bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Ischemic Preconditioning Occlusion Pressures on Muscle Damage Induced by Eccentric Exercise: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Placebo Clinical Trial
Authors: Junior Eduardo Pizzo , Cavina Allysiê Priscilla de Souza , Lemos Leonardo Kesrouani , Biral Taíse Mendes , Pastre Carlos Marcelo , Vanderlei Franciele Marques 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: due to its mechanical advantage and less metabolic demand, eccentric exercise (EE) has been widely used in rehabilitation and for improving physical fitness. However, EE can induce muscle damage, leading to structural alterations and reduced muscle function, making it necessary to seek alternatives to reduce this damage caused by stress. Thus, ischemic preconditioning (IPC) could represent an aid to reduce the damage caused by EE, because it can mitigate the ischemia-reperfusion injury, and can be used to accelerate the post-exercise recovery process. Objectives: to compare the effects of IPC, using different occlusion pressures, on the acute and delayed responses of perceptual outcomes and on the markers of muscle damage, in addition to verifying whether the technique causes deleterious effects on performance in recovery after eccentric exercise. Methods: a randomized controlled placebo clinical trial will be carried out with 80 healthy men aged 18 to 35 years who will be randomly divided into four groups: IPC using total occlusion pressure (TOP), IPC with 40% more than TOP, placebo (10 mmHg), and control. The IPC protocol will consist of four cycles of ischemia and reperfusion of five minutes each. All groups will perform an EE protocol, and assessments will be carried out before, immediately after, and 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the end of the EE to evaluate creatine kinase (CK), blood lactate, perception of recovery using the Likert scale, being sequentially evaluated, pain by the visual analog scale (VAS), pain threshold using a pressure algometer, muscle thickness by ultrasound, muscle tone, stiffness and elasticity by myotonometry, vectors of cell integrity through electrical bioimpedance (BIA), and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) using the isokinetic dynamometer. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04420819). Discussion: the present study aims to present an alternative technique to reduce muscle damage caused by EE, which is easy to apply and low cost. If the benefits are proven, IPC could be used in any clinical practice that aims to minimize the damage caused by exercise, presenting an advance in the prescription of EE and directly impacting on the results of post-exercise recovery.Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov, (30765020.3.0000.5402). Registered on 19 May 2020.
Chemotherapeutic drugs in Lebanese surface waters: estimation of population exposure and identification of high-risk drugs
Authors: Saab Yolande , Nakad Zahi , Rahme Rita 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Environmental risk assessment of anti-cancer drugs and their transformation products is a major concern worldwide due to two main factors: the consumption of chemotherapeutic agents is increasing throughout the years and conventional water treatment processes seem to be ineffective. The aim of the study is to investigate the consumption of anticancer drugs and assess their potential health hazard as contaminants of the Lebanese surface waters. Data on yearly consumption of 259 anti-neoplastic drugs over the years 2013 to 2018 were collected and the following parameters were calculated: yearly consumption of single active ingredients, yearly consumption of drug equivalents (for drugs belonging to the same pharmacologic class/ having the same active ingredient) and Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs). The classification of compounds into risk categories was based on exposure using PECs. The top five most commonly consumed drugs are Mycophenolate mofetil, Hydroxycarbamide, Capecitibine, Mycophenolic acid and Azathioprine. Based on the calculated PEC values of single active ingredients as well as their equivalents, six high risk priority compounds were identified: Mycophenolate mofetil, Hydroxycarbamide, Capecitibine, Mycophenolic acid and Azathioprine and 5-Fluorouracil. The impact of these micropollutants on animals as well as humans was analyzed. This research paper stresses the importance of further analysis of chemotherapy micropollutants with major focus on high risk drugs. Additionally, regulations should be set in place to ensure proper management of waste water and the development of efficient waste water treatment plants.
Morphological and molecular characterization of two species of Neothada Khan, 1973 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran, with notes on N. cancellata
Authors: Hosseinvand Manouchehr , Eskandari Ali , Ghaderi Reza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Three species of the genus Neothada, including N. cancellata, N. hades and N. major, collected from the rhizosphere of mosses in Khuzestan, southwestern Iran, are redescribed and illustrated. Neothada hades and N. major are new records from Iran. Neothada hades has 14 longitudinal incisures excluding the lateral field, body length of 586 (505–674) µm, stylet 10.5 (10.0–10.8) µm in length bearing distinct basal knobs, and an elongated-conical tail 70.4 (65–74) µm long with a finely to bluntly rounded terminus. N. major possesses 18–20 longitudinal incisures excluding the lateral field, body length of 657 (600–728) µm, stylet 10.9 (10.3–11.7) µm long with basal swellings but not distinct knobs, and an elongated-conical tail 78.2 (70–83) µm long ending to a finely to bluntly rounded terminus. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the two species (N. hades and N. major) with 664 bp of D2-D3 expansion segments of 28 S rDNA revealed that they form a clade with N. cancellata.
Initial investigation of free-breathing 3D whole-heart stress myocardial perfusion MRI
Authors: Fair Merlin J , Gatehouse Peter D , Reyes Eliana , Adluru Ganesh , Mendes Jason , Khan Tina , De Silva Ranil , Wage Rick , DiBella Edward V , Firmin David N 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Myocardial first-pass perfusion imaging with MRI is well-established clinically. However, it is potentially weakened by limited myocardial coverage compared to nuclear medicine. Clinical evaluations of whole-heart MRI perfusion by 3D methods, while promising, have to date had the limit of breathhold requirements at stress. This work aims to develop a new free-breathing 3D myocardial perfusion method, and to test its performance in a small patient population. Methods: This work required tolerance to respiratory motion for stress investigations, and therefore employed a “stack-of-stars” hybrid Cartesian-radial MRI acquisition method. The MRI sequence was highly optimised for rapid acquisition and combined with a compressed sensing reconstruction. Stress and rest datasets were acquired in four healthy volunteers, and in six patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), which were compared against clinical reference information.Results: This free-breathing method produced datasets that appeared consistent with clinical reference data in detecting moderate-to-strong induced perfusion abnormalities. However, the majority of the mild defects identified clinically were not detected by the method, potentially due to the presence of transient myocardial artefacts present in the images. Discussion: The feasibility of detecting CAD using this 3D first-pass perfusion sequence during free-breathing is demonstrated. Good agreement on typical moderate-to-strong CAD cases is promising, however, questions still remain on the sensitivity of the technique to milder cases.
Specifics of Project Management of Development and Implementation of DPO Programs in Universities: Role of Educational and Scientific Centers
Authors: Kulapov M. N. , Karasev P. A. , Fateev M. A. , Słoniec J. 
Published: February 2021

In the article the features of organization of the system of supplementary education in Russian universities in the conditions of modern reality are considered. Among them are the accelerating shift of professions, the concept of "long life learning", the digitalization of all spheres, including education, as well as a stable segment of the programs of professional education in the educational portfolio of a university is needed for its of sustainable competitiveness. As an example, there are proposed some perspective forms of organization of educational and scientific process which are new for the Russian practice of managing education. One of these forms could be an educational-scientific center in a university as a union of the departments and research units in the relevant subject area, structurally separated from the classical forms of faculty and completely different from it. The last one is classically managed individually, collegially or on the basis of linear-functional approach, especially in Russia. The education & science center of Management in the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics is given as an example. It is a really successful division of the university, which has a confidently leading position in the internal rating system for KPI and a stable portfolio of orders for research and vocational programs for the corporate segment, which ensures the implementation of financial plans and guarantees the sustainability of a university’s budget. The article provides generalized practical recommendations for building the processes of development, promotion and implementation of vocational programs, taking into account the differentiation by basic target groups of consumers (students), diverse technologies for their training and creating basic versions of the educational products.
Analyzing the Draft Federal Budget of Russia for 2021–2023: Sources of Financing and Mechanism of Overcoming Finance Challenges
Authors: Alieva Z. B. 
Published: February 2021

The subject of the research is global processes dealing with pandemic. Measures aimed at curbing the corona-virus infection spread caused an unprecedented decline in economic activity in the world and in Russia, resulted in a serious drop in raw material and finance markets, decrease in revenues of budgets and incomes of people. The article analyzes key figures of the draft federal budget for 2021 and the planned period of 2022–2023. The focus is made on social obligations of the federal budget for the planned period, which are not subjected to sequestrating and dynamics of sequestrating federal budget expenses on national projects financing in 2021–2022 is given. The article shows key lines in implementing the program of mobilizing the profit part of the federal budget. The author proposed one way of overcoming finance challenges on the regional level, i.e. the card system of food distribution. In this context the article provides the overseas and home experience in theory and practice of the issue, gives ideas of Russian economists – supporters and opponents of social food cards. Designing budget on the basis of mentioned-above approaches could support economy in the period of restoration and promote reaching the national goals of development, i. e. the growth in real incomes of the population, cutting the level of poverty, providing conditions for healthy, comfortable life of Russian citizens.
Hidden Variables in Deep Learning Digital Pathology and Their Potential to Cause Batch Effects: Prediction Model Study
Authors: Schmitt Max , Maron Roman Christoph , Hekler Achim , Stenzinger Albrecht , Hauschild Axel , Weichenthal Michael , Tiemann Markus , Krahl Dieter , Kutzner Heinz , Utikal Jochen Sven , Haferkamp Sebastian , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Klauschen Frederick , Krieghoff-Henning Eva , Fröhling Stefan , von Kalle Christof , Brinker Titus Josef 
Published: February 2021

Background
An increasing number of studies within digital pathology show the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to diagnose cancer using histological whole slide images, which requires large and diverse data sets. While diversification may result in more generalizable AI-based systems, it can also introduce hidden variables. If neural networks are able to distinguish/learn hidden variables, these variables can introduce batch effects that compromise the accuracy of classification systems.

Objective
The objective of the study was to analyze the learnability of an exemplary selection of hidden variables (patient age, slide preparation date, slide origin, and scanner type) that are commonly found in whole slide image data sets in digital pathology and could create batch effects.

Methods
We trained four separate convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to learn four variables using a data set of digitized whole slide melanoma images from five different institutes. For robustness, each CNN training and evaluation run was repeated multiple times, and a variable was only considered learnable if the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of its mean balanced accuracy was above 50.0%.

Results
A mean balanced accuracy above 50.0% was achieved for all four tasks, even when considering the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval. Performance between tasks showed wide variation, ranging from 56.1% (slide preparation date) to 100% (slide origin).

Conclusions
Because all of the analyzed hidden variables are learnable, they have the potential to create batch effects in dermatopathology data sets, which negatively affect AI-based classification systems. Practitioners should be aware of these and similar pitfalls when developing and evaluating such systems and address these and potentially other batch effect variables in their data sets through sufficient data set stratification.
Association of Electronic Health Record Vendors With Hospital Financial and Quality Performance: Retrospective Data Analysis
Authors: Beauvais Bradley , Kruse Clemens Scott , Fulton Lawrence , Shanmugam Ramalingam , Ramamonjiarivelo Zo , Brooks Matthew 
Published: February 2021

Background
Electronic health records (EHRs) are a central feature of care delivery in acute care hospitals; however, the financial and quality outcomes associated with system performance remain unclear.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between the top 3 EHR vendors and measures of hospital financial and quality performance.

Methods
This study evaluated 2667 hospitals with Cerner, Epic, or Meditech as their primary EHR and considered their performance with regard to net income, Hospital Value–Based Purchasing Total Performance Score (TPS), and the unweighted subdomains of efficiency and cost reduction; clinical care; patient- and caregiver-centered experience; and patient safety. We hypothesized that there would be a difference among the 3 vendors for each measure.

Results
None of the EHR systems were associated with a statistically significant financial relationship in our study. Epic was positively associated with TPS outcomes (R2=23.6%; β=.0159, SE 0.0079; P=.04) and higher patient perceptions of quality (R2=29.3%; β=.0292, SE 0.0099; P=.003) but was negatively associated with patient safety quality scores (R2=24.3%; β=−.0221, SE 0.0102; P=.03). Cerner and Epic were positively associated with improved efficiency (R2=31.9%; Cerner: β=.0330, SE 0.0135, P=.01; Epic: β=.0465, SE 0.0133, P<.001). Finally, all 3 vendors were associated with positive performance in the clinical care domain (Epic: β=.0388, SE 0.0122, P=.002; Cerner: β=.0283, SE 0.0124, P=.02; Meditech: β=.0273, SE 0.0123, P=.03) but with low explanatory power (R2=4.2%).

Conclusions
The results of this study provide evidence of a difference in clinical outcome performance among the top 3 EHR vendors and may serve as supportive evidence for health care leaders to target future capital investments to improve health care delivery.
Hubungan Lamanya Mengidap Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Terhadap Risiko Jatuh Pada Lansia Di Puskesmas Arjuno Kota Malang
Authors: Roudhatul Ilmi Gusti Yeni , Utami Kurnia Putri , Rahmawati Nurul Aini 
Published: February 2021

Diabetes melitus yaitu salah satu kelompok dari metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia karena adanya gangguan pada sekresi insulin atau kinerja produksi insulin. Hiperglikemia yang berkelanjutan pada pengidap diabetes melitus akan menyebabkan kerusakan dan disfungsi pada organ lain khususnya pembuluh darah, system musculoskeletal, indera pengelihatan, jantung yang dapat mempengaruhi risiko jatuh pada pengidap diabetes tersebut. Penelitin ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional dengan metode cross sectional. Dengan menggunakan teknik quota sampling diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 46 orang. Untuk mengukur risiko jatuh dilkukan pengukuran keseimbangan menggunakan Berg Balance Scale. Data status diabetes diperkuat dengan data sekunder dan rekam medis responden di Puskesmas Arjuno Kota Malang. Dari 46 orang sampel terdapat 19 responden (41,3%) berisiko jatuh tinggi, 22 responden (47,8%) berisiko jatuh sedang, 5 responden (10,9%) berisiko jatuh rendah. Setelah dilakukan uji korelasi menggunakan spearman’s correlation didapatkan hasil nilai p= 0,000 yang menunjukan adanya hubungn lamanya mengidap diabetes melitus dengn risiko jatuh dengan nilai r= 0,864 yang menunjukkaan adanya hubungan sangat kuat antar variabel. Ada hubungan antara lamanya mengidap diabetes melitus tipe 2 tehadap risiko jatuh.
Interactive Supercomputing with Jupyter
Authors: Thomas Rollin , Cholia Shreyas 
Published: February 2021

Rich user interfaces like Jupyter have the potential to make interacting
with a supercomputer easier and more productive, consequently attracting
new kinds of users and helping to expand the application of
supercomputing to new science domains. For the scientist-user, the ideal
rich user interface delivers a familiar, responsive, introspective,
modular, and customizable platform upon which to build, run, capture,
document, re-run, and share analysis workflows. From the provider or
system administrator perspective, such a platform would also be easy to
configure, deploy securely, update, customize, and support. Jupyter
checks most if not all of these boxes. But from the perspective of
leadership computing organizations that provide supercomputing power to
users, such a platform should also make the unique features of a
supercomputer center more accessible to users and more composable with
high performance computing (HPC)
workflows. Project Jupyter’s core
design philosophy of extensibility, abstraction, and agnostic
deployment, has allowed HPC centers like NERSC to bring in advanced
supercomputing capabilities that can extend the interactive notebook
environment. This has enabled a rich scientific discovery platform,
particularly for experimental facility data analysis and machine
learning problems.
DESCOBERTAS NEUROCIENTÍFICAS: CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE LESÕES CEREBRAIS E COMETIMENTO DE CRIMES E SUAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS NO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO E NO PROCESSO PENAL
Authors: Guedes Neta Maria de Lourdes , Marcochi Marcelo Amaral Colpaert , Ribeiro Amanda Santalucia 
Published: February 2021

RESUMO: O presente estudo se propõe a analisar a trajetória histórica da saúde mental no Brasil, bem como a relevância e o impacto dos estudos de neurociências para matérias humanísticas de direito e sua consequente aplicação ao processo penal. Como as neurociências está em constante evolução, seja através de novas tecnologias capazes de mapear o cérebro com maior qualidade, seja através de novos estudos, o direito caminha no mesmo sentido. Diante das inúmeras descobertas recentes sobre o cérebro humano, questões complexas surgem para a tentativa de solucionar alguns dos principais problemas humanos, tal como a prática de crimes. Assim, o presente artigo se propõe a demonstrar como ocorre o processo penal em relação ao doente mental. Além disso, se propõe a discorrer sobre o cometimento de crimes por pessoas que obtiveram algum tipo de lesão cerebral, sendo que anteriormente à lesão, tinham condutas condizentes com o que se é esperado socialmente. Sendo assim, este estudo não intenta responder todas as temáticas acerca da aplicação do conhecimento neurocientífico no sistema prisional e julgador, isto porque seria impossível. O objetivo aqui é trazer a reflexão sobre a evolução humana, que é matéria prima da jurisdição, e ultrapassar os limites do conhecimento teórico, para que, ao observar a grande quantidade de pessoas encarceradas, possa haver a reflexão sobre o estado mental dessas pessoas e explicitar que as neurociências já estão prontas para contribuir nesse contexto, para que assim seja possível um melhor senso de justiça no país.
Representation of Kashmiri Women in Naseem Shifaee’s Selected Poems
Authors: Ashraf Dr. Rumana 
Published: February 2021

The paper undertakes examination of selected poems of Naseem Shifaee’s translated in English by Neerja Mattoo by focusing on female identity . Literature looks at humanity with a questioning as well as affirmative gaze, disapproving and approving at the same time, reaffirming stereotypes as well as breaking them. Throughout ages narratives in Kashmir have revealed the inbuilt discrimination and biases against women. Cultural space for women is highly restricted in Kashmir. In spite of their marginalized position Kashmiri women made themselves heard ,undeterred by established womanly restraints interrogated the patriarchal practices and refused to live in a culture of silence . Naseem Shifaee is a powerful women voice acclaimed internationally with the publication of her first poetry collection Darichi Matsrith (windows thrown open) highlighted the existing reality of women in contemporary Kashmir. The paper will explore the incongruity between the societal image of female poetic persona and her own instincts about her true nature .It will be argued how poetic persona is trapped in male allotted and confined space, persuaded to look at herself continually in terms of social conventions according to which women are denigrated by patriarchal supremacy .The bewildered state of mind leads her to undertake the obsessive search for her authentic self identity. She questions what if roles were reversed? In other two poems Naseem questions patriarchal traditions Naseem Shifaee assume the role of the medium in establishing female non being into self-realized person.
PERANAN PENGAWASAN DAN PENYELAMATAN KREDIT DALAM MEMINIMALKAN KEMUNGKINAN GAGAL BAYAR PADA PENYELESAIAN KREDIT MODAL KERJA (STUDI KASUS PADA PT BPR EKA BUMI ARTHA METRO)
Authors: Kurniawati Herni , Hendri Nedi , Darmayanti Elmira Febri 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out how the role of supervision and credit rescue in minimizing the possibility of default on the completion of working capital loans at PT BPR Eka Bumi Artha Metro. The method in this studyis descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used are observation, interview, documentation. Theanalytical tool used is descriptive method. The results of this study indicate that the credit control section hasperformed its role to the maximum extent possible, but the risk of external factors cannot be avoided.Whereas the credit rescue department has carried out its role to the maximum extent possible in returning nonperforming
loans by way of negotiating settlement or by selling voluntary collateral assets, thereby reducing therate of increase in NPLs so that credit quality is maintained. This can be seen from the good credit quality in 2013and 2014, namely the NPL is 1% below the maximum limit of 5% in accordance with Bank Indonesia regulations.Furthermore in 2015NPL increased by 5% from the previous year, which is 9% which means that it is above 4%of the maximum credit limit. And in 2016 and 2017 NPL decreased by 1% from the previous year, which is to 8%,which means above 3% the maximum credit limit. The credit supervision and rescue team has sought to reduce therate of increase in NPLs so that credit quality is maintained. This has been provenbecause in 2016 and 2017the quality of NPLs decreased 1% from the previous year which experienced a 5% increase in NPLs.