bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of magnetic ferrogels: a tool-box approach for finely tuned magnetic- and temperature-dependent properties
Authors: Lucht Niklas , Hinrichs Stephan , Großmann Larissa , Pelz Catharina , Felgenhauer Elena , Clasen Eike , Schwenk Max , Hankiewicz Birgit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMulti responsive hydrogels have many potential applications in the field of medicine as well as technical fields and are of great interest in fundamental research. Here we present the synthesis and characterization of tailored magnetic hydrogels – micro- as well as macrogels – which consist of iron oxide and cobalt ferrite, varying in phase and morphology, embedded in a thermoresponsive polymer. We introduce new ways to synthesize magnetic particles and revisit some common strategies when dealing with particle synthesis. Subsequently we discuss the details of the thermoresponsive matrix and how we can influence and manipulate the thermoresponsive properties, i.e. the lower critical solution temperature. Ultimately, we present the particle-hydrogel composite and show two exemplary applications for particle matrix interactions, i.e. heat transfer and reorientation of the particles in a magnetic field.
Loss of KCNQ2 or KCNQ3 Leads to Multifocal Time-Varying Activity in the Neonatal ForebrainEx Vivo
Authors: Hou Bowen , Varghese Nissi , Soh Heun , Santaniello Sabato , Tzingounis Anastasios V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEpileptic encephalopathies represent a group of disorders often characterized by refractory seizures, regression in cognitive development, and typically poor prognosis. Dysfunction of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channels has emerged as a major cause of neonatal epilepsy. However, our understanding of the cellular mechanisms that may both explain the origins of epilepsy and inform treatment strategies for KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 dysfunction is still lacking. Here, using mesoscale calcium imaging and pharmacology, we demonstrate that in mouse neonatal brain slices, conditional loss ofKcnq2from forebrain excitatory neurons (Pyr:Kcnq2mice) or constitutive deletion ofKcnq3leads to sprawling hyperactivity across the neocortex. Surprisingly, the generation of time-varying hypersynchrony in slices fromPyr:Kcnq2mice does not require fast synaptic transmission. This is in contrast to control littermates and constitutiveKcnq3knock-out mice where activity is primarily driven by fast synaptic transmission in the neocortex. Unlike in the neocortex, hypersynchronous activity in the hippocampal formation fromKcnq2conditional andKcnq3constitutive knock-out mice persists in the presence of synaptic transmission blockers. Thus, we propose that loss of KCNQ2 or KCNQ3 function differentially leads to network hyperactivity across the forebrain in a region-specific and macro-circuit-specific manner.
Trimetazidine Use in Parkinson’s Disease: Is It a Resolved Problem?
Authors: Pintér Dávid , Bereczki Dániel , Ajtay András , Oberfrank Ferenc , Janszky József , Kovács Norbert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTrimetazidine (TMZ), an antianginal drug, can worsen the symptoms of movement disorders, therefore, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended avoiding the use of this drug in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We investigated the impact of this recommendation on the observed trend of TMZ use in PD in Hungary from 2010 to 2016 by conducting a nationwide, retrospective study of health administrative data of human subjects. Interrupted time series analyses were performed to explore changes in user trends after the EMA recommendations. We found that TMZ use in PD decreased by 6.56% in each six-month interval after the EMA intervention [a change in trend of −530.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −645.00 to −415.44,p< 0.001 and a decrease in level of −567.26, 95% CI = −910.99 to −223.53,p = 0.005 12 months postintervention]. TMZ discontinuation was the highest immediately after the intervention, however, its rate slowed down subsequently (a change in trend of −49.69, 95% CI = −85.14 to −14.24,p = 0.11 without significant level effects). The rate of new TMZ prescriptions did not reduce significantly, therefore, the decreased overall use was mainly attributable to the increased rate of discontinuation only. The main indications for TMZ use were circulatory system disorders, especially angina pectoris, however, off-label utilization was also considerable (40%). The EMA recommendations on TMZ use seem to be only moderately effective in Hungary. Although the number of patients with PD on the drug modestly decreased after the EMA restrictions, TMZ is still widely used in PD for both on-label and off-label indications.
Atypical progeroid syndrome (p.E262K LMNA mutation): a rare cause of short stature and osteoporosis
Authors: Yukina Marina , Nuralieva Nurana , Sorkina Ekaterina , Troshina Ekaterina , Tiulpakov Anatoly , Belaya Zhanna , Melnichenko Galina 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Lamin A/C (LMNA) gene mutations cause a heterogeneous group of progeroid disorders, including Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, mandibuloacral dysplasia, atypical progeroid syndrome (APS) and generalized lipodystrophy-associated progeroid syndrome (GLPS). All of those syndromes are associated with some progeroid features, lipodystrophy and metabolic complications but vary differently depending on a particular mutation and even patients carrying the same gene variant are known to have clinical heterogeneity. We report a new 30-year-old female patient from Russia with an APS and generalized lipodystrophy (GL) due to the heterozygous de novo LMNA p.E262K mutation and compare her clinical and metabolic features to those of other described patients with APS. Despite many health issues, short stature, skeletal problems, GL and late diagnosis of APS, our patient seems to be relatively metabolically healthy for her age when compared to previously described patients with APS.

Learning points

Atypical progeroid syndromes (APS) are rare and heterogenic with different age of onset and degree of metabolic disorders, which makes this diagnosis very challenging for clinicians and may be missed until the adulthood.

The clinical picture of the APS depends on a particular mutation in the LMNA gene, but may vary even between the patients with the same mutation.

The APS due to a heterozygous LMNA p.E262K mutation, which we report in this patient, seems to have association with the generalized lipodystrophy, short stature and osteoporosis, but otherwise, it seems to cause relatively mild metabolic complications by the age of 30.

The patients with APS and lipodystrophy syndromes require a personalized and multidisciplinary approach, and so they should be referred to highly specialized reference-centres for diagnostics and treatment as early as possible.

Because of the high heterogeneity of such a rare disease as APS, every patient’s description is noteworthy for a better understanding of this challenging syndrome, including the analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with a metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour and ectopic Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Palmer Kieran , Weerasuriya Scott , Whitelaw Benjamin , Srirajaskanthan Rajaventhan 
Published: April 2021

Summary
We report a rare case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), precipitated by ectopic Cushing’s syndrome, in a patient with a metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour. A 55-year-old female presented as a hypertensive emergency with seizures and severe biochemical disturbance, including alkalosis, hypokalaemia and hyperglycaemia. MRI showed vasogenic oedema in the parieto-occipital region, consistent with a diagnosis of PRES. She had a significantly raised serum cortisol (>6000 nmol/L) which did not suppress with dexamethasone. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations were neither suppressed nor raised but were consistently within the normal reference range. The unexpected finding of a normal ACTH may be explained by either tumour secretion of unmeasured ACTH-related peptides, immunoassay antibody interference or episodic ACTH secretion. PRES is usually reversible with prompt and appropriate treatment. Hypercortisolism associated PRES is rare and may be associated with a worse outcome.

Learning points

PRES secondary to ectopic Cushing’s syndrome is very rare.

PRES in this context may indicate a worse prognosis.

In ectopic Cushing’s syndrome, if the serum ACTH level is normal, consider testing for ACTH-related peptides or interfering antibodies.

Further research is required to establish the best treatment approach and to improve patients’ outcomes.
Too opaque to trust or next time everything is different? A case study on the impact of Wirecard’s crash on German TecDAX companies and other payment service providers
Authors: Dinger Valeriya , Grundke Peter , Rohde Kai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We explore whether Wirecard’s presumed balance sheet manipulations have generated negative contagion effects. On the one hand, we focus on contagion to other tech companies, included in the German TecDAX index, and on the other hand, on contagion to other payment service providers. For the first group of companies, negative contagion effects could result from the opaqueness of innovative technologies, and for the second group of firms, this could result from decreasing market confidence in a business model that is potentially similar to the one of Wirecard. However, based on a descriptive analysis of equity share prices and a rolling window correlation analysis of stock returns, we do not find any evidence for negative contagion effects originating from Wirecard, neither to other TecDAX companies nor to payment service providers. Zooming into the effects on those TecDAX companies or payment service providers that were audited, as Wirecard, by EY we do not find any negative contagion effects, either.
Publikumsfinanzierung kleiner und mittelgroßer Unternehmen durch sog. Mittelstandsanleihen
Authors: Florstedt Tim 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Nach dem Zusammenbruch des Marktes für sog. Mittelstandsanleihen im Jahr 2014 überwog eine marktgläubige Beurteilung des Geschehenen und trat an die Stelle einer profunden Ursachenanalyse. Man ging von einem leidvollen, aber letztlich erfolgreichen Lernprozess unerfahrener Privatanleger aus. Aus diesem Grund schienen der Bundesregierung und vielen anderen punktuelle Korrekturen des Rechtsrahmens genügend. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob es zutrifft, dass Marktteilnehmer und Gesetzgeber die richtigen Lehren aus dem Zusammenbruch gezogen haben.
Student and family factors that are associated with Grade 4 reading achievement in Azerbaijan
Authors: Ganiyeva Lala 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.Aims of the studyCompared to other developing countries, the reading achievement of Azerbaijani students remains low. Using the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2016 data, this study examines potential predictors of Grade 4 student reading achievement in Azerbaijan.Background of the researchThe study is guided by an exploratory model and considers various student and family factors which could be influenced by the policies to improve student reading achievement in Azerbaijan. The study differs from previous research in that it simultaneously examines multiple predictors of student reading achievement in a previously under-researched country.MethodThis study conducts a secondary analysis of the PIRLS 2016 data. Regression model is utilized to examine the effects of student and family factors on reading achievement.ResultsThe study finds that student characteristics (gender, liking reading, and confidence in reading) and family factors (home resources for learning, preschool attendance) are significantly associated with reading achievement of Grade 4 students in Azerbaijan. The model explains 17% of the variance in student reading achievement.ConclusionThis study discusses recommendations related to the effects of various factors on reading literacy scores.
Synthesis and characterisation of HIP Ca0.80Ce0.20ZrTi1.60Cr0.40O7 zirconolite and observations of the ceramic–canister interface
Authors: Blackburn Lewis R. , Cole Max R. , Gardner Laura J. , Bailey Daniel J. , Kuman Merve , Mason Amber R. , Sun Shi-Kuan , Maddrell Ewan R. , Stennett Martin C. , Corkhill Claire L. , Hyatt Neil C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA sample of zirconolite with nominal composition Ca0.80Ce0.20ZrTi1.60Cr0.40O7was processed via Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP), with a dwell temperature and pressure of 1320 °C/100 MPa maintained for 4 h. The produced wasteform was characterised by powder XRD, SEM–EDS, Ce L3and Cr K-edge XANES. A significant portion of the Ce inventory did not fully partition within the zirconolite phase, instead remaining as CeO2within the microstructure. Inspection of the stainless steel–ceramic interface detailed the presence of an interaction region dominated by a Cr-rich oxide layer. No significant Cr or Fe migration was observed, although a greater concentration of perovskite was observed at the periphery, relative to the bulk ceramic matrix. The X-ray absorption features of Cr remained analogous with Cr3+accommodation within TiO6octahedra in the zirconolite matrix. The absorption edge of Ce was comprised of contributions from zirconolite-2M and unincorporated CeO2, with an average oxidation state of Ce3.9+. As zirconolite-2M accounted for > 92 wt% of the overall phase assemblage, it is clear that the dominant oxidation state of Ce in this phase was Ce4+.Graphic abstract
Clinical and pathogenetic significance of angiogenesis factors (VEGF-A, HGF, IGF-1) in the development of cardiometabolic disorders in gout patients having different obesity phenotypes
Authors: Medvedeva T. A. , Kushnarenko N. N. , Mishko M. Yu. , Karavaeva T. M. , Volgina E. V. 
Published: April 2021

Aim. To study such circulating angiogenesis factors as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), as well as the cytokine profile (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-23) and their soluble receptors (SRp55 TNF-α, SR IL-6) in the blood serum of gout patients having various obesity phenotypes.Material and methods. The study included 112 male patients with intercritical gout. The patients were divided into 2 study groups: the 1st group consisted of 39 patients with a metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2; the 2nd group included 73 people having metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) with impaired immune status, hypertension (HTN) and class 1 abdominal obesity. The control group consisted of 25 metabolically healthy subjects with normal body weight. Serum concentration of uric acid, CRP, insulin, leptin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), cytokine status, plasma levels of VEGF-A, HGF, IGF-1 were studied. To assess the left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, tissue Doppler imaging of the mitral annulus was used.Results. In the group of patients with MUO, an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, TNF-α, SRp55 TNF-α) was revealed, while the level of TNF-α and IL-1β exceeds the control values in 4,7 and 6,8 times, respectively (p <0,05), and in the group of patients with MHO, 1,4 and 1,6 times, respectively (p<0,05). Correlations between VEGF-A and TNF-α (r=0,59, p<0,0001), IL-6 (r=0,68, p<0,001), CRP (r=0,59, p<0,0001), serum uric acid level (r=0,47, p<0,0001), decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r=-0,28, p<0,05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0,51, p<0,0001) were determined. The concentration of HGF and VEGF-A correlated with BMI (p<0,001). Associations of IGF-1 and HGF with hyperuricemia, carbohydrate metabolism and diastolic remodeling were established.Conclusion. The relationship between circulating levels of VEGF-A, HGF and IGF-1 with indicators of cytokine status, carbohydrate metabolism and Doppler imaging criteria for LV diastolic dysfunction allows to consider them as additional predictors of unfavorable cardiovascular risk.
War-on-Crime Fiction
Authors: Martin Theodore 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis essay tells the story of how the War on Crime helped remake American crime fiction in the 1960s and 1970s. Amid starkly racialized public anxieties about rising crime rates and urban uprisings, Lyndon B. Johnson officially launched the War on Crime in 1965. The cultural logic of Johnson's crime war infiltrated various kinds of crime writing in the ensuing decade. Tracking the crime war's influence on the police procedurals of Joseph Wambaugh; the Black radical novels of Sam Greenlee, John A. Williams, and John Edgar Wideman; and the vigilante fiction of Donald Goines and Brian Garfield, I argue that crime fiction in the War-on-Crime era emerged as a key cultural site for managing divergent political responses to a regime of social control that worked by criminalizing both race and revolt. By studying how novelists responded to the formative years of the War on Crime, we can begin to understand the complex role that literature played in alternately contesting and abetting the postwar transformation of the United States into a carceral state.
Simile for the Devil:Paradise Regainedand the Secularization of Satan
Authors: Magarik Raphael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA central, secularizing plot of John Milton'sParadise Regainedis the dissolution of Satan. As the Son passes from scriptural figure to reality, Satan is gradually reduced from mythological character to metaphor. While both the demythologization of evil and the explanation of religious concepts as metaphor have long histories as central examples of secularization and of the liberalization of religion, theorists from the political-theological right (e.g., Carl Schmitt) and postsecularist left (e.g., Talal Asad) have called attention to the analogies that can be drawn between apparently secular concepts and stories and earlier, religious doctrines and myths, claiming that such analogies call into question the legitimacy and distinctiveness of the secular. Against those critiques, I argue that secularization stories can be distinguished from religious narrative, albeit not for their naturalism, their liberalism, their rationalism, or other doctrinal content. Rather, they force us to face their own constructed, literary qualities.
Chest X-ray findings in COVID-19 patients: a descriptive study
Authors: Hussain Asraf , Mishra Jeetendra , Karn Achutanand Lal , Singh Alok Kumar , Ansari Parwez , Akhtar M. Kalim , Rimal Bikranta , Shah Dambar , Mahato Rajan , Bista Sagun , Singh Aadarsh , Kushwaha Omprakash , Yadav Surendra , Shah Rupesh , Ram Ramji 
Published: April 2021

Background: Early suspicion and diagnosis remains the cornerstone for the better outcome of patients and to decrease cross infection in cases of COVID-19 pneumonia. In a country like Nepal X-ray facilities are readily available radiological tool in most of the centers and can be important screening tool. There is a lack of studies detailing the chest XR (C-XR) findings in these patients when compared to that dedicated to the CT features. Study aims to describe the patterns of the lung opacities in CXR in these patients.Methods: This is retrospective descriptive study conducted at NMCTH in COVID-19 patients from 12 September to 17 October 2020. Demographic characteristics, symptoms, co-morbidities and C-XR findings were studied. CXR findings were categorized according to BSTI classification.Results: Among 111 COVID-19 RT-PCR positive cases admitted 102 (91.9%) belonged to age group 18-65 years, 89 (80.2%) were males. Cough and fever were the commonest symptoms present in 109 (98.2%) patients. Ischemic heart disease and hypertension in 32 (28.8%) patients were the commonest co morbidities. According to British society of thoracic imaging (BSTI) COVID-19 CXR classification, six patients (5.4%) had normal chest X-rays. Classic/probable COVID-19 picture was present in 79 (71.17%) patients while (7.2%) had intermediate for COVID-19 X-ray findings. Among 79 patients with classic/probable COVID-19 CXR findings 71 (89.8%) had bilateral consolidation/ground glass haze, 72 (91.1%) had peripheral lung involvement while 66 (83.5%) had middle and lower zone involvement.Conclusions: Ground glass opacities/consolidations with bilateral location, peripheral distribution and middle- lower zone predominance were the commonest X-ray findings in our study.
A comparative assessment of root coverage of gingival recession using modified coronally advanced flap using microsurgical and macro surgical techniques
Authors: Kaur Avineet , Kansil Shanam , Khilji Iqra , Kashyap Akanksha , K Dhillon Sonampreet , Kaur Jagjit 
Published: April 2021

Gingival anatomic factors, chronic trauma, periodontitis, and tooth alignment are the main conditions leading to gingival recession. The present study was conducted to compare the root coverage of localized GR using modified coronally advanced flap (CAF) and root conditioning with 24% EDTA when performed under magnification and without magnification. This study was conducted on 30 patients with Miller’s Class I and II GR. Patients were divided into 2 groups i.e 15 in each group. Group I (Coronally advanced flap with microsurgery ) was test group and group II (Coronally advanced flap with macrosurgical approach) was control. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) width of keratinized gingival, recession width and recession depth was recorded in both groups at baseline 1and 3 months for the test and control group. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to record pain postoperatively on 3rd and 7th day of the surgery. CAF and root conditioning were done with 24% EDTA. Surgical procedure at test site was carried under magnification 3.5 and at control site was done without magnification.The mean gingival index at baseline in group I was 0.45 and in group II was 0.66, PI was 0.86 in group I and 0.86 in group II, clinical attachment level was 3.02 in group I and 3.34 in group II, PD was 0.76 in group I and 0.74 in group II, width of keratinized tissue 4.20 in group I and 3.26 in group II, recession depth was 2.54 in group I and 2.68 in group II and recession width was 3.60 in group I and 3.68 in group II. There was alteration in mean GI, PI, CAL, PD, width of keratinized tissue, recession depth and recession width between both groups recorded at 1 month. Significant reduction was found in GI, CAL, width of keratinized tissue, recession depth and recession width in both groups (P&#60; 0.05). We found that mean VAS at 3 day in group I was 4.12 and in group II was 1.84 and at 7 day 0.68 in group I and 0.34 in group II.Authors found that microsurgery had less postoperative pain and discomfort when compared to macrosurgical approach. The use of the microscope augments the results, but obtaining an expertise in using needs a lot of practice.