bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OBESITY IN AVIATION MEDICINE
Authors: BALFOUR CATRIONA 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper will examine the impacts of obesity in aviation medicine. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has described the problems of obesity and being overweight as one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century (1) and this will certainly lead to increasing numbers of obese aviators (or potential aviators) presenting for medical certification. These people may not realise the impact their increased weight could have on their flying career and is often going to be an incidental finding in their examination rather than the specific problem they present with. This leads to the question for the medical examiner, does being overweight/obese matter in aviation and how might it increase a person’s risk of incapacitation in the cockpit?
Evaluation of the efficiency of a gray water treatment system based on aeration and filtration
Authors: Kabiri Maziar , Akbarpour Abolfazl , Akbari Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Gray water is a great resource for replacing fresh water to be used in standardized usages. The use of treated gray water reduces water consumption and the entry of pollutants into the environment. However, if left untreated, it can be dangerous. The present study examines the efficiency of a gray water treatment system consisting of primary filter, aeration, secondary filter and ultraviolet disinfection unit. After examining the characteristics of gray water, the efficiency of this system was analyzed to remove the pH, TSS, BOD, COD, ABS and total coliform parameters. Then, the gray water treated through this system was compared with the environmental standard of Iran. The pH of the treated gray water was 7.5–7.6. The efficiency of this system for removing the BOD and COD parameters was 98–100 and 76–100%, respectively. This system had an efficiency of 96–97% to eliminate the ABS parameter. Also, this system was able to eliminate total coliform with 100% efficiency. Results showed that in the three series of experiments performed on this system, according to the Iranian standard, the treated wastewater is suitable for irrigation and agricultural uses. However, this system could not be licensed for the COD parameter regarding the discharge to surface water and absorbent wells.
Stan biologiczny populacji ludzkich a przemiany środowiska społeczno-ekonomicznego
Authors: Siniarska Anna , Wolański Napoleon 
Published: January 2021

Adaptation of life to the environment occurs at two levels - that of an individual and that of a population. In the first step of the process of adaptation variability is produced. It provides necessary material for the second step - selection. Variability is generated during the phylogeny, from one generation to the next. However, variability can also be generated during individual ontogeny at least by protective mechanisms of instinctive behaviors of animals and conscious cultural human actions. Variability originates from point mutations and chromosomal aberrations occurring during transmission of genetic material from generation to generation and through activation, or deactivation, of genes that alters their expression. This variability determines phenotypic differences among individuals. Variability thus produced is subjected to selection because how a phenotype is formed determines its ability to survive and to produce offspring. In human populations, adaptation occurs via biological and via cultural processes. Humans with their culture - especially medicine and social care - protect lives of individuals who otherwise would have been eliminated by natural selection.Hereditary differences among various geographic groups of modern people occur with low frequency - just a fraction of a percentage point. From observations of phenotypes it can be concluded that both structural alterations in the DNA and differences in gene expression cause variations, the majority of genes are inactive at various stages of ontogeny, while various portions of the genotype become active at different times in the life of an individual.Environment influences variation in three ways: (1) by causing mutations or by altering gene expression and (2) by providing conditions for the formation of a phenotype coded by a particular genotype and (3) as a factor of selection, including occurrence of cultural behaviors modifying effects of natural selection. It seems that the main aim of future research in human ecology should be search for the answer to following questions: 1. Can gene expression be changed during ontogeny? 2. To what extent such changes can be inherited? 3. To what extent is there an increase in the occurrence of genes that do not allow survival without special care (genetic load), and 4. How will all this influence future of our species?
Aksjologiczne podstawy integralnej ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego i ludzkiego
Authors: Bołoz Wojciech 
Published: January 2021

Over the last few decades we have witnessed a significant change in human mentality and attitudes towards the natural environment and its protection, this change is accompanied by different axiological principles within which we can distinguish:• anthropocentric concept which places man in the center and grants him a privileged place amongst other species,• anti-anthropocentric concept which stresses the equality of all species and demands a reversal in humanistic orientation consolidated by European Enlightenment,• moderate anthropocentric concept which underlines human’s caring and a responsible role towards the ecosystem.As disturbances of ecological balance are the result of human actions and the sign of the cultural crisis, the necessity to protect the natural environment should be realized. John Paul II was a supporter of the above. He referred to the integrated ecology, which combines the protection of the natural environment with the concern of the quality of human spirituality. Integrated ecology poses two demands:• all actions towards environmental protection should be understood as a means of confirming the respect of human personal dignity,• those actions which harm the natural environment and threaten man should be given up.
Environmental Ethics in Poland
Authors: Konstańczak Stefan 
Published: January 2021

Prezentowany artykuł jest próbę oceny stanu etyki środowiskowej w Polsce. Zdaniem autora dyskusję na temat etyki środowiskowej w Polsce zapoczątkowano dopiero w burzliwym okresie transformacji społeczno-ustrojowej, jaka miała miejsce na przełomie lat osiemdziesiątych i dziewięćdziesiątych. W toczących się wówczas dyskusjach wskazywano też na swoistą inercję etyki polskiej, która wcześniej nie dostrzegała istniejących zagrożeń. Taka sytuacja spowodowała, iż pierwsze próby opracowania koncepcji rodzimej etyki środowiskowej nawiązywały wprost do opracowań, jakie powstały na Zachodzie. Autor wskazuje zwłaszcza na wpływy etyki anglosaskiej i niemieckiej.
Pierwszą próbę sformowania koncepcji etyki środowiska naturalnego podjęli przedstawiciele filozofii chrześcijańskiej. Cechą charakterystyczną dla refleksji nad etyką środowiskową w Polsce jest wyróżnieniem wielu stanowisk poznawczych, które wywodzone są z reguły od nazwiska ich twórców.
Etyka środowiskowa w Polsce mimo stosunkowo krótkiej historii zdążyła doczekać się rozbudowanego piśmiennictwa oraz ugruntowanej pozycji w życiu naukowym. Zyskuje także coraz więcej zwolenników czego dowodem są cykliczne konferencje naukowe organizowane przez różne ośrodki akademickie w Polsce.
Mental Health Problems Experienced by Patients with Rheumatic Diseases During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Adnine Anass , Nadiri Khawla , Soussan Ilias , Coulibaly Siriman , Berrada Khadija , Najdi Adil , Abourazzak Fatima E. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Patients with rheumatic diseases are more likely to suffer from anxiety, depression
and insomnia. Yet, little is known about mental health status during COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective :
This study aims to measure the prevalence of mental health disorders among patients with rheumatic diseases in the era of COVID-19 pandemic and to determine potential risk factors for major symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in participants.

Methods:
Participants with rheumatic diseases were asked to complete a questionnaire using a telephonic interview. Sociodemographic and rheumatic disease characteristics were recorded. Mental health status was assessed by the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)-7, and insomnia severity index (ISI) questionnaires to detect depression, anxiety and insomnia symptoms, respectively.

Results :
We included 307 patients in the survey. Rheumatoid arthritis was the most frequent diagnosis
(55%). Of all participants, 7.5% had known depression and 5.5% known anxiety. Mental
health disorders were insomnia (34.9%), anxiety (33.2%), and depression (24.4%). Major symptoms
of insomnia, anxiety, and depression were noted in respectively, 19.9%, 12.4%, and 7.8% of
participants. Risk factors for major insomnia were male gender (OR= 4.36, 95% CI 2.06 to 9.25;
p<0.0001), low socioeconomic status (OR= 2.64, 95% CI 1.44 - 4.83; p<0.002) and having rheumatoid
arthritis (OR= 2.00, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.84; p<0.036). Major anxiety was associated with low
monthly income (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.01; p<0.026), and higher Numerical Rating Scale
(NRS) of pain (OR=1.795, 95% CI 1.074 to 2.994 ; p<0.026). Major depression was associated
with the worsening of rheumatic disease (OR=1.86, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.26; p<0.03).

Conclusions :
A high frequency of undiagnosed depression, anxiety and insomnia symptoms was found in rheumatic patients. Rheumatologists should be aware of these comorbidities, especially in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.
Fatty Acids Evaluation by Principal Component Analysis for the Traceability of Sicilian and Calabrian Olive Oils
Authors: Caridi Francesco , Mottese Antonio F. , Messina Maurizio , D'Agostino Maurizio 
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives:
In this article, a comprehensive study was carried out for
Sicilian and Calabrian olive oils authenticity evaluation through chemometric analyses, correlating
botanical and geographical origins with the samples' chemical composition.

Methods:
A total of eighteen Sicilian and Calabrian (southern Italy) olive oil samples were analyzed
through gas chromatography (GC).

Results:
The fatty acids concentration in the investigated samples followed the subsequent order:
oleic (C18:1) > palmitic (C16) > linoleic (C18:2) > stearic (C18) > palmitoleic (C16:1) > linoleic (C18:3).
The 2D Scatterplot (Principal Component Analysis) showed that, among the analyzed oils, six clusters
stand out, which seem to consistently group samples in relation to the cultivars and cultivation
areas that share the territorial proximity (same province).

Conclusions:
Experimental results demonstrated that it is possible to strictly relate, through the
PCA, olive oils to their geographical and botanical provenance, thus becoming a useful tool for
evaluating product authenticity and guaranteeing it to the consumers.
An Alternative “Trojan Horse” Hypothesis for COVID-19: Immune Deficiency
of IL-10 and SARS-CoV-2 Biology
Authors: Balzanelli Mario Giosuè , Distratis Pietro , Aityan Sergey K. , Amatulli Felice , Catucci Orazio , Cefalo Angelo , De Michele Antonia , Dipalma Gianna , Inchingolo Francesco , Lazzaro Rita , Nguyen Kieu Cao Diem , Palazzo Davide , Tampoia Marilina , Pham Van Hung , Santacroce Luigi , Isacco Ciro Gargiulo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a challenge for emergency
care units worldwide due to the large numbers of patients, the scarcity of information, the medical
resources, and the uncertainty regarding the disease's etiology and pathogenesis. The transmission
of the virus and a probable post-pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 will depend on how deep this disease,
the duration of immunity and the degree of cross immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and other
pathogens either bacteria or fungi can be understood. Most mortalities have been related to an atypical
pneumonia consisted of a sudden worsening of general condition of the admitted positive
COVID-19 patients. The severe thromboembolism, often characterized by violent pulmonary and
systemic complications, have been described with a blend of inflammatory-infectious patterns that
rapidly shifted into a typical systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or into an acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) that eventually concluded into a multi-organ failure (MOF) and
death. The fatality rate reported in our Covid-19 structure, SG Moscati Hospital of Taranto
province in Italy, was higher in elderly male people with preexisting chronic pulmonary disease
(COPD), patients with cancer and preexisting cardio-vascular diseases (CVD). We assumed a different
theoretical position to clarify the higher mortality seen among those patients that was not as
obvious as it appeared, we thus offered different pathophysiological picture that could help to recent
solutions in therapy and prevention.
ProgNet: COVID-19 Prognosis Using Recurrent and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Fakhfakh Mohamed , Bouaziz Bassem , Gargouri Faiez , Chaari Lotfi 
Published: January 2021

Aims:
Prognosis of lung mathology severity after Covid-19 infection using chest X-ray time series

Background:
We have been inspired by methods analysing time series of images in remote sensing for change detection. During the current Covid-19 pandemic, our motivation is to provide an automatic tool to predict severity of lung pathologies due to Covid-19. This can be done by analysing images of the same patient acquired at different dates. Since no analytical model is available, and also no accurate quantification tools can be used due to many unknowns about the pathology, feature-free methods are good candidates to analyse such temporal images.

Objective:
This contribution helps improving performances of medical structures facing the Covid-19 pandemic. The first impact is medical and social since more lives could be saved with a 92% rate of good prognosis. In addition to that, patients in intensive care units (up to 15%) could a posteriori suffer from less sequels due to an early and accurate prognosis of their PP. Moreover, accurate prognosis can lead to a better planning of patient’s transfer between units and hospitals, which is linked to the second claimed economical impact. Indeed, prognosis is linked to lower treatment costs due to an optimized predictive protocol using ragiological prognosis.

Methods:
Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in combination with Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). Spatial and temporal features are combines to analyse image time series. A prognosis score is delivered indicating the severity of the pathology. Learning is made on a publicly available database.

Results:
When applied to radiological time-series, promising results are obtained with an accuracy rates higher than 92%. Sensitivity and specificity rates are also very interesting.

Conclusion:
Our method is segmentation-free, which makes it competitive with respect to other assessment methods relying on time-consuming lung segmentation algorithms. When applied on radiographic data, the proposed ProgNet architecture showed promising results with good classification performances, especially for ambiguous cases. Specifically, the reported low false positive rates are interesting for an accurate and personalised care workflow.
Development and Optimization of Mirabegron Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as an Oral Drug Delivery for Overactive Bladder
Authors: Raut Prajakta , Gambhire Makarand , Panchal Dhruvi , Gambhire Vaishali 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Mirabegron (MBN), a β-3 adrenergic agent, is used in the treatment of
overactive bladder. MBN has alow water solubility, high first-pass metabolism, and low bioavailability,
consequently having poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Objective:
The present study is intended to formulate Mirabegron-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
(MBN-SLN) coated with PEG-400 to bypass hepatic first-pass metabolism and to improve its oral
bioavailability.

Methods:
MBN-SLNs were developed using glyceryl monostearate by pre-emulsion-ultrasonication
method, which was then optimized applying Box-Behnken Design. The optimized batch of
MBN-SLN was selected for surface-modification with PEG-400 (MBN-PEG-SLN) and characterized
by photon correlation spectroscopy, DSC, and XRD. Bioavailability studies were conducted in
Wistar rats after oral administration of plain MBN dispersion, MBN-SLN, and MBN-PEG-SLN.

Results:
Stable MBN-SLNs and MBN-PEG-SLN of the optimized batch having a mean particle
size of 162.7 nm and 149.9 nm; zeta potential of -39.1 mV and -30.9 mV; % entrapment of 89.90%
and 90.12%, respectively, were developed. The results of the in vitro drug release studies demonstrated
a significant slow release of MBN from MBN-SLN (69.38%) and MBN-PEG-SLN (61.33%)
as compared to the dispersion of pure drug (92.10%). The relative bioavailability, as a result of the
in vivo studies, of MBN from MBN-PEG-SLN increased by 2-fold, based on the Cmax values, in
comparison with the plain MBN dispersion.

Conclusion:
Thus, the study established that the oral bioavailability of MBN could be improved by
the administration of MBN-PEG-SLN. The obtained results indicate SLNs as a potential drug delivery
system for improving the bioavailability of poorly bioavailable drugs such as MBN by abating
the first-pass metabolism.
Optimization of Aqueous Extraction of the Australian Maroon Bush (Scaevola Spinescens R. Br.) to Maximize Bioactive Compound and Antioxidant Yield
Authors: Nguyen Kien Q. , Scarlett Christopher J. , Vuong Quan V. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Scaevola spinescens is an endemic Australian shrub that is linked to various health benefits and traditionally used as medicine by decoction. To date, the extraction efficiency of the plant under various conditions has not been well understood. This study aimed to optimize aqueous extraction conditions of S. spinescens, for maximum extraction of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and saponins, as well as antioxidant activities.

Methods:
Response surface methodology was used to determine the influence of four independent parameters including temperature, time, sample-to-water ratio and pH. The optimal ranges of temperature (60-90 °C), time (30-60 min), sample-to-water ratio (2-6 g/100 mL) and pH (3-7) were determined in preliminary experiments. Following assessment and optimization of the response surface methodology models, validation experiments were conducted to compare predicted and experimental values.

Results :
The RSM models showed that extraction temperature, time and sample-to-water ratio significantly affected total phenolic compound yields. Extraction temperature and time significantly affected flavonoid yields, while only sample-to-water ratio significantly affected saponin yields. Optimal conditions for extraction were determined to be: 90 ºC, 53 min, 2:100 (g/mL), and pH of 4.5, if saponins are the target compounds for extraction. For phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity, a higher sample-to-water ratio of 6:100 (g/mL) is recommended.

Conclusion:
Response surface methodology proved to be a reliable method for predicting yields of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in S. spinescens. These findings can be used for efficient decoction by practitioners and end users, or by researchers for further isolation and purification of bioactive compounds from S. spinescens extracts.
Air Conditioning Load Prediction of an Office Building Based on Long
Short Term Memory Neural Network
Authors: Zhuang Mengxiang , Zhu Qixin 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Energy conservation has always been a major issue in our country, and
the air conditioning energy consumption of buildings accounts for the majority of the energy
consumption of buildings. If the building load can be predicted and the air conditioning equipment
can respond in advance, it can not only save energy but also extend the life of the equipment.

Introduction:
The neural network proposed in this paper can deeply analyze the load
characteristics through three gate structures, which helps improving the prediction accuracy.
Combined with the grey relational degree method, the prediction speed can be accelerated.

Method:
This paper introduces a grey relational degree method to analyze the factors related to air
conditioning load and selects the best ones. A Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network
(LSTMNN) prediction model was established. In this paper, grey relational analysis and LSTMNN
are combined to predict the air conditioning load of an office building, and the predicted results are
compared with the real values.

Results:
Compared with the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) prediction model and
Support Vector Machine (SVM) prediction model, the simulation results show that this method has
a better effect on air conditioning load prediction.

Conclusion:
Grey relational degree analysis can extract the main factors from the numerous data,
which is more convenient and quicker without repeated trial and error. LSTMNN prediction model
not only considers the relation of air conditioning load on time series but also considers the
nonlinear relation between load and other factors. This model has higher prediction accuracy,
shorter prediction time, and great application potential.
Profil Darah Rusa Totol (Axis axis) Betina Sehat di Pusat Inovasi Agroteknologi (PIAT), Universitas Gadjah Mada
Authors: Adji Dhirgo , Astuti Dian 
Published: January 2021

Center for Agrotechnology Innovation, Gadjah Mada University (PIAT), one of the place for development and breeding ground of spotted deer in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study of blood profiles was intended to allow veterinarian to understand the normal profile of the spotted deer. Fifteen healthy spotted deer belonging to PIAT were used as experimental animals. The deer were drawn its blood through the jugular vein without the use of anaesthesia. Blood was then accommodated in an EDTA tube, centrifuged at 2500 RPM and analyzed using a Mindray BC-2800 haematology analyzer machine. Based on the results of the study of the blood it were known that Haemoglobine (Hb) was: 11.5 ± 1.703 g/dl, Red blood cells (RBC) was: 9.3 ± 3.580 106/ml, Packed cell volume (PCV) was: 30.8 ± 6.035 %, Mean corpuscular Volume (MCV) was: 36.8 ± 11.102 fl, Mean corpuscular haemoglobine (MCH) was: 15.0 ± 7.313 pg, Mean corpuscular haemoglobine concentration (MCHC) was: 40.0 ± 14.657 g/dl, White blood cells (WBC) was: 6.4 ± 3.096 103/ml , Neutrophils was: 43.4 ± 21.646, % Basophils was: 0.2 ± 0.168 %, eosinophils was: 0.4 ± 0.447 %, lymphocytes was: 53.4 ± 21.546 % and monocytes was: 2.6 ± 2.394 %. From all of the datas it indicated that blood profiles of PIAT’s spotted deers are different from similar spotted deer blood profiles in India.