bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HnRNP G Reduces Neuron Death in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Preventing Abnormal TDP-43 Accumulation
Authors: Yang Fang , Chen Wenzhi , Zhu Yu , He Pei , Jiang Shishi , Xu Renshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Heterologous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) G protein was found to significantly down-regulate in the spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse model in our previous study, but the down-regulated effects of hnRNP G in ALS haven’t been known up to now. Therefore, we further studied the possible effects of hnRNP G on the spinal neuron death in TG(SOD1*G93A)1Gur (TG) mice. Methods: Eighteen TG mice and eighteen SOD1 wild-type (WT) mice were divided into 6 groups. The hnRNP G of spinal cord were analyzed using immunofluorescent histochemistry and Western blot. Three hnRNP G-siRNA were transfected into PC12 cells and observed the alteration of proliferation rate and intracellular proteins after gene silenced using the CCK8 and Western blot. Results: Here, we reported that the distribution of hnRNP G positive cells in the posterior horn was more than that in the central canal and its surrounding gray matter more than that in the anterior horn. hnRNP G protein expressed in neurons. hnRNP G expression in the cervical and thoracic segments of TG mice in pre-onset group was significantly higher than that in control group. hnRNP G expression in the thoracic and lumbar segments of TG mice in onset group was lower than that in control group. hnRNP G expression in the cervical and thoracic segments of TG mice in progressive group decreased, while that in the lumbar segment of TG mice in progression group significantly increased. After hnRNP G-siRNA silenced, the proliferation rate of PC12 cells was slower than that in control group, SOD1 expression didn’t significantly change, both TDP-43 and Bax expression significantly increased in PC12 cells after hnRNP G gene silenced. Conclusions: Our study revealed that the distribution of hnRNP G in the spinal cord of ALS mice showed the possible protective effect on the progression of ALS, its mechanism maybe prevent neuron death through reducing abnormal TDP-43 accumulation in the spinal cord of ALS-like mice.
In Vitro Neuroprotective Activities of Natural Products Isolated from Senecio Graciliflorus DC against Corticosterone Induced Impairment in SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Jameel Salman , kaur Loveleena , Bhat Showkat Ahmad , Malik Fayaz A , BHAT KHURSHEED Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Senecio graciliflorus DC root extract was studied for secondary metabolite composition following bioactivity guided isolation technique. The ethyl acetate extract of Senecio graciliflorus root yielded nine chemical constituents: 3,4-di-tert-butyl toluene, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, 2β-(angeloyloxy)furanoeremophilane, gallic acid, 2β-{[(Z)-2-hydroxymethylbut-2-enoyl]oxy}furanoeremophilane,1-Hydroxypentan-2-yl-4-methylbenzoate, sarcinnic acid, and sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The structures of the chemical constituents were elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis in the light of literature. All the compounds are being reported for the first time from this plant. The isolated constituents were screened for in-vitro neuroprotective effects against corticostereone induced impairment. Among various isolated compounds, three natural products (sarcinnic acid, gallic acid and β-sitosterol) displayed robust neurotropic activity. These three compounds increased neuronal cell survival in differentiated neuroblastoma cells from high dose corticosterone (400µM) induced cell death. The studies are aimed to explore small molecules for treating neurodegeneration underlying various neurological disorders to restore neuronal cell plasticity.
Responses of the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Alfalfa Roots with Different Root Collar Diameters to Low Temperatures Under Simulated Winter Irrigation
Authors: Zhu Aimin , Zhang Qingxin , Du Xiaoyan , Wang Xianguo , Zhang Yuxia , Cong Baiming , Tian Yonglei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Due to the frequent occurrence of extremely low temperatures in northern China, the problem of alfalfa mortality during overwintering requires urgent solutions to support the development of large-scale alfalfa production in the region. Understanding the effects of winter irrigation and the alfalfa root collar diameter on physiological and biochemical cold resistance mechanisms in alfalfa will be of great significance to finding such solutions.Methods: In this study, alfalfa roots with different root collar diameters (3.50±0.10 mm, 5.25±0.10 mm, 7.00±0.10 mm) were subjected to simulated winter irrigation (0 ml, 20 ml, 40 ml) and different low-temperature stress treatments (4°C, -10°C, -15°C, -20°C) in the laboratory. The relationships between alfalfa root collar activity, relative conductivity and the nonstructural carbon and nitrogen contents and antioxidant enzyme activity in the collar were explored.Results: Low-temperature stress was the most important factor causing significant changes in the physiological and biochemical indexes of the alfalfa root collar, followed by the root collar diameter. Low-temperature stress and the root collar diameter had significant effects on nonstructural carbon and nitrogen levels and enzyme activity (except POD activity) in alfalfa root collars, and winter irrigation had extremely significant effects on the nonstructural nitrogen contents of alfalfa root collars. The larger the diameter of the root collar was, the higher the soluble protein content and the stronger the SOD activity. Simulated winter irrigation increased the C/N ratio in the alfalfa root collars. The increases in nonstructural carbon content, C/N ratio and SOD activity in alfalfa root collars helped improve alfalfa cold resistance.Conclusions: Alfalfa resists low-temperature stress by adjusting the proportions of nonstructural carbon and nitrogen as well as the SOD activity in the root collar. Therefore, fertilization, early sowing and other management measures should be adopted to ensure healthy alfalfa growth and thereby increase the root collar diameter of alfalfa grown in cold regions in northern China. Moreover, timely supplementary irrigation to reach soil saturation in winter can play an important role in improving cold resistance in alfalfa.
Complications, Reasons for Reoperation, and 5-Year Prosthesis Survival Compared Between the Cemented and Cementless Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Fixation Techniques at Thailand’s Largest National Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Paugchawee Jirayu , Pornrattanamaneewong Chaturong , Ruangsomboon Pakpoom , Narkbunnam Rapeepat , Chareancholvanich Keerati 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (OUKA) yields favorable outcomes in patients with medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis; however, it remains unknown whether cemented or cementless OUKA fixation delivers better outcomes in Asian population. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the complications, reasons for reoperation, and 5-year prosthesis survival compared between cemented and cementless OUKA in Thai patients.Methods: A total of 466 cemented and 36 cementless OUKA that were performed during 2011-2015 with a minimum follow-up of five years were included. With reoperation for any reason as the endpoint, Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare 5-year implant survival between groups. Complications, reasons for reoperation, and 90-day morbidity and mortality were compared between groups. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent predictors of implant survival.Results: There was no significant difference in 5-year implant survival between the cemented and cementless groups (96.4% vs. 94.4%, p=0.375). The mean implant survival time was 113.0±0.8 and 70.8±1.9 months in the cemented and cementless groups, respectively (p=0.383). The most common reason for reoperation was bearing dislocation, and only one patient had 90-day morbidity. There was no significant difference between groups for complications or reasons for reoperation. No independent predictors of implant survival were identified in multivariate analysis.Conclusions: OUKA was shown to be a safe and durable reconstructive procedure in Thai patients with medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis. There was no significant difference in implant survival between the cemented and cementless groups during the 5-year follow-up, and no independent predictors of implant survival were identified. Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry, TCTR20200427004. Registered 27 April 2020 – Retrospectively registered.
Persistent Freshening of the Arctic Ocean and Changes in the North Atlantic Salinity Caused by Arctic Sea Ice Decline
Authors: Li Hui , Fedorov Alexey 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Arctic sea ice has been declining over past several decades with the largest ice loss occurring in summer. This implies a strengthening of the sea ice seasonal cycle. Here, we examine global ocean salinity response to such changes of Arctic sea ice using simulations wherein we impose a radiative heat imbalance at the sea ice surface, inducing a sea ice decline comparable to the observed. The imposed perturbation leads to enhanced seasonal melting and a rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice within the first 5-10 years. We then observe a gradual freshening of the upper Arctic ocean that continues for about a century. The freshening is most pronounced within the central Arctic, including the Beaufort gyre, and is attributed to excess surface freshwater associated with the stronger seasonal sea ice melting, as well as a greater upper-ocean freshwater storage due to changes in ocean circulation. The freshening of the Nordic Seas can also occur via a distillation-like process in which denser saline waters with increased salinity are exported to the subtropical/tropical North Atlantic by meridional overturning circulation. Thus, enhanced seasonal sea ice melting in a warmer climate can lead to a persistent Arctic freshening with large impacts on the global salinity distribution.
Functional Annotation of Transcripts Obtained from Fall-Grown Tall Fescue as Influenced by Endophyte Infection
Authors: Islam Md. Shofiqul , Krom Nick , Kwon Taegun , Li Guifen , Saha Malay 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tall fescue is one of the primary source of forage for livestock. It grows well in the marginal soils of the temperate zones. It hosts a fungal endophyte (Epichloë coenophiala), which helps the plants to tolerate abiotic and biotic stresses. The genetics and biology underlying mechanism of freezing stress tolerance of tall fescue is still unknown, due to its complex genetic background and outbreeding modes of pollination, limited genomic, and transcriptomic resources. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in two tissues between novel endophyte-positive (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) tall fescue genotypes at three diurnal time points; in the morning (-3.0 to 0.5°C), afternoon (11 to 12°C), and evening (12 − 10°C) in the field environment, by exploring the transcriptional landscape via RNA sequencing. For the first time, we generated 226,054 and 224,376 transcripts from E + and E- Texoma MaxQ II tall fescue, respectively by de novo assembly. The upregulated transcripts were detected fewer than the downregulated ones in both tissues (S: 803 up and 878 down; L: 783 up and 846 down) under the freezing temperatures in the morning. By Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, 10 GO terms were found only under the freezing stress in the morning. Metabolic pathway and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites genes showed lowest number of DEGs under morning freezing stress and highest number in evening cold condition by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis. The DEGs expressed under morning stress condition and the nine candidate genes that we identified using GO analysis, might be the possible route underlying cold tolerance in tall fescue.
Klebsiella Pneumoniae-related Brain Abscess and Meningitis in Adults: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhao Jingru , Huo Tiantian , Luo Xintong , Li Litao , Yang Baoming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite the progress of modern neurosurgical techniques, new antibiotics and modern imaging techniques, brain abscess is still a potentially fatal infection. Streptococci have always been the common organisms resulting in brain abscess. Nevertheless, Klebsiella species, once thought to be a less common cause of brain abscess in adults, have become an increasingly important cause of brain abscess, especially in Asia. Case presentation: A 64-year-old woman felt sudden onset severe continuous headache, accompanied by intermittent nausea, vomiting and fever. Meanwhile, she felt tinnitus and had a feeling of swelling in the right ear. Electroencephalogram (EEG) examination showed mild abnormality. A neurological examination revealed obvious nuchal rigidity with four transverse fingers under the chin. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed abnormal hyperintensities signals in the left head of caudate nucleus. The cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) common results indicated bacterial infection The next generation sequencing (NGS) of CSF showed the infection of K pneumoniae. The patient was diagnosed with Klebsiella pneumoniae-related brain abscess and meningitis. After positive antimicrobial treatment for nearly two months. The patient got a good recovery.Conclusion: K pneumoniae is once thought to be a less common cause of brain abscess in adults and mainly hospital-acquired. Community-acquired CNS infection (brain abscess and meningitis) caused by K pneumoniae without other metastatic septic abscesses is exceedingly rare. Therefore, we present a rare adult patient with invasive cerebral abscess and meningitis without other invasive abscesses related to K pneumoniae.
Comparative Transcriptomics And eQTL Mapping Of Response To Melampsora Americana In Selected Salix Purpurea F2 Progeny
Authors: Wilkerson Dustin G. , Crowell Chase R. , Carlson Craig H. , McMullen Patrick W. , Smart Christine D. , Smart Lawrence B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Melampsora spp. rusts are the greatest pathogen threat to shrub willow (Salix spp.) bioenergy crops. Genetic resistance is key to limit the effects of these foliar diseases on host response and biomass yield, however, the genetic basis of host resistance has not been characterized. The addition of new genomic resources for Salix provides greater power to investigate the interaction between S. purpurea and M. americana, species commonly found in the Northeast US. Here, we utilize 3' RNA-seq to investigate host-pathogen interactions following controlled inoculations of M. americana on resistant and susceptible F2 S. purpurea genotypes identified in a recent QTL mapping study. Differential gene expression, network analysis, and eQTL mapping was used to contrast the response to inoculation and to identify associated candidate genes.Results: Controlled inoculation in a replicated greenhouse study identified 19 and 105 differentially expressed genes between resistant and susceptible genotypes at 42 and 66 HPI, respectively. Defense response gene networks were activated in both resistant and susceptible genotypes and enriched for many of the same defense response genes, yet the hub genes of these common response modules showed greater mean expression among the resistant plants. Further, eight and six eQTL hotspots were identified at 42 and 66 HPI, respectively. The combined results of the three analyses highlight 124 candidate genes in the host for further analysis while analysis of pathogen RNA showed differential expression of 22 genes, two of which are candidate pathogen effectors. Conclusions: We identified two differentially expressed M. americana transcripts and 124 S. purpurea genes that are good candidates for future studies to confirm their role in conferring resistance.
Relationing of Labellum and Glossae Biomorphological Characteristics of Honeybee Workers as Breeding Tool on Honey Collection Potential of Apis Mellifera L. Honeybee Colonies
Authors: Iqbal Aneela , Rafique Muhammad Khalid , Mahmood Rashid , Noreen Mamoona , Sarwar Ghulam , Ahmad Ishaq , Shahzad Anjum , Shah Muhammad Jahangir , Ahmed Agha Mushtaque , Lashari Muhammad Akbar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study focused on the correlation of honey collection Potential and the length and width of labellum and glossae in worker honey bees (Apis mellifera Ligustica). Sixty honeybee A. mellifera L. colonies were selected, among these 60 colonies, 3 worker bees were sampled from each colony total numbers of samples collected were 180 adult worker foraging bees. Fifteen colonies for each group were used to check the correlation of honey production with length of labellum, width of labellum, length of glossae and the width of glossae respectively. These worker bees were bought to the laboratory frozen, boiled, dissected and mounted on the slides. Measurements of the labellum length, labellum width, glossae length and glossae width were taken by the stereomicroscope with ocular micrometer at 0.8X magnification. Correlation values for the honey collectionand length and width of labellum and glossae were high and positive. These Results support the perception that worker bees with larger labellum and glossae have more ability for honey collection potential. It is concluded that Biomorphological characters of labellum and glossae are significantly correlated with the honey collection potential in A. mellifera L.
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex III in Candida Albicans ADH1 Deletion Mutant Attenuates Its Pathogenicity Significantly
Authors: Guo Hui , Zhang Yi Shan , Song Yan Jun , Zhao Ya Jing , Li Shui Xiu , Li Dong Mei , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fermentation and aerobic respiration in mitochondria are coordinately regulated and compensated either when C. albicans grows in vitro or in the hosts, and the creature gain the strong viability. It’s insufficient to influent the growth, reproduction and pathogenicity of C. albicans by inhibiting the electron transport chain (ECT) CI, CII, CIII, CV, or fermentation related gene ADH1. Our study showed that the induction of AA (inhibitor of complex III) rather than SHAM (alternative oxidase inhibitor) abolishes the mitochondrial function completely （96% less ATP generation, 59% reduction in MMP), and increases ROS production significantly in ADH1-deleted mutant ( adh1Δ/ adh1Δ ) that in turn becomes hypersensitive to azole and apoptosis, less viable and more difficult to form hyphae. At the same time, the expression of virulence related genes ALS3 and HWP1 were significantly lower than that of WT under AA induction. Under the induction of AA, the mitochondrial function of WT was slightly damaged and cell apoptosis increased slightly，ROS production and sensitivity of azoles increased significantly, but mycelium formation and the growth of cells were not affected. Under aerobic growth, we observed an ADH1 - dependent mitochondrial effect in C. albicans demonstrated by 64% less ATP generation, 58% reduction in MMP and significant elevations of the ROS and apoptosis in ADH1 -deleted mutant. However, mycelium formation and azole susceptibility are not affected.
Our results suggested that ADH1 plus CIII played an important role in antifungal activity by damaging mitochondrial function, inhibiting cell growth and hyphae formation, promoting apoptosis and reducing pathogenicity.
Prevalent Practices of Solid Waste Management in the Girls Hostels
Authors: Kapri Ekta , Mehta Manju , Gandhi Sudesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Waste is generated on daily basis through different activities of human beings, which leads to pollution of the environment, which may have serious implications on the health of the individual. Waste generation is also a big problem in schools and universities. To keep that problem in mind study has been conducted on the campus of CCSHAU, Hisar; with the objective to study the type and volume of waste generated in the girl’s hostels. The study estimated the daily waste generation from girl’s hostels and found waste generation rate was high but the waste collection rate was very low because of the improper ratio between the total number of students and sanitary worker. The waste management system in the university girl’s hostels requires not only an estimation of the solid waste but also an understanding of the students’ habits and behaviour towards managing solid waste.
Clinical Characteristics of Community-acquired Pneumonia due to Infection with Trichosporon asahii
Authors: Zhang Cen , Li Dongsheng , Qiao Man 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients with infected Trichosporon asahii in urinary tract .Methods: Patients diagnosed with Trichosporon asahii isolated from the patients with urinary tract infection between January 2015 and November 2019, were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Clinical data were collected for each patient, including age, gender, co-morbid diseases,relevant tests,antimicrobial susceptibility test and impact on patient’s antifungal drugs , etc.Results: Ten patients (9 males and 1 female; range of age: 63–91, and average age of 80.1) were enrolled into this study. Of the ten patients, ten patient had old cerebral infarction, ten patient had coronary heart disease, five patient had hypertension, three patient had diabetes, three patient had gastrointestinal bleeding, one patient had lung cancer.Of the ten enrolled patients, all patients were suffering from cough and sputum, and five patients were presented with fever. However, there were no urinary tract symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency and pain. No complications occurred. Furthermore, all patients had increased C-reactive protein (CRP), only three patients had increased white blood cell (WBC). At the same time, nine had decreased albumin (ALB),seven had percentage of eosinophils(EO%),and five had helper T lymphocytes(CD4). All patients were treated with anti-infection,and expectorant.Among antifungal drugs, amphotericin and voriconazole have higher sensitive rate.Finally, five patients were discharged with a better health condition, two patients were automatically discharged, and three patients were died.The average follow-up for patients was 3 months.,three patients were died.Conclusions: The results suggested that the mortality rate of Trichosporon asahii pneumonia is very high, therefore, patients with infected Trichosporon asahii should be more actively treated by antifungal drug such as voriconazole.