bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth Weight In Relation To Obesity And Diabetes Gene Expression In Healthy Infants; A Case- Control Study
Authors: Cheshmeh Sahar , Moradi Shima , Nachvak Seyyed Mostafa , Mohammadi Arman , Erfanifar Azadeh , Bajelani Arezoo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Since obesity and diabetes are a prevalent phenomenon in the world, recognizing the factors affecting these two conditions can be effective in modifying them. We decided to investigate the expression of obesity and diabetes genes in infants with birth weight lower than 2500 g.Methods: The current case- control study was performed on 215 healthy infants aged 5-6 months which referred to health and treatment centers of Kermanshah. After measuring weight and height of the infant, the values were compared with the diagram of WHO to assure being healthy and well-grown and infants who were healthy, were selected to the study. 78 infants was in case group and 137 infants was in control group. 5 cc of intravenous blood was collected from all infants. Blood samples were collected in Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) coated vials to evaluate the expression of MC4R, MTNR1B, PTEN, ACACB, PPAR-γ, PPAR-α, (NRXN3 (NTRK2), (PCSK1), (A2BP1), (TMEM18), (LXR), (BDNF), (TCF7L2), (FTO) and (CPT1A) genes. The data was analysed by Chi square, Mann-Whitney U and Spearman tests.Results: An inverse significant correlation between birth weight and obesity and diabetes genes including MTNR1B, NTRK2, PCSK1, and PTEN genes (r= -0.221, -0.235, -0.246, and -0.418, respectively). In addition, the expression level of the mentioned genes in the LBW infant was significantly up-regulated than the normal weight infants (P= 0.001, 0.007, 0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The expression level of PPAR-a gene had significantly positive correlation with the birth weight (r= 0.19, P= 0.005). The expression level of PPAR-a gene in the normal weight infants was significantly up-regulated than the LBW infants (P= 0.049).Conclusion: Expression level of MTNR1B, NTRK2, PCSK1, and PTEN genes up-regulated in the LBW infants, however, the expression level of PPAR-a gene was significantly down regulated in the LBW infants compared to the infants with normal birth weight.
Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis via inhibiting the p38 MAPK/c-Myc/CLIC4 Signaling Pathway in Rats
Authors: Chen Yongping , Li Lin , Zhang Jiuyan , Cui Hailin , Wang Jiucheng , Wang Chuqiao , Shi Mingxian , Fan Honggang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) reportedly possessed multiple bioactivities. Here, we mainly investigated the neuroprotective role and detailed molecular mechanism of DEX against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hippocampal neurons apoptosis. In vivo, Sprague Dawley rats were administered with LPS (10 mg/kg) and/or DEX (30 µg/kg). We found that DEX improved LPS-induced hippocampal microstructure (necrosis and number reduction of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions) and ultrastructure (mitochondrial damage) lesions. DEX also attenuated LPS-induced hippocampal apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins. Moreover, DEX prevented the activation of c-Myc/chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) pathway induced by LPS. Notably, DEX inhibited p38 MAPK pathway, not JNK and ERK. To further clarify whether DEX alleviated LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis through the p38 MAPK/c-Myc/CLIC4 pathway, PC12 cells were treated with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203582 (10µM). As expected, DEX had the same effect as SB203582 in reducing the protein and mRNA expression of c-Myc and CLIC4. Furthermore, DEX and SB203582 diminished LPS-induced apoptosis, showing decreased Bax and Tom20 fluorescent double-stained positive cells, reduced Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis rate, and lessened protein expression levels of Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3. Taken together, DEX attenuates LPS-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by regulating the p38 MAPK/c-Myc/CLIC4 signaling pathway, which will provide new insights into the mechanism research and drug development of Alzheimer's disease and depression.
Prevention and Control of COVID-19 by Primary Health Care Facilities in China: A Field- Survey-Based Qualitative Study in Three Typical Cities
Authors: Yan Yunyun , Fan Teng-yang , Zheng Yan-ling , Yang Hai-qin , Li Tian-shu , Wang Hai-tang , Gu Yan-feng , Xiao Xue , Du Zhao-hui , Sun Xiao-ming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background In fulfilling the COVID-19 containment, primary health care (PHC) facilities in China played an important role. We sought to investigate the exact tasks performed at the PHC facilities and the processes of COVID-19 prevention and control.Methods Semi-structured face-to-face interviews for primary care physicians (PCPs) and a simple survey for residents were conducted in the field survey. Based-on purposive stratified sampling, 32 PCPs were selected from 22 PHC facilities in Wuhan as a high-risk city, in Shanghai as medium-risk city and in Zunyi as low-risk city. In the field survey, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with PCPs to summarize the tasks of COVID-19 prevention and control at the PHC facilities. A simple survey was used to investigate the local residents’ awareness about COVID-19 prevention and control.Results In pre-outbreak period, the PHC facilities mainly engaged in storing medical supplies; in out-break period, they were responsible for screening, transferring, quarantine and treatment; in regular prevention and control period, attention was given to the employees and items of cold-chain & fresh food markets, etc. In Wuhan, PHC facilities focused on graded diagnoses and treatments of patients; in Shanghai, they were mainly engaged in at-home/centralized quarantine; in Zunyi, they focused on the screening of high-risk individuals. In urban areas, COVID-19 were more likely to be transmitted; in urban-rural areas, it was difficult to perform screening on the migrant populations; in rural areas, the risk was much lower. The community residents had satisfactory compliance with the preventive measures.Conclusion We identified differences in the prevention and control tasks performed at the PHC facilities in China. During the different phases of the pandemic, the tasks were adjusted depending on the gradually comprehensive understanding of COVID-19. Among the cities at different risk levels, screening, quarantine, transferring or treatment was chosen to be a priority accordingly. Located in different intra-city geographic locations at different risk levels, the PHC facilities conducted their own tasks accordingly. Additionally, compliance on the part of the local community residents could not be overemphasized in COVID-19 prevention and control.
Molecular Characterization and Differential Expression of an Aromatic Heptaketide Producing Type III Plant Polyketide Synthase From Himalayan Rhubarb
Authors: Pandith Shahzad A. , Dhar Niha , Bhosale Sumedha , Barvkar Vitthal T. , Razdan Sumeer , Shah Manzoor A. , Lattoo Surrinder K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rheum australe (Himalayan Rhubarb, Polygonaceae) is an endangered medicinal and vegetable herb with known efficacy in different traditional medical systems. The age-old remedying properties of this perennial species are ascribed to the bio-active phytoconstituents viz anthraquinones, stilbenoids, chromones and dietary flavonoids. These metabolites share a major contribution of their synthesis from polyketide pathway which primarily involves the intricate Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs). In this context, present study was focussed on characterization of an important PKS member aloesone synthase (RaALS) known to catalyze six polyketide extensions of the starter acetyl CoA to generate aloesone. A full-length cDNA (1176 bp, ~ 42 kDa) was cloned and heterologously expressed in microbial hosts. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that RaALS shares high degree of similarity with orthologous PKSs. Model validation and donor-acceptor interactions were assessed using homology modeling and molecular docking studies. Further, southern blotting determined the existence of RaALS as single copy gene. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that higher expression of RaALS in leaves followed by stem and root corroborated well with the metabolite accumulation. Its expression was also found to be regulated by altitude. Additionally, an in vitro regeneration system was developed to evaluate the effect of various abiotic stressors viz methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and UV light on the transcript abundance of RaALS vis-à-vis identified putative cis-regulatory promoter elements using genome walking approach. The study would act as a prelude to utilize this medical herb for prospective metabolic engineering attempts aimed at augmenting bio-active metabolite production for commercial purposes.
Material Removal Predictions in the Robot Glass Polishing Process Using Machine Learning
Authors: Schneckenburger Max , Höfler Sven , Garcia Luis , Almeida Rui , Börret Rainer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Robot polishing is increasingly being used in the production of high-end glass workpieces such as astronomy mirrors, lithography lenses, laser gyroscopes or high-precision coordinate measuring machines. The quality of optical components such as lenses or mirrors can be described by shape errors and surface roughness. Whilst the trend towards sub nanometre level surfaces finishes and features progresses, matching both form and finish coherently in complex parts remains a major challenge. With increasing optic sizes, the stability of the polishing process becomes more and more important. If not empirically known, the optical surface must be measured after each polishing step. One approach is to mount sensors on the polishing head in order to measure process relevant quantities. On the basis of these data, Machine Learning algorithms can be applied for surface value prediction. Due to the modification of the polishing head by the installation of sensors and the resulting process influences, the first Machine Learning model could only make removal predictions with insufficient accuracy. The aim of this work is to show a polishing head optimised for the sensors, which is coupled with a Machine Learning model in order to predict the material removal and failure of the polishing head during robot polishing. The artificial neural network (ANN) is developed in the Python programming language using the Keras deep learning library. It starts with a simple network architecture and common training parameters. The model will then be optimized step-by-step using different methods and optimized in different steps. The data collected by a design of experiments with the sensor-integrated glass polishing head are used to train the machine learning model and to validate the results. The neural network achieves a prediction accuracy of the material removal of 99.22 %.
Simultaneous Determination of C4-C9 Alkylphenols and Bisphenol a in Environmental Water Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Technique
Authors: Yin Hailliang , ZHOU Tongna , GUO Ziqi , Liu Xinliang , ZHAO Jian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A liquid-liquid extraction combined with derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for the determination of C4-C9 alkylphenols (APs, included 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-n-butylphenol, 4-n-pentylphenol, 4-n-hexylphenol, 4-n-heptylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol and 4-nonylphenol) and bisphenol A (BPA) in environmental water. The extraction solvent, extraction number, extraction time, extraction solvent volume, pH value, salt content, concentration degree and derivatization time were optimized. The target compounds were quantified by internal standard method. Results showed that the optimal extraction number, time, solvent volume, pH value and salt content were 2, 5 min, 30 ml, about 2 and 5 g, respectively, and derivatization time was 1 h at room temperature. Dichloromethane was selected as the extraction solvent and was concentrated to 0.5 mL in the process of concentration. The developed method was validated and showed good linearity (R2 > 0.995), low limit of detection (LOD, 0.002 µg/L–0.006 µg/L), and excellent recovery (68.0 %–122 %) and low relative standard deviation (0.67 %–13.7 %). The developed method was finally applied to groundwater, surface water, seawater and sewage samples in Dongying City located at Yellow River Estuary and some of these target compounds were detected. The measured values of 4-nonylphenol and BPA in these water samples were below their restrictive values of relevant directives at home and abroad.
Evolution Mechanism and Stability Analysis of Roof Deflection of Composite Structure Roadway Under Dynamic Load Disturbance
Authors: Sun Zequan , Feng Hao , Wang Wenhai , Guo Tao , Wang Qingwei , Tang Peng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The lithology of the roof of the mining roadway is compound and the thickness of each layer varies greatly, and it is disturbed by dynamic load all the year round. The above factors have caused a huge difference in the stability of the roadway surrounding rock. Taking the 11020 lower tunnel of a mine in Henan Province as the engineering geological background, using on-site investigation, formula derivation, numerical simulation and other methods, the composite roof roadway model group was established to study the deflection evolution characteristics of the surrounding rock under dynamic load disturbance, and summarize the plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the roadway Deformation and evolution of roof surrounding rock to evaluate the stability of surrounding rock with different roof structures. The research results show that the change of the roof surrounding rock structure will also lead to the change of the center deflection of the roadway roof. Therefore, the center deflection of the surrounding rock of various roof composite structures is different, and the deflection is the most direct indicator of the stability of the surrounding rock. The center deflection (ω0) of the soft rock type is the largest, the center deflection (ω0) of the upper soft and the lower hard type, and the soft and hard type is larger, and the soft and hard progressive type, thin, hard and thick soft type (ω0) is the smallest, and the dynamic load The relationship between the magnitude of deflection before and after the disturbance is consistent. By constructing a composite roof roadway numerical model group, By constructing a composite roof roadway numerical model group, using the plastic failure zone of the roadway as the evaluation standard, the surrounding rock stability is evaluated and divided, and then the cross-point field measurement method is used to verify the stability of the surrounding rock on the roof of different composite structures. And the development of composite roof roadway surrounding rock deformation and failure mechanism and numerical simulation method has important theoretical significance and practical value for the analysis and control of composite roof roadway surrounding rock stability.
A Framework for Risk-Based Assessment of Urban Floods in Coastal Cities
Authors: Kumar M. Dinesh , Tandon Shubham , Bassi Nitin , Mohanty Pradipta Kumar , Kumar Saurabh , Mohandas Manish 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Many coastal cities in developing countries are at the risk of flooding due to a progressive increase in the built-up areas and poor management of stormwater. The flooding situation in coastal cities gets accentuated further due to climate induced natural disasters such as cyclones and climate change induced sea-level rise that adversely impact the city’s natural drainage potential. This study developed a composite urban flood risk index consisting of three sub-indices and 20 key natural, physical, social, and economic influencing variables for a coastal city (i.e. Cuttack) in eastern India, the intensity of storm runoff being one among the many. The intensity-duration-frequency curve developed shows that the city can experience floods with a peak discharge of 1,320 cubic metre per second every alternate year for a rainfall intensity of 2-hour duration. The urban flood risk index computed for all the city wards shows that out of the 59 wards, only one ward has low flood risk (index value < 0.40) and 20 wards are at high risk (index value 0.55 and above) from the urban flood. Thereafter, factors leading to high risk due to urban floods were identified and the institutional capacities available with the urban utility for fighting floods analyzed.
Study On In-Seam Wave Response Characteristics of Reflection in Fault Bearing Coal Seam of Shuangliu Coal Mine
Authors: zhang lei , Xu Lin , Wei Zhulin , Feng Congcong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to study the response characteristics of reflected trough in-seam wave in fault bearing coal seam, find out the geological structure of coal mine, and ensure the scientific and safe mining of coal mine, the physical property parameters of coal and rock samples of No.3 Coal Seam in Shuangliu Coal Mine were determined, and the three-dimensional numerical analysis model of homogeneous isotropic medium was established. The full wave field forward modeling of elastic wave equation was carried out by using the finite difference method. In this paper, the dispersion curve of No.3 Coal Seam in-seam wave detection in Shuangliu Coal Mine is studied. The results show that under the geological conditions of Shuangliu Coal Mine, the dispersion curves of in-seam wave are obviously different when the coal thickness is 1m, 3m, 5m and 8m; The dispersion curve of reflected in-seam wave in goaf is disordered, which is obviously different from that of normal coal; The Airy phase velocity of in-seam wave in No.3 coal seam of Shuangliu Coal Mine is about 100 0 m/s, and the dominant frequency is 140 Hz. The conclusions are as follows: the formation of in-seam wave in the mining area is related to the direct roof and floor, but not to the indirect roof and floor; When the wave velocity difference between the roof and floor is large, the better dispersion response of Airy phase.
New Animal-Based Measures to Assess Welfare in Dromedary Camels
Authors: Menchetti Laura , Faye Bernard , Padalino Barbara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Reliable and measurable animal-based measures (ABMs) are essential for assessing animal welfare. This study aimed at proposing ABMs for dromedary camels identifying their possible associations with management. Data were collected at a permanent camel market; a total of 76 pens and 528 camels were evaluated. ABMs were collected for each welfare principle (i.e. Good feeding, Good housing, Good health, Appropriate behaviour), while resources or management-based measures were collected at three levels of investigations (Animal, Herd or Caretakers). Associations were calculated by Generalized Linear Models. Body Condition Score and Thirst index (ABMs of Good feeding) resulted negatively associated with short caretaker’s experience, dirty bedding, limited shaded space, feeding and water space, and space allowance (P<0.05). Resting behaviours and Restricted movements (ABMs of Good housing) were associated with short caretaker’s experience, dirty bedding and water, rationed water distribution, water points in the sun, and presence of hobbles (P<0.05). Disease, Injury, and Pain induced by management procedures (ABMs of Good health) were negatively associated with short caretaker’s experience, presence of hobbles, limited space allowance and shaded space, dirty bedding, and feeding and watering practices (e.g. frequency of distribution, resource quality, location of the troughs)(P<0.05). Response to Approaching test and Aggressivity (ABMs of Appropriate behaviour) were negatively associated with limited space allowance, shaded, feeding and water space, and rationed water distribution (P<0.05). Overall, the proposed ABMs seems to be appropriate indicators of welfare consequences in camels being able to identify factors related to housing and management practices that may impair or improve camel welfare.
Quantity and Quality of Healthcare Professionals, Transfer Delay and In-hospital Mortality Among ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Mixed-Method Cross-Sectional Study of 89 Emergency Medical Stations in China
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Tian Wenya , Wu Rengyu , Qin Chongzhen , Zhang Hongjuan , Zhang Haiyan , Zhou Shuduo , Li Siwen , Jin Yinzi , Zheng Zhi-Jie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present study was to explore the influence of the quality and quantity of healthcare professionals at emergency medical stations on transfer delay and in-hospital mortality among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods: A cross-sectional study using mixed methods was conducted at 89 emergency stations in 9 districts in China’s Shenzhen province. Based on a sample of 31 hospitals, 1255 healthcare professionals, and 3131 patients with STEMI, a generalized linear model was used to explore the associations between the quality and quantity of healthcare professionals and transfer delay and in-hospital mortality among patients with STEMI. Qualitative data were also collected and analyzed to explore the reasons for the lack of quantity and quality of healthcare professionals at emergency medical stations.Results: The analysis of the quantity of healthcare professionals showed that an increase of one physician per 100,000 individuals was associated with decreased transfer delay for patients with STEMI by 5.087 min (95% CI −6.722, −3.452; P<0.001). An increase of one nurse per 100,000 individuals was associated with decreased transfer delay by 1.471 min (95% CI −2.943, 0.002; P=0.050). Analysis of the quality of healthcare professionals showed that an increase of one physician with an undergraduate degree per 100,000 individuals was associated with decreased transfer delay for patients with STEMI by 8.508 min (95% CI −10.457, −6.558; P<0.001). An increase of one nurse with an undergraduate degree per 100,000 individuals was associated with decreased transfer delay by 6.645 min (95% CI −8.218, −5.072; P<0.001). Qualitative analysis illustrated that the main reasons for low satisfaction of healthcare professionals at emergency medical stations included low income, limited promotion opportunities, and poor working environment.Conclusions: The quantity and quality of emergency healthcare professionals are key factors influencing transfer delay in patients with STEMI. The government should increase the quantity of healthcare professionals at emergency medical stations, strengthen the training, and improve their performance by linking with clinical pathways to enhance job enthusiasm among emergency healthcare professionals.