bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised clinical trial: adjunctive induction therapy with oral effervescent budesonide in newly diagnosed coeliac disease
Authors: Newnham Evan D. , Clayton‐Chubb Daniel , Nagarethinam Meena , Hosking Patrick , Gibson Peter R. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe healing of the mucosal lesion in patients with coeliac disease is slow.AimTo determine whether concurrent budesonide and gluten‐free diet hasten small bowel healing and symptomatic improvement in patients with newly diagnosed coeliac disease.MethodsIn a pilot, randomised, double‐blind trial, effects on Marsh grading and quantitative duodenal morphometry of 10 weeks' effervescent budesonide (initially 9 mg/day) or placebo were assessed after 8 and 52 weeks. Multiple clinical measures and adverse events were assessed.ResultsNineteen patients were randomised to budesonide and 18 to placebo. No differences (all P > 0.32) were observed for the week‐8 mucosal response (Marsh 0 or 1) (budesonide: 37% vs placebo: 28%), week‐8 remission (Marsh 0) (32% vs 17%), week‐52 response (63% vs 44%) and week‐52 remission (42% vs 33%). Likewise, the improvement from baseline in villous‐height : crypt‐depth ratio was not different for the treatment groups. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical measures or adverse events between the treatment groups. No corticosteroid adverse effects were observed. In a post hoc analysis of all patients, Marsh 3C was present at the diagnostic biopsy in 1/9 achieving mucosal remission at 8 weeks versus 18/23 not (P < 0.001) and mean villous‐height : crypt‐depth ratio was 1.06 (SD: 0.73) versus 0.46 (0.38) (P = 0.005).ConclusionsIn this pilot trial, induction therapy with budesonide had no significant effect on mucosal healing in patients with coeliac disease concurrently initiated on a gluten‐free diet. Mucosal remission at 8 weeks occurred in approximately one in four patients and was associated with less severe histological lesions at diagnosis.
Did the Pope ban blood transfusion in 1678?
Authors: Jones David A. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThis paper concerns an alleged event in the history of haematology that disrupts the otherwise positive narrative of papal encouragement for blood transfusion. It is frequently stated, in popular websites and in the scholarly literature, that when blood transfusion was first developed it was banned by the Pope. However, careful analysis of the sources cited shows this claim to be without historical foundation. There was never any papal prohibition of blood transfusion. It is a myth that needs to be dispelled if the full extent of the Catholic Church’s support for blood and organ donation is to be appreciated.
Automatic Improvement of Continuous Colormaps in Euclidean Colorspaces
Authors: Nardini Pascal , Chen Min , Böttinger Michael , Scheuermann Gerik , Bujack Roxana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractColormapping is one of the simplest and most widely used data visualization methods within and outside the visualization community. Uniformity, order, discriminative power, and smoothness of continuous colormaps are the most important criteria for evaluating and potentially improving colormaps. We present a local and a global automatic optimization algorithm in Euclidean color spaces for each of these design rules in this work. As a foundation for our optimization algorithms, we used the CCC‐Tool colormap specification (CMS); each algorithm has been implemented in this tool. In addition to synthetic examples that demonstrate each method's effect, we show the outcome of some of the methods applied to a typhoon simulation.
Line Weaver: Importance‐Driven Order Enhanced Rendering of Dense Line Charts
Authors: Trautner T. , Bruckner S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLine charts are an effective and widely used technique for visualizing series of ordered two‐dimensional data points. The relationship between consecutive points is indicated by connecting line segments, revealing potential trends or clusters in the underlying data. However, when dealing with an increasing number of lines, the render order substantially influences the resulting visualization. Rendering transparent lines can help but unfortunately the blending order is currently either ignored or naively used, for example, assuming it is implicitly given by the order in which the data was saved in a file. Due to the non‐commutativity of classic alpha blending, this results in contradicting visualizations of the same underlying data set, so‐called “hallucinators”. In this paper, we therefore present line weaver, a novel visualization technique for dense line charts. Using an importance function, we developed an approach that correctly considers the blending order independently of the render order and without any prior sorting of the data. We allow for importance functions which are either explicitly given or implicitly derived from the geometric properties of the data if no external data is available. The importance can then be applied globally to entire lines, or locally per pixel which simultaneously supports various types of user interaction. Finally, we discuss the potential of our contribution based on different synthetic and real‐world data sets where classic or naive approaches would fail.
ClusterSets: Optimizing Planar Clusters in Categorical Point Data
Authors: Geiger J. , Cornelsen S. , Haunert J.‐H. , Kindermann P. , Mchedlidze T. , Nöllenburg M. , Okamoto Y. , Wolff A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn geographic data analysis, one is often given point data of different categories (such as facilities of a university categorized by department). Drawing upon recent research on set visualization, we want to visualize category membership by connecting points of the same category with visual links. Existing approaches that follow this path usually insist on connecting all members of a category, which may lead to many crossings and visual clutter. We propose an approach that avoids crossings between connections of different categories completely. Instead of connecting all data points of the same category, we subdivide categories into smaller, local clusters where needed. We do a case study comparing the legibility of drawings produced by our approach and those by existing approaches.In our problem formulation, we are additionally given a graph G on the data points whose edges express some sort of proximity. Our aim is to find a subgraph G′ of G with the following properties: (i) edges connect only data points of the same category, (ii) no two edges cross, and (iii) the number of connected components (clusters) is minimized. We then visualize the clusters in G′. For arbitrary graphs, the resulting optimization problem, Cluster Minimization, is NP‐hard (even to approximate). Therefore, we introduce two heuristics. We do an extensive benchmark test on real‐world data. Comparisons with exact solutions indicate that our heuristics do astonishing well for certain relative‐neighborhood graphs.
Animated Presentation of Static Infographics with InfoMotion
Authors: Wang Yun , Gao Yi , Huang Ray , Cui Weiwei , Zhang Haidong , Zhang Dongmei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBy displaying visual elements logically in temporal order, animated infographics can help readers better understand layers of information expressed in an infographic. While many techniques and tools target the quick generation of static infographics, few support animation designs. We propose InfoMotion that automatically generates animated presentations of static infographics. We first conduct a survey to explore the design space of animated infographics. Based on this survey, InfoMotion extracts graphical properties of an infographic to analyze the underlying information structures; then, animation effects are applied to the visual elements in the infographic in temporal order to present the infographic. The generated animations can be used in data videos or presentations. We demonstrate the utility of InfoMotion with two example applications, including mixed‐initiative animation authoring and animation recommendation. To further understand the quality of the generated animations, we conduct a user study to gather subjective feedback on the animations generated by InfoMotion.
Uncertainty‐aware Visualization of Regional Time Series Correlation in Spatio‐temporal Ensembles
Authors: Evers Marina , Huesmann Karim , Linsen Lars 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGiven a time‐varying scalar field, the analysis of correlations between different spatial regions, i.e., the linear dependence of time series within these regions, provides insights into the structural properties of the data. In this context, regions are connected components of the spatial domain with high time series correlations. The detection and analysis of such regions is often performed globally, which requires pairwise correlation computations that are quadratic in the number of spatial data samples. Thus, operations based on all pairwise correlations are computationally demanding, especially when dealing with ensembles that model the uncertainty in the spatio‐temporal phenomena using multiple simulation runs. We propose a two‐step procedure: In a first step, we map the spatial samples to a 3D embedding based on a pairwise correlation matrix computed from the ensemble of time series. The 3D embedding allows for a one‐to‐one mapping to a 3D color space such that the outcome can be visually investigated by rendering the colors for all samples in the spatial domain. In a second step, we generate a hierarchical image segmentation based on the color images. From then on, we can visually analyze correlations of regions at all levels in the hierarchy within an interactive setting, which includes the uncertainty‐aware analysis of the region's time series correlation and respective time lags.
TourVis: Narrative Visualization of Multi‐Stage Bicycle Races
Authors: Díaz J. , Fort M. , Vázquez P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere are many multiple‐stage racing competitions in various sports such as swimming, running, or cycling. The wide availability of affordable tracking devices facilitates monitoring the position along with the race of all participants, even for non‐professional contests. Getting real‐time information of contenders is useful but also unleashes the possibility of creating more complex visualization systems that ease the understanding of the behavior of all participants during a simple stage or throughout the whole competition. In this paper we focus on bicycle races, which are highly popular, especially in Europe, being the Tour de France its greatest exponent. Current visualizations from TV broadcasting or real‐time tracking websites are useful to understand the current stage status, up to a certain extent. Unfortunately, still no current system exists that visualizes a whole multi‐stage contest in such a way that users can interactively explore the relevant events of a single stage (e.g. breakaways, groups, virtual leadership…), as well as the full competition. In this paper, we present an interactive system that is useful both for aficionados and professionals to visually analyze the development of multi‐stage cycling competitions.
Data to Physicalization: A Survey of the Physical Rendering Process
Authors: Djavaherpour H. , Samavati F. , Mahdavi‐Amiri A. , Yazdanbakhsh F. , Huron S. , Levy R. , Jansen Y. , Oehlberg L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhysical representations of data offer physical and spatial ways of looking at, navigating, and interacting with data. While digital fabrication has facilitated the creation of objects with data‐driven geometry, rendering data as a physically fabricated object is still a daunting leap for many physicalization designers. Rendering in the scope of this research refers to the back‐and‐forth process from digital design to digital fabrication and its specific challenges. We developed a corpus of example data physicalizations from research literature and physicalization practice. This survey then unpacks the “rendering” phase of the extended InfoVis pipeline in greater detail through these examples, with the aim of identifying ways that researchers, artists, and industry practitioners “render” physicalizations using digital design and fabrication tools.
BLS courses for refugees are feasible and induce commitment towards lay rescuer resuscitation
Authors: Schnaubelt Sebastian , Schnaubelt Benedikt , Pilz Arnold , Oppenauer Julia , Yildiz Erdem , Schriefl Christoph , Ettl Florian , Krammel Mario , Garg Rakesh , Niessner Alexander , Greif Robert , Domanovits Hans , Sulzgruber Patrick 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐quality Basic Life Support (BLS), the first step in the Utstein formula for survival, needs effective education for all kinds of population groups. The feasibility of BLS courses for refugees is not well investigated yet.MethodsWe conducted BLS courses including automated external defibrillator (AED) training for refugees in Austria from 2016 to 2019. Pre‐course and after course attitudes and knowledge towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were assessed via questionnaires in the individuals’ native languages, validated by native speaker interpreters.ResultsWe included 147 participants (66% male; 22 [17‐34] years; 28% <18 years) from 19 countries (74% from the Middle East). While the availability of BLS courses in the participants’ home countries was low (37%), we noted increased awareness towards CPR and AED use after our courses. Willingness to perform CPR increased from 25% to 99%. A positive impact on the participants’ perception of integration into their new environment was noted after CPR training. Higher level of education, male gender, age <18 years and past traumatizing experiences positively affected willingness or performance of CPR.ConclusionBLS education for refugees is feasible and increases their willingness to perform CPR in emergency situations, with the potential to improve survival after cardiac arrest. Individuals with either past traumatizing experiences, higher education or those <18 years might be eligible for advanced life support education. Interestingly, these BLS courses bear the potential to foster resilience and integration. Therefore, CPR education for refuge should be generally offered and further evaluated.
Location, location, location: Melanoma cells “living at the edge”
Authors: Maiques Oscar , Sanz‐Moreno Victoria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbnormal cell migration and invasion underlie metastatic dissemination, one of the major challenges for cancer treatment. Melanoma is one of the deadliest and most aggressive forms of skin cancer due in part to its migratory and metastatic potential. Cancer cells use a variety of migratory strategies regulated by cytoskeletal remodelling. In particular, we discuss the importance of amoeboid invasive melanoma strategies, since they have been identified at the edge of human melanomas. We hypothesize that the presence of amoeboid melanoma cells will favour tumor progression since they are invasive and metastatic; they support immunosuppression; they harbour cancer stem cell properties and they are involved in therapy resistance. The Rho‐ROCK‐Myosin II pathway is key to maintain amoeboid melanoma invasion but this pathway is further regulated by pro‐tumorigenic/pro‐metastatic/pro‐survival signalling pathways such as JAK‐STAT3, TGFβ‐SMAD, NF‐κB, Wnt11/5‐FDZ7 and BRAFV600E‐MEK‐ERK. These pathways support amoeboid behaviour and are actionable in the clinic. After melanoma wide surgical margin removal, we propose that possible remaining melanoma cells should be eradicated using anti‐amoeboid therapies.
Child‐to‐Parent Violence: Examining the Frequency and Reasons in Spanish Youth
Authors: Cano‐Lozano M. Carmen , León Samuel P. , Contreras Lourdes 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe structure, reliability, and validity of the Child‐to‐Parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV‐Q) for youth is analyzed. Additionally, the frequency of child‐to‐parent violence and the reasons for carrying it out are analyzed.BackgroundChild violence toward parents is a type of violence that has recently garnered great social and scientific interest. The frequency rates found vary considerably (psychological violence between 8.5% and 27% and physical violence between 1.8% and 6.1%), in part due to the type of assessment instruments used.MethodA total of 1,543 young Spanish people between 18 and 25 years of age (50.2% male; Mage = 19.2 years; SD = 1.9) participated in this study and reported on the frequency of violent behavior toward parents when they were 12 and 17 years old.ResultsThe results confirm a factorial structure of the CPV‐Q, with four factors: psychological, physical, financial, and control/domain. The reasons for child‐to‐parent violence were grouped into instrumental and reactive.ConclusionsThe CPV‐Q for young people presents adequate psychometric properties. The high frequency rates of child‐to‐parent violence justify the need to continue advancing the study of this phenomenon.ImplicationsThe CPV‐Q is a useful instrument for assessing child‐to‐parent violence for both research and professional practice. It allows evaluating the frequency of a wide range of violent behaviors and the underlying reasons motivating this type of violence, which is of great help for interventions.
Is there a nonlinear economic threshold effect of financial development on the efficiency of sci‐tech innovation? An empirical test from the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Authors: Yan Xiang , Huang Yongchun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the core element of technological innovation, financial resources can play the role of financial support, risk sharing, service guidance, and other aspects, thereby enhancing the efficiency of sci‐tech innovation (STIE). Whether there is a complex nonlinear economic threshold effect of financial development (FD) on STIE in different regional context is worth further discussion. This paper selects the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) of China as the research object, based on the panel data of 110 cities, uses the Hansen threshold model to test the nonlinear “economic threshold effect” of FD on STIE. The results show that under different development scenarios in different regions, FD has a nonlinear “economic threshold effect” on STIE. This study extends the research sample to the cities of river basin, and elucidating the importance of regional context to the nonlinear “economic threshold effect” of FD on STIE further proposes that the sole focus of promoting the quantity of technology innovation by taking advantage of FD do not guarantee a positive effect on the development of STIE. Instead, the diverse, multiple financial policy instruments and stimulating the driving force of FD should be adopted towards the improvement of STIE in a phased and context specific manner.
Local embeddedness and training intensity: The mobility constraints perspective
Authors: Piasecki Przemysław 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between a company's local embeddedness and training intensity. It is argued that local embeddedness might influence training through several mechanisms, which eventually should lead to a higher level of training intensity. In order to verify this hypothesis, several two‐level ordered logit models were analysed on the basis of data gathered from employees working in Polish cooperative banks (N = 1707). Results confirm a positive correlation between local embeddedness and training intensity (measured by the number of training events and the number of training days). Next, it was verified to what extent this relationship might be attributed to the employees’ mobility constraints. To reach this goal, the level of education was employed as a moderator in a company's local embeddedness and training intensity relationship. The interaction analysis revealed that for lower thresholds (lower intensity of training) the positive correlation between local embeddedness and training intensity occurred only for employees with higher education. Since the employees with a higher level of education are generally perceived as those who receive more training, but are also more willing to change the employer, this result suggests the occurrence of a mobility constraints mechanism of local embeddedness.
Sirtuin 3 deficiency aggravates angiotensin II‐induced hypertensive cardiac injury by the impairment of lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Zhang Chen , Li Na , Suo Mengying , Zhang Chunmei , Liu Jing , Liu Lingxin , Qi Yan , Zheng Xuehui , Xie Lin , Hu Yang , Bu Peili 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLymphangiogenesis is possibly capable of attenuating hypertension‐induced cardiac injury. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is an effective mitochondrial deacetylase that has the potential to modulate this process; however, its role in hypertension‐induced cardiac lymphangiogenesis to date has not been investigated. Our experiments were performed on 8‐week‐old wild‐type (WT), SIRT3 knockout (SIRT3‐KO) and SIRT3 overexpression (SIRT3‐LV) mice infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) (1000 ng/kg per minute) or saline for 28 days. After Ang II infusion, SIRT3‐KO mice developed a more severe cardiac remodelling, less lymphatic capillaries and lower expression of lymphatic marker when compared to wild‐type mice. In comparison, SIRT3‐LV restored lymphangiogenesis and attenuated cardiac injury. Furthermore, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) exposed to Ang II in vitro exhibited decreased migration and proliferation. Silencing SIRT3 induced functional decrease in LECs, while SIRT3 overexpression LECs facilitated. Moreover, SIRT3 may up‐regulate lymphangiogenesis by affecting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) and ERK pathway. These findings suggest that SIRT3 could promote lymphangiogenesis and attenuate hypertensive cardiac injury.
Pathways from maternal shyness to adolescent social anxiety
Authors: Zeytinoglu Selin , Neuman Keara J. , Degnan Kathryn A. , Almas Alisa N. , Henderson Heather , Chronis‐Tuscano Andrea , Pine Daniel S. , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSocial anxiety is amongst the most prevalent adolescent mental health problems; however, it is often unrecognized due to its comorbidity with other anxiety problems such as generalized anxiety. Thus, understanding the unique developmental pathways to social anxiety is critical for improving its prevention. We examined the pathway from maternal shyness, when children were 4 years old, to adolescents’ social anxiety at age 15 through social wariness at age 7. We hypothesized that childhood social wariness would mediate the association between maternal shyness and social anxiety in adolescence.MethodsParticipants (N = 291; 54% female) were followed from early childhood to adolescence. Mothers reported on their own shyness when children were 4 years old. Social wariness toward unfamiliar peers was observed in the laboratory at ages 4 and 7. Adolescent social anxiety and generalized anxiety were assessed via self‐report, parent‐report, and clinical diagnoses at age 15.ResultsMaternal shyness was positively associated with adolescent social anxiety but not generalized anxiety at age 15. Higher levels of maternal shyness at age 4 predicted greater social wariness at age 7, which in turn predicted greater social anxiety but not generalized anxiety at age 15. Social wariness at age 7 partially mediated the association between maternal shyness and adolescent social anxiety.ConclusionsThis study identifies a unique developmental pathway from maternal shyness to adolescent social anxiety. Findings suggest that childhood social wariness connects maternal shyness to adolescent social anxiety.