bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended Anticoagulant Treatment with Full- or Reduced-Dose Apixaban in Patients with Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: Rationale and Design of the API-CAT Study
Authors: Mahé Isabelle , Agnelli Giancarlo , Ay Cihan , Bamias Aristotelis , Becattini Cecilia , Carrier Marc , Chapelle Céline , Cohen Alexander T. , Girard Philippe , Huisman Menno V. , Klok Frederikus A. , López-Núñez Juan J. , Maraveyas Anthony , Mayeur Didier , Mir Olivier , Monreal Manuel , Righini Marc , Samama Charles M. , Syrigos Kostas , Szmit Sebastian , Torbicki Adam , Verhamme Peter , Vicaut Eric , Wang Tzu-Fei , Meyer Guy , Laporte Silvy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCancer-associated thrombosis (CT) is associated with a high risk of recurrent venous thromboembolic (VTE) events that require extended anticoagulation in patients with active cancer, putting them at risk of bleeding. The aim of the API-CAT study (NCT03692065) is to assess whether a reduced-dose regimen of apixaban (2.5 mg twice daily [bid]) is noninferior to a full-dose regimen of apixaban (5 mg bid) for the prevention of recurrent VTE in patients with active cancer who have completed ≥6 months of anticoagulant therapy for a documented index event of proximal deep-vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. API-CAT is an international, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, noninferiority trial with blinded adjudication of outcome events. Consecutive patients are randomized to receive apixaban 2.5 or 5 mg bid for 12 months. The primary efficacy outcome is a composite of recurrent symptomatic or incidental VTE during the treatment period. The principal safety endpoint is clinically relevant bleeding, defined as a composite of major bleeding or nonmajor clinically relevant bleeding. Assuming a 12-month incidence of the primary outcome of 4% with apixaban and an upper limit of the two-sided 95% confidence interval of the hazard ratio <2.0, 1,722 patients will be randomized, assuming an up to 10% loss in total patient-years (β = 80%; α one-sided = 0.025). This trial has the potential to demonstrate that a regimen of extended treatment for patients with CT beyond an initial 6 months, with a reduced apixaban dose, has an acceptable risk of recurrent VTE recurrence and decreases the risk of bleeding.
Evolution and Transformation of Uterine Transplantation: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques and Outcomes
Authors: Escandón Joseph M. , Bustos Valeria P. , Santamaría Eric , Langstein Howard N. , Ciudad Pedro , Hernandez-Alejandro Roberto , Moore Richard G. , Leckenby Jonathan I. , Manrique Oscar J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Uterine transplantation (UTx) is acknowledged to be on the second (2A) of five steps of development in accordance with the staging system for the evaluation of surgical innovations. Accordingly, we aimed to systematically review the available evidence of the surgical techniques and outcomes of UTx in terms of graft survival.
Methods A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed Medline, Cochrane-EBMR, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL through November 2020.
Results Forty studies, reporting 64 recipients and 64 donors, satisfied inclusion criteria. The surgical time and the estimated blood loss were 515 minutes and 679 mL for graft procurement via laparotomy, 210 minutes and 100 mL for laparoscopic-assisted graft harvest, and 660 minutes and 173 mL for robotic-assisted procedures, respectively. Urinary tract infections (n = 8) and injury to the urinary system (n = 6) were the most common donor complications. Using the donor's internal iliac system, two arterial anastomoses were performed in all cases. Venous outflow was accomplished through the uterine veins (UVs) in 13 cases, a combination of the UVs and the ovarian/uteroovarian veins (OVs/UOVs) in 36 cases, and solely through the OVs/UOVs in 13 cases. Ischemia time was 161 and 258 minutes when using living donors (LD) and deceased donors (DD), respectively. Forty-eight uteri were successfully transplanted or fulfilled the purpose of transplantation, 41 from LDs and 7 from DDs. Twenty-five and four live childbirths from LDs and DDs have been reported, respectively.
Conclusion UTx is still experimental. Further series are required to recommend specific surgical techniques that best yield a successful transplant and reduce complications for donors and recipients.
21.11.7 Chemoselective Ligation Methods Based on the Concept of Native Chemical Ligation
Authors: Malins L. R. , Payne R. J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter extends from the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution on peptide synthesis (Section 21.11) and focuses on recent developments in chemoselective ligation chemistry based on the logic of native chemical ligation. Synthetic strategies that broaden the scope and versatility of the ligation reaction and that have been widely adopted for the preparation of homogeneous peptides and proteins are highlighted. Methods enabling the efficient preparation of peptide ligation precursors are also included in this chapter.
Simulation based study of magnetic velocity induction system by using Analysis System Electromagnetics Suite
Authors: Wu Xiao , Akram Muhammad Sabeeh , Liu Fu-Sheng , Xu Quan-Yu , Yang Kai , Li Wei-Qi , Li Jun Jun , Ma Xiao-Juan 
Published: September 2021

The magnetic velocity induction system (MAVIS) is commonly used for velocimetry in shock compression experiment. Due to some discrepancies, the variation in induced voltage amplitude is ambiguous, which makes the simulation of this experiment particularly significant. In this work, we have designed a MAVIS, which was used to determine the induced voltage amplitude and flyer velocity. We built a three-dimensional model of MAVIS and performed the simulations using the Analysis System Electromagnetics Suite. Additionally, we performed some experiments and compared the results of both studies on the basis of flyer thickness, radius, and velocity. It was established that the flyer velocity influenced the induced electromotive force (EMF) in the pick-up coils. The increase in flyer radius led to the increase in the induced EMF. The cut-off radius for flyers was also discussed in detail by computing the lowest induced EMFs at discrete flyer velocities and radii. Due to the eddy current loss, experimental data laid slightly lower than simulations. The simulation data have proved its accuracy within the experimental error range. Thus, it can be applied as an economical framework to calculate projectile velocity precisely, regardless of its geometry, and to estimate the trigger level of the oscilloscope before performing the experiments. In order to enhance the quality of induced voltage, we also proposed a new design consisting of three pick-up coils. This redesigned MAVIS contributed significantly in signal narrowing as well as controlled the loss in amplitude peaks that reduced the experimental uncertainty in flyer velocity &lt;0.4%.
Bulk-sensitive spin-resolved resonant electron energy-loss spectroscopy (SR-rEELS): Observation of element- and spin-selective bulk plasmons
Authors: Kimura Shin-ichi , Kawabata Taishi , Matsumoto Hiroki , Ohta Yu , Yoshizumi Ayuki , Yoshida Yuto , Yamashita Takumi , Watanabe Hiroshi , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Yamamoto Naoto , Jin Xiuguang 
Published: September 2021

We have developed spin-resolved resonant electron energy-loss spectroscopy with the primary energy of 0.3–1.5 keV, which corresponds to the core excitations of 2p–3d absorption of transition metals and 3d–4f absorption of rare-earths, with the energy resolution of about 100 meV using a spin-polarized electron source as a GaAs/GaAsP strained superlattice photocathode. Element- and spin-selective carrier and valence plasmons can be observed using the resonance enhancement of core absorptions and electron spin polarization. Furthermore, bulk-sensitive electron energy-loss spectroscopy spectra can be obtained because the primary energy corresponds to the mean free path of 1–10 nm. The methodology is expected to provide us with novel information about elementary excitations by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy.
The evolution of social parasitism inFormicaants revealed by a global phylogeny
Authors: Borowiec Marek L. , Cover Stefan P. , Rabeling Christian 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceIdentifying the conditions associated with a life history transition from cooperative colony life to exploitative social parasitism is important for understanding how changes in behavior contribute to speciation. To explore the evolutionary origins of social parasitism, we reconstructed the evolutionary history ofFormicaants because half of all species are social parasites and all socially parasitic life history syndromes known from eusocial insects are represented in this genus. We demonstrate that social parasites evolved from an ancestor that lost the ability to establish new colonies independently and that highly specialized parasites can evolve from less complex social parasite syndromes. Our findings emphasize that social parasite syndromes readily originate in socially polymorphic organisms and evolved convergently across the ant phylogeny.
Therapeutic inhibition of USP9x-mediated Notch signaling in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Jaiswal Arushi , Murakami Kiichi , Elia Andrew , Shibahara Yukiko , Done Susan J. , Wood Stephen A. , Donato Nicholas J. , Ohashi Pamela S. , Reedijk Michael 
Published: September 2021

Significance
There is clear and irrefutable evidence that the Notch developmental signaling pathway is an important driver in many cancers, specifically in breast cancer. However, because of the ubiquity of this pathway in normal tissues, therapeutics targeting Notch have been associated with significant deleterious side effects. Herein, we provide evidence that USP9x selectively drives Notch in breast cancer and that therapeutic USP9x inhibition prevents tumor progression without collateral damage to normal tissues.
A strong nonequilibrium bound for sorting of cross-linkers on growing biopolymers
Authors: Qiu Yuqing , Nguyen Michael , Hocky Glen M. , Dinner Aaron R. , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Understanding the connection between microscopic driving forces in biological systems and their emergent structures remains an outstanding challenge. We tackle this problem by deriving a fluctuation–response bound in the context of actin polymerization and bundling and verify its robustness far from equilibrium through simulation. Our results show how actin polymerization, molecular fluxes of cross-linker binding, and the morphology of the growing bundle are associated quantitatively; when the bound is saturated, it becomes a nonequilibrium linear-response relation. Molecular driving forces are difficult to measure directly in biological systems, and this work represents a first step toward estimating them from experimentally accessible quantities such as molecular fluxes and compositions.
Conversations about race in Black and White US families: Before and after George Floyd’s death
Authors: Sullivan J. Nicky , Eberhardt Jennifer L. , Roberts Steven O. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
In the United States, Black households and White households have very different conversations about race. After the death of George Floyd, Black parents were even more likely to have such conversations with their children and to prepare their children to experience racial bias than they were before Floyd’s death. White parents were less likely to talk about being White and more likely to socialize their children toward colorblindness. In addition, White parents remained relatively unconcerned that their children may experience or perpetrate racial bias.
Dynamics of thin precursor film in wetting of nanopatterned surfaces
Authors: Anand Utkarsh , Ghosh Tanmay , Aabdin Zainul , Koneti Siddardha , Xu XiuMei , Holsteyns Frank , Mirsaidov Utkur 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Wetting of rough surfaces is ubiquitous in nature and plays an important role in many natural and industrial processes. However, not much is known about the nanoscale details of the wetting. This gap in our understanding of wetting stems from a lack of suitable methods that enable direct imaging of interactions between liquids and nanoscale patterns. Here, using liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy, we directly image the wetting of dense arrays of patterned vertical nanopillars. Our observations show that wetting proceeds through the spreading of an ultrathin precursor liquid film followed by complete capillary-action–induced wetting of the nanopillars. Our observations that shed light on the details of wetting are critical for numerous applications in nanofabrication and surface engineering.
Testing a procedure to determine spatial proximity in semi-free-ranging macaque groups
Authors: Mármol Laura , Meunier Hélène , Dolado Ruth , Beltran Francesc S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Individuals’ spatial position is affected by social factors. The majority of studies correlating spatial position and social factors have used methods with drawbacks. A more complete method was developed by Dolado & Beltran (2011) in captive animals. The present study aimed to apply a modified version of this method in two semi-free-ranging macaque groups. The proposed method divides group’s surroundings into different subareas, selecting different points in each subarea and calculating the coordinates of these points. We filmed each group and analyzed the videos using an activated time transition recording to determine the individuals’ coordinates. With these data, we calculated spatial variables, allowing us to obtain groups’ spatial patterns. The current method improves on previous procedures and could be applied to larger study areas and groups than the method of Dolado & Beltran (2011), thus representing a viable option for studying spatial distribution patterns in semi-free-ranging macaque groups.
Vertigo in childhood
Authors: Balzanelli Cristiano , Spataro Daniele , Redaelli de Zinis Luca Oscar 
Published: September 2021

Objective
The current chapter will focus on epidemiological, etiological, and clinical data to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic approach of balance disorders in childhood.

Methods
Personal experience and analysis of the literature.

Results
The vestibular system is one of the first functioning systems of the human body. The vestibulo ocular reflex (VOR) is present at birth, and its values approaches those of a normal adult by 2 months of age. The vestibulospinal and vestibulocollic mechanism and the effectiveness of the vestibular system in postural control develop along a more protracted time course. Postural stability is mainly controlled by visual inputs in infants and children, whereas somatosensory inputs are primary in adults. Children begin to properly use somatosensory information at 3-6 years of age. Competence of the sensory systems to manage intersensory conflict is reached around 15 years of age.

Conclusion
Balance disorders, at any stage of a children neurodevelopment, can be very debilitating, worsening their basic daily activities and they can lead to psycho-neurological, affective, and behavioral dysfunctions.
Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube on thermal decomposition, mechanical and heat-induced shape memory properties of crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Fan Leiming , Mei Xinliang , Zhang Juan , Zhu Jiaxing , Wang Xingsheng , Li Yanchun , Cai Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Shape memory polymers are attractive smart materials that have many promising applications in a wide variety of fields. Here the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was used to adjust the performance of crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which had acetal reaction with glutaraldehyde (GA). The thermal degradation, mechanical strength and shape recovery properties of PVA/MWCNT/GA membranes were investigated by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray scattering, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile test and thermal-stimulus shape memory recovery measurements. The MWCNT embedded in the crosslinked PVA matrix accelerated the breaking of C–O bonds. The mechanical strength and shape recovery properties of PVA/MWCNT/GA composites were tunable. As the MWCNT loading increase in crosslinked PVA matrix, the yield strength increased from 3.85 MPa to 10.21 MPa, breaking elongation decreased from 230% to 50%, the 100% shape recovery time decreased from 27 s to 16 s, respectively.
Single-beam multimodal nonlinear-optical imaging of structurally complex events in cell-cycle dynamics
Authors: Lanin A A , Chebotarev A S , Kelmanson I V , Pochechuev M S , Fetisova E S , Bilan D S , Shevchenko E K , Ivanov A A , Fedotov A B , Belousov V V , Zheltikov A M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate a multimodal nonlinear-optical imaging that combines second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG and THG) with three-photon-excited fluorescence (3PEF) as a means to resolve fine details of the cell structure and trace its transformations throughout structurally complex episodes of cell-cycle dynamics, including the key stages and signatures in cell division. When zoomed in on cell mitosis, this technique enables a high-contrast multimodal imaging of intra- and extracellular signatures of cell division, detecting, via a multiplex, 3PEF/SHG/THG readout, a remarkable diversity of shapes, sizes, and symmetries in a truly single-beam setting, with no need for beam refocusing or field-waveform re-adjustment.
Made in Manchuria: The Transnational Origins of Socialist Industrialization in Maoist China
Authors: Hirata Koji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With its high concentration of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in heavy industry, Manchuria (Northeast China) functioned as a symbol of the “socialist industrialization” in the early years of the People’s Republic of China (PRC, 1949–). Many Manchurian SOEs nevertheless originated as Japanese colonial enterprises founded before 1945. Drawing on archives and interviews in Chinese, Japanese, English, and Russian, I trace industrial Manchuria’s transformation before and after the Communist Revolution with a particular focus on Anshan Iron and Steel Works (Angang). I argue that the industrial legacies of imperial Japan and Nationalist China in Manchuria facilitated China’s transition to a Soviet-style socialist planned economy under Mao Zedong’s leadership (1949–76). The early PRC developed a new system of socialist industrialization by simultaneously learning from Soviet economic planning and deploying physical assets, human resources, and economic institutions left by the Japanese and the Nationalists. My findings expand on recent scholarship on the pre-Communist origins of the early PRC by elucidating the significance of the Japanese influence. More broadly, I also argue that China’s socialist industrialization was decisively influenced by the global spread of state-directed developmental visions during the interwar period, thereby demonstrating the fundamental interconnectedness between capitalism and socialism in the twentieth century.
DKK1 suppresses WWP2 to enhance bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma via regulating GLI2 ubiquitination
Authors: Zhang Qiguo , Gong Wenyu , Wu Hongyan , Wang Jing , Jin Qichuan , Lin Chun , Xu Shiyun , Bao Wenqiang , Wang Yin , Wu Jing , Feng Shanshan , Zhao Changzhi , Chen Bing , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bortezomib-based chemotherapy represents the most prevalent regimens for multiple myeloma (MM), whereas acquired drug resistance remains a major obstacle. Myeloma cells often produce excessive amount of dickkopf-1 (DKK1), giving rise to myeloma bone disease. However, it remains obscure about the effects and mechanisms of DKK1 in the progression and bortezomib responsiveness of MM cells. In the current study, we found WWP2, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, was downregulated in the bortezomib-resistant cells along with high expression of DKK1. Further investigation revealed that WWP2 was a direct target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and DKK1 suppressed the expression of WWP2 via canonical Wnt signaling. We further identified that WWP2 mediated the ubiquitination and degradation of GLI2, a main transcriptional factor of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Therefore, DKK1-induced WWP2 downregulation improved GLI2 stability and activation of Hh signaling pathway, contributing to the resistance to bortezomib of MM cells. Clinical data also validated that WWP2 expression was associated with the treatment response and clinic outcomes of MM patients. WWP2 overexpression restricted MM progression and enhanced cell sensitivity to bortezomib treatment in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that DKK1 facilitates the generation of bortezomib resistance in MM via downregulating WWP2 and activating Hh pathway. Thus, the manipulation of DKK1–WWP2–GLI2 axis might sensitize myeloma cells to proteasome inhibitors.
Low Environmental Temperature Exacerbates Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Golden Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Chan Jasper Fuk Woo , Poon Vincent Kwok Man , Chan Chris Chung Sing , Chik Kenn Ka Heng , Tsang Jessica Oi Ling , Zou Zijiao , Chan Chris Chun Yiu , Lee Andrew Chak Yiu , Li Can , Liang Ronghui , Cao Jianli , Tang Kaiming , Yuen Terrence Tsz Tai , Hu Bingjie , Huang Xiner , Chai Yue , Shuai Huiping , Luo Cuiting , Cai Jian Piao , Chan Kwok Hung , Sridhar Siddharth , Yin Feifei , Kok Kin Hang , Chu Hin , Zhang Anna Jinxia , Yuan Shuofeng , Yuen Kwok Yung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The effect of low environmental temperature on viral shedding and disease severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is uncertain.

Methods
We investigated the virological, clinical, pathological, and immunological changes in hamsters housed at room (21°C), low (12–15°C), and high (30–33°C) temperature after challenge by 105 plaque-forming units of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Results
The nasal turbinate, trachea, and lung viral load and live virus titer were significantly higher (~0.5-log10 gene copies/β-actin, P &lt; .05) in the low-temperature group at 7 days postinfection (dpi). The low-temperature group also demonstrated significantly higher level of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 3, and lower level of the antiviral IFN-α in lung tissues at 4 dpi than the other 2 groups. Their lungs were grossly and diffusely hemorrhagic, with more severe and diffuse alveolar and peribronchiolar inflammatory infiltration, bronchial epithelial cell death, and significantly higher mean total lung histology scores. By 7 dpi, the low-temperature group still showed persistent and severe alveolar inflammation and hemorrhage, and little alveolar cell proliferative changes of recovery. The viral loads in the oral swabs of the low-temperature group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups from 10 to 17 dpi by about 0.5–1.0 log10 gene copies/β-actin. The mean neutralizing antibody titer of the low-temperature group was significantly (P &lt; .05) lower than that of the room temperature group at 7 dpi and 30 dpi.

Conclusions
This study provided in vivo evidence that low environmental temperature exacerbated the degree of virus shedding, disease severity, and tissue proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines expression, and suppressed the neutralizing antibody response of SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. Keeping warm in winter may reduce the severity of COVID-19.