bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ГРУПОВІ МІЖОСОБИСТІСНІ СИТУАЦІЇ У ВИХОВНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ
Authors: Бех І. Д. 
Published: October 2021

В статті розкривається складна і різновекторна за ідейною спрямованістю архітектоніка, яка створює реальне функціонування малої групи. Тут часто вступають у конкуренцію певні зразки поведінки і міжособистісні взаємини, які детерміновані більш широкою (ніж групова) соціальною ситуацією.
Наголошується на основній потребі зростаючої особистості – потребі у близькій людині, яка може змінюватися у ціннісних показниках залежно від стадії розвитку індивіда.
Педагогові пропонується для розуміння і практичної роботи центральна групова тенденція – дія високого і низького, за якої криється система егоїстичних потягів і в той же час наявні прояви добродійності. Остання передбачає повагу, справедливість, відповідальність особистості, що зростає. Синтез цих чеснот складає Я-духовне особистості, як предмет виховних зусиль протягом усіх освітніх ланок.
З огляду на сказане, пропонується ряд групових поведінкових сюжетів у формі міжособистісних ситуацій, які допоможуть вихователеві більш фахово організовувати виховний процес.
Так, констатується нерівномірність членів групи у особистісному розвитку, взаємини між ними, які часто створюють умови конфронтації. Пропонуються способи їхнього подолання.
Розкриваються обставини самобутності вихованців як особистостей та їхній вплив на загальну групову атмосферу. У цьому зв’язку наголошується на необхідності формування умінь соціальної перцепції, тобто об’єктивного визначення дійсної вихованості того чи іншого ровесника. У цьому ряду розкривається ситуація лідерства думок, коли ініціатива такого лідера одразу не сприймається. Тож потрібен певний час, щоб погляди таких лідерів розділялися більшістю членів групи. Доцільним виявиться розуміння і діяння педагога стосовно осіб з низьким соціальним статусом.
Робиться висновок, згідно з яким за відсутності цілеспрямованого педагогічного керування ціннісно-смисловий шлях групи може значно спотворюватися, обмежуючись лише повідтиненими благодійними надбаннями. У цьому зв’язку корекційну роботу слід організовувати, опираючись на вольовий розвиток вихованців.
Degradation of 3D-Printed Porous Polylactic Acid Scaffolds Under Mechanical Stimulus
Authors: Chen Heming , Shi Quan , Shui Hengtao , Wang Peng , Chen Qiang , Li Zhiyong 
Published: October 2021

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer commonly used as a scaffold material to repair tissue defects, and its degradation is associated with mechanical stimulus. In this study, the effect of mechanical stimulus on the degradation of 3D-printed PLA scaffolds was investigated by in vitro experiments and an author-developed numerical model. Forty-five samples with porosity 64.8% were printed to carry out the degradation experiment within 90 days. Statistical analyses of the mass, volume fraction, Young’s modulus, and number average molecular weight were made, and the in vitro experiments were further used to verify the proposed numerical model of the scaffold degradation. The results indicated that the mechanical stimulus accelerated the degradation of the PLA scaffold, and the higher mechanical stimulus led to a faster degradation of the scaffolds at the late stage of the degradation process. In addition, the Young’s modulus and the normalized number average molecular weight of the PLA scaffolds between the experiments and the numerical simulations were comparable, especially for the number average molecular weight. The present study could be helpful in the design of the biodegradable PLA scaffolds.
Near-Infrared Inorganic Nanomaterials for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Li Wenling , Zhang Guilong , Liu Lu 
Published: October 2021

Traditional wavelengths (400–700 nm) have made tremendous inroads in vivo fluorescence imaging. However, the ability of visible light photon penetration hampered the bio-applications. With reduced photon scattering, minimal tissue absorption and negligible autofluorescence properties, near-infrared light (NIR 700–1700 nm) demonstrates better resolution, high signal-to-background ratios, and deep tissue penetration capability, which will be of great significance for in-vivo determination in deep tissue. In this review, we summarized the latest novel NIR inorganic nanomaterials and the emission mechanism including single-walled carbon nanotubes, rare-earth nanoparticles, quantum dots, metal nanomaterials. Subsequently, the recent progress of precise noninvasive diagnosis in biomedicine and cancer therapy utilizing near-infrared inorganic nanomaterials are discussed. In addition, this review will highlight the concerns, challenges and future directions of near-infrared light utilization.
Carotid Geometry and Wall Shear Stress Independently Predict Increased Wall Thickness—A Longitudinal 3D MRI Study in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Strecker Christoph , Krafft Axel Joachim , Kaufhold Lilli , Hüllebrandt Markus , Treppner Martin , Ludwig Ute , Köber Göran , Hennemuth Anja , Hennig Jürgen , Harloff Andreas 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Carotid geometry and wall shear stress (WSS) have been proposed as independent risk factors for the progression of carotid atherosclerosis, but this has not yet been demonstrated in larger longitudinal studies. Therefore, we investigated the impact of these biomarkers on carotid wall thickness in patients with high cardiovascular risk.Methods: Ninety-seven consecutive patients with hypertension, at least one additional cardiovascular risk factor and internal carotid artery (ICA) plaques (wall thickness ≥ 1.5 mm and degree of stenosis ≤ 50%) were prospectively included. They underwent high-resolution 3D multi-contrast and 4D flow MRI at 3 Tesla both at baseline and follow-up. Geometry (ICA/common carotid artery (CCA)-diameter ratio, bifurcation angle, tortuosity and wall thickness) and hemodynamics [WSS, oscillatory shear index (OSI)] of both carotid bifurcations were measured at baseline. Their predictive value for changes of wall thickness 12 months later was calculated using linear regression analysis for the entire study cohort (group 1, 97 patients) and after excluding patients with ICA stenosis ≥10% to rule out relevant inward remodeling (group 2, 61 patients).Results: In group 1, only tortuosity at baseline was independently associated with carotid wall thickness at follow-up (regression coefficient = −0.52, p &lt; 0.001). However, after excluding patients with ICA stenosis ≥10% in group 2, both ICA/CCA-ratio (0.49, p &lt; 0.001), bifurcation angle (0.04, p = 0.001), tortuosity (−0.30, p = 0.040), and WSS (−0.03, p = 0.010) at baseline were independently associated with changes of carotid wall thickness at follow-up.Conclusions: A large ICA bulb and bifurcation angle and low WSS seem to be independent risk factors for the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in the absence of ICA stenosis. By contrast, a high carotid tortuosity seems to be protective both in patients without and with ICA stenosis. These biomarkers may be helpful for the identification of patients who are at particular risk of wall thickness progression and who may benefit from intensified monitoring and treatment.
Effectiveness and Safety of Cryoablation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Episodes of <24 h Duration: A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Jiang Chunying , Zhao Dongdong , Tang Kai , Wang Yiqian , Li Xiang , Jia Peng , Xu Yawei , Han Bing 
Published: October 2021

Background: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is closely related to pathophysiologic processes and clinical outcomes. However, it is uncertain whether cryoablation of pulmonary veins isolation is effective and safe for patients with symptomatic and drug refractory AF episodes of &lt;24-h duration.Methods: The patients were designed into Group A (253 patients with paroxysmal AF episodes of &lt;24-h duration) and Group B (253 patients with paroxysmal AF lasting for 24 h or longer) on a 1:1 basis by identical propensity scores. Mortality, stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), and complications relevant to the cryoablation procedure were compared, and recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia was analyzed for clinical independent predictors.Results: The rate of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence was 21.74% in Group A and 30.04% in Group B, respectively (P = 0.042). At 12-month follow-up from the procedure, lower incidences of stroke/TIA endpoint of the patients were observed in Group A compared with Group B by Kaplan–Meier analysis [HR 0.34 (0.13–0.87), P = 0.025]. No significant differences in mortality and complications relevant to the cryoablation procedure were observed between Group A and Group B. Moreover, adjusted multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that &lt;24-h paroxysmal AF type (HR 0.644, 95% CI: 0.455–0.913, P = 0.014) and left atrium diameter (LAD) (&gt;40 mm) (HR 1.696, 95% CI: 1.046–2.750, P = 0.032) were independently associated with the incidence of recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia in the study.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that &lt;24-h paroxysmal AF type was obviously associated with an increased success rate of cryoablation and reduced incidence of stroke/TIA during the follow-up period. Therefore, there is superior effectiveness and similar safety in patients with AF episodes of &lt;24-h duration compared with patients with longer paroxysmal AF duration.
Spatiotemporal Variability of the Nitrous Oxide Concentrations and Fluxes From a Cascaded Dammed River
Authors: Wu Shengnan , Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Tingting , He Yixin , Que Ziyi , Wang Jilong , Li Hang , Yu Lele , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yuan Xingzhong 
Published: October 2021

Rivers have been largely considered as the source of nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. N2O emissions from rivers could be seriously influenced by damming and exhibit unique spatiotemporal patterns in river-reservoir systems. Multiple research studies report N2O emissions from rivers with single reservoirs, but the spatiotemporal patterns and controls of N2O emissions from cascaded river-reservoir system remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variations of N2O concentrations and fluxes along a cascade damming river (Wubu River) in Southwest China. Our results showed that N2O concentrations in the Wubu River ranged from 2.5 to 283.2 nmol L−1 with a mean of 50.7 ± 52.3 nmol L−1 and were generally supersaturated with gas fluxes ranging from 11.8 to 805.6 μmol m−2 d−1. N2O concentrations and fluxes showed a significant longitudinal variation with increasing fluxes from upstream to downstream. Meanwhile, for each river-reservoir-released water continuum, local variation of N2O concentrations was also prominent. Reservoir sections and released water sections had 2.7 (1.2–7.9) and 3.4 (1.3–12.2) times higher N2O concentrations than the corresponding upstream river reaches and acted as hotpots for N2O emission. The N2O concentrations had significant correlations with organic carbon, phosphorus, and Chl-a in surface water. Furthermore, the N2O concentrations and fluxes in reservoirs had a significant correlation with hydraulic residence time and hydraulic load, suggesting that fragmentation of hydrologic conditions was an important driver for the spatial variations of N2O concentrations in the Wubu River cascade reservoirs. Our results suggested that hydraulic residence time could predict the variation pattern of N2O fluxes in this small river basin. Seasonal variations of N2O concentrations and fluxes were the highest in autumn and lowest in winter and were mainly attributed to temperature and rainfall. N2O fluxes were much higher in the Wubu River than the average levels of China’s reservoirs and global reservoirs, acting as enhanced N2O emitter. Our study highlighted that the cascade reservoirs not only act as exciters for N2O production and emissions but also form cumulative effects and local hotpots along the longitudinal dimension, which could significantly increase the complexity of the spatiotemporal variability in riverine N2O emissions. Given the increasing construction of new river dams due to growing energy demand, more research should be done to quantify the contribution of cascaded damming to riverine N2O budgets.
Inverted Hysteresis Loops in the Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 Alloy With Small Coercivity
Authors: Shen P. P. , Wang Y. T. , Sun B. A. 
Published: October 2021

The phenomenon of inverted hysteresis loop has been observed in many materials for the past decades. However, the physical origin of the inverted hysteresis loop has long been debated. Here, we report the completely inverted hysteresis loop with a clockwise cycle in the soft-magnetic nanocrystalline Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy and amorphous Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy at room temperature. The negative remanence and positive coercivity were observed in the descending branch of magnetization curve when the scan field range was above 1 KOe. By comparing the results with that of the standard Pd sample, we found that the net coercivities of the nanocrystalline Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy and standard Pd sample are almost equal for the different scanning field ranges. Therefore, it is confirmed that the phenomenon of completely inverted hysteresis loop is caused by the remanence of superconducting magnet rather than the structural inhomogeneity effects. Our results suggest that special care should be taken during the measurement of hysteresis loops using MPMS 3, especially for the materials with small coercivity.
Low-Reflectivity Drusen With Overlying RPE Damage Revealed by Spectral-Domain OCT: Hint for the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Yang Shasha , Gao Zongyin , Qiu Haijiang , Zuo Chengguo , Mi Lan , Xiao Hui , Liu Xing 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To observe the relationship between the characteristic changes in the drusen morphology revealed by the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods: A total of 380 drusen in 45 eyes in 35 patients with the intermediate drusen were longitudinally followed up every 6 months by SD-OCT for a period of 24 months. The drusen were divided into the dynamic group and stable group according to the following parameters: number, volume, concurrent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/ellipsoid zone (EZ) damage, and the development of advanced AMD. The morphological characteristics of the progressive or stable drusen were further analyzed. Odds ratios (ORs) and the risk for the drusen progression were calculated.Results: The level of interobserver and intraobserver agreement for each drusen tomographic morphological parameters ranged from 82.7 to 90%. At the end of an average follow-up of 15.92 ± 6.99 months, six patients developed choroidal neovascularization and no patients developed geographic atrophy. Finally, 139 drusen changed and 241 drusen remained stable. The drusen with low reflectivity (p &lt; 0.001; OR: 5.26; 95% CI: 2.24–12.36), non-homogeneity without a core (p &lt; 0.001; OR: 4.31; 95% CI: 2.08–8.92), RPE damage (p &lt; 0.001; OR: 28.12; 95% CI: 9.43–83.85), and the EZ damage (p &lt; 0.001; OR: 14.01; 95% CI: 5.28–37.18) were significantly associated with active change; the drusen with low reflectivity (p = 0.01; OR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.29–6.75) and decreased overlying RPE reflectivity (p &lt; 0.001; OR: 21.67; 95% CI: 9.20–51.02) were the independent predictors for progression. The drusen with high reflectivity were significantly associated with stabilization (p = 0.03; OR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04–0.84).Conclusion: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography is an optimized, accurate, and efficient method to follow-up the drusen. The intermediate non-exudative AMD prognosis of the patient was most strongly correlated with the drusen reflectivity and disruption of the overlying RPE layer. The drusen with low reflectivity and overlying RPE damage were more likely to progress and required frequent follow-up.
Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization in a Birth Cohort of Early Childhood: The Role of Maternal Carriage
Authors: Tsai Ming-Han , Chiu Chih-Yung , Su Kuan-Wen , Liao Sui-Ling , Shih Hsiang-Ju , Hua Man-Chin , Yao Tsung-Chieh , Lai Shen-Hao , Yeh Kuo-Wei , Chen Li-Chen , Huang Jing-Long 
Published: October 2021

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in infants may pose a risk for subsequent infection in children. The study aimed to determine S. aureus colonization patterns in infancy, and strain relatedness between maternal and infant colonization.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted for nasopharyngeal S. aureus detection in neonates at delivery; in children at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months of age; and from mothers immediately after the delivery of their baby and when their child is 1 month old. A questionnaire for infants and mothers was administered at each planned visit.Results: In total, 521 and 135 infant–mother dyads underwent nasopharyngeal swab collection at 1 month and immediately after delivery, respectively. Among the 521 dyads at 1 month of age, concordant S. aureus colonization was found in 95 dyads, including MRSA in 48.4% (46/95). No concordant MRSA carriage was present among the 135 dyads at delivery. The genetic relatedness of concurrent MRSA-colonized dyads showed that more than two-thirds (32/46 [69.6%]) had identical genotypes, mainly ST 59/PVL-negative/SCCmec IV. Infants aged 1 month had the highest incidence of S. aureus, and the trend declined to a nadir at the age of 12 months. Carrier mothers who smoked cigarettes may increase the risk of infant Staphylococcus colonization (odds ratio, 2.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–3.66; p &lt; 0.01).Conclusions: Maternal–infant horizontal transmission may be the primary source of MRSA acquisition in early infancy. The avoidance of passive smoking could be recommended for the prevention of S. aureus carriage.
Sevoflurane Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting P2X7-NLRP3 Mediated Pyroptosis
Authors: Wu Jiaxuan , Cai Wenfeng , Du Ruiming , Li Haiyang , Wang Bin , Zhou Yanqiong , Shen Daifei , Shen Huimin , Lan Yang , Chen Lesi , Zheng Xiaoxia , Huang Danmei , Shi Ganggang 
Published: October 2021

Myocardial ischemia is common in aging population. This study investigates the protective effect of Sevoflurane on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) and its underlying mechanism. A total of 87 patients with a history of myocardial ischemia who underwent abdominal surgery with Sevoflurane general anesthesia were recruited in the study. The clinical data, blood pressure, heart rate, pressure-rate quotient (PRQ) and rate-pressure product (RPP) were recorded. Serum samples were collected and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), ischemia modified albumin (IMA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were measured to observe whether Sevoflurane anesthesia had protective effect on myocardium. In addition, MIRI rats and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury cell model was established using neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM). Rats or NRVM were pretreated with sevoflurane for 45min before hypoxia. The mRNA expression of purinergic receptor-7 (P2X7) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3) were examined. The protein expression of P2X7, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-1(Caspase-1), Gasdermin-D (GSDMD), Bcl-2 Associated X Protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in myocardial tissue and cells were evaluated. The serum contents of IL-1β, IL-18, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine kinase (CK), and Creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) were measured. The cellular localization and fluorescence intensity of NLRP3 and ASC in cells were detected. It was found that the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 decreased in the patients. After I45 min/R3h in SD rats and H3h/R1h in NRVM, the protein expressions of P2X7, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and GSDMD were increased, the release of IL-1β, IL-18, CK, CK-MB, LDH and MDA were increased, and SOD activity was decreased. Sevoflurane treatment inhibited the high expression of P2X7, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and GSDMD, inhibited the release of LDH, CK,CK-MB and MDA in cells, and improved the activity of SOD, indicating that Sevoflurane alleviated the damage of MIRI of rats and H/R of NRVM, and had myocardial protective effect. Taken together, our study suggests that Sevoflurane inhibited the expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and GSDMD by inhibiting the P2X7-NLRP3 signaling pathway. It reduced the H/R injury of cardiomyocytes and protected the cardiac function by regulating inflammatory reaction and pyroptosis.
Repeated Gait Perturbation Training in Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hulzinga Femke , de Rond Veerle , Vandendoorent Britt , Gilat Moran , Ginis Pieter , D'Cruz Nicholas , Schlenstedt Christian , Nieuwboer Alice 
Published: October 2021

Background: Gait impairments are common in healthy older adults (HOA) and people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), especially when adaptations to the environment are required. Traditional rehabilitation programs do not typically address these adaptive gait demands in contrast to repeated gait perturbation training (RGPT). RGPT is a novel reactive form of gait training with potential for both short and long-term consolidation in HOA and PwPD. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to determine whether RGPT is more effective than non-RGPT gait training in improving gait and balance in HOA and PwPD in the short and longer term.Methods: This review was conducted according to the PRISMA-guidelines and pre-registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020183273). Included studies tested the effects of any form of repeated perturbations during gait in HOA and PwPD on gait speed, step or stride length. Studies using balance scales or sway measures as outcomes were included in a secondary analysis. Effects of randomized controlled trials (RCT) on RGPT were pooled using a meta-analysis of final measures.Results: Of the 4421 studies, eight studies were deemed eligible for review, of which six could be included in the meta-analysis, totaling 209 participants (159 PwPD and 50 HOA). The studies were all of moderate quality. The meta-analysis revealed no significant effects of RGPT over non-RGPT training on gait performance (SMD = 0.16; 95% CI = −0.18, 0.49; Z = 0.92; P = 0.36). Yet, in some individual studies, favorable effects on gait speed, step length and stride length were observed immediately after the intervention as well as after a retention period. Gait variability and asymmetry, signifying more direct outcomes of gait adaptation, also indicated favorable RGPT effects in some individual studies.Conclusion: Despite some promising results, the pooled effects of RGPT on gait and balance were not significantly greater as compared to non-RGPT gait training in PwPD and HOA. However, these findings could have been driven by low statistical power. Therefore, the present review points to the imperative to conduct sufficiently powered RCT's to verify the true effects of RGPT on gait and balance in HOA and PwPD.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? Identifier: CRD42020183273.