bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Plant Specialists in Fine‐Scale Diversity–Area Relationships (DARs) in Southern European Atlantic Coastal Dunes
Authors: Campos Juan Antonio , Liendo Diego , Biurrun Idoia , Torca Marta , García‐Mijangos Itziar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTQuestionsSpecies–area relationships (SARs) have traditionally focused on species richness only. However, other diversity components, such as phylogenetic diversity (phylogenetic diversity–area relationships [PDARs]), can also be measured at different spatial scales, providing a more comprehensive picture of the importance of spatial scale on plant diversity. Here, we focus on coastal dune habitats along the sea‐inland gradient. We ask: (1) do fine‐scale SAR and PDAR patterns change along the dune gradient? (2) is the phylogenetic structure of plant communities scale‐dependent along this gradient? (3) does the rate of increase in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity change along this gradient? (4) do specialist and/or generalist species influence these patterns?LocationAtlantic coast of SW Europe.MethodsA nested‐plot sampling design (0.0001–100 m2) was applied in three dune habitats. Diversity–area relationships were calculated based on taxonomic (TD) and phylogenetic (PD) diversity. Null models were also applied to the latter to partial out the effect of TD on PD (PDSES) and to analyse the phylogenetic structure. Changes in the rate of increase in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity at a fine scale along the dune gradient were analysed by means of z‐values. All analyses were performed for the whole species pool and for the subsets of dune specialists and generalists.ResultsTD and PD increased inland along the dune gradient with a significantly major contribution of specialist species. PDSES mean values in embryo and mobile dunes were positive at all grain sizes, suggesting overdispersion. However, when individual PDSES values were analysed at the different grain sizes, the prevailing phylogenetic structure in these habitats did not deviate from random expectations. In fixed dunes, PDSES suggested a decrease in phylogenetic clustering that was partly confirmed when the individual values of PDSES were analysed at different grain sizes. z‐values for TD and PD increased inland along the dune gradient, while for PDSES these values were close to zero in all three habitats. Again, specialists contributed significantly to the patterns in z‐values.ConclusionsDune specialists played a major role in the observed taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity patterns in Atlantic dune habitats along the sea‐inland gradient, even in fixed dunes where the contribution of generalists was higher. Once the effect of TD on PD was removed, the effect of area on phylogenetic diversity was at most modest in the three dune habitats.
Biology of One of the Most Abundant Mesopelagic Fish in Icelandic and Surrounding Waters: The Krøyer's Lantern Fish Notoscopelus kroyeri (Malm, 1861)
Authors: Matthews Charlotte S. , Kennedy James , Ólafsdóttir Anna H. , Pampoulie Christophe 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMyctophids play an essential role in the marine ecosystem, linking the surface to the mesopelagic layer through diel vertical migration, and contributing to carbon sequestration. However, basic knowledge of their biology and distribution is still limited. Here, we described the length and age distribution, growth and otolith morphometrics for one of the most abundant myctophid fish of the Northeast Atlantic, the Krøyer's lantern fish Notoscopelus kroyeri (Malm, 1861). Individuals were sampled opportunistically by pelagic trawls during the International Ecosystem Summer Survey in the Nordic Seas (IESSNS) conducted in July 2020 and 2021. We provide the length–weight and otolith–fish size relationships and the size distribution for 336 N. kroyeri individuals collected along Iceland's south and west shelf, the Iceland Basin, and the Irminger Sea. Fish were primarily distributed along the Reykjanes Ridge and the continental shelf at depths between 0 and 550 m. Three size groups, corresponding to three different age groups, with individuals from 2 to 9 years old, were detected across sampling areas. We found positive allometric growth during both sampling years. Linear regressions were significant between otolith length, width and area, and fish length and weight, with adjusted r2 values ranging between 0.93 and 0.94. This study provides new information on the biology and distribution of one of the most abundant mesopelagic species in south Icelandic and surrounding waters.
Petrofabrics in the CM chondrite Kolang: Evidence for non‐spherical chondrules in the protoplanetary disk
Authors: Jenkins Laura E. , Lee Martin R. , Daly Luke , King Ashley J. , Floyd Cameron J. , Chung Peter , Griffin Sammy 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe alignment of non‐spherical “flattened” chondrules into a petrofabric is a common feature of hydrated carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. This texture can form as a result of impacts at peak shock pressures exceeding 10 GPa. However, many carbonaceous chondrites with petrofabrics are unshocked. While several processes have been proposed to explain this incongruency, including erasure of shock effects by alteration (both aqueous and thermal), none have yet been confirmed. Kolang is a brecciated Mighei‐like carbonaceous chondrite wherein analysis of chondrule shape and orientation shows that it has a pronounced petrofabric defined by elongate chondrules that is shared between clasts with differing aqueous and thermal alteration histories. Its petrofabric, therefore, must have developed after the altered clasts had been juxtaposed; any sign of shock associated with impact‐driven deformation cannot have been erased. We have investigated the shock experienced by Kolang with a combination of traditional optical methods and electron backscatter diffraction. We find that the peak shock pressure experienced by Kolang was likely ~4–5 GPa, too low to generate an impact‐induced petrofabric. Kolang has not experienced sufficient shock, whether by a single or multiple impacts, to deform its chondrules from spheres into elongate chondrules. The most likely explanation, therefore, is that Kolang accreted elongate chondrules that were aligned under relatively low pressure.
Pedagogies of discomfort and disruption: A meta‐narrative review of emotions and equity‐related pedagogy
Authors: Sukhera Javeed , Atkinson Tess , Hendrikx Shawn , Kennedy Erin , Panza Michael , Rodger Susan , Watling Chris 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionDiscussions about equity in professional education can evoke a range of complex emotions. Approaches to emotionally challenging pedagogies may vary across professions. Comparative explorations of these approaches may yield fresh insights that could enhance our teaching and learning strategies within health professions education. Therefore, the authors sought to explore how the professional contexts of medicine, nursing and teacher education approach the role of emotions in equity‐related pedagogy.MethodsA meta‐narrative approach was utilised to synthesise existing research on the relationship between emotions and equity‐related pedagogy in three different professions. Six databases were searched using key terms yielding 3102 titles. After screening, 58 articles were selected for extraction. Through coding and analysis, the authors sought to gain a deeper understanding of why emotions are relevant to equity‐related pedagogy in each profession, and how each profession grapples with emotional dissonance.ResultsThere were both contrasting and complimentary meta‐narratives about emotions and equity‐related learning in medicine, nursing and teacher education. All three professions viewed emotions as relevant and essential for equity‐related learning. Medicine and nursing sought to make emotions accessible and explicit, while foregrounding the need for learners to build skills to understand and address emotions such as critical reflection and dialogue. Meta‐narratives in teacher education were similar to medicine and nursing; however, teacher education further emphasised the role of emotions in fostering community, trust and empathy.DiscussionExisting meta‐narratives regarding emotions and equity‐related pedagogy in health professions suggest that medicine and nursing have acknowledged the intrinsic role that emotions play in equity‐related learning yet lag behind teacher education in considering the role of emotions as a socio‐cultural connector and mediator.
The Prophet's sandals and image‐relics: Tracing a symbol
Authors: Piscatori James 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article explores a revered relic of the Prophet Muḥammad and the ways in which its symbol was established and has evolved in the Sunni world. Four dimensions explain the symbolic power of his sandals. First, the symbol is normativised as a sign of the Prophet and his spiritual grace. Second, it is further validated through iterated though inexact histories. Third, as representations of the sandals have spread widely in the Muslim world, symbolic meanings have been shaped by differing denominational views of their devotional value. Finally, commodification has seemingly rendered the symbol less managed and more popular.
Combating plant diseases through transition metal allocation
Authors: De Aishee , Hoang Cuong V. , Escudero Viviana , Armas Alejandro M. , Echavarri‐Erasun Carlos , González‐Guerrero Manuel , Jordá Lucía 
Published: December 2024

SummaryUnderstanding how plants fend‐off invading microbes is essential for food security and the economy of large parts of the world. Consequently, a sustained and dedicated effort has been directed at unveiling how plants protect themselves from invading microbes. Major defense hormone signaling pathways have been characterized, the identity of many immune response‐triggering molecules as well as many of their receptors have been determined, and the mechanisms of pathogen‐host arms race are being studied. In recent years, evidence for a new layer of plant innate immunity involving transition metals has been brought forward. This would link plant metal nutrition with plant immune responses and open up possible new strategies for pathogen control involving metal fertilizers instead of pesticides. In this review, we outline our current understanding of metal‐mediated plant immune response and indicate the future avenues of exploration of this topic.
In Vitro Comparison of the Effectiveness of Different Attachment Shapes and Locations on Extrusion of the Upper Left Lateral Incisor Using Thermoplastic Aligners
Authors: Bojrab Alexandra , Akbari Amin , Broyles Dustin , Magura Janine , Lear Megann , Eckert George , Chen Jie , Turkkahraman Hakan , Conley R. Scott 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different attachment shapes and locations on the extrusion of the upper left lateral incisor (UL2) using thermoplastic aligners.Materials and MethodsSeven typodonts were digitally printed with hemi‐ellipsoid or rectangular attachments in the incisal, middle or cervical third of the UL2. Five clear aligners were fabricated for each typodont; each was tested twice. Forces and moments were measured with an orthodontic force tester during 0.2 mm simulated extrusion of the UL2. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effects of group, tooth, and the group‐by‐tooth interaction on the outcomes. A two‐sided 5% significance level was used for all tests.ResultsAltering attachment shape and location had a statistically significant effect on the forces and moments generated in each trial (p < 0.01), except for rectangular incisal and hemi‐ellipsoid cervical (p > 0.05). The rectangular middle attachment generated the highest extrusive force (Fz = 7.498 N), followed by hemi‐ellipsoid cervical (Fz = 6.338 N) and rectangular incisal (Fz = 5.948 N).ConclusionsVarying direct attachment shape and location on the UL2 during extrusion has a significant effect on the forces and moments generated by thermoplastic aligners. The rectangular attachment located in the middle third generated the most effective extrusive force and least unwanted moment. For anchorage teeth, hemi‐ellipsoid attachments located in the cervical third were found to be the most effective in minimising the reciprocal intrusive forces and unwanted moments.
Ästhetik der Subjektivierung zwischen (post)kolonialer Unterwerfung und postmigrantischer Widerständigkeit
Authors: Rutka Anna 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungIn Anlehnung an zeitgenössische Ansätze der Subjektivierungsforschung fokussiert der Beitrag Aspekte der Iteration und Sinnverschiebung als Strategien der Subjektivierung im autobiographisch geprägten Erzähltext Härtere Tage der Afro‐Deutschen Autorin Sharon Dodua Otoo. Mit Versatzstücken verschiedener Gattungen, narrativer Selbstobjektivierung und intertextuellen Bezügen auf Ingeborg Bachmanns Lyrik und Elie Wiesels Roman Die Nacht wird die von Widersprüchen belastete Eigenverortung ästhetisch erarbeitet. Otoos Härtere Tage verzichtet auf Eindeutigkeiten und Abgrenzungen, lässt dagegen Paradoxien und Mehrdeutigkeiten zu, knüpft an engagiert‐kritische, feministische Literatur (Bachmann) an und eröffnet damit den Blick auf widerständige Positionierung(en) der Afro‐Deutschen Literatur.
I just need a little support: Marital support and strain link to A1C for people with diabetes
Authors: Roberson Patricia N. E. , Woods Sarah B. , Mitchell Erica , Tasman Jordan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMarital quality factors (i.e., support and strain) are associated with hemoglobin A1C (A1C) for people with diabetes. However, how these marital factors might be linked to A1C, in combination, is unclear. This study uses Midlife in the United States Biomarker Project data to examine independent and moderated associations between marital strain and marital support and A1C for individuals with diabetes mellitus (N = 136). Marital strain and support interact in their association with A1C (B = −0.24, standard error [SE] = 0.11, p < .05). Simple slope analysis indicates marital strain is linked to higher A1C, but only in the context of low marital support (B = 0.63, SE = 0.29, p = .03). Meaning, the presence of moderate levels of marital support may buffer against the problematic association between marital strain and worse A1C. This may suggest interventions for individuals with diabetes to include marital partners, but harnessing and improving support in existing marital relationships may be an important target for future family‐based diabetes management interventions.
The Asian American experience in the federal workforce: How employees navigate the complexities of racialization
Authors: Northcott Emma , Pandey Sheela , Pandey Sanjay K. , Strader Eiko 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Asian American experience in the federal workforce remains poorly understood. This qualitative study, based on interviews with 41 Asian American federal workers, examines how this heterogeneous minority group experiences racialization in the U.S. federal government. The analysis of interview data revealed five aggregate dimensions that shape the experiences of Asian American federal employees: (1) racial identity formation, (2) racialization at work, (3) aspects of the federal government context such as organizational culture and practices, (4) individual strategies to overcome constraints, and (5) awareness of the political climate and social ties outside the work context. By probing how Asian American employees experience racialization and the strategies they adopt in response, this study contributes to a small but growing literature on inclusion and racialization processes beyond the Black‐White binary in the U.S. public sector.
Political Competition and the Strategic Adoption of Free Trade Agreements
Authors: Ornelas Emanuel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTI study how political competition affects the feasibility of free trade agreements (FTAs). I show that the possibility of political turnover creates strategic motivations for the formation of FTAs. Specifically, a government facing a high enough probability of losing power will have an incentive to form a trading bloc to “tie the hands” of its successor. This incentive mitigates inefficiencies in the incumbent's decision to form FTAs, regardless of its bias toward special interests. An FTA can affect the likelihood of political turnover as well. Accounting for that effect, I show that an incumbent party with a known bias toward special interests could seek an FTA as a commitment device toward less distortionary policies, thereby enhancing its own electoral prospects. Overall, the analysis reveals the importance of considering the time horizon of policymakers when studying their decision to enter in FTAs.
Intergroup Contact Versus Competitive Threat: Does Immigration Change Immigration Votes? Evidence From Switzerland Using Objective Municipality‐Level Panel Data From 2010 to 2020
Authors: Mader Sebastian , Kuhn Sarah , Grossrieder Matthias 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveGordon Allport's intergroup contact hypothesis and Herbert Blumer's competitive threat hypothesis have attracted a lot of attention in the social sciences and have influenced integration policies around the world. A valuable study within this field is of Brunner and Kuhn. Brunner and Kuhn investigated the causal effect of immigration on natives’ attitudes toward immigrants in Switzerland using objective municipality‐level panel data between 1970 and 2010 following an instrumental variable approach. In this article, we conceptually replicate and update the study of Brunner and Kuhn addressing two analytical limitations.MethodsWe use annual Swiss municipality‐level panel data on the culturally similar and culturally different immigrant share as well as the results of national votes on immigration policies from 2010 to 2020 applying fixed effects with individual slopes panel regression models.Results and conclusionOur analysis confirms the notion that cultural competitive threat may be at work for culturally different migrants in Switzerland. Additionally, intergroup contact seems to foster immigration‐friendly attitudes.
Political Regimes, Religious Dominance, and Economic Preferences: Insights from the World Values Survey and Global State of Democracy Indices
Authors: Jadhav Vivek 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis research explores how political regimes, individual incomes, and religious dominance influence societies' attitudes toward freedom, equality, and income inequality. This work applies an empirical framework on political regimes and socio‐religious contexts to study the impacts of political regimes and socioeconomic variables on individual beliefs about freedom, equality, and income inequality.MethodsUtilizing data from the World Values Survey (WVS) along with the Global State of Democracy (GSoD) indices, the study employs a two‐stage regression model to control for issues of endogeneity. This approach helps to understand differences in preferences for freedom and equality under democratic, authoritarian, and hybrid regimes, along with the influence of income and religious dominance.FindingsThe results show that democratic regimes prioritize equality, especially among the poor and members of non‐dominant religious groups. Under authoritarian regimes, however, high‐income populations tend to favour freedom. Hybrid regimes exhibit varied tendencies, with both income status and religious dominance significantly influencing perceptions of equality.ConclusionThis research contributes to understanding how political, economic, and religious factors shape societal preferences. The results provide insights into the complex interplay between governance, socioeconomic conditions, and individual preferences.
Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and planting density on bacterial communities in Northwest China's mine areas
Authors: Wang Xiao , Bi Yinli , Zhou Yang , Xiao Linfei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResearch into the effects of plantations, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and their interplay on soil microbial communities has emerged as a pivotal focus in the restoration of mining areas. This study investigated how AMF inoculation, plantation density and their interaction shaped bacterial communities in a mining region in Northwest China. A field experiment was conducted with three plantation densities, both with and without AMF inoculation. Soil physicochemical properties, understory vegetation composition, extracellular enzyme activities, as well as soil bacterial and functional communities, were comprehensively analysed. The two‐way ANOVA results revealed significant influences of plantation density and AMF inoculation on the understory vegetation community, soil properties, bacterial communities, and their functional traits (p < .05). Higher planting densities and increased AMF biomass notably elevated soil carbon and nitrogen levels, litter inputs and the clay and silt content of the soil (p < .05). Across all samples, phosphorus limitation was evident in soil microbial activity, as indicated by a vector angle exceeding 45°. Mantel analysis further identified soil carbon and phosphorus as key determinants shaping bacterial communities (Mantel's p < .05). Importantly, AMF inoculation exerted a more pronounced impact on bacterial functional traits compared to plantation density (p < .05). In addition, the intermediate planting density in inoculated treatments yielded the highest available phosphorus, microbial biomass phosphorus and understory vegetation biomass, as well as the lowest microbial phosphorus limitation. Therefore, our study, which provided a comprehensive analysis of the influence of planting density and AMF inoculation on soil and bacterial communities, recommended intermediate planting density and AMF inoculation for optimal results.
Influence of skin preparation on surgical site infection and lift of adhesive surgical drapes
Authors: Gant James W. , Collins Josh E. , Miller Zachary A. , Einsporn Richard L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence on surgical site infection (SSI) rates when using 0.7% iodophor and 74% isopropyl alcohol versus 2% chlorhexidine and 70% isopropyl alcohol. To evaluate the adherence of an iodophor‐impregnated surgical incise drape when used in conjunction with 0.7% iodophor and 74% isopropyl alcohol.Study designCombines retrospective control and prospective data.Sample populationThis study included dogs and cats, 653 retrospective cases and 435 prospective cases, with 447 incisions.MethodsThe SSI rate of a 2% chlorhexidine and 70% isopropyl alcohol preparation was retrospectively reviewed. The prospective population received 0.7% iodophor and 74% isopropyl alcohol; risk factors for SSI were evaluated and incise drape lift was documented.ResultsA 1.8% difference in SSI between the chlorhexidine group and 0.7% iodophor and 74% isopropyl alcohol group was found (p = .25). The drape lift was 13.2%. Drape lift (p = .026), increased body weight (p = .008), and the use of glutaraldehyde for instrument sterilization (p = .055) were associated with an increased risk of SSI development.ConclusionThe 0.7% iodophor and 74% isopropyl alcohol treatments demonstrated similar effectiveness to 2% chlorhexidine and 70% isopropyl alcohol in skin preparation. Using an iodophor‐impregnated drape with 0.7% iodophor and 74% isopropyl alcohol reduced both drape lift and the risk of SSI.Clinical significanceThese findings support the combined use of an incise drape with 0.7% iodophor and 74% isopropyl alcohol preparation, provide evidence against the use of glutaraldehyde, and indicate that heavier patients have an increased risk of SSI.