bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of oxygen transport in the retinal artery with higher order accuracy by using seven and nine point finite difference technique: a comparative study
Authors: Raza Muhammad , Riaz Arshad , Hamid Abdul Haleem , Khan Sami Ullah , Siddiqui Muhammad Arshad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The model explains the special distribution of oxygen pressure, typically normal breathing pressure with time-dependent diffusion including depletion of oxygen by normal metabolism. The model considered here has four sections described as the inner retina, the outer retina, the fluid layer, and the choriocapillaris. The oxygen transportation is considered through these four layers with metabolism in each layer that consumes oxygen. For the numerical investigation of the diffusion model, the method of lines (MOL) with Runge–Kutta (RK4) method is implemented. For the spatial derivatives, the different 6th (seven-point) and 8th order (nine-point) finite difference schemes are used to achieve higher accuracy. Three various models are thoroughly focused in the study. The normal metabolism rate of oxygen through each layer is found in the first case while abnormal rate is predicted in the second case and in third case; the vision loss due to extensive stage of hypoxia is observed. The key finding of the study comes in terms of getting higher accuracy by seven-point and nine-point formula as compared to five-point formula. All the major results are tabulated and sketched diagrammatically.
Quantum non-linear effects in colliding light beams and interferometers
Authors: Hacyan S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Small corrections to the electromagnetic field in colliding light beams are evaluated taking into account the interaction of light with the quantum vacuum, as predicted by quantum electrodynamics. The nonlinear formulation of McKenna and Platzman (1963) is used. Possible implications for very energetic light beams and the radiation pressure in interferometers (e.g., gravitational waves detector) are considered. It is also shown that a head-on collision produces secondary waves along conical directions at angles

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Experimental validation of theoretically predicted cut-off of L1–L3M4,5 transitions at Z
= 50 through measurements of fluorescence and Coster–Kronig yields for Sn and Sb
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Ayri Vibha , Kumar Anil , Czyzycki M , Karydas A G , Puri Sanjiv 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present work, we have deduced the fluorescence (ω
1, ω
2, ω
3) and Coster–Kronig (CK)(f
12, f
13, f
23) yields for Sn (Z = 50) and Sb (Z = 51) from the L
i
(i = 1–3) sub-shell x-ray intensities measured using the energy tunable synchrotron radiation employing the selective photoionization method. For both the elements, yields have been obtained using two sets of theoretical photoionization cross sections based on the non-relativistic Hartree–Fock–Slater (HFS) model and the self-consistent Dirac–Hartree–Fock (DHF) model. In case of Sb, we have obtained a third set of measured yields also by using the experimental photoionization cross sections evaluated from independent measurements of the mass-attenuation coefficients. The experimental yields for Sb are reported for the first time by us. We have compared the present deduced fluorescence and CK yields with the Dirac–Hartree–Slater model based values, the semi-empirical values tabulated by Krause and the earlier reported values. In case of Sn, using the DHF and the HFS model based photoionization cross sections, two sets of present measured L1 sub-shell fluorescence yields (ω
1) are found to be 0.039 ± 0.007 and 0.036 ± 0.003, and the CK yields (f
13) are found to be 0.428 ± 0.107 and 0.405 ± 0.028, respectively. In case of Sb, using three sets of the photoionization cross sections (DHF, HFS and recent experimental values), the ω
1 values are measured to be 0.042 ± 0.007, 0.040 ± 0.004 and 0.047 ± 0.005, and the CK yields are measured to be 0.343 ± 0.085, 0.297 ± 0.021 and 0.247 ± 0.022, respectively. The comparison of these present measured yields with the theoretical values provided a reliable experimental evidence indicating cut-off of the intense L1–L3M4,5 CK transitions at Z = 50.
Methods for detecting order-by-disorder transitions: the example of the Domino model
Authors: Bacry Hugo , Cugliandolo Leticia F , Tarzia Marco 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Detecting the zero-temperature thermal order-by-disorder (ObD) transition in classical magnetic systems is notably difficult. We propose a method to probe this transition in an indirect way. The idea is to apply adequate and suitably engineered magnetic fields to transform the zero-temperature transition into a finite-temperature sharp crossover, which should be much easier to observe and characterise with usual laboratory methods. Such a crossover should constitute proof of existence of the ObD transition in the underlying unperturbed system.
Temperature Effects on Plasma Li-heparin and Transaminase Activity in Children Blood with Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Fadhilah F , Rahmawati I , Anggraeni N , Riyadi S A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart disease that is caused by four heart defects, namely VSD, overriding aorta, obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract and right ventricle hypertrophy. These abnormalities, which affect the anatomic structure of the heart, cause poor oxygenated blood to be pumped out of the heart. Children have smaller veins than adults, which make obtaining blood sample much harder. An experimental design was utilized, which allows the researchers to manipulate one or more variables and measure the resultant effects on the dependent variables. The population in this study was all vein blood sample of paediatric patients under the age of ten in National Cardiovascular Centre Harapan Kita Jakarta with TOF. Eleven sample were choose randomly as the sample in this study. We took 3 millilitres of blood from each sample and gave Li-heparin. The samples were then stored for 30 minutes at 5° C, 22-25° C and 37 ° C. We then used these sample to conduct ALT and AST tests. Based on the results of these tests we conducted descriptive statistical analysis, the normality test, homogeneity test and ANOVA test. We found that there is no significant difference in the results of AST and ALT tests using the three different samples. This study aimed to examine the effects of different temperatures on the volume of Li-heparin plasma and transaminase activity in human blood with Tetralogy of Fallot. The highest plasma volume was obtained from the sample that was put 30 minutes at 37°C.
Optimum Combination of Alphamangostin-Dihydroartemisinin in Vitro as Antimalaria
Authors: Tjahjani S , Syafruddin D , Tjokropranoto R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Drug discovery effort need to be done because of the malaria drug resistance evidence. Against the available ACTs, this resistance also started to develop. Alphamangostin has antimalarial activity and has synergistic effect with dihydroartemisinin. The aim of this study was to look for the optimum ratio of this combination as antimalaria with the lowest IC50 (the most active) and the smallest Sum of FIC50 (the most synergistic effect). Three kinds of stock solution of combination of alphamangostin with dihydroartemisinin were made consisting of: 1) a half of IC50 alphamangostin with a half of dihydroartemisinin, 2) Three quarter of IC50 alphamangostin with a quarter of dihydroartemisinin, 3) a quarter of IC50 alphamangostin with three quarter of dihydroartemisinin. 3D7 clone of Plasmodium falciparum cultivation was treated by each of those stock solutions in various dilution duplicately. Parasitaemia percentage was counted and analyzed by probit analysis to find out the IC50 and the sum of FIC50 of those combinations. It was shown that IC50 and the sum of FIC50 of the first, second, and third combination was 0.0011 microgram/ mL and 0.733; 0.00023 microgram / mL and 0.115; 0.00028 microgram / mL and 0.233 consecutively. It seemed that the second combination was the most ideal combination according its synergistic effect.
The Best Pasteurization Method in Reducing the Amount of Bacteria in Cow’s Milk on People Dairy Farm
Authors: Nawangsih E N , Rahmat I I , Halimah L S , Hidayat D N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One method to reduce the number of bacteria and kill pathogenic bacteria is pasteurization. The purpose of this study is to get the best pasteurization method to reduce the number of bacteria and meet the Indonesian national standard requirements. This research is a comparative study to compare the methods of HTST (High Temperature Short Time) and LTLT (Low Temperature Long Time) pasteurization using samples of cow’s milk from the people’s dairy farms in Sunten Jaya Village, Lembang. The results showed the average total colonies number of cow’s milk before pasteurization was1,19x104 CFU/m, post pasteurization using LTLT method was 8.8x102 CFU/ml, and HTST method was 3.2x102CFU/ml. There was a significant decrease in the number of bacteria after pasteurization, with a p-value of 0.027 after being analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis test (p-value < 0.05).In addition, there was a significant difference between the total colonies number of HTST and LTLT post-pasteurization after being analyzed by the Mann Whitney test, with p-values = 0.05 (p-value < 00.05). Thus the HTST method is the best method in reducing the number of bacterial colonies in cow’s milk from Sunten Jaya Village, Lembang.
Optimization Concentration Control Cell Coombs (CCC) for Validity Tests on Crossmatching Examination
Authors: Oktari A. , Handriani R. , Musbihah S. S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Crossmatching is an examination that needs to be done before doing a blood transfusion to see whether the recipient’s blood is in accordance with the donor’s blood. Validity is done to find out the results obtained in all phases crossmatching tests correctly indicate compatible. Control Coombs Cell (CCC) is a control cell suspension made from group O Rh positive blood which is intentionally coated with an incomplete antibody. The aim is to determine the concentration and optimal time of CCC incubation so that it can be used for validity testing on crossmatching examination. The test used two-way ANOVA test showed significant results, there were differences in the degree of agglutination in variations in concentration and incubation time. The optimum results were not obtained at concentrations of 50 percents, 60 percents, 70 percents and the right incubation time of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes. The results of agglutination were reduced at a concentration of 50 percents and an incubation time of 15 minutes, that coombs as controlling negative CCC test results and testing serum coombs. CCC as validating results so as not to cause false positive reactions or false negative results.
Test Of Analgesic And Antiinflamation Effect Of Ethanol 70% Extract Red Gedi Leaves (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik.) From Palu On White Rat (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Nur A , Tjiroso B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Test of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract 70% leaf Red Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) against male rat (Rattus norvegicus). The purpose of this study was to determine the general purpose of this study was to determine the analgesic and antiinflammatory effect of ethanol extract of 70% leaf Red gedi (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) Against male rats (Rattus novergicus). This research is an experimental research with approach of pre and post test control group design. The sample was divided into 5 groups, ie normal group, negative control, positive control, and group extract. In the extract group, 3 doses of different extracts were extract dose 150 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW, and 450 mg/kg BW. Determination of analgesic with Writhing test method induced with acetic acid 1% while anti-inflammatory with the formation of artificial edema with 1% caragen inducer. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect was obtained on ethanol extract of 70% leaf red gedi (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) at doses of 150 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW, and 450 mg/kg BW characterized by the number of stretching and inflammation On different legs with the control group. The result of statistical analysis using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) method showed that analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect was shown by ethanol extract 70% of leaf Red gedi (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik). Doses of 150 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW, and 450 mg/kg BW were not significantly different from mefenamic acid and diclofenac sodium.
In Vitro Evaluation of The Inhibitory Power of Trichoderma harzianum Against Pathogens that Cause Anthracnose in Chili
Authors: Sutarman  , Miftahurrohmat A , Nurmalasari IR , Prihatinnigrum AE 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the inhibition of Trichoderma harzianum Tc-Jjr-02 isolates against two Colletotrichum isolates that cause anthracnose in chili in vitro. The first stage of the test was carried out by a double culture method on the agar dextrose-chloramphenicol medium with five replications. Inhibition of biocontrol agents was determined by comparing the difference between growth of pathogenic colonies in multiple cultures and monoculture with growth of monoculture pathogenic colonies measured every 24 hours for six days. At two weeks after the end of the Observation Test the second stage of research was carried out. Mycelium biocontrol agents that overlap with pathogenic mycelium isolates are sampled and observed under a microscope with 400 times magnification. In vitro test results showed that T. harzianum Tc-Jjr-02 isolates were able to inhibit the growth of C. capsici and C. gloeosporioides colonies with an average of 64.2 ± 3.54 and 65.0 ± 3.93%, respectively. On microscopic observations of overlapping mycelium it appears that T. harzianum Tc-Jjr-02 damages the C. capsici and C. gloeosporioides hyphae cell walls. T. harzianum has the potential to be an effective biocontrol agent against pathogens that cause chili anthracnose.
Isolation Bacteria Producing α-Amylase from Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) L.
Authors: Muharram Luthfia Hastiani , Hernahadini Nelis , Fauzi Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae used as a large-scale organic waste bioreduction agent with ability reduce organic waste up to 200 tons per day. The potency of BSF larvae to process organic waste was related to the function of phisiology, microbial and biochemical processes. The gut extracts had high amylase, lipase and protease activities. α-amylase is one of the important enzyme in development of biotechnology and belongs to the main enzyme class on the world enzyme market. α-amylase used to replace chemical hydrolysis process in starch processing industry. α-amylase from microorganism was more prospective than plant and animal amylase, because it was more easily manipulated to produces targetted enzymes, characteristics and more economical. The purpose of this study was to isolate bacteria producing α-amylase from BSF larvae. The research method was extracted of 200 BSF larvae in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Homogenate was isolated in Lysogeny Broth (LB) by serial dilution and fourway strick. Each culture was screened based on the activity of α-amylase by Fuwa method. The results of isolation obtained 8 single colonies bacteria. The α-amylase activity assay for Fuwa method obtained the highest α-amylase activity unit was 10.86 units/ml, produced by the 8th colony.
The Use of Ethanol as an Alternative Solvent to Replace 2-Propanol in the Determination of Total Acid Number in Lubricant by Potentiometric Titration
Authors: Yuliani E , Permana W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In determining the quality of lubricant, acid content affects the quality of the lubricant. The acid content in the lubricant can be determined by using ASTM D664 Standard Method to determine Total Acid Number. The purposes of this research are to obtain the optimum ratio of a solvent mixture of Toluene and Ethanol to determine the Total Acid Number using the Potentiometric titration method and set the value of its accuracy and precision. This research aims to compare the value of the total acid number of the modified method to the standard method (ASTM D664). The modified method in this research uses toluene and ethanol, with ratios 70 percent: 30 percent. Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test shows that both methods produce normal data, and based on the t-test result, it is showed that both methods produce the results that are not significantly different. Based on the measurement of accuracy and precision, the method generates accurate and precise data. From the overall result, it can be concluded that the solvent mixture of Toluene and Ethanol with ratios 70 percent: 30 percent, can be used as an alternative solvent mixture to replace the solvent mixture in ASTM D664 Standard Method.
The Proportion of Moringa and Cassava Leaves on the Chemical and Sensory Properties of Chicken Nuggets
Authors: Prayitno S A , Rahim A R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Several types of chicken meat products that have high protein content. Chicken meat can be used as a processed nugget product which is a healthy food product, for example with the addition of natural ingredients derived from moringa leaves and cassava which have good nutritional content for humans. From the proximate analysis of Moringa and cassava leaves are rich in nutrients that are good for humans. The purpose of this study was to determine and identify the chemical parameters of chicken nugget products enriched by Moringa (Moringa poleifera) and cassava leaves (Manihot utilissima). By using sensory evaluation methods and effectiveness tests. Then the chemical parameters by conducting laboratory analysis. From the results of the study, the best sensory evaluation of the nugget product is the proportion of cassava and Moringa leaves by 50: 50%, with a yield value of 0.68. Chemical analysis shows that the best treatment is also in the ratio of 50: 50%. Chemical parameters such as protein 10.16%, Vitamin C 181.80 mg, Calcium 112.30 mg, crude fiber 9.40%. The addition of moringa and cassava leaves affects chemical parameters (protein, crude fiber, calcium) in chicken nuggets.
On the numerical solution of Burgers-Fisher equation by the Strang Splitting Method
Authors: Hamzah D. A. , Aprianto M. C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we apply the Strang splitting method to approximate the solution of Burgers-Fisher equation. This method offers a second-order accurate approximation to evolution equation by combining two non-commuting operators. This accuracy is achieved through a symmetric decomposition in which one operator is applied twice for half timesteps, and the other operator is applied once for a full timestep. The stability criteria is derived using the invariant region. The numerical results obtained are compared with the exact solution. The numerical error shows that the exact and the numerical solution are agrees with each other with a good accuracy.
The comparison of accuracy between naïve bayes clasifier and c4.5 algorithm in classifying toddler nutrition status based on anthropometry index
Authors: Ridwan A , Sari T N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Body Mass Index (BMI), one of which is used to indicate the category of nutrition al status of children under five whether it is proportional or not. Anthropometry has an important role to play in determining the nutritional status of Toddler. The Anthropometric guidelines for determining the nutritional status of Toddler are the parameters chosen which include an assessment of height, age, and weight. On the other hand this ever-increasing amount of data requires several methods to process and draw conclusions and information from these data. Some methods used to process large data to find patterns contained therein are simple, including the Naïve Bayes Clasifier Algorithm and C4.5 Algorithm. Both are methods in the classification of Data Mining Techniques. The Naïve Bayes Clasifier Algorithm and C4.5 Algorithm are included in the Ten Most Popular Data Mining Classifications. This Research will apply the Naïve Bayes Clasifier Algorithm and C4.5 Algorithm which is used for the classification of Toddler Nutrition Status based on the Anthropometry Index so as to produce the accuracy of both algorithms. While the five classes will be classified as thin, very thin, normal, fat, very fat. The results of this classification process show that the C4.5 algorithm has an accuracy rate of 0.93% better than the Naïve Bayes Clasifier Algorithm. The algorithm that has been formed can then be developed and implemented into an application making it easier for stakeholders to make a decision for the Classification of Toddler Nutrition Status based on the Anthropometric Index
On The Locating Rainbow Connection Number of A Graph
Authors: Bustan Ariestha Widyastuty , Salman A.N.M. , Putri Pritta Etriana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLetkbe a positive integer andG= (V(G),E(G)) be a finite and connected graph. A rainbow vertexk-coloring ofGis a functionc:V(G) → {1,2,…,k} such that for every two verticesuandvinV(G) there exists au-vpath whose internal vertices have distinct colors. Such path is called a rainbow vertex path. The rainbow vertex connection number ofG, denoted byrvc(G). is the smallest positive integerkso thatGhas a rainbow vertexk-coloring. The distance between two difference verticesuandvinV(G), denoted byd(u,v), is the length of a shortestu-vpath inG. Fori∈ {1,2,…,k], letRibe the set of vertices with coloriand Π - {R1,R2,…,Rk} be fjn ordered partition ofV(G). The rainbow code of a vertexvofV(G) with respect to Π is defined as thek-tuplerc∏(v)=(d(v,R1),d(v,R2),…,d(v,Rk)),, whered(v,Ri) =min{d(v, y) |y∈Ri} for eachi∈ {1,2,…,k}. If every vertex ofGhas distinct rainbow codes, thencis called a locating rainbowk-coloring ofG. The locating rainbow connection number ofG. denoted byrvcl(G). is defined as the smallest positive integerksuch thatGhas a locating rainbowk-coloring. In this paper, we provide the sharp upper and lower bounds for locating rainbow connection number of a graph. We also determine the locating rainbow connection number of some well-known classes of graphs.
Identification Growth Quality of Red Onion during Planting Period using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Lestari N A P , Dijaya R , Azizah N L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L) is a type of horticultural crop which is one of the leading vegetable commodities that is widely cultivated by farmers in Indonesia. Identification of the quality of growth of onions can be known from the size, colour and texture. This study focuses on identify the quality of the growth of shallots using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The data used in this study are 100 images of 48-day-old Bauji variety onions divided into two classes, good quality onions and poor quality onions. The pre-processing produce higher quality images based on edge detection, dilation, erosion and colour channel changes for feature extraction. Feature extraction based on HSI colour and GLCM texture to identify the quality of the onion Furthermore value of the feature extraction will be input calculation from the SVM classifier. The experiment shows that the best result can be using combination HSI and GLCM features with accuracy 82%.