bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic analyses of human adenoviruses unravel novel recombinant genotypes associated with severe infections in pediatric patients
Authors: Akello Joyce Odeke , Kamgang Richard , Barbani Maria Teresa , Suter-Riniker Franziska , Aebi Christoph , Beuret Christian , Paris Daniel H. , Leib Stephen L. , Ramette Alban 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHuman adenoviruses (HAdVs) are highly contagious pathogens of clinical importance, especially among the pediatric population. Studies on comparative viral genomic analysis of cases associated with severe and mild infections due to HAdV are limited. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we investigated whether there were any differences between circulating HAdV strains associated with severe infections (meningitis, sepsis, convulsion, sudden infant death syndrome, death, and hospitalization) and mild clinical presentations in pediatric patients hospitalized between the years 1998 and 2017 in a tertiary care hospital group in Bern, Switzerland covering a population base of approx. 2 million inhabitants. The HAdV species implicated in causing severe infections in this study included HAdV species C genotypes (HAdV1, HAdV2, and HAdV5). Clustering of the HAdV whole-genome sequences of the severe and mild cases did not show any differences except for one sample (isolated from a patient presenting with sepsis, meningitis, and hospitalization) that formed its own cluster with HAdV species C genotypes. This isolate showed intertypic recombination events involving four genotypes, had the highest homology to HAdV89 at complete genome level, but possessed the fiber gene of HAdV1, thereby representing a novel genotype of HAdV species C. The incidence of potential recombination events was higher in severe cases than in mild cases. Our findings confirm that recombination among HAdVs is important for molecular evolution and emergence of new strains. Therefore, further research on HAdVs, particularly among susceptible groups, is needed and continuous surveillance is required for public health preparedness including outbreak investigations.
Arzt/Ärztin – Patient/Patientin – Beziehung bei Angst- und Paniksymptomatik
Authors: Hasiba Barbara 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungErleben Patienten Angst oder Panik, sind Ärztinnen und Ärzte oft ihre ersten Ansprechpartner. Diese den Patienten innewohnende Angst oder Panik hat einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Beziehung und das ärztliche Gespräch. Gleichzeitig beeinflussen die entsprechenden (Vor-) Annahmen und daraus folgende Interventionen dieses erste Gespräch. Zusätzlich zum Wissen um Grundlagen und dynamische Prozesse können klärende Fragen helfen, gemeinsam geeignete Handlungsmöglichkeiten zu generieren. Diese Fragen sollten den Fokus darauf richten, wer oder was involviert werden kann, eine angemessene Lösung zu finden.
Mobbing unter Klinikärztinnen und
-ärzten
Authors: Beschoner Petra , Jerg-Bretzke Lucia , Braun Maxi , Schönfeldt-Lecuona Carlos , Rottler Edit , Brück Aniela , Steiner Laurenz , Kempf Maximilian Johannes , von Wietersheim Jörn 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Mobbing am Arbeitsplatz gilt als interpersoneller
Stressfaktor. Beruflicher Stress und mentale Gesundheit bei Ärztinnen
und Ärzten rücken zunehmend in den Fokus der
Öffentlichkeit. Inwiefern Mobbing dabei eine Rolle spielt ist noch kaum
untersucht. Die Studie soll daher Daten zu Prävalenz von Mobbing unter
KlinikärztInnen in Deutschland und möglichen
Zusammenhängen mit beruflichem Stress und mentaler Gesundheit
liefern.
Methoden Im Rahmen zweier Querschnittstudien wurden 692
KlinikärztInnen des Fachgebietes Psychiatrie/Psychotherapie
(P/PT) und 667 KlinikärztInnen der Intensivmedizin (IM) auf
Kongressen befragt. Zum Einsatz kamen standardisierte Fragebögen zu
Mobbingerfahrung, Berufsstress und mentaler Gesundheit (Einzelitem aus dem
COPSOQ, BDI-II, ERI, MBI).
Ergebnisse Mobbing erlebten 4,6% (N=61) der Befragten. In
der Tendenz sind IM und Frauen häufiger betroffen (nicht signifikant)
und es zeigten sich Korrelationen mit Berufsstress (ERI), Overcommitment (OC),
Emotionaler Erschöpfung (MBI) und Depressivität (BDI-II).
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Daten an einer großen Kohorte von
Ärztinnen und Ärzten in Fachgebieten mit unterschiedlichem
Belastungsprofil zeigen, dass ein nicht unerheblicher Anteil von Mobbing
betroffen ist und Mobbing in Zusammenhang mit dem Erleben von Berufsstress sowie
Beeinträchtigungen der mentalen Gesundheit stehen. Daraus lassen sich
Implikationen zu institutionellen und individuellen Präventions- und
Unterstützungsangeboten ableiten.
Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz der Bevölkerung in Deutschland:
Ergebnisse des HLS-GER 2
Authors: Schaeffer Doris , Gille Svea , Berens Eva-Maria , Griese Lennert , Klinger Julia , Vogt Dominique , Hurrelmann Klaus 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Durch die Digitalisierung gewinnen digitale Informationen zum Thema
Gesundheit zunehmend an Bedeutung. Neben vielfältigen Chancen bringt
diese Entwicklung auch Herausforderungen mit sich, denn mit dem wachsenden
Angebot steigt zugleich der Bedarf an digitaler Gesundheitskompetenz (DGK). Im
nachfolgenden Beitrag werden das Ausmaß der DGK in der
Bevölkerung in Deutschland, zentrale Determinanten der DGK und Folgen
für die Nutzung digitaler gesundheitsbezogener Informationsangebote
analysiert.
Methodik Die Analyse basiert auf Daten des zweiten Health Literacy Survey
Germany (HLS-GER 2), bestehend aus einer repräsentativen Stichprobe mit
n=2151. Die Erfassung der DGK, der Determinanten sowie der Nutzung
digitaler gesundheitsbezogener Informationsangebote erfolgte mit einem im Rahmen
der internationalen Vergleichsstudie HLS19 erarbeiteten Fragebogens.
Es wurden bivariate und multivariate Analysen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt verfügen 75,8% der
Bevölkerung über eine geringe DGK. Vor allem geringe literale
Fähigkeiten, ein höheres Alter, eine niedrige Bildung sowie ein
niedriger Sozialstatus gehen mit einer geringen DGK einher. Die multivariate
Analyse weist zudem auf einen starken Zusammenhang zwischen DGK und allgemeiner
Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) hin. Geringe DGK ist folgenreich und führt zu
einer geringeren Nutzung digitaler gesundheitsbezogener
Informationsangebote.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit der
Förderung von DGK der Bevölkerung und besonders von Gruppen mit
geringer DGK. Entsprechende Bemühungen sollten die allgemeine GK
einbeziehen, denn sie steht in engem Zusammenhang mit der DGK. Auch um die noch
geringe Nutzung digitaler Informationsangebote in Deutschland zu erhöhen
und generell, um der zunehmenden Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens zu
entsprechen, stellt die Stärkung der DGK eine gesellschaftlich wichtige
Aufgabe dar.
Endoscopic transcecal appendectomy: a new endotherapy for appendiceal orifice lesions
Authors: Guo Linjie , Ye Liansong , Feng Yilong , Bethge Johannes , Yang Juliana , Schreiber Stefan , Hu Bing 
Published: December 2021

Background Endoscopic transcecal appendectomy (ETA) has been reported as a minimally invasive alternative procedure for lesions involving the appendiceal orifice. The aim of this case series study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of ETA for lesions at the appendiceal orifice.
Methods This retrospective study included consecutive patients with appendiceal orifice lesions who underwent ETA between December 2018 and March 2021. The primary outcome was technical success. The secondary outcomes included postoperative adverse events, postoperative hospital stay, and recurrence.
Results 13 patients with appendiceal orifice lesions underwent ETA during the study period. The median lesion size was 20 mm (range 8–50). Lesions morphologies were polypoid lesions (n = 5), laterally spreading tumors (n = 4), and submucosal lesions (n = 4). Technical success with complete resection was achieved in all 13 cases. There were no postoperative bleeding, perforation, or intra-abdominal abscess. The median length of hospital stay after ETA was 8 days (range 6–18). There was no tumor recurrence during a median follow-up of 17 months (range 1–28).
Conclusions ETA is feasible, safe, and effective for complete resection of appendiceal orifice lesions. Larger, multicenter, prospective studies are needed to further assess this technique.
Hybrid argon plasma coagulation-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection for large sessile colon polyps to reduce local recurrence: a prospective pilot study
Authors: Motz Victoria L. , Lester Courtney , Moyer Matthew T. , Maranki Jennifer L. , Levenick John M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large, sessile colon polyps often results in incomplete resection with subsequent recurrence. The aim of this prospective pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel technique, hybrid argon plasma coagulation-assisted EMR (hAPC-EMR), to remove large, sessile polyps.
Methods 40 eligible patients underwent hAPC-EMR for the removal of one or more nonpedunculated colon polyps ≥ 20 mm. Participants were contacted 30 days post-procedure to assess for adverse events and were recommended to return for a surveillance colonoscopy at 6 months to assess for local recurrence.
Results At the time writing, 32 patients with 35 polyps (median size 27 mm; interquartile range 14.5 mm) resected by hAPC-EMR had undergone the 6-month follow-up colonoscopy. Recurrence rate was 0 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0–0) at follow-up. Post-polypectomy bleeding was experienced by three patients (7.5 %; 95 %CI 0.00–0.15), and no patients developed post-polypectomy syndrome.
Conclusion These preliminary results showed 0 % local recurrence rate at 6 months and demonstrated the safety profile of hAPC-EMR. A large, randomized, controlled trial is required to confirm these results.
Hyperphosphatämische familiäre tumorale Kalzinose bei zwei Geschwistern
Authors: Rietschel Christoph , Bolz Hanno , Gradhand Elise , Latta Kay 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über 2 Geschwister mit hyperphosphatämischer familiärer tumoraler Kalzinose (HFTC). Die Symptomatik dieser sehr seltenen autosomal rezessiven Erkrankung kann Grund für eine Vorstellung beim Kinderrheumatologen sein. Patienten mit HFTC entwickeln ektope Kalzifikationen im periartikulären Subkutangewebe mit teilweise erheblicher funktioneller Beeinträchtigung. Häufig liegt außerdem eine diaphysäre Hyperostose langer Röhrenknochen mit starken lokalen Schmerzen vor. Radiologisch kann dabei an eine Osteomyelitis oder einen malignen Knochenprozess gedacht werden. Die Erkrankung beruht auf Mutationen in den Genen FGF23, GALNT3 oder KL. Dies führt zu einer beeinträchtigten Funktion von FGF23 in der Niere, mit dem Ergebnis einer Hyperphosphatämie und eines erhöhten Kalzium-Phosphat-Produktes. Zur Behandlung werden phosphatarme Diät und Phosphatbinder sowie Azetazolamid und Probenecid mit sehr variablem und oft unzureichendem Ergebnis eingesetzt. Der Einsatz von Calcitonin als mögliche therapeutische Option wird diskutiert. Die Behandlung von HFTC ist eine Herausforderung, zukünftige Konzepte könnten den Einsatz von rekombinantem FGF23 oder anderer Rezeptoragonisten beinhalten.
Die Erfassung des allgemeinen familiären Funktionsniveaus:
Psychometrische Evaluation der deutschen Version der Brief Assessment of Family
Functioning Scale
Authors: Spitzer Carsten , Lübke Laura , Göbel Philipp , Müller Sascha , Krogmann Diana , Brähler Elmar , Reis Olaf , Lincke Lena , Kölch Michael 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Funktionalität des Systems Familie spielt nicht nur in der
Entwicklungspsychologie und Familienforschung, sondern auch bei vielen
körperlichen Erkrankungen und psychischen Störungen eine
zentrale Rolle. Trotz dieser hohen Relevanz existieren nur sehr wenige
ultra-kurze, d. h. anwendungsökonomische
Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren, die das allgemeine familiäre
Funktionsniveau abbilden. Diese Lücke schließt die Brief
Assessment of Family Functioning Scale (BAFFS), die aus drei Items der General
Functioning Scale des international weit verbreiteten Family Assessment Device
besteht. In dieser Studie wurde die deutsche Version der BAFFS erstmals an einer
großen und repräsentativen
Allgemeinbevölkerungsstichprobe (n=2463) psychometrisch
evaluiert. Mittels Multigruppen-konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen konnte starke
Messinvarianz für relevante Teilstichproben (Frauen vs. Männer;
Probanden in Partnerschaften mit vs. ohne Kinder) bei guter Modellpassung
gezeigt werden. Obwohl eines der drei Items, welches als einziges negativ
formuliert ist, ungenügende psychometrische Itemkennwerte aufwies, lag
die interne Konsistenz bei Cronbachs α=0,71. Als Hinweis auf
eine adäquate Konstruktvalidität fanden sich hypothesenkonform
Assoziationen des familiären Funktionsniveaus mit dem
sozioökonomischen Status sowie mit aktueller Depressivität und
Ängstlichkeit. Trotz ausstehender Anwendungserfahrungen und
psychometrischer Analysen der Kurzskala Allgemeines Familiäres
Funktionsniveau (KSAFF) als der deutschen Version der BAFFS in relevanten
Zielgruppen und bei Patienten in Klinik und Forschung, kann das mit drei Items
sehr anwendungsökonomische Verfahren zur orientierenden Erfassung des
allgemeinen familiären Funktionsniveaus empfohlen werden, zumal es in
der Allgemeinbevölkerung mit einigen Einschränkungen akzeptable
bis gute psychometrische Kennwerte zeigte.
Focal fatty sparing as an indicator of higher-grade fatty liver assessed by attenuation imaging: a prospective clinical study in NAFLD population
Authors: Miller Elisabeth , Schmidberger Julian , Kratzer Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background As part of a prospective clinical study, the degree of
hepatic fatty degeneration was quantified in a patient population with nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease and sonographically diagnosed with hepatic steatosis using attenuation
imaging.
Methods A total of 113 patients with hepatic steatosis were
examined, of whom 35 showed focal fatty sparing. Patients with the condition after right
nephrectomy, other known liver diseases, and relevant alcohol consumption were excluded from
the evaluation. B-scan sonography and sonographic quantification of steatosis content using
attenuation imaging (Aplio i800 Canon Medical Systems) were performed. Attenuation imaging is
a new ultrasound-based measurement technique that allows objective detection and
quantification of hepatic steatosis.
Results The prevalence of focal fatty sparing was 31.0% in the
patient population examined. Patients with focal fatty sparing showed a statistically
significantly higher attenuation coefficient in contrast to patients without focal fatty
sparing (0.79 ± 0.10 vs. 0.66 ± 0.09 dB/cm/MHz, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion Detection of focal fatty sparing is associated with an
increased attenuation coefficient and is thus an expression of higher-grade hepatic fatty
degeneration. Patients with focal fatty sparing are more often male and have a higher BMI and
a larger liver than patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without focal fatty
sparing.
Understanding Pattern Hair Loss—Hair Biology Impacted by Genes, Androgens, Prostaglandins and Epigenetic Factors
Authors: Trüeb Ralph M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPattern hair loss (PHL) is the most frequent cause of hair loss in men and women, accounting for 65% of consultations in a hair referral center. PHL is understood to represent a hereditary, age-dependent progressive thinning of the scalp hair, which follows distinct clinical patterns with notable differences depending on sex and age of onset. Clinical and investigative advances have helped us to understand some of the pathogenic steps, leading to PHL. Besides genetic factors and peculiarities of androgen metabolism, additional pathogenic factors that are suspected include microbiomata, oxidative stress, and microinflammation. While further suspects are likely to be exposed, individual diversity of causal agents, as well as of the sequence of events, or combined factors, must be kept in mind. A large number of therapeutic molecules claimed to be active and patented in this field, and their limited efficacy in offering a definitive cure of PHL confirm the complexity of PHL. The aim of therapy is to retard progression of hair thinning and increase hair coverage of the scalp. As yet, two FDA-approved drugs are available for this purpose, oral finasteride, and topical solution of minoxidil. Variations in posology and formulation allow for an enhancement of patient comfort and treatment efficacy. Antiandrogen treatments in women with normal androgen levels have questionable efficacy while having health risks.
Free Medial Femoral Condyle Flap for Reconstruction of Scaphoid Nonunion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhou Kiane J. , Graham David J. , Stewart David , Lawson Richard D. , Sivakumar Brahman S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background The free medial femoral condyle (MFC) bone flap is an attractive option for reconstruction of scaphoid nonunion utilizing vascularized bone to augment bony healing, especially in cases of failed prior treatment or osteonecrosis. This review aims to determine the role and reliability of the free MFC flap for treatment of scaphoid nonunion.
Methods A search of electronic databases was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles examining free MFC bone flaps for treatment of scaphoid nonunion were included for analysis. Outcomes of interest included flap failure, postoperative union rate, time to union, carpal indices, functional outcomes, and complications.
Results Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 262 patients underwent free MFC flaps for treatment of scaphoid nonunion. The most common site of nonunion was the proximal pole of the scaphoid with 47% of patients receiving prior attempts at operative management. Overall bony union rate was 93.4% with a mean time to union of 15.6 weeks. There were no flap failures reported. Improvements in carpal indices including scapholunate (p < 0.0004), radiolunate (p < 0.004), lateral interscaphoid angles (p < 0.035), and revised carpal ratio height (p < 0.024) were seen postoperatively. Visual analog scale improved postoperatively from 6.5 to 2.3 (p < 0.015). Postoperative complications were observed in 69 cases (26.3%), with 27 patients (10.3%) requiring further operative intervention. However, no major donor or recipient site morbidity was appreciated.
Conclusion MFC flaps provide a highly versatile and reliable option for reconstruction of scaphoid nonunion with excellent bony union rates and acceptable complication rates. The present literature suggests that MFC reconstruction of scaphoid nonunion restores radiocarpal anatomy and improves wrist function without causing significant donor or recipient site morbidity.
Measuring the carrier diffusion length in quantum dot films using graphene as photocarrier density probe
Authors: Ahn Seungbae , Vazquez-Mena Oscar 
Published: December 2021

The diffusion length of quantum dot (QD) films is a critical parameter to improve the performance of QD-based optoelectronic devices. The dot-to-dot hopping transport mechanism results in shorter diffusion lengths compared to bulk solids. Herein, we present an experimental method to measure the diffusion length in PbS QD films using single layer graphene as a charge collector to monitor the density of photogenerated carriers. By producing devices with different thicknesses, we can construct light absorption and photocarrier density profiles, allowing extracting light penetration depths and carrier diffusion lengths for electrons and holes. We realized devices with small (size: ∼2.5 nm) and large (size: ∼4.8 nm) QDs, and use λ = 532 nm and λ = 635 nm wavelength illumination. For small QDs, we obtain diffusion lengths of 180 nm for holes and 500 nm for electrons. For large QDs, we obtain diffusion lengths of 120 nm for holes and 150 nm for electrons. Our results show that films made of small QD films have longer diffusion lengths for holes and electrons. We also observe that wavelength illumination may have a small effect, with electrons showing a diffusion length of 500 and 420 nm under λ = 532 nm and λ = 635 nm illumination, respectively, which may be due to increased interactions between photocarriers for longer wavelengths with deeper penetration depths. Our results demonstrate an effective technique to calculate diffusion lengths of photogenerated electrons and holes and indicate that not only QD size but also wavelength illumination can play important roles in the diffusion and electrical transport of photocarriers in QD films.
Interfacial water asymmetry at ideal electrochemical interfaces
Authors: Shandilya Abhishek , Schwarz Kathleen , Sundararaman Ravishankar 
Published: December 2021

Controlling electrochemical reactivity requires a detailed understanding of the charging behavior and thermodynamics of the electrochemical interface. Experiments can independently probe the overall charge response of the electrochemical double layer by capacitance measurements and the thermodynamics of the inner layer with potential of maximum entropy measurements. Relating these properties by computational modeling of the electrochemical interface has so far been challenging due to the low accuracy of classical molecular dynamics (MD) for capacitance and the limited time and length scales of ab initio MD. Here, we combine large ensembles of long-time-scale classical MD simulations with charge response from electronic density functional theory to predict the potential-dependent capacitance of a family of ideal aqueous electrochemical interfaces with different peak capacitances. We show that while the potential of maximum capacitance varies, this entire family exhibits an electrode charge of maximum capacitance (CMC) between −2.9 and −2.2 μC/cm2, regardless of the details in the electronic response. Simulated heating of the same interfaces reveals that the entropy peaks at a charge of maximum entropy (CME) of −5.1 ± 0.6 μC/cm2, in agreement with experimental findings for metallic electrodes. The CME and CMC both indicate asymmetric response of interfacial water that is stronger for negatively charged electrodes, while the difference between CME and CMC illustrates the richness in behavior of even the ideal electrochemical interface.
Breakthrough instruments and products: Laser light tunable across the visible up to mid-infrared: Novel turnkey cw OPO with efficiency-optimized design
Authors: Sperling Jaroslaw , Schubert Maik-Hendrik , Wenderoth Marius , Hens Korbinian 
Published: December 2021

Offering unique wavelength versatility, continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators (cw OPOs) are appealing sources of widely tunable laser light. Due to technical challenges, however, practical tunable cw OPO devices have so far been mostly limited either to near-infrared wavelength coverage or to maximum optical output powers in the 100 mW range—or both. We present a novel cw OPO design achieving output powers at the Watt-level throughout the very wide 500–765 nm gap-free tuning range in the visible and coverage of up to 3540 nm in the infrared spectral range. The system layout and its wavelength tuning options are tailored, in particular, to fundamental experiments in quantum and nanophotonics research as well as to applied holography.