bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Personalized Medicine to Personalized Aging Services
Authors: Glicksman Allen , Rodriguez Misha , Ring Lauren , Liebman Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As medical models become more ubiquitous in developing strategies to provide long-term care services and support (LTSS), we need to ask whether these models adequately account for sources of diversity and disadvantage that affect access to and use of services by older adults. Medical models typically focus on categorizing information about the individual in order to clearly define current health status and appropriate treatment. Any individual, however, reflects the sum of their life experiences. Therefore, this medicalization approach can miss key factors in determining health outcomes including social determinants of health. Just as importantly, this approach can miss issues of values, beliefs, and assumptions that older adults can bring into the encounter with service providers. This issue is especially important when dealing with older migrant communities. Beliefs and attitudes shaped in their place of origin, as well as the migration experience, can influence levels of trust and resulting decisions regarding the use of LTSS. We need to integrate an understanding of how these beliefs and attitudes affect decision making into any model designed to improve the lives of older persons.
The trade fair network in Apulia during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries
Authors: Petracca Luciana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article examines the places, times and spaces dedicated to the free market in Apulia during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The primary documents consulted for this article indicate a significant increase in the regional fair circuit, starting from the reign of Frederick II. The increase in the number of fairs (divided between major and minor) inevitably favoured the development of the local and regional economy. Trade fairs, the focus of this article, represented the main opportunity for regular exchanges and the buying and selling of consumer goods. They allowed agricultural producers to sell their products, offering a variety of different goods from handicraft products to agricultural surplus.
An Invariant Protein That Colocalizes With VAR2CSA on Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Red Cells Binds to Chondroitin Sulfate A
Authors: Keitany Gladys J , Jenkins Bethany J , Obiakor Harold T , Daniel Shaji , Muehlenbachs Atis , Semblat Jean-Philippe , Gamain Benoit , Doritchamou Justin Y A , Desai Sanjay A , MacDonald Nicholas J , Narum David L , Morrison Robert , Saveria Tracy , Vignali Marissa , Oleinikov Andrew V , Fried Michal , Duffy Patrick E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) bind and sequester in deep vascular beds, causing malaria-related disease and death. In pregnant women, VAR2CSA binds to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and mediates placental sequestration, making it the major placental malaria (PM) vaccine target.

Methods
In this study, we characterize an invariant protein associated with PM called P falciparum chondroitin sulfate A ligand (PfCSA-L).

Results
Recombinant PfCSA-L binds both placental CSA and VAR2CSA with nanomolar affinity, and it is coexpressed on the iRBC surface with VAR2CSA. Unlike VAR2CSA, which is anchored by a transmembrane domain, PfCSA-L is peripherally associated with the outer surface of knobs through high-affinity protein-protein interactions with VAR2CSA. This suggests that iRBC sequestration involves complexes of invariant and variant surface proteins, allowing parasites to maintain both diversity and function at the iRBC surface.

Conclusions
The PfCSA-L is a promising target for intervention because it is well conserved, exposed on infected cells, and expressed and localized with VAR2CSA.
Optimization and Validation of Limit Check Error-Detection Performance Using a Laboratory-Specific Data-Simulation Approach: A Prerequisite for an Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: van Rossum Huub H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Autoverification procedures based on limit checks (LCs) provide important support to preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical quality assurance in medical laboratories. A recently described method, based on laboratory-specific error-detection performances, was used to determine LCs for all chemistry analytes performed on random-access chemistry analyzers prior to application.

Methods
Using data sets of historical test results, error-detection simulations of limit checks were performed using the online MA Generator system (www.huvaros.com). Errors were introduced at various positions in the data set, and the number of tests required for an LC alarm to occur was plotted in bias detection curves. Random error detection was defined as an LC alarm occurring in 1 test result, whereas systematic error detection was defined as an LC alarm occurring within an analytical run, both with ≥97.5% probability. To enable the lower limit check (LLC) and the upper limit check (ULC) to be optimized, the simulation results and the LC alarm rates for specific LLCs and ULCs were presented in LC performance tables.

Results
Optimal LLCs and ULCs were obtained for 31 analytes based on their random and systematic error-detection performances and the alarm rate. Reliable detection of random errors greater than 60% was only possible for analytes known to have a rather small variation of results. Furthermore, differences for negative and positive errors were observed.

Conclusions
The used method brings objectivity to the error-detection performance of LCs, thereby enabling laboratory-specific LCs to be optimized and validated prior to application.
Containment logics: Algebraic Counterparts and Reduced Models
Authors: Bonzio Stefano , Pra Baldi Michele 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The containment companion of a logic $\vdash $ consists of the consequence relation $\vdash ^{r}$ which satisfies all the inferences of $\vdash $, where the variables of the conclusion are contained into those of the set of premises, in case this is not inconsistent. Following the algebraic analysis started in Bonzio and Pra Baldi (2021, Studia Logica, 109, 969–994), this paper characterizes the algebraic counterpart of a finitary containment logic $\vdash ^{r}$ and investigates the structure of the Leibniz and Suszko reduced models. The analysis is carried within the framework of abstract algebraic logic.Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 03G27. Secondary: 03G25
The Excessive Regulation of Early Abortion Medication in the UK: The Case for Reform
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe , Mullock Alexandra , Parsons Jordan A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Early medical abortion (EMA) involves the administration of two medications—mifepristone and misoprostol—24–48 hours apart. These routinely used medications are recognised as safe and effective by the World Health Organization which recommends this combination of medications as a safe form of abortion until nine weeks’ gestation. Despite the safety and effectiveness of this drug regimen, there exists excessive regulation around EMA. This is despite new regulations introduced in Northern Ireland in 2020 and (temporary) changes made in 2020 to allow at-home administration of mifepristone in Great Britain (following earlier changes to permit home use of misoprostol). We argue that the excessive regulation of EMA is inappropriate because it fails to recognise that abortion is essential healthcare. Further, the regulation constitutes disproportionate interference with clinical discretion and service organisation because it is medically unnecessary and prevents abortion providers in the UK from adapting their service provision in line with emerging evidence of best practice.
The z–DM distribution of fast radio bursts
Authors: James C W , Prochaska J X , Macquart J-P , North-Hickey F O , Bannister K W , Dunning A 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We develop a sophisticated model of fast radio burst (FRB) observations, accounting for the intrinsic cosmological gas distribution and host galaxy contributions, and give the most detailed account yet of observational biases due to burst width, dispersion measure, and the exact telescope beamshape. Our results offer a significant increase in both accuracy and precision beyond those previously obtained. Using results from ASKAP and Parkes, we present our best-fitting FRB population parameters in a companion paper. Here, we consider in detail the expected and fitted distributions in redshift, dispersion measure, and signal to noise. We estimate that the unlocalized ASKAP FRBs arise from z &lt; 0.5, with between a third and a half within z &lt; 0.1. Our predicted source-counts (‘logN–logS’) distribution confirms previous indications of a steepening index near the Parkes detection threshold of 1 Jy ms. We find no evidence for a minimum FRB energy, and rule out Emin &gt; 1039.0 erg at 90 per cent C.L. Importantly, we find that above a certain DM, observational biases cause the Macquart (DM–z) relation to become inverted, implying that the highest-DM events detected in the unlocalized Parkes and ASKAP samples are unlikely to be the most distant. More localized FRBs will be required to quantitatively estimate this effect, though its cause is a well-understood observational bias. Works assuming a 1–1 DM–z relation may therefore derive erroneous results. Our analysis of errors suggests that limiting factors in our analysis are understanding of FRB spectral behaviour, sensitivity response of search experiments, and the treatment of the repeating population and luminosity function.
Deep searches for X-ray pulsations from Scorpius X-1 and Cygnus X-2 in support of continuous gravitational wave searches
Authors: Galaudage Shanika , Wette Karl , Galloway Duncan K , Messenger Chris 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Neutron stars in low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) are hypothesised to emit continuous gravitational waves that may be detectable by ground-based observatories. The torque balance model predicts that a higher accretion rate produces larger-amplitude gravitational waves, hence LMXBs with high X-ray flux are promising targets for gravitational wave searches. The detection of X-ray pulsations would identify the spin frequency of these neutron stars, and thereby improve the sensitivity of continuous gravitational-wave searches by reducing the volume of the search parameter space. We perform a semi-coherent search for pulsations in the two LMXBs Scorpius X-1 (Sco X-1) and Cygnus X-2 (Cyg X-2) using X-ray data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array. We find no clear evidence for pulsations, and obtain upper limits (at 90 per cent confidence) on the fractional pulse amplitude, with the most stringent being 0.034 per cent for Sco X-1 and 0.23 per cent for Cyg X-2. These upper limits improve upon those in previous work by factors of ∼8.2 and ∼1.6, respectively.
Multiparametric radiomic tissue signature and machine learning for distinguishing radiation necrosis from tumor progression after stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Chen Xuguang , Parekh Vishwa S , Peng Luke , Chan Michael D , Redmond Kristin J , Soike Michael , McTyre Emory , Lin Doris , Jacobs Michael A , Kleinberg Lawrence R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) may cause radiation necrosis (RN) that is difficult to distinguish from tumor progression (TP) by conventional MRI. We hypothesize that MRI-based multiparametric radiomics (mpRad) and machine learning (ML) can differentiate TP from RN in a multi-institutional cohort.

Methods
Patients with growing brain metastases after SRS at 2 institutions underwent surgery, and RN or TP were confirmed by histopathology. A radiomic tissue signature (RTS) was selected from mpRad, as well as single T1 post-contrast (T1c) and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) radiomic features. Feature selection and supervised ML were performed in a randomly selected training cohort (N = 95) and validated in the remaining cases (N = 40) using surgical pathology as the gold standard.

Results
One hundred and thirty-five discrete lesions (37 RN, 98 TP) from 109 patients were included. Radiographic diagnoses by an experienced neuroradiologist were concordant with histopathology in 67% of cases (sensitivity 69%, specificity 59% for TP). Radiomic analysis indicated institutional origin as a significant confounding factor for diagnosis. A random forest model incorporating 1 mpRad, 4 T1c, and 4 T2-FLAIR features had an AUC of 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–0.88), sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 86% in the training cohort, and AUC of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.51–0.91), sensitivity of 52% and specificity of 90% in the validation cohort.

Conclusions
MRI-based mpRad and ML can distinguish TP from RN with high specificity, which may facilitate the triage of patients with growing brain metastases after SRS for repeat radiation versus surgical intervention.
Effect of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers on blood pressure variability in the SPRINT trial: a treatment effects approach
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Petersen Nils , Wolcott Zoe , Goldstein Eric , Delic Alen , Sheibani Nazanin , Anadani Mohammad , Sheth Kevin N. , Lansberg Maarten , Turan Tanya , Prabhakaran Shyam 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
Increased visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (vvBPV) has negative effects on multiple organ systems. Prior research has suggested that dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCB) may reduce vvBPV, which we attempted to verify in a high-quality dataset with robust statistical methodology.

Methods:
We performed a post hoc analysis of the SPRINT trial and included participants who were on a dihydropyridine CCB either 0 or 100% of follow-up study visits. The primary outcome was vvBPV, defined as residual standard deviation (rSD) of SBP from month 6 until study completion. We estimated the average treatment effect of the treated (ATET) after augmented inverse-probability-weighting (AIPW) matching.

Results:
Of the 9361 participants enrolled in SPRINT, we included 5020, of whom 1959 were on a dihydropyridine CCB and 3061 were not; mean age was 67.4 ± 9.2 years, 34.5% were men, 65.9% were white, 49.4% were randomized to intensive blood pressure control, and the rSD was 10.1 ± 4.0 mmHg. Amlodipine represented greater than 95% of dihydropyridine CCB use. After AIPW matching of demographics and other antihypertensive medications, the ATET estimation for participants on a dihydropyridine CCB was an rSD that was 2.05 mmHg lower (95% CI −3.19 to −0.91). We did not find that other antihypertensive medications classes decreased vvBPV, and several increased it.

Conclusion:
In the SPRINT trial, consistent use of a dihydropyridine CCB was associated with a 2 mmHg reduction in vvBPV. The implication of this hypothesis-generating finding in a high-quality dataset is that future trials to reduce vvBPV could consider using dihydropyridine CCBs.
Primary Systemic Amyloidosis Presenting as Skin Vegetations: A Case Report
Authors: Li Meng-Hua , Wu Li-Ming 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Primary systemic amyloidosis is characterized by clonal plasma cell disorder, and its signs and symptoms are various and complex, damage to the skin and mucous membrane is often more likely to attract attention.Here we reported a case of a 61-year-old male patient who presented with topical mucocutaneous lesion, as well unusual skin vegetations.

Case presentation:
A 61-year-old man was hospitalized due to repeated burning sensation on his back, multiple ecchymosis, and skin vegetations. Through a series of examinations (mainly including skin histopathology, bone marrow cytology, bone marrow flow cytometry, immunofixation electrophoresis), Primary systemic amyloidosis was diagnosed, but multiple myeloma could not be diagnosed. Subsequently, he received chemotherapy. In the half-year follow-up, there was no significant change in his symptoms and signs.

Discussion:
In this case, in addition to the typical skin damage of primary amyloidosis, the multiple skin vegetations in the buttocks, abdomen, and arms are particularly noteworthy. According to the histopathology and Immunohistochemistry of the skin vegetation, we infer that the formation mechanism of these skin vegetation is lymphatic obstruction caused by amyloid, which leads to lymphatic dilatation, lymph leakage, and dermal edema.

Conclusion:
Primary systemic amyloidosis is a rare disease, which is often difficult to diagnose. We should be alert to those atypical skin features so as not to delay diagnosis.
Many Moving Pieces: Virtual Preoperative Surgical Planning for Traumatic Occlusal Splints
Authors: Yoon Joshua , Lock Isabelle , Fan Caleb K. , Maduekwe Uma , Ha Michael , Rasko Yvonne , Grant Michael P. , Nam Arthur J. , Steinberg Jordan P. , Liang Fan 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Achieving anatomic reduction and re-establishing premorbid occlusion in patients with complex maxillomandibular fractures is challenging even for seasoned surgeons. Historically, surgeons have utilized occlusal splints to help establish occlusal relationships before fracture reduction and fixation. These acrylic splints are fabricated from dental impressions and require manual repositioning of tooth bearing segments along the fracture line to reapproximate premorbid occlusion. The process is laborious, requires a dental lab, and is less efficacious in edentulous patients or those with significantly comminuted fractures; as such it has largely fallen out of practice. Recently, with advances in virtual 3D modeling and printing, we demonstrate that occlusal splints can be designed from computed tomography scans, manipulated virtually, and printed without obtaining impressions from the patient.

Methods/Results:
In our series of 3 patients with complex maxillomandibular fractures, occlusal splints were created by 1) obtaining maxillofacial computed tomography scans, 2) reducing the fractures virtually, and 3) using orthognathic virtual surgery software to create the splint. The time between planning and delivery of the splint was 4 to 7 days. These splints were successfully utilized to help establish premorbid occlusion in conjunction with maxillomandibular fixation and aided in expeditious intraoperative fracture reduction and fixation.

Conclusions:
In the treatment of complex facial fractures, occlusal splints can be a useful adjunct in the operative reduction and fixation of fractures. With the advent of virtual preoperative surgical planning via 3D modeling and 3D printing, these occlusal splints can be created of a sufficient fidelity to avoid the strict need for dental impressions.
Effect of Short-term-focused Training on a Phantom Model in Improving Operative Room Performance Among Surgical Residents: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Lingaraj Chaitra , Rai Sanjeet K. , Asuri Krishna , Prajapati Om P. , Kumar Subodh , Bhattacharjee Hemanga , Bansal Virinder K. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Meta-analysis has shown the effectiveness of various training methods for the acquisition of laparoscopic skills in surgical training. However, there is very limited literature focusing on the translation of skill acquisition on training models into improved operating room (OR) performance. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Tuebingen trainer with integrated Porcine tissue in improving OR the performance of surgical trainees using standard assessment tools.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a single-blinded double-armed randomized control study conducted between July 2016 and March 2018. Eighteen, fourth, and fifth semesters of surgery residents were included in the study. The baseline performance was assessed in OR by performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy using validated scores, that is, Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS), Additional Five Criteria, Task-specific Checklist, Error Checklist, Visual Analogue Scale. The residents were then randomized into trainee and nontrainee groups. The training group received 5 days of short-term-focused training on the Tuebingen trainer, and the improvement was reassessed in OR.

Results:
The demographic profile of residents was similar. The baseline scores were comparable. The training group showed statistically significant improvement in GOALS (9.88±1.76 to 12±0.66, P=0.05 vs. 10.33±1.5 to 11.4±2.24, P=0.28), task-specific checklist (42.22±10.92 to 53.33±14.14, P=0.027 vs. 45.55±10.13 to 50±17.32, P=0.51), and error checklist. The operating time significantly reduced (36.0±4.03 vs. 50.44±11.39, P=0.0025) following training.

Conclusions:
Our study concludes that the training on the Tuebingen trainer with integrated porcine organs results in a statistically significant improvement in the OR performance of surgical residents as compared with the nontrained residents, thereby indicating a transfer of skills from training to OR.
Causality of cortical and cardiovascular activity during cyclic alternating pattern in non-rapid eye movement sleep
Authors: Hartmann Simon , Ferri Raffaele , Bruni Oliviero , Baumert Mathias 
Published: October 2021

The dynamic interplay between central and autonomic nervous system activities plays a pivotal role in orchestrating sleep. Macrostructural changes such as sleep-stage transitions or phasic, brief cortical events elicit fluctuations in neural outflow to the cardiovascular system, but the causal relationships between cortical and cardiovascular activities underpinning the microstructure of sleep are largely unknown. Here, we investigate cortical–cardiovascular interactions during the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) of non-rapid eye movement sleep in a diverse set of overnight polysomnograms. We determine the Granger causality in both 507 CAP and 507 matched non-CAP sequences to assess the causal relationships between electroencephalography (EEG) frequency bands and respiratory and cardiovascular variables (heart period, respiratory period, pulse arrival time and pulse wave amplitude) during CAP. We observe a significantly stronger influence of delta activity on vascular variables during CAP sequences where slow, low-amplitude EEG activation phases (A1) dominate than during non-CAP sequences. We also show that rapid, high-amplitude EEG activation phases (A3) provoke a more pronounced change in autonomic activity than A1 and A2 phases. Our analysis provides the first evidence on the causal interplay between cortical and cardiovascular activities during CAP. Granger causality analysis may also be useful for probing the level of decoupling in sleep disorders.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advanced computation in cardiovascular physiology: new challenges and opportunities’.