bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining transition reaches between torrents and downstream rivers using a valley morphology index in a mountainous landscape
Authors: Kuo Cheng‐Wei , Tfwala Samkele , Chen Su‐Chin , An Hsuan‐Pei , Chu Fang‐Yi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDividing rivers into homogeneous reaches is key for river processes and watershed management. In contrast to downstream fluvially dominated rivers, upstream debris‐flow dominated torrents have steeper channel slopes and smaller valley width/depth ratios. Investigating transition reaches between torrents and fluvially dominated rivers, not only explores the structure of the landscape, but also contributes to hazard management. This study proposed a valley morphology index combining two variables, channel slope and valley width/depth ratio, to determine transition reaches between torrents and rivers. The methodology was applied to 41 mountain streams in Taiwan using a Geographic Information System (GIS)‐based topographic analysis. Plots of valley width/depth ratio versus channel slope were used to determine boundary values of the valley morphology index (Iv) separating torrents from rivers. The plots showed that about 80% of the river basins present “L‐shaped” curves, which indicate sharp decreases in slope for upstream sections and dramatic increases of valley width/depth ratio for downstream sections. Results further demonstrated an average value ofIv0.0047 across the study sites. Spatial comparison between geographic regions indicated that transition reaches in eastern rivers tend to occur lower in the drainage basin due, in part, to higher terrain. Local factors, such as tributary confluences and landslides promote the transition from torrents to fluvially dominated rivers. Satellite images verified that the approach correctly identified transition reaches, suggesting that it may provide a useful reference for river management.
The Biscuit Brook and Neversink Reservoir watersheds: Long‐term investigations of stream chemistry, soil chemistry and aquatic ecology in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA, 1983–2020
Authors: Murdoch Peter S. , Burns Douglas A. , McHale Michael R. , Siemion Jason , Baldigo Barry P. , Lawrence Gregory B. , George Scott D. , Antidormi Michael R. , Bonville Donald B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis data note describes the Biscuit Brook and Neversink Reservoir watershed long‐term monitoring data that includes: 1) stream discharge, (1983–2020 for Biscuit Brook and 1937–2020 for the Neversink Reservoir watershed), 2) stream water chemistry, 1983–2020, at 4 stations, 3) fish survey data from 16 locations in the watershed 1990–2019, 4) soil chemistry data from 2 headwater sub‐watersheds, 1993–2012 and 5) periodic stream water chemistry sampling data from 364 locations throughout the watershed, 1983–2020. The Neversink Reservoir watershed in the Catskill Mountains of New York, USA drains an area of 172.5 km2. The watershed feeds one of six reservoirs in New York City's West of Hudson water supply, which accounts for about 90% of the city's water supply. Biscuit Brook is a 9.63 km2 tributary sub‐watershed within the Neversink Reservoir watershed.
Estimation of anisotropic hydraulic conductivity using geophysical data in a coastal aquifer of Karnataka, India
Authors: Bangalore Nagaraj Priyanka , Mandalagiri Subbarayappa Mohan Kumar , Jean‐Michel Vouillamoz , Hoareau Johan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEstimation of hydraulic parameters is essential to understand the interaction between groundwater flow and seawater intrusion. Though several studies have addressed hydraulic parameter estimation, based on pumping tests as well as geophysical methods, not many studies have addressed the problem with clayey formations being present. In this study, a methodology is proposed to estimate anisotropic hydraulic conductivity and porosity values for the coastal aquifer with unconsolidated formations. For this purpose, the one‐dimensional resistivity of the aquifer and the groundwater conductivity data are used to estimate porosity at discrete points. The hydraulic conductivity values are estimated by its mutual dependence with porosity and petrophysical parameters. From these estimated values, the bilinear relationship between hydraulic conductivity and aquifer resistivity is established based on the clay content of the sampled formation. The methodology is applied on a coastal aquifer along with the coastal Karnataka, India, which has significant clayey formations embedded in unconsolidated rock. The estimation of hydraulic conductivity values from the established correlations has a correlation coefficient of 0.83 with pumping test data, indicating good reliability of the methodology. The established correlations also enable the estimation of horizontal hydraulic conductivity on two‐dimensional resistivity sections, which was not addressed by earlier studies. The inventive approach of using the established bilinear correlations at one‐dimensional to two‐dimensional resistivity sections is verified by the comparison method. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity agrees with previous findings from inverse modelling. Additionally, this study provides critical insights into the estimation of vertical hydraulic conductivity and an equation is formulated which relates vertical hydraulic conductivity with horizontal. Based on the approach presented, the anisotropic hydraulic conductivity of any type aquifer with embedded clayey formations can be estimated. The anisotropic hydraulic conductivity has the potential to be used as an important input to the groundwater models.
Risk factors for immune‐related adverse events from anti‐PD‐1 or anti‐PD‐L1 treatment in an Asian cohort of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Huang Yiqing , Soon Yu Yang , Aminkeng Folefac , Tay Sen Hee , Ang Yvonne , Kee Adrian C. L. , Goh Boon Cher , Wong Alvin S. C. , Soo Ross A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImmune‐related adverse events (IrAEs) of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can be serious and unpredictable. We examine the incidence rate and risk factors for IrAEs in an Asian cohort of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immunotherapy. Between June 2014 and August 2020, we retrospectively analysed IrAEs in NSCLC patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 or anti‐PD‐L1 inhibitors at the National University Cancer Institute, Singapore. A Poisson regression model was used to estimate the effect of risk factors on incidence rate of any grade IrAEs. One hundred and forty‐one patients were enrolled. Median age was 63. Majority were male (67%) with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS 0‐1 (77%). More than half (56%) received pembrolizumab. Eleven percent harboured epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. Eighteen percent received concomitant chemotherapy. Median number of cycles was 4, and median duration of treatment was 2.1 months. IrAEs were seen in 71 (50.4%) patients, with an incidence rate of 99 events per 1000 person‐months. Fatigue (25%), rash (10.5%) and pneumonitis (7.9%) were the most common IrAEs. Twenty out of 152 IrAEs (13.2%) were Grade 3 or higher in severity: most common being pneumonitis (5.3%), fatigue (3.3%) and transaminitis (1.3%). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that concomitant chemotherapy use, higher BMI and presence of EGFR mutation are significant predictors for IrAEs (P < .0001; P = .016; P = .007). Our findings can help guide risk stratification and monitoring of IrAEs among NSCLC patients on immunotherapy.
Treatment of 120 adult osteosarcoma patients with metachronous and synchronous metastases: A retrospective series of the French Sarcoma Group
Authors: Lavit Elise , Aldea Mihaela , Piperno‐Neumann Sophie , Firmin Nelly , Italiano Antoine , Isambert Nicolas , Kurtz Jean‐Emmanuel , Delcambre Corinne , Lebrun Valérie , Soibinet‐Oudot Pauline , Chevreau Christine , Bompas Emmanuelle , Le Maignan Christine , Boudou‐Rouquette Pascaline , Le Cesne Axel , Mancini Julien , Blay Jean‐Yves , Duffaud Florence 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTreatment options for metastatic osteosarcomas are scarce. Following failure of standard first line therapy, patients who relapse present a challenging treatment dilemma, and have a poor prognosis. Surgical removal of all metastases is essential. A retrospective analysis of patients with metastatic osteosarcomas was conducted in 15 French Sarcoma Group centers. From January 2009 to December 2018, we identified 120 adult patients; 36 with synchronous and 84 with metachronous metastases with 74 males and 46 females. Mean age was 30 years (18‐53). Metastatic sites were lung, bone and other in 91, 11 and 24 patients, respectively. Mean time to first metachronous metastases was 22 months (4‐97). All patients except 13 (10.8%) with metachronous metastases received a first line systemic treatment for relapse, and 39 patients (32.5%) were included in a clinical trial. Eighty‐one patients (67.5%) had local treatment of distant metastases. Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5.5 (95% CI 4.6‐6.4) and 20.5 months (95% CI 13.2‐27.7) respectively for the overall group. In multivariate analysis, more than five metastases, time to first metastases <24 months, were statistically significant negative prognostic factors for OS and PFS (P = .002, ≤.001 and P = .006, ≤.001, respectively). Surgery of metastases was associated with better prognosis on OS and PFS (P = .001 and .037, respectively). The presence of bone metastases was a negative prognostic factor on OS but not on PFS (P = .021). In reference sarcoma centers, relapsed osteosarcoma patients with more than one metastasis commonly receive more than one line of systemic therapy, and are included in clinical trial if available.
A Beginner's Guide to Organic Semiconductor Photoelectrodes for the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Apaydin Dogukan H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrganic semiconductors (OSCs) have been utilized in many applications like organic light emitting diodes, transistors, solar cells and biosensors. Their conjugated structure allows the transportation of electrons and holes through chain and between chains. Their band gap can be engineered to match certain parts of the absorption spectrum. OSCs also possess functional moieties that allow them to attach to certain surfaces or capture certain molecules like carbon dioxide. All these properties make OSCs ideal candidates to be utilized in catalytic applications. However, to this date OSCs have been seldomly exploited in photoelectrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. This review aims to give insights to basics of photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction and shows examples of OSCs that are utilized for CO2RR as photoelectrocatalysts.
Mechanically Responsive Organic Crystals by Light
Authors: Koshima Hideko , Hasebe Shodai , Hagiwara Yuki , Asahi Toru 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMechanically responsive molecular crystals that exhibit macroscopic motions such as bending, twisting, and locomotion by light and heat have been studied intensively over the past decade. Photoisomerization has been applied to induce various motions, especially the bending of typical photochromic crystals, e. g., diarylethene and azobenzene. Phase transition is another mechanism underlying crystal actuation. Moreover, photothermal effect is a promising mechanism that has the potential to actuate any crystals that absorb light, including those for which actuation cannot be achieved by photoisomerization or phase transitions. Molecular crystals have an advantage over polymers and gels in terms of having a higher elastic modulus and stronger output force. However, previous studies of mechanical crystals have been limited mostly to basic research. There is a need to address the practical application of such mechanically responsive crystals in sensors, switches, actuators, and soft robots.
Incidence and disability‐adjusted life years of maternal disorders at the global, regional, and national levels from 2007 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Huang Hui , Ma Junrong , Ling Shiliang , Han Liyuan , Jiang Guozhi , Xu Wenjie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report the global burden of maternal disorders and their main subcategories in 195 countries and territories between 2007 and 2017.MethodsThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimated maternal disease burden at global, regional, and country levels. Maternal disorders were disaggregated into 10 categories, and estimated incidence and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of maternal disorders were reported separately. Indicators were estimated in different geographic settings and different sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. Based on GBD 2017 estimates, we systematically examined the incidence and DALYs of maternal disorders and their main subcategories at the global, regional, and national levels during the period from 2007 to 2017 by age and SDI.ResultsGlobally, a total of 7.98 million maternal disorders occurred in 2017, with a 4.33% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3.24%–5.60%) decrease in age‐standardized incidence rate and a more significant decrease (30.26%) in the age‐standardized rate of DALYs. Most incidences and DALYs were found in low‐income and middle‐income countries, especially in the sub‐Saharan region. The greatest incidence of maternal disorders was found to be in maternal abortion and miscarriage (2.00 million), and the highest disease burden was in maternal hemorrhage (2.23 million).ConclusionA slight increase in the incidence of maternal disorders and substantial reductions in DALYs of overall maternal disorders and their main subcategories were found from 2007 to 2017, especially in low‐income countries and the sub‐Saharan region. Maternal hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and indirect maternal death were the top three causes of maternal disorders disease burden.
Simultaneous use of high‐volume Foley catheter (60 ml) and misoprostol for labor induction in nulliparous women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Soni Anjali , Sharma Aarti , Sharma Chanderdeep , Verma Suresh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the simultaneous effect of high‐volume Foley catheter (HVFC) (60 ml) and vaginal misoprostol on labor induction in nulliparous women.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial was conducted among nulliparous post‐date (>40 weeks) pregnant women between June and December 2019. At enrollment 100 women were randomized into each group (either HVFC and vaginal misoprostol or low‐volume Foley catheter [LVFC] [30 ml] and vaginal misoprostol), for labor induction. Demographic and clinical data were collected at enrollment and delivery.ResultsWomen in the HVFC group had statistically significantly shorter induction to delivery interval (median 860 min, interquartile range [IQR] 840–940 min vs. 1160 min, IQR 1080–1320 min, P < 0.001) and duration of labor (median 615 min, IQR 600–680 min vs. 750, IQR 692.5–800 min, P < 0.001). Mode of vaginal delivery (n = 94 vs. n = 78, P = 0.002), number of doses of misoprostol required (median 2, IQR 1–2 vs. 2, IQR 1–3), and need of oxytocin augmentation (n = 22 vs. n = 39, P = 0.014 and P < 0.001), was significantly better in the HVFC group. However, there was no significant difference with respect to other maternal or neonatal outcomes.ConclusionSimultaneous use of HVFC and vaginal misoprostol for labor induction significantly shortens the induction to delivery interval and duration of labor in nulliparous women.Trial RegistrationClinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2019/05/019394 (http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=31554&EncHid=&userName=Foley%20catheter).
Predictive value of peripheral blood α1‐acid glycoprotein in medical abortion outcomes with mifepristone and relativity of concentration
Authors: Li Fuyao , Shou Yueyao , Zhu Ruru , Chen Xiue , Shi Beibei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo illustrate the predictive value of peripheral blood α1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG) in abortion outcomes with mifepristone and the relativity of concentration.MethodsA total of 134 patients who met the criteria were enrolled. The AAG and mifepristone concentrations were determined, and Student's t‐test was used to assess significant differences in the levels of AAG between the complete and incomplete abortion groups.ResultsThe decrease in AAG concentration was associated with incomplete abortion, whereas the increase in AAG concentration was related to complete abortion (P < 0.01). In addition, the concentration of AAG was correlated with the concentration of mifepristone (r = 0.7375, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur preliminary results suggest that AAG may serve as a biomarker for the prediction of incomplete abortions.
Gene expression network related to DNA methylation and miRNA regulation during the process of aflatoxin B1‐induced malignant transformation of L02 cells
Authors: Zhao Ji , Chen Hong‐Qiang , Yang Hui‐Fang , Li Xiao‐Yu , Liu Wen‐Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAflatoxin is a secondary metabolite secreted by Aspergillus flavus, parasitic Aspergillus, and other fungi through the polyketone pathway, and it can be detected in many foods. Aflatoxin has strong toxicity and carcinogenicity, and many studies have shown that aflatoxin is highly associated with liver cancer. In the present study, malignant transformation of L02 cells was induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and the gene expression, miRNA expression, and methylation level were detected by high‐throughput sequencing. The gene and miRNA expression results showed that 2547 genes and 315 miRNAs were changed in the AFB1‐treated group compared with the DMSO group. Among them, RSAD2 and SCIN were significantly upregulated, whereas TRAPPC3L and UBE2L6 were significantly downregulated. Has‐miR‐33b‐3p was significantly upregulated, whereas Has‐miR‐3613‐5p was significantly downregulated. The methylation results showed that 2832 CpG sites were methylated on the promoter or coding DNA sequence (CDS) of the gene, whereas the expression of DNMT3a and DNMT3b was significantly upregulated. Moreover, hypermethylation occurred in TRAPPC3L, CDH13, and SPINK13. The results of GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that significantly changed genes and miRNAs were mainly involved in tumor formation, proliferation, invasion, and migration. The results of network map analysis showed that Hsa‐miR‐3613‐5p, Hsa‐miR‐615‐5p, Hsa‐miR‐615‐3p, and Hsa‐miR‐3158‐3p were the key miRNAs for malignant transformation of L02 cells induced by AFB1. In addition, the expression of ONECUT2, RAP1GAP2, and FSTL4 was regulated by DNA methylation and miRNAs. These results suggested that the gene expression network regulated by DNA methylation and miRNAs may play a vital role in AFB1‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Efficacy of peripheral arterial access for peripheral blood stem cells collection
Authors: Tian Min , Li Xiangmin , Liu Feng , Xu Dongmei , Sun Lanlan , Li Qiuhuan , Ling Yue , Bai Yingxue , Wu Xiaoling , Liu Yun , Qiao Jianhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransplantation of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) mobilized by cytokines is increasingly applied to treat patients with hematologic diseases, such as lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, etc. Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) increasingly depends on the collection of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from peripheral blood. Peripheral vein (PV) is the most common type of blood access. When the blood vessels are not well filled and the blood flow is insufficient, the machine will appear repeated low pressure alarm or pipeline coagulation, which seriously affects the collection efficiency. A peripheral artery (PA) is utilized for drawing blood, while a peripheral vein is used for blood return, that is a way to perform apheresis. The advantages of PA are that it ensures adequate extracorporeal circulation blood flow, stable blood flow rate, simple operation, and relatively low price. However, there are very few studies on the efficacy of peripheral arterial access for HSCs collection. Therefore, this retrospective study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of PA and PV access for PBSCs collection.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 150 apheresis procedures on 26 patients and 95 healthy donors collected by PV or PA access from March 1, 2020 to March 1, 2021. We compared the CD34+ cell count, collection efficiency (CE), duration of processing a single blood volume, number of low‐pressure alarms, average blood flow rate and number of punctures between the two groups. Also, we analyzed adverse events.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the quality of apheresis blood components between the PA group and the PV group. The CD34+ cells collected was 274.16 ± 216.31 × 106 in the PV group and 246.63 ± 127.94 × 106 in the PA group. The CE in the PA group was 49.50 ± 9.88%, higher than 42.39 ± 14.62% in the PV group. The duration of processing a single blood volume was 90.67 ± 15.35 min in the PV group and 79.68 ± 10.28 min in the PA group. The number of low‐pressure alarms in the PA group was 0.38 ± 0.98, <2.42 ± 1.76 in the PV group, and the average blood flow rate in the PA group was 59.27 ± 2.18, higher than 54.21 ± 3.41 in the PV group. The difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The Number of punctures was 1.35 ± 0.75 in the PA group and 1.41 ± 1.01 in the PV group. There was no statistically significant difference.ConclusionPeripheral artery is a safe, reliable, economical, convenient, and fast vascular access, which opens a new way to the establishment of vascular access for PBSCs collection.
Quick screening of true tyrosinase inhibitors from natural products using tyrosinase‐immobilized magnetic nanoparticles and a magnetic microplate: Part II melanogenesis bioactivity
Authors: Tsai Hwei‐yan , Hsieh Chih‐Chung , Chang Yun‐Ching , Lin Yi‐ching , Chen Sung‐Fang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe previously reported a rapid method for screening true tyrosinase inhibitors. Here, the identified active component from litchi flower extract was further confirmed using a tyrosinase inhibitory assay and inhibitory effects on melanogenesis of murine melanoma B16‐F1 cell to prove its bioactivity. This is the first report regarding the inhibitory effect of abscisic acid on melanogenesis. The crude extraction of litchi flower showed some degree of cell toxicity. This report would also like to remind people who want to use crude extraction of herbs to carefully check their toxicological test reports.