O-213 Slow day 5 development affects implantation potential of fresh transferred embryos but not birthweight once pregnancy occurs: A multi-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Watson K , Ong K , Korman I , Turner R , Vollenhoven B , Zander-Fox D , Liu Y 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Study question
Does slow development of fresh transferred day 5 embryos lead to decreased implantation potential and birthweight?

Summary answer
Slow day 5 development was associated with reduced implantation potential when transferred fresh but the subsequent birthweight of the resulting baby was not impacted.

What is known already
Slow development of in vitro cultured cleavage stage embryos is associated with reduced blastocyst development and implantation rates. There is no current consensus regarding whether to transfer fresh slow developing day 5 embryos or to extend culture for a subsequent day with potential for cryopreservation. It is therefore important to understand the true prognosis of fresh transferred day 5 embryos at less advanced developmental stages. This would provide evidence based guidelines for the decision making process in regard to embryo transfer.

Study design, size, duration
This is a retrospective multi-center cohort study, including 1213 consecutive patients undergoing autologous oocyte in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment during 2016-2019,with fresh transfer of a single day 5 embryo (selection based on developmental stage and inner cell mass and trophectoderm morphology if blastocyst was at the ≥expanding stage). Cycle data were collected from 4 associated private clinics, with repeat cycles of same patients excluded to avoid clustering effect at statistical analysis.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
Live birth and birthweight were followed up in all 1213 fresh day 5 SETs. Multiple regression (logistic or linear) was performed to investigate association between slow day 5 development (defined as ≤ early blastocyst) and (a)live birth, (b) birthweight, and (c) gestation-adjusted birthweight (Z score) to account for gestational age, gender and compared to embryos at ≥ expanded stage. Results were expressed as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)or coefficients (β).

Main results and the role of chance
No implantation was achieved following single fresh transfer of day 5 embryos that failed to reach early blastocyst stage (n = 76) and were transferred as ≤ morula stage. Live birth rate was significantly lower following single day 5 fresh transfer of an early blastocyst (n = 237, 16%), in comparison to expanding (n = 329, 27%, P = 0.001), expanded(n = 392, 41%, P = 0.000), and hatching/hatched blastocysts (n = 169, 44%, P = 0.000). After adjusting for potential confounding factors including; maternal age, hours post insemination at day 5 assessment, number of oocytes collected, number of 2PN embryos, and number of embryos frozen; multiple logistic regression showed significantly reduced likelihood of live birth resulting from early blastocysts in reference to those at the expanding (aOR=0.584, 0.371-0.917, P = 0.020), expanded (aOR=0.322, 0.208-0.501, P = 0.000), or hatching/hatched stages (aOR=0.255, 0.147-0.443, P = 0.000). However, multivariate linear regression indicated that early blastocysts resulting in a live birth (n = 39) did not lead to altered birthweight (β=-9.091, P = 0.904; β=-34.960, P = 0.343; β=-26.074, P = 0.414; respectively) or Z score (β = 0.045, P = 0.706; β=-0.051, P = 0.426; β=-0.028, P = 0.506; respectively) in reference to the expanding (n = 90), expanded (n = 160), or hatching/hatched stages (n = 75).

Limitations, reasons for caution
The retrospective nature of this study does not allow controlling of unknown confounders. The 4 participating clinics are associated within the same network with shared protocols, therefore, results may not be generalized to other clinics with different settings.

Wider implications of the findings
The findings suggest no clinical value of fresh day 5 transfer of embryos ≤morula stage. Although early blastocysts implant at reduced rate, assuring birthweight outcomes suggest clinical value. Future studies intend to investigate slow growing day 5 fresh transfers versus embryos that were slow growing but transferred after day 6.

Trial registration number
NA