bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
مسندامام احمدبن حنبل میں مخضرمین راویان ِحدیث : تعارفی جائزہ
Authors: MAHMOOD SAJID , HAQ SAMI UL 
Published: March 2021

Sunnah is second authentic source of Islamic law. It is the one of the real blessing of Allah that He created religious scholars and aeimma for writing, memorizing, defending and Rawayat wa darayat of these sunah .The struggles and services of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (Rahimahu Allahu Ta'ala) for Ahadees are praise working.He was born in Marw on the 20th of Rabi-ul-Awwal 164 A.H.He was a very pious scholar who devoted all his life in the Science of Ahadith and Fiqh.He wrote many books but His most famous book is his "MUSNAD".A book in which he collected about 50 000 to 70 000 Ahadith. His book Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal is a true treasure of knowledge.This book has many qualities, one of the distinctive quality of this book is that Mukhzramen-e-Rawat have been mentioned here.
Mukhzrm is a person who lives during the age of ignorance (zamana e jahiliyat) and age of Islam but He accepts Islam after the death of Holy Prophet (PBUH). This paper is an attempt to highlight the Mukhzramen Rawat.
اللہ تعالٰی نے قرآن مجید نازل فرما کراس امت پر عظیم احسان فرمایا،جس میں زیادت ونقصان اور تحری
روايت بالمعنیٰ کی حیثیت میں محدثین وفقہاء کرام کاموقف
Authors: Saffi Muhammad Safi Ullah , NOMAN MUHAMMAD 
Published: March 2021

It is obvious to all readers of world history that on one hand Europe divided the Muslim world into parts to dominate over the Muslims and strengthen their political hold and on the other hand, they introduced literature in the form of knowledge and research to induce ambiguity and distrust in their minds about Islāmic teachings so that the Muslims may dishearten from their religious values as the European catholic faced to. To achieve these targets European orientalists presented Islāmic history, defense, and argumentation in a baseless and ambiguous form. The eastern followers follow them blindly in eagerness for modernism. In this business who played a vital role is a prolonged story. In this connection, one convention is meaning dependent about which some people think one cannot say with surety that even appreciable Ḥadīth narrations pertaining to the prophet (SAW) are certain. They think those Ḥadīths which directly pertain to Nabī (SAW) and know to us are mostly narrated not wordily but meaningly. Perhaps we consider the prophet saying may not be real which means that with the passage of time those Ḥadīths may be interrupted to some extent.
Protective Potential of Lycopene Enriched Tomato Extract against Dexamethasone Induced Hepatic and Renal Damage in Mice
Authors: Koul A. , Kaur J. , Chugh N. A. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine the protective potential of Lycopene enriched tomato extract (LycT) against hepatic and renal damage caused in mice by dexamethasone administration.
Study Design: Male LACA mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups (n=6-7 animals per group) depending upon the treatment they received. Group I (control) animals served as control and were orally administered with olive oil (vehicle) thrice a week for five weeks. Group II (DEX) animals were intraperitoneallly (i.p.) administered with dexamethasone at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. on alternate days for three weeks. Group III (LycT) animals were orally (p.o.) administered with LycT at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. on alternate days for five weeks. Group IV (LycT+DEX) animals were co-administered with LycT (p.o.) and dexamethasone (i.p.) according to the above mentioned dose regimen
Results: Dexamethasone caused hepatic and renal damage as evident from disturbed histoarchitecture, deranged levels of organ function markers (alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, total and direct bilirubin, urea, creatinine) and enhanced level of cell damage (lactate dehydrogenase) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) markers. Increased blood glucose level, decreased hepatic glycogen level along with inhibited activities of enzymes involved in glycolysis (hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase) indicated altered glucose metabolism in DEX group. The mitigation in histoarchitectural alterations, cell damage and oxidative stress markers, improved levels of organ function markers, blood glucose level along with ramped up antioxidant defense system indicated the protective potential of LycT against dexamethasone induced ill effects.
Conclusions: These results point towards beneficial effects of LycT against dexamethasone induced damage to hepatic and renal tissues in mice.
The Epidemiology of Rubella in Lesotho before the Introduction of a Rubella Containing Vaccine: A Review of Measles Case-based Surveillance, 2012-2016
Authors: Nwako Azubuike Benjamin , Makhupane Thabelo 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the burden and epidemiology of rubella infection in Lesotho before the introduction of a rubella-containing vaccine. It was also to assess the performance of the measles case-based surveillance system in Lesotho.
Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in Lesotho from February to March 2019 based on the 2012 to 2016 data.
Methods: There was a review of the measles case-based surveillance data with a total of 1587 suspected cases reported during the study period. Samples were collected from suspected measles cases and tested for measles. Those samples that tested negative for measles were subsequently tested for rubella IgM at the National Reference Laboratory. The serum samples were analysed for rubella IgM using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits SERION and EUROIMMUN.
Results: There were 2 measles IgM and 748 rubella IgM positive cases confirmed. The rubella IgM positive cases accounted for 48% of the samples tested for rubella infection. There were also several rubella outbreaks during the study period. The Lesotho surveillance system met the two principal surveillance performance indicators for each year during the period of the study.
Conclusion: This study showed that there was high level of rubella sero-positivity with several outbreaks of rubella infections during the study period. Rubella infection was predominantly seen in those aged between 5 and <13 years of age. This justified the introduction of a rubella containing vaccine in Lesotho in 2017. Although the two principal surveillance performance indicators (non-measles febrile rash illness rates and the percentage of districts that reported at least one case of measles with blood specimen per year) were met during the period under review, there were districts that performed poorly. This study revealed the need for strengthening of rubella-containing vaccine component of routine immunization to lower the impact of rubella infection in Lesotho. A detailed district level review to identify and address the causes of poor performance in some districts is recommended. There is also a need to identify the current challenges and evaluate the impact of the recently introduced rubella-containing vaccine on rubella infection in Lesotho.
Ethno - Medicinal Studies of Finima Nature Park - A Protected Tropical Rain Forest
Authors: Choko O. P. , Aiyeloja A. A. , Oladele A. T. , Onwuteaka J. N. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study was aimed at conducting a pilot survey of the ethno-medicinal plants in Finima Nature Park (FNP), Bonny, Nigeria, to elicit common medicinal plants and their uses.
Method: A set of structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from three key informants (Traditional Medicine Practitioners-TMPs) and 62 household heads on the local medicinal utilization of plants in FNP. Plant utilization and preferences, perceived conservation status and use values were documented.
Results: Eighty-three (83) plant species belonging to 45 Botanical families were frequently collected from FNP for local medicinal purposes. Rubiaceae was the most abundant (8%) plant family while the plant forms showed trees (46%), herbs (23%), shrubs (21%) and ferns (3%). Plant parts used for local medicine included leaves (44%), stem/barks (21%), roots (16%), whole plant (5%), fruits (5%), seeds (6%), tubers (2%) and flowers (1%). Infectious diseases were the most treated (30%), urogenital and endocrine diseases - such as thyroid (15%) and abdominal diseases (11%). Oral (62%) and dermal (30%) constitutes the main modes of administration. Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. had the highest use value (3.5 - 4) while Ocimum gratissimum Linn., Vernonia amygdalina Delile and Alchornea cordifolia Schumach. & Thonn had the least (1). Perceived conservation status of medicinal plants by respondents revealed scarce (9%), threatened (31%) and abundance (60%).
Conclusion: Finima Nature Park (FNP) is a repository of medicinal genetic resource and as such, its conservation should be upheld.
COVID-19 Pneumonia, Diabetes and Alteration of the Biochemical Values of Blood: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vicoveanu Petronela , Covali Roxana , Riscanu Laura , Socolov Demetra , Pavaleanu Ioana , Carauleanu Alexandru , Socolov Razvan 
Published: March 2021

Aims: The variability in evolution of the novel coronavirus has perplexed the medical community. We herein report the case of a patient with specific characteristics, somewhat outside the reported average values.
Presentation of Case: A 60-year-old type I diabetic patient was admitted as an outpatient to a university hospital for the following symptoms: fever up to 38.1˚C, malaise, and shortness of breath. Upon admittance, the chest X-ray revealed a homogenous triangular opacity, of medium intensity, located in the lower lobe of the left lung, suggesting pneumonia. Altered biochemistry values in our hospital included ALT = 86U/L, AST = 118 U/L, serum urea = 43.4 mg/dL, serum creatinine = 1.43 mg/dL, fasting blood glucose = 167.9 mg/dL (she had type 1 diabetes and received insulin only in the evening), triglycerides = 214.9 mg/dL, serum magnesium = 1.48 mg/dL, serum iron = 14.1 mg/dL. Fever, malaise, and shortness of breath, together with the X-ray image of the chest suggested COVID-19. RT-PCR confirmed the diagnosis 12 hours later. Three days after admission, she felt dyspneic, and oxygen therapy was administered for 7 days, together with Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Dexamethasone, Heparin and Vitamin C. After 18 days in the hospital, she felt good, and was released from the hospital.
Conclusion: Despite the numerous aggravating factors for COVID-19 (age [60 years old], type 1 diabetes, increased values of ALT, AST, serum urea, serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, low serum magnesium, one whole lobe pneumonia, and only one favorable factor–low serum iron), the patient survived and recovered.
Physical & Postural Determinants of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Dental Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Humayun Arsalan , Memon Parveen Imdad , Rahman Aneela Atta Ur , Siyal Fahad Jibran , Siddiqui Muhammad Ilyas , Pirzado Sania 
Published: March 2021

Background: According to World Health Organization, work-related health deals with all facets of health and determinants of one’s health may vary in different occupations. Identifying those determinants may be crucial for primary prevention of risks and adverse health conditions.
Objective: To identify the physical and postural determinants of musculoskeletal disorders among dental healthcare professionals.
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out amongst public and private sector dentists of Hyderabad. The data was collected through pre-tested questionnaire from 132 participants. Participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, personal information, work-related factors, physical load related factors and prevalence of different musculoskeletal pain sites were analyzed through frequencies. Associations were assessed using Pearson’s coefficient the strength of association was determined via Chi-square test.
Results: Females (39.4%) as compared to males (60.6%) were more affected and most subjects falling in the age group of 24-28 years with +0.66 SD. The postgraduate (77.3%) individuals were more affected as compared to their graduate counterparts. Furthermore, majority complained of neck pain (65.8%) followed by back (64%) & shoulder (59.6) pain. The study also found out that majority of the dentists (95.6%) have a reduction in activity due to MSDs. The only significant association (P value = 0.039) was found between sleeping hours/day and occurrence of MS disorders.
Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders amongst dentists were found in remarkably high number. Wrong posture and poor physical ergonomics of workspace are attributed to higher incidence of MSDs.
Automatic needle detection using improved random sample consensus in CT image‐guided lung interstitial brachytherapy
Authors: Zheng Yongnan , Jiang Shan , Yang Zhiyong , Wei Lin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo develop a method for automatically detecting needles from CT images, which can be used in image‐guided lung interstitial brachytherapy to assist needle placement assessment and dose distribution optimization.Material and MethodsBased on the preview model parameters evaluation, local optimization combining local random sample consensus, and principal component analysis, the needle shaft was detected quickly, accurately, and robustly through the modified random sample consensus algorithm. By tracing intensities along the axis, the needle tip was determined. Furthermore, multineedles in a single slice were segmented at once using successive inliers deletion.ResultsThe simulation data show that the segmentation efficiency is much higher than the original random sample consensus and yet maintains a stable submillimeter accuracy. Experiments with physical phantom demonstrate that the segmentation accuracy of described algorithm depends on the needle insertion depth into the CT image. Application to permanent lung brachytherapy image is also validated, where manual segmentation is the counterparts of the estimated needle shape.ConclusionsFrom the results, the mean errors in determining needle orientation and endpoint are regulated within 2° and 1 mm, respectively. The average segmentation time is 0.238 s per needle.
Robust method to provide exponential convergence of model parameters solving linear time‐invariant plant identification problem
Authors: Glushchenko Anton , Petrov Vladislav , Lastochkin Konstantin 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe scope of this research is a problem of parameters identification of a linear time‐invariant plant, which (1) input signal is not frequency‐rich, (2) is subjected to initial conditions and external disturbances. The memory regressor extension (MRE) scheme, in which a specially derived differential equation is used as a filter, is applied to solve the above‐stated problem. Such a filter allows us to obtain a bounded regressor value, for which a condition of the initial excitation (IE) is met. Using the MRE scheme, the recursive least‐squares method with the forgetting factor is used to derive an adaptation law. The following properties have been proved for the proposed approach. If the IE condition is met, then: (1) the parameter error of identification is bounded and converges to zero exponentially (if there are no external disturbances) or to a set (in the case of them) with an adjustable rate, (2) the parameters adaptation rate is a finite value. The above‐mentioned properties are mathematically proved and demonstrated via simulation experiments.
Engineering Molecular Polymerization for Template‐Free SiOx/C Hollow Spheres as Ultrastable Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Xiaoming , Liu Yang , Ren Yang , Mu Tiansheng , Yin Xucai , Du Chunyu , Huo Hua , Cheng Xinqun , Zuo Pengjian , Yin Geping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSiOx/C composites with a void‐reserving structure are promising anodes for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the facile and controllable synthesis of uniformly dispersed SiOx and carbon components, simultaneously incorporating ample voids, still remains a great challenge. Herein, a molecular polymerization strategy is devised to construct SiOx/C hollow particles for lithium‐ion batteries. 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and dialdehyde molecules are judiciously engineered as silicon and carbon precursors to produce the polymer hollow spheres (PHSs) through a one‐step aldimine condensation without any template and additive. A range of PHSs is obtained using terephthalaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and glyoxal as the crosslinkers, demonstrating the high tunability of the strategy. Importantly, in situ pyrolysis of the PHSs warrants the homogeneous incorporation of SiOx (<5 nm) in carbon hollow capsids at a nanocluster scale. The obtained SiOx/C hollow spheres exhibit excellent Li+‐ion storage behaviors, including cycling lifespan, coulombic efficiency, and rate performance. The superior performance is attributed to the well‐dispersed SiOx nanoclusters in carbon substrate and the hollow structure. This molecular polymerization approach not only enables Si‐based hollow composites effective and scalable anode materials but also opens up a new avenue for the controllable synthesis of template‐free hollow architectures.
Highly Stretchable, Adhesive, and Self‐Healing Silk Fibroin‐Dopted Hydrogels for Wearable Sensors
Authors: Zhao Li , Zhao Jizhong , Zhang Fan , Xu Zijie , Chen Fan , Shi Yating , Hou Chen , Huang Yicheng , Lin Changjian , Yu Rui , Guo Wenxi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the preparations of flexible electronic devices have attracted great attention. Here, a simple one‐pot method of thermal polymerization is introduced to fabricate silk fibroin‐dopted hydrogels (SFHs), which are both chemically and physically cross‐linked by acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), and silk fibroin (SF). The addition of SF can effectively enhance the mechanical property of the SFH12% by 59% compared with SFH0%. Taking the advantage of its wide working range of stress (about 0.455–568.9 kPa), the SFH can work as a resistance‐type pressure sensor to monitor different human motions. What is more, the excellent adhesion, about 75.17 N m−1 of SFH46% enables it to fit tightly to other objects during the testing, which significantly reduces the loss of small signals due to poor fit. In addition, the SFH demonstrates excellent self‐healing property without requiring external excitation and a sensitive temperature response in the range of −10 to 60 °C. The SFH is expected to be applied in the field of electronic skin, soft robots, and other flexible electronic products as well as speech recognition.
Transparent and Unipolar Nonvolatile Memory Using 2D Vertically Stacked Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Cho Haein , Jeon Chan‐Woo , On Ba Da , Park Il‐Kyu , Choi Sanghyeon , Jang Jingon , Wang Gunuk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVarious 2D materials have received considerable attention as emerging nanoscale materials for low‐power and high‐performance electronic and optoelectronic device applications. Among these, layered double hydroxide (LDH)‐based nanocomposites are promising materials because of their structural diversity and electronic functionality, which are suitable for photocatalysts, catalytic supports, and charge storage. Here, three Al‐based LDHs using different divalent cations (Zn2+, Ni2+, and Co2+) are synthesized, and their electrical characteristics are investigated in the form of a two‐terminal Pt/Al‐based LDHs/fluorine‐doped tin oxide junction structure. Only the ZnAl‐LDH junction exhibits a distinct unipolar switching behavior with an ON–OFF ratio of ≈103 and transmittance of ≈87%; the other junctions (NiAl‐ and CoAl‐LDHs) do not exhibit switching and possess relatively low transparency. This difference is attributed to the relatively vertically stacked ZnAl‐LDH layer, which enables the formation of a switching filament through the vertical 2D layer and enhances transparency. The ZnAl‐LDH junction has a relatively low trap energy (Et) of ≈0.1 eV that can decrease the SET voltage as the temperature increases, which can be understood by trap‐assisted space‐charge‐limited conduction with thermal‐assisted electron excitation. This study sheds light on the potential use of transparent and self‐organized vertical stacked ZnAl‐LDH materials as resistive switching devices.
An Investigation into the Intrinsic Peroxidase‐Like Activity of Fe‐MOFs and Fe‐MOFs/Polymer Composites
Authors: Thakur Bhawana , Karve Vikram V. , Sun Daniel T. , Semrau A. Lisa , Weiß Lennart J. K. , Grob Leroy , Fischer Roland A. , Queen Wendy L. , Wolfrum Bernhard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe quest for developing materials that provide a perfect trade‐off between factors such as enzyme‐like response, stability, and low cost has been a long‐standing challenge in the field of biosensing. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites have emerged as promising candidates for biosensing applications due to their exceptional properties such as tunable pore size, high specific surface area, and exposed active sites. A comparative study of the intrinsic peroxidase‐like activity of five different MOF materials: Fe‐BTC, NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe), composites of Fe‐BTC with polymers polydopamine (PDA), poly p‐phenylenediamine (PpPDA), and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) is reported for the detection of H2O2, an important biomarker in biomedical diagnostics. The response of these materials toward H2O2 via electrochemical and colorimetric techniques is mapped and it is found that, at neutral pH, the Fe‐BTC/PEDOT composite exhibits the highest sensitivity and activity compared to other MOF materials in this study. The results indicate that the combination of unique properties of Fe‐BTC and conducting polymer PEDOT, improves the peroxidase‐like activity of the Fe‐BTC/PEDOT composite compared to the individual components. This work presents a new opportunity for easy‐to synthesize and low‐cost MOFs/conducting polymer composites for biosensing applications and provides significant insights to achieve rational design of composites with desirable functional properties
Metal‐Free Aminoiodination of Alkynes Under Visible Light Irradiation for the Construction of a Nitrogen‐Containing Eight‐Membered Ring System
Authors: Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen , Marina Tane , Nishibe Shun , Shibata Takanori 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA method for the synthesis of dihydrodibenzo[c,e]azocine derivatives via a regioselective intramolecular aminoiodination of alkynes under visible light irradiation has been developed. This protocol uses a combination of iodine and hypervalent iodine to realize a sulfonamidyl radical, followed by intramolecular addition to alkyne to form a vinyl radical. Subsequent trapping of iodine radical affords an 8‐membered heterocycle. Applications of the obtained iodinated 8‐membered heterocycles in the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling and deiodination are also demonstrated.magnified image
Multicomponent Assembly of α,α‐Bis‐Sulfonyl Arylketones and Multiple Substituted Conjugated Dienes Induced by Visible‐Light Irradiation without Additives and Photocatalysts
Authors: Xu Hailong , Ye Ruyi , Li Ziyang , Han Man‐Yi , Meng Ling‐Guo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA synthetic method is described to produce α,α‐bis‐sulfonyl arylketones from bromoalkynes and sulfinic acids under visible‐light irradiation, this visible‐light‐promoted multicomponent cascade processes are used without additives or photocatalysts. Replacing sulfinic acids with sodium arylsulfinates results in another multicomponent reaction for synthesizing multisubstituted conjugated dienes with 26%–54% yields via construction of a C−C bond and without the use of transition metals and other additives.magnified image