bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of Distant Metastatic Sites in Anterior Skull Base Malignancies
Authors: Kraft Daniel O. , Carey Ryan M. , Prasad Aman , Rajasekaran Karthik , Kohanski Michael A. , Kennedy David W. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Newman Jason G. , Brant Jason A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to provide information regarding the prognosis of patients presenting with metastatic anterior skull base malignancies based upon histology and site of distant metastasis (DM).
Patients and Methods The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with anterior skull base malignant neoplasms with DM.
Outcomes Prognosis was compared between site of DM and tumor histologies. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS).
Results A total of 481 patients were identified. Lung was the most common site of DM (24.9%), followed by bone (22.2%), liver (5.6%), and brain (2.5%). Lung was the most common site for squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) (28.3%), melanoma (37.7%), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC; 31.4%). The median survival for patients presenting with metastatic disease regardless of tumor histology was 9.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.2–10.3), and patients with metastasis to the liver had the best median survival at 15.5 months (95% CI: 10.5–25.6). The median survivals for the most common histologies, SCCa, melanoma, and ACC were 8.2 months (95% CI: 5.5–10.2), 10.5 months (95% CI: 8.7–14.1), and 15.0 months (95% CI: 11.1–61.1), respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated worse overall survival (OS) for older patients, higher Charlson-Deyo comorbidity scores, and tumors with higher grade and T stage. Compared with metastasis to bone, lung metastasis had better OS on multivariable analysis (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51–97). Adenoid cystic carcinoma had improved OS compared with SCCa (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39–99).
Conclusion Tumor histology, metastatic sites, and several disease factors affected prognosis in anterior skull base malignancies with DM.
The Covid-19 shutdown: when studying turns digital, students want more structure
Authors: Gjerde Vegard , Gray Robert , Holst Bodil , Kolstø Stein Dankert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In March 2020, universities in Norway and many other countries shut down due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The students lost access to classrooms, libraries, study halls, and laboratories. Studying turned digital. Because it is unclear when this pandemic will cease to affect students and because we cannot know whether or when a new pandemic occurs, we need to find ways to improve digital study-life for students. An important step in this direction is to understand the students’ experiences and perspectives regarding how the digitalization affected their study-life both in structured learning arenas and their self-study. Therefore, we interviewed 12 students in an introductory mechanics course at a Norwegian university in June of 2020. Through a thematic analysis, we identified four broad categories in the students’ different experiences and reflections, namely that digitalization: (a) provides benefits, e.g. the flexibility inherent in online video lectures; (b) incurs learning costs, e.g. students reducing their study effort; (c) incurs social costs, e.g. missing being around other students; and (d) increases the need for structure, e.g. wanting to be arranged in digital groups to solve mandatory tasks. We also found that the 2019 students on average scored significantly better on the final exam than the 2020 students, d = 0.31, but we discuss why this result should be interpreted with caution. We provide suggestions for how to adapt courses to make students’ digital studying more socially stimulating and effective. Furthermore, this study is a contribution to the historical documentation of the Covid-19 pandemic.
A 3.3 kV 4H-SiC split gate MOSFET with a central implant region for superior trade-off between static and switching performance
Authors: Yoon Jongwoon , Kim Kwangsoo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A split gate MOSFET (SG-MOSFET) is widely known for reducing the reverse transfer capacitance (C
RSS). In a 3.3 kV class, the SG-MOSFET does not provide reliable operation due to the high gate oxide electric field. In addition to the poor static performance, the SG-MOSFET has issues such as the punch through and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) caused by the high gate oxide electric field. As such, a 3.3 kV 4H-SiC split gate MOSFET with a grounded central implant region (SG-CIMOSFET) is proposed to resolve these issues and for achieving a superior trade-off between the static and switching performance. The SG-CIMOSFET has a significantly low on-resistance (R
ON) and maximum gate oxide field (E
OX) due to the central implant region. A grounded central implant region significantly reduces the C
RSS and gate drain charge (Q
GD) by partially screening the gate-to-drain capacitive coupling. Compared to a planar MOSFET, the SG MOSFET, central implant MOSFET (CIMOSFET), the SG-CIMOSFET improve the R
ON×Q
GD by 83.7%, 72.4% and 44.5%, respectively. The results show that the device features not only the smallest switching energy loss but also the fastest switching time.
Experimental study on Mechanical Properties of green and environmental friendly self-compacting recycled concrete
Authors: Ma Zhijian , Fang Guangxiu , Liang Zuoyin , Jin Dagen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
By replacing cement with 5% of ground rice husk powder, 4% of corn stalk powder and 30% of fly ash, and replacing natural aggregate with 25% recycled aggregate, the Mechanical Properties of green and environment-friendly self-compacting recycled concrete were studied. The experimental results show that the early strength of the concrete is lower than the common self-compacting concrete. However, the strength of 56 days is up to the design requirement and the volume stability is good. According to the test value of the compressive strength of the concrete block, the curve equation of the relationship between the compressive strength and the age is put forward, and it provides a reference for similar concrete mix proportion design.
Experimental study on mix proportion of green environmental protection type three-doped fair-faced concrete
Authors: Zhang Ting , Fang Guangxiu , Chen Han , Cui Wenshuo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fair-faced concrete has been favored by the majority of architectural and structural designers. In response to the sustainable development strategy of our government, this paper studies the green environment-friendly fair-faced concrete mixed with agricultural and industrial wastes. Based on the statistical analysis of the existing literature on fair-faced concrete, the green environmental protection of fair-faced concrete was considered comprehensively. The mix proportion of “three-doped” fair-faced concrete mixed with ground rice husk ash, fly ash and mineral powder, which replaced the cement amount by 8%, 20% and 6% respectively, and its influence on compressive strength were studied through experiments. The experimental results show that the green environmental protection type fair-faced concrete mixed with rice husk ash, fly ash and mineral powder can achieve requirements of the compressive strength by the design. And the growth rate of compressive strength from the 28th day to the 56th day is higher than that of ordinary fair-faced concrete. At the same time, the curve equation of the relationship between the compressive strength and the age is put forward, and the fit is good, which can provide reference for the design of similar concrete mix proportion.
Analysis of tower foundation of long span single tower cable stayed bridge
Authors: Liu Bo-Hai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The pylon is an important stressed structure in the single pylon cable-stayed bridge. The rationality of bearing platform and pile foundation of pylon foundation is one of the key research contents in the design of single pylon cable-stayed bridge. The main bridge of Tarim bridge in Xinjiang is a single tower double span cable-stayed bridge with span arrangement of (41 + 168 + 168 + 41) m and total height of cable tower of 125m. Arc shaped concrete tower columns are adopted. The stress of cable tower foundation is complex. The stress analysis of foundation scheme is one of the key problems of this project. In this paper, the geological conditions, structural stress, economic rationality, construction convenience and other factors are comprehensively considered, the different foundation types are compared and analyzed, the reasonable foundation type and layout type are determined, and the stress of the pile and cap structure of the main tower foundation is calculated and analyzed. Through the solid finite element model, this paper analyzes the influence of the stiffness deformation of pile cap on the stress of pile group foundation. The calculation results show that the stress of dumbbell shaped pile cap is more reasonable than that of rectangular foundation pile cap, and the number of pile foundation and the calculated pile length are reduced in varying degrees. By adjusting the pile foundation arrangement under dumbbell shaped foundation, the stress of pile foundation can be more uniform, which can be used as the foundation for similar projects. The foundation design provides reference and reference.
A method for calibrating seawater polyaromatic hydrocarbons sensor
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Yang , Kong Xiangfeng , Wang Jingru , Wang Zhaoyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To solve the problems in the calibration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons sensor used in seawater, we proposed a new method that using 1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, disodium salt dihydrate instead of polyaromatic hydrocarbons standard substances to calibrate seawater polyaromatic hydrocarbons sensor. Relative to polyaromatic hydrocarbons standard substances, 1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, disodium salt dihydrate shows higher solubility in seawater, better stability under the detection wavelength of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and lower toxicity to organisms. Our results showed that the relative errors between real concentrations of standard substances and measuring concentrations of these standard substances via 1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, disodium salt dihydrate-calibrated sensor varied from 5~15%. Our method can reduce the complexity of calibration procedures, and keep the accuracy and precision of sensors in the determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in seawater.
Investigation on Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Typical Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Jiulianshan Nature Reserve
Authors: Zhang Qiugen , Xia Wei , Ding Yuan , Li Jian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nine investigation sample plots (each 20m×20m) were set up to investigate the biomass and soil bulk density of three typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests (Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba, Cyclobalanopsis glauca) in Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province in 2015 and 2020. The vegetation carbon density and carbon storage, soil carbon density and carbon storage, the carbon density and carbon storage of the investigation sample plots were calculated according to the organic carbon content of vegetation and soil. In addition, the changes in carbon sequestration capacity of three typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province in 2015 and 2020 were analyzed. The investigation results had shown that:Compared with 2015, the average organic carbon content of Castanopsis eyrei, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and Schima superba of Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province increased by 10.36%, 10.13% and 7.73% in 2020. The average organic carbon content of leaf, branch, stem and root increased also by 10.60%, 10.38%, 11.13% and 5.29% respectively. The soil organic carbon content of different soil layers in 2020 and 2015 were all decrease with the increase of soil depth. Compared to 2015, the organic carbon content increased while the soil bulk density decreased in 2020.
The average carbon density of the forest vegetation layer in the investigation plots of Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province had increased from 82.63t/hm2 in 2015 to 108.94t/hm2 in 2020. The carbon density of the arbor layer had increased from 76.11t/hm2 in 2015 to 106.09t/hm2 in 2020, while the carbon density of the shrub layer, herbaceous layer and litter layer in 2020 was lower than that in 2015. In 2015 and 2020, the carbon density of different vegetation layers in the three typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba and Cyclobalanopsis glauca were all ranked as arbor layer, shrub layer, litter layer and herbaceous layer.
The average soil carbon density (calculated by 10cm) at different depths in 2020 and 2015 in Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve of Jiangxi Province all decreased with the increase of the soil depth. The total average soil carbon density in 2020 was 168.03t/hm2, which was 35.4%% lower than that of 2015(288.05t/hm2).
The average carbon storage in the sample plot (20m×20m) in Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province decreased from 13771.04kg in 2015 to 10688.11kg in 2020 with a decrease of 22.38%. The average carbon storage of vegetation decreased from 3305.20kg in 2015 increased to 4357.60kg in 2020 with an increase of 31.8%, while the average soil carbon storage decreased from 10137.04kg in 2015 to 6475.51kg in 2020 whit a decrease of 36.1%.
Research on Sustainable Conservation of Ancient Villages by Utilizing Digital Technologies
Authors: Li Li , Peng Xuan , Liu Jiamin , Pan Xiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the coming of the 5G era, it has become a crucial international trend to conserve ancient villages and the sustainability by utilizing multiple digital technologies. The recognition of landscape and culture is a momentous step in the sustainable conservation of ancient villages’ study, as well as the extended application and management approach of data should be considered seriously. In the pages that follow, it tries to provide a conservation method systematically in which emphasizes the integration utilization of digital technologies by taking the Taoping Qiang Stockade Village in Sichuan as a case study. Moreover, this article proposes that the conservation should be carried out at three steps: landscape recognition, establish the data chain and cultural inheritance and dissemination. In general, this essay seeks to explore the utilization of digital technologies and provide a systematic perspective and methodology for the sustainable conservation of ancient villages.
Overview of Research on Monitoring of Marine Oil Spill
Authors: Li Kai , Ouyang Jieming , Yu Hongliang , Xu Yiqun , Xu Jin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Marine oil spill monitoring technology has become a hot topic of marine environmental protection. This article introduced the principles and characteristics of marine oil spill monitoring sensors, analysised the implementation methods of marine oil spill monitoring. Through the comparison of the application situation, the problems in the oil spill monitoring are drawn, finally the development of the offshore oil spill monitoring research is prospected.
Research on Natural Disaster Early Warning System Based on UAV Technology
Authors: Wu Bei , Fu Ruyu , Chen Jundao , Zhu Junhui , Gao Rongfang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and low-altitude remote sensing technology can provide a new technical way for remote sensing monitoring tasks in large-scale and dangerous areas. Through the monomer and visual information query of BIM model, they are organically integrated into the disaster occurrence traceability system, forming a “1+4+N” (a disaster system early warning center, four basic platforms for video surveillance, data service, information sharing and intelligent planning, and the application of multiple scene topics) structure system in disaster system construction. That is, to carry out intelligent, information-based and systematic disaster scenario simulation, prediction analysis and rescue measures, so as to achieve the visual goals of comprehensive control of information, rapid rescue response and ensuring personal safety, and form an integrated natural disaster early warning system.
Research on the Rational Proportion of Housing Window in Shanghai Based on Ventilation Comfort
Authors: Wang Yueqiang , Luo Yulong , Zhou Jian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Taking the natural ventilation process of residential buildings in Shanghai in summer as research samples, this paper aims to obtain a reasonable range of window ratio by comparing the different scenario simulations by using Thsware VENT software. The research method was to simulate ventilation process of a room with rectangular windows in the same position in order to obtain the parameters of indoor wind environment under 12 window ratios circumstances. Through quantitative comparative analysis, the results showed that the ventilation parameters change regularly with the increase of the aspect ratio of windows. Moreover, the indoor natural ventilation comfort is best when the aspect ratio equals 2.0-2.76.
Study on the Composite Structure Type of Concrete Wall - Rockfill Dam
Authors: Zhou Heng , Lu Xi , Jing Liu , Di Shengjie , Huang Peng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the proposed new structure type of “concrete wall - rockfill dam combination structure”, through the comparison of the downstream slope ratio of concrete wall, contact mode with rockfill body, contact mode with bedrock, wall height and other parameters, and the comparison with conventional rockfill dam structure, this paper provides a reference for the selection of the combined structure type. This new type can greatly improve the stress state of the panel rockfill dam, and effectively enhance the maintainability of the panel rockfill dam, partially solve the current problems of the panel rockfill dam, and can be popularized and applied.
Alignment Design of Underground Road: A Simulator Study
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhao Qian , Peng Weiyuan , Di Shengde , Sun Chuanjiao , Guo Da 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to study the linear combination design method of underground roads, a road model with 16 test sections was designed for 8 common horizontal and vertical line combinations, and two test environments, up and under ground, were built. Fifteen participants participated in the driving simulation experiment. Driving behaviors between different lanes of roads on-ground and underground roads of each test section, each section with up or down slopes and with left or right turns were compared and analyzed. Then the applicability of different horizontal and vertical line combination in underground road design was evaluated.
Study on the position of load box for pile foundation of Qilu Yellow River Approach Bridge
Authors: Dong Pingsheng , Wang Xiang , Wang Hu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In theory, the balance point position of O-cell pile test is determined and unique, and the load box should be located at this point. But in practical projects, it is difficult to determine the balance point position accurately. The pile foundation of Qilu Yellow River Approach Bridge bears a large load. In order to reduce the risk caused by the position of load box in O-cell pile test, the double load box technology is adopted in this pile test project. According to the pile design, the soil properties and the loading sequence, the bearing capacity of the pile foundation before and after grouting is estimated. The pile test results show that the project is a successful example for the double load box technology.
Experimental study of three-dimensional photogrammetry technique in the observation of qiantang tidal bore’s height
Authors: Huang Xiaoya , Zheng Jian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the three-dimensional photogrammetry is introduced in the tidal bore height observation of Yanguan station for the thread-shape bore near the Qiantang River estuary. The three-dimensional scene of the tidal bore is restored by remote control and post-solution. The measurement of tidal bore’s height in three-dimensional environment is realized, and the auxiliary measurement of tidal bore’s upper bound, the foot line, the tidal curve and other vector data are extracted. The accuracy of the measurement is compared with the result of the tidal bore height measured by the Water gauge observations on the same station. The results show that not only the tidal bore’s shape can be captured but also the tidal bore’s height can be quantitatively calculated by three-dimensional photogrammetry. The three-dimensional photogrammetry can be used to quantitatively observe the tidal bore’s height in Qiantang River Estuary and the measurement accuracy is reliable.
Study on Mix Proportion Design and Compressive Strength of Environment-Friendly Three-Admixture Concrete
Authors: Tuo Zijie , Jin Zhengchao , Song Yuhao , Li Chao , Fang Guangxiu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the environment-friendly three-admixture concrete was prepared by using straw powder (rice husk powder) to replace cement by 6% and 8%, silicon powder by 10% and fly ash by 20%, respectively, and the effects of straw powder (rice husk powder), silicon powder and fly ash on the compressive strength of concrete were studied. Through the comparative analysis of the compressive strength of 9 groups three-mixed concrete blocks, the compressive strength of concrete reached the highest when the content of straw powder (rice husk powder) was 6%. On the basis of the current mix design formula of ordinary concrete, the strength formula of environment-friendly three-mixed concrete with correction coefficient was given, and the optimum substitution amount of straw powder (rice husk powder) was put forward.
Discussion for transitional material’s compaction construction technique of faced rockfill dam of one hydro-junction project
Authors: Tan Fengyi , Hu Lin , Tang Desheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The transitional material zone was between the cushion material zone and the sandy gravel zone in the Faced Rockfill Dam of one Hydro-junction Project, which was from the C3 material yard with the diameter of less than 150.00 mm. By the in situ compaction tests of transitional material, its construction technique and parameters were obtained. Study showed that: its relative density was satisfied with the designed requirement (no less than 0.90) when it was compacted 8 times by the 26.0t self-propelled vibration roller at the speed of 2.0km/h on the conditions including the 20.0cm layout layer and the 5.0% water sprinkled content. Then there were series of compaction tests under the low temperature in winter. The study results was guided for the compaction construction of transitional material in the dam and was as the reference as the similar engineering.
Model test on bearing capacity characteristics of energy piles in saturated clay
Authors: Zhu W L , Chang H , Zhao S Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Based on model tests, the load transfer mechanism of energy piles in saturated clay was studied, and the variation rules of pile and soil temperature, pile tip displacement, pile tip resistance, pile stress and lateral friction resistance were analyzed. The results show that the pile temperature decreases from top to bottom while the soil temperature decreases from the pile center to the radial direction. Under zero load, the pile expands by heat, and the pile top has a large upward displacement. Thermal consolidation of soil, settlement of soil surface and negative lateral friction occur under the alternating action of cooling and heating loads. Under working load, after applying cooling and heating load, the pile will produce unrecoverable accumulative settlement.