bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1319Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Oran
Authors: Zemour Lakhdar , Amani Nassima , mallem Lynda , Belghitri AMINA , Midoun Nori 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The clinical epidemiological profile of patients with viral hepatitis C appears to differ from population. It is well established that in the West, the two main modes of hepatitis C virus contamination are blood transfusion and addiction. However, in our region, risk factors for transmission remain poorly identified and poorly quantified
Thus, the objective of this study is to chart the epidemiological profile and to show the share of the different risk factors reported among the modes of transmission of HCV in this category of Oranese patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients with chronic viral hepatitis C, admitted to the gastroenterology services of the Oran University Hospital and prospectively collected from 2009 until 2015 for therapeutic management.
The data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and processed on SPSS 20.0.

Results
There are 289 cases of viral hepatitis C; female predominance (sex ratio of 0.56). Their average age is 48.9±12.9 years. The G1 genotype is slightly with a frequency of 48.4% followed by the G2 with 37.7%.
Among the probable modes of contamination reported, dental care ranked first with 54.7% followed by surgical procedures in 26.3%. Traditional practices such as hijama and scarification were found in 51.9% of cases.

Conclusion
Apart from the known contamination factors in the literature, we must not overlook the very important part of traditional practices that are closely linked to the traditions and beliefs of our region. Awareness campaigns should be adopted on hygiene practices to ensure good care safety.

Keywords
HCV, Contamination Patterns, Genotype, Risk
1271Green tea consumption is associated with annual changes in hippocampal volumes: a longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Shu , Otsuka Rei , Nishita Yukiko , Nakamura Akinori , Kato Takashi , Iwata Kaori , Tange Chikako , Tomida Makiko , Ando Fujiko , Shimokata Hiroshi , Arai Hidenori 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
To investigate the association between green tea consumption and the annual rate of change of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and hippocampal volumes in middle-aged and older Japanese community-dwellers.

Methods
A prospective cohort study with two years of follow-up was conducted with 1693 participants (aged 40–89 years). Green tea consumption (mL/day) data were collected with a 3-day dietary record. Volumes of GM, WM, and the hippocampus were estimated by T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging and FreeSurfer software. The GM ratio, WM ratio, and hippocampal ratio (HR) were calculated as the percentages of total intracranial volume, respectively.

Results
The mean (SD) annual rate of change of hippocampal volume [(HR at baseline - HR at follow-up)/HR at baseline/follow-up years×100%] was 0.499 (1.128) (%). In the multivariable-adjusted general linear model, green tea consumption at baseline was negatively associated only with the annual rate of change of hippocampal volume (%) [β (95% CI) for each 1 mL/day increase in green tea consumption = -20.2E-5 (-35.0E-5 to -5.3E-5); P-value = 0.008]. No associations were observed for the annual rate of change of GM or WM volumes. The results remained significant when the analysis was limited to those with stable green tea consumption and were especially evident among individuals aged 65 years and older and among women.

Conclusions
In this study, each additional 100 mL/day of green tea intake was related to a reduction of approximately 5% in annual hippocampal atrophy. This association was especially evident among older individuals and among women.

Key messages
A negative association between green tea consumption and brain atrophy has been suggested; however, this relationship has not yet been investigated in humans. In this study, for the first time, a negative association between green tea consumption and annual hippocampal atrophy was observed in community-dwelling middle-aged and older individuals.
1448Intensive care utilisation in New Zealand 2010 to 2020
Authors: Zhang Zhi-ling (jim) , Balram Astuti 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Many countries are assessing their capacity of intensive care (IC) after COVID-19 outbreak due to massively increase in the utilisation. This work analysed the utilisation of IC in New Zealand (NZ) between 2010 and 2020, as a base to predict and plan the health service in the future.

Methods
Inpatient events from NZ national data collection and datasets from the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society were matched to generate a relatively comprehensive IC dataset for patients cared in NZ.

Results
Over the period, around 182,000 IC inpatient events with associated 12.1 million IC hours were identified. For NZ patients, age-standardised rate was 328 events or 905 IC bed days per 100,000 population. The age-standardised rates were significantly higher in Maori and Pacific, and significantly lower in Asian population. The absolute IC events and IC hours significantly increased over the period, with a slope of 390 IC events or 29,000 IC hours per year. Significant increase in IC hours over the period were found in the diagnostic categories of injuries, cardiovascular diseases, neurological conditions and lower respiratory infections; or patients cared by health specialties of cardiothoracic surgery, general surgery, orthopaedic surgery and respiratory medicine.

Conclusions
The IC utilisation are different in population subgroups. Trends and volumes of IC utilisation in different clinical diagnoses and health specialties were quantified.

Key messages
With population projection, these results provide evidence to predict IC capacity demand and to design IC services (e.g. health specialties, IC beds and investment needed) in the future.
281Physical activity and subsequent frailty incidence among the community-dwelling older adults: results from JAGES ATTACH
Authors: Zhao Wenjing , Pan Bei , Sasaki Sachiko , Ukawa Shigekazu , Okada Emiko , Kishi Tomoko , Kondo Kastunori , Tamakoshi Akiko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Previous studies reported that physical activity (PA) could prevent frailty, but the longitudinal evidence between PA volume and frailty is scarce. Additionally, the impact of daily walking time on the risk of frailty is unclear. This study aimed to examination the association of incident frailty with PA volume and daily walking time among Japanese community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
About 485 participants aged 70–74 years from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study were included in this study. Frailty was assessed at baseline and 3 years later by using the Kaigo-Yobo Checklist. PA was assessed using the short-term International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Logistic regression was performed to calculate relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
After 3 years of follow-up, 46 new frailty cases were recorded. The association of frailty incidence with both PA volume and daily walking time presented a U-shaped curve, albeit not statistically significant. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, walking for 0.5–1 h per day displayed a greater association with decreased frailty risk (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.12–0.98) than higher levels of daily walking time. We did not observe an association between PA volume and subsequent frailty.

Conclusions
Walking for 0.5–1 hour/day significantly decreases frailty risk. Incorporating a moderate level of regular walking into the daily lives of older adults may postpone the onset of frailty and improve the ageing process. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of higher PA levels on frailty risk.
1280Natural history, developmental trajectories, and determinants of eczema from infancy to 26 years of age
Authors: Ziyab Ali , Mukherjee Nandini , Arshad Hasan , Karmaus Wilfried 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Eczema is a common inflammatory skin disease with varying developmental trajectories/patterns. This study sought to investigate eczema development from infancy to early adulthood by identifying distinct developmental trajectories that describe disease patterns over time and evaluate the role of early life risk factors.

Methods
The Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (n = 1456) was prospectively assessed at birth, 1, 2, 4, 10, 18, and 26 years. At each assessment, eczema was ascertained based on established clinical criteria. Developmental trajectories of eczema between 1-or-2 and 26 years were identified separately for males and females by applying semiparametric mixture models. Associations were assessed by applying a modified Poisson regression to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
In both males and females, the following eczema trajectories were identified: unaffected/transient (77.7% vs. 73.0%), mid-onset late-resolving (7.8% vs. 4.4%), late-onset (5.2% vs. 9.5%), and early-onset persistent (9.3% vs. 5.4%). In females, an additional trajectory was identified: early-onset early-resolving (7.7%). Among males, filaggrin gene (FLG) variants (aRR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.34-4.46) and paternal eczema (2.66, 1.39-5.08) were associated with the early-onset persistent trajectory. Among females, maternal eczema (2.84, 1.42-5.70) and high birthweight (2.25, 1.08-4.69) were associated with the early-onset persistent trajectory.

Conclusions
Four and five trajectories represented eczema development among males and females, respectively, with different predisposing risk factors.

Key messages
Males and females may experience a different course of eczema and also sex-specific risk factors.
Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized COVID-19 in Children: Report From the COVID-19 Registry in Japan
Authors: Shoji Kensuke , Akiyama Takayuki , Tsuzuki Shinya , Matsunaga Nobuaki , Asai Yusuke , Suzuki Setsuko , Iwamoto Noriko , Funaki Takanori , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A total of 1038 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were identified. Among these, 308 (30%) had asymptomatic COVID-19. The overall outcome was good, and no patients died. A significant rate of patients aged &lt;24 months and ≥13 years were found in the symptomatic group.
Resolved fine and hyperfine state-to-state rate coefficients for the rotational transitions of C3N induced by collision with He
Authors: Lara-Moreno Miguel , Stoecklin Thierry , Halvick Philippe 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The fine and hyperfine resolved state-to-state rate coefficients for the rotational (de)excitation of C3N by collision with helium are computed. To this aim a 2D potential energy surface is calculated for this system. The recoupling method is used to obtain the fine and hyperfine structure resolved rate coefficients from spin-free close-coupling calculations. These results are compared with those given by the infinite-order sudden approximation and the M-randomizing limit. General propensity rules for the transitions are also found and analysed.
On the shear-current effect: toward understanding why theories and simulations have mutually and separately conflicted
Authors: Zhou Hongzhe , Blackman Eric G 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The shear-current effect (SCE) of mean-field dynamo theory refers to the combination of a shear flow and a turbulent coefficient β21 with a favourable negative sign for exponential mean-field growth, rather than positive for diffusion. There have been long-standing disagreements among theoretical calculations and comparisons of theory with numerical experiments as to the sign of kinetic ($\beta ^u_{21}$) and magnetic ($\beta ^b_{21}$) contributions. To resolve these discrepancies, we combine an analytical approach with simulations, and show that unlike $\beta ^b_{21}$, the kinetic SCE $\beta ^u_{21}$ has a strong dependence on the kinetic energy spectral index and can transit from positive to negative values at $\mathcal {O}(10)$ Reynolds numbers if the spectrum is not too steep. Conversely, $\beta ^b_{21}$ is always negative regardless of the spectral index and Reynolds numbers. For very steep energy spectra, the positive $\beta ^u_{21}$ can dominate even at energy equipartition urms ≃ brms, resulting in a positive total β21 even though $\beta ^b_{21}\lt 0$. Our findings bridge the gap between the seemingly contradictory results from the second-order-correlation approximation versus the spectral-τ closure, for which opposite signs for $\beta ^u_{21}$ have been reported, with the same sign for $\beta ^b_{21}\lt 0$. The results also offer an explanation for the simulations that find $\beta ^u_{21}\gt 0$ and an inconclusive overall sign of β21 for $\mathcal {O}(10)$ Reynolds numbers. The transient behaviour of $\beta ^u_{21}$ is demonstrated using the kinematic test-field method. We compute dynamo growth rates for cases with or without rotation, and discuss opportunities for further work.
Evolving beyond z=0: insights about the future of stars and the intergalactic medium
Authors: Oh Boon Kiat , Peacock John A , Khochfar Sadegh , Smith Britton D 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We present results from seven cosmological simulations that have been extended beyond the present era as far as redshift z ≈ −0.99 or $t\approx 96.0\, {\rm Gyr}$, using the Enzo simulation code. We adopt the calibrated star formation and feedback prescriptions from our previous work on reproducing the Milky Way with Enzo, with modifications to the simulation code, chemistry, and cooling library. We then consider the future behaviour of the halo mass function (HMF), the equation of state (EOS) of the IGM, and the cosmic star formation history (SFH). Consistent with previous work, we find a freeze out in the HMF at z ≈ −0.6 or $t\approx 28.1\, {\rm Gyr}$. The evolution of the EOS of the IGM presents an interesting case study of the cosmological coincidence problem, where there is a sharp decline in the IGM temperature immediately after z = 0. For the SFH, the simulations produce a peak and a subsequent decline into the future. However, we do find a turnaround in the SFH after z ≈ −0.98 or $t\approx 82.4\, {\rm Gyr}$ in some simulations, which we attribute to limitations of the criteria used for star formation. By integrating the SFH in time up to z ≈ −0.92 or $t\approx 55.1\, {\rm Gyr}$, the simulation with the best spatial resolution predicts an asymptotic total stellar mass that is very close to that obtained from extrapolating the fit of the observed SFR. Lastly, we investigate the future evolution of the partition of baryons within a Milky Way-sized galaxy, using both a zoom and a box simulation. Despite vastly different resolutions, these simulations predict individual haloes containing an equal fraction of baryons in stars and gas at the time of freeze out.
Detection of the YORP effect on the contact binary (68346) 2001 KZ66 from combined radar and optical observations
Authors: Zegmott Tarik J , Lowry S C , Rożek A , Rozitis B , Nolan M C , Howell E S , Green S F , Snodgrass C , Fitzsimmons A , Weissman P R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack (YORP) effect is a small thermal-radiation torque experienced by small asteroids, and is considered to be crucial in their physical and dynamical evolution. It is important to understand this effect by providing measurements of YORP for a range of asteroid types to facilitate the development of a theoretical framework. We are conducting a long-term observational study on a selection of near-Earth asteroids to support this. We focus here on (68346) 2001 KZ66, for which we obtained both optical and radar observations spanning a decade. This allowed us to perform a comprehensive analysis of the asteroid’s rotational evolution. Furthermore, radar observations from the Arecibo Observatory enabled us to generate a detailed shape model. We determined that (68346) is a retrograde rotator with its pole near the southern ecliptic pole, within a 15○ radius of longitude 170○ and latitude −85○. By combining our radar-derived shape model with the optical light curves, we developed a refined solution to fit all available data, which required a YORP strength of $(8.43\pm 0.69)\times 10^{-8} \rm ~rad ~d^{-2}$. (68346) has a distinct bifurcated shape comprising a large ellipsoidal component joined by a sharp neckline to a smaller non-ellipsoidal component. This object likely formed either from the gentle merging of a binary system or from the deformation of a rubble pile due to YORP spin-up. The shape exists in a stable configuration close to its minimum in topographic variation, where regolith is unlikely to migrate from areas of higher potential.
Mitigating baryonic effects with a theoretical error covariance
Authors: Moreira Maria G , Andrade-Oliveira Felipe , Fang Xiao , Huang Hung-Jin , Krause Elisabeth , Miranda Vivian , Rosenfeld Rogerio , Simonović Marko 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTOne of the primary sources of uncertainties in modelling the cosmic-shear power spectrum on small scales is the effect of baryonic physics. Accurate cosmology for stage-IV surveys requires knowledge of the matter power spectrum deep in the non-linear regime at the per cent level. Therefore, it is important to develop reliable mitigation techniques to take into account baryonic uncertainties if information from small scales is to be considered in the cosmological analysis. In this work, we develop a new mitigation method for dealing with baryonic physics for the case of the shear angular power spectrum. The method is based on an augmented covariance matrix that incorporates baryonic uncertainties informed by hydrodynamical simulations. We use the results from 13 hydrodynamical simulations and the residual errors arising from a fit to a ΛCDM model using the extended halo model code HMCode to account for baryonic physics. These residual errors are used to model a so-called theoretical error covariance matrix that is added to the original covariance matrix. In order to assess the performance of the method, we use the 2D tomographic shear from four hydrodynamical simulations that have different extremes of baryonic parameters as mock data and run a likelihood analysis comparing the residual bias on Ωm and σ8 of our method and the HMCode for an LSST-like survey. We use different modelling of the theoretical error covariance matrix to test the robustness of the method. We show that it is possible to reduce the bias in the determination of the tested cosmological parameters at the price of a modest decrease in the precision.
General relativistic radiation transport: implications for VLBI/EHT observations of AGN discs, winds, and jets
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Bidisha , Fendt Christian , Schleicher Dominik R G , Vourellis Christos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (EHTC) has published the first image of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) obtained via the Very Large Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) technique. In the future, it is expected that additional and more sensitive VLBI observations will be pursued for other nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN), and it is therefore important to understand which possible features can be expected in such images. In this paper, we post-process general relativistic magneto-hydrodynamical (GR-MHD) simulations that include resistivity, thus providing a self-consistent jet formation model, including resistive mass loading of a wind launched from a disc in Keplerian rotation. The ray-tracing is done using the General Relativistic Ray-Tracing code grtrans assuming synchrotron emission. We study the appearance of the black hole environment including the accretion disc, winds and jets under a large range of condition, varying black hole mass, accretion rate, spin, inclination angle, disc parameters, and observed frequency. When we adopt M87-like parameters, we show that we can reproduce a ring-like feature (similar as observed by the EHT) for some of our simulations. The latter suggests that such Keplerian disc models thus could be consistent with the observed results. Depending on their masses, accretion rates, spin, and the sensitivity of the observation, we note that other SMBHs may show additional features like winds and jets in the observations.
Hardness of ionizing radiation fields in MaNGA star-forming galaxies
Authors: Kumari Nimisha , Amorín Ricardo , Pérez-Montero Enrique , Vílchez Jose , Maiolino Roberto 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate radiation hardness within a representative sample of 67 nearby (0.02 ≲ z ≲ 0.06) star-forming (SF) galaxies using the integral field spectroscopic data from the MaNGA survey. The softness parameter η = $\frac{O^{+}/O^{2+}}{S^{+}/S^{2+}}$ is sensitive to the spectral energy distribution of the ionizing radiation. We study η via the observable quantity η′ (${=}\frac{[\text{O}\,{\small II}]/[\text{O}\,{\small III}]}{[\text{S}\,{\small II}][\text{S}\,{\small III}]}$). We analyze the relation between radiation hardness (traced by η and η′) and diagnostics sensitive to gas-phase metallicity, electron temperature, density, ionization parameter, effective temperature, and age of ionizing populations. It is evident that low metallicity is accompanied by low log η′, i.e. hard radiation field. No direct relation is found between radiation hardness and other nebular parameters though such relations cannot be ruled out. We provide empirical relations between log $\rm \eta$ and strong emission line ratios N2, O3N2, and Ar3O3, which will allow future studies of radiation hardness in SF galaxies where weak auroral lines are undetected. We compare the variation of [O iii]/[O ii] and [S iii]/[S ii] for MaNGA data with SF galaxies and H ii regions within spiral galaxies from literature and find that the similarity and differences between different data set are mainly due to the metallicity. We find that predictions from photoionization models considering young and evolved stellar populations as ionizing sources in good agreement with the MaNGA data. This comparison also suggests that hard radiation fields from hot and old low-mass stars within or around SF regions might significantly contribute to the observed η values.
A case of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis after prolonged intervals of an anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Imai Yuki , Kondo Yasushi , Ishigaki Sho , Nishina Naoshi , Ota Yuichiro , Hanaoka Hironari , Kaneko Yuko , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
An 83-year-old woman with a history of asthma complained of left abdominal pain and was admitted to our hospital. She was treated with tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin (IL)-6 receptor antibody, with a prolonged interval for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Laboratory tests revealed a remarkable increase in eosinophil count and inflammatory markers with negative antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Echocardiography revealed pericardial fluid retention, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed the thickening of the gastric antrum wall. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy revealed eosinophilic infiltration into the gastric mucosal epithelium. She was diagnosed with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) with pericarditis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis. High-dose glucocorticoids with intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCY) were initiated, resulting in remission. As IL-6 is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as asthma, our case can provide insights into the pathogenic role of IL-6 in EGPA as the development of EGPA in our case may have been triggered by IL-6 signals enhanced with tocilizumab interval prolongation.