bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politiques publiques 3
Authors: Le Divellec Armel 
Published: March 2021

Résumé La présidence Sarkozy a été marquée par une tentative inaboutie pour rationaliser formellement le système de gouvernement présidentialiste : initialement conçue pour ancrer, accentuer et « moderniser » ce dernier, l’importante révision constitutionnelle de juillet 2008 n’a toutefois guère modifié l’équilibre général du système, ni les contours de la présidence de la République en particulier ; elle a plutôt renforcé, modestement, les conditions de contrôle de l’exécutif. Par ailleurs, le mandat de Nicolas Sarkozy a donné lieu, par les pratiques, à une expérience inédite de rationalisation informelle du présidentialisme. Engagée en bousculant parfois les formes du système constitutionnel, cette tentative s’est toutefois heurtée aux contraintes structurelles de la logique parlementaire de la Constitution française, qui ont forcé Nicolas Sarkozy à revenir à un exercice plus modéré de la fonction présidentielle. Au plan institutionnel, la rupture paraît finalement aléatoire.
La politique au fil de l'âge
Authors: de Gaulejac Vincent 
Published: March 2021

Résumé Le rapport entre l’âge et la politique suppose d’approfondir l’analyse des croyances et des engagements dans l’histoire de vie, ses mutations au cours de l’existence et les influences du contexte sociopolitique sur les choix idéologiques. La trajectoire de vie façonne les croyances, les idéaux, les valeurs et les engagements. Jusque dans les années 1960, le poids de l’identité héritée, des origines sociales, de l’héritage idéologique de la famille a été le déterminant essentiel. La reproduction du système de valeur familial était la norme. Les ruptures étaient singulières. Qu’en est-il aujourd’hui ? Le rapport à la politique devient-il flottant à mesure que la société devient « liquide » ? Ce chapitre propose d’explorer les effets d’âge et de contexte dans les choix idéologiques pour les jeunes quadragénaires, à partir d’un récit de vie singulier qui illustre le vécu de toute une génération. La quarantaine est un moment charnière. Il représente la maturité, l’installation dans une existence consolidée qui permet un certain recul, mais, en même temps, au vu de l’allongement de l’espérance de vie, il est également le moment d’un questionnement existentiel à partir duquel l’individu cherche à se poser en sujet de son histoire.
La politique d’accueil des Spätaussiedler dans l’histoire migratoire de l’Allemagne après 1945
Authors: Panagiotidis Jannis 
Published: March 2021

Cet article analyse la politique d’accueil des Spätaussiedler , « chaînon manquant » entre la politique d’intégration des expulsés allemands de l’immédiat après-guerre et le régime d’intégration actuel. Les Spätaussiedler , en tant qu’Allemands, ont bénéficié des mesures d’intégration propres aux expulsés ; pourtant, leurs besoins étaient semblables à ceux d’immigrés « étrangers ». L’État ouest-allemand a ainsi, dès la fin des années 1960, développé à leur encontre des programmes d’intégration spécifiques, à une époque où le discours politique supposait que les travailleurs immigrés, destinés à retourner dans leurs pays, n’auraient pas besoin de s’intégrer. Les mesures créées pour ces immigrés allemands sont donc constitutives de la généalogie du régime d’intégration actuel.
Standard Weight Equation for Brook Trout in Southern Appalachian Mountains Streams
Authors: Harris Audrey C. , Hanks R. Daniel , Rash Jacob M. , Goodfred David W. , Kanno Yoichiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBrook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in southern Appalachian Mountains streams of the United States occur at the southernmost portion of their native range, and occupy small, isolated, and low-productivity headwater streams. The existing standard weight (Ws) equation is applicable only to Brook Trout &gt; 120 mm total length (TL), but many individuals in the region are smaller than this minimum size threshold due to their habitat characteristics. Here, we developed a new Ws equation for Brook Trout in southern Appalachian Mountains streams using length–weight data on 72,502 individuals. The weighted quadratic empirical-percentile method minimized length-related bias in relative weight compared to the regression-line-percentile and weighted linear empirical-percentile methods. The proposed Ws equation was: log10W = −3.364 + 1.378 × log10L + 0.397 × (log10L)2, where W was weight (g) and L was TL (mm). The new equation characterized body condition of Brook Trout in southern Appalachian Mountains streams more accurately than the existing equation.
PENGEMBANGAN DAN PENATAAN REKREASI WISATA ALAM AIR TERJUN TUKAD CEPUNG
Authors: I Putu Widiarsana  
Published: March 2021

Rekreasi Wisata Alam Air Terjun Tukad Cepung merupakan destinasi wisata alam yang dalam beberapa tahun terakhir dari segi kunjungan mengalami peningkatan yang sangat pesat, pada tahun 2016 jumlah kunjungan mencapai 18,754 wisatawan dan tahun 2017 mencapai 31,636 wisatawan. Namun perkembangan tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan peningkatan fasilitas yang ada, kondisi fasilitas saat ini tidak tertata dengan baik dan masih sangat minim untuk dapat mengimbangi jumlah kunjungan tersebut, sehingga pengembangan dan penataan fasilitas pada Rekreasi Wisata Alam Air Terjun Tukad Cepung sangat diperlukan.
Dari uraian di atas dapat diambil rumusan masalah sebagai berikut. Bagaimana konsep Pengembangan dan Penataan Rekreasi Wisata Alam Air Terjun Tukad Cepung? Fasilitas apa saja yang dibutuhkan pada Rekreasi Wisata Alam Air Terjun Tukad Cepung?
Dalam Pengembangan dan Penataan Rekreasi Wisata Alam Air Terjun Tukad Cepung, konsep dasar yang diterapkan pada Pengembangan dan Penataan Rekreasi Wisata Alam Air Terjun Tukad Cepung adalah Rekreatif dan Nyaman. Sedangkan tema yang akan diterapkan yaitu Green Architecture, Green Architecture atau Arsitektur Hijau adalah arsitektur yang minim mengonsumsi sumber daya alam, ternasuk energi, air, dan material, serta tidak menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Tema ini ditentukan berdasarkan beberapa pendekatan yaitu: pendekatan fungsional, pendekatan iklim dan lingkungan dan pendekatan latar belakang budaya.
Konsep Pengembangan dan Penaataan Rekreasi Wisata Alam Air Terjun Tukad Cepung terdiri dari konsep zoning, bentuk dan massa bangunan, sirkulasi dan parkir, jalur pejalan kaki, ruang terbuka dan penanda.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM (PDAM) KABUPATEN MAJENE
Authors: Siswanto Heru 
Published: March 2021

Penulis melakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai, Kompetensi menganalisis pengaruh Kompetensi terhadap kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor PDAM Kabupaten Majene dan menggunakan populasi sampel keseluruhan pegawai dengan jumlah 36 pegawai dan metode pengumpulan data salah satunya menggunakan metode wawancara serta analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis data Regresi Berganda untuk mengetahui apakah berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Pegawai tersebut.
Kompensasi adalah semua pendapatan yang berbentuk uang, barang langsung atau tidak langsung yang diterima Pegawai sebagai imbalan atas jasa yang diberikan kepada Kantor (Malayu S.P. Hasibuan, 2012 : 54), Kompetensi merupakan salah satu jenis kemampuan yang mutlak perlu dikuasai Pegawai. Kompetensi pada dasarnya adalah kemampuan Pegawai dalam mengelola aktivitas pegawai. Kompetensi merupakan kompetensi khas, yang akan membedakan Pegawai dengan profesi lainnya dan akan menentukan tingkat keberhasilan proses dan hasil aktivitas pegawainya. Kinerja merupakan suatu fungsi dari Kompetensi dan kemampuan untuk menyelesaikan tugas atau pekerjaan. Seseorang sepatutnya memiliki derajat kesediaan dan tingkat kemampuan tertentu. Kesediaan dan keterampilan seseorang tidaklah cukup efektif untuk mengerjakan sesuatu tanpa pemahaman yang jelas tentang apa yang akan dikerjakan dan bagaimana mengerjakan.
Adapun hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian penulis antaralain Kompensasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kabupaten Majene., Kompetensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kabupaten Majene, Kompensasi lebih berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kabupaten Majene.
Os estrangeiros e sua situação jurídica no Brasil
Authors: Santos Jr. Belisário dos 
Published: March 2021

O mundo começa a ficar cada vez menor. As barreiras da nacionalidade são frágeis para conter a expansão das grandes corporações ou os fenômenos regionais de integração econômica e social e os processos migratórios que podem acompanhá-los. A queda do Muro de Berlim, o fenômeno da unificação econômica e jurídica da Europa e as tratativas em torno de um mercado latino-americano exigem um repensar sobre o conceito de “estrangeiros” e sua regulação pelo direito. Historicamente, apenas razões de extrema importância conduziram a alterações legais nesse tema. [...]
Injectable In Situ Induced Robust Hydrogel for Photothermal Therapy and Bone Fracture Repair
Authors: Liu Bin , Gu Xinquan , Sun Qiannan , Jiang Shengjie , Sun Jing , Liu Kai , Wang Fan , Wei Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMalignant bone tumors are often accompanied by osteolytic destruction and severe pathological fractures. Current therapeutic strategies can largely inhibit tumor proliferation, but the high recurrence rate of tumors and related bone defects remain a significant challenge. This study aims to address these issues by developing a novel near‐infrared (NIR) light‐responsive and a mechanically strong hydrogel that offers excellent photothermal tumor therapy and bone fracture repair capabilities. The as‐prepared hydrogel exhibits good biocompatibility and an ultra‐strong photothermal effect due to the formation of a complex network with up‐conversion lanthanide‐Au hybrid nanoparticles and alginate molecules. A subcutaneous tumor model is used to demonstrate that tumors can be efficiently eradicated via local photothermal treatment, where there is no tumor recurrence within the observation period. Moreover, the injected hydrogel becomes mechanically strong due to in situ Ca2+ crosslinking, which provides a supportive matrix to promote the repair of bone defects via stabilization of the fractured bone structure. The high photothermal effect and robust support offered by this single material demonstrate the potential of using the proposed hydrogel for the simultaneous treatment of bone tumor removal and bone healing.
Combinatory Delivery of Etoposide and siCD47 in a Lipid Polymer Hybrid Delays Lung Tumor Growth in an Experimental Melanoma Lung Metastatic Model
Authors: Abdel‐Bar Hend Mohamed , Walters Adam A. , Wang Julie Tzu‐Wen , Al‐Jamal Khuloud T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the feasibility of lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPH) as a platform for the combinatorial delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and etoposide (Eto). Different Eto loaded LPH formulations (LPH Eto) are prepared. The optimized cationic LPH Eto with a particle size of 109.66 ± 5.17 nm and Eto entrapment efficiency (EE %) of 80.33 ± 2.55 is used to incorporate siRNA targeting CD47 (siCD47), a do not eat me marker on the surface of cancer cells. The siRNA‐encapsulating LPH (LPH siNEG‐Eto) has a particle size of 115.9 ± 4.11 nm and siRNA EE % of 63.54 ± 4.36 %. LPHs improved the cellular uptake of siRNA in a dose‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. Enhanced cytotoxicity (3.8‐fold higher than Eto solution) and high siRNA transfection efficiency (≈50 %) are obtained. An in vivo biodistribution study showed a preferential uptake of the nanosystem into lung, liver, and spleen. In an experimental pseudo‐metastatic B16F10 lung tumor model, a superior therapeutic outcome can be observed in mice treated with combinatory therapy. Immunological studies revealed elevated CD4+, CD8+ cells, and macrophages in the lung following combinatory treatment. The study suggests the potential of the current system for combinatory chemotherapy and immunotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer or lung metastasis.
The risk of dementia after coronary artery bypass grafting in relation to age and sex
Authors: Giang Kok Wai , Jeppsson Anders , Karlsson Martin , Hansson Emma C. , Pivodic Aldina , Skoog Ingmar , Lindgren Martin , Nielsen Susanne J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe examined the long‐term risk of dementia after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in relation to age and sex.MethodsAll CABG patients in Sweden 1992–2015 (n = 111,335), and matched controls (n = 222,396) were included in a population‐based study. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for all‐cause dementia, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease were calculated.ResultsThere was no difference in the risk for all‐cause dementia between CABG patients and control subjects (aHR 0.98 [95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.02]). CABG patients <65 years and 65 to 74 years had higher risk (aHR 1.29 [1.17–1.42] and 1.08 [1.02–1.13], respectively), and patients ≥75 years had lower risk (aHR 0.76 [0.71–0.81]). The highest risk was observed in women <65 years (aHR 1.64 [1.31–2.05]).DiscussionOverall, the long‐term risk for all‐cause dementia does not differ between CABG patients and the general population. Younger patients have a higher risk, while older patients have a lower risk, compared to controls.
Association between insurance status and in‐hospital outcomes in patients with out‐of‐hospital ventricular fibrillation arrest
Authors: Pancholy Samir B. , Patel Gaurav A. , Patel Dhara D. , Patel Neil , Pancholy Shivam A. , Patel Purveshkumar , Thomas‐Hemak Linda , Patel Tejas M. , Callans David J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLack of health insurance is associated with adverse clinical outcomes; however, the association between health insurance status and in‐hospital outcomes after out‐of‐hospital ventricular fibrillation (OHVFA) arrest is unclear.HypothesisLack of health insurance is associated with worse in‐hospital outcomes after out‐of‐hospital ventricular fibrillation arrest.MethodsFrom January 2003 to December 2014, hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of OHVFA in patients ≥18 years of age were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients were categorized into insured and uninsured groups based on their documented health insurance status. Study outcome measures were in‐hospital mortality, utilization of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), and cost of hospitalization. Inverse probability weighting adjusted binary logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality and ICD utilization and linear regression was performed to identify independent predictors of cost of hospitalization.ResultsOf 188 946 patients included in the final analyses, 178 005 (94.2%) patients were insured and 10 941 (5.8%) patients were uninsured. Unadjusted in‐hospital mortality was higher (61.7% vs. 54.7%, p < .001) and ICD utilization was lower (15.3% vs. 18.3%, p < .001) in the uninsured patients. Lack of health insurance was independently associated with higher in‐hospital mortality (O.R = 1.53, 95% C.I. [1.46–1.61]; p < .001) and lower utilization of ICD (O.R = 0.84, 95% C.I [0.79–0.90], p < .001). Cost of hospitalization was significantly higher in uninsured patients (median [interquartile range], p‐value) ($) (39 650 [18 034‐93 399] vs. 35 965 [14 568.50‐96 163], p < .001).ConclusionLack of health insurance is associated with higher in‐hospital mortality, lower utilization of ICD and higher cost of hospitalization after OHVFA.
Study of Coulomb collisional effects on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a turbulent plasma
Authors: Khodadadi Azadboni Fatemeh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe presence of Weibel instability in laser‐irradiated fuel could be detrimental to the process of ablative implosion, which is necessary for achieving thermonuclear fusion reactions. In this paper, the effect of the Coulomb collisional within the turbulent plasma on the Weibel instability growth rate has been investigated for linear and circular polarization. The results indicate that the Weibel instability growth rate at circular polarization near the ignition centre of the fuel fusion (collisional plasma) is about 105 times higher than the collisional Weibel instability growth rate at linear polarization. The Weibel instability growth rate is observed near the critical density of the fuel fusion (collisionless plasma) at linear polarization and enhancement near the foot of the heat in front of the fuel fusion. By increasing the steps of the density gradient plasma in the low‐density corona, electromagnetic instability occurs at a higher stress flow. Therefore, the deposition condition of electron beam energy in circular polarization of turbulent plasma can be shifted to the fuel core for suitable ignition.
Dynamics of ion‐acoustic rogue waves in electron‐positron‐ion magneto‐plasmas
Authors: Haque M. N. , Mannan A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA more general and realistic four‐component magnetized plasma medium consisting of opposite polarity ions and nonthermal distributed positrons and electrons is considered to investigate the stable/unstable frequency regimes of modulated ion‐acoustic waves (IAWs) in the D‐F regions of Earth's ionosphere. A (3 + 1)‐dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which leads to the modulation instability (MI) of IAWs, is derived. The parametric regimes for the existence of the MI, first‐ and second‐order rogue waves, and also their basic features (viz., amplitude, width, and speed) are found to be significantly modified by the effect of physical plasma parameters and external magnetic field. It is found that the nonlinearity of the different types of electronegative plasma system depends on the positive to negative ion mass ratio. It is also shown that the presence of nonthermal distributed electrons and positrons modifies the nature of the MI of the modulated IAWs. The implication of our results for the laboratory plasma [e.g., (Ar+, F−) electronegative plasma] and space plasma [e.g., (H+, H−), () electronegative plasma in D‐F regions of Earth's ionosphere] are briefly discussed.
Eight MeV per charge state from 300 ps laser ion acceleration by using micrometric foils
Authors: Torrisi Lorenzo , Cutroneo Mariapompea , Torrisi Alfio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProton acceleration using high‐intensity laser pulses, at 1016 W/cm2 was studied irradiating different types of thin metal and plastic targets having 1‐micron thickness. The maximization of the proton energy process was investigated optimizing the laser parameters, the irradiation conditions and the target properties. Employing 600–700 J laser pulse energy, a focalization inducing self‐focusing effects and using targets with optimized thickness, it was possible to accelerate protons up to energies of above 8 MeV. The time‐of‐flight diagnostics has allowed to monitor the plasma properties and to control the ion acceleration process.
The all‐on‐4 concept in the maxilla–A biomechanical analysis involving high performance polymers
Authors: Ahmadi Arozo , Dörsam Istabrak , Stark Helmut , Hersey Silke , Bourauel Christoph , Keilig Ludger 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA finite element analysis was used to determine the loading behavior of a full “All‐on‐4” bridge in the maxilla made from different framework materials. The model was generated based on data from an edentulous maxilla. Four implants were positioned according to the All‐on‐4 concept and a full arch restoration was created on top of the implants. Separate thrust dies were modeled directly above each of the units of the bridge. Forces of 500 N were applied to each thrust die separately. Simulations were repeated with the following variations and results were compared to determine the influence of each variation: point of force application (from tooth 16 to 26), framework material (high performance polymer HPP, titanium Ti, cobalt chromium CoCr), and healing state of the bone/implant interface. Depending on the point of force application, the bone below the HPP framework showed increased stresses (median: 180 MPa at 13) compared to the CoCr and Ti frameworks (110 MPa at 16) under immediate loading. After osseointegration, the framework material had no obvious influence on the stresses in the bone. In the osseointegrated state, maximum stresses are decreased by the tenfold. Stresses in the framework were clearly decreased with HPP compared to CoCr and Ti (75, 125, 115 MPa). Loading the anterior teeth induced higher stresses than loading the molar region due to torsional deformation. This effect increased with decreasing framework material stiffness. The framework stiffness had less distinct influence on the stresses in the restoration than the point of force application.
Time interval between E and E′ waves can predict complicated clinical course in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Acar Emrah , Kilicgedik Alev , Izci Servet , Inanir Mehmet , Yilmaz Mehmet Fatih , Gokce Mustafa , Izgi Ibrahim Akin , Kirma Cevat 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeAcute pulmonary embolism is a life‐threatening cardiothoracic emergency leading to right ventricle systolic and diastolic dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated the right ventricle diastolic function and its predictive value in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.Material and methodsWere prospectively recruited in this study 621 patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism between December 2015 and June 2019. Among them, 173 were excluded, leaving 448 patients for follow‐up. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed for the evaluation of the right ventricle systolic and diastolic indices. At 30‐day follow‐up, the patients were allocated either into the benign or in the complicated clinical course group.ResultsThe group with complicated clinical course had higher value of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), right/left ventricle diameter ratio, E‐wave velocity, E/A ratio, A′ wave velocity, E/E′ ratio, and time interval between E and E′ waves (P < .05), but lower values of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, A‐wave velocity, isovolumetric relaxation time, deceleration time, E′, and E′/A′ (P < .05). Complicated clinical course was associated with shorter isovolumetric relaxation time (r = .564,P < .001), E/E′ (r = .495,P < .001), and TE‐E′ (r = .596,P < .001). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that TE‐E′ had the largest area under curve (TE‐E′ 0.82, IVRT 0.77, E/E′ 0.72). A cut‐off value of TE‐E′ = 70 milliseconds had an 81.1% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity for the prediction of the complicated clinical course.ConclusionThe assessment of the right ventricle diastolic function could predict the complicated clinical course in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.