bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase 1 double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of zuranolone (SAGE‐217) in a phase advance model of insomnia in healthy adults
Authors: Bullock Amy , Gunduz‐Bruce Handan , Zammit Gary K. , Qin Min , Li Haihong , Sankoh Abdul J. , Silber Christopher , Kanes Stephen J. , Jonas Jeffrey , Doherty James 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate single zuranolone (SAGE‐217) 30 or 45 mg doses in a 5‐h phase advance insomnia model.MethodsIn this double‐blind, three‐way crossover study, healthy adults received placebo (n = 41), zuranolone 30 mg (n = 44), and zuranolone 45 mg (n = 42) across three treatment periods. Sleep was assessed by polysomnography and a postsleep questionnaire. Next‐day residual effects and safety/tolerability were evaluated.ResultsCompared with placebo, zuranolone resulted in significant improvements in median sleep efficiency (30 mg, 84.6%; 45 mg, 87.6%; placebo, 72.9%; p < 0.001 for both doses), wake after sleep onset (WASO; 30 mg, 55.0 min; 45 mg, 42.5 min; placebo, 113.0 min; p < 0.001 for both doses), duration of awakenings (30 mg, 4.2 min, p < 0.001; 45 mg, 3.7 min, p = 0.001; placebo, 7.4 min), and total sleep time (TST; 30 mg, 406.3 min; 45 mg, 420.3 min; placebo, 350.0 min; p < 0.001 for both doses). Subjective endpoints (WASO, TST, sleep latency, sleep quality) also improved relative to placebo. Zuranolone was generally well tolerated, and the most common adverse events (≥2 participants, any period) were headache and fatigue.ConclusionZuranolone improved sleep measures versus placebo in a phase advance model of insomnia in healthy adults, supporting future studies in patients with insomnia disorder.
The stable isotopes of natural waters at the Marcell Experimental Forest
Authors: Stelling Jonathan M. , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Griffiths Natalie A. , Mitchell Carl P. J. , Green Mark B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a new data set from the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) that compiles water isotope measurements from multiple research catchments, some of which have been studied since the 1960s. The MEF is located in northern Minnesota, USA, and is home to heavily studied and monitored forests, streams, bogs, and fens. Peat‐forming systems (bogs and fens) are an important component of the MEF landscape and have a profound impact on the water cycle in these catchments. Within the last decade, analysis of stable isotopes of water (expressed as δD and δ18O) has been implemented to characterize the different components of the water budget, and to allow researchers to look at catchment and peatland‐specific hydrologic effects in the watershed. This δD and δ18O data set of natural waters from MEF catchments is primarily composed of measurements from three peatlands (S1, S2, S6) during an 11‐year period. More recently collection and analysis were expanded to also include samples from the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) project in the S1 bog, peatlands S3, S4, S5, as well as nearby lakes. We establish a local meteoric water line by analyzing the isotopic composition of precipitation, which fills a void in regional meteoric water lines for Minnesota. Furthermore, we establish baseline isotopic composition for bog outlet streams, bog porewater, aquifer groundwater, overland flow, subsurface stormflow, and snowpack, as well as runoff from the SPRUCE experimental chambers. These data are publicly available and will be expanded upon in the future.
Compensated non‐linear root water uptake model and identification of soil hydraulic and root water uptake parameters*
Authors: Sonkar Ickkshaanshu , Sudesan Soorya , Suryanarayana Rao Kotnoor Hari Prasad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe improvement in soil and root parameterization is a key to enhance the root zone moisture depletion pattern prediction capability. In the present study, a new compensated non‐linear root water uptake (RWU) model is developed to analyse moisture flow under various crop growth and soil conditions. This is achieved by introducing a water stress index in the calibrated non‐linear RWU model that takes care of RWU compensation. The present study also deals with the identifiability of soil hydraulic and RWU parameters using soil moisture and percolation data with an inverse approach. For parameter estimation, the numerical model has been coupled with a genetic algorithm‐based optimizer. The efficacy of the coupled simulation‐optimization model is tested for wheat (Triticum aestivum) crops grown in loamy, sandy clay loam, and sandy loam soil. The study shows that the RWU is less sensitive to soil moisture dynamics in sandy loam soil due to predominant vertical flow. Further, these parameters were estimated for four major Indian crops, that is, berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum), wheat, maize (Zea mays), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). In soils of higher hydraulic conductivity, the inverse approach was found to be ill‐posed in estimating RWU and soil parameters using only soil moisture information. Hence, for such soils, both soil moisture and percolation data are necessary for estimating these parameters uniquely.
Risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection and COVID‐19 Severity Associated With Exposure to Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Prada Luísa , D. Santos Catarina , Baião Rita A. , Costa João , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Caldeira Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were thought to increase the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus entrance into cells. Hence, it was suggested in the media that NSAIDs could lead to a higher risk of infection and/or disease severity. To determine the existence or absence of this association, we aimed to systematically evaluate the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and mortality and the risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) associated with previous exposure to NSAIDs.MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and EMBASE were searched in February 2021 for controlled studies. The results were calculated through random‐effect meta‐analyses and reported in terms of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 test.Eleven studies were included, comprising a total of 683 715 patients. NSAID exposure did not increase the risk of having a positive test for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (OR, 0.97; 95%CI, 0.85‐1.11, I2 = 24%; 5 studies). The exposure to NSAIDs did not increase the risk of severe/critical COVID‐19 disease (OR, 0.92; 95%CI, 0.80‐1.05; I2 = 0%; 5 studies) nor all‐cause mortality among patients with COVID‐19 (OR, 0.86; 95%CI, 0.75‐0.99; I2 = 14%, 4 studies).Our data did not suggest that exposure to NSAIDs increases the risk of having SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or increases the severity of COVID‐19 disease. Also, the fragility of the studies included precludes definite conclusions and highlights the need for further robust data.
Integrated Cardiopulmonary MRI Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Saunders Laura C. , Hughes Paul J. C. , Alabed Samer , Capener David J. , Marshall Helen , Vogel‐Claussen Jens , van Beek Edwin J. R. , Kiely David G. , Swift Andrew J. , Wild Jim M. 
Published: August 2021

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous condition that can affect the lung parenchyma, pulmonary vasculature, and cardiac chambers. Accurate diagnosis often requires multiple complex assessments of the cardiac and pulmonary systems. MRI is able to comprehensively assess cardiac structure and function, as well as lung parenchymal, pulmonary vascular, and functional lung changes. Therefore, MRI has the potential to provide an integrated functional and structural assessment of the cardiopulmonary system in a single exam. Cardiac MRI is used in the assessment of PH in most large PH centers, whereas lung MRI is an emerging technique in patients with PH. This article reviews the current literature on cardiopulmonary MRI in PH, including cine MRI, black‐blood imaging, late gadolinium enhancement, T1 mapping, myocardial strain analysis, contrast‐enhanced perfusion imaging and contrast‐enhanced MR angiography, and hyperpolarized gas functional lung imaging. This article also highlights recent developments in this field and areas of interest for future research including cardiac MRI‐based diagnostic models, machine learning in cardiac MRI, oxygen‐enhanced 1H imaging, contrast‐free 1H perfusion and ventilation imaging, contrast‐free angiography and UTE imaging.Evidence Level5Technical EfficacyStage 3
Development of a clinical practice guideline for weaning and discontinuing parenteral nutrition in hospitalized children as part of a central line–associated bloodstream infection–focused quality improvement initiative
Authors: Pulido Amber V. , Kellogg Kimberly , Hunt Kathryn , Davis Cheryl 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOverprescribing of parenteral nutrition (PN) increases costs and risks to patients, including from central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). With CLABSI reduction in mind, our children's hospital began an iterative quality improvement effort to decrease PN utilization by first ensuring appropriate initiation and then defining and ensuring appropriate discontinuation.MethodsEducation was launched along with audits to evaluate for appropriate PN indications. Next, a literature review was conducted to guide the development of an algorithm to appropriately wean and discontinue PN. Lastly, all PN discontinuations were audited for agreement with the new guideline. Retrospectively, monthly PN utilization index (orders per patient‐day) was plotted on a statistical process control chart to assess change over time. The presence of PN as a risk factor for CLABSI events and the overall hospital CLABSI rate were trended.ResultsMean PN utilization index fell from 0.156 (July 2018 to January 2019) to 0.12 (February 2019 to August 2020) (P < .01). For 18 months, no PN utilization index reached the baseline lower control limit of 0.144, demonstrating special‐cause variation and sustained change. PN as a risk factor for hospital CLABSI cases decreased from most prevalent (49% of cases) to fifth most prevalent (29%) as the CLABSI rate trended down.ConclusionEngaging frontline staff in the development of a clinical practice guideline and increased accountability to reduce potential patient harm led to a significant and sustained reduction in PN utilization, as well as decreased prevalence of PN as a risk factor in hospital CLABSI cases.
Advances in adjunct therapy against tuberculosis: Deciphering the emerging role of phytochemicals
Authors: Fatima Samreen , Kumari Anjna , Dwivedi Ved Prakash 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEastern countries are a major source of medicinal plants, which set up a rich source of ethnopharmacologically known medicines used in the treatment of various diseases. These traditional medicines have been known as complementary, alternative, or nonconventional therapy across globe for ages. Tuberculosis (TB) poses a huge global burden and leads to maximum number of deaths due to an infectious agent. Treatment of TB using Directly Observed Treatment Short‐course (DOTS) therapy comprises multiple antibiotics is quite lengthy and causes serious side‐effects in different organs. The length of the TB treatment leads to withdrawal from the patients, which paves the way for the emergence of drug resistance in the bacterial population. These concerns related to therapy need serious and immediate interventions. Traditional medicines using phytochemicals has shown to provide tremendous potential in TB treatment, mainly in the eradication ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb), increasing natural immunity, and managing the side effects of anti‐TB drugs. This review describes the antituberculosis potential of selected ethnopharmacologically important phytochemicals as potential immune‐modulator and as an adjunct‐therapy in TB. This review will be a useful reference for researchers working on ethnopharmacology and will open the door for the discovery of novel agents as an adjunct‐therapy to tuberculosis.
Mortality of People with Parkinson's Disease in a Large UK‐Based Cohort Study: Time Trends and Relationship to Disease Duration
Authors: Okunoye Olaitan , Horsfall Laura , Marston Louise , Walters Kate , Schrag Anette 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is associated with increased mortality, but little is known about changes over time, and relationship to disease progression.ObjectivesTo explore how PD mortality rates have changed over time and their relationship to disease duration and demographics using a large population‐based cohort in the UK.MethodsWe included individuals aged 50+ years with a first recording of PD diagnosis and at least two prescriptions of any antiparkinsonian drug actively registered within a general practice from 2006 to 2016 and up to six frequency‐matched controls from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. We estimated adjusted mortality rates using multivariable Poisson regression.ResultsA total of 10,104 people with a diagnosis of PD and 55,664 people without PD were included. Overall, PD was associated with slightly increased mortality compared to non‐PD controls (adjusted mortality rate ratio: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.19). Adjusted mortality rates per 1000 person‐years at risk for people with PD approximately doubled in the 5 years following diagnosis from 43 (95% CI: 38 to 48) to 75 (95% CI: 64 to 85). Following adjustments for age, gender, and time since diagnosis, mortality rates between 2007 and 2016 declined more slowly for people with PD (2% per year; 95% CI: 0%–4%) compared to people without PD (5% per year; 95% CI: 3%–6%).ConclusionsWhilst mortality in PD is only slightly increased overall, it gradually increases with advancing disease. There has been a decline in mortality in PD over time, but this decrease was less pronounced than that in the general population. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
Assessing the maternal risks associated with short stature in ancient Southeast Asia
Authors: van Tiel Britta , McFadden Clare 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe maternal experience in ancient Southeast Asia has been an area of study not yet addressed in bioarchaeological research due to the challenges associated with evaluating it and the lack of tools available. This study aims to better our knowledge of the maternal experience in ancient Southeast Asia by investigating whether there is a relationship between maternal mortality rates and a known maternal risk factor, stature, which can be estimated from archaeologically derived skeletal remains. This is performed by applying an adapted maternal mortality rate estimator and undertaking analyses based on stature estimates from ancient Southeast Asian archaeological samples. By investigating estimated stature and maternal mortality rates, we are able to look at whether the modern risks associated with pregnancy in short statured females were also seemingly applicable in the past in Southeast Asia. This study identified that, at the population level, a decrease in average stature coincided with an increase in maternal mortality rates. These results emulate modern trends, with shorter statured females being at a higher risk of maternal death and often requiring medical intervention due to complications caused by their short stature and associated small pelvis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the maternal risk associated with short stature in ancient Southeast Asia.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐ones Using a Hybrid Catalyst Supported on Magnetic Nanoparticles in Green Solvents
Authors: Moussa Alkassoume , Rahmati Abbas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe conversion of soluble polyoxometalate into insoluble polyoxometalate is considered to be one of the major challenges in synthetic organic chemistry. Here, polyoxometalate was bonded to the salt part of an organic branch immobilized on the silica‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticle and characterized using various techniques. The fabricated complex was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in a novel one‐pot reaction for synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐ones using aromatic amines, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD), derivatives of benzaldehyde and 2‐aminobenzimidazole in water/ethanol as a green solvent. 21 derivatives of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐one were synthesized by this method and fully characterized. The high stability of the catalyst showed that it can be reused for 6 times without decreasing in activity. The combination of new synthetic method, new ferromagnetic heterogeneous nano‐catalyst, green solvent and simple separation method were presented in this work.
Assessment of the Arsenic Removal From Water Using Lanthanum Ferrite
Authors: García Fabiana E. , Litter Marta I. , Sora Isabella Natali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe catalytic performance of a perovskite‐type lanthanum ferrite LaFeO3 to remove arsenic from water has been investigates for the first time. LaFeO3 was prepared by citrate auto‐combustion of dry gel obtained from a solution of the corresponding nitrates poured into citric acid solution. Kinetic studies were performed in the dark with As(V) and in the dark and under UV‐C irradiation at pH 6–7 with As(III) (both 1 mg L−1), and As : Fe molar ratios (MR) of 1 : 10 and 1 : 100 using the LaFeO3 catalyst. As(V) was removed from solution after 60 min in the dark in 7 % and in 47 % for MR=1 : 10 and MR=1 : 100, respectively, indicating the importance of the amount of the iron material on the removal. Oxidation of As(III) in the dark was negligible after 60 min in contact with the solid sample, but complete removal of As(III) was observed within 60 min of irradiation at 254 nm, due to As(III) photooxidation to As(V) and to As(III) sorption to a minor extent. Morphological and microstructural studies of the catalyst complement the catalytic testing. This work demonstrates that LaFeO3 can be used for the removal of As(III) from highly arsenic contaminated water.
Driving Organic Nanocrystals Dissolution Through Electrochemistry
Authors: Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Filoni Claudia , Li Bassi Andrea , Bossi Alberto , Campione Marcello , Orbelli Biroli Alessio , Castiglioni Chiara , Trabattoni Silvia , De Rosa Stefania , Tortora Luca , Ciccacci Franco , Duò Lamberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe have recently discussed how organic nanocrystal dissolution appears in different morphologies and the role of the solution pH in the crystal detriment process. We also highlighted the role of the local molecular chemistry in porphyrin nanocrystals having comparable structures: in water‐based acid solutions, protonation of free‐base porphyrin molecules is the driving force for crystal dissolution, whereas metal (ZnII) porphyrin nanocrystals remain unperturbed. However, all porphyrin types, having an electron rich π‐structure, can be electrochemically oxidized. In this scenario, a key question is: does electrochemistry represent a viable strategy to drive the dissolution of both free‐base and metal porphyrin nanocrystals?In this work, by exploiting electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC‐AFM), we monitor in situ and in real time the dissolution of both free‐base and metal porphyrin nanocrystals, as soon as molecules reach the oxidation potential, showing different regimes according to the applied EC potential.
Fast screening of Depolymerized Lignin Samples Through 2D‐Liquid Chromatography Mapping
Authors: De Saegher Tibo , Lauwaert Jeroen , Vercammen Joeri , Van Geem Kevin M. , De Clercq Jeriffa , Verberckmoes An 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLignin valorization and particularly its depolymerization into bio‐aromatics, has emerged as an important research topic within green chemistry. However, screening of catalysts and reaction conditions within this field is strongly constrained by the lack of analytical techniques that allow for fast and detailed mapping of the product pools. This analytical gap results from the inherent product pool complexity and the focus of the state‐of‐the‐art on monomers and dimers, overlooking the larger oligomers. In this work, this gap is bridged through the development of a quasi‐orthogonal GPC‐HPLC‐UV/VIS method that is able to separate the bio‐aromatics according to molecular weight (hydrodynamic volume) and polarity. The method is evaluated using model compounds and real lignin depolymerization samples. The resulting color plots provide a powerful graphical tool to rapidly assess differences in reaction selectivity towards monomers and dimers as well as to identify differences in the oligomers.
Metal‐ and Solvent‐Free Transesterification and Aldol Condensation Reactions by a Homogenous Recyclable Basic Ionic Liquid Based on the 1,3,5‐Triazine Framework
Authors: Hu Yanqiu , Ren Mingqi , Kazemnejadi Milad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new recyclable basic ionic liquid was introduced as an efficient catalyst for aldol condensation and transesterification reactions under environmentally friendly conditions. The catalyst was prepared based on methyl imidazolium moieties bearing hydroxide counter anions via the Hofmann elimination on a 1,3,5‐triazine framework. The ionic liquid with two functionalities including anion stabilizer and high basicity, was used as an efficient catalyst for aldol condensation as well as transesterification reaction of a variety of alkyl benzoates. All reactions were performed in the absence of any external reagent, co‐catalyst, or solvent, in line with environmental protection. The kinetics isotope effect (KIE) was conducted for the transesterification reaction to elucidate the mechanism and rate determining step (RDS). It worth noted that, the homogeneous catalyst could be recycled from the reaction mixture and reused for several consecutive runs with insignificant drop of basicity and conversion.
Adult and student perspectives on racial and ethnic equity‐informed school‐based strategies
Authors: Lea Charles H. , McCowan Kristin J. , Jones Tiffany M. , Malorni Angela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough racial and ethnic equity‐informed school‐based strategies are important to addressing racialized structures and processes that create and sustain racial trauma, disadvantage and disparity, little is known about the process of embedding racial and ethnic equity in school‐based strategies and how adults and young people perceive them to promote a positive school climate and youth development. Using a qualitative research approach that included focus groups, this study examined student of color and school and community partner staff perceptions of the role and influence racial and ethnic equity‐informed school‐based strategies in one middle school have on the school's climate and students of color experiences and development. Findings suggest that racial and ethnic equity‐informed social and emotional learning strategies are important in facilitating positive student–teacher interactions and identity and social‐emotional development among students of color. Participant's experiences in and perceptions of the impact these strategies have on school climate and youth development substantiate the need to understand racial and ethnic equity as a process‐oriented approach that requires continuous improvement, rather than just an outcome‐focused endeavor. Implications for research and practice are discussed.