bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and Inverse Model for Single-Hole Film Cooling With Machine Learning
Authors: Xing Haifeng , Luo Lei , Du Wei , Wang Songtao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The direct prediction model for adiabatic film cooling effectiveness distribution and inverse prediction model for design parameters are studied in this article. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are trained on a set of simulated adiabatic film cooling effectiveness contours parameterized by blowing ratio, density ratio, mainstream turbulence intensity, injection angle, and compound angle. The direct model and the inverse model are able to approximate the data in the test set with plausible accuracy. The absolute error of spatial averaged effectiveness no larger than 0.03 could be obtained in the test set by a direct model with time consumption less than 1 ms for a single case. The inverse model is the first model of its kind, which accomplished the inverse mapping from contours to parameters. It has been demonstrated that the concatenation of inverse model with the pretrained direct model, which can be treated as a complex loss function, has preferable approximation performance compared with simple mean squared error (MSE) loss function in the training of the inverse model, thus confirming the necessity of adopting specialized modeling strategies for inverse problems.
Smart Pump Station for Cross Country Pipelines
Authors: Ibrahim V. Shiyas , Kumar T. Jonathan Sampath 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cross-country pipelines are the safest mode of transportation for petroleum products. A typical hydrocarbon multi-product cross-country pipeline network consists of Dispatch station, cross-country Pipeline, Intermediate Pump Stations, Sectionalizing Valve Stations, intermediate pigging stations and Receipt Stations. Dispatch station, Intermediate Pump Stations and Receipt stations are manned stations to meet the operational and maintenance requirements in the pipeline network. Since pipelines operate round the clock, operations work force are required on 24 × 7 basis at these control rooms. Typically, work force expenses account for more than 25% of total operating cost.
Cross-country pipelines are often laid in areas away from Urban and Industrialized areas. Intermediate Booster stations are also mostly located in remote areas. The work force operating these stations have to stay in hardship locations to ensure pipeline operations are unhindered.
In order to optimize the work force requirements at Intermediate Pump stations and to ensure seamless and safe operations, it is proposed to construct Smart pump stations. The smart pump stations are intelligent enough with state of the art instrumentation to be monitored / controlled / operated from a remote controlling station which is a non-hardship location. The smart pump stations are designed such that it will have self-sufficient systems which will require minimum human interface from remote controlling stations.
HPCL has implemented the smart pump station design philosophy in its ongoing Vijayawada Dharmapuri Pipeline project wherein two Intermediate Pump (IP) stations viz. Donakonda & Kalakada are designed and are being constructed as smart pump stations which are being completely automated and will be remotely monitored / controlled from remote controlling stations at Vijayawada & Kadapa respectively.
Design philosophy of Smart Stations entails developing a completely new and a tailor made design philosophy for Process, mechanical, Electrical, Instrumentation, cathodic protection system, SCADA, Telecom & allied systems, fire & safety and accordingly getting all the equipment selected / manufactured / installed / commissioned.
Several of Emerging Technological Developments, Innovation and Implementation Case for Pipelines
Authors: Janrao Balkrishna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Considering “Pipeline Industry’s Need of the Hour - Self Reliance and Emerging Technology Trends” as theme of pipeline conference, my submission of paper is on several use cases on technology and innovation for pipeline’s different life cycle phases.
There are continual developments in pipeline industry and several of technologies were successfully implemented or under consideration phase for implementation for pipeline industry.
In all phases of pipeline lifecycle of material management, project implementation as well in Operation & Maintenance (O&M) of pipeline. Several technological changes as well several of innovations in existing systems are of extensive use for enhancing pipeline safety, reliability, monitoring system as well ease of operations and maintenance. Many of systems been used for other purposes and are of great use for pipelines.
This paper discusses on few of such technologies and their implementation for pipelines.
Behind Closed Doors; Pipeline Closures and Traps Revisited
Authors: Solanki Hemantkumar , Variya Pradip 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pipeline doors or “closures” are commonplace in the pipeline industry, providing access to the pipeline as well as to high-pressure equipment associated with the pipeline such as filters, separators, strainers, etc. Despite their prevalence, the importance of closures to the safe and efficient operation of a pipeline system is often overlooked. Recent changes in closure definitions and terminology warrant a review of the systems, applicable standards, designs and considerations related to choosing a closure for a desired purpose.
Closure can be defined differently, one definition, for example, is a pressure-containing component used to blind off an opening nozzle on a vessel or end of pipeline which could mean simply a bolted blind flange, a T-bolt cap. Others define a “quick-opening” closure as a pressure-containing component used for repeated access to the interior of a piping system. So clearly there are several ways the current codes can be interpreted, but what does it all mean?
In addition to the changes in definitions and terminology on the closures, during the design of the traps, many different codes and standards may be applied. Both the product that will be transported and where the equipment will be located can impact on the materials and the design of the traps. This can include the transitions from one design code to another, commonly referred to as breaks in the specifications, or “spec breaks”.
This paper will focus on quick-actuating and quick-opening closures, presenting a history of pipeline closures from the early development to recent innovations. Also, the paper will address the issue of spec breaks and how designers and owners can benefit from the right choices for safe, cost effective and code compliant launch and receive facilities.
High Prevalence of Coinfecting Enteropathogens in Suspected Rotavirus Vaccine Breakthrough Cases
Authors: Simsek Ceren , Bloemen Mandy , Jansen Daan , Beller Leen , Descheemaeker Patrick , Reynders Marijke , Van Ranst Marc , Matthijnssens Jelle 
Published: September 2021

Despite the global use of rotavirus vaccines, vaccine breakthrough cases remain a pediatric health problem. In this study, we investigated suspected rotavirus vaccine breakthrough cases using next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based viral metagenomics (
n
= 102) and a panel of semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) (
n
= 92) targeting known enteric pathogens.
Antenatal corticosteroids and neurodevelopmental outcomes in late preterm births
Authors: Aviram Amir , Murphy Kellie , McDonald Sarah , Asztalos Elizabeth , Zaltz Arthur , Redelmeier Donald , Shah Baiju , Barrett Jon , Melamed Nir 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesAntenatal corticosteroids (ACS) decrease neonatal mortality and morbidity among preterm neonates, yet there has been concern regarding their long-term safety. We hypothesised that potential long-term adverse effects of ACS may be observed among infants born during the late preterm period (LPT, 340/7–366/7weeks of gestation), when the benefits of ACS are subtle.DesignPopulation-based, retrospective cohort.SettingOntario, Canada, between 2006 and 2011.PatientsAll live singleton infants born during the LPT period with a minimum 5-year follow-up.InterventionsExposure to ACS prior to 340/7weeks of gestation.Main outcome measuresSuspected neurocognitive disorder, audiometry testing or visual testing.ResultsOverall, 25 668 infants were eligible for analysis, of whom 2689 (10.5%) received ACS. Infants in the ACS group had lower mean birth weight and higher rates of birth weight <10th percentile, neonatal resuscitation and neonatal intensive care unit admission. At 5 years of age, ACS exposure was associated with an increased risk of suspected neurocognitive disorder (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.12, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.20), audiometry testing (aHR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.31) and visual testing (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11).ConclusionIn children born during the LPT period, exposure to ACS prior to 340/7weeks of gestation is associated with an increased utilisation of the healthcare system related to audiometry and visual testing and suspected neurocognitive disorders by 5 years of age.
Lineage tracing and single-cell analysis reveal proliferative Prom1+ tumour-propagating cells and their dynamic cellular transition during liver cancer progression
Authors: Zhou Lei , Yu Ken HO , Wong Tin Lok , Zhang Zhao , Chan Chun Ho , Loong Jane HC , Che Noelia , Yu Hua Jian , Tan Kel Vin , Tong Man , Ngan Elly S , Ho Joshua WK , Ma Stephanie 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has high intratumoral heterogeneity, which contributes to therapeutic resistance and tumour recurrence. We previously identified Prominin-1 (PROM1)/CD133 as an important liver cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in human HCC. The aim of this study was to investigate the heterogeneity and properties of Prom1+ cells in HCC in intact mouse models.DesignWe established two mouse models representing chronic fibrotic HCC and rapid steatosis-related HCC. We performed lineage tracing post-HCC induction using Prom1C-L/+; Rosa26tdTomato/+ mice, and targeted depletion using Prom1C-L/+; Rosa26DTA/+ mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was carried out to analyse the transcriptomic profile of traced Prom1+ cells.ResultsProm1 in HCC tumours marks proliferative tumour-propagating cells with CSC-like properties. Lineage tracing demonstrated that these cells display clonal expansion in situ in primary tumours. Labelled Prom1+ cells exhibit increasing tumourigenicity in 3D culture and allotransplantation, as well as potential to form cancers of differential lineages on transplantation. Depletion of Prom1+ cells impedes tumour growth and reduces malignant cancer hallmarks in both HCC models. scRNA-seq analysis highlighted the heterogeneity of Prom1+ HCC cells, which follow a trajectory to the dedifferentiated status with high proliferation and stem cells traits. Conserved gene signature of Prom1 linage predicts poor prognosis in human HCC. The activated oxidant detoxification underlies the protective mechanism of dedifferentiated transition and lineage propagation.ConclusionOur study combines in vivo lineage tracing and scRNA-seq to reveal the heterogeneity and dynamics of Prom1+ HCC cells, providing insights into the mechanistic role of malignant CSC-like cells in HCC progression.
Healthcare distrust among hospitalised black patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nguyen Thang Cong , Gathecha Evelyn , Kauffman Regina , Wright Scott , Harris Ché Matthew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudy purposeDistrust of the healthcare system is longstanding in the black community. This may especially threaten the health of the population when a highly contagious infection strikes. This study aims to compare COVID-19-related perspectives and behaviours between hospitalised black patients who trust versus distrust doctors and healthcare systems.Study designCross-sectional study at a tertiary care academic hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. Hospitalised adult black patients without a history of COVID-19 infection were surveyed between November 2020 and March 2021 using an instrument that assessed COVID-19-related matters. Analyses compared those who trusted versus mistrusted doctors and healthcare systems.Results37 distrusting hospitalised black patients were compared with 103 black patients who trusted doctors and healthcare systems. Groups had similar sociodemographics (all p&gt;0.05). Distrustful patients were less likely to think that they were at high risk of contracting COVID-19 (54.0% vs 75.7%; p=0.05), less likely to believe that people with underlying medical conditions were at higher risk of dying from the virus (86.4% vs 98.0%; p=0.01) and less likely to be willing to accept COVID-19 vaccination (when available) (51.3% vs 77.6%; p&lt;0.01) compared with those who were trusting.ConclusionHealthcare distrustful hospitalised black patients were doubtful of COVID-19 risk and hesitant about vaccination. Hospitalisations are concentrated exposures to the people and processes within healthcare systems; at these times, seizing the opportunity to establish meaningful relationships with patients may serve to gain their trust.
Are family medicine residents trained to counsel patients on physical activity? The Canadian experience and a call to action
Authors: Thornton Jane , Khan Karim , Weiler Richard , Mackie Christopher , Petrella Robert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and early mortality. Family physicians have an important role in providing physical activity counselling to patients to help prevent and treat NCDs. Lack of training on physical activity counselling is a barrier in undergraduate medical education, yet little is known regarding physical activity teaching in postgraduate family medicine residency. We assessed the provision, content and future direction of physical activity teaching in Canadian postgraduate family medicine residency programs to address this data gap. Fewer than half of Canadian Family Medicine Residency Programme directors reported providing structured physical activity counselling education to residents. Most directors reported no imminent plans to change the content or amount of teaching. These results reflect significant gaps between the recommendations of WHO, which calls on doctors to prescribe physical activity, and the current curricular content and needs of family medicine residents. Almost all directors agreed that online educational resources developed to assist residents in physical activity prescription would be beneficial. By describing the provision, content and future direction of physical activity training in family medicine, physicians and medical educators can develop competencies and resources to meet this need. When we equip our future physicians with the necessary tools, we can improve patient outcomes and do our part to reduce the global epidemic of physical inactivity and chronic disease.
Synthesis and photoluminescence of Si-doped boron carbide nanobelts
Authors: Fo Shaotong , Wang Zhuo , Fan Xiaoyong , Wu Wen-Wen 
Published: September 2021

It is of great interest to synthesize boron carbide nanomaterials and explore their novel properties. We reported the synthesis of belt-like Si-doped boron carbide nanomaterials at a low temperature of 1500 °C with no catalyst. The structures and formation mechanism were investigated. Broad photoluminescence spectra between 400 and 500 nm were observed under 380 nm light excitation. The mechanism of the blue shift of the as-received samples in comparison with the reported boron carbide nanostructured materials is discussed.
Can a tensorial analogue of gravitational force explain away the galactic rotation curves without dark matter?
Authors: Vishwakarma Ram Gopal 
Published: September 2021

The dark matter problem is one of the most pressing problems in modern physics. As there is no well-established claim from a direct detection experiment supporting the existence of the illusive dark matter that has been postulated to explain the flat rotation curves of galaxies, and since the whole issue of an alternative theory of gravity remains controversial, it may be worth to reconsider the familiar ground of general relativity (GR) itself for a possible way out. It has recently been discovered that a skew-symmetric rank-three tensor field — the Lanczos tensor field — that generates the Weyl tensor differentially, provides a proper relativistic analogue of the Newtonian gravitational force. By taking account of its conformal invariance, the Lanczos tensor leads to a modified acceleration law which can explain, within the framework of GR itself, the flat rotation curves of galaxies without the need for any dark matter whatsoever.
Fertility Preservation Programme in a Tertiary-Assisted Reproduction Unit in Hong Kong
Authors: Ko Jennifer K. Y. , Lam Kevin K.W. , Cheng Heidi H.Y. , Lui Man Wa , Yung Sofie S.F. , Li Raymond H.W. , Lau Estella Y.L. , Ho Pak Chung , Yeung William S.B. , Ng Ernest H.Y. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Fertility preservation is increasingly important with improving cancer survival rates and the delay in childbearing in modern societies. The objective of our study was to review the experience of the fertility preservation programme in a tertiary-assisted reproduction unit in Hong Kong. Methods: This is a retrospective study involving men and women who were seen at a tertiary-assisted reproduction unit for fertility preservation counselling before gonadotoxic treatment from January 2005 to December 2020. Their medical records in paper and electronic forms were reviewed. Results: There were 75 consultations for female fertility preservation from 2010 to 2020 involving 72 women. Twenty women underwent 22 cycles of ovarian stimulation for oocyte or embryo cryopreservation, two of whom subsequently transported their oocytes abroad for further management and another two achieved natural conception. Additional four women who did not have oocyte or embryo cryopreservation achieved natural conception after cancer treatment. Eleven (15.2%) women were followed up at a reproductive endocrinology clinic after their cancer treatment. From 2005 to 2020, 265 men had sperm cryopreserved. Twenty-six (9.8%) came back to use the cryopreserved sperms, the wives of 13 (50.0%) of whom achieved an on-going pregnancy. Six of them transferred out and 40 discarded the cryopreserved sperms. Conclusions: There was generally an increasing number of patient consultations for fertility preservation in our Centre over the past decade but a consistently low rate of utilisation of cryopreserved gametes for both women and men. Post-cancer treatment fertility evaluation and monitoring was a major area of deficiency in Hong Kong. More structured post-cancer treatment fertility follow-up is needed.
Application of Single-Hole Laparoscopy and Sentinel Lymph Node Imaging in Early Endometrial Carcinoma in Special Population
Authors: Zhou Jianqing , Zhu Weili , Zhu Tao , Tang Xuedong 
Published: September 2021

Aim. To explore the clinical efficacy of single-hole laparoscopy combined with sentinel lymph node imaging in the treatment of early endometrial carcinoma in a special population. Method. A retrospective analysis was made on the clinicopathological data of 8 patients with early endometrial carcinoma who underwent extra fascial total hysterectomy plus double adnexal resection and pelvic sentinel lymphadenectomy by transumbilical single-hole laparoscopy in Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Apr. 2019 to Apr. 2021. Result. Single-hole laparoscopy and sentinel lymph node imaging were successfully performed in 8 patients with early endometrial carcinoma, and none of them was converted to porous or laparotomy. At the same time, all 8 patients have a high demand for body shape. All FIGO pathological grades were grade I before operation. Operation time is

160.87
±
40.61

min

, amount of bleeding is

68.75
±
12.31

ml

, the catheter was removed for 2 days, anal exhaust time is

30.13
±
10.99

h

, and postoperative hospital stay is

4.00
±
1.07

d

. There was no related organ injury during the operation, no case of blood transfusion, or case of poor wound healing. The evaluation of postoperative satisfaction was very satisfactory. Conclusion. The application of single-hole laparoscopy and sentinel lymph node imaging in the treatment of early endometrial carcinoma in the special population should be safe and feasible with high satisfaction.
Vaduvur and Sitheri lakes, Tamil Nadu, India: conservation and management perspective
Authors: Gokula V. , Ananth Raj P. 
Published: September 2021

Wetlands are declining globally. Hence, it is reasonable to assume that most existing wetlands are impacted to some degree by human land-use that in turn caused population declines in many wetland-dependent taxa. The National Wetland Atlas has classified Tamil Nadu as a wetland-rich state as they occupy 6.92% of geographic area. However, studies on wetlands are limited in Tamil Nadu. Hence, an attempt was made to identify the threats to the Vaduvur and Sitheri lakes and their associated fauna. In total, 118 species of birds belonging to 87 genera, 48 families and 18 orders in Vaduvur Lake and 87 species of birds belonging to 71 genera, 48 families and 16 orders in Sitheri Lake were recorded. A total of 28 zooplankton species were recorded in both the lakes comprising 14 species of rotifers, six species of cladocerans, five species of copepods, two species of ostracods, and one species of protozoa. A total of 15 species of fishes were identified from the sellers who catch fishes from the Sitheri Lake. The physico-chemical parameters of water varied according to the seasonal fluctuations in rainfall pattern. In general, wetland management for waterbirds of these two lakes should focus on providing suitable nesting habitats and available food resources for dependant avifauna. Management of invertebrates, amphibians, and fishes in these two lakes is one technique that can be used to provide foraging opportunities for waterbirds. An integrated approach and increased co-operation would result in the rational use of this freshwater resource leading to improved standards of living around this lake.
Reinstating reptiles: from clueless creatures to esteemed models of cognitive biology
Authors: De Meester Gilles , Baeckens Simon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Non-avian reptiles have long been neglect in cognitive science due to their reputation as slow and inflexible learners, but fortunately, this archaic view on reptile cognition is changing rapidly. The last two decades have witnessed a renewed interest in the cognitive capacities of reptiles, and more ecologically relevant protocols have been designed to measure such abilities. Now, we appreciate that reptiles possess an impressive set of cognitive skills, including problem-solving abilities, fast and flexible learning, quantity discrimination, and even social learning. This special issue highlights current research on reptiles in cognitive biology and showcases the diversity of research questions that can be answered by using reptiles as study model. Here, we briefly address (the key results of) the contributing articles and their role in the endeavour for total inclusion of reptiles in cognitive biological research, which is instrumental for our understanding of the evolution of animal cognition. We also discuss and illustrate the promising potential of reptiles as model organisms in various areas of cognitive research.