bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Barriers of Incident Reporting Among Internists: Results from Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar
Authors: Mohamed Mouhand F.H. , Abubeker Ibrahim Y. , Al-Mohanadi Dabia , Al-Mohammed Ahmed , Abou-Samra Abdul-Badi , Elzouki Abdel-Naser 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Adverse events (AE) are responsible for annual deaths that exceed deaths due to motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, and AIDS. Many AE are considered preventable. Thus, AE needs to be detected and analyzed. Incident reporting systems (IRS) are crucial in identifying AE. Nevertheless, the incident report (IR) process is flawed with underreporting, especially from the physicians' side. This limits its efficiency in detecting AE. Therefore, we aimed to assess the practice and identify the barriers associated with incident reporting among internal medicine physicians in a large tertiary hospital through a survey.
Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study. We distributed an online survey to physicians working in the Internal Medicine Department of Qatar's largest tertiary academic institute. The questionnaire was validated and piloted ahead of the start of the trial. The response rate was 53%.
Results A total of 115 physicians completed the survey; 59% acknowledged the availability of an institutional IRS. However, only 29% knew how to submit an online IR, and 20% have ever submitted an IR. The survey revealed that participants were less likely to submit an IR when they or a colleague is involved in the incident; 46% and 63%, respectively. The main barriers of reporting incidents were unawareness about the IRS (36%) and the perception that IR will not bring a system change (13%); moreover, there exists the fear of retaliation (13%). When asked about solutions, 57% recommended training and awareness, and 22% recommended sharing learnings and actions from previous IR.
Conclusions IRS is underutilized by internal medicine physicians. The main barrier at the time of the survey is the lack of training and awareness. Promoting awareness and sharing previous learning and actions may improve the utilization of the IRS.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Stenting versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Glenn Ian C. , Iacona Gabriele M. , Mangi Abeel A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe debate over coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent placement for the treatment of stable multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) continues in spite of numerous studies investigating the issue. This paper reviews the most recent randomized control trials (RCT) and meta-analyses of pooled RCT data to help address this issue. General trends demonstrated that CABG was superior in all-cause mortality and fulfilling the need for repeat revascularization. These advantages tended to be more pronounced in multivessel CAD and diabetes, and less so in left main CAD. PCI showed a consistently lower rate of cerebrovascular events. CABG continues to offer significant advantages over PCI, even as drug-eluting stent technology continues to evolve. The ideal endpoint for comparing PCI and CABG remains to be determined. Furthermore, additional research is required to further refine patient selection criteria for each intervention.
Morphology, Topography and Wettability of CP-Ti after Anodization Process for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Najim A N , Mohammed M T , Albozahid M A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Titanium (Ti) is widely applied for biomedical implants owing to its exceptional properties such as biocompatibility, corrosion behavior and wear resistance. However, these implants may undergo from some unfavorable results coming from the lack of their surface properties. Therefore, the development of required surface properties of Ti implants is an important issue. In particular, Ti dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs) have displayed auspicious features to modulate the biological responses of Ti. In this study, the anodization process was carried out onto the surface of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) substrate in an electrolyte contains a 0.8M NaF in 1M H3PO4 at constant applied voltage of 10 V for 30, 90, and 150 min. The structure and morphology, topography, along with adhesion strength of both non-anodized and anodized Ti samples have been investigated
Electrical treeing behavior in XLPE insulation due to content AL2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Mohamed T J , Faraj S R , Judran H K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
XLPE is currently commonly used in high voltage underground cables. Several researchers recently chose several nanofillers to improve the electric tree’s strength in the polymer matrix. Alumina AL2O3 nanofiller have been utilized to investigate the effects on the electrical treeing in XLPE. The percentage concentration were used as follows with different amounts “0.3wt.” % and “1wt.”% from weight of base material. The needle-plane electrodes were used in this investigation and gap selected between needle and plane earth is 3 mm. The growth and morphology of treeing in XLPE insulation have been observed by using charge coupled device camera CCDc and microscope system. Scanning of electron microscopes SEM has been investigated the nanoparticles spread in base material. The outcomes show the tree inception voltage TIV values 12.5, and 14.8 KV “0.3wt.” % and “1wt.”%, respectively in XLPE composites that is mean the TIV increase with increase concentration nanofiller, while the tree propagation time at 2mm length increase about 40 min and 2 hours in “0.3wt.” % and “1wt.”% AL2O3/XLPE, respectively compared with unfilled XLPE, as well as the breakdown time BDT enhancement by4.347% and 13.043% for 0.3wt% and 1 wt% nano AL2O3 composites compared with unfilled XLPE insulation. And showed pictures taken with a SEM Diffusion and accumulation of nanoparticles in the XLPE material.
Study the effect of Crystallization Factors on the Mechanical Properties of Semi - Crystalline Polymers for Transport Applications
Authors: Degheim Kawthar kareem , Ameer Saad Najm Abdul , Hussein Asra Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Polyether ether ketone and which combined with carbon fiber by 20% and 30% as reinforcement which purchased from a company Tangyin Sanyou Engineering Plastic Co. Itd/China. the degree of crystallization An significant role in semi-crystalline thermoplastics is played by (e.g. toughness, stiffness and solvent resistance). Primary aim of this work is to use density, DSC and FTIR to Research into the various induced degrees of crystallinity in PEEK composites Strengthened with carbon fiber (CF). In this research, three sheets were used: virgin poly ether ether ketone (PEEK), (PEEK+20 percent carbon fiber), and (PEEK+30 percent carbon fiber). the samples’ mechanical and thermal properties produced ones were examined and compared in this study. The density test findings displayed a rise in crystallinity levels by (35.9, 54.4, 88.2) respectively, But a decrease in the degree of crystallinity when examining by DSC. The mechanical properties such as Tensile strength, Young’s module and impact strength It showed an improvement in properties with an increase in the percentage of reinforcement with CF. In addition, FTIR for pure PEEK, (PEEK+ 20 percent CF) and (PEEK+30 percent CF) is found to induce minor shafting in peaks by adding 30 percent of carbon fibers and does not cause new peaks to appear and this suggests that there is no chemical reaction between the fibers and the PEEK matrix.
Comprehensive Review on Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Techniques
Authors: Gabir Mustafa M. , Alkhafaji Dhirgham 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The heat exchanger is a thermal device use for heat exchange between higher fluid temperature to lower fluid temperature. Growing need to improve the heat exchangers effectiveness and develop a broad range of investigations for enhancement heat transfer rate along with minimizing the size and cost of the industrial apparatus accordingly. The purpose of the present work to review the articles that related to major types of double pipe heat exchanger and factor effect on heat transfer rate and pressure drop the double pipe heat exchanger considers one of the apparatuses which are used in among industries. Researchers proposed several models of double pipe heat exchanger heat exchangers. Double pipe heat exchangers are used in many industrial processes, cooling technology, refrigeration device, sustainable energy applications and another field. Different classification of Double pipe heat exchangers includes parallel, counter and cross flow. Research operate were also conducted to improve the effectiveness of Double pipe heat exchangers by using turbulators, inserts, rips at both ends, modifying the geometry of channels, methods of injection fluids and, etc. This study reported various research works of Double pipe heat exchangers research works in a technique to satisfy the right effectiveness deciding parameter.
FPGA Realization of ANFIS Controller Using a Proposed Digital Design
Authors: Issa Abbas H. , Gitaffa Sabah A. , Humod Abdulrahim Thiab 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe design and realization of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented in this paper. The controller intended to control the temperature of medical oven. A novel design of digital ANFIS is presented here for the implementation process. Different controllers are designed and their results are compared using MATLAB program to show the ANFIS superiority. The designed controllers tested for cell cultures application at 37.5. A reduction is made for the designed digital ANFIS due to the used FPGA limitations. The reduced design minimizes the utilized slices from 366% to 3% and LUTs from 364% to 3%. The reduced design reached an optimum size for this controller to utilize a smallest memory size. A real-time FPGA implementation of the proposed digital ANFIS have been done and verified through Xilinx ISE 14.6 using the VHDL language. The VHDL code for the controller is produced, aggregated and downloaded on the FPGA Spartan 3A/AN FPGA kit. A comparison between the simulation and implementation results is made. The matching between these results proves the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed digital ANFIS and the excellent performance of the FPGA based controller.
The role of energy management system in performance improvement of Iraqi oil companies
Authors: Najy Raqeyah Jawad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Oil is one of the important sources of the economy in all countries, and everyone is interested in the slogan of energy conservation and rationalization. Energy saving and energy conservation are also linked to natural issues, particularly those identified with environmental change and high temperatures, and this implies the requirement for a fair response. Despite the distinction in the requirement for energy every once in a while. Research aims to improve performance. Oil companies using energy management systems. Oil companies in Iraq whose work is characterized by a technical nature were searched, and a rigorous and tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Bodies and divisions of the Iraqi Oil Companies, which are directly related to the topic of the research, and a random sample was chosen from the community. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are (an integration formula between energy management systems can be developed to be used to improve the quality of performance of oil companies).
Enhancement behavior of reinforced concrete beam with transverse holes under combined twisting and bending using steel fiber
Authors: Jasim Mustafa Hamid , Ali Al-Salim Nabeel Hasan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Openings in beams cause load path and stress discontinuities. Several research experiments have been conducted in recent years to improve the area surrounding the opening using various techniques. In this research investigate the effect of hybrid concrete (normal concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete) on the beams with transfer opening subject to combined loading (torsion and bending). Six specimens of reinforced concrete beams with the same dimension and reinforcement were tested. The variable where distance of hybrid area around opening (150, 225, 450 and 1500) mm. The opening in reference concrete beams was decrease in the ultimate twisting moment (18.28%) with respect to solid one (without opening). The ultimate twisting moment increases by (32-68%) as steel fiber reinforced concrete is used around the opening. Simultaneously, the twist angle was increased by about (27.6- 46.7%). In addition, relative to the control specimen, the first crack was delayed by bout (41.6-75) %.
Non-linear behavior of composite two way slab with screws as shear connectors under equivalent uniform distributed repeated load
Authors: Abd Naba’a Hakim , Alwash Nameer A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The research studies experimentally behavior of composite two-way slab that consist of flat steel plate and concrete with screws as shear connectors. The screws differ in length and diameter with distributed of them according to shear stresses [dense distribution nearest from support] and by using the same weight of screws in each slab (819±8) g.
Six composite slabs was cast in this work and tested under equivalent uniform distributed repeated load [EUDRL]. The various parameters were investigated in this work including the diameter of screws (6.3, 4.2, 3.5) mm and length of screw (25 and 12.5) mm.
The results of the present experimental study demonstrated that the composite slab with diameter of screws (4.2mm) and length (12.5mm) is the best among others composite slab in this work. The strength of the best tested composite slab (using screws of (4.2mm diameter and 12.5mm length) is closed to that of reinforced concrete slab (R/C) with difference about (7.1%). On other hand, the ductility of composite slab is better than of (R/C) slab by about (6.7% to 24.74%).
Experimental study: scour interference between vertical-wall abutment and two shape of bridge piers
Authors: Muhsen N A , Khassaf S I 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Local scour considered as one of the main hazard factors that damaging bridges and in order to understand and controlling this problem, numerous researchers investigated its impact around pier or abutment in isolation but few take into account the consequences of pier proximity to abutment. This study aims to show the effect of pier-abutment scour interference. Under clear-water conditions, laboratory experiments were conducted utilizing vertical-wall abutment and two shape of pier (rectangular and ogival) at three different spacing (23.75, 16 and 9cm), and the influence of other parameters on reducing scouring process were also investigated. Approximately all results showed the increasing in pier scour depth with decreasing in abutment scour depth when reducing the spacing between them, where the maximum pier readings of scour depth was recorded at the smallest spacing. Also, scour increased with increasing flow intensity, Froude number and decreasing flow depth. Moreover, the maximum scour depth caused by rectangular shape was more than ogival shape by percentage about 11%.
Investigation the Mechanical Properties of 2024AA of Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Abed Atheer Najm , Sadiq Ghanim Sh. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The 2024AA has good mechanical properties and used for many application, there was many research in the field of friction stir welding in past 20 years age, now many research focusing in the friction stir processing technology which has many advantage according to the mechanical properties investigation, in this paper comparing the 2024AA base metal with friction stir process 2024AA with different feed rate and rotation speed, the feed rate that has been used is (20, 35, 50 mm/min), although in the rotation speed (1400, 2000 rpm) where used. The mechanical properties has been investigate, the hardness has been tested in different location. The tensile strength in 2024AA has been found 460 MPa, as comparing with 35, 1400 friction stir processing the ultimate tensile stress found to be 420 MPa so that percentage of improving 9.5 %. The flexural stress in 2024AA has been found 828 MPa as comparing with 35, 1400 friction stir processing the flexural stress found to be 745 MPa so that percentage of improving 11.1 %.
Effect of friction crush welding parameters on the properties of welded joints of C1020 copper sheet
Authors: Jomah A S , Subhi A D , Hashim F A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Challenges in joining sheet metals can be encountered using traditional friction welding and the solution is achieved by friction crush welding. In this work, the influence of flanged edge heights (2, 2.5 and 3 mm) and gaps (0.5 and 1 mm) between Cu sheets of Cu-Cu joints on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The welding experiments were performed using tool rotational speed of 1500 rpm and feed rate of 150 mm/min. Optical microscope, SEM, hardness and tensile tests were used to evaluate Cu-Cu joints successfully. The results indicated that the significant characteristics of Cu-Cu joints were obtained using 2.5 mm flanged edge height and 0.5 mm gap between Cu sheets. These characteristics were 66 HV hardness and 118 MPa tensile strength. Fracture surface analysis of FCWed joints indicated the brittle-ductile mixed fracture mechanism.
Modification of Corrosion and Mechanical Behaviour of Cu-Zn-Al Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Haleem Ali Hubi , Khulief Zuheir Talib , Kadhim Israa Nayyef 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit an interesting research topic. The currentss limitationss to thes SMAsss is thats the cost of SMAss, mades outs ofs expensive elements such as Ni and Ti. In this work, the influence of different amount of nickel (Ni), boron (B), and boron oxide (B6O) additionss ons the structure, mechanicalss, electrochemical, and tribological behaviourss of Cu - Zn - Alss SMAsss have been investigateds.
Cu–25Zn–4Al SMAs were produced by powder metallurgy technique with and without the addition of 0.5, 0.7, and 1 wt.% of Ni or B. After mixing the powders for 4hr, the alloys were prepared using 675MPa compact pressure. The alloys were subjected to sintering process in vacuum tube furnace with three stepsss. For microstructural and phases characterisation of alloyss withs and withouts the additions of elements (Ni, B), optical microscopy (OM), scanningss electronss microscopyss (SEM), and XRD diffractions analysiss weres carrieds outs. The transformation temperatures of alloys with and without the addition of elements (Ni, B) were measured by differentials scannings calorimetrys (DSC). The shape memory properties of alloyss withs and withouts the additions of elements (Ni, B) were investigated using shape memory effect test (SME). Electrochemical corrosion tests for alloys with and without the addition of elements (Ni, B) were carried out using potentiodynamic polarization technique. XRD and microstructural analysis showed that all alloys compositions consisted of the predominating Cu5Zn8 phase. The results of transformation temperatures showed that the Ni and B additions have strong influences ons the transformations temperaturess of Cu – Zn – Al SMAs.
The results of electrochemical corrosion tests showed that an increased in Ni or B content up to 1wt. % improved the corrosions resistances of the unmodified Cu – Zn – Als SMA in 3.5 NaCls. In the second part, the influence of different amount (1,3, and 5 wt. %) of boron oxide (B6O) additionss ons the mechanicalss and tribology properties of Cu – Zn – Als SMAsss with the addition of 1wt.% Ni or 1wt.% B has been investigated. s Hardness measurements was usedss to assessss the mechanicalss propertiesss of 1, 3, and 5 wt.% B6O modified Cu – Zn – Al – Ni or Cu – Zn – Al – B alloy compositions. Wet sliding wear process was investigated for 1, 3, and 5 wt.% B6O modified Cu – Zn – Al – Nis or Cu – Zn – Als – B alloy compositions in distilled water at 2, 5, and 10 N normal load at room temperature. The resultss of hardness measurements show that an increase in B6O content up to 3 wt.% improved the hardness of Cu – Zn – Als – Ni and Cu – Zn – Als – B SMAss. The tribological results show that the wear resistance of Cu – Zn – Als – Ni and Cu – Zn – Al – B SMAs exhibiteds the best results with 3 wt. % of B6O addition. Further increase or decreases of B6O contents decreases the wears resistances of the alloys.
Performance Comparison of Reactive Power Control Methods of Photovoltaic Micro-inverter
Authors: Noori Farah T. , Hassan Turki K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Photovoltaic power generation becomes an important technology in recent year, because of its advantages such as clean energy, pollution reduction, no gas emissions, maintenance and operation requirements are low. So it is a new path for generating electric power. This paper will study the performance comparison of two photovoltaic systems of three-phase grid-connected micro-inverter and study their design methods of reactive power control. The first design is suggested that the photovoltaic PV system based on an interleaved DC-DC boost type converter with its maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) for each boost converter. A voltage source inverter type (VSI) is used as a three-phase micro-inverter. By controlling the direct and quadrature components of inverter output currents, reactive power controlling is achieved at 90.76% efficiency. The second design is suggested that the photovoltaic panel is connected DC-DC converter of an interleaved flyback type. Each sub-converter is controlled by an individual (MPPT). The circuit of active third-harmonic current injection in recent years have received much interest, this technique contributed to get better quality of current injected into the utility grid and to control the reactive power with good efficiency 95.07%. A line-commutate current source inverter type (CSI) with filter is used. The developed micro-inverter of (1000W) offers an expanded range of reactive power control with balanced three-phase output power. Each system design in this study has proven its effectiveness in obtaining control of reactive power and nearly sinusoidal three-phase output currents. The effectiveness of the suggested systems are clarified by using the MATLAB Simulink program and the results of the simulation show the validity of the suggested micro-inverter system.
A Pre-authorization Algorithm for WiMAX Network to Reduce Handover Signaling
Authors: Saheb Huda H , Hamza Bashar J , Al-Baghdadi Ahmed F 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
IEEE 802.16e is a platform capable of meeting those standards in modern wireless networks that demand broad bandwidth and high-speed mobility. One of the most significant problems with IEEE 802.16e is that although the handover technology provides smooth high volume data services at a high speed scale, it only specifies a mechanism without including precise methods or algorithms for handover that can be delegated. Another issue is handover signaling during the re-entry process when a mobile station requests access to the next possible base station. This paper proposes PAA (Pre-Authorization Algorithm) which accepts incoming requests quickly because it already has the incoming request’s information saved. PAA reduces call dropping for high speed users at the edge of cell and mitigates the ping-pong effect. Finally MATLAB was used to present the results that shows reducing in signaling time.