bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotisch assistierte Resektion eines zentralen neoadjuvant behandelten Pankreaskarzinoms mit En-bloc-Resektion des Truncus coeliacus (modifizierte Appleby-Operation)
Authors: Thomaschewski Michael , Zimmermann Markus , Honselmann Kim , Müller-Debus Charlotte Friederieke , Jacob Fabian , Wellner Ulrich Friedrich , Keck Tobias , Bausch Dirk 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Pankreaskarzinom im Bereich des Korpus und linksseitig der mesenterikoportalen Achse wird wegen der unspezifischen oder gar fehlenden klinischen Symptome häufig erst in späten Stadien erkannt, wobei in etwa 20% der Fälle bereits eine Infiltration der umliegenden arteriellen oder venösen Gefäße vorliegt. Trotz eines lokal fortgeschrittenen Wachstums (T4, UICC-Stadium III) weisen 30% der Patienten keine Fernmetastasen auf und würden sich potenziell für eine lokale Resektion qualifizieren. Arterielle Resektionen mit Anastomosierung und Gefäßrekonstruktion sind einschränkend mit einer fast 9-fach erhöhten Mortalität des Eingriffs im Vergleich zu Resektionen ohne Gefäßrekonstruktion verbunden. Die Appleby-Operation stellt eine komplexe Operationstechnik dar, die ursprünglich für das fortgeschrittene Magenkarzinom entwickelt wurde. Die Adaptation der Technik wurde für Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Pankreaskorpus- und Pankreasschwanztumoren mit einer Infiltration des
Truncus coeliacus weiterentwickelt. Der Vorteil der Operation besteht darin, dass technisch keine Rekonstruktion der resezierten Arterien erfolgen muss, da man sich eine natürliche interne Anastomose im Pankreaskopf zwischen der A. mesenterica superior und der A. hepatica über Äste der A. gastroduodenalis zum Erhalt der Leberperfusion und der Magendurchblutung zu Nutze macht. Das Operationsverfahren ist jedoch ebenso mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden mit vergleichbar schlechten onkologischen Ergebnissen (R0-Raten ca. 60%), sodass das Verfahren bis vor einigen Jahren nicht empfohlen wurde und die Patienten als inoperabel galten. Im Zuge der Entwicklung neoadjuvanter Therapieverfahren beim Pankreaskarzinom wird die Appleby-Operation wieder häufiger durchgeführt, da der Bedarf an lokal radikal resezierenden Operationsverfahren und Techniken im Kontext der multimodalen Behandlung gestiegen ist. Im Zuge der derzeitigen Etablierung der Robotik in der
Viszeralchirurgie könnten bisherige Limitationen der minimalinvasiven Pankreaschirurgie überwunden werden und deutlich mehr Patienten die Vorteile der minimalinvasiven Chirurgie – wie eine schnellere Rekonvaleszenz – ermöglicht werden. Der Einsatz robotischer Operationsverfahren ermöglicht die Erweiterung minimalinvasiver Techniken in den Bereich der komplexen Gefäßresektion und Rekonstruktion. Im vorliegenden Videobeitrag beschreiben wir eine robotisch assistierte modifizierte Appleby-Operation mit dem Einsatz des Da Vinci Xi Surgical System bei einer Patientin mit einem fortgeschrittenen Pankreaskorpuskarzinom nach neoadjuvanter Therapie.
Neuroimaging Findings in Conjunction with Severe COVID-19
Authors: Büttner Laura , Bauknecht Hans Christian , Fleckenstein Florian Nima , Kahn Johannes , Tietze Anna , Bohner Georg , Siebert Eberhard 
Published: February 2021

Purpose COVID-19 has a variable, but well-described course. However, some patients additionally present with neurological symptoms. Recent studies also show a broad range of neuroimaging features. The purpose of this study was to perform a snapshot analysis to approximate the frequency and types of neuroimaging findings on CT and MRI scans in a large cohort of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients in a level I COVID-19 center, both in general and in critically ill patients.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed brain CT and MRI scans of 34 hospitalized COVID-19 patients at our level I COVID-19 center between March 15 and April 24 with regard to pathological neuroimaging findings. In addition, clinical parameters such as neurological symptoms, comorbidities, and type of ventilation therapy were also documented. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed.
Results Pathological findings were detected in 38.2 % of patients in the study cohort. Based on the weekly institutional SARS-CoV-2 report of all positively tested patients in our clinic at the time of data collection, neuroimaging findings could be found in 6 % of all patients (34/565). The most common findings were microbleeds (20.6 %) and signs of hypoxic brain injury (11.8 %). Furthermore, cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage, typical and atypical cerebral hematomas, ischemic strokes, and generalized brain edema were documented. All neuroimaging findings occurred in patients who were either intubated or treated by ECMO.
Conclusion Based on the analysis of this large cohort of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, pathological neuroimaging findings seem to be relatively rare in general but do occur in a substantial proportion of patients with severe COVID-19 disease needing intubation or ECMO.
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Citation Format
Images Are Data: A Breast Imaging Perspective on a Contemporary Paradigm
Authors: Dietzel Matthias , Clauser Paola , Kapetas Panagiotis , Schulz-Wendtland Rüdiger , Baltzer Pascal Andreas Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Background Considering radiological examinations not as mere images, but as a source of data, has become the key paradigm in the diagnostic imaging field. This change of perspective is particularly popular in breast imaging. It allows breast radiologists to apply algorithms derived from computer science, to realize innovative clinical applications, and to refine already established methods. In this context, the terminology “imaging biomarker”, “radiomics”, and “artificial intelligence” are of pivotal importance. These methods promise noninvasive, low-cost (e. g., in comparison to multigene arrays), and workflow-friendly (automated, only one examination, instantaneous results, etc.) delivery of clinically relevant information.
Methods and Results This paper is designed as a narrative review on the previously mentioned paradigm. The focus is on key concepts in breast imaging and important buzzwords are explained. For all areas of breast imaging, exemplary studies and potential clinical use cases are discussed.
Conclusion Considering radiological examination as a source of data may optimize patient management by guiding individualized breast cancer diagnosis and oncologic treatment in the age of precision medicine.
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Citation Format
Isolated Spontaneous Mesenteric Artery Dissection: A Rare Entity
Authors: Pradhan Akshyaya , Bhandari Monika , Vishwakarma Pravesh , Kumar Shailendra , Rai Anurag 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIsolated spontaneous dissection of the mesenteric artery in the absence of involvement of the aorta or its branches is an uncommon vascular entity. It is generally seen in males and presents with gastrointestinal symptoms due to mesenteric ischemia. However, asymptomatic cases are increasingly being diagnosed due to increased use of computed tomography (CT) angiography. The course is usually self-limiting, and conservative management with bowel rest, strict blood pressure control, anticoagulants, sedatives for pain, and close observation usually suffices. Surgery or endovascular stenting is usually reserved for those exhibiting bowel ischemia or impending rupture. We report a case of a young female with isolated spontaneous mesenteric artery dissection with thrombus, which did not improve with medical therapy and was managed promptly by surgery due to the presence of bowel ischemia.
Clinical Performance of Two Types of Primary Molar Indirect Crowns Fabricated by 3D Printer and CAD/CAM for Rehabilitation of Large Carious Primary Molars
Authors: Al-Halabi Mohammed Nour , Bshara Nada , Nassar Jihad Abou , Comisi John C. , Rizk Charline K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes of two types of esthetic crowns fabricated using a three-dimensional (3D) dental printer and computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system as an alternative full-coronal restoration for extensively carious pulp-treated primary molars.
Materials and Methods Randomization was done for 50 lower primary molars in 50 child patients, split into two groups based on the fabrication method used: Group A: CAD/CAM crowns using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blocks and Group B: 3D dental printed crowns using GC photopolymer resin. All crowns were evaluated at baseline and at 3rd, 6th, and 12th months using the U.S. Public Health Service criteria for gingival health, retention, and marginal integrity for both groups.
Statistical Analysis The survival rate of 3D-printable crowns was 84% compared with 80% survival rate using CAD/CAM fabricated crowns at the end of the 12th-month follow-up. No statistically significant differences were noted in restoration failure. In the evaluation of gingival health between the two groups’ follow-up times, no statistically significant differences were noted at the 3rd- and 6th-month follow-ups, yet at the 12th month, statistically significant differences were noted (p = 0.022) when comparing gingival health. No statistically significant differences were noted between the two groups when comparing marginal integrity scores in all the follow-up periods.
Conclusion Resin crowns fabricated via 3D dental printer and PMMA crowns fabricated using CAD/CAM are acceptable esthetic choices in restoring pulp-treated primary molars with great marginal integrity and crowns retention. 3D-printed resin crowns showed less cementing failure and performed better regarding gingival response compared with PMMA crowns.
Factors Associated with Noncarious Cervical Lesions in Different Age Ranges: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Penoni Daniela Cia , Gomes Miranda Maria Elisa da Silva Nunes , Sader Flávia , Vettore Mario Vianna , Leão Anna Thereza Thomé 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives Understanding the possible risk factors of noncarious cervical lesion (NCCL) is important for prevention and clinical management of the condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with the prevalence of NCCL among adolescents, adults, and elderly people.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study involving 501 participants aged 15 years or older was conducted. Participants were examined to assess the number of natural teeth and the prevalence and severity of NCCL by calibrated examiners. Data on age, gender, harmful toothbrushing habits, and acidogenic diet were collected through individual interviews. Multivariate Poisson’s regression models were used to evaluate the association between the independent variables and the prevalence of NCCL according to the three age groups: 15 to 39, 40 to 64, and 65 years or older.
Results The prevalence of NCCL among participants was 62.5% (95% confidence interval: 58.2–66.7). Among 15- to 39-year-old participants, the mean of NCCL was higher in males, those with lower number of teeth and acidogenic diet intake. Males aged 40 to 64 years and those with harmful brushing habits were more likely to present higher mean of NCCL. Elderly people with harmful toothbrushing habits had a greater mean of NCCL.
Conclusion Demographic (age and gender), clinical (number of teeth), and behavioral characteristics (harmful brushing habits and acidogenic diet) were meaningful factors associated with NCCL severity. The above-mentioned relationships varied between age groups.
A Retrospective Cohort Study on Mortality and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Infants Born to Mothers with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Kono Yumi , Yonemoto Naohiro , Nakanishi Hidehiko , Hosono Shigeharu , Hirano Shinya , Kusuda Satoshi , Fujimura Masanori ,   for the Neonatal Research Network Japan
Published: February 2021

Objective We examined the effects of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) on the mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (BW ≤1,500 g) based on their intrauterine growth status and gestational age (GA).
Study Design We included singleton VLBW infants born at <32 weeks' gestation registered in the Neonatal Research Network Japan database. The composite outcomes including death, cerebral palsy (CP), and developmental delay (DD) at 3 years of age were retrospectively compared among three groups: appropriate for GA (AGA) infants of mothers with and without HDP (H-AGA and N-AGA) and small for GA (SGA) infants of mothers with HDP (H-SGA). The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) stratified by the groups of every two gestational weeks were calculated after adjusting for the center, year of birth, sex, maternal age, maternal diabetes, antenatal steroid use, clinical chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, non-life-threatening congenital anomalies, and GA.
Results Of 19,323 eligible infants, outcomes were evaluated in 10,192 infants: 683 were H-AGA, 1,719 were H-SGA, and 7,790 were N-AGA. Between H-AGA and N-AGA, no significant difference was observed in the risk for death, CP, or DD in any GA groups. H-AGA had a lower risk for death, CP, or DD than H-SGA in the 24 to 25 weeks group (AOR: 0.434, 95% CI: 0.202–0.930). The odds for death, CP, or DD of H-SGA against N-AGA were found to be higher in the 24 to 25 weeks (AOR: 2.558, 95% CI: 1.558–3.272) and 26 to 27 weeks (AOR: 1.898, 95% CI: 1.427–2.526) groups, but lower in the 30 to 31 weeks group (AOR: 0.518, 95% CI: 0.335–0.800).
Conclusion There was a lack of follow-up data; however, the outcomes of liveborn preterm VLBW infants of mothers with HDP depended on their intrauterine growth status and GA at birth.
Key Points
High Prevalence of Abnormal General Movements in Hospitalized Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Alonzo Corrie J. , Letzkus Lisa C. , Connaughton Elizabeth A. , Kelly Nancy L. , Michel Joseph A. , Zanelli Santina A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective Abnormal general movements (GMs) are predictive of later risk of motor impairments in preterm infants. The goals of this study are to (1) describe the implementation of the GM assessment (GMA) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and (2) investigate the prevalence and evolution of abnormal GMs in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
Study Design Observational study of GMs in VLBW infants (gestational age [GA] <32 weeks and/or birth weight [BW] <1,500 g) following GMA implementation in a level-IV NICU. All VLBW infants admitted between November 2017 and April 2019 were eligible for the GMA. Infants were excluded if they required high-frequency ventilation or if they could not be unbundled for video acquisition. GMAs were scored weekly by at least 2 GMA-certified providers.
Results The GMA was performed in 121 VLBW infants with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) GA of 28.3 (2.6) and BW of 1,113 (400 g). Only 28% of infants had normal GMs on initial assessment (32.9 ± 2.7 weeks' GA), while 61 and 11% had poor repertoire and cramped-synchronized GMs, respectively. At NICU discharge (37.6 ± 3.4 weeks corrected GA), 45 and 21% of infants were classified as having poor repertoire and cramped-synchronized GMs, respectively. Most infants with cramped-synchronized GMs on initial assessment had persistent abnormal GMs at discharge. In contrast, only one infant with normal GMs on first assessment developed cramped-synchronized GMs.
Conclusion Abnormal GMs are common in VLBW infants, including a high prevalence of the more concerning cramped-synchronized movement pattern. The GMA can be successfully performed in VLBW infants. The GMA may be helpful in identifying infants at increased risk of later motor impairments, as well as assisting clinicians, in the stratification of infants who may benefit from additional brain imaging and/or an intensive hospital-based interventions.
Key Points
Climatizing the UN Security Council
Authors: Maertens Lucile 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince 2007, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has debated the security implications of climate change on several occasions. This article addresses these debates by exploring two interrelated questions: What drives the continuous efforts to place climate change on the UNSC’s agenda and to what extent do the UNSC’s debates illustrate an ongoing process of climatization? To answer these, the article draws on the concept of climatization, which captures the process through which domains of international politics are framed through a climate lens and transformed as a result of this translation. It suggests that climate change has become a dominant framing and an inescapable topic of international relations and that the UNSC debates follow a logic of expansion of climate politics by securing a steady climate agenda, attributing responsibility to the Council in the climate crisis, involving climate actors and advocating for climate-oriented policies to maintain international security.
Continuous topological transition from metal to dielectric
Authors: Yang Fan , Ma Shaojie , Ding Kun , Zhang Shuang , Pendry J. B. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
We extend the concept of metals and dielectrics to the “generalized metal/dielectric” by treating a pure metal or dielectric as the limiting case of a metal–dielectric layered metamaterial. Specifically, the metamaterial with metal filling ratio larger than one-half shares the same topological invariant as a pure metal and thus exhibits some metallic behaviors. In contrast, the dielectric-rich metamaterial and a pure dielectric are topologically equivalent and display dielectric properties. The topological edge state exists between the generalized metal and dielectric, giving the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) an additional physical meaning: the limiting case of a topological edge state.
Ultrasound activates mechanosensitive TRAAK K
+
channels through the lipid membrane
Authors: Sorum Ben , Rietmeijer Robert A. , Gopakumar Karthika , Adesnik Hillel , Brohawn Stephen G. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Ultrasound stimulation modulates the electrical activity of excitable cells, including in neurons of the brain and central nervous system. Compared to other neuromodulatory techniques, ultrasound offers several advantages; for example, it can be noninvasively transmitted through the skull and focused to deep brain regions. However, the molecular basis underlying the effects of ultrasound on neural activity is not known. Here, we show that ultrasound activates the mechanosensitive ion channel TRAAK through the membrane in a manner analogous to canonical mechanical activation, likely by increasing membrane tension to promote channel opening. These results suggest mechanosensitive channels underlie physiological responses to ultrasound and could serve as tools for acoustic neuromodulation of genetically targeted cells.
Interface mobility between monomers in dimeric bovine ATP synthase participates in the ultrastructure of inner mitochondrial membranes
Authors: Spikes Tobias E. , Montgomery Martin G. , Walker John E. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells. Pairs of molecular machines with a rotary action, called ATP synthase, are embedded in their inner membranes and produce adenosine triphosphate, ATP, the fuel of life. These dimers form long rows on cristae tips, helping to endow them with their characteristic and mobile tubular shape. Our structural analyses of bovine dimers show that some structural changes depend on catalysis and others are independent. The monomers pivot and translate at wedge-shaped structures in their membrane domains. The structures suggest how dimeric ATP synthases might interact and fashion themselves to the range of oligomeric arrangements observed in mitochondria, whilst allowing the ATP synthase to produce ATP under a wide range of physiological conditions.
Emergence of the circle in a statistical model of random cubic graphs
Authors: Kelly Christy , Trugenberger Carlo , Biancalana Fabio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider a formal discretisation of Euclidean quantum gravity defined by a statistical model of random 3-regular graphs and making using of the Ollivier curvature, a coarse analogue of the Ricci curvature. Numerical analysis shows that the Hausdorff and spectral dimensions of the model approach 1 in the joint classical-thermodynamic limit and we argue that the scaling limit of the model is the circle of radius r,

S

r

1

. Given mild kinematic constraints, these claims can be proven with full mathematical rigour: speaking precisely, it may be shown that for 3-regular graphs of girth at least 4, any sequence of action minimising configurations converges in the sense of Gromov–Hausdorff to

S

r

1

. We also present strong evidence for the existence of a second-order phase transition through an analysis of finite size effects. This—essentially solvable—toy model of emergent one-dimensional geometry is meant as a controllable paradigm for the nonperturbative definition of random flat surfaces.
Rotating black hole with an anisotropic matter field as a particle accelerator
Authors: Ahmed Rizwan C L , Naveena Kumara A , Hegde Kartheek , Ali Md Sabir , Ajith K M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recently, a generalised solution for Einstein equations for a rotating black hole, surrounded by matter field was proposed, which is the Kerr–Newman spacetime with an anisotropic matter [Phys. Rev. D. 101 064067]. Due to the negative radial pressure of the anisotropic matter, the solution possesses an additional hair along with the conventional mass, charge and spin. In this article we show that, this new class of black holes can act as a cosmic particle accelerator during the collision of two generic particles in its gravitational field in the ergo-region. The centre of mass energy of the particles shoots to an arbitrary high value in the vicinity of the event horizon for the extremal black hole. The physical conditions for the collision to take place are obtained by studying the horizon structure and circular particle motion. The results obtained are interesting from an astrophysical perspective.
A Ka-band pattern-reconfigurable microstrip antenna enabled by PIN diodes with accurate extraction of equivalent circuit parameters
Authors: Jiang Wan , Huang Yong Mao , Zhang Biao , Ling Jianhang , Waldschmidt Christian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A Ka-band microstrip antenna based on PIN diodes with accurate extraction of equivalent circuit parameters for pattern reconfigurability is proposed in this work. With the increase in operation frequency, the parasitic effect introduced by PIN diodes has tremendous influence on the performance of reconfigurable antennas; hence, the conventional equivalent circuit parameters of the PIN diodes are not applicable for higher-frequency applications, such as millimeter-wave circuits and antennas. Therefore, accurate equivalent circuit models of the conventional PIN diodes are essential in the millimeter-wave reconfigurable antenna design. Based on the combination of simulation and experimental results, accurate equivalent circuit model parameters for the millimeter-wave range of the PIN diode are extracted, with a pattern-reconfigurable antenna being developed afterwards. The proposed antenna consists of two PIN diodes, two interdigital capacitors, an L-shaped slot, and their bias networks. Particularly, the interdigital capacitors are utilized to isolate direct current (DC) from radio frequency circuits, which is able to improve the economic efficiency of the antenna notably as compared with conventional chip capacitors in the Ka-band. By combining a suitable arrangement of the diodes’ location and the DC bias networks, the main beam direction of the proposed antenna can be switched between −60° and 60°. To demonstrate the proposed idea, a prototype antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results agree with the simulation quite well, with a good performance around 30 GHz and a gain greater than 5 dBi for both modes being achieved.