bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat transfer of a heat pipe using titanium dioxide as working fluid
Authors: Somasri S , Meena P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research aims to study the heat transfer of a heat pipe using nanofluid as a working fluid by using a closed loop oscillating heat pipe with check valve (CLOHP/CV). The nanoparticles used this study are deionized water and TiO2 as a working fluid. The experiment the operating temperature was adjusted in the range of 60, 70 and 80 degrees Celsius and the inclination angle of the heat pipe in the range of 0 and 45 degrees. It was found that when using TiO2 as a working fluid, at inclination angle of 45 degrees, an operating temperature of 80 degrees Celsius, the highest heat transfer was 297.76 W, the highest heat flux was 2887.09 W/m2 the highest heat transfer coefficient was 1547. 53 W/m2 °C and the highest thermal efficiency was 0. 17. When using TiO2 as a working fluid, at inclination angle of 45 degrees, at operating temperature of 80 degrees Celsius the lowest heat resistance was 0. 26 C/W. In addition, we found that CLOHP/CV using TiO2, resulted in higher heat transfer ( 82. 23% ) than when using deionized water and lower heat resistance than using deionized water 92.85%.
Simulation of hypertriton productions in Pb-Pb collisions at ALICE energies using PACIAE model
Authors: Somparn Natthapon , Sombun Sukanya , Limphirat Ayut , Kobdaj Chinorat , Yan Yupeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, the parton and hadron cascade model (PACIAE) and the dynamically constrained phase space coalescence model (DCPC) are used to investigate the production of hypertriton and antihypertriton in Pb-Pb collisions at

s

N
N

=
0.9

, 2.76, 5.02 and 7 TeV. The model parameters are fixed by comparing the PACIAE result with ALICE data on Λ and p productions in Pb-Pb collisions at

s

N
N

=
2.76

TeV. Then, the predetermined parameters are used in PACIAE and DCPC models to simulate the hypertriton production in Pb-Pb collisions at

s

N
N

=
2.76

TeV. The hypertriton and antihypertriton yields in Pb-Pb collisions at

s

N
N

=
0.9

, 5.02 and 7 TeV are predicted in this work.
Internal resistance measurements of Li-ion batteries using AC methods
Authors: Kuntinugunetanon S , Meesiri W , Wongkokua W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The internal resistance of Li-ion cells is a quantity for determining the performance such as energy efficiency and state of health (SoH). To combine Li-ion cells as a battery for the solar cell industry as well as electric vehicle (EV), the internal resistance of each cell needs to be consistent otherwise the lifetime will be shortened. However, the internal resistance of Li-Ion cells depends on variables such as operating temperature and state of charge (SoC). In this work, we carried out the internal resistance measurements of individual Li-ion cells based on AC methods. According to an equivalent circuit of Li-ion battery, the measurement frequency was varied to study the effects of influence quantities such as the battery’s capacitance and inductance. Two AC methods were compared and discussed for the internal resistance values of Li-ion cells.
The signal calibration from a Sagnac polarized standing wave interferometer for displacement measurement
Authors: Nuntakulkaisak T , Infahsaeng Y , Bavontaweepanya R , Pongophas E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A Sagnac polarized standing wave interferometer (SPSWI) is extensively developed. It exploits two polarized standing wave signals formed in two orthogonal planes of oscillation to measure the displacement. However, two equal amplitude signals, which are complicated control, are sensitively required for displacement data analysis. Thus, the simple calibration process is necessary to accomplish this situation. In this paper, we present a methodology for calibrating signals from SPSWI by using Python programming to remove the constant signals, normalize oscillating signals and eliminate non-orthogonal error based on technique proposed by Fan. The relative displacement is derived from these calibrated signals.
The effect of non-uniform magnetic field on the energy spread of a low energy electron beam
Authors: Suksawat Nattawut , Wongrach Kunaree , Pinchaipat Rattachai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work aimed to enhance a resolution of the electron diffraction pattern by improving the longitudinal and lateral coherence of electron beam. Using a uniform magnetic field and slits is a cheap and straightforward method. However, such magnet requires a larger space. Smaller solenoids which create a non-uniform magnetic field are more applicable, especially when space was limited. bTherefore, the effect of a non-uniform magnetic field on the energy spread of the electron beam was investigated numerically and experimentally. The simulation results agreed well (within 10%) with the measurements. It has been found that the ferrite core solenoids together with a narrow slit can be used to improve the beam coherence. However, beam shape observed form the real measurement significantly deviates form the simulation result. In addition the non-uniform magnetic field, the beam trajectory was affected by the electric field form electron gun which causes the change of beam shape and spatial distribution.
Application of multi-wavelength light source to micro welding inspection
Authors: Ketthong K , Markchum J , Namjan T , Chomkokard S , Jinuntuya N , Wongkokua W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We have developed a multi-wavelength light source and apply it to micro welding inspection. We project light rays from multiple white light super bright LEDs on a reflection grating. These LEDS are mounted on the specific position to give the diffracted ray with the wavelength range from 480 to 680 nm. The diffracted ray is pass to an optical fibre. The orientation of fibre tube is fixed so diffracted light from each LED will give a specific wavelength. The bandwidths of lights from all LEDS are quite narrow (< 50 nm), which is possible to be used as a light source for multi-wavelength imaging. The diffracted light is transported via optical fibre to a microscope used to inspect the micro welding points on a microelectronics circuit. Due to its very small size, the welding defects are hard to detected, even with high intensity white light. We find that, for typical welding points, the light with wavelength 500 to 600 nm can significantly enhance the contrast of welding image. This agree well with our preliminary result that, with our RGB light source, the maximum contrast can be obtained with the green - yellow to orange - red light. We expect our results to be useful to the inspection of micro welding, especially when integrated to some automation, e.g. machine vision system.
Stress analysis of 48 kg LPG cylinder
Authors: Sitthipong S , Boonpachr P , Lohwirakorn S , Choyrum S , Techawathakun S , Towatana P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective of this research was to analyze the stress of a 48 kg LPG cylinder designed under Thai Industrial Standard TIS 27-254. The design was employed by using test pressure of 3.3 MPa and the tank wall thickness of 2.65 mm which provided the maximum tensile strength of 429.3 MPa, yield strength of 286.2 MPa and burst pressure of 5.99 MPa. The material used to produce the gas cylinder was SG295 grade steel with a yield strength of 300 MPa and a maximum tensile strength of 440 MPa, which covered the design requirements. The research results were found that at the 85 percent of cylinder volume, gas density of 0.54 kg / l, liquid height of 0.9367 m and gauge pressure of 0.073 psi gave circumferential and longitudinal stresses of 0.0357 MPa and 0.0178 MPa, respectively. According to analysis results of finite element method revealed that the stress concentration area was the circumference at the center position of the tank with the highest value at the welding joint.
Mathematical model of DBH uncertainty from the shape of the wood cross-section
Authors: Wongsripan P , Arunthong T , Chomkokard S , Jinuntuya N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate the uncertainty of Diameter at Breast Height, or DBH, of woods via a simple mathematical model. Usually, the DBH is not measured directly. The measurement is done on the Girth at Breast Height (GBH), which, by definition, is the circumference of wood at 130 cm above the ground. The DBH can then be calculated, assuming that the wood cross-section is a circle. This can introduce uncertainty to the DBH due to the irregularity of the shape of the wood cross-section. In this work, we approximate the wood cross-section by an ellipse, which can be fitted to the cross-section better than the circle. However, the eccentricity of the fitted ellipse is unknown, so we treat it as a random variable. The discrepancy between the diameter of the circle with the same area as the fitted ellipse, and the diameter of the circle with the same circumference as the GBH, is calculated. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to obtain the uncertainty of the DBH.
Program setup and parameter dependences of GUPIXWIN-calculated trace element concentration measured by PIXE analysis
Authors: Wongke S , Yu L D , Tippawan U 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In our practice of applying GUPIXWIN software in calculations of the trace element concentrations in biosamples measured by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique, we found that the calculated concentration data critically depended on the program setup and experimental parameters input to the software. Dependences on some important setups and parameters such as the solution types (i.e. Trace element solution in a known matrix and Iterative matrix element solution), matrix composition, detector parameters (e.g. window thickness), sample structure, normalization, etc., which are sometimes easily not paid with intensive attention by users, are analyzed and discussed utilizing our PIXE spectra of some biosamples. We found that most parameters or program setups were critical to affect the calculated results, but some such as normalization was not. We also found that if only relative trace element concentrations instead of their absolute values are concerned, different program setup solutions resulted in similar data. We conclude that meticulous care must be taken in selection of the experimental parameters and setup conditions in using GUPIXWIN to make correct calculations of the trace element concentrations in biological or organic samples.
Preparation of low-temperature phase MnBi by sintering in vacuum
Authors: Ngamsomrit Satienrapong , Saisopa Thanit , Borsup Jongrak , Tun Myat Su , Myint Hsu Thazin , Nakajima Hideki , Songsiriritthigul Chomphunuch , Pinitsoontorn Supree , Songsiriritthigul Prayoon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A simple vacuum sintering system was set up to prepare low-temperature phase manganese-bismuth compound (LTP-MnBi). A mixture of Mn and Bi powders with 1:1 atomic ratio was sintered at 275 °C for 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours. The morphology of the sintered materials was investigated by SEM. The sintered product was further identified by XRD and energy dispersive spectroscopy and found to be LTP-MnBi, Mn and Bi. Sintering in vacuum could prevent the formation of manganese oxides. The magnetic properties of the sintered materials were characterized by using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The coercivity and the saturated magnetization were found to be 2.5 kOe and 42.4 emu/g, respectively. The maximum energy product of this magnetic materials was about 1.7 MGOe.
The efficiency of mangosteen peel for dye removal
Authors: Phawachalotorn C , Suwanpayak N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mangosteen peel, an agricultural waste to be used as an adsorbent, was prepared by a simple and eco-friendly method. The dried mangosteen peel (DMP) was initially studied its surface charge by using the pH drift method. The adsorption experiments were performed using the batch technique to explore the efficiency of methylene blue (MB) removal. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to characterise the DMP before and after the adsorption process. The results revealed that MB could be adsorbed onto the DMP surface via the electrostatic interaction between the cationic dyes and surface functional groups of the DMP. To explore the MB adsorption efficiency of DMP adsorbent, the factors of the initial pH of MB solution, particle sizes of the DMP, DMP dosage, and contact time were investigated by using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. It was found that the percentage of MB removal was 99.7% by using 5 g/L of DMP at particle sizes of lower than 75 μm within ten minutes under the initial pH condition of MB solution. Moreover, the experimental equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model with R
2 = 0.9869.
Sound absorption properties of rigid polyurethane foam composites with rubber-wood sawdust as a natural filler
Authors: Chanlert P , Ruamcharoen P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rigid closed-cell polyurethane (PU) foam is well-known for its ability to withstand external force. On the other hand, due to the closed-cell nature, its ability to absorb sound is doubtful since hollowed materials are supposed be better in sound absorption. However, the composites fabrication with non-reactive fillers was thought to improve sound absorption ability since it might prohibit the formation of closed cell in the process. In this research, rigid polyurethane foam was prepared from polyether polyol and polymeric methylene di-isocyanate (p-MDI) formulated with water as a blowing agent. Natural rubber-wood sawdust was used as a filler. The percentages of rubber-wood sawdust in the polyurethane foam composites were varied by 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7%. The measurement of sound absorption coefficient has been done using impedance tube technique. The results showed that the rigid closed-cell polyurethane foam with 0% filler exhibits poor acoustic absorption. Additionally, sound absorption coefficient results showed that a sample with higher amount of rubber-wood sawdust allowed the sound wave to be absorbed at wider frequency range. This could be explained that the rubber-wood sawdust filler played an important role in sound absorption property.
Synthesis of Pb-doped CdS quantum dot using SILAR method on mesoporous TiO2 layer
Authors: Sudswasd Yosita , Liu Feng , Toyoda Taro , Shen Qing , Yindeesuk Witoon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research focuses on the fabrication of CdS quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). CdS quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated on a mesoporous TiO2 electrode using a successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method and Pb doping concentrations (0, 2, 4, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 %mol) were varied. The change in optical properties of CdS QDs was found to be affected by Pb doping. The Pb-doped CdS QDSCs were determined under the illumination of 100 mWcm−2, which indicated the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 1.73% at 20% Pb dopant.
Enhanced beta-phase formation and dielectric properties of P(VDF-HFP) nanofibers composites filled with polyaniline
Authors: Tohluebaji N , Nawae S , Putson C , Muensit N , Yuennan J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, the polyaniline (PANI) with different contents was blended in Poly (vinylidenefluoridene-hexafluoropropylene) [P(VDF-HFP)]. The composite P(VDF-HFP)/PANI nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique conducted with flow rate of 0.5 ml/h and electrical voltage at 17 kV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle (WCA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dielectric property of all P(VDF-HFP) fibers were studied. The SEM image shows that some beads appeared in the pristine P(VDF-HFP) nanofibers. After adding with PANI, the uniform fiber without any bead formation is achieved, which the average fiber diameter is ranged from 100 to 300 nm determined by ImageJ processing program. However, the WCA of the composite nanofibers is reduced with increase of PANI concentrations. The incorporation of PANI filler can improve the β-phase content and dielectric constant with low loss tangent. This work provides a potential strategy for the fabrication of high-performance P(VDF-HFP) nanofibers.
Preparation of superhydrophobic surface on P(VDF-HFP) fibers by electrospinning technique
Authors: Yuennan J , Nawae S , Tohluebaji N , Putson C , Muensit N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, a superhydrophobic surface of poly (vinylidenefluoridene-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) fibers was fabricated by means of electrospinning technique. The effects of flow rate on the morphology and hydrophobicity of P(VDF-HFP) nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water contact angle (WCA), respectively. The results exhibit a uniform P(VDF-HFP) fiber mat at the lowest flow rate. However, the presence of bead-on-string the fibers was exhibited at higher flow rate. The average fiber diameter of P(VDF-HFP) fibers is increased with increasing flow rates. The WCA values of the P(VDF-HFP) fibers with bead-on-string structure could reach up to 158.60°, indicating as the superhydrophobicity. These as-received porous P(VDF-HFP) fibers with superhydrophobic surface are attractive properties for self-cleaning materials used for further several industrial applications.
Effect of flow rate on the fabrication of P(VDF-HFP) nanofibers
Authors: Nawae S , Tohluebaji N , Putson C , Muensit N , Yuennan J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, different flow rates were used to produce electrospun Poly (vinylidenefluoridene-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-HFP) nanofibers to investigate the fiber diameter and water contact angle (WCA). The flow rate range for P(VDF-HFP) electrospinning started from 0.1 to 0.9 ml/h. The surface morphology of the nanofibers was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The intrinsic beta-phase and the degree of crystallization are confirmed from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies. The wettability of the nanofibers was also determined in terms of WCA. The results show continuous nanofiber mats. The P(VDF-HFP) mat at flow rate of 0.7 ml/h shows the highest values of fiber diameter of 835 nm and WCA of 152°. The electroactive beta-phase occurred during the electrospinning process is achieved with 86% of beta-phase fraction and 85% of crystalline degree. These results suggest that the as-received P(VDF-HFP) nanofibers can operate stably as the fiber strain sensor without being affected by sweat or water.
Potential application of Thorium isotopes in upland maize soils for assessment of soil erosion
Authors: Kulsawat W , Kaewchuay N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Soil core samples from upland maize field at Mae Ramah district, Tak province were analysed for thorium isotopes using the modified method. The measures Th-232, Th-230 and Th-228 revealed that the rock parent material is the dominant source at these sites while fertilizer is an important supplement. Migration behaviour of Thorium isotopes varying with seasonal and human activities during cultivation period such as ploughing, harrowing, and applying fertilizer resulted in different distribution of Thorium isotopes in soils. It was observed the descending and ascending of Th-232, Th-230 and Th-228 concentrations in maize soils along the 250 meters line transect sampling. The highest Th-232 found in the upland maize soils was 11.76 Bq/kg or 5344.56 Bq/m2 while the lowest was 1.88 Bq/kg or 289.40 Bq/m2. Erosion and deposition of topsoil in the site should be the most possible reason for the significantly lower thorium isotopes values and vice versa along downhill soils. These results demonstrated that Thorium isotopes could be applied as an ideal substitute of Cs-137 for soil erosion study in the future. Further study is to collect additional line transect sampling including increase with the distance.
Rapid material identification via low-resolution Raman spectroscopy and deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Boonsit S , Kalasuwan P , van Dommelen P , Daengngam C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a vital technique being able to detect and identify molecular information with advantages of being fast and non-invasive. This technique also enables numbers of potential applications, including forensic drugs detector, explosive detection, and biomedical analysis. In this work, we investigated the identification performance of a custom-made low-resolution Raman system equipped with machine learning capability to classify various types of materials. Here, a relatively broadband laser diode with center wavelength of 808 nm was used for Raman excitation. An off-axis parabolic mirror with through hole was used in place of a beamspiltter for sample excitation, as well as collection, and collimation of scattered light from long working distance of 50 mm. The signal was filtered and delivered to a cooled spectrometer via an optical fiber for spectra measurements. Raman spectra of test samples were on the range of 100-2000 cm−1 with 7.65 cm−1 data steps. For spectral analysis, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was implemented as classification algorithm with feature extraction from multiple layers together with error-back propagation, which displayed the performance in term of accuracy. It was found that with only three sets of convolution layers up to 96.7% testing performance can be achieved even with low spectral resolution input.
Resonant Raman random lasing from disorder-structured material pumped by nanosecond-pulsed laser
Authors: Srisamran P , Pewkhom P , Boonsit S , Kalasuwan P , van Dommelen P , Daengngam C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Raman spectroscopy can provide “chemical fingerprint”, unique for each chemical composition; nevertheless, spontaneous Raman scattering has low efficiency (10−8-10−10). In this study, we report the evidence of Raman random lasing (RRL) generated from disordered materials even pumped by a nanosecond-pulsed laser, resulting in enhancement of Raman signal. The 355 nm UV excitation pulses allowed higher Stokes intensity due to the resonant Raman effect, compensating for the comparatively wider pulse duration. For the experiment, the effects of sample packing densities on RRL efficiency were studied for Ba(NO3)2 powder. The RRL threshold of the loosely-packed structure was lower than the closely-packed structure, and the RRL power efficiency reached 4.25 × 10−4, for the former case. It is consistent with the coherent backscattering results that indicated the longer transport mean free path for the loosely-packed structure, implying deeper photon penetration into the sample structure with lower density. Furthermore, the full-wave simulation on COMSOL Multiphysics was solved for the investigation of localization time and confined energy of electromagnetic wave in the random structures. The closely-packed structure showed better localization property. However, the loosely-packed structure allowed more incident light to penetrate into the medium, which affected more profoundly on RRL generation.
The effect of red, blue, green and white light emitting diodes on pigment content and sugar accumulation in wheatgrass
Authors: Yindeesuk Witoon , Sartpan Sirichai , Kamondilok Surachart 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research studied the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) on pigment content and sugar accumulation in wheatgrass. The wheatgrass was cultured under different lighting conditions, consisting of white (W), red (R, 660 nm), blue (B, 480 nm), and green (G, 525 nm) LEDs. The daily light integral is 2.33 mol/day in 7 days. The wheatgrass was cultured in a close system at a temperature of 25±1 °C and humidity of 75 ± 3 %. In the experiment, the completely randomized design was used with three replications of 100 seedings. The wheatgrass that was grown under red and blue light with ratio 1:1 yield a chlorophyll A of 1.0363 mg/L, chlorophyll B of 0.4189 mg/L, and carotenoid of 0.3208 mg/L. The sugar accumulation of 8.234 mg/L is a maximum under the red, green, and blue treatment with statistical significance.