bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Nanogels for Skin Cancer Treatments: In Vitro Drug Release, Cytotoxicity and Cellular Uptake Analysis
Authors: Rathore Swati , Rajoriya Vaibhav , Kushwaha Varun , Jain Sanyog , Kashaw Sushil K. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
The present study aimed to explore the in-vitro anticancer potential of 5-fluorouracil
(5-FU) loaded PLGA nanogels coated with nerolidol sesquiterpene.

Methods:
The emulsification-solvent evaporation technique was used for the preparation of plain
PLGA nanogels (PNGs) and 5-FU loaded PLGA nanogels (FPNGs). A surface coating of Nerolidol
(2%) sesquiterpene was employed to improve the penetration efficacy of the nanogels into the
stratum corneum.

Results:
The nanogels formulation FPNGs have the size range 220±0.25% nm obtained by dynamic
light scattering. The entrapment efficiency of approx ~ 42% with a sustained-release pattern for
24 h was estimated at different pH ranges. The cell uptake and localization profile were revealed
by confocal microscopy analysis using the HaCaT cell line. MTT assay demonstrated the cell compatibility
of nanogels, confirmed by apoptosis assay depicting the apoptotic index of 0.87.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that FPNGs are a promising nanogels system against skin cancer
that can be used to boost the chemo-therapeutic efficiency of bioactives with sustained and controlled
release at the desired site.
Outcomes of Digital Biomarker–Based Interventions: Protocol for a Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews (Preprint)
Authors: Motahari-Nezhad Hossein , Péntek Márta , Gulácsi László , Zrubka Zsombor 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Digital biomarkers are defined as objective, quantifiable, physiological, and behavioral data that are collected and measured using digital devices such as portables, wearables, implantables, or digestibles. For their widespread adoption in publicly financed health care systems, it is important to understand how their benefits translate into improved patient outcomes, which is essential for demonstrating their value.

OBJECTIVE

The paper presents the protocol for a systematic review that aims to assess the quality and strength of the evidence reported in systematic reviews regarding the impact of digital biomarkers on clinical outcomes compared to interventions without digital biomarkers.

METHODS

A comprehensive search for reviews from 2019 to 2020 will be conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane Library using keywords related to digital biomarkers and a filter for systematic reviews. Original full-text English publications of systematic reviews comparing clinical outcomes of interventions with and without digital biomarkers via meta-analysis will be included. The AMSTAR-2 tool will be used to assess the methodological quality of these reviews. To assess the quality of evidence, we will evaluate the systematic reviews using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. To detect the possible presence of reporting bias, we will determine whether a protocol was published prior to the start of the studies. A qualitative summary of the results by digital biomarker technology and outcomes will be provided.

RESULTS

This protocol was submitted before data collection. Search, screening, and data extraction will commence in December 2021 in accordance with the published protocol.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study will provide a comprehensive summary of the highest level of evidence available on digital biomarker interventions, providing practical guidance for health care providers. Our results will help identify clinical areas in which the use of digital biomarkers has led to favorable clinical outcomes. In addition, our findings will highlight areas of evidence gaps where the clinical benefits of digital biomarkers have not yet been demonstrated.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/28204
Optimalisasi Fungsi Mesin Bubut untuk Proses Pengelasan Rotary Friction Welding Dengan Menambah Jig dan Pendorong Hidrolik
Authors: Sunyoto Sunyoto , Nugraha Gesang , Subarjana Subarjana , Sasmito Agus 
Published: March 2021

Mesin bubut adalah mesin yang banyak terdapat di berbagai laboratorium mekanik sekolah menegah maupun perguruan tinggi, yang berfungsi untuk pembentukan benda kerja logam maupun non logam. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan optimalisasi fungsi mesin bubut dengan penambahan alat bantu jig sebagai penahan gerakan berputar benda kerja di sisi diam dan hidrolik sebagai pendorong arah translasi benda kerja. Penambahan jig dan hidrolik membuat fungsi mesin bubut tidak hanya sebagai alat pembentuk logam namun akan berubah menjadi mesin las gesek untuk menyambung dua bagian benda kerja yang terpisah, dimana mesin bubut standar tidak mampu melakukannya. Penelitian dimulai dari pendataan kondisi mesin bubut, pembuatan disain jig, melakukan produksi jig, uji coba merangkai jig pada mesin bubut, dan terakhir adalah uji pengelasan gesek. Pemilihan material jig dan disain yang tepat akan sangat berpengaruh pada unjuk kerja dan efisiensi jig saat proses pengelasan gesek, dalam penelitian ini proses uji coba dan perbaikan rangkaian jig dilakukan beberapakali sehingga diperoleh disain jig dan penempatan hidrolik pendorong yang tepat. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebuah rangkaian jig dan hidrolik portable untuk mesin bubut manual, sehingga mampu mengoptimalkan mesin bubut menjadi mesin las gesek. Rangkaian jig ini memiliki kelebihan mudah diproduksi dengan peralatan manual, mudah dibongkar pasang dengan cepat hanya oleh satu orang, mampu menahan getaran dari hasil pengelasan dan kemampuan produksi pengelasan yang cepat. Unjuk kerja Jig ditunjukan dengan hasil pengelasan yang lurus, nilai hasil uji tarik pada spesimen pengelasan sebesar 10,16 kN mendekati material dasar sebesar 18,97 kN. Jig hasil penelitian ini juga dapat dengan mudah diaplikasikan pada mesin bubut di laboratorium sekolah menengah, pendidikan tinggi maupun bengkel mekanik yang ada di masyarakat yang memiliki mesin bubut manual.
Bioreduksi Limbah AgNO3 Sisa Proses Pewarnaan Perak Memanfaatkan Eksopolisakarida Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Suharyono Suharyono , Mubarokah Alifah 
Published: March 2021

Limbah perak (Ag+) merupakan limbah laboratorium cair yang dihasilkan dari proses pewarnaan perak (silver staining dan immunoblotting). Dalam satu tahun Fakultas Biologi menghasilkan 5-10 liter limbah perak. Limbah ini masih mengandung kadar perak AgNO3 sebanyak 149,5 ppm. Kadar tersebut masih cukup tinggi untuk dimanfaatkan, namun tidak dapat digunakan kembali dalam proses pewarnaan. Pemanfaatan kembali limbah perak dapat dilakukan dengan mengubah partikel perak (Ag+) menjadi nanopartikel-perak (Ag-NPs) melalui proses bioreduksi. Bioreduksi limbah perak dilakukan dengan penambahan eksopolisakarida yang dihasilkan oleh B.subtilis (1:3) selama 52 hari. Nanopartikel-perak yang dihasilkan dimonitoring dengan Spektrofotometer melalui pembentukan kurva plasmon resonans pada panjang gelombang 400-500 nm. Nanopartikel-perak dari proses bioreduksi limbah tersebut mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri secara in-vitro (teknik pour plate) dapat menghambat bakteri e-coli FNCC55 dibandingkan dengan kontrol.
Pertanggungjawaban Pihak Gojek Atas Kerugian yang Diderita Konsumen dalam Hal Penyelenggaraan Pengangkutan Barang
Authors: Adi Putra I Made Pratitha , Putu Budiartha Dr. I Nyoman , Sri Astiti Ni Gusti Ketut 
Published: March 2021

Go-Jek phenomenon is an innovation of conventional transport phenomena due to the evidence and/or the transport documents of electronic documents, so it is necessary to know how the carrier accountability for losses suffered by consumers (service users) in the carriage of goods by the entrepreneurs of PT. Go-Jek Indonesia and the legal efforts that can be done by consumers. There is a problem in this case 1) how is the transport accountability for losses suffered by consumers (service users) in the carriage of goods by the entrepreneur PT. Go- Jek Indonesia? 2) What is the legal remedy made by the consumer (service user) to the carrier for the losses he suffered?. The method in this research is the type of normative legal research conducted by the recording method and assessment based on the materials of the law. In writing the authors examine and collect information through the books of the law without deviating from the positive laws in order to assemble a conclusion. Mechanisms of accountability for compensation of consumers because of misconduct of business, PT. Go-Jek Indonesia provides assurance and/or warranty on its services through the terms and conditions that have been listed in the official website that gives a maximum of Rp. 10 million,-. The remedies that can be done by consumers to the carrier for the damage that is suffered is in accordance with the provisions of the Consumer Protection Act,
Penyelesaian Sengketa Pajak Penghasilan (PPH) Pasal 21 Melalui Pengadilan Pajak
Authors: Ina Sulastini Ni Made , Widiat Ida Ayu Putu i , Sutama I Nyoman 
Published: March 2021

In the case of taxation obligations, it is not uncommon for tax disputes to occur between the taxpayers and the competent authorities. There are two main problems raised in this study, namely: 1. How is the Tax Court authorized in resolving the tax dispute?, 2. How is the process of resolving income tax disputes article 21 through the Tax Court?. The research methods used in this study are normative legal research methods. Approach to the problem used is the legislation approach. Based on the results of the study indicates that the authority of the Tax Court is resolving tax disputes. The Tax Court in respect of appeals only examines and severes disputes on decision objections, as well as in the event of a tax court lawsuit entitled to inspect and terminate disputes over the implementation of tax collection. In addition to the duties and authorities referred to in article 31, the Tax Court also supervises the legal authority that provides legal aid to the parties to the dispute in the courts of the Tax Court. In the event of an income tax dispute of article 21, the settlement will be done by attempts by law objection if the taxpayer is not satisfied on the decision of the objection then the taxpayer may apply for a legal remedy to the Tax Court . In addition to the appeal remedies that can be submitted to a tax court, taxpayers may also submit a lawsuit.
Pandemia: riesgo viral contra la noción contemporánea del Estado de derecho
Authors: Rubio Medina Edwin 
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo es un esfuerzo reflexivo en torno a las consecuencias sociales, políticas y jurídicas que pudiera arrojar la actual pandemia ocasionada por la COVID-19. En este sentido, se parte de una visión médica que conduce a explicar la epidemia a nivel global. Se plantea que a través de las medidas neoliberales de los últimos años se ha llevado a que muchos países no se encuentren preparados para mitigar el impacto de esta crisis. Para comprender este fenómeno, el presente trabajo recurre a biopolitizar el virus, con el argumento principal de los peligros del tránsito del derecho como representación de comunidad a un enfoque privatista (inmunizado). Esto representaría la afectación de derechos fundamentales, tales como la salud. La metodología consistió en recopilar, analizar y comparar algunas de las principales posturas académicas alrededor de las posibles afectaciones causadas por la enfermedad del coronavirus, las cuales atentan contra los conceptos de Estado y del derecho. En conclusión, la presente epidemia puede trastocar negativamente el ya deteriorado tejido conformado por la relación entre hombre-comunidad y Estado. Sin embargo, una reorientación de los modelos de Estado y del derecho puede constituir un tipo de cura contra la inmunización social.
Supporting Information "Quantum logic gates based on DNAtronics, RNAtronics and Proteintronics"
Authors: Sheu Sheh-Yi , Hsu Hua-Yi , Yang Dah-Yen 
Published: March 2021

This Supporting Information includes the extended description of the
superposition state of the asymmetric double-well system in vacuum
system and in solution, truth tables for the residue pairs and their
corresponding quantum logic gates, and figures for the double well
potential energy surfaces and transmission spectra of the residue pairs.

Corresponding Authors

Email: sysheu@ym.edu.tw and dyyang@pub.iams.sinica.edu.tw
Respon dan Keberdayaan Petani dalam Program Corporate Social Responsibility PT Pertamina di D.I. Yogyakarta
Authors: Widiputranti Christine Sri 
Published: March 2021

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) merupakan etika bisnis perusahaan yang diimplementasikan dalam suatu program untuk meningkatkan sosial ekonomi masyarakat sekitar perusahaan. Dalam penelitian ini, PT Pertamina Terminal Bahan Bakar Minyak Rewulu melaksanakan kegiatan CSR guna meningkatkan keberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan/ pengaruh antara aktivitas program CSR dengan respons petani, dan respons dengan keberdayaan petani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Argomulyo Kecamatan Sedayu Kabupaten Bantul yang merupakan area sekitar perusahaan Pertamina. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey, dengan mengambil sampel sejumlah 22 orang petani dengan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dan statistik non parametrik (korelasi spearman) untuk melihat hubungan antara respons petani tarhadap program CSR dengan keberdayaan petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada korelasi positif antara aktivitas program CSR dengan respon petani, juga korelasi positif antara respon petani dengan tingkat keberdayaan. Semakin tinggi aktivitas program pertanian organik maka akan meningkatkan respon petani dalam bertani organik. CSR dinilai meningkatkan semangat kerja yang menyebabkan peningkatkan keberdayaan petani, yakni mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, mengatasi problema cara berproduksi, pengolahan, dan pengembangan usaha.
Kata kunci: Corporate Social Responsibility, respons, keberdayaan, petani
Gender Equity in Australian Health Leadership
Authors: Cohn Amanda , Cubitt Mya , Goh Anita , Hempenstall Allison , Hoffman Rebekah , Lai Christine , Munro Jane , Silvester Carly , Skinner Clare , Verran Deborah , Walter Jordan 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To ascertain the gender distribution across public health boards in Australia.
Design & Setting: Analysis of data and information obtained from a cross sectional audit of online publicly listed health boards within Australia from October to December 2019.
Results: The majority of public health boards have close to equal representation of women as board members however women are underrepresented in Chair roles. Victoria has significantly more women on health boards, whereas New South Wales has significantly less women on health boards and in Chair positions.
Conclusions: Further efforts are required to drive gender equity in senior leadership roles in public health boards across Australia
Assessing Quality of Healthcare Delivery When Making Choices: National Survey on Health Consumers’ Decision Making Practices
Authors: Avery Mark , Cripps Allan , Rogers Gary D 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Choices and quality decisions made by consumers in relation to their healthcare have been associated with personal experience of those services, interpersonal engagement and reliance on third-party information, as well as the subsequent satisfaction with the service. The purpose of this research was to understand current information sources, determinants of quality discernment and decision-making factors by consumers in the Australian community in relation to healthcare.
Method: Conventional content analysis research was undertaken in the form of a national telephone survey of 200 consumers. Open-ended questions were used to elicit information from the general community.
Results: Reputation and other key interpersonal and structural elements are utilised in determining quality of healthcare services as well as in deployment as key factors in decision-making regarding use of healthcare services. While most respondents valued and used key information about provider relationships, outcomes performance and performance rankings, up to 20% of respondents did not know or could not identify ways in which they would assess and evaluate the quality of healthcare services.
Conclusion: This research identifies that consumers use a range of information and advice relating to experience, interpersonal engagement and information from third-party sources. If healthcare providers develop clearer communications around their technical, procedural and conduct principles, consumers will be in a better position to evaluate reputation and make decisions about their healthcare needs and the health system.
Comparisons of Interactive and Interactional Metadiscourse among Undergraduates
Authors: Mat Zali Masliza , Mohamad Razita , Setia Roszainora , Raja Baniamin Raja Mariam , Mohd Razlan Razifa 
Published: March 2021

Interactive and interactional metadiscourse are linguistic features used to maintain the coherence in essays. It involved a one-way interaction between the writer and reader, thus a challenge for Second Language (L2) learners to write effectively and comprehensively. A study is done on how the L2 learners produced the metadiscourse features and the usage is compared. A corpus of 200 evaluative essays by UiTM undergraduate students from computer science and business administration courses is analysed based on Hyland’s (2005) framework. The purpose is to find out the amount and types of metadiscourse used and whether students from different course groups make any differences in their choices. The analysis revealed that students in both courses produced more interactive than interactional metadiscourse. The most prominent feature is Self-mention and the least is Attitude Markers. The same prominent feature for both courses is Transition Markers. The business administration course shows the least feature in Evidentials, whereas Frame Markers in computer science. These are evidence as to the importance of metadiscourse in students’ academic writings and awareness is shown in its usage. This could lead to a proposition for a metadiscourse writing comparison between secondary schools and universities to gain fascinating outcomes.

Keywords: Evaluative writings, Interactional metadiscourse, Interactive metadiscourse, L2 learners, undergraduates
Nursing Students’ Perceived Effective Clinical Teachers’ Behaviors
Authors: Wilsom Mukan Squiter Macroy , Kulai Dorothy , Haji Che Md Nor Rumaizah 
Published: March 2021

Clinical teaching is a core component of nursing education. The clinical teachers’ roles and responsibilities are to supervise clinical activities and empower students to gain clinical competency and skills. The nursing students’ perspective of effective clinical teachers’ behavior is an important indicator of facilitating and improving clinical education quality. This paper explored diploma nursing students’ perceived importance of effective clinical teaching behavior in helping their learning. A total of 165 nursing students from various levels of their diploma in nursing program from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) were invited to participate. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect demographic data and students' perceptions of effective clinical teacher behaviors and their importance on learning outcomes using the Nursing Clinical Teaching Effectiveness Inventory (NCTEI). The study results indicated that nursing students perceived evaluation as the most important effective clinical teaching behavior, while personal characteristics are the least important effective clinical teaching behavior. The results showed a significant positive relationship between the frequency of effective clinical teaching behavior used and the level of importance of effective clinical teaching behavior for all five criteria. This information can be used to improve faculty awareness of students’ views on clinical teaching performance and as a guide for the clinical instructor to develop and revise the clinical teaching approach in the clinical setting. Behavior perceived to be effective should be incorporated into clinical instructor practice, thereby maximizing students' learning experiences in the clinical setting.

Keywords: Effective Clinical Teaching Characteristics, Clinical Teaching In Nursing, Clinical Teaching Behaviour
Liberating Orphan Works from The Copyright Orphanage: The Malaysian Perspective
Authors: Muhamad Khair Muhamad Helmi , Nor Mohamad Hashim Haswira 
Published: March 2021

Orphan works are works that are still protected by copyright and whose owners cannot be identified or located by prospective users for copyright clearance. Many countries have addressed this issue since the emergence of the problem, and it remains a legitimate subject of inquiry in this present day. However, Malaysia is yet to initiate public consultations and formulate legislative and non-legislative solutions to the orphan work problem. Hence, this paper aspires to underline the challenges and obstacles in exploiting the orphan works in Malaysia. It starts with a brief introduction to the orphan works problem and its causes. It further highlights the legal and policy uncertainties about the orphan work phenomenon in Malaysia and its implication to higher learning education. Besides, this paper also examines the current practices in the United Kingdom and Canada. Finally, this paper proposes some suggestions into what Parliament and policymakers have to do and avoid when solving Malaysia's orphan work phenomenon. It is hoped that the access to the orphan works in Malaysia would not be problematised, thereby liberating them from the copyright orphanage.

Keywords: Copyright law, Orphan works, Orphan works licensing scheme
Bridging the Gap Between the Derivatives And Graph Sketching in Calculus
Authors: Ahmad Bakri Syah Runniza , Chin Ying Liew , Chee Khium Chen , Moi Hua Tuh , Siew Ching Ling 
Published: March 2021

Sketching the graph of mathematical functions using derivatives is a challenging task for undergraduate students who enrol for the first level of calculus course. Before graph plotting, students are required to perform a thorough function analysis using the concepts learned in differentiation. They are then expected to solicit the results obtained to sketch the graph. Nevertheless, the students face great difficulties in achieving this goal; and fail to relate the results obtained in the analysis and their representation in a graph. Their performance is thus negatively affected eventually. To overcome this cognitive gap, an innovative board game named Graph Puzzle (GP) is developed. It is intended to function as a manipulator to facilitate students in comprehending the inter-related algebraic, symbolic, and graphic representation of a function under the applications of derivatives, forming the corresponding procedural and conceptual knowledge. To measure the effectiveness of this board game, 84 undergraduate students who took this calculus course were given pre- and post-test before and after the learning session. An ANCOVA test conducted reveals a significant difference (F (1, 81) = 12.182, p = 0.001) between pre and post-test score in solving polynomial functions, whereas students’ performance in solving rational functions indicates no meaningful difference (F (1, 81) = 0.04, p = 0.841) of post-scores between control and treatment groups. From this standpoint, it is shown that GP has the potential to serve as a solution to the difficulties faced on graph sketching in calculus, particularly when dealing with polynomial functions.

Keywords: Visualization, Calculus, Embodied learning, Game-Based Learning, Graph Sketching
María del Pilar Fernández Deagustini y Graciela C. Zecchin (Coordinadoras). Cuadernos de trabajos prácticos. Serie: mitos del teatro de Esquilo: Las danaides. La Plata: EDULP, 2020
Authors: Franco San Román Mariana 
Published: March 2021

Reseña de María del Pilar Fernández Deagustini y Graciela C. Zecchin (Coordinadoras). Cuadernos de trabajos prácticos. Serie: mitos del teatro de Esquilo: Las danaides. La Plata: EDULP, 2020