bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Air Temperature Indices, Aridity Conditions and Precipitation in Iran
Authors: Sadeqi Amin , Kahya Ercan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Global warming has become a major threat to life on the earth, and recognizing its impacts can definitely be useful in controlling and mitigating its adverse effects. In this study, time series variations in air temperature indices (frost days, Tmin, Tmax, Tmean, Tminmin, Tmaxmax, Tsoil-min), De Martonne aridity index (IDM) and total precipitation were investigated using a long-term meteorological data (1960–2019) of 31 synoptic stations throughout Iran. The results indicated that more than 94% of the stations had increasing trend in Tmean, in which about 70% were significant at the 0.05 level. The average increase in Tmin was calculated approximately 1.7 times higher than Tmax and also the increase in Tminmin was about 2.5 times higher than Tmaxmax. Our findings showed that, abrupt changes in Tmin and Tmax mostly observed in the 1990s were upward in 87% of all the stations. Increase in annual Tmean at a rate of 0.3 ºC per decade and reduction of 5 mm per decade in total annual precipitation led to decrease in the IDM aridity index by 0.35 per decade in Iran. The intensity of air temperature increase was higher in tropical regions than in cold regions. Trend analysis in the partial series before and after a change point showed that the trends in Tmean before the change point were negative, but turned to positive afterwards in some stations mostly located in the northwestern cold and mountainous regions of the country. Our results revealed that the climate in Iran, in general, has become warmer and drier in the past 60 years and continuation of the current global warming trend will exacerbate this problem in the future.
Effects of Reclaimed Water Irrigation On The Soil Characteristics And Microbial Populations of Plant Rhizosphere
Authors: Liang Pei , Jingan Xiao , Liying Sun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of irrigation with different water quality on the soil characteristics of 8 kinds of garden plants were analyzed. The results showed that soil pH (ranging at 7.76–8.73) had no significant difference in different soils compared with the contrast treatment. Under the reclaimed water irrigation, the content of soil total salinity, chloride ions and water soluble sodium in soil of most plants was averagely 160.3%, 83.3% and 67.5% higher than that of tap water, respectively. The influences of reclaimed water irrigation on soil nutrients were changed with the types of plants. The content of soil organic matter and the available potassium showed no significant differences in most plants. Compared with the tap water irrigation, the content of alkaline nitrogen in in 5 plants increased (averagely 25.8%) after 5-year irrigation with reclaimed water. In terms of soil microorganism, the increase of soil microbial population, including bacteria, fungus and Actinomycetes, has been promoted by different levels of reclaimed water irrigation, showing increasing trend with the increasing content of reclaimed water from 0%, 50–100%. Moreover, the number of bacteria and fugus is closely related with the content of soil organic matter, available potassium and effective phosphorus. However, the number of Actinomycetes is determined by the content of available potassium.
Evaluation of MU2net as an Online Secondary Dose Check for MR Guided Radiation Therapy with the Elekta Unity MR Linac
Authors: Baines John , Shoobridge Ariadne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
During the adaptive workflow associated with MRgRT, a secondary dose calculation is required and MU2net (DOSIsoft, France) is one commercial option. The suitability of MU2net to be used in conjunction with the online Monaco treatment planning system of the Elekta Unity (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden), is evaluated in this work. Monaco and MU2net point doses are compared for various fields on and off axis and at different SSDs. To investigate the comparative effects of attenuation due to the cryostat, couch and posterior coil, measured, MU2net and Monaco dose outputs at the isocentre, as a function of gantry angle, were compared. Point doses for the beams of nine step and shoot IMRT (SSIMRT) test plans (courtesy Elekta) were calculated with Monaco v5.4 and compared to corresponding doses computed with MU2net. In addition, Monaco v5.4 and MU2net point doses were compared for 1552 beams treated on the Unity at our facility. For the on-axis fields investigated the agreement between MU2net and measured data is acceptable. MU2net and Monaco point doses for the Elekta SSIMRT test plans were within ± 5.0 % and ± 6.4 % for beams delivered from gantry zero and at planned beam angles, respectively. For the 1552 beams delivered approximately 80.0 % of MU2net and Monaco point doses agree within ± 5.0 %, therefore it is recommended to correlate MU2net Dose Reference Points (DRPs )with pre and post treatment dosimetry verification. Computational accuracy of MU2net could be enhanced with improved modelling of attenuation due to the couch, cryostat and posterior MR imaging coil.
In Vitro, Ex Vivo, Penetration (EpiDermTM) and in Vivo Dermatokinetics of Ketoconazole Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery
Authors: Ramzan Mohhammad , Gourion-Arsiquaud Samuel , Hussain Afzal , Gulati Jaspreet Singh , Zhang Qihong , Trehan Sonia , Puri Vinam , Michniak-Kohn Bozena , Kaur Indu Pal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study focused to optimize, evaluate and investigate mechanistic perspective of ketoconazole (KTZ) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (KTZ-SLNs) for enhanced permeation across rat skin. KTZ-SLNs were evaluated for size, distribution, zeta potential (ZP), percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), drug release, morphology, thermal behavior (DSC), compatibility (FTIR) and solid state characterization (X-ray diffraction, XRD). Moreover, ex-vivo permeation and drug deposition into rat skin were conducted using Franz diffusion cell. Mechanistic evaluations were confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and vibrational ATR methods using EpiDermTM model. An in vivo dermatokinetics study was performed to ensure KTZ access to the dermal region. Accelerated and photostability studies were conducted at different temperatures (0, 30, and 40 °C) for 12 months. The spherical optimized KOF1 showed optimal particle size (291 nm), and high negative ZP (-27.7 mV). Results of FTIR, DSC, and XRD confirmed compatibility of KTZ with excipients, purity of KTZ & dissolved KTZ in lipid matrix, and amorphous nature of KTZ-SLNs. In-vitro release was found to be slow and sustained whereas ex vivo permeation parameters were significantly high in KTZ-SLNs as compared to drug suspension and marketed product. Drug retention was 10- and -5 fold higher than KTZ-SUS and marketed product, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters were improved by SLNs formulation. Confocal raman spectroscopy experiment showed that KTZ-SLNs could penetrate beyond the human stratum corneum into viable epidermis. Fluorescent microscopy confirmed improved penetration of KTZ-SLNs was through human follicular pathway. KTZ-SLNs stable over 12 months under set conditions.
Seismicity Parameters Analysis In Space-Time Distribution For Northeast India.
Authors: Pandey Auchitya Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A complete homogeneous earthquake catalogue is prepared to estimate seismicity parameters and their spatial-temporal variation in nine seismogenic source zones for Northeast India. The value of seismicity parameters like a-value, b-value, and MC value i.e., 7.37, 0.93(± 0.013), and 4.6, respectively have been estimated from the frequency-magnitude distribution. Moreover, the maximum-likelihood method has been utilized to map the spatial variation of the above parameters. The spatial variation of low b-values is dominant in the Indo-Burman Range, the Main Boundary Thrust, and the vicinity of the Sagaing fault. High seismic activity rate has been obtained in the Indo-Burman range as observed from spatial variation of a-value parameter. Furthermore, the return periods and the annual probability of an earthquake have been calculated for each zone. The results of this seismicity parameter provide useful information about the hazard level of a particular zone and further helps in preparing the hazard map of Northeast India.
Understanding The Surface Integrity of Laser Surface Engineered Tungsten Carbide
Authors: Hazzan Kafayat E , Pacella Manuela , See Tian L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study investigated the effect of fibre laser processing (1060 nm, 240 ns pulse duration) on tungsten carbide (WC). Fluence, frequency, and the interaction effect of these were the most influential factors on the surface integrity and crack formation. In this paper, a crack classification system was developed, and a crack density variable was introduced to estimate the number of cracks and crack type within a 1 mm2 area size. ANOVA was used to analyse how fluence (0.05–0.20 J/cm2) and frequency (5–100 kHz) altered the crack density. The crack density increased between 0.050–0.099 J/cm2 across all frequency settings then decreased as the fluence increased to 0.20 J/cm2. Superficial cracks were present in all frequency settings but particularly with lower fluence settings. Micro-cracks were more likely to form between 0.050–0.135 J/cm2. Deep cracks did not present until 40 kHz or above 0.099 J/cm2 across the frequency settings and were situated around balling and splatter defects. The crack density was minimised at 0.149 J/cm2 fluence and 52.5 kHz. To the author’s knowledge for the first time a quantitative analysis of the crack formation mechanism for brittle materials is proposed (post laser processing). In addition, a linear model generated to predict surface roughness performed best at moderate to medium level of processing (fluences in the region of 0.050–0.099 J/cm2) with an error between 1 % to 10 %. The model failed to predict the material response as accurately at higher fluences with percentage errors between 15 % to 36 %.
Understanding the Barriers to Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Society 5.0 Perspective Under Uncertainties: A Hybrid Method Approach
Authors: Bui Tat-Dat , Tseng Ming-Lang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study contributes to identifying a valid and reliable set of barriers to sustainable solid waste management framework rooted in society 5.0 perspectives in Taiwan. In nature, the hierarchical structure is with the causal interrelationships under uncertainties. The perspective empowers the creation of a new biosphere based on technological progress, but in the sustainable solid waste management field, it is difficult to encounter and shape the systematized processes due to barriers and challenges. To address this shortcoming, this study evaluates the technical challenges faced in the field of sustainable solid waste management toward society 5.0. The valid attributes are usually described the qualitative information. The fuzzy Delphi method is applied to acquire the valid and reliable attributes. Fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory experiment is to visualize the causal interrelationships among the attributes. Choquet integral with respect to the nonadditive attributes over the valid set provides an overall perspective function. The results establish an understanding of sustainable solid waste management barriers in the perspectives under uncertainties. Community uncertainty, policy and regulation problems, city architecture, and technology interaction are the factors that influence sustainable performance. In practices, (1) diverse disciplines and sectors in local, national, and global communities, (2) a lack of mobility and reliability, (3) mass production and mass consumption, (4) an insufficient level of artificial intelligence application, and (5) failures related to data management and security hinder the improvement of sustainable solid waste management toward society 5.0.
Emerging Concerns on Air Pollutants from Chemistry Laboratories of University: Ozone Formation Potential, Emission Characteristics, and Emission Inventory in Beijing, China
Authors: Wang Chenlong , Zhang Xiaoxi , Wang Kun , Gao Jiajia , Zuo Penglai , Liang Quanming , Zhang Yun , Tong Yali , Tong Li , Han Yue , Yue Tao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chemical laboratories of Universities are an important source of air pollutant emissions in urban area, but their detailed emission factors have rarely been investigated. This study determined the concentration level and chemical composition spectrum of air pollutants from 21 typical chemical laboratories of universities in Beijing. Based on quantitative analysis using a GC-MS/FTIR/FID system, the emission intensity of each laboratory area was estimated, the ozone formation potential (OFP) was calculated, and the emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants in chemical laboratories of universities in Beijing was estimated. According to the results, the atmospheric pollutants discharged by the laboratories could be characterized by wide species distribution and low concentrations of single components. The average concentrations of atmospheric pollutants from the three outlets were 20.6 ± 8.9 µmol/mol (mean ± S.D.), 26.5 ± 4.8 µmol/mol, and 14.7 ± 5.8 µmol/mol. VOC emission was significantly affected using organic solvents. Pollutant emissions from the laboratories exhibited strong periodicity, and the raw materials used in the experiments were the main factor affecting the final pollutant concentration. The emission intensities of atmospheric pollutants from the three outlets were 35.06 ± 38.08 g/(m2·d), 22.83 ± 18.88 g/(m2·d) and 24.03 ± 28.78 g/(m2·d), and their TOFP were 27.8 ± 39.1 µmol/mol, 22.0 ± 21.2 µmol/mol, and 14.5 ± 28.9 µmol/mol. The total emission of atmospheric pollutants from university chemical laboratories in Beijing in 2019 was estimated at approximately 2630.8 ± 2710.3 t, including 675.8 ± 610.6 t of inorganic gaseous pollutants and 1932.0 ± 2081.2 t of VOCs, with Haidian District as the largest contributor.
Transcriptome and translatome analyses reveal the regulatory role of betaine in high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis
Authors: Huang Tengda , Yu Jingsu , Luo Zupeng , Yu Lin , Liu Siqi , Wang Peng , Jia Mengting , Wu Tian , Zhang Yurou , Miao Weiwei , Zhang Haojie , Song Ziyi , Zhou Lei , Li Yixing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease with a multitude of complications. Increasing evidence shows that the dietary supplement with betaine, a natural chemical molecule, can effectively reduce the fat accumulation in the liver. Translational regulation is considered to play a vital role in gene expression, but whether betaine functions through the regulation of gene translational level is still unclear. To this end, RNC-seq (ribosome-nascent chain complex bound mRNA sequencing) and RNA-seq co-analyses were performed to identify betaine target genes by using the liver samples from high-fat diet + betaine treated and high-fat diet treated mice. The results showed that betaine does play a lipid-lowering role by regulating the expression of gene translation levels; some NAFLD- and lipid metabolism- associated genes were differentially expressed at translational level, for example. And the mRNA translation ratio (TR) of gene significantly increased after betaine treatment. Besides, it is found that the regulation of some genes at transcriptional level is opposite to that at translational level, which indicates that transcriptional regulation and translational regulation may be independent from each other. Finally, we identified several candidate genes, especially Gpc1 , which may mediate the lipid-lowering effect of betaine in the liver. To sum up, this study depicted the molecular portrait of mice liver with or without betaine treatment from the angel of translatome and transcriptome, giving insights into the molecular mechanism of betaine-mediated lipid-lowering effect and also providing new clues for understanding and prevention of NAFLD.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions on Mental Health Disorders According Student Status
Authors: Macalli Melissa , Texier Nathalie , Schück Stéphane , Côté Sylvana , Tzourio Christophe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective was to compare the frequency of depressive symptoms, anxiety and suicidal thoughts in students and non-students enrolled in the same study in France according to key periods of the COVID-19 epidemic. Students were more likely than non-students to having high scores of depressive symptoms and anxiety, particularly during the 1st and 2nd lockdowns. These findings suggest that restrictive measures i.e. lockdown and curfew have an alarmingly stronger negative impact in students than in non-student and underlines the frailty of students’ mental health and that greater attention should be given to this population.
Identifying COVID-19 Progression by Day Five From Symptoms Onset
Authors: Gentilotti Elisa , Savoldi Alessia , Compri Monica , Górska Anna , De Nardo Pasquale , Visentin Alessandro , Be Giorgia , Razzaboni Elisa , Soriolo Nicola , Meneghin Dario , Girelli Domenico , Micheletto Claudio , Mehrabi Sara , Righi Elda , Tacconelli Evelina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: A major limitation of current predictive prognostic models in patients with COVID-19 is the heterogeneity of population in terms of disease stage and duration. This study aims at identifying a panel of clinical and laboratory parameters that at day-5 of symptoms onset could predict disease progression in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Methods: Prospective cohort study on hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19. Patient-level epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected at fixed time-points: day 5, 10, and 15 from symptoms onset. COVID-19 progression was defined as in-hospital death and/or ICU and/or respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 ratio<200) within day-11 of symptoms onset. Multivariate regression was performed to identify predictors of COVID-19 progression. Discrimination power was assessed by computing area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) values. Results: A total of 235 patients with COVID-19 were prospectively included in a 3-month period. The majority of patients were male (148, 63%) and the mean age was 71 (SD 15.9). One hundred and ninety patients (81%) suffered from at least one underlying illness, most frequently cardiovascular disease (47%), neurological/psychiatric disorders (35%), and diabetes (21%). Among them 88 (37%) experienced COVID-19 progression. A model assessed at day-5 of symptoms onset including male sex, age >65 years, dyspnea, cardiovascular disease, and at least three abnormal laboratory parameters among CRP (> 80 U/L), ALT (> 40 U/L), NLR (> 4.5), LDH (> 250 U/L), and CK (> 80 U/L) showed an AUC of 0.73 (95%CI: 0.66 - 0.81) for predicting disease progression by day-11. Conclusion: An easy-to-use panel of laboratory/clinical parameters computed at day-5 of symptoms onset predicts, with fair discrimination ability, COVID-19 progression. Assessment of these features at day-5 of symptoms onset could facilitate assessment of clinicians’ decision making. The model can also play a role as a tool to increase homogeneity of population in clinical trials on COVID-19 treatment in hospitalized patients.
Outcome of Infragenicular Prosthetic Grafts with and Without Distal Anastomotic Modification – A Retrospective Single Center Study
Authors: Setia Abhay , Yousefi Omid , Samp Patrick Felix , Knez Peter , Adili Farzin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Peripheral revascularization with below-knee bypass (REBEL) utilizing prosthetic grafts demonstrate inferior patency and amputation-free survival rates, as compared to venous conduits. Because of improved hemodynamics, adding a venous modification to distal anastomoses in REBEL with prosthetic grafts is assumed to improve both patency and amputation-free survival. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of prosthetic grafts with and without venous modifications of the distal anastomosis (MOD) and compare the results with venous conduits, in terms of patency rates, amputation prevention and survival. Methods: The present single center retrospective, non-randomized observational study involved 221 REBEL in 201 patients. Data was collected by viewing hospital records and follow-up clinical and duplex ultrasound examinations (up to 48 months). For analysis, the patients were divided in 3 groups; REBEL using prosthetic grafts with MOD (PGY) or without (PGN) anastomotic modification and REBEL using plain venous conduits without anastomotic modifications (VG). Primary patency, assisted primary patency, secondary patency, amputation-free survival and overall survival was analyzed.Results: The median follow-up was 27 months. The most common site of distal anastomosis in PGY were the crural arteries (77.8%) and 50% of PGY patients had already undergone vein-harvesting for peripheral revascularization. Average duration of surgery for PGY was 284 minutes, >70 minutes more as compared to PGN (p=0,001). In PGY a statistically insignificant tendency to decreased primary and secondary patency rates as compared to PGN was observed at 12 and 36 months. PGY displayed a significant lower amputation-free survival rate at 12 and 48 months as compared to PGN (62.9% vs 87.6% and 43.4% vs 69.75%; p=0.038). Overall survival for the three groups was not different (p=0.375). Conclusion: To summarize, modification of the distal anastomotic site using venous cuff techniques did not result in improved patency or amputation prevention. Nonetheless, from a technical view of facilitating the creation of anastomoses between relatively rigid, large bore prosthetic grafts and calcified delicate small diameter infrapopliteal arteries, anastomotic modelling offers potential anatomic and hemodynamic advantages, thus improving outcome on long term follow up. However, prospective randomized studies are required to corroborate this hypothesis.
The role of Medieval road operation on cultural landscape transformation
Authors: Słowiński Michał , Brauer Achim , Guzowski Piotr , Związek Tomasz , Obremska Milena , Theuerkauf Martin , Dietze Elizabeth , Schwab Markus , Tjallingii Rik , Czaja Roman , Ott Florian , Błaszkiewicz Mirosław 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Connecting pathways are essential for cultural and economic exchange and play an important role in human life. Commonly, historians investigate the role of routes for cultural development, whereas the environmental consequences of historical route construction attract less attention. Here we present, for the first time, a high-resolution reconstruction of the impact of the major trade route via Marchionis in the southern Baltic lowlands on landscape evolution since its construction more than 800 years ago. We utilize precisely dated annually laminated lake sediments from Lake Czechowskie located alongside Via Marchionis to establish multiproxy data at 5-year resolution for an integrated interpretation with historical data. The transformation from a quasi-natural to a cultural landscape was promoted by the operation of Via Marchionis and occurred in three main phases. Superimposed on the long-term development were repeated interruptions by short-term downturns related to societal crisis caused by wars and partly overlapping with climatic deterioration.