bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fenestrated and Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair and Mortality at Hospitals Without Investigational Device Trials
Authors: Zettervall Sara L. , Dun Chen , Columbo Jesse A. , Mendes Bernardo C. , Goodney Phillip P. , Schanzer Andres , Schermerhorn Marc L. , Makary Martin A. , Black James H. , Hicks Caitlin W. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceFenestrated and branched endovascular aortic repairs (F/BEVAR) have been adopted by many centers. However, national trends of F/BEVAR use remain unclear, particularly at sites who perform them without an US Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA)–approved investigational device exemption (IDE).ObjectiveTo quantify the use of F/BEVAR in the US and to determine if mortality was different at IDE vs non-IDE sites.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study examined 100% fee-for-service Medicare claims data from 2016 to 2023. Participants were patients who underwent endovascular treatment of the visceral aorta incorporating 2 or more visceral artery endoprostheses. Hospitals with vs without an IDE were identified using hospitals’ Employer Identification Number as a time varying exposure.ExposureF/BEVAR.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTrends in the center-level F/BEVAR case volume stratified by IDE status were assessed using cumulative incidence curves. Mortality outcomes at 30 days and 3 years were compared using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for baseline patient characteristics.ResultsFrom 2016 to 2023, 8017 patients were treated with F/BEVAR at 549 hospitals. The median (IQR) age was 75.8 (71.3-80.8) years; 5795 patients (72.3%) were male and 2222 (27.7%) female. A total of 2226 F/BEVAR (27.8%) were performed at 22 hospitals with an IDE. The number of patients treated with F/BEVAR increased from 771 in 2016 to 1251 in 2023. The median (IQR) annual case volume per hospital was significantly higher at IDE sites (22.3 [11.0-30.4] vs 1.2 [1.0-2.0] cases/y; P &amp;lt; .001); 18 IDE sites (90.0%) and 20 non-IDE sites (3.7%) completed 9 or more cases per year. The 30-day mortality (3.0% vs 4.9%) but not 3-year mortality (26.0% vs 27.1%) was lower for patients treated at hospitals with vs without an IDE. After risk adjustment, both 30-day (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.69) and midterm mortality (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69-0.95) were lower for patients treated at IDE sites.Conclusions and RelevanceThe use of F/BEVAR is increasing across the United States, with the majority of cases being performed outside of IDE studies and at low-volume centers. F/BEVAR performed at non-IDE centers are associated with higher adjusted 30-day and midterm mortality. Transparent outcome reporting and identification of process measures from IDE sites may help achieve more equity in patient outcomes.
Anterior Gastropexy for Paraesophageal Hernia Repair
Authors: Petro Clayton C. , Ellis Ryan C. , Maskal Sara M. , Zolin Sam J. , Tu Chao , Costanzo Adele , Beffa Lucas R. A. , Krpata David M. , Alaedeen Diya , Prabhu Ajita S. , Miller Benjamin T. , Baier Kevin F. , Fathalizadeh Alisan , Rodriguez John , Rosen Michael J. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceParaesophageal hernias can cause severe limitations in quality of life and life-threatening complications. Even though minimally invasive paraesophageal hernia repair (MIS-PEHR) is safe and effective, anatomic recurrence rates remain notoriously high. Retrospective data suggest that suturing the stomach to the anterior abdominal wall after repair—an anterior gastropexy—may reduce recurrence, but this adjunct is currently not the standard of care.ObjectiveTo determine whether anterior gastropexy reduces 1-year recurrence after MIS-PEHR.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis registry-based randomized clinical trial was conducted by 10 surgeons at 3 academic hospitals within the Cleveland Clinic Enterprise. Between June 26, 2019, and July 24, 2023, 348 patients were assessed for eligibility, and 240 patients were enrolled and randomized. Statistical analysis was performed from January to March 2024.InterventionEnrolled patients were randomized to and received either an anterior gastropexy (n = 119) or no anterior gastropexy (n = 121).Main OutcomeThe primary outcome was recurrence as determined by reherniation of the stomach greater than 2 cm above the diaphragm on routine imaging at 1 year or reoperation. Secondary outcomes included quality of life as measured by the Gastroesophageal Reflux Health-Related Quality of Life survey, additional foregut symptom questionnaire, and patient satisfaction at 30 days and 1 year.ResultsA total of 240 patients were randomized to either anterior gastropexy (n = 119; 104 [97%] women; median [IQR] age, 70 [64-75] years) or no anterior gastropexy (n = 121; 97 [80%] women; median [IQR] age, 68 [62-73] years) at the end of their MIS-PEHR. At 1 year, 188 patients (78%) had completed follow-up. By intention-to-treat analysis, 1-year recurrence was significantly lower in patients who received an anterior gastropexy (15% vs 36%; risk difference, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.09-0.33]), which remained significant after risk-adjusted regression analysis (hazard ratio, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.23-0.60]). Of 13 reoperations (5.4%) for recurrence in the first year, 3 (2.5%) were in the anterior gastropexy group and 10 (8.2%) were in the no-gastropexy group (P = .052). Two patients (1.7%) had their anterior gastropexy sutures removed for pain. There were no significant differences in quality-of-life outcomes at 30 days and 1 year between treatment groups.Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial found that the addition of an anterior gastropexy to MIS-PEHR is superior to no gastropexy in regard to reducing 1-year paraesophageal hernia recurrence. These results suggest that an anterior gastropexy should be routinely used in the context of minimally invasive paraesophageal hernia repair.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04007952
The Difluoromethylation Protocols
Authors: Luo Qinyu , Ni Chuanfa , Gu Yucheng , Hu Jinbo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Difluoromethyl compounds have found increasingly important applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals due to the unique biological properties of the CF
2
H group. The past decade has witnessed the development of an impressive array of new reagents and strategies for efficient difluoromethylation. This review aims to summarize the state‐of‐the‐art advances in difluoromethylation according to the following four categories: electrophilic difluoromethylation, nucleophilic difluoromethylation, radical difluoromethylation, and transition‐metal mediated difluoromethylation.
19
F‐MRI: From Molecular Design to
In Vivo
Applications
Authors: Chirizzi Cristina , Dichiarante Valentina , Bombelli Francesca Baldelli , Metrangolo Pierangelo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Bioimaging is an essential tool for investigating biological processes and detecting disease biomarkers improving both diagnosis and therapy monitoring.
19
F‐Magnetic resonance imaging (
19
F‐MRI) has recently emerged as a powerful imaging technique with high translational potential to clinic enabling direct
in vivo
quantification without use of ionizing radiations. In fact, the lack of organic fluorine in living systems allows unambiguous quantitative detection of exogenous fluorinated probes as colored “hot spots” on the anatomical images obtained by conventional
1
H‐MRI protocols. If anatomical resolution is a strength, low sensitivity is a drawback of
19
F‐MRI, which requires the use of highly fluorinated contrast agents (CAs). Fluorinated CAs are twofold biorthogonal due to their innate chemical and biological inertness, linked to strong CF bonds, and to the total absence of endogenous organic fluorine. In this chapter, the main classes of
19
F‐MRI CAs, which are highly fluorinated molecules formulated with biocompatible emulsifiers, partially fluorinated amphiphilic polymers, and fluorinated inorganic nanoparticles, will be described highlighting how their chemical design is critical to achieve an effective
19
F‐MRI response. Moreover, for each class of compounds representative examples of the most important biomedical applications will be illustrated addressing the main challenges for their translation to clinic and possible future perspectives in different still unexplored fields.
Synthesis of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Fluorine Derivatives
Authors: Patel Calum , Pupo Gabriele , Gouverneur Véronique 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This chapter presents the landmark contributions and the main advances made in the last 20 years for the synthesis of aryl and heteroaryl fluorides. The installation of a single fluorine atom into a (hetero)aromatic scaffold can be achieved via two approaches, either the fluorination of a pre‐functionalized substrate or direct C(sp
2
)H fluorination, a classification adopted in this chapter. The first section presents at first the traditional fluorination routes from diazonium salts (Balz–Schiemann reaction), triazenes (Wallach reaction), and electron‐poor arenes (via nucleophilic aromatic substitution). This is followed by fluorination reactions from suitable pre‐functionalized precursors (halides, triflates, iodonium salts, stannanes, silanes, boronic acid, organo‐magnesium, and ‐lithium derivatives), deoxyfluorinating methodologies (from phenols), and contemporary transition metal catalysis protocols. Recent advances in decarboxylative fluorination of benzoic acids via photoredox catalysis and the fluorination of aryl thianthrenium salts are also discussed. The second section presents the most recent advances in C(sp
2
)H fluorinations using either electrophilic fluorine (F
+
) sources or nucleophilic fluoride (F
−
) in the presence of an oxidant.
Fluorine‐18 Radiochemistry for PET Imaging Applications—Fundamentals and Recent Advances
Authors: Siméon Fabrice G. , Telu Sanjay , Cai Lisheng , Lu Shuiyu , Pike Victor W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a major molecular imaging modality with prominent roles in biomedical research, medical diagnosis, and drug development. Underpinning the widespread utility of PET is extensive radiochemistry research on the development of PET radiotracers and efficient methods for their labeling in optimal molecular positions. Fluorine‐18 has gained importance for labeling PET radiotracers because of (i) favorable decay characteristics, including a half‐life of 109.8 min and a high rate of decay by relatively low energy positron emission (β
+
, 97%), (ii) an established capacity to produce this radioisotope in very high activity and molar activity from modern biomedical cyclotrons, and (iii) versatile radiochemistry that enables late‐stage incorporation of this radionuclide into radiotracers that range in size from small drug‐like molecules through to macromolecules. In this chapter, we survey this rapidly evolving area of fluorine‐18 radiochemistry with regard to its fundamentals and key advances in meeting the major challenges in PET radiotracer development.
Development of an automated CBCT‐based simulation‐free platform for expedited palliative radiotherapy on a conventional linear accelerator
Authors: Tegtmeier Riley C. , Clouser Edward L. , Chen Quan , Buckey Courtney R. , Chungbin Suzanne J. , Kutyreff Christopher J. , Aguilar Jose S. , Labbe Amber L. , Horning Brooke L. , Rule William G. , Vora Sujay A. , Rong Yi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundConventional approaches for emergent or expedited palliative radiotherapy (RT) involve the application of cumbersome vendor‐provided solutions and/or multiple patient appointments to complete the RT workflow within a compressed timeframe.PurposeThis report delineates the clinical development of an in‐house, semi‐automated Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT)‐based simulation‐free platform for expedited palliative RT on conventional linacs, intended to supplant existing techniques employed at this institution.MethodsThe internal software, termed SimFree Wizard (SFW), was engineered utilizing a C#‐based application programming interface integrated within the treatment planning system (TPS). Generated scripts were compiled as stand‐alone executables, with a graphical user interface (GUI) customized via an integrated development environment. The platform was conceived as a framework for accelerated CBCT‐based RT, bypassing the requirement for standard simulation imaging. SFW employs full automation where feasible to minimize user intervention, supplemented by graphical instructions for tasks requiring manual execution. During development, relevant temporal metrics from 10 end‐to‐end tests for palliative spine RT were quantified. User feedback was solicited via a simple questionnaire assessing the overall platform usability. Automated in‐house secondary verification software was developed for validation of the TPS‐calculated monitor units (MUs).ResultsThe mean duration for workflow execution was 41:42 ± 3:18 [mm:ss] (range ∼37–46 min). SFW satisfactorily generated simple, multi‐field CBCT‐based 3D treatment plans within seconds following delineation of the desired treatment area. User feedback indicated enhanced usability compared to previously employed solutions. Validation of the secondary verification software demonstrated accurate results for palliative spine RT and other simple cases wherein the dose calculation point resides in a predominantly homogenous medium.ConclusionA novel in‐house solution for expedited CBCT‐based RT was successfully developed, facilitating completion of the entire workflow within approximately 1‐hour or less for simple palliative/emergent scenarios. Overall, this application is expected to improve the quality and safety of palliative RT while greatly reducing workflow duration, thereby improving access to palliative care.
A Stemness‐Enhanced Eye Drop Stimulates Corneal Regeneration via Sustained Release of Versican and Providing Lubricated Substrate
Authors: Li Shiding , Zhang Siyi , Fang Fei , Bai Jinjie , Sun Hao , Chen Liangbo , Fu Yao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStem cells are vital for tissue regeneration, and their dysfunction can lead to diseases like aplastic anemia and Alzheimer's disease. Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) maintain corneal transparency as the sole source of corneal epithelium. Dysfunction or deficiency of LESCs causes corneal opacity, neovascularization or corneal blindness, known as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Current LSCD treatment mainly relies on stem cell transplantation, which faces challenges like limited cell sources and immune rejection, making therapy challenging and often ineffective. This study introduces a cell‐free, stemness‐enhanced eye drop (SEED@) to stimulate autologous LESCs regeneration. SEED@, a thermosensitive Pluronic F‐127 hydrogel loaded with versican, can promote LESCs proliferation, chemotaxis, and migration while maintaining their stemness via the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. In vivo, Pluronic F‐127 alone can lubricate the cornea and promote corneal epithelial repair in mouse corneal alkali burn model. In addition, SEED@ forms a thin, transparent layer on the ocular surface, enabling sustained versican release for up to 24 h. Notably, twice‐daily application of SEED@ significantly accelerated corneal regeneration in a rabbit LSCD model, achieving approximately 95% corneal epithelial repair by day 14. Collectively, SEED@ shows great potential for treating LSCD and offers a promising drug delivery platform for ocular diseases.
Ultrathin Graphene Oxide Nanoribbon Networks as Architects of Enhanced Performance in Polyamide‐Based Nanofiltration Membranes
Authors: Zarshenas Kiyoumars , Habibpour Saeed , Salestan Saeed Khoshhal , Dou Haozhen , Sadrzadeh Mohtada , Rahimpour Ahmad , Pope Michael A. , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCustomized architecture and chemistry play a pivotal role in conferring exceptional permeability and selectivity to polyamide (PA) membranes for desalination and ionic separation. Herein, a new interfacial polymerization (IP) template, the ultrathin graphene oxide nanoribbon (GONR) networks, is developed to meet the need for minimizing the funnel effect and mediating the IP reaction toward a highly permeable and selective membrane. The coated GONR template efficiently represents the gutter layer role and regulates the adsorption and transport of amine monomers at the GONR interface, which is studied by molecular simulation as well. The structure, electrostatic interaction, capillary rise, and nanoconfinement of the IP template are manipulated by different GONR loadings to optimize the membrane structure. The optimized GONR loading at 0.02 g m−2 results in a hybrid layered GONR/PA‐thin‐film‐composite nanofiltration membrane with nanostrip crumpled structure beyond the PA context, ultrathin 15 nm PA nanofilm, 80% cross‐linking degree, and narrow pore size distribution. The membrane passes the upper bound trade‐off with a permeance of 21.3 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and a remarkable rejection of 98% for Na2SO4. This research offers a fresh perspective on comprehensively understanding the role of the IP template in creating a desired membrane for efficient desalination and ionic separation.
Direct Crystallographic Observation of Obvious Structural Deformation in a Lead Halide Framework Induced by Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Chen Xinfeng , Deng Quanzheng , Wang Shi , Chen Yichong , Li Yukong , Dan Wenyan , Liu Yang , Wu Yi‐nan , Han Lu , Fei Honghan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHost–guest chemistry represents a prominent field within many inorganic solids, where the host entity typically retains its original lattice. The hybrid composition and soft lattice of organolead halides make their structural changes and optical properties highly sensitive to host–guest interactions, distinguishing them from conventional inorganic solids. Herein, 3D electron diffraction tomography, an advanced crystallographic technique, is employed to observe the pronounced structural deformation of the lead bromide layers upon the cleavage of coordinated solvent molecules, which renders a coordination unsaturated side for the activated Pb2+ sites. Moreover, the structural transmutation induced by this process leads to a significant enhancement and red‐shift in self‐trapped emission, which is analyzed in‐depth using a variety of photophysical studies. More importantly, the activated Pb2+ centers are able to re‐coordinate with the environmental N,N‐dimethylformamide vapors in a selective and reversible manner, highlighting high application potentials in multilevel information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting.
Structured Polymers Enable the Sustained Delivery of Glucocorticoids within the Intra‐Articular Space
Authors: Crastin Ana , Martin Claire S. , Suresh Sai , Davies Scott P. , Kearns Daniel , Parlak Ahsen , Adcock Holly , Filer Andrew , Jones Simon W. , Raza Karim , Moakes Richard JA , Grover Liam M. , Hardy Rowan S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntra‐articular glucocorticoid injections are effective in controlling inflammation and pain in arthritides but restricted by short duration of action and risk of joint degeneration. Controlled drug release using biocompatible hydrogels offers a unique solution, but limitations of in situ gelation restrict their application. Gellan sheared hydrogels (GSHs) retain the advantages of hydrogels, however their unique microstructures lend themselves to intra‐articular application – capable of shear thinning under force but restructuring at rest to enhance residence. This study examined GSHs for extended intra‐articular glucocorticoid delivery of prednisolone (10 mg mL−1); demonstrating links between material mechanics, steroid release, and preclinical assessment of efficacy in synoviocyte culture and transgenic(TNF)197Gkl (TNFtg) murine model of arthritis. GSHs demonstrated sustained release, with typical Fickian profiles over 18 days. Moreover, systems showed good stability under extended culture, with inherent cell‐compatibility and suppression of inflammatory synoviocyte activation. In TNFtg animals, GSHs suppressed synovitis (70.08%, p < 0.05), pannus formation (45.01%, p < 0.05), and increased articular cartilage (82.23%, p < 0.05) relative to vehicle controls. The extended profile of steroid release from injectable GSH formulations holds promise in the treatment and management of inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, representing a step‐change in intra‐articular drug delivery to suppress long‐term joint inflammation.
Rethinking Biomedical Titanium Alloy Design: A Review of Challenges from Biological and Manufacturing Perspectives
Authors: Rabbitt Daisy , Villapún Victor M. , Carter Luke N. , Man Kenny , Lowther Morgan , O'Kelly Paraic , Knowles Alexander J. , Mottura Alessandro , Tang Yuanbo T. , Luerti Lorenzo , Reed Roger C. , Cox Sophie C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCurrent biomedical titanium alloys have been repurposed from other industries, which has contributed to several biologically driven implant failure mechanisms. This review highlights the added value that may be gained by building an appreciation of implant biological responses at the onset of alloy design. Specifically, the fundamental mechanisms associated with immune response, angiogenesis, osseointegration and the potential threat of infection are discussed, including how elemental selection can modulate these pivotal systems. With a view to expedite inclusion of these interactions in alloy design criteria, methods to analyze these performance characteristics are also summarized. While machine learning techniques are being increasingly used to unearth complex relationships between alloying elements and material properties, much is still unknown about the correlation between composition and some bio‐related properties. To bridge this gap, high‐throughput methods are also reviewed to validate biological response along with cutting edge manufacturing approaches that may support rapid discovery. Taken together, this review encourages the alloy development community to rethink their approach to enable a new generation of biomedical implants intrinsically designed for a life in the body, including functionality to tackle biological challenges thereby offering improved patient outcomes.
Scintillating Glass Fiber Arrays Enable Remote Radiation Detection and Pixelated Imaging
Authors: Huang Xiongjian , Le Yakun , Zhang Hao , Yin Bozhao , Guo Qianyi , Xiao Xiudi , Liu Xiaofeng , Xia Zhiguo , Qiu Jianrong , Yang Zhongmin , Dong Guoping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe emerging metal halide perovskites are challenging the traditional scintillators in the field of radiation detection and radiography. However, they lack the capability for remote and real‐time radiation monitoring and imaging in confined and hostile conditions. To address this issue, details on an inorganic scintillating glass fiber incorporating perovskite quantum dots (QDs) as highly efficient pixelated radiation emitters are reported, while the glass fibers themselves serve at the same time as low‐loss waveguides, enabling long‐distance and underwater X‐ray detection. The multi‐color emissions and controllable radiation sensitivities endow CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) QD scintillating glass fibers with the potential as wearable and visualized radiation indicators. Furthermore, these scintillating glass fibers can be regularly arranged into a fiber array plate with a thickness of 7.5 mm to enhance X‐ray absorption for X‐ray imaging. Leveraging the light‐guiding character of glass fibers, a 5 × 5 fiber array with fiber lengths up to 11 cm has demonstrated the potential of remote pixelated X‐ray imaging. This study offers a novel platform for the development of remote detectors and imagers for X‐ray radiation.