bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Marginal and Velamentous Cord Insertion on Uterine Artery Doppler Indices, Fetal Growth, and Preeclampsia
Authors: Tsakiridis Ioannis , Dagklis Themistoklis , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Dinas Konstantinos , Sotiriadis Alexandros 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of marginal (MCI) or velamentous (VCI) cord insertion on uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA PI), preeclampsia (PE), and offspring's birthweight (BW).MethodsA retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies, undergoing routine anomaly scan at 20+0–23+6 gestational weeks, was conducted between 2016 and 2020. The effect of placental cord insertion on BW and UtA mean PI z‐scores was assessed using the t test or analysis of variance and post‐hoc tests; their association with PE was evaluated with the chi‐square test. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to assess the independent association of placental cord insertion and UtA PI z‐score with PE, BW <10th, <5th centile, and intrauterine death (IUD), using specific confounders.ResultsThe study population included 4453 pregnancies. Conception via assisted reproductive technology (ART) was associated with increased risk of abnormal cord insertion (odds ratio [OR]: 2.237; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.561–3.206; P < .001). Women with MCI/VCI had higher mean UtA PI z‐score than those with central/eccentric (0.29 vs 0.01; mean difference: −0.28; 95% CI: −0.399 to −0.165; P < .001). MCI/VCI were associated with higher rates of BW <10th centile (central/eccentric: 16.2% vs MCI: 21.9% vs VCI: 35.7%; P < .001) and BW <5th centile (9.8 vs 15.1 vs 23.2%, respectively; P < .001). No association was identified between MCI/VCI and PE (P = .968). Finally, VCI (aOR: 13.717; 95% CI: 1.576–119.379; P = .018) and increased BMI (aOR: 1.167; 95% CI: 1.071–1.271; P < .001) significantly correlated with IUD.ConclusionsAbnormal cord insertion is more common in ART pregnancies. MCI/VCI are associated with higher mean UtA PI and lower BW centile, but not with increased risk of PE.
Impacts of Enriched Human Milk Cells on Fecal Metabolome and Gut Microbiome of Premature Infants with Stage I Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hong Luyang , Zhang Lan , Zhou Qi , Li Shujuan , Han Junyan , Jiang Siyuan , Han Xiao , Yang Yi , Hong Shangyu , Cao Yun 
Published: November 2021

ScopeNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants, occurring more often in formula‐fed infants than in breastfed infants. Recent animal studies have shown that cells in fresh breast milk survive in the newborns’ digestive tract. However, no clinical studies have been conducted on the effects of human milk cells, and their biological roles in the infants’ intestines remain unexplored.Methods and ResultsTwenty premature infants are enrolled. Cells from fresh milk of their own mothers are enriched and fed to infants with Bell's Stage I NEC once a day for 7 days since the onset of NEC. Fecal samples are collected at enrollment and 2 weeks later. Fecal sphingolipids are observed to be enriched in NEC patients and positively correlated with calprotectin levels. After intervention with enriched human milk cells, inflammation‐associated sphingolipids and microbiome profiles are altered and resembled those of the controls.ConclusionThese preliminary findings reveal the potential impacts of enriched human milk cells on premature infants with Bell's Stage I NEC and provide insight into the roles of fecal sphingolipid metabolism in the neonates’ intestinal inflammation. However, the limited sample size of the study indicates the need for further investigation.
A novel collaborative diagnosis approach of incipient faults based on VMD and SCN for rolling bearing
Authors: Huang Darong , Li Yunqian , Guan Shuyue , Zhang Xu , Tang Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn order to overcome the shortcomings of concealed early fault features of rolling bearings which can not be better recognized and the accuracy of early fault diagnosis is not high enough, a novel collaborative diagnosis method is presented combing with variational modal decomposition (VMD) and stochastic configuration network (SCN) for incipient faults of rolling bearing. First, decomposing the original signal by VMD, and then extracting peak‐to‐peak of intrinsic mode function component from each fault, and calculating sample entropy of peak‐to‐peak to construct characteristic sample of fault. Second, based on VMD composition, proposing an incipient fault diagnosis method which is named SCN. Finally, compared with other classification methods, the results show that the proposed collaborative method is effective and advantageous.
Tuza's conjecture for random graphs
Authors: Kahn Jeff , Park Jinyoung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA celebrated conjecture of Tuza says that in any (finite) graph, the minimum size of a cover of triangles by edges is at most twice the maximum size of a set of edge‐disjoint triangles. Resolving a recent question of Bennett, Dudek, and Zerbib, we show that this is true for random graphs; more precisely:
urn:x-wiley:rsa:media:rsa21057:rsa21057-math-0001
The effect of coordination requirements on sourcing decisions: Evidence from patent prosecution services
Authors: Chondrakis George , Melero Eduardo , Sako Mari 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryAlthough the link between coordination requirements and vertical integration is theoretically well established, empirical tests of this relationship are hard to implement due to the simultaneous determination of both variables. In this study, we take advantage of regulatory changes in patent prosecution in the United States to provide plausibly causal evidence linking increases in coordination requirements with insourcing. Moreover, we examine the role of plural sourcing, that is, simultaneously making and buying, when responding to changes in coordination requirements. We find that the move toward insourcing is more pronounced for plural‐sourcing firms as compared to firms relying on outsourcing. These results are consistent with the view that plural sourcing provides firms with flexibility to switch between sourcing modes when facing changing coordination requirements.Managerial SummaryWe study the sourcing of patent prosecution services in large innovative companies and show that in‐house production is more beneficial when coordination requirements between inventors and attorneys increase. Importantly, we find that plural‐sourcing firms, that is, firms that work with both internal attorneys and external law firms, are more likely to respond to these increases and move toward insourcing as compared to firms relying only on outsourcing. This suggests that plural sourcing can be regarded as a strategic investment in sourcing flexibility, allowing firms to respond to changing coordination requirements. This is an adaptive capability which is especially useful in knowledge‐intensive sectors.
Leicht und subtil zusammengefügt – das Dachtragwerk des Stade de la Tuilière in Lausanne
Authors: Bassetti Andrea , Furrer Reto , Kunze Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDer Entwurf des neuen Fussballstadions der Stadt Lausanne geht auf einen internationalen Wettbewerb zurück und resultiert aus der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit zwischen Architekten und Tragwerksplanern. Die Leichtigkeit des weitgespannten Stahldachtragwerks war ein wesentlicher Faktor, der die effiziente und wirtschaftliche Umsetzung des architektonischen Entwurfs ermöglicht hat. Das Dachtragwerk wurde mit wenigen Tragelementen konzipiert. Ihre wiederkehrende Geometrie und klaren Linien stehen im Kontrast zum expressiveren Ausdruck des Gebäudesockels. Das subtile Gleichgewicht des leichten Dachtragwerks wirkt als Gegenpol zu den im architektonischen Ausdruck lesbaren Kräften des Spannbetonsockels. Dank der besonderen Leistungsfähigkeit von Stahl konnte das Dachtragwerk fast ohne provisorische Abstützungen in kurzer Zeit aufgerichtet werden. Die konstruktive Ausbildung widerspiegelt die klaren und einfachen Tragkonzepte der Stahlstruktur. Mit der Realisierung des Dachtragwerks des Stade de la Tuilière konnte die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Stahl für die Realisierung weitgespannter Tragwerke erneut unter Beweis gestellt werden. Als Fassade für das neue Stadion wurde eine funktionale gläserne Gebäudehülle konzipiert.
Fostering Hope with Children's Literature
Authors: Massey Dixie D. , Vaughn Margaret , Hiebert Elfrieda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this essay, we discuss how teachers and students can use children's literature and literature‐based activities to intentionally foster hope. The previous years have proved to be challenging on many fronts. Teachers of all levels are focusing on ways to support academic development in an oft‐shifting context. Drawing on research using bibliotherapy and other literature‐based interventions, we propose a literature‐rooted framework for teachers and students to create environments that foster hope.
Neighbourhood characteristics and social isolation of people with psychosis: a multi-site cross-sectional study
Authors: Giacco Domenico , Kirkbride James B. , Ermakova Anna O. , Webber Martin , Xanthopoulou Penny , Priebe Stefan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
People with psychosis are vulnerable to social isolation, which is associated with worse clinical outcomes. In general populations, people living in areas with higher population density have more social contacts, while those living in more socially deprived and fragmented areas are less satisfied with their relationships. We assessed whether and how neighbourhood factors are associated with social contacts and satisfaction with friendships for people with psychosis.

Methods
We carried out a cross-sectional study including people with psychosis aged 18–65 years in urban and rural sites in England. Population density and social deprivation and fragmentation indexes were described within Lower Level Super Output Areas (LSOA). Their associations with participants’ social contacts and satisfaction with friendships were tested with negative binomial and ordinal regression models, respectively.

Results
We surveyed 511 participants with psychotic disorders. They had a median of two social contacts in the previous week (interquartile range [IQR] = 1–4), and rated satisfaction with friendships as 5 out of 7 (Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life; IQR = 4–6). Higher population density was associated with fewer social contacts (Z-standardised relative risk [RR] = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.79–0.99, p = 0.03), but not with satisfaction with friendships (RR = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.93–1.26, p = 0.31). No associations were found for social contacts or satisfaction with friendships with social deprivation or fragmentation indexes.

Conclusions
Clinicians in urban areas should be aware that their patients with psychosis are more socially isolated when more people live around them, and this could impact their clinical outcomes. These findings may inform housing programmes.
Abuse and dependence potential of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review of literature and public data
Authors: Schoedel Kerri A. , Kolly Carine , Gardin Anne , Neelakantham Srikanth , Shakeri-Nejad Kasra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAbuse and misuse of prescription drugs remains an ongoing concern in the USA and worldwide; thus, all centrally active new drugs must be assessed for abuse and dependence potential. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators are used primarily in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Among the new S1P receptor modulators, siponimod, ozanimod, and ponesimod have recently been approved in the USA, European Union (EU), and other countries. This review of literature and other public data has been undertaken to assess the potential for abuse of S1P receptor modulators, including ozanimod, siponimod, ponesimod, and fingolimod, as well as several similar compounds in development. The S1P receptor modulators have not shown chemical or pharmacological similarity to known drugs of abuse; have not shown abuse or dependence potential in animal models for subjective effects, reinforcement, or physical dependence; and do not have adverse event profiles demonstrating effects of interest to individuals who abuse drugs (such as sedative, stimulant, mood-elevating, or hallucinogenic effects). In addition, no reports of actual abuse, misuse, or dependence were identified in the scientific literature for fingolimod, which has been on the market since 2010 (USA) and 2011 (EU). Overall, the data suggest that S1P receptor modulators are not associated with significant potential for abuse or dependence, consistent with their unscheduled status in the USA and internationally.
Analysis of deep grey nuclei susceptibility in early childhood: a quantitative susceptibility mapping and R2* study at 3 Tesla
Authors: Raab Peter , Ropele Stefan , Bültmann Eva , Salcher Rolf , Lanfermann Heinrich , Wattjes Mike P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Aging is the most significant determinant for brain iron accumulation in the deep grey matter. Data on brain iron evolution during brain maturation in early childhood are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related iron deposition in the deep grey matter in children using quantitative susceptibility (QSM) and R2* mapping.

Methods
We evaluated brain MRI scans of 74 children (age 6–154 months, mean 40 months). A multi-echo gradient-echo sequence obtained at 3 Tesla was used for the QSM and R2* calculation. Susceptibility of the pallidum, head of caudate nucleus, and putamen was correlated with age and compared between sexes.

Results
Susceptibility changes in all three nuclei correlated with age (correlation coefficients for QSM/R2*: globus pallidus 0.955/0.882, caudate nucleus 0.76/0.65, and putamen 0.643/0.611). During the first 2 years, the R2* values increased more rapidly than the QSM values, indicating a combined effect of iron deposition and myelination, followed by a likely dominating effect of iron deposition. There was no significant gender difference.

Conclusion
QSM and R2* can monitor myelin maturation processes and iron accumulation in the deep grey nuclei of the brain in early life and may be a promising tool for the detection of deviations of this normal process. Susceptibility in the deep nuclei is almost similar early after birth and increases more quickly in the pallidum. The combined use of QSM and R2* analysis is beneficial.
Forecasting intraspecific changes in distribution of a wide-ranging marine predator under climate change
Authors: Niella Yuri , Butcher Paul , Holmes Bonnie , Barnett Adam , Harcourt Robert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlobally, marine animal distributions are shifting in response to a changing climate. These shifts are usually considered at the species level, but individuals are likely to differ in how they respond to the changing conditions. Here, we investigate how movement behaviour and, therefore, redistribution, would differ by sex and maturation class in a wide-ranging marine predator. We tracked 115 tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) from 2002 to 2020 and forecast class-specific distributions through to 2030, including environmental factors and predicted occurrence of potential prey. Generalised Linear and Additive Models revealed that water temperature change, particularly at higher latitudes, was the factor most associated with shark movements. Females dispersed southwards during periods of warming temperatures, and while juvenile females preferred a narrow thermal range between 22 and 23 °C, adult female and juvenile male presence was correlated with either lower (< 22 °C) or higher (> 23 °C) temperatures. During La Niña, sharks moved towards higher latitudes and used shallower isobaths. Inclusion of predicted distribution of their putative prey significantly improved projections of suitable habitats for all shark classes, compared to simpler models using temperature alone. Tiger shark range off the east coast of Australia is predicted to extend ~ 3.5° south towards the east coast of Tasmania, particularly for juvenile males. Our framework highlights the importance of combining long-term movement data with multi-factor habitat projections to identify heterogeneity within species when predicting consequences of climate change. Recognising intraspecific variability will improve conservation and management strategies and help anticipate broader ecosystem consequences of species redistribution due to ocean warming.
Emodin Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis Signaling Pathway In vitro and In vivo
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Shang Luorui , Zhou Jiabin , Pan Guangtao , Zhou Fangyuan , Yang Shenglan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract—Emodin, the effective component of the traditional Chinese medicine Dahuang, has anti-inflammatory effects. However, the protective effects and potential mechanisms of emodin are not clear. This study investigated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of emodin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, we designed an LPS-induced ALI rat model. In vitro, we chose the J774A.1 cell line to establish an inflammatory cellular model, and knocked down NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) using small interfering RNA. The mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase 1 (CASP1), and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in cells and lung tissues were detected by western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 in the serum and supernatant were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The degree of pathological injury in lung tissue was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. In vitro, we demonstrated that emodin could inhibit NLRP3 and then inhibit the expression of ASC, CASP1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18. In vivo, we confirmed that emodin had protective effects on LPS-induced ALI and inhibitory effects on NLRP3 inflammasome -dependent pyroptosis. Emodin showed excellent protective effects against LPS-induced ALI by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis signaling pathway.
Superbinomial coefficients
Authors: Maurischat Kathrin , Weissauer Rainer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate several families of polynomials that are related to certain Euler type summation operators. Being integer valued at integral points, they satisfy combinatorial properties and nearby symmetries, due to triangle recursion relations involving squares of polynomials. Some of these interpolate the Delannoy numbers. The results are motivated by and strongly related to our study of irreducible Lie supermodules, where dimension polynomials in many cases show similar features.
Enhancing Education and Career Pathways Through Peer and Near-Peer Social Capital
Authors: Boat Ashley A. , Miranda Alejandra , Syvertsen Amy K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSocial capital strengthens emerging adults’ ability to reach life goals, but little is known about how peers and near-peers (slightly older and/or more experienced peers who serve in mentorship or coaching roles) support social capital development especially among young people of color. To address this gap, the current study examined how social capital derived from peers and near-peers contributes to emerging adults’ ability to actively mobilize social capital in pursuit of their education or career goals (i.e., self-initiated social capital) and, in turn, their education and career outcomes. A total of 841 emerging adults who participated in one of five community-based education and/or workforce support programs were surveyed (72% female; Mage = 20.1,SD = 1.84; 35% Latinx, 30% Black, 19% Asian, 16% Other). Peer social capital was indirectly associated with outcomes (i.e., progress towards education/career goals, commitment to paying-it-forward, collective efficacy to change systems) via greater self-initiated social capital, whereas near-peer social capital was both directly and indirectly associated with outcomes. The mechanisms by which peer and near-peer social capital support emerging adults as they work towards their goals may differ and have important program implications.
The use of lidocaine spray (Xylocaine) as a topical anaesthetic for minor ear procedures
Authors: McNally G , Izzat S 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundInjectable anaesthetic agents, topical creams and aqueous solutions have previously been used to anaesthetise the tympanic membrane for minor ear procedures. Topical creams take 20–30 minutes to work and injectable anaesthetics can cause canal swelling. The effectiveness of lidocaine spray has not previously been investigated in patients undergoing minor ear procedures.MethodsEighteen participants attending for out-patient grommet insertion or intratympanic steroid injection were prospectively recruited for this study over six months. Post-operatively, they were asked about their perceived level of pain and overall experience.ResultsThe median level of pain measured on an 11-point visual analogue scale was 2 out of 10. Forty-four per cent reported the overall experience as pleasant, with the remainder selecting slightly unpleasant (66 per cent). All participants stated they would undergo the procedure again.ConclusionXylocaine spray is simple to administer, rapid-acting and well tolerated by patients for anaesthesia of the tympanic membrane during minor ear procedures in the out-patient setting.
‘The Dagger of Dispossession Will Be Ripped Out’: The Malvinas/Falkland Islands in Argentine Song (1941–82)
Authors: Carassai Sebastián 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn April 1982, Great Britain and Argentina went to war over the Falkland Islands/Malvinas. On 14 June, the defeated Argentine military began the evacuation of the Islands. Most Argentines came to view this short war as an absurd adventure entered into by a military dictatorship in decline trying to cling on to power. Yet by analysing Argentine songs about the Malvinas from 1941 to 1982, this article shows that the national imaginary had long included ideas of sovereignty usurped and captive islands awaiting redemption. Argentine songs about the Malvinas, I maintain, can be analysed as expressions of an ‘emotional community’ around the Islands. By examining the emphases, constants and changes in the songs emerging from that community, we get a clearer picture of how ideas about the territory and its recovery changed over time.
Towards Meritocratic Apartheid? Points Systems and Migrant Access to China's Urban Public Schools
Authors: Wan Yi , Vickers Edward 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses rural migrant children's access to public schools in urban China, focusing on the implications of the recent introduction of points systems for apportioning school places. This approach, first piloted by Zhongshan city in Guangdong province from 2009, has steadily been extended nationwide. Here, we analyse the reasons for its spread and for divergence in its implementation in various urban districts. Notwithstanding rhetorical claims that points systems promote “fairness” or “equality” in the treatment of migrants, our analysis suggests that they maintain or even exacerbate the stratification of urban society, lending new legitimation to the hierarchical differentiation of entitlements. This is consistent with the aim of the 2014 “New national urbanization plan” to divert urban growth from megacities towards smaller cities. However, we argue that the use of points systems should also be seen in the context of an evolving bureaucratic-ideological project aimed at more rigorously monitoring and assessing China's entire population, invoking the logic of meritocracy for the purpose of control.