bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Design of Gravitational Water Vortex Turbine for Green Energy Generation
Authors: Camillus J , Mat Tokit E , Mohd Rosli M A , Mohd Sa’at F A Z , Herawan S G , Syahputra S I A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, the conceptual design of a gravitational water vortex turbine has been developed. The conceptual turbine was designed to extract the energy from the house rooftop and generate the small power electricity using design principles. Through the concept of the House of Quality, the respondent requirements data were extracted to match with the scientific view in the design of the turbine. The data from the respondent was then linked to respond to the product characteristics by decomposing the function of the turbine. The divergence of three conceptual designs was being developed by cross-linking the part selection through the morphological chart. Of all designs, the final turbine design has been selected based on the concept of screening through the Pugh method and the concept of scoring of a weighted-decision matrix. Design 3 had been selected as the final product of this conceptual design study when the angle of the inlet opening is at 60°, the angle of pre-rotational is at 30°, with 3 number of blades, and when the body material is set as of polyvinyl chloride.
Influence of inlet velocity and heat flux on the thermal characteristic of various heat sink designs using CFD analysis
Authors: Khor C.Y. , Rosli M.U. , Nawi M.A.M. , Kee W.C. , Ramdan Dadan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A heat sink is an important passive heat exchanger in the thermal management of electronic devices or systems. The study aims to analyze the influence of the inlet velocity and heat flux on the thermal characteristics (i.e., static temperature and heat transfer coefficient) of three heat sink designs. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is carried out for the electronic cooling process. Three heat sink designs, namely, circular pin fin, plate fin, and rectangular fin are considered in this study. The influence of the inlet velocity and heat flux on the temperature distribution and heat transfer coefficient was analyzed. The results revealed that the use of circular pin resulted the highest temperature drop when the inlet velocity increased. The highest heat transfer coefficient was observed on the circular pin fin design during the cooling process. The heat flux demonstrated a linear correlation with the temperature for all heat sink designs. The effectiveness of the heat transfer was attributed by the heat sink design and inlet velocity of the airflow. Thus, the current results indicated the thermal characteristics of the heat sink are crucially influenced by the design and velocity of airflow in the cooling process.
Simulation-enabled Design and Analysis of Globe Valve
Authors: Nuri Al-Amin Nu’man Al-Basyir Mohd , Abdul Rani Ahmad Majdi , Awang Mohd Norhisyam , A Rani M Nasir , Ishar Nur Athirah , Thompson Harvey M. , Hafizun Hassan M , Zakir Bushra Mohamad , Hassan Ahmad Tarmizi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Globe valves serve many purposes in oil and gas facilities as a tool to control fluid flow in pipelines. However, older designs of globe valves suffer many problems and faults, mainly from valve leakage and valve passing. In mitigating these problems, this paper will improve the design of a globe valve to enhance its fluid flow performance and reduce the pressure difference value throughout the valve. The improvements on the valve will be validated from the original design with the help of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The project concluded that the improved valve design performs better than the original design in all aspects except in terms of valve passing at the contact seal between the seat and the disk in a fully closed position. Implementation of smart sensors and prototyping will be explored in future studies.
Effect of loading protocol on the mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel
Authors: Heng S.H. , Muhamad Azmi M.S. , Rojan M.A. , Hashim M.S.M. , Ayob M.N. , Ismail A.H. , Abdul Manan M.S. , Abdullah S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Two types of loading protocol, i.e., monotonic loading and cyclic loading, were compared to investigate the effect on the mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel. The specimen used is a dog-bone specimen in accordance with ASTM E8 and ASTM E606 standard. For cyclic loading, the multiple-step method is used to obtain the hysteresis loop of the material. A total of 13 strain amplitude conditions had been carried out, ranging from 0.05%-0.65%. The stress-strain curve shows that the cyclic stress-strain curve is higher than the monotonic stress-strain curve due to the cyclic hardening behaviour in the 316L stainless steel. The cyclic hardening behaviour increases the ultimate tensile stress of the material. However, when the material gains its strength through cyclic hardening, the ductility in the material will decrease.
Structural Analysis on the Coil Spring of Motorcycle Suspension System
Authors: Tan W H , Lo W C , Teoh C Y , Cheng E M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The motorcycle suspension system is one of the crucial components. It helps to support the motorcycle’s weight, isolate the vibration level caused by road imperfection, and keep the wheel in contact with the road surface. Therefore, the performance of suspension system needs to be enhanced to ensure the ride comfort and safety of riders. Coil spring is one of the essential parts of motorcycle suspension system. In this study, two different materials of coil spring are being focused include steel alloy and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). The geometry of the coil spring is the existing design in the market. The static structural analyses are carried out to determine the directional deformation of y-axis, equivalent stress and equivalent elastic stress analysis of the corresponding coil spring material. The obtained results are discussed. It is found that the steel coil spring has better performance for the existing coil spring design. The directional deformation, equivalent stress and equivalent elastic strain of steel coil spring are considered at the lower side, which is 0.029357mm, 2003MPa and 0.010051mm/mm respectively. In this study, it is observed that the number of turns of coil spring should be increased to enhance the performance of CFRP coil spring.
Analysis of energy absorption of aluminium foam fenders under axial loads
Authors: Djamaluddin Fauzan , Mat Fauziah , Sarah Zulfhis , Ahmad Masniezam , Renreng Ilyas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In shipping, a fender is a bumper that is used to reduce collisions that occur when the ship is about to dock or when the ship is moored by waves or currents in the port. To be able to damp, fenders should demonstrate high energy absorption and low reaction force. Therefore, fenders are generally made of rubber, elastomeric foam, or plastic. In this research, we aim to examine the effect of aluminium foam as one of fender components and to measure if the foam works for damping and allow fender to reduce force. It can be an innovation for fender design because the use of aluminium means a possibility in extending the fender life, minimize replacement and maintenance costs. This research examines 4 variations of the cross-section of the fenders to which aluminium foam have been added. Fender testing is done by conducting crashworthiness and impact tests of the developed fender model by employing Abaqus software. Based on the simulation result, aluminium foam shows a significant role in reducing the pressure generated by the load through the high energy absorption of the aluminium foam using finite element analysis. In conclusion, the foam filled fenders exhibit constant stress which can absorb higher energy levels than that of the empty fenders.
Compressive strength, sound absorption coefficient (SAC) and water absorption analysis of HDPE plastic waste reinforced polystyrene and Portland cement for lightweight concrete (LWC)
Authors: Manaf Izzati Abdul , Marsi Noraini , Genesan Vikneshvaran , Yusrianto Efil , Shariff Hafizuddin Hakim , Adnan Suraya Hani , Awang Mariah , Ali Roslinda , Mohd Jamir Mohd Ridzuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This project research presents compressive strength, sound absorption coefficient (SAC) and water absorption analysis of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste reinforced polystyrene and Portland cement for lightweight concrete (LWC). The research is aimed into the issue of waste materials such as HDPE plastic waste and polystyrene waste into lightweight concrete (LWC) application. Modifications with waste material may improve the qualities of lightweight concrete (LWC), and HDPE plastic waste may serve as a partial substitute for natural aggregates, which are rapidly depleting. It has been proposed that HDPE plastic waste and polystyrene be used as an alternative aggregate material to reduce environmental impact. In this study, four composition ratio of HDPE plastic waste reinforced polystyrene and Portland cement to produce LWC; which are (a) 0.5 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene: 1.0 Portland cement, (b) 1.0 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement, (c) 1.5 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement, and (d) 2.0 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement. The highest rate of compressive strength attained was 97.28 kN with the composition ratio of 1.5 HDPE plastic waste: 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement. It was discovered that a larger proportion of plastic lowered the strength of concrete. On the other hand, the optimum composition ratio of HDPE plastic waste reinforced concrete for lightweight concrete (LWC) produces the appropriate strength for LWC when the composition ratio is optimized. For sound absorption analysis, the higher coefficient is 0.42 SAC at 350 Hz to 1500 Hz for the composition ratio of 1.5 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement. Water absorption characteristics of HDPE plastic waste and polystyrene for LWC dropped with increasing plastic waste content up to 0.50%.
Microstructural and Physical Properties of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Prepared by Ceramic Injection Moulding (CIM)
Authors: Zainudin M , Ismail M H , Shaari N S , Manap M F A , Yahaya M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ceramic injection moulding (CIM) is a near net shape process to produce smaller and intricate parts at a competitive cost. However, fine particle size (nano scale) used for such injection moulding process generally leads to agglomeration, higher binder content and critical dimensional shrinkage which results in defects on the sintered components. This study extensively investigates the characteristics of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) for CIM process. YSZ parts were moulded by CIM process that utilized a multi-component binder system using palm stearin (PS) and polyethylene (PE) in 60:40 (vol %) ratio. The powders were characterized using particle size analyzer, pycnometer density and scanning electron microscopic (SEM). The binders were characterized by the pycnometer density, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Powders loading were choosen by the critical powder volume percentage (CPVP) through oil absorption test. YSZ powder was mixed with the binders at different powder loadings ranging from 58 to 60 vol% based on CPVP. The parts were injected moulded, thermal debound, pre-sintered and sintered. The microstructure, green strength and hardness of the sintered part at different powder loadings were investigated. A large porous region was clearly observed at 58 vol% compared to 60 vol%. All samples were sintered at 1350°C, with the highest green strength and hardness were 13MPa and 357.42 HV respectively was given by the sintered part at powder loading of 60 vol.
Compressive Strength Performance of Composite Sand Cement Brick with Power Saw Wood
Authors: Farazela MS , Arib MN , Muhamad Azmi MS , Shazmin Aniza AS , Azhan AZ 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Malaysia is experiencing an unprecedented growth of its urban centre due to its developing economy and industrialization, causing the demand of bricks production to be high. This increased the price of river sand. Further, the river sand may be depleted in the future if there is no alternative taken in reducing the usage of river sand in building materials due to the limited natural resources supply. Therefore, this research concentrates on using waste material like wood fiber waste (WFW) in order to reduce river sand in the fabrication of composite sand cement brick. This research is done in order to determine the water absorption and the compressive strength of sand cement brick with powder saw wood. Six batches of bricks were made with different composition of sawdust of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% sawdust. All the bricks undergo 7 days of air-cured process before having the water absorption test and compression test. 3 days of water-cured process was performed on all bricks in order to investigate the results of water absorption test. For water absorption test, 0% of sawdust brick shows the lowest value while 5% of sawdust brick shows the highest value of water absorption rate. This indicated that high percentages of sawdust in composite brick will results in higher water absorption rate. This factor is due to the sawdust that is hydrophilic and porous in nature that causes the brick to containe more air space in the brick. Thus, this can be evidenced by the density data that keep decreasing with increasing percentages of sawdust. As for compressive strength test, the results presented 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of sawdust have strength of 20.61 MPa, 25.30 MPa, 15.47 MPa, 2.03 MPa, 1.49 MPa and 1.73 MPa respectively. In summary, it can be concluded that optimum percentage of sawdust is 2% as it contains better compressive strength than other bricks although it has slightly higher water absorption rate than conventional sand cement brick. The compressive strength was influenced by the density of brick. It is shown in density results that decreasing in density will causes declining in compressive strength. As a conclusion, water absorption rate increases linearly proportional to the percentages of sawdust but inversely proportional to the compressive strength and the density of the brick.
Effect of Quenching on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel for Hammer Mill
Authors: Marthini V. , Alhelali I.A.A. , Afendi Mohd , Majid Mariam , Syafiq W.M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper covers the effect of quenching on the mechanical properties of high carbon steel for hammer mill. The main objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties and microstructure of high carbon steel before and after heat treatment (i.e., quenching). In this study, the specimens were heated at different level temperature which are 750 °C,800 °C and 900 °C prior to quenching process in water with soaking time of 5 minutes. After the heat treatment of quenching process completed, Rockwell hardness test and tensile test were performed, and the results were collected for both untreated and heat-treated specimens. The fractured surfaces of the specimens were also examined by using metallurgical microscope. It was observed that different level of quenching temperature and untreated specimens gave different mechanical properties. The specimen undergone water quenching recorded the highest hardness and tensile strength as 67.9 HRA and 426.11 MPa, respectively. Besides, the microstructure obtained from untreated specimen provided a good combination of ferrite and pearlite, meanwhile in quenched specimens formation of martensite was observed.
Failure Analysis of Boron/Epoxy Composite Laminates with Square Cutouts in Various Size under Uniaxial Tension
Authors: Zulkifli M A A , Halim Z I A , Norbani N A S , Mahmud J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractComposite laminates have received much interest in precise engineering fields such as aerospace and automotive industries. Understanding the failure behaviour of laminated composites is important when designing modern structures, but many studies only focus on laminates without cutouts. In practice, the structures are design with cutouts to accommodate the space for fasteners, such as rivets, screws and bolts. This study analyses the failure behaviour of Boron/Epoxy composite laminates with square cutout of various sizes under uniaxial tension. In this study, failure analysis was performed using a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, ANSYS, for laminated composite plates with square cutout. The laminas were arranged in the sequence of [θ4/04/-θ4]s where the fibre angle, θ ranges from 0˚ to 90˚. The failure load was predicted based Maximum stress theory. For better visualisation, failure curves are plotted and analysed. Prior to that, the numerical validation procedure has proved the accuracy of the simulation as the results obtained from analytical approach (Matlab) and simulation (ANSYS) are in close agreement. The failure curves show that the Boron/Epoxy composite laminate has weaken seven times due to the square cutout. Such information is vital when designing a structure. Even though more rigorous research should be conducted, it could not be denied that the current study has contributed significant fundamental knowledge. The novelty of this work is that a new set of failure envelopes for Boron/Epoxy laminates with various cutout sizes was developed.
Conceptual design of a solar powered agriculture irrigation system for rural farming
Authors: Aziz NA , Amin NAM , Mohamad MS Bin , Saad MAM , Izham M , Rahman MTA , Mohamad A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Based on the geographical profile of Wang Kelian, Perlis, farmers are having trouble is distributing resources due to land elevation. In the present work, an automated solar powered agriculture irrigation system is proposed as a solution for the farmers to manage their farms efficiently. To provide a viable solution in designing the proposed system, a series of procedures have been employed. A survey was conducted in order to identify the customer requirement. The respondent requirements data were extracted to match with the scientific view to design the system. The data from the respondent was then linked to respond to the product characteristic by decomposing the function of the irrigation system. Herein, four conceptual designs were finalised by cross-linking the part selection through the morphological chart. Among these designs, the final agriculture irrigation system was being selected by evaluating and scoring the weight factor by using a weighted-decision matrix. As a result, a fully automated conceptual design (Concept 1) was selected as the best design as the highest score of 3.96 was recorded.
A Comparative Study of the EWMA and Double EWMA Control Schemes
Authors: Chan K M , Chong Z L , Khoo M B C , Khaw K W , Teoh W L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A control scheme is the most excellent and irreplaceable tool in Statistical Process Control because of its effectiveness in controlling and monitoring the process, which indirectly helps ensure that the quality of a product is controlled. The EWMA scheme is one of the popular memory-type schemes used to control a normally distributed process. Therefore, various studies and improvements are performed on this scheme and are available in the literature. One of the significant improvements of the EWMA scheme is its extension to the double EWMA scheme, which has a better performance in detecting a small to moderate shift in the process than the traditional EWMA scheme. In order to study and compare the performance of the EWMA and double EWMA schemes in a comprehensive way, other run-length properties, such as the standard deviation and percentiles of the run-length, are also evaluated, rather than solely evaluating the average run-length results. Furthermore, the exact shift size in the process is usually not known in real life. Thus, the expected average run-length and expected median run-length metrics are used to evaluate the overall performances of these two schemes in a range of shift sizes. Then, the implementation of these two schemes is illustrated with a dataset. Last, some concluding remarks are made.
A Three-Dimensional CFD Study of NACA 0018 Darrieus Hydrokinetic Turbine through Unsteady RANS Simulations
Authors: Mailvaganam D , Roy S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
For low-head water sources, hydrokinetic turbines are potential technologies that can offer viable renewable energy options to extract energy in the rivers and water channels. In this paper, three-dimensional unsteady simulations were carried out on a straight-bladed Darrieus hydrokinetic turbine with NACA 0018 airfoil to analyse the flow physics in vortex separation at an operating tip speed ratio of 1.7 with turbine solidity of 0.224. The vortex separation or flow separation, and flow reattachment have been studied concerning the instantaneous power coefficients of the turbine at different azimuthal positions. It was observed that the steady decline in turbine power coefficient occurs from the azimuthal angle of 90° as vortex separation begins. A dip into the negative region was found 60° later. The re-entering into the positive power coefficient region is attributed to flow reattachment between 180° and 210°.
Development of Synthetic Spine for Biomechanical Research: An Overview
Authors: Muhayudin N A , Basaruddin K S , Yazid H , Salleh A F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Human and animal cadaveric spines are the most common specimens used in biomechanical investigations. However, biological cadaveric spines come with a lot of disadvantages, which resulted in questionable reliability of the data obtained. This motivated the authors to look at the development of a working synthetic spine in motion segments because synthetic materials have been used widely to replace the cadaveric specimens especially for bone testing. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current development of a working synthetic spine and why it is crucial to consider synthetic spine as another alternative specimens to replace human and animal cadaveric spines for biomechanical research. The development of synthetic spines studies in recent years showed a great potential to replicate the human cadaveric spine. Although some of the motions were quite stiff in comparison with human cadaveric motions, with further adjustment, the improved synthetic spine can potentially benefit and transform the spinal biomechanical investigations in the future.