bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cardiac Amyloidosis: Unraveling the Stealth Entity
Authors: Shah Omair , Choh Naseer , Shera Tahleel , Shera Faiz , Gojwari Tariq , Shaheen Feroze , Robbani Irfan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmyloidosis is a systemic disease involving many organs. Cardiac involvement is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis is based on endomyocardial biopsy which however is invasive and associated with complications. Noninvasive methods of diagnosis include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with various methods and sequences involved. Our study aims at describing MRI features of cardiac amyloidosis including new imaging sequences and to prognosticate the patients based on imaging features. We included 35 patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis who underwent MRI at our center over 4 years. All images were retrieved from our archive and assessed by an experienced radiologist. Common morphological features in our patients included increased wall thickness of left ventricle (LV) (16. 1 ± 4.1 mm), right ventricle (RV) (6.3 ± 1.1 mm), and interatrial septum (6.2 ± 0.8 mm). Global late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) (n = 21 [65%]) including subendocardial or transmural was the most common pattern followed by patchy enhancement. Global transmural LGE was associated with worse prognosis. Four types of myocardial nulling patterns were observed on postcontrast time to invert (TI) scout imaging: normal nulling pattern (myocardium nulls after blood and coincident with spleen) and abnormal nulling pattern (ANP) which is further divided into three types: Type 1—myocardium nulls before blood pool but coincident with spleen, Type 2—myocardium nulling coincident with blood but not coincident with spleen, and Type 3—features of both Type 1 and Type 2. Type 3 ANP was the most common (n = 23) nulling pattern in our patients. Cardiac MRI is an essential in noninvasive diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. Transmural global LGE serves as a poor prognosticator in these patients. “Three-tier” TI scout imaging is essential to avoid false-negative enhancement results. Type 3 ANP is the most specific nulling pattern in cardiac amyloidosis.
Trends in Subjective Income Poverty Rates in the European Union
Authors: Želinský Tomáš , Mysíková Martina , Garner Thesia I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhen developing anti-poverty policies, policymakers need accurate data on the prevalence of poverty. In this paper, we focus on subjective poverty, a concept which has been largely neglected in the literature, though it remains a conceptually appealing way to define poverty. The primary goal of this study is to re-examine the concept of subjective poverty measurement and to estimate trends in subjective income poverty rates in the European Union. Our estimations are based on a Minimum Income Question using data from a representative survey, EU-SILC. We find robust empirical evidence of decreasing trends in subjective poverty in 16 of 28 EU countries. We conjecture that trends in subjective poverty may reflect changes in societies which are not captured by official poverty indicators, and our results thus enrich the existing data on general poverty trends in the EU.
The value of research funding for knowledge creation and dissemination: A study of SNSF Research Grants
Authors: Heyard Rachel , Hottenrott Hanna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of competitive project funding on researchers’ publication outputs. Using detailed information on applicants at the Swiss National Science Foundation and their proposal evaluations, we employ a case-control design that accounts for individual heterogeneity of researchers and selection into treatment (e.g. funding). We estimate the impact of the grant award on a set of output indicators measuring the creation of new research results (the number of peer-reviewed articles), its relevance (number of citations and relative citation ratios), as well as its accessibility and dissemination as measured by the publication of preprints and by altmetrics. The results show that the funding program facilitates the publication and dissemination of additional research amounting to about one additional article in each of the three years following the funding. The higher citation metrics and altmetrics by funded researchers suggest that impact goes beyond quantity and that funding fosters dissemination and quality.
Vibronic dynamics resolved by global and target analysis of ultrafast transient absorption spectra
Authors: van Stokkum Ivo H. M. , Kloz Miroslav , Polli Dario , Viola Daniele , Weißenborn Jörn , Peerbooms Ebo , Cerullo Giulio , Kennis John T. M. 
Published: September 2021

We present a methodology that provides a complete parametric description of the time evolution of the electronically and vibrationally excited states as detected by ultrafast transient absorption (TA). Differently from previous approaches, which started fitting the data after ≈100 fs, no data are left out in our methodology, and the “coherent artifact” and the instrument response function are fully taken into account. In case studies, the method is applied to solvents, the dye Nile blue, and all-trans β-carotene in cyclohexane solution. The estimated Damped Oscillation Associated Spectra (DOAS) and phases express the most important vibrational frequencies present in the molecular system. By global fit alone of the experimental data, it is difficult to interpret in detail the underlying dynamics. Since it is unfeasible to directly fit the data by a theoretical simulation, our enhanced DOAS methodology thus provides a useful “middle ground” where the theoretical description and the fit of the experimental data can meet. β-carotene in cyclohexane was complementarily studied with femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS). The fs–ps dynamics of β-carotene in cyclohexane in TA and FSRS experiments can be described by a sequential scheme S2 → hot S1 → S1′ → S1 → S0 with lifetimes of 167 fs (fixed), 0.35, 1.1, and 9.6 ps. The correspondence of DOAS decaying concomitantly with hot S1 and the Species Associated Difference Spectra of hot S1 in TA and FSRS suggest that we observe here features of the vibrational relaxation and nuclear reorganization responsible for the hot S1 to S1 transition.
Rotational speed sensor based on the magnetoelectric effect of composite FeSiB/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3
Authors: Jiang Xueling , Li Linfeng , Lu Caijiang , Zhu Renren , Hua Qiang , Dong Longfei , Fu Guoqiang 
Published: September 2021

This paper proposes a rotational speed sensor based on the magnetoelectric coupling effect. The sensor is composed of a permanent magnet array and a magnetoelectric composite FeSiB/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. The permanent magnet array rotates with the gear to provide a stable sinusoidal alternating magnetic field in its surrounding space, which is simulated and analyzed by using the finite element simulation software. Based on the magnetoelectric coupling effect, the composite FeSiB/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 senses the magnetic field information and transforms it into electrical information so as to realize the rotating speed measurement. The experiments of sensing distance and linearity are carried out. The proposed sensor is compared and verified by a coil sensor. The results show that the proposed speed sensor has good linearity in the speed measured range, and the sensing distance can reach 15 mm. At the same time, it can be used for low-speed measurement. This kind of speed sensor has broad application prospects in the field of rotational speed measurement.
X-ray diffraction and equation of state of the C–S–H room-temperature superconductor
Authors: Lamichhane Anmol , Kumar Ravhi , Ahart Muhtar , Salke Nilesh P. , Dasenbrock-Gammon Nathan , Snider Elliot , Meng Yue , Lavina Barbara , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Somayazulu Maddury , Dias Ranga P. , Hemley Russell J. 
Published: September 2021

X-ray diffraction indicates that the structure of the recently discovered carbonaceous sulfur hydride (C–S–H) room-temperature superconductor is derived from previously established van der Waals compounds found in the H2S–H2 and CH4–H2 systems. Crystals of the superconducting phase were produced by a photochemical synthesis technique, leading to the superconducting critical temperature Tc of 288 K at 267 GPa. X-ray diffraction patterns measured from 124 to 178 GPa, within the pressure range of the superconducting phase, are consistent with an orthorhombic structure derived from the Al2Cu-type determined for (H2S)2H2 and (CH4)2H2 that differs from those predicted and observed for the S–H system at these pressures. The formation and stability of the C–S–H compound can be understood in terms of the close similarity in effective volumes of the H2S and CH4 components, and denser carbon-bearing S–H phases may form at higher pressures. The results are crucial for understanding the very high superconducting Tc found in the C–S–H system at megabar pressures.
The LarB carboxylase/hydrolase forms a transient cysteinyl-pyridine intermediate during nickel-pincer nucleotide cofactor biosynthesis
Authors: Rankin Joel A. , Chatterjee Shramana , Tariq Zia , Lagishetty Satyanarayana , Desguin Benoît , Hu Jian , Hausinger Robert P. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Carboxylation of nonactivated carbon atoms in aromatic rings is of considerable synthetic importance, but these reactions typically require harsh conditions or highly reactive reagents. In this study, the mechanism of pyridinium ring carboxylation is established for LarB, an enzyme that is essential for biosynthesis of the recently discovered nickel-pincer nucleotide cofactor found in a diverse family of racemases or epimerases. Structural and mutagenesis methods were used to define a new paradigm for carboxylation of a pyridinium ring in which a cysteinyl-pyridine ring intermediate enhances the nucleophilicity of the adjacent carbon atom for reaction with carbon dioxide.
Ttc30a affects tubulin modifications in a model for ciliary chondrodysplasia with polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Getwan Maike , Hoppmann Anselm , Schlosser Pascal , Grand Kelli , Song Weiting , Diehl Rebecca , Schroda Sophie , Heeg Florian , Deutsch Konstantin , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Lausch Ekkehart , Köttgen Anna , Lienkamp Soeren S. 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceCilia are tubulin-based cellular appendages, and their dysfunction has been linked to a variety of genetic diseases. Ciliary chondrodysplasia is one such condition that can co-occur with cystic kidney disease and other organ manifestations. We modeled skeletal ciliopathies by mutating two established disease genes inXenopus tropicalisfrogs. Bioinformatic analysis identifiedttc30aas a ciliopathy network component, and targeting it replicated skeletal malformations and renal cysts as seen in patients and the amphibian models. A loss of Ttc30a affected cilia by altering posttranslational tubulin modifications. Our findings identify TTC30A/B as a component of ciliary segmentation essential for cartilage differentiation and renal tubulogenesis. These findings may lead to novel therapeutic targets in treating ciliary skeletopathies and cystic kidney disease.
High-dimensional profiling reveals phenotypic heterogeneity and disease-specific alterations of granulocytes in COVID-19
Authors: Lourda Magda , Dzidic Majda , Hertwig Laura , Bergsten Helena , Palma Medina Laura M. , Sinha Indranil , Kvedaraite Egle , Chen Puran , Muvva Jagadeeswara R. , Gorin Jean-Baptiste , Cornillet Martin , Emgård Johanna , Moll Kirsten , García Marina , Maleki Kimia T. , Klingström Jonas , Michaëlsson Jakob , Flodström-Tullberg Malin , Brighenti Susanna , Buggert Marcus , Mjösberg Jenny , Malmberg Karl-Johan , Sandberg Johan K. , Henter Jan-Inge , Folkesson Elin , Gredmark-Russ Sara , Sönnerborg Anders , Eriksson Lars I. , Rooyackers Olav , Aleman Soo , Strålin Kristoffer , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Björkström Niklas K. , Svensson Mattias , Ponzetta Andrea , Norrby-Teglund Anna , Chambers Benedict J. ,   Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Study Group
Published: September 2021

Significance
Accumulating evidence shows that granulocytes are key modulators of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their dysregulation could significantly impact COVID-19 severity and patient recovery after virus clearance. In the present study, we identify selected immune traits in neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil subsets associated with severity of COVID-19 and with peripheral protein profiles. Moreover, computational modeling indicates that the combined use of phenotypic data and laboratory measurements can effectively predict key clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Finally, patient-matched longitudinal analysis shows phenotypic normalization of granulocyte subsets 4 mo after hospitalization. Overall, in this work, we extend the current understanding of the distinct contribution of granulocyte subsets to COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Market forces determine the distribution of a leaky function in a simple microbial community
Authors: Adkins-Jablonsky Sarah J. , Clark Colleen M. , Papoulis Spiridon E. , Kuhl Matthew D. , Morris J. Jeffrey 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Natural microbial communities are often deeply interdependent despite being locked in competition over a small number of limiting resources. While there are theories about how evolution can generate these dependencies, less is known about how responsibility for different tasks is assigned in a community. Here, we show that even small differences in costs paid by a species for performing a vital but “leaky” function can lead to one species consistently evolving into the sole “helper” for the entire community. We suggest that this process is analogous to the human economic principle of comparative advantage, selecting for efficient divisions of labor in microbial marketplaces.
A single mutation weakens symbiont-induced reproductive manipulation through reductions in deubiquitylation efficiency
Authors: Beckmann John F. , Van Vaerenberghe Kelley , Akwa Daniel E. , Cooper Brandon S. 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceWolbachiaare maternally transmitted bacteria that infect most insects, making them the most common endosymbionts.Wolbachiaachieved this status by manipulating host reproduction. For example, manyWolbachiacause cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) that kills uninfected embryos. In females,Wolbachiacan rescue CI, promoting their spread to high frequencies in host populations. CI strength varies in nature from weak to strong. Importantly, strong CI enablesWolbachiabiocontrol strategies in mosquito systems, which protect millions of individuals from arboviruses. However, theory predicts that natural selection does not act to preserve genes that cause CI, suggesting mutations may disrupt it. We show that a single naturally observed mutation weakens CI by reducing deubiquitylation. These discoveries help elucidate the molecular basis of symbiont-induced reproductive manipulations.
Precise asymptotics on the Birkhoff sums for dynamical systems
Authors: Fang Lulu , Takahasi Hiroki , Zhang Yiwei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We establish two precise asymptotic results on the Birkhoff sums for dynamical systems. These results are parallel to that on the partial sums of independent and identically distributed random variables previously obtained by Hsu and Robbins, Erdős, Heyde. We apply our results to the Gauss map and obtain new precise asymptotics in the theorem of Lévy on the regular continued fraction expansion of irrational numbers in (0, 1).
Cortical network and connectivity underlying hedonic olfactory perception
Authors: Callara Alejandro Luis , Greco Alberto , Frasnelli Johannes , Rho Gianluca , Vanello Nicola , Scilingo Enzo Pasquale 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective.The emotional response to olfactory stimuli implies the activation of a complex cascade of events triggered by structures lying in the limbic system. However, little is known about how this activation is projected up to cerebral cortex and how different cortical areas dynamically interact each other.Approach.In this study, we acquired EEG from human participants performing a passive odor-perception task with odorants conveying positive, neutral and negative valence. A novel methodological pipeline integrating global field power (GFP), independent component analysis (ICA), dipole source localization was applied to estimate effective connectivity in the challenging scenario of single-trial low-synchronized stimulation.Main results.We identified the brain network and the neural paths, elicited at different frequency bands, i.e.θ(4−7Hz),α(8−12Hz)andβ(13−30Hz), involved in odor valence processing. This brain network includes the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the cingulate gyrus (CgG), the superior temporal gyrus (STG), the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCu) and the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). It was analyzed using a time-varying multivariate autoregressive model to resolve time-frequency causal interactions. Specifically, the OFC acts as the main node for odor perception and evaluation of pleasant and unpleasant stimuli, whereas no specific path was observed for a neutral stimulus.Significance.The results introduce new evidences on the role of the OFC during hedonic perception and underpin its specificity during the odor valence assessment. Our findings suggest that, after the odor onset different, bidirectional interactions occur between the OFC and other brain regions associated with emotion recognition/categorization and memory according to the stimulus valence. This outcome unveils how the hedonic olfactory network dynamically changes based on odor valence.
Nano-Schiff base Ligand:Synthesis, Characterization, DFT, and Antibacterial Evaluation of Some Complexes Derived From 4-(-4-methoxybenzylidene)amino) -Antipyrinyl with Glycine amino acid ligand
Authors: Al wagaa Fatima Ali. , Ahmed Sahbaa Ali. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Synthesized from a new Neutral tridentate N2O Schiff base 4-(4- methoxybenzylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one with amino acid ligand.forms stable complexes with transition metal ions such as Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), and Cd (II). The complexes were characterized on the basis of their Elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility data, IR, 1H-NMR, UV-Vis, XRD, Thermal Analysis (T.G, DTA, DSC), SEM, and Calculation Theoretical studies(DFT). Were used to characterize the complexes. The ligand acts as a tridentate chelating agent, According to physicochemical and spectral results, the ligand acts as a tridentate chelating agent. IR, UV-Vis., and magnetic susceptibility measurements all refer to an octahedral geometry. The general composition of all complexes [M(L)2] is (M=Co(II), Ni(II),Cu(II) and Cd(II), L=(K4-AMetB-Gly) The studies have led to the conclusion that, The coordination sites were established to be oxygen of the carboxyl COO- and two atoms nitrogen of the azomethine (CH=N) group based on the studies. The complexes non-electrolytic nature is verified by the lower conductivity data. The antibacterial activity of the ligand and its complexes was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Psedomonas aeruginosa, it was found that these compounds show different activity of inhibition on the growth of the bacteria.
Development of atenolol-tin complexes as PVC photostabilizers for outdoor applications
Authors: Jawad Ali H. , Ahmed Dina S. , Ahmed Azal U. , Salam Baneen , Abdallh Mustafa , Bufaroosha Muna , Hamed Seenar Saad , Yousif Emad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
New tin complexes were made from the reaction of various tin reagents with atenolol. These complexes were mixed with PVC to produce the stabilized polymeric films. The stability of the films was evaluated using UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The rate of photodecomposition constant have been calculated for PVC films as a method for evaluating the efficiency of atenolol-tin complexes 1–4 that used as a photostabilizers after 300 hour of irradiation. The results have showed that the additives had reduced the rate of photodecomposition constant of PVC films significantly with comparison to PVC (blank). The rate constant of photodecomposition (kd) value for PVC films was higher than that after addition of atenolol tin complexes as photostabilizers.
Preparation and characterization azo dyes derived from 4- hydroxycoumarin and studying their analytical Applications
Authors: Al-Muhsin Alaa A , Fahad T A , Ali A A 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe preparation 0f azo dyes is the subject of this research. 4-hydroxycoumarin with each ofo-amino benzoic acid (3-[o-Amino benzoic acidazo]-4-hydroxycoumarin]) (B1) and with Sulfa guanidine (3-[Sulfa guanidine azo]-4-hydroxycoumarin) (B2) were syntheses. Azo compounds were characterized by I.R, CHN,1H-NMR Elctronic and Mass spectroscopy. At various pH levels, the electronic spectra of these azo dyes were investigated in terms of acid-base properties, which includes the determination of protonation and ionization constants as well as the establishment of isobestic points. On the electronic spectra, the solvent effect was also investigated at various polarities.
Facile Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide in L-cysteine Solution and its Structural, Morphological, Optical and Thermal Characteristics
Authors: Alshamsi Hassan Abbas , Jaber Nuha Abd Al-Baqir , Altaa Salam H. Alwan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current research reports a cost-effective, efficient ad green reducing agent (L-cysteine) to reduce the graphene oxide (GO) for large-scale reduced graphene oxide (rGO) synthesis. Fabrication of rGO was performed by the reduction of GO using different concentrations from L-cysteine. Synthesis of rGO was noticed by change in color of GO solution from brown to black. For additional confirmation, the structural, morphological, optical and thermal properties of synthesized rGO were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The XRD, FTIR and EDS results showed the oxygen-containing groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and epoxy. The UV-Vis spectrum for GO exhibited an absorbance peak at 233 nm which undergoes a red shift of the absorbance peak to 265, 273 and 278 nm due to reduction of GO to rGO using 5, 8 and 10 mg/L of L-cysteine respectively. XRD patterns demonstrated the disappearance of the characteristics peak of GO (11.1) and reinforced this appearance of peak around ~26, indicating the efficient reduction of GO and restoration of graphene sp2 hybridized structure. Furthermore, FTIR spectroscopy showed the gradual disappearance of band at 1745 cm-1 assigned to GO as L-cysteine concentration was increased. The thermal stability of the GO was much lower than those of all the rGO powders where the increased concentration of L-cysteine resulted in enhanced more thermal stability and higher C/O ratio in rGO. The SEM images confirmed the successful structurally exfoliation of two dimensional rGO sheets and showed the folded, curled and flake-like morphology of the graphene nanosheets.
Improvement Photoactivity Properties of SnS Thin Film by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Method
Authors: Najim Firas A’aid , Khadayeir Abdulhussain Abbas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tin sulphide (SnS) thin films were produced using low-cost chemical spray pyrolysis method (CSP). The optical and structural properties of SnS Nano films were examined by varying thickness. The films exhibit an orthorhombic structure with preferential orientation in the (111) direction, according to X-ray diffraction studies. The films show a reduction in crystallite as films thickness increases. The results showed that the films had about < 70% transparency in the visible portion. Optical band gap exhibited same behavior. The thickness dependency is mentioned in the results produced by dispersion parameters and other optical constants.