bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of the Messoyakha and Pestsovoe pingos in northwest Siberia as markers of ice core formation
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij K. , Chizhova Julia N. , Budantseva Nadine A. , Kurchatova Anna N. , Rogov Victor V. , Vasilchuk Alla C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPingos are indicators of modern and past conditions of permafrost. In total, 1,620 pingos have been identified on the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas in western Siberia. The main purpose of this study is to consider the distribution of stable isotopes in pingo ice cores formed under conditions of open and closed systems. Two pingos from ice cores of different origin in the continuous permafrost zone of northwest Siberia have been considered: the Messoyaha‐1 pingo (10.5 m in height) and the Pestsovoe pingo (17 m in height). Drilling of the ice core was performed with continuous sampling of an undisturbed frozen core. Ice formation was estimated according to the Rayleigh fractionation in a closed‐system versus an open‐system framework. For the Pestsovoe pingo, a pronounced decrease in δ18O values with corresponding increase in dexc with depth indicates a closed system upon freezing of the lake talik from the top down. For the Messoyakha‐1 pingo, the values of δ18O and δ2Н showed a weak tendency to decrease with depth, with values of dexc varying randomly. Ice that was segregated in the overlying and underlying sediments had similar values of δ18O and δ2Н and a low slope. Isotopically nonequilibrium ice formation was established for ice which had been segregated in a closed system and for ice cores formed in an open to semiclosed system. The vacuum mechanism of water suction from the surrounding lake or lake talik may have played a significant role during the formation of the upper ice core of the Messoyakha‐1 pingo and its additional growth.
Pulmonary embolism in pediatric age: A retrospective study from a tertiary center
Authors: Lopes de Bragança Raquel , Gorito Vanessa , Cibele Diana Gonçalves , Ricca Gonçalves Luciana , Ribeiro Augusto , Baptista Maria João , Azevedo Inês 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionPediatric pulmonary embolism (PE) is rare but associated with adverse outcomes. We aimed to characterize PE cases admitted in a tertiary hospital and to evaluate sensitivity of selected PE diagnostic prediction tools.MethodsRetrospective, descriptive study of PE cases admitted from 2008 to 2020 using data collected from hospital records. Patients were grouped according to PE severity and setting (outpatients vs. inpatients). Links and correlation with demographic characteristics, risk factors, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes were analyzed. PE diagnostic prediction tools were applied.ResultsTwenty‐nine PE episodes occurred in 27 patients, 62.9% female, mean age 14.1 years. Most PE were central and split between massive or submassive. One was diagnosed in autopsy. Twenty outpatients, all adolescents, were admitted for classic PE symptoms; in half of them the diagnosis had been previously missed. Risk factors included contraceptives (65%), thrombophilia (35%), obesity (20%) and auto‐immunity (20%). Eight inpatients, diagnosed during cardiorespiratory deterioration (n = 5), or through incidental radiological findings (n = 3), were younger and had immobilization (87.5%), complex chronic diseases (75%), infections (75%) and central venous catheter (62.5%) as risk factors. Retrospectively,
d
‐dimer testing and adult scores performed better than pediatric scores (sensitivity 92.9%–96% vs. 85.7%–92.9%). Both pediatric scores missed a case with a positive family history.DiscussionPediatric PE diagnosis is often delayed or missed. Development of pediatric prediction tools from validated adult scores merits being explored. We argue clinical presentation and risk factors may be different in inpatients and outpatients and propose broader reliance on family history.
Determining normal values for lower trachea and bronchi size in children by computed tomography (CT)
Authors: Chalwadi Uday Kumar , Swamy Nayanatara , Agarwal Amit , Gauss Clinton Heath , Greenberg Stewart Bruce , Lyons Karen A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNormative data for central airway dimensions are a prerequisite to objectively assess large airway pathologies. Studies with computed tomography (CT) measurements of normal trachea and bronchi size in children are scarce.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to establish normal values of central airway dimensions in children by CT.MethodsThe study included chest CT studies from children aged 0–18 years. Any condition that predisposed the patient to have an abnormal tracheal or bronchial size was excluded. Airway diameters and cross‐sectional area (CSA) were measured using double oblique reconstructions at five levels: proximal trachea, mid‐trachea, distal trachea, right main bronchus, and left main bronchus.ResultsThe inclusion criteria were met by 110 subjects (mean age, 10.8 years; SD, 5.2 years). Various regression models that considered the relationship between patient demographics and anteroposterior (AP) diameter, transverse diameter, and CSA at each of the five levels were assessed. R2 was utilized to select the best model. Multiple formulae (using patient age) were developed to calculate expected normal dimensions for five levels in the central airways on the natural log scale. Finally, z‐scores were obtained for central airway dimensions at these five levels.ConclusionNormative data in pediatric central airways are crucial to identify large airway pathologies. We propose using the formulae devised in our study to calculate the predicted dimensions of central airways and their z‐scores in pediatric patients. Normative data from our study will aid in objective quantification of central airways, increase clinician confidence, and provide appropriate patient care.
Rethinking lifestyle and middle‐class migration in “left behind” regions
Authors: Goodwin‐Hawkins Bryonny , Dafydd Jones Rhys 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSo‐called “left behind” regions have gained infamy for working‐class discontent. Yet a concurrent phenomenon has gone unremarked: middle‐class lifestyles in peripheral places. This article examines how middle‐class migrants (defined by economic, social, and cultural capital) to peripheral regions envisage and enact their aspirations. Against presumed migration trajectories to growing urban centres or for better‐paid employment, we argue that seeming moves down the “escalator” reveal how inequalities between regions offer some migrants opportunities to enact middle‐class lifestyles affordably. We present a qualitative case study of West Wales and the Valleys, predominantly rural and post‐industrial and statistically among Europe's most deprived regions. Drawing from interviews with EU and UK in‐migrants alongside long‐term residents, we illustrate how three dimensions of quality of life—material, relational, subjective—are mobilised in middle‐class placemaking amidst peripherality. We demonstrate how spatial inequalities and career trade‐offs offer affordable material access to lifestyle and how middle‐class aspirations enable migrants to subjectively transform peripherality into enchantment.
Starch‐Based Membranes for Controlled Release of 5‐Fluorouracil In Vitro
Authors: Berkkan Aysel , Kondolot Solak Ebru , Asman Gulsen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStarch is a natural polymer that is among the sustainable materials and has the characteristics of being a green material in harmony with nature. In this study, a potential transdermal release system was evaluated by investigating 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) transfer through starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes in vitro. The effects of membrane thickness, starch/PVA blending ratio, pH, and temperature on the release of 5‐FU from the membranes were studied. At the end of the study, it was deduced that decrease in pH reduces the released amount of 5‐FU from starch/PVA membranes and 5‐FU transfer from membranes could be controlled within a fairly constant range. The diffusion coefficient was determined as 4.84
10−3, 4.49
10−3 and 2.54
10−3 cm2 s−1 for the pH of 7.4, 5.5, and 3.5, respectively. The activation energy for the permeation 5‐FU from starch/PVA membrane (60/40, v/v) was found to be 9.72 kJ mol−1.
Recent Advances in Colorimetric and Fluorescent Chemosensors for Ionic Species: Design, Principle and Optical Signalling Mechanism
Authors: Dongare Pravin R. , Gore Anil H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDevelopment of chemosensors for the biologically and chemically important ionic species has been an active area of research of supramolecular chemistry and received great attention because of their high sensitivity, selectivity, rapid response time and versatility. Moreover, exploration of new sensing mechanisms of interaction between recognition and signal reporting unit is of current interest. This minireview provides a detailed overview about the recent advances and developments in the field of colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors, summarized types of optical chemosensors with their design principles and discuss various sensing mechanisms and photophysical processes like metal‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT), ligand‐metal charge transfer (LMCT), photoinduced electron transfer (PET), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), paramagnetic fluorescence quenching, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), excimer/ exciplex formation that emerged in the past few years. Moreover, the mechanism of action of cation and anion chemosensors also summarizes in this review.
A Near‐Infrared Organic Fluorescent Probe for Broad Applications for Blood Vessels Imaging by High‐Throughput Screening via 3D‐Blood Vessel Models
Authors: Abdul Sisak Muhammad Asri , Louis Fiona , Aoki Ichio , Lee Sun Hyeok , Chang Young‐Tae , Matsusaki Michiya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBlood vessels are present in all of the organs, reflecting their importance for oxygen and nutrient delivery to the cells. Until now, no organic fluorophore has been reported for the live imaging of endothelium although the layer is the key to blood vessel functions. Here, the discovery of a blood vessel organic probe at near‐infrared (NIR) wavelength range (BV‐NIR) through an engineered blood capillary‐based screening system, which is a more physiological model than a conventional cell culture condition, is reported. This selected Cy5 based probe shows the highest specific adsorption property out of 240 candidates on the endothelium and is equivalent to an anti‐CD31 antibody in terms of intensity. The BV‐NIR probe indicating strong and stable in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo imaging of the endothelium even after histological immunostaining processes shows potential as a convenient tool for live imaging as well as for covisualization with a specific antibody.
Emerging Biomaterials‐Based Strategies for Inhibiting Vasculature Function in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Minting , Wu Caisheng , Ke Lingjie , Li Zhiguo , Wu Yun‐Long 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe constant feeding of oxygen and nutrients through the blood vasculature has a vital role in maintaining tumor growth. Interestingly, recent endeavors have shown that nanotherapeutics with the strategy to block tumor blood vessels feeding nutrients and oxygen for starvation therapy can be helpful in cancer treatment. However, this field has not been detailed. Hence, this review will present an exhaustive summary of the existing biomaterial based strategies to disrupt tumor vascular function for effective cancer treatment, including hydrogel or nanogel‐mediated local arterial embolism, thrombosis activator loaded nano‐material‐mediated vascular occlusion and anti‐vascular drugs that block tumor vascular function, which may be beneficial to the design of anti‐cancer nanomedicine by targeting the tumor vascular system.
Effects of two kinds of Kampo‐hozai, ninjinyoeito and kamikihito, on mental disorder‐like behaviors in senescence‐accelerated mouse‐prone 8 mice
Authors: Hirata Marika , Taniguchi Chise , Watanabe Takuya , Horikawa Toru , Akizuki Yufuko , Kubota Kaori , Katsurabayashi Shutaro , Iwasaki Katsunori 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAimNinjinyoeito (NYT) and kamikihito (KKT) are two types of a group of Japanese herbal medicines called ‘Kampo‐hozai’, which can improve depleted mental and physical energy in a variety of patients. NYT and KKT are therefore also expected to improve the symptoms of aging. However, evidence of the therapeutic effects of NYT and KKT on age‐related mental disorders in basic research remains scarce. The present study examined the effects of NYT and KKT on mental disorder‐like behaviors in senescence‐accelerated mouse‐prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a model of accelerated aging.MethodsSAMP8 mice were orally administered NYT or KKT (300 or 1000 mg/kg/d) starting from 12 weeks of age. A splash test was conducted at 21 weeks of age. An open‐field test was conducted at 20 and 33–34 weeks of age.ResultsTreatment with NYT, but not KKT, increased the grooming time of SAMP8 mice in the splash test at 21 weeks of age, suggesting that NYT ameliorates apathy‐like behavior. In contrast, treatment with KKT, but not NYT, increased the time spent by SAMP8 mice in the inner zone of the open‐field test at 33–34 weeks of age, suggesting that KKT ameliorates anxiety‐like behavior.ConclusionNYT and KKT may be useful for treating apathy and anxiety, respectively, in older individuals.
Octagon with finite bridge: free fermions and determinant identities
Authors: Kostov Ivan , Petkova Valentina B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We continue the study of the octagon form factor which helps to evaluate a class of four-point correlation functions in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory. The octagon is characterised, besides the kinematical parameters, by a “bridge” of ℓ propagators connecting two nonadjacent operators. In this paper we construct an operator representation of the octagon with finite bridge as an expectation value in the Fock space of free complex fermions. The bridge ℓ appears as the level of filling of the Dirac sea. We obtain determinant identities relating octagons with different bridges, which we derive from the expression of the octagon in terms of discrete fermionic oscillators. The derivation is based on the existence of a previously conjectured similarity transformation, which we find here explicitly.
A multi-representation approach to the contextual interference effect: effects of sequence length and practice
Authors: Verwey Willem B. , Wright David L. , Immink Maarten A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the long-term benefit of Random-Practice (RP) over Blocked-Practice (BP) within the contextual interference (CI) effect for motor learning. We addressed the extent to which motor sequence length and practice amount factors moderate the CI effect given that previous reports, often in applied research, have reported no long-term advantage from RP. Based on predictions arising from the Cognitive framework of Sequential Motor Behavior (C-SMB) and using the Discrete Sequence Production (DSP) task, two experiments were conducted to compare limited and extended practice amounts of 4- and 7-key sequences under RP and BP schedules. Twenty-four-hour delayed retention performance confirmed the C-SMB prediction that the CI-effect occurs only with short sequences that receive little practice. The benefit of RP with limited practice was associated with overnight motor memory consolidation. Further testing with single-stimulus as well as novel and unstructured (i.e., random) sequences indicated that limited practice under RP schedules enhances both reaction and chunking modes of sequence execution with the latter mode benefitting from the development of implicit and explicit forms of sequence representation. In the case of 7-key sequences, extended practice with RP and BP schedules provided for equivalent development of sequence representations. Higher explicit awareness of sequence structures was associated with faster completion of practiced but also of novel and unstructured sequences.
HER2-PI9 and HER2-I12: two novel and functionally active splice variants of the oncogene HER2 in breast cancer
Authors: Hart Vic , Silipo Marco , Satam Swapna , Gautrey Hannah , Kirby John , Tyson-Capper Alison 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, two novel alternative splice variants of HER2, named HER2-PI9 and HER2-I12, were identified in breast cancer cell lines and breast tumour tissues. Whilst HER2-P19 arises from the inclusion of an 117 bp cassette-exon of intron 9 of HER2, HER2-I12 results from intron 12 inclusion. In silico analyses were performed to predict the amino acid sequences of these two HER2 novel variants. To confirm their protein expression, plasmid vectors were generated and transfected into the HER2 negative breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Additionally, their functional properties in oncogenic signalling were confirmed. Expression of HER2-PI9 and HER2-I12 was successful and matched the in silico predictions. Importantly, these splice variants can modulate the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt/protein kinase B (Akt) signalling in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Enhanced cellular proliferation, migration and invasion were observed in the case of the HER2-I12 expressing model. In human tissues and breast carcinoma tumours both variants were present. This study reveals two novel splice variants of HER2. Additionally, the potential biological activity for HER2-PI9 and HER2-I12 in breast cancer cells is also reported..
Osteoporose bei pneumologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Muschitz Christian , Zwick Ralf Harun , Haschka Judith , Dimai Hans Peter , Rauner Martina , Amrein Karin , Wakolbinger Robert , Jaksch Peter , Eber Ernst , Pietschmann Peter 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungAsthma und COPD sind die häufigsten obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen. Die chronische Inflammation bedingt eine Induktion von proinflammatorischen Zytokinkaskaden. Neben der systemischen Inflammation tragen Hypoxämie, Hyperkapnie, eine katabole Stoffwechsellage, eine gonadale oder eine Schilddrüsendysfunktion, eine muskuloskelettale Dysfunktion und Inaktivität sowie Vitamin D‑Mangel zu einem erhöhten Knochenbruchrisiko bei. Iatrogene Ursachen der Osteoporose sind die zum Teil langjährigen Anwendungen von inhalativen oder systemischen Glukokortikoiden (GC). Die inhalative GC Applikation bei Asthma ist oft schon im Kindes- und Jugendalter indiziert, aber auch interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen wie die chronisch organisierende Pneumonie, die Sarkoidose oder rheumatische Erkrankungen mit Lungenbeteiligung werden mit inhalativen oder oralen GC behandelt. Bei PatientInnen mit zystischer Fibrose kommt es durch die Malabsorption im Rahmen der Pankreasinsuffizienz, durch Hypogonadismus und chronische Inflammation mit erhöhter Knochenresorption zu einer Abnahme der Knochenstruktur. Nach Lungentransplantation ist die Immunsuppression mit GC ein Risikofaktor.Die pneumologischen Grunderkrankungen führen zu einer Veränderung der trabekulären und kortikalen Mikroarchitektur des Knochens und zu einer Verminderung von osteologischen Formations- und Resorptionsmarkern. Hyperkapnie, Azidose und Vitamin D‑Mangel können diesen Prozess beschleunigen und somit das individuelle Risiko für osteoporotische Fragilitätsfrakturen erhöhen.Eine Knochendichtemessung mit einem T‑Score < −2,5 ist ein Schwellenwert zur Diagnose der Osteoporose, die überwiegende Mehrzahl aller osteoporotischen Frakturen tritt bei einem T‑Score von > −2,5 auf. Eine niedrig-traumatische Fraktur in der Anamnese indiziert eine osteologische Therapie.Neben der Optimierung des Vitamin D‑Spiegels sind sämtliche in Österreich zur Behandlung der Osteoporose zugelassenen antiresorptiv oder anabol wirksamen Medikamente auch bei pneumologischen PatientInnen mit einem erhöhten Knochenbruchrisiko entsprechend der nationalen Erstattungskriterien indiziert.
The assessment of returning to work following treatment and the associated personal, disease, and treatment factors among breast cancer survivors in central China
Authors: Li Min , Gao Jinnan , Li Ming , Wang Linying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the status of returning to work (RTW) following breast cancer treatment and to explore its associated factors among female patients.

Methods
Four-hundred-forty-two eligible patients admitted in a tertiary hospital since 2012 were followed up in 2018. Information about working status after treatment, date of RTW or reason for not RTW was obtained during a 30-min interview. Patients’ sociodemographic, disease, and treatment characteristics were retrieved from the hospital record. Overall prevalence rate and probability of RTW during the follow-up were estimated using Kaplan–Meier method. Factors associated with RTW were identified using regression analyses.

Results
Three-hundred-ninety-six patients (89.6%) completed the follow-up. The median follow-up was 31 months. Among them, 141 patents (35.6%) RTW of whom 68.1% (n = 96) were back within 12 months after cancer treatment. The reported reasons for not RTW included: prolonged fatigue, low self-esteem, lack of support from family and working unit, or voluntarily quitting. Patients aged under 50 years, being single, having higher level of education, not having extensive axillary node procedure, or without any comorbidities were more likely to RTW.

Conclusion
The rate of RTW after cancer treatment in this cohort was lower than those reported in others. Both personal and treatment factors were associated with RTW.
Quality assessment for site characterization at seismic stations
Authors: Di Giulio Giuseppe , Cultrera Giovanna , Cornou Cécile , Bard Pierre-Yves , Al Tfaily Bilal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany applications related to ground-motion studies and engineering seismology benefit from the opportunity to easily download large dataset of earthquake recordings with different magnitudes. In such applications, it is important to have a reliable seismic characterization of the stations to introduce appropriate correction factors for including site amplification. Generally, seismic networks in Europe describe the site properties of a station through geophysical or geological reports, but often ad-hoc field surveys are missing and the characterization is done using indirect proxy. It is then necessary to evaluate the quality of a seismic characterization, accounting for the available site information, the measurements procedure and the reliability of the applied methods to obtain the site parameters.In this paper, we propose a strategy to evaluate the quality of site characterization, to be included in the station metadata. The idea is that a station with a good site characterization should have a larger ranking with respect to one with poor or incomplete information. The proposed quality metric includes the computation of three indices, which take into account the reliability of the available site indicators, their number and importance, together with their consistency defined through scatter plots for each single pair of indicators. For this purpose, we consider the seven indicators identified as most relevant in a companion paper (Cultrera et al. 2021): fundamental resonance frequency, shear-wave velocity profile, time-averaged shear-wave velocity over the first 30 m, depth of both seismological and engineering bedrock, surface geology and soil class.