bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening Safflower Injection for Constituents with Activity against Stroke Using Comprehensive Chemical Profiling Coupled with Network Pharmacology
Authors: Shi Xin-Yue , Miao Qiu-Yun , Liu Xin-Guang , Li Ping , Gao Wen 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
This study aimed to explore safflower injection (SI) for constituents with activity against ischemic stroke using a combination of chemical analysis and a network pharmacology strategy.

Materials and Methods:
The main ingredients of SI were comprehensively identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, and the core targets and pathways associated with stroke were predicted using PharmMapper and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Cytoscape software was used to visualize and analyze the active compound-target-pathway network of SI regulating ischemic stroke.

Results:
A total of 76 chemical compounds were identified from the SI sample, including 63, which regulated 88 targets that were ultimately enriched in 12 key ischemia stroke-related signaling pathways. Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, carthamoside B6, neoeriocitrin, and 6-hydroxykaempferol-3-O-rutinoside-6-O-glucoside were determined to be important for stroke treatment because they had a higher degree value in the network than other constituents did. Moreover, the characteristic components isolated from SI showed protective effect mainly by acting on multiple targets including AKT1, epidermal growth factor receptor, transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TGFBR), Ras homolog, mTORC1 binding, caspase 3, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, which were involved in different signaling pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, neurotrophin, ErbB, mechanistic target of rapamycin, and tumor necrosis factor.

Conclusions:
This study proposed a network pharmacology and chemical component profiling strategy for the systematic understanding of the therapeutic material basis of using SI against ischemic stroke.
A STUDY ON MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN KARKIDAKA KANJI: A HEALTH TRADITION OF KERALA
Authors: Mohan Deepa  , Sajeevan Aiswaraya  
Published: June 2021

Karkidakam (July- August) is the last month of Malayalam calendar and is one of the months that falls under monsoon season. The month is regarded as the most suitable time for rejuvenation therapies. Karkidaka chikitsa are well known tradition of Kerala, which focuses on detoxification of the body and prevention of monsoon related diseases. Karkidaka kanji is a medicated porridge consumed by the people as the part of Karkidaka chikitsa. The kanji increases the digestive capacity and strengthens the body. It is believed that the kanji will be providing immunity for the upcoming year. The present work reveals the importance of Karkidaka kanji and the plants used in the conventional method of its preparation. The information regarding the plants used was obtained from the Ayurvedic Doctors, Ayurvedic practitioners and local peoples of different regions of Kerala. The study enumerates the list of 87 plant species belonging to 42 families to be used in the preparation of Karkidaka kanji. The kanji is generally prepared using Njavara rice, spices and various other herbs like Sida cordifolia, Boerhavia diffusa, Mimosa pudica, the extract of ‘Dashapusham’ etc. The ingredients and preparation of Karkidaka kanji varied in different region according to the availability of plants. These ingredients are therapeutically active source of drug for various disease and ailments. Still there exists a lot of possibilities for investigating the potential pharmacological activates of these plants. Thus systematic documentation of such traditional system indicating the importance of plants opens up the opportunity for future research.
ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ CỦA VIÊN NANG TAVINGA TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN PHÌ ĐẠI LÀNH TÍNH TUYẾN TIỀN LIỆT
Authors: Khắc Linh Phạm , Nguyên Mạnh Đào , Thanh Tuấn Trần , Thị Quỳnh Quách , Việt Nam Nguyễn , Ngọc Quang Phạm , Văn Quang Lê 
Published: June 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá tác dụng của chế phẩm Tavinga trên bệnh phì đại lành tính tuyến tiền liệt. Đối tượng và phương pháp: 56 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán phì đại lành tính tuyến tiền liệt được điều trị bằng chế phẩm Tavingavới liều 3 viên/lần x 2 lần x 60 ngày. Kết quả: Sau 2 tháng điều trị, các triệu chứng rối loạn tiểu tiện đã được cải thiện rõ rệt, điểm trung bình IPSS trung bình giảm từ 17,62 ± 7,42 xuống còn 4,84 ± 3,75; Điểm chất lượng cuộc sống QoL trung bình giảm từ 3,90 ± 0,47 xuống còn 1,70 ± 0,35; lưu lượng nước tiểu trung bình tăng từ 4,26 ± 2,65ml lên 8,76 ± 2,97ml; thể tích nước tiểu tồn dư giảm từ 35,34 ± 12,86ml xuống còn 14,51 ± 10,29ml; kích thước thể tích tuyến tiền liệt trung bình giảm trung bình 13,82m3. Sức khỏe bệnh nhân được cải thiện như ăn ngủ tốt, tiêu hóa cải thiện, tinh thần thoải mái, chức năng sinh lý được cải thiện. Không thấy có biến đổi các chỉ số sinh hóa, huyết học và các tác dụng không mong muốn của sản phẩm sau 2 tháng sử dụng chế phẩm Tavinga. Kết luận: Chế phẩm Tavinga có tác dụng cải thiện rối loạn tiểu tiện rõ rệt trên bệnh nhân phì đại lành tính tuyến tiền liệt.
KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ PHẪU THUẬT ÁP XE TRUNG THẤT NGUYÊN NHÂN DO THỦNG THỰC QUẢN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN VIỆT ĐỨC
Authors: Vũ Hùng Phạm , Đức Chính Nguyễn , Tuấn Anh Trần , Minh Ky Nguyễn , Văn Hiếu Đào , Tiễn Anh Phát Trần 
Published: June 2021

Đặt vấn đề: Áp xe trung thất (AXTT) do thủng thực quản (TQ) đã được biết đến từ lâu là nhiễm khuẩn nặng, nguy cơ tử vong cao. Mục đích nghiên cứu đánh giá kết quả điều trị phẫu thuật AXTT tại bệnh viện Việt Đức. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu kết hợp hồi cứu các trường hợp chẩn đoán AXTT do thủng TQ được điều trị tại bệnh viện Việt Đức từ 1/2016 đến 3/2019, bao gồm các trường hợp tử vong. Chẩn đoán AXTT theo tiêu chuẩn của Estrera (1983), Số liệu được xử lý bằng phần mềm SPSS 20.0. Nghiên cứu được thông qua hội đồng khoa học của bệnh viện. Kêt quả: Tổng số 40 ca, tỷ lệ nam: nữ 4,7: 1; Tuổi từ 36 đến 60 tuổi chiếm 60%. Chấn thương 70%, bệnh lý 30%. Do hóc xương chiếm 88,5%. Thủng ở 1/3 trên TQ 57,5%, 1/3 giữa TQ 22,5 %, và 1/3 dưới TQ 20%. Type I chiếm 55%, type IIb chiếm 45%, không có type IIa. Phương pháp điều trị phẫu thuật: Dẫn lưu đơn thuần 82,1%, mở ngực 17,9%. Trong dẫn lưu có dẫn lưu cổ 40,6%; Dẫn lưu ngực 31,2%, Dẫn lưu cổ + Ngực 28,1%. Trong mở ngực 7/39 gồm mổ mở (05) và nội soi có video hỗ trợ (02). Cô lập TQ: 71% mở thông dạ dày, 29 % mở thông hỗng tràng. Xử lý khác: Xử lý vết thương mạch máu 2 ca gồm tổn thương mạch giáp dưới và cảnh trong; Đặt stent graft ĐMC 02 ca: dò quai ĐM chủ/TQ. Kết quả điều trị: Biến chứng 7 (17,5%), Tử vong: 3 trường hợp (7,5%). Kết luận và kiến nghị: Việc xử lý phẫu thuật cấp cứu AXTT do thủng thực quản cần dẫn lưu được mủ, theo vị trí của áp xe chọn dẫn lưu cổ hoặc ngực phối hợp, kết hợp cô lập thực quản bằng mở thông dạ dày hoặc hỗng tràng.
ĐÁNH GIÁ ĐỘ PHÙ HỢP GIỮA KẾT QUẢ MÔ BỆNH HỌC VÀ ĐẶC ĐIỂM NỘI SOI TRONG CHẨN ĐOÁN BỆNH VIÊM RUỘT MẠN TÍNH
Authors: Việt Hằng Đào , Việt Sơn Vũ , Thị Thu Trang Trần , Thị Luận Đào 
Published: June 2021

Đặt vấn đề: Viêm ruột mạn tính (IBD) là bệnh lý có cơ chế bệnh sinh phức tạp và đang có xu hướng tăng lên trên thế giới. Chẩn đoán cần có sự phối hợp đặc điểm lâm sàng, kết quả nội soi và hình thái mô bệnh học (MBH) đặc biệt trong những trường hợp không điển hình. Nghiên cứunày được thực hiện với mục tiêu khảo sát độ phù hợp trong chẩn đoán IBD giữa kết quả MBH và hình ảnh nội soi. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu mô tả được thực hiện tại Bệnh viện Đại Học Y Hà Nội từ tháng 2/2020-10/2020trên bệnh nhân có kết quả nội soi theo dõi viêm loét đại trực tràng chảy máu (VLĐTTCM) hoặc Crohn và đối chiếu với kết quả MBH. Các tiêu bản sau đó được đọc độc lập lần 2 bởi chuyên gia giải phẫu bệnh về IBD, sau đó đối chiếu lại với kết quả lần 1 và hình ảnh nội soi. Kết quả nghiên cứu: Có 46 bệnh nhân thỏa mãn tiêu chuẩn lựa chọn, tuổi trung bình 44,23(14,5), min max 19-74, tỷ lệ nữ/nam là 1,3.Trên nội soi, 89,1% các bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán là VLĐTTCM, chỉ có 5 bệnh nhân là Crohn (10,9%). Mức độ đồng thuận giữa kết quả nội soi và MBH lần 1 và lần 2 ở mức thấp và trung bình với hệ số κ tương ứng là 0,265 và 0,491. Mức độ đồng thuận của kết quả MBH 2 lần ở mức trung bình (κ=0,487). Kết luận: Nghiên cứu ghi nhận mức độ đồng thuận giữa kết quả nội soi và MBH cũng như giữa hai lần chẩn đoán MBH có ý kiến của chuyên gia đều ở mức thấp và trung bình (κ<0,6).
G ´ E Interaction for Growth, Yield and Quality Characters of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) under Bangladesh Conditions
Authors: Rahman M. Moshiur , Rahman M. Mizanur , Mian M. Abdul Khaleque , Islam M. Ariful 
Published: June 2021

A multi location trial with five promising strawberry genotypes viz., Sweet Charlie, Festival, Camarosa, FA 008 and BARI Strawberry-1 was conducted under different sub tropical climatic conditions of Bangladesh to study their G ´ E interaction. Location were Gazipur, Rajshahi and Chittagong during the period from August 2009 to May 2011. Combined analysis of variance indicated significant variation among the genotypes as well as location for almost all the characters studied. Genotype ´ environment studies indicated different response of genotypes over locations for most of the characters suggesting location wise environmental variation. Stability parameter revealed that a particular genotype did not perform consistently for all the characters. The genotype Festival considered as stable for most of the characters except days to flowering and ascorbic acid content of fruits, and considered as stable over different locations. For this reason, the genotype Festival could be well thought-out and less receptive to the environmental conditions and might be recommended for all environments. On the other hand, environmental indices indicated that the environment of Rajshahi was found to be most favourable for strawberry cultivation followed by that of Gazipur and Chittagong.
Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of 2,4-Dichlorophenol Using Co-Current Down Flow Contactor Reactor
Authors: Rehman Asim , Nawaz Muhammad , Chughtai Arshad , Butt Muhammad Arif , Sattar Abdul 
Published: June 2021

In this study, a new prospective regarding application of gas liquid reactions in the presence of catalyst was studied for pollution abatement in the novel reactor. Catalytic hydrodechlorination (CHDC)of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous system was carried out under the operating conditions at 25- 75 °C, 1 atm in co-current down flow contactor reactor. Under these reaction conditions complete conversion of 2,4-DCP into less toxic products (phenol and cyclohexanone) was achieved using 5% Pd/C catalyst. At typical temperature the hydrodechlorination reaction of 2,4-DCP was completed after 10 min. 2,4-DCP was converted to 96.19% of phenol and 3.81% of cyclohexanone using 0.4 g/L of 5% Pd/C catalyst. The increase in initial concentration of 2,4-DCP resulted in the increase in time for the dechlorination of 2,4- DCP. The calculated activation energy values amounted to 43 KJ/mol for the CHDC of 2,4-DCP exhibiting that this reaction occurs mainly under the surface reaction rate controlled condition.
Preparation of GF/Wollastonite Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composite: Mechanical Properties
Authors: Reddy Gowkanapalli Ramachandra , Kumar Mala Ashok Kumar , Ramesh Ati , Basha Mehaboob , Karthikeyan Nadadur , Reddy Kolimi Madhava 
Published: June 2021

Performance of injection moulded short wollastonite fibre and chopped glass fibre reinforced hybrid epoxy composites was studied. The results showed that hybridisation of glass fibre and wollastonitewas in congruence to epoxy glass fibre composite system. Effect of fibre length, fibre orientation in matrix and analysis and fracture surface was undertaken. The mechanical properties of injection moulded, chopped glass fibre/wollastonite/epoxy hybrid composites were investigated by considering the effect of hybridisation by these two fillers. It was observed that the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the filled epoxy were higher than those of unfilled epoxy. The effect of filler on epoxy matrix subjected to the tensile strength and modulus was studied and compared with the rule of mixture. The actual results are marginally low as compared with the values obtained by the rule of hybrid mixtures (RoHM).
Manufacturing of Kevlar/Polyester Composite by Resin Transfer Moulding using Conventional and Microwave Heating
Authors: Abdullah Iram 
Published: June 2021

Microwave heating was incorporated into the resin transfer moulding technique. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mould was used to cure the composite panel. Through the use of microwave heating, the mechanical and physical properties of produced Kevlar fibre/polyester composites were compared to those manufactured by conventional resin transfer moulding. The flexural modulus and flexural strength of 6-ply conventionally cured composites was 45% and 9% higher than the flexural modulus and flexural strength of 6-ply microwaved cured composites, respectively. However, 19% increase in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and 2% increase in compressive strength was observed in 6-ply microwave cured composites. This enhancement in ILSS and compressive strength is attributed to the better interfacial bonding of polyester resin with Kevlar fibres in microwaved cured composite, which was also confirmed via electron microscopy scanning. Furthermore, the microwave cured composite yielded maximum void contents (3%).
SN2 Mechanism of Cationic Micelles on the Hydrolysis of Bis-p-Methoxyphenyl Phosphate Ester
Authors: Kumar Abanish 
Published: June 2021

Hydrolysis of bis-p-methoxyphenyl phosphate ester (bis-p-MPPE) was studied in micellar solutions of cityltrimethylammoniumbromide n-C16H33N+(CH3)3Br- (CTABr) at pH-9.0. The hydrolysis followed first order kinetics with respect to bis-p-MPPE concentration. At the concentration of critical micelle concentration (CMC) the rate of hydrolysis increased with increasing CTABr concentration. Surfactant with cationic or polar head group form micelles in water with hydrocarbon like interior or polar groups at the surface and bind cationic solute. The binding constant of micelle for bis-p-MPPE and the rate constant in micellar pseudo phase were determined from kinetic data using the pseudophase model.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Yield and Quality of Loofah (Luffa cylindrica Linn.) Seed Oil
Authors: Akinoso Rahman , Aremu Ademola Kabir , Akosim Nnena 
Published: June 2021

Effect of heat treatment on yield and some quality parameters of loofah seed (Luffa cylindrica Linn.) oil was the focus of this study. Central composite rotatable response surface methodology design for two variables was used for this investigation. Fatty acid composition of the un-treated oil was determined. The independent variables roasting temperature were 102, 110, 130, 150, 158 °C and duration 16, 20, 30, 40, 44 min while oil yield, moisture content, free fatty acid, colour, refractive index and specific gravity of the oil were the dependent variables. All determinations were done using standard methods. Linoleic acid (50.66%), oleic acid (27.66%), palmitic acid (12.28%) and stearic acid (6.44%) were the major fatty acids. Mean oil yield, moisture, free fatty acid, colour, refractive index and specific gravity were 25.91±5.16%,0.035±0.003%, 5.3±2.47%, 15.23±1.83 mg/100g, 1.47±0.002 ND40 and 0.913±0.02, respectively. All the parameters were significantly affected by heat treatment (p<0.05). Regression models were not fit to expressthe relation, thus optimisation using response surface approach was not adequate.
Untangling Decision Routes in Moral Dilemmas: The Refugee Dilemma
Authors: Barque-Duran Albert , Pothos Emmanuel M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is sometimes considered that there are 2 routes to moral choice, deontological and utilitarian (with debate as to whether each of these routes uniquely reflect emotional vs. analytic components). Yet in moral judgments we are often faced with a third route to choice, based on rules imposed by an outside agency (most typically the legal framework of a country). Whether we agree with these rules or not, we can choose to guide moral choice in this way. Moreover, depending on the situation, we can sometimes choose to prioritize such external rules or not. Sometimes external rules coincide with either deontological or utilitarian biases. But what happens when they do not? Using a novel paradigm for moral judgment, the refugee dilemma, we provide evidence for such a route to moral choice based on external rules. We show in 3 experiments that participants with high scores on a cognitive reflection test or under cognitive load were more likely to adopt utilitarian or rule-based responses, as opposed to emotional ones. We also found that rule-based respondents reported the highest average psychological distance. These findings extend the predominant approach of dual process models. Supplemental materials are available here: https://www.press.uillinois.edu/journals/ajp/media/untangling_decision_routes_in_moral_dilemmas/index.html
Horror Videogame Sound Effects, Cardiovascular Arousal, and Ethnic Bias in the Decision to Shoot
Authors: Ballard Mary E. , Spencer Michael , Holtkamp Megan K. , Sakrison Evan , Kindle Ta’rah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study used a survival horror videogame to examine the impact of scary sound effects on cardiovascular and affective arousal and determine whether differences in cardiovascular arousal increased bias in shooting people of color (POCs) first in a shooter task. We expected that participants who played the horror videogame with scary sound effects would have higher cardiovascular arousal and fear than those who played without sound effects. We also expected that increased cardiovascular arousal would increase the likelihood of shooting a POC first (first shot bias) later in a shooter game. The hypothesis that playing the survival horror videogame with scary sound effects would result in higher cardiovascular arousal was supported. First shot bias was not correlated with cardiovascular arousal. However, first shot bias was significantly and positively correlated with enjoyment of the shooter game. A post hoc, exploratory analysis indicated that participants in the scary sound effects condition were significantly more likely to shoot a POC first in the shooter task than those in the no sound effects condition when enjoyment of the shooter game was used as a covariate but not when the covariate was not included. However, this effect was small.
Mediació i circulació cultural a la Monarquía Hispànica: bisbes entre Espanya i Itàlia (segles XVI-XVII)
Authors: Mauro Ida , Fernández Terricabras Ignasi 
Published: June 2021

Presentació dels articles aplegats en aquest dossier monogràfic, dedicat a l’estudi d’alguns bisbes que van exercir diversos càrrecs eclesiàstics a la Península Ibèrica i a Itàlia als segles XVI i XVII. S’emmarquen en l’estudi dels anomenats “mediadors” i del rol que van jugar en la Monarquia Hispànica. La seva publicació permet reflexionar sobre la circulació d’elits eclesiàstiques i de devocions entre els diferents regnes de la Monarquia, així com sobre el seu significat polític.
Understanding Frailty Screening: a Domain Mapping Exercise
Authors: Van Damme Jill K. , Lemmon Kassandra , Oremus Mark , Neiterman Elena , Stolee Paul 
Published: June 2021

Background
Many definitions and operationalisations of frailty exclude psychosocial factors, such as social isolation and mental health, despite considerable evidence of the links between frailty and these factors. This study aimed to investigate the health domains covered by frailty screening tools.
Methods
A systematic search of the literature was conducted in ac­cordance with PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycInfo were searched from inception to December 31, 2018. Data related to the domains of each screening tool were extracted and mapped onto a framework based on the biopsychosocial model of Lehmans et al. (2009) and Wade & Halligans (2017).
Results
Sixty-seven frailty screening tools were captured in 79 arti­cles. All screening tools assessed biological factors, 73% assessed psychological factors, 52% assessed social factors, and 78% assessed contextual factors. Under half (43%) of the tools evaluated all four domains, 33% evaluated three of four domains, 12% reported two of four domains, and 13% reported one domain (biological).
Conclusion
This review found considerable variation in the assessment domains covered by frailty screening tools. Frailty is a broad construct, and frailty screening tools need to cover a wide var­iety of domains to enhance screening and outcomes assessment.
Aging in Place: Challenges of Older Adults with Self-Reported Cognitive Decline
Authors: Mayo Chantel D. , Kenny Rebecca , Scarapicchia Vanessa , Ohlhauser Lisa , Syme Robin , Gawryluk Jodie R. 
Published: June 2021

Background
An emergent concern related to the aging and the increased risk of cognitive decline is the institutionalization of older adults. Evidence has shown that aging in place leads to many benefits, including higher quality of life. In order to support older adults, it is imperative that we understand the challenges people with changes in cognition face while aging in place.
Methods
A total of sixteen older adults with self-reported cognitive decline and six informal caregivers of individuals reporting cognitive decline, all of whom are living in independent residences, participated. Focus group sessions with semi-structured interviews were conducted, followed by thematic qualitative data analyses.
Results
Thematic analyses led to the identification of six challenges to aging in place, including: 1) memory decline, 2) emotional challenges/low mood, 3) social isolation/loneliness, 4) difficulty with mobility and physical tasks, 5) difficulties with activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living, and 6) lack of educational resources on cognitive change.
Conclusion
The themes identified in the current study represent common challenges in aging in place for older adults with self-reported cognitive decline. Identification of these themes allows for important next steps, which can focus on supports through targeted interventions.