bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collateral status reperfusion and outcomes after endovascular therapy: insight from the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) Registry
Authors: Anadani Mohammad , Finitsis Stephanos , Clarençon Frédéric , Richard Sébastien , Marnat Gaultier , Bourcier Romain , Sibon Igor , Dargazanli Cyril , Arquizan Caroline , Blanc Raphael , Lapergue Bertrand , Consoli Arturo , Eugene Francois , Vannier Stephane , Spelle Laurent , Denier Christian , Boulanger Marion , Gauberti Maxime , Liebeskind David S , de Havenon Adam , Saleme Suzana , Macian Francisco , Rosso Charlotte , Naggara Olivier , Turc Guillaume , Ozkul-Wermester Ozlem , Papagiannaki Chrisanthi , Viguier Alain , Cognard Christophe , Le Bras Anthony , Evain Sarah , Wolff Valerie , Pop Raoul , Timsit Serge , Gentric Jean-Christophe , Bourdain Frédéric , Veunac Louis , Maier Benjamin , Gory Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundStudies have suggested that collateral status modifies the effect of successful reperfusion on functional outcome after endovascular therapy (EVT). We aimed to assess the association between collateral status and EVT outcomes and to investigate whether collateral status modified the effect of successful reperfusion on EVT outcomes.MethodsWe used data from the ongoing, prospective, multicenter Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) Registry. Collaterals were graded according to the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) guidelines. Patients were divided into two groups based on angiographic collateral status: poor (grade 0–2) versus good (grade 3–4) collaterals.ResultsAmong 2020 patients included in the study, 959 (47%) had good collaterals. Good collaterals were associated with favorable outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2) (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.88). Probability of good outcome decreased with increased time from onset to reperfusion in both good and poor collateral groups. Successful reperfusion was associated with higher odds of favorable outcome in good collaterals (OR 6.01, 95% CI 3.27 to 11.04) and poor collaterals (OR 5.65, 95% CI 3.32 to 9.63) with no significant interaction. Similarly, successful reperfusion was associated with higher odds of excellent outcome (90-day mRS 0–1) and lower odds of mortality in both groups with no significant interaction. The benefit of successful reperfusion decreased with time from onset in both groups, but the curve was steeper in the poor collateral group.ConclusionsCollateral status predicted functional outcome after EVT. However, collateral status on the pretreatment angiogram did not decrease the clinical benefit of successful reperfusion.
Synthesis and photoelectric properties of SnSe films through selenization of evaporated Sn-metal films
Authors: Wang Shun , Shen Honglie , Cui Shusong , Li Yufang 
Published: June 2021

Sn precursor layer was evaporated on a glass substrate by an electron-beam evaporation method and followed by selenization using Se powder. SnSe film was successfully prepared by adjusting the selenization temperature and selenization time. The phase, microstructure and optical properties of the SnSe films were studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The results demonstrated that the pure phase polycrystalline SnSe films with a band gap of 0.93 eV could be prepared by selenizing at 450[Formula: see text]C for 60 min. Under the irradiation of a 980 nm laser with a power of 2 mW/cm2, photoelectric response characteristics of the SnSe films were tested, and the response time and recovery time of the prepared film were 62 ms and 80 ms, respectively, indicating that the SnSe film had a large application prospect in near-infrared light detection.
Phase 0 Clinical Trial of Everolimus in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma or Meningioma
Authors: Karajannis Matthias A. , Mauguen Audrey , Maloku Ekrem , Xu Qingwen , Dunbar Erin M. , Plotkin Scott R. , Yaffee Anna , Wang Shiyang , Roland J. Thomas , Sen Chandranath , Placantonakis Dimitris G. , Golfinos John G. , Allen Jeffrey C. , Vitanza Nicholas A. , Chiriboga Luis A. , Schneider Robert J. , Deng Jingjing , Neubert Thomas A. , Goldberg Judith D. , Zagzag David , Giancotti Filippo G. , Blakeley Jaishri O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Inhibition of mTORC1 signaling has been shown to diminish growth of meningiomas and schwannomas in preclinical studies, and clinical data suggest that everolimus, an orally administered mTORC1 inhibitor, may slow tumor progression in a subset of patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) with vestibular schwannoma. To assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and potential mechanisms of treatment resistance, we performed a presurgical (phase 0) clinical trial of everolimus in patients undergoing elective surgery for vestibular schwannoma or meningiomas. Eligible patients with meningioma or vestibular schwannoma requiring tumor resection enrolled on study received everolimus 10 mg daily for 10 days immediately prior to surgery. Everolimus blood levels were determined immediately before and after surgery. Tumor samples were collected intraoperatively. Ten patients completed protocol therapy. Median pre- and postoperative blood levels of everolimus were found to be in a high therapeutic range (17.4 ng/mL and 9.4 ng/mL, respectively). Median tumor tissue drug concentration determined by mass spectrometry was 24.3 pg/mg (range, 9.2–169.2). We observed only partial inhibition of phospho-S6 in the treated tumors, indicating incomplete target inhibition compared with control tissues from untreated patients (P = 0.025). Everolimus led to incomplete inhibition of mTORC1 and downstream signaling. These data may explain the limited antitumor effect of everolimus observed in clinical studies for patients with NF2 and will inform the design of future preclinical and clinical studies targeting mTORC1 in meningiomas and schwannomas.
Pubertal Body Mass Index Change Is Associated With Adult Coronary Atherosclerosis and Acute Coronary Events in Men
Authors: Kindblom Jenny M. , Bygdell Maria , Hjelmgren Ola , Martikainen Jari , Rosengren Annika , Bergström Göran , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
The aim with the present study was to evaluate the association between pubertal body mass index (BMI) change and adult coronary artery calcification (CAC) score and risk of acute coronary events.

Approach and Results:
We included 37 672 men from the BMI Epidemiology Study and calculated their pubertal BMI change (BMI at 20 years−BMI at 8 years). Coronary artery computed tomography analysis of CAC score, midlife BMI, and major risk factors for coronary heart disease were available for a sub-cohort through linkage with the SCAPIS (Swedish Cardio Pulmonary Bioimage Study) cohort (n=922). Information on first acute coronary events was retrieved from Swedish national registers (n=37 672, events n=1873). Pubertal BMI change (odds ratio per SD increase, 1.32 [1.14–1.52]), but not childhood BMI, was associated with middle age CAC score ≥1. This association for pubertal BMI change was maintained after adjustment for midlife BMI at CAC analysis and in a model including major cardiovascular risk factors. Individuals who became overweight during puberty (hazard ratio, 2.11 [1.79–2.49]), but not those overweight at 8 years who normalized their weight during puberty, had substantially increased risk of acute coronary events compared with men who were never overweight. Among subjects with an acute coronary event, individuals with pubertal onset overweight were at increased risk of death due to the event.

Conclusions:
Pubertal BMI change is an independent predictor of CAC score and risk of acute coronary events in adult men. Excessive BMI increase during puberty may initiate the coronary atherosclerotic process, thereby increasing the risk and severity of adult acute coronary events.
Assessing the Relationship of Applied Force and Ablation Duration on Lesion Size Using a Diamond Tip Catheter Ablation System
Authors: Verma Atul , Schmidt Megan M. , Lalonde Jean-Pierre , Ramirez David A. , Getman Michael K. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Contact force has proven to be influential for lesion formation in power-controlled radiofrequency ablation. Lesion formation and morphology from a temperature-controlled diamond tip radiofrequency ablation catheter is not well described. We hypothesize that lesion formation from a temperature-controlled radiofrequency system is independent of applied force over short application durations.

Methods:
This study examined lesion depth, surface width, temperature, and ablation parameters of the DiamondTemp Ablation (Medtronic, Inc) system for ablation applications delivered with varying application duration (5, 10, and 15 s) and applied force (5, 10, and 30 g). Lesions from perpendicular radiofrequency applications were analyzed in a stepwise fashion from a computational model, thermochromic gel data (n=36), and porcine thigh preparation (n=231) experiments.

Results:
Varying applied force across each application duration consistently generated comparable lesion dimensions for each model. In the computational model, lesion depths from a 5 s application with 5, 10, and 30 g of applied force were similar (2.3, 2.6, and 3.0 mm, respectively). Also, the 5 s lesion depths in the gel model were consistent across applied force (5 g, 3.2±0.1 mm; 10 g, 3.5±0.1 mm; 30 g, 3.5±0.2 mm). In the thigh model, the 5, 10, and 30 g applied forces for 5 s created lesion depths of 3.1±0.5, 3.2±1.0, and 3.2±1.1 mm, respectively. For the 10 and 15 s durations, the lesion depth and width remained consistent for the 10 and 30 g applied forces. Increases in lesion depth and width, percentage of impedance reduction, minimum power, and maximum temperature were only significant when application duration increased (from 5 to 15 s).

Conclusions:
Lesion dimensions with the DiamondTemp Ablation temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation system showed no marked change with increased applied force. Short application durations generated consistent lesion dimensions across computational, thermochromic gel, and thigh models.
Identification of specific odour compounds from garlic cloves infected with the potato tuber nematode, Ditylenchus destructor, using gas chromatography-olfactometry
Authors: Koga Yuki , Yoshiga Toyoshi , Shindo Jun-ichi , Aoyama Rie , Nishimuta Kou , Koyama Reon , Miyamoto Hideki , Haraguchi Tomokazu , Ryuda Noriko , Ueno Daisuke 
Published: June 2021

Summary
The potato tuber or potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor, causes severe damage to garlic (Allium sativum) produced in Japan. Although consumption of a nematode-infected garlic bulb is not harmful to human health, it causes consumer dissatisfaction because the infected bulb deteriorates quickly. In addition, nematode-contaminated garlic cloves are inadvertently used as seed garlic for next season, which then leads to nematode-infested fields and increases yield loss. However, infected garlic bulbs look the same as healthy ones, and hence have been unknowingly distributed and sold. A method is needed to discriminate infected garlic bulbs from non-infected garlic bulbs before distribution in the market, but to date no suitable technique has been developed. The objective of this study was to identify specific odour-active compounds associated with nematode-infected garlic through the use of analytical chemistry. Garlic cloves were infected with cultured nematodes under controlled conditions, and the volatile odour-active compounds were analysed by an ‘odour identification system’ which included gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), GC-fractionation (GC-F), GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and odour/aroma-specific database. Two specific odour-active compounds associated with nematode-infected garlic cloves were identified as allyl methyl disulfide and eugenol, and two others were tentatively identified as (E)-1-allyl-2-(prop-1-en-1-yl)disulfane and allyl methyl trisulfide. These specific odour-active compounds may be useful as indicators to detect nematode-infected garlic bulbs in a non-destructive manner.
International Trade and Economic Performance in Tanzania: Further Evidence
Authors: Kilindo Ally A. L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study investigated the role of international trade in economic performance in Tanzania for the post reform period, from 1980 to 2018. International trade is measured by disaggregated imports and exports while economic performance is measured by GDP growth. Exports are disaggregated into manufactured goods and non-manufactured goods while imports are disaggregated into capital goods and intermediate goods. To obtain robust non-spurious regression results, Dickey-Fuller (D-F) and Phillips-Peron (PP) Unit Root tests were performed. Johansen Co-integration tests were employed to investigate long-run relationships between export, imports and economic growth. The Johansen test suggested a long-run relationship between international trade and its components and economic development. In addition, the Error Correction Model (ECM) results further supported a long-run relationship between international trade and economic growth in Tanzania. This calls for further opening of the economy and further liberalisation of trade restrictions.
The State, Traditional Leadership and the Politics of Land Reforms in Malawi
Authors: Kapanga Maureen , Kayuni Happy , Chasukwa Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the political power dynamics over land between the state and traditional leadership in relation to issues surrounding the Malawi new land laws of 2016 (i.e., land reforms). The passing of new land bills in parliament represented one of the most contentious political issues in the country between the state and traditional leadership. From a political perspective, the paper takes this disagreement over land policy between traditional leadership and the state as a clash between two sources of power with land reform being merely a platform. Using the land reform process therefore, the paper examines how these sources of power were applied. The paper therefore contributes to the existing debate of the relationship between state and traditional leadership in the modern era. The findings are derived from a qualitative research through key informant interviews with selected traditional leaders, government officials, members of parliament, Civil Society activists and academics. The findings confirm what the literature says that land reform is basically a highly politicized process. Another important finding is that the current political factors show that the land reform process will ultimately be in favour of traditional leadership’s interest. The paper argues that both formal and informal powers are used by government and chiefs as they influence each other regarding which reforms to be adopted bearing mind that the interests of these players are embedded the institutional design of the same reforms.
Against Hostile Nature: The Roles of Magic and Science in Thailand’s Cave Rescue
Authors: Wattanagun Kanya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The rescue mission at Tham Luang cave in Chiang Rai, Thailand, presents a scenario in which magical rituals and technical knowledge were marshaled against hostile natural conditions. While practical endeavors were made to mitigate the risks and impediments posed by malign weather and topographical features of the cave, myths and rituals were enacted to control unruly factors not subject to human manipulation. In this paper, I argue that: 1) Magical rituals at Tham Luang cave did not originate from the participants’ confidence in the reality of supernatural beings but from their attempt to use alternative approaches to remedy a precarious situation when practical efforts and technical knowledge did not yield a desired outcome. 2) In this case, the participants regarded the reality of supernatural beings and their role in the rescue as a possibility rather than a self-evident truth.
Understanding the Human Condition through the Depiction of Protagonists in Crime and Mystery Novels
Authors: Kaewruean Kevalin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Extant criticism of crime and mystery fiction has indicated how protagonists have freedom of choice in dealing with difficult situations in different forms of risky or challenging settings. In this article, previous criticism is evaluated in terms of its reflection of an essential element of the human condition: the Self’s free will to construct the existential and spatial meanings of its phenomenological existence in relation to the Other. The article further indicates that protagonists tend to disregard their freedom and responsibility for their actions, especially when they make existential choices in traumatic or critical situations. Additionally, the dominance of others and variously suppressive spatial contexts can inhibit the protagonists from acknowledging their free will to act responsibly in order to reach their authentic existence. This article integrates Jean Paul Sartre’s concept of the human condition and the corresponding interpretative framework of spatial concepts from different thinkers, such as Edward Relph, Arnold van Gennep, Victor W. Turner and Mikhail M. Bakhtin, who emphasize the significance of places in the meaning-construction of the Self’s identity and its existence in relation to the Other. Through the integration of these theoretical frameworks, the portrayal of protagonists in contemporary crime and mystery novels is examined in order to illustrate individuals’ senses of freedom and responsibility for their own actions in existential and spatial contexts.
Review of Wind–Wave Coupling Models for Large-Eddy Simulation of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Deskos Georgios , Lee Joseph C. Y. , Draxl Caroline , Sprague Michael A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a review of existing wind–wave coupling models and parameterizations used for large-eddy simulation of the marine atmospheric boundary layer. The models are classified into two main categories: (i) the wave-phase-averaged, sea surface–roughness models and (ii) the wave-phase-resolved models. Both categories are discussed from their implementation, validity, and computational efficiency viewpoints, with emphasis given on their applicability in offshore wind energy problems. In addition to the various models discussed, a review of laboratory-scale and field-measurement databases is presented thereafter. The majority of the presented data have been gathered over many decades of studying air–sea interaction phenomena, with the most recent ones compiled to reflect an offshore wind energy perspective. Both provide valuable data for model validation. We also discuss the modeling knowledge gaps and computational challenges ahead.
How Do Multiscale Interactions Affect Extreme Precipitation in Eastern Central Asia?
Authors: Ma Qianrong , Zhang Jie , Ma Yujun , Game Asaminew Teshome , Chen Zhiheng , Chang Yi , Liu Meichen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe variability of extreme precipitation in eastern central Asia (ECA) during summer (June–August) and its corresponding mechanisms were investigated from a multiscale synergy perspective. Extreme precipitation in ECA displayed a quasi-monopole increasing pattern with abrupt change since 2000/01, which was likely dominated by increased high-latitude North Atlantic SST anomalies as shown by diagnosed and numerical experiment results. Increased SST via adjusting the quasi-stationary wave train that related to the negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the east Atlantic/western Russia (EA/WR) pattern guided the cyclonic anomaly in central Asia, deepened the Lake Balkhash trough, and enhanced the moisture convergence in ECA. These anomalies also exhibited interdecadal enhancement after 2000. On the synoptic scale, two synoptic transient wave trains correlated with extreme precipitation in ECA by amplifying the amplitude of the quasi-stationary waves and guiding transient eddies in ECA. The induced transient eddies and deepened Lake Balkhash trough strengthened positive meridional vorticity advection and local positive vorticity, which promoted ascending motions, and guided the southerly warm moisture in ECA especially after 2000. Meanwhile, additional mesoscale vortices were stimulated and strengthened near the Tianshan Mountain in front of the wave trough, which, together with the enhanced meridional circulation, further increased extreme precipitation in ECA.
Significance of Lower Body Postures in Chair Design
Authors: Kim Seulgi , Lee Ilseok , Kang Sang Hyeon , Jin Sangeun 
Published: June 2021

Objective This study examined a system-level perspective to investigate the changes in the whole trunk and head postures while sitting with various lower extremity postures. Background Sitting biomechanics has focused mainly on the lumbar region only, whereas the anatomy literature has suggested various links from the head and lower extremity. Method Seventeen male participants were seated in six lower extremity postures, and the trunk kinematics and muscle activity measures were captured for 5 s. Results Changes in the trunk-thigh angle and the knee angle affected the trunk and head postures and muscle recruitment patterns significantly, indicating significant interactions between the lower extremity and trunk while sitting. Specifically, the larger trunk-thigh angle (T135°) showed more neutral lumbar lordosis (4.0° on average), smaller pelvic flexion (1.8°), smaller head flexion (3.3°), and a less rounded shoulder (1.7°) than the smaller one (T90°). The smaller knee angle (K45°) revealed a more neutral lumbar lordosis (6.9°), smaller pelvic flexion (9.2°), smaller head flexion (2.6°), and less rounded shoulder (2.4°) than the larger condition (K180°). The more neutral posture suggested by the kinematic measures confirmed significantly less muscular recruitment in the trunk extensors, except for a significant antagonistic co-contraction. Conclusion The lower and upper back postures were more neutral, and back muscle recruitment was lower with a larger trunk-thigh angle and a smaller knee angle, but at the cost of antagonistic co-contraction. Application The costs and benefits of each lower extremity posture can be used to design an ergonomic chair and develop an improved sitting strategy.
Decentering a Mulher popular? Gender-Class and Race in Early and Contemporary Latin American Popular Feminisms
Authors: Lebon Nathalie 
Published: June 2021

Although 1980s popular feminisms were crucially concerned with the (gendered) class interests of women from the popular sectors, the concerns of racialized women were generally obscured. In the context of the new millennium, contemporary forms of self-identified popular feminisms such as the World March of Women are broader, cross-class, and multiscale coalitions that create new challenges for representation in decision-making beyond the local. These contemporary coalitions also aim for greater systemic change, explicitly embracing anticapitalism and feminism, but have generally maintained the primary gender-class focus of earlier popular feminisms, hindering their attention to antiracism and sexual identities. Embora os feminismos populares da década de 1980 estivessem extremamente preocupados com os interesses de classe (de gênero) das mulheres dos setores populares, as preocupações das mulheres racializadas eram geralmente ofuscadas. No contexto do novo milênio, as formas contemporâneas de feminismos populares auto identificados, como a Marcha Mundial das Mulheres, são coalizões mais amplas, entre classes e multiescala, que criam novos desafios para a representação no processo de tomada de decisões além do local. Essas coalizões contemporâneas têm também como objetivo uma maior mudança sistêmica, abraçando explicitamente o anticapitalismo e feminismo, mas de uma forma geral, mantiveram como foco primário os feminismos populares de gênero e classe anteriores que impediram a devida atenção no que se refere ao antirracismo e identidades sexuais.