bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 infection and human semen: possible modes of contamination and transmission
Authors: Bhattacharya Koushik , Mukhopadhyay Lipika Das , Goswami Ratnadeep , Dutta Sulagna , Sengupta Pallav , Irez Tulay , Hamid Habibah Abdul , Syamal Alak Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has turned into a global pandemic with multitudinous health impacts.

Main body
In light of the higher vulnerability of men to COVID-19 than women, there is rising concerns on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male fertility and possibilities of seminal contamination and transmission. The pandemic has attributed to the brief suspension of many fertility clinics and pathology laboratories, though many remained functional. Few reports reflect that SARS-CoV-2 can contaminate the semen of COVID-19 patients as well as that of recovering patients. The viral invasion into the testis may be due to the disrupted anatomical barriers of the testis by the inflammatory responses, and the persistence of the virus in the semen may be facilitated by the testicular immune privilege. Since SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped RNA virus, it is also theoretically possible that this virus can remain viable in the semen samples even after cryopreservation with liquid nitrogen.

Conclusion
The present review emphasizes the possibilities of seminal dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 and thereby the chances of its sexual transmission. These perceptions and predictions are to facilitate immediate necessary actions to improvise the standard precautionary procedures for laboratory practices, including semen analysis or processing the semen sample for fertility treatments.
Are Cost-of-Care Conversations Best Practice? A Qualitative Study of Oncologists' Attitudes and Practice
Authors: Scott Allison M. , Harrington Nancy Grant 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE: Patients' desire for cost conversations exceeds the incidence of such conversations, and many oncologists report avoiding cost conversations despite reporting willingness to have them. Our objective was to examine oncologists' attitudes toward cost conversations and how those attitudes affect practice. METHODS: An experienced investigator conducted individual interviews with oncologists practicing in Kentucky. Participants were asked about their attitude toward and experience with cost conversations and their advice for discussing cost with patients. Interview transcripts were analyzed by a four-member team using qualitative descriptive analysis to identify themes. RESULTS: Participants were 32 MDs (male = 68.8%) age 31-77 years who were board-certified in medical oncology (53.1%), surgical oncology (25.0%), or radiation oncology (21.9%). We categorized participants into two groups: (1) those who viewed cost conversations as best practice and reported pursuing such conversations (37.5%) and (2) those who viewed cost conversations as not best practice and reported avoiding them (62.5%). Our analysis revealed three parallel themes for each category: Cost conversation attitudes and practice were based on (1) making good treatment decisions, (2) being a good clinician, and (3) having a good relationship with patients. CONCLUSION: Not all oncologists view cost conversations as best practice. To improve cost conversation attitudes and practice, cost conversations can be framed as a strategic tool that—when used well—fosters optimal decision making, professionalism, and the therapeutic relationship.
Guido da Montefeltro and the Tyrants of Romagna in Inferno 27
Authors: Chida Nassime 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article uses historical scholarship on Guido da Montefeltro and medieval Romagna (Franceschini and Vasina) alongside Ovid’s Metamorphosis and the Serventese del 1277 to contextualize the question asked by the soul of Guido (about peace or war in Romagna) and the catalog of tyrants provided by the pilgrim in Inferno 27. It examines how Dante held Guido accountable for the intensification of warfare in Romagna and made an argument for the responsibility of military strategists in the consolidation of urban signorie. Dante’s assessment coincides with current historiography and shows his concerns about the formation of regional states. A recontextualization of Guido’s question reveals the targeted nature of the pilgrim’s response, in which the pilgrim presents Guido with the triumph of his enemies.
Przekład literacki na cztery ręce, czyli o warsztacie niemieckiego tandemu tłumaczy Ksiąg Jakubowych Olgi Tokarczuk
Authors: Majkiewicz Anna 
Published: June 2021

Literary Translation in Four Hands – the Workshop of the German Translation Tandem of Olga Tokarczuk’s The Books of Jacob
The Books of Jacob by Olga Tokarczuk, the Polish Nobel Prize winner in literature, was published in 2014 by Wydawnictwo Literackie (Krakow). The German translation of the novel is the result of the work of the tandem, Lisa Palmes and Lothar Quinkenstein, who by using the TOLEDO platform (Translators in Cultural Exchange) programme of the German Translators Fund, have made a “translation journal” entitled Die Funken der Erlösung. Journal zur Übersetzung des Romans Die Jakobsbücher von Olga Tokarczuk (Kampa) available. Its reading allows us to reconstruct the translation tandem’s successive activities in the preparation for the proper translation process: from the reconstruction of the boundary between history and fiction during the reading of the source texts, through the deconstruction of the image of the main character in the original and its reconstruction in the translation, to the exploration of the colour of the epoch, the polyphonicity and intertextuality of the novel and the definition of their translation strategies.
Smooth multifocal wavefronts with a prescribed mean curvature for visual optics applications
Authors: Barbero Sergio 
Published: June 2021

Multifocal lenses comprising progressive power surfaces are commonly used in contact and intraocular lens designs. Given a visual performance metric, a wavefront engineering approach to design such lenses is based on searching for the optimal wavefront at the exit pupil of the eye. Multifocal wavefronts distribute the energy along the different foci thanks to having a varying mean curvature. Therefore, a fundamental step in the wavefront engineering approach is to generate the wavefront from a prescribed mean curvature function. Conventionally, such a thing is done by superimposing spherical wavefront patches and maybe adding a certain component of spherical aberration to each spherical patch in order to increase the depth-of-field associated with each focus. However, such a procedure does not lead to smooth wavefront solutions and also restricts the type of available multifocal wavefronts. We derive a new, to the best of our knowledge, mathematical method to uniquely construct multifocal wavefronts from mean curvature functions (depending on radial and angular coordinates) under certain numerically justified approximations and restrictions. Additionally, our procedure leads to a particular family of wavefronts (line-umbilical multifocal wavefronts) described by 2 conditions: (1) to be smooth multiplicative separable functions in the radial and angular coordinates; (2) to be umbilical along a specific segment connecting the circle center with its edge. We provide several examples of multifocal wavefronts belonging to this family, including a smooth variant of the so-called light sword element.
Blood coagulation parameter abnormalities in hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Ethiopia
Authors: Araya Shambel , Mamo Mintesnot Aragaw , Tsegay Yakob Gebregziabher , Atlaw Asegdew , Aytenew Aschalew , Hordofa Abebe , Negeso Abebe Edao , Wordofa Moges , Niguse Tirhas , Cheru Mahlet , Tamir Zemenu 
Published: June 2021

Background
Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events are among the complications of Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Abnormal coagulation parameters in COVID-19 patients are important prognostic factors of disease severity. The aim of this study was to analyze coagulation profiles of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 455 Covid-19 patients admitted at Millennium COVID-19 care and treatment center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from July 1- October 23, 2020. Prothrombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and International normalized ratio (INR) were determined on HUMACLOT DUE PLUS® coagulation analyzer (Wiesbaden, Germany). In all statistical analysis of results, p<0.05 was defined as statistically significant.

Result
A prolonged prothrombin time was found in 46.8% of study participants with COVID-19 and a prolonged prothrombin time and elevated INR in 53.3% of study subjects with severe and 51% of critically COVID patients. Thrombocytopenia was detected in 22.1% of COVID-19 patients. 50.5% and 51.3% of COVID-19 patients older than 55 years had thrombocytopenia and prolonged APTT respectively.

Conclusion
In this study, prolonged prothrombin time and elevated INR were detected in more than 50% of severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Thrombocytopenia and prolonged APTT were dominant in COVID-19 patients older than 55 years. Thus, we recommend emphasis to be given for monitoring of platelet count, PT, APTT and INR in hospitalized and admitted COVID-19 patients.
Density of sets with missing differences and applications
Authors: Pandey Ram Krishna , Rai Neha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For a given set M of positive integers, a well-known problem of Motzkin asks to determine the maximal asymptotic density of M-sets, denoted by μ(M), where an M-set is a set of non-negative integers in which no two elements differ by an element in M. In 1973, Cantor and Gordon find μ(M) for |M| ≤ 2. Partial results are known in the case |M| ≥ 3 including some results in the case when M is an infinite set. Motivated by some 3 and 4-element families already discussed by Liu and Zhu in 2004, we study μ(M) for two families namely, M = {a, b,a + b, n(a + b)} and M = {a, b, b − a, n(b − a)}. For both of these families, we find some exact values and some bounds on μ(M). This number theory problem is also related to various types of coloring problems of the distance graphs generated by M. So, as an application, we also study these coloring parameters associated with these families.
Existence on solutions of a class of casual differential equations on a time scale
Authors: Zhao Yige 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we develop the theory of a class of casual differential equations on a time scale. An existence theorem for casual differential equations on a time scale is given under mixed Lipschitz and compactness conditions by the fixed point theorem in Banach algebra due to Dhage. Some fundamental differential inequalities on a time scale are also presented which are utilized to investigate the existence of extremal solutions. The comparison principle on casual differential equations on a time scale is established. Our results in this paper extend and improve some well-known results.
Reeb flow invariant ∗-Ricci operators on trans-Sasakian three-manifolds
Authors: Ma Rongsheng , Pei Donghe 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the ∗-Ricci operators on trans-Sasakian three-manifolds. We find conditions at which ∗- Ricci tensor on trans-Sasakian three-manifolds is symmetric and under which the ∗-Ricci operators are Reeb flow invariant.
Testosterone-induced increase in libido in a patient with a loss-of-function mutation in the AR gene
Authors: Marino Laura , Messina Andrea , S Acierno James , Phan-Hug Franziska , J Niederländer Nicolas , Santoni Federico , La Rosa Stefano , Pitteloud Nelly 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Complete androgen-insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), a disorder of sex development (46,XY DSD), is caused primarily by mutations in the androgen receptor (AR). Gonadectomy is recommended due to the increased risk of gonadoblastoma, however, surgical intervention is often followed by loss of libido. We present a 26-year-old patient with CAIS who underwent gonadectomy followed by a significant decrease in libido, which was improved with testosterone treatment but not with estradiol. Genetic testing was performed and followed by molecular characterization. We found that this patient carried a previously unidentified start loss mutation in the androgen receptor. This variant resulted in an N-terminal truncated protein with an intact DNA binding domain and was confirmed to be loss-of-function in vitro. This unique CAIS case and detailed functional studies raise intriguing questions regarding the relative roles of testosterone and estrogen in libido, and in particular, the potential non-genomic actions of androgens.

Learning points

N-terminal truncation of androgen receptor can cause androgen-insensitivity syndrome.

Surgical removal of testosterone-producing gonads can result in loss of libido.

Libido may be improved with testosterone treatment but not with estradiol in some forms of CAIS.

A previously unreported AR mutation – p.Glu2_Met190del (c.2T>C) – is found in a CAIS patient and results in blunted AR transcriptional activity under testosterone treatment.
Study design flaws and statistical challenges in evaluating fertility treatments
Authors: Wilkinson Jack , Stocking Katie 
Published: June 2021

Health interventions should be tested before being introduced into clinical practice, to find out whether they work and whether they are harmful. However, research studies will only provide reliable answers to these questions if they are appropriately designed and analysed. But these are not trivial tasks. We review some methodological challenges that arise when evaluating fertility interventions and explain the implications for a non-statistical audience. These include flexibility in outcomes and analyses; use of surrogate outcomes instead of live birth; use of inappropriate denominators; evaluating cumulative outcomes and time to live birth; allowing each patient or couple to contribute to a research study more than once. We highlight recurring errors and present solutions. We conclude by highlighting the importance of collaboration between clinical and methodological experts, as well as people with experience of subfertility, for realising high-quality research.

Lay summary
We do research to find out whether fertility treatments are beneficial and to make sure they don’t cause harm. However, research will only provide reliable answers if it is done properly. It is not unusual for researchers to make mistakes when they are designing research studies and analysing the data that we get from them. In this review, we describe some of the mistakes people make when they do research about fertility treatments and explain how to avoid them. These include challenges which arise due to the large number of things that can be measured and reported when looking to see if fertility treatments work; failure to check whether the treatment increases the number of live births; failing to include all study participants in calculations;challenges in studies where participants may have more than one treatment attempt. We conclude by highlighting the importance of collaboration between clinical and methodological experts, as well as people with experience of fertility problems.
Experience in the implementation of a modified step-up approach in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis
Authors: Kaminskiy M. N. , Rakhimova S. N. , Konovalov V. A. 
Published: June 2021

Aim.Analysis of the results of the application of the modified step-up approach in the treatment of infected pancreatonecrosis in a third-level hospital.Materials and methods.The study included 52 patients over 18 years of age with acute pancreatitis and suspected or proven infection with pancreatic or peripancreatic necrosis .The control group included 27 patients who underwent primary open necrectomy. The comparison group included 25 patients who underwent surgical treatment within the framework of the modified concept of the stepwise surgical approach (Step-up). In the groups compared mortality rates, early postoperative complications (IIIb-IVb grade Clavien-Dindo), late postoperative complications (ventral hernias, pseudocysts, diabetes mellitus), the duration of inpatient treatment, and the duration of treatment in the intensive care unit. The indicator "Full return to primary social activity after treatment" was also proposed.Results.In the Step-up approach group, in comparison with the control group, there was a decrease in the overall incidence of postoperative complications of IIIb-IVb grade Clavien-Dindo (24% and 51.9%, respectively, p <0.05), the frequency of arrosive bleeding (0% and 14 , 8%, respectively, p <0.05), the need for necrsequestrectomy (64 and 100%, respectively, p <0.01), the total average duration of treatment in the intensive care unit (3.2 ± 0.6 and 9.2 ± 1.6 days, respectively, p <0.05), and the average duration of treatment in the intensive care unit after execution of necrosectomy (1,4±0,4 7,2±1,3 days, respectively, p<0.01). A complete return to social activity in the control group was noted only in 10 (37%) patients compared with 19 (76%) in the Step-up group (p <0.01). In the Step-up group, in comparison with the control group, a tendency towards a decrease in mortality was revealed (16% and 34.5%, respectively, p> 0.05).Conclusion.The step-up approach can improve the results of treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis. The most important advantage of this concept is reproducibility - that is, the possibility of using it not only in the leading metropolitan clinics, but also in the regions of the Russian Federation. The step-up approach, however, has not yet acquired a complete form, and there is room for improvement.
Tulang Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp.) sebagai Sumber Kolagen Sabun Mandi Padat
Authors: Firlianty  , Elita Elita , Krismonita Yanti , Rario Rario , Bugar Natallo , Najamuddin Anang 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh penambahan kolagen tulang ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) terhadap mutu sabun mandi padat dan mendapatkan konsentrasi perlakuan terbaik dalam proses pembuatan sabun kolagen ikan patin (Pangasius sp). Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu sabun mandi padat dengan kolagen 0%, 3%, 6% dan 9%. Penelitian yang sudah dilaksanakan memberikan hasil bahwa sabun tersebut layak untuk digunakan karena sesuai dalam SNI untuk sabun mandi padat. Hasil penelitian perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan D dengan konsentrasi kolagen adalah 9% dengan kadar air 7,759% bahan tidak dapat larut dalam etanol 0,181% asam lemak bebas 0,027% dan pH 10,47.
Bentuk kegiatan ekstrakurikuler PMR di SMPN 8 Malang untuk menumbuhkan kepedulian sosial siswa
Authors: Martaningsih Martaningsih , Eskasasnanda I Dewa Putu , Purnomo Agus 
Published: June 2021

Purpose this research is describing the activity of Red Cross Youth Volunteer in Public Junior High School 8 Malang to grow social concern. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive type research. Purposive technique is used to gather the informant's data. The procedure of data aggregation comprises of observation, interview, and documentation. This research found the activity of Red Cross Youth Volunteer are regular exercise, health alert, socialization to another extracurricular and social service. The activity purpose to increase student's social concern.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan bentuk kegiatan ekstrakurikuler PMR di SMPN 8 Malang untuk menumbuhkan kepedulian sosial siswa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan informan yang digunakan yaitu teknik purposive. Prosedur pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bentuk kegiatan ekstrakurikuler PMR SMPN 8 Malang diantaranya, yaitu latihan rutin, siaga kesehatan, sosialisasi ke ekstrakurikuler lain, dan bakti sosial. Kegiatan tersebut bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kepedulian sosial pada diri siswa.
Tenaga kerja wanita (TKW) dan perubahan sosial yang disebabkannya
Authors: Ana Eka Khoirul , Ruja I Nyoman , Eskasasnanda I Dewa Putu 
Published: June 2021

The focus of this research is to analyze 1) the characteristics of TKW; 2) reasons for the overseas mobility carried out by TKW; and 3) social changes that occur in the families of TKW. This research is located in Dawung Village, Ringinrejo District, Kediri Regency. A qualitative approach with this type of descriptive research is used to achieve the focus of this study. The results showed that the characteristics of TKW from Dawung Village were 1) productive age; 2) Low level of education, 3) Total dependable burden of more than 1 person; 4) the occupation which is mostly done is domestic servants; 5) Working in Asian countries. Income that is greater than working in the country is the main reason for TKW to travel abroad. They also want to have business capital, meet their children's educational needs, and are in debt. Social changes that occur in the families of TKW are in the form of changes in the role of family members, child care patterns, ways of communicating, and lifestyle. For further researchers, it is hoped that they can study the social changes of TKW families related to children's education.
Fokus pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis 1) karakteristik TKW; 2) alasan mobilitas ke luar negeri yang dilakukan oleh TKW; dan 3) perubahan sosial yang terjadi pada keluarga TKW. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Desa Dawung Kecamatan Ringinrejo Kabupaten Kediri. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif digunakan untuk mencapai fokus dari penelitian ini. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik TKW dari Desa Dawung yaitu 1) Berusia produktif; 2) Tingkat pendidikan yang rendah, 3) Jumlah beban tanggungan lebih dari 1 orang; 4) pekerjaan yang banyak digeluti adalah pembantu rumah tangga; 5) Bekerja di negara-negara Asia. Penghasilan yang lebih besar dibandingkan kerja di dalam negeri menjadi penyebab utama TKW melakukan mobilitar ke luar negeri. Selain itu, mereka juga ingin memiliki modal usaha, memenuhi kebutuhan pendidikan anak, serta terlilit hutang. Perubahan sosial yang terjadi pada keluarga TKW yaitu berupa perubahan peran anggota keluarga, pola pengasuhan anak, cara berkomunikasi, dan gaya hidup. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya, diharapkan dapat mengkaji mengenai perubahan sosial keluarga TKW terkait dengan pendidikan anak.