bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milankovitch cycles for a circumstellar Earth-analog within α Centauri-like binaries
Authors: Quarles B , Li G , Lissauer J J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An Earth-analog orbiting within the habitable zone of α Centauri B was shown to undergo large variations in its obliquity, or axial tilt, which affects the planetary climate by altering the radiative flux for a given latitude. We examine the potential implications of these obliquity variations for climate through Milankovitch cycles using an energy balance model with ice growth and retreat. Similar to previous studies, the largest amplitude obliquity variations from spin-orbit resonances induce snowball states within the habitable zone, while moderate variations can allow for persistent ice caps or an ice belt. Particular outcomes for the global ice distribution can depend on the planetary orbit, obliquity, spin precession, binary orbit, and which star the Earth-analog orbits. An Earth-analog with an inclined orbit relative to the binary orbital plane can periodically transition through several global ice distribution states and risk runaway glaciation when ice appears at both poles and the equator. When determining the potential habitability for planets in general stellar binaries, more care must be taken due to the orbital and spin dynamics. For Earth-analogs within the habitable zone of α Centauri B can experience a much greater range of climate states, which is in contrast to Earth-analogs in the habitable zone of α Centauri A.
A super-resolution analysis of the DSHARP survey: Substructure is common in the inner 30 au
Authors: Jennings Jeff , Booth Richard A , Tazzari Marco , Clarke Cathie J , Rosotti Giovanni P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The DSHARP survey evidenced the ubiquity of substructure in the mm dust distribution of large, bright protoplanetary discs. Intriguingly, these datasets have yet higher resolution information that is not recovered in a CLEAN image. We first show that the intrinsic performance of the CLEAN algorithm is resolution-limited. Then analyzing all 20 DSHARP sources using the 1D, super-resolution code Frankenstein (frank), we accurately fit the 1D visibilities to a mean factor of 4.3 longer baseline than the Fourier transform of the CLEAN images and a factor of 3.0 longer baseline than the transform of the CLEAN component models. This yields a higher resolution brightness profile for each source, identifying new substructure interior to 30 au in multiple discs; resolving known gaps to be deeper, wider, and more structured; and known rings to be narrower and brighter. Across the survey, high contrast gaps are an average $14{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ wider and $44{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ deeper in the frank profiles relative to CLEAN, and high contrast rings are an average $26{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ narrower. Categorizing the frank brightness profiles into trends, we find that the relative scarcity of features interior to 30 au in the survey’s CLEAN images is an artefact of resolving power, rather than an intrinsic rarity of inner disc (or compact disc) substructure. Finally the rings in the frank profiles are narrower than the previously inferred deconvolved widths, indicating smaller α/St ratios in the local gas disc.
Revisiting a detached stellar structure in the outer north-eastern region of the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Piatti Andrés E 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The outer north-eastern region of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is populated by a shell-like overdensity whose nature was recently investigated. We analysed 20 catalogued star clusters projected on to it from Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History data sets. After carrying out a cleaning of field stars in the star cluster colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs), and deriving their astrophysical properties from a comparison between the observed and synthetic CMDs, we found that four objects are not genuine star clusters, while the remaining ones are young star clusters (11, age ∼30–200 Myr) and intermediate-age (5, age ∼1.7–2.8 Gyr) star clusters, respectively. The resulting distances show that intermediate-age and some young star clusters belong to the SMC main body, while the remaining young star clusters are nearly 13.0 kpc away from those in the SMC, revealing that the shell-like overdensity is more extended along the line of sight than previously thought. We also found a clear age trend and a blurred metallicity correlation along the line of sight of young clusters, in the sense that the farther a star cluster is from the SMC, the younger, the more metal-rich, and the less massive it is. These young clusters are also affected by a slightly larger interstellar reddening than the older ones in the shell-like overdensity. These outcomes suggest that the shell-like overdensity can possibly be another tidally perturbed/formed SMC stellar structure from gas stripped off its body, caused by the interaction with the Large Magellanic Cloud or the Milky Way.
Predicted trends in Milky Way bulge proper motion rotation curves: future prospects for HST and LSST
Authors: Gough-Kelly Steven , Debattista Victor P , Clarkson William I , Gonzalez Oscar A , Anderson Stuart R , Gennaro Mario , Calamida Annalisa , Sahu Kailash C 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We use an N-body+smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation of an isolated barred galaxy to study the age dependence of bulge longitudinal proper motion (μl) rotation curves. We show that close to the minor axis (|l| ∼ 0○) the relatively young stars rotate more rapidly than the old stars, as found by Hubble Space Telescope in the Milky Way’s (MW's) bulge. This behaviour would be expected also if the MW were unbarred. At larger |l| a different behaviour emerges. Because younger stars trace a strong bar, their galactocentric radial motions dominate their μl at |l| ∼ 6○, leading to a reversal in the sign of $\langle {\rm{\mu _l}}\rangle $. This results in a rotation curve with forbidden velocities (negative $\langle {\rm{\mu _l}}\rangle $ at positive longitudes, and positive $\langle {\rm{\mu _l}}\rangle $ at negative longitudes). The old stars, instead, trace a much weaker bar and thus their kinematics are more axisymmetric, resulting in no forbidden velocities. We develop metrics of the difference in the $\langle {\rm{\mu _l}}\rangle $ rotation curves of young and old stars, and forbidden velocities. We use these to predict the locations where rotation curve reversals can be observed by HST and the Vera Rubin Telescope. Such measurements would represent support for the amplitude of the bar being a continuous function of age, as predicted by kinematic fractionation, in which the bar strength variations are produced purely by differences in the random motions of stellar populations at bar formation.
AMDB: a database of animal gut microbial communities with manually curated metadata
Authors: Yang Junwon , Park Jonghyun , Jung Yeonjae , Chun Jongsik 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Variations in gut microbiota can be explained by animal host characteristics, including host phylogeny and diet. However, there are currently no databases that allow for easy exploration of the relationship between gut microbiota and diverse animal hosts. The Animal Microbiome Database (AMDB) is the first database to provide taxonomic profiles of the gut microbiota in various animal species. AMDB contains 2530 amplicon data from 34 projects with manually curated metadata. The total data represent 467 animal species and contain 10 478 bacterial taxa. This novel database provides information regarding gut microbiota structures and the distribution of gut bacteria in animals, with an easy-to-use interface. Interactive visualizations are also available, enabling effective investigation of the relationship between the gut microbiota and animal hosts. AMDB will contribute to a better understanding of the gut microbiota of animals. AMDB is publicly available without login requirements at http://leb.snu.ac.kr/amdb.
Residues at the interface between zinc binding and winged helix domains of human RECQ1 play a significant role in DNA strand annealing activity
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Swagata , Das Tulika , Bose Madhuparna , Jain Chetan Kumar , Chakraborty Mayukh , Mukherjee Sunandan , Shikha Kumari , Das Amit K , Ganguly Agneyo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
RECQ1 is the shortest among the five human RecQ helicases comprising of two RecA like domains, a zinc-binding domain and a RecQ C-terminal domain containing the winged-helix (WH). Mutations or deletions on the tip of a β-hairpin located in the WH domain are known to abolish the unwinding activity. Interestingly, the same mutations on the β-hairpin of annealing incompetent RECQ1 mutant (RECQ1T1) have been reported to restore its annealing activity. In an attempt to unravel the strand annealing mechanism, we have crystallized a fragment of RECQ1 encompassing D2–Zn–WH domains harbouring mutations on the β-hairpin. From our crystal structure data and interface analysis, we have demonstrated that an α-helix located in zinc-binding domain potentially interacts with residues of WH domain, which plays a significant role in strand annealing activity. We have shown that deletion of the α-helix or mutation of specific residues on it restores strand annealing activity of annealing deficient constructs of RECQ1. Our results also demonstrate that mutations on the α-helix induce conformational changes and affects DNA stimulated ATP hydrolysis and unwinding activity of RECQ1. Our study, for the first time, provides insight into the conformational requirements of the WH domain for efficient strand annealing by human RECQ1.
Can the epigenome contribute to risk stratification for cancer onset?
Authors: Lelièvre Sophie A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The increasing burden of cancer requires identifying and protecting individuals at highest risk. The epigenome provides an indispensable complement to genetic alterations for a risk stratification approach for the following reasons: gene transcription necessary for cancer onset is directed by epigenetic modifications and many risk factors studied so far have been associated with alterations related to the epigenome. The risk level depends on the plasticity of the epigenome during phases of life particularly sensitive to environmental and dietary impacts. Modifications in the activity of DNA regulatory regions and altered chromatin compaction may accumulate, hence leading to the increase of cancer risk. Moreover, tissue architecture directs the unique organization of the epigenome for each tissue and cell type, which allows the epigenome to control cancer risk in specific organs. Investigations of epigenetic signatures of risk should help identify a continuum of alterations leading to a threshold beyond which the epigenome cannot maintain homeostasis. We propose that this threshold may be similar in the population for a given tissue, but the pace to reach this threshold will depend on the combination of germline inheritance and the risk and protective factors encountered, particularly during windows of epigenetic susceptibility, by individuals.
Metasediment-derived Melts in Subduction-zone Magmas and their Influence on Crustal Evolution
Authors: Spencer Christopher J , Yakymchuk Chris , Kirkland Christopher L , Keller C Brenhin , Moyen Jean-François , Johnson Tim E , Liebmann Janne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSubduction is a major process cycling material through Earth’s geochemical reservoirs. Although trends in chemical composition of arc magmas imply assimilation of metasediment, the degree of such assimilation and the loci of that metasediment contamination (whether via subducted sediment or country rock assimilation) are poorly understood. To address these issues, we explore compositional data of oceanic and continental arc systems from circum-Pacific subduction zones. We find that high-silica continental arc rocks of the circum-Pacific are associated with higher aluminium saturation indices interpreted to reflect higher degrees of metasediment assimilation, with Sr/Y suggestive of shallow emplacement levels within the crust. In contrast, high-silica oceanic rocks of the circum-Pacific display lower aluminosity and equilibrated at deeper levels within the crust. Continental arc basalts are often assumed to be the source of high-silica continental arc rocks. However, phase equilibrium modelling of partial melting and crystal fractionation of continental arc basalts yield results that question this assumption. Furthermore, continental arc rock compositions show that the assimilated metasediments have protoliths that are most probably felsic greywacke and pelite rather than mafic greywacke. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that high-silica rocks in continental arcs are directly influenced by anatexis of metasediment at shallow crustal levels (&lt;20 km). Based upon a new method of discriminating the contribution of metasediment-derived melt, approximately one-third of felsic rocks in continental arcs have a demonstrable and unambiguous metasedimentary component. The degree of metasedimentary reworking in continental arc magmas plays an important role in the evolution of the continental crust and highlights the importance of using sediment-sensitive geochemical proxies and a magma’s petrological history when deconvolving the histories of magmatic arcs. This study also underlines the caveats associated with the calculation of depleted mantle model ages, where traditional techniques may lead to discrepancies of the order of 0·5 billion years.
Assessment of the availability of snakebite antivenom in health facilities in Ndola District, Zambia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Matafwali Scott K , Vlahakis Pipina A , Daka Victor , Witika Bwalya A , Nyirenda Herbert T , Chisompola Namaunga K , Mwila Chiluba 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Despite snakebite antivenom being included on the WHO list of essential medicines, many parts of the world, especially Africa, lack effective and safe antivenoms.

Methods
A descriptive, field-based, cross-sectional study was undertaken from August to November 2020 in 40 out of 71 health facilities in Ndola district. Interviews and physical inspection were conducted at each facility.

Results
The study revealed that only three (8%) of all the private health facilities had antivenom available at the time of the assessment. Factors significantly associated with antivenom supply included lack of central country supply (90%), lack of demand of the antivenom (55%) and no budget allocation for the antivenom (95%).

Conclusions
Despite the high number of notified snakebites within Ndola district, there remains poor availability of snakebite antivenom within the district.
Frailty Index for Prediction of Surgical Outcome in Ovarian Cancer: Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: Inci Melisa Guelhan , Anders Louise , Woopen Hannah , Richter Rolf , Guzel Duygu , Armbrust Robert , Sehouli Jalid 
Published: November 2021

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2021;161:396–401)
Surgical complete tumor resection is the strongest prognostic factor for patients with ovarian cancer; however, frailty is common among this population, which raises concerns for surgical outcomes and recovery. Alternative therapies such as neoadjuvant therapy are available, and identification of the frail patient can assist with identification of the appropriate treatment.
Fetal Heart Rate Nadir During Bradycardia and Umbilical Artery Acidemia at Birth
Authors: Lepercq Jacques , Nghiem My-Anh , Goffinet François 
Published: November 2021

(Abstracted from Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021;100:964–970)
Although rare, fetal bradycardia caused by cord prolapse, placental abruption, or uterine rupture is associated with sudden and prolonged deceleration of the fetal heart rate. When this occurs, there is an association between the bradycardia-to-delivery interval and umbilical artery pH at birth.
When Does Fetal Head Rotation Occur in Spontaneous Labor at Term: Results of an Ultrasound-Based Longitudinal Study in Nulliparous Women
Authors: Hjartardóttir Hulda , Lund Sigrún H. , Benediktsdóttir Sigurlaug , Geirsson Reynir T. , Eggebø Torbjørn M. 
Published: November 2021

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021;224:514.e1–514.e9)
The position of the fetal head is an important factor to consider during labor. Occiput posterior (OP) and transverse positions are associated with poor delivery outcomes for the mother and infant.
Outcome of Fetuses With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Normal Ultrasound at Diagnosis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Buca D. , Di Mascio D. , Rizzo G. , Giancotti A. , D'Amico A. , Leombroni M. , Makatsarya A. , Familiari A. , Liberati M. , Nappi L. , Flacco M. E. , Manzoli L. , Salomon L. J. , Scambia G. , D'Antonio F. 
Published: November 2021

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021;57:551–559)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital viral infection that occurs during pregnancy. Prenatal imaging can detect some congenital anomalies associated with CMV, and the presence of a structural anomaly on ultrasound in pregnancies with CMV is associated with a high risk of symptomatic infection and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Hospital Quality Improvement Interventions, Statewide Policy Initiatives, and Rates of Cesarean Delivery for Nulliparous, Term, Singleton, Vertex Births in California
Authors: Rosenstein Melissa G. , Chang Shen-Chih , Sakowski Christa , Markow Cathie , Teleki Stephanie , Lang Lance , Logan Julia , Cape Valerie , Main Elliott K. 
Published: November 2021

(Abstracted from JAMA 2021;325(16):1631–1639)
The purpose of this observational study was to report on the impact of a statewide strategy to decrease the rates of cesarean delivery for nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex (NTSV) births in California. The researchers looked at 7,574,889 NTSV births in the United States between 2014 and 2019 and compared the cesarean delivery rate to 914,283 births in California over the same time period.
Determination of the Length of Pancreatic Ductotomy by Pancreaticoscopy During Frey’s Procedure for Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Julianov Alexander E. , Saroglu Azize S. 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To study the impact of pancreaticoscopy during Frey’s procedure for treating chronic pancreatitis (CP).

Background:
Excision of the central part of the head of the pancreas along with longitudinal pancreaticotomy (Frey’s procedure) is widely performed for the treatment of CP. However, there is no reliable method to determine the necessary length of longitudinal pancreaticotomy during surgery for CP.

Methods:
Thirty-five consecutive patients with CP were scheduled for Frey’s procedure with intraoperative pancreaticoscopy. The length of the longitudinal pancreaticotomy was tailored by pancreaticoscopy in the following manner: (1) it did not extend beyond the neck in case of a uniformly dilated main duct with patent branch duct confluences and a clear lumen; (2) in case of an obstructed main duct or branch duct confluence of any cause, the main duct was opened to include the most distal obstruction.

Results:
All patients underwent Frey’s procedure and intraoperative pancreaticoscopy. Based on the pancreaticoscopy findings, pancreaticotomy over the body of the gland was not necessary in 34% of the patients. A short (4–6 cm) ductotomy extension over the pancreatic body was required in 14% of the patients. Full-length pancreaticotomy was required in 52% of the patients. The median operative time was 145 minutes, and the median blood loss was 70 mL. Four patients (11.4%) experienced postoperative complications. There were no 90-day postoperative mortality or hospital readmission rates. At the median follow-up of 19 months, 31 patients (88.5%) had no pain attacks requiring medication.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative pancreaticoscopy helps to determine the length of longitudinal pancreaticotomy and reduce pancreatic trauma during Frey’s procedure for treating CP.
MANAGEMENT OF AUTOLOGUS RETINAL TRANSPLANT COMPLICATIONS: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Shields Ryan A. , Mahmoud Tamer H. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To present representative cases of the most common complications associated with an autologous retinal transplant (ART) for macular hole repair.

Methods:
A retrospective, consecutive case series on patients who underwent an ART by a single provider (Tamer H. Mahmoud).

Results:
Four cases were included in this review. Each suffered an ART-specific complication, including graft displacement and dislocation, sub-ART perfluoron, and a delayed proliferative vitreoretinopathy–associated retinal detachment.

Conclusion:
Because more surgeons use ART to treat atypical macular holes, an adequate understanding of surgery-specific complications and techniques to treat those complications is increasingly necessary.
Advancements in intraocular lens power calculation formulas
Authors: Chung Jinkwon , Bu Jennifer J. , Afshari Natalie A. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
We review recent studies comparing intraocular lens (IOL) formulas with an emphasis on selection of the highest performing formulas based on patient axial length, age, and history of previous corneal refractive surgery.

Recent findings
The Barrett Universal II formula based on a theoretical model has consistently demonstrated high accuracy. The Olsen four-factor formula using ray tracing optics and the Hill-RBF calculator using artificial intelligence have also demonstrated good prediction results after being updated. Notably, the Kane formula, incorporating artificial intelligence, has overall shown the best performance for all axial lengths. Although newly developed and updated IOL formulas have improved refractive prediction in patients with short or long axial length eyes or prior history of corneal refractive surgery, these challenging cases still require special consideration. The Barrett True-K formula has shown accurate results regardless of preoperative data in eyes with previous myopic refractive surgery.

Summary
Advancements in optical biometry and IOL calculation formulas continue to improve refractive outcomes. The clinician can optimize refractive outcomes in the majority of patients with the use of formulas that have shown consistent results and accuracy in several large studies.
COVID-19 vaccination in adults living with HIV
Authors: Blackwell Christopher W. , Castillo Humberto López 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended use of vaccines manufactured by Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson/Janssen to prevent COVID-19 infection in the United States. Although these vaccines are safe and have been administered to millions of persons nationwide, special populations warrant closer focus. Adults living with HIV may have specific clinical considerations that should be acknowledged when making COVID-19 vaccination prescribing decisions. This article discusses these practice considerations and provides clinical and additional guidance for nurse practitioners and other clinicians responsible for prescribing COVID-19 vaccines in adults living with HIV.