bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors’ Understanding of Friendships: A Qualitative Analysis of ADOS-2 Interview Responses
Authors: Desjardins Leandra , Young Melissa , Hancock Kelly , Lai Meng-Chuan , Bartels Ute , Vorstman Jacob , Barrera Maru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) are at risk of experiencing social competence challenges, but only a limited number of studies have used a qualitative approach to understand their social relationships. We examined PBTS responses to social interview questions within the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd edition (ADOS-2), which includes questions related to their understanding of their own relationships, as well as the construct of friendship more generally.

Methods
Twenty-four PBTS (ages 9–17 years; M = 14.2 years from diagnosis; 50% male; 42% received radiation treatment) completed the ADOS-2. ADOS-2 social interview responses were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Themes were derived using an inductive thematic analysis approach.

Results
PBTS reported that they considered trust, acceptance, respect, emotional support, and spending time together to be important aspects of friendships in general. When describing their own social relationships, some PBTS noted a lack of intimacy or closeness, spending time with their friends almost exclusively at school, with structured activities outside of school being an additional basis for friendship. Challenges to their social relationships included loneliness and reliance on family for social support, experiences of teasing and bullying, social skills deficits, and lack of insight into social situations.

Conclusion
Although PBTS were able to acknowledge many important qualities of friendships in general (e.g., trust, emotional support), these were not necessarily reported in their own friendships. PBTS also appeared to have difficulty identifying whether someone was their friend. These findings offer potential opportunities for supporting PBTS in achieving friendships consistent with their conception of this important relationship.
When multiple logics initiate a butterfly effect: the case of locum tenens physicians in Germany
Authors: Ehlen Ronny , Ruiner Caroline , Wilkesmann Maximiliane , Schulz Lena , Apitzsch Birgit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModern work structures and organizations are often characterized by the simultaneous existence of multiple logics. Research has made profound efforts in describing a wide range of possible responses to different constellations of multiple logics in recent decades. But less is known about the subsequent effects of those responses. Since responses to multiple logics aim to change the initial constellation, they are likely to provoke counter-responses that alter the new constellation. Thus, as butterfly effect, certain strategies in dealing with multiple logics can initiate a series of responses that can lead to a fundamental change in the constellations of logics. The rise and fall of locum tenens physicians in Germany illustrate how series of responses can evolve, increase, and fundamentally alter the given constellation of logics. Thereby, our multi-method study also sheds light on the role of omnipresent actors and raises the question of how the actors can be theorized in a setting of multiple logics.
Parvovirus B19 induces cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts: putative role in systemic sclerosis–associated fibrosis
Authors: Arvia Rosaria , Zakrzewska Krystyna , Giovannelli Lisa , Ristori Sara , Frediani Elena , Del Rosso Mario , Mocali Alessandra , Stincarelli Maria A , Laurenzana Anna , Fibbi Gabriella , Margheri Francesca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
Emerging evidence demonstrates that excessive accumulation of senescent cells is associated with some chronic diseases and suggests a pathogenic role of cellular senescence in fibrotic processes, such as that occurring in ageing or in SSc. Recently we demonstrated that parvovirus B19 (B19V) activates normal human dermal fibroblasts and induces expression of different profibrotic/pro-inflammatory genes. This observation prompted us to investigate whether it is also able to induce fibroblast senescence as a potential pathogenetic mechanism in B19V-induced fibrosis.

Methods
Primary cultures of fibroblasts were infected with B19V and analysed for the acquisition of senescence markers, such as morphological modifications, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, DNA damage response and expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related factors.

Results
We demonstrated that B19V-infected fibroblasts develop typical senescence features such as enlarged and flat-shaped morphology and SA-β-gal activity similar to that observed in SSc skin fibroblasts. They also developed an SASP-like phenotype characterized by mRNA expression and release of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, along with activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB. Moreover, we observed B19V-induced DNA damage with the comet assay: a subpopulation of fibroblasts from B19V-infected cultures showed a significantly higher level of DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage compared with mock-infected cells. An increased level and nuclear localization of γH2AX, a hallmark of DNA damage response, were also found.

Conclusions
B19V-induced senescence and production of SASP-like factors in normal dermal fibroblasts could represent a new pathogenic mechanism of non-productive B19V infection, which may have a role in the fibrotic process.
You’re Too Old for That! Ageism and Prescriptive Stereotypes in the Workplace
Authors: Hanrahan Elizabeth A , Thomas Courtney L , Finkelstein Lisa M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing a vignette-based design, the current study addresses the question of what happens when a worker violates prescriptive age identity stereotypes (i.e., does not act in ways that align with cultural expectations for people in their age group). The study extends prior research by including a mixed adhering-violating condition, investigating the effects of prescriptive stereotype violation on the application of descriptive age stereotypes, and examining the role of negative affect (a composite of frustration, irritation, and annoyance) as a mediating mechanism in the prescriptive stereotyping process. Results indicate that violators of prescriptive age stereotypes are perceived more negatively in terms of warmth, competence, and desire for workplace interactions. Exhibiting some adhering and some violating behaviors largely did not lessen the effects of violation. The idea that some descriptive age stereotypes would be applied less often to violators did receive some support. Frustration was shown to be a useful mechanism for explaining prescriptive stereotyping effects, but the general absence of age of participant effects raises new questions regarding the role of expectancy violation in this process. Taken together, these findings offer an extension of the research on prescriptive age stereotypes to the workplace context, show that there can be a cost to violating prescriptive age stereotypes, and provide insight into potential mechanisms. We provide several suggestions for expanding this work, including the consideration of the intersection of age with other identity groups and ways to explore the roles of expectancy violations and perceived subjective age in the prescriptive stereotyping process.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Pediatric Surgical Patients Amid the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City
Authors: Price Jerri C. , Lee Jennifer J. , Ing Caleb , Li Guohua , Narula Jacquelin , Clark Mary K. , Stylianos Steven , Whittington Robert A. , Levy Richard J. , Sun Lena S. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
New York State implemented an 11-week elective surgery ban in response to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, during which pediatric patients from the 10 New York Presbyterian network hospitals requiring urgent or emergent surgical procedures were cared for at Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital (MSCH).

Materials and Methods:
Data was abstracted from the electronic medical record of all patients aged 0 to 20 years who had surgery at MSCH from March 23, 2020 to June 7, 2020. Comparative analysis of demographic and clinical data elements between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive and negative cohorts was conducted using the Fisher exact tests.

Results:
A total of 505 surgical procedures were performed in 451 patients, with 32 procedures (6.3%) performed in 21 SARS-CoV-2-positive children. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in Medicaid beneficiaries was more than twice the prevalence in commercially insured (6.8% vs. 2.6%, P=0.04) children. SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were more likely to undergo multiple surgical procedures (23.8% vs. 7.2%, P=0.02), and to have higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class designations (69.8% III to V vs. 47.4% I to II, P=0.03). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity across sex, age, race, or ethnicity groups, or in emergent case status or surgical procedure type. Thirty-day mortality rate was <0.1% overall, with no deaths in the SARS-CoV-2-positive group.

Conclusions:
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, we found a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in urgent/emergent pediatric surgical patients compared with other institutions in the United States. SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were more likely to be Medicaid beneficiaries, were clinically more complex, and had more surgical procedures.
Qualitative Study of Health Care Providers' Uptake of the Project Extension for Community Health Outcomes for Chronic Pain
Authors: Page M. Gabrielle , Develay Élise , Simard Paul , Parent Jocelyne , Tremblay Nicole , Boulanger Aline 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
There is an enormous need for pain education among all health care professions before and after licensure. The study goal was to explore generic and chronic pain–specific factors that influenced uptake of a continuous education program for chronic pain, the Project Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) CHUM Douleur chronique.

Methods:
The study team conducted 20 semistructured virtual interviews among participants of the program. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and two analysts used a reflexive thematic analysis approach to generate study themes.

Results:
Five aspects facilitating engagement, continued participation, and uptake of the Project ECHO were identified: rapid access to reliable information, appraising one's knowledge, cultivating meaningful relationships, breaking the silos of learning and practice, and exponential possibilities of treatment orchestrations for a complex condition with no cure. Although participants' experiences of the program was positive overall, some obstacles to engagement and continued participation were identified: heterogeneity of participants' profiles, feelings of powerlessness and discouragement in the face of complex incurable pain conditions, challenges in applying recommendations, medical hierarchy, and missed opportunity for advocacy.

Discussion:
Many disease-specific and contextual factors contributed to an increased motivation to participate in the ECHO program. Some elements, such as the complexity of diagnosis and treatment, and the multidisciplinary requirements to manage cases were identified as elements motivating one's participation in the program but also acting as a barrier to knowledge uptake. These must be understood in the broader systemic challenges of the current health care system and lack of resources to access allied health care.
Renin–Angiotensin System Blocker in COVID-19. A Single Center Study.
Authors: Job Riya , Abdul Qader Mohamed , Torres Pedro , Al Abbasi Baher , Dewaswala Nakeya , Abdallah Ahmed , Chen Kai , Pino Jesus E. , Chait Robert D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Early during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, concerns were raised regarding potential adverse outcomes in patients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). These concerns were based on animal studies showing increased ACE-2 expression in mice treated with ACEI/ARB. This is a single-center, retrospective, cohort study of 289 patients diagnosed with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) hospitalized between March of 2020 and June of 2020. The study was intended to investigate the impact of ACEIs and/or ARBs on in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, postadmission hemodialysis requirement, and the need for mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19. This cohort of 289 patients included 139 of 289 women (48%) with a mean age of 61 ± 19 years. Patients using ACEIs/ARBs were older (69.68 vs. 57.9 years; P < 0.0001), more likely to have a history of hypertension (97% vs. 36%; P < 0.0001), diabetes mellitus (48% vs. 20.9%; P < 0.0001), chronic heart failure (11.39% vs. 4.29%; P < 0.0512), coronary artery disease (20.25% vs. 7.14%; P < 0.0025), stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack (7.59% vs. 2.38%; P < 0.0761), chronic kidney disease (11.39% vs. 3.33%; P < 0.0167), atrial fibrillation/flutter (18.99% vs. 7.14%; P < 0.0080), and dementia (22.7% vs. 11.4%; P < 0.0233) compared with the nonuser group. There was significantly higher in-hospital mortality in patients using ACEIs/ARBs than nonusers, respectively (32.9% vs. 15.2%; P < 0.0015). However, a multivariate logistics regression analysis performed to adjust for common confounders demonstrated no significant difference in all-cause in-patient mortality (P 0.7141). Admission to ICU, postadmission hemodialysis requirement, and mechanical ventilation showed no significant differences between the 2 groups (P = NS). This study suggests that the use of ACEIs and ARBs in patients with COVID-19 was not found to significantly increase all-cause in-hospital mortality, ICU admissions, and hemodialysis and mechanical ventilation requirements.
Pinitol Protects Against Ox-Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Endothelial Inflammation and Monocytes Attachment
Authors: Chen Xiao-Hong , Tan Yu , Yu ShuQin , Lu Lijun , Deng Youqing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease that affects a majority of people around the world at old age. Atherosclerosis is slow to develop and challenging to treat. Endothelial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and other pathological factors drives the process of atherogenesis. LOX-1 is one of the main scavenging receptors for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and contributes to atherogenesis by inducing overproduction of reactive oxygen species, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and secretion of cellular adhesion molecules. In addition, activation of LOX-1 inhibits the expression of KLF2, a key protective factor against atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of pinitol, and naturally occurring cyclic polyol, on endothelial dysfunction induced by ox-LDL. Our findings show that pinitol revealed a good safety profile, as evidenced by reducing lactate dehydrogenase release in human aortic endothelial cells. In our experiments, pinitol reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and expression of IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induced by ox-LDL. Pinitol also significantly reduced the attachment of THP-1 monocytes to endothelial cells via downregulation of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin. Importantly, we found that pinitol reduced the expression of LOX-1 induced by ox-LDL and rescued the expression of KLF2, which is dependent on ERK5 expression. Together, our findings provide notable evidence that pinitol may have potential implication in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Long-term neuropathic pain behaviors correlate with synaptic plasticity and limbic circuit alteration: a comparative observational study in mice
Authors: Guida Francesca , Iannotta Monica , Misso Gabriella , Ricciardi Flavia , Boccella Serena , Tirino Virginia , Falco Michela , Desiderio Vincenzo , Infantino Rosmara , Pieretti Gorizio , de Novellis Vito , Papaccio Gianpaolo , Luongo Livio , Caraglia Michele , Maione Sabatino 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Neuropathic pain has long-term consequences in affective and cognitive disturbances, suggesting the involvement of supraspinal mechanisms. In this study, we used the spared nerve injury (SNI) model to characterize the development of sensory and aversive components of neuropathic pain and to determine their electrophysiological impact across prefrontal cortex and limbic regions. Moreover, we evaluated the regulation of several genes involved in immune response and inflammation triggered by SNI. We showed that SNI led to sensorial hypersensitivity (cold and mechanical stimuli) and depressive-like behavior lasting 12 months after nerve injury. Of interest, changes in nonemotional cognitive tasks (novel object recognition and Y maze) showed in 1-month SNI mice were not evident normal in the 12-month SNI animals. In vivo electrophysiology revealed an impaired long-term potentiation at prefrontal cortex-nucleus accumbens core pathway in both the 1-month and 12-month SNI mice. On the other hand, a reduced neural activity was recorded in the lateral entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus pathway in the 1-month SNI mice, but not in the 12-month SNI mice. Finally, we observed the upregulation of specific genes involved in immune response in the hippocampus of 1-month SNI mice, but not in the 12-month SNI mice, suggesting a neuroinflammatory response that may contribute to the SNI phenotype. These data suggest that distinct brain circuits may drive the psychiatric components of neuropathic pain and pave the way for better investigation of the long-term consequences of peripheral nerve injury for which most of the available drugs are to date unsatisfactory.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome linked to tramadol use and ultraviolet radiation
Authors: McKinley Blake J. , Parkinson J. Scott 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a cutaneous reaction characterized by necrosis and epidermal detachment, commonly triggered by medications. Tramadol rarely causes SJS, and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has limited recognition as being linked to SJS presentations.

Patient concerns:
A previously healthy 18-year-old female presented to the emergency department with what she believed to be a severe sunburn. Five days prior, she was exposed to extensive sun exposure while swimming all day at a lake. The following day, she developed a rash on her shoulders, which became widespread, extending to the palms of her hands and soles of her feet, and eventually involved her oral and ocular mucosa. At the time of hospital admission, the rash had progressed to form vesicles/bullae with skin sloughing and a positive Nikolsky sign, bleeding ulcers throughout the oral mucosa, and bilateral conjunctival hyperemia with purulent discharge.

Diagnosis:
The patient reported no medication use apart from a single dose of tramadol 7 to 10 days prior to rash onset. Given the clinical presentation and histopathological findings that were consistent with SJS, a diagnosis of SJS was made. The nature of this patient's rash onset, character, and progression suggests that UVR precipitated the event in conjunction with tramadol as the causative agent.

Interventions:
The patient received fluid resuscitation and was transferred via air ambulance to a trauma and burn center to receive treatment.

Outcomes:
Complete resolution of the patient's cutaneous and oral mucosal lesions occurred 4 weeks after discharge; however, hypopigmentation was evident in areas where cutaneous re-epithelialization had occurred. The patient was advised to strictly avoid the use of tramadol and limit her exposure to UVR.

Lesson:
Physicians should be aware that tramadol may cause SJS and that UVR may precipitate SJS in patients taking tramadol. Rapid diagnosis of SJS and transfer to a trauma or burn center improves patient outcomes.
A Retrospective analysis of four cases of pacemaker exit block
Authors: Guo QiFeng , Kuang DeJun , Xu XiangLin , Guo Ling 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Exit block has been defined as a delay or failure of a pacemaker impulse to discharge the surrounding myocardium, including atrial and ventricular pacemaker exit blocks. The present report analyzed the etiology and electrocardiogram characteristics of pacemaker exit blocks, providing ideas for its diagnosis and treatment.

Patient concerns:
The patients in cases 1 and 2 sought medical advice for symptoms such as palpitations, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Both the patients had a dual-chamber pacemaker implant due to sick sinus syndrome Patients in cases 3 and 4 sought medical advice for symptoms such as chest tightness, chest pain, and dizziness. Both patients had a single-chamber ventricular pacemaker implant due to third-degree atrioventricular block.

Diagnosis:
Considering the symptoms and prolonged latency of atrial pacing, Cases 1 and 2 were diagnosed as first-degree atrial pacemaker exit blocks. Case 3 presented prolonged ventricular pacing latency, diagnosed as first-degree ventricular pacemaker exit block. Case 4 presented prolonged ventricular pacing latency and partial loss of capture diagnosed as second-degree ventricular pacemaker exit block.

Interventions:
In case 1, the patient required no treatment. In case 2, the AV interval was adjusted to ensure sequential pacing of the atrioventricular. In case 3, the serum potassium level was lowered. In case 4, the patient refused further treatment.

Outcomes:
In case 1, the patient had no discomfort, and the follow-up electrocardiogram was unchanged. The symptoms improved after treatment in case 2. After 1 year, the patient had no discomfort, and the follow-up electrocardiogram was similar to that before. In case 3, the exit block disappeared after lowering the serum potassium level. The pacemaker worked normally after 1 year of follow-up. In case 4, the exit block disappeared half an hour after the chest pain was relieved. The patient was lost to follow-up.

Conclusion:
A first-degree atrial pacemaker exit block may be misdiagnosed as atrial pacing dysfunction. This can be identified using the programming control of a pacemaker. For exit block of ventricular pacing, eliminating the cause of the disease is usually the most effective measure, and if necessary, a temporary pacemaker should be implanted.