bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPECIFIC CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS FOR DOGS WITH PYROPLASMOSIS TRANSMITTED BY IXODID TICKS
Authors: Berezovskyi A. V. , Levytska V. A. , Mushynskyi A. B. 
Published: February 2021

Babesiosis is a natural focal seasonal diseases of carnivorous and farm animals. For treatment of this invasion is very important etiotropic therapy, as cases of self-healing of dogs are very rare. However, the use of only etiotropic drugs does not restore hematopoiesis, liver function and heart function. The experimental part of the work was carried out on the basis of the veterinary clinic "Fauna-Service" (Kamyanets-Podilsky) during 2019-2020. The study was performed on dogs of different breeds, genders and ages spontaneously affected by babesiosis. The diagnosis was established comprehensively, based on epizootiological data, clinical signs and laboratory results.
It was identified specific clinical signs. The level of parasitaemia ranged from 1 to 3%. In the blood of dogs were recorded a decrease in erythrocytes, hemoglobin and lymphocytes relative to normal and an increase in such indicators as the number of leukocytes, alkaline phosphatase, ALT, AST, ESR, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin.
According to the results of laboratory studies conducted 7 days after the start of treatment, it was found that in the second experimental group, where "Azidine-vet" was used three times and in combination with "Phos-Bevit" and "Carsilin" hematological and biochemical parameters of blood were normalized faster than with the first group in which "Azidine-vet" was used twice. Thus, the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and creatinine in the first group was 4.79 ± 0.41 1012 / l, 115.67 ± 12.23 g / l and 149.46 ± 17.65 mmol / l, and in the second – 5.35 ± 0.63 1012 / l, 143.12 ± 15.23 g / l and 111.67 ± 13.73 mmol / l, respectively. Both treatment regimens provided 100% efficacy in dogs with babesiosis. "Azidine-vet" when used three times in combination with an immunomodulator and hepatoprotector provides less toxic effects on the body of dogs and faster recovery of organ and system functions than the classic double use of the drug.
PET FOOD ON THE MARKET OF UKRAINE
Authors: Kosenko Yu. M. , Zaruma L. E. , Vezdenko O. S. , Shkilnyk O. S. 
Published: February 2021

Domestic and foreign production pet food has been subject to state authorization in Ukraine for 20 years. Each prescription of the finished product provided authorization, so the process of their manufacturing and turnover met the requirements of national legislation, which ensured their rational use. The new Law of Ukraine “On Feed Safety and Hygiene” adopted in 2017 brought Ukrainian legislation closer to the norms in force in the EU Member States. However, this Law introduced a new system of authorization of feed additives, but not the finished feed. Requirements for feed production are supervised by a number of regulations, which include the requirements of the European Federation of Food Manufacturers (FEDIAF) for animals and the ISO 22 000 standard, which ensures hygiene, quality, and safety of use.
The manuscript illustrates the analysis of the authorized pet food in Ukraine during 2015- 2019, which is necessary for the further development of the domestic market of these products.
The prime purpose of this study was the quantitative and qualitative analysis of feed for non- productive animals with the determination of their percentages in the list of the authorized, which differ in types, production forms, animal species for which they are intended. Regulatory stipulations for pet food include mandatory requirements for determining their species, categories, and quantities of feed additives, feed materials, and labeling.
The presented characteristics of available pet food on the Ukrainian market during 2015-2019 showed that the broad majority of feeds, 91%, were imported. The compound pet food dominated the study list, and dietary pet food accounted for only 6% of the total range. Pet food is dry and wet or semi-moist. The results of the study revealed the share of dry and wet feeds, and the specifics of their production forms identified. The most common in the list of analyzed pet food was dry, intended for all types of non-productive animals. Wet pet food occupies a slightly smaller share, mainly used for dogs and cats. Dry pet food in the form of pellets and wet pet food in the form of meat or fish pieces were the main groups of food for dogs and cats.
This study showed that imported pet food products for non-productive animals dominated in the Ukrainian market, but a tendency to introduce domestic pet food by increasing production by leading national companies present.
FEED CONSUMPTION, REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS, RUMEN METABOLISM, DIGESTIVENESS AND NITROGEN BALANCE IN HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE COWS IN THE SECOND PERIOD OF LACTATION FOR THE FERTILIZATION OF MIXED- LIGAND ZINC, MANGANESE AND COBALT COMPLEXES
Authors: Kropyvka Yu. G. , Bomko V. S. , Babenko S. P. 
Published: February 2021

The presented indicators of feed consumption, reproduction, scar fluid, digestibility of nutrients and average daily balance of Nitrogen in highly productive cows of Holstein, Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed and Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy breeds in the second period of lactation by feeding them different doses of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt.
Consumption of feed mixture by experimental animals ranged from 46.2 kg to 52.2 kg. It was best consumed by cows of the 5th experimental group, in the feed mixture of which the concentration of trace elements in 1 kg of DM was: Zinc – 35 mg, Manganese – 35, Cobalt – 0.4, Selenium – 0.3, Copper – 10 mg and Iodine – 0.9 mg. It is set up that the use of different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt reduces the duration of the service period in cows compared with its average value for the herd, which is 145.6 days.
In the rumen fluid of experimental cows, the pH value was increasing in the alkaline direction and the difference to the control group was statistically significant. It also decreased the content of total nitrogen compared to control, which indicates its better absorption into the blood. At the same time, the content of protein and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid of experimental cows was significantly reduced. The use in the rations of cows in the second 100 days of lactation of different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt did not show a significant influence on the formation of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid, however, there was a tendency to increase them at lower concentrations of these trace elements.
Cows of the experimental groups better digested dry and organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and NFES. The recommended and accepted norms of the dose of microelements used in the control group did not show the highest influence on the coefficients of digestibility of nutrients in feed mixtures compared with their lower doses in the experimental groups.
It was found that the increase in the transformation of Nitrogen into the milk protein of cows of the experimental groups was contributed by better digestibility and less excretion of Nitrogen in the urine, which is one of the main factors in increasing their milk productivity.
The elimination of zinc, manganese and cobalt deficiency in the ration of high-yielding cows due to lower doses of their mixed-ligand complexes has a positive influence on the digestibility of nutrients in the ration, nitrogen metabolism and productivity of animals.
STUDY OF IRRITANT AND SKIN-RESORPTIVE ACTION OF SODIUM-CONTAINING DRUG
Authors: Malyk O. , Protsyk Ya. , Shkodyak N. , Yurynets T. , Martynyk S. , Smuk V. 
Published: February 2021

Sodium-containing preparations have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activity, which determines their use in veterinary medicine. This effect is due to a wide range of physiological effects of sodium ions on animals metabolism. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the irritant effect of sodium-containing drugs: known – 2 % glycetinate, its analogues – 2 % ovocid, 3 % ovocid, 1.5 % potassium-sodium drug (Na / K, 1.5%). Studies of irritant and skin-resorptive action of drugs were performed by immersing the tail of animals in a test tube with the substance on white rats weighing 250–270 g. Four groups of rats were formed with 3 animals each: rats of I group (control) tails were immersed in test tubes with 2 % glycetinate, animals of II group – in test tubes with 2% oocide, III group – in test tubes with 3 % oocide, and in IV group rats – with Na / K, 1.5% drug. The exposure time was 4 hours. The animals were subjected to clinical observations, assessing their general condition and the reaction of the tail’s skin. The effect of drugs on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the rats blood was studied. The study of the local irritant effect of the studied drugs in rats from I, II and III groups showed a moderate local irritant reaction, as evidenced by the appearance of redness and thickening of the skin, and in group IV animals appeared only slight redness on the skin of the tails. This indicates a weaker local irritant effect of potassium-sodium-containing drug (1.5% K, Na), compared with other studied drugs.
According to hematological studies, in the rats’s blood of groups III and IV, a reliable increase, within normal limits, the number of leukocytes and a decrease in hemoglobin content, compared with those of animals of group I. It was found that at 4 hours of the experiment under the action of the studied potassium-sodium drugs increases the permeability of Sodium and Potassium through the rats’s skin into the blood. In particular, in serum of animals from groups II and IV there was a reliable increase of Potassium content by 2.1 times, respectively, and a significant increase in Sodium content in the blood of animals from groups III and IV, compared with control group. In animals of groups II and IV there was a reliable increase of serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, and in rats of group III – increase of serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activity and in triacylglycerol’s content, compared with rats of group I, which indicates the effect of 2 % glycecin analogues on metabolic processes in animals.
COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF FATTENING AND MEAT QUALITIES OF YOUNG PIGS OF THE UNIVERSAL DIRECTION OF PRODUCTIVITY AND SOME OF THEIR INTERBIRELS FEATURES
Authors: Khalak V. І. , Grabovska O. S. 
Published: February 2021

The results of studies of the fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of large white breed of foreign origin, some biochemical parameters of blood serum and the results of calculating their correlation relationships are presented, and the economic efficiency of the research results is calculated.
It was found that the biochemical parameters of blood serum in animals of the experimental group correspond to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals, and their coefficient of variation ranges from 7.71 to 33.67 %. According to the main indicators of fattening and meat qualities (the age of reaching live weight of 100 kg, days, the thickness of the fat at the level of 6– 7 thoracic vertebrae, mm, the length of the chilled carcass, cm) corresponds to the “elite” class, and an effective assessment method sows and boars-producers by genotype is the use of a comprehensive index of feeding and meat qualities (B. Tyler index). The maximum indicators “average daily gain in live weight for the period of control fattening, kg”, “the length of the chilled carcass, cm”, “the length of the bacon half of the chilled carcass, cm” and the minimum values “age to reach live weight of 100 kg, days” and “bacon thickness the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, mm ”is characterized by animals in which the comprehensive index of feeding and meat qualities (B. Tyler index) ranges from 160.14 to 174.04 points. Reliable correlation was established between the following pairs of signs: fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, mm × total protein content, g / l (r=+ 0.375, tr=2.14), length of chilled carcass, cm × concentration of total lipoproteins , mg% (r=–0.622, tr=4.20), length of chilled carcass, cm × urea content, mmol/l (r=–0.445, tr=4.20), length of bacon half of chilled carcass, cm × content total protein, g / l (r=–0.533, tr=3.33), fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, mm × concentration of total lipoproteins, mg% (r=–0.652, tr=4.55) the average daily gain in live weight for the period of control feeding, kg × concentration of total lipoproteins, mg% (r=+0.492, tr=2.99).
The above indicates the prospect of using some biochemical indicators of blood serum for early prediction of fattening and meat qualities. It was established that the maximum increase in production in terms of "average daily gain in live weight during the period of control fattening, g" (4.87 %) was obtained from animals in which the B. Tyler index ranged from 160.14 to 174.04 points.
The Outcome of Subaxial Cervical Injury in Adult Patients Managed Surgically Through an Anterior Approach
Authors: Kalhoro Aurangzeb , Samad Panezai Abdul , Hassan Sher , Javeed Farrukh , Rehman Lal 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: We determined the Outcome of subaxial cervical injury management in adults through anterior approach open reduction and fixation injury < 72 hours.
Material and Methods: A total of 71 patients declared to have a recent chronicle of traumatic cervical spine injury with a conventional diagnosis of subaxial injury by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and X-Ray anteroposterior and lateral views. ASIA Impairment Scale was used for assessment and was done at the time of admission and after six months.
Results: Mean age of the patients in our study was 38.54 ± 5.47 years. According to American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale, improvement by two grades was seen in 18 cases and improvement by one – grade was observed in 48 cases. Mortality was seen in 5 cases, where 2 deaths were related to associated injury, one related to a complication of surgery and other 2 died due to aspiration complications. Out of 66 cases, the outcome was good in 49 (74.29%) and fair in 17 (25.76%).
Conclusion: The study results revealed that Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is considered to be a better treatment choice for better anatomical stabilization of the spine with early reduction.
Keywords: Subaxial cervical injury, anterior approach, ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) scoring.
Outcome in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus after Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Samad Panezai Abdul , Kalhoro Aurangzeb , Hassan Sher , Javeed Farrukh , Rehman Lal 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine the outcome of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt in normal pressure hydrocephalus.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) were included. Gender distribution, presentation of symptoms and post-operative outcome based on the Stein Langfitt Scale were assessed. CSF was sent for microbiological and biochemical analyses. All patients were evaluated preoperatively and compared postoperatively during 6 months duration for improvement and any associated complication.
Results: In this study, we had 47 patients, 38 were male and 9 were female. 22 patients presented with dementia, 18 with urinary incontinence, 17 with gait disturbance 17, while 21 had headache based on Stein and Langfitt Scale. The 78.8% patients had an excellent outcome, 17% had a good outcome and 4.2% had poor results.
Conclusion: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt had promising results selected on history and examination of normal pressure hydrocephalus and improved radiological in Evan’s ratio CT brain scan.
Keywords: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH), VP Shunt, Stein and Langfitt Scale.
Clinical Outcome of Cortical Venous Thrombosis in Stroke Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Southern Punjab
Authors: Hassan Sohaib , Mahmood Ashraf , Numan Ahsan , Mughal Asif , Majeed Samra 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study was determined to find out the clinical Outcome of Cortical Venous Thrombosis (CVT) in Stroke patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Southern Punjab.
Material & Methods: A total of 100 patients with cortical venous thrombosis were included in this descriptive case series study, which was conducted at Department of Neurology, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Outcome of patients in terms of partial recovery or complete recovery, any recurrence, any complication, indication for Surgery and any disability in terms of focal deficit, prolonged hospital stay and Mortality was followed.
Results: Our study included a total of 100 patients with cortical venous thrombosis (CVT), 35 (35%) were male and 65 (65%) were female patients with their mean age was 37.69 ± 16.52 years, ranging from 20 – 83 years (51.37 ± 17.44 in males versus 30.32 ± 10.15 years for females). Headache was noted in 80%, focal deficit in 57%, nerve palsy in 30%, coma in 22% and disability was noted in 35%. Partial recovery was noted in 65%, whereas complete recovery was noted in 35% while, complications were noted in 12 (12%) of these patients with CVT.
Conclusion: Cortical venous thrombosis was more prevalent in females in their younger age groups and it was associated with poor prognosis as high frequency of partial recovery was noted in our study.
Keywords: Cortical venous thrombosis, Stroke, headache, recovery, outcome.
Incidence and Trends of Neural Tube Defects in Babies Delivered at Dera Ghazi Khan Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Shahid Bokhari Syed , Asif Qureshi Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Objective: A cross-section study was conducted to determine the incidence and trends of neural tube defects in babies delivered at a tertiary care center. And those babies who were delivered elsewhere and were brought to a tertiary care center for treatment.
Material and Methods: The Study was conducted at neurosurgery and pediatric surgery departments, Ghazi Khan Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Two thousand (n = 2000) women delivered their babies at a tertiary care hospital were enrolled, out of them 52 women who delivered babies with neural tube defects (NTDs) were further assessed. Women were interviewed and history of folic acid intake, previous baby with NTDs and family history were recorded. Tests of significance were applied to assess the significant results.
Results: Folic acid intake was occurred in n = 298 (14.9%) subjects. Association of folic acid on neural tube defects. Odds ratio showed that if a baby without intake of folic acid had 7.8 times at risk to suffer from a neural tube defect. The association was also significant (p = 0.000).
Conclusion: Neural tube defects are common in tertiary care centers its incidence was 2%. Increased incidence of NTDs was observed in babies who delivered by folic acid deficit mothers. Early childhood marriages in rural areas and cousin marriages are the main contributing factors.
Keywords: Neural tube defect, Anencephaly, Spina bifida, Hydrocephalus, Meningocele.
PERAN BADAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSUMEN (BPSK) KARAWANG TERHADAP PENERAPAN KLAUSULA BAKU DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG PERLINDUNGA KONSUMEN
Authors: Lia Amaliya  
Published: February 2021

Pada masa sekarang ini perjanjian yang memuat klausula baku antara konsumen dengan pelaku usaha dapat dengan mudah ditemukan. Harus dapat diakui bahwa klausula baku sangat membantu kelancaran perdangangan. Namun hal ini menutup proses negosiasi antara konsumen dengan pelaku usaha sehingga memungkinkan bagi pelaku usaha untuk mengalihkan tanggungjawabnya Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis empiris yaitu menganalisis permasalahan dengan cara memadukan bahan-bahan hukum dengan data primer. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kepustakaan (library research) dengan menguji bahan-bahan dokumen dan bahan pustaka. Data dianalisis kualitatif-normatif, yaitu menafsirkan dan membangun pernyataan yang terdapat dalam dokumen peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian yaitu bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen memberikan kewenangan kepada Badan Penyelesaian sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) selaku badan atau Lembaga yang bertugas dan berwenang dalam menyelesaikan sengketa konsumen serta melakukan pengawasan terhadap pencantuman klausula baku.
Kata kunci: BPSK, Klausula Baku, Konsumen

Today, agreements containing standard clauses between consumers and business actors can be easily found. It must be admitted that standard clauses really help the smooth running of trade. However, this closes the negotiation process between consumers and business actors so that it is possible for business actors to transfer their responsibilities. Research uses empirical juridical methods, namely analyzing problems by combining legal materials with primary data. The data collection method uses the library research method by testing document materials and library materials. The data were analyzed qualitatively-normative, namely interpreting and constructing statements contained in statutory regulations documents. The result of the research is that Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection gives authority to the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) as the agency or institution in charge and authority in resolving consumer disputes and supervising the inclusion of standard clauses.
Keyword: BPSK, Standard Clause, Consumer
PROSES MEDIASI DALAM PERKARA PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KARAWANG DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN PERATURAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PROSEDUR MEDIASI DI PENGADILAN
Authors: Sartika Dewi  
Published: February 2021

Mediasi merupakan cara penyelesaian sengketa yang cepat, sederhana dan biaya yang ringan, mediasi merupakan penyelesaian sengketa dengan cara damai yang dibantu pihak ketiga yaitu mediator. Pelaksanaan mediasi dalam penyelesaian perkara perdata di Pengadilan pada hakikatnya merupakan bentuk implementasi dari musyawarah mufakat. Hal ini diatur dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 Tentang Prosedur Mediasi di Pengadilan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prosedur proses mediasi di pengadilan agama, faktor yang mempengaruhi dan sejauhmana keberhasilan proses mediasi dalam mencapai kesepakatan damai di Pengadilan agama. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian kualitatif yaitu dilaksanakan untuk membangun pengetahuan melalui pemahaman dan penemuan. Pendekatan penelitian kualitatif adalah suatu proses penelitian dan pemahaman yang berdasarkan pada masalah manusia. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah proses dari mediasi terdiri dari Pra mediasi dan proses mediasi selama kurang lebih 30 hari. Faktor yang mempengaruhi proses mediasi diantarnya kualifikasi mediator, kepatuhan masyarakat, fasilitas, itikad baik para pihak
Kata kunci: Mediasi di Pengadilan, Perkara Perceraian, Pengadilan Agama Karawang

Mediation is a way of resolving disputes that is fast, simple and low cost, mediation is a peaceful settlement of disputes assisted by a third party, namely a mediator. The implementation of mediation in the settlement of civil cases in court is essentially a form of implementation of consensus agreement. This is regulated in the Supreme Court Regulation No.1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Courts. The purpose of this study was to determine the procedures for the mediation process in religious courts, the factors that influence and the extent of the success of the mediation process in reaching a peace agreement in religious courts. The method used in this research is qualitative research, which is carried out to build knowledge through understanding and discovery. A qualitative research approach is a process of research and understanding based on human problems. The result of this research is the process of mediation consisting of pre-mediation and mediation process for approximately 30 days. The factors that influence the mediation process include the qualifications of the mediator, community compliance, facilities, and good faith of the parties.
Keyword: Mediation in Court, Divorce Case, Karawang Religious Court