bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR-30c Plays Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles and Mediates Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Proliferation of Glioma by Affecting Notch1
Authors: Li Mengkao , Liu Wenzhi , Xu Jin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
miR-30c functions as a tumor suppressor gene in the majority of tumors, including glioma. In our study, we discovered that the expression levels of miR-30c in glioma tissues and plasma prior to operation were lower than that in normal brain tissue following brain injury decompression and plasma in healthy volunteers. The low expression of miR-30c was closely aligned with WHO grade, tumor size, PFS, and OS. Additionally, the miR-30c expression level of tumor tissue was positively correlated with the levels found in preoperative plasma. In cell biology experiments, miR-30c was discovered to inhibit EMT, proliferation, migration, and the invasion of glioma cells. The database of miRNAs target genes, real-time quantitative PCR, western blot, and dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that Notch1 is the direct target gene of miR-30c. The inhibitor and shRNA-Notch1 were cotransfected into glioma cells, which illustrated that shRNA-Notch1 could reduce the enhancement of inhibitors in EMT, proliferation, migration, and the invasion of glioma cells. Therefore, we believe that when utilized as a tumor suppressor gene, miR-23a can inhibit EMT, proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells by directly acting on Notch1 at the post-transcriptional level, and it is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker.
The Potential Risk of Using Historic Claims to Set Bundled Payment Prices: The Case of Physical Therapy After Lower Extremity Joint Replacement
Authors: Steenhuis Sander , Hofstra Geeske , Portrait France , Amankour Fatima , Hijden Eric van der 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background One of the most significant challenges of implementing a multi-provider bundled payment contract is to determine an appropriate, casemix adjusted total bundle price. The most frequently used approach is to leverage historic care utilization based on claims data. However, those claims data may not accurately reflect appropriate care (e.g. due to supplier induced demand and moral hazard effects). This study aims to examine variation in claims-based costs of post-discharge physical therapy (PT) utilization after total knee and hip arthroplasties (TKA/THA) for osteoarthritis patients.Methods This retrospective cohort study used multilevel linear regression analyses to predict the factors that explain the variation in the utilization of post-discharge PT after TKA or THA for osteoarthritis patients, based on the historic (2015-2018) claims data of a large Dutch health insurer. The factors were structured as predisposing, enabling or need factors according to the behavioral model of Andersen.Results The 15,309 TKA and 14,325 THA patients included in this study received an average of 20.7 (SD 11.3) and 16.7 (SD 10.1) post-discharge PT sessions, respectively. Results showed that the enabling factor ‘presence of supplementary insurance’ was the strongest predictor for post-discharge PT utilization in both groups (TKA: β=7.46, SE=0.498, p-value<0.001; THA: β=5.72, SE=0.515, p-value<0.001). There were also some statistically significant predisposing and need factors, but their effects were smaller.Conclusions This study shows that enabling factors such as the presence of supplementary insurance can cause historic claims-based pricing methods to potentially overestimate clinically appropriate post-discharge PT use, which would result in a bundle price that is too high. Clinical guidelines and best practice standards should be leveraged more often in bundled payment pricing methods to target this potentially avoidable utilization of care, and to stimulate the implementation of multi-provider bundled payment contracts.
Active/Conductive Layer Stacked Superlattices for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Duan Junyuan , Zhao Yinghe , Yang Ruoou , Zhao Yang , Wang Wenbin , Liu Youwen , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Metal oxides are the archetypal CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) electrocatalysts, yet the inevitable self-reduction will enhance competitive hydrogen evolution and lower the CO2RR selectivity. Herein, we propose a tangible superlattice model of alternating metal oxide and sulfide sublayer in which electrons are rapidly exported through the conductive metal sulfide layer to protect the active oxide layer from self-reduction. Taking BiCuSeO superlattices as a proof-of-concept, a comprehensive characterization reveals that the active [Bi2O2]2+ sublayers retain oxidation states rather their self-reduced Bi metal during CO2RR because of the rapid electron transfer through the conductive [Cu2Se2]2− sublayer. Theoretical ccalculations uncover the high activity over [Bi2O2]2+ sublayers due to the overlaps between the Bi p orbitals and O p orbitals in HCOO* intermediate, thus achieving over 90% formate selectivity in a wide potential range from − 0.4 to -1.1 V. This work broadens the horizons of studying and improving the CO2 electroreduction properties of metal oxide systems.
Macrophage-Mediated Tissue Response Evoked By Subchronic Inhalation of Lead Oxide Nanoparticles Is Associated With The Alteration of Phospholipases C And Cholesterol Transporters
Authors: Smutna Tereza , Dumkova Jana , Kristekova Daniela , Vrlikova Lucie , Docekal Bohumil , Mikuska Pavel , Alexa Lukáš , Jedlickova Adriena , Vecera Zbynek , Krumal Kamil , Coufalik Pavel , Vsiansky Dalibor , Zachej Samuel , Buchtova Marcela , Hampl Ales 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundInhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO NPs), which are emitted to the environment by high-temperature technological processes, heavily impairs target organs. These nanoparticles pass through the lung barrier and are distributed via the blood into secondary target organs, where they cause numerous pathological alterations. Here, we studied in detail, macrophages as specialized cells involved in the innate and adaptive immune response in selected target organs to unravel their potential involvement in reaction to subchronic PbO NP inhalation. In this context, we also tackled possible alterations in lipid uptake in the lungs and liver, which is usually associated with foamy macrophage formation. MethodsFemale mice CD-1 (ICR), as a model organism, were placed into whole-body inhalation chambers and continuously exposed to PbO NPs at a concentration of 0.956 × 106 NPs/cm3 for 11 weeks (24/7). At the end of the exposure period, target organs (lung, liver, kidney, and spleen) were collected for analyses.ResultsThe histopathological analysis of PbO NP exposed lung revealed serious chronic inflammation of lung tissues. The number of foamy macrophages was significantly increased in lung, and they contained numerous cholesterol crystals. PbO NP inhalation induced changes in expression of phospholipases C (PLC) as enzymes linked to macrophage-mediated inflammation in lungs. In the liver, the subchronic inhalation of PbO NPs caused predominantly hyperemia, microsteatosis or remodeling of the liver parenchyma, and the number of liver macrophages was also significantly increased. The expression of a scavenger receptor CD36 and transporter ABCA1, which are associated with lipid metabolism, was significantly altered in the liver. No microscopic or serious functional kidney alterations were detected after subchronic PbO NP exposure and CD68 positive cells were present in the physiological mode in the interstitial tissues. ConclusionOur study determined the association of increased cholesterol and lipid storage in targeted tissues with the alteration of scavenger receptors and phospholipases C after subchronic inhalation of PbO NPs and uncovered processes, which contribute to steatosis in liver and foamy macrophages in lungs.
Photoelectric Characterization of Intended Source UTBB 1T FDSOI Based Image Sensor
Authors: Rao Nitu , Mishra Vimal Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the photoelectrical performance evaluation of proposed intended source Ultra Thin Body Bias (UTBB) 1T-FDSOI based image sensor and also a comparative analysis has done with conventional 1T-UTBB based image sensor [1]. The photoelectrical conversion in proposed image sensor is achieved by utilizing back biasing in intended source UTBB FDSOI based MOSFET. In the proposed intended source Ultra Thin Body Bias (UTBB) 1T-FDSOI based image sensor, the photoelectrical conversion is done within the substrate region (well region) and that signal is read out by MOSFET placed on SOI substrate. The comparative analysis between proposed image sensor and conventional 1T-UTBB based image sensor has performed on the basis of various parameters such as back-bias voltage, thickness of buried oxide (BOX) layer and doping concentration. In this investigation the proposed image sensor has found better light sensitivity in contrast with conventional image sensor. The performance evaluation of proposed image sensor has done by TCAD simulations.
DTR in Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China: CMIP6 Models Evaluation and Comparation
Authors: Xie Wenqiang , Wang Shuangshuang , Yan Xiaodong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Winter wheat is widely planted in China. The changes of winter wheat yield and quality are related to the food security of human society. Climate change has an important impact on the yield and quality of winter wheat. Diurnal temperature range (DTR) is an important factor affecting the yield and protein content of winter wheat. Furthermore, climate model is one of the main sources of error in crop model simulations of yields. Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of climate data has become an important concern for scholars.Previous model evaluations for the entire country or region cannot answer which model is suitable for the estimation of future winter wheat yield. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of climate models to simulate DTR within the range of winter wheat growing regions in China to identify the most suitable climate models for winter wheat yield and quality projections. The results show that CMIP6 models can basically reproduce the DTR of winter wheat-growing regions in China, but there are discrepancies in the simulations between nationwide and winter wheat-growing regions. EC-Earth3-Veg has the best simulation of climate DTR for wheat-growing regions (TS=0.848) and nationwide (TS=0.842), and ACCESS-CM2 has the strongest ability to simulate the annual growing season DTR (TS=0.46). In summary, in the estimation of future winter wheat yield, attention should be given to the selection of models suitable for the actual growing regions and the growing seasons of winter wheat.
Estimation of Autophagy Activity By Evaluating Possible MicroRNA Biomarkers and FOXO1 mRNA Level in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Zehtabi Mojtaba , Khamnei Amir Mahdi , Salehi Siamak , Akbarpour Zahra , Roosta Yousef , Valizadeh Sepehr , Raeisi Mortaza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy. Despite nearly three-fold increase in incidence over three decades, the mortality rate remains unchanged. Biomarkers related to early diagnosis and prognosis of PTC are poorly investigated. Autophagy pathways and related miRNAs is considered to play an important role in PTC pathophysiology.Methods and Results: Tissue samples from patients with PTC undergoing thyroidectomy were collected. Total RNA content of tumor and margin samples were purified and converted to cDNA. Gene expression levels of mRNA (FOXO1) and miRNAs (miR-30d-5p, miR- 182-5p and miR-183-5p) were evaluated using qPCR method in PTC and adjacent normal tissue. A 6.51-fold decrease in miR-30d-5p level was detected in tumor samples compared to adjacent tissues. Moreover, miR-182-5p and miR-183-5p (FOXO1 as the main target) showed 1.73- and 4.31-fold increases in their levels, respectively. We also observed a 2.66-fold decrease in FOXO1 mRNA level in relation to these miRNA fold changes indicating a possible correlation between autophagy-linked molecular events and PTC.Conclusions: Significant increase in miR-183-5p and miR-182-5p expression, as well as a decrease in FOXO1 and miR-30d-5p expression, suggest that PTC has active autophagy machinery. This can possibly be used as a novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarker.
An Operative Laboratory Investigation of Bioconversion Route From Waste Coal to Natural Energy
Authors: Basera Priyanka , Lavania Meeta , shinde Omkar , Sarkar Supriya Kumar , Lal Banwari 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: In the present research, the potential of reactivated consortium for the methane production consuming waste coal as a carbon source (1% w/v) in the modified media at mesophilic temperature (37°C) was determined. Methods: Media modification was conducted for the enhancement of methane production by selecting three different components from the two media i.e. Methanosprillium sp producing media (MSP) and Methane producing bacteria media (MPB). From MSP medium; C2H2NaO2 (sodium acetate), KH2PO4 (potassium dihydrogen the phosphate) and NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) whereas from MPB medium; yeast extract, peptone, and NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) were selected in the range of 0.5-2.5 (g/l). Analytical assay i.e Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted. Further, compatibility study and pathogenicity was performed.Results: In the present study reactivated consortia was used therefore key components of the media were modified. In case of MPB medium: 2g/l of yeast extract, 2g/l peptone and 1 g/l NH4Cl showed the promising results. Whereas, for MSP medium: 1 g/l of KH2PO4, 0.5 g/l of NaHCO3 and 1.5 g/l of C2H2NaO2 were noted to be the suitable range for methane production. Analytical studies confirmed the presences of -OH and aliphatic groups which majorly belongs to alkane, alkene, and phenol derivatives compounds whereas Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies delineated the active interaction of bacteria with coal particles. In addition, a compatibility study was performed and their successful results aid in the future approach of field implementation. Further, pathogenicity data indicated the non-virulent and non-toxic nature of the consortia. Conclusions: Production of waste coal is one of the most problematic and common activities of the mining industry. They release toxic substances into the environment (water, air, and soil) and damage the local biodiversity. Therefore, the generation of biogenic methane from waste coal is an environmentally friendly approach to overcome this problem.
Observations of Boundary Layer Wind and Turbulence of a Landfalling Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Zhao Zhongkuo , Gao Ruiquan , Zhang Jun A. , Zhu Yong , Liu Chunxia , Chan P. W. , Wan Qilin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study analyzed the atmospheric boundary layer characteristics based on the multiple level observations by a 350-m height tower during the landfall of Super Typhoon Mangkhut (1822). Mean wind profiles showed logarithmic wind profiles at different wind speed ranges suggesting nearly constant flux layers. The height of the constant layer increased with the wind speed and deceased with the radial distance from the storm centre. This behaviour was supported by flux observations. Momentum fluxes and turbulent kinetic energy increased with the wind speed at all flux measurement levels. The drag coefficient (surface roughness) estimated was nearly a constant with a value of 8´10-3 (0.09 m). Both the estimated eddy diffusivity and mixing length varied with height. The eddy diffusivity also varied with the wind speed. Our results supported that the eddy diffusivity is larger over land than over ocean in a same wind speed range.
Utilization of Inpatient Ophthalmology Services In Taiwan—A Nationwide Population Study
Authors: Hsu Chia-An , Hsu Min-Huei , Yen Ju-Chuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and AimsThe goal of this study was to perform a nationwide investigation of ophthalmic admission services from 1997 to 2011 in Taiwan. MethodsTaiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) was utilized to conduct this study. Records of primary ophthalmic admissions from 1997 to 2011 were extracted. Admissions were categorized as operative and non-operative. The total study period was divided into an early period from 1997 to 2005 and a late period from 2006 to 2011. ResultsThe mean ages of patients were 56 and 44 years for operative and non-operative admissions, respectively. The male to female ratio was approximately 1.3 to 1, and the average length of hospital stay was approximately 4 days. The average cost was approximately 1000 United State Dollars per admission, with a slightly increasing trend over time. The number of ophthalmic admissions trended downward, from 3,248 in 1997 to 2,174 in 2011. Operative cases were primarily admitted for the purposes of cataract surgery, vitrectomy, and scleral buckling during both periods and included trabeculectomy during the late period. Non-operative cases were primarily admitted to treat corneal ulcer; glaucoma; infection, including orbital cellulitis and lid abscess; blunt eye injury; and optic neuritis. Non-operative cases in this study included a high proportion of corneal ulcers during both periods. ConclusionThe landscape of primary ophthalmic admissions in Taiwan were probed and analyzed in this study. Future policy makers and ophthalmologists could utilize the completed panorama of Taiwan’s eye care services to make informed decisions.
Effect of Copper Donor Material Assisted Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy On Downward Force, Microstructure, And Mechanical Properties
Authors: Bhukya Srinivasa , Wu Zhenhua , Maniscalco Joseph , Elmustafa Abdelmageed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this research, Copper (Cu) donor material assisted friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T6 alloy was studied. Cu assisted FSW joints of AA6061-T6 alloy were prepared at a constant tool rotational rate of 1400 rpm and various welding speeds at 1 mm/s and 3 mm/s. The Cu donor material of different thickness (i.e., 20%, 40%, and 60%) with respect to the workpiece thickness was selected to assist the FSW joining at the plunge stage. It is observed that the downward force generated in the FSW process was gradually decreased after introducing Cu donor material with incremental thicknesses with respect to workpiece at the plunge stage. Post-weld analysis was characterized in terms of microstructure, and mechanical properties. The results of microstructure analysis at the stir zone (SZ) show the formation of finer grains due to dynamic recrystallization and plastic deformation. Micro-hardness tests reveal that the hardness decreased from the base metal (BM) to the SZ across the heat affected zone (HAZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The lowest value of hardness appeared in the TMAZ and HAZ where tensile failure occurs. With increasing welding speed, the average hardness in the SZ decreased due to lower heat input and faster cooling rate. Tensile test plots show no significant change in ultimate tensile strength with or without Cu donor material. Fractography of tensile tested samples shows both ductile and brittle like structure for given welding parameters. This proposed work of FSW with Cu donor material is promising to increase tool life due to the decrement of the downforce during plunge and throughout the welding stage. Meanwhile, the inclusion of donor material did not compromise the weld quality in terms of the mechanical properties and micro-hardness.
Local Spread of Influenza A (H1N1) Viruses Without A Mutation For The Maximum Duration of An Epidemic Season In Japan
Authors: Kageyama Seiji , Tsuneki-Tokunaga Akeno , Kanai Kyosuke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Close observation of the local transmission of influenza A(H1N1) viruses enabled an estimation of the transmission period of the virus without a mutation. Of 4,448 isolates from 11 consecutive years, 237 isolates could be categorized into 57 strain groups with identical hemagglutinin genes. Transmission of these 57 strains was chased for the maximum duration of an epidemic season. In addition, 35 identical strains were recognized at the study site and other countries within 147 days. Consequently, it can be postulated that once an influenza virus enters a temperate country, the strain rarely mutates until the end of the season.
Preventive Effect of Biodegradable Stents On Biliary Stricture And Fibrosis After Biliary Anastomosis In A Porcine Model
Authors: Kwon Chang-Il , Choi Sung Hoon , Kim Kyu Seok , Moon Jong Pil , Park Sehwan , Jeon Jinkyung , Kim Gwangil , Jang Jae Young , Sung Min Je , Ko Kwang Hyun , Son Jun Sik 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of this animal study was to evaluate the preventive effect of novel biodegradable stents (BS) on biliary stricture and fibrosis after duct-to-duct (DD) biliary anastomosis. Ten mini-pigs were allocated to the control group (n = 5) and or the stent group (n = 5). The common bile duct was exposed through surgical laparotomy, and then resected transversely. In the stent group, a 4 mm or 6 mm polydioxanone/magnesium sheath core BS was inserted according to the width of the bile duct, followed by DD biliary anastomosis. In the control group, DD biliary anastomosis was performed without BS insertion. In the stent group, stents were observed without deformity for up to four weeks in all animals. Eight weeks later, histopathologic examination revealed that the common bile duct of the anastomosis site was relatively narrower in circumference in the control group compared to the stent group. The degree of fibrosis in the control group was more marked than in the stent group (3.84 mm vs. 0.68 mm, respectively, p < 0.05). Our study showed that novel BS maintained their original shape and radial force for an adequate time and then disappeared without adverse events.
Muscle Protein Synthesis and Muscle/Metabolic Responses To Resistance Exercise Training in South Asian and White European Men
Authors: Alkhayl Faris , Ismail Ahmad , Celis-Morales Carlos , Wilson John , Radjenovic Aleksandra , Johnston Lynsey , Welsh Paul , Sattar Naveed , Gill Jason , Preston Tom , Gray Stuart 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe aims of the current study, therefore, were to compare 1) free-living MPS and 2) muscle and metabolic adaptations to resistance exercise in South Asian and white European adults.MethodsEighteen South Asian and 16 White European men were enrolled in the study. Free-living muscle protein synthesis was measured at baseline. Muscle strength, body composition, resting metabolic rate, VO2max and metabolic responses (insulin sensitivity) to a mixed meal were measured at baseline and following 12 weeks of resistance exercise training. Results Free-living muscle protein synthesis was not different between South Asians (1.48 ± 0.09 %/day) and White Europeans (1.59 ± 0.15 %/day) (p=0.522). In response to resistance exercise training there were no differences, between South Asians and White Europeans, muscle mass, lower body strength or insulin sensitivity. However, there were differences between the ethnicities in response to resistance exercise training in body fat, resting carbohydrate and fat metabolism, blood pressure, VO2max and upper body strength with responses less favourable in South Asians. ConclusionIn this exploratory study there were no differences in muscle protein synthesis or anabolic and metabolic responses to resistance exercise, yet there were less favourable responses in several outcomes. These findings require further investigation.