bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defence Spending and Sovereign Debt in Greece: A Long-Term Historical Perspective
Authors: Kollias Christos , Paleologou Suzanna-Maria , Zouboulakis Michel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper sets out to examine the military spending-public debt nexus in the case of Greece. Unlike previous studies that exclusively focus their analyses in the post-WWII period, the empirical investigation conducted herein covers almost the entire two hundred years of the modern Greek state. The estimations using an ARDL framework cover the period 1848–2018 as well as sub-periods therein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to approach this issue in the case of Greece with such a long-term perspective. In broad terms, the findings do not unearth a statistically traceable effect of defence expenditures on public debt accumulation. The results indicate that this was very much driven by debt dynamics and the need to draw funds to service existing loans. This finding is consistent across both the entire period under scrutiny here as well as the various sub-periods.
More on the articulation of devoiced [u] in Tokyo Japanese: effects of surrounding consonants
Authors: Shaw Jason A. , Kawahara Shigeto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPast work investigating the lingual articulation of devoiced vowels in Tokyo Japanese has revealed optional but categorical deletion. Some devoiced vowels retained a full lingual target, just like their voiced counterparts, whereas others showed trajectories that are best modelled as targetless, i.e., linear interpolation between the surrounding vowels. The current study explored the hypothesis that this probabilistic deletion is modulated by the identity of the surrounding consonants. A new EMA experiment with an extended stimulus set replicates the core finding of Shaw, Jason & Shigeto Kawahara. 2018b. The lingual gesture of devoiced [u] in Japanese.Journal of Phonetics66. 100–119. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2017.09.007that Japanese devoiced [u] sometimes lacks a tongue body raising gesture. The current results moreover show that surrounding consonants do indeed affect the probability of tongue dorsum targetlessness. We found that deletion of devoiced vowels is affected by the place of articulation of the preceding consonant; deletion is more likely following a coronal fricative than a labial fricative. Additionally, we found that the manner combination of the flanking consonants, fricative–fricative versus fricative–stop, also has an effect, at least for some speakers; however, unlike the effect of C1 place, the direction of the manner combination effect varies across speakers with some deleting more often in fricative–stop environments and others more often in fricative–fricative environments.
Quantum computing simulation of the hydrogen molecular ground-state energies with limited resources
Authors: Abu-Nada Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this article, the hydrogen molecular ground-state energies using our algorithm based on quantum variational principle are calculated. They are calculated through a simulator since the system of the present study (i.e., the hydrogen molecule) is relatively small and hence the ground-state energies for this molecule are efficiently classically simulable using a simulator. Complete details of this algorithm are elucidated. For this, a full description on the fermions–qubits and the molecular Hamiltonian–qubit Hamiltonian transformations, is given. The authors search for qubit system parameters (

θ

0

{\theta }_{0}

and

θ

1

{\theta }_{1}

) that yield the minimum energies for the system and also study the ground state energies as a function of the molecular bond length. Proposed circuit is humble and does not include many parameters compared with that of Kandala et al., the authors control only two parameters (

θ

0

{\theta }_{0}

and

θ

1

{\theta }_{1}

).
Trade Intensity, Fiscal Integration and Income Inequality in ECOWAS
Authors: Dout Hamitande , Kebalo Léleng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the income inequality effect of economic integration in ECOWAS by decomposing economic integration into two dimensions: trade and fiscal integration approximated respectively by trade intensity and fiscal convergence. For robustness purposes, we use different metrics for each dimension. We also consider the introduction in the region of the growth and convergence pact in the analysis of fiscal integration effect on income inequality. The analysis covers the period 1990–2018. For the empirical evidence, the generalized method of moment is used. The results obtained are robust and reveal that improving regional economic integration has a reducing effect on income inequality. Taken individually, trade integration and fiscal integration contribute to reducing income inequality. However, taken together, the reducing effect of economic integration on income inequality is more pronounced. Besides, the results indicate that fiscal integration has more contributed to the reduction of income inequality since the introduction of the first fiscal convergence pact in the region in 2000 than before. For reducing income inequality, our analysis recommends to ECOWAS countries to take steps to remove barriers to regional trade on the one hand, and on the other hand, to converge together on the fiscal front.
Advanced fluid models for resonant online oil condition monitoring systems
Authors: Voglhuber-Brunnmaier Thomas , Niedermayer Alexander O. , Jakoby Bernhard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Two main topics are presented in this work which enable more efficient use of oil condition monitoring systems based on resonant fluid sensing. A new fluid model for a recently introduced compact measurement unit for oil condition monitoring based on simultaneous measurement of viscosity and density is discussed. It is shown that a new fluid model allows achieving higher accuracies, which is demonstrated by comparison to earlier models. The second topic deals with measuring fluid parameters over varying temperatures and thus providing additional monitoring parameters and enhanced data consistency. We propose an alternative representation of the Vogel model using transformed parameters having a clear physical meaning and which are more stable in presence of measurement noise.
Amine-based synthesis of Fe3C nanomaterials: mechanism and impact of synthetic conditions
Authors: Harris Daniel P. , Wan Cheng , She Yuqi , Beck Brittney R. , Forbes Daniel S. , Leonard Brian M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Iron-based catalysts are a preferred variant of metal catalysts due to the high abundance of iron on earth. Iron carbide has been investigated in recent times as an electrochemical catalyst due to its potential as a great ORR catalyst. Using a unique amine-metal complex anion composite (AMAC) method, iron carbide/nitride nanoparticles (Fe3C and Fe3−x
N) were synthesized through varying several reaction parameters. While the synthesis is generally quite robust and can easily afford phase pure Fe3C, it now has been shown that the particle size, morphology, excess carbon, and amount of nitrogen in the resulting nanomaterials can readily be tuned. In addition, it was discovered that Fe2N can be synthesized as an intermediate by stopping the reaction at a lower heating temperature. These nanomaterials were tested for their electrochemical activity in oxygen evolution reactions (OER).
Voxelwise Encoding Models Show That Cerebellar Language Representations Are Highly Conceptual
Authors: LeBel Amanda , Jain Shailee , Huth Alexander G. 
Published: November 2021

There is a growing body of research demonstrating that the cerebellum is involved in language understanding. Early theories assumed that the cerebellum is involved in low-level language processing. However, those theories are at odds with recent work demonstrating cerebellar activation during cognitive tasks. Using natural language stimuli and an encoding model framework, we performed an fMRI experiment on 3 men and 2 women, where subjects passively listened to 5 h of natural language stimuli, which allowed us to analyze language processing in the cerebellum with higher precision than previous work. We used these data to fit voxelwise encoding models with five different feature spaces that span the hierarchy of language processing from acoustic input to high-level conceptual processing. Examining the prediction performance of these models on separate BOLD data shows that cerebellar responses to language are almost entirely explained by high-level conceptual language features rather than low-level acoustic or phonemic features. Additionally, we found that the cerebellum has a higher proportion of voxels that represent social semantic categories, which include “social” and “people” words, and lower representations of all other semantic categories, including “mental,” “concrete,” and “place” words, than cortex. This suggests that the cerebellum is representing language at a conceptual level with a preference for social information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent work has demonstrated that, beyond its typical role in motor planning, the cerebellum is implicated in a wide variety of tasks, including language. However, little is known about the language representations in the cerebellum, or how those representations compare to cortex. Using voxelwise encoding models and natural language fMRI data, we demonstrate here that language representations are significantly different in the cerebellum compared with cortex. Cerebellum language representations are almost entirely semantic, and the cerebellum contains overrepresentation of social semantic information compared with cortex. These results suggest that the cerebellum is not involved in language processing per se, but cognitive processing more generally.
Single-Unit Recordings Reveal the Selectivity of a Human Face Area
Authors: Decramer Thomas , Premereur Elsie , Zhu Qi , Van Paesschen Wim , van Loon Johannes , Vanduffel Wim , Taubert Jessica , Janssen Peter , Theys Tom 
Published: November 2021

The exquisite capacity of primates to detect and recognize faces is crucial for social interactions. Although disentangling the neural basis of human face recognition remains a key goal in neuroscience, direct evidence at the single-neuron level is limited. We recorded from face-selective neurons in human visual cortex in a region characterized by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activations for faces compared with objects. The majority of visually responsive neurons in this fMRI activation showed strong selectivity at short latencies for faces compared with objects. Feature-scrambled faces and face-like objects could also drive these neurons, suggesting that this region is not tightly tuned to the visual attributes that typically define whole human faces. These single-cell recordings within the human face processing system provide vital experimental evidence linking previous imaging studies in humans and invasive studies in animal models.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe present the first recordings of face-selective neurons in or near an fMRI-defined patch in human visual cortex. Our unbiased multielectrode array recordings (i.e., no selection of neurons based on a search strategy) confirmed the validity of the BOLD contrast (faces–objects) in humans, a finding with implications for all human imaging studies. By presenting faces, feature-scrambled faces, and face-pareidolia (perceiving faces in inanimate objects) stimuli, we demonstrate that neurons at this level of the visual hierarchy are broadly tuned to the features of a face, independent of spatial configuration and low-level visual attributes.
Neural Markers of Speech Comprehension: Measuring EEG Tracking of Linguistic Speech Representations, Controlling the Speech Acoustics
Authors: Gillis Marlies , Vanthornhout Jonas , Simon Jonathan Z. , Francart Tom , Brodbeck Christian 
Published: November 2021

When listening to speech, our brain responses time lock to acoustic events in the stimulus. Recent studies have also reported that cortical responses track linguistic representations of speech. However, tracking of these representations is often described without controlling for acoustic properties. Therefore, the response to these linguistic representations might reflect unaccounted acoustic processing rather than language processing. Here, we evaluated the potential of several recently proposed linguistic representations as neural markers of speech comprehension. To do so, we investigated EEG responses to audiobook speech of 29 participants (22 females). We examined whether these representations contribute unique information over and beyond acoustic neural tracking and each other. Indeed, not all of these linguistic representations were significantly tracked after controlling for acoustic properties. However, phoneme surprisal, cohort entropy, word surprisal, and word frequency were all significantly tracked over and beyond acoustic properties. We also tested the generality of the associated responses by training on one story and testing on another. In general, the linguistic representations are tracked similarly across different stories spoken by different readers. These results suggests that these representations characterize the processing of the linguistic content of speech.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFor clinical applications, it would be desirable to develop a neural marker of speech comprehension derived from neural responses to continuous speech. Such a measure would allow for behavior-free evaluation of speech understanding; this would open doors toward better quantification of speech understanding in populations from whom obtaining behavioral measures may be difficult, such as young children or people with cognitive impairments, to allow better targeted interventions and better fitting of hearing devices.
Timescales of Local and Cross-Area Interactions during Neuroprosthetic Learning
Authors: Derosier Katherine , Veuthey Tess L. , Ganguly Karunesh 
Published: November 2021

How does the brain integrate signals with different timescales to drive purposeful actions? Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) offer a powerful tool to causally test how distributed neural networks achieve specific neural patterns. During neuroprosthetic learning, actuator movements are causally linked to primary motor cortex (M1) neurons, i.e., “direct” neurons that project to the decoder and whose firing is required to successfully perform the task. However, it is unknown how such direct M1 neurons interact with both “indirect” local (in M1 but not part of the decoder) and across area neural populations (e.g., in premotor cortex/M2), all of which are embedded in complex biological recurrent networks. Here, we trained male rats to perform a M1-BMI task and simultaneously recorded the activity of indirect neurons in both M2 and M1. We found that both M2 and M1 indirect neuron populations could be used to predict the activity of the direct neurons (i.e., “BMI-potent activity”). Interestingly, compared with M1 indirect activity, M2 neural activity was correlated with BMI-potent activity across a longer set of time lags, and the timescale of population activity patterns evolved more slowly. M2 units also predicted the activity of both M1 direct and indirect neural populations, suggesting that M2 population dynamics provide a continuous modulatory influence on M1 activity as a whole, rather than a moment-by-moment influence solely on neurons most relevant to a task. Together, our results indicate that longer timescale M2 activity provides modulatory influence over extended time lags on shorter-timescale control signals in M1.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA central question in the study of motor control is whether primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor cortex (M2) interact through task-specific subpopulations of neurons, or whether tasks engage broader correlated networks. Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are powerful tools to study cross-area interactions. Here, we performed simultaneous recordings of M1 and M2 in a BMI task using a subpopulation of M1 neurons (direct neurons). We found that activity outside of direct neurons in M1 and M2 was predictive of M1-BMI task activity, and that M2 activity evolved at slower timescales than M1. These findings suggest that M2 provides a continuous modulatory influence on M1 as a whole, supporting a model of interactions through broad correlated networks rather than task-specific neural subpopulations.
Nombres escuetos en contextos no verídicos
Authors: Verdecchia Matías 
Published: November 2021

En el presente trabajo analizamos la distribución de los nombres contables en singular sin determinante bajo el alcance de la negación en español (e. g., No leí libro mejor que este). Nuestra propuesta es que estos nombres están encabezados por un indefinido nulo δ que resulta referencialmente deficiente (Giannakidou 2011). En este sentido, estos SSNN se comportan como términos de polaridad que deben licenciarse en contextos no verídicos. Así, señalamos que su legitimación no se restringe únicamente al ámbito de la negación, sino que también puede darse en otras configuraciones no verídicas, tales como el antecedente de un condicional o una interrogativa total. Respecto a su significado, argumentamos que se trata de indefinidos antiespecíficos. Particularmente, sostenemos que no se interpretan como términos de elección libre, sino como indefinidos referencialmente vagos.
Nombres en -ame(n) en el español de los siglos XVI y XVII
Authors: Prieto García-Seco David 
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo estudia un grupo de sustantivos colectivos terminados en -ame(n) que comenzaron a utilizarse en español en los siglos XVI y XVII; los sustantivos en cuestión son barrilamen, bestiame(n), botamen, cerdamen, cordame(n), leñame(n), maderame(n), pelamen, poleame(n) y velame(n). En primer lugar, se muestra de qué manera evolucionó el sufijo latino -men en distintas lenguas romances con el objeto de conocer en cuáles desarrolló un valor semántico colectivo. Seguidamente, se aborda el estudio monográfico de los diez sustantivos mencionados, prestando especial atención a su origen y a su trayectoria histórica. Por último, se exponen unas consideraciones finales en las que se reflexiona, entre otros aspectos, sobre a la terminación -ame(n) en español y sobre la procedencia de las voces estudiadas.
Wolność chrześcijańska w życiu i przepowiadaniu bł. Jerzego Popiełuszki
Authors: Zyzak Wojciech 
Published: November 2021

Wolność należy do istotnych pojęć duchowości chrześcijańskiej. Wolność była też ważnym wymiarem życia i nauczania bł. ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki. Autor artykułu analizuje wolność w filozoficzno-teologicznym i kulturowym wymiarze, głównie jako wolność „do” czegoś i wolność „od” ograniczeń. Te wymiary są splecione z analizą wolności w sensie narodowym i politycznym.
Budowanie wspólnoty rodzinnej, kościelnej i ojczystej w nauczaniu i kulcie bł. ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki – męczennika
Authors: Swędrowski Jerzy 
Published: November 2021

Życie, posługa i męczeństwo bł. ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki wpisują się w autentyczne świadectwo, które staje się inspiracją dla kolejnych pokoleń. W kontekście męczeństwa nabierają znaczenia fakty, które w ogólnym odbiorze są powszednie i bez wielkiego znaczenia. Świadectwo męczeństwa pozwala także uniknąć tworzenia apokryficznych opowieści i przesadnego skupiania się na nieistotnych detalach. Nauczanie bł. ks. Jerzego wypływało z jego doświadczenia wzrastania w środowisku rodzinnym i kościelnym, które cechowała miłość do Ojczyzny. Te doświadczenia budowały także wrażliwość na troskę o ludzi pracy i inne środowiska naznaczone opresją czy cierpieniem. W trzydzieści sześć lat od śmierci nie gaśnie, ale rozwija się kult ks. Jerzego. Jego nauczanie i postawa jest chętnie podejmowana jako wzorzec dla młodszych i starszych pokoleń. Świadectwo błogosławionego męczennika może dzisiaj być przyczynkiem do odnowy środowisk rodzinnych i parafialnych oraz ich głębszego osadzenia w dynamice słuchania słowa Bożego i w korzystaniu z sakramentów. Kult ks. Jerzego jest szansą na budowanie wspólnoty w szerokim wymiarze Ojczyzny. Ważnym elementem jest Sanktuarium na Żoliborzu, które jest żywą przestrzenią, przyciągającą ludzi ze wszystkich stron świata. Aktualność przesłania ks. Popiełuszki łączy się z wielkim zapotrzebowaniem na atrakcyjne postawy chrześcijańskie. Jest to szansa dla współczesnego duszpasterstwa, którego celem jest prowadzenie ludzi do osobistej relacji z Chrystusem i stawania się Jego autentycznym naśladowcą.
ORTHOPEDIC MANIFESTATIONS OF CONGENITAL VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Authors: Guk Yurii , Chernuha Larysa , Zyma Andrii , Cheverda Andrii , Kincha-Polischuk Tamara , Vyderko Roman 
Published: November 2021

The spectrum of orthopedic manifestations of congenital vascular malformations of lower limbs remains insufficiently studied. Objective. To analyze the results of examination of patients with orthopedic manifestations of congenital vascular malformations. Methods. 24 patients with various forms of congenital vascular malformations of the lower extremities were examined. Distribution of patients according to the Hamburg classification of vascular malformations: arteriovenous type — 14 patients; venous — 6; capillary — 2; capillaryvenous — 1; lymphatic — 1 patient. The diagnosis of orthopedicpathology was performed on the basis of clinical examination, X-ray, ultrasound, X-ray densitometry. Results. All patients with congenital vascular malformations were diagnosed with orthopedic pathology: leg length discrepancy (75 %), secondary scoliotic deformity (16 %), knee flexion contracture 40° (8 %), flatfoot (12 %), equinus deformity of the foot (8 %), osteoporosis of the affected limb (16 %), areas of pathological reconstruction of the affected bone (lytic areas) (4 %), hip osteoarthritis of the affected limb (grade 2) (4 %). Leg length discrepancy was observed due to the elongation of the affectedlimb — in 16 patients (67 %), shortening — in 2 (8 %). Leg length discrepancy was in the range of 0.5–6 cm. Elongation of the affected limb < 2 cm was noted in 5 patients (21 %), > 2 cm — in 11 patients (46 %); shortening of the affected limb < 2 cm was observed in one patient (4 %), > 2 cm — in one patient (4 %). Among the patients with leg length discrepancy, 61 % had combinations of several orthopedic manifestations of the disease. Conclusions. Patients with congenital vascular malformations have a wide range of orthopedic pathology, among them the leading is leg length discrepancy (75 %) due to elongation(67 %) or shortening of the affected limb (8 %). Leg length discrepancy is most often observed in patients with arteriovenous type of vascular malformation (67 %), elongation of the lower limb > 2 cm (75 %) significantly predominating in this category. Among patients with a difference in the length of the lower limbs in 61 % of cases, there is a combination with other orthopedic manifestations of the disease. Systematization of orthopedic pathology and development lesions’ classification of the musculoskeletal system taking into account the forms of vascular malformation will improve the diagnosisof the disease and improve the tactics of its orthopedic treatment.