bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How did investigations into spontaneous human combustion influence alcohol medicine? An examination of the medical and literary discussions that brought the two together
Authors: Smith Iain , Lock Pam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe presence of sections or chapters on spontaneous human combustion in more than half of the key texts in English on the action of alcohol on the body and mind in the first half of the nineteenth century demonstrates the seriousness with which it was considered. We aimed to chart discussions about the links between spontaneous human combustion and spirit drinking in medical texts and representations in fiction through three key chronological periods from 1804 to 1900.MethodsA contextual analysis using eighteenth‐ and nineteenth‐century historical, literary and medical sources to chart and reflect on public and medical discourses.Findings and ConclusionsThe development of new theories about the action of alcohol on the body and mind appears to have been influenced by the now‐discredited eighteenth‐ and nineteenth‐century idea that the phenomenon of human combustion, spontaneous or not, was linked to spirit drinking. As an extreme example of the consequences of heavy drinking, spontaneous human combustion was used to underpin early theories on the clinical chemistry of alcohol.
I was wrong about theory
Authors: McGranahan Carole 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTheory occupies a central, if curious place in contemporary anthropology. It is needed and valuable, enabling the articulation and use of insights from field research. But it is also feared at times as hard, and also used in exclusionary ways. In this commentary, I review how my understanding of and relationship to theory have changed over time, primarily through an understanding of ethnography as always already theoretical. After considering what theory and ethnography are, as well as the importance of story to theory, I then offer 10 lessons I've learned that shape my theoretical practice.
Novel Membrane Designed Polyether Sulfone Filter Reduces Filtration Membrane Obstruction Rate in Drop‐Type With Adjustable Concentrator Cell‐Free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy (DC‐CART)
Authors: Inui Keita , Yamada Yosuke , Aomura Daiki , Sonoda Kosuke , Harada Makoto , Hashimoto Koji , Kamijo Yuji 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn cell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART), filtration membrane obstruction during the ascites processing step is an important clinical problem. A novel membrane designed polyether sulfone filter (n‐PES) was developed to reduce filter membrane obstruction. However, no clinical studies have compared the performance of n‐PES filters with that of conventional filters. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether n‐PES filters reduce membrane obstruction compared to conventional polyethylene (PE) filters during CART ascites processing.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective, observational, controlled cohort study. We compared ascites processing records from the drop‐type with adjustable concentrator CART (DC‐CART) sessions that used n‐PES filters with those that used conventional PE filters. The primary outcome was the occurrence rate of membrane obstruction. Propensity score matching was used to assemble DC‐CART sessions with comparable baseline ascites characteristics.ResultsAmong the 173 DC‐CART sessions, 31 sessions using n‐PES filters and 31 using PE filters with similar propensity scores were included in the analysis. The rate of filter membrane obstruction was significantly lower in the n‐PES group than in the PE group (p = 0.049). Additionally, the total treatment time was significantly shorter for the n‐PES group (p = 0.006). No sessions experienced issues with the processing procedure.ConclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate that an n‐PES filter reduces the incidence of filter membrane obstruction in clinical CART sessions using human ascites. The n‐PES filter may reduce the burden on the medical staff performing CART.
Moving the logic of sustainability towards flourishing‐for‐all
Authors: Guimarães‐Costa Nuno , Schmidt Géraldine , Schulz Klaus‐Peter , Waddock Sandra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFlourishing‐for‐all as emerged as a concept to respond to the apparent lack of capacity to translate the sustainability discourse into actual practices conducive to more sustainable societies. In this special issue, we assert that flourishing‐for‐all addresses the gap identified in the sustainability discourse that still needs conversion into practice, and that processes for catalyzing this necessary transformation need to be identified and implemented. The eight papers in this special issue address flourishing‐for‐all from different ontological, epistemological, and methodological perspectives, demonstrating a wide interest in the topic, and the shared belief that both academia and practice must go beyond sustainability to embrace flourishing‐for‐all. They bring to the fore three important features of a flourishing‐for‐all approach: First, it allows for a more profound analysis of systemic sustainability‐related problems; secondly, it highlights new relationships among the problem‐related variables; thirdly, it extends the repertory and reach of possible solutions.
Semaglutide protects against diabetes‐associated cardiac inflammation via Sirt3‐dependent RKIP pathway
Authors: Lin Kaibin , Wang Ai , Zhai Changlin , Zhao Yun , Hu Huilin , Huang Dong , Zhai Qiwei , Yan Yan , Ge Junbo 
Published: December 2024

Background and PurposeGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) exert cardiovascular benefits in diabetic patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Semaglutide, a novel long‐acting GLP‐1RA, has shown a reduced risk of cardiovascular events. Based on these results, we investigated the therapeutic potential of semaglutide in diabetic cardiomyopathy and sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Experimental ApproachMice with diabetes induced by high‐fat diet/streptozotocin were treated with semaglutide. The mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of semaglutide were analysed using animal and cell experiments.Key ResultsIn diabetic mice, semaglutide alleviated metabolic disorders, ameliorated myocardial fibrosis, improved cardiac function, antagonized oxidative stress and suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis. More significantly, semaglutide attenuated cardiac inflammation through restoring Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) expression and inhibiting downstream TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1)‐NF‐κB pathway. Meanwhile, decreased RKIP expression and activated TBK1‐NF‐κB signalling pathway were also found in tissues from human diabetic hearts. RKIP deficiency exacerbated cardiac inflammation and offset the cardioprotective effect of semaglutide in diabetic mice. Moreover, semaglutide also restored the expression level of Sirtuin 3(Sirt3), which served as a modulator against cardiac inflammation by regulating RKIP‐dependent pathway. In diabetic mice, RKIP deficiency abolished the cardioprotective benefits conferred by the Sirt3 activator honokiol. We also found that cAMP/PKA signalling, rather than glucose lowering, contributed to the anti‐inflammatory effect of semaglutide through Sirt3‐dependent RKIP pathway.Conclusions and ImplicationsSemaglutide exerted cardioprotective effects against diabetic heart failure by alleviating cardiac inflammation through Sirt3‐dependent RKIP signalling pathway.
Facial pressure beneath a cavesson noseband adjusted to different tightness levels during standing and chewing
Authors: Clayton Hilary M. , Murray Rachel , Williams Jane M. , Walker Vicki , Fisher Mark , Fisher Diane , Nixon Jane , Mackechnie‐Guire Russell 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundNoseband adjustment should avoid discomfort and allow some jaw movement.ObjectivesTo determine pressure beneath a cavesson noseband at five tightness levels during standing and chewing. It was hypothesised that increased noseband tightness is associated with increases in nasal and mandibular pressures while standing and chewing, accompanied by increases in eye temperature and blink rate.Study designExperimental.MethodsEight highly‐trained dressage horses wore a snaffle bridle with their own bit. Pressure mats over the nasal bones and beneath the mandibular rami recorded sub‐noseband pressures (50 Hz) for five tightness levels (2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0 finger‐equivalents from loosest to tightest) measured using a taper gauge during quiet standing and chewing a treat. Eye temperature and blink rate were recorded synchronously. Data were analysed using Friedmans two‐way ANOVA with Wilcoxon post hoc tests and Bonferroni adjustment for repeated measures. Significance level p ≤ 0.01.ResultsDuring standing, total force increased from (mean ± SD) 5.8 ± 4.4 N (nasal) and 12.3 ± 8.2 N (mandibular) at 2.0 finger‐equivalents to 45.1 ± 24.9 N (nasal) and 70.7 ± 25.7 N (mandibular) at 0.0‐finger‐equivalents. Forces and pressures were higher on the mandibles than nasal bones although differences did not always reach statistical significance. Horses willingly ingested and chewed a treat at all noseband tightness levels generating forces ~100 N and pressure >40 kPa without increases in eye temperature or blink rate that would suggest discomfort. Post hoc tests indicated significantly higher pressure for 0.0 finger‐equivalents than 2.0 finger‐equivalents (p < 0.01).Main limitationsSmall sample size. Nosebands always tested from loosest to tightest.ConclusionsMandibular pressure exceeded nasal pressure and values at both sites increased with noseband tightness. Horses accepted high noseband pressures when chewing a treat with a cavesson adjusted from 0.0 to 2.0 finger‐equivalents. Blink rate and eye temperature suggest horses were not distressed when chewing at 2.0 to 0.0 finger‐equivalents tightness.
The impact of environmental protection on urbanization
Authors: Wu Shang‐Fen , Lee Cheng‐Te 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper develops a small open Harris‐Todaro model with intersectoral capital mobility and the negative externality of pollution to analyze the effects of the pollution tax on urbanization and GDP. We demonstrate that an increase in the pollution tax leads to a decrease in the level of urbanization. Furthermore, we show that if the ratio of the production value of manufactured goods to GDP is smaller than the ratio of the production value of agricultural goods to GDP, then a rise in the pollution tax results in an increase in GDP.
Attention To Detail and Cyber Skill: Associated Beyond General Intelligence in Cyber‐Soldier Conscripts
Authors: Albinsson Pär‐Anders , Lif Patrik 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe explore the potential of attention to detail as a component in the selection of conscripts for the cyber track in the Swedish Armed Forces. To measure attention to detail, we adapted the embedded figures test and administered it to conscripts as part of the extended mustering. We report results from a conscript selection with 97 test participants of which 56 continued to become cyber soldiers, finishing their training the following year. Attention to detail showed little correlation with the cognitive‐ability components of the mustering test battery, suggesting that attention to detail is unlikely to be strongly associated with general intelligence for this population. Attention to detail was the only cognitive‐ability component of the mustering test battery that showed a significant predictive relationship with practical post‐training cyber skill (R2 = 0.10). Therefore, we believe that it could be a useful additional component in the selection process.
ITGB4/BNIP3 Activates Autophagy and Reduces MHC‐I Expression to Mediate Tumour Immune Escape in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Zhou Xianfei , Yang Fan , Huang Luoshun , Ling Yisheng , Xing Renwei , Lu Jie , Nie Hanqiu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study attempted to identify the relevant pathways involved in autophagy activation of pancreatic cancer and explore the mechanisms underlying immune evasion. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of ITGB4, BNIP3, autophagy‐related proteins and MHC‐I. Co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) was used to verify the binding mode of ITGB4 and BNIP3. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of MHC‐I on the cell membrane. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe cell autophagy. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the co‐localisation relationship between MHC‐I and autophagosomes in cells. ELISA was used to detect the level of lactate dehydrogenase and granzyme B in a tumour cell‐CD8+ T‐cell co‐culture system. Mouse syngeneic transplant tumour model and orthotopic tumour model were constructed and treated with PD‐1 monoclonal antibody to observe tumour growth. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of ITGB4 and BNIP3 in tumour tissues. WB was used to determine the expression of autophagy‐related proteins. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of MHC‐I on cell membranes and the proportion of CD3+ and CD8+ cells. The results of Co‐IP experiments showed that ITGB4 could bind to BNIP3. It was observed under confocal microscopy that activating ITGB4/BNIP3 could promote the phagocytosis of MHC‐I by autophagosomes. Finally, the subcutaneous tumour transplantation and orthotopic tumour experiments in mice demonstrated the downregulation of ITGB4 significantly improved the therapeutic effect of PD‐1 antibodies on pancreatic cancer. In pancreatic cancer cells, autophagy is positively correlated with the ITGB4‐BNIP3 complex protein expression level. Autophagy diminishes the protein expression of MHC‐I, thereby promoting immune escape in pancreatic cancer cells.
Can Emotionally Intelligent Mental Health Nurse Leaders Influence Workforce Sustainability? A Scoping Review
Authors: Johnson Whitney , Searby Adam , Alexander Louise 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDue to a global shortage of nursing staff, there is renewed attention on the impact of leadership and management styles on the sustainability of the nursing workforce. Emotional intelligence (EI), the ability to manage both your own emotions and to perceive and understand the emotions of others, has been implicated as a nursing management style impacting reduced turnover and greater nurse wellbeing. Despite these promising findings, there is a dearth of research on the role of emotionally intelligent leadership on the retention of mental health nurses. This scoping review aimed to (1) explore whether the findings from EI leadership in general nursing settings can be contextualised to mental health nurse leaders and (2) whether emotional intelligent leadership can influence the retention of mental health nurses. We used Arksey and O'Malley's framework to conduct this scoping review, locating 987 papers in our initial search. After screening, 30 papers remained; most methodologies were quantitative (n = 20), followed by qualitative (n = 8) and mixed methods (n = 2). This review found that while this concept has been studied extensively in the general nursing context, there is a lack of research into EI as a leadership style in mental health nursing. Where EI was the dominant leadership style, turnover intention was lower. However, despite showing promise in other settings, because of distinct differences between nursing contexts and workforce characteristics, it is difficult to state that emotionally intelligent leadership would be effective in mental health settings. There is therefore an urgent need identified to explore leadership styles in mental health settings to determine whether they impact retention and turnover, which will have significant implications for organisations, staff and consumers. We recommend that mental health nurse leaders be provided with EI training and education to ensure that they are equipped to provide the necessary support and leadership to sustain and grow the mental health nursing workforce.
Service Users' Participation in Mental Health Nursing Education: Quasi‐Experimental Design With Blended Learning Model.
Authors: Joung Jaewon , Ahn Suyoun , Shin Soyoung 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNursing students' negative perceptions of and reduced interest in individuals experiencing mental health challenges could lead to problems such as deteriorating quality of mental health nursing and lack of competent, qualified mental health nurses. Promoting changes and developments in mental health nursing education for greater effectiveness is pivotal. This study aimed to develop, introduce and validate a blended learning service user involvement programme for mental health nursing education—the first of its kind in South Korea. This study is reported according to TREND guidelines. The experimental group's scores for attitudes and empathy with individuals experiencing mental health challenges increased significantly after taking the 6‐week service user involvement class. The experimental group achieved higher scores for knowledge of mental health nursing, satisfaction, and confidence in performance than the control group, which attended a traditional‐style class. However, no significant difference was found between groups in changes in attitudes towards and empathy with individuals experiencing mental health challenges. The service user involvement class could improve some students' knowledge of mental health nursing and confidence, but providing the course in a single semester is not sufficient to improve students' attitudes towards and empathy with individuals experiencing mental health challenges. Therefore, an appropriate approach to more systematic long‐term planning should be developed, and public perception should be improved. Additionally, long‐term studies should evaluate the sustainability and progression of changes in attitudes and empathy over time. We recommend developing mental health nursing education programmes with diverse designs and structures.
Phase relations in the Bi2O3–Mn2O3–M2O3 (MFe, Al, and Ga) pseudoternary systems
Authors: Škapin Srečo D. , Golobič Amalija , Spreitzer Matjaž , Suvorov Danilo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study establishes the subsolidus phase relations in the Bi₂O₃–Mn₂O₃–M₂O₃ (M = Fe, Al, and Ga) systems at 770°C in an oxidizing air environment, with a specific focus on identifying of phase stability and extension of solid solubility of new solid solutions. The pseudoternary nature of these systems is influenced by the presence of both Mn3⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ oxidation states in mullite Bi2Mn4O10‐based phases and Mn4+ in sillenite Bi12MnO20‐based phases. Our findings reveal that the addition of M₂O₃ (where M = Fe, Al, and Ga) in small amounts (up to 1.5 mol%) to Bi₂O₃ promotes the formation of the γ‐Bi₂O₃ phase. However, with increased M₂O₃ addition (up to 7 mol%), isomorphous sillenite compounds Bi₂₅MO₃₉ are formed. These findings clearly show differences between the two phases, γ‐Bi2O3 and sillenite Bi₂₅MO₃₉ which have been largely incorrectly defined in the past. In contrast, in the binary system Bi2O3–Mn2O3 the γ‐Bi2O3 was not identified. The sillenite compounds Bi12MnO20 and Bi25MO39 exhibit solid solubility in all three systems M = Fe, Al, and Ga over the entire composition range. Additionally, the perovskite phase BiFeO₃ exhibits an extended solid solubility, incorporating up to 32 at% of Mn as a substitution for Fe however the perovskite‐type BiGaO3 and BiAlO3 were not confirmed in the investigated systems. In the investigated systems, the mullite‐type Bi2Mn4O10 and Bi2M4O9 (M = Fe, Al, and Ga) form solid solutions with various compositional extensions, which depends on the difference of ionic size of M atoms (Fe, Al, and Ga) in comparison of Mn size. Based on experimental results, the three phase diagrams of the Bi₂O₃–Mn₂O₃–M₂O₃ (M = Fe, Al, and Ga) systems were constructed.
Fabrication and mechanical properties of 2D Cf/SiC composites by joint process of vacuum bag molding, PIP, and RMI
Authors: Zhang Tong , Chen Jianjun , Chen Hao , Ahmad Zahoor , Zhu Hongliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe structural integrity of continuous carbon fiber‐reinforced silicon carbide (Cf/SiC) composites is often compromised by carbon fiber damage during high‐temperature sintering, nonuniform fiber distribution, and the brittleness of the ceramic matrix, which limits their broader application. This study reported an innovative approach of vacuum bagging combined with thermal press curing, followed by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) and reaction melt infiltration (RMI), densification to fabricate a Cf/SiC composite with remarkable properties. The pyrolytic carbon (PyC)/boron nitride (BN) double interface layers were deposited to the Cf via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Results revealed that vacuum bagging combined with thermal press curing effectively eliminated bond‐line defects, while the PyC/BN interface layer further improved the toughening of Cf. The combination of vacuum bagging and thermal press curing showed optimal strength of 330 ± 30 MPa and 7.4 ± 0.5 MPa m1/2, representing increases of 50% and 47%, respectively. The failure mechanisms responsible for the mechanical behavior are gained through macro and microanalysis. This work provides a high‐performance, economical, and convenient process for enhancing the mechanical performance of Cf/SiC composites, providing valuable insights for the development of ceramic matrix composites.
Dielectric behavior of point defects on ferroelectric films for different substrate strains by phase–field simulations
Authors: Song Yu , Wang Jing , Huang Houbing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRelaxor films constructed by doping point defects are widely applied in various fields, including nanoelectromechanical systems, capacitive energy storage, and pyroelectric energy conversion. Despite their broad utility, the underlying mechanisms by which point defects affect the dielectric properties of these films under varying substrate strains remain insufficiently understood. This work employs a phase–field model to explore the influence of point defects on the domain structure and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films, with a comparative analysis of their respective responses to different substrate strains. Our results reveal that the domain sizes in both BaTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films decrease with doping, leading to a transition into a relaxor state. Notably, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 exhibits a dielectric peak at a lower doping concentration and a more pronounced reduction in dielectric constant, which can be attributed to its smaller domain size and greater susceptibility to phase transitions. As substrate strain increases from −4% to 4%, the dielectric constant initially rises, peaking at zero strain. Moreover, compared with Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, the BaTiO3 relaxor films display a higher dielectric constant, due to a larger proportion of noninitial phases and a more uniform phase structure. These findings provide valuable theoretical insights into the manipulation of substrate strain as a strategy to tailor the dielectric properties of relaxor films.