bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NIR‐Triggered Multi‐Mode Antitumor Therapy Based on Bi2Se3/Au Heterostructure with Enhanced Efficacy
Authors: Yang Chunzheng , Chang Mengyu , Yuan Meng , Jiang Fan , Ding Binbin , Zhao Yajie , Dang Peipei , Cheng Ziyong , Kheraif Abdulaziz A. Al , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOf all the reaction oxygen species (ROS) therapeutic strategies, NIR light‐induced photocatalytic therapy (PCT) based on semiconductor nanomaterials has attracted increasing attention. However, the photocatalysts suffer from rapid recombination of electron‐hole pairs due to the narrow band gaps, which are greatly restricted in PCT application. Herein, Bi2Se3/Au heterostructured photocatalysts are fabricated to solve the problems by introducing Au nanoparticles (NPs) in situ on the surface of the hollow mesoporous structured Bi2Se3. Owing to the lower work function of Au NPs, the photo‐induced electrons are easier to transfer and assemble on their surfaces, resulting in the increased separation of the electron‐hole pairs with efficient ROS generation. Besides, Bi2Se3/Au heterostructures also enhance the photothermal efficiency due to the effective orbital overlaps with accelerated electron migrations according to density functional theory calculations. Moreover, the PLGA‐PEG and the doxorubicin (DOX) are introduced for photothermal‐triggered drug release in the system. The Bi2Se3/Au heterostructures also displays excellent infrared thermal (IRT) and computed tomography (CT) dual‐modal imaging property for promising cancer diagnosis. Collectively, Bi2Se3/Au@PLGA‐PEG‐DOX exhibits prominent tumor inhibition effect based on synchronous PTT, PCT and chemotherapy triggered by NIR light for efficient antitumor treatment.
Fluorescence Switchable Block Copolymer Particles with Doubly Alternate‐Layered Nanoparticle Arrays
Authors: Kim Taewan , Xu Meng , Lee Young Jun , Ku Kang Hee , Shin Do Joong , Lee Doh C. , Jang Se Gyu , Yun Hongseok , Kim Bumjoon J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe precise self‐assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) under 3D confinement offers microparticles with programmable nanostructures and functionalities. Here, fluorescence‐switchable hybrid microspheres are developed by forming doubly alternating arrays of Au NPs and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) within polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) BCP domains. These doubly alternating arrays afford controlled nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) between the QDs and Au NPs that is dependent on the layer‐to‐layer distance. Solvent‐selective swelling of the hybrid particles tunes the distance between layers, modulating their NRET behavior and affording switchable fluorescence. The particle fluorescence is “OFF” in water through strong NRET from the QDs to Au NPs, but is “ON” in alcohols due to the increased distance between the Au NP and QD arrays in the swollen P4VP domains. The experimentally observed NRET intensity as a function of interparticle distance shows larger quenching efficiencies than those theoretically predicted due to the enhanced quenching within a 3D‐confined system. Finally, the robust and reversible fluorescence switching of the hybrid particles in different solvents is demonstrated, highlighting their potentials for bioimaging, sensing, and diagnostic applications.
A force‐based fiber beam‐column element to predict moment‐axial‐shear interaction of reinforced concrete frames
Authors: Hippola Sameera , Rajapakse Chathura , Mihaylov Boyan , Wijesundara Kushan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe nonlinear analysis of large complex reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures with shear‐critical members requires numerical approaches that combine high accuracy and computational efficiency. At the same time, existing modeling approaches either involve detailed and costly discretization of the deformations in the frame members (displacement‐based approaches), or compromise on accuracy by greatly simplifying (or even neglecting) shear effects. This paper presents a novel nonlinear force‐based fiber beam‐column element that addresses both these challenges. The element is capable of capturing the complex moment‐axial‐shear interaction response of planar RC frames and walls, while at the same time requiring minimum discretization. The proposed formulation consists of two nested iterative procedures at the structure and sectional levels. The introduction of the sectional level procedure explicitly satisfies sectional equilibrium, which is not achieved in either existing displacement or force‐based line element formulations. As a result, a stable convergence of all average strain, local crack strain, and slip strain components of the constitutive relationship is ensured. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed element formulation is illustrated with the help of beam and frame tests from the literature.
EWPD in the SMEFT to dimension eight
Authors: Corbett Tyler , Helset Andreas , Martin Adam , Trott Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We calculate the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\left\langle {H}^{\dagger }H\right\rangle}^2/{\Lambda}^4\right) $$
O

H
†

H

2

/

Λ
4

corrections to LEP electroweak precision data using the geometric formulation of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We report our results in simple-to-use interpolation tables that allow the interpretation of this data set to dimension eight for the first time. We demonstrate the impact of these previously unknown terms in the case of a general analysis in the SMEFT, and also in the cases of two distinct models matched to dimension eight. Neglecting such dimension-eight corrections to LEP observables introduces a theoretical error in SMEFT studies. We report some preliminary studies defining such a theory error, explicitly demonstrating the effect of previously unknown dimension-eight SMEFT corrections on LEP observables.
Extensions of recent combinatorial refinements of discrete and integral Jensen inequalities
Authors: Horváth László 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this work is to present essential extensions of results in [7] and [8], and apply them to some special situations. Of particular interest is the refinement of the integral Jensen inequality for vector valued integrable functions. The applications related to four topics, namely f-divergences in information theory (an interesting refinement of the weighted geometric mean–arithmetic mean inequality is obtained as a consequence), norm inequalities, quasi-arithmetic means, Hölder’s and Minkowski’s inequalities.
On the Absolutely Continuous Spectrum of Generalized Indefinite Strings
Authors: Eckhardt Jonathan , Kostenko Aleksey 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate absolutely continuous spectrum of generalized indefinite strings. By following an approach of Deift and Killip, we establish stability of the absolutely continuous spectra of two model examples of generalized indefinite strings under rather wide perturbations. In particular, one of these results allows us to prove that the absolutely continuous spectrum of the isospectral problem associated with the conservative Camassa–Holm flow in the dispersive regime is essentially supported on the interval $$[1/4,\infty )$$

[
1
/
4
,
∞
)

.
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19-Auswirkungen auf die Plazenta
Authors: Menter T. , Tzankov A. , Bruder E. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungEin besonderes Augenmerk bei der durch das Severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-Coronavirus‑2 (SARS-CoV-2) hervorgerufenen Coronaviruskrankheit 2019 (COVID-19) wurde von Beginn an auf die Gruppe der Schwangeren gelegt.Nach einer Einführung zur Immunabwehr der Plazenta und viralen plazentaren Infektionen, beschreiben wir die morphologischen Veränderungen der Plazenta bei SARS-CoV-2-Infektion der Mutter, ziehen Vergleiche zur SARS-Epidemie und diskutieren die Frage der vertikalen Transmission von SARS-CoV‑2 von der Mutter auf das Neugeborene.Die häufigsten pathologischen Befunde der Plazenta bestehen in Zeichen der maternalen und auch fetalen Malperfusion sowie immunologisch bzw. thromboinflammatorisch vermittelten Veränderungen. Es finden sich Infarkte, deziduale Vaskulopathie sowie Thromben im fetalen Kreislauf und Vermehrung avaskulärer Villi. Daneben zeigen sich in einigen Fällen Entzündungsreaktionen mit Villitis und Intervillositis sowie eine Vaskulitis fetaler Gefäße. Zudem konnte der Nachweis erbracht werden, dass SARS-CoV‑2 die Plazenta direkt infizieren kann. Somit ist auch eine vertikale Transmission möglich.Ein COVID-19-spezifisches Schädigungsmuster der Plazenta liegt bislang nicht vor, obwohl der Nachweis von fetaler Thrombovaskulitis, Villitis und Intervillositis sowie einer fetalen und maternalen Malperfusion in Analogie zu der bereits bekannten allgemeinen Pathophysiologie von COVID-19 (Entzündungsreaktion und Mikrozirkulationsstörung) interpretiert werden könnte. Der Nachweis viraler RNA in den fetalen Kompartimenten der Plazenta/der Nabelschnur zeugt von der vertikalen SARS-CoV‑2 Transmission.
The course of gait speed during a 400m walk test of mobility limitations in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Lindemann Ulrich , Krumpoch Sebastian , Becker Clemens , Sieber Cornel C. , Freiberger Ellen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The 400‑m walk test (400MWT) of usual gait speed is an assessment of mobility limitations in geriatric medicine and sarcopenic research.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the course of gait speed during a 400MWT in community-dwelling older adults in terms of physical, psychological and general health-related outcomes. Possible plateau phases during the 400MWT could enable integrated measurements of short distance walk tests.

Methods
In this study 148 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 80.4 ± 4.4 years, 61% women) performed a 400MWT at comfortable gait speed. Additionally, an 8m walk test was carried out and history of falling, sex, comorbidities, fear of falling, executive function and gait variability were determined as covariates.

Results
Gait speed was higher in the beginning and the end of the 400MWT compared to the middle part with respect to all analyzed covariates. Mean gait speed of the 8 m walk test was significantly faster than mean gait speed of the 400MWT (t (df = 147) = 0.07, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
The course of gait speed during a 400MWT performed by community-dwelling older adults was not affected by sex, gait variability, comorbidity, history of falling, fear of falling or executive function. Gait speed measurements of the 400MWT do not fully represent assessment of supervised short distance gait speed in community-dwelling adults.
Outcomes in Hirschsprung’s disease with coexisting learning disability
Authors: Davidson Joseph R. , Kyrklund Kristiina , Eaton Simon , Pakarinen Mikko P. , Thompson David , Blackburn Simon C. , Cross Kate , De Coppi Paolo , Curry Joe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study describes functional and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in patients with Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) with associated learning disability or neurodevelopmental delay (LD), completing a core outcome set for HSCR. This was a cross-sectional study from a tertiary pediatric surgery center. Patients treated between 1977 and 2013 were prospectively contacted to complete an outcomes survey. Children under 12 and older patients with LD were assisted to complete these by a proxy. Bowel and urologic function were assessed (Rintala’s BFS and modified DanPSS) along with HRQoL (PedsQL/GIQLI/SF-36). Thirty-two patients with LD were compared to 186 patients with normal cognition. Patients with LD had 76% survival over the follow-up period, compared to 99% in the remainder of the cohort. Poor functional outcomes were common in the patients with LD, considerably higher than cognitively normal patients: with weekly issues withholding stool, soiling and fecal accidents in over half of patients surveyed (44–60%), and urinary incontinence in 46%. Use of permanent stoma was significantly higher (22% vs. 4%; p = 0.001). HRQoL was worse in domains of physical functioning in adults and children but not for social or emotional domains in adults. Subgroup analysis of patients with Down syndrome suggested similar functional results but better QoL. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a dramatically higher incidence of poor continence outcomes in patients with LD (adjusted OR 9.6 [4.0–23]).Conclusions: We provide LD-specific outcomes showing inferior function but similar HRQoL to other patients with HSCR, this is much needed in the counselling of families of these children.

What is Known:• Hirschsprung’s disease is commonly associated with syndromes or other anomalies with resultant cognitive impairments.• The outcomes for these patients specifically have been poorly described in the literature.

What is New:• Objective functional and quality of life surveys demonstrate significant differences from patients without cognitive impairment.• Patients with learning disability Patients with associated LD were almost ten times more likely to have an associated poor functional outcome, with very little impact on proxy-reported quality of life.
Complete genome sequence of a novel fish papillomavirus detected in farmed wels catfish (Silurus glanis)
Authors: Surján András , Fónagy Eszter , Eszterbauer Edit , Harrach Balázs , Doszpoly Andor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA novel papillomavirus (PV) was detected in farmed wels catfish (Silurus glanis) in Hungary showing clinical signs resembling those of wels catfish herpesvirus disease. The whole genome of Silurus glanis papillomavirus 1 (SgPV1) was identified using next-generation sequencing. The 5,612-bp complete genome contains four predicted protein coding regions (E1, E2, L1, and L2), which seem to have homologues in every PV genome sequenced to date. Five complete fish PV genome sequences are available in the GenBank database. Their genomes range between 5,748 and 6,086 bp and contain the minimal PV backbone genes E1, E2, L2, and L1, unlike PVs of higher vertebrates, which have larger genomes (6.8-8.6 kbp) and additional (onco)genes. Considering the current species demarcation criteria for the family Papillomaviridae, the establishment of a novel species named "Nunpapillomavirus siluri" is proposed for the SgPV1 in a novel genus, "Nunpapillomavirus", in the subfamily Secondpapillomavirinae.
Geosocial Networking Apps Use Among Sexual Minority Men in Ecuador: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Hermosa-Bosano Carlos , Hidalgo-Andrade Paula , Paz Clara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGeosocial networking applications (GSN apps) have become important socialization contexts for sexual minority men (SMM). Despite their popularity, there is limited research carried out in Latin American countries and no single previous study done in Ecuador. To fill this gap, this exploratory study described and analyzed the relationships between the sociodemographic characteristics of SMM using GSN apps, their sought and fulfilled expectations, profile shared and sought characteristics, and the evaluation of their experiences as users including their perceptions of support, and discrimination. We used an online recruited sample of 303 participants enrolled between November 2019 and January 2020. Most respondents used Grindr and reported spending up to 3 h per day using apps. Most common sought expectations were getting distracted, meeting new friends, and meeting people for sexual encounters. The least met expectation was meeting someone to build a romantic relationship with. When asked about their profiles, participants reported sharing mainly their age, photographs, and sexual role. Participants also prioritized these characteristics when looking at others’ profiles. When asked about their experiences, most reported having been discriminated against, weight being the main reason for it. Some participants also indicated having received emotional support from other users. Correlation analyses indicated significant but weak relationships among the variables. Results indicated a positive correlation between time as an active GSN app user and higher experiences of discrimination. Likewise, higher number of used apps related positively with levels of received support. These results provide information that could inform future research in the country and the region regarding GSN apps use among SMM, socialization practices, and modern dating tools.
Clinical Validation of the Champagne Algorithm for Evoked Response Source Localization in Magnetoencephalography
Authors: Bhutada Abhishek S. , Cai Chang , Mizuiri Danielle , Findlay Anne , Chen Jessie , Tay Ashley , Kirsch Heidi E. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMagnetoencephalography (MEG) is a robust method for non-invasive functional brain mapping of sensory cortices due to its exceptional spatial and temporal resolution. The clinical standard for MEG source localization of functional landmarks from sensory evoked responses is the equivalent current dipole (ECD) localization algorithm, known to be sensitive to initialization, noise, and manual choice of the number of dipoles. Recently many automated and robust algorithms have been developed, including the Champagne algorithm, an empirical Bayesian algorithm, with powerful abilities for MEG source reconstruction and time course estimation (Wipf et al. 2010; Owen et al. 2012). Here, we evaluate automated Champagne performance in a clinical population of tumor patients where there was minimal failure in localizing sensory evoked responses using the clinical standard, ECD localization algorithm. MEG data of auditory evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials from 21 brain tumor patients were analyzed using Champagne, and these results were compared with equivalent current dipole (ECD) fit. Across both somatosensory and auditory evoked field localization, we found there was a strong agreement between Champagne and ECD localizations in all cases. Given resolution of 8mm voxel size, peak source localizations from Champagne were below 10mm of ECD peak source localization. The Champagne algorithm provides a robust and automated alternative to manual ECD fits for clinical localization of sensory evoked potentials and can contribute to improved clinical MEG data processing workflows.
Modeling of levothyroxine in newborns and infants with congenital hypothyroidism: challenges and opportunities of a rare disease multi-center study
Authors: Koch Gilbert , Steffens Britta , Leroux Stephanie , Gotta Verena , Schropp Johannes , Gächter Pascal , Bachmann Freya , Welzel Tatjana , Janner Marco , L’Allemand Dagmar , Konrad Daniel , Szinnai Gabor , Pfister Marc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractModeling of retrospectively collected multi-center data of a rare disease in pediatrics is challenging because laboratory data can stem from several decades measured with different assays. Here we present a retrospective pharmacometrics (PMX) based data analysis of the rare disease congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in newborns and infants. Our overall aim is to develop a model that can be applied to optimize dosing in this pediatric patient population since suboptimal treatment of CH during the first 2 years of life is associated with a reduced intelligence quotient between 10 and 14 years. The first goal is to describe a retrospectively collected dataset consisting of 61 newborns and infants with CH up to 2 years of age. Overall, 505 measurements of free thyroxine (FT4) and 510 measurements of thyrotropin or thyroid-stimulating hormone were available from patients receiving substitution treatment with levothyroxine (LT4). The second goal is to introduce a scale/location-scale normalization method to merge available FT4 measurements since 34 different postnatal age- and assay-specific laboratory reference ranges were applied. This method takes into account the change of the distribution of FT4 values over time, i.e. a transformation from right-skewed towards normality during LT4 treatment. The third goal is to develop a practical and useful PMX model for LT4 treatment to characterize FT4 measurements, which is applicable within a clinical setting. In summary, a time-dependent normalization method and a practical PMX model are presented. Since there is no on-going or planned development of new pharmacological approaches for CH, PMX based modeling and simulation can be leveraged to personalize dosing with the goal to enhance longer-term neurological outcome in children with the rare disease CH.
Positional competition in a binary system: the case of Finnish higher education
Authors: Isopahkala-Bouret Ulpukka , Aro Mikko , Ojala Kristiina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPositional competition in the labour market entails graduate opportunities that depend not only on graduates’ skills, experience and abilities, but also on how their educational credentials compare to those of others. In this study, we examined the positional competition in the Finnish labour market and compared the influence of different ‘degree types’ on the probability of obtaining high-paid, high-status jobs. We used a register-based 5% sample of 25–45-year-old Finnish higher education (HE) graduates from 2010 to 2012 (N = 63 486). It was expected that the relative position of graduates would be affected by the degree level as well as the educational field and the binary division (university vs. non-university) of HE. Therefore, master’s and bachelor’s degree levels in all educational fields from universities versus universities of applied sciences (UASs) were included. The method of analysis was logistic regression. According to our results, the binary divide structured the opportunities to enter high-paid, high-status jobs within different fields of education. The university master’s degree graduates had the highest probability of succeeding in the Finnish labour market, and their status/rank elevated them above the competition by regulating access to certain professions or occupations through specific qualification requirements (i.e., credential social closure). Moreover, our results demonstrated how the degree rankings and the relative distance between university and UAS degrees vary in different fields. The Finnish case offers a valuable point of comparison to other HE systems with a binary structure.