bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The vulnerability of fish and macroinvertebrate species with bioactive potential in a Mediterranean marine protected area
Authors: Carreño Arnau , Lloret Josep 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

A high percentage of marine animals produce bioactive compounds that may play a leading role in the discovery of future compounds and drugs of marine origin. However, commercial fishing and other human activities leading to sea warming and pollution may affect these marine animals, even putting them in danger of extinction.
To date, no comprehensive studies have evaluated the conservation status of Mediterranean species with bioactive potential, which is crucial to better understanding of how these species cope with the impacts of human activity.
The study reviewed the bioactive potential and vulnerability of 833 fish and macro‐invertebrate species inhabiting the marine protected area of Cap de Creus and surrounding areas. The most active taxa found were Porifera (49 out of 59 species; 83.0%) and Tunicata (17 out of 27 species; 63.0%). The most vulnerable species were Chondrichthyes (eight out of nine species) and Porifera (nine out of 12 species), which together account for over 75% of species classified as such.
Results emphasize the need to introduce specific management measures that protect vulnerable species with bioactive potential as this is a valuable component of marine ecosystems, as well as a potential source of molecules with pharmacological properties beneficial for human health.
Marine protected areas can contribute to preserving marine species of medical interest and achieving their sustainable use in the marine biotechnology industry.
Isopenicillin N Synthase: Crystallographic Studies
Authors: Chapman Nicole C. , Rutledge Peter J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIsopenicillin N synthase (IPNS) is a non‐heme iron oxidase (NHIO) that catalyses the cyclisation of tripeptide δ‐(l‐α‐aminoadipoyl)‐l‐cysteinyl‐d‐valine (ACV) to bicyclic isopenicillin N (IPN). Over the last 25 years, crystallography has shed considerable light on the mechanism of IPNS catalysis. The first crystal structure, for apo‐IPNS with Mn bound in place of Fe at the active site, reported in 1995, was also the first structure for a member of the wider NHIO family. This was followed by the anaerobic enzyme‐substrate complex IPNS−Fe−ACV (1997), this complex plus nitric oxide as a surrogate for co‐substrate dioxygen (1997), and an enzyme product complex (1999). Since then, crystallography has been used to probe many aspects of the IPNS reaction mechanism, by crystallising the protein with a diversity of substrate analogues and triggering the oxidative reaction by using elevated oxygen pressures to force the gaseous co‐substrate throughout protein crystals and maximise synchronicity of turnover in crystallo. In this way, X‐ray structures have been elucidated for a range of complexes closely related to and/or directly derived from key intermediates in the catalytic cycle, thereby answering numerous mechanistic questions that had arisen from solution‐phase experiments, and posing many new ones. The results of these crystallographic studies have, in turn, informed computational experiments that have brought further insight. These combined crystallographic and computational investigations augment and extend the results of earlier spectroscopic analyses and solution phase studies of IPNS turnover, to enrich our understanding of this important protein and the wider NHIO enzyme family.
Impacts of growth form and phylogenetic relatedness on seed germination: A large‐scale analysis of a subtropical regional flora
Authors: Wang JuHong , Xu GeXi , Chen Wen , Ma YanBo , Qi Wei , Zhang ChunHui , Cui XianLiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPlant regeneration strategy plays a critical role in species survival and can be used as a proxy for the evolutionary response of species to climate change. However, information on the effects of key plant traits and phylogenetic relatedness on seed germination is limited at large regional scales that vary in climate. To test the hypotheses that phylogenetic niche conservatism plays a critical force in shaping seed ecophysiological traits across species, and also drives their response to climatic fluctuation, we conducted a controlled experiment on seed germination and determined the percentage and rate of germination for 249 species in subtropical China under two temperature regimes (i.e., daily 25°C; daily alternating 25/15°C for each 12 hr). Germination was low with a skewed distribution (mean = 38.9% at 25°C, and 43.3% at 25/15°C). One fifth of the species had low (<10%) and slow (4–30 days) germination, and only a few (8%) species had a high (>80%) and rapid (1.2–6.6 days) germination. All studied plant traits (including germination responses) showed a significant phylogenetic signal, with an exception of seed germination percentage under the alternating temperature scenario. Generalized linear models (GLMs) and phylogenetic generalized estimation equations (GEEs) demonstrated that growth form and seed dispersal mode were strong drivers of germination. Our experimental study highlights that integrating plant key traits and phylogeny is critical to predicting seed germination response to future climate change.
Prognostic value of lymph node ratio versus American Joint Committee on Cancer N classification for surgically resected human papillomavirus‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nocon Cheryl C. , Kuchta Kristine , Bhayani Mihir K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe compared prognostic values of lymph node ratio (LNR) and AJCC 8 N classification in surgically resected human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database, we identified patients with HPV‐associated OPSCC from 2010 to 2016 who underwent definitive surgical resection. Patients were analyzed by nodal grouping (LNR, N stage) and adjuvant radiation therapy(RT). Primary endpoint was overall survival.ResultsWe identified 4166 patients. Survival analysis showed significant improvement for LNR≤6% versus >6% (5 year OS% 92.7% vs. 83.7%, p < 0.001). N classification demonstrated good prognostic ability (5 year OS% for pN0, pN1, pN2 were 91.3%, 90.1%, 78.8%, p < 0.001), but poor separation among stages (compared to pN0: pN1 HR 1.40 [95% CI 0.63, 3.09], p = 0.41; pN2 HR 2.50 [95% CI 1.08, 5.81], p = 0.033). RT improved survival in the LNR > 6% group (5 year OS% 85.4% vs. 74.9%, p < 0.001; HR 0.41 [95% CI 0.28, 0.58], p < 0.001).ConclusionsLNR should be considered an adjunct category in future staging systems for HPV‐associated OPSCC.
Global double hybrids do not work for charge transfer: A comment on “Double hybrids and time‐dependent density functional theory: An implementation and benchmark on charge transfer excited states”
Authors: Casanova‐Páez Marcos , Goerigk Lars 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe comment on the results published by Ottochian et al. in J. Comput Chem. 2020, 41, 1242. Therein, the authors claim that the second‐order, perturbative correlation correction applied to the time‐dependent version of the PBE‐QIDH global double‐hybrid functional approximation (DHDFA) enables the description of charge‐transfer (CT) excitations. Herein, we point out some inadvertent oversights related to what had already been previously known and achieved in the field of time‐dependent DHDFAs. Exemplified for the same four systems that Ottochian et al. have used to analyze intermolecular CT excitations, we show how a systematic and unacceptably large redshift in global DHDFAs is rectified when using the latest long‐range corrected DHDFAs published earlier in J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 4735.
Climate Variability on Fishing Activities in Inland Waters: Case of Owena River in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria
Authors: Lydia Adeleke Mosunmola , Jerry Jacob Victor , Ayal Desalegn Yayeh , Oluwatobi Akinola Joshua , Sunday Ayodele Idowu , Amos Ajibefun Igbekele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter examined the effects of climate variability on fishing activities in inland waters: the case of Owena River in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria. The particular inland water body (Owena) was selected purposively because the Owena River crosses across the two States (Ondo and Osun States). A total of 100 respondents/fisher folks were selected randomly. Primary data was used to get information from the respondents with the aid of the structured questionnaire. Secondary data was used to get information on the climate variability existing in the locations in order to achieve the set objectives. Specifically, the effects of climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, and wind were determined on fisher folk, fishing duration, fish catch, fishing techniques, and fishing equipment/gears. Descriptive survey design was used to examine the demographic characteristics of respondents. The result revealed that most of the respondents (96%) were male. This chapter established that climate variability particularly strong wind, rainfall, and temperature has adverse effects on fishing activities such as reduction in fish catch, long duration of fishing, loss of fishing gear, change in fishing techniques, and effect on health; hence, the livelihoods of the residence are adversely affected on the long run. In addition to the adverse effect of poverty and loss of life for the fisher folks. Although, the fisher folks livelihoods depend mainly on fisheries resources and optimum fishing depends on favorable climate/weather conditions. Therefore, proper preventive coping strategies against the adverse effect of climate variables should be paramount in both States (Ondo and Ekiti) to improve livelihoods and food security.
Comparative studies of 2HDMs under the Higgs boson precision measurements
Authors: Han Tao , Li Shuailong , Su Shufang , Su Wei , Wu Yongcheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We perform comparative studies for four types of the two Higgs Doublet Models (2HDMs) under the precision measurements of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs observables at the proposed Higgs factories. We explore the discovery potential based on the hypothetical deviations in the precision data for the 2HDMs up to one-loop level. We find 5σ observability from the χ2 fitting in a significant theory parameter space at future Higgs factories. For the Type-I 2HDM, regions with cos(β − α) ≲ −0.1 or cos(β − α) ≳ 0.08 are discoverable at more than 5σ level. For the other three types of 2HDMs, the 5σ region is even bigger: | cos(β − α)| ≳ 0.02 for tan β ∼ 1. At small and large values of tan β, the region in cos(β − α) is further tightened. We examine the extent to which the different 2HDM theories may be distinguishable from one to the other at the 95% Confidence Level with four benchmark points as case studies. We show that a large part of the parameter space of the other types of 2HDMs can be distinguished from the benchmark points of the target model. The impacts of loop corrections are found to be significant in certain parameter regions.
The generalized equivalence of regularization and min–max robustification in linear mixed models
Authors: Burgard Jan Pablo , Krause Joscha , Kreber Dennis , Morales Domingo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe connection between regularization and min–max robustification in the presence of unobservable covariate measurement errors in linear mixed models is addressed. We prove that regularized model parameter estimation is equivalent to robust loss minimization under a min–max approach. On the example of the LASSO, Ridge regression, and the Elastic Net, we derive uncertainty sets that characterize the feasible noise that can be added to a given estimation problem. These sets allow us to determine measurement error bounds without distribution assumptions. A conservative Jackknife estimator of the mean squared error in this setting is proposed. We further derive conditions under which min-max robust estimation of model parameters is consistent. The theoretical findings are supported by a Monte Carlo simulation study under multiple measurement error scenarios.
Modelling Mediterranean heavy precipitation events at climate scale: an object-oriented evaluation of the CNRM-AROME convection-permitting regional climate model
Authors: Caillaud Cécile , Somot Samuel , Alias Antoinette , Bernard-Bouissières Isabelle , Fumière Quentin , Laurantin Olivier , Seity Yann , Ducrocq Véronique 
Published: January 2021

AbstractModelling the rare but high-impact Mediterranean Heavy Precipitation Events (HPEs) at climate scale remains a largely open scientific challenge. The issue is adressed here by running a 38-year-long continuous simulation of the CNRM-AROME Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Model (CP-RCM) at a 2.5 km horizontal resolution and over a large pan-Alpine domain. First, the simulation is evaluated through a basic Eulerian statistical approach via a comparison with selected high spatial and temporal resolution observational datasets. Northwestern Mediterranean fall extreme precipitation is correctly represented by CNRM-AROME at a daily scale and even better at an hourly scale, in terms of location, intensity, frequency and interannual variability, despite an underestimation of daily and hourly highest intensities above 200 mm/day and 40 mm/h, respectively. A comparison of the CP-RCM with its forcing convection-parameterised 12.5 km Regional Climate Model (RCM) demonstrates a clear added value for the CP-RCM, confirming previous studies. Secondly, an object-oriented Lagrangian approach is proposed with the implementation of a precipitating system detection and tracking algorithm, applied to the model and the reference COMEPHORE precipitation dataset for twenty fall seasons. Using French Mediterranean HPEs as objects, CNRM-AROME’s ability to represent the main characteristics of fall convective systems and tracks is highlighted in terms of number, intensity, area, duration, velocity and severity. Further, the model is able to simulate long-lasting and severe extreme fall events similar to observations. However, it fails to reproduce the precipitating systems and tracks with the highest intensities (maximum intensities above 40 mm/h) well, and the model’s tendency to overestimate the cell size increases with intensity.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 reduces cardiac fibrosis and promotes M2 macrophage polarization in inflammatory cardiomyopathy
Authors: Baumeier Christian , Escher Felicitas , Aleshcheva Ganna , Pietsch Heiko , Schultheiss Heinz-Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPlasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has a cardioprotective function in mice by repressing cardiac fibrosis through TGF-β and plasminogen-mediated pathways. In addition it is known to be involved in the recruitment and polarization of monocytes/macrophages towards a M2 phenotype in cancer. Here, we investigated the expression of PAI-1 in human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi) and its effect on cardiac fibrosis and macrophage polarization. We retrospectively analyzed endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) of patients with DCM or DCMi for PAI-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, EMBs were evaluated for the content of fibrotic tissue, number of activated myofibroblasts, TGF-β expression, as well as for M1 and M2 macrophages. Patients with high-grade DCMi (DCMi-high, CD3+ lymphocytes > 30 cells/mm2) had significantly increased PAI-1 levels compared to DCM and low-grade DCMi patients (DCMi-low, CD3+ lymphocytes = 14–30 cells/mm2) (15.5 ± 0.4% vs. 1.0 ± 0.1% and 4.0 ± 0.1%, p ≤ 0.001). Elevated PAI-1 expression in DCMi-high subjects was associated with a diminished degree of cardiac fibrosis, decreased levels of TGF-β and reduced number of myofibroblasts. In addition, DCMi-high patients revealed an increased proportion of non-classical M2 macrophages towards classical M1 macrophages, indicating M2 macrophage-favoring properties of PAI-1 in inflammatory cardiomyopathies. Our findings give evidence that elevated expression of cardiac PAI-1 in subjects with high-grade DCMi suppresses fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β and myofibroblast activation. Moreover, our data indicate that PAI-1 is involved in the polarization of M2 macrophages in the heart. Thus, PAI-1 could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and as a possible therapeutic target in inflammatory cardiomyopathies.
A retrospective cohort study of how alveolar ridge preservation affects the need of alveolar ridge augmentation at posterior tooth implant sites
Authors: Hu Kai-Fang , Lin Ying-Chu , Huang Yu-Ting , Chou Yu-Hsiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess whether alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) can reduce the need of ridge augmentation at posterior tooth sites.

Material and methods
This study enrolled patients who received dental implants at posterior tooth sites during 2013–2019. Demographic data and dental treatment histories were collected. Based on healing patterns after tooth extraction, patients were divided into ARP and spontaneous healing (SH) groups. Three surgical treatment plans were devised according to the alveolar bone volume on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The three treatment plans were to perform implant alone, simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) and implantation, and staged GBR before implantation. Statistical analyses were performed to determine relationships.

Results
There were 92 implant records in the ARP group and 249 implant records in the SH group. A significant intergroup difference was observed regarding the frequency distribution of the treatment modality of staged GBR before implant (χ2 = 15.07, p = 0.0005). Based on the implant alone treatment modality and simple logistic regression, the SH pattern was related to staged GBR before implant (SH vs. ARP: crude odds ratio (OR) = 4.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.15–11.61, p = 0.0003). After adjusting confounding factors, the risk was still significant (adjusted OR = 5.02, 95% CI = 2.26–12.85, p = 0.0002).

Conclusions
The study results suggested that ARP is more likely to lead to the treatment modality of implant alone and reduce the need for staged GBR before implantation.

Clinical relevance
This study describes ARP capable of minimizing the need for staged GBR before implantation and shortening the treatment duration.
Changes in peer and sibling victimization in early adolescence: longitudinal associations with multiple indices of mental health in a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Sharpe Helen , Fink Elian , Duffy Fiona , Patalay Praveetha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVictimization by peers and siblings is associated with poorer mental health outcomes in adolescence. What is less clear is whether mental health outcomes improve if victimization experiences cease (e.g., being victimized in primary school but not secondary school). This study aims to explore how changes in victimization experiences are associated with changes in mental health outcomes in early adolescence. Data are from 13,912 participants in the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a nationally representative cohort of individuals born in the UK. Self-reported victimization by peers and siblings, as well as mental health outcomes (depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and body image), were collected at age 11 and age 14. Victimization at either time point was associated with poorer mental health across the range of outcomes, with effects largest for those who were consistently victimized. Those who reported increasing victimization had greater deterioration in their mental health compared with their peers who were never victimized. Conversely, children whose victimization decreased showed similar mental health development over this period as those who were never victimized. There was a cumulative effect of victimization by peers and siblings, with effect sizes generally larger for experiences with peers. Victimization in adolescence is associated with enduring reductions in mental health. Nonetheless, the promising outcomes associated with reductions in victimization suggest the potential for bullying interventions in schools to limit the deterioration in mental health in victimized groups.
Clinical outcomes following preimplantation genetic testing and microdissecting junction region in couples with balanced chromosome rearrangement
Authors: Cheng Dehua , Hu Liang , Gong Fei , Yuan Shimin , Luo Keli , Wu Xianhong , Xie Pingyuan , Lu Changfu , Lu Guangxiu , Tan Yue-Qiu , Lin Ge 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to summarize the clinical outcomes of apparently balanced chromosome rearrangement (ABCR) carriers in preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) cycles by next-generation sequencing following microdissecting junction region (MicroSeq) to distinguish non-carrier embryos from balanced carriers.

Methods
A retrospective study of 762 ABCR carrier couples who requested PGT for structural rearrangements combined with MicroSeq at the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya was conducted between October 2014 and October 2019.

Results
Trophectoderm biopsy was performed in 4122 blastocysts derived from 917 PGT-SR cycles and 3781 blastocysts were detected. Among the 3781 blastocysts diagnosed, 1433 (37.9%, 1433/3781) were balanced, of which 739 blastocysts were carriers (51.57%, 739/1433) and 694 blastocysts were normal (48.43%, 694/1433). Approximately 26.39% of cycles had both carrier and normal embryo transfer, and the average number of biopsied blastocysts was 6.7. In the cumulative 223 biopsied cycles with normal embryo transfer, all couples chose to transfer the normal embryos. In the 225 cycles with only carrier embryos, the couples chose to transfer the carrier embryos in 169/225 (75.11%) cycles. A total of 732 frozen embryo transfer cycles were performed, resulting in 502 clinical pregnancies. Cumulatively, 326 babies were born; all of these babies were healthy and free of any developmental issues.

Conclusion
Our study provides the first evaluation of the clinical outcomes of a large sample with ABCR carrier couples undergoing the MicroSeq-PGT technique and reveals its powerful ability to distinguish between carrier and non-carrier balanced embryos.
Machine learning for multi-dimensional optimisation and predictive visualisation of laser machining
Authors: McDonnell Michael D. T. , Arnaldo Daniel , Pelletier Etienne , Grant-Jacob James A. , Praeger Matthew , Karnakis Dimitris , Eason Robert W. , Mills Ben 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInteractions between light and matter during short-pulse laser materials processing are highly nonlinear, and hence acutely sensitive to laser parameters such as the pulse energy, repetition rate, and number of pulses used. Due to this complexity, simulation approaches based on calculation of the underlying physical principles can often only provide a qualitative understanding of the inter-relationships between these parameters. An alternative approach such as parameter optimisation, often requires a systematic and hence time-consuming experimental exploration over the available parameter space. Here, we apply neural networks for parameter optimisation and for predictive visualisation of expected outcomes in laser surface texturing with blind vias for tribology control applications. Critically, this method greatly reduces the amount of experimental laser machining data that is needed and associated development time, without negatively impacting accuracy or performance. The techniques presented here could be applied in a wide range of fields and have the potential to significantly reduce the time, and the costs associated with laser process optimisation.