bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Supplementation to Improve Perinatal Mental Health in Mothers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Desai Vidhi , Kozyrskyj Anita L. , Lau Stuart , Sanni Omolara , Dennett Liz , Walter Jens , Ospina Maria B. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: There is an emerging interest in modulating the gut microbiota to target the gut-brain axis and improve maternal mental health in the perinatal period. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics supplementation during pregnancy to reduce the risk of maternal mental health problems in the perinatal period.Methods: Electronic biomedical databases and clinical trial registries were searched from database inception through August 2020 to identify randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic supplements administered to women during pregnancy on measures of perinatal depression, anxiety, and other mental health outcomes. Study selection, risk of bias appraisal, and data extraction were independently performed by two reviewers. Pooled mean differences (MD) and odds ratios (pOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated in random-effects meta-analyses for the outcomes of interest in the review.Results: From 3,868 studies identified through the search strategy, three RCTs of low risk of bias involving 713 participants were included, all three testing probiotics. There were no differences between probiotics and control groups in the mean depression scores (MD −0.46; 95% CI −2.16, 1.25) at end of follow-up. Although statistical significance was not achieved, probiotics showed an advantage in the proportion of participants scoring below an established cut-off for depression (pOR 0.68; 95% CI 0.43, 1.07). Compared to placebo, probiotics in pregnancy reduced anxiety symptoms (MD −0.99; 95% CI −1.80, −0.18); however, this advantage was not translated in a reduction in the proportion of participants scoring above an established cut-off for anxiety (pOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.23, 1.85). There were no differences between probiotics and control groups in global mental health scores at end of follow-up (MD 1.09; 95% CI −2.04, 4.22).Conclusion: There is limited but promising evidence about the effectiveness of probiotics during pregnancy to reduce anxiety symptoms and reduce the proportion of women scoring ABOVE a cut-off depression score. There is a lack of RCT evidence supporting prebiotics and synbiotics supplementation for similar purposes in the perinatal period. More research is needed before prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics are recommended to support maternal mental health and well-being in the perinatal period.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42019137158.
Dysfunctional Metacognitive Beliefs in Patients With Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Pattern of Their Changes Following a 3-Month Treatment
Authors: Kim Shin Tae , Park Chun Il , Kim Hae Won , Jeon Sumoa , Kang Jee In , Kim Se Joo 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Metacognitions are considered to be crucial factors for the development and maintenance of pathologic anxiety. The present case–control study aimed to examine how metacognitive beliefs are associated with the diagnostic status and subtypes of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In addition, we examined the pattern of changes in metacognitive beliefs after a 3-month pharmacological treatment in patients with OCD.Methods: A total of 562 cases with OCD and 236 healthy controls were assessed with the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) and various measures of OC symptom severity. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) with covariates were conducted to explore the relationship between subdimensions of metacognitive beliefs and OCD disease status. In addition, for the OCD patients, Pearson's correlation was performed between baseline MCQ subdimensions and Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory-Revised-Korean subscales (OCI-R-K). Finally, in a subset of drug-free OCD patients (n = 144), the MCQ was reassessed after 3 months of treatment and patterns of changes in subdimensions of the MCQ were examined.Results: Patients with OCD scored significantly higher on the four dimensions of the MCQ. There were significant associations between all MCQ subdimensions and OCI-R-K subscales. In the repeated-measure MANOVA, a significant group (non-responders vs. responders)-by-time interaction effect was found only for the negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry (NB) subdimension (F = 10.75; η2 = 0.072; p = 0.001).Conclusion: The presence of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs in OCD subjects and their association with OCD characteristics suggest that dysfunctional metacognitions may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of OCD. Improvement of metacognitive beliefs in the NB dimension may be a clinically meaningful correlate of good treatment response in the pharmacological treatment of OCD.
Influence of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Disease Activity and Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Conti Chiara , Rosa Ilenia , Zito Luigia , Grossi Laurino , Efthymakis Konstantinos , Neri Matteo , Porcelli Piero 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The present preliminary cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the extent to which health-related quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was influenced by the outbreak of Covid-19 while controlling for disease activity.Methods: Two samples of 195 (recruited before Covid-19 outbreak) and 707 patients (recruited during the Covid-19-related lockdown) were included. Psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), quality of life (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, IBDQ), and somatization (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-12) were concurrently assessed.Results: Patients with active IBD were more prevalently affected by ulcerative colitis (60.2%, η2 = 0.12) and, expectedly, showed higher psychological distress (HADS, d = 0.34) and somatization (PHQ-12, d = 0.39), as well as poorer disease-specific health-related quality of life (effect sizes for the total and subscale IBDQ scores in the large range of d &gt; 0.50). Hierarchical regression models revealed that setting (pre-Covid-19 outbreak vs. during lockdown) (p &lt; 0.001) explained only a small portion (8%) of the IBDQ variance. IBD-related factors (ulcerative colitis and disease activity) and psychological factors (psychological distress and somatization) added a significant amount of 25 and 27%, respectively, to the explained IBDQ variance. The final model predicted 59% of the explained IBDQ variance.Conclusion: Clinical and psychological manifestations seem to be major impairments in IBD patients both before and during the Covid-19 outbreak. Furthermore, the quality of life of IBD patients seem to be more influenced by psychological and somatizing distressing symptoms than the pandemic-related living conditions.
Un Análisis sobre la Interpretación de los Diferentes Actores en torno a la Educación Intercultural y Bilingüe y sus Políticas
Authors: Peschiera Ruju Romina 
Published: April 2021

Las políticas de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB) en el Perú suelen implementarse sin tener el éxito esperado. Esta investigación se basa en la idea de que una política de EIB no puede tener el éxito esperado si los documentos de política y actores educativos que intervienen en su implementación tienen diversas interpretaciones de la EIB y una percepción poco crítica de la situación sociocultural en el Perú. Esto porque si no existe un consenso en torno a lo que se va a entender por interculturalidad y no se estudian las causas de la problemática sociocultural, las políticas interculturales se podrían tornar idealistas y vacías de significado. De ahí que mediante la realización de entrevistas a profundidad y de un análisis documental, esta investigación busca conocer cuál es la interpretación y percepción de los actores educativos (funcionarios públicos y docentes) en relación a la educación intercultural y bilingüe, y sus políticas.
Si bien los actores educativos entrevistados tienen diferentes formas de interpretar la educación intercultural y un manejo distinto de las políticas, el principal problema encontrado radica en que tanto los discursos que se enuncian en los documentos de políticas, como las interpretaciones que se encuentran en el imaginario de los actores, se basan en una visión acrítica de la realidad sin un punto de partida que oriente qué se entiende por interculturalidad en la educación, lo que conlleva a que predomine una mirada idealista y descontextualizada de la interculturalidad, invisibilizando las relaciones de poder y conflicto existentes en la sociedad, perpetuando la desigualdad a favor de la cultura dominante. Es a partir de estos resultados que se brindan algunas orientaciones para esclarecer el debate que se encuentra presente en la formulación e implementación de las políticas educativas interculturales y bilingües.
Concepciones y Prácticas Evaluativas de los Docentes del Área Curricular de CTA en las II. EE. Públicas de Educación Secundaria de Arequipa (Perú)
Authors: Turpo Gebera Osbaldo 
Published: April 2021

Los profesores1 del área curricular de Ciencia, Tecnología y Ambiente (CTA), en el curso de sus intervenciones pedagógicas, revelan un conjunto de concepciones y prácticas evaluativas no siempre concordantes con los propósitos de renovación educativa. En su ser y quehacer docentes, coexisten pensamientos y acciones que responden a discursos y rutinas internalizadas por la formación continua del docente. Específicamente, conviven posicionamientos evaluativos alineados con los “tradicionales”, tales como finalidades evaluativas centradas en la aprobación de los logros de aprendizaje (rendimiento) con las funciones simbólicas de la evaluación que priorizan el uso de la normatividad vigente, la prevalencia de los contenidos conceptuales sobre los demás, la recurrencia a procedimientos evaluativos centrados en las capacidades resolutivas y expositivas, en desmedro de otros medios y recursos fundados en la observación y reflexión, y una exclusiva responsabilidad del docente como evaluador; junto a posturas “modernas”, como referente en torno al cual se estructuran las demás, una preferencia por una evaluación procesual extensiva y recuperadora de otras modalidades, relegando a la evaluación normativa y optando por una criterial.

1 Al referirnos a los profesores también incluimos a las profesoras en los mismos términos. El uso gramatical no esconde una discriminación sexista (Eco, 1998).
Six-mode scrambler based on cascaded side-wall grating waveguides
Authors: Fujisawa Takeshi , Sakamoto Taiji , Miyata Masashi , Matsui Takashi , Hashimoto Toshikazu , Kasahara Ryoichi , Mori Takayoshi , Imada Ryota , Nakajima Kazuhide , Saitoh Kunimasa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A six-mode scrambler based on cascaded side-wall long-period-grating waveguides on a silica planar lightwave circuit (PLC) platform is proposed for mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) transmission. The device can be fabricated with only one-step etching since it does not use a surface grating. A mode-dependent loss (MDL) of the system is estimated and the MDL can be reduced with a multiple scrambling operation. Two gratings proposed here and a fiber-pigtailed module containing these gratings are fabricated and the expected proof-of-concept mode scrambling operation is confirmed. It is found that the connection between few-mode fiber (FMF) and PLC chip seems to be the dominant loss of the module. Considering these losses, the measured results are in good agreement with the calculated results.
Dephasing of terahertz Bloch oscillations in a GaAs-based narrow-minigap superlattice excited by tunable pump photon energy
Authors: Unuma Takeya , Abe Ryota 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigate peculiar Bloch oscillations under interminiband mixing in a GaAs-based narrow-minigap superlattice by terahertz emission spectroscopy. The dephasing time decreases with increasing pump photon energy and drops substantially at a certain energy, in contrast to that reported for Wannier–Stark ladder states in a nearly isolated miniband. This behavior can be ascribed to the LO phonon emission of electrons that are excited with in-plane excess energies and accelerated under dc bias electric field in the conduction first miniband. Our findings support the validity of the miniband transport model employed recently to account for an accompanying π/2 shift in the oscillation phase.
Comparison of 2 mcg/kg of fentanyl and 150 mcg/kg oxycodone during induction on post-intubation hemodynamics: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: . Suwarman , Heiry Rizky , Rismawan Budiana 
Published: April 2021

Context: Endotracheal intubation may cause increased blood pressure and heart rate. The use of fentanyl as pre-intubation medication blunts the hemodynamic changes. However, fentanyl has side effects of sedation and respiratory depression. Oxycodone is an opioid similar to fentanyl that can be used as pre-intubation medication with less effects on sedation and respiratory depression.
Aims: This study compared the effect of 150 mcg/kg oxycodone and 2 mcg/kg fentanyl during induction on post-intubation blood pressure and heart rate changes.
Methodology: The study was a double-blind, randomized clinical trial in 40 patients ASA I-II aged between 19 and 65-years old undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.
The patients were divided into 2 groups, one receiving 150 mcg/kg oxycodone and one receiving 2 mcg/kg fentanyl during induction. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction (T0), before intubation (T1), just after intubation (T2), 3 min after intubation (T3) and 5 min after intubation (T4).
Statistical data were analyzed using the unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney test, where p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in MAP (and #61508;MAP) in every time point assessed (12.15 ± 6.753, 13.40 ± 6.143, and 17.59 ± 7.715 in the oxycodone group versus 3.65 ± 3.746, 6.05 ± 4.186, and 9.40 ± 6.484 in the fentanyl group, consecutively). This study also showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in heart rate in every time point assessed (3,40 ± 4.212, 8.35 ± 4,891 and 10.45 ± 6.253 in the oxycodone group versus -4.80 ± 6.477, -2.15 ± 4.671, and -1.20 ± 6.978 in the fentanyl group, consecutively).
Conclusions: Administration of 150 mcg/kg oxycodone during induction causes a smaller increase in post-endotracheal intubation blood pressure and heart rate compared to 2 mcg/kg fentanyl.
Key words: Blood pressure; Fentanyl; Heart rate; Intubation; Oxycodone; Post-intubation hemodynamic
Citation: Suwarman, Rismawan B, Rizky Heiry R. Comparison of 2 mcg/kg of fentanyl and 150 mcg/kg oxycodone during induction on post-intubation hemodynamics: a randomized clinical trial. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(2):138-142. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i2.1461
Received: 25 September 2020, Reviewed: 4 January 2021, Accepted: 10 January 2021
Role of pre–extubation fentanyl in mastectomy: a randomized, controlled, double–blind study
Authors: Salman Ahmed , Zayed Norma Osama , Mansour Ahmed , Howaidi Ramy , Foly Ahmed Gamaleldin , ElSharkawy Mohammed Said , Abdelgalil Ahmed Salah 
Published: April 2021

Background: Both tracheal intubation and extubation are associated with dangerous consequences such as tachycardia, hypertension, myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias. The aim was to evaluate pre–extubation two different doses of fentanyl on hemodynamic stabilization and delayed recovery in mastectomy.
Methodology: The randomized controlled double–blind study was conducted on 126 patients aged 16–60 years, with controlled hypertension, receiving chemotherapy before surgery and underwent mastectomy for breast cancer. Patients were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups. Before extubation, patients received 10 ml saline in group (C), 1 µg/kg fentanyl in Group–F1: and 2 µg/kg fentanyl in Group–F2. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at T1 (after maintenance of anesthesia), T2 (after giving the test drug), T3 (immediately after extubation), T4 (5 min. after extubation) and T5 (15 min after extubation).
Results: MAP was significantly lower in fentanyl groups compared to Group–C at T2 and T3 without significant deference between fentanyl groups. HR was significantly lower in fentanyl groups compared to Group–C and in Group–F2 compared to Group–F1 at T3, T4 and T5. Time of extubation was significantly prolonged in Group–F2 compared to Group–F1 and Group–C without a significant difference between Group–F1 and Group–C.
Conclusions: Pre–extubation fentanyl 1 µg/kg blunted cardiovascular responses to extubation without respiratory depression or prolonged recovery. Pre–extubation fentanyl 2 µg/kg provide more control in HR but with delay in the extubation time compared to 1 µg/kg of fentanyl.
Key words: Pre–Extubation, Fentanyl, Mastectomy, Hemodynamics, Recovery
Preregistration: The study was registered in the Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (approval number: 281)
Citation: Salman A, Zayed NO, Mansour A, Howaidi R, Foly AG, ElSharkawy MS, Abdelgalil AS. Role of pre–extubation fentanyl in mastectomy: a randomized, controlled, double–blind study. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(2):143-149. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i2.1462.
Abbreviations: CST=Craniosacral therapy; SMT=Sensorimotor training; NCLBP=Nonspecific chronic low back pain; VAS=Visual analogue scale; ODI=Oswestry disability index, BDI-II=Beck depression inventory-II, and SF-36=Short Form-36; CSF=cerebral spinal fluid; CSS=craniosacral system; PRM=primary respiratory movements
Received: 27 June 2020, Reviewed: 24 July 2020, Accepted: 27 July 2020
Comparative study between noninvasive ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure mask versus stacked breathing on chest expansion and pulmonary function in patients with pneumonia
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Talaat , Abou Galalah Ayman A. , Mahgoub Asmaa A. , Mahram Ghada S. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Majority of patients with pneumonia fail the treatment by the noninvasive ventilation (NIV), not because of its low efficacy for maintaining upper airway patency but because of intolerance. The current study was designed to compare the effectiveness of stacked breathing exercise (SBE) versus continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask on the chest expansion and pulmonary functions for patients with pneumonia.
Methodology: A randomized controlled experimental study was conducted in chest ICU in Assiut University Hospital in Egypt and registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04576221 identifier). Sixty patients with pneumonia were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two groups (30 patients each), the patients in SB group received SBE and were instructed to perform the exercise 3 times per day for one week; and the CPAP group received NIV with using CPAP mask. Chest expansion and pulmonary functions were assessed before and after the exercise.
Results: There were significant differences in chest expansion and pulmonary functions between the SB and CPAP groups after exercise in the first day, after 3 days and on the last day of the study (p=0.018, < 0.001 and < 0.001) respectively. Chest expansion and pulmonary functions in the SB group was much improved than those in the CPAP group.
Conclusions: Implementing SB exercise had a significant effect on improving chest expansion and pulmonary functions in patients with pneumonia than NIV with CPAP mask.
Key words: Chest expansion; CPAP mask; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Function; Stacked breathing
Citation: Ahmed AT, Abou Galalah AA, Mahgoub AA, Mahran GS. Comparative study between noninvasive ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure mask versus stacked breathing on chest expansion and pulmonary function in patients with pneumonia. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(2):176-184. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i2.1470
Received: 2 November 2020, Reviewed: 2 December 2020, Accepted: 24 March 2021
Regional anesthesia in a patient with multiple trauma, advanced age and multiple comorbidities
Authors: Sahap Mehmet , Gulec Handan , But Abdulkadir , Gulec Selcuk , Ozcan Ayca Dumanlı 
Published: April 2021

The higher incidence of comorbidities in advanced age causes difficulties in anesthesia management. When choosing the anesthesia technique in old aged patients, our target must be to avoid aggravating the existing systemic diseases and avoid disturbing the hemodynamics to ensure their rapid return to routine life. In this case report, we present our choice of infraclavicular nerve block accompanied with spinal anesthesia in a patient with advanced age and several comorbidities, who sustained multiple trauma. The surgery of the patient was successfully performed with minimal effects on the hemodynamics, and he was transferred to the clinic. We stress careful selection of the most appropriate anesthesia technique according to the existing state of the patient, and opting for appropriate nerve blocks even to the patients with respiratory problems.
Key words: Advanced age; Trauma; Spinal anesthesia; Infraclavicular block
Citation: Sahap M, Gulec H, But A, Gulec S, Ozcan AD. Regional anesthesia in a patient with multiple trauma, advanced age and multiple comorbidities. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(2):222-224. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i2.1475
Received: 1 December 2020, Reviewed: 7 February 2021, Accepted: 23 February 2021
Dr. Jean-Pierre Estèbe
Authors: Falieres Dr. Xavier 
Published: April 2021

It is with great sadness that we heard of the death of Dr Jean-Pierre Estèbe, French anesthesiologist, on the 16th of March 2021.
Jean-Pierre Estèbe was born in 1955. He started his medical studies in Rennes, France in 1975 and continued with training in anesthesia-intensive care, primarily wanting to become an intensivist.
He was passionate about his job, spending his energy on two fronts: pain and loco-regional anesthesia, problems within and the relevant fundamental research; more specifically the prolongation of analgesia with local anesthetics, which were finalized by a university thesis in 2001.