bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-translational modifications on protein VII are important during the early stages of adenovirus infection
Authors: Arnold Edward A. , Smith Julian R. , Leung Katie , Nguyen Daniel H. , Kelnhofer-Millevolte Laurel E. , Guo Monica S. , Smith Jason G. , Avgousti Daphne C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Due to the importance of post-translational modification (PTM) in cellular function, viruses have evolved to both take advantage of and be susceptible to such modification. Adenovirus encodes a multifunctional protein called protein VII, which is packaged with the viral genome in the core of virions and disrupts host chromatin during infection. Protein VII has several PTMs whose addition contributes to the subnuclear localization of protein VII. Here, we used mutant viruses that abrogate or mimic these PTMs on protein VII to interrogate their impact on protein VII function during adenovirus infection. We discovered that acetylation of the lysine in positions 2 or 3 (K2 or K3) is deleterious during early infection as mutation to alanine led to greater intake of protein VII and viral DNA to the nucleus and enhanced early gene expression. Furthermore, we determined that protein VII is acetylated at alternative residues late during infection which may compensate for the mutated sites. Lastly, due to the role of the early viral protein E1A in viral gene activation, we investigated the interaction between protein VII and E1A and demonstrated that protein VII interacts with E1A through a chromatin-mediated interaction. Together, these results emphasize that the complexity of virus-host interactions is intimately tied to post-translational modification.

IMPORTANCE
Adenoviruses are ubiquitous human pathogens that cause a variety of diseases, such as respiratory infections, gastroenteritis, and conjunctivitis. While often viewed as a self-limiting infection in healthy individuals, adenoviruses are particularly harmful to immunocompromised patients. Here, we investigate the functional role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on an essential adenovirus core protein, protein VII, describing how they regulate its function during the early and late stages of infection. Our study focuses on how specific PTMs on protein VII influence transcription, localization, and interactions with other proteins, highlighting how PTMs are employed by viruses to alter protein function.
Motivations for obtaining advance provision of medication abortion in the United States: a qualitative study
Authors: Johnson Dana M , Ramaswamy Sruthi , Gomperts Rebecca , Aiken Abigail R A 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAdvance provision of medication abortion, or the prescription of mifepristone and misoprostol before pregnancy occurs, is an unexplored care model aimed at expanding abortion access. We examine motivations for obtaining advance provision from the online telemedicine service, Aid Access, which supports people in the United States.MethodsBetween May and November 2023, we conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 39 people who obtained advance provision between January 2022 and April 2023. Interviews were transcribed and we conducted a thematic analysis to assess individual motivations.ResultsParticipants were motivated to obtain medications because of theDobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization (Dobbs) draft opinion leak and eventual decision. Participants expressed concerns about access to abortion under current and future abortion restrictions. Concerns about restrictions prompted people to make a backup plan for themselves and loved ones, and participants compared advance provision to other emergency medications and practices. Some participants were motivated to have medications on hand because pregnancy would be either unsafe or difficult. Others were trying to become pregnant, but because of their health histories they were cognisant of the health risks of a desired pregnancy. Overall, participants were motivated to take back control of their reproductive autonomy in the face of inevitable abortion bans.ConclusionsThe need for autonomy, resistance and reassurance were woven throughout participant’s motivations for obtaining advance provision. TheDobbsdecision acted as a catalyst for action to take back reproductive autonomy and prepare for a lack of access to abortion care.
Trends and cross-country inequality in the incidence of GI cancers among the working-age population from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease 2021 analysis
Authors: Song Yiming , Wang Xiaoyi , Shen Yufeng , Chen Liping , Yang Liuyi , Wang Ruilan , Lu Junyu , Gao Zhifang , Lin Xiaolu , Song Yan , Zhang Qingwei , Li Xiaobo 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundGI cancers pose an increasing global health burden, with their impact on the working-age population (WAP) aged 15–64 years remaining largely unexplored despite the crucial role of this group in societal and economic well-being.ObjectiveTo assess trends and cross-country inequality in the global burden of six GI cancers from 1990 to 2021 among individuals in the WAP.DesignThe 2021 Global Burden of Disease study dataset was used to obtain estimates of GI cancer incidence and 95% uncertainty intervals, including the number of cases, crude incidence rate and age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR). WAP GI cancer epidemiology was assessed at the national, regional and global levels, evaluating trends from 1990 to 2021 from overall, local and Sociodemographic Index (SDI) perspectives and using standard health equity methods to quantify cross-country inequality.ResultsColorectal cancer exhibited the greatest burden of GI cancer among the WAP in 2021. From 1990 to 2021, the number of GI cancer cases rose by 51.9%, although the ASIR declined by 23.4%. These rates exhibit geographic variation, with the most cases and the highest ASIR in China and Mongolia, respectively. Incidence was disproportionately concentrated in higher SDI countries, and worsening inequality was evident over time.ConclusionsWhile the ASIR of GI cancer is trending downwards among the WAP, high incidence rates, regional variability and an unequal burden of disease emphasise the need for flexible, targeted medical interventions to support policymaking and medical resource allocation.
Quantum Entanglement and Space-Time Creation — Energy Basic State Field of the Universe (VI)
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Yang Yuchen , Zhen Luo , Bi Yuanbo , Cao Jingli 
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we review the concept and criterion of quantum entanglement in detail, review Bell’s inequality and Bell’s theorem, and introduce the historical experiment verification work on quantum entanglement. According to the physical view of EBSF we have proposed, the physical picture of quantum entanglement is analyzed in detail. We propose that: the invalidity of CHSH inequality means that the local realism — this logic of physics is only applicable to the physical level of matter particles, and is not applicable to quantum mechanics based on quantum states; quantum entanglement is an essential feature of QSS, and quantum entanglement mainly exists in quantum systems containing QSS. In the quantum system composed of QSS, because it is in the physical basic state of the completely symmetric quantum superfluid, mapped to the current space-time — Euclidean space —, “action at a distance” exists; the failure of CHSH inequality means that a quantum system (physical level) composed of QSS does not have Lorentz invariance and cannot be mathematically treated by the so-called QED or QCD field theory; a quantum system is composed of QSS whose space is a kind of quantum topology space; topological space evolves into Hilbert space, which evolves into present-day space (including classical space and general relativistic space); the space-time of the early universe is a kind of quantum topological space-time in condensed matter physics, and today’s space-time is embedded during certain stage of the evolution and condensation of the universe. However, we are confident that the effect of the QSS field (with quantum entanglement) on the existing QED and QCD quantum fields is weak under normal physical conditions.
Formulation Design, Optimization, and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded With an Antiviral Drug Tenofovir Using Box–Behnken Design for Boosting Oral Bioavailability
Authors: M. Sri Rekha , S. Sangeetha 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The current study aimed to improve the oral bioavailability of tenofovir (TNF), an antihuman immunodeficiency viral (HIV) drug, by integrating it into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), an emerging lipid formulation.Method: The suggested SLNs were generated utilizing the microemulsion process, using Compritol 888 ATO. A Box–Behnken experimental design was attempted to analyze the impact of critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as lipid and surfactant content and homogenization duration on response metrics such as particle size (PS) and percentage entrapment. The prepared SLNs were assessed for entrapment efficiency, zeta potential (ZP), PS, polydispersity index, and in vitro drug release. Moreover, ex vivo permeation tests employing goat intestinal sacs, solid‐state characterization by DSC and PXRD, surface morphology by SEM, and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation using albino Wistar rats were conducted.Results: The research findings demonstrated that a formulation composed of 5.5% lipid and 2% surfactant had a comparatively smaller PS (449.90 ± 4.79 nm), a narrow size distribution (0.304 ± 0.004), and strong stability with an entrapment efficiency of 83.13 ± 6.34% and a negative ZP (−18.10 ± 2.35 mV). According to in vitro drug release experiments, first‐order kinetics were followed and 99% of the medication was released over the time course of 24 h. In albino Wistar rats, an in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis of the optimized formulation (F10) showed a 12.4‐fold improvement in bioavailability over pure TNF solution.Conclusion: This study suggests the potential of SLNs in overcoming bioavailability issues, particularly low permeability, gut metabolism, and P‐gp efflux transport.
Tinjauan Sistematis Hubungan Diabetes Mellitus dengan Keratoconus
Authors: Shafi Amatul , Ahmad Tahir , Satari Karmelita 
Published: December 2024

Pendahuluan: Keratoconus adalah ektasia kornea yang paling umum akibat multifaktoral yang masih banyak dipelajari. Diabetes mellitus menghambat keratoconus karena kondisi hiperglikemia yang menyebabkan glikosilasi dan cross-linking kolagen. Ada perbedaan hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan penderita keratoconus berkorelasi positif dengan diabetes mellitus.
Metode: Studi ini berupa tinjauan sistematis yang membahas topik mengikuti tahapan dan protokol yang ditetapkan oleh Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020. Publikasi tahun 2014 hingga 2024 dipertimbangkan dengan memanfaatkan situs referensi online PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan SagePub. Kata kunci yang digunakan "keratoconus", “corneal ectasia”, “corneal cross-linking”, “conical cornea” dan "diabetes mellitus" juga dibantu Boolean operator. Jenis desain studi observasional dipilih, kualitas dinilai dengan skala Newcastle-Ottawa dan ditelaah kritis.
Hasil: Identifikasi dilakukan dengan memasukkan kata kunci pada database PubMed memunculkan 3.478 artikel, 567 artikel di ScienceDirect, dan terdapat 108 artikel di SagePub. Kami mengumpulkan total 5 penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria dan melaporkan 6 hasil yang menjelaskan keterkaitan diabetes mellitus dengan kejadian dan keparahan keratoconus.
Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan bukti yang cukup untuk menyatakan hubungan antara diabetes mellitus dan keratoconus, di mana masih ada kontroversi hasil dalam tinjauan ini.
What is the Best Way to Measure Anti-Immigrant Sentiments?
Authors: Stiers Dieter , Hooghe Marc 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
While anti-immigrant sentiments have a profound political influence, there is no consensus on a measurement scale for this attitude. Not only are there theoretical differences on what exactly determines anti-immigrant sentiments, we can also observe differences in measurement scales. Two of the largest available comparative data projects use different scales: while the European Social Survey (ESS) uses 0–10 measurement scales, the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) relies on balanced 1–5 Likert items. In this article the authors report on a unique survey experiment in Belgium, where both instruments were included in the same questionnaire. While the two instruments correlate only 0.72, they show exactly the same pattern, both with regard to determinants of, as with regard to consequences of anti-immigrant sentiments. The authors conclude that anti-immigrant sentiments are such a highly salient and amalgamated issue in contemporary society, that theoretically relevant distinctions are no longer observed empirically in a population survey.
Christian Theology in Arabic Dress: Stylistic Features of the Kitāb al-Maǧdal
Authors: İçöz Ayşe , Draper Mustafa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Kitāb al-Maǧdal (The Book of Tower) is one of the earliest known theological encyclopaedias produced in Arabic by a man called ʿAmr ibn Mattā who was a member of the Church of the East towards the end of the tenth century. Its peculiar stylistic features make it one of the most intriguing examples of Christian Arabic corpus. The book is composed in saǧʿ (rhymed prose) and embellished with various types of rhetorical figures. Each chapter represents part of a strong, defensive tower correlated with the metaphorical title of the work. Moreover, the work is divided into specific numbers of chapters and subsections, which all have biblical significance. Considering the socio-political and intellectual milieu in which the Kitāb al-Maǧdal was produced, this article focuses on these specific stylistic features of the work, analyses them in detail, and seeks an answer to the question of the author’s possible inspirational sources.
Criminalization of Domestic Violence and its Impact on Courts’ Punitive Policy: A Perspective from a Developing European Country
Authors: Tahiraj Flutura , Abdyli Emine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The domestic violence in Kosovo remains one of the biggest challenges despite country’s continuous attempts to harmonize its laws with EU legislation, including the enactment of the Criminal Code (2019) which foresees domestic violence as a criminal offense. This study aims to understand how the criminalization of domestic violence has impacted the courts’ punitive policy. The data are collected through semi-structured interviews with seven judges and analysis of 130 judgments on domestic violence, which were randomly selected in the Basic Court of Prishtina, covering the period January 2019 – June 2021. The results show that criminalization of domestic violence had a limited impact on the punitive policy: suspended imprisonment and suspended fine prevail as types of sentences, sentence of imprisonment is applied mostly to recidivists while guilty plea and remorse are the most common mitigating circumstances. Judges believe the mild sentences represent the right way to address domestic violence effectively.
Imagination and Emotion: a Forum
Authors: Barclay Katie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This introduction to the forum on imagination and emotion highlights the possibilities of attending to imagination within emotions scholarship. It draws attention to how a range of disciplines have articulated imagination, not least its weight in the Western tradition, where imagination is associated with visual imagery, and asks how the emotional turn might allow new questions to be asked of its nature. The introduction introduces the forum and briefly reflects on possible future directions.
Scenographic Aspects in a Story from the Kitāb al-Aġānī: the Encounter between Saǧāḥ and Musaylima
Authors: Cassarino Mirella 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The question of space – of its visualisation and representation in literature, as well as the movement of bodies within it – concerns not only the concrete, i.e., physical dimension, but also the symbolic and imaginary spheres. The aim of this paper is to examine spatial perspectives and their strategic function in a narrative from the Kitāb al-Aġānī by Abū l-Faraǧ al-Iṣfahānī (d. 967) concerning the story of the two false prophets, Saǧāḥ and Musaylima, who upon Muḥammad’s death contended for succession to the leadership of the community of believers. In the story, the specific mode of visualising places (not least the tent set up especially for the meeting between the two) contributes to a peculiar conceptualization of power and its heterotopias.
Bring Into Our Beloved South a New Heaven and a New Earth
Authors: Baker Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article posits a new frame for understanding Booker T. Washington’s sociopolitical philosophy: eschatology, a branch of theology concerned with the ultimate purpose or destiny of humanity. I argue that Washington was not solely an educator or political operative with a controversial program for the South; he was an eschatological visionary with a vision that competed and prevailed in the millennial marketplace that was Industrial America. Both black and white Southerners needed stories, and religious ones, to make sense of the chaotic Nadir and Progressive eras that had in many respects marginalized and left them behind. Washington responded to this need by taking the Exodus myth of his slave youth and combining it with mentor Samuel Armstrong’s philosophy and Henry Grady’s millennial chauvinism to produce a distinct African American eschatology. Viewing Washington’s lifework and thought through an eschatological framework enables us to better understand his controversial adamance on the place and function of black people in the American South, white people’s duty to them, and his vision for the future of the region, as well as understand the era in which he operated.
Deep learning enhanced transmembranous electromyography in the diagnosis of sleep apnea
Authors: Mandeville Ross , Sedghamiz Hooman , Mansfield Perry , Sheean Geoffrey , Studer Chris , Cordice Derrick , Ghanbari Ghodsieh , Malhotra Atul , Nemati Shamim , Koola Jejo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is widespread, under-recognized, and under-treated, impacting the health and quality of life for millions. The current gold standard for sleep apnea testing is based on the in-lab sleep study, which is costly, cumbersome, not readily available and represents a well-known roadblock to managing this huge societal burden. Assessment of neuromuscular function involved in the upper airway using electromyography (EMG) has shown potential to characterize and diagnose sleep apnea, while the development of transmembranous electromyography (tmEMG), a painless surface probe, has made this opportunity practical and highly feasible. However, experience and ability to interpret electrical signals from the upper airway are scarce, and much of the pertinent information within the signal is likely difficult to detect visually. To overcome this issue, we explored the use of transformers, a deep learning (DL) model architecture with attention mechanisms, to model tmEMG data and distinguish between electromyographic signals from a cohort of control, neurogenic, and sleep apnea patients. Our approach involved three strategies to train a generalizable model on a relatively small dataset including, (1) transfer learning using an audio spectral transformer (AST), (2) the use of 6,000 simulated EMG recordings, converted to spectrograms and using standard backpropagation for fine-tuning, and (3) application of regularization to prevent overfitting and enhance generalizability. This DL approach was tested using 177 transoral EMG recordings from a prior study’s database that included six healthy controls, five moderate to severe OSA patients, and five amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with evidence of bulbar involvement (neurogenic injury). Sensitivity and specificity for classifying neurogenic cases from controls were 98% and 73%, respectively, while classifying OSA from controls were 88% and 64%, respectively. Notably, by averaging the predicted probabilities of each segment for individual patients, the model correctly classified up to 82% of control and OSA patients. These results not only suggest a potential to diagnose OSA patients accurately, but also to identify OSA endotypes that involve neuromuscular pathology, which has major implications for clinical management, patient outcomes, and research.
Impact of smartphone addiction on health status, mental well-being, and sleep quality among medical students in Sudan
Authors: Amin Mohammed Hammad Jaber , Alhadi Hadia Abdelbagi , Mohamed Asma Eltayeb Abdalla , Yacoub Hiba Kamal Eldin Taha , Khalifa Rabeia MohammedAhmed Hassan , Dafallah Ibrahim Abusufian Elkabashi , Yasin Fatima Mohamed Osman , Taha Amira Mohamed , Adam Mohammed Yousif Abdalla , Abualabasher Majdy Osama 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Smartphone use has rapidly increased worldwide. It was estimated that worldwide use of smartphones surpassed 4.3 billion in 2023, which means 54% of the world's population now uses smartphones. However, research shows that excessive smartphone use poses health risks and decreases sleep quality, which can be detrimental for students. This study investigates the impact of problematic smartphone usage on health status, mental health, and sleep quality among medical students enrolled in Sudanese universities.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024, targeting medical students and recent graduates from Sudanese universities through an online survey. Data were collected using validated scales for smartphone addiction, sleep quality, suboptimal health status, and mental health. Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed using SPSS software v28.0.0.

Results
Out of 231 respondents (69% female, mean age 22.7), 67.6% exhibited high levels of smartphone addiction. Significant correlations were found between smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality (r = 0.462, p < 0.001), suboptimal health (r = 0.527, p < 0.001), and mental health issues (r = 0.365, p < 0.001). Single students had higher addiction and stress scores, while those living in Sudan showed higher suboptimal health scores.

Conclusions
Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is prevalent among Sudanese medical students, negatively affecting mental health and sleep.