bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rewiring of interactions in a changing environment: nettle‐feeding butterflies and their parasitoids
Authors: Audusseau Hélène , Ryrholm Nils , Stefanescu Constanti , Tharel Suzanne , Jansson Camilla , Champeaux Lucile , Shaw Mark R. , Raper Chris , Lewis Owen T. , Janz Niklas , Schmucki Reto 
Published: March 2021

Climate and land use change can alter the incidence and strength of biotic interactions, with important effects on the distribution, abundance and function of species. To assess the importance of these effects and their dynamics, studies quantifying how biotic interactions change in space and time are needed.We studied interactions between nettle‐feeding butterflies and their shared natural enemies (parasitoids) locally and across 500 km latitudinal gradient in Sweden. We also examined the potential impact of the range‐expansion of the butterflyAraschnia levanaon resident butterflies via shared parasitoids, by studying how parasitism in resident butterflies covaries with the presence or absence of the newly‐established species. We collected 6777 larvae of four nettle‐feeding butterfly species (Aglais urticae,Aglais io,Ar. levanaandVanessa atalanta), over two years, at 19 sites distributed along the gradient. We documented the parasitoid complex for each butterfly species and measured their overlap, and analysed how parasitism rates were affected by butterfly species assemblage, variations in abundance, time, and the arrival ofAr. levana. Parasitoids caused high mortality, with substantial overlap in the complex of parasitoids associated with the four host butterflies. Levels of parasitism differed significantly among butterflies and were influenced by the local butterfly species assemblage. Our results also suggest that parasitism in resident butterflies is elevated at sites whereAr. levanahas been established for a longer period.In our study system, variations in butterfly species assemblages were associated in a predictable way with substantial variations in rates of parasitism. This relationship is likely to affect the dynamics of the butterfly host species, and potentially cascade to the larger number of species with which they interact. These results highlight the importance of indirect interactions and their potential to reorganise ecological communities, especially in the context of shifts in species distributions in a warmer world.
Distributional effects of nonresident investors on the housing market and welfare
Authors: Germaschewski Yin , Wang Shu‐Ling 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the distributional effects of nonresident housing investment on residents' consumption and welfare in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with two types of agents: savers and borrowers. The model is estimated with Bayesian methods applied to Taiwan. Three main results emerge. First, nonresident housing investment raises house prices and rent, validating policymakers' concerns about housing affordability. Second, higher house prices boost homeowners' property values, which strongly promotes consumption. Third, higher investment by nonresidents increases government tax revenues, the allocation of which has important welfare consequences across agents. Using tax revenues to subsidize residents through income tax reduction produces the largest welfare improvement, followed by a provision of public goods. Increasing the tax deductibility of mortgage interest is beneficial to borrowers, while allotting tax revenues to supply public capital results in the greatest welfare losses to savers.
Darboux transformations and solutions of nonlocal Hirota and Maxwell–Bloch equations
Authors: An Ling , Li Chuanzhong , Zhang Lixiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, based on the Hirota and Maxwell–Bloch (H‐MB) system and its application in the theory of the femtosecond pulse propagation through an erbium doped fiber, we define two kinds of nonlocal Hirota and Maxwell–Bloch (NH‐MB) systems, namely, ‐symmetric NH‐MB system and reverse space‐time NH‐MB system. Then, we construct the Darboux transformations of these NH‐MB systems. Meanwhile, we derive the explicit solutions by the Darboux transformations.
Integrating communal content into science lessons: An investigation of the beliefs and attitudes of preservice teachers
Authors: Fuesting Melissa A. , Diekman Amanda B. , Bautista Nazan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeveloping student capacity for the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workforce requires not only better preparation in specific content and skills but also better preparation in understanding the goals that STEM fields can afford. In particular, stereotypic views that STEM fields lack communal opportunities to work with and help others dampen interest in pursuing STEM careers. This research project investigated preservice science teachers' (PST) beliefs about whether science careers afford communal goals, and then employed experimental methodology to assess reactions to science lessons that integrate communal content. PSTs perceived STEM fields as less likely than other fields to fulfill communal goals. Yet lesson plans that integrated communal applications were perceived as more likely to engage students. The communally‐oriented lesson plans were then further developed for dissemination. We discuss the opportunities and obstacles to integrating communal content into science education instruction.
Cognitive Effects of Inattentive Responding in an MTurk Sample
Authors: Pyo Jimin , Maxfield Michael G. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveMechanical Turk (MTurk) has become an increasingly valuable sampling tool for social scientists. At the same time, concern has emerged about the quality of responses obtained from MTurk workers. This article demonstrates several screening practices for identifying problematic or inattentive MTurk participants. The study also examines how inattentive responding affects psychometric properties of measures and relationships between substantive variables.MethodA sample of 498 MTurk workers participated in an experimental study for developing and validating scales of public confidence in the criminal justice system. Multiple screening procedures were used to identify inattentive participants and their potential effects on study measures and hypothesis testing.ResultsResults reveal adverse impacts on psychometric properties of measures as well as inflated observed relationships between substantive variables.ConclusionScreeners used in this study work well in identifying attention problems among MTurk participants. The present study expands guidance for improving quality of responses from MTurk participants for social science research.
A nait‐associated and previously unreported mutation in the ITGB3 gene with a low frequency in the local population
Authors: Norrenbrock Stefan , Müller Thomas H. , Mayer Christiane , Doescher Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a rare but potentially severe postnatal complication caused by maternal allo‐antibodies against platelet antigens of the newborn. In relatively few cases, immunisation against low‐frequency antigens has been reported.MethodsPlatelet antigens of a newborn with severe thrombocytopenia and his family members were investigated by serological and molecular biological methods. A real‐time PCR assay was developed to reliably detect this mutation in pools of DNA from up to seven individuals.ResultsSerological testing showed positive reactions of maternal plasma with paternal platelets but not with conventional platelet donor panels. Sequencing of the ITGB3 gene revealed a G > A polymorphism in position c.1915 of exon 12 for the father, the newborn and three of four paternal relatives. Screening of samples from a local population of 1575 Caucasian blood donors identified only a single individual with this mutation.ConclusionThis finding of a previously unreported private platelet antigen demonstrates that the identification of the target glycoprotein by MAIPA assay followed by sequencing of the affected gene can be combined with an efficient population screening by real‐time PCR with pooling of DNA samples.
A New Approach to the Modeling of Magnetorheological Dampers and Application to Resonance Control
Authors: Siginer Dennis A. , Letelier Mario F. , Stockle Juan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A predetermined flow pattern in a magnetorheological damper providing continuously variable resistance to flow is required for efficient damping of a given load. The required predetermined flow pattern rests on the a priori determination of the constitutive properties of the magnetorheological (MR) fluid determined to generate variable resistance to flow. The inverse problem of constructing the predetermined response of the damper with a specific displacement pattern of the piston in the damper for efficient damping of a given load is solved. The MR fluid in the damper is modeled as a Bingham phase change material with time-dependent yield stress offering continuously variable resistance to the flow in the piston to achieve the required specific displacement pattern. The governing equations are solved for any time history of the dimensionless yield stress of the fluid which in turn is determined from the imposed response of the damper. Analytical tools developed can be used in optimizing damper performance. The application of the method to resonance mitigation is illustrated.
Development and Verification of an Enhanced Equation of State in TOUGH2
Authors: An Cheng , Han Yanhui , Liu Hui-Hai , Sun Zhuang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A reservoir-geomechanics coupled simulation tool is required in the interpretation and prediction of stimulation and production performance of unconventional reservoirs in a physically rigorous manner. One such a coupled simulation tool developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), TOUGH2-FLAC3D, has been extensively adopted in many scientific research and practical application projects in last two decades. In TOUGH2's most often used equation of state (EOS), EOS4, the vapor pressure is used as a primary variable, however, the vapor pressure lowering effect is not the primary interest in a typical reservoir flow simulation. Instead, the temperature should be a natural and physically correct primary variable, considering the convenience of model input, and the understanding and interpretation of simulation results. In this work, the vapor pressure is replaced by temperature in the EOS implementation. To be consistent with the change of primary variable, the Jacobian matrix is modified correspondingly and illustrated using a case of two-phase flow in one grid block. The development work was verified in three well-defined problems that are related to fluid diffusion, thermal conduction, thermal fluid conduction and convection, respectively, through comparing the modeling results with the corresponding analytical solutions.
Investigation of Particle Loading on the Turbulent Flow Over a Deep Cavity
Authors: Bluestein Andrew M. , Bohl Douglas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Turbulent particle-laden flows are of interest due to their presence in many industrial and natural flows. The effect that the particles have on the turbulence of the fluid is referred to as turbulence modulation. Experimental data is lacking at Reynolds numbers (Re) greater than 100,000, and at dense loadings (ΦV &gt; 1%). In this work, turbulent particle-laden flow over a deep cavity with an aspect ratio of 1, was studied at Re of 11,500 and 115,000, and particle loadings of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight/volume using neutrally buoyant particles (solid-phase specific gravity = 1). Super absorbent particles were used to create an index-matched environment with water as the working fluid. Data were acquired using two-dimensional planar particle image velocimetry along the center span of the geometry. Mean and root-mean-square velocities were calculated for the fluid phase. The flow structures were identified and located using the gamma criteria. The results showed that the particle loading changed the locations of the recirculation regions within the cavity. The mean velocities were nominally unaffected by loading for a respective Re case. Prior literature suggested that the particles would attenuate the turbulence, however, the current data showed no single trend. Turbulence modulation of the flow was found to be sensitive to the Re and location within the flow field. The changes in the turbulence appeared to be primarily due to the differences in the location of the flow structures.
A holistic approach to promoting early child development: a cluster randomised trial of a group-based, multicomponent intervention in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Pitchik Helen O , Tofail Fahmida , Rahman Mahbubur , Akter Fahmida , Sultana Jesmin , Shoab Abul Kasham , Huda Tarique Md. Nurul , Jahir Tania , Amin Md Ruhul , Hossain Md Khobair , Das Jyoti Bhushan , Chung Esther O , Byrd Kendra A , Yeasmin Farzana , Kwong Laura H , Forsyth Jenna E , Mridha Malay K , Winch Peter J , Luby Stephen P , Fernald Lia CH 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionIn low- and middle-income countries, children experience multiple risks for delayed development. We evaluated a multicomponent, group-based early child development intervention including behavioural recommendations on responsive stimulation, nutrition, water, sanitation, hygiene, mental health and lead exposure prevention.MethodsWe conducted a 9-month, parallel, multiarm, cluster-randomised controlled trial in 31 rural villages in Kishoreganj District, Bangladesh. Villages were randomly allocated to: group sessions (‘group’); alternating groups and home visits (‘combined’); or a passive control arm. Sessions were delivered fortnightly by trained community members. The primary outcome was child stimulation (Family Care Indicators); the secondary outcome was child development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire Inventory, ASQi). Other outcomes included dietary diversity, latrine status, use of a child potty, handwashing infrastructure, caregiver mental health and knowledge of lead. Analyses were intention to treat. Data collectors were independent from implementers.ResultsIn July–August 2017, 621 pregnant women and primary caregivers of children<15 months were enrolled (group n=160, combined n=160, control n=301). At endline, immediately following intervention completion (July–August 2018), 574 participants were assessed (group n=144, combined n=149, control n=281). Primary caregivers in both intervention arms participated in more play activities than control caregivers (age-adjusted means: group 4.22, 95% CI 3.97 to 4.47; combined 4.77, 4.60 to 4.96; control 3.24, 3.05 to 3.39), and provided a larger variety of play materials (age-adjusted means: group 3.63, 3.31 to 3.96; combined 3.81, 3.62 to 3.99; control 2.48, 2.34 to 2.59). Compared with the control arm, children in the group arm had higher total ASQi scores (adjusted mean difference in standardised scores: 0.39, 0.15 to 0.64), while in the combined arm scores were not significantly different from the control (0.25, –0.07 to 0.54).ConclusionOur findings suggest that group-based, multicomponent interventions can be effective at improving child development outcomes in rural Bangladesh, and that they have the potential to be delivered at scale.Trial registration numberThe trial is registered in ISRCTN (ISRCTN16001234).
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on utilisation of healthcare services: a systematic review
Authors: Moynihan Ray , Sanders Sharon , Michaleff Zoe A , Scott Anna Mae , Clark Justin , To Emma J , Jones Mark , Kitchener Eliza , Fox Melissa , Johansson Minna , Lang Eddy , Duggan Anne , Scott Ian , Albarqouni Loai 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the extent and nature of changes in utilisation of healthcare services during COVID-19 pandemic.DesignSystematic review.EligibilityEligible studies compared utilisation of services during COVID-19 pandemic to at least one comparable period in prior years. Services included visits, admissions, diagnostics and therapeutics. Studies were excluded if from single centres or studied only patients with COVID-19.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register and preprints were searched, without language restrictions, until 10 August, using detailed searches with key concepts including COVID-19, health services and impact.Data analysisRisk of bias was assessed by adapting the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool, and a Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care tool. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics, graphical figures and narrative synthesis.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome was change in service utilisation between prepandemic and pandemic periods. Secondary outcome was the change in proportions of users of healthcare services with milder or more severe illness (eg, triage scores).Results3097 unique references were identified, and 81 studies across 20 countries included, reporting on >11 million services prepandemic and 6.9 million during pandemic. For the primary outcome, there were 143 estimates of changes, with a median 37% reduction in services overall (IQR −51% to −20%), comprising median reductions for visits of 42% (−53% to −32%), admissions 28% (−40% to −17%), diagnostics 31% (−53% to −24%) and for therapeutics 30% (−57% to −19%). Among 35 studies reporting secondary outcomes, there were 60 estimates, with 27 (45%) reporting larger reductions in utilisation among people with a milder spectrum of illness, and 33 (55%) reporting no difference.ConclusionsHealthcare utilisation decreased by about a third during the pandemic, with considerable variation, and with greater reductions among people with less severe illness. While addressing unmet need remains a priority, studies of health impacts of reductions may help health systems reduce unnecessary care in the postpandemic recovery.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020203729.
Web-based physical activity intervention for people with progressive multiple sclerosis: application of consensus-based intervention development guidance
Authors: Busse Monica , Latchem-Hastings Julie , Button Kate , Poile Vince , Davies Freya , O' Halloran Rhian , Stensland Barbara , Tallantyre Emma , Lowe Rachel , Wood Fiona , Dawes Helen , Edwards Adrian , Jones Fiona 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesPeople with progressive multiple sclerosis (PwPMS) report that they recognise the benefits of activity on their physical and psychological health but need support to achieve their physical activity goals. We aimed to systematically develop a theoretically informed intervention that would enable PwPMS to more readily engage in regular physical activity.DesignWe used an intervention mapping approach to inform intervention development.SettingWe conducted semistructured interviews with PwPMS and their families/carers and physiotherapists recruited from secondary care settings.ParticipantsFourteen PwPMS with an Expanded Disability Status Scale score of between 6 and 8 and 7 of their families/carers and 13 physiotherapists and 1 physiotherapy technician participated.ResultsInterview data suggested that the development of supportive coaching relationships with physiotherapists could promote the ability of PwPMS to achieve a desirable and achievable physical activity plan. These interview data informed the prototype ‘Lifestyle Exercise and Activity Package for Multiple Sclerosis’ (LEAP-MS) consisting of a secure multiuser web-based platform (with an education and activity suite, interactive components enabling selection of exercises, goal setting and activity logging), up to six flexible face-to-face or web-based physiotherapy coaching sessions and remote support via an embedded web-based messaging function that all together draw on specific theory-based methods to achieve physical activity behaviour change, namely active learning, reinforcement, modelling, feedback, facilitation, goal setting and guided practice. Implementation is within a multiuser platform accessible to participants, trained physiotherapists and researchers.ConclusionsWe have followed an inclusive, systematic and transparent process to develop the LEAP-MS intervention that enables detailed description of components, context and guiding principles to inform ongoing evaluation. Importantly, PwPMS expressed the need for autonomy in developing physical activity plans. This has been achieved through the embedding of self-management principles in the design and delivery of the LEAP-MS intervention.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers in a large teaching hospital in the North West of England: a period prevalence survey
Authors: Shorten Robert John , Haslam Shonagh , Hurley Margaret A , Rowbottom Anthony , Myers M , Wilkinson Paul , Orr David 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesSince its emergence in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic that has significantly challenged healthcare systems. Healthcare workers have previously been shown to have experienced higher rates of infection than the general population. We aimed to assess the extent of infection in staff working in our healthcare setting.DesignA retrospective analysis of antibody results, compared with staff demographic data, and exposure to patients with COVID-19 infection.SettingA large teaching hospital in the North West of England.Participants4474 staff in diverse clinical and non-patient facing roles who volunteered for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing by the Roche Elecsys assay between 29 May and 4 July 2020.ResultsSeroprevalence was 17.4%. Higher rates were seen in Asian/Asian British (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.04) and Black/Black British (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.45) staff. Staff working in any clinical location were more likely to be seropositive (OR 2.68, 95% 2.27 to 3.15). Staff were at an increased risk of seropositivity as the ‘per 100 COVID-19 bed-days change’ increased in the clinical area in which they worked (OR 1.12, 95% 1.10 to 1.14). Staff working in critical care were no more likely to have detectable antibodies than staff working in non-clinical areas. Symptoms compatible with COVID-19 were reported in 41.8% and antibodies were detected in 30.7% of these individuals. In staff who reported no symptoms, antibodies were detected in 7.7%. In all staff who had detectable antibodies, 25.2% reported no symptoms.ConclusionsStaff working in clinical areas where patients with COVID-19 were nursed were more likely to have detectable antibodies. The relationship between seropositivity in healthcare workers and the increase in ‘per 100 COVID-19 bed-days’ of the area in which they worked, although statistically significant, was weak, suggesting other contributing factors to the risk profile. Of staff with detectable antibodies and therefore evidence of prior infection, a quarter self-reported that they had experienced no compatible symptoms. This has implications for potential unrecorded transmission in both staff and patients.