bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A - 04 Sociocultural and Health Equity Barriers Influencing Time to Clinic Following Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: TJ Caze , D Vasquez , DM Loveland , SO Burkhart 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Given the strong association between time to specialty concussion clinic and recovery, the purpose of this study was to examine sociocultural factors influencing time to clinic.

Methods
1001 participants ages 8–18 (M = 14, SD = 2.2) with SRC were seen in a specialty concussion clinic. Groups were divided into early (within 7 days of injury) and delayed (8–20 days) to clinic. Sociocultural factors including race, insurance category of private vs. non-private (i.e., Medicaid and CHIP), and their intersectionality were examined to determine potential differences in access.

Results
There was a significant difference between insurance category X2(1) =41.37, p &lt; 0.001 and days to clinic, 34.7% of those with non-private insurance compared to 15.7% with private insurance were in the delayed to clinic group. There was a significant difference in insurance category by race X2(6) =253.28, p &lt; 0.001, with Hispanic (60.8%) and Black (50.3%) patients being more likely to have non-private insurance compared to just (9.4%) of White participants. There was a significant difference in days to clinic by race X2(6) =40.02, p &lt; 0.001, with 34.8% of Hispanic and 25.9% of Black participants compared to 14.5% of White participants being in the delayed to clinic group. White males with private insurance on average got to clinic faster (M = 3.78, SD = 3.94) than minority females with non-private insurance (M = 9.04, 4.94).

Conclusions
Even though early access to a specialty concussion clinic is associated with faster recovery times, there are glaring disparities regarding health equity and whom is getting to clinic early. Further research is needed to help determine ways to minimize these barriers.
A - 10 Concussion Rates and Sports Participation Time Loss in Sex-Comparable Middle School Sports
Authors: S Hacherl , P Kelshaw , N Erdman , A Lincoln , R Dunn , J Martin , J Ambegaonkar , N Cortes , C McGill , S Caswell 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
High rates of concussion in sex-comparable sports have been reported at the high school (HS), however, research examining concussion rates and time loss, in middle school (MS) sports is limited; therefore, we investigated concussion rates and time loss (TL) in sex-comparable MS sports.

Methods
Concussion and athlete exposure (AE) data was collected for all MS sponsored events in a metropolitan public-school division between 2015/16–2019/20. AE was defined as one athlete participating in one sport-event. TL was defined as the number of days between the injury and return to sport dates. Injury rates (IR) per 1000 AEs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for sex-comparable sports (baseball/softball, basketball, soccer, & track). Injury rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CIs were compared IR between sexes. CIs excluding 1.0 were considered significant. A Mann–Whitney U test compared mean TL between sexes.

Results
76 concussions (IR = 0.35/1000AEs, 95%CI: 0.27–0.43) occurred across 215,074 AEs. Girls had a higher IR (0.48, 95%CI: 0.35–0.62, n = 52) than boys (0.22, 95%CI: 0.13–0.31, n = 24; IRR:2.18, 95%CI:1.34–3.53). Girls had a greater mean TL (20.27 ± 16.96 days) than boys (13.67 ± 5.66 days, U = 282.5, p = 0.04).

Conclusions
Within sex-comparable sports, girls had nearly twice the IR, and took nearly 7 days longer to recover than boys. IR differences between sexes in MS and HS athletes were consistent, however MS girls needed nearly one-week longer to recover than HS girls, while MS and HS boys were similar. Further inquiry into MS sport concussion rates, sex differences, and subsequent TL is warranted.
A - 11 Are Self-Reported Cognitive Symptoms an Accurate Evaluation of Cognitive Functioning?
Authors: J Hansen , M Mrazik , R Wagner , P Arends , M Varkovestski , Q Ree-Fedun , D Naidu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether self-reports of cognitive symptoms were associated with cognitive test performances.

Methods
The sample included 112 Canadian Football League (CFL) athletes who were diagnosed using CFL concussion protocols. All participants underwent a cognitive assessment at baseline and prior to medical clearance. The battery included the immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing (ImPACT) and The Post-Concussion Symptom Checklist.

Results
Self-reported cognitive symptoms and cognitive test performances were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlations (rho; ρ). There were significant negative correlations between post-concussion verbal memory composite and the self-reported cognitive symptoms total (ρ = −0.22). Similar patterns were found for visual memory composite and the self-reported cognitive symptom total (ρ = −0.19). Paired-samples t-tests were used to assess differences between pre- and post-concussion scores. Cases were omitted if there were no pre- or post-test. If multiple concussions were sustained, the first assessment was used (n = 99). There was a significant difference between the pre- and post-test results between the subjective cognitive symptom total (t = −2.034, p &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
These outcomes suggest that CFL athletes report significantly higher cognitive symptoms following a concussion. Additionally, the pre-test subjective measures were not correlated to objective cognitive functioning. However, post-concussion subjective measures were negatively correlated with verbal and visual memory. This suggests that self-reports were more accurate at assessing their overall functioning following a concussion.
A - 14 Immediate vs. Delayed Onset of Symptoms and Differences In Clinical Presentation Following Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: AS Kirschler , J Preszler , AM Trbovich , MW Collins , AP Kontos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Delayed onset of symptoms following SRC is common and associated with continued play and potentially worse outcomes. This study sought to determine if athletes with delayed onset of symptoms (DOS) had different demographics, constitutional risk factors, and clinical outcomes compared to athletes with immediate onset of symptoms (IOS).

Methods
Participants included 139 athletes (63.3% males) aged 11–24 (15.79 ± 2.71) evaluated within 7 days (3.43 ± 1.59) of injury. Athletes completed a medical history interview and the clinical profiles screening (CP screen). Mean scores were calculated for the CP screen, with primary and secondary profiles coded. A series of univariate nonparametric tests (i.e., χ2 with odds ratios [ORs], 95% CI) were used to examine the associations between IOS (i.e., onset during sport [n = 102, 73.4%]) and DOS (i.e., onset after ceasing play [n = 37, 26.6%]) groups on demographics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes.

Results
Groups did not differ on any demographic or risk factors. The DOS group had increased likelihood of having posttraumatic migraine (PTM) as a primary/secondary clinical profile (OR = 2.60 [CI = 1.12–6.07], p = 0.03) and the IOS group had increased likelihood of having a primary vestibular clinical profile (OR = 2.16 [CI = 1.01–4.63], p = 0.04). Groups did not differ on any other clinical profiles (p &gt; 0.05) or recovery time (p = 0.88).

Conclusions
DOS following SRC was common in our sample (27%), highlighting the importance of assessment beyond game time for clinicians. While DOS was not associated with longer recovery, we found associations with clinical profiles and timing of symptom onset that may guide clinicians with follow up evaluation and treatment.
A - 24 Exploring Vestibular/Ocular and Cognitive Dysfunction as Prognostic Factors for Protracted Recovery in Sports-Related Concussion Patients Aged 8–12 Years
Authors: AM Price , G Knell , TJ Caze , JP Abt , D Loveland , SO Burkhart 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
To explore the prognostic ability of the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tool, the King-Devick Test (KD), and the C3 Logix Trails A and B (C3), individually and in combination, for identifying protracted recovery from sports-related concussion (SRC) in patients aged 8–12 years.

Methods
114 youth athletes aged 8–12 years diagnosed with a SRC within 7-days of injury participated in this study. The prognostic ability of the VOMS, KD, and C3 to classify patients as normal versus protracted recovery, defined as recovery time greater than 30-days, was evaluated using measures of test validity and predictive ability.

Results
After adjustment for age and days since injury, a positive VOMS was associated with 1.31 greater days to recover (p = 0.02) than a negative VOMS. The KD, and the C3 were not significantly associated with recovery time (all p &gt; 0.05), nor were any combinations of tests (any 2 or 3 positive tests, all 4 positive tests). The VOMS prognostic ability to predict normal recovery (NPV = 80.78% [95%CI = 63.73–90.95]) was moderate. Overall predictive accuracy of normal versus protracted recovery was strongest when a participant screened positive on 3 out of 4 possible measures (Acc = 66.67% [95%CI = 57.23–75.22]).

Conclusions
The VOMS was the most useful test for identifying patients who will experience a normal SRC recovery time, however, combining the VOMS with KD and C3 improved prognostic accuracy. These findings suggest that combining multiple, varied assessments of cognition and vestibular/ocular functions may be useful for understanding factors contributing to protracted recovery from SRC.
A - 27 The Clinical Utilization of SWAY and mBESS for Post-Trauma and Follow-up Concussion Evaluations
Authors: R Sohoni , K Gorres , M Sibol , M Yousif , A LoGalbo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
SWAY is a mobile software system using an accelerometer designed to measure postural sway and reaction time in the context of concussion. This study examined the efficacy of SWAY in detecting changes in balance and reaction time before and after concussion.

Methods
College athletes (N = 30, 10 females) underwent baseline, post-trauma, and follow-up evaluations following a concussion including SWAY, mBESS, Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT-5), and Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT).

Results
Paired-samples t-tests revealed a decline in SWAY balance from baseline (M = 82.65, SD = 14.48) to post-trauma (M = 74.61, SD = 17.41), t(29) = 2.99, p = 0.006, but no significant difference was observed in reaction time (M = 5.07, SD = 13.61), t(29) = 2.04, p = 0.050. Meanwhile, balance improved at follow-up (M = 78.93, SD = 15.32), and was no longer discrepant from baseline (M = 81.97, SD = 14.51), t(21) = 1.03, p = 0.316. Similarly, there was a significant decline in mBESS scores from baseline (M = 2.88, SD = 3.62) to post-trauma (M = 5.68, SD = 5.32), t(24) = −3.51, p = 0.002, followed by a return to baseline at follow up (M = 4.22, SD = 4.95), t(22) = −1.60, p = 0.124.

Conclusions
Although challenges were apparent in obtaining an optimal baseline, current results appear to support the clinical utility of SWAY for assessing balance in the context of concussion evaluations. Further research appears warranted to support SWAY as a method of diagnosing concussion and monitoring return to baseline.
A - 28 Mastering Concussion Reporting: Does Previous Injury and Education Play a Role in Reporting Skill?
Authors: CP Tomczyk , T Covassin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine whether previous injury (PI) and/or concussion education (ce) significantly predicted collegiate athlete reporting skill (RS). It was hypothesized that both PI and ce would be significant predictors of RS.

Methods
A cross-sectional study design was implemented, and collegiate athletes (n = 105; age = 19.77 ± 1.23; sex = 53% female) from two institutions were included in the study. Participants were administered a demographic questionnaire to determine PI and ce prior to enrollment, and the Reporting Skill Scale (5-items) was administered to measure RS. A composite score (range: 1–5) was calculated where higher values indicated greater RS. A stepwise multivariable linear regression was used to determine the predictive value of PI and ce on RS (a priori p &lt; 0.05).

Results
A high percentage of the sample reported PI (n = 52, 49%), received ce (n = 83, 78%), and had high levels of RS (4.27 ± 0.68). The stepwise multivariable linear regression generated a one predictor model where ce significantly predicted RS (F(1,105) = 4.804, p = 0.03, R2 = 0.05, β = 0.35, 90% CI [0.33, 0.67]), whereas PI did not significantly predict RS (p = 0.83, β = −0.22).

Conclusions
The study revealed that ce partially predicts RS in collegiate athletes. Although the predicted variance was small, this highlights that educating athletes on the steps needed to report an injury is better suited for influencing the psychomotor domain of concussion reporting than simply experiencing a PI. Determining an athlete’s RS, including the factors that influence it, can aid clinicians in identifying athletes that may not fully understand how to report a concussion following injury.
A - 30 Executive Function in Division-I Collegiate Athletes and Recreationally Active College Students
Authors: J Wilson , N Morelli , DY Han , MC Hoch 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
High-level cognitive performance is important for navigating the complex environment of sport. The executive function domain may be of particular importance because it focuses on flexible thinking and self-control. It is unclear if high-level athletes exhibit similar executive function compared to recreational athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare executive function between male and female Division-I collegiate athletes and recreationally active peers.

Methods
Thirty-seven Division-I athletes (16 females, 21 males) and 30 recreationally active college students (19 females, 11 males) participated. Participants completed the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (FICA) and Dimensional Change Card Sort Test (DCCS) from the National Institute of Health Toolbox Cognitive Battery on a tablet to assess cognitive flexibility and attention and inhibitory control, respectively. Demographically-corrected T-scores were used for analysis. Two-way ANOVAs compared cognitive performance based on group and sex (p ≤ 0.05).

Results
There was a significant group-by-sex interaction for the FICA (p = 0.005). Female recreational athletes (50.68 ± 10.18) demonstrated higher FICA scores compared to female Division-I athletes (40.88 ± 7.35; p = 0.003, ES = 1.06). Male Division-I athletes (48.67 ± 10.39) also exhibited greater scores compared to female Division-I athletes (p = 0.015, ES = 0.83). There was no significant group-by-sex interaction (p = 0.84), group effect (p = 0.35), or sex effect (p = 0.43) for the DCCS.

Conclusions
Female Division-I athletes demonstrated poorer performance on the FICA compared to male Division-I athletes and recreational female athletes which may indicate a decreased ability to suppress motor responses caused by internal or external distractions. The significance of these findings for mitigating injury risk and improving athletic performance should be explored.
Super LeArner Prediction of NAb Panels (SLAPNAP): a containerized tool for predicting combination monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibody sensitivity
Authors: Williamson Brian D , Magaret Craig A , Gilbert Peter B , Nizam Sohail , Simmons Courtney , Benkeser David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
A single monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) regimen was recently evaluated in two randomized trials for prevention efficacy against HIV-1 infection. Subsequent trials will evaluate combination bnAb regimens (e.g. cocktails, multi-specific antibodies), which demonstrate higher potency and breadth in vitro compared to single bnAbs. Given the large number of potential regimens, methods for down-selecting these regimens into efficacy trials are of great interest.

Results
We developed Super LeArner Prediction of NAb Panels (SLAPNAP), a software tool for training and evaluating machine learning models that predict in vitro neutralization sensitivity of HIV Envelope (Env) pseudoviruses to a given single or combination bnAb regimen, based on Env amino acid sequence features. SLAPNAP also provides measures of variable importance of sequence features. By predicting bnAb coverage of circulating sequences, SLAPNAP can improve ranking of bnAb regimens by their potential prevention efficacy. In addition, SLAPNAP can improve sieve analysis by defining sequence features that impact bnAb prevention efficacy.

Availabilityand implementation
SLAPNAP is a freely available docker image that can be downloaded from DockerHub (https://hub.docker.com/r/slapnap/slapnap). Source code and documentation are available at GitHub (https://github.com/benkeser/slapnap and https://benkeser.github.io/slapnap/).
Cheats, Threats and Reflexivity: Organizational Narratives on Policing Organized and Economic Crime
Authors: Vestby Annette 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Drawing on narrative criminology and sensemaking theory, this paper explores interpretive patterns in an interagency policing collaboration that targets ‘work-related crime’ (WRC). WRC is a policy term denoting organized crime and economic offences (i.e. tax evasion, benefits fraud, labour exploitation and immigration law offences) and is framed as a threat to the viability of the welfare state. While the concept signals an intent to coordinate across agencies, policing takes place within local and institutional contexts. How do agents in the police and collaborating agencies render the policy concept ‘work-related crime’ meaningful and actionable? The study articulates three organizational narratives explaining WRC as fundamental criminogenic change, as stability and as a reflexive product of the control apparatus.
Dirty Work? Policing Online Indecency in Digital Forensics
Authors: Wilson-Kovacs Dana , Rappert Brian , Redfern Lauren 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
More than 80 per cent of the work undertaken by digital forensics examiners deals with images of sexual abuse of children. While a growing body of literature analyses the emotional dimensions of coping with such material and the need to minimize exposure to it, less attention has been given to the day-to-day organizational arrangements in which such images are processed. Using ethnographic observations and interviews with practitioners, police officers and senior managers in four constabularies in England, this article examines the tension-ridden place for managing extensive contact with indecent images of children and argues that despite handling of transgressive material, digital forensic examiners distance themselves from imputations of being ‘dirty’ workers.
Predicting neurological recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury by time-resolved analysis of monocyte subsets
Authors: Heller Raban Arved , Seelig Julian , Crowell Helena Lucia , Pilz Maximilian , Haubruck Patrick , Sun Qian , Schomburg Lutz , Daniel Volker , Moghaddam Arash , Biglari Bahram 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Monocytes and lymphocytes elicit crucial activities for the regenerative processes after various types of injury. The survival of neurons exposed to mechanical and oxidative stress after traumatic spinal cord injury depends on a multitude of factors. In this study, we sought to evaluate a correlation between remission after traumatic spinal cord injury and the dynamics of monocyte subsets in respect to the lymphocytes’ responsive potential, cytokine expression, patterns of trace element concentration and clinical covariates.
We examined prospectively 18 (three female, 15 male) patients after traumatic spinal cord injury. Blood samples were drawn at admission and 4 h, 9 h, 12 h, 1 and 3 days as well as 1 and 2 weeks and 1, 2 and 3 months after the trauma. Analysis of cytokines (CCL2, IL-10, enolase 2, CXCL12, TGF-β1, TGF-β2) was performed using a multiplex cytokine panel. Plasma trace element concentrations of selenium, copper and zinc were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis; neopterin, selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and ceruloplasmin (CP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; and selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) by luminometric immunoassay. The responsive potential of lymphocytes was assessed using transformation tests. The monocyte subsets (classical, intermediate, and non-classical) and expression of CD14, CD16, CXCR4 and intracellular IL-10 were identified using a multi-colour flow cytometry analysis.
The dynamics of the cluster of intermediate CD14−/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes differed significantly between patients with an absence of neurological remission (G0) from those with an improvement (G1) by 1 or 2 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) steps (Kruskal-Wallis Test, P = 0.010, G0 &lt; G1, AIS+: 1 &lt; G1, AIS+: 2) in the first 24 h. These dynamics were associated inversely with an increase in enolase and SELENBP1 14 days after the injury.
In the elastic net regularized model, we identified an association between the increase of a subpopulation of intermediate CD14−/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes and exacerbated immune response within 24 h after the injury. These findings were reflected in the consistently elevated response to mitogen stimulation of the lymphocytes of patients with significant neurological remission. Early elevated concentrations of CD14−/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes were related to higher odds of CNS regeneration and enhanced neurological remission. The cluster dynamics of CD14−/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes in the early-acute phase after the injury revealed a maximum of prognostic information regarding neurological remission (mean parameter estimate: 0.207; selection count: 818/1000 repetitions).
We conclude that early dynamics in monocyte subsets allow a good prediction of recovery from traumatic spinal cord injury.
Sex Chromosome Dosage Effects on White Matter Structure in the Human Brain
Authors: Warling Allysa , Yavi Mani , Clasen Liv S , Blumenthal Jonathan D , Lalonde François M , Raznahan Armin , Liu Siyuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sex chromosome aneuploidies, a group of neurogenetic conditions characterized by aberrant sex chromosome dosage (SCD), are associated with increased risks for psychopathology as well as alterations in gray matter structure. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of potential SCD-associated changes in white matter structure, or knowledge of how these changes might relate to known alterations in gray matter anatomy. Thus, here, we use voxel-based morphometry on structural neuroimaging data to provide the first comprehensive maps of regional white matter volume (WMV) changes across individuals with varying SCD (n = 306). We show that mounting X- and Y-chromosome dosage are both associated with widespread WMV decreases, including in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar tracts, as well as WMV increases in the genu of the corpus callosum and posterior thalamic radiation. We also correlate X- and Y-chromosome-linked WMV changes in certain regions to measures of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Finally, we demonstrate that SCD-driven WMV changes show a coordinated coupling with SCD-driven gray matter volume changes. These findings represent the most complete maps of X- and Y-chromosome effects on human white matter to date, and show how such changes connect to psychopathological symptoms and gray matter anatomy.