bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management strategy for hematological malignancy patients with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Jiang Li , Wan Qunfang , Ma Hongbing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcute respiratory failure (ARF) is still the major cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission for hematological malignancy (HM) patients although the advance in hematology and supportive care has greatly improved the prognosis. Clinicians have to make decisions whether the HM patients with ARF should be sent to ICU and which ventilation support should be administered. Based on the reported investigations related to management of HM patients with ARF, we propose a selection procedure to manage this population and recommend hematological ICU as the optimal setting to recuse these patients, where hematologists and intensivists can collaborate closely and improve the outcomes. Moreover, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) still has its own place for selected HM patients with ARF who have mild hypoxemia and reversible causes. It is also crucial to monitor the efficacy of NIV closely and switch to invasive mechanical ventilation at appropriate timing when NIV shows no apparent improvement. Otherwise, early IMV should be initiated to HM with ARF who have moderate and severe hypoxemia, adult respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction, and unstable hemodynamic. More studies are needed to elucidate the predictors of ICU mortality and ventilatory mode for HM patients with ARF.
The incubation period of COVID-19: a global meta-analysis of 53 studies and a Chinese observation study of 11 545 patients
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Zhang DongDong , Dang Dejian , Geng Juan , Zhu Peiyu , Yuan Mingzhu , Liang Ruonan , Yang Haiyan , Jin Yuefei , Xie Jing , Chen Shuaiyin , Duan Guangcai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The incubation period is a crucial index of epidemiology in understanding the spread of the emerging Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to describe the incubation period of COVID-19 globally and in the mainland of China.

Methods
The searched studies were published from December 1, 2019 to May 26, 2021 in CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Embase databases. A random-effect model was used to pool the mean incubation period. Meta-regression was used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Meanwhile, we collected 11 545 patients in the mainland of China outside Hubei from January 19, 2020 to September 21, 2020. The incubation period fitted with the Log-normal model by the coarseDataTools package.

Results
A total of 3235 articles were searched, 53 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean incubation period of COVID-19 was 6.0 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6–6.5) globally, 6.5 days (95% CI 6.1–6.9) in the mainland of China, and 4.6 days (95% CI 4.1–5.1) outside the mainland of China (P = 0.006). The incubation period varied with age (P = 0.005). Meanwhile, in 11 545 patients, the mean incubation period was 7.1 days (95% CI 7.0–7.2), which was similar to the finding in our meta-analysis.

Conclusions
For COVID-19, the mean incubation period was 6.0 days globally but near 7.0 days in the mainland of China, which will help identify the time of infection and make disease control decisions. Furthermore, attention should also be paid to the region- or age-specific incubation period.

Graphic Abstract
A recurrent RYR1 mutation associated with early-onset hypotonia and benign disease course
Authors: Biancalana Valérie , Rendu John , Chaussenot Annabelle , Mecili Helen , Bieth Eric , Fradin Mélanie , Mercier Sandra , Michaud Maud , Nougues Marie-Christine , Pasquier Laurent , Sacconi Sabrina , Romero Norma B. , Marcorelles Pascale , Authier François Jérôme , Gelot Bernabe Antoinette , Uro-Coste Emmanuelle , Cances Claude , Isidor Bertrand , Magot Armelle , Minot-Myhie Marie-Christine , Péréon Yann , Perrier-Boeswillwald Julie , Bretaudeau Gilles , Dondaine Nicolas , Bouzenard Alison , Pizzimenti Mégane , Eymard Bruno , Ferreiro Ana , Laporte Jocelyn , Fauré Julien , Böhm Johann 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ryanodine receptor RyR1 is the main sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channel in skeletal muscle and acts as a connecting link between electrical stimulation and Ca2+-dependent muscle contraction. Abnormal RyR1 activity compromises normal muscle function and results in various human disorders including malignant hyperthermia, central core disease, and centronuclear myopathy. However, RYR1 is one of the largest genes of the human genome and accumulates numerous missense variants of uncertain significance (VUS), precluding an efficient molecular diagnosis for many patients and families. Here we describe a recurrent RYR1 mutation previously classified as VUS, and we provide clinical, histological, and genetic data supporting its pathogenicity. The heterozygous c.12083C>T (p.Ser4028Leu) mutation was found in thirteen patients from nine unrelated congenital myopathy families with consistent clinical presentation, and either segregated with the disease in the dominant families or occurred de novo. The affected individuals essentially manifested neonatal or infancy-onset hypotonia, delayed motor milestones, and a benign disease course differing from classical RYR1-related muscle disorders. Muscle biopsies showed unspecific histological and ultrastructural findings, while RYR1-typical cores and internal nuclei were seen only in single patients. In conclusion, our data evidence the causality of the RYR1 c.12083C>T (p.Ser4028Leu) mutation in the development of an atypical congenital myopathy with gradually improving motor function over the first decades of life, and may direct molecular diagnosis for patients with comparable clinical presentation and unspecific histopathological features on the muscle biopsy.
Assessment of cognitive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Al-Falaki Tara A. , Hamdan Farqad B. , Sheaheed Nawfal M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbout 40–70% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) develop cognitive impairment (CI) throughout their life. We aim to study the influence of MS on cognitive changes. This is a case–control study of fifty patients with MS who met the revised 2017 Mc Donald Criteria and fifty age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used to assess the degree of disability, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scoring system was used to assess cognitive function.ResultsMS patients show low total MoCA score than the controls. Total MoCA scores were lower in patients with CI versus those with intact cognition. CI was higher in those with a longer duration of illness and a high EDSS. MoCA was positively correlated with education level but negatively with EDSS and disease duration.ConclusionMoCA scale has optimal psychometric properties for routine clinical use in patients with MS, even in those with mild functional disability. The longer the disease duration and the higher the EDSS, the lower the MoCA score and the higher the education level, the higher the MoCA score. As for the profile of cognitive dysfunction in patients with MS, the domains most frequently failed by the patients were memory, attention, visuospatial learning, and language.
Performance and reaction of faba bean genotypes to chocolate spot disease
Authors: Abdalla M. M. F. , Shafik M. M. , Saleh Heba A. M. A. , Khater M. A. , Ghazy N. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to development new faba bean hybrids resistant to chocolate spot disease and using them in breeding programs. Six faba bean genotypes were crossed in a diallel system excluding reciprocals during three growing seasons of 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20 growing seasons.

Results
Results scored high variability among genotypes (parents and their crosses) in most studied characters. All characters were affected by inbreeding and most crosses recorded high significant in all characters especially the positive significance of resistance to chocolate spot disease (gain) was 5 for all studied resistance characters.

Conclusions
All studied plant growth and yield characters were affected negatively by chocolate spot disease. Moreover, it can be concluded that the commercial cost of producing hybrid seed can be reduced by growing F1 or directly.
The pharmacological treatment of epilepsy: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Perucca Emilio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe pharmacological armamentarium against epilepsy has expanded considerably over the last three decades, and currently includes over 30 different antiseizure medications. Despite this large armamentarium, about one third of people with epilepsy fail to achieve sustained seizure freedom with currently available medications. This sobering fact, however, is mitigated by evidence that clinical outcomes for many people with epilepsy have improved over the years. In particular, physicians now have unprecedented opportunities to tailor treatment choices to the characteristics of the individual, in order to maximize efficacy and tolerability. The present article discusses advances in the drug treatment of epilepsy in the last 5 years, focusing in particular on comparative effectiveness trials of second-generation drugs, the introduction of new pharmaceutical formulations for emergency use, and the results achieved with the newest medications. The article also includes a discussion of potential future developments, including those derived from advances in information technology, the development of novel precision treatments, the introduction of disease modifying agents, and the discovery of biomarkers to facilitate conduction of clinical trials as well as routine clinical management.
Analytic and numeric analysis for deformation of non-prismatic beams resting on elastic foundations
Authors: Elshabrawy Mohamed , Abdeen Mostafa Ahmed , Beshir Salah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The buckling load as well as the natural frequency under axial load for non-prismatic beam is a changeling problem. Determination of buckling load, natural frequency, and elastic deflection is very important in civil applications. The current paper used both perturbation method (PM), analytic method, and differential quadrature method (DQM), numerical method, to find buckling load and natural frequency with different end supports. The deflection of the beam resting on an elastic foundation under transverse distributed and axial loads is also obtained. Both PM and DQM are used for non-prismatic beams with rectangular and circular cross sections in the vibration analysis. The comparisons of results obtained from both PM and DQM showed perfect agreement with analytical solution for uniform beams with different end supports. The PM and DQM succeeded powerfully for investigating the buckling load as well as the natural frequency for non-prismatic beam.

Results
The percentage of relative error between DQM and PM doesn’t exceed than 5% if the gradient of rectangular section height and the gradient of circular section radius are less than 0.6. As the gradient of height and radius increase, the maximum deflection decreases and the location of maximum deflection displaced toward the smaller moment of inertia.

Conclusions
The PM has not been used for solving the problem of non-prismatic beams resting on elastic foundations subjected to transverse distributed and axial loads. The current research proved the good ability of PM as an analytical solution for a complicated problem and defined its range of accuracy as compared to DQM. Also, it introduced accurate empirical formulae to find both natural frequency and buckling load of non-prismatic beams. These empirical formulae represent a good achievement in vibration analysis of non-prismatic beams.
Impact of COVID-19 on vocal cord mobility: a case series study
Authors: Zamzam Sameh M. , Hanafy Rania Gamal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the pandemic of COVID-19 infection in March 2020, most of cases presented with mild symptoms, and a significant number of cases showed variable neurological pictures. Vocal cord paralysis with no clear cause is termed as idiopathic vocal cord paralysis and supposed to be caused by viral infection. This is a case series study; data were collected prospectively from patients presented to the ENT clinic of Kasr Alainy (Cairo university) and Railway hospitals. Patients presented with defective vocal cord movement with concurrently or recently passed COVID-19 infection were reported from March 2020 to April 2021.ResultsAuthors have reported 6 cases of vocal cord paralysis mainly unilateral due to COVID-19 infection as an only clear cause within 14 months. Age ranges from 39 to 69 years, 2 males and 4 females. Patients presented with different clinical scenarios. Follow-up of the cases showed spontaneous recovery in 5 cases and one case underwent cord medialization.ConclusionViral infection could be an underlying cause of idiopathic laryngeal cord paralysis; in the new era of the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians all over the world noticed variable neurological pictures; in this study, we presented 6 cases of vocal cord paralysis mainly unilateral supposed to be due to COVID-19 infection; all cases showed spontaneous recovery apart from one case that needed medialization of the cord.
Patient, family and provider views of measurement-based care in an early-psychosis intervention programme
Authors: Cuperfain Ari B. , Hui Katrina , Berkhout Suze G. , Foussias George , Gratzer David , Kidd Sean A. , Kozloff Nicole , Kurdyak Paul , Linaksita Brandon , Miranda Dielle , Soklaridis Sophie , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Zaheer Juveria 
Published: September 2021

Background
Measurement-based care (MBC) in mental health improves patient outcomes and is a component of many national guidelines for mental healthcare delivery. Nevertheless, MBC is not routinely integrated into clinical practice. Several known reasons for the lack of integration exist but one lesser explored variable is the subjective perspectives of providers and patients about MBC. Such perspectives are critical to understand facilitators and barriers to improve the integration of MBC into routine clinical practice.

Aims
This study aimed to uncover the perspectives of various stakeholders towards MBC within a single treatment centre.

Method
Researchers conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with patients (n = 15), family members (n = 7), case managers (n = 8) and psychiatrists (n = 6) engaged in an early-psychosis intervention programme. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, informed by critical realist theory.

Results
Analysis converged on several themes. These include (a) implicit negative assumptions; (b) relevance and utility to practice; (c) equity versus flexibility; and (d) shared decision-making. Providers assumed patients’ perspectives of MBC were negative. Patients’ perspectives of MBC were actually favourable, particularly if MBC was used as an instrument to engage patients in shared decision-making and communication rather than as a dogmatic and rigid clinical decision tool.

Conclusions
This qualitative study presents the views of various stakeholders towards MBC, providing an in-depth examination of the barriers and facilitators to MBC through qualitative investigation. The findings from this study should be used to address the challenges organisations have experienced in implementing MBC.
Knockout of Nephron ATP6AP2 Impairs Proximal Tubule Function and Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Male Mice
Authors: Culver Silas A , Akhtar Safia , Rountree-Jablin Callie , Keller Susanna R , Cathro Helen P , Gildea John J , Siragy Helmy M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
ATP6AP2 expression is increased in the nephron during high-fat diet (HFD) and its knockout (ATP6AP2 KO) reduces body weight (WT) in mice. We evaluated the contribution of ATP6AP2 to urinary glucose (UG) and albumin (Ualb) handling during HFD. We hypothesized that nephron ATP6AP2 KO increases UG and Ualb and minimizes HFD-induced obesity. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with inducible nephron-specific ATP6AP2 KO and noninduced controls were fed either normal diet (ND, 12% kcal fat) or HFD (45% kcal fat) for 6 months. ATP6AP2 KO mice on ND had 20% (P &lt; 0.01) lower WT compared with controls. HFD-fed mice had 41% (P &lt; 0.05) greater WT than ND-fed control mice. In contrast, ATP6AP2 KO abrogated the increase in WT induced by HFD by 40% (P &lt; 0.05). Mice on HFD had less caloric intake compared with ND controls (P &lt; 0.01). There were no significant differences in metabolic rate between all groups. UG and Ualb was significantly increased in ATP6AP2 KO mice on both ND and HFD. ATP6AP2 KO showed greater levels of proximal tubule apoptosis and histologic evidence of proximal tubule injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that nephron-specific ATP6AP2 KO is associated with glucosuria and albuminuria, most likely secondary to renal proximal tubule injury and/or dysfunction. Urinary loss of nutrients may have contributed to the reduced WT of knockout mice on ND and lack of WT gain in response to HFD. Future investigation should elucidate the mechanisms by which loss of renal ATP6AP2 causes proximal tubule injury and dysfunction.
RASSF8-mediated transport of Echinoid via the exocyst promotesDrosophilawing elongation and epithelial ordering
Authors: Chan Eunice H. Y. , Zhou Yanxiang , Aerne Birgit L. , Holder Maxine V. , Weston Anne , Barry David J. , Collinson Lucy , Tapon Nicolas 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTCell-cell junctions are dynamic structures that maintain cell cohesion and shape in epithelial tissues. During development, junctions undergo extensive rearrangements to drive the epithelial remodelling required for morphogenesis. This is particularly evident during axis elongation, where neighbour exchanges, cell-cell rearrangements and oriented cell divisions lead to large-scale alterations in tissue shape. Polarised vesicle trafficking of junctional components by the exocyst complex has been proposed to promote junctional rearrangements during epithelial remodelling, but the receptors that allow exocyst docking to the target membranes remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the adherens junction component Ras Association domain family 8 (RASSF8) is required for the epithelial re-ordering that occurs during Drosophila pupal wing proximo-distal elongation. We identify the exocyst component Sec15 as a RASSF8 interactor. Loss of RASSF8 elicits cytoplasmic accumulation of Sec15 and Rab11-containing vesicles. These vesicles also contain the nectin-like homophilic adhesion molecule Echinoid, the depletion of which phenocopies the wing elongation and epithelial packing defects observed in RASSF8 mutants. Thus, our results suggest that RASSF8 promotes exocyst-dependent docking of Echinoid-containing vesicles during morphogenesis.
CREB regulates the expression of type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors
Authors: Arige Vikas , Terry Lara E. , Malik Sundeep , Knebel Taylor R. , Wagner II Larry E. , Yule David I. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) play a central role in regulating intracellular Ca2+ signals in response to a variety of internal and external cues. Dysregulation of IP3R signaling is the underlying cause for numerous pathological conditions. It is well established that the activities of IP3Rs are governed by several post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). However, the long-term effects of PKA activation on expression of IP3R subtypes remains largely unexplored. In this report, we investigate the effects of chronic stimulation and tonic activity of PKA on the expression of IP3R subtypes. We demonstrate that expression of the type 1 IP3R (IP3R1) is augmented upon prolonged activation of PKA or upon ectopic overexpression of cyclic AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) without altering IP3R2 and IP3R3 abundance. By contrast, inhibition of PKA or blocking CREB diminished IP3R1 expression. We also demonstrate that agonist-induced Ca2+-release mediated by IP3R1 is significantly attenuated upon blocking of CREB. Moreover, CREB – by regulating the expression of KRAS-induced actin-interacting protein (KRAP) – ensures correct localization and licensing of IP3R1. Overall, we report a crucial role for CREB in governing both the expression and correct localization of IP3R1.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The evolutionary and physiological significance of the Hif pathway in teleost fishes
Authors: Mandic Milica , Joyce William , Perry Steve F. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway is a key regulator of cellular O2 homeostasis and an important orchestrator of the physiological responses to hypoxia (low O2) in vertebrates. Fish can be exposed to significant and frequent changes in environmental O2, and increases in Hif-α (the hypoxia-sensitive subunit of the transcription factor Hif) have been documented in a number of species as a result of a decrease in O2. Here, we discuss the impact of the Hif pathway on the hypoxic response and the contribution to hypoxia tolerance, particularly in fishes of the cyprinid lineage, which includes the zebrafish (Danio rerio). The cyprinids are of specific interest because, unlike in most other fishes, duplicated paralogs of the Hif-α isoforms arising from a teleost-specific genome duplication event have been retained. Positive selection has acted on the duplicated paralogs of the Hif-α isoforms in some cyprinid sub-families, pointing to adaptive evolutionary change in the paralogs. Thus, cyprinids are valuable models for exploring the evolutionary significance and physiological impact of the Hif pathway on the hypoxic response. Knockout in zebrafish of either paralog of Hif-1α greatly reduces hypoxia tolerance, indicating the importance of both paralogs to the hypoxic response. Here, with an emphasis on the cardiorespiratory system, we focus on the role of Hif-1α in the hypoxic ventilatory response and the regulation of cardiac function. We explore the effects of the duration of the hypoxic exposure (acute, sustained or intermittent) on the impact of Hif-1α on cardiorespiratory function and compare relevant data with those from mammalian systems.