bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling strategy, characteristics and representativeness of the InGef research database
Authors: Ludwig Marion , Enders Dirk , Basedow Frederike , Walker Jochen , Jacob Josephine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe the sampling strategy as well as characteristics and the external validity of a representative sample database drawn from the German InGef research database.
Study Design
This is a retrospective cohort study using anonymized claims data for the year 2019.
Methods
The InGef research database is an anonymized healthcare database with longitudinal claims data from approximately 8.8 Mio insurees. A sample of four million insurees was drawn intended to be representative for the German population with respect to age, sex and region. In addition to demographic information, data on hospitalization rates, mortality rates and drug prescription rates was analysed from the InGef sample database for the year 2019 to demonstrate validity and representativeness. Corresponding national reference data were obtained from official sources.
Results
The distributions of sex and age were similar in the InGef sample database and Germany (proportion of women: 50.8% vs. 50.7%; mean age: 44.1 vs 43.9 years). The proportion of insurees living in the eastern part of Germany was lower in the InGef sample database (16.5% vs. 19.5 %). There was good accordance with German reference data with respect to hospitalization rates and overall mortality rates. Prescription rates for the 20 most often reimbursed drug classes were slightly higher in the InGef sample database.
Conclusions
The InGef sample database shows good overall agreement with the German population on measures of morbidity, mortality, and drug usage.
Priority micronutrient density in foods
Authors: Beal Ty , Ortenzi Flaminia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite concerted efforts to improve diet quality and reduce malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies remain widespread globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries and among population groups with increased needs, where diets are often inadequate in iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, calcium, and vitamin B12. There is a need to understand the density of these micronutrients and their bioavailability across diverse foods and the suitability of these foods to help meet requirements for populations with high burdens of micronutrient malnutrition.Objective: We aimed to identify the top food sources of these commonly lacking micronutrients, which are essential for optimal health, to support efforts to reduce micronutrient malnutrition among various populations globally.Methods: We built an aggregated global food composition database and calculated recommended nutrient intakes for five population groups with varying requirements. An approach was developed to rate foods according to their density in each and all priority micronutrients for various population groups with different nutrient requirements.Results: We find that the top sources of priority micronutrients are organs, small fish, dark green leafy vegetables, bivalves, crustaceans, goat, beef, eggs, milk, canned fish with bones, lamb, and mutton. Cheese, goat milk, and pork are also good sources, and to a lesser extent, yogurt, fresh fish, pulses, teff, and canned fish without bones.Conclusions: The results provide insight into which foods to prioritize to fill common micronutrient gaps and reduce undernutrition.
Pulsed supplies of small fish facilitate short-term intraguild predation in salmon stocked streams
Authors: Hasegawa Koh , Fukui Sho 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pulsed supplies of prey organisms generally increase predator food intake. However, whether this holds true when predators and pulsed prey are in same guild (i.e., intraguild [IG] predators and prey) is unclear. IG prey may increase IG-predator food intake by providing a food source, but they may decrease food intake through competition. To test these hypotheses, we compared the food intake of white-spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis) (IG predator) in streams that were stocked or unstocked with hatchery-reared masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) fry (IG prey) in streams in Hokkaido, Japan. One day after stocking, masu salmon fry occupied nearly 60% of the stomach contents by wet weight of white-spotted charr in stocked streams, and mean stomach content weight was six-times higher than in unstocked streams. However, predation of white-spotted charr on stocked fry was rare on other days. Acquisition of predator-avoidance behavior by stocked fry and/or a lack of accommodation by white-spotted charr to the sudden emergence of a new prey source (e.g., the charr in study sites were basically insectivorous, and their foraging behavior might have been ineffective for piscivory) may explain this time-limited intraguild predation. In days other than the first day post-stocking, food intake by white-spotted charr did not differ between stocked and unstocked streams. No effects of interspecific competition on white-spotted charr food intake were observed; this may be due to the body-size advantage of white-spotted charr and/or the low density of stocked masu-salmon fry.
The Utility of Multi-dimensional Symptom Assessment Scales for Children Treated in a Tertiary Paediatric Oncology Unit: a Prospective Survey-based Study
Authors: Katz Naomi T , Sacks Bronwyn H , Vemuri Sidharth , Williams Molly , Bhatia Kanika , Hynson Jenny 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Children undergoing cancer-directed treatment experience distressing symptoms. Multi-dimensional patient-reported symptom assessment scales have been validated in children with cancer, but are not routinely used in clinical practice.Aim: To describe the symptom prevalence and burden for children receiving treatment in a paediatric oncology unit, as described by both children where possible, and their parents.Methods: Prospective survey-based study during which the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale was administered to children and parents. Participants were offered the opportunity to complete the survey on multiple occasions. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Institutional ethics approval was granted (HREC37022A).Results: Forty-one children were recruited, aged 8 months to 18 years and 54% were female. In total, 54 parent surveys and 29 child surveys were completed. The vast majority of surveys (81%) were completed in the inpatient setting, and more than half within 10 days of chemotherapy. Haematological malignancies predominated. There was a median of 4.8 months between diagnosis and recruitment. Eleven children died after the study closed; no patients died during the study period. Children aged 10 – 18 reported an average of 15 symptoms. Symptom prevalence did not always correlate with distress.Conclusions: Exploration of the impact of a symptom, and not just its presence, is vital for patient-centred care and can be achieved using multi-dimensional symptom scales. Both the child and caregiver’s voices should be obtained where possible. Further studies are needed to explore how these scales can be used to identify distress and guide supportive care delivery.
Transitional Wave Climate Regions on Continental and Polar Coasts in a Warming World
Authors: Odériz Itxaso , Mori Nobuhito , Shimura Tomoya , Webb Adrean , Silva Rodolfo , Mortlock Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We provide a comprehensive analysis of the spatial-temporal changes in the atmospheric-driven major wave climates (easterlies, southerlies, and westerlies) under two different Representative Concentration Pathways, the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios for the end-of-the-century (2075–2099). By comparing the projected scenarios with historical conditions, we found that the easterly wave climates will be more frequents in the southwest basins (up to 15%) and the southerlies in the eastern basins (up to 20%). While the westerlies are projected to reduce their presence in the mid-latitudes and intensify for the high latitudes associated with the poleward extratropical circulation. As a result, coastal risk will be triggered in transitional wave climate regions, in addition to the risk induced by sea-level rise and storm wave generated, by spatial and frequency changes in the prevailing wave climates that will reach regions where up to now they have not, impacting future coastal environments.
Downregulated miR-1271-5p inhibits proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells by activates Grhl2/CHL1 axis in preeclampsia
Authors: Shen Xue-Yan , Cheng Li-Li , Huang Jing , Kong Hong-Fang , Chang Ya-Jing , Wang Fang , Xin Hong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective: Abnormal cell growth and invasion are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). Previous studies have shown that miR-1271-5p promotes cell proliferation and migration. However, the expression and function of miR-1271-5p in PE still remains unclear.Materials and Methods: The expression of miR-1271-5p was detected from blood serum from pregnant and placental tissues. Silence or overexpression of miR-1271-5p in HTR8/SVneo cells. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect miR-1271-5p expression. Cell proliferation and invasion were determined using separately MTT assay Wound-scratch healing assay.Results: In this study, we identified a downregulation in miR-1271-5p in blood samples and placentas of PE patients compared to healthy pregnant controls. In addition, overexpression of miR-1271-5p promoted trophoblast cell proliferation and invasion, while depletion of miR-1271-5p reduced these effects. Importantly, we revealed that grainyhead-like protein 2 homolog (Grhl2), which could inhibit proliferation and migration of trophoblast cells, was a direct target gene of miR-1271-5p in primary trophoblast cells and HTR-8/SVneo cells. Furthermore, Our results showed that Grhl2 bound to the cell adhesion molecule L1-like protein (CHL1) promoter and regulated it transcription in trophoblast cells.Conclusion: Grhl2-mediated effects of miR-1271-5p on cell invasion and proliferation of trophoblast cells by promoting CHL1 transcription. The miR-1271-5p/Grhl2/CHL1 axis potentially provides a new therapeutic target for PE.
18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Protectes Neonatal Rats with Hyperoxia Exposure Through Inhibiting ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Cai Qing , Liu Ziyun , Yu Xuefei , Zhao Xinyi , Xue Xindong , Fu Jianhua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common devastating pulmonary complication in preterm infants. Oxygen supplementation is a lifesaving therapeutic measure used for premature infants with pulmonary insufficiency. However, oxygen toxicity is a significant trigger for BPD, and oxidative stress-induced inflammatory responses, in turn, worsens the oxidative toxicity resulting in lung injury and arresting of lung development. Glycyrrhiza radix is commonly used in the medicine and food industries. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA), a primary active ingredient of Glycyrrhiza radix, has a powerful anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to determine whether 18β-GA has protective effects on neonatal rats with hyperoxia exposure. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were kept in either 21% (normoxia) or 80% O2 (hyperoxia) continuously from postnatal day (PN) 1 to 14. 18β-GA was injected intragastrically at 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight once a day from PN 1 to 14. We examined the body weights and alveolar development, and measured ROS level and the markers of pulmonary inflammation. Mature-IL-1β and NF-κB pathway proteins, and the NLRP3 inflammasome, were assessed; concurrently, caspase-1 activity was measured. Our results indicated that hyperoxia resulted in alveolar simplification and decreased bodyweight of neonatal rats. Hyperoxia exposure increased ROS level and pulmonary inflammation, and activated NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome. 18β-GA treatment decreased ROS level, inhibited the activation of NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome, decreased pulmonary inflammation, improved alveolar development, and increased the bodyweight of neonatal rats with hyperoxia exposure. Our study demonstrates that 18β-GA protects neonatal rats with hyperoxia exposure through inhibiting ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome.
Individualized Precision Targeting of Dorsal Attention and Default Mode Networks with Rtms in Traumatic Brain Injury-Associated Depression
Authors: Siddiqi Shan H. , Kandala Sridhar , Hacker Carl D. , Trapp Nicholas T. , Leuthardt Eric C. , Carter Alexandre R. , Brody David L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
At the group level, antidepressant efficacy of rTMS targets is inversely related to their normative connectivity with subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). Individualized connectivity may yield better targets, particularly in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders who may have aberrant connectivity. However, sgACC connectivity shows poor test-retest reliability at the individual level. Individualized resting-state network mapping (RSNM) can reliably map inter-individual variability in brain network organization.
Objective
To identify individualized RSNM-based rTMS targets that reliably target the sgACC connectivity profile.
Methods
We used RSNM to identify network-based rTMS targets in 10 healthy controls and 13 individuals with traumatic brain injury-associated depression (TBI-D). These “RSNM targets” were compared with consensus structural targets and targets based on individualized anti-correlation with a group-mean-derived sgACC region (“anti-group-mean sgACC targets”). The TBI-D cohort was randomized to receive active (n=9) or sham (n=4) rTMS to RSNM targets.
Results
The group-mean sgACC connectivity profile was reliably estimated by individualized correlation with default mode network (DMN) and anti-correlation with dorsal attention network (DAN). Individualized RSNM targets were then identified based on DAN anti-correlation and DMN correlation. Counterintuitively, anti-correlation with the group-mean sgACC connectivity profile was stronger and more reliable for RSNM-derived targets than for “anti-group-mean sgACC targets”. Improvement in depression after RSNM-targeted rTMS was predicted by target anti-correlation with the portions of sgACC. Active treatment led to increased connectivity within and between several relevant regions.
Conclusions
RSNM may enable reliable individualized rTMS targeting, although further research is needed to determine whether this personalized approach can improve clinical outcomes.
Active management of the third stage of labour: knowledge and challenges of obstetric caregivers in selected health facilities in Fako Division, Cameroon
Authors: Tih William Ntchompbopughu , Thomas Egbe Obinchemti , Nicholas Tendongfor 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: In Cameroon, the decrease in MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio) from PPH (Postpartum Haemorrhage) despite reported use of the Active Management of the Third Stage of Labour (AMTSL) is slower than required to achieve the Third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG3) hence the need to question obstetric caregivers’ competence in AMTSL, as well as the factors hindering its proper useWe therefore aimed to assess obstetric caregivers’ knowledge about AMTSL, as well as the determinants and barriers of AMTSL in selected hospitals in Fako Division, Cameroon.Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of 150 participants recruited in 27 health facilities in Buea, Limbe and Tiko health districts from January 15, 2020, to March 31, 2020. Participants’ socio-demographic and qualification characteristics, knowledge and challenges, and the references guiding their practice of AMTSL were collected using a structured questionnaire. AMTSL knowledge was categorized as poor or good and the determinants of good AMTSL knowledge were evaluated. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 25.0. Results: Of the 150 caregivers interviewed, only 48.7% had good knowledge of AMTSL. In logistic models, participants’ use of AMTSL increased Good knowledge of AMTSL (AOR: 12.96, CI: 1.12 -150.3, p=0.04). Unavailability of drugs and/or equipment, insufficient staff coverage and lack of knowledge and training of the staff were the major challenges reported. Conclusion: Obstetric caregivers in Fako division have knowledge gaps and face numerous challenges in AMTSL use, which could account for the consistently high MMR from PPH. Filling this knowledge gap and mitigating the challenges of these caregivers would certainly accelerate progress towards the achievement of SDG3.
The Effects of Two Different Dietary Regimens During Exercise On Outcome of Experimental Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Sabet Nazanin , Soltani Zahra , Khaksari Mohammad , amirhasani Alireza Raji- 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome characterized by rapid loss of excretory function of kidney. One of the molecules considered in the treatment of renal failure is the silent information regulator (SIRT1). In this study, the effect of two different diets during exercise on AKI was investigated. Materials and Methods: A number of rats were randomly divided into four groups; control without exercise, control with exercise, exercise + calorie restriction (CR), and exercise + time restriction (TR). Each group was divided into two subgroups of without AKI and with AKI (six rats in each group). Endurance exercise and diets were implemented before AKI. Serum urea and creatinine, urinary albumin, kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), and SIRT1 levels, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and relative kidney weight were measured before and 48 h after AKI induction.Results: After induction of kidney injury, serum urea and creatinine, urinary albumin, kidney MDA and TGF-β1 levels and relative kidney weight increased in rats with both previous exercise and no previous exercise (p <0.001), while GFR, and kidney TAC and SIRT1 levels decreased (p <0.001). These changes after AKI were less in the group with previous exercise than in the group that had no exercise (p <0.001). The TR diet during exercise caused a less increase in serum urea (p <0.001) and creatinine (p <0.05), and urinary albumin (p <0.01) levels after injury compared to the just exercise group. Also, both CR and TR diets during exercise caused less change in MDA (p <0.01, p <0.05, respectively) and TAC (p <0.001, p <0.05, respectively) levels compared to just exercise group. Conclusion: The results showed that exercise alone had no effect on preventing function impairment of kidney, oxidative stress, inflammation and also SIRT1 alteration following AKI in athletes, although these indexes were less among those with exercise than those without exercise. However, when the CR and TR diets were implemented during exercise, strong renoprotective effects appeared, and the protective effect of TR diet was greater.
Study on Electronic and Optical Properties of Graphene Oxide Under an External Electric Field From First-principles
Authors: Najim Abdehafid , BAJJOU Omar , BOULGHALLAT Mustapha , Khenfouch Mohammed , Rahmani Khalid 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Electronic and optical properties of graphene oxide (GO), under an external electric field (Eext) applied in three directions of space (x, y, z), are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT). The application of the Eext, causes a significant modifications to the electronic and optical properties of GO material. It has change the band gap, total density of states (TDOS), partial density of states (PDOS), absorption coefficient (α), dielectric function, optical conductivity, refractive index and loss function. The band gap of GO layer increases under the effects of the Eext, applied in x and y directions. On the other hand, for z direction, the band gap decreases by the effects of the Eext. The peaks of the TDOS around the Fermi level, change by the Eext applied in (x, y, z) directions. The α peaks of the GO sheet, decreases by the Eext applied in x direction, and increases if Eext applied in y and z directions. It is found that, the electronic and optical properties of GO layer, could be affected by the effects of the Eext and by its direction of application.
Molecular Analysis of Genes Involved in Chitin Degradation from the Chitinolytic Bacterium Bacillus Velezensis
Authors: Tran Dinh Minh , Huynh To Uyen , Nguyen Thi Huyen , Do Oanh Tu , Nguyen Quang-Vinh , Nguyen Dzung Anh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bacillus velezensis RB.IBE29 is a potent biocontrol agent with high chitinase activity isolated from the rhizosphere of black pepper cultivated in the Central Highlands, Vietnam. Genome sequences revealed that this species possesses some GH18 chitinases and AA10 protein(s); however, these enzymes have not been experimentally characterized. In this work, three genes were identified from the genomic DNA of this bacterium and cloned in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis exhibited that the ORF of chiA consists of 1,203 bp and encodes deduced 45.46 kDa-chitinase A of 400 aa. The domain structure of chitinase A is composed of a CBM 50 domain at the N-terminus and a catalytic domain at the C-terminus. The ORF of chiB includes 1,263 bp and encodes deduced 47.59 kDa-chitinase B of 420 aa. Chitinase B consists of two CBM50 domains at the N-terminus and a catalytic domain at the C-terminus. The ORF of lpmo10 is 621 bp and encodes a deduced 22.44 kDa-AA10 protein, BvLPMO10 of 206 aa. BvLPMO10 contains a signal peptide and an AA10 catalytic domain. Chitinases A and B were grouped into subfamily A of family 18 chitinases. Amino acid sequences in their catalytic domains lack aromatic residues (Trp, Phe, Tyr) probably involved in processivity and substrate binding compared with well-known bacterial GH18 chitinases. chiB was successfully expressed in E. coli. Purified rBvChiB degraded insoluble chitin and was responsible for inhibition of fungal spore-germination and egg hatching of plant-parasitic nematode. This is the first report describing the analysis of the chitinase system from B. velezensis.
Introduction to Pristionchus pacificus anatomy
Authors: Schroeder Nathan E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Pristionchus pacificus has emerged as an important nematode species used to understand the evolution of development and behavior. While P. pacificus (Diplogasteridae) is only distantly related to Caenorhabditis elegans (Rhabditidae), both use an identical reproductive strategy, are easily reared on bacteria in Petri dishes and complete their life cycles within a few days. Over the past 25 years, several detailed light and electron microscopy studies have elucidated the anatomy of P. pacificus and have demonstrated clear homology to many cells in C. elegans. Despite this similarity, sufficient anatomical differences between C. elegans and P. pacificus have allowed the latter to be used in comparative evo-devo studies. For example, the stoma of P. pacificus contains a large dorsal tooth used during predation on other nematodes when supplementing its primarily bacterial diet. This review discusses the main anatomical features of P. pacificus with emphasis on comparison to C. elegans.