bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer-Net SCa: Tailored Deep Neural Network Designs for Detection of Skin Cancer from Dermoscopy Images
Authors: Lee James Ren Hou , Pavlova Maya , Famouri Mahmoud , Wong Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Skin cancer continues to be the most frequently diagnosed form of cancer in the U.S., with not only significant effects on health and well-being but also significant economic costs associated with treatment. A crucial step to the treatment and management of skin cancer is effective early detection with key screening approaches such as dermoscopy examinations, leading to stronger recovery prognoses. Motivated by the advances of deep learning and inspired by the open source initiatives in the research community, in this study we introduce Cancer-Net SCa, a suite of deep neural network designs tailored for the detection of skin cancer from dermoscopy images that is open source and available to the general public. To the best of the authors' knowledge, Cancer-Net SCa comprises the first machine-driven design of deep neural network architectures tailored specifically for skin cancer detection, one of which leverages attention condensers for an efficient self-attention design.Results: We investigate and audit the behaviour of Cancer-Net SCa in a responsible and transparent manner through explainability-driven performance validation. All the proposed designs achieved improved accuracy when compared to the ResNet-50 architecture while also achieving significantly reduced architectural and computational complexity. In addition, when evaluating the decision making process of the networks, it can be seen that diagnostically relevant critical factors are leveraged rather than irrelevant visual indicators and imaging artifacts. Conclusion: The proposed Cancer-Net SCa designs achieve strong skin cancer detection performance on the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) dataset, while providing a strong balance between computation and architectural efficiency and accuracy. While Cancer-Net SCa is not a production-ready screening solution, the hope is that the release of Cancer-Net SCa in open source, open access form will encourage researchers, clinicians, and citizen data scientists alike to leverage and build upon them.
Comprehensive Analysis of Expression Profile and Prognostic Significance of Interferon Regulatory Factors in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhang Ke , Xu Pan-Ling , Li Yu-Jie , Dong Shu , Gao Hui-Feng , Chen Lian-Yu , Chen Hao , Chen Zhen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal disease and an increasing cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play vital roles in immune response and tumor cellular biological process. However, the specific functions of IRFs in PC and tumor immune response are far from systematically clarified. This study aimed to explorer the expression profile, prognostic significance, and biological function of IRFs in PC.Results: We observed that the level of IRF3, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were elevated in tumor compared to normal tissues in PC. IRF7 expression was significantly associated with patients’ pathology stage in PC. PC patients with high IRF2, low IRF3, and high IRF6 level had significantly poorer overall survival. High mRNA expression, amplification and deep deletion were the three most common types of genetic alterations of IRFs in PC. Low expression of IRF2, 4, 5, and 8 was resistant to most of the drugs or small molecules from Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer. Moreover, IRFs were positively correlated with the abundance of tumor infiltrating immune cells in PC, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, Neutrophil, and Dendritic cells. Functional analysis indicated that IRFs were involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway, immune response and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Conclusions: Our results indicated that certain IRFs could serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarker for PC patients. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to validate our findings and generalize the clinical application of IRFs in PC.
High Summer Temperatures Have No Role in Breaking Physical Dormancy Among Seeds of Fireprone Cistaceae: A Reinterpretation of Luna (2020)
Authors: Lamont Byron B. , Burrows Geoffrey E. , Korczynskyj Dylan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In a unique study, Luna (2020) examined the viability and germination of 12 hard-seeded Cistaceae in the Mediterranean Basin by alternating a prolonged summer-type-temperature (50/20°C at 12 h cycles) treatment with a fire-type heat pulse. A re-analysis of their data shows that the summer treatment applied before the heat pulse was superfluous as similar high levels of germination under ambient conditions were attained with the heat pulse only. The abundance of hard seeds remaining when the summer treatment was applied after the heat pulse is better explained by ungerminated seeds having become hard again rather than not responding, i.e., showing secondary physical dormancy, and thus became ‘desensitized’ to their environment. While this response is adaptive, such a retarding effect will be limited in practice as most fires are expected in autumn, at least historically, and are thus close to the start of optimal winter conditions for germination. Future studies should concentrate on the fate of the water-gap plug during such alternating treatments and also ensure that realistic summer temperature regimes are used.
Relationship between type of hand hygiene method and incidence of skin problems during Covid-19 pandemic in Ahvaz; Iran
Authors: Afshari Poorandokht , Mohammadi Mohammad Javad , Nasab Maryam Beheshti , Maraghi Elham , Cheraghi Maria 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, there was a increase in human activities in relation to hygiene, especially hand hygiene. The purpose of this study was to investigation the, hand hygiene among volunteers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ahvaz, southwest Iran during 2020. Methods: Data validation was performed using WHO criteria. A web-based prospective cross-sectional descriptive study which conducted during 2020 in Ahvaz city, southwest Iran. The data collection was based on completion of the volunteer questionnaire. In our study, WhatsApp software was used. Results: The number of participants in our study were 1000 persons. Based on result this study, the mean ages (mean ± SD) participants were 32.84±10.74 years for women and 33.06±11.08 years for men. According finding this study, there was no relationship between age of participants and hand-skin’s health scores (p>0.05).Conclusions: It was concluded that during the COVID-19 pandemic all the assessed hand hygiene behaviors of Iranian were improved, compared with those before, but hand hygiene education is still necessary.Therefore, the results of this study may be useful for health policymaker in order to cope with the emerging disease.
Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of familial spontaneous pneumothorax in China
Authors: Feng Yong , Li Yi-Shuai , Wei Wei , Chen Liang , Li Meng , Li Xiao-Mei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Familial spontaneous pneumothorax (FSP) is a hereditary disease, and Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is its main cause. FSP is an autosomal dominant genetic disease related to folliculin (FLCN). The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and possible causes of FSP in China compared with those of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). We reviewed the detailed clinical data of 8 FSP patients in a family and analyzed the clinical characteristics of FSP combined with literatures. The FLCN gene of these 8 FSP patients was sequenced by the next-generation sequencing technology (NGS). The results showed that the clinical features of FSP were significantly different from those of PSP: the incidence of pneumothorax in women is significantly higher, and the age of pneumothorax is later, most of them are two generations, which may be related to heredity. And the effect of surgical treatment is the best. Novel nonsense mutation was found in the 8 patients, and the 8 patients had the same mutation, thus demonstrating the diversity of mutation spots along the gene. Therefore, the FLCN gene screening and early surgical intervention is recommended for FSP patients.
Assessing functional reorganization in visual cortex with simulated retinal lesions
Authors: Brown Holly D. H. , Gouws André D. , Vernon Richard J. W. , Lawrence Samuel J. D. , Donnelly Gemma , Gill Lorraine , Gale Richard P. , Baseler Heidi A. , Morland Antony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Macular degeneration (MD) causes central vision loss, removing input to corresponding representations in the primary visual cortex. There is disagreement concerning whether the cortical regions deprived of input can remain responsive, and the source of reported cortical responses is still debated. To simulate MD in controls, normally sighted participants viewed a bright central disk to adapt the retina, creating a transient ‘retinal lesion’ during a functional MRI experiment. Participants viewed blocks of faces, scrambled faces and uniform gray stimuli, either passively or whilst performing a one-back task. To assess the impact of the simulated lesion, participants repeated the paradigm using a more conventional mean luminance simulated scotoma without adaptation. Our results suggest our attempt to create a more realistic simulation of a lesion did not impact on responses in the representation of the simulated lesion. While most participants showed no evidence of stimulus-driven activation within the lesion representation, a few individuals (22%) exhibited responses similar to a participant with juvenile MD who completed the same paradigm (without adaptation). Reliability analysis showed that responses in the representation of the lesion were generally consistent irrespective of whether positive or negative. We provide some evidence that peripheral visual stimulation can also produce responses in central representations in controls while performing a task. This suggests that the ‘signature of reorganization of visual processing’, is not found solely in patients with retinal lesions, consistent with the idea that activity may be driven by unmasked top-down feedback.
Impact of Sodium Bicarbonate on Blood Lactate and Psychometric Dimensions of Fatigue
Authors: Webb Heather E. , Garrett Christopher , Boham Mikaela D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on blood lactate (BLa) and psychometric dimensions of fatigue in response to exercise.
Methods

Twelve recreationally active subjects (age 22.25 ± 2.70 years) performed three (one control and two supplemented) sessions of a 20-minute progressive exercise routine. Subjects completed the control condition during session one, and in the two subsequent sessions, subjects were randomly provided a beverage with either a 0.15g•kg− 1 body weight NaHCO3 or a placebo of 0.30g•kg− 1 body weight calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in a double-blind manner. Measurements of BLa, heart rate (HR), state anxiety (SAI), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and perceived mood states (POMS) were measured prior to and during the exercise protocol, and then immediately post-exercise.
Results

BLa levels were significantly different [F(8,88) = 2.04, p < .05] between the three conditions. Further, BLa [F(4,44) = 41.25, p < .05], HR [F(4,32) = 182.16, p < .05], and RPE [F(4,44) = 140.13, p < .05] increased significantly as exercise progressed, with BLa [F(2,22) = 5.55, p < .05 ] and RPE [F(2,22) = 4.09, p < .05] changing differently between conditions. SAI responses showed no change from to pre-to post-measures, but a significant difference was seen between the conditions [F(2, 22) = 3.84, p = .05], with differences between the placebo and NaHCO3, but not the control. Only the POMS subscale of vigor was different between conditions [F(2, 22) = 7.69, p = .003], while the subscales of tension [F(1, 11) = 6.59, p = .03], anger [F(1, 11) = 9.81, p = .01], and confusion [F(1, 11) = 7.21, p = .02] changed across time.
Conclusions

Both BLa and RPE were greatest in the control condition compared to the placebo and NaHCO3 conditions, with no differences being seen between the control and NaHCO3 conditions for RPE, and between the placebo and NaHCO3 conditions for BLa. Using either NaHCO3 or CaCO3 appears to provide benefits by blunting BLa production during progressively intensive exercise, but differences in psychometric values suggest that other psychophysiological factors may impact perceptions of effort.
PMT-Gesetz: Verfahren und Zweckerreichung
Authors: Mohler Markus 
Published: May 2021

Nach Darlegungen, dass keine verfassungsmässige Bundeskompetenz zum Erlass des Gesetzes in Bezug auf das BWIS besteht und wesentliche Begriffe im ergänzten BWIS mit der BV und der EMRK nicht übereinstimmen, wird nun gezeigt, dass verfahrensrechtlich ein Durcheinander besteht und unverzichtbare Verfahrensvorschriften fehlen, was beides zu unhaltbaren rechtlichen Konsequenzen führt. Schliessich wird belegt, dass die festgelegten Massnahmen einen terroristischen Anschlag nicht zu verhindern vermögen, was der Zweck der Novelle ist.
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Après avoir démontré que la Confédération ne dispose pas de la compétence constitutionnelle nécessaire pour mettre en œuvre les mesures de police et de sécurité édictées dans la LMSI, et que certains termes essentiels de la loi modifiée ne sont conformes ni à la Cst. ni à la CEDH, l’auteur explique qu’une certaine confusion subsiste encore sur le plan procédural. De plus, plusieurs dispositions indispensables font défaut entraînant ainsi des conséquences juridiques insoutenables. En outre, l’auteur soutient que ces mesures ne permettent pas de prévenir efficacement une attaque terroriste, ce qui constitue pourtant le but principal de la LMSI.
The Effect of Bevacizumab on Vestibular Schwannoma Related to Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Authors: Ardern-Holmes Simone , White Cassandra , Bahure Sarita , So Simon , McCowage Geoff , Hovey Elizabeth , Troon Simon , De Souza Paul , Simes John , Slancar Michael , Dexter Mark , Wong Mark 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction: We describe an Australian experience of infusional bevacizumab for vestibular schwannoma (VS) in neurofibromatosis type 2 patients, with specific focus on 3-dimensional tumour volume and audiometry.

Method: Data was pooled from patients with symptomatic or progressive VS from 2009 to April 2018. Tumours were assessed as total volume per patient. Bevacizumab infusions were administered every 2-4 weeks. 3-D volumetric response (cm3) was determined through serial magnetic resonance imaging, at baseline and at 3-6-month intervals, until cessation of infusions following progression or prior to surgery. Volumetric response was defined as a reduction of volume ³ 20%, from baseline. Patients underwent interval pure tone audiometry. A decrease in the average pure tone analyses by 10dB indicated response.

Results: Twenty-one VS tumours were identified in eleven patients. Median age was 26 (range 13 – 67yr). Average baseline tumour volume was 14.17cm3 (range 1.45cm3 - 38.51cm3). Tumour volume reduction >20% was shown in 7/11 patients (64%), indicating partial response, 2/11 (18%) patients showed stable disease, and 2/11 (18%) progressed. Average percentage tumour volume change was +4.45% from baseline (range -57% to 241%). 16 individual ears were tested, 3/16 (19%) of ears showed an average decibel reduction of 10dB or more, indicating response (average change 2.5dB, range -36dB to 81dB). 10/16 (63%) showed stable hearing, and 3/16 (19%) showed hearing deterioration.

Conclusion: Bevacizumab is a useful agent for reducing tumour volume and improving hearing losses due to vestibular schwannoma in neurofibromatosis type 2 patients. These results reflect results described from the United Kingdom and United States.
The Anti-osteoporosis Effects of Vitamin K in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Liu Yuan , He Yuan , He Baorong , Kong Lingbo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract::
As a common systemically muscular-skeleton disorder of aging, osteoporosisis is characterized
by the uninterrupted deconstruction in osseous microarchitecture. Osteoporosis can consequently
lead to a significantly high risk of osteoporotic fractures, such as osteoporotic vertebral
compressive fractures [OVCF] in the spine and osteoporotic femoral neck fractures in the hip joint,
which can significantly increase the numbers of mortality and morbidity in elderly people, especially
in postmenopausal women. In addition, vitamin K has been demonstrated to play a key role in inhibiting
osteoporotic fractures among postmenopausal women, but its long-term benefits, potential
harms, and side effects of the combination between vitamin K and other anti-osteoporosis
medicines, such as bisphosphonates or teriparatide still remain to be extensively studied.Therefore,
the present study aimed to systematically reviewed previously published literature on the role of vitamin
K in the treatment of osteoporosis.We currently, via multiple query strategies, searched the
relevant literature in Cochrane and PubMed from January 2010 to December 2019. Subsequently,
we conducted the systematic review according to the standard guideline of Preferred Reporting
Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses [PRISMA]. Finally, ten relevant studies met our
current criteria for inclusion; subsequently, we followed the PRISMA guideline, then systematically
reviewed each study by categorizing the data sources and analytical approaches in each study,
while setting up variables and defining each study's outcomes.
A Mobile App for Self-Triage for Pediatric Emergency Patients in Japan: 4 Year Descriptive Epidemiological Study
Authors: Katayama Yusuke , Kiyohara Kosuke , Hirose Tomoya , Matsuyama Tasuku , Ishida Kenichiro , Nakao Shunichiro , Tachino Jotaro , Ojima Masahiro , Noda Tomohiro , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Hayashida Sumito , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Mizobata Yasumitsu , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: May 2021

Background
When children suffer sudden illness or injury, many parents wonder whether they should go to the hospital immediately or call an ambulance. In 2015, we developed a mobile app that allows parents or guardians to determine the urgency of their child’s condition or call an ambulance and that indicates available hospitals and clinics when their child is suddenly sick or injured by simple selection of the child’s chief complaints and symptoms. However, the effectiveness of medical apps used by the general public has not been well evaluated.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to clarify the use profile of this mobile app based on data usage in the app.

Methods
This study was a descriptive epidemiological study with a 4-year study period running from January 2016 to December 2019. We included cases in which the app was used either by the children themselves or by their parents and other guardians. Cases in which the app was downloaded but never actually used were excluded from this study. Continuous variables are presented as median and IQR, and categorical variables are presented as actual number and percentages.

Results
The app was used during the study period for 59,375 children whose median age was 1 year (IQR 0-3 years). The app was used for 33,874 (57.05%) infants, 16,228 (27.33%) toddlers, 8102 (13.65%) elementary school students, and 1117 (1.88%) junior high school students, with 54 (0.09%) having an unknown status. Furthermore, 31,519 (53.08%) were male and 27,329 (46.03%) were female, with sex being unknown for 527 (0.89%) children. “Sickness” was chosen for 49,101 (78.51%) patients, and “injury, poisoning, foreign, substances and others” was chosen for 13,441 (21.49%). For “sickness,” “fever” was the most commonly selected option (22,773, 36.41%), followed by “cough” (4054, 6.48%), and “nausea/vomiting” (3528, 5.64%), whereas for “injury, poisoning, foreign substances and others,” “head and neck injury” was the most commonly selected option (3887, 6.22%), followed by “face and extremities injury” (1493, 2.39%) and “injury and foreign substances in eyes” (1255, 2.01%).

Conclusions
This study clarified the profile of use of a self-triage app for pediatric emergency patients in Japan.
Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Features of COVID-19 in a Cohort of Patients: Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Qaisieh Rami , Al-Tamimi Mohammad , El-Hammuri Naser , Shalabi Marwan , Kilani Muna M , Taha Hana , Al-Muhtaseb Abdallah , Alfarrajin Ibrahim , Abu Shaqra Marwan , Hamdan Almothana 
Published: May 2021

Background
The clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of COVID-19 disease are variable. Multiple factors can affect the disease progression and outcome.

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of COVID-19 in Jordan.

Methods
Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected for 557 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to Prince Hamzah Hospital (PHH), Jordan. Analysis was performed using appropriate statistical tests with SPSS version 24.

Results
Of the 557 COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive cases admitted to PHH, the mean age was 34.4 years (SD 18.95 years; range 5 weeks to 87 years), 86.0% (479/557) were male, 41% (29/70) were blood group A+, and 57.1% (93/163) were overweight or obese. Significant past medical history was documented in 25.9% (144/557), significant surgical history in 12.6% (70/557), current smoking in 14.9% (83/557), and pregnancy in 0.5% (3/557). The mean duration of hospitalization was 16.4 (SD 9.3; range 5 to 70) days; 52.6% (293/557) were asymptomatic, and 12.9% (72/557) had more than 5 symptoms, with generalized malaise and dry cough the most common symptoms. Only 2.5% (14/557) had a respiratory rate over 25 breaths/minute, and 1.8% (10/557) had an oxygen saturation below 85%. Laboratory investigations showed a wide range of abnormalities, with lymphocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and D-dimer the most common abnormalities. Ground glass opacity was the most common imaging finding. Men had a significantly higher frequency of symptoms, incidence of smoking, reduced hemoglobin, increased monocyte %, elevated creatinine levels, and intensive care unit admissions compared with women (P<.05). Hospitalization duration was associated with increased age, male gender, symptom score, history of smoking, elevated systolic blood pressure, elevated respiratory rate, and elevated monocyte %, CRP, ESR, creatinine, and D-dimer (P<.05).

Conclusions
Most COVID-19 cases admitted to PHH were asymptomatic. Variabilities in symptoms, signs, laboratory results, and imaging findings should be noted. Increased age, male gender, smoking history, and elevated inflammatory markers were significantly associated with longer duration of hospitalization.
Harmonic analysis of the albedo and longwave outgoing radiation field in the system earth-atmosphere
Authors: Kärner O. Y. , Avaste O. A. 
Published: May 2021

Se han utilizado para análisis armónico bidimensional los valores medios mensuales del albedo y de la radiación de onda larga emitida del sistema Tierra-Atmósfera. Las coordenadas son la latitud geográfica y el tiempo. Usando una malla de 2.so se determinaron los coeficientes armónicos para 71 zonas latitudinales. Los datos primarios utilizados son tres años de mediciones de satélites NOAA (Julio 1974 - junio 1977). Los resultados de los cálculos se analizaron agrupando los armónicos de la manera siguiente: dos grupos representando variabilidad espacio temporal independiente y un tercer grupo que tiene en cuenta esta variabilidad espacio temporal. El peso de los diferentes armónicos y grupos se estimó en términos de valores zonales anuales de la variación y las diferencias anuales en las amplitudes y fases de las armónicas.