bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conical Spring Inserts Effect on the Thermo- hydraulic Characteristics in Circular Copper Tube
Authors: Qasim M S , Ali S G , Freegah B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Experimental and numerical investigation was conducted to study the thermo-hydraulic characteristics in circular tube fitted with conical spring inserts. The dimensions of circular copper tube are 100cm, 2.2cm and 2.4 cm which represent the length, inner and outer diameters respectively. The length of insert was 15cm, while the conical spring has 16mm diameter gradually decreases to 6mm with the length and the pitch between the coils was 20mm. The diameter of wire used to fabricate the conical spring insert was 4mm. Those inserts were arranged into eight categories (A1 to A8). In the numerical part, the governing equations were solved by using commercial ANSYS-Fluent package (2019 R3) with the assistance of solid works and Gambit software program. The finite volume approach was used in solving the equations to predict the pressure flow, heat transfer and temperature distribution along the tube. Experimental work included design and built a test platform for the experimental measurements. The aim of experimental study was to predict the behavior of heat transfer and pressure in the tube with two cases, plain tube and inserted tube at the effect of different parameters. All experimental tests were conducted at turbulent flow fully developed. The range of Reynolds number and heat flux were (3542-7522) (4549-10576 W/m^2) respectively. The results showed that the best augmentation in heat transfer was by using a category A5 of conical spring insert compared with plain tube. Results show good agreement between the numerical and experimental results with an error of 8%. Also results showed that the Nusselt number increases as the Reynolds number increasing.
Cloud Connected Power Inverter
Authors: Sintea S R , Pomazan C C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the Industry 4.0 paradigm, the control of electrical power production and consumption in small energy nodes remains an important objective. The new energy production nodes are usually installed in locations with reduced power requirements. They can produce energy to cover the needs of the consumer and the excess can be pushed in the national power grid system. This paper proposes a scheme to control the balance between produced energy, the locally consumed energy and the energy pushed into the national power grid system, using grid controlled inverters. The inverter connects the local energy source, with the local consumer and also ensures a bidirectional connection to the national power grid system. The inverter can be programmed to satisfy the local consumer power requirements, from the local source or from the national power grid system, and it can also deliver the local excess energy to the national power grid system. The controller is connected with the Internet and is able to send data to an IoT server. This paper presents a solution, along with its supporting technology, to create a network infrastructure based on thinger.io IoT technology. We present this solution for control, monitoring and optimization the electrical power production and consumption for small consumers using the IoT technology. This device can be used in small farm areas where we can monitor and control the balance between energy production and energy consumption from local sources or from the national power grid system. The device can also be used to monitor and control energy flow in remote small industrial plants or agricultural farms.
Research regarding works ergonomics in automotive repair shop
Authors: Tanase M , Chivu O , Tapirdea A , Nitoi D , Petrescu V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Prevention of muskuloscheletal disorders is very important worldwide. Both governments and companies are very interested in reducing the risk of their occurrence because the process that occur in the illness of an employee are long and very expensive. Muskuloscheletal disorders exists in all area of activity and in all occupations cause physical and economic consequences for both the worker and the company. They are generally found where the activity involves repetitive actions with awkward workstations or when the individual human operator has to lift weights above or outside the ergonomic workspace of the upper limbs. The most common musculoskeletal disorders occur mainly in two areas of the human body, namely: the back and the upper limbs, respectively, because the activities take place with the help of muscle groups in these areas. For this reason, they are most affected. Paper carries out a study on the activity of a car service and the exposure of the human operator from a certain workplace. It aims to highlight modern methods for preventing musculoskeletal disorders, generated by repeated and long exposure to emerging risks in the automotive industry. The semi-direct OWAS method will identify the areas where possible stress points may appear in the muscles, as a result of repeated exposure in a short time to risk factors but will be studied also NIOSH and RULA methods. Through Process Simulate software we try modeling such an activity, around which musculoskeletal disorders can occurs. It must be taken into account that here the mechanical stress generated at the level of the human operator cannot be visualized, because they depend on the prolonged, repeated exposure of the risk factors and on the large volume of work in a certain period of time.
Prediction of the dynamic stiffness of boring bars
Authors: Astarloa A , Fernandes M H , Mancisidor I , Munoa J , Dombovari Z 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The productivity of boring operations is limited by chatter vibrations, as an effect of the low dynamic stiffness and damping of these cantilevered structures. The origin of the beforementioned self-excited vibration is mainly related to the dynamic stiffness of the boring bar’s bending mode, which is influenced by the stiffness and damping of the machine tool interface. In this paper a dynamic model is presented, which uses Timoshenko beam theory for the boring bar itself, while the effect of the clamping is experimentally determined applying Receptance Coupling Substructure Analysis (RCSA). The important effect of the boring head at the tool tip is considered on the coupling as well. This way, once the machine interface is characterized, the Frequency Response Functions (FRF) of different boring bars can be predicted.
On the performance of Super Abrasive Machining (SAM) on small diameter cBN wheel wear
Authors: Bravo H , Ortega N , Polvorosa R , Zamakona I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Electroplated cBN wheels have increased their importance in industry, mainly in camshaft, crankshaft and gearbox grinding in the automotive sector and in grinding of aeronautical turbine parts made from nickel superalloys. Possible new applications include Integrated Blade Rotors (IBRs), whose importance is increasing in new aeroengine configurations. Electroplated cBN wheels form retention without trueing or dressing and low wear make them suitable for this usage. However, few information is available about wear and resulting surface finish characteristics in the small diameter wheels needed for this application. In this study, data about wheel topography and wear and surface finishing of resulting surfaces is shown. Also, some hypothesis about the reasons for the higher-than-expected resulting surface finish are exposed.
Resin Bonded Diamond grinding wheels conditioning using SiC rotary dresser
Authors: Muñoz A , Godino L , Sánchez J A , Pombo I , Tolosa I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Superabrasive grinding of advanced materials parts with complex geometry is a critical issue for aerospace or energy industry. Likewise, conditioning of superabrasive is a key process in order to obtain the most effective grinding. While from industrial point of view the conditioning parameters and dressers are designed from the experience, from scientific point of view the last works are focused on achieving guidelines for optimising conditioning process. In this sense, the present work is focussed on the conditioning process of diamond resin bonded grinding wheels. To this end, SiC rotary dressers of different hardness and applying down-cut and up-cut are tested in order to achieve the best conditions. On the one hand, the wheel surface is deeply analyse. A software is developed in order to analyse the grain pull out, the new abrasive grains and the size evolution and grain concentration during conditioning. On the other hand, the wheel geometry is also measured due to the importance of geometry loss during the conditioning process on profile grinding wheels. The results shown that down-cut conditions are more aggressive obtaining a better wheel surface recovery and the wheel geometry of the incidence edge is lost, requiring a subsequent truing process to obtain the wheel profile. Finally, it is noteworthy that the methodology developed for the analysis of the diamond resin bonded grinding wheels is suitable for all types of grinding wheels even rotary dressers.
Experimental application of a laboratory equipment for micro-electroforming using models manufactured with additive technology
Authors: Sánchez C J , Martínez M D , Hernández P M , Marrero M D , Salguero J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
One of the manufacturing processes applications on a microscopic scale, consists in modifying parts or components´ surfaces to improve their properties. Unconventional machining processes are needed to generate complex geometries, high details reproduction, and excellent finished surfaces at that scale. Micro sinker electrical discharge manufacturing (μ-SEDM) process could be one good option. The electrode manufacturing is one of the main drawbacks. It supposes a big resources waste before starting to manufacture. In this way, working on a microscopic scale becomes a challenge to obtain different shapes and textures on functional surfaces. In this work, combined use of micro-electroforming and digital light processing (DLP) additive manufacturing is presented. These two additive techniques are completely different and unrelated in their applications, materials, and technological fundamentals. However, their combination is a low-cost option to obtain good results in the manufacture of μ-SEDM electrodes. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a micro-electroforming equipment to meet the challenge. Furthermore, device had to have the ability to adapt the process parameters to the needs of the parts. As a result of this experimental application, we got high-quality parts, which could have an industrial application.
Manufacture of an abrasive jet machining (AJM) equipment adapted for the treatment of rotary flexion fatigue specimens
Authors: Herrera M , Bermudo C , Trujillo F J , Martín S , Sevilla L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The influence of micro-geometric irregularities on fatigue strength and, in particular, surface topography is widely accepted. The different machining processes generate surface roughness on machined parts that may significantly modify their fatigue behaviour and compromise their use in components where structural stability is required. Therefore, the study of these materials behaviour under cyclic loading stresses becomes highly relevant. The aim of this work is to design and manufacture an abrasive jet machining machine, in order to improve the surface roughness in the dry turning of aluminium alloys for a study of the influence on fatigue life after modification of its surface topography, using similar parameters to any equivalent industrial equipment. For this purpose, several components from obsolete machines belonging to the Manufacturing Engineering Department of the University of Malaga have been reused, to reduce the final cost. Several tests have been carried out with the aim of testing the manufactured equipment. The experimental data have shown results in line with those offered by others in industrial use for similar abrasives and processing material. The equipment has been built in accordance with the ISO 12100:2010 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction.
Recent advances in the extrusion methods for ceramics
Authors: Buj I , Vidal D , Tejo A , Fenollosa F , Mesbahi J El , Mesbahi A El 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent years, extrusion 3D printing processes have undergone an important development. They allow obtaining complex shapes in an easy way and relatively low cost. Different plastic materials can be 3D printed with the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology. Bioinert ceramics such as alumina or zirconia have excellent physical and mechanical properties (high melting point, high strength…) that make them appropriate in different fields: medicine, electronics, etc. However, 3D printing of ceramics is by far less developed than 3D printing of plastics or metals. A possible application for 3D printing of ceramics is the manufacture of prostheses, which usually have complex shapes with porous structures. Ceramic prostheses have several advantages over the use of other materials: they generate low debris, they are hard and they are inert and corrosion-resistant. In the present work the recent advances about extrusion 3D printing of ceramic materials are presented, with a special focus on the manufacture of prostheses.
Study for the selection of 3D printing parameters for the design of TPU products
Authors: Rodríguez L , Naya G , Bienvenido R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The design and development of elastic products for additive manufacturing has the particularity that the manufacturing parameters can affect the aesthetic and functional properties due to the flexible nature of the material. Therefore, the selection of each of them should not be analysed separately. For this reason, in this work, different printing parameters were explored sequentially, observing their influence on the final finish obtained with the aim of adjusting the appropriate values to provide valid prototypes and products. Layer height, wall thickness, followability, extrusion temperature, shrinkage and printing speeds were studied. As a result, the parameters that offer the best results, with respect to the quality of finish, in 3D printing of TPU for application to the design of elastic products were determined.
Study of the influence of laser energy density on the surface roughness of Scalmalloy® samples manufactured by DMLS technology
Authors: Márquez C , López J D , Cabrera L , González L , Botana J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is an additive metal manufacturing technology that allows complex parts to be built without the design constraints of conventional technologies. In addition, the possibility of reusing powder reduces raw material consumption and the amount of waste generated. However, one of the disadvantages of this technology is that, in most cases, it requires post-processing tasks that increase manufacturing costs and delivery times. Some of these additional tasks are aimed at reducing the surface roughness of the parts obtained, using technologies such as grinding, mechanical polishing, shot blasting or electropolishing. This work proposes to improve the surface quality of parts manufactured by DMLS by controlling the processing parameters. In this way, the costs associated with these post-processing tasks could be reduced. Specifically, it is proposed to study the effect of the laser energy density applied to the surface of the parts during the manufacturing process on their surface quality. To carry out this study, powders of the Al-Mg-Sc alloy known as Scalmalloy®, developed to manufacture parts by means of DMLS with application in the aeronautical sector, have been used. In this sector, surface quality is one of the factors limiting the implementation of DMLS technology for the manufacture of parts considered critical.
Evaluation of porosity in 3D printed trabecular bone structures for prostheses
Authors: Buj I , Bagheri A , Ferrer M , Domínguez A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hip prostheses require an external porous area in order to fix them by means of osseointegration. Different structures can be printed in order to favour bone fixation, such as octet-truss or trabecular, among others. In the present paper, bone-like structures are printed in cubic shapes, by means of fused filament fabrication (FFF). Three design parameters of the structures were varied: the number of joining points per unit volume, the area scale and the offset that is given to the different struts of the structure. Both the theoretical and the measured porosity of the samples is evaluated, from the drawing of the structures and by means of weight measurements respectively. As expected, the structures having fewer union points per unit volume are more porous than the structures having more points. When low number of points generating struts of the structure were employed, measured porosity is lower than the theoretical one, while when high number of points is considered, the opposite situation is found. The present work will help to obtain porous structures to be used in prostheses, by means of extrusion 3D printing processes.
Barriers to Lean and Pull System implementation: a case study
Authors: Araújo A , Alves A C , Romero F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lean Production has been documented in the last decades as a management methodology that brings many benefits. Nevertheless, many companies faced difficulties in implementing it and in having success. This happens due to the existence of some barriers to its implementation. This fact also occurs in the multinational company studied in this paper. Applying a case study methodology, research on the potential barriers for Lean and pull system implementation in a company that adopted Lean around two decades ago was made. To collect data for the case study, 17 interviews at different hierarchical levels in the organization were performed. The results of interviews analysis show that Lean and pull requires an integrated implementation of several dimensions.
Assessment of the flexibility of implementing lean tools
Authors: Pessoa B , Ferreira L P , Silva F J G , Sá J C , Ávila P , Ares J E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lean production has already proved to constitute an effective management philosophy when eliminating time loss in production processes. However, achieving economic results is currently insufficient. In the context of this study, research was conducted on the Web of Science platform in order to identify which lean tools are of most widespread use in the process industry, as well as their associated benefits. The publications obtained from this research were subjected to a quantitative analysis, which revealed that 80% of the documents comprise articles from journals, while only 20% appeared in conference proceedings. Of these publications and articles, 44% were cases studies, 35% consisted of research and 21% corresponds to questionnaires. With regard to distribution by country, it was found that approximately 50% of the documents published were limited to only three countries– India, Malaysia and the United States of America. Regarding the sector of activity, this distribution allowed to observe that the metalworking sector is the most targeted, followed by the textile and automotive areas, with a total of 24, 10 and 10 publications, respectively. This analysis allowed one to establish that the most frequently implemented tool mentioned in the articles is VSM (Value Stream Mapping), with a percentage of 65%. This is followed by 5S, which is also of widespread use, representing 48%, when compared to the total number of publications collected in the Web of Science.
Metabolism in eco-holonic manufacturing systems based on the living systems theory
Authors: Ávila M J , Martín A , Aguayo F 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe industrial metabolism has been conceived on the basis of analogies about the set of biochemical reactions (anabolism and catabolism) that occur in a living being and their flows of matter, energy and substances in natural ecosystems. This conception determines forms of appropriation and consumption of substances, materials and energy, from the natural environment (natursphere) and the technical environment (technosphere) for their transformation and subsequent elimination, under the articulation of criteria of cyclicity, toxicity and efficiency. The last aim of Industrial Ecology (IE), is materialized when the variety of industrial ecosystems is eco-compatible with the variety of natural ecosystems. The naturalisation of manufacturing systems is an effort to conceive them with variety similar to natural systems in order to achieve their eco-compatibility. In addition to bionic models from natural ecosystems in the field of industrial metabolism, several attempts have been made to design technical systems using bionic models from the Living Systems Theory (LST). The formulation of manufacturing systems based on living systems can be considered as a set of dynamic systems from Bertalanffy’s perspective. In this paper is postulated an Eco-Holonic Reference Architecture for its projection in the design of manufacturing systems metabolism with an adaptive, self-regulating and required variety structure and with a potential toolbox in the core knowledge of the holon throughout its life cycle.
Life cycle assessment of accessories of personal protective equipment PPE of easy manufacture: Ear-saver and anti-contact key
Authors: Ayabaca C , Vila C , Zambrano I , Reina S , Cesen M , Carrión M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The exponential growth of additive manufacturing techniques and their applications to accessory manufacturing for personal protective equipment (PPE) is becoming a reality. In the forthcoming years it will be able to supply local demands with more efficient and easier to use devices for medical protection. In this article we propose a method of customizing the design and manufacture of PPE accessories such as the Ear-Saver and Anti Contact Key. The proposal considers not only innovative aspects of the product design and rapid manufacturing issues, but also defines a framework considering the product lifecycle and outlines important indicators from economic, social and sustainable perspectives. A set of experimental case studies that are included to enrich the proposed framework and its metrics allows better assessment of the different activities and the environmental impact of the product.
Defectology Characterization of FDM Drilled Parts
Authors: Batista M , Piñero D , Ramírez M , Mayuet P F , Bienvenido R , Vazquez J M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince its emergence, the industry has made great efforts to implement additive manufacturing processes in its production systems. However, to achieve this use, the precision of the parts must also be guaranteed. But it is not yet possible to achieve the characteristics required in certain industrial sectors like the aeronautical where highly rigorous requirements are related to the assembled parts. In this way, alternatives arise, such as the use of machining to obtain the precision required. This concept has been applied for some time to metal parts obtained through additive manufacturing, but not so much to polymer parts. For this reason, given that it is expected that polymeric parts will be used in aeronautical structures, these will have to be machined to obtain the required geometric characteristics. Therefore, in this article, a parametric study of the quality of the holes made in parts obtained by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) will be carried out.