bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the smallest singular value in the class of unit lower triangular matrices with entries in [−a, a]
Authors: Altınışık Ercan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Given a real number a ≥ 1, let Kn
(a) be the set of all n × n unit lower triangular matrices with each element in the interval [−a, a]. Denoting by λn
(·) the smallest eigenvalue of a given matrix, let cn
(a) = min {λ
n
(YYT
) : Y ∈ Kn
(a)}. Then

c

n

(
a
)

\sqrt {{c_n}\left( a \right)}

is the smallest singular value in Kn
(a). We find all minimizing matrices. Moreover, we study the asymptotic behavior of cn
(a) as n → ∞. Finally, replacing [−a, a] with [a, b], a ≤ 0 < b, we present an open question: Can our results be generalized in this extension?
Quantification of Calcium Oxychloride by Differential Scanning Calorimetry: Validation and Optimization of the Testing Procedure
Authors: Montanari Luca , Tanesi Jussara , Kim Haejin , Ardani Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) T 365 standard, Standard Method of Test for Quantifying Calcium Oxychloride Formation Potential of Cementitious Pastes Exposed to Deicing Salts, describes a test methodology that uses low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (LTDSC) to quantify the formation of calcium oxychloride in cementitious systems exposed to concentrated calcium chloride solutions. AASHTO T 365 is included in AASHTO PP 84, Standard Practice for Developing Performance Engineered Concrete Pavement Mixtures, as a performance indicator for mixtures at risk of calcium oxychloride formation. During the test, the sample temperature is first dropped to −90°C, looped through a brief thermal cycle, then slowly increased to a maximum of 50°C, at a constant heating rate of 0.25°C/minute (min), for a total testing time of approximately 11 hours. The objective of this work is to modify the test to reduce its duration to facilitate wide adoption among practitioners. It is found that by increasing the minimum conditioning temperature from −90°C to −5°C, as well as by increasing the heating rate from 0.25°C/min up to 1°C/min, the test duration can be reduced from approximately 10.7 hours to approximately 1.6 hours without any statistically significant difference in the numerical test results, although an offset of the melting peak and a change in its shape were observed. This change can provide valuable savings in terms of time and energy/gas consumption and make AASHTO T 365 more competitive with other available tests for the estimation of calcium oxychloride formation, such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA and LTDSC are compared to each other in terms of mixture classification for susceptibility to calcium oxychloride formation. It is shown that the two tests show good agreement, with 85 % of cases (out of 30 tested) receiving the same classification.
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) From Tenggiri Fish Bones As Abrasive Material In Toothpaste Formula
Authors: Anggresani Lia , Sari Yoli Nopita , Rahmadevi Rahmadevi 
Published: June 2021

Cavities are one of the factors of dental and oral health problems that can be prevented by brushing teeth using toothpaste. Toothpaste can be made from a variety of chemicals, one of which is hydroxyapatite (HAp) which has good biocompatible properties. Hydroxyapatite can be obtained by utilizing tenggiri fish bone waste which has the main element of calcium. Fish bones soaked with NaOH and acetone are then calcined at 800 °C for 3 hours to obtain CaO powder and characterized its elemental content using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). CaO obtained was then reacted with (NH4)2HPO4 with a mole ratio of Ca/P 1.67 then heated at 90 °C, added NaOH up to pH 12, then the obtained deposits are filtered and calcined at 900 °C. The solids obtained from the calcination are then characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was formulated into toothpaste with the concentrations of 0% (F0), 45% (F1), 50% (F2), and 55% (F3). Toothpaste was evaluated using organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, foam height tests, spreadability tests, pH and hedonic tests. XRD analysis shows that the resulting hydroxyapatite (HAp) has a crystal structure in accordance with ICSD standard No. 96-900-3549. SEM analysis showed that granular particles measuring 0.1 μm–0.3 μm in size. All formulated toothpastes (F0, F1, F2, and F3) meet the requirements of a good toothpaste. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) can be formulated into a good toothpaste with a concentration of 45%.
Growth parameters in children with atopic dermatitis in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Authors: Hamid Ahang Mohammed , Qurtas Dindar Sharif 
Published: June 2021

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. A disturbed sleep pattern, frequent potent topical and sometimes systemic corticosteroid use, and diet restriction, all of which could affect child's growth.Objective: This study determined height and weight impairment in children with atopic dermatitis.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study took children with atopic dermatitis â‰¤18 years, which was conducted in the "Erbil Dermatology Teaching Center." The patients' data included sociodemographic information, family history, drug history, and present complaints. The severity of the disease evaluated using SCORAD score. The weight was recorded using a medical electronic weighing machine, and standing height was recorded using a stadiometer. Â Results: Among 100 children with atopic dermatitis, their mean of age was 6.84Â±1.8 years.Â Males and Females frequencies were 54 and 46, respectively. The family history of atopic dermatitis was positive in 73%. Generally disturbed sleep pattern was dominant, and almost all severe AD patients had disturbed sleep (87.5%). The severity of AD was classified by SCORAD score to mild (23%), moderate (69%), and severe (8%). Patients having their growth percentile for weight and height for age below 3rd percentile were 10% and 3%, respectively. Patients' weight and height for age below 25th percentile were 15% and 9%, respectively.Conclusions: Atopic dermatitis can affect the height and weight of the children inversely. The study sample's most dominant character was sleep pattern disturbances, which can affect both weight and height.
Development of KET-U-T phenomenon to assess comprehensive care, support, and treatment in people living with HIV
Authors: Suryana Ketut 
Published: June 2021

Background: Â Negative psychological responses related to HIV seropositivity status disclosure are prevalent and often remain unattended. We proposed a comprehensive care delivery method with biopsychosocial approach (comprehensive care, support, and treatment [C-CST]) along with an instrument (KET-U-T phenomenon) to assess its efficacy.Methods:Â A total of 200 individuals HIV positive were consecutively enrolled in this study and equally distributed into pre- and post-C-CST groups. All participants were structurally interviewed to assess HIV-related information level, family support, and KET-U-T phenomenon (K=disappointment, E=emotion/anger, T=denial, U=effort, T=acceptance).Â Appropriate statistical analyses were done to determine the effect of C-CST on the KET-U-T phenomenon.Results: Post test counselling for 100 individuals pre-C- CST, demonstrated HIV-related information level (68%) and family support (78%) inadequacy, with respective proportion of KET-U-T phenomenon components of; K: 43.0%, E: 12%, T: 30%, U: 100%, T: 15%. Significant improvement post C-CST observed in reduction of HIV-related information level (26%) and family support (38%) inadequacy, with respective proportion of KET-U-T phenomenon components of; K: 18%, E: 2%, T: 5%, U: 100%, T: 75% (p=0.000).Conclusions: Comprehensive care, support, and treatment yielded significant improvement in negative psychological adaptation and seropositive status acceptance in PLWH as observed with the KET-U-T phenomenon.
Assessment of lipid profile among patients with seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Abdulrahman Barez Burhan , Elethawi Ali Muzan Dhahir , Abdullah Hadi Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

Background: Although the complicated interplay of Malassezia, keratinocytes and the immune response against a modified lipid composition in the skin have a vital role in the pathogenesis of Seborrheic Dermatitis (SD), the pathophysiology itself is still inadequately understood.Â The association of SD with metabolic syndrome like dyslipidemia can be explained by inflammation in both conditions' pathogenesis. The present study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between the lipid profile abnormality and the SD.Â Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Dermatology teaching center in Sulaimani, Iraq, from 1/9/2019 to 1/3/2020. This study used a structured data collection format comprised of items concentrating on socio-demographic characteristics, duration of the disease, level of SD, the severity of SD, and lipid profile. The data were analyzed by STATA 14 statistical software and summarized in tables and figures. The Chi-square test was done to detect the association between categorical variables. P-value <0.05 was significant.Results: A total of 100 patients with seborrheic dermatitis with the average age of patients was 37.5 Â±13.06 years, and 61 were females. The mean fasting total cholesterol (219.72 mg/dl vs.114.83 mg/dl), LDL-C (123.92 mg/dl vs. 85.08 mg/dl) and triglycerides (170.38 mg/dl vs.102.17 mg/dl) levels were higher for the high-level cases than the normal level cases.Â The HDL-C level (31.06 mg/dl vs. 38.94 mg/dl) of the high-level patients was lower than normal patients. Age, total cholesterol level, LDL-C, triglycerides, and HDL-C had a statistically significant association with the disease's level and severity. The duration of the disease had a statistically significant association with only the level of disease.Conclusion: Lipid profile has a statistically significant association with the level and severity of SD. Finally, we recommend a large observational study to depict the causal relationship between serum lipid abnormality and SD.
Quickert procedure for involutional lower eyelid entropion: a multi-centre study
Authors: Lubis Rodiah Rahmawaty , Sari Novie Diana , Hutasoit Herna 
Published: June 2021

Background: Involutional entropion is the inward turning of the eyelid margin and commonly happens in the inferior eyelids in elderly people. The prevalence is as high as 2.1% in people â‰¥ 60 years old and more common in women than men. This condition may cause ocular surface irritation and discomfort secondary to contact between cilia and the ocular surface. Several etiological factors are suspected to be important causes of involutional entropion. One of them was horizontal eyelid laxity. Quickert Procedure is one of the surgical interventions recommended to correct involutional lower eyelid entropion in the elderly Asian population with 0% of recurrent entropion in a recent study by Miyamoto et al.Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study of 16 involutional lower eyelid entropion patients (18 eyelids) that needed surgical correction. Â About ten males and six females were undergone Quickert procedure to correct the involutional entropion. Patients were assessed postoperatively for 24 months to evaluate the recurrence entropion, cosmetic, and functional improvement. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: This study included 16 patients, with mean age was 69.8 years old which range from 62-85 years old. They consisted of 9 (56.0%) patients were male, and the rest was female (44.0%). Eleven (61.0%) patients were with left eye laterality, and 10 (63.0%) patients found without anticoagulant consumption. All patients (100.0%) had positive snapback test and achieved >6 mm in distraction test. After surgical intervention, no patients (0.0%) were found to experience recurrence of involutional entropion nor ocular discomfort due to prior surgery.Conclusion: A detailed assessment of the etiology, accurate preoperative evaluation, and precision in addressing patients underlying eyelid anatomic abnormalities are needed in the selection of appropriate surgical procedures to correct entropion.
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy management in the COVID-19 pandemic era: a case report
Authors: Winata I Gde Sastra , Supono Anton 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. COVID-19 protocol and the unavailability of proper instruments in the isolation room had complicated the usual protocol to diagnose and manage the medical and surgical conditions. Â This article is about the first ruptured ectopic pregnancy cases encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sanglah General Hospital. Considering the unique circumstances and the difficulty during establishing the diagnosis and conducting the management, we ought to present our experience through this article.Case Description. This case report reviews a 24-years-old female, an asymptomatic COVID-19 case, who was diagnosed with ruptured ectopic pregnancy during appendectomy surgery in Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia. The patient complained about mild lower right abdominal pain, with a clinical picture that supports acute appendicitis. However, the history taking revealed a history of post-curettage 15 days prior to admission due to vaginal bleeding suspected for incomplete abortion. Except for a positive pregnancy test, the clinical picture did not support a pregnancy nor a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. We still consider an ectopic pregnancy as no histopathological examination result was available to supports the previous vaginal bleeding was an intrauterine pregnancy. Further to complicate the problem, the patient was reactive for the COVID-19 screening test, thus requiring a COVID-19 protocol. As an ultrasound device was unavailable at the time in the isolation room, we could not assess for extrauterine pregnancy. Only during the surgical procedure for appendectomy, our surgical college notified us of the accompanying presence of sign of ruptured right ampullary pregnancy.Conclusion. The COVID-19 isolation protocol and the unavailability of essential equipment and diagnostic tools in the isolation room could hinder the usual protocol used to diagnose and manage various medical and surgical problems. We hope this article could illustrate how COVID-19 had complicated unusual cases, thus reflect how important clinical judgment and infrastructure in our health care system.
Correlation between body mass index with striae in female adolescent
Authors: Putra Imam Budi , Jusuf Nelva K. , Aryunisari Chyntia Giska 
Published: June 2021

Background:Â StriaeÂ has been reportedÂ as a skin problem often experienced by a woman and becomes an aesthetic problem. This skin problem can occur at any age, including adolescents, even though it is more common in younger women. Some conditionsÂ increase the risk of striae, such as weight, pregnancy, puberty, and hormonal drugs. Women with higher body mass index (BMI) tend to have more striae. With a limited study on striae, it is quite interesting to evaluate the high incidence of striae in the population.Patients and Methods:Â This was a cross-sectional study using a total sampling method. The studyÂ was conductedÂ after approval from the Ethics Committee Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Samples are 155Â female studentsÂ aged 18-25 years oldÂ from the Medical Faculty of UniversitasÂ SumateraÂ Utara. All samples were physically examined to diagnose the striae, and the BMI was calculated.Â All the collected data were analyzed statistically with ETA statistical tests to see the relationship between BMI and striae. P-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.Results:Â The dominant age of the subject is 19 years old (62.5%), followed by 20 years old (30.3%), 21 years old (3.8%), and 18 and 23 years old (0.6%). Out of 155 subjects, there are 117 have striae (75.5%). None of the striae subjects is underweight, normal weight was 113, 3 obese and one overweight. The 38 subjects without striae are in normal BMI. An analysis using ETA proved that BMI is not significantly associated with striae (p>0.05).Conclusion:Â There is no significant relationship between BMI and striae.
Seizure free status as a good predictor for quality of life of temporal lobe epilepsy patients after amygdalohippocampectomy
Authors: Arifin Muhamad Thohar , Ashari Ashari , Brilliantika Surya Pratama , Bunyamin Jacob , Hardian Hardian , Brotoarianto Happy Kurnia , Fitrikasari Alifiati , Muttaqin Zainal 
Published: June 2021

Background: Â The aim of epilepsy surgery is to improve the quality of life of people with epilepsy. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of intractable epilepsy with a risk of low quality of life due to uncontrolled seizures. In this study, we evaluated the quality of life among TLE patients who underwent amygdalohippocampectomy between those who were free from seizure and those who were not.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. The postoperative quality of life was measured by QOLIE-31 questionnaire followed-up at least 12 months since the surgery.Â Results: Among 31 patients, 21 patients (67.7%) were free from seizures after 12 months of follow-up. We observed significantly higher quality of life of those seizure-free patients either as overall quality of life (p=0.001) or among domains such as seizure anxiety (p=0.003), emotional well-being (p<0.001), fatigue (p<0.001), cognition (p=0.002), medication effects (p=0.01) and social function (p<0.001).Conclusion: Â TLE patients who were seizure-free had better quality of life compared to those who were not after amygdalohippocampectomy.
Recent updates of sperm cryopreservation technique: a literature review
Authors: Hinting Aucky , Agustinus Agustinus 
Published: June 2021

Background:Â Nowadays, the decline in male fertility is a significant concern due to the mechanical, systems disturbances, genetic, diet, lifestyle, and environment. Currently, no strategies for medical protection of the germinal epithelium are available. Sperm cryopreservation technique has been established to overcome those issues. Accordingly, this study aims to informed the recent updates of sperm cryopreservation technique from kinds of literature.Â Methods:Â A review of relevant literature was performed to elaborate the recent updates in the sperm cryopreservation technique. A total of 45 qualified published literature of all years until 2019 were collected from several electronic database and manual search and included in this review.Results:Â According to the literature, the first record of sperm cryopreservation was made by Lazzaro Spallanzani in 1776. He used to snow during winter and observed that the motility of human spermatozoa could be preserved after freezing and thawing. Sperm cryopreservation programs provide temporarily or permanently infertile men an opportunity to seek paternity.Â Sperm cryopreservationÂ is the most effective and the most strongly recommended option for fertility preservationÂ prior toÂ any treatment orÂ occupational gonadotoxic exposures.Â Sperm cryopreservation should be discussed and offered prior to therapy for malignant diseases. Freezing sperm before the initiation of treatment provides patients with future fertility potential.Conclusion:Â Sperm cryopreservation could be offered to the patient before the vasectomy procedure in order to prevent reversal vasectomy or surgical sperm retrieval in the future.Â
Virtual Sensors in the Fault Diagnosis Problem
Authors: Zhirabok A. N. , Kim Chkhun Ir 
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to the problem of fault diagnosis (isolation and identification) in linear dynamic systems under disturbances. The performances of fault diagnosis depend on the sensors which are in the system under diagnosis. To improve the performances, additional sensors can be applied. But sometimes it is impossible to use such sensors; besides they have low reliability. In this paper, we suggest to use so-called virtual sensors instead of additional ones. To obtain such sensors,Luenberger observers can be used. Such an observer is designed in two steps. On the first step, the model of minimal dimension invariant with respect to the disturbances and estimating a predetermined component of the system state vector and some other components of the system state vector is designed. The second components are necessary to provide stability of the observer by means of generating residual and using feedback. Such components are determined during t he process of the problem solution which is based on the canonical form of matrices describing the model. On the second step, the feedback matrix is found based on the required quality of transient. To obtain this matrix, eigenvalues are selected and coefficients of the characteristic equation are calculated. The rule to find the predetermined component of the system state vector to be estimated by vir tual obser ver is suggested. Theoretical results are illustrated by practical example of well known three tank system.
Software Quality Prediction Method Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Et. al. Ritu, 
Published: June 2021

: Software Quality is the key priority of today’s marketplace and software development organization to which a system, technique, or factor meets particular requirements and conditions. Soft computing techniques play a vital role in developing software engineering applications. In this paper, we have identified five parameters: Reliability, Efficiency, Usability, Maintainability, and Portability for accessing the level of quality of software. A fuzzy logic-based intelligent identification methodology has been proposed to access the quality of particular software-based on five parameters. The proposed identification scheme takes these five parameters as input and predicts the quality of the software using the fuzzy rule base which is generated using various studies. As this scheme takes five inputs and each input is divided into three regions i.e. ‘Low’, ‘Medium’, ‘High’ and thus a total of 35 i.e. 243 rules has been generated to analyze the software quality. Furthermore, Mamdani fuzzy model has been used as the reference model. To show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, simulation results have been performed in MATLAB, which shows that the software's quality closely matches with the actual one.
Transvaginal ultrasound for cervical assessment versus digital vaginal examination during active phase of labour
Authors: Hefila Nermeen Mohamed , Elfazari Hisham Adel 
Published: June 2021

Background: Ultrasound is found to have many uses in obstetrics. As the transvaginal ultrasound is used to examine the cervix in non-pregnant cases, it’s also can be used in pregnant cases to detect any cervical changes early in pregnancy, in cases of cervical incompetence, or late in pregnancy in labour to detect progression of cervical changes. Vaginal birth occasionally requires urgent medical intervention to avoid harm to the labouring woman and her baby. Intrapartum ultrasound is a simple technique that improves the understanding of abnormal labour and provides a more scientific basis for assessing labour. In this study, two hundred pregnant women, full term, non-complicated, single tone, cephalic presentation, active stage of labour, attending El-Shatby Maternity University Hospital labour ward were recruited for this study.Methods: Intrapartum transvaginal ultrasound is done by the obstetrician followed immediately by digital examination done by a second obstetrician in charge to avoid bias.Results: The results revealed that comparison between mean cervical length measurements assessed by TVUS and digitally revealed statistically significant difference with p<0.001. Also, comparison between mean cervical diameter measurements assessed by TVUS and digitally reveals statistically significant difference with p<0.001.Conclusions: The TVUS is a suitable alternative to digital examiation in assessing labour progress because it is well accepted, minimal-invasive, less painful and with minimal infectious risks and good tool for estimating labour progress.