bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of an L-ary PPM MISO ground-to-satellite free-space laser link with an APD-based receiver over a Málaga turbulence channel in the presence of beam wander
Authors: Abouelez Ahmed Elsayed 
Published: December 2021

In this study, the performance analysis of

L

-ary pulse position modulation (

L

-PPM) and an avalanche photodiode (APD) receiver is investigated for a ground-station-to-low-Earth-orbit laser link. The performance is analyzed in the presence of spatial diversity in the transmitter side [i.e., a multiple-in single-out (MISO) scenario] under consideration of atmospheric turbulence and untracked beams where beam wandering effects occur. The modulated Málaga distribution is used to describe these two combined fading effects. At first, novel closed-form expressions of the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of Málaga distribution modulated by the beam wander effect in the case of MISO are deduced. We then derive an approximate expression for the upper bound of the average bit error rate (BER) in the case of

L

-PPM assuming a Gaussian model for the APD receiver in the presence of additive Gaussian thermal noise. The analytical expressions are verified by Monte Carlo simulations in the case of binary PPM, where the results are no longer upper bounds on the performance. Numerical results of the analytical upper-bound formula of the average BER are presented. For the system under consideration, the obtained results show that the effects of atmospheric turbulence and beam wandering for untracked beams can be effectively decreased by increasing the number of transmitters.
Under-recognition of medically unexplained symptom conditions among US Veterans with Gulf War Illness
Authors: Kane Naomi S. , Anastasides Nicole , Litke David R. , Helmer Drew A. , Hunt Stephen C. , Quigley Karen S. , Pigeon Wilfred R. , McAndrew Lisa M. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveConditions defined by persistent “medically unexplained” physical symptoms and syndromes (MUS) are common and disabling. Veterans from the Gulf War (deployed 1990–1991) have notably high prevalence and disability from MUS conditions. Individuals with MUS report that providers do not recognize their MUS conditions. Our goal was to determine if Veterans with MUS receive an ICD-10 diagnosis for a MUS condition or receive disability benefits available to them for these conditions.MethodsA chart review was conducted with US Veterans who met case criteria for Gulf War Illness, a complex MUS condition (N= 204,M= 53 years-old,SD= 7). Three coders independently reviewed Veteran’s medical records for MUS condition diagnosis or service-connection along with comorbid mental and physical health conditions. Service-connection refers to US Veterans Affairs disability benefits eligibility for conditions or injuries experienced during or exacerbated by military service.ResultsTwenty-nine percent had a diagnosis of a MUS condition in their medical record, the most common were irritable colon/irritable bowel syndrome (16%) and fibromyalgia (11%). Slightly more Veterans were service-connected for a MUS condition (38%) as compared to diagnosed. There were high rates of diagnoses and service-connection for mental health (diagnoses 76% and service-connection 74%), musculoskeletal (diagnoses 86%, service-connection 79%), and illness-related conditions (diagnoses 98%, service-connection 49%).ConclusionGiven that all participants were Gulf War Veterans who met criteria for a MUS condition, our results suggest that MUS conditions in Gulf War Veterans are under-recognized with regard to clinical diagnosis and service-connected disability. Veterans were more likely to be diagnosed and service-connected for musculoskeletal-related and mental health conditions than MUS conditions. Providers may need education and training to facilitate diagnosis of and service-connection for MUS conditions. We believe that greater acknowledgement and validation of MUS conditions would increase patient engagement with healthcare as well as provider and patient satisfaction with care.
A comparative study of hematological parameters between hypertensive and normotensive individuals in Harar, eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Sileshi Beza , Urgessa Fekadu , Wordofa Moges 
Published: December 2021

Background
Hypertension is the major public health concern; leading to cardiovascular disease. It is associated with alteration in hematological parameters which may lead to end-organ damage. Thus, this study aimed to compare hematological parameters between hypertensive and normotensive adult groups in Harar, eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March, 2020 at Jugel and Hiwotfana Specialized University hospital, Harar, eastern Ethiopia. Convenient sampling technique was used to recruit 102 hypertensive patients from the two hospitals and 102 apparently healthy blood donors. Participant’s socio-demographic and clinical information were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Blood sample were collected and analyzed by Beckman Coulter DxH 500 analyzer for complete blood count. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Independent t-test and Mann Whitney u-test was used for comparison between groups. Spearman’s correlation was used for correlation test. P values less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Result
102 hypertensive and 102 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The median ± IQR value of white blood cell (WBC) count, hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (HCT), red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were significantly higher in hypertensive group compared to apparently healthy control group. Additionally, RBC (red blood cell) count, HCT and RDW showed statistically significant positive correlations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. WBC count and RDW were significantly and positively correlated with body mass index (BMI). Platelet (PLT) count had a significant but negative correlation (r = -0.219, P = 0.027) with duration of hypertension illness while MPV showed positive and significant correlation (r = 0.255, P = 0.010).

Conclusion
The median values of WBC, Hgb, HCT, RDW and MPV were significantly higher in hypertensive patient compared to apparently healthy individuals. Hence, it is important to assess hematological parameters for hypertensive individuals which may help to prevent complications associated with hematological aberrations. However, further studies are required to understand hypertensive associated changes in hematological parameters.
No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in five Italian hospitals from 1st November 2019 to 29th February 2020
Authors: Panatto Donatella , Orsi Andrea , Pennati Beatrice Marina , Lai Piero Luigi , Mosca Stefano , Bruzzone Bianca , Caligiuri Patrizia , Napoli Christian , Bertamino Enrico , Orsi Giovanni Battista , Manini Ilaria , Loconsole Daniela , Centrone Francesca , Pandolfi Elisabetta , Ciofi Degli Atti Marta Luisa , Concato Carlo , Linardos Giulia , Onetti Muda Andrea , Raponi Massimiliano , Piccioni Livia , Rizzo Caterina , Chironna Maria , Icardi Giancarlo 
Published: December 2021

Background
On 9th January 2020, China CDC reported a novel coronavirus (later named SARS-CoV-2) as the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Identifying the first appearance of virus is of epidemiological importance to tracking and mapping the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a country. We therefore conducted a retrospective observational study to detect SARS-CoV-2 in oropharyngeal samples collected from hospitalized patients with a Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) enrolled in the DRIVE (Development of Robust and Innovative Vaccine Effectiveness) study in five Italian hospitals (CIRI-IT BIVE hospitals network) (1st November 2019 – 29th February 2020).

Objectives
To acquire new information on the real trend in SARS-CoV-2 infection during pandemic phase I and to determine the possible early appearance of the virus in Italy.

Materials and methods
Samples were tested for influenza [RT-PCR assay (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Yam, B/Vic)] in accordance with the DRIVE study protocol. Subsequently, swabs underwent molecular testing for SARS-COV-2. [one-step real-time multiplex retro-transcription (RT) PCR].

Results
In the 1683 samples collected, no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 was found. Moreover, 28.3% (477/1683) of swabs were positive for influenza viruses, the majority being type A (358 vs 119 type B). A/H3N2 was predominant among influenza A viruses (55%); among influenza B viruses, B/Victoria was prevalent. The highest influenza incidence rate was reported in patients aged 0–17 years (40.3%) followed by those aged 18–64 years (24.4%) and ≥65 years (14.8%).

Conclusions
In Italy, some studies have shown the early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in northern regions, those most severely affected during phase I of the pandemic. In central and southern regions, by contrast no early circulation of the virus was registered. These results are in line with ours. These findings highlight the need to continue to carry out retrospective studies, in order to understand the epidemiology of the novel coronavirus, to better identify the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in comparison with other acute respiratory illnesses (ARI), and to evaluate the real burden of COVID-19 on the healthcare system.
Jak w Czechosłowacji pojmowano filmy Munka i Wajdy, czyli film w kontekście zawikłanej historii
Authors: Hučková Jadwiga , Hučko Tomáš 
Published: December 2021

Films of Polish Film School, the most signifi cant formation in post-war history of Polish cinema, appeared in Czechoslovakia with several years of delay. Power feared that their message will be dangerous for spectators. Meanwhile – for viewers they remain unknown or diffi cult to understand and only a few critics and fi lm historians could read them in accordance with the intentions of the directors Andrzej Munk and Andrzej Wajda, being the main representatives of the stream.
Filmowcy amatorzy w Polsce przed rokiem 1939
Authors: Hendrykowska Małgorzata 
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the activities of Polish amateur filmmakers from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries to 1939. The development of amateur filmmaking was closely tied to advancements in the production of cameras and film. The first attempts to create an organized amateur filmmaking movement were made in the 1930s, when clubs and associations began to be formed. During this period, Polish amateur filmmakers had their first successes at European and international film festivals and events. The author discusses the most valuable extant pre-war amateur documentaries, and follows the discovery of new films dating back to before 1939. She also relates the “second life” of the oldest amateur films, which have been incorporated into contemporary documentaries.
Pierwsza ekranizacja Pana Twardowskiego
Authors: Hendrykowska Małgorzata , Hendrykowski Marek 
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the oldest recorded film adaptation of the legend of Pan Twardowski, found in the archives of the George Eastman House in Rochester, New York. The two-part feature film was filmed in Russia between 1916 and 1917, and its creator was the famed Polish filmmaker Władysław Starewicz.
Asphalt Fume Generation-Enrichment Device Development and Fume Production Estimation Model
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Meng , Nian Tengfei , Mao Yu , Lin Mei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although indoor asphalt fume production tests are widely used because of their convenient operation, good controllability, and high reliability, because of differences in asphalt morphology during heating, the experimental data from an indoor test cannot accurately reflect outdoor conditions. This article proposes an asphalt fume generation-enrichment system that can correlate indoor and outdoor fume production results. At the same time, we develop a reliable detection process, which is used to analyze the correlation between asphalt fume production and its heating temperature, heating time, and exposure area. We then summarize the applicable rules for asphalt-mixture fume production research. The present study shows that the conversion link between indoor asphalt fume production and asphalt mixture fume production is the rate of fume production, which is affected by the heating temperature, heating time, and exposed area of the asphalt. Because of differences in the threshold of the asphalt’s volatile organic compounds and the chemical reaction’s starting temperature, the asphalt fume production rate has a multiple function relationship with temperature, and because of the difference in the size of the fume generation channel, it has a linear function relationship with the asphalt’s exposed area. Thus, this study proposes prediction models for the fume production of two asphalts under different heating environments and provides a reference for calculating fume production of the asphalt and asphalt mixtures.
Chinese Culture in the Cirebon Sultanate: Symbolic and Philosophical Meanings
Authors: Mukhoyyaroh Mukhoyyaroh , Saepudin Didin , Tanggok M. Ikhsan 
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to explore the symbolic and philosophical meaning of the elements of Chinese culture in the Kasepuhan Palace, Cirebon. In this palace, there are many Chinese cultural ornaments that adorn this historical site. One of them is the Siti Inggil building, where there are walls pasted with Chinese ceramics. The primary data of this paper were obtained from the field by means of observation, documentation, and direct interviews. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative and semiotic methods with archaeological, anthropological, and socio-historical approaches. This article confirms that the Chinese ornaments in the Cirebon Sultanate prove the process of cultural acculturation between Chinese culture and Cirebon culture. In Chinese tradition, the dragon is a symbol of the Chinese emperor. while the image of the Phoenix bird is a symbol of the female emperor, peace and prosperity, and the image of the fish is a symbol of darkness and luxury.
Checklist of invertebrates and conspicuous fishes in rocky reefs and Sargassum beds in the North Pacific of Costa Rica
Authors: Suárez Alvin , Riosmena-Rodríguez Rafael , Cortés Jorge 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The marine biodiversity is well known in some areas and for some marine ecosystems of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The marine sector of Área de Conservación Guanacaste, in the North Pacific of the country, is a priority area for conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity.
Objective: Our aim was to increase the knowledge of marine biodiversity in a conservation priority site in Costa Rica and in poorly or scarcely studied marine ecosystems, such as rocky reefs and Sargassum beds, respectively.
Methods: The study was conducted in Bahía Salinas and Golfo de Santa Elena in 2013. In January, four rocky reefs were visited; while in February three rocky reefs and one Sargassum bed were visited. We identified the macroinvertebrates and conspicuous fish species through underwater visual census methods (timed swim and band transects). The mean density of each species was estimated through band transects method.
Results: A total of 25 invertebrates and 34 fish species were identified. We found a high number of species of invertebrates (23) and fish species (33) in rocky reefs, but few species on Sargassum beds (eight invertebrates and ten fish species). Species composition differed between marine ecosystems.
Conclusions: Our study further evidence the limited knowledge of invertebrates and fish communities in these marine ecosystems in the North Pacific of Costa Rica. Considerably more surveys and field work are required to support management decisions that are backed by sound scientific knowledge.
Diversity of white spot patterns in the eagle ray Aetobatus laticeps (Myliobatiformes: Aetobatidae) in the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Fallas-Madrigal Diego , Castelo-Corona Alejandra , Mejías Diego , Stephens-Cárdenas Steve , Astorga-Arias Jennyfer , Molina-Quirós José-L. , Hernández Sebastián 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The Pacific white-spotted eagle ray Aetobatus laticeps, has recently separated from the Atlantic A. narinari based on both morphological and genetic evidence. This species is characterized by a dark body with numerous white spots all over its dorsal side. Considering the type, shape, number, and distribution of these natural markings as potential identifiers at the individual level, we studied the variation in the spot patterns.
Objective: Describe and compare the white spot pattern (type and distribution) of individuals and evaluate their potential use as identifiers at the individual level.
Methods: We analyzed 54 videos (105 subsequent extracted photos) and 19 photographic records that were taken at different sites along the Pacific coast of northern Costa Rica.
Results: Seventeen distinctive types of white spots were identified across the entire dorsal side of the rays. Significant differences between each major body section (pectoral fins, back, head, and pelvic fins) were found in the type and frequency of white spots. The type ‘single spot’ was commonly distributed across the entire dorsal side, and the spot pattern on the pelvic fins was informative to identify 72 individuals.
Conclusions: The analysis of the type, shape, and distribution of white spots in A. laticeps determined several combinations of white spot patterns that be used for further taxonomic description and provide potential identification of the individual for future population studies along with its distribution.
Posibilidades de promoción social para los pescadores costeros de Playas del Coco, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, utilizando el Turismo Marino Sostenible
Authors: Palacios-Martínez Gerardo Emigdio , Núñez-Zamora  Ileana 
Published: December 2021

Introducción: Los pescadores en Playas del Coco, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, son vulnerables por el mal manejo y gestión de los recursos pesqueros y la pesca ilegal, excluyéndose de los beneficios otorgados por el Estado. Esto incide en que no cuenten con opciones que les permita crecer tanto a nivel económico como social.
Objetivo: Determinar una estrategia de promoción social para las personas en exclusión social de Playas del Coco.
Métodos: De febrero a septiembre 2018, se aplicó la Acción Participativa y la investigación Crítica, por medio de la entrevista semi estructurada y abierta, y la observación participante a miembros de la Asociación de Desarrollo, líderes comunales y pescadores de la zona, con edades entre los 17 y 40 años.
Resultados: Se establecieron las bases teórico prácticas para un trabajo interdisciplinario entre trabajo social, turismo y biología marina por medio de la estrategia de intervención para los pescadores artesanales de Playas del Coco basada en el Modelo Socioeducativo Promocional y se documentó la situación actual de los habitantes de esta región.
Conclusiones: La incursión del trabajo social en temas ambientales es viable, promocionando socialmente a los habitantes de Playas del Coco usando el turismo marino sostenible a través del modelo socioeducativo promocional.
Automated Segmentation of Kidney Cortex and Medulla in CT Images: A Multisite Evaluation Study
Authors: Korfiatis Panagiotis , Denic Aleksandar , Edwards Marie E. , Gregory Adriana V. , Wright Darryl E. , Mullan Aidan , Augustine Joshua , Rule Andrew D. , Kline Timothy L. 
Published: December 2021

Significance Statement
Volumetric measurements are needed to characterize kidney structural findings on CT images to evaluate and test their potential utility in clinical decision making. Deep learning can enable this task in a scalable and reliable manner. Although automated kidney segmentation has been previously explored, methods for distinguishing cortex from medulla have never been done before. In addition, automated methods are typically evaluated at a single institution, without testing generalizability and robustness across different institutions. The tool developed in this study performs at the level of human readers and could enable large diverse population studies to evaluate how kidney, cortex, and medulla volumes can be used in various clinical settings, and establish normative values at large scale.

Background
In kidney transplantation, a contrast CT scan is obtained in the donor candidate to detect subclinical pathology in the kidney. Recent work from the Aging Kidney Anatomy study has characterized kidney, cortex, and medulla volumes using a manual image-processing tool. However, this technique is time consuming and impractical for clinical care, and thus, these measurements are not obtained during donor evaluations. This study proposes a fully automated segmentation approach for measuring kidney, cortex, and medulla volumes.

Methods
A total of 1930 contrast-enhanced CT exams with reference standard manual segmentations from one institution were used to develop the algorithm. A convolutional neural network model was trained (n=1238) and validated (n=306), and then evaluated in a hold-out test set of reference standard segmentations (n=386). After the initial evaluation, the algorithm was further tested on datasets originating from two external sites (n=1226).

Results
The automated model was found to perform on par with manual segmentation, with errors similar to interobserver variability with manual segmentation. Compared with the reference standard, the automated approach achieved a Dice similarity metric of 0.94 (right cortex), 0.90 (right medulla), 0.94 (left cortex), and 0.90 (left medulla) in the test set. Similar performance was observed when the algorithm was applied on the two external datasets.

Conclusions
A fully automated approach for measuring cortex and medullary volumes in CT images of the kidneys has been established. This method may prove useful for a wide range of clinical applications.
Las Nociones Jurídicas Indeterminadas en el Derecho Administrativo y Sancionatorio: “Pandemia” y “Coronavirus” como Fundamento para Justificar la “Urgencia Manifiesta” en los Procesos Contractuales Territoriales
Authors: Daza Pérez Mario Felipe , Mondragón Duarte Sergio Luis 
Published: December 2021

El presente opúsculo plantea que el tema de las “nociones jurídicas indeterminadas” o de los “conceptos jurídicos determinados” no se debe únicamente al “derecho estatal”, sino que es esta área de conocimiento donde mayormente tiene presencia y conflicto este término que se torna confuso en la actualidad, específicamente en el orden jurídico actual.
Además, el tema en cuestión se concreta en problemas que también se suscitan dentro del Derecho Privado, por ejemplo, en la expresión: “enfiteusis” o “precio justo”, pues todo estas “definiciones” causan en principio “vaguedades e imprecisiones” en el lenguaje jurídico de la cual el “intérprete u operador jurídico” en últimas debe concretar frente un caso en particular para luego poder aplicarlo a una “solución justa”, que para los casos objeto de investigación se circunscriben académicamente a los temas del Derecho Administrativo, concernientes tanto a la Contratación Estatal como al Derecho Sancionatorio.