bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation: Four Chemiluminescent SARS-Cov-2 Immunoassays and Rapid-Card Test in Mild Disease and Seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 in Frontline Healthcare Workers
Authors: Setia Rasika , Dogra Mitu , Handoo Anil , Thangavel Gokhula Prasath , Yadav Ramesh , Barman Purabi , Kapoor Raj Kumar , Rahman Amena Ebadur 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic raised a host of challenges to modern medicine. Key amongst these were in diagnostics, as most SARS-CoV-2 assays had been rapidly developed and released under emergency-use authorization with limited validation on clinical samples and secondly, an increased risk of COVID-19 infection to healthcare workers (HCW). There are limited inter-assay comparisons to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cases with milder symptoms of COVID-19, necessary to evaluate whether assays can detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients with mild infection.
Aim: Therefore this study aimed to evaluate the performance of four chemiluminescence immunoassays and a rapid immunochromatographic assay in 100 rRT-PCR diagnosed-recovered frontline HCW with milder COVID-19 disease and secondly to evaluate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the asymptomatic frontline HCW at a multispeciality hospital in Delhi, India. Study Design: Serum and plasma samples were obtained from 100 rRT-PCR diagnosed-recovered frontline HCWs with mild disease working across the hospital, and performance of four common chemiluminescence immunoassays evaluated. Also samples of 505 asymptomatic, frontline HCWs working in hospital, who had not developed or shown any symptoms of COVID-19 infection to date was collected and the seroprevalence of infection was evaluated.
Place and Duration of the Study: A study was conducted at BLK Superspeciality Hospital, New Delhi from September to October 2020.
Methods: Four chemiluminescence immunoassays [Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Nucleocapsid), Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total (Nucleocapsid), Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics: VITROS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Spike) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total (Spike)] and a rapid assay [Medsource Ozone Biomedicals] were evaluated in 100 rRT-PCR diagnosed-recovered frontline HCW with mild disease. Also, seroprevalence was studied in 505 asymptomatic, frontline HCW.
Results: At manufacturers' thresholds, overall sensitivity for Abbott was 71%, Roche 96%, Ortho (both total and IgG(S) 99% and rapid card 56%. Seroprevalence in asymptomatic frontline HCW was found to be 17.6%, with positivity being higher in the HCW group not facing patients directly compared to direct patient caregivers (P = 0.0034).
Conclusion: Assay performance depends on assay design (total IgM & IgG antibodies versus IgG alone), choice of antigen, and time of sample testing from the onset of disease. In our study, Ortho Vitros total-Ab; IgG (Spike), and Roche Elecsys total-Ab (Nucleocapsid) assays were found to have optimal sensitivity. A seroprevalence study in the frontline HCWs at our institute showed that seroprevalence was higher (17.6%) in HCWs in comparison to the community.
Evaluation of the Split-crest Technique with SimultaneousImplant Placement in Atrophic Edentulous Maxillary and Mandibular Bone: A 5-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Hamdan HoussamAbou , Aoun Georges , Nassar Jean , Salame Talal H. 
Published: May 2021

Aim: To evaluate the behavior of the alveolar ridge split technique in a series of surgical cases.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty implants were included in this study for a total of 60 patients. The surgeries consisted of a mid-crestal incision and subsequent bone management with a piezoelectric system. The implants were placed after the alveolar bone was expanded by about 3mm and present bony defects were filled by a mixture of 50% autogenous bone and a xenograft (Bio-Oss®). Bone fracture of the buccal alveolar plate occurred in 8 cases, and those were stabilized with osteosynthesis screws. Implants were simultaneously placed in 140 cases, out of them 4 failures occurred due to membrane exposition.
Results: The osseointegration success was estimated to be 97.5%.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the bone splitting/expansion seem to be a reliable, predictable, relatively noninvasive technique with limited intraoperative complications.
Clinical significance: The study revealed that the alveolar ridge split can be used as an effective technique for atrophic edentulous maxillary and mandibular bone
Efficacy of Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema through Frequency-Doubled ND:YAG Laser (532NM) Green Laser
Authors: Gopang Zakaullah , Bhutto Shabeer Ahmed , Abbasi Safder Ali , Abbasi Fayaz Ali , Nagdev Vijay 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the efficacy of Frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser (532 nm) green laser in treatment of diabetic macular edema
Study Design: This is a descriptive case series study.
Setting: Study carried out at Ophthalmology Department, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, from 01-10-2019 to 31-03-2020 (06 months).
Materials and Methods: The patients with diabetic macular edema and were advised focal laser photocoagulation with help of frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser (532 nm) green laser. Improvement in visual acuity >2 lines after 3 months on snellen’s chart from the baseline was labeled as efficacy positive.
Results: The total of 150 patients were included to assess efficacy of frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser (532 nm) green laser in treating diabetic macular edema as a result improvement in visual acuity of 98 (65.33%) and no improvement or same vision in 52 (34.67%) patients was observed.
Conclusion: It is to be concluded that frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser (532 nm) green laser is an effective, useful and non-invasive diagnostic tool in treating diabetic macular edema.
No strong HLA association with MOG antibody disease in the UK population
Authors: Grant‐Peters Melissa , Passos Giordani Rodrigues Dos , Yeung Hing‐Yuen , Jacob Anu , Huda Saif , Leite Maria Isabel , Dendrou Calliope A. , Palace Jacqueline 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImprovements in assays for detecting serum antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) have led to the appreciation of MOG‐antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) as a novel disorder. However, much remains unknown about its etiology. We performed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) analysis in 82 MOGAD patients of European ancestry in the UK population. No HLA class II associations were observed, thus questioning the mechanism of anti‐MOG antibody generation. A weak protective association of HLA‐C*03:04 was observed (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.10‐0.71, pc = 0.013), suggesting a need for continued efforts to better understand MOGAD genetics and pathophysiology.
Conducting Polymer‐Ionic Liquid Electrode Arrays for High‐Density Surface Electromyography
Authors: Velasco‐Bosom Santiago , Karam Nuzli , Carnicer‐Lombarte Alejandro , Gurke Johannes , Casado Nerea , Tomé Liliana C. , Mecerreyes David , Malliaras George G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSurface electromyography (EMG) is used as a medical diagnostic and to control prosthetic limbs. Electrode arrays that provide large‐area, high density recordings have the potential to yield significant improvements in both fronts, but the need remains largely unfulfilled. Here, digital fabrication techniques are used to make scalable electrode arrays that capture EMG signals with mm spatial resolution. Using electrodes made of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) composites with the biocompatible ionic liquid (IL) cholinium lactate, the arrays enable high quality spatiotemporal recordings from the forearm of volunteers. These recordings allow to identify the motions of the index, little, and middle fingers, and to directly visualize the propagation of polarization/depolarization waves in the underlying muscles. This work paves the way for scalable fabrication of cutaneous electrophysiology arrays for personalized medicine and highly articulate prostheses.
Bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction enhanced nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater containing ammonia and sulfate
Authors: Ren Jiaqi , Wu Gaoming , Xia Zheng , Wang Mingming , Wei Jun , Yang Bin , Hou Yang , Lei Lecheng , Wu Di , Li Zhongjian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLow organic carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio and existing sulfate (SO42−) in industrial wastewater limited nitrogen removal. Coupling SO42− reduction with sulfide autotrophic denitrification provides a novel strategy. Herein, bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction was coupled with heterotrophic sulfate reduction to drive sulfide autotrophic denitrification. In this coupled system, total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was increased from ~25% to ~85% by inputting −45 mA electricity. With the help of supplying electrons to denitrification through SO42− reduction, coulomb efficiency was improved to 61.5%. Also, bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction could improve sulfur recovery and thus increase TN removal efficiency. Furthermore, through tuning turnover numbers of SO42−, high TN removal efficiency can be obtained at various concentrations of SO42−. Moreover, main functional bacteria in this system were identified. Finally, ~75% TN removal efficiency was achieved with real wastewater in this system. Overall, this work offered a new approach for efficient nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater containing SO42−.
Inotuzumab ozogamicin with bosutinib for relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoid blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jain Nitin , Maiti Abhishek , Ravandi Farhad , Konopleva Marina , Daver Naval , Kadia Tapan , Pemmaraju Naveen , Short Nicholas , Kebriaei Partow , Ning Jing , Cortes Jorge , Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRelapsed/refractory (R/R) Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) and lymphoid blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (LBP‐CML) have poor outcomes. We designed a phase 1/2 study combining inotuzumab ozogamicin with bosutinib for this patient population. Patients with T315I mutation were excluded. Bosutinib was administered daily at three dose levels (300 mg/d, 400 mg/d, 500 mg/d) in a 3 + 3 design. Inotuzumab ozogamicin was dosed weekly during cycle one, and once every 4 weeks subsequently for a total of six cycles. The primary objective was to determine the safety and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of bosutinib in combination with inotuzumab ozogamicin. Eighteen patients were enrolled (Ph‐positive ALL, n = 16; LBP‐CML, n = 2). The median age was 62 years (range, 19–74) and the median number of prior therapies was one (range, 1–5). Dose limiting toxicities included grade 3 skin rash and bosutinib 400 mg daily was determined as the MTD. The most frequent grade 3/4 treatment‐emergent adverse events were thrombocytopenia (60%) and neutropenia (38%). A complete response (CR) / CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) was achieved in 15/18 (83%) patients; 11/18 (61%) patients achieved negative measurable residual disease by flow cytometry. Complete molecular response was noted in 10/18 (56%) patients. The 30‐day mortality was 0%. After a median follow‐up of 44 months, the median duration of response and overall survival were 7.7 months and 13.5 months, respectively. Six patients had a subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplant. No patient developed veno‐occlusive disease. Inotuzumab ozogamicin with bosutinib was well tolerated in R/R Ph‐positive ALL and LBP‐CML.
TMEM106B and CPOX are genetic determinants of cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarker levels
Authors: Hong Shengjun , Dobricic Valerija , Ohlei Olena , Bos Isabelle , Vos Stephanie J. B. , Prokopenko Dmitry , Tijms Betty M. , Andreasson Ulf , Blennow Kaj , Vandenberghe Rik , Gabel Silvy , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Frisoni Giovanni , Blin Olivier , Richardson Jill C. , Bordet Regis ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Lleó Alberto , Alcolea Daniel , Popp Julius , Clark Christopher , Peyratout Gwendoline , Martinez‐Lage Pablo , Tainta Mikel , Dobson Richard J. B. , Legido‐Quigley Cristina , Sleegers Kristel , Van Broeckhoven Christine , Tanzi Rudolph E. , ten Kate Mara , Wittig Michael , Franke Andre , Lill Christina M. , Barkhof Frederik , Lovestone Simon , Streffer Johannes , Zetterberg Henrik , Visser Pieter Jelle , Bertram Lars 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionNeurofilament light (NfL), chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40), and neurogranin (Ng) are biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) to monitor axonal damage, astroglial activation, and synaptic degeneration, respectively.MethodsWe performed genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using DNA and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from the EMIF‐AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study for discovery, and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study for validation analyses. GWAS were performed for all three CSF biomarkers using linear regression models adjusting for relevant covariates.ResultsWe identify novel genome‐wide significant associations between DNA variants in TMEM106B and CSF levels of NfL, and between CPOX and YKL‐40. We confirm previous work suggesting that YKL‐40 levels are associated with DNA variants in CHI3L1.DiscussionOur study provides important new insights into the genetic architecture underlying interindividual variation in three AD‐related CSF biomarkers. In particular, our data shed light on the sequence of events regarding the initiation and progression of neuropathological processes relevant in AD.
Stable Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Copper(II/I) Redox Mediators Bearing a Pentadentate Ligand
Authors: Rui Hailong , Shen Junyu , Yu Ze , Li Lihua , Han Hongxian , Sun Licheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, copper redox mediators have attracted growing interest in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). However, experiments revealed that ubiquitously used Lewis‐base additives in the electrolytes coordinate to the CuII species, which restricts further enhancement of device performance and stability. We report the application of copper complexes endowed with diamine‐tripyridine pentadentate ligands, [Cu(tpe)]2+/+ (tpe=N‐benzyl‐N,N′,N′‐tris(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethylenediamine) and [Cu(tme)]2+/+ (tme=N‐benzyl‐N,N′,N′‐tris(6‐methylpyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethylenediamine), as redox mediators in DSCs. Experimental measurements demonstrate that the coordination environment of Cu(II) complexes with pentadentate ligands remains unchanged in the presence of TBP, which is in stark contrast to the state‐of‐the‐art bipyridyl counterpart. DSCs based on [Cu(tme)]2+/+ complexes exhibit an excellent long‐term stability and maintain more than 90 % of the initial efficiency after 400 h under continuous illumination, which outperform the reference devices incorporating the bipyridyl counterpart (less than 80 %) under identical conditions.
Kirkendall Effect Boosts Phosphorylated nZVI for Efficient Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Li Meiqi , Shang Huan , Li Hao , Hong Yanfeng , Ling Cancan , Wei Kai , Zhou Biao , Mao Chengliang , Ai Zhihui , Zhang Lizhi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRemoval of non‐biodegradable heavy metals has been the top priority in wastewater treatment and the development of green technologies remains a significant challenge. We demonstrate that phosphorylated nanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI) is promising for removal of heavy metals (NiII, CuII, CrVI, HgII) via a boosted Kirkendall effect. Phosphorylation confines tensile hoop stress on the nZVI particles and “breaks” the structurally dense spherical nZVI to produce numerous radial nanocracks. Exemplified by NiII removal, the radial nanocracks favor the facile inward diffusion of NiII and the rapid outward transport of electrons and ferrous ions through the oxide shell for surface (NiII/electron) and boundary (NiII/Fe0) galvanic exchange. Accompanied by a pronounced hollowing phenomenon, phosphorylated nZVI can instantly reduce and immobilize NiII throughout the oxide shell with a high capacity (258 mg Ni g−1 Fe). For real electroplating factory wastewater treatment, this novel nZVI performs simultaneous NiII and CuII removal, producing effluent of stable quality that meets local discharge regulations.
Heteroaromatic Hyperbranched Polyelectrolytes: Multicomponent Polyannulation and Photodynamic Biopatterning
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Xiao Minghui , Xue Ke , Li Mingzhao , Liu Dongming , Wang Yong , Yang Xinzhe , Hu Yubing , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Qin Anjun , Zhu Chunlei , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe reported an efficient multicomponent polyannulation for in situ generation of heteroaromatic hyperbranched polyelectrolytes by using readily accessible internal diynes and low‐cost, commercially available arylnitriles, NaSbF6, and H2O/AcOH. The polymers were obtained in excellent yields (up to 99 %) with extraordinary high molecular weights (Mw up to 1.011×106) and low polydispersity indices. The resulting polymers showed good processibility and high quantum yields with tunable emission in the solid state, making them ideal materials for highly ordered fluorescent photopatterning. These hyperbranched polyelectrolytes also possessed strong ability to generate reactive oxygen species, which allowed their applications in efficient bacterial killing and customizable photodynamic patterning of living organisms in a simple and cost‐effective way.
Katalytische Erzeugung von Carbanionen durch Carbonyl‐Umpolung
Authors: Wang Shun , König Burkhard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCarbonyl‐Umpolung ist eine leistungsstarke Strategie in der organischen Chemie, um komplexe Moleküle zu konstruieren. In den letzten Jahren wurden vielseitige katalytische Ansätze für die Erzeugung von Acylanionenäquivalenten aus Carbonylen entwickelt, aber Methoden zur katalytischen Gewinnung von Alkyl‐Carbanionen aus Carbonylen sind noch in einem frühen Stadium. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst die jüngsten Fortschritte bei der Erzeugung von Alkyl‐Carbanionen durch katalytische Carbonyl‐Umpolung zusammen. Zwei verschiedene katalytische Ansätze können genutzt werden, um Alkyl‐Carbanionen aus Carbonylverbindungen zu erzeugen: Die katalytische Wolff‐Kishner‐Reaktion und die katalytische Einelektronenreduktion von Carbonylen und Iminen. Wir diskutieren den Reaktionsumfang, mechanistische Einsichten und synthetische Anwendungen der Methoden sowie mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen.
Rational Design of Crystallization‐Induced‐Emission Probes To Detect Amorphous Protein Aggregation in Live Cells
Authors: Shen Di , Jin Wenhan , Bai Yulong , Huang Yanan , Lyu Haochen , Zeng Lianggang , Wang Mengdie , Tang Yuqi , Wan Wang , Dong Xuepeng , Gao Zhenming , Piao Hai‐Long , Liu Xiaojing , Liu Yu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnlike amyloid aggregates, amorphous protein aggregates with no defined structures have been challenging to target and detect in a complex cellular milieu. In this study, we rationally designed sensors of amorphous protein aggregation from aggregation‐induced‐emission probes (AIEgens). Utilizing dicyanoisophorone as a model AIEgen scaffold, we first sensitized the fluorescence of AIEgens to a nonpolar and viscous environment mimicking the interior of amorphous aggregated proteins. We identified a generally applicable moiety (dimethylaminophenylene) for selective binding and fluorescence enhancement. Regulation of the electron‐withdrawing groups tuned the emission wavelength while retaining selective detection. Finally, we utilized the optimized probe to systematically image aggregated proteome upon proteostasis network regulation. Overall, we present a rational approach to develop amorphous protein aggregation sensors from AIEgens with controllable sensitivity, spectral coverage, and cellular performance.
Catalytic Generation of Carbanions through Carbonyl Umpolung
Authors: Wang Shun , König Burkhard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCarbonyl Umpolung is a powerful strategy in organic chemistry to construct complex molecules. Over the last few years, versatile catalytic approaches for the generation of acyl anion equivalents from carbonyl compounds have been developed, but methods to obtain alkyl carbanions from carbonyl compounds in a catalytic fashion are still at an early stage. This Minireview summarizes recent progress in the generation of alkyl carbanions through catalytic carbonyl Umpolung. Two different catalytic approaches can be utilized to enable the generation of alkyl carbanions from carbonyl compounds: the catalytic Wolff–Kishner reaction and the catalytic single‐electron reduction of carbonyl compounds and imines. We discuss the reaction scope, mechanistic insights, and synthetic applications of the methods as well as potential future developments.
DNA Framework‐Engineered Long‐Range Electrostatic Interactions for DNA Hybridization Reactions
Authors: Qu Zhibei , Zhang Yinan , Dai Zheze , Hao Yaya , Zhang Yichi , Shen Jianlei , Wang Fei , Li Qian , Fan Chunhai , Liu Xiaoguo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLong‐range electrostatic interactions beyond biomolecular interaction interfaces have not been extensively studied due to the limitation in engineering electric double layers in physiological fluids. Here we find that long‐range electrostatic interactions play an essential role in kinetic modulation of DNA hybridizations. Protein and gold nanoparticles with different charges are encapsulated in tetrahedral frameworks to exert diverse electrostatic effects on site‐specifically tethered single DNA strands. Using this strategy, we have successfully modulated the hybridization kinetics in both bulk solution and single molecule level. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that long‐range Coulomb interactions are the key factor for hybridization rates. This work validates the important role of long‐range electrostatic forces in nucleic acid‐biomacromolecule complexes, which may encourage new strategies of gene regulation, antisense therapy, and nucleic acid detection.
Synthesis of amphiphilic (meth)acrylates with oligo(ethylene glycol) and (or) oligo(propylene glycol) blocks by the esterification of (meth)acrylic acid
Authors: Orekhov Dmitry V. , Kazantsev Oleg A. , Orekhov Sergey V. , Sivokhin Alexey P. , Kamorin Denis M. , Simagin Alexander S. , Savinova Maria V. , Bolshakova Evgeniya A. , Korotaev Michail S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThermoresponsive PEG‐based (PEG stands polyethylene glycol) polymers are unique for use in medicine because of their low toxicity, good biocompatibility and biodegradability, but usually more hydrophobic and more toxic comonomers are used to adjust lower critical solution temperature (LCST). A convenient way to overcome this problem and to finely tune LCST is to use alkoxy oligo(ethylene glycol)‐ or alkoxy oligo(propylene glycol) (meth)acrylates as starting comonomers. Here we report on the conditions for the simple and affordable synthesis of methoxy oligo(propylene glycol) (meth)acrylate‐ and methoxy oligo(propylene glycol)‐block‐oligo(ethylene glycol) (meth)acrylate‐based macromonomers with high yields (80%–98.7%) by the acid‐catalyzed esterification of (meth)acrylic acid with alkoxy oligo(alkylene glycols) containing oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) and/or oligo(propylene glycol) (OPG) blocks. p‐Toluene sulphonic acid (pTSA), alkyl(C12–C14)benzene sulfonic acid (ABSA) and H2SO4 were used as catalysts. It has been shown that pTSA and ABSA are practically the same in catalytic activity and are superior to sulfuric acid. The reaction orders with respect to catalyst was found to be close to 1 in all cases. It has been shown that the reaction is actually insensitive to the lengths of OEG and OPG blocks, as well as to the structure of the terminal alkyl group, while the esterification of acrylic acid (AA) proceeds much faster compared to methacrylic acid (MAA) one under the same conditions. The influence of temperature on the equilibrium conversions of alcohols was determined, which were found to be 89%–93% for the esterification of AA and 61%–86% for MAA in the temperature range of 60–120°C. A further increase in conversion was achieved by introducing an azeotropic agent (toluene), its optimal concentration was found to be 10%–15%.