bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Adverse Effects and it’s Associations in Patient Medicated with Anti-Tubercular Drugs
Authors: Khadka Priyatam , Rai Bhagwati , Khadga Prem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEvidence suggests that adverse drug effects (ADRs) from long-term therapeutic intervention in tuberculosis are obvious; however, were taken insouciantly due to the only therapeutic alternative. Hence, this study was undertaken to characterize the adverse effects and its association among patients medicated with anti-tubercular drugs.MethodsA longitudinal prospective study was conducted among the patient medicated with anti-tubercular drugs. As per the guideline of Nepal’s National tuberculosis control program (NTP);the treatment category was selected, fixed-dose-regimen was calculated, and the treatment outcome was affirmed. Patients’ demographics and other clinical details were extracted from the repository files and via a pre-tested questionnaire. Upon a consecutive follow-up, observed adverse effects were noted and multivariate logistic analysis against independent factors was done for elucidating any association.ResultsOf 177 cases enrolled, 138(77.9%) reported at least two adverse effects. In our multivariate logistic analysis: female, abnormal body mass index (BMI) i.e. underweight and overweight cases, patients’ behaviors i.e. smoking/drinking or both, clinically diagnosed cases, and intensive treatment phase were independently associated with adverse side effects. Loss of appetite (85.4%) was the commonest while dermatologic manifestations (1.2%) and severe weight-loss (1.2%) were the least observed side-effects among the patient medicated with anti-tubercular drugs.ConclusionsAdverse effects of anti-tubercular therapy are associated with patients’ demographics variables, study settings, treatment phase, and treatment categories. For the clinical management, the symptomatic treatment, regular follow-up after implicated therapy, and temporary therapeutic-discontinuation may be required.
Effect of Phototherapy on the Structure of the Periocular Skin Microbiota of Jaundiced Newborns Wearing Different Eye Patches
Authors: Mo Minling , Lv Anping , Ma Yanan , Fan Sainan , Zhang Kun , Pei-Shan Hsieh , Zhang Jinping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Phototherapy is a very common method to treat jaundice.This study explored whether phototherapy affected the periocular skin microbiota of newborns and whether the use of different eye patches during phototherapy had different effects on the microbiota. Methods Twenty neonates with jaundice were randomly divided into experimental (using modified eye patches) and the control (using conventional eye patches) groups. Skin samples around the eyes were collected before phototherapy and 24h and 48h after phototherapy, and 16SDNA high-throughput sequencing was performed to identify bacterial strains in the microbiota in different time periods. Results No significant difference was found in the basic information, including age, gestational age, body weight, sex, decrease in the bilirubin level, and conjunctivitis, between the two groups (P > 0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed in the abundance of different bacterial strains in the control group before and after phototherapy (P > 0.05). In the control group, the first three strains in the periocular skin were mainly Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium. In the experimental group, the colony abundance in the periocular skin decreased significantly 48 h after phototherapy (P < 0.05); the abundance of some bacteria, such as Enterococcus or Enterobacter, around the eyes decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The skin around the eyes in the experimental group was also dominated by staphylococci and streptococci before and after phototherapy. Conclusion Phototherapy can change the flora of the skin around the eyes of newborns.The skin of newborns who wore conventional eye patches exhibited no significant change in the abundance of bacterial strains after phototherapy, but a significant decrease was observed in those who used improved eye patches.
“Better than having no evaluation done”: Conducting Remote Asylum Evaluations for Clients in a Migrant Encampment in Mexico: A Pilot Project
Authors: Mishori Ranit , Hampton Kathryn , Habbach Hajar , Raker Elsa , Niyogi Anjali , Murphy Dona 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Asylum evaluations are highly specialized medico-legal encounters which collect physical or mental health evidence, or both, and used in immigration proceedings. Although the field of asylum medicine is growing, access to these evaluations is still inadequate, particularly for asylum seekers in immigration detention or other forms of custody, such as under the Migrant Protection Protocols or “Remain in Mexico” policy. Given advances in telemedicine in recent years and growing evidence of similar outcomes with in-person treatment, it seems prudent to examine whether remote modalities may also be effective for conducting mental health asylum evaluations in hard-to-reach populations. Methods: We analyzed the comments of 12 clinicians who conducted a total of 25 cross-border remote mental health evaluations and completed a post-evaluation survey regarding their impressions and experiences. Results: Clinicians encountered a number of challenges including technical difficulties and a decreased ability to establish rapport. Nearly uniformly, however, clinicians noted that despite difficulties, they were able achieve the goals of the evaluation, including rapport building and diagnosis. Conclusion: remote evaluations appear to be non-inferior to in-person encounters and may be useful in expanding legal options for hard-to-reach asylum seekers.
Effect of anticholinergic burden on the onset of delirium in elderly hospitalized patientsassessed by 3 anticholinergic scales
Authors: GOY NGOMBENZALE , EPOUPA JESSICA , BIER JEAN-CHRISTOPHE , NAEIJE GILLES , BEERNAERT LAETITIA , NICOLAY CAMILLE , DE BREUCKER SANDRA 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Several studies have demonstrated the deleterious effects of anticholinergic drugs on the cognitive functions of the elderly. However, their effects on the onset of delirium have produced conflicting results. We assessed the association of the anticholinergic burden of treatment at admission according to 3 anticholinergic scales, the ADS, the modified ADS (mADS) and the Marante Scale on the onset of delirium in elderly hospitalized patients. We also analyzed the inter-rater reliability of the scales and their prognostic value in terms of length of stay and hospital mortality.Methods: This retrospective study included patients over 75 years of age hospitalized in medical and surgical departments between January 2014 and June 2019. Delirium was diagnosed by the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). The anticholinergic burden was assessed by ADS, mADS and Marante Scale in patients with and without delirium.Results were reported as percentages for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation (SD) and median [interquartile range] for continuous variables after Kolmogorov- Smirnov distribution test. Descriptive statistics were performed using paired Student t-test or Chi-square test. Spearman’s correlation was run to assess the inter-rater reliability between ADS, mADS and the Marante Scale. Results: Among the 1487 patients included, 26% developed delirium. No statistically significant difference in anticholinergic burden was observed between the delirium group and the control group, regardless of the anticholinergic scale used. The correlation coefficient was respectively 0.35 and 0.33 between ADS, mADS and the Marante Scale, and 0.97 between ADS and mADS (all p<0.001). None of the three scales were associated with length of stay, intra-hospital mortality, or one-year mortality. In multivariate analysis, ADS and mADS scores were independently associated with depression (p=0.003 and <0.0001), drug withdrawal (both p<0.001) and the number of drugs on admission (both p<0.001), and Marante Scale score was independently associated with living in a nursing home (p=0.018) and the number of drugs on admission (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Regardless of the scale used, we did not demonstrate a significant association between the anticholinergic burden of treatment upon admission and the onset of delirium during hospitalization.
Trends in Infant Mortality and Stillbirth Rates in Scotland by Socio-Economic Position, 2000-2018: A Longitudinal Ecological Study
Authors: Harpur Alice , Minton Jon , Ramsay Julie , McCartney Gerry , Fenton Lynda , Campbell Harry , Wood Rachael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:As Scotland strives to become a country where children flourish in their early years, it is faced with the challenge of socio-economic health inequalities, which are at risk of worsening amidst austerity policies. The aim of this study was to explore trends in infant mortality rates (IMR) and stillbirth rates by socio-economic position (SEP) in Scotland, between 2000-2018, inclusive.Methods:Data for live births, infant deaths, and stillbirths between 2000-2018 were obtained from National Records of Scotland. Annual IMR and stillbirth rates were calculated and visualised for all of Scotland and when stratified by SEP. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the association between SEP and infant mortality and stillbirth events, and to assess for break points in trends over time. The slope (SII) and relative (RII) index of inequality compared absolute and relative socio-economic inequalities in IMR and stillbirth rates before and after 2010.Results:IMR fell from 5.7 to 3.2 deaths per 1000 live births between 2000-2018, with no change in trend identified. Stillbirth rates were relatively static between 2000-2008 but experienced accelerated reduction from 2009 onwards. When stratified by SEP, inequalities in IMR and stillbirth rates persisted throughout the study and were greatest amongst the sub-group of post-neonates. Although comparison of the SII and RII in IMR and stillbirths before and after 2010 suggested that inequalities remained stable, descriptive trends in mortality rates displayed a 3-year rise in the most deprived quintiles from 2015 onwards.Conclusion:Whilst Scotland has experienced downward trends in IMR and stillbirth rates between 2000-2018, the persistence of socio-economic inequalities and suggestion that mortality rates amongst the most deprived groups may be worsening warrants further action to improve maternal health and strengthen support for families with young children.
A Novel Posterior Spinal Fusion Technology with Local Bone for a Degenerative Spine: A Preliminary Report of 48 Cases
Authors: Xi Chun yang , hui chi , XU Wenxiao , Wang Guang xi , Kong Peng yu , Wang Yu fu , Yan Jing long 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: There were lower rate of solid bony union in the traditional posterolateral lumbar fusion. And previous studies have showed that paraspinal musculature provided predominant vascular ingrowth into the fusion mass. The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel posterior fusion technique which utilized orthotopic paraspinal muscle-pediculated bone flaps for increasing blood supply and accelerating the healing of local bone grafts. In addition, the feasibility, safety, and early outcome of this method were evaluated. Methods: 48 patients of degenerative lumbar disorders were treated with the novel posterior lumbar fusion method. To analyze early complications, rate of fusion and clinical outcome. The fusion status was assessed by three-dimensional reconstruction of CT at at 6 months and 1 year after surgery. The VAS, ODI and SF-36 were assessed pre- and postoperatively.Results: All the patients were followed up for 2 years at least. No operative or postoperative complications were encountered. There was significant statistical difference in VAS, ODI and SF-36 before and after operation (P<0.01). Satisfactory fusion was observed at 6-months follow-up. There was only one case not formed solid fusion at the last follow-up.Conclusions: The posterior lumbar fusion method was such a novel and useful technique that made the position of bone graft more precise and stable that it can increase the fusion rate. This method has decreased the incidence rate of pseudarthrosis, and could get satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Drug shortages in a state-owned academic hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador
Authors: Vélez-Páez Jorge Luis , Salazar-Erazo Diego E. , Castelo-Vigme Juan P. , Jiménez-Arias Andrea C. , Cevallos-Vique Verónica M. , Fernández Lisandro , Durán Carlos E. , Henríquez-Trujillo Aquiles R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

During a pandemic, medical supplies are at increased risk of being depleted rapidly. The COVID-19 sanitary emergency has generated global shortages in critical supplies, like personal protective equipment and medicines. This study aimed to describe the pharmaceutical procurement challenges to overcome medicine shortages in a state-owned academic hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador.
Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study using secondary administrative data of documented public tenders for medicines and drug prescriptions for the critical care unit at Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez in Quito, Ecuador. The occurrence of shortages, their frequency, and the procurement mechanisms used to overcome them were documented by the pharmacy service between January 1st and July 31th, 2020. The units purchased and unitary price of pharmaceuticals procured by the hospital was also documented and compared to data from 2019.
Results

From 38 medicines analyzed from 12 ATC groups, there were 84 shortages during the sanitary emergency period covered by the study, and 25 medicines had one or more shortages. Norepinephrine and midazolam shortages were most frequent. Retail or emergency direct purchase and loan-stock from other public hospitals were the main procurement methods to overcome the shortages. The purchase mechanism directly influenced the price. Drugs purchased in small tenders via retail or emergency direct purchase had the most significant price increase (up to 819%), while medicines acquired via the electronic catalog managed by the public procurement service experienced no price changes.
Conclusion

Monitoring and responding to drug shortages during a pandemic can be challenging, and governments must adapt quickly, providing specific guidance on how to deal with shortages.
EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL STRENGTH AFTER COMPRESSION OF METFORMIN 500MG TABLETS PRODUCED BY DIFFERENT WET ROUTES
Authors: NASCIMENTO NATALIA C. D. O. , BOLDO EMERSON M. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This work evaluated the post-compression hardness gain of Metformin tablets made from two granulates of the same formulation, but with different formation principles, one by the fluidized bed and the other in a V-shaped mixer.
Methods: The base granulate for the production of the tablets was prepared using Metformin HCL as the main active ingredient. After compression, the prepared tablets were tested with different evaluation parameters like relative humidity, apparent and compacted density, granulometric dispersion, hardness, moisture content, and friability for complete characterization.
Results: All prepared samples were within the pre-established humidity ranges (MT1 = 3.31%, MT2 = 2.72%, MT3 = 1.73%, LF1 = 3.25%, LF2 = 2.43% and LF3 = 1.79%). The density determination showed that the granules produced in the fluidized bed are less dense than those of the V mixer. LF2 sample had an apparent density of 0.525 g/ml and a compacted density of 0.546 g/ml, while the MT2 sample had an apparent density of 0.711 g/ml and a compacted density of 0.738 g/ml, corroborating the greater porosity of granules produced in a fluidized bed. It was found that there is a difference in the increase in hardness between the two granulation methods. The tablets manufactured from the granules elaborated in a V-shaped mixer showed a greater gain in comparison with those produced in the fluid bed. The MT1 sample had the highest gain percentage, reaching 99.47%, 48 h after compression. The MT2 sample obtained, for the same time, 76.34%, at a much slower speed than MT1. As for the other samples, all increased between 24 and 42%. These results are justified by the migration of agglutination liquid that occurs during the drying step.
Conclusion: This work demonstrated that the product Metformin 500 mg tablet has increased hardness after compression, with most significance in the first hour after the procedure. It was possible to verify that the tablets made from the granules produced in a V-shaped mixer have a greater increase in hardness than those produced by the fluidized bed, in the same humidity range.
A propósito de lo hipermaterial
Authors: Paláu Castaño Luis Alfonso 
Published: March 2021

Traducción del francés al español de Luis Alfonso Paláu-Castaño
«Bernard Stiegler: La tentación es una cuestión esencial y permanente en la existencia del ser no-inhumano. Simondon (2007, 2009) lo ha establecido perfectamente. La tentación puede ser un tema religioso, pero marca mucho más profundamente como su ley toda la organización psíquica y social en tanto que proceso dinámico en donde se enfrentan tendencias. Es algo indudable que haya en nuestros días tentaciones de todo género, a la vez las insertas en un fondo muy arcaico de tendencias primarias y las que son por completo específicas de nuestra época y de las posibilidades insignes que aquí abre su devenir tecnológico; que tales tentaciones sean un problema, es decir, que puedan conducir a procesos regresivos y que esas formas regresivas sean ellas mismas completamente específicas de nuestra época.»
Palavras originárias e pensamentos visíveis: ambivalência, imagem, criação
Authors: Rezende Diego 
Published: March 2021

Investigação que tem como objetivo analisar e aprimorar os processos de criação em torno das excitações intelectuais provocadas pela “ambivalência”. Em um primeiro momento, examinaremos o desenvolvimento do conceito de “ambivalência” nos textos psicanalíticos de Sigmund Freud. Para isso, abordaremos seus trabalhos sobre a noção de “inconsciente” e sobre o significado de “palavras originárias”. Em um segundo momento, analisaremos imagens criadas por René Magritte no intuito de explorarmos a “ambivalência” presente em seus “pensamentos visíveis”. E, em um terceiro e último momento, articulando os tópicos anteriores, esboçaremos a possibilidade de delimitarmos uma “poética visual da ambivalência”. AbstractResearch that seeks to analyze and improve the creative processes around the intellectual excitations caused by “ambivalence”. At first, we will examinethe development of the concept of “ambivalence” in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic texts. For this, we will approach your work on the notion of “unconscious”and on the meaning of “original words”. In a second step, we will analyze images created by René Magritte in order to explore the “ambivalence” present in his “visible thoughts”. And, in a third and last moment, articulating the previous topics, we will outline the possibility of delimiting a “visual poetics of ambivalence”.
Arte e resistência micropolítica: o museu-clínica como exercício de hospitalidade
Authors: Proença Luiza 
Published: March 2021

Em torno da ideia de hospitalidade, o ensaio investiga a possibilidade de políticas no campo da arte que se desloquem dos hábitos acomodados de assimilação de diferenças em direção a dinâmicas mais atentas às vidas que pulsam dentro e fora das instituições artísticas, como forma de resistência à cultura de hostilidade e repressão. Este deslocamento é pensado com a ajuda da documentação do Congresso de Psicodrama realizado no Museu de Arte de São Paulo, em 1970, um evento que esboçou o museu-clínica, sugerindo a instauração de processos simultaneamente clínicos, políticos, éticos e estéticos e de análise institucional. AbstractFrom the idea of hospitality, the essay investigates the possibility of politics in the art field that could move from the accommodated habits of assimilation towards dynamics more attentive to the lives that pulsate inside and outside art institutions, as a form of resistance to the culture of hostility and repression. This movement is thought through the documentation of the Psychodrama Congress held at the São Paulo Art Museum, in 1970, an event that outlined the museum-clinic, suggesting the establishment of processes of institutional analysis and that involves, simultaneously, a clinical, political, ethical, and aesthetic dimension.
Os materiais aparentemente não mais utilitários são os únicos que de alguma forma são úteis
Authors: Furtado Manoela 
Published: March 2021

Manoela recolhe objetos descartados que encontra em seus trajetos pela cidade e propõe novas condições de funcionamento a essas mercadorias sucateadas. Ao deter-se sob materiais que estão à margem de uma sociedade calcada na economia de trocas comerciais - que foram fatalmente direcionados ao lixo por perderem sua serventia -, os estabelece como sobras desvalorizadas que tem potencial estético. Assim, subverte a lógica normatizante ao criar modos insurgentes de existência baseadas no contato e no afeto do que é considerado ordinário. Abstract Manoela collects discarded objects she finds in her paths about town and proposes new working conditions to these scrapped goods. By focusing on materials - fatally led to being discarded for losing their usefulness - that are on the sidelines of a society based on commercial transactions, stabilishes them as devalued scraps with aesthetic potential. Thus, she subverts the normalizing logic in creating insurgent ways of existence based on connection and affection to what is considered ordinary.
DINAMIZANDO O ENSINO DE INGLÊS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: EXPERIÊNCIAS DE ENSINO ATRAVÉS DO INSTAGRAM DE UM PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO
Authors: Martins Suellen Thomaz de Aquino 
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho apresenta a proposta do UESC English in quarantine, ação do projeto de extensão “Dinamizando o Ensino de Língua Inglesa” da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), que aborda o ensino de inglês e promove oportunidades de aprendizagem por meio das redes sociais durante a pandemia. Baseando-se no referencial teórico de Costa (et al., 2015), Gohn (1999), Nunan (1989), Walsh (2005), Atkinson (1987), Stibbard (1998) e Ardichvili (2008), discutem-se as experiências de ensino na rede social e desenvolve-se uma compreensão inicial dos desafios e potencialidades envolvidos neste processo. Metodologicamente a ação acontece, exclusivamente, através do Instagram, por meio de atividades que oportunizam interações na língua-alvo, pela utilização de diversas ferramentas disponibilizadas nessa plataforma digital. Mediante o desenvolvimento das atividades, constataram-se as potencialidades de uso do Instagram para o ensino de inglês promovendo a interação na língua-alvo com os seguidores-participantes, além de evidências de construção de uma comunidade de aprendizagem colaborativa utilizando-se essa plataforma.