bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF THE STATE AND SOCIETY IN CONDUCTING YOUTH POLICY: EXPERIENCE OF POLITICAL INTERACTION
Authors: Гончарова Н. А. , Сурова Е. А. 
Published: June 2021

В статье рассматриваются формы и модели взаимодействия государства и общественных объединений, получившие широкое распространение в мировой политической практике. Рассмотрены возрастные критерии, соотносимые с возрастом молодежи в практике различных государственных подходов; традиции взаимодействия с молодежью в европейских государствах и в Соединенных Штатах Америки; опыт решения проблем молодежи как социальной группы. Выявлены объекты, субъекты, цели молодежной политики с точки зрения разных подходов к осуществлению молодежной политики в Европе и в США. Раскрыты проблемы, встающие на пути субъектов молодежной политики в процессе ее разработки и реализации. В свете изложенных подходов к молодежной политике, политика Российской Федерации имеет ряд особенностей, одной из которых является понимание взаимосвязи духовно-нравственных и социально-экономических проблем.
The article examines the forms and models of interaction between the state and public associations, which are widespread in world political practice. The age criteria, correlated with the age of young people in the practice of various state approaches; traditions of interaction with youth in European states and in the United States of America; experience in solving problems of young people as a social group. The objects, subjects, goals of youth policy have been identified from the point of view of different approaches to the implementation of youth policy in Europe and the United States. The problems that stand in the way of the subjects of youth policy in the process of its development and implementation are revealed. In the light of the outlined approaches to youth policy, the policy of the Russian Federation has a number of features, one of which is the understanding of the relationship between spiritual, moral and socio- economic problems.
EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES IN THE FIELD OF INCREASINGTHE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF RUSSIAFOR A 10 YEAR PERIOD (FROM 2010 TO 2019)
Authors: Дзюба А. П. 
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена оценке результатов реализации мер по энергосбережению и повышению энергетической эффективности экономики России, производимых за период последнего десятилетия с 2010 по 2019 годы. Автором проводится эмпирический анализ данных потребления электрической энергии в России за период с 1990 по 2019 годы, с углубленным анализом характеристик изменения потребления электроэнергии с 2010 по 2019 годы, по отношению к уровню базового 2017 года. Автором проводится анализ фактических и плановых данных показателей электроемкости и энергоёмкости ВВП России за период с 2010 по 2019 годы, с выявлением значительного отставания фактических характеристик уровня эффективности от запланированных в рамках нормативных актов, утвержденных Правительством РФ. В материалах проводится анализ динамики и направлений фактического расхода электроэнергии и тепловой энергии на единицу отдельных видов произведенной продукции и услуг в России за период 2012-2019 годов. Проведен анализ доли затрат на конечное потребление энергетических ресурсов экономикой России в ВВП в текущих ценах за период 2012-2015 годов, а также распределение затрат на энергоресурсы по их видам и структуре основных потребителей.
The article is devoted to the assessment of the results of the implementation of measures to save energy and increase the energy efficiency of the Russian economy produced over the period of the last decade from 2010 to 2019. The author conducts an empirical analysis of data on electricity consumption in Russia for the period from 1990 to 2019, with an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of changes in electricity consumption from 2010 to 2019, in relation to the level of the base year 2017. The author analyzes the actual and planned data on the indicators of electrical intensity and energy intensity of Russia’s GDP for the period from 2010 to 2019, revealing a significant lag in the actual characteristics of the level of efficiency from those planned within the framework of regulations approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. The materials analyze the dynamics and directions of the actual consumption of electricity and heat energy per unit of certain types of products and services produced in Russia for the period 2012-2019. The analysis of the share of costs for the final consumption of energy resources by the Russian economy in GDP in current prices for the period 2012-2015, as well as the distribution of costs for energy resources by their types and structure of main consumers.
THE SANDF AS A HUMAN SECURITY INSTRUMENT POST-1994
Authors: Mongwaketse Thuso Benton 
Published: June 2021

South Africa adopted a human security orientation at the start of its democratic epoch in 1994, but its operationalisation by the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) proved difficult to implement. Human security is an approach to security which prioritises the protection of the people over security of the state. One of its central tenets is that security is best achieved through development as opposed to arms. Against this backdrop, the principal objective of this article is to critically analyse and understand South Africa's official human security orientation. Two indicators, the functions performed by the SANDF as well as South Africa's strategic defence posture, were assessed to achieve the objective. The securitisation model associated with Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver was used as a theoretical framework to understand South Africa's official conception and utilisation of human security. It was found that the SANDF's operational functioning was compromised by having to perform its primary responsibilities along with secondary developmental tasks demanded by the broad mandate of human security. Furthermore, while South Africa lexically took human security and state security to be equally important, in practice the SANDF tended to prioritise state security ahead of human security both at home and abroad. Some analysts detected lack of strategic coherence in South Africa's security engagements in Africa while ignoring extensive efforts of the SANDF to bring peace, and not destabilisation, on the continent as part of the strategic defence posture. Ultimately, this article argues that the competency with which the SANDF ensures Strategic Review for Southern Africa, Vol 38, No 2 Thuso Benton Mongwaketse 29 state security must be cascaded down to the human level by taking up more secondary functions with some provisos. Alignment of defence policy and adequate resources as well as the involvement of the people will be indispensable towards realisation of true human security.
El mundo de la cibercultura y la pedagogía en la educación socioafectiva
Authors: Ortiz Luz Marilyn , Ramírez Astrid , Arboleda Julio Cesar 
Published: June 2021

El propósito de esta comunicación es reflexionar de manera crítica y generativa en la necesidad de asumir y optimizar los saberes tanto de estudiantes como de profesores en el contexto cibercultural actual, los cuales conducen a responder asertivamente a las múltiples exigencias de cara a la educación concentrada en los mass-media en contexto de pandemia.
El contexto de pandemia que estamos viviendo en la actualidad no solamente está transformando las relaciones humanas y afectivas sino un pilar tan importante como es la educación, lo que implica la búsqueda y generación de respuestas a tan inesperado hecho. Por ello, en esta comunicación se contemplan algunas reflexiones desde los procesos de pensamiento cognitivo y complejo, así como desde la perspectiva comprensivo edificadora de la pedagogía, con lo que se establece propositivamente el mecanismo y estrategias pedagógicas que vayan más allá de lo presencial con el propósito de atravesar estas imposiciones mediáticas para generar otros medios de construcción, de deconstrucción y de alcances educativos y emocionales frente a los nuevos espacios ciberculturales que exigen la flexibilización y reorientación de los procesos curriculares tradicionales. Pues, de acuerdo con Serres, (2012)
“este cambio tan decisivo de la enseñanza —cambio que repercute poco a poco sobre el espacio entero de la sociedad mundial y el conjunto de sus obsoletas instituciones, cambio que no solo toca, y de lejos, a la enseñanza solamente, sino también sin duda al trabajo, las empresas, la salud, el derecho, la política y, en suma, el conjunto de nuestras instituciones— sentimos que tenemos una necesidad urgente de hacerlo, pero todavía estamos lejos”. (pág. 11).
Apreciaciones que, sin duda, conducen a responder a las actuales exigencias del papel que juega la academia y la sociedad en los nuevos escenarios físicos y virtuales en los que hoy transcurren los aprendizajes.
Cultura tributaria: lineamientos para la comnpensación de saldos a favor de los contribuyentes
Authors: Barros Bayona Luz Mary , Hernández Igirio René Segundo , Martínez González Víctor Hugo , Ochoa Triana Carlos Andrés 
Published: June 2021

En el sector tributario colombiano se contempla la verificación de las retenciones o pago en exceso que permite generar saldo a favor del contribuyente, lo que se considera relevante para la creación de una cultura tributaria que permita educar a la ciudadanía ante el comportamiento de sus aportes fiscales obligatorios, dando un interesante giro para evitar la evasión de impuestos, pues al conocer de forma transparente hacia dónde va el dinero y cómo lo ocupa el Estado en beneficios sociales, se ve retribuido a manera de inversión social. Este trabajo refleja la necesidad imperativa de presentar la importancia de la cultura tributaria y dar a conocer lineamientos para la compensación de saldos a favor del contribuyente.
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA MATERI GAYA DAN GERAK MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE SCRIPT PADA SISWA KELAS VI SDN 3 DEMUNG
Authors: Rasidi Akhmad 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah model pembelajaran Cooperative Script dapat meningkatkan aktifitas belajar dan meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VI SDN 3 Demung Kecamatan Besuki Kabupaten Situbondo pada mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) Mengetahui model pembelajaran Cooperative Script dalam meningkatkan aktifitas belajar. am, (2)Mengetahui model pembelajaran Cooperative Script dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah PTK dengan dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu : perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VI SDN 3 Demung Kecamatan Besuki Kabupaten Situbondo tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Data yang diperoleh berupa lembar observasi aktivitas siswa dan hasil tes dalam setiap siklus.Dari hasil analis didapatkan bahwa aktifitas dan prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sampai II. Pada siklus I persentase aktifitas siswa sebesar 72.73% dengan kategori cukup aktif, dan pada siklus II mencapai 86.36% dengan kategori aktif. Sedangkan prestasi belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan. Pada siklus I diperoleh persentase secara klasikal sebesar 72.73% (tidak tuntas), dan pada siklus II mencapai 100% (tuntas). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran Cooperative Script dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VI SDN 3 Demung Kecamatan Besuki Kabupaten Situbondo, serta model pembelajaran ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternative pembelajaran IPA.
Peripersonal and reaching space differ: Evidence from their spatial extent and multisensory facilitation pattern
Authors: Zanini A. , Patané I. , Blini E. , Salemme R. , Koun E. , Farnè A. , Brozzoli C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeripersonal space (PPS) is a multisensory representation of the space near body parts facilitating interactions with the close environment. Studies on non-human and human primates agree in showing that PPS is a body part-centered representation that guides actions. Because of these characteristics, growing confusion surrounds peripersonal and arm-reaching space (ARS), that is the space one’s arm can reach. Despite neuroanatomical evidence favoring their distinction, no study has contrasted directly their respective extent and behavioral features. Here, in five experiments (N = 140) we found that PPS differs from ARS, as evidenced both by participants’ spatial and temporal performance and by its modeling. We mapped PPS and ARS using both their respective gold standard tasks and a novel multisensory facilitation paradigm. Results show that: (1) PPS is smaller than ARS; (2) multivariate analyses of spatial patterns of multisensory facilitation predict participants’ hand locations within ARS; and (3) the multisensory facilitation map shifts isomorphically following hand positions, revealing hand-centered coding of PPS, therefore pointing to a functional similarity to the receptive fields of monkeys’ multisensory neurons. A control experiment further corroborated these results and additionally ruled out the orienting of attention as the driving mechanism for the increased multisensory facilitation near the hand. In sharp contrast, ARS mapping results in a larger spatial extent, with undistinguishable patterns across hand positions, cross-validating the conclusion that PPS and ARS are distinct spatial representations. These findings show a need for refinement of theoretical models of PPS, which is relevant to constructs as diverse as self-representation, social interpersonal distance, and motor control.
Fire dynamics in the attics
Authors: Полищук Евгений Юрьевич 
Published: June 2021

Произведена экспериментальная оценка развития пожаров в объеме чердачных помещений в зависимости от типа кровельного покрытия. По результатам исследования отмечается, что применение кровли из горючих материалов способствует более быстрому образованию сквозных прогаров и выходу пламени за пределы помещения, в то время как в случае использования сплошных настилов из негорючих материалов горение в течение длительного времени развивается в объеме, а после появления общей вспышки быстро распространяется от очага в объеме. Представлены рекомендации по осуществлению мероприятий в области обеспечения требований Федерального закона в части ограничений последствий пожара.
The article presents the results of an experimental assessment of fire development dynamics in the volume of attics, depending on the type of roofing. According to the results of the study, it is noted that the use of a roof made of combustible materials contributes to the faster formation of through burnouts and the exit of the flame outside the room, when solid decking made of non-combustible materials is used, fire develops for a long time in the volume, and after the formation of a general flash it quickly spreads from the hearth all over the volume. Open fire time over a roof made of combustible materials is more than twice less than when testing a roof with a solid flooring made of non-combustible materials and makes 5.5 minutes, compared to 13.5 minutes. In a real fire with a large amount of fire load in the volume of the attic the temporary gap may be sufficient to ensure that the fire, in the absence or failure of the fire detection system, covers the entire construction volume before it is detected by random witnesses and information about it is received by the fire department. When using a roof system made of combustible materials, it is noted that despite the high rate of initial fire development, the dynamics of subsequent fire propagation in the roof volume is lower, even in the absence of fire-resistant treatment of wooden structures. Based on the results of the study there are presented recommendations for the implementation of measures to meet the requirements of the Federal Law No. 123-FZ dated 22.07.2008 “Technical Regulations on Fire safety requirements” in terms of limiting the fire consequences.
Thermal Wave Instability as an Origin of Gap and Ring Structures in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Ueda Takahiro , Flock Mario , Birnstiel Tilman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recent millimeter and infrared observations have shown that gap- and ring-like structures are common in both dust thermal emission and scattered light of protoplanetary disks. We investigate the impact of the so-called thermal wave instability (TWI) on the millimeter and infrared scattered light images of disks. We perform 1+1D simulations of the TWI and confirm that the TWI operates when the disk is optically thick enough for stellar light, i.e., small-grain-to-gas mass ratio of ≳0.0001. The midplane temperature varies as the waves propagate, and hence gap and ring structures can be seen in both millimeter and infrared emission. The millimeter substructures can be observed even if the disk is fully optically thick since it is induced by the temperature variation, while density-induced substructures would disappear in the optically thick regime. The fractional separation between TWI-induced ring and gap is Δr/r ∼ 0.2–0.4 at ∼10–50 au, which is comparable to those found by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Due to the temperature variation, snow lines of volatile species move radially and multiple snow lines are observed even for a single species. The wave propagation velocity is as fast as ∼0.6 au yr−1, which can be potentially detected with a multiepoch observation with a time separation of a few years.
Lateral Ankle Sprain and Subsequent Ankle Sprain Risk: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wikstrom Erik A. , Cain Mary Spencer , Chandran Avinash , Song Kyeongtak , Regan Tasha , Migel Kimmery , Kerr Zachary Y. 
Published: June 2021

Objective
To evaluate the evidence regarding the association between lateral ankle sprain (LAS) history and the subsequent LAS risk, as well as sex differences in the observed associations.

Data Sources
PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched through July 2020 for articles on LAS history and incidence during the study period.

Study Selection
Studies were included if they were prospective in nature and the authors reported the number of participants with and those without a history of LAS at study initiation as well as the number of participants in each group who sustained an LAS during the investigation.

Data Extraction
Data were study design parameters as well as the number of participants with and those without an LAS history and the number of subsequent LASs that occurred in both groups. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs compared the risk of LAS during the study period between those with and those without an LAS history for each investigation.

Data Synthesis
A total of 19 studies involving 6567 patients were included. The follow-up periods ranged from 14 weeks to 2 years. Assessment scores indicated the studies were of moderate to high quality. A significantly higher risk of LAS during the study period was observed among those with a history of LAS in 10 of 15 studies (RR range = 1.29–6.06). Similar associations were seen in 4 of 6 studies of all-male samples (RR range = 1.38–8.65) and 1 of 4 studies with an all-female sample (RR = 4.28).

Conclusions
Strong evidence indicates that a previous LAS increased the risk of a subsequent LAS injury. Men with a history of LAS appeared to be at a higher risk of sustaining a subsequent LAS, but women were not. However, further data are needed to draw definitive conclusions from the limited number of sex-specific studies.
FIRE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AMONG STUDENTS IN KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGES IN EASTERN KENYA
Authors: Kishoyian Gabriel , Kioko Justus , Muindi Emma 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The major objective of the study was to determine the status of fire preparedness among students at Kenya Medical Training College.
Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The study populations were 1st and 4th year students in Machakos and Embu KMTCs. A sample size of 336 students was selected randomly in both campuses while stratified random sampling technique was used to sample students from departments and classes in each College. Data was collected using pre-tested questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. All the data collected was entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and analysis done using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: Students were aware of the types of disasters which could affect them while in the college with 181 (54%) of the respondents knew the possible fire risk sources in the rooms. Majority 218 (64.9%) did not know the college fire safety policy guidelines, while (72%) stated that they were vulnerable to fire disaster. Majority 329(98%) said fire drills as safety measures were never practiced in these colleges. There was no significant association between students’ age, gender, religion, and year of study and fire disaster preparedness (p>0.05).
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: There is need for the institutional fire policy to ensure students are trained of students on fire safety after admission. The data generated can be used by KMTC management through conducting periodic fire drills to keep students well prepared on fire preparedness and post their telephone numbers for the nearest firefighting equipment on the college notice boards, classrooms and in hostels
O papel do SEBRAE na Disseminação da Educação Empreendedora na região Noroeste de Minas Gerais
Authors: Alves Amanda Caroline Faria , Campos Gevair 
Published: June 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar o papel do Programa de Educação Empreendedora do Sebrae, bem como seus pontos positivos, ressaltando a necessidade da ascensão desse tipo de educação para o crescimento econômico, social e sustentável. Essa pesquisa foi delimitada na Regional Noroeste de Minas, através da análise do Radar da Educação Empreendedora para Instituições de Ensino, uma ferramenta com atributos que permite apurar o grau de implementação do Programa, sendo assim foram disponibilizadas três devolutivas de escolas das cidades de Arinos, Paracatu e Unaí dos três tipos de graus de implementação, sendo eles alto, médio e baixo com o intuito de se analisar os diferentes tipos. A pesquisa e classificada bibliográfica, de abordagem qualitativa, com finalidade explicativa e de instrumento documental. Os dados foram analisados através da análise de conteúdo. A relevância dos resultados está nas ações de cada dimensão formando o ecossistema de Educação Empreendedora e o engajamento de todos. Na dimensão atores evidencia a importância do papel do professor, como um dos principais agentes de transformação. Ressalta também a participação da escola como apoiadora, sustentadora e incentivadora desse programa. Os recursos e estruturas também influenciam diretamente a implementação do ecossistema empreendedor nas escolas. O Sebrae na capacitação dos agentes envolvidos no programa, exerce seu papel como agente de transformação, na disseminação da Cultura Empreendedora e seus resultados positivos, ressaltando os caminhos para a manutenção do programa.