bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Über die Anfänge der Rechtsmedizin an der Universität zu Köln
Authors: Hesso Arifa , Rothschild Markus A. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungAm 09.06.2021 kann das Institut für Rechtsmedizin in Köln auf 50 Jahre seines Bestehens zurückblicken und ist heute eines der bestausgestatteten Institute in Deutschland. Das Institut verdankt seine Existenz zwei besonderen Errungenschaften: zum einen den Bemühungen der Repräsentanten der Gerichtsmedizin an der Universität zu Köln, die die Idee von der fachlichen Eigenständigkeit geltend machten und die soziale Notwendigkeit eines gerichtsärztlichen Instituts vertraten, zum anderen der letztendlichen Angliederung des gerichtsärztlichen Institutes als akademische Lehranstalt an der Universität zu Köln. Diese Ereignisse berührten unmittelbar die Entstehungsgeschichte des Instituts. Der vorliegende Beitrag stützt sich primär auf archivalische Quellen. Das Kölner Universitätsarchiv ist im Besitz von umfangreichen Akten, die Auskunft zu den Verhandlungen zwischen der Medizinischen Fakultät, der Universität und der Stadt Köln sowie zu den Provisoriumsplanungen geben, die letztendlich einen Institutsbetrieb ermöglichten. Demzufolge basiert dieser Beitrag grundlegend auf diesen archivierten Schriftstücken, da sie eine repräsentative Quelle für ihre Zeit sind. Trotz dieser Archivalien ist insgesamt über die Jahre wenig erhalten geblieben, sodass Fragen offen bleiben, die besonders Zustände in der frühen Neuzeit betreffen, und sich die Geschichte somit nicht vollständig rekonstruieren lässt.
Fallbericht: Tod eines 2-jährigen Mädchens bei postmortaler Diagnose einer seltenen, Kawasaki-Syndrom-typischen Koronararterienvaskulitis
Authors: Kanngießer K. , Kono N. , Suhren J.-T. , Klintschar M. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Kawasaki-Syndrom, eine Autoimmunvaskulitis der Koronararterien, ist eine zumindest in Deutschland seltene Erkrankung, welche sich typischerweise im Kindesalter manifestiert. Die Symptomatik ist weitgehend unspezifisch, wobei die Erkrankung zu schwerwiegenden Komplikationen mit Ausbildung von Gefäßaneurysmen und Thrombosen bis hin zum Herzinfarkt führen kann. Im Zusammenhang mit der COVID-19-Pandemie sind seit Anfang letzten Jahres gehäuft Fälle mit Kawasaki-Syndrom-ähnlichem Erkrankungsbild bei Kindern mit positivem SARS-CoV-2-Nachweis bekannt geworden.Aus aktuellem Anlass wird daher über ein 2 Jahre altes Kind aus der Prä-COVID-19-Ära berichtet, welches über 6 Tage an Fieber litt. Nach vorübergehender Besserung entwickelte sich dann innerhalb eines Tages eine akute und letztlich tödlich verlaufende Verschlechterung des Gesundheitszustandes.Im Rahmen der Obduktion und weiterführender Untersuchungen konnte eine Autoimmunvaskulitis der rechten und des Hauptstamms der linken Koronararterie mit Aneurysmabildung, vereinbar mit einem Kawasaki-Syndrom, nachgewiesen und als Todesursache ein Herzinfarkt auf dem Boden thrombotischer Verschlüsse der Koronararterienaneursymen festgestellt werden.Gerade vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Ereignisse sollte bei fieberhaften sowie viralen Infekten in der Vorgeschichte und autoptisch makroskopisch auffällig dilatierten bzw. thrombosierten Koronararterien bzw. Herzinfarkten im Kindesalter neben anderen Differenzialdiagnosen auch ein Kawasaki-Syndrom ausgeschlossen werden.
Traveling to Receive Treatment for Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Is it worth the drive?
Authors: Vidri Roberto J. , Raut Chandrajit P. , Fitzgerald Timothy L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundRegionalization of sarcoma care may improve outcomes. Concerns exist regarding the burdens of travel and its effects on care. We evaluate the presence of a “distance bias”.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma (stage I‐III) within the NCDB. Travel distance (TD) and hospital volume (VOL) were categorized into quartiles. Alternating statistical models were used for analysis.Results1,035 hospitals contributed 11,979 cases. Median and maximum VOL were 5 and 45 cases/year. VOL quartiles were “low‐volume” (LV) (892 hospitals, < 3 cases/yr.), “intermediate low‐volume” (ILV) (89, 3–5 cases/yr.), “intermediate high‐volume” (IHV) (39, 6–12 cases/yr.), and “high‐volume” (HV) (15, > 12 cases/yr.). TD quartiles: “short‐travel” (ST) (< 8 mi), “intermediate‐short travel” (IST) (8–17), “intermediate long‐travel” (ILT) (18–49), and “long‐travel” (LT) (> 50). VOL but not TD is associated with improved survival [HR 0.65 (CI 0.52–0.83)] and rate of R0 resection [1.87 (CI 1.4–2.5)] but has no effect on amputation rates. Matched analyses demonstrate similar results.ConclusionsHospital volume but not distance traveled to treatment facility is associated with improved survival and R0 resections for extremity soft tissue sarcomas. Despite the inconveniences of travel, patients may benefit from treatment at high volume centers.
Correlation Between Portal Pressure and Indocyanine Green Retention Rate is Unaffected by the Cause of Cirrhosis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kobayashi Kosuke , Uldry Emilie , Kokudo Takashi , Cristaudi Alessandra , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Shirata Chikara , Yamaguchi Takamune , Dormond Olivier , Duran Rafael , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Demartines Nicolas , Halkic Nermin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccurate estimation of the hepatic functional reserve before liver resection is important to avoid post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of indocyanine green retention test with portal pressure by the cause of cirrhosis (non‐viral vs. viral) and assessed postoperative outcomes including incidence of PHLF in patients with viral and non‐viral cirrhosis.MethodsThe cohort includes 50 consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis scheduled for liver resection for primary liver tumors at the Lausanne University Hospital between 2009 and 2018.ResultsThere were 31 patients with non‐viral liver cirrhosis (Non‐virus group) and 19 with viral liver cirrhosis (virus group). The indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICG‐R15) (p = 0.276), Hepatic Venous Portal Gradient (HVPG; p = 0.301), and postoperative outcomes did not differ between the non‐virus group and viral group. ICG‐R15 and HVPG showed a significant linear correlation in all patients (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.599, p < 0.001), the non‐virus group (ρ = 0.555, p = 0.026), and the virus group (ρ = 0.534, p = 0.007). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that ICG‐R15 was a predictor for presence of portal hypertension (PH; HVPG ≥ 12 mmHg) (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.780). The cut‐off value of ICG‐R15 for predicting the presence of PH was 16.0% with 72.3% of sensitivity and 79.0% of specificity.ConclusionsThe ICG‐R15 level was associated with portal pressure in both patients with non‐virus cirrhosis and patients with virus cirrhosis and predicts the incidence of PH with relatively good discriminatory ability.Clinical trial numberhttps://clinicalTrials.gov(ID:NCT00827723)Local ethics committee numberCER‐VD 251.08
Deoxyribonuclease 1 Q222R single nucleotide polymorphism and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Hofbauer Thomas M. , Mangold Andreas , Ondracek Anna S. , Panzenböck Adelheid , Scherz Thomas , Müller Julian , Distelmaier Klaus , Seidl Veronika , Kastl Stefan , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Peters Annette , Strauch Konstantin , Winker Robert , Wohlschläger-Krenn Evelyne , Nistler Sonja , Lang Irene M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUpon activation, neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which contribute to circulating DNA burden and thrombosis, including ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) 1 degrades circulating DNA and NETs. Lower DNase activity correlates with NET burden and infarct size. The DNase 1 Q222R single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), impairing DNase 1 function, is linked with myocardial infarction. We assessed whether the Q222R SNP is connected to increased NET burden in STEMI and influences long-term outcomes. We enrolled 711 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), and 1422 controls. Genotyping was performed for DNase 1 Q222R SNP. DNase activity, double-stranded (ds)DNA and citrullinated histone H3 were determined in culprit site and peripheral plasma during pPCI. The association of the Q222R variant on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was assessed by multivariable Cox regression adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. Homozygous Q222R DNase 1 variant was present in 64 (9.0%) STEMI patients, at the same frequency as in controls. Patients homozygous for Q222R displayed less DNase activity and increased circulating DNA burden. In overall patients, median survival was 60 months. Homozygous Q222R variant was independently associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality after STEMI. dsDNA/DNase ratio independently predicted cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. These findings highlight that the Q222R DNase 1 SNP is associated with increased NET burden and decreased compensatory DNase activity, and may serve as an independent risk factor for poor outcome after STEMI.
Some machine’s doin’ that for you* – elektronische Triagesysteme in der Notaufnahme
Authors: Schacher S. , Kuehl M. , Gräff I. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In den letzten 25 Jahren haben sich Triagesysteme zur Dringlichkeitseinschätzung in den Notaufnahmen etabliert. Die bisherigen symptomorientierten Triagesysteme haben allerdings auch Schwächen. Inzwischen ermöglichen die Digitalisierung der Notaufnahmen und die Leistungsfähigkeit der aktuellen Computergeneration bereits zum Triagezeitpunkt einen algorithmenbasierten Datenvergleich und eine Risikostratifizierung für bestimmte klinische Endpunkte über die reine Triagestufe hinaus.

Ziel der Arbeit
Nach selektiver Literaturrecherche erfolgt eine Übersicht über elektronische Triagesysteme (ETS). Das Funktionsprinzip und die aktuellen Möglichkeiten der ETS werden dargestellt. Daneben werden Chancen und Schwierigkeiten einer Etablierung von ETS in deutschen Notaufnahmen betrachtet.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden wesentliche Prädiktorvariablen wie Alter und bestimmte Vitalparameter identifiziert, die bisher nicht standardisiert in die Triagestufen einfließen, aber mithilfe von Modelllernen (ML) in belastbare Vorhersagen für klinische Endpunkte wie stationäre Aufnahme oder Mortalität einfließen können. Die Güte der Ersteinschätzung durch ein ETS ist insgesamt hoch. Ein ETS kann das Triagepersonal evidenzbasiert bei der Disposition der Patienten unterstützen und Über- und Untertriage reduzieren. Es gibt einige Entwicklungen, die günstige Bedingungen für den Einsatz von ETS in deutschen ZNA schaffen. So erleichtern z. B. repräsentative Notaufnahmeregister die Erstellung von Referenzdatensätzen, die zum Aufbau computerbasierter Klassifikationsmodelle benötigt werden. Außerdem müssen individuelle Patientendaten schnell verfügbar sein.

Schlussfolgerung
ETS können zur Erhöhung der Patientensicherheit und zur besseren Ressourcennutzung beitragen. Bislang fehlen allerdings noch objektive Referenzstandards und Leitlinien zum maschinellen Lernen.
Subjective cognitive failures and their psychological correlates in a large Italian sample during quarantine/self-isolation for COVID-19
Authors: Santangelo Gabriella , Baldassarre Ivana , Barbaro Andrea , Cavallo Nicola Davide , Cropano Maria , Maggi Gianpaolo , Nappo Raffaele , Trojano Luigi , Raimo Simona 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe quarantine/self-isolation measures implemented to retard the spread of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may negatively affect the mental health of the population. The present study aimed to explore the impact of the psychological symptoms on the occurrence of cognitive failures in a large sample of home-dwelling Italian individuals during quarantine/self-isolation for COVID-19.MethodsWe employed an online questionnaire using a virtual platform of Google Moduli. The questionnaire included an assessment of cognitive failures evaluated by the Perceived Memory and Attentional Failures Questionnaire (PerMAFaQ) and of resilience, coping style, depression, anger, and anxiety.ResultsThe online questionnaire was completed by 4175 participants revealing that about 30% of participants complained of cognitive failures at least sometimes during quarantine/self-isolation, whereas some respondents reported very frequent cognitive failures. Moreover, resilience was found to mediate the relationships between depressive and anger symptoms and cognitive failures. Although no difference was found on PerMAFaQ among smart-workers, non-smart-workers, and those currently not at work, people not working at the moment complained of more frequent cognitive failures.ConclusionsThese findings indicate the need to implement psychological support intervention, particularly for vulnerable groups, to reduce anxiety, depression, and anger, and of psychoeducational interventions to enhance resilience reducing possible long-term cognitive consequences of the quarantine.
The Panoramic ECAP Method: Estimating Patient-Specific Patterns of Current Spread and Neural Health in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Garcia Charlotte , Goehring Tobias , Cosentino Stefano , Turner Richard E. , Deeks John M. , Brochier Tim , Rughooputh Taren , Bance Manohar , Carlyon Robert P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe knowledge of patient-specific neural excitation patterns from cochlear implants (CIs) can provide important information for optimizing efficacy and improving speech perception outcomes. The Panoramic ECAP (‘PECAP’) method (Cosentino et al. 2015) uses forward-masked electrically evoked compound action-potentials (ECAPs) to estimate neural activation patterns of CI stimulation. The algorithm requires ECAPs be measured for all combinations of probe and masker electrodes, exploiting the fact that ECAP amplitudes reflect the overlapping excitatory areas of both probes and maskers. Here we present an improved version of the PECAP algorithm that imposes biologically realistic constraints on the solution, that, unlike the previous version, produces detailed estimates of neural activation patterns by modelling current spread and neural health along the intracochlear electrode array and is capable of identifying multiple regions of poor neural health. The algorithm was evaluated for reliability and accuracy in three ways: (1) computer-simulated current-spread and neural-health scenarios, (2) comparisons to psychophysical correlates of neural health and electrode-modiolus distances in human CI users, and (3) detection of simulated neural ‘dead’ regions (using forward masking) in human CI users. The PECAP algorithm reliably estimated the computer-simulated scenarios. A moderate but significant negative correlation between focused thresholds and the algorithm’s neural-health estimates was found, consistent with previous literature. It also correctly identified simulated ‘dead’ regions in all seven CI users evaluated. The revised PECAP algorithm provides an estimate of neural excitation patterns in CIs that could be used to inform and optimize CI stimulation strategies for individual patients in clinical settings.
Energy loss separation in NiFeMo compacts with smoothed powders according to Landgraf’s and Bertotti’s theories
Authors: Olekšáková Denisa , Kollár Peter , Jakubčin Miloš , Füzer Ján , Tkáč Martin , Slovenský Peter , Bureš Radovan , Fáberová Mária 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis submitted paper presents the detailed description of the energy loss separation for dc and ac low-frequency magnetic fields of NiFeMo (supermalloy) compacted powder prepared by innovative method of smoothing the surfaces of individual particles. The positive impact of mechanical treatment method on domain wall displacement is explained on the basis of Landgraf approach for dc loss analysis, and the effective dimension for eddy current in ac magnetic field is explained according to Bertotti approach for core loss analysis.
Physiological MRI Biomarkers in the Differentiation Between Glioblastomas and Solitary Brain Metastases
Authors: Heynold Elisabeth , Zimmermann Max , Hore Nirjhar , Buchfelder Michael , Doerfler Arnd , Stadlbauer Andreas , Kremenevski Natalia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Glioblastomas (GB) and solitary brain metastases (BM) are the most common brain tumors in adults. GB and BM may appear similar in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI). Their management strategies, however, are quite different with significant consequences on clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a previously presented physiological MRI approach scoping to obtain quantitative information about microvascular architecture and perfusion, neovascularization activity, and oxygen metabolism to differentiate GB from BM.

Procedures
Thirty-three consecutive patients with newly diagnosed, untreated, and histopathologically confirmed GB or BM were preoperatively examined with our physiological MRI approach as part of the cMRI protocol.

Results
Physiological MRI biomarker maps revealed several significant differences in the pathophysiology of GB and BM: Central necrosis was more hypoxic in GB than in BM (30 %; P = 0.036), which was associated with higher neovascularization activity (65 %; P = 0.043) and metabolic rate of oxygen (48 %; P = 0.004) in the adjacent contrast-enhancing viable tumor parts of GB. In peritumoral edema, GB infiltration caused neovascularization activity (93 %; P = 0.018) and higher microvascular perfusion (30 %; P = 0.022) associated with higher tissue oxygen tension (33 %; P = 0.020) and lower oxygen extraction from vasculature (32 %; P = 0.040).

Conclusion
Our physiological MRI approach, which requires only 7 min of extra data acquisition time, might be helpful to noninvasively distinguish GB and BM based on pathophysiological differences. However, further studies including more patients are required.
Progress Towards Using Linked Population-Based Data For Geohealth Research: Comparisons Of Aotearoa New Zealand And The United Kingdom
Authors: Oldroyd R. A. , Hobbs M. , Campbell M. , Jenneson V. , Marek L. , Morris M. A. , Pontin F. , Sturley C. , Tomintz M. , Wiki J. , Birkin M. , Kingham S. , Wilson M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlobally, geospatial concepts are becoming increasingly important in epidemiological and public health research. Individual level linked population-based data afford researchers with opportunities to undertake complex analyses unrivalled by other sources. However, there are significant challenges associated with using such data for impactful geohealth research. Issues range from extracting, linking and anonymising data, to the translation of findings into policy whilst working to often conflicting agendas of government and academia. Innovative organisational partnerships are therefore central to effective data use. To extend and develop existing collaborations between the institutions, in June 2019, authors from the Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and the Alan Turing Institute, London, visited the Geohealth Laboratory based at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. This paper provides an overview of insight shared during a two-day workshop considering aspects of linked population-based data for impactful geohealth research. Specifically, we discuss both the collaborative partnership between New Zealand’s Ministry of Health (MoH) and the University of Canterbury’s GeoHealth Lab and novel infrastructure, and commercial partnerships enabled through the Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and the Alan Turing Institute in the UK. We consider the New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure as a case study approach to population-based linked health data and compare similar approaches taken by the UK towards integrated data infrastructures, including the ESRC Big Data Network centres, the UK Biobank, and longitudinal cohorts. We reflect on and compare the geohealth landscapes in New Zealand and the UK to set out recommendations and considerations for this rapidly evolving discipline.
Virological COVID-19 surveillance in Bavaria, Germany suggests no SARS-CoV-2 spread prior to the first German case in January 2020
Authors: Eberle Ute , Heinzinger Susanne , Konrad Regina , Wimmer Clara , Liebl Bernhard , Katz Katharina , Ackermann Nikolaus , Sing Andreas ,   Bavarian SARS-CoV-Public Health Laboratory and Epidemiology Team, Bengs Katja , Berger Anja , Böhm Stefanie , Böhmer Merle , Dangel Alexandra , Fingerle Volker , Hepner Sabrina , Hobmaier Bernhard , Hoch Martin , Lupoli Gaia , Margos Gabriele , Marosevic Durdica V. , Treis Mercy Okeyo Bianca , Woudenberg Tom 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Bavarian Influenza Sentinel (BIS) monitors the annual influenza season by combining virological and epidemiological data. The 2019/2020 influenza season overlapped with the beginning COVID-19 pandemic thus allowing to investigate whether there was an unnoticed spread of SARS-CoV-2 among outpatients with acute respiratory infections in the community prior to the first COVID-19 cluster in Bavaria. Therefore, we retrospectively analysed oropharyngeal swabs obtained in BIS between calendar week (CW) 39 in 2019 and CW 14 in 2020 for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-PCR. 610 of all 1376 BIS swabs-contained sufficient material to test for SARS-CoV-2, among them 260 oropharyngeal swabs which were collected prior to the first notified German COVID-19 case in CW 04/2020. In none of these swabs SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected suggesting no SARS-CoV-2 spread prior to late January 2020 in Bavaria.
A min-max characterization of Zoll Riemannian metrics
Authors: MAZZUCCHELLI MARCO , SUHR STEFAN 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe characterise the Zoll Riemannian metrics on a given simply connected spin closed manifold as those Riemannian metrics for which two suitable min-max values in a finite dimensional loop space coincide. We also show that on odd dimensional Riemannian spheres, when certain pairs of min-max values in the loop space coincide, every point lies on a closed geodesic.
Mapping the Vulnerability of Arctic Wetlands to Global Warming
Authors: Kåresdotter Elisie , Destouni Georgia , Ghajarnia Navid , Hugelius Gustaf , Kalantari Zahra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWetlands provide multiple ecosystem services of local and global importance, but currently there exists no comprehensive, high‐quality wetland map for the Arctic region. Improved information about Arctic wetland extents and their vulnerability to climate change is essential for adaptation and mitigation efforts, including for indigenous people dependent on the ecosystem services that wetlands provide, as inadequate planning could result in dire consequences for societies and ecosystems alike. Synthesizing high‐resolution wetland databases and datasets on soil wetness and soil types from multiple sources, we created the first high‐resolution map with full coverage of Arctic wetlands. We assess the vulnerability of Arctic wetlands for the years 2050, 2075, and 2100, using datasets on permafrost extent, soil types, and projected mean annual air temperature from the HadGEM2‐ES climate model for three change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). Our mapping shows that wetlands cover approximately 3.5 million km2 or roughly 25% of Arctic landmass and 99% of these wetlands are in permafrost areas, indicating considerable vulnerability to future climate change. Unless global warming is limited to scenario RCP2.6, robust results show that large areas of Arctic wetlands are vulnerable to ecosystem regime shifts. If scenario RCP8.5 becomes a reality, at least 50% of the Arctic wetland area would be highly vulnerable to regime shifts with considerable adverse impacts on human health, infrastructure, economics, ecosystems, and biodiversity. The developed wetland and vulnerability maps can aid planning and prioritization of the most vulnerable areas for protection and mitigation of change.