bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superior Oblique Silicone Expander for Brown Syndrome and Superior Oblique Overaction
Authors: Wright Kenneth W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Standard procedures for weakening the superior oblique muscle have been associated with significant complications in the treatment of superior oblique overaction and Brown syndrome. This article presents a new technique for weakening the superior oblique muscle by lengthening the superior oblique tendon. Lengthening is accomplished by a nasal superior oblique tenotomy, and by inserting a segment of medical grade silicone 240 retinal band between the cut ends of the tendon. This technique was performed on 18 patients (30 eyes), 14 (26 eyes) with superior oblique overaction, and four (one eye each) with Brown syndrome. Preoperative^, patients with superior oblique overaction demonstrated Apatterns between 20 prism diopters and 55?, and versions of +2 to +4 superior oblique overaction in at least one eye. Postoperatively, the ?-pattern and overaction improved in each case, and 13 of the 14 patients had patterns 10? or less. Of the four patients with Brown syndrome, three showed marked improvement of elevation in adduction, without consecutive superior oblique palsy. One had no improvement, even after a second procedure, consisting of superior oblique tenectomy; this case probably represents a non-superior oblique restriction (ie, a pseudo-Brown syndrome).
Based on these results, it appears that the silicone expander technique is useful in patients with superior oblique overaction and Brown syndrome secondary to tight superior oblique tendon. This technique allows a predetermined degree of tendon separation and a graded weakening of the superior oblique muscle. Furthermore, by controlling the cut ends of the tendon, the procedure is easily reversible and there is ready access to the tendon should reoperation be necessary for residual overaction.
Conjunctival Mass Formation With Unexpected Foreign Body
Authors: Ainbinder Darryl J , O'Neill Kelly P , Yagci Ayse , Karcioglu Zeynel A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two 4-year-old females with inferior fornix conjunctival lesions are described. Both cases proved to be cotton-material-induced granulomas. These cases are reported to emphasize that recognition of foreign body conjunctival granuloma remains as a challenge to ophthalmologists.
Stability of the Postoperative Alignment in Adjustable-Suture Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Weston Bonnie , Enzenauer Robert W , Kraft Stephen P , Gayowsky Gregory R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We reviewed the postoperative alignment drift in 201 patients between the ages of 14 and 75 years who underwent rectus muscle surgery with adjustable sutures from 1984 to 1989. We analyzed results for 42 primary esotropia (ET) surgeries and 37 reoperations (groups IA and IB, respectively), 34 exotropia (XT) primary surgeries and 66 reoperations (groups IIA and IIB, respectively), and 22 hypertropia (HT) surgeries (group III). Forty percent of patients required postoperative muscle adjustment. All patients underwent a minimum of 8-weeks follow up; 66% underwent 6-months follow up or longer. The postoperative drifts in alignment for primary surgeries versus reoperations were not significantly different for either ET or XT patients. The mean postoperative drift in prism diopters from the alignment immediately after the adjustment, or after the surgery if no adjustment was needed, for each group as measured during the most recent follow up was 1.3 eso-shift for group IA, 1.2 exo-shift for group IB, 4.8 exo-shift for group IIA, 4.1 exo-shift for group IIB, and 1.5 hyper-shift for group III. Only for groups IIA and IIB were these drifts found to differ significantly from zero. Based on these drift patterns, we align ET patients to orthotropia, XT patients to 5 to 7Δ esotropie, and HT patients to 1 to 2Δ hypotropic positions.
Unilateral Superior Rectus Recession for the Treatment of Dissociated Vertical Deviation
Authors: Schwartz Terry , Scott William 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The management of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is an unsettled issue. Several authors have advocated bilateral superior rectus recession for all patients with DVD unless a dense amblyopia is present in the nonfixating eye. Our experience suggested that DVD was being successfully treated with unilateral bilateral superior rectus recession. We reviewed the charts of 57 patients who underwent graded unilateral superior rectus recession and 10 patients who had bilateral superior rectus recession for the treatment of DVD. DVD, a manifest deviation, was considered as distinct from occlusion hyperphoria, a latent deviation present only under cover.
Of the patients who underwent unilateral superior rectus recession, only six developed a significant (14 prism diopters or more) DVD in the unoperated eye. The presence of any DVD in the unoperated eye appeared to be predictive of an unacceptable postoperative deviation (15 times greater chance, P < .001). Patients with an occlusion hyperphoria in the unoperated eye showed no increased propensity to develop a significant DVD following surgery. The results of bilateral surgery were disappointing. Eight of ten patients had residual DVD in one or both eyes of 10Δ or greater. Our results suggest that unilateral surgery is an effective treatment of DVD in patients with a manifest deviation in only one eye. Although neither unilateral nor bilateral surgery was entirely satisfactory for the treatment of bilateral DVD, we recommend bilateral superior rectus recession for these patients.
Strabismus Fixus Convergens Secondary to Amyloidosis
Authors: Sharma Pradeep , Gupta N K , Arora Roopa , Prakash Prem 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Strabismus fixus convergens is a condition in which both eyes become fixed in extreme adduction. It can be congenital or acquired. We report a case of strabismus fixus convergens in a high myope with primary amyloidosis localized to the lateral rectus muscle. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of strabismus fixus convergens secondary to amyloidosis.
Chorioretinal Lacuna in the Amniotic Band Syndrome
Authors: Hashemi Kattayoon , Traboulsi Elias I , Chavis Richard , Scribanu Nina , Chrousos Georgia A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The malformations in the amniotic band syndrome (ABS) are due to entrapment of fetal parts by fibrous band in the amniotic sac.1 Limbs are most commonly affected followed by craniofacial defects in one third of patients.2 Ocular defects include corneal leukomas and lid colobomas often contiguous with facial clefts,3 strabismus, hypertelorism, and microphthalmos.4 Unilateral chorioretinal defects or lacunae are rare findings in the ABS.4,7 We report a female infant with such a lacunar defect along with central nervous abnormalities, and discuss the differential diagnosis and the embryopathic implications.
Early Correction of Severe Congenital Ptosis
Authors: Saunders Richard A , Grice Charlene M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twelve infants with severe unilateral or bilateral congenital ptosis were surgically repaired before 1 year of age in an attempt to achieve early functional and cosmetic improvement. In all cases, a frontalis suspension using polyfilament nylon suture (Supramid Extra) was performed. Postoperatively, 10 patients achieved near normal eyelid position and all had resolution of their chin-up head posture. Two slings eventually failed, requiring repeat procedures for recurrent ptosis. Two developed signs of cellulitis that were successfully treated with oral antibiotics.
Congenital Ocular Fibrosis With Musculoskeletal Abnormality: A New Association
Authors: Kishore Kamal , Kumar Harsh 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two siblings demonstrated an association of congenital ocular fibrosis (COF) syndrome with musculoskeletal abnormalities consisting of generalized muscle wasting, scoliosis, pigeon-chest deformity, bilateral fusion of the ribs in triplets, prominent coccyx, and sacral dimple. While most of the ocular and systemic "associations" hitherto described in the literature might have been coincidental, the coexistence of a generalized musculoskeletal disease with the COF syndrome raises the possibility that the ocular condition may be part of a more widespread disease process affecting the skeletal muscles.
Visual Fields in 4- to 10-Year-Old Children Using Goldmann and Double-Arc Perimeters
Authors: Quinn Graham E , Fea Antonio M , Minguini Nilza 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the comparison of field extent measured using two kinetic perimeters: 1) a double-arc perimeter developed by van Hot-van Duin for use in infants and young children, and 2) the standard Goldmann apparatus. Targets used were the V-4-e target on the Goldmann and both 2- and 6-degree targets on the double-arc perimeter. Visual fields were measured by assessing looking responses toward targets presented in a pseudorandom order at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°. Fifty-six children (mean age: 6.8 years, range: 4 to 10 years) were tested, with retests undertaken In 20%. The extent of total field size was highly correlated among the three tests (P < .001) and test-retest reliability was high for all three targets (P < .001). Our previous observation of continued growth with age in visual field extent using the 6-degree target in 4- to 10-year-old children was confirmed and also seen with the 2-degree target in arc perimetry and with the V-4-e in the Goldmann apparatus. Kinetic perimetry using a double-arc perimeter with 2and 6-degree target sizes appears reliable and comparable, in the four meridie tested, to conventional kinetic perimetry techniques in 4- to 10-year-old children.
Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Authors: Sivalingam Arunan , Augsburger James , Perilongo George , Zimmerman Robert , Barabas Gabor 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a young patient with combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium who developed bilateral acoustic neuromas and men ing iomas of the cervical-medullary junction and fifth cranial nerve. This case illustrates the association between combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium and neurofibromatosis type 2. The authors recommend that children with a combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium be screened for neurofibromatosis type 2.
Occult Duane Syndrome: Co-contraction Revealed Following Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Elsas Frederick J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three patients presented in infancy with large angle esotropia and limited abduction. Narrowing of the lid fissures with globe retraction on horizontal gaze became apparent only after recession of the medial recti. Abduction remained limited. Two of the three exhibited dissociated vertical deviations, and seemed to have both congenital esotropia and Duane syndrome. The third had an unusual pattern of apparent co-contraction in which the eye attempting abduction actually adducted. Although rare, Duane syndrome may occur in children with large angle esotropia, and its presence may not be revealed until after strabismus surgery.
Diagnosis of Amblyopia Using the 10-Diopter Fixation Test: A Proposed Modification for Patients With Unilateral Ptosis
Authors: Whittaker K W , O'Flynn E , Manners R M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: The 10-diopter (D) fixation test is a useful test for detecting amblyopia in children without a manifest deviation and in whom 3 reliable visual acuity assessment is difficult. The 1 0 prism diopter is conventionally placed base down.
Methods: Seventeen children were studied over a 12-month period to determine the effect of prism orientation on the accuracy of the 10-D fixation test in children with unilateral ptosis.
Results: Anomalous results were obtained in 4 of ? 7 patients with the prism held base up and base down.
Conclusions: To prevent an erroneous diagnosis of amblyopia in children with unilateral ptosis, the prism should be held base up when performing the 1 0-D fixation test.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:21-23.
e - Consults
Authors: Ruttum Mark , Alcorn Deborah 
Published: April 2021

Our Column Editors prepared a patient case for virtual consultation - the patient's history, physical examination, and pertinent photos are e-mailed to colleages for a discussion of their individual treatment choices.
In this column, Mark Ruttum presents a case of a 6-year-old girl with convergence insufficiency syndrome with intermittent exotropia. Cynthia W. Avilla, CO; Mohamad S. Jaafar, MD; and Wendy Marsh-Tootle, OD, served as "consultants" and share their diagnosis and treatment options.
Relationship Between Serum Inositol Concentration and Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Prospective Study
Authors: Friedman Charles A , McVey John , Borne Michael J , James Maurice , May Warren L , Temple David M , Robbins Kenny K , Miller C Jason , Rawson John E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To examine the relationship between the intake of sugar inositol, serum inositol levels, and ROP in three groups of low birthweight infants receiving feedings containing various concentrations of inositol.
Methods: Infants with a birthweight <1 500 g, with severe lung disease, were eligible for the study when they began enteral feedings. Infant formulas contained three different inositol concentrations: 2500, 710, and 242 pmol/L Serum inositol concentrations were averaged over specific time intervals. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the confounding effect of duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy, birthweight, Apgar score, and serum inositol concentration on development of ROP.
Results: Infants receiving high inositol formula and with higher serum inositol concentrations at birth and after 30 days had a statistically significant lower incidence of severe ROP than those receiving the lower inositol formula and with lower serum concentrations (P<.05). The effective serum inositol concentration (EC90) associated with lesser disease was >215 pmol/L By logistic regression, the odds of developing severe ROP were greater among infants with low serum inositol concentration (odds ratio=4.7, 95% confidence interval 0.90-24.8, P=.01 7).
Conclusion: Inositol supplementation may help prevent the most severe form of ROP.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:79-86.
Botulinum Treatment of Infantile Esotropia With Abduction Nystagmus
Authors: Ruiz Miguel F , Moreno María , Sánchez-Garrido Carmen M , Rodríguez José M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To examine the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) on the final correction of esotropia, A and V patterns, overaction of the oblique muscles, and dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) in infantile esotropia with nystagmus in abduction.
Methods: This retrospective study examined 54 patients treated with simultaneous bilateral medial injection of BTA. Subjects were divided into two groups: group 1 (first injection <1 8 months of age) and group 2 (first injection >18 months of age).
Results: Pre-BTA, group 1 patients had an angle of esotropia noticeably higher and fewer A patterns than group 2 patients. Post-BTA, group 2 received significantly fewer injections of BTA than group 1. The magnitude of the A patterns improved. Prior frequency of DVD increased significantly in group 1 (100%): 79% of DVD was decompensated compared with 47% in group 2. Overall success was obtained in 14% and 58% of groups 1 and 2, respectively.
Conclusion: We do not support BTA treatment in infantile esotropia with nystagmus in abduction prior to age 18 months. After 18 months, the horizontal results are excellent and neither the incidence nor the degree of previous DVD are decompensated, resulting in high success rates for overall deviation and improving anisotropy in A.
Journal of Pedatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:196-205.
A New Model for the Mental Health Nursing Change of Shift Report
Authors: Priest Chad S , Holmberg Sharon K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nursing shift reports are intended to enhance the continuity and quality of nursing care delivered by providing results of nursing assessments, summarizing medical information, and drawing attention to specific nursing interventions and goals anticipated during the upcoming shift. In this article, contemporary literature on shift reports is reviewed with specific attention to the unique characteristics and problems that commonly occur in change of shift reports in a mental health setting. The framework proposed is Gordon's functional health patterns because it provides a holistic structure for organizing patient data in a clear, objective manner. Additional methods for enhancing shift reports are recommended, including the use of specific behavioral descriptions, the inclusion of data from targeted nursing assessments, and the discussion of alternative care approaches that support the development of consistent, collaborative nursing interventions across shifts. A case example is used for demonstration.
COMBINED Group Process-Psychoeducation Model for Psychiatric Clients and Their Families
Authors: Rindner Ellen C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent studies have been conducted to examine the efficacy of a combined group process and psychoeducation model for psychiatric clients and their families, and have found the combined model to be both cost and time efficient for inpatient and outpatient treatment settings. Psychiatric advanced practice nurses (APNs) are in a key position to lead these combined groups because of their dual training in group process and psychoeducation. However, although many APNs have expertise leading either type of group, most may not have expertise in combining the two. The purpose of this article is to familiarize APNs with the skill sets needed to manage group process and its inherent conflicts, while simultaneously teaching didactic material in the combined model.
Viability of Bacteria in Glycerin and Ethanol Preserved Sclera
Authors: Dailey John R , Rosenwasser George O D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sclera is commonly preserved in glycerin or ethanol before being used for ophthalmic surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of bacteria to survive in sclera preserved in glycerin or ethanol.
METHODS: Fresh sclera was inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and transferred to preservative vials containing glycerin, 95% ethanol, or trypticase soy broth (control) and stored at room temperature. Pieces of sclera were removed from preservative at designated intervals over a 14-day period. The sclera was then homogenized, plated on blood agar, and incubated at 37° C. Colonies were counted at 24, 48, and 72 hours.
RESULTS: S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus were recovered from glycerin preserved sclera for up to 12 hours, 1.5 days, and 8 days, respectively. No bacteria was recovered from the ethanol preserved sclera.
CONCLUSIONS: Bacteria cannot be recovered from ethanol preserved sclera but can survive in glycerin preserved sclera for at least 8 days. Ethanol may offer advantages over glycerin as a scleral preservative due to its greater antibacterial activity. [Refract Corneal Surg. 1 994; 1 0:38-40.)
Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Intrastromal Corneal Rings Explanted From Nonfunctional Human Eyes
Authors: Quantock Andrew J , Assil Kerry K , Schanzlin David J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: lntrastromal corneal rings (ICRs) often exhibit small deposits in association with their suture holes. We assessed the morphology of four such deposits.
METHODS: Four ICRs, explanted from nonfunctional human eyes, were examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS: The surface of the suture hole deposits consisted of a disorganized convolution of collagenous lamellae. Within individual lamellae, however, the collagen fibrils tended to orientate parallel with one another. The deposits consisted of an amorphous material interspersed with curved cellular processes, collagen fibrils of variable diameter, and proteoglycan macromolecules.
CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the mechanism which regulates stromal remodeling is amended in the region of the ICR suture holes. Due to their location, suture hole deposits have no optical significance; however, evaluation of their morphology provides insights into the wound-healing properties of the corneal stroma following ICR insertion. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:142-148.]
OmniMed II: A New System For Use With the emphasis Erodible Mask
Authors: Friedman Marc D , Bittenson Steven , Brodsky Larry , Dansereau Jeff , Gauthier Vicky , Greco Mark , Johnsson N M Fredrik , Krauss Ray 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Clinical experience has shown the emphasis erodible mask to be an effective method for performing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using an eyecup placed in contact with the corneal surface. A new system (OmniMed II) which incorporates the ei'odible mask as an element in the optical delivery system has been developed for performing photorefractive keratectomy. With this new configuration the eyecup is no longer used. We describe in detail the advantages of the erodible mask, the associated hardware of the optical delivery system, and the mask shape transfer process. [J Refract Corneal Surg 1994;10:S267-S273.]
Corneal Epithelial Dots Following Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Busin Massimo , Meller Daniel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Map-dot-fingerprint epithelial changes of the cornea have been reported to occur as a consequence of trauma or surgical procedures, such as radial keratotomy.
METHODS: We describe a case of dot-like changes in the corneal epithelium following excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for the correction of myopia. Because the lesions were located centrally, possibly reducing visual acuity, the epithelium was removed mechanically.
RESULTS: Dot-like changes recurred in the same areas 4 weeks after epithelial debridement. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/200 to 20/100 and remained stable thereafter.
CONCLUSIONS: Photorefractive keratectomy can lead to abnormal regeneration of epithelium basement membrane, possibly resulting in dot-like changes of corneal epithelium. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:357-359.]