Could docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), found in breast milk and artificial baby milks, protect infants and children from COVID-19 and make them less susceptible to COVID-19-related severe illness, as well as treat adult COVID-19 patients in combination with retinoic acid? A plan for observation and intervention
Authors: Elkazzaz Mahmoud Ramadan , Ahmed Amr kamel khalil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, is a new virus that has spread fast over the world. The severity of COVID-19 at different ages has been a notable and constant observation: severity, the requirement for hospitalization, and mortality all grow sharply with age, although severe disease and death are uncommon in children and young adults.. The majority of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have moderate symptoms, which include fever, cough, pharyngitis, gastrointestinal symptoms, and changes in taste and smell. The question of whether children are less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 is still being debated. Children make up only 1 to 2% of all SARS-CoV-2 cases, according to large epidemiological research. these numbers are heavily, depend on testing criteria, and in many reports, testing was limited to those who were symptomatic or required hospitalization, which is less common in children.. According to certain research, children are just as likely as adults to contract SARS-CoV-2.9. Recent research suggests that children are less likely to become infected after coming into touch with a SARS-CoV-2-positive person.According to some reports, children and adolescents have similar virus loads and are hence just as likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2 as adults. Furthermore, the viral load in asymptomatic and symptomatic people may be identical. Reassuringly, transmission of the virus from children to other children or adults in schools has been infrequent.Children are less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and have less severe symptoms, which is similar to what has been observed with SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory disease (MERS)-CoV. Infection with most other respiratory viruses (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, or influenza viruses), on the other hand, has a far higher prevalence and severity in youngsters. Dr. Mahmoud Elkazzaz and Dr Amr kamel khalil Ahmed, the lead investigators of this observational study, recently published a preprint that demonstrated Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had a high binding affinity and greatest interactions with ACE2 active sites, as well as a moderate binding affinity and moderate interactions with the active sites of IL-6. The Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) interacts with different active sites of IL6 and ACE2 which are involved in direct or indirect contacts with the ACE2 and IL-6 receptors which might act as potential blockers of functional ACE2 and IL-6 receptor complex.. A study proposed, a clinical benefit of targeting IL-17A signaling and the synergic inflammatory cytokine IL-6 to manage COVID-19 patients, particularly those presenting with cytokine storm syndrome.Hypercytokinemia, caused by notably high pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17, is mostly linked to the worsened clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients(14). In PBMCs from individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, a combination of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibits IL-17 gene expression.ConclusionsDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was detected in abundance in breast milk and other algal sources milk supplement used for newborns and children's feeding. As a result, we believe that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may protect children and newborns thorough competing with COVID-19 for ACE2 receptors and inhibiting IL-6 activity and may possibly help them avoid a cytokine storm and save their lives through inhibiting IL-6 and preventing SARS- CoV-2 RBD attachment to ACE2. In addition to IL-17 was fond to increase COVID-19 inflammatory complication in this case DHA combined with retinoic acid is expected to be effective in inhibiting IL-6 and IL-17.