bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the potential of undervalued forest residues: a comprehensive characterization of eucalypt stump in the biorefinery context
Authors: Gominho Jorge , Habrant Anouck , Costa Ricardo A. , Chabbert Brigitte , Lourenço Ana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Eucalyptus globulus stumps are a by-product from the coppice pulp plantation after three generations. In this study a stump was fractionated in three discs (60 cm between them), and their constituent tissues—heartwood, sapwood and bark—were subjected to further chemical characterization by summative analysis, evaluation of the phytochemical profile and antioxidants activities, plus GC/MS and analytical pyrolysis aiming at their valorization. Wood density was similar between tissues and disc level: values ranging from 0.652 to 0.705 g/cm3 (Disc 1) and 0.605 g/cm3 (Disc 5). Bark had high ash (3.5%), extractives (7.5%) and holocellulose (68.4%) but lower lignin contents (22.0%). Original heartwood contained 0.7% ash, 7.0% extractives, 27.1% lignin, and 67.3% holocellulose. Heartwood showed high extractives (12.1–15.8%), less lignin (23.9–24.5%), and high holocellulose (61.7–64.7%) compared to sapwood which contained 3.9–5.4% extractives, 26.9–27.3% lignin and 68.6–71.5% holocellulose. Water extracts had poor antioxidant activity in contrast to ethanol extracts with high activities in heartwood. All tissues presented GS lignin type with S/G ratios varying from 3.0 to 3.4 (heartwood), 3.2–3.4 (sapwood), bark (3.5) and 3.8 (original heartwood). In wood, fibers and vessels were highly lignified with SG and G-lignin respectively; while rays had low lignin with G-type. Light and fluorescence macroscopic observation of the tissues in Disc 1 revealed a lower proportion and larger vessels in sapwood and high emission fluorescence at 488nm. Overall, these results show that stumps are valuable raw material to be used under the biorefinery context.
Liouville results for semilinear integral equations with conical diffusion
Authors: Birindelli Isabeau , Du Lele , Galise Giulio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nonexistence results for positive supersolutions of the equation

$$-Lu=u^p\quad \hbox { in}\ \mathbb {R}^N_+$$

-
L
u
=

u
p

in

R

+
N

are obtained,

$$-L$$

-
L

being any symmetric and stable linear operator, positively homogeneous of degree 2s,

$$s\in (0,1)$$

s
∈
(
0
,
1
)

, whose spectral measure is absolutely continuous and positive only in a relative open set of the unit sphere of

$$\mathbb {R}^N$$

R

N

. The results are sharp:

$$u\equiv 0$$

u
≡
0

is the only nonnegative supersolution in the subcritical regime

$$1\le p\le \frac{N+s}{N-s}\,$$

1
≤
p
≤

N
+
s

N
-
s

, while nontrivial supersolutions exist, at least for some specific

$$-L$$

-
L

, as soon as

$$p>\frac{N+s}{N-s}$$

p
>

N
+
s

N
-
s

. The arguments used rely on a rescaled test function’s method, suitably adapted to such nonlocal setting with weak diffusion; they are quite general and also employed to obtain Liouville type results in the whole space.
Malignant upgrade in lesions of uncertain malignant potential in the breast (B3 lesions) – is open excision always necessary?
Authors: Heindl Felix , Schiel Janina , Hack Carolin C. , Amann Niklas , Jud Sebastian M. , Preuss Caroline I. , Häberle Lothar , Hartmann Arndt , Schulz-Wendtland Rüdiger , Wetzl Matthias , Beckmann Matthias W. , Erber Ramona 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Unclear or suspicious breast findings are typically clarified by interventional breast biopsy. Lesions with uncertain malignant potential are grouped as B3 lesions in histopathology. The B3 group according to the European Working Group for Breast Screening Pathology (EWGBSP) comprises various breast lesions with different upgrade rates to invasive breast cancer (BC) or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) if surgical removal is performed. The objective of this study was to investigate malignant upgrade rates to DCIS and/or invasive breast cancer (BC) after open surgical excision for the different B3 lesions.

Methods
A total of 192 patients with histologically verified B3 lesions were followed up retrospectively for this analysis. Patients with the B3 lesions atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), flat epithelial atypia (FEA), and classical lobular neoplasia (LN1-2) were combined into one group, while cellular fibroepithelial lesions (CFL) and phyllodes tumors without suspicion of malignancy, as well as papillomas and radial scars/complex sclerosing lesions (RS/CSL) were summarized in two other groups. We investigated the association of the different B3 lesions with invasive BC or DCIS after open surgical excision.

Results
Histopathological investigation revealed in 21 (10.9%) of the 192 patients invasive BC or DCIS after open surgical excision. The rate of patients with BC and/or DCIS significantly differed between the patient groups (p < 0.01, Fisher’s exact test): The highest rate was 17.5% (95% confidence interval (CI), 10.7–26.2) in patients within the group of ADH, FEA, and LN1-2. In the other two groups, fewer malignant lesions occurred. In the group with papillomas and RS/CSL the malignant upgrade rate was 4.3% (95% CI, 0.9–12.2), while within the group with CFL and phyllodes tumors without suspicion of malignancy no malignant upgrade was observed (0.0%, 95% CI, 0.0–16.9).

Conclusions
B3 lesions harbor the risk of malignant upgrade after surgical excision. In our collective ADH, FEA, and LN1-2 had significant higher upgrade rates than other B3 lesions.
Evolution of the batoidea pectoral fin skeleton: convergence, modularity, and integration driving disparity trends
Authors: López-Romero Faviel A. , Villalobos-Segura Eduardo , Türtscher Julia , Berio Fidji , Stumpf Sebastian , Dearden Richard P. , Kriwet Jürgen , Maldonado Ernesto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Batoids (skates and rays) are the most speciose group of cartilaginous fishes with a diverse array of ecological adaptations and swimming modes. Early skeletal fossil remains and recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that convergence among batoids has occurred independently multiple times. The drivers for such disparity patterns and possible association with modularity and phenotypic integration among batoids are not fully understood. Here we employed geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods to characterize the evolutionary trends in the basal fin skeleton of extinct and extant batoids and dorsoventrally flattened sharks. We found that the most speciose orders of batoids, Myliobatiformes and Rajiformes, display the lowest levels of morphological disparity, while Torpediniformes and Rhinopristitiformes have the highest disparity. Differences in evolutionary rates by habitat indicate that both reef and freshwater species evolved faster than deep-sea and shelf-distributed species. We further explored the differences based on swimming modes and found that species with oscillatory swimming exhibit higher evolutionary rates on their coracoid bar. We found that specific groups underwent different rates of evolution on each element of the pectoral fin. This was corroborated by the modularity and integration analyses, which indicate differences in the covariation between structures among the analyzed groups. The convergence analysis does not support the resemblance between flattened sharks and batoids; however we found convergence between extinct batoids and modern guitarfishes. Our findings suggest that habitat and swimming mode have shaped the pectoral fin evolution among batoids.
Predicting free edge delamination induced by thermal loading using finite fracture mechanics
Authors: Burhan Mohammad , Ullah Zahur , Kazancı Zafer , Catalanotti Giuseppe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The material mismatch between the dissimilarly oriented plies within laminated structures induces localised singular interlaminar stresses at free edges, under various loading conditions such as mechanical, moisture, or thermal. These interlaminar stresses lead to premature interlaminar cracking. This study introduces the application of Finite Fracture Mechanics (FFM) for predicting free edge delamination in angle-ply laminates under uniform thermal loading. The current framework assumes nucleation of semi-elliptically shaped crack at the dissimilar interface, resulting in a 3D FFM criterion. For a given material intrinsic properties, e.g. interlaminar fracture toughness and strength, calculation of quantities such as interlaminar stresses and incremental energy release rates are required. These quantities, necessary for the evaluation of the FFM criterion, are determined semi-analytically through expressions derived from dimensional analysis and finite element models. Dimensional analysis facilitates the finding of these quantities only once using non-dimensionalised functions. The resulting non-dimensionalised functions for stresses and energy release rates are not a function of thermal load and ply thickness. This eliminates the requirement to re-solve the underlying boundary value problem for varying loads and ply thicknesses. The accuracy of finite element models is confirmed against results from models available in literature and dimensional analysis is validated against numerical solutions. The 3D FFM system is solved by assuming a homothetic crack extension and is implemented as a standard constrained nonlinear optimisation problem. In addition to the 3D FFM, another model based on the Theory of Critical Distances (TCD) is employed for validation purposes. The predictions from both the 3D FFM and TCD are compared to those from models available in the literature.
Butterfly and moth conservation: results from a global synopsis of evidence
Authors: Bladon Eleanor K. , Christie Alec P. , Smith Rebecca K. , Sutherland William J. , Bladon Andrew J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Butterflies and moths face a range of anthropogenic threats with many of the best-studied populations in decline. In response, butterfly and moth conservation programmes are implementing a diverse set of actions, but to date no study has synthesised evidence for their effectiveness. We present an overview of the recently published Conservation Evidence synopsis of butterfly and moth conservation, describe patterns and biases in the available evidence, and compare these to similar synopses on other taxa. We find that most evidence covers butterfly conservation, focuses on community-level responses, originates from the UK and the USA, comes from studies using the least robust designs, and assesses actions addressing the threat posed by agriculture. Far less evidence is available for moth conservation, for individual species’ responses, originates from Africa, Asia, Oceania and South America, comes from studies using the most robust designs, or tests actions designed to mitigate the impacts of pollution or climate change. While the geographic and study design biases reflect those found in evidence for the conservation of other taxa, the focus on community-level responses is higher than in any of the other synopses we examined. We suggest this may leave Lepidoptera conservation vulnerable to missing important, species-specific responses. We call for testing of conservation actions to be built into conservation projects for butterflies and moths, to build a robust evidence base for conserving Lepidoptera in a changing world.
Investors’ reactions to CSR reputation and disclosure assurance: an experimental analysis
Authors: Ernst Carolin A. , Kunz Jennifer , Fischer Thomas M. , Ludwig Laura M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures and a firm’s CSR reputation are important bases for retail investors’ judgments of legitimacy and their investment decisions. The present experimental vignette study with 300 participants acting as retail investors aims to provide deeper insights into the structure of these judgment processes. Our structural equation model reveals that a favorable CSR reputation and an assurance of the CSR disclosures positively affect whether values-driven motives are attributed to a firm’s CSR efforts, the perceived credibility of its CSR disclosures, and perceptions of its corporate social performance (CSP). In turn, perceptions of a firm’s CSP reinforces investors’ intention to invest, which in the end positively influences the amount of their investment. Our findings disentangle the complex cognitive processes involved, thus contributing to a better understanding of the combined effects of a firm’s CSR reputation and CSR disclosures on investors’ decision-making. In particular, these findings add to the scarce empirical research on individual legitimacy in investor decision-making and highlight the relevance of CSP as a decision parameter for investors, separate from corporate financial performance (CFP). Finally, the empirical results provide levers for managers to gain support from their firm’s investors and offer guidance for standard-setters and regulators regarding new disclosure requirements.
Why did the Big Four get so large? Evidence from Australia
Authors: Ferguson Colin , Pinnuck Matthew , Skinner Douglas J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We use a long time-series from Australia to shed light on economic factors that led to audit market concentration and the Big N. We show that increases in the size of a small number of public companies was an important factor that led to large audit firms and market concentration. We also show that emerging Big N firms made sunk cost investments, including in the ability to provide industry expertise and non-audit services, which allowed them to retain clients, differentiate, and grow. These changes occurred around the time the profession lifted restrictions on advertising, which helped facilitate differentiation, and that larger, more complex clients switched to emerging Big N firms while smaller clients switched to non-Big N firms. We do not find that increases in audit market concentration reduced competition; our results instead suggest the audit market became more competitive over time.
Interplay of Personal Values and Politics in a Greek Context: Religiosity as a Moderator Between Reluctance Toward Casual Sexual Relationships and Ideological Conservatism
Authors: Grigoropoulos Iraklis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A model proposing that religiosity moderates the relationship between unwillingness to engage in uncommitted sexual relations (conceptualized as sociosexuality and attitudes toward infidelity) and conservative ideology (conceptualized as conservative values and political conservatism) was tested in two studies conducted in Greece. By employing both correlation analyses and moderation models, the current research provided evidence for the moderating role of religiosity in the relationship between unwillingness to engage in uncommitted sexual relations and conservative ideology. We argue that sexual attitudes and relationships may be underappreciated in political psychology research, given the variety of reasons people may acquire conservative ideologies. In contemporary societies, where sexuality is utilized to define an individual's identity and where sexual relations and attitudes are openly acknowledged and shared as an integral part of people's lives, this particular virtue is crucial. Considering also that there is a debate about and change regarding what is "political," this study's results provide evidence of how sexual attitudes and religiosity can shape ideological agendas and, in this way, how politics is expanding to include more personal spheres of existence.
On some properties of cohesive frames
Authors: Cele Lindani , Mthethwa Simo S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The main aim of this note is to introduce and study the properties of cohesive frames. We study the extent to which some classical results may be extended to a larger terrain of pointfree topology and point out some interesting observations and results in this context. In particular, we show that the class of all cohesive frames contains all nontrivial pointless connected frames; a result that has no interpretation in classical topology. We introduce the notion of strong cohesion and study conditions under which cohesive frames are strongly cohesive.
From extraction to surveillance: Re-territorialisation of Vietnam’s ocean frontier through fisheries reforms
Authors: Kadfak Alin , Marschke Melissa , Hanh Tong Thi Hai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper examines how the EU’s Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) fishing policy has influenced Vietnam’s recent fisheries management reforms. We draw on the idea of policy mobility to unpack how the EU’s IUU objectives to better manage Vietnamese fisheries is being implemented across national and provincial spaces. We find that the EU-influenced IUU regulations serves to reterritorialise fisheries management in Vietnam, along with reworking actors’ socio-spatial relations. Translating policy into practice results in a significant mismatch between IUU regulations and everyday fishing practices, raising questions about the sustainability of the newly designed IUU fisheries policies. Vietnam’s core policy narratives have shifted from a fisheries industry that was mainly extractive, to a fisheries industry relying on significant control and surveillance management. We conclude by troubling the notion of the EU as a ‘green actor’, and by reflecting on how the EU is reshaping fishing policies across the global South.
Macrophage and mitochondrion dual-targeting astaxanthin nanoparticles prepared by Maillard reaction for colonic inflammation alleviation
Authors: Liu Kangjing , Tian Xueying , Fei Siyuan , Song Yukun , Abd El-Aty A. M. , Tan Mingqian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study demonstrated the design of whey protein isolate (WPI)-mannose (Man) conjugates with triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP) through self-assembly to prepare macrophage and mitochondrion dual-targeting astaxanthin (AXT) nanoparticles (AXT@TPP-WPI-Man). The nanoparticles displayed spherical structures with a well-dispersed size of approximately 206.1 ± 39.2 nm, with good biocompatibility, stability, and targeting capabilities. In vitro experiments demonstrated the specific accumulation of AXT@TPP-WPI-Man in mitochondria and exhibited good targeting ability toward macrophages. The AXT@TPP-WPI-Man effectively reduced reactive oxygen species and preserved the normal mitochondrial membrane potential. The AXT@TPP-WPI-Man treated ulcerative colitis mice exhibited a 52.32% increase in colon length with significant improvement in weight loss, disease activity index scores, and reduced release of inflammatory cytokines. Immunofluorescence staining indicated AXT@TPP-WPI-Man alleviated ulcerative colitis by reducing M1 polarization in colonic macrophages while promoting M2 polarization. The dual-targeting AXT@TPP-WPI-Man has the potential to improve astaxanthin bioavailability, presenting a promising delivery method for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Prioritizing public service investments and analyzing factors affecting willingness to pay for public services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of rural areas in Chungnam Province, South Korea
Authors: Lee Saem , Nguyen Trung Thanh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored a critical need for well-functioning public services, particularly in rural areas where access to the services is often limited. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the satisfaction and importance of public services in rural areas and analyze how the evaluation impacts residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for public service improvements. This is to identify key services that require strategic investment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results from the Importance-Performance Analysis show that public services' importance outweighs satisfaction, highlighting the need for improvement, particularly in medical emergency services, transportation, and cultural facilities. The results from the Heckman model indicate that both the satisfaction of residents with the service provision and their importance perceived by residents affect the propensity to pay and the intended amount of payment, including water and sewage, social work, and cultural facilities. The satisfaction is negatively associated while the importance is positively associated with WTP for public service improvement. In addition, income level and age of residents are found to be drivers of WTP as well. Policymakers are suggested to consider both the importance of services and the financial capacity of residents in designing interventions for improving public services in rural areas during the time of crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
An ecosystemic view on information, data, and knowledge: insights on agential AI and relational ethics
Authors: Calzati Stefano 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article takes the lead from the data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) pyramid which is still a foundational paradigm in information science and applied fields. The goal is three-folded: (1) to outline a critique of such paradigm, with specific regard to its logico-objectivist standpoint; (2) to propose an information theory-based revisitation of the concepts of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom able to move beyond logico-objectivism; (3) to advance an ecosystemic rearrangement among data, information, and knowledge, whose key feature is the balanced entanglement between known and unknown. This will lead to conceptualizing agency as an open-ended information-processing disposition. Such conceptualization can prove useful to reframe discussions around Artificial Intelligence (AI) beyond sentience, emphasizing the epistemological effects that AI has in the world, as well as to advance an understanding of ethics as a relational from-within practice.
Prudential reasons for designing entitled chatbots: How robot "rights" can improve human well-being
Authors: Löhr Guido , Dennis Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Can robots or chatbots be moral patients? The question of robot rights is often linked to moral reasons like precautionary principles or the ability to suffer. We argue that we have prudential reasons for building robots that can at least hold us accountable (criticize us etc.) and that we have prudential reasons to build robots that can demand that we treat them with respect. This proposal aims to add nuance to the robot rights debate by answering a key question: Why should we want to build robots that could have rights in the first place? We argue that some degree of accountability in our social relationships contributes to our well-being and flourishing. The normativity ascribed to robots will increase their social and non-social functionalities from action coordination to more meaningful relationships. Having a robot that has a certain “standing” to hold us accountable can improve our epistemic standing and satisfy our desire for recognition.
State-linked manipulated media in the time of Covid-19: a look at Iran
Authors: Bagozzi Benjamin E. , Balasubramanian Karthik , Goel Rajni , Parker Chris 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
What drives changes in the thematic focus of state-linked manipulated media? We study this question in relation to a long-running Iranian state-linked manipulated media campaign that was uncovered by Twitter in 2021. Using a variety of machine learning methods, we uncover and analyze how this manipulation campaign’s topical themes changed in relation to rising Covid-19 cases in Iran. By using the topics of the tweets in a novel way, we find that increases in domestic Covid-19 cases engendered a shift in Iran’s manipulated media focus away from Covid-19 themes and toward international finance- and investment-focused themes. These findings underscore (i) the potential for state-linked manipulated media campaigns to be used for diversionary purposes and (ii) the promise of machine learning methods for detecting such behaviors.