bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a Mobile Application and Evaluation of Its Effects on Psychological Parameters of Covid-19 Inpatients: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Aalaei Shokoufeh , Khoshrounejad Farnaz , Saleh Lahya Afshari , Amini Mahnaz 
Published: May 2021

Background: Panic of the disease and the associated concerns can lower the quality of life and physical performance. As long as the COVID-19 pandemic is ever on the rise, the psychological pandemic of the disease is on the rise, too. The high prevalence of COVID-19 has further increased physicians' work pressure. Patients' needs are not met adequately by physicians. It seems essential to use aids to monitor patients' needs and serve them properly. Thus, in the present research, suggestions are made on how to evaluate patients' physical and psychological conditions during the treatment via a mobile application.Methods and Analysis: The present research is a randomized, two parallel-group, controlled trial. One-hundred-twelve inpatients diagnosed with the coronavirus will be assigned randomly to the control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, a mobile application will be provided to educate patients, establish two-way interactions between patients and care providers and record patients' symptoms. Those in the control group will receive the usual care. The primary outcome is the change to the depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21) score from the baseline to 2 weeks after discharge from hospital. It will be measured at the baseline, at the time of discharge, and two weeks later.Ethics and Dissemination: The Ethics committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences' approval date was 2020-04-19 with IR.MUMS.REC.1399.118 reference code. Thus far, participants' recruitment has not been completed and is scheduled to end in March 2021. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial Registration: IRCT20170922036314N4 (https://www.irct.ir/trial/47383).
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Program for the Elderly Aged 60 Years or Older in Shanghai, China
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Tang Yuekun , Ma Xiaoying , Guo Xiang , Huang Zhuoying , Ren Jia , Qiu Jing , Jiang Hongli , Lu Yihan 
Published: May 2021

Background: The pneumococcal vaccine has been considered as the most effective measure to prevent pneumococcal diseases. In 2013, Shanghai launched a major public health program to vaccinate people aged 60 years or older with 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV-23) free of charge. By the end of June 2020, a total of 1.56 million old people had been vaccinated free of charge.Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of PPSV-23 vaccination program in Shanghai from the health system perspective.Methods: According to the actual number of people aged 60 years or older with PPSV-23 vaccination in Shanghai from 2013 to 2018, a multi-cohort Markov model for life-time was developed to compare health and economic outcomes of vaccinated people vs. if they were not vaccinated for PPSV-23. Cost effectiveness was reported as incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER). A 5% discount rate was used for both costs and health outcomes. In addition, one-way sensitivity analysis was used to test the model's robustness.Results: By the end of 2018, a total of 1,091,967 people aged 60 years or older were vaccinated with PPSV-23 in Shanghai, China. Comparing with the unvaccinated circumstances, PPSV-23 vaccination would cost US $19.62 million more and receive an additional 10,321.3 quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). PPSV-23 was associated with the ICER of $190.1 per QALY gained. The Results were sensitive to the variation of vaccine effectiveness against community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and disease incidence, mortality, and costs of CAP. In all sensitivity analysis, the PPSV-23 was economical.Conclusion: The PPSV-23 vaccination program in Shanghai was cost-effective. With the further development of the project, the administrative costs of the vaccine will be reduced, making it more cost-effective.
A Roadmap to Inform the Implementation of Evidence-Based Collaborative Care Interventions in Communities: Insights From the Michigan Mental Health Integration Partnership
Authors: Rusch Amy , DeCamp Lindsay M. , Liebrecht Celeste M. , Choi Seo Youn , Dalack Gregory W. , Kilbourne Amy M. , Smith Shawna N. 
Published: May 2021

Background:Despite increasing calls for further spread of evidence-based collaborative care interventions (EBIs) in community-based settings, practitioner-driven efforts are often stymied by a lack of experience in addressing barriers to community-based implementation, especially for those not familiar with implementation science. The Michigan Mental Health Integration Partnership (MIP) is a statewide initiative that funds projects that support implementation and uptake of EBIs in community-based settings. MIP also provides anin situimplementation laboratory for understanding barriers to the uptake of EBIs across a variety of settings. We report findings from a statewide qualitative study of practitioners involved in MIP projects to garner their perspectives of best practices in the implementation of EBIs.Methods:Twenty-eight semi-structured interviews of practitioners and researchers from six MIP Projects were conducted with individuals implementing various MIP EBI projects across Michigan, including stakeholders from project teams, implementation sites, and the State of Michigan, to identify common barriers, challenges, and implementation strategies deployed by the project teams, with the purpose of informing a set of implementation steps and milestones.Results:Stakeholders identified a number of barriers to and strategies for success, including the need for tailoring program deployment and implementation to specific site needs, development of web-based tools for facilitating program implementation, and the importance of upper-level administration buy-in. Findings informed our resultant community-based Implementation Roadmap, which identifies critical steps across three implementation phases—pre-implementation, implementation, and sustainability—for implementation practitioners to use in their EBI implementation efforts.Conclusion:Implementation practitioners interested in community-based EBI implementation often lack access to operationalized implementation “steps” or “best practices” that can facilitate successful uptake and evaluation. Our community-informed MIP Implementation Roadmap, offering generalized steps for reaching successful implementation, uses experiences from a diverse set of MIP teams to guide practitioners through the practices necessary for scaling up EBIs in community-based settings over pre-implementation, implementation and sustainability phases.
Adolescents' Understanding of What Causes Emotional Distress: A Qualitative Exploration in a Non-clinical Sample Using Ideal-Type Analysis
Authors: O'Neill Alisha , Stapley Emily , Stock Sarah , Merrick Hannah , Humphrey Neil 
Published: May 2021

Background: There is increased interest in early intervention and prevention of mental health difficulties during adolescence; thus, we are seeing increased efforts to optimize well-being during this epoch. Positive emotional experiences are a central component of overall well-being. However, research exploring what adolescents perceive to be the cause(s) of their emotional difficulties is lacking. Improving understanding of this issue within non-clinical adolescent groups may provide useful insight into how to develop strategies to support young people as they navigate emotional difficulties.Objectives: The aim of this research was to explore if meaningful categories of perceived cause(s) for emotional distress exist for non-clinical adolescent groups.Methods: The data for this study were drawn from interviews across 6 sites in England conducted as part of the 5-year national evaluation of the HeadStart Learning Programme. The sample comprised of 32 young people aged 11–12 years from the first annual wave of qualitative data collection in 2017. Ideal type analysis—a qualitative form of person-centered analysis—was used to construct a typology of adolescents perceived cause(s) for emotional distress.Findings: We identified five distinct categories of perceived cause: (1) perceived lack of control; (2) unfair treatment; (3) others, their actions and judgements as the catalyst; (4) concerns for self and others; and, (5) self as cause.Conclusions: Our findings illustrate that distinct categories for perceived cause of emotional distress exist among adolescents considered to be “at risk” of developing mental health difficulties, which provides a foundation for future necessary work seeking to investigate the possible link between perceived cause for emotional distress and help-seeking behavior among sub-clinical groups.
No Consequence for Lateral View X-Ray in Displaced Proximal Femoral Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: Macke Christian , Werner Maic , Herold Lambert , Krause Olaf , Graulich Tilmann , Clausen Jan-Dierk , Krettek Christian , Liodakis Emmanouil 
Published: May 2021

Background: Due to demographic changes, proximal femoral fractures (PFF) in the elderly rise constantly. The standard diagnostic tool is still the X-ray of the pelvis/hip in two planes. Our hypothesis was that the lateral-view X-ray has little influence on classification, planning of the operative procedure, and choice of implant in geriatric patients.Methods: Retrospective analysis of all initial X-rays of PFF in geriatric patients (≥70 years) from May 2018 until August 2019 in a Level I Trauma center. Three experienced consultants categorized the fractures on the ap pelvis view and performed Garden and Pauwels classification as well as a two-staged classification displaced/nondisplaced [for femoral neck fractures (FNF)] or AO Classification [for intertrochanteric fractures (ITF)]. Afterward, they decided the operative strategy as well as implant choice [dynamic hip screw (DHS), intramedullary nail (IMN), or arthroplasty]. After 4 weeks, they categorized all fractures again with now available lateral view X-rays in a different order.Results: Two hundred seven patients (146 female, 61 male; 70.5 vs. 29.5%) with 90 FNF and 117 ITF (43.5 vs. 56.5%) could be included. Age was 84.6 ± 6.9 years. The treatment was in 45 cases DHS, in 82 cases IMN, and for the other 80 cases arthroplasty. The interobserver reliability of the classifications were poor, except for the two-staged classification [Fleiss-κ ap view only = 0.708 (CI 95% 0.604, 0.812) vs. additional lateral = 0.756 (CI 95% 0.644, 0.869)]. Moreover, independent from the classification, there were no significant changes in management and choice of implant with additional lateral view.Conclusions: Regarding our results, we consider the lateral view dispensable for standard X-ray of displaced PFF in geriatric patients. In nondisplaced fractures, it could be added secondary.
Diagnostic Assessment and Restoration Plan for Damaged Forest around the Seokpo Zinc Smelter, Central Eastern Korea
Authors: Kim A Reum , Lim Bong Soon , Seol Jaewon , Lim Chi Hong , You Young Han , Lee Wan Sup , Lee Chang Seok 
Published: May 2021

Research Highlights: This study was carried out to diagnose the forest ecosystem damaged by air pollution and to then develop a restoration plan to be used in the future. The restoration plan was prepared by combining the diagnostic assessment for the damaged forest ecosystem and the reference information obtained from the conservation reserve with an intact forest ecosystem. The restoration plan includes the method for the amelioration of the acidified soil and the plant species to be introduced for restoration of the damaged vegetation depending on the degree of damage. Background and Objectives: The forest ecosystem around the Seokpo smelter was so severely damaged that denuded lands without any vegetation appear, and landslides continue. Therefore, restoration actions are urgently required to prevent more land degradation. This study aims to prepare the restoration plan. Materials and Methods: The diagnostic evaluation was carried out through satellite image analysis and field surveys for vegetation damage and soil acidification. The reference information was obtained from the intact natural forest ecosystem. Results: Vegetation damage was severe near the pollution source and showed a reducing trend as it moved away. The more severe the vegetation damage, the more acidic the soil was, and thereby the exchangeable cation content and vegetation damage were significantly correlated. The restoration plan was prepared by proposing a soil amelioration method and the plants to be introduced. The soil amelioration method focuses on ameliorating acidified soil and supplementing insufficient nutrients. The plants to be introduced for restoring the damaged forest ecosystem were prepared by compiling the reference information, the plants tolerant to the polluted environment, and the early successional species. The restoration plan proposed the Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, and Cornuscontroversa–Juglansmandshurica communities as the reference conditions for the ridge, slope, and valley, respectively, by reflecting the topographic condition. Conclusions: The result of a diagnostic assessment showed that ecological restoration is required urgently as vegetation damage and soil acidification are very severe. The restoration plan was prepared by compiling the results of these diagnostic assessments and reference information collected from intact natural forests. The restoration plan was prepared in the two directions of soil amelioration and vegetation restoration.
Phylogenetic Tracking of LA-MRSA ST398 Intra-Farm Transmission among Animals, Humans and the Environment on German Dairy Farms
Authors: Lienen Tobias , Schnitt Arne , Cuny Christiane , Maurischat Sven , Tenhagen Bernd-Alois 
Published: May 2021

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a major threat to human and animal health, causing difficult-to-treat infections. The aim of our study was to evaluate the intra-farm transmission of livestock-associated (LA) MRSA sequence type (ST) 398 isolates on German dairy farms. A total of 115 LA-MRSA ST398 isolates originating from animals, humans and the environment of six dairy farms were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing and core genome multilocus sequence typing. Phylogenetic clusters of high allelic similarity were detected on all dairy farms, suggesting a MRSA transmission across the different niches. On one farm, closely related isolates from quarter milk samples (QMS), suckers of calf feeders and nasal cavities of calves indicate that MRSA may be transferred by feeding contaminated milk to calves. Detection of related MRSA isolates in QMS and teat cups (4/6 farms) or QMS and human samples (3/4 farms) pointed out a transmission of MRSA between cows during the milking process and a potential zoonotic risk. In conclusion, LA-MRSA ST398 isolates may spread between animals, humans and the environment on dairy farms. Milking time hygiene and other internal biosecurity measures on farms and pre-treatment of milk before feeding it to calves may reduce the risk of MRSA transmission.
The use of road transport in the systems of group water supply and wastewater disposal
Authors: Чупин Р.В. , Мороз М.В. 
Published: May 2021

Из-за неравномерности распределения водных ресурсов по территории России многие населенные пункты и даже города не имеют своих источников водоснабжения и водоемов, куда можно было бы сбрасывать очищенные сточные воды. Для решения этой проблемы проектируются, строятся и развиваются групповые и районные системы водоснабжения и водоотведения. Протяженность таких систем насчитывает сотни и даже тысячи километров. На их строительство и эксплуатацию ежегодно требуются значительные финансовые средства. Поэтому вопросы выбора трасс, состава сооружений и особенно способов транспортировки воды и сточных вод, обоснования мест расположения водозаборов и очистных сооружений являются актуальными и требуют особого внимания и технико-экономического анализа проектных вариантов. Предлагается методика комплексной оптимизации параметров систем водоснабжения и водоотведения, позволяющая определять наилучшие способы транспортирования воды и стоков (трубопроводами либо в цистернах автомобилей), места устройства водозаборов, водопроводных и канализационных очистных сооружений, оптимальные трубопроводные трассы и автомобильные маршруты между этими сооружениями и абонентами.
Due to the uneven distribution of water resources across the territory of Russia, many communities and even cities lack own water supply sources and water bodies where effluents could be discharge into. To address this problem, group and district water supply and wastewater disposal systems are designed, built and developed. The length of such systems is hundreds and even thousands of kilometers. Significant financial resources are required annually for their construction and operation. Therefore, the issues of the choice of routes, composition of the structures and especially methods of transporting water and wastewater, justification of locating water intakes and treatment facilities are relevant and require special attention and technical and economic analysis of design options. A method is proposed for the comprehensive optimization of the parameters of water supply and wastewater disposal systems that will provide for determining the best ways of transporting water and wastewater (by pipelines or in road-tankers), location of water intakes, water supply and wastewater treatment facilities, optimal pipeline routes and auto routes between these structures and customers.
Electrical properties of heavily Sn-doped (AlGa)2O3 layers on β-Ga2O3 (010) substrates
Authors: Okumura Hironori 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report on the critical layer thickness for (AlGa)2O3 hetero-epitaxial growth on β-Ga2O3 (010) substrates via plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy and on the electrical properties of heavily tin-doped (AlGa)2O3 layers. The aluminum composition in the (AlGa)2O3 layers was reproducibly controlled within 19% by changing aluminum fluxes. We achieved the pseudomorphic growth of the 1050 nm thick (Al0.12Ga0.88)2O3 and 420 nm thick (Al0.15Ga0.85)2O3 layers on β-Ga2O3 (010) substrates. The electron concentration, contact resistivity, and sheet resistance of the (Al0.10Ga0.90)2O3 layer with a tin concentration of 4 × 1019 cm−3 were 1 × 1018 cm−3, 3 × 10−5 Ω cm2, and 9 × 102 Ω/⎕, respectively.
La Universidad en la promoción y defensa de los Derechos Humanos frente al COVID 19
Authors: Castillo Guido Oscar 
Published: May 2021

ANTECEDENTE Y CONTEXTO
Es bueno recordar el contexto de cómo surge la teorización, desarrollo y existencia jurídica-social de los derechos humanos. Cuatro hechos históricos relevantes merecen se acotados[1]:

La Revolución Francesa y su Declaración de los Derechos del Hombre y los Ciudadanos en 1789.
En 1776 la declaración de independencia de los Estados Unidos y su posterior promulgación en 1791 de la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales.
La Revolución Industrial, que inició a mitad del siglo XVIII, culminando su auge entre 1820 y 1840 y que significó un cambio importante en nuestra vida cotidiana.

La Segunda Guerra Mundial que culminó en 1945, produciéndose una declaración muy importante como lo es la Declaración Universal de los Derecho Humanos, proclamada en París en 1948 y que nació como un ideal común para todos los pueblos y naciones. La Declaración establece, por primera vez, los derechos humanos fundamentales que deben protegerse en el mundo entero y ha sido traducida a más de 500 idiomas.
[1] Castillo Guido, Oscar. Manual de Derecho Constitucional. Concoerdancias con la Constitución Política de Nicaragua y sus reformas. - Managua: edit. PAVSA, 2012. Págs. 17 la 19
Synthetic Domestic Electricity Demand in Thailand using A Modified High Resolution Modelling Tool by CREST
Authors: Pachanapan Piyadanai , Trairat Panupon , Kanprachar Surachet 
Published: May 2021

A residential electricity demand profile is one of the key roles for investigating the impacts of high penetration of low carbon technologies, such as photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles, on distribution networks. However, it is difficult to identify the true daily electricity consumption of Thailand household, caused by the lack of routine real time demand monitoring and residential electricity meter is normally on monthly which is a low time resolution. In this paper, the CREST Demand Model is employed to simulate a high resolution domestic electricity demand in Thailand, without installing new monitoring devices and customer interruption, through a stochastic process which is a combination of patterns of active occupancy, the outdoor ambient light characteristic and daily activity profiles. Due to the model is based on time use survey data in UK, the outdoor irradiance and appliance configuration are adapted to fit for the Thailand case study. In order to verify the model, the synthetic load profiles by CREST Demand Model is compared against measured data from the actual monitoring in a real low voltage network in Thailand. The results show that it is promising to apply the high resolution demand model by CREST to simulate the domestic electricity demand profiles in Thailand.
The Life Cycle of Magnetars: A Novel Approach to Estimate Their Ages
Authors: Mondal Tushar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma repeaters are slowly rotating, young, and isolated neutron stars exhibiting sporadic outbursts and high X-ray quiescent luminosities. They are believed to be powered by ultrastrong magnetic fields, B ∼ 1014−1015 G, associated with “magnetars.” In the peculiar case of SGR 0418+5729, timing parameters imply a dipolar B-field of 6.1 × 1012 G. This discovery has challenged the traditional picture of magnetars in terms of B-field strengths, evolutionary stages, and ages. Here we provide a novel approach to estimate a magnetar’s age by considering the self-consistent time evolution of a plasma-filled oblique pulsar with the state-of-the-art magnetospheric particle acceleration gaps. The rotational period of magnetars increases over time due to angular momentum extraction by gravitational-wave radiations, magnetic dipole radiations, and particle winds. These torques also change the obliquity angle between the magnetic and rotation axes. For SGR 0418+5729, we obtain a dipolar B-field of 1.0 × 1014 G, and a realistic age of ∼18 kyr, consistent within the magnetar paradigm.
Identification of an [α/Fe]—Enhanced Thick Disk Component in an Edge-on Milky Way Analog
Authors: Scott Nicholas , van de Sande Jesse , Sharma Sanjib , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Freeman Ken , Gerhard Ortwin , Hayden Michael R. , McDermid Richard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Milky Way disk consists of two prominent components—a thick, alpha-rich, low-metallicity component and a thin, metal-rich, low-alpha component. External galaxies have been shown to contain thin- and thick-disk components, but whether distinct components in the [α/Fe]–[Z/H] plane exist in other Milky Way-like galaxies is not yet known. We present Very Large Telescope (VLT)—Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations of UGC 10738, a nearby, edge-on Milky Way-like galaxy. We demonstrate through stellar population synthesis model fitting that UGC 10738 contains alpha-rich and alpha-poor stellar populations with similar spatial distributions to the same components in the Milky Way. We discuss how the finding that external galaxies also contain chemically distinct disk components may act as a significant constraint on the formation of the Milky Way’s own thin and thick disk.