bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting COVID-19 fatality rate based on age group using LSTM
Authors: Ramezani Zahra , Mousavi Seyed Abbas , Oveis Ghasem , Parsai Mohammad Reza , Abdollahi Fatemeh , Charati Jamshid Yazdani 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To predict the daily incidence and fatality rates based on long short-term memory (LSTM) in 4 age groups of COVID-19 patients in Mazandaran Province, Iran.

Methods:
To predict the daily incidence and fatality rates by age groups, this epidemiological study was conducted based on the LSTM model. All data of COVID-19 disease were collected daily for training the LSTM model from February 22, 2020 to April 10, 2021 in the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. We defined 4 age groups, i.e., patients under 29, between 30 and 49, between 50 and 59, and over 60 years old. Then, LSTM models were applied to predict the trend of daily incidence and fatality rates from 14 to 40 days in different age groups. The results of different methods were compared with each other.

Results:
This study evaluated 5 0826 patients and 5 109 deaths with COVID-19 daily in 20 cities of Mazandaran Province. Among the patients, 25 240 were females (49.7%), and 25 586 were males (50.3%). The predicted daily incidence rates on April 11, 2021 were 91.76, 155.84, 150.03, and 325.99 per 100 000 people, respectively; for the fourteenth day April 24, 2021, the predicted daily incidence rates were 35.91, 92.90, 83.74, and 225.68 in each group per 100 000 people. Furthermore, the predicted average daily incidence rates in 40 days for the 4 age groups were 34.25, 95.68, 76.43, and 210.80 per 100 000 people, and the daily fatality rates were 8.38, 4.18, 3.40, 22.53 per 100 000 people according to the established LSTM model. The findings demonstrated the daily incidence and fatality rates of 417.16 and 38.49 per 100 000 people for all age groups over the next 40 days.

Conclusions:
The results highlighted the proper performance of the LSTM model for predicting the daily incidence and fatality rates. It can clarify the path of spread or decline of the COVID-19 outbreak and the priority of vaccination in age groups.
Prevalence of dental anomalies in different cleft lip and palate groups
Authors: Somani Ritu Sanjaykumar , Patel Dolly , Jain Mahesh 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Patients with orofacial clefts are usually associated with various dental anomalies. These dental aberrations pose a clinical challenge in treatment planning. Thus, this investigation intends to find the prevalence rate of different types of dental anomalies and their correlation among nonsyndromic cleft patients.

Methodology:
Orthodontic records of 129 cleft patients classified into different cleft groups were assessed to evaluate the presence of different dental anomalies.

Results:
The most frequent dental anomaly found in Cleft patients was rotations followed by maxillary lateral incisor agenesis with a prevalence rate of 90.4% and 59.2%, respectively. Maxillary second premolar agenesis, peg-shaped laterals, mandibular second premolar agenesis, and supernumerary teeth showed prevalence rates as 25%, 21%, 7%, and 5%, respectively. There were significant differences in the overall distribution of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and rotations between patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate, Bilateral Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate, Cleft Lip (CL), and Isolated Cleft Palate (ICP).

Conclusion:
There is a high prevalence of dental anomalies like rotations and maxillary lateral incisor agenesis in different CL and palate patients, which were statistically significant. The presence of such anomalies can deteriorate the already existing functional problem and hence, the study of these anomalies and their treatment is an important step in the rehabilitation of such patients.
Assessment of mandibular symmetry in cleft lip and cleft palate patients
Authors: Prasad Veerendra , Moungkhom Priyawati , Singh Arun Kumar , Mishra Brijesh , Upadhyay Divya Narain 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The objective of this study is to evaluate cleft patients, both unilateral and bilateral clefts and compare them with Skeletal base Class I patients for symmetry using orthopantomogram.

Materials and Methods:
Three groups of patients within age range of 15–25 years: Group I – Normal participants (mean age = 18.33 ± 2.84); Group II – Unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate participants (mean age = 18.74 ± 3.36); and Group III – Bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate participants (mean age = 17.64 ± 3.10) were assessed and compared to each other. Orthopantomogram was analyzed for vertical symmetry. Habets asymmetry index and the Kjellgren's asymmetry index were applied to assess the relative intensity of asymmetry.

Results:
Significant difference was seen in condylar height (P = 0.029), ramal height (P = 0.046), mandibular body length (P = 0.014), gonial angle (P = 0.035) and condylion–gonian distance (P = 0.044). Kjellberg's symmetry index/condylar ratio was maximally affected by the groups when compared with the Habets asymmetry index.

Conclusion:
Mandibular asymmetry has been expressed in unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) group. Normal group and bilateral CLP group indicated a symmetrical posterior vertical height of the mandible.
Geriatric care in pandemic era
Authors: Ahmer S. M. , Amin M. M. Wamiq , Fahad Ataullah 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Elderly people are at a greater risk of developing COVID-19. They are facing the most challenges during the pandemic era because of preexisting medical conditions (such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, or neoplasm). As per the first longitudinal aging study (LASI) in India released by the Union Ministry of Family and Health Welfare on 6 January 2020, two out of every three senior citizens in India are suffering from some chronic diseases. Considering the fact that the elderly are at a higher risk of serious complications and mortality with COVID-19, dietotherapy and other regimenal therapy guidelines described by Unani physicians can possibly play a significant interventional role against COVID-19 by improving the general body condition.

Aim of Study:
The primary aim of this review paper is to organize all reliable literary resources in Unani medicine regarding geriatric care to make geriatric age groups safe and secure during this pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
This review study of geriatric care was carried out with the aid of the Unani classical textbooks and the research updates on geriatric care, aging, dietotherapy, and regimenal therapy that were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Observation and Results:
The information given by Unani physicians in ancient times has proved to be very useful and authentic to overcome this pandemic. In today's research, modern theories and inventions also validate and accept the relevance of all the recommendations or practices given by Unani physicians.

Conclusion:
This entire article focuses on the recommendations of Unani medicine for geriatric care. Dietotherapy and other regimenal therapy described in this article can possibly play a significant interventional role against COVID-19 by improving the general body condition.
Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of leaf decoction of Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. in Charles Foster albino rats
Authors: Gupta Shashi , Acharya Rabinarayan , Nariya Mukesh B. 
Published: December 2021

Background:

Bhuidumri, distinctive of the folklore floras of Odisha, is recognized as Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm., family Moraceae. The leaves of Bhuidumri are recounted for their traditional usage and they are used to treat jaundice, stomach ailments, wound, indigestion, liver ailment, and skin diseases. The present research article aims at exploring the hepatoprotective activity of leaf decoction of F. semicordata in Charles Foster albino rats.

Materials and Methods:
The dried leaves of F. semicordata were prepared into powder, and the decoction (kwatha) form was used in accordance with the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. The hepatoprotective activity of a trial drug (4.5 mL/kg, po) was assessed against thioacetamide-persuaded hepatotoxicity in Charles Foster albino rats. Silymarin (100 mg/kg, po) was used as a reference standard drug in a positive control group.

Results:

Thioacetamide-treated rats revealed a nonsignificant increase in SGPT (665.00 ± 298.96) and SGOT (1196.67 ± 540.38) in comparison with the normal control group. The F. semicordata kwatha-treated group revealed a nonsignificant increase in SGPT (1091.80 ± 558.23) and SGOT (2652.00 ± 944.83) in comparison with the thioacetamide control group. Sylimarin revealed a nonsignificant decrease in SGPT (110.80 ± 20.62) and SGOT (425.60 ± 157.74) in comparison with the thioacetamide control group. Microscopic examination of liver sections from normal control rats exhibited normal cytoarchitecture; thioacetamide-administered rats and F. semicordata kwatha-treated group with thioacetamide showed severe centrilobular necrosis and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) infiltration, multifocal Grade [3]. The reference standard group-treated groups showed mild necrosis and PMN infiltration with fatty changes, Grade [1].

Conclusion:

F. semicordata leaf kwatha is nonhepatoprotective on thioacetamide-induced liver toxicity in rats at the given dose and dosage form.
Non-compliance in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Chowdhury Md. Murad , Datta Amit Kumar , Hossain Modasseer M. , Jesmin Tahmina , Mamun Abdullah Al , Sharmim Mst. Shanjida 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Non-compliance to medications and health advice significantly impact care of patients as well as impose financial burden in nephrotic syndrome (NS) patients.

Aim:
The aim of this article is to determine the cause and consequence of non-compliance in NS patients.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted between March 2020 and February 2021 in the department of Pediatric Nephrology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Seventy-seven NS patients were recruited randomly. In-person interviews were conducted with attendents of patients, along with patients if possible. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from medical records. Residence, financial constraints, educational status, health advices (daily bed side urine test), relapses of disease, different types of immunosuppressive medications, etc. were provided for the cause of non-compliance. Consequences of non-compliance were observed through the experience of relapses, asthma attack or infection, and drug toxicity. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

Results:
A total of 77 patients were analyzed and among them 74.02% were non-compliant and 25.98% were compliant. Among the non-compliant patients, non-compliance to asthma medication, prednisolone, second-line immunosuppressive drugs, and third-line immunosuppressive drugs were 43.87%, 31.57%, 14.03%, and 10.53%, respectively. About 56.14% of the patients did not do bed side urine for albumin (BSUA). Remote location (63.15%), financial constraints (36.84%), low parental education (35.09%), ignorance (17.54%), and undetermined cause (17.50%) were observed as main contributing factors for non-compliance. Among study populations, 77.19% experienced more relapses in comparison to compliance (10%). Non-compliant patients experienced more asthma attack (70.17%, 40/57), pneumonia (63.2%), and steroid toxicity (36.8%) in comparison to the compliance group (45%, 36.8%, and 10%, respectively). About 31.57% of the non-compliant group had spent 30,000–70,000 taka in comparison to 5% in the compliance group and it was statistically significant (P = 0.031).

Conclusion:
Poor compliance to medications and health-related advices have diverse effects including frequent relapse, drug toxicity, higher rates of complications and hence increased healthcare cost. Remote location, ignorance, and idiopathic causes were major contributing factors behind non-compliance issue. Appropriate counseling might change this prevailing non-compliance scenario in future.
Current trends in consumption of smokeless tobacco products among women in selected rural areas - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Agrawal Chaitali , Patel Brijesh A. , Patel Milli , Sharma Pallavi , Fanda Komal , Kumar Anand , Yadav Nirma 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this cross-sectional analytical study was to evaluate the impact of smokeless tobacco (SLT) products' consumption on women's health in the selected rural areas.

Methods:
It was a cross-sectional rural-field area-based study in which randomly selected 500 women were asked to participate, out of which 205 women (who have completed 27 years of age with two pregnancies in life time) were selected and given a self-administered pretested in propria persona questionnaire using an objective sampling technique in 3 months. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version-22 was used to analyze the data presented in a graphical and tabular format.

Results:
Among the 205 respondents, majority (73.17%) were homemakers, while 26.35% were service holders. According to the findings, SLT with betel quid has been used by 52.6% of rural women for more than 5 years. In addition, during the past 5 years, 36.6%, 48.4%, and 38.8% of SLT used tobacco zarda, plain tobacco, and khaini. 40% of the respondents said that they use SLT for the pleasure of it. There was a significant association between occupation and regular use of SLT (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Finally, despite the severe effects and consequences of using SLT, the general people, particularly women in rural areas, are unaware of its negative consequences, and its use remains unrestricted today, which is unfortunate. Approximately 63% of users were homemakers, according to this cross-sectional survey. To limit the use of SLT, a very robust comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system must be implemented at both national and international levels. Finally, it was discovered that rural women predominantly use SLT made from betel leaves, which is hazardous to both general and oral health.
The impact of the method of presenting instructions of postoperative care on the quality of life after simple tooth extraction
Authors: Alsahafi Yaser Abdulaziz M. , Alolayan Albraa Badr , Alraddadi Wejdan , Alamri Amna , Aljadani Maryam , Alenazi Meshal , Elsayed Shadia Abdel-Hameed 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
The extraction of teeth is a common dental treatment. Healing complications have been reported to be influenced by patients' knowledge and compliance with postoperative instructions.

Aim:
The goal of the study was to define the influence of the way postoperative instructions delivering method on reducing morbidity and problems experienced after simple tooth extraction.

Materials and Methods:
A single-blind randomized clinical trial was designed at clinics of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Taibah University. Patients were distributed to two classes on a random basis. The first group was provided only with verbal instructions (VI) after dental extraction. The second group was given written and verbal (CVWI) instructions. Postoperative pain, swelling, sleep impairment, oral functions, and general activity were reported using an assessment tool for oral health life quality (OHQ).

Results and Discussion:
The mean OHQ scores were 14.28 ± 6.36 for VI and 13.46 ± 5.78 for CVWI, which did not indicate a statistical difference (P = 0.50). Of the 100 participants, 51% were mildly affected, whereas 22% were severely affected. Females constituted 51% of the study participants. There was a statistically significant difference between females' mean score values compared to males (15.78 ± 4.5–11.88 ± 6.5) with P = 0.001. About 56% of the participants were nonSaudis and 33% hold a high-school diploma.

Conclusions:
There was no difference between the two approaches used to present the postoperative instruction in the postextraction OHQ. Following tooth extraction, female patients experience a significantly greater decline in their OHQ. Translation of written postoperative instructions in more than one language should be available in our institution to improve OHQ during the postextraction period.
Dental students' perceptions and academic performance in a preclinical fixed prosthodontics course delivered remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alfallaj Hayam , Alkadhi Ruba , Shaheen Naila 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
The quarantine, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, forced dental schools globally to change to distant learning methods which include viewing previously recorded lectures or attending online virtual classes.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of three methods of teaching: Online interactive virtual classes, recorded lectures, and real-life classroom lectures on the academic performance of dental students. The second aim was to evaluate the students' perceptions of the two remote teaching methods as a substitute for traditional classroom lectures.

Materials and Methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted with the second-year dental students at the College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, during the spring semester of 2020. The last six lectures of a Preclinical Fixed Prosthodontics course were delivered remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The students' performance in these lectures was compared to their performance in the first nine lectures of the course delivered traditionally before the quarantine period. An online survey was distributed to the students at the end of the course with questions about their perceptions regarding the different teaching methods used to deliver the didactic component of the course.

Results and Discussion:
The performance of 104 students (56 males and 48 females) was assessed through the number of correct responses for each teaching method. The percentage of students who responded correctly to all the questions was 44% for the classroom lecture format, 75% in the interactive virtual class format, and 78% in the recorded lecture format. The response rate to the online survey was 87.5%. The majority of the students (78%) indicated that the interactive virtual classes were an effective learning method. The perception about viewing recorded material was also positive as 83% of the students agreed that it is an adequate learning method when the classroom lectures were canceled. Nevertheless, only 43% indicated that recorded material could be used as a substitute for classroom attendance.

Conclusion:
The students' performance in the lectures taught remotely in interactive virtual classes or by viewing recorded lectures was both effective and comparable to traditional classroom lectures. The dental students were generally satisfied with the remote online education.
Prevalence and characteristics of mandibular divergency in class III patients
Authors: Tashkandi Nada Esam , Alshanbari Sara Saad , Almutairi Nasser N. , Al Hawsawi Abdullah Ali , Abuabah Abdulaziz Ahmed , Alanazi Abdulelah A. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
The classical skeletal divisions of orthodontic patients are the Angle's classification of Classes I, II, and III and of mandibular inclination into normo-, hypo-, or hyperdivergent. Of these classifications, Class III and hyperdivergent are the least studied. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and relationship between Class III and hyperdivergency.

Materials and Methods:
Lateral cephalometric radiographs of Class III patients were collected from Riyadh Elm University and were traced by WebCephTM software and measured for 16 linear and angular measurements to determine anteroposterior, vertical, and dental associations. To determine the anteroposterior relationships, Sella-Nasion to A point Angle, Sella-Nasion to B point Angle, A point to B point Angle, and Wits appraisal were used. Class III status was determined by utilizing (A point to B point Angle <1) and (Wits appraisal <−2.5). The vertical divergency pattern was considered according to normal Frankfort horizontal plane and mandibular plane (FMA) (22°–28°) and SN-GoMe: Sella-Nasion to Mandibular plane (27°–36°) measurements. The dental correlation was considered according to upper incisor to maxillary plane (U1-Mx) and lower incisor to mandibular plane angle. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 25) software.

Results and Conclusions:
One hundred and twenty-five Class III patients were included in the final analysis of this study. A significant correlation at 0.650 was discovered between ANB and Wits analyses (<0.001). Subjects data was grouped, based on their mandibular divergency, into hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent. The distribution, regardless of measurement used, was significantly higher in the prevalence of hyperdivergents (FMA 46.4% and SNGoMe 56%) over hypo- and normodivergents. Although FMA and SNGoMe were positively correlated at 0.887, there were significant differences in their classification of divergency with higher levels of hyperdivergency with SNGoMe.
Immediately loaded implant retained mandibular overdenture in controlled diabetic patients
Authors: Mostafa Tamer M.N. , Borg Hesham S. , Alam-Eldein Ahmed M. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives
This cohort study was carried out to evaluate dental implants retained overdenture in controlled type II diabetic patients after 5 years of immediate loading.

Patients and methods
Thirty completely edentulous patients (18 men and 12 women) with a mean age of 62 years old were included in this study. For each patient, two immediately loaded implants were inserted at the interforaminal region with ball and socket attachments to retained mandibular overdenture. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at baseline (overdenture insertion) and after 6 months, 1, 3, and 5 years after loading. Data were collected and statistically analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance test.

Results
The cumulative implant success rate at 5 years was 100%. There was no statistically significant difference along the time intervals (P ≥ 0.05). Marginal bone loss was 0.796 ± 0.187 after 5 years of function. No complications or implant failure were reported.

Conclusions
Within the limitations of this study concerning small sample size, age range and the value of glycosylated hemoglobin test, dental implants can be immediately loaded successfully to retain overdentures in type II diabetic edentulous patients.
Diskursus Influencer Kristen Dalam Misi Dan Penginjilan Kepada Native Digital
Authors: Gultom Joni Manumpak Parulian 
Published: December 2021

Kemajuan dunia virtual telah membentuk generasi native digital lepas kontrol, tanpa hambatan dan saling terkoneksi. Dunia tersajikan bebas, tanpa makna dan seperti tanpa Tuhan. Penggunaan teknologi media setiap hari selama tiga jam 14 menit dapat memberikan dampak buruk seperti stress, depresi, dan pergeseran yang besar dalam dunia rohani. Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimana solusi masalah kerohanian native digital di saat gereja dengan segala bentuk praktek pelayanan mereka tidak lagi diminati? Bagaimanakah tindakan Influencer Kristen dalam penjangkauan native digital? Dan Misi dan Penginjilan seperti apa yang dapat dilakukan? Tujuan penelitian ini ; [1} influencer Kristen berperan maksimal sebagai perpanjangan pelayanan rohani.[2] Penghubung Gereja membawa generasi ini terkoneksi ke dalam gereja lokal. [3] Generasi digital ini diselamatkan. Metode penelitian pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi literature. Argument penelitian ini bahwa Influencer Kristen mempunyai peran sangat penting dalam misi dan penginjilan dalam menjangkau Native Digital. Beberapa langkah [1] influencer Kristen memasuki ruang media dalam konten pelayanan rohani. [2] Penggunaan tingkat fleksibilitas tinggi dalam konten misi dan penginjilan. [3] Komunikasi Verbal dan Apologetika Kristen yang berkualitas. Diharapkan lewat penelitian ini (1) influencer Kristen baru bermunculan dengan konten konten rohani, (2) terjadi pertobatan dan pemulihan diri generasi digital, (3) influencer Kristen terintegrasi dengan gereja lokal.