bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Populating the brown dwarf and stellar boundary: Five stars with transiting companions near the hydrogen-burning mass limit
Authors: Grieves Nolan , Bouchy François , Lendl Monika , Carmichael Theron , Mireles Ismael , Shporer Avi , McLeod Kim K. , Collins Karen A. , Brahm Rafael , Stassun Keivan G. , Gill Sam , Bouma Luke G. , Guillot Tristan , Cointepas Marion , Dos Santos Leonardo A. , Casewell Sarah L. , Jenkins Jon M. , Henning Thomas , Nielsen Louise D. , Psaridi Angelica , Udry Stéphane , Ségransan Damien , Eastman Jason D. , Zhou George , Abe Lyu , Agabi Abelkrim , Bakos Gaspar , Charbonneau David , Collins Kevin I. , Colon Knicole D. , Crouzet Nicolas , Dransfield Georgina , Evans Phil , Goeke Robert F. , Hart Rhodes , Irwin Jonathan M. , Jensen Eric L. N. , Jordán Andrés , Kielkopf John F. , Latham David W. , Marie-Sainte Wenceslas , Mékarnia Djamel , Nelson Peter , Quinn Samuel N. , Radford Don J. , Rodriguez David R. , Rowden Pamela , Schmider François–Xavier , Schwarz Richard P. , Smith Jeffrey C. , Stockdale Chris , Suarez Olga , Tan Thiam-Guan , Triaud Amaury H. M. J. , Waalkes William , Wingham Geof 
Published: July 2021

We report the discovery of five transiting companions near the hydrogen-burning mass limit in close orbits around main sequence stars originally identified by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) as TESS objects of interest (TOIs): TOI-148, TOI-587, TOI-681, TOI-746, and TOI-1213. Using TESS and ground-based photometry as well as radial velocities from the CORALIE, CHIRON, TRES, and FEROS spectrographs, we found the companions have orbital periods between 4.8 and 27.2 days, masses between 77 and 98 MJup , and radii between 0.81 and 1.66 RJup . These targets have masses near the uncertain lower limit of hydrogen core fusion (~73-96 MJup ), which separates brown dwarfs and low-mass stars. We constrained young ages for TOI-587 (0.2 ± 0.1 Gyr) and TOI-681 (0.17 ± 0.03 Gyr) and found them to have relatively larger radii compared to other transiting companions of a similar mass. Conversely we estimated older ages for TOI-148 and TOI-746 and found them to have relatively smaller companion radii. With an effective temperature of 9800 ± 200 K, TOI-587 is the hottest known main-sequence star to host a transiting brown dwarf or very low-mass star. We found evidence of spin-orbit synchronization for TOI-148 and TOI-746 as well as tidal circularization for TOI-148. These companions add to the population of brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars with well measured parameters ideal to test formation models of these rare objects, the origin of the brown dwarf desert, and the distinction between brown dwarfs and hydrogen-burning main sequence stars.
Pachypodostyflavone, a New 3-methoxy Flavone and Other Constituents
with Antifilarial Activities from the Stem Bark of Duguetia
staudtii
Authors: Mbobda Alexis Sylvain Wafo , Ngouonpe Alain Wembe , Happi Gervais Mouthé , Mountessou Bel Youssouf G. , Monya Elvis , Jouda Jean-Bosco , Toussie Billy Tchegnitegni , Lenta Bruno Ndjakou , Sewald Norbert , Kouam Simeon Fogue , Tchouankeu Jean Claude 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new flavone derivative named pachypodostyflavone (1), along with 8 known
compounds (2–9) and a mixture of β-sitosterol and
stigmasterol were isolated from the stem bark of Duguetia staudtii
(Annonaceae), based on a bioassay-guided fractionation. Their structures were
determined using high-resolution mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopic data,
as well as by comparison with the literature values of their analogs. Selected
isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antifilaricidal
activities on Onchocerca ochengi microfilariae and adult worms.
Inhibition of motility was evaluated spectroscopically on microfilaria and adult
male worms. Viability was determined on adult female worms by the MTT/
Formazan assay. Auranofin at 10 µM and 2% DMSO were used as
positive and negative controls, respectively. Compounds 1 and 7
showed potent anti-onchocerca activities with 100% activity at 250
µg/mL on both O. ochengi adult male and female worms,
while compound 5 displayed 100% activity at
30 µg/mL.
Screening of 20 Pantanal Wetland Plants for Anti-Candida
Activity using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and Bioautography to Characterize Active
Compounds
Authors: de Brito Daniela Z. , Cassemiro Nadla S. , de Souza Jeana M. E. , Damasceno-Junior Geraldo A. , Oliveira Rodrigo J. , Carollo Carlos A. , Chang Marilene R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Pantanal wetland harbors a rich flora with uncharted pharmacological
potential. This study evaluated 20 Brazilian Pantanal plants against Candida
albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. Fungal
susceptibility was determined by agar diffusion and broth microdilution; active
compounds were identified by bioautography and HPLC-DAD-MS/MS.
Sesbania virgata, Polygala molluginifolia, and Cantinoa mutabilis
extracts and their chloroform and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions exhibited the
best activity against all Candida species tested. The EtOAc fraction of
P. molluginifolia proved to be more efficient in inhibiting C.
parapsilosis and C. krusei growth (Minimum inhibitory
concentration of 125 and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively).
Bioautography of this fraction revealed two active bands, characterized by
HPLC-DAD-MS/MS as a mixture of podophyllotoxin derivatives blumenol,
besides some flavonoids. This work demonstrated antifungal potential of P.
molluginifolia podophyllotoxin derivatives and the versatility of
bioautography with HPLC-DAD-MS/MS to identify the bioactive
compounds.
Kontinuierliche passive Bewegungstherapie (CPM-Therapie) in der orthopädischen Rehabilitation am Schultergelenk – eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Schulze Christoph , Knaack Franziska , Goosmann Martin , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Bader Rainer 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die kontinuierliche passive Bewegung (CPM) der Schulter wird in der orthopädischen Rehabilitation überwiegend bei der postoperativen Mobilisierung des Schultergürtels angewandt. Häufig erfolgt die Anwendung nach Rotatorenmanschettennaht (RM-Naht). Arbeitsunfähigkeit und Therapie von Schultererkrankungen verursachen bedeutende Kosten für das Solidarsystem in Deutschland.
Methode In einer Literaturanalyse wurden daher Studien sowie Übersichtsarbeiten zur CPM in wissenschaftlichen Datenbanken identifiziert und in Bezug auf das funktionelle Outcome insbesondere nach operativen Eingriffen am Schultergelenk analysiert. Die Qualität der Studien wurde mittels Cochrane Collaborationʼs Risk of Bias Tool bewertet.
Ergebnis Nach Rotatorenmanschetten-Naht wurde in klinischen Studien überwiegend eine schnellere Verbesserung des Schmerzniveaus und der Schulter-Beweglichkeit bei Nutzung der CPM-Behandlung gegenüber anderen Behandlungsformen aufgezeigt. Bei Schultersteife konnten nur Arbeiten mit Anwendung der CPM in der konservativen Therapie gefunden werden, wobei ebenfalls über eine Verbesserung des Schmerzniveaus berichtet wurde. Hinsichtlich des Einsatzes bei Schulter-Impingement, Humeruskopffraktur oder nach Implantation einer Schulterendoprothese konnten keine aussagekräftigen Studien gefunden werden. Die gesundheitsökonomischen Effekte des Einsatzes von CPM werden kontrovers diskutiert. In den zur Verfügung stehenden Arbeiten werden Gerät- und Begleitkosten unterschiedlich bewertet.
Schlussfolgerung Die analysierten klinischen Studien zeigten insgesamt positive Effekte bei einer Nutzung der CPM-Therapie, d. h. eine schnellere Verbesserung des Schmerzniveaus und der Schulter-Beweglichkeit, im Rahmen der postoperativen Nachbehandlung des Schultergürtels nach Rotatorenmanschetten-Naht sowie der konservativen Behandlung der Schultersteife. Bei anderen Entitäten sind bislang keine aussagekräftigen Arbeiten in der Literatur verfügbar. Da die gesundheitsökonomischen Effekte des Einsatzes von CPM bislang kontrovers betrachtet werden, sollten mögliche gesundheitsökonomische Vorteile des Einsatzes einer CPM-Behandlung durch nachfolgende Untersuchungen evaluiert werden.
Allicin Reduces 5-fluorouracil-resistance in Gastric Cancer Cells
through Modulating MDR1, DKK1, and WNT5A Expression
Authors: Khakbaz Parya , Panahizadeh Reza , Vatankhah Mohammad Amin , Najafzadeh Nowruz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background & Objective 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is approved for the
treatment of gastric carcinoma (GC), but chemo-resistance limits the application
of it for GC. Thus, the combination of 5-FU with adjuvants such as allicin may
overcome multidrug resistance (MDR).
Methods The anticancer effects of allicin, 5-FU, and allicin/5-FU
on the 5-FU resistant MKN-45 cells were evaluated by MTT assay and DAPi
staining. The expression of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CD44 protein were
determined using immunocytochemistry. We also quantified mRNA expression levels
of WNT5A, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), and MDR1 in the GC cells.
Results Here, we found that the combination of allicin with 5-FU
significantly increased apoptosis compared to 5-FU alone
(P<0.05). We showed that WNT5A, MDR1, and
DKK1 mRNA expression levels were down-regulated in the allicin- and
allicin/5-FU-treated cells. Indeed, the combination of allicin and 5-FU
significantly decreased the expression of the P-gp and CD44 proteins
(P<0.05).
Conclusion Our findings indicate that the combination of allicin with 5-FU
could reverse multidrug resistance in the GC cells by reducing the expression of
WNT5A, DKK1, MDR1, P-gp, and CD44 levels.
Prevention of COVID-19 in Thoracic Surgery Patients: Lessons Learned during the First Pandemic Wave
Authors: Stoleriu Mircea Gabriel , Gerckens Michael , Ströh Katja , Kovács Julia , Samm Nicole , Obereisenbuchner Florian , Hetrodt Justin , Schmidt Felicitas Maria , Reinmuth Niels , Heiß-Neumann Marion , Stacher-Priehse Elvira , Koch Ina , Behr Jürgen , Ketscher Christian , Grützner Uwe , Hatz Rudolf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the implementation of measures to prevent perioperative COVID-19 in thoracic surgery during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic 2020 allowing a continued surgical treatment of patients.
Methods The implemented preventive measures in patient management of the thoracic surgery department of the Asklepios Lung Clinic Munich-Gauting, Germany were retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative COVID-19 incidence before and after implementation of preventive measures was investigated. Patients admitted for thoracic surgical procedures between March and May 2020 were included in the study. Patient characteristics were analyzed. For the early detection of putative postoperative COVID-19 symptoms, typical post-discharge symptomatology of thoracic surgery patients was compared to non-surgical patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
Results Thirty-five surgical procedures and fifty-seven surgical procedures were performed before and after implementation of the preventive measures, respectively. Three patients undergoing thoracic surgery before implementation of preventive measures developed a COVID-19 pneumonia post-discharge. After implementation of preventive measures, no postoperative COVID-19 cases were identified. Fever, dyspnea, dry cough and diarrhea were significantly more prevalent in COVID-19 patients compared to normally recovering thoracic surgery patients, while anosmia, phlegm, low energy levels, body ache and nausea were similarly frequent in both groups.
Conclusions Based on the lessons learned during the first pandemic wave, we here provide a blueprint for successful easily implementable preventive measures minimizing SARS-CoV-2 transmission to thoracic surgery patients perioperatively. While symptoms of COVID-19 and the normal postoperative course of thoracic surgery patients substantially overlap, we found dyspnea, fever, cough, and diarrhea significantly more prevalent in COVID-19 patients than in normally recovering thoracic surgery patients. These symptoms should trigger further diagnostic testing for postoperative COVID-19 in thoracic surgery patients.
Similar Time Near VO2max Regardless of Work Rate Manipulation in
Cycling Interval Training
Authors: Wommer Daiane , Turnes Tiago , Souza KristopherMendes , Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme Antonacci 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe current study aimed to compare time spent above 90% V̇O2max
(tV̇O2max) during 3 work-matched interval training protocols comprising
8×60-second exercise efforts with decreasing, increasing, or constant
work rate distribution within each exercise interval. Ten healthy male subjects
(age: 27.6±5.0 years; V̇O2max:
3.82±0.52 L•min–1) performed an incremental test
to determine V̇O2max and peak power output (P max). During
visits 2, 3, and 4, three work-matched interval training sessions comprising
8×60 s efforts: 60 s active recovery with the power
output held constant (100%Pmax; ITCON), decreasing (from 110 to
90%Pmax; ITDEC), or increasing (from 90 to 110%Pmax; ITINC)
linearly throughout each work interval. Time sustained above 90% of
V̇O2max (tV̇O2max) or HRmax (tHRmax), blood lactate
concentrations (BLC) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. The
tV̇O2max (ITCON: 274±132; ITDEC: 313±102; ITINC:
310±113 s, P=0.37), tHRmax (ITCON: 396±180;
ITDEC: 441±207; ITINC: 390±212 s, P=0.47), BLC
(P=0.73), and final RPE (P=0.75) were similar among protocols.
In conclusion, work-matched interval training induced similar time near
V̇O2max and associated physiological responses regardless of work rate
manipulation.
Melding of Experiment and Theory Illuminates Mechanisms of Metal-Catalyzed Rearrangements: Computational Approaches and Caveats
Authors: Tantillo Dean J. , Laconsay Croix J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis review summarizes approaches and caveats in computational modeling of transition-metal-catalyzed sigmatropic rearrangements involving carbene transfer. We highlight contemporary examples of combined synthetic and theoretical investigations that showcase the synergy achievable by integrating experiment and theory.1 Introduction2 Mechanistic Models3 Theoretical Approaches and Caveats3.1 Recommended Computational Tools3.2 Choice of Functional and Basis Set3.3 Conformations and Ligand-Binding Modes3.4 Solvation4 Synergy of Experiment and Theory – Case Studies4.1 Metal-Bound or Free Ylides?4.2 Conformations and Ligand-Binding Modes of Paddlewheel Complexes4.3 No Metal, Just Light4.4 How To ‘Cope’ with Nonstatistical Dynamic Effects5 Outlook
Diagnosis and Initial Investigation of Bronchiectasis
Authors: Amati Francesco , Simonetta Edoardo , Pilocane Tommaso , Gramegna Andrea , Goeminne Pieter , Oriano Martina , Pascual-Guardia Sergi , Mantero Marco , Voza Antonio , Santambrogio Martina , Blasi Francesco , Aliberti Stefano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBronchiectasis refers to both the name of a disease and a single radiological appearance that may, or may not, be associated with disease. As chronic respiratory disease, bronchiectasis is characterized by a variable range of signs and symptoms that may overlap with other chronic respiratory conditions. The proper identification of bronchiectasis as a disease in both primary and secondary care is of paramount importance. However, a standardized definition of radiologically and clinically significant bronchiectasis is still missing. Disease heterogeneity is a hallmark of bronchiectasis and applies not only to radiological features and clinical manifestations but also to other aspects of the disease, including the etiological and microbiological diagnosis as well as the evaluation of pulmonary function. Although the guidelines suggest a “minimum bundle” of tests, the diagnostic approach to bronchiectasis is challenging and may be driven by the “treatable traits” approach based on endotypes and biological characteristics. A broad spectrum of diagnostic tests could be used to investigate the etiology of bronchiectasis as well as other pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and environmental traits. Individualizing bronchiectasis workup according to the site of care (e.g., primary, secondary, and tertiary care) could help optimize patients' management and reduce healthcare costs.
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Shoemark Amelia , Harman Katharine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an inherited cause of bronchiectasis. The estimated PCD prevalence in children with bronchiectasis is up to 26% and in adults with bronchiectasis is 1 to 13%. Due to dysfunction of the multiple motile cilia of the respiratory tract patients suffer from poor mucociliary clearance. Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous; however, a typical patient presents with chronic productive cough and rhinosinusitis from early life. Other symptoms reflect the multiple roles of motile cilia in other organs and can include otitis media and hearing loss, infertility, situs inversus, complex congenital heart disease, and more rarely other syndromic features such as hydrocephalus and retinitis pigmentosa. Awareness, identification, and diagnosis of a patient with PCD are important for multidisciplinary care and genetic counseling. Diagnosis can be pursued through a multitest pathway which includes the measurement of nasal nitric oxide, sampling the nasal epithelium to assess ciliary function and structure, and genotyping. Diagnosis is confirmed by the identification of a hallmark ultrastructural defect or pathogenic mutations in one of > 45 PCD causing genes. When a diagnosis is established management is centered around improving mucociliary clearance through physiotherapy and treatment of infection with antibiotics. The first international randomized controlled trial in PCD has recently been conducted showing azithromycin is effective in reducing exacerbations. It is likely that evidence-based PCD-specific management guidelines and therapies will be developed in the near future. This article examines prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of PCD highlighting recent advances in basic science and clinical care.
Fatal Acute Pneumocephalus after Bilateral Drainage for Chronic Subdural Hematomas: Case Report
Authors: Lepić Milan , Mandić-Rajčević Stefan , Pavlićević Goran , Benović Radomir , Novaković Nenad , Rasulić Lukas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Pneumocephalus is a well-known complication in the surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematomas; however, its influence remains controversial. The amount of subdural air may vary, and it may cause worsening of symptoms, increase reoccurrence rates, and worsen the outcomes. Lethal outcome following acute onset of massive pneumocephalus was not previously reported.
Case Report An 81-year-old man with bilateral hematomas underwent surgery under local anesthesia. Both hematomas were approached in the same surgery, and the drains were placed subdurally. After initial improvement, severe hypertension developed, followed by vital function and neurologic deterioration. Massive pneumocephalus with subarachnoid and contralateral intracerebral hemorrhage was revealed, causing a severe midsagittal shift. Emergency irrigation to evacuate subdural air was performed. However, there was no improvement. Further computed tomography confirmed subdural air collection, but it also revealed hemorrhage progression and intraventricular propagation. No further surgery was indicated.
Conclusion Pneumocephalus is an underestimated but potentially devastating complication. Both intraoperative avoidance and postoperative prevention should be utilized to avoid subdural air ingress, and thus evade potentially fatal complications.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Tan Shera , Kasperbauer Shannon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and 193 species of NTM have been discovered thus far. NTM species vary in virulence from benign environmental organisms to difficult-to-treat human pathogens. Pulmonary infections remain the most common manifestation of NTM disease in humans and bronchiectasis continues to be a major risk factor for NTM pulmonary disease (NTM PD). This article will provide a useful introduction and framework for clinicians involved in the management of bronchiectasis and NTM. It includes an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of NTM PD. We will address the challenges faced in the diagnosis of NTM PD and the importance of subspeciation in guiding treatment and follow-up, especially in Mycobacterium abscessus infections. The treatment of both Mycobacterium avium complex and M. abscessus, the two most common NTM species known to cause disease, will be discussed in detail. Elements of the recent ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA NTM guidelines published in 2020 will also be reviewed.
Clinical Use of PROMIS, Neuro-QoL, TBI-QoL, and Other Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Individual Adult Clients with Cognitive and Language Disorders
Authors: Cohen Matthew L. , Lanzi Alyssa M. , Boulton Aaron J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) assess health outcomes from the patient's perspective. The National Institutes of Health has invested in the creation of numerous PROMs that comprise the PROMIS, Neuro-QoL, and TBI-QoL measurement systems. Some of these PROMs are potentially useful as primary or secondary outcome measures, or as contextual variables for the treatment of adults with cognitive/language disorders. These PROMs were primarily created for clinical research and interpretation of group means. They also have potential for use with individual clients; however, at present there is only sparse evidence and direction for this application of PROMs. Previous research by Cohen and Hula (2020) described how PROMs could support evidence-based practices in speech-language pathology. This companion article extends upon that work to present clinicians with implementation information about obtaining, administering, scoring, and interpreting PROMs for individual clients with cognitive/language disorders. This includes considerations of the type and extent of communication support that is appropriate, implications of the relatively large measurement error that accompanies individual scores and pairs of scores, and recommendations for applying minimal detectable change values depending on the clinician's desired level of measurement precision. However, more research is needed to guide the interpretation of PROM scores for an individual client.