bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delirium REduction after administration of melatonin in acute ischemic stroke (DREAMS): A propensity score–matched analysis
Authors: Mengel Annerose , Zurloh Jan , Boßelmann Christian , Brendel Bettina , Stadler Vera , Sartor‐Pfeiffer Jennifer , Meisel Andreas , Fleischmann Robert , Ziemann Ulf , Poli Sven , Stefanou Maria‐Ioanna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposePoststroke delirium (PSD) comprises a common and severe complication after stroke. However, treatment options for PSD remain insufficient. We investigated whether prophylactic melatonin supplementation may be associated with reduced risk for PSD.MethodsConsecutive patients admitted to the Tübingen University Stroke Unit, Tübingen, Germany, with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), who underwent standard care between August 2017 and December 2017, and patients who additionally received prophylactic melatonin (2 mg per day at night) within 24 h of symptom onset between August 2018 and December 2018 were included. Primary outcomes were (i) PSD prevalence in AIS patients and (ii) PSD risk and PSD‐free survival in patients with cerebral infarction who underwent melatonin supplementation compared to propensity score–matched (PSM) controls. Secondary outcomes included time of PSD onset and PSD duration.ResultsOut of 465 (81.2%) patients with cerebral infarction and 108 (18.8%) transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients, 152 (26.5%) developed PSD (median time to onset [IQR]: 16 [8–32] h; duration 24 [8–40] h). Higher age, cerebral infarction rather than TIA, and higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and aphasia on admission were significant predictors of PSD. After PSM (164 melatonin‐treated patients with cerebral infarction versus 164 matched controls), 42 (25.6%) melatonin‐treated patients developed PSD versus 60 (36.6%) controls (odds ratio, 0.597; 95% confidence interval, 0.372–0.958; p = 0.032). PSD‐free survival differed significantly between groups (p = 0.027), favoring melatonin‐treated patients. In patients with PSD, no between‐group differences in the time of PSD onset and PSD duration were noted.ConclusionsPatients prophylactically treated with melatonin within 24 h of AIS onset had lower risk for PSD than patients undergoing standard care. Prospective randomized trials are warranted to corroborate these findings.
Ex vivo gene modification therapy for genetic skin diseases—recent advances in gene modification technologies and delivery
Authors: Jayarajan Vignesh , Kounatidou Evangelia , Qasim Waseem , Di Wei‐Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenetic skin diseases, also known as genodermatoses, are inherited disorders affecting skin and constitute a large and heterogeneous group of diseases. While genodermatoses are rare with the prevalence rate of less than 1 in 50,000 – 200,000, they frequently occur at birth or early in life and are generally chronic, severe, and could be life‐threatening. The quality of life of patients and their families are severely compromised by the negative psychosocial impact of disease, physical manifestations, and the lack or loss of autonomy. Currently, there are no curative treatments for these conditions. Ex vivo gene modification therapy that involves modification or correction of mutant genes in patients’ cells in vitro and then transplanted back to patients to restore functional gene expression has being developed for genodermatoses. In this review, the ex vivo gene modification therapy strategies for genodermatoses are reviewed, focusing on current advances in gene modification and correction in patients’ cells and delivery of genetically modified cells to patients with discussions on gene therapy trials which have been performed in this area.
World‐class universities and the Soviet legacies of administration: Integrity dilemmas in Russian higher education
Authors: Oleksiyenko Anatoly V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper explores integrity dilemmas experienced by Russian academics in the context of building a world‐class university. Interviews with professors and managers of major research universities in Moscow provide critical insights into the organisational and attitudinal incongruities generated by a coercive state—a challenge that Russia has been unable to rise above following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Scepticism as to the “master model” of competitive performance is evident in relation to the Russian 5‐100‐2020 excellence scheme, the overseers of which prioritise “reputation management” over integrity in governance and performance. In addition to exposing the consequences of deficient institutional autonomy, which prevail in the context of a post‐totalitarian society, this paper calls for enhanced critical inquiry into university excellence programmes imposed by performativist and vanity‐driven governments.
Competing values at public universities: Organisational cultures and job demands‐resources in academic departments
Authors: Mudrak Jiri , Zabrodska Katerina , Machovcova Katerina , Cidlinska Katerina , Takacs Lea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiverse influences on national higher education (HE) systems result in variability in organisational cultures in academic workplaces. We implemented the competing values model of organisational culture to explore the departmental cultures at Czech public universities and the workplace perceptions of academics from different cultures. The participants (n = 2,229) completed an electronic questionnaire including the Organizational Climate Measure (OCM) as an indicator of departmental culture. The OCM dimensions were processed by k‐means cluster analysis, with four emerging clusters in the competing values dimensions of internal–external orientation and low–high control. The clusters included self‐actualisation (internal/external, low control), collegial (internal/low control), performance, (external/high control), and fraternity (internal/high control). We argue that the resulting clusters draw from different models of HE governance that historically shaped Czech HE, including state‐controlled, market and academic self‐governance. Work environment variables related to academic leadership were most significant in distinguishing between the clusters, especially along the control dimension.
Speaking things into existence: Ontological foundations of identity representation and management
Authors: Eriksson Owen , Ågerfalk Pär J 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConceptual models capture knowledge about domains of reality. Therefore, conceptual models and their modelling constructs should be based on theories about the world—that is, they should be grounded in ontology. Identity is fundamental to ontology and conceptual modelling because it addresses the very existence of objects and conceptual systems in general. Classification involves grouping objects that share similarities and delineating them from objects that fall under other concepts (qualitative identity). However, among objects that fall under the same concept, we must also distinguish between individual objects (individual identity). In this paper, we analyze the ontological question of identity, focusing specifically on institutional identity, which is the identity of socially constructed institutional objects. An institutional entity is a language construct that is ‘spoken into existence’. We elaborate on how institutional identity changes how we understand conceptual modelling and the models produced. We show that different models result if we base modelling on a property‐based conception of identity compared to an institutional one. We use the Bunge‐Wand‐Weber principles, which embrace a property‐based view of identity, as an anchor to the existing literature to point out how this type of ontology sidesteps identity in general and institutional identity in particular. We contribute theoretically by providing the first in‐depth ontological analysis of what the notion of institutional identity can bring to conceptual modelling. We also contribute a solid ontological grounding of identity management and the identity of things in digital infrastructures.
A retrospective review of the use of a nanocrystalline silver dressing in the management of open chronic wounds in the community
Authors: Hurd Theresa , Woodmansey Emma J. , Watkins Hilary M. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs part of an infection management protocol, antimicrobial dressings offer an appropriate, cost‐effective choice for the management of localised bioburden in chronic wounds. The choice of antimicrobial can impact significantly not only on the treatment outcomes and cost but also on the safety and well‐being of the patient. This retrospective study investigates these outcomes comparing health care records of 2572 patients with open chronic wounds, who were treated either with an Integrated Care Wound Bundle (ICB) including nanocrystalline silver (NCS) dressings (n = 330) or without NCS dressings and not on a ICB (n = 2242) in the community from March 2016 to March 2018. Wounds treated in the NCS dressing treatment bundle had a mean healing time of 10.46 weeks, vs 25.49 weeks for the non‐ICB treated wounds. In addition, the average interval time between dressing changes was in favour of the NCS dressing treatment bundle (3.98 vs 1.87 days), contributing to a substantial reduction in mean treatment labour costs ($1251 vs $6488). The use of a NCS dressing demonstrated improved efficacy and cost effectiveness of labour required for chronic wound management; highlighting the importance of choosing an effective antimicrobial dressing as part of an infection management protocol.
Study of SiC fiber axial compressive behavior using tensile recoil measurement
Authors: Yan Dexuan , Zu Mei , Wang Pengren , Zhang Yu , Chen Jiahui , Gou Yanzi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSiC fibers have been widely investigated as reinforcements for advanced ceramic matrix composites owing to their excellent high‐temperature properties. However, the axial compressive strength of SiC fibers has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, the compressive behavior of two SiC fiber types containing different compositions and thermal degradation were characterized by tensile recoil measurements. Results illustrated that the SiC fiber compressive strength was 30%–50% of its tensile strength, after heat treatment at 1200℃–1800℃ for 0.5 h in argon. The fiber compressive failure mechanism was studied, and a “shear‐bending‐cleavage” model was proposed for the recoil compression fracture of pristine SiC fibers. The average compressive and tensile strengths of the pristine SiC‐II fiber were 1.37 and 3.08 GPa, respectively. After treatment at 1800℃ for 0.5 h in argon, the SiC‐II fiber compressive strength decreased to 0.42 GPa, whereas the tensile strength reduced to 1.47 GPa. The mechanical properties of the fibers degraded after high‐temperature treatment. This could be attributed to SiC grain coarsening and SiCxOy phase decomposition.
Divergence times and plastid phylogenomics within the intron‐rich order Erythropeltales (Compsopogonophyceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Preuss Maren , Verbruggen Heroen , West John A. , Zuccarello Giuseppe C. 
Published: March 2021

The advent of high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) has allowed for the use of large numbers of coding regions to produce robust phylogenies. These phylogenies have been used to highlight relationships at ancient diversifications (subphyla, class) and highlight the evolution of plastid genome structure. The Erythropeltales are an order in the Compsopogonophyceae, a group with unusual plastid genomes but with low taxon sampling. We use HTS to produce near complete plastid genomes of all genera, and multiple species within some genera, to produce robust phylogenies to investigate character evolution, dating of divergence in the group, and plastid organization, including intron patterns. Our results produce a fully supported phylogeny of the genera in the Erythropeltales and suggest that morphologies (upright versus crustose) have evolved multiple times. Our dated phylogeny also indicates that the order is very old (~800 Ma), with diversification occurring after the ice ages of the Cryogenian period (750–635 Ma). Plastid gene order is congruent with phylogenetic relationships and suggests that genome architecture does not change often. Our data also highlight the abundance of introns in the plastid genomes of this order. We also produce a nearly complete plastid genome of Tsunamia transpacifica (Stylonematophyceae) to add to the taxon sampling of genomes of this class. The use of plastid genomes clearly produces robust phylogenetic relationships that can be used to infer evolutionary events, and increased taxon sampling, especially in less well‐known red algal groups, will provide additional insights into their evolution.
Clinical characteristics and long‐term outcome of E. coli‐associated granulomatous ileocolitis in dogs: five cases (2010‐2014)
Authors: Cochran L. , Hill S. , Lotti U. , Allenspach K. , Palma D. , Forman M. , Gary A. T. , Dogan B. , McDonough S. P. , Simpson K. W. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical characteristics and long‐term outcome of Escherichia coli‐associated granulomatous ileocolitis in dogs.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records from dogs with periodic acid‐Schiff positive (PAS+) granulomatous ileocolitis and mucosally invasive E. coli in the ileum and colon. Initial bacterial colonisation was evaluated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in all dogs and corroborated with colonic and/or ileal culture, when performed.ResultsFour boxer dogs and 1 French Bulldog with PAS+ granulomatous ileocolitis (GIC) were evaluated. All dogs had chronic diarrhoea refractory to empirical therapy. Ileocolonoscopy revealed mucosal haemorrhage and ulceration in the ileum (3/4) and colon (5/5). E. coli were visualised as clusters within the ileal and colonic mucosa. Complete (CR, 4/5) or partial (PR, 1/5) clinical response to fluoroquinolones was noted in all dogs within 30 days. CR was sustained in three of four dogs (median disease‐free interval 40 months, range 16 to 60). Two dogs relapsed while receiving fluoroquinolones. Repeat biopsy isolated multidrug‐resistant, mucosally invasive E. coli in the ileum (1/2) and colon (2/2). Targeted antimicrobial therapy was associated with long‐term PR (78 months) in both dogs.Clinical SignificanceConcurrent E. coli‐associated granulomatous inflammation in the ileum and colon did not impart a poor clinical outcome or lack of response to the conventional standard of care for granulomatous colitis in dogs that were aggressively diagnosed and treated. Clinical outcome was influenced by antimicrobial resistance, with response dependent upon antimicrobial therapy informed by susceptibility testing.
Reading with drama: relations between texts, readers and experiences
Authors: Medina Carmen Liliana , Perry Mia , Lee Bridget Kiger , Deliman Amanda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores the intersections of drama and reading, specifically focusing on approaches that are situated within “drama in education.” Supported with a retrospective analysis, this article portrays the research, related practice and possible futures in drama education in relation to literacy and in particular to reading fiction as meaning making practice. This study is situated in a reassertion of the value of relational literacies through imaginative practices that dramatic modes generate and support. The article disrupts common misconceptions about the purposes and effects of drama in reading and establishes prominent research discourses and definitions across the history of drama and reading practices. By locating paradigmatic and practical opportunities in our analysis of contemporary research, we bring visibility to the intricacies of drama in education as a generative pedagogy in reading as relational meaning making work.
Dual role for angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection and cardiac fat
Authors: Flinn Brendin , Royce Nicholas , Gress Todd , Chowdhury Nepal , Santanam Nalini 
Published: March 2021

SummaryAngiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been an increasingly prevalent target for investigation since its discovery 20 years ago. The finding that it serves a counterregulatory function within the traditional renin–angiotensin system, implicating it in cardiometabolic health, has increased its clinical relevance. Focus on ACE2's role in cardiometabolic health has largely centered on its apparent functions in the context of obesity. Interest in ACE2 has become even greater with the discovery that it serves as the cell receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), opening up numerous mechanisms for deleterious effects of infection. The proliferation of ACE2 within the literature coupled with its dual role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and obesity necessitates review of the current understanding of ACE2's physiological, pathophysiological, and potential therapeutic functions. This review highlights the roles of ACE2 in cardiac dysfunction and obesity, with focus on epicardial adipose tissue, to reconcile the data in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Eosinophilic sialodochitis: An emerging atopic condition
Authors: Carey Barbara , O'Neill Niall , Brown Jackie , Escudier Michael , Hullah Esther , Beneng Kiran , Odell Edward , Thomas Bethan , Haque Rubaiyat 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report the clinical characteristics of the largest single centre cohort of patients with eosinophilic sialodochitis.MethodsAnalysis of data relating to 37 patients seen in a dedicated multidisciplinary clinic was performed. Demographic, clinical, haematological, cytological, histological and radiological features were collated. Response to trials of allergy treatment was assessed.ResultsThirty‐seven patients (30 female, seven male) were identified, 42% of whom were of Afro‐Caribbean origin, with a mean age of 50.4 years (range 28–80 years). Mean symptom duration at presentation was 10 years (range 2–33 years). Parotid and submandibular gland involvement was equally reported. The most commonly reported symptoms were swelling (97%), itching of the overlying skin (92%), salivary gland discomfort (84%) and “string‐like” mucus discharge from salivary duct orifices (76%). Twenty‐three patients (62%) demonstrated atopic disease and serum IgE level elevated in 57%. All 37 patients had eosinophils present in aspirated duct contents samples while raised peripheral eosinophil count was seen in 41%. Anecdotal symptom improvement was reported with antihistamine, antileukotriene or steroid treatment.ConclusionEosinophilic sialodochitis should be considered in any patient presenting with recurrent salivary gland swelling. Further studies are needed to evaluate treatments directed at a likely allergic pathogenesis.
The effects of valproate on serum leptin, insulin, and lipid levels in epileptic children
Authors: Kilic Huseyin , Demirel Atalay , Uysal Serap 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWeight gain is an important adverse effect of valproate (VPA) therapy. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for its pathophysiology. The aim of the present study is the evaluation of insulin, leptin and lipid levels in epileptic children on treatment with VPA.MethodsThirty epileptic children treated with VPA, and 20 age–sex‐matched healthy children, were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were taken and the body mass index was calculated for all of the subjects. Serum insulin, leptin, and lipid levels were compared between the two groups.ResultsLeptin levels were significantly higher in the patient group (P = 0.009) whereas body mass index values were comparable. There was a positive correlation between leptin and body mass index among both patient (r = 0.464, P = 0.01) and control groups (r = 0.734, P = 0.0001). Total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were lower in VPA‐treated epileptic children than the control group (P = 0.008; P = 0.003, respectively). No significant difference was determined in insulin levels between the two groups. A negative correlation was observed between plasma VPA level and total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in the patient group (r = −0.380, P = 0.03, r = −0.474, P = 0.008, respectively).ConclusionThis study demonstrated higher leptin levels in the patient group despite similar BMI values. Hence, it seems likely that VPA causes leptin resistance. Unlike other anti‐epileptics, VPA does not produce an increase in serum cholesterol levels. On the contrary, lower levels of total and LDL cholesterol levels in VPA‐receiving patients have been observed in our study.
Coagulation and fibrinolysis balance in disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Onishi Tomoko , Ishihara Takashi , Nogami Keiji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is a common underlying disease associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We have recently determined hemostatic pathological states at diagnosis through simultaneous assessment of coagulation and fibrinolysis potentials in sepsis‐associated DIC using clot‐fibrinolysis waveform analysis. Here we aimed to investigate hemostatic pathological states, focusing on the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis dynamics during the clinical course in pediatric sepsis‐associated DIC.MethodsCoagulation and fibrinolysis potential functions in three pediatric patients with sepsis‐associated DIC during their clinical course were quantified using clot‐fibrinolysis waveform analysis. A maximum coagulation velocity (|min1|) and maximum fibrinolysis velocity (|FL‐min1|) was calculated as a ratio relative to normal plasma.ResultsIn case 1, coagulation‐enhanced and fibrinolysis‐depressed state (|min1|‐ratio 2.22 and |FL‐min1|‐ratio 0.42) was observed on day 1. This discrepancy significantly reduced after anticoagulant therapy and plasma exchange on day 2. A well‐balanced hemostatic state (0.70 and 0.62, respectively) was restored on day 7. In case 2, fibrinolysis‐impaired state (|min1|‐ratio 1.09 and |FL‐min1|‐ratio 0.21) was seen on day 1. The |min1| ratio was slightly prolonged and the |FL‐min1| ratio was severely decreased. Both were restored on day 7 and returned to normal levels on day 12. In case 3, twofold coagulation‐ and fibrinolysis‐enhanced states (|min1|‐ratio 1.99 and |FL‐min1|‐ratio 1.11) were seen on day 1. However, both potentials rapidly decreased on day 2 (0.49 and 0.0, respectively). She died on day 5.ConclusionsThe hemostatic pathological states in sepsis‐associated DIC depend on disease progression. Comprehensive assessment of coagulation‐fibrinolysis potentials over time may therefore be helpful in considering optimal treatment plans for sepsis‐associated DIC.
Prudential developmentalism: Explaining the combination of the developmental state and Basel rules in Brazilian banking regulation
Authors: Schapiro Mario G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article discusses Brazil's prudential developmentalism through a case study that challenges the expected trade‐off between Basel rules and the developmental state. Under the Brazilian arrangement, the Central Bank has substantially implemented the new Basel rules, while policymakers have dealt with significant developmental mechanism. This piece's central claim is that two institutional capacities support prudential developmentalism. The first is the Brazilian Central Bank's regulatory capacity to enforce Basel, which derives from the maximization of its institutional conditions and the minimization of the banks' regulatory costs. The second is the developmental state's capacity to foster economically relevant domestic business, observing prudential standards. Despite providing stability and room for local policy, the arrangement has downsides, mainly the restricted credit market and less transformative finance.