bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative management of a large brain abscess in a child with severe manifestations: A case report from Syria
Authors: Keblawi Mouhammed Ali , Hamza Amr , Fattal Abdualh , Ghannam Ghina , Rahmeh Ahmad Rami , Rahmeh Sami , Serio Mouhammed Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOtogenic brain abscesses are rare but usually life‐threatening conditions particularly in developing countries. Our patient attended to the emergency department with extremely serious manifestations due to a large brain abscess. The borderline dimensions of the abscess (2.4 cm) with (GCS <12) as well as the lack of surgical capabilities were the factors that addressed to treat her with the available medication only. Fortunately, 2‐year follow‐up did not show any recurrence. This case sheds a light on unusual management of large abscesses in imperfect circumstances, which makes it high educational value.
Nail changes in systemic amyloidosis
Authors: Litaiem Noureddine , Chabchoub Ines , Gara Soumaya , Slouma Maroua , Hamdi Mohamed Salah , Zeglaoui Faten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNail examination must be an essential part of physical examination in our daily clinical practice, as nail changes may be the revealing sign of systemic diseases in the absence of other alarming signs.
Mo‐Doped TiNb2O7 Microspheres as Improved Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lei Chanrong , Qin Xue , Huang Shengyang , Wei Tianyu , Zhang Yuzhe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTiNb2O7 (TNO) is a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries because of its high capacity and long cyclic life. Nevertheless, its practical application is limited by sluggish ionic and electronic conductivity. Alien ion doping is one of the most simple and effective methods to optimize the electrochemical performance of anode materials. Herein, H2MoO4 derived Mo‐doped TiNb2O7 (Mo‐TNO) microspheres have been synthesized via a solvothermal method followed by calcining process. The resulting Mo‐TNO displays an excellent rate capacity (about 200 mAh g−1 at 10 C) and a high capacity retention (80 % after 500 cycles at ∼2.6 C compared with the second cycle). In addition, the H2MoO4‐derived Mo‐TNO still keeps the microsphere shape after 500 cycles at 10 C. These superior properties demonstrate that Mo‐TNO has great application advantages as anode material for lithium‐ion batteries.
Photoinduced Water Oxidation in Chitosan Nanostructures Containing Covalently Linked RuII Chromophores and Encapsulated Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: La Ganga Giuseppina , Puntoriero Fausto , Fazio Enza , Natali Mirco , Nastasi Francesco , Santoro Antonio , Galletta Maurilio , Campagna Sebastiano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe luminophore Ru(bpy)2(dcbpy)2+ (bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine; dcbpy=4,4’‐dicarboxy‐2,2’‐bipyridine) is covalently linked to a chitosan polymer; crosslinking by tripolyphosphate produced Ru‐decorated chitosan fibers (NS‐RuCh), with a 20 : 1 ratio between chitosan repeating units and RuII chromophores. The properties of the RuII compound are unperturbed by the chitosan structure, with NS‐RuCh exhibiting the typical metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) absorption and emission bands of RuII complexes. When crosslinks are made in the presence of IrO2 nanoparticles, such species are encapsulated within the nanofibers, thus generating the IrO2⊂NS‐RuCh system, in which both RuII photosensitizers and IrO2 water oxidation catalysts are within the nanofiber structures. NS‐RuCh and IrO2⊂NS‐RuCh have been characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electronic microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, which indicated a 2 : 1 ratio between RuII chromophores and IrO2 species. Photochemical water oxidation has been investigated by using IrO2⊂NS‐RuCh as the chromophore/catalyst assembly and persulfate anions as the sacrificial species: photochemical water oxidation yields O2 with a quantum yield (Φ) of 0.21, definitely higher than the Φ obtained with a similar solution containing separated Ru(bpy)32+ and IrO2 nanoparticles (0.05) or with respect to that obtained when using NS‐RuCh and “free” IrO2 nanoparticles (0.10). A fast hole‐scavenging process (rate constant, 7×104 s−1) involving the oxidized photosensitizer and the IrO2 catalyst within the IrO2⊂NS‐RuCh system is behind the improved photochemical quantum yield of IrO2⊂NS‐RuCh.
Tracking Reaction Pathways by a Modular Flow Reactor Coupled to Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tripodi Guilherme L. , Derks Max T. G. M. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Roithová Jana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReaction monitoring by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) is a popular method for investigation of reaction mechanisms. Here, we present a new approach based on a coupling between a modular capillary flow reactor and ESI‐MS. The flow reactor allows a sequential adding of the reactants. We demonstrate the approach for oxidation of Ph2S by ArIO catalyzed by [(TPA)Fe(TfO)2] (ArIO=2‐(tBuSO2)C6H4IO, TPA=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine, TfO−=triflate). In steps, we could follow the formation of the reactive iron(IV)oxo complexes, then the oxygen transfer reaction from the iron(IV)oxo to the sulfide, and finally the reoxidation of the iron complexes. The flow reactor also allows kinetic experiments by changing relative concentrations of the reactants. We could analyze in detail the formation of various [(TPA)FeIVO(X)]2+/+ complexes (X=MeCN, ArI, ArIO, TfO−) and compare their relative reactivity with Ph2S. The [(TPA)FeIVO(MeCN)]2+ complex is the most reactive complex for the oxygen atom transfer reaction whilst [(TPA)FeIVO(ArIO)]2+ prevails in solution under catalytic conditions.
Simulation of a sudden drop‐off in distal dense core vesicle concentration inDrosophilatypeIImotoneuron terminals
Authors: Kuznetsov Ivan A. , Kuznetsov Andrey V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent experimental observations have shown evidence of an unexpected sudden drop‐off in the dense core vesicles (DCVs) content at the ends of certain types of axon endings. This article seeks to determine whether these observations may be explained without modifying the parameters characterizing the ability of distalen passantboutons to capture and accumulate DCVs. We developed a mathematical model that is based on the conservation of captured and transiting DCVs in boutons. The model consists of 77 ordinary differential equations and is solved using a standard Matlab solver. We hypothesize that the drop in DCV content in distal boutons is due to an insufficient supply of anterogradely moving DCVs coming from the soma. As anterogradely moving DCVs are captured (and eventually destroyed) in more proximal boutons on their way to the end of the terminal, the fluxes of anterogradely moving DCVs between the boutons become increasingly smaller, and the most distal boutons are left without DCVs. We tested this hypothesis by modifying the flux of DCVs entering the terminal and found that the number of most distal boutons left unfilled increases if the DCV flux entering the terminal is decreased. The number of anterogradely moving DCVs in the axon can be increased either by the release of a portion of captured DCVs into the anterograde component or by an increase of the anterograde DCV flux into the terminal. This increase could lead to having enough anterogradely moving DCVs such that they could reach the most distal bouton and then turn around by changing molecular motors that propel them. The model suggests that this could result in an increased concentration of resident DCVs in distal boutons beginning with bouton 2 (the most distal is bouton 1). This is because in distal boutons, DCVs have a larger chance to be captured from the transiting state as they pass the boutons moving anterogradely and then again as they pass the same boutons moving retrogradely.
The effect of implant‐abutment connections on peri‐implant bone levels around single implants in the aesthetic zone: A systematic review and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Meijndert Caroliene M. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Vissink Arjan , Delli Konstantina , Meijer Henny J. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review literature about the effect of different implant‐abutment interface designs on peri‐implant bone level changes, implant loss and mid‐buccal mucosa changes around single implants in the anterior maxilla. Reviewing three connection configurations: Platform switched conical (PS‐conical); Platform switched parallel (PS‐parallel); Platform matched parallel (PM‐parallel).MethodsA detailed search was carried out in Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, Open Gray and African journals Online (until December 1, 2020) and was restricted to clinical prospective studies of at least 1 year and with at least 10 human participants. A meta regression analysis was carried out primarily on the pooled peri‐implant bone level changes followed by implant loss and mid‐buccal mucosa level change. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2.0 and ROBINS‐I. The manuscript complied with the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database (ID: 225092).ResultsA total of 5513 hits gave 44 eligible articles for the analyses. Bone level change did not differ significantly between the two platform switched connections; their bone loss scores were significantly lower than PM‐connection. The PS‐conical connections have significantly lower implant losses than the PM connection. Mid‐buccal mucosa level change was comparable between the three connection configurations. Moderate to high risk of bias was detected in the included studies.ConclusionsThe performance of PS‐conical and PS‐parallel connection configurations both favored bone loss scores compared to the PM‐parallel connection configuration. All three demonstrated mid‐buccal mucosa changes that were small and did not differ significantly amongst the groups.
Synergistic Effect of Active Sites of Double‐Atom Catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Sun Chang Ning , Wang Zhi Li , Lang Xing‐You , Wen Zi , Jiang Qing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNitrogen fixation to produce ammonia is a vital process since nitrogen is an essential element for the human body. Industrial nitrogen fixation mainly relies on the Haber‐Bosch process. However, this process requires huge energy consumption and leads to pollution emission. In this study, the behaviors of intermediates in the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) are investigated for fifteen double‐atom catalysts (DACs) through density functional theory calculations, revealing that under the synergistic effect of active sites on appropriate DACs, intermediates can be adsorbed through different configurations according to the activity improvement needs. VFe−N−C shows the best catalytic activity for electrochemical NRR with a limiting potential of −0.36 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. The proposed synergistic effect of active sites on DACs for NRR could provide a new method for design of NRR catalysts.
Integrated Capture and Conversion of CO2 to Methane Using a Water‐lean, Post‐Combustion CO2 Capture Solvent
Authors: Kothandaraman Jotheeswari , Saavedra Lopez Johnny , Jiang Yuan , Walter Eric D. , Burton Sarah D. , Dagle Robert A. , Heldebrant David J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntegrated carbon capture and conversion of CO2 into materials (IC3M) is an attractive solution to meet global energy demand, reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, and lower CO2 emissions. Herein, using a water‐lean post‐combustion capture solvent, [N‐(2‐ethoxyethyl)‐3‐morpholinopropan‐1‐amine] (2‐EEMPA), >90 % conversion of captured CO2 to hydrocarbons, mostly methane, is achieved in the presence of a heterogenous Ru catalyst under relatively mild reaction conditions (170 °C and <15 bar H2 pressure). The catalytic performance was better in 2‐EEMPA than in aqueous 5 m monoethanol amine (MEA). Operando nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study showed in situ formation of N‐formamide intermediate, which underwent further hydrogenation to form methane and other higher hydrocarbons. Technoeconomic analyses (TEA) showed that the proposed integrated process can potentially improve the thermal efficiency by 5 % and reduce the total capital investment and minimum synthetic natural gas (SNG) selling price by 32 % and 12 %, respectively, compared to the conventional Sabatier process, highlighting the energetic and economic benefits of integrated capture and conversion. Methane derived from CO2 and renewable H2 sources is an attractive fuel, and it has great potential as a renewable hydrogen carrier as an environmentally responsible carbon capture and utilization approach.
Propofol promotes migration, alleviates inflammation, and apoptosis of lipopolysaccharide‐induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via upregulating APOM expression
Authors: Wang Li , Tang Xingming , Li Shuping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPropofol (PRO), a clinical potent intravenous anesthetic, plays a significant role in relieving inflammatory diseases by repressing the release of inflammatory cytokines. The present study was aimed to reveal a novel mechanism by which PRO alleviates acute lung injury (ALI). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was utilized to induce human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) so as to simulate the microenvironment of ALI, and the expression of apolipoprotein M (APOM) was examined with western blotting. Then, APOM was silenced and profopol was used to treat the LPS‐injured HPMECs. The cell viability, migration, and apoptosis were respectively observed after the processes of cell counting kit‐8, wound healing, transwell, and TUNEL assay. Meanwhile, the inflammatory response was detected by determining the contents of inflammatory cytokines. Subsequently, the relationship between phosphoinositide‐3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway and PRO was analyzed by western blotting. PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 was employed to evaluate whether the effects of PRO on LPS‐challenged HPMECs injury were mediated by this pathway. Results revealed that APOM was notably downregulated in HPMECs after LPS exposure. PRO treatment promoted cell proliferation and migration while alleviated inflammation and apoptosis of LPS‐treated HPMECs, which was reversed by APOM‐downregulation. PRO brought about the upregulation of proteins in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and LY294002 intervention further accentuated the impacts of APOM‐knockdown on LPS‐challenged HPMECs injury. To conclude, PRO promotes migration and alleviates inflammation and apoptosis of LPS‐treated HPMECs by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via upregulating APOM, which laid an experimental foundation for the future study and clinical application of PRO.
Sequence determination of phosphorothioated oligonucleotides using MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry for controlling gene doping in equestrian sports
Authors: Tozaki Teruaki , Kwak Ho‐Geun , Nakamura Kotono , Takasu Masaki , Ishii Hideaki , Ohnuma Aoi , Kikuchi Mio , Ishige Taichiro , Kakoi Hironaga , Hirota Kei‐ichi , Kusano Kanichi , Hirata Minoru , Nirasawa Takashi , Nagata Shun‐ichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn human and equestrian sporting events, one method of gene doping is the illegal use of therapeutic oligonucleotides to alter gene expression. In this study, we aimed to identify therapeutic oligonucleotides via sequencing using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). As a model of therapeutic oligonucleotides, 22 bp‐long phosphorothioated oligonucleotides (PSOs) were used. By using a Clarity OTX kit for extracting short‐length oligonucleotides, a spectrum of singly charged PSO with a mean intensity of 6.08 × 104 (standard deviation: 4.34 × 103) was detected from 500 pmol PSO in 1 ml horse plasma using the linear negative mode of MALDI‐TOF MS. In addition, a 17 bp sequence was determined using in‐source decay (ISD) mode, indicating that 500 pmol of a PSO in 1 ml plasma is the detection limit for sequencing. Using the determined sequences (17 bp), a targeted gene for PSO was singly identified on the horse reference genome, EquCab2.0, via a GGGenome search. These procedures can be potentially used to identify therapeutic oligonucleotides, whose nucleotides are unknown, for gene doping control.
Procollagen type III amino‐terminal propeptide and insulin‐like growth factor I as biomarkers of growth hormone administration
Authors: Cowan David A. , Moncrieffe Danielle A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe acceptance in 2012 by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) of the biomarker test for human growth hormone (hGH) based on procollagen type III amino‐terminal propeptide (P‐III‐NP) and insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) was perhaps the first time that such a method has been used for forensic purposes. Developing a biomarker test to anti‐doping standards, where the strict liability principle applies, is discussed. An alternative WADA‐accepted approach is based on the measurement of different hGH isoforms, a method that suffers from the very short half‐life of hGH limiting the detection period. Modification or withdrawal of the immunoassays, on which the biomarker measurements largely depend, has necessitated revalidation of the assays, remeasurement of samples and adjustment of the decision limits above which an athlete will be assumed to have administered hGH. When a liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method became a reality for the measurement of IGF‐I, more consistency of results was assured. Measurement of P‐III‐NP is still dependent on immunoassays although work is underway to develop an LC–MS method. The promised long‐term detection time for the biomarker assay does not appear to have been realised in practice, and this is perhaps partly the result of decision limits being set too high. Nevertheless, more robust assays are needed before a further adjustment of the decision limit is warranted. In the meantime, WADA is considering using P‐III‐NP and IGF‐I as components of a biomarker passport system recording data from an individual athlete, rather than the population. Using this approach, smaller perturbations in the growth hormone (GH) score would mandate an investigation and possible action for hGH administration.
Inflammatory dysregulation in women with an eating disorder: Relationships with altered emotional reactivity
Authors: Diaz‐Marsa Marina , MacDowell Karina , de laTorre‐Luque Alejandro , Caso Javier R. , Faya Mar , Gutierrez Silvia , Soto Marta , Pemau Andres , Diaz‐Carracedo Patricia , Carrasco‐Diaz Alvaro , Leza Juan C. , Graell Montserrat , Carrasco Jose L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSome studies suggest that inflammatory signaling dysregulation may contribute to eating disorder (ED) pathophysiology. However, little is known about the influence of inflammatory response on altered processes seen among patients with ED, such as emotional processing and reactivity.ObjectivesThe objectives were: (a) to investigate the systemic inflammatory response in ED women; and (b) to analyze the role of inflammatory markers in emotional reactivity.MethodConcentrations of several intercellular and intracellular inflammatory mediators (cytokines, prostaglandin by‐products and enzymes, TBARS, and MAPK proteins) were quantified in plasma and PBMCs from 68 women with an ED (m = 22.01 years, SD = 9.15) and 35 healthy controls (m = 18.54 years, SD = 4.21). Moreover, emotional reactivity to affective pictures (those without either food or thinness content) was studied using the adult (>18 years old) sample (n = 41).ResultsBetween‐group differences were revealed for most markers (TNF‐α, PGE2, COX2, and ratio of activated MAPK proteins), pointing to increased inflammatory response in patients (p < .01). Women with ED showed heightened emotional reactivity, regardless of picture valence. Principal components derived from inflammatory markers showed an explanatory loading on patient's emotional reaction, in terms of valence and arousal.ConclusionThis study corroborates the altered systemic inflammatory response in patients with ED. The inflammatory dysregulation may contribute to ED phenotype, as seen by its relationship with heightened emotional reactivity, even though the inflammatory markers were not evaluated throughout the emotional reactivity protocol.
Facile and Convergent Synthesis of Highly Fused Oligosiloles by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Stitching Reaction
Authors: Hamada Naoya , Tsuda Tomohiro , Shintani Ryo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA facile and convergent synthesis of highly fused oligosiloles was achieved by utilizing the rhodium‐catalyzed stitching reaction, an efficient synthetic method for ladder‐type π‐conjugated compounds recently developed in our group. Up to 11 rings could be fused together through the formation of 8 new rings in one synthetic operation, and a series of oligosiloles containing up to 21 fused rings in one direction were synthesized. Electrochemical analysis of these compounds revealed that they could accept multiple electrons reversibly under reducing conditions.
Innovative approach for the synthesis of graphene/MnO2 nanocomposites and their electrochemical behavior
Authors: Ossonon Benjamin D. , Tavares Ana C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGraphene‐manganese dioxide composites were prepared using a simple one step method consisting of the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in the presence of KMnO4 in 0.1 м H2SO4 at low temperature. In these conditions, the freshly exfoliated graphene sheets (EG) spontaneously reduce the permanganate ions and EG sheets decorated with MnO2 nanoparticles are obtained. This was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies and thermogravimetric analysis. The electrochemical properties of EG@MnO2 material were investigated and discussed. Electrodes based on the composite material exhibited enhanced capacitive performances compared to those made from pure graphene sheets. This was attributed to the synergic effect between the two components (graphene sheets and manganese dioxide nanoparticles) and to a larger porosity of the EG@MnO2 electrode compared to the EG electrode. Additionally, over 91.6% of original capacitance was retained after 4000 cycles, indicating a very good cycling capability of the composite material. Remarkably, the composite electrode showed promising properties in aqueous medium by exhibiting a large and stable operating voltage up 2 V. The results presented in this article could serve as a guide for improving the energy density of supercapacitors in aqueous media.