bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamifying OTT: a study on consumer attitudes toward game elements and OTT media service provider brands in gamification
Authors: Tan Caroline S.L. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine consumer attitude toward gamification in the context of over-the-top (OTT) media service. The particular focus of this paper is on game mechanics from the mechanics-dynamics-aesthetics framework and its effects on consumer attitude toward both gamification and OTT media service provider brand.

Design/methodology/approach
A 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial experiment to examine the three core elements of game mechanics – components, controls and courses on consumer attitude, which was operationalized in eight vignettes with a sample size of 296.

Findings
It was found that the three elements in game mechanics demonstrated a multiplicative effect. The different combinations of elements in game mechanics would result in eliciting different consumer attitudes toward gamification and brand. Despite one combination that attained a high positive consumer attitude toward gamification in OTT, that same combination was not effective in creating a high positive attitude toward the OTT provider brand. The findings demonstrate the need for OTT providers to be clear of their gamification objectives before selecting the combination of game mechanics.

Research limitations/implications
This study adds to the body of knowledge on consumer attitude toward gamification, especially in the OTT market where there is still literature is limited.

Practical implications
OTT providers should determine their objectives for using gamification and design the game mechanics according to the optimal combination of elements – components, controls and courses.

Originality/value
According to the author’s knowledge, this is the first paper to examine consumer attitude toward gamification and OTT provider based on game mechanics. It provides an understanding on the interaction of elements in game mechanics and shows that different element combinations can be used to meet different goals.
Study of surface activation markers on CD3−CD16+ NK cells and their correlation with clinical manifestations in children with infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Ye Wanding , Zhang Wan , Wu Shixiong , Zhu Mengquan , Xu Zhiwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the proportion of surface activation markers on natural killer (NK) cells in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and to explore its clinical relevance. A total of 17 children hospitalized with IM were included in this study as the experimental group. Meanwhile, healthy children matched for age and gender served as controls. First, we isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with IM and healthy children. Then, NK cell surface markers were stained with monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the percentage of CD3−CD16+ NK cells was higher in peripheral blood lymphocytes from children with IM than that from healthy children (t = −4.52, P < 0.05). And the expression of the surface activation markers CD69 and CD25 on CD3−CD16+ NK cells was also higher in children with IM (t = −7.729, P < 0.05; t = −5.068, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the percentage of CD3−CD16+ NK cells in peripheral blood and the duration of fever in children with IM (r = 0.530, P < 0.05). Therefore, the proportion of NK cell subsets in children's peripheral blood changes in the acute phase of IM, suggesting that NK cells enhance their cytotoxicity and play a role in the control of infection in children with IM. Higher levels of CD3−CD16+ NK cells and the association with disease progression suggest that these cells might be a useful index to help evaluate the disease course.
Deconstructing precipitation variability: Rainfall event size and timing uniquely alter ecosystem dynamics
Authors: Griffin‐Nolan Robert J. , Slette Ingrid J. , Knapp Alan K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Water‐limited ecosystems are highly sensitive to not only precipitation amount, but also precipitation pattern, particularly variability in the size and timing of growing season rainfall events. Both rainfall event size and timing are expected to be altered by climate change, but the relative responses of dryland ecosystems to changes in rainfall event size versus timing have not been resolved. Here, we disentangle the effects of these different aspects of precipitation pattern on ecosystem dynamics.

We experimentally assessed how these two aspects of rainfall variability impacted a semi‐arid grassland ecosystem by altering an ambient precipitation pattern to eliminate variability in (a) rainfall event size (all events were made the same size), (b) rainfall event timing (all events were uniformly spaced in time) and (c) both. Total precipitation amount was constant for all treatments. We measured responses of soil moisture, ecosystem carbon flux (e.g. net primary production and soil CO2 flux), plant community composition and physiological responses of the dominant C4 grass, Bouteloua gracilis.

Removing variability in rainfall event size altered ecosystem dynamics more than a pattern of uniform event timing, but the largest impact occurred when variability in both were removed. Notably, eliminating variability in both event size and timing increased above‐ground net primary productivity by 23%, consistent with reduced water stress in the dominant C4 grass, while also reducing seasonal variability in soil CO2 flux by 35%, reflecting lower seasonal variability in soil moisture.

Synthesis. Unique responses to different aspects of precipitation variability highlight the complexity of predicting how dryland ecosystems will be affected by climate change‐induced shifts in rainfall patterns. Our results provide novel support for the key roles of rainfall event size and timing, in addition to total precipitation amount, as determinants of ecosystem function.
Mechanistic links between biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and stability in a multi‐site grassland experiment
Authors: Yan Ying , Connolly John , Liang Maowei , Jiang Lin , Wang Shaopeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Although the positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning and stability have been extensively documented in the literature, previous studies have mostly explored the mechanisms of functioning and stability independently. It is unclear how biodiversity effects on functioning may covary with those on stability.

Here we developed an integrated framework to explore links between mechanisms underlying biodiversity effects on functioning and those on stability. Specifically, biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning were partitioned into complementarity effects (CE) and selection effects (SE), and those on stability were partitioned into species asynchrony and species stability. We investigated how CE and SE were linked to species asynchrony and stability and how their links might be mediated by species evenness, using a multi‐site grassland experiment.

Our mixed‐effects models showed that a higher community productivity was mainly due to CE and a higher community stability was mainly due to species asynchrony. Moreover, CE was positively related to species asynchrony, thus leading to a positive association between ecosystem productivity and stability.

We used a structural equation model to illustrate how species evenness might mediate links between the various mechanisms. Communities with a higher evenness exhibited a higher CE and species asynchrony, but a lower SE and species stability. These evenness‐mediated associations enhanced the positive relationship between CE and species asynchrony, but blurred that between SE and species asynchrony.

Synthesis. Our findings demonstrate mechanistic links between biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and stability. By doing so, our study contributes a novel framework for understanding ecological mechanisms of the functioning–stability relationship, which has important implications for developing management plans focused on strengthening synergies between ecosystem functioning and stability over the long term.
Exercise reduces circulating biomarkers of cellular senescence in humans
Authors: Englund Davis A. , Sakamoto Ayumi E. , Fritsche Chad M. , Heeren Amanda A. , Zhang Xu , Kotajarvi Brian R. , Lecy Denise R. , Yousefzadeh Matthew J. , Schafer Marissa J. , White Thomas A. , Atkinson Elizabeth J. , LeBrasseur Nathan K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCellular senescence has emerged as a significant and potentially tractable mechanism of aging and multiple aging‐related conditions. Biomarkers of senescent cell burden, including molecular signals in circulating immune cells and the abundance of circulating senescence‐related proteins, have been associated with chronological age and clinical parameters of biological age in humans. The extent to which senescence biomarkers are affected by interventions that enhance health and function has not yet been examined. Here, we report that a 12‐week structured exercise program drives significant improvements in several performance‐based and self‐reported measures of physical function in older adults. Impressively, the expression of key markers of the senescence program, includingp16,p21, cGAS, andTNFα, were significantly lowered in CD3+T cells in response to the intervention, as were the circulating concentrations of multiple senescence‐related proteins. Moreover, partial least squares discriminant analysis showed levels of senescence‐related proteins at baseline were predictive of changes in physical function in response to the exercise intervention. Our study provides first‐in‐human evidence that biomarkers of senescent cell burden are significantly lowered by a structured exercise program and predictive of the adaptive response to exercise.
Effects of substance misuse on inhibitory control in patients with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Paraskevopoulou Maria , van Rooij Daan , Schene Aart H. , Chauvin Roselyne , Buitelaar Jan K. , Schellekens Arnt F. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPatients with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often diagnosed with comorbid substance misuse (SM), which is associated with poor treatment efficacy. Although literature indicates similar inhibitory control deficits in both conditions, it is unclear whether SM in ADHD exaggerates pre‐existing deficits, with additive or distinct impairments in patients. Our aim was to examine SM effects on inhibitory control in ADHD. Behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a stop‐signal task were compared across ADHD patients with and without SM (ADHD + SM and ADHD‐only, respectively) and controls (n = 33/group; 79 males, mean age 18.02 ± 2.45). To limit substance use disorder (SUD) trait effects, groups were matched for parental SUD. Overall, we found worse performance for ADHD‐only and/or ADHD + SM compared with controls but no difference between the ADHD groups. Moreover, the ADHD groups showed decreased frontostriatal and frontoparietal activity during successful and failed stop trials. There were no differences between the ADHD groups in superior frontal nodes, but there was more decreased activation in temporal/parietal nodes in ADHD‐only compared with ADHD + SM. During go‐trials, ADHD + SM showed decreased activation in inferior frontal nodes compared with ADHD‐only and controls. Findings during response inhibition showed deficits in inhibition and attentional processes for ADHD patients with and without SM. Despite no evidence for SM effects during response inhibition, results during go‐trials suggest distinct effects on nodes that are associated with several executive functions. Future studies should investigate whether distinct deficits in ADHD + SM relate to poor treatment results and can direct development of distinct ADHD treatment strategies for these patients.
Optimizing early detection strategies: defining the effective attraction radius of attractants for emerald ash borerAgrilus planipennisFairmaire
Authors: Wittman Jacob T. , Silk Peter , Parker Katie , Aukema Brian H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdult emerald ash borers are attracted to green prism traps baited with the ash host volatile (3Z)‐hexenol and the sex pheromone of emerald ash borer (3Z)‐dodecen‐12‐olide [(3Z)‐lactone]. Quantifying the heretofore unknown range of attraction of such traps would help optimize deployment strategies for early detection.Examining trap captures of traps deployed in pairs at variable distances offers insight into the range of attraction. Recent work has shown the range of attraction can be estimated as half the intertrap distance at which trap catch begins to decrease, which should occur when proximate traps overlap their respective attractive ranges.We estimated these traps' attractive range for emerald ash borer using 98 baited dark green prism traps deployed in pairs, one trap per tree, in an urban park in Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA in summer 2020.We estimate attractive range by fitting a logistic model to trap catch data using Bayesian inferential methods and describe advantages thereof.The attractive range of these baited traps was estimated to be between 16 and 73 m, with a median of 28 m. We recommend that dark green prism traps baited with these semiochemicals be placed 25–35 m apart near high‐risk entry points.
Indocyanine green fluorescence‐guided laparoscopic removal of infected mesh with chronic sinus formation after inguinal mesh plug repair
Authors: Shimada Gen , Hirose Shuntaro , Matsubara Taketo , Kishida Akihiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChronic mesh infection with sinus formation is usually amenable to open method with dye. Recently, intraoperative real‐time fluorescent imaging has been applied to various organs but not to mesh infection. A 72‐year‐old man with the history of two times removal of infected mesh was referred for groin bulge with purulent discharge. Laparoscopy assisted infected mesh removal was undertaken using intraoperative real‐time fluorescent imaging with indocyanine green injection via the sinus orifice. We experienced the first case of the infected mesh with chronic sinus formation treated by the help of intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescent. This method is simple and easy to apply for laparoscopic assisted removal of chronic mesh infection with sinus.
Gestational thrombocytopenia: a case–control study of over 3,500 pregnancies
Authors: Fogerty Annemarie E. , Dzik Walter 
Published: June 2021

SummaryGestational thrombocytopenia (GT) affects an estimated nine million women annually. Women with GT have recurrent episodes on subsequent pregnancies suggesting that GT is related to a maternal factor rather than a factor unique to the individual pregnancy. We performed a case–control study of over 3 500 pregnancies at a single hospital during 2017. We defined GT as any pregnancy with a platelet count <150 000/µl during the 100 days prior to delivery. We excluded women with platelet counts <50 000/µl or with conditions known to cause thrombocytopenia. GT was present in 12% of pregnancies. The median platelet count at delivery was 134 500/µl in cases versus 208 000/µl in controls, P < 0·0001. During the pregnancy, the platelet count declined 31·8% in cases compared with 18·3% in controls (P < 0·0001) in association with a significant increase in mean platelet volume during each trimester. Among women with GT, platelet counts rapidly increased during the first week postpartum, consistent with a mechanism directly related to high blood flow rates in the gravid uterus. GT, a recurrent condition of at‐risk women, is a common haematological disorder of pregnancy. Future research may focus on genetic gain‐of‐function polymorphisms resulting in increased turnover of platelets uncovered only during periods of high‐shear blood flow.
Internal feedbacks forced Middle Holocene cooling on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Mingda , Hou Juzhi , Duan Yanwu , Chen Jianhui , Li Xiumei , He Yue , Lee Shih‐Yu , Chen Fahu 
Published: June 2021

The nature of Holocene temperature changes is controversial because of the apparent discrepancy between global temperature reconstructions and climate modelling results. Here we present evidence indicating that the discrepancy can be attributed to the combination of seasonal biases in the proxy temperature records and insufficient understanding of the mechanisms within climate models. We obtained independently dated records of mean annual air temperature (MAAT) based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) from Bangong Co in the western Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and two loess‐palaeosol sections in the northeastern QTP. One of the most prominent features in the composite MAAT record is the relatively cool Middle Holocene, ~2 °C cooler than the Early and Late Holocene. The MAAT variations are consistent with orbitally forced modelling results that show increasing regional temperatures since the Middle Holocene, but they contrast with global temperature reconstructions that mainly reflect summer temperature variations. Our findings suggest that changes in boreal summer insolation that led to variations in precipitation patterns and vegetation dynamics were the key factor modulating MAAT during the Holocene. Overall, our study sheds light on possible approaches to solving the Holocene temperature conundrum by considering internal feedbacks within the climate system.
Review: Physical activity interventions for the mental health and well‐being of adolescents – a systematic review
Authors: Hale Gabrielle E. , Colquhoun Luke , Lancastle Deborah , Lewis Nicky , Tyson Philip J. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundRates of physical activity decline throughout adolescence, and evidence indicates that this has an adverse impact on psychological health. This paper aims to synthesise available evidence for physical activity interventions on the mental health and well‐being of young people (11–19 years) from the general population.MethodNine databases were searched to identify studies published between January 2005 and June 2020: Web of Science, ProQuest Psychology Journals, PsycINFO, Pub Med, ASSIA, CINHAL PLUS, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE and Wiley Online Library. Key search terms included ‘physical activity intervention’, ‘mental health’ and ‘adolescen*’. Eligible studies were independently screened by two authors based on inclusion/exclusion criteria.ResultsTwenty‐eight interventions were narratively synthesised in four categories: Quality of Life (QOL), self‐esteem, psychological well‐being and psychological ill‐being (e.g. depression, stress). A large proportion (67.9%) of interventions were multicomponent and combined physical activity with other features such as health education (e.g. nutrition). However, only a limited number (N = 5) specifically addressed mental health. Findings suggest that interventions are useful in improving psychological well‐being and QOL, yet evidence for self‐esteem is mixed.ConclusionsAlthough effectiveness in improving well‐being is evident, evidence for a reduction in the frequency and severity of mental health problems is less clear. A summary of the overall impact of physical activity interventions on the mental health of young people is presented.
Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship studies of the anaephene antibiotics
Authors: Kukla David L. , Canchola Juan , Rosenthal Joseph D. , Mills Jonathan J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe natural products, anaephenes A (1) and B (2), were found to have antimicrobial activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this report, we expanded on our previous synthetic efforts by preparing a library of eighteen analogues in order to understand the structure–activity relationships (SAR) of this interesting class of natural products. These analogues were selected to explore the biological impact of structural variations in the alkyl chain and on the phenol moiety. Last, we further assessed the biological activity of anaephene B (2) and two additional analogues against other clinically relevant bacterial strains and the hemolytic activity of each and determined that these compounds act via a bactericidal mechanism. These studies led to the identification of compound 7, which was 4‐fold more potent than the natural product (2) against MRSA (2 vs. 8 μg/ml) and a 2‐hydroxypyridine analogue (18) which demonstrated equal potency compared with the natural product (2), albeit with a significant reduction in hemolytic activity (<1% vs. 80% at 100 μM).
Ultra‐short versus standard‐length dental implants in conjunction with osteotome‐mediated sinus floor elevation: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Magdy Mostafa , Abdelkader Mennatalla A. , Alloush Sobhy , Fawzy El‐Sayed Karim M. , Nawwar Alaa A. , Shoeib Mona , ElNahass Hani 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to restore missing teeth with dental implants is dictated by the available bone and by the presence of anatomical structures. The potential to insert ultrashort implants avoids additional surgical procedures and its inherent complications. The last European Association of Dental Implantologists consensus in 2016 defined ultrashort implants and standard‐length dental implants as <6 and >8 mm, respectively.PurposeThe present study aimed to investigate whether single standing ultrashort dental implants (US) could provide a viable therapeutic alternative to osteotome mediated sinus floor elevation in combination with standard‐length dental implants (SL) 10 mm in posterior maxillary rehabilitation with reduced bone height.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted as a prospective parallel group controlled clinical trial with a 12 month follow‐up, where 48 implants were randomized into two groups; US‐group (5.5 mm) and SL‐group (10 mm) implants placed with osteotome‐mediated sinus floor elevation. Crestal bone loss (CBL) was defined as the study's primary outcome, while implant survival, buccal bone thickness, implant stability, probing depth, gingival recession, and adverse effects were assessed as secondary outcomes.ResultsMesial CBL was 1.13 ± 0.52 mm in SL‐ and 0.72 ± 0.52 mm in US‐group (P = .021), while distal CBL was 1.44 ± 0.72 mm in SL‐ and 0.91 ± 0.69 mm in US‐group at 12 months (P = .0179). Regarding implant stability, probing depth, and gingival recession there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Regarding implants' survival, three implants were lost in the US‐while only one implant was lost in the SL‐group (P = .6085; Fisher's exact test). Nevertheless, the ultrashort implants were associated with a tripling of the failure rate and uncertainty where the true failure rate is uncertain (relative risk 3.0; confidence interval 0.3‐26.8).ConclusionsWithin the current trial's limitations, US‐appear appear promising as they are associated less postoperative discomfort, minimal invasiveness and less CBL. However, larger sample size is required to determine whether the ultrashort have an acceptable survival rate.