bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Validation of the Internal Gross Tumour Volume of Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer During Simultaneous Integrated Boost Radiotherapy
Authors: Shi Jinming , Tang Yuan , Li Ning , Song Yongwen , Wang Shulian , Liu Yueping , Fang Hui , Lu Ningning , Tang Yu , Qi Shunan , Chen Bo , Li Yexiong , Liu Wenyang , Jin Jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRespiratory motion may introduce errors during radiotherapy. This study aims to assess and validate internal gross tumour volume (IGTV) margins in different regions in gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) tumours during simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy.MethodsWe enrolled 10 patients in group A and 9 patients in group B. For all patients, two markers were placed at the upper and lower boundaries of tumour before treatment. In group A, within the simulation and every five fractions of radiotherapy, we used 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) to record the intrafractional displacement of the proximal and distal markers. By fusing the average image of each fraction with the simulation image according to the lumbar vertebra, the interfractional displacement could be obtained. We calculated the IGTV margin in the proximal and distal regions of the GEJ tumour. In group B, by referring to the simulation images and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, the range of tumour displacement in different regions within the GEJ tumour was estimated. We verified the proportion of tumours with marker displacement within the range obtained in group A to estimate the accuracy of the IGTV margin.ResultsThe intrafractional displacement in the cranio-caudal (CC) direction was significantly larger than that in the anterior-posterior (AP) and left-right (LR) directions for both the proximal and distal markers of the tumour. The interfractional displacement in the AP and LR directions was larger than that in the CC direction (p=0.001, p=0.017) according to the distal marker. The IGTV margins for in the LR, AP and CC directions were 9 mm, 8.5 mm and 12.1 mm for proximal marker and 15.8 mm, 12.7 mm and 11.5 mm for distal marker. In group B, the proportions of tumours that fell within the IGTV margin in the LR, AP and CC directions were 96.5%, 91.3% and 96.5% for the proximal marker and 100%, 96.5%, 93.1% for the distal marker.ConclusionsOur study proposed individualized IGTV margins for different regions within GEJ tumours during neoadjuvant radiotherapy. The IGTV margin determined in this study was relatively small and was validated appropriately. It could be a reference in clinical practice.
Pathological Results (Benign/Malignant) Can be Inferred from Macroscopic Findings for Breast Vacuum Associated Biopsy Specimens
Authors: Izumori Ayumi , Takahashi Masako , Sasa Soichiro , Inoue Hiroaki , Tangoku Akira , Sasa Mitsunori 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: If the histopathological results could be inferred from the macroscopic findings for breast biopsy specimens, false-negative needle biopsies due to poor specimens could be prevented. However, no research on this has been reported to date.Methods: Biopsy specimens from 101 patients who underwent mammary gland Vacuum Associated Biopsy (VAB) were photographed with a smartphone, and the relationships between the macroscopic findings (presence/absence of turbidity, surface properties, presence/absence of white spots, and characteristic findings) and the pathological results (benign/malignant) were examined.Results: A significant difference was observed with regard to the presence/absence of turbidity: malignancy was detected in 33/37 (89%) specimens with turbidity and in 2/47 (4%) cases without turbidity (p<0.001). A significant difference was also observed regarding the surface properties: malignancy was detected in 14/70 (19%) smooth specimens and in 24/29 (83%) rough specimens (p<0.001). Also, malignancy was detected in 11/13 (85%) specimens with white spots, and the difference was significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: The pathological results (benign/malignant) were able to be predicted from the macroscopic findings for the breast VAB specimens. These findings warrant performance of reproducibility and prospective studies at multiple facilities.
Long-Term Macrolide Treatment for Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis in Children: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Eun , Sol In Suk , Kim Jong Deok , Yang Hyeon-Jong , Min Taek Ki , Jang Gwang Cheon , Hwang Yoon Ha , Cho Hyun-Ju , Suh Dong In , Kim Kyunghoon , Kim Hwan Soo , Kim Yoon Hee , Woo Sung Il , Lee Yong Ju , Jung Sungsu , Jeon You Hoon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recurrent bacterial infection causes frequent exacerbations of Bronchiectasis (BE). The effectiveness and safety of macrolide long-term administration in BE remains controversial, especially in children with little treatment to prevent exacerbation. We conducted this meta-analysis to determine the usefulness of long-term macrolide in pediatric BE. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, Embase, KoreaMed, Igaku Chuo Zasshi, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on long-term macrolide treatment (≥ 4 weeks) in non-cystic fibrosis BE in children aged < 18 years. The primary outcome was frequency of acute exacerbation; secondary outcomes were changes in pulmonary function, sputum scores, and adverse events including bacterial resistance. We included four RCTs. Long-term macrolide treatment showed a significant decrease in the frequency of exacerbation (odds ratio [OR], 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10 to 0.87), mean number of exacerbations per patient (mean difference, -1.40; 95% CI, -2.26 to -0.54) and sputum purulence score (mean difference, -0.78; 95% CI, -1.32 to -0.24). However, long-term macrolide treatment was accompanied by increased carriage of azithromycin-resistant bacteria (OR, 7.13). Long-term macrolide administration prevents exacerbation of BE in children, but risks increasing antibiotic resistance. Benefits and risks should be weighed and determined on a patient-by-patient basis.
Development and Validation of a Radiomics-based Model to Predict Local Progression-free Survival After Chemo-radiotherapy in Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Luo He-San , Chen Ying-Ying , Wu Sheng-Xi , Huang Shao-Fu , Xu Hong-Yao , Xue Ren-Liang , Du Ze-Sen , Li Xu-Yuan , Lin Lian-Xin , Huang He-Cheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To develop a nomogram model for predicting local progress-free survival (LPFS) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Methods: We collected the clinical data of ESCC patients treated with CCRT in our hospital. Eligible patients were randomly divided into training cohort and validation cohort. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) with COX regression was performed to select optimal radiomics features calculating Rad-score for predicting LPFS in the training cohort. The univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify the predictive clinical factors for developing a nomogram model. The C-index was used to assess the performance of the predictive model and calibration curve was used to evaluate the accuracy.Results: A total of 221 ESCC patients were included in our study, with 155 patients in training cohort and 66 patients in validation cohort. After LASSO COX regression analysis, seventeen radiomics features were selected to calculate Rad-score for predicting LPFS. The patients with a Rad-score≥0.1411 had high risk of local recurrence, and those with a Rad-score<0.1411 had low risk of local recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that N stage, CR status and Rad-score were independent predictive factors for LPFS. A nomogram model was built based on the result of multivariate analysis. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.745 (95%CI: 0.7700 -0.790) in training cohort and 0.723(95%CI：0.654-0.791) in validation cohort. The 3-year LPFS rate predicted by the nomogram model was highly consistent with the actual 3-year LPFS rate both in the training cohort and the validation cohort.Conclusion: We developed and validated a prediction model based on radiomics features and clinical factors, which can be used to predict LPFS of patients after CCRT. This model is conducive to making individualized chemoradiotherapy strategy and providing scientific basis for subsequent intensive adjuvant therapy for ESCC patients.
Design of a Low Power Hybrid Electro-Optic Plasmonic Modulator Based on ITO and Graphene
Authors: Abbaszadeh-Azar Omid , Abedi Kambiz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid plasmonic modulator based on ITO and graphene has been proposed and designed. Graphene and ITO are used in the active region, which increases the light-matter interaction and reduces the device's operating voltage in the proposed modulator. As a result, it increases the extinction ratio (ER), reduces power consumption and device footprint in the proposed modulator compared to similar modulators. The values of 14 dB/µm and 5.4 fJ are obtained for ER and power consumption, respectively. The time-domain finite-difference (FDTD) method is used to simulate the modulator. The integration of a modulator with high light-matter interaction and low power consumption in the silicon-on-insulator platform has significant potential for broadband, compact and efficient communication interconnects and circuits.
Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Incidence of Asthma in Adults: Finding from a Nationwide Study in Korea
Authors: Roh Jae-Hyung , Lee Hanbyul , Bae Yun-Jeong , Park Chan Sun , Kim Hyo-Jung , Yoon Sun-Young 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Asthma and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are chronic diseases and are known to be associated with metabolic abnormalities. We aimed to clarify the association between NAFLD and the incidence of asthma in a large population-based cohort. We selected 160,603 healthy individuals without comorbidities from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample cohort during 2009–2014. . NAFLD was defined by a surrogate marker, the fatty liver index (FLI). During a median of 5.08 years’ follow-up, 16,377 subjects (10.2%) were newly diagnosed with asthma and categorized into three groups according to FLI. The cumulative incidence of asthma was higher in subjects with higher vs. lower FLIs (FLI < 30 10.1%, 30 ≤ FLI < 60 10.8%, FLI ≥ 60 10.5% ). Higher FLI associated with an increased incidence of asthma (Harzard ratios (HR)highest vs. lowest FLI, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.15-1.36). The results using another definition of NAFLD as measured by hepatic steatosis index (HIS) are similar to the primary results. This association was more pronounced in women than in men (HR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.13-1.64 vs. HR 1.07; 95% CI, 0.94-1.20). This study demonstrated that NAFLD as measured by FLI and HIS may influence the incidence rates of asthma in adults, especially in women.
Health Complaints in Individual Visiting Primary Health Care: Population-Based National Electronic Health Records of Iran
Authors: Khatami Farnaz , Shariati Mohammad , Abbasi Zahra , Muka Taulant , Khedmat Leila , Saleh Narges 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The mission of medical schools is a sustainable commitment to orient education, research, and services based on the priorities and expectations of society. The most common complaints of patients from comprehensive health service centers (CHSCs) based on the data from electronic health records were identified to determine primary health care (PHC) priorities for the educational planning of medical students in Iran.
Methods
A population-based national study was designed to assess clinical complaints of patients in all age groups who were referred at least once to CHSCs to be visited by physicians. All the data in the census were extracted from electronic health records in PHC system during 2015–2020, classified by the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-2), and statistically analyzed. The total number of complaints that recorded in system was 17,430,139.
Results
59% of the referring patients were women. The highest number of referrals was related to the age group of 18–59 years (56.9%), while the lowest belonged to the elderly (13.3%). In all age and sex groups, the first ten complaints of patients with three top priorities in each category included process (follow-up, consultation, and results exam), digestive (toothache and gum complaint, abdominal pain, and diarrhea), respiratory (cough, sore throat, and runny nose), general (fever, pain, and weakness and fatigue), musculoskeletal (back pain, leg complaint, and knee injuries), endocrine and nutritional (weight gain, Feeding problem, and weight loss), cardiovascular (hypertension, palpitations, and Postural hypotension), neurological (headache, dizziness, and paralysis), sexual dysfunction (vaginal complaint, discharge, and irregular menstruation), and dermatological (pruritus, rash, and inflammation).
Conclusion
High priorities in referring to PHC had a key role in assessing the country's health needs. Since this study was in line with the national pattern of complaints and patients' profile, the present findings can be helpful to amend policy-making, educational planning and curricula development in medical schools.
The alarmin interleukin-1α triggers secondary degeneration through reactive astrocytes and endothelium after spinal cord injury
Authors: Bretheau Floriane , Castellanos-Molina Adrian , Mailhot Benoit , Kusik Maxime , Belanger Dominic , Lessard Martine , Vallières Nicolas , Liu Xiaoyu , Quan Ning , Lacroix Steve 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers neuroinflammation, and subsequently secondary degeneration and oligodendrocyte (OL) death. We report that the alarmin interleukin (IL)-1α is released by damaged microglia after SCI. Intra-cisterna magna injection of IL-1α in mice rapidly induced neutrophil infiltration and OL death throughout the spinal cord, mimicking what is seen at sites of SCI. These effects were abolished by co-treatment with the IL-1R1 antagonist anakinra, as well as in IL-1R1-knockout mice which showed enhanced locomotor recovery after SCI. Conditional restoration of IL-1R1 expression in astrocytes or endothelial cells (ECs), but not in OLs or microglia, restored IL-1α-induced effects, while astrocyte- or EC-specific Il1r1 deletion reduced OL loss. Conditioned medium derived from IL-1α-stimulated astrocytes is toxic for OLs; further, IL-1α-stimulated astrocytes generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and blocking ROS production in IL-1α-treated or SCI mice prevented OL loss. Thus, after SCI, microglia release IL-1α, which induces astrocyte- and EC-mediated OL degeneration.
Collision Detection Algorithm of Belt Grinding of the Blisk Based on Improved Octree Segmentation Method
Authors: Huang Zhi , Yang Xing , Min Jie , Wang Hongyan , Wei Pengxuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the process of belt grinding aero-engine Blisk(Bladed Disk), the abrasive belt can easily interfere with the Blisk, which will damage the valuable Blisk. Therefore, it is indispensable and significant to study the collision detection of belt grinding the Blisk. However, the application of traditional collision detection algorithms in this complicated realistic scene is difficult to obtain satisfactory results. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the collision detection of grinding the Blisk, a collision detection algorithm based on the improved octree segmentation method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the Oriented Bounding Box (OBB) is applied to establish the collision detection model for the abrasive belt. Secondly, the traditional octree segmentation method is optimized based on the k-means clustering algorithm, and an improved octree segmentation method is presented, in addition, the flow chart of the collision detection algorithm for belt grinding of the Bliskis given. Finally, algorithm verification and experimental verification are carried out based on a certain type of the Blisk. The results suggest that compared with the traditional method, the method in this paper not only promotes the accuracy of collision detection, but also promotes the efficiency of collision detection, and meets the requirements of object collision detection in this tanglesome scene with both accuracy and speed.
A Review of Unusual VLF Bursty-Patches Observed in Northern Finland
Authors: Martinez-Calderon Claudia , Manninen Jyrki K. , Manninen Jemina T. , Turunen Tauno 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Using numerical ﬁltering techniques allowing to reduce noise from sferics, we are able to clearly study a new type of differently structured very low frequency (VLF) waves above f = 4 kHz at the ground station of Kannuslehto in northern Finland (KAN, MLAT=64.4°N, L=5.5). These emissions are intriguing since they are detected above the local equatorial electron gyrofrequency for the L-shell of Kannuslehto (fce ~ 5- 6 kHz). They are commonly observed at Kannuslehto, but have also been infrequently reported at other stations, sometimes under different names. Their possible common origin and manner of propagation is still under investigation. This paper unifies the nomenclature by regrouping all these waves detected at frequencies higher than the local equatorial 0.5 fce at the L-shell of observation under the name of VLF bursty-patches. We also give a review of the different characteristics of VLF bursty-patches observed by Kannuslehto, which at the moment, is the station with the highest observation rate. We will present recent observations between 2019 and 2021. While these waves have different spectral features, they appeared mostly composed of hiss bursts with durations of a few seconds to several minutes. They also show periodic features with varying periodicity and shape. They are sometimes characterized by single bursts covering very large frequency ranges of several kHz.
Real-Time Source-Independent Quantum Random Number Generator Based on a Cloud Superconducting Quantum Computer
Authors: Li Yuanhao , Wang Weilong , Fei Yangyang , Meng Xiangdong , Wang Hong , Duan Qianheng , Ma Zhi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Quantum random number generator (QRNG) relies on the intrinsic randomness of quantum mechanics to produce true random numbers which are important in information processing tasks. Due to the presence of the superposition state, quantum computer can be used as a true random number generator. However, in practice, the implementation of quantum computer is subject to various noise sources which affect the randomness of the generated random numbers. To solve this problem, we propose a source-independent QRNG (SI-QRNG) scheme based on quantum computer which is motivated by the SI-QRNG scheme in quantum optics. The scheme can provide certified randomness by estimating the preparation error of superposition states in real time even when the source is untrusted, under the assumption that the measurement operation is trusted. Our analysis takes into account the readout error of quantum state and further gives the final extracted number of random bits. And the estimation method of preparation error of superposition state in randomness source. We also provide a parameter optimization method to increase the generation rate of random bits. In addition, by utilizing the cloud superconducting quantum computer of IBM, we experimentally demonstrate the practicality of our SI-QRNG scheme and achieve the generation of true random numbers.
Internet Search Effort on Covid-19 and the Underlying Public Interventions and Epidemiological Status
Authors: Moustakas Aristides 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the relative importance of indices of personal freedom, economy, and epidemiology on the public interest on Covid-19 expressed by internet searches on the topic. The relationship between the effective reproduction rate Rt, news media cover, and web search effort was also quantified. Data of online search in Greece on Covid-19 topic for one year were analyzed using indices of social distancing, financial measures, and epidemiological variables using machine learning. Temporal autocorrelation of web search effort was quantified and control charts of web search, Rt, new cases and new deaths were employed. Results indicated that the trained model exhibited a fit of R2 = 91% between the actual and predicted web search effort. The top five variables for predicting web search effort were new deaths, the opening of international borders to non-Greek nationals, new cases, testing policy, and restrictions in internal movements. Web search had negligible temporal autocorrelation between weeks. Web search peaked during the same weeks that the Rt was peaking although new deaths or new cases were not peaking during those dates. The extent to which online searches may reflect the actual epidemiological situation is discussed.
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis and Pregnancy - A Case Report
Authors: AGARWAL MUKTA , SINGH RITU , Sinha Sudwita , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with a high penetrance characterized by widespread intra-alveolar accumulation of innumerable minute calculi called microliths. Pregnancy with PAM is even rarer. Here we are presenting the second case in India of 28yrs G2P1L1 37 weeks 1 day, known case of PAM with gestational hypothyroidism. She had difficulty in breathing which has increased from NYHA- grade II to NYHA- grade III from the fifth month of gestation. She had parrot beak (grade 3) clubbing. She was having intrauterine growth restriction with a growth discrepancy of four weeks. The patient was taken for cesarean section in view of a breech with premature rupture of the membrane with intrauterine growth restriction. Since lung function is compromised, oxygen supply to the baby is expected to be compromised, which can lead to intrauterine growth restriction, which is evident in this patient in both of her pregnancies.
Hexahedral Mesh Quality Improvement with Geometric Constraints
Authors: peng wei , Wu Xinguang , Bao Yidong , Zhang Chaoyang , Ji Weixi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hexahedral mesh is of great value in the analysis of mechanical structure, and the mesh quality has an important impact on the efficiency and accuracy of the analysis. This paper presents a quality improvement method for hexahedral meshes, which consists of node classification, geometric constraints based single hexahedron regularization and local hexahedral mesh stitching. The nodes are divided into different types and the corresponding geometric constraints are established in single hexahedron regularization to keep the geometric shapes of original mesh. In contrast to the global optimization strategies, we perform the hexahedral mesh stitching operation within a few local regions surrounding elements with undesired quality, which can effectively improve the quality of the mesh with less consuming time. A number of mesh quality improvements for hexahedral meshes generated by a variety of methods are introduced to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.