bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CircTLK1 modulates sepsis‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via enhancing PARP1/HMGB1 axis–mediated mitochondrial DNA damage by sponging miR‐17‐5p
Authors: Qiu Yu , Yu Ying , Qin Xiao‐Mei , Jiang Tao , Tan Yan‐Fang , Ouyang Wen‐Xian , Xiao Zheng‐Hui , Li Shuang‐Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionSeptic cardiomyopathy is a common complication of sepsis with high morbidity and mortality, but lacks specific therapy. This study aimed to reveal the role of circTLK1 and its potential mechanisms in septic cardiomyopathy.Materials and MethodsThe in vitro and in vivo models of septic cardiomyopathy were established. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK8, TUNEL and flow cytometry, respectively. LDH, CK, SOD, MDA, ATP, 8‐OHdG, NAD+/NADH ratio, ROS level, mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome C distribution were evaluated using commercial kits. qRT‐PCR and western blotting were performed to detect RNA and protein levels. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and transcription were assessed by quantitative PCR. Dual‐luciferase assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and co‐immunoprecipitation were performed to verify the interaction between circTLK1/PARP1 and miR‐17‐5p.ResultsCircTLK1, PARP1 and HMGB1 were up‐regulated in the in vitro and in vivo models of septic cardiomyopathy. CircTLK1 inhibition restrained LPS‐induced up‐regulation of PARP1 and HMGB1. Moreover, circTLK1 knockdown repressed sepsis‐induced mtDNA oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting PARP1/HMGB1 axis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, circTLK1 enhanced PARP1 expression via sponging miR‐17‐5p. Inhibition of miR‐17‐5p abolished the protective effects of circTLK1 silencing on oxidative mtDNA damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.ConclusionCircTLK1 sponged miR‐17‐5p to aggravate mtDNA oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating PARP1/HMGB1 axis during sepsis, indicating that circTLK1 may be a putative therapeutic target for septic cardiomyopathy.
The association between halitosis and oral‐health‐related quality of life: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Schertel Cassiano Luisa , Abdullahi Farhiya , Leite Fábio R. M. , López Rodrigo , Peres Marco A. , Nascimento Gustavo G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate whether halitosis is associated with impaired oral‐health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).Materials and MethodsThis is a systematic review of the literature. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed via Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE up to and including June 2021. Observational studies that assessed halitosis in association with OHRQoL were included. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) was estimated by meta‐analysis.ResultsThirteen studies were included in the review; however, the meta‐analysis included only 10 studies, all cross‐sectional, comprising 2692 individuals. The overall meta‐analysis showed an association between halitosis and impaired OHRQoL (SMD 0.51; 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.75). Subgroup analyses, however, indicated that this association remained only among adults. Neither the OHRQoL instrument nor the halitosis assessment method, or the cultural background, influenced the pooled estimates. Meta‐regression analyses revealed that the OHRQoL instrument, the halitosis assessment method, and the sample composition did not explain the between‐study heterogeneity. Methodological quality appeared to explain 20% of the overall heterogeneity, as studies with high risk of bias overestimated the magnitude of the association.ConclusionOur findings suggest that halitosis is associated with impaired OHRQoL.
Canine hepatobiliary anatomy, physiology and congenital disorders
Authors: Jaffey J. A. 
Published: August 2021

The biliary system is an integral component of normal physiologic homeostasis and essential for survival. It acts as a conduit for the removal of detoxified and catabolised compounds as well as aids in fat digestion and absorption. Derangements in this system can have dangerous sequela that are associated with varying degrees of morbidity and mortality. Moreover, abnormalities in development of the biliary system can have varied and unpredictable changes on function and long‐term outcome. The aims of this article were to review canine hepatobiliary anatomy, physiology and cholestasis as well as summarise congenital biliary disorders including human corollaries.
Comparison of Prolift, Perigee‐Apogee, Prosima, and Elevate transvaginal mesh systems in pelvic organ prolapse surgery: Clinical outcomes of a long‐term observational study
Authors: Huang Kuan‐Hui , Chen Wen‐Hsin , Yang Tsai‐Hwa , Wu Ling‐Ying , Chang Yu‐Wei , Chuang Fei‐Chi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the long‐term clinical outcomes of four different transvaginal mesh systems.MethodsThis retrospective study included 695 patients classified into four groups (Prolift, n = 132; Perigee‐Apogee, n = 186; Prosima, n = 60; Elevate; n = 317), with a median follow‐up time of 5.8 years (range 0.5‐12.2 years). The outcomes were objective anatomic success (Pelvic Organ Prolapse [POP] Quantification system stage ≤1), mesh exposure, and urologic functional assessments.ResultsFor anatomic outcomes, we stepwise analyzed the short‐term (within 3 years) and long‐term (after 3 years) results. Prolift had the highest long‐term success rate (9 years: 82.1%, P = .007). Elevate had a comparable short‐term success rate (3 years: 87.5%), but its long‐term success rate significantly decreased over time (5 years: 78.6%, 9 years: 66.8%, P = .007). Prosima had the lowest short‐term success rate (P = .027). For the long‐term mesh exposure rate (9‐year cumulative), Elevate had the lowest with 11.1%; next were Perigee‐Apogee (18.8%) and Prolift (24.6%); and Prosima had the highest with 39.4%, with a significant difference. In terms of urinary functional results, we observed no significant differences in voiding dysfunction, de novo stress urinary incontinence, or de novo overactive bladder symptoms among the four mesh groups, whether combined with midurethral sling surgery or not.ConclusionDifferent vaginal mesh designs have various advantages and features. Prolift provided the best long‐term anatomic success but had a high mesh exposure rate. Elevate gave comparable short‐term success but had a decreased long‐term success rate. However, Elevate is superior with the lowest long‐term mesh exposure rate. Prosima had the worst anatomic correction and highest mesh exposure rates. This study provides a comprehensive long‐term comparative result for POP patients and surgeons.
Multi‐parental QTL mapping of resistance to white spot of maize (Zea mays) in southern Brazil and relationship to QTLs of other foliar diseases
Authors: Kistner María Belén , Galiano‐Carneiro Ana Luísa , Kessel Bettina , Presterl Thomas , Miedaner Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaize white spot (MWS) is one of the most important foliar diseases in Brazil causing significant yield losses. Breeding genotypes with MWS resistance is the most sustainable alternative for managing such losses; however, their genetic control is poorly understood. Our objectives were to identify genomic regions controlling MWS resistance and to explore the presence of common regions controlling resistance to MWS, grey leaf spot (GLS) and northern corn leaf blight (NCLB). We performed a multi‐parental QTL mapping for MWS and GLS resistance with a total of 474 testcrosses and phenotypic data collected in southern Brazil. Six QTLs for MWS resistance on bins 1.03, 1.04, 6.02, 8.05, 1.03, and 10.06 were detected. These findings were compared with previously reported QTLs for NCLB in the same populations, and a common QTL region (bin 8.05) controlling MWS and NCLB resistances was identified. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of MWS resistance by revealing three QTLs (bin 6.02, 1.03, and 10.06), to the best of our knowledge, not yet described in the literature, that are valuable for improving MWS resistance and one promising candidate region for multiple disease resistance.
Does phosphorus influence performance of a native hemiparasite and its impact on a native legume?
Authors: Cirocco Robert M. , Facelli Evelina , Delean Steven , Facelli José M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient and can become limiting in terrestrial ecosystems where parasitic plant:host associations occur. Yet little is known on how P availability influences parasite performance and its impact on hosts. We investigated the performance of the Australian native stem hemiparasite Cassytha pubescens and its impact on the native leguminous shrub Acacia paradoxa in high or low P conditions in a glasshouse experiment. Infected plants had significantly lower total, shoot, root and nodule biomass and shoot:root ratio than uninfected plants, regardless of P supply. The significant negative effect of infection on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation of host roots was more severe in the high P treatment. Infection significantly decreased predawn quantum yield of A. paradoxa in low P but not high P conditions. This finding may be due to the parasite‐induced significant enrichment of aluminium in host foliage in low P but not high P treatments. A. paradoxa had significantly lower foliar phosphorus concentration [P] and nitrogen concentration in low P than high P conditions. Parasite biomass and photosynthetic performance were unaffected by P, whereas C. pubescens had significantly lower stem [P] in the low P than high P treatment. Parasite carbon isotope composition was significantly higher than that of the host, especially in low P conditions. Our results show that: (a) native parasite growth and its negative impact on growth of this native shrub was unaffected by P supply and (b) soil P conditions may have no influence on stem hemiparasite:host associations in nature.
Same same but different? Comparing institutional performance in the long‐term care systems of Japan and South Korea
Authors: Kim Hongsoo , Jeon Boyoung , Frisina Doetter Lorraine , Tamiya Nanako , Hashimoto Hideki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResponding to a rapidly aging population, Japan and South Korea introduced social insurance‐based long‐term care systems (LTCSs) in 2000 and 2008, respectively. Korea studied and took up key features of Japan's system while evolving along its own trajectory in line with its healthcare system. The aim of the present study is to unpack the broad category of ‘social insurance’ to explore how distinct system inputs and designs in Korea and Japan related to outcomes in performance measured in terms of coverage, quality of care, and sustainability. In doing so, the study serves as an important starting point for advancing a new stream of social policy research on the comparative performance of LTCSs. Our findings demonstrate that despite adopting a common system type, differences in implementation of the social insurance model (particularly in terms of financing and governance) contributed to divergent performance, with Japan outperforming Korea on most indicators during the observed period. This bears contrary implications for policymaking in the two countries: Whereas Japanese policymakers are faced with the challenge of promoting quality while containing spending, in Korea greater investment is required to strengthen the workforce and build up community care.
Beveridge, Bevan and institutional change in the UK welfare state
Authors: Greener Ian , Powell Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the changes to social security and health proposed in the Beveridge Report through the lens of the framework proposed by Mahoney and Thelen for exploring the relationship between political and institutional contexts, change‐agents and types of institutional change. We find that, in terms of social security, the Beveridge Report led to ‘layering’ in that it both built on an inherited legacy of institutions from the earlier Liberal Reforms. Although Beveridge assumed the existing of a national health service for his social security plans to work, he did not specify what form such a service could take. Bevan had the advantage of being a Minister of Health with a large government majority, but had to deal with both internal (in Cabinet) and external (primarily from the medical profession) attempts to veto his reforms. Bevan's changes to healthcare have to be seen in that context, as well as in relation to his own pragmatism, in converting the wartime Emergency Medical Service into the National Health Service. By utilising the full Mahoney and Thelen framework in two cases that were near contemporary with one another, but when contrasted with one another, we show the potential of the framework in cross‐case analysis in illuminating the relationship between political and institutional context, change‐agents, the type of change that results.
Babbling in a vocal learning bat resembles human infant babbling
Authors: Fernandez Ahana A. , Burchardt Lara S. , Nagy Martina , Knörnschild Mirjam 
Published: August 2021

Babbling batsA notable aspect of language development in humans is the babbling stage. During this time, toddlers make a range of specific sounds as they practice and imitate adult speech. Humans are not the only vocal learners, however, so might we expect such babbling among others? Fernandezet al. recorded the vocalizations of sac-winged bat pups in the wild and found clear evidence of babbling that was consistent with that seen in humans. The shared babbling components suggest that vocal learning may have similar specific mechanisms across a wide array of mammalian species. —SNV
Molecular and pharmacological characterization of insulin icodec: a new basal insulin analog designed for once-weekly dosing
Authors: Nishimura Erica , Pridal Lone , Glendorf Tine , Hansen Bo Falk , Hubálek František , Kjeldsen Thomas , Kristensen Niels Rode , Lützen Anne , Lyby Karsten , Madsen Peter , Pedersen Thomas Åskov , Ribel-Madsen Rasmus , Stidsen Carsten Enggaard , Haahr Hanne 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionInsulin icodec is a novel, long-acting insulin analog designed to cover basal insulin requirements with once-weekly subcutaneous administration. Here we describe the molecular engineering and the biological and pharmacological properties of insulin icodec.Research design and methodsA number of in vitro assays measuring receptor binding, intracellular signaling as well as cellular metabolic and mitogenic responses were used to characterize the biological properties of insulin icodec. To evaluate the pharmacological properties of insulin icodec in individuals with type 2 diabetes, a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, multiple-dose, dose escalation trial was conducted.ResultsThe long half-life of insulin icodec was achieved by introducing modifications to the insulin molecule aiming to obtain a safe, albumin-bound circulating depot of insulin icodec, providing protracted insulin action and clearance. Addition of a C20 fatty diacid-containing side chain imparts strong, reversible albumin binding, while three amino acid substitutions (A14E, B16H and B25H) provide molecular stability and contribute to attenuating insulin receptor (IR) binding and clearance, further prolonging the half-life. In vitro cell-based studies showed that insulin icodec activates the same dose-dependent IR-mediated signaling and metabolic responses as native human insulin (HI). The affinity of insulin icodec for the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor was proportionately lower than its binding to the IR, and the in vitro mitogenic effect of insulin icodec in various human cells was low relative to HI. The clinical pharmacology trial in people with type 2 diabetes showed that insulin icodec was well tolerated and has pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties that are suited for once-weekly dosing, with a mean half-life of 196 hours and close to even distribution of glucose-lowering effect over the entire dosing interval of 1 week.ConclusionsThe molecular modifications introduced into insulin icodec provide a novel basal insulin with biological and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties suitable for once-weekly dosing.Trial registration numberNCT02964104.
Cancer in Lahore, Pakistan, 2010–2019: an incidence study
Authors: Badar Farhana , Mahmood Shahid 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo study the cancer incidence rates over 10 years (2010–2019), in Lahore, Pakistan.DesignAn incidence study.SettingThe population-based Punjab Cancer Registry was established in 2005 in Lahore, which is the provincial metropolis of the province of Punjab (five rivers), and is located in the northeast region of Pakistan. The coordinating office of the Registry is located within Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center. Both the active and passive forms of data collection are used.ParticipantsResidents of the district of Lahore diagnosed with cancer. The average annual population of Lahore was estimated at 11.1 million.Outcome measuresCancer counts and incidence rates per 100 000 population, by age-group, sex and cancer site/type, over 10 years.ResultsIn Lahore, from 2010 to 2019, 58 394 incident cases were reported, with the majority seen in females (57.1%). Adults accounted for 92.2%, adolescents 2.2% and children 5.6% of the total cases. Per 100 000 population, the age-standardised incidence rate was 103.4 for females and 65.6 for males. Among females, the highest incidence rates were recorded for breast cancer (76.7) in adults, bone tumour (1.2) in adolescents and lymphoid leukaemia (1.6) in children, and among males, prostate cancer (10.7) in adults, bone tumour (2.2) in young adults and lymphoid leukaemia (2.4) in children. The age-specific incidence rates peaked in the 60–70 year group, reaching a high of 420 per 100 000 in women and 330 per 1 00 000 men.ConclusionsIn Lahore, the incidence rates for cancers of the breast, prostate, lymphoid leukaemia and bone were among the highest documented. More cases were recorded in females than in males. The results reported could be used as a reference point for assessing the effectiveness of future interventions.
Identification of factors associated with high-cost use of inpatient care in chronic kidney disease: a registry study
Authors: Sowa P. Marcin , Venuthurupalli Sree K. , Hoy Wendy E. , Zhang Jianzhen , Cameron Anne , Healy Helen G. , Connelly Luke B. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo explore factors behind inpatient admissions by high-cost users (HCUs) in pre-end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD).DesignRetrospective analysis of CKD.QLD Registry and hospital admissions of the Queensland Government Department of Health recorded between 1 July 2011 and 30 June 2016.SettingQueensland public and private hospitals.Participants5096 individuals with CKD who consented to the CKD.QLD Registry via 1 of 11 participating sites.Main outcomesAssociations of HCU status with patient characteristics, pathways and diagnoses behind hospital admissions at 12 months.ResultsAge, advanced CKD, primary renal diagnosis, cardiovascular disease and hypertension were predictors of the high-cost outcome. HCUs were more likely than non-HCUs to be admitted by means of episode change (relative risk: 5.21; 95% CI 5.02 to 5.39), 30-day readmission (2.19; 2.13 to 2.25), scheduled readmission (1.29; 1.11 to 1.46) and emergency (1.07; 1.02 to 1.13), for diagnoses of the nervous (1.94; 1.74 to 2.15), circulatory (1.24; 1.14 to 1.34) and respiratory (1.2; 1.03 to 1.37) systems and other factors influencing health status (1.92; 1.74 to 2.09).ConclusionsThe high relevance of episode change and other factors influencing health status revealed that a substantial part of excess demand for inpatient care was associated with discordant conditions often linked to frailty, decline in psychological health and social vulnerability. This suggests that multidisciplinary models of care that aim to manage discordant comorbidities and address psychosocial determinants of health, such as renal supportive care, may play an important role in reducing inpatient admissions in this population.
01 The effects of a leaflet-based intervention, ‘hypos can strike twice’, on recurrent hypoglycaemic attendances by ambulance services: a non-randomised stepped wedge study
Authors: Botan Vanessa , Law Graham R , Laparidou Despina , Rowan Elise , Smith Murray D , Ridyard Colin , Brewster Amanda , Spaight Robert , Spurr Keith , Mountain Pauline , Dunmore Sally , James June , Roberts Leon , Khunti Kamlesh , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundHypoglycaemia is a common complication of diabetes therapy needing prompt recognition and treatment. It often results in ambulance attendance incurring health services costs and patient morbidity. Patient education is important for maintaining glycaemic control and preventing recurrent hypoglycaemia. We aimed to investigate the effect of an intervention in which ambulance staff were trained to provide advice supported by a booklet – ‘Hypos can strike twice’- issued following a hypoglycaemic event to prevent future attendances.MethodsWe used a non-randomised stepped wedge-controlled design. The intervention was introduced at different times (steps) in different areas (clusters) of operation of East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust (EMAS). During the first step (T0) no clusters were exposed to the intervention and during the last step (T3) all clusters were exposed. The main outcome was the number of unsuccessful ambulance attendances (i.e. attendances followed by a repeat attendance). Data were analysed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) and an interrupted-time series analysis (ITSA).ResultsThe study included 4825 patients (mean age= 65.42, SD=19.42; 2166 females) experiencing hypoglycaemic events attended by EMAS. GLMM indicated a reduction in the number of unsuccessful attendances in the final step of the intervention when compared to the first (OR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.33-0.76, p=0.001). ITSA indicated a significant decrease in repeat ambulance attendances for hypoglycaemia – relative to the pre-intervention trend (p=0.008). The hypoglycaemia care bundle (i.e. blood glucose recorded before and after treatment for hypoglycaemia) was delivered in 66% of attendances during the intervention period, demonstrating a significant level of practice change (χ2=30.16, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe ‘Hypos can strike twice’ intervention had a positive effect on reducing numbers of repeat attendances for hypoglycaemia and in achieving the care bundle. The study supports the use of informative booklets by ambulance clinicians to prevent future attendances for recurrent hypoglycaemic events.