bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf herbivory counteracts nematode-triggered repression of jasmonate-related defenses in tomato roots
Authors: Martínez-Medina Ainhoa , Mbaluto Crispus M , Maedicke Anne , Weinhold Alexander , Vergara Fredd , van Dam Nicole M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Shoot herbivores may influence the communities of herbivores associated with the roots via inducible defenses. However, the molecular mechanisms and hormonal signaling underpinning the systemic impact of leaf herbivory on root-induced responses against nematodes remain poorly understood. By using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as a model plant, we explored the impact of leaf herbivory by Manduca sexta on the performance of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. By performing glasshouse bioassays, we found that leaf herbivory reduced M. incognita performance in the roots. By analyzing the root expression profile of a set of oxylipin-related marker genes and jasmonate root content, we show that leaf herbivory systemically activates the 13-Lipoxigenase (LOX) and 9-LOX branches of the oxylipin pathway in roots and counteracts the M. incognita-triggered repression of the 13-LOX branch. By using untargeted metabolomics, we also found that leaf herbivory counteracts the M. incognita-mediated repression of putative root chemical defenses. To explore the signaling involved in this shoot-to-root interaction, we performed glasshouse bioassays with grafted plants compromised in jasmonate synthesis or perception, specifically in their shoots. We demonstrated the importance of an intact shoot jasmonate perception, whereas having an intact jasmonate biosynthesis pathway was not essential for this shoot-to-root interaction. Our results highlight the impact of leaf herbivory on the ability of M. incognita to manipulate root defenses and point to an important role for the jasmonate signaling pathway in shoot-to-root signaling.
Qing‐Fei‐Pai‐Du decoction and wogonoside exert anti‐inflammatory action through down‐regulating USP14 to promote the degradation of activating transcription factor 2
Authors: Xu Xin , Xia Jun , Zhao Shiyi , Wang Qun , Ge Guangbo , Xu Feng , Liu Xia , Zhang Weidong , Yang Yili 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 is often characterized by dysregulated inflammatory and immune responses. It has been shown that the Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation Qing‐Fei‐Pai‐Du decoction (QFPDD) is effective in the treatment of the disease, especially for patients in the early stage. Our network pharmacology analyses indicated that many inflammation and immune‐related molecules were the targets of the active components of QFPDD, which propelled us to examine the effects of the decoction on inflammation. We found in the present study that QFPDD effectively alleviated dextran sulfate sodium‐induced intestinal inflammation in mice. It inhibited the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and TNFα, and promoted the expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 by macrophagic cells. Further investigations found that QFPDD and one of its active components wogonoside markedly reduced LPS‐stimulated phosphorylation of transcription factor ATF2, an important regulator of multiple cytokines expression. Our data revealed that both QFPDD and wogonoside decreased the half‐life of ATF2 and promoted its proteasomal degradation. Of note, QFPDD and wogonoside down‐regulated deubiquitinating enzyme USP14 along with inducing ATF2 degradation. Inhibition of USP14 with the small molecular inhibitor IU1 also led to the decrease of ATF2 in the cells, indicating that QFPDD and wogonoside may act through regulating USP14 to promote ATF2 degradation. To further assess the importance of ubiquitination in regulating ATF2, we generated mice that were intestinal‐specific KLHL5 deficiency, a CUL3‐interacting protein participating in substrate recognition of E3s. In these mice, QFPDD mitigated inflammatory reaction in the spleen, but not intestinal inflammation, suggesting CUL3‐KLHL5 may function as an E3 for ATF2 degradation.
Rising Trends in the Incidence of Shoulder Dystocia and Development of a Novel Shoulder Dystocia Risk Score Tool: A Nationwide Population-Based Study of 800,484 Finnish Deliveries
Authors: Heinonen Karin , Saisto Terhi , Gissler Mika , Kaijomaa Marja , Sarvilinna Nanna 
Published: August 2021

(Abstracted from Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021;100:538–547)
Shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable, obstetric emergency. Its incidence has been reported to range from 0.1% up to 3.0%.
Exome Sequencing Analysis on Products of Conception: A Cohort Study to Evaluate Clinical Utility and Genetic Etiology for Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Zhao Chen , Chai Hongyan , Zhou Qinghua , Wen Jiadi , Reddy Uma M. , Kastury Rama , Jiang Yonghui , Mak Winifred , Bale Allen E. , Zhang Hui , Li Peining 
Published: August 2021

(Abstracted from Genet Med 2021;2:435–442)
Genetic variants are known to cause pregnancy loss. New data from exome sequencing studies have reported that exome sequencing may be a useful tool in identifying causes of pregnancy loss.
Primary Cutaneous Gamma-Delta T-Cell Lymphoma Mimicking anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Meawad Hany , Song Joo Y. , Ulrickson Matthew L. , Weisenburger Dennis D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma is a rare and aggressive neoplasm, representing less than 1% of all cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. In this article, we report the case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with a history of generalized skin rash and a recent mass on the left upper extremity, as well as right inguinal soft tissue swelling and splenomegaly. Histologic examination of the mass revealed a diffuse subcutaneous infiltrate of large anaplastic and CD30-positive lymphoid cells with rimming of the adipocytes. This case demonstrates unusual cytologic features in primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma that mimic the features of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.
Localized Medium-Vessel Vasculitis From a Tick Bite
Authors: Rice Shauna , Clark Mary , Robinson-Bostom Leslie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
Tick bites are known to induce a variety of inflammatory reaction patterns. Here, we present a novel case of medium-vessel vasculitis as a localized response to a known tick bite. It is important to recognize the histology associated with a tick bite response to prevent misdiagnosis and potential overtreatment of a vasculitic condition.
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension anno 2021
Authors: Nossent Esther J. , Meijboom Lilian J. , Bogaard Harm J. , Klok Frederikus A. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
In the past decades, the diagnostic and therapeutic management of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) has been revolutionized.

Recent findings
Advances in epidemiological knowledge and follow-up studies of pulmonary embolism patients have provided more insight in the incidence and prevalence. Improved diagnostic imaging techniques allow accurate assessment of the location and extend of the thromboembolic burden in the pulmonary artery tree, which is important for the determination of the optimal treatment strategy. Next to the pulmonary endarterectomy, the newly introduced technique percutaneous pulmonary balloon angioplasty and/or P(A)H-targeted medical therapy has been shown to be beneficial in selected patients with CTEPH and might also be of importance in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary vascular disease.

Summary
In this era of a comprehensive approach to CTEPH with different treatment modalities, a multidisciplinary approach guides management decisions leading to optimal treatment and follow-up of patients with CTEPH.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MYOPIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION ACTIVITY AND PERFORATING SCLERAL VESSELS IN HIGH MYOPIA
Authors: Ruiz-Medrano Jorge , Almazan-Alonso Elena , Flores-Moreno Ignacio , Puertas Mariluz , García-Zamora María , Ruiz-Moreno José M. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To study perforating scleral vessels (PSVs) in patients with high myopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography and to determine their relationship with myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) and its activity.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of patients with high myopia (≥−6 D or ≥26 mm of axial length) using multimodal imaging. The presence of PSVs and mCNV was assessed using swept-source optical coherence tomography images (TRITON; Topcon Corporation, Japan).

Results:
Five hundred sixty-four eyes from 297 highly myopic patients were studied. One hundred fifty-five eyes (27.5%) showed signs of mCNV while PSVs were found in 500 eyes (88.6%). Perforating scleral vessels were found in 93.5% (145/155) of eyes with mCNV, and they were under or in contact with the mCNV in 80.6% (117/145). The mean number of intravitreal injections received by patients with mCNV was 4.06 ± 4.17 along 66.9 ± 4.1 months of follow-up. The number of injections per year was 1.32 ± 1.56, the mean number of relapses was 1.11 ± 1.83, and the mean number of relapses per year was 0.25 ± 0.41.

Conclusion:
Perforating scleral vessels are more common among highly myopic patients suffering from neovascular complications. Myopic CNV complexes that are coincident with PSVs on optical coherence tomography show higher rates of activity, needing more injections to control them and being more prone to relapses.
Second-generation capsular anchor for subluxated lenses: first clinical results
Authors: Belkin Avner , Yehezkeli Veronika , Assia Ehud I. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the use of the second-generation capsular anchor in the treatment of subluxated crystalline and synthetic intraocular lenses.

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.

Design:
Prospective interventional study.

Methods:
This study evaluated the second-generation capsular anchor, a 3D poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular implant designed to anchor the lens capsule to the sclera. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Corrected distance visual acuity, lens centration, and lens tilt were assessed at the final follow-up of 3 months.

Results:
10 eyes of 10 patients were included in this study. Mean age was 56.2 (22 to 87) years. The reasons for the lack of zonular support were pseudoexfoliation in 3 cases, trauma in 3 cases, and Marfan, ectopia lentis, and pathologic myopia (1 case each). In 1 case, pseudoexfoliation and a history of recent trauma coexisted. 8 of the 10 surgeries were due to subluxation of crystalline lenses and 2 due to subluxation of intraocular lenses. Vision improved in all patients after surgery. Centration of the IOLs was excellent in all patients at the third postoperative month. One patient developed a retinal detachment at the third postoperative week and underwent successful surgery, and 1 patient developed macular edema at the fifth postoperative month, which resolved with topical medication.

Conclusions:
The second-generation capsular anchor, designed to provide significant improvements over the first-generation device, is effective in fixating the capsular bag to the scleral wall in cases with inadequate capsular support.
Predictive accuracy of an intraoperative aberrometry device for a new monofocal intraocular lens
Authors: Spekreijse Lindsay S. , Bauer Noel J.C. , van den Biggelaar Frank J.H.M. , Simons Rob W.P. , Veldhuizen Claudette A. , Berendschot Tos T.J.M. , Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate refractive outcomes for the Clareon monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) in terms of achieved target refraction for the ORA (ALCON) intraoperative wavefront aberrometry device and preoperative noncontact biometry.

Setting:
University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, the Netherlands.

Design:
Prospective observational clinical trial.

Methods:
Patients with bilateral age-related cataracts undergoing phacoemulsification, either by delayed sequential surgery or on the same day, were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were an increased risk for refractive surprise or complicated surgery. Implanted IOL power was based on noncontact optical biometry data using the Barrett Universal II (BU-II) formula, optimized for the Clareon IOL. Postoperative subjective refraction was measured 4 to 6 weeks after surgery. Catquest-9SF questionnaires were completed preoperatively and 3 months after surgery.

Results:
100 eyes (51 patients) were included. The percentages of eyes within 1.0 diopters (D), 0.75 D, 0.50 D, and 0.25 D of target for ORA vs BU-II were 84% (84 eyes), 72% (72 eyes), 57% (57 eyes), and 21% (21 eyes) vs 97% (97 eyes), 88% (88 eyes), 77% (77 eyes), and 53% (53 eyes), respectively. Mean absolute prediction error was significantly higher for ORA vs preoperative biometry (P < .001). After global optimization, the prediction accuracy of ORA improved significantly (P < .001). Catquest-9SF questionnaires showed improved levels of ability at 3 months after surgery (P < .001).

Conclusions:
This study showed lower percentages of eyes within target refraction for ORA (prior to lens constant optimization) compared with the BU-II formula when implanting the Clareon IOL. However, prediction accuracy of ORA improved significantly after global optimization. Therefore, further intraoperative measurements, postoperative measurements, and optimization are needed to improve the ORA prediction for this IOL.
A Review of the Clinician’s Role in Women’s Weight Management and Implications for Women’s Health and Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Nelson Rachel S. , Schulkin Jay , Power Michael L. 
Published: August 2021

Importance
Ten years have passed since the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released its recommendations for gestational weight gain (GWG), based on a woman's prepregnancy body mass index. Despite this, the majority of women do not gain the appropriate gestational weight; most women gain too much weight, and a small but substantial number gain too little.

Objectives
We review the literature concerning GWG, the opinions and practices of clinicians in managing their patients' weight, and how these practices are perceived by patients. We also review several randomized control trials that investigate the efficacy of clinical intervention in managing GWG.

Evidence Acquisition
A literature review search was conducted with no limitations on the number of years searched.

Results
The number of clinicians who are aware of and use the IOM recommendations has increased, but the prevalence of inappropriate GWG has not decreased. Clinicians report feeling less than confident in their ability to have an impact on their patients' weight gain, and there are discrepancies between what clinicians and patients report regarding counseling. Many randomized control trials demonstrate a beneficial impact of clinical intervention, highlighting the importance of collaboration and technology to provide educational information and support throughout a pregnancy.

Conclusions
Pregnancy provides an opportunity for clinicians to have open and direct conversations with their patients about their weight. Providing clinicians with the tools, skillset, and confidence to assist in the management of GWG is essential to the health of women and their children, and warrants further investigation.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After completing this review, clinicians should be better able to identify risk factors of inappropriate GWG and associated complications; summarize current literature on how both clinicians and patients perceive GWG; explain how to assess appropriate GWG on an individual basis based on IOM recommendations; and describe methods to help women achieve appropriate GWG.
Depletion of Aneuploid Cells in Human Embryos and Gastruloids
Authors: Yang Min , Rito Tiago , Metzger Jakob , Naftaly Jeffrey , Soman Rohan , Hu Jianjun , Albertini David F. , Barad David H. , Brivanlou Ali H. , Gleicher Norbert 
Published: August 2021

(Abstracted from Nat Cell Biol 2021;23:314–321)
Despite it being current practice in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols to exclude aneuploid embryos diagnosed through preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-A), it remains controversial whether or not this improves IVF outcomes. Both IVF pregnancies and spontaneous pregnancies demonstrate similar levels of mosaicism (12% vs 6.3%).
Retrograde Manual Lymphatic Drainage following Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer to Distal Recipient Sites for Extremity Lymphedema: A Retrospective Study and Literature Review
Authors: Roka-Palkovits Julia , Lin Miffy Chia-Yu , Tzou Chieh-Han J. , Tinhofer Ines , Cheng Ming-Huei 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Vascularized lymph node transfer is an efficacious treatment for extremity lymphedema. This study investigated the outcome of retrograde manual lymphatic drainage for vascularized lymph node transfer to distal recipient sites.

Methods:
Lymphedema patients who underwent either complete decongestive therapy or vascularized lymph node transfer between 2013 and 2018 were retrospectively included. Retrograde manual lymphatic drainage was started with intermittent manual compression and the assistance of a sphygmomanometer and proximal-to-distal massage of the limb 1 month postoperatively. Outcomes evaluations used the circumferential reduction rate and the Lymphedema-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire. Outcomes of vascularized lymph node transfer to proximal versus distal recipient sites in the literature between 2006 and 2018 were also compared.

Results:
One hundred thirty-eight unilateral extremity lymphedema patients, including 68 patients in the complete decongestive therapy group and 70 patients in the vascularized lymph node transfer group, were included. The mean circumferential reduction rate of 38.9 ± 2.5 percent in the vascularized lymph node transfer group was statistically greater than the 13.2 ± 10.1 percent rate in the complete decongestive therapy group (p = 0.01). At a mean follow-up of 36 months, the improvement of overall Lymphedema-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire score from 3.8 ± 0.3 to 7.5 ± 1.8 in the vascularized lymph node transfer group was statistically greater than that in the complete decongestive therapy group (from 4.7 ± 0.9 to 5.0 ± 1.9; p < 0.01). In total, 536 lymphedema patients who underwent 548 vascularized lymph node transfers in 23 published articles were reviewed; the distal recipient-site group was found to have more efficacious results than the proximal recipient-site group.

Conclusion:
Vascularized lymph node transfer to a distal recipient site with standard retrograde manual lymphatic drainage significantly improved circumferential reduction rates and Lymphedema-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire scores.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Rodeo Thumb: To Replant or Not
Authors: Davis Justin J. , Meade Anna E. , Cochran Lindsey , Sammer Douglas M. , Zhang Andrew Y. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
This study investigated patient-reported outcomes after surgical treatment of rodeo thumb amputation to guide clinical decision-making.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed for rodeo thumb amputations from 2009 to 2019. Patient-reported outcomes were collected and compared by injury level, age, and treatment. Two-sided t test was used to compare continuous variables, and Pearson chi-square test was used to compare categorical data.

Results:
The study included 37 patients. Patients with interphalangeal injuries treated with replantation had Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire scores similar to those treated with amputation (1 versus 8; p = 0.07). There was no significant difference in percentage of patients with similar or better roping ability after treatment (40 percent versus 79 percent; p = 0.26), and similar percentages were satisfied (80 percent versus 71 percent; p = 1.00). Patients with metacarpophalangeal injuries treated with replantation and those treated with amputation had similar questionnaire scores (7 versus 10; p = 0.47). Both groups had similar roping ability after treatment (67 percent versus 56 percent; p = 1.00), and there was no statistically significant difference in satisfaction (79 percent versus 44 percent; p = 0.34). Pediatric patients had questionnaire scores similar to those of adults (6 versus 8; p = 0.42). A significantly higher percentage of pediatric patients had similar roping ability following injury than adults (100 percent versus 54 percent; p = 0.02). Most patients in both groups were satisfied (89 percent versus 61 percent; p = 0.22).

Conclusions:
For both interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal injuries, patient-reported outcomes were similar regardless of treatment. Children were able to return to roping and perform at a similar or higher level at a greater rate than adults, but had similar questionnaire scores and satisfaction.
Philanthropy in Plastic Surgery: Best Practices and Measuring Impact
Authors: McIntyre Joyce K. , Schoenbrunner Anna R. , Albert Rita A. , Gosman Amanda A. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Philanthropy in plastic surgery supports research, clinical care, academic infrastructure, and education in the United States and internationally. Plastic surgeons have opportunities to innovatively address unmet needs in their local and global communities by forming philanthropic nonprofit organizations.

Methods:
The authors queried three national philanthropic databases (Charity Navigator, Guidestar, and ProPublica) for Internal Revenue Service 990 form tax return information related to philanthropic plastic surgery organizations. The authors analyzed the financial information publicly available about current plastic surgery philanthropic organizations and their funding sources.

Results:
Seventy-three federally tax-exempt groups identified plastic surgery as their primary area of work to the Internal Revenue Service in 2019, and 52 of those organizations said they engaged in clinical and/or educational philanthropy.
3
In 2017, a total of $158.5 million was donated to these groups in cash and noncash donations including equipment and time. Analyses of 6 years (2013 to 2018) of tax records from groups that provide plastic surgery clinical, research, or educational philanthropy reveal that government grants provide very little funding for this work. Eighty-six percent of money raised for these groups in 2017 was collected by means of direct donations. Money obtained from fundraising events contributed 2 percent to their total monies raised in 2017 on average and 8 percent came from noncash gifts.

Conclusions:
A broad body of academic research is reviewed here that guides best practices and measuring a group’s impact and outcomes. The details of a philanthropic group’s organization and finances directly influence the impact of their work and, as such, are worthy of our sustained attention.