bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D-Printed “Jigsaw Puzzle” in Craniomaxillofacial Comminuted Fracture Reduction
Authors: Wang Tien-Hsiang , Yu Wen-Chan , Shih Yu-Chung , Chen Ching-En , Wang Shyh-Jen , Ma Hsu , Chen Wei-Ming 
Published: December 2024

Background
Surgical treatment of comminuted and multiple facial fractures is challenging, as identifying the bone anatomy and restoring the alignment are complicated. To overcome the difficulties, 3D-printed “jigsaw puzzle” has been innovated to improve the surgical outcome. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of 3D-printed model in facial fracture restoration procedures.

Materials and Methods
Patients with traumatic craniomaxillofacial fractures treated at a single institution were enrolled in this study. The exclusion criteria included the presence of mandibular fractures, greenstick fractures, isolated fractures, and revision cases. Fine-cut (1-mm thick) computed tomography images of each patient were assembled into a 3D model for preoperative planning. Major fragments were segmented in virtual surgical planning, printed out with a 3D printer as “jigsaw puzzle” pieces, and assembled with plates and screws as in surgical rehearsals. We further matched our study group with a control group of patients who underwent the corresponding procedures to compare operative time.

Results
Nine patients with craniomaxillofacial fractures were included in the study, including 2 patients with zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures and 7 patients with multiple fractures. No remarkable postoperative complications, such as enophthalmus or optic nerve injury, that require additional or revision surgery were noted. The mean operative time was 391 and 435 minutes in the study and control groups, respectively. The t test results were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Surgeons can perform comprehensive preoperative planning, simulation, and obtain a real-time reference for facial bone reduction by using the 3D-printed “jigsaw puzzle” in multiple complicated craniomaxillofacial fractures.
New Productive Force: The Preliminary Report of First Craniofacial Surgical Robot IST Multicenter Clinical Trial in China
Authors: Li Li , Lin Li , Xu HaiSong , Zhang Yan , Chai Gang 
Published: December 2024

Background:
This paper presents the authors' team’s research on a craniofacial surgical robot developed in China. Initiated in 2011 with government funding, the craniofacial surgical robot project was officially launched in Shanghai, developed jointly by the Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and the Shanghai Jiao Tong University medical-engineering team. Currently, based on multiple rounds of model surgeries, animal experiments, and clinical trials, our team is applying for approval as a Class III medical device from the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). As an innovative tool in the field of craniofacial surgery, it fills a technological gap within the country.

Methods:
This study is a multicenter cohort study based on patient data from Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital from 2019 to 2024. Inclusion criteria included patients who underwent craniofacial surgery with complete follow-up data, with the primary variable being the use of robotic assistance in craniofacial surgery. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, t tests, and multivariable regression, with a significance level set at P<0.05.

Results:
The craniofacial surgical robot has been widely explored in the fields of congenital deformities, tumor reconstruction, and esthetic surgery. In the clinical trials discussed in this article, which included experiments on both craniofacial deformity correction surgeries and esthetic surgeries, a total of 39 patients were enrolled. In mandibular osteotomy surgery, robotic-assisted procedures can reduce osteotomy length error by an average of 2.2 mm and mandibular angle error by 9.09 degrees, while also decreasing the average surgery time by 10.43 minutes. In hemifacial microsomia distraction osteogenesis surgery, robotic-assisted surgery can reduce osteotomy length error by an average of 4.6 mm and shorten the average surgery time by 60 minutes. The robotic-assisted group also showed better perioperative outcomes for patients. The surgical precision was improved and there was a significant reduction in postoperative complications.

Conclusion:
The authors' research team has completed the first multicenter study on craniofacial surgical robots in China, demonstrating that this robot significantly enhances surgical precision, reduces operation time, and improves perioperative patient indicators. These findings indicate that the robot is highly effective in assisting surgeons with complex procedures. The study suggests that, in the future, this robot is likely to be widely adopted in craniofacial surgery, significantly advancing surgical efficiency and precision, and bringing transformative progress to clinical practice.
Factors affecting the direct red cell effect on thrombosis: Hematocrit dilution and injury patterns
Authors: Price Adam D. , Becker Ellen R. , Chae Ryan C. , Baucom Matthew R. , Wallen Taylor E. , Schuster Rebecca , England Lisa , Pritts Timothy A. , Goodman Michael D. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation can be initiated by calcium and tissue factor, which may independently contribute to microvascular and macrovascular thrombosis after injury and transfusion. Previous studies have demonstrated that increased blood storage duration may contribute to thrombotic events. The aims of this study were to first determine the effect of blood product components, age, and hematocrit (HCT) on the aggregability of RBCs, followed by measurement of RBC aggregability in two specific injury models including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock.

METHODS
Human whole blood (WB) units were obtained following the standard 21-day storage period. Whole blood was separated into components including RBCs, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) via serial centrifugation and diluted to a standardized HCT on Days 2 and 23 following isolation. Finally, WB was collected from murine models of TBI and hemorrhagic shock at sequential, postinjury timepoints. Whole blood and component groups were analyzed for RBC aggregability with calcium and tissue factor initiated electrical impedance aggregometry.

RESULTS
At both timepoints, nondiluted HCT RBCs demonstrated similar aggregability to standardized-HCT RBCs when diluted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Red blood cells diluted with PRP and PPP demonstrated significantly higher aggregation than RBCs diluted with PBS at both timepoints. Reconstitution with PRP and PPP demonstrated similar aggregability. Murine RBCs demonstrated increased aggregation at the 4-hour postinjury timepoint following TBI and decreased aggregation at the 1-hour postinjury following hemorrhagic shock.

CONCLUSION
Neither hemoconcentration or age of donated blood products affect the calcium and tissue-factor dependent aggregability of RBCs. Further, RBC aggregation is increased in the presence of plasma, not platelets—indicating a potential role for plasma in regulating RBC aggregation. Finally, injury patterns including TBI and hemorrhagic shock may influence hypercoagulability or coagulopathy via change in RBC aggregability.
Haemodynamic impact of implant materials and anastomotic angle in peripheral vascular grafts
Authors: Schoenborn Sabrina , Lloyd Thomas , Sivakumaran Yogeesan , Woodruff Maria A. , Fletcher David F. , Pirola Selene , Allenby Mark C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnd-to-side anastomoses are commonly utilised in peripheral arterial bypass surgery and are plagued by high rates of re-stenosis as a result of non-physiological blood flow impacting arterial and graft structures. Computational simulations can examine how patient-specific surgical decisions in bypass graft placement and material selection affect blood flow and future risk of graft restenosis. Despite graft geometry and compliance being key predictors of restenosis, current simulations do not consider the interaction of flowing blood with compliant vessel, graft, and suture structures. Utilising fluid-structure interaction simulations, this study examines the impact of surgical technique, such as anastomosis angle, graft material, and suture material, on blood flow and fluid-structure forces in patient-specific asymptomatic arterial tree versus side-to-end peripheral grafts for symptomatic atherosclerotic disease. To render these complex simulations numerically feasible, our pipeline uses regional suture mechanics and a pre-stress pipeline previously validated in small-scale idealised models. Our simulations found that higher anastomosis angles generate larger regions of slow and recirculating blood, characterised by non-physiologically low shear stress and high oscillatory shear index. The use of compliant graft materials reduces regions of non-physiologically high shear stress only when used in combination with compliant suture materials. Altogether, our fluid-structure interaction simulation provides patient-specific platforms for vascular surgery decisions concerning graft geometry and material.HighlightsSimulating bypass graft haemodynamics with realistic fluid-structure interactions.Bypass grafts generate large regions of slow blood flow and blood recirculation.Greater graft anastomosis angles correlate with larger blood recirculation regions.Nonphysiologically stiff graft and suture materials increase vessel shear stress.
COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Studies among Vulnerable Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 120 Observational Studies and Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Mohammadi Sima , Sisay Malede Mequanent , Saraswati Putri Widi , Osman Alhadi Khogali , Zuithoff Nicolaas.P.A , Weibel Daniel , Sturkenboom Miriam , Ahmadizar Fariba 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe COVID-19 vaccines were rapidly developed and tested, but concerns about vaccine-related adverse events remain, especially in vulnerable groups like pregnant women, children, and those with certain health conditions. This review aims to summarize rates of such adverse events in individuals often not included in randomized clinical trials (RCT).METHODFrom December 2019 to February 2022, we searched Embase and Medline for observational studies and RCTs on adverse events post-COVID-19 vaccination in vulnerable groups. We examined serious and non-serious events in individuals with specific medical conditions, infants, children, pregnant individuals, and socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. Cumulative risks for all events were calculated. The Incidence rate (IR) and 95% confidence intervals were reported for those studies that met the follow-up period criteria based on the referenced literature. For events with data on exposed and unexposed groups, we calculated the odds ratio. Pooled incidence rates were calculated per 1000 person-days using a random-effects model. Sub-group analyses were conducted based on vaccine types and doses, with heterogeneity assessed using I2.FINDINGSOf the 4,254 papers, 235 met eligibility criteria, including 120 studies with 171,073 participants (113 observational, eight RCTs. We examined 17 severe and 7 non-severe adverse event categories. Lymphadenopathy (IR: 1.95[1.20;3.19]), autoimmune disease and multiple sclerosis flare-up (1.13 [0.47;2.68]), and cardiac symptoms (0.26[0.00;10.58]) were the most severe events. Allergic reactions were more common among autoimmune (7.03[4.10;12.06]) and cancer (4.87[2.21;10.76]) groups. vaccinees who received the second dose of vaccine had higher proportions of disease flare-ups (39.27 [18.08;85.31] vs 22.13 [10.22; 47.93]); cardiac symptoms (6.11[2.05-18.22] vs 3.78[2.53-5.65]); and cardiac events (5.34[1.69;16.90] vs 5.05[1.40,18.19]) in observational studies.INTERPRETATIONThis review highlights COVID-19 vaccine safety in vulnerable populations, enhancing vaccination strategies. Further real-world research is needed to validate and extend our findings, especially in addressing safety gaps among vulnerable groups.
Biomolecular Condensates can Induce Local Membrane Potentials
Authors: Gurunian Anthony , Lasker Keren , Deniz Ashok A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiomolecular condensates are a ubiquitous component of cells, known for their ability to selectively partition and compartmentalize biomolecules without the need for a lipid membrane. Nevertheless, condensates have been shown to interact with lipid membranes in diverse biological processes, such as autophagy and T-cell activation. Since many condensates are known to have a net surface charge density and associated electric potential(s), we hypothesized that they can induce a local membrane potential. Using an electrochromic dye, we demonstrate that poly-lysine/ATP condensates induce a localized membrane potential in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. This effect diminishes with increasing salt concentration and higher ATP-to-poly-lysine ratios, underscoring the key role of condensate charge. Numerical modeling of the condensate-membrane interface using an electro-thermodynamic framework supports our experimental findings and highlights parameters expected to play a key role in the effect. These results have broad implications for biological processes regulated by membrane potential, particularly in contexts such as neuronal signaling, where condensate interactions with membranes may play a previously unrecognized regulatory role.
Cellular Function of a Biomolecular Condensate Is Determined by Its Ultrastructure
Authors: Scholl Daniel , Boyd Tumara , Latham Andrew P. , Salazar Alexandra , Khan Asma , Boeynaems Steven , Holehouse Alex S. , Lander Gabriel C. , Sali Andrej , Park Donghyun , Deniz Ashok A. , Lasker Keren 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiomolecular condensates play key roles in the spatiotemporal regulation of cellular processes. Yet, the relationship between atomic features and condensate function remains poorly understood. We studied this relationship using the polar organizing protein Z (PopZ) as a model system, revealing how its material properties and cellular function depend on its ultrastructure. We revealed PopZ’s hierarchical assembly into a filamentous condensate by integrating cryo-electron tomography, biochemistry, single-molecule techniques, and molecular dynamics simulations. The helical domain drives filamentation and condensation, while the disordered domain inhibits them. Phase-dependent conformational changes prevent interfilament contacts in the dilute phase and expose client binding sites in the dense phase. These findings establish a multiscale framework that links molecular interactions and condensate ultrastructure to macroscopic material properties that drive cellular function.
Impaired axon regeneration and heightened synaptic dynamics in the injured aged mammalian cortex
Authors: Bass Cher , Bharath Anil A , Paola Vincenzo De 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHow aging affects axon regeneration and synaptic repair in the brain is poorly understood. To study age-related changes in neural circuits, we developed a model of axonal injury in the aged (>2 years) mouse somatosensory cortex. By directly tracking fluorescently labelled injured axons by multiphoton imaging, we find that while axon degeneration in the aged brain is comparable to the young adult brain, axon regeneration is impaired. We further examine changes in the most common type of cortical synapses, En Passant Boutons (EPBs), and observe a transient and significant increase in the number and size of boutons 6 hours post-lesion. Using a computational model of a recurrent neural network, we examined the functional consequences of these synaptic increases on memory, comparing results to models of the young adult brain. The results suggest that increased synaptic dynamics might enable partial recovery from injury via synaptic re-wiring in the aged brain.HighlightsImpaired axon regeneration in the aged brain is not due to slowed degeneration.Synaptic reorganization occurs following axon injury in the aged brain.Synaptic reorganization may serve as a compensatory mechanism after injury.
Keratin 16 spatially inhibits type I interferon responses in stressed skin
Authors: Cohen Erez , Xu Yang , Orosco Amanda , Wang Dajia , Johnson Craig N. , Steen Kaylee , Sarkar Mrinal K. , Özlü Nurhan , Tsoi Lam C , Gudjonsson Johann E. , Parent Carole A. , Coulombe Pierre A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe stress-induced keratin intermediate filament gene/proteinKRT16(K16) is spatially restricted to the suprabasal compartment of the epidermis and extensively used as a biomarker for psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory disorders. However, its role in these conditions remains poorly defined. Here we show that K16 negatively regulates type-I interferon (IFN) signaling and innate immune responses. In mouse skinin vivo,loss ofKrt16leads to exacerbation of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform disease and heightened recruitment of neutrophils in a phorbol ester-induced model of acute sterile inflammation. InKRT16null human keratinocytes, loss of K16 amplifies IFN signaling including phospho-IRF7 and ISG15 after treatment with synthetic dsRNA poly(I:C). Mechanistically, K16 interacts with effectors of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) pathway, including 14-3-3ɛ, and inhibits the 14-3-3ɛ:RIG-I interaction upstream of IFN activationin vivoandex vivo. These findings uncover a new paradigm for keratin-dependent regulation of innate immunity, with significant implications for our understanding of inflammatory skin diseases.
CAZyme3D: a database of 3D structures for carbohydrate-active enzymes
Authors: Shanmugam N.R. Siva , Yin Yanbin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCAZymes (CarbohydrateActive EnZymes) degrade, synthesize, and modify all complex carbohydrates on Earth. CAZymes are extremely important to research in human health, nutrition, gut microbiome, bioenergy, plant disease, and global carbon recycling. Current CAZyme annotation tools are all based on sequence similarity. A more powerful approach is to detect protein structural similarity between query proteins and known CAZymes indicative of distant homology. Here, we developed CAZyme3D (https://pro.unl.edu/CAZyme3D/) to fill the research gap that no dedicated 3D structure databases are currently available for CAZymes. CAZyme3D contains a total of 870,740 AlphaFold predicted 3D structures (named Whole dataset). A subset of CAZymes 3D structures from 188,574 nonredundant sequences (named ID50 dataset) were subject to structural similarity-based clustering analyses. Such clustering allowed us to organize all CAZyme structures using a hierarchical classification, which includes existing levels defined by the CAZy database (class, clan, family, subfamily) and newly defined levels (subclasses, structural cluster [SC] groups, and SCs). The inter-family structural clustering successfully grouped CAZy families and clans with the same structural folds in the same subclasses. The intra-family structural clustering classified structurally similar CAZymes into SCs, which were further classified into SC groups. SCs and SC groups differed from sequence similarity-based CAZy subfamilies. With CAZyme structures as the search database, we created job submission pages, where users can submit query protein sequences or PDB structures for a structural similarity search. CAZyme3D will be a useful new tool to assist the discovery of novel CAZymes by providing a comprehensive database of CAZyme 3D structures.
Diazepam modulates anterior cingulate glutamate levels in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Authors: Kiemes A. , Livingston N. R. , Lukow P. B. , Knight S. , Jelen L. A. , Reilly T.J. , Dima A. , Nettis M. A. , Lythgoe D.J. , Casetta C. , Egerton A. , Spencer T. , De Micheli A. , Fusar-Poli P. , Grace A. A. , Williams S. C. R. , McGuire P. , Davies C. , Stone J. M. , Modinos G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPreclinical evidence suggests that modulating neural excitation through diazepam administration, a positive allosteric modulator of GABAAreceptors, can prevent the emergence of behavioural and neurobiological alterations relevant to psychosis in adulthood. Here, we examined this neurochemical mechanism in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHRp) in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Twenty-four individuals aged 18-35 were scanned twice using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to measure anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) Glx (glutamate and glutamine) levels, once after a single dose of diazepam (5 mg), and once after placebo. Mixed-effects model analyses revealed that diazepam reduced ACC Glx levels compared to placebo (t(20.8) = −2.14,p= 0.04). The effect of diazepam on Glx levels was greater in older CHRp individuals (t(12) = −4.36,p= 0.001). These findings suggest that pharmacological modulation of GABAAreceptors can alter glutamatergic changes in psychosis.
Perceived Safety and Mental Health among Asian American Women: Exploring the Moderating Role of Loneliness and Resilience
Authors: Cao Jiepin , Shevrin Sarah , An Linh M. , Wong Jennifer A. , Choi Sugy , Yi Stella S. , Trinh-Shevrin Chau , Lim Sahnah 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAsian American women are an understudied population facing substantial mental health burden, largely driven by the increasing rates of gender- and race-based violence and discrimination. Perceived safety, a key factor influencing mental health, has been underexplored. This study aimed to 1) examine the relationship between perceived safety with mental health outcomes (i.e., depression and anxiety); 2) examine the link between behavioral changes due to safety concerns and mental health outcomes; and 3) explore the moderating effects of loneliness and resilience on these relationships, drawing from a community sample of n=345 Asian American women. Perceived safety was defined as feeling safe in public spaces, transportation and neighborhoods. In our study, 28.7%, 56.2% and 20.6% of women reported feeling unsafe in public spaces, transportation and neighborhoods, respectively. Feeling unsafe in public spaces was associated with higher odds of depression (aOR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.40, 4.02) and anxiety (aOR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.56, 4.37). Avoiding public spaces, leaving home or transportation were linked to increased odds of depression (aOR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.23, 3.40; aOR=2.26, 95%CI: 1.37, 3.74; aOR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.16, 3.57, respectively) while only avoiding leaving home was associated with anxiety (aOR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.24, 3.36). Loneliness moderated the association between avoiding public spaces and anxiety: women were not lonely who avoided public spaces had significantly higher odds of anxiety (aOR=4.77, 95% CI: 1.24, 18.34), whereas no moderating effect was observed amongst women who were lonely (aOR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.64). Resilience did not moderate these relationships (allP>0.050). Our findings highlight the mental health impacts associated with reduced perceptions of safety and avoidance behaviors in this group, highlighting the pervasive fear experienced by Asian American women in their day-to-day lives, and emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address the unique safety challenges faced by Asian American women.