bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What should tourism observatories be doing? Identifying key success drivers
Authors: García-Altmann Sara , Hernández-Martín Raúl , Padrón-Ávila Hugo 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to carry out an analysis of the key factors that influence the performance of tourism observatories, understanding performance as the degree of fulfilment of its objectives.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative research approach, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 16 international experts from diverse backgrounds and different countries. This was complemented by a thorough literature review to validate experts’ insights.

Findings
Interviews identify 15 success factors supported by literature on evidence-based decision-making from both tourism and other related fields. Results underscore the significance of effective knowledge communication, adopting a user-oriented approach, and proactive stakeholder engagement as the three main factors improving observatory performance.

Research limitations/implications
While the findings offer insights, they are based on expert opinions and may not fully capture the complex, context-specific dynamics of tourism observatories across different destinations. Further research could involve case studies to explore these dynamics contextualised in tourism destinations.

Practical implications
This study offers guidance for both existing and emerging tourism observatories to enhance operational efficiency. Focusing on improving these critical factors could prevent failure, and, conversely, increase the observatorys’ effectiveness and usefulness for destination stakeholders.

Originality/value
The analysis of tourism observatories has not received enough attention in previous tourism literature. This research fills a significant gap in understanding how observatories can better serve as instrumental tools for sustainable tourism management and stakeholders decision-making.
Innovation in small and micro family firms: disadvantages and opportunities
Authors: Choi Yoonhee , Klein Kenji , Yan Jun 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the innovation in small and micro family firms, in comparison to that of small and micro nonfamily firms, and the organizational characteristics that could enhance innovation in these firms.Design/methodology/approachWe collected survey data from 215 small and micro business owner-managers in the United States and tested our hypotheses using ordinary least squares regressions.FindingsWe find that small family firms are less innovative than small nonfamily firms. However, our results suggest that small family firms can still enhance their innovation by cultivating a more collaborative organizational culture where bottom-level and non-family employees can participate in business decisions. Further, we find that while having an organic organizational design helps small firms be more innovative, the positive effect of organic design on small family firms’ innovation is not as strong as its effect on small nonfamily firms’ innovation.Originality/valueThis paper offers a unique and nuanced examination of innovation in family firms by narrowing down the scope to small and micro firms. Moreover, the paper investigated the drivers of innovation in small businesses and how these drivers enhance/decrease innovation in small family firms. Our findings suggest that the paths for more innovation are different for small family and nonfamily firms.
“The community supporting the community … that’s where its strength is”: exploring the contemporary position of Neighbourhood Watch in the United Kingdom
Authors: Pepper Melissa , Bullock Karen 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Neighbourhood Watch is a voluntary movement which brings people together with the aim of creating safer, stronger and more active communities. This paper aims to explore the contemporary position of Neighbourhood Watch in the UK through three key themes: the focus of Neighbourhood Watch schemes and how this extends beyond crime; Neighbourhood Watch membership and efforts to expand this beyond traditional residential boundaries; and the operation of Neighbourhood Watch, with a particular focus on technology-enabled methods.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws on data generated through interviews with key stakeholders working in the field of Neighbourhood Watch (n = 7) and interviews (n = 7) and two focus groups with Watch volunteers (n = 5) in the United Kingdom (UK).

Findings
Findings highlight aspects of Neighbourhood Watch that have remained the same – most notably the initial “roots” of schemes which have always looked beyond crime to tackle issues of health and well-being. In addition, issues of scale and diversity continue to present challenges within membership. However, there have also been changes, in particular the use of technology and moves to a model which offers more flexibility in terms of Neighbourhood Watch membership.

Originality/value
Findings position contemporary Neighbourhood Watch as a responsive and adaptable model; however, they also highlight how this must operate alongside traditional face-to-face, in-person methods to achieve meaningful community engagement.
Ultrasonic Differentiation Between Two Species of Chinese Pygmy Dormice (Genus Typhlomys) With Support for the Size‐Signal Allometry Hypothesis
Authors: Qian Qian , Li Juncheng , Fu Mengqing , Zou Mingjiang , Tian Tian , Yan Yimei , Newman Chris , Zou Dahu , Zhou Youbing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe genus Typhlomys comprises six species that all exhibit exceptional climbing agility in arboreal habitats, of which five have been established to use ultrasonic echolocation in the 80–120‐kHz frequency range to navigate among tree branches. Here, we investigated the ultrasonic vocalizations of the remaining and recently recognized species, T. fengjiensis, and compared its ultrasonic and morphological traits with its sibling species T. daloushanensis. Both species produced frequency‐modulated (FM) ultrasonic calls that lacked harmonic structure, consistent with echolocating calls established for other members of this genus Typhlomys. This FM echolocation call structure is well‐adapted to navigating along branches in dense foliage conditions in the forest understory. Importantly, however, the specific call structures of T. fengjiensis and T. daloushanensis exhibited significantly different ultrasonic characteristics, with different numbers of pulse groups, in support of phonic speciation. T. fengjiensis was on average larger than T. daloushanensis and vocalized at a lower frequency and for a longer duration, in support of the signal‐size allometry hypothesis. Furthermore, T. fengjiensis has the lowest ultrasonic call frequency among Typhlomys spp., corresponding with it being the largest member of this genus. Bergmann's law does not provide a compelling explanation of the body mass differences between T. fengjiensis and T. daloushanensis, due to the likely overlap in their elevational distribution. Further research is needed to establish if differences in habitat selection and diet, or differences in social and reproductive behavior, might best explain this local species divergence based on phonic traits.
Decreased blood pressure with acute administration of quercetin in L‐NAME‐induced hypertensive rats
Authors: Mkhize Siluleko A. , Nthlane Refentshe A. , Xhakaza Sanelisiwe P. , Verhaert Peter D. , Baijnath Sooraj , Millen Aletta M. E. , Michel Frederic S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractQuercetin is known to reduce blood pressure (BP); however, its acute effects are unclear. We investigated the acute effects of quercetin on BP, aortic mechanical properties and vascular reactivity in female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Hypertension was induced using L‐NAME (40 mg/kg/day). Quercetin (4.5 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. Mechanical properties of the aortae were measured by echo‐tracking in normotensive and hypertensive rats. L‐NAME and quercetin quantities in the aorta were determined using AP‐MALDI‐MSI. Vascular reactivity was performed in mesenteric and renal arteries. L‐NAME increased BP and PWVβ while decreasing strain. Quercetin decreased BP and ameliorated PWVβ in L‐NAME‐induced hypertensive rats. Ex vivo, the acetylcholine (ACh)‐induced increase in tension at 100 μM was reduced in renal arteries when exposed to quercetin while phenylephrine (Phe)‐induced contractile response was augmented. In quiescent rings of renal arteries incubated with L‐NAME (10 μM) and TRAM‐34 (1 μM), the ACh‐induced vasoconstrictions were inhibited by quercetin. Quercetin resulted in concentration‐dependent vasodilation in mesenteric arteries and increased its sensitivity to ACh‐induced relaxations. Quercetin lowered BP in L‐NAME‐induced hypertensive rats, likely due to changes in aortic mechanical properties and relaxation of resistance arteries. Further research is warranted to clarify the acute effects of quercetin on renal arteries in this hypertensive model.
What participants are told about receiving trial results when they consent to participate in a trial
Authors: Dal‐Ré Rafael , Caplan Arthur L. , Holm Søren , Sofat Reecha , Stephens Richard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn a 2022 consultation, the UK public highlighted the need to disseminate trial results to participants. We assess whether the information provided to trial participants in publicly available participant information sheets (PISs) of trials conducted in the UK is helpful for future trials. This cross‐sectional study is based on a search conducted on 18 August 2023 on ClinicalTrials.gov looking for UK completed or terminated phase 2–4 medicine trials. The posted PIS (or the protocol, if the PIS was unavailable) were reviewed checking the text used to inform participants on how results will be disseminated to participants. Of the 48 records retrieved, 32 were included: 23 and 9 had the PIS or the protocol posted, respectively. Seven (22%) did not mention dissemination of results to participants. Thirteen (41%) used the same short “common, standard text” of four sentences to inform participants. This text mentioned ClinicalTrials.gov as the source for further information and US Law as the reason for it. Twelve (38%) used different texts with different scopes and lengths. These results showed that publicly available PISs of medicinal product trials conducted in the UK are very limited and of scarce utility for investigators aiming to start a new trial.
Trade Unions and Life Satisfaction in Germany
Authors: Becker Björn , Goerke Laszlo , Huang Yue 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe effects of trade union membership on wages and job satisfaction have been studied extensively. Arguably, life satisfaction serves as a more comprehensive measure of the benefits of union membership and warrants closer examination. Using all relevant waves from the German Socio‐Economic Panel between 1985 and 2019, we find a negative correlation between trade union membership and life satisfaction in OLS and FE specifications. The association may arise because union members are more concerned about their job and the economic situation and less satisfied with their work. Social capital and wages also perform as channels between membership and life satisfaction. The negative correlation is more pronounced in settings in which trade unions are relatively weak.
Mollugin Derivatives as Anti‐Inflammatory Agents: Design, Synthesis, and NF‐κB Inhibition
Authors: Gao Yuan‐Liang , Li Ming‐Yue , Wang Da‐Yuan , Jin Shi‐Ang , Ma Xin‐Yu , Jin Xue‐Jun , Piao Hu‐Ri 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) is a key inducible transcription factor that controls a large number of genes involved in inflammatory and immune processes. The entire inflammation‐mediated process uses NF‐κB as a hub, and inflammatory gene transcription and expression can be decreased by blocking the NF‐κB signaling pathway, thereby reducing inflammatory damage. Therefore, the inhibition of this pathway is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of various types of inflammation. Here, we designed and synthesized 27 mollugin derivatives and evaluated the anti‐inflammatory activity against NF‐κB transcription. Most of the compounds exhibited potent anti‐inflammatory activity, and compound 5k was the most potent with 81.77% inhibition after intraperitoneal administration, which was significantly more potent than mollugin (49.72%), ibuprofen (47.51%), and mesalazine (47.24%). Investigation of the mechanism of action indicated that 5k down‐regulated NF‐κB expression, possibly by suppressing LPS‐induced expression of the p65 protein. ADMET prediction analysis indicated that compounds 5h and 5k showed good pharmacokinetic properties. The relationship between the structures of the synthesized compounds and the NF‐κB inhibitory activity was rationalized using molecular docking simulation experiments. Overall, these results provide an initial basis for the development of 5h and 5k as potential anti‐inflammatory agents.
Preschool Vision Screening and Policy: Availability, Awareness and Perceptions of Stakeholders in Selected Locations in Harare and Mashonaland East Provinces
Authors: Koomson Vanessa Ama Asifuaba , Mtuwa Claudio Ngoni , Kyei Samuel , Kwarteng Michael Agyemang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the availability, awareness and perceptions of preschool vision screening (PSVS) and policies among stakeholders in Zimbabwe.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional survey was carried out, and a multi‐stage sampling was used to select the schools from private and public schools. The study involved stakeholders (parents/guardians, teachers, principals, proprietors/owners and administrators) and data was collected using a validated questionnaire.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 36.68 ± 7.84 years. Out of the 213 stakeholders, 83.1% had not heard of PSVS. Among the 36 (16.9%) who had heard of PSVS, 20 (55.6%) were female. Some (1.9%) of the participants had a policy written in their facilities for PSVS. Awareness of PSVS was significantly associated with the respondents' designation and experience with children (p < 0.05). Support for PSVS was high, with 83.1% in favour, although 13.6% were undecided about implementing it. Support for PSVS was high, with 83.1% in favour, although 13.6% were undecided about implementing it in all schools. Overall, 55.9% of the respondents were prepared to consider PSVS as a mandatory part of the admission process.ConclusionFew stakeholders are aware of PSVS while majority had a positive perception in Harare and Mashonaland East provinces, and the schools had no written policies on PSVS. The findings of this study should provide a blueprint for stakeholders regarding PSVS.
Longitudinal Associations Between Movement Behaviours and Development Among Infants Using Compositional Data Analysis
Authors: Carson Valerie , Zhang Zhiguang , Boyd Madison , Pritchard Lesley , Hesketh Kylie D. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe study examined the longitudinal associations of sleep time, restrained time, back time and tummy time with development in a sample of infants using compositional data analysis.MethodsParticipants were a subsample of 93 parent–infant dyads from the Early Movers project in Edmonton, Canada. Parents completed a 3‐day time‐use diary at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. Time spent in four mutually exclusive movement behaviours were calculated representing sleep (i.e., sleep time), sedentary behaviour (i.e., restrained time and back time) and physical activity (i.e., tummy time). Communication, fine motor, gross motor, personal‐social, problem solving and total development were measured at 2, 4 and 6 months of age with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ‐3). Gross motor development was also measured by a physiotherapist using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at 6 months. The age six major gross motor milestones (i.e., independent sitting, crawling, assisted standing, assisted walking, independent standing, independent walking) were achieved according to World Health Organization criteria, in the first 18 months of life, were calculated.ResultsThe composition of movement behaviours across time points was significantly associated with: ASQ‐3 gross motor, problem solving and total development scores over time, total and percentile AIMS scores at 6 months and independent standing and walking milestones (ilr model p‐value: < 0.001–0.045; model R2: 0.02–0.15). More sleep time or tummy time relative to other movement behaviours was associated with more advanced development and earlier achievement of some milestones. The opposite was observed for back time. Associations with restrained time were mixed. The optimal movement behaviour durations (minutes/day) for AIMS and WHO milestone outcomes, were 38–43 of tummy time, 51–54 of back time, 43–96 of restrained time and 845–900 of sleep time.ConclusionsTargeting healthy movement behaviour patterns in infants may be a promising health promotion strategy.
How Does Thyroid Hormone Profile Differ on and Off Replacement Treatment?
Authors: Heald Adrian H. , Premawardhana Lakdasa D. , Taylor Peter N. , Baker Adam , Chaudhury Nadia , Fryer Anthony A. , Okosieme Onyebuchi E. , Dayan Colin M. , Stedman Mike 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere continues to be much discussion around optimisation of thyroid hormone status in hypothyroid individuals. We here looked the way that free T4(FT4) and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) related to each other in a large laboratory sample of people who underwent a thyroid function test (TFT), split between those on levothyroxine replacement (monitoring test) and those who underwent a test to check for thyroid hormone imbalance (diagnostic test; not on levothyroxine).MethodsTFT test (FT4/TSH) results were extracted from the Salford Royal Hospital Laboratory Information Management System during 2009–2012. This was a single site study. Requests includes a tick box for ‘on levothyroxine’ (yes or no). To minimise comorbidity effects, only samples taken in General Practices were used. For untreated patients only those who had single tests results were used; for treated patients, the median value across all their results was used. Cluster analysis considered an ellipse with centre on median values for log (TSH) and FT4 and the vertex based on 5% and 95% percentile values of both. The percentage of patients falling outside the ellipse boundary was considered for both treated and untreated populations.ResultsThe total data set included 290,000 tests on 130,000 individuals. After filtering, FT4/TSH results were used from 12,006 (F 9231/M 2775; age < 60 5850/age ≥ 60 6567) treated patients with 43,846 test results. These were compared to the single results for 43,394 untreated patients (F 24,386/M19,008; age < 60 32,537/age ≥ 60 10,857). Cluster analysis showed for untreated patients, median values for TSH and FT4 were 1.8 mU/L and 15.5 pmol/L, respectively, with 24% of patient results falling outside the untreated 5%/95% percentiles. For treated patients, the median TSH was 2.3 mU/L (+30% vs. untreated) and FT4 was 18.9 pmol/L (+22% vs. untreated), with 22% of treated patients falling outside the treated 5%/95% percentiles. When considered against the untreated limits, 68% of treated results fell outside (split male 63%, female 70% and age < 60 67%, Age ≥ 60 64%).ConclusionThe current treatment regimens of either low or high dose levothyroxine are not delivering the expected laboratory TFT profiles, with significant numbers of treated patients being well outside the expected values: both TSH and FT4 being significantly higher. This effect appears to be more prevalent in women than men.
Who Peeked? Children Infer the Likely Cause of Improbable Success
Authors: Chung Amy M. , Kim Terryn , Friedman Ori , Denison Stephanie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSome outcomes are brought about by intentional agents with access to information and others are not. Children use a variety of cues to infer the causes of outcomes, such as statistical reasoning (e.g., the probability of the outcome) and theory of mind (e.g., a person's perceptual access, preferences, or knowledge). Here we show that children use these cues to infer cheating, a finding which informs our understanding of the flexibility of children's theory of mind. In four experiments (N = 444), 4‐ to 7‐year‐olds saw vignettes about blindfolded agents retrieving 10 gumballs from a distribution of yummy and yucky gumballs. Children were then asked if agents were really blindfolded or had peeked. We manipulated the probability of the outcome (i.e., the correspondence between the distribution sampled from and the outcome produced) and the ordering of the outcome was patterned (e.g., five yummy then five yucky) or haphazard. From age 5, children began to use both cues to infer cheating, and also showed signs of flexibly integrating these cues. Together, these findings show that young children can detect cheaters, and that their theory of mind reasoning is flexible and not based on simple and rigid rules (e.g., equating not‐seeing with failure). The findings also suggest that children use probabilistic reasoning to infer knowledge.
The Saudi Savior—Justifying Operation Decisive Storm
Authors: Walsh Tom 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that despite the success of Saudi Arabia's use of discourse to legitimize Operation Decisive Storm, their initial bombing and blockade of Yemen, to the United States, ultimately these discourses were problematic. Via analyzing speeches from Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs, Adel Al‐Jubeir, and articles from Saudi news website Arab News, this paper traces Saudi propaganda, showing the way in which it was used to justify the extraordinary bombing of Yemen and blockade of Yemeni ports. The paper meaningfully assesses the resonance of their narratives with US audiences through informed analysis. US discourse created a nexus of reciprocal positionality, in which Washington's discourse began to merge with Riyadh's, justifying it yet further. The US had its own reasons for lending support to KSA's war efforts, which encouraged them to adopt core Saudi narratives. This served to justify the two actors' involvement in the Saudi‐led intervention. These propagandized narratives had profound humanitarian consequences for the people of Yemen.