bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal or component reversal of local geomagnetic field affects foraging orientation preference in migratory insect brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Zhang Yingchao , Pan Weidong 
Published: October 2021

Background
Migratory brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (N. lugens) annually migrates to Northeast Asia in spring and returns to Southeast Asia in autumn. However, mechanisms for orientation and navigation during their flight remain largely unknown. The geomagnetic field (GMF) is an important source of directional information for animals (including N. lugens), yet the magnetic compass involved has not been fully identified.

Methods
Here we assessed the influences of GMF on the foraging orientation preference of N. lugens by removing or component reversal of local GMF. At the same time, we examined the role of iron-sulfur cluster assembly1 (IscA1), a putative component of magnetoreceptor, in the foraging orientation preference of N. lugens under the controlled magnetic fields by RNA silencing (RNAi).

Results
We found that the near-zero magnetic field (NZMF) or vertical reversal of GMF could lead to N. lugens losing the foraging orientation preference, suggesting that a normal level of GMF, in the way of either intensity or inclination, was essential for the foraging orientation of N. lugens. Moreover, the gene knockdown of IscA1, also affected the foraging orientation preference of N. lugens, pointing out a potential role of IscA1 in the insects’ sensing of variation in the GMF.

Discussion
These results suggested a foraging orientation preference is associated with the GMF and revealed new insights into the relationship between the IscA1 and magnetosensitivity mechanism in N. lugens.
Phytochemical Screening and Wound Healing Activity of Different Leaf Extracts of Rhynchosia rothii in Rats
Authors: Tayade Sharad D. , Silawat Narendra 
Published: October 2021

Aims: The aim of the present work to perform phytochemical screening and wound healing activity of different leaf extract of Rhynchosia rothii.
Place and Duration of the Study: The present work has been carried out at Oriental University, Indore between the duration of November-2020 to January-2021.
Methodology: Rhynchosia rothii dried leaf powder was subjected to continuous extraction with a soxhlet extractor using various organic solvents. Preliminary phytochemical screening with various qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Tannins, Flavonoids, proteins, and mucilage present in Rhynchosia rothii leaf extracts. Wister rats of both sexes weighing 150-200 g were used for experimental purposes. The animals were kept in polypropylene cages at room temperature and with a light/dark cycle of 12:12 hours. All the test extracts at a different dose level and standard were administered topically once daily from day 0 to the day of complete healing or the 21st postoperative day, whichever occurred earlier.
Results: A significant increase in wound healing activity was observed in animals treated with alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Rhynchosia rothii leaves at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, compared to control treatments. Both methanolic and standard extracts of Rhynchosia rothii (200 mg/kg body weight) showed a dose-dependent increase in the rate of wound contraction. The methanolic extract of Rhynchosia rothii at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight showed an increase in the percentage of wound contraction from 40.08% to 88.90% from day 3 to 12. The aqueous (standard) extract of Rhynchosia rothii at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight showed an increase in the percentage of wound contraction from 46.02% to 100% from day 3 to 12.
Conclusion: From the previous results it was concluded that the Wound represents a serious health problem, both in terms of morbidity and mortality. Wound healing is a critical response to tissue integrity. Therefore, the wound healing property of Rhynchosia rothii can be attributed to the phytoconstituents present in it, which may be due to its individual or additive effect that accelerates the wound healing process. Since Rhynchosia rothii is grown in abundance in India and rest of other part of world, it could be a fairly good and easily available therapeutic agent due to its naturally occurring tendency for healing wounds as a healer, as well as controlling abnormal healing.
Oral Formulation of Anticancer Agents for Colon Cancer
Authors: Patel Dipti , Patel Krishna 
Published: October 2021

Aims/Objective: To develop and estimate enteric-coated capsules containing mucoadhesive Microspheres of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin to treat Colon cancer.
Study Design: Box Behnken.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, between 2017 to 2021.
Methodology: Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin are used as antineoplastic agents and can be delivered via the oral route of administration. For the estimation of drugs Analytical method has been developed by HPLC. Box Behnken design has been used to optimize Drug: polymer ratio (1:2), Inlet temperature 170ºC, and crosslinking agent with a 0.5 ml 1% Gluteraldehyde solution.
The microspheres were successfully prepared by using the spray drying technique and evaluated.
Results: The results of optimized Capecitabine microspheres were obtained as Particle size 87.91 µm ± 0.274,% yield 57.21± 1.5,% Mucoadhesion 57.21± 1.5,% entrapment efficiency 82.16± 0.725. The results of optimized Oxaliplatin microspheres were obtained as Particle size 99.88µm±0.034,% yield 56.0± 0.088,% Mucoadhesion 87.0± 0.80,% entrapment efficiency 82.61±0.085. The drug content of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin in the filled capsule was 94.67% ±0.32 and 93.45%±0.712, respectively. % Drug release of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin in Phosphate buffer pH 7.4 was found to be 94.83±0.22 and 96.94±0.11 respectively after 8 hrs. Stability study at 400C±20C / 75 ± 5 % RH revealed that there was no significant change in disintegration time, drug content and % CDR during 6 months. So, prepared formulation was stable during stability study. MTT assay has been performed on the formulation of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin microspheres for assessing the % viability of both the drugs on the Caco-2 cell line.
Conclusion: The present study confirmed that prepared mucoadhesive microspheres filled with enteric-coated capsules have an antitumor effect on colon cancer cells. The formulation induced high cell death within 48 hours, and less cell viability was obtained compared to API. Six months accelerated Stability study indicates that formulation is fairly stable at storage conditions.
Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Rheumatic Diseases: Prevention and Rehabilitation in Modern Conditions
Authors: Mutalimov Ragif Kalimovich , Kravtsova Karina Valeryevna , Bairamkulova Amina Magometovna , Bairamkulova Sherifat Magometovna , Voynova Alena Olegovna , Goncharov Vitaly V. 
Published: October 2021

The article examines approaches to the prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and rheumatic diseases, as well as to the rehabilitation of such patients. It is this type of disease that has a negative impact on the quality of life of most people, since it not only makes it difficult for them to move in space, but also worsens the general state of health due to pain, which may manifest to a greater or lesser extent.
Treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system is a rather long-term process, for this reason, the prevention of such diseases seems very relevant, since it not only allows the patient to avoid prolonged pain, but also reduces the financial burden in the field of insurance medicine, since the need for expensive medical and physiotherapy treatment for such patients is eliminated. Rehabilitation of patients with this diagnosis also makes it possible to reduce the time to restore their health and return to a full life.
Accordingly, the tasks set in the work meet the requirements of today and will contribute to improving the effectiveness of preventive measures for patients suffering from diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
Knowledge and Practice of Breast Cancer and Its Screening Methods among Girls Attending an Engineering College in Ahmednagar
Authors: Autade Yogita , Chauhan Grishma 
Published: October 2021

The rising incidence rate of breast cancer at a younger age is an alarming sign that future mothers will need to be empowered to recognise breast cancer warning symptoms at an early stage.
Aim and Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice breast cancer and its screening methods, to determine the relationship between knowledge and practice, and its association with demographic variables among engineering girls.
Method: Quantitative research approach with cross sectional study conducted at engineering College of Ahmednagar, 100 engineering girls of various branches participated in the study. Responses were recorded on a pretested questionnaire and self-reported practices through online mode and participants were agreed to participate in the study. Knowledge aspects consisted general information of breast cancer, risk factors and signs and symptoms, whereas self-reported practice for breast self-examination, clinical breast examination and mammography. Data was analysed with mean, SD, Chi Square test and Karl Pearson Co-efficient correlation.
Result: Mean age of participants was 21 years. Maximum girls from 34% Information and Technology and 25% Electronics and Telecommunication. Maximum engineering girls had good 62% to average 22% and 16 % poor knowledge. Majority 63% had poor and 36 % average breast cancer screening practices measures. Poor practices for breast self-examination followed by clinical breast examination and mammography. Knowledge was directly associated with education of mothers and Source of information is associated with practises with a significance level of p < 0.05. Knowledge and practises had a positive correlation of “r” =.270.
Conclusion: engineering girls had average knowledge and poor practices of breast cancer screening measures. Knowledge was directly associated with education of mothers and source of information were significantly associated with practices. Future mothers should be empowered through hands on training for breast self-examination and enhanced BSE and CBE will help for early detection for breast cancer among younger girls in future.
Spiralling into Perfection: Staging the Choreography of Portability
Authors: Davis Adam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhat is important is to understand and circumvent the many parameters that determine the success of a touring show. These can include modularity, ergonomics, language of assemblers and expedient durability amongst many other issues. Adam Davis is Chief Creative Officer of TAIT – the architectural engineering and software company that has worked with everyone from Elton John to Beyoncé and U2. He explains TAIT's ‘design spiral’ approach and the benefits of collaborative creative processes.
Designing Places for Making Memories: Immersive Audience Experiences for Live Music Performance
Authors: Kronenberg Robert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith his long‐established interest in transient architecture, architect and academic Robert Kronenburg has been a longstanding friend of the STUFISH organisation. Here he probes the notion of ‘reminiscence bumps’, many of which are conditioned by music, concerts and shows and our experience of them. These bumps help make us into the individuals that we are and act as touchstones in our memories that traverse time.
An Organic/Inorganic Composite Gel Electrolyte Inducing Uniformly Lithium Deposition at High Current Density and Capacity
Authors: Li Xue , An Xufei , Li Yuhang , Chen Likun , Guo Shaoke , Wang Ruikang , Huang Ling , Li Song , He Yan‐Bing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have attracted tremendous attention for lithium metal batteries due to their high ionic conductivity, high safety, and excellent adaptability, it is still challenging to suppress the uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth for GPEs. Here, an organic/inorganic composite gel electrolyte (PPPL) as GPEs is proposed, which is formed by ring‐opening polymerization reaction of poly(methyl vinyl ether‐alt‐maleic anhydride) (PMVE‐MA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in polymer matrix of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) embedded with Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) particles. The PMVE‐MA participates in the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and the PEG greatly improves the flexibility of PPPL. The PPPL exhibits excellent performance in terms of a wide electrochemical window (4.7 V), high lithium transference number (0.59), and satisfactory mechanical strength (11 MPa). Besides, the PPPL contributes to the formation of stable and flexible SEI containing organic components and LiF on lithium metal, and constructs fast and uniform lithium transport channels to effectively suppress the lithium dendrite growth. The Li/PPPL/Li symmetric batteries can stably cycle 800 h at the high current density of 5 mA cm–2 and capacity of 5 mAh cm–2. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the PPPL will provide important insights for design of advanced GPEs.
Using natural language processing to compare task‐specific verbal cues in coached versus noncoached cardiac arrest teams during simulated pediatrics resuscitation
Authors: Jones Kai A. , Jani Karan H. , Jones Glenn W. , Nye Megan L. , Duff Jonathan P. , Cheng Adam , Lin Yiqun , Davidson Jennifer , Chatfield Jenny , Tofil Nancy , Gaither Stacy , Kessler David O. ,   for the International Network of Simulation‐based Pediatric Innovation, Research, Education (INSPIRE) CPR Investigators
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesCoaches improve cardiopulmonary (CPR) outcomes in real‐world and simulated settings. To explore verbal feedback that targets CPR quality, we used natural language processing (NLP) methodologies on transcripts from a published pediatric randomized trial (coach vs. no coach in simulated CPR). Study objectives included determining any differences by trial arm in (1) overall communication and (2) metrics over minutes of CPR and (3) exploring overall frequencies and temporal patterns according to degrees of CPR excellence.MethodsA human‐generated transcription service produced 40 team transcripts. Automated text search with manual review assigned semantic category; word count; and presence of verbal cues for general CPR, compression depth or rate, or positive feedback to transcript utterances. Resulting cue counts per minute (CPM) were corresponded to CPR quality based on compression rate and depth per minute. CPMs were compared across trial arms and over the 18 min of CPR. Adaptation to excellence was analyzed across four patterns of CPR excellence determined by k‐shape methods.ResultsOverall coached teams experienced more rate‐directive, depth‐directive, and positive verbal cues compared with noncoached teams. The frequency of coaches' depth cues changed over minutes of CPR, indicating adaptation. In coached teams, the number of depth‐directive cues differed among the four patterns of CPR excellence. Noncoached teams experienced fewer utterances by type, with no adaptation over time or to CPR performance.ConclusionNLP extracted verbal metrics and their patterns in resuscitation sessions provides insight into communication patterns and skills used by CPR coaches and other team members. This could help to further optimize CPR training, feedback, excellence, and outcomes.
Bone volume in the distal calcaneus correlates with body size but not leap frequency in galagids
Authors: Lewton Kristi L. , Cardenas Emily‐Elizabeth , Cruz Daniela , Morales Jocelyn , Patel Biren A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesPrimate leap performance varies with body size, where performance will be optimized in lightweight individuals due to the inverse relationship between force generation and body mass. With all other factors equal, it is less energetically costly to swing a light hindlimb than a heavier hindlimb. Previous work on the calcaneus of galagids hypothesized that bone volume in leaping galagids may be minimized to decrease overall hindlimb mass. We predict that (1) lighter taxa will exhibit relatively less calcaneal bone volume than heavier taxa, and (2) taxa that are high‐frequency leapers will exhibit relatively less bone volume than lower frequency leapers.Materials and MethodsRelationships among bone volume, body size, and leap frequency (high vs. low) were examined in a sample of 51 individuals from four genera of galagids (Euoticus, Galago, Galagoides, and Otolemur) that differ in the percentage of time engaged in leaping locomotion. Using μCT scans of calcanei, we quantified relative bone volume (BV/TV) of the distal calcaneal segment and predicted that it would vary with body size and frequency of leaping locomotion.ResultsPhylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) regression models indicate that body size, but not leaping frequency, affects BV/TV in the distal calcaneus. Relative bone volume increases with body size, supporting our first hypothesis.DiscussionThese results support previous work demonstrating a positive correlation between BV/TV and body size. With some exceptions, small galagids tend to have less BV/TV than larger galagids. Leaping frequency does not relate to BV/TV in this sample; larger taxonomic and/or behavioral sampling may provide additional insights.
BRD4 in physiology and pathology: ‘‘BET’’ on its partners
Authors: Liang Yin , Tian Jieyi , Wu Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBromodomain‐containing 4 (BRD4), a member of Bromo and Extra‐Terminal (BET) family, recognizes acetylated histones and is of importance in transcription, replication, and DNA repair. It also binds non‐histone proteins, DNA and RNA, contributing to development, tissue growth, and various physiological processes. Additionally, BRD4 has been implicated in driving diverse diseases, ranging from cancer, viral infection, inflammation to neurological disorders. Inhibiting its functions with BET inhibitors (BETis) suppresses the progression of several types of cancer, creating an impetus for translating these chemicals to the clinic. The diverse roles of BRD4 are largely dependent on its interaction partners in different contexts. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms of BRD4 with its interacting partners in physiology and pathology. Current development of BETis is also summarized. Further understanding the functions of BRD4 and its partners will facilitate resolving the liabilities of present BETis and accelerate their clinical translation.
Demonstrating core molecular biology principles using GST‐GFP in a semester‐long laboratory course
Authors: Verity Nicole , Ulm Brittany , Pham Katrina , Evangelista Baggio , Borgon Robert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUndergraduate laboratory courses are essential to teaching core principles in STEM. This course, Quantitative Biological Methods, provides a unique approach to teaching molecular biology research techniques to students, in a laboratory that is delivered in a sequence that parallels standard biomedical research laboratory protocols. Students attend a lecture where they are taught the essential principles of biomedical research, and a lab where they learn to use laboratory equipment, perform experiments, and purify and quantify DNA and proteins. The course begins with an introduction to laboratory safety, pipetting, centrifugation, spectrophotometry, and other basic laboratory techniques. Next, the lab focuses on the purification and analysis of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) from an Escherichia coli lysate. Students study this GST‐GFP fusion protein and perform protein quantification, enzyme assays, chromatography, fluorescent detection, normalization, SDS‐PAGE, and western blotting. Students then learn recombinant DNA technology using the GST‐GFP vector that was the source of the fusion protein in the prior labs, and perform ligation, transformation of E. coli cells, blue/white screening, DNA purification via a miniprep, PCR, DNA quantification, restriction enzyme digestion, and agarose gel electrophoresis. Students write laboratory reports to demonstrate an understanding of the principles of the laboratory methods, and they must present and critically analyze their data. The lab methods described herein aim to emphasize the core molecular biology principles and techniques, prepare students for work in a biomedical research laboratory, and introduce students to both GST and GFP, two versatile laboratory proteins.
Are microfinance institutions' financial performance gender driven? Evidence from Argentina
Authors: Díaz‐Martín Sara , Feria‐Dominguez José Manuel , Naranjo‐Gil David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the determinants of financial performance (return on assets, ROA) of 18 Argentine Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) from 2002 to 2018. We apply the random forest algorithm to predict the ROA of the Argentine MFIs, introducing two social variables to capture the depth of the outreach such as the female ratio and the average size of the loan portfolio divided by the GDP per capita. We also consider five other main explanatory variables, such as the size, efficiency, quality of loan portfolio, solvency, and productivity ratio, as well as macroeconomic variables. Although our results indicate that the quality of the loan portfolio and efficiency are the most important variables in predicting ROA, we find that social variables are also important; in particular, the female ratio, which is the third relevant predictor of ROA. In contrast, macroeconomic variables and the financial crisis turn out to be insignificant in our analysis.
Nitrogenous Sesquiterpenoids from the South China Sea Nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus and Its Possible Sponge‐PreyAcanthella cavernosa: Chiral Separation, Stereochemistry and Chemical Ecology
Authors: Shen Shou‐Mao , Zhang Zai‐Yong , Yao Li‐Gong , Wang Jian‐Rong , Guo Yue‐Wei , Li Xu‐Wen 
Published: October 2021

Comprehensive SummaryA detailed chemical investigation of the South China Sea nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus, as well as its possible sponge‐prey Acanthella cavernosa, led to the isolation of fifteen new nitrogenous sesquiterpenoids, namely ximaocavernosins A−O, including seven cadinanes (1—7), seven spiroaxanes (12—18) and one aromadendrane (19), together with thirteen known related compounds (8—11 and 20—28). Compounds (±)‐1—9 (except for 4 and 6) were further separated by chiral‐phase HPLC to their corresponding unequal enantiomers, respectively. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by a combination of extensive spectroscopic data analysis, quantum mechanical nuclear magnetic resonance (QM‐NMR) methods, Mosher's method, X‐ray diffraction analysis and/or time‐dependent density functional theory/electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT‐ECD) calculation. The commonly existed nitrogenous sesquiterpenoids in these two animals are suggested to be chemical markers for their prey‐predator relationship.