bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 management in nursing homes by outbreak teams (MINUTES) — study description and data characteristics: a qualitative study
Authors: van Tol Lisa S , Smaling Hanneke J A , Groothuijse Janneke M , Doornebosch Arno J , Janus Sarah I M , Zuidema Sytse U , Caljouw Monique A A , Achterberg Wilco P , de Waal Margot W M 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesNursing homes are hit relatively hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Dutch long-term care (LTC) organisations installed outbreak teams (OTs) to coordinate COVID-19 infection prevention and control. LTC organisations and relevant national policy organisations expressed the need to share experiences from these OTs that can be applied directly in COVID-19 policy. The aim of the ‘COVID-19 management in nursing homes by outbreak teams’ (MINUTES) study is to describe the challenges, responses and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Dutch nursing homes. In this first article, we describe the MINUTES Study and present data characteristics.DesignThis large-scale multicentre study has a qualitative design using manifest content analysis. The participating organisations shared their OT minutes and other meeting documents on a weekly basis. Data from week 16 (April) to week 53 (December) 2020 included the first two waves of COVID-19.SettingNational study with 41 large Dutch LTC organisations.ParticipantsThe LTC organisations represented 563 nursing home locations and almost 43 000 residents.ResultsAt least 36 of the 41 organisations had one or more SARS-CoV-2 infections among their residents. Most OTs were composed of management, medical staff, support services staff, policy advisors and communication specialists. Topics that emerged from the documents were: crisis management, isolation of residents, personal protective equipment and hygiene, staff, residents’ well-being, visitor policies, testing and vaccination.ConclusionsOT meeting minutes are a valuable data source to monitor the impact of and responses to COVID-19 in nursing homes. Depending on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection and analysis will continue until November 2021. The results are used directly in national and organisational COVID-19 policy.
Research priorities for the management of complex fractures: a UK priority setting partnership with the James Lind Alliance
Authors: Bretherton Christopher Patrick , Claireaux Henry A , Gower Jonathan , Martin Shan , Thornhill Angela , Johnson Louise , Silvester Lucy , Kearney Rebecca Samantha , Baxter Mark , Dixon Paul , Giblin Victoria , Griffin Xavier Luke , Eardley William 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo determine research priorities for the management of complex fractures, which represent the shared priorities of patients, their families, carers and healthcare professionals.Design/settingA national (UK) research priority setting partnership.ParticipantsPeople who have experienced a complex fracture, their carers and relatives, and relevant healthcare professionals and clinical academics involved in treating patients with complex fractures. The scope includes open fractures, fractures to joints broken into multiple pieces, multiple concomitant fractures and fractures involving the pelvis and acetabulum.MethodsA multiphase priority setting exercise was conducted in partnership with the James Lind Alliance over 21 months (October 2019 to June 2021). A national survey asked respondents to submit their research uncertainties which were then combined into several indicative questions. The existing evidence was searched to ensure that the questions had not already been sufficiently answered. A second national survey asked respondents to prioritise the research questions. A final shortlist of 18 questions was taken to a stakeholder workshop, where a consensus was reached on the top 10 priorities.ResultsA total of 532 uncertainties, submitted by 158 respondents (including 33 patients/carers) were received during the initial survey. These were refined into 58 unique indicative questions, of which all 58 were judged to be true uncertainties after review of the existing evidence. 136 people (including 56 patients/carers) responded to the interim prioritisation survey and 18 questions were taken to a final consensus workshop between patients, carers and healthcare professionals. At the final workshop, a consensus was reached for the ranking of the top 10 questions.ConclusionsThe top 10 research priorities for complex fracture include questions regarding rehabilitation, complications, psychological support and return to life-roles. These shared priorities will now be used to guide funders and teams wishing to research complex fractures over the coming decade.
Night-time diastolic blood pressure variability relates to stroke recurrence in patients who had ischaemic stroke with small artery occlusion
Authors: Wang Tingting , Xu Jie , Wang Anxin , Liu Ying , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yongjun , Wang Yilong 
Published: November 2021

Background and purposeThe association between blood pressure variability (BPV) and stroke recurrence among patients who had ischaemic stroke (IS) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between BPV and stroke recurrence in patients who had IS of large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) subtype and small artery occlusion (SAO) subtype.MethodsData from the BOSS (Blood Pressure and Clinical Outcome in Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke) study were examined. IS subtypes were diagnosed according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. BPV was performed by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and defined through SD of blood pressure. The primary outcome was stroke recurrence within 90 days after discharge. Multivariable Cox regression model was used to assess the association between BPV and stroke recurrence in patients who had IS of LAA subtype and SAO subtype.ResultsA total of 1390 patients who had IS from the BOSS study were included in the present study. Multivariable analysis suggests that 24-hour systolic BPV (SBPV) and night-time diastolic BPV (DBPV) were significantly associated with stroke recurrence among all patients who had IS (HR, 2.50, 95% CI 1.07 to 5.84; HR, 1.85, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.21, respectively). Night-time SBPV and night-time DBPV were significantly associated with stroke recurrence in patients with SAO subtype (HR, 2.77, 95% CI 1.07 to 7.15; HR, 3.60, 95% CI 1.39 to 9.29, respectively). However, in the adjusted model, only night-time DBPV remained significant in patients with SAO subtype (HR, 3.87, 95% CI 1.40 to 10.71). Similar results were not found in patients who had IS of LAA subtype.ConclusionsHigh night-time DBPV was associated with increased risk of stroke recurrence among patients who had IS of SAO subtype. The results of this study have implications for the secondary prevention management and future research of patients who had IS of SAO subtype. The association between BPV and stroke recurrence in patients who had IS of LAA subtype and SAO subtype should be investigated in larger, population-based studies.
Tranexamic acid for intracerebral haemorrhage within 2 hours of onset: protocol of a phase II randomised placebo-controlled double-blind multicentre trial
Authors: Yassi Nawaf , Zhao Henry , Churilov Leonid , Campbell Bruce C V , Wu Teddy , Ma Henry , Cheung Andrew , Kleinig Timothy , Brown Helen , Choi Philip , Jeng Jiann-Shing , Ranta Annemarei , Wang Hao-Kuang , Cloud Geoffrey C , Grimley Rohan , Shah Darshan , Spratt Neil , Cho Der-Yang , Mahawish Karim , Sanders Lauren , Worthington John , Clissold Ben , Meretoja Atte , Yogendrakumar Vignan , Ton Mai Duy , Dang Duc Phuc , Phuong Nguyen Thai My , Nguyen Huy-Thang , Hsu Chung Y , Sharma Gagan , Mitchell Peter J , Yan Bernard , Parsons Mark W , Levi Christopher , Donnan Geoffrey A , Davis Stephen M 
Published: November 2021

RationaleHaematoma growth is common early after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), and is a key determinant of outcome. Tranexamic acid, a widely available antifibrinolytic agent with an excellent safety profile, may reduce haematoma growth.Methods and designStopping intracerebral haemorrhage with tranexamic acid for hyperacute onset presentation including mobile stroke units (STOP-MSU) is a phase II double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre, international investigator-led clinical trial, conducted within the estimand statistical framework.HypothesisIn patients with spontaneous ICH, treatment with tranexamic acid within 2 hours of onset will reduce haematoma expansion compared with placebo.Sample size estimatesA sample size of 180 patients (90 in each arm) would be required to detect an absolute difference in the primary outcome of 20% (placebo 39% vs treatment 19%) under a two-tailed significance level of 0.05. An adaptive sample size re-estimation based on the outcomes of 144 patients will allow a possible increase to a prespecified maximum of 326 patients.InterventionParticipants will receive 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid over 10 min, followed by 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid over 8 hours; or matching placebo.Primary efficacy measureThe primary efficacy measure is the proportion of patients with haematoma growth by 24±6 hours, defined as either ≥33% relative increase or ≥6 mL absolute increase in haematoma volume between baseline and follow-up CT scan.DiscussionWe describe the rationale and protocol of STOP-MSU, a phase II trial of tranexamic acid in patients with ICH within 2 hours from onset, based in participating mobile stroke units and emergency departments.
A de-Sitter weak gravity conjecture
Authors: Antoniadis Ignatios , Benakli Karim 
Published: November 2021

The study of de-Sitter Reissner–Nordstrøm black holes allows us to uncover a Weak Gravity Conjecture in de-Sitter space. It states that for a given mass [Formula: see text] there should be a state with a charge [Formula: see text] bigger than a minimal value [Formula: see text], depending on the mass and the de-Sitter radius [Formula: see text], in Planck units. This reproduces the well-known flat space–time result [Formula: see text] in the large radius limit (large [Formula: see text]). In the highly curved de-Sitter space, ([Formula: see text]) [Formula: see text] behaves as [Formula: see text]. Finally, we discuss the case of backgrounds from gauged R-symmetry in [Formula: see text] supergravity. This paper is based on [I. Antoniadis and K. Benakli, Fortsch. Phys. 68, 2000054 (2020), arXiv:2006.12512 [hep-th]].
The SETDB1–TRIM28 Complex Suppresses Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Lin Jianhuang , Guo Dajiang , Liu Heng , Zhou Wei , Wang Chen , Müller Iris , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Drapkin Ronny , Bitler Benjamin G. , Helin Kristian , Zhang Rugang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The tumor immune microenvironment is influenced by the epigenetic landscape of the tumor. Here, we have identified the SETDB1–TRIM28 complex as a critical suppressor of antitumor immunity. An epigenetic CRISPR–Cas9 screen of 1,218 chromatin regulators identified TRIM28 as a suppressor of PD-L1 expression. We then revealed that expression of the SETDB1–TRIM28 complex negatively correlated with infiltration of effector CD8+ T cells. Inhibition of SETDB1–TRIM28 simultaneously upregulated PD-L1 and activated the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immune response pathway to increase infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, SETDB1–TRIM28 inhibition led to micronuclei formation in the cytoplasm, which is known to activate the cGAS–STING pathway. Thus, SETDB1–TRIM28 inhibition bridges innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, SETDB1 knockout enhanced the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint blockade with anti–PD-L1 in a mouse model of ovarian cancer in a cGAS-dependent manner. Our findings establish the SETDB1–TRIM28 complex as a regulator of antitumor immunity and demonstrate that its loss activates cGAS–STING innate immunity to boost the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint blockade.
Hemoglobin Concentration and Clinical Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Zhang Runhua , Xu Qin , Wang Anxin , Jiang Yong , Meng Xia , Zhou Maigeng , Wang Yongjun , Liu Gaifen 
Published: November 2021

Background
Anemia or low hemoglobin can increase the risk of stroke. However, the association between hemoglobin and outcomes after stroke is uncertain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between hemoglobin and clinical outcomes, including mortality, poor functional outcome, stroke recurrence, and composite vascular events at 1 year.

Methods and Results
We included the patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack from the Third China National Stroke Registry. We used the Cox model for mortality, stroke recurrence, and composite vascular events and the logistic model for the poor functional outcome to examine the relationship between hemoglobin and clinical outcomes. In addition, we used the restricted cubic spline to evaluate the nonlinear relationship. This study included 14 159 patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. After adjusted for potential cofounders, both anemia and high hemoglobin were associated with the higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.73; 95% CI, 1.39–2.15; HR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.95–3.76) and poor functional outcome (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.18–1.57; OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.07–1.87). High hemoglobin, but not anemia, increased the risk of stroke recurrence (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.05–1.79) and composite vascular events (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.08–1.83). There was a U‐shaped relationship between hemoglobin and mortality and poor functional outcome.

Conclusions
Abnormal hemoglobin was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality, poor functional outcome, stroke recurrence, and composite vascular events. More well‐designed clinical studies are needed to confirm the relationship between hemoglobin and clinical outcomes after stroke.
Japan’s Diplomatic Proactive Stance towards Indochina and the Cambodian Problem (1970)
Authors: Frattolillo Oliviero 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article assesses the Japanese diplomatic contribution through the prism of the Indochinese political situation in the early 1970s. The traditional literature depicts Japan’s non-existent proactivism in postwar foreign politics, based on its alleged unconditional dependence on Washington’s political agenda. However, throughout the 1970s there were occasions in which the country showed how it was independently engaged at a diplomatic level. This has often been overlooked by the literature produced in the field, but it is an irrefutable conclusion from the historical evidence and the analysis of the archival sources. Japan’s diplomatic commitment in solving the problem of peace in Cambodia, its double effort as a diplomatic intermediary between the political actors involved in the Indochinese issue and, at the same time, through the ODA policy, may offer the missing elements for a no longer univocal interpretation of its postwar diplomatic history—which is the aim of this essay.
Technology as a Key Tool for the Prosecution of International Crimes: Lessons from Uganda
Authors: Kirabira Tonny Raymond 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article uses the context of Uganda to examine the role of technology in the prosecution of international crimes. It uses the International Criminal Court (icc)complementarity framework to analyse two cases — Dominic Ongwen and Thomas Kwoyelo, exploring a question — whether the use of technology enhances the icc’s positive complementarity approach? The article draws substantially from the review of empirical literature, qualitative interviews and the author’s work experiences at the two sites of justice - Uganda and The Hague. The article reveals a practical overlap between the two sites of justice in the use of digital evidence and witness protection. It is argued that use of technology enhances the criminal trial procedures, victims’ rights and the legitimacy of the courts. It is equally argued that the use of technology has the potential to enhance the icc’s complementarity approach. The article contributes to current debates about the role of technology in international criminal justice.
Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Kosovo and Lessons to be Learned from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
Authors: Istrefi Remzije , Hajrullahu Arben 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article examines challenges in seeking justice for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence (crsv) survivors in Kosovo. It analyses the roles and responsibilities of international missions and how deficiencies impact the prosecution and adjudication of crsv by Kosovo’s justice system. A key question is why two decades after the 1998–1999 war in Kosovo survivors of crsv cannot find justice? The end of the international mandates, the large number of war crime cases transferred, unfinished files, and the necessity for specific expertise in handling the gender-based violence are some of the existing challenges which undermine the prosecution and adjudication of crsv in Kosovo. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (icty) established accountability for sexual violence in armed conflicts. This article seeks to scaffold the icty experience by developing an accurate and comprehensive understanding of the nature of crsv and by examining its impact on survivors and victims’ alike. This paper then explores how a contexualist interpretation of international and domestic criminal law provisions can prioritise the prosecution of crsv amid other pressing needs in Kosovo.
It’s a Trap! Re-Thinking Samuel Moyn’s Humane Beyond the North Atlantic
Authors: Gurmendi Dunkelberg Alonso 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Samuel Moyn’s latest book, Humane: How the United States Abandoned Peace and Reinvented War, offers a compelling re-reading of the history of the laws of war not as the precursors of international humanitarian law, but as enablers of what he calls “inhumane war”. Instead of advancing the cause of humanization of war, Moyn argues in favour of pacificism and the abolition of war in its entirety. And yet, Moyn’s decision to tell his history through two interconnected but different parts – one on the broader history of the laws of war and another on the very recent present of US domestic politics – forces the book to embrace a North Atlantic, Anglo-American vision of international law that robs it of valuable insights from the Global South and its relationship to the same body of laws. In this review essay, I explore these missed connections seeking to offer a more global approach to the history of war and peace.
A Noninferiority Analysis of 3‐ vs 2‐Incision Techniques for Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Implantation
Authors: Kent David T. , Chio Eugene G. , Weiner Jordan S. , Heiser Clemens , Suurna Maria V. , Weidenbecher Mark 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThe only hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) device available for US clinical use is implanted through 3 incisions. A recently proposed 2‐incision modification moved the respiratory sensing lead from the fifth to the second intercostal space to eliminate the third lower chest incision. This study compared perioperative data and therapeutic outcomes between the techniques.Study DesignNoninferiority cohort analysis of a retrospective and prospective registry study.SettingTertiary care and community surgical centers.MethodsPatients with obstructive sleep apnea underwent HNS implantation via a modified 2‐incision technique (I2). A cohort previously implanted via the standard 3‐incision technique (I3) were 1:1 propensity score matched for a noninferiority analysis of postoperative outcomes.ResultsThere were 404 I3 patients and 223 I2 patients across 6 participating centers. Operative time decreased from 128.7 minutes (95% CI, 124.5‐132.9) in I3 patients to 86.6 minutes (95% CI, 83.7‐97.6) in I2 patients (P <. 001). Postoperative sleep study data were available for 76 I2 patients who were matched to I3 patients. The change in apnea‐hypopnea index between the cohorts was statistically noninferior (a priori noninferiority margin: 7.5 events/h; mean difference, 1.51 [97.5% CI upper bound, 5.86]). There were no significant differences between the cohorts for baseline characteristics, perioperative adverse event rates, or change in Epworth Sleepiness Score (P >. 05).ConclusionIn a multicenter registry, a 2‐incision implant technique for a commercially available HNS device had a statistically noninferior therapeutic efficacy profile when compared with the standard 3‐incision approach. The 2‐incision technique is safe and effective for HNS implantation.
Employment and the distribution of intra-household financial satisfaction
Authors: Kalsi Jaslin K , Austen Siobhan , Mavisakalyan Astghik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study applies a methodology used by De Henau and Himmelweit (2013) to study resource allocation in Australian mixed-sex couple households. Using 18 waves of data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey and by means of fixed effects estimations, the study identifies how men’s and women’s contributions via paid and unpaid work influences their satisfaction with the financial situation (SWFS) within households. Employment status is used to proxy each partner’s contribution to household resources. The results reveal that paid contributions through full-time employment have a strong role in determining SWFS. This is a source of gender difference because Australian men are much more likely to be engaged in full-time employment than women. Most often, for both men and women, unpaid contributions to household resources (proxied by less than full-time employment) has a detrimental effect on their own SWFS, but smaller effects on their partner’s SWFS. These results imply that gender asymmetry in paid and unpaid contributions to household resources contributes to the reproduction of gender inequalities within Australian households. The results add external validity to the relevance of De Henau and Himmelweit’s (2013) analysis of these issues.