bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark matter interacting via a massive spin-2 mediator in warped extra-dimensions
Authors: de Giorgi A. , Vogl S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study dark matter interacting via a massive spin-2 mediator. To have a consistent effective theory for the spin-2 particle, we work in a warped extra-dimensional model such that the mediator(s) are the Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes of the 5D graviton. We pay close attention to dark matter annihilations into KK-gravitons. Due to the high energy behavior of longitudinal modes of spin-2 fields, these channels exhibit a tremendous growth at large center of mass energies $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

if only one spin-2 mediator is considered. For the first time, we include the full KK-tower in this dark matter production process and find that this growth is unphysical and cancels once the full field content of the extra-dimensional theory is taken into account. Interestingly, this implies that it is not possible to approximate the results obtained in the full theory with a reduced set of effective interactions once $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

is greater than the first graviton mass. This casts some doubt on the universal applicability of previous studies with spin-2 mediators within an EFT framework and prompts us to revisit the phenomenological allowed parameter space of gravitationally interacting scalar dark matter in warped extra-dimensions.
Matching of fracture functions for SIDIS in target fragmentation region
Authors: Chen K.B. , Ma J.P. , Tong X.B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the target fragmentation region of Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering, the diffractively produced hadron has small transverse momentum. If it is at order of ΛQCD, it prevents to make predictions with the standard collinear factorization. However, in this case, differential cross-sections can be predicted by the factorization with fracture functions, diffractive parton distributions. If the transverse momentum is much larger than ΛQCD but much smaller than Q which is the virtuality of the virtual photon, both factorizations apply. In this case, fracture functions can be factorized with collinear parton distributions and fragmentation functions. We study the factorization up to twist-3 level and obtain gauge invariant results. They will be helpful for modeling fracture functions and useful for resummation of large logarithm of the transverse momentum appearing in collinear factorization.
Carbon dioxide inhibits COVID-19-type proinflammatory responses through extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, novel carbon dioxide sensors
Authors: Galganska Hanna , Jarmuszkiewicz Wieslawa , Galganski Lukasz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways are crucial for developmental processes, oncogenesis, and inflammation, including the production of proinflammatory cytokines caused by reactive oxygen species and upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. There are no drugs that can effectively prevent excessive inflammatory responses in endothelial cells in the lungs, heart, brain, and kidneys, which are considered the main causes of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this work, we demonstrate that human MAPKs, i.e. extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), are CO2 sensors and CO2 is an efficient anti-inflammatory compound that exerts its effects through inactivating ERK1/2 in cultured endothelial cells when the CO2 concentration is elevated. CO2 is a potent inhibitor of cellular proinflammatory responses caused by H2O2 or the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. ERK1/2 activated by the combined action of RBD and cytokines crucial for the development of severe COVID-19, i.e. interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), are more effectively inactivated by CO2 than by dexamethasone or acetylsalicylic acid in human bronchial epithelial cells. Previously, many preclinical and clinical studies showed that the transient application of 5–8% CO2 is safe and effective in the treatment of many diseases. Therefore, our research indicates that CO2 may be used for the treatment of COVID-19 as well as the modification of hundreds of cellular pathways.
Cheeger Sets for Rotationally Symmetric Planar Convex Bodies
Authors: Cañete Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this note we obtain some properties of the Cheeger set $$C_\varOmega $$

C
Ω

associated to a k-rotationally symmetric planar convex body $$\varOmega $$
Ω
. More precisely, we prove that $$C_\varOmega $$

C
Ω

is also k-rotationally symmetric and that the boundary of $$C_\varOmega $$

C
Ω

touches all the edges of $$\varOmega $$
Ω
.
Genetic and physiological characterization of sunflower resistance provided by the wild-derived OrDeb2 gene against highly virulent races of Orobanche cumana Wallr
Authors: Fernández-Aparicio Mónica , del Moral Lidia , Muños Stéphane , Velasco Leonardo , Pérez-Vich Begoña 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Key message
OrDeb2 confers post-attachment resistance to Orobanche cumana and is located in a 1.38 Mbp genomic interval containing a cluster of receptor-like kinase and receptor-like protein genes with nine high-confidence candidates.

Abstract
Sunflower broomrape is a holoparasitic angiosperm that parasitizes on sunflower roots, severely constraining crop yield. Breeding for resistance is the most effective method of control. OrDeb2 is a dominant resistance gene introgressed into cultivated sunflower from a wild-related species that confers resistance to highly virulent broomrape races. The objectives of this study were as follows: (i) locate OrDeb2 into the sunflower genome and determine putative candidate genes and (ii) characterize its underlying resistance mechanism. A segregating population from a cross between the sunflower resistant line DEB2, carrying OrDeb2, and a susceptible line was phenotyped for broomrape resistance in four experiments, including different environments and two broomrape races (FGV and GTK). This population was also densely genotyped with microsatellite and SNP markers, which allowed locating OrDeb2 within a 0.9 cM interval in the upper half of Chromosome 4. This interval corresponded to a 1.38 Mbp genomic region of the sunflower reference genome that contained a cluster of genes encoding LRR (leucine-rich repeat) receptor-like proteins lacking a cytoplasmic kinase domain and receptor-like kinases with one or two kinase domains and lacking an extracellular LRR region, which were valuable candidates for OrDeb2. Rhizotron and histological studies showed that OrDeb2 determines a post-attachment resistance response that blocks O. cumana development mainly at the cortex before the establishment of host-parasite vascular connections. This study will contribute to understand the interaction between crops and parasitic weeds, to establish durable breeding strategies based on genetic resistance and provide useful tools for marker-assisted selection and OrDeb2 map-based cloning.
Child marriage and infant mortality: causal evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Garcia-Hombrados Jorge 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study assesses the causal effect of child marriage on infant mortality. Using age discontinuities in exposure to a law that raised the legal age of marriage for women in Ethiopia, the study estimates that a 1-year delay in a woman’s age at cohabitation during her teenage years reduces the probability of her first-born child dying during infancy by 3.8 percentage points. This impact is closely linked to the effect of delaying cohabitation on women’s age at first birth.
Cannon–Thurston maps for $${{\,\textrm{CAT}\,}}(0)$$ groups with isolated flats
Authors: Benjamin Beeker , Cordes Matthew , Gardam Giles , Gupta Radhika , Stark Emily 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMahan Mitra (Mj) proved Cannon–Thurston maps exist for normal hyperbolic subgroups of a hyperbolic group (Mitra in Topology, 37(3):527–538, 1998). We prove that Cannon–Thurston maps do not exist for infinite normal hyperbolic subgroups of non-hyperbolic $${{\,\textrm{CAT}\,}}(0)$$

CAT

(
0
)

groups with isolated flats with respect to the visual boundaries. We also show Cannon–Thurston maps do not exist for infinite infinite-index normal $${{\,\textrm{CAT}\,}}(0)$$

CAT

(
0
)

subgroups with isolated flats in non-hyperbolic $${{\,\textrm{CAT}\,}}(0)$$

CAT

(
0
)

groups with isolated flats. We obtain a structure theorem for the normal subgroups in these settings and show that outer automorphism groups of hyperbolic groups have no purely atoroidal $$\mathbb {Z}^2$$

Z

2

subgroups.
Jacques Tits motivic measure
Authors: Tabuada Gonçalo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article we construct a new motivic measure called theJacques Tits motivic measure. As a first main application, we prove that two Severi-Brauer varieties (or, more generally, two twisted Grassmannian varieties), associated to 2-torsion central simple algebras, have the same class in the Grothendieck ring of varieties if and only if they are isomorphic. In addition, we prove that if two Severi-Brauer varieties, associated to central simple algebras of period$$\{3, 4, 5, 6\}$${3,4,5,6}, have the same class in the Grothendieck ring of varieties, then they are necessarily birational to each other. As a second main application, we prove that two quadric hypersurfaces (or, more generally, two involution varieties), associated to quadratic forms of dimension 6 or to quadratic forms of arbitrary dimension defined over a base fieldkwith$$I^3(k)=0$$I3(k)=0, have the same class in the Grothendieck ring of varieties if and only if they are isomorphic. In addition, we prove that the latter main application also holds for products of quadric hypersurfaces.
No antidepressant-like acute effects of bright light on emotional information processing in healthy volunteers
Authors: Kaltenboeck Alexander , Ruzickova Tereza , Breunhölder Veronika , Zghoul Tarek , Cowen Philip J. , Harmer Catherine J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rationale
Bright light treatment (BLT) is an efficacious antidepressant intervention, but its mechanism of action is not well understood. Antidepressant drugs acutely affect how emotional information is processed, pushing the brain to prioritise positive relative to negative input. Whether BLT could have a similar effect is not known to date.

Objective
To test whether BLT acutely influences emotional information processing similar to antidepressant drugs, using an established healthy volunteer assay.

Methods
Following a double-blind, parallel-group design, 49 healthy volunteers (18–65 years, 26 females) were randomly allocated to 60-min BLT (≥ 10,000 lux) or sham-placebo treatment early in the morning in autumn/winter. Immediately after treatment, emotional information processing was assessed using the Oxford Emotional Test Battery, a validated set of behavioural tasks tapping into emotional information processing in different cognitive domains. Participants also completed questionnaires before and after treatment to assess changes in subjective state.

Results
The BLT group did not show significantly more positively biased emotional information processing compared to the placebo group (p > 0.05 for all measures). After adjustment for pre-treatment scores, there were also no significant post-treatment differences between groups in subjective state (p > 0.05 for all measures).

Conclusions
BLT did not show immediate effects on emotional information processing in an established healthy volunteer assay. Thus, BLT might exert its clinical effects through a different (cognitive) mechanism than other antidepressant interventions. Future studies should corroborate this finding including clinical populations and more intensive treatment regimes, and control for potential chronobiological effects.
Weak Convergence Rates for Spatial Spectral Galerkin Approximations of Semilinear Stochastic Wave Equations with Multiplicative Noise
Authors: Jacobe de Naurois Ladislas , Jentzen Arnulf , Welti Timo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStochastic wave equations appear in several models for evolutionary processes subject to random forces, such as the motion of a strand of DNA in a liquid or heat flow around a ring. Semilinear stochastic wave equations can typically not be solved explicitly, but the literature contains a number of results which show that numerical approximation processes converge with suitable rates of convergence to solutions of such equations. In the case of approximation results for strong convergence rates, semilinear stochastic wave equations with both additive or multiplicative noise have been considered in the literature. In contrast, the existing approximation results for weak convergence rates assume that the diffusion coefficient of the considered semilinear stochastic wave equation is constant, that is, it is assumed that the considered wave equation is driven by additive noise, and no approximation results for multiplicative noise are known. The purpose of this work is to close this gap and to establish essentially sharp weak convergence rates for spatial spectral Galerkin approximations of semilinear stochastic wave equations with multiplicative noise. In particular, our weak convergence result establishes as a special case essentially sharp weak convergence rates for the continuous version of the hyperbolic Anderson model. Our method of proof makes use of the Kolmogorov equation and the Hölder-inequality for Schatten norms.
Immunisation with UB-312 in the Thy1SNCA mouse prevents motor performance deficits and oligomeric α-synuclein accumulation in the brain and gut
Authors: Nimmo Jacqui T. , Smith Harry , Wang Chang Yi , Teeling Jessica L. , Nicoll James A. R. , Verma Ajay , Dodart Jean-Cosme , Liu Zhi , Lin Feng , Carare Roxana O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlpha synuclein has a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (LBD) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). Immunotherapies aiming at neutralising toxic αSyn species are being investigated in the clinic as potential disease modifying therapies for PD and other synucleinopathies. In this study, the effects of active immunisation against αSyn with the UB-312 vaccine were investigated in the Thy1SNCA/15 mouse model of PD. Young transgenic and wild-type mice received an immunisation regimen over a period of 6 weeks, then observed for an additional 9 weeks. Behavioural assessment was conducted before immunisation and at 15 weeks after the first dose. UB-312 immunisation prevented the development of motor impairment in the wire test and challenging beam test, which was associated with reduced levels of αSyn oligomers in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of Thy1SNCA/15 mice. UB-312 immunotherapy resulted in a significant reduction of theαSyn load in the colon, accompanied by a reduction in enteric glial cell reactivity in the colonic ganglia. Our results demonstrate that immunisation with UB-312 prevents functional deficits and both central and peripheral pathology in Thy1SNCA/15 mice.
Impact of chronic stress exposure on cognitive performance incorporating the active and healthy aging (AHA) concept within the cross-sectional Bern Cohort Study 2014 (BeCS-14)
Authors: Arifi Deborah , Bitterlich Norman , von Wolff Michael , Poethig Dagmar , Stute Petra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to verify that the mental-cognitive domain of the validated generic bio-functional status (BFS)/bio-functional age (BFA) assessment tool, incorporating the concept of Active and Healthy Ageing (AHA), reflects cognitive performance. In addition, the effects of chronic stress exposure on the mental-cognitive BFS/BFA should be investigated.

Methods
The study was carried out as a monocenter, cross-sectional, observational, non-interventional trial (Bern Cohort Study 2014, BeCS-14) with the participation of 147 non-pediatric, non-geriatric subjects. All participants followed a standardized battery of biopsychosocial assessments consisting of BFS/BFA, a validated cognitive performance test battery (Inventar zur Gedächtnisdiagnostik; IGD) and a validated questionnaire for the assessment of chronic stress (Trier Inventory for the assessment of Chronic Stress; TICS), respectively.

Results
Mean cognitive performance was average and higher in younger or better educated individuals. The BFA of the participants was 7.8 ± 7.8 year-equivalents below their chronological age. The mental-cognitive BFS/BFA assessment correlated well with the validated questionnaire for cognition assessment, the IGD. Further, three TICS subdomains (work overload (r =  − 0.246, p = 0.003), work discontent (r =  − 0.299, p = 0.006) and pressure to succeed (r =  − 0.274, p < 0.001)), reflecting mainly work-related stress, showed a significant negative correlation with the mental-cognitive BFS/BFA.

Conclusions
Our study shows that the BFS/BFA assessment tool follows European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP-AHA) requirements. Further, we could demonstrate that higher levels of chronic work-related stress may be associated with poorer mental-cognitive performance and a pro-aging state indicating that cognitive impairments can be reduced by stress management interventions.
Prevalence and patterns of traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth: a 3-year retrospective overview study in Vienna
Authors: Lembacher Sophie , Schneider Steffen , Lettner Steffen , Bekes Katrin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to retrospectively identify the prevalence, patterns, and accident types of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children with primary teeth in Vienna, Austria.

Material and methods
The investigation was conducted as a retrospective overview study including all children with TDIs in primary teeth at the University Dental Clinic of Vienna (Austria) between 2014 and 2016. Dental records including age, gender, location of trauma, type of trauma, cause of TDI, and location of traumatic incident were obtained. Furthermore, the time of presentation and the time span between TDI and initial treatment were evaluated.

Results
The sample comprised TDIs in 243 patients with 403 primary teeth. In a ratio of 1:1.45, boys were significantly more involved than girls. Upper central and lateral incisors were most frequently affected (n = 371, 92.1%). Dislocations were the most common type of injury (n = 298, 74%) with subluxations being the most prevalent form (n = 85, 28.5%). In 23% (n = 92), fractures were observed. The majority of traumatic incidents occurred at home (88.5%).

Conclusion
The injury characteristics are comparable to what has previously been reported in other studies in pediatric populations.

Clinical relevance
TDIs are a prevalent event in children worldwide and incisors are the most affected teeth in the primary dentition. Thus, dental practitioners should be able to handle these injuries.
Clinical and histological evaluation of a dual sequential application of fractional 10,600 nm and 1570 nm lasers, compared to single applications in a porcine model
Authors: Snast Igor , Lapidoth Moshe , Levi Assi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The sequential application of fractional ablative/10,600 nm/CO2 followed by 1570 nm non-ablative laser treatment might produce better results than applying either laser treatment alone. However, histological data regarding the safety of this combination is lacking. This study aimed to assess and compare clinical effects, histological tissue damage, and wound healing after monochromatic and sequential fractional laser treatments. In this prospective porcine model study, three adult female pigs were each irradiated using three different wavelengths: (a) monochromatic fractional ablative CO2 laser; (b) monochromatic fractional non-ablative 1570 nm laser; (c) sequential fractional 10,600 nm/CO2 followed by 1570 nm laser treatment. There were six power levels in the monochromatic 1570 nm laser, five in the 10,600 nm/CO2, and five in the sequential treatment. The immediate skin reaction (ISR), crusting and adverse effects, was evaluated across different time points throughout the healing process. Wound biopsies were taken at immediately after (0) and at 3, 7, and 14 days after irradiation. Depth and width of craters, and width of coagulation zone were measured and compared. Similar ISR and crusting score values were obtained following the monochromatic and sequential irradiation in a similar dose–response manner. During 14 days of follow-up, the skin looked intact and non-infected with no signs of necrosis. The mean depth and width of craters were comparable only at the maximal energy level (240 mJ) of CO2 laser, with the coagulation size greater after the sequential treatment. In histology, a similar wound healing was evident. On day 3, crusts were observed above all lesions as was epithelial regeneration. The sequential irradiation with 10,600 nm/CO2 and 1570 nm lasers did not pose any additional risk compared to the risk of each laser alone.
Interdisciplinary insights into the link between gut microbiome and gastric carcinogenesis—what is currently known?
Authors: Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka Karolina , Daca Agnieszka , Roviello Giandomenico , Catalano Martina , Połom Karol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCurrently, gastric cancer is one of the leading death-related cancer globally. The etiopathogenesis of gastric cancer is multifactorial and includes among others dysbiotic alterations of gastric microbiota. Molecular techniques revealed that stomach is not a sterile organ and it is resides with ecosystem of microbes. Due to the fact that the role ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in development of gastric cancer is established and well-studied, this paper is mainly focused on the role of other bacterial as well as viral and fungal gut microbiota imbalance in gastric carcinogenesis. Notably, not only the composition of gastric microbiota may play an important role in development of gastric cancer, but also its activity. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, polyamines, N-nitroso compounds, and lactate, may significantly affect gastric carcinogenesis. Therefore, this paper discussed aforementioned aspects with the interdisciplinary insights (regarding also immunological point of view) into the association between gut microbiome and gastric carcinogenesis based on up-to-date studies.
Two-phase SPH modelling of a real debris avalanche and analysis of its impact on bottom drainage screens
Authors: Tayyebi Saeid M. , Pastor Manuel , Stickle Miguel M. , Yagüe Ángel , Manzanal Diego , Molinos Miguel , Navas Pedro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRapid flow-like landslides, particularly debris flows and debris avalanches, cause significant economic damage and many victims worldwide every year. They are usually extremely fast with the capability of travelling long distances in short times, sweeping away everything in their path. The principal objective of this paper is to test the ability of the ‘GeoFlow-SPH’ two-phase model developed by the authors, to reproduce the complex behaviour of natural debris avalanches where pore-water pressure evolution plays a key role. To reach this goal, the model is applied to reproduce the complex dynamic behaviour observed in Johnsons Landing debris avalanche including the observed bifurcation caused by the flowing out of part of the moving mass from the mid-channel. Initial thickness deposit trim-line, distribution of deposit volume, and the average velocities were provided for this real case, making it an appropriate case to validate the developed model. The paper also contributes to evaluate the SPH-FD model’s potentialities to simulate the structural countermeasure, like bottom drainage screens, used to reduce the impact of debris flows. The analysis of the results shows the adequacy of the proposed model to solve this complicated geophysical problem.