bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current methods and future directions in avian diet analysis
Authors: Hoenig Brandon D , Snider Allison M , Forsman Anna M , Hobson Keith A , Latta Steven C , Miller Eliot T , Polito Michael J , Powell Luke L , Rogers Samantha L , Sherry Thomas W , Toews David P L , Welch Andreanna J , Taylor Sabrina S , Porter Brady A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIdentifying the composition of avian diets is a critical step in characterizing the roles of birds within ecosystems. However, because birds are a diverse taxonomic group with equally diverse dietary habits, gaining an accurate and thorough understanding of avian diet can be difficult. In addition to overcoming the inherent difficulties of studying birds, the field is advancing rapidly, and researchers are challenged with a myriad of methods to study avian diet, a task that has only become more difficult with the introduction of laboratory techniques to dietary studies. Because methodology drives inference, it is important that researchers are aware of the capabilities and limitations of each method to ensure the results of their study are interpreted correctly. However, few reviews exist which detail each of the traditional and laboratory techniques used in dietary studies, with even fewer framing these methods through a bird-specific lens. Here, we discuss the strengths and limitations of morphological prey identification, DNA-based techniques, stable isotope analysis, and the tracing of dietary biomolecules throughout food webs. We identify areas of improvement for each method, provide instances in which the combination of techniques can yield the most comprehensive findings, introduce potential avenues for combining results from each technique within a unified framework, and present recommendations for the future focus of avian dietary research.
Endogenous biomarkers reveal diet partitioning among three sympatric species of swallows
Authors: Bumelis Kaelyn H , Cadman Michael D , Hobson Keith A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since the early 1990s, aerial insectivorous birds have shown serious population declines in North America, but it is not clear if factors common to all species within this guild account for these declines. Among sympatric swallows, population trends differ, and this may be due to differences in ecology operating throughout the annual cycle. Although these species all feed on aerial insects, prey taxa can differ tremendously in their “aeroecology” and use by swallows. We examined the potential for dietary differences among three species of swallows, Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), and Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), breeding sympatrically in southern Ontario, Canada. Potential interspecific differences in nestling diet were examined using two endogenous biomarkers, DNA barcoding of nestling feces and stable isotope analysis (δ 2H, δ 13C, δ 15N) of nestling feathers. We found evidence for differences in dietary sources of provisioned young where Barn Swallows provisioned more terrestrial-based prey, Cliff Swallows provisioned an intermediate diet, and Tree Swallows the most aquatic-emergent insect diet. We suggest this information may help to identify potential factors contributing to differential declines of aerial insectivores operating on the breeding grounds, including diet quality.
AI in spotting high-risk characteristics of medical imaging and molecular pathology
Authors: Zhang Chong , Gu Jionghui , Zhu Yangyang , Meng Zheling , Tong Tong , Li Dongyang , Liu Zhenyu , Du Yang , Wang Kun , Tian Jie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Medical imaging provides a comprehensive perspective and rich information for disease diagnosis. Combined with artificial intelligence technology, medical imaging can be further mined for detailed pathological information. Many studies have shown that the macroscopic imaging characteristics of tumors are closely related to microscopic gene, protein and molecular changes. In order to explore the function of artificial intelligence algorithms in in-depth analysis of medical imaging information, this paper reviews the articles published in recent years from three perspectives: medical imaging analysis method, clinical applications and the development of medical imaging in the direction of pathological molecular prediction. We believe that AI-aided medical imaging analysis will be extensively contributing to precise and efficient clinical decision.
Recalled Number of Falls in the Past Year—Combined With Perceived Mobility—Predicts the Incidence of Future Falls in Unilateral Lower Limb Prosthesis Users
Authors: Tobaigy Moaz , Hafner Brian J , Sawers Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveFalls are a frequent and costly concern for lower limb prosthesis (LLP) users. At present, there are no models that clinicians can use to predict the incidence of future falls in LLP users. Assessing who is at risk for falls, therefore, remains a challenge. The purpose of this study was to test whether easily accessible clinical attributes and measurements predict the incidence of future falls in LLP users.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, a secondary analysis of data from 60 LLP users was conducted. LLP users reported the number of falls that they recalled over the past year before prospectively reporting falls over a 6-month observation period via monthly telephone calls. Additional candidate predictor variables were recorded at baseline. Negative binomial regression was used to develop a model intended to predict the incidence of future falls.ResultsThe final model, which included the number of recalled falls (incidence rate ratio = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.28) and Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility T-scores (incidence rate ratio = 0.949; 95% CI = 0.90 to 1.01), was significantly better than a null model at predicting the number of falls over the next 6 months (χ22 = 9.76) and fit the observed prospective fall count data (χ256 = 54.78).ConclusionThe number of recalled falls and Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility T-scores predicted the incidence of falls over the next 6 months in established, unilateral LLP users. The success and simplicity of the final model suggests that it may serve as a screening tool for clinicians to use for assessing risk of falls. Additional research to validate the proposed model in an independent sample of LLP users is needed.ImpactOwing to its simplicity, the final model may serve as a suitable screening measure for clinicians to ascertain an initial evaluation of fall risk in established unilateral LLP users. Analyzing falls data as counts rather than as a categorical variable may be an important methodological consideration for falls prevention research.
The impact of COVID-19 on clinical care, self-management and mental health of patients with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Sweeney Melissa , Carpenter Lewis , de Souza Savia , Chaplin Hema , Tung Hsiu , Caton Emma , Galloway James , Cope Andrew , Yates Mark , Nikiphorou Elena , Norton Sam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown and ongoing restrictions in the UK affected access to clinical care, self-management and mental health for many patients with inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of lockdown on inflammatory arthritis clinical care, self-management, disease outcomes and mental health.

Methods
In total, 338 people with inflammatory arthritis participated in a prospective study, completing a series of online questionnaires. The questionnaires assessed demographics, inflammatory arthritis condition and management, clinical care, quality of life and mental health. Visual analogue scales (VASs) were completed at each assessment. Linear regression, controlling for confounders, was conducted to determine factors associated with physical and mental health outcomes.

Results
More than half of participants reported worsening VAS by &gt;10 points for patient global assessment (PGA), pain, fatigue and emotional distress during the initial lockdown. Changes in clinical care were associated with worse PGA (b = 8.95, P = 0.01), pain (b = 7.13, P = 0.05), fatigue (b = 17.01, P &lt; 0.01) and emotional distress (b = 12.78, P &lt; 0.01). Emotional distress and depression were also associated with worse outcomes in PGA, pain and fatigue, whereas loneliness was not. In contrast, physical activity seemed to mitigate these effects. Loneliness did not show any associations with outcomes. Over time, these effects decreased or disappeared.

Conclusion
Changes to clinical care owing to lockdown were associated with worse disease outcomes in patients with inflammatory arthritis. There has also been a clear impact on mental health, with possibly complex relationships between mental health and psychosocial factors. Physical activity emerged as a key influence on disease outcomes and mental health.
Impact of COVID-19 containment measures on patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease in the UK and Europe: the REUMAVID study (phase1)
Authors: Harrison Stephanie Rose , Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Correa-Fernández José , Webb Dale , Christen Laura , Marzo-Ortega Helena 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim was to compare the impact of the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and lockdown measures on patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) in the UK and other European countries (OEC).

Methods
REUMAVID was an online cross-sectional survey of seven European countries. The data collected included the following: demographics, lifestyle, employment, access to health-care services, disease-specific characteristics, the World Health Organization five well-being index (WHO-5), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), visual analogue scale (VAS) disease activity, and the perceived acceptable symptom scale.

Results
One thousand eight hundred responses were received between April and July 2020 [UK, n = 558 (31.0%); OEC, n = 1242 (69.0%)]. UK patients were more likely to be older [mean (S.d.): UK 58.5 (13.4) years; OEC 50.0 (12.2) years], university educated [UK n = 302 (54.1%); OEC n = 572 (46.1%), quit smoking [UK n = 92 (59.4%); OEC n = 65 (16.2%)] and continue exercise [UK, n = 216 (49.2%); OEC, n = 228 (33.1%)], although, conversely, alcohol consumption increased [UK n = 99 (36.3%); OEC n = 98 (12.1%)]. UK patients felt informed about COVID-19 (UK 72.7%, OEC 57.4%) and kept their planned rheumatology [UK n = 87 (51.2%); OEC n = 213 (38.6%)] and/or general practice appointments [UK n = 87 (76.3%); OEC n = 310 (53.9%)]. Almost half the patients with RMDs reported a decline in health and well-being, although this was less common in UK patients [UK n = 214 (38.4%), OEC n = 618 (50.2%)], who reported better perceived acceptable symptom scale, VAS pain and HADS scores, but worse WHO-5 scores.

Conclusions
UK RMD patients performed better in the physical and mental health domains tested, possibly owing to a less restrictive lockdown and better health-care access. These findings have implications for health-care services globally in planning patient care after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Preconditioning process for dermal tissue decellularization using electroporation with sonication
Authors: Koo Min-Ah , Jeong HaKyeong , Hong Seung Hee , Seon Gyeung Mi , Lee Mi Hee , Park Jong-Chul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Decellularization to produce bioscaffolds composed of the extracellular matrix (ECM) uses enzymatic, chemical and physical methods to remove antigens and cellular components from tissues. Effective decellularization methods depend on the characteristics of tissues, and in particular, tissues with dense, complex structure and abundant lipid content are difficult to completely decellularize. Our study enables future research on the development of methods and treatments for fabricating bioscaffolds via decellularization of complex and rigid skin tissues, which are not commonly considered for decellularization to date as their structural and functional characteristics could not be preserved after severe decellularization. In this study, decellularization of human dermal tissue was done by a combination of both chemical (0.05% trypsin-EDTA, 2% SDS and 1% Triton X-100) and physical methods (electroporation and sonication). After decellularization, the content of DNA remaining in the tissue was quantitatively confirmed, and the structural change of the tissue and the retention and distribution of ECM components were evaluated through histological and histochemical analysis, respectively. Conditions of the chemical pretreatment that increase the efficiency of physical stimulation as well as decellularization, and conditions for electroporation and sonication without the use of detergents, unlike the methods performed in previous studies, were established to enable the complete decellularization of the skin tissue. The combinatorial decellularization treatment formed micropores in the lipid bilayers of the skin tissues while removing all cell and cellular residues without affecting the ECM properties. Therefore, this procedure can be widely used to fabricate bioscaffolds by decellularizing biological tissues with dense and complex structures.
Gold nanoclusters conjugated berberine reduce inflammation and alleviate neuronal apoptosis by mediating M2 polarization for spinal cord injury repair
Authors: Zhou Zipeng , Li Dan , Fan Xiangyi , Yuan Yajiang , Wang Hongyu , Wang Dahao , Mei Xifan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to nerve cell apoptosis and loss of motor function. Herein, excessive activation of the M1 phenotype macrophages/microglia is found to be the main reason for the poor prognosis of SCI, but the selective activation phenotype (M2) macrophages/microglia facilitates the recovery of SCI. Thereafter, we used gold nanoclusters loaded berberine (BRB-AuNCs) to reduce inflammation by inhibiting the activation of M1 phenotype macrophages/microglia, which simultaneously inhibited neuronal apoptosis after SCI. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that BRB-AuNCs reduced M1 protein marker CD86, increased M2 protein marker CD206, reduced inflammation and apoptotic cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax). These results indicate that BRB-AuNCs have excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by inducing the polarization of macrophages/microglia from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype. Thereafter, the motor functions of SCI rats were significantly improved after treatment with BRB-AuNCs. This work not only provides a new way for the treatment of SCI but also broadens BRB utilization strategies.
The effect of wind turbine noise on polysomnographically measured and self-reported sleep latency in wind turbine noise naïve participants
Authors: Liebich Tessa , Lack Leon , Micic Gorica , Hansen Kristy , Zajamšek Branko , Dunbar Claire , Lechat Bastien , Scott Hannah , Lovato Nicole , Decup Felix , Nguyen Duc Phuc , Catcheside Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesWind turbine noise (WTN) exposure could potentially interfere with the initiation of sleep. However, effects on objectively assessed sleep latency are largely unknown. This study sought to assess the impact of WTN on polysomnographically measured and sleep diary-determined sleep latency compared to control background noise alone in healthy good sleepers without habitual prior WTN exposure.MethodsTwenty-three WTN naïve urban residents (mean ± SD age: 21.7 ± 2.1 years, range 18–29, 13 females) attended the sleep laboratory for two polysomnography studies, one week apart. Participants were blind to noise conditions and only informed that they may or may not hear noise during each night. During the sleep onset period, participants were exposed to counterbalanced nights of WTN at 33 dB(A), the upper end of expected indoor values; or background noise alone as the control condition (23 dB(A)).ResultsLinear mixed model analysis revealed no differences in log10 normalized objective or subjective sleep latency between the WTN versus control nights (median [interquartile range] objective 16.5 [11.0 to 18.5] vs. 16.5 [10.5 to 29.0] min, p = .401; subjective 20.0 [15.0 to 25.0] vs. 15.0 [10.0 to 30.0] min, p = .907).ConclusionsAlthough undetected small effects cannot be ruled out, these results do not support that WTN extends sleep latency in young urban-dwelling individuals without prior WTN exposure.
Armed Conflict and Religious Adherence Across Countries: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Echeverría Vicente Nohemi Jocabeth , Hemmerechts Kenneth , Kavadias Dimokritos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA fundamental question in the comparative sociology of religion is: What are the drivers of cross-national differences in religiosity? The existential insecurity argument raises the expectation of higher levels of religiosity in contexts of social crisis. We test this argument against countries’ armed conflict experiences, employing global longitudinal data on religious adherence over almost half a century. We did not find evidence of religious revival when measuring the consequences of armed conflict with a 5-year lag, indicating that armed conflict-related social crises do not tend to lead to sudden changes in the religious adherence of a country. However, we did find more consistent indications of a higher proportion of religious people when using accumulated measurements of armed conflict, highlighting the importance of investigating the armed conflict history of a country when assessing its religious consequences. Our results show that countries with a more devastating experience of armed conflict tend to present higher proportions of religious adherence in comparison with countries with a less devastating armed conflict history. We concluded that armed conflict tends to partially drive religious persistence in societies that have experienced it, and that the pace at which this takes place is gradual rather than immediate.
Predictors of mask-wearing during the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Burger Ronelle , Christian Carmen , English Rene , Maughan-Brown Brendan , Rossouw Laura 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
In the absence of a vaccine, the global spread of COVID-19 during 2020 has necessitated non-pharmaceutical interventions to curb the rise of cases.

Purpose
The article uses the health belief model and a novel rapid mobile survey to examine correlates of reported mask-wearing as a non-pharmaceutical intervention in South Africa between May and August 2020.

Methods
Two-way tabulations and multivariable analysis via logistic regression modeling describe correlations between reported mask-wearing and factors of interest among a sample of 7074 adults in a two-period national longitudinal survey, the National Income Dynamics Study-Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM).

Results
In line with the health belief model, results showed that self-efficacy, the prevalence of others’ mask-wearing in the same district, and affluence were positively associated with reported mask-wearing. Those who reported staying at home were significantly less likely to report wearing a mask. There was little evidence that the expected severity of the disease if contracted, affects these decisions. Hypertension, obesity, or being overweight (measured three years earlier) did not have a significant association with mask-wearing. The prevalence of mask-wearing increased significantly from May to August 2020 as COVID-19 cases increased and lockdown restrictions were eased. Contrary to the health belief model, we found that despite having a higher mortality risk, the elderly had significantly lower odds of mask-wearing.

Conclusion
In South Africa, the mask-wearing adherence has increased rapidly. It is concerning that the elderly had lower odds of mask-wearing. This should be examined further in future research.
Study on the influence of skid resistance on traffic safety of highway with a high ratio of bridges and tunnels
Authors: Ding Yongjie , Li Danni , Huang Mingxuan , Cao Xuejuan , Tang Boming 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The safety of highways with a high ratio of bridges and tunnels is related to multiple factors, for example, the skid resistance of the pavement surface. In this study, the distribution of accidents under different conditions was calculated to investigate the relationship between the road skid resistance and the incidence of traffic accidents based on the traffic accident data of the Yuxiang highway. Statistical results show that weather conditions and road alignment may affect traffic accidents. The correlation analysis method was used to study the relationship between three factors and traffic accidents. The results show that road alignment, weather conditions and road skid resistance are related to the incidence of traffic accidents. The traffic accident prediction models were established based on back propagation neural network to verify the correlation analysis results. It is confirmed that road alignment, weather conditions and road skid resistance are the factors that affect traffic accidents.
An Interprofessional Approach to Preventing Tracheostomy-Related Pressure Injuries
Authors: Urquhart Anne E. , Savage Elizabeth , Danziger Keri , Easter Tara , Terala Anish , Nunnally Mark 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
An interprofessional team known as the Tracheostomy Steering Committee (TSC) was established to prevent tracheotomy-related pressure injuries (TRPIs) and standardize practice for tracheostomy insertion and care of patients with tracheostomies. In addition to reducing the number TRPIs, the TSC sought establish an escalation process for all clinicians to raise concerns about the care and management of patients with tracheostomies.

METHODS
This quality improvement initiative used the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control framework with a pre- and postintervention design. The TSC created a TRPI-prevention bundle that included recommendations for protective foam dressing and skin barrier film use, suture tension, timing of suture removal, stoma care, offloading and positioning, escalation, documentation, and dual skin assessment. An electronic tracheostomy report was developed to track patients with a tracheostomy across the enterprise.

RESULTS
A total of 289 patients had a tracheostomy during their inpatient hospital stay from January 2018 through December 2019. There was an observed a reduction in the daily rate of TRPIs by 50% with the use of the standardized TRPI-prevention bundle.

CONCLUSIONS
Use of the bundle resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of TRPI. Timely escalation of possible tracheostomy injuries or tracheostomies at risk enabled rapid intervention, likely preventing many injuries, and real-time feedback to clinicians reinforced best practices. Interprofessional collaboration is necessary to provide optimal tracheostomy care and ensure the best outcomes.