bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of inadequate intake of folate in the post-fortification era: data from the Brazilian National Dietary Surveys 2008–2009 and 2017–2018
Authors: Palchetti Cecília Zanin , Steluti Josiane , Verly-Jr Eliseu , De Carli Eduardo , Sichieri Rosely , Yokoo Edna Massae , Pereira Rosangela Alves , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe objectives were to compare the evolution of dietary folate intake, to estimate the prevalence of folate inadequacy (POFI) and the contribution of food groups to folate intake (dietary folate plus folic acid from fortified foods) in two post-fortification periods in the Brazilian population, according to life stages, geographic regions and per capita income. Population-based study including representative data from the National Dietary Survey – Brazilian Household Budget Surveys (NDS-HBS) 2008–2009 and 2017–2018, with a total of 32 749 (2008–2009) and 44 744 (2017–2018) individuals aged ≥ 10 years old, excluding pregnant and lactating women. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate the distributions of usual dietary folate intake. POFI was estimated according to estimated average requirement cut-off point method. After 10 years of the first NDS-HBS, POFI has increased in all sex-age groups, except for 10–13 years. POFI among women of reproductive age was around 30 and 40 % in 2008–2009 and 2017–2018. Higher POFI was observed in the North region. The top five food groups contributors to folate intake in Brazil were beans, breads, pasta and pizza, cakes and cookies and non-alcoholic beverages groups in both periods, differing in the rank order of the last two groups. Although being a country that has adopted mandatory folic acid flour fortification for almost two decades, increased POFI was observed in 2017–2018. This study brings significant scientific information, which can help understand folate dietary data in different contexts and consequently guide the approach for public health fortification strategies.
BLINDNESS AS THE THRESHOLD BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH IN SENECA'S OEDIPVS AND PHOENISSAE
Authors: Duarte Ricardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article looks at the complexity of the thought processes that lead Seneca's Oedipus to choose the mors longa of blindness as punishment for his crime (in his blindness, he is to live in a kind of ostracism, separately from both the living and the dead). It offers an analysis of the consolation of this existence on the threshold between life and death, notably with reference to the end of the Oedipus, but also of the sorrow of this liminal existence. The latter is described in Seneca's Phoenissae, which suggests an escape, by death stricto sensu, from the threshold represented by blindness, by which Oedipus now feels trapped.By examining these three topics, the article shows how the threshold between life and death which Oedipus chooses at the end of Seneca's Oedipus and experiences in the Phoenissae mirrors the ambivalence and the errors of his life before he blinded himself. Ultimately, it also illustrates Oedipus’ continuing failure to achieve self-knowledge.
The Health Effects of Workforce Involvement and Transitions for Europeans 50–75 Years of Age: Heterogeneity by Financial Difficulties and Gender
Authors: Settels Jason 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA prominent demographic trend throughout the industrialized world is population aging. Concerns about economic growth and labour force shortages have led many European nations to enact policies aimed at prolonging working life. Understanding how paid work among late-middle-aged and senior adults is associated with health is therefore important. Using a sample of persons who were 50–75 years of age in 2015 from waves six (2015) and seven (2017) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (n = 38,884), this study shows how a comprehensive set of six workforce involvement/transitions patterns are associated with health. The results show benefits of paid work, especially among respondents having financial difficulties. There is further heterogeneity by gender. The more fragmented employment histories of 50–75-year-old women are associated with stable paid work being of less benefit for addressing financial difficulties and with their health being especially vulnerable to unemployment while they are undergoing financial troubles.
The effects of eye masks on post-operative sleep quality and pain in school-age children with CHD
Authors: Dai Wang-Sheng , Xie Wen-Peng , Liu Jian-Feng , Chen Qiang , Cao Hua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to explore the effects of eye masks on the sleep quality and pain of school-age children with CHD after surgery.Methods:Forty school-age children with CHD who underwent open-heart surgery in the Cardiac Surgery Department of a provincial hospital in China from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected. The children were randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20). Children in the control group were given routine sleep care, and the children in the experimental group were given a sleep intervention with eye masks for three nights following the removal of tracheal intubation. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to evaluate the sleep quality of the children. The Children’s Pain Behaviour Scale was used to evaluate the pain of the children.Results:After three nights of receiving the eye masks intervention, the sleep quality scores of the children in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) and the sleep quality of the children in the experimental group was higher. The pain scores of the children in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the children in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the children in the experimental group suffered less post-operative pain.Conclusion:Eye masks are a simple, safe and economical intervention, that is beneficial for improving the post-operative sleep quality and relieving post-operative pain in school-age children with congenital heart disease.
Teaching the Hidden Curriculum in Political Science
Authors: Barham Elena , Wood Colleen 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe “hidden curriculum” in academia represents a set of informal norms and rules, expectations, and skills that inform our “ways of doing” academic practice (Calarco 2020). This article suggests that relying on informal networks to provide access to instruction in these skills can reinforce preexisting inequalities in the discipline. Drawing on a pilot program that we developed and implemented in our own department, we provide a model for formalizing instruction and equalizing access to training in these professionalizing skills. Drawing on the literature on inclusive pedagogy, as well as our own implementation experience, we advance four recommendations for scaling and transporting instruction in the “hidden curriculum” to other departments.
GEOMETRIC WEIGHT-SHIFTING OPERATORS ON HILBERT MODULAR FORMS IN CHARACTERISTIC p
Authors: Diamond Fred 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe carry out a thorough study of weight-shifting operators on Hilbert modular forms in characteristic p, generalising the author’s prior work with Sasaki to the case where p is ramified in the totally real field. In particular, we use the partial Hasse invariants and Kodaira–Spencer filtrations defined by Reduzzi and Xiao to improve on Andreatta and Goren’s construction of partial
$\Theta $
-operators, obtaining ones whose effect on weights is optimal from the point of view of geometric Serre weight conjectures. Furthermore, we describe the kernels of partial
$\Theta $
-operators in terms of images of geometrically constructed partial Frobenius operators. Finally, we apply our results to prove a partial positivity result for minimal weights of mod p Hilbert modular forms.
2020 BioImage Analysis Survey: Community experiences and needs for the future
Authors: Jamali Nasim , Dobson Ellen T. A. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Carpenter Anne E. , Cimini Beth A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we summarize a global survey of 484 participants of the imaging community, conducted in 2020 through the NIH-funded Center for Open Bioimage Analysis (COBA). This 23-question survey covered experience with image analysis, scientific background and demographics, and views and requests from different members of the imaging community. Through open-ended questions, we asked the community to provide feedback for the open-source tool developers and tool user groups. The community’s requests for tool developers include general improvement of tool documentation and easy-to-follow tutorials. Respondents encourage tool users to follow the best practice guidelines for imaging and ask their image analysis questions on the Scientific Community Image Forum (forum.image.sc). We analyzed the community’s preferred method of learning based on level of computational proficiency and work description. In general, written step-by-step and video tutorials are preferred methods of learning by the community, followed by interactive webinars and office hours with an expert. There is also enthusiasm for a centralized online location for existing educational resources. The survey results will help the community, especially developers, trainers, and organizations like COBA, decide how to structure and prioritize their efforts.
Prediction of Karst Suitable Area Using Fuzzy AHP Method and Dempster‐Shafer Theory
Authors: Mokarram M. , Mohammadizadeh P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFinding abundant sources of drinking water is a must in practically every country throughout the world. The issue is even more dire in arid and semi‐arid regions, such as Iran, where the shortage of healthy drinking water is quite serious. Finding and maintaining groundwater resources is therefore potentially the best alternative for supplying the water demand of the country. Accordingly, this study aims to assess the potential of karstic areas as a major source of water supply in southwestern regions of the Maharlou watershed, Iran. For this purpose, a combination of fuzzy‐AHP (analytical hierarchy process) and DST (Dempster‐Shafer Theory) methods are used to locate suitable karstic regions in the study area. Karstic zone maps were also generated using a variety of parameters including lithology, fault, precipitation, elevation, temperature, river and slope. Fuzzy maps were also produced using fuzzy membership functions for each parameter, after which the AHP approach was incorporated to assign weights to each layer and eventually generate the final fuzzy‐AHP map. Ultimately, the DST model was used at three confidence intervals of 99.5%, 99%, and 95%. Based on the final results of the fuzzy‐AHP method, approximately 30% of the study region was unsuitable in terms of access to karstic areas, whereas unsuitable zones obtained using the DST method contributed to about 41%, 44%, and 46% of the study region at 95%, 99%, and 99.5% confidence levels, respectively. Taking into account the fact that reductions in the distance from faults increases the probability of the presence of karst regions (with other parameters being constant), by comparing the results of the two models with fault maps, it was determined that the DST model achieves higher accuracy. The DST method is among common methods employed to predict suitable karstic regions, which ultimately produces different maps based on the configured confidence level.
Reconstructing Solar Wind Profiles Associated With Extreme Magnetic Storms: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho , Nakano Shin'ya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe lack of data on solar wind have prevented a detailed understanding of extreme magnetic storms. To address this issue, we apply a machine learning technique in the form of an Echo State Network (ESN) to reconstruct solar wind data for several extreme magnetic storms for which little or no solar wind data were previously available. Multiple geomagnetic activity indices are used as the input data for the ESN, which produces a continuous time series of solar wind parameters as output. As a result, the solar wind parameters for the largest storm event in March 1989 are obtained, and the minimum Bz is estimated to be −95 nT ±10 nT. Two different types of solar wind profiles are discussed for the extreme magnetic storms, a sheath‐driven profile and a magnetic cloud‐driven profile. The results reported here will be highly useful as input data for future simulation studies modeling extreme magnetic storms.
SuppressedpCO2in the Southern Ocean Due to the Interaction Between Current and Wind
Authors: Kwak Kyungmin , Song Hajoon , Marshall John , Seo Hyodae , McGillicuddy Dennis J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Southern Ocean, an important region for the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), features strong surface currents due to substantial mesoscale meanders and eddies. These features interact with the wind and modify the momentum transfer from the atmosphere to the ocean. Although such interactions are known to reduce momentum transfer, their impact on air‐sea carbon exchange remains unclear. Using a 1/20° physical‐biogeochemical coupled ocean model, we examined the impact of the current‐wind interaction on the surface carbon concentration and the air‐sea carbon exchange in the Southern Ocean. The current‐wind interaction decreased winter partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) at the ocean surface mainly south of the northern subantarctic front. It also reducedpCO2in summer, indicating enhanced uptake, but not to the same extent as the winter loss. Consequently, the net outgassing of CO2was found to be reduced by approximately 17%when including current‐wind interaction. These changes stem from the combined effect of vertical mixing and Ekman divergence. A budget analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) revealed that a weakening of vertical mixing by current‐wind interaction reduces the carbon supply from below, and particularly so in winter. The weaker wind stress additionally lowers the subsurface DIC concentration in summer, which can affect the vertical diffusive flux of carbon in winter. Our study suggests that ignoring current‐wind interactions in the Southern Ocean can overestimate winter CO2outgassing.
Linkages Between East China Sea Deep‐Sea Oxygenation and Variability in the East Asian Summer Monsoon and Kuroshio Current Over the Last 400,000 years
Authors: Vats Nishant , Singh Raj K. , Das Manisha , Holbourn Ann , Gupta Anil K. , Gallagher Stephen J. , Pandey D. K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe East China Sea (ECS) seasonally receives a high organic input due to the terrestrial organic matter influx, which is controlled by the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), and the increased productivity driven by upwelling of the subsurface Kuroshio Current (KC). Changes in benthic foraminiferal assemblage composition in combination with paleoceanographic proxy data (CaCO3 (%), TOC (%), δ13Cpf, and δ18Obf) are used to reconstruct bottom water oxygenation and organic export flux variability over the last 400 kyr in the ECS. Multivariate analyses of benthic foraminiferal census data identified six biofacies characteristic of varying environmental conditions. These results suggest that enhanced EASM precipitation and KC upwelling directly influenced organic export flux and bottom water oxygen content in the ECS. The ECS bottom water was suboxic during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 to 8; suboxic to dysoxic between MIS 7 and 6, strongly dysoxic between mid‐MIS 5 and 4, and exhibited high variability between MIS 3 and 1. Spectral analysis of relative abundances of representative genera Quinqueloculina (oxic), Bulimina (suboxic), and Globobulimina (dysoxic) reveals a robust 23 kyr signal, which we attribute to precessionally‐paced changes in surface productivity and bottom water oxygenation related to KC variability over the past 400 kyr.
Sectional matrix solutions: the distorted truth
Authors: Bailey Oliver 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSectional matrix techniques offer more predictable solutions to achieving contact areas when placing direct interproximal posterior composites than circumferential matrix techniques, resulting in reduced reported complaints of food packing from patients. Despite this, a large majority of UK dentists and therapists don't currently use them. Sectional matrix systems are technique-sensitive to use, which can be a barrier to implementation for inexperienced users. The matrices can easily distort during their placement and stabilisation and when placing the restorative material. This can result in unwanted, clinically relevant problems in the resulting restorations, some of which may not be discernible once they have occurred. This paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of sectional matrices and the processes and techniques involved in their use, before discussing the potential for distortion at each step. It offers solutions to some of the commonly seen problems which will provide more predictable outcomes for those already using these techniques and encourage non-users to add them to their armamentarium.
A model for learning based on the joint estimation of stochasticity and volatility
Authors: Piray Payam , Daw Nathaniel D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevious research has stressed the importance of uncertainty for controlling the speed of learning, and how such control depends on the learner inferring the noise properties of the environment, especially volatility: the speed of change. However, learning rates are jointly determined by the comparison between volatility and a second factor, moment-to-moment stochasticity. Yet much previous research has focused on simplified cases corresponding to estimation of either factor alone. Here, we introduce a learning model, in which both factors are learned simultaneously from experience, and use the model to simulate human and animal data across many seemingly disparate neuroscientific and behavioral phenomena. By considering the full problem of joint estimation, we highlight a set of previously unappreciated issues, arising from the mutual interdependence of inference about volatility and stochasticity. This interdependence complicates and enriches the interpretation of previous results, such as pathological learning in individuals with anxiety and following amygdala damage.
Tau activates microglia via the PQBP1-cGAS-STING pathway to promote brain inflammation
Authors: Jin Meihua , Shiwaku Hiroki , Tanaka Hikari , Obita Takayuki , Ohuchi Sakurako , Yoshioka Yuki , Jin Xiaocen , Kondo Kanoh , Fujita Kyota , Homma Hidenori , Nakajima Kazuyuki , Mizuguchi Mineyuki , Okazawa Hitoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBrain inflammation generally accompanies and accelerates neurodegeneration. Here we report a microglial mechanism in which polyglutamine binding protein 1 (PQBP1) senses extrinsic tau 3R/4R proteins by direct interaction and triggers an innate immune response by activating a cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. Tamoxifen-inducible and microglia-specific depletion of PQBP1 in primary culture in vitro and mouse brain in vivo shows that PQBP1 is essential for sensing-tau to induce nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB), NFκB-dependent transcription of inflammation genes, brain inflammation in vivo, and eventually mouse cognitive impairment. Collectively, PQBP1 is an intracellular receptor in the cGAS-STING pathway not only for cDNA of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but also for the transmissible neurodegenerative disease protein tau. This study characterises a mechanism of brain inflammation that is common to virus infection and neurodegenerative disorders.
Flexible ceramic nanofibrous sponges with hierarchically entangled graphene networks enable noise absorption
Authors: Zong Dingding , Cao Leitao , Yin Xia , Si Yang , Zhang Shichao , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraffic noise pollution has posed a huge burden to the global economy, ecological environment and human health. However, most present traffic noise reduction materials suffer from a narrow absorbing band, large weight and poor temperature resistance. Here, we demonstrate a facile strategy to create flexible ceramic nanofibrous sponges (FCNSs) with hierarchically entangled graphene networks, which integrate unique hierarchical structures of opened cells, closed-cell walls and entangled networks. Under the precondition of independent of chemical crosslinking, high enhancement in buckling and compression performances of FCNSs is achieved by forming hierarchically entangled structures in all three-dimensional space. Moreover, the FCNSs show enhanced broadband noise absorption performance (noise reduction coefficient of 0.56 in 63–6300 Hz) and lightweight feature (9.3 mg cm–3), together with robust temperature-invariant stability from –100 to 500 °C. This strategy paves the way for the design of advanced fibrous materials for highly efficient noise absorption.
Cross-property deep transfer learning framework for enhanced predictive analytics on small materials data
Authors: Gupta Vishu , Choudhary Kamal , Tavazza Francesca , Campbell Carelyn , Liao Wei-keng , Choudhary Alok , Agrawal Ankit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have been increasingly used in materials science to build predictive models and accelerate discovery. For selected properties, availability of large databases has also facilitated application of deep learning (DL) and transfer learning (TL). However, unavailability of large datasets for a majority of properties prohibits widespread application of DL/TL. We present a cross-property deep-transfer-learning framework that leverages models trained on large datasets to build models on small datasets of different properties. We test the proposed framework on 39 computational and two experimental datasets and find that the TL models with only elemental fractions as input outperform ML/DL models trained from scratch even when they are allowed to use physical attributes as input, for 27/39 (≈ 69%) computational and both the experimental datasets. We believe that the proposed framework can be widely useful to tackle the small data challenge in applying AI/ML in materials science.
Toxin secretion and trafficking by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Pajuelo David , Tak Uday , Zhang Lei , Danilchanka Olga , Tischler Anna D. , Niederweis Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) is the major cytotoxicity factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in macrophages. TNT is the C-terminal domain of the outer membrane protein CpnT and gains access to the cytosol to kill macrophages infected with Mtb. However, molecular mechanisms of TNT secretion and trafficking are largely unknown. A comprehensive analysis of the five type VII secretion systems of Mtb revealed that the ESX-4 system is required for export of CpnT and surface accessibility of TNT. Furthermore, the ESX-2 and ESX-4 systems are required for permeabilization of the phagosomal membrane in addition to the ESX-1 system. Thus, these three ESX systems need to act in concert to enable trafficking of TNT into the cytosol of Mtb-infected macrophages. These discoveries establish new molecular roles for the two previously uncharacterized type VII secretion systems ESX-2 and ESX-4 and reveal an intricate link between toxin secretion and phagosomal permeabilization by Mtb.