bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of pre-existing conditions and perceived health status on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Buneviciene Inesa , Bunevicius Romas , Bagdonas Sarunas , Bunevicius Adomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients with pre-existing conditions and poor health status are vulnerable for adverse health sequalae during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the association of pre-existing medical conditions and self-perceived health status with the risk of mental health complications during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
In October—December, 2020, 1036 respondents completed online survey that included assessment of pre-existing conditions, self-perceived health status, depressive (Patient Health Questionnaire-8 score ≥ 10), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7 score ≥ 10) and post-traumatic stress (Impact of Events Scale Revised) symptoms, alcohol use (AUDIT), and COVID-19 fear (COVID-19 Fears Questionnaires for Chronic Medical Conditions).

Results
Study participants were predominantly women (83%), younger than 61 years of age (94%). Thirty-six percent of respondents had a pre-existing condition and 5% considered their health status as bad or very bad. Pre-existing conditions and poor perceived health status were associated with increased risk for moderate to severe depressive and anxiety symptoms, fear of COVID-19 and post-traumatic stress symptoms, independently from respondents’ age, gender, living area, smoking status, exercise, alcohol consumption and diet.

Conclusions
Pre-existing medical conditions and poor perceived health status are associated with increased risk of poor mental health status during the COVID-19 pandemic.
TEVA UK LIMITED v GILEAD SCIENCES, INC
Authors:   Court of Appeal
Published: June 2021

Abstract
H1 Supplementary protection certificates – Anti-retroviral medication – Validity – Combination of active ingredients – Construction of art. 3(a) of the SPC Regulation – Whether product “protected by the basic patent in force” – Whether extent of protection the relevant test – Issue referred to Court of Justice – Interpretation and application of judgment of Court of Justice – Appeal to Court of Appeal
Phosphorus Supply Does Not Affect Fusarium Crown Rot of Winter Wheat
Authors: Hagerty C. H. , McLaughlin K. R. , Kroese D. R. , Lutcher L. K. 
Published: June 2021

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a major limitation to the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) industry in the inland Pacific Northwest, United States. Genetic resistance to FCR is poorly understood and major gene resistance is not available in adapted cultivars. Chemical control is ineffective and crop rotations, which disrupt cycles of the disease, are not feasible in the region’s precipitation-limited climate. Cultural control methods are the only realistic option for farmers who struggle to minimize the impact of this disease. It is well established that FCR is favored by moisture-limited environments and an oversupply of plant-available nitrogen in soil. Effects of the supply of phosphorus in soil have not been clearly delineated. We conducted a 2-year FCR experiment at two locations in the low-precipitation zone (<30 cm) of north-central Oregon. Phosphorus fertilizer was applied in-furrow with phosphorus (P) at rates of 0, 5, and 15 kg ha−1, to plots planted with either a hard red or soft white winter wheat cultivar. The P at 15 kg ha−1 application rate increased tissue phosphorus concentration, early-season dry matter, and phosphorus uptake at both locations and both years of this study. Phosphorus treatment had no effect on grain yield, protein, or test weight. Phosphorus had no effect on the severity of FCR. This research improved our knowledge of cultural management boundaries as they relate to the control of FCR. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A Moderate‐Fat Diet with Pistachios Lowers Small‐Dense LDL and Improves Markers of Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects with Moderately‐Elevated Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Holligan Simone , West Sheila G. , Gebauer Sarah K. , Kay Colin D. , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. 
Published: June 2021

We evaluated the dose‐response effects of pistachios over 4 weeks, on markers of insulin sensitivity in individuals (N=28) with moderately elevated LDL‐C (>; 110 mg/dl). Three test diets (SFA ≈ 8%; cholesterol < 300 mg/dl) were fed in this crossover study: control (25% total fat); 10% of energy from pistachios (1PD; 32–63 g; 30% total fat); or 20% of energy from pistachios (2PD; 63–126 g; 34% total fat). A Western run‐in diet (35% total fat, 11% SFA) was fed for 2 weeks; subjects had a mean BMI of 26.8 ± 0.7 kg/m2 and were weight stable while on the study. There was a significant diet effect on small‐dense LDL (sdLDL) levels (P = 0.001); sdLDL decreased on the 2PD versus the 1PD (P = 0.03) and the 2PD versus control (P = 0.001). There also was a significant diet effect for the TG/HDL‐C ratio (P = 0.041), with a significant reduction on the 2PD versus control (P = 0.036). Reductions in sdLDL levels were significantly correlated with reductions in TG levels (r = 0.424; P = 0.025); changes were calculated as the difference between baseline and post 2PD treatment. There were no significant diet effects for HDL‐C levels when comparing the pistachio diets to control, but there were trends for diet effects on increasing levels of functional α‐1 (P = 0.073) and α‐2 (P = 0.056) HDL particles. Pistachio inclusion in a moderate‐fat diet (≈ 35%) favorably affects insulin sensitivity and contributes to a beneficial cardio‐metabolic profile.Grant Funding Source: American Pistachio Growers
Efficacy of different schemes of supplementation with micronutrient powders on anemia and micronutrient status in infants
Authors: Zavaleta Nelly , Loza David , Egoavil Patricia , Sánchez Jorge , Mosqueira Roberto , Neufeld Lynnette 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of different dosing and duration schemes for micronutrient powders on anemia, and micronutrient status. We supplemented a group of 400 infants 6–11 months old, living in the northern highlands of Peru, with powder micronutrients containing iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C and folic acid. Children were randomly assigned to 4 supplementation groups: a) 6 months daily supplementation; b) 6 months intermittent; c) 12 months daily and; d) 12 months intermittent supplementation, supplements were provided monthly at the baby well visit. At entry and after supplementation scheme, hemoglobin and micronutrient status were measured. We found baseline anemia 73%, 71%, 73% and 76% respectively (p=0.885); at 6 months supplementation anemia was reduced to 40%, 40%, 34% and 52% respectively (p=0.086). Initial mean hemoglobin values were 116, 117, 117, and 115 g/L respectively. At 6 months mean hemoglobin values were 125, 123, 126 and 122 g/L. During the first 6 months of supplementation with micronutrient powders, the results suggest that all groups benefitted from supplementation, without large differences between them. After 6 months, the prevalence of anemia was still high. Supported by Micronutrient Initiative, Canada.
Neuroprotective Activity of Berberis aristata against 6‐OHDA Induced Parkinson's Disease Model
Authors: Magnnavar Chandrashekhar V , Panji Avinash S , Chinnam Sowmya 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTraditionally, the plant is used for various diseases, including neuronal disorders. To evaluate the neuroprotective activity of Berberis aristata DC.against 6‐OHDA Parkinson's disease in rat model.Materials and methodsParkinson's disease was induced by the striatal 6‐OHDA lesions. The behavioral assessments such as spontaneous locomotor activity, muscular coordination, and open field were studied along with antioxidant enzymatic and non‐enzymatic levels were estimated. Striatal infraction area, volume, estimation of Dopamine level was done by LC/MS/MS method. The histophathological studies were performed.ResultsThe Berberis aristata DC. methanol extract showed anti‐Parkinson's disease activity by increase in behavioural activity and muscular coordination, decrease in clockwise rotation and in biochemical estimation there was significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and total thiols levels in extract treated groups as compared to control group. Striatal infraction area and volume was significantly reduced in extract treated groups as compared to control group.ConclusionThe methanol extract of Berberis aristata DC.showed potent neuroprotective activity against 6‐OHDA induced Parkinson's disease in rat model.
Renal responses to short term non‐pressor AngII ± intrarenal RAS blockade in rats
Authors: Nguyen Mien Thi Xuan , Han Julie , McDonough Alicia A. 
Published: June 2021

Long term (14d) AngII infusion augments intrarenal AngII production and raises blood pressure; ACE inhibition (ACEi) blunts both responses. This study aimed to determine 1) the renal responses to a short term (3 d) non‐pressor dose of AngII and 2) whether the responses were blunted by ACEi treatment implicating local AngII production. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were infused via osmotic minipumps with either vehicle (control) or AngII (200 ng/kg/min) ± the ACEi enalapril (30 mg/kg/day in drinking water). There were no significant differences in body weight gain, overnight urine volume, or urinary Na and K excretion among the groups. Abundance of renal transporters was determined by quantitative immunoblot, and normalized to control values, defined as 1.0.

Control
AngII
AngII + enalapril

Cortex
NHE3 total
1.00 ± 0.05
1.51 ± 0.14*
1.37 ± 0.02*

NHE3‐P
1.00 ± 0.07
1.37 ± 0.09
1.45 ± 0.13*

NKCC total
1.00 ± 0.09
1.70 ± 0.23*
1.57 ± 0.11

NKCC‐P
1.00 ± 0.17
1.96 ± 0.20*
2.13 ± 0.17*

NCC total
1.00 ± 0.05
1.33 ± 0.08*
1.12 ± 0.03

NCCpS71
1.00 ± 0.07
1.29 ± 0.09*
1.01 ± 0.04

SPAK total
1.00 ± 0.19
2.71 ± 0.55*
2.87 ± 0.40*

Medulla
NKCC total
1.00 ± 0.04
0.70 ± 0.05*
0.75 ± 0.07*

NKCC‐P
1.00 ± 0.03
0.82 ± 0.11
1.22 ± 0.28

SPAK total
1.00 ± 0.02
0.99 ± 0.06
0.98 ± 0.03

p<0.05 vs. control.

Conclusion1) 3 d AngII infusion increases cortical NHE3, NKCC, NCC and SPAK while decreasing medullary NKCC abundance. 2) Blocking intrarenal RAS with enalapril blunted the effects of AngII infusion on NCC total, NCCp, and NKCC indicating these are early targets of intrarenal RAS stimulation and, thus, intrarenal ACE inhibition. NIH R01 DK 083785.
Localization and expression profile of activator of G‐protein signaling proteins in the kidney (690.6)
Authors: Lenarczyk Marek , Regner Kevin , Park Frank 
Published: June 2021

Activator of G‐protein signaling (AGS) are a family of accessory proteins that regulate heterotrimeric G‐protein function in a receptor‐independent mechanism. Recent studies in our lab have identified a crucial role for AGS3/GPSM1 in the recovery of the renal epithelial cells following acute kidney injury. Under normal conditions, AGS3/GPSM1 is exclusively expressed in the distal and collecting ducts. Following ischemia‐reperfusion injury, AGS3/GPSM1 is induced in the proximal tubules in the outer medulla, which is a highly sensitive site of injury due to ischemia. To determine whether other AGS proteins are expressed and may demonstrate biological activity during acute kidney injury, this study was designed to localize AGS proteins within the kidney using immunohistochemistry, and also determine the renal expression profile using quantitative RT‐PCR of all 13 known AGS proteins during quiescence and following an injury response. AGS1 was found to be predominantly localized to the proximal tubule in the renal cortex and outer medulla from mice, whereas AGS3, 5, and 8 were exclusively localized to the distal and collecting ducts in rat kidneys. In rat kidneys following ischemia‐reperfusion injury, AGS1 and AGS7 were both dramatically increased after 24 hours by 6‐7 fold, and slowly decreased towards normal (sham) levels at 72 and 168 hours after reperfusion. Messenger RNA levels of AGS4, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 were decreased by 40‐90% in the ischemia‐reperfusion injured kidneys compared to their sham (time‐control) kidneys at 24 hours, which tended to return towards normal (sham) levels by 168 hours after reperfusion. This study provides new information as to the site of synthesis of AGS protein, and could shed new light on their potential roles during normal and pathologic conditions in the kidney.Grant Funding Source: Supported by National Institutes of Health
Functional connectivity between Bötzinger complex glycinergic neurons and parafacial late‐expiratory neurons for expiratory and sympathetic control (712.17)
Authors: Moraes David , Abdala Ana , Machado Benedito , Paton Julian 
Published: June 2021

Our computational model predicts that post‐inspiratory (post‐I) neurons expressing the glycine transporter 2 (GLYT2) located in the Bötzinger Complex (BötC) suppress generation of abdominal and sympathetic late‐expiratory (late‐E) activities in eucapnia. Hypercapnia allows parafacial late‐E neurons to escape this inhibition. To test functional connectivity between glycinergic BötC and late‐E neurons, we used cell‐type specific viral vector expression of channelrhodopsin (ChETA) or hallorhodopsin (eNpHR3.0) to excite/inhibit GLTY2 neurons in the BötC of rats. Intracellular recordings of parafacial late‐E neurons (n=9) confirmed that inhibition during post‐I prevents generation of late‐E activity under eucapnia. eNpHR3.0‐mediated inhibition of GLYT2 neurons in the BötC evoked abdominal and sympathetic late‐E activities and increased arterial pressure (n=4).In contrast, ChETA‐mediated excitation of GLYT2 neurons in the BötC abolished the CO2‐induced abdominal and sympathetic late‐E activities (n=4), due to inhibition of parafacial late‐E neurons (n=3). These results indicate an emergence of parafacial late‐E activity with hypercapnia which is normally suppressed by BötC glycinergic neurons.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH R01 NS069220 and FAPESP
Consumption of almonds is associated with increased nutrient intake, better diet quality, and better physiological status in adult participants (19+ y) from the NHANES (2001‐2010) (810.17)
Authors: Papanikolaou Yanni , O’Neil Carol , Nicklas Theresa , Fulgoni Victor 
Published: June 2021

The association of almond consumption with nutrient intake, dietary quality, and physiological parameters was examined in adults 19+ yrs (n=24,808) using NHANES (2001‐2010). Consumers (n=395) were defined as those who had any amount of almonds/almond butter during the first 24‐hr diet recall. ANOVA (covariate adjusted) were conducted using appropriate sample weights. Diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (HEI). Energy intake (2287±52 v 2176±9 kcal/d) was higher (p<0.05) in consumers than in non‐consumers. Protein (91±1.7 v 83±0.3 g/d), dietary fiber (22.1±0.7 v 15.9±0.1 g/d), PUFA (20.8±0.9 v 17.4±0.1 g/d), MUFA (35.1±0.6 v 30.2±0.1 g/d), vitamin A (740±36 v 620±7 RAE mcg/d), vitamin E (15.6±0.7 v 7.3±0.1 mg AT/d), magnesium (406±11 v 291±2 mg/d), potassium (3118±73 v 2719±12 mg/d), and iron (17.1±0.6 v 15.6±0.1 mg/d) intake was higher in consumers while SFA (22.4±0.7 v 26.6±0.1 g/d) and added sugars (14.5±0.8 v 19.2±0.2 tsp/d) were lower. Consumers had higher HEI scores (62.5±0.9 v 46.6±0.2). BMI (27.1±0.3 v 28.5±0.1), waist circumference (94.1±0.9 v 97.5±0.2 cm), and LDL (110±2.9 v 117±0.5 mg/dl) were lower in consumers. Consumers were 27% less likely to be overweight or obese, had a 35% reduced risk of increased waist size and were 44% less likely to have elevated LDL. Almond consumption was associated with better nutrient intake, diet quality, and physiological parameters in adults.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Almond Board of California and USDA
Implications of virtual reality technology in nutrition intervention (811.28)
Authors: Meng Yu , Wong Siew Sun 
Published: June 2021

This era is rich in digital information. Health‐related communications and information acquisition among the younger generation increasingly involve social media, mobile technology, intelligent sensing, and immersive technology. Community‐based interventions are also exploring the use of technology. Virtual reality (VR) technology has been used in social and behavioral research in many domains. It showed potentials in supporting positive behavioral changes. This article reviews 5 published literatures featuring nutrition education interventions in VR to promote healthy eating among adults and youth. Despite limited interventions, some showed positive outcomes. In 2 of the studies, VR‐enhanced devices were effective in improving adult participants’ adherence to weight loss behaviors, and decreased social bias in self‐reporting diet records. However, the effectiveness of VR in 1 of weight management studies was inconsistent probably due to lack of supporting theories, less well‐constructed study designs, and/or negative aspects, such as motion sickness, in virtual learning environments. In addition to health promotion, weight management, and weight loss, research is needed to evaluate VR effectiveness in obesity prevention. It is recommended that future trials use randomized control trials with larger sample population over a longer period of intervention.Grant Funding Source: PacificSource Healthcare
Almond supplementation without dietary advice significantly reduces C‐reactive protein in subjects with poorly‐controlled type 2 diabetes (830.24)
Authors: Sweazea Karen , Johnston Carol , Ricklefs Kristin , Petersen Katherine , Alanbagy Samer 
Published: June 2021

The national cost of diabetes exceeds $174 billion annually in the United States. Heart disease and stroke are the primary causes of morbidity and mortality among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective of this 12‐week randomized, parallel‐arm controlled study was to determine if almond supplementation (1.5 oz/d) to a routine diet would improve diabetic and cardiovascular risk markers in subjects with T2D who are not currently taking insulin (n=11) compared to matched controls with T2D (n=10). Inclusion criteria stipulated that subjects have poorly‐controlled diabetes as characterized by HbA1c values between 6.5‐9.0%. While the results showed no significant difference in nutrient intake of subjects in the two groups, those in the almond‐treated group tended to consume fewer carbohydrates (p=0.073). There were no significant differences in plasma markers of glucose regulation or oxidative stress between subjects in the two groups, whereas the inflammatory biomarker C‐reactive protein (CRP) was significantly reduced in subjects who consumed almonds (‐1.2% vs. 4.33%, p=0.029). Therefore, daily almond consumption in the absence of other dietary or physical activity modifications is beneficial for reducing inflammation in subjects with poorly‐controlled T2D.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Almond Board of California.
The 4F peptide significantly decreases intestinal oxidized fatty acids (835.1)
Authors: Dadgostar Amir , Vazirian Samra , Farah Kassra , Faraz Marya 
Published: June 2021

Background: We recently reported that the intestine maybe a major site of action for the peptide regardless of the route of administration. In the present study we sought to examine this hypothesis .Methods: LDLR null mice (6 ‐ 7 months old) were fed a Western Diet (WD) and were given drinking water with or without D‐4F at a concentration of 50 υg/mL. After 2 weeks the mice were anesthetized and perfused for 10 min through the left ventricle with ice cold saline containing 2mM EDTA and 20 μM BHT to wash the organs free of blood. The intestinal lumen was thoroughly washed with the perfusion solution and enterocytes were isolated and disrupted in the presence of potent antioxidants and protease inhibitors. Lipids were extracted and determined by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Results: D‐4F significantly reduced the enterocyte content of 5‐HETE, 12‐HETE, 15‐HETE, 9‐HODE, and 13‐HODE (p = 0.015; p = 0.014; p = 0.015; p = 0.034; p = 0.024, respectively). D‐4F also reduced the fecal content of 5‐HETE, 12‐HETE, 15‐HETE, 9‐HODE, and 13‐HODE (p = 0.014; p = 0.044; p = 0.051; p = 0.031; p = 0.034, respectively). Conclusion: 4F significantly reduces intestinal oxidized fatty acids consistent with the hypothesis that the intestine is a major site of action for the peptide.Grant Funding Source: NIH
Aerobic exercise in pregnant Latina women: effect on metabolic and body composition outcomes. A randomized clinical trial (886.6)
Authors: Ramirez Velez Robinson 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE: A prospective randomized controlled trial was designed to assess the benefits of aerobic exercise during pregnancy, using a fitness regimen based on the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans for exercise during pregnancy.METHODS: The study included Sixty‐seven nulliparous in gestational week 16‐20. The experimental group completed a 3‐month supervised exercise program, commencing at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation. Each session included walking(10‐min), aerobic exercise(30‐min) and stretching(10‐min). The control group continued usual activities and performed no specific exercise. The primary outcomes were changes on blood lipids, insulin sensitivity(HOMA‐IR) and body composition(body fat/skinfold thicknesses).RESULTS: At the end of the 3‐month program, there was no difference in the change in blood lipids: total cholesterol ‐6 mg/dL, LDL ‐8 mg/dL, glucose 0.3 mg/dL, insulin ‐2 mU/L and HOMA‐IR ‐0.9. Triglycerides and VLDL were significantly lower in the experimental group by ‐28 mg/mL and ‐6 mg/dL, respectively, P<0.05. The experimental group showed lower values of body fat and skinfold thicknesses than did the control group, but these differentials were non‐significant.CONCLUSION: The potential public health benefits of exercise are too great and this study supports existing guidelines indicating that Latina women may begin or maintain an exercise program during pregnancy.
Novel bitter taste receptor ligands elicit G protein‐dependent negative inotropic effects in mouse heart (LB572)
Authors: Foster Simon , Blank Kristina , See Hoe Louise , Behrens Maik , Meyerhof Wolfgang , Peart Jason , Thomas Walter 
Published: June 2021

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key mediators in cardiovascular physiology, yet frontline therapies for heart disease only target a small fraction of the cardiac GPCR repertoire. Moreover, there is emerging evidence that GPCRs implicated in taste (TIR and T2Rs) have specific functions beyond the oral cavity. Our recent description of these receptors in heart foreshadows a novel role for previously unappreciated cardiac GPCRs. Here, we sought to identify novel ligands for cardiac‐T2Rs and investigate their effects on murine cardiac function ex vivo. Five T2Rs cloned from rat heart, were screened against a panel of 102 natural or synthetic bitter chemicals in a heterologous expression system. After validating putative T2R ligands for receptor and concentration‐dependence, three novel ligands for T2R108, T2R137 and T2R143 were then tested in Langendorff perfused mouse hearts (isolated from 8 week old male C57BL/6 mice). All T2R ligands tested exhibited concentration‐dependent effects on cardiac function. Furthermore, the biphasic change of aortic pressure with sodium benzoate and the ~40% sodium thiocyanate‐mediated decrease in left ventricular developed pressure were both abrogated in the presence of Gαi and Gβγ inhibitors (pertussis toxin, 100 µg/kg i.p. 24 hr prior to isolation and gallein, 10 µM infusion, respectively). This study represents the first demonstration of profound T2R ligand‐induced, G protein‐dependent effects on mouse heart function. Future work will focus on the delineation of specific receptor‐dependent responses of these ligands.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (1024726) and the National Heart Foundation of Australia (G‐12B‐6532)