bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ct Findings of Covid-19 Pneumonia in Icu-Patients
Authors: Cau Riccardo , Falaschi Zeno , Paschè Alessio , Danna Pietro , Arioli Roberto , Arru Chiara D. , Zagaria Domenico , Tricca Stefano , Suri Jasjit S. , Kalra Mannudeep K. , Carriero Alessandro , Saba Luca 
Published: April 2021

Background In December 2019, a cluster of unknown etiology pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, China leading to identification of the responsible pathogen as SARS-coV-2. Since then, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to the entire world. Computed Tomography (CT) is frequently used to assess severity and complications of COVID-19 pneumonia. The purpose of this study is to compare the CT patterns and clinical characteristics in intensive care unit (ICU) and non- ICU patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Design and methods This retrospective study included 218 consecutive patients (136 males; 82 females; mean age 63±15 years) with laboratory-confirmed SARS-coV-2. Patients were categorized in two different groups: (a) ICU patients and (b) non-ICU inpatients. We assessed the type and extent of pulmonary opacities on chest CT exams and recorded the information on comorbidities and laboratory values for all patients. Results Of the 218 patients, 23 (20 males: 3 females; mean age 60 years) required ICU admission, 195 (118 males: 77 females, mean age 64 years) were admitted to a clinical ward. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients were predominantly males (60% versus 83% p=0.03), had more comorbidities, a positive CRP (p=0.04) and higher LDH values (p=0.008). ICU patients’ chest CT demonstrated higher incidence of consolidation (p=0.03), mixed lesions (p=0.01), bilateral opacities (p<0.01) and overall greater lung involvement by consolidation (p=0.02) and GGO (p=0.001). Conclusions CT imaging features of ICU patients affected by COVID-19 are significantly different compared with non-ICU patients. Identification of CT features could assist in a stratification of the disease severity and supportive treatment.
On the Finiteness length of some soluble linear groups
Authors: Santos Rego Yuri 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGiven a commutative unital ringR, we show that the finiteness length of a groupGis bounded above by the finiteness length of the Borel subgroup of rank one$\textbf {B}_2^{\circ }(R)=\left ( \begin {smallmatrix} * & * \\ 0 & * \end {smallmatrix}\right )\leq \operatorname {\textrm {SL}}_2(R)$wheneverGadmits certainR-representations with metabelian image. Combined with results due to Bestvina–Eskin–Wortman and Gandini, this gives a new proof of (a generalization of) Bux’s equality on the finiteness length ofS-arithmetic Borel groups. We also give an alternative proof of an unpublished theorem due to Strebel, characterizing finite presentability of Abels’ groups$\textbf {A}_n(R) \leq \operatorname {\textrm {GL}}_n(R)$in terms ofnand$\textbf {B}_2^{\circ }(R)$. This generalizes earlier results due to Remeslennikov, Holz, Lyul’ko, Cornulier–Tessera, and points out to a conjecture about the finiteness length of such groups.
Cancellation of two classes of dirichlet coefficients over Beatty sequences
Authors: Ma Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLet
$\pi $
be an automorphic irreducible cuspidal representation of
$\mathrm{GL}_{m}$
over
$\mathbb {Q}$
. Denoted by
$\lambda _{\pi }(n)$
the nth coefficient in the Dirichlet series expansion of
$L(s,\pi )$
associated with
$\pi $
. Let
$\pi _{1}$
be an automorphic irreducible cuspidal representation of
$\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb {Z})$
. Denoted by
$\lambda _{\pi _{1}\times \pi _{1}}(n)$
the nth coefficient in the Dirichlet series expansion of
$L(s,\pi _{1}\times \pi _{1})$
associated with
$\pi _{1}\times \pi _{1}$
. In this paper, we study the cancellations of
$\lambda _{\pi }(n)$
and
$\lambda _{\pi _{1}\times \pi _{1}}(n)$
over Beatty sequences.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients less than 40 years in a Nigerian population
Authors: Lawal A.O , Adisa A.O , Effiom O.A 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Oral cancer ranks amongst the sixth to eight most common cancers worldwide and exhibits a great variation in incidence among countries. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is rare in individuals less than 40 years of age, with occurrences averaging 4 to 6% in people less than 40 years. The aim of this study was to review the clinical and pathological characteristics of OSCC cases in patients less than 40 years of age in five tertiary health facilities in Nigeria.Methods:All OSCC in the period from 1970 to 2015 from case file records and biopsy reports were retrieved from the records of the five teaching hospitals, to obtain age, gender, location and histologic grades.Results: Ninety-seven (17.4%) cases of OSCC were diagnosed in patients less than 40 years of age. These included 58 males and 38 females giving a male: female ratio of 1.5:1. The mandibular mucosa with 27 (28.7%) cases was the most common site followed by the maxillary mucosa with 24 (25.5%) and palate with 14 (14.4%) cases. Only 5 (5.3 %) cases of OSCC occurred in the tongue. The well differentiated OSCC was the most common histological grade accounting for 48 (50.0 %) cases while the moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated OSCC accounted for 31 (32.3 %) and 17 (17.7 %) cases respectively.Conclusion: OSCC was relatively more common in patients less than 40 years of age in this study than those of previous studies from other regions and OSCC in patients less than 40 years of age was relatively rare in the tongue when compared with similar cohorts from other continents.
Key words: oral squamous cell carcinoma; age less than 40; tongue; mandibular mucosa, Nigeria
Implementation Issues in Rural Development in Sub-Saharan African Countries: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Okosun VA , Ezomo JO 
Published: April 2021

It is a credo amongst scholars cum academics all over the globe that well coordinated and elaborate programmes and policies of rural development mounted by the third world countries in sub-Saharan Africa will lift her entire citizenry from manacle of gross underdevelopment to a region of development in all facets of their economies. The countries in sub-Saharan African have spent trillions of dollars in rural development sector but an overview of the economies of these countries show that the vast population are marooned and encapsulated in gross poverty, ignorance, and underdevelopment. The reason is attributable to poor implementation of rural development policies and programmes coupled with a host of variegated factors. This paper therefore defines the concept of implementation and rural development. The authors of this paper adopt the modernization theory to explicate the work. It discusses the significance of rural development to the economies of Sub-Saharan African countries. The paper also explains how poor implementation of rural development programmes affects these countries. Moreover, it orchestrates the factors/problems that impede rural development drives of various governments in Sub-Saharan African. Furthermore, it elucidates on the prospects of rural development. The paper finally suggests that an effective implementation of rural development programmes in all ramifications is the only vehicle for rapid growth and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Atividades de Prática como Componente Curricular na Licenciatura em Matemática na Perspectiva de Professores Formadores e Professores Iniciantes na Educação Básica
Authors: Antunes Barbosa Lucas Diego , Lutaif Bianchini Barbara 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo teve o objetivo de investigar quais atividades de Prática como Componente Curricular são vivenciadas por professores formadores e professores iniciantes na sua trajetória acadêmica e/ou profissional. O referencial teórico que nos embasou tem como foco uma conceitualização da palavra prática, que está inserida em aplicação da teoria, experiências ou atividade. Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 professores: nove formadores de três Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia e três professores iniciantes, egressos da licenciatura em Matemática destas instituições. Para a análise dos dados produzidos nas entrevistas utilizamos os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo de Bardin, pré-análise, exploração do material e inferência. Os entrevistados vivenciaram a Prática como Componente Curricular a partir de atividades que poderiam ser desenvolvidas a partir da simulação de aulas, discussões sobre avaliação e métodos de pesquisa, resolução de problemas, análise de erros, leitura de textos de Educação Matemática, elaboração de material didático, observação em sala de aula, elaboração de atividades para escolas da educação básica, discussão de metodologias de ensino e regência de aulas em escolas da educação básica, acompanhado de um tutor. Nas conclusões, ressaltamos que que a Prática como Componente Curricular precisa ser desenvolvida em todas as disciplinas dos cursos de formação inicial de professores, por meio de atividades que tenha o foco na teoria e na prática.
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Crop damage by wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) depending on the crop composition in Central-Eastern Poland
Authors: Piekarczyk Paweł , Tajchman Katarzyna , Belova Olgirda , Wójcik Maciej 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to analyse the damage caused by wild boar Sus scrofa to crop fields located in the central-eastern Poland in relation with the crop composition. A significant increase in the grassland area and in the area under cultivation of total cereals, vegetables, fruit, and root crops (p ≤ 0.05) was revealed on the study area. The volume of damage caused to legumes, industrial plants, vegetables, and fruit increased simultaneously with the increase in the surface area under these plant groups (p ≤ 0.05). The compensation payment has markedly positively correlated with the damaged area of grassland, cereals, maize, root crops, legumes and an increase in the total damage (p ≤ 0.05). The number of compensations has a significant effect on the number of wild boars harvested on the studied areas (p ≤ 0.05). The number of wild boars and the number of harvested wild boars were strongly negatively correlated with the area of maize cultivation (p ≤ 0.05). The level of wild boar hunting increased markedly simultaneously with the increase in the damage caused by these animals (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, it was shown that the number of harvested wild boars increased considerably with the increase in the number of wild boars on the study area (p ≤ 0.05). The level of damage to cereals, maize, and industrial plants decreased significantly with an increase in the total area and forest area in the study territory (p ≤ 0.05). Keywords: Sus scrofa, impact on crops, damage, recommendations
Significance of changes in general clinical analysis of blood and thyroid status in people with neoplasm of the thyroid gland
Authors: Polion M. Y. , Hladkykh N. О. , Zalyubovska O. I. , Hrytsenko P. O. 
Published: April 2021

Background. One of the major challenges of modern medicine is prevention and early detection of diseases, especially malignant tumors, since the stage does influence the prognosis and treatment costs. Thyroid involvement is currently one of the leading endocrine disorders in terms of overall morbidity and prevalence in the world. Thyroid cancer is one of the localizations, which being timely detected and properly treated, has a favorable prognosis, when 20–30-year survival rate exceeds 90 %. Therefore, the search for simple, minimally invasive, but highly informative techniques for optimizing the algorithms for diagnosis, differential diagnosis and monitoring of this disease remains a priority.
Purpose – to determine and substantiate the diagnostic value of comprehensive assessment of the thyroid status and full blood count values in patients with thyroid nodules.
Materials and methods. The study involved 60 patients with thyroid nodules, which according to ultrasonography (US) of the thyroid were classified as TR-4 category of thyroid nodules, TIRADS scale (4–6 points, suspected malignant thyroid changes). The examination included the following: questionnaire, ultrasound examination with fine-needle aspiration puncture biopsy, cytological examination, counting the thyroid hormone concentration, full blood count. The study was carried out at the premises of State Institution “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”.
Results. Assessment of thyroid status of patients with thyroid nodules showed a significant correlation between the severity of thyroid malignancy and TSH levels (according to Kruskal – Wallis test, H = 7.30, p < 0.05), FT4 (H = 17.64, p < 0.001) and FT3 (H = 12.41, p < 0.01). Patients of Group I with benign thyroid process showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total hemoglobin along with significantly frequent (p < 0.05) microcytic anemia. According to the studies, Group II had a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total platelet count and plateletcrit, as well as an increased average platelet volume and the percentage of large platelets compared to Group I. The blood values in malignant thyroid process (Group III) are characterized by increased levels of leukocytes and the proportion of eosinophils and basophils in the leukocyte formula compared to Group II (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. The outcomes of comprehensive assessment of thyroid status and full blood count values in patients with thyroid nodules can be used in preoperative diagnosis as a differential prognostic tool to assess their malignant potential.
Applicability of sonoelastography in leiomyoma and adenomyosis
Authors: Sharmazanova О. P. , Safonova I. N. , Mityakova Y. S. 
Published: April 2021

Background. Uterine leiomyoma and endometriosis are common gynecological diseases of women in childbearing potential. This fact necessitates developing an optimal protocol for examination of patients in order to implement an individual approach to treatment. Diagnosis of mixed forms of pathological myometrium conditions causes some difficulties. Elastography technique makes it possible to assess the density of the myometrium, which may be essential for differentiating the diagnosis of leiomyoma and adenomyosis in mixed forms.
Рurpose – to ascertain the potential of transvaginal ultrasound along with compression sonoelastography to determine the deformation coefficient in differential diagnosis of various pathological myometrium conditions.
Materials and methods. The paper presents the analysis of elastographic findings of the uterus in 155 women obtained via compression sonoelastography performed by means of HITACHI AVIUS device. Patients were divided into 4 groups: control, women with uterine leiomyoma, uterine adenomyosis, with combined leiomyoma and adenomyosis. The transabdominal/ transvaginal ultrasound findings were confirmed by histopathological examination. The standard point scale was used to determine the deformation coefficient.
Results. Elastographic characteristics were assessed in accordance with sonoelastography findings, i. e. deformation coefficients common in leiomyoma and adenomyosis. The maximum values of the deformation coefficient were obtained in leiomyoma (in an amount of 2 to 6.0 units). In case of diffuse or focal adenomyosis, the deformation coefficient was in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 units indicating high myometrial elasticity vs the unchanged myometrium. For its part, in Group I (control), the deformation coefficient ranged from 1 to 1.7 units. High myometrial elasticity in adenomyosis vs the unchanged myometrium as well low elasticity or high density of the myometrium in leiomyoma were observed.
Conclusions. The deformation coefficients in patients with leiomyoma and adenomyosis and unchanged myometrium were obtained via ultrasound with compression sonoelastography and they made it possible to determine the degree of elasticity of the myometrium and its changes in the relevant pathology. Elastography is capable of identifying clear distinctive features of leiomyoma and adenomyosis. The coincidence of the diagnosis of adenomyosis based on elastography and histology is significant, but not optimal. The unchanged myometrium has a certain elasticity, which can be equated to a numerical value, i. e. the deformation coefficient, and this param changes in case of leiomyoma or adenomyosis, which makes it possible to differentiate these pathological conditions of the myometrium.
Women’s Expectations and Experiences Regarding Nursing Support during Childbirth
Authors: Metwally Sabah M. , Shehata Nabaweya S. , Abd El haleem Sabah A. 
Published: April 2021

Context: Women giving birth always need to be provided by support and care during childbirth, trustful relationships with the health professionals, mainly childbirth nurses. The midwife can promote women feeling of being empowered and subsequently having positive experience and satisfaction during childbirth.
Aim: The study aimed to assess the women's expectations and experiences regarding nursing support during childbirth.
Methods: A descriptive design utilized in carrying out this study. A purposive sample of 400 women recruited in this study that conducted at the antenatal clinic and postnatal room, Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. The study utilizes three tools: A structured interview questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics of the study sample, the expectations of nursing support during labor and birth, and the childbirth experience questionnaire.
Results:58.3% of the studied sample had negative expectations toward nursing support.62.6% of the studied sample had negative experiences toward childbirth.
Conclusions: The study concluded that more than half of the studied sample had negative expectations toward nursing support. Besides, slightly less than two-thirds of the studied sample had negative experiences toward childbirth. Also, there was a highly significant correlation between the total expectations of the nursing support score of the studied sample and their total childbirth experiences. The study recommended conducting an educational program to childbirth nurses regarding expectant mothers' expectations, wishes, and needs during labor.
Preparation and Properties of In Situ Grown Cr2O3 Diffusion Barrier Between Ni Coating and 316L Stainless Steel in Molten Fluoride Salts
Authors: Wang Yanli , Wang Ping , Wang Changxuan , Zhang Shenghua 
Published: April 2021

A Cr2O3 diffusion barrier was formed in situ between Ni coating and 316L through electroplating a Ni(NiO) transition layer first and then annealing at 900°C for 8 h in Ar. The obtained Cr2O3 is dense, continuously grown, and well bonded with 316L. The diffusion and corrosion resistance of Ni coating with and without Cr2O3 diffusion barrier were investigated. No visible outer diffusion of elements was found during the heat treatment at 750°C for 150 h, and the Ni coating with a Cr2O3 diffusion barrier can provide a good protection for 316L in molten (Li,Na,K)F.
Comparison Between Isoflurane and Sevoflurane on Pulse Rate in Patients Under Going General Surgery
Authors: Ismael Ismael Waadullah , Mghames Husam K. , Khulaif Mortatha A. , Jaafer Zahraa T. 
Published: April 2021

The inhalational agents are very important to maintain the depth of anesthesia, provide analgesia and muscle relaxant. Many factors have effect of anesthetic gases, including type in an anesthetic agents and its MAC and other properties and postoperative stays. This study were designed to comparison between isoflurane and sevoflurane as inhalational agents on the pulse rate during general anesthesia.
This prospective study were carried out at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City Complex, Baghdad/Iraq from 2nd January 2020 – 20th February 2020.
Thirty (30) patients between 7 - 68 years old were enrolled in this study. Male was 13 and female was 17, in all selected patients, pulse rate was recorded at baseline, at intubation at 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30min, 40 min of the time of operation, extubation, and recovery.
Results showed that the pulse rate at baseline there is not significant different in pulse rate of each gas, at intubation there is significant change in pulse rate, at 5 min ,10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 40 min, extubation, recovery there is not significant different in pulse rate.
Isoprene and monoterpene emissions from alder, aspen and spruce short-rotation forest plantations in the United Kingdom
Authors: Purser Gemma , Drewer Julia , Heal Mathew R. , Sircus Robert A. S. , Dunn Lara K. , Morison James I. L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. An expansion of bioenergy has been proposed to help reduce fossil-fuel greenhouse gas emissions, and short-rotation forestry (SRF) can contribute to this expansion. However, SRF plantations could also be sources of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions, which can impact atmospheric air quality. In this study, emissions of isoprene and 11 monoterpenes from the branches and forest floor of hybrid aspen, Italian alder and Sitka spruce stands in an SRF field trial in central Scotland were measured during two years (2018–2019) and used to derive emission potentials for different seasons. Sitka spruce was included as a comparison as it is the most extensive plantation species in the UK. Winter and spring emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes were small compared to those in summer. Sitka spruce had a standardised mean emission rate of 15 µgCg-1h-1 for isoprene in the dry and warm summer of 2018 – more than double the emissions in 2019. However, standardised mean isoprene emissions from hybrid aspen were similar across both years, approximately 23 µgCg-1h-1, and standardised mean isoprene emissions from Italian alder were very low. Mean standardised total monoterpene emissions for these species followed a similar pattern of higher standardised emissions in the warmer year: Sitka spruce emitting 4.5 and 2.3 µgCg-1h-1 for 2018 and 2019, aspen emitting 0.3 and 0.09 µgCg-1h-1, and Italian alder emitting 1.5 and 0.2 µgCg-1h-1, respectively. In contrast to these foliage emissions, the forest floor was only a small source of monoterpenes, typically 1 or 2 orders of magnitude lower than foliage emissions on a unit of ground area basis. Estimates of total annual emissions from each plantation type per hectare were derived using the MEGAN 2.1 model. The modelled total BVOC (isoprene and monoterpenes) emissions of SRF hybrid aspen plantations were approximately half those of Sitka spruce for plantations of the same age. Italian alder SRF emissions were 20 times smaller than from Sitka spruce. The expansion of bioenergy plantations to 0.7 Mha has been suggested for the UK to help achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The model estimates show that, with such an expansion, total UK BVOC emissions would increase between <1 % and 35 %, depending on the tree species planted. Whereas increases might be small on a national scale, regional increases might have a larger impact on local air quality.