bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Companion animal veterinarians’ and veterinary clients’ perceptions of information exchanged while communicating about blood tests
Authors: Janke Natasha , Coe Jason B. , Bernardo Theresa M. , Dewey Cate E. , Stone Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: Blood tests play a vital role in veterinary medicine, as they enable veterinarians to make decisions about their patients’ medical care and provide opportunities to engage clients in veterinary care. The objective of this study was to explore perspectives of veterinary clients and veterinarians on current reporting practices for blood tests ordered in companion animal practice. The type of information communicated and client information seeking behaviours were examined.Methods: Two online surveys were distributed using snowball sampling: one targeting veterinary clients and one targeting veterinarians.Results: In total, 529 veterinary client and 416 veterinarian surveys were included in analyses. Significant differences were found between what blood test information veterinarian respondents felt they provided clients and what client respondents perceived they received with regard to their pet's blood tests. Almost 60% of clients somewhat or strongly agreed that they search the Internet if they do not understand why a test was ordered or what the results mean. Half of clients reported that they never receive a written report of their pet's blood work, 81% of whom were interested in receiving a copy.Conclusion: Results of this research demonstrate opportunities to improve veterinarians’ and clients’ communication about blood tests.
Problematische Nutzung sozialer Netzwerke
Authors: Wegmann Elisa , Jung Kim-Sarah , Antons Stephanie 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Nutzung sozialer Netzwerke ist ein zentraler Bestandteil des Alltags. Neben vielen Vorteilen wird jedoch zunehmend von subjektiven Beeinträchtigungen und negativen Konsequenzen aufgrund einer exzessiven, unkontrollierten Nutzung berichtet. Parallelen zu anderen internetbezogenen Verhaltenssüchten und substanzgebundenen Störungen lassen vermuten, dass Konstrukte wie Impulsivität, das Erleben von Craving und eine beeinträchtige Inhibitionskontrolle ebenfalls Risikofaktoren bei der Entwicklung und Aufrechterhaltung einer problematischen Nutzung sozialer Netzwerke darstellen.

Material und Methode
In der vorliegenden Experimentalstudie mit 64 Teilnehmenden im Alter von 18 bis 59 Jahren wurden ein auditives „Cue-reactivity“-Paradigma sowie eine modifizierte Version der Stopp-Signal-Aufgabe zur Erfassung von Reizreaktivität und Inhibitionskontrolle eingesetzt. Zur Erhebung von Craving, Impulsivität und der Symptomschwere einer problematischen Nutzung sozialer Netzwerke wurden Fragebogen verwendet.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Tendenz einer problematischen Nutzung mit einer höheren Impulsivität und Craving einhergeht. Die Inhibitionskontrolle sowie die Interaktion zwischen den verschiedenen Konstrukten konnten keine weitere Beiträge zur Varianzaufklärung der Symptomschwere leisten.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse illustrieren die Bedeutsamkeit von Impulsivität und Craving bei der Entwicklung und Aufrechterhaltung einer problematischen Nutzung sozialer Netzwerke. Darüber hinaus gilt es, die Spezifität der einzelnen Reize hinsichtlich des möglichen Konfliktpotenzials und Aufforderungscharakters sowie die damit einhergehende Relevanz spezifischer kognitiver Komponenten in weiteren Studien zu prüfen.
PHI density prospectively improves prostate cancer detection
Authors: Stephan Carsten , Jung Klaus , Lein Michael , Rochow Hannah , Friedersdorff Frank , Maxeiner Andreas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the Prostate Health Index (PHI) density (PHID) in direct comparison with PHI in a prospective large cohort.

Methods
PHID values were calculated from prostate-specific antigen (PSA), free PSA and [− 2]proPSA and prostate volume. The 1057 patients included 552 men with prostate cancer (PCa) and 505 with no evidence of malignancy (NEM). In detail, 562 patients were biopsied at the Charité Hospital Berlin and 495 patients at the Sana Hospital Offenbach. All patients received systematic or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/ultrasound fusion-guided biopsies. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves comparing areas under the ROC-curves (AUC). The decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed with the MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox.

Results
PHID provided a significant larger AUC than PHI (0.835 vs. 0.801; p = 0.0013) in our prospective cohort of 1057 men from 2 centers. The DCA had a maximum net benefit of ~ 5% for PHID vs. PHI between 35 and 65% threshold probability. In those 698 men within the WHO-calibrated PSA grey-zone up to 8 ng/ml, PHID was also significantly better than PHI (AUC 0.819 vs. 0.789; p = 0.0219). But PHID was not different from PHI in the detection of significant PCa.

Conclusions
Based on ROC analysis and DCA, PHID had an advantage in comparison with PHI alone to detect any PCa but PHI and PHID performed equal in detecting significant PCa.
Detection of non‐climatic biases in land surface temperature records by comparing climatic data and their model simulations
Authors: Scafetta Nicola 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe 0.6 °C warming observed in global temperature datasets from 1940 to 1960 to 2000–2020 can be partially due to urban heat island (UHI) and other non-climatic biases in the underlying data, although several previous studies have argued to the contrary. Here we identify land regions where such biases could be present by locally evaluating their diurnal temperature range (DTR = TMax − TMin trends between the decades 1945–1954 and 2005–2014 and between the decades 1951–1960 and 1991–2000 versus their synthetic hindcasts produced by the CMIP5 models. Vast regions of Asia (in particular Russia and China) and North America, a significant part of Europe, part of Oceania, and relatively small parts of South America (in particular Colombia and Venezuela) and Africa show DTR reductions up to 0.5–1.5 °C larger than the hindcasted ones, mostly where fast urbanization has occurred, such as in central-east China. Besides, it is found: (1) from May to October, TMax globally warmed 40% less than the hindcast; (2) in Greenland, which appears nearly free of any non-climatic contamination, TMean warmed about 50% less than the hindcast; (3) the world macro-regions with, on average, the lowest DTR reductions and with low urbanization (60S-30N:120 W–90 E and 60 S–10 N:90 E–180 E: Central and South America, Africa, and Oceania) warmed about 20–30% less than the models’ hindcast. Yet, the world macro-region with, on average, the largest DTR reductions and with high urbanization (30 N–80 N:180 W–180 E: most of North America, Europe, and Central Asia) warmed just a little bit more (5%) than the hindcast, which indicates that the models well agree only with potentially problematic temperature records. Indeed, also tree-based proxy temperature reconstructions covering the 30°N–70°N land area produce significantly less warming than the correspondent instrumentally-based temperature record since 1980. Finally, we compare land and sea surface temperature data versus their CMIP5 simulations and find that 25–45% of the 1 °C land warming from 1940–1960 to 2000–2020 could be due to non-climatic biases. By merging the sea surface temperature record (assumed to be correct) and an adjusted land temperature record based on the model prediction, the global warming during the same period is found to be 15–25% lower than reported. The corrected warming is compatible with that shown by the satellite UAH MSU v6.0 low troposphere global temperature record since 1979. Implications for climate model evaluation and future global warming estimates are briefly addressed.
Brain/blood ratios of methadone and ABCB1 polymorphisms in methadone-related deaths
Authors: Iwersen-Bergmann S. , Plattner S. , Hischke S. , Müller A. , Andresen-Streichert H. , Jungen H. , Erb R. , Beer-Sandner B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMethadone is an opioid that often leads to fatalities. Interpretation of toxicological findings can be challenging if no further information about the case history is available. The aims of this study were (1) to determine whether brain/blood ratios can assist in the interpretation of methadone findings in fatalities; (2) to examine whether polymorphisms in the gene encoding the P-glycoprotein (also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) or ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1)), which functions as a multispecific efflux pump in the blood–brain barrier, affect brain/blood ratios of methadone. Femoral venous blood and brain tissue (medulla oblongata and cerebellum) from 107 methadone-related deaths were analysed for methadone by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, all the samples were genotyped for three common ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs rs1045642, rs1128503, and rs2032582) using ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ICEMS). In nearly all cases, methadone concentrations were higher in the brain than in the blood. Inter-individual brain/blood ratios varied (0.6–11.6); the mean ratio was 2.85 (standard deviation 1.83, median 2.35). Moreover, significant differences in mean brain/blood ratios were detected among the synonymous genotypes of rs1045642 in ABCB1 (p = 0.001). Cases with the T/T genotype had significantly higher brain/blood ratios than cases with the other genotypes (T/T vs. T/C difference (d) = 1.54, 95% CI [1.14, 2.05], p = 0.002; T/T vs. C/C d = 1.60, 95% CI [1.13, 2.29], p = 0.004). Our results suggest that the rs1045642 polymorphisms in ABCB1 may affect methadone concentrations in the brain and its site of action and may be an additional factor influencing methadone toxicity.
A comparison of airway pressures for inflation fixation of developing mouse lungs for stereological analyses
Authors: Pérez-Bravo David , Myti Despoina , Mižíková Ivana , Pfeffer Tilman , Surate Solaligue David E. , Nardiello Claudio , Vadász István , Herold Susanne , Seeger Werner , Ahlbrecht Katrin , Morty Rory E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe morphometric analysis of lung structure using the principles of stereology has emerged as a powerful tool to describe the structural changes in lung architecture that accompany the development of lung disease that is experimentally modelled in adult mice. These stereological principles are now being applied to the study of the evolution of the lung architecture over the course of prenatal and postnatal lung development in mouse neonates and adolescents. The immature lung is structurally and functionally distinct from the adult lung, and has a smaller volume than does the adult lung. These differences have raised concerns about whether the inflation fixation of neonatal mouse lungs with the airway pressure (Paw) used for the inflation fixation of adult mouse lungs may cause distortion of the neonatal mouse lung structure, leading to the generation of artefacts in subsequent analyses. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a Paw of 10, 20 and 30 cmH2O on the estimation of lung volumes and stereologically assessed parameters that describe the lung structure in developing mouse lungs. The data presented demonstrate that low Paw (10 cmH2O) leads to heterogeneity in the unfolding of alveolar structures within the lungs, and that high Paw (30 cmH2O) leads to an overestimation of the lung volume, and thus, affects the estimation of volume-dependent parameters, such as total alveoli number and gas-exchange surface area. Thus, these data support the use of a Paw of 20 cmH2O for inflation fixation in morphometric studies on neonatal mouse lungs.
Muscle architecture and morphology as determinants of explosive strength
Authors: Maden-Wilkinson T. M. , Balshaw T. G. , Massey G. J. , Folland J. P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeNeural drive and contractile properties are well-defined physiological determinants of explosive strength, the influence of muscle architecture and related morphology on explosive strength is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships betweenQuadricepsmuscle architecture (pennation angle [ΘP] and fascicle length [FL]) and size (e.g., volume; QVOL), as well as patellar tendon moment arm (PTMA) with voluntary and evoked explosive knee extension torque in 53 recreationally active young men.MethodFollowing familiarisation, explosive voluntary torque at 50 ms intervals from torque onset (T50, T100, T150), evoked octet at 50 ms (8 pulses at 300-Hz; evoked T50), as well as maximum voluntary torque, were assessed on two occasions with isometric dynamometry. B-mode ultrasound was used to assess ΘPand FLat ten sites throughout the quadriceps (2–3 sites) per constituent muscle. Muscle size (QVOL) and PTMAwere quantified using 1.5 T MRI.ResultThere were no relationships with absolute early phase explosive voluntary torque (≤ 50 ms), but θP(weak), QVOL(moderate to strong) and PTMA(weak) were related to late phase explosive voluntary torque (≥ 100 ms). Regression analysis revealed only QVOLwas an independent variable contributing to the variance in T100(34%) and T150(54%). Evoked T50was also related to QVOLand θP.When explosive strength was expressed relative to MVT there were no relationships observed.ConclusionIt is likely that the weak associations of θPand PTMAwith late phase explosive voluntary torque was via their association with MVT/QVOLrather than as a direct determinant.
Unintended fusion in cervical artificial disk replacement: a prospective study on heterotopic ossification, progression, and clinical outcome, with 5-year follow-up
Authors: Marques Catarina , MacDowall Anna , Skeppholm Martin , Canto Moreira Nuno , Olerud Claes 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Heterotopic ossification (HO) may cause unintended fusion in artificial disk replacement (ADR), failing to preserve motion. The reported incidence of HO varies hugely. This study aimed to determine prevalence of HO, progression, predisposing factors to occurrence and to progression, and potential effect on clinical outcomes.

Methods
Eighty-three patients treated with ADRs for cervical radiculopathy at one or two segments were extracted from a previously published RCT. Of the 83 patients, 59 had remaining ADR (79 implants) and sufficiently high-quality X-rays at 5 years of follow-up to allow analysis. HO was graded on plain films according to Mehren/Suchomel. Prevalence, progression, predisposing factors and effect on clinical outcome (Neck Disability Index—NDI) were analyzed.

Results
At 2 years, HO was seen in 46/55 ADR implants (84%), severe enough to affect mobility in 27/55 (49%). At 5 years, HO was seen in 92% of 79 implants, severe in 71%. Male sex was a predisposing factor to HO. No predisposing factors to progression were identified. NDI was not affected by the severity of HO.

Conclusion
Almost all ADR implants in our study have HO at 5 years of follow-up. Male sex is a risk factor. Severe HO did not affect clinical outcome.

Trial registration
Study registered at ISRCTN (registration number: 44347115).
Determination of transgene stability in Nannochloropsis sp. transformed with immunogenic peptide for oral vaccination against vibriosis
Authors: Abidin Aisamuddin Ardi Zainal , Othman Nur Adila , Yusoff Fatimah Md. , Yusof Zetty Norhana Balia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVibriosis is one of the common diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria from the genus Vibrio. To treat vibriosis, vaccination has been proven to be the most effective treatment as it can avoid the risk of drugs or antibiotics resistance. Microalgae are commonly used as feed for aquatic organisms and Nannochloropsis sp. is one of the highly utilized species for fish feed. This study focused on the use of microalga, Nannochloropsis sp. as a vaccine carrier. Transgenic Nannochloropsis sp. harbouring an outer membrane protein kinase (OmpK) gene fragment of the Vibrio species namely V1, V2, CV1, CV2, CPV1 and CPV2 were utilized in this study. The stability of OmpK gene in transgenic Nannochloropsis sp. over a number of generations was evaluated. DNA and RNA from the Nannochloropsis sp. transgenic lines were extracted and subjected to PCR amplification of OmpK gene fragment. The OmpK gene fragment was successfully amplified and expressed up to the fifth generation (F5). For V1, V2, CV1 and CV2, the gene was present and expressed in fourth generation (F4) and F5 respectively but CPV1 and CPV2 the OmpK genes were present up to F4. From the results obtained, Nannochloropsis sp. is shown to be suitable as a vaccine carrier and can be utilized as a vaccine carrier to ameliorate vibriosis.
Personality Disorders and Their Relation to Treatment Outcomes in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Banyard Harry , Behn Alex J. , Delgadillo Jaime 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous reviews indicate that depressed patients with a comorbid personality disorder (PD) tend to benefit less from psychotherapies for depression and thus personality pathology needs to be the primary focus of treatment. This review specifically focused on studies of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for depression examining the influence of comorbid PD on post-treatment depression outcomes.

Methods
This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies identified through PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus. A review protocol was pre-registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42019128590).

Results
Eleven eligible studies (N = 769) were included in a narrative synthesis, and ten (N = 690) provided sufficient data for inclusion in random effects meta-analysis. All studies were rated as having “low” or “moderate” risk of bias and there was no significant evidence of publication bias. A small pooled effect size indicated that patients with PD had marginally higher depression severity after CBT compared to patients without PD (g = 0.26, [95% CI: 0.10, 0.43], p = .002), but the effect was not significant in controlled trials (p = .075), studies with low risk of bias (p = .107) and studies that adjusted for intake severity (p = .827). Furthermore, PD cases showed symptomatic improvements across studies, particularly those with longer treatment durations (16–20 sessions).

Conclusions
The apparent effect of PD on depression outcomes is likely explained by higher intake severity rather than treatment resistance. Excluding these patients from evidence-based care for depression is unjustified, and adequately lengthy CBT should be routinely offered.
Liquid crystal chemistry and poetry
Authors: Dunmur David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper comments on a recent article “Revolutionary poetry and liquid crystal chemistry: Herman Gorter, Ada Prins and the interface between literature and science” by Hub Zwart (Foundations of Chemistry, published online: 10 July 2020), in which the author explores the influence of the liquid crystal research of Ada Prins on the epic poem Pan written by her long-time lover Herman Gorter. The present paper reviews the basic science of liquid crystals and explains the connections between the work of Prins and its influence on the poem. Other examples of the use of “liquid crystal” as a literary device are identified from renaissance poetry, and the uses of the metaphor in these poems are analysed from a scientific perspective. From these examples it is suggested that creative concepts from poetry may contain elements of substance that appear in hitherto unrecognised scientific realities.
Are powder-technology-built stems safe? A midterm follow-up registry study
Authors: Pardo Francesco , Bordini Barbara , Castagnini Francesco , Giardina Federico , Faldini Cesare , Traina Francesco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Powder technology was developed to bring together the mechanical features and high porosity of titanium. However, the high porosity may theoretically compromise mechanical resistance. Literature is deficient about the use and safety profile of cementless femoral implants built using additive manufacturing (in particular electron beam melting technology, EBM). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival rates and the reason for revisions (especially implant breakage) of the first two EBM-built stems at a mid-term follow-up, using a joint arthroplasty registry.

Methods
The registry of Prosthetic Orthopedic Implant (RIPO) was investigated about cementless stems implanted from 2010 to 2017. Stems built with EBM technology (Parva and Pulchra stems; Adler Ortho, Milan, Italy) were compared to all the other cementless stems implanted during the same period, acting as control group. The survival rates and reasons for revision were assessed.

Results
No stem breakage occurred. At 5-year follow-up, the survival rates of the two cohorts were not statistically different (96.8% EBM stems, 98.0% standard cementless stems; p > 0.05). In the EBM stems, aseptic loosening occurred in 1.7% of the cases at the latest follow-up.

Conclusions
This large cohort showed that mechanical resistance is not a concern in EBM stems at mid-term follow-up. However, larger populations and longer follow-ups are needed to further validate these results.
Determination of Solubility of 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic Acid and its Sodium Salt in Acetonitrile and Voltammetric Investigation of Sulphonamide Drugs in Different Solvents in Their Absence and Presence
Authors: Kiss László , Ameen Hiba Mohamed , Lemli Beáta , Kunsági-Máté Sándor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSulphonamide drugs (sulphamethazine, sulphamerazine, sulphadiazine, sulphathiazole) were studied in a wide potential window (between 2 and − 2 V) in acetonitrile, dimethyl sulphoxide and in 50–50 v/v% binary mixtures of acetonitrile and water. The voltammograms of the outlined compounds were very similar both in the anodic and cathodic part in each non-aqueous solvents except for sulphathiazole. These sulphonamide drugs were also investigated in presence of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and its sodium salt and the voltammograms changed due to an acid–base reaction. HEPES and its sodium salt could be investigated in acetonitrile only in their saturation concentration as they were slightly soluble in this solvent. In a separate experiment their solubilities were determined at 298 K in acetonitrile with the co-solvent calibration method using water as co-solvent. Complementary fluorescence studies in dimethyl sulphoxide did not show the presence of any interaction between sulphonamide drugs and HEPES as well as its sodium salt.
Canonical Graph Contractions of Linear Relations on Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Tarcsay Zsigmond , Sebestyén Zoltán 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGiven a closed linear relation T between two Hilbert spaces $$\mathcal {H}$$
H
and $$\mathcal {K}$$
K
, the corresponding first and second coordinate projections $$P_T$$

P
T

and $$Q_T$$

Q
T

are both linear contractions from T to $$\mathcal {H}$$
H
, and to $$\mathcal {K}$$
K
, respectively. In this paper we investigate the features of these graph contractions. We show among other things that $$P_T^{}P_T^*=(I+T^*T)^{-1}$$

P
T

P
T
∗

=

(
I
+

T
∗

T
)

-
1

, and that $$Q_T^{}Q_T^*=I-(I+TT^*)^{-1}$$

Q
T

Q
T
∗

=
I
-

(
I
+
T

T
∗

)

-
1

. The ranges $${\text {ran}}P_T^{*}$$

ran

P
T

∗

and $${\text {ran}}Q_T^{*}$$

ran

Q
T

∗

are proved to be closely related to the so called ‘regular part’ of T. The connection of the graph projections to Stone’s decomposition of a closed linear relation is also discussed.