bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment display a unique chromatin accessibility profile
Authors: Dadey Rebekah E , Cui Jian , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Yano Hiroshi , Liu Chang , Cohen Jonathan A , Liu Andrew W , Kaplan Daniel H , Workman Creg J , Vignali Dario A A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a suppressive CD4+ T cell population that limit the antitumor immune response. In this study, we analyzed the chromatin accessibility of Tregs in the murine tumor microenvironment (TME) to identify tumor-specific accessible peaks and if these are altered over time in the tumor microenvironment, with or without anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. We found that despite little change in chromatin accessibility of Tregs in the tumor over time, Tregs have a distinct chromatin accessibility signature in the TME compared with Tregs in the periphery. This distinct tumor Treg chromatin accessibility profile highlights reduced accessibility at loci important for an CD4+ conventional T cell (CD4+ Foxp3−) effector phenotype. Analysis of chromatin accessibility in Tregs from B16 and MC38 tumor models indicated that Tregs from skin-resident tumors are most similar to naïve skin resident Tregs but still bear key differences attributable to the TME. We also found that Tregs do not alter their transcriptome or chromatin accessibility following immunotherapy. We conclude that although chromatin accessibility in Tregs is somewhat similar to their tissue residency, the TME may drive a unique chromatin accessibility profile. Treg chromatin accessibility in the tumor appears remarkably stable and unaltered by tumor type, over time, or following immunotherapy.
Halfpipe: a tool for analyzing metabolic labeling RNA-seq data to quantify RNA half-lives
Authors: Müller Jason M , Altendorfer Elisabeth , Freier Susanne , Moos Katharina , Mayer Andreas , Tresch Achim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We introduce Halfpipe, a tool for analyzing RNA-seq data from metabolic RNA labeling experiments. Its main features are the absolute quantification of 4-thiouridine-labeling-induced T&gt;C conversions in the data as generated by SLAM-seq, calculating the proportion of newly synthesized transcripts, and estimating subcellular RNA half-lives. Halfpipe excels at correcting critical biases caused by typically low labeling efficiency. We measure and compare the RNA metabolism in the G1 phase and during the mitosis of synchronized human cells. We find that RNA half-lives of constantly expressed RNAs are similar in mitosis and G1 phase, suggesting that RNA stability of those genes is constant throughout the cell cycle. Our estimates correlate well with literature values and with known RNA sequence features. Halfpipe is freely available at https://github.com/IMSBCompBio/Halfpipe.
Appalachian-breeding Vermivora chrysoptera (Golden-winged Warbler) occur at very low densities in mid-elevation forests and agroforestry systems throughout the Andes and isolated massifs of northern Colombia
Authors: León León Juan Felipe , Bayly Nicholas J , Cano Natalia , Gómez Daniela , Bulluck Lesley , Harding Sergio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Vermivora chrysoptera (Golden-winged Warbler) is one of the most striking but also one of the most vulnerable migratory warblers on Earth. To understand its nonbreeding ecology in northern South America, where the steeply declining Appalachian breeding population is known to spend the nonbreeding season, we conducted 2,534 surveys between 2018 and 2023 in isolated massifs and the Andes of Colombia. Our goal was to evaluate the distribution, detection rates, elevational range, habitat preferences and microhabitat associations of the species. We obtained 54 detections, with a very low detection rate (2.13%) compared to rates reported from Central America (~10%). Detections covered a wide range of elevations (634–2,551 meters above sea level [m.a.s.l.]), with support for a mid-elevation peak at around 1,750 m.a.s.l. Importantly, detection elevation was negatively correlated with latitude such that peak abundances occurred at higher elevations closer to the equator. Most detections were in mature or secondary forests (72%), but birds also occurred along forest edges (17%) and in agroforestry systems (11%), such as shade-grown coffee. We found weak evidence for a female preference for lower elevations as well as more frequent use of agroforestry systems relative to males. Logistic regressions provided some support for a preference for forest over agriculture in both sexes as well as a higher detection probability at points with intermediate canopy height and canopy cover. Our results highlight the low density at which the species occurs across the northern Andes of Colombia and other isolated massifs. The association with forested habitats and the relatively narrow elevation range occupied by most birds implies that focusing conservation efforts on protecting or restoring forests at elevations where detection rates peaked would likely be an effective strategy for ensuring that nonbreeding habitat remains for Appalachian-breeding V. chrysoptera.
Trisomic rescue via allele-specific multiple chromosome cleavage using CRISPR-Cas9 in trisomy 21 cells
Authors: Hashizume Ryotaro , Wakita Sachiko , Sawada Hirofumi , Takebayashi Shin-ichiro , Kitabatake Yasuji , Miyagawa Yoshitaka , Hirokawa Yoshifumi S , Imai Hiroshi , Kurahashi Hiroki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human trisomy 21, responsible for Down syndrome, is the most prevalent genetic cause of cognitive impairment and remains a key focus for prenatal and preimplantation diagnosis. However, research directed toward eliminating supernumerary chromosomes from trisomic cells is limited. The present study demonstrates that allele-specific multiple chromosome cleavage by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats Cas9 can achieve trisomy rescue by eliminating the target chromosome from human trisomy 21 induced pluripotent stem cells and fibroblasts. Unlike previously reported allele-nonspecific strategies, we have developed a comprehensive allele-specific (AS) Cas9 target sequence extraction method that efficiently removes the target chromosome. The temporary knockdown of DNA damage response genes increases the chromosome loss rate, while chromosomal rescue reversibly restores gene signatures and ameliorates cellular phenotypes. Additionally, this strategy proves effective in differentiated, nondividing cells. We anticipate that an AS approach will lay the groundwork for more sophisticated medical interventions targeting trisomy 21.
Pain During Cesarean Delivery: We Can and Must Do Better
Authors: Zakowski MI , Fardelmann K , Hofkamp MP 
Published: February 2025

(Anesthesiology. 2024; 140:1235–1239. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000004968)
Recently, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) released a statement on pain during cesarean delivery (CD) from the Committee on Obstetric Anesthesia which addressed the failure to achieve pain-free CD. This article is a letter to the editor in response to this statement, arguing that providers “can and must do better” to relieve pain for patients during this procedure.
The Impact of Devaluing Women of Color: Stress, Reproduction, and Justice
Authors: Mayne GB , Ghidei L 
Published: February 2025

(Birth. 2024;51:245–252. doi:10.1111/birt.12825)
Women of color frequently experience distress, inadequate treatment, and inferior health care during pregnancy in comparison to White women. This gap is particularly pronounced for Black women, who face the most significant reproductive health challenges, such as elevated maternal mortality rates. The inequalities stem from racist policies in the past and persist because of systemic practices that undervalue Women of Color, leaving them at higher risk for adverse consequences. This depreciation can result in health care providers ignoring or downplaying their distress, worsening their difficulties. Moreover, the medical field frequently has blamed these worse results on assumed innate characteristics rather than structural prejudices, thus solidifying inequalities. Respectful and antiracist pregnancy care practices can change these outcomes.
Mandatory Preanesthesia Pregnancy Testing: Ethical Considerations for Adolescents
Authors: Haltom JP , Martin AS , Leland B 
Published: February 2025

(Anesth Analg. 2024;139(4):e39–e41. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000007153)
In reaction to the ethical review by Jackson and colleagues, this letter emphasizes the intricacies of perioperative pregnancy testing, especially concerning adolescent patients. Although the original article offers a professional examination of literature, practice, and ethical issues, further dialogue is required about adolescents’ ethical dilemmas.
The Carbon Footprint of Different Modes of Birth in the UK and the Netherlands: An Exploratory Study Using Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Spil NA , van Nieuwenhuizen KE , Rowe R , Thornton JG , Murphy E , Verheijen E , Shelton CL , Heazell AEP 
Published: February 2025

(BJOG. 2024;131(5):568–578. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17771)
The research explores the carbon footprint associated with different childbirth procedures in the UK and the Netherlands, particularly looking at cesarean birth (CB) and vaginal deliveries (VD) in both hospital and home settings. Identifying and reducing high-emission areas, including maternity care, is crucial as health care accounts for about 5% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. Using life cycle assessment (LCA), this study offers information on the carbon footprint (a quantitative assessment of greenhouse gas emissions attributed to an occurrence and expressed in CO2e) associated with childbirth so that maternity health care professionals can make environmentally conscious choices.
Is There More to POCUS Than the Heart and Lungs in the Parturient-Venous Excess Ultrasound Score?
Authors: Munoz-Acuna R , Charchaflieh JG , Deshpande R 
Published: February 2025

(Anesth Analg. 2024;139(3):e23–e25. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000007100)
The venous excess ultrasound score (VExUS) offers essential information about venous disorders and their relevance for tailored treatment in preeclampsia. Historically, preeclampsia has been defined as a multisystem condition caused by endothelial dysfunction, frequently leading to pulmonary edema and heightened capillary permeability. Nonetheless, new evidence emphasizes the importance of cardiac function, intrinsic volume overload, and venous hemodynamic dysfunction as key factors in its pathophysiology.
Epidural and Intrathecal Magnesium Sulphate Administration Errors: Clinical Features and Contributing Factors
Authors: Patel S 
Published: February 2025

(Br J Anaesth. 2023; 130:435–440. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2022.12.015)
Normal extracellular and intracellular magnesium ion (Mg²+) concentrations in the central nervous system are crucial for metabolic processes and cellular activities. Recently, magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) has gained popularity for enhancing the effects of analgesia (through routes such as intravenous, intrathecal, epidural), as an adjunct to opioids or local anesthetics. However, the availability of MgSO4 in various concentrations or as premixed preparations by pharmacies for infusion, increases the risk of medication errors.
Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Utilization of Labour Epidural Analgesia in Scotland: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Halliday L , Shaw M , Kyzayeva A , Lawlor DA , Nelson SM , Kearns RJ 
Published: February 2025

(Anaesthesia. 2024;79:473–485. doi:10.1111/anae.16236)
Socioeconomic disparity is a major contributor to maternal health risks, presenting a public health obstacle. Epidural analgesia (EA), considered the best by the World Health Organization for managing labor pain, enhances maternal results like pain relief and satisfaction while reducing the chances of postnatal depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Usage of EA varies in high-income countries due to sociodemographic factors despite its advantages. Reports from the United States and the UK indicate a rise in maternal and perinatal risks within socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Deprivation, and Postpartum Outcomes Following Cesarean Delivery: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: O’Carroll JE , Zucco L , Warwick E , Radcliffe G , Moonesinghe SR , El-Boghdadly K , Guo N , Carvalho B , Sultan P 
Published: February 2025

(Anaesthesia. 2024;79:486–497. doi:10.1111/anae.16241)
Discrepancies in maternal and neonatal results across diverse ethnic and socioeconomic groups have been thoroughly documented. The postnatal period is crucial to a mother’s health, as it is the time when most maternal deaths happen. Research has indicated that individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds have a mortality rate that is over double that of wealthier obstetric patients. Maternal mortality rates are much higher in minority ethnic groups in the UK, where Black patients have a 4-fold higher risk of death compared with White patients. In addition, Black patients are more prone to receiving general anesthesia during cesarean deliveries and experience a 30% increased rate of postpartum readmissions in comparison to White patients.
Genetic Carrier Screening—Call for a Global Mission
Authors: Henneman L 
Published: February 2025

(N Engl J Med. 391;20. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2410086)
The unexpected diagnosis of a severe genetic condition in a child often reveals to parents their risk of passing the condition on to future children. This was the experience of Rachael and Jonathan Casella, whose daughter Mackenzie was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy and died at 7 months. This tragic event motivated the couple to advocate for widespread carrier screening, which could help parents make informed reproductive choices before or during pregnancy. In response to their efforts, the Australian Government launched Mackenzie’s Mission, a nationwide genetic carrier screening project, with a funding of $20 million AUD.
Commonly Used Antiemetics for Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Cesarean Delivery With Neuraxial Morphine: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang L , Huang J , Hu H , Chang X , Xia F 
Published: February 2025

(Br J Anaesth. 2024;132(6):1274–1284. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2024.03.010)
Neuraxial morphine (NM) is frequently utilized for pain relief after cesarean delivery (CD) because the majority of CDs are conducted using neuraxial anesthesia. Nevertheless, 60% to 80% of women who do not receive prophylaxis will experience postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Preventing PONV is crucial for maternal satisfaction and timely hospital discharge, especially in the ERAS framework. Although there are recommendations for treating PONV, they are usually geared toward the overall surgical population and may not be completely relevant for obstetric patients who are given NM. Previously, traditional meta-analyses only compared individual antiemetics or classes to a placebo, whereas network meta-analyses (NMA) enabled the comparison of several interventions. A recently published NMA on antiemetics for preventing PONV in CDs included women both receiving and not receiving NM, making it difficult to determine the effectiveness of any antiemetic class in this patient population.
Regional Anesthesia Lower-Body Warming and Postoperative Temperature in Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Haim S , Cohen B , Lustig A , Greenberger C , Aptekman B , Weiniger CF 
Published: February 2025

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 58;2024:103990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2024.103990)
Perioperative hypothermia and shivering are frequent during cesarean delivery (CD) under spinal anesthesia. Hypothermia occurs in around 60% of cases, which when severe contributes to surgical site infections, cardiac issues, and coagulation disorders. In ∼85% of cases, maternal shivering increases discomfort and oxygen consumption while complicating patient monitoring. Active warming methods, such as warmed intravenous (IV) fluids and maintaining appropriate room temperatures, can help counteract this heat loss. Prewarming using forced-air devices has been shown to reduce both intraoperative hypothermia and shivering in CD patients. However, studies using only intraoperative warming have shown limited benefits. This study aimed to test whether combining intraoperative lower-body forced-air warming with warmed IV fluids would mitigate maternal relative hypothermia during elective CD compared with warmed IV fluids alone.
Severe Dural Ectasia in a Pregnant Patient With Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Vargas Zúñiga JP , George RB 
Published: February 2025

(Can J Anesth. 2024;71(4):548–549. doi:10.1007/s12630-024-02691-8)
Vargas Zúñiga and George publish a case report on a woman with known Marfan syndrome who gave birth through cesarean delivery (CD). The patient was 36 years old and was known to have Marfan syndrome. This was her first pregnancy, which was full term (37+4 wk) at the time of presentation. To understand what limitations they needed to consider for the CD, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transthoracic echocardiography was performed which resulted in finding aortopathy of the ascending aorta, with measurements of 40 and 38 mm, respectively. The patient was also identified to have mild mitral regurgitation, mild scoliosis, and pelvis excavatum. Earlier in the pregnancy, a pelvis and abdominal MRI revealed pronounced dural ectasia in the lumbar and sacral regions of the spine. An MR image of the patient with increased anteroposterior diameter in lumbar and sacral regions was published alongside a view of the normal lumbar spine, for comparison and reference purposes.
Effect of Anti-Inflammatory Regimen on Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Miranda Juliana F. , Maestrini Heloísa A. , Barbosa Carolinne C. P. , Oltramari Laura , Guedes Guilherme B. , Nascimento Marcelo M. , Prata Tiago S. , Urata Carla N. , Abe Ricardo Y. 
Published: February 2025

Precis:
Patients in the prednisolone acetate 1% group post-SLT had higher treatment success rates comparing to other anti-inflammatory drugs.

Purpose:
To investigate the effect of different anti-inflammatory regimens on selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) outcomes.

Patients and Methods:
Prospective randomized controlled trial. We included newly diagnosed primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients that underwent a primary SLT session. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups (prednisolone acetate 1%, prednisolone acetate 0.12% and ketorolac tromethamine 0.5%). After SLT, intraocular pressure (IOP) data were collected at different time points: days 7 and 30, and at 3, 6 and 12 months post-SLT. Main outcome measure was the comparison of success rates (Kaplan Meier survival analysis) between groups (log-rank test).

Results:
We included a total of 134 eyes from 134 newly diagnosed POAG patients (mean age: 62.64±13.86 y) with a mean follow-up of 287±104 days. We observed a significant IOP reduction following SLT treatment in all groups at 12 months (baseline IOP 19.57±3.78 vs. final IOP: 14.39±2.29 mmHg, P<0.001). Patients in the acetate prednisolone 1% group presented higher survival rates (83.7%) comparing to the other groups (prednisolone acetate 0.12%=63.9%; ketorolac tromethamine 0.5%=67.0%) at 12 months (P=0.003). Patients in the acetate prednisolone 1% group had higher chances of treatment success (hazard ratio [HR] 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13–0.68, P=0.004), as well as younger patients (HR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00–1.05, P=0.005) and those with higher baseline IOP (HR 0.78; 95% CI: 0.72–0.85 P<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, patients in the acetate prednisolone 1% group remained with higher chances of treatment success (HR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15–0.91, P=0.031). No sight-threatening adverse events was reported during follow-up in all groups.

Conclusions:
In summary, evaluating the effect of different anti-inflammatory regimens on SLT outcomes in newly diagnosed POAG patients, we found had higher success rates in patients treated with prednisolone acetate 1% after SLT. In addition, higher baseline IOP seem to positively influence post-operative outcomes.
The Forensic Humor Project: An Interview Study on Forensic Mental Health Inpatients Experience With and Use of Humor
Authors: Larsen Signe Unmack , Bruun Henriette , Christiansen Lene Schmidt , Hedetoft Celina , Gildberg Frederik Alkier 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The literature suggests that humor is of central importance in the staff–patient relationship. However, within forensic mental health, the most recent review underlines a scarcity of research focusing on the use of humor from a forensic patient perspective. Therefore, this study investigated the characteristics of forensic mental health inpatients' perceptions of staff and their own use of humor within a forensic mental health setting.

Method
The project explored this through semistructured interviews with 11 forensic mental health inpatients and subsequent thematic analysis.

Results
Overall, the patients found that staff should keep practicing humor during admission. The study showed that inpatients viewed the use of humor in terms of “identity” and “community and closer relationships” providing possibilities for “contagious social therapy” if managed according to “power: insight, context, and intention.” These elements of humor were used to “deescalate conflicts” and to create a “positive therapeutic alliance” if carried out with (a) relational sensitivity, (b) situational sensitivity, (c) person-centeredness, and (d) humor being power informed.

Conclusion
The inpatients recommended nursing staff use of humor during admission.
Impacts of Substance Use and Mental Health Symptoms on Cervical Cancer Screening and Viral Suppression: A Mixed Methods Study With Reproductive-Age Women With HIV in Florida
Authors: Deaterly Caroline D. , Forsyth Bianca , Nazario Paula , Bhagwat Setu , Parker Leslie A. , Starkweather Angela , Cook Robert L. , Varma Deepthi S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Women with HIV (WWH) often receive suboptimal screening for cervical cancer despite being at an increased risk for cervical cancer and poor viral suppression. Mental health symptoms and substance use can adversely influence cervical cancer screening and viral suppression. The subjective experience of how these variables influence these outcomes in reproductive-age WWH is not well understood. Our study explored the perspectives of reproductive-age WWH living in Florida regarding the mechanisms by which mental health or substance abuse influences cervical cancer screening and viral suppression. An explanatory sequential mixed methods research design was used. A one-on-one semi-structured interview guided and informed by the Social Ecological Model (SEM) and results from previous quantitative analysis were used (N =16). Themes related to how substance use and mental health symptoms as barriers, and facilitators, including motherhood, community support, marijuana use, and medication adherence were reported. Study finding implications for research and clinicians are discussed.