bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing, pace and controls on ice sheet retreat: an introduction to the BRITICE‐CHRONO transect reconstructions of the British–Irish Ice Sheet
Authors: Clark Chris D. , Chiverrell Richard C. , Fabel Derek , Hindmarsh Richard C. A. , Ó Cofaigh Colm , Scourse James D. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTMotivated to help improve the robustness of predictions of sea level rise, the BRITICE‐CHRONO project advanced knowledge of the former British–Irish Ice Sheet, from 31 to 15 ka, so that it can be used as a data‐rich environment to improve ice sheet modelling. The project comprised over 40 palaeoglaciologists, covering expertise in terrestrial and marine geology and geomorphology, geochronometric dating and the modelling of ice sheets and oceans. A systematic and directed campaign, organised across eight transects from the continental shelf edge to a short distance (10s of kilometres) onshore, was used to collect 914 samples which yielded 639 new ages, tripling the number of dated sites constraining the timing and rates of change of the collapsing ice sheet. This special issue synthesises these findings of ice advancing to the maximum extent and its subsequent retreat for each of the eight transects to produce definitive palaeogeographic reconstructions of ice margin positions across the marine to terrestrial transition. These results are used to understand the controls that drove or modulated ice sheet retreat. A further paper reports on how ice sheet modelling experiments and empirical data can be used in combination, and another probes the glaciological meaning of ice‐rafted debris.
Survival of the thickest? Impacts of extreme wave‐forcing on marsh seedlings are mediated by species morphology
Authors: Schoutens Ken , Reents Svenja , Nolte Stefanie , Evans Ben , Paul Maike , Kudella Matthias , Bouma Tjeerd , Möller Iris , Temmerman Stijn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough tidal marshes are known for their coastal defense function during storm surges, the impact of extreme wave forcing on tidal marsh development is poorly understood. Seedling survival in the first season after germination, which may involve exposure to extreme wave events, is crucial for the natural establishment and human restoration of marshes. We hypothesize that species‐specific plant traits plays a significant role in seedlings survival and response to wave induced stress, i.e., through stem bending and uprooting. To test this hypothesis, seedlings of pioneer species (Bolboschoenus maritimus, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Spartina anglica, and Puccinellia maritima) with contrasting biophysical traits were placed in the Large Wave Flume in Hannover (Germany) and exposed to storm wave conditions. Seedlings of P. maritima and S. anglica experienced a lower loss rate and bending angle after wave exposure compared to S. tabernaemontani and especially B. maritimus. The higher loss rates of B. maritimus and S. tabernaemontani result from deeper scouring around the stem base. Scouring depth was larger around stems of greater diameter and higher resistance to bending. Here, B. maritimus and S. tabernaemontani have both thicker and stiffer stems than S. anglica and P. maritima. Our results show that especially seedlings with thicker stems suffer from erosion and scouring, and have the highest risk of being lost during extreme wave events. This implies that for successful seedling establishment and eventually the establishment of a mature tidal marsh vegetation, the species composition and their capacity to cope with storm wave disturbances is crucial.
Stoichiometric imbalances complicate prediction of phytoplankton biomass in U.S. lakes: Implications for nutrient criteria
Authors: Moon David L. , Scott J. Thad , Johnson Tom R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing National Lakes Assessment data, we evaluated the influence of total N (TN), total P (TP), and other variables on lake chlorophyll‐a concentrations. With simple linear regressions, high TN/TP samples biased predictions based on TN, and low TN/TP samples biased predictions based on TP. The bias problem was corrected, and correlation was improved, by splitting the dataset at the TN/TP ratio we estimated to be indicative of a balanced supply and developing separate regressions that predict chlorophyll‐a based on TP, TN, dissolved inorganic N (DIN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nonalgal light attenuation, depth, area, latitude, elevation, and conductivity. Both nutrients were excellent predictors, and nonalgal light attenuation was the next most influential predictor. The regression analysis suggested that a potential for P only limitation (high TN/TP, 17% of samples) or N only limitation (low TN/TP, 14% of samples) can be inferred at the extremes of the TN/TP range. However, 69% of samples had an intermediate TN/TP ratio where it is difficult to infer anything about potential nutrient limitations (biomass could be N limited, P limited, N and P co‐limited, or not limited by nutrients at all). Our results show that when developing phytoplankton response relationships using cross‐lake datasets that span a wide range of trophic states, it is important to consider whether and how biomass is influenced by confounding factors—such as differences in the relative supply of N and P—so that biomass is not underestimated or overestimated, and nutrient criteria are not under‐protective or over‐protective.
A Dual Physical Cross‐Linking Strategy to Construct Tough Hydrogels with High Strength, Excellent Fatigue Resistance, and Stretching‐Induced Strengthening Effect
Authors: Yang Qianyu , Gao Chen , Zhang Xuemei , Tsou Chihui , Zhao Xingyu , De Guzman Manuel Reyes , Pu Zejun , Li Xinyue , Lu Yue , Zeng Chunyan , Yuan Li , Xia Yiqing , Sheng Yuping , Fu Yiqing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydrogels with excellent stiffness, toughness, anti‐fatigue, and self‐recovery properties are regarded as promising water‐containing materials. In this work, a dual physically cross‐linked (DPC) sodium alginate (SA)/poly[acrylamide (AAm)‐acrylic acid (AAc)‐octadecyl methacrylate (OMA)]‐Fe3+ hydrogel is reported, which is constructed by hydrophobic association (HA) and ionic coordination (IC). The optimal DPC hydrogel demonstrates excellent mechanical performance: tensile modulus of 0.65 MPa, tensile strength of 3.31 MPa, elongation at break of 1547%, and toughness of 27.8 MJ m–3. SA/P(AAm‐AAc‐OMA)‐Fe3+ DPC hydrogels also exhibit prominent anti‐fatigue and self‐recovery performance (99.1–109.7% modulus recovery and 90.4–108.9% dissipated energy recovery after resting for 5 min without additional stimuli at ambient temperature) through the reconstruction of reversible physical cross‐linking. Some of the SA/P(AAm‐AAc‐OMA)‐Fe3+ DPC hydrogels even exhibit a stretching‐induced strengthening effect, which is similar to the performance of muscle—“the more training, the more strength.” Hence, the combination of HA and IC will provide an effective approach to design DPC hydrogels with desirable mechanical performances and a longer service life for wider applications of soft materials.
Identification of novel mutation in RANKL by whole‐exome sequencing in a Thai family with osteopetrosis; a case report and review of RANKL osteopetrosis
Authors: Lertwilaiwittaya Pongtawat , Suktitipat Bhoom , Khongthon Phongphak , Pongsapich Warut , Limwongse Chanin , Pithukpakorn Manop 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsteopetrosis is a rare form of skeletal dysplasia characterized by increased bone density that leads to bone marrow failure, compressive neuropathy, and skeletal dysmorphism. Molecular diagnosis is essential as it guides treatment and prognosis. We report Thai siblings with an ultra‐rare form of osteopetrosis.MethodsThe older brother and the younger sister presented with chronic mandibular osteomyelitis in their 20s. Since childhood, they had visual impairment, pathological fracture, and skeletal dysmorphism.Quadruplet whole‐exome sequencing was performed and confirmed with Sanger sequencing. Novel mutation in TNFSF11 (RANKL) c.842T>G, p.Phe281Cys was identified in a homozygous state in both siblings.ResultsSurgical debridement, antibiotic, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy were used and discontinued over a 6‐month period with normalization of C‐reactive protein. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation candidacy was excluded by molecular diagnosis.ConclusionWe report a novel mutation in an ultra‐rare form of osteopetrosis. Our siblings manifested with a milder phenotype in comparison with nine cases previously published.
Solidarity economy cooperatives: The impact of governance and gender on member income
Authors: Teixeira Emidio Gressler , Marconatto Diego Antônio Bittencourt , Dias Marcelo Fernandes Pacheco , Auler Daniel Pedro , Wegner Douglas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to identify the most effective governance configurations, including gender composition, for the creation and amplification of solidarity economy cooperative (SEC) members' income. It is known that the governance of these organizations affects their ability to provide work and income to millions of disfranchised people around the world. However, the relationship between the governance of SECs, their members' gender, and their income remains under‐investigated and under‐theorized. To bridge this gap, we employ the qualitative comparative analysis method to investigate different dimensions of the governance of 327 small Brazilian SECs. Our results indicate two governance configurations that are highly likely to lead to the production and increase of members' income. In general, our results show that the most successful SECs in this regard are those that adopt more traditional governance structures and have a prevalence of male members. Our findings also indicate that democratic aspect of SEC governance must be coupled with other governance structures in order to deliver the expected results. Our results will be of interest to both scholars and SEC leaders for better understanding and managing the connection between the governance of these organizations and their members' income generation.
Comparative analysis of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Wilms tumor in the United Kingdom and Japan
Authors: Nakata Kayo , Williams Richard , Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Koshinaga Tsugumichi , Moroz Veronica , Al‐Saadi Reem , Vujanic Gordan , Oue Takaharu , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWilms tumor (WT) demonstrates epidemiological differences by world region and ethnicity. To enhance understanding of these differences, we retrospectively analyzed clinical trial data sets from the UK and Japan over a 20‐year period.ProcedureWe used data from three consecutive clinical trials in the UK and a single study in Japan that enrolled patients diagnosed during 1996‐2015, to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between countries.ResultsDuring 1996‐2015, 1395 patients in the UK and 537 in Japan were included. Japanese patients have a significantly younger median age at diagnosis than those in the UK (28 months vs 39 months). The proportion of patients with stage IV, large tumors, and anaplastic histology appears to be higher in the UK than in Japan (18% vs 11%, 62% vs 49%, 8% vs 3%, respectively). During 2005‐2015, 77 hospitals treated WT in Japan compared with only 20 hospitals in the UK. Five‐year overall survival of patients with WT was over 90% in both countries, but five‐year event‐free survival of patients with stage IV was significantly lower in Japan than in the UK (50.0% vs 76.2%, P = 0.001).ConclusionsDifferences in age of onset, tumor size at diagnosis, and histology may reflect differences in the genetic background of patients with WT between countries, but population‐based phenotype‐genotype data are lacking. The difference in survival probability for stage IV patients may be due to different diagnostic criteria or different treatment strategies. Prospective, international clinical studies including genomic analyses are needed to confirm these findings and improve clinical practice.
The effect of carbon nanotubes modified polyurethane adhesive on the impact behavior of sandwich structures
Authors: Çetin Mehmet Emin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSandwich panels with aluminum honeycomb cores have emerged as an essential class of lightweight building materials in a wide variety of structural engineering areas, including marine, railway, aerospace, and automotive structures. Although sandwich structures offer remarkable mechanical properties, for instance, high specific strength and stiffness, these structures are open to the damage created by the low‐velocity impact. This study investigates the dynamic behavior of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels with different core cell sizes based on neat and multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced polyurethane (PU) adhesives that are aimed. The enhancement in impact performance of honeycomb sandwich structures obtained by the inclusion of MWCNTs in the PU adhesive is investigated. The effect of the MWCNT reinforcements on square sandwich panels at 50 J energy level is examined using an instrumented drop tower test setup. After acquiring load–time histories, the numerical integration method is implemented to obtain load–deflection and energy–time curves. Also, energy balance modeling (EBM) is utilized to characterize the effectualness of MWCNT reinforcement to PU adhesive on the impact behavior of sandwich panels. Theoretical EBM is confirmed that absorbed energy in the shear and bending deflections increased as the percentage of MWCNT‐added PU adhesive increases. Understanding the damage event implicated in absorbing and dissipating the impact energy is determined and compared for panels with different cell sizes, including nanoparticles, using the macroscopic optical images and microscopic scanning electron microscopy images of sandwich panels.
Front velocity dependence on vinyl ether and initiator concentration in radical‐induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxies
Authors: Groce Brecklyn R. , Gary Daniel P. , Cantrell Joseph K. , Pojman John A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFormulations containing vinyl ethers and epoxy were successfully polymerized through a radical‐induced cationic frontal polymerization mechanism, using an iodonium salt superacid generator with a peroxide thermal radical initiator and fumed silica as a filler. It was found that an increase of vinyl ether content resulted in higher front velocities for divinyl ethers in formulations with trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether. However, increased hydroxymonovinyl ether either decreased the front velocity or suppressed frontal polymerization. The kinetic effects of the superacid generator and thermal radical initiator with varying vinyl ether content were also studied. It was observed that increasing concentrations of initiators increased the front velocity, with the system exhibiting higher sensitivity to the superacid generator concentration.
SVECV‐f12: Benchmark of a composite scheme for accurate and cost effective evaluation of reaction barriers
Authors: Ventura Oscar N. , Kieninger Martina , Katz Aline , Vega‐Teijido Mauricio , Segovia Marc , Irving Kenneth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA simple composite scheme is presented and benchmarked against the 38 reactions in Truhlar's HTBH38/08 and NHTBH38/08 databases. Mean unsigned deviation (MUD) for the complete set of 68 independent barriers is 0.40 kcal mol−1, compared to 1.31 kcal mol−1for G4 and 1.62 kcal mol−1for the M06‐2X‐D3 method. The MUD of the new scheme on the barriers in the DBH24/08 subset (12 out of the 38 reactions in the other sets) is 0.27 kcal mol−1, better than that obtained at the expensive CCSD(T,full)/aug‐cc‐pCV(T+d)Z level (0.46 kcal mol−1) and comparable to the most exact (and costly) Wn calculations (MUD = 0.14 kcal mol−1). The method was further tested against a subset of reactions, for which the geometry and energies of all species were determined at the much more demanding CCSD(T)‐F12//pVQZ‐F12 level. The SVECV‐f12 procedure on this database results in RMSE and MUD values of only 0.21 and 0.16 kcal mol−1.
Role of digital technology in freshwater biodiversity monitoring through citizen science during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Dwivedi Arvind Kumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCitizen Science plays a vital role in monitoring biodiversity. However, it has been challenging for scientists to interact with citizens involved in biodiversity monitoring during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In such circumstances, digital technology can serve as a tool for biodiversity monitoring through the cooperation between citizens and scientists. Trained volunteers can share ecological data, photographs, and videos of the species, and disturbances within ecosystems, due to anthropological activities through various digital platforms, such as Email, WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, and mobile apps designed for this purpose. The Wildlife Institute of India has taken the initiative by launching an android app “Ganga Data Collector” and Facebook pages “Glimpses of Ganga” and “Ganga Rejuvenation” as part of the “Biodiversity Conservation and Ganga Rejuvenation” project with an objective to monitor the biodiversity of the Ganga River involving the local community known as “Guardians of the Ganga” or “Ganga Prahari.” These trained volunteers can share photos and videos of recorded species, their mortality and rescue operations along with water quality data and prohibited activities like illegal fishing and habitat degradation due to pollution and mining. Professionals around the world employed in freshwater biodiversity monitoring could follow the same strategy to overcome the present COVID‐19 pandemic crisis and prepare to monitor biodiversity during future lock‐downs.
Recent Advances in Multidimensional (1D, 2D, and 3D) Composite Sensors Derived from MXene: Synthesis, Structure, Application, and Perspective
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Meiyun , Yang Bin , Tan Jiaojun , Ding Xueyao , Li Weiwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the advent of the era of intelligent manufacturing, sensors, with various detection objects, have set off a wave of enthusiasm and reached new heights in medical treatment, intelligent industry, daily life, and so on. MXene, as an emerging family of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides, possesses impressive electrical conductivity, outstanding structural controllability, and satisfying universality with other substrates. Consequently, MXene‐based sensors with various functions show a booming growth based on great research potential of MXene. To promote the orderly and efficient development of MXene application in sensors, and further accelerate market‐scale application of ideal sensors, in this review, a full range research effort on current MXene‐based sensors is summarized. Starting with various synthesis methods of the raw material MXene, a comprehensive summary work along with 1D, 2D, or 3D MXene‐based sensors on most recent works is put forward, including the preparation method, characteristic structure, and potential sensing application of each type of MXene‐based composite sensors. Ultimately, insights of the opportunities and challenges on the strength of the current reported MXene‐based sensor are given.
Intepirdine as adjunctive therapy to donepezil for mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 clinical trial (MINDSET)
Authors: Lang Frederick M. , Mo Yi , Sabbagh Marwan , Solomon Paul , Boada Merce , Jones Roy W. , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Grimmer Timo , Dubois Bruno , Harnett Mark , Friedhoff Sarah R. , Coslett Shari , Cummings Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionA previous phase 2b study supported the use of the 5‐HT6 receptor antagonist intepirdine as adjunctive therapy to donepezil for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. A phase 3 study, MINDSET, was performed to test this hypothesis.MethodsMINDSET was a global, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial in 1315 mild‐to‐moderate AD dementia patients on stable donepezil. Patients received 35 mg/day intepirdine or placebo for 24 weeks. The co‐primary endpoints were change from baseline to week 24 on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive Subscale (ADAS‐Cog) and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study‐Activities of Daily Living (ADCS‐ADL).ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between intepirdine and placebo groups (adjusted mean [95% confidence interval]) on the co‐primary endpoints ADAS‐Cog (−0.36 [−0.95, 0.22], P = 0.2249) and ADCS‐ADL (−0.09 [−0.90, 0.72], P = 0.8260). Intepirdine demonstrated a favorable safety profile similar to placebo.DiscussionIntepirdine as adjunctive therapy to donepezil did not produce statistical improvement over placebo on cognition or activities of daily living in mild‐to‐moderate AD dementia patients.
Molecularly confirmed Echinococcus equinus infection in a UK horse with concurrent intestinal disease
Authors: Ferreira Helena , Fews Debra , Grimm Felix , Silva Gonçalo , Macaulay Ewan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 15‐year‐old Cob mare presented with a 1‐year history of weight loss. Blood work was compatible with inflammation and abdominal ultrasonography showed mild thickening of the intestinal wall and a hypoechoic cystic structure in the liver. Despite medical treatment, euthanasia was elected due to further weight loss and poor welfare. Necropsy revealed a cyst in the liver containing hydatid sand. Cytology of the cystic fluid and histopathology of the cyst wall confirmed infection by a metacestode. PCR of the cystic fluid yielded a sequence identical to that documented for the COX1 gene of Echinococcus equinus. Histopathology of a thickened area of intestine noted at post‐mortem was suggestive of mild lymphoplasmacytic enteritis and this was suspected to be the cause of clinical disease. The metacestode infection was considered sub‐clinical. Routine speciation of hydatid cysts using PCR should improve assessment of the epidemiology of E. equinus and help monitor its zoonotic potential.
[Nb6Cl12(CH3OH)4(OCH3)2] ⋅ DABCO ⋅ 1.66 CH2Cl2: Cluster Units Wrapped in a Network of Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Sperlich Eric , Köckerling Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn easy‐to‐do synthesis for the hexanuclear niobium cluster compound [Nb6Cl12(CH3OH)4(OCH3)2] ⋅ DABCO ⋅ 1.66 CH2Cl2 has been developed. An one‐pot reaction between the cluster precursor [Nb6Cl14(H2O)4] ⋅ 4H2O and methanol with the addition of DABCO leads to the crystallization of the title compound in high yield within a few minutes. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure of this cluster compound has been determined. Very strong, nearly symmetric intercluster hydrogen bonds Nb6−MeO⋅⋅⋅H⋅⋅⋅OMe−Nb6 are present between the cluster units. A bridging co‐crystalline DABCO molecule is also involved in a three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonding network.
N‐nacnac stabilized tetrylenes: access to silicon hydride systems via migration processes
Authors: Cao Huan Do Dinh , Kolychev Eugene L. , Hicks Jamie , Aldridge Simon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of an amino‐functionalized β‐diketiminate (′N‐nacnac′) ligand in low‐valent silicon chemistry is investigated. In particular, the use of (LDipp)SiCl (LDipp=HC{(Me2N)CNDipp}2) to generate silicon‐containing products via metathesis chemistry is explored, in light of previously reported complications arising from heterocycle ring contraction. In the case of Na[C5H5], chloride metathesis is accompanied not by rearrangement of the N‐nacnac ligand, but by a C‐to‐Si hydrogen migration process, generating the hydridosilicon(IV) species (LDipp)Si(H)(C5H4), which features a silafulvene core. The potential intermediate arising from initial chloride/cyclopentadienide substitution can be modelled by the chemistry of the corresponding Ge(II) and Sn(II) systems, which generate (LDipp)E(η1−C5H5) (E=Ge, Sn) via straightforward metathesis chemistry. A Si(II) hydride species can be generated from (LDipp)SiCl via metathesis by making use of a d‐block reagent which can act as both hydride source and coordinative trap for (LDipp)SiH. Thus, the reaction of (LDipp)SiCl with K[(η5−C5H4Me)Mn(CO)2H] leads to the formation of (η5−C5H4Me)Mn(CO)2{Si(H)LDipp} – the first silylene complex containing this half‐sandwich manganese fragment.