bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel structured convolution neural network for speech keyword location and recognition: MSS‐Net
Authors: Feng Yongliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLanguage keyword extraction has broad application prospects. Most current keyword search networks are based on speech recognition and text search. This method is helpless for some languages that are difficult to text and cannot locate the location where the keywords appear. A multi‐level structure of speech keyword location and recognition system (MSS‐Net), which can locate the location interval of keywords while recognizing keywords is proposed here. MSS‐Net contains three levels. The first level is the voice start and end detection module, which is responsible for detecting the start and end positions of valid audio. When valid audio is detected, the second level is activated: the keyword detection module. The keyword detection module detects keyword information in the audio signal and locates the keyword position interval. The third level is the keyword recognition module. The system recognizes the detected position interval of the location to obtain specific keyword information. Comparative experiments show that MSS‐Net is more accurate for keyword positioning, with a network recall rate of 94.91% and an accuracy rate of 96.32%, which is better than other network models participating in the experiment. In addition, the network has strong anti‐interference ability, which can achieve good suppression effect for normal life noise. The ablation experiment verified the effect of the hierarchical network structure on the performance of speech recognition tasks.
Challenges in Care of Children with Acute Leukemia in a Government Hospital in India: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Sen Ankita , Chakrabarti Prantar , Baul Shuvra N. , Talukder Asoke K. , Mandal Prakas K. , De Rajib , Dutta Shyamali , Dolai Tuphan K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Acute leukemia (AL) is among the most common treatable cancers in childhood but many children are forced to abandon therapy.
Objective We have explored reasons for treatment abandonment through this study.
Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis from an ongoing registry data of childhood AL patients, where all newly diagnosed AL patients of ≤18 years of age (June 2014–November 2017) were included. Patients >18 years of age, having any history of treatment of AL outside our institute, and/or patients with relapsed AL were excluded. The primary outcome of the study was treatment abandonment rate.
Results A total of 710 AL patients were included in the study, average distance traversed to reach the hospital being 161.66 km. Most children were aged 1 to 10 years (49.4%, n = 351), followed by >10 to 18 years (46.6%, n = 331), and ≤1 year age (3.9%, n = 28). The commonest symptoms were fever (67.4%), pallor (38.6%), bleeding (11.5%), bone pain (13.8%), neck swellings (14.9%), and, rarely, testicular swellings or Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome (1.1%). A high abandonment rate was noted prior to leukemia subtyping (35.2%, n = 250) mostly among males 62% (n = 155) and the 1- to 10-year group 55.6% (n = 139). A total of 460 (64.8%) patients were subsequently subcategorized by immunophenotyping. Precursor B-cell (Pre-B) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in 307 (43.2%) patients was the commonest subtype, followed by early Pre-B ALL (Pro-B ALL) in 10 (1.4%), T-cell ALL (T-ALL) in 51 (7.1%), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in 45 (6.3%), Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APML) in 28 (3.9%), and Mixed Phenotypic Acute Leukemia (MPAL) in 19 (2.6%).
Conclusion The most common group of patients was aged 1 to 10 years (median age: 5 years). An abandonment rate of 35.2% was seen prior to complete diagnostic workup. The reason for this high abandonment, despite good disease prognosis, is a relevant social and health issue, and needs further evaluation. The problems discussed in this study are relevant to lower-income families and areas where health care is not easily accessible. The government agencies, nongovernment organizations and society would need to work together to overcome these issues.
Electrostatics of Conducting Cylinders and Spheres
Authors: Lekner John 
Published: August 2021

Written by a recognized expert in the field, Electrostatics of Conducting Cylinders and Spheres presents the theory in a simple and physical way, beginning with basic principles and moving onto the details of electrostatics of pairs of spheres and of pairs of cylinders. The difficult topic of a finite charged cylinder is also covered. The book presents exact solutions, in closed form where possible, with recent and new results included. Applications to engineering, physical, chemical, and biological problems are also presented.
Key topics include:Fundamentals of the polarizability tensor and capacitance coefficients of an assembly of conductors.Rigorous and thorough theoretical investigation of the electrostatics of spheres and cylinders.Uniform formalism used in the solution for a rich array of problems.
Theoretical and experimental physicists, chemists, and engineers will find this an invaluable reference. It is also suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in electrodynamics.
Assessment of bike handling during cycling individual time trials with a novel analytical technique adapted from motorcycle racing
Authors: Zignoli Andrea , Biral Francesco , Fornasiero Alessandro , Sanders Dajo , Erp Teun Van , Mateo‐March Manuel , Fontana Federico Y. , Artuso Paolo , Menaspà Paolo , Quod Marc , Giorgi Andrea , Laursen Paul B. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTA methodology to study bike handling of cyclists during individual time trials (ITT) is presented. Lateral and longitudinal accelerations were estimated from GPS data of professional cyclists (n = 53) racing in two ITT of different length and technical content. Acceleration points were plotted on a plot (g‐g diagram) and they were enclosed in an ellipse. A correlation analysis was conducted between the area of the ellipse and the final ITT ranking. It was hypothesised that a larger area was associated with a better performance. An analytical model for the bike‐cyclist system dynamics was used to conduct a parametric analysis on the influence of riding position on the shape of the g‐g diagram. A moderate (n = 27, r = −0.40, p = 0.038) and a very large (n = 26, r = −0.83, p < 0.0001) association were found between the area of the enclosing ellipse and the final ranking in the two ITT. Interestingly, this association was larger in the shorter race with higher technical content. The analytical model suggested that maximal decelerations are highly influenced by the cycling position, road slope and speed. This investigation, for the first time, explores a novel methodology that can provide insights into bike handling, a large unexplored area of cycling performance.
Utilization of anti–factor Xa levels to guide reversal of oral factor Xa inhibitors in the emergency department
Authors: Zepeski Anne E , Faine Brett A , Merrill Anna E , Sutamtewagul Grerk , Bhagavathi Sharathkumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Oral factor Xa inhibitors (FXaIs) are increasingly utilized for outpatient anticoagulation therapy; however, laboratory monitoring is not routinely used to assess the safety and efficacy of these agents. We aimed to evaluate the role of chromogenic anti–factor Xa (anti-Xa) assays in the emergency department (ED) in the setting of patients with an acute bleed or requiring emergent procedures.

Methods
A retrospective review of anti-Xa levels obtained in the ED between June 1, 2019, and April 30, 2020, was completed. Data were collected to describe the clinical setting of anti-Xa level collection, oral FXaIs used before admission, administration of reversal agents, and patient disposition to further characterize the role of anti-Xa levels in the management of rivaroxaban and apixaban reversal.

Results
Thirty anti-Xa levels were included in the final analysis. The median time from sample collection to anti-Xa assay result was 45.9 minutes (interquartile range, 35.3-54.7 minutes). Eleven patients (37%) received anticoagulation reversal after their anti-Xa levels were determined. Anticoagulation reversal agents included either activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCCs) or prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs). Anti-Xa levels were collected in 2 patients who had received PCCs before arrival at our ED. Of the patients with anti-Xa levels below 30 ng/mL, none received aPCCs or PCCs after their anti-Xa levels were determined. Anti-Xa assays were used to rule out the presence of FXaIs in 3 patients.

Conclusion
This study illustrates the novel role of anti-Xa levels in managing patients with an emergent need for reversal in the ED. The assay may be used to rule out the presence of oral FXaIs and avoid unnecessary administrations of anticoagulation reversal agents.
Sirt1 and Nrf2: regulation of Leydig cell oxidant/antioxidant intracellular environment and steroid formation†
Authors: Chung Jin-Yong , Chen Haolin , Zirkin Barry 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious studies reported that, with aging, Leydig cell intracellular antioxidants are reduced in concentration and intracellular ROS levels increase, suggesting that oxidant/antioxidant imbalance may contribute to the reduced testosterone production that characterizes the aging cells. As yet, little is known about how the Leydig cell oxidant/antioxidant environment is regulated. Sirt1, an enzyme that deacetylates transcription factors, and the transcription factor Nrf2, have been shown to be associated with cellular response to oxidative stress. We hypothesized that Sirt1 and/or Nrf2 might be involved in regulating the oxidant/antioxidant environment of Leydig cells, and therefore, the testosterone production. We found that Sirt1 and Nrf2 are present in the Leydig cells of Brown Norway rats, though reduced in aged cells. In MA-10 cells in which Sirt1 or Nrf2 were suppressed by nicotinamide (NAM) or ML385, respectively, or in which siRNAs were used for knockdown of Sirt1 or Nrf2, increased ROS levels and decreased progesterone production occurred. In rat Leydig cells, inhibition of Sirt1 by culturing the cells with NAM resulted in increased ROS and reduced testosterone production, and subsequent removal of NAM from the culture medium resulted in increased testosterone production. Activation of rat Leydig cells Sirt1 with honokiol or of Nrf2 with sulforaphane resulted in the maintenance of testosterone production despite the exposure of the cells to oxidizing agent. These results, taken together, suggest that Sirt1 and Nrf2 are involved in maintaining the Leydig cell oxidant/antioxidant environment, and thus in maintaining steroid production.
Multiperspectival Normative Assessment: The Case of Mediated Reactions to Terrorism
Authors: Wessler Hartmut , Althaus Scott L , Chan Chung-hong , Jungblut Marc , Welbers Kasper , van Atteveldt Wouter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article provides a model for how communication phenomena can be normatively assessed using multiple normative perspectives simultaneously. We exemplify the procedure of multiperspectival normative assessment (MNA) using mediated reactions to terrorism as our case in point. We first identify the normative challenges related to the speed and substance of terrorism communication and the ways in which relations of solidarity are communicatively constructed in reacting to terrorism. We link these challenges to four distinct normative theories that prioritize competing values for public discourse (freedom, community values, empowerment of the marginalized or constructive debate). The resulting set of competing normative expectations, which help assess the performance of terrorism communication, are eventually translated into recommendations for professional and non-professional communicators. In conclusion, we show how MNA can help ground empirical scholarship in firmer theoretical foundations while simultaneously demonstrating the usefulness of normative theory in analyzing a wide range of issues.
Theodor Adorno, Paul Lazarsfeld, and the Public Interest Mandate of Early Communications Research, 1935–1941
Authors: Shepperd Josh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThrough detailed archival analysis of personal letters, this article examines how the “public interest” mandate of the Communications Act of 1934 inspired the formation of the Princeton Radio Research Project (PRRP), and influenced Paul Lazarsfeld’s development of two-step flows and media effects research. Buried in federal records, a post-Act Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Pursuant that mandated analysis of educational broadcasting additionally turns out to be the causative reason that Theodor Adorno was brought to America by the Rockefeller Foundation. Crucial to the intellectual history of media and communication theory, Lazarsfeld invited Adorno not only to develop techniques to inform educational music study, but to strategically formulate advocacy language for the media reform movement to help noncommercial media obtain frequency licenses. The limits and pressures exerted by the FCC Pursuant influenced the trajectory of the PRRP research, and consequently, the methodological investments of Communication Studies.
Role of imaging for diagnosis and management of aortic valve papillary fibroelastoma and cardiac amyloid light chain amyloidosis: a case report
Authors: Dimov Ivan , Meuleman Nathalie , de Cannière Didier , Unger Philippe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe report the case of a patient who presented with concomitant aortic valve papillary fibroelastoma (PFE) and cardiac amyloidosis. Although histologically benign, PFE confers an increased thromboembolic risk, and surgical excision is often indicated. However, outcomes of cardiac surgery are poor in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.Case summaryA 61-year-old man with complaints of dyspnoea and weight loss of 10 kg developing over the past 5 months was evaluated in the cardiology clinic. Echocardiography revealed sessile aortic valve PFE and was also highly suggestive of cardiac amyloidosis. The diagnosis of amyloid light chain amyloidosis secondary to indolent multiple myeloma was eventually confirmed. Therapy with daratumumab, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone allowed full remission over a 6-month period and resulted in marked improvement in symptoms and cardiac function as evaluated by global longitudinal strain. Further workup with cerebral magnetic resonance revealed multiple vascular sequelae. Surgical removal of the aortic fibroelastoma with bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement was performed successfully and the patient had an uneventful recovery.DiscussionPapillary fibroelastoma and cardiac amyloidosis are rare and most likely unrelated entities. Concomitant presentation of both conditions in the same patient presents a unique therapeutic challenge. By allowing cardiac function to be monitored during chemotherapy, speckle-tracking echocardiography can prove instrumental in determining the optimal timing of surgical intervention.
Survey on arterial hypertension management: a report from the ESC Council for Cardiology Practice and the ESC Council on Hypertension
Authors: Mancusi Costantino , de Simone Giovanni , Asteggiano Riccardo , Richter Dimitri , Williams Bryan , Ferrini Marc 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
To explore the management of hypertensive patients by general cardiologists a few months after the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)–European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Guidelines publication.

Methods and results
A survey based on a 26-point questionnaire was sent to ∼69 000 worldwide ESC members, a few months after the ESC–ESH Guidelines publication. A total of 1458 responses were collected via a web-based form. Among them, 68% were men, 48% were below 45 years old, and 60% were from Europe. Current guidelines have been read, at least partially, by 92.8%. Measurement of blood pressure (BP) is mostly done using the auscultatory method (58.8%) while unattended BP is rarely performed. Different bladder cuffs are not available for different arm circumferences for 27% of responders. Routine workup in hypertensive patients includes more often 12 leads ECG (97.7%) and echocardiography (79.6%). Only 30.9% of responders systematically assess the cardiovascular risk by the SCORE system and orthostatic hypotension is systematically researched by only 39.1%. Respondents consider that BP target of 140/90 mmHg is achievable in 60–80% of patients and 130/80 mmHg in 40–60%. Guidelines are considered too tight to be achievable by 15.6%, while 77.4% consider they are exactly right. Low patient’s compliance, awareness of hypertension (HT) risk, and, at a lower degree, physician inertia, represent the main treatment challenges in reaching BP goals to most respondents, while treatment effectiveness is not in question. The present survey demonstrates specific gaps in HT management that need attention in clinical practice.
Yeast J-protein Sis1 prevents prion toxicity by moderating depletion of prion protein
Authors: Kumar Jyotsna , Reidy Michael , Masison Daniel C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract[PSI+] is a prion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sup35, an essential ribosome release factor. In [PSI+] cells, most Sup35 is sequestered into insoluble amyloid aggregates. Despite this depletion, [PSI+] prions typically affect viability only modestly, so [PSI+] must balance sequestering Sup35 into prions with keeping enough Sup35 functional for normal growth. Sis1 is an essential J-protein regulator of Hsp70 required for the propagation of amyloid-based yeast prions. C-terminally truncated Sis1 (Sis1JGF) supports cell growth in place of wild-type Sis1. Sis1JGF also supports [PSI+] propagation, yet [PSI+] is highly toxic to cells expressing only Sis1JGF. We searched extensively for factors that mitigate the toxicity and identified only Sis1, suggesting Sis1 is uniquely needed to protect from [PSI+] toxicity. We find the C-terminal substrate-binding domain of Sis1 has a critical and transferable activity needed for the protection. In [PSI+] cells that express Sis1JGF in place of Sis1, Sup35 was less soluble and formed visibly larger prion aggregates. Exogenous expression of a truncated Sup35 that cannot incorporate into prions relieved [PSI+] toxicity. Together our data suggest that Sis1 has separable roles in propagating Sup35 prions and in moderating Sup35 aggregation that are crucial to the balance needed for the propagation of what otherwise would be lethal [PSI+] prions.
The SAGA and NuA4 component Tra1 regulates Candida albicans drug resistance and pathogenesis
Authors: Razzaq Iqra , Berg Matthew D , Jiang Yuwei , Genereaux Julie , Uthayakumar Deeva , Kim Grace H , Agyare-Tabbi Michelle , Halder Viola , Brandl Christopher J , Lajoie Patrick , Shapiro Rebecca S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common cause of death from fungal infections. The emergence of resistant strains reducing the efficacy of first-line therapy with echinocandins, such as caspofungin calls for the identification of alternative therapeutic strategies. Tra1 is an essential component of the SAGA and NuA4 transcriptional co-activator complexes. As a PIKK family member, Tra1 is characterized by a C-terminal phosphoinositide 3-kinase domain. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the assembly and function of SAGA and NuA4 are compromised by a Tra1 variant (Tra1Q3) with three arginine residues in the putative ATP-binding cleft changed to glutamine. Whole transcriptome analysis of the S. cerevisiae tra1Q3 strain highlights Tra1’s role in global transcription, stress response, and cell wall integrity. As a result, tra1Q3 increases susceptibility to multiple stressors, including caspofungin. Moreover, the same tra1Q3 allele in the pathogenic yeast C. albicans causes similar phenotypes, suggesting that Tra1 broadly mediates the antifungal response across yeast species. Transcriptional profiling in C. albicans identified 68 genes that were differentially expressed when the tra1Q3 strain was treated with caspofungin, as compared to gene expression changes induced by either tra1Q3 or caspofungin alone. Included in this set were genes involved in cell wall maintenance, adhesion, and filamentous growth. Indeed, the tra1Q3 allele reduces filamentation and other pathogenesis traits in C. albicans. Thus, Tra1 emerges as a promising therapeutic target for fungal infections.
O-003 The puzzling unknowns of abnormal fertilization and first cleavage
Authors: Racowsky C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract text
Fertilization is a critical event in development in that it provides the connection between the gametes and the earliest stages of embryogenesis. Yet, despite the central importance of this process in contributing to embryo developmental fate, clinical embryologists have historically assessed fertilization merely by the number of pronuclei and, if two are present, perhaps, by the presence of two polar bodies. Even though over 20 years ago, time lapse imaging was applied for defining early events of fertilization (Payne et al., 1997), it is only with contemporary time-lapse imaging systems in the last few years that detailed evaluation of spatial and temporal events of fertilization have been described (Iwata & Yasuyuki, 2016; Cottichio et al., 2018). These careful analyses allow us to describe typical and atypical events of fertilization and how they are each associated with timing of the first cleavage division and subsequent embryo development.
In this lecture, we will first describe the fundamental underpinnings of fertilization and highlight the normal events associated with this process. We will then discuss gross morphological abnormalities as visualized by light microscopy and highlight the unknowns associated with these events. Finally, we will focus on time-lapse imaging studies, which have revealed the remarkable spatial and temporal coordination of meiotic resumption, pronuclear dynamics, chromatin organization and cytoplasmic/cortical modifications that occur during fertilization and the implications of aberrations for the first cleavage division.
At the conclusion of this presentation, attendees should be able to: Review the normal events associated with fertilization and the first cleavage division.
1 Describe gross morphological aberrations of these two fundamental processes.
2 Discuss temporal and spatial abnormalities in the coordinated sequence of events that underly these processes.
3 State the potential application of these abnormalities as predictors of abnormal embryo development.
4 Summarize the puzzling unknowns that underly these abnormalities.