bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planar Hall effect in c-axis textured films of Bi85Sb15 topological insulator
Authors: Budhani Ramesh C. , Higgins Joshua S. , McAlmont Deandre , Paglione Johnpierre 
Published: May 2021

Measurements of the planar Hall effect (PHE) and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) in polycrystalline films of topological insulator Bi85Sb15 are reported. The observation of PHE and AMR in these films of carrier density ≈2 × 1019 electrons/cm3 is like the behavior of in-plane field transport in thin films of metallic ferromagnets. However, the amplitudes of PHE (ΔρPHE) and AMR (Δρxx) are at variance. ΔρPHE and Δρxx also undergo a sign reversal near ≈160 K. We compare these results with the reported PHE of topological insulators and Weyl semimetals and discuss possible scenarios for anisotropic backscattering of charge carriers in this non-magnetic alloy.
Knl1 participates in spindle assembly checkpoint signaling in maize
Authors: Su Handong , Liu Yang , Wang Chunhui , Liu Yalin , Feng Chao , Sun Yishuang , Yuan Jing , Birchler James A. , Han Fangpu 
Published: May 2021

Significance
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling controls the attachments of kinetochores to spindle microtubules rigorously. However, how SAC proteins connect to the kinetochores is largely unknown in plants. Here, we identified the constitutive component of the central kinetochore protein Knl1 in maize and revealed a conserved function of Knl1 in cell division. A helical conformation with hydrophobic amino acids in the middle of a Knl1 protein was involved in the recruitment of an SAC protein, which is different from the Mps1-mediated phosphorylation of MELT modules that are described in yeast and mammalian cells. This region, detected in maize Knl1, is conserved in monocots but displays high divergence in eudicots, suggesting distinct kinetochore architectures with SAC signaling in plant lineages.
Parkbus – A Combined Sustainable Transportation Solution for Residents and Visitors
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Issaev Boris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This case recounts how Parkbus, a social innovation organization founded in 2010 in Ontario, Canada, simultaneously improved access for people with less mobility to experience nature, and reduced carbon emissions and congestion. Through partnerships with key Canadian organizations such as the Toronto Dominion Bank, Mountain Equipment Co-op and Parks Canada, this case highlights a sustainable transportation and tourism innovation, as well as positive externalities and opportunities that can be created by small but well-placed and well-timed initiatives.

Information
© Rachel Dodds 2021
Exploring the Case: Parkbus – A Sustainable Transport Solution for Both Residents and Visitors
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Issaev Boris 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
The Parkbus case raises important questions about how tourism can be implemented more sustainably and highlights issues relating to eco-mobility in both access for marginalized groups to the outdoors as well as carbon reduction through transportation. In the exploration of the case, first three key issues are raised about mobility in and around protected areas. Then some avenues are identified for study and some discussion questions are provided for use in seminars and the classroom.
This case is suitable for students from marketing, tourism development, transportation, planning and sustainability related courses.
Bag of visual words based machine learning framework for disbond characterisation in composite sandwich structures using guided waves
Authors: Sikdar Shirsendu , Pal Joy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a machine learning framework that uses the bag of visual words (BOVW) for structural health monitoring (SHM) of a composite sandwich structure (CSS) using ultrasonic guided wave (GW) signals. Towards this, experimental analysis of GW propagation in CSS has been carried out for the healthy-state and multiple skin-to-core disbond cases. The registered time-domain signals from the assigned piezoelectric transducer networks on the CSS are converted to time-frequency scalograms by performing a continuous wavelet transform. Eventually, a BOVW based machine learning framework is proposed that uses the speeded-up-robust features for the features extraction and support vector machine for classification of CSSs with and without skin-to-core disbond. The proposed machine learning framework shows its SHM potential to characterise the CSS for healthy and disbond conditions (different locations) with high validation and test accuracy for an unseen dataset. A series of parametric studies are also carried out to analyse the influence of different grid sizes and polynomial order for the proposed framework.
Exact solutions in radiation reaction and the radiation-free direction
Authors: Ekman Robin , Heinzl Tom , Ilderton Anton 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present new exact solutions of the Landau–Lifshitz (LL) and higher-order LL equations describing particle motion, with radiation reaction, in intense electromagnetic fields. Through these solutions and others we compare the phenomenological predictions of different equations in the context of the conjectured ‘radiation-free direction’ (RFD). We confirm analytically in several cases that particle orbits predicted by the LL equation indeed approach the RFD at extreme intensities, and give time-resolved signals of this behaviour in radiation spectra.
Rice growth response to CRF fertilizer and biochar in rainfed land under two continuous seasons
Authors: Pratiwi G R , Hanudin E , Purwanto B H , Sulistyaningsih E , Hayashi K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rainfed rice productivity in Indonesia is generally lower than irrigated paddy fields. The low productivity is likelihood caused by poor soil fertility and low rainfall during the dry season. This research aims to determine the role of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) and rice husk biochar (RHB) for the rice growth in two continuous seasons. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates and plot size was 5m x 6m. In wet season (WS), rice planted under direct seeded system. In dry season (DS), the rice was transplanted from seed bed. RHB rates were 0, 5, 10 t ha−1, and CRF Urea (42% N) rates were 0, 50 and 100 % of recommended dosage or equal to 0;142.5; 285 kg/ha respectively. As a positive control was 100 % dosage of recommended NPK fertilizers, namely: urea (45% N) 266 kg/ha, SP36 125 kg/ha and KCl 100 kg/ha. Agronomic traits such as plant height, tiller number, leaf greenness under DS and WS increase significantly as treated with a combination of RHB and CRF, while the distribution of roots and N uptake only increases under DS as such. Optimal plant growth and N uptake in rainfed rice were obtained at treatment of 5 t ha−1 RHB and 50% CRF. Therefore, the dosage is recommendable for developing rice production in rainfed areas both in the dry and wet season.
Vegetation Analysis of the Middle Slope Geomorphic Units on the Southern Flank of Mount Merapi
Authors: Budiyanto G , Ainunnisa  , Trisnawati D W , Aisyah S N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Merapi is an active volcano located in the border between DIY and Central Java. The eruption of Mount Merapi has changed the soil conditions as well as the surrounding vegetation. This study was aimed to identify the vegetation distribution shaped after the 2010 eruption in the geomorphic units of the middle slopelocated in the southern flank of Mount Merapi. This study was carried out through survey followed by descriptive and spatial analysis. Vegetation distribution was evaluated by determining density value, frequency, dominance, importance value index and diversity index. Middle slope geomorphic units, Southern flankconsidered as disaster-prone areas zone II and III, were covered by 33 species composed of 209 individuals. Of all species found, the most abundant species were chinese albizia (so-called sengon) (Albizia chinensis), mahogany (Swietenia mahogany) and green wattle (Acacia decurens). The abundance of these three species was indicated by its high importance value index associated with high adaptability of the species, even grown in the eruption-affected areas.
Optimization of 2,4-D and Cytokinin Combination for The Growth of Vanda tricolor in Solid and Liquid Medium
Authors: Rineksane I A , Juliarachmi A F , Putri R K , Astuti A , Samidjo G S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Vanda tricolor orchid is an endemic plant. Yogyakarta is one of the distribution areas of the V. tricolor Lindl Suavis varieties in Indonesia, besides East Java, West Java, Bali and Sulawesi. The existence of the V. tricolor orchid on the slopes of Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta is threatened with extinction due to eruption and exploitation by humans. The existence of the diminishing V. tricolor orchid encourages efforts to conserve V. tricolor orchids into their natural habitat through conservation. One of the conservations carried out through in vitro propagation is somatic embryogenesis. The aim of this study is to determine the best combination of 2,4-D and cytokinin in solid and liquid medium for the growth of pro embryo V. tricolor. This research is a laboratory experiment using a single factor experimental method arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments tested were a combination of 2,4-D (0, 2, 4 mg L−1), cytokinin (Benzyl Amino Purine and Thidiazuron, 0 and 0.5 mg L−1) and the type of medium (solid and liquid). The basic medium used is New Dogashima Medium (NDM). Activated charcoal 0.2 g L−1 and Plant Preservative Mixture 0.5 ml L−1 were added to all treatments. The observed parameters included: Percentage of viable, contaminated and vitrified explants (%), number of leaves, number of pro embryos and number of roots. The results showed that treatment of New Dogashima Liquid medium without 2,4-D with the addition of 0.5 mg L−1 Thidiazuron was chosen as the best medium for the growth of V. tricolor shoots.
Citrus stem rot disease (Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl) problem and their control strategy in Indonesia
Authors: Dwiastuti M E , Aji T G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Citrus stem rot disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl is a serious disease in citrus orchards in Indonesia. The geographical distribution of these diseases is very broad, almost found in all citrus centers of more than 22 provinces, districts, and cities. Plants of more than 10 years with less intensive maintenance often seriously affected. Alertness and control must be more intensive in productive plants aged more than 5 years old. The disease epidemic problem occurs because of the presence of sensitive citrus varieties, poorly maintained plants, the source of inoculum throughout the year, wide range of host plants, and contamination of agricultural equipment. Sensitive plants in citrus genus including pummelo, orange, tangerine, lime, and lemon. The control strategy is formulated by considering the effectiveness, logical and environmentally friendly to support the development of citrus areas in 24 main citrus centers in Indonesia. Stem rot control strategies include: (1) monitoring of disease incidents in the field, presence of inoculum sources in citrus plants and other hosts, (2) maintaining the cleanliness of the field, sanitation by pruning the branches, (3) optimum maintenance, (4) disinfecting agricultural tools (pruning shears, grafting knives, machetes, saws) with 70% alcohol, (5) Weaning of stems with sulfur lime 2 times a year, (6) Biological control (Trichoderma harzianum, T. asperellum, T. viride, Bacillus subtilis, Gliocladium sp) and or botanical control using cashew nut shell waste (Anacardium occidentale L.), red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum).
The Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Planting Density against Viral Infection and the Production from Bulbs of True Shallot Seed in the Highlands
Authors: Gunaeni N , Adiyoga W , Rosliani R , Sulastrini I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In general shallots are cultivated using bulbs (vegetatively). The problem is the cost of controlling bulbs is quite high, which is around 40% of the total. One way to increase the productivity of shallots is by using healthy plant material through using of True Shallot Seeds (TSS). TSS is one of the generative propagation methods of shallots from seed. The research was carried out at the Indonesia Vegetable Research Institute in Lembang (plateau 1250 asl). Time of implementation from August 2017 to April 2018. Research is conducted in the Field and laboratory. The experimental design used is a factorial randomized completely block design with two factors repeated 3 times. The first factor type of Plant Growth Regulators consists of: A.1=BAP concentration of 50 ppm, A.2=NAA concentration of 50 ppm, A.3=GA3 concentration of 50 ppm, A.4=Control. The second factor is planting density: B.1. Planting density of 5 gram of seeds/m2, B.2=Planting density of 7 gram of seeds/m2, B.3=Planting density of 9 gram of seeds/m2. The results of the study show that: (1). The giving of Plant Growth Regulators (BAP, NAA and GA3) does not affect the germination of True Shallot Seed and plant growth, the number of living plants and tuber yields in the field. (2). planting density affects plant growth in the field and green houses are 5 gram of seeds and 7 gram of seeds/m2 land area. (3). The results of the Elisa test on leaf samples not detected SYSV, OYDV and LYSV viruses. (4). Planting density of 7 gram of seeds/m2 land area has a good effect on tuber yields in the field. The number of cloves produced in the field is 1 to 5 clove.
Land Suitability for kemenyan cultivation in Sari Laba Jahe Village, Sibiru-biru Sub-district, Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Marpaung R M E , Batubara R , Rauf A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Kemenyan (Styrax spp.) is commonly found in North Sumatra, especially in the Tapanuli and Dairi Regions. This study aimed to determine the suitability class of kemenyan at agroforestry land in Sari Laba Jahe Village, Sibiru-biru Sub-district, Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra Province. This study was conducted from August 2019 to April 2020. Soil survey was conducted in order to collect the characteristics of the land at the study site. Soil sampling was collected based on land units. Soil samples were analyzed in the central laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Land suitability was evaluated based on the matching method between data from laboratory analysis and data from survey in the field with the available land suitability criteria. The results showed that the actual land suitability classes for kemenyan in Sari Laba Jahe Village, were not suitable (N) with erosion hazard (er), and root zone medium (rc) limiting factors which accounted for 62.78%), marginally suitable (S3) with root zone medium (rc) limiting factor which accounted for 8.21%, and moderately suitable (S2) with limiting factors water availability (wa), root zone medium (rc), nutrient retention (nr) limiting factors which accounted for 29.01%. The erosion hazard (eh) limiting factors can be overcome, so that the potential land suitability in Sari Laba Jahe Village can be increased to Moderately suitable (S2) which accounted for 31.99% and marginally suitable (S3) which accounted for 67.98%. Based on the potential land suitability in Sari Laba Jahe Village only 0.03% was not suitable (N) in Sari Laba Jahe Village.
Biological Control of Strawberry Crown Rot Disease (Pestalotiopsis sp.) using Trichoderma harzianum and Endophytic Bacteria
Authors: Widyaningsih S , Triasih U 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Strawberry crown rot is one of the diseases caused by several soil-borne pathogens. Control of the disease is quite difficult, especially on unhealthy soil condition. The study was conducted to examine the potential of Trichoderma harzianum and consortium endophytic bacteria application to control strawberry crown rot disease and resistance of strawberry varieties to crown rot disease based on control treatment. The research stages were isolation and identification of the pathogen, antagonist test of T. harzianum against the pathogen, potency test of both biological control agents to control crown rot disease on three strawberry varieties (Dorit, Rosalinda and the hybrid of Early Bright and Tokii varieties). This study used a Randomized Block Design. The results indicated that Pestalotiopsis sp. was one of the pathogens causing strawberry crown rot. The pathogen was inhibited by T. harzianum using antagonistic mechanism. Although, based on the percentage inhibition of radial growth, only 32 % of inhibition of T. harzianum against Pestalotiopsis sp. when both isolates laid out on PDA in same time. Application of both biological controls lead to the increasing resistance of three strawberry varieties against crown rot disease. The hybrid of Early Bright and Tokii variety was the most resistant varieties compared than 2 others varieties after biological control application.
Heavy metals contamination assessment in agricultural soil for shallot in Wanasari, Brebes Regency, Central Java Province
Authors: Dewi T , Martono E , Hanudin E , Harini R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Assessment of heavy metals contamination was carried out in agricultural soil in Wanasari, Brebes Regency, Central Java Province. The study purposed to assess the level of metal contamination using statistical analysis, contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (I-geo), and load pollution index (PLI). In this research, a total of 18 topsoil samples were taken and analyzed for the several metal concentrations are Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni. The concentration of heavy metals in soil samples was in the order of Cr > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd. The I-geo values of Pb, Co, Ni, and Cr indicated uncontaminated soils, while I-geo values for Cd showed level contamination in soil was uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. The values of pollution load index (PLI) indicated that these observed samples in agricultural soils for shallot in Wanasari, Brebes Regency were uncontaminated.
Multiple excitations and temperature study of the disorder-induced Raman bands in MoS2
Authors: Gontijo Rafael N , Zhang Tianyi , Fujisawa Kazunori , Elías Ana Laura , Pimenta Marcos A , Righi Ariete , Terrones Mauricio , Fantini Cristiano 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has been extensively used to probe disorder in graphene and other carbon-related materials, and disorder-induced (DI) Raman bands are prominent even for low defect densities. The DI bands in MoS2 have been studied in the last years, but a multiple excitation study using laser excitation energies near the excitonic energies was still lacking. In this work, we investigate the low-frequency defect-induced Raman bands in MoS2 coming from the acoustic phonon branches near the Brillouin zone edge using samples produced by mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition, recorded with different laser excitation energies close to the resonance with the excitonic transitions, and measured at different temperatures, from 100 K to 400 K. Our results show that the defect-induced Raman processes are affected by both excitation energy and temperature. We find that the temperature of measurement affects the linear dependence between the intensities of the DI peaks and the defect concentration. In particular, we observed that the ratio of intensities of the DI longitudinal acoustic (LA) and transversal acoustic (TA) modes with respect to the first-order E′ mode is about the same for the two different samples when results are corrected by the defect density. We show in this work that the largest intensity of the DI peaks occurs for laser energies in the resonance with the excitonic transitions. Finally, we introduce a general expression that provides the parameters for the quantification of defects in MoS2 samples based on the intensity of the DI Raman bands, measured at different laser energies across the excitonic transitions.
Modifying mechanical properties of silicon dioxide using porous graphene: molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhao Yutao , Xie Guihua , Zhao Junlin , Wang Chengyuan , Tang Chun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Graphene or other 2D materials are often used as agents to reinforce engineering structures because they possess extremely high mechanical strength and structural flexibility. This is however not cost effective and the reported enhancement is often limited although the mechanical properties of graphene is often several orders higher than cements or concretes. Defective graphene is mechanically weaker than pristine graphene but stronger than engineering structures, moreover, it is cheaper because the synthesis condition is low. In this work we perform systematic molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the effect of porous graphene (PG), a type of defective graphene, on reinforcing mechanical properties of silicon dioxide (SiO2) which is the key components of engineering structures. Our results show that PG is mechanically weaker than pristine graphene but stronger than SiO2, therefore, with certain amount of PG encapsulation into SiO2, the mechanical properties can be improved under tensile, shear and compressive loadings, although not as significant as the effective of pristine graphene. The modification mechanism is found to depend both on the intrinsic mechanical properties of GP and the interface induced surface stress redistribution in SiO2. The effects of defect concentration, volume fraction, loading methods and interface roughness are found to be influential on the reinforcing effect. Our findings are expected to offer new strategies for rational design of low-cost but high-strength engineering composite structures.
Non-equilibrium coupling of a quartz resonator to ions for Penning-trap fast resonant detection
Authors: Berrocal Joaquín , Lohse Steffen , Domínguez Francisco , Gutiérrez Manuel J , Fernández Francisco J , Block Michael , García-Ripoll Juan J , Rodríguez Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The coherent coupling between a quartz electro-mechanical resonator at room temperature and trapped ions in a 7 T Penning trap has been demonstrated for the first time. The signals arising from the coupling remain for integration times in the orders of seconds. From the measurements carried out, we demonstrate that the coupling allows detecting the reduced-cyclotron frequency (ν
+) within times in the order of the decay-time constant of the energized resonator (below 10 ms), regardless of the data-acquisition time-window in use, and providing an improved resolution compared to conventional electronic detection schemes. A resolving power ν
+/Δν
+ = 2.4 × 107 has been reached in single measurements. In this publication we present the first results, emphasizing the novel features of the quartz resonator as fast non-destructive ion-trap detector together with different ways to analyze the data and considering aspects like precision, resolution and sensitivity.