bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Aphelenchus avenae genome highlights evolutionary adaptation to desiccation
Authors: Wan Xuehua , Saito Jennifer A. , Hou Shaobin , Geib Scott M. , Yuryev Anton , Higa Lynne M. , Womersley Christopher Z. , Alam Maqsudul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSome organisms can withstand complete body water loss (losing up to 99% of body water) and stay in ametabolic state for decades until rehydration, which is known as anhydrobiosis. Few multicellular eukaryotes on their adult stage can withstand life without water. We still have an incomplete understanding of the mechanism for metazoan survival of anhydrobiosis. Here we report the 255-Mb genome of Aphelenchus avenae, which can endure relative zero humidity for years. Gene duplications arose genome-wide and contributed to the expansion and diversification of 763 kinases, which represents the second largest metazoan kinome to date. Transcriptome analyses of ametabolic state of A. avenae indicate the elevation of ATP level for global recycling of macromolecules and enhancement of autophagy in the early stage of anhydrobiosis. We catalogue 74 species-specific intrinsically disordered proteins, which may facilitate A. avenae to survive through desiccation stress. Our findings refine a molecular basis evolving for survival in extreme water loss and open the way for discovering new anti-desiccation strategies.
Two-phase mixture of iron–nickel–silicon alloys in the Earth’s inner core
Authors: Ikuta Daijo , Ohtani Eiji , Hirao Naohisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Earth’s inner core comprises iron-nickel alloys with light elements. However, there is no clarity on the phase properties of these alloys. Here we show phase relations and equations of state of iron–nickel and iron–nickel–silicon alloys up to 186 gigapascals and 3090 kelvin. An ordered derivative of the body-centred cubic structure (B2) phase was observed in these alloys. Results show that nickel and silicon influence the stability field associated with the two-phase mixture of B2 and hexagonal close-packed phases under core conditions. The two-phase mixture can give the inner core density of the preliminary reference Earth model. The compressional wave velocity of the two-phase mixture under inner core conditions is consistent with that of the preliminary reference Earth model. Therefore, a mixture of B2 and hexagonal close-packed phases may exist in the inner core and accounts for the seismological properties of the inner core such as density and velocity deficits.
Xylan utilisation promotes adaptation of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum to the human gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Watanabe Yohei , Saito Yuki , Hara Taeko , Tsukuda Naoki , Aiyama-Suzuki Yoshimi , Tanigawa-Yahagi Kana , Kurakawa Takashi , Moriyama-Ohara Kaoru , Matsumoto Satoshi , Matsuki Takahiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dietary carbohydrates impact the composition of the human gut microbiota. However, the relationship between carbohydrate availability for individual bacteria and their growth in the intestinal environment remains unclear. Here, we show that the availability of long-chain xylans (LCX), one of the most abundant dietary fibres in the human diet, promotes the growth of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum in the adult human gut. Genomic and phenotypic analyses revealed that the availability of LCX-derived oligosaccharides is a fundamental feature of B. pseudocatenulatum, and that some but not all strains possessing the endo-1,4-β-xylanase (BpXyn10A) gene grow on LCX by cleaving the xylose backbone. The BpXyn10A gene, likely acquired by horizontal transfer, was incorporated into the gene cluster for LCX-derived oligosaccharide utilisation. Co-culturing with xylanolytic Bacteroides spp. demonstrated that LCX-utilising strains are more competitive than LCX non-utilising strains even when LCX-derived oligosaccharides were supplied. In LCX-rich dietary interventions in adult humans, levels of endogenous B. pseudocatenulatum increased only when BpXyn10A was detected, indicating that LCX availability is a fitness determinant in the human gut. Our findings highlight the enhanced intestinal adaptability of bifidobacteria via polysaccharide utilisation, and provide a cornerstone for systematic manipulation of the intestinal microbiota through dietary intervention using key enzymes that degrade polysaccharide as biomarkers.
Atomically ordered Rh2P catalysts anchored within hollow mesoporous carbon for efficient hydrogen production
Authors: Guo Xuwen , Chen Xin , Huang Yanping , Min Xiaowen , Kong Chuncai , Tang Yawen , Liu Ben 
Published: October 2021

Atomically ordered Rh2P nanocluster encapsulated within a high-surface-area hollow mesoporous carbon nanoreactor is catalytically active for hydrogen production via electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and room-temperature dehydrogenation of ammonia borane.
Surface phosphorization of Ni–Co–S as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for full water splitting
Authors: Yang Hua , Lin Kangdi , Zhou Zihao , Peng Chenting , Peng Shaomin , Sun Ming , Yu Lin 
Published: October 2021

The surface phosphorization of NiCo2S4 make it exhibit superior electrochemical activity, which is ascribed to the modulation of electronic structure, the rise of conductivity, the promotion of electrochemical surface area and the active sites.
Application of expanded graphite-based materials for rechargeable batteries beyond lithium-ions
Authors: Li Le , Zhang Weizhuo , Pan Weijie , Wang Mengyu , Zhang Hairan , Zhang Duo , Zhang Dan 
Published: October 2021

In this review, we evaluate and summarize the application of expanded graphite-based materials in rechargeable batteries, including alkaline ions (such as Na+, K+) storage and multivalent ion (such as Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Al3+) storage batteries.
The immune niche of the liver
Authors: Cheng Michael L. , Nakib Diana , Perciani Catia T. , MacParland Sonya A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe liver is an essential organ that is critical for the removal of toxins, the production of proteins, and the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Behind each liver functional unit, termed lobules, hides a heterogeneous, complex, and well-orchestrated system. Despite parenchymal cells being most commonly associated with the liver’s primary functionality, it has become clear that it is the immune niche of the liver that plays a central role in maintaining both local and systemic homeostasis by propagating hepatic inflammation and orchestrating its resolution. As such, the immunological processes that are at play in healthy and diseased livers are being investigated thoroughly in order to understand the underpinnings of inflammation and the potential avenues for restoring homeostasis. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the immune niche of the liver and provides perspectives for how the implementation of new transcriptomic, multimodal, and spatial technologies can uncover the heterogeneity, plasticity, and location of hepatic immune populations. Findings from these technologies will further our understanding of liver biology and create a new framework for the identification of therapeutic targets.
Explicit and Implicit Cognitive Processes Associated With Microaggression Endorsement
Authors: McLean Mitchell , Roche Jennifer M. , Audet Lisa , Stribling Desiree , Kaufman Rachael 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
Social standards that support White normativity impact communication styles and use of microaggressions that alienate minority and culturally/linguistically diverse groups. Though professionals in education and communication sciences and disorders (CSD) attempt to help students/clients navigate the world, CSD professionals focus more on nonnormativity as different, not bad, whereas mainstream education focuses on meeting normative standards—potentially impacting how preprofessional students approach and understand non-inclusive language. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the prevalence of microaggression endorsement (i.e., indicating they would use a phrase, even if unaware of its potential harm) and adaptation to feedback that may promote changes in microaggressive language endorsements by preservice students in predominantly White-dominated disciplines with different approaches to nonnormativity.

Method:
Computer mouse-tracking was used to explore explicit and implicit cognition before and after corrective feedback regarding the perception and social impact of microaggressions among 37 undergraduate preservice CSD and education majors.

Results:
Preservice CSD undergraduates were far less likely to endorse microaggression statements, and agree with the potential harm microaggressions cause. Preservice CSD undergraduates also experienced more cognitive competition when making decisions about microaggressions, but this cognitive competition lessened after feedback.

Conclusions:
This study of microaggressions is promising, as it demonstrates that preservice educators and CSD undergraduates are sensitive to the harm microaggressions cause, but both groups of preprofessionals may still hold some non-inclusive notions that may be damaging to colleagues, clients, and students. Fortunately, this understanding of the research suggests that awareness may be an important factor affecting change, promoting cultural competence, and providing opportunities for reflection.

Supplemental Materials:

https://osf.io/kax8t/
Multi‐stream adaptive spatial‐temporal attention graph convolutional network for skeleton‐based action recognition
Authors: Yu Lubin , Tian Lianfang , Du Qiliang , Bhutto Jameel Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSkeleton‐based action recognition algorithms have been widely applied to human action recognition. Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) generalize convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to non‐Euclidean graphs and achieve significant performance in skeleton‐based action recognition. However, existing GCN‐based models have several issues, such as the topology of the graph is defined based on the natural skeleton of the human body, which is fixed during training, and it may not be applied to different layers of the GCN model and diverse datasets. Besides, the higher‐order information of the joint data, for example, skeleton and dynamic information is not fully utilised. This work proposes a novel multi‐stream adaptive spatial‐temporal attention GCN model that overcomes the aforementioned issues. The method designs a learnable topology graph to adaptively adjust the connection relationship and strength, which is updated with training along with other network parameters. Simultaneously, the adaptive connection parameters are utilised to optimise the connection of the natural skeleton graph and the adaptive topology graph. The spatial‐temporal attention module is embedded in each graph convolution layer to ensure that the network focuses on the more critical joints and frames. A multi‐stream framework is built to integrate multiple inputs, which further improves the performance of the network. The final network achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on both the NTU‐RGBD and Kinetics‐Skeleton action recognition datasets. The simulation results prove that the proposed method reveals better results than existing methods in all perspectives and that shows the superiority of the proposed method.
Parallel GPF solution: A GPU‐CPU‐based vectorization parallelization and sparse technique for NR implementation
Authors: Zhao Jingbo , Tao Yan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs an essential simulation tool, global power flow (GPF) can approximately model mutual impacts of interactions between transmission system (TS) and distribution system (DS). However, sequential GPF lacks timely solution performance required in several applications built on top of GPF, for example, contingency analysis. To address this issue, graphic processing unit (GPU) with excellent floating‐point arithmetic operations is introduced and in turn a Master‐Slave‐Splitting (MSS) based parallel GPF approach is proposed via vectorization parallelization under GPU‐CPU heterogeneous architecture. First, the root cause behind sparsity property of GPF and its impacts on key steps of NR‐based GPF approach are quantitatively analysed. Considering the studies carried out in the authors' previous work of the application of GPU and sparse techniques on TS power flow (TS‐PF), its applications on parallel implementations of corresponding steps engaged in three‐phase imbalanced DS power flow (DS‐PF) is mainly focused on. Numerical studies validate the effects of various custom‐designed parallel schemes on acceleration enhancement of individual steps in the proposed GPU‐CPU parallel GPF approach.
Case study of power allocation strategy for a grid‐side lead‐carbon battery energy storage system
Authors: Li Xining , Geng Guangchao , Jiang Quanyuan , Ma Junchao , Ni Qiulong , Guo Kaijie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBattery energy storage system (BESS) is an important component of future energy infrastructure with significant renewable energy penetration. Lead‐carbon battery is an evolution of the traditional lead‐acid technology with the advantage of lower life cycle cost and it is regarded as a promising candidate for grid‐side BESS deployment. However, inconsistency among lead‐carbon batteries in a BESS is a major concern which has to be carefully considered in practical operation. One of the available approaches to relieve this issue is to develop a sophisticated power allocation strategy (PAS) among multiple converters inside the BESS. This work conducts a comprehensive case study on the impact of PAS in a grid‐side 12 MW/48 MWh BESS recently constructed in Zhejiang, China (Zhicheng energy storage station, the first grid‐side lead‐carbon BESS in China). Three different PASs (i.e. averaged, state weighted and state prioritized) are investigated and benchmarked with two typical BESS application scenarios of peak shaving and frequency regulation, from real‐world experiments using the aforementioned BESS. The performance of the strategies is quantitatively evaluated by three indices defined in this work. The state prioritized strategy is found to be the most effective for this lead‐carbon BESS.
A solar flare driven by thermal conduction observed in mid-infrared
Authors: López Fernando M. , Giménez de Castro Carlos Guillermo , Mandrini Cristina H. , Simões Paulo J. A. , Cristiani Germán D. , Gary Dale E. , Francile Carlos , Démoulin Pascal 
Published: October 2021

Context. The mid-infrared (mid-IR) range has been mostly unexplored for the investigation of solar flares. It is only recently that new mid-IR flare observations have begun opening a new window into the response and evolution of the solar chromosphere. These new observations have been mostly performed by the AR30T and BR30T telescopes that are operating in Argentina and Brazil, respectively.
Aims. We present the analysis of SOL2019-05-15T19:24, a GOES class C2.0 solar flare observed at 30 THz (10 μm) by the ground-based telescope AR30T. Our aim is to characterize the evolution of the flaring atmosphere and the energy transport mechanism in the context of mid-IR emission.
Methods. We performed a multi-wavelength analysis of the event by complementing the mid-IR data with diverse ground- and space-based data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), the H-α Solar Telescope for Argentina, and the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array (EOVSA). Our study includes the analysis of the magnetic field evolution of the flaring region and of the development of the flare.
Results. The mid-IR images from AR30T show two bright and compact flare sources that are spatially associated with the flare kernels observed in ultraviolet (UV) by SDO. We confirm that the temporal association between mid-IR and UV fluxes previously reported for strong flares is also observed for this small flare. The EOVSA microwave data revealed flare spectra consistent with thermal free-free emission, which lead us to dismiss the existence of a significant number of non-thermal electrons. We thus consider thermal conduction as the primary mechanism responsible for energy transport. Our estimates for the thermal conduction energy and total radiated energy fall within the same order of magnitude, reinforcing our conclusions.
Tranexamic acid and reduction of blood transfusion in lower limb trauma surgery: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Kaur Gurleen , Selhi Harpal Singh , Delmotra Naresh Jyoti , Singh Jaspreet 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Post-operative blood loss in lower limb trauma fractures increases morbidity. Very few studies have evaluated the efficacy of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss and the consequent requirement of blood transfusion in the Indian population. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study of 100 patients with lower limb trauma. Fifty patients were given 1 g of TXA before surgery, and 50 patients were not given TXA. The requirement of blood transfusion, fall in Hb, the number of days admitted in the hospital after surgery were recorded, and evidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was monitored. Results: Baseline demographics between the groups were comparable. The required blood transfusion and fall in Hb in patients receiving intra-operative TXA were significantly lower than those not given TXA (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups (p = 0.6). There was no significant difference in the incidence of DVT in both groups. Discussion: TXA helps reduce the morbidity of trauma patients by reducing the requirement for blood transfusion. Its use is safe in lower limb trauma surgery and lowers the cost of therapy to the patient.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased incidence of osteoporosis and bone fractures
Authors: Loosen Sven H. , Roderburg Christoph , Kostev Karel , Luedde Tom , Demir Münevver , Qvartskhava Natalia , Keitel Verena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and osteoporosis are common diseases with a rising incidence worldwide. Both diseases occur in similar patient populations, however, data on their mutual influence are conflicting. Here, we aimed to evaluate the impact of NAFLD on the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures by using the Disease Analyzer database featuring data on diagnoses, prescriptions, and demographic aspects of 7.49 million cases followed in general practices in Germany.
Methods A total of 50,689 patients with NAFLD diagnosed between 2000 and 2015 were matched by age, sex, index year, and 3 comorbidities (obesity, diabetes mellitus, and vitamin D/calcium deficiency) to a cohort of equal size without NAFLD. Incidence of osteoporosis and bone fractures were compared between both groups within 10 years from the index date.
Results Within the observation period, the incidence of osteoporosis was significantly higher in the NAFLD group (6.4%) compared to patients without NAFLD (5.1%; log-rank, p < 0.001). Similar results were observed for bone fractures (12.6 vs. 10.3 %; log-rank p < 0.001). The difference was more pronounced in women compared to men and observed in all age groups >50 years of age.
Conclusion Our data show that NAFLD is significantly associated with osteoporosis as well as bone fractures in a large cohort of patients followed in German general practices. This finding suggests that NAFLD patients might benefit from improved monitoring for the occurrence of bone demineralization and osteoporosis, which in turn could trigger preventive therapeutic measures.
Effekte einer ambulanten Kompaktrehabilitation auf körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit und Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Berufskrankheiten der Lunge
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Authors: Oldenburger Alexander , Teschler Helmut , Teschler Sebastian , Ernst Friedrich , Goergens Andreas 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland findet die Lungenrehabilitation (PR) traditionell in Rehabilitationskliniken statt. Nach der aktuellen deutschen Richtlinie „Diagnostik und Beurteilung asbestbedingter Berufskrankheiten“ kann PR auch als ambulantes Programm mit den wesentlichen Elementen der stationären PR (Kompakt-Rehabilitation [KR]) angeboten werden. Unser Projekt untersuchte die Auswirkungen der KR auf Akzeptanz, körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit und Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit berufsbedingten Lungenerkrankungen. KR umfasste 24 Einheiten à 90 Minuten mit Physiotherapie und Atemtherapie sowie gerätegestütztes Kraft- und Ausdauertraining. Ziel unserer Studie war es, die Auswirkungen der KR bei Patienten mit Berufskrankheiten der Atemwege und einem gesetzlich verankerten Recht auf PR zu untersuchen. Eine Randomisierung war daher nicht geplant. 148 versicherte Personen mit einer bestätigten beruflichen Erkrankung der Lunge wurden von den Berufsgenossenschaften zur Teilnahme eingeladen. 126 Patienten (85 %) nahmen die Einladung an, und 78 Teilnehmer (Durchschnittsalter 71 Jahre) schlossen das gesamte Programm ab (53 %). Gutartige asbestbedingte Erkrankungen (Plaques, Pleuraverdickungen, Asbestose) dominierten mit rund 80 %. Gebrechlichkeit, Depression und Demenz sind typische Hindernisse. Unter strikter Einhaltung der gewählten Einschluss- und Ausschlusskriterien und Trainingsbedingungen traten keine unerwünschten Ereignisse auf. Die Messergebnisse am Beginn der KR wurden mit denen bei Beendigung verglichen. KR führte zu einer signifikanten (p < 0,01) Verbesserung aller Parameter der körperlichen Leistung: 6-Minuten-Gehtest: + 36 m, Ergometertest: + 9 Watt, Handdynamometrie: + 29 N, Quadriceps-Krafttest: + 84 MKI. Die Inspirationskapazität der Atemmuskulatur (Pimax: + 1,1 kPa) verbesserte sich ebenfalls (p < 0,01). Der SF-36 zeigte eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität (p < 0,05) in den Subdomänen „geistiges Wohlbefinden“ (+ 3,7) und „körperliche Rollenfunktion“ (+ 4,2). Somit erweist sich die KR unter Berücksichtigung der gewählten Einschluss- und Ausschlusskriterien als sichere und effektive Therapie. KR wird von Patienten ohne schwere Komorbiditäten weithin akzeptiert und erzielt positive Effekte, die mit denen vergleichbar sind, die in Rehabilitationskliniken nachgewiesen wurden. Ambulante KR eignet sich daher zur Behebung des Mangels an strukturierten und zertifizierten Rehabilitations- und Schulungsangeboten in Rehabilitationskliniken und zur Verstetigung der dort erzielten Effekte für versicherte Patienten mit berufsbedingten Atemwegs- und Lungenerkrankungen.