bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Using Mobile Applications and e-Coaching: A Mixed Treatment Comparison Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hyun Min Kyung , Lee Jang Won , Ko Seung-Hyun , Hwang Jin Seub 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study compared the effectiveness of glycemic control among usual care, care management using a mobile application (app), and management using an app with additional e-coaching for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a mixed treatment comparison (MTC) network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: A systematic search for published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted, which included Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAL, Koreamed, KMbase, and ScienceOn, until October 2020. Among the 10,391 studies identified after removing duplicates, 14 RCTs were finally included in the MTC NMA. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment using version 2 of the Cochrane tool for assessing the risk-of-bias in randomized trials (RoB 2) was performed. The comparative efficacy was analyzed using the random-effects NMA based on a frequentist model by the intervention group and main outcome variables. Results: At the 3-month follow-up after each intervention, a comparison of the P-scores revealed the app plus e-coaching intervention to be the most effective method for reducing the HbA1c level in a homogeneous gender ratio group (P-score 0.92). At the 6-month follow-up period, app intervention was the best in reducing the HbA1c level in the homogeneous gender ratio and under 60 years of age group (P-score 1.00). Conclusions: Based on MTC analysis using the data from published RCTs, mobile apps or apps with e-coaching interventions for T2DM patients were more effective in improving the HbA1c values, FBS, and hypoglycemia frequency than usual care. Nevertheless, further research will be needed to clarify the effects of adding e-coaching to the app. Study registration: Research Registry UIN (reviewregistry780)
Fabrication and Characterization of Taurine Functionalized Graphene Oxide with 5-Fluorouracil as Anticancer Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Pan Hao , Yu Yanjie , Li Li , Liu Bingmi , Liu Yu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, nanocarrier systems for cancer drugs, especially GO-based drug delivery systems, have become a boon for cancer patients. In this study, we choose Tau to functionalize the GO surface to improve its biocompatibility. Firstly, nano-scale GO was synthesized by the modified Hummer’s method and ultrasonic stripping method. The taurine-modified graphene oxide carrier (Tau-GO) was synthesized by chemical method to obtain Tau-GO that has a good dispersibility and stability in water, with a zeta potential of − 38.8 mV and a particle size of 242 nm. Based on the encapsulation efficiency evaluation criteria, the optimal formulation was determined to combine Tau-GO and 5-FU by non-covalent bonding. The 5-FU-Tau-GO was more stable in neutral environment than in acidic environment, and with a certain PH response and sustained release effect. In vivo, we compared oral and intravenous administrations of 5-FU and 5-FU-Tau-GO, respectively, using pharmacokinetic tests and related parameters and showed that 5-FU-Tau-GO oral or intravenous administration prolongs the action time of 5-FU in the body and improves its bioavailability. In addition, the inhibition of HepG2 cells that was measured by the MTT assay, showed that the IC50 value of 5-FU was 196 ± 8.73 μg/mL, and the IC50 value of 5-FU-Tau-GO was 65.2 ± 0.7 μg/mL, indicating that 5- FU-Tau-GO is more potent against HepG2 cells and has a stronger inhibitory effect on cancer cells. The effect on cell morphology that was measured using the AO/EB staining also showed that 5-FU-Tau-GO not only disrupted cells, but also significantly induced apoptosis compared to 5-FU. We also verified by computer aided design that Tau-GO can bind better to 5-FU than to the unmodified GO, and that the formed 5-FU-Tau-GO system is more stable, and conducive to the transfer and release of 5-FU in vivo.
De novo transcriptome analysis and comparative expression profiling of genes associated with the taste-modifying protein neoculin in Curculigo latifolia and Curculigo capitulata fruits
Authors: Okubo Satoshi , Terauchi Kaede , Okada Shinji , Saito Yoshikazu , Yamaura Takao , Misaka Takumi , Nakajima Ken-ichiro , Abe Keiko , Asakura Tomiko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Curculigo latifolia is a perennial plant endogenous to Southeast Asia whose fruits contain the taste-modifying protein neoculin, which binds to sweet receptors and makes sour fruits taste sweet. Although similar to snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) agglutinin (GNA), which contains mannose-binding sites in its sequence and 3D structure, neoculin lacks such sites and has no lectin activity. Whether the fruits of C. latifolia and other Curculigo plants contain neoculin and/or GNA family members was unclear.

Results
Through de novo RNA-seq assembly of the fruits of C. latifolia and the related C. capitulata and detailed analysis of the expression patterns of neoculin and neoculin-like genes in both species, we assembled 85,697 transcripts from C. latifolia and 76,775 from C. capitulata using Trinity and annotated them using public databases. We identified 70,371 unigenes in C. latifolia and 63,704 in C. capitulata. In total, 38.6% of unigenes from C. latifolia and 42.6% from C. capitulata shared high similarity between the two species. We identified ten neoculin-related transcripts in C. latifolia and 15 in C. capitulata, encoding both the basic and acidic subunits of neoculin in both plants. We aligned these 25 transcripts and generated a phylogenetic tree. Many orthologs in the two species shared high similarity, despite the low number of common genes, suggesting that these genes likely existed before the two species diverged. The relative expression levels of these genes differed considerably between the two species: the transcripts per million (TPM) values of neoculin genes were 60 times higher in C. latifolia than in C. capitulata, whereas those of GNA family members were 15,000 times lower in C. latifolia than in C. capitulata.

Conclusions
The genetic diversity of neoculin-related genes strongly suggests that neoculin genes underwent duplication during evolution. The marked differences in their expression profiles between C. latifolia and C. capitulata may be due to mutations in regions involved in transcriptional regulation. Comprehensive analysis of the genes expressed in the fruits of these two Curculigo species helped elucidate the origin of neoculin at the molecular level.
Selenium-related nutritional status in patients with common variable immunodeficiency: association with oxidative stress and atherosclerosis risk
Authors: Andrade Itana Gomes Alves , de Souza Fabíola Isabel Suano , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Aranda Carolina Sanchez , Sarni Roseli Oselka Saccardo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an inborn errors of immunity, that leads to recurrent chronic infections and autoimmune/ inflammatory diseases and neoplasms. It is considered that these condition is related to persistent this immune-inflammatory stimulation and increased oxidative stress. A positive impact on the survival of patients with an inborn error of immunity was observed with advanced clinical care protocols, thus raising concerns about the risk of developing other associated chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Studies suggest that selenium (Se) is a protective trace element against damage caused by oxidative stress. Thus, it is postulated that adequate consumption reduces the risk of some chronic diseases.

Results
Se median levels (ug/L) [45.6 (37.3–56.2) vs. 57.8 (46.0–66.0); p = 0.004] and GPX activity (U/L) [7682 (6548–8446) vs. 9284(8440–10,720); p = 0,002) were significantly lower in patients compared to controls. Inadequacy of Se levels was observed in 50% of the patients. There was a higher percentage of high values of C-reactive protein in the group of CVID patients compared to controls [8 (36.4%) vs. 2 (11.1%); p = 0.082]. Higher concentrations of oxidized LDL (45.3 mg/dL vs. 33.3 mg/dL; p = 0.016) and lower concentrations of Apo A-1 (98.5 mg/dL) vs. 117.0 mg/dL; p = 0.008) were observed in the CVID group compared to the control. There was a significant and positive correlation between Se plasma levels and apolipoprotein A-1 concentrations in CVID group (rho = 0.577; p = 0.001). Se values less than 46 μg / L (OR = 3.590; 95% CI 1.103 to 11.687; p = 0.034) and GPX activity below the 4th quartile (OR = 21.703; 95% CI 2.534 to 185.914; p = 0.005) were independently associated, after adjustment for age, overweight and dyslipidemia, with the CVID group (Table 5).

Conclusion
This study showed an higher percentage of high us-CRP, lower values of plasma Se and GPX activity, higher concentrations of LDLox and lower levels of Apo A-1 in CVID patients in comparison to controls, suggesting oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk.These data point to the importance of assessing the Se status and cardiovascular risk in these patients.
Time course of outcome in poor grade subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: a longitudinal retrospective study
Authors: Gouvêa Bogossian Elisa , Diaferia Daniela , Minini Andrea , Ndieugnou Djangang Narcisse , Menozzi Marco , Peluso Lorenzo , Annoni Filippo , Creteur Jacques , Schuind Sophie , Dewitte Olivier , Taccone Fabio Silvio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Neurological outcome and mortality of patients suffering from poor grade subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may have changed over time. Several factors, including patients’ characteristics, the presence of hydrocephalus and intraparenchymal hematoma, might also contribute to this effect. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal changes in mortality and neurologic outcome in SAH patients and identify their predictors.

Methods
We performed a single center retrospective cohort study from 2004 to 2018. All non-traumatic SAH patients with poor grade on admission (WFNS score of 4 or 5) who remained at least 24 h in the hospital were included. Time course was analyzed into four groups according to the years of admission (2004–2007; 2008–2011; 2012–2015 and 2016–2018).

Results
A total of 353 patients were included in this study: 202 patients died (57 %) and 260 (74 %) had unfavorable neurological outcome (UO) at 3 months. Mortality tended to decrease in in 2008–2011 and 2016–2018 periods (HR 0.55 [0.34–0.89] and HR 0.33 [0.20–0.53], respectively, when compared to 2004–2007). The proportion of patients with UO remained high and did not vary significantly over time. Patients with WFNS 5 had higher mortality (68 % vs. 34 %, p = 0.001) and more frequent UO (83 % vs. 54 %, p = 0.001) than those with WFNS 4. In the multivariable analysis, WFNS 5 was independently associated with mortality (HR 2.12 [1.43–3.14]) and UO (OR 3.23 [1.67–6.25]). The presence of hydrocephalus was associated with a lower risk of mortality (HR 0.60 [0.43–0.84]).

Conclusions
Both hospital mortality and UO remained high in poor grade SAH patients. Patients with WFNS 5 on admission had worse prognosis than others; this should be taken into consideration for future clinical studies.
Novel meso-substituted porphyrin derivatives and its potential use in photodynamic therapy of cancer
Authors: Vallecorsa Pablo , Di Venosa Gabriela , Ballatore M. Belén , Ferreyra Dario , Mamone Leandro , Sáenz Daniel , Calvo Gustavo , Durantini Edgardo , Casas Adriana 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer treatment that utilizes the interaction of light and a photosensitiser (PS), promoting tumour cell death mediated by generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro photoactivity of four meso-substituted porphyrins and a porphyrin coupled to a fullerene.

Methods
The cell line employed was the LM3 mammary adenocarcinoma, and the PS with the best photokilling activity was administered to mice bearing the LM3 subcutaneously implanted adenocarcinoma. The TEMCP4+ porphyrin and its analogue TEMCC4+ chlorine contain four identical carbazoyl substituents at the meso positions of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle and have A4 symmetry. The TAPP derivative also has A4 symmetry, and it is substituted at the meso positions by aminopropoxy groups. The DAPP molecule has ABAB symmetry with aminopropoxy and the trifluoromethyl substituents in trans positions. The TCP-C604+ dyad is formed by a porphyrin unit covalently attached to the fullerene C60.

Results
The PSs are taken up by the cells with the following efficiency: TAPP> TEMCP4+ = TEMCC4+ > DAPP >TCP-C604+, and the amount of intracellular PS correlates fairly with the photodamage degree, but also the quantum yields of singlet oxygen influence the PDT outcome. TAPP, DAPP, TEMCC4+ and TEMCP4+ exhibit high photoactivity against LM3 mammary carcinoma cells, being TAPP the most active. After topical application of TAPP on the skin of mice bearing LM3 tumours, the molecule is localized mainly in the stratum corneum, and at a lower extent in hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Systemic administration of TAPP produces a tumour: normal skin ratio of 31.4, and high accumulation in intestine and lung.

Conclusion
The results suggest a potential use of topical TAPP for the treatment of actinic keratosis and skin adnexal neoplasms. In addition, selectivity for tumour tissue after systemic administration highlights the selectivity of and potentiality of TAPP as a new PS.
Recurrent dislocation of binocular crystal lenses in a patient with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency
Authors: Hua Ning , Ning Yuxian , Zheng Hui , Zhao Ledong , Qian Xuehan , Wormington Charles , Wang Jingyun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Ectopia lentis is the common ocular manifestation of homocystinuria resulting from cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency which has a high risk of thromboembolic complications.

Case presentation
The present study reports the case of a teenager with recurrent lens dislocation and glaucoma. He was diagnosed with CBS deficiency according to a high level of serum homocysteine and compound heterozygous mutations at two different positions on the CBS gene. Antiglaucoma eyedrops and a mydriatic successfully controlled the intraocular pressure, while oral pyridoxine and betaine uptake lowered the serum homocysteine level effectively.

Conclusions
Children with CBS deficiency may suffer from ectopia lentis, glaucoma and/or amblyopia. We firstly discovered a new mutation of CBS c. 697 T > G which had not been reported before. The patient was pyridoxine responsive and well controlled by medicine.
Obesity and occupation in Thailand: using a Bayesian hierarchical model to obtain prevalence estimates from the National Health Examination Survey
Authors: Rittirong Jongjit , Bryant John , Aekplakorn Wichai , Prohmmo Aree , Sunpuwan Malee 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Like many developing countries, Thailand has experienced a rapid rise in obesity, accompanied by a rapid change in occupational structure. It is plausible that these two trends are related, with movement into sedentary occupations leading to increases in obesity. National health examination survey data contains information on obesity and socioeconomic conditions that can help untangle the relationship, but analysis is challenging because of small sample sizes.

Methods
This paper explores the relationship between occupation and obesity using data on 10,127 respondents aged 20–59 from the 2009 National Health Examination Survey. Obesity is measured using waist circumference. Modelling is carried out using an approach known as Multiple Regression with Post-Stratification (MRP). We use Bayesian hierarchical models to construct prevalence estimates disaggregated by age, sex, education, urban-rural residence, region, and occupation, and use census population weights to aggregate up. The Bayesian hierarchical model is designed to protect against overfitting and false discovery, which is particularly important in an exploratory study such as this one.

Results
There is no clear relationship between the overall sedentary nature of occupations and obesity. Instead, obesity appears to vary occupation by occupation. For instance, women in professional occupations, and men who are agricultural or fishery workers, have relatively low rates of obesity.

Conclusion
Bayesian hierarchical models plus post-stratification offers new possibilities for using surveys to learn about complex health issues.
Barriers to and facilitators of HIV serostatus disclosure to sexual partners among postpartum women living with HIV in South Africa
Authors: Adeniyi Oladele Vincent , Nwogwugwu Charlotte , Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Lambert John 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Disclosure of HIV serostatus to a sexual partner can facilitate partner’s support and testing and better treatment outcomes. Studies examining changes in disclosure rates of serostatus from delivery and postpartum periods are scarce. Our study fills this gap by using a follow-up survey of postpartum women with HIV to examine if disclosure prevalence has improved compared to the proportion recorded at childbirth. We further assessed the reasons for non-disclosure and correlates of serostatus disclosure to sexual partners.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study (exit interview) with a final sample of 485 postpartum women with HIV drawn from the East London Prospective Cohort study database between January and May 2018. Disclosure of HIV status to partner was based on self-reporting. We fitted adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models and also conducted descriptive statistical analyses. Sampling weights were used to correct for sampling errors.

Results
Overall, 81.8% of women in the study cohort had disclosed their status to their partners, representing a 7.4 percentage point increase since child delivery. After adjusting for important covariates, women were more likely to disclose their status if they were married [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.10; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.39–6.91] but were less likely to disclose if they used alcohol [AOR: 0.61; 95% CI:0.37–0.99] or had reported adherence to ART [AOR: 0.59; 95% CI:0.36–0.96]. Fear of rejection, stigma or being judged, new or casual relationships, and having a violent partner were the main reasons for not disclosing HIV status to sexual partners.

Conclusion
We found a relatively higher rate of HIV status disclosure in the cohort compared to the rate recorded at childbirth, suggesting an improvement over time. Also, complicated relationship dynamics and fear of social exclusion still constitute barriers to HIV status disclosure to sexual partners despite patients’ counselling.
Association of household socioeconomic status, neighborhood support system and adherence to dietary recommendation among persons with T2DM, a facility-based cross-sectional study in Ghana
Authors: Doglikuu Be-Ikuu Dominic , Abubakari Abdulai , Yaseri Mehdi , Shakibazadeh Elham , Djazayery Abolghassem , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDietary recommendation help persons with diabetes adopt to healthy eating habits to achieve optimal glycemic control. Socioeconomic-status and neighborhood support system can influence adherence to dietary recommendation. The purpose of our study is to assess the association of household-socioeconomic status and neighborhood-support system with adherence to dietary recommendation among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsFacility-based cross-sectional-survey was conducted in Brong Ahafo region, Ghana. Six hospitals were randomly selected and 530 individuals with T2DM consecutively recruited from the selected hospitals for the study. Structured-questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic variables. Adherence to dietary-recommendation was the outcome-variable, and was assessed using perceived dietary-adherence questionnaire.ResultsAge (years) (P-value = 0.005), Physical-Activity level (P-value = 0.024) Receive-moderate Social-Support (P-value = 0.004) and High-Socioeconomic status (P-value = 0.046) were significantly correlated with adherence to dietary-recommendation. Age (years) regression coefficient (β) -0.089, 95%CI (− 0.12, − 0.001), Being married β0.103, 95%CI (0.002, 0.02), moderate and low-social support system β 0.309, 95%CI (0.17, 0.38) and β-0.192, 95%CI (− 0.26, − 0.06) respectively, and high-socioeconomic status β 0.197, 95%CI (0.06, 0.25) were significantly associated with adherence to dietary-recommendation.ConclusionSocial-support system and socioeconomic-status could be associated with adherence to dietary-recommendation. Therefore, health workers should consider patients’ social support system and socioeconomic status as modifiable factors for optimum adherence.
Effects of high-flow oxygen therapy on patients with hypoxemia after extubation and predictors of reintubation: a retrospective study based on the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Liu Taotao , Zhao Qinyu , Du Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
To investigate the indications for high-flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNC) therapy in patients with hypoxemia during ventilator weaning and to explore the predictors of reintubation when treatment fails.

Methods
Adult patients with hypoxemia weaning from mechanical ventilation were identified from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The patients were assigned to the treatment group or control group according to whether they were receiving HFNC or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) after extubation. The 28-day mortality and 28-day reintubation rates were compared between the two groups after Propensity score matching (PSM). The predictor for reintubation was formulated according to the risk factors with the XGBoost algorithm. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated for reintubation prediction according to values at 4 h after extubation, which was compared with the ratio of SpO2/FiO2 to respiratory rate (ROX index).

Results
A total of 524,520 medical records were screened, and 801 patients with moderate or severe hypoxemia when undergoing mechanical ventilation weaning were included (100 < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg), including 358 patients who received HFNC therapy after extubation in the treatment group. There were 315 patients with severe hypoxemia (100 < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 mmHg) before extubation, and 190 patients remained in the treatment group with median oxygenation index 166[157,180] mmHg after PSM. There were no significant differences in the 28-day reintubation rate or 28-day mortality between the two groups with moderate or severe hypoxemia (all P > 0.05). Then HR/SpO2 was formulated as a predictor for 48-h reintubation according to the important features predicting weaning failure. According to values at 4 h after extubation, the AUC of HR/SpO2 was 0.657, which was larger than that of ROX index (0.583). When the HR/SpO2 reached 1.2 at 4 h after extubation, the specificity for 48-h reintubation prediction was 93%.

Conclusions
The treatment effect of HFNC therapy is not inferior to that of NIV, even on patients with oxygenation index from 160 to 180 mmHg when weaning from ventilator. HR/SpO2 is more early and accurate in predicting HFNC failure than ROX index.