bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Problems Affecting the Development Emergency Medical Services in Kosovo.
Authors: Lenjani Basri , Šišić Merima , Mišanović Verica , Ljuhar Kenan , Lenjani Dardan 
Published: August 2021

Emergency medical service is organized as a separate field of health activities in order to provide uninterrupted emergency medical care for citizens who due to illness or injury have directly threatened the life, certain organs or certain parts of the body respectively cut the optimal time of occurrence of the emergency until the start of the final treatment process. Emergence clinic for 2020. Year ED over 100. 000-cases. The emergency health system doesn’t have a consolidated network and integrated emergency medical services. Emergency health services in Europe are being challenged by changes in life dynamics, scientific advancements, which do increase the request to further improve the way of delivering emergency services. Health-system resilience can be defined as the capacity of health actors, institutions, and populations to prepare for and effectively respond to crises, to maintain core functions when a crisis hits, and—informed by lessons learned during the crisis to reorganize if conditions require it. Emergency clinic today at UCCK offers an area of 507m2, with 22 beds in the living room (1 bed per 100,000 population). Compliance with the law on emergency medical care, support, and improvement of EMS creating a special budget for EMS. EMS Independence (Decentralization). Budget, Management, accreditation, initiation of a project of systematization doctors of nurses in an integrated system. Regulation of administrative and legal infrastructure for EMS. The increase in salary (during holidays, weekends), shortening working hours for EMS, beneficial path (stress, risk, complexity, infections, first contact with the patient), the extension of annual leave. Functionalization of the Permanent National Center for Education EMS training, licensing, relicensing (medical staff) Quality control or EMS quality.
Abdominal disturbances in children with Covid-19
Authors: Dika-Haxhirexha Ferizate , Koxha Sevdije , Qatipi Ledia , Turkeshi Shqiponja , Haxhirexha Aulona 
Published: August 2021

Covid-19 continues to spread at an unprecedented pace, sparing no country in the world and including almost all ages. Although at the beginning of the pandemic, it was thought that the virus did not affect children, however over time, in different countries, more and more cases of children with Covid-19 begun to appear, though rarely among them were recorded any victims.
However, the clinical picture of infections with this virus in children was much more challenging than in adults.
In this article, we will present the case of three children of ages 4 to 14 years, with signs of acute abdomen, respectively with acute abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and in whom acute appendicitis was suspected. In all three patients, anamnestic data showed positive family members infected with covid-19.
All three children were sent to the surgery ward for follow-up and further treatment.
The laboratory analyzes in all of them resulted in increased values ​​of both erythrocyte sediment and CRP, while only in one of them the values ​​of LDH and transaminases (AST, ALT) were also increased.
Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen in two children showed the presence of a small amount of free fluid in the abdomen and mesentery thickening with several packets of enlarged lymph nodes. Radiography of the lungs did not show pulmonary lesions in any of the children. Body temperature ranged from 37.2 to 38.50C, while urine was within the normal range.
All children were hospitalized and kept under observation for several consecutive days. At the same time, they were treated with antibiotics of the group of cephalosporins of the third generation, as well as with antipyretics (paracetamol).
As their condition improved and the abdominal pain subsided completely, they were released from the hospital with instructions to continue the rest and taking vitamins at home in the form of ready-made preparations for children.
Conclusion: While the Covid-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading and not sparing even children, pediatricians and surgeons must be very cautious in treating children with acute abdominal pain since infections with Covid-19, and not surgical diseases, might be the real cause of these concerns.
A Black Lives Matter mozgalom és a közösségi rendészet
Authors: Kovács Szitkay Eszter 
Published: August 2021

Az írás a „Black Lives Matter” mozgalom tavaszi fellángolását és a hozzá köthető rendészeti kérdéseket tárgyalja. A megmozdulások általános okainak bemutatása mellett kitér az ellenmozgalmak ismertetésére – mint az „All Lives Matter” és „Blue Lives Matter” –, valamint a közösségi rendészet jelenlegi helyzetének bemutatására is az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban. Mindez azt a célt szolgálja, hogy rálátást nyerjünk arra az aktuális kérdésre, hogy miért is vált az állampolgárok és a rendőrség kapcsolata olyan konfliktusossá, hogy az emberek tüntetéssorozattal fejezik ki tiltakozásukat – többek között – a nem megfelelő rendőri intézkedésekkel szemben, ott, ahol egyébként a közösségi rendészet filozófiáját alkalmazzák.
ANALISIS GETARAN AKIBAT MASSA YANG TIDAK SEIMBANG PADA MOTOR YANG BERPUTAR
Authors: Endriatno Nanang - 
Published: August 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karekteristik perpindahan, kecepatan, dan percepatan getaran akibat peningkatan masa berputar yang tidak seimbang (unbalance mass) pada balok kantilever aluminium. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan memvariasikan massa tidak seimbang pada motor penggetar. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam pengukuran langsung yaitu vibration meter, motor penggetar, balok aluminium seri 6061, dan tumpuan kantilever. Vibration meter digunakan untuk mengukur jarak perpindahan getaran, intensitas getaran atau kcepatan getaran, dan perubahan laju keceparan atau percepatan. Level getaran diukur pada dengan menambahkan massa tidak seimbang pada massa yang berputar dimotor pengetar dengan variasi penambahan massa sebesar: 1.2 gr, 1.56 gr, 1.9 gr, 2.29 gr. Alat sensor getaran diletakkan diatas balok tumpuan dari motor penggetar. Hasil pengujian eksperimental getaran menunjukkan bahwa nilai perpindahan, kecepatan, dan percepatan meningkat ketika massa ditambahkan pada motor pada radius 15 mm dari poros motor. Penambahan massa tidak seimbang akan menyebabkan gaya eksitasi bertambah dan meningkatkan level getaran. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan perpindahan getaran tertinggi pada massa (m4): 2.29 gr dengan nilai 0.72 mm dan terendah pada massa (m1): 1.2 gr dengan nilai: 0.09 mm. Kecepatan getaran (v) tertinggi dengan nilai 181.55 mm/s dan minimum pada 74.05 mm/s. Sedangkan percepatan getaran (a) tertinggi pada 175333 mm/s2 dan terendah pada 132017 mm/s2. Kata kunci: getaran, massa tidak seimbang, aluminium, kantilever, motor
Der p 1 Disrupts the Epithelial Barrier and Induces IL-6 Production in Patients With House Dust Mite Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Ogi Kazuhiro , Ramezanpour Mahnaz , Liu Sha , Ferdoush Tuli Jannatul , Bennett Catherine , Suzuki Masanobu , Fujieda Shigeharu , Psaltis Alkis James , Wormald Peter-John , Vreugde Sarah 
Published: August 2021

Background:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1/2 (Der p 1/Der p 2) are regarded as important allergens of house dust mite (HDM). However, the effect of both products on the epithelial barrier and immune response of patients with and without HDM allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear.Methods: Air–liquid interface (ALI) cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) derived from control subjects (non-AR) (n = 9) and HDM-AR patients (n = 9) were treated with Der P 1 and Der P 2, followed by testing the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextrans and immunofluorescence of claudin-1 and ZO-1. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production was evaluated by ELISA.Results: Der p 1 reduced TEER significantly in a transient and dose-dependent manner in HNEC-ALI cultures from HDM-AR and non-AR patients, whilst the paracellular permeability was not affected. TEER was significantly reduced by Der p 1 at the 10-min time point in HDM-AR patients compared to non-AR patients (p = 0.0259). Compared to no-treatment control, in HNECs derived from HDM-AR patients, Der p 1 significantly cleaved claudin-1 after 30 min exposure (72.7 ± 9.5 % in non-AR group, 39.9 ± 7.1 % in HDM-AR group, p = 0.0286) and induced IL-6 secretion (p = 0.0271).Conclusions: Our results suggest that patients with HDM-AR are more sensitive to Der p 1 than non-AR patients with increased effects of Der p1 on the mucosal barrier and induction of inflammation, indicating an important role for Der p1 in sensitization and HDM-AR development.
Mixed Acid Fermentation of Carbohydrate-Rich Dairy Manure Hydrolysate
Authors: Ingle Abel T. , Fortney Nathaniel W. , Walters Kevin A. , Donohue Timothy J. , Noguera Daniel R. 
Published: August 2021

Dairy manure (DM) is an abundant agricultural residue that is largely composed of lignocellulosic biomass. The aim of this study was to investigate if carbon derived from DM fibers can be recovered as medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which are mixed culture fermentation products of economic interest. DM fibers were subjected to combinations of physical, enzymatic, chemical, and thermochemical pretreatments to evaluate the possibility of producing carbohydrate-rich hydrolysates suitable for microbial fermentation by mixed cultures. Among the pretreatments tested, decrystalization dilute acid pretreatment (DCDA) produced the highest concentrations of glucose and xylose, and was selected for further experiments. Bioreactors fed DCDA hydrolysate were operated. Acetic acid and butyric acid comprised the majority of end products during operation of the bioreactors. MCFAs were transiently produced at a maximum concentration of 0.17 mg CODMCFAs/mg CODTotal. Analyses of the microbial communities in the bioreactors suggest that lactic acid bacteria, Megasphaera, and Caproiciproducens were involved in MCFA and C4 production during DCDA hydrolysate metabolism.
Chronic Hepatitis C Pathogenesis: Immune Response in the Liver Microenvironment and Peripheral Compartment
Authors: Rios Daniela Alejandra , Casciato Paola Cecilia , Caldirola María Soledad , Gaillard María Isabel , Giadans Cecilia , Ameigeiras Beatriz , De Matteo Elena Noemí , Preciado María Victoria , Valva Pamela 
Published: August 2021

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) pathogenic mechanisms as well as the participation of the immune response in the generation of liver damage are still a topic of interest. Here, we evaluated immune cell populations and cytokines in the liver and peripheral blood (PB) to elucidate their role in CHC pathogenesis. B, CTL, Th, Treg, Th1, Th17, and NK cell localization and frequency were evaluated on liver biopsies by immunohistochemistry, while frequency, differentiation, and functional status on PB were evaluated by flow cytometry. TNF-α, IL-23, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-10, and TGF-β expression levels were quantified in fresh liver biopsy by RT-qPCR and in plasma by CBA/ELISA. Liver CTL and Th1 at the lobular area inversely correlated with viral load (r = −0.469, p =0.003 and r = −0.384, p = 0.040). Treg correlated with CTL and Th1 at the lobular area (r = 0.784, p &lt; 0.0001; r = 0.436, p = 0.013). Th17 correlated with hepatic IL-8 (r = 0.52, p &lt; 0.05), and both were higher in advanced fibrosis cases (Th17 p = 0.0312, IL-8 p = 0.009). Hepatic cytokines were higher in severe hepatitis cases (IL-1β p = 0.026, IL-23 p = 0.031, IL-8 p = 0.002, TGF-β, p= 0.037). Peripheral NK (p = 0.008) and NK dim (p = 0.018) were diminished, while NK bright (p = 0.025) was elevated in patients vs. donors. Naïve Th (p = 0.011) and CTL (p = 0.0007) were decreased, while activated Th (p = 0.0007) and CTL (p = 0.0003) were increased. IFN-γ production and degranulation activity in NK and CTL were normal. Peripheral cytokines showed an altered profile vs. donors, particularly elevated IL-6 (p = 0.008) and TGF-β (p = 0.041). Total hepatic CTLs favored damage. Treg could not prevent fibrogenesis triggered by Th17 and IL-8. Peripheral T-lymphocyte differentiation stage shift, elevated cytokine levels and NK-cell count decrease would contribute to global disease.
One-Year Change in the H2FPEF Score After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With a Normal Left Ventricular Systolic Function
Authors: Kim Min , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Joung Boyoung , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Pak Hui-Nam 
Published: August 2021

Background: It is unclear whether atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation (AFCA) improves the left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. We evaluated the 1-year change in the H2FPEF score, which reflects the degree of LV diastolic function, after AFCA among patients with a normal LV systolic function.Methods and Results: We included 1,471 patients (30.7% female, median age 60 years, paroxysmal-type AF 68.6%) who had available H2FPEF scores at baseline and at 1-year after AFCA to evaluate the 1-year change in the H2FPEF score (ΔH2FPEF score[1−yr]) after AFCA. Baseline high H2FPEF scores (≥6) were independently associated with the female sex, left atrium (LA) diameter, LV mass index, pericardial fat volume, and a low estimated glomerular filtration rate. One year after AFCA, decreased ΔH2FPEF scores[1−yr] were associated with baseline H2FPEF scores of ≥6 [OR, 4.19 (95% CI, 2.88–6.11), p &lt; 0.001], no diabetes [OR, 0.60 (95% CI, 0.37–0.98), p = 0.04], and lower pericardial fat volume [OR, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99–1.00), p = 0.003]. Increased ΔH2FPEF scores[1−yr] were associated with a baseline H2FPEF score of &lt;6 [OR, 3.54 (95% CI, 2.08–6.04), p &lt; 0.001] and sustained AF after a recurrence within 1 year [SustainAF[1−yr]; OR, 1.89 (95% CI, 1.01–3.54), p = 0.048]. Throughout a 56-month median follow-up, an increased ΔH2FPEF score[1−yr] resulted in a poorer rhythm outcome of AFCA (at 1 year, log-rank p = 0.003; long-term, log-rank p = 0.010).Conclusions: AFCA appears to improve LV diastolic dysfunction. However, SustainAF[1−yr] may contribute to worsening LV diastolic dysfunction, and it was shown by increased ΔH2FPEF scores[1−yr], which was independently associated with higher risk of AF recurrence rate after AFCA.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02138695.
The Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Sex Hormones in Male Children and Adolescents Aged 6–19 Years
Authors: Qin Zheng , Liu Nuozhou , Liao Ruoxi , Jiang Luojia , Su Baihai 
Published: August 2021

AimsThis study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and sex hormones in male children and adolescents aged 6-19 years.MethodsWe obtained data from the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Male participants aged 6-19 years old with the complete data of DII and sex hormones were included. Weighted multiple regression analysis and subgroup analysis were preformed to estimate the independent relationship between DII and sex hormones.ResultsA total of 1717 male participants with the average age of 13.02 ± 3.82 years were enrolled, of whom 41.3% (n=713) were children and 58.47% (n=1004) were adolescents. In children, mean DII was 0.18 ± 1.67, with scores ranging from -4.53 to 4.08. As for adolescents, the mean DII was 0.36 ± 1.98, mean total testosterone (TT) was 376.94 ± 206.69 ng/dl overall. A negative association between DII with TT and estradiol (E2) was observed (TT: β=-11.97, P=0.0006; E2: β=-0.45, P=0.0108) in male adolescent. Subgroup analysis and interaction test results indicated that this association was similar in male adolescents with different body mass index. No statistically significant association was observed in children.ConclusionsPro-inflammatory diet was associated with lower TT and E2 level in male adolescent, while no association with statistical significance between them was observed in male children. However, more studies are still needed to validate the causal relationship between DII and sex hormones.
Cooperation Between Systemic IgG1 and Mucosal Dimeric IgA2 Monoclonal Anti-HIV Env Antibodies: Passive Immunization Protects Indian Rhesus Macaques Against Mucosal SHIV Challenges
Authors: Gong Siqi , Lakhashe Samir K. , Hariraju Dinesh , Scinto Hanna , Lanzavecchia Antonio , Cameroni Elisabetta , Corti Davide , Ratcliffe Sarah J. , Rogers Kenneth A. , Xiao Peng , Fontenot Jane , Villinger François , Ruprecht Ruth M. 
Published: August 2021

Understanding the interplay between systemic and mucosal anti-HIV antibodies can provide important insights to develop new prevention strategies. We used passive immunization via systemic and/or mucosal routes to establish cause-and-effect between well-characterized monoclonal antibodies and protection against intrarectal (i.r.) SHIV challenge. In a pilot study, for which we re-used animals previously exposed to SHIV but completely protected from viremia by different classes of anti-HIV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we made a surprise finding: low-dose intravenous (i.v.) HGN194-IgG1, a human neutralizing mAb against the conserved V3-loop crown, was ineffective when given alone but protected 100% of animals when combined with i.r. applied HGN194-dIgA2 that by itself had only protected 17% of the animals. Here we sought to confirm the unexpected synergy between systemically administered IgG1 and mucosally applied dIgA HGN194 forms using six groups of naïve macaques (n=6/group). Animals received i.v. HGN194-IgG1 alone or combined with i.r.-administered dIgA forms; controls remained untreated. HGN194-IgG1 i.v. doses were given 24 hours before – and all i.r. dIgA doses 30 min before – i.r. exposure to a single high-dose of SHIV-1157ipEL-p. All controls became viremic. Among passively immunized animals, the combination of IgG1+dIgA2 again protected 100% of the animals. In contrast, single-agent i.v. IgG1 protected only one of six animals (17%) – consistent with our pilot data. IgG1 combined with dIgA1 or dIgA1+dIgA2 protected 83% (5/6) of the animals. The dIgA1+dIgA2 combination without the systemically administered dose of IgG1 protected 67% (4/6) of the macaques. We conclude that combining suboptimal antibody defenses at systemic and mucosal levels can yield synergy and completely prevent virus acquisition.
Oral Scutellarin Treatment Ameliorates Retinal Thinning and Visual Deficits in Experimental Glaucoma
Authors: Zhu Jingyuan , Sainulabdeen Anoop , Akers Krystal , Adi Vishnu , Sims Jeffrey R. , Yarsky Eva , Yan Yi , Yu Yu , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Leung Christopher K. , Wollstein Gadi , Schuman Joel S. , Wei Wenbin , Chan Kevin C. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, yet glaucoma can continue to progress despite controlled IOP. Thus, development of glaucoma neurotherapeutics remains an unmet need. Scutellarin is a flavonoid that can exert neuroprotective effects in the eye and brain. Here, we investigated the neurobehavioral effects of scutellarin treatment in a chronic IOP elevation model.Methods: Ten adult C57BL/6J mice were unilaterally injected with an optically clear hydrogel into the anterior chamber to obstruct aqueous outflow and induce chronic IOP elevation. Eight other mice received unilateral intracameral injection of phosphate-buffered saline only. Another eight mice with hydrogel-induced unilateral chronic IOP elevation also received daily oral gavage of 300 mg/kg scutellarin. Tonometry, optical coherence tomography, and optokinetics were performed longitudinally for 4 weeks to monitor the IOP, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, total retinal thickness, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity of both eyes in all three groups.Results: Intracameral hydrogel injection resulted in unilateral chronic IOP elevation with no significant inter-eye IOP difference between scutellarin treatment and untreated groups. Upon scutellarin treatment, the hydrogel-injected eyes showed less retinal thinning and reduced visual behavioral deficits when compared to the untreated, hydrogel-injected eyes. No significant difference in retinal thickness or optokinetic measures was found in the contralateral, non-treated eyes over time or between all groups.Conclusion: Using the non-invasive measuring platform, oral scutellarin treatment appeared to preserve retinal structure and visual function upon chronic IOP elevation in mice. Scutellarin may be a novel neurotherapeutic agent for glaucoma treatment.
Awareness of Cognitive Decline in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cacciamani Federica , Houot Marion , Gagliardi Geoffroy , Dubois Bruno , Sikkes Sietske , Sánchez-Benavides Gonzalo , Denicolò Elena , Molinuevo José Luis , Vannini Patrizia , Epelbaum Stéphane 
Published: August 2021

Background: Identifying a poor degree of awareness of cognitive decline (ACD) could represent an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Objectives: (1) to understand whether there is evidence of poor ACD in the pre-dementia stages of AD; (2) to summarize the main findings obtained investigating ACD in AD; (3) to propose a conceptual framework.Data Sources: We searched Scopus, Pubmed, and the reference lists for studies published up to August 2020. Original research articles must report a measure of ACD and included individuals with AD dementia, or prodromal AD (or MCI), or being at risk for AD.Data Synthesis: All studies covering preclinical, prodromal, and AD dementia were systematically reviewed. We intended to perform a meta-analysis of empirical studies on preclinical AD or prodromal AD (or MCI), to compare ACD between clinical groups. Due to the paucity of literature on preclinical AD, meta-analysis was only possible for prodromal AD (or MCI) studies.Results: We systematically reviewed 283 articles, and conducted a meta-analysis of 18 articles on prodromal AD (or MCI), showing that ACD was not significantly different between patients with amnestic and non-amnestic MCI (SMD = 0.09, p = 0.574); ACD was significantly poorer in amnestic MCI (SMD = −0.56, p = 0.001) and mild AD (SMD = −1.39, p &lt; 0.001) than in controls; ACD was also significantly poorer in mild AD than in amnestic MCI (SMD = −0.75, p &lt; 0.001), as well as poorer than in non-amnestic MCI (SMD = −1.00, p &lt; 0.001). We also discuss key findings on ACD in AD, such as its neural and cognitive correlates.Conclusions and Implications: We propose that patients may be complaining of their initial subtle cognitive changes, but ACD would soon start to decrease. The individual would show mild anosognosia in the MCI stage, and severe anosognosia in dementia. The evaluation of ACD (comparing self-report to cognitive scores or to informant-report) could be useful to guide the clinician toward a timely diagnosis, and in trials targeting early-stage AD.