bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of anode interfacial modification on the performance of laminated flexible ITO‐free organic solar cells
Authors: Lin Zesen , Guan Wei , Cai Wanzhu , Wang Le , Wang Xiaojing , He Zhicai , Hou Lintao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLamination technique is one of the most promising and effective approaches to produce flexible organic solar cells (OSCs), with the combination of high throughput and simultaneous encapsulation. In this study, flexible ITO‐free OSCs were successfully fabricated by lamination technique under the optimized temperature and pressure. It is found that the introduction of hole interface layer of PEDOT:MoO3 helps to improve both the film hydrophobicity and the carrier extraction. A high efficiency improvement of about 30% is obtained in the interface‐modified laminating flexible ITO‐free OSCs compared to the conventional laminated device. This work illustrates that anode interface engineering has a significant effect on the improvement of performance of roll‐to‐roll laminated and self‐encapsulated OSCs.
Has the current account broken up with its fundamentals in Central and Eastern Europe?
Authors: Coleman Simeon , Cuestas Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSubstantial capital outflows across Europe following the 2007/8 Global Financial Crisis and 2010 European Sovereign Debt crisis raise concerns regarding potential capital outflows from the economies of Central and Eastern European countries. To shed light on country‐level factors that can mitigate crisis and potential capital outflows across these countries, this article investigates which factors have influenced the evolution of their current accounts. Our analyses, using dynamic ordinary least squares, suggest that the long‐run determinants of the current account have indeed changed over time, and threshold cointegrated estimates also confirm that, for each country, the parameters are dependent on thresholds for certain variables and there is significant heterogeneity across the countries. Our overall results are robust to complementary analyses, such as threshold estimation approach. We comment on some possible implications of these differences.
Does the quality of country‐level governance have an impact on corporate environmental disclosure? Evidence fromGulf Cooperation Councilcountries
Authors: Gerged Ali Meftah , Beddewela Eshani S. , Cowton Christopher J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite the growth in corporate environmental disclosure (CED) across the world, there remains considerable heterogeneity in the extent to which firms disclose their environmental impacts. To better understand these changes and variations, we identify possible macro‐level determinants of CED. Drawing on institutional theory, we examine the influence of country‐level governance (CLG) upon CED amongst the non‐financial sectors in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Descriptive findings obtained using a cross‐country sample of 500 firm‐year observations suggest that CED is still in its infancy in the region. Nevertheless, the data confirm an increasing trend in environmental information published in GCC companies' annual reports, but with notable differences between countries. Using measures derived from the World Governance Index (WGI), we examine the extent to which three CLG factors – voice and accountability (VA), government effectiveness (GE) and control of corruption (CC) – explain the patterns observed. We employ a panel data approach with various robustness checks and find that the association of VA with CED is insignificant or significantly positive, depending on the statistical method used, whereas GE is positively related to CED, and CC is – contrary to our expectation – negatively associated with CED. Our study contributes to the literature by providing a picture of CED in the GCC region and adding to the understanding of macro‐level determinants of CED. Suggestions for future research and for policy and practice are also provided.
Study of linkages between productivity, export, and outward foreign direct investment: An empirical perspective of Indian manufacturing industries
Authors: Tripathy Prajukta , Behera Pragyanrani , Mishra Bikash Ranjan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study examines the nexus among productivity, export, and flow of outward FDI among 23 categories of two‐digit Indian manufacturing industries during the period of 2008–2016. For the empirical purpose, this study employs a panel ARDL‐PMG method for cointegration and VECM Granger causality tests. We segregate 23 manufacturing industries into high, medium, and low productive groups based on their productivity performance, which is estimated by Levinsohn‐Petrin (2003) productivity procedure. We find that the long‐run and short‐run relationship among these three variables varies across three groups. Further, there is a long‐run and strong causality exists among the three core variables in all three categories irrespective of their variance in productivity performances. Thus, there is a need for a comprehensive and unified industrial policy in line with trade and FDI as the choice variables are well‐connected in the long‐run.
High‐speed volumetric imaging in vivo based on structured illumination microscopy with interleaved reconstruction
Authors: Shi Ruheng , Li Yuting , Kong Lingjie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWide‐field fluorescence microscopy (WFFM) is widely adopted in biomedical studies, due to its high imaging speed over large field‐of‐views. However, WFFM is susceptible to out‐of‐focus background. To overcome this problem, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) was proposed as a wide‐field, optical‐sectioning technique, which needs multiple raw images for image reconstruction and thus has a lower imaging speed. Here we propose SIM with interleaved reconstruction, to make SIM of lossless speed. We apply this method in volumetric imaging of neural network dynamics in brains of zebrafish larva in vivo.
Evaluating and Strengthening the Evidence for Nutritional Bone Research: Ready to Break New Ground?
Authors: Lewis Joshua R , Voortman Trudy , Ioannidis John PA 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
A healthy diet is essential to attain genetically determined peak bone mass and maintain optimal skeletal health across the adult lifespan. Despite the importance of nutrition for bone health, many of the nutritional requirements of the skeleton across the lifespan remain underexplored, poorly understood, or controversial. With increasingly aging populations, combined with rapidly changing diets and lifestyles globally, one anticipates large increases in the prevalence of osteoporosis and incidence of osteoporotic fractures. Robust, transparent, and reproducible nutrition research is a cornerstone for developing reliable public health recommendations to prevent osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. However, nutrition research is often criticized or ignored by healthcare professionals due to the overemphasis of weak science, conflicting, confusing or implausible findings, industry interests, common misconceptions, and strong opinions. Conversely, spurious research findings are often overemphasized or misconstrued by the media or prominent figures especially via social media, potentially leading to confusion and a lack of trust by the general public. Recently, reforms of the broader discipline of nutrition science have been suggested and promoted, leading to new tools and recommendations to attempt to address these issues. In this perspective, we provide a brief overview of what has been achieved in the field on nutrition and bone health, focusing on osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. We discuss what we view as some of the challenges, including inherent difficulties in assessing diet and its change, disentangling complex interactions between dietary components and between diet and other factors, selection of bone-related outcomes for nutrition studies, obtaining evidence with more unbiased designs, and perhaps most importantly, ensuring the trust of the public and healthcare professionals. This perspective also provides specific recommendations and highlights new developments and future opportunities for scientists studying nutrition and bone health. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Clinical Benefit‐Risk Assessment of Nivolumab 240 mg Every 2 Weeks in Chinese Patients With Advanced and Metastatic Solid Tumors
Authors: Sheng Jennifer , Zhang Jason , Baudelet Christine , Roy Amit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNivolumab 240 mg every 2 weeks is approved in China by the National Medical Product Agency for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and gastric cancer, based on population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analyses and benefit‐risk assessment of safety/efficacy in solid tumors, including Chinese and global populations. The aim of this assessment was to investigate exposure and risk for adverse events (AEs) with flat dosing compared with weight‐based dosing. Nivolumab 240‐mg and 3‐mg/kg every‐2‐week exposures in Chinese patients were simulated using PPK modeling, and AEs in Chinese and pooled global populations were compared by dosing regimen, exposure, and weight. The 10‐mg/kg every‐2‐week regimen was included because it is known to be well tolerated. Predicted nivolumab exposure in Chinese patients receiving 240 mg every 2 weeks was ∼25% higher versus 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks, but ∼60% lower versus 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Grade 3/4 AE incidence in Chinese patients receiving nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks was similar with 240‐mg every‐2‐week dosing and with patients from global populations treated with 3 or 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks. There was no trend toward increased AE incidence with high versus low nivolumab exposure or in global patients of varying body weight receiving 3 or 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Objective response rates were similar in Chinese and global patients with squamous and nonsquamous NSCLC. Results showed that benefit‐risk profiles with nivolumab 240 mg every 2 weeks were similar to those of the 3‐mg/kg every‐2‐week regimen in Chinese patients and global populations, providing an alternative treatment option to Chinese patients.
Evaluation of diagnostic radiology acumen between 2 groups of clinical dental students
Authors: Mupparapu Mel , DeLaura Taylor L. , Dimitrova Boryana L. , Lo Angela D. , Singer Steven R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and distinguish if an additional year of clinical experience increases the cognitive ability of dental students to accurately assess and interpret dental radiographs.MethodsRadiological acuity was assessed between two groups of clinical dental students at Penn Dental Medicine (PDM). Group 1 was composed of 147 third‐year dental students (D3), group 2 was composed of 145 fourth‐year dental students (D4). A 65‐question test comprising the length and breadth of radiographic anatomy and pathology was administered to both D3 and D4 students. The test was designed to test the participants' knowledge of radiographic technique, anatomy, and differential diagnosis. The null hypothesis was that there would be no significant differences between the two groups.ResultsSTATA 15 software (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) was used to statistically analyze the findings. Although, the mean correct score for group 1 was higher (60/65) than group 2 (59/65), there was no statistically significant difference between the performance of the groups. On average, group 1 outperformed the clinically more experienced group 2 on an individual question basis. The average overall number of correctly answered items compared to incorrectly answered items reflected this difference.Conclusion(s)An additional year of clinical dental education does not appear to correlate with any higher radiographic acumen. This may be due to tapering exposure to unique pathology and findings, as more routine findings are encountered daily and classroom instruction during the fourth year of dental school is limited. Early incorporation of new radiographic education tools that are clinically oriented may be one method to increase retention of knowledge accumulated in the initial didactic years of dental education.
Social protest photography and public history: “Whose streets? Our streets!”: New York City, 1980–2000
Authors: Carroll Tamar W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract“Whose streets? Our streets!,” a traveling exhibition that debuted at the Bronx Documentary Center in January 2017, brings together the work of 37 independent photographers who covered protests in New York City between 1980 and 2000. Collectively, they chronicle social justice struggles related to race relations and police brutality; war and the environment; HIV/AIDS and queer activism; abortion rights, feminism, and the culture wars; and housing, education, and labor. The exhibition and companion multimedia website demonstrate the role that photographers, activists, and ordinary people play in enacting democratic social change. They also highlight social protest photography as an important source for doing public history.
Soil is the best testifier of the diachronous dawn of the Anthropocene
Authors: Certini Giacomo , Scalenghe Riccardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHumans act at worldwide scale as a growing geomorphic agent since mid‐Holocene (8,200–4,200 y BP) through the pervasive impacts of domestication, deforestation, agriculture, urbanization, and mining. The concept of Anthropocene has been introduced exactly to indicate the timespan in which humans have joined with other natural forces in impacting the outermost shell of the planet and the biosphere. Soils, which are the Earth's skin, are sensitive archives of any major human‐induced local to global change. Especially when buried, soils can permanently preserve the primordial traces of a significant impact of man on the environment, which occurred at different times and rates in different areas. As a result, we assert that the oldest “anthropogenic” soils from all around the world collectively are an appropriate marker for the diachronous dawn of an early Anthropocene.
Single and Multi‐Mode Directional Lasing from Arrays of Dielectric Nanoresonators
Authors: Azzam Shaimaa I. , Chaudhuri Krishnakali , Lagutchev Alexei , Jacob Zubin , Kim Young L. , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Kildishev Alexander V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe strong electric and magnetic resonances in dielectric subwavelength structures have enabled unique opportunities for efficient manipulation of light–matter interactions. Besides, the dramatic enhancement of nonlinear light–matter interactions near so‐called bound states in the continuum (BICs) has recently attracted enormous attention due to potential advancements. However, the experimental realizations and the applications of high‐Q factor resonances in dielectric resonances in the visible have thus far been considerably limited. In this work, the interplay of electric and magnetic dipoles in arrays of dielectric nanoresonators is explored. The experimental realization of high‐Q factor resonances in the visible through the collective diffractive coupling of electric and magnetic dipoles is reported. It is also shown that coupling the Rayleigh anomaly of the array with the dipoles of the individual nanoresonators can result in the formation of different types of BICs. The resonances in the visible regime is utilized to achieve lasing action at room temperature with high spatial directionality and low threshold. Finally, multi‐mode, directional lasing is experimentally demonstrated and the BIC‐assisted lasing mode engineering in arrays of dielectric nanoresonators is studied. It is believed that the results enable a new range of applications in flat photonics through realizing on‐chip controllable single and multi‐wavelength micro‐lasers.
Control of Cell‐Substrate Binding Related to Cell Proliferation Cycle Status Using a Cytocompatible Phospholipid Polymer Bearing Phenylboronic Acid Groups
Authors: Ishihara Kazuhiko , Abe Masashi , Fukazawa Kyoko , Konno Tomohiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo provide high‐quality cellular raw materials for cell engineering and pharmaceutical engineering, a polymer substrate is prepared for cell separation focusing on the cell proliferation cycle. There are many types of sugar chains on cell membranes, which function as signaling molecules to control interactions with the exterior of the cell; their abundance changes during the cell‐proliferation cycle. In this study, a phenylboronic acid group, which has affinity for sugar chains, is introduced into a polymer containing a phosphorylcholine group that does not induce cell activation. On the surface of this polymer, human promyelocytic leukemia cells can adhere. The adhesion rate is increased by pretreating the substrate with an alkaline solution. Moreover, cell adhesion is dependent on the sugar additive in the culture medium. Therefore, cell adhesion is governed by reactions between the sugar chain on the cell membrane and the phenylboronic acid groups on the substrate. It is revealed that the adhesion rate changes depending on the expression level of sugar chains related to the cell‐proliferation cycle. Based on this, it may be proposed a cell proliferation cycle‐specific separation process using the polymer substrate based on cell adhesion depending on sugar chain density.
Regeneration of Cellulose from a Switchable Ionic Liquid: Toward More Sustainable Cellulose Fibers
Authors: Kirchberg Anja , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA CO2 switchable solvent system is investigated to find an environmentally friendlier way to produce man‐made cellulose fibers. Cellulose solutions with concentrations from 2 wt% to 8 wt%, based on derivative and non‐derivative dissolution approaches, are investigated. Three different switchable solvent systems are tested. After accessing the stability of the produced cellulose solutions, their regeneration is investigated using different alcoholic coagulation media. In order to find a suitable coagulation medium and stable cellulose solution, a dissolution–regeneration cycle is investigated, while trying to minimize the amount of waste by recovering the employed solvents. The process is optimized and the resulting fibers are characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, optical microscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy.
Effect of Molecular Weight of Methylphenylsiloxy‐Containing Vinyl‐Functionalized Terpolysiloxanes on Their UV‐Activated Crosslinking by Hydrosilylation and Mechanical Properties of Crosslinked Elastomers
Authors: Ault Charles A. , Beach James , Mann Shane , Wan Xianmei , Zlatanic Alisa , Patterson Steven , Messman Jamie M. , Dvornic Petar R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEffects of molecular weight of methylphenyl‐containing vinylsiloxy‐functionalized terpolysiloxanes on their UV‐activated crosslinking by hydrosilylation at room temperature in air, shelf life stability of “all‐in‐one” pastes prepared from them for additive manufacturing, and mechanical properties of the resulting crosslinked elastomers, are investigated. It is found that while rheology of pastes containing base polymers, trimethylsilylated silica fillers, and thixotropic additives is not significantly affected by the base polymer molecular weight but is dominated by the filler concentration, the pastes based on higher molecular weight polymers exhibit faster crosslinking (corresponding to higher catalyst turnover numbers) and their crosslinked elastomers show transient strain‐induced crystallization. The latter appears in networks from terpolymers with degrees of polymerization (DP) of 240 and above (corresponding to about one half of the critical polydimethylsiloxane chain length for entanglement formation of DP = 460), within the temperature range of −80 to −30 °C, characteristic for polydimethylsiloxane melting transition. It is believed that this is the first time an observation of this chain length effect is reported for polysiloxane elastomers and that the properties reported herein can be expected to have major implications on the application potential of these polymers in both additive manufacturing and performance of their elastomers at sub‐ambient temperatures.
Pattern of muscle strength improvement after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in multifocal motor neuropathy
Authors: Bakers Jaap N.E. , van Eijk Ruben P.A. , van den Berg Leonard H. , Visser‐Meily Johanna M. A. , Beelen Anita 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), knowledge about the pattern of treatment response in a wide spectrum of muscle groups, distal as well as proximal, after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) initiation is lacking.MethodsHand‐held dynamometry data of 11 upper and lower limb muscles, from 47 patients with MMN was reviewed. Linear mixed models were used to determine the treatment response after IVIg initiation and its relationship with initial muscle weakness.ResultsAll muscle groups showed a positive treatment response after IVIg initiation. Changes in SD scores ranged from +0.1 to +0.95. A strong association between weakness at baseline and the magnitude of the treatment response was found.DiscussionImproved muscle strength in response to IVIg appears not only in distal, but to a similar degree also in proximal muscle groups in MMN, with the largest response in muscle groups that show the greatest initial weakness.
General cancer screening practices among adult survivors of retinoblastoma: Results from the Retinoblastoma Survivor Study
Authors: Chou Joanne F. , Ford Jennifer S. , Kleinerman Ruth A. , Abramson David H. , Francis Jasmine H. , Sklar Charles A. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Robison Leslie L. , Dunkel Ira J. , Friedman Danielle Novetsky 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe assessed breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening practices in adult retinoblastoma (Rb) survivors and non‐Rb controls. We found that most Rb survivors adhered to general population cancer screening recommendations. Rates did not differ among Rb survivors and non‐Rb controls, or among survivors by laterality, even though bilateral survivors reported higher levels of concern about future health and cancer risk. Older age, being overweight/obese, and lack of recent contact with medical personnel were independently associated with decreased utilization of Pap smear among female Rb survivors. Future studies are warranted to determine whether these associations might provide an opportunity for intervention.
Modeling of the anisotropic thermal conductivity of fabrics embedded in a thermoplastic matrix system
Authors: Längauer Manuel , Brunnthaller Franz , Zitzenbacher Gernot , Burgstaller Christoph , Hochenauer Christoph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProcessing of thermoplastic composites is increasingly gaining importance due to their excellent mechanical properties combined with their recycling‐feasibility. However, distinguishing anisotropic thermal properties of these materials make process simulation challenging. This work deals with an alternative way of analytical modeling of the anisotropic thermal conductivity of fabrics embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, as in the case of sheets for thermoforming applications, in which heating times are often process limiting. By creation of a unit cell and applying heat flux balances, the thermal conductivity in the fiber direction and in the transversal direction can be calculated. The transversal direction is the most important factor for the addressed thermoforming applications. The proposed model is then successfully validated through Hot Disk measurements of glass fiber reinforced polyamide sheets. Furthermore, authentication is reached by the comparison to measured thermal conductivity values from another study. Hence, it can be shown that the model proves to be more accurate than existing analytical models.