bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Glycemic Index Diets on Long‐term Blood Pressure Control: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Mirrahimi Arash , Reiser Erika , Chiavaroli Laura , Sievenepiper John L , de Souza Russell J , Augustin Livia SA , Beyene Joseph , Kendall Cyril WC , Jenkins David JA 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVESWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess effectiveness of low GI diets on blood pressure (BP) in the long‐term.METHODSWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials for clinical trials, 3 months or longer. Cochrane guidelines and the PRISMA methodologies were used. Results were pooled in Review Manager under generic inverse variance methods with random effects models and expressed as Mean Difference (MD) with 95% CI.RESULTS1290 reports were identified with 9 trials meeting eligibility criteria (7 parallel, 2 crossovers). 7 trials reported Systolic BP (SBP) (n=666, average duration= 27.7 weeks) while 6 had Diastolic BP (DBP) data (n=563, average duration= 23.2 weeks). The pooled effect of low GI diets was −0.17mmHg (95%CI: −1.07,0.74) for SBP and −2.26mmHg (95%CI: −4.17, − 0.35) for DBP, with significant heterogeneity for both (I2>;86%, P<0.00001).CONCLUSIONLow GI diets can lower DBP in T2D in the long‐term.Study Supported by Barilla
Changes in plasma citrulline concentration among young Malian children with moderate acute malnutrition following a 12‐week dietary intervention
Authors: McDonald Christine , Ackatia‐Armah Robert , Kellogg Mark , Erhardt Juergen G. , Doumbia Seydou , Brown Kenneth H. , Duggan Christopher 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe amino acid citrulline (Cit) is a biomarker of enterocyte mass and may be useful in assessing intestinal absorptive capacity of undernourished children in developing countries.ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in plasma Cit in Malian children aged 6–35 months with non‐edematous, moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) before and after nutritional rehabilitation.MethodsPlasma Cit was measured using ultra performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry in 128 children (mean age 15.5 mo) enrolled in a trial that provided 500 kcal/d of supplementary food for 12 wks.ResultsAt baseline, the mean weight‐for‐height Z (WHZ), height‐for‐ age Z, mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and plasma Cit concentration were −2.22, −2.16, 12.1 cm, 7.7 mg/L and 12.3 μmol/L, respectively. At 12 wks, mean ± SD Cit increased to 14.3 ± 5.8 μmol/L (p<0.0001). Mean change in plasma Cit was greater among the 88 children who recovered from MAM vs. the 40 who did not (2.7 ± 5.2 μmol/L vs. 0.6 ± 4.8 μmol/L, p=0.03). After controlling for age, sex, baseline CRP and Cit, a 1 μmol/L increase in Cit was associated with increases of 0.037 in WHZ (p=0.005) and 0.029 in MUAC (p=0.04).ConclusionsCit increased with gains in WHZ and MUAC during nutritional rehabilitation and may reflect an improved ability to absorb essential nutrients.
Implausible energy intake reporting in overweight women throughout a weight loss trial
Authors: Rodriguez‐Ramirez Sonia , Mendez Michelle A. , Hernandez‐Cordero Sonia , de Cossío Teresa González , Popkin Barry M. 
Published: June 2021

Research suggests implausible energy intake reporting increases during weight loss trials, but estimates that ignore energy deficits linked to weight loss may be inflated. We identified implausible reporters in a weight loss trial incorporating measured weight changes. 240 women in Cuernavaca, Mexico were enrolled in a randomized weight loss trial with two arms: dietary counseling only and counseling plus provision of bottled drinking water. Women were 18–45y, with BMIs >;25kg/m2, no chronic diseases, and baseline intakes of sugar sweetened beverages ≥250 kcals/day. Measures were obtained at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 mos. Implausible reporting was identified by the disparity between reported energy intakes (EIs) vs. predicted energy requirements (pER) from doubly‐labeled water equations adjusted for energy deficits based on weight changes and TEE (actigraph). Implausible EIs were defined as intakes exceeding estimated ±1.5 SD limits around pERs. The baseline prevalence of underreporting was 10.8%, increasing to 31.3–35.5% post‐intervention, lower than estimates of 41.3–45.0% which overlooked weight changes. Underreporters had higher baseline BMIs than those with plausible intakes. Underreporting adjustment enhanced diet‐weight loss associations. Underreporting was prevalent even after accounting for weight changes, and should be considered when analyzing dietary changes patterns and weight loss.Funded by: Danone Research, UNC‐CH and NIPH
Milk intake is associated with lower risk of hip fracture in older men & women: the Framingham Original Cohort
Authors: Sahni Shivani , Tucker Katherine L. , Kiel Douglas P. , Quach Lien , Casey Virginia , Hannan Marian T. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveHealth effects of dairy foods may be due to more than a single nutrient. We evaluated association of milk, yogurt, cheese, cream & total dairy intakes with incident hip fracture over a 20‐y follow‐up in the Framingham Original Cohort.Methods802 men & women completed an FFQ at the baseline (1988–89) and were followed for hip fracture until 2008. We used Cox‐proportional hazards regression to estimate Hazard Ratios (HR) by tertiles of energy adjusted dairy intake (serv/wk) adjusting for age, weight, height, sex, energy intake, current smoking, calcium & vitamin D supplement use.ResultsMean age was 77y (SD: 4.9, range: 28–92). 104 hip fractures occurred over the follow‐up time. Mean ± SD (serv/wk) of dairy intakes at baseline were: milk 6.0 ± 6.5, yogurt 0.4 ± 1.4, cheese 2.6 ± 3.0, & cream 3.4 ± 5.0. Participants in the higher tertiles (T2–T3) of milk intake [HR (95%CI): T3: 0.61 (0.38–0.99), T2: 0.62 (0.39–1.00)] had lower risk of hip fracture than those in the lowest tertile (P: T3 vs T1: 0.04, T2 vs. T1: 0.05; trend: 0.04). Participants in the highest tertile (T3) of total dairy intake [HR (95%CI): T3: 0.64 (0.39–1.07), T2: 0.98 (0.61–1.54)] tended to have lower risk of hip fracture than those in the lowest tertile (P: T3 vs. T1: 0.09, trend: 0.10). No significant associations were seen for other dairy foods (P trend range: 0.40–0.81).ConclusionThese results suggest a protective effect of milk, but not of other dairy foods, against fracture risk in older adults. Some foods, particularly yogurt, were consumed in small amounts with limited variability, making it difficult to see an effect.Funding support: NIH AR # 053205; AR/AG41398 & Framingham Heart Study (N01‐HC‐25195) and General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition
The cellular hierarchy and composition of human breastmilk
Authors: Hassiotou Foteini , Hartmann Peter E. 
Published: June 2021

During pregnancy and lactation, mammary stem cells remodel the breast into a milk‐secretory organ by proliferating and subsequently differentiating into both myoepithelial cells and lactocytes. Thus, we reasoned that the lactating gland, which is the fully mature organ, can offer a more comprehensive view of the mammary cellular hierarchy and dynamics than the resting gland. To non‐invasively access cells from the human lactating breast, we used freshly expressed breastmilk from which cells were isolated and characterized ex vivo for expression of markers of various lineages and differentiation stages. These included markers of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells, epithelial and mammary‐specific markers, hematopoietic and mesenchymal markers. Rare specimens of human lactating breast tissues were used to examine the origin of the different cell types identified in breastmilk. The ex vivo and in situ analyses were coupled by in vitro studies, which showed that along with the more differentiated cells, breastmilk contains progenitor cells and stem cells, some of which display pluripotency. These findings reveal a novel cellular hierarchy in breastmilk, characteristic of the lactating breast. Importantly, the presence of stem cells in breastmilk raises the question of the role of these cells for the breastfed infant.Grant Funding Source: Women and Infants Research Foundation; Medela AG
Tissue and Gender‐Specific Differences in the Iron Contents of Diabetic Mice
Authors: Harrison Krystal , Bost Darrian , Ongeri Elimelda , Fordahl Steven , Erikson Keith M , Han Jian 
Published: June 2021

Iron is essential for life. The increase of total body iron stores has been associated with an increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes. Meprins are metalloproteases that are abundantly expressed in the brush border membranes of proximal kidney tubules and have been implicated in diabetic nephropathy. The objective of this study was to investigate the iron status in type I diabetic mice, and determine if meprin α deficiency impacts iron distribution. Two strains of mice, C57BL/6, which express normal levels of meprin α and meprin β (n=10 female, n=9 male), and C3H/He, which are deficient in meprin α (n=3 male, n=3 female) were studied. Low dose streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce type 1 diabetes in 8 week old mice. Mice were sacrificed at week 11 post‐STZ injection and tissues (liver, spleen, brain, heart, and kidney) were harvested for iron analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Results showed tissue‐ and gender‐specific differences in iron levels in diabetic and non‐diabetic control mice. In both C57BL/6 and C3H/HE mice, male mice had over 10 times more iron compared to female mice in all tissues examined. Compared to non‐diabetic control mice, diabetic mice showed higher iron content in the heart, but lower in the liver. There was no difference in iron content between C57BL/6 and C3H/HE mice, which indicated that the level of meprin α did not affect iron status.Grant Funding Source: none
Vitamin E TPGS Emulsified Zein Nanoparticles Enhanced the Uptake and Transport of Daidzin on Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco‐2 Cells
Authors: Zou Tao , Gu Liwei 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveVitamin E TPGS 1000 emulsified zein nanoparticles (TZN) were designed to improve the absorption of daidzin, an isoflavone glycoside.MethodsZein nanoparticles (ZN) and TZN were fabricated using an anti‐solvent method. The morphology of ZN and TZN was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope. Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering. Release of daidzin loaded nanoparticles was determined on HPLC in simulated digestive fluids and pH 7.4 buffer. Cellular uptake of fluorescent nanoparticles was quantified and visualized using Fluorescence Microplate Reader and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cellular transport of daidzin loaded TZN was investigated using human intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cells in transwell plates.ResultsZN and TZN were found spherical in shape with a mean size of around 200 nm and a low polydispersity. Daidzin loaded TZN had a slower daidzin release compared with daidzin loaded ZN in both simulated digestive fluids and pH 7.4 buffer. Confocal microscopy and cellular uptake studies suggested that the fluorescent TZN achieved significantly higher cellular uptake efficiency than the fluorescent ZN. Cellular transport study revealed that daidzin loaded TZN were transported more efficiently through Caco‐2 monolayer than daidzin solution.ConclusionThese results suggested that TZN improved uptake and transport of daidzin on Caco‐2 cells.
Hydroxytyrosol prevents hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in physiological concentrations
Authors: Giordano Elena , Davalos Alberto , Nicod Nathalie , Visioli Francesco 
Published: June 2021

Olive oil is the essential component of the Mediterranean diet, which is associated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases and higher life expectancy. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic compound peculiar to olives and, hence, to virgin olive oil. Among the numerous health‐promoting properties of HT, recent findings demonstrated its ability to prevent LDL oxidation which may, ultimately, decrease cardiovascular risk. One rising risk factor for cardiovascular disease is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The roles played by the ER in cardiometabolism are likely to be relevant and manifold; mounting evidence indicates the ER as an important target of dietary or pharmacological intervention. We report the preventive activities of HT physiological concentrations toward ER stress in hepatocytes, as shown by real time‐RT PCR and Western Blot analysis of CHOP and BiP, two main components of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated upon the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. The protective activities of HT were superior to those of two isoflavones mostly found in soy, i.e. genistein and daidzein and of two thiolic antioxidants, i.e. lipoic acid and glutathione. Although in vivo confirmation is required, these data add mechanistic insights on specific olive phenols, such as HT, as cardioprotective compounds.Research support: Ministerio C+I España/Marie Curie Amarout EU Programme
Evaluation of in vitro anti‐hyperglycemic effect of Cinnamon cassia derived phenolic phytochemicals
Authors: Kang Bou‐Hee , Racicot Kenneth , Kwon Young‐In , Apostolidis Emmanouil 
Published: June 2021

Cinnamon cassia (Cinnamon) proanthocyanidins (PACs) are shown to have anti‐hyperglycemia potential. The present study investigates the carbohydrate hydrolysis enzyme inhibition of cinnamon PACs. Five grams of cinnamon bark powder were extracted in 100 mL acetone solution (CAE) (acetone: water: hydrochloric acid, 70:29.9:0.01) for 2 hours at room temperature and in 100 mL deionized water for 30 min at 90 □ (CWE). PACs were purified from CAE using LH‐20 (CAE‐PAC) to be further evaluated. PAC contents were evaluated by 4‐ Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) assay and yielded 795, 177 and 123 mg/g, for CAE‐PAC, CAE and CWE respectively. The total phenolic contents of CAE and CWE were determined to be 152 and 134 mg/g respectively. All extracts were adjusted to the same PAC content (180, 90, 45 and 20 μg) and the inhibitory activity against rat α‐glucosidase was determined. The CAE‐PAC fraction had very low rat α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity, CAE had the highest (IC50 3.13 mg/mL DW) followed by CWE (IC50 5.21 mg/mL DW). The specific maltase and sucrase inhibitory activities were determined and CAE (IC50 2.47 and 0.63 mg/mL DW) had higher inhibition than CWE (IC50 5.56 and 2.79 mg/mL DW). Results suggest that the observed bioactivity is not PAC dependent and that CAE has higher anti‐hyperglycemic potential than CWE via inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes.This research was supported by US Army Natick Soldier Research Engineering Center
Alpha‐lipoic acid protects against weight gain and hyperlipidemia in response to high fat feeding in obese Zucker rats
Authors: Carrier Bradley , Harding Scott V , Rideout Todd C 
Published: June 2021

Alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation has recently been shown to have anti‐obesity and lipid‐lowering properties, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Our objectives were to examine the effects of ALA supplementation on body weight, blood lipids, and hepatic lipogenic response in obese Zucker rats. Rats (n=8) were randomly assigned to either a Western Diet (WD) or a WD supplemented with 0.25% ALA. Feed intake was matched between the two groups. ALA protected (p=0.01) against diet‐induced obesity (102.5±3.1 vs. 121.5± 3.6, % change BW) and reduced (p<0.05) plasma total cholesterol (11%), non‐HDL cholesterol (25%), and total LDL particle number (46%) compared with the WD group. Plasma triglycerides (TAG) were increased (p=0.09) in response to ALA supplementation, largely due to an increase in VLDL/chylomicron particle number compared with the WD group. Hepatic TAG (mmol/g tissue) was reduced (p<0.05) by 46% in the ALA group compared with the WD animals. ALA supplementation reduced the mRNA expression of hepatic acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (2.4 fold, p=0.03) and fatty acid synthase (5.4 fold, p=0.02) compared with the WD group. FAS protein abundance was also decreased (43%) in the ALA group compared with the WD group. These data suggest that ALA supplementation protects against diet‐induced weight gain and dyslipidemia by modulating hepatic lipogenesis.Grant Funding Source: UB start up funds
DIFFERENT POLYPHENOLS HAVE DIFFERENT AFFINITIES FOR C‐TERMINAL SUBUNITS OF MALTASE‐GLUCOAMYLASE AND SUCRASEISOMALTASE FOR THE MODULATION OF GLUCOSE RELEASE
Authors: Simsek Meric , Quezada‐Calvillo Roberto , Nichols Buford L. , Hamaker Bruce R. 
Published: June 2021

Some polyphenolic compounds inhibit the intestinal alpha‐glucosidases. However, it is not clear how those compounds affect the enzyme activity of the individual C or N terminals subunits of maltase‐glucoamylase (Mgam) and sucrase‐isomaltase (Si).ObjectiveTo modulate the enzymatic activity of the most active C terminal‐Mgam (Ct‐Mgam) and C terminal Si (Ct‐Si) by selected polyphenols in order to control the glucose release from the starch digestion.MethodsMaltase activities of recombinant Ct‐Mgam and Ct‐Si subunits were measured by Tris Glucose‐ Oxidase (TGO) method. The reactions were stopped by TGO and the optical density was measured at 450 nm.ResultsMaltase activity of both enzymes was inhibited. IC50 values were 0.58 and 0.571 mM for caffeic acid, 0.039 and 0.014 mM chlorogenic acid, 0.139 and 0.213 mM for (+)‐catechin hydrate, 0.383 and 0.177 mM for gallic acid, 0.041 and 0.014 mM for (−) epigallocatechin gallate for Ct‐Si and Ct‐Mgam, respectively.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the potencies of inhibition of each polyphenol differ against each Ct‐Mgam and Ct‐Si subunits. This opens the possibility for the use of polyphenols as subunit‐specific inhibitors.
Carotenoids and Health
Authors: Jamieson Herbert Morehouse 
Published: June 2021

Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments found in plants, fungi, algae and bacteria. Carotenoids protect plants from sun damage. Hundreds of plant carotenoids have been identified, of which around 50 are present in edible vegetables and fruits. Astaxanthin,Beta‐carotene,Crocetin, Lycopene,Lutein, Zeaxanthin are the most important carotenoids that have beneficial effects on human health.The consumption of Carotenoids has been associated with reduced risks of cancers, cataract and age related macular degeneration. The primary benefit of carotenoids lies in their antioxidant potential. Antioxidants are compounds that protect the body's cells from damage by unstable oxygen molecules called free radicals. Carotenoids guard against certain types of cancer, apparently by limiting the abnormal growth of cells. For instance, lycopene appears to inhibit prostate cancer formation. Researchers at Harvard University found that men who ate 10 or more servings a week of tomato‐based foods – tomatoes being the richest dietary source of lycopene – cut their risk of prostate cancer by nearly 45 per cent. In addition, carotenoids fight heart disease by blocking the formation of LDL (‘bad’ cholesterol) which leads to heart attacks. The carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin both reduce the risk of macular degeneration (MD). This article analyzes the health benefits of Carotenoids on human health.
Bioavailability of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) from Fe and Zn biofortified pearl millet
Authors: Hambidge K Michael , Bellad Roopa M. , Mahantshetti Niranjana S. , Kodkany Bhalchandra S. , Boy Erick , Westcott Jamie E. , Rai Kedar N. , Cherian Binu , Miller Leland V. , Krebs Nancy F. 
Published: June 2021

Millet is a major food staple in Northwestern India and the Sahel in Africa. This grain's drought resistance is resulting in progressively greater use. The purpose of this study was to determine the absorption of iron and zinc from pearl millet biofortified with two micronutrients that are typically deficient in non‐fortified plantbased diets globally.The study was undertaken in 40 children aged 2 y in Karnataka, India (n = 21 test/19 controls). Three test meals providing approximately 84 ± 17 g dry pearl millet flour were fed on a single day for zinc and 2 days for iron between 9 am and 4 pm. Quantities of zinc and iron absorbed were measured with established stable isotope extrinsic labeling techniques and analyses of duplicate diets.The mean (±SD) quantities of iron absorbed from test and control groups were 0.54 ± 0.39 mg/d and 0.18 ± 0.13 mg/d respectively (P = 0.001). The quantities of zinc absorbed were 0.95 ± 0.47 mg/d and 0.67 ± 0.24 mg/d respectively (P = 0.03). These data did not include absorption of the modest quantities of iron and zinc contained in snacks eaten before and after the three test meals.In conclusion, quantities of both iron and zinc absorbed when iron and zinc biofortified pearl millet is fed to children aged two y as the major food staple is more than adequate to meet the physiological requirements for these micronutrients.Supported by HarvestPlus 8057 and IAEA.
Effect of early life Ca and P restriction on renal transporters gene expression in post weaning piglets
Authors: Graugnard Daniel E , Spry Malinda L , Samuel Ryan S , Jolliff James S , Mahan Donald C , Brennan Kristen M 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ca and P restriction during the post‐weaning period in pigs. Piglets (n=5/treatment) were assigned to one of 4 treatments: Control (100% NRC requirements), or 7‐d, 14‐d or 21‐d postweaning Ca and P restriction (33% of NRC requirements). After restriction periods, piglets were fed 100% of NRC requirements. Performance was measured until d 35, at which time kidney gene expression of renal transporters was measured using qPCR relative to the control group. Performance did not differ between treatments. However, during d 21–35 the gain‐to‐feed ratio was greater (P < 0.05) in piglets restricted for 21 d (0.692 G:F) or 14 d (0.672 G:F) compared with 7 d (0.583 G:F). Relative mRNA level of the solute carrier family 34 member 1(SLC34A1) was up‐regulated (P < 0.05) in piglets restricted for 21 d (1.16‐fold) or 14 d (1.18‐fold), consistent with improved gain‐to‐feed ratio and indicating improved active phosphate transport into cells. The solute carrier family 8 member 1 (SLC8A1) was down‐regulated (P < 0.05) in piglets restricted for 7 d (−1.78‐fold), demonstrating a long‐term effect of early life nutrition on Ca metabolism. No differences were observed in ATP2B1, SLC22A and SLC34A2 mRNA levels. These results suggest performance and renal capacity benefits in response to 14 to 21 d post‐weaning Ca and P restriction.Grant Funding Source: Alltech, Inc.
Urinary ATP and bacteria in shed urothelial cells as a superior diagnostic marker for urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Kelley Stephen Patrick , Birch Rebecca , Scott‐Ward Toby S , Peppiatt‐Wildman Claire. M , Farmer Chris , Delaney Michael , Wildman Scott S.P 
Published: June 2021

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause complications for renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and may result in graft loss. Routine urinalysis to detect UTIs is insensitive/inaccurate in RTRs. UTI detection methods with greater accuracy are needed. A ≥50 nmol/l urinary ATP concentration indicates UTI and ATP measurement may be a superior diagnostic test (1). We investigated various urinalysis tests in 53 RTRs. ATP concentrations and intracellular bacteria (IB) in shed urothelial cells were compared to bacterial culture results. 22% of RTRs tested UTI positive by bacterial culture. IB were identified in 44% or RTRs, but only 2% IB positive were also UTI positive by bacterial culture. There was a significant association of the conventional bacterial culture with both urinary ATP concentration and evidence of IB (Fisher's exact test, p<0.05). 6% of RTRs had ATP concentrations ≥50 nmol/l. Those positive were also bacteria positive. 77% patients with ATP concentrations <50 nmol/l were negative by bacteria culture. Diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) indicated that ATP was a much stronger UTI indicator (DOR = 30.580) compared to IB (0.079). However combined urinary ATP concentration and evidence of IB was an even stronger diagnostic indicator of UTI (DOR = 105). Low urinary ATP concentration combined with absence of IB in shed urothelial may provide as superior diagnostic test for absence of UTI in RTRs.Funding: St Peter's Trust (UK).