bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JOINT STATEMENT ON NEONATAL SCREENING FOR HEARING IMPAIRMENT
Authors:   Committee on Fetus and Newborn
Published: December 2021

The following joint statement has been approved by the Committee on Fetus and Newborn and the Executive Board of the Academy:
A common concern with the current status of screening procedures for hearing impairment among newborn infants has led to the formation of a joint committee comprising representatives of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Speech and Hearing Association. After due consideration of infant hearing screening, this joint committee developed the following statement, which has been endorsed by all three societies represented on the Committee.
In recognition of the need to identify hearing impairment as early in life as possible, auditory screening programs have been implemented in newborn nurseries throughout the country. Review of data from the limited number of controlled studies which have been reported to date has convinced us that results of mass screening programs are inconsistent and misleading.
To determine whether mass screening programs for newborn infants should indeed be instituted, intensive study of a number of variables is essential. These should include stimuli, response patterns, environmental factors, status at the time of testing, and behavior of observers. Furthermore, confirmation of results obtained in the nursery must await data derived from extended follow-up studies which involve quantitative assessment of hearing status.
In view of the above considerations and despite our recognition of the urgent need for early detection of hearing impairment, we urge increased research efforts, but cannot recommend routine screening of newborn infants for hearing impairment.
GROWTH HORMONE IN NEWBORN INFANTS DURING SLEEP-WAKE PERIODS
Authors: Shaywitz Bennett A. , Finkelstein Jordon , Hellman Leon , Weitzman Elliot D. 
Published: December 2021

Normal full-term newborn infants have been studied during a 3-hour period in which EEG, EMG, EKG and eye movements were recorded. Plasma HGH samples were obtained every 20 to 30 minutes in some infants by indwelling venous catheter, but in most by heel stick. Five infants of 2 days of age and eight infants between 4 and 8 days of age were studied.
In the 2-day-old group studied findings for the average plasma HCH in mµg/ml (mean ± S.E.) following at least 5 minutes of sleep (active and quiet) were 33.4 ± 7, 52.8 ± 11, and 43.5 ± 36 following 5 minutes of waking. Comparable values for the 4-to 8-day-old group were 9.1 ± 1.1, 9.5 ± 1.3, and 8.3 ± 1.2. Wide variation in individual samples was found for the 2-day-old's (3 to 150 µg/ml) while this was less so for the older groups (0 to 20.2 mµg/ml). However, only three samples out of a total of 95 had values less than 1 mµg/ml. It thus appears that no clear correlation between plasma HGH levels and sleep-wake cycles was evident in these infants. It is likely that as with other biologic rhythms, HGH rhythmicity develops at a later stage of cerebral maturation.
JONATHAN SWIFT IN 1729 MENTIONS THE WEIGHT OF AN INFANT AT BIRTH AND AT A YEAR OF AGE
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

I believe the first mention in English of the weight of an infant at birth and at a year of age is found in Jonathan Swift's (1667-1745) biting satire A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from being a Burden to their Parents or the Country (1729).
Swift wrote:
I have reckoned upon a medium that a child just born will weigh 12 pounds, and in a solar year, if tolerably nursed, will increase to 28 pounds.1
How did Swift arrive at such an erroneously high figure for the birth weight of the new-born infant? A natural assumption might be that he made it up by pairing Hibernian hyperbole with literary license. But I am convinced this is not so because in Marsh's Library, attached to St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin, where Swift actually wrote many of his satires, including his Modest Proposal, he had access to and read carefully the fourth edition (1694) of Mauriceau's (1637-1709) Traité des Maladies des Femmes Grosses. Swift's penned marginalia in Mauriceau's text convince me that this book was the source of the erroneous birthweight mentioned in the above quotation. Mauriceau claimed that an infant weighed about 12 pounds at birth.2 Swift had every reason to accept this statistic because it came from a text written by the foremost obstetrician of the time.
Iron Fortified Formulas (Continued)*
Authors: Haddock Samuel T. , Harvey Norman A. 
Published: December 2021

I had the feeling of anger and discouragement after reading the Supplement to the Newsletter of the American Academy of Pediatrics for December 15, 1970, in which the committee chaired by Dr. Lloyd J. Filer, Jr., recommended formula with iron supplement for the first 12 months of life. After reading the comments of the group, one could only wonder if Dr. Filer had worked for a milk company sometime during his pediatric career.
A few weeks later, this fear was suddenly reinforced as the representatives of several milk companies brought forth copies of the Newsletter recommending milk the first 12 months of life.
Black Tongue Moniliasis (Continued)
Authors: Dolsky Richard L. , Wolf I. J. 
Published: December 2021

Under the title of "Black Tongue Moniliasis,"1 a letter was published in the December 1970 issue of Pediatrics.
The author based his diagnosis in this 5-year-old Negro boy by culturing Candida albicans from the tongue. However, culture of this organism from the oral cavity is not sufficient to warrant a diagnosis of candidiasis. Cultures obtained from the oral cavities of a normal population have been positive for Candida in 20 to 50%.2 The laboratory criterion for establishing Canada as a pathogen rather than as a saprophyte in the oral cavity is the demonstration of the mycelial and yeast forms on a direct smear mounted in 10% potassium hydroxide and not by culture.3
Letterer-Siwe's Disease (Acute Disseminated Histiocytosis X), Disseminated I-V Coagulation, and Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Moe Peter Johan , Mauger David C. 
Published: December 2021

Will you please permit a short comment on the article: "Letterer-Siwe's Disease (Acute Disseminated Histiocytosis X). A Case Complicated by Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Responding to Heparin Therapy" by Dr. Mauger?1
In this article David C. Mauger gives an interesting presentation of a 17-month-old female with Letterer-Siwe's disease with skin hemorrhage and thrombocytopenia in conjunction with disseminated intravascular coagulation. It is stated in the article that disseminated intravascular coagulation has not been described in Letterer-Siwe's disease.
Mood-Altering Drugs (Continued)
Authors: Turner E. J. , Arnold L. Eugene 
Published: December 2021

I read with great interest the letter by Dr. Ralph Olsen on "Pediatric Practice: Whose Mood Are We Altering?" in Pediatrics (47: 961, 1971).
Like Dr. Olsen, I too get quite a number of calls about children who are not sitting still in school, who are disturbing other children, or are not behaving according to the norm which the teacher considers to be normal for that particular child.
With the free availability of neurological consultation and brain tracings and with a population who seem to have acquired quite large but superficial medical knowledge, most of my parents do not seem to accept my statement that the child is neurologically intact.
Decline in Serum Bilirubin Concentration Coincident with Clinical Onset of Kernicterus
Authors: Ackerman Bruce D. , Dyer Geraldine Y. , Taylor Paul M. 
Published: December 2021

A decline in serum bilirubin level, coincident with the onset of clinical signs, occurred in 4 of 13 infants with kernicterus. Such a decline in bilirubin level carries a poor prognosis, but occurs too late to be clinically valuable as an indication for exchange transfusion.
Sources of patient material were: University of California, Irvine, College of Medicine, Pediatric department: Los Angeles County General Hospital, White Memorial Hospital, Los Angeles, Orange County Medical Center, Orange, California; and University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pediatric department: Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
The Psychiatric Disorders of Childhood, ed. 2, by Charles R. Shaw, M.D. and Alexander R. Lucas, M.D. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Educational Division/Meredith Corporation, 1970, 499 pp., $12.00
Authors: Aug Robert G. 
Published: December 2021

This is an excellent basic textboook of child psychiatry; written primarily for the child psychiatrist, it has much to offer the practicing pediatrician, primarily because it brings its rich array of information into a practical clinical framework. The book's strong point is its success at pulling together, into a unified framework, data from multiple different points of view. Its main weak point is its less-than-ideal updating from the First Edition (1966).
The book consists of five sections.
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: Evolution of the Phenotype
Authors: Passarge Eberhard , Mecke Sigrun , Altrogge Hans C. 
Published: December 2021

A recent report described the difficulties inherent in diagnosing the Cornelia de Lange (CdL) syndrome at birth.1 The authors observed a child who at the age of 9 months was thought to have the Turner syndrome, but instead developed the well-known features of the CdL syndrome within the following year.
This paper documents our experience with a young child over a period of 2 years. Initially, at the age of 8 and 11 months, she showed some features of the cri du chat syndrome, but by the age of 21 months she had developed the classical phenotype of having the CdL syndrome.
Clinical Data
Successful Treatment of Multiple Pulmonary Infarctions in Childhood
Authors: Karlin Joel M. , Hilgartner Margaret 
Published: December 2021

Pulmonary thromboembolic disease in childhood had previously been a postmortem diagnosis occurring in association with congenital heart disease, sickle cell anemia, infection, and foreign bodies. This paper is the first report of multiple sterile pulmonary infarctions in a child successfully treated with anticoagulation therapy.
Case Report
D. P., a 6-year-old Caucasian male, was admitted to the New York Hospital with fever and cough of 7 days duration unresponsive to oral antibiotic therapy. He had initially presented here at age 7 weeks in congestive heart failure with a large left-to-right shunt at the ventricular level demonstrated by cardiac catheterization and angiography.
Steam Vaporizers—Therapy or Tragedy?
Authors: Barich Donald P. 
Published: December 2021

Recent experience working with a burn service, developed in a large metropolitan community where no other organized unit was available, has focused our attention on factors responsible for burns in children. In a 5-month period 23 children were admitted to the hospital for treatment. Two of these were unusual because of their relationship to the use of steam vaporizers. In that the subject of steam vaporizer burns has not been discussed specifically in the American literature, the present report was prepared to alert members of the medical community to this potentially avoidable tragedy.
Case Reports
Case 1: A. S. was a 7-month-old Caucasian boy who, 2 days prior to admission, was noted to have upper respiratory symptoms.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Diamond E. F. 
Published: December 2021

This letter was referred to the Academy's Joint Committee on Physical Fitness, Recreation, and Sports Medicine, whose Chairman answered it as follows:
Football is a collision sport which involves the risk of injury. The degree of risk is usually related to the conditions under which practice and play are conducted and the quality of supervision affecting the participants. Unless a school or community can provide exemplary supervision-medical and educational-it should not undertake a program of collision sports at the preadolescent level.
Prognosis with X-Chromosomal Abnormalities: Neoplastic Disease
Authors: Bartuska Doris , Vardaro Linda 
Published: December 2021

The report of Eller, et al. on the prognosis in newborn infants with X-chromosomal abnormalities prompts this note.
Because of our interest in cytogenetic factors in carcinogenesis, a routine buccal smear for sex chromatin is performed on all our patients with amenorrhea or irregular vaginal bleeding.
Recently a 26-year-old woman with dysmenorrhea and irregular periods was seen. She had a mass arising from the cervix which was subsequently diagnosed as an unusual exophytic type of squamous cell carcinoma.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Robinson Arthur 
Published: December 2021

The comments of Drs. Bartuska and Vardaro are of great interest and importance. We hope, of course, to follow our patients long enough to make observations on the occurrence of neoplasia in them.
If, as we suspect, virus infection and x-ray exposure are factors in the production of non-disjunction, they might represent the link with some predisposition to neoplasia.
Recent suggestions that exposure of female fetuses to stilbestrol may predispose them some 20 years later to genital carcinoma make even more pressing our plans to study sex hormone metabolism in newborn infants with a 47,XXX karyotype.
REMARKABLE APPEARANCE OF THE WORDS "NAPOLEON EMPEREUR" IN THE EYES OF A CHILD
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

The first volume of the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal (1828) contained the following notation, abstracted from an English medical journal.
Remarkable Appearance in the Eyes of a Child
One of the leading wonders of the day in the French capital, to which the seekers of the extraordinary have been lately attracted, has been an infant of three years of age, who was said to have the words NAPOLEON EMPEREUR very clearly marked in her eyes. Unwilling to allow this lusus to escape us, we took advantage of an opportunity afforded by the kindness of Mr. Guthrie of judging for ourselves. We confess we were before a little skeptical upon this subject. The fact is simply this: The child has light blue eyes, the irides being very strongly striated with irregular white lines which have been thought to constitute the above ominous words. In our opinion, it would require a very poetical vision, and a great deal of imagination to discover them. Some of the lines certainly resemble letters; we endeavored in vain to make out any distinct words. It is true we had no magnifying glass at hand which the mother assured us was necessary to make the letters clearly perceptible.
The French police have taken alarm and deemed it prudent to deprive the friends of various certificates which they had obtained from different persons, asserting that they could with facility decipher the much dreaded name. We remember that some years ago, the name of Napoleon was said to have been detected upon a hen egg, in good round German text.
INFANCY CELIAC DISEASE WITHOUT DIARRHEA
Authors: McNicholl Brian , Egan-Mitchell Bridget 
Published: December 2021

Three infants presented at about 1 year of age with failure to thrive, anorexia, vomiting, varying degrees of constipation, but no diarrhea. They were found to have severe mucosal atrophy characteristic of celiac disease. Each infant had fecal retention on admission, none had steatorrhea, and they all thrived well on gluten-free, milk-containing diets. Other investigations, including sugar tolerance tests, mucosal lactase, and dipeptidases were confirmatory.
High IgA levels were found in each infant and low IgM in one. Although occurrence of celiac disease without diarrhea or steatorrhea is recognized in older children and adults, it must also be considered as a cause of failure to thrive in infants without these symptoms, particularly when other causes cannot be found.
Absent IgA Associated with Normal Chromosomes
Authors: Choi Yu Chien , Dallarie Louis , Eisen A. H. 
Published: December 2021

The Norwegian population register and the closely-knit Norwegian medical community have been utilized in the past to conduct several detailed evaluations of specific disease entities. Dr. Tobias Gedde-Dahl, Jr. has utilized these same facilities to produce this extensive review of epidermolysis bullosa. The volume contains a wealth of data and a complete bibliography concerning the several entities which have as their common attributes cutaneous bulla formation and evidence of genetic transmission.
The book is written in a thesis-type format with extensive documentation and much detail.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Marks Herman B. 
Published: December 2021

I accept your invitation to comment on the letter of Dr. Ralph Olsen on "Pediatric Practice: "Whose Mood Are We Altering?" in Pediatrics1 and the responses of Dr. Turner2 and Dr. Arnold3 in Pediatrics.
Certainly, in any large group of school children, one can find a significant number of children, mostly boys, who are extremely active and who have all the associated findings of the "hyperkinetic syndrome" or the "minimal cerebral dysfunction syndrome"-the short attention span, the poor capacity to concentrate, the poorly controlled impulsivity, and so forth.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Nathenson Gerald 
Published: December 2021

We agree with Dr. Rosen that bilirubin binding should be studied in newborn infants receiving parenteral diazepain. Our laboratory will be looking into this, shortly.
Nevertheless, we can reassure Dr. Rosen that the hazard of bilirubin encephalopathy in infants undergoing narcotic withdrawal, treated with diazepam, is very remote. We say this because recent work from our laboratory on bilirubin metabolism in these infants has shown a striking lack of jaundice in this group, related to induction of bilirubin glucuronyl transferase by narcotic drugs.
IN UTERO DETECTION OF FAMILIAL METABOLIC DISORDERS
Authors: Nadler Henry L. 
Published: December 2021

Diagnostic amniocentesis for the prenatal detection of genetic disorders has been shown to be useful to the physician in monitoring high risk pregnancies.1 The paper by Schneck, et al.2 in this issue of Pediatrics demonstrates not only the effective use of this technique for clinical management of the high-risk patient but documents its potential value for the study of the early stages of human metabolic disease.
The presence of biochemical and structural alterations in cells and organs of fetuses affected with inborn errors of metabolism appears to be a common finding. Early gestational manifestations arising from the basic genetic defect have been found in Tay-Sachs disease,2-4 Niemann-Pick disease,5 Gaucher's disease,6 Pompe's disease,7 and Krabbe's disease.8
THE MEDICAL EVALUATION OF CHILDREN WITH READING PROBLEMS (DYSLEXIA)
Authors: Kenny Thomas J. , Clemmens Raymond L. , Cicci Regina , Lentz George A. , Nair Prasanna , Hudson Barbara W. 
Published: December 2021

Data are presented on 92 children, ages 6 years through 12 years, referred to a diagnostic and evaluation clinic because of reading problems. All the children had IQ's of 80 or above. Results of the medical evaluation, which consisted of the history, neurological examination and electroencephalogram, failed to reveal any statistical relationship to suggest a diagnostic pattern. That the majority of the children had no more than one positive finding indicates the limited effectiveness of the medical evaluation.
See table in the PDF file
Treatment recommendations emanating from the evaluation were primarily educational, emphasizing that reading problems are pedagogic problems with the medical evaluation playing a minimal part in their diagnosis or treatment.
Utilization of Allied Health Workers: Does It Solve the Basic Problem?
Authors: Crook William G. 
Published: December 2021

American physicians seem unable to meet the health care demands of all American children. As one solution, Dr. Martin Baren1 would have nonphysicians deal with some of the sick children, while pediatricians supervise development, give guidance, handle school problems, and so on.
My associates and I suggested (in an exhibit at the Academy's meeting in April, 19712) that with appropriate space, supporting personnel, systems, and management, a pediatrician can double his productivity and improve the quality of care he gives.
Procaineamide in Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Fareau Gerard 
Published: December 2021

I would like to call your attention to some errors in the article by Doctors Gelband, Steeg, and Bigger.1
1. In Figure 1, the electrocardiogram shows a rate of 300 per minute rather than 150. The length of the QRS complex varies between 0.04 seconds and 0.08 seconds. This clearly is not representative of ventricular tachycardia.
2. For the sake of clarity the third sentence in the caption of Figure 1 should read, "The second complex in Lead V5 is a fusion beat and shows partial atrial capture of the ventricles."
Insect Allergy: Allergic and Toxic Reactions to Insects and Other Arthropods, by Claude Albee Frazier, M.D. St. Louis: Warren H. Green, Inc., 1969, 493 pp., $24.00
Authors: Mueller Harry Louis 
Published: December 2021

The Author has assembled a great deal of detailed information about some of the anthropoda and their involvement in human pathology. The book is organized into 10 chapters, five of which cover those orders of the class insecta known to produce allergic reactions by bites or stings; but much of the subject matter concerns other types of insect pathology in man as well.
There is much repetition in the text and surprisingly, repetition of illustrations also. As an example of the latter, "infected chigger bites on the ankle" found on pages 225 and 451.
HEXACHLOROPHENE
Authors: James L. Stanley 
Published: December 2021

Yet another chemical widely used by the population has been discovered to be potentially dangerous. Hexachlorophene was first synthesized in 1939 and found to have both bactericidal and fungicidal properties, but its toxicity has only been appreciated in the last few years. Probably the most alarming aspects are that the chemical is not only neurotoxic but is also readily absorbed from the skin.
Although muscle twitching and coma were observed 3 years ago in burn patients treated with hexachlorophene, these observations were not actually responsible for the recent toxicity studies which have focused attention on this subject and raised many important questions.
INDICES OF THE CHILD'S EARLIEST ATTACHMENT TO HIS MOTHER, APPLICABLE IN ROUTINE PEDIATRIC EXAMINATION
Authors: Parens Henri 
Published: December 2021

Knowledge about the psychological aspects of early child development is now a regular component of basic clinical knowledge for pediatricians. In the past 25 years this newer knowledge has become documented, refined, and translated into every-day pediatric competence. The practicing pediatrician and his academic colleagues will be as deficient without this understanding as applied in clinical care as if they were deficient in up-to-date knowledge about immunizations, adequate nutrition, or the recognition and care for the common infections and infectious diseases of childhood. Children do not grow out of developmental deviations any more than they grow out of the need for adequate nutrition. This note is a reminder, not only of all the competent care pediatricians provide, but of the risk they take for their patients when they are ambiguous or less than rigorous about the earliest signs of maternal deprivation or other causes of developmental deviation in the first year of life.
Five years after a first adoption, a middle class couple privately adopted Fay at the age of 1 month. Within weeks, the natural mother sued for the return of her child, and the case remained in litigation from within the second month of Fay's life to 16 months of age, when the court legalized the adoption.
Mrs. G., the adopting mother, cared for her child's physical and physiological needs well. However, during this entire 15 months, because she feared she might lose Fay at any point, Mrs. G. took particular pains to limit the amount of emotional contact she, her husband, and their adopted son had with Fay.