bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome sequencing and genetic characterization of 17 SARS-CoV-2 viruses and spike protein analyses of isolates from Bangladeshi patients
Authors: Akter Shahina ,   Murshed Hasan Sarkar1, Banu Tanjina Akhtar , Goswami Barna , Jahan Iffat , Osman Eshrar , Uzzaman Mohammad Samir , Mahmud Abu Sayeed Mohammad , Nafisa Tasnim , Molla Maruf Ahmed , Yeasmin Mahmuda , Habib Ahashan , Khan Salim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

To better comprehend the genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, we utilized NextSeq 550 to conduct whole-genome sequencing of certain samples in Bangladesh. The samples were taken from the nasopharyngeal swabs of 17 persons who had tested positive for COVID-19 using RT-PCR. Following the sequencing, the data was uploaded to the GISAID database and evaluated by comparing their nucleotide alterations to the Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 reference genome. Based on phylogenetic and mutation studies, it was shown that 88% belong to the pangolin lineage B.1.1.25, whereas 11% corresponds to its parent lineage B.1.1. We also compared the spike protein sequences of two isolates (BCSIR-NILMRC-422 and BCSIR-NILMRC-424) to the reference genome and observed two mutations including, D614G and P681R, at positions 614 and 681, respectively. Although D614G being the most frequent, not present in every isolate. Using standard mode studies, we also looked at molecular dynamics and discovered that this SNP reduces the S1 domain's flexibility. This finding suggests that the P681R mutation is a distinguishing feature of this novel voice of concern’s virological profile, which may be linked to viral pathogenicity in Bangladeshi patients.
Distinct Binding Mode of BAFF antagonist antibodies Belimumab and Tabalumab, analyzed by computer simulation
Authors: Jiang Yaxin , Sun Jian , Wei Jing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) can binding to specific receptors and activate signaling pathways associated with B cell activation. Belimumab and tabalumab are anti-BAFF monoclonal antibodies, while belimumab was proved by FDA in 2011 as a targeted therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and showed better clinical effect than tabalumab. The combination modes of BAFF-belimumab complex and BAFF-tabalumab complex were simulated to better understand the reason for the difference of the inhibition effect between belimumab and tabalumab. The structures of belimumab and tabalumab were constructed by homology modeling. The combination mode of BAFF-belimumab complex was analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation, and the combination mode of BAFF-tabalumab complex was analyzed by protein-protein docking after molecular dynamics simulation. Both belimumab and tabalumab contacted with BAFF at the same hydrophobic center which the natural receptors of BAFF bind to. I51, F54, K58 D100, D101, L102, L103, P105 of belimumab heavy chain and R27, Y30, K49, S65 of belimumab light chain contribute to the BAFF-belimumab interaction mainly by hydrogen bond, salt bridge and hydrophobic effect. More important, Belimumab could contact with L83 of BAFF and produced a steric hindrance with the adjacent BAFF trimers, while tabalumab could not. Belimumab had better clinical effect than tabalumab mainly because it could bind to L83 of BAFF and affect the formation of BAFF 60-mer, in addition to inhibition of the interaction of BAFF with its receptors.
Overexpression of TwSQS, TwSE and TwOSC Regulates Celastrol Accumulation in Cambial Meristematic Cells and Dedifferentiated Cells
Authors: Song Yadi , Zhou Jiawei , Zhang Yifeng , Zhao Yujun , Wang Xiujuan , Hu Tianyuan , Tong Yuru , Huang Luqi , Gao Wei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Squalene synthase (SQS), squalene epoxidase (SE) and oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) are encoding enzymes in downstream biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoid in plants, but the relationship between the three genes and celastrol accumulation in Tripterygium wilfordii (T. wilfordii) still remains unknown. Gene transformation platform in plant can be used for fast studying gene function. However, there is no report on the application of cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) and dedifferentiated cells (DDCs) in genetic transformation platforms. Our aim was to study the effects of overexpression of TwSQS, TwSE and TwOSC on celastrol accumulation and terpenoid biosynthetic pathway-related gene expression through CMCs and DDCs platforms. Overexpression vectors of TwSQS, TwSE and TwOSC were constructed by Gateway technology and transferred into T. wilfordii CMCs and DDCs by gene gun. The content of celastrol was assayed and it significantly increased in CMCs compared with the control group after overexpression. However, there was no significant increment in celastrol was detected in DDCs. Meanwhile, the relative expression levels of TwSQS, TwSE, TwOSC and terpenoid biosynthetic pathway-related genes were detected. The relative expression levels of TwSQS, TwSE and TwOSC were all increased compared with the control group in both CMCs and DDCs. While the pathway-related genes displayed different expression trends. Therefore, it was verified in T. wilfordii CMCs that overexpression of TwSQS, TwSE and TwOSC increased celastrol accumulation and had different effects on the expression of related genes in terpenoid biosynthetic pathway, laying a foundation for further elucidating the downstream biosynthetic pathway of celastrol through T. wilfordii CMCs platform.
Pharmacologic compound to mitigate presbyopia symptoms
Authors: Galeana Cesar A Sanchez 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the effect of a compound of low dose Pilocarpine, Brimonidine and Oxymetazoline (PBO) in a group of presbyopic individuals.
Materials and Methods
We recruited a group of 11 presbyopic individuals from June to July 2020. The PBO compound was instilled in the non-dominant eye and low Pilocarpine or Brimonidine alone were instilled in the other eye. Under corrected near visual acuity using the Jaeger notation, under corrected and corrected distance visual acuity, intraocular pressure, pupil diameter, and lines gained were recorded before and one hour after instillation of the drops.
Results
One hour after drops binocular Jaeger was 2.45 +/ 1.36 SD range (1 – 4) (p ≤ 0.003) PBO in the non-dominant eye Jaeger was 2.09 +/- 1.446 SD range (1 – 5) (p ≤ 0.0001) Jaeger in the dominant eye with Pilocarpine or Brimonidine 3.82 +/-1.601 SD range (1 – 6) (p ≤ 0.032). Jaeger in eyes instilled with Pilocarpine 4.20 +/-1.483 SD range (2 – 6) (p ≤ 0.102). Jaeger in eyes instilled with Brimonidine 3.50 +/-1.761 range (1 – 5) (p ≤ 0.250). Lines gained PBO non dominant eye 3.73 +/-1.42 SD range (2 – 6) Lines gained in the dominant eye with Pilocarpine or Brimonidine 2 +/-1.89 SD range (0 – 6). Lines gained in eyes with Pilocarpine 1.60 +/-0.89 SD range (1 – 3). Lines gained in eyes with Brimonidine 2.33 +/- 2.50 SD range (0 – 6).
Discussion
Low dose Pilocarpine, Brimonidine, Oxymetazoline compound showed effectiveness improving near distance vision one hour after instillation compared to low dose Pilocarpine and Brimonidine alone in a group of 11 presbyopic individuals.
Synchronization of Ewe Lambs During Non-Breeding Season: Comparing Clomiphene Citrate-Based Protocols With Progesterone+eCG Protocol
Authors: Ebrahimi Marziyeh , Aghamohammadzadeh Roghayeh , Moghaddam Gholamali , Kia Hossein Daghigh , Ghasemi-Panahi Babak , Kianifard Davoud 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Synchronization can improve reproductive performance of ewe lambs during non-breeding season. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate reproductive performance of ewe lambs during non-breeding season using different clomiphene citrate (CC) protocols compared with progesterone sponge (PS)+equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) protocol. In this study, 40 Ghezel ewe lambs were divided into four experimental groups based on the completely randomized design. Experimental groups were as follows: 1- PS (12 days)+eCG (500 I.U. eCG); 2- PS (12 days)+CC (100 mg CC, 5 days); 3- CC (100 mg CC, 5 days)+eCG group (500 I.U. eCG); 4- CC (100 mg CC, 5 days). Ram introduction was done between 13 and 18 days. Blood samples were taken on 1, 11, 14, and 40 days, and serum levels of estrogen and progesterone were measured. Pregnancy was evaluated at the last trimester of expected pregnancy (by sonography). Based on the results, the effects of treatments and the interaction of treatments × time on estrogen and progesterone concentrations were significant (P<0.05). Pregnancy and lambing rates were significantly affected by estrus synchronization treatments and the highest pregnancy was observed in PS+eCG group (P<0.05). Based on the overall results of the present study, the best synchronization method during non-breeding season for ewe lambs was PS+eCG.
Sintilimab With Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Squamous Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: Real-world Data Study
Authors: Lin Xinqing , Deng Haiyi , Li Suyang , Xie Xiaohong , Chen Chao , Cai Longqiu , Yang Yilin , Qiu Guihuan , Xie Zhanhong , Qin Yinyin , Liu Ming , Zhou Chengzhi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose:The ORIENT-12 study demonstrated the promising results of sintilimab combined with gemcitabine and platinum (GP) therapy in squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) patients. However, the efficacy of sintilimab plus paclitaxel/nab-paclitaxel and platinum (TP) in sqNSCLC is not yet known. Methods: Real-life data were collected from patients with untreated locally advanced or metastatic sqNSCLC who were treated with sintilimab plus TP (arm A) or sintilimab plus GP (arm B) between January 2019 and January 2021. Results:A total of 52 patients were included (arm A, n=32 and arm B, n=20). After a median follow-up of 12.1 months, the median PFS was 10.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0 to 16.7) in arm A and 7.5 months (95% CI, 4.0–10.9) in arm B (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.30 to 1.4; P = 0.24). The median overall survival was 20.1 months (95% CI, 13.6 to 26.6) in arm A and 16.3 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 29.6) in arm B (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.26–1.84; P = 0.46). The overall response rate was 59.4% in arm A and 40.0% in arm B. Adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in 37.5% of the patients in arm A and 55.0% of the patients in arm B. Conclusions: Sintilimab-TP exhibits similar clinical benefits compared with sintilimab-GP in patients with untreated advanced or metastatic sqNSCLC.
Elderly And Burn Injuries: A Ten-Year Analysis of 612 Patients
Authors: Dogahe Zahra Haghani , Zarei Reza , Hallaj Shahin , Mobayen Mohammadreza 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: With all the progress made in geriatric medicine, we expect to have a growing population of elderly soon. With burn injuries, as one of the most common unpredictable injuries to the elderly, it is essential to clarify the epidemiological pattern and factors related to worse outcomes in geriatric burn patients. We aimed to investigate burn characteristics in the elderly in Guilan province, IRAN, in ten years.Methods: This study conducted a retrospective analysis of burn patients aging 60yrs and over in Velayat Burn Center between 2010 and 2020. The data collected from the hospital information system included age, sex, marital state, occupation, residency, season and month of the incident, place of incident, total body surface area (TBSA), burn degree, cause of the burn, anatomical site of the injury, pre-injury morbidities, surgical managements, length of hospital stay and mortality.Results: Among 612 patients, the mean age was 72.20±8.94 years. The female to male ratio was 1.14:1 with a total of 53.3% female burn patients. 94.90% of patients lived with family members. 59.3% lived in urban areas. Most of the burn injuries happened during winter and summer. 82.5% happened indoors. The mean was 19.70±22.13%. The most common causes were flames (50.0%) and scalds (44.3%). The mean length of hospital stay (LOS) was 6.14±6.27 days. The overall mortality rate was 15%.Conclusion: We concluded that most burn injuries among the geriatric population happen indoors, during the first hours of the day, and on the first day of the week, making it essential to establish special prevention programs suiting these situations. On the other hand, with the increased life expectancy and the unpredictable nature of burn injuries, it is essential to identify risk factors and establish prevention programs for the elderly.
Attentional Influences on Neural Processing of Biological Motion in Typically Developing Children and Those on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Knight Emily J. , Krakowski Aaron I. , Freedman Edward G. , Butler John S. , Molholm Sophie , Foxe John J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Biological motion imparts rich information related to the movement, actions, intentions and affective state of others, which can provide foundational support for various aspects of social cognition and behavior. Given that atypical social communication and cognition are hallmark symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), many have theorized that a potential source of this deficit may lie in dysfunctional neural mechanisms of biological motion processing. Synthesis of existing literature provides some support for biological motion processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder, although high study heterogeneity and inconsistent findings complicate interpretation. Here, we attempted to reconcile some of this residual controversy by investigating a possible modulating role for attention in biological motion processing in ASD.
Methods

We employed high-density electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings while participants observed point-light displays of upright, inverted and scrambled biological motion under two task conditions to explore spatiotemporal dynamics of intentional and unintentional biological motion processing in children and adolescents with ASD (n=27), comparing them to a control cohort of neurotypical (NT) participants (n=35).
Results

Behaviorally, ASD participants were able to discriminate biological motion with similar accuracy to NT controls. However, electrophysiologic investigation revealed reduced automatic selective processing of upright biologic vs. scrambled motion stimuli in ASD relative to NT individuals, which was ameliorated when task demands required explicit attention to biological motion. Additionally, we observed distinctive patterns of covariance between visual potentials evoked by biological motion and functional social ability, such that Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-Socialization domain scores were differentially associated with biological motion processing in the N1 and P2 periods in the ASD and NT groups, respectively.
Limitations

The cross-sectional design of this study does not allow us to definitively answer the question of whether developmental differences in attention to biological motion cause disruption in social communication, and the sample was limited to children with average or above cognitive ability.
Conclusions

Together, these data suggest that individuals with ASD are able to discriminate, with explicit attention, biological from non-biological motion but demonstrate diminished automatic neural specificity for biological motion processing, which may have cascading implications for the development of higher order social cognition.
The Impact of Sustained Metformin use on Survival in Diabetes Patients of Operable Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Chu Ping-Teng , Chuang Tzu-Jung , Wu Tung-Ho , Huang Wei-Chun , Wang Jui-Ho 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundColorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the Western world and in Taiwan and the diabetes has been proven as an independent risk factor for incidence. Metformin, the drug of choice for the therapy of type 2 diabetes, has been shown to reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Our study was investigated the impact of continuous use of metformin on the survival of diabetic patients after surgery for colorectal cancer.MethodsThis study identified 12,512 patients with colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes who underwent curative surgery between 2000 and 2012 were collected from the Taiwanese population-based National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 6,222 patients were included in the matched cohort, to adjust for differences in baseline variables. Time-dependent covariates in the cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the impacts of metformin use on survival.Results The average duration of follow-up was 49.4 months in the Metformin use group and 53.7 months in the non-Metformin use group. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that continuous metformin use post operation was associated with 5-year survival benefit (HR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.20-0.26). Furthermore, continuous metformin use also showed a benefit of decreasing liver metastases (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71-0.97).ConclusionsSustained Metformin use is associated with a significant survival benefit in diabetic colorectal cancer patients after operation, suggesting a potential anti-tumorigenic effect. Moreover, there was also a benefit of decreasing liver metastases in patients who received continuous metformin use.
Implementation Research for the Evaluation of the Child Health Education and Surveillance Tool Application: A Randomized-Controlled Trial
Authors: Westgard Christopher M , Orrego-Ferreyros Luis A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When community health workers (CHWs) are effective, they can help teach essential knowledge of healthy child rearing practices in their communities. An effective mHealth tool can potentially improve the performance of CHWs and create greater child health and development outcomes. The Child Health Education and Surveillance Tool (CHEST App) was developed and implemented in a CHW program in the Amazon of Peru to improve CHW performance and early childhood development. The intervention was developed and implemented with the guidance of several implementation research tools. This study presents the results of the intervention METHODSThe CHEST App intervention was evaluated using an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 study design. A group of communities (8) in Loreto, Perú were matched by propensity scores and then randomly assigned to an arm of the study. The implementation outcomes were evaluated with a mixed-methods approach to how well the intervention was installed into the local CHW program. The effectiveness of the intervention was determined by assessing knowledge scores, hemoglobin gm/dL, early childhood development motor scores and cognitive scores. An independent samples t-test and one way ANOVA analysis were conducted with each intervention outcome to assess differences between the intervention and control groups. The results of the study are presented within the framework of the Implementation Research Logic Model. RESULTSThe COVID-19 pandemic created significant interruptions in the intervention, significantly decreasing the dosage of the intervention received by the participants. However, the group of caregivers that received home visits with the CHEST App had significantly higher knowledge scores (+1.26 standard deviations) than those in the control group (t(184)=-4.39, p<0.001). The intervention group did not display significant differences in hemoglobin levels and early childhood development scores. Implementation of the CHEST App intervention was successful with high degrees of acceptability, adoption, and fidelity. However, adoption and fidelity of the surveillance function of the CHEST App by program coordinators was not achieved. CONCLUSIONThe CHEST App intervention is a promising tool to improve the performance of CHWs during their home visits and their ability to teach caregivers healthy child rearing practices. Trial RegistrationTrial registered on 11/29/2018 at https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN43591826.
Health effects of PM2.5 constituents and source contributions in major metropolitan cities, South Korea
Authors: Kim Sangcheol , Yang Juyeon , Park Jieun , Song Inho , Kim Dae-Gon , Jeon Kwonho , Kim Ho , Yi Seung-Muk 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
South Korea is one of the East Asian countries suffering severe ambient PM2.5 pollution which has been continuously reported to a risk factor driving both death and disability in many parts of the world. We investigated the associations of cause-specific mortality with both PM2.5 chemical constituents and source contributions in four metropolitan cities, namely Seoul, Daejeon, Gwangju and Ulsan, by applying the generalized linear model (GLM) to the results of the positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling. The cities represent each of four air control zone designated as of April 2020 by the special law for controlling air pollution on a regional basis in South Korea. We found that that the interquartile range (IQR) increase in the concentration PM2.5 chemical constituents largely increased the relative risk (RR) of mortality, whereas the significance and strength of the associations were different among the cities. In addition, the effects of unit increase in source contributions also differed depending on regions. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest the PM2.5 compositional characteristics may have influenced the heterogeneous health of PM2.5 exposure among the cities. Therefore, the plans and policies based on the regional characteristics of PM2.5 composition and health risk need to be implemented along with the reduction of total mass concentration of PM2.5 for mitigating adverse health effects efficiently from a perspective of public health.
Improved Spin-orbit Torque Induced Magnetization Switching Efficiency by Helium Ion Irradiation
Authors: An Suhyeok , Baek Eunchong , Kim Jin-A , Lee Ki-Seung , You Chun-Yeol 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of spin-orbit torque (SOT) is of great interest in spintronics devices because of its application to the non-volatile magnetic random access memory and in-logic memory devices. Accordingly, there are several studies to alter the magnetic properties and reduce the SOT switching current with Helium ion irradiation, but previous researches are focused on its quantitative changes only. Here, the authors observe the reduction of switching current and analyze the origins of Helium ion irradiation induced SOT switching current reduction. The first is from improved spin Hall angle caused by the resistivity change of heavy metal layer and second is from the reduction of surface anisotropy energy at interface between heavy metal and ferromagnet. The result shows that switching current is reduced about ~30.3% at dose of 30 ions/nm2 and relevant parameter change is shown as improved spin Hall angle from 0.096 to 0.132 and reduced anisotropy field from 13.7 to 8.5 kOe. Altogether, the power consumption ratio is calculated based on the derived parameter and result shows that requiring power reaches only 56.0% at 30 ions/nm2. This analysis suggests that more efficient SOT device engineering is possible by Helium ion irradiation.