bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life cycle assessment of natural gas and crude oil: case study in PT Pertamina Hulu Mahakam – BSP Site
Authors: Muhyinsyah A , Witono JA , Santosa E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology for assessing the environmental impacts of a product. PT Pertamina Hulu Mahakam - BSP Site has conducted an LCA study to quantify the environmental impact of natural gas and crude oil producing and then identify the activities that give significant impact on the environment which is referred to as a hotspot. The methodology used in this LCA study refers to ISO 14040:2016 and 14044:2017. The impact categories considered are Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), Photochemical Oxidant Creation Potential (POCP), Abiotic Depletion Potential (AD), Abiotic Depletion Potential -fossil (ADP-fossil), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Eco-Toxicity Potential (ETP), Land Used (LU) and Water Footprint (WFP). The result of this study identifies several activities in PT Pertamina Hulu Mahakam – BSP Site that can be categorized as hot spot: (1) The oil and gas extraction process, (2) Emission from transportation activities (3) Emission from electricity generator unit and compressor unit (4) Gas venting from surface facilities (5) Steel production that used in offshore platform infrastructure and (6) Fugitive emission from produced water. Several recommendations have been proposed to reduce the impact of those activities: reduce water content in the oil and gas extraction process, optimized transportation routes, use more environmentally friendly fuel for transportation activities, optimize the performance of compressor and electricity generator, and install the new offshore platform with a slimmer design. This study shows that LCA can help oil and gas producers to improve operational efficiency and reduce the impact on the environment to achieve sustainable development.
Analysis of printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) for Small modular molten salt reactor (MSR)
Authors: Suroto B J , Indarta K A , Nurmawati A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Energy is the backbone of defense and essential for the effectiveness of operations. The archipelago country like Indonesia has a specific characteristic when deploy the army separated over the country will have deep complexity in energy distribution and security. The mobile nuclear power plant is interesting to evaluate, and we interested in heat transfer process in the heat exchanger. The paper presents the potential of the application of a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) on small modular molten salt reactors (MSR) for the military. The Heat exchanger is played a crucial role in the nuclear reactor design where the size compaction and efficiency improvement two issues that must be solved. The PCHE promise some advantages such as high effectiveness, high surface area per volume, light and compact. We evaluate and compare the performance of the heat exchanger of the MSRE ORNL 8 MWTh with PCHE’s design where MSRE a benchmarking. The result shows that low-pressure drops, low-pumping power and high effectiveness and compactness (low-dimension). We recommended that PCHE is applied on MSR than conventional HX like a Shell tube heat exchanger (STHE) of MSRE ORNL.
Sustainable resources management to support Sei Mangkei SEZ as an eco-industrial park
Authors: Husni Nobrya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sei Mangkei SEZ as an eco-industrial park with the development of downstream of natural resources resulting from plantations in North Sumatra, especially oil palm and rubber, emphasizes the principle of sustainability and environmentally friendly in exploring natural resources into quality ready-made products. The need for energy is very necessary to support the development of the region, region’s ability to provide energy independently is still limited to using of oil palm empty fruit bunches as an alternative source of electricity in the palm oil mill. The use of by-products is one aspect of sustainability that has been done in the Sei Mangkei SEZ. However, a more comprehensive analysis is needed to meet the energy needs of the Sei Mangkei SEZ as a whole so that the area’s operations can proceed as expected. This paper is written with a qualitative approach and then analysed descriptively to obtain renewable energy management to be applied to the Sei Mangkei SEZ. The research informants were the managers of the Sei Mangkei SEZ, namely: the administrator of the Sei Mangkei SEZ, PTPN III, and PT. Kinra. This paper will present the available energy sources, energy management problems, and appropriate energy management advice. Primary data were obtained from interviews and documents, as for secondary data obtained from previous research reports, articles from relevant journals, and regulations that support the application of sustainable energy management in the Sei Mangkei SEZ. This paper concludes that SEZ Sei Mangkei has implemented the principle of the eco-industrial park and can develop as planned. An alternative to meet the needs of electrical energy in Sei Mangkei SEZ are obtained from biomass power energy, namely: shells, empty fruit bunches, palm oil mill liquid waste, and domestic solid waste. This research suggests that biomass energy as an alternative source of electrical energy needs to be applied as soon as possible before the area operates optimally, and the demand for electrical energy is increasing.
Milk production and lactation length of F2 Anglo Nubian × Etawah grade does
Authors: Praharani L , Anggraeni A , Rusdiana S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Goat milk has many benefits that resulted in increasing its consumption. A study was carried to evaluate total milk production and lactation length of F2 Anglo Nubian (AN) × Etawah Grade (PE) crossbred does in different lactation numbers. There were thirty-eight does of F2 AN × PE used in this study. All does were raised in IRIAP laboratory pens and the same feeding system and management. Daily single hand milking data were collected for total milk production per lactation of the first-third lactation between the year 2018–2019. The data were analyzed using a linear model from the SAS program including lactation numbers as a source of variation. Results had shown that lactation numbers significantly affected total milk production and lactation length (P<0.05). The first lactation of AN × PE does perform the lowest milk production and lactation length while the thirds showed the highest. The milk production and lactation length increased as lactation numbers increasing. It can be concluded that total milk production and lactation length were affected by lactation numbers. This study might be used as a consideration in improving milk production of crossbred goats using AN goats.
Body weight and body size measurement of five Indonesian local chicken
Authors: Mustofa F , Fathoni A , Sari A P Z N L , Sasongko H , Maharani D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Phenotypic characteristics are essential in creature hereditary asset protection and improvement. Phenotypic characteristics of 152 female and 52 male Indonesian Chicken gathered from five populations (Kedu, Gaga, Merawang, Nunukan, and Pelung) were collected. The quantitative traits data, including body weight (BW) and body size measurement, consists of 11 variables, such as beak length (BL1), wattle length (WL1), breast width (BWI), breast circumference (BC), wing length (WL2), breast length (BL2), femur length (FL), tibia length (TL), shank length (SL), shank diameter (SD), and third finger length (TFL) were measured and analyzed using analysis of variance to test the effect of different breed populations. As a result, the male and female Pelung chicken has a higher value in all characteristics, except for WL1 in female Pelung, compared to other breeds. For the BL1 and TL traits, both male and female Kedu chicken has the lowest value. All observed quantitative variables were higher in male compare to female chickens. In conclusion, Indonesian local chicken phenotypic differences provide the potential for future genetic improvement within the breed populations and could be used for designing breeding programs and selection.
Visceral organ weight of broiler chicken fed different level protein and protease enzyme supplementation diet
Authors: Nastain F S , Mahardhika B P , Ridla M , Mutia R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of protein and protease enzyme supplementation on the visceral organ weight of broiler chickens. A total of 24 day-old Lohmann broiler chicks were taken from 120 chickens which have been reared previously since the day old chicks. The experiments were conducted in 2x2 factorial design, with two treatments and three replication, to determine the effects of adding protease enzyme (0 HUT/kg and 12500 HUT/kg) and different crude protein levels (19.5% and 22%) on the visceral organ weight (liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and heart). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan multiple range test. Results showed that all the treatments whether protein levels or enzyme addition did not affect significantly the organs weight. Further, there was no significant interaction between protein levels and enzyme addition in all organs weight except the pancreas weight has shown a significant interaction (P<0.01) between the protein levels and enzyme addition. Although the levels of the crude protein could influence the broiler performance as well as the visceral organs weight, protease addition has alleviated the negative effects of protein reduction on the visceral organ weight. Therefore, in conclusion, protease addition can be used safely with low protein levels without any adverse effects on the visceral organ weight of broiler chickens.
The role and utilization of feed in supporting UPSUS SIWAB in East Aceh District
Authors: Yusriani Y , Rahmah F F , Wahyuni R , Sabri M , Dagong M I A , Bakrie B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Supporting the SIWAB program, especially in East Aceh, requires a guarantee of adequate feed availability, for that, information on aspects of regional potential is needed, so that the location chosen for development efforts is a potential area. The research objective was to determine the potential of natural resources in terms of the availability of forage for the development of ruminant farms. Research and data collection were carried out in East Aceh District in 2017. The method used research analysis is descriptive. The data needed is in the form of potential natural resources seen from the availability of forage. The variables observed included: (1) ruminant livestock population data, (2) food crop production data, (3) livestock groups, (4) the number of livestock officers. The largest population of cattle is in Peudawa Sub district with 17,683 AU (Animal Unit) the production of by-products of food plants is 713.44 tons / year and feed needs of 20,158.25 tons/year. The largest population of buffalo is in Bireun Bayeum Sub district, amounting to 3,062.40 AU, production of food crop by-products worth 904.73 DDM tons / year and feed needs 3,491.14 DDM tons/ year. It was concluded that the insufficient need for by-products of food crops could be surplus in other districts by using the by-products of plantation, horticulture and agro-industrial crops to support the SIWAB program in East Aceh District.
The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented coconut dregs with the addition of sodium selenite as a source of selenium in broiler diets
Authors: Hatta U , Adjis A , Sarjuni S , Sundu B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fermentation has been practised in feed technology to bioconvert the inorganic minerals to organic compounds. A study was done to determine the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented coconut dregs with the addition of selenium on growth performance, feed digestibility and the intestinal response of broiler chickens. The study used 112-day old unsexed broiler chicks for 6 weeks. The broilers were fed with 4 different experimental diets. The diets were basal diet (T1), basal diet plus 0.5% coconut dregs (T2), basal diet plus 0.5% of 5 days fermented coconut dregs (T3) and basal diet plus 0.5% of 7 days fermented coconut dregs (T4). The broilers were fed ad libitum and tap water was offered at all times. The broiler chicks were vaccinated against New Castle Diseases on the fourth day. Feeders and drinkers were placed inside the pen. The feeders, drinkers, pens and surroundings were cleaned whenever necessary. A completely randomized design was used in this study with four different treatment diets, four replicate cages of 7 birds each. The data found in this study was analyzed using an analysis of variance. A Tukey test was applied once a significant effect was detected in the analysis of variance. Results of the study indicate that body weight gain and dry matter digestibility increased when the birds were fed the diets T3 and T4. The relative gizzard weight of birds fed the T3 and T4 was lighter than the birds fed the T1 and T2. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass percentage and relative intestine weight were not affected by the experimental diets. In conclusion, feeding the birds with diets supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae-fermented coconut dregs with additional selenium improved feed quality and broiler performance.
Performance of elephant grass BioGrass as in vitro breeding result in the highland of Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Husni A , Hanifah V W , Syahnurotin A , Kosmiatin M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Low productivity of ruminants is mainly caused by the limited availability of high-quality forages as a result of reducing the area for pasture due to land conversion, lack of particular forage plantation, absence of forage breeder to control the quality, high rate of calf mortality, and low quality of forage varieties in the current period. Therefore, it is a necessity to generate a new superior variety of forages that are easily planted, adaptable to dry land, have high productivity, and high yielded. BioGrass as forage is a prospective strain of high yielding elephant grass varieties as a result of in vitro breeding that has high productivity and quality. This research aimed to determine the productivity and quality of BioGrass in the highland of Bogor Regency, West Java compared to local elephant grass and odot grass. The results showed that the speed of growth of bio grass cuttings buds was not significantly different from the speed at which local elephant grass buds and odot appeared. The bud colour of the leaf petals appeared reddish in bio grass while the local elephant grass and odot were green. The number of tillers and local elephant grass was 3-5 tillers while the number of odot tillers was 5-7 tillers. The fresh weight of bio grass and odot was 40 kg resulted from without fertilizing urea treatment and 60 kg with fertilizing urea treatment. Meanwhile, the fresh weight of local elephant grass was 60 and 90 kg, respectively based on urea treatments. Proximate analysis showed that the highest crude protein content (CP) of the BioGrass was 17.95% with the NDF and ADF value of 61.79 and 37.27%. Whereas CP of local elephant grass was 15.38% with NDF/ADF value of 63.15 and 39.01%, and CP of odot grass was 16.30 with NDF/ADF value of 33.64%.
Influence of various organic wastes on growth performance and nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens): A meta-analysis
Authors: Fitriana E L , Laconi E B , Jayanegara A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens) is a potential protein source in animal feed. The development and nutrient composition of BSF larvae depend on its substrate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various organic wastes as substrates on growth performance and nutrient composition of BSF larvae across various studies by employing a meta-analysis method. A database was developed by integrating data from 47 studies that derived from 13 articles. The articles were derived from several electronic databases such as Science Direct and Google Scholar. Organic substrates were categorized into four groups, i.e., food waste, animal feed, faeces, and other substrates (those which could not be included into the previous three groups). These groups were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance and continued with the Duncan multiple range test to compare among different group means. The results showed that food waste and animal feed substrates had higher percentage of waste reduction index and conversion rate as compared to those of faeces and other substrates (P<0.05). Animal feed substrate had higher prepupal yield mass of BSF larvae than that of food waste substrate (P<0.05). In regard to nutrient composition of the BSF larvae, both crude protein and ether extract of the insect species were not influenced by the different substrates and revealed relatively similar values. In conclusion, a more nutritious substrate leads to a faster growth and a higher mass yield of BSF larvae, but it does not alter nutrient composition of the insect.
Effect of combining autoclave and ammoniation on nutritional value and in vitro digestibility of rice straw
Authors: Muthia D , Laconi E B , Ridla M , Jayanegara A , Ridwan R , Fidriyanto R , Abdelbagi M , Ramdani H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The use of rice straw for ruminant livestock has been restricted by the high fiber and low digestibility. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value and in vitro digestibility of rice straw processed by combining autoclave and ammoniation. The combination was performed to produce rice straw, which was able to digest by the rumen microorganism. The autoclave was conducted at 150°C, 1.2 atm, 60 minutes, whereas ammoniation used 3% urea. The study used a completely randomized design with four treatments i.e., untreated rice straw (A), rice straw + 3% urea (B), rice straw + autoclave (C), and rice straw + 3% urea + ensiling (D). Results revealed that urea addition increased (P<0.05) protein content of rice straw compared to the non-added urea. The pH of all sample treatments over 48 hours of in vitro analyses showed no significant difference, which means it with suit condition for the microorganism in the rumen (6.76– 6.82). The combination of rice straw + urea (B) showed higher (P<0.05) gas production in 24 and 48 hours in comparison to other treatments as well as increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, combining autoclave and ammoniation enhances the nutritional value and in vitro digestibility of rice straw.
Milk production and chemical composition of crossbred Friesian Holstein fed diet containing protected soybean groats as feed supplement
Authors: Pramono A , Rizqi M I A , Cahyadi M , Hadi R F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sufficient nutrient availability in the early period of lactation is needed to improve and to optimize milk production and composition of dairy cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate milk production and chemical composition of crossbred Friesian Holstein fed by diet containing protected soybean groats as feed supplement. Soybean groat was protected by 1% formaldehyde. It was supplemented to three groups of treatment consisted of basal diet (P1), basal diet supplemented by 2% protected soybean groat (P2), and basal diet supplemented with 4% protected soybean groats (P3). A total of 15 lactating dairy cows (crossbred Friesian Holstein) were used in this study. They were equally grouped into three different treatments. Milk samples were measured using milk scan and they were statistically analyzed using the R programing. Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) was also applied to distinguish among treatments. The results showed that supplementation of protected soybean groats significantly affected fat and protein contents. Cows treated by diet supplemented with 4% protected soybean groat was found containing highest milk fat percentage. In addition, protected soybean groat supplementation in the diet statistically increased milk proteins. Lactose in the milk was not affected by treatment. In conclusion, supplementation of protected soybean groat in the crossbred Friesian Holstein diet improved milk chemical quality.
Effect of fiber source on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract in broiler chickens
Authors: Nursiam I , Ridla M , Hermana W , Nahrowi  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to assess the effect of the addition of a fiber source on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract in 7–28 day broiler chicken. In total, of 1600 mixed-sex Cobb 500 chicks aged 7 days were assigned to 4 treatments composed of 4 replicates with 100 birds per replicate. The 4 treatments were: control diet (T1), control diet + 0.6% commercial fiber source 1 (T2), control diet + 1% commercial fiber source 2 (T3), control diet + 2% rice hulls (T4). The addition of fiber did not affect on growth performance, relative weight, and digestive length of broiler chickens aged 7 to 28 days. In summary, adding some fiber at a moderate level as insoluble fiber not any negative impact on growth performance and gastrointestinal development, and can be a strategy to reduce feed cost in broiler farming.
Broiler performance with the utilization of various levels of fermented peanut shells meal
Authors: Armayanti A K , Jamilah J , Kurniawan M E , Danial D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Feed was the biggest cost in the process of raising livestock, so needed efforts to reduce these costs. One of the ways was by utilizing agricultural waste. Agricultural waste in the form of peanut shells is sometimes underestimated by the community because its benefits are not yet known. Several attempts to increase the nutritional value of peanut shells were by fermentation. This study used EM-4 probiotic to ferment peanut shell meal so that it could increase the nutritional value, it was expected that it could also improve the performance of broilers and reduce the fat level in the meat. This study aimed to know the effect of feeding fermented peanut shell meal on broiler performance. This study was designed using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and six replications, each unit consisting of six broilers. Feed treatment are P0 (basal ration (without peanut shells)), P1 (basal ration + 5% peanut shell meal fermentation), P2 (basal ration + 10% peanut shell meal fermentation) and P3 (basal ration + 15% peanut shell meal fermentation). The results showed that the use of fermented peanut shell meal at various levels did not show a significant effect (P>0.05) on feed consumption but showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Concluded that the use of fermented peanut shell meal as much as 5% could improve the performance of broilers.