bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Acceleration Performance on Throughput and Trip Time of Passenger Trains in High Density Corridors
Authors: Strong Philip M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Studies continue to indicate that acceleration performance has a significant influence on limiting throughput (maximum number of trains per hour per track) and trip time, in service with high density and/or close station spacing.
This paper investigates the influence of horsepower per ton, tractive effort per lb., and maximum speed on throughput and trip time.
The paper presents a methodology which can be used to determine performance (throughput and trip time) as functions of horsepower per ton, tractive effort per lb. and maximum speed. Results are presented, using this methodology, which represent a range of typical operations. Limits on available adhesion, and on practical limits on horsepower per ton achievable with today’s technology and infrastructure, are recognized in the examples.
Effects of Production Variables on Stress-Strain Behavior of Glass/Epoxy Textile Composites in Compression Molding
Authors: Adanur Sabit , Onal Levent 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The production parameters of glass-reinforced composites have a significant effect on the tensile properties of the material. The effects of manufacturing characteristics such as molding time, molding temperature, molding pressure and mixing ratio of epoxy resin and curing agent on stress and strain values of the composites were examined at the same volume fraction ratio.
Structural Design Applications of the Two-Branch Tournament Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Crossley William A. , Fanjoy David W. , Beaver Angela K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The two-branch tournament Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a population-based search technique that generates a large number of designs to approximate the Pareto-optimal set of designs for problems with two objectives. The two-branch GA can accommodate problems with a mix of discrete and continuous design variables and problems with discontinuous and/or multimodal objectives. The two-branch GA was applied to several multiobjective structural design problems: a ten-bar truss, Golinski’s speed reducer, a multi-material ten-bar truss, and a stiffened composite panel. Where possible, GA results were compared to traditional multiobjective optimization results. The two-branch GA appears to have advantages over traditional approaches for problems with non-smooth Pareto fronts and / or combined variable types. The studies led to conclusions about the two-branch GA for multiobjective structural design.
Optimum Design of Turbomachinery Components: A System Based Design
Authors: Nagendra Somanath 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The advent of incredibly fast, increased memory computational systems enable a very systematic design integration of complex engineering modules using an integrated system based approach. Rapid turn-around time for investigating new design concepts is a primary force driving design productivity initiatives across industry. A system based integration focusing on tools for rapid design automation and preliminary design, (e.g. Closed Form Solutions, Response Surfaces, Approximate Numerical Models etc), finite element analysis coupled with optimization methods are needed.
Numerical design algorithms (e.g. Sensitivity analysis methods, Feasible Direction methods, Genetic Algorithms, Simulated Annealing, Gradient based Algorithms etc.) at the preliminary and detailed design stages, would ensure higher quality designs from the beginning of the product design cycle. Resulting reliable, robust optimum designs from the preliminary design phase would enable to reduce the overall design cycle time.
Large-scale engineering systems (like the gas turbine See Figure. 1) often involve many disciplines which are either loosely or tightly coupled to each other due to the multidisciplinary nature of the interactions. Designers have long recognized the need to decompose such systems into a set of smaller more tractable disciplines. This decomposition is usually based either on engineering disciplines or mathematical models governing the system. Narayan et al. [1] developed a multi-disciplinary design optimization procedure for the design of the aerodynamic shape of turbine blades for enhanced performance using shape optimization techniques.
A multidisciplinary design optimization procedure for thin-walled high temperature components has been developed and demonstrated on different components Aerodynamic, heat transfer, structural and modal design objectives are integrated along with various constraint on the blade geometry for multidisciplinary shape optimization. The average blade temperature, maximum blade temperature and the blade weight are minimized with aerodynamic, structural, modal and geometric constraints. A methodology for performing mechanical design of turbine blade components is developed and tested.
Chaotic Motions in Resonant Separatrix Bands of a Parametrically Excited Pendulum
Authors: Luo Albert C. J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The analytical conditions for the presence of primary (2M:1)-librational and (M:1)-rotational, resonant bands in a parametrically excited pendulum are obtained. The energy increment spectrum method is also developed for the numerical prediction of a specific primary resonant band. Illustrations of the analytical and numerical results for the appearance and destruction of the resonant bands are given for a comparison.
A Study on Boundary Integral Equation for Acoustic Radiation From Axisymmetric Bodies
Authors: Liu G. R. , Cai C. , Zheng H. , Lam K. Y. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A technique named the RDT (Reproduction of Diagonal Terms) is presented to improve the accuracy and the reliability of Conventional Boundary Integral Equation (CBIE) applied to acoustic radiation from axisymmetric bodies. In CBIE, the higher order singular integral is eliminated by placing a fabricated point source inside the boundary. Numerical results for a spherical structure show that the accuracy is obviously raised up to 10 times at higher frequency upon use of the RDT method, and the CHIEF and improved Burton & Miller methods can work with the technique presented in a wide frequency range with better accuracy.
FEM/BEM Simulation of Vibroacoustics of a Fluid-Loaded, Stiffened Plate Under Combined Force-Moment Excitation
Authors: Zheng H. , Cai C. , Liu G. R. , Lam K. Y. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A numerical simulation of structural vibration and acoustic radiation is presented for a finite, fluid-loaded plate reinforced with two sets of orthotropic stiffeners. The attempt is to achieve a physical understanding of the dynamic behaviour and especially the acoustic radiation of the stiffened plate under combined force and moment excitations. Finite element method (FEM) is employed for calculation of the in-vacuo normal modes of the stiffened plate. The coupled modes with a heavy fluid (water), vibration response and acoustic radiation of the plate under given force and/or moment excitation are calculated using boundary element method (BEM). Numerical simulation results are detailed to address the significance of moment in combined force-moment excitations and, more importantly, the cancelling of the combined excitation in both structural vibration response and the associated acoustic radiation into the surrounding fluid.
Adaptive Learning Algorithm for Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller: Neural Network Based Hybrid-Type Controller—Part I
Authors: Abdelhameed Magdy Mohamed , Cetinkunt Sabri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) is a useful neural network learning technique. It was developed two decades ago but yet lacks an adequate learning algorithm, especially when it is used in a hybrid- type controller. This work is intended to introduce a simulation study for examining the performance of a hybrid-type control system based on the conventional learning algorithm of CMAC neural network. This study showed that the control system is unstable. Then a new adaptive learning algorithm of a CMAC based hybrid- type controller is proposed. The main features of the proposed learning algorithm, as well as the effects of the newly introduced parameters of this algorithm have been studied extensively via simulation case studies. The simulation results showed that the proposed learning algorithm is a robust in stabilizing the control system. Also, this proposed learning algorithm preserved all the known advantages of the CMAC neural network. Part II of this work is dedicated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed CMAC learning algorithm experimentally.
Multi-Sensor Fusion for Robot Positioning Based on Dempster-Shafer Methods
Authors: Qu Weidong , Jing Zhongliang , Xi Yugeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a high-performance positioning module for the mobile robot. The mobile robot is equipped with the internal and external sensors. Internal sensors are the acceleration gyroscopes. The positioning system makes use of the features of the external sensors to improve its performance: laser rangefinder ultrasonic sensors and video sensors, which were originally designed for mapping and obstacle avoidance modules, the positioning modules has demonstrated the system to work successfully in complex and uncertainty environments.
Effect of Curved Boundaries of an Intravenous Membrane Oxygenator on the Fluid Dynamics and Mass Transfer Characteristics
Authors: Guzmán Amador M. , Escobar Rodrigo A. , Amon Cristina H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Intravenous Membrane Oxygentor (IMO) device is an artificial respirator being developed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) with the objective of providing up to 50% of the O2 and CO2 exchange requirements to patients with the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) [1-4]. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments and computational simulations at the UPMC and Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), respectively, have been carried out to get a better understanding of the flow and mass transfer characteristics of the IMO [3,4, 7-11]. Numerically obtained pressure drop, for stationary and pulsating balloon conditions, presents a good agreement with the in-vitro experiments [4, 11]. The effect of the balloon pulsation on the flow pattern and mass transfer has also been investigated. Numerical results with a stationary balloon demonstrate a laminar flow regime with no secondary flows [10-11]. These results have indicated that the pulsating balloon generates a 3D oscillatory flow with a strong secondary flow that could increase the flow mixing and the mass transfer rate near the fibers [9-10]. These simulations however, have not considered the curvature of both the fibers and balloon and their effect on the flow mixing and mass transfer characteristics. This article reports numerical investigations of the effect of the curved shape of the balloon on the flow and oxygen transfer pattern of the IMO device shown in Fig. 1(a), for stationary and pulsating balloon regimes.
Delivery of Plasmid DNA Through Intratumoral Infusion and Electroporation
Authors: Yuan Fan , Zaharoff David , Zhang Xiao-Yu , Lohr Frank , Dewhirst Mark W. , Li Chuan-Yuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigated DNA transport in the interstitial space and across cell membrane facilitated by intratumoral infusion and in vivo electroporation, respectively. In the study, a rat fibrosarcoma was perfused ex vivo, and apparent hydraulic conductivity (Kapp) was quantified under different perfusion conditions. In addition, three plasmid DNA vectors were infused into solid tumors. Immediately after infusion, tumors were treated with or without electric pulses. Gene expression and tumor growth delay were determined at different time points after electroporation. We found that Kapp was very sensitive to the perfusion pressure, presumably due to perfusion-induced tissue deformation. Treatment of tumors with electric pulse facilitated gene expression in vivo. The growth of tumors treated with plasmid DNA encoding interleukin 12 (IL-12) and electric pulses was slower than those treated with IL-12 or electric pulses alone. These data suggest that gene delivery in solid tumors could be improved significantly through combination of intratumoral infusion and in vivo electroporation.
Experimental Investigation of Pressure and Velocity on Chemical Mechanical Planarization
Authors: Tsai Jhy-Cherng , Tsai Mingyi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chemical-mechanical planarization or polishing (CMP) is an emerging process used in surface planarization and polishing for semiconducter wafer with multilevel interconnections. This paper investigates the effects of polishing pressure and velocity on the material removal rate (RR) and the non-uniformity (NU) in the CMP process. Wear models for CMP process from mechanical aspect, including abrasive-based model and flow-based model, are first discussed. Experiments using different polishing pressures, velocities, and back pressures are then designed and conducted based on the Taguchi method. Experimental results showed that RR and NU are consistent with theoretical models in a certain range. Both RR and NU increase as polishing speed increases. As RR and NU also increase with the polishing pressure at low pressure, their values become saturated and then decrease when the pressure exceeds certain value. It further verified that NU can be improved using proper back pressure as predicted by the flow-based wear model.
Cooling Technique for Outdoor Electronic Enclosures Using Phase Change Materials
Authors: Hadim Hamid A. , Mehmedagic Igbal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A theoretical study is conducted to investigate a new cooling technique for thermal management of outdoor telecommunication equipment enclosures. The technique consists of using a phase change material (PCM) combined with a heat sink to dissipate the heat to the ambient. The main advantages of using the PCM include: fully passive technique with no maintenance, no power is required, and relatively low cost. The use of the PCM for more effective thermal management of electronic enclosures is investigated for both the high end cooling (i.e. when the enclosure is exposed to high ambient temperatures) and the low end cooling (i.e. when the enclosure is exposed to very low ambient temperatures). The results from this preliminary theoretical study showed that with the use of a moderate amount of a properly selected PCM combined with the heat sink, the temperature within the enclosure can be maintained within the specified operating range. Potential applications with the use of the PCM include: peak load usage (e.g. during high communications traffic periods), extreme ambient conditions, reduced temperature fluctuations (to improve reliability), and more efficient implementation in smaller size enclosures.
A New Kalman Filter Design for Beat-to-Beat, Continuous Arterial Blood Presure Estimation
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yang Boo-Ho , Asada Harry H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new technique of designing a Kalman filter for beat-to-beat arterial pressure estimation, based on observable/unobservable subspace decomposition. This method provides an approach to design a Kalman filter for ill-conditioned systems, whose overall state spaces are not observable but the variables of interest can be reconstructed from observable subspace, such as the arterial hemodynamic system used for continuous blood pressure monitoring. Thereafter, a low-order Kalman filter is designed for the observable subspace to estimate the variables, such as the peripheral blood pressure. Extensive experiments are conducted and the results are compared with the measurement from a FDA approved arterial tonometer to verify this method.
Dynamic Analysis and Control System Development for a Laboratory Wind Tunnel
Authors: Kim Dean H. , Morris Martin J. , Leja Greg M. , Scarlata Tyler R. , Wylie Stephen R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the dynamic modeling and control system development to maintain a constant air speed in the test section of a laboratory wind tunnel. The previous manual operation procedure of this wind tunnel during a typical test with multiple operating conditions had been tedious and awkward at best. The wind tunnel system dynamics have been accurately characterized using single-input, single output (SISO) experimental step responses for specified operating conditions. The implementation of the subsequent control system has improved performance such that this wind tunnel system now can be used like a commercial wind tunnel and both as a classroom instruction tool and as a research tool. This work has been performed by an undergraduate team for the two-semester capstone design course for the Mechanical Engineering Department at Bradley University. This project incorporates many aspects of a mechanical engineer’s education such as mechanical design, sensor selection, software mastery, dynamic analysis, and feedback control implementation. This project also crosses traditional mechanical engineering boundaries because of its connection to the fields of fluid dynamics, system dynamics, and control systems.
Innovative Dynamic Systems and Control Laboratory Experiments Utilizing Fluid Power
Authors: Alleyne Andrew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the development and usage of a unique educational facility housed in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. The laboratory described is focused on the general subject area of Dynamic Systems and Controls. The particular technology utilized in the laboratory is Fluid Power; the transmission and control of energy via pressurized liquids or gas. This paper briefly describes the physical description of many of the laboratory components. An overview of 2 typical Dynamics Systems and Control experiments are given to emphasize the pedagogical value of this type of laboratory activity over other common exercises in the Dynamic Systems and Control educational field. Finally, this work describes the integration of the Fluid Power Lab into the College-wide Controls Laboratory Network at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
Multisensor Integration and Fusion Model That Uses a Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Wang Kaihong , Ray Probir Kumar , Mahajan Ajay 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this work is the development of an intelligent multisensor integration and fusion model that uses fuzzy logic. Measurement data from different types of sensors with different resolutions is integrated and fused together based on the confidence in them derived from information not typically used in traditional data fusion methods. Examples of such information are operating temperature, frequency range, fatigue cycles, etc. These are fed as additional inputs to a fuzzy inference system (FIS) that has predefined membership functions for each of these variables. The output of the FIS are weights that are assigned to the different sensor measurement data that reflect the confidence in the sensor’s behavior and performance. A modular approach is adopted for the data fusion system. It allows adding or deleting a sensor, along with its fuzzy logic controller (FLC), anytime without affecting the entire data fusion system. This paper presents a preliminary model that fuses the data from three different types of sensors that monitor the strain at a single location in a cantilever beam. This will be later extended to sensors that will be fixed at different locations on the same beam. The resulting model will then be tested on a sub-scale composite bridge for a smart structural health monitoring system. The results from the proposed work are a stepping stone towards the development of generic autonomous sensor models that are capable of data interpretation, self-calibration, data fusion from other sources and even learning so as to improve their performance with time.
Optimal Backstepping Control of a VR Spherical Motor
Authors: Lee Kok-Meng , Sosseh Raye 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper considers the control of a variable reluctance (VR) spherical motor that offers some unique features by combining the roll, pitch and yaw motion in a single joint. The 3-DOF VR motor has multiple independent inputs, and the output torque is direction varying and orientation-dependent and as a result, the control for such a motor is significantly more challenging than the single-axis motor. We formulate a new three-degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF) VR motor control design tool using backstepping, where the inputs are optimized to achieve minimum total energy consumed. The torque has been derived as a linear combination of the square of the input currents, a form computationally friendlier than its quadratic counterpart for real-time implementation. The overall stability of the system is shown using Lyapunov techniques. Simulation results are illustrated to show the performance of the controller.
Reducing Operator Induced Machine Vibration Using a Complex Pole/Zero Prefilter
Authors: Ingram Grant A. , Franchek Matthew A. , Chiu George T.-C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A systematic prefilter design process for reducing operator induced rigid body vibrations of rubber tire mounted machines is presented. The contribution of this work is the development of a systematic prefilter design process and interpretation of the results. The class of equipment considered in this work are those machines having rigid body main frame vibrations dominated by linear dynamics. The reduction of machine vibrations is accomplished through the design of prefilters that reduce the machine resonant frequencies from the operator commands. The machine information required for the design process includes the bandwidth of the electro-hydraulic (E/H) valves and rigid body resonant frequencies of the machine mainframe. The pre-specified performance in the design process is the desired attenuation of machine resonant frequencies, i.e. the acceptable level of machine vibration. The design methodology has been applied to a telescopic boom lift to illustrate the procedure and the effectiveness of the design.
Robot Task Planning Using First-Order Logic
Authors: Yan Lei , Krishnamurthy K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Task planning for a robot operating in an unknown environment using first-order logic is considered in this study. The approach is to use one agent to simulate the robot and a second agent to simulate the environment. Both agents employ knowledge bases and an inference engine. The rules for the knowledge bases are developed using first-order logic and the inference method is based on hyper-resolution. A weighting scheme is used by the robot to decide on the action to be taken. After enough domain information is obtained, a task planner, which is also based on rules, is employed. Simulation results validating the methodology are presented for a robot moving inside a warehouse with four rooms. In this example, the environment is initially unknown to the robot. But after mapping the environment, the robot can efficiently plan tasks such as moving an object from one room to another.