bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in 2D Superconductors
Authors: Qiu Dong , Gong Chuanhui , Wang SiShuang , Zhang Miao , Yang Chao , Wang Xianfu , Xiong Jie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe emergence of superconductivity in 2D materials has attracted much attention and there has been rapid development in recent years because of their fruitful physical properties, such as high transition temperature (Tc), continuous phase transition, and enhanced parallel critical magnetic field (Bc). Tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring different physical parameters to figure out the mechanisms behind the unexpected superconductivity phenomena, including adjusting the thickness of samples, fabricating various heterostructures, tuning the carrier density by electric field and chemical doping, and so on. Here, different types of 2D superconductivity with their unique characteristics are introduced, including the conventional Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superconductivity in ultrathin films, high‐Tc superconductivity in Fe‐based and Cu‐based 2D superconductors, unconventional superconductivity in newly discovered twist‐angle bilayer graphene, superconductivity with enhanced Bc, and topological superconductivity. A perspective toward this field is then proposed based on academic knowledge from the recently reported literature. The aim is to provide researchers with a clear and comprehensive understanding about the newly developed 2D superconductivity and promote the development of this field much further.
A Microfluidic Multisize Spheroid Array for Multiparametric Screening of Anticancer Drugs and Blood–Brain Barrier Transport Properties
Authors: Eilenberger Christoph , Rothbauer Mario , Selinger Florian , Gerhartl Anna , Jordan Christian , Harasek Michael , Schädl Barbara , Grillari Johannes , Weghuber Julian , Neuhaus Winfried , Küpcü Seta , Ertl Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhysiological‐relevant in vitro tissue models with their promise of better predictability have the potential to improve drug screening outcomes in preclinical studies. Despite the advances of spheroid models in pharmaceutical screening applications, variations in spheroid size and consequential altered cell responses often lead to nonreproducible and unpredictable results. Here, a microfluidic multisize spheroid array is established and characterized using liver, lung, colon, and skin cells as well as a triple‐culture model of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) to assess the effects of spheroid size on (a) anticancer drug toxicity and (b) compound penetration across an advanced BBB model. The reproducible on‐chip generation of 360 spheroids of five dimensions on a well‐plate format using an integrated microlens technology is demonstrated. While spheroid size‐related IC50 values vary up to 160% using the anticancer drugs cisplatin (CIS) or doxorubicin (DOX), reduced CIS:DOX drug dose combinations eliminate all lung microtumors independent of their sizes. A further application includes optimizing cell seeding ratios and size‐dependent compound uptake studies in a perfused BBB model. Generally, smaller BBB‐spheroids reveal an 80% higher compound penetration than larger spheroids while verifying the BBB opening effect of mannitol and a spheroid size‐related modulation on paracellular transport properties.
Insights into Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Cathode Materials with High Capacity: from Dimension to Lattice to Atom
Authors: Cui Shao‐Lun , Gao Ming‐Yue , Li Guo‐Ran , Gao Xue‐Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLi‐rich Mn‐based layered oxides are regarded as the most promising cathode materials for advanced lithium‐ion batteries with energy density as high as 400 Wh kg−1. However, decline of capacity and discharge potential derived from phase transformation during cycling is still an obstacle for practical utilization of Li‐rich cathode materials. Undoubtedly, an in‐depth understanding origin and evolution of the phase transformation from bottom to top is crucial to solve the problem finally. Herein, the recent representative progress on Li‐rich cathode materials from top to bottom is summarized: starting from relationship between dimensions and performance, to evolution of phase transformation, finally to participation of anions during charge–discharge cycling. It systematically shows what happens in the different microscopic levels and how these phenomena relate to cycling of Li‐rich cathode materials with the help of emerging state‐of‐the‐art characterization techniques. On the basis of this progress, it is proposed that rational structural design can fully play its role to build high‐performance energy storage materials and enhance structural stability.
Crop rotation, cover crop, and poultry litter effects on no‐tillage cotton profitability
Authors: Zhou Xia Vivian , Larson James A. , Sykes Virginia R. , Ashworth Amanda J , Allen Fred L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCrop rotations, cover crops, and manures may enhance yields, improve soils, and provide other ecosystem services. However, farmers may be reluctant to adopt the aforementioned practices because of uncertain profits. This study determined the profitability of cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) rotated with other crops and also utilizing cover crops and poultry litter (PL). Whole‐block treatments were 10 sequences of no‐tillage cotton, corn (Zea maysL.), and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] at Milan, TN. Sequences were repeated in 4‐yr cycles called Phases (Phases I, II, III, and IV) starting in 2002 and continuing through 2017 to assess effects of consecutive applications of sequences on cotton net returns (NRs). Split‐block treatments included winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosaL.), PL, and fallow. The ANOVA was used to determine treatment NR differences compared to continuous cotton and fallow for 2002–2017 and for each Phase. Including soybean and corn in rotation with cotton did not positively affect cotton NRs in Phases I, II, and III. Droughts may explain lack of yield and NR response in Phases II and III. However, including soybean and corn in the rotation provided higher cotton NRs in Phase IV (2014–2017). Better weather and improved soils with residue diversity in Phase IV may explain higher yields and NRs of cotton in rotation with other crops. For cover crops and PL, yield benefits and/or N fertilizer savings did not offset input costs, indicating monetary incentives may be needed for famers to include these practices in their cropping system.
Factors that increase risk for poor adherence to phenylketonuria treatment in Brazilian patients
Authors: Teruya Katia Irie , Remor Eduardo , Schwartz Ida Vanessa Doederlein 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeurotoxic effects caused by high phenylalanine (Phe) in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) can be avoided through dietary treatment. However, achieving the recommended Phe levels has been a challenge. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with adherence to PKU treatment among patients followed at a medical genetics public service in southern Brazil. Twenty‐nine patients (early diagnosed, n = 20; late‐diagnosed, n = 9) with classical (n = 16) or mild PKU (n = 13) aged 6–34 years (16.4 ± 7.5) and 16 caregivers were included. Blood Phe levels were recorded, and assessment tools measuring barriers to treatment, IQ, knowledge about disease, treatment, and perceived adherence were collected. Classical PKU patients showed higher current blood Phe levels than mild PKU patients (U = 37.000, p = 0.003). Lifetime and childhood Phe levels were associated with recent metabolic control (τ = 0.76, p = 0.000; τ = 0.70, p = 0.000, respectively). The perception of barriers to treatment was associated with a higher blood Phe level (τ = 0.39, p = 0.003). Tolerance to Phe, metabolic control throughout childhood, and perceived difficulty in living with demands of treatment are important factors of greater vulnerability to poor adherence in PKU patients.
How are gender inequality and violence against women related? Findings from a population‐level community attitudes survey
Authors: Webster Kim , Ward Andrew , Diemer Kristin , Flood Michael , Honey Nikki , Morgan Jenny , Politoff Violeta , Powell Anastasia , Stubbs Julie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLow support for gender equality (GE) predicts attitudes supporting violence against women (VAW). However, little is known about the influence of attitudes toward different manifestations of GE. This study extends knowledge by assessing the relative strength of attitudes to GE across seven theoretically derived dimensions, and their association with attitudes toward VAW. 17,542 Australians participated in the 2017 National Community Attitudes Towards Violence Against Women Survey. Population means were calculated for the following scales formed from survey questions: the Community Attitudes Supportive of Violence Against Women Scale (CASVAWS), the Gender Equality Attitudes Scale (GEAS) and measures within the GEAS representing the theoretical dimensions. There was variation in support for GE between the measures. The lower the support for GE, the higher the support for VAW. Although all GEAS measures included in regression modelling contributed to variance in the CASVAWS, two accounted for more than half. The study suggests benefits in using a multidimensional model of GE to mitigate cultural support for VAW, with emphasis on the private sphere and countering hostility toward women and rigid gender roles and identities.
Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign in large cerebral infarction
Authors: Hou Jie , Sun Yu , Duan Yang , Zhang Libo , Xing Dengxiang , Lee Xiaoqiu , Yang Benqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate if the hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) is an imaging biomarker for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and the functional outcome of patients with large cerebral infarctions without thrombolytic therapy.Materials and MethodsThe clinical and imaging data of 312 patients with large cerebral infarction without thrombolytic therapy were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into patients who presented with HMCAS (n = 121) and those who did not (non‐HMCAS[n = 168] patients), and the clinical data of the 2 groups were compared. This was a retrospective study.ResultsOf the 289 patients, 83(28.7%) developed HT. The incidence of atrial fibrillation, high homocysteine and admission NIHSS score at the time of admission was significantly higher in the HMCAS patients than in non‐HMCAS patients (p < .05). The ASPECTS was significantly lower in HMCAS patients (t = −5.835, p < .001). The incidence of PH‐2 and 3‐month mRS score was also statistically significant higher in HMCAS patients (χ2 = 3.971, p = .046; χ2 = 5.653, p < .001, respectively). A sub‐analysis showed HMCAS patients with HT were significantly older than non‐HMCAS patients with HT (t = 2.473, p = .015). The incidence of atrial fibrillation and the 3‐month mortality rate were higher in HMCAS patients with HT than in non‐HMCAS patients with HT (χ2 = 3.944, p = .047; χ2 = 6.043, p = .014, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed HT was independently associated with HMCAS (adjusted OR/95% CI/p = 2.762/1.571–4.854/p < .001) and admission NIHSS score (adjusted OR/95% CI/p = 1.081/1.026–1.139/0.003). And HMCAS with HT was independently associated with length of HMCAS (adjusted OR/95% CI/p = 1.216/1.076–1.374/0.002).ConclusionsHMCAS in patients with a large cerebral infarction without thrombolytic therapy is an independent biomarker of HT. Length of HMCAS is also a marker of HT with lower ASPECTS in HMCAS patients.
The gray zone of thyroid nodules: Using a nomogram to provide malignancy risk assessment and guide patient management
Authors: Yousefi Elham , Sura Gloria H. , Somma Jonathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThyroid nodules have a low prevalence of malignancy and most proven cancers do not behave aggressively. Thus, risk‐stratification of nodules is a critical step to avoid surgical overtreatment. We hypothesized that a risk management system superior to those currently in use could be created to reduce the number of clinically indeterminate nodules (i.e., the “gray zone”) by concurrently considering the malignancy risks conferred by clinical, ultrasonographic, and cytologic variables.MethodsThyroidectomy cases were reviewed from three institutions. Their benign versus malignant outcome was used to evaluate the variables for correlation. A binary logistic regression model was trained and, using indeterminate nodules with Bethesda III and IV results, validated. A scoring nomogram was designed to demonstrate the application of the model in clinical practice.ResultsOne hundred thirty thyroidectomies (28% malignant) met inclusion criteria. The final logistic regression model included difficulty in swallowing, hypothyroidism, echogenicity, hypervascularity, margins, calcification, and cytology diagnosis as input parameters. The model was highly successful in determining the outcome (p value: 0.001) with a R2(Nagelkerke) score of 0.93. The area under the curve as determined by receiver operating characteristics was 0.91. The accuracy of the model on the training dataset was 93% (sensitivity and specificity 92% and 96%, respectively) and, on the validation dataset, 80% (sensitivity and specificity 91% and 67%, respectively).ConclusionsWe report a model for risk assessment of thyroid nodules that has the potential to significantly reduce indeterminates and surgical overtreatment. We illustrate its application via a straightforward nomogram, which integrates clinical, ultrasonographic, and cytologic data, and can be used to create clear, evidence‐based management plans for patients.
Zero contrast optical coherence tomography‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Liu Zheng‐Yu , Yin Zi‐hui , Liang Cheng‐Yang , He Jing , Wang Chang‐Lu , Peng Xiang , Zhang Yu , Zheng Zhao‐Fen , Pan Hong‐Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate a strategy for ultra‐low volume contrast percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the aims of preserving renal function and observing the 90‐day clinical endpoint in patients with non‐ST‐elevated myocardial infarction (non‐STEMI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).BackgroundThe feasibility, safety, and clinical utility of PCI with ultra‐low radio‐contrast medium in patients with non‐STEMI and CKD are unknown.MethodsA total of 29 patients with non‐STEMI and CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] of ≤60 ml/min/1.73 m2) were included. Ultra‐low volume contrast PCI was performed after minimal contrast coronary angiography using zero contrast optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance. Pre‐ and post‐PCI angiographic measurements were performed using quantitative flow ratio (QFR) for pre‐perfusion assessment and verifying improvement.ResultsThe median creatinine level was 2.1 (inter‐quartile range 1.8–3.3), and mean eGFR was 48 ± 8 ml/min/1.73 m2 pre‐PCI. During the PCI procedure, OCT revealed 15 (52%) cases of abnormalities post‐dilation. There was no significant change in the creatinine level and eGFR in the short‐ or long‐term, and no major adverse events were observed.ConclusionIn non‐STEMI patients with high‐risk CKD who require revascularization, QFR and no contrast OCT‐guided ultra‐low contrast PCI may be performed safely without major adverse events.
Electrochemical Selective Oxidative Synthesis of Diversified Sulfur Heterocycles from β‐Ketothioamides
Authors: Wen Li‐Rong , Wang Ning‐Ning , Du Wu‐Bo , Zhu Ming‐Zhe , Pan Chao , Zhang Lin‐Bao , Li Ming 
Published: March 2021

Main observation and conclusionA general and practical protocol for the construction of diversified sulfur heterocycles has been described through organic electrosynthesis means. In undivided cell, dihydrothiophenes, thiazolines and 1,4‐dithiines could be easily generated from various available β‐ketothioamides under metal‐free and external oxidant‐free conditions. The transformation underwent smoothly under mild conditions and could be easily scaled‐up. Moreover, different sulfur heterocycles were generated through varying solvent and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) could enable the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process of this transformation.
Halogen Bonding of Organoiodines and Triiodide Anions in (NMe3Ph)+ Salts
Authors: Peloquin Andrew J. , Kobra Khadijatul , Li Yuxuan , McMillen Colin D. , Pennington William T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo study the role of the triiodide (I3)− anion in establishing various halogen bonding patterns, the trimethylphenylammonium iodide (NMe3PhI) salt was reacted with diiodine (I2) in the presence of a series of organoiodines, tetraiodoethylene (TIE), 1,2‐diiodo‐3,4,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzene (o‐F4DIB), 1,4‐diiodo‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzene (p‐F4DIB), and 1,3,5‐trifluoro‐2,4,6‐triiodobenzene (1,3,5‐F3I3B) to form cocrystals of the organoiodines with the trimethylphenylammonium triiodide (NMe3PhI3) salt. Single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography revealed the (I3)− anion served as a halogen bond acceptor for the organoiodine donors, forming a variety of 1‐D, 2‐D, and 3‐D packing arrangements through I⋅⋅⋅I halogen bonding. Significant asymmetry was observed within the (I3)− anion. The melting points of the cocrystalline materials, as determined by simultaneous DSC/TGA, ranged from 43 °C to 119 °C and showed a strong dependence on the identity of the organoiodine incorporated into the crystal lattice.
Influence of landscape condition on relative abundance and body condition of two generalist freshwater turtle species
Authors: Mota Joel L. , Brown Donald J. , Canning Danielle M. , Crayton Sara M. , Lozon Darien N. , Gulette Alissa L. , Anderson James T. , Mali Ivana , Dickerson Brian E. , Forstner Michael R. J. , Watson Mark B. , Pauley Thomas K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic land use changes have broad impacts on biological diversity, often resulting in shifts in community composition. While many studies have documented negative impacts on occurrence and abundance of species, less attention has been given to native species that potentially benefit from anthropogenic land use changes. For many species reaching high densities in human‐dominated landscapes, it is unclear whether these environments represent higher quality habitat than more natural environments. We examined the influence of landscape ecological integrity on relative abundance and body condition of two native generalist freshwater turtle species that are prevalent in anthropogenic systems, the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) and red‐eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). Relative abundance was negatively associated with ecological integrity for both species, but the relationship was not strongly supported for painted turtles. Body condition was positively associated with ecological integrity for painted turtles, with no strong association for red‐eared sliders. Our study suggests that both species benefitted at the population level from reduced ecological integrity, but individual‐level habitat quality was reduced for painted turtles. The differing responses between these two habitat generalists could partially explain why red‐eared sliders have become a widespread exotic invasive species, while painted turtles have not.
Effect of polarization on the link dynamics of a spinning low‐earth orbits satellite aligned with geomagnetic field
Authors: Talashila Rajavardhan , Ramachandran Harishankar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the dynamic communication link aspects of IIT Madras student Satellite (IITMSAT). It is a Low‐Earth Orbits satellite which has limited Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) ability to align one of its body axes with the geomagnetic field in orbit. The ADCS of IITMSAT has no control over its spin with respect to the axis along the geomagnetic field. This has a destructive influence on the link aspects between the satellite and the ground station. As the satellite spins over its axis, given the two‐axis attitude control, the gain of the downlink antennas in the direction of the ground station vary all through the pass of the satellite over the ground station, which will, in turn, affect the signal received at the ground station. Similarly, the uplink is also affected. A rigorous analysis of the variation of the link strengths for uplink and downlink along typical passes of the satellite above a ground station located in Chennai, India, is presented, taking into account the geomagnetic field at the altitude of the orbit. This analysis helps in choosing the polarization (LHCP or RHCP) for uplink and stresses the need for polarization diversity at the ground station for downlink. This will ensure the link with the ground station remains robust through the pass of the satellite and hence achieving higher amounts of data transfer with the satellite. Further, this work helps design the satellite onboard antennas for better link performance, taking into account the ground station location and assisting in taking system‐level decisions for small satellite missions.
Syn‐ and post‐eruptive gully formation near the Laacher See volcano
Authors: Engel Max , Dotterweich Markus , Fülling Alexander , Brill Dominik , Broisch‐Höhner Manuela , Totschnig Ralf , Seren Sirri , Kehl Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Laacher See volcano (LSV) is located at the western margin of the Neuwied Basin, the central part of the Middle Rhine Basin of Germany. Its paroxysmal Plinian eruption c. 13 ka ago (Laacher See event; LSE) deposited a complex tephra sequence in the Neuwied Basin, whilst the distal ashes became one of the most important chronostratigraphic markers in Central Europe. However, some other impacts on landscape formation have thus far been largely neglected, such as buried gully structures in the proximity of the LSV. In this contribution, we map and discuss the spatial extent of these landforms at the site Lungenkärchen c. 4 km south of the LSV based on geophysical prospection as well as contrasting pedo‐sedimentary characteristics of the gully infill (particle‐size distribution, bulk‐sediment density, thin‐section analysis, saturated hydraulic conductivity) and the surrounding soils and tephra layers. These data are combined with a luminescence‐ and carbon‐14 (14C)‐based age model that relates them to the LSE. It is demonstrated how these gullies seem to have been formed and rapidly infilled by rainfall and surface discharge both during and subsequent to the eruptive phase, with modern analog processes documented for the 1980 Mount St Helens eruption (Washington State, USA). Given the density of the gullies at the site and their deviating pedo‐sedimentary properties compared to the surrounding soils, we propose a significant influence on agricultural production in the proximity of the LSV, which remains to be tested in future studies. Finally, in contrast, gullies of similar lateral and vertical dimensions identified in post‐LSE reworked loess and tephra deposits of the Wingertsbergwand (close to the main study site and proximal to the LSV) have shown to be unrelated to the LSE and can either be attributed to periglacial processes at the Younger Dryas‐Preboreal transition or to linear incision during the early Holocene.
An imperfect test for a virus can Be worse than No test at all
Authors: Whitmeyer Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis note studies the effect of the availability of a test for a virus on the public health of a population. It is shown by example that the existence of a freely available and moderately informative test for a virus may lower society's welfare in comparison to the case where no test exists or access to the test is restricted. In this setting, any test provided to any subset of agents who would find it optimal not to isolate absent the test improves welfare.