bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Quantum Photonic Convolutional Neural Network Layer Utilizing Reconfigurable Photonic Gate and Teleportation Mechanism
Authors: Meerasha Mubarak Ali , Ganesh Madhupriya , Krishnamoorthy Pandiyan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article, proposes a reconfigurable quantum photonic convolutional layer (QPCL) based on the reconfigurable photonic gates. The QPCL is used in the classical photonic CNN, where, an array of reconfigurable photonic gates (RPG) are arranged in a systematic way. The designed reconfigurable photonic gate serves as a unit cell for quantum photonic operations such as beam splitting, rotation, displacement, squeezing, and cubic- phase shifting. The designed RPG provides the features namely broadband operation, low insertion loss and compact layout. The entangled states are created based on the normalized pixel value of the input image. The configuration of reconfigurable photonic gate is accomplished using electro-optic P-i-N carrier injection mechanism. As compared to Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based realization, the proposed silicon reconfigurable photonic gate provides scalable operation and compact footprint. The reconfigurable photonic gate is modeled using 2D finite element beam propagation method (FEBPM). Finally, a compact numerical model is developed which performs Gaussian based continuous-variable (CV) quantum photonic operations and are verified with Xanadu’s strawberryfields quantum photonic simulator and PennyLane deep learning framework. The optimized accuracy (loss) is obtained with the utilization of QPCL layer and the values are 0.7627 (0.9595), this optimum result is obtained using a single QPCL layer with an epoch number of 30. Finally, a comparative analysis is made between quantum CNN and classical photonic CNN, where the quantum CNN resulted in 6.553% high accuracy and 6.988% low loss compared to the classical photonic CNN.
An Alcohol Extract Prepared From the Male Flower of Eucommia Ulmoides Oliv. Promotes Synovial Cell Apoptosis, Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Ameliorates Bone Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Jian-Ying , Wang Hao , Chen Xiao-Yun , Zhang Lei , Yuan Ying 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease with a complex pathogenesis and is dominated by synovial hyperplasia and bone destruction. Previous research has shown that the male flower of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EF) can exert effect on the inflammation caused by rheumatoid arthritis. However, the effect of EF on synovial cell apoptosis and bone destruction on RA have yet to be investigated. In this study, the effects of the synovial cell apoptosis of the male flower of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.(EF) on human fibroblast-like synoviocyte -RA (HFLS-RA) cells, the osteoclast differentiation of EF on RAW264.7 cells and the bone destruction of effects of EF on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats were explored.Materials and methods: In vitro, we investigated the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of EF on HFLS-RA cells by immunofluorescence assays, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR (Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction), and western blotting. We investigated the differentiation into osteoclasts effects of EF on RAW264.7 cells by the TRAP staining and western blotting. In vivo, we used a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) to investigate the relative effects of EF on anti-arthritis activity, the toe swelling arthritis score, the serum levels of metabolic bone factors, and pathological conditions. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to scan ankle joints while the mRNA and protein levels of factors related to the NF-κB pathway were determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Finally, the main chemical components of EF were identified by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Results: EF inhibited the proliferation of synovial cells and promoted apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited the differentiation of osteoclast by inhibiting activation of the NF-κB pathway. We also found that EF reduced articular inflammation in CIA rats, inhibited the expression of pro-angiogenic factors, and delayed the destruction of articular cartilage and bone. Our data indicate that EF acts via a mechanism related to bone metabolism that is induced by the NF-κB pathway. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that EF exerts a potential therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis. Our research will help to elucidate the potential pharmacological mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of EF and provide an experimental basis for the application of EF in future clinical treatments.
Analyzing Future Rainfall Variations Over Southern Malay Peninsula Based On CORDEX-SEA Dataset
Authors: Qin Xiaosheng , Dai Chao , Liu Lilingjun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Gridded rainfall datasets based on various data sources and techniques have emerged to help describe the spatiotemporal features of rainfall patterns over large areas and have gained popularity in many regional/global climatic analyses. This study explored future variations of rainfall characteristics over peninsula Malaysia and Singapore region based on rainfall indices of PRCPTOT, Rx1day, Rx5day, R95pTOT, R1mm, and R20mm, under 9 CORDEX-SEA RCM datasets with RCP8.5 emission scenario. A monthly quantile delta mapping method (MQDM) was adopted for bias-correction of the RCM modelled data. It was indicated that all the studied rainfall indices have long-term variations both temporally and spatially. Generally, the further the future, the higher the variability and uncertainty of indices. For the study region, the relative increments of the medians from RCM models averaged over all climatic zones in the far future are 40.3%, 25.9%, and 4.7% for Rx1day, Rx5day and R95pTOT, respectively. The annual rainfall amount (PRCPTOT) in the long run would likely increase mainly in the northeast coastal zone and drop in most of other areas over the peninsula, with the median being -5.9% averaged over all zones. The frequency of wet days (R1mm) would generally drop over the whole peninsula, with the median averaged over all zones being -6.8% in the far future. The frequency of heavy rains (R20mm) would overall decrease (by -3.4% in average in the far future) but might still notably increase in the northeast zone (NE) at both annual and southwest monsoon. The extreme condition implied from various RCM models would be more alarming. The study result would be useful in revealing the essential spatiotemporal variations of rainfall over the peninsula from short- to long-term futures and supporting large-scale flood risk assessment and adaptation planning.
Evaluation of Different Bacterial Honey Isolates As Probiotics And Their Efficient Roles In Cholesterol Reduction
Authors: Abdelsamad Noura , Esawy Mona El tawab , Mahmoud Zeinab ,   Asmaa El-Shazly2, Elsayed Tarek , Gamal Amira 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Continue to hypothesize that honey is a storehouse of beneficial bacteria and most of these isolates are levansucrase producers. Accordingly, ten bacterial strains were isolated from different honey sources. Four honey isolates that had the highest levansucrase production were identified by the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene as Achromobacter sp. (10A), Bacillus paralicheniformis (2M), Bacillus subtilis (9A), and Bacillus paranthracis (13M). The cytotoxicity of the selected isolates showed negative blood Hemolysis. Also, they are sensitive to the tested antibiotics (Amoxicillin + Flucloxacillin, Ampicilin, Gentamicin and Benzathine benzaylpencillin.). All the isolates exhibited high stability on the alkaline side (pHs 9,11) and could tolerate severe acidic conditions (29-100%). The tested isolates recorded complete tolerance to both H2O2 and the bile salt (0.3 % Oxgall powder) after 24h incubation. The cell-free supernatant of the examined strains had antifungal activities against Candida albicans with varying degrees. Also, isolates 2M and 13M showed strong activities against Staphylococcus aureus. Isolate 10A showed the highest antioxidant activity (91.45%) followed by 2M (47.37%). All isolates produced cholesterol oxidase and lipase with different levels. Besides, the four isolates reduced LDL (low-density lipoprotein) to different significant values. The cholesterol-reducing ability varied not only for strains but also for the time of incubation. The previous results recommended these isolates be used safely in solving the LDL problem.
The Double Face of Glioma Exosomal microRNAs: Glioma Eliminates Tumor Suppressor miR-1298-5p via Exosomes to Promote Immunosuppressive Effects of MDSCs
Authors: Xue Hao , Qi Yanhua , Jin Chuandi , Qiu Wei , Zhao Rongrong , Wang Shaobo , Li Boyan , Zhang Zongpu , Guo Qindong , Zhang Shouji , Gao Zijie , Zhao Shulin , Pan Ziwen , Fan Yang , chen Zihang , Wang Huizhi , Xu Jianye , Deng Lin , Ni Shilei , Wang Jian , Xue Fuzhong , Li Gang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Clear evidence shows that tumor could secrete microRNAs (miRNAs) via exosomes to modulate tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the mechanisms sorting specific miRNAs into exosomes are still unclear. Methods: In order to study the biological function and characterization of exosomal miRNAs, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing in 59 patients’ whole course cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) small extracellular vesicles (sEV) and matched glioma tissue samples. Results: The results demonstrate that miRNAs could be divided into exosome-enriched miRNAs (ExomiRNAs) and intracellular-retained miRNAs (CLmiRNAs), and exosome-enriched miRNAs generally play a dual role. Among them, miR-1298-5p was enriched in CSF exosomes and suppressed glioma progression in vitro and vivo experiments. Interestingly, exosomal miR-1298-5p could promote Immunosuppressive effects of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to facilitate glioma. Therefore, we found miR-1298-5p had different effects on glioma cells and MDSCs. Mechanically, downstream signaling pathway analyses showed that miR-1298-5p plays distinct roles in glioma cells and MDSCs via targeting SETD7 and MSH2, respectively. Moreover, reverse verification was performed on the intracellular-retained miRNA miR-9-5p. Conclusions: Thus, we hypothesized that tumor-suppressive miRNAs in glioma cells could be eliminated through exosomes and target tumor-associated immune cells to induce tumor-promoting phenotypes. Glioma could get double benefit from it. These findings uncover the mechanisms that glioma selectively sorts miRNAs into exosomes and modulates tumor immunity.
Analysis of Fitness Among Korean Adults by the Cause-Effect Relation in Lump Mean Scheme
Authors: Kang Nam Lyong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: This study examined whether the fitness of Korean adults can be analyzed by the cause-effect relation using the linearity or Gaussianity in the lump mean scheme (LMS).Methods: This study analyzed previous results for the sit-up test obtained in the LMS by regression analysis in Sigmaplot 14. The effects of the body mass index (BMI) and new waist-to-height ratio (WHT2R) introduced by the present author on fitness were investigated.Results: The distribution of the sit-up test score with respect to the BMI and WHT2R were interpreted by their Gaussianity and linearity, respectively. This means that the muscular endurance of males is determined by two causes (fat and muscle) when the BMI is a variable and one cause (abdominal fat) when the WHT2R is a variable.Conclusions: Personal exercise aims were simpler to establish using WHT2R than using BMI. On the other hand, it was recommended for people with a low BMI to increase their fitness using exercises that increase their muscle mass.
A Phylogenetic Assessment of Endocalyx (Cainiaceae, Xylariales) With E. Grossus Comb. et Stat. Nov.
Authors: Delgado Gregorio , Miller Andrew N , Hashimoto Akira , Iida Toshiya , Ohkuma Moriya , Okada Gen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The phylogenetic affinities of four representative Endocalyx taxa, including three species and two varieties, are studied based on materials collected on different palm hosts in Japan and the states of Hawaii and Texas, USA. They include specimens and their isolates belonging to E. cinctus, E. indumentum, E. melanoxanthus var. grossus and E. melanoxanthus var. melanoxanthus. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data (ITS-LSU nrDNA) confirmed that Endocalyx belongs to the order Xylariales (Sordariomycetes) where all species and varieties treated form a strongly supported monophyletic lineage within the family Cainiaceae. They were also phylogenetically well resolved and consistent with their morphological and ecological circumscription. Species status is proposed for E. melanoxanthus var. grossus under the name E. grossus comb. et stat. nov. on the basis of its distinct morphological, molecular, cultural and ecological characteristics. The putative placement of Endocalyx within the family Apiosporaceae (Amphisphaeriales) based on the presence of basauxic conidiophores is rejected considering that all species treated clustered within the distant Cainiaceae (Xylariales). This characteristic mode of conidiophore elongation is determined to have evolved independently within unrelated or distant ascomycetous lineages. Novel morphological and cultural features of Endocalyx taxa based on new isolates are commented. The recently described E. metroxyli is reduced to synonym with E. melanoxanthus.
Hematological Parameters and Key Cytokines in Patients With Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Hodeidah, Yemen
Authors: Saleh Ali Gamali , Shehab Amel Youssef , Abdul-Ghani Rashad Ahmed , Allam Amal Farahat , Osman Mervat Mostafa , El-Taweel Hend Aly , Ibrahim Heba Said , Hagras Nancy Abd-elkader , Farag Hoda Fahmy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Immunity to malaria has a major role in controlling disease and pathogenesis with cytokine production being involved in almost each phase of the immune response. The present study aimed to assess hematological variables and to measure plasma levels of TNFα, IFNg and IL10, their ratios, and their relation to parasitemia among patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Hodeidah, Yemen. Forty patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum monoinfection and 40 healthy age and sex matched controls were enrolled in the study. Parasitological diagnosis was confirmed, and parasite density estimated. Hematologic parameters, the presence of gametocytes, and plasma cytokine levels were determined. Results revealed lower Hb levels, RBC, lymphocyte and platelet counts and higher neutrophil and reticulocyte counts among patients compared to controls. TNFα, IFNg and IL10 were higher in patients than controls. A relatively higher IL10 production was demonstrated by the significantly lower TNFα/IL10 and IFNg/IL10 ratios in patients than controls. TNFα and IL10 correlated positively with parasite density. Reticulocyte count was higher and IFNg level was lower in the presence of gametocytes. Conclusively, uncomplicated falciparum malaria is associated with the ability to regulate the production of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This mediates parasite clearance while simultaneously avoiding severe pathology.
Effects of hypercholesterolism on expansion of abdominal aortic aneurysm in rat model
Authors: Lee Jong Seok , Park Sun Cheol , Kim Sang Dong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Inflammation is recognized as a critical process in expansion of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). A relationship between effects of cholesterol and statin in this process have been suggested, but remain untested. Therefore, current study aimed to examine the effects of hypercholesterolism on expansion of AAA in a rat model.
Methods
A total of 16 male rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: group I, normocholesterol diet and saline infusion, group II, normocholesterol diet and porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) infusion, group III, hypercholesterol diet and PPE infusion, and group IV, hypercholesterol diet, PPE infusion and statin administration. At the 3rd week, saline was infused intraluminally in group I and PPE in groups II-IV to induce AAA. At the 5th week, blood and aortic tissue were obtained from each rat for evaluation of lipid profiles, aortic diameters (ADs), and characteristics of stains.
Results
AD3 (final) and AD3/AD1 (initial) were significantly different among the four groups (P = 0.042, P = 0.028, respectively). AD3 was significantly larger in group II than group I, and group III than group IV (P = 0.012, P = 0.043, respectively). AD3/AD1 was significantly higher in group II than group I, and group III than group II (P = 0.008, P = 0.030, respectively). Group III showed the highest cellularity for inflammatory cells.
Conclusions
Though larger experimental and clinical studies are necessary, authors suggest that hypercholesterolism can aggravate expansion of AAA, and that statin therapy can reduce it. Therefore, monitoring for hypercholesterolism and instituting statin therapy may be helpful to suppress expansion of AAA.
The Effect of a Randomised Controlled Lifestyle Intervention on Weight Loss and Plasma Proneurotensin
Authors: Bennet Louise , Struck Joachim , Larsson Sara Lönn , Bergmann Andreas , Melander Olle 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims: Proneurotensin is a strong predictor of cardiometabolic disease, however, the effect of lifestyle change on proneurotensin has not been investigated. Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants represent the largest and fastest growing minority population in Europe and are a high-risk population for obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this randomised controlled lifestyle intervention (RCT) addressing ME immigrants to Sweden where weight-loss was previously studied as the main outcome, as a secondary analysis we aimed to study change in proneurotensin during follow-up and if baseline proneurotensin predicted weight loss.Methods: Immigrants from the Middle East at high risk for type 2 diabetes were invited to participate in this RCT adapted lifestyle intervention of four months’ duration. The intervention group (N=48) received a culturally adapted lifestyle intervention comprising seven group sessions and a cooking class addressing healthier diet and increased physical activity. The control group (N=44) received treatment as usual with information to improve lifestyle habits on their own. Data assessed using mixed effects regression.Outcomes: Primary outcome; change in proneurotensin. Secondary outcome; change in BMI in relation to baseline plasma concentration of proneurotensin.Results: During the four months follow up, weight was significantly reduced in the intervention (-2.5 kg) compared to the control group (0.8 kg) (β -0.12, 95% CI -0.24 to -0.01, P=0.028). Proneurotensin increased to a significantly greater extent in the intervention compared to the control group during follow up (28.2 vs 3.5 pmol/L) (β 11.4; 4.8 to 18.02, P<0.001). Change over time in BMI was associated with baseline proneurotensin (β 0.02; 0.01 to 0.04, P=0.041).Conclusion: In consistence with data from surgical weight loss, this RCT paradoxically shows increased levels of proneurotensin during a multifactorial lifestyle intervention resulting in weight loss. Long term studies of proneurotensin following weight loss are needed.Trial registration: This study is a secondary analysis of the RCT trial registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01420198 (date of registration Aug 19th 2011).The performance and results of this trial conform to the CONSORT 2010 guidelines.
Supplementation of Dimethylglycine Sodium Salt Improves Growth Performance and Intestinal Barrier Function in Piglets With Intrauterine Growth Restriction During the Suckling Period
Authors: Bai Kaiwen , Jiang Luyi , Li Qiming , Zhang Jingfei , Zhang Lili , Wang Tian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Few studies are available on intestinal barrier function in newborn piglets with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of intestinal dysfunction in IUGR suckling piglets and improve their growth performance using dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na) supplementation.Results: The body weights of piglets in the I and ID groups were similar, and both were lower than those in the N and ND groups. However, after 17 days of age, the ID group showed larger (P < 0.05) increases in body weight than did the I group. The hub genes were identified from the data analyzed using RNA-seq and WGCNA. Among these, ATP8 was the most significantly changed, and this gene is crucial in maintaining mitochondrial function. The small intestinal histological morphology, redox status, mitochondrial redox status, oxidative damage, and gene and protein expression levels were worse in the IUGR group than in the NBW group. An increasing trend of the small intestinal histological morphology, redox status, mitochondrial redox status, oxidative damage, and gene and protein expression levels was found between the newborn piglets of the NBW and IUGR groups and the day 21 piglets of the N and I groups, respectively. In addition, supplementation of DMG-Na (ND and ID groups) improved the small intestinal histological morphology, redox status, mitochondrial redox status, oxidative damage, and gene and protein expression levels relative to the non-supplemented groups (N and I groups).Conclusions: The activity of SIRT1/PGC1α was inhibited in IUGR newborn piglets, which led to damage to their intestinal redox status and structure and barrier functions, and lowered their performance. Supplementation with antioxidant substances such as DMG-Na activated SIRT1/PGC1α in IUGR piglets, thereby improving their body state.
Predicting the distribution of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) under current and future climatic conditions in Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Sangay , Lakey Lakey , Wangchen Tshering , Adkins Steve 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Invasion, spread and establishment of invasive alien species in a new environment causes serious ecosystem perturbation and native species extinctions. The problem is further aggravated under climate change as some invasive alien species perform better under elevated temperature and carbon dioxide regimes. Currently unsuitable regions such as high-altitude areas and mountains are likely to become more suited to invasion under future climatic conditions. We have modelled the distribution of one of the most invasive alien species, parthenium weed ( Parthenium hysterophorus L.) which is rapidly colonizing different parts of Bhutan. We have implemented ensemble modelling approach using the BIOMOD2 package in R environment. Under current climate scenario, about 2.83% (1, 099.01 km 2 ) of the country’s total area is predicted to be suitable for parthenium weed invasion, covering 17 out of the 20 districts in Bhutan. Under future climate scenarios, the highest suitability is predicted under RCP4.5 2050 period with about 5, 419.69 km 2 anticipated to be suitable. Except for Bumthang, all districts show suitability to invasions under future climate scenarios. Generally, districts located in the west and south show more suitability than those in the east and central region. The highest elevation of suitability is predicted to be at 2, 931 m above sea level; an upward shift of about 753 m. Based on these findings, there is an urgent need to develop management programs and raise public awareness on the adverse impacts of parthenium weed in Bhutan.