bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome, Scoring and Comparison in People with and without COPD: Evidence From Shahrekord PERSIAN Cohort Study
Authors: Kiani Fatemeh Zeynab , Ahmadi Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Comorbidities are common in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and its components in people with and without COPD.
Methods
This population-based study was performed on 6961 adult years in the Shahrekord Prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran. Data collection, spirometry indexes and COPD diagnosis were performed according to the cohort protocol from 2015 to 2019. The data were analyzed by two-independent sample t-tests, chi-square, and logistic regression models. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. All analyses were conducted using stata statistical software: release 16 (stata Corp, College Station, Texas 77845 USA).
Result
The prevalence of MetS in patients with and without COPD was 28.4% and 31%, respectively. The most common component of MetS in people with COPD was low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (47.4%), waist circumference (WC) (43.9%), and High fasting blood sugar (FBS) (39.3%). There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of respiratory problems between people with and without MetS. The age above 60 years (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.72–2.80), woman gender (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.49–1.97), obesity (OR = 11.17, 95%CI: 9.02–13.62), illiterate education (OR = 1.80, 95%CI: 1.49–2.17), and living in urban (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.64–2.35) are stronger predictors of MetS in this population.
Conclusion
There was no significant difference in the prevalence of MetS between patients with and without COPD. spirometry parameters and respiratory problems in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome were significance.
Pulmonary Hamartoma Associated With Lung Cancer (PHALC Study): Results of a Multicenter Study
Authors: Fiorelli Alfonso , D’Andrilli Antonio , Carlucci Annalisa , Vicidomini Giovanni , Argento Giacomo , Marinucci Beatrice Trabalza , Ardissone Francesco , Rapanà Roberta , Sobrero Simona , Carbognani Paolo , Ventura Luigi , Bocchialini Giovanni , Ragusa Mark , Tassi Valentina , Sollitto Francesco , Loizzi Domenico , Ardò Nicoletta Pia , Anile Marco , Puma Francesco , Rendina Erino Angelo , Venuta Federico , Serra Nicola , Santini Mario 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
PURPOSEPulmonary hamartoma is the most common benign tumor of the lung. We analyzed a 20-year historical series of patients with pulmonary hamartoma undergoing surgical resection, aiming to evaluate the characteristics, the outcomes, and the association between hamartoma and lung cancer. METHODSIt was a retrospective multicenter study including the data of all consecutive patients with pulmonary hamartoma undergoing surgical resection. The end-points were to evaluate: i) the characteristics of hamartoma, ii) outcomes, iii) whether hamartoma was a predictive factor for lung cancer development RESULTSOur study population included 540 patients. Upfront surgical or endoscopic resection was performed in 385 (71%) cases while in the remaining 155 (29%) cases, the lesions were resected 20±3.5 months after diagnosis due to increase in size. In most cases, lung sparing resection was carried out including enucleation (n=259; 48%) and wedge resection (n=230; 43%) while 5 (1%) patients underwent endoscopic resection. Only two patients (0,2%) had major complications. One patient (0.23%) had recurrence after endoscopic resection, while no cases of malignant degeneration were seen (mean follow-up: 103.3±93 months). Seventy-six patients (14%) had associated lung cancer, synchronous in 9 (12%) and metachronous in 67 (88%). Only age > 70-year-old (p=0.0059) and smokers >20 cigarettes/day (p<0.0001) were the significant risk factors for cancer development on logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONSSurgical resection of hamartoma is a safe procedure; recurrence and malignant degeneration are very uncommon and the association between hamartoma and lung cancer seems to be a spurious phenomenon.
Rapid and stable mobilization of fully functional spike-specific CD8+ T cells preceding a mature humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Thimme Robert , Oberhardt Valerie , Luxenburger Hendrik , Kemming Janine , Schulien Isabel , Ciminski Kevin , Giese Sebastian , Janowska Iga , Staniek Julian , Wild Katharina , Lang-Meli Julia , Csernalabics Benedikt , Basho Kristi , Marinescu Mircea , Fuchs Jonas , Topfstedt Fernando , Janda Ales , Sogukpinar Oezlem , Hilger Hanna , Stete Katarina , Emmerich Florian , Bengsch Bertram , Sagar Sagar , Waller Cornelius , Rieg Siegbert , Zoldan Katharina , Boettler Tobias , Kochs Georg , Schwemmle Martin , Rizzi Marta , Neumann-Haefelin Christoph , Hofmann Maike 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccines mediate protection from severe disease as early as 10 days post prime vaccination, when specific antibodies are hardly detectable and still lack neutralizing activity. Vaccine-induced T cells, especially CD8+ T cells, may thus be the main mediators of protection at this early stage. The details of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell induction after prime/boost vaccination, their comparison to naturally induced CD8+ T cell responses and their association with other arms of vaccine-induced adaptive immunity remain, however, incompletely understood. Here, we show on a single epitope level that both, a stable memory precursor pool of spike-specific CD8+ T cells and fully functional spike-specific effector CD8+ T cell populations, are vigorously mobilized as early as one week after prime vaccination when CD4+ T cell and spike-specific antibody responses are still weak and neutralizing antibodies are lacking. Boost vaccination after 3 weeks induced a full-fledged recall expansion generating highly differentiated CD8+ effector T cells, however, neither the functional capacity nor the memory precursor T cell pool was affected. Compared to natural infection, vaccine-induced early memory T cells exhibited similar frequencies and functional capacities but a different subset distribution dominated by effector memory T cells at the expense of self-renewing and multipotent central memory T cells. Our results indicate that spike-specific CD8+ T cells may represent the major correlate of early protection after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA/bnt162b2 prime vaccination that precede other effector arms of vaccine-induced adaptive immunity and are stably maintained after boost vaccination.
ESCO2 Inhibits p53 Transcription and Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Ming , Ma Yinan , Wang Enhua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to reveal the expression of the Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2 (ESCO2) in non-small-cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC) and the relevant mechanisms. Methods: ESCO2 expression and its correlation with the clinicopathological factors of NSCLC were evaluated via GEO database analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Transwell, MTT, and colony-forming assays were used to discover the effects of ESCO2 on cancer cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, Gene-Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA) was employed to investigate the effects of ESCO2 on possible carcinogenic pathways. Results: ESCO2 expression was found to be significantly higher in lung cancer tissues (2+and3+,73. 3%, 96/131;If added 1+,90.1%,118/131) than the adjacent tissues (0. 7%, 1/131). Besides, down-regulating ESCO2 expression could significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H460). Furthermore,p53 and its downstream target p21 were activated judging from the results of GSEA. However, transfection of siRNA-ESCO2 into the H1299 cell line without p53 resulted in no significant variations in terms of cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation, as well as the expression of p21 in these cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays proved that ESCO2 inhibits p53 expression during transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)analyses indicated that ESCO2 can interact with histone methyltransferase SETDB1 (SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1) in lung cells. Conclusion: The amount of ESCO2 shows an abnormal increase in lung cancer cells compared to normal bronchial epithelial cells. Besides, ESCO2 can promote the malignancy of lung cancer cells by interfering with the p53/p21 pathway.
Investigation of microstructure changes in Al2O3-YSZ coatings and YSZ coatings and their effect on thermal cycle life
Authors: Dai Meiqi , Song Xuemei , Lin Chucheng , Liu Ziwei , Zheng Wei , Zeng Yi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings and Al2O3-YSZ coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Their microstructural changes during thermal cycling were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the microstructure and microstructure changes of the two coatings were different, including crystallinity, grain orientation, phase, and phase transition. These differences are closely related to the thermal cycle life of the coating. There is a relationship between crystallinity and crack size. Changes in grain orientation are related to microscopic strain and cracks. Phase transition is the direct cause of coating failure. In this study, the relationship between the changes in the coating microstructure and the thermal cycle life is discussed in detail. The failure mechanism of the coating was comprehensively analyzed from a microscopic perspective.
Knowledge Attitude and Practice towards COVID-19 among the People of South Omo Zone Ethiopia
Authors: Jemal Ebrahim , Olbamo Tekle , Cherinet Getinet , Topo Moi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (abbreviated “COVID- 19”) is an emerging respiratory disease that is caused by a novel coronavirus and was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The main clinical symptoms of the virus include fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia, and dyspnea. Ethiopia is one of African countries that confirmed the virus and working on the condition. This study was aimed to investigate Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards COVID-19 among the people of South Omo Zone and specifically, the study was aimed to find out the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice score reported by respondents related to COVID-19. Methodology: this study used cross sectional survey method to identify factors that determine Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards COVID-19 and to compare Knowledge scores of different social and demographic groups. A total of 400 respondents were taken from two woreds of the Zone namely Hammer and Nyangatom woreda by using multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were used to analyze data. Descriptive statistics include average, t-test and chi-square test were used end binary logit model was used to identify the factors that determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of respondents towards COVID-19. Result: It was found that majority of the respondent have no knowledge, have no optimistic attitude and have no safe practice towards COVID-19. From the total sampled respondents, 53.5% have good knowledge, 55.75% have optimistic attitude and 44.25% respondents have safe practice towards COVID-19. Demographic characteristics, socio-economic factors and infrastructure barriers were found determining knowledge, attitude and practice of the respondents.Conclusion: most of the respondents in the study area have no knowledge towards COVID-19, have no optimistic attitude towards the final success in controlling the virus and they have no safe practice concerning the prevention methods of COVID-19. Demographic characteristics of the respondents and socio-economic factors are the most common factors which determined the knowledge, attitude and practice of the respondents towards COVID-19. From the economic status and having access to information perspective, those respondents that have high income and access to information have knowledge, optimistic attitude and good practice towards COVID-19 than those respondents that have low income and have no access to information. Health education programs, by targeting the lower knowledge individuals regarding COVID19, are essential for creating awareness, building positive attitude and maintain safe practices, supporting the low income groups could help the respondents to practice the prevention methods.
Health seeking behaviours and treatments received by Australian women with vulvodynia: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mitchell Alice , Armout Mike , Chalmers K Jane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Vulvodynia is a condition characterised by pain in the vulva lasting more than three months and for which no obvious aetiology can be found. It affects around 8% of women and has significant negative impacts on quality of life. There is a paucity of research on healthcare management pathways and the use of evidence-based treatments in an Australian community setting. Aims: To explore which healthcare professionals Australian women with vulvodynia seek treatment from, and which treatments are recommended, provided, or prescribed by these healthcare professionals.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from May 2019 to August 2019. Women were eligible to participate if they had been diagnosed with vulvodynia by a healthcare professional, were currently living in Australia, and were over 18 years old.Results: Fifty respondents meet the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 30.5 years. On average, respondents reported seeing four different types of healthcare professionals in the management of their vulvodynia, with general practitioners (GPs) (98%), medical specialists (96%), and physiotherapists (80%) being the three most commonly consulted. Most respondents reported seeing multiple GPs (>87%), multiple medical specialists (>77%), and multiple physiotherapists (50%). The most commonly prescribed interventions were pelvic floor down-training exercises (76%), topical (70%) and oral (70%) medication, and vulvodynia information (56%).Conclusions: Australian women with vulvodynia seek help from several professionals and receive a variety of treatments for their pain. Of concern is many treatments that are being offered clinically have very little peer-reviewed evidence of effectiveness in vulvodynia.
Interdisciplinary Distance Learning Workshop for IT Students
Authors: Andrianov I. A. , Rzheutskaya S. A. , Kharina M. V. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of research. The purpose of research is to present proposals for the development and use of technologies for automatic checking of problem solutions in the process of forming professional competencies of students of IT-directions in the information educational environment. The article analyzes the authors’ experience gained during the development and operation of a distance learning workshop for IT students, which implements the functions of automatic checking of problem solutions in various specialized disciplines. This approach made it possible to increase the effectiveness of teaching both in the process of classroom studies and in the organization of independent work of students.Methods and materials. The article presents the key points of the creation and development of the distance learning workshop, justifies its concept, according to which the learning workshop is an interdisciplinary resource, in which the function of automatic checking of problem solutions is subordinate to the main function of developing and consolidating the skills and abilities of an IT specialist. An approach to organizing automatic checking by testing the program code developed by a student in the process of solving an educational problem is presented, and an extension of this approach is proposed for organizing automatic checking in cases where the solution is not the program code, but, for example, a diagram, model or text document designed in accordance with the regulated rules. The architectural solution and some features of the implementation of the distance learning workshop are justified, its role in the educational process is determined. Results. The results of the use of the learning workshop in the process of teaching various courses are presented. The results of training in programming are the most significant, since this resource has been used for more than 15 years – during this time, extensive experience has been accumulated in its use, the results of training have been analyzed, and some problems have been identified and solved. An example of using the learning workshop in the course “Mathematical Logic and Theory of Algorithms” is presented, in which the implementation of automatic checking of problem solutions required non-standard solutions to refine the learning workshop. An additional useful function of the learning workshop as the means of developing English-language competence is presented.Conclusion. The results of the study show that the technologies of automatic checking of problem solutions and software based on them are an effective way to develop the professional skills of students of IT areas. Surveys of employers of graduates of IT areas allow us to conclude that there is a relationship between the results of students’ work recorded in a distance learning workshop during training, and their success in professional activities after graduation. Many of the graduates continue to use the learning workshop to further develop and train their professional skills – the resource is open.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Lacosamide for Focal Epileptic Patients: Study from Epilepsy Clinic in Makkah
Authors: Alkhotani Amal , Abualula Hanadi , Almatrafi Yasser , Ghomiem Sawsan , Alaa Alkhotani 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Lacosamide is characterized by its novel dual mode of action on account
of its structural components; its molecule contains a functional amino acid that selectively and
slowly promotes the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels.

Objective:
This study aims to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of Lacosamide with respect
to its use in the treatment of focal epileptic patients.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study used data collected from the clinical notes or diaries of
all epileptic patients who were treated in King Abdullah Medical City during the time period from
2014 to 2019. The multivariate Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) repeated measure logistic
regression analysis was used to assess the odds of having an improvised seizure rate.

Results:
Majority of the focal epileptic patients (57.9%) were diagnosed with temporal epilepsy,
while 26.3% patients had frontal epileptic lesion/diagnoses. Majority of the patients (54.4%) had received
a combination of old and new treatment. Out of the seven patients who reported side effects,
57.14% experienced dizziness and headache, tremors (n = 1), loss of balance (n = 1) and increased
seizure with abnormal vision acuity and psychosis (n = 1). 84.2% patients experienced reduced median
seizure frequency in 12-month period. However, on the basis of clinical characteristics, no significant
difference was observed in the seizure control rate. No statistically significant differences
were observed between male and female patients with respect to their average improvement rate
across the four time points.

Conclusion:
Lacosamide is an effective and well tolerable drug for patients with focal epilepsy.
English and uzbek toponymic phraseological units: Linguocultural and historical aspects
Authors: Xudoyorova Safura 
Published: May 2021

The present paper is devoted to investigation of English and Uzbek phraseological units which contain place names in their structure. An attempt is made to find out the sources of origin as well as to analyze them from linguocultural point of view. Toponymic phraseological units in both languages are classified into five main groups according to the emergence sources and particular attention is given to the historically associated phraseological units. Here the phraseological units that are based on the exact historical events and facts are discovered and explained. The author proposes two major groups of phraseological units concerning the existence of real place names in their structure. There are also revealed properties of real toponyms that stimulated the connection in the meaning of a proper name and a phraseological unit. Additional connotation of toponyms which influenced on the meaning of phraseological units are also discovered. The examples are taken from several English and Uzbek phraseological and paremiological dictionaries. The examples are analyzed by descriptive and comparative methods. Similarities and differences are found out due to national-cultural specifics of both languages.
A Virtual Reality–Based App to Educate Health Care Professionals and Medical Students About Inflammatory Arthritis: Feasibility Study
Authors: Klemm Philipp , Kleyer Arnd , Tascilar Koray , Schuster Louis , Meinderink Timo , Steiger Florian , Lange Uwe , Müller-Ladner Ulf , Knitza Johannes , Sewerin Philipp , Mucke Johanna , Pfeil Alexander , Schett Georg , Hartmann Fabian , Hueber Axel J , Simon David 
Published: May 2021

Background
Inflammatory arthritides (IA) such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis are disorders that can be difficult to comprehend for health professionals and students in terms of the heterogeneity of clinical symptoms and pathologies. New didactic approaches using innovative technologies such as virtual reality (VR) apps could be helpful to demonstrate disease manifestations as well as joint pathologies in a more comprehensive manner. However, the potential of using a VR education concept in IA has not yet been evaluated.

Objective
We evaluated the feasibility of a VR app to educate health care professionals and medical students about IA.

Methods
We developed a VR app using data from IA patients as well as 2D and 3D-visualized pathological joints from X-ray and computed tomography–generated images. This VR app (Rheumality) allows the user to interact with representative arthritic joint and bone pathologies of patients with IA. In a consensus meeting, an online questionnaire was designed to collect basic demographic data (age, sex); profession of the participants; and their feedback on the general impression, knowledge gain, and potential areas of application of the VR app. The VR app was subsequently tested and evaluated by health care professionals (physicians, researchers, and other professionals) and medical students at predefined events (two annual rheumatology conferences and academic teaching seminars at two sites in Germany). To explore associations between categorical variables, the χ2 or Fisher test was used as appropriate. Two-sided P values ≤.05 were regarded as significant.

Results
A total of 125 individuals participated in this study. Among them, 56% of the participants identified as female, 43% identified as male, and 1% identified as nonbinary; 59% of the participants were 18-30 years of age, 18% were 31-40 years old, 10% were 41-50 years old, 8% were 51-60 years old, and 5% were 61-70 years old. The participants (N=125) rated the VR app as excellent, with a mean rating of 9.0 (SD 1.2) out of 10, and many participants would recommend use of the app, with a mean recommendation score of 3.2 (SD 1.1) out of 4. A large majority (120/125, 96.0%) stated that the presentation of pathological bone formation improves understanding of the disease. We did not find any association between participant characteristics and evaluation of the VR experience or recommendation scores.

Conclusions
The data show that IA-targeting innovative teaching approaches based on VR technology are feasible.