bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rock glaciers throughout the French Alps accelerated and destabilised since 1990 as air temperatures increased
Authors: Marcer Marco , Cicoira Alessandro , Cusicanqui Diego , Bodin Xavier , Echelard Thomas , Obregon Renée , Schoeneich Philippe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRock glaciers—ice-rich creeping landforms typical of permafrost mountain ranges—can develop an anomalous landslide-like behaviour called destabilisation. This behaviour is characterised by failure mechanisms (including cracks and crevasses) and increases in displacement rates by one to two orders of magnitude. Existing studies of this phenomenon have been limited to a small number of landforms and short time spans. Here, we systematically investigate the evolution of rock glacier kinematics over the past seven decades for the entire French Alps by combining observations of landform features indicative of the onset of destabilisation with data on displacements rates using aerial orthoimagery. We show that rock glacier velocities have significantly increased since the 1990s, concurrent with the development of destabilisation in 18 landforms that represent 5% of the 337 active rock glaciers. This pattern of activity correlates with rising air temperatures in the region, which suggests that a warming climate may play a role in this process.
Noticeable improvement in the toxic gas-sensing activity of the Zn-doped TiO2films for sensing devices
Authors: Krishnan V. Gopala , Elango P. , Ravikumar K. , Marnadu R. , Aldossary Omar M. , Ubaidullah Mohd 
Published: May 2021

Sensing element view, sening mechanism, stability, response and recovery time of the Zn-doped TiO2 films.
An easily accessible, lower rim substituted calix[4]arene selectively binds N,N-dimethyllysine
Authors: Shaurya Alok , Garnett Graham A. E. , Starke Melissa J. , Grasdal Mark C. , Dewar Charlotte C. , Kliuchynskyi Anton Y. , Hof Fraser 
Published: May 2021

A single substitution on p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene, away from its binding face, modifies its selectivity towards a smaller and less hydrophobic guest (dimethyllysine) without making direct contact with the guest.
Tantalum oxide nanoparticles as an advanced platform for cancer diagnostics: a review and perspective
Authors: Koshevaya Ekaterina , Krivoshapkina Elena , Krivoshapkin Pavel 
Published: May 2021

Tantalum oxide-based nanoparticles have all chances to become a new general-purpose contrast agent (CA) for computed tomography. This review summarizes the state of the art in TaOx CAs used for single or multimodal imaging and theranostic purposes.
Clinical and Research Perspectives on Visual Scene Displays
Authors: Thiessen Amber , Thistle Jennifer , Brown Jessica 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The purposes of this study were to measure the perceptions of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and researchers regarding the design of visual scene displays (VSDs) and to investigate the perceived difficulties of SLPs in regard to the acquisition and programming of VSDs.

Method
We recruited 270 SLPs and nine researchers who focus on VSDs to complete an online survey. The SLP survey addressed both perception of VSD design and difficulties associated with implementing these images as communication supports in the clinical realm. The researcher group was surveyed solely regarding their opinions associated with VSD design.

Results
SLPs and researchers both ranked high-context VSDs as more effective at supporting communication than low-context VSDs. In addition, both groups ranked VSDs with task-engaged people as more effective at supporting communication than VSDs with camera-engaged people or no people. SLPs reported difficulties with acquiring high-quality VSDs from online sources as well as difficulties with maintenance and upkeep of VSDs. In addition, a large portion of SLPs reported challenges with representing complex concepts through VSDs.

Conclusions
Results from this study provide evidence of general agreement between SLPs and researchers regarding perception of VSD design. SLPs continue to report challenges with the acquisition and programming of VSDs. Further research is needed to develop evidence-based guidelines to support clinical endeavors in these areas.
Workload aware autonomic resource management scheme using grey wolf optimization in cloud environment
Authors: Dewangan Bhupesh Kumar , Agarwal Amit , Choudhury Tanupriya , Pasricha Ashutosh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAutonomic resource management on cloud is a challenging task because of its huge heterogeneous and distributed environment. There are several service providers in the cloud to provide a different set of cloud services. These services are delivered to the clients through a cloud network, and it needs to satisfy the Quality‐of‐Service (QoS) requirements of users without affecting the Service Level Agreements. It can only manage through autonomic cloud resource managing frameworks. However, most of the existing frameworks are not much efficient for managing cloud resources because of the varied applications and environments of the cloud. To defeat such problems, this paper proposed the workload aware Autonomic Resource Management Scheme (WARMS) in the cloud environment. Initially, the clustering of cloud workloads is achieved by Modified Density Peak Clustering algorithm. Further, the workload scheduling process is done using fuzzy logic for cloud resource availability. The autonomic system uses Grey Wolf Optimization for virtual machine deployment to achieve optimal resource provisioning. The WARMS system focused on reducing the Service Level Agreement violation, cost, energy usage, and time, and providing better QoS. The simulation results of WARMS shows the system delivering the cloud services more efficiently by the minimized rate of violation and enhanced QoS.
Absolute localisation in confined spaces using deep geometric features
Authors: Brogaard Rune Y. , Ravn Ole , Boukas Evangelos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhen operating in dark and confined spaces, the capacity of the robots to localise in an absolute reference frame is of utmost importance. This letter presents an absolute localisation system, using deep 3D landmarks, for known confined spaces. The system estimates the robot's relative localisation using visual inertial odometry. Local deep 3D landmarks are extracted from the robot's view. Similar 3D landmarks are, also, extracted from the prior map which are then registered with the local landmarks to provide absolute localisation via an extended Kalman filter. To the best of knowledge, deep 3D feature registration has not been used before for absolute localisation. The proposed localisation system is tested within a representative application area—i.e. a structured, confined space—and the results indicate greater accuracy and lower processing time when compared to mainstream 3D registration approaches.
Business Management Wisdom in "Diamond Sutra"
Authors: Zhao Xin , Ti Haowei , Ma Ding 
Published: May 2021

It has been more than ten years since I started to study business management. There is no doubt that the modern management discipline originated with the West, and the West is the birthplace of modern management theories and methods. This kind of management theory and method, which originated from the industrial revolution in the West, took enterprises as the basic management unit, and relied on the two mechanisms of market economy and technological revolution. Western management concepts have been widely disseminated and applied around the world, deeply affecting the management practices of companies around the world.
The strategic positioning of an enterprise is determined by the trend of the external environment and the destiny of the enterprise. The destiny of an enterprise is a management element that cannot be ignored, just like what Buddhism said: "Bodhisattva will also lose cause and effect."
Verstorben an oder mit Demenz? Die Beziehung zwischen demenzieller Erkrankung und Todesursache
Authors: Küppers Lisa , Ritz-Timme Stefanie , Hartung Benno 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Angabe einer konkreten Todesursache oder einer entsprechenden Kausalkette in der Todesbescheinigung kann bei hochbetagten, multimorbiden Verstorbenen eine Herausforderung sein.Die deutsche Todesursachenstatistik suggeriert, dass psychische, einschließlich demenzieller, Erkrankungen zu den häufigsten Todesursachen gehören. Bei Analyse von Todesbescheinigungen mit Todesursachen im Kontext einer Demenz fallen jedoch oft gravierende Informationslücken auf. Nicht selten stellt sich die Frage nach der Plausibilität der angegebenen Kausalketten.In diesem Beitrag werden Empfehlungen zur korrekten Benennung von Todesursache und Grundleiden bei demenzerkrankten Verstorbenen gegeben. Diese Empfehlungen sind nicht vor einem rein akademischen Hintergrund zu sehen. Die richtige Erfassung von Demenzerkrankungen und deren Folgeerscheinungen in der Todesursachenstatistik kann Grundlage gesundheitspolitischer Entscheidungen sein und liegt damit im Interesse einer optimalen Patientenversorgung.
Results of a tri-national online survey on the current status of sports injury prevention among members of the German-Speaking Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Society (GOTS)
Authors: Lutter Christoph , Seil R , Best R , Gokeler A , Patt T , Krutsch W , Grim C , Tischer T 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectives To assess the current opinions and state of knowledge in primary sports injury prevention among members of the German-Speaking Society for Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Sports Medicine (GOTS).Methods On 21 August 2019, a web-based questionnaire was sent to the members of the tri-national society GOTS (Austria, Germany and Switzerland). The survey was online until 21 November 2019 and included twenty-two questions, which were divided into five sections: 1) general importance of prevention (n = 4), 2) specifications of the study population (n = 3), 3) implementation of prevention (n = 8), 4) improvement opportunities in prevention (n = 4) and 5) future research areas (n = 3).Results A total of 272 participants completed the survey, representing a total survey participation of 17.7 % of all members. The study population consisted of orthopaedic surgeons (55 % with surgical and 21 % with non-operative orientation), medical students (10 %), physical therapists (8 %) and sports scientists (4 %). Ninety-four percent of all participants stated that they considered the importance of sports injury prevention to be “very high” (68 %) or “high” (26 %). However, almost 70 % of all participants stated that they spend less than one hour per week on injury prevention work. The term “prevention” was clearly defined and practicable for only 40 %, understandable but difficult to implement for 51 %, and unclear and difficult to implement for 9 % of the participants. Seventy-two percent of respondents were aware of existing prevention programs such as “Stop-X” or “FIFA 11 +”, whereas 28 % of participants were uninformed regarding these programs.Conclusions A strong divergence was identified between participants’ perception of the importance of sports injury prevention and the existing implementation of preventive measures. Future funding of prevention programs, expansion of research strategies for injury prevention and better financial reimbursement are of utmost importance.
13C NMR Dereplication Using MixONat Software: A Practical Guide to Decipher Natural Products Mixtures
Authors: Bruguière Antoine , Derbré Séverine , Bréard Dimitri , Tomi Félix , Nuzillard Jean-Marc , Richomme Pascal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe growing use of herbal medicines worldwide requires ensuring their quality, safety, and efficiency to consumers and patients. Quality controls of vegetal extracts are usually undertaken according to pharmacopeial monographs. Analyses may range from simple chemical experiments to more sophisticated but more accurate methods. Nowadays, metabolomic analyses allow a fast characterization of complex mixtures. In the field, besides mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) has gained importance in the direct identification of natural products in complex herbal extracts. For a decade, automated dereplication processes based on 13C-NMR have been emerging to efficiently identify known major compounds in mixtures. Though less sensitive than MS, 13C-NMR has the advantage of being appropriate to discriminate stereoisomers. Since NMR spectrometers nowadays provide useful datasets in a reasonable time frame, we have recently made
available MixONat, a software that processes 13C as well as distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT)-135 and -90 data, allowing carbon multiplicity (i.e., CH3, CH2, CH, and C) filtering as a critical step. MixONat requires experimental or predicted chemical shifts (δ
C) databases and displays interactive results that can be refined based on the userʼs phytochemical knowledge. The present article provides step-by-step instructions to use MixONat starting from database creation with freely available and/or marketed δ
C datasets. Then, for training purposes, the reader is led through a 30 – 60 min procedure consisting of the 13C-NMR based dereplication of a peppermint essential oil.
A Proposal Towards a Rational Classification of the Antimicrobial Activity of Acetone Tree Leaf Extracts in a Search for New Antimicrobials
Authors: Eloff Jacobus Nicolaas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany scientists investigate the potential of finding new antibiotics from plants, leading to more than a thousand publications per year. Many different minimum inhibitory concentrations of extracts have been proposed to decide if an extract has interesting activity that could lead to the discovery of a new antibiotic. To date, no rational explanation has been given for the selection criteria different authors have used. The cumulative percentage of plant extracts with different activities from a large experiment determining the activity of 714 acetone tree leaf extracts of 537 different South African tree species against 4 nosocomial pathogenic bacteria and 2 yeasts was calculated using a widely accepted serial dilution microplate method with p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet as indicator of growth. All the extracts were active at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. The formula, % of active extracts = 439 × minimum inhibitory concentration in mg/mL1.5385,
describes the results for minimum inhibitory concentrations below 0.16 mg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. A rational approach could be to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the most active 1, 3, 9, 25, 50, and > 50% of a large number of plant extracts investigated against these six important microbial pathogens. Starting with an extract concentration of 10 mg/mL, I propose the following classification based on minimum inhibitory concentrations:
outstanding activity < 0.02 mg/mL,
excellent activity 0.021 – 0.04 mg/mL,
very good activity 041 – 0.08 mg/mL,
good activity 0.081 – 0.16 mg/mL,
average activity 0.161 – 0.32 mg/mL, and
weak activity > 0.32 mg/mL. Higher minimum inhibitory concentrations may still be effective in ethnopharmacological studies.
Liver Transplantation Selection and Allocation Criteria for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A European Perspective
Authors: Moeckli Beat , Majno Pietro , Orci Lorenzo A. , Peloso Andrea , Toso Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver transplantation offers the best chance of cure. Over the past two decades, selection criteria to determine eligibility for liver transplantation have been constantly refined but a fair allocation strategy of liver grafts to HCC patients remains challenging. In Europe, over a dozen transplantation networks apply different liver transplantation criteria for HCC patients. In this review, we explore and compare candidate selection and liver graft allocation strategies for patients with HCC with a European perspective and discuss the ethical and technical challenges involved. In addition, we suggest possible paths for future improvement such as transitioning from fixed selection and allocation criteria to a more flexible model of benefit, which includes criteria concerning the graft, response to treatment, the biology of the tumor, and other relevant recipient factors.
The translational lag narrative in policy discourse in the United States and the European Union: a comparative study
Authors: Aarden Erik , Marelli Luca , Blasimme Alessandro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhilst basic science rapidly produces new insights into the biological determinants of human health and disease, clinical innovation is often said to lag behind, as it fails to rapidly turn such knowledge into new tools for innovative patient care. This view of biomedical innovation constitutes a ‘translational lag narrative’, which is widely present in current research policy. This paper presents a qualitative content analysis of a corpus of documents (n = 28) issued by key policy actors in the domain of clinical translation between 2000 and 2018 in the United States and the European Union. The aim is to reconstruct how policy discourse articulates the translational lag narrative, and to analyze how the latter relates to specific sociotechnical imaginaries of progress and of the role of policymaking in their realization. The article identifies key impediments to clinical translation and highlights salient differences in the sociotechnical imaginaries of translation in the US and the EU. In the US, policy discourse around translation is mostly driven by the perceived need to re-instate linearity in the transition from knowledge-production to clinical innovation. In the European context, instead, the driving imaginary of the policy discourse around clinical translation has to do with constructing a distinctly European model of economic growth centered around the idea of a knowledge-based economy, thereby connecting policy stimuli for translation with broader political imaginations. This analysis elucidates how publicly staged narratives about science and technology in the biomedical field simultaneously contain state-specific visions of progress and statecraft.
Co-producing knowledge in health and social care research: reflections on the challenges and ways to enable more equal relationships
Authors: Farr Michelle , Davies Philippa , Andrews Heidi , Bagnall Darren , Brangan Emer , Davies Rosemary 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearchers are increasingly encouraged to co-produce research, involving members of the public, service users, policy makers and practitioners in more equal relationships throughout a research project. The sharing of power is often highlighted as a key principle when co-producing research. However, health and social care research, as with many other academic disciplines, is carried out within embedded hierarchies and structural inequalities in universities, public service institutions, and research funding systems—as well as in society more broadly. This poses significant challenges to ambitions for co-production. This article explores the difficulties that are faced when trying to put ideal co-production principles into practice. A reflective account is provided of an interdisciplinary project that aimed to better understand how to reduce power differentials within co-produced research. The project facilitated five workshops, involving researchers from different disciplines, health, social care and community development staff and public contributors, who all had experience in co-production within research. In the workshops, people discussed how they had attempted to enable more equal relationships and shared ideas that supported more effective and equitable co-produced research. Shared interdisciplinary learning helped the project team to iteratively develop a training course, a map of resources and reflective questions to support co-produced research. The gap between co-production principles and practice is challenging. The article examines the constraints that exist when trying to share power, informed by multidisciplinary theories of power. To bring co-production principles into practice, changes are needed within research practices, cultures and structures; in understandings of what knowledge is and how different forms of knowledge are valued. The article outlines challenges and tensions when co-producing research and describes potential ideas and resources that may help to put co-production principles into practice. We highlight that trying to maintain all principles of co-production within the real-world of structural inequalities and uneven distribution of resources is a constant challenge, often remaining for now in the realm of aspiration.
Interpersonal relationships drive successful team science: an exemplary case-based study
Authors: Love Hannah B. , Cross Jennifer E. , Fosdick Bailey , Crooks Kevin R. , VandeWoude Susan , Fisher Ellen R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractScientists are increasingly charged with solving complex societal, health, and environmental problems. These systemic problems require teams of expert scientists to tackle research questions through collaboration, coordination, creation of shared terminology, and complex social and intellectual processes. Despite the essential need for such interdisciplinary interactions, little research has examined the impact of scientific team support measures like training, facilitation, team building, and expertise. The literature is clear that solving complex problems requires more than contributory expertise, expertise required to contribute to a field or discipline. It also requires interactional expertise, socialised knowledge that includes socialisation into the practices of an expert group. These forms of expertise are often tacit and therefore difficult to access, and studies about how they are intertwined are nearly non-existent. Most of the published work in this area utilises archival data analysis, not individual team behaviour and assessment. This study addresses the call of numerous studies to use mixed-methods and social network analysis to investigate scientific team formation and success. This longitudinal case-based study evaluates the following question: How are scientific productivity, advice, and mentoring networks intertwined on a successful interdisciplinary scientific team? This study used applied social network surveys, participant observation, focus groups, interviews, and historical social network data to assess this specific team and assessed processes and practices to train new scientists over a 15-year period. Four major implications arose from our analysis: (1) interactional expertise and contributory expertise are intertwined in the process of scientific discovery; (2) team size and interdisciplinary knowledge effectively and efficiently train early career scientists; (3) integration of teaching/training, research/discovery, and extension/engagement enhances outcomes; and, (4) interdisciplinary scientific progress benefits significantly when interpersonal relationships among scientists from diverse disciplines are formed. This case-based study increases understanding of the development and processes of an exemplary team and provides valuable insights about interactions that enhance scientific expertise to train interdisciplinary scientists.