bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient enzymatic synthesis ofL‐ascorbyl palmitate usingCandida antarcticalipase B‐embedded metal‐organic framework
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Jian , Qi Feng‐Yu , Qi Jia‐Mei , Yang Fei , Shen Jiang‐Wei , Cai Xue , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTheCandida antarcticalipase B (CALB) was embedded in the metal‐organic framework, zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8), and applied in the enzymatic synthesis ofL‐ascorbic acid palmitate (ASP) for the first time. The obtained CALB@ZIF‐8 achieved the enzyme loading of 80 mg g−1with 11.3 U g−1(dry weight) unit activity, 59.8% activity recovery, and 92.7% immobilization yield. Under the optimal condition, ASP was synthesized with over 75.9% conversion ofL‐ascorbic acid in a 10‐batch reaction. Continuous synthesis of ASP was subsequently performed in a packed bed bioreactor with an outstanding average space–time yield of 58.1 g L−1 h−1, which was higher than ever reported continuous ASP biosynthesis reactions.
6‐Gingerol and Semisynthetic 6‐Gingerdione Counteract Oxidative Stress Induced by ROS in Zebrafish
Authors: Manjunathan Tamilvelan , Guru Ajay , Arokiaraj Jesu , Gopinath Pushparathinam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract6‐Gingerol (1) is one of the major components in ginger and developing new synthetic methodologies could bring semisynthetic analogs with improved therapeutic properties. Towards this, multigram scale isolation of 6‐gingerol with excellent purity was optimized using a simple and robust extraction, followed by column purification. Synthesis of 6‐gingerdione, 7 from 6‐gingerol was then achieved through selective –OTBDMS protection, DMP oxidation and deprotection reaction sequence for the first time. Compounds 1, 7 and 8 (dehydrozingerone) exhibited excellent cell‐free antioxidant properties in DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging assay and H2O2 assay at 10–50 μM concentrations. The hemolytic study suggests that up to 50 μM, all three compounds did not exhibit toxicity to human erythrocytes. When H2O2 treated zebrafish larvae groups (96hpf) were exposed to compounds 1, 7 and 8, it increases the SOD (19, 19.1 and 18.7 U/mg protein), CAT (18.1, 16.5, and 15.8 μmol/mg levels and decreases the lipid peroxidation level (13, 15 and 18 nmol/mg protein), respectively. In vivo ROS levels and degree of cell death were studied using DCFDA and Acridine orange assays. Compounds 1, 7 and 8 decreases the ROS and cell death level significantly. Taken together, compounds 1, 7 and 8 exhibit excellent antioxidant properties, counteract H2O2 induced oxidative stress, reduces cell death in zebrafish larvae.
On the possible benefits of deep learning for spectral preprocessing
Authors: Helin Runar , Indahl Ulf Geir , Tomic Oliver , Liland Kristian Hovde 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPreprocessing is a mandatory step in most types of spectroscopy and spectrometry. The choice of preprocessing method depends on the data being analysed, and to get the preprocessing right, domain knowledge or trial and error is required. Given the recent success of deep learning‐based methods in numerous applications and their ability to automatically detect patterns in data, we aimed at exploring the possibilities of using such methods for preprocessing. Our study considered a flexible but systematic investigation of spectroscopic preprocessing methods (classical and deep learning‐based) combined with predictive modelling, including both traditional linear modelling and artificial neural network‐based modelling. The main ambition of the present work was to assess if the advantages of deep learning‐based methods in spectral preprocessing are sufficient to justify the additional efforts in model set‐up and training and the possible losses of interpretability and transparency. With the use of data from different vibrational spectroscopy techniques, we demonstrated that deep learning‐based preprocessing successfully increased the predictive performance of our models but that classical preprocessing still is a good alternative or even the best one in some cases. A significant increase in effort was required when using deep learning‐based preprocessing together with linear model prediction. Compared with classical preprocessing techniques, deep learning‐based preprocessing decreased the transparency and showed only modest improvements of the prediction performance of linear models. Our conclusion is that deep learning‐based preprocessing is best suited when integrated in neural network predictions.
Gender‐related differences in health‐care and economic costs for eating disorders: A comparative cost‐development analysis for anorexia and bulimia nervosa based on anonymized claims data
Authors: Bothe Tim , Walker Jochen , Kröger Christoph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) impose a significant financial burden and immense sufferings on affected individuals. Yet little is known about the differences between how each disorder affects males and females, respectively.MethodWe performed a retrospective cost‐development analysis of anonymized claims data from the German statutory health‐insurance system. Insured persons who suffered from an onset of AN (F50.0; N = 1,242 females and 71 males) or BN (F50.2; N = 1,104 females and 64 males) were analyzed for cost‐of‐illness over a 5‐year period, beginning 2 years before the index diagnosis.ResultsIn total, all groups incurred similar distributions of total costs over the 5‐year observation period, with roughly 14,000–20,000 EUR median costs. About two‐thirds of the total costs for females and males with AN are associated with mental illness, whereas for females and males with BN, this applies to approximately half the total costs. Analyses revealed differences between disorders and genders for single outcomes. AN is associated with a stronger increase in costs within a short period following onset and higher inpatient treatment costs, whereas BN entails more instances of incapacity to work before and after onset. Compared to females, males incurred lower costs in outpatient treatments.DiscussionOur study adds evidence as to the disparities in health‐care utilizations and costs over the course of illness, in outcome ratios, and between genders, for both AN and BN.
Positive body image, intuitive eating, and self‐compassion protect against the onset of the core symptoms of eating disorders: A prospective study
Authors: Linardon Jake 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveEstablishing factors that protect against the onset of eating disorder symptoms is needed to identify critical intervention targets to inform the design of more potent prevention programs. Knowledge of robust protective factors is lacking, which might account for the limited effectiveness of existing prevention programs. As positive body image, intuitive eating, and self‐compassion show protective potential, the present study tested whether these factors protect against the onset of a range of different eating disorder symptoms.MethodData were analyzed from 1,270 women who completed study measures at baseline and 8 months. Logistic regressions tested whether, among initially asymptomatic women, baseline and changes in positive body image components (body appreciation, body image flexibility, and functionality appreciation), intuitive eating, and self‐compassion predicted the continued absence versus onset of seven core eating disorder symptoms at follow‐up.ResultsEach of the five factors at baseline was associated with a lower odds of symptom onset for each outcome in univariate analyses. Baseline body appreciation and intuitive eating scores remained consistent, unique predictors of a lower odds of experiencing symptom onset in multivariate models. Greater increases in intuitive eating and body appreciation over time were the two factors consistently associated with a lower odds of symptom onset across several outcomes.DiscussionThis study provides strong evidence for the protective influence of positive body image components, intuitive eating, and self‐compassion against several eating disorder symptoms. Building these factors within established prevention programs may, in the longer term, help reduce the incidence of eating disorder syndromes and symptoms.
Leaf 13C data constrain the uncertainty of the carbon dynamics of temperate forest ecosystems
Authors: Liu Shaoqing , Zhuang Qianlai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStable carbon isotope discrimination occurred in plant biophysical and biogeochemical processes can help understand plant physiology and soil biogeochemistry with respect to carbon cycling. Here, we incorporated the photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination into a process‐based land surface model (iTEM) to test if stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) can impose additional constraint on model parameters. Sequential data assimilation was implemented at six eddy covariance flux tower sites using carbon flux observations including gross primary productivity (GPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) with and without considering foliar δ13C (δ13Cf) measurement constraints, respectively. Our model‐data fusion showed that δ13Cf can provide useful constraint on photosynthetic (Vcmax25, the maximum rate of carboxylation at 25°C) and stomatal (g1, the slope of stomatal function) parameters as well as the posterior carbon fluxes. When including δ13Cf measurement, g1 spatially varies among the six sites and is significantly correlated with annual precipitation. We incorporated the statistical relationship between g1 and annual precipitation into iTEM, which is then used to quantify the regional carbon dynamic in temperate forest ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere. Compared with the simulation only conditioned on carbon flux observations, regional carbon flux estimations performed slightly better against the FLUXCOM products and the uncertainties of modeled carbon fluxes were reduced by 27%. Our study demonstrated that δ13Cf data constrains carbon flux uncertainties across space.
Natural vegetation cover on private lands: locations and risk of loss in the northwestern United States
Authors: Hansen Andrew J. , Mullan Katrina , Theobald David M. , Powell Scott , Robinson Nathaniel , East Alyson 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough natural habitats are being lost globally, the extent and fate of natural habitats on private lands in the United States have not been quantified at the resolution relevant for conservation planning. Here we provide information on the locations and risk of loss of areas of natural vegetation cover (NVC) on private lands across the northwestern United States to motivate discussion on needs and opportunities to slow their loss. Specific questions were as follows: (1) Where are the remaining areas of NVC on private lands? (2) Which regions and communities have had the highest loss rates of NVC? and (3) In which socioecological settings is NVC at greatest risk of loss? NVC location and change were mapped using two land cover classifications during 2001–2011, the most recent period with available data. Associations between NVC loss and market proximity, demographic, infrastructure, natural amenity, and climate factors were used to model probability of NVC loss in 2011. We found that NVC covered 64% of the study area in 2011. During 2001–2011, 2.5% of the area of NVC in 2001 was converted to development and croplands. Rates of loss were as high as 12% in some regions (e.g., western Washington). Housing development accounted for the majority of this NVC loss, increasing by 8% while croplands increased by 5%. Conversion of NVC for development and crops during 2001–2011 per capita varied 20–40 fold among “city spheres” (urban areas >10,000 people and 40‐min commuting distance). NVC loss was statistically associated with urban fringe development, forest edge vegetation, proximity to highways, public land, and waterbodies and was associated with New West demographic city spheres. Of the NVC on private lands in 2011, 11% was projected to have >20% probability of future loss over the next decade. We conclude that portions of the northwestern United States, one of the last stronghold for extensive natural habitats in the contiguous United States, are rapidly losing NVC to development, particularly in the New West communities that typically have the highest motivation and capacity to conserve them.
Characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 and common cold coronavirus‐specific T‐cell responses in MIS‐C and Kawasaki disease children
Authors: Hsieh Li‐En , Grifoni Alba , Sidney John , Shimizu Chisato , Shike Hiroko , Ramchandar Nanda , Moreno Elizabeth , Tremoulet Adriana H. , Burns Jane C. , Franco Alessandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe immunopathogenesis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS‐C) in children that may follow exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 is incompletely understood. Here, we studied SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells in MIS‐C, Kawasaki disease (KD), and SARS‐CoV‐2 convalescent controls using peptide pools derived from SARS‐CoV‐2 spike or nonspike proteins, and common cold coronaviruses (CCC). Coordinated CD4+ and CD8+ SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells were detected in five MIS‐C subjects with cross‐reactivity to CCC. CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses alone were documented in three and one subjects, respectively. T‐cell specificities in MIS‐C did not correlate with disease severity and were similar to SARS‐CoV‐2 convalescent controls. T‐cell memory and cross‐reactivity to CCC in MIS‐C and SARS‐CoV‐2 convalescent controls were also similar. The chemokine receptor CCR6, but not CCR9, was highly expressed on SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific CD4+ but not on CD8+ T cells. Only two of 10 KD subjects showed a T‐cell response to CCC. Enumeration of myeloid APCs revealed low cell precursors in MIS‐C subjects compared to KD. In summary, children with MIS‐C mount a normal T‐cell response to SARS‐CoV‐2 with no apparent relationship to antecedent CCC exposure. Low numbers of tolerogenic myeloid DCs may impair their anti‐inflammatory response.
Group‐based shame, guilt, and regret across cultures
Authors: de Groot Marlies , Schaafsma Juliette , Castelain Thomas , Malinowska Katarzyna , Mann Liesbeth , Ohtsubo Yohsuke , Wulandari Maria Theresia Asti , Bataineh Ruba Fahmi , Fry Douglas P. , Goudbeek Martijn , Suryani Angela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo date, there has been no systematic examination of cross‐cultural differences in group‐based shame, guilt, and regret following wrongdoing. Using a community sample (N = 1358), we examined people's reported experiences of shame, guilt, and regret following transgressions by themselves and by different identity groups (i.e., family, community, country) in Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, the Netherlands, Poland, and the United States. We assessed whether any variation in this regard can be explained by the relative endorsement of individualistic or collectivistic values at the individual level and at the country level. Our findings suggest that people's reported experience of these emotions mostly depends on the transgression level. We also observe some variation across individuals and countries, which can be partially explained by the endorsement of collectivistic and individualistic values. The results highlight the importance of taking into account individual and cultural values when studying group‐based emotions, as well as the identity groups involved in the transgression.
How did the suspended sediment load change in the North Caucasus during the Anthropocene?
Authors: Tsyplenkov Anatoly , Golosov Valentin , Belyakova Pelagiya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuantifying and understanding catchment sediment fluxes is crucial both from a scientific and environmental management perspective. To deepen the understanding of landuse impacts and climate change on sediment load, we explore factors controlling the suspended sediment load formation in the Northern Caucasus during the Anthropocene. We examine how sediment flux of various river basins with different land‐use/landcover and glacier cover changes during the 1925–2018 period. Our analysis is based on observed mean annual suspended sediment discharges (SSD, kg s−1) and annual fluxes (SSL, t year−1) from 33 gauging stations of The Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Russia).SSLseries have been analysed to detect statistically significant changes during the 1925–2018 period. The occurrence of abrupt change points inSSDwas investigated using cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts. We found thatSSLhas decreased by −1.17% per year on average at most gauges. However, the decline was not linear. Several transition years are expected in the region increasing trends from the 1950s and decreasing trends from 1988 to 1994. Correlation analyses showed that variation inSSLtrend values is mainly explained by gauging station altitude, differences in landuse (i.e. the fraction of cropland), and catchment area. Nonetheless, more accurate quantifications ofSSLtrend values and more refined characterizations of the catchments regarding (historical) landuse, soil types/lithology, weather conditions, and topography may reveal other tendencies.
A case of miliary tuberculosis following transurethral surgery and prostate biopsy after intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guerin immunotherapy
Authors: Kurokawa Yoshiaki , Kawai Taketo , Miyakawa Jimpei , Makise Naohiro , Akiyama Yoshiyuki , Yamada Yuta , Sato Yusuke , Yamada Daisuke , Ushiku Tetsuo , Kume Haruki 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionIntravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guerin immunotherapy is known to prevent recurrence of bladder cancer, but it can cause tuberculosis infections as an adverse event.Case presentationA 75‐year‐old man visited our hospital due to hematuria. The patient was diagnosed with bladder cancer and underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. Postoperatively, the patient received Bacillus Calmette–Guerin immunotherapy. One year later, we performed transurethral surgery and prostate biopsy because of cystoscopic findings showing nodulous lesions in the bladder and an elevated serum prostate‐specific antigen level. The patient presented with high fever and malaise since the surgery. After careful examination, the patient was diagnosed with miliary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. The pathology of the bladder and prostate revealed acid‐fast bacilli collection by Ziehl–Neelsen staining.ConclusionThe surgery exacerbated the local infection into a systemic infection. The risk of developing miliary tuberculosis should be considered at transurethral surgery or prostate biopsy in patients after intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guerin immunotherapy.
Mechanism of subchronic vinyl chloride exposure combined with a high‐fat diet on hepatic steatosis
Authors: Jia Jin , Chen Shi‐qi , Pan Wei‐zhe , Yu Sheng‐nan , Zhao Xiao‐tian , Hao Yan , Shen Yong‐mei , Cheng Ying , Wei Cai‐ling , Tian Feng‐jie , Yan Xiao‐yan , Qiu Yu‐lan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVinyl chloride (VC) is a common industrial organic chlorine and environmental pollutant. In recent years, the dietary structure of residents especially Chinese has gradually shifted to western dietary patterns. VC aggravates dietary fatty acid‐induced hepatic steatosis, but its mechanism is still unclear. And if the risk factors for steatosis persist, more severe diseases such as fibrosis and cirrhosis will occur. Therefore, we studied the effects and mechanisms of VC (160 and 800 mg/m3) and its metabolite (chloroacetaldehyde, 2.25, 4.5, and 9 μM) on hepatic steatosis of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice and palmitic acid (PA, 100 μM) treated HepG2 cells. Liver and serum biochemical indicators and pathological staining of the liver showed that the hepatic steatosis of VC combined with HFD groups was more severe than that of single‐exposure groups (HFD group, low‐dose VC group, and high‐dose VC group). Moreover, VC enhanced HFD‐induced oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and further upregulated the expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1) and FAS. Besides, antioxidants and ERS inhibitors reduced the steatosis of HepG2 cells induced by VC metabolites and PA. These results suggest that VC exposure can enhance the degree of hepatic steatosis in HFD‐fed mice. VC combined with HFD led to OS and ERS and upregulated the expression of de novo lipogenesis‐related proteins, which may be related to the occurrence of hepatic steatosis. And the increased expression of CYP2E1 induced by VC combined with HFD may be the cause of OS.
Assessing current concerns and goals idiographically: A review of the Motivational Structure Questionnaire family of instruments
Authors: Cox W. Miles , Klinger Eric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere have been two kinds of methods for assessing individuals' motivation and their goal‐striving behavior. The idiographic method obtains respondents' individual descriptions of their behavior or inner experiences. The nomothetic approach uses a standardized questionnaire in which respondents select from a set of alternatives. Idiographic responses provide rich, individualized information, but they make comparisons across different individuals difficult. By contrast, the nomothetic approach loses valuable individualized information, but it readily lends itself to cross‐individual comparisons.ObjectiveThe present authors have developed a family of motivational assessment instruments within the framework of the Goal Theory of Current Concerns and individuals' goal pursuits. Each of these instruments is a hybrid version of the idiographic and nomothetic methods. Each one obtains individualized information about each respondent at the start of the assessment, but it then utilizes rating scales that allow comparisons across different individuals to be made. The objective of the present article is to present this family of hybridized instruments for potential use in routine outcome monitoring.MethodThe method used in this article was to review the development of this family of hybrid assessments instruments over the preceding decades and the research on their psychometric properties and clinical applications. These hybrid tools include the Interview Questionnaire, Work Concerns Inventory, Motivational Structure Questionnaire, and Personal Concerns Inventory and their variants. The review includes only the idiographic‐nomothetic approaches that are based on the Goal Theory of Current Concerns.ResultsThe review reveals that for each instrument, motivational indices are calculated, which have been shown to be valid and reliable. Analyses have also revealed adaptive and maladaptive motivational factors.ConclusionsThe measures discussed here have proven useful in clinical applications, when, for example, they are used as components of Systematic Motivational Counseling and the Life Enhancement and Advancement Programme for helping individuals improve their motivational structure. Similarly, the measures hold promise for use in routine outcome monitoring.