bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing the EU Directive 2017/541 on Combating Terrorism in a Sustainable Balance Between Efficiency, Security and Rights: The Case Study of the Participation to a Terrorist Group
Authors: Morgante Gaetana , De Paolis Roberta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEU Directive 2017/541 led to a sort of Copernican revolution in the definition of the system to combat international terrorism. There is not only the definition of the guidelines for a coherent system to combat the phenomenon, but it is explicitly envisaged the need for a compliance with fundamental freedoms, breaking the widespread idea that security and rights cannot coexist in a balanced system. The analysis of the national implementation of international and European legal framework returns the image of domestic systems strongly influenced by the past forms of terrorism experienced at a domestic level. From this point of view, the case-study of the definition of the crime of participation in a terrorist group in the Italian system appears to be paradigmatic of the aforementioned need to find a sustainable balance between the effectiveness of the response and the protection of fundamental rights and guarantees. The experience in the field of political terrorism but above all of mafia-type associations allowed doctrine and jurisprudence to rely on an already mature elaboration of the constitutive elements of the crime even if it was necessary to evaluate the peculiarities of the terrorist phenomenon. Unlike the mafia-type association, the terrorist group is much moreliquidas it is not based on a rigid structure divided into roles but on networks active at transnational level and resulting from the connection between different autonomous cells. As a result Italian case law, not differently from what happened in other national systems, has been oriented to a strong enhancement of the psychological element in the forms of personal adherence to the ideology of Jihad and to a wide application of the crime of participation even in presence of hardly appreciable contributions from a material point of view. These forms of extensive interpretation – also derived from guidelines developed in the context of mafia-type associations and forms of so-called external conspiracy – has not only driven to forms of “subjectivization” of the crime but made participation in a terrorist group the attractive black hole of all minor hypotheses of non-associative offenses. Through the reference to the Italian experience and some solutions adopted by jurisprudence, this article aims at assuming how the use – or better the history repeating – of the classic causation model could be a useful solution to recover the legality of the crime of participation and to restore autonomous space for the application of the minor hypotheses already provided by the same Directives 541/2017 in a sustainable balance between collective security and protection of fundamental principles.
Adaptive process for improving leaching efficiency of germanium from secondary zinc oxide
Authors: Zhu Yingxu , Deng Zhigan , Wei Chang , Yang Yuan , Sun Pu , Li Xingbin , Li Minting , Fan Gang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Adaptive process was used to treat germanium-containing secondary zinc oxide. The leaching parameters were determined by batch experiment, and continuous experiment was conducted and the stability of the process was verified. The leaching efficiency of Zn and Ge in the batch experiments were 92.51 and 90.67%, respectively, while the leaching efficiencies of Zn and Ge in the continuous experiment were 93.53 and 88.47%, respectively. In the neutralization process, the Fe3+ concentration in the neutralized solution is within 0.025 g/L. The Fe2+in the leaching solution increased gradually, as the neutralized residue was returned to the leaching process, the Zn in leaching residue reduce and the leaching efficiency of Zn increased. The residue mainly contained zinc sulfide and lead sulfate, with some fluffy structures on the surface. The process is promising for industrial application from indicators, economy, and applicability.
Analysis and evaluation of two short-term load forecasting techniques
Authors: Panda Saroj Kumar , Ray Papia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Short-term load forecasting (STLF) is very important for an efficient operation of the power system because the exact and stable load forecasting brings good results to the power system. This manuscript presents the application of two new models in STLF i.e. Cross multi-models and second decision mechanism and Residential load forecasting in smart grid using deep neural network models. In the cross multi-model and second decision mechanism method, the horizontal and longitudinal load characteristics are useful for the construction of the model with the calculation of the total load. The dataset for this model is considered from Maine in New England, Singapore, and New South Wales of Australia. While, In the residential load forecasting method, the Spatio-temporal correlation technique is used for the construction of the iterative ResBlock and deep neural network which helps to give the characteristics of residential load with the use of a publicly available Redd dataset. The performances of the proposed models are calculated by the Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Error, and Mean Absolute Percentage Error. From the simulation results, it is concluded that the performance of cross multi-model and second decision mechanism is good as compare to the residential load forecasting.
Fast valving automation setting using HRTSim
Authors: Kievets Anton , Gusev Aleksander , Bay Yuly 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
At present, due to the increase and significant complication of the electric power system (EPS), the task of maintaining the stability of the EPS is becoming increasingly important. Due to the fact that, in case of significant disturbances in the EPS, the processes occurring can lead to large synchronous swings of the generating equipment or loss of stability. When disconnecting the intersystem communication or a powerful load in the excess part of the EPS, an emergency excess of generated active power occurs, as a result, the frequency begins to increase, and the load-frequency control system is not able to cope with such an accident, due to its slowness. In this case, it is necessary to use the means of emergency automation to eliminate the surplus of active power. One of the most effective methods is fast valving automation. However, its effectiveness directly depends on the quality of its setting - which is a rather difficult task, since for its implementation, a complete mathematical model of the turbo-generator is required, taking into account its control systems and boiler unit.
Lot’s Wife is Still Standing: In Search of the Pillar of Salt
Authors: Low Katherine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article explores how readers search for Lot’s wife at the shore of the Dead Sea and how they use the pillar of salt as a destination, as a symbol, and as a lasting memorial. Whether Lot’s wife turned into a pillar of salt that travelers to the Dead Sea can visit today is not relevant for this analysis. Spanning many centuries, this reception history of Lot’s wife argues that readers use her for their own interests to address their own cultural concerns. Three chronological areas are addressed for a broad-sweeping coverage of some trends and traditions about Lot’s wife. While the Hebrew text remains ambivalent about memorializing Lot’s wife, Hellenistic Jewish and early Christian sources reveal a concern to remember Lot’s wife in terms of God’s final judgments. The article then turns to medieval Christian travel narratives and maps that use Lot’s wife to mark the borders of Christendom, with pilgrims seeking her amid Crusades-era concerns. Finally, modern sources are discussed that deal with Lot’s wife in terms of symbolizing sexual trauma, deviance, and danger. Gender theory and queer theory are utilized in the article as secondary ideological lenses through which to engage reception history. What results is a complex picture regarding how people use Lot’s wife to negotiate boundaries, engage biblical myth, and further their own agendas.
Receiving the Word in Image: Federico Zuccaro’sthe Annunciation Broadcast by Prophets(1565) and the Reception History of the Bible in the Counter-Reformation
Authors: Church Chloe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Annunciation Broadcast by Prophets (1565) was an altarpiece created by Federico Zuccaro (1541–1609) for the Church of the Annunciation, Rome. It was the first image commissioned by the Order of the Jesuits, a movement involved in propagating the objectives of the Counter-Reformation Church. Altarpieces were particularly effective points of communication between the Catholic Church and the lay beholder, and used visual exegesis as a means to communicate appropriated receptions of biblical texts. The intimate connection that these objects have to their theological and political context marks them as significant moments of biblical reception, that have, up to this point, been overlooked by historians in the field. This article identifies the broader lacuna in scholarship surrounding the reception history of the Bible during the Counter-Reformation. Whilst this is due to a preference for studies of the Bible in the Protestant Reformation, the lack of scholarly investment poorly reflects the relevance of the Counter-Reformation period to the reception-historical methodology. The context prioritized the interpretation of the Bible through the lens of Church tradition, or in other words, the history of the Bible’s reception. This affinity is echoed in the reception-historical approach found in contemporary biblical scholarship, creating a hermeneutical link between the two contexts. Visual culture was a valuable expression of Counter-Reformation rhetoric and visualized the mediation of biblical texts through Church tradition. This article uses Zuccaro’s altarpiece as a tool to argue this hypothesis and postulate the intimate relationship maintained between texts and their reception in Counter-Reformation Catholicism.
Non-invasive prenatal diagnostics (NIPD) in the system of medical care. Ethical and legal issues
Authors: Huster Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe procedures of prenatal and preimplantation diagnostics are discussed critically again and again in our community. In addition to the permanently controversial issues of embryo protection and abortion, considerations that discrimination on the basis of disability could occur with problematic consequences also for already born people with disabilities and their relatives now play a central role.
Sanskritization in Pāli
Authors: Levman Bryan G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article continues the discussion on the nature of the early language of Buddhism and the language that the Buddha spoke, arguing that the received Pāli transmission evolved out of an earlier Middle Indic idiom, which is identified as akoine. Evidence for thiskoinecan be found by examining correspondence sets within Pāli and its various varieties and by examining parallel, cognate correspondence sets between Pāli and other Prakrits which have survived. This article compares 30 correspondence sets transmitted in theDhammapadarecensions: the Gāndhārī Prakrit verses, the partially Sanskritized Pāli and PatnaDhammapadaPrakrit verses, and the fully Sanskritized verses of theUdānavarga. By comparing cognate words, it demonstrates the existence of an underlying inter-language which in many cases can be shown to be the source of the phonological differences in the transmission. The paper includes a discussion on the two major factors of dialect change, evolution with variation over time, and the diffusionary, synchronic influence of dialect variation; it concludes that both are important, with dialect variation – and the phonological constraints of indigenous speakers who adopted MI as a second language – providing the pathways on which the natural evolutionary process was channeled.
Crystal structure of 6-(quinolin-8-yl)benzo[a]phenanthridin-5(6H)-one, C26H16N2O
Authors: Li Chuan-Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
C26H16N2O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.3329(2) Å, b = 12.9276(2) Å, c = 12.11250(10) Å, β = 114.047(2)°, V = 1763.55(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0416, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1137, T = 293(2) K.
Miscible blend polyethersulfone/polyimide asymmetric membrane crosslinked with 1,3-diaminopropane for hydrogen separation
Authors: Abdul Nasir Nur’ Adilah , Ahmed Alshaghdari Ameen Gabr , Junaidi Mohd Usman Mohd , Hashim Nur Awanis , Rabuni Mohamad Fairus , Rohani Rosiah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Efficient purification technology is crucial to fully utilize hydrogen (H2) as the next generation fuel source. Polyimide (PI) membranes have been intensively applied for H2 purification but its current separation performance of neat PI membranes is insufficient to fulfill industrial demand. This study employs blending and crosslinking modification simultaneously to enhance the separation efficiency of a membrane. Polyethersulfone (PES) and Co-PI (P84) blend asymmetric membranes have been prepared via dry–wet phase inversion with three different ratios. Pure H2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas permeation are conducted on the polymer blends to find the best formulation for membrane composition for effective H2 purification. Next, the membrane with the best blending ratio is chemically modified using 1,3-diaminopropane (PDA) with variable reaction time. Physical and chemical characterization of all membranes was evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Upon 15 min modification, the polymer membrane achieved an improvement on H2/CO2 selectivity by 88.9%. Moreover, similar membrane has demonstrated the best performance as it has surpassed Robeson’s upper bound curve for H2/CO2 gas pair performance. Therefore, this finding is significant towards the development of H2-selective membranes with improved performance.
Bio-based polyhydroxyalkanoates blends and composites
Authors: Madbouly Samy A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are linear semicrystalline polyesters produced naturally by a wide range of microorganisms for carbon and energy storage. PHAs can be used as replacements for petroleum-based polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in many industrial applications due to their biodegradability, excellent barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties. The overall industrial applications of PHAs are still very limited due to the high production cost and high stiffness and brittleness. Therefore, new novel cost-effective production method must be considered for the new generation of PHAs. One approach is based on using different type feedstocks and biowastes including food byproducts and industrial and manufacturing wastes, can lead to more competitive and cost-effective PHAs products. Modification of PHAs with different function groups such as carboxylic, hydroxyl, amine, epoxy, etc. is also a relatively new approach to create new functional materials with different industrial applications. In addition, blending PHA with biodegradable materials such as polylactide (PLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), starch, and distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is another approach to address the drawbacks of PHAs and will be summarized in this chapter. A series of compatibilizers with different architectures were successfully synthesized and used to improve the compatibility and interfacial adhesion between PHAs and PCL. Finer morphology and significantly improvement in the mechanical properties of PHA/PCL blends were observed with a certain type of block compatibilizer. In addition, the improvement in the blend morphology and mechanical properties were found to be strongly influenced by the compatibilizer architecture.
Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)
Authors: Burford Ty , Rieg William , Madbouly Samy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), PBAT, is a synthetic and 100% biodegradable polymer based on fossil resources. Most conventional plastics utilized today are produced from petroleum-based products, making them nondecomposable. With polymer manufacturing companies under constant scrutiny due to the effect nondegradable plastics have on the environment, biodegradable polymer production is growing at an exponential rate. However, developing new biodegradable polymers that can maintain the requirements of expected material properties has been a challenge for material manufacturers. When compared to other polymers, PBAT is classified as polyester. Aliphatic polyesters biodegrade efficiently because of ester bonds in the soft chain portion of the polymer. These ester bonds are broken down through hydrolysis, making the polymer degradable in almost any environment. In this chapter, key components of biodegradable PBAT and prominent blends of PBAT will be reviewed and analyzed for suitable end-use applications. This chapter will also provide a general understanding of the chemical composition of PBAT and how the addition of components effect the properties of the material.
Entre el ofrecimiento y la orden: la reproducción de peticiones en secuencias de estilo directo en entrevistas semidirigidas
Authors: Sampedro Mella María 
Published: May 2021

Resumen
La petición es un acto de habla que ha sido ampliamente analizado en la bibliografía del español, especialmente a partir de cuestionarios de uso. En este artículo procedemos a su estudio desde una nueva perspectiva: la reproducción de la petición en el discurso directo. Para llevar a cabo la investigación, se ha recopilado un subcorpus de 112 enunciados de estilo directo que contienen peticiones, procedentes de una muestra de corpus orales de entrevistas semidirigidas del español centro-norte peninsular. Se han distinguido dos tipos de peticiones según su contexto de producción original: por un lado, en situaciones transaccionales y, por otro, en interacciones de proximidad social. A continuación, se han clasificado las estrategias utilizadas en la expresión de este acto de habla entre las más directivas, que hacen que la petición se asemeje a la orden, y las más indirectas, que la aproximan al ofrecimiento. A partir de los datos recopilados, se analiza si se producen variaciones en la expresión de este acto entre ambos tipos de situaciones, y si el contexto comunicativo en el que se reproduce el discurso –la entrevista semidirigida– influye en la expresión, por el interés de los hablantes en proyectar una imagen social de sí mismos más cuidada y formal, acorde a las nuevas circunstancias contextuales.
The Transmission of the Samaritan Pentateuch Group: A New Perspective
Authors: Dayfani Hila 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the transmission process of SP and the texts from which it developed. It evaluates the reliability of the transmission by means of an examination of variants attested in MT and SP attributable to graphic similarity between letters. The paper shows that if one focuses on variants that originated solely in graphic similarity between letters, SP contains primary readings in an equal number of instances as MT. These findings are consistent with the lack of evidence for scribal errors in the pre-Samaritan scrolls. Both indicate that the texts in the Samaritan and pre-Samaritan traditions were carefully transmitted.
Redaction patterns in biblical wisdom literature in light of the instructions of Shuruppak
Authors: Samet Nili 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper examines redactional theories regarding the development of the Book of Proverbs from a comparative perspective. Building on the methodology known as Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism, the paper explores patterns of development and redaction in the Mesopotamian proverb collection The Instructions of Shuruppak, including growth of collections, editorial use of opening and concluding formulas, and religiously-oriented redaction. These, in turn, serve as an illustration for very similar processes hypothesized by Biblicists regarding the development of biblical wisdom collections.
Impact of non-thermal electrons on spatial damping: a kinetic model for the parallel propagating modes
Authors: Sarfraz Muhammad , Abbas Gohar , Farooq Hashim , Zeba I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A sequence of in situ measurements points the presence of non-thermal species in the profile of particle distributions. This study highlights the role of such energetic electrons on the wave-spectrum. Using Vlasov–Maxwell’s model, the dispersion relations of the parallel propagating modes along with the space scale of damping are discussed using non-relativistic bi-Maxwellian and bi-Kappa distribution functions under the weak field approximation, i.e.,

ω
−
k
.
v

>

Ω

0

$\left\vert \omega -\mathbf{k}.\mathbf{v}\right\vert { >}{{\Omega}}_{0}$

. Power series and asymptotic expansions of plasma dispersion functions are performed to derive the modes and spatial damping of waves, respectively. The role of these highly energetic electrons is illustrated on real frequency and anomalous damping of R and L-modes which is in fact controlled by the parameter κ in the dispersion. Further, we uncovered the effect of external magnetic field and thermal anisotropy on such spatial attenuation. In global perspective of the kinetic model, it may be another step.
Dependence of the electrical properties of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles decorated by Ag atoms
Authors: Modwi Abueliz , Taha Kamal K. , Khezami Lotfi , Boudina Mohamed , Khairy Mohamed , Al-Duaij Omer K. , Talab Sarra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Silver decorated copper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag@Cu-ZnO) were successfully prepared via sol gel method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed ZnO wurtzite crystalline structure with the existence of minor peaks attributed to Cu and Ag. The presence of Cu and Ag in addition to ZnO lattice was supplementary verified by EDS data while the shift in the FTIR band confirmed the Cu incorporation within the ZnO host lattice. Both SEM and XRD revealed an increase in particle size with Ag loading. At different frequencies, electrical measurements demonstrated a decrement in the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity with the increment of Ag content. Meanwhile, the Nyquist plots of the impedance measurement showed a single semicircle arc indicating the predominance of grain boundary resistance. This study elucidated the great influence of Ag on Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles’ structural, dielectric constant and electrical conductivity which make it a promising candidate for catalytic, photocatalytic and adsorption applications.
Green synthesis and application of heterogeneous iron oxide based nanoparticles for dairy wastewater treatment by Photo-Fenton processes
Authors: Malakootian Mohammad , Heidari Mohammad Reza 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of heterogeneous Photo-bio-Fenton-like process and adsorption process for phosphorus removal from wastewater. The results showed that both of these processes can reach 98 and 92% removal efficiencies phosphate (P) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), respectively. The findings of kinetic and isotherm studies revealed that data of P removal highly correlated with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. The quenching experiments determined that both hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals are key factors for the removal of contamination and the sulfate radicals were also the dominant radicals.