bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox Ladder of Ni3 Complexes with Closed‐Shell, Mono‐, and Diradical Triphenylene Units: Molecular Models for Conductive 2D MOFs
Authors: Yang Luming , Dincă Mircea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report the isolation and characterization of a series of trinickel complexes with 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaoxytriphenylene (HOTP), [(Me3TPANi)3(HOTP)](BF4)n (Me3TPA=N,N,N‐tris[(6‐methyl‐2‐pyridyl)methyl]amine) (n=2, 3, 4 for complexes 1, 2, 3). These complexes comprise a redox ladder whereby the HOTP core displays increasingly quinoidal character as its formal oxidation state changes from −4, to −3, and −2 in 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No formal oxidation state changes occur on Ni, allowing the isolation of singlet diradical, monoradical, and closed‐shell configurations for HOTP in 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with a concomitant decrease in the spin coupling strength upon oxidation. Because the three complexes can be considered models of the smallest building blocks of 2D conductive metal‐organic frameworks such as Ni9HOTP4, these results serve as possible inspiration for the construction of extended materials with targeted electric and magnetic properties.
Two novel Cu (II) levofloxacin complexes with different bioactive nitrogen‐based ligands; single‐crystal X‐ray and various biological activities determinations
Authors: Mubarak Asem , Abu Ali Hijazi , Metani Munther 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwo new copper (II) complexes with the third generation quinolone antibacterial agent levofloxacin, 2‐aminopyridine and 2,2′‐bipyridine nitrogen‐based ligands with the following molecular structures [Cu (levo)2(2‐ampy)].6.25H2O (1) and [Cu (levo)(H2O)(2,2‐bipy)](NO3).2.5H2O (2) were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods and others. The crystal structure of complex 1 revealed that the Cu (II) cation is coordinated to two bidentate chelating levofloxacinato ligands, and one monodentate 2‐ampy ligand in the axial position forming a slightly distorted square pyramidal geometry. The mononuclear cationic complex 2 was determined in the triclinic crystal system and the chiral space group P1 with four molecules per unit cell in which the Cu (II) cation is coordinated to one bidentate chelating levofloxacinato ligand, one bidentate 2,2‐bipy, and one water molecule in a distorted square pyramidal geometry. In vitro antibacterial activities for the complexes and their parent ligands against four gram‐negative bacteria (Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia) and four gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis) using the agar diffusion method have been determined with inhibition zone diameter (IZD) values between 29 and 46 mm. In addition, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) have been investigated. The MIC results of complexes 1 and 2 showed significant antibacterial activities against the P. mirabilis and B. subtilis than levofloxacin.
3D printing acrylated epoxidized soybean oil reinforced with functionalized cellulose by UV curing
Authors: Liu Zengshe , Knetzer Daniel A. , Wang Jifu , Chu Fuxiang , Lu Chuanwei , Calvert Paul D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this research, a 3D printing technique was employed for processing biobased composites of polyacrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) with modified ethyl cellulose macromonomer (ECM). In this 3D printing process, objects are built in a layer‐by‐layer fashion by depositing formulated liquid solutions on a platform and rapidly transformed into a solid film cured by UV light. The sustainable materials consisting of ECM and AESO biopolymer were examined for their physical and thermal properties. Samples with different ECM and AESO weight ratios were prepared. Tensile test results showed the ECM‐AESO composites had higher strength and stiffness than AESO alone. Their tensile strengths with ECM weight contents from 30 wt.% to 5 wt.% are between 11.5 MPa and 5.9 MPa and Young's moduli are between 167 MPa and 56 MPa, compared to AESO polymer itself with 4.3 MPa and 27.4 MPa, respectively. Further, the glass transition temperatures of all ECM‐AESO composites were increased from 57.4 to 82.2°C, compared to AESO polymer itself with 47.1°C. Thermal properties of the ECM‐AESO composites are stable up to 325°C. These materials may be of great environmental interest because these composites consist of high amounts of agricultural resources.
High‐resolution airborne Light Detection and Ranging data, ethics and archaeology: Considerations from the northeastern United States
Authors: Johnson Katharine M. , Ives Timothy H. , Ouimet William B. , Sportman Sarah P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPublicly available Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) datasets have become widely accessible in the northeastern United States and beyond in the past 10 years. The increase in dataset availability and accessibility coupled with a number of publications detailing the types of cultural features that can be identified has made it necessary to explore and discuss positive impacts and risks to cultural features on this landscape. Access to detailed, documented locations of archaeological resources at state or federal agencies in the United States is typically limited to those with certain credentials, yet many locations of features and sites, both documented and undocumented, are now available to anyone who can access these datasets and effectively interpret them. This presents a challenge for cultural resource management professionals and the field of archaeology; for while LiDAR datasets have had many positive impacts, it is not yet obvious what the unintended impacts of feature exposure might be. Risks to sites are worth considering in the northeastern United States, where (1) region‐wide LiDAR data are publicly available and accessible, (2) many cultural features are widely accessible and not well monitored and (3) case studies have been published that provide guidance on how to identify specific types of cultural landscape features using LiDAR data. We discuss the nuances of those topics here, provide examples of how the datasets have impacted archaeology in the northeastern United States and explore possible mitigation strategies to maintain data accessibility while also protecting important cultural features in this region.
Optimal power‐constrained control of distributed systems with information constraints
Authors: Causevic Vedad , Abara Precious Ugo , Hirche Sandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a special case of stochastic distributed optimal control, where the objective is to design a structurally constrained controller for a system subject to state and input power constraints. The structural constraints are induced by the directed communication between local controllers over a strongly connected graph. Based on the information structure present, that is, who knows what and when, we provide a control synthesis with the optimal control law consisting of two parts: one that is based on the common information between the subsystems and one that uses more localized information. The developed method is applicable to an arbitrary number of physically interconnected subsystems.
Neuroprotective effects of metformin on cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury by regulating PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Ruan Cailian , Guo Hongtao , Gao Jiaqi , Wang Yiwei , Liu Zhiyong , Yan Jinyi , Li Xiaoji , Lv Haixia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetformin (Met) is a commonly used drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Currently, it has been found that Met can effectively reduce the incidence of stroke and exert anti‐inflammatory effects. However, its role in ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R)‐induced nerve injury remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Met in I/R‐induced neuron injury as well as the underlying mechanism. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, which were then treated with different doses of Met. Neurological deficits of rats were measured at different times post‐surgery. TTC staining was done to observe the volume of cerebral infarction. HE staining was performed to observe pathological changes of brain tissues. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expression of inflammatory factors in the cerebral tissues. qRT‐PCR method was used to detect the relative expression of PI3K, Akt mRNA in cells after 24 h of drug action. Western blot method was used to detect the expression of PI3K, p‐PI3K, Akt, and p‐Akt in hippocampus. What is more, in vitro experiments were performed on BV2 microglia to verify the role of Met against oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD). As a result, Met dose‐dependently attenuated neurological deficits and neuronal apoptosis. Besides, Met administration also significantly reduced BV2 cells apoptosis and inflammatory response. Mechanistically, Met inactivated PI3K/Akt pathway induced by I/R and OGD, while it upregulated PI3K. In conclusion, Met protected rats from cerebral I/R injury via reducing neuronal apoptosis and microglial inflammation through PI3K/Akt pathway.
Disease‐inclusive exercise classes improve physical fitness and reduce depressive symptoms in individuals with and without Parkinson's disease—A feasibility study
Authors: Stuckenschneider Tim , Abeln Vera , Foitschik Tina , Abel Thomas , Polidori Maria Cristina , Strüder Heiko K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeExercise is an adjunctive treatment in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD), but barriers such as health status, fear of overexertion, and lack of transportation to the location prevent regular exercise participation. Disease‐inclusive exercise classes may offer an opportunity to make exercise more accessible for older adults with and without diseases. However, the efficacy of such heterogenous exercise classes is still widely unknown. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to analyze the feasibility of disease‐inclusive exercise classes in older adults with and without PD.MethodsTwenty‐one older adults (healthy older adults (HOA): n = 13; PD: n = 8) completed an 8‐week multimodal exercise intervention in supervised group sessions. Exercise classes lasted 60 min with the goal of two participations a week. We assessed physical fitness (timed up and go test [TUG], 6‐minute walking test [6MWT], single leg stance), depressive symptoms and cognitive functions, and we determined growth factors (BDNF & IGF‐1) before and after the intervention to determine the effects and by that, the feasibility of a disease‐inclusive exercise program. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to establish changes.ResultsTUG and 6MWT improved significantly after the training in both HOA (p = .008; p < .001) and individuals with PD (p = .024; p < .001). Furthermore, individuals with PD increased single leg stance left (p = .003). HOA (p = .003) and individuals with PD (p = .001) decreased their depressive symptoms between pre‐ and post‐test significantly. Whereas growth factors tended to improve, no differences in cognitive functions were revealed.ConclusionDisease‐inclusive multicomponent exercise improved physical functions and reduced depressive symptoms independent of health status. This should encourage exercise providers, researchers, and clinicians to further investigate disease‐inclusive exercise, because they may have an important social impact and represent a more inclusive society.
Clinical impact of follow‐up imaging on mortality in Korean breast cancer patients: A national cohort study
Authors: Jung So‐Youn , Kim Young Ae , Lee Dong‐Eun , Joo Jungnam , Back Joung Hwan , Kong Sun‐Young , Lee Eun Sook 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs the incidence of breast cancer has increased and the survival rate has improved, supporting the optimal follow‐up strategy has become an important issue. This study aimed to evaluate follow‐up imaging usage after breast cancer surgery and the implications on mortality in Korea.MethodsThis study included 96,575 breast cancer patients diagnosed during 2002–2010 and registered in the Korea Central Cancer Registry, Statistics Korea, and Korean National Health Insurance Service. We evaluated the frequency of breast imaging (mammography and breast MRI) and systemic imaging for evaluating the presence of distant metastasis (chest CT, bone scan, and PET‐CT), and performed analyses to determine if they had an effect on mortality.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 72.9 months (range: 12.0–133.3) and 7.5% of the patients died. Among all patients, 54.7%, 16.2%, 45.6%, and 8.5% received 3 or more mammograms, chest CTs, bone scans, and PET‐CTs within 3 years after surgery, respectively. Among patients who developed recurrence after 3 or more years, a comparison of overall mortality and breast‐cancer specific mortality according to the frequency of imaging by modality (<3 vs. ≥3) showed that only mammography had significantly reduced mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.61–0.84, p < 0.0001; HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.61–0.84; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis study showed that only frequent mammography reduced mortality and frequent imaging follow‐up with other modalities did not when compared to less frequent imaging. This finding provides supportive evidence that clinicians need to adhere to the current guidelines for surveillance after breast cancer surgery.
Factors that contribute to student success and satisfaction at Brandman University
Authors: Echols Diana Gilmer , Shukla‐Belmontes Monica P. , Lege Gerald F. , Zipnick Deborah J. , Perez Ben , Kalinski Felix , Edwards Paula L. , Moodian Margaret M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMethodsThe Brandman University Strut Learning platform offers a set of analytics that can be utilized by Academic Coaches, Tutorial Faculty, and Administrators as student performance metrics. Reports summarizing that data have indicators for student progress in the program, competency, and learning activity level, as well as topics and subtopics with which the students may need additional support. We began this investigation by assuming that our dependent variable, student success, should be measured by the length of time required for completing the competency (Note: some of the concluding remarks pertain directly to this decision, and points to future directions for the investigation). Our intention was to evaluate the relationship that our dependent variable might have statistically with seventeen independent variables all related to student satisfaction, including: Academic Coaching, Online Writing and Math Center, Library Support, and Tutorial Faculty Support.FindingsIt was speculated that satisfaction about the individual services involved might be related to overall satisfaction with the program. The Student Services that showed the greatest correlation between satisfaction in individual services and overall satisfaction.ConclusionWe found strong statistical association between students’ beliefs about the importance of a student service and their satisfaction in that same service. We also found strong statistical association between students’ satisfaction in individual student services and their satisfaction overall in the program. However, we found a weak association in the most critical area – whether the satisfaction in the student services is related to our definition of student success.
Highly Efficient and Recyclable Porous Organic Polymer Supported Iridium Catalysts for Dehydrogenation and Borrowing Hydrogen Reactions in Water
Authors: Li Jiahao , Liu Hongqiang , Zhu Haiyan , Yao Wei , Wang Dawei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBenzothiazole‐doped porous organic polymers (POP‐MBTS) were synthesized from a copolymerization reaction of 2‐(6‐(4‐vinylphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl)benzo[d]thiazole with divinylbenzene. The corresponding POP‐MBTS‐Ir was obtained and fully characterized using SEM, TEM, EDS, TGA, XPS, and N2 sorption isotherms, which disclosed that this catalyst has a high surface area, hierarchical porosity, and thermodynamic stability. Importantly, this catalyst revealed a high catalytic activity for ten different kinds of borrowing hydrogen and dehydrogenation reactions in water with a good recovery performance. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations were conducted for the synthesis of triazine derivatives.
Qualitative Comparison of Valuation Methods for Power Plants and Flexibility
Authors: Wehkamp Steffen , Kusch Pavel Wilhelm , Marx Gómez Jorge 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe financial valuation of power plants is an important instrument for investment planning. The environment of the energy sector, which is strongly influenced by renewable energies, is changing. The shift to decentralized supply has an impact on the technical complexity of the energy system and requires congestion management. In such a transitioning system, flexibility is gaining a more important function in the valuation of power plants. Existing valuation methods are examined as to how flexibility and marketing options are taken into account. The comparison of the existing valuation methods showed that the valuation results are strongly dependent on the method used and the technology investigated. There is a lack of validation of the methods through quantitative evaluation.
Diagnosis of the Cane Sugar Crystallization Process by Multifractal Analysis of Temperature Time Series
Authors: Moguel-Castañeda Jazael G. , Romero-Bustamante Jorge A. , Velazquez-Camilo Oscar , Puebla Hector , Hernandez-Martinez Eliseo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe monitoring and diagnosis of crystallization processes are difficult due to the interaction of nucleation and crystal growth phenomena. In recent years, image and time series analysis using fractal methodologies showed potential as an alternative for monitoring crystal growth, although the available results are scarce. In this work, the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF‐DFA) was applied to temperature time series obtained from a laboratory‐scale cane sugar crystallization operated at different operating conditions. MF‐DFA reflects that the crystallization process exhibits multifractal properties associated with the dynamic behavior of the underlying phenomena. Thus, multifractal analysis can identify how operational changes influence the crystal growth and formed crystal mass.
Global Convection Characteristics of Conical Taylor‐Couette Flow with Shear‐Thinning Fluids
Authors: Masuda Hayato , Iyota Hiroyuki , Ohmura Naoto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA method to intensify the mixing process of scalar components within shear‐thinning fluids is proposed. A conical Taylor‐Couette flow enabled fluid elements to circulate in the entire fluid column owing to the global circulation flow (i.e., meridional flow) for keeping good local mixing within Taylor cells. The global convection and mixing characteristics were numerically investigated. The meridional flow was found to be enhanced with increasing shear‐thinning. In addition, the mixing performance was evaluated using a passive tracer. Global mixing with shear‐thinning fluids was promoted by the enhanced meridional flow compared with that of Newtonian fluids. Therefore, the conical Taylor‐Couette apparatus could be used for intensifying mixing processes in shear‐thinning fluid systems.
Metal–Organic Frameworks‐Derived Self‐Supported Carbon‐Based Composites for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Cong Yikang , Huang Shengsheng , Mei Yan , Li Ting‐Ting 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic water splitting has been considered as a promising strategy for the sustainable evolution of hydrogen energy and storage of intermittent electric energy. Efficient catalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting are urgently demanded to decrease the overpotentials and promote the sluggish reaction kinetics. Carbon‐based composites, including heteroatom‐doped carbon materials, metals/alloys@carbon composites, metal compounds@carbon composites, and atomically dispersed metal sites@carbon composites have been widely used as the catalysts due to their fascinating properties. However, these electrocatalysts are almost powdery form, and should be cast on the current collector by using the polymeric binder, which would result in the unsatisfied electrocatalytic performance. In comparison, a self‐supported electrode architecture is highly attractive. Recently, self‐supported metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed by coordination of metal centers and organic ligands have been considered as suitable templates/precursors to construct free‐standing carbon‐based composites grown on conductive substrate. MOFs‐derived carbon‐based composites have various merits, such as the well‐aligned array architecture and evenly distributed active sites, and easy functionalization with other species, which make them suitable alternatives to non‐noble metal‐included electrocatalysts. In this review, we intend to show the research progresses by employment of MOFs as precursors to prepare self‐supported carbon‐based composites. Focusing on these MOFs‐derived carbon‐based nanomaterials, the latest advances in their controllable synthesis, composition regulation, electrocatalytic performances in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and overall water splitting (OWS) are presented. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are showed for the further developments of MOFs‐derived self‐supported carbon‐based nanomaterials in electrocatalytic reactions.
Bovine serum albumin‐coated titanium dioxide modified electrochemical interface for enantioselective discrimination of D/L‐aspartic acid
Authors: Wei Xiaofeng , Chen Ying , He Shan , Lian Huiting , Cao Xuegong , Liu Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to the similar physicochemical properties, the discrimination of chiral isomers faces huge challenges in drug production and biochemical analysis. Herein, the bovine serum albumin‐coated titanium dioxide (bovine serum albumin [BSA]/TiO2) was modified as a novel electrochemical interface for efficient, simple, and enantioselective discrimination of aspartic acid enantiomers (D/L‐Asp) based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Utilizing the structural characteristics of large cavity and high specific surface area, TiO2 material provided sufficient space for adequate loading of BSA. The BSA/TiO2 electrochemical interface was successfully fabricated to support abundant chiral recognition sites. The enantioselective discrimination of D/L‐Asp was achieved on the interface with a good linear relationship against the impedance difference in the concentration range from 1 to 1000 nM with the detection limit of 0.37 nM for L‐Asp and 0.94 nM for D‐Asp, reaching the identification coefficient (Ic = KL/KD) of 1.85. The proposed interface is easy to form with a stable formation of BSA in TiO2 microporous architecture, which maintained the desired stability and reproducibility. For the unknown racemic solution, Ic levels of different enantio‐ratios of D/L‐Asp were effectively obtained to evaluate the chiral percentage of racemic sample. The possible mechanism of chiral recognition by density function theory (DFT) was confirmed with a stronger adsorption to L‐Asp in accordance with our experiment results, reinforcing the validity of our presented interface. The BSA/TiO2 electrochemical interface with robust enantioselective discrimination of D/L‐Asp has great potential for the practical application in pharmaceutical surveillance and food security.