bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building a biopsychosocial model of cancer-related fatigue: the BIOCARE FActory cohort study protocol
Authors: Chartogne M. , Leclercq A. , Beaune B. , Boyas S. , Forestier C. , Martin T. , Thomas-Ollivier V. , Landry S. , Bourgeois H. , Cojocarasu O. , Pialoux V. , Zanna O. , Messonnier L. A. , Rahmani A. , Morel B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common side effect of cancer and cancer treatment. CRF prevalence is up to 50% in breast cancer patients and can continue several years after cancer remission. This persistent subjective sense of exhaustion is multifactorial. Numerous parameters have been evidenced to be related to CRF across biological, physical, psychological, social and/or behavioral dimensions. Although CRF has been studied for many years, the majority of previous studies focused on only one dimension, i.e., physical function. Moreover, few studies investigated CRF longitudinally with repeated measures. These are the two main obstacles that limit the understanding of CRF mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to create a biopsychosocial model of CRF with simultaneous and longitudinal anthropometric, clinical, biological, physical, psychological and sociological parameters.

Methods
BIOCARE FActory is a multicentric prospective study that will consist of an 18-month follow-up of 200 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Four visits will be scheduled at diagnosis, after treatments, and 12 and 18 months after diagnosis. The same procedure will be followed for each visit. Each session will be composed of anthropometric data collection, a semi-structured interview, cognitive tests, postural control tests, neuromuscular fatigability tests and a cardiorespiratory fitness test. Clinical and biological data will be collected during medical follow-ups. Participants will also complete questionnaires to assess psychological aspects and quality of life and wear an actigraphy device. Using a structural equation modeling analysis (SEM), collected data will build a biopsychosocial model of CRF, including the physiological, biological, psychological, behavioral and social dimensions of CRF.

Discussion
This study aims to highlight the dynamics of CRF and its correlates from diagnosis to post treatment. SEM analysis could examine some relations between potential mechanisms and CRF. Thus, the biopsychosocial model will contribute to a better understanding of CRF and its underlying mechanisms from diagnosis to the aftermaths of cancer and its treatments.

Trial registration
This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04391543), May 2020.
A national survey of pharmacists and interns in Aotearoa New Zealand: provision and views of extended services in community pharmacies
Authors: McDonald Janet , Morris Caroline , Pledger Megan , Dunn Phoebe , Fa’asalele Tanuvasa Ausaga , Smiler Kirsten , Cumming Jacqueline 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Changes in pharmacy models of care, services and funding have been occurring internationally, moving away from the traditional dispensing role to more extended patient-facing roles utilising pharmacists’ clinical skills. This study aimed to identify the extended services offered by community pharmacy in Aotearoa New Zealand and the barriers and facilitators to extended services provision. The study is unique in that it includes intern (pre-registration) pharmacists.

Methods
An online survey, conducted in 2018, of all pharmacists and intern (pre-registration) pharmacists working in a community pharmacy. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses.

Results
The results are based on replies from 553 community pharmacists and 59 intern pharmacists (response rate: 19 and 26% respectively). Both pharmacists (83%) and interns (85%) want to work at the top of their scope of practice. Wide variation exists in the specific services individual pharmacists offer. Most pharmacists were accredited to supply the emergency contraceptive pill (95%), sildenafil for erectile dysfunction (86%) and trimethoprim for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (85%). Fewer were able to immunise (34%) or to supply selected oral contraceptives (44%). Just under a quarter could provide a Medicines Use Review (MUR) or Community Pharmacy Anticoagulation Management Service (CPAMS). Of the pharmacists not already accredited, 85% intended to gain accreditation to supply selected oral contraceptives, 40% to become vaccinators, 37% to offer CPAMS and 30% MUR. Interns expressed strong interest in becoming accredited for all extended services.
Poisson regression analyses showed key factors supporting the likelihood of providing extended services were owner and management support and appropriate space and equipment. Being excited about the opportunities in community pharmacy, having employer funding and time for training and sufficient support staff were also statistically significant.

Conclusions
Pharmacists need time and a supportive management structure to enable them to deliver extended services. Health policy with a greater strategic emphasis on funding services and pharmacist training, and developing technician support roles, will help to minimise or eliminate some of the barriers to role expansion both in Aotearoa New Zealand and internationally.
Association of left ventricular longitudinal myocardial function with subclinical right ventricular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Todo Saki , Tanaka Hidekazu , Yamauchi Yuki , Yokota Shun , Mochizuki Yasuhide , Shiraki Hiroaki , Yamashita Kentaro , Shono Ayu , Suzuki Makiko , Sumimoto Keiko , Tanaka Yusuke , Hirota Yushi , Ogawa Wataru , Hirata Ken-ichi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Left ventricular (LV) involvement in diabetic cardiomyopathy has been reported; however, only limited data exist on right ventricular (RV) involvement. Therefore, our purpose was to investigate RV systolic dysfunction and its association with LV longitudinal myocardial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods
We studied 177 T2DM patients with preserved LVEF and 79 age-, sex-, and LVEF-matched healthy volunteers. LV longitudinal myocardial function was assessed as global longitudinal strain (GLS), and RV systolic function was assessed as RV free-wall strain, and predefined cutoff values for subclinical dysfunction were set at GLS < 18% and RV free-wall strain < 20%, respectively.

Results
RV free-wall strain in T2DM patients was significantly lower than that in normal controls (19.3% ± 4.8% vs. 24.4% ± 5.1%; P < 0.0001). RV free-wall strain in T2DM patients and LV longitudinal dysfunction was similar compared to that in T2DM patients without (19.0 ± 4.5% vs. 19.6 ± 5.0%, P = 0.40). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that GLS was independently associated with RV systolic dysfunction as well as mitral inflow E and mitral e′ annular velocities ratio (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.31; P < 0.05). Sequential logistic models evaluating the association of RV systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients showed an improvement in clinical variables (χ2 = 6.2) with the addition of conventional echocardiographic parameters (χ2 = 13.4, P < 0.001) and a further improvement with the addition of GLS (χ2 = 20.8, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
RV subclinical systolic dysfunction was observed in T2DM patients with preserved LVEF and was associated with LV longitudinal myocardial dysfunction. Our findings may provide additional findings for the management of T2DM patients.
Insecticide-treated eave ribbons for malaria vector control in low-income communities
Authors: Kaindoa Emmanuel W. , Mmbando Arnold S. , Shirima Ruth , Hape Emmanuel E. , Okumu Fredros O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSupplementary tools are required to address the limitations of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), which are currently the core vector control methods against malaria in Africa. The eave ribbons technology exploits the natural house-entry behaviours of major malaria vectors to deliver mosquitocidal or repellent actives around eave spaces through which the Anopheles mosquitoes usually enter human dwellings. They confer protection by preventing biting indoors and in the peri-domestic outdoor spaces, and also killing a significant proportion of the mosquitoes. Current versions of eave ribbons are made of low-cost hessian fabric infused with candidate insecticides and can be easily fitted onto multiple house types without any additional modifications. This article reviews the evidence for efficacy of the technology, and discusses its potential as affordable and versatile supplementary approach for targeted and efficient control of mosquito-borne diseases, particularly malaria. Given their simplicity and demonstrated potential in previous studies, future research should investigate ways to optimize scalability and effectiveness of the ribbons. It is also important to assess whether the ribbons may constitute a less-cumbersome, but more affordable substitute for other interventions, such as IRS, by judiciously using lower quantities of selected insecticides targeted around eave spaces to deliver equivalent or greater suppression of malaria transmission.
The effect of malaria on haemoglobin concentrations: a nationally representative household fixed-effects study of 17,599 children under 5 years of age in Burkina Faso
Authors: Starck Tim , Bulstra Caroline A. , Tinto Halidou , Rouamba Toussaint , Sie Ali , Jaenisch Thomas , Bärnighausen Till 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the association between malaria and anaemia is widely studied in patient cohorts, the population-representative causal effects of malaria on anaemia remain unknown. This study estimated the malaria-induced decrease in haemoglobin levels among young children in malaria-endemic Burkina Faso.MethodsThe study was based on pooled individual-level nationally representative health survey data (2010–2011, 2014, 2017–2018) from 17 599 children under 5 years of age. This data was used to estimate the effects of malaria on haemoglobin concentration, controlling for household fixed-effects, age, and sex in a series of regression analyses. The fixed-effects controlled for observed and unobserved confounding on the household level and allowed to determine the impact of malaria infection status on haemoglobin levels and anaemia prevalence. Furthermore, the diagnostic results from microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests were leveraged to provide a quasi-longitudinal perspective of acute and prolonged effects after malaria infection.ResultsThe prevalence of both malaria (survey prevalence ranging from 17.4% to 65.2%) and anaemia (survey prevalence ranging from 74% to 88.2%) was very high in the included surveys. Malaria was estimated to significantly reduce haemoglobin levels, with an overall effect of − 7.5 g/dL (95% CI − 8.5, − 6.5). Acute malaria resulted in a − 7.7 g/dL (95% CI − 8.8, − 6.6) decrease in haemoglobin levels. Recent malaria without current parasitaemia decreased haemoglobin concentration by − 7.1 g/dL (95% CI − 8.3, − 5.9). The in-sample predicted prevalence of severe anaemia was 9.4% among malaria positives, but only 2.2% among children without malaria.ConclusionMalaria infection has a strong detrimental effect on haemoglobin levels among young children in Burkina Faso. This effect seems to carry over even after acute infection, indicating prolonged haemoglobin reductions even after successful parasite-elimination. The quasi-experimental fixed-effect approach adds a population level perspective to existing clinical evidence.
Comparative genome analysis of colistin-resistant OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains isolated from two Iranian hospitals
Authors: Bolourchi Negin , Shahcheraghi Fereshteh , Giske Christian G. , Nematzadeh Shoeib , Noori Goodarzi Narjes , Solgi Hamid , Badmasti Farzad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-KP) is becoming extensively disseminated in Iranian medical centers. Colistin is among the few agents that retains its activity against CP-KP. However, the administration of colistin for treatment of carbapenem-resistant infections has increased resistance against this antibiotic. Therefore, the identification of genetic background of co-carbapenem, colistin-resistance K.pneumoniae (Co-CCRKp) is urgent for implementation of serious infection control strategies.

Methods
Fourteen Co-CCRKp strains obtained from routine microbiological examinations were subjected to molecular analysis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) using whole genome sequencing (WGS).

Results
Nine of 14 K.pneumoniae strains belonged to sequence type (ST)-11 and 50% of the isolates had K-locus type 15. All strains carried blaOXA-48 except for P26. blaNDM-1 was detected in only two plasmids associated with P6 and P26 strains belonging to incompatibility (Inc) groups; IncFIB, IncHI1B and IncFII. No blaKPC, blaVIM and blaIMP were identified. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) conjugative plasmids were identified in strains P6, P31, P35, P38 and P40. MICcolistin of K. pneumoniae strains ranged from 4 to 32 µg/ml. Modification of PmrA, PmrB, PhoQ, RamA and CrrB regulators as well as MgrB was identified as the mechanism of colistin resistance in our isolates. Single amino acid polymorphysims (SAPs) in PhoQ (D150G) and PmrB (R256G) were identified in all strains except for P35 and P38. CrrB was absent in P37 and modified in P7 (A200E). Insertion of ISKpn72 (P32), establishment of stop codon (Q30*) (P35 and P38), nucleotides deletion (P37), and amino acid substitution at position 28 were identified in MgrB (P33 and P42). None of the isolates were positive for plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr) genes. P35 and P38 strains carried iutA, iucD, iucC, iucB and iucA genes and are considered as MDR-hypervirulent strains. P6, P7 and P43 had ICEKp4 variant and ICEKp3 was identified in 78% of the strains with specific carriage in ST11.

Conclusion
In our study, different genetic modifications in chromosomal coding regions of some regulator genes resulted in phenotypic resistance to colistin. However, the extra-chromosomal colistin resistance through mcr genes was not detected. Continuous genomic investigations need to be conducted to accurately depict the status of colistin resistance in clinical settings.
Psychometric properties of the itch numeric rating scale, skin pain numeric rating scale, and atopic dermatitis sleep scale in adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I. , DeLozier Amy , Sun Luna , Thyssen Jacob P. , Kim Brian , Yosipovitch Gil , Nunes Fabio P. , Gugiu P. Cristian , Doll Helen A. , Eichenfield Lawrence F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The Itch Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Skin Pain NRS, and Atopic Dermatitis Sleep Scale (ADSS) are self-administered patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments developed to assess symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties (reliability, validity, and responsiveness) and interpretability thresholds of these PROs using data from three pivotal Phase 3 studies in adults.

Methods
BREEZE-AD1, BREEZE-AD2, and BREEZE-AD5 evaluated the safety and efficacy of baricitinib in adults with moderate-to-severe AD. Clinician-reported outcomes and other PROs commonly assessed in patients with AD were used to estimate meaningful changes and evaluate test–retest reliability, convergent and divergent validity, known-groups validity, responsiveness, and meaningful change thresholds (MCTs) of the Itch NRS, Skin Pain NRS, and ADSS.

Results
The test–retest reliability of the Itch NRS, Skin Pain NRS, and ADSS was evidenced by generally large intraclass correlation coefficients (> 0.7) in stable groups of patients between baseline and Week 1 and Weeks 4 and 8. Moderate-to-large correlations (r > 0.4) at baseline and Week 16 were generally observed between each measure and other PROs measuring the same concept, supporting convergent validity. Small-to-moderate correlations with clinician-reported outcomes demonstrated divergent validity. Each instrument was able to distinguish between known groups of disease severity as assessed using other indicators of AD severity. The responsiveness of the Itch NRS, Skin Pain NRS, and ADSS scales was demonstrated through significant differences in their change scores from baseline to Week 16 between categories of change in another PRO also from baseline to Week 16. Thresholds for interpreting meaningful change were estimated as − 4.0 for the 0–10 Itch and Skin Pain NRS items; − 1.25 for the 0–4 ADSS Items 1 and 3 and; − 1.50 for the 0–29 ADSS Item 2, these equivalent to moderate degrees of change.

Conclusions
Results of this study demonstrate that the psychometric properties of the Itch NRS, Skin Pain NRS, and ADSS are good to excellent. These findings support the use of these instruments in daily assessment of AD symptoms in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov numbers: NCT03334396, NCT03334422, and NCT03435081.
Comparing COVID-19 physical distancing policies: results from a physical distancing intensity coding framework for Botswana, India, Jamaica, Mozambique, Namibia, Ukraine, and the United States
Authors: Lane Jeff , Means Arianna Rubin , Bardosh Kevin , Shapoval Anna , Vio Ferruccio , Anderson Clive , Cushnie Anya , Forster Norbert , Ledikwe Jenny , O’Malley Gabrielle , Mawandia Shreshth , Parvez Anwar , Perrone Lucy , Mudender Florindo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Understanding the differences in timing and composition of physical distancing policies is important to evaluate the early global response to COVID-19. A physical distancing intensity monitoring framework comprising 16 domains was recently published to compare physical distancing approaches across 12 U.S. States. We applied this framework to a diverse set of low and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Botswana, India, Jamaica, Mozambique, Namibia, and Ukraine) to test the appropriateness of this framework in the global context and to compare the policy responses in these LMICs with a sample of U.S. States during the first 100-days of the pandemic.

Results
The LMICs in our sample adopted wide ranging physical distancing policies. The highest peak daily physical distancing intensity during this period was: Botswana (4.60); India (4.40); Ukraine (4.40); Namibia (4.20); Mozambique (3.87), and Jamaica (3.80). The number of days each country stayed at peak policy intensity ranged from 12-days (Jamaica) to more than 67-days (Mozambique). We found some key similarities and differences, including substantial differences in whether and how countries expressly required certain groups to stay at home. Despite the much higher number of cases in the US, the physical distancing responses in our LMIC sample were generally more intense than in the U.S. States, but results vary depending on the U.S. State. The peak policy intensity for the U.S. 12-state average was 3.84, which would place it lower than every LMIC in this sample except Jamaica. The LMIC sample countries also reached peak physical distancing intensity earlier in outbreak progression compared to the U.S. states sample. The easing of physical distancing policies in the LMIC sample did not discernably correlate with change in COVID-19 incidence.

Conclusions
This physical distancing intensity framework was appropriate for the LMIC context with only minor adaptations. This framework may be useful for ongoing monitoring of physical distancing policy approaches and for use in effectiveness analyses. This analysis helps to highlight the differing paths taken by the countries in this sample and may provide lessons to other countries regarding options for structuring physical distancing policies in response to COVID-19 and future outbreaks.
Transient central precocious puberty: a new entity among the spectrum of precocious puberty?
Authors: Assirelli Valentina , Baronio Federico , Ortolano Rita , Maltoni Giulio , Zucchini Stefano , Di Natale Valeria , Cassio Alessandra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
Recently, we observed some cases of Precocious Puberty (PP) with a partial central activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis that tended to normalized in 6–12 months. To evaluate the frequency of this form within the spectrum of forms of PP, we retrospectively assessed the clinical, hormonal and ultrasound characteristics of patients attending to our Center for signs of PP, between 2007 and 2017. To hypothesize some causes of this “pubertal poussée” a questionnaire about environmental data was provided to patients.

Methods
96 girls were recruited for the study and divided into three Groups. Group 1: 56 subjects with Central PP (CPP) requiring treatment with GnRH analogue; Group 2: 22 subjects with transient activation of pubertal axis, that tended to normalize, “Transient CPP”(T-CPP); Group 3: 18 subjects with Isolated Thelarche (IT).

Results
Mean age at diagnosis was 6.8 ± 1.0 years in Group 1, 5.9 ± 1.3 years in Group 2 and 5.6 ± 1.5 years in Group 3. A significant increase of diagnosis of T-CPP was observed over the study period. Significantly higher use of some homeopathic medicines and potential exposure to pesticides was reported in Group 2 vs Group 1.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, we first reported a form defined as T-CPP, characterized by partial activation in the HPG axis normalizing over time. An increased use of homeopathic medicines and exposure to environmental pollutants in these patients was evidenced.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing directed by a 5S rRNA–tRNAGly hybrid promoter in the thermophilic filamentous fungus Humicola insolens
Authors: Fan Chao , Zhang Wei , Su Xiaoyun , Ji Wangli , Luo Huiying , Zhang Yuhong , Liu Bo , Yao Bin , Huang Huoqing , Xu Xinxin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Humicola insolens is a filamentous fungus with high potential of producing neutral and heat- and alkali-resistant cellulase. However, the genetic engineering tools, particularly the genome-editing tool, are scarce, hindering the study of cellulase expression regulation in this organism.

Results
Herein, a CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system was established in H. insolens based on a hybrid 5S rRNA–tRNAGly promoter. This system is superior to the HDV (hepatitis delta virus) system in genome editing, allowing highly efficient single gene destruction in H. insolens with rates of deletion up to 84.1% (37/44). With this system, a putative pigment synthesis gene pks and the transcription factor xyr1 gene were disrupted with high efficiency. Moreover, the extracellular protein concentration and cellulase activity largely decreased when xyr1 was deleted, demonstrating for the first time that Xyr1 plays an important role in cellulase expression regulation.

Conclusions
The established CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful genetic operation tool for H. insolens, which will accelerate studies on the regulation mechanism of cellulase expression and engineering of H. insolens for higher cellulase production.