bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition and diversity of larval fish in the Indian Ocean using morphological and molecular methods
Authors: Rathnasuriya M. I. G. , Mateos-Rivera A. , Skern-Mauritzen R. , Wimalasiri H. B. U. , Jayasinghe R. P. P. K. , Krakstad J. O. , Dalpadado P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough vital in fisheries management, no comprehensive studies on ichthyoplankton have been conducted in Sri Lankan waters in the north central Indian Ocean hitherto. Hence, this study is the first detailed account of diversity and species composition of larval fish based on samples collected during the southwest monsoon in 2018. In total, 80 species belonging to 69 families were identified using morphological and molecular methods targeting the COI gene. The larval fish diversity varied significantly between regions: east (North East, Central East, and South East) and west (North West, South West, and South). In their larval stages, mesopelagic families were associated with the offshore waters whereas demersal and pelagic families were related with shelf regions in the South, South East, and Central East. The larvae of pelagic families are likely dispersed by the South Monsoon Current from the west to the east regions, while demersal fish seem to be confined to the same area as conspecific adults. The most abundant larval species observed were Selar crumenophthalmus, Cubiceps pauciradiatus, and Dipterygonotus balteatus. High abundances of several commercially important larval tuna species were found in the South East, Central East, and South regions indicating that these waters could be important nursery grounds. Furthermore, Callionymus simplicicornis was recorded for the first time in the Indian Ocean, and seven additional species were found new to Sri Lankan waters. The results from this study also highlight the importance of using combined morphological and molecular methods and the need for strengthening fish nucleotide databases in poorly studied areas of the Indian Ocean.
Collaborative filtering with q-divergence-based fuzzy clustering for spherical data
Authors: Kanzawa Yuchi , Kondo Tadafumi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough recommendation systems are the most powerful tool to help people choose items, a higher recommendation accuracy is required to satisfy the needs of the people. Motivated by this requirement, this study proposes a novel collaborative filtering (CF) algorithm, which is the underlying technology of a recommendation system. It filters items for a target user based on the reactions of similar users. Cluster analysis helps detect similar users by grouping a set of users such that users in the same group are more similar to each other than to those in other groups. However, in most representative CF algorithms such as GroupLens algorithm, users are considered as spherical data, and as categorical multivariate data in the clustering phase of a previous study. This study overcomes this logic gap by proposing a novel CF method using fuzzy clustering for spherical data based on q-divergence as both the clustering phase and the GroupLens algorithm consistently deal with users as spherical data. Experiments were conducted on six real datasets—BookCrossing, Epinions, Jester, LibimSeTi, MovieLens, and SUSHI, to compare the performance of the proposed method with GroupLens and the method using fuzzy clustering for categorical multivariate data based on q-divergence, which are conventional methods, where the performance is measured by the area under the receiver operating curve. The results of the experiments indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the others in terms of recommendation accuracy.
Repdigits as products of consecutive Padovan or Perrin numbers
Authors: Rihane Salah Eddine , Togbé Alain 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA repdigit is a positive integer that has only one distinct digit in its decimal expansion, i.e., a number of the form $$a(10^m-1)/9$$

a
(

10
m

-
1
)
/
9

, for some $$m\ge 1$$

m
≥
1

and $$1 \le a \le 9$$

1
≤
a
≤
9

. Let $$\left( P_n\right) _{n\ge 0}$$

P
n

n
≥
0

and $$\left( E_n\right) _{n\ge 0}$$

E
n

n
≥
0

be the sequence of Padovan and Perrin numbers, respectively. This paper deals with repdigits that can be written as the products of consecutive Padovan or/and Perrin numbers.
The connection between childhood maltreatment and eating disorder psychopathology: a network analysis study in people with bulimia nervosa and with binge eating disorder
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Tzischinsky Orna , Cascino Giammarco , Alon Sigal , Pellegrino Francesca , Ruzzi Valeria , Latzer Yael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Childhood maltreatment (CM) experiences are associated with heightened risk of Eating disorders (EDs). The psychopathological pathways promoting this association in people with Bulimia nervosa (BN) and in those with Binge eating disorder (BED) are under-investigated.

Methods
One hundred and eighty-one people with BN and 144 with BED filled in the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, to measure ED psychopathology, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, to assess their early traumatic experiences. Network analysis was conducted to investigate the interplay between those variables. The shortest pathways function was employed to investigate the shortest out of all routes conveying the association between CM and ED-specific symptoms.

Results
In both people with BN and with BED, all CM types were connected to the ED psychopathology through the emotional abuse node. The association between emotional abuse and ED-specific symptoms (bulimia and body dissatisfaction) differed in the two groups: in people with BN, it included ineffectiveness, while in people with BED, it involved impulsivity. Interoceptive awareness, an indirect measure of emotion regulation, was included in these pathways in both groups.

Conclusion
In the light of literature showing that emotional abuse has a connecting role between CM and ED psychopathology also in anorexia nervosa, the present findings support the idea that emotional abuse conveys such association in all the main ED diagnoses. Ineffectiveness and impulsivity may represent the specific psychopathological dimensions connected to emotional abuse and promoting the maintenance of ED-specific symptoms in BN and in BED, respectively. These findings are worth of attention by clinicians.

Level of evidence
Level III: evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies
2019 revised algorithm for the management of knee osteoarthritis: the Southeast Asian viewpoint
Authors: Yeap Swan Sim , Tanavalee Aree , Perez Emmanuel C. , Tan Maw Pin , Reyes Bernadette Heizel M. , Lee Joon Kiong , Norhamdan Mohd Yahaya , Vista Evan S. , Chan Wai Sin , Cong Sy Bui , Tam Pham Thi Thanh , Kaufman Jean-Marc , Reginster Jean-Yves , Veronese Nicola , Penserga Ester 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince 2014, the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) algorithm for the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is available worldwide.AimBased on this document, a Southeast Asia Working Group (SEAWG) wished to see how the new ESCEO algorithm developed in 2019 was perceived by Southeast Asian experts and how it was integrated into their clinical practice.MethodsA SEAWG was set up between members of the international ESCEO task force and a group of Southeast Asian experts.ResultsNon-pharmacological management should always be combined with pharmacological management. In step 1, symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis are the main background therapy, for which high-quality evidence is available only for the formulations of patented crystalline glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. In step 2, oral NSAIDs are a useful option, considering the cardiovascular/renal/gastrointestinal profiles of the individual patient. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid and corticosteroids are a possible alternative to oral NSAIDs, but limited evidence is available. If steps 1 and 2 do not give adequate relief of symptoms, tramadol can be used, but its safety is debated.In general, the indications of the ESCEO algorithm are important in Southeast Asian countries, but the reimbursement criteria of local health systems are an important aspect for adherence to the ESCEO algorithm.ConclusionThis guidance provides evidence-based and easy-to-follow advice on how to establish a treatment algorithm in knee OA, for practical implementation in clinical practice in Southeast Asian countries.
A new rating system for hydrogeological risk management along railway infrastructures in Prealpine zone (northern Italy)
Authors: Gattinoni P. , Scesi L. , Arieni L. , Canavesi M. , Zaffaroni F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRailway infrastructures in mountain areas often develop along hillslopes affected by geomorphological and hydrogeological processes which might lead hazardous events. Therefore, specific tools for risk analysis and management are required. This paper develops a new rating system (Railway Hydrogeological Management System, RHMS), based on a heuristic method which considers the susceptibility to different types of slope instabilities, as well as the peculiar features affecting the railway vulnerability. The proposed method introduces an iterative approach for the risk assessment, based on the definition of acceptability thresholds for the residual risk. The application of this method to a test area pointed out its feasibility, as well as its operational capability to identify the critical sections of the infrastructure, in which protection or mitigation measures are needed in order to reduce the risk.
Comparison of four diesel engines with regard to blow-by aerosol properties as a basis for reduction strategies based on engine design and operation
Authors: Scheiber Kai-Michael , Nowak Niclas , Lorenz Magnus Lukas , Pfeil Jürgen , Koch Thomas , Kasper Gerhard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how engine design and operation affect blow-by aerosol characteristics is key to reducing the emission of particulate matter (PM) via the crankcase ventilation system. To this end, representative aerosol data from four different diesel engines are compared on the basis of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and engine speed. The data were obtained from comparable sampling positions, using the same sampling system and optical particle counter. The discussion is based on the narrow particle size range of 0.4–1.3 µm, chosen for its significance with regard to blow-by aerosol sources, as well as for the challenges it poses for separation systems. Key findings include particle size distributions (PSD) of virtually identical shape, indicating that these engines share the same aerosol sources and underlying generation mechanisms. However, absolute concentrations differed by a factor of about six, presumably due to differences in engine design, which in turn affect key parameters such as temperature, pressure and flow rates. At BMEPs ≤ 10 bar all engines exhibited similarly low aerosol concentrations. With increasing BMEP the concentration rose exponentially. The engine with the smallest rise and the lowest total concentration featured an aluminum alloy piston, the smallest displacement, the lowest peak BMEP as well as the lowest maximum oil temperature. At maximum torque the aerosol concentration scaled fairly linearly with engine displacement. Increasing the engine speed had a minor impact on aerosol concentrations but affected blow-by flows, hence leading to a rise of aerosol mass flows. Within the limits of this comparative measurement studies, three generation mechanisms are provided for blow-by aerosols.
Fungicide strategies and resistance of Ramularia collo-cygni to demethylation and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors in Austrian winter barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: Assinger Thomas , Torriani Stefano F. F. , Accardo Salvatore , Fountaine James , Steinkellner Siegrid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRamularia collo-cygni B. Sutton and J.M. Waller is a major disease in Austrian barley-growing regions. To date, fungicide application is the most effective method to manage the disease; however, fungicide resistance to demethylation and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors has developed over the last few years. In the growing seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, field trials were carried out to analyze the efficiency of fungicide strategies based on different fungicide classes. Disease development, growth parameters and monitoring of CYP51 and sdh mutations were determined. Fungicide treatments resulted in higher disease control, green leaf area and grain yield. In Austrian R. collo-cygni field populations, the frequency of the mutations CYP51-I325T and CYP51-I328L was low to moderate. Frequency of mutations sdhC-H146R and sdhC-H153R was low. Frequencies of CYP51-I325T and -I328L were similar and increased following DMI application. Frequency of sdhC-H146R was higher compared to sdhC-H153R. The SDHI benzovindiflupyr showed a higher selection rate for sdh mutations compared to bixafen. These sdh mutations were not selected if chlorothalonil was used as mixing partner, leading to a stable composition of sdh resistance alleles over the last two years. Chlorothalonil was proven to be an effective tool for anti-resistance strategies. Currently, SDHIs and DMIs are the backbone of Ramularia leaf spot control in Austria; however, the level of resistance is likely to increase in absence of suitable anti-resistance strategies and following the ban of chlorothalonil.
Total Hip Replacement in Sickle Cell Disease Patients with Avascular Necrosis of Head of Femur: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Al-Otaibi Mohammed Lafi , Waliullah Shah , Kumar Vineet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFemoral head avascular necrosis leads to osteoarthritis of the hip joint and affects its functional capacity in sickle cell disease patients. The functional outcomes of total hip replacement (THR) on patients with congruous joints who underwent hip replacement after having a failed joint preservation surgery are unknown. This study aimed to compare the functional outcomes of THR in patients with sickle cell disease having avascular necrosis with and without loss of hip joint congruency.MethodsThis retrospective study included 35 patients (age, 20–52 years; 18 males and 17 females) who underwent uncemented THR. Patients were divided into Group-A (n = 18, good hip joint congruency) and Group-B (n = 17, obliterated hip joint congruency). The Harris Hip Score (HHS) was used to assess functional outcomes. All patients were followed up at 6-weekly intervals then 6-monthly intervals.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 8.26 ± 3.01 years. The mean preoperative HHSs of Group-A and Group-B were 45.22 ± 3.021 and 25.94 ± 4.437, respectively. Postoperatively, a subsequent increase in HHS was found in both groups, and a significant difference between the groups was observed at 6 weeks (p < 0.0001*) and 1 year (p < 0.0006*). Interestingly, HHS was not significantly different (p = 0.0688) at 5-year follow-up between the groups. The differences in HHS within the group at each subsequent follow-up were also statistically significant (ANOVA,p < 0.0001*).ConclusionA significant improvement was observed with THR in both groups. Nevertheless, the flattened hip joint congruency group showed significantly better HHS improvements than the normal congruency groups. These findings may aid in the decision-making capabilities of the surgeons.
Erectile Dysfunction A Prospective Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Effect of Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (LI-ESWT) in Men With Erectile Dysfunction Following Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Ladegaard Peter Bill Juul , Mortensen Jonas , Skov-Jeppesen Sune Møller , Lund Lars 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Previous studies have indicated that low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) may improve male erectile dysfunction (ED) of vascular aetiology.

Aim
To investigate penile rehabilitation of Li-ESWT in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in men with ED following robotic nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Methods
Included were men with ED following nerve-sparing RP with a score &lt;22 in the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. Participants were divided into an active A (n = 20) and a placebo/sham B group (n = 18). They were randomized consecutively upon study entry. Each study arm had one treatment a week for 5 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
Sexual outcomes were assessed by international validated questionnaires, Erection Hardness Score (EHS) and IIEF-5 at baseline and at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment.

Results
A total of 38 (n = 38) participants were enrolled; there were no dropouts. A significant increase was observed in IIEF-5 and EHS in group A at both 4 and 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, the mean IIEF-5 score had increased by 3.45 points (P = .026), while the mean EHS score had increased by 0.5 points (P= .019).

Conclusion
This randomized study indicates that Li-ESWT for ED in men undergone RP might be effective and safe. However, further and more robust research is needed before Li-ESWT can be characterized as a reliable treatment modality.
The features of meroitic spread in south-central Sudan: remains along the White Nile region
Authors: Abdalla Ammar Awad Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNew archaeological discoveries south of Khartoum in south-central Sudan are enhancing our ability to determine the spread of items originating from the Meroitic state 2000 years ago, beyond the political borders of the state. For the first time in a full-length paper, this research aims to increase our knowledge of archaeological sites dating to this period along the very poorly understood White Nile. The conditions of the sites are outlined, archival research was undertaken through an examination of the original excavation notes and records, and the importance of future research is highlighted. The results shed new light on the features of the communities living to the south of the state as well as how they interacted with the Meroitic state. The conclusions suggest that the lack of civil, political, and religious Meroitic constructions are indicative of a lack of political control over the White Nile where the archaeological evidence demonstrates that fisher-hunting activities predominated. However, there were commercial relations between these rural areas, and the Meroitic state was based on the White Nile's need for ivory, wood, animals, slaves, and perishable items such as leather, and on the presence of Meroitic products such as amulets, gold ornaments, iron arrowheads, and pottery.
Late Pleistocene Emergence of Crystalline Canadian Shield Sources in Sediments of the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Portier Andrea M. , Thierens Mieke , Martin Ellen E. , Hemming Sidney R. , Gombiner Joel H. , Raymo Maureen E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe regolith hypothesis attributes the inferred growth of a thicker and more voluminous Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) across the mid‐Pleistocene transition (MPT) to the removal of softer subglacial substrates of either regolith or sedimentary cover and subsequent exposure of crystalline bedrock with higher basal friction at the base of the LIS. This hypothesis predicts that sediment derived from the LIS was dominated by weathered sources prior to the MPT and then transitioned to fresh Canadian Shield sources during and after the MPT. Here, we present clay mineralogy, modified indices of chemical alteration, K/Ar ages and radiogenic isotopes (Sr, Nd, Pb) of Pleistocene clay detrital fractions from Ocean Drilling Program Site 625 in northeastern Gulf of Mexico to evaluate changes on glacial‐interglacial and longer‐term timescales in sediment composition during the Pleistocene and test this prediction. Mineralogical and geochemical proxies show a predominance of chemically weathered clays (kaolinite and smectite with clay ratios ≥3.0) sourced from the Appalachians as determined by radiogenic isotopes and K/Ar ages throughout the site's three million‐year sediment record. This is consistent with extensive pre‐Pleistocene weathering of Caledonian‐Appalachian (∼450 Ma) material that covered North American cratonic sources within the Mississippi drainage basin. However, following the MPT, we observe a unique addition of physically weathered clays (chlorite and illite with clay ratios <3.0) with radiogenic isotopes and K/Ar ages indicating contributions from more ancient geological sources, most simply explained as sediment derived from physical erosion from the crystalline Canadian Shield. These observations are generally consistent with predictions made by the regolith hypothesis.
Lake Modeling Reveals Management Opportunities for Improving Water Quality Downstream of Transboundary Tropical Dams
Authors: Calamita Elisa , Vanzo Davide , Wehrli Bernhard , Schmid Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWater quality in tropical rivers is changing rapidly. The ongoing boom of dam construction for hydropower is one of the drivers for this change. In particular, the stratification in tropical reservoirs induces oxygen deficits in their deep waters and warmer surface water temperatures, which often translate into altered thermal and oxygen regimes of downstream river systems, with cascading consequences for the entire aquatic ecosystem. Operation rules of reservoirs, involving water intakes at different levels, could mitigate the consequences for downstream water quality. However, optimized water management of deep reservoirs relies on predictive models for water quality, but such predictive capability is often lacking for tropical dams. Here we focus on the Zambezi River Basin (southern Africa) to address this gap. Using the one‐dimensional General Lake Model, we reproduced the internal dynamics of the transboundary Lake Kariba, the world’s largest artificial lake by volume, created by damming the Zambezi River at the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Through this modeling approach, we assessed and quantified the thermal and oxygen alteration in the Zambezi River downstream of the reservoir. Results suggest that these alterations depend directly on Kariba’s stratification dynamics, its water level and the transboundary policies for water withdrawal from the reservoir. Scenario calculations indicate a large potential for mitigating downstream water quality alterations by implementing a hypothetical selective withdrawal technology. However, we show that a different and cooperative management of the existing infrastructure of Kariba Dam has the potential to mitigate most of the actual water quality alterations.