bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development Trends of World Commercial Fleet during 2001-2018
Authors: Lazarev V A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes the development of maritime commercial fleet during the period of 2000 - 2018. The four largest segments of the commercial marine fleet, the oil tankers, the bulkers, the container ships, and the general cargo ships have been considered. These segments formed 85% to 90% of the total deadweight of the world commercial fleet in different years. The peculiarities of development of these four segments of commercial fleet were determined. A special period in the development of oil tankers segment in 2012-2013 is highlighted when under the influence of MARPOL 73/78 huge tonnage of the single hull oil tankers was phased out. The correlation analysis between the development of world commercial fleet and world seaborn trade was carried out. Strong correlations between the tonnage of oil tankers and oil and gas trade, tonnage of bulkers and bulk and other dry cargo trade, tonnage of container ships and container transportation were determined.
Veterinary and Sanitary Assessment of Sheep Slaughter Products for Dermatitis
Authors: Aygubov M R , Gorchakov E V , Dyachenko Yu V , Sokolova E A , Bagamaev B M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The work is devoted to assessing the quality of livestock slaughter products, taking into account skin diseases of various etiologies. This criterion sometimes makes a significant contribution to the quality of livestock products, so it must be taken into account during veterinary and sanitary examination in laboratories. To assess the state of health and predict changes in the quality of products of the slaughter of sheep, great importance belongs to the study of patterns in the clinical, anamnestic, morphological, metric, and anatomical indicators of the body of the sheep. The use of these patterns and their dynamic changes characteristics helps to find out certain patterns that made it possible to develop several rules for the modern veterinary and sanitary assessment of sheep slaughter products. These rules allow not only to indicate the premisses for the occurrence of dermatitis of various etiologies but also to improve existing developments, as well as improve the quality of preventive remedies to prevent and eliminate these types of diseases. It should also be noted that for the start of preventive steps, the strict observance of elementary rules is important when grazing the number of sheep. This includes their movement in compliance with certain periods, the seasonality of the use of forage land, and the mandatory inspection of the livestock of animals and their parking places. In the case of the detection of infected animals with signs of damage to the skin, the animals are immediately isolated with subsequent diagnosis and treatment.
The New Areas of the Ice Cover Modeling Using the Composite Model Ice “GP-ice”
Authors: Sebin A S , Dvoichenko Yu A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To assess the vessels ice qualities in various ice experimental model basins, the active use of a large number of various methods of the ice cover modeling indicates that there is no single approach to this issue. In this work the fundamental contradiction underlying mentioned methods is pointed. And the new method of the model ice cover testing based on the consideration of the ice failure actual process is proposed. The method of using composite model ice “GP-ice” is proposed. It is also shown that the mechanical properties of the model ice field are in the range of values required to ensure the modeling conditions. The experimental investigation results are presented and the areas for further work are planned.
Estimation of the Crack Faces Interaction When Ice Beams are Destroyed by a Transvers Vertical Load
Authors: Knyazkov V V , Semenova N M , Sebin A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the paper the mechanism of the conservation of the ice cover bearing capacity under the influence of transverse loads if there are cracks in it was considered. Experimental and theoretical study of the main aspects of this mechanism was performed on the ice beams obtained by sawing two parallel wide slits in the ice cover. At its ends, the beam was one with the entire ice plate. The obtained diagrams of beam failure made it possible to interpret cracks as hinges connecting separate blocks of ice cover in the lines of their axes. The finite element method for the subsequent evaluation of the proposed method of accounting for interaction on the crack faces was used. The research results can be used in the mathematical model making of the ice deformation and ice failure taking into account cracking, as well as in the development of simulation mode of ice cover.
The Influence of the Area Size and the Method of Transverse Load Application to the Ice Cover Surface on the Ice Failure Efficiency
Authors: Dvoichenko Yu A , Semenova N M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The vertical load application to the ice cover for the purpose of its failure for the passage of the transport vessels in the ice is considered. The energy comparison consumed by the technical vehicles with the volume of the destroyed ice is made when the area size of the application of the failure load increases. The specific work of the external forces (per 1 m3 of the destroyed ice) is shown to significantly decrease with the increasing area of the imposed load. In addition, the additional reduction mechanism of the energy expenditure is shown in case when the failure is performed by the moving distributed load compared with the impact of the load applied on a rigid contour.
Prediction Basics of Oil Products Transport and Storage Facilities Exploitation Risk
Authors: Prokhorov V A , Prokhorov D V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is shown that Technological safety ensuring is in demand in the modern world, protecting the interests of man and society is impossible without preserving the environment. The security problem of social, natural and technological systems is relevant in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Technological hazard specificity of the region is determined by the characteristics of the extreme climate. Common technogenic hazardous facilities were established on the territory of the republic: industries associated with the production, transportation and storage of oil and oil products. Main oil and gas pipelines and oil products storage tanks represent a real danger for the environment as an economic and energy determining objects are shown. Examples of oil facilities damages are given where the scale of destructions and oil spills are shown. Analysis of accidents shows that they are accompanied with significant material, environmental and social damage. It is shown that the main property of the system is security, and the determining parameter is risk. The basis of forecasting is risk as the likely damage, which is a technical and economic indicator and allows you to calculate the integral risk from the effects of several dangerous factors, various objects of the technosphere and territories. The safety problem can be solved by minimizing accident damage, which should be based on forecasting and timely warning of upcoming risks.
SMART-technologies in Irrigation Management of a Remote Land Plot
Authors: Matukhina O V , Votyakova L R , Zakharova I N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to design an automatic irrigation system on a remote land plot. Along with this the objectives of the designed system were the requirement of intelligence and interactivity. In other words the automation system should not only open the solenoid valves according to the schedule, but also control the separate zones taking into account the temperature, soil humidity, weather, etc., while notifying the user of events. The result of this work is the project of an interactive irrigation management system with the possibility of remote interaction. Besides there is a developed client-server application that implements this remote interaction in a simple and familiar way through a mobile application for a smartphone running the Android operating system. It is easy to configure flexibly or to expand the system to suit any needs, to use completely different sensors and actuators, to receive reports on stable operation and planned actions set by algorithms, or on abnormal situations, such as device failure. It is worth noting as an advantage the flexibility and scalability of the developed system in terms of integration with any information management system and digitalization of agriculture.
The Main Directions of Milk Production and its Processing Products Volume Increasing in the Russian Federation
Authors: Magomedov M D , Karabanova O V , Stroev V V , Moiseev V V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents the current state of milk production in the Russian Federation (RF). The reasons for its decline are identified. In a difficult economic situation, an important role policy of import substitution. The problems of import substitution become even more urgent in connection with the Western sanctions imposed against Russia in connection with the events in Ukraine. In this regard, there has been a decline in food imports from abroad and an increase in the growth rate of food production, oriented to the domestic market. The authors make a valid conclusion that an economically literate policy of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex and other sectors of the economy can become a catalyst for overcoming the technical gap, reviving the investment climate, and increasing its own production of food in necessary quantities in accordance with medical norms of consumption. The main directions of milk production volume increase and its processing products in the Russian Federation are presented. Each direction is considered separately and recommendations for its improvement are given. A new approach of commercial loan allocation for entrepreneurs engaged in milk production and its processing products is proposed.
Echocardiography Predictors of Survival in Hypertensive Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Guzik Bartlomiej M , McCallum Linsay , Zmudka Krzysztof , Guzik Tomasz J , Dominiczak Anna F , Padmanabhan Sandosh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a well-known target organ damage. Concentric hypertrophy is the strongest predictor of increased risk of cardiovascular events, but the predictive value of individual echocardiographic parameters remains unclear.
The aim of this study was to search for echocardiographic and hemodynamic variables associated with concentric and eccentric remodeling and their association with long-term cardiovascular outcomes.

METHODS
Patients with echocardiography performed within 1 year prior to the initial clinic visit were included into the study. Logistic regression and multivariable Cox-proportional hazards were calculated according to several risk factors and variables. Additionally, cubic spline interpolation was used.

RESULTS
We observed 690 patients for 10 years. There was a total of 177 major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and 90 deaths over a 10-year period. Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy is associated with worse outcomes than eccentric hypertrophy in hypertensive subjects. Interestingly, different echocardiographic parameters contributed to risk depending on type of hypertrophy. In concentric hypertrophy, relative wall thickness provides linear prediction of risk for all-cause mortality (ACM) and composite endpoint. Systolic blood pressure is a significant predictor of MACCE. Blood pressure variability also showed significant predictive value for MACCE and ACM.

CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate risk stratification based on LVH need to consider different measures based on the type of remodeling.
Scaling-Down Mass Ivermectin Treatment for Onchocerciasis Elimination: Modeling the Impact of the Geographical Unit for Decision Making
Authors: Stolk Wilma A , Blok David J , Hamley Jonathan I D , Cantey Paul T , de Vlas Sake J , Walker Martin , Basáñez María-Gloria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Due to spatial heterogeneity in onchocerciasis transmission, the duration of ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) required for eliminating onchocerciasis will vary within endemic areas and the occurrence of transmission “hotspots” is inevitable. The geographical scale at which stop-MDA decisions are made will be a key driver in how rapidly national programs can scale down active intervention upon achieving the epidemiological targets for elimination.

Methods
We used 2 onchocerciasis models (EPIONCHO-IBM and ONCHOSIM) to predict the likelihood of achieving elimination by 2030 in Africa, accounting for variation in preintervention endemicity levels and histories of ivermectin treatment. We explore how decision making at contrasting geographical scales (community vs larger scale “project”) changes projections on populations still requiring MDA or transitioning to post-treatment surveillance.

Results
The total population considered grows from 118 million people in 2020 to 136 million in 2030. If stop-MDA decisions are made at project level, the number of people requiring treatment declines from 69–118 million in 2020 to 59–118 million in 2030. If stop-MDA decisions are made at community level, the numbers decline from 23–81 million in 2020 to 15–63 million in 2030. The lower estimates in these prediction intervals are based on ONCHOSIM, the upper limits on EPIONCHO-IBM.

Conclusions
The geographical scale at which stop-MDA decisions are made strongly determines how rapidly national onchocerciasis programs can scale down MDA programs. Stopping in portions of project areas or transmission zones would free up human and economic resources.
Breast Milk Antibody Levels in Tdap-Vaccinated Women After Preterm Delivery
Authors: Orije Marjolein R P , Larivière Ynke , Herzog Sereina A , Mahieu Ludo M , Van Damme Pierre , Leuridan Elke , Maertens Kirsten 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Enrichment of breast milk (BM) with immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG through maternal vaccination could help infants combat targeted pathogens. However, evidence on this effect after preterm delivery is lacking. In this study, we investigated the total and anti-pertussis toxin (anti-PT)–specific IgA and IgG production in BM after term and preterm delivery in the presence of maternal Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis) vaccination.

Methods
Serum and BM samples of lactating women who delivered at term or prematurely and did or did not receive Tdap vaccine (Boostrix, GSK Biologicals) during pregnancy were collected as part of a clinical study (N = 234). Anti-PT IgA/IgG (IBL assay; Meso Scale Discovery assay) and total IgA/IgG (Thermofisher, on BM samples only) immunosorbent assays were performed on all samples collected at 72 hours and 4, 8, and 12 weeks postpartum.

Results
BM after preterm delivery contained anti-PT IgA and IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) comparable to those after term delivery (eg, colostrum anti-PT IgA, 5.39 IU/mL vs 6.69 IU/mL, respectively). Maternal Tdap vaccination induced significantly higher anti-PT IgG GMCs in colostrum of vaccinated compared with unvaccinated women who delivered at term (0.110 IU/mL vs 0.027 IU/mL, P = .009). Anti-PT antibodies persisted up to 12 weeks postpartum.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that maternal Tdap vaccination induces high Ig levels in BM after both term and preterm delivery and that these antibodies remain abundantly present throughout lactation, possibly offering additional mucosal protection during the most vulnerable period in early life.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT02511327.
Single Dose of an mRNA Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) Vaccine Is Associated With Lower Nasopharyngeal Viral Load Among Nursing Home Residents With Asymptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: McEllistrem M Catherine , Clancy Cornelius J , Buehrle Deanna J , Lucas Aaron , Decker Brooke K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In nursing home residents with asymptomatic COVID-19 diagnosed through twice-weekly surveillance testing, single-dose BNT162b2 vaccination (Pfizer-BioNTech) was associated with −2.4 mean log10 lower nasopharyngeal viral load than detected in absence of vaccination (P = .004). Since viral load is linked to transmission, single-dose mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may help control outbreaks.
Do Beijing’s Capital Controls Bind Hong Kong? Reality or Illusion
Authors: Fu Jiangyuan , Mercurio Bryan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ongoing impact of COVID-19 on global economic growth is likely to result in a retreat from financial globalization, including restrictions on capital movements. This concern arises from the experience of short-term capital control policies being implemented by countries in past financial crisis. This trend, together with China’s long history of using capital controls, has further sparked fears in Hong Kong regarding the extent to which the capital control restrictions from Beijing could impact Hong Kong’s open financial policy on capital transfers. With this context, this article evaluates situations where concerns have been raised and seeks to ascertain whether Hong Kong could be legally liable for the implementation of capital controls in Beijing.
Review of intravitreal VEGF inhibitor toxicity and report of collapsing FSGS with TMA in a patient with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Phadke Gautam , Hanna Ramy M , Ferrey Antoney , Torres Everardo Arias , Singla Anjali , Kaushal Amit , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Kurtz Ira , Jhaveri Kenar D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor blockade is used for a variety of retinal pathologies. These include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME) and central retinal vein obstruction. Reports of absorption of intravitreal agents into systemic circulation have increased in number and confirmation of depletion of VEGF has been confirmed. Increasingly there are studies and case reports showing worsening hypertension, proteinuria, renal dysfunction and glomerular disease. The pathognomonic findings of systemic VEGF blockade, thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs), are also being increasingly reported. One lesion that occurs in conjunction with TMAs that has been described is collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (cFSGS). cFSGS has been postulated to occur due to TMA-induced chronic glomerular hypoxia. In this updated review we discuss the mechanistic, pharmacological, epidemiological and clinical evidence of intravitreal VEGF toxicity. We review cases of biopsy-proven toxicity presented by our group and other investigators. We also present the third reported case of cFSGS in the setting of intravitreal VEGF blockade with a chronic TMA component that was crucially found on biopsy. This patient is a 74-year-old nondiabetic male receiving aflibercept for AMD. Of the two prior cases of cFSGS in the setting of VEGF blockade, one had AMD and the other had DME. This case solidifies the finding of cFSGS and its association with chronic TMA as a lesion that may be frequently encountered in patients receiving intravitreal VEGF inhibitors.
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells in cardiovascular research: current approaches in cardiac differentiation, maturation strategies, and scalable production
Authors: Thomas Dilip , Cunningham Nathan J , Shenoy Sushma , Wu Joseph C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in a patient or a population differ based on inherent biological makeup, lifestyle, and exposure to environmental risk factors. These variables mean that therapeutic interventions may not provide the same benefit to every patient. In the context of CVDs, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) offer an opportunity to model CVDs in a patient-specific manner. From a pharmacological perspective, iPSC-CM models can serve as go/no-go tests to evaluate drug safety. To develop personalized therapies for early diagnosis and treatment, human-relevant disease models are essential. Hence, to implement and leverage the utility of iPSC-CMs for large-scale treatment or drug discovery, it is critical to (i) carefully evaluate the relevant limitations of iPSC-CM differentiations, (ii) establish quality standards for defining the state of cell maturity, and (iii) employ techniques that allow scalability and throughput with minimal batch-to-batch variability. In this review, we briefly describe progress made with iPSC-CMs in disease modelling and pharmacological testing, as well as current iPSC-CM maturation techniques. Finally, we discuss current platforms for large-scale manufacturing of iPSC-CMs that will enable high-throughput drug screening applications.
Dissecting the transcriptome in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Robinson Emma L , Baker Andrew H , Brittan Mairi , McCracken Ian , Condorelli G , Emanueli C , Srivastava P K , Gaetano C , Thum T , Vanhaverbeke M , Angione C , Heymans S , Devaux Y , Pedrazzini T , Martelli F ,   EU-CardioRNA COST Action CA17129
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe human transcriptome comprises a complex network of coding and non-coding RNAs implicated in a myriad of biological functions. Non-coding RNAs exhibit highly organized spatial and temporal expression patterns and are emerging as critical regulators of differentiation, homeostasis, and pathological states, including in the cardiovascular system. This review defines the current knowledge gaps, unmet methodological needs, and describes the challenges in dissecting and understanding the role and regulation of the non-coding transcriptome in cardiovascular disease. These challenges include poor annotation of the non-coding genome, determination of the cellular distribution of transcripts, assessment of the role of RNA processing and identification of cell-type specific changes in cardiovascular physiology and disease. We highlight similarities and differences in the hurdles associated with the analysis of the non-coding and protein-coding transcriptomes. In addition, we discuss how the lack of consensus and absence of standardized methods affect reproducibility of data. These shortcomings should be defeated in order to make significant scientific progress and foster the development of clinically applicable non-coding RNA-based therapeutic strategies to lessen the burden of cardiovascular disease.