bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A twice‐daily barometric pressure record from Durham Observatory in north‐east England, 1843–1960
Authors: Burt Stephen D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA twice‐daily record of barometric pressure exists for Durham Observatory (54.768 °N, 1.584 °W, barometer cistern 107.3 m above mean sea level, MSL) from 23 July 1843 to 31 December 1960 and is published here for the first time. The Durham record, which is 98.7% complete, is by far the longest digital barometric pressure series in northern England and fills a very large temporal and spatial gap in the International Surface Pressure Database (ISPD: Cram et al, [2015] Geoscience Data Journal, 2, 31–46). In what is believed to be the first study of its kind, the record has been independently quality‐controlled against the NOAA–CIRES–DOE Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 3 (20CRv3; Slivinski et al., [2019] Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 145, 2876; Slivinski et al., [2021] Journal of Climate, 34, 1417–1438), which did not include the Durham records in its assimilation set. This paper describes the instruments used and their exposure, the sources of the record, digitization work undertaken to generate the digital time series (including quality control assessments using 20CRv3) and reduction to mean sea level pressure from station level observations, and examines consistency over the period of record against 20CRv3, concluding with a summary of monthly and annual means and extremes over the 117 year series and the details of the new dataset.
Recent Progress in the Stereoselective Synthesis of (−)‐α‐Kainic Acid
Authors: Ji Cong‐Bin , Xiao Jie , Zeng Xing‐Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract(−)‐α‐Kainic acid, a unique group of nonproteinogenic amino acids, was first isolated from the Japanese marine alga Digenea simplex by Murakami et al. Due to its insecticidal activities and its neurophysiological activity in animals, it has attracted wide attention from pharmacists and chemists. Therefore, the synthetic strategies and methods have been developed rapidly. Combined with the strategies and methods of asymmetric synthesis, the research results reported in past decade were reviewed, including chiral pool synthesis, chiral auxiliary induced synthesis, and catalytic asymmetric synthesis.
Attention: The grounds of self‐regulated cognition
Authors: Rueda M. Rosario , Moyano Sebastián , Rico‐Picó Josué 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEveryone knows what paying attention is, yet not everybody knows what this means in cognitive and brain function terms. The attentive state can be defined as a state of optimal activation that allows selecting the sources of information and courses of action in order to optimize our interaction with the environment in accordance with either the saliency of the stimulation or internal goals and intentions. In this article we argue that paying attention consists in tuning the mind with the environment in a conscious and controlled mode in order to enable the strategic and flexible adaptation of responses in accordance with internal motivations and goals. We discuss the anatomy and neural mechanisms involved in attention functions and present a brief overview of the neurocognitive development of this seminal cognitive function on the grounds of self‐regulated behavior.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Attention (BEAB)
Brain Function and Dysfunction (BEAC)
Cognitive Development (BAAD)
Medikationsmanagement in der häuslichen Pflege – der Medikationsprozess aus der Perspektive von Klient:innen und ihren Angehörigen
Authors: Diedrich Désirée , Zúñiga Franziska , Meyer-Massetti Carla 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine häufige Aufgabe der professionellen häuslichen Pflege ist die Unterstützung betagter, polypharmazierter Klient:innen beim Medikationsmanagment. Die medikamentöse Versorgung ist oft komplex and anfällig für Medikationsfehler. Aus der Perspektive von Fachpersonen sind insbesondere die zahlreichen interprofessionellen Schnittstellen im Medikationsprozess sowie die Integration von Klient:innen und Angehörigen große Herausforderungen.

Ziel
Mit dieser Studie wurde exploriert, wie Klient:innen und deren Angehörige den Medikationsprozess mit Unterstützung der häuslichen Pflege im Hinblick auf die Medikationssicherheit erleben.

Methode
Es wurde ein qualitativer Forschungsansatz gewählt und leitfadengestützte Interviews mit 8 Klient:innen und 5 Angehörigen durchgeführt. Die Daten wurden anhand der thematischen Analyse nach Braun und Clarke ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Vor dem Einbezug der häuslichen Pflege stießen Klient:innen im Medikationsmanagement physisch, psychisch und sozial an ihre Grenzen. Sie erlebten mit der Übernahme des Medikationsprozesses durch die häusliche Pflege Entlastung und Sicherheit. Dabei bringen sie dem Fachpersonal großes Vertrauen entgegen und sehen wenig Bedarf, sich selber in Medikationssicherheitsbestrebungen einzubringen, obwohl Gefahrenquellen im Bereich Selbstmedikation, Adhärenz und Schnittstellen vorhanden sind.

Schlussfolgerungen
Mit der Entlastung durch die professionelle Unterstützung sehen sich Klient:innen der häuslichen Pflege und deren Angehörige kaum mehr als aktive Partner:innen im Wahren der Medikationssicherheit. Es braucht ein Augenmerk der Fachpersonen auf die Bereiche Selbstmedikation und Adhärenz sowie eine Unterstützung bei der Nutzung des Medikamentenplans.
Endoscopy biopsy is not efficiency enough for diagnosis of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiao Shuai , Huang Jia , Zhang Yiwei , Tang Rong , Xu Yunhua , He Rongfang , Huang Qiulin , Ouyang Jun , Zu Xuyu , Peng Xiuda , Fu Kai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Endoscopy biopsy (EB) is the standard diagnostic method for colorectal cancer (CRC), whereas its accuracy and efficiency in mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) initial diagnosis is unclear.

Methods
The initial EB and postoperative specimen (PS) pathological diagnosis of MAC from two centers were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The accuracy and efficiency of initial EB compared with PS pathological diagnosis were analyzed. The potential factors which would affect the initial EB diagnosis of MAC were analyzed.

Results
280 and 78 eligible cases were enrolled in this study from two centers respectively. The initial EB diagnosis accuracy for MAC were 84.62% and 83.33%. However, among the cases of PS diagnosis with MAC, the diagnostic efficiency of initial EB was only 36.49% and 32.50% respectively. Lower tumor differentiation and more EB number were associated with an increased probability for the EB diagnosis of MAC, but only tumor differentiation was an independent diagnositic factor for EB in the two cohorts.

Conclusions
The accuracy of initial EB with MAC is high, but the diagnostic efficiency was extremely low. Tumor differentiation and EB number were associated with the diagnosis efficiency of MAC before surgery.
Single approach to pulmonary and liver hydatid cysts
Authors: Hussen Waleed M. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Back ground:
Hydatid cyst means cyst full of water. It is a parasitic disease caused by larval stage of small tape worm (Taenia Ecchinococcus), causing cyst formation in the liver and in the lung. It is endemic in Iraq.

Aim:
To illustrate how to make use of single surgical approach for the removal of pulmonary and liver Hydatid cysts.

Patients and methods:
This is a retrospective study of 75 patients with pulmonary and liver hydatid cysts admitted and surgically managed at the Thoracic and Vascular Department of the Surgical specialties Hospital of the Medical City Teaching Hospital during twenty –year's period from January 2001 to the end of December 2020.

Results:
Fifty-one patients were female (68%), the remaining 24-patients were male (32%). The youngest patient was two –years old female child, presented with bilateral pulmonary and liver hydatid cysts, while the oldest patient was a 70-years old female. The most common symptoms were cough and dyspnea though some patients are completely asymptomatic. Plain chest X-ray is mandatory in addition to U/S abdomen for accurate localization of the liver Hydatid cyst. CT scan is also used for accurate diagnosis

Conclusion:
Surgery is the primary treatment for the concomitant right pulmonary hydatid cyst and liver, it should be approach by single right thoracotomy incision, and this will offers the best chance of cure.

Highlights
Early Election Calling and Satisfaction with Democracy
Authors: Morgan-Jones Edward , Loveless Mathew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany countries have constitutional rules, granted to prime ministers, presidents or cabinets, that govern early parliamentary dissolution. Although there are sharply divergent theoretical expectations about the consequences of such powers for both democratic representation and accountability, there have been no empirical examinations of these arguments. Using data from the European Social Survey (2002–16) in 26 European countries, we test whether such provisions for early election calling affect citizens' satisfaction with democracy, and if so, which rules and how. While it appears that no form of constitutional rules for early election is directly related to citizen satisfaction with democracy, when early elections are called by prime ministers or presidents, democratic satisfaction drops significantly, and this effect is more pronounced the later in the term the early election is called. These findings have important implications for academic and policy debates about the desirability of constitutional change designed to limit early election calling for opportunistic purposes.
Associated factors of legal child marriage in Turkey: pregnancy and below-average intelligence
Authors: Yilmaz Semra , Akyuz Fatma , Arslan Naheeda Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTurkish civil code permits child marriages at 16–17 years of age, but if a child is 16 years old judicial consent is needed. Before making a final decision on marriage consent, the judges refer these children to the doctor, and ask whether they are psychologically and physically ready for marriage. While the literature on child marriage in Turkey is rich, little is known about the underlying factors leading 16-year-old girls to request legal child marriage. This study examined the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of girls applying to the courts for judicial marriage consent. Hospital records of girls admitted to a hospital in the Istanbul province of Turkey between January 2015 and December 2018 for the assessment of their physical and mental readiness for marriage were scanned. Of the 122 girls admitted to hospital for this purpose, eight were excluded as they had incomplete data, leaving 114 participating girls. All girls were Turkish citizens and had been referred from the law courts. Being pregnant/having a child (54.4%), having had a religious (non-legal) marriage (49.1%) and having an intelligence score of less than 90 (91.2%) were common among the participants. Among those who had a religious marriage, 78.6% were pregnant/had a child at the time of evaluation and 32.1% reported that they were pregnant before their religious marriage took place. None of the participants reported being forced to marry, but many had run away from home to marry (33.3%). Among those running away to marry, the major reason for deciding to do this was being pregnant (63.2%). Running away from home to marry was found to be related to lower parental educational levels (p<0.05). Contrary to the literature, the findings indicate that girls who request judicial consent for legal child marriage in Turkey are not being forced to marry. However, lower educational level seems to be an important factor. Below-average intelligence of the girl and her parents, running away from home to marry and early unsafe sexual intercourse, leading to child pregnancy, were found to be closely associated with legal child marriage in Turkey.
Mental health comorbidities following peer victimization across childhood and adolescence: a 20-year longitudinal study
Authors: Oncioiu Sînziana I. , Boivin Michel , Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Arseneault Louise , Galéra Cédric , Navarro Marie C. , Brendgen Mara , Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. , Orri Massimiliano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeer victimization is associated with a wide range of mental health problems in youth, yet few studies described its association with mental health comorbidities.MethodsTo test the association between peer victimization timing and intensity and mental health comorbidities, we used data from 1216 participants drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a population-based birth cohort. Peer victimization was self-reported at ages 6–17 years, and modeled as four trajectory groups: low, childhood-limited, moderate adolescence-emerging, and high-chronic. The outcomes were the number and the type of co-occurring self-reported mental health problems at age 20 years. Associations were estimated using negative binomial and multinomial logistic regression models and adjusted for parent, family, and child characteristics using propensity score inverse probability weights.ResultsYouth in all peer victimization groups had higher rates of co-occurring mental health problems and higher likelihood of comorbid internalizing-externalizing problems [odds ratios ranged from 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52–2.79 for childhood-limited to 4.34, 95% CI 3.15–5.98 for high-chronic victimization] compared to those in the low victimization group. The strength of these associations was highest for the high-chronic group, followed by moderate adolescence-emerging and childhood-limited groups. All groups also presented higher likelihood of internalizing-only problems relative to the low peer victimization group.ConclusionsIrrespective of timing and intensity, self-reported peer victimization was associated with mental health comorbidities in young adulthood, with the strongest associations observed for high-chronic peer victimization. Tackling peer victimization, especially when persistent over time, could play a role in reducing severe and complex mental health problems in youth.
IDEAL PLANAR FLUID FLOW OVER A SUBMERGED OBSTACLE: REVIEW AND EXTENSION
Authors: FORBES LAWRENCE K. , WALTERS STEPHEN J. , HOCKING GRAEME C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA classical problem in free-surface hydrodynamics concerns flow in a channel, when an obstacle is placed on the bottom. Steady-state flows exist and may adopt one of three possible configurations, depending on the fluid speed and the obstacle height; perhaps the best known has an apparently uniform flow upstream of the obstacle, followed by a semiinfinite train of downstream gravity waves. When time-dependent behaviour is taken into account, it is found that conditions upstream of the obstacle are more complicated, however, and can include a train of upstream-advancing solitons. This paper gives a critical overview of these concepts, and also presents a new semianalytical spectral method for the numerical description of unsteady behaviour.
Circumpolar Deep Water and Shelf Sediments Support Late Summer Microbial Iron Remineralization
Authors: Smith Abigail J. R. , Ratnarajah Lavenia , Holmes Thomas M. , Wuttig Kathrin , Townsend Ashley T. , Westwood Karen , Cox Martin , Bell Elanor , Nicol Stephen , Lannuzel Delphine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite widespread iron (Fe) limitation in the Southern Ocean, intense phytoplankton blooms are observed around productive coastal regions such as the Mertz Polynya (off George V Land and Adelie Land, East Antarctica; 140–155°E). Sources of Fe across coastal East Antarctica vary, with limited data available for late summer months. We investigated the sources of dissolved Fe (dFe; <0.2 μm) at 19 oceanographic stations in the Mertz Glacier Region (64–67°S; 138–154°E), between January and March of 2019. Concentrations of dFe ranged from below detection limit (0.03 nM) at the surface, to 0.34 nM above the base of the mixed layer (35 m), reaching 0.59 nM at depth (520 m). Using oceanographic features and trace element ratios (manganese and titanium), we identified Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and shelf sediment resuspension in modified CDW as contributors of dFe to the region over this period. Microbial Fe remineralization was evident where nutrient‐rich water met highly oxygenated waters over the continental shelf. Reduced Fe concentrations in the mixed layer and euphotic zones suggested rapid biological uptake prior to sampling. Despite proposals for pelagic Fe recycling by marine animals, preliminary investigations reveal no significant spatial relationship between animal presence and surface ocean Fe concentrations over the study area. Further research is required to identify seasonal changes to Fe supply in coastal areas which will strengthen our understanding of the Fe cycle and its influence on microbial and primary productivity in this globally significant region.
Designing the bioproduction of Martian rocket propellant via a biotechnology-enabled in situ resource utilization strategy
Authors: Kruyer Nicholas S. , Realff Matthew J. , Sun Wenting , Genzale Caroline L. , Peralta-Yahya Pamela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMars colonization demands technological advances to enable the return of humans to Earth. Shipping the propellant and oxygen for a return journey is not viable. Considering the gravitational and atmospheric differences between Mars and Earth, we propose bioproduction of a Mars-specific rocket propellant, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO), from CO2, sunlight and water on Mars via a biotechnology-enabled in situ resource utilization (bio-ISRU) strategy. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria convert Martian CO2into sugars that are upgraded by engineeredEscherichia coliinto 2,3-BDO. A state-of-the-art bio-ISRU for 2,3-BDO production uses 32% less power and requires a 2.8-fold higher payload mass than proposed chemical ISRU strategies, and generates 44 tons of excess oxygen to support colonization. Attainable, model-guided biological and materials optimizations result in an optimized bio-ISRU that uses 59% less power and has a 13% lower payload mass, while still generating 20 tons excess oxygen. Addressing the identified challenges will advance prospects for interplanetary space travel.
Functionality of the putative surface glycoproteins of the Wuhan spiny eel influenza virus
Authors: Arunkumar Guha Asthagiri , Bhavsar Disha , Li Tiehai , Strohmeier Shirin , Chromikova Veronika , Amanat Fatima , Bunyatov Mehman , Wilson Patrick C. , Ellebedy Ali H. , Boons Geert-Jan , Simon Viviana , de Vries Robert P. , Krammer Florian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA panel of influenza virus-like sequences were recently documented in fish and amphibians. Of these, the Wuhan spiny eel influenza virus (WSEIV) was found to phylogenetically cluster with influenza B viruses as a sister clade. Influenza B viruses have been documented to circulate only in humans, with certain virus isolates found in harbor seals. It is therefore interesting that a similar virus was potentially found in fish. Here we characterize the putative hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface glycoproteins of the WSEIV. Functionally, we show that the WSEIV NA-like protein has sialidase activity comparable to B/Malaysia/2506/2004 influenza B virus NA, making it a bona fide neuraminidase that is sensitive to NA inhibitors. We tested the functionality of the HA by addressing the receptor specificity, stability, preferential airway protease cleavage, and fusogenicity. We show highly specific binding to monosialic ganglioside 2 (GM2) and fusogenicity at a range of different pH conditions. In addition, we found limited antigenic conservation of the WSEIV HA and NA relative to the B/Malaysia/2506/2004 virus HA and NA. In summary, we perform a functional and antigenic characterization of the glycoproteins of WSEIV to assess if it is indeed a bona fide influenza virus potentially circulating in ray-finned fish.
Inverting sediment bedforms for evaluating the hazard of dilute pyroclastic density currents in the field
Authors: Dellino Pierfrancesco , Dioguardi Fabio , Rinaldi Anna , Sulpizio Roberto , Mele Daniela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPyroclastic density currents are ground hugging gas-particle flows associated to explosive volcanic eruptions and moving down a volcano's slope, causing devastation and deaths. Because of the hostile nature they cannot be analyzed directly and most of their fluid dynamic behavior is reconstructed by the deposits left in the geological record, which frequently show peculiar structures such as ripples and dune bedforms. Here, a set of equations is simplified to link flow behavior to particle motion and deposition. This allows to construct a phase diagram by which impact parameters of dilute pyroclastic density currents, representing important factors of hazard, can be calculated by inverting bedforms wavelength and grain size, without the need of more complex models that require extensive work in the laboratory.
Passively driven microfluidic device with simple operation in the development of nanolitre droplet assay in nucleic acid detection
Authors: Lin Pei-Heng , Li Bor-Ran 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince nucleic acid amplification technology has become a vital tool for disease diagnosis, the development of precise applied nucleic acid detection technologies in point-of care testing (POCT) has become more significant. The microfluidic-based nucleic acid detection platform offers a great opportunity for on-site diagnosis efficiency, and the system is aimed at user-friendly access. Herein, we demonstrate a microfluidic system with simple operation that provides reliable nucleic acid results from 18 uniform droplets via LAMP detection. By using only micropipette regulation, users are able to control the nanoliter scale of the droplets in this valve-free and pump-free microfluidic (MF) chip. Based on the oil enclosure method and impermeable fabrication, we successfully preserved the reagent inside the microfluidic system, which significantly reduced the fluid loss and condensation. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the fluorescence intensity between the droplets and during the heating process was < 5% and 2.0%, respectively. Additionally, for different nucleic acid detection methods, the MF-LAMP chip in this study showed good applicability to both genome detection and gene expression analysis.