bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instability thresholds for thermal convection in a Kelvin–Voigt fluid of variable order
Authors: Straughan B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present numerical techniques for calculating instability thresholds in a model for thermal convection in a complex viscoelastic fluid of Kelvin–Voigt type. The theory presented is valid for various orders of an exponential fading memory term, and the strategy for obtaining the neutral curves and instability thresholds is discussed in the general case. Specific numerical results are presented for a fluid of order zero, also known as a Navier–Stokes–Voigt fluid, and fluids of order 1 and 2. For the latter cases it is shown that oscillatory convection may occur, and the nature of the stationary and oscillatory convection branches is investigated in detail, including where the transition from one to the other takes place.
Advanced fractionation process for wine-based products diversification
Authors: Di Giacomo Gabriele , Romano Pietro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWine fractionation is an old practice widely applied for many reasons, including the production of food-grade alcohol and spirits, alcohol-reduced wines and beverages, functional products, and aromas. The purpose is the need to satisfy different lifestyles and legal constraints. The raw material, usually called industrial wine, includes wine overproduction and wine not used as such: mainly table wine, the fermented juice of unsold table grapes, and quality wine. Three technologies are currently in use: Vacuum distillation, Reverse osmosis in dialyzing mode, and the Spinning cone column. The process developed in this work results from the integration of a multistage reverse osmosis section operating in dialyzing mode, with the Atmospheric distillation of the permeate stream; the two most applied technologies for fractionating liquid mixtures. This process allows the fractionation of the wine into four products (the vegetation water, the azeotropic Ethanol, a concentrated aqueous solution of the solid extract, and a concentrated alcoholic solution of volatile aroma compounds) while preserving sensorial, nutritional and functional properties of the individual compounds. Then, the proper recombination of these products gives rise to a wide variety of wine-based products to meet the specifications of each market segment. The process is environmentally friendly and, in comparison with the competitors, is less energy-intensive, other than resilient and flexible regarding the production potentiality.
Short life–fast death: decomposition rates of woody plants leaf- and herb-litter
Authors: Rawlik Katarzyna , Nowiński Mirosław , Jagodziński Andrzej M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract•Key messageDecomposition of forest herb species litter was not always completed in less than a year and was not always faster than decomposition of tree leaf litter in an oak-hornbeam forest in Western Poland. Litter decomposition of herbaceous plants is connected with their life strategy and functional traits of their leaves.•ContextForest understories are frequently ignored in ecological research on decomposition, although they play an important role in biomass and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems.•AimsWe hypothesized that the decomposition process of herbaceous species was completed in less than a year, as opposed to tree leaf litter. The second aim of our study was to determine if life strategy affects the rate of litter decomposition.•MethodsWe performed the decomposition experiment in the oak-hornbeam forest in Czmoń (Western Poland) using the litter bag method to determine decay constants (k) for all species studied. The influence of species identity, functional group, and functional traits of leaves and other effects on the decomposition process was assessed.•ResultsThe decomposition process was significantly dependent on the functional group of plants, time of exposure in the field, species identity, and precipitation. We found a significant correlation between leaf traits and decay rates of the species studied.•ConclusionLitter decomposition of herbaceous plants is connected with their life strategy and functional traits of their leaves in an oak-hornbeam forests.
A parameter-free total Lagrangian smooth particle hydrodynamics algorithm applied to problems with free surfaces
Authors: Low Kenny W. Q. , Lee Chun Hean , Gil Antonio J. , Haider Jibran , Bonet Javier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics computational framework for the solution of inviscid free surface flow problems. The formulation is based on the Total Lagrangian description of a system of first-order conservation laws written in terms of the linear momentum and the Jacobian of the deformation. One of the aims of this paper is to explore the use of Total Lagrangian description in the case of large deformations but without topological changes. In this case, the evaluation of spatial integrals is carried out with respect to the initial undeformed configuration, yielding an extremely efficient formulation where the need for continuous particle neighbouring search is completely circumvented. To guarantee stability from the SPH discretisation point of view, consistently derived Riemann-based numerical dissipation is suitably introduced where global numerical entropy production is demonstrated via a novel technique in terms of the time rate of the Hamiltonian of the system. Since the kernel derivatives presented in this work are fixed in the reference configuration, the non-physical clumping mechanism is completely removed. To fulfil conservation of the global angular momentum, a posteriori (least-squares) projection procedure is introduced. Finally, a wide spectrum of dedicated prototype problems is thoroughly examined. Through these tests, the SPH methodology overcomes by construction a number of persistent numerical drawbacks (e.g. hour-glassing, pressure instability, global conservation and/or completeness issues) commonly found in SPH literature, without resorting to the use of any ad-hoc user-defined artificial stabilisation parameters. Crucially, the overall SPH algorithm yields equal second order of convergence for both velocities and pressure.
Inklusive Bildung und Fachdidaktik in Grundschulen. Erkenntnisse, Reflektionen und Perspektiven
Authors: Seitz Simone , Simon Toni 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von der Frage, inwiefern die Grundschule ihrem eigenen Anspruch gemäß ein Ort allgemeiner Bildung für alle Kinder ist, wird ein Überblick über Theorien und Modelle inklusiver (grund)schulischer Bildung und deren Entwicklung von der frühen Integrationsforschung bis zur aktuellen Inklusionsforschung mit Fokus auf fach- bzw. lernbereichsdidaktische Fragestellungen in Grundschulen gegeben. Auf dieser Basis wird exemplarisch der Sachunterricht, dem im Hinblick auf die Lernbereiche der Grundschule eine exponierte Position zukommt, genauer beleuchtet, bevor dann abschließend Perspektiven für die zukünftige grundschulpädagogische Forschung im Feld inklusiver Bildung und inklusionsbezogener Fachdidaktiken abgeleitet werden.
Using the unscented transform to reduce the number of measurements in drive tests
Authors: Fernandes Leandro Carísio , de Menezes Leonardo Rodrigues Araújo Xavier , Loureiro Alexandre José Figueiredo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a drive test, it is common to measure the electric field strength (or other related quantity) at fixed intervals to calibrate propagation models or to optimize wireless network coverage. We propose to select the measurement locations based on the unscented transform. Using just a few points (tens rather than thousands), we show that the statistics of the measurement tends to the correct value, which can save time and reduce the cost of drive tests.
Shallow hot-point drill system for active layer temperature measurement along Zhongshan–Dome A traverse, Antarctica
Authors: Li Yazhou , Fan Xiaopeng , Talalay Pavel G. , Dou Yinke , Lu Siyu , Kang Shichang , Li Xiao , Hong Jialin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn glaciology, snow–firn temperature at 10 m is considered a representation of the mean annual air temperature at the surface (MAAT) of the studied site. Although MAAT is an important parameter in ice-sheet investigations, it has not been widely measured in Antarctica. To measure the 10 m snow–firn temperature in Antarctica, a shallow hot-point drill system is designed. In this simple and lightweight system, a hot-point drill can melt boreholes with a diameter of 34 mm in the snow–firn to a depth of 30 m and a temperature sensors string can measure the borehole temperature precisely. In the 2018/19 field season, 16 boreholes along the Zhongshan–Dome A traverse were drilled, and the borehole temperature was measured. Although certain problems existed pertaining to the hot-point drill, a total depth of ~244 m was successfully drilled at an average penetration rate of ~10 m h−1. After borehole drilling, ~12–15 h were generally required for the borehole to achieve thermal equilibrium with the surroundings. Preliminary results demonstrated that the 10 m snow–firn temperature along the traverse route was affected by the increasing altitude and latitude, and it decreased gradually with an increase in the distance from Zhongshan station.
SPT-CL J2032–5627: A new Southern double relic cluster observed with ASKAP
Authors: Duchesne S. W. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Bartalucci I. , Hodgson T. , Pratt G. W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present a radio and X-ray analysis of the galaxy cluster SPT-CL J2032–5627. Investigation of public data from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) at 943 MHz shows two previously undetected radio relics at either side of the cluster. For both relic sources, we utilise archival Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) data at 5.5 GHz in conjunction with the new ASKAP data to determine that both have steep integrated radio spectra ($\ensuremath{{\alpha_\mathrm{SE} = -1.52 \pm 0.10}}$and$\ensuremath{{\alpha_\mathrm{NW,full} = -1.18 \pm 0.10}}$for the southeast and northwest relic sources, respectively). No shock is seen in XMM-Newtonobservations; however, the southeast relic is preceded by a cold front in the X-ray–emitting intra-cluster medium. We suggest the lack of a detectable shock may be due to instrumental limitations, comparing the situation to the southeast relic in Abell 3667. We compare the relics to the population of double relic sources and find that they are located below the current power–mass scaling relation. We present an analysis of the low-surface brightness sensitivity of ASKAP and the ATCA, the excellent sensitivity of both allow the ability to find heretofore undetected diffuse sources, suggesting these low-power radio relics will become more prevalent in upcoming large-area radio surveys such as the Evolutionary Map of the Universe.
Minimum Wage and Corporate Investment: Evidence from Manufacturing Firms in China
Authors: Geng Heng (Griffin) , Huang Yi , Lin Chen , Liu Sibo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article studies how minimum-wage policies affect capital investment using the industrial census of manufacturing firms in China, where minimum-wage policies vary across counties. Exploiting discontinuities in minimum-wage policy at county borders, we find that minimum wages increase capital investment. The investment response to minimum wages is stronger for firms that are labor intensive, that have more room for technological improvement, and that cannot sufficiently pass on labor costs to consumers. A natural experiment based on county jurisdictional changes further assures the causal relationship.
Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019: a prospective review of 600 patients
Authors: Bhatta S , Gandhi S , Saindani S J , Ganesuni D , Ghanpur A D 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate otorhinolaryngological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and the time required for their resolution.MethodsA prospective analysis was conducted of coronavirus disease 2019 patients presenting from 1 April 2020 to 30 July 2020. The otorhinolaryngological manifestations were evaluated based on patient history. The time required for symptom resolution was evaluated separately for intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit patients.ResultsA total of 600 patients were included in the study; 13.3 per cent required the intensive care unit and 2.2 per cent expired. The otorhinolaryngological manifestations were: sore throat (88 per cent), fever (78.8 per cent), anosmia or hyposmia (63.6 per cent), ageusia or hypogeusia (63.5 per cent), rhinorrhoea (51.3 per cent), nasal obstruction (33.5 per cent), sneezing (30.3 per cent), and breathing difficulty (18.6 per cent). The time required for symptom resolution was longest for breathing difficulty (23.6 days for intensive care unit and 8.2 days for non-intensive care unit patients).ConclusionOtorhinolaryngological symptoms are one of the main presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 infection. The increased prevalence of medical co-morbidities in patients requiring intensive care unit and in deceased patients is also highlighted.
Dynamic networks of psychotic symptoms in adults living in precarious housing or homelessness
Authors: Jones Andrea A. , Gicas Kristina M. , Mostafavi Sara , Woodward Melissa L. , Leonova Olga , Vila-Rodriguez Fidel , Procyshyn Ric M. , Cheng Alex , Buchanan Tari , Lang Donna J. , MacEwan G. William , Panenka William J. , Barr Alasdair M. , Thornton Allen E. , Honer William G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople living in precarious housing or homelessness have higher than expected rates of psychotic disorders, persistent psychotic symptoms, and premature mortality. Psychotic symptoms can be modeled as a complex dynamic system, allowing assessment of roles for risk factors in symptom development, persistence, and contribution to premature mortality.MethodThe severity of delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinations, suspiciousness, and unusual thought content was rated monthly over 5 years in a community sample of precariously housed/homeless adults (n = 375) in Vancouver, Canada. Multilevel vector auto-regression analysis was used to construct temporal, contemporaneous, and between-person symptom networks. Network measures were compared between participants with (n = 219) or without (n = 156) history of psychotic disorder using bootstrap and permutation analyses. Relationships between network connectivity and risk factors including homelessness, trauma, and substance dependence were estimated by multiple linear regression. The contribution of network measures to premature mortality was estimated by Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsDelusions and unusual thought content were central symptoms in the multilevel network. Each psychotic symptom was positively reinforcing over time, an effect most pronounced in participants with a history of psychotic disorder. Global connectivity was similar between those with and without such a history. Greater connectivity between symptoms was associated with methamphetamine dependence and past trauma exposure. Auto-regressive connectivity was associated with premature mortality in participants under age 55.ConclusionsPast and current experiences contribute to the severity and dynamic relationships between psychotic symptoms. Interrupting the self-perpetuating severity of psychotic symptoms in a vulnerable group of people could contribute to reducing premature mortality.
Tools for interpreting Christ's saving mysteries in scripture: Aquinas on reduplicative propositions in christology
Authors: Moser J. David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article examines how Thomas Aquinas used reduplicative propositions (e.g. ‘Christ suffersinsofar as he is a human being’) to explicate Christ's saving mysteries, or events that Christ did and suffered that produced states of affairs only God can do. Following scripture's focus on Christ as one acting subject, Aquinas argued that we should use the adverbial modifiers ‘authoritatively as God and instrumentally as a human being’ to speak well of Christ's saving mysteries as actions of a single subject. This approach is theologically beneficial because it avoids the pitfalls of thinking of Christ's natures as agents.
The representation of public values in health technology assessment to inform funding decisions: the case of Australia's national funding bodies
Authors: Haji Ali Afzali Hossein , Street Jackie , Merlin Tracy , Karnon Jonathan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver the past few years, there has been an increasing recognition of the value of public involvement in health technology assessment (HTA) to ensure the legitimacy and fairness of public funding decisions [Street J, Stafinski T, Lopes E, Menon D. Defining the role of the public in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and HTA-informed decision-making processes.Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2020;36:87–95]. However, important challenges remain, in particular, how to reorient HTA to reflect public priorities. In a recent international survey of thirty HTA agencies conducted by the International Network of Agencies for HTA (INAHTA), public engagement in HTA was listed as one of the “Top 10” challenges for HTA agencies [O'Rourke B, Werko SS, Merlin T, Huang LY, Schuller T. The “Top 10” challenges for health technology assessment: INAHTA viewpoint.Int J Technol Assess. 2020;36:1–4].Historically, Australia has been at the forefront of the application of HTA for assessing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of new health technologies to inform public funding decisions. However, current HTA processes in Australia lack meaningful public inputs. Using Australia as an example, we describe this important limitation and discuss the potential impact of this gap on the health system and future directions.
Influences of reopening businesses and social venues: COVID-19 incidence rate in East Texas county
Authors: Le Tuan D. , Bosworth Michele , Ledlow Gerald , Le Tony T. , Bell Jeffrey , Singh Karan P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As the on-going severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, we aimed to understand whether economic reopening (EROP) significantly influenced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence. COVID-19 data from Texas Health and Human Services between March and August 2020 were analysed. COVID-19 incidence rate (cases per 100 000 population) was compared to statewide for selected urban and rural counties. We used joinpoint regression analysis to identify changes in trends of COVID-19 incidence and interrupted time-series analyses for potential impact of state EROP orders on COVID-19 incidence. We found that the incidence rate increased to 145.1% (95% CI 8.4–454.5%) through 4th April, decreased by 15.5% (95% CI −24.4 −5.9%) between 5th April and 30th May, increased by 93.1% (95% CI 60.9–131.8%) between 31st May and 11th July and decreased by 13.2% (95% CI −22.2 −3.2%) after 12 July 2020. The study demonstrates the EROP policies significantly impacted trends in COVID-19 incidence rates and accounted for increases of 129.9 and 164.6 cases per 100 000 populations for the 24- or 17-week model, respectively, along with other county and state reopening ordinances. The incidence rate decreased sharply after 12th July considering the emphasis on a facemask or covering requirement in business and social settings.
The neuroscience of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Antonetti David A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy remains a leading cause of blindness despite recent advance in therapies. Traditionally, this complication of diabetes was viewed predominantly as a microvascular disease but research has pointed to alterations in ganglion cells, glia, microglia, and photoreceptors as well, often occurring without obvious vascular damage. In neural tissue, the microvasculature and neural tissue form an intimate relationship with the neural tissue providing signaling cues for the vessels to form a distinct barrier that helps to maintain the proper neuronal environment for synaptic signaling. This relationship has been termed the neurovascular unit (NVU). Research is now focused on understanding the cellular and molecular basis of the neurovascular unit and how diabetes alters the normal cellular communications and disrupts the cellular environment contributing to loss of vision in diabetes.
Impact of body mass index on intracytoplasmic sperm injection in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kamardi Stanly , Surya IGN Harry Wijaya , Mahendra I Nyoman Bayu , Adnyana IB Putra , Suardika Anom , Tondohusodo Nono , Sudiman Jaqueline 
Published: January 2021

SummaryPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects fertility. There are two types of PCOS; the normal/lean type and overweight/obese type. The aim of this study was to assess baseline characteristics, ovarian response, quality of oocytes, embryos, pregnancy, implantation and live birth rates in normal/lean and overweight/obese patients with PCOS undergoing ICSI compared with patients without PCOS. This retrospective case–control analytical study included 38 normal/lean and 17 overweight/obese patients with PCOS, and 98 normal/lean and 17 overweight/obese patients without PCOS. Parameters were observed based on baseline characteristics, ovarian response to dosage and duration of gonadotropin administered, number of oocytes, matured oocytes, fertilization rate, embryo quality and development, pregnancy, implantation and live birth rates. Basal serum luteinizing hormone in normal/lean PCOS was significantly higher compared with non-PCOS groups. Total dosage of gonadotropin used was significantly lower in normal/lean PCOS compared with other groups. End estradiol levels in normal/lean PCOS was significantly higher compared with the non-PCOS groups. Number of follicles, retrieved oocytes and matured oocytes were significantly higher in PCOS groups compared with the non-PCOS groups. However, there were no differences in fertilized oocytes, cleavage, number of top-quality embryos, pregnancy, implantation, and live birth rates among groups. This present study suggests that normal/lean PCOS requires lower gonadotropin dosages and that patients with PCOS have more follicles and oocytes compared with patients without PCOS, however the number of fertilized oocytes and embryos from patients with PCOS were the same as those from patients without PCOS and suggested that the quality of retrieved oocytes in PCOS might be compromised.
Comparison of Education and Episodic Memory as Modifiers of Brain Atrophy Effects on Cognitive Decline: Implications for Measuring Cognitive Reserve
Authors: Mungas Dan , Fletcher Evan , Gavett Brandon E. , Widaman Keith , Zahodne Laura B. , Hohman Timothy J. , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose , Dowling N. Maritza , Johnson David K. , Tomaszewski Farias Sarah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:This study compared the level of education and tests from multiple cognitive domains as proxies for cognitive reserve.Method:The participants were educationally, ethnically, and cognitively diverse older adults enrolled in a longitudinal aging study. We examined independent and interactive effects of education, baseline cognitive scores, and MRI measures of cortical gray matter change on longitudinal cognitive change.Results:Baseline episodic memory was related to cognitive decline independent of brain and demographic variables and moderated (weakened) the impact of gray matter change. Education moderated (strengthened) the gray matter change effect. Non-memory cognitive measures did not incrementally explain cognitive decline or moderate gray matter change effects.Conclusions:Episodic memory showed strong construct validity as a measure of cognitive reserve. Education effects on cognitive decline were dependent upon the rate of atrophy, indicating education effectively measures cognitive reserve only when atrophy rate is low. Results indicate that episodic memory has clinical utility as a predictor of future cognitive decline and better represents the neural basis of cognitive reserve than other cognitive abilities or static proxies like education.