bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Anisotropy Characteristics of Bogor Volcanic Soil
Authors: Sulastri Yusi , Rahardjo Paulus Pramono 
Published: April 2021

Anisotropy in soil results from the deposition process which describes the characteristics of the soil grains or is caused by stress or from the consequences of stresses caused during deposition and subsequent erosion. All soils behave in general anisotropy and some exhibit undrained shear strength. This study conducted 2 tests, namely the first field testing with original soil samples in the form of CPTu and dilatometer. The CPTu test's objective is to determine the vertical soil parameters, while the dilatometer is to determine the horizontal soil parameters. This study indicates that the indication of anisotropy in all shear strength tests is evident in the results of the CPTu test and the Dilatometer test. TX - UU and consolidation show that the horizontal shear strength (Suh) is greater than the vertical slope shear strength (Suv). In this case, the ratio obtained for shear strength is Suh = 1.3 Suv. And from the results of the consolidation test in the laboratory, it was found that the horizontal compression index parameter (Cc horizontal) was greater than the vertical (Cc vertical) and the horizontal coefficient of consolidation (Ch) is greater than the vertical coefficient of consolidation (Cv).
Aspects of applying the method of chemical mutagenesis to develop cultivars of Calendula officinalis L
Authors: Khazieva F. M. , Korotkikh I. N. 
Published: April 2021

Background. The need for continuous breeding practice to develop new varieties of Calendula officinalisL. is induced by the accumulation of low-grade morphotypes in the already existing cultivars as a result of crosspollination.Materials and methods. Seeds selected from high-yielding biotypes of cv. ‘Kalta’ were treated with various mutagens for 18 hours, using 1000 seeds for each option. The mutation rate in the M1 generation and seed quality were determined, and plant viability was assessed under field conditions. Plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, number of inflorescences per plant, inflorescence diameter, number of ray floret rows, and weight of one inflorescence were measured in the mass flowering phase. The yield of raw materials (fresh and air-dry biomass of inflorescences) was calculated for each harvest and for the total amount of all 7 harvests during the flowering period.Results.The mutagens DES 0,05% and DMS 0,08% turned outthe most effective for developing new source material. None of the plants produced seeds after treatment with nitrosomethyl urea (NMU0.02% ), and only one plant produced seeds after treatment with NMU 0.04% . As a result of a long-term breeding process (2009–2016), new varieties were developed on the basis of mutant generations M2–M3 : cvs. ‘Zolotoe more’ and ‘Rajskij sad’, both exceeding cv. ‘Kalta’ in the yield of inflorescences by 39 and 30%, seed yield by 48 and 49%, total extractives by 13.8 and 21.3%, and total flavonoids by 29.9% and 43.3%, respectively.Conclusion.New cultivars of C. officinalis, ‘Zolotoe more’ and ‘Rajskij sad’, were developed in accordance with the mutation breeding scheme that employed methods of chemical mutagenesis, with expanded selection of plants altered in their morphological characteristics, productivity and content of bioactive compounds in the first mutant generation and assessment of uniformity, distinctness and stability in the second and subsequent generations.
Ecogeographic assessment of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) from the collection of the Vavilov Institute (VIR)
Authors: Burlyaeva M. O. , Gurkina M. V. , Samsonova M. G. , Vishnyakova M. A. 
Published: April 2021

Background.Mung bean (Vigna radiata(L.) R. Wilczek) is a nontraditional crop for Russia. The crop’s main areas of cultivation are situated in the subtropical zone of the planet. However, positive experience with mung bean cultivation in a number of regions – the South of the European part and the Far East of Russia – implies the expediency of a search for source materials suitable for the development of cultivars adapted to these conditions.Materials and methods.The results of the field phenotyping of 76 mung bean landraces from VIR have been analyzed. The experiments were performed in 1949–1956 in Uzbekistan (former Central Asian Branch of VIR), and in 2009, 2018 and 2019 in Astrakhan Province, where VIR’s collection had been reproduced from the early 1990s. The data on the variability of phenological and agronomic characters and their relationships were compared for both areas and analyzed using the methods of multidimensional statistics.Results and discussion.A strong variability of all studied characters and their dependence on the environment were observed in both locations. According to the averaged longterm data, differences were found in the duration of interphase periods and the entire growing season, seed yield, plant height, and 1000 seed weight in both sites. Significant differences were shown in the strength of correlations between the studied characters. In Astrakhan Province and in the years with less favorable conditions in Uzbekistan, the level of correlations between most traits was higher. Therefore, an increase in the strength of the relationships between crop characters may be regarded as an indicator of unfavorable growing conditions. The genotypes with short periods from sprouting to flowering and from sprouting to maturation were the most resistant to environmental changes. It is these traits that should first of all be transferred to mung bean cultivars when promoting its production to the north, beyond its traditional area.
Powdery mildew resistance of barley in Southern Dagestan
Authors: Batasheva B. A. , Abdullaev R. A. , Kovaleva O. N. , Zveinek I. A. , Radchenko E. E. 
Published: April 2021

Background.The most effective way of protecting crops from diseases and pests is the breeding and cultivation of resistant varieties. The hydrothermal regime in the southern plains of Dagest an favors damage to barley plant s by the causative agent of powdery mildew. The high level of disease progress observed annually helps to reliably assess the resistance of collection accessions to the pathogen.Materials and methods.The research material included 1361 barley accessions (570 improved cultivars and 791 landraces) of different ecogeographic origin and growth habit. Field experiments were launched concurrently with winter sowing. Powdery mildew resistance was scored during the heading period and in the milk ripeness phase using a point scale. Each accession was assessed for at least three years.Results and conclusions.The results of a long-term study disclosed a significant intraspecific variability of barley collection accessions in their resistance to powdery mildew. A significant part of the studied barley accessions (63.1%) appeared susceptible to the pathogen. The occurrence frequency of disease-resistant accessions was 11.0%, while those with medium resistance reached 25.9%. Among the landraces, four resistant accessions from the Abyssinian, West Asian and Mediterranean centers of crop origin were identified. Seventeen barley varieties resistant to powdery mildew (predominantly originated from Western Europe) are recommended for use in breeding for immunity.
The effect of glutenins on grain quality as one of the complex polygenic traits in the genus Triticum (a review)
Authors: Vorotyntseva M. V. 
Published: April 2021

Evaluation of plant breeding material, based on protein markers, gives an opportunity to perform rapid and reliable selection and control the transfer of desired traits from parents to their progeny. A search for new and stable protein markers is needed to identify genotypes with high grain quality. Such storage proteins in wheat as glutenins have been studied profoundly enough. Full characterization of individual protein fractions and components can be found in many scienti fic publications, while studying genetic patterns of protein accumulation in the grain of different wheat cultivars and using high-molecular-weight (HMW) and lowmolecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits (GS) for genotype identi fication remain high in the research agenda. This is a comprehensive review of scienti fic publications about the structure and molecular organization of glutenins and a comparative analysis of 22 research papers about the degree of their effect on grain quality indicators: SDS-sedimentation volume (ml), grain/ flour protein content (%; 14% m.b.; 12,5% m.b.), mixing time (min), mixing tolerance (min; mm), bread loaf volume (cm3; ml), dough strength (10 -4 J), and P/L ratio. As a result of reviewing, the best alleles (subunits) of glutenin were identi fied, namely: Glu-A1а, Glu-B1(h, f, b), Glu-D1d, Glu-A3d, and Glu-B3d.
Assessment of potential winter hardiness in winter bread wheat cultivars and genotypes by analyzing autofluorescence in seedling tissues
Authors: Karkhardin I. V. , Konovalov A. A. , Goncharov N. P. 
Published: April 2021

Background.Winter crops are the most productive component of agricultural biocenoses. In Russia, winter wheat suffers the greatest losses in winter, so a search for traits marking high or low winter hardiness in autumn-sown genotypes, including improved cultivars, is needed to assess their potential for overwintering. One of such markers of high winter hardiness is an increased lignin content in plant tissues. The terminal enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway of metabolism, wherein lignin components are formed, is cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, EC 1.1.1.195). In plants, the CAD enzyme is one of the links in the aromatic metabolism, which generates, in addition to lignin, a number of aromatic compounds, such as lignans, aromatic glycosides, etc. Many of these compounds, like lignin, contain chromophore groups and are capable of autofluorescence.Correlations of the genotypes that incorporate CAD1-F with overwintering are studied in this work.Materials and methods.The winter bread wheat cultivars ‘Zitnica’ (Yugoslavia) and ‘Novosibirskaya 9’ (ICG SB RAS, Russia), contrasting in winter hardiness and CAD isozyme spectra, their hybrids, and 28 improved winter cultivars developed in Krasnodar were selected for the study. Fluorescence analysis of 28 winter wheat cultivars was also performed. Correlation coefficients between fluorescence and frost tolerance were calculated using the results of the analysis of 7 most contrasting cultivars.Conclusions. The tested winter bread wheat genotypes demonstrated the interplay between CAD1-F and successful overwintering: a correlation was found in the genotypes carrying the 00 CAD1-F allele with higher percentage of overwintered plants. This dependence was not observed in every season. The analysis of seedling sections for fluorescence can also be used for preliminary assessment of winter tolerance in winter bread wheat under laboratory conditions.
Prospects for the introduction of Symphytum asperuminto the Far North of the Russian Federation
Authors: Korelina V. A. , Batakova O. B. 
Published: April 2021

Background.The choice of crops with greater adaptability to the environments of the Northern Region and higher yield of dry matter per hectare, rich in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, sugars, carotene, and trace elements, would solve the problem of providing livestock with highquality feeds.Materials and methods.The object of the study was rough comfrey (Symphytum asperumLepech.). The research was carried out in the experimental field of the N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research in Kotlas from 2006 to 2019 using generally accepted techniques. The soils were sod-podzolic loams. Planting of S. asperumwas carried out with cuttings (4–5 pieces per 1 m2) in May 2006. The record plot area was 5 m2, the number of replications was three, and the arrangement of variants was regular.The nutritional value of the introduced plant was compared with that of red clover (cv. ‘Prior’) in the biochemical laboratory in a NIR SCANNER 4250 infrared analyzer, calculated for 1 kg of dry matter.Results.Successful introduction of rough comfrey (S. asperum) into the subarctic zone of the European North of Russia from its natural gene pool was assessed on the basis of a study of economically useful traits with the purpose of its possible utilization in agricultural production. This species was seen to pass through the entire cycle of ontogenesis, which is the evidence of a high degree of adaptation to the conditions of the region. The introduced species is characterized by high winter hardiness, good aftermath yield, early-spring regrowth, stable productivity, resistance to diseases and pests, and high nutritional value of the feed.
Results of studying wheatgrass (AgropyronGaertn.) accessions from the VIR global genetic resources collection in Yakutia
Authors: Koryakina V. M. , Kochegina A. A. 
Published: April 2021

With the globally changing climate, researchers seek to use plants adapted to extreme environments in breeding and genetic programs. As a forage crop, the wheatgrass from the genus AgropyronGaertn. is most suitable for such purposes.The area of temperature distribution for wheatgrass lies in the range from +42 (arid zone) to –60°C (Verkhoyansk). The use of different wheatgrass species as a crop for arid conditions is quite profoundly studied in the USA, Canada, Russia, and Kazakhstan. Genetic and breeding studies are underway in different countries. In Yakutia, with its extremely continental climate, wheatgrass has not yet been introduced as a crop, although it could play an important role in establishing a sustainable fodder reserve.The aim of the work was to study and select promising breeding source material, identifying germplasm with the best agronomic traits. As a result of a two-year study of 19 accessions of different wheatgrass species from the collection of VIR, undertaken in 2018 and 2019 in the collection nursery in Central Yakutia, plant forms were selected that exceeded the average green biomass yield for two cuts: k-52382 (wild crested wheatgrass, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan) by 43%, and k-48705 (wild-growing Kerch wheatgrass) by 40%. Besides, wild wheatgrass accession k-52382 was identified for its dry matter yield (40.2% higher than the average) and for the total green and dry matter yield for the two cuts (212.7 g/plant).Accessions k-52440 (wild Siberian wheatgrass, Stavropol Territory) and k-51330 (crested wheatgrass, Chelyabinsk Province) were selected for their high seed yield (43.5 g/m² and 41.7 g/m², respectively). The content of crude and digestible protein was the highest in k-50857 (crested wheatgrass cv. ‘Ephraim’, USA) and k-50858 (Siberian wheatgrass cv. ‘Vavilov II’, USA): 14.6% and 99 g/kg of feed, and 14.2% and 96 g/kg of feed, respectively. Winter hardiness of 12 accessions turned out to be 100%, with 80% in another 7 accessions.
Complex biochemical characteristics of Coriandrum sativumL
Authors: Khmelinskaya T. V. , Smolenskaya A. E. , Solovyeva A. E. 
Published: April 2021

Background. Coriandrum sativumL. is a valuable vegetable crop with early maturity and high nutritional benefits. Green biomass of coriander is rich in vitamins, especially ascorbic acid and carotene. The feasibility of using coriander as a natural food additive is due to its high antioxidant activity. The aim of this research was to study the biochemical composition of the green biomass in the accessions of C. sativumfrom the VIR global collection and identify promising accessions for use in breeding for quality.Materials and methods.The green biomass of 67 coriander accessions from different countries maintained in the VIR collection served as the research material. The study was carried out according to the guidelines developed by VIR.Results.As a result of the study, the feasibility of using C. sativumas a source of bioactive compounds was theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed, thus attesting to the prospects of coriander accessions from the VIR collection for quality-targeted breeding programs. New data were obtained on the biochemical composition of coriander green biomass. A factor determining such biochemical composition is the genotypic features of coriander associated with its origin. Biochemical parameters in coriander varied significantly depending on the origin of an accession. The highest variability was observed in the content of carotenes (CV 41%). The effect of an accession’s precocity was not confirmed. Sources for individual quality indicators were highlighted.Conclusion. Accessions with an optimal component composition for a balanced human diet were identified and recommended for quality-oriented breeding, including the development of cultivars for health-friendly, curative and preventive nutrition. The selected accessions are of interest as source material for breeding programs and practical utilization.
Evaluation of naked oat accessions from the VIR collection for their qualitative characteristics in Kazakhstan
Authors: Abugalieva A. I. , Loskutov I. G. , Savin T. V. , Chudinov V. A. 
Published: April 2021

Background.The grain of naked oat varieties has a unique biochemical composition (increased content of protein, starch, fat, and β-glucans) for the production of high-quality dietary food and feed. Relatively low adaptability restrains the spread of naked oat cultivars, but the demand for them has been increasing from year to year. Currently, only hulled oat cultivars are introduced into industrial cultivation in Kazakhstan, so the breeding trend aimed at the development of high-yielding naked oat cultivars may be regarded as a priority.Materials and methods. Thirty-five accessions of naked oats (Avena sativaL. subsp. nudisativa(Husnot.) Rod. et Sold.) were selected from the germplasm collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for their suitability for the conditions in Kazakhstan in terms of the growing season, drought resistance and grain productivity. The study was carried out in 2015–2017 in the fields of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production (Almaty) and the Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station (Kostanay). Grain quality of naked oats was assessed by various methods according to a set of biochemical characters: the content of protein and its fractions, starch, amylose, fat and fatty acids, and β-glucans.Results. The study of naked oat accessions from VIR in the environments of the southeastern Kazakhstan showed higher average values of protein content in grain than under the conditions in the north. As a result of the study, naked oat accessions with increased and stable indicators of the content of protein, starch, amylose, fat, individual fatty acids and β-glucans were identified for the conditions of the southeastern and northern regions of Kazakhstan. All selected accessions will be used in breeding programs of the Republic of Kazakhstan to develop high-yielding and high-quality naked oat cultivars.
Technological properties of grain and flour in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes carrying two loci that determine the endosperm structure
Authors: Simonov A. V. , Pshenichnikova T. A. 
Published: April 2021

Background.The end-use of the bread wheat grain depends on the endosperm properties determined by the alleles of the Pinaand Pinbgenes at the Halocus on chromosome 5D. The mealy (soft) endosperm is generated by the biosynthesis of puroindolines – complete proteins encoded by these genes. When milled, such grain breaks down into small starch granules covered with proteins. Mutations that disrupt the synthesis or structure of puroindolines determine the hardness and vitreousness of the grain. Earlier, we discovered a new locus for grain softness, Ha-Sp, introgressed from the diploid species Aegilops speltoidesTausch, which also determines the formation of the soft endosperm structure. By combining two active loci in one genotype, we produced a supersoft grain line (SSL). The aim of the present work was to verify the interaction of the two loci Haand HaSpin other wheat genotypes and evaluate the technological properties of grain and flour in comparison with the existing SSL line.Materials and methods.The F3–F8 hybrids from crosses of the soft-grain spring cultivars ‘Golubka’ and ‘Lutescens 62’, carriers of the Halocus, with the introgressive line 84/98w, carrier of the Ha-Splocus, were used in the work. Grain from three field seasons was studied according to milling parameters and physical properties of flour and dough.Results.At the early stages of selection (F3:4), the families with milling parameters typical of bread wheat were identified, as well as supersoft-grain families with a small flour particle size (9–10 μm) and low endosperm vitreousness (29–49%). Targeted selection made it possible to obtain lines similar to the SSL line in terms of milling performance and flour strength.Conclusion.For the first time, a set of supersoft-grain lines with special properties of grain and flour was obtained on the genetic basis of three spring cultivars. They may be in demand for a wide range of end-uses, including both food and nonfood production purposes.
Diversity of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and evaluation of genetic similarities in spring bread wheats from different breeding centers
Authors: Utebayev M. U. , Bome N. A. , Zemtsova E. C. , Kradetskaya O. O. , Chilimova I. V. 
Published: April 2021

Background.Glutenin is a storage protein in wheat seeds, important for the quality of bread prepared from wheat. Studying glutenin polymorphism can help to identify valuable genotypes and promising new breeding lines for further crossings. The aim of this study was to identify subunits of glutenin and determine alleles at the Glu-1loci in the spring bread wheat germplasm collection.Materials and methods.A panel of 54 Russian and 76 Kazakh bread wheat germplasm accessions from various breeding centers was selected. Gliadin electrophoresis was carried out in a concentrating and separating polyacrylamide gel system following the Laemmli method. Glutenin subunits were identified according to the catalogue produced by Payne and Lawrence.Results and discussion.At the Glu-A1 locus, two alleles, band c, were identified, with different frequencies of occurrence among studied wheat accessions. The Glu-A1ballele occurred more frequently than Glu-A1сin the studied germplasm from all breeding centers. Meanwhile, six alleles, а, b, c, d, fand g, were found at theGlu-B1 locus. The most frequently occurring Glu-B1с allele encoded two subunits (7+9). The third homologous gene, Glu-D1, had only two identified alleles, aand d, with various frequencies among the studied wheat accessions. Wheat germplasm of various origin had specific combinations of glutenin subunits, providing different scores of grain quality. For example, the combination of glutenin subunits, 2*, 7+9 and 5+10, provided the highest score (= 9) of grain quality. A single change in the Glu-1subunit composition, 2*, 7+9 and 2+12, caused a reduction in grain quality (= 7 score); and the combination of Null, 7and 5+10 was accompanied by the lowest (= 6) grain quality. The analysis showed that two loci, Glu-A1 and Glu-B1, induced significant differences between wheat accessions originated from Tyumen and Chelyabinsk, while the accessions from Chelyabinsk and East Kazakhstan differed significantly at the Glu-A1and Glu-D1loci.