bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison Study on Fluorescence Properties of Formononetin and Ononin
Authors: Cao Jinjin , Lv Fang , Liu Ting , Niu Luchen , Han Bocong , Zheng Yanhui , Li Wenhong , Wei Yongju 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, reasons for the spectral difference between two isoflavones, Formononetin (F) and ononin (FG), are explained in the viewpoint of molecular structure through a comparison study of the fluorescence features of the two. The fluorescence enhancement of FG in hot alkaline condition is reported for the first time. For F, there was almost no fluorescence under acidic conditions, but when pH>5, its fluorescence began to increase with increasing pH due to the proton ionization of 7-OH. In the range of pH 9.3-12.0, the anion form of F produced a fairly strong and stable fluorescence with maximum excitation wavelength (λex) of 334 nm and emission wavelength (λem) of 464 nm, its fluorescence quantum yield (Yf) was measured to be 0.042. And for FG, its aqueous solution fluoresced weakly in a wide pH range until it was placed under hot alkaline conditions, which was presumed to the cleavage reaction of the γ-pyrone ring in FG by observing a significant fluorescence at λex / λem =288 / 388nm, and Yf was determined to be 0.020. The fluorescence sensitization methods of F and FG both exhibit low limits of detection (2.60 ng·mL-1, 9.30 ng·mL-1) and wide linear ranges (0.0117-1.86 μg·mL-1, 0.0146-2.92μg·mL-1). Although the structural relationship between F and FG is glycoside and aglycone, FG cannot be translated to F by glucoside hydrolysis under hot alkaline condition, the fluorescence enhancement mechanisms of the two are essentially different. The fluorescence difference between the two under different experimental conditions lays the foundation for future fluorescence quantitative analysis.
Prognostic and Clinicopathological Value of Cyclin E Expression in Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Yufei , Yang Qijuan , Ma Deshou , Ma Zhijun , Wang Xiaowu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple studies have analyzed the correlation between Cyclin E and breast cancer prognosis, but the results are controversial. In this study, a meta-analysis was used to summarize the published reports, clarify the predictive value of Cyclin E in breast cancer, and the relationship with clinicopathological characteristics.Methods: A systematic search was retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Collaboration Library on the comprehensive search strategy up to 24 August 2020. recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) was estimated using pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results: Twenty-eight eligible studies met our inclusion criteria. The present meta-analysis indicates that high cyclin E expression is independently associated with poor OS, BCSS, and RFS in female breast cancer patients by univariate and multivariate analysis. Furthermore, higher histological grades, estrogen receptor (ER)-negativity, positive lymph node metastasis, younger patients, and premenopausal status were associated with Cyclin E overexpression. Conclusions: High expression of Cyclin E is associated with poor breast cancer outcomes and relevant to multiple clinical characteristics.
Quantifying Parent Engagement in Fuel for Fun Identified Design Considerations and BMI Relationships
Authors: Lohse Barbara , Cunningham-Sabo Leslie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundParent participation in children’s health interventions is insufficiently defined and measured. This project quantified and examined parent participation and its association with outcomes in an intervention focused on 4th graders and their families.MethodsIndices were developed to measure type (Parent Participation Profile; PPP) and intensity (Parent Engagement Intensity; PEI) of engagement in Fuel for Fun (FFF), an asymmetric school-and family-based intervention for 4th graders. Study arm-specific participation opportunities were catalogued and summed to calculate the PPP. An algorithm considered frequency, effort, convenience, and invasiveness of each activity to calculate PEI. Indices were standardized (0-100%) using study arm-specific divisors to address asymmetric engagement opportunities. Parents who completed \(\ge\)75% of the PPP were defined as Positive Deviants. Youth height and weight were measured. Youth BMI percentile change was compared with parent Positive Deviant status using general linear modeling with repeated measures that included the participation indices.ResultsOf 1435 youth, 777 (54%) had parent participation in at least one activity. Standardized means were 41.5 ± 25.4% for PPP and 27.6 ± 20.9% for PEI. Demographics, behaviors or baseline FFF outcomes did not differ between the Positive Deviant parent (n = 105) and non-Positive Deviant parents (n = 672); but more Positive Deviant parents followed an indulgent feeding style (p = 0.015). Standardized intensity was greater for Positive Deviant parents; 66.9 ± 20.6% vs 21.5 ± 12.7% (p < 0.001) and differences with non-Positive Deviant parents were related to activity type (p \(\le\)0.01 for six of eight activities). Standardized participation intensity was associated with engagement in a greater number of standardized activity types. Among participating parents, standardized intensity and breadth of activity were inversely related to the youth BMI percentile (n=739; PEI r= -0.39, p < 0.001; PPP r= -0.34, p < 0.001). Parent engagement was not associated with parent BMI changeConclusionsPositive deviance in parent engagement was not a function of personal, but rather activity characteristics. PPP and PEI increased with fewer requirements and convenient, novel, and personalized activities. Parent engagement indices affirmed lower engagement by parents of overweight/obese youth and concerns about target reach.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT02491294. Registered 8 July, 2015.
Temporal and spatial evolution patterns and prediction of drought in China in recent 500 years
Authors: Guo Bing , Zhang Rui , Zang Wenqian , Lu Yuefeng , Meng Chao , Zhang Dafu , Zhen Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Drought is a prominent disaster in Chinese history. Analysing the spatial and temporal evolution laws of drought could provide decision supports for drought prevention and control. However, fewer studies were applied to investigate the long-term evolution rules of drought events on different spatial and temporal scales. In this paper, the spatio-temporal changes patterns of drought in China were analysed with geostatistical methods based on the 1470–2000a drought datasets in China, and then the possible future drought trend was predicted. Results showed that :(1) The drought risk in the northern region was the highest during the past 500 years. And, the drought intensity index showed an overall increasing trend with detail pattern of weakening->strengthening-> weakening-> strengthening; (2) The drought condition in the north was server than that in the south, but the drought trend in the south was significantly aggravated. (3) The drought gravity centres were mainly distributed in the north, but it showed a tendency to move southward. (4) From 1470 to 2000, the study area showed a significant drought enhancements, which was predicted to show an increasing trend of drought after 2000.
An Integrated Scheduling Algorithm for Multi-Device-Processes with the Strategy of Exchanging Adjacent Parallel Processes of The Same Device
Authors: Wang zhen , zhang xiaohuan , Cao yuxiao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The current integrated scheduling algorithm ignores the influence of the pre-process on the post-process when solving the multi-device-process integrated scheduling problem, which leads to the problem of poor tightness between serial processes and low parallelism between parallel processes. This paper points out that there is no restriction of scheduling sequence between adjacent parallel processes on the same processing device, and the scheduling sequence between parallel processes on the same device can be flexibly processed to optimize the scheduling results, on the basis of the current algorithm scheduling scheme, this paper proposes the application of multi-device adjacent parallel process interchange strategy and multi-device adjacent parallel process interchange adjustment strategy, which avoid the influence of the pre-process on the post-process, improves the compactness of the serial process and the parallelism of the parallel process, and optimizes the scheduling results.
Chemically/Electrically-assisted Regeneration of Polyacrylonitrile-based Hydrogel Adsorbed Heavy Metals&nbsp;
Authors: Mansoub Amany A. El , El-Sayed Marwa , Nashar Rasha M. El , Fahmy Hussein M. , Abulnour Abdelghani M.G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Adsorption is an important technology for the removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents. Efficient regeneration of exhausted adsorbents is essential for improving the applicability of different adsorbents. In this work an adsorptive polyacrylonitrile-based hydrogel was characterized and investigated in terms of adsorption/regeneration using both conventional chemical and electrical-assisted regeneration techniques. The hydrogel characterization includes FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDAX, porosity, and electrical conductivity. Hydrogel performance in adsorption and conventional chemical regeneration was tested. Further, electrically-assisted regeneration using a specially designed cell was also investigated.The maximum adsorption capacities for chromium and nickel were 8.082, and 17.437 mg/g, respectively. The isotherm data fitted Freundlich, while kinetic data fitted pseudo-second-order model.Conventional chemical desorption showed regeneration efficiency of 15.58, and 27.27 % for chromium and nickel, respectively. While, the electrically-assisted regeneration showed much higher values of 51.6, and 98.3 % for chromium and nickel, respectively indicating the merit of using electrically-assisted chemical regeneration for enhancing heavy metals adsorbing hydrogel applicability.
Lower Testosterone Levels Predict Increasing Severity and Worse Outcomes of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure in Males
Authors: Huang Yandi , Yan Dong , Zhang Huafen , Lou Bin , Yan Ren , Yao Yifan , Dong Minya , Yang Donglei , Lv Feifei , Chen Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a serious liver disease with pathogenesis remaining unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between testosterone levels, stage (early, middle, or late, categorized according to clinical manifestation), severity scores, and clinical outcomes of HBV-ACLF. Methods: This single-center observational study involved 160 male patients with HBV-ACLF, 151 chronic hepatitis B patients without liver failure (CHB) and 106 healthy controls (HC). Morning blood samples were collected and androgen levels analyzed by chemi-bioluminescent immunoassay. Time to death or liver transplantation within 90 days comprised the primary composite outcome. Results: Serum levels of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone index (FTI), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cortisol were significantly lower among HBV-ACLF than CHB and HC, while androstenedione was higher. Low TT, SHBG and FTI were associated with increased stage (of HBV-ACLF, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy) and severity scores (Model for End-stage Liver Disease and Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B-ACLF scores). Low TT (<142.39 ng/dL) was a risk factor for both the composite outcome and for death alone within 90 days. Multivariate analysis revealed TT to be a predictor for the composite outcome independent of age, BMI, SHBG, FTI, cortisol, and androstenedione. Conclusion: Low serum testosterone is common among male patients with HBV-ACLF and predictive of increased severity and worse outcome of the disease and may play an important role in the progression of HBV-ACLF.
Phylogeography of Prunus Armeniaca L. By Chloroplast DNA and Nuclear Ribosomal Sequences
Authors: Li Wen-Wen , Liu Li-Qiang , Zhang Qiu-Ping , Zhou Wei-Quan , Fan Guo-Quan , Liao Kang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To clarify the phytogeography of Prunus armeniaca L., two chloroplast DNA fragments (trnL-trnF and ycf1) and the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were employed to assess the genetic variation across 12 P. armeniaca populations. The results of cpDNA and ITS sequence data analysis showed that the level of genetic diversity in P. armeniaca was high (cpDNA: HT=0.499; ITS: HT=0.876), and the level of genetic differentiation was low (cpDNA: FST=0.1628; ITS: FST=0.0297). An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the genetic variation in P. armeniaca occurred among individuals within populations. The value of interpopulation differentiation (NST) was significantly higher than the number of substitution types (GST), indicating a genealogical structure in P. armeniaca. P. armeniaca shared the same genotypes with related species and may be associated with them through continuous and extensive gene flow. The haplotypes/genotypes of cultivated apricot populations in Xinjiang, North China, and foreign apricot populations were mixed with large numbers of haplotypes/genotypes of wild apricot populations from the Ili River Valley. The wild apricot populations in the Ili River Valley contained the ancestral haplotypes/genotypes with the highest genetic diversity and were located in an area considered a potential glacial refugiume for P. armeniaca. Since population expansion occurred 16.53 kyr ago, the area has provided a suitable climate for the population and protected the genetic diversity of P. armeniaca.
Pre-Motor vs. Motor Cerebral Cortex Neuromodulation For Chronic Neuropathic Pain&nbsp;
Authors: Lavrov Igor , Latypov Timur , Mukhametova Elvira , Lundstrom Brian , Sandroni Paola , Lee Kendall , Klassen Bryan , Stead Matt 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex (ESCC) has been used to treat intractable neuropathic pain for nearly two decades, however, no standardized approach for this technique has been developed. In order to optimize targeting and validate the effect of ESCC before placing the permanent grid, we introduced initial assessment with trial stimulation, using a temporary grid of subdural electrodes. In this retrospective study we evaluate the role of electrode location on cerebral cortex in control of neuropathic pain and the role of trial stimulation in target-optimization for ESCC. Location of the temporary grid electrodes and location of permanent electrodes were evaluated in correlation with the long-term efficacy of ESCC. The results of this study demonstrate that the long-term effect of subdural pre-motor cortex stimulation is at least the same or higher compare to effect of subdural motor or combined pre-motor and motor cortex stimulation. These results also demonstrate that the initial trial stimulation helps to optimize permanent electrode positions in relation to the optimal functional target that is critical in cases when brain shift is expected. Proposed methodology and novel results open a new direction for development of neuromodulation techniques to control chronic neuropathic pain.
An Enhanced routing Technique to improve the Network Lifetime of Cognitive Sensor Network
Authors: Jyothi V , Subramanyam M.V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In terms of using the technology of Cognitive Radio (CR), a Cognitive Sensor Network (CSN) is varied from the conventional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). According to the interaction with the surrounding environment, the transmitter parameters can be modified in the sensor nodes of CSN adaptively. In CSNs, routing is one of the important components. Based on the capability of spectrum-aware, the schemes of routing of CSNs are district from other networks. The changeable spectrum resource dynamically should be understood by the routing scheme to establish a path of reliable forwarding by the adjustment of routing policy adaptively. In CSNs, reliable routing is an essential thing but still not a well-explored problem in CSNs. Packet drops due to spectrum unavailability and buffer overflows seriously affects the connectivity of the nodes. The whole network’s lifetime and the data delivery rate are impacted by the prolonging packet drops. To increase the nodes’ lifetime, the addressing of this drawback in the phase of routing should be done. Before the making of routing decisions, a new routing technique is proposed named as Drop factor based energy efficient routing technique (DFBEER) with the use of packet drop ratio and power dissipation metric of the spectrum links. With the total number of users in the routing path, the drop factor is computed. Power dissipation is calculated based on the transmitted data packets versus the amount of total consumed energy. This method reduces the drop ratio by avoiding the high drop factor nodes from being participating in the routing process. It always ensures that the data would be handled by the low dropping ratio nodes, thus the network’s lifetime is improved.
The Impact of Cation Distribution on The Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nonstoichiometric Co0.5Ni0.5+xFe2-xO4 Nanoferrites
Authors: Wahba Adel Maher , Moharam Bahaa Eldeen M. , Mahmoud Aya Fayez 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, the impact of nonstoichiometric substitution of Fe3+ cations by Ni2+ ones on the structural and magnetic properties of Co0.5Ni0.5+xFe2-xO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) nanoferrites synthesized by citric autocombustion method. The cubic phase purity for sintered samples were verified by XRD patterns and FTIR spectra. The crystallite size and microstrain were deduced using Williamson-Hall method. The estimated crystallite size ranges from 55 to 89 nm in agreement with TEM microimages. Hysteresis loops traced using VSM prevailed a regular reduction of saturation magnetization with Ni substitution. Relied on the experimental data of XRD, FTIR, and VSM, cation distribution has been suggested, according to which the nonstoichiometric substitution was compensated by the appearance of higher valance states of Fe, Ni, and Co cations. The suggested cation distribution successfully explained the recorded data of lattice parameter, crystallite size, IR frequencies, magnetization and coercivity.
Exploring the Effect of Renewable Energy on Low-Carbon Sustainable Development in the Belt and Road Initiative Countries: Evidence From the Spatial-Temporal Perspective
Authors: He Jianhan , Chen Jianhua , Peng Hengming , Duan Hailin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has promoted the deployment of renewable energy to achieve sustainability. It is essential to reveal the influence of renewable energy on low-carbon economic development. The share of renewable energy consumption (SREC) is taken as the core explanatory variable in this paper, and its impacts on carbon emission intensity (CEI) and economic growth are investigated from the spatial-temporal perspective. First, the panel Granger causality test is applied for revealing the causal links among SREC, CEI, and economic growth during 1999-2017. Then, this paper investigates the impacts of SREC on economic growth and CEI through rigorous econometric techniques. Based on the regression results, Shapley value decomposition is utilized to account for the cross-country inequalities of economic growth and CEI. The main findings are as follows: (1) There exist bidirectional Granger causalities between SREC, economic growth, and CEI, which shows there is a systematic link between the three variables. (2) All models demonstrate the inverted U-shaped nexus between SREC and economic growth, indicating renewable energy deployment costs are urgent to be decreased with SREG increasing. Besides, capital investment and openness positively affect economic growth, but energy intensity has an opposite impact. (3) From the spatial heterogeneity perspective, the cross-country inequality in economic growth is primarily due to the regional inequality of capital investment, followed by energy intensity and SREC. By contrast, the impacts of labor and openness are negligible. (4) SREC has a negative effect on CEI. In addition, an inverted U-shaped nexus between economic growth and CEI is observed. Energy intensity positively affects CEI, while the impacts of urbanization and openness are insignificant. (5) From the spatial heterogeneity perspective, the cross-country CEI inequality is mostly caused by the inequality of energy intensity, followed by SREC, urbanization and economic growth, while the contribution of the openness gap is little. This article provides important implications for low-carbon development in the BRI countries.
Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Relationship of Ethiopian Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Landraces as reveled by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers
Authors: Dido Allo Aman , Singh B.J.K. , Assefa Ermias , Kr M.S.R. , Degefu Dawit , Tesfaye Kassahun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Characterization of genetic resources maintained at genebanks has important implications for future utilization and collection activities. A total of 49 simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers were used to study genetic diversity and relationships among 376 barley landraces collected from different barley producing parts of Ethiopia and eight cultivars. Overall, 478 alleles with an average of 9.755 alleles per locus were obtained of which 97.07% of the loci were observed to be polymorphic. Nei’s genetic diversity index (h) was 0.654, and the Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.647, indicating that the genetic diversity in barley genotypes studies was moderately high. At the population level, the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) averaged 98.37%, h = averaged 0.388, and I = averaged 0.568. The highest level of genetic diversity was observed in the AR population (PPL =100%, h = 0.439, I = 0.624); the lowest was observed in the JM population (PPL = 75.51%, h = 0.291, I =0.430). AMOVA revealed significant genetic differentiation within and between populations (P < 0.001), with 84.21% of the variation occurring within populations and 15.79% occurring among populations. Genetic variation analysis showed a coefficient of gene differentiation of 0.053 and a gene flow value of 4.467 among populations. The 384 barley genotypes were divided into seven genetic clusters according to STRUCTURE, Neighbour joining tree and principal coordinate analysis, correlating significantly with geographic distribution. These results will assist with the formulation of conservation strategies, such as genetic rescue and on-farm in situ and ex situ conservation.