bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between metabolic syndrome and successful aging- using an extended definition of successful aging
Authors: Lin Yi-Hsuan , Chiou Jeng-Min , Chen Ta-Fu , Lai Liang-Chuan , Chen Jen-Hau , Chen Yen-Ching 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
To examine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and successful aging among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
Adults aged ≥ 65 years who participated in the senior health checkup program at National Taiwan University Hospital during 2011–2013 were recruited (N = 467 at baseline). The participants were followed after 4 years and 6 years. MetS was assessed at baseline. Successful aging was evaluated at baseline, 4-year follow-up, and 6-year follow-up. We adopted an extended definition of successful aging, which was defined as three major domains: physiological, psychological, and sociological and economic domains. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the association between MetS and successful aging adjusting for time (follow-up years), age, sex, years of education, alcohol consumption and MetS×time interaction term.

Results
The mean age of the study population was 72.9 (SD 5.5) years. The absence of baseline MetS had a positive effect on the probability of successful aging over six years. The absences of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hypertension were associated with the physiological successful aging. The absence of hypertension was the most significant predictor of physiological successful aging [aOR (95% CI) = 2.76 (1.67–4.58), p<0.001]. Significant increased trend was found in the overall and physiological successful aging across MetS status (No MetS, pre MetS, MetS; Ptrend <0.001).

Conclusions
We found that MetS is a risk factor of successful aging among community-dwelling older adults. Public health policy should aim at avoidance of MetS in order to facilitate successful aging in older population.
Error rate control for classification rules in multiclass mixture models
Authors: Mary-Huard Tristan , Perduca Vittorio , Martin-Magniette Marie-Laure , Blanchard Gilles 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the context of finite mixture models one considers the problem of classifying as many observations as possible in the classes of interest while controlling the classification error rate in these same classes. Similar to what is done in the framework of statistical test theory, different type I and type II-like classification error rates can be defined, along with their associated optimal rules, where optimality is defined as minimizing type II error rate while controlling type I error rate at some nominal level. It is first shown that finding an optimal classification rule boils down to searching an optimal region in the observation space where to apply the classical Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) rule. Depending on the misclassification rate to be controlled, the shape of the optimal region is provided, along with a heuristic to compute the optimal classification rule in practice. In particular, a multiclass FDR-like optimal rule is defined and compared to the thresholded MAP rules that is used in most applications. It is shown on both simulated and real datasets that the FDR-like optimal rule may be significantly less conservative than the thresholded MAP rule.
Multi-objective optimization of an industrial slurry phase ethylene polymerization reactor
Authors: Thakur Amit K. , Gupta Santosh K. , Kumar Rahul , Banerjee Nilanjana , Chaudhari Pranava 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Slurry polymerization processes using Zeigler–Natta catalysts are most widely used for the production of polyethylene due to their several advantages over other processes. Optimal operating conditions are required to obtain the maximum productivity of the polymer at minimal cost while ensuring operational safety in the slurry phase ethylene polymerization reactors. The main focus of this multi-objective optimization study is to obtain the optimal operating conditions corresponding to the maximization of productivity and yield at a minimal operating cost. The tuned reactor model has been optimized. The single objective optimization (SOO) and multi-objective optimization (MOO) problems are solved using non-dominating sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). A complete range of Pareto optimal solutions are obtained to obtain the maximum productivity and polymer yield at different input costs.
Zur Entwicklung supranationaler Deskriptoren für die zweitsprachliche Alphabetisierung – das LASLLIAM-Projekt des Europarats
Authors: Schramm Karen 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stellt das vom Europarat geförderte Projekt Literacy and Second Language Learning for the Linguistic Integration of Adult Migrants (LASLLIAM; 2018–2022) vor, das die Entwicklung von qualitativ hochwertigen Lernangeboten für gering literalisierte erwachsene Migrant*innen unterstützen möchte. Dazu werden zunächst die Zielsetzungen des Projekts und seine Entwicklungsschritte beschrieben, bevor das LASLLIAM-Handbuch und seine Einzelkapitel genauer charakterisiert werden. Im Zentrum stehen dabei die Skalen und domänenspezifischen Tabellen, die an Beispielen aus dem Bereich Lesen illustriert werden.
Adiposity rebound in very-low-birth-weight infants
Authors: Nakayama Koryo , Ichikawa Go , Naganuma Junko , Koyama Satomi , Arisaka Osamu , Sairenchi Toshimi , Kobashi Gen , Yoshihara Shigemi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Adiposity rebound (AR) refers to an increase in body mass index (BMI) after a nadir. Early AR, in which AR occurs earlier than five years old, is a risk factor for future obesity and metabolic syndrome, but has not been widely studied in very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs).

Methods
The subjects were VLBWIs born in Dokkyo Medical University NICU from January 2008 to December 2010. Height and weight measured at birth and at intervals until seven years old were obtained from medical records. The lowest BMI after one year of age was used for the age of AR. The subjects were divided into those with early and normal AR (<5 and ≥5 years old). BMI percentile at age seven years was compared using the interquartile range (IQR). Changes in BMI were evaluated by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results
There were 38 early AR cases and 62 normal AR cases, giving a prevalence of early AR similar to that in infants with normal birth weight. BMI percentile at age seven years was significantly higher in early AR cases than in normal AR cases (44.6 [IQR: 21.0–79.2] vs. 14.4 [IQR: 3.8–40.8] kg/m2). Changes in BMI were also significantly higher in early AR cases (p=0.024 by ANOVA).

Conclusions
Early AR in VLBWIs is a predictor of future obesity.
Pulmonary hypertension in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: risk factors, mortality and duration of hospitalisation
Authors: Arattu Thodika Fahad M.S. , Nanjundappa Mahesh , Dassios Theodore , Bell Aaron , Greenough Anne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complication of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Our aim was to identify, in infants with BPD, the effect of PH on health-care utilisation and health related cost of care.

Methods
An electronic data recording system was used to identify infants ≤32 weeks of gestation who developed BPD. PH was classified as early (≤28 days after birth) or late (>28 days after birth).

Results
In the study period, 182 infants developed BPD; 22 (12.1%) developed late PH. Development of late PH was associated with a lower gestational age [24.6 (23.9–26.9) weeks, p=0.001] and a greater need for positive pressure ventilation on day 28 after birth (100%) compared to infants without late PH (51.9%) (odds ratio (OR) 19.5, 95% CI: 2.6–148), p<0.001. Late PH was associated with increased mortality (36.4%) compared those who did not develop late PH (1.9%) after adjusting for gestational age and ventilation duration (OR: 26.9, 95% CI: 3.8–189.4), p<0.001. In infants who survived to discharge, late PH development was associated with a prolonged duration of stay [147 (118–189) days] compared to the infants that did not develop late PH [109 (85–149) days] (p=0.03 after adjusting for gestational age). Infants who had late PH had a higher cost of stay compared to infants with BPD who did not develop late PH (median £113,494 vs. £78,677, p=0.016 after adjusting for gestational age).

Conclusions
Development of late PH was associated with increased mortality, a prolonged duration of stay and higher healthcare cost.
The sociolinguistics of /l/ in Manchester
Authors: Turton Danielle , Baranowski Maciej 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a study of sociophonetic variation in the lateral approximant /l/ in Manchester, UK. We know little about how English laterals pattern sociolinguistically, despite them having been subject to extensive investigation in the phonetic literature. We present acoustic measures taken from interviews with 96 speakers from the city, stratified across five socioeconomic classes, spanning 99 years of birthdates (1907–2006). We demonstrate that word-initial /l/ is becoming darker in apparent time: younger speakers have darker /l/s. There is, however, no evidence that the allophonic status of /l/ is changing, with /l/ in all positions becoming darker. There is a monotonic relationship with social class: the higher the social class, the lighter the /l/, with some middle-class speakers showing potential of an allophonic distribution. We find an effect of ethnicity, with white speakers having darker /l/s in comparison to Black and Pakistani Mancunians. Overall, our findings are a novel contribution to the understanding of the sociophonetics of English laterals and provide new evidence of social patterning and the allophonic status of /l/ in this variety.
Penthemimeral Elision in Tragic Trimeters
Authors: Clark James T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a statistical survey of the incidence of elision at the penthemimeral caesura in the iambic trimeters of Greek tragedy. It updates and builds on the work of Descroix (1931) by considering the rates of elision of different types of words: lexicals, nonlexical polysyllables, and nonlexical monosyllables. While all tragedians elide less at the caesura than throughout the line, in Aeschylus the rate of this reduction is far greater for lexicals and polysyllabic nonlexicals than it is for monosyllabic nonlexicals. On this evidence, and the evidence of interlinear elision, it is tentatively suggested that lexicals and nonlexical polysyllables should together be considered as the more constrained elisions. When the rates of constrained elision are examined, the difference between Aeschylus and later Euripides is revealed to be twice that obtained when bulk figures are used. This difference is attributed to a combination of Euripides’ adoption of more fluent phrasing towards the end of his career and the tragedians’ different approaches to compositional constraints.
DiaLife – zusammen leben mit Diabetes: Schulungsprogramm für Angehörige
Authors: Fabisch Gottlobe , Hecht Lars 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Gefördert vom Bundesministerium für Gesundheit entwickelte der Verband der Diabetes-Beratungs- und Schulungsberufe in Deutschland e.V. (VDBD) das erste Schulungsprogramm, das spezifisch die Bedürfnisse von Angehörigen von erwachsenen Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus adressiert. Ziel ist es, die krankheitsbezogenen Belastungen von Angehörigen zu reduzieren, sowie durch ein Empowerment der Angehörigen die soziale Unterstützung im Rahmen des Selbstmanagements der Betroffenen zu fördern.
Bewegung im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Joisten Christine , Ferrari Nina , Wessely Stefanie 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Nutzen von körperlicher Aktivität im Kindes- und Jugendalter mit und ohne Diabetes ist unbestritten. Trotzdem werden aktuelle Empfehlungen kaum erreicht. Einen möglichen Ansatz bietet die Förderung der Physical Literacy bzw. der bewegungsbezogenen Gesundheitskompetenz, die als ganzheitliche Grundlage für ein lebenslanges Bewegen verstanden wird. Dies sollte aber in verhältnispräventive Maßnahmen eingebettet werden, um auch die Lebenswelten von Kindern und Jugendlichen bewegungsfreundlicher zu gestalten.
Aufklärungs- und Informationskampagnen zu Diabetes Mellitus – Systematische Recherche der Literatur und der sozialen Medien
Authors: Schlenz Anna , Schmidt Kerstin 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Kommunikationskampagnen sind ein möglicher Weg, das öffentliche Bewusstsein für Diabetes mellitus (DM) zu stärken und das Wissen über Prävention und Früherkennung sowie über Versorgungsangebote für DM einschließlich seiner Folgeerkrankungen nachhaltig zu verbessern. In einer systematischen Recherche wurden bestehende nationale und internationale Aufklärungs- und Informationskampagnen der letzten 20 Jahre identifiziert, charakterisiert und bewertet.
Diabetes-Aufklärung – Herausforderung für ÄrztInnen und ihre Teams
Authors: Uebel Til 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die neue nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Diabetes Typ 2 (NVL) kommt zu einer Neubewertung der Erkrankung. Es gilt, das individuelle Risiko zu ermitteln. Eine auf Komplikationen ausgerichtete Therapie und das Verlassen stoffwechselbezogener Therapieziele führt zu einem erheblichen Bedarf einerseits an Fortbildung und andererseits an gezielterer Information für Betroffene. Da gleichzeitig gefährliche Verläufe erkannt werden müssen, ergibt sich ein Zielkonflikt in der Praxis.
Predicting conductivities of alkali borophosphate glasses based on site energy distributions derived from network former unit concentrations
Authors: Bosi Marco , Maass Philipp 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For ion transport in network glasses, it is a great challenge to predict conductivities specifically based on structural properties. To this end it is necessary to gain an understanding of the energy landscape where the thermally activated hopping motion of the ions takes place. For alkali borophosphate glasses, a statistical mechanical approach was suggested to predict essential characteristics of the distribution of energies at the residence sites of the mobile alkali ions. The corresponding distribution of site energies was derived from the chemical units forming the glassy network. A hopping model based on the site energy landscape allowed to model the change of conductivity activation energies with the borate to phosphate mixing ratio. Here we refine and extend this general approach to cope with minimal local activation barriers and to calculate dc-conductivities without the need of performing extensive Monte-Carlo simulations. This calculation relies on the mapping of the many-body ion dynamics onto a network of local conductances derived from the elementary jump rates of the mobile ions. Application of the theoretical modelling to three series of alkali borophosphate glasses with the compositions 0.33Li2O–0.67[xB2O3–(1 − x)P2O5], 0.35Na2O–0.65[xB2O3–(1 − x)P2O5] and 0.4Na2O–0.6[xB2O3–(1 − x)P2O5] shows good agreement with experimental data.
The Morphological and Anatomical Studies of The Aerial Parts of Abroma augusta L. from Semarang
Authors: Nur Khasanah Rita Ariyana , Kusumarini Niken 
Published: November 2021

Abroma augusta L. known as Devil’s cotton belongs to Malvaceae. The exploratory study aimed to study the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the aerial parts of A. augusta L. from Semarang. The transverse section of the aerial parts was made by a simple method (fresh preparation) and then observed under a binocular microscope with an optilab. All characteristics were observed and then compared with the references. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. In summary, the results showed that A. augusta L. was an evergreen shrub (small tree) with orthotropic and plagiotropic branches and polymorphous leaves. The inflorenscence was found in the terminal and axillar plagiotropic branching with bisex, actinomorphic, and pentamerous flowers. The fruit was unique (obconical capsule with a rounded base and truncate-tip with 5 angled wings) including cotton fibers and numerous black seeds. The petiole was composed of epidermis, collenchyma, cortical parenchyma, sclerenchyma, vascular bundle, mucilaginous ducts, and pith. The dorsiventral leaf was composed of upper and lower epidermis, palisade, and spongy parenchyma. The stomata type was ranunculaceous (anomocytic) while the guard cell was kidney-shaped. The stomata density on the abaxial leaf was higher than that of the adaxial leaf. The stellate and unicellular non-glandular trichomes, and capitate glandular trichomes were found abundantly on the petiole and leaf blade. These morphological and anatomical studies are important to support the identification as a part of the conservation effort of the plant. Further studies are recommended to investigate the root morphology and anatomy and also biochemical characteristics of each part of the plant in order to obtain complete plant identification.
Three-year outcomes of sandwich therapy in patients with locally advanced cancer of the middle and lower rectum
Authors: Aniskin A. A. , Kuzmichev D. V. , Mamedli Z. Z. , Polynovskiy A. V. 
Published: November 2021

Background. The most important criteria for the effectiveness of the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer are indicators of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DSF). Conducting systemic chemotherapy in addition to chemoradiotherapy at the preoperative stage can increase these indicators.Objective: to study analyze the indicators of 3-year OS and DFS, as well as the frequency of local relapses and distant metastases.Materials and methods. From 2013 to 2020, 72 patients with T≥3(CRM+)N0–2M0 lower and middle ampullar rectal cancer were included in the study using sandwich therapy. At the first stage, 2 courses of induction polychemotherapy were carried out according to the CapOx scheme (capecitabine 2000 mg/m2 orally for 14 days and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 intravenously once every 3 weeks). Further, chemoradiation therapy was carried out with a total focal dose of 50–56 Gy while taking capecitabine 1650 mg/m2 per day orally on the days of irradiation. After the end of chemotherapy, the patients underwent 2 courses of consolidating polychemotherapy according to the CapOx scheme (capecitabine 2000 mg/m2 orally for 14 days and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 intravenously once every 3 weeks). The control group consisted of 72 patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment in accordance with current clinical guidelines (chemotherapy course with a total focal dose of 50–56 Gy while taking capecitabine 1650 mg/m2 per day orally on the days of irradiation).Results. In 19 (26.4 %) patients from the study group and in 6 (8.3 %) patients from the control group, the achievement of pCR was recorded (p = 0.006). The overall complication rate was 48 (66.7 %) in the study group and 37 (51.4 %) in the control group (p = 0.072), the frequency of grade III–IV toxicity was 8 (11.1 %) and 7 (9.7 %), respectively (p = 0.072). Sphincter-sparing surgical interventions were performed in 52 (72.2 %) and 40 (55.6 %) patients in the sandwich-therapy group and the control group of chemoradiation therapy, respectively (p = 0.037). Resection in the R0 volume was achieved in 71 (98.6 %) and 72 (100 %) patients, respectively (p = 0.316).Conclusion. The use of sandwich therapy is a promising trend in the treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. There were no significant differences in the frequency of 3-year OS (96.1 % versus 91.5 %, p = 0.247), DFS (89.8 % versus 84.0 %, p = 0.117) and local relapses (0 % versus 4.2 %, p = 0.997). In our study, statistically significant differences were obtained in the incidence of distant metastases (6.9 % versus 18.1 %, p = 0.05), which may indicate a positive trend towards an increase in OS and DFS rates.
The Impact of 3D Finite-Fault Information on Ground-Motion Forecasting for Earthquake Early Warning
Authors: Murray Jessica R. , Thompson Eric M. , Baltay Annemarie S. , Minson Sarah E. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTWe identify aspects of finite-source parameterization that strongly affect the accuracy of estimated ground motion for earthquake early warning (EEW). EEW systems aim to alert users to impending shaking before it reaches them. The U.S. West Coast EEW system, ShakeAlert, currently uses two algorithms based on seismic data to characterize the earthquake’s location, magnitude, and origin time, treating it as a point or line source. From this information, ShakeAlert calculates shaking intensity and alerts locations where shaking estimates exceed a threshold. Several geodetic EEW algorithms under development would provide 3D finite-fault information. We investigate conditions under which this information produces sufficiently better intensity estimates to potentially improve alerting. Using scenario crustal and subduction interface sources, we (1) identify the most influential source geometry parameters for an EEW algorithm’s shaking forecast, and (2) assess the intensity alert thresholds and magnitude ranges for which more detailed source characterization affects alert accuracy. We find that alert regions determined using 3D-source representations of correct magnitude and faulting mechanism are generally more accurate than those obtained using line sources. If a line-source representation is used and magnitude is calculated from the estimated length, then incorrect length estimates significantly degrade alert region accuracy. In detail, the value of 3D-source characterization depends on the user’s chosen alert threshold, tectonic regime, and faulting style. For the suite of source models we tested, the error in shaking intensity introduced by incorrect geometry could reach levels comparable to the intrinsic uncertainty in ground-motion calculations (e.g., 0.5–1.3 modified Mercalli intensity [MMI] units for MMI 4.5) but, especially for crustal sources, was often less. For subduction interface sources, 3D representations substantially improved alert area accuracy compared to line sources, and incorrect geometry parameters were more likely to cause error in calculated shaking intensity that exceeded uncertainties.