bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
l‐Carnosine Protects Against Deoxynivalenol‐Induced Oxidative Stress in Intestinal Stem Cells by Regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhou Jia‐yi , Lin Hua‐lin , Qin Ying‐chao , Li Xiang‐guang , Gao Chun‐qi , Yan Hui‐chao , Wang Xiu‐qi 
Published: July 2021

ScopeThe intestinal epithelium is nourished by various nutrients and subjected to persistent and widespread feed‐derived mycotoxin stress. l‐Carnosine (LC) possesses robust antioxidant activity; however, its role in protecting intestinal mucosa against deoxynivalenol (DON) is still unclear.Methods and resultsIn this study, 300 mg kg‐1 BW LC and 3 mg kg‐1 BW DON are orally administered to mice either alone or in combination for 10 days to investigate the role of LC in protecting the intestine against DON. This study found that LC alleviates the growth retardation of mice and repairs the damaged jejunal structure and barrier functions under DON exposure. LC rescues the intestinal stem cells (ISCs), increases the growth advantage in enteroids derived from jejunal crypts of mice in each group ex vivo, improves the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal cells, and promotes ISC differentiation into absorptive cells, goblet cells, and Paneth cells. Furthermore, LC activates Nrf2 signaling by binding to Keap1 to reverse the striking DON‐induced increase in ROS levels.ConclusionThe study findings unveil that LC potentiates the antioxidant capacity of ISCs by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, which contributes to the intestinal epithelial regeneration response to DON insult.
New alternatives to single‐use plastics: Starch and chitosan‐graft‐polydimethylsiloxane‐coated paper for water‐ and oil‐resistant applications
Authors: Nair Aditya , Kansal Dhwani , Khan Ajmir , Rabnawaz Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn increase in the environmental and health concerns over fluorochemical‐based, wax‐based, and extrusion‐based paper coatings has led to a growing interest in bio‐based, biodegradable, and repulpable alternatives to obtain water‐ and oil‐repellent coatings. Reported herein is a fluorine‐free, plastic‐free, and cost‐effective water and grease resistant paper coating approach that utilizes blends of corn‐starch (S) and a novel chitosan‐graft‐polydimethylsiloxane (CP) copolymer. The hydrophobic and oleophobic performance of the S/CP‐coated paper was evaluated by varying the ratio of S and CP in the overall blend. The S/CP‐coated papers were observed to have low cobb60 values (water absorptivity) of 13 ± 0.9 g m−2 and an excellent kit rating (oil resistance) of 12/12. The S/CP‐coated paper substrate surface profile was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The repulpability of the coated paper is also demonstrated by washing the coating materials from the paper and recovering the pulp.
Benchmarking preconditioned boundary integral formulations for acoustics
Authors: van 't Wout Elwin , Haqshenas Seyyed R. , Gélat Pierre , Betcke Timo , Saffari Nader 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe boundary element method (BEM) is an efficient numerical method for simulating harmonic wave propagation. It uses boundary integral formulations of the Helmholtz equation at the interfaces of piecewise homogeneous domains. The discretization of its weak formulation leads to a dense system of linear equations, which is typically solved with an iterative linear method such as GMRES. The application of BEM to simulating wave propagation through large‐scale geometries is only feasible when compression and preconditioning techniques reduce the computational footprint. Furthermore, many different boundary integral equations exist that solve the same boundary value problem. The choice of preconditioner and boundary integral formulation is often optimized for a specific configuration, depending on the geometry, material characteristics, and driving frequency. On the one hand, the design flexibility for the BEM can lead to fast and accurate schemes. On the other hand, efficient and robust algorithms are difficult to achieve without expert knowledge of the BEM intricacies. This study surveys the design of boundary integral formulations for acoustics and their acceleration with operator preconditioners. Extensive benchmarks provide valuable information on the computational characteristics of several hundred different models for multiple reflection and transmission of acoustic waves.
“Fairness” in an unequal society: Welfare workers, labor inspectors and the embedded moralities of street‐level bureaucracy in Argentina
Authors: Perelmiter Luisina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article advances a new argument on street‐level bureaucrats’ (SLBs) moral dilemmas in developing countries. Developing countries feature deeper and more pervasive social and economic inequalities than their developed counterparts. They also feature what I call a fragmented stateness: states whose legal and bureaucratic reach is functional and territorially unequal and that also have an ambiguous relationship with their own legality. This macro‐level force shapes daily bureaucratic encounters and SLBs’ moral dilemmas and practices in ways that the literature has not fully grasped. I found that the awareness of this fragmented stateness implies a kind of structural experience of arbitrariness in bureaucratic encounters that makes the exercise of fair judgments in the implementation of policies elusive. I ground my argument in an ethnographic account of bureaucratic encounters in different arenas of the Argentinean social protection system: welfare provision and labor inspection. By reconstructing the connections between fragmented stateness and state workers’ moral dilemmas, this article presents a novel and empirically grounded theoretical argument on an often‐overlooked dimension of collective regulation of conflicts and judgments at the state frontlines.
A comparison of compression molded and additively manufactured short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide‐6 samples and the effect of different infill printing patterns
Authors: Hendlmeier Andreas , Simon Žan , Wickramasingha Y. Athulya , Henderson Luke C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTensile samples were 3D printed using a commercially available 3D printing material, and the same material was pelletized and hot‐pressed. The samples had a 0°, ±45°, and a 90° filling orientation and their tensile modulus and tensile strength of the samples were determined and compared between fabrication methods. A tensile modulus of 7.56 ± 0.35 GPa (0°), 5.10 ± 0.13 GPa (±45°), and 4.05 ± 0.13 GPa (90°) was found, and the same trend was found for the tensile strength, 92.0 ± 9.5 MPa (0°), 63.3 ± 8.3 MPa (±45°), and 58.7 ± 2.2 MPa (90°). The hot‐pressed samples possessed a tensile modulus of 8.13 ± 0.8 GPa and tensile strength of 98.3 ± 6.8 MPa, very similar to that of the 0° printed samples. These results could be attributed to the printing mechanism and poor adhesion between each deposited composite layer was observed, contributing to the depressed properties. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted and the carbon fiber content per weight of the commercially sourced printing material was determined to be 13.9%, and the length of the filaments showed that more than 50% of all measured fragments were between 50 and 150 μm.
A review of coextruded wood–plastic composites
Authors: Wang Huanbo , Zhang Xuefeng , Guo Shiyu , Liu Tian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWood–plastic composites (WPCs) are increasingly broadly applied composites that combine the merits of wood and plastics, such as the renewable, degradable, lightweight, and low‐cost characteristics of wood, and the thermoplasticity, hydrophobicity, and toughness of plastics. However, WPCs also display the disadvantages of the two main components including hydrophilicity and flammability of wood, and weathering degradability, flammability, and thermal expansion of plastics. Coextruded WPCs (Co‐WPCs) are multilayer composites in which regular WPCs are coated with a protective shell layer through coextrusion. The core–shell structure of Co‐WPCs provides a way to overcome the shortcomings of WPCs by modifications specific to the composite surfaces. This review summarizes the studies of Co‐WPCs in terms of their mechanical properties, moisture absorption, weathering, flame resistance, and dimensional stability. It also presents expectations for the further development of Co‐WPCs.
‘First time right’ freeform optics
Authors: Duerr Fabian , Thienpont Hugo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractToday's design of optical systems relies largely on efficient ray tracing and optimization algorithms. Such a ‘step‐and‐repeat’ approach to optical design typically requires considerable experience, intuition, and trial‐and‐error guesswork. Brussels Photonics (B‐PHOT) researchers have developed a design method that allows highly systematic generation and evaluation of directly calculated freeform design solutions and enables a rigorous, extensive, and real‐time evaluation in solution space. Readers have the opportunity for hands‐on freeform design experience via an open‐access web application.
Computer vision tool for detection, mapping, and fault classification of photovoltaics modules in aerial IR videos
Authors: Bommes Lukas , Pickel Tobias , Buerhop‐Lutz Claudia , Hauch Jens , Brabec Christoph , Peters Ian Marius 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreasing deployment of photovoltaics (PV) plants demands for cheap and fast inspection. A viable tool for this task is thermographic imaging by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). In this work, we develop a computer vision tool for the semi‐automatic extraction of PV modules from thermographic UAV videos. We use it to curate a dataset containing 4.3 million IR images of 107,842 PV modules from thermographic videos of seven different PV plants. To demonstrate its use for automated PV plant inspection, we train a ResNet‐50 to classify ten common module anomalies with more than 90% test accuracy. Experiments show that our tool generalizes well to different PV plants. It successfully extracts PV modules from 512 out of 561 plant rows. Failures are mostly due to an inappropriate UAV trajectory and erroneous module segmentation. Including all manual steps our tool enables inspection of 3.5 MWp to 9 MWp of PV installations per day, potentially scaling to multi‐gigawatt plants due to its parallel nature. While we present an effective method for automated PV plant inspection, we are also confident that our approach helps to meet the growing demand for large thermographic datasets for machine learning tasks, such as power prediction or unsupervised defect identification.
DichroWeb, a website for calculating protein secondary structure from circular dichroism spectroscopic data
Authors: Miles Andrew J. , Ramalli Sergio G. , Wallace B. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCircular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a widely‐used method for characterizing the secondary structures of proteins. The well‐established and highly used analysis website, DichroWeb (located at: http://dichroweb.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/html/home.shtml) enables the facile quantitative determination of helix, sheet, and other secondary structure contents of proteins based on their CD spectra. DichroWeb includes a range of reference datasets and algorithms, plus graphical and quantitative methods for determining the quality of the analyses produced. This article describes the current website content, usage and accessibility, as well as the many upgraded features now present in this highly popular tool that was originally created nearly two decades ago.
Comparison of UAV and fixed‐wing aerial application for alfalfa insect pest control: evaluating efficacy, residues, and spray quality
Authors: Li Xuan , Giles D Ken , Andaloro John T , Long Rachael , Lang Edward B , Watson Lawrence J , Qandah Issa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntegrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as a new method of pesticide application into existing commercial crop protection systems requires extensive research and comparison to conventional, proven application technology. Pest control expressed as efficacy against target pests, and spray quality expressed as coverage and chemical residue are three key criteria. We investigated and compared these quantitative parameters between a multi‐rotor UAV and conventional piloted airplanes in two commercial alfalfa production systems.RESULTSEffective and equivalent control of leaf‐feeding insect pests was achieved by both methods of aerial application when delivering chlorantraniliprole at the same labeled use rate in different spray volumes (46.8 and 93.5 L ha–1) on commercially grown alfalfa in California. Residue levels and spray coverage were also comparable and consistent between the UAV and airplane applications across three sampling techniques, specifically residue levels on alfalfa, insecticide recovery from filter paper, and spray coverage on water sensitive cards. Differences in droplet size and deposit characteristics were more variable for the UAV than airplanes based on analysis of deposition images.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study provide confidence supporting the use of small‐scale multi‐rotor UAVs for pesticide application on agricultural crops. According to the parameters tested, UAV application quality and crop protection performance were comparable to that of the conventional fixed wing airplane application. However, the droplet spectrum and the short‐term fate of droplets from unmanned aerial spray system require further optimization for effective and efficient crop protection with minimal risk to the environment.
A subaqueous soil‐landscape conceptual model to guide soil survey in Chesapeake Bay subestuaries
Authors: Wessel Barret M. , Rabenhorst Martin C. , Needelman Brian A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRhodeRiver, a subestuary on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay, contains a diverse array of subaqueous soils that range from submerged paleosols to fine‐textured fluid soils and organic soils. A subaqueous soil survey was completed for the Rhode River subestuary by collecting bathymetric data, delineating landforms, and sampling and describing soils across the submerged landscape. Soil map units were developed by correlating soil properties and taxonomic classification with delineated landforms, resulting in the development of seven proposed soil series corresponding to new soil map units. Geologic maps and other supporting information about the dominant factors of soil formation in this landscape were used with the soil survey of Rhode River to develop a conceptual subaqueous soil‐landscape model of soil genesis to explain the origin and distribution of soils in Rhode River. This is the first time that a subaqueous soil‐landscape model has been developed for the flooded river valley geomorphic setting of Chesapeake Bay, and it will assist subaqueous soil surveys in other western shore Chesapeake Bay subestuaries and similar environmental settings where upland environments have been or are currently submerging.
Pseudo‐Periodically Coupling NiO Lattice with CeO Lattice in Ultrathin Heteronanowire Arrays for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Yang Hongyuan , Dai Guoliang , Chen Ziliang , Wu Jie , Huang Hui , Liu Yang , Shao Mingwang , Kang Zhenhui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTransition metal oxides (TMOs) have been under the spotlight as promising precatalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. However, the slow and incomplete self‐reconstruction from TMOs to (oxy)hydroxides as well as the formed (oxy)hydroxides with unmodified electronic structure gives rise to the inferior OER performance to the noble metal oxide ones. Herein, a unique dual metal oxides lattice coupling strategy is proposed to fabricate carbon cloth‐supported ultrathin nanowires arrays, which are composed of pseudo‐periodically welded NiO with CeO2 nanocrystals (NiO/CeO2 NW@CC). When served as an OER precatalyst in 1.0 m KOH, the NiO/CeO2 NW@CC shows an ultralow overpotential of 330 mV at 50 mA cm−2, along with an impressive cycle durability of more than 3 days even at 50 mA cm−2, surpassing CC‐supported NiO and commercial IrO2 catalysts. The combined experimental and theoretical investigations unveil that the atomic coupling of CeO2 can not only appreciably trigger the generation of oxygen vacancies and expedite phase transformation of NiO into active NiOOH, but also in situ create a chemical bond with the formed NiOOH and enable the electron injection, thus effectively inhibiting the aggregation of the accessible NiOOH nanodomains and optimizing their reaction free energy towards oxygen‐containing intermediates.
Aspects of albendazole metabolism in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) compared to humans and other species assessed by HPLC, LC‐MS, and chiral electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Theurillat Regula , Stirnimann Guido , Wenker Christian , Hoby Stefan , Thormann Wolfgang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe benzimidazole anthelmintic drug albendazole becomes metabolized to chiral albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone, albendazole 2‐aminosulfone, and other metabolites. High‐performance liquid chromatography with UV absorbance and fluorescence detection, liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, and chiral electrokinetic chromatography were used to analyze albendazole metabolites in extracts of western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) plasma of patients with alveolar echinococcosis and the data are compared to those obtained with human patient samples and to those reported for other species in the literature. The data revealed that the albendazole sulfoxide to albendazole sulfone concentration ratio in gorilla plasma is significantly smaller compared to that in samples of men, rats, dogs, and cattle. It is, however, similar to what was observed in sheep and goats. The (+)‐albendazole sulfoxide to (−)‐albendazole sulfoxide enantiomeric ratio in gorilla blood determined by chiral electrokinetic chromatography was found to be >1 which is comparable to what was observed in humans, dogs, sheep, goats, and cattle but different to mice and rats. Furthermore, the electrokinetic chromatography data suggest that small amounts of albendazole 2‐aminosulfone may be present in plasma of gorillas and humans. The data gathered with the various separation‐based assays illustrate the value of technology featuring different analyte separation and detection principles. This is the first account describing aspects of the albendazole metabolism in gorillas.
Development and Optimization of Biofilms Made from Potato or Arracacha Starch
Authors: Lescano María , Vásquez Nerli , Tarrillo Silvia , Yoplac Ives , Velásquez‐Barreto Frank F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArracacha starch and potato starch are alternatives to synthetic polymers as starting materials for the production of biofilms. Herein, we determined the optimal concentrations of glycerol and potato or arracacha starch to obtain biofilms with high whiteness, transparency value (TV), and elastic modulus (E). Central composite design with the response surface methodology and desirability function are used to optimize the concentration of starch and glycerol. The biofilms are formed by the casting method using gelatinized starch suspensions (3–5%) mixed with glycerol (1–3%). The solubility and swelling power differences of the potato and arracacha starches indicated differences in the starch structures, which affected the properties of the biofilms. The potato and arracacha biofilms with the same starch and glycerol concentrations exhibited different TV and E. Linear effects, quadratics, and the interaction of the starch and glycerol have significant effects on the whiteness, TV, and E of the potato and arracacha biofilms (p < 0.05). The coefficient of variation for the obtained models is >0.98%. The optimal conditions determined using the desirability function are 5% starch and 1.02% glycerol for potato biofilms and 5% starch and 1% glycerol for arracacha starch biofilms.
Reliability‐based layout optimization in offshore wind energy systems
Authors: Clark Caitlyn E. , Barter Garrett , Shaler Kelsey , DuPont Bryony 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExisting methods for optimizing wind array layouts typically use power or cost objectives and rarely consider reliability‐based objectives. Component and system failure rates, however, are dependent on location‐specific wind conditions, are influenced by array layout and wake interactions, and have a direct and significant impact on capital costs, operational costs, and power production. Although wind power plant models exist that calculate wind loads with sufficient resolution to capture component loading dynamics from wind conditions, they are computationally expensive and thus not suitable for research applications requiring many evaluations, particularly optimization. This study describes the development of computationally efficient, reliability‐based layout optimization methods, enabling us to explore the relationship between component reliability and layout optimization. These methods include the surrogate modeling of the planet bearing life based on varying wind conditions simulated in FAST.Farm and the formulation of reliability‐based objectives based on failure cost and power production models. Through demonstration of this method, we explore how wind conditions, objective functions, and capacity density influence reliability‐based layout optimization. Results indicate that considering reliability alongside power production can reduce failure costs associated with replacement costs and downtime whilemaintaining or improving power production. Our conclusions highlight the opportunity for wind power plant developers to integrate reliability and operational expenditures alongside performance and capital expenditure objectives in plant design and development to improve plant performance and costs.
Integration of coagulation and ozonation with flat‐sheet ceramic membrane filtration for shale gas hydraulic fracturing wastewater treatment: A laboratory study
Authors: Song Tiantian , Fu Wanyi , Liu Shaohui , Zhang Xihui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe performance of the integrated process of coagulation and ozonation with ceramic membrane filtration was evaluated for the treatment of shale gas hydraulic fracturing flowback wastewater (HFFW). The removal efficiencies of carbon oxygen demand (CODCr), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), petroleum oils, and turbidity in effluent by the combined process were 87.1%, 72.2%, 94.3%, and 99.6%, respectively. Compared with sole membrane filtration, the transmembrane pressure (TMP) of ceramic membrane filtration was reduced by >99% with the integrated process. The coagulation and ozonation can effectively remove the organics with high molecular weights in the cake layer of ceramic membrane. To the best of our knowledge, this work proposed the combined process of coagulation, ozonation, and flat‐sheet ceramic membrane filtration for the treatment of HFFW for the first time. The water quality of the effluent met the discharge standard (Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard GB8978‐1996). The findings can provide an important technical foundation for the innovation of integrated equipment for HFFW treatment.Practitioner points

An integrated process combining coagulation and ozonation with flat‐sheet ceramic membrane ultrafiltration for the treatment of shale gas wastewater.
The water quality of this integrated process met the discharge standard.
Coagulation and ozonation effectively alleviated the membrane fouling related to organics with high molecular weights.
A new avenue for on‐site treatment of shale gas wastewater and an alternative of the current centralized wastewater management.