bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mandated Publication of Individual Hospital Charge Description Masters Does Not Permit the Estimation of Complex Procedure Charges
Authors: Evashwick-Rogler Thomas W. , Dooley Sean W. , Murawski Christopher D. , Fourman Mitchell S. , Hogan MaCalus V. , Smyth Niall A. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
As healthcare spending continues to rise, price transparency is crucial for patients to calculate a reasonable cost estimate for tests and procedures. Legislative efforts have been successful at mandating increased hospital price transparency, including publishing charge description masters (CDMs), but their usefulness in permitting patients to assess the cost for complex procedures is unclear. We sought to determine CDM and diagnosis-related group (DRG) prevalence and evaluate whether these are effective tools for patients to preemptively ascertain the costs for simple and complex tests and procedures.

Methods:
Cross-sectional analysis of publicly available 2019 CDMs and DRGs from 122 hospitals in the United States, including the top-20 as ranked by the US News & World Report Honor Roll and two top-ranked hospitals per state. We first determined the availability of CDMs and DRGs and then determined the ability to estimate the hospital charge for a three-view knee radiograph and a primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using CDM and DRG data.

Results:
One hundred fifteen of 122 (94.3%) hospitals published a CDM, and 78 (63.9%) published a DRG. Top-ranked hospitals published DRGs more frequently than those outside of the Honor Roll designation (P = 0.04). The estimated charge for a three-view knee radiograph could be calculated from 113/115 (98.3%) CDMs. The estimated total charge for a primary TKA could not be obtained from any of the available CDMs. By comparison, the estimated charge for a primary TKA could be obtained from 76/78 (97.4%) of the available DRGs.

Discussion:
CDMs are available as currently mandated for most hospitals and generally can be used to identify the charges for simple procedures, but they are ineffective tools for patients to estimate the charges associated with a multifaceted healthcare procedure, such as TKA. Although DRGs are less frequently available, they are a more effective resource for patients to estimate charges.
Evolución de la atención, concentración y rendimiento académico tras una intervención basada en descansos activos
Authors: Arribas-Galarraga Silvia , Maiztegi Kortabarria Julen 
Published: August 2021

El objetivo principal de la investigación ha sido analizar la evolución de la atención y concentración en jóvenes estudiantes, tras la implementación de un programa basado en descansos activos o Activity Breaks en la asignatura de Lengua Castellana y Literatura. La muestra, compuesta por 31 estudiantes, 14 chicas y 17 chicos, del primer curso de la Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (edad media 12.13 años), se dividió en dos grupo clase: grupo control y grupo experimental. La intervención, de 7 semanas, implementada durante las lecciones en el aula, permitió aumentar la cantidad de actividad física diaria. Mediante el instrumento de medida “Test de atención D2”, se midió la atención y la concentración, y a través de un texto dictado el rendimiento ortográfico, los datos se recogieron tanto en la fase previa, como tras la intervención. Los resultados indican un aumento estadísticamente significativo tanto en la variable atención como en la variable concentración en el grupo experimental. En cuanto a los contenidos relativos a Lengua Castellana y Literatura, ortografía, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas.
The main objective of the research has been to study the evolution of attention and concentration after the implementation of a programme based on Activity Breaks in the subject Spanish Language and Literature. The sample, formed by 31 students, 14 girls and 17 boys, from the first course o Compulsory Secondary Education (average age 12.13 years), was divided into two class groups, control group and experimental group. The intervention, of 7 weeks, implemented during the lessons in the classroom, allowed the amount of daily physical activity to be increased. By the measurement instrument “Attention Test D2” attention and concentration and by the text dictated spelling performance was measured, data was collected in the previous phase and after the intervention. The results indicate a statically significant increase in attention and concentration variable in experiential group. Regarding the Spanish Language and Literature contents, orthography, no statistically significant differences were observed.
INTRODUKTION TIL VOLDENS ANTROPOLOGI: Fra erfaring til fællesskab
Authors: Vigh Henrik E. 
Published: August 2021

The article positions the different anthropological
approaches to violence on a
continuum from the phenomenological to
the sociological analysis. It argues that
anthropological works on violence are
crystallized around either the experiential
aspects of violence or the phenomenon’s
ability to create, maintain and consolidate
social communities. Yet, in conclusion it
offers a perspective, which might be able
to combine the different analythical
avenues, arguing that the different points
of departure intersect as violence creates
communities of experience.
TAVSHEDENS PRAKSIS OG LIDELSENS PROSA
Authors: Jackson Michael 
Published: August 2021

The subject of this article is suffering –
how it is borne and how it is explained –
by people in very different circumstances.
The author begins by recounting a young
Sierra Leonean woman’s story about her
wartime suffering and her postwar
situation. He then turns to consider the
kind of suffering “at a distance” liberal
Westerners are wont to experience when
confronted by the pain, distress, and
misery of others, and finding ourselves at
a loss to do anything about it. Finally, the
author returns to discuss the way Sierra
Leoneans address the suffering of war,
offering a critique of the way suffering is
commonly construed in the affluent West.
The article contemplates how Western reactions
to the suffering of others tend to
involve a narcissistic focus on one’s inner
feelings and thoughts, including one’s
feelings for and intellectual reflections on
the plight of others. In contrast, the
Kuranko in Sierra Leone are less prone to
fantasise rescue or salvation, or hope for
a world in which there is no pain and
rather respond to the suffering with
resignation and silence. Such silence may
be a way of healing and reconciliation, and
not a way of evading or repressing an
issue. The anthropology of suffering
should therefore evade the Western
tendency of excessive verbalising. It can,
argues the author, only do justice to
suffering by examining each situation as
if there were no universal measure against
which to judge it, only various points of
view that must be taken into account in
exploring it.
AT ITALESÆTTE VOLDEN: Hverdagens og fortidens overgreb blandt indfødte i Chile
Authors: Kristensen Dorthe Brogård 
Published: August 2021

By focusing on narratives and life-stories
among Mapuche Indians in the South of
Chile the article discusses how different
types of expressions and social organizations
give actors a way of articulating and
managing experiences of social and
structural violence. The article also describes
MASKULINITETER MELLEM ‘COCKFIGHT’ OG ‘DRAG KINGS’
Authors: Hansen Rasmus Præstmann 
Published: August 2021

RACHEL ADAMS & DAVID SAVRAN (eds.): The Masculinity Studies Reader. Oxford:
Blackwell Publishers Inc. 2002. 382 sider. ISBN 0-631-22660-5 (pb). Pris: £16.99.
HBY
Authors: Carbone Claudia 
Published: August 2021

The Danish net of highways forms an ‘H’
connecting the country north-south and
east-west. This is the starting point for a
discussion of contemporary urbanism. The
article points out that the increasing
physical and virtual communication blurs
well-known distinctions between centre/
periphery and urban/rural. The majority
of planning tendencies aims at recreating
and emphasising these distinctions by enhancing
the public space of historical city
centres and keeping the landscape clear
of permanent human activities. The article
argues against these tendencies. It refers
to the Danish ‘golden age’ painters who
successfully tried to construct a national
identity in the first half of the 19th century.
They did so by sampling parts of the
existing cultural landscape and combine
them to a slightly enhanced reality in their
paintings. The article tries to do the same
by combining already existing elements
and tendencies to a polemical image of a
partly existing reality based on hybrids
between the urban and rural.
KØBENHAVN
Authors: Christensen Gunvor 
Published: August 2021

In this article I present findings of a phenomenological
study of the relationship
between urban space, sexuality and gender.
I have investigated conditions of
urban spaces in which social gatherings
established among equal and perceptived
adults expressing their sexual lusts and
pleasures are allowed and encouraged. I
have characterised these urban spaces as
queer spaces. In the first part, I present
circumstances that have imperative significance
to the existence of queer spaces,
and I argue that queer spaces exist in the
metropolis and because of the metropolis.
Hereafter, I expound the yearnings that
are related to queer spaces and point out
that for some individuals queer space
equals an emancipated and at the same
time an oppositional space to other urban
spaces. For other individuals queer space
is taken as a parallel space to other urban
spaces. These different connotations to
queer spaces are related to a dichotomy of
either keeping a queer sexuality a secret
or being open about it. Finally, I suggest
that queer space serves as home territory
recognised by being something in between
the wide, open urban space, and the
intimate, private space, and this unique
trait of queer space contributes to a redefinition
of the positions of men and women
in their sexual performances in public.
MONTREAL
Authors: Kielgast Louise 
Published: August 2021

This article examines a recent city amalgamation
in Montreal as a political game
by shedding light on some of the social
and symbolic aspects related to administrative
borders in the city. These borders
are not neutral; they are imbued with
meanings, which are manifested when the
borders cease to exist as a result of a merger.
In other words, city amalgamations
do not only involve questions of efficiency
and money; they bring into light more
abstract concerns of identity and of how
to maintain a sense of home in a big city.
To fully understand these concerns attention
must be paid to the wider regional
and national context in Quebec and
Canada. Concerns and disputes invoked
by the merger, the author argues, are not
isolated from but embedded in language
conflicts and the Canadian notion of
regionalism.
SARAJEVO
Authors: Stefansson Anders H. 
Published: August 2021

Anthropological urban studies tend to
explore how the specific social structures
of cities affect the life of their inhabitants.
In contrast, this article analyses local
actors’ own cultural constructions of the
city and urbanity. It is based on ethnographic
fieldwork in Sarajevo, the capital
of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a city that
suffered heavy destruction during the war
in the 1990s. According to native Sarajevans,
however, the greatest threat to the
unique urban culture of Sarajevo emanated
from the radical transformation of the
demographic structure that took place
during the war, as many people fled Sarajevo
while large groups of displaced people
from other parts of the country sought
refuge in the city. It was a popular perception
among the local population that what
used to be a modern and cosmopolitan
European city in the course of war had
deteriorated into “one big village”,
plagued by cultural primitivism, ethnic
nationalism and intolerance imported by
newcomers from the rural backwaters of
the country. The article shows how the
roots of the powerful cultural dichotomies
between city and countryside as well as
between cultured and uncultured are to be
located in the region’s historical position
at the margins of Europe. The article
argues that Sarajevans employed displaced
persons as politically convenient scapegoats
for experiences of social transformation
and decay that stemmed more from
war and crisis than from the inferior cultural
habits of the newcomers.
SUN CITY
Authors: Pedersen Max 
Published: August 2021

Geographically Sun City is a town of
40.000 people. It is located in the desert
12 miles north of Phoenix in Arizona. The
winters are dry and mild. The summers
are hot as hell. And the sunsets are always
spectacular. Historically Sun City was
founded in 1960 by a local tycoon who
owned The New York Yankees through the
Fifties. The town is the first active adult
community in the US and the mother of
all similar communities that have spread
out through the country during the last
44 years. Sociologically Sun City is a
mixture of a middle class suburb, a gerontological
ghetto, a classical American
utopian community and a social laboratory
in which the inhabitants have been experimenting
with new ways of senior
living. And finally Sun City and other
retirement communities are often seen as
being either a good or bad way of living
in old age. This way of looking at things
has not done much good to the
understanding of Sun City.
SUN CITY
Authors: Toft Anders Høyer 
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of this article is to
enlighten the architectural design process.
This is done through the description of
how the Danish architect office Møller &
Grønborg created a proposal for a new city
in the North Western part of China. The
city is called Sun City and is planned to
be realised within the next 30 years. It is
a city the size of Aarhus housing up to
300.000 inhabitants. The article is divided
into two parts. Part 1 is the description of
the practical creation of the competition
entry to the Sun City competition. Part 2
is an attempt to reformulate the understanding
of the architectural practice on
the basis of how architects actually work
(Sun City competition works as a case
here) and on the basis of actor-network
theory as it is formulated by the French
philosopher Bruno Latour.
SLÆGTSKAB MED DYR
Authors: Tjørnhøj-Thomsen Tine 
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the different forms of connections and relatedness between human
beings and animals under the heading: Kinship with animals. It is based on an
ethnographic study of involuntary childlessness and procreative technologies in
Denmark and takes as its starting point the multiple ways childless people make
analogies to the animal kingdom when they reflect on and recount their infertility and
childlessness. As an example infertile men and women draw analogies to animal
reproduction in order to naturalise and legitimise their wish for children, and they
compare themselves to experimental animals in order to express their experiences
with fertility treatment. Some also refer to their actual relationships with their pets
when they consider, for instance, adoption as a solution to their childlessness. The
article demonstrates that the ways childless people “think with” and relate to animals
are but particular manifestations of a more general Western inclination to integrate
pets in human kinship practices and family life. Kinship with animals, however, has
its limitation. While pets can be thought of and treated as children and family members,
they cannot reproduce personal identity and they cannot connect people in time and
ensure genealogical progression and relatedness.
IMPROVISATION: Sygeplejersker på arbejde i Uganda
Authors: Martin Helle Max 
Published: August 2021

This article is about improvisation, which is a term that nurses in Uganda employ to
describe how they overcome the practical difficulties of working in an institutional
setting, which lacks the necessary equipment, drugs and staff. On the basis of data
from Tororo Hospital in Eastern Uganda, the article explores the meanings of the term
improvisation, how it relates to a general discourse about the nursing profession, and
how the nurses handle and make sense of a complex and contradictory work situation.
Improvisation is a term that both makes customary nursing practice legitimate and
supports a professional identity under pressure. It also articulates a nostalgic longing
for better times – located both in the past, the golden age of nursing, and in the future
since the term improvisation constructs current practice as an interim phenomenon.
Thus, “improvisation” offers a way for the nurses to domesticate the contradictory
forces, which play a prominent part in nursing in Uganda today.
SPROGLIG RELATIVISME: Hvordan og hvornår kommer den til udtryk i ontogenesen?
Authors: De Lopez Kristine Jensen 
Published: August 2021

The paper is a theoretical and empirical contribution to the debate regarding the principle
of language relativity in relation to ontogenesis. In the first part of the paper it is argued
that the division between universal knowledge and culture-specific knowledge which is
present in the new discipline of cognitive science is based on a false dichotomy. This
has led to the ignorance of the complementary contributions that anthropology and
developmental psychology may offer for the investigation of different human knowledge
systems. The status quo regarding recent empirical evidence that demonstrates how
language effects cognition is then presented and discussed in terms of ecological validity.
The second part of the paper presents results from a recent cross-cultural and crosslinguistic
study that demonstrates the early effect of language on cognition. The study
investigates Danish (Scandinavian) and Zapotec (Mexican indigenous) infants’ spatial
cognition with respect to whether this is influenced by the specific linguistic structure of
each of the two languages. The results show that the two groups of children performed
in different, language-specific ways to the presented spatial task. Danish children
expressed a preference for imitating the behaviour of placing one object inside a another
object, whereas the Zapotec children were equally apt to place the respective objects in
an occlusive relationship. The results are discussed with regard to whether they give
support to the Whorfian hypothesis or to the notion of cultural relativity, as reflected in
the work of Vygotsky.
KULTUREL VIDENSDIVERSITET: Om videnssystemers lukkede ontisk-epistemiske fantasier og nødvendigheden af vidensmægling
Authors: Hasse Cathrine 
Published: August 2021

Cultural diversity is often taken to be something visible. We perceive others as different
from us on the basis of their different colours of skin, signs of gender, age, their clothes
etc. In this article I argue that we should be more attentive towards the invisible diversity.
This includes an increased focus on the processes behind our perception of cultural
diversity in the visible world. I argue that cultural learning processes are what can be
recognized as cultural differences. Learning involves an incorporated knowledge of
practice. When this normally tacit body knowledge is called forth in confrontations,
brokers are needed who can understand better the often misunderstood words spoken
in conflicts. The incorporated knowledge makes words meaningful for some, who share
the learning in practice the words refer to, and unintelligible for others, who do not. Such
brokers are important in open conflict, but they are perhaps most important when we
naively accept communicated messages from influential people. We need brokers who
know how to translate the practice of everyday body knowledge in cultural worlds –
even when we from visible surfaces consider us as part of the same culture. We need
brokers who can open up complexities, where none were seen and who can make us
understand that even apparently innocent words and appearances can be understood in
deeper ways demanding a new form of incorporated knowledge. In the “world of physics”,
I argue, such brokers are necessary for a more democratic world. The most likely brokers
are anthropologists, who do not settle for surfaces, but insist on reflecting on their own
incorporated cultural learning processes.
MODSTANDSDYGTIGHED OVER FOR STATSSTYRET IKONOKLASME BLANDT LOMA I GUINEA
Authors: Højbjerg Christian Kordt 
Published: August 2021

Denne artikel er det danske resumé af afhandlingen Resisting State Iconoclasm among
the Loma of Guinea. Den 6. februar 2006 blev afhandlingen antaget til forsvar for den
antropologiske doktorgrad af det Samfundsvidenskabelige Fakultet, Københavns Universitet,
og den er udgivet i Carolina Academic Press’ Ritual Studies Monograph Series.
Resisting State Iconoclasm among the Loma of Guinea er et antropologisk studie af
de årsagssammenhænge, der ligger til grund for en vestafrikansk lokalbefolknings vedvarende
udøvelse af deres såkaldt traditionelle religion. Emnet vedrører en religiøs praksis,
der fra at have været genstand for statsstyret voldelig undertrykkelse siden hen har
udviklet sig til et instrument for vold begået mod nabofolk. Studiet af den tilsyneladende
kontinuitet af religiøse forestillinger og rituelle handlinger baserer sig på to og et halvt års
etnografisk feltarbejde udført i flere omgange blandt mande-talende lomafolk i det
sydøstlige Guinea i perioden 1990-1999. Undersøgelsen inddrager desuden historisk og
komparativt, regionalt materiale af både ældre og nyere dato fra det øvre Guineas skov- og
kystområde, som foruden Guinea bl.a. omfatter landene Liberia og Sierra Leone.
VILJENS SVAGHED: Hamlet og Macbeth
Authors: Hastrup Kirsten 
Published: August 2021

The concept of person derives from latin persona, originally referring to the
ritual or dramatic mask. In classical Rome, the category came to include the
juridical person, who – like other dramatis personae – had a particular position
in society. In this article, an analysis of two well known characters in Shakespeare’s
plays are used to rethink the conflation of the dramatic and social
character in any person. By focussing on the idea of the will as an immanent
feature of the modern person, it is shown how he or she is both cough caught up
in a drama beyond control and contributing to its – unforeseen – course. In this
sense the modern person is like Hamlet or Macbeth, whose destinies were partly
a function of a larger unfolding drama, and partly of their own decisions to act
upon and within it.
SKABELSEN AF DET MODERNE SUBJEKT: Magt og subjektivitet hos Weber, Elias og Foucault
Authors: Villadsen Kaspar 
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the emergence of the modern subject by examining the
work of Max Weber, Nobert Elias and Michel Foucault. It argues that their work
each make key contributions to the genealogy of the modern subject, using a
similar approach to history and sharing a similar focus and power in social life.
Yet, there are also important differences that should be acknowledged when
trying to unify the three criticial thinkers.