bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of an Intervention to Promote Physical Activity and Reduce Sedentary Time in Disadvantaged Children: Randomized Trial
Authors: Bernal Caroline , Lhuisset Lena , Bru Noëlle , Fabre Nicolas , Bois Julien 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn our society, children are particularly vulnerable to physical inactivity and excessive sedentary time (ST). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school‐based intervention designed to promote physical activity (PA) and reduce ST in 6‐ to 10‐years‐old children from a disadvantaged neighborhood.METHODSThe first intervention of this randomized trial was carried out in School 1 in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, School 2 benefited from the same intervention in 2018/2019. Baseline assessments were realized using accelerometers prior to the intervention (T1‐T2), after the first intervention (T3) and after the second intervention (T4). School‐based actions targeted children, parents, teachers, physical, and organizational environment of school and politics. The chi‐square test of independence was used to analyze the evolution of the moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and ST.RESULTSFor School 1, an increase in the percentage of very active children (over 40 minutes MVPA/day) and of having a very low ST (less 240 minutes/day) (p = .00) was found. No further evolution was revealed during the intervention (T2‐T3) and 1 year after (T3‐T4). For School 2, similar effects on PA and ST were found at T3 (p < .05).CONCLUSIONSPositive effects occurred before the intervention in each school and then remained stable.
Does admission time matter in a paediatric intensive care unit? A prospective cohort study
Authors: da Silva Paulo Sérgio Lucas , Kubo Emerson Yukio , Junior Emilio Lopes , Fonseca Marcelo Cunio Machado 
Published: March 2021

AimStudies assessing the association between admission time to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and mortality are sparse with conflicting results. We aimed to evaluate the impact of time of admission on PICU mortality within 48 h after admission.MethodsThis was a single‐centre prospective cohort. We collected data from all consecutive children aged 1 month to 16 years over 10 years.ResultsWe included a total of 1368 admissions, with a PICU mortality of 6.6%. Compared with daytime admissions, the overall mortality rate (5.3% vs. 8.5%, P = 0.026) and the mortality within 48 h after admission were higher for those admitted during night‐time (2% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.021). There were no differences between mortality rates and the day of admission (weekend admissions vs. weekday admissions). The adjusted odds of death within 48 h after admission was 2.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.22–5.24, P = 0.012) for patients admitted at night‐time. A secondary analysis assessing trends in mortality rates during admission showed that the last 5 years of study were more responsible for the chances of death within 48 h (odds ratio = 7.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.91–30.17, P = 0.0039).ConclusionAdmission to the PICU during night shifts was strongly associated with death compared to daytime admissions. A time analysis of the moment of admission is necessary as a metric of quality of care to identify the interruption or improvement in the continuity of care. Further studies are needed to assess the modified contributing factors.
THE ROLE OF MULTIPLE WEAK LITHOLOGIES IN THE DEFORMATION OF COVER UNITS IN THE NORTHWESTERN SEGMENT OF THE ZAGROS FOLD‐AND‐THRUST BELT
Authors: Koyi Hemin A. , Mansurbeg Howri 
Published: March 2021

The geometry, kinematics and dynamics of fold‐and‐thrust belts are strongly influenced by the mechanical behaviour of the basal décollement. However, many fold‐and‐thrust belts also include mechanically weak lithologies such as evaporites and marls or mudstones at different levels within the shortened stratigraphy. The kinematics and dynamic evolution of these thrust belts are controlled by the mechanical behaviour both of the basal décollement and of the weak units embedded within the overlying stratigraphic succession. In the Zagros fold‐and‐thrust belt (ZFTB), the shortened sedimentary cover is between 7 and 12 km thick and mechanically weak lithologies compartmentalize the stratigraphic column at shallow and intermediate levels. In this paper, satellite, field and seismic data from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq are used to identify structures of different sizes and surface traces. The observations are used to underline the role of mechanically weak horizons within the Zagros stratigraphy and the decoupling of deformation both laterally and with depth in the belt.The decoupling between shallow and deeper structures observed in seismic profiles from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq is also reported from field observations from the Iranian part of the Zagros fold‐and‐thrust belt, where folds with different surface traces occur. Decoupling between shallow and deep layers by incompetent lithologies at intermediate depths (e.g. marls, mudstones and evaporites) results in the formation of disharmonic folds. The geometry, size and location of such folds may differ between outcropping and subsurface structures. Decoupling may have a significant impact on hydrocarbon exploration in different parts of the Zagros fold‐and‐thrust belt due to potential offsets between outcropping and subsurface structures and their associated traps.
Association of psychological distress with reasons for delay in seeking medical care in rural patients with worsening heart failure symptoms
Authors: Lin Chin‐Yen , Dracup Kathleen , Pelter Michele M. , Biddle Martha J. , Moser Debra K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of depressive symptoms and anxiety on rural patients’ decisions to seek care for worsening heart failure (HF) symptoms remains unknown. The purposes of this study were (1) to describe rural patients’ reasons for delay in seeking care for HF, and (2) to determine whether depressive symptoms or anxiety was associated with patients’ reasons for delay in seeking medical care for worsening symptoms.MethodsA total of 611 rural HF patients were included. Data on reasons for patient delay in seeking medical care (The Reasons for Delay Questionnaire), depressive symptoms (PHQ‐9), and anxiety (BSI‐ANX) were collected. Statistical analyses included chi‐square and multiple regression.ResultsA total of 85.4% of patients reported at least 1 reason for delay. Patients with higher levels of depressive symptoms were more likely to cite embarrassment, problems with transportation, and financial concerns as a reason for delay. Patients with anxiety not only cited nonsymptom‐related reasons but also reported symptom‐related reasons for delay in seeking care (ie, symptoms seemed vague, not sure of symptoms, symptoms didn't seem to be serious enough, and symptoms were different from the last episode). In multiple regression, patients with greater depressive symptoms and anxiety had a greater number of reasons for delay in seeking care (P = .003 and P = .023, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that enhancement of patients’ symptom appraisal abilities and improvement in psychological distress may result in a reduction in delay in seeking medical care for worsening symptoms in rural patients with HF.
Increased viscosity of milk during infant feeding improves swallow safety through modifying sucking in an animal model
Authors: Mayerl Christopher J. , Edmonds Chloe E. , Gould Francois D. H. , German Rebecca Z. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInfants experiencing frequent aspiration, the entry of milk into the airway, are often prescribed thickened fluids to improve swallow safety. However, research on the outcomes of thickened milk on infant feeding have been limited to documenting rates of aspiration and the rheologic properties of milk following thickening. As a result, we have little insight into the physiologic and behavioral mechanisms driving differences in performance during feeding on high viscosity milk. Understanding the physiologic and behavioral mechanisms driving variation in performance at different viscosities is especially critical, because the structures involved in feeding respond differently to sensory stimulation. We used infant pigs, a validated animal model for infant feeding, to test how the tongue, soft palate, and hyoid respond to changes in viscosity during sucking and swallowing, in addition to measuring swallow safety and bolus size. We found that the tongue exhibited substantive changes in its movements associated with thickened fluids during sucking and swallowing, but that pharyngeal transit time as well as hyoid and soft palate movements during swallowing were unaffected. This work demonstrates the integrated nature of infant feeding and that behaviors associated with sucking are more sensitive to sensorimotor feedback associated with changes in milk viscosity than those associated with the pharyngeal swallow, likely due to its reflexive nature.
Not uncommon: HBV genotype G co‐infections among healthy European HBV carriers with genotype A and E infection
Authors: Basic Michael , Kubesch Alica , Kuhnhenn Lisa , Görgülü Esra , Finkelmeier Fabian , Dietz Julia , Knabe Mate , Mücke Victoria T. , Mücke Marcus M. , Berger Annemarie , Zeuzem Stefan , Sarrazin Christoph , Hildt Eberhard , Peiffer Kai‐Henrik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsHBV genotype G (HBV/G) is mainly found in co‐infections with other HBV genotypes and was identified as an independent risk factor for liver fibrosis. This study aimed to analyse the prevalence of HBV/G co‐infections in healthy European HBV carriers and to characterize the crosstalk of HBV/G with other genotypes.MethodsA total of 560 European HBV carriers were tested via HBV/G‐specific PCR for HBV/G co‐infections. Quasispecies distribution was analysed via deep sequencing, and the clinical phenotype was characterized regarding qHBsAg‐/HBV‐DNA levels and frequent mutations. Replicative capacity and expression of HBsAg/core was studied in hepatoma cells co‐expressing HBV/G with either HBV/A, HBV/D or HBV/E using bicistronic vectors.ResultsAlthough no HBV/G co‐infection was found by routine genotyping PCR, HBV/G was detected by specific PCR in 4%‐8% of patients infected with either HBV/A or HBV/E but only infrequently in other genotypes. In contrast to HBV/E, HBV/G was found as the quasispecies major variant in co‐infections with HBV/A. No differences in the clinical phenotype were observed for HBV/G co‐infections. In vitro RNA and DNA levels were comparable among all genotypes, but expression and release of HBsAg was reduced in co‐expression of HBV/G with HBV/E. In co‐expression with HBV/A and HBV/E expression of HBV/G‐specific core was enhanced while core expression from the corresponding genotype was markedly diminished.ConclusionsHBV/G co‐infections are common in European inactive carriers with HBV/A and HBV/E infection, but sufficient detection depends strongly on the assay. HBV/G regulated core expression might play a critical role for survival of HBV/G in co‐infections.
Food source or refuge: What is behind amphipod choices for seaweeds?
Authors: Fernandes Felipe de Oliveira , Barbosa‐Silva Marcelle Stephanne , Resende Julia Fanny de Jesus , Longo Guilherme Ortigara , Marinho‐Soriano Eliane 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo assess whether amphipods' habitat choice and feeding preference for a specific seaweed species are based on nutritional value or structural complexity, and to evaluate the role of chemical cues in the amphipod choice, we carried out laboratory experiments using amphipods (Ampithoe marcuzzii) and seaweeds from different divisions (Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, and Rhodophyta). To evaluate feeding preference, we carried out a multiple‐choice experiment offering six species of seaweeds to amphipods. To assess whether habitat choice by amphipods is guided exclusively by seaweed complexity, we conducted an assay offering seaweeds and complexity‐like mimics (artificial plants) to amphipods, quantifying their choices. To evaluate whether seaweeds' secondary metabolites acted as chemical cues affecting seaweed choice by the amphipods, we used the same plastic mimics, one of which was brushed with crude extracts from the most‐consumed seaweeds and a control. The consumption of Gracilaria cervicornis by amphipods was around three times higher than that of the other offered species, likely due to its paucity of chemical and physical defenses. The highest contents of nitrogen and crude proteins in this species may have contributed to its high consumption. Amphipods also used G. cervicornis as a shelter more than its mimic, but exhibited no preference between other seaweeds and their mimics, indicating that a more palatable refuge is preferred. This idea was corroborated when amphipods were able to detect chemical cues of G. cervicornis painted over a plastic mimic of similar structure and preferred it over the control mimic, which had the same complexity but no chemicals. Our results suggest that amphipods use chemical cues to identify high‐quality habitat regarding refuge (complexity) and food source (nutritional value).
Relative arbitrage: Sharp time horizons and motion by curvature
Authors: Larsson Martin , Ruf Johannes 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe characterize the minimal time horizon over which any equity market with stocks and sufficient intrinsic volatility admits relative arbitrage with respect to the market portfolio. If , the minimal time horizon can be computed explicitly, its value being zero if and if . If , the minimal time horizon can be characterized via the arrival time function of a geometric flow of the unit simplex in that we call the minimum curvature flow.
Candidaemia in Central Slovenia: A 12‐year retrospective survey
Authors: Matos Tadeja , Lejko Zupanc Tatjana , Skofljanec Andreja , Jazbec Anja , Matos Erika , Maver Vodičar Polona , Germ Julija , Ciglar Tadeja , Tomazin Rok , Kofol Romina , Mueller Premru Manica , Pirs Mateja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCandida bloodstream infections (BSI) became an important invasive disease in the late 20th century, in particular among immunocompromised patients. Although considerable progress has been made in the management of patients with invasive mycoses, Candida BSI are still widespread among hospitalised patients and are associated with relatively high mortality.ObjectivesWe conducted a retrospective study to evaluate patient characteristics, incidence, species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of BSI isolates of Candida spp. as well as outcomes of Candida BSI from 2001 to 2012, before the widespread use of echinocandins. This is the first epidemiological study of Candida BSI in Slovenia so far.MethodsAll documented candidaemia cases from 2001 to 2012 in two major hospitals—University Medical Centre and Institute of Oncology in Ljubljana, Slovenia—were taken into consideration. Candida BSI were identified in 422 patients (250 male, 172 female). Laboratory and clinical data of these patients were retrospectively analysed. Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables and Fisher's exact test or chi‐squared test for categorical variables.Results and conclusionsThe average incidence of Candida BSI was 0.524/10.000 patient‐days (0,317/1000 admissions); 16/422 were younger than 1 year and 251/422 patients were over 60 years old. The most commonly isolated species were Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, followed by Candida parapsilosis. Majority of the patients had a single episode of Candida BSI, multiple episodes of Candida BSI occurred in 18/434 patients (4.1%); in 25/434 patients (5.8%) mixed Candida BSI were observed. Crude 30‐day case‐fatality rate was 55.4%.
Primary tissues may affect estimates of cavitation resistance in ferns
Authors: Pittermann Jarmila , Baer Alex , Sang Ying 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Different methods of measuring cavitation resistance in fern petioles lead to variable results, particularly with respect to the P50 metric. We hypothesised that the fern dictyostele structure affects air entry into the xylem, and therefore impacts the shape of the vulnerability curve.

Our study examined this variation by comparing vulnerability curves constructed on petioles collected from evergreen and deciduous ferns in the field, with curves generated using the standard centrifuge, air‐injection and bench‐top dehydration methods. Additional experiments complemented the vulnerability curves to better understand how anatomy shapes estimates of cavitation resistance.

Centrifugation and radial air injection generated acceptable vulnerability curves for the deciduous species, but overestimated drought resistance in the two evergreen ferns. In these hardy plants, axial air injection and bench‐top dehydration produced results that most closely aligned with observations in nature. Additional experiments revealed that the dictyostele anatomy impedes air entry into the xylem during spinning and radial air injection.

Each method produced acceptable vulnerability curves, depending on the species being tested. Therefore, we stress the importance of validating the curves with in situ measures of water potential and, if possible, hydraulic data to generate realistic results with any of the methods currently available.
Nuclear status and leaf tumor formation in the Ustilago maydis–maize pathosystem
Authors: Lin Jer‐Sheng , Happel Petra , Kahmann Regine 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic fungus causing smut disease in corn. The infectious forms are dikaryotic hyphae. Here we analyze mutants lacking the nlt1 transcription factor and investigate why these mutants are unable to induce leaf tumors.

The study involved reverse genetics, complementation, epistasis analysis, microscopy, gene expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and virulence assays.

We show that nlt1 mutants colonize maize leaves efficiently but fail to undergo karyogamy and are attenuated in late proliferation. Nlt1 activates transcription of ros1, a transcription factor controlling karyogamy, and represses see1, an effector previously shown to contribute to leaf tumor induction. In mononuclate solopathogenic strains, nlt1 mutants cause attenuated leaf tumor formation. In actively dividing maize organs, nlt1 mutants undergo karyogamy and induce tumor formation. Sporisorium reilianum, a smut fungus unable to induce leaf tumors, possesses an ortholog of nlt1 that controls the fusion of dikaryotic nuclei late in infection during cob colonization.

Our results have established a regulatory connection between nlt1, ros1 and see1 and suggest the existence of two stages contributing to leaf tumor formation, one before nuclear fusion and involving nlt1 and one after karyogamy that is nlt1 independent.
Domestic and Global Determinants of Inflation: Evidence from Expectile Regression*
Authors: Busetti Fabio , Caivano Michele , Delle Monache Davide 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of domestic and global determinants of core inflation in the euro area. We analyse the entire conditional distribution of inflation by estimating a Phillips curve type relationship with the method of expectile regression, here extended to capture time‐varying effects. Both domestic and foreign output gap appear to drive euro area core inflation. Domestic output gap has a bigger influence in the right tail of the conditional distribution of inflation than in the left tail, providing evidence of nonlinearity of the Phillips curve. In a time‐varying perspective, we find an increase in the response of inflation to domestic gap at the lower quantiles and a higher pass‐through of foreign prices in all regions of the distribution. Overall, the evidence on the so‐called ‘globalization hypothesis’ is mixed as the impact of global slack on domestic inflation remained broadly stable over time.
Age‐ and Gender‐Specific Epidemiologic Characteristics of Major Intra‐Articular Fractures: Five‐Year Data from a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Zhao Wei‐guang , Zhu Yan‐bin , Ma Jiang‐tao , Yan Xiao‐li , Zhang Ying‐ze 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of major intra‐articular fractures.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled patients with major intra‐articular fractures who were treated in the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2015 to December 2019. A total of 11,084 patients (7,338 [66.20%] males and 3,746 [33.80%] females) meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The distribution characteristics of intra‐articular fractures involving shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, and subtalar joints were identified.The potential associations between fractures and various other factors, such as age, gender, sites, were explored.ResultsThere were 74 cases (0.67%) of shoulder fractures, 1,941 cases (17.51%) of elbow fractures, 1,155 cases (10.42%) of wrist fractures, 520 cases (4.69%) of hip fractures, 3,118 cases (28.13%) of knee fractures, 2,156 cases (19.45%) of ankle fractures, and 2,120 cases (19.13%) of subtalar fractures. The overall male‐to‐female ratio was 1.96:1. The highest proportion age group of major intra‐articular fractures included the ages 45–54 years. For males, the highest proportion age group was 45–54 years, for females, it was 55–64 years. The knee joint fracture was the most common type, accounting for 28.13%. For male and female patients, knee fractures accounted for 26.19% and 31.93%, respectively, with a male to female ratio of 1.13:1. The proportion of shoulder fractures was the smallest among this investigation, accounting for 0.67%. For male and female patients, shoulder fractures accounted for 0.44% and 1.12%, respectively, with a male to female ratio of 0.76:1. The age group with the highest proportion of shoulder joint fractures was ≥65 year olds (41.89%), with a male to female ratio of 0.76:1. The age group with the highest risk of elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, and subtalar joint fracture was 5–14 year olds (33.59%) with a male to female ratio of 3.29:1, 5–14 year olds (23.98%) with a male to female ratio of 6.91:1, 45–54 year olds (26.92%) with a male to female ratio of 5.67:1, 45–54 year olds (24.60%) with a male to female ratio of 1.68:1, 25–34 year olds (20.36%) with a male to female ratio of 2.30:1, 45–54 year olds (27.41%) with a male to female ratio of 9.02:1, respectively. The most common site of intra‐articular fractures in different age groups was corresponding as follows: 0–4 year olds (elbow), 5–14 year olds (elbow), 15–24 year olds (ankle), 25–34 year olds (subtalar joint), 35–44 year olds (subtalar joint), 45–54 year olds (knee), 55–64 year olds (knee), 65–74 year olds (knee), and ≥75 year olds (knee).ConclusionThe current study revealed the age‐ and gender‐specific epidemiological characteristics of major intra‐articular fractures, providing a basis for clinical evaluation and practices.