bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distraction Stabilization of Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis: Technique and Mid- to Long-Term Outcome in 30 Cases
Authors: Inness Philip R. , Kimbrell Tiffany L. , Nemanic Sarah , Baltzer Wendy I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective To describe the dorsal laminectomy, annulectomy and distraction stabilization with pins and polymethylmethacrylate technique, its complications and outcome in the management of canine degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. To determine pre- and post-surgical foraminal width and vertebral step changes.
Study Design Multi-institutional retrospective clinical study.
Methods Medical records (2005–2020) of dogs treated (n = 30). Clinical signs, Modified Frankel Score, Texas Spinal Cord Injury Score, pain score (dorsal palpation of spine, tail dorsiflexion), imaging findings and complications were retrieved pre-operatively, perioperatively and at long-term follow-up.
Results The most common presurgical imaging findings were disc protrusion (24/25) and sclerosis of the caudal end-plate of L7 (23/30). On short- to long-term assessment 18 out of 21 dogs exhibited clinical improvement and all exhibited improved pain scores (p < 0.0001). Catastrophic complications occurred in 3 dogs, and major complications occurred in 5, of which 3 required additional surgery. Mean lumbosacral step defect reduced 60% (1.8 mm ± 2.5 mm pre-surgery to 0.7mm ± 0.9mm post-surgery, p = 0.1585). Mean foraminal width significantly increased 50% long-term (3.3 mm ± 1.0 mm pre-surgery to 5.0 mm ± 0.9 mm post-surgery, p < 0.0001).
Clinical Significance Dorsal laminectomy, annulectomy and distraction stabilization is a complex procedure which can significantly increase foraminal width, reduce pain and improve gait characteristics in dogs in the short- to long-term, and should be performed by surgeons experienced in lumbosacral pin placement.
Dynamics of transcatheter heart valves with an in vitro experiment incorporating particle image velocimetry
Authors: Liu Li , Wu Changsong , Liu Wei , Zou Wencai , Zheng Yayun , Wang Chunren , Zhang Yang 
Published: October 2021

The malfunctioning heart valve will compromise the cardiovascular circulation of the human body. Given that artificial valves can be used to replace a disabled one, a feasible in vitro evaluation system is important before any possible implantation. In this study, two types of transcatheter heart valves, namely, V-A (diameter: 23 mm) and V-B (diameter: 25 mm), are tested and compared by an in vitro experiment that incorporates a circulation system and a particle image velocimetry measuring module. Three dynamical indices, namely, the time-averaged wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, and relative residence time, are applied for the evaluation. The results show that compared with V-B, V-A leads to lower probabilities of vessel wall damage and thrombosis formation, especially when the flow rate is close to that of the human body (4 l/min). Meanwhile, an independent analysis, which mainly concerns the mean pressure difference and regurgitation volume across the two ends of the valve, demonstrates that V-A has a better performance than V-B, thus verifying the above-mentioned analysis from the perspective of fluid dynamics. Therefore, the present in vitro measuring system is considered effective in evaluating the valve functionality.
Essential role of systemic iron mobilization and redistribution for adaptive thermogenesis through HIF2-α/hepcidin axis
Authors: Yook Jin-Seon , You Mikyoung , Kim Jiyoung , Toney Ashley M. , Fan Rong , Puniya Bhanwar Lal , Helikar Tomáš , Vaulont Sophie , Deschemin Jean-Christophe , Okla Meshail , Xie Liwei , Ghosh Manik C. , Rouault Tracey A. , Lee Jaekwon , Chung Soonkyu 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Adaptive thermogenesis is a metabolic switch that converts the metabolic status of fat tissue from energy conservation to energy release into heat, thereby significantly attenuating the energy burden of obesity and diabetes. It is well known that increased iron content and subsequent mitochondrial formation are required for thermogenic activation. However, no information is available on how iron is mobilized from storage sites into thermogenic fat. Here, we show that acute hypoxia and stress-erythropoiesis responses facilitate securing iron required for white-to-beige fat conversion. Our study revealed that hepcidin down-regulation is a fundamental mechanism required for beige fat development. It also suggests that systemic iron modulation could be a promising strategy to curb obesity and metabolic complications by augmenting adaptive thermogenesis.
Rigorous derivation of the Whitham equations from the water waves equations in the shallow water regime
Authors: Emerald Louis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We derive the Whitham equations from the water waves equations in the shallow water regime using two different methods, thus obtaining a direct and rigorous link between these two models. The first one is based on the construction of approximate Riemann invariants for a Whitham–Boussinesq system and is adapted to unidirectional waves. The second one is based on a generalisation of Birkhoff’s normal form algorithm for almost smooth Hamiltonians and is adapted to bidirectional propagation. In both cases we clarify the improved accuracy on the fully dispersive Whitham model with respect to the long wave Korteweg–de Vries approximation.
Helical liquids in semiconductors
Authors: Hsu Chen-Hsuan , Stano Peter , Klinovaja Jelena , Loss Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne-dimensional helical liquids can appear at boundaries of certain condensed matter systems. Two prime examples are the edge of a quantum spin Hall insulator and the hinge of a three-dimensional second-order topological insulator. For these materials, the presence of a helical state at the boundary serves as a signature of their nontrivial electronic bulk topology. Additionally, these boundary states are of interest themselves, as a novel class of strongly correlated low-dimensional systems with interesting potential applications. Here, we review existing results on such helical liquids in semiconductors. Our focus is on the theory, though we confront it with existing experiments. We discuss various aspects of the helical liquids, such as their realization, topological protection and stability, or possible experimental characterization. We lay emphasis on the hallmark of these states, being the prediction of a quantized electrical conductance. Since so far reaching a well-quantized conductance has remained challenging experimentally, a large part of the review is a discussion of various backscattering mechanisms which have been invoked to explain this discrepancy. Finally, we include topics related to proximity-induced topological superconductivity in helical states, as an exciting application toward topological quantum computation with the resulting Majorana bound states.
Solving the problem of logistics planning in the application of biotechnology in the energy sector of the region
Authors: Nefedov D G , Ketova K V , Rusyak I G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article provides a solution to the problem of logistics planning to implement the possibility of using biotechnology in the energy sector. The technology used is the production of biogas from animal wastes. Objects participating in the biogas production process are animal husbandry enterprises that are a source of raw materials, biogas complexes that produce biogas, as well as heat sources where biogas is converted into heat energy. The structure of the optimal location of objects participating in the biogas production process on the territory is built on the example of the Udmurt Republic. An economic criterion for minimizing the cost of biogas production and its delivery to consumers was chosen as an optimization criterion. For the numerical solution of the optimization problem, a genetic algorithm with real coding was implemented, and parallel computations were carried out. The maximum volume of biogas production has been calculated, at which it is economically feasible to replace natural gas with biogas for a given territory. For this volume, the optimal number was determined and the optimal territorial distribution of biogas complexes was constructed, which supply heat sources with fuel, the number of which was also found as a result of solving the optimization problem.
The problem of state support and increasing the investment attractiveness of agriculture
Authors: Nianko V , Purtov V , Yekimov S , Lopatynskyi Y , Nemtsova A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Investing in the agricultural sector of the economy largely depends on how quickly the investments made will pay off. Private business, first of all, will invest in the agricultural business in the presence of a low cost and high quality of products. The longer the payback period of the investment, the less likely it is that it will be implemented in practice. Investments are an important source of expanding agricultural production. They enable the agricultural enterprise to carry out technical re-equipment and implement effective environmental and resource-saving technologies. State support for agriculture can consist in the development of transport infrastructure in rural areas, improving the quality of life in rural areas and increasing the labor potential of rural residents. One of the main goals of state support for agriculture is to create favorable conditions for attracting private investors to this industry. Investment activities in agriculture can be focused on improving the fertility of land resources used in agricultural production. The authors consider it expedient to provide the Central Bank with preferential conditions for commercial banks to reduce the cost of loans issued to agricultural enterprises.
Justification of the model for assessing the quality of services in agrotourism
Authors: Vasilieva E A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the substantiation of the methodology for assessing the quality of services in agrotourism. The main goal is to develop a model that would allow us to take into account all the nuances of assessing the quality of services, taking into account agricultural specifics. In this case, it is difficult to justify ways to improve efficiency, operating solely on economic performance indicators, both absolute and relative: gross income, gross output, net profit, profitability, and others. The presence of both quantitative and qualitative components in this case causes certain difficulties in assessing the efficiency of production. The assessment should include separate components related to the quality side – the service. In this case, it is a component that affects the attraction of additional sources of financing for the main activities of agricultural enterprises. The work is primarily devoted to small businesses – farms as attractive objects from a tourist point of view. In addition, from our point of view, small businesses are able to extract the maximum possible cumulative effect from the combination of basic agricultural activities and the provision of related services. The article presents a methodology for assessing the quality of services based on the SERVQUAL model and adapted for use in the field of agriculture.
Prospects of the use of alternative energy sources in an ecological economy
Authors: Kapinos Roman , Akupiyan Olga , Dobrunova Alina , Dorofeev Andrey 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The use of alternative energy sources in Russia should be considered as an important factor in the modernization of the productive forces, contributing to the solution of a number of important economic, social and environmental problems. One of these energy sources is biogas, which is used to produce two types of energy simultaneously: heat and electricity. The article substantiates the need for the introduction of biogas technologies, primarily in livestock complexes, and in the agro-industrial complex as a whole, for the processing of agricultural waste and the production of highly effective organic fertilizers. It is possible to use waste-free production technologies not only at large, but also at medium and small enterprises, and above all in eco-farms of various types. On the example of the farm “Lily of the Valley” of the campaign of JSC Green Valley of the Belgorod region, the cost and economic efficiency of a biogas plant for a year were calculated and its payback period was established. Conclusions are drawn that for faster implementation of biogas plants, it is necessary to pay attention to the experience of Western countries in the issues of state support for the development of dairy farming in terms of the use of administrative resources. So, as an example, to oblige the nearest enterprises to buy surplus electricity produced with the help of renewable energy sources at a reduced rate; to give a subsidy for each installation in the amount of 50% of the average cost; at times to increase fines for violating environmental legislation; develop tax incentives for those organizations that will comply with the technology of waste-free production.
Impact of the design and material of the hives on honey production of bees
Authors: Bykov A R , Zaitsev G A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The influence of the hive’s design and material on the development and productivity of bee colonies have been studied. Reducing the size of honey cases has positively impacted the bee family’s development. In this case, it is simpler for bees to develop without honey in the nest and regular expansion of the beehive with honey cases. Based on a detailed 3-year analysis of changes in the structure of beehives, we have found the hive’s optimal structure, which makes it possible to maximize the possibilities of bee colonies in the conditions of the Lipetsk region.
The role of state regulation of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy for the development of agriculture
Authors: Nianko V , Yekimov S , Shevchenko B O , Sotnichenko O , Selinnyi M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ukraine has a large amount of land that can be used for the production of agricultural products, but there is a tendency to worsen the standard of living and reduce the level of social security in rural areas. The main directions of state regulation of agriculture in Ukraine, according to the authors, are the introduction and development of various measures aimed at reducing the disparity in prices for industrial and agricultural products, creating conditions for food security for basic types of food, implementing effective land reform, training labor resources for agricultural enterprises, transforming socio-cultural infrastructure in rural areas, creating effective market and transport infrastructure in rural areas, the use of price and customs regulators to effectively support domestic agricultural producers. Ensuring the stable development of the agricultural sector of the economy requires certain efforts focused on the development of the socio-economic sphere of rural areas. The development of rural areas requires conditions for the activation of activities in rural areas that are not related to the production of agricultural products (tourism, electricity production from renewable energy sources, folk crafts), increasing the level of efficiency in using the natural and labor potential of rural areas, improving the quality of medical services for the rural population and improving the functioning of the rural socio-cultural sphere.
The current state of flora in the vicinity of the village of Aigursky
Authors: Volkova V V , Isayenko T N , Grechushkina-Sukhorukova L A , Seliverstova E N , Hrapach V V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Monitoring of the species of dry steppe biocenosis on the right bank of the Aygurka River in the Stavropol Territory showed that there are 151 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 112 genera from 32 families, of which 11 are rare species of the regional Red Data Books. The projective cover of the biocenosis was 50-90%, with a plant height of 10-60 cm. In the study area, anthropogenic load (pasture farming, agriculture) led to the impoverishment and destruction of natural zonal steppes. There is a change in the positions of the zonal dominants of perennials to one-biennials. The share of fodder plants decreases to 48%, medicinal plants - 11%, melliferous plants - 7%, ruderal plants - 13%, and the share of synanthropic vegetation increases to 21%. There is not a large number of shrubs and semi-shrubs (4%), but there is no tendency towards afforestation. Cenopopulations of rare plants, mainly with a full age spectrum.
Development of rural territories of the agro-oriented region in the conditions of self-sufficient food supply
Authors: Kovaleva I , Kudinova M , Levichev V , Zhidkikh Y , Shevchuk N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The agro-industrial complex (AIC) is a strategic backbone industry at the regional level. Issues of food security and functional availability of food are still of particular relevance. At the same time, the issues of self-sufficient development of regions, including in the branches of the agro-industrial complex, are of strategic importance. Acceptable levels of ensuring food independence and physical availability of food with agricultural products are noted in the directions of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, a number of unresolved problems remain in terms of the level of affordability and rational norms of food consumption: there may be an abundance of products, but at a very expensive price. Given the limited purchasing power of the population, burdened by the pandemic, it is important for consumers to be able to purchase quality products in sufficient volume to ensure an active and healthy lifestyle. In the sectoral context, there are still unresolved issues of low profitability of production, preservation of the gene pool of farm animals, reduction in the number of cattle, insufficient level of technical and technological equipment, low level of average monthly wages in agriculture. The guarantee of the economic availability of food is possible with the stabilization of the general economic situation in the country and, accordingly, the growth of real incomes of the population, which, in turn, will give positive dynamics to new points of growth in the agro-industrial complex. The main measures to increase the economic affordability of food can be implemented through regional programs to support the poorer groups of the population, for example, the provision of subsidies for catering.
Resource-saving early potato cultivation technology
Authors: Dyikanova M E , Ivashova O N , Gasparyan I N , Deniskina N F , Gasparyan Sh V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To obtain environmentally friendly early production of potatoes, the use of a technological method in the cultivation technology - light germination was studied. The cultivation technology is standard, except for the studied technique. There is a varietal reaction to reception, responds well to germination of the Luck and Bullfinch varieties. In the variant with germination, the total costs increase, but in the cost structure there is a decrease in the costs of expensive fertilizers and seeds. The cost of machinery and agricultural production does not rise much. implements in connection with additional work related to the light germination, where it is necessary to take out the planting material from the storage. These costs are not significant and the reception provides a high net energy income, high coefficients, as well as a low energy cost, which allows you to save energy resources when growing early potatoes and get maximum income. There is an increase in net energy income by 5.9 … 31.9%, energy cost coefficients by 6.3 … 32.8%, as well as a decrease in cost by 0.09 … 0.33 GJ•t−1 of tubers.
Specific and integral efficiency use of land and water resources
Authors: Namozov J A , Khamroeva F A , Dovulov N L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article provides information on the importance of land and water resources, which are the basis of agriculture, including the regional efficiency of land and water resources in the example of Samarkand region, the situation within the districts. To do this, the share of districts in agricultural production, the percentage of land and water resources is expressed in comparable indices (ī = 1). The specific (land and water resources separately) and integral (combined land and water resources) aspects of land and water use efficiency were calculated in two ways (brutto and netto). Specific efficiency was determined by the state of water use at the expense of the regional agricultural lands and the Zarafshan Basin Department of Irrigation Systems. In order to more accurately reflect the results of the study, the districts were divided into four groups according to the net (net) efficiency status, and each group was named based on a certain criterion. In addition, differences in the use of land and water resources by districts were identified using differences in netto and brutto efficiency. The results are tabulated in order to change the situation by region and to show the situation more clearly. At the end of the article, suggestions and recommendations for improving the efficiency of land and water use in the districts of the region are given.
Application of statistical methods for quality control of agro-industrial production processes
Authors: Temasova G N , Leonov O A , Shkaruba N Zh , Vergazova Yu G , Petrovskiy D I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the mechanism of quality control of agro-industrial production processes, namely, quality control of poultry farm processes. It also details the management of nonconforming products using simple quality control and management tools – a checklist and a Pareto chart. It was suggested that a checklist should be used to record nonconformities and their number for each nonconformity. Using this checklist form will allow you to analyze the production process, identify the causes of nonconformities, and quickly intervene in the process to prevent nonconformities from occurring. To analyze the inconsistencies and the causes of their occurrence, it was suggested to use the Pareto diagram, the use of which allows you to pay attention to the most significant problems.
Role of river crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus (Esch.) in maintaining the stability of freshwater bodies in Eurasia
Authors: Alexandrova E N , Tarasov K L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The role of the long-toed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus leptodactylus) in the hydrocenosis of a water body in the floodplain of the Rutka River, one of the tributaries of the Middle Volga, was studied in order to determine an ecologically grounded catch rate. During the study period, the population of P. l. leptodactylus had a high productivity and occupied the dominant status in the biocenosis among the components of animal origin. The amount of plant biomass consumption in summer by juveniles and sexually mature crayfish was calculated. Zoobenthos is consumed in relatively small quantities by all age groups of the crayfish population; zooplankton – by underyearlings. The consumption of aquatic vegetation by crayfish determines the importance of their role in restraining its growth and in limiting the eutrophication of the water body. The biomass of the P. l. leptodactylus population was calculated. It must always be present in the water body to maintain the stability of its biocenosis, which is possible if the annual catch of crayfish is limited to 10-15% of their commercial stock.