bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tale of two frames: Exploring the role of framing in the use discontinuance of volitionally adopted technology
Authors: Soliman Wael , Tuunainen Virpi Kristiina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe discontinuance of volitional IS (i.e., information systems adopted, used and discontinued at will) has recently attracted remarkable attention from academics and practitioners alike. However, most research to date has been ahistorical. Ignoring the temporal progression can be problematic when the phenomenon under investigation is dynamic and evolving. To balance this, we adopt a stage modelling approach to understand the process ending with the technology use being discontinued by users of a popular crowdsourcing platform. Two questions guided our investigation: (1) Why do users discontinue using an IS they have volitionally adopted and used? (2) How does IS discontinuance occur over time in such context? We develop a stage model demonstrating that five stages are critical in understanding IS discontinuance: IS framing, goal pursuit, frame disruption, dormancy and quitting, after which possible switching denotes a new cycle. Furthermore, we identify two frames that help us understand why different users interpret and evaluate the technology differently – namely, the gain frame and the hedonic frame. On one hand, a gain frame is linked to the goal of improving one's resources and thus directs the user's attention to the technology's instrumental value. On the other hand, a hedonic frame is linked to the goal of having fun and thus directs the user's attention to the technology's enjoyment value. But, most importantly, we show that the technology's use lifecycle as a whole from initial use to discontinuance is shaped and guided by the user's dominant frame. Our insights elicit a number of important theoretical and practical implications.
Clinical outcomes in cirrhotics with variceal or nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding: A prospective, multicenter cohort study
Authors: Zullo Angelo , Soncini Marco , Bucci Cristina , Marmo Riccardo ,   Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dell'Emorragia Digestiva (GISED) (Appendix)
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimUpper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is associated with a distinct mortality in cirrhotics. We evaluated whether the rate of mortality and other outcomes differs between variceal and nonvariceal UGIB.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter, cohort study on UGIB cirrhotics observed in 50 hospitals. Variceal or nonvariceal UGIB were diagnosed at endoscopy. The 6‐week mortality rate, need of blood transfusion, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, radiologic or surgical intervention, rebleeding rate, and length of stay in hospital were the main clinical outcomes compared. Data were analyzed at univariate and multivariate analysis, and odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated.ResultsThe study enrolled 706 cirrhotics, including 516 (73%) variceal and 190 (27%) nonvariceal UGIB. There were 78 (11%; 95% CI = 8.7–13.4) deceases, without any difference between variceal (11.0%) and nonvariceal (11.0%) groups. Child–Pugh score C (OR: 6.99; 95% CI = 2.58–18.95), and development of either hepatorenal syndrome (OR: 16.5; 95% CI = 7.02–38.9) or hepatic encephalopathy (OR: 2.38; 95% CI = 1.25–4.5) were independent predictors of mortality. Transfusions and onset of hepatic encephalopathy were significantly more frequent in variceal, whereas ICU admission rate was higher in nonvariceal bleedings. Overall, antibiotic prophylaxis was eventually administered in only 392 (55.5%) patients.ConclusionsData found that the overall mortality rate in cirrhotics with UGIB seems to be reducing and that the value did not differ between variceal and nonvariceal types. Prevention of both hepatorenal syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy and implementation of antibiotic prophylaxis could improve survival in these patients.
Speaking with virtual humans: Assessing social cognition in traumatic brain injury with a second‐person perspective task
Authors: Moreau Noémie , Taché Emmanuelle , Champagne‐Lavau Maud 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis study is one of the first to investigate social cognition in participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using a task that actively engaged the participant in a real interaction with a partner. Previous results have reported altered social cognition in TBI patients, but social cognition was mostly assessed through traditional tasks involving conscious and deliberate reasoning about characters’ mental states (i.e., a third‐person perspective). Our goal was to present a new paradigm which allowed the assessment of social cognition in conditions closer to real life meaning that participants were actively engaged in an interaction (i.e., second‐person perspective) in order to capture more implicit use of social cognition processes.MethodThis study used three tasks to evaluate social cognition. We designed a task, called EVICog, in which participants were engaged in real audio‐visual conversations with two virtual humans who expressed emotions and produced speech content that required the participants to make inferences about the characters’ mental states. The two other tasks are standard in the literature; they use photographs to test participants’ recognition of emotions and short comic strips to test their attribution of intentions.ResultsOur results showed that TBI participants presented a significant deficit of social cognition compared to control participants. The ROC analysis showed that EVICog has a high discrimination power compared to the other tests.ConclusionThese results further confirm that social cognition is altered in TBI participants even in real interactions and further support the use of ecological settings to investigate social cognition.
The utility of shock index and heart rate in the management of postpartum blood loss in pregnant women complicated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
Authors: Mori Hiroshi , Shibata Eiji , Kuwazuru Tomoichiro , Uchimura Takayuki , Kondo Emi , Yoshino Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the shock index (SI) (heart rate/systolic blood pressure) and heart rate (HR) are a helpful indicator in the management of postpartum blood loss, there are few reports of SI in pregnant women complicated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP). The purpose of this study was to examine whether SI and HR would be a clinically helpful indicator, and to detect the cutoff value for judging abnormal obstetric bleeding.MethodsThis was a retrospective case–control study in 107 patients with HDP in a singleton tertiary perinatal medical facility. The values of postpartum highest SI (peak SI) and highest HR (peak HR), and the amount of bleeding until peak SI and peak HR were retrospectively examined and analyzed. We used the receiver operating characteristic analysis to assess the diagnostic value of peak SI and peak HR for judging abnormal obstetric bleeding.ResultsPeak SI and peak HR were significantly related to the amount of bleeding up to peak SI and up to peak HR. The cutoff values of peak SI with blood loss volumes above 500 ml, 1000 ml, and 1500 ml were 0.77, 0.76, and 0.99, respectively. The cutoff values of peak HR with blood loss volumes above 500 ml, 1000 ml, and 1500 ml were 97, 98, and 103, respectively.ConclusionIn cases of pregnant women complicated with HDP, both SI and HR were probably useful indicators in the management of postpartum blood loss. Further prospective trials are warranted to confirm these results.
Toward an understanding of tissue factor pathway inhibitor‐2 as a novel serodiagnostic marker for clear cell carcinoma of the ovary
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Imanaka Shogo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)‐2 has recently emerged as a serodiagnostic marker for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), especially clear cell carcinoma (CCC). This review discusses the biological properties of TFPI‐2 and why serum levels are elevated in CCC patients.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed up until March, 2021.ResultsTFPI‐2 is a Kunitz‐type protease inhibitor and negatively regulates the enzymatic activities, such as plasmin. TFPI‐2 has been characterized as a tumor suppressor gene and was frequently downregulated through promoter hypermethylation in various human cancers. In contrast, TFPI‐2 was overexpressed only in CCC. TFPI‐2 may be involved in the pathophysiology of CCC, possibly through regulation of coagulation system, stabilization of extracellular matrix (ECM), and induction of intracellular signal transduction. TFPI‐2 suppresses tissue factor‐induced hypercoagulation in a hypoxic environment. TFPI‐2, secreted by CCC cells, platelets, and adjacent vascular endothelial cells, may suppress tumor growth and invasion through ECM remodeling. Nuclear TFPI‐2 may suppress matrix metalloproteinase production via transcription factors and modulate caspase‐mediated cell apoptosis. CCC cells may upregulate the TFPI‐2 expression to adapt to survival in the demanding environment. TFPI‐2 is secreted by CCC cells and enters the systemic circulation, resulting in elevated blood levels.DiscussionSerum TFPI‐2 reflects the overexpression of TFPI‐2 in CCC tissues and is a potential serodiagnostic marker. Further research is needed to explore the expression, clinical significance, biological function, and potential mechanism of TFPI‐2 in CCC.
Oral behaviours and wake‐time masseter activity in patients with masticatory muscle pain
Authors: Ramanan D. , Palla S. , Bennani H. , Polonowita A. , Farella M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about wake‐time masseter activity of patients with masticatory muscle pain in real‐life settings.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were (1) to assess wake‐time masseter activity of women with masticatory muscle pain (MMP) and compare it with that of pain‐free women; and (2) to investigate the association between objectively measured masseter contractions and self‐reported oral behaviours.MethodsAdult women (N = 27) diagnosed with MMP were age‐matched with pain‐free women (N = 26). The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter muscle when awake was recorded unilaterally for two consecutive days. The number of contraction episodes and relative contraction time (%) were calculated using cut‐off thresholds of 3%, 5% and 10% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Self‐reported daytime oral activity was assessed using the Oral Behaviours Checklist (OBC, items 3–21). Data were analysed using univariate tests and mixed‐model analyses.ResultsThe number of contraction episodes was similar between groups for all detection thresholds, but the relative contraction time at the lower detection thresholds (i.e. 3% MVC and 5% MVC) was significantly longer (1.5‐fold) in the MMP than in the pain‐free group. The OBC scores were significantly higher in the women with MMP than in controls, but no positive association could be found between EMG variables and OBC scores.ConclusionWomen with MMP engage in low‐level masseter muscle contractions, which last longer than those of pain‐free controls. There was no relationship between self‐reported oral behaviours and masseter activity when awake. These findings support the notion that prolonged low‐level clenching when awake may play a role in the pathophysiology of MMP.
Prevalence of allergic rhinitis with lower airways inflammation: A new endotype with high risk of asthma development?
Authors: Di Cara Giuseppe , Bizzarri Ilaria , Fabiano Cecilia , Faina Fabrizio , Di Cicco Maria , Rinaldi Victoria E , Verrotti Alberto , Peroni Diego 
Published: June 2021

AimAsthma and allergic rhinitis share common pathophysiological mechanisms. However, while asthma phenotypes and endotypes are defined basing on both clinical and immunological features, rhinitis classification is still based on severity and frequency of symptoms. Recently, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been suggested as a possible biomarker of rhinitis to asthma development. The aim of our study was to define the prevalence of a high FeNO allergic rhinitis endotype in a paediatric population of children with allergic rhinitis in order to quantify the impact of such patients in general practice.MethodsA total of 159 children (aged 7–16 years) with allergic rhinitis and no asthmatic symptoms were enrolled in our study. Severity assessment of rhinitis and asthma was evaluated in accordance with ARIA and GINA guidelines. All patients performed the following assessments: skin prick test (SPT), spirometry and FeNO measurement.ResultsFeNO was increased in 54 (33.9%) of 159 patients. No significant correlation with age, severity and frequency of rhinitis was evidenced. Positive SPT for house dust mites was related with a higher prevalence of high FeNO (P = 0.04), with no significant correlation with other sensitisations. All patients showed normal spirometric values.ConclusionA possible new endotype of allergic rhinitis and lower airways inflammation showed to be significantly present in our population. The lack of correlation with allergic rhinitis severity assessment suggests that FeNO could be considered as an independent variable, possibly linked to a higher risk of asthma development in children with no lower airways symptoms and normal spirometry.
Carbon concentration in the world's trees across climatic gradients
Authors: Paroshy Nicholas J. , Doraisami Mahendra , Kish Rosalyn , Martin Adam R. 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Wood carbon (C) concentration is a key wood trait that varies widely among tree species, but our understanding of the factors governing this trait is limited, despite reason to hypothesize that wood C varies systematically across environmental gradients.

We compiled a novel database of 1145 geo‐referenced wood C observations from 415 species, to elucidate climate correlates of wood C concentrations, and test if these relationships differ across tissue types and major taxonomic divisions (i.e. angiosperms vs gymnosperms).

Climate variables, including mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation and temperature seasonality, are significantly correlated with wood C concentrations. Relationships between wood C and these variables differ across tissue types and taxonomic divisions, yet there is a negative relationship between wood C and MAT that exists across all tissues and species groups.

Wood C concentrations in trees are influenced by climate, with experimental evidence (albeit scant) indicating that climate‐driven changes in lignin concentrations likely govern these relationships. Our study presents among the first lines of evidence indicating that wood C concentrations are correlated with environmental conditions, thereby enhancing our understanding of the potential adaptive significance of wood C variation in trees.
Delivery mode and the incidence of atopic sensitization and food allergy in a Finnish child population
Authors: Pyrhönen Kaisa , Kulmala Petri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCaesarean section (CS) has been associated with an increased risk of subsequent atopic diseases, particularly asthma and respiratory allergies, but controversial findings have also been reported. Our aim was to clarify the association between the delivery mode and longitudinal (atopic) outcomes.MethodsThe target population was identified from the population register and comprised all children born between 2001 and 2006 and living in the province of South Karelia, Finland (N = 5564). The information on the delivery mode was available for 5552 children from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Results of allergy tests (skin prick tests, specific IgE and open food challenges, OFCs) were collected from patient records of all healthcare units in the area.ResultsBy 12 years of age, the cumulative incidence of atopic sensitization was 15% for those born by normal vaginal delivery (VD), 20% (adjusted RR 1.28; 95% CI 0.99–1.65) by assisted VD, 20% (adjusted RR 1.28; 95% CI 1.02–1.61) by elective CS and 20% (adjusted RR 1.24; 95% CI 0.99–1.56) by others, for example emergency CS. Among the offspring of mothers without atopic diseases, the incidence of food allergy (positive OFC) was 6% for those born by elective CS and 2% for those born by normal VD (adjusted RR 2.41; 95% CI 1.19–4.88), while the respective incidences were 5% and 6% (adjusted RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.33–2.06) among the offspring of mothers with atopic diseases.ConclusionBy adolescence, the cumulative incidences of atopic sensitization was highest among those born by assisted VD or CS. The incidence of food allergy was highest among those born by elective CS among the offspring of mothers without atopic diseases.
Why the Wrongness of Killing Innocent, Non‐threatening People is a Universal Moral Certainty
Authors: Laves Samuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn a recent article in this journal, José María Ariso makes the argument that the killing of innocent, non‐threatening people is not a universal moral certainty. To make this case, he gives two examples where the certainty is seemingly not present: the pisa‐suave child soldiers in the Colombian civil war and the often‐discussed case of Nazi Germany. This paper is an attempt to respond to these criticisms. I will respond to each charge in turn and argue that they do not pose a problem to the idea that the wrongness of killing innocent, non‐threatening people is a universal moral certainty.
Nuclear Regulatory Acceptance of Certified Process Data Reconciliation
Authors: Jansky Andy , Langenstein Magnus 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The utility industry is currently undergoing a substantial change from analogue to digital infrastructure. Not only plant performance and utility profits are dependent on accurate plant operational parameters but, more importantly, set safety limits need to be met in order to ensure safe operation of nuclear power plants in particular. Using nonquality-assured process data for operational decisions can result in significant over- or under-power events in the plant. In addition, all new technologies such as AI, IIoT, and digital twin technology rely on robust process data as input, putting at risk the significance of the results from the continuing data processing (“garbage in, garbage out”). One method, certified process data reconciliation, or certified process data reconciliation (CPDR), cuts through the vast amount of available process data and generates all relevant process values with the smallest uncertainty possible. In addition, 95% of all collected process data can be discarded after introduction of CPDR. With CPDR, plant operation and maintenance can be significantly optimized and utilities can profit by realizing, e.g., power recovery and measurement uncertainty recapture (MUR). Because the focus on reconciled instead of measured values constitutes a paradigm shift, the application of CPDR needs to be communicated to nuclear regulators. This paper describes the approach and experience of the regulator acceptance process in various countries around the globe.
Influence of Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity on Overall Cooling Effectiveness on a Film-Cooled Leading Edge
Authors: Bryant Carol E. , Rutledge James L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Increasing interest in the use of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) for gas turbine engine hot gas path components requires a thorough examination of the thermal behavior one may expect of such components. Their highly anisotropic thermal conductivity is a substantial departure from traditional metallic components and can influence the temperature distribution in surprising ways. With the ultimate surface temperature dependent on the internal cooling scheme, including cooling from within the film cooling holes themselves, as well as the external film cooling, the relative influence of these contributions to cooling can be affected by the directionality of the thermal conductivity. Conjugate heat transfer computational simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of anisotropy in the leading edge region of a turbine component. The leading edge region is modeled as a fully film-cooled half cylinder with a flat afterbody. Changing the anisotropic directionality of the thermal conductivity is shown to have nearly the same effect on temperature distribution over the surface of the leading edge as increasing the thermal conductivity by a factor of four. While structural considerations with CMC components are often paramount, designers should be aware of the thermal ramifications associated with the selection of the CMC lay-up.
Transporting Carrier With Droplets Driven by Electrowetting-on-Dielectric Effect
Authors: He Jian-Zhang (Kenny) , Chang Jen-Yuan (James) 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the early 19th century, Thomas Young (1805) and Pierre Simon Laplace (1806) published the concept of fluid surface tension, which made great contributions to the theory of surface tension. Many scholars continued to study electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) technology, hoping to effectively control the movement of droplets, to make a lot of microchannels in biomedical and life applications. The purpose of dielectric and hydrophobic layer is to prevent the droplet from short circuiting when the electrode moves, and the increase of hydrophobic layer will improve the smoothness of droplet movement. EWOD technology is used in this research as the prelude of the development of soft robot. Through the combination of finger electrode and electrowetting-on-dielectric technology, a carrier is designed. The drop is driven by Arduino and LabVIEW control software, and the carrier can be moved effectively. The effective distance between the finger electrodes was found out from the experiment to change the contact angle of the drop. Drop material will use two kinds of materials, PC and mixed liquid (PC, UV), try to change the contact angle and its strength through the voltage of 0–250V, so as to find out the maximum force and suitable contact angle, hoping to support the carrier effectively. Finally, the carrier will be transported to the designated position by using drops.
Correlates Between Physical Activity and Sunburn Prevalence Among a Nationally Representative Sample of US High School Students, 2015–2017
Authors: Wei Grace , Farooq Jeffrey , Castelo-soccio Leslie , Mhaskar Rahul 
Published: June 2021

Background: Physical activity is associated with greater odds of sunburn in adults, increasing harmful sun exposure and skin cancer risk. The authors sought to investigate parallel associations between sunburn and physical activity among US high school students. Methods: The authors examined pooled cross-sectional data from the 2015 and 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. A nationally representative sample of 21,894 US high school students who responded to the sunburn question was included. Results: Prevalence of sunburn was 56.6% between 2015 and 2017. Sunburn prevalence was higher in physically active students (88.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 86.7%–90.0%; P < .0001) and student athletes (63.0%; 95% CI, 59.4%–66.7%; P < .0001). Among male students who were vigorously physically active (≥5 d) or on ≥3 teams, the odds of sunburn were 2.33 (95% CI, 1.81–3.00; P < .0001) and 2.52 (95% CI, 1.96–3.23; P < .0001), respectively. Among female students who were vigorously physically active (≥5 d) or on ≥3 teams, the odds of sunburn were 1.65 (95% CI, 1.36–2.02; P < .0001) and 2.92 (95% CI, 2.07–4.13; P < .0001), respectively. Conclusions: Many US high school students are affected by sunburn, and the odds of sunburn are elevated during physical activity and team sports participation. Efforts are needed to improve sun safety regulations, education, and resources for youth during school and physical activity.