bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating intratumoral and peritumoral features to predict tumor recurrence in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Lei , Wan Yidong , Luo Chen , Yang Jing , Yang Pengfei , Chen Feng , Wang Jing , Niu Tianye 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the intratumoral texture features may reflect the tumor recurrence risk in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The peritumoral features may be associated with the distribution of microsatellites. Therefore, integrating the imaging features based on intratumoral and peritumoral areas may provide more accurate predictions in tumor recurrence (both early and late recurrences) than the predictions conducted based on the intratumoral area only. This retrospective study included 209 ICC patients. We divided the patient population into two sub-groups according to the order of diagnosis time: a training cohort (159 patients) and an independent validation cohort (50 patients). The MR imaging features were quantified based on the intratumoral and peritumoral (3 and 5 mm) areas. The radiomics signatures, clinical factor-based models and combined radiomics-clinical models were developed to predict the tumor recurrence. The prediction performance was measured based on the validation cohort using the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) index. For the prediction of early recurrence, the combined radiomics-clinical model of intratumoral area with 5 mm peritumoral area showed the highest performance (0.852(95% confidence interval (CI), 0.724–0.937)). The AUC for the clinical factor-based model was 0.805(95%CI, 0.668–0.903). For the prediction of late recurrence, the radiomics signature of intratumoral area with 5 mm peritumoral area had the optimal performance with an AUC of 0.735(95%CI, 0.591–0.850). The clinical factor-based showed inferior performance (0.598(95%CI, 0.450–0.735)). For both early and late recurrences prediction, the optimal models were all constructed using imaging features extracted based on intratumoral and peritumoral areas together. These suggested the importance of involving the intratumoral and peritumoral areas in the radiomics studies.
Measurement of topological charges of optical vortices by antiphased semicircular slit pair
Authors: Kong Qian , Cheng Chuanfu , Zhan Zijun , Liu Chunxiang , Ma Hong , Ren Xiaorong , Zhang Yuqin , Ma Li , Zeng Xiangyu , Zhang Ruirui , He Changwei , Cheng Chen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Determination of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states is a subject of crucial importance for their applications in areas ranging from classical physics to quantum information. Here, we propose the antiphase semicircular slit pair (ASSP) as a novel approach to determine the topological charge of OAM states. The ASSP contains two semicircular slits with a diameter increment and symmetrically arranged in upper and lower circle. It converts an incident OAM state into light field with two bright spots, of which the relative shift is twice as spot shift for a semicircular slit. Physically, we introduce the two models of equivalent spiral slit and the Young’s-like interference, obtaining two approximate linear relations between the shift and the incident topological charge. Analytically, the antiphase of the diffracted fields for the two semicircular slits cancels a main Bessel vortex term, and doubles the complement fields contained in that for a single semicircular slit, realizing the field with two bright intensity spots with the relative shift doubled. The diffracted field is fundamentally approximated as the weighted superposition of finite Bessel vortex eigenstates. Using shift between the bright spots, the determination of topological charge of OAM states becomes a feasible and convenient, and the experimental measurement conforms to the theory with satisfying accuracy.
Impacts of Hawking radiation from primordial black holes in critical collapse model on the light element abundances
Authors: Luo Yudong , Chen Chao , Kusakabe Motohiko , Kajino Toshitaka 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the photodisintegration process triggered by the nonthermal electromagnetic Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBHs) in critical collapse model. We consider the simplest case that all PBHs formed at a single epoch stemming from an inflationary spectrum with a narrow peak, and an extended mass distribution is obtained due to critical phenomena of gravitational collapse. The presence of a low-mass tail of critical collapse mass function could lead to an enhancement of energetic photon emissions from Hawking radiation of PBHs.
Nuclear photodisintegration rates are calculated with a nonthermal photon spectrum derived by solving the Boltzmann equation iteratively. The exact spectrum is much different than that based on an often-used analytical bended power-law spectrum and it is found to significantly depend on the adopted PBH mass functions. With the newest observational limit on the 3He abundance in Galactic H II regions, the updated 3He constraints on PBH mass spectrum in the horizon mass range 1012–1013 g are derived.
Our results for the first time show that 3He constraints on the critical mass function are about one order of magnitude severer than the monochromatic one although the fraction of PBHs in the low-mass tail region is relatively small. The 6Li elemental abundance is also enhanced significantly for the critical mass function. More precise measurement of 6Li abundance is highly desirable to provide a promising constraint on PBHs in the future.
For monochromatic mass function, we provide the analytical bounds for photodisintegration and hadrodissociation from PBH radiation, and we report discrepancies between our updated 3He constraints and the previous results.
Facile fabrication of heterostructure with p-BiOCl nanoflakes and n-ZnO thin film for UV photodetectors
Authors: Su Longxing , Ouyang Weixin , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Herein, high-quality n-ZnO film layer on c-sapphire and well-crystallized tetragonal p-BiOCl nanoflakes on Cu foil are prepared, respectively. According to the absorption spectra, the bandgaps of n-ZnO and p-BiOCl are confirmed as ~3.3 and ~3.5 eV, respectively. Subsequently, a p-BiOCl/n-ZnO heterostructural photodetector is constructed after a facile mechanical bonding and post annealing process. At –5 V bias, the photocurrent of the device under 350 nm irradiation is ~800 times higher than that in dark, which indicates its strong UV light response characteristic. However, the on/off ratio of In–ZnO–In photodetector is ~20 and the Cu–BiOCl–Cu photodetector depicts very weak UV light response. The heterostructure device also shows a short decay time of 0.95 s, which is much shorter than those of the devices fabricated from pure ZnO thin film and BiOCl nanoflakes. The p-BiOCl/n-ZnO heterojunction photodetector provides a promising pathway to multifunctional UV photodetectors with fast response, high signal-to-noise ratio, and high selectivity.
Marination technology using kandis acid (Garcinia xanthochymus) biomass to improve the physical quality of culled chicken meat
Authors: Hafid H , Patriani P , Nuraini  , Ananda S H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Kandis acid (Garcinia xanthochymus) is a fruit usually dried with a sour taste and used as a spice in Indonesian cuisine. Aside from being a flavoring and enhancer of flavor images in dishes, kandis acid is also thought to be able to preserve fish. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of kandis acid in improving the quality of culled chicken meat. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment was marination of culled chicken meat in kandis acid solution consisting of 4 different concentrations, i.e., 0% or without kandis acid as a control (P0), 50 g kandis acid + 500 mL distilled water (P1), 50 g kandis acid + 750 mL distilled water (P2), and 50 grams kandis acid + 1,000 mL distilled water (P3). The results revealed that the physical quality of the culled chicken meat was affected by the kandis acid marination especially in the meat pH, which was relatively similar to the drip loss, cooking loss, and tenderness of meat. It is recommended that marination using kandis acid with a concentration of 50 g in 750 mL distilled water can effectively maintain the quality of culled chicken meat.
Production of high octane gasoline by catalytic cracking of petroleum gasoil with palm’s triglyceride and oleic acid
Authors: Azis Z , Susanto B H , Nasikin M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The use of gasoline with appropriate octane number will affect directly to meet superfine engine performance and avoiding from knocking effect. Improvement of gasoline quality in fluid catalytic cracking process usually is achieved by replacement of new catalyst which needs higher production cost. This research work aimed to describe the alternative method for improving gasoline octane in catalytic cracking by means of feedstock modification using mixture of vacuum gasoil and few of palm’s triglyceride and oleic acid. The experimental work of cracking reaction was performed in a fluid-bed reactor of ACE unit using REY zeolite catalysts at temperature of 530 °C and catalyst-oil ratio of 5.5 g/g. The liquid product was analyzed by a gas chromatograph of simulated distillation to determine yields of gasoline, light cycle oil and bottom product continued by a gas chromatograph of detailed hydrocarbon analysis to obtain hydrocarbon composition and calculated research octane number of gasoline. Analysis of gaseous product was performed using a gas chromatograph of refinery gas analyzer to detect yields of dry gas and LPG, whereas coke deposited on spent catalyst was analyzed using the infra-red method. From the research work, it was found that feedstock prepared from vacuum gasoil added with 5 % refined bleached deodorized palm oil and oleic acid (9:1) had increased gasoline RON from 91.8 to 98.2. The improvement of gasoline octane was contributed by the presence of double-bond fatty acid that triggered promoting effect to aromatisation and hydrogen transfer reactions in the formation of more iso-paraffins, olefins and aromatics in gasoline.
Synthesis of mono diacyl glycerol from palm fatty acid distillate and glycerol as antistatic agents on plastics
Authors: Setyaningsih Dwi , Faqih Ihsan Nur , Muna Neli , Jannah Qatrinada Radiyatul , Salsabila Syafira 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) production as a CPO refining by-product reaches 1 million tons per year. PFAD can increase its added value by making it as mono-diacylglycerol (MDAG). MDAG is a nonionic surfactant. It has biodegradable properties and not irritant compared to cationic and anionic surfactants. This study aimed to determine the best temperature and reaction time for the synthesis of MDAG, to characterize the synthesized MDAG, and to apply it as antistatic agent on plastic. MDAG was produced through chemical synthesis by reacting PFAD and glycerol through an esterification process with PFAD to glycerol molar ratio 1:6. The catalyst that used in this study was para-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA). Synthesis was carried out under various conditions of temperature (100 °C, 120 °C, and 150 °C) and reaction time (90 min and 120 min). The best conditions of synthesis reaction were at temperature 150 °C, molar ratio 1:6, and 90 min reaction time. The yield of MDAG was 14.33 %, pH value of 5, hydroxyl value 344.01 mg KOH/g that contain 93.29 % MAG, and 6.71 % DAG. The MDAG obtained from synthesis was white, dry texture, and odorless. The synthesized MDAG has met the standard because the minimum standard MAG content at commercial MDAG was 91 %. Tests on plastics showed that synthesized MDAG and commercial MDAG showed the same surface resistivity value of 1.0×1012 ohm/sq.
Sustainability of biodiesel B30, B40, and B50 in Indonesia with addition of emulsifier
Authors: Dimawarnita F , Kartika I A , Hambali E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sustainable energy is one of the main challenges of the 21st century. Indonesia is a developing country and ranked fourth in the world population. The total increase in average population growth between 2000 and 2025 is projected at 33.2%. Thus, the problem of energy deficits must be addressed by the Government of Indonesia to overcome the shortage of energy resources in the future. The Indonesian government’s policy on biodiesel began in 2015 and continues to undergo renewal. Starting in September 2018, Indonesia set the B20 rule, and then in January 2020, it began to shift to B30. By the end of 2020, it was targeted to have moved to B50. The concept of sustainability focuses on two things: a combination of environmental and economic considerations. One of the crucial points in sustainable development related to the development of biodiesel B30, B40, and B50 is that economic growth needs to be harmonized with efforts to preserve the environment through long-term maintenance of the availability of biological resources and increasing productivity of the agricultural systems, stability of the human population, limitations on economic growth, and make improvements to the quality of the environment and ecosystem. Biodiesel in Indonesia, Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) is synthesized from palm oil. Emissions from biodiesel from vegetable oils still contain high NOx gas. When viewed from the side of the impact on the environment, the concept of biodiesel sustainability needs additives/emulsifiers so that the quality and stability of biodiesel increases. That way, the biodiesel effect may show to be environmentally friendly compared to fossil fuels.
Techno-economic analysis of furfural production with various pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunches using SuperPro Designer
Authors: Karimah I , Suyuditomo G , Harahap A F P , Ramadhan M Y A , Panjaitan J R H , Sahlan M , Hermansyah H , Gozan M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are solid wastes that can be processed into several chemicals, one of which is furfural. Furfural can be used as a solvent and intermediate compound in many chemical industries. Nowadays, furfural needs in Indonesia are fulfilled through import, especially from China. Therefore, developing a furfural plant in Indonesia is required to fulfill the needs for furfural in Indonesia and surrounding countries. Based on that necessity, this study provides the preliminary study and simulation of furfural production from OPEFB by three kinds of pretreatment methods: soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA), steam explosion (SE), and ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX). Simulation is conducted using SuperPro Designer Academic License to get the plant’s mass & energy balance and economic parameters. The plant will be built in Kawasan Industri Dumai, Pelintung, Riau. Then, by assuming 7920 hours annual operation time and 2000 kg OPEFB/h input rate, the simulations showed that furfural production with AFEX pretreatment is more economically feasible than with SAA and SE pretreatment. The value of profitability parameters as follows: Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = 49.77%, Net Present Value (NPV) at i = 9.6% = USD 39,210,000, and payback time = 1.75 years.
Release property of red ginger essential oil in silica-nanocellulose composite based sachet
Authors: Fahma F , Sapoan M , Lisdayana N , Iskandar A , Sunarti T C , Sugiarto  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Red ginger is an herbal plant that contains active components and can be used to control microorganisms. In this study, active packaging in the form of an antimicrobial sachet was developed. The red ginger essential oil was incorporated into silica-cellulose nanocomposite in powder form in a closed sachet. The silica-nanocellulose composite was fabricated through a sol-gel permeation process in nanocellulose hydrogel. Nanocellulose was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunches by mechanical treatment, a combination of ultrafine grinding and ultrasonication. Nanocellulose hydrogel was immersed in a sodium silicate solution at three different times. The obtained gel was soaked in 2 M sulfuric acid for 4 hours to produce a silica-nanocellulose composite. Release property of red ginger essential oil from the closed sachet was observed. The effectiveness of the produced antimicrobial sachets depends on the release of the antimicrobial agent from the sachets.
Techno-economic analysis of furfural purification process from hydrothermal hydrolysis products of oil palm empty fruit bunches using distillation and extraction methods
Authors: Suyuditomo G , Karimah I , Harahap A F P , Ramadhan M Y A , Panjaitan J R H , Sahlan M , Hermansyah H , Gozan M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Furfural is a high-selling compound produced from cellulose and hemicellulose conversion, and the level of demand in Indonesia is still high. This research examines the economic process design and calculation of furfural production made from TKS by varying the purification method with the distillation method and the toluene extraction method using SuperPro Designer 9.5 software. Furfural purification uses two methods, namely furfural purification using toluene extraction scheme and distillation scheme. Two plant location recommendations can be chosen based on the factory’s location close to the buyer, namely in Cilacap, and the plant’s location close to the supplier, namely Banten. Based on the economic calculation results, the toluene extraction purification scheme with an IRR value of 26.02% is more profitable even though its purity is 99.95% compared to the distillation purification scheme with an IRR of 25.86% even though its purity reaches 99.96%. The two recommendations for the location of the calculation of the economic payback period owned by the two locations almost the same. Cilacap, which has an NPV value of 89,739,000 $, is more profitable than Banten, which has an NPV value of 87,430,000 $.
A review on column CO2 fractionation methods from fish oil to omega-3, 6 and 9
Authors: Koto Arsat , Hambali Erliza , Suryani Ani 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Commercial interest in getting polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrates, especially omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) was increasing. Unsaturated fatty acids could prevent cardiovascular disease and improved cognitive function of the brain. Fish oil was the main source of fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty acids. The content of omega-3 fatty acids (24%), omega-6 (5.37%) and omega-9 (12.6%) fish oil were quite high. Fish oil concentrate was needed in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Degradation of thermolabile compounds cannot be avoided in conventional separation methods. Some conventional oil separation methods had weaknesses and strengths. Column chromatography: the concentrate was very difficult to separate so it required a lot of solvents; distillation: low oil yield due to a lot of yawning; centrifugation: the results were heterogeneous; membrane: easy to plug; using solvents: low cost, technology exists, could be at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the results were homogeneous. The choice of solvent determined the level of yield and safety. CO2 as a solvent was non-polar, non-toxic, volatile, high diffusivity, low surface tension, low viscosity, good extract degradation, low critical temperature, (31 °C), could prevent thermal degradation, fast, cheap and efficient.
Magnetic properties of silicon dioxide from rice straw
Authors: Har Nazopatul P. , Irmansyah  , Irzaman  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) from rice straw is one of the alternatives used to replace silicon dioxide from natural minerals. In this study, an analysis related to the magnetic properties. The method is carried out by measuring the sample of silicon dioxide that has been extracted from rice straw with varying concentration of HCl (3%, 5%, 7%) using an LCR-meter. Analysis of the electrical and magnetic properties of silicon dioxide using LCR-meter with a frequency range of 50Hz – 5MHz, alternating current voltage of 1V, and alternating current of 50 mA, data collection points 200 point for 7 min (420 sec), the average time is 2.1 sec per data. The results of the analysis of magnetic properties showed that the value of Vicinity Magnetic Induction (VMI) calculated on silicon dioxide samples from rice straw with order 10−5-10−4 tesla and magnetic flux values was calculated on samples with order 102-104 Wb on all variations of HCl concentrations. Application of magnetic properties in the form of Vicinity Magnetic Induction (VMI) and magnetic flux of silicon dioxide from rice straw is the forerunner as a magnetic sensor.
Investigation of Biodegradable Bacteria as Bio indicators of the Presence of PAHs Contaminants in Marine Waters in the Marine Tourism Area of Makassar City
Authors: Marzuki I , Ali M Y , Syarif H U , Erniati  , Gusty S , Ritnawati  , Daris L , Nisaa K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The activities of the petroleum processing industry and marine transportation potentially cause of hydrocarbon pollution. It is assumed that every water area exposed to hydrocarbons also found bacterial species that have biodegradation properties against PAH contaminants. This study aims to analyze the relationship between biodegradable bacteria and the status of marine waters exposed to hydrocarbons. The method of analyzing the type of PAH contaminants for each seawater and sponge samples were processed at 4 different points using GC-MS, the same sample was also carried out isolation, characterization and activity test of bacterial isolates against naphthalene and pyrene type PAH. The analysis showed that the four samples of seawater were contaminated with hydrocarbons. The type of hydrocarbons found in each sample is different and the concentration value varies. The types of bacteria identified in seawater and sponge samples also varied. There were 8 types of isolates selected, each one isolate per sample, all of which showed biodegradation activity against hydrocarbon contaminants, while the order of aromatic contamination levels at the four sampling points Sp. 1 > Sp.2 > Sp.3 > Sp.4. These results indicate that the presence of biodegradable bacteria in water areas can be a bio-indicator for the presence of PAH pollutants.
Seaweed-Associated Fungi from Sepanjang Beach, GunungKidul, Yogyakarta as Potential Source of Marine Polysaccharides-Degrading Enzymes
Authors: Hutapea N E B , Sibero M T , Ayuningtyas E P , Frederick E H , Wijayanti D P , Sabdono A , Pringgenies D , Radjasa O K , Zilda D S , Murwani R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and red algae (Rhodophyta) are a group of seaweed that scattered all over the ocean. In addition, previous studies have reported the biotechnological potential of its associated fungi. However, there are only a few studies related to the extracellular enzyme of seaweed-associated fungi. The purposes of this research were to isolated brown algae and red algae associated fungi from Sepanjang Beach, GunungKidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and screen its enzyme production. Padina sp., Asparagopsis sp., and Chondrophycussp. were collected from Sepanjang Beach, GunungKidul, Yogyakarta. Swab tap method on PDA medium and STD medium was conducted to isolate seaweed-associated fungi, while starch agar medium, agar medium, alginate agar medium, and carrageenan agar medium, was utilized to screen the enzyme activity with addition of povidone-iodine 10% reagent. The presence of clear zone around the colony indicated enzyme.