bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ experiences of caring for people with COVID-19 in Hong Kong: a qualitative enquiry
Authors: Chau Janita Pak Chun , Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Saran Ravneet , Leung Claudia Ho Yau , Lam Simon Kwun Yu , Thompson David R 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesNurses are the largest group of healthcare workers on the front line of efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. An understanding of their nursing experiences, the challenges they encountered and the strategies they used to address them may inform efforts to better prepare and support nurses and public health measures when facing a resurgence of COVID-19 or new pandemics. This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurses caring for people with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19 in Hong Kong.DesignA qualitative study was conducted using individual, semistructured interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis.SettingParticipants were recruited from acute hospitals and a public health department in Hong Kong from June 2020 to August 2020.ParticipantsA purposive sample of registered nurses (N=39) caring for people with COVID-19 in Hong Kong were recruited.ResultsTwo-thirds of the nurses had a master’s degree and over a third had 6–10 years of nursing experience. Around 40% of the nurses cared for people with COVID-19 in isolation wards and a quarter performed COVID-19-related work for 31-40 hours/week. Most (90%) had training in COVID-19 and three-quarters had experience of working in infection control teams. Six key themes emerged: confronting resource shortages; changes in usual nursing responsibilities and care modes; maintaining physical and mental health; need for effective and timely responses from relevant local authorities; role of the community in public health protection and management; and advanced pandemic preparedness.ConclusionsOur study found that nurses possessed resilience, self-care and adaptability when confronting resource shortages, changing nursing protocols, and physical and mental health threats during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, coordinated support from the clinical environment, local authorities and community, and advanced preparedness would likely improve nursing responses to future pandemics.
Validation of the Intermountain Risk Score and Get with the Guidelines—Heart Failure Score in predicting mortality
Authors: Engelsgjerd Erik K , Benziger Catherine P , Horne Benjamin D 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveThe Intermountain Risk Score (IMRS) was evaluated for validation as a mortality predictor and compared with the American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines—Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) risk score in a rural heart failure (HF) population.BackgroundIMRS predicts mortality in general populations using common, inexpensive laboratory tests, patient age and sex, but requires validation in patients with HF.MethodsIndividuals were selected from the GWTG-HF registry at Essentia Health. This included consecutive HF inpatients age ≥18 years admitted July 2017–June 2019. IMRS was calculated using sex-specific weightings of the complete blood count, basic metabolic profile, and age.ResultsA total of 703 individuals (mean age: 74.12, 44.38% female) were studied. The 30-day IMRS predicted 30-day mortality for both sexes (females n=312: OR=1.19 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.32) per +1, p<0.001; males n=391: OR=1.23 (CI 1.12 to 1.36) per +1, p<0.001). The GWTG-HF risk score (only available in n=300, 42.7%) was independent of IMRS for 30-day mortality (OR=1.11 (CI 1.06 to 1.16) per +1, p<0.001). Using thresholds in bivariate modelling, IMRS (high vs low risk, OR=8.25 (CI 2.19 to 31.09), p=0.002) and the GWTG-HF score (tertile 3 vs 1: OR=2.18 (CI 0.84 to 5.68), p=0.11) independently predicted mortality. In multivariable analyses including covariables, IMRS (high vs low risk: OR=6.69 (CI 1.75 to 25.60), p=0.005) and the GWTG-HF score (tertile 3 vs 1: OR=2.62 (CI 0.96 to 7.12), p=0.06) remained predictors of mortality. Results were similar for 1-year mortality.ConclusionsThe IMRS and GWTG-HF scores predicted mortality of patients with HF in a large rural healthcare system. Future study of these scores as initial clinical risk estimators for evaluating their utility in improving patient health outcomes and increasing cost effectiveness is warranted.
Evaluation of the internal blast resistance of a bi-directionally prestressed concrete tubular structure according to ANFO explosive charge weight
Authors: Choi Ji-Hun , Choi Seung-Jai , Lee Tae-Hee , Yang Dal-Hun , Kim Jang-Ho Jay 
Published: August 2021

When an extreme internal loading is applied to prestressed concrete (PSC) structures, serious property damage and human casualties may occur. However, the existing designs for PSC structures such as prestressed concrete containment vessels (PCCVs) do not include features to protect the structure from forces such as explosive blasts. Therefore, we evaluated the internal blast-resistance of PSC structures using blast tests on bi-directionally prestressed tubular concrete members. The goal of the study was to examine structural behavior data after an internal detonation. Explosive charges (ammonium nitrate – fuel oil; ANFO) were detonated at the center of the mid-span of the concrete tube with a standoff distance of 1000 mm. The data acquired included blast pressure, deflection, strain, crack pattern, and prestressing loss. The data were used to calculate the internal blast charge weight required to cause a PCCV to fail and to calibrate a simulation program to be used commercially for internal blast simulations at real scale structure.
Holographic entanglement entropy in flat limit of the generalized minimal massive gravity model
Authors: Setare M. R. , Koohgard M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPreviously we have studied the Generalized Minimal Massive Gravity (GMMG) in asymptotically $$AdS_3$$

A
d

S
3

background, and have shown that the theory is free of negative-energy bulk modes. Also we have shown GMMG avoids the aforementioned “bulk-boundary unitarity clash”. Here instead of $$AdS_3$$

A
d

S
3

space we consider asymptotically flat space, and study this model in the flat limit. The dual field theory of GMMG in the flat limit is a $$BMS_3$$

B
M

S
3

invariant field theory, dubbed (BMSFT) and we have BMS algebra asymptotically instead of Virasoro algebra. In fact here we present an evidence for this claim. Entanglement entropy of GMMG is calculated in the background in the flat null infinity. Our evidence for mentioned claim is the result for entanglement entropy in filed theory side and in the bulk (in the gravity side). At first using Cardy formula and Rindler transformation, we calculate entanglement entropy of BMSFT in three different cases. Zero temperature on the plane and on the cylinder, and non-zero temperature case. Then we obtain the entanglement entropy in the bulk. Our results in gravity side are exactly in agreement with field theory calculations.
Supersymmetric domain walls in maximal 6D gauged supergravity I
Authors: Karndumri Parinya , Nuchino Patharadanai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe find a large class of supersymmetric domain wall solutions from six-dimensional $$N=(2,2)$$

N
=
(
2
,
2
)

gauged supergravity with various gauge groups. In general, the embedding tensor lives in $${{\mathbf {144}}}_c$$

144
c

representation of the global symmetry SO(5, 5). We explicitly construct the embedding tensors in $${{\mathbf {15}}}^{-1}$$

15

-
1

and $$\overline{{\mathbf {40}}}^{-1}$$

40
¯

-
1

representations of $$GL(5)\sim {\mathbb {R}}^+\times SL(5)\subset SO(5,5)$$

G
L

(
5
)

∼

R

+

×
S
L

(
5
)

⊂
S
O

(
5
,
5
)

leading to $$CSO(p,q,5-p-q)$$

C
S
O
(
p
,
q
,
5
-
p
-
q
)

and $$CSO(p,q,4-p-q)\ltimes {\mathbb {R}}^4_{{\varvec{s}}}$$

C
S
O

(
p
,
q
,
4
-
p
-
q
)

⋉

R

s

4

gauge groups, respectively. These gaugings can be obtained from $$S^1$$

S
1

reductions of seven-dimensional gauged supergravity with $$CSO(p,q,5-p-q)$$

C
S
O
(
p
,
q
,
5
-
p
-
q
)

and $$CSO(p,q,4-p-q)$$

C
S
O
(
p
,
q
,
4
-
p
-
q
)

gauge groups. As in seven dimensions, we find half-supersymmetric domain walls for purely magnetic or purely electric gaugings with the embedding tensors in $${{\mathbf {15}}}^{-1}$$

15

-
1

or $$\overline{{\mathbf {40}}}^{-1}$$

40
¯

-
1

representations, respectively. In addition, for dyonic gauge groups with the embedding tensors in both $${{\mathbf {15}}}^{-1}$$

15

-
1

and $$\overline{{\mathbf {40}}}^{-1}$$

40
¯

-
1

representations, the domain walls turn out to be $$\frac{1}{4}$$

1
4

-supersymmetric as in the seven-dimensional analogue. By the DW/QFT duality, these solutions are dual to maximal and half-maximal super Yang–Mills theories in five dimensions. All of the solutions can be uplifted to seven dimensions and further embedded in type IIB or M-theories by the well-known consistent truncation of the seven-dimensional $$N=4$$

N
=
4

gauged supergravity.
Spending More on the Poor? A Comprehensive Summary of State-Specific Responses to School Finance Reforms from 1990–2014
Authors: Shores Kenneth A. , Candelaria Christopher A. , Kabourek Sarah E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sixty-seven school finance reforms (SFRs), a combination of court-ordered and legislative reforms, have taken place since 1990; however, there is little empirical evidence on the heterogeneity of SFR effects. In this study, we estimate the effects of SFRs on revenues and expenditures between 1990 and 2014 for twenty-six states. We find that, on average, per pupil spending increased, especially in low-income districts relative to high-income districts. However, underlying these average effect estimates, the distribution of state-level effect sizes ranges from negative to positive—there is substantial heterogeneity. When predicting SFR impacts, we find that multiple state-level SFRs, union strength, and some funding formula components are positively associated with SFR effect sizes in low-income districts. We also show that, on average, states without SFRs adopted funding formula components and increased K–12 state revenues similarly to states with SFRs.
The Columbellidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) in the Miocene Paratethys Sea—striking diversity of a negelected group
Authors: HARZHAUSER MATHIAS , LANDAU BERNARD M. 
Published: August 2021

We document 37 Columbellidae species, placed in 15 genera, from the middle Miocene of the Paratethys Sea, adding about 20% of new species to the previously known Columbellidae fauna of the Paratethys. This distinct increase is based on a careful revision of museum material that was collected during the 19th century. A detailed revision revealed numerous misidentifications of published material, which greatly distorted the understanding of many species in the literature. The revised fauna reveals only minimal affinities with coeval faunas from the Proto-Mediterranean Sea and suggests a palaeogeographic subdivision within the Central Paratethys between northern and southern basins. A major drop in columbellid diversity occurred at the Langhian/Serravallian boundary, coinciding with the Miocene Climatic Transition. This event led to a severe diversity decline from a high Langhian level of 32 species, which was comparable in the number of columbellid species to that of the modern Red Sea and tropical West Africa (~23 species), down to a diversity level of nine species, equalling that of the modern Mediterranean Sea.
Auingeria nov. gen., Bellacolumbella nov. gen., Martaia nov. gen. and Defensina nov. gen. are introduced as new genera. Mitrella dacica nov. sp., Mitrella demaintenonae nov. sp., Mitrella elongatissima nov. sp., Mitrella viennensis nov. sp. and Zafrona sphaerocorrugata nov. sp. are described as new species. Costoanachis venzoi is proposed as replacement name for Anachis (Costoanachis) subcorrugata Venzo & Pelosio, 1963 non Columbella (Anachis) subcorrugata Boettger, 1906.
Lectotypes are designated for Columbella (Anachis) guembeli Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella januskiewiczi Friedberg, 1938, Columbella (Mitrella) fallax Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Atilia (Macrurella) hilberi Cossmann, 1901, Columbella petersi Hilber, 1879, Columbella (Mitrella) complanata Sacco, 1890, Columbella (Mitrella) bittneri Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella (Orthurella) elongata var. convexula Sacco, 1890, Columbella (Anachis) moravica Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella (Mitrella) bucciniformis Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella (Anachis) haueri Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella (Anachis) austriaca Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Pyrene (Anachis) bellardii grussbachensis Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969, Columbella (Anachis) dujardini Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella (Anachis) zitteli Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella (Nitidella) karreri Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, and Columbella (Nitidella) katharinae Hoernes & Auinger, 1880.
Scabrellana is introduced as replacement name for the trilobite genus Scabrella Wenndorf (1990) non Scabrella Sacco, 1890.
Separation Theorems in Econometrics and Psychometrics: Rasch, Frisch, Two Fishers and Implications for Measurement
Authors: Fisher William P. 
Published: August 2021

In 1959, Ragnar Frisch prompted Georg Rasch to formalise a separability theorem that continues today to serve as the basis of a wide range of theoretical and applied developments in psychological and social measurement. Previously unnoted are the influences on Rasch exerted by Frisch’s concerns for data autonomy, model identification and necessary and sufficient conditions. Although Rasch acknowledged Frisch’s prompting towards a separability theorem, he did not acknowledge any substantive, intellectual debt to him, nor to Irving Fisher, but only to Ronald Fisher. Rasch appears to have developed a special interest in sufficiency and identified models when studying with Frisch in 1935, and in 1947, when Rasch accompanied Tjalling Koopmans to the University of Chicago and the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics. I. Fisher’s separation theorem continues to be relevant in econometrics, and interest in Rasch’s separability theorem is growing as the measurement models based on it are adopted in metrological theory and practice. The extensive interrelations between measurement science, metrological standards and economics suggest paths towards lower transaction costs and more efficient markets for individualised exchanges of human, social and natural capital. Equally, if not more, surprising are the implications for a poetic art of complex, harmonised relationships played out via creative improvisations expressed using instruments tuned to shared scales. JEL: B41, C10, C13, C20, C42, D70, E60, H54, I11, I21, I31, P11
Timely short-term specialized palliative care service intervention for older people with frailty and their family carers in primary care: Development and modelling of the frailty+ intervention using theory of change
Authors: de Nooijer Kim , Pivodic Lara , Van Den Noortgate Nele , Pype Peter , Evans Catherine , Van den Block Lieve 
Published: August 2021

Background: Palliative care is advocated for older people with frailty and multimorbidity in the community. However, how to best deliver it is unclear. Aim: To develop and model an intervention of short-term specialized palliative care that is initiated timely based on complex care needs and integrated with primary care for older people with frailty and their family, detailing the intervention components, outcomes and preconditions needed for implementation, using a novel theoretical approach. Design: Observational study informed by the UK MRC guidance for complex interventions integrated with a Theory of Change (i.e. hypothetical causal pathway to impact) approach. We synthesized evidence from a systematic review, semi-structured interviews, group discussions and Theory of Change workshops. Setting: Primary care in Flanders, Belgium. Results: We identified patient and family carer-related long-term outcomes and preconditions to achieve them for example, service providers are willing and able to deliver the intervention. The intervention components included implementation components, for example, training for service providers, and a core component, that is, provision of timely short-term specialized palliative care by a specialized palliative home care nurse. The latter includes: short-term service delivery; collaborative and integrative working within primary care; delivery of holistic needs- and capacity-based care; person-centred and family-focussed; and goal-oriented pro-active care. Conclusions: The Theory of Change approach allowed us to identify multiple intervention components targeting different stakeholders to achieve the desired outcomes. It also facilitated a detailed description of the intervention which aims to increase replicability and effective comparisons with other interventions.
Working in disability employment: An interpretative phenomenological study of experiences of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia
Authors: Ottewell Namino 
Published: August 2021

Aim To understand how employees with schizophrenia in disability employment interpret their work experience. Method Nine people with schizophrenia were interviewed. Data were analysed with the interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results All participants regarded themselves as ‘persons with mental illness’. Some participants developed their mental illness identity by realising that working without accommodations is difficult. Although participants found working in the current company comfortable because the supervisors provided appropriate accommodations, they were dissatisfied with low salary. A proportion of the participants felt dissatisfaction with the menial work, which led to low levels of self-esteem as they viewed non-disability employment of higher value. In addition, the present study noted a difference between self-labelling and labelling by others; although participants regarded themselves as ‘persons with mental illness’, they felt reluctant to be viewed as such by others. Most of the participants wanted to work in non-disability employment in future for financial and personal reasons, such as to increase self-esteem. Conclusion It is imperative that benefits and other issues in disability employment for people with psychosocial disability relating to mental illness are explored more broadly in future research. Further, employers must create healthy workplaces, for all employees regardless of disability can benefit from it.
T2-PROPELLER Compared to T2-FRFSE for Image Quality and Lesion Detection at Prostate MRI
Authors: Czyzewska Dorota , Sushentsev Nikita , Latoch Eryk , Slough Rhys A. , Barrett Tristan 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The primary objective was to compare T2-FRFSE and T2-PROPELLER sequences for image quality. The secondary objective was to compare the ability to detect prostate lesions at MRI in the presence and absence of motion artefact using the 2 sequences. Methods: 99 patients underwent 3 T MRI examination of the prostate, including T2-FRFSE and T2-PROPELLER sequences. All patients underwent prostate biopsy. Two independent readers rated overall image quality, presence of motion artefact, and blurring for both sequences using a 5-point Likert scale. Scores were compared for the whole group and for subgroups with and without significant motion artefact. Outcome for lesion detection at an MRI threshold of PI-RADS score ≥3 was compared between T2-FRFSE and T2-PROPELLER. Results: The overall image quality was not significantly different between T2-FRFSE and T2-PROPELLER sequences (3.74 vs. 3.93, p = 0.275). T2-PROPELLER recorded a lesser degree of motion artefact (score 4.53 vs. 3.78, p <0.0001), but demonstrated greater image blurring (score 3.29 vs. 3.73, p <0.001). However, in a subgroup of patients with significant motion artefact on T2-FRFSE, the T2-PROPELLER sequence demonstrated significantly higher image quality (3.46 vs. 2.49, p <0.001). T2-FRFSE and T2-PROPELLER showed comparable positive predictive values for lesion detection at 93.2% and 97.7%, respectively. Conclusions: T2-PROPELLER provides higher quality imaging in the presence of motion artefact, but T2-FRFSE is preferred in the absence of motion. T2-PROPELLER is therefore recommended as a secondary T2 sequence when imaging requires repeat acquisition due to motion artefact.
Evaluation of Various Detection Strategies in the Assessment of Noncredible Memory Performance: Results of Two Experimental Studies
Authors: Crişan Iulia , Sava Florin Alin , Maricuţoiu Laurenţiu Paul , Ciumăgeanu Mugur Daniel , Axinia Otilia , Gîrniceanu Lucian , Ciotlăuş Laura 
Published: August 2021

Objective: This article investigates the accuracy of individual and combined indicators based on different strategies for detecting noncredible performance as part of a new test for the continuous assessment of short-term memory. Method: In two independent studies, we assessed three groups of simulators, cognitively impaired patients, and nonimpaired community members with four tasks separated by a distractor. Results: Pairwise comparisons between receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed significant differences between two clusters of indicators: mean recognition, inconsistent responses in recognition, and false positives (area under the ROC curves > .800) proved more accurate than delayed recall and false negatives (area under the ROC curves < .800) in discriminating simulators from patients. Likewise, both studies revealed that adding the false positives indicator based on cued recall to mean recognition incrementally improved classification accuracy (including sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value ) compared with the recognition indicator alone. Conclusions: Our results support the association of two distinct indicators for the assessment of noncredible performance, of which one should be a forced-choice indicator.
Computed tomography-guided transforaminal lumbar puncture using local anesthesia and a straight 22-gauge spinal needle for intrathecal nusinersen in adults: Findings in 77 procedures
Authors: Cox Mougnyan , Atsina Kofi-Buaku , Ramchand Preethi , Ji Jonathan , Sedora-Roman Neda , Pukenas Bryan 
Published: August 2021

Background Intrathecal nusinersen is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for spinal muscular atrophy. Reliable intrathecal access is critical for initial and maintenance therapy; however, this can be challenging in older patients with spinal muscular atrophy many of whom have had prior lumbar instrumentation and osseous fusion. Transforaminal lumbar punctures have emerged as a technique for intrathecal access that avoids the hazards of cervical punctures. We describe our technique for transforaminal lumbar punctures under computed tomography guidance using local anesthesia and a straight 22-gauge needle. Methods Following local institutional review board approval, medical records of all patients undergoing computed tomography-guided transforaminal lumbar puncture for intrathecal nusinersen injection were obtained and analyzed. The rate of technical success and immediate complications were recorded. Any delayed complications noted in a 3-day follow-up phone call and future office visit were also recorded. Data collation and analysis were performed using Excel. Results A total of 77 transforaminal lumbar punctures were performed with intrathecal administration of nusinersen, for a 100% technical success rate. Local anesthesia was used in 76 cases, with conscious sedation used in one case. General anesthesia was not used in any case. There were no major complications. One patient had a postdural puncture headache that resolved completely after a transforaminal epidural blood patch performed 4 days later. Conclusions Intrathecal administration of nusinersen is critical for treatment of patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Our described technique allows for reliable access to the intrathecal space using local anesthesia and a straight 22-gauge spinal needle under computed tomography guidance, and is easily reproducible.