bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allogenic faecal microbiota transplantation for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in critically ill patients (FEBATRICE)–Study protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial (phase II)
Authors: Cibulkova Ivana , Rehorova Veronika , Soukupova Hana , Waldauf Petr , Cahova Monika , Manak Jan , Matejovic Martin , Duska Frantisek 
Published: December 2024

Background
Exposure of critically ill patients to antibiotics lead to intestinal dysbiosis, which often manifests as antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Faecal microbiota transplantation restores gut microbiota and may lead to faster resolution of diarrhoea.

Methods
Into this prospective, multi-centre, randomized controlled trial we will enrol 36 critically ill patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. We will exclude patients with ongoing sepsis, need of systemic antibiotics, or those after recent bowel surgery or any other reason that prevents the FMT. Randomisation will be in 1:1 ratio. Patients in the control group will receive standard treatment based on oral diosmectite. In the intervention group, patients will receive, in addition to the standard of care, faecal microbiota transplantation via rectal tube, in the form of a preparation mixed from 7 thawed aliquots (50 mL) made from fresh stool of 7 healthy unrelated donors and quarantined deep frozen for 3 to 12 months. Primary outcome is treatment failure defined as intervention not delivered or diarrhoea persisting at day 7 after randomisation. Secondary outcomes include safety measures such as systemic inflammatory response, adverse events, and also diarrhoea recurrence within 28 days. Exploratory outcomes focus on gut barrier function and composition of intestinal microbiota.

Discussion
Faecal microbiota transplantation has been effective for dysbiosis in non-critically ill patients with recurrent C. difficile infections and it is plausible to hypothesize that it will be equally effective for symptoms of dysbiosis in the critically ill patients. In addition, animal experiments and observational data suggest other benefits such as reduced colonization with multi-drug resistant bacteria and improved gut barrier and immune function. The frozen faeces from unrelated donors are immediately available when needed, unlike those from the relatives, who require lengthy investigation. Using multiple donors maximises graft microbiota diversity. Nonetheless, in vulnerable critically ill patients, Faecal microbiota transplantation might lead to bacterial translocation and unforeseen complications. From growing number of case series it is clear that its off label use in the critically ill patients is increasing and that there is a burning need to objectively assess its efficacy and safety, which this trial aims.

Trial registration
www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05430269).
Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among street working reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kassa Bekalu Getnet , Demilew Basazinew Chekol , Beyene Fentahun Yenealem , Belay Habtamu Gebrehana 
Published: December 2024

Background
Street women are women, who make their living on the streets by begging, sleeping in the streets, or on the sides of roads. They are the most marginalized and neglected segment of society, with little access to health care, including modern contraception, and a lack of knowledge about health services, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to examine modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among street women.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on observational community-based studies published from January 2010 up to February 1, 2023. PubMed, Google Scholar, HINAR, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and grey literature were used to search primary studies. We used Microsoft Excel for data entry and extracting data. STATA-17 statistical software was used to analyze the data as well and I2 tests evaluated study heterogeneity. The pooled utilization of the modern contraceptive method was predicted using a random-effect model.

Results
A total of eight studies were included. The pooled prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization was 51.89% (95% CI: 40.89–62.9). Being married (OR = 4.22, 95%CI, 2.75–6.49); facing a history of sexual assault/rape at a street life (OR = 3.59, 95%CI, 2.46–5.23); age between 25–35 years (OR = 3.27, 95%CI, 1.73–6.18), getting advise from the health professionals (OR = 6.23, 95%CI, 1.44–27.07), having a history of pregnancy in street life (OR = 1.90, 95%CI, 1.28–2.81) and no more children wanted (OR = 2.47, 95%CI, 1.52–5.00) were significantly associated with modern contraceptive utilization.

Conclusions
The pooled modern contraceptive utilization was suboptimal. Every concerned body or stakeholder should give more consideration to their lifestyles and living conditions by raising awareness and providing access to contraception.
Socioeconomic and behavioral factors of hypertension among Indian tribal population: Evidence from national family health survey 5
Authors: Vennam Bodhi Sri Vidya , Kuppli Sai Sushma , Kumar Bora Jayanta , Sahoo Soumya Swaroop , Gujjarlapudi Chaitanya , Bhimarasetty Devi Madhavi , Nerusu Ganga Nagamani , Goel Sonu 
Published: December 2024

Background
All Indian ethnic groups are experiencing an upsurge in the prevalence of hypertension. The objective of the present study was to explore the association between socioeconomic and behavioral factors of hypertension among the tribal population of India.

Methods
We used the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) round 5 data conducted in 2019–2021. The final sample size was 67263 tribal women and 8441 tribal men aged 15 to 49 years. Chi-square test and the Cochran-Armitage trend test were employed to evaluate the association. Complex samples logistic regression analysis was conducted using clusters and sampling weights. Interstate variation of the prevalence of hypertension by gender was depicted with spatial maps.

Results
The prevalence of hypertension among tribal women and men was 12% and 16·2%, respectively. All the independent variables were included in the multivariate model as all were significant at p<0.25 in bivariate analysis. Among both tribal women and men increasing age and at-risk waist hip ratio had higher likelihood ratios for hypertension. Among women, urban residence, lower education status, wealth status and consumption of alcohol were found to be significant predictors of hypertension. Among men, usage of smokeless tobacco was strongly associated with hypertension.

Conclusion
Our study highlights a higher prevalence of hypertension found in older age, smokeless tobacco users, and abdominal obesity risk among the tribal population. There are interstate variations in the prevalence of hypertension among both men and women. These findings help in identifying the risk factors and geographical locations to be prioritized for hypertension prevention and control and in formulating health action plans focused on the tribal population in India. Appropriate intervention approaches need to be adopted to increase hypertension awareness and control practices, specifically focusing on tribals.
Determinants of breast cancer screening among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Lemma Seifu Beminate , Mekuria Negussie Yohannes , Abrham Asnake Angwach , Daba Chinkey Fraol , Melak Fente Bezawit , Alamrie Asmare Zufan 
Published: December 2024

Background
Breast cancer is a significant global health issue, responsible for a large number of female cancer deaths. Early detection through breast cancer screening is crucial in reducing mortality rates. However, regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face challenges in identifying breast cancer early, resulting in higher mortality rates and a lower quality of life. Yet, there is a noticeable gap in the literature concerning breast cancer screening. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of breast cancer screening and associated factors among women of reproductive age in SSA.

Methods
A weighted sample of 80,058 reproductive-age women from recent Demographic and Health Surveys in SSA countries was considered for analysis. A multilevel modified Poisson regression model with robust variance was fitted to identify factors associated with breast cancer screening. Four nested models were fitted, and the model with the lowest deviance value was selected. An adjusted prevalence ratio with the corresponding 95% confidence interval was used to measure the strength of the association. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.

Result
The pooled prevalence of breast cancer screening among reproductive-age women in SSA was 11.35% (95% CI: 11.14%, 11.56%), with variations ranging from 4.95% (95% CI: 4.61%, 5.30%) in Tanzania to 24.70% (95% CI: 24.06%, 25.33%) in Burkina Faso. Age (20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, 40–44, and 45–49 years), secondary and higher education, wealth index, media exposure, parity, contraceptive use, pregnancy status, breastfeeding status, and visiting a healthcare facility in the last 12 months were identified as significant positive determinants of breast cancer screening. Conversely, being a rural resident and having a primary education level were found to be negative determinants.

Conclusion
This study uncovers a low prevalence of breast cancer screening in SSA countries, despite high associated mortality rates. Emphasizing the significance of targeted interventions, it highlights the crucial need to promote education and awareness regarding the benefits of breast cancer screening, particularly in light of the challenges faced by many women in the region.
Evaluating the safety and effectiveness of α-blockers versus mirabegron for medical expulsive therapy in ureteral calculi: A Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Huilei , Li Xiaoni , Zheng Xiaobo , Cui Yuanshan , Huang Jing , Cheng Yan 
Published: December 2024

Introduction and aim
The main categories of drugs employed for medical expulsive therapy in patients with ureteral calculi (UC) are alpha-blockers (α-B) and beta-adrenoceptor agonists. This meta-analysis evaluated the safety and effectiveness of α-B versus mirabegron (MIR) in treating UC.

Methods
From January 1980 to October 2024, we extensively searched the Pubmed, Web of science, Cochrane and EMBASE databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effectiveness of α-B and MIR in managing UC. Furthermore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out.

Results
The meta-analysis included six publications with 592 patients, comparing α-B with MIR. The stone expulsion rate (SER) was found to be significantly greater in the α-B group than in the MIR group, as indicated by an odds ratio (OR) of 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 to 2.16, P = 0.03) in the meta-analysis. However, no significant differences were found between the α-B group and the MIR group for stone expulsion time (SET) (mean difference [MD]: 1.20; 95% CI, -2.71 to 5.10; P = 0.55), pain episodes (PE) (MD: 0.36; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.76; P = 0.07), or analgesic requirements (MD: 0.79; 95% CI, -0.37 to 1.94; P = 0.18). The α-B group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of adverse events compared to the MIR group for orthostatic hypotension (OR 12.16, 95% CI 3.36 to 43.95, P = 0.0001), headache (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.41 to 8.49, P = 0.007), and retrograde ejaculation (OR 16.30, 95% CI 5.87 to 45.31, P < 0.00001). While in the dizziness (OR 1.65, 95% CI 0.67 to 4.09, p = 0.28), it made no difference.

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis identified a substantial enhancement in the SER among patients with UC who received α-B therapy instead of those who were administered MIR therapy. Nonetheless, α-B therapy was connected to an increased risk of adverse events.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO, ID CRD42024595934.
Global burden of cardiovascular disease mortality attributable to secondhand smoke, 1990–2019: Systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Dong Juan , Ma Xumin , Hu Xingxin , Yan Mengmeng 
Published: December 2024

Background
Few studies have globally assessed the cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality burden attributable to secondhand smoke. We aimed to address this research gap.

Methods
We used a systematic analysis design using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Our primary outcome measures were the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for CVD attributable to secondhand smoke. The annual average percentage change (AAPC) was utilized to describe the temporal trends of ASMR and DALYs.

Results
From 1990 to 2019, global ASMR for CVD due to secondhand smoke decreased from 11.45 (95% CI: 9.47 to 13.42) to 7.43 (95% CI: 6.09 to 8.85), and DALYs decreased from 274.12 (95% CI: 225.36 to 322.20) to 176.93 (95% CI: 145.21 to 211.28). ASMR and DALYs attributable to secondhand smoke are on the rise in 47 countries, with 18 of these countries experiencing increases across both genders and all cardiovascular subtypes. Uzbekistan, Lesotho, and the Philippines have the highest AAPC for CVD due to secondhand smoke in ASMR and DALYs. Specifically, Uzbekistan’s overall ASMR AAPC is 2.2 (95%CI: 2.1–2.3), Lesotho’s is 1.3 (95%CI: 1.2–1.3), and the Philippines’ is 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0–1.2). In terms of DALYs, the AAPC values are 1.7 for Uzbekistan (95%CI: 1.7–1.8), 1.4 for Lesotho (95%CI: 1.3–1.5), and 1.8 for the Philippines (95%CI: 1.7–1.9).

Conclusion
Over the past three decades, the epidemiological landscape of CVD mortality associated with secondhand smoke has undergone significant shifts. Notwithstanding global advancements, intensified interventions are paramount in regions experiencing ascending rates.
On the Issue of the Radon Activity of Tectonic Faults on the Qatar Peninsula
Authors: Ulyanov V. Y. , Bilyk V. V. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The paper aims at providing the modern evaluation of radon activity in identified tectonic faults of the earth's crust based on archival data of radon measurements in groundwater which previously have been performed in the northern and eastern parts of the Qatar Peninsula. Methodology. The paper presents an additional extended justification for the application of an innovative technique for these conditions to identify the activity rate of tectonic faults in the rock foundation under the geological conditions of the Qatar Peninsula based on third-party measurements of radon in groundwater and using own universal Evaluation scale. Findings. A modern analysis of previously obtained results of radon measurements in groundwater of the Qatar Peninsula allowed us to suggest the orientation of tectonic fault directions in its northern and eastern parts and to additionally reveal the rate of their radon activity within the peninsula with a preliminary magnitude evaluation of displacement along the faults. A similar assumption was also proposed in the western part of the UAE adjacent to the peninsula, where the Barakah Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) is located. This assumption is based on a certain similarity in the geological and tectonic conditions of the region. Originality. For the first time, the authors proposed the location of tectonic faults within the northern and eastern parts of the Qatar Peninsula according to radonometry performed for other purposes. We estimated their radon activity and the magnitude of movement along the faults. This implies increased safety during the construction and operation of various facilities, including a high degree of responsibility, particularly pipeline systems and transport communications that are important for the country's economy. Practical value. This technique can also be used in seismic monitoring for construction sites and in adjacent territories of other countries where similar explorations have not been conducted before.
El perfil de las montañas reproduce el sonido del viento
Authors: RUIZ MOLTO PAOLA 
Published: December 2024

El artículo presenta una experiencia eco-sensorial bajo una perspectiva A/r/tográfica, integrando conocimiento, aprendizaje y creación en un proceso artístico. La investigación, realizada en la residencia artística KH Messen en los fiordos de Hardanger, Noruega, explora un paisaje helado que inspira un proyecto interdisciplinario. La propuesta combina escultura, paisaje, sonido y prácticas socioambientales, abordando el caminar como resistencia artística y reinterpretación simbólica del espacio habitado. Una intersección entre lo académico y lo creativo, lo objetivo y narración personal. Utilizando el dibujo como metodología para preservar el paisaje y el caminar como experiencia estética, se propone una herramienta educativa para el estudiantado de educación artística en los Grados en Educación Infantil y Primaria. La práctica artística transforma el entorno en un paisaje escultórico sonoro, donde el sonido se convierte en una línea que perfila el contorno de las montañas. Este enfoque sensorial une lo visual y auditivo, revelando la naturaleza a través de una experiencia reflexiva y ecoartística.
Evaluation for results of the treatment with diversities of modality in comminuted sub trochanteric fracture of femur in children
Authors: Mustofa M. Gulam , Bhadra Avishek , Saha Sushmoy , Ahmed Sabbir 
Published: December 2024

Background: The diaphyseal femoral fractures account for around 2% of all pediatric fractures. Treatment includes conservative or surgical methods, but the choice of treatment differs depending on the child's age, fracture pattern, other concomitant fractures and the socioeconomic situation of the family. The study aimed to assess the result of the treatment with a diversity of modality in comminuted sub trochanteric fracture of the femur in paediatric patients.
Methods: This was a prospective randomized comparative study with a prospective follow-up that took place at the department of orthopedics at President Abdul Hamid medical college and hospital, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh from May 2022 to May 2024. The 110 patients with diaphyseal femur fracture and were 0-18 years old were included in the study and 48 participated in the outcome follow-up.
Results: Out of 110 patients 55 were males and 55 females. Conservative treatment was the most common treatment. The mean age of incurring this type of fracture was 7.45 years. Mainly, injury among all kids who fall from above standing level. The majority of the younger children received conservative treatment.
Conclusions: The treatment chosen and the outcomes after a fracture seem to be satisfactory. It is important for future studies to include a large number of patients and to examine not only the clinical outcomes, but also the social and economic aspects.
Comparative study of crossed pinning v/s lateral pinning in paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures
Authors: Sharma Dev Krishan , Solanki Mahendra , Solanki Sunita , E. P. Akshaj 
Published: December 2024

Background: Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning are the preferred management of supracondylar humerus fractures in children, but the preference of pinning pattern needs more research. A prospective comparative interventional study was undertaken to compare the stability of fixation, functional outcome and neurovascular complications between crossed pinning and lateral pinning in Gartland type 2 and type 3 fractures.
Methods: 60 patients of age group 2 to 12 years with Gartland’s type 2 and 3 fracture were randomized into 2 groups- lateral pinning (n=30) and crossed pin fixation (n=30). Intraoperative parameters were compared, post operative ulnar nerve palsy and serial range of motion were assessed. At 3 month follow up, outcome was assessed using Flynn criteria. The results were compared and analysed.
Results: There were 2 cases (3.3%) of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury in crossed pinning group and none in lateral pinning group. Lateral group had more cases with excellent Flynn rating. The mean loss of range of motion and the mean loss of carrying angle was significantly lower for lateral method.
Conclusions: Lateral pinning provides, better functional outcome along with comparable stability without the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury.
Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score comparing functional outcome in 30 anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients with quadriceps, hamstrings and peroneus longus grafts
Authors: Handralmath Sunil , Dudhanale Akshay , Dadhaniya Ravikumar , Wasekar Manish 
Published: December 2024

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are prevalent, affecting 30–78 per 100,000 individuals annually. Graft options include hamstring tendon, bone-patellar-tendon-bone, and quadriceps tendon. Hamstring tendon grafts offer advantages, including less patellofemoral crepitation, anterior knee pain, extension loss, reduced donor site morbidity, and smaller incisions. The peroneus longus tendon graft has gained favor due to fewer knee joint complications. Research shows studies comparing hamstring tendon (HT) and peroneus longus tendon (PLT) grafts revealed no significant differences in pre- and 1-year post-surgery outcomes. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing quadriceps tendon (QT) and HT clinical outcomes found no significant differences in functional outcomes, PROs, laxity testing, or revision rates, although two studies reported higher knee flexor strength in the QT group and greater knee extensor strength in the HT group.
Methods: Authors planned for prospective study in tertiary care government hospital, Solapur from 1 July 2023 to 1 July 2024 with Inclusion criteria of 20-50 years, Intact collateral ligaments, Intact Posterior cruciate ligaments, Playing sports as recreational activity.
Results: 30 cases operated for ACL reconstruction at our institute with three graft choices namely QT, HT, PL and knee osteoarthritis outcome score given at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year with KOOS/symptoms, pain, daily living, sports, quality of life all noted separately and compared within the groups and outside the groups.
Conclusion: To compare functional scores in post operative ACL reconstruction with QT, HT, PL larger volume of sample, longer follow up and more detailed arthroscopy specific scoring system is required.
A comparative prospective study of retrograde nailing versus locked compression plating in distal third femur fractures
Authors: Deepthi Sabavath , Priyanka Mise , Habeeb Fatima Heba , S. Bharath Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Background: Treatment of distal femur fractures is complicated by the fact that the majority of these fractures occur near to transverse neurovascular structures. Present study aimed to assess the outcome in patients undergoing retrograde nailing vs locked compression plating in distal third femur fractures.
Methods: The present prospective study was conducted among all the patients visiting Mamata general hospital Khammam with distal third femur fractures between age 18-80 years during the period of October 2020- September 2022. The patients were treated with retrograde nailing in group and locked compression plating in another group of patients with distal third femur fracture.
Results: On assessment of the clinical outcome during the follow-up period, there is significantly lower clinical outcome score among the patients in the nailing group compared to the plate. Similarly, the radiological scores between the groups, there is significantly higher mean score among the patients in the nail group compared to the plate group.
Conclusions: The present study showed a significant clinical outcome and radiological score among the patients treated with retrograde nailing compared to the patients treated with locking compression plating technique for distal third fracture of femur.