bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective synchronization of two-layer Kuramoto-oscillator network with different architectures
Authors: Wang Kekai , Wang Xiaofeng , Wu Jie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The topic of multi-layer networks has received considerable attention in recent years. However, most existing studies are based on idealized assumptions, such as identical type of intra-layer topologies and one-to-one inter-layer connections, which fail to reflect the heterogeneity and flexibility observed in real-world networks like brain neural activities and power grids. To address these limitations, this study investigates the synchronization dynamics of a two-layer Kuramoto network with distinct topologies, unequal node counts, and flexible random inter-layer connections. Using numerical simulations, we analyze how structural asymmetries and flexible inter-layer connections influence synchronization. Our findings reveal that: (1) for identical type of network topologies, the layer with more nodes is less influenced by the other layer as coupling strength increases; (2) distinct network topologies show different synchronization rates; (3) when the number of nodes in one layer is fixed and in the other increases (with the layer having more nodes randomly connecting to the layer with fewer nodes), the layer with fewer nodes synchronizes more easily, while partial synchronization occurs in the other layer, in the inter-layer connections, and across the entire network; (4) the difference in node counts in two-layer networks can facilitate synchronization.
DBI-essence inflation in loop quantum cosmology: warm intermediate and logamediate scenarios
Authors: Sarkar Subhajit , Sardar Alok , Debnath Ujjal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work examines the DBI-essence dark energy model, focusing on intermediate and logamediate warm inflation within the framework of Loop Quantum Cosmology. The model considers both constant dissipative coefficient (Γ0) and variable dissipative coefficient (Γ1
V(ϕ)) in both the intermediate inflation and logamediate inflation scenarios. Our analysis uses the slow-roll condition to derive the DBI-essence field ϕ(t), e-folds N(t), and the DBI-essence potential V(t), and calculates the first two slow-roll Hubble parameters ε(t) and η(t). Graphic representations have been used to evaluate the model's stability. We also obtain the primordial perturbation spectrums for this scenario using the slow-roll approximation and the longitudinal gauge. We also provide universal formulations for the tensor-scalar ratio, scalar spectral index, and their running.
A Search for Self-lensing Binaries with TESS and Constraints on their Occurrence Rate
Authors: Yamaguchi Natsuko , El-Badry Kareem , Sorabella Nicholas M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Five self-lensing binaries (SLBs) have been discovered with Kepler light curves. They contain white dwarfs (WDs) in AU-scale orbits that gravitationally lens solar-type companions. Forming SLBs likely requires common envelope evolution when the WD progenitor is an AGB star and has a weakly bound envelope. No SLBs have yet been discovered with data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which observes far more stars than Kepler did. Identifying self-lensing in TESS data is made challenging by the fact that TESS only observes most stars for ∼25 days at a time, so only a single lensing event will be observed for typical SLBs. TESS’s smaller aperture also makes it sensitive only to SLBs a factor of ∼100 brighter than those to which Kepler is sensitive. We demonstrate that TESS has nevertheless likely already observed ∼4 times more detectable SLBs than Kepler. We describe a search for non-repeating self-lensing signals in TESS light curves and present preliminary candidates for which spectroscopic follow-up is ongoing. We calculate the sensitivity of our search with injection and recovery tests on TESS and Kepler light curves. Based on the 5 SLBs discovered with Kepler light curves, we estimate that (1.1 ± 0.6)% of solar-type stars are orbited by WDs with periods of 100–1000 days. This implies a space density of AU-scale WD + main sequence (MS) binaries a factor of 20–100 larger than that of astrometrically identified WD + MS binaries with orbits in Gaia DR3. We conclude that the Gaia sample is still quite incomplete, mainly because WD + MS binaries can only be unambiguously identified as such for high mass ratios.
The simulation of ELM control by the advanced divertor configuration in EAST
Authors: Li Y.L. , Xia T.Y. , Luo Z.P. , Yu Q.Z. , Mao S.F. , Gui B. , He X.X. , Qi H.M. , Xie P.C. , Ye M.Y. ,   the EAST team
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Edge localized modes (ELMs) are effectively suppressed in the ‘quasi-snowflake’ (QSF) divertor discharges, which has been observed in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). To obtain the physical mechanism of ELM suppression, the numerical simulations are carried out using the BOUT++ turbulence model. The simulations reveal that the large local magnetic shear near the outer mid-plane (OMP) induced by QSF divertor plays a key role in the ELM suppression. Using the EFIT code, a series of plasma equilibria with different 2nd X-points and nearly fixed last closed flux surfaces (LCFSs) are generated to analyze the effects of the different magnetic configurations on ELMs. Here we mainly discuss the standard single-null (SN), snowflake plus (SF+), and snowflake minus (SF-) divertors. The simulation results indicate that: (1) for linear instability, compared to SN, SF+ is more unstable, while SF- is more stable. Essentially, the local magnetic shear formed by different divertor geometries can alter the growth rate of the peeling-ballooning (P-B) mode. Through statistical analysis, there is an inverse correlation between the strength of local magnetic shear and the growth rate of P-B mode; (2) for ELM energy loss, SN is 4.60%, SF+ is 7.50%, and SF- is 0.35%. The SF+ divertor triggers a larger ELM, which is consistent with the TCV experiments; while the SF- divertor reduces the ELM amplitude, which is similar to the QSF experiments in EAST. Further analysis shows that the Reynolds stress determines the ELM size under different divertor configurations. The Reynolds stress can redistribute energy to fluctuations and cause the growth of low-n modes. What’s more, the SF- divertor not only suppresses the radial transport, but also has large magnetic flux expansion and connection length, which can reduce the target heat flux effectively. The conclusion of this paper shows that the advanced divertor configurations are promising for the future fusion.
Development of a control-assist mode multi-DOF bionic arm
Authors: Manasa K. , L S Praveen , Nagananda S N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A bionic arm is an artificial device that restores some of the functionality of a physically challenged person’s missing arms. Electromyography (EMG) impulses operate today’s bionic arms. Many people reject these devices because of their weight, expense, and limited Degrees Of Freedom (DOF), because of the intrusive procedures required to get stronger signals. Amputees who no longer have arm function find rehabilitation to be more difficult. It is essential to have a more straightforward method for deciphering signals and operating the bionic arm. This work focuses on creating bionic arm control systems that are both affordable and capable of several degrees of freedom, hence reducing the need for extensive rehabilitation. This system combines mechanical and electrical components and is operated by the user. It is created by utilizing the life cycle and systems engineering concepts. Three non-invasive control systems speech recognition, keypad control, and foot pressure control provide inputs to the transmitter block, which comprises a microprocessor. Five DC motors comprise the reception blocks, and motor drivers drive them in response to input signals received wirelessly from the transmitter. The control system that was designed may provide more than ten degrees of freedom. Depending on what the amputees need, these control methods can be utilized separately or in combination. The method has the advantage of being straightforward and requiring fewer operations and recovery times. By delivering the signals wirelessly, fewer wiring harnesses are needed on the transmitter and receiver blocks.
Phase stabilization of ammonium nitrate-based propellants using ferric oxide and manganese dioxide catalysts
Authors: Phondekar Prabhat Dattakumar , Biswas Shelly 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Traditional booster rockets typically use solid propellants with Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) as the oxidizer. However, AP releases toxic chlorine gas during combustion, raising concerns about environmental impact and prompting the exploration of greener alternatives, such as Ammonium Nitrate (AN). Despite its potential, AN faces challenges due to phase transitions at room temperature. This study aims to stabilize AN’s phases to improve the performance of AN/AP-based composite solid propellants (CSPs) by adding ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and manganese dioxide (MnO2). The partial substitution of AP with AN is examined to overcome the limitations of pure AN-based propellants. Theoretical analyses are conducted to assess the effects of AN/AP-based propellants on performance parameters such as specific impulse (Isp). Experimental studies involving burning rate, density measurements, and flame characterization reveal that the presence of AP and catalysts Fe2O3 and MnO2, significantly enhances the burning rate and flame temperature, ensuring complete combustion. Additionally, these catalysts stabilize AN’s endothermic phase transitions and accelerate the decomposition of its breakdown products, leading to improved combustion in AN/AP-based propellants.
Research on hydraulic system fault diagnosis method based on machine learning
Authors: Liu Qingtong , Li Mantuo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study proposes a machine learning-based fault diagnosis method for hydraulic systems, focusing on using K-means clustering algorithm for data preprocessing, use Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Convolutional Neural Network Gated Recurrent Unit (CNN-GRU) models respectively for fault classification. By performing cluster analysis on sensor data, the data dimensions can be effectively reduced and the efficiency of fault analysis can be improved. The results show that the accuracy of the SVM algorithm in the cooler status and valve status classification tasks reached 99.77% and 100.00% respectively. After the introduction of the clustering algorithm, its training time was significantly reduced, showing extremely high real-time fault diagnosis capabilities. The CNN-GRU model performs particularly well in handling complex fault classification tasks, especially in the hydraulic accumulator fault classification task, with an accuracy rate as high as 96.60%, which is significantly better than the SVM model. Although the training time of CNN-GRU is longer, its advantages in complex pattern recognition give it obvious advantages in high-accuracy application scenarios. Multi-fault diagnosis was conducted, and the results show that the CNN-GRU model achieves the best performance without employing clustering, emphasizing the importance of preserving the integrity of the original sensor data in complex fault scenarios.
Clinical Inertia in the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension Following Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Flatow James S , Byfield Rushelle , Singer Jessica , Chang Melinda J , Schwartz Joseph E , Shimbo Daichi , Kronish Ian M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Clinical inertia is common after office blood pressure (BP) is high. Little is known about clinical inertia after ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM).

METHODS
This was an electronic health record-based retrospective cohort study of patients with high office BP (≥140/90 mm Hg) referred for ABPM at a medical center in New York City between 2016 and 2020. Diagnostic inertia was defined as clinicians not newly diagnosing or treating hypertension in patients with high ABPM (i.e., mean awake BP ≥135/85 mm Hg). Therapeutic inertia was defined as clinicians not intensifying treatment for patients with established hypertension after high ABPM. Multilevel modeling was used to assess patient and clinician characteristics associated with inertia.

RESULTS
Among 329 patients without prior hypertension, 144 (44%) had high awake BP. Of these, diagnostic inertia occurred in 45 of 144 (31%). Among 239 patients taking antihypertensive medication, 141 (59%) had high awake BP. Of these, therapeutic inertia occurred in 73 of 141 (52%). In multilevel models, male gender (odds ratio [OR] 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–7.08), lower awake systolic BP (SBP) (OR 0.73 per 5 mm Hg increase, 95% CI 0.53–1.00), and specialist vs. primary care clinician type (OR 4.57, 95% CI 1.78–11.75) were associated with increased diagnostic inertia. Increasing age (OR 1.16 per 5-year increase, 95% CI 1.00–1.28) and lower awake SBP (OR 0.82 per 5 mm Hg increase, 95% CI 0.66–0.95) were associated with increased therapeutic inertia.

CONCLUSIONS
Diagnostic and therapeutic inertia were common after ABPM, particularly when awake SBP was near the threshold.
Intraspecific variation in seed dispersal between annual and perennial populations
Authors: Velichka Jenni , Friedman Jannice 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Seed dispersal impacts plant fitness by shaping the habitat and distribution of offspring, influencing population dynamics and spatial genetic diversity. Whether the evolution of dispersal strategies varies across herbaceous life forms (annual, perennial or clonal) is unresolved. In this study, we examine how seed-dispersal strategies vary between annual and perennial populations of Mimulus guttatus (syn. Erythranthe guttata), investigating differences in seedpod orientation and shape and in the probability and distance of seed dispersal.

Methods
We conducted a greenhouse experiment using 190 plants from six populations of annual and perennial M. guttatus, to compare floral orientation, seedpod architecture and its effect on seed dispersal. We used controlled wind trials to measure the probability of seed dispersal and the dispersal distance of individual seeds from plants.

Key Results
We identify the following three key differences in seedpod architecture and seed dispersal in annuals and perennials: seedpods are angled more upward-facing in perennials compared with annuals; a lower proportion of seed is dispersed in perennials; and seeds disperse further in perennials than in annuals. These results are consistent with our predictions that a clonal, perennial life form should be associated with traits that increase the retention of seeds, requiring greater wind speeds to dislodge seed and increasing dispersal distance.

Conclusions
Despite the close genetic relationship between annual and perennial populations of M. guttatus, we find differences in seedpod architecture and seed dispersal. We suggest that perennial plants, characterized by clonal reproduction and multi-year survival, benefit from strategies that facilitate long-distance seed dispersal to mitigate competition and promote colonization of new habitats.
Accelerated enumeration of extreme rays through a positive-definite elementarity test
Authors: Mores Wannes , Bhonsale Satyajeet S , Logist Filip , Van Impe Jan F M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Analysis of metabolic networks through extreme rays such as extreme pathways and elementary flux modes has been shown to be effective for many applications. However, due to the combinatorial explosion of candidate vectors, their enumeration is currently limited to small- and medium-scale networks (typically &lt;200 reactions). Partial enumeration of the extreme rays is shown to be possible, but either relies on generating them one-by-one or by implementing a sampling step in the enumeration algorithms. Sampling-based enumeration can be achieved through the canonical basis approach (CBA) or the nullspace approach (NSA). Both algorithms are very efficient in medium-scale networks, but struggle with elementarity testing in sampling-based enumeration of larger networks.

Results
In this paper, a novel elementarity test is defined and exploited, resulting in significant speedup of the enumeration. Even though NSA is currently considered more effective, the novel elementarity test allows CBA to significantly outpace NSA. This is shown through two case studies, ranging from a medium-scale network to a genome-scale metabolic network with over 600 reactions. In this study, extreme pathways are chosen as the extreme rays, but the novel elementarity test and CBA are equally applicable to the other types. With the increasing complexity of metabolic networks in recent years, CBA with the novel elementarity test shows even more promise as its advantages grows with increased network complexity. Given this scaling aspect, CBA is now the faster method for enumerating extreme rays in genome-scale metabolic networks.

Availability and implementation
All case studies are implemented in Python. The codebase used to generate extreme pathways using the different approaches is available at https://gitlab.kuleuven.be/biotec-plus/pos-def-ep.
‘Biting the hand that feeds’: Ethnic minoritized as policy actors within organizations
Authors: Nouman Hani 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In multicultural societies, the involvement of ethnic minoritized in policy arenas is essential for promoting equality and ensuring that the voices of disadvantaged minority groups are heard. This article presents empirical evidence regarding the level, form, and goals of ethnic minoritized involvement in policy arenas. Based on data from social workers of the Arab minority group in Israel employed in the public sector and in non-profit ethnic organizations, the findings reveal that ethnic minoritized work in diverse ways to influence policy, highlighting courses of action characterized by both consensus and conflict. Involvement goals are diverse, with an emphasis on promoting and expanding opportunities for the minority community. This study offers a unique lens for navigating the intersection of race, inequality, and opportunities in organizations within multicultural societies.
Concurrent processing of the prosodic hierarchy is supported by cortical entrainment and phase-amplitude coupling
Authors: Oderbolz Chantal , Stark Elisabeth , Sauppe Sebastian , Meyer Martin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Models of phonology posit a hierarchy of prosodic units that is relatively independent from syntactic structure, requiring its own parsing. It remains unexplored how this prosodic hierarchy is represented in the brain. We investigated this foundational question by means of an electroencephalography (EEG) study. Thirty young adults listened to German sentences containing manipulations at different levels of the prosodic hierarchy. Evaluating speech-to-brain cortical entrainment and phase-amplitude coupling revealed that prosody’s hierarchical structure is maintained at the neural level during spoken language comprehension. The faithfulness of this tracking varied as a function of the hierarchy’s degree of intactness as well as systematic interindividual differences in audio-motor synchronization abilities. The results underscore the role of complex oscillatory mechanisms in configuring the continuous and hierarchical nature of the speech signal and situate prosody as a structure indispensable from theoretical perspectives on spoken language comprehension in the brain.
Reinfection and Resistance Associated Substitutions Following a Minimal Monitoring Approach for HCV Treatment in MINMON Trial
Authors: Han Win Min , Solomon Sunil Suhas , Smeaton Laura , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Wagner Cardoso Sandra , Li Jiani , Parvangada Aiyappa , Sulkowski Mark , Naggie Susanna , Martin Ross , Mo Hongmei , Maiorova Evguenia , Wyles David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Simplified approaches to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment delivery are needed to meet elimination goals. However, the impact of low-touch strategies on individuals at higher risk due to treatment failure or reinfection is unknown. We estimated HCV reinfection rates, and the impact of resistance associated substitutions (RASs) on response in the ACTG A5360 (MINMON) trial.

Methods
HCV RNA evaluations were scheduled at weeks 0, 24 (sustained viral response [SVR] visit), 48, and 72. Participants with post-entry HCV RNA ≥ lower limit of quantification (LLoQ) had deep sequencing of NS5A and NS5B genes performed. Phylogenetic analysis distinguished between reinfection and treatment failure. Reinfection rates per 100 person-years (PYS) were calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI) constructed using Poisson distribution.

Results
Of 397 participants with post-entry HCV RNA, 29 had ≥LLoQ and available sequencing data. Of those 29, 5 participants initially designated as non-SVR, and 12 participants initially attaining SVR (evaluated at week 24) were determined to have reinfections (total 17 reinfections) (reinfection rate 3.9/100 PYS [95% CI, 2.4–6.2]). All 17 participants with HCV reinfection were male (13 MSM and 15 with HIV). Of 29 had ≥LLoQ, 12 were identified as treatment failure. SVR (excluding reinfections) in presence and absence of baseline RAS was 93.5% (43/46) and 97% (337/346), respectively, with an overall SVR rate of 97.0% [95% CI, 94.8–98.3] (385/397).

Conclusions
Accounting for reinfections, SVR in MINMON was 97.0% further supporting simplified HCV treatment. No significant difference in SVR was found by baseline velpatasvir RAS. The high reinfection rate, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), underscores the need to scale-up evidence-based interventions to reduce reinfection.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03512210
Ecological patterns of plant–pollinator interactions in the Palouse Prairie
Authors: Hawse Anna , Cook Stephen P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Insect pollinators are essential for natural ecosystems. Without pollination, native plants are less likely to be able to persist. As natural ecosystems have become more fragmented and degraded, interest in their restoration and preservation has increased. Understanding the roles that individual plant and pollinator species play in an ecosystem can assist with these tasks. One way to examine the ecological drivers for patterns of pollination is through module analysis. The Palouse Prairie is a fragmented native prairie that supports high plant and insect diversity and has experienced severe habitat loss. Bees were collected on native plants in prairie fragments in 2022 and 2023 to construct a plant–pollinator network. From this network, modules were computed and analyzed. This network contained 10 modules representing multiple different ecological patterns, including modules grouped by morphological, taxonomic, and phenological similarities. These modules also identified plant–pollinator pairs with specialized relationships. The network was then analyzed to identify plant and insect members that play structural roles in the network. Understanding the patterns of interactions represented in the modules and the network structure may allow for better conservation and restoration of this imperiled ecosystem.