bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using ginger spent and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Ganesan Sinthia , Mehalingam Palanichamy , Selvam Govindan Sadasivam 
Published: September 2021

Ginger spent is the byproduct of spice industries that remove the essential oils of ginger (Zingiber officinale) for food industry and medicinal purposes. Ginger is a well known spice used often for seasoning in Indian cuisine. The de-oiled ginger has no specific use mostly goes to waste. Hence, we utilized this industrial waste product in the efficient synthesis of silver nanoparticles with the aid of UV irradiation from a solution of 1mM silver nitrate and spent extract in the ratio 9:1. Immediate colour change from pale yellow to dark brown was noted indicating the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were centrifuged, dried and well characterized. UV Vis Spectroscopy, XRD analysis, Zeta potential and SEM analysis was carried out. It was commendable that the size of the nanoparticles fell well within the upper limit of 100nm. Agar well diffusion method was used to screen the antimicrobial activity of the well characterized silver nanoparticles. They were tested against seven pathogenic strains of three gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) three gram positive bacteria(Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis) and a fungus (Candida albicans). It was seen that the zone of inhibition(ZOI) in well plate method increased on increasing the concentration of silver nanoparticles. Further studies could lead to the application of these silver nanoparticles in medicine.
Tipos de violencia en estudiantes universitarios del sexo femenino, Chachapoyas, Perú, 2019
Authors: Alejandría Mondragón Jhoana , Silva Díaz Yshoner Antonio 
Published: September 2021

<p>El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar los tipos violencia contra las estudiantes de enfermería del sexo femenino de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Chachapoyas, Perú, 2019. El estudio fue de orientación cuantitativa; de horizonte descriptivo; prototipo observacional, prospectivo, transversal y de análisis univariado. La muestra estuvo constituido por 122 alumnas del III al VIII ciclo, registrados en el ciclo regular 2019-I, de la Escuela Profesional de Enfermería. Se aplicó una encuesta, validado por Reinoso y adecuado a la presente investigación con un grado de confiabilidad de 0.84. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan que del 100% (122) alumnas, el 37.7% (46) fue víctima de violencia física y el 63.2% (76) no tuvo esta condición. Así mismo, el 13.9% (17) si fueron víctimas de violencia sexual y el 86.1% (105) no presentó esta condición. Mientras que el 27.0% (33) si fueron víctimas de violencia psicológica y el 73.0% (89) no presentó esta condición. En conclusión, la violencia física en las estudiantes de enfermería fue la más predominante, seguida de la violencia psicológica y finalmente en más bajo porcentaje la violencia sexual.</p>
Recurrence of internal carotid artery dissection associated with elongated styloid process: A case report
Authors: Yokoya Shigeomi , Takezawa Hidesato , Oka Hideki , Hino Akihiko 
Published: September 2021

Background:An elongated styloid process is known to cause ischemic stroke. Previous reports claim that internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection due to the elongated styloid process has good outcomes when treated conservatively; however, long-term follow-up has not been attempted and recurrence in the later period has not been reported so far. We report a case of recurrence of symptoms over a decade after the initial onset.Case Description:A 59-year-old man experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA) 10 years ago. Six years ago, he experienced hemispheric TIA, and magnetic resonance angiography revealed a diminished signal of the left ICA; however, no further examination was performed. Four years ago, he experienced another transient amaurosis attack and was treated with antiplatelet therapy because no embolic source was detected using ultrasonography examination, and he was diagnosed with idiopathic ICA dissection. Recently, he experienced a third amaurosis fugax attack. Digital subtraction angiography and cone-beam computed tomography demonstrated left cervical ICA dissection due to elongated styloid process. He underwent surgical resection of the left styloid process and cervical stent placement. He had no ischemic attacks postoperatively.Conclusion:The elongated styloid process may cause recurrent ischemic attacks over a decade due to ICA dissection.
Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy with acute monocular vision loss following clipping of anterior communicating artery aneurysm. A case report and review of literature
Authors: Sharma Amit Kumar , Dholakia Binita , Jagetia Anita , Singhal Ghanshyam Das , Bodeliwala Shaam , Srivastava Arvind Kumar , Singh Daljit 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The acute postoperative monocular vision loss following anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping secondary to posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) a rare presentation.

Case Description:
A 32-year old patient presented with a spontaneous holocranial thunderclap headache for 7 days, associated with vomiting. The SAH was diagnosed with a tiny saccular aneurysm arising from the anterior communicating artery. A left pterional craniotomy and clipping of aneurysm were done. On the 3rd postoperative day, he complained of left-sided complete blindness, and on the 5th postoperative day, his GCS dropped to E4V1M5 with right-sided hemiplegia. MRI brain showed normal optic apparatus with bilateral ACA and left MCA territory infarct.

Conclusion:
The PION must be kept in the differential diagnosis of post-clipping sudden visual deterioration, especially following anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture.
Female Authority And The Representation of Womanhood In H. Rider Haggard’s Ayesha
Authors: Ahmed Shokhan Rasool 
Published: September 2021

Haggard’s Ayesha is the continuation of the Victorian dream novel She. H. Rider Haggard's She, subtitled A History of Adventure, is figured to be among top rated books at any point distributed: it had sold exactly 83 million duplicates by 1965. Ayesha (really articulated 'Assha'), subtitled The Return of She, who takes after She in the book, is an amazing and puzzling white sovereign who administers the African Amahagger individuals. Ayesha has enchantment controls and is undying, which makes She a dream experience book.
Despite the fact that She and Ayesha were distributed almost twenty years separated, H. Rider Haggard stated that Ayesha was a decision to a two-section book, not a continuation. There is likewise a "prequel," She and Allan (1921). In the two books, an imaginary manager shows an original copy portrayal by Ludwig Horace Holly. In Haggard’s She, considering that some parts of the novel are so comfortable, readers might feel compelled into thinking that they are going through Haggard’s tour in Africa. Fortunately, in any event, when the plot eases back to a nearly gastropod pace, the way Haggard's depicts the African culture and scene conveys the reader along.
Ayesha, known as She-Who-Must-Be-Obeyed, first showed up in sequential structure from 1896 to 1897 in the novel She. Ayesha is one of the marvelous, kick-ass lady characters in Victorian writing who represents the misogynist construction of femininity and embodies the femme fatale. This paper is principally concerned about the representation of feminine power and the representation of womanhood in Haggard’s Ayesha. Some questions will be investigated here. Can one consider Ayesha as a “conclusion” or a “sequel” to She since the whole novel replicates the same thematic and structural maneuvers of She? Does Haggard revive Ayesha, the “new woman”, in The Return of She respond to the threat to traditional gender roles? The findings of this study will be beneficial for the researchers, and all the undergraduate and postgraduate students of English department.
The impact of ISIS control on the livestock sector in Iraq (a study in geopolitics)
Authors: Omar Al-Boutani Talaat Muhammad Taher 
Published: September 2021

Livestock resources experienced a dramatic decline in each of Nineveh, Anbar, Salah Al-Din, and parts of Kirkuk and Diyala provinces due to the Islamic states invasion into those areas in June 2014.According to estimates by some international organizations in Iraq, Livestock numbers decreased significantly by 65% ​​from what it was in 2010. Major reasons for Livestock decline in Iraq were conflict, military operations, aerial bombardment, banditry, and lack of health care resulted in the deaths of large numbers of Livestock, in addition to forced internal migration, that resulted in the migration of about four million Iraqis where they had to leave their homes towards western and northern Iraq. It can be concluded that due to the dramatic decline in Livestock, Iraq lost more than 1.674 billion dollars.
Historial Gography Of The Kurds In The Nighboring
Authors: Mansur Qaetuly Salahaddin Anwer 
Published: September 2021

This research is entitled (historical geography of the presence of the Kurds in the neighboring regions), a study in the geo-political research scientifically concerned with the presence of Kurds in the neighboring countries i.e this research does not study the presence of the Kurds in in Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Iran just in (Khorasan region) because now they are includes the land of Kurdistan. The Kurds history of immigration to outside of their lands are related to many factors including the geographical location and the similarity of geographical elements, which can be considered the main causes to for attraction of Kurds to these regions, and despite this the cutaneous invasions especially during the periods of Iran and Turkey.
This research includes three axes, the first axis study the historical presence of the Kurds in Russia and the three Caucasus countries (Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan) and also study Republics of (Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan), and briefly about Afghanistan, Pakistan and khorasan region. The second axis study the history and geographical distribution of the Kurds and their numbers in those neighboring countries.While the third axis analysis of the geopolitical history elements including (military, economy, religion and administration)of the Kurdish presence in neighboring countries. In addition of performing some important conclusions and recommendations, as well as the list of references, and abstract in English and Kurdish and an appendix of maps and pictures.
Social Responsibility in University Students
Authors: Abdulsamad Shno Hassan , Majeed Paiman Abdulqadr 
Published: September 2021

Social responsibility takes an important role in constancy and tainquility of life in a society, tries to make the system of the society better and protects its roles, at the same time become a factor to perform each one's responsibility toward himself and the surrounding, and also make each individual mature, conscious in terms of rights, responsibilities, roles and comprehended ones about the social, political and general problems of the society and also encourages them to participate in resolving problems.
The researcher found it necessary to carry on such a study in order to investigate the level of social responsibility of the university students, and to underline the differences in the level according to variable,academic specialization,and study stages
The research population is all the bachelor students of first stage and forth stage of humanity and science academic specialization in the University of Sulaimani in the new camp in ( 2019 - 2020) , but the sample of the study (428) students of the faculties of (College of Humanities, College of Law, College of Science, and College of Engineering )by the way of , the research is a kind of descriptive, and the adopted method is ( social survey), the researcher, for collection data, adopted scale to measure the social responsibility, and used some statistical means such as (coefficient alpha, person correlations coefficient, T,Test, means, standard deviation)
The result indicates that the students of University of Sulaimani have a high level of social responsibility, and there are differences statistically concerning the variable of academic specialty ( science and humanity ) in behalf of humanities, and of study stages ( first stage and forth stage ) in behalf of first stage .
These results were interpreted in the light of the literature review the researcher shed light on certain recommendations and suggestions .
The Energy of Conjugacy Classes Graphs of Some Order of Alternating Groups
Authors: Hassan Zuzan Naaman , Sarhan Nihad Titan 
Published: September 2021

The energy of a graph , is the sum of all absolute values of the eigen values of the adjacency matrix which is indicated by . An adjacency matrix is a square matrix used to represent of finite graph where the rows and columns consist of 0 or 1-entry depending on the adjacency of the vertices of the graph. The group of even permutations of a finite set is known as an alternating group . The conjugacy class graph is a graph whose vertices are non-central conjugacy classes of a group , where two vertices are connected if their cardinalities are not coprime. In this paper, the conjugacy class of alternating group of some order for and their energy are computed. The Maple2019 software and Groups, Algorithms, and Programming (GAP) are assisted for computations.
The Position of Jimmy Carter's Administration about Iraq-Iran war in 1980 A Historical and Political Research
Authors: Abdulqader Nihro Mohammed , Murad Khaleel Ali 
Published: September 2021

Following the demise of the Shah regime, Saddam Hussein capitalized on the deteriorating situation of Iran to attack the country in a bid to achieve a set of goals. He never thought that the war would last eight years. Before Iraq kicked off the conflict, Saddam and other Iraqi leaders had apparently gathered with American officials in Jordan. It is highly likely that Saddam declared war on Iran with the consent of the USA, though both sides categorically have rejected such accusations. Saddam seized the fallout of Iran-US relations to introduce himself as the guard protecting America's interests. Even if the US was not responsible for the ignition of the war, it liked it as Iran at the time had American hostages behind its bars, a crisis which emerged in November 1979. In the meantime, the new Iran emerged to portrait itself as a major foe of the US. Though Jimmy Carter chose neutrality amidst the conflict, it asked for an immediate pause. The equation, however, turned up side down soon after Washington started to assist Iraq. One indication is that, two months before the war started, Baghdad and the US had decided to normalize ties, but announcing it was delayed as the war had been looming in order to avoid miscalculations from other sides.
Through the war, the US wanted to destroy the infrastructure of both sides in order to cripple them from emerging as two powerful regional states. Through third parties, Washington was selling arms to both sides. The US had even warned Iran of Iraq's military attack plan. The age of Carter's age came to an end shortly after the war began when he lost the elections to Ronald Reagan and that a new administration took office in January 1981.
Analyzing Religious Speech in Terms of Speech Act Theory
Authors: Hamad Sherwan Hussein , Omer Talar Sabah 
Published: September 2021

Every Friday, articles were presented at mosques, and the subject of the articles involved all aspects of human life, political, economic, social,…Any phenomenon in the society is mentioned in religious speeches. These articles will be part of religious discourse in Kurdistan, one of the subjects we have chosen for this investigation and we will study it from the perspective of a speech by Mala Araz about condemning the Turkish attack on the kurds. The aim of our study is to analyze religious discourse from a pragmatic perspective to achieve the goal that we have analyzed in the methodology, and we have received an example from the book" Mala Araz", which is in the context of the central Kurdish language kurmanji dialect.
Застосування ймовірнісних мереж довіри для багатокритеріального оцінювання показників якості озброєння та військової техніки
Authors: Камак Ю.О. , Нестеренко С.О. , Рудніченко С.В. , Чигрин Р.М. 
Published: September 2021

В статті проводиться аналіз процесу конкурентного вибору зразків озброєння та військової техніки з метою вибору зразка озброєння та військової техніки, найкращого за визначеним показником якості з ряду альтернативних. Проведено аналіз існуючого методичного апарату вирішення поставленої проблеми та запропоновано використання апарату байєсівської мережі довіри для вирішення задачі вибору якісного зразка озброєння та військової техніки. Наведено аналіз програмних засобів для моделювання байєсівських мереж довіри. Запропонована процедура прийняття рішення щодо вибору зразка за ймовірнісними критеріями в умовах недостатньої визначеності.
Clinical Profile of Patients Admitted with Seizure Disorder in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Isha , Malla Kalpana Karmacharya , Ghimire Pukar , Bhandari Bibek 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Seizure is one of the common presentation and reason for hospital admission in children. This study aims to address the etiology and clinical characteristics of the patient.
Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in which children of age 1month to 15 years presenting with seizure were included. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0.
Results: Out of 192 patients,126 (65.6%) were males and 66(65.6%) were females with the ratio of 1.9:1. Distribution of events in different age groups were 16.1%(n=31) in group of 1month to 1 years, 63%(n=121) in group of 1yrs to 5 years,12.1%(n=24) in group of 5years to 10 years and 8.3%(n=16)in children above 10years.70.3% had febrile seizure, with the highest incidence in age group of 1 to 5 years. Generalised tonic clonic seizure was seen in 94.3% and focal motor seizure in 5.7%. No difference was seen in distribution of the type of seizure across different age groups (p= 0.192).Presenting complaints were fever in 75.5%, loss of consciousness in 26.0%, vomiting in 25.0% , headache in 23.4%, altered sensorium in 8.3% and focal neurological deficits in 8.3%. 33.9% of children had a family history of seizure. Causes of febrile seizures included upper respiratory tract infection in 82.2%, acute gastroenteritis in 12.6%, urinary tract infection in 3% and pneumonia in 2.2%. Afebrile seizure was idiopathic in 38.6% and identifiable causes in the remaining were sequelae of birth asphyxia in 17.6%, hypoglycemia in 8.8%, neuronal migration defects and neurocysticercosis in 5.3%. No relation was observed between the history of perinatal asphyxia and the age of onset of seizure (p=0.250). Of all the patients 57.8% were discharged without antiepileptic, 27.6% were treated with monotherapy whereas 14.5% required polytherapy to achieve seizure control.
Conclusions: Seizure is a common problem in children, with the highest incidence in the age group of 1 to 5 years and febrile seizure is the most common type of seizure in children.
Incidence, Risk Factors and Immediate Outcome of Preterm Neonates: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Acharya Niraj , Poudel Sumita 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation. It is one of the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality in the world.
Aims: The study was aimed to find out the incidence, possible risk factors and outcome of inborn preterm babies till they were discharged from the hospital.
Methods: This is a prospective hospital based study. A total of 100 preterm babies delivered in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur and admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were studied. Preterms were divided into 2 groups extremely to very preterm (<32 weeks) and moderate to late preterm (≥ 32 weeks). The preterm babies were evaluated for various morbidities sand mortality till they were discharged from the hospital.
Results: Data of 100 babies was analyzed. Out of 100 preterm babies 40 were extremely to very preterm babies (<32 weeks) and 60 were moderate to late preterm babies (≥32 weeks). Significant risk factors associated with preterm deliveries were inadequate antenatal visits (73%), primi gravidity (58%), preterm premature rupture of membrane (55%), urinary tract infection (54%), anemia (53%), teenage pregnancy (43%), antepartum hemorrhage (41%) and pregnancy induced hypertension (33%). The total mortality was higher in extremely to late preterm than in moderate to late preterm. The most common causes of mortality were Neonatal sepsis (NNS), Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) and Birth Asphyxia.
Conclusion: The hospital incidence of preterm neonates is still very high. The major risk factor seen in the study was inadequate antenatal visit. Preventive measures, early identification of risk factors will improve the outcome.
Correlation of Epithelial Cell Abnormality in Cervical Cytology with Cervical Histology
Authors: Shrestha Richa , Sinha Kavita , Sharma Nirmala , Shrestha Anil 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females worldwide and third most common cancer in Nepal. Conventional Pap smear is the most widely used screening tool for detecting premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix. Cytohistological correlation of Pap smear is a widely accepted method for analysis of various factors leading to discrepancies in diagnosis and internal quality assurance.
Aims: To study the cytohistological correlation of epithelial cell abnormality in Pap smear in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal.
Methods: This is a hospital based prospective cross sectional study carried out at Department of Pathology, NGMC, Kohalpur, Nepal from August 2018 to January 2020. The study included 137 cases of Pap smear with epithelial cell abnormality and correlated with corresponding histopathological findings.
Results: The age of patients ranged from 20-80 years with the number of cases seen in the range of 30-39 years (n=44; 32.1%). Whitish discharge per vaginum was most common presenting symptom. High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was the most common abnormal finding in Pap smear with a frequency of 40 (29.1%) cases. Out of 137 cases of Pap smear 57 (41.6%) cases showed discrepancies in cervical biopsy. All cases of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) were correctly diagnosed by Pap smear. The overall sensitivity of smear test was 84%. After evaluating cytohistological correlation, the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was found to be 100% for SCC, 52% for HSIL and 59% for Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL).
Conclusion: The current study revealed a good correlation between cervical cytology and biopsy in Pap smear showing epithelial cell abnormalities. Thus, cytology and histology are complementary to each other and helps to reduce discrepancies.