bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remarks on the Iranian Xorde Avesta Sāde manuscripts 6135 (YL2-17) and 6187 (MZK6) (Notes on the Xorde Avesta VIII)
Authors: KÖNIG GÖTZ 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Until 1854, the date of publication of Westergaard's Zendavesta,2 Europe was unacquainted with the Iranian recension of the Xorde Avesta. In his edition Westergaard was able to make use of three Sāde manuscripts for the first time, which he himself acquired during his stay in Persia between 1841 and 1844: 6115 (K36 [= M1]) (IrXA Sāde) from 1724, 6870 (K37 [= M2]) (IrXA Sāde in NP script + Faroxšī) from the 19th century, 3100 (K38 [= M3]) (Faroxšī, very close to 3095 [Suppl.persan1191]) from 1814.3
Are neighbourhood restaurants related to frequency of restaurant meals and dietary quality? Prevalence and changes over time in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Auchincloss Amy H , Li Jingjing , Moore Kari AB , Franco Manuel , Mujahid Mahasin S , Moore Latetia V 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine whether the density of neighbourhood restaurants affected the frequency of eating restaurant meals and subsequently affected diet quality.Design:Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Structural equation models assessed the indirect relationship between restaurant density (≤3 miles (4·8 km) of participant addresses) and dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI)) via the frequency of eating restaurant meals, after adjustment for sociodemographics, select health conditions, region, residence duration and area-level income.Setting:Urbanised areas in multiple regions of the USA, years 2000–2002 and 2010–2012.Participants:Participants aged 45–84 years were followed for 10 years (n 3567).Results:Median HEI (out of 100) was fifty-nine at baseline and sixty-two at follow-up. The cross-sectional analysis found that residing in areas with a high density of restaurants (highest-ranked quartile) was associated with 52 % higher odds of frequently eating restaurant meals (≥3 times/week, OR: 1·52, 95 % CI 1·18, 1·98) and 3 % higher odds of having lower dietary quality (HEI lowest quartile < 54, OR: 1·03, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·06); associations were not sustained in longitudinal analyses. The cross-sectional analysis found 34 % higher odds of having lower dietary quality for those who frequently ate at restaurants (OR: 1·34, 95 % CI 1·12, 1·61), and more restaurant meals (over time increase ≥ 1 time/week) were associated with higher odds of having worse dietary quality at follow-up (OR: 1·21, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·46).Conclusions:Restaurant density was associated with frequently eating out in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses but was associated with the lower dietary quality only in cross-sectional analyses. Frequent restaurant meals were negatively related to dietary quality. Interventions that encourage less frequent eating out may improve population dietary quality.
Comparing shopper characteristics by online grocery ordering use among households in low-income communities in Maine
Authors: Zatz Laura Y , Moran Alyssa J , Franckle Rebecca L , Block Jason P , Hou Tao , Blue Dan , Greene Julie C , Gortmaker Steven , Bleich Sara N , Polacsek Michele , Thorndike Anne N , Mande Jerold R , Rimm Eric B 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:Online grocery shopping could improve access to healthy food, but it may not be equally accessible to all populations – especially those at higher risk for food insecurity. The current study aimed to compare the socio-demographic characteristics of families who ordered groceries online v. those who only shopped in-store.Design:We analysed enrollment survey and 44 weeks of individually linked grocery transaction data. We used univariate χ2 and t-tests and logistic regression to assess differences in socio-demographic characteristics between households that only shopped in-store and those that shopped online with curbside pickup (online only or online and in-store).Setting:Two Maine supermarkets.Participants:863 parents or caregivers of children under 18 years old enrolled in two fruit and vegetable incentive trials.Results:Participants had a total of 32 757 transactions. In univariate assessments, online shoppers had higher incomes (P < 0 0001), were less likely to participate in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children or Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP; P < 0 0001) and were more likely to be female (P = 0·04). Most online shoppers were 30–39 years old, and few were 50 years or older (P = 0·003). After controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, number of children, number of adults, income and SNAP participation, female primary shoppers (OR = 2·75, P = 0·003), number of children (OR = 1·27, P = 0·04) and income (OR = 3·91 for 186–300 % federal poverty line (FPL) and OR = 6·92 for >300 % FPL, P < 0·0001) were significantly associated with likelihood of shopping online.Conclusions:In the current study of Maine families, low-income shoppers were significantly less likely to utilise online grocery ordering with curbside pickup. Future studies could focus on elucidating barriers and developing strategies to improve access.
Bet against yourself: integrating insurance and entrepreneurship
Authors: Eabrasu Marian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper revisits and fine-tunes a spin-off from Knight's (1921, Risk, Uncertainty and Profit) influential distinction between risk (‘probability of unknown events’) and uncertainty (‘unquantifiable randomness’): the contrast between actuarial institutions and entrepreneurship. It contends that this opposition is not exclusive and argues that the act of insurance does not automatically reduce entrepreneurial profits. To maintain this claim, the paper emphasizes hedging and, more specifically, draws on an innovative actuarial scheme – parametric (or index-based) insurance – which, unlike indemnity-based insurance, does not rely on a damage assessment but indemnifies the policyholder according to the variation of an index. This argument sheds new light on the function habitually assigned to actuarial institutions, amends the theory of entrepreneurial profits, and integrates hedging within entrepreneurial judgment.
Dissolved Organic Radiocarbon in the Eastern Pacific and Southern Oceans
Authors: Druffel Ellen R. M. , Griffin Sheila , Lewis Christian B. , Rudresh Megha , Garcia Noreen G. , Key Robert M. , McNichol Ann P. , Hauksson Niels E. , Walker Brett D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, and DOC Δ14C and δ13C values in seawater collected from the Southern Ocean and eastern Pacific GOSHIP cruise P18 in 2016/2017. The aging of 14C in DOC in circumpolar deep water northward from 69°S to 20°N was similar to that measured in dissolved inorganic carbon in the same samples, indicating that the transport of deep waters northward is the primary control of 14C in DIC and DOC. Low DOC ∆14C and δ13C measurements between 1,200 and 3,400 m depth may be evidence of a source of DOC produced in nearby hydrothermal ridge systems (East Pacific Rise).
Impacts of Continuously Increasing Urbanization Ratios on Warming Rates and Temperature Extremes Observed Over the Beijing Area
Authors: Jiang Shaojing , Du Jizeng , Wei Zhongwang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEvaluations of the impacts of increasing urbanization ratios on air temperatures are less quantitative and accurate due to the lack of high‐resolution land cover data sets. Here, based on the latest released high‐resolution (30‐m) land cover data from 1985 to 2017, annual urbanization ratios around each station in Beijing were calculated. Warming rates and temperature extremes were compared between nonrural stations (17 stations with continuously increasing urbanization ratios) and purely rural stations (3 stations with continuous urbanization ratios of zero). Although urbanized areas only occupied 22.2% of the total area in Beijing, urbanization ratios at nonrural stations already reached an average of 62.4% (10 km2)−1in 2017, and their average rate reached 15.1% (10 km2)−1 decade−1. From 1985 to 2017, each 10% increase in the urbanization ratio with 10 km2had led to additional annual warming of 0.14 ± 0.11, 0.17 ± 0.08, and 0.30 ± 0.17°C at nonrural stations for daily maximum (Tmax), mean (Tmean), and minimum (Tmin) air temperatures, respectively. Meanwhile, each 10% increase in the urbanization ratio with 10 km2had led to additional changes of 11.6 ± 5.1, 12.7 ± 5.8, and −11.1 ± 5.2 days at nonrural stations for hot days, hot nights, and chilly nights, respectively. Additionally, the inner‐annual urbanization contributions to the warming increased significantly at rates of 10.7% decade−1and 14.1% decade−1forTmeanandTmin, and reached 49.0% and 52.6% in 2017, respectively. The inner‐annual urbanization contributions to the increasing hot nights and the decreasing chilly nights changed at rates of 16.7% decade−1and 15.6% decade−1, and reached 57.8% and 53.1% in 2017, respectively.
Methods for latent image simulations in photolithography with a polychromatic light attenuation equation for fabricating VIAs in 2.5D and 3D advanced packaging architectures
Authors: Smallwood Daniel C. , McCloskey Paul , O’Mathuna Cian , Casey Declan P. , Rohan James F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs demand accelerates for multifunctional devices with a small footprint and minimal power consumption, 2.5D and 3D advanced packaging architectures have emerged as an essential solution that use through-substrate vias (TSVs) as vertical interconnects. Vertical stacking enables chip packages with increased functionality, enhanced design versatility, minimal power loss, reduced footprint and high bandwidth. Unlocking the potential of photolithography for vertical interconnect access (VIA) fabrication requires fast and accurate predictive modeling of diffraction effects and resist film photochemistry. This procedure is especially challenging for broad-spectrum exposure systems that use, for example, Hg bulbs with g-, h-, and i-line UV radiation. In this paper, we present new methods and equations for VIA latent image determination in photolithography that are suitable for broad-spectrum exposure and negate the need for complex and time-consuming in situ metrology. Our technique is accurate, converges quickly on the average modern PC and could be readily integrated into photolithography simulation software. We derive a polychromatic light attenuation equation from the Beer-Lambert law, which can be used in a critical exposure dose model to determine the photochemical reaction state. We integrate this equation with an exact scalar diffraction formula to produce a succinct equation comprising a complete coupling between light propagation phenomena and photochemical behavior. We then perform a comparative study between 2D/3D photoresist latent image simulation geometries and directly corresponding experimental data, which demonstrates a highly positive correlation. We anticipate that this technique will be a valuable asset to photolithography, micro- and nano-optical systems and advanced packaging/system integration with applications in technology domains ranging from space to automotive to the Internet of Things (IoT).
CD52 is a novel target for the treatment of FLT3-ITD-mutated myeloid leukemia
Authors: Karnan Sivasundaram , Hanamura Ichiro , Ota Akinobu , Takasugi Souichi , Nakamura Ayano , Takahashi Miyuki , Uchino Kaori , Murakami Satsuki , Wahiduzzaman Md , Quang Vu Lam , Rahman Md Lutfur , Hasan Muhammad Nazmul , Hyodo Toshinori , Konishi Hiroyuki , Tsuzuki Shinobu , Yoshikawa Kazuhiro , Suzuki Susumu , Ueda Ryuzo , Ejiri Masayuki , Hosokawa Yoshitaka , Takami Akiyoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInternal tandem duplication (ITD) ofFMS-like tyrosine kinase 3(FLT3) confers poor prognosis and is found in approximately 25% of cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although FLT3 inhibitors have shown clinical benefit in patients with AML harboringFLT3-ITD, the therapeutic effect is limited. Here, to explore alternative therapeutics, we established a cellular model of monoallelicFLT3ITD/WTcells using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in a human myeloid leukemia cell line, K562. cDNA microarray analysis revealed elevatedCD52expression in K562–FLT3ITD/WTcells compared to K562–FLT3WT/WTcells, an observation that was further confirmed by quantitative real-time-PCR and flow cytometric analyses. The elevated expression ofCD52in K562–FLT3ITD/WTcells was decreased in wild-typeFLT3(FLT3-WT) knock-in K562–FLT3ITD/WTcells. In K562–FLT3ITD/WTcells, a STAT5 inhibitor, pimozide, downregulated CD52 protein expression while an AKT inhibitor, afuresertib, did not affect CD52 expression. Notably, an anti-CD52 antibody, alemtuzumab, induced significant antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in K562-FLT3ITD/WTcells compared to K562–FLT3WT/WTcells. Furthermore, alemtuzumab significantly suppressed the xenograft tumor growth of K562–FLT3ITD/WTcells in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Taken together, our data suggested that genetically modifiedFLT3-ITD knock-in human myeloid leukemia K562 cells upregulated CD52 expression via activation of STAT5, and alemtuzumab showed an antitumor effect via induction of ADCC in K562–FLT3ITD/WTcells. Our findings may allow establishment of a new therapeutic option, alemtuzumab, to treat leukemia with theFLT3-ITD mutation.
Single-cell analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma identifies a novel fibroblast subtype associated with poor prognosis but better immunotherapy response
Authors: Wang Yu , Liang Yiyi , Xu Haiyan , Zhang Xiao , Mao Tiebo , Cui Jiujie , Yao Jiayu , Wang Yongchao , Jiao Feng , Xiao Xiuying , Hu Jiong , Xia Qing , Zhang Xiaofei , Wang Xujun , Sun Yongwei , Fu Deliang , Shen Lei , Xu Xiaojiang , Xue Jing , Wang Liwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe current pathological and molecular classification of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) provides limited guidance for treatment options, especially for immunotherapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major players of desmoplastic stroma in PDAC, modulating tumor progression and therapeutic response. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we explored the intertumoral heterogeneity among PDAC patients with different degrees of desmoplasia. We found substantial intertumoral heterogeneity in CAFs, ductal cancer cells, and immune cells between the extremely dense and loose types of PDACs (dense-type, high desmoplasia; loose-type, low desmoplasia). Notably, no difference in CAF abundance was detected, but a novel subtype of CAFs with a highly activated metabolic state (meCAFs) was found in loose-type PDAC compared to dense-type PDAC. MeCAFs had highly active glycolysis, whereas the corresponding cancer cells used oxidative phosphorylation as a major metabolic mode rather than glycolysis. We found that the proportion and activity of immune cells were much higher in loose-type PDAC than in dense-type PDAC. Then, the clinical significance of the CAF subtypes was further validated in our PDAC cohort and a public database. PDAC patients with abundant meCAFs had a higher risk of metastasis and a poor prognosis but showed a dramatically better response to immunotherapy (64.71% objective response rate, one complete response). We characterized the intertumoral heterogeneity of cellular components, immune activity, and metabolic status between dense- and loose-type PDACs and identified meCAFs as a novel CAF subtype critical for PDAC progression and the susceptibility to immunotherapy.
Magnetoelectric coupling of domains, domain walls and vortices in a multiferroic with independent magnetic and electric order
Authors: Giraldo Marcela , Meier Quintin N. , Bortis Amadé , Nowak Dominik , Spaldin Nicola A. , Fiebig Manfred , Weber Mads C. , Lottermoser Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMagnetically induced ferroelectrics exhibit rigidly coupled magnetic and electric order. The ordering temperatures and spontaneous polarization of these multiferroics are notoriously low, however. Both properties can be much larger if magnetic and ferroelectric order occur independently, but the cost of this independence is that pronounced magnetoelectric interaction is no longer obvious. Using spatially resolved images of domains and density-functional theory, we show that in multiferroics with separately emerging magnetic and ferroelectric order, the microscopic magnetoelectric coupling can be intrinsically strong even though the macroscopic leading-order magnetoelectric effect is forbidden by symmetry. We show, taking hexagonal ErMnO3 as an example, that a strong bulk coupling between the ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic order is realized because the structural distortions that lead to the ferroelectric polarization also break the balance of the competing superexchange contributions. We observe the manifestation of this coupling in uncommon types of topological defects like magnetoelectric domain walls and vortex-like singularities.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation entrains alpha oscillations by preferential phase synchronization of fast-spiking cortical neurons to stimulation waveform
Authors: Huang Wei A. , Stitt Iain M. , Negahbani Ehsan , Passey D. J. , Ahn Sangtae , Davey Marshall , Dannhauer Moritz , Doan Thien T. , Hoover Anna C. , Peterchev Angel V. , Radtke-Schuller Susanne , Fröhlich Flavio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComputational modeling and human studies suggest that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) modulates alpha oscillations by entrainment. Yet, a direct examination of how tACS interacts with neuronal spiking activity that gives rise to the alpha oscillation in the thalamo-cortical system has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate how tACS entrains endogenous alpha oscillations in head-fixed awake ferrets. We first show that endogenous alpha oscillations in the posterior parietal cortex drive the primary visual cortex and the higher-order visual thalamus. Spike-field coherence is largest for the alpha frequency band, and presumed fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons exhibit strongest coupling to this oscillation. We then apply alpha-tACS that results in a field strength comparable to what is commonly used in humans (<0.5 mV/mm). Both in these ferret experiments and in a computational model of the thalamo-cortical system, tACS entrains alpha oscillations by following the theoretically predicted Arnold tongue. Intriguingly, the fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons exhibit a stronger entrainment response to tACS in both the ferret experiments and the computational model, likely due to their stronger endogenous coupling to the alpha oscillation. Our findings demonstrate the in vivo mechanism of action for the modulation of the alpha oscillation by tACS.
Ultra-compact dual-band smart NEMS magnetoelectric antennas for simultaneous wireless energy harvesting and magnetic field sensing
Authors: Zaeimbashi Mohsen , Nasrollahpour Mehdi , Khalifa Adam , Romano Anthony , Liang Xianfeng , Chen Huaihao , Sun Neville , Matyushov Alexei , Lin Hwaider , Dong Cunzheng , Xu Ziyue , Mittal Ankit , Martos-Repath Isabel , Jha Gaurav , Mirchandani Nikita , Das Diptashree , Onabajo Marvin , Shrivastava Aatmesh , Cash Sydney , Sun Nian X. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUltra-compact wireless implantable medical devices are in great demand for healthcare applications, in particular for neural recording and stimulation. Current implantable technologies based on miniaturized micro-coils suffer from low wireless power transfer efficiency (PTE) and are not always compliant with the specific absorption rate imposed by the Federal Communications Commission. Moreover, current implantable devices are reliant on differential recording of voltage or current across space and require direct contact between electrode and tissue. Here, we show an ultra-compact dual-band smart nanoelectromechanical systems magnetoelectric (ME) antenna with a size of 250 × 174 µm2 that can efficiently perform wireless energy harvesting and sense ultra-small magnetic fields. The proposed ME antenna has a wireless PTE 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than any other reported miniaturized micro-coil, allowing the wireless IMDs to be compliant with the SAR limit. Furthermore, the antenna’s magnetic field detectivity of 300–500 pT allows the IMDs to record neural magnetic fields.
Water friction in nanofluidic channels made from two-dimensional crystals
Authors: Keerthi Ashok , Goutham Solleti , You Yi , Iamprasertkun Pawin , Dryfe Robert A. W. , Geim Andre K. , Radha Boya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMembrane-based applications such as osmotic power generation, desalination and molecular separation would benefit from decreasing water friction in nanoscale channels. However, mechanisms that allow fast water flows are not fully understood yet. Here we report angstrom-scale capillaries made from atomically flat crystals and study the effect of confining walls’ material on water friction. A massive difference is observed between channels made from isostructural graphite and hexagonal boron nitride, which is attributed to different electrostatic and chemical interactions at the solid-liquid interface. Using precision microgravimetry and ion streaming measurements, we evaluate the slip length, a measure of water friction, and investigate its possible links with electrical conductivity, wettability, surface charge and polarity of the confining walls. We also show that water friction can be controlled using hybrid capillaries with different slip lengths at opposing walls. The reported advances extend nanofluidics’ toolkit for designing smart membranes and mimicking manifold machinery of biological channels.
Synthetic neural-like computing in microbial consortia for pattern recognition
Authors: Li Ximing , Rizik Luna , Kravchik Valeriia , Khoury Maria , Korin Netanel , Daniel Ramez 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComplex biological systems in nature comprise cells that act collectively to solve sophisticated tasks. Synthetic biological systems, in contrast, are designed for specific tasks, following computational principles including logic gates and analog design. Yet such approaches cannot be easily adapted for multiple tasks in biological contexts. Alternatively, artificial neural networks, comprised of flexible interactions for computation, support adaptive designs and are adopted for diverse applications. Here, motivated by the structural similarity between artificial neural networks and cellular networks, we implement neural-like computing in bacteria consortia for recognizing patterns. Specifically, receiver bacteria collectively interact with sender bacteria for decision-making through quorum sensing. Input patterns formed by chemical inducers activate senders to produce signaling molecules at varying levels. These levels, which act as weights, are programmed by tuning the sender promoter strength Furthermore, a gradient descent based algorithm that enables weights optimization was developed. Weights were experimentally examined for recognizing 3 × 3-bit pattern.