bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugated linoleic acid protects against appendicular bone loss in orchidectomized middle‐aged guinea pigs
Authors: DeGuire Jason R , Lavery Paula , Mak Ivy L , Agellon Sherry , Weiler Hope A 
Published: June 2021

Osteoporosis in aging men requires sex‐specific interventions. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) increases bone mineral density (BMD) in mice but no study has studied the effect of CLA in advanced aging in males. The objective was to assess the effects of CLA on bone loss in aging by DXA (QDR 4500A, Hologic) and micro computed tomography (μCT; SkyScan 1174). As an advanced aging model, male pigmented guinea pigs (n=40, weight: 1207.0±7.7 g) were randomized at 70 wk of age to: SHAM+Control diet, SHAM+CLA diet (1% c9,t11 CLA 80% pure), orchidectomy (ORX)+Control diet, or ORX+CLA diet. DXA and μCT scans of left tibia (T), femur (F) and L3 vertebra (L3) were performed at 16 wk. Mixed model ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's HSD was used to test for group differences in bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and volumetric BMD (Table 1) as well as trabecular number (Tb.N), thickness (Tb.Th) and separation (Th.Sp). Tb.N was significantly higher in the SHAM+CTRL (T: 0.025±0.001, F: 0.039±0.002) vs. ORX+CTRL (T: 0.019±0.001, F: 0.028±0.002; P=0.01 & 0.004). Tb.Sp of SHAM+CLA (F: 25.39±1.83) was significantly lower than ORX+CTRL (LF: 34.24±2.56, P=0.04). No differences among groups were observed for periosteal and endosteal volume, L3, Tb.Th, and T Th.Sp using μCT or any outcomes by DXA. These data suggest that CLA protects against appendicular bone loss incurred with aging. Since DXA did not reveal group differences for areal BMD it may not be sensitive enough to quantify skeletal response to some dietary interventions.Grant Funding Source: NSERC
The Influence of home‐delivered Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) meals on body mass index and percent of energy needs consumed among older adults with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Racine Elizabeth F , Lyerly Jordan , Warren-Findlow Jan , Jennifer Troyer , McAuley WIlliam 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of a home delivered DASH meal intervention, similar to the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (OAANP) home delivered meals program, on energy balance and weight.MethodsData for the analysis came from a randomized control trial of home‐delivered DASH meals and medical nutrition therapy conducted from 2003–2005. Study participants (n=298) were over age 60 and had hyperlidemia or hypertension. Difference‐in‐differences (DD) models were used in estimating the effects of the home‐delivered meal intervention on BMI and percent of daily energy needs met.ResultsThe majority of the study participants were white (62.1%), and were women (83.9%), had an income below 165% of the poverty level (71.5%), and were overweight or obese as indicated by a BMI ≥25 kg/m3 (76.7%). The average age was about 72. Receipt of meals did not have a significant effect on BMI or percent of daily energy needs.ConclusionRegistered dietitians and other health care providers are encouraged to assist older adults in obtaining OAANP meals that are therapeutically designed to meet DASH guidelines.This study was funded by the Administration on Aging
A role for Selenoprotein H in genome stability maintenance against oxidative stress
Authors: Wu Ryan TY , Cheng Wen-Hsing 
Published: June 2021

Selenoprotein H (SelH) is a nuclear selenoprotein known to play dual roles in redox maintenance and transcriptional activation in the response to oxidative stress. If left unrepaired, persistent oxidative DNA damage can lead to cellular senescence and genome instability. To test an antioxidative role for SelH in genome maintenance, we generated SelH and scrambled shRNA MRC‐5 (normal) and HeLa (cancerous) cell lines and exposed the cells to DNA‐damaging agents. Here, we report that SelH knockdown sensitizes HeLa cells to treatment with hydrogen peroxide and paraquat, but not to hydroxyurea, a replication stress inducer, or to neocarzinostatin, a γ‐irradiation mimetic. Whereas both SelH and scrambled shRNA MRC‐5 cells proliferate faster when cultured in a 3% than in a 20% oxygen incubator, the growth rate is slower in SelH shRNA than in scrambled MRC‐5 cells in a 3% or in a 20% oxygen incubator. Consequently, SelH shRNA but not scrambled MRC‐5 cells reach replicative senescence at day 35 (passage 13) in a 20% oxygen incubator. Upon hydrogen peroxide treatment, cells deficient in SelH show increased induction of γH2AX and phospho‐ATM on Ser‐1981, reduced glutathione level, and translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol to the nucleus in a dose‐dependent manner. Taken together, SelH may specifically limit oxidative DNA damage and senescence induction upon physiological oxidative stress.Grant Funding Source : N/A
Having orange juice instead of drinking water with breakfast limits postprandial fat oxidation after breakfast in normal weight adolescents and adults
Authors: Stookey Jodi , Hamer Janice , Espinoza Graciela , Higa Annie , Ng Vivian , Tinajero-Deck Lydia , Havel Peter , King Janet 
Published: June 2021

Caloric beverages may promote weight gain by simultaneously increasing total energy intake and limiting fat oxidation. During moderate intensity exercise, caloric beverage intake depresses fat oxidation by 25% or more compared to drinking water. This randomized crossover study described the impact of having a caloric beverage with a typical meal on fat oxidation under resting conditions. On two separate days, healthy normal weight adolescents (n=7) and adults (n=10) consumed the same breakfast with either orange juice or drinking water, and sat at rest for three hours after breakfast. The energy content of the meal with orange juice was 210 kcal higher than the meal paired with drinking water. Both meals contained the same amount of fat (12 g). For both age groups, both meals resulted in a net positive energy balance 150 min after breakfast. Resting fat oxidation and fat balance 150 min after breakfast were significantly lower after breakfast with orange juice, however. The results suggest that, independent of a state of energy excess, when individuals have a caloric beverage instead of drinking water with a meal, they are less likely to oxidize the amount of fat consumed in the meal before their next meal.This project was supported by unrestricted funds from Nestle Waters, by grant number 1R25HL096365‐01, and by NIH/NCRR UCSF‐CTSI Grant Number UL1 RR024131.
Oils rich in alpha‐linolenic acid independently protect against characteristics of fatty liver disease in the delta‐6‐desaturase null mouse
Authors: Monteiro Jessica , McLennan Mira , Hillyer Lyn , Askarian Fatemeh , Moghadasian Mohammed H. , Nakamura Manabu T , Ma David W.L. 
Published: June 2021

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health concern. The study objective was to use the novel Δ‐6‐desaturase null (D6KO) mouse to determine if α‐linolenic acid (ALA) can independently prevent hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Experimental groups include male wild type (WT) or D6KO mice fed a high fat diet (30% fat) containing either: lard (LD), canola oil (CD,11% ALA), flax oil (FD,50% ALA), or fish oil (MD, n‐3 HUFA) (n=4–7/group) for 8 or 20 weeks. At 8 weeks mean hepatic inflammation scores for D6KO CD and FD groups were intermediate between LD and MD scores, and lower than WT scores. In contrast, D6KO FD and CD groups had higher hepatic steatosis scores relative to WT mice. FD and MD D6KO groups had lower liver lipid mass relative to LD‐fed D6KO mice. Similar trends were seen at 20 weeks. Gas chromatography confirmed the absence of n‐3 HUFA (LD, CD, FD) and of enrichment ALA (CD, FD) in D6KO liver tissue. Results confirm that perturbations in essential fatty acid metabolism lead to the development of fatty liver, and suggest that oils rich in ALA can independently prevent hepatic inflammation. Supported by Canola Council of Canada, NSERC, CFI/ORF to D.Ma and OGS to J. MonteiroGrant Funding Source: Canola Council of Canada, NSERC
Nutrition related health status of individuals affected by coal and tobacco economies and policies in Virginia
Authors: Meacham Susan L , Sukpraprut Suport 
Published: June 2021

To assess the effects of mining on community well‐being a comparative study assessed the nutritional health of individuals in Virginia targeting regions typically characterized by more health disparities than other regions of Virginia. The Preventive Medicine Research Center at Via College of Osteopathic Medicine‐Virginia Campus (VCOM) conducted the study with physicians and medical residents in OMNEE (Osteopathic Medical Network of Excellence in Education). Selected for study were counties where mountaintop mining is currently a primary source of employment; as well as counties considered non‐coal‐mining, historically coal‐mining, and tobacco producing. Groups were comparable in subject number and matched by socioeconomic status, i.e., poverty, education, unemployment, race/ethnicity, etc. Data collected through local health department and medical records were analyzed on individuals as was secondary data from state and national data sources. Primary outcome measures were reported for chronic diseases, i.e., heart, cancer, kidney, stroke, asthma, lung, obesity, diabetes, thyroid, hypertension, and birth defects.Funding: Appalachian Research Initiative for Environmental Science, Directed by the Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
MICROBIAL COLONIZATION PATTERNS OF PIGLETS FED BOTH SOW MILK AND FORMULA IS MORE SIMILAR TO THAT OF EXCLUSIVELY SOW‐REARED THAN FORMULA‐FED PIGLETS
Authors: Wang Mei , Radlowski Emily C. , Li Min , Monaco Marcia H. , Donovan Sharon M. 
Published: June 2021

By 6 months, ~30% of U.S. babies receive both breastmilk and formula (combined feeding; CF), but little is known about its effect on microbial colonization, particularly in the presence of prebiotics. Newborn piglets were randomized into 5 groups: FF, FP, SR, CF and CP (n=6 per group). Sow‐reared (SR) remained with the sow 24h/day and formula fed (FF) or FF + prebiotic (FP; 4:1 galactooligosaccharide and inulin) were fed a milk replacer. CF and CF + prebiotic (CP) piglets were sow‐reared for 5d and were then rotated between the sow and formula every 12h. On d21, ascending colon contents were collected. Microbiota was assessed by pyrosequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Distance‐based redundancy analysis of DGGE and pyrosequencing data separated FF and FP from SR, CF and CP. CP differed from SR by both methods, while CF tended (p=0.06) to differ from SR by DGGE, but not by pyrosequencing. No differences in microbiota between FF and FP or CF and CP were found. Indicator species analysis showed that SR harbored more Resoburia and Actinobacillus, FF/FP had more Weissella and Enterococcus and CF/CP more Megasphaera and Prevotella. Thus, the three feeding paradigms produced distinct microbial colonization patterns; however, CF was more similar to exclusively SR than FF. Adding prebiotics to FP or CP did not result in colonization patterns more similar to that of SR (BMS Freedom to Discover Award).Grant Funding Source : Bristol‐Meyer‐Squibb
Understanding facilitators and barriers to pregnant women's participation in a nutrition supplementation program in Bangladesh
Authors: Woo Jisung , Pelto Gretel H , Naved Ruchira T , Frongillo Edward A , Rasmussen Kathleen M 
Published: June 2021

An ethnographic study was conducted to explore cultural factors affecting the use of nutritional supplements among pregnant women in rural Bangladesh. In‐depth interviews using a semi‐structured interview guide were conducted with 24 women who had previous experience with a prenatal nutrition supplementation program. Text analysis of transcripts revealed various facilitators and barriers to acquiring and consuming the supplements. Facilitators include support from family, decreased access to food, advice from medical professionals, recognition of the benefits of supplements, and strong individual will. Among the barriers were perceptions of poor appetite, fear of needing a Cesarean delivery caused by a large baby, a gap between anticipated and experienced benefits of supplements, and disapproval by husbands and mothers‐in‐law. Sharing the supplements with others and replacing home diet with the supplement were also barriers to effectiveness. Some barriers had potential to be transformed into facilitators through appropriate actions for modifying women's perceptions. Thus, to enhance pregnant women's participation in a nutrition program, it is essential to obtain participants’ perspectives about supplement use and to address factors affecting their participation, particularly those with the potential to play dual roles.Grant Funding Source: DNS small grant/Einaudi Center Travel Grant
Impact of meal patterning on carotenoid absorption from vegetables
Authors: Goltz Shellen R. , Sapper Teryn N. , Failla Mark L. , Campbell Wayne W. , Ferruzzi Mario G. 
Published: June 2021

The effect of meal patterning on carotenoid absorption is unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the impact of various consumption patterns on the bioavailability of carotenoids from vegetables. On three randomized testing days, subjects consumed equal amounts of fat‐free “chef's salad” ingredients at two meals (hours 0 and 4) along with raw vegetables and 8g canola oil split between the meals in the following dosing patterns: 100 and 0%; 75 and 25%; and 50 and 50%. Blood samples were collected from 0–12h and triacylglycerol rich lipoprotein fractions (TRL) were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Carotenoid contents of TRL fractions were analyzed by HPLC‐PDA. Considering all carotenoids, absorption was greatest when ≥ 75% of vegetables were consumed in the first meal (P=0.06). Absorption of apolar carotenes also followed this trend (α‐carotene: P=0.06; β‐carotene: P=0.05). For more polar xanthophylls, consumption of all vegetables in the first meal promoted greater absorption compared to 75% or less at one time (lutein: P=0.08; zeaxanthin: P=0.05). These data suggest that, within the context of typical meals, carotenoid absorption from raw vegetable salads is greatest when consumed in one setting compared to smaller doses over multiple meals.Grant Funding Source : USDA‐NRI # 2007‐02313.
Vascular Epigenetics by Regulatory RNA: Chance and Necessity [Algorithms] in Adaptation Reactions
Authors: Wissler Josef H 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVEFrom same genotype [twins, clones, polyphenisms], different phenotypes may result from coded genetic [Mendelian] and epigenetic [non‐Mendelian] reactions. Noncoding ncRNAs, the main RNA transcript fraction, were investigated for regulatory functions in epigenetic vascular [angiogenic / arteriogenic] phenotype biology upon extrinsic chemical [metabolic, hypoxic] and physical [mechanosensitive, shear stress] chance factors.METHODSAnn. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1022:163–184, 2004; 1137:316–342, 2008; Biophys. J. 102, 2012.RESULTSUpon environmental chance reactions, endothelial cells and macrophages form regulatory RNAs. As for isolated and sequenced angiotropin angiomorphogen RNA, some are modified, edited, redox‐ and metalloregulated functional small hairpin ncRNA [<200n]. Modified bases / nucleosides are e.g. isoguanosine / crotonoside, adenosine‐N1‐oxide of 151Da base families. ncRNAs regulate phenotypic adaptation to environmental needs by complementary interaction with defined conserved homologous helix‐nucleating Mendelian consensus domains shared in epigenetic regulator proteins. Unrelated sequences / conformations and precursors without modifications showed no function.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest novel mechanisms and therapeutic targets for metabolically and hemodynamically switched vascular adaptation [angiogenesis / arteriogenesis], like collateral safeguard circulation [form follows function]. Chance and necessity relations generate non‐Mendelian ncRNA diversity as epigenetic codes in interactions with Mendelian‐coded biomolecules and influence how selection impinges on [transient] phenotypes.
A novel kinin‐kallikrein pathway regulates vertebrate mouth formation
Authors: Sindelka Radek , Jacox Laura , Dickinson Amanda , Sive Hazel 
Published: June 2021

The mouth, the initial opening between the gut and outside of the embryo, forms from juxtaposed ectoderm and endoderm at the extreme anterior of the embryo. In Xenopus embryos, mouth formation correlates with multiple steps, including cell death, dissolution of the basement membrane, cell layer thinning and intercalation, and cell sheet perforation. From an expression microarray screen we identified three members of the kinin‐kallikrein pathway as highly expressed in the developing mouth region. These are carboxypeptidase‐N, kininogen and neural nitric‐oxide synthase. This pathway acts in adults as a regulator of inflammation and blood pressure, but has not previously been described in embryos. In adults, the pathway converges on production of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO). Using antisense oligonucleotides, we show that all three members of this putative embryonic pathway are essential for mouth formation. Consistent with activity of the signaling pathway, all loss of function phenotypes can be rescued by application of exogenous nitric oxide (NO), and by injection of predicted peptide ligands. We further show that endogenous NO is produced in ectodermal tissue and has a role in regulating cell layering during mouth formation. We suggest that the kinin‐kallikrein pathway is active in the embryo and essential for craniofacial development.Grant Funding Source: AAA
The role of the transcription factor BCL11B in the regulation of growth and asymmetric development of the mouse incisor
Authors: Kyrylkova Kateryna , Kyryachenko Sergiy , Kioussi Chrissa , Leid Mark 
Published: June 2021

Development of the mammalian tooth has been intensively studied as a model system for epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions during organogenesis. Furthermore, the mouse incisor regenerates constantly and thus is an excellent model to analyze regulatory pathways that affect dental stem cells. In addition, enamel on the mouse incisor is deposited asymmetrically, which allows the study of differential patterning of the tooth.The transcription factor BCL11B plays essential roles in the development of immune, central nervous, and cutaneous systems. Bcl11b−/− mice are characterized by poorly developed teeth, however, little is known about the role of BCL11B throughout incisor development.We investigated the Bcl11b−/− incisor morphology, proliferation, and expression of growth and transcription factors that are crucial for incisor development throughout mouse embryogenesis. We show that BCL11B regulates the expression of several signaling molecules and is essential for epithelial proliferation and asymmetric development of the incisor. In addition, BCL11B contributes to the proper differentiation and localization of enamel‐secreting cells, known as ameloblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrated that BCL11B functions as a critical regulator of proper incisor development, and this study may contribute to the generation of the bioengineered teeth.Grant Funding Source: DE021879 from NIDCR to ML
DHA alters EGFR spatiotemporal dynamics to suppress signal transduction
Authors: Turk Harmony Faith , Chapkin Robert S. 
Published: June 2021

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which regulates cell growth and survival, is integral in colon tumorigenesis. Lipid rafts play a role in controlling EGFR signaling, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is known to perturb lipid rafts. Here, we investigated the mechanistic link between EGFR function and DHA. DHA treatment of immortalized colonocytes and C57BL6 mouse colonic mucosa increased EGFR phosphorylation but paradoxically suppressed downstream activation of STAT3 and ERK1/2. DHA also suppressed cell proliferation in an EGFR‐dependent manner. The EGFR‐Ras‐ERK1/2 signaling cascade was assessed to identify the locus of the DHA‐induced disruption of signal transduction. Recruitment of Grb2 to EGFR, assessed using total internal reflective fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, was increased by DHA treatment, whereas Ras GTP binding, a lipid raft‐dependent process, was suppressed by DHA treatment. Colocalization and membrane subfractionation experiments demonstrated that DHA reduced the localization of EGFR to lipid rafts. DHA further antagonized EGFR signaling capacity by increasing the rates of EGFR internalization and degradation. From these results, we conclude that DHA‐induced dissociation of EGFR from lipid rafts culminates in the suppression of EGFR downstream signal transduction, which has implications for the molecular basis of colon cancer prevention by DHA.Grant Funding Source : NIH CA59034
Intergenerational exergaming physical activity program increases flexibility and strength in older adults
Authors: Strand Kara Anne , Francis Sarah L. , Margrett Jennifer A. , Franke Warren D. , Peterson Marc J. 
Published: June 2021

Exergaming is an innovative strategy to improve community‐residing older adults’ fitness. This crossover design study examined the impact an intergenerational 8‐week exergaming program for community‐residing older adults had on fitness levels. The program met twice weekly (60 minutes of Wii® EA Active total). It combined aerobic and resistance activity with increased intensity and duration. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired sample t‐tests. Missing data are not included. Forty‐six older adults completed the program (67.6% completion rate). Senior fit tests (chair stand, back scratch, and handgrip [using dynamometer]) were completed at Weeks 1 and 8. Improvement was seen in the number of chair stands (p=0.002), average back scratch flexibility (p=0.029), and left hand grip strength (p=0.041) from pre‐ to post‐program. These results suggest an intergenerational exergaming program is an effective strategy in improving flexibility and strength in community‐residing older adults.Funded by: The Rural Health and Safety Education Competitive Program of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, grant number 2010‐03643.
The association between food patterns and adiposity in Canadian children
Authors: Wang JiaWei , Shang Lei , Gray-Donald Katherine , Lambert Maire , O'Loughlin Jennifer , Tremblay Angelo 
Published: June 2021

To describe food patterns associated with obesity, children (n=561) with at least one obese parent, were recruited into the Quebec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort and studied cross‐sectionally at baseline. Measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference, fat mass), screen time, physical activity (accelerometer over 7 d), and diet (three 24‐h food recalls) were collected. Factor analysis was used to identify food patterns. Three food patterns were retained: fast food (sugar‐sweetened beverages, fried potatoes, fried chicken, hamburgers/hot dogs/pizza, salty snacks), traditional food (red meats, poultry, fish, vegetables, etc) and healthy food (whole grains, legumes/nuts/seeds, salads). Higher scores on the fast food pattern were associated with overweight/obesity (BMI≥85th percentile), waist circumference, fat mass percentage after adjustment for age, sex, physical activity, screen time, sleep time, family income, mother's obesity and energy intake (P<0.05). The results provide further evidence of a link between fast food intake and obesity in children.Grant Funding Source : Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada and Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec