bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory coding in honeybees
Authors: Paoli Marco , Galizia Giovanni C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
With less than a million neurons, the western honeybee Apis mellifera is capable of complex olfactory behaviors and provides an ideal model for investigating the neurophysiology of the olfactory circuit and the basis of olfactory perception and learning. Here, we review the most fundamental aspects of honeybee’s olfaction: first, we discuss which odorants dominate its environment, and how bees use them to communicate and regulate colony homeostasis; then, we describe the neuroanatomy and the neurophysiology of the olfactory circuit; finally, we explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to olfactory memory formation. The vastity of histological, neurophysiological, and behavioral data collected during the last century, together with new technological advancements, including genetic tools, confirm the honeybee as an attractive research model for understanding olfactory coding and learning.
Excavation and Conveying Technologies for Space Applications
Authors: Höber Dominik , Taschner Andreas , Fimbinger Eric 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA rising number of companies and organisations are researching space technologies supporting extraterrestrial life. Whether Moon or Mars, the number of rocket launches is increasing year by year. The majority of National Space Agencies are planning exploration missions with fully autonomous robots, which can conduct several studies about the composition of the lunar dust. Especially the extraction of oxygen from the moon dust, called regolith, is of great interest. Also many other projects are planned. But the initial step of all processes is often forgotten: it is the supply of raw materials. Therefore, a closer look at the possibilities of excavating and conveying regolith has been taken. The research ranges from concept development, calculation to simulation and designing a robotic system.
CancerSupportSource®-15+: development and evaluation of a short form of a distress screening program for cancer patients and survivors
Authors: Zaleta Alexandra K. , McManus Shauna , Fortune Erica E. , DeRosa Branlyn W. , Buzaglo Joanne S. , Olson Julie S. , Goldberger Sara , Miller Melissa F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
CancerSupportSource® (CSS) is a distress screening program implemented at community-based organizations and hospitals nationwide. The 25-item CSS assesses distress across five domains, with capacity to screen for clinically significant depression and anxiety. This study examined psychometric properties of a shortened form to enhance screening opportunities when staff or patient burden considerations are significant.

Methods
Development and validation were completed in multiple phases. Item reduction decisions were made with 1436 cancer patients by assessing external/internal item quality and judging theoretical and practical implications of items. Pearson correlations and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on a separate sample of 957 patients to corroborate psychometric properties and dimensionality of the shortened scale. Nonparametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses determined scoring thresholds for depression and anxiety risk scales.

Results
Scale refinement resulted in a 15-item short form plus one screening item assessing tobacco and substance use (CSS-15+). At least two items from each CSS domain were retained to preserve multidimensionality. In confirmatory analysis, the model explained 59% of the variance and demonstrated good fit. Correlation between CSS-15+ and 25-item CSS was 0.99, p < 0.001. Sensitivity of 2-item depression and 2-item anxiety risk scales in the confirmatory sample were 0.82 and 0.83, respectively.

Conclusions
CSS-15+ is a brief, reliable, and valid multidimensional measure of distress. The measure retained excellent internal consistency (α = 0.94) and a stable factor structure. CSS-15+ is a practical and efficient screening tool for distress and risk for depression and anxiety among cancer patients and survivors, particularly in community-based settings.
Cardiovascular fingolimod effects on rapid baroreceptor unloading are counterbalanced by baroreflex resetting
Authors: Hilz Max J. , Roy Sankanika , de Rojas Leal Carmen , Liu Mao , Canavese Francesca , Winder Klemens , Hoesl Katharina M. , Lee De-Hyung , Linker Ralf A. , Wang Ruihao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeInitial cardiovascular fingolimod effects might compromise baroreflex responses to rapid blood pressure (BP) changes during common Valsalva-like maneuvers. This study evaluated cardiovascular responses to Valsalva maneuver (VM)-induced baroreceptor unloading and loading upon fingolimod initiation.Patients and methodsTwenty-one patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis performed VMs before and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after fingolimod initiation. We recorded heart rate (HR) as RR intervals (RRI), systolic and diastolic BP (BPsys, BPdia) during VM phase 1, VM phase 2 early, VM phase 2 late, and VM phase 4. Using linear regression analysis between decreasing BPsys and RRI values during VM phase 2 early, we determined baroreflex gain (BRG) reflecting vagal withdrawal and sympathetic activation upon baroreceptor unloading. To assess cardiovagal activation upon baroreceptor loading, we calculated Valsalva ratios (VR) between maximal and minimal RRIs after strain release. Analysis of variance or Friedman tests with post hoc analysis compared corresponding parameters at the eight time points (significance:p < 0.05).ResultsRRIs at VM phase 1, VM phase 2 early, and VM phase 2 late were higher after than before fingolimod initiation, and maximal after 4 hours. Fingolimod did not affect the longest RRIs upon strain release, but after 3, 5, and 6 hours lowered the highest BPsys values during overshoot and all BPdia values, and thus reduced VRs. BRG was slightly higher after 3 and 5 hours, and significantly higher after 4 hours than before fingolimod initiation.ConclusionsVR-decreases 3–6 hours after fingolimod initiation are physiologic results of fingolimod-associated attenuations of BP and HR increases at the end of strain and do not suggest impaired cardiovagal activation upon baroreceptor loading. Stable and at the time of HR nadir significantly increased BRGs indicate improved responses to baroreceptor unloading. Thus, cardiovascular fingolimod effects do not impair autonomic responses to sudden baroreceptor loading or unloading but seem to be mitigated by baroreflex resetting.
A scoping review of the nature of physiotherapists’ role to avoid fall in people with Parkinsonism
Authors: Alatawi Salem F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is considered a neurological disease with a high prevalence rate among population. One of its main problems is recurrent fall which has numerous contributing factors such as history of fall, fear of falling, gait deficits, impaired balance, poor functional mobility, and muscle weakness.

Objective
To review and explore the focus/nature of interventions which target the role of physiotherapy preventing fall in patients with PD.

Method
A scoping review was led dependent on Arksey and O’Malley as discussed by Wood et al. (2002). This paper based on this structure to perceive intervention studies have been embraced in physiotherapy to prevent fall after Parkinson’s disease. The search included various databases. The referencing arrangements of every pertinent paper were additionally filtered for more studies.

Findings
A total of 173 articles were included, 39 of which met the eligibility criteria. Fifteen studies reported on the direct impact of physiotherapy on fall, while the rest examined the impacts of physiotherapy on factors that are associated with fall. Different outcomes, interventions types, and duration were used in these studies. Findings showed a favorable result of physiotherapy on fall and near fall incidence, balance, gait, functional mobility, muscle strength, and fear of falling.

Conclusion
Physiotherapy has the possibility to decrease fall incidence and fall risk in people with PD. However, the heterogeneity in the patients’ selection, intervention studies, outcome measures chosen, time since the onset of disease, variation in intensity, and duration of treatment between included studies make the comparisons difficult. Consequently, more studies are needed on best intervention.
The impact of lockdown during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: Manini Arianna , Brambilla Michela , Maggiore Laura , Pomati Simone , Pantoni Leonardo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
During Covid-19 pandemic, the Italian government adopted restrictive limitations and declared a national lockdown on March 9, which lasted until May 4 and produced dramatic consequences on people’s lives. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of prolonged lockdown on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).

Methods
Between April 30 and June 8, 2020, we interviewed with a telephone-based questionnaire the caregivers of the community-dwelling patients with dementia who had their follow-up visit scheduled from March 9 to May 15 and canceled due to lockdown. Among the information collected, patients’ BPSDs were assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Non-parametric tests to compare differences between NPI scores over time and logistic regression models to explore the impact of different factors on BPSD worsening were performed.

Results
A total of 109 visits were canceled and 94/109 caregivers completed the interview. Apathy, irritability, agitation and aggression, and depression were the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms experienced by patients both at baseline and during Covid-19 pandemic. Changes in total NPI and caregiver distress scores between baseline and during lockdown, although statistically significant, were overall modest. The logistic regression model failed to determine predictors of BPSD worsening during lockdown.

Conclusion
This is one of the first studies to investigate the presence of BPSD during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and related nationwide lockdown, showing only slight, likely not clinically relevant, differences in BPSD burden, concerning mostly agitation and aggression, anxiety, apathy and indifference, and irritability.
Understanding the Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Virologic Failure in the Era of Undetectable Equals Untransmittable
Authors: Gunn Jayleen K. L. , Patterson Wendy , Anderson Bridget J. , Swain Carol-Ann 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe “Undetectable = Untransmittable” campaign indicates that persons living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) who maintain a suppressed viral load cannot sexually transmit the virus. However, there is little knowledge of the percent of individuals at a population level who sustain viral suppression long term. The aims of this study were to: (1) establish a baseline of persons living with diagnosed HIV who resided in New York and had consecutive suppressed viral load tests; (2) describe the risk of virologic failure among those who were consecutively suppressed; and (3) gain an understanding of the length of time between consecutive viral suppression to virologic failure. A total of 102,339 New Yorkers aged 13–90 years were living with diagnosed HIV at the beginning of 2012; 47.9% were consecutively suppressed (last two HIV viral load test results from 2010–2011 that were < 420 days apart and < 200 copies/mL). Of consecutively suppressed individuals, 54.3% maintained viral suppression for the entire study period and 33.6% experienced virologic failure during the study period. Among persons who experienced virologic failure, 82.6% did so six or more months after being consecutively suppressed. Our findings support the need for ongoing viral load monitoring, adherence support, and ongoing risk reduction messaging to prevent forward HIV transmission.
Primary School Students’ Knowledge of the Equal Sign—the Swedish Case
Authors: Madej Lars 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis case study investigates, at three Swedish schools, primary school students’ knowledge of the equal sign. The schools were chosen as representatives of schools whose students have different socioeconomic backgrounds. The data consist of Grade 3 and 6 students’ responses to an assessment form based on Matthews et al. (JRME, 43(3):316–350, 2012). A comparison between the schools indicates that there are great differences in the students’ knowledge of the equal sign depending on which school they attend. The Swedish students perform better than South Korean students responding to the same assessment form when it comes to knowing that the equal sign does not mean an operation (“the answer to a problem”). We find this interesting to discuss, as South Korea is one of the countries that performs the best on the TIMSS and PISA.
Trauma: phenomenological causality and implication
Authors: Wilde Lillian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe relationship between traumatic experiences and subsequent distress is not well understood, and little research focuses on the lived experience of psychological trauma. I draw on Louis Sass’s phenomenological taxonomy to address this lacuna. I present his differentiation between relations of phenomenological causality and implication and demonstrate that his taxonomy can be applied to experiences of trauma. Relations of phenomenological causality and implication can be identified in the genesis and constitution of post-traumatic distress. My adaptation of Sass’s taxonomy will furthermore offer an extension and development of his account, applying it to the study of post-traumatic experiences and elaborating it in the process. I shall demonstrate that whether experiences occur synchronically or diachronically is not essential to their categorization in terms of phenomenological implication and causality, respectively. I will show that an alteration in perception or behavior post trauma might temporally succeed the traumatizing event while, at the same time, being implied in the experience of the event. Thereby, I demonstrate how phenomenology may contribute to a detailed understanding of experiences of trauma. Scrutiny of traumatic experiences furthermore promises to contribute to the philosophical discourse on causality, implication, and temporal experience.
Parental well-being in times of Covid-19 in Germany
Authors: Huebener Mathias , Waights Sevrin , Spiess C. Katharina , Siegel Nico A. , Wagner Gert G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe examine the effects of Covid-19 and related restrictions on individuals with dependent children in Germany. We specifically focus on the role of day care center and school closures, which may be regarded as a “disruptive exogenous shock” to family life. We make use of a novel representative survey of parental well-being collected in May and June 2020 in Germany, when schools and day care centers were closed but while other measures had been relaxed and new infections were low. In our descriptive analysis, we compare well-being during this period with a pre-crisis period for different groups. In a difference-in-differences design, we compare the change for individuals with children to the change for individuals without children, accounting for unrelated trends as well as potential survey mode and context effects. We find that the crisis lowered the relative well-being of individuals with children, especially for individuals with young children, for women, and for persons with lower secondary schooling qualifications. Our results suggest that public policy measures taken to contain Covid-19 can have large effects on family well-being, with implications for child development and parental labor market outcomes.
No conversion, no conversation: consequences of retail salespeople disengaging from unpromising prospects
Authors: Cron William L. , Alavi Sascha , Habel Johannes , Wieseke Jan , Ryari Hanaa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOn encountering a prospect whom they believe unlikely to make a purchase, some retail salespeople adopt a sales strategy of limiting engagement with the customer, relying on a “no conversion, no conversation” (NC2) sales strategy. Is this a good or bad sales strategy? Based on a multisource dataset combining salespeople and objective sales performance data, the authors examine retail salespeople’s performance consequences of disengaging from a customer, i.e., of the NC2sales strategy. Higher sales performance and sales growth arises from the use of an NC2sales strategy when (1) salespeople are experienced professionals skilled in gauging customers’ purchase likelihood, (2) store traffic is high, and (3) salespeople are oriented to building lasting customer relationships. However, (4) when store traffic is low and peers use the NC2sales strategy as well, this customer disengagement strategy yields lower returns for salespeople.
Factors Conditioning the Potential Effects TiO2 NPs Exposure on Human Microbiota: a Mini-Review
Authors: Baranowska-Wójcik Ewa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe recent years have seen a significant interest in the applications of nanotechnology in various facets of our lives. Due to their increasingly widespread use, human exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) is fast becoming unavoidable. Among the wide group of nanoparticles currently employed in industry, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, TiO2 NPs, are particularly popular. Due to its white colour, TiO2 is widely used as a whitening food additive (E 171). Yet, there have been few studies aimed at determining its direct impact on bacteria, while the available data suggest that TiO2 NPs may influence microbiota causing problems such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, or immunological disorders. Indeed, there are increasing concerns that its presence may lead to intestinal barrier impairment, including dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota. This article aims to present an overview of studies conducted to date with regard to the impact of TiO2 NPs on human microbiota as well as factors that can affect the same. Such information is necessary if we are to conclusively determine the potential toxicity of inorganic nanoparticles.
Improvement of Rat Spinal Cord Injury Following Lentiviral Vector-Transduced Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from Human Epileptic Brain Tissue Transplantation with a Self-assembling Peptide Scaffold
Authors: Abdolahi Sara , Aligholi Hadi , Khodakaram-Tafti Azizollah , Khaleghi Ghadiri Maryam , Stummer Walter , Gorji Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling neurological disorder that causes neural circuit dysfunction. Although various therapies have been applied to improve the neurological outcomes of SCI, little clinical progress has been achieved. Stem cell–based therapy aimed at restoring the lost cells and supporting micromilieu at the site of the injury has become a conceptually attractive option for tissue repair following SCI. Adult human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNS/PCs) were obtained from the epileptic human brain specimens. Induction of SCI was followed by the application of lentiviral vector-mediated green fluorescent protein–labeled hNS/PCs seeded in PuraMatrix peptide hydrogel (PM). The co-application of hNS/PCs and PM at the SCI injury site significantly enhanced cell survival and differentiation, reduced the lesion volume, and improved neurological functions compared to the control groups. Besides, the transplanted hNS/PCs seeded in PM revealed significantly higher migration abilities into the lesion site and the healthy host tissue as well as a greater differentiation into astrocytes and neurons in the vicinity of the lesion as well as in the host tissue. Our data suggest that the transplantation of hNS/PCs seeded in PM could be a promising approach to restore the damaged tissues and improve neurological functions after SCI.
Cholinium amino acid-based ionic liquids
Authors: Le Donne Andrea , Bodo Enrico 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBoosted by the simplicity of their synthesis and low toxicity, cholinium and amino acid-based ionic liquids have attracted the attention of researchers in many different fields ranging from computational chemistry to electrochemistry and medicine. Among the uncountable IL variations, these substances occupy a space on their own due to their exceptional biocompatibility that stems from being entirely made by metabolic molecular components. These substances have undergone a rather intensive research activity because of the possibility of using them as greener replacements for traditional ionic liquids. We present here a short review in the attempt to provide a compendium of the state-of-the-art scientific research about this special class of ionic liquids based on the combination of amino acid anions and cholinium cations.
Discharge coefficient of flow over Al-Shalalat stepped weir on Al-Khusr River
Authors: Altalib Azza N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany hydraulic structures are constructed in an open channel according to the purposes and the nature of the region. Weir is one of these structures which is used for discharge measurements as well as rising water depth in irrigation channels. According to the crest, there are two different shapes: sharp and broad crested weir. A stepped weir is constructed to reduce scour that happened downstream. There are different studies dealt with discharge coefficient, energy dissipation, and other hydraulic characteristics for flow over the weir. In this study, the coefficient of discharge for the Al-Shalalat stepped weir on the Al-Khusr River has been evaluated. The discharge coefficient equation is predicted, and the result values are compared with previous studies. The percentage error for the predicted discharge equation presented in this study compared with previous studies does not exceed 10%.
Zur Komorbidität von Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung und Sucht in biopsychosozialer Perspektive
Authors: Kapfhammer Hans-Peter 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungPosttraumatische Belastungsstörung und Substanzkonsumstörungen treten im medizinischen Versorgungssystem häufig koexistent auf. Ihre Komorbidität geht mit schwerwiegenderen akuten klinischen Symptombildern, mit zahlreichen, oft notfallmäßigen Hospitalisierungen und geringeren Behandlungserfolgen einher. Ihre Komorbidität trägt zu dramatisch ungünstigeren Verläufen auf allen biopsychosozialen Ebenen bei. Das Thema Komorbidität von PTBS und Sucht wird auf mehreren Ebenen untersucht: in den Perspektiven von Epidemiologie, Substanzkonsumstörung als Risikofaktor für Trauma und PTBS, Trauma und PTBS als Risikofaktor für Substanzkonsumstörung, neurobiologischen Konsequenzen einer Substanzkonsumstörung für die Neurobiologie von PTBS, gemeinsam geteilten Faktoren der Genetik/Epigenetik, Persönlichkeitsdimensionen und aversiven/traumatogenen Einflüssen in der frühen Entwicklung. Der Hauptfokus der Analyse liegt auf den wechselseitig sich verstärkenden Mechanismen, die der Entwicklung und dem Verlauf beider Störungsbilder inhärent sind.