bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the expansion of qualitative network models towards integrating multifaceted human dimensions
Authors: Szymkowiak Marysia , Rhodes-Reese Melissa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Qualitative network models (QNMs) have become a popular tool to assess how ecosystems respond to a perturbation within ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies. Yet, the incorporation of humans into these models is often rudimentary, potentially limiting the accuracy and reliability of the model results. We developed QNMs focusing solely on the social components, derived from content analysis of the literature on the effects of the US Pacific halibut Individual Fishing Quota (IFQ) Program and evaluated how the QNMs performed with respect to simulating the programmatic effects on individual well-being components. The QNMs were effective at reproducing IFQ programmatic effects and demonstrating how well-being heterogeneity across user groups can be incorporated into network models. However, key mechanistic variables were omitted to maintain model stability, reducing our ability to fully replicate the IFQ system. We conclude that QNMs require improvement to incorporate human dimensions that reflect broader social realities. Yet, given the current structural limitations of these modelling frameworks coupled with the complexity of human decision making, there are likely to be continued issues with integrating humans accurately and representatively into these models.
A case of endovascular management to gain control of a lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage caused by appendiceal artery bleeding
Authors: Smith Eleanor J , Coventry Charles , Taylor Jeremy , De’ath Henry , Haque Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bleeding from the appendix is a rare cause of lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Previous publications have noted diagnosis via colonoscopy or computed tomography angiogram and treatment via surgical or endoscopy. We report a case of large volume per rectal bleeding from the appendix, with diagnosis and treatment via angiography and coil insertion, which is the first of its kind reported in the literature.
Synaptomys cooperi(Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Rose Robert K , Linzey Alicia V 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis account represents a thorough update of Mammalian Species 210 on the subject species by A. V. Linzey, incorporating 102 relevant references published since 1983. Synaptomys cooperi Baird, 1857, the southern bog lemming, is an arvicoline rodent. This compact snub-nosed rodent has a thick grayish coat, small eyes and ears, gray or silver venter, and a stubby tail as long as the hind foot. It occurs from Canadian maritime provinces to southeastern Manitoba, southward to Arkansas and northeastern North Carolina. This cold-adapted species lives in mesic grasslands in the Great Plains states, in wet meadows in some eastern states, and often in wet coniferous and other forest types in the north. Its presence often can be detected by distinctive green droppings. One of two species in the genus, S. cooperi is sometimes difficult to capture and study, leading to its status of conservation concern in some states and provinces.
Patient perspectives on treatment decision-making under clinical uncertainty: chemotherapy treatment decisions among stage II colon cancer patients
Authors: Brotzman Laura E , Crookes Danielle M , Austin Jessica D , Neugut Alfred I , Shelton Rachel C 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe decision to use adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) after surgical resection for stage II colon cancer remains an area of clinical uncertainty. Many patients diagnosed with stage II colon cancer receive ACT, despite inconclusive evidence of long-term clinical benefit. This study investigates patient experiences and perceptions of treatment decision-making and shared decision making (SDM) for ACT among patients diagnosed with stage II colon cancer. Stage II colon cancer patients engaged in treatment or follow-up care aged &gt;18 years were recruited from two large NYC health systems. Patients participated in 30–60-min semi-structured interviews. All interviews were transcribed, translated, coded, and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. We interviewed 31 patients, of which 42% received ACT. Overall, patient perspectives indicate provider inconsistency in communicating ACT harms, benefits, and uncertainties, and poor elicitation of patient preferences and values. Patients reported varying perceptions and understanding of personal risk and clinical benefits of ACT. For many patients, receiving a clear treatment recommendation from the provider limited their participation in the decision-making process, whether it aligned with their decisional support preferences or not. Findings advance understanding of perceived roles and preferences of patients in SDM processes for cancer treatment under heightened clinical uncertainty, and indicate a notable gap in understanding for decisions made using SDM models in the context of clinical uncertainty. Educational and communication strategies and training are needed to support providers in communicating uncertainty, risk, treatment options, and implementing clinical guidelines to support patient awareness and informed decisions.
Responsiveness and Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the 6-minute Walk Distance in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis Surgery
Authors: Takenaka Hiroto , Kamiya Mitsuhiro , Sugiura Hideshi , Nishihama Kasuri , Ito Atsuki , Suzuki Junya , Hanamura Shuntaro 
Published: May 2021

Study Design:
This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Objective:
We aimed to evaluate the responsiveness of the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and determine the threshold of the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in the 6MWD in patients who underwent surgery for lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
The 6MWD rapidly and objectively assesses the walking distance in patients with LSS. To date, no study has assessed the MCID in the 6MWD in patients who underwent LSS surgery.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 41 patients (16 women; average age: 69.4 y, SD: 7.8 y) were included and assessed preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. We evaluated the 6MWD and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), which is a health-related patientrReported outcome, used as an anchor to calculate the MCID for in the 6MWD. We used 2 different approaches to examine the responsiveness of the 6MWD: internal and external responsiveness. The external responsiveness was assessed in 2 ways: one based on the anchoring questionnaire and the other based on the scale distribution of the scale. The anchor-based approach was evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the receiver operating characteristic curve. The distribution-based approach was evaluated using the minimal detectable change.

Results:
The ODI scores and 6MWD for each anchor significantly improved postoperatively. The correlation coefficient between changes in the 6MWD and ODI was r=−0.58. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the ODI anchor was 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.52–0.89), and the cutoff value for the ODI anchor was 50 m (sensitivity=0.57, specificity=0.71). In the distribution-based approach, the minimal detectable change for the 6MWD was 105.9 m.

Conclusions:
Both the internal and the external responsiveness of the 6MWD were validated using the ODI. Therefore, the MCID in the 6MWD in patients undergoing LSS surgery ranges from 50 to 105.9 m.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Computed tomography image fusion, Coaxial guidewire technique, Fast intraprocedural cortisol testing technique improves success rate and decreases radiation exposure, procedure time, and contrast use for adrenal vein sampling
Authors: Liu Zhenjie , He Minzhi , Song Xiaoxiao , Xu Fangfang , Zhang Binna , Chen Bin , Yu Peng , Zhou Hanlei , Shan Lizhen , Wang Hongya , Gu Zheng , Zhong Shan , Xu Xiaohong , Tao Zhihua , Chen Bing , Gu Wei 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is recommended for discriminating patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism from bilateral disease. However, it is a technically demanding procedure that is markedly underused. We developed a computed tomography image fusion, coaxial guidewire technique, fast intraprocedural cortisol testing (CCF) technique to improve AVS success rate, which combines CT image fusion, coaxial guidewire technique, and fast intraprocedural cortisol testing.

Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the AVS--CCF technique.

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated 105 patients who undervent AVS from June 2016 to October 2020. There were 51 patients in the AVS--CCF group and 54 patients in the AVS group. We compared two groups with technical success rate, procedure time, radiation exposure, volume of contrast medium, and complications (adrenal vein rupture, dissection, infarction, or thrombosis; intraglandular or periadrenal hematoma; and contrast-induced nephropathy).

Results:
The technical success rate was higher for AVS--CCF than for AVS without CCF (98 vs. 83.3% for bilateral adrenal veins, P = 0.016). AVS--CCF was associated with a shorter procedure time (63.6 ± 24.6 vs. 94.8 ± 40.8 min, P < 0.001), shorter fluoroscopy time (15.6 ± 12.6 vs. 20.4 ± 15.0 min, P = 0.043), and lower contrast medium volume (25.10 ± 21.82 vs. 44.1 ± 31.0 ml, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups with respect to the time for cannulating the left or right adrenal vein or the peak skin radiation dose. Adrenal vein rupture occurred in 14 patients and intraglandular hematoma in 1 patient.

Conclusion:
The CCF technique during AVS not only contributed to improved technical success rates but also associated with decreased procedure time, radiation exposure, and contrast medium volume.
Significant variations across European centres in implementing recommended guidelines for the paediatric gastroenterology endoscopy suite during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Athiana Ilektra , Légeret Corinne , Bontems Patrick , Dall’Oglio Luigi , De Angelis Paola , Dias Jorge Amil , Hauser Bruno , Homan Matjaž , Narula Priya , Norsa Lorenzo , Oliva Salvatore , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Romano Claudio , Thomson Mike , Vila-Miravet Victor , Furlano Raoul I. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) published recommendations regarding protection for the paediatric endoscopist during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.The aim of this survey was to investigate whether European paediatric gastroenterology centres applied the recommendations and how this extraordinary situation was handled by the different centres.

Results:
Twelve paediatric European gastroenterology centres participated. Nine centres (75%) screened their patients for possible COVID-19 infection before the procedure, the same amount of hospitals changed their practice based on the ESPGHAN recommendations. Six-seven percentage of the centres reduced the staff in the endoscopy suite, 83% of the units used FFP2/3 masks and protective goggles during the procedure and 75% wore waterproof gowns.

Conclusion:
Uniform guidelines could not be applied by all European hospitals at a certain time point of the viral spread, as different regions of Europe were not only affected differently by COVID-19, but also had different access to personal protective equipment.
Venous thromboembolic risk stratification in pediatric trauma: A Pediatric Trauma Society Research Committee multicenter analysis
Authors: Labuz Daniel F. , Cunningham Aaron , Tobias Joseph , Dixon Alexandra , Dewey Elizabeth , Marenco Christopher W. , Escobar Mauricio A. , Hazeltine Max D. , Cleary Muriel A. , Kotagal Meera , Falcone Richard A. , Fallon Sara C. , Naik-Mathuria Bindi , MacArthur Taleen , Klinkner Denise B. , Shah Aashka , Chernoguz Artur , Orioles Alberto , Zagel Alicia , Gosain Ankush , Knaus Maria , Hamilton Nicholas A. , Jafri Mubeen A. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in injured children is rare, but its consequences are significant. Several risk stratification algorithms for VTE in pediatric trauma exist with little consensus, and all are hindered in development by relying on registry data with known inaccuracies. We performed a multicenter review to evaluate trauma registry fidelity and confirm the effectiveness of one established algorithm across diverse centers.

METHODS
Local trauma registries at 10 institutions were queried for all patients younger than 18 years admitted between 2009 and 2018. Additional chart review was performed on all “VTE” cases and random non-VTE controls to assess registry errors. Corrected data were then applied to our prediction algorithm using 10 real-time variables (Glasgow Coma Scale, age, sex, intensive care unit admission, transfusion, central line placement, lower extremity/pelvic fracture, major surgery) to calculate VTE risk scores. Contingency table classifiers and the area under a receiver operator characteristic curve were calculated.

RESULTS
Registries identified 52,524 pediatric trauma patients with 99 episodes of VTE; however, chart review found that 13 cases were misclassified for a corrected total of 86 cases (0.16%). After correction, the algorithm still displayed strong performance in discriminating VTE-fated encounters (sensitivity, 69%; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.96). Furthermore, despite wide institutional variability in VTE rates (0.04–1.7%), the algorithm maintained a specificity of >91% and a negative predictive value of >99.7% across centers. Chart review also revealed that 54% (n = 45) of VTEs were directly associated with a central line, usually femoral (n = 34, p < 0.001 compared with upper extremity), and that prophylaxis rates were underreported in the registries by about 50%; still, only 19% of the VTE cases had been on prophylaxis before diagnosis.

CONCLUSION
The VTE prediction algorithm performed well when applied retrospectively across 10 diverse pediatric centers using corrected registry data. These findings can advance initiatives for VTE screening/prophylaxis guidance following pediatric trauma and warrant prospective study.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Clinical decision rule evaluated in a single population, level III.
Markers of brain and endothelial Injury and inflammation are acutely and sex specifically regulated in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Savarraj Jude , Park Eun S. , Copo Gabriela , Hinds Sarah , Morales Diego , Ahnstedt Hilda , Paz Atzhiry , Assing Andres , Juneja Shivanki , Kim Eunhee , Cho Sung-min , Gusdon Aaron , Dash Pramod , McCullough Louise , Choi H Alex 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate brain injury markers (BIM), endothelial injury markers (EIM) and cytokine/chemokine (CC) markers of systemic inflammation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and across sex.MethodsPlasma samples from 57 subjects at <48 hours of COVID-19 hospitalization, 14 subjects at 3 months of COVID-19 hospitalization and 20 matched controls were interrogated for the levels of six BIMs - including GFAP, S100B, Syndecan-1, UCHLI, MAP2 and NSE, two EIMs – including sICAM1 and sVCAM1 and thirty-eight CCs. Statistical and bioinformatics methods were used to measure differences in the marker profiles across (a) COVID-19 vs controls and (b) men vs women.ResultsThree BIMs: MAP2, NSE and S100B, two EIMs: sICAM1 and sVCAM1 and seven CCs: GRO IL10, sCD40L, IP10, IL1Ra, MCP1 and TNFα were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in the COVID-19 cohort compared to controls. Two CCs: MDC and MIP1α were significantly lower in the COVID-19 cohort. Bioinformatics analysis reveal a stronger positive association between BIM/CC/EIMs in the COVID-19 cohort. Analysis across sex revealed that several BIMs and CCs including NSE, IL10, IL15 and IL8 were significantly (p<0.05) higher in men compared to women. Men also expressed a more robust BIM/ EIM/CC association profile compared to women. At 3 months, BIMs and CCs were not significantly different in the COVID-19 cohort compared to controls.ConclusionThe acute elevation of BIMs, CCs, and EIMs and the robust associations among them at COVID-19 hospitalization suggest that brain injury is mediated by endotheliopathy and inflammation. Higher BIM and inflammatory markers in men additionally suggest that men are more susceptible to the risk compared to women.
Predictors for participation in DNA self-sampling of childhood cancer survivors in Switzerland
Authors: Waespe Nicolas , Strebel Sven , Marino Denis , Mattiello Veneranda , Muet Fanny , Nava Tiago , Schindera Christina , Belle Fabien N. , Mader Luzius , Spoerri Adrian , Kuehni Claudia E. , Ansari Marc 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTResearch on germline genetic variants relies on a sufficient number of eligible participants which is difficult to achieve for rare diseases such as childhood cancer. With self-collection kits using saliva or buccal swabs, participants can contribute genetic samples conveniently from their home. We identified determinants of participation in DNA self-collection in this cross-sectional study.We invited 928 childhood cancer survivors in Switzerland with a median age of 26.5 years (interquartile range 18.8-36.5), of which 463 (50%) participated. Foreign nationality (odds ratio [OR] 0.5, 95%-confidence interval [CI] 0.4-0.7), survivors aged 30-39 years at study versus other age groups (OR 0.5, CI 0.4-0.8), and those with a known cancer predisposition syndrome (OR 0.5, CI 0.3-1.0) participated less. Survivors with a second primary neoplasm (OR 1.9, CI 1.0-3.8) or those living in a French or Italian speaking region (OR 1.3, 1.0-1.8) tended to participate more.We showed that half of survivors participate in germline DNA self-sampling relying completely on mailing of sample kits. Foreign nationality, age 30-39 years, and cancer predisposition syndromes were associated with less participation. More targeted recruitment strategies may be advocated for these subgroups. To increase participation in DNA self-sampling, understanding and perceptions of survivors need to be better understood.
Sex Differences in Functional Topography of Association Networks
Authors: Shanmugan Sheila , Seidlitz Jakob , Cui Zaixu , Adebimpe Azeez , Bassett Danielle S. , Bertolero Maxwell A. , Davatzikos Christos , Fair Damien A. , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. , Larsen Bart , Li Hongming , Pines Adam , Raznahan Armin , Roalf David R. , Shinohara Russell T. , Vogel Jacob , Wolf Daniel H. , Fan Yong , Alexander-Bloch Aaron , Satterthwaite Theodore D. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTPrior work has shown that there is substantial interindividual variation in the spatial distribution of functional networks across the cerebral cortex, orfunctional topography. However, it remains unknown whether there are sex differences in the topography of individualized networks in youth. Here we leveraged an advanced machine learning method (sparsity-regularized nonnegative matrix factorization) to define individualized functional networks in 693 youth (ages 8-23 years) who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Multivariate pattern analysis using support vector machines classified participant sex based on functional topography with 83% accuracy (p<0.0001). Brain regions most effective in classifying participant sex belonged to association networks, including the ventral attention and default mode networks. Mass-univariate analyses using generalized additive models with penalized splines provided convergent results. Comparative analysis using transcriptomic data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas revealed that sex differences in multivariate patterns of functional topography correlated with the expression of genes on the X-chromosome. These results identify normative developmental sex differences in the functional topography of association networks and highlight the role of sex as a biological variable in shaping brain development in youth.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe identify normative developmental sex differences in the functional topography of personalized association networks including the ventral attention network and default mode network. Furthermore, chromosomal enrichment analyses revealed that sex differences in multivariate patterns of functional topography were spatially coupled to the expression of X-linked genes as well as astrocytic and excitatory neuronal cell-type signatures. These results highlight the role of sex as a biological variable in shaping functional brain development in youth.
Neural Activation in the Olfactory Epithelium of the East African Cichlid (Haplochromis chilotes) in Response to Odorant Exposure
Authors: Kawamura Riki , Nikaido Masato 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFishes use olfaction to gain various information vital for survival and communication. To understand biodiversity in fishes, it is important to identify what receptors individual fish use to detect specific chemical compounds. However, studies of fish olfactory receptors and their ligands are still limited to a few model organisms represented primarily by zebrafish. Here, we tested the neural activation of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in East African cichlids, the most diversified teleost lineage, by in situ hybridization with a c-fos riboprobe. We confirmed that microvillous neurons contributed the most to the detection of amino acids, as in other fishes. Conversely, we found that ciliated neurons contributed the most to detection of conjugated steroids, known as pheromone candidates. We also found that V2Rs, the major expressed receptor in microvillous neurons exhibited differential responsiveness to amino acids, and further suggested that the cichlid-specific duplication of V2R led to ligand differentiation in cichlids by demonstrating a differential response to arginine. Finally, we established a nonlethal method to collect cichlid urine and showed how various OSNs, including V1R+ neurons, respond to male urine. This study provides an experimental basis for understanding how cichlids encode natural odors and illuminates how olfaction has contributed to the diversification of cichlids by combining with phylogenetic studies of olfactory receptors gene evolutions.