bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifikation rheumatologischer Gesundheits-Apps im Apple App Store mit der Methode der „semiautomatischen retrospektiven App Store-Analyse“
Authors: Richter J. G. , Chehab G. , Kiltz U. , Becker A. , von Jan U. , Albrecht U.-V. , Schneider M. , Specker C. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie App Stores von Apple und Google bieten eine Vielzahl von Gesundheits-Apps an. Das Auffinden qualitativ hochwertiger Apps ist immer noch eine Herausforderung.FragestellungLassen sich unter Anwendung der SARASA(„semiautomated retrospective App Store analysis“)-Methode für das Fachgebiet Rheumatologie deutschsprachige Apps identifizieren?Material und MethodeSARASA ist eine Methode zur teilautomatisierten Auswahl und Charakterisierung von App Store-gelisteten Apps nach formalen Kriterien. Nach der ersten Anwendung in 02/2018 wurde SARASA 02/2020 erneut auf den Apple App Store angewendet.ErgebnisseIn 02/2018 konnten für Apps in den Store-Kategorien „Medizin“ oder „Gesundheit und Fitness“ Metadaten zu 103.046 Apps und bei einer erneuten Erhebung in 02/2020 Daten zu 94.735 Apps über das deutsche Frontend des Apple App Stores ausgelesen werden. Im Jahr 2018 wurden nach Anwendung der Suchbegriffe 59 Apps mit einer deutschsprachigen Beschreibung für das Fachgebiet Rheumatologie identifiziert, 2020 waren dies 53 Apps, die jeweils manuell weiter überprüft wurden; 2018 waren noch mehr der gefundenen Apps für Patienten als für Ärzte vorgesehen, dies war 2020 ausgeglichener. Zudem zeigte sich, dass bei bestimmten Krankheitsbildern von den App-Entwicklern keine Bearbeitungen erfolgten. Die prozentuale Verteilung von Treffern nach Suchbegriffen zeigte im Vergleich von 2018 zu 2020 große Schwankungen.DiskussionDie SARASA-Methode stellt ein hilfreiches Werkzeug dar, um Gesundheits-Apps teilautomatisiert zu identifizieren, die vordefinierten, formalen Kriterien entsprechen. Die inhaltliche Qualität muss anschließend manuell überprüft werden. Weiterentwicklungen der SARASA-Methode und die weitere Konsentierung und Standardisierung von Qualitätskriterien sind sinnvoll. Qualitätskriterien sollten beim Angebot von Gesundheits-Apps in den App-Stores berücksichtigt werden.
Interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors in relation to incident dementia among 70-year-olds
Authors: Samuelsson Jessica , Najar Jenna , Wallengren Ola , Kern Silke , Wetterberg Hanna , Mellqvist Fässberg Madeleine , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Lissner Lauren , Rothenberg Elisabet , Skoog Ingmar , Zettergren Anna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate potential interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors modulating risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in relation to incident dementia.

Methods
Data were derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden, including 602 dementia-free 70-year-olds (examined 1992–93, or 2000–02; 64% women) followed for incident dementia until 2016. Two factors from a reduced rank regression analysis were translated into dietary patterns, one healthy (e.g., vegetables, fruit, and fish) and one western (e.g., red meat, refined cereals, and full-fat dairy products). Genetic risk was determined by APOE ε4 status and non-APOE AD-polygenic risk scores (AD-PRSs). Gene–diet interactions in relation to incident dementia were analysed with Cox regression models. The interaction p value threshold was < 0.1.

Results
There were interactions between the dietary patterns and APOE ε4 status in relation to incident dementia (interaction p value threshold of < 0.1), while no evidence of interactions were found between the dietary patterns and the AD-PRSs. Those with higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern had a reduced risk of dementia among ε4 non-carriers (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61; 0.98), but not among ε4 carriers (HR: 0.86; CI: 0.63; 1.18). Those with a higher adherence to the western dietary pattern had an increased risk of dementia among ε4 carriers (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05; 1.78), while no association was observed among ε4 non-carriers (HR: 0.99; CI: 0.81; 1.21).

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that there is an interplay between dietary patterns and APOE ε4 status in relation to incident dementia.
The regulatory role of GABAA receptor in Actinia equina nervous system and the possible effect of global ocean acidification
Authors: Snigirov Sergii , Sylantyev Sergiy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobal warming and connected acidification of the world ocean attract a substantial amount of research efforts, in particular in a context of their impact on behaviour and metabolism of marine organisms, such as Cnidaria. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying Cnidarians’ neural signalling and behaviour and their (possible) alterations due to the world ocean acidification remain poorly understood. Here we researched for the first time modulation of GABAA receptors (GABAARs) in Actinia equina (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) by pH fluctuations within a range predicted by the world ocean acidification scenarios for the next 80–100 years and by selective pharmacological activation. We found that in line with earlier studies on vertebrates, both changes of pH and activation of GABAARs with a selective allosteric agonist (diazepam) modulate electrical charge transfer through GABAAR and the whole-cell excitability. On top of that, diazepam modifies the animal behavioural reaction on startle response. However, despite behavioural reactions displayed by living animals are controlled by GABAARs, changes of pH do not alter them significantly. Possible mechanisms underlying the species resistance to acidification impact are discussed.
Koordination von Übernahmemanövern beim hochautomatisierten Fahren unter Berücksichtigung der Fahrerverfügbarkeit
Authors: Albers Franz , Nobari Khazar Dargahi , Braun Jan , Bartsch Katharina , Bertram Torsten 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungEine der zentralen Problemstellungen beim bedingt- und hochautomatisierten Fahren liegt in der Gestaltung einer sicheren und komfortablen Aufgabenübertragung zwischen dem automatisierten System und dem menschlichen Fahrer und vice versa. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein holistisches Modell zur Übergabe und Übernahme von Fahraufgaben vor, welches über eine umfassende Fahrerbeobachtung anhand von verschiedenen Sensoren und Referenzsensoren eine an den Fahrerzustand angepasste Übernahme ermöglichen soll. Konfliktsituationen zwischen Fahrer und automatisiertem System sollen unter Berücksichtigung des Fahrer- und Systemzustands über einen technisch implementierten Koordinator detektiert und gelöst werden. In einem Wizard-of-Oz Fahrversuch wird die Veränderung des sensorischen, motorischen und emotionalen Fahrerzustands, welche zentrale Komponenten des Übergabemodells bilden, anhand von zwei Fahrszenarien in Übernahmesituationen detailliert analysiert. Beobachtet werden konnten dabei leicht langsamere Reaktionen der Probanden nach Nebentätigkeiten und eine deutlich steigendes Stresslevel nach Übernahmen.
Playing smartphone games while studying: an experimental study on reading interruptions by a smartphone game
Authors: Graben Katharina , Doering Bettina K. , Barke Antonia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated whether the use of smartphone games while reading a text reduces learning performance or reading speed. We also examined whether this is affected by push notifications. Ninety-three students were randomly assigned to three learning conditions. In the gaming group (G), participants played a game app for 20 s at 2-min intervals while reading. In one subgroup, the game app sent push notifications (GN+); in the other subgroup, no notifications (GN−) were sent. In the control group (C), participants did not play a game. After the reading, participants took a multiple-choice quiz. We compared quiz scores and reading times of the groups (G) and (C) and within the gaming group (GN+, GN−) and observed no differences. Since the statistical non-significance of these tests does not entail the absence of an effect, we conducted equivalence tests, which did not demonstrate equivalence either. The experiment ensured high internal validity, yet remained inconclusive. Reasons for the similarity of performance in all groups could be non-specific exercise effects (all participants owned a smartphone), low similarity between the tasks, low variance of participants’ ability and motivation (high achieving, low ADHD scores) or low game complexity. Future research should address these questions.
Combining modelling, field data and genetic variation to understand the post-reintroduction population genetics of the Marsh Fritillary butterfly (Euphydryas aurinia)
Authors: Davis Michelle L. , Barker Carl , Powell Ian , Porter Keith , Ashton Paul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Marsh Fritillary butterfly (Euphydryas aurinia) is a Eurasian species which has suffered significant reductions in occurrence and abundance over the past century, particularly across the western side of its range, due to agricultural intensification and habitat loss. This loss has been particularly severe in the UK with extensive localised extinctions. Following sympathetic management, reintroduction was undertaken at four Cumbria (northern UK) sites in 2007 with stock from a captive admixture population descended from Cumbrian and Scottish founders. Annual population monitoring of the reintroductions was undertaken. Nine years post-reintroduction, the level of population genetic variation was assessed using microsatellites. Variation in historical Cumbrian samples was determined using museum samples and Scottish samples from current populations were assayed to characterise natural population variation. Half of the Scottish sites also served as indicators of the alleles present in the founder populations. The genetic contribution of the founder populations allied to population size data allowed patterns of genetic variation to be modelled. Alleles from Cumbrian and Scottish founders are present in the reintroduced populations. The four sites have levels of variation akin to natural populations and exhibit differentiation as predicted by statistical modelling and comparable with natural populations. This suggests that reintroduction following captive breeding can produce self-sustaining populations with natural levels of genetic diversity. These populations appear to be undergoing the same evolutionary dynamics with bottlenecks and drift as natural populations.

Implications for insect conservation
Reintroduction of captive bred individuals is a viable strategy for producing populations with natural levels of genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics. Hybridisation of populations on the brink of extinction with those thriving can preserve some of the genetic distinctiveness of the declining population.
Viologen capped by nucleobase—building blocks for functional materials: synthesis and structure–properties relationship
Authors: Ciobanu Marius , Jordan Carmen-Simona 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe current study presents a new class of functional derivatives (1–3) consisting of a dicationic viologen (4,4’-bipyridinium unit) (V2+) capped by nucleobases thymine (NB1), adenine (NB2), thymine/adenine (NB1, NB2), and ion-paired with amphiphilic anion 3,4,5-tris(dodecyloxy)benzene sulfonate (DOBS−). The target of our work focuses on the design and synthesis of molecular building blocks in which three different functionalities are combined: chromophore (V2+ unit), molecular recognition (NB unit), and thermotropic liquid crystal (DOBS unit). The resulted materials exhibit liquid crystalline properties at ambient temperature with significant particularities-induced by nucleobases in the mesogen structure. Structure–properties relationship study focuses on providing knowledge about (1) how the thermotropic, redox properties, thermochromism, or ionic conductive properties are influenced by the presence of purinic or pyrimidinic nucleobases, and (2) how effective is their ability to self-assembly by hydrogen bonding in nonpolar solvents. The presence of nucleobases has been proved to have a substantial impact on electron transfer rate during the reduction of viologen moieties by intermolecular aggregation. Ionic conductivity and thermochromic properties of derivatives 1–3 were investigated and compared to a non-containing nucleobase analog methyl viologen with 3,4,5-tris(dodecyloxy)benzene sulfonate anion (MV) as reference.
Graphical abstract
Delay-Induced Periodic Behaviour in Competitive Populations
Authors: Aleandri Michele , Minelli Ida G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study a model of binary decisions in a fully connected network of interacting agents. Individual decisions are determined by social influence, coming from direct interactions with neighbours, and a group level pressure that accounts for social environment. In a competitive environment, the interplay of these two aspects results in the presence of a persistent disordered phase where no majority is formed. We show how the introduction of a delay mechanism in the agent’s detection of the global average choice may drastically change this scenario, giving rise to a coordinated self sustained periodic behaviour.
They do not look alike: what kind of private investors do equity crowdfunded firms attract?
Authors: Butticè Vincenzo , Di Pietro Francesca , Tenca Francesca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing a dataset of 170 firms that successfully fundraised via the two most prominent UK equity crowdfunding platforms, we investigate whether and how having successfully run an equity crowdfunding campaign is associated to the reputation of follow-on venture capital investors attracted. From the comparison with a control group of firms that received a seed round from business angels, we found that firms that have run a successful equity crowdfunding campaign attract lower reputable VCs. These results are confirmed when controlling for endogeneity and for firms’ characteristics. Considering the shareholder structure chosen by the firm raising equity crowdfunding, we found that firms opting for a direct shareholder structure, which entails higher coordination and agency costs, attract less reputable VCs compared to firms opting for the nominee shareholder structure.
Digital affordances: how entrepreneurs access support in online communities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Meurer Marie Madeleine , Waldkirch Matthias , Schou Peter Kalum , Bucher Eliane Léontine , Burmeister-Lamp Katrin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has caused significant and unforeseen problems for entrepreneurs. While entrepreneurs would normally seek social support to help deal with these issues, due to social distancing, physical networks are often not available. Consequently, entrepreneurs must turn to alternative support sources, such as online communities, raising the question of how support is created in such spaces. Drawing on an affordance perspective, we investigate how entrepreneurs interact with online communities and base our qualitative analysis on conversation data (76,365 posts) from an online community of entrepreneurs on Reddit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings draw out four affordances that online communities offer to entrepreneurs (resolving problems, reframing problems, reflecting on situations, refocusing thinking and efforts), resulting in a framework of entrepreneurial support creation in online communities. Thus, our study contributes to debates around (1) entrepreneurs’ support during COVID-19 and (2) digital affordances in the entrepreneurship context.
Rill flow resistance law under sediment transport
Authors: Di Stefano Costanza , Nicosia Alessio , Palmeri Vincenzo , Pampalone Vincenzo , Ferro Vito 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In this paper, a deduced flow resistance equation for open-channel flow was tested using measurements carried out in mobile bed rills with sediment-laden flows and fixed bed rills. The main aims were to (i) assess the effect of sediment transport on rill flow resistance, and (ii) test the slope-flow velocity relationship in fixed bed rills.

Methods
The following analysis was developed: (i) a relationship between the Γ function of the velocity profile, the rill slope and the Froude number was calibrated using measurements carried out on fixed bed rills; (ii) the component of Darcy-Weisbach friction factor due to sediment transport was deduced using the corresponding measurements carried out on mobile bed rills (grain resistance and sediment transport) and the values estimated by flow resistance equation (grain resistance) for fixed bed rills in the same slope and hydraulic conditions; (iii) the Γ function relationship was calibrated using measurements carried out on mobile bed rills and the data of Jiang et al. (2018).

Results
This analysis demonstrated that the effect of sediment transport on rill flow resistance law is appreciable only for 7.7% of the examined cases and that the theoretical approach allows for an accurate estimate of the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor. Furthermore, for both fixed and mobile beds, the mean flow velocity was independent of channel slope, as suggested by Govers (1992) for mobile bed rills.

Conclusions
The investigation highlighted that the effect of sediment transport on rill flow resistance is almost negligible for most of the cases and that the experimental procedure for fixing rills caused the unexpected slope independence of flow velocity.
Bowel habits and gender correlate with colon length measured by CT colonography
Authors: Utano Kenichi , Nagata Koichi , Honda Tetsuro , Kato Takashi , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Togashi Kazutomo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
CT colonography enables three-dimensional measurement of colon length. However, previous studies using CT colonography have not examined the association with gender, age, physique, a history of laparotomy and bowel habits, all possible contributory factors to colon length. The aim of this study is to investigate factors associated with colon length.

Materials and methods
We conducted a post hoc analysis based on data obtained from a previous multi-center trial including 321 patients with positive fecal immunochemical tests who underwent CT colonography. Colon length was measured using a computer-generated center line and was divided at the iliac crest level into the distal and proximal colons. Bowel habits were classified into three groups: A—daily; B—once every 2 or 3 days; and C—less than once in 3 days. Statistical comparison was made using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s correction.

Results
A total of 295 patients were analyzed. The entire colon length (cm, mean ± standard deviation) of individual patients was 150.3 ± 18.5 cm and ranged from 109.7 to 195.9 cm. The female colon was significantly longer than the male colon (154.3 ± 18.1 cm vs. 147.1 ± 18.3 cm; p = 0.022). Colon length showed trends associated with age (p = 0.18) and a history of laparotomy (p = 0.14). According to bowel habits, the entire colon measured 147.4 ± 17.9 in group A, 154.7 ± 18.5 in group B and 158.6 ± 18.3 in group C, and significant differences were observed for “A vs. C” (p = 0.002) and “A vs. B” (p = 0.014). In subgroup analysis by colon segment, the proximal colon trended similarly to the entire colon while there were no trends for the distal colon.

Conclusions
This study has clearly demonstrated that bowel habits and gender both correlate with the length of the entire colon measured by CT colonography, and in particular, the proximal colon.

Secondary abstract
Using CT colonography, we measured the colon length in 295 patients. The entire colon length was 150.3 ± 18.5 cm on average. Females and constipated (less frequent defecation) patients have a significantly longer colon, and in particular, the proximal colon. Colon length showed trends associated with age and a history of laparotomy.
Large-scale flood risk assessment under different development strategies: the Luanhe River Basin in China
Authors: Zhao Jiaheng , Chen Huili , Liang Qiuhua , Xia Xilin , Xu Jiren , Hoey Trevor , Barrett Brian , Renaud Fabrice G. , Bosher Lee , Zhou Xin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreasing resilience to natural hazards and climate change is critical for achieving many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In recent decades, China has experienced rapid economic development and became the second-largest economy in the world. This rapid economic expansion has led to large-scale changes in terrestrial (e.g., land use and land cover changes), aquatic (e.g., construction of reservoirs and artificial wetlands) and marine (e.g., land reclamation) environments across the country. Together with climate change, these changes may significantly influence flood risk and, in turn, compromise SDG achievements. The Luanhe River Basin (LRB) is one of the most afforested basins in North China and has undergone significant urbanisation and land use change since the 1950s. However, basin-wide flood risk assessment under different development scenarios has not been considered, although this is critically important to inform policy-making to manage the synergies and trade-offs between the SDGs and support long-term sustainable development. Using mainly open data, this paper introduces a new framework for systematically assessing flood risk under different social and economic development scenarios. A series of model simulations are performed to investigate the flood risk under different land use change scenarios projected to 2030 to reflect different development strategies. The results are systematically analysed and compared with the baseline simulation based on the current land use and climate conditions. Further investigations are also provided to consider the impact of climate change and the construction of dams and reservoirs. The results potentially provide important guidance to inform future development strategies to maximise the synergies and minimise the trade-offs between various SDGs in LRB.
A systems model of SDG target influence on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Authors: Anderson Carl C. , Denich Manfred , Warchold Anne , Kropp Jürgen P. , Pradhan Prajal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as part of the “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” and aim to address issues ranging from poverty and economic growth to climate change. Efforts to tackle one issue can support or hinder progress towards others, often with complex systemic interactions. Thus, each of the SDGs and their corresponding targets may contribute as levers or hurdles towards achieving other SDGs and targets. Based on SDG indicator data, we create a systems model considering influence among the SDGs and their targets. Once assessed within a system, we find that more SDGs and their corresponding targets act as levers towards achieving other goals and targets rather than as hurdles. In particular, efforts towards SDGs 5 (Gender Equality) and 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) may accelerate progress, while SDGs 10 (Reduced Inequalities) and 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions) are shown to create potential hurdles. The model results can be used to help promote supportive interactions and overcome hindering ones in the long term.
Asymptotic properties of PDEs in compact spaces
Authors: López-Somoza Lucía , Tojo F. Adrián F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article we combine the study of solutions of PDEs with the study of asymptotic properties of the solutions via compactification of the domain. We define new spaces of functions on which study the equations, prove a version of Ascoli–Arzelà Theorem, develop the fixed point index results necessary to prove existence and multiplicity of solutions in these spaces and also illustrate the applicability of the theory with an example.