bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miniature multi‐pass cell design with high path‐to‐volume ratio based on trough reflector
Authors: Jia Yunjiang , Zhang Lei , Sun Xiaoyuan , Cui Xiaojuan , Yu Benli , Zhou Sheng , Li Jingsong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOptical multi‐pass cell (MPC) is widely used in laser absorption spectroscopy, a powerful gas analysis tool. In this letter, a miniature MPC with a high optical path length to volume ratio (OPL/V), consisting of trough mirrors, is proposed. It allows compact beam propagation without paths cross and spots overlap. The cell is optimized twice to reduce aberration and spot diffusion. An OPL/V of 309.03 is obtained for the proposed model. In addition, an OPL of 2.5 m with a volume of 16 cm3 is achieved as the number of mirrors is increased to 30. To our best knowledge, it is the smallest MPC with the same OPL. The miniature MPC shows great potential for its application in portable gas sensor.
Tubulin/microtubules as novel clozapine targets
Authors: Hino Mizuki , Kondo Takeshi , Kunii Yasuto , Matsumoto Junya , Wada Akira , Niwa Shin‐ichi , Setou Mitsutoshi , Yabe Hirooki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimClozapine is currently the only effective drug for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia; nonetheless, its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear, and its administration is limited because of severe adverse effects. By comparing the binding proteins of clozapine and its derivative olanzapine, which is safer but less effective than clozapine, we attempted to clarify the mechanism of action specific to clozapine.MethodsFirst, using the polyproline rod conjugates attached with clozapine or olanzapine, clozapine‐binding proteins in extracts from the cerebra of 7‐week‐old ICR mice were isolated and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and analyzed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) to identify proteins. Second, the effect of clozapine on tubulin polymerization was determined turbidimetrically. Finally, the cellular effects of clozapine were observed in HeLa cells by immunofluorescence microscopy.ResultsAlpha and β tubulins were the most abundant clozapine‐binding proteins. We also found that clozapine directly binds with α and β tubulin heterodimers to inhibit their polymerization to form microtubules and disturbs the microtubule network, causing mitotic arrest in HeLa cells.ConclusionThese results suggest that α and β tubulin heterodimers are targeted by the clozapine and the microtubules are involved in the etiology of schizophrenia.
Synthesis and modification of spherical SiO2 nanoparticles with different particle sizes and morphologies and their effects on the properties of thermoplastic polyurethane urea elastomers
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Huang He 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA thermoplastic polyurethane urea (TPUU) elastomer with superior mechanical and thermal properties was recently reported from our group and synthesized by asymmetric aliphatic diisocyanate and diamine. In order to enhance its performance, this TPUU was further modified with spherical SiO2 nanoparticles in this work, and the influence of the size and morphology of spherical SiO2 nanoparticles on mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties of TPUU was investigated. The results showed that spherical SiO2 nanoparticles could significantly improve the mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties of TPUU, which increased, with the decrease of the particle size of SiO2 nanoparticles. Especially, compared with solid spherical SiO2 nanoparticles, TPUU nanocomposites filled with hollow spherical SiO2 (HSSiO2) particles showed abnormal but unique stress–strain behavior, and their elongations at break increased with the decrease of particle size of HSSiO2 nanoparticles.
Electrochemical degradation modes in bifacial silicon photovoltaic modules
Authors: Sulas‐Kern Dana B. , Owen‐Bellini Michael , Ndione Paul , Spinella Laura , Sinha Archana , Uličná Soňa , Johnston Steve , Schelhas Laura T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMotivated by the rapidly rising deployment of bifacial monocrystalline‐silicon photovoltaics (PV), we investigate the durability of various PV module packaging configurations with transparent coverings on both the front and rear sides of the module. We use a series of bifacial passivated emitter and rear cell (p‐PERC) mini‐modules with systematically varying outer cover materials (glass/glass, G/G, or glass/transparent backsheet, G/TB) and encapsulant chemistries (poly [ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate], EVA; or polyolefin, POE). We study degradation modes over 1,000 hours of combined damp heat (DH) exposure and high system voltages that can cause potential‐induced degradation (PID) under positive, zero, or negative 1,000 V cell‐to‐frame bias. We analyze the degradation modes using a combination of current–voltage measurements, impedance spectroscopy, external quantum efficiency, and spatially resolved luminescence and thermal imaging. Our results highlight various types of degradation including shunting, enhanced recombination, and series resistance increases, and we use spatially resolved characterization to separately identify the localized effects. We show that multiple PID and moisture‐ingress degradation modes severely affect EVA‐containing modules, with previously reported PID processes under negative‐bias DH and a unique observation of rear‐side surface recombination in G/EVA/G modules under positive‐bias DH. We observe significantly less degradation in POE‐containing modules, where the G/POE/G configuration exhibits minimal degradation under all stress conditions that we employ.
Pediatric pulmonology 2020 year in review: Rare and diffuse lung disease
Authors: Vece Timothy J. , Popler Jonathan , Gower William A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPediatric Pulmonology publishes original research, review articles, and case reports on topics related to a wide range of children's respiratory disorders. Here we review some of the most notable manuscripts published in 2020 in this journal on (1) children's interstitial lung disease (chILD), (2) congenital airway and lung anomalies, and (3) primary ciliary dyskinesia and other non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The articles reviewed are discussed in context with published works from other journals.
Proteomic analysis of human articular cartilage unravels the dyscoagulation in osteoarthritis and the potential value of serpinA5 as a biomarker for osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhu Tengjiao , Tan Qizhao , Xin Xing , Li Feng , Zhang Ke , Liu Zhongjun , Tian Yun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeNowadays, there is no clinically applicable biomarker for osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, the aim of the study is to discover a potential biomarker for OA.Experimental DesignWe performed a proteomics of eight cartilage samples (four damaged cartilage and four macroscopically intact cartilage) from four OA patients without any comorbidities to search for valuable OA biomarkers. Four rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy to induce the OA (OVX‐OA) model, while another four underwent a sham procedure wherein the ovaries were exteriorized but not removed (SHAM). Selected candidate proteins were further verified in the patients and the OVX‐OA animal model.ResultsA comprehensive cartilage proteome profile of patients with OA was constructed. Additionally, the complement and coagulation cascades were found to be significantly altered, and serpinA5 was chosen as a protein of interest based on biological information analysis. The reduction of serpinA5 in locally damaged cartilage and serum of patients with OA compared to the control group was determined. Furthermore, we found that serpinA5 was decreased in OVX‐OA rats compared to that in SHAM rats.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOur results suggest that there is dyscoagulation in the OA process and that serpinA5 can serve as a potentially valuable OA biomarker.
Partiti‐like viruses from African armyworm increase larval and pupal mortality of a novel host: the Egyptian cotton leafworm
Authors: Xu Pengjun , Rice Annabel , Li Tong , Wang Jie , Yang Xianming , Yuan He , Graham Robert I , Wilson Kenneth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe general principle of using microbes from one species to manage a different pest species has a clear precedent in the large‐scale release of mosquitoes carrying a Wolbachia bacterium derived from Drosophila flies. New technologies will facilitate the discovery of microbes that can be used in a similar way. Previously, we found three novel partiti‐like viruses in the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta). To investigate further the utility and consistency of host shift of insect viruses as a potential pest management tool, we tested the interaction between the partiti‐like viruses and another novel host, the Egyptian cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis).RESULTWe found that all three partiti‐like viruses appeared to be harmful to the novel host S. littoralis, by causing increased larval and pupal mortality. No effect was observed on host fecundity, and partiti‐like virus infection did not impact host susceptibility when challenged with another pathogen, the baculovirus SpliNPV. Transcriptome analysis of partiti‐like virus‐infected and noninfected S. littoralis indicated that the viruses could impact host gene‐expression profiles of S. littoralis, but they impact different pathways to the two other Spodoptera species through effects on pathways related to immunity (Jak–STAT/Toll and Imd) and reproduction (insulin signaling/insect hormones).CONCLUSIONTaken together with the previous findings in the novel host S. frugiperda, these results indicate a parasitic relationship between the partiti‐like viruses and novel insect hosts, suggesting a possible use and novel pest management strategy through the artificial host shift of novel viruses. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficiencies of best management practices in reducing nitrate pollution of the Sebdou River, a semi‐arid Mediterranean agricultural catchment (North Africa)
Authors: Zettam Amin , Briak Hamza , Kebede Fassil , Ouallali Abdessalam , Hallouz Faiza , Taleb Amina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA major problem facing the water sector in Algeria is deteriorating water quality, which is strongly influenced by nutrient inputs to agricultural watersheds. To mitigate the effects of agricultural activities and enhance water quality, this study considered the impact of different best management practices (BMPs) in agriculture. The objective of the research was to evaluate the impacts of various agricultural BMPs on nitrate losses in the Sebdou catchment in north‐west Africa using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in order to identify and recommend the most appropriate BMP. The study was carried out in two parts: first, the SWAT model was calibrated and validated to simulate discharge and nitrate losses at the outlet of the catchment, and second, the calibrated model was used to assess the effects of BMPs on nitrate losses. The hydrological modelling fitted well with the observed data for the calibration and validation periods (NSE between 0.63 and 0.65 and R2 between 0.80 and 0.92). Nitrate simulation was also satisfactory (NSE = 0.58 and R2 = 0.58), with the average nitrate exports at the outlet varying between 136 and 149 t N year−1. Agricultural tillage practices were the main N input and plant uptake was the main N output. The simulation results of BMP scenarios (contour farming, strip cropping and terracing) showed a significant decrease in nitrate quantity in soil, nitrate yield in surface run‐off and nitrate exports. The maximum reduction was observed from the use of parallel terraces, which reduced nitrate in soil by 17% (41 kg ha−1) and decreased nitrate flux exportation to below 133 t N year−1 (a reduction of about 11%). This study provided useful information for implementation of the most effective agricultural BMPs in the catchment for stakeholders who are interested in soil and water management.
Quantification of hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Calculating relative sensitivity factors for 1.5‐ to 10‐keV photons in any instrument geometry
Authors: Cant David J. H. , Spencer Ben F. , Flavell Wendy R. , Shard Alexander G. 
Published: December 2021

A method for the rapid determination of theoretical relative sensitivity factors (RSFs) for hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) instruments of any type and photon energy has been developed. We develop empirical functions to describe discrete theoretically calculated values for photoemission cross sections and asymmetry parameters across the photon energy range from 1.5 to 10 keV for all elements from lithium to californium. The formulae describing these parameters, in conjunction with similar practical estimates for inelastic mean free paths, allow the calculation of a full set of theoretical sensitivity factors for a given X‐ray photon energy, X‐ray polarisation and instrument geometry. We show that the anticipated errors on these RSFs are less than the typical errors generated by extracting X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) intensities from the spectra and thus enable adequate quantification for any XPS/HAXPES experiment up to 10 keV. A spreadsheet implementation of this method is provided in the supporting information, along with example RSFs for existing commercial instruments.
Protection and detection of physical hazards for the intelligent system under industrial Internet of Things by neural network
Authors: Wang Rongxia , Liu Zhifang , He Fen , Yang Weihuang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAiming at detecting and avoiding many security risks brought by various intelligent equipment and sensors in industrial Internet of Things (IoT) intelligent system, the Kalman back propagation neural network (Kalman‐BPNN) algorithm is designed, based on the neural network and with the help of the unique advantages of Kalman filtering algorithm and back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm. Introductions are made on the architecture of IoT and the theory of system security, and descriptions are made on the principle and process of related algorithms in detail. The advantages of traditional algorithms are integrated to design a Kalman‐BPNN algorithm. The simulation experiment analysis is carried out, and the designed detection method is compared with the traditional detection method. The voltage test of the Kalman‐BPNN algorithm based on the neural network is no more than 4.1%, as the experiment shows. The true positive rate of Kalman‐BPNN algorithm is 91.121%, which is very close to the value of 1, indicating that the algorithm has a great probability to predict the normal voltage. The false positive rate is 9.341%, which is very close to 0, indicating that the algorithm has a small probability of false judgment.
A plea to DNA barcode type specimens: An example fromMicropholis(Sapotaceae)
Authors: Sánchez‐C. Dayana , Richardson James E. , Hart Michelle , Serrano Julieth , Cárdenas Dairon , Gonzalez Mailyn A. , Cortés‐B. Rocio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIdentification of individuals in the absence of reproductive traits or in juvenile stages can be difficult. Incorrect identification will result in inaccurate biodiversity inventories that are an impediment to effective conservation management. Here, we present data in which we argue that the generation of DNA barcode reference libraries using DNA extracted from type specimens could resolve issues related to correct identification. The genusMicropholis(Sapotaceae) is diverse and ecologically important in Neotropical lowland rain forests. We first assessed the capacity of the molecular markers ITS2,matKandrbcLin differentiating species in the genus. Based on a phylogenetic reconstruction we found that many individuals in our study were incorrectly identified, and we argue that if we had access to a type specimen DNA barcode reference library we would have more rapidly and correctly identified individuals.
Decolorization of textile wastewater by electrooxidation process using different anode materials: Statistical optimization
Authors: Bakaraki Turan Nouha , Sari Erkan Hanife , Ilhan Fatih , Onkal Engin Guleda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe presence of reactive dyes in textile wastewater is a serious environmental concern due to their associated mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. The present study aims to analyze the effect of different anodic materials on the decolorization of a real textile wastewater effluent. For this purpose, four different anodic materials—TiO2‐coated platine, TiO2‐coated ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) (viz., RuO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and graphite—were connected, respectively, to titanium dioxide (TiO2) used as a cathode electrode. Color and cost optimization studies were performed using the response surface methodology and the Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD). According to ANOVA results, the R2 values for Pt/TiO2, RuO2/TiO2, TiO2/TiO2, and graphite/TiO2 electrode pairs were found to be 97.4%, 93.8%, 92.44%, and 92.2%, respectively, indicating a good compatibility as it is close to one. The results show that color removal efficiencies at the optimal conditions were 86.3%, 90.8%, 91.5%, and 93.6% for Pt/TiO2, graphite/TiO2, TiO2/TiO2, and RuO2/TiO2, respectively. Furthermore, energy consumption cost at the optimum conditions was also evaluated, and the results were as follows: Pt/TiO2 (0.95 €/m3), graphite/TiO2 (0.74 €/m3), TiO2/TiO2 (0.31 €/m3), and RuO2/TiO2 (0.26 €/m3). Consequently, this research paper shows that all of the tested anodic materials give satisfactory color removal efficiencies higher than 86%. When energy consumption and color removal are considered together, the use of TiO2/TiO2 and RuO2/TiO2 pairs would be preferred.Practitioner Points
Anodic contribution was investigated for decolorization of textile wastewater by electrooxidation process.
Graphite, TiO2‐coated Pt, TiO2‐coated RuO2, and TiO2 were used as anode materials.
Highest color removal with lowest energy consumption was achieved with TiO2‐coated RuO2 anode material (93.6%).
BPS black hole entropy and attractors in very special geometry. Cubic forms, gradient maps and their inversion
Authors: van Geemen Bert , Marrani Alessio , Russo Francesco 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We consider Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and attractors in extremal BPS black holes of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2, D = 4 ungauged supergravity obtained as reduction of minimal, matter-coupled D = 5 supergravity. They are generally expressed in terms of solutions to an inhomogeneous system of coupled quadratic equations, named BPS system, depending on the cubic prepotential as well as on the electric-magnetic fluxes in the extremal black hole background. Focussing on homogeneous non-symmetric scalar manifolds (whose classification is known in terms of L(q, P, Ṗ) models), under certain assumptions on the Clifford matrices pertaining to the related cubic prepotential, we formulate and prove an invertibility condition for the gradient map of the corresponding cubic form (to have a birational inverse map which is given by homogeneous polynomials of degree four), and therefore for the solutions to the BPS system to be explicitly determined, in turn providing novel, explicit expressions for the BPS black hole entropy and the related attractors as solution of the BPS attractor equations. After a general treatment, we present a number of explicit examples with Ṗ = 0, such as L(q, P), 1 ⩽ q ⩽ 3 and P ⩾ 1, or L(q, 1), 4 ⩽ q ⩽ 9, and one model with Ṗ = 1, namely L(4, 1, 1). We also briefly comment on Kleinian signatures and split algebras. In particular, we provide, for the first time, the explicit form of the BPS black hole entropy and of the related BPS attractors for the infinite class of L(1, P) P ⩾ 2 non-symmetric models of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2, D = 4 supergravity.
Connecting 5d Higgs branches via Fayet-Iliopoulos deformations
Authors: van Beest Marieke , Giacomelli Simone 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We describe how the geometry of the Higgs branch of 5d superconformal field theories is transformed under movement along the extended Coulomb branch. Working directly with the (unitary) magnetic quiver, we demonstrate a correspondence between Fayet-Iliopoulos deformations in 3d and 5d mass deformations. When the Higgs branch has multiple cones, characterised by a collection of magnetic quivers, the mirror map is not globally well-defined, however we are able to utilize the correspondence to establish a local version of mirror symmetry. We give several detailed examples of deformations, including decouplings and weak-coupling limits, in (Dn, Dn) conformal matter theories, TN theory and its parent PN, for which we find new Lagrangian descriptions given by quiver gauge theories with fundamental and anti-symmetric matter.
QFT, EFT and GFT
Authors: Raman Prashanth , Sinha Aninda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We explore the correspondence between geometric function theory (GFT) and quantum field theory (QFT). The crossing symmetric dispersion relation provides the necessary tool to examine the connection between GFT, QFT, and effective field theories (EFTs), enabling us to connect with the crossing-symmetric EFT-hedron. Several existing mathematical bounds on the Taylor coefficients of Typically Real functions are summarized and shown to be of enormous use in bounding Wilson coefficients in the context of 2-2 scattering. We prove that two-sided bounds on Wilson coefficients are guaranteed to exist quite generally for the fully crossing symmetric situation. Numerical implementation of the GFT constraints (Bieberbach-Rogosinski inequalities) is straightforward and allows a systematic exploration. A comparison of our findings obtained using GFT techniques and other results in the literature is made. We study both the three-channel as well as the two-channel crossing-symmetric cases, the latter having some crucial differences. We also consider bound state poles as well as massless poles in EFTs. Finally, we consider nonlinear constraints arising from the positivity of certain Toeplitz determinants, which occur in the trigonometric moment problem.
More on the weak gravity conjecture via convexity of charged operators
Authors: Antipin Oleg , Bersini Jahmall , Sannino Francesco , Wang Zhi-Wei , Zhang Chen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Weak Gravity Conjecture has recently been re-formulated in terms of a particle with non-negative self-binding energy. Because of the dual conformal field theory (CFT) formulation in the anti-de Sitter space, the conformal dimension ∆(Q) of the lowest-dimension operator with charge Q under some global U(1) symmetry must be a convex function of Q. This property has been conjectured to hold for any (unitary) conformal field theory and generalized to larger global symmetry groups. Here we refine and further test the convex charge conjecture via semiclassical computations for fixed charge sectors of different theories in various dimensions. We analyze the convexity properties of the leading and next-to-leading order terms stemming from the semiclassical computation, de facto, extending previous tests beyond the leading perturbative contributions and to arbitrary charges. In particular, the leading contribution is sufficient to test convexity in the semiclassical computations. We also consider intriguing cases in which the models feature a transition from real to complex conformal dimensions either as a function of the charge or number of matter fields. As a relevant example of the first kind, we investigate the O(N) model in 4 + ϵ dimensions. As an example of the second type, we consider the U(N) × U(M) model in 4 − ϵ dimensions. Both models display a rich dynamics where, by changing the number of matter fields and/or charge, one can achieve dramatically different physical regimes. We discover that whenever a complex conformal dimension appears, the real part satisfies the convexity property.