bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Fungal Aerosols from Selected Crowded Places in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Akani Nedie Patience , Nwankwo Chidiebele Emmanuel Ikechukwu , Amaku Ebele , Obilor Oluchi Mercy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The role of aerosols in the spread of infectious diseases cannot be overemphasized in the face of increased environmental pollution from different sources. This study aimed at determining the distribution of fungi occurring in the air around human dwellings. The fungal aerosols were randomly collected from five crowded environments (market, church, school, motor park and crowded home) in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria and examined. The sedimentation method was used for the microbiological sampling of air and fungi were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic method. The mean fungal load of the different crowded environments were as follows; market (3.19±0.43 log10 SFU cm−2 min−1), church (2.96±0.33 log10 SFU cm−2 min−1), school (3.22±0.29 log10 SFU cm−2 min−1), motor park (3.25±0.35 log10 SFU cm−2 min−1) and home (3.04±0.46 log10 SFU cm−2 min−1), with motor park having the highest and church having the lowest. A total of 16 fungal isolates belonging to twelve (12) genera were identified. They included Aspergillus spp. (31.25%) and Paecilomyces sp., Mucor sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., Colletotrichum sp., Cryptococcus sp., Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Chrysosporium sp. and Lophophyton sp. each having a percentage occurrence of 6.25%. Although there was no significant difference (p≥0.05) in the fungal population in the different sampled locations, Motor Park was observed to have the highest percentage occurrence (34.50%) and church the least (9.35%). The percentage occurrence from all sampled sites was in the order motor park>school>market>home>church. The presence of some potential pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus flavus pose serious public health risks.
Effect of intraoperative blood loss on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Yao Lijun , Wang Weiwei 
Published: September 2021

Background: We aimed to investigate the impact of intraoperative blood loss on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Methods: Data of a total of 409 patients (227 males, 182 females; median age: 62 years; range, 20 to 86 years) who underwent lung resection for Stage I-IIIa non-small cell lung cancer in our clinic between July 2017 and April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to confirm the threshold value of intraoperative blood loss for the prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications. Propensity score matching was performed to compare between high-intraoperative blood loss and low-intraoperative blood loss groups. A post-matching conditional logistic regression was conducted to determine the independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications.
Results: Of the patients, 86 (21.03%) developed postoperative pulmonary complications. In the propensity score matching analysis, intraoperative blood loss was shown to be a predictive factor of postoperative pulmonary complications (3.992; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54-10.35; p=0.004). The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications in high-intraoperative blood loss group was significantly higher than that the low-intraoperative blood loss group (37.5% vs. 13.9%, respectively; p=0.003). The postoperative length of stay and duration of postoperative antibiotic use were significantly prolonged in the high-intraoperative blood loss group.
Conclusion: Intraoperative blood loss serves as a significant risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications after lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Surgeons should strive to reduce intraoperative blood loss for better surgical outcomes.
TIME CONSTRAINTS ON THE FORMATION OF THE KANDALAKSHA AND KERETSK GRABENS OF THE WHITE SEA PALEO-RIFT SYSTEM FROM NEW ISOTOPIC GEOCHRONOLOGICAL DATA
Authors: Kuznetsov N. B. , Baluev A. S. , Terekhov E. N. , Kolodyazhnyi S. Yu. , Przhiyalgovskii E. S. , Romanyuk T. V. , Dubensky A. S. , Sheshukov V. S. , Lyapunov S. M. , Bayanova T. B. , Serov P. A. 
Published: September 2021

Initially, the age and stratigraphic position of the Tersk formation were determined with respect to the fact that this formation overlaps the Early Proterozoic granitoids. Its top was marked by the rocks penetrated by the Late Devonian alkaline intrusions, including explosion pipes.This article presents the U-Pb isotopic dating of detrital zircon grains (dZr) from sandstones of the Tersk formation. It describes the geochemical compositions of the rocks and the Sm-Nd study results. In our study, the weighted average age of four youngest dZr grains from the sandstones of the Tersk formation is 1145±20 Ma, which suggests that the rocks above the studied rock layer (see the Tersk formation cross-section) are is not older than the end of the Middle Riphean. The U-Pb isotopic ages of dZr grains (provenance signals) from the sandstones of the Tersk formation were compared to the ages of other Upper Precambrian clastic strata in the northeastern East European platform (EEP) and adjacent areas. Our comparative analysis shows that these rocks significantly differ in age. This conclusion is in good agreement with the idea that at the end of the Middle and during the Late Riphean, several small (mainly closed) basins separated by uplifts dominated in the paleogeographic setting of the area wherein the White Sea rift system (WSRS) formed and developed. Temporal connections of these basins with the ocean were possible. Such paleogeographic setting does not favour the development of large rivers; this is why the grabens are mainly filled with local rock materials. The Keretsk and Kandalaksha grabens (WSRS) are filled with marine sediments eroded from the grabens walls. The local sediment sources include eclogite complexes (~1.9 Ga), which basic magmatism is dated at ~2.4–2.5 and ~2.7–2.9 Ga. Any potential primary sources for dZr grains are lacking in the area near the Keretsk graben. We suggest that such grains occurred due to recycling of the secondary sources of zircon, i.e. originated from ancient local sedimentary formations.
A cross-sectional study of the nasal and fecal microbiota of sows from different health status within six commercial swine farms
Authors: Arruda Andreia G. , Deblais Loic , Hale Vanessa L. , Madden Christopher , Pairis-Garcia Monique , Srivastava Vishal , Kathayat Dipak , Kumar Anand , Rajashekara Gireesh 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundCull sows are a unique population on swine farms, often representing poor producing or compromised animals, and even though recent studies have reported that the microbiome is associated with susceptibility to diseases, the microbiome of the cull sow population has not been explored. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether there were differences in fecal and upper respiratory tract microbiota composition for groups of sows of different health status (healthy, cull, and compromised/ clinical sows) and from different farms (1 to 6).MethodsSix swine farms were visited once. Thirty individual fecal samples and nasal swabs were obtained at each farm and pooled by five across health status and farm. Samples underwent 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and nasal and fecal microbiota were analyzed using QIIME2 v.2021.4.ResultsOverall, the diversity of the nasal microbiota was lower than the fecal microbiota (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found in fecal or nasal alpha diversity by sow’s health status or by farm. There were significant differences in nasal microbial composition by farm and health status (PERMANOVA,p < 0.05), and in fecal microbiota by farm (PERMANOVA,p < 0.05), but not by health status. Lastly, at the L7 level, there was one differentially abundant taxa across farms for each nasal and fecal pooled samples.DiscussionThis study provided baseline information for nasal and fecal microbiota of sows under field conditions, and results suggest that farm of origin can affect microbial diversity and composition. Furthermore, sow’s health status may have an impact on the nasal microbiota composition.
Adsorption, Liquid Separation
Authors: Van den Bergh Matthias , Smolders Simon , De Vos Dirk 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In industry, recovery and purification of the desired end product is a crucial step in the production of many chemicals, arguably as important as the synthesis itself. The cost of separation and purification often contributes a large part of the total production cost. Selection of the appropriate separation technique and optimization of the purification process are hence of critical importance. Adsorption has been used since history for the purification and separation of both gaseous and liquid streams. Sand filtration is known since ancient times and is one of the first examples of human water treatment. Even though the exact nature and mechanism of adsorption processes have long not been well understood, adsorption has been used for a huge variety of applications through all of human history. The separation of dyes, contaminant removal from water, decolorization of sugars, and recovery of fermented products are only a few examples. Nearly every modern‐day industrial chemical‐manufacturing process requires some form of separation in general and adsorption in specific. For instance, every catalytic reaction on a solid catalyst is characterized by an adsorption step, potentially rate determining.
In this article, the basic fundamentals of adsorption, the different adsorbent types and process modes, and a selection of the most relevant industrial adsorptive separations are discussed.
Syrups
Authors: White John S. , Hebeda Ronald E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStarch‐based sweeteners, maple syrup, molasses, honey, and agave syrup—all commercially available syrups—are sweet, viscous, and concentrated carbohydrate solutions. These ingredients play an important role in a variety of food and nonfood applications. Starch‐based sweeteners are prepared from hydrolyzed starch and include dextrose, glucose syrup, maltodextrin, and high‐fructose syrup, all of which have in common the raw material source, general methods of preparation, and many properties and applications. Dextrose, the sugar building block of starch polymers and corn syrup oligomers, is available as a syrup or as a pure crystalline solid. Glucose syrups and maltodextrins are clear, colorless, and viscous liquids prepared by hydrolysis of starch to solutions of dextrose, maltose, and higher molecular weight saccharides. High‐fructose syrup is produced by the partial enzymatic isomerization of starch‐derived dextrose and can be made from a variety of starches. Maple syrup, molasses, honey, and agave syrup—like starch‐based syrups—are nutritive sweeteners produced as concentrated carbohydrate solutions.
Revisiting the Chemical Stability of Germanium Selenide (GeSe) and the Origin of its Photocatalytic Efficiency
Authors: Boukhvalov Danil W. , Nappini Silvia , Vorokhta Mykhailo , Menteş Tevfik Onur , Piliai Lesia , Panahi Mohammad , Genuzio Francesca , De Santis Jessica , Kuo Chia‐Nung , Lue Chin Shan , Paolucci Valentina , Locatelli Andrea , Bondino Federica , Politano Antonio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, germanium selenide (GeSe) has emerged as a promising van der Waals semiconductor for photovoltaics, solar light harvesting, and water photoelectrolysis cells. Contrary to previous reports claiming perfect ambient stability based on experiments with techniques without surface sensitivity, here, by means of surface‐science investigations and density functional theory, it is demonstrated that actually both: i) the surface of bulk crystals; and ii) atomically thin flakes of GeSe are prone to oxidation, with the formation of self‐assembled germanium‐oxide skin with sub‐nanometric thickness. Surface oxidation leads to the decrease of the bandgap of stoichiometric GeSe and GeSe1−x, while bandgap energy increases upon surface oxidation of Ge1−xSe. Remarkably, the formation of a surface oxide skin on GeSe crystals plays a key role in the physicochemical mechanisms ruling photoelectrocatalysis: the underlying van der Waals semiconductor provides electron–hole pairs, while the germanium‐oxide skin formed upon oxidation affords the active sites for catalytic reactions. The self‐assembled germanium‐oxide/germanium‐selenide heterostructure with different bandgaps enables the activation of photocatalytic processes by absorption of light of different wavelengths, with inherently superior activity. Finally, it is discovered that, depending on the specific solvent‐GeSe interaction, the liquid phase exfoliation of bulk crystals can induce the formation of Se nanowires.
Enhancing Performance and Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes via Coordination Engineering of Lewis Acid–Base Adducts
Authors: Heo Ye Jin , Jang Ho Jin , Lee Joo‐Hong , Jo Sae Byeok , Kim Seonkwon , Ho Dong Hae , Kwon Seok Joon , Kim Kyusun , Jeon Il , Myoung Jae‐Min , Lee Jun Yeob , Lee Jin‐Wook , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor resolving toxicity issues of Pb‐based perovskites, Sn‐based perovskites have been widely studied as a promising alternative due to similar valence electron configuration between Sn2+ and Pb2+. However, desired Sn2+ in the precursor solution and film is easily oxidized to Sn4+, causing detrimental Sn vacancies and impurities in the films. Unfortunately, dimethyl sulfoxide, a ubiquitously used Lewis base for the fabrication of high‐quality perovskite thin films via the adduct approach, further accelerates the oxidation of Sn2+ in the precursor solution. Herein, N,N′‐dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) is proposed as an alternative Lewis base for the fabrication of high‐quality Sn‐based perovskite thin films. The strongly coordinating Lewis base DMPU is shown to suppress the oxidation of Sn2+ in the precursor solution while promoting growth of uniform and highly crystalline thin films. The PEA2SnI4 perovskite light emitting diode (PeLED) based on DMPU demonstrates dramatically improves luminance (L): a more than sixfold enhanced external quantum efficiency (EQE) and better operational stability than those of the device fabricated without DMPU. The optimum PeLED based on DMPU achieves a maximum L and EQE of 68.84 cd m−2 and 0.361%, respectively. This study provides an important methodological base for studying Sn perovskites for development of high‐performance and eco‐friendly PeLEDs.
Molecular Dopant‐Dependent Charge Transport in Surface‐Charge‐Transfer‐Doped Tungsten Diselenide Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Kim Jae‐Keun , Cho Kyungjune , Jang Juntae , Baek Kyeong‐Yoon , Kim Jehyun , Seo Junseok , Song Minwoo , Shin Jiwon , Kim Jaeyoung , Parkin Stuart S. P. , Lee Jung‐Hoon , Kang Keehoon , Lee Takhee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe controllability of carrier density and major carrier type of transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs) is critical for electronic and optoelectronic device applications. To utilize doping in TMDC devices, it is important to understand the role of dopants in charge transport properties of TMDCs. Here, the effects of molecular doping on the charge transport properties of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) are investigated using three p‐type molecular dopants, 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4‐TCNQ), tris(4‐bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate (magic blue), and molybdenum tris(1,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)ethane‐1,2‐dithiolene) (Mo(tfd‐COCF3)3). The temperature‐dependent transport measurements show that the dopant counterions on WSe2 surface can induce Coulomb scattering in WSe2 channel and the degree of scattering is significantly dependent on the dopant. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis revealed that the amount of charge transfer between WSe2 and dopants is related to not only doping density, but also the contribution of each dopant ion toward Coulomb scattering. The first‐principles density functional theory calculations show that the amount of charge transfer is mainly determined by intrinsic properties of the dopant molecules such as relative frontier orbital positions and their spin configurations. The authors’ systematic investigation of the charge transport of doped TMDCs will be directly relevant for pursuing molecular routes for efficient and controllable doping in TMDC nanoelectronic devices.
Dendritic CsSnI3 for Efficient and Flexible Near‐Infrared Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lu Jianxun , Guan Xiang , Li Yuqing , Lin Kebin , Feng Wenjing , Zhao Yaping , Yan Chuanzhong , Li Mingliang , Shen Yueyue , Qin Xiangqian , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAll‐inorganic and lead‐free CsSnI3 is emerging as one of the most promising candidates for near‐infrared perovskite light‐emitting diodes (NIR Pero‐LEDs), which find practical applications including facial recognition, biomedical apparatus, night vision camera, and Light Fidelity. However, in the CsSnI3‐based Pero‐LEDs, the holes injection is significantly higher than that of electrons, resulting in unbalanced charge injection, undesired exciton dissipation, and poor device performance. Herein, it is proposed to manage charge injection and recombination behavior by tuning the interface area of perovskite and charge‐transporter. A dendritic CsSnI3 structure is prepared on the hole‐transporter, only making a bottom contact with the hole‐transporter and exposing all other available crystal surfaces to the electron‐transporter. In other words, the interface area of perovskite/electron‐transporter is significantly higher than that of perovskite/hole‐transporter. Moreover, the embedding interface of perovskite/electron‐transporter can spatially confine holes and electrons, increasing the radiation recombination. By taking advantage of the dendritic structure, efficient lead‐free NIR Pero‐LEDs are achieved with a record external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.4%. More importantly, the dendritic structure shows great superiorities in flexible devices, for there is almost no morphology change after 2000‐cycles of bends, and the fabricated Pero‐LEDs can keep 93.4% of initial EQEs after 50‐cycles of bends.
Additively Manufactured Deformation‐Recoverable and Broadband Sound‐Absorbing Microlattice Inspired by the Concept of Traditional Perforated Panels
Authors: Li Xinwei , Yu Xiang , Zhai Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNoise pollution is a highly detrimental daily health hazard. Sound absorbers, such as the traditionally used perforated panels, find widespread applications. Nonetheless, modern product designs call for material novelties with enhanced performance and multifunctionality. The advent of additive manufacturing has brought about the possibilities of functional materials design to be based on structures rather than chemistry. With this in mind, herein, the traditional concept of perforated panels is revisited and is incorporated with additive manufacturing for the development of a novel microlattice‐based sound absorber with additional impact resistance multifunctionality. The structurally optimized microlattice presents excellent broadband absorption with an averaged experimental absorption coefficient of 0.77 across a broad frequency range from 1000 to 6300 Hz. Extensive simulation and experiments reveal absorption mechanisms to be based on viscous flow, thermal and structural damping dissipations while broadband capabilities to be on multiple resonance modes working in tandem. High deformation recovery up to 30% strain is also possible from the strut‐based design and viscoelasticity of the base material. Overall, the excellent properties of the microlattice overcome tradeoffs commonly found in conventional absorbers. Additionally, this work aims to present a new paradigm: revisiting old concepts for the developments of novel materials using contemporary methods.
Interface Engineering of Metal‐Oxide Field‐Effect Transistors for Low‐Drift pH Sensing
Authors: Ren Huihui , Liang Kun , Li Dingwei , Zhao Momo , Li Fanfan , Wang Hong , Miao Xiaohe , Zhou Taofei , Wen Liaoyong , Lu Qiyang , Zhu Bowen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractField‐effect transistors (FETs) with nanoscale channels have emerged as excellent platforms for constructing high‐sensitivity biosensors. However, in typical FET‐based biosensors, the electronic perturbation at channel/electrolyte interfaces results in poor stability and severe signal drifts, making long‐term continuous measurements quite challenging. To address this issue, here the dielectric/semiconductor interface is tailored by depositing an ultrathin layer of Al2O3 (≈7 nm in thickness) on In2O3 FETs via solution‐based processes. The results show that the Al2O3 dielectric layers effectively passivate the In2O3 channel and endow the device with low operation voltage (0.05 V), high sensitivity (61.9 mV pH−1), and low current drift (0.35 mV h−1) upon long‐term and continuous pH monitoring. This work paves the way to real‐time biosensing with high sensitivity, excellent stability, and low power consumption.
CuInS2Quantum Dot and Polydimethylsiloxane Nanocomposites for All‐Optical Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Bodian Semyon , Colchester Richard J. , Macdonald Thomas J. , Ambroz Filip , Briceno de Gutierrez Martha , Mathews Sunish J. , Fong Yu Man Mandy , Maneas Efthymios , Welsby Kathryn A. , Gordon Ross J. , Collier Paul , Zhang Edward Z. , Beard Paul C. , Parkin Ivan P. , Desjardins Adrien E. , Noimark Sacha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDual‐modality imaging employing complementary modalities, such as all‐optical ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging, is emerging as a well‐suited technique for guiding minimally invasive surgical procedures. Quantum dots are a promising material for use in these dual‐modality imaging devices as they can provide wavelength‐selective optical absorption. The first quantum dot nanocomposite engineered for co‐registered laser‐generated ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging is presented. The nanocomposites developed, comprising CuInS2quantum dots and medical‐grade polydimethylsiloxane (CIS‐PDMS), are applied onto the distal ends of miniature optical fibers. The films exhibit wavelength‐selective optical properties, with high optical absorption (> 90%) at 532 nm for ultrasound generation, and low optical absorption (< 5%) at near‐infrared wavelengths greater than 700 nm. Under pulsed laser irradiation, the CIS‐PDMS films generate ultrasound with pressures exceeding 3.5 MPa, with a corresponding bandwidth of 18 MHz. An ultrasound transducer is fabricated by pairing the coated optical fiber with a Fabry–Pérot (FP) fiber optic sensor. The wavelength‐selective nature of the film is exploited to enable co‐registered all‐optical ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging of an ink‐filled tube phantom. This work demonstrates the potential for quantum dots as wavelength‐selective absorbers for all‐optical ultrasound generation.