bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-deployable tensegrity structures for adaptive morphing of helium-filled aerostats
Authors: Knap Lech , Świercz Andrzej , Graczykowski Cezary , Holnicki-Szulc Jan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the authors propose, investigate, and discuss a concept of novel type of deployable helium-filled aerostat as a low-cost mean of transport. Internal construction of the aerostat is based on ultra-light tensegrity structure equipped with prestressed tensioned elements of controllable lengths. Such tensegrity structure allows for adaptive morphing of the aerostat understood as simultaneous controllable modifications of aerostat volume and shape during the flight. The controlled volume changes enable influencing buoyancy force and obtaining desired vertical motion during the ascending and descending process. In turn, external shape changes allow for lowering the aerodynamic drag and energy usage needed to uphold stable horizontal position or maintain the desired flight path. Moreover, such internal structure allows for convenient storage, transportation and deployment of the aerostat construction on the ground or in required point at the atmosphere. The article presents an analysis of the exemplary operational mission of the aerostat. The authors introduce the mechanical model capturing interaction of the internal tensegrity structure and aerostat envelope based on the finite-element method, as well as dynamic model allowing for simulation of the aerostat’s vertical and horizontal motion influenced by buoyancy and drag forces. Both these models are used to positively verify the feasibility of the proposed concept of deployable tensegrity-based aerostat with adaptive morphing and its efficiency in realization of the assumed flight mission.
Investigations of masonry churches seismic performance with numerical models: application to a case study
Authors: D’Amato Michele , Sulla Roselena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recovering and preserving ancient churches is necessary to ensure the transmission of this cultural heritage to the future generations. To this scope, it is necessary to evaluate their performance in seismic prone areas, to design interventions capable of reducing their vulnerability ensuring also their safety use for the faithful. In this paper, investigations on seismic performance of masonry churches are illustrated by applying two different numerical methods on a case study, an existing brick masonry church. The seismic assessment is conducted by applying two simplified methods proposed by the current Italian Directive containing the Guidelines for assessment and reduction of cultural heritage seismic risk. Moreover, linear kinematic analysis is used also for investigating the influence of main parameters governing to the main façade simple overturning and narthex longitudinal response. The investigations performed highlight that the activation multiplier of macro-element response mechanism may significantly vary according to the assumptions made and that also, as narthex longitudinal response, a minimization procedure of the activation multiplier is required.
Challenging the financial inclusion-decent work nexus: evidence from Cambodia’s over-indebted internal migrants
Authors: Natarajan Nithya , Brickell Katherine , Guermond Vincent , Lawreniuk Sabina , Parsons Laurie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we question the promotion of financial inclusion, and microfinance specifically, as a means to achieve ‘Decent Work’ (DW) under the International Labor Organization’s (ILO) programme. Drawing upon original research findings from two types of internal migrants in Cambodia, we make a twin contention: first, that excessive levels of microfinance borrowing by garment workers are part-outcome of the failings of the DW programme to engender ‘decent enough work’, and second, that microfinance borrowing is actually eroding rather than contributing to the prospect of decent work for debt-bonded brickmakers in the country. The data presented on two of the largest sectors contributing to Cambodia’s growth in recent decades, enable the paper to show how microfinance and labour precarity are intertwined through the over-indebtedness of workers in both cases. The paper ultimately looks to caution the ILO on its current promotion of financial inclusion and microfinance in particular, stressing the need for significant sectoral reforms before this form of credit can be considered to align with the core principles of the DW programme.
„Look down and see my plague sores which I spread before thee my saviour“: Abjektion und Gender im puritanischen Neuengland
Authors: Mueller Monika 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag führt vor, wie puritanische Texte mit Julia Kristevas Theorie der Abjektion, die sie in Powers of Horror (1982) darlegt, analysiert werden können. Grenzüberschreitungen wie religiöser und ziviler Ungehorsam wurden von den Puritanern in Neuengland oft als Hinweis auf sexuelle Transgression und körperliche Abjektion verstanden. Puritanische Autoren, die oftmals auch Geistliche waren, brachten Grenzüberschreitungen gerne mit spiritueller Verderbtheit und Abjektion körperlicher Sekrete, Exkrete und Exkremente in Verbindung.Die puritanischen Texte, die Gegenstand dieses Beitrags sind, befassen sich mit der Abjektion von Sperma und „monströsen“ fehlgebildeten Föten: John Winthrop und Thomas Weld verfassten drastische Schilderungen von Anne Hutchinsons und Mary Dyers „Monstergeburten“, da sie diese als Beweis für die spirituelle Verderbtheit der beiden Antinomierinnen, die es gewagt hatten, puritanische Doktrinen zu kritisieren, verstanden. Der puritanische Pfarrer Michael Wigglesworth hingegen vertraute seine eigenen abjekten, unreinen Gedanken und Handlungen, die sich auf seine männlichen Studierenden bezogen und laut seiner Beschreibung zu starken sexuellen Lustgefühlen und ungewollter Triebabfuhr führten, seinem Tagebuch in verschlüsselter Form an.Als Repräsentant der puritanischen Obrigkeit war Wigglesworth imstande, seine spirituelle und sexuelle Überschreitung religiöser Grenzen unbemerkt auszuleben, da die Abjektion körperlicher Materie in seinen privaten Räumlichkeiten stattfand. Somit konnte er seine Abjektion erfolgreich vor der Öffentlichkeit verbergen. Hutchinson und Dyer hingegen, deren vermeintliche spirituelle Transgressionen durch abjekte „monströse“ Geburten zwangsweise öffentlich gemacht wurden, wurden von den puritanischen Geistlichen, die die symbolische Ordnung Neuenglands verkörperten, für ihre Verstöße gegen die religiös-staatliche Ordnung abgestraft und aus der Gemeinschaft verstoßen.
Hospital-acquired influenza in the United States, FluSurv-NET, 2011–2012 through 2018–2019
Authors: Cummings Charisse N. , O’Halloran Alissa C. , Azenkot Tali , Reingold Arthur , Alden Nisha B. , Meek James I. , Anderson Evan J. , Ryan Patricia A. , Kim Sue , McMahon Melissa , McMullen Chelsea , Spina Nancy L. , Bennett Nancy M. , Billing Laurie M. , Thomas Ann , Schaffner William , Talbot H. Keipp , George Andrea , Reed Carrie , Garg Shikha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:To estimate population-based rates and to describe clinical characteristics of hospital-acquired (HA) influenza.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:US Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) during 2011–2012 through 2018–2019 seasons.Methods:Patients were identified through provider-initiated or facility-based testing. HA influenza was defined as a positive influenza test date and respiratory symptom onset >3 days after admission. Patients with positive test date >3 days after admission but missing respiratory symptom onset date were classified as possible HA influenza.Results:Among 94,158 influenza-associated hospitalizations, 353 (0.4%) had HA influenza. The overall adjusted rate of HA influenza was 0.4 per 100,000 persons. Among HA influenza cases, 50.7% were 65 years of age or older, and 52.0% of children and 95.7% of adults had underlying conditions; 44.9% overall had received influenza vaccine prior to hospitalization. Overall, 34.5% of HA cases received ICU care during hospitalization, 19.8% required mechanical ventilation, and 6.7% died. After including possible HA cases, prevalence among all influenza-associated hospitalizations increased to 1.3% and the adjusted rate increased to 1.5 per 100,000 persons.Conclusions:Over 8 seasons, rates of HA influenza were low but were likely underestimated because testing was not systematic. A high proportion of patients with HA influenza were unvaccinated and had severe outcomes. Annual influenza vaccination and implementation of robust hospital infection control measures may help to prevent HA influenza and its impacts on patient outcomes and the healthcare system.
Prey preferences of invasive (Hemigrapsus sanguineus, H. takanoi) and native (Carcinus maenas) intertidal crabs in the European Wadden Sea
Authors: Bleile Nadine , Thieltges David W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvasive predators can have wide-ranging effects on invaded ecosystems and identifying the prey spectra and preferences of invaders are important steps in assessing their potential impacts on native biota. In this study, we investigated prey preferences of two invasive crab species (Hemigrapsus sanguineus and Hemigrapsus takanoi) that recently invaded Europe's shores and compared them with preferences of native shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) of similar size. In laboratory experiments, all three crab species preferred animal over algal prey. In general, sessile mussels (Mytilus edulis) were preferred over motile amphipods (Gammarus locusta) by all three crab species but amphipod predation was lower in the invasive compared with the native crabs. For the two invasive crab species, this pattern was the same in treatments where prey was offered separately (no-choice treatments) or simultaneously (choice treatments), while for the native crabs, mussel preference disappeared in choice treatments. The general preference of mussels by all three crab species suggests that local invasions of crabs most likely lead to increased competition among crabs. In addition, given that local densities of invasive crabs are often much higher than those of native crabs, predation pressure on native mussels can be expected to strongly increase at invaded sites. In contrast, local predation pressure on amphipods may be less affected by the crab invasions. Further field studies are needed to establish the magnitude of competition and predation pressure exerted by the invaders under natural conditions.
Chemotactic and temperature-dependent responses of the Strongyloidoidea superfamily of nematodes
Authors: Dulovic Alex , Norman Mat , Harbecke Dorothee , Streit Adrian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHost-seeking behaviour and how a parasite identifies the correct host to infect remains a poorly understood area of parasitology. What is currently known is that host sensation and seeking behaviour is formed from a complex mixture of chemo-, thermo- and mechanosensory behaviours, of which chemosensation is the best studied. Previous studies of olfaction in parasitic nematodes suggested that this behaviour appears to be more closely related to target host and infection mode than phylogeny. However, there has not yet been a study comparing the chemotactic and temperature-dependent behaviours of very closely related parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes. To this end, we examined the temperature-dependent and chemotactic responses of the Strongyloidoidea superfamily of nematodes. We found differences in temperature response between the different species and within infective larvae. Chemotactic responses were highly divergent, with different attraction profiles between all species studied. When examining direct stimulation with fur, we found that it was insufficient to cause an attractive response. Overall, our results support the notion that olfactory sensation is more closely related to lifestyle and host range than phylogeny, and that multiple cues are required to initiate host-seeking behaviour.
Communities of practice and what they can do for International Relations
Authors: Bicchi Federica 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article argues that communities of practice (CoPs) provide IR with a unique way to understand how a small group of committed people can make a difference to international politics. The point is addressed in three steps. First, the article advances our understanding of how CoPs work. While at its core a CoP is a group of people brought together by a practice they enjoy, a CoP also shares a sense of timing, placing, and humour. These aspects help the group anchor, refine, and innovate their practice in the face of challenges and uncertainty. Second, the article contrasts the analysis of CoPs with other IR approaches, especially institutional analysis, network analysis, and epistemic communities, to show how CoPs supplement them. Third, the article illustrates the argument with the example of the EU foreign policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It concludes by suggesting that a CoP's perspective not only helps IR better understand informal politics, but also opens up conversations across disciplines.
A network meta-analysis of secondary attack rates of COVID-19 in different contact environments
Authors: Zhao Xunying , Shen Ziqiong , Sun Litao , Cheng Long , Wang Mengyuan , Zhang Xiaofan , Xu Bin , Tian Lulu , Miao Yunqi , Wu Xueyao , Zou Kun , Li Jiayuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues around the world, understanding the transmission characteristics of COVID-19 is vital for prevention and control. We conducted the first study aiming to estimate and compare the relative risk of secondary attack rates (SARs) of COVID-19 in different contact environments. Until 26 July 2021, epidemiological studies and cluster epidemic reports of COVID-19 were retrieved from SCI, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and CBM in English and Chinese, respectively. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated in pairwise comparisons of SARs between different contact environments using the frequentist NMA framework, and the ranking of risks in these environments was calculated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Subgroup analysis was performed by regions. Thirty-two studies with 68 260 participants were identified. Compared with meal or gathering, transportation (RR 10.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43–77.85), medical care (RR 11.68, 95% CI 1.58–86.61) and work or study places (RR 10.15, 95% CI 1.40–73.38) had lower risk ratios for SARs. Overall, the SUCRA rankings from the highest to the lowest were household (95.3%), meal or gathering (81.4%), public places (58.9%), daily conversation (50.1%), transportation (30.8%), medical care (18.2%) and work or study places (15.3%). Household SARs were significantly higher than other environments in the subgroup of mainland China and sensitive analysis without small sample studies (<100). In light of the risks, stratified personal protection and public health measures need to be in place accordingly, so as close contacts categorising and management.
Stickler syndrome – lessons from a national cohort
Authors: Snead M. P. , Richards A. J. , McNinch A. M. , Alexander P. , Martin H. , Nixon T. R. W. , Bale P. , Shenker N. , Brown S. , Blackwell A. M. , Poulson A. V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn 2011 NHS England commissioned a new national specialist MDT service for patients and families affected by Stickler syndrome. The Stickler syndromes form part of the spectrum of inherited vitreoretinopathies and are the most common cause of retinal detachment in childhood and the most common cause of familial retinal detachment. Now in its 10th year, the Stickler Highly Specialised Service (HSS) has assessed 1673 patients from 785 families. Using a combination of accurate phenotyping and molecular genetic analysis it is possible to identify the underlying genetic mutation in over 95% of cases including those with deep intronic mutations likely to be missed by conventional exome panel analysis and which require whole gene sequencing and supplementary functional analysis to confirm pathogenicity. The vast majority that presents to ophthalmologists will be from one of three autosomal dominant sub-groups with a high associated risk of retinal detachment but the diagnosis is often overlooked, especially in adults. In contrast to many other blinding retinal conditions, blindness through giant retinal tear detachment particularly in children is largely preventable provided these high-risk groups are identified and appropriate evidence-based prophylaxis offered. This article summarises ten selected briefcase histories from the national dataset with key learning points from each.
An apple (Malus domestica) AP2/ERF transcription factor modulates carotenoid accumulation
Authors: Dang Qingyuan , Sha Haiyun , Nie Jiyun , Wang Yongzhang , Yuan Yongbing , Jia Dongjie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColor is an important trait for horticultural crops. Carotenoids are one of the main pigments for coloration and have important implications for photosynthesis in plants and benefits for human health. Here, we identified an APETALA2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factor named MdAP2-34 in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). MdAP2-34 expression exhibited a close correlation with carotenoid content in ‘Benin Shogun’ and ‘Yanfu 3’ fruit flesh. MdAP2-34 promotes carotenoid accumulation in MdAP2-34-OVX transgenic apple calli and fruits by participating in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. The major carotenoid contents of phytoene and β-carotene were much higher in overexpressing MdAP2-34 transgenic calli and fruit skin, yet the predominant compound of lutein showed no obvious difference, indicating that MdAP2-34 regulates phytoene and β-carotene accumulation but not lutein. MdPSY2-1 (phytoene synthase 2) is a major gene in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in apple fruit, and the MdPSY2-1 gene is directly bound and transcriptionally activated by MdAP2-34. In addition, overexpressing MdPSY2-1 in apple calli mainly increases phytoene and total carotenoid contents. Our findings will advance and extend our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in apple, and this research is valuable for accelerating the apple breeding process.
Arm swing responsiveness to dopaminergic medication in Parkinson’s disease depends on task complexity
Authors: Warmerdam Elke , Romijnders Robbin , Hansen Clint , Elshehabi Morad , Zimmermann Milan , Metzger Florian G. , von Thaler Anna-Katharina , Berg Daniela , Schmidt Gerhard , Maetzler Walter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe evidence of the responsiveness of dopaminergic medication on gait in patients with Parkinson’s disease is contradicting. This could be due to differences in complexity of the context gait was in performed. This study analysed the effect of dopaminergic medication on arm swing, an important movement during walking, in different contexts. Forty-five patients with Parkinson’s disease were measured when walking at preferred speed, fast speed, and dual-tasking conditions in both OFF and ON medication states. At preferred, and even more at fast speed, arm swing improved with medication. However, during dual-tasking, there were only small or even negative effects of medication on arm swing. Assuming that dual-task walking most closely reflects real-life situations, the results suggest that the effect of dopaminergic medication on mobility-relevant movements, such as arm swing, might be small in everyday conditions. This should motivate further studies to look at medication effects on mobility in Parkinson’s disease, as it could have highly relevant implications for Parkinson’s disease treatment and counselling.
Exploring﻿ electroencephalography with a model inspired by quantum mechanics
Authors: Popiel Nicholas J. M. , Metrow Colin , Laforge Geoffrey , Owen Adrian M. , Stojanoski Bobby , Soddu Andrea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn outstanding issue in cognitive neuroscience concerns how the brain is organized across different conditions. For instance, during the resting-state condition, the brain can be clustered into reliable and reproducible networks (e.g., sensory, default, executive networks). Interestingly, the same networks emerge during active conditions in response to various tasks. If similar patterns of neural activity have been found across diverse conditions, and therefore, different underlying processes and experiences of the environment, is the brain organized by a fundamental organizational principle? To test this, we applied mathematical formalisms borrowed from quantum mechanisms to model electroencephalogram (EEG) data. We uncovered a tendency for EEG signals to be localized in anterior regions of the brain during “rest”, and more uniformly distributed while engaged in a task (i.e., watching a movie). Moreover, we found analogous values to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, suggesting a common underlying architecture of human brain activity in resting and task conditions. This underlying architecture manifests itself in the novel constant KBrain, which is extracted from the brain state with the least uncertainty. We would like to state that we are using the mathematics of quantum mechanics, but not claiming that the brain behaves as a quantum object.
Design of 3D printable prosthetic foot to implement nonlinear stiffness behavior of human toe joint based on finite element analysis
Authors: Um Hui-Jin , Kim Heon-Su , Hong Woolim , Kim Hak-Sung , Hur Pilwon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractToe joint is known as one of the critical factors in designing a prosthetic foot due to its nonlinear stiffness characteristic. This stiffness characteristic provides a general feeling of springiness in the toe-off and it also affects the ankle kinetics. In this study, the toe part of the prosthetic foot was designed to improve walking performance. The toe joint was implemented as a single part suitable for 3D printing. The various shape factors such as curved shape, bending space, auxetic structure, and bending zone were applied to mimic human foot characteristics. The finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to simulate terminal stance (from heel-off to toe-off) using the designed prosthetic foot. To find the structure with characteristics similar to the human foot, the optimization was performed based on the toe joint geometries. As a result, the optimized foot showed good agreement with human foot behavior in the toe torque-angle curve. Finally, the simulation conditions were validated by comparing with human walking data and it was confirmed that the designed prosthetic foot structure can implement the human foot function.
Constraining the chronology and ecology of Late Acheulean and Middle Palaeolithic occupations at the margins of the monsoon
Authors: Blinkhorn James , Achyuthan Hema , Durcan Julie , Roberts Patrick , Ilgner Jana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSouth Asia hosts the world’s youngest Acheulean sites, with dated records typically restricted to sub-humid landscapes. The Thar Desert marks a major adaptive boundary between monsoonal Asia to the east and the Saharo-Arabian desert belt to the west, making it a key threshold to examine patterns of hominin ecological adaptation and its impacts on patterns of behaviour, demography and dispersal. Here, we investigate Palaeolithic occupations at the western margin of the South Asian monsoon at Singi Talav, undertaking new chronometric, sedimentological and palaeoecological studies of Acheulean and Middle Palaeolithic occupation horizons. We constrain occupations of the site between 248 and 65 thousand years ago. This presents the first direct palaeoecological evidence for landscapes occupied by South Asian Acheulean-producing populations, most notably in the main occupation horizon dating to 177 thousand years ago. Our results illustrate the potential role of the Thar Desert as an ecological, and demographic, frontier to Palaeolithic populations.