bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policiamento e gênero
Authors: Lopes Cleber Da Silva 
Published: January 2021

Estudos mostram que a integração feminina às polícias latino americanas vem encontrando obstáculos decorrentes do modo como os policiais concebem o policiamento e o papel que homens e mulheres deveriam desempenhar dentro dele. A representação do policiamento como uma atividade arriscada de enfrentamento violento da criminalidade, combinada com a visão segundo qual os homens são mais fortes e corajosos do que as mulheres, favorece a defesa da divisão sexual de funções dentro da polícia entre homens que deveriam se dedicar ao trabalho operacional de combate ao crime e mulheres que deveriam se restringir ao trabalho administrativo e de cuidado, gerando assim barreiras à plena integração das mulheres à polícia. Esse trabalho pretende contribuir para o entendimento da natureza dessas representações e barreiras. Ser homem ou mulher condiciona a percepção de que força física e coragem são atributos fundamentais para o policiamento? Influencia a visão segundo qual os policiais masculinos são mais preparados para as atividades operacionais e as policiais femininas para as atividades de cuidado e assistência? O artigo analisa essas questões por meio de análise quantitativa multivariada de dados provenientes de uma pesquisa de survey realizada em 2012 na Polícia Militar do Estado do Paraná (PMPR), Brasil. Os resultados indicam que homens e mulheres têm visões distintas sobre quem é mais apto a atuar nas atividades operacionais. Os homens tendem a pensar que as mulheres são menos capazes do que eles no desempenho dessas atividades. Já as mulheres discordam dessa ideia. Isso indica haver na PMPR obstáculos informais postos pelos homens à plena integração das mulheres à polícia, bem como atitudes de resistências a esses obstáculos por parte das mulheres. Todavia, essas atitudes de resistência convivem com uma visão masculinizada do policiamento que acaba por favorecer os homens. Os dados indicam que homens e mulheres concordam igualmente com a visão de que o policiamento é uma atividade que demanda força física e coragem, a despeito do fato de sabermos que as qualidades mais exigidas no policiamento não são essas e sim a sensibilidade para prestar serviços a pessoas em situações de vulnerabilidade e o senso de justiça para dirimir conflitos que não envolvem violações claras da lei criminal. Essas são qualidades socialmente associadas ao universo feminino e valorizá-las em detrimento da coragem e da força física implicaria em um possível fortalecimento da posição das mulheres nas atividades de policiamento, o que não ocorre. Assim, as mulheres buscam se colocar como iguais dentro de um contexto de representações sociais permeadas por valores masculinos ao invés de questionarem o sentido desses valores para as atividades policiais. Em outros termos, aceitam a visão masculinizada do policiamento e procuram se afirmar como iguais dentro desse universo.
Rejoice in the victory of the king. The end of the Catalan revolt in the Neapolitan political debate (1652-53)
Authors: Mrozek Eliszezynski Giuseppe 
Published: January 2021

The news of the surrender of Barcelona and the subsequent end of the war in Catalonia reached Naples in a unique political and social context. The viceroy at the time, the Count of Oñate, energetically approached the task of restoring normality in a kingdom that was disrupted by the revolt from 1647-48, and in doing so he found himself in conflict with various figures, in particular the Cardinal and Archbishop of Naples, Ascanio Filomarino. On the other hand the connections between the kingdom and Catalonia had been assiduous in the previous years, and a unique personality like Alexandre Ros i Gomar, Catalan but sided with the loyalists had lived in Naples. This paper proposes an analysis of how the news of the end of the siege of Barcelona had political repercussions on the Neapolitan political scene, on the conflict in course between viceroy and archbishop and more generally, on the debate surrounding the responsibility of the revolt of 1647-48 destined to last in the years that followed.
Development of a Medicare Claims–Based Model to Predict Persistent High‐Dose Opioid Use After Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Chandrasekar , Desai Rishi J. , Franklin Jessica M. , Jin Yinzhu , Lii Joyce , Solomon Daniel H. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Lee Yvonne C. , Franklin Patricia D. , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo develop a claims‐based model to predict persistent high‐dose opioid use among patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR).MethodsUsing Medicare claims (2010–2014), we identified patients ages ≥65 years who underwent TKR with no history of high‐dose opioid use (mean >25 morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs]/day) in the year prior to TKR. We used group‐based trajectory modeling to identify distinct opioid use patterns. The primary outcome was persistent high‐dose opioid use in the year after TKR. We split the data into training (2010–2013) and test (2014) sets and used logistic regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization, utilizing a total of 83 preoperative patient characteristics as candidate predictors. A reduced model with 10 prespecified variables, which included demographic characteristics, opioid use, and medication history was also considered.ResultsThe final study cohort included 142,089 patients who underwent TKR. The group‐based trajectory model identified 4 distinct trajectories of opioid use (group 1: short‐term, low‐dose; group 2: moderate‐duration, low‐dose; group 3: moderate‐duration, high‐dose; and group 4: persistent high‐dose). The model predicting persistent high‐dose opioid use achieved high discrimination (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve [AUC] 0.85 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.84–0.86]) in the test set. The reduced model with 10 predictors performed equally well (AUC 0.84 [95% CI 0.84–0.85]).ConclusionIn this cohort of older patients, 10.6% became persistent high‐dose (mean 22.4 MME/day) opioid users after TKR. Our model with 10 readily available clinical factors may help identify patients at high risk of future adverse outcomes from persistent opioid use after TKR.
Inorganic Halide Perovskitoid TlPbI3 for Ionizing Radiation Detection
Authors: Lin Wenwen , He Jiangang , McCall Kyle M. , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Liu Zhifu , Hadar Ido , Das Sanjib , Wang Hsien‐Hau , Wang Bi‐Xia , Chung Duck Young , Wessels Bruce W. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRoom temperature semiconductor detector (RTSD) materials for γ‐ray and X‐ray radiation are in great demand for the nonproliferation of nuclear materials as well as for biomedical imaging applications. Halide perovskites have attracted great attention as emerging and promising RTSD materials. In this contribution, the material synthesis, purification, crystal growth, crystal structure, photoluminescence properties, ionizing radiation detection performance, and electronic structure of the inorganic halide perovskitoid compound TlPbI3 are reported on. This compound crystallizes in the ABX3 non‐perovskite crystal structure with a high density of d = 6.488 g·cm–3, has a wide bandgap of 2.25 eV, and melts congruently at a low temperature of 360 °C without phase transitions, which allows for facile growth of high quality crystals with few thermally‐activated defects. High‐quality TlPbI3 single crystals of centimeter‐size are grown using the vertical Bridgman method using purified raw materials. A high electrical resistivity of ≈1012 Ω·cm is readily obtainable, and detectors made of TlPbI3 single crystals are highly photoresponsive to Ag Kα X‐rays (22.4 keV), and detects 122 keV γ‐rays from 57Co radiation source. The electron mobility‐lifetime product µeτe was estimated at 1.8 × 10–5 cm2·V–1. A high relative static dielectric constant of 35.0 indicates strong capability in screening carrier scattering and charged defects in TlPbI3.
Crystallization of 2D Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites Templated by Conductive Substrates
Authors: Kovaricek Petr , Nadazdy Peter , Pluharova Eva , Brunova Alica , Subair Riyas , Vegso Karol , Guerra Valentino Libero Pio , Volochanskyi Oleksandr , Kalbac Martin , Krasnansky Alexander , Pandit Pallavi , Roth Stephan Volker , Hinderhofer Alexander , Majkova Eva , Jergel Matej , Tian Jianjun , Schreiber Frank , Siffalovic Peter 
Published: January 2021

Abstract2D hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites are valued in optoelectronic applications for their tunable bandgap and excellent moisture and irradiation stability. These properties stem from both the chemical composition and crystallinity of the layer formed. Defects in the lattice, impurities, and crystal grain boundaries generally introduce trap states and surface energy pinning, limiting the ultimate performance of the perovskite; hence, an in‐depth understanding of the crystallization process is indispensable. Here, a kinetic and thermodynamic study of 2D perovskite layer crystallization on transparent conductive substrates are provided—fluorine‐doped tin oxide and graphene. Due to markedly different surface structure and chemistry, the two substrates interact differently with the perovskite layer. A time‐resolved grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) is used to monitor the crystallization on the two substrates. Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to explain the experimental data and to rationalize the perovskite layer formation. The findings assist substrate selection based on the required film morphology, revealing the structural dynamics during the crystallization process, thus helping to tackle the technological challenges of structure formation of 2D perovskites for optoelectronic devices.
Manipulation of Perovskite Crystallization Kinetics via Lewis Base Additives
Authors: Xu Chenzhe , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Suicai , Si Haonan , Ma Shuangfei , Fan Wenqiang , Xiong Zhaozhao , Liao Qingliang , Sattar Abdul , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Yue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Lewis acid–base adduct approach has been widely used to form high‐crystalline perovskite films, but the complicated crystallization pathway and underlying film formation mechanism are still ambiguous. Here, the detailed crystallization process of perovskites manipulated by Lewis base additives has been revealed by in situ X‐ray scattering measurements. Through monitoring the film formation process, two distinct crystal growth stages have been definitely recognized: i) an intermediate phase‐dominated stage; and ii) a phase transformation stage from intermediates to crystalline perovskite phase. Incorporating Lewis base additives significantly prolongs the duration of stage 1 and induces a postponed phase transformation pathway, which could be responsible for retardant crystallization kinetics. Based on a series of experimental results and theoretical calculations, it is indicated that the manipulation of perovskite crystallization pathway is a result of the modulated molecular interactions between Lewis base additives and solution precursors. Owing to the retardant crystallization kinetics, enhanced‐quality perovskite films with reduced defect density and improved optoelectronic properties, as well as optimized photovoltaic performance have been demonstrated. This work provides in‐depth understanding with respect to perovskite crystallization pathway modulated by Lewis base additives and perceptive guidelines for precise regulation of crystallization kinetics of perovskite film toward high performance.
Self‐Limiting Mussel Inspired Thin Antifouling Coating with Broad‐Spectrum Resistance to Biofilm Formation to Prevent Catheter‐Associated Infection in Mouse and Porcine Models
Authors: Yu Kai , Alzahrani Amal , Khoddami Sara , Ferreira Demian , Scotland Kymora B. , Cheng John T. J. , Yazdani‐Ahmadabadi Hossein , Mei Yan , Gill Arshdeep , Takeuchi Lily E. , Yeung Edbert , Grecov Dana , Hancock Robert E. W. , Chew Ben H. , Lange Dirk , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCatheter‐associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are one of the most commonly occurring hospital‐acquired infections. Current coating strategies to prevent catheter‐associated biofilm formation are limited by their poor long‐term efficiency and limited applicability to diverse materials. Here, the authors report a highly effective non‐fouling coating with long‐term biofilm prevention activity and is applicable to diverse catheters. The thin coating is lubricous, stable, highly uniform, and shows broad spectrum prevention of biofilm formation of nine different bacterial strains and prevents the migration of bacteria on catheter surface. The coating method is adapted to human‐sized catheters (both intraluminal and extraluminal) and demonstrates long‐term biofilm prevention activity over 30 days in challenging conditions. The coated catheters are tested in a mouse CAUTI model and demonstrate high efficiency in preventing bacterial colonization of both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Furthermore, the coated human‐sized Foley catheters are evaluated in a porcine CAUTI model and show consistent efficiency in reducing biofilm formation by Escherichia coli (E. coli) over 95%. The simplicity of the coating method, the ability to apply this coating on diverse materials, and the high efficiency in preventing bacterial adhesion increase the potential of this method for the development of next generation infection resistant medical devices.
Room Temperature Wafer Bonding of Glass Using Aluminum Oxide Intermediate Layer
Authors: Takeuchi Kai , Mu Fengwen , Matsumoto Yoshiie , Suga Tadatomo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a room temperature bonding technique of glass substrates with a transparent bonding interface. As a room temperature bonding method, surface activated bonding (SAB) is applied for the bonding of glass using Si intermediate layer. However, the bonding interface is colored by the deposited Si layers, which leads to lower applicability to optical devices. In this study, a new concept of SAB is developed using aluminum oxide intermediate layer. Glass substrates are successfully bonded at room temperature via the aluminum oxide intermediate layers activated by Ar ion beam irradiation, showing a bond strength of 1.32 J m−2. It is also shown that the optical characteristics at the interface such as transparency and reflectance are not degraded, while the bonding interface of the SAB using Si intermediate layer deteriorates. The XPS and STEM‐EDX analyses indicate that the bonding is achieved through the amorphous and O‐deficient aluminum oxide interface. This technique will provide a transparent interface for glass bonding by a room temperature process, which is highly desired in optical device fabrication.
Mid‐Wave Infrared Polarization‐Independent Graphene Photoconductor with Integrated Plasmonic Nanoantennas Operating at Room Temperature
Authors: Ye Ming , Gao Yang , Cadusch Jasper J. , Balendhran Sivacarendran , Crozier Kenneth B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGraphene photodetectors operating in the mid‐wave infrared (MWIR) face challenges that include the optical absorption of monolayer graphene being intrinsically low and the carrier lifetime in graphene being very short. Previous reports of graphene photoconductors in the MWIR have sought to overcome these challenges using approaches that include the integration of plasmonic nanoantennas and/or engineered electrodes. However, this has led to the photoresponse of these detectors being strongly polarization dependent. Here, a graphene photoconductor is reported that achieves polarization‐independent and fast response simultaneously via the integration of plasmonic nanoantennas that are termed Jerusalem‐cross antennas (JC‐antennas). Compared to previous works, the JC‐antennas concentrate the incident light onto graphene more efficiently with enhanced polarization‐independent optical absorption. MWIR detection is demonstrated at both room temperature and cryogenic temperatures, with measured responsivity of 14.5 V W−1 (room temperature) and 4400 V W−1 (78 K). Due to the carrier collection by the JC‐antennas and gapless band structure of graphene, the detector also shows significant and broadband photoresponse that extends to visible and near‐infrared wavelengths. The detector shows fast temporal response with a measured rise time of 3 ns, which would be more than sufficient for many practical applications (e.g., imaging).
Salicylic Acid‐Promoted Three‐Component Annulation of Benzimidazoles, Aryl Nitroalkenes and Elemental Sulfur
Authors: Mei Ruhuai , Xiong Feng , Yang Chenrui , Zhao Jinwu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerein, a three‐component cyclization reaction of benzimidazoles, aryl nitroalkenes and elemental sulfur has been developed. Cheap and easily available salicylic acid found to be an efficient mediator for the present transformation. This protocol provides a facile access to structurally significant imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole skeleton from simple raw materials with a range of compatible synthetically useful functionalities. Furthermore, gram‐scale preparation of this method is effective, which enables potential applications of it in broader fields of molecule synthesis. Mechanistically, a reaction cascade involving sequential aza‐Michael addition, nucleophilic sulfuration, and deaminative aromatization was proposed.magnified image
SQ3370 Activates Cytotoxic Drug via Click Chemistry at Tumor and Elicits Sustained Responses in Injected and Non‐Injected Lesions
Authors: Srinivasan Sangeetha , Yee Nathan Alexander , Wu Kui , Zakharian Michael , Mahmoodi Amir , Royzen Maksim , Mejía Oneto José Manuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile systemic immuno‐oncology therapies have shown remarkable success, only a limited subset of patients benefit from them. The Click Activated Protodrugs Against Cancer (CAPAC) platform is a click chemistry‐based approach that activates cancer drugs at a specific tumor with minimal systemic toxicity. The CAPAC Platform is agnostic to tumor characteristics that can vary across patients and hence applicable to several types of tumors. The benefits of SQ3370 (lead candidate of CAPAC) are described to achieve systemic anti‐tumor responses in mice bearing two tumors. SQ3370 consists of a biopolymer, injected in a single lesion, followed by systemic doses of an attenuated protodrug of doxorubicin (Dox). SQ3370 is well‐tolerated at 5.9‐times the maximum dose of conventional Dox, increased survival by 63% and induces a systemic anti‐tumor response against injected and non‐injected lesions. The sustained anti‐tumor response also correlates with immune activation measured at both lesions. SQ3370 can potentially benefit patients with micro‐metastatic lesions.
High‐Performance Coplanar Dual‐Channel a‐InGaZnO/a‐InZnO Semiconductor Thin‐Film Transistors with High Field‐Effect Mobility
Authors: Billah Mohammad Masum , Siddik Abu Bakar , Kim Jung Bae , Yim Dong Kil , Choi Soo Young , Liu Jian , Severin Daniel , Hanika Markus , Bender Marcus , Jang Jin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) layer is deposited on very thin conductive amorphous indium zinc oxide (a‐IZO) thin film to demonstrate high‐performance, coplanar thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with dual‐channel oxide semiconductor architecture. Based on material properties, a conduction band offset (∆EC) of ≈0.28 eV between a‐IZO and a‐IGZO layers and a conduction band bending of ≈0.3 eV at a‐IGZO/gate insulator (GI) interface exist. Through the electrical characterization, high field‐effect mobility (μFE) of ≈50 cm2 V−1 s−1, a positive threshold voltage (VTh) of ≈2.3 V, and low off‐current (IOFF) of <1 pA in coplanar a‐IZO/a‐IGZO TFT are demonstrated. The electron accumulation (>5 × 1018 cm−3) at both the a‐IZO/a‐IGZO and a‐IGZO/GI interfaces confirm the dual‐channel conduction. The bottom a‐IZO channel significantly contributes to increasing drain current (ID) due to large electron density (≈1019 cm−3). The dual‐channel coplanar TFT with a‐IGZO/IZO provides a guideline for overcoming the trade‐off between high μFE and positive VTh control for stable enhancement mode operation with increased ID.
Luminescence anti‐counterfeiting: From elementary to advanced
Authors: Yu Xiaowei , Zhang Hongyue , Yu Jihong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLuminescence anti‐counterfeiting derives from the easily changeable luminescence behaviors of luminescence materials under the regulation of various external stimuli (such as excitation light, chemical reagent, heat, and mechanical force, etc.) and luminescence lifetime, which plays an important role in preventing forgery of currency, artworks, and product brands. According to the numbers of changes of anti‐counterfeiting labels under various regulation conditions, luminescence anti‐counterfeiting can be classified into three levels from elementary to advanced: single‐level anti‐counterfeiting, double‐level anti‐counterfeiting, and multilevel anti‐counterfeiting. In this review, the recent achievements in luminescence anti‐counterfeiting are summarized, and the regulation of various factors to anti‐counterfeiting labels is discussed. Finally, existing problems, future challenges, and possible development directions are proposed in order to realize facile, quick, low‐cost, environmentally friendly, and difficult‐to‐replicate advanced luminescence anti‐counterfeiting.
Modeling of gas–liquid separation inside a slightly inclined annular duct
Authors: Vieira Saon C. , Penteado Marcos R. M. , de Castro Marcelo S. , Bannwart Antonio C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectrical submersible pumping (ESP) is an artificial lift system used in the petroleum industry. ESP skid is an equipment in which the pump is housed inside a pipe forming a slightly inclined annular duct through which two‐phase gas–liquid flows from inlet to pump intake. Part of the gas is pulled by the pump and part is separated and flows to the equipment top. This article analyses and models the observed separation process. Experiments showed good qualitative but poor quantitative agreement with literature models. Starting from a two‐dimensional drift‐flux model, radial and axial slips are modeled through phases' momentum transfer, showing the importance of drag, virtual mass and Basset's forces, leading to a semi‐analytical model. As there is no model for such forces for the case of annular duct in the literature, experimental data is used for closure. The proposed model produced satisfactory and physically coherent results.