bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternations of fecal microbes and lung tissue microbes in Lung Cancer patients is more consistent than that of sputum
Authors: Li Yanze , Zhang Hao , Kun Huang , Wang Zhaohui , Huang Kai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicrobiome in the human body environment is related to the occurrence of a variety of disease phenotypes. Recent studies discovered that lung is an open organism with in touch of air and microbe in it, and the presence of some microbes in lung cancer tissues proved that there are many microbes in lungs. In this project, we collected lung tissue, feces and sputum from three Bioprojects of NCBI related to lung cancer (LC). Each project contains LC cases and lung normal (LN) controls. Those three projects contain a total of 339 samples of 16s rRNA sequencing data. By analyzing the composition of microbes in the three environments, and predicting their functions we found that compared with sputum, the ecological environment of fecal microbe is closer to tissue microbes in terms of evolutionary relationship, indicating that the impact of feces on tissue microbes is greater than that of the sputum. We used Picrust2 to predict the differential microbe function of lung cancer (LC) and the control (Lung Normal, LN) groups in the three environments, and found that at the microbe genetic level, compared to feces and sputum, sputum and tissues, feces and tissues have more common Differential genes, at the level of differential enzyme genes and differential pathways, feces and tissues have more common differences compared to feces and sputum, sputum and tissues. Our results showed that the similarity of feces and tissue microbiome is closer than the similarity of sputum and feces microbe. Through Spearman correlation analysis based on the relative abundance of predicted pathways and the relative abundance of genus classified by LDA analysis as marker diseases and healthy samples. The results indicated that the activation of marker genus in sputum and feces and significantly changed pathways has an opposite trend, and there are many pathways contributing to glycolysis are correlated with marker genus. Patients with LC has potential to regulate the microbe composition of feces, tissues and sputum by regulating metabolism.
PIKfyve inhibition reveals a novel role for Inpp4b in the regulation of PtdIns(3)P and lysosome dynamics
Authors: Saffi Golam T. , Mangialardi Emily M. , Vacher Jean , Botelho Roberto J. , Salmena Leonardo 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTLysosome membranes contain diverse phosphoinositide (PtdIns) lipids that co-ordinate lysosome function and dynamics. The PtdIns repertoire on lysosomes is tightly regulated by the action of diverse PtdIns kinases and phosphatases. Specific roles for PtdIns in lysosomal function and dynamics are currently unclear and require further investigation. PIKfyve, a lipid kinase which synthesizes PtdIns(3,5)P2 from PtdIns(3)P, controls lysosome “fusion-fission” cycles dynamics, autophagosome turnover and endocytic cargo delivery. We have recently characterized a role for INPP4B, a PtdIns phosphatase which hydrolyses PtdIns(3,4)P2 to form PtdIns(3)P, in the regulation of lysosomal biogenesis and function. To gain a better understanding of PtdIns homeostasis on lysosomes, we investigated the consequence of disrupting PIKfyve in Inpp4b-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Surprisingly, simultaneous inhibition of Inpp4b and PIKfyve functions impair lysosome “fission” dynamics and thereby exacerbate lysosome enlargement, inhibit autophagic flux. Further examination into the underlying processes that may explain exaggerated lysosome enlargement revealed elevated levels of lysosome associated PtdIns(3)P as contributing factors that control lysosome morphology in cells where Inpp4b and PIKfyve are disrupted. Overall, our study suggests that lysosomal functions are regulated by Inpp4b, through a paradoxical role in suppressing the induction of PtdIns(3)P production.SUMMARY STATEMENTIn this study we identify a novel crosstalk between Inpp4b and PIKfyve. This crosstalk regulates lysosome membrane phosphoinositide composition and lysosomal homeostasis. Our data demonstrate that Inpp4b restricts VPS34-dependent induction of PtdIns(3)P levels, which is activated upon apilimod-mediated PIKfyve inhibition. Through this mechanism, Inpp4b contributes to the regulation of lysosomal membrane dynamics and homeostasis.
Human shape representations are not an emergent property of learning to classify objects
Authors: Malhotra Gaurav , Dujmović Marin , Hummel John , Bowers Jeffrey S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHumans are particularly sensitive to changes in the relationships between parts of objects. It remains unclear why this is. One hypothesis is that relational features are highly diagnostic of object categories and emerge as a result of learning to classify objects. We tested this by analysing the internal representations of supervised convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained to classify large sets of objects. We found that CNNs do not show the same sensitivity to relational changes as previously observed for human participants. Furthermore, when we precisely controlled the deformations to objects, human behaviour was best predicted by the amount of relational changes while CNNs were equally sensitive to all changes. Even changing the statistics of the learning environment by making relations uniquely diagnostic did not make networks more sensitive to relations in general. Our results show that learning to classify objects is not sufficient for the emergence of human shape representations.
Impact of contamination on biology, biochemical, and histology ofEobania vermiculataandMonacha obstructaduring different seasons in Ismailia, Egypt
Authors: Abd El mageed Yassmeen S. M. , Ali Ghobashy Abd El Fattah , Al-Thomali Asma W. , Soliman Maha F. M. , Mohammadein Amaal , El-Shenawy Nahla S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLand snails are found to be an appropriate sentinel organism, and the biomarkers chosen are effective for terrestrial heavy metal biomonitoring. The study aimed to compare the biological, biochemistry, and histology of two land snails in the Ismailia governorate, Egypt during different seasons. Random snails were collected from January 2015 to December 2015 from two sites in the Ismailia Governorate, on wet days during each season’s middle month. Soft tissues were taken from the dissected snails. It was noticed that most of the morphometric parameters measured shell height (ShH), last whorl width (LWW), maximum diameter (MaxD), aperture height (AH), and aperture width (AW) were higher inEobania vermiculata(Sp. 1) than those measured inMonacha obstructa(Sp. 2), except for shell height measurement, which was the same in both species. The growth rate of Sp. 1 and Sp. 2 changed seasonally. In the more polluted areas with heavy metals, lipid peroxidation (LPO) was higher in snails and total protein content than in the snails collected from the less polluted areas for all seasons. However, the snails displayed lower levels of glutathione (GSH) as compared to snails at a less polluted site. GSH and LPO levels, on the other hand, have a negative relationship between them. Histopathological alterations in the digestive gland were more obvious in the general architecture of the digestive gland that had lost its tubular appearance. The excretory cells showed an increase in their excretory granules’ number and size while calcium cells decreased. Also, gonad follicles have lost their normal architecture with the degeneration of some stages of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. In conclusion, There was a strong correlation between GSH levels and total protein content in the same soft tissues. GSH and LPO levels, on the other hand, have a negative relationship. The overall results display the usefulness ofE. vermiculataandM. obstructaland snails as bioindicator organisms and support the application of this ecotoxicological approach for evaluating the biologic impact of toxins.E. vermiculatais more abundant thanM. obstructa. The density, morphometric, biochemical, and histology ofE. vermiculataandM. obstructawere different at different seasons.
Striking Antibody Evasion Manifested by the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Liu Lihong , Iketani Sho , Guo Yicheng , Chan Jasper F-W. , Wang Maple , Liu Liyuan , Luo Yang , Chu Hin , Huang Yiming , Nair Manoj S. , Yu Jian , Chik Kenn K-H. , Yuen Terrence T-T. , Yoon Chaemin , To Kelvin K-W. , Chen Honglin , Yin Michael T. , Sobieszczyk Magdalena E. , Huang Yaoxing , Wang Harris H. , Sheng Zizhang , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Ho David D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) was only recently detected in southern Africa, but its subsequent spread has been extensive, both regionally and globally1. It is expected to become dominant in the coming weeks2, probably due to enhanced transmissibility. A striking feature of this variant is the large number of spike mutations3 that pose a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccines and antibody therapies4. This concern is amplified by the findings from our study. We found B.1.1.529 to be markedly resistant to neutralization by serum not only from convalescent patients, but also from individuals vaccinated with one of the four widely used COVID-19 vaccines. Even serum from persons vaccinated and boosted with mRNA-based vaccines exhibited substantially diminished neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529. By evaluating a panel of monoclonal antibodies to all known epitope clusters on the spike protein, we noted that the activity of 17 of the 19 antibodies tested were either abolished or impaired, including ones currently authorized or approved for use in patients. In addition, we also identified four new spike mutations (S371L, N440K, G446S, and Q493R) that confer greater antibody resistance to B.1.1.529. The Omicron variant presents a serious threat to many existing COVID-19 vaccines and therapies, compelling the development of new interventions that anticipate the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2.
Learning Single-Cell Perturbation Responses using Neural Optimal Transport
Authors: Bunne Charlotte , Stark Stefan G. , Gut Gabriele , del Castillo Jacobo Sarabia , Lehmann Kjong-Van , Pelkmans Lucas , Krause Andreas , Rätsch Gunnar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ability to understand and predict molecular responses towards external perturbations is a core question in molecular biology. Technological advancements in the recent past have enabled the generation of high-resolution single-cell data, making it possible to profile individual cells under different experimentally controlled perturbations. However, cells are typically destroyed during measurement, resulting in unpaired distributions over either perturbed or non-perturbed cells. Leveraging the theory of optimal transport and the recent advents of convex neural architectures, we learn a coupling describing the response of cell populations upon perturbation, enabling us to predict state trajectories on a single-cell level. We apply our approach, CellOT, to predict treatment responses of 21,650 cells subject to four different drug perturbations. CellOT outperforms current state-of-the-art methods both qualitatively and quantitatively, accurately capturing cellular behavior shifts across all different drugs.
Building resilience in retail supply chains: Lessons learned from COVID-19 and future pathways
Authors: Butt Atif Saleem 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study explores the countermeasures taken by retailers to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on supply chain disruptions.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses a multiple case study approach and undertakes 36 semi-structured interviews with senior management of the four largest retailers of the United Arab Emirates. The respondents were designated at different positions such as Vice President, Director and Project Manager.FindingsResults reveal that retailers are employing six countermeasures to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on supply chains. Particularly, retailers are securing required demand, preserving cash flows, redirecting inventory, adding capacity to their distribution centres, becoming more flexible with their direct or third-party logistics provider and finally widening delivery options for their suppliers to mitigate the impact of COVID-19.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has some limitations. First, the results of this study cannot be generalized to a broader population as it attempts to build an initial theory. Second, this study uses a cross-sectional approach to explore the countermeasures employed by retailing firms to mitigate the effects of COVID-19.Originality/valueA notable weakness in a supply chain disruption literature is an unfulfilled need for research examining the strategies employed by retailers to respond to/address the challenges posed by COVID-19. Our study fills this gap.
Changes in the effect of credence cues on restaurant delivery service under different health risks
Authors: Kim Jewoo , Kim Jaewook , Wang Yiqi 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
Due to increased health concerns, restaurant customers rely more on credible cues that indirectly represent health-related credence quality. To comprehensively understand the dynamics between credence cues and restaurant delivery with different infection risks, this study aims to investigate changes in cue utilization during the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
Data on delivery sales, brand and review rating between 2019 and the first half of 2020 were obtained from Meituan. Fixed-effects estimation was used to investigate 579,858 restaurant observations across 338 cities in China.

Findings
Health concerns significantly increased the use of restaurant delivery and the increased delivery sales remained steady even after infection risk was reduced. However, cue utilization in restaurant delivery substantially changed depending on inflection risk. In the pandemic-spreading period, the sales effect of the brand increased while that of review rating decreased. The decreased effect of review rating was recovered in the pandemic-flattening period, whereas the abnormal brand effect continued only when branded restaurants had a high rating.

Research limitations/implications
The findings demonstrate the selective and contextual nature of cue utilization in the restaurant delivery setting. These characteristics are also manifested in a health crisis from a credence cue perspective.

Practical implications
The findings demonstrate the selective and contextual nature of cue utilization in the restaurant delivery setting. These characteristics are also manifested in a health crisis from a credence cue perspective. Further, this study re-conceptualizes credence quality and cues, considering their roles in risk management. The findings help develop risk management strategies based on customers’ usage patterns of credence cues in health crises.

Originality/value
The dynamics between credence cues and restaurant delivery has not been comprehensively investigated, especially when infection risk changes. This study delivers theoretical and practical contributions about how to use credence cues in the restaurant business amid health crises.
The impact of asymmetric perceptions of buyer-supplier governance mechanisms on relational rents
Authors: Vanpoucke Evelyne , Wetzels Martin , Rozemeijer Frank , Pilzak-Blonska Marion 
Published: December 2021

PurposeBuyers and suppliers often perceive relationship governance mechanisms, such as trust and contractual fairness, in different ways. These differences in perception create an extra layer of complexity that is often ignored in the extant literature. This study adds to the understanding of how perceived asymmetries in trust and contractual fairness, two key relationship governance mechanisms, impact relational rents. This study also analyzes how boundary spanners aid managers to deal with these perceived asymmetries.Design/methodology/approachBased on survey data of 103 buyer–supplier dyads from a single global manufacturer of industrial equipment, the authors test hypotheses of perceived asymmetries in trust and contractual fairness, as well as the moderating effect of boundary spanners, on relational rents.FindingsThis research challenges the belief that asymmetries negatively impact or lead to unstable buyer–supplier relationships. Furthermore, it explains how preferential treatment and length of the relationship could reduce the impact of asymmetric perceptions.Practical implicationsThis study stresses that open communication, which considers different viewpoints, helps to overcome the negative differences in attitude and perception. In addition, the authors found that long-term relationships seem to be far more resilient in dealing with asymmetries and that preferential treatments are best applied in (approximately) symmetric relationships in terms of contractual fairness.Originality/valueWhile studies on buyer–supplier relationships often assume symmetric perceptions of governance mechanisms, asymmetric perceptions are far more prominent in reality. This study aims to improve one’s understanding of the impact of these asymmetries as well as how boundary spanners can affect these perceptions.
Visitation and quality of life among older adults in jail
Authors: Prost Stephanie Grace , Novisky Meghan A. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper aims to examine differences in measures of and relationships between visitation and quality of life (QOL) among older and younger jailed adults. The authors also explored the contribution of visitation to QOL among adults in this setting. The authors anticipated fewer visits and lower QOL among older adults. Framed by psychosocial developmental theory, the authors also anticipated a larger effect in the relationship between visitation and QOL among older rather than younger adults and that visitation would contribute most readily to psychological QOL.

Design/methodology/approach
Cross-sectional data from a large US jail were used (n = 264). The authors described the sample regarding visitation and QOL measures among older (≥45) and younger adults (≤44) and examined differences in measures of and relationships between visitation and QOL using independent sample t-tests and bivariate analyses. The authors explored the contribution of visitation to psychological, social relationships, physical and environmental QOL among jailed adults using hierarchical multiple linear regression.

Findings
Older adults had fewer family visits and lower physical QOL than younger adults, disparities were moderate in effect (d range = 0.33–0.35). A significant difference also emerged between groups regarding the visitation and environmental QOL relationship (z = 1.66, p <0.05). Visitation contributed to variation in physical and social relationships QOL among jailed adults (Beta range = 0.19–0.24).

Originality/value
Limited research exists among jailed older adults and scholars have yet to examine the relationship between visitation and QOL among persons in these settings.
Earnings management and issue characteristics: an empirical analysis of IPOs in India
Authors: Mangala Deepa , Dhanda Mamta 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine earnings management around initial public offerings (IPOs) in India. It also explores the influence of issue characteristics on earnings management around the IPOs.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 511 IPOs that came during April 2003-March 2019 is studied for calculating earnings management for pre-issue, issue and post-issue years. Using Cross-Sectional Modified Jones Model, the paper presents earnings management on the basis of three proxies i.e. discretionary accruals, discretionary current accruals and discretionary long-term accruals. The influence of issue characteristics on earnings management practised around the IPOs is also observed through correlation and multiple regression analysis.

Findings
The paper finds that earnings management is abnormally high during the issue year compared with pre-issue and post-issue years. It also unveils that profitability, premium, age, and size of the issuer significantly determine the level of pre-issue and issue year earnings management practised by Indian IPO issuers.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are useful to stakeholders (potential investors, analysts and regulators) to observe, assess and understand the quality of financial numbers that are based on fallacious disclosure of accounting figures. It provides insight into the possibilities of managed earnings around the issue that could influence investors’ decision-making. Further, the study reflects the efficacy of Indian regulatory norms for IPOs.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, it is the only Indian study that had used an extensive data set of about two decades to calculate earnings management during pre-issue, issue and post-issue years. The uniqueness of the study further lies in three proxies of earnings management representing short-term and long-term accruals. Moreover, it is the first study to observe the influence of IPO issue characteristics on earnings management.
Drivers of solar photovoltaic deployment in South African public universities: a Delphi study
Authors: Geh Nutifafa , Emuze Fidelis , Das Dillip Kumar 
Published: December 2021

PurposeSolar photovoltaic energy is the fastest growing renewable energy in South Africa, and deployment at public universities is critical in order to meet the high energy demand on campuses in a more sustainable manner. To promote and support deployment, it is necessary to know the factors that drive adoption of the technology. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the factors which engender deployment of photovoltaic energy in public universities in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThrough an extensive literature review, the factors which drive photovoltaic energy deployment were identified and a three round Delphi survey was conducted for panellists to rate the drivers. The data were analysed using SPSS Version 27, and the mean and inter-quartile range values were used to identify the significant drivers within the public university sector.FindingsThe findings suggested that the deployment of photovoltaic energy is engendered by the direct and indirect benefits, social influences and the relative advantage of photovoltaic energy usage. For instance, universities install photovoltaic energy because of the financial gains that are made through reduction of energy cost. The deployment is also motivated by the reduction of energy-related greenhouse gases, enhancement of university sustainability performance, and the contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals.Originality/valueA significant contribution to the body of knowledge regarding the drivers of photovoltaic energy deployment has been made in the paper from the perspective of a public university. The contribution fills the knowledge gap in South Africa by contributing valuable information to enable decision-makers to gain better understanding of the key issues that call for more attention in promoting and supporting photovoltaic energy deployment in the sector.