bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and attitude toward coronavirus disease 19 pandemic among Saudi Arabia population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shaikhain Talal , Al-Husayni Faisal , Bukhari Ghufran , Alhawsa Bushra , Shalabi Nora , Munshi Adeeb , Saati Ahmed , Neyazi AlFaisal , AlShehri Ali , Alzahrani Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 19 is a pandemic affecting millions worldwide. Since February 2020, new cases are reported in Saudi Arabia, and regulations have been imposed to control the spread of the disease and raise awareness. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the Kingdom’s residents toward coronavirus disease 19 during the early stages of the pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional study of 2071 participants who were recruited from various cities in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was shared through social media, which contained questions about demographic data, general knowledge of coronavirus disease 19, and participants’ attitudes. Results: The mean age of the study population was 34 ± 12.4 years. Most of the participants agreed that coronavirus disease 19 is a pandemic and is more serious than seasonal influenza. More than 90% believed that handwashing and social distancing are effective in preventing disease transmission. No significant results were observed when comparing the knowledge of high-risk participants and the normal population. More than half of the cohort were strictly compliant with curfew regulations, handwashing, and face mask. Around 80% of the population is following coronavirus disease 19 news and information through official authorities’ press releases. Conclusion: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia residents showed decent knowledge of coronavirus disease 19. Nevertheless, some information needs emphasizing and proper education. Frequent communication between healthcare authorities and the public is highly recommended.
Pancreatic candidiasis in a cat
Authors: Renner Kelsey , Hill Sarah , Grinberg Alex , Weeden Amy 
Published: October 2021

Case summary An 11-year-old female spayed Maine Coon cat was referred for assessment of hyporexia, weight loss, vomiting and diarrhoea. An abdominal ultrasound revealed an enlarged and hypoechoic pancreas containing two large fluid-filled structures. Fine-needle aspiration of the cyst-like structures was performed, and cytology revealed moderate-to-marked predominantly suppurative inflammation with yeast cells. Candida glabrata was cultured from the fluid. The patient was treated with oral itraconazole and the clinical signs resolved, although repeat abdominal ultrasound and cytology revealed persistence of the infected cyst-like structures. The patient remained asymptomatic for 8 months after the discontinuation of antifungal medications, despite the persistence of the pancreatic infection with C glabrata. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of pancreatic infection with Candida species in a cat, followed by a chronic subclinical infection persisting for at least 8 months after treatment discontinuation.
The 30th birthday of chronic ulcerative stomatitis: A systematic review
Authors: Herzum Astrid , Burlando Martina , Cozzani Emanuele , Parodi Aurora 
Published: October 2021

Objectives Chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CUS) is a chronic, ulcerative condition of the oral cavity, clinically and histologically similar to oral lichen planus (OLP), first described as a new disease entity in 1990 by Parodi et al. In this review, 30 years after our first description of CUS, we aimed to systematically review the literature of CUS cases reported ever since. Methods We present a systematic review of CUS literature cases, performed in compliance with the PRISMA statement. Results Of 125 retrieved articles, 20 satisfied inclusion criteria. These described 76 CUS cases, all presenting orally evident disease: erosions (55%), white lesions (49%), erythema (49%), ulcerations (34%) were the most frequent signs; 54% experienced discomfort/pain. Topographically, buccal mucosa (68%) and gingiva (54%) were the most affected locations, followed by tongue (42%), hard palate (27%), labial mucosa (22%), and widespread involvement (15%). Great diagnostic delay (6.3 years) was evidenced highlighting CUS is an entity too often misdiagnosed. Histopathology found lichenoid features (46%) and non-specific inflammation (54%). Extra-oral involvement was reported in 21%, especially as LP (69%). Of DIF, 97% were positive; 3% negative, compensated by positive IIF, permitting diagnosis. Of patients on steroids, only 12% reported therapeutic success; most steroid-non-responsive patients passed to antimalarials, with 91.66% success when used alone, 100% success in combination therapy. Conclusion Dermatologists should suspect CUS in chronic steroid-unresponsive erosive/ulcerative stomatitis. In these cases, to diagnose CUS, the presence of stratified epithelium–specific antinuclear antibodies (SES-ANA) should be investigated through immunofluorescence. Once diagnosed, CUS can be treated with antimalarials, which are an effective treatment contrarily to corticosteroids.
Patterns and Distribution of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Its Effects on Clinical Outcomes After Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Park Hyung Jun , Kang Seung-Baik , Park Jisu , Chang Moon Jong , Kim Tae Woo , Chang Chong Bum , Choi Byung Sun 
Published: October 2021

Background: Although a few studies have reported the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO), previous studies focused only on symptomatic DVT. Information is lacking regarding the overall incidence of DVT after OWHTO, thrombus location, and the relationship between DVT and clinical outcome. Purpose: To determine the overall incidence of DVT and classify the location of DVT after OWHTO. We also determined whether significant differences in clinical improvement exist in patients with and without DVT at 6 months and at 2 years after OWHTO. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study included 46 patients (47 knees) who underwent OWHTO. All patients were instructed to perform knee range of motion exercises and partial weightbearing after drain removal. None of the patients received a chemoprophylaxis for DVT except intermittent pneumatic compression. DVT was diagnosed using 128-row multidetector computed tomography performed before discharge on the fourth postoperative day. The location was classified into 6 segments in the distal portion (muscular and axial veins) and proximal portion (popliteal, femoral, and common femoral veins and veins located above the iliac vein). International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years using a linear mixed model. Results: Although the incidence of symptomatic DVT was 8.5% (n = 4), the overall incidence of early DVT was 44.7% (n = 21). All DVTs were located in the distal portion of the lower extremity vein, and 76.2% of the DVTs were located in an axial vein. The IKDC scores were 33.6 ± 7.2 and 35.3 ± 9.1 ( P = .910) preoperatively, 38.1 ± 5.6 and 40.6 ± 8.4 ( P = .531) at 6 months after surgery, and 44.8 ± 6.9 and 45.9 ± 11.4 ( P = .786) at 2 years after surgery in patients without and those with DVT, respectively. Conclusion: The overall incidence of early DVT after OWHTO was 44.7%. DVT after OWHTO was found particularly around the osteotomy site (76.2%). Patients with DVT did not have inferior short-term clinical outcomes after surgery.
Are Suture Tape Knots as Secure as Standard Suture? A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Rapp Catherine M. , Koueiter Denise M. , Bojnowski Jeremy , Kalma Jeremy , Wiater Brett , Kurdziel Michael D. , Wiater J. Michael 
Published: October 2021

Background: Few studies have investigated the biomechanical performance of flat-braided suture tapes versus round-braided sutures after being knotted. Purpose: To compare the loop security and knot strength of a standard round-braided suture with 3 commercially available flat-braided suture tapes using 2 types of arthroscopic knots. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: One standard suture (SS) and 3 suture tapes (T1, T2, and T3) were tied with the surgeon’s knot (SK) and the Tennessee slider (TS), 25 times each, by a single surgeon. Each combination of knots and sutures underwent a preload, cyclic loading, and load to failure. Outcomes were loop security (defined by loop stretch after a 5-N preload), load at clinical failure (3 mm of displacement), and load at ultimate failure (suture rupture or knot slippage). Two-way analysis of variance was used for analysis. Results: Overall, the SK group had greater overall loop security than that of the TS group (0.4 ± 0.3 vs 0.5 ± 0.3 mm of stretch, respectively; P = .020). The clinical failure load varied by suture type ( P < .001) but not knot type ( P = .106). For both knot types, the SS had the lowest mean ± SD clinical failure load (SK, 171 ± 49 N; TS, 176 ± 37 N), which was significantly less than that of T2 (247 ± 85 N; P < .001) and T3 (251 ± 96 N; P < .001) for the SK type and T2 (231 ± 67 N; P = .023) for the TS type. T2 sutures had the greatest ultimate failure load for both knot types (SK, 418 ± 45 N; TS, 461 ± 57 N), which was significantly greater than SS, T1, and T3 ( P < .001 for all). The TS knot had greater overall ultimate failure load than the SK (375 ± 64 vs 350 ± 66 N; P < .001). Conclusion: Not all suture tape knots had the same biomechanical properties, although knot security and strength appeared to be adequate for all suture tapes as well as for SS. There was no evidence that suture tape knots are lower profile than SS knots. Clinical Relevance: Surgeons should not use suture tape based only on the assumption that it has superior biomechanical properties to a standard round-braided suture.
Autograft Versus Allograft for Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aliberti Gianna M. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Miskimin Cadence , Scillia Anthony J. , Belk John W. , Mulcahey Mary K. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Patients with recurrent lateral patellar dislocations are often treated with reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). Purpose: To perform a systematic review to evaluate clinical outcomes and the risk of recurrent patellar dislocation after MPFL reconstruction (MPFLR) with autograft versus allograft. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The authors conducted a search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify studies comparing outcomes of MPFLR with autograft versus allograft. The inclusion criteria were full-text studies that directly compared clinical outcomes and/or risk of recurrent patellar instability between patients undergoing MPFLR with autograft versus allograft. A quality assessment was performed using the modified Coleman Methodology Score, and risk-of-bias assessment was performed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies–of Interventions and the Cochrane Collaboration tools. Results: Seven studies (1 evidence level 2, 3 level 3, 3 level 4) that met inclusion criteria were identified and included a total of 150 patients who underwent MPFLR with autograft and 193 with MPFLR with allograft. One study found a significantly higher failure rate among patients with autograft, and another study found a trend toward a significantly higher failure rate among patients with autograft. One study demonstrated no significant difference between postoperative tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance (measured on magnetic resonance imaging scans) in failed versus successful grafts. One study found that patellar tilt angle improved significantly from preoperatively to postoperatively ( P < .001) but there was no difference between the groups. Kujala scores significantly improved for both autograft and allograft groups across studies. Two studies found significant differences in postoperative Kujala scores between the 2 groups, 1 of which found better scores in the allograft group ( P = .0032) and another in which scores were better in the autograft group ( P = .02). Conclusion: Patients undergoing MPFLR with either autograft or allograft can expect to experience improvement in clinical outcomes. Subjective outcomes improved to a similar degree in both groups. Graft failure was more frequently observed in patients with autograft. Allograft may be a better option for MPFLR owing to lower failure rate.
High-risk subtypes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are detectable as early as 16 years prior to diagnosis
Authors: Kolijn P. Martijn , Hosnijeh Fatemeh Saberi , Späth Florentin , Hengeveld Paul J. , Agathangelidis Andreas , Saleh Manal , Casabonne Delphine , Benavente Yolanda , Jerkeman Mats , Agudo Antonio , Barricarte Aurelio , Besson Caroline , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Masala Giovanna , Sacerdote Carlotta , Grioni Sara , Schulze Matthias B. , Nieters Alexandra , Engelfriet Peter , Hultdin Magnus , McKay James D. , Vermeulen Roel C.H. , Langerak Anton W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is preceded by monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), a CLL precursor state with a prevalence of up to 12% in aged individuals; however, the duration of MBL and the mechanisms of its evolution to CLL remain largely unknown. In this study, we sequenced the B-cell receptor (BcR) immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene repertoire of 124 patients with CLL and 118 matched controls in blood samples taken up to 22 years prior to diagnosis. Significant skewing in the BcR IGH gene repertoire was detected in the majority of patients, even before the occurrence of lymphocytosis and irrespective of the clonotypic IGH variable gene somatic hypermutation status. Furthermore, we identified dominant clonotypes belonging to major stereotyped subsets associated with poor prognosis up to 16 years before diagnosis in 14 patients with CLL. In 22 patients with longitudinal samples, the skewing of the BcR IGH gene repertoire increased significantly over time to diagnosis or remained stable at high levels. For 14 of 16 patients with available samples at diagnosis, the CLL clonotype was already present in the prediagnostic samples. Overall, our data indicate that the preclinical phase of CLL could be longer than previously thought, even in adverse-prognostic cases.
VpreB surrogate light chain expression in B-lineage ALL: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Winter Stuart S. , McCaustland Amanda , Qu Chunxu , Simeona No’eau , Heerema Nyla A. , Carroll Andrew J. , Wood Brent L. , Gheorghe Gabriela , Mullighan Charles G. , Wilson Bridget S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Immunotherapies directed against B-cell surface markers have been a common developmental strategy to treat B-cell malignancies. The immunoglobulin heavy chain surrogate light chain (SLC), comprising the VpreB1 (CD179a) and Lamda5 (CD179b) subunits, is expressed on pro- and pre-B cells, where it governs pre–B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated autonomous survival signaling. We hypothesized that the pre-BCR might merit the development of targeted immunotherapies to decouple “autonomous” signaling in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We used the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) minimal residual disease (MRD) flow panel to assess pre-BCR expression in 36 primary patient samples accrued to COG standard- and high-risk B-ALL studies through AALL03B1. We also assessed CD179a expression in 16 cases with day 29 end-induction samples, preselected to have ≥1% MRD. All analyses were performed on a 6-color Becton-Dickinson flow cytometer in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment/College of American Pathologist–certified laboratory. Among 36 cases tested, 32 cases were at the pre-B and 4 cases were at the pro-B stages of developmental arrest. One or both monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) showed that CD179a was present in ≥20% of the B-lymphoblast population. All cases expressed CD179a in the end-induction B-lymphoblast population. The CD179a component of the SLC is commonly expressed in B-ALL, regardless of genotype, stage of developmental arrest, or National Cancer Institute risk status.
Worse outcome and distinct mutational pattern in follicular lymphoma with anti-HBc positivity
Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez Concepción , Rodríguez-Sevilla Juan José , Fernández-Ibarrondo Lierni , Sánchez-González Blanca , Gibert Joan , Bento Leire , García Juan Fernando , Sancho Juan Manuel , Diez-Feijóo Ramón , Camacho Laura , García-Retortillo Montserrat , Gimeno Eva , Colomo Luis , Gutiérrez Antonio , Bellosillo Beatriz , Salar Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and B-cell non–Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), mainly for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). We studied a cohort of 121 patients with FL for HBV infection status, clinical features, and gene mutational profile. Anti-HBc was detectable in 16 patients (13.2%), although all had undetectable HBV DNA. Anti-HBcore+ (anti-HBc+) cases presented with older age at diagnosis than anti-HBc− cases (68.1 vs 57.2 years; P = .007) and higher β2-microglobulin (56.3% vs 28.9%; P = .04). All patients included in the study fulfilled criteria for treatment and received therapy with rituximab or rituximab-containing chemotherapy. There were no episodes of HBV reactivation or HBV hepatitis during treatment and/or maintenance. Remarkably, anti-HBc+ patients had significantly lower 10-year progression-free survival (PFS; 12.9% vs 58.3%; P &lt; .0001) and overall survival (OS; 22.0% vs 86.2%; P &lt; .0001), that remained at multivariate analysis. Gene mutational profiling of all cases showed that anti-HBc+ cases had higher incidence of ARID1A mutations and absence of EP300 mutations, 2 key epigenetic regulators in FL. Overall, our study shows that FL patients with resolved HBV infection have a worse outcome independently of other well-known clinical risk factors and a distinct gene mutational profile.
Defibrotide: real-world management of veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstructive syndrome after stem cell transplant
Authors: Nauffal Mary , Kim Haesook T. , Richardson Paul G. , Soiffer Robert J. , Antin Joseph H. , Cutler Corey , Nikiforow Sarah , Gooptu Mahasweta , Koreth John , Romee Rizwan , Ho Vincent T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease or sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (VOD/SOS) is a life-threatening complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Defibrotide is the only medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the management of severe VOD/SOS after HSCT. We report our center’s experience with commercially available defibrotide as treatment of patients with VOD/SOS. We retrospectively identified 28 cases of VOD/SOS, based on the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation criteria, from March 2016 through June 2019. The median day of VOD/SOS onset was 25 days (range, 8-69 days), and defibrotide was initiated on day of diagnosis in 71% of patients. Complete resolution of VOD/SOS occurred in 75% of patients. Day 100 survival was 64% for all HSCT patients and 53% for those with very severe VOD/SOS. Response rates and survival were similar in patients with VOD/SOS after myeloablative or reduced-intensity chemotherapy HSCT. Therapy-related adverse events were mild and included hematuria (43%), epistaxis (18%), and hypotension (11%). Severe hemorrhagic adverse events occurred in 2 patients (pulmonary hemorrhage and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage; 7%) and both in the setting of progressive VOD/SOS. Early diagnosis, prompt initiation of defibrotide, and minimization of dosing interruptions may be key to successful treatment of VOD/SOS.
NUDT15 variants confer high incidence of second malignancies in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yoshida Masanori , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Yang Wentao , Sato-Otsubo Aiko , Tsujimoto Shin-ichi , Ogata-Kawata Hiroko , Kawai Tomoko , Ishiwata Keisuke , Sakamoto Mika , Okamura Kohji , Yoshida Kaoru , Shirai Ryota , Osumi Tomoo , Moriyama Takaya , Nishii Rina , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Kiyotani Chikako , Shioda Yoko , Terashima Keita , Ishimaru Sae , Yuza Yuki , Takagi Masatoshi , Arakawa Yuki , Kinoshita Akitoshi , Hino Moeko , Imamura Toshihiko , Hasegawa Daisuke , Nakazawa Yozo , Okuya Mayuko , Kakuda Harumi , Takasugi Nao , Inoue Akiko , Ohki Kentaro , Yoshioka Takako , Ito Shuichi , Tomizawa Daisuke , Koh Katsuyoshi , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Sanada Masashi , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Ohara Akira , Ogawa Seishi , Manabe Atsushi , Niwa Akira , Hata Kenichiro , Yang Jun J. , Kato Motohiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The effect of genetic variation on second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) remains unclear. First, we identified the pathogenic germline variants in cancer-predisposing genes among 15 children with SMNs after childhood leukemia/lymphoma using whole-exome sequencing. Because the prevalence was low, we focused on the association between SMNs and NUDT15 in primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases. NUDT15 is one of the 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) metabolic genes, and its variants are common in East Asian individuals. The prevalence of NUDT15 hypomorphic variants was higher in patients with SMNs (n = 14; 42.9%) than in the general population in the gnomAD database (19.7%; P = .042). In the validation study with a cohort of 438 unselected patients with ALL, the cumulative incidence of SMNs was significantly higher among those with (3.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6% to 9.4%) than among those without NUDT15 variants (0.3%; 95% CI, 0.0% to 1.5%; P = .045). The 6-MP dose administered to patients with ALL with a NUDT15 variant was higher than that given to those without SMNs (P = .045). The 6-MP–related mutational signature was observed in SMN specimens after 6-MP exposure. In cells exposed to 6-MP, a higher level of 6-MP induced DNA damage in NUDT15-knockdown induced pluripotent stem cells. Our study indicates that NUDT15 variants may confer a risk of SMNs after treatment with 6-MP in patients with ALL.