bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oikeion, Agathon, and Archaia Phusis in Plato’s Symposium
Authors: Crüwell Hermann Stefan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, I show that Aristophanes’s speech in Plato’s Symposium is tied into an interesting and hitherto unexplored web of ideas in Plato’s ethics and psychology. The poet’s analysis of erōs as ‘leading us to what “belongs” (the oikeion)’ (193d2) and as ‘restoring us in our “original nature” (archaia phusis)’ (193d4) is not a mere negative contribution that renders him a ‘target for Diotima’s fire’ (Dover). Rather, he unwittingly communicates central ethical and psychological ideas which we find developed in key passages of Plato’s dialogues. What is interesting is that Diotima in a curious passage seems to dismiss his contribution of the oikeion as unrelated to our good (agathon) and irrelevant to the analysis of desire (205d10–206a1). I argue that this interpretation of Diotima’s response to Aristophanes, which would render her position an ethical anomaly in Plato’s dialogues, should be rejected. Instead, it is more plausible to read her response as proposing a revisionary conception of the oikeion, relying on the idea that our agathon is our true oikeion. In addition, I tentatively suggest that the theory of psychic pregnancy may be seen as presenting the agathon of wisdom of virtue produced in the ascent as an oikeion. Just as fascinating as Diotima’s stance on the oikeion is the question how her teachings relate to the concept of an archaia phusis of the soul. The idea that the soul’s self-perfection constitutes a return to a temporally prior condition of excellence, which in two places other than the Symposium (Republic X, Timaeus) is called the ‘archaia phusis’, is pervasive and centrally important to Plato’s psychology. I address the question whether Diotima’s ascent passage constitutes a psychological anomaly in portraying self-perfection as unrelated to the concept of the archaia phusis. I argue that an answer to this depends on the stance we take on the Symposium’s position regarding the immortality of the soul. While a reading that posits a rejection of immortality in the Symposium must indeed deny a role for the concept in Diotima’s speech, I show that a reading allowing for immortality as a theoretical commitment in the background has an interesting interpretative option: along with Timaeus 90d5, it may fruitfully interpret the ascent as an ordering of the soul ‘in accordance with its archaia phusis’.
Evaluation of mesoporous polyaniline for glucose sensor under different pH electrolyte conditions
Authors: Alabdali Zinah N. , Al-Keisy Amar , Hamdi Sinan S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Nonenzymatic biosensor-based-conductive polymers like polyaniline are highly electrochemically stable, cheap, and easy to synthesize biosensors, which is the main objective of research as well as testing applied in different pH conditions to get optimum sensitivity.

Methods
A nonenzymatic glucose biosensor based on polyaniline was electrochemically deposited on a glassy carbon electrode; the cyclic voltammetry under range applied voltage −0.2 to 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl was employed to synthesize the biosensor electrode.

Results
The polyaniline biosensor electrode properties were characterized, and the morphology surface photographic confirmed mesoporous architecture with many accessible pores, while chemical bonding analysis confirmed the synthesis of polyaniline. The initial investigation examined the pH levels of phosphate-buffered saline, including 5, 5.5, 6, and 6.5. The cyclic voltammetry measurement revealed that the pH=5.5 provides excellent sensitivity toward glucose detection. The sensitivity of pH=5.5 is 68.7 μA mM−1 cm−2, and the low detection limit is 1 µM.

Conclusions
The findings above indicate that the biosensor could be an excellent candidate for application in electrochemical glucose sensing under pH=5.5 conditions of phosphate-buffered saline.
Verification of automated review, release and reporting of results with assessment of the risk of harm for patients: the procedure algorithm proposal for clinical laboratories
Authors: Miler Marijana , Nikolac Gabaj Nora , Šimić Gordan , Unić Adriana , Milevoj Kopčinović Lara , Božović Marija , Radman Anita , Vrtarić Alen , Štefanović Mario , Vukasović Ines 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Autoverification increases the efficiency of laboratories. Laboratories accredited according to ISO 15189:2022 need to validate their processes, including autoverification, and assess the associated risks to patient safety. The aim of this study was to propose a systematic verification algorithm for autoverification and to assess its potential risks.

Methods
The study was conducted using retrospective data from the Laboratory Information System (LIS). Seven laboratory medicine specialists participated. Autoverification rules were defined for analytes in serum, stool, urine and whole blood determined on Alinity ci (Abbott), Atellica 1500 (Siemens) and ABL90 FLEX (Radiometer). Criteria included internal quality control results, instrument flags, hemolysis/icteria/lipemia indices, median patient values, critical values, measurement ranges, delta checks, and reference values. Verification was performed step by step. Risk analysis was performed using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis and the Risk Priority Number (RPN) was calculated.

Results
During the study, 23,633 laboratory reports were generated, containing 246,579 test results for 167 biochemical tests. Of these, 198,879 (80.66 %) met the criteria for autoverification. For 2,057 results (0.83 %), the experts disagreed with the autoverification criteria (false negatives). Discrepancies were mainly associated to median and delta check values. Only 45 false positives (0.02 %) were identified, resulting in an RPN of 0 for all cases.

Conclusions
The autoverified and non-autoverified results showed high agreement with the expert opinions, with minimal disagreement (0.02 % and 0.83 %, respectively). The risk analysis showed that autoverification did not pose a significant risk to patient safety. This study, the first of its kind, provides step-by-step recommendations for implementing autoverification in laboratories.
Portable syringe kit demonstration of gas generating reactions for upper secondary school chemistry
Authors: Jarujamrus Purim , Chairam Sanoe , Supasorn Saksri 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to develop a portable syringe experiment kit for easy demonstration of the chemical kinetics of H2, C2H2, and CO2 gas-generating reactions for upper secondary school chemistry classrooms. The main apparatus comprises two large (A and C) and one small (B) Luer-lock-tip syringes connected with a 3-way stopcock. Ignition is applied to test H2 and C2H2 gases. In contrast, the turbidity of lime water is used to test CO2 gas. The effects of reactant species and concentrations on the reaction rates were demonstrated. The syringe kit was implemented through the 5E inquiry learning process for a group of 33 grade 11 students, leading to an improvement in their conceptual test scores on chemical reaction rates from 33.94 % to 78.03 %, with a normalized gain in the medium range (<g = 0.67>). This suggests that using the syringe kit within the 5E inquiry learning framework effectively supported students in developing a more accurate conceptual understanding of reaction rates.
Extracts from teak wood industrial waste: decay performance of treated wood after artificial weathering
Authors: Brocco Victor Fassina , Costa Lais Gonçalves da , Paes Juarez Benigno , Kirker Grant T. , Bishell Amy B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the preservative potential of extracts from teak wood industrial waste against artificial weathering and decay fungi. Teak extracts were obtained in hot water, acetone, ethanol and methanol and tested against brown-rot (Rhodonia placenta, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Neolentinus lepideus) and white-rot fungi (Irpex lacteus). Aging tests included the leaching test and artificial weathering in a QUV accelerated weathering tester. The chemical analysis of the extracts was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the compounds were compared with the cited literature. The extracts were characterized as quinone derivatives (35 %), mainly tectoquinone (28 %), followed by squalene (8–12 %) and other phenolic compounds (6 %). Lapachol, although found in proportions of 0.7–0.9 %, plays an important role in wood durability and biocidal activity in teak extracts. The results obtained by the chemical analysis indicated that the main compounds identified in this study can act synergistically on the resistance of wood impregnated. Teak extracts ensured high resistance to the decay fungi tested and results showed better performance of acetone extracts. In view of the results obtained, it is recommended to carry out other tests (soil bed and field tests) to verify the long-term effects of the extracts.
New year, new opossums? Comparing the diet and health related characteristics of Didelphis virginiana over four years
Authors: Glebskiy Yury , Parra-Campos Daniela Aimee , Cano-Santana Zenon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Virginia opossum is an animal that plays important roles in ecosystems and is a popular model for ecological studies. However, they are short-lived (average lifespan of 1.1 years), and a question arises: can the data taken from those animals be extrapolated to other years or do their characteristics change as quickly as the members of a population? Therefore, the aim of this article is to compare several characteristics (age, weight, body condition, infestation by fleas, severity of injuries, leucocyte and erythrocyte counts, and isotopic niche) of an opossum population over four years. For this, we trapped opossums in the same location at the same time of year for four years. We found that most characteristics remained similar over the study period; however, there was a change in erythrocyte counts, and the isotopic niche changed every year. A positive correlation was found between the δ15N and body condition. This suggests that if left undisturbed, opossum populations maintain their characteristics; however, their diet changes according to food availability. Opossums that are higher in the trophic net (most likely because they consume more carrion) tend to have a higher body condition.
The association between screen exposure and autism spectrum disorder in children: meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Hezuo , Zhu Xiaohong , Ge Bin , Huang Minhui , Li Xing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The goal is to provide light on the contentious relationship between screen exposure and childhood autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By conducting two meta-analyses that showed a potential association, including screen exposure effect by ASD and ASD risk by screen exposure, we aimed to clarify the potential causality between screen exposure and childhood ASD.

Content
The literature published up to December 2023 were systematically collected, and the combined effect values of weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) and odds ratio (OR) and 95 % CI were calculated using two meta-analyses using the STATA 12.0. A total of 197,357 children, including 4,599 childhood ASD, were finally included in 10 studies. The results showed that children with ASD had higher levels of screen time exposure than healthy controls (combined effect value WMD=0.27, 95 % CI: 0.12–0.41, p<0.001). An increased risk of ASD was also found in children with high screen exposure compared to the low screen exposure group (OR=1.5395 % CI: 1.14–2.06).

Summary and outlook
The development of childhood ASD may be associated with screen exposure. Future prospective studies are needed to verify the relationship between screen exposure and ASD in children.
Nanocarriers in glioblastoma treatment: a neuroimmunological perspective
Authors: Firuzpour Faezeh , Saleki Kiarash , Aram Cena , Rezaei Nima 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most fatal brain tumor with a poor prognosis with current treatments, mainly because of intrinsic resistance processes. GBM is also referred to as grade 4 astrocytoma, that makes up about 15.4 % of brain cancers globally as well as 60–75 % of astrocytoma. The most prevalent therapeutic choices for GBM comprise surgery in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, providing patients with an average survival of 6–14 months. Nanocarriers provide various benefits such as enhanced drug solubility, biocompatibility, targeted activity, as well as minimized side effects. In addition, GBM treatment comes with several challenges such as the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB), overexpressed efflux pumps, infiltration, invasion, drug resistance, as well as immune escape due to tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer stem cells (CSC). Recent research has focused on nanocarriers due to their ability to self-assemble, improve bioavailability, provide controlled release, and penetrate the BBB. These nano-based components could potentially enhance drug accumulation in brain tumor tissues and reduce systemic toxicity, making them a compelling solution for GBM therapy. This review captures the complexities associated with multi-functional nano drug delivery systems (NDDS) in crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and targeting cancer cells. In addition, it presents a succinct overview of various types of targeted multi-functional nano drug delivery system (NDDS) which has exhibited promising value for improving drug delivery to the brain.
Assessment of blood collection competency in phlebotomists: a survey study
Authors: Coşkun Cihan , Gümüş Alper , Uçar Kamil Taha , Düz Muhammet Emin , Yeşil Beyazıt Semih , Özkan Asibe , Çiftçi Karan Eda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Blood collection, one of the most frequently performed procedures in healthcare settings. The study aimed to develop a scale for phlebotomy procedures based on national phlebotomy guidelines and to assess the tendencies of phlebotomy personnel in certain blood collection practices.

Methods
The survey included a 5-point likert scale, which consisted of 20 items and multiple-choice questions. The survey was disseminated to the attendees via an online platform (Google Forms®, Mountain View, California, USA), and they were requested to complete it, and a total of 1,439 participants were included in the study.

Results
The data showed that the scale complied with the guidelines and was highly valid and reliable. A significant finding from the study indicates that 47.9 % of the participants (689 individuals) chose the syringe response during the blood collection procedure. The variable of prior phlebotomy training exhibited no statistically significant effect on these responses (χ²=1.893, p=0.093). A statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of tendencies for using intravenous cannulas/catheters in inpatient settings (p<0.05).

Conclusions
The standardization of blood collection practices may be enhanced through the implementation of these procedures by specialized medical professionals. It is necessary to audit the quality of current practices and identify the most vulnerable steps in phlebotomy. The implementation of phlebotomy guidelines in healthcare settings should be encouraged. Furthermore, greater commitment is required from relevant authorities to develop educational programs and establish continuous education courses for healthcare phlebotomy personnel.
Temas y paratextos: la conexión entre Concha Méndez y Consuelo Berges a través de Canciones de mar y tierra (1930) y Escalas (1930)
Authors: Ferreira Beatriz 
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo se centra en la relación de amistad que unía a Concha Méndez y Consuelo Berges, explorándola a través de un análisis temático y paratextual de dos de sus obras: Canciones de mar y tierra (1930) y Escalas (1930), respectivamente. Ambas obras constituyen un importante testimonio que permite explorar y profundizar en la red transnacional de colaboración entre mujeres intelectuales creada a principios del siglo XX. En ese entramado tejido por mujeres, que hacía de puente entre las dos costas del Atlántico la sororidad adquirió una importancia capital desempeñando un papel clave en la consecución de la profesionalización que tanto ansiaban y que tan necesaria les era.
Mediatization of Artificial Intelligence Concept in the Russian Language Media Discourse: Corpus-Based Approach
Authors: Ilyinova Elena , Kochetova Larisa 
Published: December 2024

Based on corpus-assisted discourse analysis, the paper studies the mediatization of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the Russian-language media discourse as a construe technique that shapes AI perception and evaluation as a concept of new social reality. The paper reveals linguistic portraying of the AI concept in Russian digital media corpus, construed by business-oriented outlets Kommersant, Vedomosti, RBC, and popular media resources, such as Lenta.ru, Argumenty i Fakty, Komsomolskaya Pravda. Corpus-assisted discourse analysis comprises aims to extract the quantitative parameters of texts and establish their correlations with content parameters; define the themes of narratives about AI, which determine its discursive interpretation, and describe their distribution across the Russian-language news digital corpus; define discursive strategies used for designing the image of AI. The quantitative characteristics of the texts construing AI imagery in the corpus under study point to the prevalence of small and moderate size texts, which is explained by the pragmatics of informing a broad lay audience on advancement and development of AI without initiating any public discussions. The thematic distribution analysis showed domination of “Positive AI capabilities” and “AI development and Investments”, whereas “Impending danger” and “Negative AI capabilities” are covered infrequently. Argumentation in the explanatory and prognostic strategies introduces the topoi of inevitability, necessity, and rivalry in AI development. The explanatory strategy expands on the nature of AI, its functions and potential. The prognostic strategy delivers information on the development and advancement of AI technology, portraying efficiency scenarios, but only a tiny fraction of the texts warn about the negative consequences of AI. The novelty of the results lies in the establishment of contradictory mediatization of the AI concept, which, on the one hand, is aimed at depicting its positive portrayal and capability of bringing social and economic benefits. On the other hand, it contains a warning about its potential dangers and risks if the spheres of its application expand.
Two Pieces of Imperial Correspondence from the Collectio Thessalonicensis: Issues of Their Authenticity and Contents
Authors: Gratsianskiy Mikhail 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The Collectio Thessalonicensis is a collection of documents compiled in the 9th century, in which, in addition to papal letters to the bishops of Illyricum and to the Patriarchs of Constantinople, Proclus and Anatolius, two lengthy fragments have been preserved, representing a letter from the Western Emperor Honorius (395–423) to the Eastern Emperor Theodosius II (408–450) and the latter’s response. The correspondence apparently took place in 422 and is devoted to the privileges of the Roman see in Eastern Illyricum, which shortly before had become a prefecture of the Eastern Roman Empire with its capital at Thessalonica. The authenticity of these letters has long been rejected in the scholarly literature. As a consequence, the task of the article is to present the arguments of the old literature, provide new evidence of the authenticity of both fragments, and highlight the ecclesiastical-political and ecclesiastical-administrative situation that they reflect. Analysis. The arguments of J. Friedrich, Th. Mommsen, and E. Chrysos in favour of the forgery of these fragments are considered. These arguments range from complete denial to partial acceptance of their authenticity, with speculation about the motives for the falsification and the timing of its implementation. The author of the article points out the inconsistency of these arguments. The newest casual arguments of P. Riedlberger, which deny their authenticity, are also refuted. Based on ascertaining the authenticity of these documents, the author reconstructs the circumstances of the correspondence between the two emperors and the motives of both correspondents in recognising the authority of the Roman see in Eastern Illyricum. The text of the messages and their connections with other similar imperial documents are analysed, and the factor of influence on their composition of the ecclesiastical circles of the West and the East is determined. Results. Contrary to the old literature, the authenticity of fragments of correspondence between Honorius and Theodosius II on the issue of church and administrative affiliation of Eastern Illyricum has been put beyond doubt. The letters fit well into the context of other surviving imperial documents that did not have a legislative nature but related to issues of church policy and church governance. From them it is clear that church and administrative issues were entirely under the jurisdiction of the emperors: neither the Pope nor the Patriarch of Constantinople had the means to obtain jurisdiction in a particular region, bypassing the opinion of the emperors.
La evangelización en época colonial: una mirada antropológica a los primeros procedimientos misioneros de los jesuitas en Japón y China
Authors: Gómez-Pellón Eloy Gómez 
Published: December 2024

Este artículo problematiza los procedimientos misioneros empleados en Asia por la Compañía de Jesús en los siglos XVI y XVII, motivo de recias críticas en su tiempo por parte de las órdenes mendicantes. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en examinar, a la luz de los conocimientos antropológicos actuales, la singularidad de la estrategia evangelizadora de los jesuitas, basada en la inculturación, o, como ellos la denominaron, en la acomodación, o, también, en el modo soave, frente a la estrategia de los frailes mendicantes sustentada en la aculturación. Metodológicamente, se ha recurrido a distintas unidades de análisis: los actores individuales, las organizaciones intervinientes, los casos que protagonizaron, así como las acciones y las relaciones observables. El texto examina dos de los escenarios más significativos de la evangelización llevada a cabo por los jesuitas en Extremo Oriente: Japón y China. Al mismo tiempo, el artículo analiza las diferencias y las similitudes en la acción jesuítica en cada uno de estos lugares, producto de intervenciones cuidadosamente moduladas.