bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional thermomechanical converting of CTMP substrates: effect of bio-based strengthening agents and new mineral filling concept
Authors: Laukala Teija , Ovaska Sami-Seppo , Kerttula Ninja , Backfolk Kaj 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effects of bio-based strengthening agents and mineral filling procedure on the 3D elongation of chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) handsheets with and without mineral (PCC) filling have been investigated. The 3D elongation was measured using a press-forming machine equipped with a special converting tool. The strength of the handsheets was altered using either cationic starch or microfibrillated cellulose. Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was added to the furnish either as a slurry or by precipitation of nano-sized PCC onto and into the CTMP fibre. The 3D elongation of unfilled sheets was increased by the dry-strengthening agents, but no evidence on the theorised positive effect of mineral fill on 3D elongation was seen in either filling method. The performance of the strengthening agent depended on whether the PCC was as slurry or as a precipitated PCC-CTMP. The starch was more effective with PCC-CTMP than when the PCC was added directly as a slurry to the furnish, whereas the opposite was observed with microfibrillated cellulose. The 3D elongation correlated positively with the tensile strength, bursting strength, tensile stiffness, elastic modulus and bending stiffness, even when the sheet composition was varied, but neither the strengthening agent nor the method of PCC addition affected the 3D elongation beyond what was expectable based on the tensile strength of the sheets. Finally, mechanisms affecting the properties that correlated with the 3D elongation are discussed.
Shared and specific patterns of structural and functional thalamo-frontal disturbances in manic and euthymic pediatric bipolar disorder
Authors: Guo Yi-Bing , Gao Wei-Jia , Long Zhi-Liang , Cao Wei-Fang , Cui Dong , Guo Yong-Xin , Jiao Qing , Qiu Jian-Feng , Su Lin-Yan , Lu Guang-Ming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is clinically defined by alternating depressive and manic episodes with a separated period of euthymia. Thalamo-frontal loop plays vital role in psychotic symptoms, altered motor control and executive difficulties in BD. It remains unclear that structural and functional alterations of thalamo-frontal loop among the different mood states in BD, especially in pediatric BD(PBD).Twenty manic PBD (mPBD), 20 euthymic PBD (ePBD) and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. By analyzing the T1 images and fMRI signals, thalamus volume and frontal grey matter cortical thickness were tested, and functional connectivity (FC) between bilateral thalamus and frontal cortex was calculated. Relationship between clinical indices and thalamo-frontal FC was also evaluated in mPBD and ePBD adolescents.Compared to HCs, the cortical thickness of left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG) was significantly decreased in both mPBD and ePBD patients, and volume of left thalamus and cortical thickness of right MFG significantly decreased in mPBD patients. Compared to that of the HCs and ePBD subjects, thalamo-frontal hyperconnectivity with MFG was found in mPBD, and compared with that of HCs, thalamo-frontal hypoconnectivity with precentral gyrus/SFG was found in ePBD. In ePBD patients, episode times positively correlated with FC values between thalamus and precentral gyrus.The findings of the present study demonstrate detailed knowledge regarding shared and specific structural and functional disruption in thalamo-frontal loop in mPBD and ePBD subjects. Thalamo-frontal abnormalities reported in adult BD subjects were also observed in adolescent BD patients, and thalamo-frontal dysfunction may be a crucial treatment target in BD.
Current analytical technologies and bioinformatic resources for plant metabolomics data
Authors: Vinay Chigateri M. , Udayamanoharan Sanjay Kannath , Prabhu Basrur Navya , Paul Bobby , Rai Padmalatha S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlant metabolome as the downstream product in the biological information of flow starting from genomics is highly complex, and dynamically produces a wide range of primary and secondary metabolites, including ionic inorganic compounds, hydrophilic carbohydrates, amino acids, organic compounds, and compounds associated with hydrophobic lipids. The complex metabolites present in biological samples bring challenges to analytical tools for separating and characterization of the metabolites. Analytical tools such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry have recently facilitated the separation, characterization, and quantification of diverse chemical structures. The massive amount of data generated from these analytical tools need to be handled using fast and accurate bioinformatics tools and databases. In this review, we focused on plant metabolomics data acquisition using various analytical tools and freely available workflows from raw data to meaningful biological data to help biologists and chemists to move at the same pace as computational biologists.
Detecting Admixture to Mango Purée of the Alphonso Cultivar (Mangifera indica L. cv. Alphonso) by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Strecker Claas , Ara Victor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFood authenticity is becoming increasingly important but challenges existing analytical methods. In this study, we analyze the mango cultivar Alphonso with regard to authenticity using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. This cultivar has been termed “the king of mangoes” due to its unique flavor. Regarding its metabolites however, little is known about unique constellations that allow for differentiation of the Alphonso cultivar. We find that the Alphonso cultivar is distinguished by high levels of niacin, trigonelline, and histidine but features relatively low levels of alanine. Furthermore, we develop a model based on the local outlier factor algorithm that effectively detects admixture of non-Alphonso cultivars to Alphonso purée. This task is highly challenging because we identified no metabolites that are unique or uniquely absent in the Alphonso cultivar compared to other mango cultivars analyzed in this study. Our model shows promising results on a test set: Admixtures consisting of 35% non-Alphonso and 65% Alphonso mango purée were uncovered with a sensitivity of 88%. At the same time, our model verified Alphonso samples with a good specificity of 86%.
A comprehensive review of approaches to detect fatigue using machine learning techniques
Authors: Hooda Rohit , Joshi Vedant , Shah Manan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the past decades, there have been numerous advancements in the field of technology. This has led to many scientific breakthroughs in the field of medical sciences. In this, rapidly transforming world we are having a difficult time and the problem of fatigue is becoming prevalent. So, this study aimed to understand what is fatigue, its repercussions, and techniques to detect it using machine learning (ML) approaches. This paper introduces, discusses methods and recent advancements in the field of fatigue detection. Further, we categorized the methods that can be used to detect fatigue into four diverse groups, that is, mathematical models, rule‐based implementation, ML, and deep learning. This study presents, compares, and contrasts various algorithms to find the most promising approach that can be used for the detection of fatigue. Finally, the paper discusses the possible areas for improvement.
Recruiting underrepresented individuals in a double pandemic: Lessons learned in a randomized control trial
Authors: White Gretchen E. , Proulx Chelsea N. , Morone Natalia E. , Murrell Audrey J. , Rubio Doris M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Building Up Trial is a cluster-randomized trial that aims to address the issue of the leaky career pathway for underrepresented (UR) faculty in biomedical fields. Regulatory approval and recruitment for the Building Up Trial took place during the COVID-19 pandemic and the anti-racism movement. The pandemic and anti-racism movement personally and professionally impacted the target population and made recruitment challenging at both the institution and participant level. The target sample size for this study was 208 postdoctoral fellows or early-career faculty across 26 predominately white institutions. Challenges and adaptations are described. The Building Up Trial was delayed by 3 months. In total, 225 participants from 26 institutions were enrolled. Participants are predominately female (80%), Hispanic/Latinx (34%) or non-Hispanic/Latinx Black (33%), and early-career faculty (53%). At the institution level, obtaining Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval through a single Institutional Review Board (sIRB) posed the biggest challenge. We adapted to COVID-19-related challenges through simplifying sIRB forms, modifying study practices, and increasing communication with institutions. Recruiting UR postdoctoral fellows and faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic and anti-racism movement was challenging but not impossible. Studies should be prepared to modify study and recruitment policies to overcome additional barriers posed by the pandemics.
Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates the quality of mouse oocytes during in vitro culture
Authors: Lee Chan Hee , Kang Min Kook , Sohn Dong Hyun , Kim Hye Min , Yang Juri , Han Seung Jin 
Published: August 2021

SummaryOxidative stress causes several diseases and dysfunctions in cells, including oocytes. Clearly, oxidative stress influences oocyte quality during in vitro maturation and fertilization. Here we tested the ability of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve mouse oocyte quality during in vitro culture. Treatment with 50 μM CoQ10 efficiently reduced ROS levels in oocytes cultured in vitro. The fertilizable form of an oocyte usually contains a cortical granule-free domain (CGFD). CoQ10 enhanced the ratio of CGFD–oocytes from 35% to 45%. However, the hardening of the zona pellucida in oocytes was not affected by CoQ10 treatment. The in vitro maturation capacity of oocytes, which was determined by the first polar body extrusion, was enhanced from 48.9% to 75.7% by the addition of CoQ10 to the culture medium. During the parthenogenesis process, the number of two-cell embryos was increased by CoQ10 from 43.5% to 67.3%. Additionally, treatment with CoQ10 increased the expression of Bcl2 and Sirt1 in cumulus cells. These results suggested that CoQ10 had a positive effect on ROS reduction, maturation rate and two-cell embryo formation in mouse oocyte culture.
The effect of an Empowerment-Based Human Centered Educational Program on early weaning
Authors: Irmak Naciye , Uzuner Arzu , Çifçili Saliha Serap , Aksoy Sevim , Başaran Burcu , Tellioğlu Merve 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aim:
To determine the effects of an Empowerment-Based Human Centered Educational Program on early weaning.

Background:
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) means that the infant receives only breast milk during the first six months of life. It is essential for the healthy growth of the infants and is supported by the main health organizations all around the world. Intervention studies performed within the antenatal period suggest that the education extends the duration of breastfeeding and increases the frequency of EBF.

Methods:
This is a semi-randomized control study. An interactive training module including role-plays which contain traditional patterns, short films, short presentations, and group practice with models was prepared. The participants were recruited in the study based on the voluntary participation of pregnant women followed up for antenatal care in a total of four family health centers in Pendik, a district of Istanbul. The pregnant women of one center formed the control group while others constituted the intervention group. All of them were certified as “Baby Friendly” institution. A pretest and a posttest have been performed to measure breastfeeding knowledge in the intervention group. The mothers of the intervention group have been randomized into two subgroups: one group for reminder call and the other for routine follow-up. All the participants including control group were called at the end of the postpartum sixth month to determine the rates of EBF.

Results:
Statistically significant increase in the rates of EBF at the end of six months showed the effectiveness of the education module (42.9 versus 22.2%, P = 0.001). Supplementary food taking time was earlier in the control group (18.5 ± 8 versus 15 ± 9.5 week, P = 0.03). The main reason of early weaning reported by the mothers was “the insufficiency of the mother’s milk.”

Conclusion:
The group training and postnatal reminders were found to be more effective than the individual training provided at the baby-friendly health institutions in terms of the effectiveness on increasing the frequency of EBF.
Growth of Northern Tibet: Insights From the Crustal Shear Wave Velocity Structure of the Qilian Shan Orogenic Belt
Authors: Zhao Panpan , Chen Jiuhui , Liu Qiyuan , Chen Yifang , Li Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe collected continuous ambient noise data recorded between 2014 and 2015 at 288 broadband stations. Phase velocity maps of Rayleigh waves are constructed from 2 to 35 s periods. Combining phase dispersions at long periods (40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 s) obtained from earthquake data, we construct a three‐dimensional crustal S‐wave velocity (Vs) model with a lateral resolution of ∼20 km beneath the Qilian orogenic belt (QLOB) and its surrounding areas. The velocity structure above 20 km is constrained by faults and agrees well with subblocks. The middle‐lower crustal shear wave velocity in the QLOB is relatively low and has an unevenly distributed low‐velocity zone (LVZ, Vs < 3.4 km/s) at depths of 20–40 km, while that in the Alxa block is normal except for a narrow region protruding through the Longshou Shan. Deformation of the upper and lower crust in the QLOB is decoupled, and the growth of northern Tibet occurs through ductile lower crustal thickening and upper crustal overthrusting. The emergence of the mid‐crust LVZ in the QLOB could be due to high heat flow, more felsic composition of the mid‐lower crust, and especially shear heating. The weak lower crust from the QLOB to the Alxa block through the Longshou Shan is conducive to the expansion of the plateau, and the active front of northern Tibet is north of the Longshou Shan.
Are Multiseasonal Forecasts of Atmospheric Rivers Possible?
Authors: Tseng Kai‐Chih , Johnson Nathaniel C. , Kapnick Sarah B. , Delworth Thomas L. , Lu Feiyu , Cooke William , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Rosati Anthony J. , Zhang Liping , McHugh Colleen , Yang Xiaosong , Harrison Matthew , Zeng Fanrong , Zhang Gan , Murakami Hiroyuki , Bushuk Mitchell , Jia Liwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) exert significant socioeconomic impacts in western North America, where 30 of the annual precipitation is determined by ARs that occur in less than 15 of wintertime. ARs are thus beneficial to water supply but can produce extreme precipitation hazards when making landfall. While most prevailing research has focused on the subseasonal (5 weeks) prediction of ARs, only limited efforts have been made for AR forecasts on multiseasonal timescales (3 months) that are crucial for water resource management and disaster preparedness. Through the analysis of reanalysis data and retrospective predictions from a new seasonal‐to‐decadal forecast system, this research shows the existing potential of multiseasonal AR frequency forecasts with predictive skills 9 months in advance. Additional analysis explores the dominant predictability sources and challenges for multiseasonal AR prediction.
Applications of laboratory findings in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of COVID-19
Authors: Meng Zirui , Guo Shuo , Zhou Yanbing , Li Mengjiao , Wang Minjin , Ying Binwu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents us with a serious public health crisis. To combat the virus and slow its spread, wider testing is essential. There is a need for more sensitive, specific, and convenient detection methods of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Advanced detection can greatly improve the ability and accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, which is conducive to the early suitable treatment and supports precise prophylaxis. In this article, we combine and present the latest laboratory diagnostic technologies and methods for SARS-CoV-2 to identify the technical characteristics, considerations, biosafety requirements, common problems with testing and interpretation of results, and coping strategies of commonly used testing methods. We highlight the gaps in current diagnostic capacity and propose potential solutions to provide cutting-edge technical support to achieve a more precise diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 and to overcome the difficulties with the normalization of epidemic prevention and control.
Homology between SARS CoV-2 and human proteins
Authors: Khavinson Vladimir , Terekhov Alexander , Kormilets Dmitry , Maryanovich Alexander 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn extremely high contagiousness of SARS CoV-2 indicates that the virus developed the ability to deceive the innate immune system. The virus could have included in its outer protein domains some motifs that are structurally similar to those that the potential victim's immune system has learned to ignore. The similarity of the primary structures of the viral and human proteins can provoke an autoimmune process. Using an open-access protein database Uniprot, we have compared the SARS CoV-2 proteome with those of other organisms. In the SARS CoV-2 spike (S) protein molecule, we have localized more than two dozen hepta- and octamers homologous to human proteins. They are scattered along the entire length of the S protein molecule, while some of them fuse into sequences of considerable length. Except for one, all these n-mers project from the virus particle and therefore can be involved in providing mimicry and misleading the immune system. All hepta- and octamers of the envelope (E) protein, homologous to human proteins, are located in the viral transmembrane domain and form a 28-mer protein E14-41. The involvement of the protein E in provoking an autoimmune response (after the destruction of the virus particle) seems to be highly likely. Some SARS CoV-2 nonstructural proteins may also be involved in this process, namely ORF3a, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, and ORF9b. It is possible that ORF7b is involved in the dysfunction of olfactory receptors, and the S protein in the dysfunction of taste perception.
Electrochemical and photoluminescence response of laser-induced graphene/electrodeposited ZnO composites
Authors: Santos N. F. , Rodrigues J. , Pereira S. O. , Fernandes A. J. S. , Monteiro T. , Costa F. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe inherent scalability, low production cost and mechanical flexibility of laser-induced graphene (LIG) combined with its high electrical conductivity, hierarchical porosity and large surface area are appealing characteristics for many applications. Still, other materials can be combined with LIG to provide added functionalities and enhanced performance. This work exploits the most adequate electrodeposition parameters to produce LIG/ZnO nanocomposites. Low-temperature pulsed electrodeposition allowed the conformal and controlled deposition of ZnO rods deep inside the LIG pores whilst maintaining its inherent porosity, which constitute fundamental advances regarding other methods for LIG/ZnO composite production. Compared to bare LIG, the composites more than doubled electrode capacitance up to 1.41 mF cm−2in 1 M KCl, while maintaining long-term cycle stability, low ohmic losses and swift electron transfer. The composites also display a luminescence band peaked at the orange/red spectral region, with the main excitation maxima at ~ 3.33 eV matching the expected for the ZnO bandgap at room temperature. A pronounced sub-bandgap tail of states with an onset absorption near 3.07 eV indicates a high amount of defect states, namely surface-related defects. This work shows that these environmentally sustainable multifunctional nanocomposites are valid alternatives for supercapacitors, electrochemical/optical biosensors and photocatalytic/photoelectrochemical devices.
Low-dose aspirin confers a survival benefit in patients with pathological advanced-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Luo Sheng-Dean , Wu Shao-Chun , Chen Wei-Chih , Wu Ching-Nung , Chiu Tai-Jan , Yang Yao-Hsu , Li Shau-Hsuan , Fang Fu-Min , Huang Tai-Lin , Hsiao Chang-Chun , Chen Chang-Han 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains one of the most challenging clinical problems in the field due to its high rate of locoregional and distant metastases. However, studies that assess the association between aspirin use and survival in patients with OSCC are limited. Moreover, patients that recruited from those studies might have tumors that arose from different anatomic regions of the head and neck, including the oral cavity, oropharynx, etc. Since tumors within these distinct anatomic regions are unique in the context of epidemiology and tumor progression, we sought to evaluate the association of aspirin use with squamous cell carcinomas located within the oral cavity only. In this 10-year cohort study, we evaluated aspirin use and survival rates in relation to clinical characteristics as well as duration of aspirin use in patients with OSCC. Our findings suggest that OSCC patients with aspirin use for more than 180 days showed improved overall and disease-specific survival rates. Aspirin also improves survival in patients across various stages of OSCC. Cox regression models indicated that aspirin use was associated with a good prognosis. In conclusion, this evidence indicates that aspirin may be potentially used as an adjuvant therapy for OSCC.
Teamplayer: Herz, Magen, Ellenbogen
Authors: Peters Bianca 
Published: August 2021

SummaryGolfer- und Tennisellenbogen lassen sich über die zugeordneten Segmente, Meridiane und Organe erklären und mittels entsprechender Segment- und Meridian-Tapes behandeln. Insbesondere Herz und Emotionen (Golferellenbogen) sowie der Magen (Tennisellenbogen) stehen über die Segmente C5–Th1 sowie den Herz- und Dickdarmmeridian in enger Wechselbeziehung mit den Strukturen des Ellenbogens. In den beiden vorgestellten Fällen konnte ein chronisch schmerzender Ellenbogen mit den entsprechenden Herz- und Magenbeschwerden in Beziehung gesetzt und durch Schröpfen, Segment- und Meridian-Taping erfolgreich behandelt werden.