bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Constrained neither physically nor morally”: Schiller, Aesthetic Freedom, and the Power of Play
Authors: Davis Karen E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The general conceit of Schiller’s aesthetic education is that our experiences with art and beauty set us free from internal and external constraints and allow us to embrace our full humanity as rational and sensuous beings. Experiencing the aesthetic, or the play impulse, puts one in a state of aesthetic determinacy—or rather indeterminacy—that Schiller calls the highest sense of freedom, aesthetic freedom. Gail K. Hart examines Anthony Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange as an example of what Schillerian aesthetic education might look like in practice. Though it represents a distortion of Schiller’s aesthetic education, Hart argues that it also reveals an ineradicable element of coercion in aesthetic education. I argue that Burgess’s Ludovico Technique leaves out a key element of Schiller’s conception of aesthetic cultivation—play—and that Hart’s analysis of Schiller’s work likewise lacks a robust analysis of his notion of play. I argue that, when Schiller’s account of the play impulse is taken seriously as a necessary condition for aesthetic cultivation to take place, coercion is by definition made impossible. Aesthetic play is accomplished by the mutual destruction of physical and moral determinations, and this mutual erasure leads to a higher and more expansive freedom. External constraints and coercion cannot induce the aesthetic state, so aesthetic education as Schiller presents it in On the Aesthetic Education of Man cannot contain the element of coercion Hart suspects.
The Horizonal Field of Improvised Musical Performance
Authors: McAuliffe Sam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen we think of improvised musical performance, we commonly think of musicians engaged in an activity that brings forth a musical event of some kind. This activity is both situated and situating—it occurs in a particular locale and the event itself situates the players who are literally located within that event. This paper explores how we might understand the spatio-temporal field in which improvising musicians are situated when they perform. To comprehend what I refer to as the “horizonal field” of improvised musical performance requires understanding the nature of listening and hearing, the materiality of sound, and the spatio-temporal qualities of the audible event itself. Considering each of these topics, this paper presents the “horizonal field” of improvised musical performance as a particular region bounded by silence.
Refinishing the Story: Transforming Stories of Life into Life Stories
Authors: Mould Tom 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSome of the most common stories shared by recipients of public assistance are “origin stories”: personal experience narratives that describe how people found themselves in need of help. In terms of the narrative event, these stories initially appear complete, meeting common criteria for defining narrative. But participants also narrate futures that provide an alternative ending to their origin stories and, in doing so, reframe, redefine, and “refinish” these stories. Analysis of these alternative endings reveal narrators to be both bricoleurs and cultural commentators, often referencing two well-established narratives in US culture: the cultural myth of the American Dream and the legend of “the welfare queen.” Further, the move to imagine the future encourages narrators to transform stories of their lives into more holistic life stories, revealing the life story as an emic genre of folklore.
Löfgren’s Syndrome
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Singh Shailendra 
Published: April 2021

Löfgren’s syndrome presents as acute sarcoid arthritis, with a triad of hilar adenopathy, acute polyarthritis and erythema nodosum. Löfgren’s syndrome is self-limited, erythema nodosum, hilar adenopathy and acute polyarthritis usually resolve within a few weeks to months, however polyarthritis can last for up to 2 years. Treatment involves symptomatic control with NSAIDs/colchicine or oral glucocorticoids until symptoms resolve, if disease is resistant to these therapies, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate or infliximab can be used. Löfgren’s syndrome is a rare presentation of sarcoidosis occurring in only about 5–10% of sarcoid patients. It is, however, important to recognize as it is the most common form of acute sarcoid arthritis and prompt treatment can prevent unnecessary prolonged discomfort for patients.
A new apterous rove beetle genus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Northern Andes with an assessment of its phylogenetic position
Authors: Chatzimanolis Stylianos , Brunke Adam J. 
Published: April 2021

A remarkable new apterous genus of Xanthopygina beetles is described here as Ikaros gen. nov. The new genus includes three new species, I. apteros gen. et sp. nov. from Colombia, I. paramo gen. et sp. nov. from Colombia and I. polygonos gen. et sp. nov. from Venezuela. Phylogenetic analyses using molecular and morphological data were performed to assess the phylogenetic position of Ikaros gen. nov. and whether the three new taxa formed a monophyletic group. All analyses, including those with aptery-associated characters removed, strongly supported the monophyly of Ikaros gen. nov. The genus could not be confidently resolved as a member of any of the existing genus-group lineages, likely due to a lack of morphological signal in the backbone of the tree. Further analyses, ideally with molecular data, are needed to determine the position of Ikaros gen. nov.
Internetifolkloor globaalse pandeemia ajal: COVID-19 Valgevene veebihuumoris
Authors:   Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia, Fiadotava Anastasiya ,   Centre of Excellence in Estonian Studies
Published: April 2021

During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic (February–July 2020) I collected 374 textual jokes, humorous images, and image macros related to the coronavirus from Belarusian social media, friends, and family members. Many of the examples in my dataset became local memes, circulating within and beyond the Belarusian mediascape. While the Belarusian government’s dismissive response to the pandemic was unique among the Eastern European nations, only 34 of my examples referred specifically to the situation in Belarus. Many more examples addressed such issues as living under a lockdown, compulsory mask wearing, and distant working and learning, even though these measures were not implemented in the country on a mass scale. This incongruity between people’s lived experience in Belarus and the content of humorous folklore circulating in the country illustrates the influence of global media coverage on vernacular humorous expressions. These vernacular expressions point to strong connections between the Belarusian mediascape and those of other countries, especially Russia, from where many of the examples originated. The paper also reflects a broader issue of globalization and digitalization of contemporary folklore, discusses the phenomenon of newslore and illustrates how some of the common characteristics of folklore can be applied to the digital forms of vernacular expression. The paper also looks at the balance between global and local in the online folklore.
Influence of sex and maturity state on trace elements content in liver and muscle of the SciaenidaeTotoaba macdonaldi
Authors: Méndez-Rodríguez Lia C. , Hernández-Aguilar Berenice , de Anda-Montañez Juan A. , Balart Eduardo F. , Román-Rodríguez Martha J. , Zenteno-Savín Tania 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe fishTotoaba macdonaldiis endemic to the Upper Gulf of California. Its migratory movements involve sites with high levels of trace elements in the environment that can accumulate in tissues. In this study, lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentrations in male and female totoaba liver and muscle were quantified at various sexual maturity stages along the species’ geographic distribution.MethodsGeneralized linear models were used to explore associations between trace element concentrations and season of the year, sex/maturity stage, and total fish length.ResultsNo detectable Pb concentrations were recorded in liver or muscle; Cu, Cd, Zn and Fe contents in totoaba liver and muscle were typical of fish inhabiting areas with no contamination issues and are within international maximum permissible levels for human consumption. Variations in the content of Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe in liver of totoaba seem to be more related to the feeding and reproductive physiology of this species than as result of environmental exposure. Results suggest that consumption of totoaba muscle does not pose a public health risk. Furthermore, depending on the sex/maturity stage of totoaba, this fish’s muscle may provide approximately 70% Cu, 60% Zn and 100% Fe of the recommended dietary reference intake.
spa diversity of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in clinical strains from Malaysia: a high prevalence of invasive European spa-type t032
Authors: Jones Sherry Usun , Chua Kek Heng , Chew Ching Hoong , Yeo Chew Chieng , Abdullah Fatimah Haslina , Othman Norlela , Kee Boon Pin , Puah Suat Moi 
Published: April 2021

Background
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important pathogens causing nosocomial infection. spa typing allows identification of S. aureus clones in hospital isolates and is useful for epidemiological studies and nosocomial infection control. This study aims to investigate the spa types in Malaysian S. aureus isolates obtained from various clinical specimens.

Method
A total of 89 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) [pus (n = 55), blood (n = 27), respiratory (n = 5), eye (n = 2)] isolates and 109 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) [pus (n = 79), blood (n = 24), respiratory (n = 3), eye (n = 2) and urine (n = 1)] isolates were subjected to spa typing with sequences analysed using BioNumerics version 7.

Results
The spa sequence was successfully amplified from 77.8% of the strains (154/198) and 47 known spa types were detected. The distribution of known spa types in MRSA (36.2%, 17/47) was less diverse than in MSSA (70.2%, 33/47). The most predominant spa types were t032 (50%) in MRSA, and t127 (19%) and t091 (16.7%) in MSSA, respectively. spa type t091 in MSSA was significantly associated with skin and soft tissue infections (p = 0.0199).

Conclusion
The previously uncommon spa type t032 was detected in the Malaysian MRSA strains, which also corresponded to the most common spa type in Europe and Australia, and has replaced the dominant spa type t037 which was reported in Malaysia in 2010.
Bioinformatic prediction of immunodominant regions in spike protein for early diagnosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Zhuang Siqi , Tang Lingli , Dai Yufeng , Feng Xiaojing , Fang Yiyuan , Tang Haoneng , Jiang Ping , Wu Xiang , Fang Hezhi , Chen Hongzhi 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundTo contain the pandemics caused by SARS-CoV-2, early detection approaches with high accuracy and accessibility are critical. Generating an antigen-capture based detection system would be an ideal strategy complementing the current methods based on nucleic acids and antibody detection. The spike protein is found on the outside of virus particles and appropriate for antigen detection.MethodsIn this study, we utilized bioinformatics approaches to explore the immunodominant fragments on spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.ResultsThe S1 subunit of spike protein was identified with higher sequence specificity. Three immunodominant fragments, Spike56-94, Spike199-264, and Spike577-612, located at the S1 subunit were finally selected via bioinformatics analysis. The glycosylation sites and high-frequency mutation sites on spike protein were circumvented in the antigen design. All the identified fragments present qualified antigenicity, hydrophilicity, and surface accessibility. A recombinant antigen with a length of 194 amino acids (aa) consisting of the selected immunodominant fragments as well as a universal Th epitope was finally constructed.ConclusionThe recombinant peptide encoded by the construct contains multiple immunodominant epitopes, which is expected to stimulate a strong immune response in mice and generate qualified antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
Physiological Behaviour and Yield Contribution of Oryza sativa Under Different Cultivation System in Boro Season
Authors: Islam Md. Shoriful , Hoque Md. Moinul , Ahamed Kamal Uddin , Bithy Parvin Akter , Ranu Sarmin Akter 
Published: April 2021

Aims: The objectives of the research work were to evaluate the physiological behaviour and yield contributing attributes of rice under different system of cultivation in boro season.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Central research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during November 2015 to May 2016.
Methodology: In this research we used three System of cultivation [T1: Low land transplant (anaerobic) condition; T2: Raised upland (aerobic) condition, and T3: Raised transplant (aerobic) condition] and five rice Varieties [V1: BRRI hybrid dhan3; V2:Bolaka; V3: Moina; V4: Gold and V5:BRRI dhan 45], where different morpho-physiological data was taken for evaluation their performance. The significance of the difference among the treatment means were estimated by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of probability [1].
Results: Among the different system of cultivation significant variation was observed on growth, yield and yield contributing parameters. All the studied hybrid varieties showed superiority in respect of physiological characters, yield and yield attributes in anaerobic condition over aerobic condition. BRRI hybrid dhan3 provided the highest grain yield (8.05 t ha-1) at low land transplant condition. BRRI hybrid dhan3 performed well due to yield attributes [amount of chlorophyll (2.47 mg g-1) in its flag leaves,leaf area index (4.25), shoot reserve translocation (34.97%), grain dry matter accumulated from current photosynthesis (85.87%) , higher filled grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight] than others varieties and the lowest (4.28 t ha-1) was obtained from BRRIdhan45 at raised transplant condition.
Conclusions: The results showed that Low land transplant condition with BRRI hybrid 3 showed the best performance regarding growth, yield and yield contributing characters of Boro rice varieties than others.
2D Core/Shell‐Structured Mesoporous Silicene@Silica for Targeted and Synergistic NIR‐II‐Induced Photothermal Ablation and Hypoxia‐Activated Chemotherapy of Tumors
Authors: Yin Haohao , Zhou Bangguo , Zhao Chongke , Sun Liping , Yue Wenwen , Li Xiaolong , Li Hongyan , Li Shaoyue , Xu Huixiong , Chen Yu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSilicene nanosheets, the emerging 2D nanomaterial, as the third topology of silicon‐composed materials with distinct physicochemical properties, is a desirable candidate for photothermal‐conversion nanoagent (PTA) and drug‐delivery nanosystems. Inspired by the individual physiochemical properties and structure features of mesoporous silica and 2D silicene, a distinctive 2D core/shell‐structured multifunctional silicon‐composed theranostic nanoplatform (Silicene@Silica) is constructed by coating a mesoporous silica layer onto the surface of 2D silicene nanosheets. The well‐defined mesopores originating from mesoporous silica shell provide the reservoirs for guest drug molecules and the core of silicene produces heat shock upon NIR‐II laser irradiation, aiming to induce the synergistic cancer‐therapeutic modality. Importantly, when AQ4N, hypoxia‐activated prodrug, is introduced into this system, this nanoplatform (Silicene@Silica–AQ4N) exhibits tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive and synergistic hyperthermia‐augmented therapeutic bioactivity. Such a nanoplatform can amplify the hypoxia of TME by destroying the tumor microcirculation and then further efficiently activate AQ4N, a DNA affinity agent and topoisomerase II inhibitor. The results reveal that this multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform can efficiently eliminate tumors without recurrence.
Chemical Insights into Interfacial Effects in Inorganic Nanomaterials
Authors: Hu Chengyi , Chen Ruihao , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe interfaces between inorganic functional nanomaterials and their surface modifiers play important roles in determining their chemical and physical properties. In numerous situations, interfaces created by organic ligands or secondary inorganic components on inorganic nanomaterials induce significant effects to promote their performances. However, it still remains challenging to understand those interfacial effects at the molecular level. Herein, strategies via the design of model inorganic nanomaterials with well‐defined and detectable interfaces to simplify the investigation of interfacial effects in inorganic nanomaterials are summarized. While atomically precise metal nanoclusters enable “seeing” how organic ligands are coordinated on metal surface to create nanoscale metal–organic interfaces, ultrathin low‐dimensional nanomaterials modified with organic ligands make it possible to extract the metal–organic interface structure from the average signal to investigate how steric and electronic effects enhance catalysis. The molecular mechanisms of the interfacial effects in supported metal catalysts are disclosed by designing two unique structures of supported catalysts. The interfacial engineering approach will be further extended to optimize the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. Finally, a perspective on the development of operando characterization techniques is provided to track the dynamic interfacial structures during catalysis.
Tunable Bulk Polymer Planar Bragg Gratings Electrified via Femtosecond Laser Reductive Sintering of CuO Nanoparticles
Authors: Kefer Stefan , Bischoff Kay , Roth Gian‐Luca , Haubner Julian , Schmauss Bernhard , Hellmann Ralf 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis contribution demonstrates and discusses electrically tunable polymer planar Bragg gratings based on bulk cyclic olefin copolymers. A lithographic single‐writing‐step method and femtosecond laser reductive sintering of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles are subsequently employed in order to generate buried photonic structures and copper conducting paths on top of the polymer substrate. This way, the necessary number of process steps for fabricating a planar polymer‐based electro‐optical device is greatly reduced. The response of a fully electrified grating structure follows temperature changes, induced by the copper conducting path, with sensitivities up to −31 pm K−1. Dilatometric measurements show that the specimen's behavior is correlated to the situationally reduced thermal expansion of the bulk polymer substrate. In consequence, the tuning response of the photonic platform follows a second order polynomial, whereas a direct current of 30 mA, which correlates to a power consumption of 18.3 mW, leads to a local temperature increase and a residual Bragg wavelength shift of 19.6 K and −547 pm, respectively. Moreover, the outstanding flexibility of the proposed fabrication concept is underlined by demonstrating alternative conducting path geometries, whereas one of the additional designs is adapted to control the spectral width of the Bragg grating's reflection peak.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on emergency medicine education: Insights from faculty and residents
Authors: Weygandt Paul L. , Jordan Jaime , Caretta‐Weyer Holly , Osborne Anwar , Grabow Moore Kristen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic continues to impact health systems across the United States and worldwide in an unprecedented way; however, its influence on frontline medical trainees’ educational experiences is unknown. Our objective was to determine the effects of COVID‐19 on emergency medicine (EM) training programs and residents.MethodsWe performed a mixed‐methods cross‐sectional survey study of faculty and residents at programs registered with Foundations of Emergency Medicine. Participants completed an online survey consisting of closed and open‐ended response items. We reported descriptive statistics for discrete and continuous data. Free‐response data were analyzed qualitatively using a thematic approach.ResultsNinety‐two percent of faculty (119/129) and 47% (1,965/4,154) of residents responded to our survey. We identified three major themes related to effects on learning: 1) impact on clinical training, 2) impact on didactic education, and 3) impact on the trainee. Nearly all residencies (96%, 111/116) allowed residents to work with patients suspected of having COVID‐19, although fewer (83%, 96/115) allowed residents to intubate them. We found that 99% (1918/1928) of residents experienced virtual didactics. Faculty and trainees noted multiple educational challenges and strategies for adaptation. Trainees also expressed concerns about stress and safety.ConclusionCOVID‐19 has impacted EM education in many ways including clinical training, didactic education, and trainee emotional state and concentration. Challenges and suggested solutions for learning in the virtual environment were also identified. While the pandemic continues to evolve and impact EM residents in various ways, our results may inform strategies to support medical educators and trainees during pandemics or other periods of significant disruption or crisis.
Incidence of mesothelioma and asbestosis by occupation in a diverse workforce
Authors: DeBono Nathan L. , Warden Hunter , Logar‐Henderson Chloë , Shakik Sharara , Dakouo Mamadou , MacLeod Jill , Demers Paul A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to characterize detailed patterns of mesothelioma and asbestosis incidence in the workforce as part of an occupational disease surveillance program in Ontario, Canada.MethodsThe Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) cohort was established using workers' compensation claims data and includes 2.18 million workers employed from 1983 to 2014. Workers were followed for mesothelioma and asbestosis diagnoses in Ontario Cancer Registry, physician, hospital, and ambulatory care records through 2016. Trends in incidence rates were estimated over the study period. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 854 mesothelioma and 737 asbestosis cases were diagnosed during follow‐up. Compared with all other workers in the ODSS, those employed in construction trades occupations had the greatest adjusted incidence rate of both mesothelioma (223 cases; HR, 2.38; 95% CI: 2.03–2.78) and asbestosis (261 cases; HR, 3.64; 95% CI: 3.11–4.25). Rates were particularly elevated for insulators, pipefitters and plumbers, and carpenters. Workers in welding and flame cutting, boiler making, and mechanic and machinery repair occupations, as well as those in industrial chemical and primary metal manufacturing industries, had strongly elevated rates of both diseases. Rates were greater than anticipated for workers in electrical utility occupations and education and related services.ConclusionsResults substantiate the risk of mesothelioma and asbestosis in occupation and industry groups in the Ontario workforce with known or suspected asbestos exposure. Sustained efforts to prevent the occurrence of additional cases of disease in high‐risk groups are warranted.