bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
-NONUNIFORM MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS
Authors: PITCHAI MURUGAN S. , YOUVARAJ G. P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGabardo and Nashed [‘Nonuniform multiresolution analyses and spectral pairs’, J. Funct. Anal.158(1) (1998), 209–241] have introduced the concept of nonuniform multiresolution analysis (NUMRA), based on the theory of spectral pairs, in which the associated translated set
$\Lambda =\{0,{r}/{N}\}+2\mathbb Z$
is not necessarily a discrete subgroup of
$\mathbb{R}$
, and the translation factor is
$2\textrm{N}$
. Here r is an odd integer with
$1\leq r\leq 2N-1$
such that r and N are relatively prime. The nonuniform wavelets associated with NUMRA can be used in signal processing, sampling theory, speech recognition and various other areas, where instead of integer shifts nonuniform shifts are needed. In order to further generalize this useful NUMRA, we consider the set
$\widetilde {\Lambda }=\{0,{r_1}/{N},{r_2}/{N},\ldots ,{r_q}/{N}\}+s\mathbb Z$
, where s is an even integer,
$q\in \mathbb {N}$
,
$r_i$
is an integer such that
$1\leq r_i\leq sN-1,\,(r_i,N)=1$
for all i and
$N\geq 2$
. In this paper, we prove that the concept of NUMRA with the translation set
$\widetilde {\Lambda }$
is possible only if
$\widetilde {\Lambda }$
is of the form
$\{0,{r}/{N}\}+s\mathbb Z$
. Next we introduce
$\Lambda _s$
-nonuniform multiresolution analysis (
$\Lambda _s$
-NUMRA) for which the translation set is
$\Lambda _s=\{0,{r}/{N}\}+s\mathbb Z$
and the dilation factor is
$sN$
, where s is an even integer. Also, we characterize the scaling functions associated with
$\Lambda _s$
-NUMRA and we give necessary and sufficient conditions for wavelet filters associated with
$\Lambda _s$
-NUMRA.
An Empirical Wind‐Wave Model for Hurricane‐Forced Wind Waves in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Bethel Brandon J. , Dong Changming , Wang Jin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnder excitation by hurricanes, previously quiescent wave fields and their properties can rapidly evolve as they absorb energy from the turbulent atmosphere. Significant wave height (Hs) is one of the primary variables scrutinized during extreme events. Thus, using Hurricane Dorian (2019) a case study, an empirical wind‐wave model for forecasting hurricane‐induced wind seas is proposed for the Caribbean Sea (CS). Results are compared with the current South China Sea (SCS) state‐of‐the‐art using 10 other hurricanes that passed through the CS from 2011–2019. Results illustrate that the proposed CS model can achieve similar correlation coefficients between observed and simulated Hs as the SCS model, but crucially, the CS model produces approximately half the root mean square error generated by the SCS model. Mean average percentage errors were also significantly lower using the CS model for Hs predictions compared to the SCS model. These results illustrate a comprehensive improvement in regional Hs predictions under hurricane conditions. However, due to the single predictor of wind speed for either model, they both fail under swell conditions and modulation of the wave field by surface currents, leaving room for future improvement by the inclusion of additional variables.
Effects of Mountains on Aerosols Determined by AERONET/DRAGON/J‐ALPS Measurements and Regional Model Simulations
Authors: Nakata Makiko , Kajino Mizuo , Sato Yousuke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe NASA/AErosol RObotic NETwork field campaign Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks/Joint work to the AerosoL Properties and Process Simulations was conducted from March 2020 to May 2021 in Nagano, Japan. Twelve sun photometers were installed around Nagano prefecture. The effects of topography on aerosols were studied using observations and simulations. In this study, a regional chemical transport model (SCALE‐Chem) was employed. Three numerical experiments were conducted: E1 (control experiment), E2 (E1 without topography), and E3 (E1 with removal of all anthropogenic emissions over Nagano prefecture). In E2, the terrain effect was not considered; the difference between E1 and E2 indicated the influence of mountains. The differences between E1 and E3 evaluate the local emission effect. In some cases, the mountainous terrain seemed to have suppressed aerosol inflow (i.e., reduced aerosol concentration), while in other cases, the mountains contributed to aerosol retention on days when aerosols tended to accumulate in mountain basins due to local emissions. Thus, while mountains prevent the inflow of aerosols from outside, they also contribute to increased aerosol concentration in the basin. Naturally, more significant effects are produced by meteorological conditions and the presence or absence of transboundary pollution from the outside. From observations and model simulations, we found that the aerosol concentration was not high around the J‐ALPS site because of the mountain effect that prevents advection from the outside, even when transboundary pollution was observed in Japan in March 2020.
A New Four‐Parameter D‐Region Ionospheric Model: Inferences From Lightning‐Emitted VLF Signals
Authors: McCormick J. C. , Cohen M. B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a new four‐parameter model of the D‐region (60–90 km) ionospheric electron density, useful in very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) remote sensing. VLF waves have a long history of use to indirectly infer D‐region conditions, as they reflect efficiently and thus are sensitive to small changes in the electron density. Most historical efforts use VLF observations along with a forward model of the D‐region and VLF propagation. The ionospheric assumptions in the forward model are altered until the output matches the observation. The most common D‐region model, known as the Wait‐Spies ionosphere, takes the electron density as exponentially increasing with altitude and specifies a height and steepness. This model was designed to capture the VLF propagation variations evident at a single frequency. The real D‐region is likely more complex. The limited number of D‐region rocket passes that have previously been compiled tend to show the existence of a “ledge” somewhere between 70 and 90 km. Broadband VLF signals emitted from lightning allows a more sophisticated parametrization. Using carefully averaged amplitudes and phases of VLF sferics, we formulate a more general four‐parameter D‐region model that includes a ledge discontinuity. Using lightning‐emitted VLF observations along with a theoretical model, we find that this model better describes the ionosphere during the daytime. During the ambient nighttime and during a solar flare the two‐parameter ionosphere may be sufficient, at least for the purposes of calculating broadband VLF propagation, since the ledge either weakens or moves outside the altitude range of VLF sensitivity.
Effects of yoga in men with prostate cancer on quality of life and immune response: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kaushik Dharam , Shah Pankil K. , Mukherjee Neelam , Ji Niannian , Dursun Furkan , Kumar Addanki P. , Thompson Ian M. , Mansour Ahmed M. , Jha Richapriya , Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Hanzhang , Darby Nydia , Ricardo Rivero J. , Svatek Robert S. , Liss Michael A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer is associated with anxiety, fear, and depression in up to one-third of men. Yoga improves health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with several types of cancer, but evidence of its efficacy in enhancing QoL is lacking in prostate cancer.

Methods
In this randomized controlled study, 29 men newly diagnosed with localized prostate cancer were randomized to yoga for 6 weeks (n = 14) or standard-of-care (n = 15) before radical prostatectomy. The primary outcome was self-reported QoL, assessed by the Expanded Prostate Index Composite (EPIC), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT–F), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) at baseline, preoperatively, and 6 weeks postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were changes in immune cell status and cytokine levels with yoga.

Results
The greatest benefit of yoga on QoL was seen in EPIC-sexual (mean difference, 8.5 points), FACIT-F (6.3 points), FACT-Functional wellbeing (8.6 points), FACT-physical wellbeing (5.5 points), and FACT-Social wellbeing (14.6 points). The yoga group showed increased numbers of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, more production of interferon-gamma by natural killer cells, and increased Fc receptor III expression in natural killer cells. The yoga group also showed decreased numbers of regulatory T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, indicating antitumor activity, and reduction in inflammatory cytokine levels (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [0.55 (0.05–1.05), p = 0.03], monocyte chemoattractant protein [0.22 (0.01–0.43), p = 0.04], and FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand [0.91 (−0.01, 1.82), p = 0.053].

Conclusions
Perioperative yoga exercise improved QoL, promoted an immune response, and attenuated inflammation in men with prostate cancer. Yoga is feasible in this setting and has benefits that require further investigation.

Trial registration
clinicaltrials.org (NCT02620033).
Capacitive interdigitated system of high osteoinductive/conductive performance for personalized acting-sensing implants
Authors: de Sousa Bárbara M. , Correia Clara R. , Ferreira Jorge A. F. , Mano João F. , Furlani Edward P. , Soares dos Santos Marco P. , Vieira Sandra I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReplacement orthopedic surgeries are among the most common surgeries worldwide, but clinically used passive implants cannot prevent failure rates and inherent revision arthroplasties. Optimized non-instrumented implants, resorting to preclinically tested bioactive coatings, improve initial osseointegration but lack long-term personalized actuation on the bone–implant interface. Novel bioelectronic devices comprising biophysical stimulators and sensing systems are thus emerging, aiming for long-term control of peri-implant bone growth through biointerface monitoring. These acting-sensing dual systems require high frequency (HF) operations able to stimulate osteoinduction/osteoconduction, including matrix maturation and mineralization. A sensing-compatible capacitive stimulator of thin interdigitated electrodes and delivering an electrical 60 kHz HF stimulation, 30 min/day, is here shown to promote osteoconduction in pre-osteoblasts and osteoinduction in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs). HF stimulation through this capacitive interdigitated system had significant effects on osteoblasts’ collagen-I synthesis, matrix, and mineral deposition. A proteomic analysis of microvesicles released from electrically-stimulated osteoblasts revealed regulation of osteodifferentiation and mineralization-related proteins (e.g. Tgfb3, Ttyh3, Itih1, Aldh1a1). Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD028551. Further, under HF stimulation, hASCs exhibited higher osteogenic commitment and enhanced hydroxyapatite deposition. These promising osteoinductive/conductive capacitive stimulators will integrate novel bioelectronic implants able to monitor the bone–implant interface and deliver personalized stimulation to peri-implant tissues.
A COVID-19 peptide vaccine for the induction of SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity
Authors: Heitmann Jonas S. , Bilich Tatjana , Tandler Claudia , Nelde Annika , Maringer Yacine , Marconato Maddalena , Reusch Julia , Jäger Simon , Denk Monika , Richter Marion , Anton Leonard , Weber Lisa Marie , Roerden Malte , Bauer Jens , Rieth Jonas , Wacker Marcel , Hörber Sebastian , Peter Andreas , Meisner Christoph , Fischer Imma , Löffler Markus W. , Karbach Julia , Jäger Elke , Klein Reinhild , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Salih Helmut R. , Walz Juliane S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractT cell immunity is central for the control of viral infections. CoVac-1 is a peptide-based vaccine candidate, composed of SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes derived from various viral proteins1,2, combined with the Toll-like receptor 1/2 agonist XS15 emulsified in Montanide ISA51 VG, aiming to induce profound SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity to combat COVID-19. Here we conducted a phase I open-label trial, recruiting 36 participants aged 18–80 years, who received a single subcutaneous CoVac-1 vaccination. The primary end point was safety analysed until day 56. Immunogenicity in terms of CoVac-1-induced T cell response was analysed as the main secondary end point until day 28 and in the follow-up until month 3. No serious adverse events and no grade 4 adverse events were observed. Expected local granuloma formation was observed in all study participants, whereas systemic reactogenicity was absent or mild. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses targeting multiple vaccine peptides were induced in all study participants, mediated by multifunctional T helper 1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. CoVac-1-induced IFNγ T cell responses persisted in the follow-up analyses and surpassed those detected after SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as after vaccination with approved vaccines. Furthermore, vaccine-induced T cell responses were unaffected by current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Together, CoVac-1 showed a favourable safety profile and induced broad, potent and variant of concern-independent T cell responses, supporting the presently ongoing evaluation in a phase II trial for patients with B cell or antibody deficiency.
A new automated tool to quantify nucleoid distribution within mitochondrial networks
Authors: Ilamathi Hema Saranya , Ouellet Mathieu , Sabouny Rasha , Desrochers-Goyette Justine , Lines Matthew A. , Pfeffer Gerald , Shutt Timothy E. , Germain Marc 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance is essential to sustain a functionally healthy population of mitochondria within cells. Proper mtDNA replication and distribution within mitochondrial networks are essential to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the fundamental basis of mtDNA segregation and distribution within mitochondrial networks is still unclear. To address these questions, we developed an algorithm, Mitomate tracker to unravel the global distribution of nucleoids within mitochondria. Using this tool, we decipher the semi-regular spacing of nucleoids across mitochondrial networks. Furthermore, we show that mitochondrial fission actively regulates mtDNA distribution by controlling the distribution of nucleoids within mitochondrial networks. Specifically, we found that primary cells bearing disease-associated mutations in the fission proteins DRP1 and MYH14 show altered nucleoid distribution, and acute enrichment of enlarged nucleoids near the nucleus. Further analysis suggests that the altered nucleoid distribution observed in the fission mutants is the result of both changes in network structure and nucleoid density. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the role of mitochondria fission in nucleoid distribution and the understanding of diseases caused by fission defects.
Evidence of the use of soft footwear in the Gravettian cave of Cussac (Dordogne, France)
Authors: Ledoux Lysianna , Berillon Gilles , Fourment Nathalie , Muth Xavier , Jaubert Jacques 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHumans appear to have regularly worn footwear since at least the Early Upper Palaeolithic. However, due to the perishable nature of footwear, the archaeological record of its presence during the Pleistocene is poor. While footwear would have played an essential role in protecting the foot, it could also have been used as ornamentation and/or as a social marker. Footprints may provide the most relevant insight regarding the origin and function of footwear. Here we report the discovery of footprints in Cussac Cave (southwest France) at 28–31 ka cal BP and the results of a multi-focal approach, including experimentation, that demonstrate that Gravettian people most likely wore footwear while moving through the cave. These singular footprints would constitute one of the oldest cases of indirect evidence for this unusual practice in decorated Palaeolithic caves and reinforce the exceptional nature of Cussac already attested by the presence of monumental engravings and funerary deposits.
The microbial composition of the initial insult can predict the prognosis of experimental sepsis
Authors: Tallósy Szabolcs Péter , Poles Marietta Zita , Rutai Attila , Fejes Roland , Juhász László , Burián Katalin , Sóki József , Szabó Andrea , Boros Mihály , Kaszaki József 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe hypothesized that the composition of sepsis-inducing bacterial flora influences the course of fecal peritonitis in rodents. Saline or fecal suspensions with a standardized dose range of bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) were injected intraperitoneally into Sprague–Dawley rats. The qualitative composition of the initial inoculum and the ascites was analyzed separately by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Invasive monitoring was conducted in separate anesthetized groups (n = 12–13/group) after 12, 24, 48 and 72 h to determine rat-specific organ failure assessment (ROFA) scores. Death and ROFA scores peaked at 24 h. At this time, 20% mortality occurred in animals receiving a monomicrobial E. coli suspension, and ROFA scores were significantly higher in the monomicrobial subgroup than in the polymicrobial one (median 6.5; 5.0–7.0 and 5.0; 4.75–5.0, respectively). ROFA scores dropped after 48 h, accompanied by a steady decrease in ascites CFUs and a shift towards intra-abdominal monomicrobial E. coli cultures. Furthermore, we found a relationship between ascites CFUs and the evolving change in ROFA scores throughout the study. Hence, quantitatively identical bacterial loads with mono- or polymicrobial dominance lead to a different degree of sepsis severity and divergent outcomes. Initial and intraperitoneal microbiological testing should be used to improve translational research success.
Effects of prenatal oral l-arginine on birth outcomes: a meta-analysis
Authors: Goto Eita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdverse birth outcomes are associated with elevated mortality and morbidity rates throughout life. This meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials examined whether prenatal oral l-arginine has effects on birth outcomes. A total of 45 overall good quality studies were extracted from 10 finally eligible articles. In comparison to controls, providing oral l-arginine to women with a history of poor pregnancy outcomes significantly reduced risks of intrauterine growth retardation neonates, pre-term birth and respiratory distress syndrome (n = 7, 3 and 3, respectively) and significantly increased birthweight and gestational age (n = 8 and 5, respectively) l-Arginine significantly increased Apgar score in women at high risk of pre-eclampsia or with pre-eclampsia or gestational or mild chronic hypertension in comparison to controls (n = 4). l-Arginine showed no significant effect on any other outcome examined (n = 2). The quality of evidence was at least medium or high. Consequently, oral l-arginine may be at least moderately recommended for women with a history of poor pregnancy outcomes and at high risk of pre-eclampsia or with pre-eclampsia or gestational or mild chronic hypertension. However, further studies are required to provide stronger conclusions, partly due to small study effects.
Ultrasound estimated subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue thicknesses and risk of pre-eclampsia
Authors: Pétursdóttir Maack Heidrun , Sundström Poromaa Inger , Lindström Linda , Mulic-Lutvica Ajlana , Junus Katja , Wikström Anna-Karin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEarly identification of high-risk pregnancies enables identification of those who would benefit from aspirin prophylaxis and increased surveillance for pre-eclampsia. A high body mass index (BMI) is a well-known predictor for pre-eclampsia. However, if abdominal adipose tissue distribution is associated with pre-eclampsia is limited investigated. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness were measured by ultrasound on 3777 women at around 18 gestational weeks. SAT thickness was measured from the skin to linea alba and VAT from linea alba to the anterior aortic wall. The risk of developing pre-eclampsia (de novo hypertension at ≥ 20 gestational weeks in combination with proteinuria) was evaluated by logistic regression and expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The risk of pre-eclampsia increased by 79% for every cm in SAT thickness (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.48–2.17) and by 23% for every cm VAT thickness (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.11–1.35). After adjustment for maternal age, parity, BMI, smoking and country of birth, the association between SAT thickness and pre-eclampsia remained (AOR 1.35; 95% CI 1.02–1.79). Greater SAT thickness measured with second trimester ultrasound is associated with increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia. The measurement may improve prediction models for pre-eclampsia.
Feasibility study of portable multi-energy computed tomography with photon-counting detector for preclinical and clinical applications
Authors: Lee Chang-Lae , Hong Key Jo , Kim Namwoo , Han Kwanhee , Kim Dongkyu , Jung Hoe-Su , Lee Sangmin , Park Junyoung , Lee Kyoung-Yong , Lee Jee Eun , Choi Yuna , Cho Minkook 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, preclinical experiments were performed with an in-house developed prototypal photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD CT) system. The performance of the system was compared with the conventional energy-integrating detector (EID)-based CT, concerning the basic image quality biomarkers and the respective capacities for material separation. The pre- and the post-contrast axial images of a canine brain captured by the PCD CT and EID CT systems were found to be visually similar. Multi-energy images were acquired using the PCD CT system, and machine learning-based material decomposition was performed to segment the white and gray matters for the first time in soft tissue segmentation. Furthermore, to accommodate clinical applications that require high resolution acquisitions, a small, native, high-resolution (HR) detector was implemented on the PCD CT system, and its performance was evaluated based on animal experiments. The HR acquisition mode improved the spatial resolution and delineation of the fine structures in the canine’s nasal turbinates compared to the standard mode. Clinical applications that rely on high-spatial resolution expectedly will also benefit from this resolution-enhancing function. The results demonstrate the potential impact on the brain tissue segmentation, improved detection of the liver tumors, and capacity to reconstruct high-resolution images both preclinically and clinically.