bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China-India contemporary relations: Geopolitical challenges to the small states in South Asia
Authors: Pulami Manish Jung 
Published: December 2021

Background: The two Asian giants, India and China, have shown unprecedented growth and development in recent decades. As neighbours, the bilateral relationship between the two countries has experienced turbulences, even wars, but their trade and economic relations date centuries back. These characteristics of cooperation and conflict between India and China as they aspire to become major powers globally have tuned up the competitiveness, which has further engaged them with collaborations in some areas, conflicts and contestations in others. This unique relation with antagonistic cooperation has implications for South Asian states, including India and other small states. Methods: Thus, realising the research gap of future repercussions on the region and hypothesising that the contemporary China-India relations not only have consequences on each other but also brings challenges to the small states in South Asia, the paper primarily focuses on current China-India relations and the geopolitical challenges to the South Asian small states. Hence, it is crucial to comprehend ‘What is the nature and pattern of contemporary China-India relations?’ and ‘What are the geopolitical challenges to the small states because of this unforeseen relation?’ The study revisits the historical relationship between India and China to examine the trend of collaborations and contestations between the two. The paper also discusses the increasing forays of China into South Asia and the deepening US-India relationship to counter those looming Chinese influences. Results: Notably, the research identifies the geopolitical challenges for other South Asian small states because of those fluctuations in the relationship and recommends strategies for the small states in South Asia to avert the increasing geopolitical challenges, generalising the challenges for the small states evolving due to the major power politics in different parts of the world.
Stage 2 Registered Report: How responsibility attributions to self and others relate to outcome ownership in group decisions
Authors: Jaquiery Matt , El Zein Marwa 
Published: December 2021

Background: Responsibility judgements have important consequences in human society. Previous research focused on how someone's responsibility determines the outcome they deserve, for example, whether they are rewarded or punished. Here, in a pre-registered study (Stage 1 Registered Report: https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16480.2), we investigate the opposite link: How outcome ownership influences responsibility attributions in a social context. Methods: In an online study, participants in a group of three perform a majority vote decision-making task between gambles that can lead to a reward or no reward. Only one group member receives the outcome and participants evaluate their and the other players' responsibility for the obtained outcome. Results: We found that outcome ownership increases responsibility attributions even when the control over an outcome is similar. Moreover, ownership had an effect on the valence bias: participants’ higher responsibility attributions for positive vs negative outcomes was stronger for players who received the outcome. Finally, this effect was more pronounced when people rated their own responsibility as compared to when they were rating another’s player responsibility. Conclusions: The findings of this study reveal how credit attributions can be biased toward particular individuals who receive outcomes as a result of collective work, both when people judge their own and someone else’s responsibility.
Od folkloru do literatury i z powrotem. Rzecz o wzajemnych inspiracjach folkloru i literatury
Authors: Gołębiowska-Suchorska Agnieszka 
Published: December 2021

Recenzja: Pesni literaturnogo proiskhozhdeniya v fol’klore Kemerovskoy oblasti: Khrestomatiya, sostavleniye, predisloviye, primechaniya Viktorii Viktorovny Trubitsynoy, Izdatel’stvo Sitall, Krasnoyarsk 2020.
Adaptive thermal refocusing system for a high-resolution space camera
Authors: Li Weiyan , Lv Qunbo , Zhao Na , Wang Jianwei , Liu Yangyang , Zheng Tan 
Published: December 2021

To solve the problem of camera imaging quality degradation caused by defocusing during on-orbit operation, we propose an adaptive thermal refocusing system for high-resolution space cameras—the system comprising active and passive thermal refocusing. Using a space camera with a Ritchey–Chretien optical system as an example, the secondary mirror assembly was determined to be a passive thermal refocusing system, the primary mirror assembly being an active thermal refocusing system. We analyzed the system through structure/thermal/optics performance simulation when temperature variation

Δ
T

was 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C; thermal vacuum experiments verified that the axial displacement of the active system was 0.0032, 0.0061, and 0.0090 mm, and the passive system was 0.00015, 0.00030, and 0.00069 mm, respectively. The data demonstrated the adaptive refocusing system theory to be consistent with the simulations and experiment, exhibiting high stability and reliability.
Accelerating parallel data processing using optically tightly coupled FPGAs
Authors: Mizutani Kenji , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Urino Yutaka , Koibuchi Michihiro 
Published: December 2021

A cutting-edge field programmable gate array (FPGA) card can be equipped with high-bandwidth inputs and outputs by high-density optical integration, e.g., onboard Si-photonics transceivers or co-packaged optics. It is possible to implement highly parallel data processing by using tightly coupled FPGAs. We previously proposed a lightweight, fully connected inter-FPGA network called OPTWEB for efficient collective communications. OPTWEB discards the traditional packet communication mechanism and introduces dedicated memory processing to minimize communication overhead. In this paper, we provide the design guidelines for a parallel data application on FPGAs connected by OPTWEB. We then present a generalized diameter-two hypercube network topology for connecting multiple FPGAs, which enables larger applications. In the guidelines, data to be exchanged should be directly processed by the dedicated memory on each FPGA, and parallelism should be implemented to match the collective communications provided by OPTWEB. We illustrate two case studies, one on parallel counting sort and the other on sharing averaged parameters, on eight custom Stratix10 MX2100 FPGA cards with 800 Gbps network bandwidth. The parallel counting sort operates up to 5.3 times faster than a comparable CPU cluster with the conventional InfiniBand network, and with sharing averaged parameters, up to 250 times faster operation is achieved. The two applications utilize a total of 80.1% and 60.6% of the adaptive logic modules of the FPGA, respectively.
Alteration of the corpus callosum in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: Deep learning-based assessment
Authors: Kamal Sadia , Park Ingyu , Kim Yeo Jin , Kim Yun Joong , Lee Unjoo 
Published: December 2021

Background
Several studies have reported changes in the corpus callosum (CC) in Alzheimer’s disease. However, the involved region differed according to the study population and study group. Using deep learning technology, we ensured accurate analysis of the CC in Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods
We used the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) dataset to investigate changes in the CC. The individuals were divided into three groups using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR); 94 normal controls (NC) were not demented (NC group, CDR = 0), 56 individuals had very mild dementia (VMD group, CDR = 0.5), and 17 individuals were defined as having mild and moderate dementia (MD group, CDR = 1 or 2). Deep learning technology using a convolutional neural network organized in a U-net architecture was used to segment the CC in the midsagittal plane. Total CC length and regional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the CC were made.

Results
The total CC length was negatively associated with cognitive function. (beta = -0.139, p = 0.022) Among MRI measurements of the CC, the height of the anterior third (beta = 0.038, p <0.0001) and width of the body (beta = 0.077, p = 0.001) and the height (beta = 0.065, p = 0.001) and area of the splenium (beta = 0.059, p = 0.027) were associated with cognitive function. To distinguish MD from NC and VMD, the receiver operating characteristic analyses of these MRI measurements showed areas under the curves of 0.65–0.74. (total CC length = 0.705, height of the anterior third = 0.735, width of the body = 0.714, height of the splenium = 0.703, area of the splenium = 0.649).

Conclusions
Among MRI measurements, total CC length, the height of the anterior third and width of the body, and the height and area of the splenium were associated with cognitive decline. They had fair diagnostic validity in distinguishing MD from NC and VMD.
Effects of low-dose pirfenidone on survival and lung function decline in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): Results from a real-world study
Authors: Lee Eung Gu , Lee Tae-Hee , Hong Yujin , Ryoo Jiwon , Heo Jung Won , Gil Bo Mi , Kang Hye Seon , Kwon Soon Seog , Kim Yong Hyun 
Published: December 2021

Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology. In several randomized clinical trials, and in the clinical practice, pirfenidone is used to effectively and safely treat IPF. However, sometimes it is difficult to use the dose of pirfenidone used in clinical trials. This study evaluated the effects of low-dose pirfenidone on IPF disease progression and patient survival in the real-world.

Methods
This retrospective, observational study enrolled IPF patients seen at the time of diagnosis at a single center from 2008 to 2018. Longitudinal clinical and laboratory data were prospectively collected. We compared the clinical characteristics, survival, and pulmonary function decline between patients treated and untreated with various dose of pirfenidone.

Results
Of 295 IPF patients, 100 (33.9%) received pirfenidone and 195 (66.1%) received no antifibrotic agent. Of the 100 patients who received pirfenidone, 24 (24%), 50 (50%), and 26 (26%), respectively, were given 600, 1200, and 1800 mg pirfenidone daily. The mean survival time was 57.03 ± 3.90 months in the no-antifibrotic drug group and 73.26 ± 7.87 months in the pirfenidone-treated group (p = 0.027). In the unadjusted analysis, the survival of the patients given pirfenidone was significantly better (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48–0.99, p = 0.04). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and the GAP score [based on gender (G), age (A), and two physiological lung parameters (P)], survival remained better in the patients given pirfenidone (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37–0.85, p = 0.006). In terms of pulmonary function, the decreases in forced vital capacity (%), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%) and the diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (%) were significantly smaller (p = 0.000, p = 0.001, and p = 0.007, respectively) in patients given pirfenidone.

Conclusions
Low-dose pirfenidone provided beneficial effects on survival and pulmonary function decline in the real-world practice.
Olena Haleta, Joanna the Wife of Chuza by Lesya Ukrainka as a New Model of Communication in Modern Ukrainian Literature [Joanna, żona Chuzy Lesi Ukrainki jako nowy model komunikacji w modernistycznej literaturze ukraińskiej]re
Authors: Haleta Olena 
Published: December 2021

This article examines the drama Joanna the Wife of Chuza (1909) by Lesya Ukrainka, who is one of the defining figures in the history of modern Ukrainian literature. This work is considered an example of creating a new communicative model, introducing the poetics of an open work in the Ukrainian literature and establishing a new relationship between writer and audience. The incompleteness of the central image of this work, and therefore of the corresponding behavioral model and worldview, leads to the absence of a plot ending which would be the final solution to the conflict. In this way, Ukrainka establishes a new reading practice, not limited to experiencing the ‘life world’ of the author’s work. As reference to the history of thetext shows, it corresponds to the author’s conscious instruction, with which the composition of the work agrees: the events take place in a special period of time, when the previous story has already ended and the new one has not yet begun (after the crucifixion of Christ, but not after the resurrection). At the same time, the spatial organization of the work emphasizes the position of readers, turning them from interested witnesses to active searchers. The example of Joanna is all the more telling because it undermines the hegemony of the novel in twentieth-century literature and draws attention to literary forms that correspond to a particular literary situation, especially that of ‘submerged population groups’ (Frank O’Connor). The change introduced by Lesya Ukrainka at the level of a separate work is also a change within the genre as a way of communicating between an author and a reader; it is also a change in the very notion of literature as a certain type of aesthetic experience and as a culturally established way of cognitive and rhetorical response to a certain type of situation.
Radioactive nuclei forβ+γPET and theranostics: selected candidates
Authors: Matulewicz Tomasz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) is an established medical diagnostic imaging method. Continuous improvements are aimed at refining image reconstruction, reducing the amount of radioactive tracer and combining with targeted therapy. Time-of-flight (TOF)-PET provides the localization of the tracer through improved time resolution, nuclear physics may contribute to this goal via selection of radioactive nuclei emitting additional γ-rays. This additional radiation, when properly detected, localizes the decay of the tracer at the line of response (LoR) determined by two detected 511 keV quanta. Selected candidates are presented. Some are particularly interesting, as they are strong candidates for theranostic applications.
Updated picture of SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Mattiuzzi Camilla , Henry Brandon M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The worldwide burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still unremittingly prosecuting, with nearly 300 million infections and over 5.3 million deaths recorded so far since the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic at the end of the year 2019. The fight against this new highly virulent beta coronavirus appears one of the most strenuous and long challenges that humanity has ever faced, since a definitive treatment has not been identified so far. The adoption of potentially useful physical preventive measures such as lockdowns, social distancing and face masking seems only partially effective for mitigating viral spread, though efficacy and continuation of such measures on the long term is questionable, due to many social and economic reasons. Many COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and are now widely used, though their effectiveness is challenged by several aspects such as low uptake and limited efficacy in some specific populations, as well as by continuous emergence of new mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, accompanying the origin and spread of new variants, which in turn may contribute to further decrease the effectiveness of current vaccines and treatments. This article is hence aimed to provide an updated picture of SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations that have emerged from November 2019 to present time (i.e., early December 2021).
Techno-economic analysis and design of hybrid renewable energy microgrid for rural electrification
Authors: Muleta Negasa , Badar Altaf Q H 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectricity is the most sought after resource in this world and is crucial for the development of any community. The power system structure has been changing according to the evolving scientific technologies. A novel concept in this direction is a Microgrid (MG) which is a small power system having generation and distribution with negligible presence of transmission. A MG can operate in off-grid (standalone) or grid-connected mode. The objective of this study is to perform techno-economic analysis and to design a MG model for the purpose of rural electrification. The region being considered has different resources which are capable of providing reliable supply to the load. The proposed model is compared economically with the option of grid extension. The study considers power system reliability and economic feasibility as the primary objectives for MG modelling. The village of Jarre which is located in the eastern part of Ethiopian, Somali region, is selected for this study. Particle Swarm Optimization is implemented for obtaining the most economic and reliable MG having Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources (HRES). The simulation is performed using MATLAB and Homer.
Geochemical characterization of the source rock intervals, Beni-Suef Basin, West Nile Valley, Egypt
Authors: Edress Nader A. A. , Darwish Saudy , Ismail Amir 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Geochemical and lithological investigations in the WON C-3X well record five organic-matter-rich intervals (OMRIs) of effective source rocks. These OMRIs correspond to moderate and good potentials. Two of these intervals occurred within the L-Kharita member of the Albian age represent 60.97% of the entire Albian thickness. The rest of OMRIs belongs to the Abu-Roash G and F members of the Late Cenomanian–Santonian age comprising 17.52 and 78.66% of their total thickness, respectively. The calculated heat flow of the studied basin is high within the range of 90.1–95.55 mW/m2 from shallower Abu-Roash F to deeper L-Kharita members. This high-heat flow is efficient for shallowing in the maximum threshold expulsion depth in the studied well to 2,000 m and active source rock depth limit to 2,750 m. Thermal maturity and burial history show that the source rock of L-Kharita entered the oil generation from 97 Ma till the late oil stage of 7.5 Ma, whereas the younger Abu-Roash G and F members have entered oil generation since 56 Ma and not reached peak oil yet. Hence, the source rock intervals from Abu-Roash F and G are promising for adequate oil generation.
miR-515-3p, miR-623, miR-1272 and Notch3 protein as new biomarkers of Hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Asefy Zahra , Hoseinnejhad Sirus , Eftekhari Aziz , Shoukuhi Behrooz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Backgrounds
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a diversity of hepatocellular neoplasms and is more prevalence in people with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. It has been revealed that modification in miRNA regulation possibly will be elaborated in HCC pathogenesis.

Materials and methods
In this research 40 samples of HCC subjects and 40 samples of healthy liver were considered. Total RNA was obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and miR-515, miR-623 and miR-1272 gene expression levels were quantified by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR. Likewise, the Notch protein quantity was assayed in ffpe materials by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Our study disclosed that Notch protein deals was ominously elevated in cancer cells than healthy cells (p<0.05). Data analysis also displayed that miR-515, miR-623 and miR-1272 expression levels were 3.8, 4.7, and 2.9 fold in normal tissues, respectively (p<0.05). Furthermore, it was found that expression levels of these genes are not dependent by hepatitis B and hepatic cirrhosis and it could be used as a marker of high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of HCC.

Discussions
Our study demonstrated main role of miR-515, miR-623 and miR-1272 in HCC pathogenesis and similarly disclosed that these genes expression could be utilized in HCC prognosis.
Plasmapheresis: Is it a potential alternative treatment for chronic urticaria?
Authors: Aleksandraviciute Laima , Malinauskiene Laura , Cerniauskas Kestutis , Chomiciene Anzelika 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Chronic urticaria is a common disease. Plasmapheresis is an alternative treatment that can be appropriate for patients who are resistant to treatment with 2nd generation antihistamines or for whom treatment with omalizumab is unsuitable.

Objective
To investigate the effect of plasmapheresis treatment in chronic urticaria.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed based on the data of 98 patients suffering from refractory chronic urticaria who received plasmapheresis as an alternative treatment in Vilnius University’s Hospital Santaros Clinics from 2000 to 2020. The efficiency of the treatment was evaluated by clinical judgment.

Results
58.2% of the patients exhibited a complete or significant response; of these, 37.8% had temporary relief of symptoms and 20.4% achieved disease remission; 41.8% showed no response to the plasmapheresis. Men (34.8%) had a tendency to achieve disease remission more often than women (16%) (p < 0.05). One patient did not finish the plasmapheresis treatment due to the symptoms’ exacerbation and treatment with omalizumab was initiated.

Conclusion
Plasmapheresis is a safe and effective alternative treatment when traditional treatment is unavailable or does not relieve symptoms completely. Our data showed that plasmapheresis was effective in more than half of our patients.
Controlling asymmetric transmission phase in planar chiral metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Ranran , Zhao Qiuling , Wang Xia , Lau Kai Ming , Yung Tsz Kit , Li Jensen , Tam Wing Yim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetasurfaces with ultrathin artificial structures have attracted much attention because of their unprecedented capability in light manipulations. The recent development of metasurfaces with controllable responses opens up new opportunities in various applications. Moreover, metasurfaces composed of twisted chiral structures can generate asymmetric responses for opposite incidence, leading to more degrees of freedom in wave detections and controls. However, most past studies had focused on the amplitude responses, not to mention using bi-directional phase responses, in the characterization and light manipulation of chiral metasurfaces. Here, we report a birefringent interference approach to achieve a controllable asymmetric bi-directional transmission phase from planar chiral metasurface by tuning the orientation of the metasurface with respect to the optical axis of an add-on birefringent substrate. To demonstrate our approach, we fabricate planar Au sawtooth nanoarray metasurface and measure the asymmetric transmission phase of the metasurface placed on a birefringent sapphire crystal slab. The Au sawtooth metasurface-sapphire system exhibits large oscillatory behavior for the asymmetric transmission phase with the tuning parameter. We confirm our experimental results by Jones matrix calculations using data obtained from full-wave simulations for the metasurface. Our approach in the characterization and light manipulation of metasurfaces with controllable responses is simple and nondestructive, enabling new functionalities and potential applications in optical communication, imaging, and remote sensing.