bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tonic Immobility Is Influenced by Starvation, Life Stage, and Body Mass in Ixodid Ticks
Authors: Oyen Kennan J , Croucher Lillian , Benoit Joshua B 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ability to escape predation modulates predator–prey interactions and represents a crucial aspect of organismal life history, influencing feeding, mating success, and survival. Thanatosis, also known as death feigning or tonic immobility (TI), is taxonomically widespread, but understudied in blood-feeding vectors. Hematophagous arthropods, such as ticks, are unique among animals as their predators (birds, mice, lizards, frogs, and other invertebrates) may also be their source of food. Therefore, the trade-off between predator avoidance and host-seeking may shift as the time since the last bloodmeal increases. Because ticks are slow-moving and unable to fly, or otherwise escape, we predicted that they may use TI to avoid predation, but that TI would be influenced by time since the last bloodmeal (starvation). We therefore aimed to quantify this relationship, examining the effect of starvation, body mass, and ontogeny on TI for two tick species: Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Acari: Ixodidae). As we predicted, the duration and use of TI decreased with time since feeding and emergence across species and life stages. Therefore, ticks may become more aggressive in their search for a bloodmeal as they continue to starve, opting to treat potential predators as hosts, rather than avoiding predation by feigning death. Antipredator behaviors such as TI may influence the intensity and amount of time ticks spend searching for hosts, driving patterns of tick-borne pathogen transmission. This identification and quantification of a novel antipredation strategy add a new component to our understanding of tick life history.
The dosimetry evaluation of 3D printing non-coplanar template-assisted CT-guided 125I seed stereotactic ablation brachytherapy for pelvic recurrent rectal cancer after external beam radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Hao , Peng Ran , Li Xuemin , Wang Yuxia , Jiang Yuliang , Ji Zhe , Guo Fuxin , Tian Suqing , Sun Haitao , Fan Jinghong , Wang Junjie 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-guided 125I seed implantation assisted by a three-dimensional printing non-coplanar template (3D-PNCT) for treating pelvic locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) patients. A total of 13 patients with 18 masses received 125I seed implantation. The dosimetric parameters of pre-implantation and post-implantation were calculated to evaluate the quality of 125I seed implantation. Doses delivered to the organs at risk (OAR) were also calculated. Differences between pre-implantation and post-implantation were compared by the paired t-test. The mean number of 125I seeds pre-implantation and post-implantation was 67.1 and 68.8, respectively. The mean values of D90 (dose that was delivered to 90% of the target volume), D100 (dose that was delivered to 100% of the target volume), V100 (the target volume receiving 100% of the prescription dose) and V150 (the target volume receiving 150% of the prescription dose) pre-implantation and post-implantation were 136.6 and 135.2 Gy, 63.5 and 71.0 Gy, 90.3% and 90.3% and 62.1% and 62.2%, respectively. Dosimetric outcomes were evaluated quantitatively using the dose volume indices, i.e. coverage index (CI), external volume index (EI) and relative dose homogeneity index (HI). The mean values of those indices pre-implantation and post-implantation were 0.62 and 0.61, 0.31 and 0.33, and 0.31 and 0.31, respectively. The mean doses delivered to OAR pre-implantation and post-implantation for the bladder (D2cc) and bowel (D2cc) were 33.4 and 34.4 Gy, and 58.6 and 61.8 Gy, respectively. The parameters mentioned above fitted well, and no significant difference was found among them. It is concluded that CT-guided 125I seed implantation assisted by 3D-PNCT could be a safe and accurate salvage modality for treating LRRC patients; the ideal pre-prescription dose could be achieved. Also, addition of 3D-PNCT could minimize radiation damage to the surrounding normal tissues.
A rare case of thymoma with entire-tumor calcification
Authors: Asakawa Ayaka , Ishibashi Hironori , Kobayashi Masashi , Shirai Toshizumi , Okubo Kenichi 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
A 49-year-old woman presented with cough, and chest X-rays showed an abnormal shadow. Chest computed tomography showed an anterior mediastinal 40-mm mass with massive calcification. The patient underwent mediastinal tumor excision performed using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Pathological findings revealed the tumor to be a type B3 thymoma, with massive calcification occupying almost all of the thymoma. Due to high risk of recurrence, we performed completion thymectomy. Pathological findings revealed no remaining thymoma tissue in the residual thymus. Mediastinal tumor with entire calcification could be a candidate for surgical excision.
An unusually delayed presentation of massive haematemesis following stab injury to the chest
Authors: Adesuyi Abidemi A , Situ Oladele O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Penetrating thoracoabdominal injury is a common presentation in the trauma resuscitation room with the possibility of a myriad of injuries which may involve thoracic and abdominal viscera. Management is usually operative however non-operative management is a possibility especially following knife stab injuries when compared with gunshot injuries. Clinical presentation will depend on the injured organ, extent of injury and time from injury to presentation. Unusual presentation of delayed haematemesis is a possibility with injury to the stomach, however, due to its rarity, a high index of suspicion with emergency surgery will help to mitigate the fatal consequences that may follow. This type of presentation is not documented in the available on-line literature which portends the importance of this paper. This case highlights the possibility of this clinical presentation and importance of early management to improve patient outcome.
Lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed incidentally after renal biopsy for suspected right renal cancer
Authors: Nepal Sat Prasad , Shichijo Takeshi , Ogawa Yoshio , Nakasato Takehiko , Nakagami Yoshihiro , Morita Jun , Oshinomi Kazuhiko , Maeda Yoshiko , Unoki Tsutomu , Inoue Tatsuki , Kato Ryosuke , Amano Satoshi , Mizunuma Moyuru 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a case of lung adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the right clear cell renal cell carcinoma diagnosed by computed tomography (CT)-guided renal biopsy and immunohistochemistry. A 72-year-old male patient had right lower abdominal pain for 3 days, followed by right loin pain for 10 days. On CT scan, renal cell cancer was suspected with multiple metastases. Renal cell cancer with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma was diagnosed on CT-guided renal biopsy with positive immunohistochemical markers. The patient, unfortunately, expired after few days of diagnosis. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is an unusual disease, and its tumors are aggressive. A definite diagnosis of tumor-to-tumor metastasis is a clinical challenge. Immunohistochemistry helped us in the diagnosis without the primary lesion biopsy.
Religious ‘Slogans’ in 1 Corinthians: Wit, Wisdom, and the Quest for Status in a Roman Colony
Authors: Holloway Paul A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
First Corinthians contains a number of well-known maxims, commonly called ‘slogans’ in the commentary tradition, but which Paul’s contemporaries would have called sententiae (Gk. γνῶμαι). A handful of these appear to have been coined by rival teachers at Corinth. Others have obviously been composed by Paul himself, often in direct response to his competitors. Commentators have long studied these ‘slogans’, especially those attributable to Paul’s rivals, for information about the Corinthian assembly. But why sententiae in the first place? And why at Corinth and not, say, at Paul’s earlier foundation at Thessalonica? The answer to these neglected questions lies in the essential role sententiae came to play in the elite rhetoric of Paul’s day, rhetoric Paul first confronted at Corinth. Paul would always lack the education to match the easy eloquence of his cultural betters. But he could with effort imitate their genus dicendi or way of speaking in his written correspondence, which he first attempts in 1 Corinthians. The mixed result is neatly summarized in 2 Corinthians 10:10: ‘His letters, they say, are weighty and strong; nevertheless, his physical presentation is weak and his speech contemptible’. Readers of Paul’s Corinthian letters do well to consider his cultural precarity.
Dynamic histone acetylation in floral volatile synthesis and emission in petunia flowers
Authors: Patrick Ryan M , Huang Xing-Qi , Dudareva Natalia , Li Ying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBiosynthesis of secondary metabolites relies on primary metabolic pathways to provide precursors, energy, and cofactors, thus requiring coordinated regulation of primary and secondary metabolic networks. However, to date, it remains largely unknown how this coordination is achieved. Using Petunia hybrida flowers, which emit high levels of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we uncovered genome-wide dynamic deposition of histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) during anthesis as an underlying mechanism to coordinate primary and secondary metabolic networks. The observed epigenome reprogramming is accompanied by transcriptional activation at gene loci involved in primary metabolic pathways that provide precursor phenylalanine, as well as secondary metabolic pathways to produce volatile compounds. We also observed transcriptional repression among genes involved in alternative phenylpropanoid branches that compete for metabolic precursors. We show that GNAT family histone acetyltransferase(s) (HATs) are required for the expression of genes involved in VOC biosynthesis and emission, by using chemical inhibitors of HATs, and by knocking down a specific HAT gene, ELP3, through transient RNAi. Together, our study supports that regulatory mechanisms at chromatin level may play an essential role in activating primary and secondary metabolic pathways to regulate VOC synthesis in petunia flowers.
Initial Clinical Laboratory Response to COVID-19: A Survey of Medical Laboratory Professionals
Authors: Nuñez-Argote Letycia , Baker Dana P , Jones Andrew P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
To explore the experiences of medical laboratory professionals (MLPs) and their perceptions of the needs of clinical laboratories in response to COVID-19.

Methods
We surveyed laboratory professionals working in United States clinical laboratories during the initial months of the pandemic.

Results
Overall clinical laboratory testing and overtime work for laboratorians decreased during the first months of the pandemic. Laboratory professionals reported better or unchanged job satisfaction, feelings toward their work, and morale in their workplace, which were related to healthcare facility and laboratory leadership response. They reported receiving in-kind gifts, but no hazard pay, for their essential work. Important supply needs included reagents and personal protective equipment (PPE).

Conclusion
The response by healthcare facilities and laboratory leadership can influence MLPs job satisfaction, feelings toward their work, and laboratory morale during a pandemic. Current COVID-19 laboratory testing management, in the absence of sufficient reagents and supplies, cannot fully address the needs of clinical laboratories.
Breastfeeding During Military Service: Different Countries, Different Possibilities
Authors: Holmquist Ivana , Pohnan Radek , Stritecka Hana , Spevakova Barbora , Vasek Tomas , Bostikova Vanda 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Breastfeeding is a human biological norm that is widely acknowledged as the ideal form of nutrition for all infants. Human milk saves lives, improves long-term health for the both mother and infant, and significantly reduces health care-related costs. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months and thereafter to continue with breastfeeding, in addition to complimentary foods for at least 1 year or longer. The World Health Organization extends this recommendation to at least 2 years or beyond this age.

Materials and Methods
Multiple complex policies and directives would not be necessary if a federal law would entitle all new mothers to an adequate length of paid maternity leave and would protect parents during the time they personally care for their infants. Although a nationally mandated maternity leave is not available, the DoD should create a coherent global policy applicable to all active duty personnel across all branches of the U.S. Military. A global policy would govern positive change across all military branches and create consistent work conditions conducive for mothers to achieve their personal breastfeeding goals. In addition, a global policy would improve the military employees’ health as well as maintain retention of military personnel.

Results
A comparison of the U.S. Armed Forces to the Czech Armed Forces shows that the individual breastfeeding policies and directives of the U.S. Military branches are certainly steps in the right direction to support breastfeeding military members.

Conclusion
The well-documented evidence of long-term breastfeeding health benefits in addition to the economic benefits justifies such global military policy and would be a foundation to a national maternity leave policy, given that the USA is the only developed country without nationally mandated statutory entitlement to paid maternity leave.
CARPool: fast, accurate computation of large-scale structure statistics by pairing costly and cheap cosmological simulations
Authors: Chartier Nicolas , Wandelt Benjamin , Akrami Yashar , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
To exploit the power of next-generation large-scale structure surveys, ensembles of numerical simulations are necessary to give accurate theoretical predictions of the statistics of observables. High-fidelity simulations come at a towering computational cost. Therefore, approximate but fast simulations, surrogates, are widely used to gain speed at the price of introducing model error. We propose a general method that exploits the correlation between simulations and surrogates to compute fast, reduced-variance statistics of large-scale structure observables without model error at the cost of only a few simulations. We call this approach Convergence Acceleration by Regression and Pooling (CARPool). In numerical experiments with intentionally minimal tuning, we apply CARPool to a handful of gadget-iii N-body simulations paired with surrogates computed using COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration. We find ∼100-fold variance reduction even in the non-linear regime, up to $k_\mathrm{max} \approx 1.2\, h {\rm Mpc^{-1}}$ for the matter power spectrum. CARPool realizes similar improvements for the matter bispectrum. In the nearly linear regime CARPool attains far larger sample variance reductions. By comparing to the 15 000 simulations from the Quijote suite, we verify that the CARPool estimates are unbiased, as guaranteed by construction, even though the surrogate misses the simulation truth by up to $60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at high k. Furthermore, even with a fully configuration-space statistic like the non-linear matter density probability density function, CARPool achieves unbiased variance reduction factors of up to ∼10, without any further tuning. Conversely, CARPool can be used to remove model error from ensembles of fast surrogates by combining them with a few high-accuracy simulations.
Non-thermal radio supernova remnants of exiled Wolf–Rayet stars
Authors: Meyer D M-A , Pohl M , Petrov M , Oskinova L 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
A signification fraction of Galactic massive stars (${\ge}8\, \rm M_{\odot }$) are ejected from their parent cluster and supersonically sail away through the interstellar medium (ISM). The winds of these fast-moving stars blow asymmetric bubbles thus creating a circumstellar environment in which stars eventually die with a supernova explosion. The morphology of the resulting remnant is largely governed by the circumstellar medium of the defunct progenitor star. In this paper, we present 2D magneto-hydrodynamical simulations investigating the effect of the ISM magnetic field on the shape of the supernova remnants of a $35\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ star evolving through a Wolf–Rayet phase and running with velocity 20 and $40\, \rm km\, \rm s^{-1}$, respectively. A $7\, \mu \rm G$ ambient magnetic field is sufficient to modify the properties of the expanding supernova shock front and in particular to prevent the formation of filamentary structures. Prior to the supernova explosion, the compressed magnetic field in the circumstellar medium stabilizes the wind/ISM contact discontinuity in the tail of the wind bubble. A consequence is a reduced mixing efficiency of ejecta and wind materials in the inner region of the remnant, where the supernova shock wave propagates. Radiative transfer calculations for synchrotron emission reveal that the non-thermal radio emission has characteristic features reflecting the asymmetry of exiled core-collapse supernova remnants from Wolf–Rayet progenitors. Our models are qualitatively consistent with the radio appearance of several remnants of high-mass progenitors, namely the bilateral G296.5+10.0 and the shell-type remnants CTB109 and Kes 17, respectively.
Constraining red supergiant mass-loss prescriptions through supernova radio properties
Authors: Moriya Takashi J 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Supernova (SN) properties in radio strongly depend on their circumstellar environment and they are an important probe to investigate the mass-loss of SN progenitors. Recently, core-collapse SN observations in radio have been assembled and the rise time and peak luminosity distribution of core-collapse SNe at 8.4 GHz has been estimated. In this paper, we constrain the mass-loss prescriptions for red supergiants (RSGs) by using the rise time and peak luminosity distribution of Type II SNe in radio. We take the de Jager and van Loon mass-loss rates for RSGs, calculate the rise time and peak luminosity distribution based on them, and compare the results with the observed distribution. We found that the de Jager mass-loss rate explains the widely spread radio rise time and peak luminosity distribution of Type II SNe well, while the van Loon mass-loss rate predicts a relatively narrow range for the rise time and peak luminosity. We conclude that the mass-loss prescriptions of RSGs should have strong dependence on the luminosity as in the de Jager mass-loss rate to reproduce the widely spread distribution of the rise time and peak luminosity in radio observed in Type II SNe.
Four-pronged negative feedback of DSB machinery in meiotic DNA-break control in mice
Authors: Dereli Ihsan , Stanzione Marcello , Olmeda Fabrizio , Papanikos Frantzeskos , Baumann Marek , Demir Sevgican , Carofiglio Fabrizia , Lange Julian , de Massy Bernard , Baarends Willy M , Turner James , Rulands Steffen , Tóth Attila 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In most taxa, halving of chromosome numbers during meiosis requires that homologous chromosomes (homologues) pair and form crossovers. Crossovers emerge from the recombination-mediated repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs are generated by SPO11, whose activity requires auxiliary protein complexes, called pre-DSB recombinosomes. To elucidate the spatiotemporal control of the DSB machinery, we focused on an essential SPO11 auxiliary protein, IHO1, which serves as the main anchor for pre-DSB recombinosomes on chromosome cores, called axes. We discovered that DSBs restrict the DSB machinery by at least four distinct pathways in mice. Firstly, by activating the DNA damage response (DDR) kinase ATM, DSBs restrict pre-DSB recombinosome numbers without affecting IHO1. Secondly, in their vicinity, DSBs trigger IHO1 depletion mainly by another DDR kinase, ATR. Thirdly, DSBs enable homologue synapsis, which promotes the depletion of IHO1 and pre-DSB recombinosomes from synapsed axes. Finally, DSBs and three DDR kinases, ATM, ATR and PRKDC, enable stage-specific depletion of IHO1 from all axes. We hypothesize that these four negative feedback pathways protect genome integrity by ensuring that DSBs form without excess, are well-distributed, and are restricted to genomic locations and prophase stages where DSBs are functional for promoting homologue pairing and crossover formation.
Precision medicine approaches for diabetic kidney disease: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Tye Sok Cin , Denig Petra , Heerspink Hiddo J L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The prevalence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) continuously increases worldwide. The increasing prevalence parallels the growth in the number of people with diabetes, which is the leading cause of ESKD. Early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes and appropriate intervention is important to delay the progression of kidney function decline and prevent ESKD. Rate of CKD progression and response to treatment varies among patients with diabetes, highlighting the need to tailor individual treatment. In this review, we describe recent advances and areas for future studies with respect to precision medicine in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). DKD is a multi-factorial disease that is subject in part to genetic heritability, but is also influenced by various exogenous mediators, such as environmental or dietary factors. Genetic testing so far has limited utility to facilitate early diagnosis, classify progression or evaluate response to therapy. Various biomarker-based approaches are currently explored to identify patients at high risk of ESKD and to facilitate decision-making for targeted therapy. These studies have led to discovery and validation of a couple of inflammatory proteins such as circulating tumour necrosis factor receptors, which are strong predictors of kidney disease progression. Moreover, risk and drug-response scores based on multiple biomarkers are developed to predict kidney disease progression and long-term drug efficacy. These findings, if implemented in clinical practice, will pave the way to move from a one-size-fits-all to a one-fit-for-everyone approach.