bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal foraging and activity by diurnal lizards: Six species of day geckos (Phelsuma spp.) using the night‐light niche
Authors: Baxter‐Gilbert James , Baider Cláudia , Florens F.B. Vincent , Hawlitschek Oliver , Mohan Ashwini V. , Mohanty Nitya P. , Wagener Carla , Webster Kathleen C. , Riley Julia L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAltered environments in urban areas are known to impact and change animal behaviour. In particular, artificial light at night (ALAN) affects behaviour across taxonomic groups, including reptiles. Geckos in the genus Phelsuma are predominantly diurnal, but some have been documented to alter their foraging behaviour from a diurnal to nocturnal activity period when they have access to artificial light sources. Herein, we report new observations of six Phelsuma spp. (Andaman day geckos, P. andamanensis; blue‐tailed day geckos, P. cepediana; Madagascar giant day geckos, P. grandis; Réunion ornate day geckos, P. inexpectata; gold dust day geckos, P. laticauda; Mahé day geckos, P. sundbergi longinsulae) using artificial lights to engage in nocturnal activity that includes foraging, courtship, and agonistic behaviour. Artificial light at night augments the amount of time predators, especially visual predators, can spend foraging. This can increase their overall daily activity period (i.e. the amount of time spent active within 24 h), and research is yet to fully understand the cost–benefit trade‐offs this altered behaviour has on individual fitness. Overall, our novel accounts of six Phelsuma spp. contribute to knowledge regarding the diversity of animals that have altered their behaviour in response to ALAN and highlight the behavioural flexibility of this group of geckos.
Association between structural social support and quality of life among urban older Malaysians
Authors: Abu Hammattah Alaa’ , Mohd Yunus Raudah , Matthias Müller Andre , Bahyah Kamaruzzaman Shahrul , Naqiah Hairi Noran 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the association between structural social support and quality of life (QoL) among urban older people in Malaysia.MethodsCross‐sectional data of 1484 participants from the first wave of the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) were analysed. QoL was measured with the Control, Autonomy, Self‐realization, and Pleasure 12‐item scale (CASP‐12). Multivariate analyses were run using the generalised linear interactive model (GLIM) to determine the association between structural social support measures and QoL.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 70.1 (SD = 7.4) years. Being married (B = 0.05, 95%CI 0.02, 0.08), larger social networks (B = 0.01, 95%CI 0.01, 0.02) and social participation (B = 0.02, 95%CI 0.02, 0.09) were associated with higher QoL, while living alone (B= −0.04, 95%CI −0.06, −0.02) was associated with lower QoL.ConclusionStructural social support plays an important role in the QoL of older people in Malaysia.
Prospective analysis of syncope/pre‐syncope in a tertiary paediatric orthopaedic fracture outpatient clinic
Authors: Davies Jonathan , MacDonald Leigh , Sivakumar Brahman , Carty Christopher , Whiting Donal , Graham David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of vasovagal syncope (VVS) precipitated by medical procedures such as blood donation is quoted as between 0.13% and 4.17%. Vasovagal events have been observed to occur following cast removal at our paediatric orthopaedic clinic; however, there is no available information in the existing literature regarding incidence or risk factors. This study aims to identify the incidence and demographic traits of patients experiencing syncopal events following cast removal.MethodsOver a 12‐month period, paediatric patients experiencing a syncopal or pre‐syncopal event during an outpatient appointment for cast removal were prospectively enrolled into the study. Basic demographic data were recorded, as well as injury and procedure details and a description of the event. Statistical analysis as well as calculation of incidence of vasovagal events were performed.ResultsA total of 6078 patients presented for cast removal in the 12‐month period. Twenty syncopal or pre‐syncopal events were recorded. Incidence was calculated as 0.32%. Mean patient age was 10.8 years. Male : female ratio was 2.3:1. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 20.08, with a trend for higher prevalence of males under the 50th BMI percentile‐for‐age. The mean time post‐injury was 31.4 days. Ninety‐five percent of patients were being treated for an upper limb injury and 30% had injuries that had been treated surgically. There were no associated secondary complications or injuries.ConclusionsIncidence of VVS following cast removal is comparable to the values quoted in literature for other medical procedures. Demographic data of our cohort suggested that those who experienced VVS were predominantly young males of lower‐than‐average BMI.
Suicide prevention in psychiatric patients
Authors: Wasserman Danuta , Carli Vladimir , Iosue Miriam , Javed Afzal , Herrman Helen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn increased risk of suicide has been reported for psychiatric patients. In several world regions, an underlying psychiatric disorder is reported in up to 90% of people who die from suicide, though this rate seems to be considerably lower in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Major psychiatric conditions associated with suicidality are mood disorders, alcohol and substance use disorders, borderline personality disorder, and schizophrenia. Comorbidity between different disorders is frequently associated with a higher suicide risk. A history of suicide attempts, feelings of hopelessness, impulsivity and aggression, adverse childhood experiences, severe psychopathology, and somatic disorders are common risk factors for suicide among psychiatric patients. Stressful life events and interpersonal problems, including interpersonal violence, are often triggers. A comprehensive and repeated suicide risk assessment represents the first step for effective suicide prevention. Particular attention should be paid during and after hospitalization, with the first days and weeks after discharge representing the most critical period. Pharmacological treatment of mood disorders and schizophrenia has been shown to have an anti‐suicidal effect. A significant reduction of suicidal thoughts and behavior has been reported for cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy. Brief interventions, including psychoeducation and follow‐ups, are associated with a decrease in suicide deaths. Further development of suicide prevention in psychiatric patients will require a better understanding of additional risk and protective factors, such as the role of a person's decision‐making capacity and social support, the role of spiritual and religious interventions, and the reduction of the treatment gap in mental health care.
Reanalysing the factor structure of the moral foundations questionnaire
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Rhodes Darren 
Published: February 2021

The moral foundations theory (MFT) is an influential multifactorial model that posits how decision‐making in the moral context originates from a set of six intuitive moral foundations: care, fairness, authority, loyalty, purity, and liberty. The established measure of these foundations—the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ)—has been used extensively in a range of empirical projects. However, recent analyses of its factor structure and the internal consistency of each of the foundation clusters have called its validity into question. In this paper, data from a large sample of British voters were used to re‐examine the factor structure of the MFQ. As opposed to a 6‐factor structure, only three meaningful clusters emerged in an exploratory principal factors analysis (Study 1; N = 428): traditionalism, compassion, and liberty. This structure was broadly confirmed in an independent sample (Study 2; N = 322). Concurrent validity was established via correlations with measures of ‘social change’ and ‘systemic inequality’ insecurities (Study 1) and voting behaviour and preferences (Study 2). Significant differences on each of the three factors of the revised MFQ (MFQ‐r) were observed between the voters of different political parties (Study 1) and sides of the Brexit issue (Study 2). Implications for moral foundations theory and its measurement are discussed.
Cystathionine‐gamma‐lyase overexpression in T cells enhances antitumor effect independently of cysteine autonomy
Authors: Lancien Melanie , Gueno Lucile , Salle Sonia , Merieau Emmanuel , Beriou Gaelle , Nguyen Tuan H. , Abidi Ahmed , Dilek Nahzli , Solomon Pierre , Poschmann Jeremie , Michielin Olivier , Vuillefroy de Silly Romain , Vanhove Bernard , Louvet Cedric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractT cells could be engineered to overcome the aberrant metabolic milieu of solid tumors and tip the balance in favor of a long‐lasting clinical response. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of stably overexpressing cystathionine‐gamma‐lyase (CTH, CSE, or cystathionase), a pivotal enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, in antitumor CD8+ T cells with the initial aim to boost intrinsic cysteine metabolism. Using a mouse model of adoptive cell transfer (ACT), we found that CTH‐expressing T cells showed a superior control of tumor growth compared to control T cells. However, contrary to our hypothesis, this effect was not associated with increased T cell expansion in vivo or proliferation rescue in the absence of cysteine/cystine in vitro. Rather than impacting methionine or cysteine, ACT with CTH overexpression unexpectedly reduced glycine, serine, and proline concentration within the tumor interstitial fluid. Interestingly, in vitro tumor cell growth was mostly impacted by the combination of serine/proline or serine/glycine deprivation. These results suggest that metabolic gene engineering of T cells could be further investigated to locally modulate amino acid availability within the tumor environment while avoiding systemic toxicity.
Tumor‐associated macrophages promote the metastasis and growth of non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells through NF‐κB/PP2Ac‐positive feedback loop
Authors: Liang Zhan‐Wen , Ge Xin‐Xin , Xu Meng‐Dan , Qin Hualong , Wu Meng‐Yao , Shen Meng , Zhang Yan , Liu Xiao‐Meng , Chen Kai , Li Wei , Duan Weiming , Qin Songbing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNon‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with its aggressive biological behavior, is one of the most diagnosed cancers. Tumor‐associated inflammatory cells play important roles in the interaction between chronic inflammation and lung cancer, however the mechanisms involved are far from defined. In the present study, by developing an orthotopic NSCLC mouse model based on chronic inflammation, we proved that an inflammatory microenvironment accelerated the growth of orthotopic xenografts in vivo. Tumor‐associated macrophages, the most abundant population of inflammatory cells, were identified. Treatment with macrophage‐conditioned medium (MCM) promoted the growth and migration of NSCLC cells. Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified downregulated PP2Ac expression in NSCLC cells upon treatment with MCM. We further confirmed that this downregulation was executed in an NF‐κB pathway‐dependent manner. As IκB kinase (IKK) has been proved to be a substrate of PP2Ac, inhibition on PP2Ac could result in amplification of NF‐κB pathway signaling. Overexpression of PP2Ac, or the dominant‐negative forms of IKK or IκB, attenuated the acceleration of growth and metastasis by MCM. Using bioinformatics analysis, we further identified that CXCL1 and COL6A1 could be downstream of NF‐κB/PP2Ac pathway. Luciferase assay and ChIP assay further confirmed the location of response elements on the promoter regions of CXCL1 and COL6A1. Elevated CXCL1 facilitated angiogenesis, whereas upregulated COL6A1 promoted proliferation and migration.
Young Children’s Prosocial Behavior Protects Against Academic Risk in Neighborhoods With Low Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Armstrong‐Carter Emma , Miller Jonas G. , Hill Liam J. B. , Domingue Benjamin W. 
Published: February 2021

Children raised in neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status (SES) are at risk for low academic achievement. Identifying factors that help children from disadvantaged neighborhoods thrive is critical for reducing inequalities. We investigated whether children’s prosocial behavior buffers concurrent and subsequent academic risk in disadvantaged neighborhoods in Bradford, UK. Diverse children (N = 1,175) were followed until age seven, with measurements taken at four times. We used governmental indices of neighborhood‐level SES, teacher observations of prosocial behaviors, and direct assessments of academic achievement. Neighborhood SES was positively associated with academic achievement among children with low levels of prosocial behavior, but not among children with high levels of prosocial behavior. Prosocial behavior may mitigate academic risk across early childhood.
Masseter muscle activity of conventional denture, fixed prosthesis, and milled bar overdenture used for All‐on‐4 implant rehabilitation: A within‐subject study
Authors: ELsyad Moustafa Abdou , El‐asfahani Iman Adel , Kortam Sahar Ahmed , Mourad Samah Ibrahim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeto examine the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter muscles in patients with conventional dentures and compare it to EMG activity of fixed prosthesis, and milled bar overdentures used to rehabilitate mandibular atrophied ridges according to the All‐on‐4 concept.MethodsEighteen edentulous subjects with atrophied mandibles received complete dentures (CD, control). After 3 months, four implants were installed between the mental foramina according to the “All‐on‐4” protocol and loaded immediately. After osseointegration, fixed prostheses (FPD) or milled bar overdentures (MBO) were given to the patients in random order. Primary (amplitude), and secondary (chewing rate, time of the masticatory cycle, time of masticatory burst, and masticatory time) outcomes were evaluated 3 months after using CD, FPD, and MBO. The evaluations were made during mastication of carrot (hard) and cake (soft) foods.ResultsFPD and MBO were associated with a significantly higher (amplitude, time of masticatory cycle, and time of masticatory burst), and significantly lower (chewing rate and masticatory time) compared with conventional dentures. Primary and secondary outcomes did not differ between FPD and MBO. Carrot had significantly higher amplitude, chewing rate, time of masticatory burst, and masticatory time than cake, while cake had a significantly higher time of masticatory cycle than carrot.ConclusionsWithin limitations of this study, milled bar overdentures for All‐on‐4 implant rehabilitation of atrophied mandible is not less efficient than fixed prostheses in terms of electromyographic activity of the masseter muscle. Both prostheses significantly improve muscle activity, chewing rate, time of masticatory cycle, time of masticatory burst, and masticatory time compared with conventional dentures.
A 5 to 7‐year case series on single angulated implants installed following papilla‐sparing flap elevation
Authors: Wessels Retief , Cosyn Jan , Eghbali Aryan , De Bruyn Hugo , Christiaens Véronique 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBony concavities at the buccal aspect may cause a distortion between the implant axis and ideal prosthetic axis. Angulated implants can overcome this problem, yet long‐term data are lacking. In addition, papilla‐sparing incisions have been proposed to reduce tissue loss, yet aesthetic outcomes have not been published.PurposeTo evaluate the 5 to 7‐year outcome of single angulated implants installed following papilla‐sparing flap elevation.Materials and MethodsPatients who had been consecutively treated with a single angulated implant (Co‐axis®, Southern Implants, Irene, South Africa) in the anterior maxilla were re‐examined after 5 to 7 years. Available data at 1 year (T1) were compared to those obtained at 5 to 7 years (T2).ResultsTwenty out of 22 treated patients (11 females, 9 males, mean age of 52) with 22 implants attended the 5 to 7‐year reassessment. All implants survived and stable clinical conditions could be reached with mean marginal bone loss of 1.28 mm at T2. Papilla‐sparing flap elevation resulted in Pink Esthetic Score of 9.83 at T1 and 8.23 at T2 (p = 0.072). Mucosal Scarring Index was 4.61 at T1 and 3.50 at T2 (p = 0.165). The overall appearance of scarring significantly improved over time (p = 0.032), yet 59% of the cases still demonstrated scarring at T2.cConclusionsWithin the limitations of the study, angulated implants (Co‐axis®, Southern Implants) reached stable clinical conditions. Papilla‐sparing incisions may not be recommended in aesthetically demanding patients due to high risk of scarring.
Safety and incidence of complications associated with bronchoscopy in an obese population
Authors: Salahuddin Moiz , Salamo Oriana , Karanth Siddharth , Faiz Saadia A. , Estrada‐Y‐Martin Rosa M. , Cherian Sujith V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe safety of bronchoscopy in obese patients and those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is unclear. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence of complications during bronchoscopy under moderate sedation in obese patients and to assess the impact of OSA, body mass index (BMI), and duration of the procedure.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study in adult patients undergoing bronchoscopy from January 2010 to August 2019. All patients with BMI > 30 kg/m2 were included. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with all‐complications and respiratory complications.ResultsA total of 345 obese patients were identified. The average BMI in our cohort was 35.3 ± 5.1 kg/m2. During the pre‐procedure risk assessment, 165 (47.8%) patients were labelled as “suspected OSA.” The most common doses of sedation given during the bronchoscopies were fentanyl 50 mcg (34.5%) and midazolam 3 mg (33.6%). The incidence of major complications was 0.6% and minor complications were 41.2%. Minor respiratory (22.9%) and cardiac (26.4%) complications were common. No deaths occurred due to bronchoscopy. Factors that were associated with increased respiratory complications were female gender, suspected OSA, and bronchoscopy duration 20‐30 minutes and bronchoscopy duration greater than 1 hour.ConclusionBronchoscopy under moderate sedation performed in obese patients is safe; however, increased risk may exist with females, increased procedure time, and suspected OSA.
Opposing health effects of hybridization for conservation
Authors: Klemme Ines , Hendrikx Lysanne , Ashrafi Roghaieh , Sundberg Lotta‐Riina , Räihä Ville , Piironen Jorma , Hyvärinen Pekka , Karvonen Anssi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe continuing decline of many natural plant and animal populations emphasizes the importance of conservation strategies. Hybridization as a management tool has proven successful in introducing gene flow to small, inbred populations, but can be also associated with health risks. For example, hybridization can change susceptibility to infection in either direction due to heterosis (hybrid vigor) and outbreeding depression, but such health effects have rarely been considered in the genetic management of populations. Here, we investigated the effects of experimental outcrossing between the critically endangered Saimaa landlocked salmon (Salmo salar m. sebago) and the genetically more diverse Atlantic salmon (S. salar) on infection susceptibility. We exposed the parent populations and their hybrids to two parasites that commonly infect these species, the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare and the macroparasitic fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum. We found that landlocked salmon had lower survival during the bacterial epidemic, but higher resistance against the fluke, compared with Atlantic salmon. Hybrids showed intermediate survival and resistance, suggesting that hybridization decreased susceptibility to one parasite, but concurrently increased it to another. Our results emphasize the importance of considering health effects of different types of infections when employing hybridization for conservation.
The effects of lean implementation on hospital financial performance
Authors: Narayanan Sriram , Vickery Shawnee K. , Nicolae Mariana L. , Castel Matthew J. , McLeod Michael K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study examines lean implementation's effects on hospital financial performance using survey and secondary data for a large sample of US hospitals. Using sociotechnical systems theory, a social context is identified that should motivate the use of lean process improvement tools (LPT) in a hospital setting and accentuate its performance benefits. Shah and Ward's employee involvement (EI) construct is adapted to a hospital setting to define a supportive social context for LPT, which is further shaped by organizational psychological safety (PS). The research model depicts PS as amplifying the effect of EI on LPT, which, in turn, influences a hospital's return on assets (ROA) via three potential pathways: (a) through enhanced revenues; and/or (b) through reduced hospital discharge costs; and/or (c) directly. The results show that EI engenders LPT and that this effect is heightened as PS improves. LPT is shown to positively impact ROA indirectly through higher revenues, but not through lower discharge costs. The findings reveal positive, indirect effects of EI on revenue and profitability at moderate/high levels of PS. Robustness is investigated using an alternate performance metric—hospital excess margin—with consistent results. Post hoc analyses explore potential mechanisms through which lean implementation may increase hospital revenues, including hospital throughput (discharges), readmission rate, experiential quality, length of stay, and overall patient recommendation. The analyses reveal that the impact of LPT on hospital revenue is potentially realized through higher hospital discharges. Overall, the study demonstrates that lean implementation as a sociotechnical system contributes to superior performance.
Sexual freedom and family ties: Evidence from China's ethnic minorities
Authors: Wang Danli , Yang Yixin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn a culture with a high degree of sexual freedom, an individual is less likely to know who his male ancestors are, thereby leading to loose family links. We establish an inverse relationship between sexual freedom and family ties using individual survey and minority‐level data from China. By employing traditional minority‐level marriage customs and labour intensity to instrument for contemporary individual attitudes towards sexual freedom, the two‐stage least‐squares estimates confirm the causal relationship between sexual freedom and family ties. Moreover, loose family ties tend to result in limited trust among family members and more reliance on contracts rather than blood relations when engaging in business with relatives. We confirm the hypothesis using individual survey and minority‐level data.