bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telehealth in paediatric occupational therapy: a scoping review
Authors: Önal Gözde , Güney Güleser , Gün Fatma , Huri Meral 
Published: August 2021

Background/Aims This study reviewed the use of telehealth in paediatric occupational therapy practice and its clinical outcomes over the past 20 years. Methods A scoping review following Arksey and O'Malley's five stages was undertaken using six databases and Google Scholar. The scoping review covered articles from January 2000 to April 2020. Results A total of 22 articles were reviewed. Most studies indicated positive outcomes of using telehealth in paediatric occupational therapy practice. Although there is insufficient evidence, the results indicated that telehealth can be more effective than face-to-face interventions when there are mobility or travel challenges for children. Conclusions The use of telehealth in paediatric occupational therapy is an alternative service delivery model, facilitating access for children and their families to the rehabilitation services. Further research is needed to address the difficulties and potential solutions to expand the use of telehealth services to help children with disadvantages alongside their families.
Variation of synovial fluid leucocyte cell count and polymorphonuclear percentage in patients with aseptic revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Kirchhoff Felix , Reichel Heiko , Perka Carsten , Faschingbauer Martin , Gwinner Clemens 
Published: August 2021

Aims Current guidelines consider analyses of joint aspirates, including leucocyte cell count (LC) and polymorphonuclear percentage (PMN%) as a diagnostic mainstay of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). It is unclear if these parameters are subject to a certain degree of variability over time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of LC and PMN% in patients with aseptic revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods We conducted a prospective, double-centre study of 40 patients with 40 knee joints. Patients underwent joint aspiration at two different time points with a maximum period of 120 days in between these interventions and without any events such as other joint aspirations or surgeries. The main indications for TKA revision surgery were aseptic implant loosening (n = 24) and joint instability (n = 11). Results Overall, 80 synovial fluid samples of 40 patients were analyzed. The average time period between the joint aspirations was 50 days (SD 32). There was a significantly higher percentage change in LC when compared to PMN% (44.1% (SD 28.6%) vs 27.3% (SD 23.7%); p = 0.003). When applying standard definition criteria, LC counts were found to skip back and forth between the two time points with exceeding the thresholds in up to 20% of cases, which was significantly more compared to PMN% for the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS) criteria (p = 0.001), as well as for Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) (p = 0.029). Conclusion LC and PMN% are subject to considerable variation. According to its higher interindividual variance, LC evaluation might contribute to false-positive or false-negative results in PJI assessment. Single LC testing prior to TKA revision surgery seems to be insufficient to exclude PJI. On the basis of the obtained results, PMN% analyses overrule LC measurements with regard to a conclusive diagnostic algorithm. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):566–572.
Single-detecting-path high-resolution displacement sensor based onself-interference effect of a single submicrometer grating
Authors: Qi Jie , Gong Meimei , Xie Kunyang , Cao Bin , Jin Liming , Tang Weiping , Zhang Rui , Jin Li , Zhou Yanru , Li Mengwei , Xin Chenguang 
Published: August 2021

On the basis of the self-interference effect between

±
1

st-order diffraction beams from a
single optical submicrometer grating, we demonstrate a
single-detecting-path optical displacement sensor with high
resolution. Using a quadrant optoelectronic detector, a
single-detecting-path system without any wave plates is realized
experimentally. Combined with an interpolation circuit, we demonstrate
the system for displacement measurement within a range of 200 µm. The
results indicate a detecting sensitivity of 905.4°/µm and an accuracy
of

±
1

.

9

µ

m

. It is worth mentioning that,
considering a maximum subdividing factor of 9674 used in experiment,
the resolution goes down to 41.1 pm in principle. We demonstrate a
compact optical sensor with high resolution, which is promising in
developing miniaturized displacement systems.
Planar light-wave circuit-based switchable
LP11a–LP11b mode
rotator
Authors: Memon Areez Khalil , Song Qianqian , Wu Jieyun , Chen Kaixin , Shahzadi Mahnoor 
Published: August 2021

A simple planar light-wave circuit-based switchable

L
P

11

a

−

L
P

11

b

mode rotator for reconfigurable mode division multiplexing is proposed, which consists of a polymer waveguide and an electrode heater located on the waveguide. Because of the asymmetric refractive index distribution in the horizontal and vertical directions, induced by the thermo-optic effect, mode rotation between the

L
P

11

a

and

L
P

11

b

modes can be achieved when the heater is ON but there can be no mode rotation when the heater is OFF. Numerical simulations show that our well-designed mode rotator with optical polymer materials, which has a length of 2750 µm, can achieve a mode conversion efficiency (MCE) larger than 84% over the entire

C

+

L

band (1530–1610 nm) and a maximum MCE of 96% at 1550 nm. The switching electric power is 161.5 mW. The calculated temperature within the waveguide core is from 186°C (close to the heater) to 86°C (away from the heater).
Closed aperture CW Z-scan of L-tryptophan for determination of optical nonlinearity in the thermal regime
Authors: Tarek S. A. , Faruque S. B. , Sharafuddin S. M. , Hasan K. M. E. , Hossain A. K. M. M. , Ara H. , Biswas M. K. , Haque Y. 
Published: August 2021

The closed aperture continuous wave Z-scan of L-tryptophan at 661 nm
was performed to investigate the variation of on-axis nonlinear phase
shift

(

Δ

Φ
0

)

with the change of optical field
strength.

Δ

Φ
0

was found to vary nonlinearly with
irradiance (

I
0

)

in the range from 150 to

290

M
W

/

m

2

. This nonlinear variation is
explained by considering the effect of linear and nonlinear absorption
of radiation on the thermo-optical refractive index. Using the
quadratic fitting of

Δ

Φ
0

with

I
0

, we have found the thermo-optic
coefficient of refractive index

d
n

/

d
T

, thermal coefficient of nonlinear
refractive index

n
2
T

, and the nonlinear absorption
coefficient

β

in the observed power
regime.
Offene Verwaltungsdaten zur Wirkung bringen: Was sind die Schlüssel zum Erfolg?
Authors: Neumann Oliver , Mettler Tobias 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung schreitet auch im öffentlichen Sektor immer weiter voran. Ein wichtiger Aspekt der Verwaltungsdigitalisierung in vielen Ländern ist die Bereitstellung von Verwaltungsdaten als Open Government Data (OGD), auf Deutsch offene Verwaltungsdaten, denn öffentliche Organisationen produzieren und sammeln oft grosse Mengen an Daten und sind gleichzeitig zur Transparenz verpflichtet. Vermehrt stellt sich jedoch die Frage, wie offene Verwaltungsdaten auch über die Transparenz hinaus eine positive Wirkung im Sinne des Gemeinwohls leisten können und wie dies gefördert werden könnte. Im vorliegenden diskursiven Beitrag beschäftigen wir uns daher in drei Schritten mit den Voraussetzungen und Erfolgsfaktoren der Wirkungserzeugung durch offene Verwaltungsdaten. Erstens diskutieren wir, wie offene Verwaltungsdaten optimal publiziert werden können, so dass sie möglichst einfach von Dritten gefunden, gelesen und weiterbearbeitet werden können. Zweitens besprechen wir, was Wirkung in Bezug auf offene Verwaltungsdaten bedeutet, welche Arten von Wirkung unterschieden werden können und welche Mechanismen potenziell zu Wirkung führen. Drittens fokussieren wir noch spezifisch auf das Instrument der Innovationswettbewerbe, wie beispielsweise Hackathons, als möglichen Schlüssel zum Erfolg. Da öffentliche Organisationen sich vermehrt an solchen Veranstaltungen engagieren, geben wir einige konkrete Empfehlungen für die Vorbereitung und Teilnahme an diesen doch etwas besonderen Wettbewerben, bevor wir ein Fazit ziehen.
Predictive values for different cancers and inflammatory bowel disease of 6 common abdominal symptoms among more than 1.9 million primary care patients in the UK: A cohort study
Authors: Herbert Annie , Rafiq Meena , Pham Tra My , Renzi Cristina , Abel Gary A. , Price Sarah , Hamilton Willie , Petersen Irene , Lyratzopoulos Georgios 
Published: August 2021

Background
The diagnostic assessment of abdominal symptoms in primary care presents a challenge. Evidence is needed about the positive predictive values (PPVs) of abdominal symptoms for different cancers and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods and findings
Using data from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) in the United Kingdom (2000–2017), we estimated the PPVs for diagnosis of (i) cancer (overall and for different cancer sites); (ii) IBD; and (iii) either cancer or IBD in the year post-consultation with each of 6 abdominal symptoms: dysphagia (n = 86,193 patients), abdominal bloating/distension (n = 100,856), change in bowel habit (n = 106,715), rectal bleeding (n = 235,094), dyspepsia (n = 517,326), and abdominal pain (n = 890,490). The median age ranged from 54 (abdominal pain) to 63 years (dysphagia and change in bowel habit); the ratio of women/men ranged from 50%:50% (rectal bleeding) to 73%:27% (abdominal bloating/distension). Across all studied symptoms, the risk of diagnosis of cancer and the risk of diagnosis of IBD were of similar magnitude, particularly in women, and younger men. Estimated PPVs were greatest for change in bowel habit in men (4.64% cancer and 2.82% IBD) and for rectal bleeding in women (2.39% cancer and 2.57% IBD) and lowest for dyspepsia (for cancer: 1.41% men and 1.03% women; for IBD: 0.89% men and 1.00% women). Considering PPVs for specific cancers, change in bowel habit and rectal bleeding had the highest PPVs for colon and rectal cancer; dysphagia for esophageal cancer; and abdominal bloating/distension (in women) for ovarian cancer. The highest PPVs of abdominal pain (either sex) and abdominal bloating/distension (men only) were for non-abdominal cancer sites. For the composite outcome of diagnosis of either cancer or IBD, PPVs of rectal bleeding exceeded the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE)-recommended specialist referral threshold of 3% in all age–sex strata, as did PPVs of abdominal pain, change in bowel habit, and dyspepsia, in those aged 60 years and over. Study limitations include reliance on accuracy and completeness of coding of symptoms and disease outcomes.

Conclusions
Based on evidence from more than 1.9 million patients presenting in primary care, the findings provide estimated PPVs that could be used to guide specialist referral decisions, considering the PPVs of common abdominal symptoms for cancer alongside that for IBD and their composite outcome (cancer or IBD), taking into account the variable PPVs of different abdominal symptoms for different cancers sites. Jointly assessing the risk of cancer or IBD can better support decision-making and prompt diagnosis of both conditions, optimising specialist referrals or investigations, particularly in women.
Clinical outcomes and outcome measurement tools reported in randomised controlled trials of treatment for snakebite envenoming: A systematic review
Authors: Abouyannis Michael , Aggarwal Dinesh , Lalloo David G. , Casewell Nicholas R. , Hamaluba Mainga , Esmail Hanif 
Published: August 2021

Background
Snakebite is a priority neglected tropical disease and causes a range of complications that vary depending on the snake species. Randomised clinical trials have used varied outcome measures that do not allow results to be compared or combined. In accordance with the Core Outcomes Measurements in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) initiative, this systematic review aims to support the development of a globally relevant core outcome set for snakebite.

Methods
All randomised controlled trials, secondary analyses of randomised controlled trials and study protocols investigating the efficacy of therapeutics for human snakebite envenoming were eligible for inclusion. Study screening and data extraction were conducted in duplicate by two independent reviewers. All primary and secondary outcome measures were extracted and compiled, as were adverse event outcome measures. Similar outcome measures were grouped into domains. The study was prospectively registered with PROSPERO: CRD42020196160.

Results
This systematic review included 43 randomised controlled trials, two secondary analyses and 13 study protocols. A total of 382 outcome measures were extracted and, after duplicates were merged, there were 153 unique outcomes. The most frequently used outcome domain (‘venom antigenaemia’) was included in less than one third of the studies. The unique outcomes were classified into 60 outcome domains. Patient-centred outcomes were used in only three of the studies.

Discussion
Significant heterogeneity in outcome measures exists in snakebite clinical trials. Consensus is needed to select outcome measures that are valid, reliable, patient-centred and feasible. The results of this systematic review strongly support the development of a core outcome set for use in snakebite clinical trials.
Can functional walk tests add value to the prediction of cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke? A prospective cohort study
Authors: Gunnes Mari , Aksetøy Inger-Lise Aamot , Follestad Turid , Indredavik Bent , Askim Torunn 
Published: August 2021

Background
Cardiorespiratory fitness is often impaired following stroke, and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) is an important prognostic value of all-cause mortality. The primary objective was to investigate whether functional walk tests assessed in the subacute phase after stroke added value in predicting VO2peak in chronic stroke, in addition to age, sex and functional dependency. Secondary objectives were to investigate associations between daily physical activity and functional walk tests, and with VO2peak in chronic stroke.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included eligible participants originally included in the randomized controlled trial Life After Stroke. Functional walk tests, i.e., six-minute walk test (6MWT) and maximal gait speed, were assessed at inclusion and 18 months later. VO2peak [ml/kg/min] was assessed by a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill 20 months after inclusion. Daily physical activity was measured by a uniaxial accelerometer (activPAL) at 18-month follow-up.

Results
Ninety-two community-dwelling individuals, with a mean (SD) age of 69.2 (10.6) years and 33 (35.9%) women, were included 3 months after stroke onset. Eighty-three (90.2%) participants had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or 2, indicating functional independence. An overall assessment of four prediction models indicated the combination of age, sex, mRS and 6MWT as predictors to be the best fitted model in predicting VO2peak (adjusted R2 = 0.612). Secondary results showed statistically significant, but not clinically significant, associations between daily physical activity and functional walk tests, and with VO2peak.

Conclusions
6MWT add significant value to the prediction of mean VO2peak in the chronic phase in mild strokes, in combination with age, sex and functional dependency. This prediction model may facilitate clinical decisions and rehabilitation strategies for mildly affected stroke survivors in risk of low levels of VO2peak. Future studies should validate the model in various stages after stroke and in patients moderately and severely affected.
Normalisation process theory and the implementation of a new glaucoma clinical pathway in hospital eye services: Perspectives of doctors, nurses and optometrists
Authors: Read Simon , Morgan James , Gillespie David , Nollett Claire , Weiss Marjorie , Allen Davina , Anderson Pippa , Waterman Heather 
Published: August 2021

Background
Normalisation process theory reports the importance of contextual integration in successfully embedding novel interventions, with recent propositions detailing the role that ‘plasticity’ of intervention components and ‘elasticity’ of an intended setting contribute. We report on the introduction of a clinical pathway assessing patient non-responsiveness to treatment for glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of implementing the Cardiff Model of Glaucoma Care into hospital eye services, identifying any issues of acceptability for staff through the filter of normalisation process theory.

Methods
A prospective observational study was undertaken in four hospital eye services. This incorporated detailed qualitative semi-structured interviews with staff (n = 8) to gather their perceptions on the intervention’s usefulness and practicality. In addition, observational field notes of patient and staff consultations (n = 88) were collected, as well as broader organisational observations from within the research sites (n = 52). Data collection and analysis was informed by the normalisation process theory framework.

Results
Staff reported the pathway led to beneficial knowledge on managing patient treatment, but the model was sometimes perceived as overly prescriptive. This perception varied significantly based on the composition of clinics in relation to staff experience, staff availability and pre-existing clinical structures. The most commonly recounted barrier came in contextually integrating into sites where wider administrative systems were inflexible to intervention components.

Conclusions
Flexibility will be the key determinant of whether the clinical pathway can progress to wider implementation. Addressing the complexity and variation associated with practice between clinics required a remodelling of the pathway to maintain its central benefits but enhance its plasticity. Our study therefore helps to confirm propositions developed in relation to normalisation process theory, contextual integration, intervention plasticity, and setting elasticity. This enables the transferability of findings to healthcare settings other than ophthalmology, where any novel intervention is implemented.
Unmet need for family planning among reproductive-age women living with HIV in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kefale Bereket , Adane Bezawit , Damtie Yitayish , Arefaynie Mastewal , Yalew Melaku , Andargie Assefa , Addisu Elsabeth 
Published: August 2021

Background
Closing the gap of unmet for family planning is crucial to eliminate new pediatric HIV infections likewise to improve maternal and child health among reproductive-age women living with HIV. However, studies conducted on unmet need for family planning among reproductive-age women living with HIV showed inconsistent and non-conclusive findings on the magnitude of the problem. Moreover, there was no meta-analysis conducted in this area. So this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence unmet need for family planning among reproductive-age women living with HIV in Ethiopia.

Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed to review both published and unpublished studies in Ethiopia. All studies in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Hinari, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and Global Health databases were searched. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14 software. The heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using the I2 statistics and Egger regression asymmetry test, respectively. Forest plots were used to present the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
This review included 7 studies, and 3333 study participants. The pooled prevalence of unmet need for family planning among reproductive-age women living with HIV in Ethiopia was 25.13% (95%CI: 19.97, 30.29). The pooled prevalence of unmet need for spacing and limiting was 13.91% (95%CI: 10.11, 17.72) and 9.11% (95%CI: 6.43, 11.78), respectively.

Conclusions
One-fourths of reproductive-age women living with HIV had an unmet need for family planning. A variety of programmatic investments are needed to achieve more meaningful progress toward the reduction of unmet need for family planning among reproductive-age women living with HIV.
Keep Law Alive
Authors: White James Boyd 
Published: August 2021

An account of the author’s recent book, Keep Law Alive, including: an assessment of the dangers which threaten law and the democracy it depends upon; an analysis of the ethically and intellectually praiseworthy methods and traditions law once enjoyed, using as examples the Model Penal Code, a pair of judicial opinions by Justice Holmes, and an essay on affirmative action; the elaboration of a way of thinking about law not as rules or policy or theory but as an inherently unstable but crucially important structure of thought and expression; and finally some attention to the question, how we might resist the corruption of law and, failing that, and using Augustine as an example, how we might live with its loss.
Overview of the Dermatology department at HUEH during the month of June 2021
Authors: DESRAVINES Ansly Jefferson , Jean Paul Axler , De Laleu Medgyne , Forestal Cristel Elena 
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Few epidemiological data on skin disease are available in Haiti. Moreover, it is a specialty poorly known by our population. The aim is to draw up the epidemiological overview of the HUEH Dermatology department.

Methodology

This is a simple descriptive analysis of patients saw in the first consultation at the HUEH dermatology department during our visit. Data were collected from the register of the outpatient clinic. 367 patients from June 1 to June 30, 2021, were collected. The variables studied were gender, age, diagnosis, and outcome. We have used for this work Microsoft Excel, SPSS, Microsoft Word, and Microsoft Powerpoint softwares.

Results

Mean age of our patients was 23.19 ±17.07 years, with extremes of 1 month and 88 years. The most represented age range was [19-65] years, representing 55.9% of our population. There was a predominance of females (61.9%) over males (38.1%) with a sex ratio of 0.61.
The 5 main diagnoses were Sarcoptosis 97 cases (26.4%), Eczema, grouping 5 types, 35 cases (9.5%), Acne 30 cases (8.2%), Dermatophytosis 21 cases (5,7%), Ringworm 18 cases (4.9%).
Among sarcoptosis patients, 39.2% were in the [19-65] age group and 53.6% were women. For those with Eczema, the age group [19-65] was still the most represented with 57.1%, and 60% were women. There were no patients older than 65 years with eczema. Regarding patients with Acne, 80% were in the [19-65] age group with 83.3% women. As for patients with dermatophytosis, 71.4% were in the [19-65] age group and 81% was women. The last most frequent skin disease was ringworm with 61.1% of patients aged [5-18] years and 77.8% of these were males. 99.45% of patients were seen as outpatients.

Conclusion

Parasitic and mycotic skin diseases are the main diagnosed diseases at the HUEH Dermatology Department during our period. Women from 19 to 65 years (pillar of the national economy) are the most affected by sarcoptosis (53.6%), eczema (60%), acne (83%), and dermatophytes (81%). Note that male children represent 77.8% of ringworm cases. We couldn’t talk about women’s health without a dermatological perspective. Hence the need to integrate dermatological pathologies into prevention and health promotion policies. More extensive observations are needed for a better profile of the epidemiology of skin diseases in Haiti.