bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning for Predicting the Bz Magnetic Field Component From Upstream in Situ Observations of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Reiss M. A. , Möstl C. , Bailey R. L. , Rüdisser H. T. , Amerstorfer U. V. , Amerstorfer T. , Weiss A. J. , Hinterreiter J. , Windisch A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPredicting the Bz magnetic field embedded within interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), also known as the Bz problem, is a key challenge in space weather forecasting. We study the hypothesis that upstream in situ measurements of the sheath region and the first few hours of the magnetic obstacle provide sufficient information for predicting the downstream Bz component. To do so, we develop a predictive tool based on machine learning that is trained and tested on 348 ICMEs from Wind, STEREO‐A, and STEREO‐B measurements. We train the machine learning models to predict the minimum value of the Bz component and the maximum value of the total magnetic field Bt in the magnetic obstacle. To validate the tool, we let the ICMEs sweep over the spacecraft and assess how continually feeding in situ measurements into the tool improves the Bz prediction. We specifically find that the predictive tool can predict the minimum value of the Bz component in the magnetic obstacle with a mean absolute error of 3.12 nT and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71 when the sheath region and the first 4 hr of the magnetic obstacle are observed. While the underlying hypothesis is unlikely to solve the Bz problem, the tool shows promise for ICMEs that have a recognizable magnetic flux rope signature. Transitioning the tool to operations could lead to improved space weather forecasting.
The Role of Temperature in the Along‐Margin Distribution of Volcanism and Seismicity in Subduction Zones: Insights From 3‐D Thermomechanical Modeling of the Central Andean Margin
Authors: Araya Vargas J. , Sanhueza J. , Yáñez G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe distribution of volcanic and seismogenic zones is segmented along the trench‐parallel direction in the Central Andes, and factors controlling their clustering are not fully understood. Here we present a 3‐D thermomechanical model of the subduction zone at 18°–26°S to examine the role that temperature and mantle flow play in the distribution of active volcanoes and seismicity. We applied a steady state approach in which solid‐state flow is driven by a kinematically prescribed slab with realistic geometry (including changes along the Bolivian Orocline) and using a 3‐D model of the continental crust thickness. The obtained temperature distribution is consistent with proxies for isotherms derived from independent geophysical data, except below the Eastern Cordillera at 21°–23°S. The computed mantle flow pattern reveals the presence of along‐margin dynamic pressure gradients. This 3‐D preferential flow results in mantle temperatures of 1200–1400°C at 80–100 km depth below the arc, with comparatively higher temperatures at ∼22°–25°S. The obtained along‐margin variations in temperature and in estimated melt velocity suggest that the subarc mantle south of 22°S exhibits more favorable conditions for generation and upward migration of partial melts. This segment coincides with the higher concentration of active arc volcanoes and the presence of the Altiplano‐Puna Volcanic Complex in the backarc. Intermediate‐depth seismicity concentrates roughly below where the slab top is at 400–800°C, suggesting that temperature exerts some control on the first‐order distribution of intraslab seismicity. However, most intraslab seismicity occur at pressure‐temperature conditions which are outside of the stability field expected for key dehydration reactions in slabs.
Expectancy effects on serotonin and dopamine transporters during SSRI treatment of social anxiety disorder: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hjorth Olof R. , Frick Andreas , Gingnell Malin , Hoppe Johanna M. , Faria Vanda , Hultberg Sara , Alaie Iman , Månsson Kristoffer N. T. , Rosén Jörgen , Reis Margareta , Wahlstedt Kurt , Jonasson My , Lubberink Mark , Antoni Gunnar , Fredrikson Mats , Furmark Tomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt has been extensively debated whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are more efficacious than placebo in affective disorders, and it is not fully understood how SSRIs exert their beneficial effects. Along with serotonin transporter blockade, altered dopamine signaling and psychological factors may contribute. In this randomized clinical trial of participants with social anxiety disorder (SAD) we investigated how manipulation of verbally-induced expectancies, vital for placebo response, affect brain monoamine transporters and symptom improvement during SSRI treatment. Twenty-seven participants with SAD (17 men, 10 women), were randomized, to 9 weeks of overt or covert treatment with escitalopram 20 mg. The overt group received correct treatment information whereas the covert group was treated deceptively with escitalopram, described as an active placebo in a cover story. Before and after treatment, patients underwent positron emission tomography (PET) assessments with the [11C]DASB and [11C]PE2I radiotracers, probing brain serotonin (SERT) and dopamine (DAT) transporters. SAD symptoms were measured by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Overt was superior to covert SSRI treatment, resulting in almost a fourfold higher rate of responders. PET results showed that SERT occupancy after treatment was unrelated to anxiety reduction and equally high in both groups. In contrast, DAT binding decreased in the right putamen, pallidum, and the left thalamus with overt SSRI treatment, and increased with covert treatment, resulting in significant group differences. DAT binding potential changes in these regions correlated negatively with symptom improvement. Findings support that the anxiolytic effects of SSRIs involve psychological factors contingent on dopaminergic neurotransmission while serotonin transporter blockade alone is insufficient for clinical response.
Fuzzy species borders of glacial survivalists in the Carpathian biodiversity hotspot revealed using a multimarker approach
Authors: Mamos Tomasz , Jażdżewski Krzysztof , Čiamporová-Zaťovičová Zuzana , Čiampor Fedor , Grabowski Michał 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Carpathians are one of the key biodiversity hotspots in Europe. The mountain chain uplifted during Alpine orogenesis and is characterised by a complex geological history. Its current biodiversity was highly influenced by Pleistocene glaciations. The goal of the current study was to examine the phylogenetic and demographic history ofGammarus balcanicusspecies complex in the Carpathians using multiple markers as well as to delimit, using an integrative approach, and describe new species hidden so far under the nameG. balcanicus. Results showed that divergence of the studied lineages reaches back to the Miocene, which supports the hypothesis of their survival in multiple micro refugia. Moreover, the increase of their diversification rate in the Pleistocene suggests that glaciation was the driving force of their speciation. The climatic changes during and after the Pleistocene also played a major role in the demography of the local Carpathian lineages. Comparison of diversity patterns and phylogenetic relationships of both, the mitochondrial and nuclear markers, provide evidence of putative hybridisation and retention of ancient polymorphism (i.e., incomplete lineage sorting). The morphological examination supported the existence of two morphological types; one we describe as aG. stasiukisp. nov. and another we redescribe as aG. tatrensis(S. Karaman, 1931).
Individual’s daily behaviour and intergenerational mixing in different social contexts of Kenya
Authors: Del Fava Emanuele , Adema Irene , Kiti Moses C. , Poletti Piero , Merler Stefano , Nokes D. James , Manfredi Piero , Melegaro Alessia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigated contact patterns in diverse social contexts in Kenya and the daily behaviours that may play a pivotal role in infection transmission to the most vulnerable leveraging novel data from a 2-day survey on social contacts and time use (TU) from a sample of 1407 individuals (for a total of 2705 person days) from rural, urban formal, and informal settings. We used TU data to build six profiles of daily behaviour based on the main reported activities, i.e., Homestayers (71.1% of person days), Workers (9.3%), Schoolers (7.8%), or locations at increasing distance from home, i.e., Walkers (6.6%), Commuters (4.6%), Travelers (0.6%). In the rural setting, we observed higher daily contact numbers (11.56, SD 0.23) and percentages of intergenerational mixing with older adults (7.5% of contacts reported by those younger than 60 years vs. less than 4% in the urban settings). Overall, intergenerational mixing with older adults was higher for Walkers (7.3% of their reported contacts), Commuters (8.7%), and Homestayers (5.1%) than for Workers (1.5%) or Schoolers (3.6%). These results could be instrumental in defining effective interventions that acknowledge the heterogeneity in social contexts and daily routines, either in Kenya or other demographically and culturally similar sub-Saharan African settings.
Visualization and quantification of the degenerative pattern of the distal tibia and fibula in unilateral varus ankle osteoarthritis
Authors: Seki Hiroyuki , Ogihara Naomichi , Kokubo Tetsuro , Nagura Takeo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to quantify and visualize the degenerative patterns of the distal tibia and fibula due to ankle osteoarthritis (OA). We analyzed differences in tibial and fibular surface deviation between sides of patients with unilateral varus ankle OA (medial talar tilt > 4°) by registering each surface model to the mirror image of corresponding bone. Computed tomography images of both feet of 33 patients (OA: 22, control: 11) were examined. Statistically significant surface depression of approximately 2.5 mm on the anterior articular surface of the medial malleolus, and surface elevation of approximately 1 mm on the anterodistal edge of the tibiofibular joint and the lateral malleolus were observed in OA patients. These bone degenerations were found to be correlated with those on the other side of the ankle joint, the medial margin of the talar trochlea and the lateral articular surface of the talus, respectively. In contrast, the amount of bone depression on the plafond was smaller than previously anticipated. Such quantitative information about stereotypical patterns of bone degeneration in ankle OA would contribute to better understanding of the development of ankle OA and possible therapeutic interventions.
Targeting IFN activity to both B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells induces a robust tolerogenic response and protection against EAE
Authors: Cauwels Anje , Van Lint Sandra , Rogge Elke , Verhee Annick , Van Den Eeckhout Bram , Pang Shengru , Prinz Marco , Kley Niko , Uzé Gilles , Tavernier Jan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractType I Interferon (IFN) was the very first drug approved for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and is still frequently used as a first line therapy. However, systemic IFN also causes considerable side effects, affecting therapy adherence and dose escalation. In addition, the mechanism of action of IFN in MS is multifactorial and still not completely understood. Using AcTaferons (Activity-on-Target IFNs, AFNs), optimized IFN-based immunocytokines that allow cell-specific targeting, we have previously demonstrated that specific targeting of IFN activity to dendritic cells (DCs) can protect against experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), inducing in vivo tolerogenic protective effects, evidenced by increased indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) release by plasmacytoid (p) DCs and improved immunosuppressive capacity of regulatory T and B cells. We here report that targeting type I IFN activity specifically towards B cells also provides strong protection against EAE, and that targeting pDCs using SiglecH-AFN can significantly add to this protective effect. The superior protection achieved by simultaneous targeting of both B lymphocytes and pDCs correlated with improved IL-10 responses in B cells and conventional cDCs, and with a previously unseen very robust IDO response in several cells, including all B and T lymphocytes, cDC1 and cDC2.
Dichotic listening performance and interhemispheric integration after administration of hydrocortisone
Authors: Berretz Gesa , Packheiser Julian , Höffken Oliver , Wolf Oliver T. , Ocklenburg Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChronic stress has been shown to have long-term effects on functional hemispheric asymmetries in both humans and non-human species. The short-term effects of acute stress exposure on functional hemispheric asymmetries are less well investigated. It has been suggested that acute stress can affect functional hemispheric asymmetries by modulating inhibitory function of the corpus callosum, the white matter pathway that connects the two hemispheres. On the molecular level, this modulation may be caused by a stress-related increase in cortisol, a major stress hormone. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to investigate the acute effects of cortisol on functional hemispheric asymmetries. Overall, 60 participants were tested after administration of 20 mg hydrocortisone or a placebo tablet in a cross-over design. Both times, a verbal and an emotional dichotic listening task to assess language and emotional lateralization, as well as a Banich–Belger task to assess interhemispheric integration were applied. Lateralization quotients were determined for both reaction times and correctly identified syllables in both dichotic listening tasks. In the Banich–Belger task, across-field advantages were determined to quantify interhemispheric integration. While we could replicate previously reported findings for these tasks in the placebo session, we could not detect any differences in asymmetry between hydrocortisone and placebo treatment. This partially corroborates the results of a previous study we performed using social stress to induce cortisol increases. This suggests that an increase in cortisol does not influence dichotic listening performance on a behavioral level. As other studies reported an effect of stress hormones on functional hemispheric asymmetries on a neuro-functional level, future research using neuronal imaging methods would be helpful in the characterization of the relation of hemispheric asymmetries and stress hormones.
The chemotherapeutic drug carboplatin affects macrophage responses to LPS and LPS tolerance via epigenetic modifications
Authors: Boonmee Atsadang , Benjaskulluecha Salisa , Kueanjinda Patipark , Wongprom Benjawan , Pattarakankul Thitiporn , Palaga Tanapat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFollowing re-exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), macrophages exhibit an immunosuppressive state known as LPS tolerance, which is characterized by repressed proinflammatory cytokine production. LPS-induced tolerance in macrophages is mediated in part by epigenetic changes. Carboplatin, an anticancer chemotherapeutic drug, exerts its effect by inhibiting DNA replication and transcription, as well as through epigenetic modifications. Through an unbiased screen, we found that carboplatin rescued TNF-α and IL-6 production in LPS-tolerant macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis and gene set enrichment analyses revealed that p53 was one of the most significantly upregulated hallmarks in both LPS-primed and LPS-tolerant macrophages in the presence of carboplatin, while E2F and G2/M were the most negatively regulated hallmarks. Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1-α), which is associated with gene silencing, was significantly reduced in carboplatin-treated LPS-tolerant macrophages at the mRNA and protein levels. Dynamic changes in the mRNA level of genes encoding H3K9me3 methyltransferases, setdb2, kdm4d, and suv39h1 were induced in the presence of carboplatin in LPS-tolerant macrophages. Taken together, we provide evidence that carboplatin treatment interferes with proinflammatory cytokine production during the acute LPS response and LPS tolerance in macrophages, possibly via H3K9me3 modification.
A priori prediction of local failure in brain metastasis after hypo-fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using quantitative MRI and machine learning
Authors: Jaberipour Majid , Soliman Hany , Sahgal Arjun , Sadeghi-Naini Ali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effectiveness of pre-treatment quantitative MRI and clinical features along with machine learning techniques to predict local failure in patients with brain metastasis treated with hypo-fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT). The predictive models were developed using the data from 100 patients (141 lesions) and evaluated on an independent test set with data from 20 patients (30 lesions). Quantitative MRI radiomic features were derived from the treatment-planning contrast-enhanced T1w and T2-FLAIR images. A multi-phase feature reduction and selection procedure was applied to construct an optimal quantitative MRI biomarker for predicting therapy outcome. The performance of standard clinical features in therapy outcome prediction was evaluated using a similar procedure. Survival analyses were conducted to compare the long-term outcome of the two patient cohorts (local control/failure) identified based on prediction at pre-treatment, and standard clinical criteria at last patient follow-up after SRT. The developed quantitative MRI biomarker consists of four features with two features quantifying heterogeneity in the edema region, one feature characterizing intra-tumour heterogeneity, and one feature describing tumour morphology. The predictive models with the radiomic and clinical feature sets yielded an AUC of 0.87 and 0.62, respectively on the independent test set. Incorporating radiomic features into the clinical predictive model improved the AUC of the model by up to 16%, relatively. A statistically significant difference was observed in survival of the two patient cohorts identified at pre-treatment using the radiomics-based predictive model, and at post-treatment using the the RANO-BM criteria. Results of this study revealed a good potential for quantitative MRI radiomic features at pre-treatment in predicting local failure in relatively large brain metastases undergoing SRT, and is a step forward towards a precision oncology paradigm for brain metastasis.
Urine caffeine metabolites and hearing threshold shifts in US adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Long Lili , Tang Yuedi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have reported the relationship between effect of caffeine and many diseases. However, studies to evaluate the association between caffeine and hearing loss are contradictory. To examine the relationship of urinary caffeine metabolites with the hearing threshold in US adults, a total of 849 adults aged 20–69 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011–2012) were enrolled in this study. Urinary caffeine and its 14 metabolites were applied as biomarkers to assess caffeine exposure. Hearing loss was defined as mean pure tone averages > 25 dB HL at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz in both ears (low frequency); and 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz in both ears (high frequency). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of urinary caffeine metabolites with low- and high-frequency hearing thresholds, respectively. Low-frequency hearing loss were 5.08% and 6.10% in male and female participants, respectively; and high-frequency hearing loss were 31.81% and 15.14% in male and female participants, respectively. In the unadjusted model, the P value for trend shows that urinary caffeine metabolites 137X and AAMU were significantly associated with low-frequency PTA, and that 17X, 137X, AAMU were significantly associated with high-frequency PTA, but when the model was adjusted for sex, age, education level, firearm noise exposure, occupational noise exposure, recreational noise exposure, serum cotinine, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, these were no longer statistically significant. In conclusion, urinary caffeine metabolites were not associated with the hearing threshold shifts in US adults.
Clinical potential of pupillary light reflex parameters as objective indicators reflecting chronic rhinosinusitis-specific quality of life: a 12-month prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Hatsukawa Hiroatsu , Ishikawa Masaaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPupillary light reflex (PLR) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters can be objective indicators of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) status from the viewpoint of autonomic nervous system activity. This study aimed to establish objective indicators for CRS using the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and PLR/HRV parameters. Sixty-seven patients were prospectively and longitudinally followed up after surgical treatment. We investigated changes in SNOT-22 scores, representing CRS-specific quality of life (QOL). We prepared two models: linear regression model adjusting clinical factors as predictor variables (model 1) and linear mixed-effects model adjusting clinical factors and among-individual variability (model 2). We compared Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) values and regression coefficients. The model with lower AIC values was defined as the better-fit model. Model 2 showed lower AIC values in all parameters (better-fit model). Three parameters showed opposite results between the two models. The better-fit models showed significances in the five PLR parameters but not in any HRV parameters. Among these PLR parameters, constriction latency can be the most robust indicator because of the narrowest 95% confidence intervals. Adjusting the among-individual variability while investigating clinical potential of PLR/HRV parameters to reflect CRS-specific QOL can improve the model fit, thereby reaching robust conclusions from obtained data.
Time course for urethral neuromuscular reestablishment and its facilitated recovery by transcutaneous neuromodulation after simulated birth trauma in rats
Authors: Palacios José L. , Juárez Ricardo , Mirto-Aguilar Nancy , Munoz Alvaro , Damaser Margot S. , Cruz Yolanda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aims of the study were to determine the time-course of urinary incontinence recovery after vaginal distension (VD), elucidate the mechanisms of injury from VD leading to external urethral sphincter (EUS) dysfunction, and assess if transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris facilitates recovery of urinary continence after VD. Rats underwent 4-h VD, 4-h sham VD (SH-VD), VD plus 1-h DNC TENS, and VD plus 1-h sham TENS (SH-TENS). TENS or SH-TENS were applied immediately and at days 2 and 4 post-VD. Micturition behavior, urethral histochemistry and histology, EUS and nerve electrophysiology, and cystometrograms were evaluated. VD induced urine leakage and significantly disrupted EUS fibers and nerve-conduction (VD vs SH-VD group;p < 0.01). Urine leakage disappeared 13 days post-VD (p < 0.001). Structural and functional recovery of EUS neuromuscular circuitry started by day 6 post-VD, but did not fully recover by day 11 post-VD (p > 0.05). TENS significantly decreased the frequency of urine leakage post-VD (days 5–7;p < 0.01). We conclude that rat urinary continence after VD requires 2 weeks to recover, although urethra structure is not fully recovered. TENS facilitated urinary continence recovery after VD. Additional studies are necessary to assess if TENS could be used in postpartum women.