bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential hippocampal protein expression between normal mice and mice with the perioperative neurocognitive disorder: a proteomic analysis
Authors: Li Chuan , Li Jingzhu , Tao He , Shan Jinghua , Liu Fanghao , Deng Xiyuan , Lin Yanan , Lin Xu , Fu Li , Wang Bin , Bi Yanlin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To compare differential expression protein in hippocampal tissues from mice of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) and normal control mice and to explore the possible mechanism of PND.

Methods
Mice were randomly divided into a PND group (n = 9) and a control group (n = 9).The mice in the PND group were treated with open tibial fracture with intramedullary fixation under isoflurane anesthesia, while the mice in the control group received pure oxygen without surgery. The cognitive functions of the two groups were examined using Morris water maze experiment, Open field test and Fear conditioning test. The protein expression of the hippocampus of mice was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore the principal functions of dysregulated proteins.

Results
A total of 21 proteins were differentially expressed between PND and control mice on days 1, 3, and 7 after the operation. These proteins were involved in many pathological processes, such as neuroinflammatory responses, mitochondrial oxidative stress, impaired synaptic plasticity, and neuronal cell apoptosis. Also, the dysregulated proteins were involved in MAPK, AMPK, and ErbB signaling pathways.

Conclusion
The occurrence of PND could be attributed to multiple mechanisms.
TP53 wild-type/PPM1D mutant diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas are sensitive to a MDM2 antagonist
Authors: Xu Cheng , Liu Heng , Pirozzi Christopher J. , Chen Lee H. , Greer Paula K. , Diplas Bill H. , Zhang Liwei , Waitkus Matthew S. , He Yiping , Yan Hai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDiffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are high-grade tumors of the brainstem that often occur in children, with a median overall survival of less than one year. Given the fact that DIPGs are resistant to chemotherapy and are not amenable to surgical resection, it is imperative to develop new therapeutic strategies for this deadly disease. The p53 pathway is dysregulated byTP53(~ 60%) orPPM1Dgain-of-function mutations (~ 30%) in DIPG cases. PPM1D gain-of-function mutations suppress p53 activity and result in DIPG tumorigenesis. While MDM2 is a major negative regulator of p53, the efficacy of MDM2 inhibitor has not been tested in DIPG preclinical models. In this study, we performed a comprehensive validation of MDM2 inhibitor RG7388 in patient-derived DIPG cell lines established from bothTP53wild-type/PPM1D-mutant andTP53mutant/PPM1Dwild-type tumors, as well inTP53knockout isogenic DIPG cell line models. RG7388 selectively inhibited the proliferation of theTP53wild-type/PPM1Dmutant DIPG cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The anti-proliferative effects were p53-dependent. RNA-Seq data showed that differential gene expression induced by RG7388 treatment was enriched in the p53 pathways. RG7388 reactivated the p53 pathway and induced apoptosis as well as G1 arrest. In vivo, RG7388 was able to reach the brainstem and exerted therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic DIPG xenograft model. Hence, this study demonstrates the pre-clinical efficacy potential of RG7388 in theTP53wild-type/PPM1Dmutant DIPG subgroup and may provide critical insight on the design of future clinical trials applying this drug in DIPG patients.
In vitro antidermatophytic activity of bioactive compounds from selected medicinal plants
Authors: Savarirajan Daisy , Ramesh V. M. , Muthaiyan Arunachalam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFungal infections are among the most difficult diseases to manage in humans. Eukaryotic fungal pathogens share many similarities with their host cells, which impairs the development of antifungal compounds. Therefore, it is desirable to harness the pharmaceutical potential of medicinal plants for antifungal drug discovery. In this study, the antifungal activity of sixteen plant extracts was investigated against selected dermatophytic fungi. Of the sixteen plants, the cladode (leaf) ofAsparagus racemosus,and seed extract ofCassia occidentalisshowed antifungal activity againstMicrosporum gypseum,Microsporum nanum,Trichophyton mentagrophytesandTrichophyton terrestre. The plant antifungal compounds were located by direct bioassay againstCladosporium herbarum.IR and NMR spectrometry analyses of these compounds identified the presence of saponin (inA. racemosus) and hydroxy anthraquinone (inC. occidentalis) in these antifungal compounds. The antidermatophytic activity of plant anthraquinone and saponins with reports of little or no hemolytic activity, makes these compounds ideal for alternative antifungal therapy and warrants further in-depth investigation in vivo.
Removal of hematoma due to massive hemoptysis after transbronchial biopsy: a case report
Authors: Ueno Harushi , Tsubouchi Hideki , Nakanishi Keita , Sugiyama Tomoshi , Kadomatsu Yuka , Goto Masaki , Ozeki Naoki , Nakamura Shota , Fukui Takayuki , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening complication after transbronchial biopsy (TBB). Reports on massive hemoptysis occurring several days after TBB are scarce.

Case presentation
A 62-year-old man presented with massive hemoptysis and was admitted to hospital as an emergency on the eighth day after TBB. On the 12th day after TBB, computed tomography showed complete atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes. The patient underwent emergent right upper lobectomy. The right upper lobe bronchus was separated with a scalpel, the hematoma was pulled out with forceps, and the bronchus subsequently sutured shut. The patient was discharged from the hospital uneventfully.

Conclusions
We experienced a case of massive hemoptysis on the eighth day after TBB, which required emergency surgery due to persistent bleeding into the airway and airway obstruction during follow-up. Postoperative pneumonia and atelectasis could be prevented by manual removal of the residual hematoma.
The application of close incisional negative pressure wound therapy in revision arthroplasty among asian patients: a comparative study
Authors: Chan Ping Keung , Fung Wing Chiu , Lam Kar Hei , Chan Winnie , Chan Vincent Wai Kwan , Fu Henry , Cheung Amy , Cheung Man Hong , Yan Chun Hoi , Chiu Kwong Yuen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) was one of the main causes of revision of arthroplasty. In order to reduce wound complications and surgical site infections, close incisional negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) has been introduced into arthroplasty. This study was designed to review the clinical benefits of the application of ciNPWT in revision arthroplasty.

Methods
This was a single-centre retrospective comparative study approved by the Institutional Review Board. Patients, who underwent revision total knee arthroplasty or revision total hip arthroplasty at the author’s institution from January 2016 to October 2019, were included in this study. The ciNPWT cohort included all eligible patients, who underwent operations from January 2018 to October 2019, with the use of ciNPWT(n = 36). The control cohort included all eligible patients, who underwent operations from January 2016 to December 2017 with the use of conventional dressing(n = 48). The incidences of wound complications were compared to both cohorts.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of superficial surgical site infection (SSI) between control cohort and ciNPWT cohort (12.5% in control vs 0% in ciNPWT, p = 0.035). However, there was no statistically significance of the overall wound complication rate for both cohorts. (14.6% in control vs 8.3% in ciNPWT, p = 0.504).

Conclusions
The application of ciNPWT could result in a lower rate of superficial surgical site infection when compared with conventional dressing among the patients undergoing revision total knee and total hip arthroplasties.

Trial registration
UW19-706
Effects of manual hyperinflation with rib cage compression and endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gas parameters in mechanically ventilated patients at a university hospital, Egypt
Authors: Khalil Nahla Shaaban , Ismaeel Manal Sayed , Askar Ahmed Hassan , Sayed Mohamed Soliman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Manual hyperinflation and expiratory rib cage compression are methods of chest physiotherapy. They are commonly applied but their value and their early utilization managing mechanically ventilated remain questionable. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of manual hyperinflation with rib cage compression and endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gas parameters in mechanically ventilated patients.

Results
Seventy mechanically ventilated patients at a teaching hospital in Egypt were assigned to the clinical trial study. The age of more than half of the studied samples ranged between 60 and 69 years with a mean age of 53.64 ± 16.44 years. Initially, the ABG parameters were assessed. Then, the patients were exposed to manual hyperinflation for 5 min and 20 min external expiratory chest compression followed by endotracheal suctioning. Later, ABG parameters were assessed again and compared to the initial one. The findings revealed significant differences in ABG parameters before and after completion of MHI and ERCC and ETT suctioning in relation to PaO2 (t = 3.892) and SaO2 (t= 5.904). Also, it showed significant improvement in PaO2 and SaO2 after the completion of interventions, while no significant differences were found in other ABG parameters. This study was registered retrospectively with an ISRCTN number 39983 on 5/6/2021.

Conclusion
Applying manual hyperinflation with rib cage compression and endotracheal suctioning improved mainly the arterial oxygenation parameters in mechanically ventilated patients despite no significant changes observed in other ABG parameters.
Predictors of Population Awareness of Cancer Genetic Tests: Implications for Enhancing Equity in Engaging in Cancer Prevention and Precision Medicine
Authors: Giri Veda N. , Shimada Ayako , Leader Amy E. 
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE Racial and ethnic disparities in genetic awareness (GA) can diminish the impact of personalized cancer treatment and risk assessment. We assessed factors predictive of GA in a diverse population–based sample to inform awareness strategies and reduce disparities in genetic testing. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to August 2019, with the survey e-mailed to 7,575 adult residents in southeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Constructs from National Cancer Institute Health Information and National Trends Survey assessed cancer attitudes or beliefs, health literacy, and numeracy. Characteristics were summarized with mean ± standard deviation for numeric variables and frequency counts and percentages for categorical variables. Comparison of factors by race or ethnicity (non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black) and sex was conducted by t-tests, chi-square, or Fisher's exact tests. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to identify factors independently predictive of GA. RESULTS Of 1,557 respondents, data from 940 respondents (the mean age was 45 ± 16.2 years, 35.5% males, and 23% non-Hispanic Blacks) were analyzed. Factors associated with higher GA included female gender ( P < .001), non-Hispanic White ( P < .001), college education ( P < .001), middle-higher income ( P < .001), stronger belief in genetic basis of cancer ( P < .001), lower cancer fatalism ( P = .004), motivation for cancer information ( P < .001), and higher numeracy ( P = .002). On multivariate analysis, college education (odds ratio [OR] 1.79; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.63), higher motivation for cancer information (OR 1.56; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.09), stronger belief in genetics of cancer (OR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.48 to 3.30), and higher medical literacy (OR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.65) predicted greater GA. CONCLUSION This population-based study conducted in the precision medicine era identified novel modifiable factors, importantly perceptions of cancer genetics and medical literacy, as predictive of GA, which informs strategies to promote equitable engagement in genetically based cancer care.
Patterns of Early Life Weight Gain and Female Onset of Puberty
Authors: Bleil Maria E , Appelhans Bradley M , Gregorich Steven E , Thomas Alexis S , Hiatt Robert A , Roisman Glenn I , Booth-LaForce Cathryn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Context
Prepubertal obesity is a well-established predictor of earlier pubertal onset, which is itself a risk factor for poor health and well-being. Identifying specific patterns of weight gain in early life may help explain differential risk for earlier pubertal onset.

Objective
The objective of the study was to examine patterns of weight gain across infancy and early childhood in relation to pubertal onset outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants
Participants were 426 girls in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, a longitudinal birth cohort of children and their families followed between birth and adolescence.

Main Outcome Measures
Three pubertal onset outcomes were examined, including age at menarche and ages at Tanner stage II for dimensions of breast and pubic hair development.

Results
In infancy (birth to 15 months), greater percent weight gain and higher birthweight predicted earlier pubertal onset for all outcomes (Ps &lt; 0.05). In early childhood (24 months to grade 1), body mass index (BMI) trajectories reflecting BMI values that were persistently high or changed from low to high over time (vs BMI values that were stable at median or low levels), predicted younger ages at menarche and the onset of breast (Ps &lt; 0.05), but not pubic hair (Ps &gt; 0.05), development. All associations were independent of breastfeeding, maternal menarcheal age, and race/ethnicity.

Conclusions
Distinct patterns of early life weight gain predict differential risk for earlier onset puberty. Focusing on these patterns for earlier and more targeted intervention may help lessen life course linkages between prepubertal obesity, accelerated pubertal development, and negative postpubertal outcomes.
Aesthetics in a Changing World—Reflecting the Anthropocene Condition through the Works of Jason deCaires Taylor and Robert Smithson
Authors: Hüpkes Philip , Dürbeck Gabriele 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on an important aspect of aesthetics in the context of the Anthropocene: the situatedness of aesthetic techniques and operations within earth’s (changing) materiality. Aesthetics is not only a way of making sensible but also contributes ontologically to the world it makes sensible. In this view aesthetics does not rely on a subject’s capacity to apprehend the world as a perceptually objectifiable entity. Focusing on works by Jason deCaires Taylor (Anthropocene and La Gardinera de la Esperanza) and Robert Smithson (Spiral Jetty), the authors interrogate how artistic engagements with anthropocenic materiality and temporality have the potential to articulate a double bind between aesthetics and ontology. Both artists not only allow recipients to be confronted with complex earthly entanglements but also have a material and aesthetic impact on their respective sites. Discussing deCaires Taylor’s and Smithson’s works, the authors argue that the artists’ aesthetics is not only a way of granting experiential access to an earth that resists objectification but also a manifestation of the processes through which earth’s materiality transforms throughout time.
Unleashing frugal innovation in private higher education institutions via intellectual capital: a systematic literature review
Authors: Jayabalan Jayamalathi , Dorasamy Magiswary , Raman Murali , Sambasivan Murali , Harun Sharbani 
Published: November 2021

Background: Given the persistent challenges to the higher education business model, private higher education institutions (PHEIs) are exploring myriad ways to increase enrolment and income, while aggressively managing spending. Many PHEIs are facing financial distress and struggling because of decreasing budgets and declining revenue. Thus, carving unique strategies that direct the institution to focus on its core competencies, making additional budget cuts without compromising quality, developing new revenue streams, embracing new technology, and offering affordable programs, will ultimately lead to financial success. Frugal innovation (FI) can shed light on these challenges. Methods: This paper presents a systematic literature review to investigate and analyse prior research that focused on FI within the sphere of intellectual capital (IC) and information technology capabilities (ITC) research, and their relationships in PHEIs. Transfield’s five phases were employed to extract journal articles published over a thirty-year period (1990 to 2020) from major online databases using keyword searches. Although an initial search generated 76,025 papers, the search for IC and FI yielded 41 papers, and finally only two papers were selected as they clearly related IC with FI. Results: There was a research gap in the literature published from 1990 to 2020 regarding IC applications to achieve FI. This work revealed that IC and ITC research for FI in PHEI remain insufficiently explored. Conclusions: Further research is required on the evaluation model of IC, ITC and FI, methodologies, empirical analysis, and the development of measurement metrics. A limitation to this study is the number of keywords selected.
Leveraging biochemical reactions to unravel functional impacts of cancer somatic variants affecting protein interaction interfaces
Authors: Raimondi Francesco , Burkhart Joshua G. , Betts Matthew J. , Russell Robert B. , Wu Guanming 
Published: November 2021

Background: Considering protein mutations in their biological context is essential for understanding their functional impact, interpretation of high-dimensional datasets and development of effective targeted therapies in personalized medicine. Methods: We combined the curated knowledge of biochemical reactions from Reactome with the analysis of interaction-mediating 3D interfaces from Mechismo. In addition, we provided a software tool for users to explore and browse the analysis results in a multi-scale perspective starting from pathways and reactions to protein-protein interactions and protein 3D structures. Results: We analyzed somatic mutations from TCGA, revealing several significantly impacted reactions and pathways in specific cancer types. We found examples of genes not yet listed as oncodrivers, whose rare mutations were predicted to affect cancer processes similarly to known oncodrivers. Some identified processes lack any known oncodrivers, which suggests potentially new cancer-related processes (e.g. complement cascade reactions). Furthermore, we found that mutations perturbing certain processes are significantly associated with distinct phenotypes (i.e. survival time) in specific cancer types (e.g. PIK3CA centered pathways in LGG and UCEC cancer types), suggesting the translational potential of our approach for patient stratification. Our analysis also uncovered several druggable processes (e.g. GPCR signalling pathways) containing enriched reactions, providing support for new off-label therapeutic options. Conclusions: In summary, we have established a multi-scale approach to study genetic variants based on protein-protein interaction 3D structures. Our approach is different from previously published studies in its focus on biochemical reactions and can be applied to other data types (e.g. post-translational modifications) collected for many types of disease.
Globalization and U.S. Corporate Tax Policies: Evidence from Import Competition
Authors: Chen Tao , Lin Chen , Shao Xiang 
Published: November 2021

This paper studies how globalization affects the corporate tax policies of U.S. manufacturing firms. Using U.S.-granting China Permanent Normal Trade Relations as a quasi-natural experiment, we find a significant increase in tax reduction activities for firms facing higher exposure to Chinese imports. The effect is more pronounced for firms with higher managerial slack. We also find that the effect is stronger for firms in less diversified products market and faster changing industries. We also show that U.S. firms facing higher Chinese import competition are more likely to engage in other tax-motivated activities: acquisition of subsidiaries in low-tax regions and suspected transfer pricing. Furthermore, we explore the 2017 tax cut and the recent U.S.-China trade dispute and find that firms engage less in tax reduction activities after the 2017 tax cut and after the tariff increase for Chinese imports. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.
Exploring using NVivo software to facilitate inductive coding for thematic narrative synthesis
Authors: Elliott-Mainwaring Helen 
Published: November 2021

Background The author conducted a review on how power and hierarchy affect staff safety in maternity services, using a narrative synthesis of staff voices from relevant literature. The review was coded using NVivo software. This article aims to evaluate NVivo as a tool for thematic narrative synthesis. Methods Selected papers were coded inductively using NVivo software, a subjective idealist approach to knowledge where iteration is achieved at the coding and synthesis stages of the process. Results NVivo proved to be a versatile tool; the imported files could be word or pdf, the import tab made it possible to upload images and audio files and information could be transferred from OneNote, Outlook and bibliographic software such as Endnote and RefWorks. NVivo software provided numerous options to explore data within different tabs. Users could create relationships between files and there were opportunities to display the findings in word clouds, hierarchies and clusters. Conclusions NVivo was a user-friendly tool for a novice user, facilitating coding for thematic narrative synthesis. A discussion of the review findings were explored in a previous article.
COVID-19 and clinical outcomes of pregnancy: a comparative study
Authors: Smith Valerie , Panda Sunita , O'Malley Deirdre , Vallejo Nora , Barry Paula 
Published: November 2021

Background A series of changes in maternity care provision were implemented internationally in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on maternal clinical outcomes, resulting from these changes to care provision. Methods A before and during comparative study of maternal pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum clinical outcomes was conducted at a maternity hospital in Ireland. Inferential statistics were used to compare datasets with significance set at P<0.05. Results Overall, no difference in caesarean section rates between the two study periods was observed, although more caesarean sections were observed in multiparous women during the pandemic (30% vs 35%, P=0.01). The rate of elective compared to emergency caesarean section was also higher during the pandemic, from a proportionate difference of 3.6% pre-pandemic to 13.6% during the pandemic. Rates of induction of labour for post-dates (post-maturity induction) were also increased during the pandemic. Conclusions The changes to maternity care because of the COVID-19 pandemic appear to have affected some maternal clinical outcomes, and thus, potentially, women's overall intrapartum and postnatal health and wellbeing.