bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effectiveness and pregnancy outcomes of labor induction with dinoprostone or single-balloon catheter in term nulliparous women with borderline oligohydramnios
Authors: Zhang Yongqing , Chen Luping , Yan Guohui , Zhou Menglin , Chen Zhengyun , Liang Zhaoxia , Chen Danqing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Backgrounds:
At present, there is no consensus on the induction methods in term pregnancy with borderline oligohydramnios. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and pregnancy outcomes of labor induction with dinoprostone or single-balloon catheter (SBC) in term nulliparous women with borderline oligohydramnios.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 2016 to November 2018. During the study period, a total of 244 cases were enrolled. Of these, 103 cases were selected for induction using dinoprostone and 141 cases were selected for induction with SBC. The pregnancy outcomes between the two groups were compared. Primary outcomes were successful vaginal delivery rates. Secondary outcomes were maternal and neonatal adverse events. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors for vaginal delivery failure in the two groups.

Results:
The successful vaginal delivery rates were similar between the dinoprostone group and the SBC group (64.1% [66/103] vs. 59.6% [84/141], P = 0.475), even after adjustment for potential confounding factors (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–2.00, P = 0.835). The incidence of intra-amniotic infection was lower in the dinoprostone group than in the SBC group (1.9% [2/103] vs. 7.8% [11/141], P < 0.001), but the presence of non-reassuring fetal heart rate was higher in the dinoprostone group than in the SBC group (12.6% [13/103] vs. 0.7% [1/141], P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that nuchal cord was a risk factor for vaginal delivery failure after induction with dinoprostone (aOR: 6.71, 95% CI: 1.96–22.95). There were three factors related to vaginal delivery failure after induction with SBC, namely gestational age (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.07–2.14), body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 (aOR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.10–8.02), and fetal weight >3500 g (aOR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.12–5.50).

Conclusions:
Term nulliparous women with borderline oligohydramnios have similar successful vaginal delivery rates after induction with dinoprostone or SBC, with their advantages and disadvantages. In women with nuchal cord, the risk of vaginal delivery failure is increased if dinoprostone is used in the induction of labor. BMI >30 kg/m2, large gestational age, and estimated fetal weight >3500 g are risk factors for vaginal delivery failure after induction with SBC.
Antibody-drug conjugates in HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Li Lixi , Zhang Di , Liu Binliang , Lv Dan , Zhai Jingtong , Guan Xiuwen , Yi Zongbi , Ma Fei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the high specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the high anti-tumor activity of small molecular cytotoxic payloads. The anti-tumor activity of ADCs is mainly achieved by the direct blocking of the receptor by monoclonal antibodies, direct action and bystander effect of cytotoxic drugs, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. ADCs have been used in adjuvant therapy and rescue treatment of human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, greatly improving the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Several ongoing clinical trials of ADC for breast cancer and other solid tumors proved the potential of ADCs will provide more promising treatment options for patients with malignant tumors. This review introduces the mechanism and latest clinical progress of ADC drugs approved for HER2-positive breast cancer to guide clinical practice and conduct research.
Risk of Malignant Transformation Arising From Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi: A 20-year Single-center Study
Authors: Kim Ji-Young , Jeon Ji Hui , Choi Tae Hyun , Kim Byung Jun 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
Although giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is regarded as premalignant, the incidence and risk factors of malignant transformation are controversial.

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to share the authors’ surgical experience with GCMNs and provide data on their demographics, malignant transformation, and prognosis.

METHODS
This single-center, consecutive study included 152 patients with GCMN who visited this center from March 2000 to February 2020. Their medical documentation was reviewed retrospectively, and the nevi were classified according to the size as follows: Group 1, 10 to 19.9 cm (n = 45); Group 2, 20 to 39.9 cm (n = 62); and Group 3, ≥40 cm (n = 45).

RESULTS
Seven malignancies were found (4.6%; 4 melanomas, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas [RMS], and 1 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor [MPNST]). The risk increased according to the nevus size (2.2% in Group 1, 3.2% in Group 2, and 8.9% in Group 3) but the difference was not statistically significant (p = .3305).

CONCLUSION
Malignant transformation from GCMN cannot be ignored. It can include transformation into melanoma, RMS, and MPNST. Early surgical resection and regular follow-up should be performed in patients with nevi ≥10 cm.
Postmarket Safety Surveillance of Delayed Complications for Recent FDA-Approved Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers
Authors: Cohen Joel L. , Hicks Jessica , Nogueira Alessandra , Lane Vanessa , Andriopoulos Bill 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
To review postmarketing data for delayed (≥14 days post-treatment) adverse events (AEs) of interest (inflammatory and noninflammatory nodules, hypersensitivity, granulomas) for newer hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers FDA-approved within the last 5 years (2016–2020).

METHODS
Reports from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database were extracted for HAREF, HADEF, HAKYS, HAVER, HAVLR, HAVOB, HARH2, HARH3, and HARH4 from January 2016 to January 2021. Keywords from event narratives were used to identify and categorize AEs and then verified through inclusion/exclusion criteria. Percentages are based on the total combined events of interest to provide an overall perspective of the events reported during the search period.

RESULTS
Of 585 MAUDE reports, there were 195 (33.3%) delayed AEs of interest. Of those, 71.8% were nodules (42.1% inflammatory and 29.7% noninflammatory), 21.5% hypersensitivity, and 6.7% granulomas. The combined total events of interest, ordered by frequency reported, were HAVLR (74.4%), HAVOB (12.3%), HADEF (5.1%), HARH4 (3.6%), HAREF (2.6%), and HARH2 (2.1%), with no reports for HARH3, HAVER, and HAKYS.

CONCLUSION
Although delayed nodules and inflammatory events are rare, reports for these events were extracted from the MAUDE database from 2016 to 2020 for HAVLR, HAVOB, HADEF, HARH4, HAREF, and HARH2 (most to least frequent).
Comparison of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-like Peptide Receptor Agonists for Atrial Fibrillation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review With Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Wenjie , Chen Xingqing , Xie Xiangqi , Xu Min , Xu Lingling , Liu Peiying , Luo Bihui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major public health concern with a rising prevalence. Although sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have shown the respective favorable effects on reducing the occurrence of AF/atrial flutter (AFL), comparative protective AF/AFL effects between above 2 novel antidiabetic agents remain unavailable. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs in reducing the risk of AF/AFL in patients with type 2 diabetes and estimate relative rankings of interventions. PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched up to December 1, 2020. All available randomized controlled trials comparing SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs with one another or placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes were included. Pooled results were shown as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used a frequentist network meta-analysis to evaluate the outcomes of interests. Thirty-six randomized controlled trials including 85,701 participants with type 2 diabetes were identified. Compared with placebo, both SGLT2is (RR: 0.82, 95% CI, 0.68–0.99) and GLP-1RAs (RR: 0.86, 95% CI, 0.76–0.97; RR long-acting ones: 0.87, 95% CI, 0.76–0.99; RR short-acting ones: 0.72, 95% CI, 0.45–1.14) significantly reduced AF/AFL risk. No significant difference between SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs was noted (RR: 0.95, 95% CI, 0.76–1.2). Compared with placebo, results from the analysis showed an RR of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.45–1.14) for short-acting GLP-1RAs and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.76–0.99) for long-acting GLP-1RAs in reducing the risk of AF/AFL. Compared with placebo, both SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs possessed favorable effects on reducing the risk of AF/AFL. However, no difference was observed when comparisons were made between them. In addition, long-acting ones may confer a more pronounced AF/AFL reduction benefit compared with placebo.
Ferulic Acid Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Via Upregulating AMPKα2 Expression-Mediated Ferroptosis Depression
Authors: Liu Xinliang , Qi Kai , Gong Yi , Long Xiang , Zhu Shuqiang , Lu Feng , Lin Kun , Xu Jianjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Ferroptosis, a recently discovered form of regulated cell death that is characterized by iron accumulation and excessive reactive oxygen species generation, has been favored by most researchers. Increasing evidence suggest that ferulic acid (FA) could exert marked effects to myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, although the understanding of its molecular mechanism is still limited. In our study, the myocardial I/R injury model was established to explore the relationship between I/R injury and ferroptosis. First, we successfully constructed myocardial I/R injury model with changes in ST segment, increased creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase activities, and N-Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide content, and a significantly larger infarct size. Then, the increased levels of the Ptgs2 mRNA, Fe2+ accumulation, and a decreased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione disulfide ratio were detected in ischemia-reperfusion-injured heart, which is highly consistent with ferroptosis. However, these effects were significantly improved after FA treatment. Based on these results, FA increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, decreased the malondialdehyde level, ameliorated the production of reactive oxygen species, and promoted the generation of adenosine triphosphate. These effects of FA are similar to those of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. Upregulation of AMPKα2 and Glutathione Peroxidase 4 expression were also observed in the FA group. Compound C, a specific Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase inhibitor, significantly blocked the protective effect of FA. These findings underlined that FA inhibits ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of AMPKα2 and serves as a cardioprotective strategy.
Total Costs of Applying to Integrated Plastic Surgery: Geographic Considerations, Projections, and Future Implications
Authors: Gordon Adam M. , Sarac Benjamin A. , Drolet Brian C. , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
In 2020, the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons and the Association of American Medical Colleges recommended residency programs suspend away rotations and in-person interviews. This study quantifies applicant costs and potential savings in the residency application process resulting from that change, while also evaluating differences in cost with respect to geographic region of the applicant.

Methods:
A retrospective evaluation of the 2019–2020 Texas STAR (Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency) database was conducted. We queried responses from plastic surgery residency applicants, including expenses associated with the application, away rotations, interviews, and total costs for medical school seniors. Applicant characteristics were recorded. A Kruskal-Wallis H-test was used to evaluate differences in mean costs by medical school region.

Results:
In total, 117 US allopathic applicants to plastic surgery residency were included. Total expenses for the application cycle were $10,845. This was made up of $1638 in application costs, $4074 in away rotation costs, and $5486 in interview costs. No significant differences were observed for mean total costs for applicants from schools in the Central ($11,045/applicant), Northeast ($9696/applicant), South ($11,332/applicant), and West ($11,205/applicant) (P = 0.209).

Conclusion:
Assuming relatively minimal expenditures related to a virtual interview cycle and lack of away rotations in 2021, the average cost savings for plastic surgery residency applicants during the COVID-19 pandemic was estimated to be over $9000.
SYSTEMATIC CORRELATION OF CENTRAL SUBFIELD THICKNESS WITH RETINAL FLUID VOLUMES QUANTIFIED BY DEEP LEARNING IN THE MAJOR EXUDATIVE MACULAR DISEASES
Authors: Pawloff Maximilian , Bogunovic Hrvoje , Gruber Anastasiia , Michl Martin , Riedl Sophie , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To investigate the correlation of volumetric measurements of intraretinal (IRF) and subretinal fluid obtained by deep learning and central retinal subfield thickness (CSFT) based on optical coherence tomography in retinal vein occlusion, diabetic macular edema, and neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:
A previously validated deep learning–based approach was used for automated segmentation of IRF and subretinal fluid in spectral domain optical coherence tomography images. Optical coherence tomography volumes of 2.433 patients obtained from multicenter studies were analyzed. Fluid volumes were measured at baseline and under antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy in the central 1, 3, and 6 mm.

Results:
Patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration generally demonstrated the weakest association between CSFT and fluid volume measurements in the central 1 mm (0.107–0.569). In patients with diabetic macular edema, IRF correlated moderately with CSFT (0.668–0.797). In patients with retinal vein occlusion, IRF volumes showed a moderate correlation with CSFT (0.603–0.704).

Conclusion:
The correlation of CSFT and fluid volumes depends on the underlying pathology. Although the amount of central IRF seems to partly drive CSFT in diabetic macular edema and retinal vein occlusion, it has only a limited impact on patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Our findings do not support the use of CSFT as a primary or secondary outcome measure for the quantification of exudative activity or treatment guidance.
ONSET-1 Phase 2b Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of OC-01 (Varenicline Solution) Nasal Spray on Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Wirta David , Torkildsen Gail L. , Boehmer Blair , Hollander David A. , Bendert Edward , Zeng Lijuan , Ackermann Michael , Nau Jeffrey 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OC-01 (varenicline solution), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist nasal spray, on signs and symptoms of dry eye disease.

Methods:
A phase 2b, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled trial (ONSET-1; NCT03636061) was performed. Patients were aged 22 years or older with a physician's diagnosis of dry eye disease and previous use of artificial tears were randomized 1:1:1:1 to control (vehicle nasal spray twice daily [BID]), OC-01 0.006 mg BID, OC-01 0.03 mg BID, and OC-01 0.06 mg BID. The primary end point was the change in the anesthetized Schirmer test score from baseline to day 28 in the study eye. The secondary end points included the change in the eye dryness score from baseline to day 28.

Results:
One hundred eighty-two patients were randomized. After 28 days, patients who received OC-01 0.03 or 0.06 mg showed a statistically significant improvement in tear film production relative to vehicle, with least squares mean differences from vehicle of 7.7 mm [95% confidence interval, 3.8–11.7; P < 0.001] with OC-01 0.03 mg and 7.5 mm (95% confidence interval, 3.4–11.6; P < 0.001) with OC-01 0.06 mg. Patients receiving OC-01 0.03 mg showed a significant reduction in the eye dryness score by day 28 versus vehicle (P = 0.021); those receiving the OC-01 0.06 mg dose showed a nonsignificant reduction versus vehicle. OC-01 administration was associated with sneezing (62%–84%) and cough (9%–25%); these were transient and predominantly mild in severity.

Conclusions:
OC-01 nasal spray administered BID at 0.03 and 0.06 mg resulted in significant improvements in signs and symptoms of dry eye disease, was well tolerated, and warrants further clinical investigation.
Toric intraocular lens implantation vs femtosecond laser–assisted arcuate keratotomy for correction of moderate astigmatism in cataract surgery
Authors: Hernandez Ruben , Almenara Cristina , Soriano Diana , Idoipe Miriam , Larrosa Jose M. , Pablo Luis E. , Garcia-Martin Elena 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To compare toric intraocular lens (TIOL) implantation and femtosecond laser–assisted arcuate keratotomy (FSAK) during phacoemulsification surgery in correction of moderate astigmatism.

Setting:
Clinical research study.

Design:
Prospective randomized comparison study.

Methods:
Patients with age-related cataract and moderate preoperative corneal astigmatism of 1.25 to 3.0 diopters (D) were randomized into a TIOL implantation group and an FSAK group with symmetrical paired corneal arcuate keratotomies. The preoperative evaluation included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), corneal topography, autokeratometry, and ocular biometry. Postoperative examinations were performed at 1 month and 3 months and included CDVA and uncorrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction, autokeratometry, and corneal topography. Vector analysis of astigmatic changes was performed using the Alpins vector method.

Results:
This study comprised 75 eyes from 67 patients. The mean residual refractive astigmatism at 3 months was −0.63 ± 0.55 D in the TIOL group and −0.90 ± 0.53 D in the FSAK group (P = .037) and was ≤1.00 D in 32 eyes (84%) and 25 eyes (64%), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in difference vector, angle of error, magnitude error, or correction index in the 3-month follow-up. The index of success was 0.32 ± 0.33 D in the TIOL group and 0.48 ± 0.29 D in the FSAK group (P = .029).

Conclusions:
TIOL implantation showed better results in correcting moderate astigmatism. Despite this, FSAK is shown to be a safe technique for reducing astigmatism.
Mental Health, Burnout, and Resilience in Healthcare Professionals After the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain
Authors: Luceño-Moreno Lourdes , Talavera-Velasco Beatriz , Vázquez-Estévez Daniel , Martín-García Jesús 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
This study aims to examine whether there are differences in symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, levels of burnout and resilience in Spanish healthcare staff between the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and after it, depending on several demographic and work-related variables.

Methods:
A longitudinal study was conducted in April 2020 (T0), and July 2020 (T1). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, burnout, levels of resilience, along with demographic and work-related variables in 443 workers were assessed.

Results:
Symptoms and burnout were more pronounced at T0, whereas the levels of resilience were higher at T1. Being women, being young, holding a lower-level job, less years of experience, lower educational level, and/or working rotating shifts are associated with having more posttraumatic stress symptoms and burnout.

Conclusion:
These variables would be considered in similar situations.
Long-Term Healthcare Utilization and the Cost of Bipolar Disorder Among Participants in a Large Employer's Health Benefit Plan
Authors: Leung Nina , Bernacki Seth E. , Kalia Nimisha , Bernacki Edward J. , Almeida Jorge R.C. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic illness with recurrent exacerbations. The objective was to evaluate longitudinal costs related to BD in an employer-sponsored medical plan.

Methods:
This analysis utilized 5 years of administrative claims data. Claimants with a diagnosis of BD were matched to plan members (1:5) based on age, sex, and years of follow-up.

Results:
Medical costs for hospitalized BD members were 3.5 times more expensive than the general population (BDhosp = $92.2K vs General population = $26.8K). Average 5-year paid costs among hospitalized members with BD was $107K, $105.4K with cancer, and $103.3K with myocardial infarction (MI).

Conclusions:
Hospitalized BD plan members consumed more than 3.5 times the medical resources and were similar in longitudinal costs when compared with members with other costly conditions. These findings highlight the need for novel employer-sponsored programs to help manage BD.
Wanting, Liking, and Missing Out
Authors: Olin Cecilia C. , McDevitt-Murphy Meghan E. , Leonard Samuel J. , Acuff Samuel F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Diminished reward functioning (anhedonia) is an aspect of multiple psychiatric diagnoses and is a critical component of depression, yet it has rarely been examined in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Deficits in reward function may be a transdiagnostic factor contributing to the high rate of comorbidity between PTSD and depression. The present study examined the commonality and distinction between PTSD and depression and their relationship to reward functioning using a bifactor model in a sample of 106 trauma-exposed undergraduates. Results indicated a strong commonality factor between PTSD and depression. Of three indices of reward functioning (i.e., hedonic pleasure, reward motivation, and environmental reward availability), environmental reward availability alone was related to unique latent factors for PTSD and depression, and their commonality. Findings suggest that environmental context may be the key to understanding the role of reward in PTSD, depression, and psychopathology broadly.
Pain Intensity, Depression, and Anxiety Levels Among Patients With Chronic Pain During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bilen Aysegul , Kucukkepeci Hakan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Limited data are available for real-world impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on chronic pain patients. This study aimed to evaluate pain intensity, depression, and anxiety status in chronic pain patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 110 patients with chronic pain participated on a voluntary basis in this questionnaire survey. The questionnaire form elicited information on sociodemographic characteristics and prepandemic and pandemic data on analgesic need, access to medication, visual analog scale (VAS) pain, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased levels of depression (74.5%), anxiety (66.4%), increase in analgesic need (60%), and limited access to analgesic drugs (40.0%). In conclusion, our findings revealed significant increase in VAS pain intensity, BDI, and BAI scores during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prepandemic period among chronic pain patients, particularly for patients with increased need of analgesics during pandemic.