bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Believe it or not! Assessing the credibility of voices in dubbed animated films
Authors: Sánchez-Mompeán Sofía , Cifuentes-Férez Paula 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The main aim of this study is to determine whether and to what extent the use of celebrities to dub animated characters affects the degree of credibility of the final version. Our hypothesis is that the character’s voice has a major impact on the degree of credibility: the animated voices performed by professional dubbing actors will be more credible than those performed by actors and non-actor celebrities. Results reveal that the dubbing voice has a significant influence on the degree of credibility of the animated character. In fact, voices dubbed by professional dubbers are perceived as the most credible, whilst voices dubbed by non-actor celebrities are perceived as the least credible.
Meanings and scripts in the linguistic landscape of Saint Petersburg
Authors: Bylieva Daria , Lobatyuk Victoria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article examines the linguistic component of building signs in the city center of St. Petersburg, Russia. The research is based on the analysis of an extensive database that covers 849 examples. It concludes that the Cyrillic script can be found in 84% of cases, Latin script – in 48%, and other scripts – in 4%. English is used to attract international visitors, demonstrate the authenticity of the brand, create a national flavor, hide meaning from the general public or as a part of linguistic creativity. Sometimes such language experiments break the phonetic–graphemic definitiveness of language, mixing form, and meaning. The use of the Latin script can either be targeted at those who do not know the Russian language or form a part of the language game for the Russian-speaking public.
Association Between Position-Specific Impact and Movement Characteristics of Professional Rugby Union Players During Game Play
Authors: Peek Rebecca J. , Carey David L. , Middleton Kane J. , Gastin Paul B. , Clarke Anthea C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Peek, RJ, Carey, DL, Middleton, KJ, Gastin, PB, and Clarke, AC. Association between position-specific impact and movement characteristics of professional rugby union players during game play. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 161–166, 2023—The aim of this study was to understand the association between impact and movement characteristics during whole game and peak 1- to 10-minute rolling windows in professional rugby union. Maximal impact (impacts·min−1) and corresponding running (m·min−1) characteristics as well as maximal running (m·min−1) and corresponding impact (impacts·min−1) characteristics were obtained for 160 athletes from 4 teams across the 2018 and 2019 Super Rugby seasons. A linear mixed-effects model reported a positive association between whole-game running and impacts, where greater impact characteristics corresponded with greater running characteristics. The average 1-minute peak running characteristics (150–160 m·min−1) typically occurred when no impacts occurred. The average 1-minute peak impact characteristics (4–6 impacts·min−1) corresponded with an average relative distance of 90–100 m·min−1. Worst case scenario observed impact characteristics as large as 15 impacts·min−1 with a corresponding relative distance of 140 m·min−1. When training for peak period characteristics, running may be completed in isolation; however, peak impacts often occur in conjunction with moderate to high running movements. Given running and impact characteristics can appear concurrently within game play, this highlights the need to train them accordingly. As such, when prescribing training drills to replicate the peak characteristics in rugby union, consideration should be taken for both running and impact characteristics.
Session Rating of Perceived Exertion Is Different for Similar Intensity and Duration Prescribed Low-Intensity Sessions and Has a Different Effect on Performance in Young Cross-Country Skiers
Authors: Pind Rasmus , Purge Priit , Mäestu Evelin , Vahtra Eno , Hofmann Peter , Mäestu Jarek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pind, R, Purge, P, Mäestu, E, Vahtra, E, Hofmann, P, and Mäestu, J. Session rating of perceived exertion is different for similar intensity and duration prescribed low-intensity sessions and has a different effect on performance in young cross-country skiers. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 187–193, 2023—The aim of this study was to analyze whether the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the resulting internal load (sRPE) could differ among subjects when volume and intensity are matched in young cross-country (XC) skiers. Second, we analyzed whether subjects with a high or low RPE response and sRPE have different adaptation after a 1-week low-intensity high-volume training period. Well-trained national level XC skiers (n = 13) aged 13.4 ± 1.9 years took part in a 1-week training period with double poling performance tested pretraining and after 1-week training. All subjects trained under a similar training program. Rating of perceived exertion was measured after each training session on a 10-point scale, and the total training load was calculated by the sRPE method by multiplying training session's duration and the RPE. Subjects were divided into Glow (n = 6) or Ghigh (n = 7) groups based on median rating of RPE (3.78 ± 1.24) in low-intensity trainings. Total training load in low-intensity trainings was higher in Ghigh compared with Glow (4,010 ± 765 vs. 2,499 ± 193 arbitrary units, respectively), although total training time with (16.3 ± 0.8 hours vs. 16.0 ± 0.6 hours) or without (13.1 ± 0.9 hours vs. 13.3 ± 0.7 hours, p > 0.05, respectively to Glow and Ghigh) high-intensity sessions was not different. No significant differences were found for time spent in different heart rate zones between the 2 groups. Increases in performance were significant for both groups (p< 0.05), while the effect was large in Ghigh (+12.5%; ES = 0.74), and medium in Glow (+10.7%; ES = 0.34). Differences in the internal load and the further quantification of training load for different target intensity sessions could provide important practical information to stimulate expected adaptation in young endurance athletes.
Finding the Signal in the Noise—Interday Reliability and Seasonal Sensitivity of 84 Countermovement Jump Variables in Professional Basketball Players
Authors: Mercer Richard A.J. , Russell Jennifer L. , McGuigan Lauren C. , Coutts Aaron J. , Strack Donnie S. , McLean Blake D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mercer, RAJ, Russell, JL, McGuigan, LC, Coutts, AJ, Strack, DS, and McLean, BD. Finding the signal in the noise—interday reliability and seasonal sensitivity of 84 countermovement jump variables in professional basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 394–402, 2023—This study examined the measurement characteristics of countermovement jump (CMJ) variables in basketball athletes using different variable selection criteria. Test-retest reliability (noise) and seasonal variability (signal) CMJ data were collected from 13 professional basketball athletes playing for the same club throughout 1 competitive season. Interday reliability (coefficient of variation [CV] and intraclass correlation coefficients) were calculated over 3 preseason tests conducted on 3 consecutive days. To evaluate sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated by dividing seasonal variability (CV) from 8 in-season CMJ tests (collected from November to February) by preseason reliability (CV). Players performed 3 CMJs each testing day, and 3 data analysis techniques were applied: a single variable from the trial with either the best jump height (BestJH; calculated by flight time) or the best flight time to contraction time (BestFT:CT) and mean output across 3 jumps (Mean3). Mean3 was the most reliable data analysis technique, with 79 and 82 of 84 variables displaying lower interday CVs compared with BestJH and BestFT:CT, respectively. Overall, many CMJ measures display seasonal changes that are greater than the inherent noise, with 77 variables producing SNR of >1.00 for Mean3 compared with 65 and 58 variables for BestJH and BestFT:CT, respectively. To improve reliability and sensitivity, it is recommended that practitioners use the average of multiple CMJ trials and regularly reassess measurement characteristics specific to their cohort and environment.
Working Memory for Spatial Sequences: Developmental and Evolutionary Factors in Encoding Ordinal and Relational Structures
Authors: Zhang He , Zhen Yanfen , Yu Shijing , Long Tenghai , Zhang Bingqian , Jiang Xinjian , Li Junru , Fang Wen , Sigman Mariano , Dehaene Stanislas , Wang Liping 
Published: December 2021

Sequence learning is a ubiquitous facet of human and animal cognition. Here, using a common sequence reproduction task, we investigated whether and how the ordinal and relational structures linking consecutive elements are acquired by human adults, children, and macaque monkeys. While children and monkeys exhibited significantly lower precision than adults for spatial location and temporal order information, only monkeys appeared to exceedingly focus on the first item. Most importantly, only humans, regardless of age, spontaneously extracted the spatial relations between consecutive items and used a chunking strategy to compress sequences in working memory. Monkeys did not detect such relational structures, even after extensive training. Monkey behavior was captured by a conjunctive coding model, whereas a chunk-based conjunctive model explained more variance in humans. These age- and species-related differences are indicative of developmental and evolutionary mechanisms of sequence encoding and may provide novel insights into the uniquely human cognitive capacities.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSequence learning, the ability to encode the order of discrete elements and their relationships presented within a sequence, is a ubiquitous facet of cognition among humans and animals. By exploring sequence-processing abilities at different human developmental stages and in nonhuman primates, we found that only humans, regardless of age, spontaneously extracted the spatial relations between consecutive items and used an internal language to compress sequences in working memory. The findings provided insights into understanding the origins of sequence capabilities in humans and how they evolve through development to identify the unique aspects of human cognitive capacity, which includes the comprehension, learning, and production of sequences, and perhaps, above all, language processing.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF A NEW ALKALI-HALOTOLERANT BACILLUS AQUIMARIS STRAIN LGMT10, PRODUCING EXTRACELLULAR HYDROLASES, FROM THE EFFLUENTS OF A THERMAL POWER PLANT, IN ALGERIA
Authors: Chaida Abdelkrim , Bensalah Farid , Guermouche M'rassi Amel 
Published: December 2021

Modern biotechnology takes into account cost, performance, and respect for the environment to set up an industrial process. In this sense, the study's goal is to highlight the presence of indigenous microbial microflora in the Terga thermal power plant effluents, which are capable of secreting extracellular hydrolases. Four different extracellular hydrolases classes, which are most of the time used in bioindustry, namely protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase, were investigated in agar plate assay, to select microorganisms with an interesting enzymatic potential adapted to this type of environment. Consequently, the results have shown that among twelve isolated bacterial strains, three strains were screened based on their enzymatic potential, and were later identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, i.e. showing that the strains belong to the genus Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus wiedmannii with a similarity percentage of 99.33% and 100%, respectively, with their corresponding type of strains. Among them, the strain LGMT10 that belongs to the Bacillus genus, and is closely related to Bacillus aquimaris, showed a 16S rRNA sequence similarity with the type of strain of 99.23%. This strain presents adequate characteristics to resist the harsh conditions of pH and NaCl. It could grow against wide ranges of NaCl concentrations between 0-12% (w/v), pH 5.5-12, and was able to produce extracellular hydrolases (i.e., protease, amylase, and cellulase) against pH ranges of 6.8-12 and NaCl concentrations between 0-12% (w/v) at 30 °C. This strain's intriguing enzymatic potential, as well as its pH and salinity tolerance, make it a promising candidate for various biotechnological applications in detergent, leather, textile, and food processing industries.
IDENTIFICATION OF Bacteroides spp. FROM DUCKS USING 16S rRNA GENE PCR ASSAY: PRELUDE TO ITS APPLICATION IN MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING
Authors: Dela Rosa Christian Jordan , Rivera Windell 
Published: December 2021

Fecal pollution monitoring using fecal indicator bacteria has many limitations. Alternatively, using 16S rRNA gene Bacteroides-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed promise because Bacteroides spp. are a major part of the gut microbiota. In the Philippines, duck backyard farming waste management is unmonitored. Hence, the objective of this study was to isolate Bacteroides DNA from duck feces and to establish genetic relatedness that can be used to develop new microbial source tracking markers. Fifty (50) duck fecal samples were collected. Of the 50, 20 were subjected to total DNA extraction and the remaining 30 were used for the isolation of Bacteroides. A total of 32 Bacteroides were isolated that included 6 B. nordii and 26 B. ovatus. A phylogenetic tree showing the host sources of Bacteroides generated five clusters. Four clusters came from this study, while the fifth cluster was composed of sequences from a study in Japan. This shows an intraspecies difference between Bacteroides species in the Philippines and Japan. This difference is a result of variations in the gut microbiome such as host species, diet, and geography. Results of this study will expand the present sequence database of Bacteroides from ducks that can be used in identifying sources of fecal pollution in the environment.
Invisible Spread and Perceived Stress Amidst COVID-19
Authors: Thomas Emily , Hamilton Jessica , Francis Carrie , Sykes Kevin 
Published: December 2021

Aims. To characterize the self-reported stress of participants and examine the relation between potential for asymptomatic spread and perceived stress.
Methods. Enrollment of 461 participants occurred from May 4-May 22, 2020. The sample participants were predominantly women (69.6%). On average, participants were 44.9 years of age (SD = 14.6). Measures employed included the perceived stress scale-10 and a comprehensive COVID-19 questionnaire.
Results. Worry about asymptomatic spread was significantly associated with greater perceived stress (p<0.001). Higher stress was reported among individuals who were women (p<0.001), Hispanic/Latinx (p=0.001), and non-Black/African American individuals (p<0.001), and those reporting the presence of COVID-19 symptoms (p=0.001).
Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant economic, social, health, and other disruptions around the world. Distress is significantly related to concern over unintentionally contributing to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through asymptomatic transmission. Future research should characterize the modifiable psychotherapeutic processes that might be targeted through intervention.
Keywords. COVID-19/prevention and control, Humans, Psychological Distress, Asymptomatic Viral Shedding, Pandemics, Public Health Practice, Public Policy
Protective activity of mixtures of pneumococcal antigens in infection caused by <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> serotype 3
Authors: Vorobyev D. S. , Tokarskaya M. M. , Baranovskaya S. A. , Stefutushkina E. A. , Afanasyeva O. M. , Astashkina E. A. , Zhigunova O. V. , Volokh Yu. V. , Leonova A. Yu. , Petukhova E. S. , Semenova I. B. , Nechaev D. N. , Kravtsova E. O. , Ovechko N. N. , Yastrebova N. E. , Gruber I. M. , Mikhailova N. A. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Pneumococcal diseases remain relevant for the whole world. On the one hand, this is due to the high prevalence of pneumococcus and the other hand, the growth of antibiotic-resistant strains and the constant change of clinically significant serotypes of the pathogen.The aim of the research was to study of the protective activity of a mixture of pneumococcal antigens.Material and methods. we used preparations of a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) obtained from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3; protein-containing fraction (PCF) obtained from an aqueous extract of cells of S. pneumoniae serotype 6B; recombinant pneumolysin (rPly). Mice were immunized intraperitoneally twice with an interval of 14 days with mixtures of bacterial antigens: CPS + PCF; CPS + rPly; PCF + rPly. To assess the protective activity of the studied drugs after double immunization animals were infected intraperitoneally with S. pneumoniae serotype 3. To study the effect of mixtures of bacterial preparations on the infectious process in the lungs immunized mice were infected with S. pneumoniae serotype 3. The humoral immune response was studied with IgG using the method of ELISA.Results. The CPS + rPly mixture protected mice from intraperitoneal infection with S. pneumoniae serotype 3 regardless of the infecting dose. Immunization with CPS + PCF or CPS + rPly mixtures influenced a significant decrease the number of seeded bacterial cells from lungs during the entire observation period (72 h) compared to the control. Administration of mixtures of bacterial antigens of CPS + PCF, CPS + rPly or PCF + rPly to animals led to a significant increase of the level of antibodies to all antigens, however, the highest levels of IgG were determined to PCF and rPly.Conclusion. The results obtained suggest that different antigenic drugs in mixtures affect different mechanisms of immunity activation.
How to get a patent for invention. Recommendations for drawing up application materials
Authors: Tarasova O. I. , Ryzhova A. A. , Savinova M. I. , Borodin V. D. 
Published: December 2021

Availability of patents for inventions is a significant indicator of innovative activity in scientific research organization, one of efficiency criterion of its work, creates legal basis for integration innovations into practice and future commercial use. Not every inventor can formulate the point of his invention and describe it correctly according to demands of current legislation.Objective is to help a beginning inventor to form description and formula of invention correctly, to provide information, necessary for giving patent’s application.Recommendations for drawing up a claim according to the patent law of Russia are present in the article with an accent on inventions in the medical area. Conditions of patentability, objects of invention, patent validity periods have been considered. Conditions of creation companies’ inventions have also been highlighted. In the article the demands to a content of applications, structure of description, formula and an abstract of invention have been disclosed in details in compliance with “The Rules of drawing up, applying and considerations of papers (documents), which are the basis for performing legally significant actions in accordance with State registration of inventions” and “Demands to documents of an application of patent of invention”, approved by the Order Minister of Economic Development of Russian Federation, dated on 25.05.2016 No. 316. The example of description of invention in the medical area is given in order to illustrate an invention prototype.According to patent legislation of Russian Federation, a protection is provided to technical decision, which is new, not evident for a specialist in a given filed and is fully revealed in description of an invention in an amount, that is enough for its reproduction, and realization of a stated purpose is confirmed by materials of application. Formula of application must be totally based on a description.
Design and Social Change: An Architectural History of the University of California, Santa Barbara
Authors: Larson Julia Diane 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), campus as it stands today appears as an architectural mash-up of midcentury modern institutional buildings, both low rise and high rise; a smattering of World War II–era wooden buildings; 1970s-style double wide trailers; and new science buildings built by a who's who of internationally famous architects. In this case study, the author shows how the UCSB campus's architectural history mirrors the post–World War II boom in educational facilities throughout California and the social, cultural, and architectural history of the region as a whole. The key to discovering this history is archival research, both at the University Archives at the UCSB Library, as well as at the architecture-specific Architecture and Design Collection at the Art, Design & Architecture Museum on campus. In this case study, the author explains how the architectural history can be traced through the archival records to more fully understand the history of the campus.
Of Grasshoppers and Rhinos: A Visual Literacy Approach to Born-Digital Design Records
Authors: Leventhal Aliza , Collins Julie , Walsh Tessa 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
This article explores the area of born-digital design records and visual literacy with an aim of demystifying these records and empowering archivists to appraise, describe, preserve, and provide access to them. It does so in a stepwise manner, guiding the archivist or researcher through the process of preparing, opening, viewing, exploring, and understanding these files. While at first the technical aspects of born-digital design records, such as computer-aided design (CAD) and building information modeling (BIM), can seem challenging, archivists should not be deterred. The article introduces crucial historical context and a methodology for unpacking the contents of born-digital design records, which together enable archivists to better see and decipher their significance and meaning. Also discussed are records creators, software preferences, processing workflows, and the visual interpretation of rendered images and the software interfaces. This then leads to a discussion around how to contextualize and understand the built form being communicated through drawings and models. The article also points to the array of teaching tools and interest groups that support archivists who wish to learn about the design community's practices, with the aim of lowering the barrier to engagement with these records. Visual literacy should be recognized as a vital skill, useful both in understanding these records and in decision-making around retention and preservation, so that stories of the places and people they reflect can be told.
Archivists at Work: Stress and Mood Effects in a Gendered Profession
Authors: Chinery Kristen , Casey Rita J. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Although much has been written about both the gendering of the archival profession and how gender impacts work in society, empirical data are insufficient to document how they combine to specifically influence archivists and archival work. This study examines gender differences as a factor in individual and work-site characteristics of archivists. Six central questions are used to explore the role of gender in the intensity or stressfulness of work, organizational climate where archival work is done, administrative support for archivists, and mood. Methodology, results, and suggestions for future research are presented.