bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A perspective on alloy effects between polymer additives in the development of nondust blends: A DSC and spectroscopic evaluation
Authors: Allen Norman S. , Edge Michele , Hussain Sajid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe optimum synergistic melt blending of 18 antioxidants and light stabilizers has been evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and melting point phase plots obtained to evaluate any effective true eutectic mixtures. Although only three systems gave true eutectic mixtures, optimum lower temperature melt blends were possible up to 230°C. Systems with Lowilite 26 and Cyasorb 1164 showed effective eutectic mixtures especially with hindered piperidine stabilizers while those based on Anox 20 and Lowilite 62 were poor. Eutectic mixtures between aromatic phenolics and amines infer that they are not simply a mechanical mixture of the two components, but a preferential ordering of atomic planes occurs during their formation associated with intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultra‐violet (UV) absorption analysis showed in some cases strong bonding interactions between some of the additives where hydroxyl, amine, and carbonyl groups can potentially interact. This was especially notable where strong eutectic behavior was observed for benzophenone absorbers, where alkoxy substitution (Lowilite 22) was replaced by hydroxyl groups (Lowilite 24). Strong interaction between hindered piperidine and phenolic antioxidants also gave effective eutectic lattice phases. The analysis is discussed in relation to potential outcomes for the use of additive melt blends in polymer stabilization.
Advancements in release‐active antimicrobial biomaterials: A journey from release to relief
Authors: Bhattacharjee Brinta , Ghosh Sreyan , Patra Dipanjana , Haldar Jayanta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEscalating medical expenses due to infectious diseases are causing huge socioeconomic pressure on mankind globally. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has further aggravated this problem. Drug‐resistant pathogens are also capable of forming thick biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces to thrive in a harsh environment. To address these clinical problems, various strategies including antibacterial agent delivering matrices and bactericidal coatings strategies have been developed. In this review, we have discussed various types of polymeric vehicles such as hydrogels, sponges/cryogels, microgels, nanogels, and meshes, which are commonly used to deliver antibiotics, metal nanoparticles, and biocides. Compositions of these polymeric matrices have been elaborately depicted by elucidating their chemical interactions and potential activity have been discussed. On the other hand, various implant/device‐surface coating strategies which exploit the release‐active mechanism of bacterial killing are discussed in elaboration.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Semi-synthetic Data and Testbed for Long-Distance E-Vehicle Routing
Authors: Barauskas Andrius , Brilingaitė Agnė , Bukauskas Linas , Čeikutė Vaida , Čivilis Alminas , Šaltenis Simonas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectric and autonomous mobility will increasingly rely on advanced route planning algorithms. Robust testing of these algorithms is dependent on the availability of large realistic data sets. Such data sets should capture realistic time-varying traffic patterns and corresponding travel-time and energy-use predictions. Ideally, time-varying availability of charging infrastructure and vehicle-specific charging-power curves should be included in the data to support advanced planning.We contribute with a modular testbed architecture including a semi-synthetic data generator that uses a state-of-the-art traffic simulator, real traffic distribution patterns, EV-specific data, and elevation data to generate time-dependent travel-time and energy-use weights in a road-network graph. The experimental study demonstrates that the testbed can reproduce travel-time and energy-use patterns for long-distance trips similar to commercially available services.
On Kakeya Conditions for Achievement Sets
Authors: Marchwicki Jacek , Miska Piotr 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe prove that for each infinite subset C of $${\mathbb {N}}$$
N
there exists a sequence $$(x_n)$$

(

x
n

)

such that $$\{n: x_n>r_n\}=C$$

{
n
:

x
n

>

r
n

}
=
C

and the achievement set $$A(x_n)$$

A
(

x
n

)

is a Cantor set. Moreover, we show that it is possible to construct a sequence $$(x_n)$$

(

x
n

)

such that the set $$\{n: x_n>r_n\}$$

{
n
:

x
n

>

r
n

}

has asymptotic density $$\alpha $$
α
for each $$\alpha \in [0,1)$$

α
∈
[
0
,
1
)

and $$A(x_n)$$

A
(

x
n

)

is a Cantorval.
The Generalized Complex Kernel Affine Projection Algorithms
Authors: Wang Xiaojian , Zhang Ming , Li Jianxing , Chen Wenchao , Zhang Anxue 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe complex kernel adaptive filter (CKAF) has been widely applied to the complex-valued nonlinear problem in signal processing and machine learning. However, most of the CKAF applications involve the complex kernel least mean square (CKLMS) algorithms, which work in a pure complex or complexified reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). In this paper, we propose the generalized complex kernel affine projection (GCKAP) algorithms in the widely linear complex-valued RKHS (WL-RKHS). The proposed algorithms have two main notable features. One is that they provide a complete solution for both circular and non-circular complex nonlinear problems and show many performance improvements over the CKAP algorithms. The other is that the GCKAP algorithms inherit the simplicity of the CKLMS algorithm while reducing its gradient noise and boosting its convergence. The second-order statistical characteristics of WL-RKHS have also been developed. An augmented Gram matrix consists of a standard Gram matrix and a pseudo-Gram matrix. This decomposition provides more underlying information when the real and imaginary parts of the signal are correlated and learning is independent. In addition, some online sparsification criteria are compared comprehensively in the GCKAP algorithms, including the novelty criterion, the coherence criterion, and the angle criterion. Finally, two nonlinear channel equalization experiments with non-circular complex inputs are presented to illustrate the performance improvements of the proposed algorithms.
Magnetization Transfer Ratio of Peripheral Nerve and Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Fösleitner Olivia , Schwehr Véronique , Godel Tim , Preisner Fabian , Bäumer Philipp , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Kronlage Moritz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the correlation of peripheral nerve and skeletal muscle magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) with demographic variables.

Methods
In this study 59 healthy adults evenly distributed across 6 decades (mean age 50.5 years ±17.1, 29 women) underwent magnetization transfer imaging and high-resolution T2-weighted imaging of the sciatic nerve at 3 T. Mean sciatic nerve MTR as well as MTR of biceps femoris and vastus lateralis muscles were calculated based on manual segmentation on six representative slices. Correlations of MTR with age, body height, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were expressed by Pearson coefficients. Best predictors for nerve and muscle MTR were determined using a multiple linear regression model with forward variable selection and fivefold cross-validation.

Results
Sciatic nerve MTR showed significant negative correlations with age (r = −0.47, p < 0.001), BMI (r = −0.44, p < 0.001), and body weight (r = −0.36, p = 0.006) but not with body height (p = 0.55). The multiple linear regression model determined age and BMI as best predictors for nerve MTR (R2 = 0.40). The MTR values were different between nerve and muscle tissue (p < 0.0001), but similar between muscles. Muscle MTR was associated with BMI (r = −0.46, p < 0.001 and r = −0.40, p = 0.002) and body weight (r = −0.36, p = 0.005 and r = −0.28, p = 0.035). The BMI was selected as best predictor for mean muscle MTR in the multiple linear regression model (R2 = 0.26).

Conclusion
Peripheral nerve MTR decreases with higher age and BMI. Studies that assess peripheral nerve MTR should consider age and BMI effects. Skeletal muscle MTR is primarily associated with BMI but overall less dependent on demographic variables.
Does position of the wrist during cast immobilisation in patients with distal radius fractures affect outcome?
Authors: van Delft Eva Anna Klazina , van Gelder Tamara Geertruda , Vermeulen Jefrey , Schep Niels Willem Luitzen , Bloemers Frank Willen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The position of the wrist during cast immobilisation following closed reduction of distal radius fractures is disputed. A systematic review was initiated to assess if there was any relation between wrist position in the cast and outcome in adult patients with non-operatively treated distal radius fractures.

Methods
A comprehensive search was performed in the bibliographic databases Medline, Embase and Wiley/Cochrane Library from inception up to 27 November 2020. Eligible studies were: randomised controlled trials, prospective and retrospective comparative cohort studies, analysing different positions of the wrist in cast-immobilisation following closed reduction. Primary outcome of the study was functional outcome measured by range of motion. Secondary outcomes were functional outcomes measured by grip strength, patient-reported outcome, radiological outcome and complications such as secondary dislocation and pain.

Results
The initial search yielded 2733 studies. Five trials, with 519 patients, were included in this systematic review. Range of motion and radiological outcome was significantly better in patients who were immobilised in dorsiflexion compared to palmar flexion or neutral position, although no clinical important difference was found. There were no significant differences in patient-reported outcome, pain, grip strength or complications. Due to heterogeneity of the included studies, data were unsuitable for a meta-analysis.

Conclusion
This systematic review showed statistically significant better results in favour of cast immobilisation in dorsiflexion, although this small difference does not seem to be relevant in patients daily activities.

Systematic review registration number
Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018085546.
Language Family Engineering with Product Lines of Multi-level Models
Authors: de Lara Juan , Guerra Esther 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Modelling is an essential activity in software engineering. It
typically involves two meta-levels: one includes meta-models that
describe modelling languages, and the other contains models built by
instantiating those meta-models.
Multi-level modelling
generalizes this approach by allowing models to span an arbitrary
number of meta-levels. A scenario that profits from multi-level
modelling is the definition of language families that can be
specialized (e.g., for different domains) by successive refinements
at subsequent meta-levels, hence promoting language reuse. This
enables an
open
set of variability options given by all
possible specializations of the language family. However,
multi-level modelling lacks the ability to express
closed
variability regarding the availability of language primitives or the
possibility to opt between alternative primitive realizations. This
limits the reuse opportunities of a language family. To improve this
situation, we propose a novel combination of product lines with
multi-level modelling to cover both open and closed variability. Our
proposal is backed by a formal theory that guarantees correctness,
enables top-down and bottom-up language variability design, and is
implemented atop the
MetaDepth
multi-level modelling tool.
The equal collective gains value in cooperative games
Authors: Ramón Emilio Calvo , Gutiérrez-López Esther 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe property of equal collective gains means that each player should obtain the same benefit from the cooperation of the other players in the game. We show that this property jointly with efficiency characterize a new solution, called the equal collective gains value (ECG-value). We introduce a new class of games, the average productivity games, for which the ECG-value is an imputation. For a better understanding of the new value, we also provide four alternative characterizations of it, and a negotiation model that supports it in subgame perfect equilibrium.
Epidemiology and aetiology of male and female sexual dysfunctions related to pelvic ring injuries: a systematic review
Authors: Rovere Giuseppe , Perna Andrea , Meccariello Luigi , De Mauro Domenico , Smimmo Alessandro , Proietti Luca , Falez Francesco , Maccauro Giulio , Liuzza Francesco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Pelvic ring injuries, frequently caused by high energy trauma, are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality (5–33%), often due to significant blood loss and disruption of the lumbosacral plexus, genitourinary system, and gastrointestinal system. The aim of the present study is to perform a systematic literature review on male and female sexual dysfunctions related to traumatic lesions of the pelvic ring.

Methods
Scopus, Cochrane Library MEDLINE via PubMed, and Embase were searched using the keywords: “Pelvic fracture,” “Pelvic Ring Fracture,” “Pelvic Ring Trauma,” “Pelvic Ring injury,” “Sexual dysfunction,” “Erectile dysfunction,” “dyspareunia,” and their MeSH terms in any possible combination. The following questions were formulated according to the PICO (population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C), and outcome (O)) scheme: Do patients suffering from pelvic fracture (P) report worse clinical outcomes (C), in terms of sexual function (O), when urological injury occurs (I)? Is the sexual function (O) influenced by the type of fracture (I)?

Results
After screening 268 articles by title and abstract, 77 were considered eligible for the full-text analysis. Finally 17 studies that met inclusion criteria were included in the review. Overall, 1364 patients (902 males and 462 females, M/F ratio: 1.9) suffering from pelvic fractures were collected.

Discussion
Pelvic fractures represent challenging entities, often concomitant with systemic injuries and subsequent morbidity. Anatomical consideration, etiology, correlation between sexual dysfunction and genitourinary lesions, or pelvic fracture type were investigated.

Conclusion
There are evidences in the literature that the gravity and frequency of SD are related with the pelvic ring fracture type. In fact, patients with APC, VS (according Young-Burgess), or C (according Tile) fracture pattern reported higher incidence and gravity of SD. Only a week association could be found between GUI and incidence and gravity of SD, and relationship between surgical treatment and SD. Electrophysiological tests should be routinely used in patient suffering from SD after pelvic ring injuries.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Non-Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Combined with L-carnosine for Horizontal Neck Wrinkles Treatment
Authors: Wang Shiwei , Niu Huanyun , Liu Yao , Tan Yawen , Gao He , Ren Shuang , Wang Lin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground Horizontal neck wrinkle formation is gaining more attention among cosmetic practitioners and clients. To date, hyaluronic acid products are one of the most common treatment options for this aesthetic concern. However, different therapeutic strategies should be given to solve the problem due to multiple etiological reasons. Given that oxidative damage plays a critical role in neck wrinkle formation, anti-oxidative compounds are now considered by physicians when making a treatment plan. Aims To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid filler in combination with L-carnosine in treating horizontal neck wrinkles. Methods Thirteen patients with a Wrinkle Assessment Scale (WAS) of 2–5 for horizontal neck wrinkles were treated with L-carnosine-containing non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid. Participants were followed-up for 3 months after treatment. The post-treated WAS scores evaluated by physicians were collected when patient satisfaction was surveyed. Any post-treatment adverse events were recorded. Results With a single injection of the above filler, the physician-evaluated WAS scores improved by at least one score at one month and the improvement kept consistent as far as three months after injection. According to the last follow-up visit, 11/13 patients were satisfied with the treatment effect of their neck wrinkle. Moreover, adverse events were rare after filler injection, except for local complications that were considered common reactions to the filler injection procedure. Conclusion The non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid filler containing L-carnosine is safe and effective for treating horizontal neck wrinkles.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Checking for model consistency in optimal fingerprinting: a comment
Authors: McKitrick Ross 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAllen and Tett (1999, herein AT99) introduced a Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression methodology for decomposing patterns of climate change for attribution purposes and proposed the “Residual Consistency Test” (RCT) to check the GLS specification. Their methodology has been widely used and highly influential ever since, in part because subsequent authors have relied upon their claim that their GLS model satisfies the conditions of the Gauss-Markov (GM) Theorem, thereby yielding unbiased and efficient estimators. But AT99 stated the GM Theorem incorrectly, omitting a critical condition altogether, their GLS method cannot satisfy the GM conditions, and their variance estimator is inconsistent by construction. Additionally, they did not formally state the null hypothesis of the RCT nor identify which of the GM conditions it tests, nor did they prove its distribution and critical values, rendering it uninformative as a specification test. The continuing influence of AT99 two decades later means these issues should be corrected. I identify 6 conditions needing to be shown for the AT99 method to be valid.
Effects of a conservative in-patient voice treatment on the voice-related self-concept
Authors: Lehnert Bernhard , Nusseck Manfred , Lu Fei , Keilmann Annerose 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Observational study to determine if the voice-related self-concept as measured via the Fragebogen zur Erfassung des Stimmlichen Selbstkonzepts FESS (questionnaire for the assessment of the voice self-concept) can be improved through in-patient voice therapy.

Methods
234 female and 80 male patients that underwent an intensive 3- to 4-week in-patient voice treatment due to varying types of dysphonia. After imputation of missing items but not missing questionnaires, 255 patients were eligible for FESS evaluation, 313 for VHI-12 evaluation.
The German questionnaire for the assessment of the voice self-concept (FESS) and the German 12-item short-form of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI-12) were administered at the beginning and at the end of the hospital stay. Before–after comparisons are made visually and via t test.

Results
The Voice Handicap was significantly reduced, demonstrating the effectiveness of the administered therapy. Of the three scales of the FESS, the relationship with one's own voice and the awareness of the use of one's own voice was increased and thus improved. The connection between voice and emotional changes decreased significantly but only slightly.

Conclusion
Conservative voice rehabilitation can not only reduce the voice handicap, but also improve the voice self-concept and the results can be measured.
Nuclear Structure at the Crossroads
Authors: Furnstahl R. J. , Hammer H.-W. , Schwenk A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSteven Weinberg’s seminal papers from 1990–92 initiated the use of effective field theories (EFTs) for nuclei. We summarize progress, priorities, and open questions for nuclear EFT developments based on the 2019 INT program “Nuclear Structure at the Crossroads.”
Modelling Marine Predator Habitat Using the Abundance of Its Pelagic Prey in the Tropical South-Western Pacific
Authors: Receveur Aurore , Allain Valerie , Menard Frederic , Lebourges Dhaussy Anne , Laran Sophie , Ravache Andreas , Bourgeois Karen , Vidal Eric , Hare Steven R. , Weimerskirch Henri , Borsa Philippe , Menkes Christophe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the ecological mechanisms underpinning distribution patterns is vital in managing populations of mobile marine species. This study is a first step towards an integrated description of the habitats and spatial distributions of marine predators in the Natural Park of the Coral Sea, one of the world’s largest marine-protected areas at about 1.3 million km2, covering the entirety of New Caledonia’s pelagic waters. The study aims to quantify the benefit of including a proxy for prey abundance in predator niche modelling, relative to other marine physical variables. Spatial distributions and relationships with environmental data were analysed using catch per unit of effort data for three fish species (albacore tuna, yellowfin tuna and dolphinfish), sightings collected from aerial surveys for three cetacean guilds (Delphininae, Globicephalinae and Ziphiidae) and foraging locations identified from bio-tracking for three seabird species (wedge-tailed shearwater, Tahiti petrel and red-footed booby). Predator distributions were modelled as a function of a static covariate (bathymetry), oceanographic covariates (sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-aconcentration and 20 °C-isotherm depth) and an acoustically derived micronekton preyscape covariate. While distributions were mostly linked to bathymetry for seabirds, and chlorophyll and temperature for fish and cetaceans, acoustically derived prey abundance proxies slightly improved distribution models for all fishes and seabirds except the Tahiti petrel, but not for the cetaceans. Predicted spatial distributions showed that pelagic habitats occupied by predator fishes did not spatially overlap. Finally, predicted habitats and the use of the preyscapes in predator habitat modelling were discussed.