bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feed Resources and their Development for Raising Buffaloes in Arid Regions of India
Authors: Singh Gitam , Singh Supriya , Sharma Khushboo , Sharma L.K. , Kumar Alok 
Published: December 2024

India possesses about 2.27 % of the World’s 13062 million hectares of total land area. About 10 % of the total land area of the country is arid and 30 % semi-arid. The arid zone is mostly confined to the States of Rajasthan and Gujarat while the semi-arid zone is spread over the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. Rajasthan has the maximum (73.60%) of the total arid and semi-arid area followed by Gujarat (29.50 %) and Andhra Pradesh (21.50 %). The annual rainfall in the arid region varies from 10 to 40 cm, quite often erratic, so much so that the entire rainfall of the year may fall on a single day and rest of the year may go dry. The summer temperatures may be as high as 490 C during day and fall to less than 200 C during night. In winters, the day temperatures are higher but the night temperatures may be near freezing point. The buffalo population that had been 22 % in 1951 is now more than 30 % of the total bovine population. Rajasthan state with 53.17 million has about 11.50 % of the country’s total livestock population. This includes about 12.16 million cattle, 9.76 million buffaloes, 14.31 million sheep and 16.94 million goats. The total land area of the country is around 304 million hectares. Of the total area, about 22.5 % is under forest cover, 3.6 % is under permanent pasture, 1.2 % is under tree crops and groves, 6.2 5 % is barren and uncultivable land, 4.5 % is under waste lands and 8.0 % is under fallow lands. Buffaloes in arid and semi-arid areas are reared under three main feeding management systems, extensive, semi-intensive and intensive. The advance pregnant buffaloes are supplemented with green fodder of Lucerne, Barseem, and/or Oats during winter season, while green Sorghum or Pearl millet during summer. In rainy season, the advance pregnant buffaloes are fed with ad libitum green fodder. The areas in arid and semi‑arid regions that cannot support crop production may be identified, developed through reseeding with perennial grasses and legumes and plantation of fodder trees and utilized for buffalo production with low investment.
Enzyme Mimics for Engineered Biomimetic Cascade Nanoreactors: Mechanism, Applications, and Prospects
Authors: Zhang Xianlong , Li Guoliang , Chen Guang , Wu Di , Wu Yongning , James Tony D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultiple enzyme‐driven biological catalytic cascades occur in living organisms, guiding highly efficient and selective transformations of substrates. Inspired by the merits of these biological catalytic cascade systems, enormous efforts have been devoted to developing novel cascade catalytic systems to mimic biological cascade catalytic reactions over the past few years. Nanozymes, a class of enzyme mimics, are nanomaterials with enzyme‐like catalytic activity. The emergence and development of nanozymes has significantly advanced the development of biomimetic cascade nanoreactors. Currently, biomimetic cascade nanoreactors driven by advanced nanozymes have been widely used and exhibit many advantages such as superior cascade catalytic efficiency and high stability, resulting in significant advancements in biosensing and biomedical applications. The latest advances in understanding the cascade catalytic mechanism of nanozyme‐engineered biomimetic cascade catalytic nanoreactors and their progressive applications for biosensing and biomedical applications are comprehensively covered here. First, nanozyme and enzyme/nanozyme‐engineered biomimetic cascade catalytic nanoreactors are categorized according to their catalytic mechanism and properties. Then, the biosensing and biomedical applications, including cancer therapy, antibacterial activity, antioxidation, and hyperuricemia therapy of the cascade catalytic systems are covered. The conclusion describes the most important challenges and opportunities remaining in this exciting area of research.
Fabrication of Smart Tantalum Carbide MXene Quantum Dots with Intrinsic Immunomodulatory Properties for Treatment of Allograft Vasculopathy
Authors: Rafieerad Alireza , Yan Weiang , Alagarsamy Keshav Narayan , Srivastava Abhay , Sareen Niketa , Arora Rakesh C. , Dhingra Sanjiv 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMXene nanomaterials have sparked significant interest among interdisciplinary researchers to tackle today's medical challenges. In particular, colloidal MXene quantum dots (MQDs) offer the high specific surface area and compositional flexibility of MXene while providing improvements to aqueous stability and material–cell interactions. The current study for the first time reports the development and application of immunoengineered tantalum‐carbide (Ta4C3Tx) MQDs for in vivo treatment of transplant vasculopathy. This report comes at a critical juncture in the field as poor long‐term safety of other MXene compositions challenge the eventual clinical translatability of these materials. Using rational design and synthesis strategies, the Ta4C3Tx MQDs leverage the intrinsic anti‐inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties of tantalum to provide a novel nanoplatform for biomedical engineering. In particular, these MQDs are synthesized with high efficiency and purity using a facile hydrofluoric acid‐free protocol and are enriched with different bioactive functional groups and stable surface TaO2 and Ta2O5. Furthermore, MQDs are spontaneously uptaken into antigen‐presenting endothelial cells and alter surface receptor expression to reduce their activation of allogeneic T‐lymphocytes. Finally, when applied in vivo, Ta4C3Tx MQDs ameliorate the cellular and structural changes of early allograft vasculopathy. These findings highlight the robust potential of tailored Ta4C3Tx MQDs for future applications in medicine.
Charge‐Guided Micro/Nano‐Hydrogel Microsphere for Penetrating Cartilage Matrix
Authors: Lin Feng , Wang Zhen , Xiang Lei , Deng Lianfu , Cui Wenguo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe dense structure and the high‐density negative charge of the cartilage matrix impede drug penetration into the cartilage. Effectively breaking through these barriers and transporting target drugs to the cartilage is currently difficult. Herein, an adhesive hydrogel microsphere characterized by its positively charged nanosized secondary structure that allows it to penetrate deep into the cartilage through charge guidance is introduced as an efficient drug delivery system for cartilage adhesion, cartilage matrix penetration, and chondrocytes targeting and solves the problem of drug‐penetration impedance due to cartilage. The dopamine‐modified structure on the surface of the microspheres can attach the microspheres onto the cartilage surface, while the charge‐guided secondary structure can carry drugs to penetrate the cartilage matrix, release drugs under reactive oxygen species stimulation, act on chondrocytes. The experiments show that the injectable microspheres successfully deliver antioxidants to chondrocytes in osteoarthritis environments. The apoptosis rate of chondrocytes under oxidative stress decreases from 38.36 ± 5.48% to 12.86 ± 4.27%, which is significantly better than that in the direct drug treatment group (28.43 ± 5.87%). The micro/nano‐hydrogel microsphere effectively penetrates the cartilage matrix and releases the drug in ROS response, realizing the improvement of drug utilization and efficacy and thereby demonstrating the efficient delivery of cartilage drugs.
Extrinsic Macrophages Protect While Tendon Progenitors Degrade: Insights from a Tissue Engineered Model of Tendon Compartmental Crosstalk
Authors: Stauber Tino , Wolleb Maja , Duss Anja , Jaeger Patrick K. , Heggli Irina , Hussien Amro A. , Blache Ulrich , Snedeker Jess G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTendons are among the most mechanically stressed tissues of the body, with a functional core of type‐I collagen fibers maintained by embedded stromal fibroblasts known as tenocytes. The intrinsic load‐bearing core compartment of tendon is surrounded, nourished, and repaired by the extrinsic peritendon, a synovial‐like tissue compartment with access to tendon stem/progenitor cells as well as blood monocytes. In vitro tendon model systems generally lack this important feature of tissue compartmentalization, while in vivo models are cumbersome when isolating multicellular mechanisms. To bridge this gap, an improved in vitro model of explanted tendon core stromal tissue (mouse tail tendon fascicles) surrounded by cell‐laden collagen hydrogels that mimic extrinsic tissue compartments is suggested. Using this model, CD146+ tendon stem/progenitor cell and CD45+F4/80+ bone‐marrow derived macrophage activity within a tendon injury‐like niche are recapitulated. It is found that extrinsic stromal progenitors recruit to the damaged core, contribute to an overall increase in catabolic ECM gene expression, and accelerate the decrease in mechanical properties. Conversely, it is found that extrinsic bone‐marrow derived macrophages in these conditions adopt a proresolution phenotype that mitigates rapid tissue breakdown by outwardly migrated tenocytes and F4/80+ “tenophages” from the intrinsic tissue core.
Photosensitizer with High Efficiency Generated in Cells via Light‐Induced Self‐Oligomerization of 4,6‐Dibromothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene Compound Entailing a Triphenyl Phosphonium Group
Authors: Wang Lingna , Huang Yanyan , Yu Yingjie , Zhong Huifei , Xiao Haihua , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an attractive alternative in cancer therapy, but therapeutic effects suffer from low photosensitizing efficiency and poor retention of photosensitizes in cancer cells. This paper reports the photosensitizers which show absorption and emission in the long‐wavelength region and high photosensitizing efficiency can be formed in situ in cells from 4,6‐dibromothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene derivative (TT‐5‐P) after white light irradiation. The self‐oligomerization of TT‐5‐P is uptaken in cells upon light irradiation‐induced cell apoptosis simultaneously and efficiently. In addition, the formation of oligomers (TT‐5‐Ps) enhances the retention time in cells remarkably, which is advantageous for boosting the photodynamic therapy efficiency. Moreover, the selectivity toward tumor cells of TT‐5‐P can be improved obviously via the formation of complex of TT‐5‐P with albumin. This in situ photoinduced self‐oligomerization strategy can be utilized to design effective biomaterials for long‐term imaging and improved therapy.
A Redox‐Responsive Nanovaccine Combined with A2A Receptor Antagonist for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Yan Peng , Luo Yang , Li Xinyang , Li Yingmin , Wang Yi , Wu Jian , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn situ vaccination can trigger an antitumor immune response. However, the therapeutic effect is still limited since the high expression of adenosine binding to G protein‐coupled receptor A2AR induces an immunosuppressive effect. In this work, a new formulation is presented with the combination of a nanovaccine based on redox‐responsive polymer micelles and A2AR antagonist SCH58261. The micelles simultaneously encapsulate immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer doxorubicin (DOX) and adjuvant toll‐like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonist R848, acting as the potent in situ vaccines. A high concentration of glutathione in tumor cells leads to the disintegration of these micelles, releasing DOX and R848 to mediate ICD, inducing the activation of dendritic cells and initiating an immune response. Meanwhile, A2AR antagonist SCH58261, a generation immune checkpoint blocker, inhibits the immunosuppressive adenosinergic pathway in the tumor microenvironment, activating natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells, and inhibiting the proliferation of regulatory T cells. Therefore, this formulation can trigger a robust systemic antitumor immune response.
Spherical Nucleic Acid Vaccine Structure Markedly Influences Adaptive Immune Responses of Clinically Utilized Prostate Cancer Targets
Authors: Teplensky Michelle H. , Dittmar Jasper W. , Qin Lei , Wang Shuya , Evangelopoulos Michael , Zhang Bin , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCancer vaccines, which activate the immune system against a target antigen, are attractive for prostate cancer, where multiple upregulated protein targets are identified. However, many clinical trials implementing peptides targeting these proteins have yielded suboptimal results. Using spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), we explore how precise architectural control of vaccine components can activate a robust antigen‐specific immune response in comparison to clinical formulations of the same targets. The SNA vaccines incorporate peptides for human prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) or T‐cell receptor γ alternate reading frame protein (TARP) into an optimized architecture, resulting in high rates of immune activation and cytolytic ability in humanized mice and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Specifically, administered SNAs elevate the production and secretion of cytokines and increase polyfunctional cytotoxic T cells and effector memory. Importantly, T cells raised from immunized mice potently kill targets, including clinically relevant cells expressing the whole PSMA protein. Treatment of hPBMCs increases costimulatory markers and cytolytically active T cells. This work demonstrates the importance of vaccine structure and its ability to reformulate and elevate clinical targets. Moreover, it encourages the field to reinvestigate ineffective peptide targets and repackage them into optimally structured vaccines to harness antigen potency and enhance clinical outcomes.
Extracellular Matrix‐Mimetic Hydrogels for Treating Neural Tissue Injury: A Focus on Fibrin, Hyaluronic Acid, and Elastin‐Like Polypeptide Hydrogels
Authors: Nelson Derek W. , Gilbert Ryan J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeurological and functional recovery is limited following central nervous system injury and severe injury to the peripheral nervous system. Extracellular matrix (ECM)‐mimetic hydrogels are of particular interest as regenerative scaffolds for the injured nervous system as they provide 3D bioactive interfaces that modulate cellular response to the injury environment and provide naturally degradable scaffolding for effective tissue remodeling. In this review, three unique ECM‐mimetic hydrogels used in models of neural injury are reviewed: fibrin hydrogels, which rely on a naturally occurring enzymatic gelation, hyaluronic acid hydrogels, which require chemical modification prior to chemical crosslinking, and elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP) hydrogels, which exhibit a temperature‐sensitive gelation. The hydrogels are reviewed by summarizing their unique biological properties, their use as drug depots, and their combination with other biomaterials, such as electrospun fibers and nanoparticles. This review is the first to focus on these three ECM‐mimetic hydrogels for their use in neural tissue engineering. Additionally, this is the first review to summarize the use of ELP hydrogels for nervous system applications. ECM‐mimetic hydrogels have shown great promise in preclinical models of neural injury and future advancements in their design and use can likely lead to viable treatments for patients with neural injury.
Superior Sodium Storage Properties in the Anode Material NiCr2S4 for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: An X‐ray Diffraction, Pair Distribution Function, and X‐ray Absorption Study Reveals a Conversion Mechanism via Nickel Extrusion
Authors: Hartmann Felix , Etter Martin , Cibin Giannantonio , Liers Lina , Terraschke Huayna , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe pseudo‐layered sulfide NiCr2S4 exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance as anode material in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The Na storage mechanism is investigated by synchrotron‐based X‐ray scattering and absorption techniques as well as by electrochemical measurements. A very high reversible capacity in the 500th cycle of 489 mAh g−1 is observed at 2.0 A g−1 in the potential window 3.0–0.1 V. Full discharge includes irreversible generation of Ni0 and Cr0 nanoparticles embedded in nanocrystalline Na2S yielding shortened diffusion lengths and predominantly surface‐controlled charge storage. During charge, Ni0 and Cr0 are oxidized, Na2S is consumed, and amorphous Ni and Cr sulfides are formed. Limiting the potential window to 3.0–0.3 V an unusual nickel extrusion sodium insertion mechanism occurs: Ni2+ is reduced to nanosized Ni0 domains, expelled from the host lattice, and is replaced by Na+ cations to form O3‐type like NaCrS2. Surprisingly, the discharge and charge processes comprise Na+ shuttling between highly crystalline NiCr2S4 and NaCrS2 enabling a superior long‐term stability for 3000 cycles. The results not only provide valuable insights for the electrochemistry of conversion materials but also extend the scope of layered electrode materials considering the reversible nickel extrusion sodium insertion reaction as new concept for SIBs.
Sensing Molecules with Metal–Organic Framework Functionalized Graphene Transistors
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Pramudya Yohanes , Müller Kai , Chandresh Abhinav , Dehm Simone , Heidrich Shahriar , Fediai Artem , Parmar Devang , Perera Delwin , Rommel Manuel , Heinke Lars , Wenzel Wolfgang , Wöll Christof , Krupke Ralph 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGraphene is inherently sensitive to vicinal dielectrics and local charge distributions, a property that can be probed by the position of the Dirac point in graphene field‐effect transistors. Exploiting this as a useful sensing principle requires selectivity; however, graphene itself exhibits no molecule‐specific interaction. Complementarily, metal–organic frameworks can be tailored to selective adsorption of specific molecular species. Here, a selective ethanol sensor is demonstrated by growing a surface‐mounted metal–organic framework (SURMOF) directly onto graphene field‐effect transistors (GFETs). Unprecedented shifts of the Dirac point, as large as 15 V, are observed when the SURMOF/GFET is exposed to ethanol, while a vanishingly small response is observed for isopropanol, methanol, and other constituents of the air, including water. The synthesis and conditioning of the hybrid materials sensor with its functional characteristics are described and a model is proposed to explain the origin, magnitude, and direction of the Dirac point voltage shift. Tailoring multiple SURMOFs to adsorb specific gases on an array of such devices thus generates a versatile, selective, and highly sensitive platform for sensing applications.
Internal–External Stabilization Strategies Enable Ultrastable and Highly Luminescent CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Aqueous Fe3+ Detection and Information Encryption
Authors: Guan Jie , Shen Ying‐zhuo , Shu Yun , Jin Dangqin , Xu Qin , Hu Xiao‐Ya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) makes them promising candidates in optoelectronics. However, the easy loss of structural integrity and fast chemical degradation upon exposure to moisture influence their reliable applications in aqueous solutions. Here, a hierarchical surface construction strategy is rationally designed to fulfill an internal–external stabilization of PNCs. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) have been demonstrated stabilized PNCs internally by eliminating the proton transfer‐induced ligand desorption. Meanwhile, CTAB acts as a cationic surfactant in consolidating the subsequent SiO2 coating to prevent the PNCs from external environments. Based on the resulted PNCs, a sensitive and selective fluorescence film sensor for Fe3+ detection is successfully constructed. The fluorescence of PNCs at 525 nm is quenched after the addition of Fe3+ in the concentration range from 770 pm to 411 µm. As Fe3+ ions attached to the surface of the film are removed with water, the fluorescence of the film can be easily recovered. Owing to this character, the application of the PNCs toward the confidential information encryption has been proved. This work provides an effective design strategy to improve the stability of PNCs and extends their applications in sensing and encryption areas.
BAR‐Based Multi‐Dimensional Nonequilibrium Pulling for Indirect Construction of QM/MM Free Energy Landscapes: Varying the QM Region
Authors: Sun Zhaoxi , Liu Zhirong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe indirect free energy simulation at quantum mechanics (QM)/ molecular mechanics (MM) levels provides a feasible alternative to direct QM/MM simulations. The main idea under the indirect method is constructing a thermodynamic cycle, exploring the configurational space under a cheaper but less accurate QM level, and performing an alchemical correction to obtain the thermodynamics under an accurate but computationally demanding QM level. In the authors' previous works, a multi‐dimensional nonequilibrium free energy simulation framework was developed to obtain QM/MM free energy landscapes indirectly, where the QM theory is varied but the other details of the multi‐scale treatment remain unchanged. In this work, the possibility of changing the region for electronic structure calculations in the multi‐scale treatment is explored. Numerical tests are performed for the conformational change in a biologically relevant peptide in vacuo and in solution, and the QM region and QM level are varied simultaneously. Unidirectional and bidirectional equilibrium perturbations are also performed for comparison. The indirect estimates from the nonequilibrium perturbation framework are almost identical to the direct results, while the indirect equilibrium estimates show obvious deviations from the direct references. They further derive the acceleration ratio of the indirect scheme to understand when the indirect scheme prevails.
Hydrosulfide (HS−) Recognition and Sensing in Water by Halogen Bonding Hosts
Authors: Mitchell Edward J. , Beecroft Adam J. , Martin Jonathan , Thompson Sally , Marques Igor , Félix Vítor , Beer Paul D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a crucial signalling role in a variety of physiological systems, existing as the hydrosulfide anion (HS−) at physiological pH. Combining the potency of halogen bonding (XB) for anion recognition in water with coumarin fluorophore incorporation in acyclic host structural design, the first XB receptors to bind and, more importantly, sense the hydrosulfide anion in pure water in a reversible chemosensing fashion are demonstrated. The XB receptors exhibit characteristic selective quenching of fluorescence upon binding to HS−. Computational DFT and molecular dynamics simulations in water corroborate the experimental anion binding observations, revealing the mode and nature of HS− recognition by the XB receptors.
Hydroboration of alkynylchlorosilanes as an efficient route for the synthesis of SiNNB heterocycles
Authors: Khan Ezzat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlkenylsilanes bearing chlorosilyl and boryl groups geminally attached to a carbon atom ((E)‐3‐(9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐9‐yl)‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐(trichlorosilyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐amine, 1, (1‐(9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐9‐yl)‐3,3‐dimethylbut‐1‐en‐1‐yl)dichloro (phenyl)silane, 2, (1‐(9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐9‐yl)‐2‐phenylvinyl) chloro (methyl)(phenyl)silane, 3, (1‐(9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐9‐yl)hex‐1‐en‐1‐yl)trichlorosilane, 4) are accessible by hydroboration of the corresponding alkynylsilanes. Only the vinyl group of 1 adopted E configuration, which may be favored by ring closure via an intramolecular B–N bonding interaction. Compounds 2–4 reacted with N‐trimethylsilylpyrazole and N‐2‐(trimethylsilylamino)pyridine by elimination of ClSiMe3 and formation of Si–N bonds. Intramolecular donor–acceptor interactions between the N and B atoms afforded five‐ and six‐membered heterocycles, which contained Si, N, and B as heteroatoms. A bis(pyrazolyl)silane was isolated upon treatment of a dichlorosilane with two equivalents of trimethylsilylpyrazole.