bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family involvement with care homes following placement of a relative living with dementia: a review
Authors: Hayward Janine K. , Gould Charlotte , Palluotto Emma , Kitson Emily C. , Spector Aimee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis review updated a previous review [Gaugler JE (2005) Family involvement in residential long-term care: a synthesis and critical review. Aging and Mental Health9, 105–118] and focused on dementia. Fourteen years of development in family involvement with care homes following placement of a relative was explored. The review aimed to investigate two questions: (1) What types of involvement do families have with care homes following placement of people living with dementia? (2) Which factors influence family involvement with care homes? PsycINFO, MEDLINE and CINAHL Plus were searched for publications between January 2005 and December 2018. Thirty-three papers representing 30 studies were included. Papers were appraised using a quality rating tool designed for use with mixed study designs. Studies were of a reasonable quality though some weaknesses included single-site samples, high attrition rates and poor reporting. Twenty-eight papers highlighted types of involvement including collaboration, family–staff relationship development, decision making and visiting. Twenty-five papers pertained to factors influencing involvement, which included outcome of care quality evaluation, wish for recognition and sense of integration into the care team. Type of family involvement has changed over time with increased emphasis on families’ desire for partnership, to be active rather than passive advocates, and to focus on care monitoring and evaluation. Seven themes of family involvement activities are featured and a non-linear process is proposed. When compared to patient and family-centred care principles, an analysis of family involvement types found good fit overall and potential for framework improvements. Over 30 diverse factors influence inter-family variation in the level and nature of family involvement. Consideration of these factors and resolution of the gaps in evidence, including intergenerational and cultural concerns, can improve care home facilitation of family participation. This dementia-specific review is a comprehensive timely complement to Gaugler's seminal work about older adults in care.
Borderless Heat Hazards With Bordered Impacts
Authors: Brimicombe Chloe , Di Napoli Claudia , Cornforth Rosalind , Pappenberger Florian , Petty Celia , Cloke Hannah L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHeatwaves are increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity due to climate change. They are associated with high mortality rates and cross‐sectional impacts including a reduction in crop yield and power outages. Here we demonstrate that there are large deficiencies in reporting of heatwave impacts in international disasters databases, international organization reports, and climate bulletins. We characterize the distribution of heat stress across the world focusing on August in the Northern Hemisphere, when notably heatwaves have taken place (i.e., 2003, 2010, and 2020) for the last 20 years using the ERA5‐HEAT reanalysis of the Universal Thermal Comfort Index and establish heat stress has grown larger in extent, more so during a heatwave. Comparison of heat stress against the emergency events impacts database and climate reports reveals underreporting of heatwave‐related impacts. This work suggests an internationally agreed protocol should be put in place for impact reporting by organizations and national government, facilitating implementation of preparedness measures, and early warning systems.
Inferring the Main Drivers of SARS‐CoV‐2 Global Transmissibility by Feature Selection Methods
Authors: Djordjevic Marko , Salom Igor , Markovic Sofija , Rodic Andjela , Milicevic Ognjen , Djordjevic Magdalena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIdentifying the main environmental drivers of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmissibility in the population is crucial for understanding current and potential future outbursts of COVID‐19 and other infectious diseases. To address this problem, we concentrate on the basic reproduction number R0, which is not sensitive to testing coverage and represents transmissibility in an absence of social distancing and in a completely susceptible population. While many variables may potentially influence R0, a high correlation between these variables may obscure the result interpretation. Consequently, we combine Principal Component Analysis with feature selection methods from several regression‐based approaches to identify the main demographic and meteorological drivers behind R0. We robustly obtain that country's wealth/development (GDP per capita or Human Development Index) is the most important R0 predictor at the global level, probably being a good proxy for the overall contact frequency in a population. This main effect is modulated by built‐up area per capita (crowdedness in indoor space), onset of infection (likely related to increased awareness of infection risks), net migration, unhealthy living lifestyle/conditions including pollution, seasonality, and possibly BCG vaccination prevalence. Also, we argue that several variables that significantly correlate with transmissibility do not directly influence R0 or affect it differently than suggested by naïve analysis.
Ionospheric and Thermospheric Contributions in TIMED/GUVI O 135.6 nm Radiances
Authors: Zhang Yongliang , Paxton Larry J. , Schaefer Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe developed an empirically determined, data‐driven method to extract the ionospheric and thermospheric contributions in the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) 135.6 nm radiances on dayside to improve the O/N2 product. The technique assumes a reference dayside ratio of 130.4 and 135.6 nm radiances versus solar zenith angle (SZA) established from geomagnetically quiet observations and a fixed night side 130.4–135.6 nm radiance ratio of 1.2. The method effectively separates the ionospheric and thermospheric contributions in the observed 135.6 nm radiance. This not only improves the estimation of the thermospheric O/N2 ratio, (an important space weather parameter), by removing the ionospheric contribution in the GUVI 135.6 nm radiance data, but also provides the ionospheric signature in the 135.6 nm radiance. Comparison between GUVI ionospheric 135.6 nm radiances due to O+ and electron radiative recombination with coincident GPS TEC data shows a similar morphology of equatorial arcs, such as the arc latitude separation and nonmigrating tidal signature, confirming that the method is reliable. When there are no equatorial arcs, the ionospheric contribution is low, also consistent with low TEC data. This method can be applied to DMSP/SSUSI and other far ultraviolet data with simultaneous disk 130.4 and 135.6 nm measurements.
Paleoenvironmental Significance of Magnetofossils in Pelagic Sediments in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Before and After the Eocene/Oligocene Boundary
Authors: Lu Yang , Wang Dunfan , Jiang Xiaodong , Lin Zhiyong , Yang Yiping , Liu Qingsong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB), sensitive to redox status, leave fossil bacterial magnetite (magnetofossils) in sediments. The relative contents of cuboctahedral, elongated prismatic, and bullet‐shaped magnetofossils archive changes in redox conditions, which indicate paleoenvironmental variations. The Eocene‐Oligocene transition (EOT) is a turning point in the Cenozoic climate evolution from greenhouse to icehouse. Global cooling, Antarctic glaciation, and/or a new tectonic structure modified the global ocean and atmosphere circulation mode. In the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean (EEPO), the organic matter and aeolian supply, which are important for the proliferation of MTB, did not vary synchronously. Here, we study the magnetic particles and environmental magnetism characteristics of samples from EEPO to test the hypothesis that magnetofossil assemblages respond to the dramatic paleoclimatic changes across the EOT. Results show that the abundances of all kinds of magnetic particles are significantly decreased with the reduction of aeolian supply after the EOT. However, the relative abundance of magnetofossils and the proportion of bullet‐shaped ones both increased. Simultaneously, organic matter input was enhanced as indicated by (a) similar productivity but decreased organic carbon consumption and (b) the increased mass accumulation rates of total organic carbon after the EOT. The enhanced organic matter flux increased redox gradient in pelagic sediment, which together with sufficient iron from aeolian particles, supported the metabolism of MTB, especially those synthesizing bullet‐shaped magnetofossils. Therefore, the magnetofossils in the EEPO vary synchronously with the evolution of paleoenvironment before and after the EOT, which thus supports the use of magnetofossil as an effective proxy archiving paleoenvironment.
Effects of Cognitive Load on the Categorical Perception of Mandarin Tones
Authors: Feng Yan , Meng Yaru , Li Hanfei , Peng Gang 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This study investigated the effect of cognitive load (CL) on the categorical perception (CP) of Mandarin lexical tones to discuss the application of the generalized pulse-skipping hypothesis. This hypothesis assumes that listeners might miss/skip temporal pulses and lose essential speech information due to CL, which consequently affects both the temporal and spectral dimensions of speech perception. Should CL decrease listeners' pitch sensitivity and impair the distinction of tone categories, this study would support the generalized pulse-skipping hypothesis.

Method
Twenty-four native Mandarin-speaking listeners were recruited to complete a dual-task experiment where they were required to identify or discriminate tone stimuli while concurrently memorizing six Chinese characters or graphic symbols. A no-load condition without a memory recall task was also included as a baseline condition. The position of categorical boundary, identification slope, between- and within-category discrimination, and discrimination peakedness were compared across the three conditions to measure the impact of CL on tone perception. The recall accuracy of Chinese characters and graphic symbols was used to assess the difficulty of memory recall.

Results
Compared with the no-load condition, both load conditions showed a boundary shift to Tone 3, shallower identification slope, poorer between-category discrimination, and lower discrimination peakedness. Within-category discrimination was negatively affected by CL in the graphic symbol condition only, not in the Chinese character condition.

Conclusions
CL degraded listeners' sensitivity to subtle fundamental frequency changes and impaired CP of Mandarin lexical tones. This provides support for the generalized pulse-skipping hypothesis. Besides, the involvement of lexical information modulated the effect of CL.
Morphology and Syntax in Arabic-Speaking Adolescents Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Authors: Kawar Khaloob 
Published: September 2021

PurposeDiagnoses, assessments, and treatments, as well as social and language interventions, can be effective in identifying and interpreting specific linguistic features that present special challenges to the language abilities of individuals who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH). This article reports on a study analyzing complex sentences and morphosyntactic error production by Arabic-speaking adolescents who are hearing and DHH.MethodA total of 124 adolescents participated, all native speakers of Arabic in Grades 6–10 (63 hearing and 61 DHH). The participants were asked to provide an oral narrative about a dangerous experience.ResultsBoth groups produced a low mean percentage of complex sentences out of the total number of clauses. However, adolescents who are DHH produced significantly fewer complex sentences and more morphosyntactic errors when compared with their hearing peers. The most common errors produced by both groups were clause errors including omission of subject or predicate and errors in word order. Determiner errors were produced significantly more often by adolescents who are DHH.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this study is one of the first to investigate morphosyntactic aspects of complex sentences and morphosyntactic errors produced by Arabic-speaking adolescents who are hearing and DHH. This study therefore has significance for further research on language development among Arabic speakers and on definitions of vulnerable linguistic aspects in DHH.
Therapie patellofemoraler Knorpelschäden
Authors: Ossendorff Robert , Walter Sebastian G. , Salzmann Gian M. 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungPatellofemorale Knorpeldefekte sind eine mittlerweile sehr häufige Entität und oft Ursache des vorderen Knieschmerzes beim Sportler. Diese können nach akutem Trauma, insbesondere in Verbindung mit einer Patellaluxation, entstehen. Nichttraumatische Knorpelläsionen sind häufig Folge bestehender Grundpathologien des Patellofemoralgelenks, die jedoch insbesondere bei retropatellaren Knorpeldefekten häufig erst spät symptomatisch werden. Zur Therapie dieser Läsionen steht eine Vielzahl von regenerativen Knorpeltherapieverfahren zur Verfügung. Der Outcome nach Versorgung patellofemoraler Knorpeldefekte ist jedoch den Ergebnissen des Tibiofemoralgelenks oft unterlegen. Von entscheidender Bedeutung für den Therapierfolg ist neben der Wahl der optimalen Knorpelintervention die adäquate Adressierung der Begleitpathologie. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die verschiedenen Techniken der patellofemoralen Knorpeltherapie gegenübergestellt.
Flavanols and Flavanes from Crinum asiaticum and Their Effects
on LPS Signaling Pathway Through the Inhibition of NF-κB
Activation
Authors: Do Kiep Minh , Shin Min-Kyoung , Kodama Takeshi , Win Nwet Nwet , Prema Prema , Nguyen Hien Minh , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Morita Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThree new flavanols, (2R,3S)-7-methoxy-flavan-3-ol (1),
(2R,3S)-7-hydroxy-flavan-3-ol (2), and
(2R,3S)-2′-hydroxy-7-methoxy-flavan-3-ol (3), together
with two known flavans (4 and 5), were isolated from the
chloroform extract of Crinum asiaticum. Their structures were elucidated
by various spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and CD
data. The isolated compounds 1 and 3−5 showed inhibitory
activity toward LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Further investigation
of the NF-κB pathway mechanisms indicated that 1 and
3−5 inhibited the LPS-induced IL-6 production and p65 subunit
phosphorylation of NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells, with an effective dose of
10 µM.
Increase in Cancer Patient Load during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Faridabad Experience
Authors: Gupta Sumant , Pandey Anamika , Gupta Neha , Naim Faran , Gupta Rakesh , Das Bhaskar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected oncology care differently across the world. We evaluated our experience of infusional chemotherapy during the active phase of ongoing pandemic.
Methods Prospectively collected month wise data from January 2019 to November 2020 was compared between the 2 years.
Results A total of 6,003 chemotherapy infusions were administered between January 1, 2019 and November 30, 2020 (2,548 in 11 months of 2019 and 3,455 in the same 11 months of 2020). Between May 1 and October 31, 2020, 2,337 chemotherapy infusions were administered to 570 patients all of whom were also tested for COVID-19 positivity, of which 65 (11.4%) were COVID-19 positive. The majority (63/65; 97%) could receive their chemotherapy infusions safely.
Discussion Paradoxically, our hospital recorded an increase in the number of cancer patients receiving infusional chemotherapy in 2020, with a linear increase in the cancer case being treated (from 309 in June to 398 in November 2020). We believe that this was possible because cancer patients wanted treatment near their homes to avoid/minimize risk of exposure to COVID-19, cross state border travel restrictions was an additional roadblock, and our quality of service provided earned the trust of cancer patients.
Old English intensifiers
Authors: Stratton James M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile many studies have employed variationist methods to examine longitudinal changes in the English intensifier system, to date, no variationist studies have tackled the intensifier system of Old English. By providing a critical view of this system at an earlier stage in the history of the English language, the present study adds to the long tradition of scholarship on intensifiers while providing new insight into their diachronic development. Despite its antiquity, several parallels can be drawn with the intensifier system at later stages in the language. Both internal and external factors are found to constrain this system, with predicative adjectives favoring intensification over attributive adjectives, prose texts having higher intensification rates than verse texts, Latin-based texts having higher intensification rates than vernacular texts, and the rate of intensification increasing over time. The quantitative analysis of the Old English system also increases the time depth necessary for a more detailed reflection on the diachronic recycling, replacement, and renewal of intensifiers. Language contact and borrowing are also postulated as driving forces of innovation and replacement in earlier stages of the English language.
QSSOR and cubic non-polynomial spline method for the solution of two-point boundary value problems
Authors: Sunarto A , Agarwal P , Chew J V L , Justine H , Sulaiman J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Two-point boundary value problems are commonly used as a numerical test in developing an efficient numerical method. Several researchers studied the application of a cubic non-polynomial spline method to solve the two-point boundary value problems. A preliminary study found that a cubic non-polynomial spline method is better than a standard finite difference method in terms of the accuracy of the solution. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the performance of a cubic non-polynomial spline method through the combination with the full-, half-, and quarter-sweep iterations. The performance was evaluated in terms of the number of iterations, the execution time and the maximum absolute error by varying the iterations from full-, half- to quarter-sweep. A successive over-relaxation iterative method was implemented to solve the large and sparse linear system. The numerical result showed that the newly derived QSSOR method, based on a cubic non-polynomial spline, performed better than the tested FSSOR and HSSOR methods.
Surface Roughness and Hardness Characteristic of 2024 Aluminum Alloy by Electroplating Ni-Cr
Authors: Akhyar  , Yaqin R I , Farhan A , Jalil Z 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aluminum alloy 2024 is widely applied to aircraft because it has excellent mechanical properties. However, the application requires better properties on the surface. However, in its application, sometimes better properties are needed on the surface. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of electroplating time duration (nickel solution: 15 and 20 minutes, and chromium solution: 10, 15, and 20 minutes) on surface roughness. Investigate surface hardness due to variations in electroplating time: 10, 15, 20, 20, 25, 30, and 35 minutes. The results show that the time duration can affect the surface roughness after electroplating coating compared to untreated samples. On the other hand, electroplating on 2024 alloy with time variations, initially the surface hardness value increases with increasing time duration and reaches the highest at 25 minutes (electroplating time), then the hardness value decreases with increasing treatment time duration.
Big data acquisition and processing platform for embedded prognostics of the ultrasonic motor
Authors: Qin Taichun , Li Dan , Li Peng , Huang Shouqing , Dai Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To ensure reliability and safety, embedded prognostics are essential for ultrasonic motor, which is a key component of spacecraft. Although many big-data algorithms have been proposed for prognostics and health management (PHM), no suitable embedded prognostic platform is found for the ultrasonic motor. In this paper, a big data acquisition and processing platform is proposed. The platform is composed of a high-speed signal acquisition board, an edge computing module and a display screen. As the key part, the high-speed signal acquisition board is discussed in detail. Moreover, this platform has been tested with an ultrasonic motor. The results show that the acquired waveform is quite clear, which indicates this platform can successfully be used for prognostics of ultrasonic motors.
A TDOA localization method for complex environment localization
Authors: Ma Bole , Tong Chao , Zou Lipeng , Tian Ming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) algorithm is a widely used wireless network-based localization algorithm. However, with the increasing complexity of real-life localization environments, the disturbances of noise, perturbations and multi-path effect have limited the performance of the classical TDOA algorithm. In view of these, we design an Interaction-derived Sequence Selection (IDSS) method and an Interaction-derived Sequence Adjustment (IDSA) method to reduce localization error caused by Non Line of Sight (NLOS) environments. Furthermore, an Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) framework is proposed to deal with the localization problem in complex mixed environments. Experimental results demonstrate that the IDSS and IDSA methods can enhance TDOA localization performance in NLOS environments, and the IMM framework can maintain strong adaptability in complex mixed environments.
Research on antithrombotic mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba based on data mining, network pharmacology and molecular docking technology
Authors: Wu Jun , Guo Mengya , Shen Xingang , Qiu Zhaozhi , Duan Yingying , Wu Jiahang , Zhang Dan , Liu Liting , Liu Yunfeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The antithrombotic mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba(PRA) was studied with data mining, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. The active ingredient of PRA was through mining and screening TCMSP database and literature, using the SwissTargetPrediction website to predict the target of the material. The Genacard database was used to mine "thrombotic" related targets, and the Cytoscape3.7.2 was used to construct PRA "active ingredients-thrombotic targets" network relationships. The target of antithrombotic drug was obtained by R language, Wencketty Diagram was drawn, and Kegg enrichment analysis was carried out. Then the core target of antithrombotic drug was selected by insertion of Cytonca, and its binding property to the core target was verified by molecular docking method. A total of 14 active components were selected from PRA and 257 targets were selected, among which 83 were antithrombotic targets and a total of 13 core antithrombotic targets were obtained, namely AKT1, ESR1, SRC, SERPINE1, MMP2, JUN, PTGS2, EGFR, FGF2, KDR, GAPDH, MMP9, VEGFA. A total of 1830 GO enrichment results were obtained, of which 1711 were enriched in biological processes (BP), 99 in molecular functions (MF) and 17 in cellular components (CC). A total of 127 KEGG signaling pathways were enriched. The docking results further showed that the active components of PRA could form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the Amino acid residues of the core targets, and had strong binding properties. Based on data mining, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, PRA has been proved to have the characteristics of antithrombotic multi-pathway and synergistic therapy, and the possible targets of PRA antithrombotic and its mechanism of action were explored. It provides a theoretical basis for its further experimental study and clinical application.