bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on the investigation of morphometric differentiation among mantis shrimp (Stomatopods) in South Madura Waters, Indonesia
Authors: Zairion  , Pardhini V , Hakim A A , Wardiatno Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mantis shrimp is one of the fishery resources with a high species variation and wide distribution area that cause differences in morphometric characteristics and population mixing. This study purposed to identify and compare the morphometric characters of mantis shrimp (Stomatopods) as well species kindship in South Madura waters, Indonesia. The study was conducted from October 2019 until January 2020 with specimen collecting from three locations south of Madura. Three types of dominant mantis shrimps caught were chosen for the investigation of morphometric differentiation. Morphometric characters were observed with the standard method and truss network analysis (TNA). Based on certain morphological characters, those mantis shrimp species were Harpiosquilla harpax, Miyakella sp., and Oratosquillina sp. Kruskal Wallis analysis resulted in a difference of 14 from 15 characters with the standard method, and 47 from 56 characters with truss network analysis. Cluster analysis showed that Miyakella sp. and Oratosquillina sp. have a close relationship compared to Harpiosquilla harpax. Moreover, the dominant mantis shrimp populations in the south of Madura formed two species of kindship groups.
Methane (CH4) Emission Flux Estimation in SRI (System of Rice Intensification) Method Rice Cultivation Using Different Varieties and Fertilization
Authors: Nihayah B , Nugroho B D A , Hasanah N A I , Saputra Rido 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The agricultural sector is one of the contributors of the greenhouse gasses emission especially CO2, CH4 and N2O. In its agricultural practice, rice paddy fields in Indonesia is cultivated twice to three times a year. Conventional rice planting method using water inundation and chemical fertilizer can result in the increase of greenhouse gasses emission. One of those gasses is methane (CH4). Methane is formed through the decomposition of organic materials anaerobically in the rhizosphere with the help of methanogenic microbes. The release of methane can be influenced by several factors among them are the nature of the soil, irrigation system, fertilization and varieties used. The strategy to reduce emission conducted in this research are the usage of varieties that are considered to be low on methane emission such as Ciherang and IR64, rice paddy cultivation SRI (System of Rice Intensification) method using intermittent irrigation as well as fertilization. The setting of the intermittent irrigation uses IoT based (Internet of Thing) sensor technology for water level adjustment. The aim of this research is to analyze the methane flux produced from SRI method rice paddy cultivation based on the varieties used and different kinds of fertilization.
Biochemical Characterizations of Selected Indigenous Endophytic Bacteria Potential as Growth Promoters and Biocontrol Agents on Tomato
Authors: Yanti Y , Hamid H , Reflin  , Yaherwandi  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nine indigenous endophytic bacteria strains showing the best ability to promote growth and control tomato pathogens had been screened in our previous research. The strains’ biochemical properties, such as nutrition and other traits, must be characterized to design the best formulations for the strains’ biochemical properties. This study aimed to describe the biochemical characteristics of the selected indigenous endophytic bacteria. The variables observed were utilization of carbon sources (glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, glycerol, and olive oil), nitrogen sources (peptone, yeast extract, urea, NH4Cl, NH4SO4, and NH4NO3), and citrate, hydrolytic activities (urease, triple sugar iron, starch hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis, chitinase, cellulase, protease, lipase, and catalase), oxidative/fermentative assay, salt tolerance, and growth ability at 4° and 44°C. This study showed that all the endophytic bacteria strains characterized had various biochemical characteristics. All strains showed the different ability to utilize nitrogen and carbon source. Some strains survived to grow at 4°C except Bacillus cereus AGBE 1.2 TL. All strains tolerate growth in 4% NaCl concentrations, while some strains can tolerate up to 6%. This result can be used for further studies to develop the most suitable formulations for each strain to get the best results of the growth-promoting and biocontrol activities of the indigenous endophytic bacteria strains.
Pre-harvest oil palm FFB nondestructive evaluation technique using thermal-imaging device
Authors: Makky M , Cherie D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Oil Palm is widely cultivated in Indonesia due to its superior economical value. Currently, oil palm plantations have many challanges, particularly the time of harvesting. Many losses occurred during this process and therefore, they need best harvesting practice to obtain good results. While the quality of oil palm fresh fruits bunch (FFB) (i.e. ripeness) can be determined after harvest, a pre-harvest assessment technique is not present at the moment. In this study, we observe FFBs at four different fruit ages, e.g. 120, 140, 160 and 180 days after anthesis (DAA). A non-destructive evaluation was performed by measuring the FFBs surface temperature using a thermal camera. In addition, the influence of ambient temperature and other environment parameters were observed. Afterwards, the FFBs harvested, and its chemical compositions measured. A model developed to correlate the FFB surface temperature with its ripeness. Results showed that, regression model of the ratio of FFB oil content and moisture content with surface temperature has coefficient of determination of 0.6732. Moreover, when FFB surface temperature was correlated with its carotene content using multiple–regression, the model R2 was obtained at 0.8122. In addition, FFB surface temperature can be used to predicted the FFB age with R2 of 0.8344. This suggests a strong correlation between FFB surface temperature and its age. Furthermore, the ratio of FFB oil content and moisture content with its ripeness, and surface temperature, open the opportunity for a more accurate pre-harvest nondestructive evaluation technique to determine optimum harvest window (OHW) prediction of the bunch. The result delivers a solution of better harvesting practice in oil palm industry.
Morphological characterization of Colchicine-induced Mutants in Stevia rebaudiana
Authors: Azizan N I , Shamsiah A , Hasan N A , Hussein S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Stevia rebaudiana is a sweet herb that belongs to the family Asteraceae. Steviol glycosides, a natural sweetener derived from Stevia leaves are 100–300 times sweeter than sucrose and contain a complex mixture of sweet diterpene glycosides. The mutagenic effect of colchicine to improve leaf and steviol glycosides yield in stevia was investigated. Stevia plant were treated with five different colchicine concentrations (0.5%, 1.00%, 1.50%, 2.0%, 2.5% and untreated plantlet (0.0%) act as control) for 48h. The plants were arranged in a completely randomized block design. Treated plants were characterized based on morphological traits such as plant height, leaf length and leaf thickness. The results obtained revealed significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the morphological traits of the mutants when compared with the control. Overall, 2.0% colchicine concentration resulted in higher average plant height by 36.0% ± 0.6 leaf length increments by 43.0%± 0.7 and the leaf thickness increment by 5.0%± 0.1. The improvement of the mutants’ traits is concentration dependent and increases with increment in colchicine concentration. Thus, we therefore suggested that 2.0% concentration should be employed in improving stevia growth and yield related traits.
Supply Response Analysis on the Impact of Climate Change on Oil Palm Production in Malaysia
Authors: Noor W N W M , Nawi N M , Seng K W K , Buda M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Climate change has significantly impact the economic development and trade of developing countries particularly those largely rely on agriculture. According to the World Bank, oil palm was the main contributor of GDP for Malaysia agriculture. Climate change affects oil palm growth and productivity in a number of ways, including reduction in sex-ration, disrupts the pollination process, abortion of newly produced inflorescence, drops in productivity, and increase in ranges and distribution of pests and diseases. Much of the economic researches devoted to employ production function and Ricardian approach. This study, therefore, focuses to model the effect of climate change on oil palm production by using supply response approach. An annual time series data used for the period of 37 years starting from 1980 until 2016, and Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) co-integration_-employed in achieving the objective of the study. Six econometric models consisting of linear and non-linear equations were constructed by incorporating temperature and rainfall as proxies for climate variable to estimate the yield response model. The results revealed that oil palm production was very negatively affected by changes in temperature compared to changes in rainfall. Meanwhile, the planted area and own price upsurge the supply of palm oil. The results also indicated that Model 3 and Model 6 were the best model to represent the linear and non-linear effect of climate_change on oil palm production, respectively. Quantifying the impact of climate change on palm oil production can help policy makers and relevant stakeholders to determine the best adaptation and mitigation measures.
Competitiveness and Effect of Government Policies on Laying Hens Farming Business in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra Province. Indonesia
Authors: Yuzaria D , Wahyuni A R , Fajrin M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to analyze the profitability, competitiveness and the effect of government policy on laying hen business in West Pasaman Regency. Survey was done on 10layer chicken breeders in West Pasaman regency. Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was employed in this survey finding that the laying hens business done was profitable based on the private and social profit. The laying hens farming business’ competitiveness can be seen based on its competitive and comparative excellence. Furthermore, the policy established by the government caused the farmer to spend more money of tradable input on private price than the social price, while the output price on local market was higher making it surplus for the farmer. Thus, the policy established gave negative effect on the tradable input, but positive effect on the output. However, the business of laying hens farming in West Pasaman Regency can be developed through some ways regarding the government policy. First, the government shall give better incentive and provide infrastructure, so that the farmer can increase the production and business scale.
Developing the Competitiveness and Sustainability of Agricultural Cluster Areas Based on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise by Means of Community Entrepreneurship
Authors: Silfia  , Helmi  , Noer M , Henmaidi  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The agricultural cluster area development (ACD) is tied to the local system and is influenced by aggregate factors. This requires the factual entrepreneurial approach to build its competitiveness and sustainability. The question this research aims at answering is why does the development of competitiveness and sustainability of ACD based on SMEs need community entrepreneurship (CE). In the meantime, the purpose of this research is to explain the significance of CE in competitiveness and sustainability of ACD through analysis of the relationship built between the competitiveness of agricultural community entrepreneurship areas and explains how CE develops competitiveness and sustainability of the agricultural cluster area. This research contributes to empirically revealing the relationship and essence of CE with the competitiveness and sustainability of ACD based on SMEs. The research was conducted in Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Data were collected through survey; in-depth interviews, observation, and expert opinion. Data analysis used correlation analysis and qualitative-descriptive method.
Importance Performance Analysis of Dairy Processing Cooperatives for Recommendations on Capacity Building for Small and Medium Enterprises and Cooperatives in the Regional Innovation System of Padang Panjang City, West Sumatra
Authors: Suresti A , Wati R , Agustar A , Hasan A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis research was conducted in order to determine the regional core competencies to accelerate the strengthening of the Regional Innovation System in the City of Padang Panjang which focused on the role of cooperatives as an institutional innovation in the development of a dairy business. In the agribusiness system, the role of cooperatives can be realized to strengthen the upstream agribusiness sub-system, which is related to the provision of input factors needed by farmers, as well as the downstream agribusiness sub-system associated with agricultural product processing activities and marketing. This study aims to explain the role of cooperatives in the development of the people’s dairy cattle agribusiness (the case in the MERSI Cooperative, Padang Panjang City). This research was conducted in Padang Panjang City, West Sumatra Province. Data collection was carried out using survey methods. Respondents in this study were all dairy farmers in the working area of the Mersi Cooperative as well as cooperative managers. Based on themethodImportance and Performance Analysis (IPA), Mersi Cooperative in Padang Panjang City has not played a good role in the people’s dairy cattle agribusiness. This can be seen in the respondent’s assessment of the level of interest of breeders on an average of 4.9 and the performance of cooperatives by breeders only in the 2.7 category.
Design of Micro-Climate Data Monitoring System for Tropical Greenhouse based on Arduino UNO and Raspberry Pi
Authors: Ardiansah I , Bafdal N , Suryadi E , Bono A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The change in global climate has shown us the importance of sustainable environmental monitoring, especially the microclimate in greenhouses. Monitoring is carried out to determine greenhouse data, which differs from outdoor. Internet of Things (IoT) as emergence technology has an important role in collecting microclimate data, IoT is developed using hardware, sensors and software connected to the internet network. This paper implements this by using Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi, DHT11 microclimate sensor to gain microclimate data and store it in cloud applications. Microclimate changes are recorded every minute and displayed on a web page so it can be analysed without visiting the greenhouse. The test results showed that the data recording was successfully carried out, and the microclimate data analysis showed that in the greenhouse there was a weak association between temperature and relative humidity with an R squared of 0.534.
Effects of Seed PEG Immersion And Hydration-Dehydration on Rice Physiological Quality
Authors: Rozen N , Kasim M , Anwar A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Storage of seeds really determines the storability and quality of seeds, because Long-term storage, the seeds will deterioration. Deterioration of seed quality (deterioration) is inevitable but can be slowed by good and proper storage. To maintain seed quality, proper storage methods need to be carried out. The deterioration of the seeds can be improved by seed PEG immersion and hydration-dehydration. The objective of this research is to obtain an appropriate invigoration method to improve physiological seed quality Method: In this research, we used factorial two factors, we examine the effects of PEG immersion and hydration-dehydration treatment on three rice varieties; Batang Piaman, PB42, and IPB3S. Results: The results showed that PEG immersion and hydration-dehydration of three cultivars interacted with the index value. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the invigoration method significantly improves the viability and vigor of Batang Piaman from 50% to 70% and 46.67% to 70% (PEG immersion), respectively.
Biocontrol of Meloidogyne sp. on Tomato Plants by Selected Bacillus spp
Authors: Habazar T , Winarto  , Obel  , Yanti Y , Dani MR , Monica D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Meloidogyne spp., are recognize as the most economically important worldwide. It is difficult to control Meloidogyne spp., because they have wide range of hosts. Due to the high toxicity of chemical nematicides, it is necessary to develop new control strategies. Our previous research showed that some Bacillus spp. effective as biocontrol agents of plant pests and diseases. They have multifunction, such as plant growth promoter, phosphate dissolving bacteria, etc. The aim of this research was to obtain the selected Bacillus spp. to control Meloidogyne spp., to enhance growth and yield of tomato. The treatments were 8 strains of Bacillus spp., Carbofuran, Meloidogyne spp. inoculated tomato and control. The Bacillus spp. have inoculated as seed treatment and seedling treatment before transplanting. The Meloidogyne spp. have inoculated on 4 weeks tomato plants. The parameters were disease development, multiplication of Meloidogyne spp., growth and yield of tomato. The results showed that Bacillus spp. reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs per egg mass and nematode per 300 g soil compared to the inoculated control, but the nematicide treatments was more effective to control Meloidogyne spp. Conversely, three strains of Bacillus spp. showed to enhance the growth and yield of tomato than Carbofuran.
Effect of High Inlet Temperature of Spray Dryer on Viability of Microencapsulated Trichoderma asperellum Conidia
Authors: Ishak A A , Zulkepli F R A , Hayin N F M , Zain N H Md , Sapak Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the use of spray drying for microencapsulating beneficial microbes has gained the interest of researchers, mainly due to dried powder formulation could prevent contamination and prolong self-life of the microbes. The major constraint of spray drying is conidia could lose viability during the drying process due to heat. In this present study, the effect of spray drying inlet temperature on viability of microencapsulated Trichoderma asperellum conidia was assessed. A blend biopolymer of gum Arabic and maltodextrin in ratio of 1:1 was used to microencapsulate the conidia at 150, 160 and 170°C inlet temperatures of spray drying process. Assessment of conidia viability was performed based on conidia percent survival of spray dried (PSsd) and survival increase (SI) unit values. Viability of the microencapsulated conidia was also evaluated their shelf life stored at two different temperatures which were at 28 ±2°C and 4±2°C for 40 weeks. The finding showed that viability of microencapsulated conidia was optimum obtained at inlet temperature of 170°C with 68.2% of PSsd and SI and 17.7 units of SI compared to 15.9% and 1.5 unit respectively obtained for 160°C and 0.2% and 0.7 unit for 150°C. The highest inlet temperature has showed the highest viability compared to lower temperatures. Conidia stored at low temperature of 4 ±2°C has survived longer up to 40 weeks that were confirmed via the viability test. High inlet temperature of 170°C was desirable to enhance survivability and viability of the conidia to be used as biocontrol agent up to 40 weeks at low temperature storage. These microencapsulated conidia could be further tested on their capability to inhibit the pathogen of pineapple disease.
Breeding Efforts on Wild Honey Bee Apis cerana Fabr. within Coconut Plantations in Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra
Authors: Jasmi  , Putra D P , Syarifuddin  , Herwina H , Janra M N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to maximize the potential of wild honey bee Apis cerana, there have been ongoing breeding efforts conducted in three coconut plantations in Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra. The searching for wild honey bee colonies was performed in potential sites in Lancang, Batu Gadang and Pakandangan Villages. There were 20 colonies found in the wild and relocated using hive-to-stub method; 10 colonies were then bred in its original sites while other 10 stubs transferred into farm located in Pakandangan Village. To support the breeding efforts, there was inventory survey carried out at the surrounding of breeding farms to list plants that are food sources for honey bee. From total 60 bee hives found, 32 of them built inside the hollow of dead timber, 18 nests existed in living tree crevices and other 10 nests in various hollowing structures. The successfulness of breeding effort using hiving method before transferred to distance farming location reached 76.66%, much higher than letting the stubs in the original location of wild nests (23.34%). Number of honey combs grew on the first month after transferred was variable between 3-9 frames and 124 frames (35.38%), the breadth of comb up until 75%. Plants for food sources were enlisted until 65 species, in which 20 of them categorized as cultivated and year-round flowering plants.
Vernonia Amygdalina Chlorophyll Content Prediction by Feature Texture Analysis of Leaf Color
Authors: Damayanti R , Riza D F A , Putranto A W , Nainggolan R J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Vernonia amygdalina has been scientifically proven to have activity against various diseases because it contains high antioxidants. The antioxidant content can be related to the chlorophyll content in leaves. Chlorophyll levels increase when the leaves are fully developed which is accompanied by an increase in antioxidants. So, chlorophyll detection by non-invasive sensing can be used to estimate the antioxidant content. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model RGB color as input and leaf chlorophyll content as output. Performance comparisons in each ANN model were carried out to find the best model in predicting leaf chlorophyll content, indicated by the smallest prediction error value. This study aims to model the chlorophyll content of Vernonia amygdalina with ANN analysis. The results showed that the chlorophyll content could be identified using 9 selected color texture features through the filter method feature selection with the best attribute of correlation. The selected ANN structure produces R training of 0.98522, R validation of 0.93417, MSE training of 0.0067, and MSE of validation of 0.0322. The results showed that digital image processing and ANN models have the potential as sensors in detecting the percentage of chlorophyll content of Vernonia amygdalina.
Hybrid Dryer of Cassava Chips
Authors: Warji W , Tamrin T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hybrid type dryer is a dryer whose energy source comes from solar energy and additional gas, electricity or biomass energy. This dryer has transparent walls and is closed so that the sun’s heat can enter the drying room, but rain cannot enter the drying room. This dryer is equipped with a fan that serves to push the heat so that it spreads throughout the drying room. This dryer is equipped with an exhous fan so that moisture is sucked out of the drying chamber. The main source of drying energy comes from solar energy, when the drying cloud is assisted by additional energy and when it rains the main drying energy comes from biogas combustion energy. The hot air flow control slot is designed in the drying chamber so that hot air can flow between the heating racks. The average air temperature in the chamber are 44.5 °C, 47.3 °C and 56.3 °C with heating sources of solar energy, electricity and solar energy with electrical, respectively. Cassava chips can be dried in a hybrid dryer. The initial moisture content of 60% decrease to 10%-12% wet basis. Drying chips using solar energy requires 18 hours of drying, for 16 hours using electrical energy, and 12 using a hybrid of solar energy with electrical energy.