bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sodium hydrosulfide and rhizobia on the growth rate, nutrient stoichiometry, and nutrient resorption of soybean (Glycine maxL.)#
Authors: Chen Juan , Liu Wu‐Yu , Zhang Wei‐Qin , Zhang Ya‐Mei , Zhao Yi‐Wen , Wei Ge‐Hong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsNaHS, a donor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is emerging as a potential signaling molecule, may regulate various physiological processes in plants. However, how soybean (Glycine maxL.) responds to NaHS and rhizobia (Sinorhizobium fredii) inoculation remains unclear.MethodsWe explored the effects of NaHS and rhizobia on the growth rate, nodules, nitrogenase activities (NA), chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, photosynthesis (Pn), chlorophyll fluorescent parameters, endogenous H2S accumulation,l/d‐cysteine desulfhydrase (GmLCDandGmDCD) gene expression, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) contents, and nutrient resorption.ResultsThe results showed that rhizobia significantly increased the shoot, root, total dry weight, and growth rate, and NaHS promoted nodule numbers and NA in soybean. Moreover, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, Pn, endogenous H2S accumulation, andGmLCDandGmDCDgene expression levels were promoted by NaHS and rhizobia. In addition, during all growth stages of soybean, the levels of N, P, and K and the N:P ratio in different tissues were affected by NaHS and rhizobia. Additionally, NaHS and rhizobia also significantly enhanced N resorption efficiency (NRE) and K resorption efficiency (KRE), but decreased P resorption efficiency (PRE).ConclusionTherefore, NaHS and rhizobia regulated the growth rate, nutrient stoichiometry, and nutrient resorption efficiency of soybean. These findings provide information that will be useful for predicting how NaHS and rhizobia lead to variations in nutrient uptake and nutrient conservation strategies.
Applied GA5, GA4, and GA4/7 increase berry number per bunch, yield, and grape quality for winemaking in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec
Authors: Berli Federico J , Alonso Rodrigo , Pharis Richard P , Bottini Rubén 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe gibberellins (GAs) GA5 (inhibitor of GA3‐oxidase), GA4 (biologically active), GA4/7 (commercially available mixture of Ga4 and GA7) prohexadione‐calcium (ProCa, inhibitor of dioxygenases that render GAs bioactive, negative control), and GA3 (positive control) were applied to bunches of Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec. Different techniques, doses, and timings were used in a 3‐year field experiment. In year 1, GA5, ProCa, and GA3 were applied at 35, 20, and 0 days before veraison (DBV) by dipping bunches three times. In year 2, single applications of GA5 and GA3, also by immersion, were tested at 60, 45, and 30 DBV. In year 3, applications at 60 and 30 DBV of GA5, GA4, and a mixture of GA4/7 were evaluated by dipping or spraying the bunches.RESULTSVegetative growth, berry weight, and sugar content were unaffected by treatments. ProCa did not affect the yield with respect to water control, although it reduced the levels of phenolics in berry skins, an undesirable effect for winemaking. GA5, in the dose range 5–50 mg L−1, raised berry numbers, thereby augmenting bunch weight and skin phenolics at harvest, so increasing berry quality for winemaking. GA4 and GA4/7 produced similar benefits to GA5, with similar doses.CONCLUSIONThe applications of GA5, GA4, and GA4/7 to developing grape berry bunches, in a range of concentrations and by dipping or spraying, increased berry numbers per bunch at harvest. The method can be used as a viticultural practice to improve the production and quality of wine grapes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Highly Efficient and Broadband Achromatic Transmission Metasurface to Refract and Focus in Microwave Region
Authors: Ji Wenye , Cai Tong , Xi Zheng , Urbach Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAchromatic devices have wide application prospects in radar and imaging fields. However, chromatic aberration and limited bandwidth restrict their development. Moreover, broadband and highly efficient achromatic devices working in transmission mode are still difficult to realize. In this paper, broadband highly efficient achromatic transmission in the microwave region by a metasurface is achieved. First, the ideal dispersion conditions of achromatic meta‐atoms are given. Then, a polarization selective grating metasurface and a split ring slot metasurface are designed using the transfer matrix method and equivalent circuit theory, respectively. The former is used to control phase characteristics while the latter enables controlling dispersion. Phase and dispersion can be controlled independently by cascading them and any phase curve can be designed as is desired. In order to verify the strategy, an achromatic deflector and an achromatic lens are designed and samples are fabricated. The experimental results show that the deflector can realize achromatic refraction from 9.3 to 12.3 GHz with average efficiency 77.5% and the lens can realize achromatic focusing from 9.8 to 12.2 GHz with average efficiency 78.9%, respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with theory. The findings provide valuable strategy for achromatic devices design, which can be widely applied.
Theoretical studies of the concentration dependences of d–d transition band, g factors, and local distortion for V4+ in Li2O–PbO–B2O3–P2O5 glasses
Authors: Lyu Jun‐Rui , Wu Shao‐Yi , Hong Yu‐Jing , Wu Hao , Dong Hui‐Ning 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, the g factors, d–d transition band, local distortion, and their concentration dependences for impurity V4+ in 20Li2O–20PbO–45B2O3–(15 − x)P2O5:V2O5 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2.5 mol%) glasses are theoretically investigated by using perturbation formulas of g factors for a tetragonally compressed octahedral 3d1 cluster. In the light of the cubic polynomial concentration functions for cubic field parameter Dq, covalency factor N, and relative tetragonal compression ratio ρ, the calculated concentration dependences of d–d transition band and g factors for V4+ show good agreement with the experimental data. With increasing x, N (≈0.7682–0.8165) displays the monotonously increasing trend, whereas ρ (≈6.5–4.2%) and Dq (≈1504.9–1481.1 cm−1) exhibit the decreasing tendencies. The above concentration dependences can be ascribed to the modifications of the V4+–O2− bonding and orbital admixtures around the impurity V4+ due to the effects of V2O5 doping on the stability of the glass network, the strength of local crystal fields, and the electron cloud distribution.
How to distinguish duck and wader remains eaten by the peregrine falconFalco peregrinusfrom those eaten by other birds of prey and humans: A taphonomic analysis
Authors: Bochenski Zbigniew M. , Wertz Krzysztof , Tornberg Risto , Korpimäki Veli‐Matti 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBird bones from archeological sites near cliffs and at the entrance to caves may have been accumulated by the peregrine falcon and not by humans. To find out who deposited these remains—humans, peregrine falcons, or some other predators—taphonomic studies must be carried out. This study shows the characteristic damage to the bones of modern birds done by peregrine falcons. These include greater than expected abundance of humeri and coracoids, relatively little fragmentation of long bones, perforations mainly seen in the sternum and humerus, and characteristic proportions of the preserved skeleton elements. The described features make it possible to clearly distinguish food remains deposited by diurnal birds of prey from those accumulated by humans or owls. To identify the most likely species of bird of prey that has accumulated a given assemblage, it is important not only to establish the taxonomic composition of the assemblage but also to take into account the prey size preferred by the various raptors. The present research shows that the differences between bone damage of different victims of peregrine falcons are relatively small, which indicates that the results of our research are quite universal and can be applied to different geographic areas inhabited by different species of birds.
Three‐dimensional structure of xylonolactonase from Caulobacter crescentus: A mononuclear iron enzyme of the 6‐bladed β‐propeller hydrolase family
Authors: Pääkkönen Johan , Hakulinen Nina , Andberg Martina , Koivula Anu , Rouvinen Juha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractXylonolactonase Cc XylC from Caulobacter crescentus catalyzes the hydrolysis of the intramolecular ester bond of d‐xylonolactone. We have determined crystal structures of Cc XylC in complex with d‐xylonolactone isomer analogues d‐xylopyranose and (r)‐(+)‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrrolidinone at high resolution. Cc XylC has a 6‐bladed β‐propeller architecture, which contains a central open channel having the active site at one end. According to our previous native mass spectrometry studies, Cc XylC is able to specifically bind Fe2+. The crystal structures, presented here, revealed an active site bound metal ion with an octahedral binding geometry. The side chains of three amino acid residues, Glu18, Asn146, and Asp196, which participate in binding of metal ion are located in the same plane. The solved complex structures allowed suggesting a reaction mechanism for intramolecular ester bond hydrolysis in which the major contribution for catalysis arises from the carbonyl oxygen coordination of the xylonolactone substrate to the Fe2+. The structure of Cc XylC was compared with eight other ester hydrolases of the β‐propeller hydrolase family. The previously published crystal structures of other β‐propeller hydrolases contain either Ca2+, Mg2+, or Zn2+ and show clear similarities in ligand and metal ion binding geometries to that of Cc XylC. It would be interesting to reinvestigate the metal binding specificity of these enzymes and clarify whether they are also able to use Fe2+ as a catalytic metal. This could further expand our understanding of utilization of Fe2+ not only in oxidative enzymes but also in hydrolases.
Structural evidence of the oxidation of iodide ion into hyper‐reactive hypoiodite ion by mammalian heme lactoperoxidase
Authors: Singh Prashant K. , Ahmad Nayeem , Yamini Shavait , Singh Rashmi P. , Singh Amit K. , Sharma Pradeep , Smith Michael L. , Sharma Sujata , Singh Tej P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLactoperoxidase (1.11.1.7, LPO) is a mammalian heme peroxidase found in the extracellular fluids of mammals including plasma, saliva, airway epithelial lining fluids, nasal lining fluid, milk, tears, gastric juices, and intestinal mucosa. To perform its innate immune action against invading microbes, LPO utilizes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to convert thiocyanate (SCN−) and iodide (I−) ions into the oxidizing compounds hypothiocyanite (OSCN−) and hypoiodite (IO−). Previously determined structures of the complexes of LPO with SCN−, OSCN−, and I− show that SCN− and I− occupy appropriate positions in the distal heme cavity as substrates while OSCN− binds in the distal heme cavity as a product inhibitor. We report here the structure of the complex of LPO with IO− as the first structural evidence of the conversion of iodide into hypoiodite by LPO. To obtain this complex, a solution of LPO was first incubated with H2O2, then mixed with ammonium iodide solution and the complex crystallized by the addition of PEG‐3350, 20% (wt/vol). These crystals were used for X‐ray intensity data collection and structure analysis. The structure determination revealed the presence of four hypoiodite ions in the substrate binding channel of LPO. In addition to these, six other hypoiodite ions were observed at different exterior sites. We surmise that the presence of hypoiodite ions in the distal heme cavity blocks the substrate binding site and inhibits catalysis. This was confirmed by activity experiments with the colorimetric substrate, ABTS (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐sulfonic acid)), in the presence of hypoiodite and iodide ions.
Long‐term first‐in‐man Phase I/II study of an adjuvant dendritic cell vaccine in patients with high‐risk prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Tryggestad Anne M. A. , Axcrona Karol , Axcrona Ulrika , Bigalke Iris , Brennhovd Bjørn , Inderberg Else M. , Hønnåshagen Turid K. , Skoge Lisbeth J. , Solum Guri , Sæbøe‐Larssen Stein , Josefsen Dag , Olaussen Richard W. , Aamdal Steinar , Skotheim Rolf I. , Myklebust Tor Å. , Schendel Dolores J. , Lilleby Wolfgang , Dueland Svein , Kvalheim Gunnar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with high‐risk prostate cancer (PC) can experience biochemical relapse (BCR), despite surgery, and develop noncurative disease. The present study aimed to reduce the risk of BCR with a personalized dendritic cell (DC) vaccine, given as adjuvant therapy, after robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).MethodsTwelve weeks after RALP, 20 patients with high‐risk PC and undetectable PSA received DC vaccinations for 3 years or until BCR. The primary endpoint was the time to BCR. The immune response was assessed 7 weeks after surgery (baseline) and at one‐time point during the vaccination period.ResultsAmong 20 patients, 11 were BCR‐free over a median of 96 months (range: 84–99). The median time from the end of vaccinations to the last follow‐up was 57 months (range: 45–60). Nine patients developed BCR, either during (n = 4) or after (n = 5) the vaccination period. Among five patients diagnosed with intraductal carcinoma, three experienced early BCR during the vaccination period. All patients that developed BCR remained in stable disease within a median of 99 months (range: 74–99). The baseline immune response was significantly associated with the immune response during the vaccination period (p = 0.015). For patients diagnosed with extraprostatic extension (EPE), time to BCR was longer in vaccine responders than in non‐responders (p = 0.09). Among 12 patients with the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade 5 PC, five achieved remission after 84 months, and all mounted immune responses.ConclusionPatients diagnosed with EPE and ISUP grade 5 PC were at particularly high risk of developing postsurgical BCR. In this subgroup, the vaccine response was related to a reduced BCR incidence. The vaccine was safe, without side effects. This adjuvant first‐in‐man Phase I/II DC vaccine study showed promising results. DC vaccines after curative surgery should be investigated further in a larger cohort of patients with high‐risk PC.
On reliability estimation of Nadarajah–Haghighi distribution under adaptive type‐I progressive hybrid censoring scheme
Authors: Almarashi Abdullah M. , Algarni Ali , Okasha Hassan , Nassar Mazen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation methods are considered to estimate the unknown parameters, reliability, and hazard rate functions of the Nadarajah–Haghighi (NH) distribution based on adaptive type‐I progressive hybrid censoring (ATIPHC) scheme. The Bayesian estimation is obtained under the assumption of independent gamma priors. The Bayes estimators cannot be obtained in closed form, therefore Lindley's approximation and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method are used to solve this problem. The approximate confidence (ACIs) and credible intervals are also considered. To compare the efficiency of the different proposed estimators, a simulation study is considered and the performance of the different estimators are compared using mean square error (MSE) and interval length criterion. Finally, one real data set is analyzed in order to show how these mentioned estimators can be applied in practice. The simulation and real data analysis showed that the Bayes estimates have the smallest MSEs and the BCIs have the smallest lengths compared to their conventional counterparts.
Accurate and Real‐Time Detection Method for the Exothermic Behavior of Enzymatic Nano‐Microregions Using Temperature‐Sensitive Amino‐AgInS2 Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wu Youshen , Tang Peng , Zhu Hongrui , Gan Zhenhai , Zhang Hu‐Qin , Wu Daocheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe thermal behavior of enzymes in nanoscale is of great significance to life phenomena. This nonequilibrium state real‐time thermal behavior of enzymes at nanoscale cannot be accurately detected by existing methods. Herein, a novel method is developed for the detection of this thermal behavior. The enzyme‐quantum dot (QD) conjugates can be obtained by chemically grafting temperature‐sensitive amino‐AgInS2 QDs to the enzyme, where the QDs act as nanothermometers with a sensitivity of −2.82% °C−1. Detecting the photoluminescence intensity changes of the enzyme‐QD conjugates, the real‐time thermal behavior of enzymes can be obtained. The enzyme‐QD conjugates show a temperature difference as high as 6 °C above ambient temperature in nano‐microregions with good reproducibility (maximum error of 4%) during catalysis, while solution temperature hardly changed. This method has a temperature resolution of ≈0.5 °C with a detection limit of 0.02 mg mL−1 of enzyme, and spatially ensured that the amino‐AgInS2 QDs are quantitatively bound to the enzyme; thus, it can accurately detect the exothermic behavior of the enzyme and can be extended to other organisms’ detection. This method has high sensitivity, good stability, and reliability, indicating its great potential application in investigating the thermal behavior of organisms in nanoscale and related life phenomena.
Cell-Intrinsic WNT4 Promotes Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Self-Renewal
Authors: Hétu-Arbour Roxann , Tlili Mouna , Bandeira Ferreira Fabio Luiz , Abidin Belma Melda , Kwarteng Edward O. , Heinonen Krista M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although intracellular Wnt signaling pathways need to be tightly regulated to promote hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, the source and identity of important Wnt ligands in the bone marrow is still largely unknown. The noncanonical ligand Wnt4 is expressed in the bone marrow as well as in the stroma, and its overexpression in fetal liver cells facilitates thymic recovery; however, its impact on adult hematopoietic stem cell function remains unclear. Here, we report that the deletion of Wnt4 from hematopoietic cells in mice (Wnt4Δ/Δ) resulted in decreased lymphopoiesis at steady state. This was likely at least in part due to the increased proinflammatory environment present in the bone marrow of Wnt4Δ/Δ mice. Wnt4Δ/Δ hematopoietic stem cells displayed reduced reconstitution capacity in serial transplants, thus demonstrating defective self-renewal, and they expanded poorly in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. This appeared to be the result of the absence of Wnt4 in stem/progenitor cells, as myeloid-restricted Wnt4 deletion had no notable effect. Finally, we observed that Wnt4Δ/Δ stem/progenitor cells were more quiescent, presenting enhanced levels of stress-associated JNK phosphorylation and p16INK4a expression, likely contributing to the reduced expansion observed in transplants. In conclusion, our results identify a new, largely autocrine role for Wnt4 in hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, suggesting that regulation of Wnt signaling in hematopoiesis may not need Wnt secretion and could be independent of morphogen gradients.
Generalized ferrofluid based lubrication equation and its application to porous journal bearing
Authors: Shah Rajesh C. , Shah Rajiv B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper derived generalized ferrofluid based lubrication equation (based on the Shliomis model) from the basic theory for variable as well as uniform (transverse) strong magnetic fields. The variable magnetic field (VMF) is used because of retaining contributions from all magnetic terms of the Shliomis model. Moreover, it has an added advantage of generating maximum field at the required active contact zone in the bearing design system. Using above equation for variable and strong magnetic field, the case of porous journal bearing (PJB) is studied by considering equation of continuity in the film as well as porous region. The validity of the Darcy's law is assumed in the porous region. The modified Reynolds‐Darcy equation for PJB is derived by considering the effects of squeeze velocity, anisotropic permeability and slip velocity. The results show that dimensionless load‐carrying capacity increases with the increase of eccentricity ratio and the effect of magnetic field, and performed best for the decreasing values of the dimensionless permeability parameter in the x‐direction for a thin layer of the porous region. Moreover, the results are also compared with the behavior of different types of journal bearing designs discussed by different authors.
Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhang Yilin , Liu Dongwei , Liu Zhangsuo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe impact of ambient particulate matter (PM) on public health has become a great global concern, which is especially prominent in developing countries. For health purposes, PM is typically defined by size, with the smaller particles having more health impacts. Particles with a diameter <2.5 μm are called PM2.5. Initial research studies have focused on the impact of PM2.5 on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases; nevertheless, an increasing number of data suggested that PM2.5 may affect every organ system in the human body, and the kidney is of no exception. The kidney is vulnerable to particulate matter because most environmental toxins are concentrated by the kidney during filtration. According to the high morbidity and mortality related to chronic kidney disease, it is necessary to determine the effect of PM2.5 on kidney disease and its mechanism that needs to be identified. To understand the current status of PM2.5 in the atmosphere and their potential harmful kidney effects in different regions of the world this review article was prepared based on peer-reviewed scientific papers, scientific reports, and database from government organizations published after the year 1998. In this review, we focus on the worldwide epidemiological evidence linking PM2.5 with chronic kidney disease and the effect of PM2.5 on the chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. At the same time, we also discuss the possible mechanisms of PM2.5 exposure leading to kidney damage, in order to emphasize the contribution of PM2.5 to kidney damage. A global database on PM2.5 and kidney disease should be developed to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease.
Chapter 4: Russia’s Food Security and Impact on Agri-Food Trade
Authors: Götz Linde , Heigermoser Maximilian , Jaghdani Tinoush Jamali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRussia’s food policy has been defined by the quest for food security for more than a decade, which in the Russian context includes import protectionism, self-sufficiency, and import substitution, marked by the adoption of Food Security Doctrines in 2010 and 2020. This chapter first investigates the impact of food security policy on domestic production. Food security policy has combined with an increase in state support for domestic production, leading to notable increases in output and self-sufficiency for selected commodities. The chapter also examines the impact of food security on agri-food exports, which have become a priority since 2018. Although Russia has become a leading exporter of wheat, the influence of food security is seen by the introduction of export quotas on grain starting in 2020. Despite protectionism, Russia has not withdrawn from the international food market but rather is an active and significant player as both food importer and exporter.