bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Animal Remains in Estonia
Authors: Lõugas Lembi , Rannamäe Eve 
Published: March 2021

In Estonia, faunal remains have been an important part of archaeological material since the 19th century. During the 20th century, the interest in faunal history was rather volatile, but gained some stability during the 1990s. Since then, zooarchaeology in Estonia has developed substantially, focusing on a variety of topics. Together with methods from traditional zooarchaeology, interdisciplinary methods like the studies of ancient DNA and stable isotopes are increasingly used. However, despite the growing understanding of the importance of faunal remains in archaeological and historical research, there are still problems with collecting animal remains during the fieldwork and documenting and organising them. On the other hand, interest in scientific methods and destructive sampling of the osseous remains have become increasingly popular in science projects and international collaboration. In order to use osteological collections reasonably and ethically, proper systemisation is essential.In Estonia, there are two research centres for zooarchaeology, where scientific collections are administered – Tallinn University and the University of Tartu. Tallinn collections comprise material mostly from the northern part of the country, plus an extensive reference collection for fish has been developed there. In Tartu, mostly material from southern Estonia is managed, together with continuously expanding reference collection of mammals and birds. To improve the gathering and management of the osteological material in Estonia and reduce the shortage for storage space, a new central repository for osteological collections (both human and animal) was established in 2019. Concurrently, a new central database for the osteological data was created.In this paper, we introduce the zooarchaeological collections and some of the latest research topics in Estonia with an aim to broaden the understanding and potential of zooarchaeology in the Baltic region.
Good Governance and Leadership; Sustainable National Development with Good Governance and Leadership in Indonesia
Authors: Taryono Taryono , Anggraeni RR Dewi , Yunus Nur Rohim , Rezki Annissa 
Published: March 2021

A solid and responsible execution of construction management is referred to as good governance. Understanding the ideals behind good government is the secret to understanding it. A calculation of a government's success can be obtained by starting with the ideals in the philosophy of governance. As we enter the age of globalization and the introduction of regional sovereignty, the government's roles and obligations grow in tandem with the community's growing demand for fast, convenient, cheap, and decent services. The public wants the government to pay serious resources to fighting graft, collusion, and nepotism (KKN) in order to build a prosperous future. In this paper, a descriptive qualitative methodology is used with the aim of making it easier for writers to describe, analyze, and understand about Good Governance and Leadership.Keywords: Good Governance, Leadership, Governance AbstrakDalam konsep governance, pemerintah hanya menjadi salah satu actor dan tidak selalu menjadi aktor yang menentukan. Good Governance adalah suatu peyelegaraan manajemen pembangunan yang solid dan bertanggung jawab. Kunci utama memahami good governance adalah pemahaman atas prinsip-prinsip di dalamnya. Bertolak dari prinsip-prinsip dalam konsep governance akan didapatkan tolak ukur kinerja suatu pemerintahan. Memasuki era globalisasi dan pelaksanaan otonomi daerah, tugas dan tanggung jawab pemerintah kian meningkat sesuai dengan menguatnya tuntutan masyarakat untuk memberikan pelayanan yang cepat, mudah, murah,dan baik. Masyarakat menuntut agar pemerintahmemberikan perhatian yang sungguh-sungguhdalam menanggulangi korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme (KKN), sehingga tercipta pemerintahanyang bersih dan mampu menyediakan good pub-lic services sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis menggunakan metodologi kualitatif deskripsif dengan tujuan agar memperudah penulis dalam menjabarkan, menganalisa dan memahami mengenai Good Governance and Leadership.Kata Kunci: Good Governance, Leadership, Pemerintahan
The Roads to Understand «The Road to Serfdom» (Reflection on Biography of Friedrich Hayek and His Ideas)
Authors: Nureev Rustem , Latov Yury 
Published: March 2021

The article refers to the famous economist Friedrich Hayek, whose 120-th birthday anniversary year before last was barely noticed. It should be mentioned that in the 1990-s, when liberal ideas were popular, he was considered to be one of the most outstanding economists of the 20th century. But nowadays the ideas of Hayek are presented more likely for exhibiting extreme liberal approaches rather than for their relevant practical application. The research gives an insight into his biography, which includes the description of similar highs and lows in his popularity during his lifetime. In 1944 after the book «The Road to Serfdom» was published, as well as in 1974 after winning the Nobel Prize, he was at the highest of his fame unlike the period of the1950-s and 1960-s when his views were barely demanded. There is a number of other strange issues in his personal biography as well as in the development of his ideas. As the representative of fourth generation of the Austrian School, he witnessed how this scientific school completely emigrated from Austria. Although he is regarded to be a distinguished economist, political analysts and philosophers refer to his ideas almost more frequently than economists. The authors of the present article proposed a problem-based approach to be used for understanding Hayek’s biography and his ideas. This included not only identifying the oddities in evolution of Hayek’s ideas and of the Austrian School as a whole, but also providing the rationale for them, which was based on highlighting the relationship between development of doctrinal economic ideas and «the spirit of the age». Special emphasis in the research was placed on explaining the historical background of the most famous work of Friedrich Hayek «The Road to Serfdom». The article was produced by the editors of joint monograph «The Road to Hayek» (Moscow: KNORUS, 2021. — 224 p., which is being published), who were influenced by reflection on variety of approaches to Hayek’s ideas and their significance.
Human Biomaterials, Organs and Tissues as Objects of Crime
Authors: Kochoi Samvel , Grebenkina Irina 
Published: March 2021

During the fourth industrial revolution 3D print technologies became one of the prospective trends in regenerative medicine that offer new opportunities for treating people and conducting research; they make it possible to solve the problem of deficit of human organs and tissues for transplantation and, at the same time, to put an end to trade in human organs and issues. However, it is impossible to achieve the goals of regenerative medicine without settling a number of urgent civil and criminal law questions, and the presented study is devoted to searching the answers to these questions. The authors apply the methodologies of weighing the interests, legal analysis, unity of theory and practice, and legal axiology to discuss the questions of the legal regime of biomaterials, biosamples used for 3D-bioprinted organs and tissues, 3D-bioprinted organs and tissues themselves, as well as human organs and (or) tissues in criminal legislation. Based on this research, they suggest recognizing biomaterials, biosamples and 3D-printed organs as property and objects of proprietary interests by singling out their specific features. Since the development of additive manufacturing and 3D-printing is supposed to put an end to trade in human organs and tissues, the paper presents recommendations on improving the criminal law norms as a vital method of criminal law counteraction to the abovementioned crimes in general. Specifically, they formulate the idea on widening the object of crime in Art. 120 of the Criminal Code, present additional arguments regarding the possibility of recognizing human biomaterials, organs and (or) tissues as objects of crimes against property, as well as suggest supplementing Chapter 25 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with a norm on liability for illegal deals involving human biomaterials, organs and (or) tissues.
Karakteristik Fisik dan Total Bakteri Kefir Susu Kerbau yang Diproduksi pada Suhu Ruang
Authors: Rizqiati Heni , Nurwantoro Nurwantoro , Susanti Siti , Al-Baarri Ahmad Ni'matullah , Prayoga Mohammad Ihsan Yahya 
Published: March 2021

Pemanfaatan susu kerbau Indonesia masih sangat terbatas dan hanya diolah menjadi beberapa makanan tradisional seperti dali dan dadih serta masih sedikit yang digunakan sebagai kefir.Penelitian bertujuan untukmengembangkan teknologi pengolahan susu kerbau menjadi produk kefir. Bahan utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah susu kerbau segar dari Sumatera Utara dan kefir grain. Waktu inkubasi yang digunakan adalah selama 48 jam dengan periode pengamatan 12 jam. Parameter yang merupakan karakteristik fisik yang diamati adalahtotal padatan, solid non fat (SNF), berat jenis, pH, dan viskositas, serta ditambah dengan pengamatan total mikroba. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan taraf signifikansi 5% dan apabila terdapat perbedaan maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang sangat tajam pada SNF dan berat jenis. Disamping itu, adanya penurunan terjadi pada nilai total padatan. Seiring dengan lamanya inkubasi, viskositas dan total mikroba tampak meningkat. Nilai pH tampak sangat tajam penurunannya. Kesimpulannya, kefir berhasil diproduksi pada suhu ruang dan menunjukkan adanya perubahan sifat fisikokimia serta sifat mikrobiologis yang sangat spesifik.Physical Characteristic and Total Bacteria on Kefir made of Buffalo's Milk in Room TemperatureAbstractIn recent decades, utilization of Indonesian buffalo’s milk is limited to produce traditional foods such as Dali and Dadih (traditional’s name of curd) and has not been well developed to produce kefir. This research was aimed at producing kefir that was made of buffalo’s milk. Fresh buffalo’s milk from Sumatera Utara and kefir grain were used in this research. Kefir was made from the fortification kefir grain into buffalo’s milk then this mixture was incubated for 48 hour without additional heating control or in room temperature. Total solid, solid non-fat (SNF), specific gravity, pH, viscosity were analyzed as physic parameters and total bacteria was also studied. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test using a significance level of 5% Duncan test was applied when significant result was obtained. Solid non-fat and specific gravity were remarkably decrease in its value while viscosity and total bacteria showed an increase. Significant decrease was found in pH value. As conclusion, the production of kefir was successfully achieved using buffalo’s milk and showing very specific value in physico and microbial properties.
Currículo e Competências
Authors: Pietropaolo Ruy , Silva Samira Fayes Kfouri da 
Published: March 2021

ResumoNeste artigo são discutidos significados da palavra Competência, presentes em muitos discursos de educadores e de profissionais de outras áreas. Muitas vezes, essa palavra é utilizada de forma redutora, associando-a ao saber-fazer, mas sem enfatizar outras dimensões como conhecimentos, habilidades cognitivas e atitudes. Esta é uma pesquisa teórica, pois na ação de buscar os significados do conceito de competência foi preciso fazer uma análise de muitos artigos, cujas temáticas se aproximam do saber e do saber-fazer. Apresentam-se as concepções de competência de Perrenoud, de Lino de Macedo e da Base Nacional Comum Curricular com o objetivo de desenvolver uma breve reflexão sobre o currículo por competências para o Ensino Superior, questionando suas possiblidades frente a um currículo centrado em conteúdos disciplinares. O currículo por competências, que também pressupõe um sistema multidimensional de ensino, implica necessariamente em uma reinvenção do papel do professor, distanciando-se de um modelo convencional – professor da sala de aula – para tornar-se membro de um grupo multitalentoso. Nesse sentido, são apresentadas neste texto algumas competências necessárias para esse docente como a de saber criar centros de interesse para os alunos adultos, explorando situações de aprendizagem em torno das quais organizará os objetos de aprendizagem expressos nas competências profissionais a serem desenvolvidas.
Palavras-chave: Competência. Currículo por Competência. Formação de Professores.
AbstractThis article discusses the meanings of the word Competence, present in many speeches by educators and professionals from other areas. This word is often used in a reductive way, associating it with know-how, but without emphasizing other dimensions such as knowledge, cognitive skills and attitudes. This is a theoretical research, because in the search for the meanings of the concept of competence, it was necessary to analyze many articles whose themes are close to knowledge and know-how. Perrenoud, Lino de Macedo and the National Common Curricular Base conceptions of competence are exhibited in order to develop a brief reflection on the competency curriculum for higher education, questioning its possibilities in before a curriculum centered on disciplinary content. The competency curriculum, which also presupposes a multidimensional teaching system, necessarily implies a reinvention of the teacher's role, moving away from a conventional model - classroom teacher - to become a member of a multitalented group. Thus, this text shows some skills necessary for this teacher, such as knowing how to create interest centers for adult students, exploring learning situations around which to organize the learning objects expressed in the professional skills to be developed.
Keywords: Competence. Curriculum by Competence. Teacher Education
Clinical profile, ocular morbidity and visual loss in psoriasis: Experience in a multispeciality hospital
Authors: Annamalai Radha , Raghu Krishnima , Anandan S , Murugan S , Muthayya M 
Published: March 2021

To analyse various ocular abnormalities and visual morbidity in patients with psoriasis and to detect ocular complications following psoriasis treatment. A prospective observational study was conducted among 120 psoriasis patients. All patients underwent slit lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, Schirmer’s test, Tear breakup time and Rose Bengal staining and ancillary investigations when required. Among 120 patients, the prevalence of ocular manifestation was 57%, of whom 22% were symptomatic. Ocular features were most common in scalp psoriasis and pustular psoriasis. Disease duration was not found to have any impact on the severity of ocular manifestation. The most common ophthalmic feature was ocular surface disorder (46%), followed by cataract (30%), meibomitis (17%) and blepharitis in 16%. Correlation between tests was calculated using kappa coefficient and statistical significance was found in the pattern of conjunctival staining with a p value of 0.02. Out of 9 patients with psoriatic arthritis, 3% showed signs of chronic uveitis. Steroid induced glaucoma was seen in 27% and ocular hypertension in 21%. Corticosteroid used in systemic management frequently caused visual morbidity. Ocular signs and symptoms in psoriasis may be subtle and overlooked, hence complete ophthalmic examination is recommended for early detection of ocular abnormalities. Early treatment for dry eye is important to prevent irreversible ocular surface changes. Regular monitoring prevents steroid induced cataract and steroid induced glaucoma. As multisystem involvement is seen in psoriasis, a multidisciplinary approach reduces ocular morbidity.
A study conducted in western Maharashtra to evaluate the risk factors for diabetic macular edema in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Desai Chaitali , Radhakrishnan O K , Cardoza Namratha Judith , Mohankumar Kavitha , Mohan Madhuvanthi 
Published: March 2021

To study various risk factors (HbA1c levels, dyslipidemia, stroke, smoking, cardiovascular disease, nephropathy and use of pioglitazones) associated with Diabetic Macular Edema in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 110 patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus of age group 30-70 years and both sexes participated in this study. Association between risk factors and diabetic macular edema was studied in analytical cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra. Median of HbA1c in patients with macular odema was 8.15(7.8-8.925) which was significantly higher than patients without macular odema 6.4(6-6.825). Mean LDL(mg/dL) in patients without macular odema was 99.1 ± 32.96 and patients with macular odema was 113.29 ± 32.35. Significant association was seen in the distribution of HbA1c(p&#60;0.0001), LDL (p=0.046) and the use of pioglitazone (p = 0.00006) with macular odema. No significant association of stroke, smoking, cardiovascular disease and distribution of nephropathy with macular odema was found.(p value&#62;.05) In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, multiple factors such as elevated HbA1c levels, LDL and use of pioglitazones were significant risk factors associated with Diabetic Macular Edema(DME). Also as many of the risk factors are modifiable, ophthalmologists and physicians should ensure that patients with DME receive appropriate assessment and treatment for these comorbidities.
Türkiye’de aromaterapinin etkisine yönelik yapılan hemşirelik tezlerinin incelenmesi
Authors: ZOR Murat , ŞİMŞEK KÜÇÜKKELEPÇE Didem , GÖLBAŞI Zehra 
Published: March 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma Türkiye’de aromaterapinin etkisini değerlendirmek üzere yapılmış hemşirelik lisansüstü tez çalışmalarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Türkiye Ulusal Tez Veri Tabanı’nda “aromaterapi”, “nonfarmakolojik yöntemler” ve “hemşirelik” kelimeleri kullanılarak tarama yapılmıştır. Tarama sonucu 66 teze ulaşılmıştır. Tezlerden ikisi tam erişime açık olmadığı, 13’ü hemşirelik tezi olmadığı ve yedi tez aromaterapinin etkisini incelemediği için değerlendirme dışı bırakılmış, çalışma 44 tez üzerinden yürütülmüştür.
Bulgular: Tezlerin 24’ü yüksek lisans ve 20’si doktora tezidir. Tezlerin tamamında aromaterapi olarak esansiyel yağ kullanılmıştır. Aromatik yağlar inhaler olarak ya da ve masaj yöntemiyle uygulanmıştır. Tezlerin 25’inde aromaterapinin kaygı/anksiyete/stres üzerindeki, 23 tezde uyku ve 19 tezde ise ağrı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmaların tamamına yakınında kullanılan aromaterapinin incelenen değişken üzerinde etkili olduğu bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Son on yılda hemşireler tarafından aromaterapinin etkisine yönelik yapılan lisansüstü tez çalışmalarının sayısı artmıştır. Çalışmaların sonuçları aromaterapinin ağrı, kaygı, anksiyete, stres ve uyku gibi değişkenler üzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir.
PENERAPAN SYARI’AH DI NEGARA MODERN (Analisis Ijtihad Pemikiran Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im)
Authors: Rozi Ahmad Bahrur 
Published: March 2021

Islam is a holistic religion. It means that Islam is a religion which does not only focus on the vertical relation between humans and God but also contains rules of horizontal relation between man and man. Laws with social characteristic lead to the existence of a power as the doer, such as the application of all the punishments and public rewards (al-hudûd wa al-'uqûbât). This article analyzes the thought of Abdullahi Ahmed An--Na’im about syari’ah reformation which is relevant to the constitutionalism standard, criminal law, international law and modern human right, a vision of “syariat modern” which is suitable with the nation state concept which beyond the offering of the Nation of fundamentalist syariah and the offering of Modern Islamic Nation. The method used by Abdullahi Ahmed An--Na’im is the renewal method which is said as legalized evolution with hermeneutic as the main tool to reach the purpose and normative implication of the text as al-Qur’an. According to Abdullahi Ahmed An--Na’im, the failure of syari’ah application in modern country caused by the crisis on the traditional syari’ah methodology which became its base. Therefore, new syari’ah formulation is needed to be built on the new base. Naskh concept which is initiated by An-Na’im is for answering this crisis.Copyright (c) 2016 by Al-Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.734
INFORMED CONSENT DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Adriana Pakendek Adriana Pakendek 
Published: March 2021

Abstract: It is a must to apply the informed consent in public health service, particularly in a hosptal. As a matter of fact, some medical patients or the representative does not comprehend the term informed consent due to the ineffective communication between the patient and physician. Whereas, a doctor should have a legal informed consent to execute medical action from the patient, otherwise she/he would experience a question of law; private and punitive law as well as indisciplinary punishment. A petient is able to deny an informed consent, yet it is identified as an informed refusal. However, the patient must be responsible for any medical impacts in the future. In this case, a doctor is free from any legal actions as the result of consent refusal of patient. Key Words: informed consent, pasien dan dokter
PENERAPAN HUKUM WARIS ISLAM DALAM PERKARA WARIS DI PENGADILAN AGAMA PAMEKASAN
Authors: Susylawati Eka 
Published: March 2021

Pewarisan adalah proses perpindahan harta dari orang yang meninggal dunia kepada ahli warisnya. Dalamhukum waris di Indonesia masih berlaku pluralismehukum yakni hukum waris adat, Barat dan Islam. Sebagaibagian dari hukum perdata dalam hukum waris dikenaladanya pilihan hukum (opsi hukum) sehingga masyarakatdapat memilih hukum waris yang akan dianutnya. Denganadanya Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 tentangPerubahan Undang-Undang Peradilan Agama, pilihanhukum bagi orang yang beragama Islam ketika berperkaradi pengadilan ditiadakan sehingga akan secara otomatisakan menjadi kewenangan Pengadilan Agama danPengadilan Agama akan menerapkan hukum waris Islam.