bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Menu of Loan Contracts on Borrower Behavior
Authors: Abraham Katharine G. , Filiz-Ozbay Emel , Ozbay Erkut Y. , Turner Lesley J. 
Published: March 2021

We study how the menu of contracts presented to a decision maker—including contracts she may be precluded from choosing—affects her choice of remunerative but risky actions relative to lower paying, less risky alternatives. We do this through a series of laboratory experiments modeled after the loan repayment options offered to U.S. student borrowers, analyzing borrowers’ task (career) choices in settings that vary the menu of available and unavailable loan repayment plans and knowledge of unavailable options. In these experiments, we observe behavior that is inconsistent with predictions from standard economic models in which agents can easily make complex decisions and each alternative in a choice set is evaluated independently of other potential options. Instead, we provide evidence that expanding the menu of choices or making an agent aware of choices that she has been denied can affect how a contract is valued. Our empirical findings are most consistent with behavioral models that allow for anticipated regret over a choice that turns out to be suboptimal ex post or preferences for simplicity and gratitude for being unburdened from having to make a choice. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
Following the Customers: Dynamic Competitive Repositioning
Authors: Ning Z. Eddie , Villas-Boas J. Miguel 
Published: March 2021

We consider dynamic repositioning when competing firms try to follow the evolution of consumer preferences while taking into account the competitive interaction, both in terms of static market competition and the dynamic effects of different firm positionings. We fully characterize the dynamic market equilibrium, which includes the timing of the firms’ repositionings depending on consumer preferences. As consumer preferences evolve away from where both firms are located, one firm first moves to follow consumer preferences, with the second firm only moving if the consumer preferences continue evolving away from that firm. The model predicts rich market dynamics, where firms stay for some period in different positionings if consumer preferences are in a relatively middle ground or where a firm repositions to follow consumer preferences but then repositions back to the original position if consumer preferences return. We find that, when the variability of the consumer preferences or the discount rate is greater or when the importance of the repositioning attribute is smaller, firms are less likely to follow consumer preferences. Firms are more heterogeneous in their responses, which leads to longer periods of differentiation when the variability of the consumer preferences, the discount rate, or the importance of the repositioning attribute increases. We also find that competing firms reposition less frequently than what is socially optimal and what collusion would imply, and we find more differentiation under collusion than under competition. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Bandwidth-tunable THz absorber based on diagonally distributed double-sized VO2 disks
Authors: Liang Jiran , Zhang Ke , Lei Dangyuan , Yu Lize , Wang Shuangli 
Published: March 2021

Terahertz absorbers combined with phase-changing

V
O

2

are a class of stealth materials with adjustable absorptance. However, such absorbers still suffer from insufficient absorption bandwidth. We propose a three-layer terahertz (THz) absorber, consisting of an array of diagonally distributed double-sized

V
O

2

disks on a silica-coated gold film. We find this structure can generate the superposition of three resonant absorption peaks to broaden the absorption band. The finite element simulation (FES) results show that the absorption bandwidth can be adjusted from 2.63 to 5.04 THz by simply changing the sizes of the

V
O

2

disks. In addition, the peak absorptance can be continuously regulated from 9.8% to 96% by varying the conductivity of

V
O

2

. Finally, the absorber is polarization-insensitive and has wide-angle absorption. The wide absorption band and adjustable bandwidth of the absorbers have important applications potentially for intelligent stealth materials.
Radiocarbon dioxide detection using cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy
Authors: Fatima Mehr , Hausmaninger Thomas , Tomberg Teemu , Karhu Juho , Vainio Markku , Hieta Tuomas , Genoud Guillaume 
Published: March 2021

In this Letter, we report on the sub-parts-per-billion-level radiocarbon dioxide detection using cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy. The

14

C

/

C

ratio of samples is measured by targeting a

14

C
O

2

absorption line with minimal interference from other

C
O

2

isotopes. Using a quantum cascade laser as a light source allows for a compact experimental setup. In addition, measurements of sample gases with

14

C
O

2

concentrations as low as 100 parts-per-trillion (ppt) are presented. The Allan deviation demonstrates a noise equivalent concentration of 30 ppt at an averaging time of 9 min. The achieved sensitivity validates this method as a suitable alternative to more complex optical detection methods for radiocarbon dioxide detection used so far, and it can be envisioned for future in situ radiocarbon detection.
Wavelength-scanning lensfree on-chip microscopy for wide-field pixel-super-resolved quantitative phase imaging
Authors: Wu Xuejuan , Sun Jiasong , Zhang Jialin , Lu Linpeng , Chen Rong , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao 
Published: March 2021

We propose a lensfree on-chip microscopy approach for wide-field quantitative phase imaging (QPI) based on wavelength scanning. Unlike previous methods, we found that a relatively large-range wavelength diversity not only provides information to overcome spatial aliasing of the image sensor but also creates sufficient diffraction variations that can be used to achieve motion-free, pixel-super-resolved phase recovery. Based on an iterative phase retrieval and pixel-super-resolution technique, the proposed wavelength-scanning approach uses only eight undersampled holograms to achieve a half-pitch lateral resolution of 691 nm across a large field-of-view of

29.85

m
m

2

, surpassing 2.41 times the theoretical Nyquist–Shannon sampling resolution limit imposed by the pixel size of the sensor (1.67 µm). We confirmed the effectiveness of this technique in QPI and resolution enhancement by measuring the benchmark quantitative phase microscopy target. We also showed that this method can track HeLa cell growth within an incubator, revealing cellular morphologies and subcellular dynamics of a large cell population over an extended period of time.
Electro-optic active Q-switched Tm:YLF laser based on polarization modulation
Authors: Noach Salman , Nahear Rotem , Vidal Yehuda , Garcia Yehudit , Agranat Aharon J. 
Published: March 2021

An electro-optic active

Q

-switched Tm:YLF laser (1880 nm) employing a novel, to the best of our knowledge, switching scheme is presented. The switching is done by a potassium lithium tantalate niobate (KLTN) crystal operated slightly above the ferroelectric phase transition, cut in a trapezoidal shape for reducing acousto-optic oscillations. The novel switching scheme exploits the emission cross section difference between the

π

and

σ

polarizations in the Tm:YLF and overcomes the residual oscillation effects even at high repetition rates. The laser exhibited stable operation yielding pulses of 0.81 mJ and pulse duration of 30 ns at 5 kHz, and pulses of 1.25 mJ and pulse duration of 19 ns at 500 Hz.
Panda-type few-mode fiber-enabled microwave photonic filter with a reconfigurable finite impulse response
Authors: Zhang Yao , Gao Jitao , Zhu Lei , Fu Songnian , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen 
Published: March 2021

Leveraging various physical dimensions of optical signals allows significant scaling of the transmission capacity for optical communications. Here we experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable microwave photonic filter (MPF) enabled by both mode and polarization division multiplexing arising in a Panda-type few-mode fiber. The

L
P

01
x

,

L
P

01
y

,

L
P

11
x

, and

L
P

11
y

modes are used to realize optical true-time delay lines of the MPF, thus achieving a four-tap finite impulse response (FIR) with a free spectral range of around 2.22 GHz. Due to the employed delay between two orthogonal polarizations, the number of taps arising in its FIR can be doubled. Moreover, the reconfigurable FIR of the MPF can be achieved by loading the corresponding phase pattern onto a spatial light modulator. Finally, the low-pass FIR can be switched to the bandpass FIR due to the introduction of polarization modulation, indicating the flexible manipulation of the FIR for the multi-dimensional division multiplexing enabled MPF.
Teaching critical thinking about health using digital technology in lower secondary schools in Rwanda: A qualitative context analysis
Authors: Mugisha Michael , Uwitonze Anne Marie , Chesire Faith , Senyonga Ronald , Oxman Matt , Nsangi Allen , Semakula Daniel , Kaseje Margaret , Lewin Simon , Sewankambo Nelson , Nyirazinyoye Laetitia , Oxman Andrew D. , Rosenbaum Sarah 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionAdolescents encounter misleading claims about health interventions that can affect their health. Young people need to develop critical thinking skills to enable them to verify health claims and make informed choices. Schools could teach these important life skills, but educators need access to suitable learning resources that are aligned with their curriculum. The overall objective of this context analysis was to explore conditions for teaching critical thinking about health interventions using digital technology to lower secondary school students in Rwanda.MethodsWe undertook a qualitative descriptive study using four methods: document review, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. We reviewed 29 documents related to the national curriculum and ICT conditions in secondary schools. We conducted 8 interviews and 5 focus group discussions with students, teachers, and policy makers. We observed ICT conditions and use in five schools. We analysed the data using a framework analysis approach.ResultsTwo major themes found. The first was demand for teaching critical thinking about health. The current curriculum explicitly aims to develop critical thinking competences in students. Critical thinking and health topics are taught across subjects. But understanding and teaching of critical thinking varies among teachers, and critical thinking about health is not being taught. The second theme was the current and expected ICT conditions. Most public schools have computers, projectors, and internet connectivity. However, use of ICT in teaching is limited, due in part to low computer to student ratios.ConclusionsThere is a need for learning resources to develop critical thinking skills generally and critical thinking about health specifically. Such skills could be taught within the existing curriculum using available ICT technologies. Digital resources for teaching critical thinking about health should be designed so that they can be used flexibly across subjects and easily by teachers and students.
Antenatal corticosteroids for impending late preterm (34-36+6 weeks) deliveries—A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
Authors: Deshmukh Mangesh , Patole Sanjay 
Published: March 2021

Background
Administration of antenatal corticosteroids (ANC) for impending preterm delivery beyond 34 weeks of gestation continues to be a controversial issue despite various guidelines for obstetricians and gynaecologists.

Objective
To compare outcomes following exposure to ANC for infants born between 34–36+6 weeks’ gestation.

Methods
A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCT) reporting neonatal outcomes after ANC exposure between 34–36+6 weeks’ gestation using Cochrane methodology. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Emcare, Cochrane Central library and Google Scholar were searched in May 2020. Primary outcomes: (1) Need for respiratory support (Mechanical ventilation, CPAP, high flow) or oxygen (2) Hypoglycemia. Secondary outcomes included respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnoea of newborn (TTN), need for neonatal resuscitation at birth [only in the delivery room immediately after birth (not in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)], admission to NICU, mortality and developmental follow up. Level of evidence (LOE) was summarised by GRADE guidelines.

Main results
Seven RCTs (N = 4144) with low to high risk of bias were included. Only one RCT was from high income countries, Meta-analysis (random-effects model) showed (1) reduced need for respiratory support [5 RCTs (N = 3844); RR = 0.68 (0.47–0.98), p = 0.04; I2 = 55%; LOE: Moderate] and (2) higher risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia [4 RCTs (N = 3604); RR = 1.61(1.38–1.87), p<0.00001; I2 = 0%; LOE: High] after ANC exposure. Neonates exposed to ANC had reduced need for resuscitation at birth. The incidence of RDS, TTN and surfactant therapy did not differ significantly. None of the included studies reported long-term developmental follow up.

Conclusions
Moderate quality evidence indicates that ANC exposure reduced need for respiratory support, and increased the risk of hypoglycaemia in late preterm neonates. Large definitive trials with adequate follow up for neurodevelopmental outcomes are required to assess benefits and risks of ANC in this population.
La gestión anti-sociológica y tecno-experta de la pandemia del Covid-19
Authors: Martuccelli Danilo 
Published: March 2021

El artículo propone un conjunto de reflexiones críticas sobre la gestión tecno-experta de la pandemia del covid-19. Apoyándose en las dos grandes estrategias espaciales de prevención puestas en práctica, los confinamientos y los distanciamientos, el texto no se interesa ni en los diferenciales de resultados obtenidos a nivel nacional, ni en las razones que llevaron a su implementación. Lo que se analiza son los presupuestos y los imaginarios sociales subyacentes a las decisiones tomadas, la homogeneidad de las medidas que fueron generalizadas con muy escasa atención hacia los contextos locales, y los ideales de sociabilidad que se movilizaron. Se destaca, sobre todo, la tensión entre lo presencial y lo virtual, entre una sociabilidad fundada en la interacción y una sociabilidad que tendencialmente se concibe desde la conectividad generalizada, y la manera en que ello rediseña potencialmente toda una nueva jerarquía social de oficios y de actividades. Es este conjunto dispar de imaginarios, tendencias y medidas que el artículo critica por su carácter anti-sociológico y descontextualizado
Water/Heavy Fuel Oil Emulsion Production, Characterization and Combustion
Authors: Alaa Moalla , Soulayman Soulayman , Abdelkarim Taan , Walid Zgheib 
Published: March 2021

In order to produce a water/heavy fuel oil emulsion (W/HFO) with different water contents to cover the daily needs of a fire tube boiler or a water tube boiler, a special homogenizer is designed, constructed and tested. The produced emulsion is characterized and compared with the pure HFO properties. It is found experimentally in fire tube boiler that, the use of W/HFO emulsion with 8% of water content (W0.08/HFO0.92) instead of HFO leads to a saving rate of 13.56% in HFO. For explaining the obtained energy saving the term “equivalent heat value (EHV) of the W/HFO emulsions”, defined as the ratio of the W/HFO emulsion net calorific value to the HFO content in the emulsion, is used. Based on direct measurements, provided in this work, it was found that the equivalent heat value (EHV) increases with the water content in the water/heavy fuel oil (W/HFO). It reaches 1.06 times of HFO net calorific value at water content of 22.24%. The obtained, in the present work, experimental results demonstrate the dependence of the emulsion EHV on its water content. These results are in agreement with the results of other authors. Therefore, the contribution of water droplets in the emulsion combustion is verified. It is found experimentally that, the emitted CO, SO2 and H2S gases from the fire tube boiler chimney decreases by 5.66%. 3.99% and 48.77% respectively in the case of (W0.08/HFO0.92) emulsion use instead of HFO.
Misterium Najświętszego Imienia Jezus w liturgii Kościoła rzymskiego
Authors: Pałęcki Waldemar 
Published: March 2021

According to the bible tradition, the name of a person determine its personality and dignity. Since the 18th century there is known commemoration of the most sacred name of Jesus in the liturgy of Roman Church. The essence of this devotion contains the liturgical texts assigned for that day. Especially many texts of the pre-Vatican liturgy point out the great importance of that day. After the Second Vatican Council the commemoration was removed from the liturgical agenda, but anew established in 2002. Analysis of the texts contained in missal and breviary show theological contain of that feast day. The base are words about the humiliation and glorification of the Servant of Yahwe derived from the second chapter of the Letter of Saint Paul to Philippians (Phil. 2:6–11) and from the Acts of Apostles. In that book it is said that the name of Jesus is the only one by which we can be saved (Acts 4:8–12). Liturgical texts from the Old Testament indicate the fulfilment of the prophecy in the name of Jesus. Different motivation of praising the name of Jesus is shown in the literature of Christian writers who demonstrate the beauty and sweetness of the name of Jesus. Before The Second Vatican Council, in the sermons of St. Bernard it is highlighted that this name is innate, not given. Saint Bernard from Siena said in his sermons that the name of Jesus is the name of His mercy. This text is the base of the Office of readings after the Second Vatican Council. Nowadays this feast is celebrated on 3rd January and links the mystery of the nativity and of the revelation of the Lord, pointing out the unity in the celebration of the mystery of Incarnation.
Molecular data reveals two new species of Hypnea (Cystocloniaceae, Rhodophyta) from India: Hypnea indica sp. nov. and Hypnea bullata sp. nov.
Authors: Kundu Pushpendu , Bast Felix 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We used three molecular markers (COI-5P, rbcL and UPA) to investigate the diversity of Hypnea spp., an economically important red algal genus, collected from India. Our concatenated tree (COI-5P and rbcL) supported the monophyly of two new species, Hypnea indica sp. nov. and Hypnea bullata sp. nov. H. indica diverged from its closest two sister species, Hypnea cervicornis and Hypnea tenuis (by 15.9 and 11.2%, respectively, in COI-5P; and 3.4 and 3.2% in rbcL). We describe H. indica as a new species characterised by an erect, percurrent main axis with spine-like branchlets in acute angles, straight and forked apices, axial cells surrounded by large periaxial cells or two cells similar in size to the axial cell, and the presence of lenticular thickening in the cross-section of the thallus. H. bullata diverged from its closest sister species, Hypnea brasiliensis (by 10.9% in COI-5P and 3.3% in rbcL). H. bullata is characterized by a prostrate thallus up to 1.5 cm in height, highly anastomosed, with an axial cell surrounded by similar sized, or smaller, periaxial cells, tetrasporangia present near the base of branchlets, and the presence of lenticular thickening.
Modulation of recombinant human alpha 1 glycine receptor by flavonoids and gingerols
Authors: Breitinger Ulrike , Sticht Heinrich , Breitinger Hans-Georg 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The inhibitory glycine receptor (GlyR) is a principal mediator of fast synaptic inhibition in mammalian spinal cord, brainstem, and higher brain centres. Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites that exhibit many beneficial physiological effects, including modulatory action on neuronal receptors. Using whole-cell current recordings from recombinant human α1 GlyRs, expressed in HEK293 cells, we compared the flavonols kaempferol and quercetin, the flavanone naringenin, the flavones apigenin and nobiletin, the isoflavone genistein, and two gingerols, 6-gingerol and 8-gingerol for their modulation of receptor currents. All compounds were inhibitors of the GlyR with IC50 values ranging between 9.3 ± 2.6 µM (kaempferol) and 46.7 ± 6.5 µM (genistein), following a mixed mode of inhibition. Co-application of two inhibitors revealed distinct binding sites for flavonoids and gingerols. Pore-lining mutants T258A and T258S were strongly inhibited by quercetin and naringenin, but not by 6-gingerol, confirming the existence of distinct binding sites for flavonoids and gingerols. Apigenin, kaempferol, nobiletin, naringenin and 6-gingerol showed biphasic action, potentiating glycine-induced currents at low concentration of both, modulator and glycine, and inhibiting at higher concentrations. Identification of distinct modulatory sites for flavonoids and related compounds may present pharmacological target sites and aid the discovery of novel glycinergic drugs.
Improving the mechanical performance of a resistance spot welded 1200 MPa TBF steel
Authors: Stadler Manfred , Schnitzer Ronald , Gruber Martin , Hofer Christina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present work different approaches to improve the mechanical properties of a resistance spot welded 1200 MPa transformation induced plasticity-aided bainitic ferrite steel are evaluated. An extension of the welding time results in coarsening of the microstructure of the outer fusion zone and the maximum force derived by the cross tension strength test did not improve significantly. A temper pulse after a long cooling time leads to pronounced softening of the fusion zone, as determined by hardness mapping, which resulted in enhanced weld properties. A recrystallization pulse modifies the shape of the prior austenite grains at the outer fusion zone, which was visualized with electron backscatter diffraction. This also resulted in a significant improvement of maximum force. For all approaches the failure mode improved, which can be attributed to an increased fraction of high angle grain boundaries at the edge of the fusion zone.
Simvastatin-loaded graphene oxide embedded in polycaprolactone-polyurethane nanofibers for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Rezaei Hessam , Shahrezaee Mostafa , Jalali Monfared Marziyeh , Fathi Karkan Sonia , Ghafelehbashi Robabehbeygom 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Here, the role of simvastatin-loaded graphene oxide embedded in polyurethane-polycaprolactone nanofibers for bone tissue engineering has been investigated. The scaffolds were physicochemically and mechanically characterized, and obtained polymeric composites were used as MG-63 cell culture scaffolds. The addition of graphene oxide-simvastatin to nanofibers generates a homogeneous and uniform microstructure as well as a reduction in fiber diameter. Results of water-scaffolds interaction indicated higher hydrophilicity and absorption capacity as a function of graphene oxide addition. Scaffolds’ mechanical properties and physical stability improved after the addition of graphene oxide. Inducing bioactivity after the addition of simvastatin-loaded graphene oxide terminated its capability for hard tissue engineering application, evidenced by microscopy images and phase characterization. Nanofibrous scaffolds could act as a sustained drug carrier. Using the optimal concentration of graphene oxide-simvastatin is necessary to avoid toxic effects on tissue. Results show that the scaffolds are biocompatible to the MG-63 cell and support alkaline phosphatase activity, illustrating their potential use in bone tissue engineering. Briefly, graphene-simvastatin-incorporated in polymeric nanofibers was developed to increase bioactive components’ synergistic effect to induce more bioactivity and improve physical and mechanical properties as well as in vitro interactions for better results in bone repair.