bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential response of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota to dietary insect meal during the seawater phase of Atlantic salmon
Authors: Li Yanxian , Bruni Leonardo , Jaramillo-Torres Alexander , Gajardo Karina , Kortner Trond M. , Krogdahl Åshild 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Intestinal digesta is commonly used for studying responses of microbiota to dietary shifts, yet evidence is accumulating that it represents an incomplete view of the intestinal microbiota. The present work aims to investigate the differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and how they may respond differently to dietary perturbations. In a 16-week seawater feeding trial, Atlantic salmon were fed either a commercially-relevant reference diet or an insect meal diet containing ~15% black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal. The digesta- and mucosa-associated distal intestinal microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Regardless of diet, we observed substantial differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota. Microbial richness and diversity were much higher in the digesta than the mucosa. The insect meal diet altered the distal intestinal microbiota resulting in higher microbial richness and diversity. The diet effect, however, depended on the sample origin. Digesta-associated intestinal microbiota showed more pronounced changes than the mucosa-associated microbiota. Multivariate association analyses identified two mucosa-enriched taxa, Brevinema andersonii and Spirochaetaceae, associated with the expression of genes related to immune responses and barrier function in the distal intestine, respectively. Conclusions: Our data show that salmon intestinal digesta and mucosa harbor microbial communities with clear differences. While feeding insects increased microbial richness and diversity in both digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota, mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota seems more resilient to variations in the diet composition. To fully unveil the response of intestinal microbiota to dietary changes, concurrent profiling of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota is recommended whenever feasible. Specific taxa enriched in the intestinal mucosa are associated to gene expression related to immune responses and barrier function. Detailed studies are needed on the ecological and functional significance of taxa associated to intestinal microbiota dwelling on the mucosa.
Association between social capital and loneliness among older adults: A cross-sectional study in Anhui Province, China
Authors: Bai Zhongliang , Wang Zijing , Shao Tiantai , Qin Xia , Hu Zhi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: We aimed to examine the association between social capital and loneliness in Anhui Province, China. Methods: Data were collected from a cross-sectional study using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy. Data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, social capital, and loneliness in 1810 older adults (aged 60 years and older) were used for analysis. Binary logistic regression models and a classification and regression tree model were performed to assess the association of social capital and loneliness. Results: Our results indicated that social capital in terms of lower level of social participation (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.10-1.74), social connection (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.18-1.93), and reciprocity (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.13-1.90) were associated with higher odds of developing loneliness. We noted the interactive effect of different social capital dimensions on loneliness, suggesting that the risk for suffering loneliness was greatest in older people limited in functional ability, with less trust, less social connection, and less social participation. Conclusions: Our findings show that social capital is associated with loneliness in older adults. This implies that social capital, especially in terms of trust, social connection, and social participation may be significant for alleviating loneliness in later life.
Biomass,&nbsp;lipid accumulation kinetics and the transcriptome of heterotrophic oleaginous microalga Tetradesmus bernardii&nbsp;under different carbon&nbsp;and nitrogen&nbsp;regime
Authors: Gao Baoyan , Wang Feifei , Huang Luodong , Liu Hui , Zhong Yuming , Zhang Chengwu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae has been proposed as a viable alternative method for novel high-value biomolecules, enriched biomass and biofuel production because of their allowance of high cell density levels, as well as simple production technology. Tetradesmus bernardii, a newly isolated high-yielding oleaginous microalga under photoautotrophic conditions, is able to grow heterotrophically, meaning that it can consume organic carbon sources in dark condition. We investigated the effect of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the growth and lipid accumulation of T. bernardii in heterotrophic batch culture under two nitrogen sources (NaNO3, CO(NH2)2). In addition, we conducted time-resolved transcriptome analysis to reveal the metabolic mechanism of T. bernardii in heterotrophic culture. Results: T. bernardii can accumulated high biomass concentrations in heterotrophic batch culture which the highest biomass of 46.09 g/L was achieved at 100 g/L glucose concentration. The rate of glucose to biomass was exceed 55% when the glucose concentration was less than 80 g/L, and the C/N ratio was 44 at urea treatment. The culture was beneficial to lipid accumulation at a C/N ratio between 110 and 130. NaNO3 used as a nitrogen source enhanced the lipid content more than urea, and the highest lipid content was 45% of dry weight. We performed RNA-seq to analyze the time-resolved transcriptome of T. bernardii. As the nitrogen was consumed in the medium, nitrogen metabolism related genes were significantly up-regulated to speed up the N metabolic cycle. As chloroplasts were destroyed in the dark, the metabolism of cells was transferred from chloroplasts to cytoplasm. However, storage of carbohydrate in chloroplast remained active, mainly the synthesis of starch, and the precursor of starch synthesis in heterotrophic culture may largely came from the absorption of organic carbon source (glucose). With regard to lipid metabolism, the related genes of fatty acid synthesis in low nitrogen concentration increased gradually with the extension of cultivation time.Conclusion: T. bernardii exhibited rapid growth and high lipid accumulation in heterotrophic culture. It may be a potential candidate for biomass and biofuel production. Transcriptome analysis showed that multilevel regulation ensured the conversion from carbon to the synthesis of carbohydrate and lipid.
TECH FOR KIDS TRAINING TO PREPARE THE STUDENTS TO BE INDEPENDENT LEARNERS
Authors: Nusyirwan Deny 
Published: January 2021

Industri 4.0 menawarkan pendekatan manufaktur yang lebih komprehensif dan saling terkait. Dimana menghubungkan pembangunan fisik dengan digital, serta memungkinkan kolaborasi dan akses yang lebih baik setiap bagian di perusahaan, konsumen dan vendor. Digitalisasi dan kecerdasan pada proses manufaktur adalah kebutuhan industri saat ini. Industri manufaktur saat ini sedang berubah dari produksi massal menjadi produksi yang spesifik. Kemajuan pesat dalam teknologi manufaktur dan aplikasi di industri membantu meningkatkan produktivitas. Industri 4.0 adalah tingkat organisasi baru dan kendali atas seluruh rantai nilai siklus hidup produk yang diarahkan pada kebutuhan pelanggan yang semakin individual. Banyak ekonom memprediksi bahwa disrupsi yang berkembang di berbagai industri ditumbulkan oleh percepatan evolusi teknologi pada abad ke-21. Kecerdasan buatan, robotika dan otomatisasi, bahan nano, dan adalah merupakan bentuk tsunami yang membawa perubahan pada proses bisnis dengan platform dan jaringan digital. Pada masa depan pekerjaan akan terus berubah. Untuk membantu siswa bertahan dan berkembang dalam lingkungan ketidakpastian tersebut maka perlu mempersiapkan siswa dengan apa yang disebut keterampilan abad ke-21. Dengan latar tersebut di lakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan memberikan pelatihan keterampilan STEM untuk menumbuhkan kemampuan belajar secara mandiri siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Raudhatul Qur’an Tanjungpinang dalam mempersiapkan diri menghadapi era revolusi industri 4.0. Pelatihan ini dikenal juga dengan Tech for Kids. Tech for kids merupakan metode untuk mempersiapkan softskill dan hardskill siswa untuk memiliki kompetensi penting di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Salah satu yang penilaian yang dilakukan adalah mengenai kemampuan siswa untuk bekerja secara mandiri, yaitu kemampuan siswa untuk bekerja tanpa pengawasan langsung setiap saat.
SHAPING STUDENT CHARACTER THROUGH CULTURE IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Arifiya Nur , Prasasty Aliffia Teja 
Published: January 2021

Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar (SD) adalah jenjang pendidikan paling rendah dalam tingkat pendidikan formal di Indonesia. Lingkungan sekolah dapat menjadi tempat yang baik dalam menanamkan karakter siswa. Pendidikan karakter merupakan usaha bersama seluruh warga sekolah untuk mewujudkan dan menciptakan suatu kultur baru di sekolah, yaitu kultur pendidikan karakter. Penanaman karakter sangat penting dilakukan pada anak-anak usia dini dan dapat dilakukan dengan tiga tahapan, yaitu kegiatan rutin, kegiatan spontan, dan keteladanan. Budaya sekolah merupakan salah satu aspek yang berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan siswa. Jika suasana sekolah penuh kedisiplinan, kejujuran, kasih sayang, maka akan dihasilkan karakter yang baik. Pada saat yang sama, pendidik juga akan merasakan kedamaian dengan suasana sekolah seperti itu sehingga akan meningkatkan mutu pengelolaan pembelajaran. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan membentuk karakter baik melalui budaya di lingkungan sekolah, sehingga disepakati untuk menentukan kegiatan rutin berupa menerapkan disiplin di lingkungan sekolah dan keteladanan dengan saling menghormati sekalipun dalam hubungan pertemanan. Dengan demikian pembentukan karakter baik melalui budaya di lingkungan sekolah sangat efektif dilakukan, Berdasarkan hasil komunikasi terakhir dengan pihak sekolah SDN 3 Ratujaya Depok, bahwa siswa-siswi lebih disiplin dalam belajar, saling menghargai satu sama lain, dan menghormati orang yang lebih tua terutama para guru baik dalam hal berbicara maupun bersikap.Kata kunci: Karakter, Budaya, Lingkungan, Sekolah Dasar
Airway Management In The Emergency Department
Authors: Pacheco Garrett S. , Wilson Bryan 
Published: January 2021

Emergency airway management has evolved tremendously since the onset of the specialty’s origin. Over the years, the importance of first-pass success and approach to the difficult airway were the primary challenges faced by emergency physicians. With the advent of video laryngoscopy, the rates of first-pass success continue to increase, and the effect of the anatomically difficult airway has begun to lessen. With advances in tools for airway management, the challenges have shifted to approaching optimal preoxygenation and correction of physiologic disturbances prior to any intubation attempt. This review discusses traditional rapid sequence intubation and advances in the field of emergency airway management.
This review contains 6 figures, 6 tables and 74 references
Key words: difficult airway, emergency airway management, preoxygenation, surgical airway
"¿Qué porvenir será tu pasado?". Entender la realidad actual a través de Anatomía de la memoria, de Eduardo Ruiz Sosa
Authors: ELVIRA NAVARRO ANDREA 
Published: January 2021

Este artículo supone un acercamiento a la obra narrativa de Eduardo Ruiz Sosa (México, 1983) desde el punto de vista político, atendiendo a su novela Anatomía de la memoria. A través de una ficcionalización de su tierra natal, el autor pretende un alejamiento con respecto al pasado para intentar comprender de qué manera el sujeto actual construye su presente en una atmósfera asediada por la violencia y la muerte. Para ello, se llevará a cabo un acercamiento a su particular estilo literario, profundamente lírico, con el que formulará una crítica a los mecanismos de represión estatal en el pasado y en el presente.
Segmentasi Tumor Otak Berdasarkan Citra Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dengan Menggunakan Metode U-NET
Authors: Suta Ida Bagus Leo Mahadya , Sudarma Made , Satya Kumara I Nyoman 
Published: January 2021

Tumor otak merupakan salah satu penyakit yang mematikan dimana 3.7% per 100.000 pasien mengidap tumor ganas. Untuk menganalisa tumor otak dapat dilakukan melalui segmentasi citra Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Proses analisa citra secara otomatis dibutuhkan untuk menghemat waktu dan meningkatkan akurasi dari diagnosa yang dilakukan. Segmentasi secara otomatis dapat dilakukan dengan deep learning. U-NET merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan segmentasi citra medis karena bekerja dapa pixel level. Dengan menerapkan fungsi aktivasi ReLU dan Adam Optimizer, metode ini dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan segmentasi tumor otak. Dataset untuk proses training dan validation menggunakan BRATS 2017. Beberapa hyperparameter diterapkan pada metode ini yaitu, learning rate (lr) = 0.0001, batch size (bz) = 5, epoch = 80 dan beta ( ) = 0.9. Dari serangkaian proses yang dilakukan, akurasi metode U-NET dihitung dengan rumus Dice Coefficient dan menghasilkan nilai akurasi sebagai berikut: 90.22% (Full Tumor), 78.09% (Core Tumor) dan 80.20% (Enhancing Tumor).
Redesain Turbin 175 KW Untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) Desa Mekar Sari Buleleng Bali
Authors: Laksana Dewa Putu Ari , Giriantari Ida Ayu Dwi , Satya Kumara I Nyoman 
Published: January 2021

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) Mekar Sari Buleleng sudah ada sejak tahun 1980. PLTMH berhubungan 10 kW ini kedaunan antara masalah yang operasi yang tidak optimal. Salah satu disadilah yang ditamparadala h redesain turbin yang sudah berumur tahun. Desain baru turbin crossflow dengan modal 185 kW. Unjuk kerja turbin divalidasi dengan aplikasi pirus Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dengan simulasi keluaran daya rata-rata turbinnya 175 kW. Salah satu fitur perbaikan yang digunakan pada desain turbin ini adalah desain dari nosel sehingga daya keluaran turbin dapat dibuat maksimal.
Sistemas de acondicionamiento de aire y ventilación como foco infeccioso de SARS CoV-2 en hospitales, clínicas e instituciones de salud
Authors: Fong-Silva Waldyr , Severiche-Sierra Carlos , Fong-Amarís Wendy 
Published: January 2021

En el presente trabajo se hace un análisis de la forma como los sistemas de acondicionamiento de aire, calefacción y ventilación se convierten en posibles focos infecciosos de transmisión del Sars Cov-2 debido a los ventiladores internos con los que cuentan y que generan la corriente de aire forzada que refresca, calienta o ventila el recinto o habitación. También se prsentan 4 elementos sobre los cuales se deben hacer las auditorías en hospitales y centros de salud para que no se conviertan en fuentes infecciosas, como lo son: a) diseño de condiciones ambientales según los criterios de Ashrae 170-2013, Ashrae 55; b) ventilación adecuada del recinto según los criterios de Ashrae 62; c) renovación y suministro de aire fresco exterior hacia los recintos según criterios de la norma Ashrae 62 y DIN 1946; d) requerimientos mínimos de diseño de los sistemas de filtración de este tipo de dispositivos según criterios de la norma EN 1822:2009 e ISO 29463. Se concluye que los sistemas de calefacción, ventilación y aire acondicionado, ocasionan la movilidad de núcleos de gotas y gotitas respiratorias en el ambiente convirtiéndose en fuente primaria de transmisión del Sars Cov-2 y que para evitarlo, se hace necesario utilizar sistemas de tratamiento de aire que posean filtros de alta eficiencia HEPA y en lo posible utilicen cámaras germicidas con luz ultravioleta.
Caracterización de la cultura innovativa en la cooperación universidad-empresa
Authors: Cohen-Granados Jonathan , Linares-Morales José , Briceño-Ariza Leonar 
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es caracterizar la cultura innovativa en los procesos de cooperación universidad-empresa del Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva, con un diseño no experimental, transeccional y de campo; la población y muestra está constituida por 13 sujetos responsables de los procesos de cooperación universidad-empresa y cultura innovativa de la Universidad del Magdalena. Se empleó la encuesta como técnica y el cuestionario como instrumento de recolección de datos, constituido por 21 ítems bajo una escala tipo Likert, con cinco alternativas de respuesta. Fue validado por 5 expertos y calculada su confiabilidad en 0,87 según coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. En los resultados las medias aritméticas muestran una muy alta presencia de los indicadores correspondientes a los factores asociados a la cultura innovativa en la universidad. Se concluye que en la Universidad del Magdalena están dadas las condiciones para apalancar desde la cultura innovativa estrategias que permitan implementar ecosistemas de innovación que propendan la cooperación universidad-empresa y la articulación entre los diferentes actores sociales.
Tipos de marketing en comercios textiles de la Guajira Colombiana
Authors: Quintero-Ramos Meudis , Cárdenas-Fragozo Norelys 
Published: January 2021

Se buscó establecer los tipos de marketing, en los comerciantes del sector de ropa en el municipio de Maicao, norte de Colombia. La presente investigación se enmarcó dentro de un enfoque positivista, diseño de campo, no experimental, transeccional, descriptivo. Así mismo, se realizó un censo poblacional con sesenta y tres (63) sujetos, sector Cacaíto y sector el Triángulo del municipio de Maicao. Se realizó una encuesta, con alternativas de respuesta tipo escala Likert las cuales se le asignó una valoración numérica de uno (1) a cinco (5) según el escalamiento representado de la siguiente manera: Siempre (5); Casi Siempre (4); Algunas Veces (3); Casi Nunca (2) y Nunca (1). Se concluye que los tipos de marketing comercial, social y de causa generan rentabilidades en las ventas de prendas de vestir, satisfaciendo a clientes y sus diferentes entornos.
„Hin sinkt der Wall, der alte Schutz, es fallen seine Stützen”. Ryska twierdza w XVI–XIX w. i jej defortyfikacja w 1857 r.
Authors: Zabłocka‑Kos Agnieszka 
Published: January 2021

The following article presents the issue of the fortification of Riga and associated plans of the suburbs in the 17th and 18th centuries (plans of Johann van Rodenburg and Rudolf Friedrich Härbel), as well as the projects of the transformation of the former fortification zones in the 19th century. Additionally, the paper covers the question of an unknown plan of Riga from 1843. In 1812, as a result of an intentional arson during the Russian campaign, the suburbs were completely destroyed. This prompted Filippo Paulucci to create a new plan that, among others, carefully delineated the transformation of the glacis into a wide esplanade. In 1856, after the Crimean War, a decision was made to de-fortify the city. In November 1857, in a very solemn manner, the process of Riga’s defortification began. Torch -bearing citizens participated in marches across the city, taking part in concerts and collective singing; during all these festivities, the city was brightly illuminated. This event was an amalgamation of solemn state celebrations and a folk, carnival-like fiesta. Celebrations connected with the process of Riga’s defortification belong to a small group of defortifications in European cities celebrated so uproariously.
In early 1857, the architect Johann Daniel Felsko created a remarkably interesting plan developing the former fortification grounds, as well as a new idea of the spatial development of the city. Felsko used the modern division into functional zones: the trading-communication zone (port, depots, railway station, and ‘gostiny dvor’ (‘merchant yard’) and the stately-park zone (palaces, elegant revenue houses, public buildings), which, at that time, was still a great rarity. The conception utilized in Riga definitely overtook the ideas for the Vienna Ring Road (the second half of 1857). In my opinion, Felsko’s idea shares the most similarities with the former fortification zones in Frankfurt am Main, which were reclaimed in 1806. However, his plan was never faithfully realized.
Out of numerous projects concerning the esplanade and promenade on the grounds of the former glacis, in the second half of the 19th century, there emerged one of the most interesting and beautiful European promenade complexes. Some of the first public buildings were the Riga-Daugavpils Railway Station and the theatre; later, school buildings, the Riga Technical University, and numerous palaces and houses were erected there. In the early 20th century, Riga was the third biggest and industrially developed city east of the Oder, reaching the population of over 470,000 citizens in 1913, following Warsaw and Wrocław. Its spatial development ideas, created in the 19th century, were then fully implemented.
Aplicación del coeficiente de confiabilidad de Kuder Richardson en una escala para la revisión y prevención de los efectos de las rutinas
Authors: Durán Pérez Fernanda Belen , Lara Abad Gabriel Eduardo 
Published: January 2021

La confiabilidad es y ha sido sin duda, uno de los temas más álgidos para la psicología, que, si bien ha ido tomando de varios saberes y procesos formales desde la matemática y la estadística todo lo necesario para poder desarrollar instrumentos con un nivel de acercamiento a las demandas actuales, suelen presentarse diversas trabas. La consistencia interna se refiere al grado del proyecto y a través del cuál, la escala está interrelacionada consigo misma. La fórmula de cálculo para la consistencia interna es La fórmula de Kuder-Richardson, de la escala dicotómica o escalograma Guttman y El Alfa de Cronbach se utiliza para escalas de respuestas múltiples. Considerar la consistencia interna si oscila entre 0,70 y 0,90, es aceptable. Determina la consistencia de la escala requiere de 5 a 20 participantes. Para cada artículo. La consistencia interna del instrumento varía según la población al aplicarlo, siempre es necesario indicar el valor cada vez que se presenta una nueva solicitud.
A METHODOLOGY FOR REDUCING ENERGY UTILIZATION IN DENSE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Authors: Kumar Senthil , Prabhu Boselin , Rajkumar  , Sophia S. 
Published: January 2021

The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, and so on. Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs), is one of the most rapidly growing scientific domain. This is because of the development of advanced sensor nodes with extremely low cost and the potential application of such sensor nodes are ever growing. One of the characteristic feature of WSNs compared to the traditional wireless communication networks, is the power awareness, due to the fact that the batteries of the sensor nodes have restricted lifetime and are difficult to be replaced. This is why we focus on power awareness, while the traditional wireless networks mainly focuses on the QOS. A typical sensor node consumes most of its energy during communication. However, energy expenditure takes place while performing sensing and data processing too. This work suggests the development of an advanced hierarchical routing technique, which gives improved performance over the existing techniques. Power consumption is highly reduced, thereby greatly reducing the cost of network and hence the lifetime of nodes can be greatly improved.