bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Stronger Versus Weaker Walker: Understanding Model Differences in Fast and Slow Tropical Pacific Responses to Global Warming
Authors: Heede Ulla K. , Fedorov Alexey V. , Burls Natalie J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The tropical Pacific response to radiative forcing remains uncertain as projected future changes to the Walker circulation and SST patterns vary substantially among climate models. Here, we study what sets the magnitude and timescales of the response and why they differ across models. Specifically, we compare the fast and slow responses of the tropical Pacific to abrupt CO2 increases (2,4,8,16xCO2) in two configurations of the same model family (CESM) that differ in horizontal resolution and mean biases. We find that the model with a higher resolution shows a transient ocean thermostat-like response to CO2-forcing, with a stronger Walker cell and lack of warming in the eastern Pacific trade wind belts. This fast response lasts for about 50 years and is followed by a slight Walker cell weakening and equatorial warming. The second model, with a coarser resolution, shows a weak and short-lasting ocean thermostat response, followed by pronounced Walker cell weakening and eastern equatorial Pacific warming, similar to the long-term pattern noted in previous studies. These fast and slow responses also manifest in gradual CO2 increase experiments. We relate the magnitude of the fast ocean-thermostat response to the structure of the equatorial thermocline, setting the strength of the Bjerknes feedback. The magnitude and timing of the eastern equatorial Pacific warming are, is turn, related to the competition of the wind-evaporation-SST feedback amplifying the ocean-thermostat against the slowdown of oceanic subtropical cells and extra-tropical warming eroding the thermostat. Different balances between these effects could explain the large spread in the future projections for the tropical Pacific.
Doping and Surface Modification Enhance the Applicability of Nanostructured Fullerene-MWCNT Hybrid Draped LiNi0.1Mg0.1Co0.8O2 As High Efficient Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: S Arockia Shyamala Paniyarasi , K Suja S , R Nimma Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Development of high performance cathode materials, layer-structured ternary LiNi x Co y M 1-x-y O 2 cathode materials have attracted much attention owing to their larger capacity and higher energy density.Persistent efforts have been devoted to tackling certain issues like low electronic conductivity and poor structural stability. Dual strategy of Mg doping and surface modification of the cathode material was adopted to improve the performance of the battery. Fullerene-Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid draped LiNi 0.1 Mg 0.1 Co 0.8 O 2 nanocomposite was synthesized by a simple chemical route. The fullerene-MWCNT hybrid modifies the surface of pristine LiNi 0.1 Mg 0.1 Co 0.8 O 2 thereby improves the electrochemical performance and maintains the structural stability of the cathode material. Pristine LiNi 0.1 Mg 0.1 Co 0.8 O 2 and LiNi 0.1 Mg 0.1 Co 0.8 O 2 / fullerene-MWCNT nanocomposite were studied using various advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Micro-Raman spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). It is found that LiNi 0.1 Mg 0.1 Co 0.8 O 2 particles retain their structural integrity after being enveloped with a fullerene-MWCNT hybrid. The electrochemical performance was investigated with cyclic voltammetry(CV), galvanostaticcharge-discharge(GCD) test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). As prepared LiNi 0.1 Mg 0.1 Co 0.8 O 2 , when deployed in the form of LiNi 0.1 Mg 0.1 Co 0.8 O 2 / fullerene-MWCNT composite exhibits a high specific capacity of 208 mAh g -1 .Fullerene-MWCNT hybrid draped LiNi 0.1 Mg 0.1 Co 0.8 O 2 nanocomposite provides an effective Li + and electron channel that significantly increased the Li-ion diffusion coefficient and reduced the charge transfer resistance. Besides,the lithium diffusion coefficient increased from 5.13 x 10 -13 (Li/LiNi 0.1 Mg 0.1 Co 0.8 O 2 ) to 8.313 x 10 -13 cm 2 s -1 due to the improved kinetics of Li insertion/extraction process in Li/LiNi 0.1 Mg 0.1 Co 0.8 O 2 +fullerene-MWCNT cell.
Can the new boron-fertilization method improve the system productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) – mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cropping system under upland calcareous soils?
Authors: Laik Ranjan , Singh Santosh Kumar , Pamanick Biswajit , Kumari Vandana , Nath Debabrata , Dessoky Eldessoky S. , Attia Attia O. , Hassan Mohamed M. , Hossain Akbar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Calcareous soils are highly deficient in boron (B) which has become one of the most important deficient micronutrients in Indian soil after zinc (Zn). For various rice-based cropping systems, B-fertilization is essential for increasing crop productivity and the biofortification of the crop, thus suitable soil application protocol for B-fertilization are required for B-deficient soils.
Results

In a six years-long experiment, different rates of B application viz. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg ha− 1 y− 1 were evaluated to determine the effects of three different modes of B fertilization viz. applied only in the first year, in alternating years, and every year in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) – Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cropping system. It was observed that the application of B at 1.5 kg ha− 1 in every year or 2 kg ha− 1 in alternate years resulted in the highest yield of rice and mustard as well as the system productivity of the rice–mustard cropping system. Application of 2 kg ha− 1 B in the initial year showed the maximum B-uptake by rice, while, application of 1.5–2.0 kg ha− 1 B in every year resulted in the maximum B-uptake by the mustard crop.
Conclusion

Application of B at 2 kg ha− 1 in alternate years or 1.5 kg ha− 1 in every year was the best B-application protocol under rice–mustard cropping system in B-deficient calcareous soils for ensuring the best system productivity of rice–mustard cropping system and B-availability in soil.
Alcohol Use and Associated Factors among Adolescent Boys and Young Men in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Kabwama Steven Ndugwa , Matovu Joseph KB , Ssenkusu John M , Ssekamatte Tonny , Wanyenze Rhoda K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAlcohol use leads to about 3 million deaths globally. The alcohol industry employs marketing strategies to establish their brands in the lives of young people at a time when addictive behaviors are initiated and reinforced. We conducted a survey among adolescent boys and young men (ABYM) to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use and associated factors using the Health Belief Model as the guiding framework. MethodsThe study was conducted among ABYM in- or out-of-school aged 10-24 years in Kampala, Uganda. We used questions adopted from the Global School-based Student Health Survey and the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance questionnaire to collect data. The dependent variable was alcohol use within 30 days before the interview. We also asked about predictors such as alcohol use by siblings, parents/ guardians, school status among others. We used odds ratios obtained via a logistic regression model as the measure of association.ResultsA total of 2500 ABYM participated, of which 262 (10.5%, 95%CI 9.3-11.7) had consumed alcohol within 30 days before the interview. Out-of-school ABYM had higher odds of consuming alcohol compared with their in-school counterparts AOR 1.55 (95%CI 1.09-2.20). Compared with ABYM whose parents/ guardians did not drink alcohol, ABYM whose both parents consumed alcohol had higher odds of consuming alcohol AOR 2.24 (95%CI 1.38-3.64) as were those with only a mother or female guardian who consumed alcohol AOR 1.95 (95%CI 1.11-3.41). ABYM with siblings that drink alcohol had higher odds of consuming alcohol AOR 2.25 (95%CI 1.80-3.52). ABYM who possessed items with an alcohol brand logo had higher odds of consuming alcohol AOR 2.00 (95%CI 1.33-3.01). ConclusionsThere are significant levels of alcohol consumption among ABYM which calls for interventions targeting this age group and recognizing the role of the family, school and community in prevention and promotion of use. There is need to regulate alcohol marketing and ensuring availability of alcohol dependence treatment services that build confidence among youth.
An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a New Memristor Chaotic System and DNA Variation
Authors: Xiong Li , Li Peng , Zhang Yingqian , Yang Feifei , Ma Chenguang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new memristor chaotic system is designed based on Chua’s memristor chaotic system. To get the complete picture of the brain of a three-dimensional chaotic attractor, red and blue 3D glasses is used to observe the chaotic attractor, and using Lyapunov exponent spectrum, SE complexity and C0 complexity to analyze dynamical characteristics of new memristor chaotic system. The results illustrate that the chaotic state of the new memristor chaotic system is distributed over a large parameter range, which shows that the new memristor chaotic system is more suitable for image encryption applications. To verify the image encryption application of the new memristor chaotic system, a novel image encryption algorithm is designed based on the new memristor chaotic system and DNA variation. The security performances of the designed algorithm indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively encrypt image and has better security performance.
Identifying malicious secondary user presence within Primary User Range in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Varatharajan Brinda , Mariappan Bhuvaneswari 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cognitive Radio (CR) is a widely used wireless radio communication to utilize the available spectrum space of licensed users (Primary Users) efficiently. The primary Users (PU) unused spectrum space for a particular period is allocated to the Secondary Users (SU). The most alarming issue in this assignment is security, in which the secondary users disguise as primary users and misuses the allotted spectrum. To address this issue, in this paper we have proposed the Boundary detection method that uses the estimated location of each SU, which is obtained using the Recurrent Neural Network algorithm, to determine the boundary of PU coverage. Then Malicious User Detection by Ordering (MUDO) methodology is proposed, in which all secondary users are ordered, and based on the orders the SUs are paired with corresponding PUs. The SUs with the least orders are discarded as they might be malicious users. The proposed methodology possesses higher detection speed and precise detection thereby enhancing the performance of Cognitive Radio (CR).
Impact of Cobalt Doping on Structural, Electrical, Magnetic and Optical Properties of Zn1-xCoxO Nanocomposites: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Kumar Harish , Singh Ram Mehar , Pal Ram 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Doping of nanocomposites (NCs) with different metal oxide leads to a significant change in its structural, optical, electrical, mechanical, thermal, catalytic, and magnetic properties. The effect of the addition of CoO nanoparticles (NPs) on the structural, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of Zn/CoO NCs have been investigated in detail. Zn1-xCoxO NCs were synthesized by the sol-gel method followed by annealing at 4000C. The NCs were characterized by UV-visible, XRD, FTIR, TEM, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The structural and surface study was performed by X-ray diffraction and TEM techniques which shows spherical and cubical NCs with an average size of 25-55 nm. Computational study (DMol3, CASTEP, Forcite, and Reflex) was used to study the electronic and optical properties of metal NPs. The Co2+ ions replace Zn2+ ions in the ZnO lattice resulting a change in its structure from Wurtzite (ZnO NPs) to cubic Zn1-xCoxO NCs. The lattice parameters, strain, and dislocation density were found to decrease with an increase in CoO concentration in Zn1-xCoxO NCs. The saturation magnetization, retentivity, and coercivity were found to be lesser in Zn1-xCoxO NCs. The synthesized cobalt doped Zn1-xCoxO NCs can act as an efficient material for spintronic applications.
CoZnFeO4 Prepared by Waste Ferrous Sulfate as Iron Source: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Zhang Pan , Shu Yirui , Zhong Yanjun , Yang Lin , Yang Xiushan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aiming at devloping novel low cost and high performance catalyst for degradation of methylene blue in industrial waste water. Waste ferrous sulfater which is a industrial waste produced in the process of producing titanium dioxide, CoZnFeO4 is synthesized from waste ferrous sulfate by solid phase method. The experimental results show that CoZnFeO4 has better catalytic performance than other control samplesc: the degradation rate of methylene blue reaches 100% within 8 min, which maintains high catalytic activity after 5 cycles. Zeta potential and ICP-MS tests show that the degradation reaction occurs in the catalyst. The degradation pathway of methylene blue is verified by ESI-MS. These findings provide a low cost and simple strategy for rational design and modulation of catalysts for the industrial degradation of organic pollutants. It not only realizes the use of waste to treat waste, but also accords with the current concept of green chemistry.
Association Between Anthropometric Measurements and the Amount of Fat Aspirated in Waist and Abdominal Liposuction: A 20-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Yang Fan , Dou Wenjie , Peng Liwei , Li Wangzhou , Li Yuejun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies revealed that larger liposuction volumes were related to an increased risk of complications. However, no concrete data exist to support the most critical factor which affects the liposuction volume in the waist and abdominal area. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the anthropometric measurements and lipoaspirate volume.Methods: The present study was a single-center retrospective study. 742 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in our hospital, from January 2001 to August 2020, were reviewed. Spearman correlation analyses and multivariable regressions were used to assess the relationship between the anthropometric measurements and lipoaspirate volume. Linear-by-linear association chi-square statistic and Goodman-Kruskal gamma method were used to test the consistency and to develop a rank prediction formula.Results: A total of 742 patients aged 18-59 years old met the inclusion criteria. Among all the anthropometric measurements, the highest correlation coefficient was observed in waist circumference. Subgroup analyses indicated that there was an interaction between the BMI and waist circumference on liposuction volume. Formula was generated to estimate the range of liposuction volume based on the nine grouped waist circumferences [liposuction volume (mean) = 106.3 waist circumference (mean) - 7497, P < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.9638].Conclusions: Waist circumference was the most influential factor for lipoaspirate volume. Roughly predicting the lipoaspirate volume allows surgeons to estimate their operating volume even if no iconography machine is available during suction-assisted lipectomy. This can increase safety, potentially decreasing the number of adverse events.
Attentional Bias for the Left Visual Field in Ambiguous Necker Cube Processing
Authors: Maksimenko Vladimir , Kuc Alexander , Badarin Artem , Grubov Vadim , Shusharina Natalia , Hramov Alexander E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is a view that people better react to the stimuli presented in their left visual field (LVF) due to the right lateralization of the ventral attentional network (VAN). Previous studies used color-deviant stimuli and reported LVF bias for a bottom-up attentional component. Here we examined this effect for ambiguous stimuli, Necker cubes whose processing requires bottom-up and top-down attention. We instructed subjects to report cube’s orientation, left or right, while manipulated their ambiguity. In line with other works, we suggested that ambiguity enhanced reliance on the top-down mechanisms. For low ambiguity, subjects responded faster to the left-oriented cubes. EEG power increased in the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) for 0.3 s post-stimulus onset. For high ambiguity, we found no difference in response time and EEG power. These results may evidence VAN activation when processing the bottom-up stimulus features. The eye-tracking confirmed that subjects focused on the center of the stimulus. We hypothesized that they used peripheral vision to acquire sensory information. Therefore, the LVF attentional bias might influence the evidence accumulation process. Our results support the bottom-up attentional bias to the left visual field and provide evidence for the vital role of right TPJ in controlling bottom-up attention.
Monitoring changes in the shape of the spine in children with postural disorders
Authors: Żurawski Arkadiusz , Śliwiński Zbigniew , Starz Grażyna Nowak , (Kiebzak) Wojciech Kiebzak 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDue to numerous complications of an abnormal shape of the spine, it is extremely important to systematically monitor its shape. Precise and routine method of measurement enables comparison of the scores obtained over time and possible early intervention in order to avoid complications.The aim of the work is to present the pattern for monitoring changes in the shape of the spine in children with postural deformities.MethodsThe study group (n = 211) consisted of the patients with diagnosed shape of the spine deformity, who underwent a four-month therapy, supervised by a physiotherapist. The control group (n = 101) were the children with no shape of spine deformity.The children in the study group underwent a three-dimensional computer analysis of the shape of the spine. The DIERS test was performed in both groups (study and control). In the study group it was performed four times. It involved the measurement of seven parameters enabling a complete assessment of body posture.ResultsStatistically significant scores of the Friedman test for imbalance, pelvic tilt, kyphosis angle, lordosis angle, and lateral deviation were observed. Therefore, a series of post-hoc analyzes were performed using Dunn-Bonferroni tests. It was observed that changes in individual parameters analyzed in the authors' study come up at a different pace.ConclusionsDetailed monitoring of the parameters describing the position of the spine makes it possible to control the course of the treatment process of patients with disorders of the position of the spine. The dynamics of changes taking place within the spine position varies for the individual parameters analyzed.
Delineation of Sedimentary Basin Structure beneath the Banyumas Basin, Central Java, Indonesia, Using Ambient Seismic Noise Tomography
Authors: Setiawan Ahmad , Zulfakriza Zulfakriza , Nugraha Andri Dian , Rosalia Shindy , Priyono Awali , Widiyantoro Sri , Sahara David P. , Marjiyono Marjiyono , Setiawan Januar H. , Lelono Eko Budi , Permana Asep K. , Hidayat Hidayat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Subsurface images of an area with a thick volcanic layer generally can not be well-imaged with conventional seismic exploration (seismic reflection) due to seismic wave scattering. Another method is needed to obtain an accurate subsurface image in a thick volcanic layer area. In this study, we applied Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT) to image the shear-wave velocity (Vs) structure in the Banyumas Basin, Central Java, Indonesia, which has relatively thick volcanic layers. We aimed to delineate the sediment deposits and the sedimentary thickness in this area. Although this method has limited application for subsurface imaging with a thick volcanic layer area, the application of cross-correlations from ambient noise has been widely applied in numerous locations to obtain greater understanding of subsurface structures. In this study, more than 1,000 pairs of vertical component cross-correlations were used to estimate the Green's Function of the Rayleigh wave. The Multiple Filter Technique (MFT) was used as a Time-Frequency Analysis and 1,291 dispersion curves were obtained. The Neighbourhood Algorithm (NA) was utilized to inverse the dispersion curves at 121 grid points which were used to obtain a vertical depth profile of 1D Vs. The Vs map results show that the low Vs tend to trend in a northwest-southeast direction associated with two areas: the Majenang low, and the Citanduy low. The presence of low Vs values corresponds with Middle Miocene–Pliocene sedimentary rocks. Meanwhile, the high Vs value in this area might correspond with Oligocene–Early Miocene volcanic products and Eocene sediment. Our study was also able to reveal the thickness of sedimentary rocks in the the Banyumas sedimentary basin, which is believed to have hydrocarbon potential.
Synthesis and characterization of the starch/silicone composite and elaboration of its films
Authors: Peralta-González Coyolicaltzin , Ramirez-Hernandez Aurelio , Rangel-Porras Gustavo , Aparicio-Saguilán Alejandro , Aguirre-Cruz Andrés , González-García Gerardo , Báez-García José Eduardo , Páramo-Calderón Delia Esther 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Synthesis of the starch/silicone composite carried out and its structural characterization by FTIR, Raman and 29Si NMR allowed to identify functional groups of the composite. The synthesis conditions were a starch/silicone mass ratio of 2.0 and a temperature of 150 oC to obtain a yield of 84.63 %. SEM analysis showed that the starch granules were covered by silicone, this caused a decrease in the crystallinity of starch. Composite films have higher thermal stability compared to native starch. Mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the starch/silicone composite film increase with respect to starch-only films. While the crystallinity of both films is similar. The results obtained in this work indicate that starch/silicone composites can be an alternative to make films with a potential use for the packaging industry.