bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Regarding the Forced Displacement of Rohingya Refugees
Authors: Adiputera Yunizar , Missbach Antje 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article analyses Indonesia’s foreign policy with respect to Myanmar and the forced displacement of more than 1 million Rohingya refugees from Rakhine State, Myanmar. Its main concern is to evaluate the effectiveness of Indonesia’s policies, including diplomatic efforts and humanitarian aid contributions, in regard to finding a solution to the ongoing disaster that affects both Rohingya remaining in Myanmar and those who have found temporary sanctuary in Bangladesh. For its diplomatic and humanitarian engagement, the Indonesian government has explored various avenues and utilised a range of instruments, including the purposeful engagement of non-state actors and faith-based humanitarian organisations. Our inquiry predominantly focuses on the time between the first Andaman Sea crisis (May 2015) and the second Andaman Sea crisis (mid-2020), not least because this is when Indonesia saw the arrival of Rohingya boats at its shores, which in turn fuelled local public interest in this matter. Our analysis pays special attention to domestic appeals from large Muslim organisations that sought to pressure the Indonesian government to become more proactive on behalf of the displaced and discriminated Rohingya. Yet, while a variety of Muslim organisations have at times demanded a more interventionist stance by the Indonesian government, their pressure has not been consistent or particularly successful. Therefore, it is likely the Indonesian government will continue to pursue its ‘quiet diplomacy’ efforts in order to balance the regional non-intervention paradigm and humanitarian imperatives caused by the forced displacement.
How Not to Know the Principle of Induction
Authors: Sankey Howard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In The Problems of Philosophy, Bertrand Russell presents a justification of induction based on a principle he refers to as “the principle of induction.” Owing to the ambiguity of the notion of probability, the principle of induction may be interpreted in two different ways. If interpreted in terms of the subjective interpretation of probability, the principle of induction may be known a priori to be true. But it is unclear how this should give us any confidence in our use of induction, since induction is applied to the external world outside our minds. If the principle is interpreted in light of the objective interpretation of induction, it cannot be known to be true a priori, since it applies to frequencies that occur in the world outside the mind, and these cannot be known without recourse to experience. Russell’s principle of induction therefore fails to provide a satisfactory justification of induction.
Marx After Sraffa: Redux
Authors: Sinha Ajit 
Published: June 2021

As the question of appropriation of the surplus value is independent of the question of economic valuation of it, Sraffa succeeds in removing the conflation between the problem of production of the surplus product and its appropriation, which, it is argued, sits at the core of the discrepancy between Marx’s physics of production and his metaphysics of human labour. JEL Codes: B1, B2, B3, B4, B5
An Alternative Fiscal Package to Mitigate India’s COVID Economic Crisis
Authors: Mehrotra Santosh 
Published: June 2021

This article examines briefly why the Indian economy was slowing pre-pandemic. It further argues that India’s lockdown caused an unprecedented economic crisis; worse, India’s economic policy response was poor in its overall architecture in terms of the balance between fiscal and monetary policy measures. It does this not only for India but compares it to the international evidence on peer country government response, with superior consequences in the latter. It argues that had the fiscal response been more commensurate with the depth of the crisis and at least somewhat comparable to that of emerging market economies, the extremely adverse impact on employment, earnings and wages could have been mitigated. It closes by offering what could have been an alternative fiscal package for India. An adequate fiscal response, it argues, would have revived aggregate demand in the product market, and through it revived the labour market—in a classic Keynesian manner. JEL Codes: H3, H41, H51, H54, H62, I15, J6, J30
Thermo-structural analysis of cryogenic tanks with common bulkhead configuration
Authors: Sumith S , Ramesh Kumar R 
Published: June 2021

In launch vehicles, cryogenic propulsion stages store liquid oxygen (LOX) at 76 K and liquid hydrogen (LH2) at 20 K, generally in two separate insulated tanks connected through tubular truss components. Consequently, load transfer from the LH2 tank to the LOX tank is very much localized, resulting in a nonoptimal design. This article presents an alternative single tankage design using a common bulkhead (CBH) to enhance the payload capability, which enables maintaining LH2 temperature within a specified temperature when exposed to a temperature gradient. A sandwich insulator using aramid honeycomb embedded with polyimide foam keeps the LH2 temperature within 20 ± 1 K is proposed, based on transient heat transfer analysis for 1000 s. The foam-filled honeycomb core is treated as equivalent foam in the analysis as the thermal conductivity of the core and the foam is quite close. The efficacy of the insulator is established by an experiment to measure the back wall temperature when liquid nitrogen is loaded on the top skin of the panel, and the insulator maintains a temperature gradient of 123 K for 1000 s. A good agreement is obtained between the transient finite element analysis results with experimental data. An externally insulated LOX tank configuration with an optimum length of the skirt–cylinder where the temperature reaches 80 K is arrived at based on slosh, buckling, and thermal analyses. No thermal gradient is found across the thickness of the skirt, while the thermal gradient is observed along the length of the skirt as anticipated. An integrated thermo-structural analysis of the cryo-system is carried out considering temperature-dependent material properties. A positive margin for the skirt is obtained. A payload gain of 366 kg is estimated based on the present study for the new design option with a CBH and skirt as compared to the traditional tubular truss arrangements.
Life-and-Death Attitude and Its Formation Process and End-of-Life Care Expectations Among the Elderly Under Traditional Chinese Culture: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lei Lei , Gan Quanxi , Gu Chunyan , Tan Jing , Luo Yu 
Published: June 2021

Introduction With the global aging process intensified, the demand for end-of-life care has surged, especially in China. However, its development is restricted. Understanding the life and death attitude among the elderly and its formation process, and clarifying their needs, are so important to promote social popularization of end-of-life care. Methodology This qualitative study included 20 elderly residents in Nan and Shuangbei Communities, Chongqing City, People’s Republic of China. Data were collected through semistructured in-depth individual interviews and processed by thematic analysis method. Results Three themes and eight subthemes were identified: Characteristics of formation process (passive thinking, closed and single), life-and-death attitude (cherish and enjoy life, quality of life priority, let death take its course) and expectations of end-of-life care (preferences, basic needs, good death). Discussion Life-and-death attitude and end-of-life care expectations of the elderly support the development and delivery of end-of-life care. Furthermore, the individual-family-hospital linkage discussion channel needs to be further explored.
Ultrasound assessment of peripheral intravenous catheters by nurses in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Good Ryan J , Diaz Elizabeth , Thomas Robin , Wathen Beth , Carpenter Todd C 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Establish the feasibility of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurse-directed ultrasound assessment (UA) of peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters, compare the results of UA to traditional assessment (TA), and determine PIV survival after UA. Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Setting: PICU within a children’s hospital. Patients: PICU patients with a PIV. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: Eight nurses performed UA on 131 PIVs in 85 patients. Median age was 3.0 years (IQR 1.0–13.8) and median weight was 15.0 kg (IQR 9.6–59.3). The most common PIV location was the arm (43%) and extravasation occurred in 15% of PIVs. Agreement between TA and UA was moderate with a Kappa of 0.47 (95% CI 0.28–0.66). Nursing confidence in the UA was significantly higher than TA (92% vs 21% very confident, p < 0.0001). In 106 PIVs with a UA that indicated the PIV was intravascular (i.e. negative UA), the median survival was 50.0 h (IQR 21.8–100.3). Conclusions: Nurses can perform UA of PIV status in PICU patients and express greater confidence in the findings of UA than TA. Further study is necessary to determine the impact of UA on the rate of PIV complications.
EXPRESS: Uninterpretable cerebrospinal fluid absorbance scans caused by antibiotic therapy
Authors: Miller Jan 
Published: June 2021

Background The revised national guidelines for analysis of cerebrospinal fluid for bilirubin in suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage (UK) provide an objective means of assessing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples to determine risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The guidelines are intended for general use, but samples rendered uninterpretable due to the presence of the antibiotic doxycycline have been described. Here, further cases of antibiotic- based interference, and their implications, are presented. Methods An archival search of CSF spectra performed at Hallands County Hospital Halmstad was performed for the years 2011 and 2016- 2019 in an attempt to locate instances of interference. Each case of suspected interference was further investigated with in vitro reproduction experiments as a means of confirmation and assessment of potential clinical impact. Results A total of 10 cases of CSF curve interference were discovered: 6 due to doxycycline, 3 due to metronidazole and 1 due to tetracycline. Interference due to the tetracycline class was revealed through in vitro experimentation to cause an apparent decrease in the sampleâs net bilirubin absorbance(NBA); the presence of xanthochromia on visual inspection was, however, conserved. Conclusions The problem of CSF absorbance curve interference might be more common than previously suspected. Due to the potential NBA- lowering effect of tetracyclines, the author recommends visual examination of CSF samples in every case.
The Welsh Eating Disorder Service Review 2018, Scottish Eating Disorder Service Review 2021 and recommendations of best practice in comorbid eating disorders and diabetes
Authors: Tan Jacinta , Johns Gemma 
Published: June 2021

Background: Diabetes and eating disorders are frequently comorbid. This particular comorbidity is not only often poorly recognised, but is difficult to treat and has a high mortality. Method: In this article, we will briefly review the relationship between diabetes and eating disorders. We will review the current NICE and other guidance and reports concerning both diabetes and eating disorders in the United Kingdom. We will then describe the recommendations of the 2018 Welsh Government Eating Disorder Service Review and the 2021 the Scottish Government Eating Disorder Service Review regarding diabetes and eating disorders, which will lead to service change. Conclusions: We conclude that this is a relatively underdeveloped but important area where there needs to be further service development and more collaboration between diabetes and eating disorder services.
Using formative research to develop HEARTS: A curriculum-based healthy relationships promoting intervention for individuals on the autism spectrum
Authors: Rothman Emily F , Graham Holmes Laura 
Published: June 2021

Curricula that teach relationship skills to autistic individuals are needed. The purpose of this formative research study was to describe the views of autistic youth about healthy and unhealthy friendships and dating relationships, in order to uncover what types of skills they felt would be useful to learn in a workshop-style intervention in order to have healthier peer relationships. The research was shaped by input from a five-person Advisory Board comprising autistic people. Twenty-five autistic individuals aged 16–22 years old were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using an inductive content-based analysis approach. Interview participants described finding it challenging to remain motivated to make and maintain friendships, and that they would benefit from education about overcoming anxiety rooted in bad prior experiences that stop them from making new friends, learning when it was safe to take emotional risks, how they could cultivate reciprocity in relationships, and how to identify, communicate, and respect sexual and emotional boundaries. They also voiced a preference for mixed-gender interventions team taught by one neurotypical and one autistic facilitator. The experiences, opinions and preferences of the 25 autistic youth who were interviewed will inform the content of the forthcoming Healthy Relationships on the Autism Spectrum relationship skills intervention. Lay abstract What is already known about the topic? All people can benefit from education about how to have healthy friendships and dating relationships. But specific interventions on relationship skills—like respecting boundaries, identifying warning signs of abuse, or talking about sexual preferences—are too rare, particularly for autistic individuals. The goal of this study was to collect formative data from autistic emerging adults to help create a new, six-session workshop for autistic young adults to support healthy peer relationships. Twenty-five autistic youth aged 16–22 years old were interviewed. What this paper adds? The participants described a need for more and better information about how to support lasting friendships, deal with their anxiety about relationships, and know when friendships or dating relationships were reciprocal and rewarding versus unhealthy. Implications for practice, research, or policy. The results reveal a need for a new and effective intervention that supports healthy relationship skills for autistic people.
A typology of small-scale multilingualism
Authors: Pakendorf Brigitte , Dobrushina Nina , Khanina Olesya 
Published: June 2021

Aims: The paper aims at providing an exhaustive overview of studies of small-scale multilingualism, a type of language ecology typical of—but not exclusive to—indigenous communities with small numbers of speakers. We identify the similarities and differences among situations of such multilingualism, which lay the foundations for a future typology of this kind of language ecology. Approach and data: We outline the importance of language ideologies for multilingualism in small-scale societies, highlight the sources of this type of language ecology, with a special focus on the impact of marriage patterns, discuss to what extent situations of small-scale multilingualism are truly egalitarian and symmetric, and survey the different methods used in the study of this domain. In order to do so, we survey studies devoted to multilingualism in indigenous communities of all continents: the New World (especially South America), Australia, Melanesia, Africa, Europe and Asia. Conclusions: The multilingual ecologies of the pre- and postcolonial world are extremely diverse, with many factors playing a role in their constitution. They are also highly endangered, and thus their study is of the utmost urgency. Originality: The domain of small-scale multilingualism is still novel for sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. Although the researchers working with indigenous groups have been describing the peculiarities of multilingual repertoires, language acquisition and language attitudes in various parts of the world, the domain lacks the kind of comparison and generalizations that we provide here. Significance: The increased interest in small-scale multilingualism has been boosted by the realization of its significance for reconstructing the social conditions that favoured linguistic diversity in the precolonial world. Furthermore, insights into this type of multilingualism—which differs considerably from the better-studied situations of bi- and multilingualism in urban contexts and large nation states—are of prime importance for a better understanding of the human language faculty.
Early period results of radiofrequency ablation and cyanoacrylate embolization for great saphenous vein insufficiency
Authors: Balcı Abdullah B , Sanrı Umut S , Özsin Kadir K , Tatlı Ahmet B , Özyazıcıoğlu Ahmet F , Yavuz Şenol 
Published: June 2021

Objective To evaluate the 6 months efficacy and safety of cyanoacrylate closure for the treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins (GSVs) in comparison with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods In this multicenter, retrospective, clinical trial, 398 symptomatic subjects with incompetent GSVs were assigned to either cyanoacrylate closure or RFA. The primary endpoint, complete closure of the target GSV, was determined using duplex ultrasound examination starting from one-, three-, and six-month visits. Results All patients were followed for 6 months and there was no difference between the groups in terms of mean follow-up time. Hospital stay and return to work/activity were shorter in the cyanoacrylate ablation (CAA) group, and these differences between the groups were statistically significant. Ecchymosis was observed higher in the RFA group and was statistically significant. Conclusions In this study, in which we examined the CAA and RFA methods, we found that both methods were effective and reliable; however, we found that patients in the CAA group had a more comfortable postoperative period and returned to work earlier.
Supporting wellness at pantries (SWAP) nutrition stoplight system aids rural food pantry clients living with chronic disease in selecting nutritious options
Authors: Hampson James , MacNell Lillian 
Published: June 2021

Objectives Chronic disease accounts for 70% of U.S. deaths, with suboptimal nutrition an important, preventable risk factor. Food insecurity is a contributor to poor nutrition. Food pantries are a regular source of groceries for the food insecure and an ideal place for nutrition literacy programs. Supporting Wellness at Pantries (SWAP) is a stoplight nutrition ranking system based on 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines, but has only been implemented in urban areas. Rural communities experience higher rates of poor health and food insecurity. Methods This study implements SWAP at a food pantry in a rural community with high rates of food insecurity and chronic disease. Food was sorted into “green,” “yellow,” and “red” items on color-coded shelves, with green foods the most accessible, and signage explaining the sorting was displayed. Surveys measured whether clients found SWAP helpful in choosing nutritious foods, particularly for households with chronic diseases. Results Clients reported that it was significantly (p <.0001) easier to choose items low in salt, sugar, and fat. The benefits of SWAP extended outside the pantry by increasing confidence in choosing nutritious foods while grocery shopping. Discussion SWAP can be an effective tool for improving nutrition literacy among food insecure rural residents with chronic illnesses.
The influence of residential greenness on mortality in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kua KP , Lee SWH 
Published: June 2021

Aims: To critically appraise the evidence of the impact of exposure to salutogenic green environment on mortality, which is an important endpoint in epidemiological and clinical studies. Methods: We searched for studies published and indexed in three databases (PubMed, AMED, and CINAHL Plus) from inception until 31 March 2020, complemented with a search of cited literature for articles describing the effects of greenness on mortality in Asia-Pacific region. Eligible articles were screened and data were extracted independently by two reviewers. A random-effects model was utilised to obtain pool hazard ratio (HR) and risk ratio of all-cause mortality outcome. Results: The search identified 3239 studies, of which 20 studies reporting 133,363 participants from longitudinal cohort studies and 202 million people from population-based prevalence studies were included in the review. The majority of the studies (60%) were conducted in high-income countries in Asia-Pacific. All participants of the longitudinal cohort studies were aged 60 years or older, whereas the prevalence studies involved people of all age groups. A significant protective association of green environment exposure with all-cause mortality was reported in 18 studies. Pooled results from five studies showed increased level of greenness exposure was associated with a significant decrease in all-cause mortality (pooled HR = 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.93 to 1.02; p < 0.01; I²= 87.8%). Meta-analysis of total number of deaths in different quartiles of green spaces noted decreased risks of mortality with all causes of death with increased surrounding greenness. Conclusions: Some limited evidence suggests that populations exposed to the greener environment have a lower risk of mortality, implying the potential role of greenness in increasing longevity. Further studies with standardised design and outcome reporting should be conducted in low- and middle-income countries and in populations of low socioeconomic status to glean more generalisable and complete evidence for public health policy implications.