bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-related Dysregulation of Autophagy Contributes to Microglial Dysfunction and Chronic Neurobehavioral Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ritzel Rodney , Li Yun , Lei Zhuofan , Carter Jordan , He Junyun , Choi Harry , Khan Niaz , Li Hui , Allen Samantha , Lipinski Marta M , Faden Alan I , Wu Junfang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Elderly patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have greater mortality and poorer outcomes than younger individuals. Given the critical role for autophagy in promoting the cellular degradation of damaged organelles and the negative impact of aging on this protective mechanism, we hypothesized that treatment with an autophagic inducer such as trehalose may be a promising therapeutic strategy for TBI aged animals. Methods: Controlled cortical impact was used to induce moderate TBI in male C57BL/6 mice. Young (10 weeks) or old (18 months) animals were evaluated behaviorally for 12 weeks after injury. Autophagy, inflammation, and neurodegeneration were examined using NanoString analysis, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Trehalose or sucrose as a control were administered in drinking water beginning day1 post-injury for 8 weeks. Results: Aged mice had a higher mortality rate than young mice at 12 weeks post-injury. At 12 weeks, aged mice showed greater cognitive deficits and depression than younger animals. There were also larger lesion volumes and increased microglial activation in aged TBI mice at 16 weeks post-injury. NanoString analysis identified several age- and TBI-specific genes changes that were differentially expressed in the chronically injured brain, including those involved with the complement, phagocytosis, and autophagy pathways. Flow cytometry demonstrated temporal dysregulation of phagocytosis and autophagy in microglia from injured mice that were exacerbated with age and accompanied by an increased inflammation and lymphocyte infiltration. Old TBI mice treated with trehalose exhibited either more delayed deficits or enhanced recovery in cognitive and motor tasks. In addition, Trehalose treatment modified expression of autophagy markers and attenuated the microglial response to TBI. Conclusions: Our data indicate that microglia undergo chronic changes in autophagic regulation with both normal aging and TBI that are associated with poorer functional outcome. Enhancing autophagy may therefore be a promising clinical therapeutic strategy for TBI, especially in older patients.
Neural Substrates for the Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhou Cheng , Guo Tao , Huang Peiyu , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Minming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Mounting evidence revealed a causally protective effect of cigarette smoking on the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Meanwhile, cigarette smoking also was found to be associated with cognitive impairment in PD patients. However, the neural substrates of the protective and harmful effects of cigarette smoking on PD are not fully illustrated. Therefore, in this study, we explored the neural substrates for the protective and harmful effects of cigarette smoking on PD.Methods: A total of 129 PD patients and 69 controls were recruited from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort, including 39 PD patients with regular smoking history (PD-S), 90 PD patients without regular smoking history (PD-NS), 26 healthy controls with regular smoking history (HC-S) and 43 healthy controls without regular smoking history (HC-NS). Striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and gray matter (GM) volume of the whole brain were compared among the four groups.Results: PD patients showed significantly reduced striatal DAT binding compared with healthy controls, and HC-S showed significantly reduced striatal DAT binding compared with HC-NS. Moreover, smoking and PD showed a significant interaction effect in the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). PD-S showed reduced GM volume in the left mPFC compared with PD-NS.Conclusions: This study is the first to reveal the neural substrates for both the protective and harmful effects of smoking on PD. The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD results in a substantial reduction of the DAT and dopamine levels. Nicotine may act as a stimulant to inhibit the action of striatal DAT, increasing dopamine levels in the synaptic gap. The inverse alterations of dopamine levels between PD and nicotine addiction may be the neural substrates for the protective effect of smoking on the risk of PD. In addition, the mPFC atrophy in PD-S may be the neural substrates for the harmful impact of smoking on PD.
Design and Simulation of Electrochemical Equivalent Circuit for Extended-gate FET pH Sensor Based on Experimental Value Using LTSPICE XVII
Authors: Hashim Shaiful Bakhtiar , Zulkifli Zurita , Herman Sukreen Hana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A SPICE model for extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) based pH sensor was developed using standard discrete components. Capacitors and resistors were used to represent the sensing and reference electrodes in the EGFET sensor system and the values of the discrete component were varied to see the output of the transistor. These variations were done to emulate the EGFET sensor output in different pH values. It was found that the experimental transfer and output characteristics of the EGFET were very similar to those from the SPICE simulation. Other than that, the changes of value components in the equivalent circuit did not affect the transfer and output characteristics graph, but the capacitor value produced significant output variation in the simulation. This can be related to the modification on the equivalent circuit was done with additional voltage, VSB (source to bulk) to produce the different VT values at different pH.
Identifying Long-Term Effects of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Association with Social Determinants of Health in a Cohort of Over One Million COVID-19 Survivors
Authors: Mukherjee Sumit , Kshirsagar Meghana , Becker Nicholas , Xu Yixi , Weeks William B , Patel Shwetak , Ferres Juan Lavista , Jackson Michael L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite an abundance of information on the risk factors of SARS-CoV-2, large scale studies of long-term effects are lacking. In this paper we analyzed a large medical claims database of US based individuals to identify common long-term effects as well as their associations with various social and medical risk factors.Methods: The medical claims database was obtained from a prominent US based claims data processing company, namely Change Healthcare. In addition to the claims data, the dataset also consisted of various social determinants of health such as race, income, education level and veteran status of the individuals. A self-controlled cohort design (SCCD) observational study was performed to identify ICD-10 codes whose proportion was significantly increased in the outcome period compared to the control period to identify significant long-term effects. A logistic regression-based association analysis was then performed between identified long-term effects and social determinants of health.Results: Among the over 1.37 million COVID patients in our datasets we found 36 out of 1,724 3-digit ICD-10 codes to be statistically significantly increased in the post-COVID period (p-value <0.05). We also found one combination of ICD-10 codes, corresponding to ‘other anemias’ and ‘hypertension’, that was statistically significantly increased in the post-COVID period (p-value <0.05). Our logistic regression-based association analysis with social determinants of health variables, after adjusting for comorbidities and prior conditions, showed that age and gender were significantly associated with the multiple long-term effects. Race was only associated with ‘other sepsis’, income was only associated with ‘Alopecia areata’, while education level was only associated with ‘Maternal infectious and parasitic diseases’ (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: We identified several long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 through a self-controlled study on a cohort of over one million patients. Furthermore, we found that while age and gender are commonly associated with the long-term effects, other social determinants of health such as race, income and education levels have rare or no significant associations.
A Tensor Based Stacked Fuzzy Networks for Efficient Data Regression
Authors: Li Jie , Hu Jiale , Zhao Guoliang , Huang Sharina , Liu Yang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Random vector functional link and extreme learning machine have been extended by the type-2 fuzzy sets with vector stacked methods, this extension leads to a new way to use tensor to construct learning structure for the type-2 fuzzy sets-based learning framework. In this paper, type-2 fuzzy sets-based random vector functional link, type-2 fuzzy sets-based extreme learning machine and Tikhonov-regularized extreme learning machine are fused into one network, a tensor way of stacking data is used to incorporate the nonlinear mappings when using type-2 fuzzy sets. In this way, the network could learning the sub-structure by three sub-structures' algorithms, which are merged into one tensor structure via the type-2 fuzzy mapping results. To the stacked single fuzzy neural network, the consequent part parameters learning are implemented by unfolding tensor-based matrix regression. The newly proposed stacked single fuzzy neural network shows a new way to design the hybrid fuzzy neural network with the higher order fuzzy sets and higher order data structure. The effective of the proposed stacked single fuzzy neural network are verified by the classical testing benchmarks and several statistical testing methods.
Novel Method to Remove Bilirubin from the Blood of Jaundiced Rats: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lu Qiang , Ding Hong-Fan , Wan Yong , Yu Jia-Wei , Ren Lu , Zhang Xu-Feng , Lv Yi , Hao Jie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND The removal of bilirubin from serum is the primary method for treating hyperbilirubinemia. However, currently used treatment methods have several limitations.AIMTo introduce a novel method to remove bilirubin from the blood of jaundiced rats.METHODS This novel therapy involved cross-circulation of blood between a rat liver preserved in vitro and a rat with hyperbilirubinemia. The liver was perfused with blood from the model animal, resulting in the clearance of serum bilirubin. Twenty rats with jaundice caused by acute liver failure induced using D-galactosamine were treated. All model animals were randomly divided into two groups based on whether they received the novel therapy. Serum samples were collected before modelling, at the beginning of treatment, and 2 hours after treatment. The levels of serum transaminase and bilirubin were detected and compared between different time points. Histological examination of the liver in vitro was also performed after the treatment. Long-term survival was compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis between rats who did and did not receive the novel treatment.RESULTSIn vitro, the liver could be perfused with the blood from the model animal through the portal vein. The bile produced by the liver after 1 hour of therapy was darker than the bile produced while harvesting. Across different hyperbilirubinemia models, serum total bilirubin level was significantly improved (24.8 ± 1.2 vs. 17.4 ± 1.2 μmol/L, P<0.05), despite a rise serum transaminase levels after treatment (AST: 4612 ± 382 vs. 5144 ± 390 U/L, P＞0.05; ALT: 5051 ± 722 vs. 5488 ± 707 U/L, P＜0.05). No necrosis was found in the preserved liver tissue after treatment, and the hepatic lobule structure was normal. Hepatocyte necrosis was not found on histological examination. This novel treatment significantly raised the long-term survival rates of jaundiced rats (P <0.05).CONCLUSIONThis novel method could safely and effectively help eliminate bilirubin from the blood of jaundiced rats.
Histone Demethylase KDM5B Catalyzed H3k4me3 Demethylation to Promote Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes
Authors: li Hongxiao , Zhong Chenlu , Wang Zhen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that histone H3 methylation is involved in regulating the differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs). KDM5B can specifically reduce the level of histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), thereby activating the expression of related genes and participating in biological processes such as cell differentiation, embryonic development and tumor formation. Whether KDM5B is involved in the regulation of BMSCs differentiation into cardiomyocytes through the above manner has not been reported.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of KDM5B on the induction and differentiation of swine BMSCs into myocardial cells in vitro.METHODS: Swine bone marrow BMSCs were isolated and cultured, and the overexpression, interference expression and blank vector of KMD5B were constructed and transfected by lentivirus. BMSCs was induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes by 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) in vitro, and the differentiation efficiency was compared by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, Western Blot and whole-cell patch clamp detection.RESULT: Compared with the control group, the expression levels of histone H3K4me3 and pluripotency gene Nanog in KDM5B overexpression group were significantly decreased, while the expression level of key myocardial gene HCN4 was significantly increased, and the Na+ current density on the surface of differentiated myocardial cell membrane was significantly increased. Meanwhile, the corresponding results of the KDM5B silent expression group were just opposite. CONCLUSIONS: It indicated that enhanced KDM5B expression could promote the differentiation of BMSCs into cardiomyocytes and improve the differentiation efficiency by controlling H3K4 methylation levels..
Genetic Variability Screening of the Leptolyngbya Boryana with Expressed ChrR Gene for the Biotransformation of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) Reduction
Authors: Yadav Ajit Pratap Singh , Dwivedi Vinay , Kumar Satyendra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chromium is well known pollutant for its mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity in humans. Excessive uses of chromium in leather tanning industries, stainless-steel production, and wood preservatives have resulted as chromium contamination in soil and water. This investigation indicates the effective use of Leptolyngbya boryana as an eco-friendly option to overcome Chromium (VI) toxicity in tannery effluents. The main objective of this research was to find out ChrR gene and its variability in the context of Cr (VI) stress. This is a novel study in the relation of Leptolyngbya boryana. Industrial polluted soil samples were collected and processed according to the standard protocols for ChrR variation and 16S rRNA gene. DNA was isolated and amplified through PCR. Amplified DNA was sequenced and aligned with the known sequences. In this study a strong co-relation was established in the nucleotide sequences of ChrR and 16S rRNA genes. MIC was determined for Cr (VI) and pure strains of Leptolyngbya boryana were identified and isolated from soil. In the present study presence of ChrR gene variability was recorded in Leptolyngbya boryana which is a cyanobacterium in the soil of tannery effluent under Cr (VI) stressed condition and its gene variability was confirmed by sequencing. We can conclude that Leptolyngbya boryana strain could be eco-friendly option to overcome Chromium (VI) toxicity in tannery effluents.
In Utero Exposure to Simulated Complex Urban Air Pollution Disturbs Intestinal Suckling-to-Weaning Transition in Mice
Authors: Guilloteau Eva , COLL Patrice , LU Zhuyi , DJOUINA Madjid , CAZAUNAU Mathieu , WAXIN Christophe , BERGE Antonin , CABOCHE Ségolène , GRATIEN Aline , HOT David , DUBUQUOY Laurent , LAUNAY David , VIGNAL Cécile , LANONE Sophie , Body-Malapel Mathilde 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Emerging data indicate that prenatal exposure to air pollution may lead to higher susceptibility to several non-communicable diseases. Limited research has been conducted due to difficulties in modelling realistic air pollution exposure. In this study, pregnant mice were exposed from gestational day 10 to 17 to an atmosphere representative of a 2013 pollution event in Beijing, China. Intestinal homeostasis and microbiota were assessed in both male and female offspring during the suckling-to-weaning transition.
Results

Sex-specific differences were observed in progeny of gestationally-exposed mice. In utero exposed males exhibited decreased villus and crypt length, vacuolation abnormalities, and lower levels of tight junction protein ZO-1 in ileum. They showed an upregulation of absorptive cell markers and a downregulation of neonatal markers in colon. Cecum of in utero exposed male mice also presented a deeply unbalanced inflammatory pattern. By contrast, in utero exposed female mice displayed less severe intestinal alterations, but included dysregulated expression of Lgr5 in colon, Tjp1 in cecum, and Epcam, Car2 and Sis in ileum. Moreover, exposed female mice showed dysbiosis characterized by a decreased weighted UniFrac β-diversity index, a higher abundance of Bacteroidales and Coriobacteriales orders, and a reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.
Conclusion

Prenatal realistic modelling of an urban air pollution event induced sex-specific precocious alterations of structural and immune intestinal development in mice.
What about Adaptive Introgression? The Genomic Revolution Is Shaping Scientific and Public Perception
Authors: Horta Pedro , Raposeira Helena , Vaz Ana Sofia , António João , Juste Javier , Razgour Orly , Rebelo Hugo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Genetic miscegenation was historically perceived as a maladaptive process or even an imperfection of nature. However, through adaptive introgression, some species can share genes associated with well-adapted traits. Current scientific perceptions on the benefits of adaptive introgression can help to clarify how these paradoxes condition scientific progress and influence public beliefs and decision-making. We carried out a systematic review and bibliometric analysis using artificial intelligence on adaptive introgression evidence. The genomic revolution provided an exponential growing of evidence predominately interpreted as beneficial for species adaptation. We show that this remarkable increase on publications influences public perception in the medium-long term. Despite an initially emotional response, peoples’ final opinion tends to incorporate science-based evidence, although prejudices seem to influence peoples’ polarity opinion. We argue that developing the knowledge on adaptive introgression will allow to scientifically refute theories that promote genetic “purity”, used to justify racism and other forms of discrimination.
Combined Supplementation of Probiotics and Enzymes Improves Performance and Regulates Rumen Microbiota in Fattening Goats
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Chen Zili , Gao Qin , Li Peizhen , Wang Jingang , Cai Yu , Wang Zhibo , Li Dongxu , Li Huixia , Wang Feng , Zhang Yanli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of growth performance, slaughter performance, serum biochemical, immune and antioxidant indexes and rumen microflora fed with a basal diet (CON group), added B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (PRO group), supplemented with B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and enzyme preparations (COM group) on fattening goats.Methods: 39 male goats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 13 individuals in each group for feed period of 80 d. Goats were fed as follows: CON diet, PRO diet with B. subtilis and B. licheniformis, and COM diet with B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and compound enzymes.Results: ADFI of COM group significantly increased compared with CON group and PRO group (P < 0.01), as well as COM group and PRO group dramatically promoted ADG versus with CON group (P < 0.05). As a consequence, the body weight of fattening goats in the COM group was predominantly higher than that in the CON group (P < 0.01). In addition, the PRO group and COM group enhanced the TNF-α (P < 0.05) and IL-10 content (P < 0.01) in the serum. No differences were observed in serum biochemical and antioxidant indexes of three groups (P > 0.05). Likewise, the GR values of PRO group and COM group were noteworthy improved in comparison with CON group (P < 0.01). The VFA contents in rumen fluid were insignificantly different (P > 0.05). COM group also enriched the relative abundance of Proteobacteria compared with CON group and PRO group (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria decreased of PRO group and COM group in rumen fluid microorganisms (P < 0.05). Apparently, COM group significantly enriched nitrogen metabolism, glycolysis and TCA cycle (P < 0.05), whereas nucleotides biosynthesis was notably reduced (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The combined feed of probiotics and enzymes had more profound effects than probiotics feed. Consequently, supplementation with B. subtilis and B. licheniformis and enzymes in the basal diet of fattening goats, which could improve growth performance, slaughter performance, immunity and accommodate rumen microbiota.
Expression of CD44 in Monocyte and Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Franić Ivana , Mužinić Nikolina Režić , Markotić Anita , Živković Piero Marin , Vilović Marino , Rušić Doris , Božić Joško 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
CD44 expressed in monocytes and lymphocytes seems to play a crucial role in gastrointestinal inflammation, such as the one occurring in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Differentially methylated genes are distinctly expressed across monocyte subpopulations related to the state of Crohn's disease. Hence, the aim of this study was to detect CD44 expression at monocyte subpopulations, lymphocytes and granulocytes in relation to the type of IBD, therapy and disease duration. Monocyte subpopulations CD14++CD16−, CD14+CD16++ and CD14+CD16+, as well as other leukocytes, were analyzed for their CD44 expression using flow cytometry in 46 patients with IBD and 48 healthy controls. Patients with Crohn's disease treated with non-biological therapy (NBT) exhibited lower percentage of anti-inflammatory CD14+CD16++ monocytes, whereas NBT-treated patients with ulcerative colitis had lower expression of CD44 on CD14+CD44+ lymphocytes, in comparison to controls, respectively. Conversely, patients with Crohn's disease treated with biological therapy had higher percentage of CD44+ granulocytes, but lower expression of CD44 on anti-inflammatory monocytes compared to controls. Percentage of classical CD14++CD16- monocytes was lower in the <9 years of IBD duration subgroup, compared with the longer disease duration subgroup. The present study addresses the putative role of differentiation and regulation of monocyte and lymphocyte cells in tailoring IBD therapeutic regimes.