Crowdfunding for health research: A global systematic review, qualitative evidence synthesis and TDR pilot for LMIC researchers
Authors: Kpokiri Eneyi E. , Sri-Pathmanathan Clarisse , Shrestha Priyanka , Navaid Sana , Wiwatpanit Teerawat , Wijegunawardana Asha , Umar Mahmud Ali , Jackson Debra , Alger Jackeline , Bohren Meghan A. , Hoole Mia , Labarda Meredith , Juban Noel , Launois Pascal , Tang Weiming , Halpaap Beatrice , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany low-and middle-income country (LMIC) researchers have disadvantages when applying for research grants. Crowdfunding may help LMIC researchers to fund their research. Crowdfunding organizes large groups of people to make small contributions to support a research study. This manuscript synthesizes global qualitative evidence and describes a TDR crowdfunding pilot for LMIC-based researchers.MethodsOur global systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis searched six databases for qualitative data. We used a thematic synthesis approach and assessed our findings using the GRADE-CERQual approach. Building on the review findings, we organized a crowdfunding pilot to support LMIC researchers and use crowdfunding. The pilot provided an opportunity to assess the feasibility of crowdfunding for infectious diseases of poverty research in resource-constrained settings.ResultsNine studies were included in the qualitative evidence synthesis and we identified seven themes. Seven studies demonstrated that strong public engagement facilitated crowdfunding for research. Other themes included the correlates of crowdfunding success, risks of crowdfunding, and risk mitigation strategies. Our pilot data suggest that crowdfunding is feasible in diverse LMIC settings. Three researchers launched crowdfunding campaigns, met their goals and received substantial monetary (raising a total of $26,546 across all five campaigns) and non-monetary contributions. Two researchers are still preparing for campaign launch due to COVID-19 related difficulties.ConclusionPublic engagement provides a foundation for effective crowdfunding for health research. Our evidence synthesis and pilot data provide practical strategies for LMIC researchers to engage the public and use crowdfunding. A practical guide was created alongside to facilitate these activities across multiple settings.What is already known?Crowdfunding has been used to fund health causes, technology start-ups, creative projects, and more recently, scientific research. Although crowdfunding has been used for research funding in high-income settings, there is less evidence from LMIC settings. In addition, previous reviews of crowdfunding have not focused on public engagement strategies that may be important for developing effective crowdfunding campaigns.What are the new findings?-Our qualitative evidence synthesis finds that crowdfunding research focuses on creators and backers in high-income settings, neglecting LMIC researchers.-The TDR pilot programme suggests that crowdfunding is feasible for LMIC researchers. Three of the five pilot finalists exceeded their crowdfunding goals and received substantial non-monetary contributions.