bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Instrument for Controlling Pressure Exerted on the Sclera During Contact Nd: YAG Laser Cyclodestruction
Authors: Fankhauser Franz , Kwasniewska Sylwia , Dürr Ulrich , van der Zypen Eugen , England Ceri , Bättig Beat 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We tested the device described by RoI et al in their article in this issue, designed to define and precisely control the pressure applied to the sclera during contact cyclodestruction with a cw-Nd:YAG laser. Since scleral transparency, and hence transmission of laser energy, depends on the pressure applied, control of this parameter represents an important advance toward the goal of standardizing the cyclodestructive procedure. In eight of nine cadaver pig eyes, pressure was exerted on the sclera using the pressure-controlling device, with a setting of 0.25 N for two of these eyes, and one of 0.4 N for the other six. In the remaining eye, pressure was controlled intuitively by an experienced surgeon. Applying forces of 0.25 or 0.4 IM yielded similar success rates, although these fluctuated greatly even under constant pressure conditions (from 17% to 50% at 0.25 N; from 27% to 42% at 0.4 N). The highest success rate (55%) was achieved by the intuitively controlled pressure irradiations of the experienced surgeon. The variation in coagulation intensity that occurred despite constant pressure suggests that additional factors contribute to the results achieved. Nonetheless, this pressure-controlling probe represents an important achievement. It will permit not only the novice but even experienced operators to adhere unambiguously to a protocol of quantitative, reproducible parameters, and will also help researchers to better understand the relationship between energy delivered and intraocular pressure reduction achieved in contact cyclophotocoagulation.
Simplified Aponeurotic Ptosis Surgery
Authors: Doxanas Marcos T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
I present a simplified aponeurotic ptosis repair that minimizes surgical dissection and enhances the predictability of postoperative eyelid positions. Indications for the procedure are unilateral ptosis, bilateral ptosis where preaponeurotic fat excision is not indicated, mild congenital ptosis, and reoperations from standard levator surgery. The procedure is best suited for surgeons who have a thorough knowledge of the levator aponeurosis anatomy.
Orbital Decompression for Graves' Disease: Exposure Through a Modified Blepharoplasty Incision
Authors: Antoszyk James H , Tucker Nancy , Codère François 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A "transorbital" three-wall decompression through a modified blepharoplasty incision was used to treat 19 orbits for either cosmetic disfigurement or optic neuropathy. In the 14 orbits with disfigurement, surgical retroplacement averaged 5.2 mm; vision improved to 20/40 or better in four of five eyes with optic neuropathy. Complications attributed to the surgery included: acquired strabismus (two transient, one permanent) and infraorbital hypesthesia (one transient, one permanent). This technique's advantages are: 1) a single incision with wide exposure, 2) a low incidence of permanent strabismus, 3} a lateral orbital rim and canthal tendon preservation, and 4) a large reduction in proptosis.
Bilateral Dacryocystitis After Punctal Occlusion With Thermal Cautery
Authors: Marx Jeffrey L , Hillman David S , Hinshaw Kevin D , Olson Jane J , Putterman Allen M , Lam Sheridan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 61-year-old woman developed acute bilateral dacryocystitis secondary to Staphylococcus aureus 3 weeks after undergoing punctal occlusion with thermal cautery for keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The dacryocystitis resolved with intravenous antibiotics, aspiration of the lacrimal sacs, injection of sulfacetamide into the lacrimal sacs, and bilateral dacryocystorhinostomy. Preexisting bilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction was postulated as the underlying cause. In these cases, irrigation of the lacrimal system is recommended before proceeding with punctal occlusion.
Secondary Cataract in Infants After Extracapsular Cataract Extraction and Anterior Vitrectomy
Authors: Spierer Abraham , Desatnik Howard , Blumenthal Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two infants developed secondary cataract after undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, posterior capsulectomy, and anterior vitrectomy. A similar complication developed in a third child, who had undergone ECCE and posterior capsulotomy. The secondary cataracts developed in these patients from 3 to 12 weeks after the primary operation. In infants, unlike adults, posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy after ECCE do not seem always to prevent secondary cataracts. In infants, the complication may be related to IOL implantation.
The Effect of the Laryngeal Mask Airway on Coughing After Eye Surgery Under General Anesthesia
Authors: Thomson Keith D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty-nine patients scheduled for elective eye surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into two groups, A and B. After induction of anesthesia, the airway of those in group A was maintained with a conventional tracheal tube; in group B, with a laryngeal mask airway. In the immediate postoperative period, 13 of the 14 patients in group A coughed; none of those in group B did (P < .001 ).
Accommodative Intraocular Lens with Spring Action-Part 2. Fixation in the Living Rabbit*
Authors: Hara Tsutomu , Hara Takako , Yasuda Akihiro , Mizumoto Yuriko , Yamada Yasuharu 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
After cataracts in 10 eyes of 8 pigmented or albino rabbits had been removed by phacoemulsification, a specially designed 10.0 × 8.5-millimeter accommodative intraocular lens with spring action ("spring IOL") was implanted through a 4.5- to 5.0-millimeter "dumbbell" linear anterior capsular opening. The average follow up was 11 ± 8 months. All the spring IOLs were almost completely fixed in the capsular bag, and the anterior and posterior capsules remained transparent. However, due to limitations specific to the rabbit, no accommodative power could be detected; also, we observed lens epithelial cells and subsequent fibrous production proceeding from the equatorial area into the area between the optics.
Treatment of Distal Occlusion of Krupin Eye Valve With Disk Using Cannular Flush
Authors: Krawitz Paul L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 64-year-old man with neovascular glaucoma underwent implantation of a Krupin valve with disk. On the fifth postoperative day, the patient reported pain in the operative eye; examination revealed a hyphema, an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 52 mm Hg, and no visible bleb. A bleb was reestablished and the IOP markedly decreased following irrigation of the shunt using a 30-gauge cannula through a paracentesis site.
Hypotonus Cyclodialysis Cleft Following Suture Fixation of a Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens
Authors: Small Elizabeth A , Solomon Joel M , Prince Andrew M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 63-year-old man developed hypotony due to a cyclodialysis cleft after suture fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Since medical management and argon laser photocoagulation were unsuccessful, a direct cyclopexy was performed. The intraocular pressure returned to normal postoperatively, and gonioscopy confirmed closure of the cleft. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of cyclodialysis complicating ciliary sulcus fixation of a posterior chamber lens.
Restoration of Intraocular Pressure After Streptococcus Endophthalmitis With Vitrectomy
Authors: Wallace R Trent , O'Day Denis M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A bleb infection and subsequent endophthalmitis developed in the left eye of a 68-year-old man who had had a trabeculectomy. Vitreous injections of vancomycin and gentamicin were given, and vitreous cultures grew alpha-Streptococcus. Postoperatively, as the intraocular inflammation resolved, intraocular pressure (IOP) markedly decreased secondary, in our judgment, to ciliary body ischemia. A pars plana vitrectomy relieved the tractional bands and restored the IOP.
Ab-Interno Sclerostomy Using a Goniodiathermy Instrument
Authors: Brown Steven V L , Higginbotham Eve J , Griffin Eric O , Zou Xiaolian , Edward Deepak 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe the use of a new instrument designed to create a simultaneous goniopuncture with diathermy using an ab-interno technique. The goniodiathermy ab-interno procedure was first performed on three eyes of three cynomolgus monkeys. Intraocular pressure (IOP) assessment and histologic examination were performed over a 10-day period. A functioning filtration bleb with a patent sclerostomy was achieved in all of the experimental eyes. A pilot study involving four eyes of four glaucoma patients also was performed. Of these four, successful long-term functioning filtration areas with adequate lowering of IOP were achieved in only two. The remaining two required further surgical intervention. Although combining goniopuncture and diathermy into a one-step ab-interno procedure proved successful in the primates studied, the preliminary use of this new instrument as a method of creating a filter in humans raises questions regarding its clinical usefulness.
A Comparison of Two Semi-Quantitative Surgical Keratometers: The Modified Hyde Ruler and the Barrett Keratoscope With "Astigmatic Dial"
Authors: Morlet Nigel , Lindsay Peter , Cooke Peter 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Hyde astigmatic ruler is an inexpensive, semiquantitative, hand-held, surgical keratometer that we modified by geometrically calculating the correct shape of its ellipses. The Barrett keratoscope is a cheap, disposable, qualitative keratometer that, unlike the Hyde ruler, produces a bright corneal image. We designed a transparent overlay, or "astigmatic dial," to use with the keratoscope. This overlay determines the magnitude of astigmatism and sets the distance the keratoscope is held from the cornea by direct comparison with the corneal image. Using a model cornea, we compared our modified Hyde ruler with the Barrett keratoscope and astigmatic dial to determine the accuracy of measurement provided by each. Both instruments had good predictive values for the true astigmatism; however, the Barrett keratoscope/astigmatic dial provided more consistent measurements of the astigmatism.
We believe the keratoscope and dial provide a cheap, convenient, and accurate alternative to the more expensive microscope-mounted keratometers.
Persistent Torulopsis Magnoliae Endophthalmitis Following Cataract Extraction
Authors: Rosenfeld Steven I , Jost Bradley F , Litinsky Steven M , Gelender Henry , Glatzer Ronald J , Flynn Harry W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Postoperative fungal endophthalmitis typically manifests as an indolent uveitis, weeks to months after surgery. In our patient, Torulopsis magnoliae endophthalmitis appeared as an acute, purulent postoperative endophthalmitis on the third day following extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). The patient required three separate vitrectomy operations with instillation of intravitreal Amphotericin B; the last operation also included complete removal of the posterior capsule and IOL. This case, which is to our knowledge the first reported case of T. magnoliae endophthalmitis, is unusual in that it manifested as an acute, fulminant infection in the early postoperative period and was recalcitrant to standard endophthalmitis therapy.
The Role of Fibroblast Inhibitors on Corneal Healing Following Photorefractive Keratectomy With 193-Nanometer Excimer Laser in Rabbits
Authors: Bergman Ronald H , Spigelman Alan V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Corneal stromal haze has been seen following photorefractive keratectomy with the 193-nanometer excimer laser. Topical antimetabolites aimed at decreasing the haze have been investigated in the rabbit model. We used the VISX 193-nanometer excimer laser to create 6.0-millimeter, -5.00-diopter ablations in 10 Dutch rabbits. Each rabbit was randomized to treatment groups using topical prednisolone acetate, 5-fluorouracil, heparin, prednisolone and heparin, or prednisolone and 5-fluorouracil. Topical agents were instilled twice daily for 2 weeks.
Corneal stromal haze developed in all of the eyes. At 2 weeks, there was a significant difference between the degree of haze in the treated eyes and in the untreated controls (P = .02). At 6 weeks, no significant difference remained (P = .70). There were no significant differences in corneal haze among the treatment groups.
Thus, all treatments reduced haze at 2 weeks, but the effect was transient, with controls clearing to an equivalent haze by 6 weeks. We conclude that the agents investigated in this rabbit model provided only a transient benefit in reducing corneal haze following excimer laser photoablation.
Scleral-Flap Incision for Cataract Surgery
Authors: Nikeghbali A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
I present a technique for creating a three-stage scleral incision for extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, especially useful for cases in which phacoemulsification is contraindicated or aborted. The incision is 5 to 10 mm wide, and the scleral flap is trapezoidal and requires one to three horizontal sutures for closure. The technique was used in 364 consecutive eyes; follow up was 6 months. After 1 week, 80% of these eyes had 1.50 diopters or less of induced keratometric cylinder; at 1 month, 70% had less than 1.00 D. At 6 months, 87% had 0.50 D of against-the-rule cylinder. Less than 6% had elevated intraocular pressure (22 to 28 mm Hg); hyphema developed in 7%. Forty-nine percent had 20/40 or better vision in 1 week; 75% achieved this acuity at 1 month. Final refractions in 87% of the eyes at 6 months were -1.00 (± 0.75) + (± 1.00) × 180°.
This technique provides most of the benefits of small-incision cataract surgery, including rapid, stable visual recovery. IOLs of any optical size can be implanted.
Extraocular Application of Mitomycin C in a Rabbit Model: Cytotoxic Effects on the Ciliary Body and Epithelium
Authors: Mietz Holger , Addicks Klaus , Diestelhorst Michael , Krieglstein Günter K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Since prolonged postoperative hypotony has been a frequent complication of glaucomatous filtration surgery in which mitomycin C (MMC) was used, it is important to determine the intraocular toxic effects of the drug. We placed MMC, in concentrations of 0.05, 0.2, and 1.0 mg/mL on the intact sclera of rabbits and obtained the eyes after 1, 7, and 28 days. Examination of the ciliary epithelium by transmission electron microscopy revealed an electron-dense material near the endoplasmic reticulum. Large intracellular vacuoles were present, and the mitochondria appeared swollen. These findings suggest a toxic effect of MMC on the ciliary epithelium in rabbits after extraocular application, possibly decreasing aqueous production.
Filtration Surgery in Rabbits Treated With Diclofenac or Prednisolone Acetate
Authors: Gwin Todd D , Stewart William C , Gwynn David R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We performed filtration surgery in one eye of each of 28 rabbits. Either a nonsteroid (diclofenac) or a steroid (prednisolone acetate) was given as a postoperative antiinflammatory agent. On no examination day was there a significant difference in the intraocular pressure of the rabbits that had received diclofenac as contrasted with those that had received prednisolone acetate (P > .05, Student's t-test). Neither was there, based on log-rank life-table analysis, any significant difference between the two groups in terms of filtering bleb survival (P = .484). Finally, there were no significant differences on any examination day between the two groups in terms of bleb height or conjunctival injection (P > .05, MannWhitney U-test). We conclude that in this rabbit model for filtration surgery, the postoperative antiinflammatory effect of diclofenac was similar to that of prednisolone acetate.
Because a nonsteroidal agent such as diclofenac that could provide an antiinflammatory effect sufficient to allow optimal bleb survival in humans, without the level of potential side effects of corticosteroids, might be clinically useful, further studies may be warranted.
Straight Needle Corneal Splinting For Anterior Segment Surgery
Authors: Stevens Julian D , Steele Arthur DMcG 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Corneal splinting is an old and well established surgical technique and modern straight needles allow for atraumatic and accurate placement, providing an alternative to suture-fixation scleral ring support. We have routinely used two straight, 150-micrometer diameter, 16-millimeter length suture needles passed through clear cornea, to act as anterior segment splint supports during anterior segment surgery in which the cornea would otherwise collapse. The needles enter through the clear corneal periphery, pass across the anterior chamber, and exit through clear cornea in a criss-cross configuration. This splint technique is quick and easy to perform and is an alternative or addition to suture-fixation scleral ring support.
Neodymium:YAG Laser Iridolenticular Synechiolysis in Uveitis
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Ahuja Sanjay , Garg Sat Pal 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Fifteen patients with "bound down" pupil or ring synechiae associated with chronic granulomatous uveitis in whom dilatation could not be obtained pharmacologically underwent iris-lens synechiolysis using relatively low energies from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Pupil size increased significantly in all of the treated eyes; visual acuity improved in 40%. Postlaser elevated intraocular pressure developed in a significant number, but there were no serious long-term complications associated with the procedure. Although acuity improved in less than half of the patients, because this laser treatment is relatively safe and offers some possibility of visual improvement, we recommend it for routine use, but only if performed by an experienced laser microsurgeon.
Intraocular Lens Replacement: Advantages of a Bimanual Technique With Preset Endoillumination
Authors: Roldán-Palláres Manuela , Manrique Elena 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Performing a vitrectomy using a bimanual technique with a preset light inserted in the inferonasal quadrant of the eye leaves both hands free to grasp an intraocular lens (IOL) completely dislocated into the vitreous cavity. Two additional scleral grooves with flaps (surgeon's view) at the 2:30 and 8:30 o'clock positions (right eye) or at the 3:30 and 9:30 o'clock positions (left eye) allow the haptics to be guided to the desired positions in the ciliary sulcus. This technique allows permanent, controllable relocation of the IOL The haptics of the IOL can be visualized while the suture is placed, and the IOL finally rests near the horizontal meridian, away from the corneoscleral wound.
Ocular Aqueous Humor Dynamics After Photodisruptive Laser Surgery Procedures
Authors: Wetzel Wolfgang 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Iridotomy and capsulotomy using the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser affect ocular aqueous humor dynamics, causing intraocular pressure (IOP) temporarily to rise following these procedures. We measured aqueous outflow facility and aqueous secretion flow by oculopression tonometry in 20 eyes before and after YAG laser iridotomy, and in 19 eyes before and after YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. IOP increased after both laser procedures. Our measurements showed that this elevation must have been caused by a reduction in outflow facility, since aqueous secretion flow actually decreased. In the iridotomy patients, the preoperative outflow facility (in most of the cases, already compromised preoperatively by glaucoma), was directly related to the maximum postoperative IOP elevation. In the capsulotomy patients, postoperative outflow facility was correlated with the total laser energy used. No such correlation was observed in the iridotomy patients. Additionally, in the capsulotomy patients, the type of secondary cataract (ie, proliferative or fibrotic) may have influenced the level of reduction of outflow facility.
Retinal Toxicity of Intravitreally Injected Faeriefungin
Authors: Dunlap Weldon A , Karaçorlu Murat , Peyman Gholam A , Nair M G , Rahimy Mohamad , Pedroza Lia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Faeriefungin is a new antibacterial and antifungal agent derived from a strain of Streptomyces griseus var. autotrophicus. Under anesthesia, 12 albino rabbits underwent injection in their right eyes with 400, 200, 100, 40, 20, and 10 µg of faeriefungin. Retinal toxicity was assessed by electroretinography and light and transmission electron microscopy. Injection of 400 µg resulted in severe retinal toxicity, although indirect ophthalmoscopy was unremarkable. At 200 µg, there was moderate toxicity. Intravitreal injection of concentrations of 100 µg or less produced no neuroretinal toxicity. These data suggest that faeriefungin is a potentially useful drug in the treatment of fungal or bacterial endophthalmitis.
Long-Term Results of Trabeculotomy Ab Externo
Authors: Wada Yuko , Nakatsu Ayako , Kondo Takehisa 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients followed for over 4 years after undergoing trabeculotomy to treat primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) to evaluate the long-term effects of the procedure on intraocular pressure (IOP) control. IOP remained below 15 mm Hg, with no need for postoperative medication in 7 (13.2%) of 53 eyes. IOP was below 15 mm Hg in an additional eight eyes (15.1%) treated with topical medication. Topical medication was needed to maintain IOP between 16 to 20 mm Hg in 23 eyes (43.4%). Oral acetazolamide or additional surgery was needed in 15 (28.3%). A postoperative IOP below 20 mm Hg with or without topical medication was associated with a survival probability of 71.2%,
Our results demonstrated that, although trabeculotomy largely failed to maintain an "ideal" postoperative IOP (below 15 mm Hg), it was not associated with severe operative or postoperative complications such as flat anterior chamber. Thus, the procedure probably should be the first choice not only in uncomplicated cases of congenital glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (as previously established), but also in cases of POAG in young patients with only slight damage to the optic disc or visual field and cases with forward movement of the iris-lens diaphragm.
Superficial Temporal-Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Dailey Roger A , Wilson David J , Putnam Daniel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report finding at surgery a histopathologically-confirmed superficial temporal-artery aneurysm. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this type of aneurysm in the ophthalmic literature. The ophthalmologist must include this condition in the differential diagnosis of a pulsatile and tender temporal artery, especially when a history of trauma is present.
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Orbit in a 35-Year-Old Man
Authors: Mamalis Nick , Grey Allen M , Good James S , McLeish William M , Anderson Richard L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 35-year-old man had rapidly progressive proptosis of the right eye with associated chemosis over a period of several weeks. Computed tomography demonstrated a solid extraconal mass in the inferior anterior right orbit. Pathologic examination revealed the lesion to be an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Consistent with the diagnosis, immunohistochemical assays demonstrated positive staining with myoglobin, desmin, and muscle-specific actin. The lesion grew rapidly and was further surgically excised. Subsequently, treatment with radiation and chemotherapy was initiated. Primary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit is an extremely rare tumor in adults, and, to our knowledge, this patient represents the oldest individual reported to have developed such a tumor, as documented by immunohistochemical analysis.