bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Medical Students' Attitudes Towards Substance Use During Pregnancy
Authors: Richelle Lou , Dramaix-Wilmet Michèle , Roland Michel , Kacenelenbogen Nadine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Many stigmas exist regarding people with substance use disorder especially among pregnant women, preventing optimal accessibility and quality of care. In this survey, we investigated attitudes of medical students regarding substance use during pregnancy and identified the factors that influence these attitudes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 and 2020 in Belgium using the short version of the "Substance Abuse Attitude Survey" questionnaire. We focused on two items regarding punishment of substance use during pregnancy. We analysed the concordance between these two, their correlation with other items (e.g stereotyping, morality, forced withdrawal, low treatment optimism) and the association between respondents’ agreement on punishment and their sociodemographic data. Results: The response rate was 65.2 % (370/567 online and face-to face questionnaires). 19.2% of respondents were in favour of punishment for alcohol use (n=353) and 15.1% for drug use (n=356) during pregnancy. The agreement analysis between the two items showed that14.3% of students were in favour of punishing both pregnant women who use drugs and those using alcohol. Respondents tended to be more in favour of punishment if they were male students, older, if they had a lower mother's education level or had no personal or family history of substance use. Attitudes appeared to be more punitive among students with limited contact with people with substance use disorder (i.e. none or limited to hospital). Students intending to specialise in internal medicine were more in favour of punishment of women whereas none of those intending to specialise in psychiatry were in favour. Conclusion: Our study shows that about 20% of surveyed medical students favoured punishing substance-using pregnant women. Awareness and training work seems to be necessary to ensure adequate care and support for this already vulnerable population.
Stone Algebras: 3-valued Logic and Rough Sets
Authors: Kumar Arun , Kumari Shilpi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this article, we propose 3-valued semantics of the logics compatible with Stone and dual Stone algebras. We show that these logics can be considered as 3-valued by establishing soundness and completeness results. We also show that rough set theory can be modelled by these logics where the third value can be interpreted as not certain but possible.
Association Between Self-Reported Chewing Status and Glycemic Control in Japanese Adults
Authors: Iwai Komei , Azuma Tetsuji , Yonenaga Takatoshi , Ekuni Daisuke , Watanabe Kazutoshi , Obora Akihiro , Deguchi Fumiko , Kojima Takao , Morita Manabu , Tomofuji Takaaki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between self-reported chewing status and glycemic control in 32,137 Japanese adults who participated in health checkups. Chewing status was evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire. We defined poor glycemic control as a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level ≥6.5% or the use of medication to control diabetes; 1,891 (5.9%) respondents met these criteria. After adjusting for gender, age, smoking status, exercise habits, body mass index, and eating speed, poor glycemic control was found to be positively associated with male gender (odds ratio [OR], 2.142; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.903 to 2.411; p < 0.001), older age (OR, 1.093; 95% CI, 1.087 to 1.099; p < 0.001), higher body mass index (OR, 1.234; 95% CI, 1.219 to 1.249; p < 0.001), current smoker status (OR, 1.378; 95% CI, 1.223 to 1.552; p < 0.001), and ability to chew well (OR, 0.795; 95% CI, 0.699 to 0.904; p < 0.001). Furthermore, a negative association was found between the ability to chew well and poor glycemic control in those ≥40 years of age, but not in those between 20 and 39 years of age. In conclusion, self-reported ability to chew well was associated with poor glycemic control in Japanese adults aged ≥40 years.
Prevalence and Clinical Features of Autosomal Dominant and Recessive TMC1-Associated Hearing Loss.
Authors: Nishio Shin-ya , Usami Shin-ichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
TMC1 is a causative gene for both autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss (DFNA36) and autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (DFNB7/11). To date, 125 pathogenic variants in TMC1 have been reported. Most of the TMC1 variants are responsible for autosomal recessive hearing loss, with only 7 variants reported as causative for DFNA36. Here we reported the prevalence of TMC1-associated hearing loss in a large non-syndromic hearing loss cohort of about 12,000 subjects. As a result, we identified 26 probands with TMC1-associated hearing loss and the estimated prevalence of TMC1-associated hearing loss in the Japanese hearing loss cohort to be 0.18% among all patients. Among the 26 probands with TMC1-associated hearing loss, 15 cases were identified from autosomal dominant hearing loss families. By using the audiometric data from the probands, family members and previously reported cases, we evaluated the hearing deterioration speed for DFNA36 patients. In addition, we performed haplotype analysis for 11 unrelated autosomal dominant hearing loss families carrying the same variant TMC1: NM_138691:c.1627G > A:p.D543N. The results clearly indicated that the same haplotype was present despite of families being unrelated, supporting the contention that this variant occurred by founder mutation.
Coblation Versus Diode Laser Tonsillectomy: A Comparative Study
Authors: Alaqeedy Ameer A. , Rashid Rasheed Ali , Al-Ani Raid M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The study aimed to compare the 2 procedures of tonsillectomy (coblation and diode laser) concerning the operative time, the amount of blood loss, postoperative pain, and other complications. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was conducted at many Private Hospitals, Baghdad, Iraq from February 2019- February 2020. Coblation and laser tonsillectomy were performed on the same patient (one for each side) which was blinded to the patients or their caregivers and the surgeon who did the tonsillectomy. Data concerning the age, gender, indications for tonsillectomy, operative time, the amount of the blood loss, post-tonsillectomy pain by VAS scores, and other complications were recorded for each patient. Results: Out of 62 participants, there were 34 (54.8%) females. The majority were from the age group ≤18 years (n=54, 87.1%). The operative time and amount of the intraoperative blood loss were significantly lower in the coblation than a diode laser tonsillectomy. However, the postoperative pain scores in the diode laser were a statistically significant difference less than the coblation group at the periods 3 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days (P-value<0.05). While there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 2 weeks postoperative period (P-value=0.392). No primary or secondary postoperative bleeding in all patients. Conclusion: coblation was better than diode laser because of shorter operative time and less intraoperative blood loss. However, the diode laser technique had lesser postoperative pain at the postoperative periods 3 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days than coblation.
Nanopillar templating of biopolymer hydrogels augments stiffness and strength
Authors: Heedy Sara , Pineda Juviarelli , Yee Albert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In nature, structural biopolymers are highly organized to allow for the development of complex tissues within a living entity, including the human body. To match the properties found in these fibrous structural tissues, synthetic biomimetic hydrogels must have an optimal combination of stiffness, strength, and toughness; though an ideal combination remains challenging to achieve. Here, we report a general strategy to design stiff, strong, and tough hydrogels by confining biopolymers with a balance of rigid and weak domains into nanopillar topography. The confinement within nanopillars templates the fiber assembly process throughout the bulk of the film. Compared to a flat control, the application of the nanopillar topography increases the bulk stiffness ~ 160% to 20 MPa, strength ~ 350% to 36 MPa, and toughness ~ 450% to 8,500 kJ m− 3. This simple templating strategy is suitable for a vast range of hydrogels, opening up the potential applications for a diverse array of materials.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Reduced-Dose Chemotherapy for Adult Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: wu chunping , zeng mengting , chen yuanzhong , wu yong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the outcomes of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with reduced-dose chemotherapy with those of standard induction chemotherapy and to compare the outcomes between TKIs with chemotherapy regimen and transplantation in adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy. These patients were divided into the TKIs with reduced-dose chemotherapy group (62 patients) and the TKIs with standard chemotherapy group (143 patients). In further treatment, patients were divided into the transplant group (55 patients) and the non-transplant group (143 patients).Results: The complete remission rate (88.7% vs 83.9%, P=0.372) and early mortality rate (3.2% vs 3.5%, P=0.922) were similar between the TKIs with reduced-dose chemotherapy group and the TKIs with standard chemotherapy group. The proportions of lung infection (P=0.047) and bloodstream infection (P=0.024) and the proportion of patients with >21 days of hospitalization (P<0.001), on >4 types of antibiotics (P=0.003), and on restrictive tigecycline and/or polymyxin (P=0.031) were higher in the standard chemotherapy group than in the TKIs with reduced-dose chemotherapy group. For cost analysis, the total costs and antimicrobial costs were higher in the standard chemotherapy group than in the TKIs with reduced-dose chemotherapy group. The 3-year overall survival rates and 3-year disease-free survival rates were significantly better in the transplant group than in the non-transplant group. Conclusion: An induction regimen combining TKIs with reduced-dose chemotherapy and transplantation in first CR remains a good option for patients with Ph+ALL.
Developing machine learning models to predict CO2 trapping performance in deep saline aquifers
Authors: Thanh Hung Vo , Lee Kang-Kun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Deep saline formations are considered as potential sites for geological carbon storage (GCS). To better understand the CO2 trapping mechanism in saline aquifers, it is necessary to develop robust tools to evaluate CO2 trapping efficiency. This paper introduces the application of Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) to predict CO2 trapping efficiency in saline formations. First, the uncertainty variables, including geologic parameters, petrophysical properties, and other physical characteristics data were utilized to create a training dataset. A total of 101 reservoir simulation samples were then performed, and the residual trapping, solubility trapping, and cumulative CO2 injection were collected. The predicted results indicate that three machine learning (ML) models that evaluate performance from high to low: GPR, SVM, and RF can be selected to predict the CO2 trapping efficiency in deep saline formations. The GPR model has an excellent CO2 trapping prediction efficiency with the highest correlation factor (R2 = 0.992) and lowest root mean square error (RMSE = 0.00491). The accuracy and stability of the GPR models were verified for an actual reservoir in offshore Vietnam. The predictive models obtained a good agreement between the simulated field and the predicted trapping index. These findings indicate that the GPR ML models can support the numerical simulation as a robust predictive tool for estimating the performance of CO2 trapping in the subsurface.
Removal of Disperse Orange and Disperse Blue dyes present in textile mill effluent using zeolite synthesized from cenospheres
Authors: Markandeya  , Shukla Sheo Prasad , Srivastav Arun Lal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this research, an efficient, ecofriendly method of using coal fly ash in the form of zeolite to treat wastewater containing dyes was studied. Response surface methodology involving Box–Behnken design was applied to a batch process to evaluate the effect of process parameters such as contact time, dye concentration, agitation speed, pH, and adsorbent dosage onto zeolite. Disperse Orange 25 (DO) dye showed a maximum of 96% removal under optimal conditions of contact time of 119 min, dye concentration of 38.00 mg/L, agitation speed of 158 rpm, pH of 6.10, and adsorbent dosage of 0.67 g/L, whereas 95.23% of Disperse Blue 79:1 (DB) dye removal was observed at adsorbent dose of 1.05 g/L, dye concentration of 26.72 mg/L, agitation speed of 145 rpm, pH of 5.68, and contact time of 122 min. It was concluded that cenosphere-derivatized zeolite adsorbent is efficient, ecofriendly, and economical and has high potential for the removal of DO and DB dyes from aqueous solutions.
Biological Mechanisms of Atypical and Melancholic Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Tarasov Vadim V. , Ivanets Nikolay N. , Svistunov Andrey A. , Chubarev Vladimir N. , Kinkulkina Marina A. , Tikhonova Yuliya G. , Syzrantsev Nikita S. , Chubarev Ivan V. , Muresanu Cristian , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: June 2021

Background:
This review summarizes recent findings in molecular biology and neuroimaging and
their applicability to the classification and identification of depression. We discuss whether there is reliable evidence
that could become a basis for biomarkers or subtyping that may enhance our understanding of the biological
foundations of depression and may be useful for clinical practice with respect to diagnosis and prognosis as
well as the selection of treatments.

Objective:
The purpose of this investigation is to present molecular mechanisms that contribute to different origins
of depressions that could prove useful in the daily psychiatric clinic-based practices.

Methods:
The authors have analyzed and summarized electronic publications available in PubMed, Science Direct,
Google Scholar, and Scopus.

Results:
The introduction of molecular diagnostic methods into medical practice is a promising method to improve
the accuracy of the diagnosis of depression in clinical settings. The literature analysis revealed structural
changes in some areas of the brain, its neuroplasticity, as well as changes at the molecular, epigenetic, and genetic
levels. However, there are no current reliable biomarkers for differential diagnosis of the types and subtypes
of depression.

Conclusion:
Major depressive disorder is a biologically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Given its complexity,
subtyping is worthwhile to identify biological bases of conditions. The literature review provides ample
findings that reveal possible underlying biological mechanisms associated with atypical and melancholic depression.
Additional focused research should be continued with respect to the molecular and genetic biology of different
types of depression. There already are promising findings, but additional research to define biologically
based depressive subtypes is needed and worthwhile.
Comprehensive DNA Methylation-transcriptome Profiles Association Analysis During the Treatment of Acute Myelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Wu Jun , Song Ming-Zhu , Deng Li-Jun , Ye Qian-Ling 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Epigenetic modifications have recently attracted much attention in the study of the biological
mechanisms of Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML) for therapy and prognosis. However, studies on
DNA methylation changes during AML treatment are limited.

Objective:
The comprehensive DNA methylation-transcriptome profiles association analysis in this study aimed to establish whole-genome DNA methylation profiles and explore DNA methylation-related genes and their potential functions before and after treatment. And more appropriate biomarkers are expected to be identified for therapy strategies in AML.

Methods:
Illumina 450K and RNA-Seq data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas. We performed comprehensive
DNA methylation-transcriptome profiles association analysis, pathway analysis, correlation analysis,
and survival analyses. The StarBase database was utilized to predict interactions between lncRNAs, miRNAs
and target mRNAs.

Results:
In total, 1592 distinct CpG sites and 2419 different expression transcripts were identified between pretreatment
and post-treatment AML. The significantly enriched functions of methylated genes were stem cell differentiation,
cell population maintenance, and cell development. The expression of UGT3A2, MOG, and VSTM1
was correlated with DNA methylation levels (r2
>0.5). Lastly, we identified 4 lncRNAs, 9 miRNAs and 142
mRNAs to construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network.

Conclusion:
Our results revealed that DNA methylation was altered before and after treatment. Alterations in
DNA methylation affected target gene expression and participated in the key biological processes of AML.
Therefore, ceRNA networks may provide further insight into the study of favorable therapeutic markers in
AML.
Rapid Screening of Active Components with Topoisomerase I Inhibitory Activity in Sophora alopecuroides L. Based on Ultrafiltration Coupled with UPLC-QTOF-MS
Authors: Zhang Lin , Yin Xiaoying , Wan Xi , Sun Yun , Cao Menghui , Ouyang Sheng 
Published: June 2021

Background:Topoisomerase I (Topo I) is a key target of many antitumor drugs in vivo. Alkaloids in Sophora alopecuroides L. can reportedly inhibit Topo I activity, but the pharmacodynamic material basis has not yet been determined.Objective:This study aimed to rapidly identify active components which inhibit Topo I in S. alopecuroides L.Methods:Affinity ultrafiltration coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (UF-UPLC-QTOF-MS) screening system based on Topo I protein was established to screen and isolate a total alkaloid fraction in S. alopecuroides L. Topo I inhibitory activity and anti-tumor proliferation activity of the screened components were evaluated, and their molecular mechanisms were studied.Results:Six compounds that bound specifically to Topo I were obtained. Further screening showed that matrine, cytisine, and sophoridine presented higher inhibitory activity on Topo I and were able to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-468 cells with IC50 values of 9.40 ± 1.12 mM, 17.4 ± 2.20 mM, and 10.4 ± 1.37 mM, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, their dual molecular mechanisms against Topo I have not discussed to date. In this study, the following dual mechanisms are reviewed for the first time: (1) stabilization of the Topo I-DNA complex and (2) inhibition or blocking of Topo I binding to DNA.Conclusion:Matrine, cytisine, and sophoridine from S. alopecuroides L. were defined as the active components possessing Topo I inhibitory activity, and their pharmacological mechanism was confirmed, which provided an important base for further research and development of antitumor components from S. alopecuroides L.
Diet-induced Obesity Differentially Modulates Cardiac
Inflammatory Status in the C57 and FVB Mouse Strains
Authors: Gaisler-Silva Fernanda , Junho Carolina Victoria Cruz , Fredo-da-Costa Izabelle , Christoffolete Marcelo Augusto , Carneiro-Ramos Marcela Sorelli 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Cardiovascular diseases correspond to the highest risk of
sudden death worldwide, and obesity is largely related to be an increased risk factor.
There is a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension in obese individuals, including the
presence of cardiac hypertrophy. It is already known the role of toll-like receptors [TLR],
mainly 2 and 4 in heart cells, as fundamental to the process of cardiac hypertrophy.
Obesity has been studied as an activator of damage-associated molecular patterns
[DAMPs], which use the TLR signaling pathway to increase the nuclear factor of
inflammation, NF-kB, increasing cytokine expression in heart tissue. It’s already known
that FVB/N and C57BL/6 mouse strains have different behaviors in relation to
metabolism, but the difference in cardiac tropism and innate immune system modulation
are not clear.

Methods:
The present study aimed to evaluate the contribution of innate immune
factors to cardiac hypertrophy induced by an experimental model of obesity comparing
two mouse strains: C57BL/6 and FVB/N. Both strains were submitted to a high-fat diet
containing 23% protein, 35.5% carbohydrate, and 35.9% fat for 68 days. Hearts were
collected, weighed, and submitted to RT-qPCR, and the serum was analyzed by
Bioplex.

Results:
We observed an increase in heart mass after 68 days in both strains. This was
followed by an increase of α-actin only in C57BL/6 while ANF was increased in FVB/N.
Gene expression of innate immune components and inflammatory cytokines were only
increased in C57BL/6, but not in FVB/N.

Conclusion:
Based on the results obtained, we verified that C57BL/6 mice had a more
robust action of innate immune system then FVB/N.
Predictive Factors for the Care and Control of Hypertension Based on the Health Belief Model Among Hypertensive Patients During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Sirjan, Iran
Authors: Sadeghi Reza , Masoudi Mahmood Reza , Patelarou Athina , Khanjani Narges 
Published: June 2021

Background:Hypertension is a leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality around the world. Preventing this health problem is considered an important priority. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive factors for care and control of hypertension (CCH) according to the health belief model (HBM), in patients with hypertension during the COVID-19 epidemic in Sirjan, Iran.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, participants were chosen by simple random sampling. Data were collected by a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire from 200 patients with high blood pressure aged 30-60 years. Data were analyzed by SPSS21 and analysis based on descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and linear regression was conducted.Results:The results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that there was a significant correlation among almost all constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM), but the strongest correlations were between self-efficacy and perceived susceptibility (r = 0.940, P ≤ 0.001), and between perceived barriers with perceived benefits (r = -0.615, P ≤ 0.001). According to linear regression, perceived barriers (β = -0.291), cues to action (β = -0.590), and knowledge (β = 0.973) predicted more than 26% of CCH variability. Knowledge had a stronger role than other variables.Conclusions:The results of this study show that the constructs of the Health Belief Model can predict CCH in hypertensive patients. This model can be used as a tool for designing and implementing educational interventions to increase CCH among hypertensive patients.