bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual abstracts do not increase some impact scores more than conventional abstracts of clinical research: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Aggarwal Vaibhav 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe examined whether the use of visual abstracts on social media platforms can improve comprehensive social media and conventional metrics such as total altmetric attention score, full text page views and citation counts (study outcomes) through retrospective cohort study.MethodsWe included all original research articles (Total 307 articles: N = 69 in visual abstract group and N = 238 in control group) published between July 2018 and January 2019 in the JAMA, BMJ and the NEJM and used negative binomial regression to adjust for article characteristics.ResultsAdjusted analysis showed no significant differences between articles with and without visual abstracts in the altmetric attention score (p = 0.37) and in number of page views (p = 0.44). Citations in the Web of Science core collection were found to be statistically significant favouring control group (p = 0.028). We also found no significant differences in altmetric attention score and page views after stratification for article type [randomised controlled trial (RCT) vs. non‐RCT]. Citations counts were found to be borderline significant for RCT (p = 0.04) and non‐significant for non‐RCT.ConclusionVisual abstracts might not be effective in disseminating scientific research. We should look at other innovative ways to improve the visibility of the research.
Supporting, enabling and empowering
Authors: Grant Maria J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhen you think about a journal you probably think of it in terms of its interactions with authors, but relations extend beyond this and are embodied in the actions and values of the editorial team and board. The Health Information and Libraries Journal editorial team and board pride themselves in the support they provide to enable and build confidence in the contributing authors, and the referees who collaborate with them by providing constructive peer review.
Nanoemulsions: formation, stability and an account of dietary polyphenol encapsulation
Authors: Siraj Arwa , Naqash Farah , Shah Mohammad Ashraf , Fayaz Shemilah , Majid Darakshan , Dar Basharat Nabi 
Published: July 2021

SummaryTo enhance nutraceutical performance, vehicle systems are required to promote the usage of food supplements, which have shown an increasingly growing demand. These food supplements such as dietary polyphenols are nutritious constituents but with varying solubility, sensitivity to oxygen, light, temperature, or adverse effects encountered during processing, making their incorporation difficult in foods. Additionally, these are bound to the food matrix so tightly, that they are not available to be taken up in the digestive system causing less absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. To counter these challenges, polyphenols are encapsulated in nanoemulsion‐based delivery systems which forms an effective approach to enhance and improve their bioavailability. Because of their small droplet size, these exhibit various benefits over conventional emulsions making them suitable for usage in the food industry. This review summarises the basic characteristics of nanoemulsions and their application to enhance the stability of polyphenols.
Sesame seed as an alternative plant protein source: A comprehensive physicochemical characterisation study for alkaline, salt and enzyme‐assisted extracted samples
Authors: Koysuren Begum , Oztop Mecit Halil , Mazi Bekir Gokcen 
Published: July 2021

SummarySesame seed is mostly utilised for its oil but also the waste of the oil processing; the seed meal has also significant potential to be used as an alternative protein source. In this study, the goal is to produce sesame seed protein by using three different techniques; alkaline, salt and enzyme‐assisted extraction. A comprehensive physicochemical characterisation of the extracts was performed. Total and soluble protein contents, emulsification activity & emulsion stability, FTIR spectroscopy, hydration behaviour and gelling ability experiments by TD‐NMR were conducted for all extracted proteins. Also, SDS‐PAGE experiments were performed to observe the effect of extraction conditions on protein folding. Overall, the aqueous phase of enzyme‐assisted extracted proteins (E‐ACP) had the highest protein content and solubility, which resulted in other improved physicochemical properties. Salt extracted samples were ‘salted‐out’, therefore, had poor physicochemical properties. TD‐NMR experiments further confirmed the solubility and gelling ability results by measuring the change in the T2 spin relaxation times. Additionally, FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the most critical peaks for the proteins; Amide I (C=O stretching) and Amide II (N–H bending). In summary, depending on the physicochemical property of interest, different extraction methods yielded proteins with different properties.
Lymphocytes screening on admission is essential for predicting in‐hospital clinical outcome in COVID‐19 patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nie Lirong , Liu Yan , Weng Yijie , Zheng Yaqiong , Cai Liping , Kou Guomei , Xiong Zhou , Liu Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to identify the associations between the lymphocytes (LYM) absolute count on admission and clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 224 COVID‐19 patients who were admitted to General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the PLA from January 22 to April 4, 2020, were consecutively included. These patients were divided into the lymphopenia group and the nonlymphopenia group according to whether the LYM count on admission was below the normal range.ResultsDuring hospitalization, patients in the lymphopenia group have a much higher all‐cause mortality (14.5% vs 0.0%; P < .001) and an evidently longer length of hospital stay (24.0 vs 17.5 days; P < .001) than patients in the nonlymphopenia group. The correlation analysis results indicated that the LYM count was negatively correlated with the values of NEU (R = −.2886, P < .001), PT (R = −.2312, P < .001), FIB (R = −.2954, P < .001), D‐D (R = −.3554, P < .001), CRP (R = −.4899, P < .001), IL‐6 (R = −.5459, P < .001), AST (R = −.2044, P < .01), Cr (R = −.1350, P < .05), CPK (R = −.2119, P < .01), CK‐Mb (R = −.1760, P < .01), and LDH (R = −.4330, P < .001), and was positively correlated with the count of PLT (R = .2679, P < .001). In addition, LYM as a continuous variable was associated with 97% decreased risk of in‐hospital mortality in the fully adjusted models (OR = 0.03, 95%CI, 0.00‐0.37, P < .001).DiscussionLYM screening on admission is a critical predictor for assessment of disease severity and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19, and lymphopenia substantially correlates with poor clinical outcomes.
Prenatal antibiotic exposure and birth weight
Authors: Tomar Nupoor , Uldbjerg Cecilie Skaarup , Bech Bodil Hammer , Burgner David P. , Pedersen Lars Henning , Miller Jessica Eden 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackground/ObjectivesCurrent research suggests an association between antibiotic use in early life and later obesity. Less is known about prenatal antibiotic exposure and foetal growth. We investigated the association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and birth weight.MethodsData from the Danish National Birth Cohort were linked to the Danish National Medical Birth Registry. Exposure was self‐reported antibiotic use in pregnancy. Outcome was registered birth weight. Multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for confounders defined a priori.ResultsA total of 63 300 mother–child dyads from 1996 to 2002 were included. Overall, prenatal antibiotic exposure was not associated with birth weight (−8.90 g, 95%CI: −19.5– +1.64 g, p = 0.10). Findings were similar for those born term and preterm. Antibiotic exposure in second to third trimester, compared to no exposure, was associated with lower birth weight (−12.6 g, 95%CI: −24.1 to −1.1 g, p = 0.03). In sex‐stratified analyses, there were no observed associations between antibiotics and birth weight. With further stratifications, prenatal antibiotic exposure and birth weight were associated in boys who were preterm (+91.0 g, 95%CI: +6.8 g– +175.2 g, p = 0.03) but not among girls who were preterm (−44.0 g, 95%CI: −128.1 to +40.0 g, p = 0.30).ConclusionsPrenatal antibiotic exposure is not consistently associated with birth weight.
Predicting aviation training performance with multimodal affective inferences
Authors: Li Tianshu , Lajoie Susanne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAffect influences learning and training through various cognitive, psychomotor and motivational processes. This research aims to examine the role of affect in aviation training. Participants’ (N = 19) affect and performance were examined in simulated aviation training while they performed ten tasks. Affective states were inferred from electrodermal activity, facial expression and NASA Taskload Index. Performance accuracy was graded with the rubrics provided by pilot instructors in CAE Inc. We found that arousal (inferred from electrodermal activity) positively predicted performance in the level 2 (easy) task (F(1, 17) = 7.408, p < 0.05, std β = 0.55). Mental workload (as measured from self‐report) negatively predicted performance in the level 3 (medium difficulty) (F(1, 15) = 4.598, p < 0.05, std β = −0.54) and level 4 (difficult) tasks (F(1, 15) = 12.85, p < 0.01, std β = −0.73), controlling for affect valence and arousal. This research is a preliminary step to a reconsideration of affect in theoretical frameworks in aviation. It demonstrates a comprehensive assessment of affect in aviation training, which could provide guidelines for instructional interventions to improve the overall training experience and pilot performance.
Impact of differential ureteral stent diameters on clinical outcomes after ureteroscopy intracorporeal lithotripsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Gang , Sun Fengze , Sun Kai , Zhang Dongxu , Yao Huibao , Wu Jitao , Cui Yuanshan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this meta‐analysis we assessed whether the diameter of ureteral stents (4.7−5‐Fr, 6‐Fr) has an impact on the rate of occurrence of urinary tract symptoms and complications after successful URS and intracorporeal lithotripsy. A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. A rigorous search for relevant studies published in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register was conducted to find informative randomized controlled trials. The reference lists of relevant articles were also manually searched and reviewed. The protocol was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020202164). All statistical evaluations were performed using RevMan software version 5.3.0. Seven articles comprising 547 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. After placement of ureteral stents with different diameters for approximately 1 week, we found that ureteral stents with smaller diameters (4.7−5‐Fr) were associated with significant improvements in the main domain scores on the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire, such as urinary symptoms (mean difference −4.47, 95% confidence interval −5.87 to −3.08; P < 0.00001) and body pain (mean difference −2.48, 95% confidence interval −4.37 to −0.59; P = 0.01), but poor outcomes in stent migration compared to ureteral stents with a 6‐Fr diameter (odds ratio 3.00, 95% confidence interval 1.06–8.51; P = 0.04). However, there were no significant differences in Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire scores with regard to work performance (mean difference −0.56, 95% confidence interval −2.52 to 1.40; P = 0.58), general health (mean difference −2.29, 95% confidence interval −4.95 to 0.37; P = 0.09), additional problems (mean difference −0.43, 95% confidence interval −1.02 to 0.15; P = 0.15), and complications such as fever (odds ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.24–2.39; P = 0.63). Ureteral stents with a diameter of 4.7−5‐Fr have better outcomes than those with a diameter of 6‐Fr, based on the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire pain and urinary tract symptoms scores. However, they are more prone to migration compared to those with a larger diameter.
Cell fate dynamics and genomic programming of plasma cell precursors
Authors: Manakkat Vijay Godhev K. , Singh Harinder 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis review is focused on the cellular dynamics and genomic programming of plasma cell (PC) precursors that arise during germinal center (GC) B cell responses in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) and give rise to PCs in the bone marrow. Considerable progress has been made in the phenotypic characterization of circulating and bone marrow PC precursors as well as their differentiated short‐lived (SLPC) and long‐lived (LLPC) counterparts, in the context of model antigen and vaccine responses. Importantly, it has been possible to infer the temporal dynamics of generation of PC precursors during a GC response. However, the nature of the PC precursors at their site of generation in SLOs, and their signaling and genomic states, remain to be elucidated. Our synthesis draws upon experimental studies conducted in murine models as well as in humans, the latter complemented with cell culture manipulations of PCs and their precursors. By integration of the studies in murine and human systems, which are being accelerated by new genomic methodologies, we highlight insights and hypotheses concerning the generation of PCs. This framework can be extended and explored from both fundamental and translational standpoints.
The structure of sodium silicate glass from neutron diffraction and modeling of oxygen‐oxygen correlations
Authors: Hannon Alex C. , Vaishnav Shuchi , Alderman Oliver L. G. , Bingham Paul A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is shown that modeling the first oxygen‐oxygen peak in the neutron correlation function of a glass enables structural information about other correlations to be obtained, and the method is illustrated by application to a sodium silicate glass. The first O–O coordination number can be calculated from network theory, and sodium silicate crystal structures show that the mean O–O distance can be calculated from the Si–O distance, despite the distortion of the SiO4 tetrahedra. Modeling the O–O peak for a sodium silicate glass allows the Na‐O bond length distribution to be determined. For a binary glass with 42.5 mol% Na2O, it is found that the Na–O coordination number is 4.8(2) with an average bond length of 2.45 Å, and the Na–O bond lengths are more widely distributed than in sodium silicate crystal structures. Sodium ions are bonded mostly to non‐bridging oxygens (NBOs), and the Na–NBO coordination number may be four as in crystals. Sodium ions are also bonded to a smaller number of bridging oxygens (BOs). Contrary to previous reports, it is not concluded that Na–NBO bonds are shorter than Na–BO bonds, but instead that the Na–BO distribution is relatively narrow, whilst the Na–NBO distribution extends to both shorter and longer distance. The broad distribution of Na–O bond lengths arises from a relatively broad distribution of Na–NBO bond valences, subject to the overall requirement of charge balance.
A novel sulfur‐emission free route for preparing ultrafine MoSi2 powder by silicothermic reduction of MoS2
Authors: Chang He‐Qiang , Zhang Guo‐Hua , Chou Kuo‐Chih 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe extraction of metal from sulfide mineral is usually accompanied by the emission of sulfur‐containing gas (e.g., SO2), which will cause serious pollution to the environment. In this work, a sulfur‐emission free route for preparing ultrafine molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) powder by silicothermic reduction of MoS2 with the desulfurization agent of lime was proposed. The internal MoS2‐Si mixture is wrapped in an external desulfurization layer composed of lime. After the reaction is completed, the prepared MoSi2 can be easily separated from the desulfurization layer by using a non‐chemical method. In addition, when the reaction temperature is higher than 1000°C, almost all S in MoS2 is transformed to sulfur‐containing gas SiS, which can be fully captured by lime to generate CaS, Si, and CaSiO3. For the raw material with a MoS2:Si molar ratio of 1:4, after reacting at 1000, 1100, and 1200°C for 2 h, the average grain sizes of the obtained MoSi2 powder are approximately 100, 300, and 800 nm, respectively. Moreover, when the reaction time is prolonged from 2 to 6 h at 1000°C, the average grain size of the acquired MoSi2 powder is about 200 nm, and the residual sulfur content is about 0.12%. This work provides a new insight to extract metals or metal compounds from sulfide ores without releasing sulfur‐containing gas.
Enhanced ionic conductivity of aluminum tungstate by crystallographic orientation in a strong magnetic field
Authors: Özbilgin Cem E. , Kobayashi Kiyoshi , Tamura Shinji , Imanaka Nobuhito , Suzuki Tohru S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ionic conduction of multiply charged ions, rather than singly charged ions, is beneficial for energy storage and sensor applications. The low mobility of multiply charged ions is one important obstacle to the implementation of these applications. Chemical methods, such as doping and solid solution formation, have been used to improve ionic conductivity. However, the apparent performance of ceramic electrolytes can be improved by the crystallographic alignment of anisotropic grains. In this study, crystal‐oriented aluminum tungstate ceramics were processed by slip casting in a strong magnetic field. The b‐axis‐ and c‐axis‐oriented aluminum tungstate ceramics can be produced by this technique. The orientation of grains along the b‐axis could enhance ionic conductivity by at least 1.77 times compared to that of a randomly oriented sample and 2.13 times compared to that of the c‐axis‐oriented sample. The results of this study suggest that this method can improve the ionic conductivity of an anisotropic material using polycrystalline processing instead of difficult single‐crystal synthesis techniques.
Atrial fibrosis progression in patients with no history of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Dagher Lilas , Shi Hanyuan , Zhao Yan , Mitlacher Marcel , Schnupp Steffen , Ajmi Issameddine , Forkmann Mathias , Marrouche Nassir , Mahnkopf Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnexpected high levels of atrial fibrosis are found in individuals with no history of atrial fibrillation (AF). The temporal behavior of atrial fibrosis in this population is still unknown. We sought to investigate the progression and predictors of atrial fibrosis in non‐AF individuals.MethodsNon‐AF individuals at baseline who underwent late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE‐MRI) for assessment of left atrial (LA) fibrosis at least twice were retrospectively included in this study. The incidence of AF was assessed using review of medical records.ResultsIn 42 non‐AF patients (15 females, 65.9 ± 8.6 years old), all patients had a detectable level of LA fibrosis at baseline, ranging from 4.5% to 28.8%, with a mean of 12.9 ± 5.9%. LA fibrosis in the second LGE‐MRI was significantly higher in all patients compared to the first measurement (mean value of 12.9 ± 5.9% vs. 17.34 ± 6.8%; p < .05). Congestive heart failure was a significant clinical predictor of atrial fibrosis progression. The seven patients (16.6%) who developed new‐onset AF during follow‐up showed a significantly higher degree of LA fibrosis on their second MRI, compared to individuals who stayed in sinus rhythm (20.5 ± 6.9% vs. 16.7 ± 6.7%, p < .05).ConclusionAtrial fibrotic remodeling is a dynamic process that is progressively increasing in non‐AF patients, accentuated by congestive heart failure. The higher extent of LA remodeling observed in patients who developed AF could highlight either the fact that AF is an expression of a highly dynamic left atrial substrate, or that remodeling processes are accelerated by AF.
LncRNA MAYA promotes iron overload and hepatocyte senescence through inhibition of YAP in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yuan Ping , Qi Xiaoyu , Song Anping , Ma Mingyue , Zhang Xinbei , Lu Chunfeng , Bian Mianli , Lian Naqi , He Jianling , Zheng Shuguo , Jin Huanhuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough recent evidence has shown that hepatocyte senescence plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the mechanism is still not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the signal transduction pathways involved in the senescence of hepatocyte, in order to provide a potential strategy for blocking the process of NAFLD. The results confirmed that hepatocyte senescence occurred in HFD‐fed Golden hamsters and PA‐treated LO2 cells as manifested by increased levels of senescence marker SA‐β‐gal, p16 and p21, heterochromatin marker H3K9me3, DNA damage marker γ‐H2AX and decreased activity of telomerase. Further studies demonstrated that iron overload could promote the senescence of hepatocyte, whereas the overexpression of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) could blunt iron overload and alleviate the senescence of hepatocyte. Of importance, depression of lncRNA MAYA (MAYA) reduced iron overload and cellular senescence via promotion of YAP in PA‐treated hepatocytes. These effects were further supported by in vivo experiments. In conclusion, these data suggested that inhibition of MAYA could up‐regulate YAP, which might repress hepatocyte senescence through modulating iron overload. In addition, these findings provided a promising option for heading off the development of NAFLD by abrogating hepatocyte senescence.
Body mass index and internalizing symptoms from early childhood through early adolescence: Trend of codevelopment and directionality
Authors: Zhou Nan , Liang Yue , Cao Hongjian , Chen Yu , Lin Xiuyun , Zhang Jintao 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundHigher body mass index (BMI) and internalizing symptoms often codevelop with each other, and both of them have been widely linked to child later maladjustment. However, existing studies on the association between BMI and internalizing symptoms predominantly focus on the between‐person association (i.e., the average association for a given group) and use continuous measures of BMI. To address these gaps, using approaches that can effectively partition within‐person from between‐person variation, this study aimed to delineate temporal dynamics (i.e., directionality) of the associations between BMI and internalizing symptoms (as continuous and clinical cut‐off categorical measures for both of them). The trend of codevelopment between BMI and internalizing symptoms is also investigated.MethodsThis study used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (ECLS:2011), a nationally representative birth cohort study in the United States. Participants were 17,552 children (48.78% female, Mage = 5.6 years old at the first wave) who were assessed seven times from kindergarten through Grade 5.ResultsResults of the random intercept, cross‐lagged panel model suggested reciprocal within‐person associations between BMI and internalizing symptoms from child 7.1 to 11.1 years old.ConclusionsOur findings highlight both the necessity of disaggregating between‐person and within‐person effects in cross‐lagged associations between BMI and internalizing symptoms and the importance of interventions that target body weight and mental health issues in middle childhood to reduce the negative impact of both in the long run.