bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Radiomic Nomogram for the Ultrasound-Based Evaluation of Extrathyroidal Extension in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xian , Agyekum Enock Adjei , Ren Yongzhen , Zhang Jin , Zhang Qing , Sun Hui , Zhang Guoliang , Xu Feiju , Bo Xiangshu , Lv Wenzhi , Hu Shudong , Qian Xiaoqin 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo construct a sequence diagram based on radiological and clinical factors for the evaluation of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Materials and MethodsBetween January 2016 and January 2020, 161 patients with PTC who underwent preoperative ultrasound examination in the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University were enrolled in this retrospective study. According to the pathology results, the enrolled patients were divided into a non-ETE group and an ETE group. All patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 97) and a validation cohort (n = 64). A total of 479 image features of lesion areas in ultrasonic images were extracted. The radiomic signature was developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithms after feature selection using the minimum redundancy maximum relevance method. The radiomic nomogram model was established by multivariable logistic regression analysis based on the radiomic signature and clinical risk factors. The discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the nomogram model were evaluated in the training and validation cohorts.ResultsThe radiomic signature consisted of six radiomic features determined in ultrasound images. The radiomic nomogram included the parameters tumor location, radiological ETE diagnosis, and the radiomic signature. Area under the curve (AUC) values confirmed good discrimination of this nomogram in the training cohort [AUC, 0.837; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.756–0.919] and the validation cohort (AUC, 0.824; 95% CI, 0.723–0.925). The decision curve analysis showed that the radiomic nomogram has good clinical application value.ConclusionThe newly developed radiomic nomogram model is a noninvasive and reliable tool with high accuracy to predict ETE in patients with PTC.
Study on Acute Toxicity of Amiodarone New Complexes With Cyclodextrin
Authors: Ghiciuc Cristina Mihaela , Shleghm Maytham Razaq , Vasile Cornelia , Tantaru Gladiola , Creteanu Andreea , Ochiuz Lacramioara 
Published: March 2021

Amiodarone low solubility and high permeability is the limiting step for its bioavailability, therefore new formulations are needed to improve the solubility of amiodarone either to increase its oral bioavailability or to reduce its toxic effects. Complexation of amiodarone with cyclodextrin results in improved dissolution rate, solubility, and allows for a more controlled drug release. We characterized the acute toxicity of a new amiodarone 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex (AMD/HP-β-CD) as powdered form and as a matrix based on Kollidon® and chitosan, administered intraperitoneally in laboratory animals. There were developed two formulations of matrix: one containing only pure AMD as a control sample (Fc) and one containing the inclusion complex with the optimal solubility (F). AMD was equitoxic with HP-β-CD after intraperitoneal administration (289.4 mg/kg for AMD and 298.3 mg/kg for AMD/HP-β-CD), with corresponding histopathological changes. The matrix based formulations presented higher LD50 values for acute toxicity, of 347.5 mg/kg for Fc and 455.6 mg/kg for F10, conducting to the idea of a safer administration because KOL and CHT matrix modified the solubility and controlled the AMD release. The LD50 is 1.5 higher for AMD/HP-β-CD included in a KOL and CHT based matrix compared to the pure AMD, administered intraperitoneally.
Impact of Carbon Dioxide on the Non-Catalytic Thermal Decomposition of Methane
Authors: Marquardt Tobias , Wendt Sebastian , Kabelac Stephan 
Published: March 2021

Economically and ecologically, the thermal decomposition of methane is a promising process for large scale hydrogen production. In this experimental study, the non-catalytic decomposition of methane in the presence of small amounts of carbon dioxide was analyzed. At large scales, natural gas or biomethane are possible feedstocks for the thermal decomposition and can obtain up to 5% carbon dioxide. Gas recycling can increase the amount of secondary components even further. Experiments were conducted in a packed flow reactor at temperatures from 1250 to 1350 K. The residence time and the amounts of carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the feed were varied. A methane conversion of up to 55.4% and a carbon dioxide conversion of up to 44.1% were observed. At 1300 K the hydrogen yield was 95% for a feed of methane diluted in nitrogen. If carbon dioxide was added to the feed at up to a tenth with regard to the amount of supplied methane, the hydrogen yield was reduced to 85%. Hydrogen in the feed decreases the reaction rate of the methane decomposition and increases the carbon dioxide conversion.
Money Leaking under the Hood: Problem of Ghost Workers
Authors: Ramya R , Pradeep Kumar B , Akshay P 
Published: March 2021

Fraud in the institutional setup is like a chronic disease. It leaks scare resources of the organization under the invisible hood. Ghost workers are one of this category that cost both government and corporate institutions. With the positional power in the organization and the collective effort, people are trying to add non-existing workers to the payroll. This is costing a lot of money to the institution all over the world. This investigation would be an attempt to study the nature and existence of the problem of ghost workers.
An Economic Analysis on Turmeric Cultivation in Coimbatore District of Tamilnadu
Authors: Govindasamy R , Das Dhanya Sai , Tamilarasi R 
Published: March 2021

India is agrarian society where sole dependence has been on agriculture since time immemorial trading of agricultural produce began in exchange of money. Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for about 58 percent of India’s population. Gross Value Added (GVA) by agriculture forestry and fishing was estimated at Rs.19.48lakh Crore (Us$276.37 Billion) in 7y 20(PE). Growth in GVA in agriculture and allied sectors stood at 4 percent in 7Y 20. In 2020-21 Government of India is targeting total food grain production of 298 MT. Indian turmeric is the best in the world due to the presence of Cur cumin content. This study was conducted to assess the cost and profitability of cultivation of turmeric in the Coimbatore district. The data required for this study were collected from primary as well as secondary sources. Tools such as index number, mean, range, standarddeviation and coefficient of variance are used for the present study. Both the Total Variable Cost and Total Fixed Cost were high for large farmers in the Coimbatore district, i.e., 40.17 percent and 13.44 percent respectively. It is concluded that turmeric cultivation is profitable with a Total Cost of production for an acre of Rs. 108794 and gross income from turmeric cultivation were Rs. 214821. The Net Income was Rs. 106027 per acre. The Cost-Benefit Ratio was greater than one. It indicates that the production of turmeric was highly remunerative and profitable for the growers.
An Economic Study on Factors that Influencing and Level of Satisfaction Towards Online Food Ordering in Madurai City
Authors: Srinivasan K R , Ramprasad T P 
Published: March 2021

In modern era every one in the family exposed to western culture they prefer to order foods from favourite restaurants through online applications like swiggy, Zomato, food panda etc., Generally, people consume food from hotels which takes a lot of time for it delivery. The time factor will be more when people going to restaurants and buy foods and cost will also be more. This study is conducted to study the consumer satisfaction towards online food ordering using online applications, how it bridges the gap between the consumer and the hotels. In this study an attempt has been made to analyse the factors influencing consumers to buy food through food ordering applications and their satisfaction level towards those applications. Sample of 45 has been selected on the basis of simple random sampling. Questionnaire has been used to collect primary data from the respondent. SPSS has been used to test statistical viability of the study.
Temperature dependence of the local electronic properties of n-type GaN crystals by micro-Raman spectroscopy and dielectric dispersion at high temperatures
Authors: Kawase Motoki , Suda Jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Raman spectra for longitudinal optical phonon-plasmon coupled mode in n-type GaN crystals were measured from room temperature to 200 °C by micro-Raman spectroscopy. We calculated the electron density, electron mobility, and resistivity values of the sample by spectra analysis fitting of the imaginary part of the dielectric dispersion equation to this observed mode profiles using adjustable parameters in n-type GaN at high temperatures. The calculated values of the electron density, electron mobility, and resistivity reproduced those by Hall effect measurement. The results showed that the electron density values in n-type GaN tend to increase slightly with increasing temperature while the electric mobility decreases.
Thermal stability of ferroelectricity in hafnium–zirconium dioxide films deposited by sputtering and chemical solution deposition for oxide-channel ferroelectric-gate transistor applications
Authors: Mohit  , Migita Shinji , Ota Hiroyuki , Morita Yukinori , Tokumitsu Eisuke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Stability of ferroelectricity in hafnium–zirconium oxide (HZO) films deposited by sputtering and chemical solution deposition (CSD) has been investigated. After confirming the ferroelectricity of both sputtered HZO and CSD yttrium-doped HZO (Y-HZO) films, indium-tin-oxide (ITO) was deposited by sputtering on sputtered HZO or CSD Y-HZO layer to fabricate metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor (MFS) structure. It was found that the sputtered HZO films in the MFS structure became paraelectric after re-annealing in N2 which was confirmed by both X-ray diffraction pattern and electrical measurements. On the other hand, the CSD Y-HZO films showed ferroelectric nature even after re-annealing with a negligible monoclinic phase.
Heterogeneity in isogenic bacteria populations and modern technologies of cell phenotyping
Authors: Andryukov B. G. , Timchenko N. F. , Lyapun I. N. , Bynina M. P. , Matosova E. V. 
Published: March 2021

In the framework of the modern microbiological paradigm, colonies of genetically identical microorganisms are considered as biosocial systems consisting of several heterogeneous clonal cell clusters (bacterial phenotypes) that respond differently to changes in the environment. Phenotypic heterogeneity was found in recent decades in all isogenic populations of pathogenic bacteria. Such heterogeneity provides a selective advantage of cellular phenotypes with changes in the physicochemical parameters of the environment and competitive interaction with other microorganisms. Heterogeneity in bacterial communities is of great importance for the survival of pathogenic bacteria in the host organism, the progression and persistence of infections, as well as the decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. The modern spectrum of analytical tools for studying cellular phenotyping is presented both by optical imaging methods and qualitative structural characteristics of single cells, and by omix technologies of quantitative analysis and monitoring of molecular intracellular processes. These diverse tools make it possible not only to identify and modulate phenotypic heterogeneity in isogenic bacterial populations, but also to evaluate the functional significance of cellular phenotypes in the development of the infectious process. The aim of the review is the integration of modern concepts of heterogeneity in isogenic bacterial populations, with an emphasis on the presentation of modern analytical technologies for assessing and monitoring phenotypic typing of single cells.
Clinician's modern approaches to molecular genetic diagnosis of glioblastomas
Authors: Ashkhatcava Turna , Tatarinova Marina , Kogoniya Lali , Naskhletashvili David , Zhukov Vadim 
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the issue of molecular genetic diagnosis of cerebral glioblastomas. Despite significant advances in neurooncology, little progress has been made in prolonging the life of patients with cerebral glioblastoma, and a significant part of the effectiveness of treatment depends on the recognition of two prognostic biomarkers: mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) promoter and the methylation of the O6-methylguanine methyl transferase (MGMT) promoter. The article summarizes the data of world and domestic clinical studies, allowing to supplement the histological characteristics of primary glioblastomas with genetic markers: the presence of the TERT mutation, EFGR amplification, loss of PTEN function, LOH 10q, and the presence of the BRAF mutation.
It should be noted that the amplification of EGFR, causing resistance to apoptotic stimuli and alkylating chemotherapy with Temozolomide, attracts much attention as a therapeutic target. The frequency of occurrence of the TERT mutation is 90% of all tumors of various genesis, most often the TERT mutation is found in oligodendroglioma or primary glioblastoma. Loss of heterozygosity in the region of localization of the PTEN gene is observed in many types of sporadic tumors, including more than 40% of glioblastomas. Mutations in this gene are found in tumors of the brain, endometrium, prostate, kidney, and mammary gland. The presence of a PTEN mutation is a poor prognostic factor.
LOH 22q is much more common in secondary glioblastomas (82%) than in primary glioblastomas (41%).
Among brain tumors, the BRAF mutation is most common with pleomorphic xanastrocytoma (60-70%).The BRAF V600E mutation was found in epithelioid glioblastoma, which is a rare and aggressive type of glioblastoma, characterized by an unfavorable prognosis (about 6 months) and frequent leptomeningeal spread.
Thus, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis will enable a personalized approach to treatment with glioblastomas of the brain.
On the Calculation of the Relative Amounts of Endmember Constituents For Garnet
Authors: Hawthorne Frank C. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
It is commonly accepted that the calculation of the proportions of endmember constituents in garnet is dependent on the particular sequence of calculating the amounts of the endmembers, and this belief has been used to justify avoiding the use of endmembers in the definition of a mineral species. Calculating the amounts of endmember constituents to represent a specific mineral formula involves the solution of a set of simultaneous equations, and hence the idea that the solution is dependent on the order in which the amounts of endmember constituent are determined conflicts with the meaning of the term “simultaneous equations”. Here I examine the data on which these conclusions are based and show that these sequence-dependent results arise because of the use of non-stoichiometric formulae that are not electroneutral. If a garnet formula is adjusted slightly such that it exactly fits the general formula of a garnet, [8]X3[6]Y2[4]Z3O12, and is electroneutral, the simultaneous equations relating its chemical formula to a set of endmember constituents have a single unique solution. Thus, the argument that has been used to justify avoiding the use of endmembers in the definition of a mineral species is specious.
Guamá's cyber-humor in exile: Aboriginal-Afrocuban identity and politically incorrect translationese working for another Cuba
Authors:   University of Ottowa, Canada, Rodríguez Raúl E. Colón 
Published: March 2021

Guamá is a graphic humor online publication and an outstanding Cuban cultural phenomenon in exile. It’s creator, Alen Lauzán Falcón, was born in Cuba in 1974, and before he managed to escape the Castros' island, he had already had a successful career in the field of graphic humor. What followed was astonishing for the whole Cuban Diaspora. Upon his arrival in Chile, where he remained, working for and inspired by the graphic humour style of The Clinic, a popular Chilean humoristic publication, he created his own online journal, adopting the name of the most known Cuban aboriginal fighter against Spanish conquistadors. Through incisive and constant “politically incorrect” humour Lauzán Falcón have been ridiculing the majority of the Castroist publications through spicy comments and upturned Cuban propaganda slogans. This became a kind of creative ‘translationese’. His efforts are significantly contributing to criticizing and redirecting the meaning of Castroist ideological indoctrination concepts – efforts enriched with a strong flavour of Cuban Aboriginal (Taíno) and Afro-Cuban humour. Lauzán Falcón aimed to show a critical perspective on Cuban affairs for Cubans, and for anyone else who can feel and understand the Cuban situation and show solidarity with the difficulties of the people living under the longest-running extreme-left-wing regime in Latin America. In this article, I will first analyze the ‘translationese’ phenomenon from a Complexity point of view, meaning, historically and culturally rebinding of the Cuban study case to the historical antecedents of ‘translationese’. Second, I will analyze ten graphic Guamá ‘front pages’ (satiric imitations of Castroist publications), published by Lauzán Falcón between 2008 and 2014 in his eponymous blog, starting with the main banner of Guamá itself. Third, I will operate a complex rebinding of the results demonstrating that the same spirit of creative resistance that the Taíno and African slaves showed in Cuba during more than five centuries, is still in action today in Cubans’ efforts to deal with the consequences of a long-lasting extreme-left-wing regime. A selected glossary of Guama’s Afro-Cuban words and expressions analyzed here will appear at the end of the article.
eDNA metabarcoding fish in relation to the Water Framework Directive indices
Authors: Herder Jelger , Kranenbarg Jan , Valentini Alice 
Published: March 2021

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) recognizes fish as a biological quality element to determine the ecological health and quality of waterbodies. Therefore fish monitoring is carried out using conventional methods like electrofishing and seine fishing following standardized protocols. This data is then used in metrics that calculate ecological quality ratios (EQR) for waterbodies. eDNA-metabarcoding could prove an alternative to this conventional WFD-monitoring by offering high sensitivity, possibly lower costs and less invasive sampling.
A large project was set up in the Netherlands together with STOWA and the waterboards to explore the possibilities to use eDNA-metabarcoding as an alternative way to carry out the WFD-monitoring for fish. In 2015 in a total of 55 WFD transects (250 meter) were sampled using eDNA-metabarcoding in parallel to the conventional WFD-monitoring. On average 60% mores species were detected with eDNA-metabarcoding. In 2016 a total of 9 whole waterbodies (small rivers/ lakes / canals) were samples in parallel. A sample strategy that mixed water collected from 3 long transects was compared to a strategy that sampled the 3 transects individually.
The results showed that the strategy with mixed water samples resulted in nearly the same results at far lower costs. Furthermore a first comparison was made between the relative abundance in eDNA sequences and the relative abundance in biomass and numbers caught. Building on this project between 2018 and 2020 a total of 73 waterbodies were sampled with eDNA-metabarcoding in parallel to conventional WFD-monitoring. Those included streams, rivers, canals, lakes and brackish waterbodies.
The final goal is to assess if eDNA-metabarcoding fish can provide similar EQR-scores compared to the conventional WFD-monitoring. This can be done by either renovating the current metrics used or to build new ones based on eDNA data.
This presentation will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both options and gives some insight in the steps still needed for implementation of eDNA-metabarcoding methods in standardized WFD-monitoring.
A quantitative eDNA-based method to monitor spawning activity of two emblematic fish species in lake Geneva
Authors: Vautier Marine , Chardon Cécile , Goulon Chloé , Guillard Jean , Domaizon Isabelle 
Published: March 2021

Anthropogenic pressures and more recently climatic change have increased the interest to study the impact of environmental changes on the key stages of fish life cycle. In lake Geneva, a deep peri-alpine lake, climate change and phosphorous level are known to have consequences on salmonid and percid populations, including key species for recreational and commercial fisheries, whose stocks are subject to significant fluctuations. To follow these stock variations, the spawning activity of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) is monitored in this lake since several years using traditional methods, unfortunately mostly destructive or damaging (e.g. gillnetting and collection of fertilized eggs).
DNA isolated from the environment (eDNA) has been widely developed for the detection of specific species or whole biological communities, and this non-invasive method offers an alternative to conventional surveying tools. Until recently, the methods used for eDNA analysis (e.g. qPCR, metabarcoding) could be limited by their sensitivity, quantification limit or price, but the emergence of new methods, such as the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), offers the possibility to quantify an absolute eDNA signal in a very sensitive way and at a lower cost.
Here, we show for the first time the applicability of an eDNA method to monitor the spawning activity of two fish species in a lake by using ddPCR.
During two spawning seasons for whitefish and one spawning season for European perch, water samples were collected every week from the subsurface, simultaneously to traditional monitoring sampling, and filtered through sterile cartridges. The eDNA was then extracted and analyzed using ddPCR, targeting the mitochondrial DNA of the two fish species.
The results demonstrate the efficiency of eDNA coupled with ddPCR to identify the timing and duration of the spawning periods, as well as the peak of the spawning activity for whitefish and European perch in Lake Geneva. This study shows that we have reached an operational level to use this non-invasive eDNA monitoring of the spawning activity of these fish species in lakes.