bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where do functional traits come from? The role of theory and models
Authors: Kearney Michael R. , Jusup Marko , McGeoch Melodie A. , Kooijman Sebastiaan A. L. M. , Chown Steven L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of traits is growing in ecology and biodiversity informatics, with initiatives to collate trait data and integrate it into biodiversity databases. A need to develop better predictive capacity for how species respond to environmental change has in part motivated this focus. Functional traits are of most interest—those with a defined link to individual survival, development, growth and reproduction.Non‐trivial challenges arise immediately in deciding which functional traits to prioritise and how to characterise them. Here we discuss the advantages of a theoretical perspective for defining functional traits in the context of dynamical systems models of energy and mass exchange that link organisms to their environments. We argue that the theoretical frameworks upon which such models are built (biophysical ecology, metabolic theory) provide clear criteria to decide upon functional trait definitions, measurement requirements and associated metadata, via their mathematical connection to model parameters and state variables, and thus to system performance (survival, development, growth and reproduction).We distinguish ‘descriptive’ traits from ‘functional’ traits by dividing the latter into four classes—parameter, model, threshold and estimation—according to whether they are model parameters, define model structure, are threshold state variables or can be used to estimate model parameters.We develop a decision tree for this classification and illustrate it in the context of mammalian heat exchange but emphasise the scheme's generality to any kind of organism.We show how a theoretical perspective may change how we prioritise traits for collection and databasing in ways that are not necessarily more difficult to achieve, especially with new technologies, and provide clear guidance for requisite metadata. The use of theoretically driven criteria for prioritising the collection of functional trait data will maximise the generality, quality and consistency of trait databases for comparative analyses. Such databases will simultaneously facilitate the development of integrated predictive modelling frameworks across multiple organisational scales from individuals to ecosystems.​A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
When the chickens come home to roost: The long‐term impact of party positions on religious voting
Authors: GOMEZ RAUL 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the widespread secularisation of West European societies, research has only found mixed evidence of a decline in the influence of religion on people's electoral preferences. A relatively recent line of inquiry has adopted a ‘top‐down’ approach to this problem, arguing that the impact of religion not only depends on structural social changes, but also on parties’ convergence on moral issues. Drawing upon this ‘top‐down’ approach and the ‘impressionable years’ model, this article argues that parties’ political strategies aimed at (de‐)mobilising social cleavages have a lasting effect on voters’ party preferences. Using nine rounds of the European Social Survey for 19 West European countries, I find the impact of religiosity on voting for the centre‐right (Conservative and Christian Democratic parties) to be significantly smaller for voters who were exposed during emerging adulthood (aged 15–25) to a centre‐right party that adopted similar positions on moral issues to those of its main competitors. These findings have important implications because they highlight the role of generational replacement in bringing about electoral change, even when this is prompted by parties’ strategic choices.
Brazilian cocoa hybrid‐mix fermentation: Impact of microbial dominance as well as chemical and sensorial properties
Authors: Martinez Silvia Juliana , Batista Nádia Nara , Ramos Cíntia Lacerda , Dias Disney Ribeiro , Schwan Rosane Freitas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh‐yield resistant hybrids are used in cocoa fermentation and result in chocolates with different sensorial profiles. This work aimed to characterize the fermentation microbiologically and physicochemically. Hybrids CEPEC 2004, FA13, PH15, and CEPEC 2002 were used for fermentation. The yeast, acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and mesophilic bacteria population were evaluated in their respective medium. Carbohydrates and acids were detected using a high‐performance liquid chromatography system, and volatiles were analyzed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry equipment. Finally, a consumer acceptance test followed by a check‐all‐that‐apply question and a temporal dominance of sensations assessment was performed in chocolate. The fermentation resulted in a typical succession: yeast‐dominated at first, followed by lactic acid, acetic acid, and mesophilic bacteria. In the pulp, carbohydrates and citric acid were consumed. Low concentrations of acetic acid (0.09–1.75 g/kg) were detected. Acids, esters, and alcohols were the most abundant groups. The chocolate profile resulted in sweet, acidic, and fruity, satisfying consumers' tastes.Practical Application
The cocoa hybrid‐mix fermentation can improve the fermentation process and chocolate quality.
The mixture generated a different sensory profile in comparison to other fermentations.
The fruity chocolate was accepted and liked by consumers.
A novel toxoflavin‐quenching regulation in bacteria and its application to resistance cultivars
Authors: Choi Okhee , Lee Yeyeong , Park Jiyeong , Kang Byeongsam , Chun Hyun Jin , Kim Min Chul , Kim Jinwoo 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe toxoflavin (Txn), broad host range phytotoxin produced by a variety of bacteria, including Burkholderia glumae, is a key pathogenicity factor of B. glumae in rice and field crops. Two bacteria exhibiting Txn‐degrading activity were isolated from healthy rice seeds and identified as Sphingomonas adhaesiva and Agrobacterium sp. respectively. The genes stdR and stdA, encoding proteins responsible for Txn degradation of both bacterial isolates, were identical, indicating that horizontal gene transfer occurred between microbial communities in the same ecosystem. We identified a novel Txn‐quenching regulation of bacteria, demonstrating that the LysR‐type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) StdR induces the expression of the stdA, which encodes a Txn‐degrading enzyme, in the presence of Txn as a coinducer. Here we show that the bacterial StdRTxn‐quenching regulatory system mimics the ToxRTxn‐mediated biosynthetic regulation of B. glumae. Substrate specificity investigations revealed that Txn is the only coinducer of StdR and that StdA has a high degree of specificity for Txn. Rice plants expressing StdA showed Txn resistance. Collectively, bacteria mimic the mechanism of Txn biosynthesis regulation, employ it in the development of a Txn‐quenching regulatory system and share it with neighbouring bacteria for survival in rice environments full of Txn.
Big Town Hydro: An Accounting Choice Case*
Authors: Jin Yan , Niu Flora 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThis fictional case is based on the real‐world events when a Canadian public electric utility company adopted IFRS. Many of these firms previously used US GAAP. In this context, the case gives students the opportunity to research key differences between IFRS and US GAAP relevant to utility industries, discuss the impact of IFRS standards on a firm's performance, and make recommendations on important business decisions. Specifically, this case exposes students to (i) the rate‐regulated electric utility industry and complex regulatory deferral accounts; (ii) the impact of IFRS adoption on key financial ratios and bond issuance decisions; and (iii) a what‐if analysis in making business decisions under the new IFRS 16 standard. This case is suitable for use in undergraduate or graduate intermediate level financial accounting courses. It can also be explored in an advanced level or public sector accounting class.
Learning How Not to Know: Pragmatism, (In)expertise, and the Training of American Helping Professionals
Authors: Carr E. Summerson 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTMotivational interviewing (MI) is an American behavioral health intervention that has spread dramatically across professional fields, including counseling psychology, corrections, dentistry, nursing, nutrition, primary‐care medicine, safe‐water interventions, and social work. This article explores how the central methodological principles of American pragmatism—if understood and learned as MI—take root among a group of contemporary American helping professionals. More specifically, the article shows how professional training in MI inculcates: (1) a steadfast focus on the immediate consequences of one's acts rather than floating or abstract conceptions of the true, the good, or the right; and (2) an investment in a highly reflexive mode of knowledge acquisition, which relinquishes the certainty of positivist explanations and embraces doubt. Indeed, learning how not to know is part and parcel of becoming an American pragmatist, and this article details the labor, costs, and rewards of adopting a pragmatic, or (in)expert, sensibility. [expertise, pragmatism, professionals, knowledge, United States]
Positionality, Privilege, and Possibility: The Ethnographer “at Home” as an Uncomfortable Insider
Authors: Anderson Esther R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConducting ethnographic fieldwork “at home” is often undermined by the colonial foundations of anthropology, which still permeate understandings of value and legitimacy in academic research. Scholars often present hometown ethnography as providing automatic insider status or as a threat to objectivity. In this paper, I offer a self‐reflexive account of my fieldwork with working holidaymakers in the small rural Australian town where I spent my teenage years. Adjusting to conflicting roles of researcher and returning resident revealed feelings of discomfort and a heightened, uncertain sense of self at odds with the familiarity and belonging associated with localness. I argue that conducting ethnography in familiar research sites is an exercise in understanding the uncomfortable complexities of shifting researcher positionality. By sharing some internal conflicts and crises, I examine the process of conducting research in a familiar space and consider the broader methodological implications and transformative potential of doing ethnography at home.
A Planet of Surplus Life: Building Worlds Beyond Capitalism
Authors: Shaw Ian G. R. , Waterstone Marv 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCapitalism is an immense machine for churning out surplus life. Its long war of enclosure has captured, controlled, and pauperised human life, and laid waste to nonhuman life. This paper argues that surplus populations—people rendered as economically redundant—are central to the future politics of our planet. Yet the ruling classes still fight to preserve capitalism in all its horror: “you must work, even if there are no jobs!” How we diagnose this dilemma is a vital task of our age. We respond with a beyond‐capitalist politics that challenges centuries of capitalist world‐alienation, pauperism, and indignity. We present a radical alternative, centred on the interlocking ideas of alter‐worlds, alter‐work, and alter‐politics. Each is based on building, sustaining, and connecting new spaces of geographic justice and autonomy for all. We must make the end of capitalism easier to imagine than the end of the world.
Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis and punctate inner choroidopathy: an evaluation in pregnancy
Authors: de Groot Evianne L. , van Huet Ramon A.C. , Bloemenkamp Kitty W.M. , de Boer Joke H. , Ossewaarde‐van Norel Jeannette 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the clinical course of idiopathic multifocal choroiditis (MFC) and punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) and the efficacy and safety of treatment options during pregnancy.MethodsPatients with MFC or PIC and a pregnancy in 2011–2019 from two academic centres were enrolled. For the most recent pregnancy, data on best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after pregnancy, relapse rate in pregnancy and postpartum period and obstetric, maternal and neonatal outcomes were collected. Treatment regimens consisted of a wait‐and‐see regime and an immunosuppressive treatment regime with systemic corticosteroids and/or azathioprine, both combined with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections when indicated.ResultsSixteen women (26 affected eyes) were included. Median Snellen BCVA was 20/19 before pregnancy and 20/18 after delivery. In seven pregnancies a wait‐and‐see regime and in nine pregnancies an immunosuppressive treatment regime was carried out. Fourteen intravitreal anti‐VEGF injections were given in six pregnancies. The relapse rate during pregnancy was 44% and in the postpartum period 31%. Maternal/obstetrical and fetal complications occurred in 31% and 13% of the pregnancies, respectively. Fifteen healthy children were born and one pregnancy ended in a stillbirth in a patient with a complicated obstetrical history. One patient treated with azathioprine developed intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).ConclusionsAmong women with MFC and PIC BCVA remained stable during pregnancy despite a relapse rate of 44% in pregnancy. No major maternal, obstetric and fetal complications occurred in pregnant patients treated with systemic corticosteroids, azathioprine or intravitreal anti‐VEGF injections, though one patient developed ICP while treated with azathioprine.
Comparison of outcomes between laparoscopic and open pancreaticoduodenectomy without radical lymphadenectomy: Results of coarsened exact matching analysis using national database systems
Authors: Nakata Kohei , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Miyata Hiroaki , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Kitagawa Yuko , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy has recently been covered under Japan's insurance system for patients not requiring lymph node dissection. Only high‐volume hospitals that meet specific criteria are permitted to perform laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy. Although open and laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy outcomes with lymph node dissection have been described previously, procedures performed without lymph node dissection have not been compared using a nationwide database. This study aimed to review the results of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy and compare them to those of open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) using records from a nationwide database.MethodsWe collected patient demographic and medical data of 2900 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (laparoscopic, n = 162; open, n = 2738) without lymph node dissection between 2016 and 2018 from the National Clinical Database in Japan. Coarsened exact matching was used to match patients in the laparoscopic and open pancreaticoduodenectomy groups.ResultsIn‐hospital mortality was not observed in the laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy group. The rate of conversion to an open procedure was 6.8% (11 cases). After 1:1 matching, we obtained 141 pairs of patients for comparison. The mortality rate was comparable in the laparoscopic and open pancreaticoduodenectomy groups (0.0% vs 0.7%, respectively; P = 1.00). The laparoscopic approach showed more favorable results in terms of median blood loss. Postoperative pancreatic fistula formation and complications were comparable between the two groups.ConclusionsOur results indicate that laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy could be introduced successfully, and the outcomes achieved by the institutions included in our study were comparable to those of open pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Single incision laparoscopic repair for late‐onset congenital diaphragmatic hernia using oval‐shaped multichannel port device (E•Z ACCESS oval type)—2 months infantile case of Bochdalek hernia
Authors: Ieiri Satoshi , Hino Yuko , Irie Keiko , Taguchi Tomoaki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionLate‐onset congenital diaphragmatic hernia constitutes 10%‐36% of congenital diaphragmatic hernias. They qualify for endoscopic treatment including both thoracoscopic and laparoscopic approaches because this type of patient is in relatively stable condition compared with neonatal cases. However, single incision laparoscopic approach has not been reported. We herein report an infantile case of late‐presenting diaphragmatic hernia who underwent single incision laparoscopic repair using an oval‐shaped multichannel port device.Materials and Surgical TechniqueA 2 month old female infant had sudden onset dyspnea with cyanosis and was diagnosed as having left diaphragmatic hernia (Bochdalek hernia) by chest X‐ray. As her respiratory condition became stable under conservative treatment using combination of decompression of the gastrointestinal tract and mild sedation, we electively planned laparoscopic repair. Preoperative enhanced computed tomography imaging found that herniated organs were stomach, spleen, pancreatic tail, small intestine and right colon. The patient also had an umbilical hernia, so we decided to perform single incision repair through this umbilical hernia. Three trocars were introduced using an oval‐shaped multichannel port device and herniated organs were reduced by gentle manipulation. The defect of the diaphragm was closed by bi‐hand needle driving for upper and lower limb using a stay suture. The umbilical hernia was also repaired. Postoperative course was uneventful and no recurrence was recognized.DiscussionWider trocar separation was achieved using the oval‐shaped device, making the needle driving easier to perform. By using an oval‐shaped multichannel port device and ingenuity of needle driving, single incision repair of infant diaphragmatic hernia was enabled.
Potentially inappropriate prescribing and its associations with health‐related and system‐related outcomes in hospitalised older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mekonnen Alemayehu B , Redley Bernice , de Courten Barbora , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

AimsTo synthesise associations of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) with health‐related and system‐related outcomes in inpatient hospital settings.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched: Medline Complete, EMBASE, CINAHL, PyscInfo, IPA and Cochrane library. Studies published between 1 January 1991 and 31 January 2021 investigating associations between PIP and health‐related and system‐related outcomes of older adults in hospital settings, were included. A random effects model was employed using the generic inverse variance method to pool risk estimates.ResultsOverall, 63 studies were included. Pooled risk estimates did not show a significant association with all‐cause mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90–1.36; adjusted hazard ratio 1.02, 83% CI 0.90–1.16), and hospital readmission (AOR 1.11, 95% CI 0.76–1.63; adjusted hazard ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.89–1.18). PIP was associated with 91%, 60% and 26% increased odds of adverse drug event‐related hospital admissions (AOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.21–3.01), functional decline (AOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.28–2.01), and adverse drug reactions and adverse drug events (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11–1.43), respectively. PIP was associated with falls (2/2 studies). The impact of PIP on emergency department visits, length of stay, and health‐related quality of life was inconclusive. Economic cost of PIP reported in 3 studies, comprised various cost estimation methods.ConclusionsPIP was significantly associated with a range of health‐related and system‐related outcomes. It is important to optimise older adults' prescriptions to facilitate improved outcomes of care.
A stealth antigen SPESP1, which is epigenetically silenced in tumors, is a suitable target for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Kosaka Akemi , Yajima Yuki , Hatayama Mayumi , Ikuta Katsuya , Sasaki Takaaki , Hirai Noriko , Yasuda Syunsuke , Nagata Marino , Hayashi Ryusuke , Harabuchi Shohei , Ohara Kenzo , Ohara Mizuho , Kumai Takumi , Ishibashi Kei , Hirata‐Nozaki Yui , Nagato Toshihiro , Oikawa Kensuke , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Celis Esteban , Okumura Toshikatsu , Ohsaki Yoshinobu , Kobayashi Hiroya , Ohkuri Takayuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that tumor cells decrease their immunogenicity by epigenetically repressing the expression of highly immunogenic antigens to survive in immunocompetent hosts. We hypothesized that these epigenetically hidden “stealth” antigens should be favorable targets for cancer immunotherapy due to their high immunogenicity. To identify these stealth antigens, we treated human lung cell line A549 with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5Aza) and its prodrug guadecitabine for 3 d in vitro and screened it using cDNA microarray analysis. We found that the gene encoding sperm equatorial segment protein 1 (SPESP1) was re‐expressed in cell lines including solid tumors and leukemias treated with 5Aza, although SPESP1 was not detected in untreated tumor cell lines. Using normal human tissue cDNA panels, we demonstrated that SPESP1 was not detected in normal human tissue except for testis and placenta. Moreover, we found using immunohistochemistry SPESP1 re‐expression in xenografts in BALB/c‐nu/nu mice that received 5Aza treatment. To assess the antigenicity of SPESP1, we stimulated human CD4+ T‐cells with a SPESP1‐derived peptide designed using a computer algorithm. After repetitive stimulation, SPESP1‐specific helper T‐cells were obtained; these cells produced interferon‐γ against HLA‐matched tumor cell lines treated with 5Aza. We also detected SPESP1 expression in freshly collected tumor cells derived from patients with acute myeloid leukemia or lung cancer. In conclusion, SPESP1 can be classified as a stealth antigen, a molecule encoded by a gene that is epigenetically silenced in tumor cells but serves as a highly immunogenic antigen suitable for cancer immunotherapy.