bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Antenatal Care Visit with Utilization of Institutional Delivery Care Services in Afghanistan: Intersections Between Education, Wealth, and Household Decision-Making Autonomy
Authors: Rahman Mostafizur , Saha Priom , Uddin Jalal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The importance of antenatal visits in safe motherhood and childbirth is well documented. However, less is known how social determinants of health interact with antenatal care (ANC) visits in shaping the uptake of professional delivery care services in low-income countries. This study examines the association of ANC visits with institutional delivery care utilization outcomes in Afghanistan. Further, we assess the extent to which ANC visits intersect with education, wealth, and household decision-making autonomy in predicting two outcomes of delivery care utilization- delivery at a health facility and delivery assisted by a skilled birth attendant.Methods: We used data from the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (AfDHS) 2015. The analytic sample included 15,581 women of reproductive age (15-49). We assessed the associations using logistic regression models, estimated the predicted probability of delivery care outcomes using statistical interactions, and presented estimates in margins plot. Results: Regression analyses adjusted for socioeconomic and demographic covariates suggest that women who had 4 or more ANC visits were 5.7 times (95% CI= 4.78, 7.11, P<0.001) more likely to use delivery care at a health facility and 6.5 times (95% CI= 5.23, 8.03; P<0.001) more likely to have a delivery assisted by a skilled birth attendant compared to women who had no ANC visit. Estimates from models with statistical interactions between ANC, education, wealth, and decision-making autonomy suggest that women with higher social status were more advantageous in utilizing institutional delivery care services compared to women with lower levels of social status. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the association of ANC visit with institutional delivery care services is stronger among women with higher social status. The results have implications for promoting safe motherhood and childbirth through improving women’s social status.
Automatic Choroid Vascularity Index Calculation in Optical Coherence Tomography Images Low Contrast Sclerochoroidal Junction Using Deep Learning
Authors: Arian Roya , Mahmoudi Tahereh , Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Kafieh Rahele , Faghihi Hooshang , Mirshahi Ahmad , Ghassemi Fariba , Khodabande Alireza , Pour Elias Khalili 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) is a new biomarker defined for retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images for measuring and evaluating the choroidal vascular structure. CVI is the ratio of the choroidal luminal area (LA) to the total choroidal area (TCA). The automatic calculation of this index is important for ophthalmologists but has not yet been explored. In this study, we proposed a fully automated method based on deep learning for calculating CVI in three main steps: 1- segmentation of the choroidal boundary, 2- detection of the choroidal luminal vessels, and 3- computation of the CVI. The proposed method is evaluated in complex situations like the presence of diabetic retinopathy and pachychoroid spectrum. In pachychoroid spectrum, the choroid is thickened, and the boundary between choroid and sclera (sclerochoroidal junction) is blurred, which makes the segmentation more challenging. The proposed method is designed based on the U-Net model, and a new loss function is proposed to overcome the segmentation problems. The vascular LA is then calculated using Niblack’s local thresholding method, and the CVI value is finally computed. The experimental results for the segmentation stage with the best-performing model and the proposed loss function were used showed dice coefficients of 0.941 and 0.936 in diabetic retinopathy and pachychoroid spectrum patients, respectively. The unsigned boundary localization errors in the presence of diabetic retinopathy were 0.0020 and 0.0138 pixels for the BM boundary and sclerochoroidal junction, respectively. Similarly, the unsigned errors in the presence of pachychoroid spectrum were 0.0072 and 0.0254 pixels for BM and sclerochoroidal junction. The performance of the proposed method for calculating CVI was evaluated; the Bland-Altman plot indicated acceptable agreement between the values allocated by experts and the proposed method in the presence of diabetic retinopathy and pachychoroid spectrum.
Direct synthesis of highly stretchable ceramic nanofibrous aerogels via 3D reaction electrospinning
Authors: Cheng Xiaota , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ceramic aerogels are attractive for many applications due to their ultralow density, high porosity, and multifunctionalities but are limited by the typical trade-off relationship between mechanical properties and thermal stability when used in extreme environments. In this work, we designed and synthesized a unique ceramic nanofibrous aerogels with three-dimensional (3D) interwoven crimped-nanofibre structures that endow the aerogels with superior mechanical performances and high thermal stability. These ceramic aerogels were synthesized by a direct and facile route, 3D reaction electrospinning. They displayed robust structural stability with structure-derived mechanical ultra-stretchability up to 100% tensile strain and superior restoring capacity up to 40% tensile strain, 95% bending strain and 60% compressive strain, high thermal stability from -196 to 1400°C, repeatable stretchability at working temperatures up to 1300 ℃, and a low thermal conductivity of 0.0228 W m−1 K−1 in air. This work should enable the innovative design of high-performance ceramic aerogels for various applications.
Numerical Simulation of Pore Water Distribution Under Electric Field in Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Liu Yimin , Xu Chuntai , Zhu Xiada 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A numerical model predicting the moisture distribution under external electric field in unsaturated soils is established. Key parameters including matric potential, hydraulic and electrical permeability coefficient and electric conductivity are discussed. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured data from literaturea, which verify exactness and suitability of the model. In general, the moisture contents decrease with time under the action of external electric force and matrix suction. A slight increase in moisture contert was observed in the anodic area at the beginning of the treatment. The electro-osmosis treatment effect can be enhanced by improving the voltage gradient or weaken the voltage loss at electrode. The limit value of electroosmosis treatment in moisture content is observed and the method can only be applied on the soil with moisture content higher than the limit value.
Emergence of within-host SARS-CoV-2 recombinant genome after coinfection by Gamma and Delta variants
Authors: Junior Ronaldo da Silva Francisco , de Almeida Luiz G P , Lamarca Alessandra P , Cavalcante Liliane , Martins Yasmmin , Gerber Alexandra L , Guimarães Ana Paula de C , Salviano Ricardo Barbosa , Santos Fernanda Leitão dos , de Oliveira Thiago Henrique , de Souza Isabelle Vasconcellos , de Carvalho Erika Martins , Ribeiro Mario Sergio , Carvalho Silvia , Silva Flávio Dias da , Garcia Marcio Henrique de Oliveira , de Souza Leandro Magalhães , Silva Cristiane Gomes Da , Ribeiro Caio Luiz Pereira , Cavalcanti Andréa Cony , de Mello Claudia Maria Braga , Tanuri Amilcar , Vasconcelos Ana Tereza R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Since the first reports of patients coinfected by two genetically-distinct lineages of SARS-CoV-2, the scientific community raised concerns about the recombination of intra-host viral RNA sequences as a possible mechanism underlying the emergence of novel variants. Indeed, this phenomenon occurs at a relatively high frequency among betacoronaviruses. Nevertheless, the few existing studies about recombination between genetically-distinct lineages of SARS-CoV-2 are restricted to detect the inter-host dissemination of genomes post-recombination events. However, the high genomic similarity between the current co-circulating lineages challenges the identification of these events. Here, we report the first case of intra-host SARS-CoV-2 recombination during a coinfection by the variants of concern (VOC) AY.33 (Delta) and P.1 (Gamma) supported by sequencing reads harboring a mosaic of lineage-defining mutations. By using next-generation sequencing reads intersecting regions that simultaneously overlap lineage-defining mutations from Gamma and Delta, we were able to identify a total of six recombinant regions across the SARS-CoV-2 genome within a sample. Four of them mapped in the spike gene and two in the nucleocapsid gene. We detected mosaic reads harboring a combination of lineage-defining mutations from each VOC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of intra-host RNA-RNA recombination between two lineages of SARS-CoV-2, which can represent a threat to public health management during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the possibility of the emergence of viruses with recombinant phenotypes.
A Data-Driven Framework to Predict Fused Filament Fabrication Part Properties Using Surrogate Models and Multi-Objective Optimisation
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Choi Joon Phil , Moon Seung Ki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In additive manufacturing (AM), due to large number of process parameters and multiple responses of interest, it is hard for AM designers to attain optimal part performance without a systematic approach. In this research, a data-driven framework is proposed to achieve the desired AM part performance and quality by predicting part properties and optimizing AM process parameters effectively and efficiently. The proposed framework encompasses efficient sampling of design space and establishing the initial experiment points. Based on established empirical data, surrogate models, are used to characterise influence of critical process parameters on responses on interest. Further, process maps can be generated for enhancing understanding on the influence of process parameters on responses of interests and AM process characteristics. Subsequently, multi-objective optimisation coupled with a multi criteria decision making technique is applied to determine an optimal design point, which maximises the identified responses of interest to meet the part functional requirements. A case study is used to validate the proposed framework for optimising an ULTEM™ 9085 fused filament fabrication part to meet its functional requirements of surface roughness and mechanical strength. From the case study, results indicate that the proposed approach is able to achieve good predictive results for responses of interest with a relatively small dataset. Further, process maps generated from the surrogate model provide a visual representation of the influence between responses of interest and critical process parameters for FFF process, which traditionally requires multiple investigations to arrive at similar conclusions.
Single-Pixel Imaging with Heralded Single Photons
Authors: Johnson Steven D , McMillan Alex , Torre Cyril , Frick Stefan , Rarity John , Padgett Miles J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Traditional remote sensing applications are often based on pulsed laser illumination with a narrow linewidth and characteristic repetition rate, which are not conducive to covert operation. Whatever methods are employed for covert sensing, a key requirement is for the probe light to be indistinguishable from background illumination. We present a method to perform single-pixel imaging that suppresses the effect of background light and hence improves the signal-to-noise ratio by using correlated photon-pairs produced via spontaneous parametric down conversion. One of the photons in the pair is used to illuminate the object whilst the other acts as a temporal reference, allowing the signal photons to be distinguished from background noise. This heralding method shows how the noise regime is key to producing higher contrast images.
A Functional Role of S100A4/Non-Muscle Myosin IIA Axis for Pro-Tumorigenic Vascular Functions in Glioblastoma
Authors: Inukai Madoca , Yokoi Ako , Ishizuka Yuuki , Hashimura Miki , Matsumoto Toshihide , Oguri Yasuko , Nakagawa Mayu , Ishibashi Yu , Ito Takashi , Kumabe Toshihiro , Saegusa Makoto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumor and has vascular-rich features. The S100A4/non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) axis contributes to aggressive phenotypes in a variety of human malignancies, but little is known about its involvement in GBM tumorigenesis. Herein, we examined the role of the S100A4/NMIIA axis during tumor progression and vasculogenesis in GBM
Methods
We performed immunohistochemistry for S100A4, NMIIA, and two hypoxic markers including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) in samples from 94 GBM cases. The functional impact of S100A4 knockdown and hypoxia were also assessed using a GBM cell line.
Results
In clinical GBM samples, overexpression of S100A4 and NMIIA was observed in both non-pseudopalisading (Ps) and Ps (-associated) perinecrotic lesions, consistent with stabilization of HIF-1α and CA9. CD34(+) microvascular densities (MVDs) and the interaction of S100A4 and NMIIA were significantly higher in non-Ps perinecrotic lesions compared to those in Ps perinecrotic areas. In non-Ps perinecrotic lesions, S100A4(+)/HIF-1α(-) GBM cells were recruited to the surface of host preexisting vessels in the vascular-rich areas. Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) mRNA expression was found in S100A4(+)/HIF-1α(+) GBM cells adjacent to the vascular-rich areas. In addition, GBM patients with high S100A4 protein expression had significantly worse OS and PFS than did patients with low S100A4 expression. Knockdown of S100A4 in the GBM cell line KS-1 decreased migration capability, concomitant with decreased Slug expression; the opposite effects were elicited by blebbistatin-dependent inhibition of NMIIA.
Conclusion
S100A4(+)/HIF-1α(-) GBM cells are recruited to (and migrate along) preexisting vessels through inhibition of NMIIA activity. This is likely stimulated by extracellular VEGF that is released by S100A4(+)/HIF-1α(+) tumor cells in non-Ps perinecrotic lesions. In turn, these events engender tumor progression via acceleration of pro-tumorigenic vascular functions.
Efficient Sensings of Temperature, Refractive Index, and Distance Measurement using the Cubic-Nonlinear Optoelectronic Oscillators
Authors: Koualong Kevie Marlone Tchuissa , Mbe Jimmi Herve Talla , Tatietse Thomas Tamo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we use the cubic-nonlinear optoelectronic oscillator (CNOEO) in three different configurations to successfully perform the sensings of temperature, refractive index, and distance measurement with high
precision. From our results, the use of the CNOEO through the variation of the values of the cubic-nonlinear parameter increases the sensitivity of the different sensings and the measurement carried out compared to the results obtained with the standard OEO which is a particular CNOEO featuring a cubic-nonlinear parameter equal to zero.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Prebiotics and Pediococcus Acidilactici on Gut Health, Transcriptome, Microbiome, and Metabolome in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L) after Seawater Transfer
Authors: Dhanasiri Anusha K.S. , Torres Alexander Jaramillo , Chikwati Elvis M , Forberg Torunn , Krogdahl Åshild , Kortner Trond M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGiven the importance of gut microbiota for health, growth and performance of the host, the aquaculture industry has taken measures to develop functional fish feeds aiming at modulating gut microbiota and inducing the anticipated beneficial effects. However, present understanding of the impact of such functional feeds on the fish is limited. The study reported herein was conducted to gain knowledge on performance and gut health characteristics in post-smolt Atlantic salmon fed diets varying in content of functional ingredients. Three experimental diets, a diet containing fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), a diet with a combination of FOS and Pediococcus acidilactici (BC) and a diet containing galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and BC, were used in a 10-weeks feeding trial. A commercial diet without functional ingredients was also included as a control/reference. Samples of blood plasma, mucosa and digesta were subjected to microbiome, transcriptome and metabolome profiling for evaluation of the diet effects. Results No significant growth differences were observed between fish fed the supplemented diets, but FOS-BC fed fish showed significantly higher growth than the control fed fish. The microbiome results showed that the BC was present in both the digesta and the mucosa samples of fish fed the FOS-BC and GOS-BC diets. Digesta-associated microbiota was altered, while mucosa-associated microbiota was relatively unaffected by diet. Replacing FOS with GOS increased the level of metabolites linked to phospholipid, fatty acid, carnitine and sphingolipid metabolism. Variation in metabolite levels between the treatments closely correlated with genera mainly belonging to Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla. The transcriptome analyses indicated diet effects of exchanging FOS with GOS on immune functions, oxidative defense and stress responses. No significant diet effect was observed on intestinal inflammation in the pyloric ceca or in the distal intestine, and no steatosis was observed in the pyloric ceaca. ConclusionsDietary supplementation with BC induced moderate effects on the microbiota of the digesta, while the effects of replacing FOS with GOS were more marked and was observed also for nutrient metabolism. Our data indicates therefore that the quality of a prebiotic may be of great importance for the effects of a probiotic on gut microbiota, function and health.
Computer Simulation of Optimal Lipped Polyethylene Liner Orientation Against Prosthetic Impingement
Authors: Hu Yi , Zhou Xianhao , Qiao Hua , Zhu Zhenan , Li Huiwu , Zhang Jingwei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Lipped or elevated acetabular liners are to improve posterior stability and are widely used in hip arthroplasty. However, concerns of increasing impingement exist when using such liners and optimal orientation of the elevated rim remains unknown. We aimed to identify the impact of lipped liner on the range of motion (ROM) before impingement and propose its optimal orientation.Methods: An isochoric three-dimensional model of a general hip-replacement prosthesis was generated and flex-extension, add-abduction, axial rotation was simulated on a computer. The maximum ROM of the hip was measured before the neck impinged on the liner. Different combinations of acetabular anteversion angles ranging from 5 to 30 degrees and lipped liner orientations from posterior to anterior were tested. Results: When acetabular anteversion was 10 or 15 degrees, placing the lip of the liner in the posterosuperior of the acetabulum allowed satisfactory ROM in all directions. When acetabular anteversion was 20 degrees, extension and external rotation were restricted. Adjusting the lip to the superior restored satisfactory ROM. When acetabular anteversion was 25 degrees, only placing the lip into the antero-superior could increase extension and external rotation to maintain satisfactory ROM.Conclusions: This study showed that optimal lipped liner orientation should be depend on acetabular anteversion. When acetabular anteversion was smaller than 20 degrees, placing lip in the posterior allowed an optimally ROM. When acetabular anteversion was greater than 20 degrees, adjusting lip to the anterior allowed a comprehensive larger ROM to avoid early impingement.
Evolution of Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis Thaliana on Siliceous Soils Does Not Convey Tolerance to Saline Calcareous Soils
Authors: Pérez-Martín Laura , Busoms Silvia , Almira Maria Jose , Azagury Nicole , Terés Joana , Tolrà Roser , Poschenrieder Charlotte , Barcelo Juan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose Alkaline salinity constrains crop yield. Previously, we found local adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana demes to saline-siliceous soils (pH≤7) and to non-saline carbonate soils. However, any natural population of A. thaliana was localized on saline-alkaline soils. This suggests that salinity tolerance evolved on saline-siliceous soils may not confer tolerance to alkaline salinity. This hypothesis was explored by addressing physiological and molecular responses to saline-alkaline conditions of A. thaliana demes differing in salinity and carbonate tolerance.Methods A. thaliana native to saline-siliceous soils (G3), to non-saline carbonate soils (G1), or to soils with intermediate levels of these factors (G2) were cultivated in common gardens on saline-siliceous or saline-calcareous substrate. Hydroponics and irrigation experiments confirmed the phenotypes. Growth, mineral concentrations, genome differences, and expression of candidate genes were assessed in the different groups.Results G3 performed best on saline-siliceous soil and in hydroponics with salinity (pH 5.9). However, G3 was more sensitive to saline-alkaline conditions than G1 and G2. Fitness under saline-alkaline conditions was G2 > G1>G3 and G2 best maintained ion homeostasis under alkaline salinity. Whole genome scan did not differentiate among the groups, while distinctive patterns for FRO2, NINJA, and CCB4 were found and confirmed by qPCR.Conclusion In A. thaliana, salinity tolerance evolved on saline-siliceous soils does not provide tolerance to alkaline salinity. Plants from soils with intermediate conditions (G2) have more plasticity to adapt to alkaline salinity than those locally adapted to these individual stress factors. Higher expression of NINJA and CCB4 may contribute to this better adaptation.
Degeneration of Solitons for a the (3+1)-dimensional Generalized Nonlinear Evolution Equation for the Shallow Water Waves
Authors: li longxing , Li Long-Xing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A the (3+1)-dimensional generalized nonlinear evolution equation for the shallow water waves is investigated with different methods. Based on symbolic computation and Hirota bilinear form, Nsoliton solutions are constructed. In the process of degeneration of N-soliton solutions, T-breathers are derived by taking complexication method. Then rogue waves will emerge during the degeneration of breathers by taking the parameter limit method. Through full degeneration of N-soliton, M-lump solutions are derived based on long wave limit approach. In addition, we also find out that the partial degeneration of N-soliton process can generate the hybrid solutions composed of soliton, breather and lump.