bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaginal streptococcus B colonization is not associated with increased infectious morbidity in labor induction
Authors: Place Katariina , Rahkonen Leena , Nupponen Irmeli , Kruit Heidi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionLabor induction rates are increasing and, in Finland today, one of three labors is induced. Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a bacterium found in 10%–30% of pregnant women and it can be transmitted to the neonate during vaginal delivery. Although GBS is rarely harmful in the general population, it is the leading cause of severe neonatal infections such as sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. In addition, GBS can cause maternal morbidity. Labor induction in GBS‐positive women has not yet been investigated but concerns of infectious morbidity associated with balloon catheters have been raised.Material and methodsA historical cohort study of 1959 women undergoing labor induction by balloon catheter in Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2017. Women with viable singleton term pregnancy in cephalic presentation, unfavorable cervix (Bishop score <6), and intact amniotic membranes were included. GBS was screened by rapid qualitative in vitro test (XPert® GBS) from vaginal and perineal culture upon admission for labor induction. All women testing positive received prophylactic antibiotics.ResultsOf the women, 469 (23.9%) were GBS‐positive. The rate of maternal intrapartum infection was 7.4%, being lower in the GBS‐positive group compared with the GBS‐negative group (4.7% vs 8.3%; p = 0.01). The rate of maternal postpartum infection was 3.9%, and the rate of neonatal infection was 3.3%, both being similar between the groups. Also, no difference in the rates of other adverse neonatal outcomes was seen. No GBS sepses occurred in the study. In multivariable logistic regression, rupture of membranes to delivery interval ≥12 hours was associated with maternal intrapartum and postpartum infection, as well as neonatal infection. Other risk factors for maternal intrapartum infection were GBS‐negativity, nulliparity, prolonged pregnancy (≥41 weeks), and Bishop score <3 at the start of induction. Cesarean section was associated with postpartum endometritis, while nulliparity, gestational diabetes, and maternal intrapartum infection were associated with neonatal infection.ConclusionsRegarding maternal and neonatal infectious morbidity, labor induction with balloon catheter appears safe in women colonized with GBS when prophylactic antibiotics are administered at the onset of labor or at membrane rupture.
Dorset and Thule Inuit occupations of Qikirtajuaq (Smith Island), Nunavik, Canada: a palaeoecological approach
Authors: Bhiry Najat , Marguerie Dominique , Weetaluktuk Tommy , Desrosiers Pierre M. , Todisco Dominique , Desroches Bourgon Myosotis , Aoustin David 
Published: March 2021

Qikirtajuaq is a long island facing the Inuit village of Akulivik on the northeastern coast of Hudson Bay (Canada) that is rich in archaeological sites. Kangiakallak‐1 (JeGn‐2), one of the main sites on this island, is a large multicomponent site that includes Dorset and Thule Inuit winter houses. This study documents the dynamics of palaeoenvironmental conditions in the successive occupations of the Kangiakallak‐1 settlement based on plant macrofossils, pollen and non‐pollen palynomorph analyses and archaeological research. The data indicate that Dorset inhabitants constructed their dwelling at about 772 cal. a BP. The site was reused by the Thule Inuit a few decades later, starting at about 671 cal. a BP. Thus, Kangiakallak‐1 is one of the few sites, at least in Nunavik (northern Québec, Canada), that were rapidly reoccupied by the Thule Inuit after the departure of the Dorset inhabitants, which indicates a possible overlap between the two cultures in the Akulivik region. The palaeoecological data show that both Dorset and Thule inhabitants left clear footprints at the local scale in the form of several nitrophilous species that became established in and near the houses and persisted over a long period. The deposition of domestic waste (including bone fragments, skin, burnt fat and charcoal fragments) inside the subterranean dwellings fertilized the soil and led to the growth of unique nitrophilous plants. These changes transformed the houses into exceptional floristic refuges.
Understanding non‐installers of the ignition interlock device: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Romosz Ann M. , Scherer Michael , Voas Robert B. , Romano Eduardo , Nochajski Thomas H. , Taylor Eileen P. , Brogdale Meg R. , Manning Amy R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionLiterature notes the efficacious use of alcohol ignition interlock devices (IID) in reducing rates of drinking and driving while installed on the vehicle. Some drivers who are convicted of driving while intoxicated (DWI) elect to have their license suspended/revoked instead of installing the device. These individuals represent a high‐risk subsample of drivers, yet limited literature has addressed this concern. The current study seeks to fill this gap using qualitative interviews addressing: (i) why do non‐installers make the choice to not install a mandated IID; and (ii) how are non‐installers managing without the IID?MethodsThe study utilises the Managing Heavy Drinkers study of drivers in Erie County, New York, USA. Participants were purposively sampled from a group of non‐installers (n = 6; four females, two males) who completed semi‐structured interviews. Constructed grounded theory was used to develop a theoretical understanding of participant's experiences.ResultsTo understand why participants elect not to install the IID, thematic analysis revealed: alleviating constraints, predominantly the financial burdens associated with an IID, and institutional mistrust. Additionally, data revealed that participants are managing without the IID by mitigating apprehension. This included driving cautiously to avoid detection and utilising alternative transportation.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study furthers understanding of why drivers convicted of a DWI elect not to install an IID. Future research should seek to identify barriers to IID installation. This work provides evidence for establishing institutional protocols that ensure drivers convicted of a DWI receive consistent and correct information about the IID process.
The Wall Street Consensus
Authors: Gabor Daniela 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe Wall Street Consensus is an elaborate effort to reorganize development interventions around partnerships with global finance. The UN's Billions to Trillions agenda, the World Bank's Maximizing Finance for Development or the G20's Infrastructure as an Asset Class update the Washington Consensus for the age of the portfolio glut, to ‘escort’ global (North) institutional investors and the managers of their trillions into development asset classes. Making development investible requires a two‐pronged strategy: enlist the state into risk‐proofing development assets and accelerate the structural transformation of local financial systems towards market‐based finance that better accommodates portfolio investors. Ten policy commandments forge the ‘de‐risking state’. They create a safety net for investors in development assets, protecting their profits from demand risks attached to commodified infrastructure assets; from political risks attached to (progressive) policies that would threaten cash flows, including nationalization, higher minimum wages and, critically, climate regulation; and from liquidity and currency risks. These risks are transferred to the balance sheet of the state. The new ‘development as de‐risking’ paradigm narrows the scope for a green developmental state that could design a just transition to low‐carbon economies.
Behavior of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), and bigeye (T. obsesus) tunas associated with drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs) in the Indian Ocean, assessed through acoustic telemetry
Authors: Govinden Rodney , Capello Manuela , Forget Fabien , Filmalter John D. , Dagorn Laurent 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigated the associative behavior of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), and bigeye (T. obsesus) tuna within multi‐species aggregations associated with drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs) in two different regions of the western Indian Ocean: the Mozambique Channel and the Seychelles, using acoustic telemetry. We documented the residence and absence times of tunas at two temporal scales (coarse and fine scale) and made comparisons between regions. A total of 56 tunas were tagged and released at 7 different dFADs (4 in the Mozambique Channel and 3 in the Seychelles) during four research cruises. We recorded the first observations of skipjack tuna making excursions of more than 24 hours away from dFADs before returning and confirmed findings of other studies showing that yellowfin tuna can make long excursions (4.07 days) before returning to their home dFADs. Combining both studied regions, average residence times were 7.59 days (min 0.03; max 16.49), 6.64 days (min 0.01; max 26.72), and 4.58 days (min 0.09; max 18.33) for bigeye, yellowfin, and skipjack tuna, respectively. Exponential models best fitted the residence times for all three tuna species, indicating time‐independent probabilities of departure from dFADs. For yellowfin tuna, at a coarse temporal scale, no regional differences were observed in the residence times. However, at a fine temporal scale, regional differences were apparent in both residence and absence times. This study provides new information on the associative behavior of tunas at dFADs in the Indian Ocean which is key to improving the science‐based management of dFADs.
Manifestations of domination: Assessments of social dominance in rodents
Authors: Fulenwider Hannah D. , Caruso Maya A. , Ryabinin Andrey E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSocial hierarchies are ubiquitous features of virtually all animal groups. The varying social ranks of members within these groups have profound effects on both physical and emotional health, with lower‐ranked individuals typically being the most adversely affected by their respective ranks. Thus, reliable measures of social dominance in preclinical rodent models are necessary to better understand the effects of an individual's social rank on other behaviors and physiological processes. In this review, we outline the primary methodologies used to assess social dominance in various rodent species: those that are based on analyses of agonistic behaviors, and those that are based on resource competition. In synthesizing this review, we conclude that assays based on resource competition may be better suited to characterize social dominance in a wider variety of rodent species and strains, and in both males and females. Lastly, albeit expectedly, we demonstrate that similarly to many other areas of preclinical research, studies incorporating female subjects are lacking in comparison to those using males. These findings emphasize the need for an increased number of studies assessing social dominance in females to form a more comprehensive understanding of this behavioral phenomenon.
The breeding system of Ornithopus sativus Brot. subsp. sativus
Authors: Nutt Bradley J. , Harrison Robert J. , McComb Jen A. , Howieson John G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenetic traits within Ornithopus sativus Brot. make it suitable for breeding as a forage legume in agriculture. The breeding system of O. sativus must be understood to stabilize valuable traits once developed. Hybridization between white‐flowered and pink‐flowered genotypes of O. sativus revealed the white flower colour to be inherited recessively to pink, while early flowering showed genetic dominance over late flowering (d = 0.5). The pink flower colour was always associated with red pigmentation on seedling hypocotyls, which provided a pragmatic aid in the selection process. Pollination of O. sativus is largely autogamous, but examination of hypocotyl colour of seedlings from white‐flowered trap plants placed among pink‐flowered plants in a sward indicated a xenogamic cross‐pollination rate of 25% is possible. This significant level of cross‐pollination revealed opportunities for breeding desirable traits within the species, while providing a warning that shifts in population structure could occur in response to selection pressure.
Sourcing Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strains from Mediterranean centres of origin to optimize nitrogen fixation in forage legumes grown on acid soils
Authors: Yates Ron J. , Harrison Robert J. , Loi Angelo , Steel Emma J. , Edwards Tom J. , Nutt Brad J. , Porqueddu Claudio , Gresta Fabio , Howieson John G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the last three decades, farming systems in Europe and Australia have seen a decline in legume plantings, leading to reduced soil carbon and fertility, and an increase in plant disease, reliance on industrial nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides. In Australia, one reason for this decline has been the movement towards sowing crops and forages into dry soil, before the opening rains, as a consequence of climate variability. This practice predicates against the survival of rhizobial inoculants, and hence generates uncertainty about legume performance. The research reported here was initiated to improve the robustness of a specific forage legume/rhizobia symbiosis to increase nitrogen fixation in low pH, infertile soils. Rhizobial strains (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae) from Pisum sativum L. were sourced from acid soils in southern Italy and southern Australia. Strains were evaluated for N fixation on the forage legumes P. sativum, Vicia sativa and Vicia villosa, then for survival and persistence in acid soils (pHCa 4.6). Fourteen of the strains produced a higher percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) compared to commercial comparator strain SU303 (<78%). Twenty‐two strains survived sufficiently into the second season to form more nodules than SU303, which only achieved 3% of plants nodulated. Elite strains WSM4643 and WSM4645 produced six times more nodulated plants than SU303 and had significantly higher saprophytic competence in acid soil. These strains have the ability to optimize symbiotic associations with field peas and vetch in soils with low fertility, carbon and pH that are restrictive to the current commercial strain SU303.
Hard seed breakdown patterns of unprocessed forage legume seed sown into dry soil in summer in southern Australia
Authors: Howieson John G. , Harrison Robert J. , Yates Ron J. , Hackney Belinda , Loi Angelo , Nutt Brad J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe patterns and extent of hard seed breakdown of dormant seeds and pods following burial in the soil in February (summer) varied for up to 19 accessions of 12 species of annual forage legumes. The experiments, at six sites across southern Australia, were designed to identify legumes whose patterns of hard seed breakdown would suit them to agronomic evaluation in a summer sowing research program. For a subset of accessions, sufficient hard seed breakdown was demonstrated between February and April to allow a high proportion of seed to germinate in late autumn—a desirable pattern for summer sowing. Although there was a large G x E interaction, some cultivars of Ornithopus sativus Brot., O. compressus L. and Trifolium spumosum L. had a pattern that was reproducible at all sites. The experiments also identified accessions of Biserrula pelecinus L. and T. glanduliferum Boiss., which had the desirable pattern in regions of south‐eastern Australia, but not Western Australia. A pragmatic approach for selection of forage legume accessions in situ for evaluation within a summer sowing program was demonstrated.
The psychological burden of waiting for procedures and patient‐centred strategies that could support the mental health of wait‐listed patients and caregivers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A scoping review
Authors: Gagliardi Anna R. , Yip Cindy Y. Y. , Irish Jonathan , Wright Frances C. , Rubin Barry , Ross Heather , Green Robin , Abbey Susan , McAndrews Mary Pat , Stewart Donna E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWaiting for procedures delayed by COVID‐19 may cause anxiety and related adverse consequences.ObjectiveTo synthesize research on the mental health impact of waiting and patient‐centred mitigation strategies that could be applied in the COVID‐19 context.MethodsUsing a scoping review approach, we searched 9 databases for studies on waiting lists and mental health and reported study characteristics, impacts and intervention attributes and outcomes.ResultsWe included 51 studies that focussed on organ transplant (60.8%), surgery (21.6%) or cancer management (13.7%). Most patients and caregivers reported anxiety, depression and poor quality of life, which deteriorated with increasing wait time. The impact of waiting on mental health was greater among women and new immigrants, and those of younger age, lower socio‐economic status, or with less‐positive coping ability. Six studies evaluated educational strategies to develop coping skills: 2 reduced depression (2 did not), 1 reduced anxiety (2 did not) and 2 improved quality of life (2 did not). In contrast, patients desired acknowledgement of concerns, peer support, and periodic communication about wait‐list position, prioritization criteria and anticipated procedure date.ConclusionsFindings revealed patient‐centred strategies to alleviate the mental health impact of waiting for procedures. Ongoing research should explore how to optimize the impact of those strategies for diverse patients and caregivers, particularly in the COVID‐19 context.Patient or Public ContributionSix patients and four caregivers waiting for COVID‐19‐delayed procedures helped to establish eligibility criteria, plan data extraction and review a draft and final report.
Clarithromycin as an adjunct to periodontal therapy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bashir Nasir Zeeshan , Sharma Praveen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo collate the literature evaluating the efficacy of clarithromycin as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy and conduct meta‐analyses for changes in probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL).MethodsFive electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2020 (PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE via OVID, Web of Science and OpenGrey). Clinical outcomes were extracted, pooled and meta‐analyses conducted using mean difference with standard deviations.ResultsSystemic delivery: 0.65 mm (95% CI: 0.02 to 1.27 mm) mean additional PPD reduction was observed at 3 months and 0.28 mm (95% CI: −0.32 to 0.87 mm) at 6 months. 0.41 mm (95% CI: −0.12 to 0.95 mm) mean additional CAL gain was observed at 3 months, and 0.16 mm (95% CI: −0.41 to 0.74 mm) at 6 months. Increased risk of adverse events was observed; RR: 5.13 (95% CI: 0.63 to 41.98). Local delivery: 1.01 mm (95% CI: 0.84 to 1.17 mm) mean additional PPD reduction was observed at 3 months, and 1.20 mm (95% CI: 0.76 to 1.64 mm) at 6 months. 0.56 mm (95% CI: 0.46 to 0.66 mm) mean additional CAL gain was observed at 3 months, and 0.83 mm (95% CI: 0.65 to 1.02 mm) at 6 months. No adverse events were observed.ConclusionsThe use of locally delivered clarithromycin significantly improves treatment outcomes.
An algorithm for identifying least manipulable envy‐free and budget‐balanced allocations in economies with indivisibilities
Authors: Andersson Tommy , Ehlers Lars 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analyze the problem of allocating indivisible objects and monetary compensations to a set of agents. In particular, we consider envy‐free and budget‐balanced rules that are least manipulable with respect to agents counting or with respect to utility gains. A key observation is that, for any profile of quasi‐linear preferences, the outcome of any such least manipulable envy‐free rule can be obtained via so‐called agent‐‐linked allocations. Given this observation, we provide an algorithm for identifying agent‐‐linked allocations.
Spatial Sampling for Non‐compact Patterns
Authors: Altieri Linda , Cocchi Daniela 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe objective of spatial sampling is to collect subsets of individuals from a population in the two‐dimensional space, in order to estimate some population characteristics. Traditional sampling techniques are accordingly enriched to keep space into account. We consider sequential techniques that use weights for introducing space in the update of population units' inclusion probabilities and propose a new weighting system that includes the spatial entropy of the study variable. Techniques only based on distances between locations perform well in the case of a compact structure. Any non‐compact spatial scheme takes advantage of the involvement of spatial entropy in the sequential modification of first‐order inclusion probabilities.
Genomic insights into persistence of Listeria species in the food processing environment
Authors: Palaiodimou L. , Fanning S. , Fox E.M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Listeria species may colonize and persist in food processing facilities for prolonged periods of time, despite hygiene interventions in place. To understand the genetic factors contributing to persistence of Listeria strains, this study undertook a comparative analysis of seven persistent and six presumed non-persistent strains, isolated from a single food processing environment, to identify genetic markers correlating to promoting persistence of Listeria strains, through whole genome sequence analysis.

Methods and Results
A diverse pool of genetic markers relevant to hygiene tolerance was identified, including disinfectant resistance markers qacH, emrC and the efflux cassette bcrABC. Both persistent and presumed non-persistent cohorts encoded a range of stress resistance markers, including heavy metal resistance, oxidative and pH stress, although trends were associated with each cohort (e.g., qacH and cadA1C resistance was more frequently found in persistent isolates). Persistent isolates were more likely to contain mutations associated with attenuated virulence, including a truncated InlA. Plasmids and transposons were widespread between cohorts.

Conclusions
Results suggest that no single genetic marker identified was universally responsible for a strain's ability to persist. Persistent strains were more likely to harbour mutation associated with hypovirulence.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study provides additional insights into the distribution of genetic elements relevant to persistence across Listeria species, as well as strain virulence potential.