bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effects of micro-RNAs in preclinical studies of acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zankar Sarah , Trentin-Sonoda Mayra , Viñas Jose L. , Rodriguez Rosendo A. , Bailey Adrian , Allan David , Burns Kevin D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAKI has a high mortality rate, may lead to chronic kidney disease, and effective therapies are lacking. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) regulate biologic processes by potently inhibiting protein expression, and pre-clinical studies have explored their roles in AKI. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of miRNAs as therapeutics in pre-clinical AKI. Study screening, data extraction, and quality assessments were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Seventy studies involving 42 miRNA species were included in the analysis. All studies demonstrated significant effects of the miRNA intervention on kidney function and/or histology, with most implicating apoptosis and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) signaling. Fourteen studies (20.0%) examined the effect of miRNA-21 in AKI, and meta-analysis demonstrated significant increases in serum creatinine and kidney injury scores with miR-21 antagonism and pre-conditioning. No studies reported on adverse effects of miRNA therapy. Limitations also included lack of model diversity (100% rodents, 61.4% ischemia–reperfusion injury), and predominance of male sex (78.6%). Most studies had an unclear risk of bias, and the majority of miRNA-21 studies were conducted by a single team of investigators. In summary, several miRNAs target kidney function and apoptosis in pre-clinical AKI models, with data suggesting that miRNA-21 may mediate protection and kidney repair.Systematic review registration ID: CRD42019128854.
Targeted transcriptome analysis using synthetic long read sequencing uncovers isoform reprograming in the progression of colon cancer
Authors: Liu Silvia , Wu Indira , Yu Yan-Ping , Balamotis Michael , Ren Baoguo , Ben Yehezkel Tuval , Luo Jian-Hua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe characterization of human gene expression is limited by short read lengths, high error rates and large input requirements. Here, we used a synthetic long read (SLR) sequencing approach, LoopSeq, to generate accurate sequencing reads that span full length transcripts using standard short read data. LoopSeq identified isoforms from control samples with 99.4% accuracy and a 0.01% per-base error rate, exceeding the accuracy reported for other long-read technologies. Applied to targeted transcriptome sequencing from colon cancers and their metastatic counterparts, LoopSeq revealed large scale isoform redistributions from benign colon mucosa to primary colon cancer and metastatic cancer and identified several previously unknown fusion isoforms. Strikingly, single nucleotide variants (SNVs) occurred dominantly in specific isoforms and some SNVs underwent isoform switching in cancer progression. The ability to use short reads to generate accurate long-read data as the raw unit of information holds promise as a widely accessible approach in transcriptome sequencing.
Neutron reflectometry and NMR spectroscopy of full-length Bcl-2 protein reveal its membrane localization and conformation
Authors: Mushtaq Ameeq Ul , Ådén Jörgen , Clifton Luke A. , Wacklin-Knecht Hanna , Campana Mario , Dingeldein Artur P. G. , Persson Cecilia , Sparrman Tobias , Gröbner Gerhard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractB-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins are the main regulators of mitochondrial apoptosis. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins possess a hydrophobic tail-anchor enabling them to translocate to their target membrane and to shift into an active conformation where they inhibit pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins to ensure cell survival. To address the unknown molecular basis of their cell-protecting functionality, we used intact human Bcl-2 protein natively residing at the mitochondrial outer membrane and applied neutron reflectometry and NMR spectroscopy. Here we show that the active full-length protein is entirely buried into its target membrane except for the regulatory flexible loop domain (FLD), which stretches into the aqueous exterior. The membrane location of Bcl-2 and its conformational state seems to be important for its cell-protecting activity, often infamously upregulated in cancers. Most likely, this situation enables the Bcl-2 protein to sequester pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins at the membrane level while sensing cytosolic regulative signals via its FLD region.
Human placental villous stromal extracellular matrix regulates fetoplacental angiogenesis in severe fetal growth restriction
Authors: Ji Shuhan , Gumina Diane , McPeak Kathryn , Moldovan Radu , Post Miriam D. , Su Emily J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pregnancies complicated by severe, early-onset fetal growth restriction with abnormal Doppler velocimetry (FGRadv) have a sparse villous vascular tree secondary to impaired angiogenesis. As endothelial cell (EC) and stromal matrix interactions are key regulators of angiogenesis, we investigated the role of placental stromal villous matrix on fetoplacental EC angiogenesis. We have developed a novel model of generating placental fibroblast (FB) cell-derived matrices (CDMs), allowing us to interrogate placenta-specific human EC and stromal matrix interactions and their effects on fetoplacental angiogenesis. We found that as compared with control ECs plated on control matrix, FGRadv ECs plated on FGRadv matrix exhibited severe migrational defects, as measured by velocity, directionality, accumulated distance, and Euclidean distance in conjunction with less proliferation. However, control ECs, when interacting with FGRadv CDM, also demonstrated significant impairment in proliferation and migratory properties. Conversely several angiogenic attributes were rescued in FGRadv ECs subjected to control matrix, demonstrating the importance of placental villous stromal matrix and EC-stromal matrix interactions in regulation of fetoplacental angiogenesis.
SN 2020bqj: A Type Ibn supernova with a long-lasting peak plateau
Authors: Kool E. C. , Karamehmetoglu E. , Sollerman J. , Schulze S. , Lunnan R. , Reynolds T. M. , Barbarino C. , Bellm E. C. , De K. , Duev D. A. , Fremling C. , Golkhou V. Z. , Graham M. L. , Green D. A. , Horesh A. , Kaye S. , Kim Y.-L. , Laher R. R. , Masci F. J. , Nordin J. , Perley D. A. , Phinney E. S. , Porter M. , Reiley D. , Rodriguez H. , van Roestel J. , Rusholme B. , Sharma Y. , Sfaradi I. , Soumagnac M. T. , Taggart K. , Tartaglia L. , Williams D. R. A. , Yan L. 
Published: April 2021

Context. Type Ibn supernovae (SNe Ibn) are a rare class of stripped envelope supernovae interacting with a helium-rich circumstellar medium (CSM). The majority of the SNe Ibn reported in the literature display a surprising homogeneity in their fast-evolving lightcurves and are typically found in actively starforming spiral galaxies.
Aims. We present the discovery and the study of SN 2020bqj (ZTF20aalrqbu), a SN Ibn with a long-duration peak plateau lasting 40 days and hosted by a faint low-mass galaxy. We aim to explain its peculiar properties using an extensive photometric and spectroscopic data set.
Methods. We compare the photometric and spectral evolution of SN 2020bqj with regular SNe Ibn from the literature, as well as with other outliers in the SN Ibn subclass. We fit the bolometric and multi-band lightcurves with powering mechanism models such as radioactive decay and CSM interaction. We also model the host galaxy of SN 2020bqj.
Results. The risetime, peak magnitude and spectral features of SN 2020bqj are consistent with those of most SNe Ibn, but the SN is a clear outlier in the subclass based on its bright, long-lasting peak plateau and the low mass of its faint host galaxy. We show through modeling that the lightcurve of SN 2020bqj can be powered predominantly by shock heating from the interaction of the SN ejecta and a dense CSM, combined with radioactive decay. The peculiar Type Ibn SN 2011hw is a close analog to SN 2020bqj in terms of lightcurve and spectral evolution, suggesting a similar progenitor and CSM scenario. In this scenario a very massive progenitor star in the transitional phase between a luminous blue variable and a compact Wolf-Rayet star undergoes core-collapse, embedded in a dense helium-rich CSM with an elevated opacity compared to normal SNe Ibn, due to the presence of residual hydrogen. This scenario is consistent with the observed properties of SN 2020bqj and the modeling results.
Conclusions. SN 2020bqj is a compelling example of a transitional SN Ibn/IIn based on not only its spectral features, but also its lightcurve, host galaxy properties and the inferred progenitor properties. The strong similarity with SN 2011hw suggests this subclass may be the result of a progenitor in a stellar evolution phase that is distinct from those of progenitors of regular SNe Ibn.
Evolution of anisotropic turbulence in the fast and slow solar wind: Theory and Solar Orbiter measurements
Authors: Adhikari L. , Zank G. P. , Zhao L.-L. , Telloni D. , Horbury T. S. , O’Brien H. , Evans V. , Angelini V. , Owen C. J. , Louarn P. , Fedorov A. 
Published: April 2021

Aims.Solar Orbiter (SolO) was launched on February 9, 2020, allowing us to study the nature of turbulence in the inner heliopshere. We investigate the evolution of anisotropic turbulence in the fast and slow solar wind in the inner heliosphere using the nearly incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (NI MHD) turbulence model and SolO measurements.Methods.We calculated the two dimensional (2D) and the slab variances of the energy in forward and backward propagating modes, the fluctuating magnetic energy, the fluctuating kinetic energy, the normalized residual energy, and the normalized cross-helicity as a function of the angle between the mean solar wind speed and the mean magnetic field (θUB), and as a function of the heliocentric distance using SolO measurements. We compared the observed results and the theoretical results of the NI MHD turbulence model as a function of the heliocentric distance.Results.The results show that the ratio of 2D energy and slab energy of forward and backward propagating modes, magnetic field fluctuations, and kinetic energy fluctuations increases as the angle between the mean solar wind flow and the mean magnetic field increases fromθUB = 0° to approximatelyθUB = 90° and then decreases asθUB → 180°. We find that solar wind turbulence is a superposition of the dominant 2D component and a minority slab component as a function of the heliocentric distance. We find excellent agreement between the theoretical results and observed results as a function of the heliocentric distance.
Brustkrebsfrüherkennung bei Frauen mit erhöhten Erkrankungsrisiken
Authors: Püsken Michael , Rhiem Kerstin , Fallenberg Eva M. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungFür Patientinnen und gesunde Ratsuchende mit einem erhöhten Erkrankungsrisiko für Brustkrebs besteht ein langjährig etabliertes Programm zur intensivierten Früherkennung und Nachsorge in den spezialisierten Zentren des Deutschen Konsortiums Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs (https://www.konsortium-familiaerer-brustkrebs.de/). Dabei kommt der MR-Mammografie aufgrund der sehr hohen Sensitivität beim Tumornachweis eine besondere Bedeutung zu.
Behçet’s Syndrome Complicated with Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis: Response to Tocilizumab Treatment
Authors: Eroglu Didem Sahin , Colaklar Anil , Ceran Alparslan , Sezer Serdar , Torgutalp Murat , Kinikli Gulay 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Beteiligung der Lungenarterie ist eine seltene, aber tödliche Komplikation des Morbus Behçets (MB). Hier berichten wir über einen männlichen MB-Patienten mit zwei vaskulären Komplikationen, nämlich dem Budd-Chiari-Syndrom und der Pulmonalarterienthrombose. Der Patient litt unter einer rezidivierenden Lungenarterienthrombose, die gegen mehrere immunsuppressive Medikamente, einschließlich hochdosierter Glukokortikoide und dem Anti-TNF-Mittel Infliximab, refraktär war. Infolge mehrerer Rezidive wurde er effektiv mit Tocilizumab behandelt, wodurch auch eine vollständige Rekanalisation der thrombosierten Arterien erreicht wurde.
Implementierung eines globalen Behandlungsbudgets in der Psychiatrie – Welche Anreize, Voraussetzungen und Herausforderungen gibt es?
Authors: Schwarz Julian , Schmid Christine , Neumann Anne , Pfennig Andrea , Soltmann Bettina , Heinze Martin , von Peter Sebastian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ziel Seit 2013 haben sich in Deutschland 22 psychiatrische Modellvorhaben nach § 64b SGB V (MV) gebildet, die auf Basis eines globalen Behandlungsbudgets (GBB) eine flexible und settingübergreifende Versorgung bieten. Als Teilprojekt der „PsychCare“-Studie werden die Anreize, Voraussetzungen und Herausforderungen von GBB untersucht.
Methode Es wurden Interviews und Fokusgruppen mit Mitarbeitenden (n = 29) aus Controlling und Management an 7 MV sowie 3 Krankenkassen (KK) geführt und qualitativ ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Zentral für die Einführung von GBB sind die Kooperation sowie gemeinsame Steuerungsziele zwischen Kliniken und KK. Als herausfordernd werden u. a. die settingübergreifende Leistungsdokumentation und -steuerung sowie der parallele Betrieb von Modell- und Regelversorgung erlebt.
Schlussfolgerung GBB stellen einen starken Antrieb zur organisationalen Transformation für eine zukunftsweisende psychiatrische Versorgung dar. Bei der Weiterentwicklung von GBB sollte der bislang fehlende Kontrahierungszwang für alle Krankenkassen berücksichtigt werden.
Chemical Constituents from Chloranthus elatior and Their Inhibitory Effect on Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Yang Qian , Jia An , Liu Xizi , Han Shiyi , Fan Siyang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new sesquiterpene, chlorantholide G (1), a new sesquiterpene dimer, elatiolactone (2), and 2 new diterpenes, elatiorlabdane B (3) and elatiorlabdane C (4), together with 51 known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of Chloranthus elatior. The new structures including their absolute configurations were mainly established by mass spectrometric, NMR, and electronic circular dichroism experiments. All isolated compounds were tested for their anti-hDHODH activity. (4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-enone (5) and (4S,5R,9S,10R)-8(17),12,14-labdatrien-18-oic acid (29) were the most active compounds with IC50 values of 18.7 and 30.7 µM, respectively.
Low Piperine Fractional Piper nigrum Extract Enhanced the Antitumor Immunity via Regulating the Th1/Th2/Treg Cell Subsets on NMU-Induced Tumorigenesis Rats
Authors: Saetang Jirakrit , Tedasen Aman , Sangkhathat Surasak , Sangkaew Natnaree , Dokduang Sirinapa , Prompat Napat , Taraporn Siriporn , Graidist Potchanapond 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. In addition to standard regimens, tumor suppression ability has been demonstrated in many types of natural products, including Piper nigrum, or black pepper. In previous reports, we demonstrated the antitumor effect of low piperine fractional Piper nigrum extract in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract in the aspect of antitumor immunity has not yet been investigated. In this study, tumor-bearing rats were fed with 100 mg/kg BW or 200 mg/kg BW of low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Tumor burden and hematological data were then evaluated. Immunological data was investigated using a cytokine array and flow cytometry. The results showed that both doses of low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract significantly suppressed tumor progression in N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumor rats.
There were no significant changes observed in the total white blood cells, red blood cells, and hemoglobin. Low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract suppressed some cytokine and chemokine levels including CXCL7, sICAM-1, and L-selectin 0.2- to 0.6-fold. Interestingly, 200 mg/kg BW of low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract significantly promoted type 1 T helper cell, and suppressed neutrophil, basophil, type 2 T helper cell, and regulatory T cell compared to the control group. In summary, these results indicate that low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract had a high efficacy in supporting antitumor activity at immunological levels via regulating Th1/Th2/Treg cells.
Diterpenes from Euphorbia myrsinites and Their Anti-inflammatory Property
Authors: Grauso Laura , de Falco Bruna , Lucariello Giuseppe , Capasso Raffaele , Lanzotti Virginia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Euphorbia myrsinites is one of the oldest spurges described and used in folk medicine. It is characterized by blue-grey stems similar to myrtle, and it is spread in the Mediterranean region, Asia, and the USA. Chemical analysis of E. myrsinites collected in Turkey afforded the isolation of 4 diterpenes based on the so-called myrsinane skeleton being tetraesters of the tetracyclic diterpene alcohol myrsinol. In this study, the phytochemical analysis of this species collected in Italy has been undertaken to afford the isolation of a new atisane diterpene, named myrsatisane, 3 ingenol derivatives, along with the 4 tetraester derivatives previously found. A triterpene compound based on the euphane skeleton has also been isolated. Structural elucidation of the new myrsatisane was based on spectroscopic techniques, including HR-MS and 1- and 2-dimensional NMR experiments. Its relative configuration was determined by NOE correlations, while absolute
stereochemistry was obtained by quantum-mechanical DFT studies. While diterpenes with the atisane skeleton are relatively common in Euphorbia species, this is the first report of an atisane diterpene from E. myrsinites. All the isolated terpenes were tested for anti-inflammatory activity on J774A.1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide by evaluation of nitrite and pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-1β levels. Among tested compounds, the 3 ingenol diterpenes exhibited a dose-dependent (0.001 – 3 µM) significant activity, thus showing their potential as anti-inflammatory drug candidates.
Recent Advances and the Prospect of Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry
Authors: Zhang Chi , Yang Xiao-Guang , Hu Ze-Nan , Jia Meng-Cheng , Du Feng-Huan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNowadays, hypervalent iodine chemistry has remarkably advanced in parallel with the emergence of novel hypervalent iodine reagents. Hypervalent iodine reagents, due to their outstanding characteristics including rich reactivities, excellent chemoselectivity, stability, and environmental friendliness, are becoming more and more popular in the synthetic organic chemistry. In this Account, a number of recent elegant research works and our perspective on the future of hypervalent iodine chemistry is presented.1	Introduction2	Recent Advances and Discussion2.1	Novel Reactivities of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents2.2	Atom-Economical Reactions Promoted by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents2.3	Other Applications of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents2.4	The Applications of DFT Calculations in Elucidating Reaction	Mechanism Involving Hypervalent Iodine Reagents3	Outlook and Conclusion
Heterocycle–Heterocycle Strategy for 4,5-Disubstituted Pyrrolidine 2,3-Diones: Reductive Rearrangement Approach from Isoxazole Esters
Authors: Lal Mukul , Kamath Prashantha , Jadhav Vaibhav 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe work demonstrates the heterocycle–heterocycle interconversion strategy to access 4,5-disubstituted 3-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone in moderate to good yields (50–80%). The approach has a distinct advantage over a multicomponent reaction approach as it allows access to unsubstituted 3-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone at the nitrogen position for further functionalization.
Multi-chord IR–visible two-color interferometer on KSTAR
Authors: Juhn June-Woo , Lee K. C. , Lee T. G. , Wi H. M. , Kim Y. S. , Hahn S. H. , Nam Y. U. 
Published: April 2021

Major parts of an IR–visible two-color interferometer (TCI) on KSTAR have been upgraded for the multi-chord operation: (1) a diode-pumped-solid-state (DPSS) laser (660 nm) replacing the former HeNe laser (633 nm), (2) vacuum-compatible vibration isolator with titanium retro-reflectors, and (3) full digital phase comparator for multi-chord real-time density signals. The commercial compact DPSS laser suits the multiple chord configuration with its strong beam power (500 mW) and long coherent length (&gt;100 m). Ti retro-reflectors are mounted on vacuum-compatible vibration isolators. The isolators are essential for the visible beams to avoid any fringe skips due to their short wavelength, considering the speed of the mechanical vibration (up to hundreds of μm). Field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) modules count the entire fringes fast enough with a signal output rate up to 1.25 MHz, solving the fringe skip issues. The FPGA module enables the full digital processing of the phase comparator with a CORDIC algorithm after the sampling rate of 160 MS/s for the 40 MHz intermediate frequency of each beam. The full digital signals are transferred to the main plasma control system in real-time. Stable single-input-single-output operation of the KSTAR density control was demonstrated with the TCI. The real-time density profile control is also promising in the near future, with multiple actuators such as pellets and gas puffings.
High-efficiency generation of harmonics in polythiophene
Authors: Vasenin N.T. , Ivanenko A.V. , Klement’ev V.M. , Kulik L.V. , Nevostruev D.A. , Nyushkov B.N. , Trashkeev S.I. , Khomyakov M.N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
High-efficiency harmonic generation is observed in a semiconducting polymer RR-P3HT [regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)], which exhibits a high nonlinear susceptibility [χ
(2) > 10−6 m V−1] under pumping by a pulsed fibre laser. The harmonic generation efficiency in RR-P3HT is comparable or higher than that observed for liquid crystals, which are used in reference experiments to estimate the susceptibility [the quadratic susceptibility of a nematic liquid crystal NLC 1289 is χ
(2) ≈ 2 × 10−6 m V−1]. No generation is observed in polythiophene with a random structure, RRa-P3HT [regiorandom poly(3-hexylthiophene)], at the same pump power. It is experimentally demonstrated that a necessary condition for generating the second and third harmonics in a polymer, along with a high pump power density, is the presence of a large power density gradient (exceeding 1013 W m−3). Based on a preliminary theoretical analysis, we can suggest that the quadrupole mechanism, which is a consequence of the regularity of RR-P3HT structure in the thin near-wall layer, may contribute significantly to the nonlinear radiation conversion in semiconducting polymers.
Stable Q-switched mode-locking of an in-band pumped Ho : Y2O3 ceramic laser at 2117 nm
Authors: Shen Yajie , Li Enhao , Wang Jun , Tang Dingyuan , Shen Deyuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We have demonstrated stable Q-switched mode-locked operation of an in-band pumped Ho : Y2O3 ceramic laser at 2117 nm by using an InGaAs/GaAs-based saturable absorber. An average output power of 330 mW is reached for 2.7 W of absorbed pump power with stable mode-locked pulses having a 98.9-MHz repetition rate and 100% modulation depth embedded inside Q-switched envelopes of ∼1.7-μs duration. The duration of the mode-locked pulses is estimated to be less than 1.5 ns.
Luminescent properties of a ZnO whisker array as a scintillation detector material
Authors: Tarasov A.P. , Venevtsev I.D. , Muslimov A.E. , Zadorozhnaya L.A. , Rodnyi P.A. , Kanevsky V.M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We have studied luminescent properties of a ZnO whisker array, a promising crystalline material for scintillation detectors, capable of ensuring a fast and strong response and a short afterglow time. Measurements have been performed under X-ray and UV optical excitation. We present a comparative analysis of spectral features of the near-band-edge emission of the whisker array at low (∼80 K) and room temperatures in relation to the excitation method.