bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral nerve blocks with liposomal bupivacaine are associated with increased opioid use compared to thoracic epidural in patients with an epigastric incision
Authors: Aiken Taylor J. , Padilla Elena , Lemaster Deborah , Ronnekleiv‐Kelly Sean , Weber Sharon , Minter Rebecca M. , Ethier Steven , Abbott Daniel E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThoracic epidurals are commonly recommended in enhanced recovery protocols, though they may cause hypotension and urinary retention. Peripheral nerve blocks using liposomal bupivacaine are a potential alternative, though they have not been extensively studied in major cancer operations with an epigastric incision.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of prospectively collected data following the transition from thoracic epidural to liposomal peripheral nerve blocks in patients undergoing major oncologic surgery. Patients receiving peripheral nerve blocks were compared to those receiving thoracic epidural. Outcome variables included postoperative opioid use (milligram morphine equivalents [MME]), severe pain, and postoperative complications.ResultsForty‐seven of 102 patients studied (46%) received peripheral nerve blocks. Opioid use was higher in the peripheral nerve block group during the 0–24 h (116 vs. 94 MME, p = 0.04) and 24–48 h postoperative period (94 vs. 23 MME, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in severe pain, hypotension, urinary retention, or ileus. Peripheral nerve blocks were associated with earlier ambulation (1 vs. 2 days, p = 0.04), though other milestones were similar.ConclusionsLiposomal peripheral nerve blocks were associated with increased opioid use compared to thoracic epidural. On the basis of our results, thoracic epidural might be preferred in surgical oncology patients with an epigastric incision.
Solution to vessels mismatch in microsurgery: Vertical arteriotomy technique
Authors: Alamoudi Uthman , Ghanem Tamer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrovascular anastomosis is the key for successful free flap transplantation. Ideally, the anastomosis should maintain the flow with minimal turbulence, disruption of endothelium, and minimizing the furrow to prevent thrombosis and failure of the flap. One of the main pitfalls of micro‐anastomosis is vessels size mismatch.Method and ResultThere are many ways to overcome this issue, which includes forced mechanical dilation of the smaller vessel, oblique cuts, fish mouth cuts, interposition grafts, end‐to‐side anastomosis, coupling device, and others. Here, we report a simple technique with single customizable longitudinal arteriotomy of the smaller vessel to achieve an adequate size match to the larger vessel. It has been used for more than 10 years at our institution that allow us to achieve an end‐to‐end patent anastomosis.ConclusionVertical arteriotomy is a simple technique that in our experience achieved end‐to‐end anastomosis high patency rate.
Sulforaphane covalently interacts with the transglutaminase 2 cancer maintenance protein to alter its structure and suppress its activity
Authors: Rorke Ellen A. , Adhikary Gautam , Szmacinski Henryk , Lakowicz Joseph R. , Weber David J. , Godoy‐Ruiz Raquel , Puranik Purushottamachar , Keillor Jeffrey W. , Gates Eric W. J. , Eckert Richard L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractType 2 transglutaminase (TG2) functions as an important cancer cell survival protein in a range of cancers including epidermal squamous cell carcinoma. TG2 exists in open and closed conformations each of which has a distinct and mutually exclusive activity. The closed conformation has GTP‐binding/GTPase activity while the open conformation functions as a transamidase to catalyze protein‐protein crosslinking. GTP‐binding/GTPase activity is required for TG2 maintenance of the aggressive cancer phenotype. Thus, identifying agents that convert TG2 from the closed to the open GTP‐binding/GTPase inactive conformation is an important cancer prevention/treatment strategy. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an important diet‐derived cancer prevention agent that is known to possess a reactive isothiocyanate group and has potent anticancer activity. Using a biotin‐tagged SFN analog (Biotin‐ITC) and kinetic analysis we show that SFN covalently and irreversibly binds to recombinant TG2 to inhibit transamidase activity and shift TG2 to an open/extended conformation, leading to a partial inhibition of GTP binding. We also show that incubation of cancer cells or cancer cell extract with Biotin‐ITC results in formation of a TG2/Biotin‐ITC complex and that SFN treatment of cancer cells inhibits TG2 transamidase activity and shifts TG2 to an open/extended conformation. These findings identify TG2 as a direct SFN anticancer target in epidermal squamous cell carcinoma.
Evaluation of Strategies for Measuring Lysosomal Glucocerebrosidase Activity
Authors: Ysselstein Daniel , Young Tiffany J. , Nguyen Maria , Padmanabhan Shalini , Hirst Warren D. , Dzamko Nicolas , Krainc Dimitri 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTMutations in GBA1, which encode for the protein glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. In addition, growing evidence now suggests that the loss of GCase activity is also involved in onset of all forms of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and other dementias, such as progranulin‐linked frontal temporal dementia. As a result, there is significant interest in developing GCase‐targeted therapies that have the potential to stop or slow progression of these diseases. Despite this interest in GCase as a therapeutic target, there is significant inconsistency in the methodology for measuring GCase enzymatic activity in disease‐modeling systems and patient populations, which could hinder progress in developing GCase therapies. In this review, we discuss the different strategies that have been developed to assess GCase activity and highlight the specific strengths and weaknesses of these approaches as well as the gaps that remain. We also discuss the current and potential role of these different methodologies in preclinical and clinical development of GCase‐targeted therapies. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Rapid calculation of static magnetic field perturbation generated by magnetized objects in arbitrary orientations
Authors: Yeo Seok‐Jin , Lee So‐Hee , Lee Seung‐Kyun 
Published: October 2021

PurposeMost previous work on the calculation of susceptibility‐induced static magnetic field (B0) inhomogeneity has considered strictly unidirectional magnetic fields. Here, we present the theory and implementation of a computational method to rapidly calculate static magnetic field vectors produced by an arbitrary distribution of voxelated magnetization vectors.Theory and MethodsTwo existing B0 calculation methods were systematically extended to include arbitrary orientations of the magnetization and the magnetic field; they are (1) Fourier‐domain convolution with k‐space‐discretized (KD) dipolar field, and (2) generalized susceptibility voxel convolution (gSVC). The methods were tested on an analytical ellipsoid model and a tilted human head model, as well as against experimentally measured B0 fields induced by a stainless‐steel implant located in an inhomogeneous region of a clinical 3T MRI magnet.ResultsBoth methods were capable of correctly calculating B0 fields inside a magnetized ellipsoid in all tested orientations. The KD method generally required a larger grid and longer computation time to achieve accuracy comparable to gSVC. Measured B0 fields due to the implant showed a good match with the gSVC‐calculated fields that accounted for the spatial variation of the applied magnetic field including the radial components.ConclusionOur method can provide a reliable and efficient computational tool to calculate B0 perturbation by magnetized objects under a variety of circumstances, including those with inhomogeneous magnetizing fields, anisotropic susceptibility, and a rotated coordinate system.
Phase angle and overhydration are associated with post‐extubating dysphagia in patients with COVID‐19 discharged from the ICU
Authors: Reyes‐Torres Carlos A. , Flores‐López Adriana , Osuna‐Padilla Iván A. , Hernández‐Cárdenas Carmen M. , Serralde‐Zúñiga Aurora E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have evaluated the prevalence of post‐extubation dysphagia and associated factors in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) . Our study assessed the prevalence of post‐extubation dysphagia and body composition in patients with COVID‐19 discharged from an intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed in post‐ICU extubated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome related to COVID‐19 in two referral hospitals. A total of 112 patients were evaluated and included; swallowing assessment and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were performed after extubation and discharge from the ICU. To identify associations between dysphagia, lower phase angle (PhA) (<4.8°) and hydration (extracellular water/total body water < 0.390) logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted.ResultsThe incidence of post‐extubation dysphagia was 41% (n = 46). From these, 65% (n = 30) had severe swallowing impairment. Overhydration and PhA were significantly different in patients with dysphagia, and segmental hydration in the trunk and legs was higher than in arms. PhA <4.8° (odds ratio [OR], 12.2; 95% CI, 4.3–34.1; P < .05) and overhydration measured by BIA (OR, 9.1; 95% CI, 3.4–24.5; P < .05) were associated with post‐extubation dysphagia in multivariate analysis. PhA (<4.8°) was associated with a lower rate of swallowing recovery at hospital discharge (log‐rank test = 0.007).ConclusionsA high incidence of post‐extubation dysphagia was found in patients with COVID‐19. Low PhA and overhydration were associated with the presence of dysphagia. Lower PhA was an independent factor for swallowing recovery at discharge.
Compressive fatigue behavior of external patch repaired carbon/epoxy composites
Authors: Bhatia Gursahib Singh , A. Arockiarajan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work involves an experimental investigation of the external patch repaired woven carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer laminates under load controlled constant amplitude compressive fatigue loading. The specimens of parent laminates with stacking sequence [0/45]s and [45/0]s were both repaired with two types of precured patches viz. [0]2 and [45]2 representing high stiff and low‐stiff cases. Digital image correlation and acoustic emission were employed to obtain the insight to the development of distinctive failure modes. The observations during the tests reveal a slow increase in the displacement for most part of the life followed by a rapid increase in the displacement signifying the failure due to fatigue. The examination of failed specimens reveal failure through hole for drilled (with hole) specimens compared to failure away from repaired zone indicating the significant reinforcement provided by external patch repair under cyclic loading. From life aspect, the drilled specimens possess a significantly lesser life (zero to few hundred cycles) compared to the patch repaired and pristine specimens (of order of few thousand cycles) highlighting the suitability of the external patch repair to restore the fatigue performance under compressive loading.
Morphological, mechanical, magnetic, and thermal properties of 3D printed functional polymeric structures modified with Fe2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Aktitiz İsmail , Delibaş Hulusi , Topcu Alparslan , Aydın Kadir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Fe2O3 nanoparticle structures, which have many application areas such as electronics, marine, and aviation, have been studying extensively due to the compliance between organic polymer and inorganic Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Nanocomposite structures are successfully produced in the desired complexity with the additive manufacturing method. In the current study, Fe2O3 nanoparticles were doped into the photocurable resin at different concentrations (pristine, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% in wt), and the prepared 3D polymer nanocomposite mixtures were printed via stereolithography method. To investigate the morphological, mechanical, magnetic, and thermal properties of the printed nanocomposite structures, scanning electron microscopy, hardness, vibrating sample magnetometer, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimeter analysis were performed, respectively. It was revealed that the Fe2O3 nanoparticles improved the thermal stability of the structures. Moreover, an increase in magnetic properties has been observed up to 459%.
Careless responses and construct validity of Wong–Law Emotional Intelligence Scale
Authors: Merino‐Soto César , Martí‐Vilar Manuel , Serrano‐Pastor Lucas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCareless response in the investigation of emotional intelligence has not been explicitly addressed. In a sample of 180 Spanish adults responding to the Wong–Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, a small prevalence (7.2%) was detected. The impact was small on the psychometric parameters, but they were less inflated, more realistic, and precise.
Predicting obesity and smoking using medication data: A machine‐learning approach
Authors: Ali Sitwat , Na Renhua , Waterhouse Mary , Jordan Susan J. , Olsen Catherine M. , Whiteman David C. , Neale Rachel E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeAdministrative health datasets are widely used in public health research but often lack information about common confounders. We aimed to develop and validate machine learning (ML)‐based models using medication data from Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) database to predict obesity and smoking.MethodsWe used data from the D‐Health Trial (N = 18 000) and the QSkin Study (N = 43 794). Smoking history, and height and weight were self‐reported at study entry. Linkage to the PBS dataset captured 5 years of medication data after cohort entry. We used age, sex, and medication use, classified using anatomical therapeutic classification codes, as potential predictors of smoking (current or quit <10 years ago; never or quit ≥10 years ago) and obesity (obese; non‐obese). We trained gradient‐boosted machine learning models using data for the first 80% of participants enrolled; models were validated using the remaining 20%. We assessed model performance overall and by sex and age, and compared models generated using 3 and 5 years of PBS data.ResultsBased on the validation dataset using 3 years of PBS data, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–0.71) for predicting obesity and 0.71 (95% CI 0.70–0.72) for predicting smoking. Models performed better in women than in men. Using 5 years of PBS data resulted in marginal improvement.ConclusionsMedication data in combination with age and sex can be used to predict obesity and smoking. These models may be of value to researchers using data collected for administrative purposes.
Open‐source feature detection for non‐target LC–MS analytics
Authors: Dietrich Christian , Wick Arne , Ternes Thomas A. 
Published: October 2021

RationaleNon‐target screening techniques using high‐resolution mass spectrometers become more and more important for environmental sciences. Highly reliable and sophisticated software solutions are required to deal with the large amount of data obtained from such analyses.MethodsProcessing of high‐resolution LC‐HRMS data was performed upon conversion into an open, XML‐based data format followed by an automated assignment of chromatographic peaks using the open‐source programming language R. Raw data from three different LC‐HRMS systems were processed as a proof of principle.ResultsWe present a simple and straightforward algorithm to extract chromatographic peaks from previously m/z‐centroided data based on the open‐source programming language R and C++. The working principle and processing parameters are explained in detail. A ready‐to‐use script is provided in the supporting information.ConclusionsThe developed algorithm enables a comprehensible automated peak picking of non‐target LC–MS data. Application to three completely different HRMS raw data files showed reasonable False Positives and False Negatives detection and moderate calculation times.
Students' mechanistic reasoning in practice: Enabling functions of drawing, gestures and talk
Authors: de Andrade Vanessa , Shwartz Yael , Freire Sofia , Baptista Mónica 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMechanistic reasoning is a powerful form of reasoning central to scientific explanations. Despite mechanistic reasoning being an important dimension of scientific practice and a central dimension of science curricula, students face difficulties in developing such type of reasoning. Many authors have been proposing tools for supporting its development; drawing is one such tool. Studies that purposefully explore how drawing leverages and supports students' mechanistic reasoning while engage in a process of constructing explanations are still scarce. The goal of the current study was to understand how students' mechanistic reasoning emerges and is enacted when students are jointly involved in drawing creation. For that, we drew on a recent framework that identifies essential characteristics of students' mechanistic reasoning and also on theories of distributed and embodied cognition. In this paper, we present a pair of middle school students who jointly explain a chemical phenomenon by creating drawings and reasoning with them. Using a fine‐grain analysis we examined the elements of students' mechanistic reasoning in relation to drawing creation and how talk and embodied actions on and with the drawings were used to support students' reasoning. Findings reveal that drawings played a key role in paving the way for students reasoning about mechanisms and in enacting mechanistic reasoning. In particular, drawings were essential for pushing students to look for a mechanism, for enabling and supporting mechanistic reasoning‐in‐action, and for facilitating productive interactions between the students that ended up in the construction of a sophisticated mechanistic explanation.
Teamwork quality in technology‐driven product teams in large‐scale agile organizations
Authors: Poth Alexander , Kottke Mario , Mahr Torsten , Riel Andreas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe maturity of teams is related to the specific solutions they are building and maintaining. Every team needs generic skills and capabilities for successful teamwork. However, depending on the used technology, particular skills and qualifications are required to form a mature team to handle the solution‐related products and services adequately. Especially in agile organizations, autonomous teams have the responsibility for their solutions and their team development. To foster transparency and structured team development, the Technical Team Maturity (TTM) approach is presented. The TTM approach shapes and models specific technologies, for example, cloud technology demands about team skills and capabilities to form a reliable delivery team. The approach is divided into a technology‐specific profile and an evaluation model to support active usage in teams. The profile focuses on abstract and generic technology aspects. The evaluation model validates against the profile with a state‐of‐the‐art focus about the technology application to determine the maturity. The different maturity levels are mapped to belts—as a gamification aspect to foster continuous improvement in the teams with this benchmark. TTM is evaluated in the enterprise context of Volkswagen AG and Volkswagen Financial Services AG. It provides insights into the effectiveness of this approach in heterogeneous multiteam settings and its strengths, weaknesses, and limitations.
Selenium nanoparticles are more efficient than sodium selenite in reducing the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in Japanese quail
Authors: Khazraei Seyed Kaveh , Tabeidian Sayed Ali , Habibian Mahmood 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDietary selenium (Se), as an antioxidant element, plays a protective role in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxicosis in poultry.ObjectivesTo compare the effects of sodium selenite (SS) and Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) against AFB1‐induced toxicity on growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, antioxidant status and serum lipid concentrations in Japanese broiler quails.MethodsA total of 540 quails were divided into six treatments, each with six replicates and 15 birds per replicate at 24 days of age and reared for 21 days. Treatments included: (1) a basal diet without Se and AFB1 (negative control; NC); (2) NC + 1.0 mg/kg AFB1 (positive control; PC); (3) PC + 0.2 mg/kg Se as SS; (4) PC + 0.5 mg/kg Se as SS; (5) PC + 0.2 mg/kg Se as SeNPs; and (6) PC + 0.5 mg/kg Se as SeNPs.ResultsTreatment with PC diet decreased feed intake and body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio than the NC diet. The PC diet also atrophied the lymphoid organs and depressed antibody responses against Newcastle disease and avian influenza viruses and sheep red blood cell. Moreover, quails treated with PC diet appeared to have lower serum glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activities and disturbed serum lipids than those receiving the NC diet. Dietary Se attenuated these detrimental effects, but failed to completely eliminate them. Additionally, SeNPs performed better than SS in improving thioredoxin reductase activity and antibody titer against sheep red blood cell.ConclusionsDiet supplementation with SeNPs to provide 0.5 mg/kg of Se is recommended to reduce the AFB1 toxicosis in broiler quails.
Osteogenesis Modulation: Induction of Mandibular Bone Growth in Adults by Electrical Field for Aesthetic Purposes
Authors: Zendejas Gregorio Hernandez , Dobke Marek K. , Phelps Andrew , Planas Gabriel , Sanchez Marco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundA new technique in plastic surgery termed Osteogenesis Modulation is described. This technique uses a surgically implanted, battery-operated medical device to deliver customized electrical pulses to produce mandibular bone growth. This device was designed to be a temporary, nonpermanent implant. The purpose of this study was to review both the safety and efficacy of Osteogenesis Modulation.MethodsThis study comprises two phases. Phase I involved experimental technology development and animal experiments. Phase II included technology development for clinical use and a clinical trial. In Phase II, four patients with a diagnosis of mandibular hypoplasia and microgenia underwent surgical implantation of the novel medical device over the chin bone. Once a satisfactory change of contour of mandibular bone was achieved, the devices were removed. In all patients, the devices were left in place for 12 months, then surgically removed under local anesthesia. Preoperative and long-term postoperative cephalometric controls were done.ResultsIn all patients, symmetrical mandibular bone growth was observed with good-to-excellent aesthetic results. The overall follow-up period was 39 months. Cephalometric controls taken 3 to 6 months after the device removal showed an average increase in mandible length of 5.26mm (range, 2.83–7.60mm)ConclusionsPreliminary clinical results suggest that Osteogenesis Modulation is a safe, minimally invasive, and effective alternative treatment for the correction of mandibular hypoplasia in selected cases.Level of Evidence IVThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authorswww.springer.com/00266.