bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a historical precipitation database for West Africa: Overview, quality control and harmonization
Authors: Bliefernicht Jan , Salack Seyni , Waongo Moussa , Annor Thompson , Laux Patrick , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReliable long‐term observations from precipitation stations are often required for climatological studies but are strongly limited in many regions of the world. To improve this limitation for West Africa, we compiled daily and monthly observations from more than 20 national, continental and global databases, to establish a historical precipitation archive with a focus on four countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin and Togo). The new archive contains long‐term daily and monthly precipitation measurements from 1819 to 2013 for more than 1,000 sites. It is, therefore, the most comprehensive historical dataset with daily and monthly precipitation observations for this region. To produce a quality‐controlled and harmonized precipitation dataset for the focal region, various statistical algorithms have been implemented. These algorithms rely on straightforward geostatistical approaches (e.g., spatial correlograms) and corresponding statistical tests for identification and elimination of unreliable time series, in addition to various standard approaches used by global data centers. Although the quality control revealed various data errors and uncertainties for measurements and meta‐information (e.g., unit conversion errors, temporal offsets, frequent and long data gaps), a spatial interpolation using the quality‐controlled and harmonized dataset produced relatively reliable precipitation patterns for different target variables (e.g., monthly precipitation amount and daily precipitation probability). A major remaining challenge is providing free access to this database for research and other noncommercial purposes, due to national data protection regulations. However, several further tasks have been initiated and implemented (e.g., free provision of gridded precipitation datasets and point statistics) to improve the access and availability of station‐based precipitation observations and related data products for this climatologically challenging region.
An injection‐locked green InGaN diode laser
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Xu Ying , Tsai Chin‐Chun , Chen Yi‐Hsi , Chen Nan‐Kuang , Chui Hsiang‐Chen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe designed a single‐frequency green laser system that can deliver a 60‐mW frequency‐tunable single‐longitudinal‐mode laser beam, having a 6.5 MHz linewidth at around 519 nm. An external cavity diode laser can provide a wavelength‐tunable single frequency laser beam, but its output power is limited. Therefore, an injection‐locked laser was designed with a Fabry–Perot type green InGaN laser diode in an external Littrow‐type cavity as the master laser and another laser diode of the same model as the slave laser. Injection locking can effectively enhance the output power and narrow the linewidth of the master laser. We found that the injection locking occurred at longitudinal mode matching between the master laser and slave laser diodes, which is located at a specific frequency for a periodical applied current. The side peaks of the injection locking due to the transverse mode mismatching were recorded and analyzed.
Tellurium‐stabilized blue laser diode
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Wang Zhiyuan , Xu Ying , Tsai Chin‐Chun , Chen Nan‐Kuang , Chui Hsiang‐Chen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA robust and compact blue optical frequency reference within blue region was designed. A 40‐mW tellurium‐stabilized single‐frequency blue diode laser in external cavity was designed with an absorption spectroscopy method based on tellurium molecular transitions. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the frequency stabilization can be pushed to 2 × 10−9 at a 10‐s integration time. In addition, the correspondence frequency instability was 1.3 MHz when the laser wavelength was 445.75 nm. This study indicates that high‐stability frequency reference within the blue region can be achieved with an external cavity diode laser as opposed to the diode‐pumped frequency‐doubled solid‐state laser.
Organic compound gas detector based on polylactic acid/poly (styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)/multi‐walled carbon nanotube blend composite with co‐continuous microstructure
Authors: Molla‐Abbasi Payam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA conductive polymer composite (CPC) based on polylactic acid (PLA)/poly (styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN)/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) blend was prepared and used as a sensitive layer for detecting methanol, ethanol, toluene, and water vapor. The response behavior of polymer blend nanocomposite in comparison with PLA‐MWNT and SAN‐MWNT sensitive layers was studied as well as the influence of solution blending on the morphology, electrical behavior, and performance parameters of prepared sensitive layers. The scanning electron microscopy micrograph results showed that the PLA/SAN solution blended with a 50/50 wt% ratio had formed the co‐continuous morphology. In addition, the electrical conductivity investigation revealed that the percolation threshold of sensitive layers decreased from 1.5 vol%, related to PLA‐MWNT, to 0.8 vol%, related PLA/SAN blend nanocomposite. Thermodynamic investigation revealed that, in the solution blended conductive composites, MWNTs are preferentially localized in the PLA phase. The relative response (Rrel) of blended conductive composite, in comparison with PLA‐MWNT, was increased toward ethanol and toluene vapor while it was decreased against the methanol vapor. The sensitivity behavior of polymer blend composite was investigated based on the double percolated conductive network as well as the thermodynamic parameters such as Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter and solubility parameters.
Monoallelic deleterious MUTYH germline variants as a driver for tumorigenesis
Authors: Barreiro Rodrigo Araujo Sequeira , Sabbaga Jorge , Rossi Benedito M , Achatz Maria Isabel W , Bettoni Fabiana , Camargo Anamaria A , Asprino Paula F , A F Galante Pedro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMUTYH encodes a glycosylase involved in the base excision repair of DNA. Biallelic pathogenic germline variants in MUTYH cause an autosomal recessive condition known as MUTYH‐associated adenomatous polyposis and consequently increase the risk of colorectal cancer. However, reports of increased cancer risk in individuals carrying only one defective MUTYH allele are controversial and based on studies involving few individuals. Here, we describe a comprehensive investigation of monoallelic pathogenic MUTYH germline variants in 10,389 cancer patients across 33 different tumour types and 117,000 healthy individuals. Our results indicate that monoallelic pathogenic MUTYH germline variants can lead to tumorigenesis through a mechanism of somatic loss of heterozygosity of the functional MUTYH allele in the tumour. We confirmed that the frequency of monoallelic pathogenic MUTYH germline variants is higher in individuals with cancer than in the general population, although this frequency is not homogeneous among tumour types. We also demonstrated that the MUTYH mutational signature is present only in tumours with loss of the functional allele and found that the characteristic MUTYH base substitution (C>A) increases stop‐codon generation. We identified key genes that are affected during tumorigenesis. In conclusion, we propose that carriers of the monoallelic pathogenic MUTYH germline variant are at a higher risk of developing tumours, especially those with frequent loss of heterozygosity events, such as adrenal adenocarcinoma, although the overall risk is still low. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of functional (flame‐retardant and anti‐bacterial) and hybrid (carbon‐glass/epoxy) composites with improved low velocity impact response
Authors: Hussain Muzzamal , Arif Sohaib , Nawab Yasir , Shaker Khubab , Umair Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance synthetic fiber reinforced composites are utilized in high‐tech applications due to their higher mechanical properties. However, in previous work, these composites were not used in outdoor (parks, picnic) and hygienic (hospitals, schools, offices) furniture applications due to fire hazards and bacterial attack. In this work, functional (flame retardant and anti‐bacterial) composites were fabricated along with improved low velocity impact (LVI) response. In the first part of the work, glass/epoxy composites were loaded with the different zirconium phosphate (ZrP) particles percentages (5%, 10%, and 15%) to optimize their flame retardancy and LVI properties. In the second part, glass/epoxy composites were loaded with different zinc oxide (ZnO) particles percentages (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) to optimize their anti‐bacterial and LVI properties. ZrP with 15% concentration showed the highest value of flame retardancy, and energy absorption (31.70 J) and maximum impact force (1377 N) during drop weight impact test. Also, ZnO with 1.5% concentration showed the best anti‐bacterial activity along with improved LVI response (29.70 J absorbed absorbed). In the third part, these optimized percentages of ZrP (15%) and ZnO (1.5%) were used for the development of the hybrid carbon‐glass epoxy composites. Overall, hybrid H3 (GCCG) and H4 (CGGC) showed the optimized and comparable flame retardancy, anti‐bacterial and LVI (29.70 J {H3} and 29.20 J {H4} absorbed absorbed) response.
Individualizing the autism assessment process: A framework for school psychologists
Authors: Monteiro Marilyn J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSchool psychologists familiar with the autism evaluation process have an awareness of the complexity of this school‐based process. This paper provides school clinicians with an introduction to a visual framework and descriptive language to think and talk about the complex students they evaluate in positive, nuanced, and accessible terms. This framework shifts the way in which school psychologists describe students during the autism assessment process away from the reductive language of deficits to the expansive language of describing individualized patterns of strengths and differences. The shift away from labeling behavioral deficits to describing patterns of behavioral differences leads to a positive narrative and creative ways to develop supports and interventions for students across age and ability levels. The use of this strength‐based language supports parents, teachers, and students in their development of an individualized understanding of the diagnosis, promoting resiliency in the individual and in their support systems. Readers are provided with a student sample case to show how using this visual framework provides a way to describe individual students using a behavioral profile of strengths and differences, linking those profiles to positive behavior supports.
Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling of oxcarbazepine and levetiracetam during adjunctive antiepileptic therapy in children and adolescents
Authors: Sinha Jaydeep , Karatza Eleni , Gonzalez Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOxcarbazepine (OXZ) and levetiracetam (LEV) are two new generation anti‐epileptic drugs, often co‐administered in children with enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs). The anti‐epileptic effect of OXZ and LEV are linked to the exposure of OXZ’s active metabolite 10‐monohydroxy derivative (MHD) and (the parent) LEV, respectively. However, little is known about the confounding effect of age and EIAEDs on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of MHD and LEV. To address this knowledge gap, physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was performed in the PK‐Sim software using literature data from children greater than or equal to 2 years of age. Age‐related changes in clearance (CL) of MHD and LEV were characterized, both in the presence (group 1) and absence (group 2) of concomitant EIAEDs. The drug‐drug interaction effect of EIAEDs was estimated as the difference in CL estimates between groups 1 and 2. PBPK modeling suggests that bodyweight normalized CL (ml/min/kg) is higher in younger children than their older counterparts (i.e., due to an influence of age). Concomitant EIAEDs further increase MHD’s CL to a fixed extent of 25% at any age, but EIAEDs’ effect on LEV’s CL increases with age from 20% (at 2 years) to 30% (at adolescence). Simulations with the maximum recommended doses (MRDs) revealed that children between 2 and 4 years and greater than 4 years, who are not on EIAEDs, are at risk of exceeding the reference exposure range for OXZ and LEV, respectively. This analysis demonstrates the use of PBPK modeling in understanding the confounding effect of age and comedications on PKs in children and adolescents.
The efficacy of herbal medicine in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Shavakhi Mojgan , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Shirban Farinaz , Bagherniya Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis systematic review was undertaken with the main aim of assessing the therapeutic effects of herbal medicines in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to July 2021 to identify randomized clinical trials investigated the effects of herbal medicines on RAS. Thirty‐three papers comprising 2,113 patients met the eligibility criteria, of which 30 studies had a high quality based on the Jadad scale. Totally, 22 out of 30 studies which assessed the pain showed that herbal agents significantly decreased the pain compared with the control group or placebo. In 17 out of 25 studies that evaluated ulcer size, herbal agents significantly reduced the size of ulcers compared with the control or placebo groups. In 15 out of 18 studies that assessed the healing time, herbal agents significantly reduced healing time in the intervention groups compared with the placebo or control groups. Few adverse events were reported only in four studies. Findings of the current review indicated medicinal plants and phytochemicals as effective and safe agents that for the treatment of RAS.
A rare case of mediastinal lymphatic venous malformations in children
Authors: Tovichien Prakarn , Kaeotawee Phatthareeda , Udomittipong Kanokporn , Pacharn Preeyacha , Ruangchira‐urai Ruchira 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report a case of mediastinal lymphatic venous malformations (LVM) in a 11‐year‐old boy who presented with chest pain after jumping into a swimming pool, with review of the literature. A superior mediastinal mass was incidentally found from the chest x‐ray. Chest computed tomography revealed a large heterogenous mass at the left‐sided mediastinum containing fat, minimal enhancing solid portion, non‐enhancing cystic portion and calcification. Because of the large size of the mass, the patient underwent tumour removal. Operative findings gave a definitive diagnosis of mediastinal LVM. The patient had an uneventful clinical course and was discharged without complication. This report highlights that it is possible to misdiagnose mediastinal LVM especially if its predominant portion is lymphatic tissue with only minimal contrast enhancement. Tissue biopsy must be avoided because it may lead to haemorrhagic complication.
Equivalence and convergence of two iterative learning control schemes with state feedback
Authors: Zhang Yamiao , Liu Jian , Ruan Xiaoe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article considers the equivalence and convergence of two iterative learning control (ILC) schemes with state feedback for a class of multi‐input‐multi‐output discrete‐time nonlinear systems in which each desired trajectory corresponds to a unique desired input or an infinite number of desired inputs. First, we strictly prove that the two ILC schemes are equivalent if they have the identical initial system inputs. Moreover, by the input space transformation method and mathematical induction we establish the necessary and sufficient criterion for the convergence of system output, input and state sequences. It is shown that the (locally Lipschitz) continuity is enough to guarantee the (exponential) convergence. Generally, the learned desired input depends on the values of the initial signals, the learning gain matrix and the state feedback item. By designing them with appropriate structures, the dependence is disappeared. Third, we show how to leverage the available information of system dynamics to design the learning gain matrix and state feedback for better tracking performance. Finally, we provide an example to illustrate the usefulness of our findings, in which we introduce the energy of learnable desired input to evaluate the learning performance.
Event‐specific win ratios for inference with terminal and non‐terminal events
Authors: Yang Song , Troendle James , Pak Daewoo , Leifer Eric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor semi‐competing risks data involving a non‐terminal event and a terminal event we derive the asymptotic distributions of the event‐specific win ratios under proportional hazards (PH) assumptions for the relevant cause‐specific hazard functions of the non‐terminal and terminal event, respectively. The win ratios converge to the respective hazard ratios under the PH assumptions and therefore are censoring‐free, whether or not the censoring distributions in the two treatment arms are the same. With the asymptotic bivariate normal distributions of the win ratios, confidence intervals and testing procedures are obtained. Through extensive simulation studies and data analysis, we identified proper transformations of the win ratios that yield good control of the type one error rate for various testing procedures while maintaining competitive power. The confidence intervals also have good coverage probabilities. Furthermore, a test for the PH assumptions and a test of equal hazard ratios are developed. The new procedures are illustrated in the clinical trial Aldosterone Antagonist Therapy for Adults With Heart Failure and Preserved Systolic Function, which evaluated the effects of spironolactone in patients with heart failure and a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.
Macrophage Polarization Modulated by NF‐κB in Polylactide Membranes‐Treated Peritendinous Adhesion
Authors: Wang Shuo , Lu Mingkuan , Wang Wei , Yu Shiyang , Yu Ruyue , Cai Chuandong , Li Yuange , Shi Zhongmin , Zou Jian , He Miao , Xie Wenqing , Yu Dengjie , Jin Hongfu , Li Hengzhen , Xiao Wenfeng , Fan Cunyi , Wu Fei , Li Yusheng , Liu Shen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractForeign body reactions (FBR) to implants seriously impair tissue‐implant integration and postoperative adhesion. The macrophage, owing to its phenotypic plasticity, is a major regulator in the formation of the inflammatory microenvironment; NF‐κB signaling also plays a vital role in the process. It is hypothesized that NF‐κB phosphorylation exerts a proinflammatory regulator in FBR to polylactide membranes (PLA‐M) and adhesion. First, in vitro and in vivo experiments show that PLA‐M induces NF‐κB phosphorylation in macrophages, leading to M1 polarization and release of inflammatory factors. The inflammatory microenvironment formed due to PLA‐M accelerates myofibroblast differentiation and release of collagen III and MMP2, jointly resulting in peritendinous adhesion. Therefore, JSH‐23 (a selective NF‐κB inhibitor)‐loaded PLA membrane (JSH‐23/PLA‐M) is fabricated by blend electrospinning to regulate the associated M1 polarization for peritendinous anti‐adhesion. JSH‐23/PLA‐M specifically inhibits NF‐κB phosphorylation in macrophages and exhibits anti‐inflammatory and anti‐adhesion properties. The findings demonstrate that NF‐κB phosphorylation has a critical role in PLA‐induced M1 polarization and aggravating FBR to PLA‐M. Additionally, JSH‐23/PLA‐M precisely targets modulation of NF‐κB phosphorylation in FBR to break the vicious cycle in peritendinous adhesion therapy.
Multi‐Length Scale Structure of 2D/3D Dion–Jacobson Hybrid Perovskites Based on an Aromatic Diammonium Spacer
Authors: Ummadisingu Amita , Mishra Aditya , Kubicki Dominik J. , LaGrange Thomas , Dučinskas Algirdas , Siczek Miłosz , Bury Wojciech , Milić Jovana V. , Grätzel Michael , Emsley Lyndon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDion–Jacobson (DJ) iodoplumbates based on 1,4‐phenylenedimethanammonium (PDMA) have recently emerged as promising light absorbers for perovskite solar cells. While PDMA is one of the simplest aromatic spacers potentially capable of forming a DJ structure based on (PDMA)An−1PbnI3n+1 composition, the crystallographic proof has not been reported so far. Single crystal structure of a DJ phase based on PDMA is presented and high‐field solid‐state NMR spectroscopy is used to characterize the structure of PDMA‐based iodoplumbates prepared as thin films and bulk microcrystalline powders. It is shown that their atomic‐level structure does not depend on the method of synthesis and that it is ordered and similar for all iodoplumbate homologues. Moreover, the presence of lower (n) homologues in thin films is identified through UV–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction measurements, complemented by cathodoluminescence mapping. A closer look using cathodoluminescence shows that the micron‐scale microstructure corresponds to a mixture of different layered homologues that are well distributed throughout the film and the presence of layer edge states which dominate the emission. This work therefore determines the formation of DJ phases based on PDMA as the spacer cation and reveals their properties on a multi‐length scale, which is relevant for their application in optoelectronics.
A profile of the health information seeker in Chile: Introducing the Chilean health information environments (EIS) survey
Authors: Pena‐y‐Lillo Macarena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent years, many countries have sought to assess health information acquisition among their populations. The Health Information Environments (Entornos de Información de Salud; EIS) survey is the first systematic and representative study that addresses access and use of health information in Chile. Modeled after the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), the survey included measures of general health information acquisition, source trust, and health behaviors, with a special focus on physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and smoking cessation. The EIS survey was applied face‐to‐face in Santiago, the capital of Chile, between December 2020 and February 2021 in a sample of 1411 individuals older than 24 years. In this paper, we present the main sections of the EIS questionnaire, the application procedure, response rates, and sample characteristics. Additionally, we used EIS data to present a profile of health information seekers in Chile.