bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Simulation for Interactive Visualization of 3D Fracture Fixation Biomechanics
Authors: Lewis Gregory S. , Wee Hwabok , Vicory Jared , Armstrong April D. , Reid J. Spence 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
In the surgical fixation of fractures, proper biomechanical stability is key in preventing clinical complications including poor fracture healing, residual deformity, loss of fixation, or implant failure. Stability is largely influenced by treatment decisions made by the surgeon. The interplay of surgeon-controlled variables and their effect on the three-dimensional (3D) biomechanics of a fracture fixation construct are often not intuitive, and current training methods do not facilitate a deep understanding of these interactions.

Methods:
A simulation software interface, FracSim, was developed. FracSim is built on a large precomputed library of finite element simulations. The software allows a surgeon to make adjustments to a virtual fracture fixation construct/weight-bearing plan and immediately visualize how these changes affect 3D biomechanics, including implant stress and fracture gap strain, important for clinical success. Twenty-one orthopaedic residents completed an instructor-led educational session with FracSim focused on bridge plating. Subjects completed pretests and posttests of knowledge of biomechanical concepts and a questionnaire.

Results:
Subjects scored a mean of 5.6/10 on the pretest of biomechanical knowledge. Senior residents scored better than junior residents (P = 0.04). After the educational session with FracSim, residents improved their test scores to a mean of 8.0/10, with a significant improvement (P < 0.001). Questionnaire scores indicated that subjects believed that FracSim had realistic implants, constructs, and motions and that training with FracSim was purposeful, desirable, efficient, fun, and useful for enhancing the understanding of fracture fixation biomechanics.

Discussion:
This new type of simulation software enables interactive visualization of 3D fracture fixation biomechanics. Limitations of this study include lack of a control group undergoing traditional education and lack of a delayed posttest to assess retention. FracSim may provide an effective and engaging way to promote a deeper understanding of biomechanical concepts in the orthopaedic learner.
Le « musée » de McLeod Lake (Colombie-Britannique)
Authors: Lanoue Guy 
Published: August 2021

Les Sekanis de la Colombie-Britannique septentrionale ont une longue histoire de contacts avec les groupes européens et eurocanadiens. Leur passé est marqué de plusieurs évènements importants, donc deux sont ciblés ici : le fait que les divers groupes sekanis ont émergé, dû aux dynamiques de la traite de fourrure dans la région, et comment ils l’ont expérimentée avec un système phratrique-totémique dans la deuxième moitié du xixe siècle. Cependant, ces deux volets importants du passé sont aujourd’hui totalement oubliés (tandis que d’autres évènements, même antérieurs, sont toujours d’actualité). L’auteur explore ici les raisons de cet « oubli » sélectif.
Y avait-il des deux-esprits chez les Anicinabek ?
Authors: Bousquet Marie-Pierre , Hamel-Charest Laurence , Mapachee Anna 
Published: August 2021

Y avait-il des genres alternatifs chez les Anicinabek ? La question a émergé après
qu’un centre de santé, désireux de lutter contre l’homophobie, eut voulu créer des outils
culturellement adéquats, fondés sur la tradition anicinabe. En collaboration avec ce centre,
les auteures ont effectué une recherche sur les sexes et les genres auprès de personnes
reconnues comme porteuses de savoirs sur les temps anciens. S’aidant d’une revue de
littérature sur les deux-esprits chez les Premières Nations en général, elles ont noté que
rien en anicinabemowin ne traduit l’existence d’autres genres que homme/femme et d’autres
pratiques qu’hétérosexuelles. La sexualité était un domaine caché et les gens étaient
pudiques. L’importance de la discrétion, dans un contexte où la reproduction était capitale,
a fait ressortir les valeurs qui sont fondamentales pour les Anicinabek, comme le respect et
la non-ingérence. Ainsi, être un « bon homme » et une « bonne femme » semble plus important
que les préférences amoureuses et sexuelles de chacun.
Filmer la divination chez les Inuit du Nunavut
Authors: Laugrand Frédéric B. 
Published: August 2021

En écho à une approche dont Jean-Guy Goulet s’est fait le défenseur, tant auprès des Wayùu de Colombie qu’avec les Déné Tha’ du Canada, et en réaction à l’un de ses articles sur la prière et les médias publié dansRecherches amérindiennes au Québec, l’auteur revient sur l’approche des Ateliers de transmission intergénérationnelle des savoirs (ATIS) mise au point avec Jarich Oosten et le Nunavut Arctic College au début des années 2000, et sur l’usage de la caméra. À travers l’exemple duqilaniq, un rituel divinatoire que les Inuit pratiquent depuis lexviesiècle, il avance que le format des ATIS permet de répondre à deux grandes critiques classiques adressées aux anthropologues. La première observation, formulée par J. Fabian, porte sur un problème de temporalité, le temps partagé lors de la rencontre entre l’ethnologue et son participant n’étant pas celui du récit anthropologique; la seconde concerne la fabrique du savoir anthropologique largement attaqué par les postmodernes. Or, en rendant le contexte d’énonciation plus transparent et en privilégiant une anthropologie expérientielle proche de celle que prône Jean-Guy Goulet, les ATIS permettent de faire de l’anthropologue un participant – pas seulement un facilitateur. Dans le contexte de performances filmées, « faire comme si » ouvre des possibilités en termes d’expérimentation, en même temps que cela permet aux aînés inuit de mettre en valeur leurs traditions à une époque marquée par d’urgents besoins dans le domaine de l’éducation et de la transmission des savoirs.
LA QUALITÉ DE VIE D’ENFANTS AVEC LE SYNDROME DE GILLES DE LA TOURETTE1
Authors: J.-Nolin2 Gabrielle , Leclerc Julie B. 
Published: August 2021

Une compréhension globale des variables influençant la qualité de vie des enfants avec le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette (SGT) est proposée dans la présente étude, qui est la première à faire état du portrait de la qualité de vie d’enfants québécois avec le SGT âgés de 8 et 12 ans. Les résultats mettent en lumière le rôle de l’estime de soi, ainsi que de certaines variables symptomatiques reliées au SGT, tels que la sévérité des tics et les symptômes du trouble de déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité, dans l’atteinte d’une qualité de vie optimale.
La narrazione spettacolarizzata del paesaggio sonoro. Da Giuseppe Chiari a Philip K. Dick e oltre
Authors: Michi Francesco 
Published: August 2021

Through the description of some works that I have conducted in recent years with Mechi Cena and Maurizio Montini, I will try to outline some possibilities in which the narration of the listening, of what you listen to, can become a matter of theater, meaning theater as a place where sounds, in this case, are presented in a certain way and in a certain way they are listened to. The theater is not only, we know that, a certain architectural space, but a place in which there is a here and a there, things represented and the target audience of those representations, and the representations are, in this case, stories of sounds.
Per un teatro di suoni. Riflessioni su possibili dimensioni sonore nelle creazioni site-specific di physical theatre
Authors: Quadri Demis 
Published: August 2021

Taking physical theatre as a reference point, in this paper I aim to explore the possibilities for a theatre that starts from sounds and places to develop its own forms, structures and contents. In the first part I explain what the expression “physical theatre” can mean, then I focus on the issue of space in theatre, before devoting a section to some peculiarities of site-specific approaches to the performing arts. The next step is to take into consideration certain aspects of the sound dimension in theatre, before outlining considerations that can help to start an exploration of a theatre of sounds that promotes new spaces for a real dialogue of this art with society.
Using in-situ environmental DNA sampling to detect the invasive New Zealand Mud Snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) in freshwaters
Authors: Ponce Jake J. , Arismendi Ivan , Thomas Austen 
Published: August 2021

Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection of aquatic invasive species is currently at the forefront of aquatic conservation efforts because the methodology provides a cost effective and sensitive means to detect animals at low densities. Developments in eDNA technologies have improved detection probabilities for rare, indicator, and invasive species over the past decade. However, standard lab analysis can take days or weeks before results are available and is prohibitive when rapid management decisions are required for mitigation. Here, we investigated the performance of a real-time quantitative PCR system for on-site eDNA detection of New Zealand mud snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum). Six sites in western Washington, USA were sampled using the rapid eDNA technique and traditional methods, with five samples per site. On-site eDNA detection of mud snails resulted in a 10% increase in positive sites (16/30 = 53% positive) relative to visual surveys (13/30 = 43% positive). In addition, positive associations were observed between mud snail eDNA concentration (eDNA copies per reaction) and the number of mud snail individuals at each site (R2 = 0.78). We show that the rapid on-site eDNA technology can be effective for detection and quantification of New Zealand mud snails in freshwaters. This on-site eDNA detection approach could possibly be used to initiate management protocols that allow for more rapid responses during the onset of biological invasions.
A catalogue of the motion picture films of the Thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus).
Authors: Sleightholme Stephen R. , Campbell Cameron R. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
As a companion to the Thylacine Image Registry (Sleightholme & Campbell, 2021), the authors present the first comprehensive catalogue of the thirteen known motion picture films of the Thylacine or Tasmanian tiger (Thylacinus cynocephalus). The films date from 1911 to 1935, are all black and white, and range from 5 to 59 seconds in duration. The authors provide detail on the content and history behind each of the films, the cinematographers responsible for their creation, the locations in which they were filmed, and the identity, or probable identity, of each of the Thylacines shown.
The Prevalence of Cesarean Scar Niche and Its Relation to Certain Gynecological and Obstetrical Issues
Authors: AlRassad Mazen Mohammed , ElNamoury Mohammed Mohsen , Omar Mona Khaled , Abdallah Manal Mostafa 
Published: August 2021

Background: A cesarean section (CS) is a life-saving surgical procedure when certain complications arise during pregnancy and labor. However, it is a major surgery and is associated with immediate maternal and perinatal risks and may have implications for future pregnancies as well as long-term effects that are still being investigated. This study aims at determining the prevalence of isthmocele (niche) among those who gave birth through Cesarean section, and figure out how many of the women diagnosed with scar niche are symptomatic.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study involved 300 women who gave birth by CS at the latest 6 months and they were recruited from the outpatient clinics of obstetrics and gynecology department, Tanta university hospital.
Results: The prevalence of the niche was 21.7%. And the most common shapes of niche documented were the semicircular defects followed by the triangular defects. The majority of cases were symptomatic while only 7.7% were asymptomatic and discovered accidentally by routine ultrasound examination. The most common symptoms documented were abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and secondary infertility. There was a positive significant relationship between the number of CS, the size of the niche, and the severity or frequency of the presenting symptom (P value < 0.01).
Conclusion: Cesarean scar niche has a strong statistically significant association with symptoms such as AUB (especially inter-menstrual bleeding), chronic pelvic pain, and dysmenorrhea. In our study, the prevalence of cesarean niche was 21.7% and the common niche shapes documented were the semicircular and triangular niches.
Selective Degradation of PD‐L1 in Cancer Cells by Enzyme‐Instructed Self‐Assembly
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Li Xinxin , Zheng Debin , Chen Yumiao , Zhang Zhenghao , Yang Zhimou 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere, a novel strategy to selectively degrade membrane proteins of programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in cancer cells is reported. 4T1 cells show high levels of extracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and membrane proteins of PD‐L1. Therefore, peptide derivatives capable of responding to ALP and binding to PD‐L1 are designed. Enzyme‐instructed self‐assembly (EISA) by ALP and surface‐induced self‐assembly by PD‐L1 of Comp. 3 leads to the selective formation of nanomaterials around PD‐L1 on the cell membrane, which is similar to attaching a hydrophobic label to the surface of PD‐L1 to simulate its partial denaturation state. When taken up by cells, PD‐L1 could be further degraded by the proteasome pathway in the cytoplasm. This process does not occur in the normal cell line, LO2 cells, which express relatively low levels of ALP. In addition to concentration and time dependence, the selective knock‐out of PD‐L1 by the strategy is reversible by simply removing Comp. 3. In vivo studies reveal that Comp. 3 inhibits tumor growth in a tumor‐bearing mouse model. The study offers a novel platform for the precise degradation of membrane proteins using EISA, which might ultimately lead to the development of novel nanomedicines to treat diseases.
Hot‐Casting Boosts Efficiency of Halogen‐Free Solvent Processed Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Du Baocai , Ma Yunlong , Guo Chuanhang , Cai Jinlong , Li Donghui , Cheng Shili , Liu Dan , Zheng Qingdong , Wang Tao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite the substantial climb of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs), the majority of processing solvent remains halogenated and stand as a critical issue for commercialization. Herein, a halogen‐free solvent system consisting of toluene (Tol) and 1‐phenylnaphthalene (PN) is used to replace the traditional halogenated chloroform (CF) and1‐chloronaphthalene (CN) for the processing of the PM6:M36 OSC, reducing the maximum PCE from 15.0% to 13.3%. Hot‐casting is demonstrated to boost the maximum PCE of halogen‐free solvents processed OSCs back to 15.2%. The preheated substrate fastens the evaporation of Tol and enables similar film‐forming kinetics to CF, resulting in the inhibition of immoderate molecular aggregation and excessive phase separation. Ternary OSCs, with either another donor or acceptor as the third component, can further improve device PCE to 15.8%, confirming the versatile photovoltaic systems that this hot‐casting method can be applied to. Encouragingly, the hot‐casting processed binary and ternary OSCs also exhibit retained storage stability. Therefore, hot‐casting is demonstrated as a superior strategy to fabricate OSCs without efficiency and stability loss using halogen‐free solvents.
Unique bioactive molecule composition of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) oils obtained from the peel, pulp, and seeds via physical “solvent‐free” approaches
Authors: Segliņa Dalija , Krasnova Inta , Grygier Anna , Radziejewska‐Kubzdela Elżbieta , Rudzińska Magdalena , Górnaś Paweł 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a highly valuable plant with bioactive compounds widely used in food, medicinal, and pharmaceutical industry. During sea buckthorn berry processing into juice, byproducts from the juice, peels, and seeds are generated. Hence, in this study three types of oils (pulp, seed, and peel oil) were obtained via the use of physical “green” technologies. The pulp oil was obtained by a milk separator, while seed and peel oils were extracted by a cold‐press. The extracted oils were then subjected to assays that determined their detailed profiles of triacylglycerols, fatty acids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, carotenoids, sterols, and phenolic compounds. The peel oil was a significantly richer source of bioactive compounds compared to both the pulp and seed oils. With respect to the lipid profile, the peel oil was similar compared to the pulp oil. The peel oil also had a slightly lower content of sterols in comparison to seed oil and was the only oil fraction that had considerable levels of squalene present. The concentration ranges of the minor molecules detected are as follows: 100.0–273.6, 427.4–575.0, 0–402.4, 0.9–72.0, 0.9–15.6 mg/100 g oil of tocochromanols, sterols, squalene, carotenoids, and flavonols, respectively.
A fully integrated undergraduate introductory biology and chemistry course with a community‐based focus I: Vision, design, implementation, and development
Authors: Beers Melissa A. , Hall Mona L. , Matthews Adam G. W. , Elmore Donald E. , Oakes Elizabeth S. C. , Goss John W. , Radhakrishnan Mala L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe describe a first‐semester, integrated, introductory biology and chemistry course for undergraduates at Wellesley College in Wellesley, MA, USA. Our vision was to create a supportive learning community in which students could comfortably make connections between scientific disciplines as they learned necessary content for subsequent courses, further developed problem solving, communication, and laboratory skills, and meaningfully connected with other students and with faculty during their first semester in college. Through highlighting five guiding principles that are central to the course, we describe the integrated course structure and content as well as our efforts to build community, provide support, and engage students in building skills crucial to scientists. We also highlight features of this course and institutional policies that facilitated its logistical and collaborative implementation that can be adapted to fit the needs, goals, and constraints of a diverse range of institutions. A companion article describes an assessment of our course in achieving academic and community building goals.
Ambiguous “olfactory” terms for anatomic spaces adjacent to the cribriform plate: A publication database analysis and quest for uniformity
Authors: Bates Nicholas S. , Massoud Tarik F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA precise nomenclature and terminology is the foundation of communication in Anatomy and related biomedical sciences. The olfactory bulbs and nerves lie above and below the cribriform plate (CP), respectively. Hence, many anatomical landmarks in this region have names adopting the term “olfactory” as qualifiers. Ambiguous use of these “olfactory” terms exists, with some potential repercussions on patient treatments. We performed a publication database analysis to determine the frequency of misuse of names for seven anatomical “olfactory” spaces close to the CP and nasal cavity. We searched PubMed® publications having the keyword “olfactory” in their title or abstract, plus one of seven other keywords: “groove”, “fossa”, “recess”, “cleft”, “vestibule”, “sulcus”, and “cistern”. We reviewed all abstracts for accuracy of these terms relative to accepted norms or customary definitions. By February 2020, we found all these keywords in 1255 articles. For the terms olfactory “groove” and “fossa”, the number of relevant articles (and percentage of those inaccurately using these terms) were 374 (1.1%), and 49 (8.2%), respectively. All 52 abstracts containing “olfactory” and “vestibule” were irrelevant, relating to the “nasal vestibule” and olfactory function, instead of “olfactory vestibule”. Overall, terms used to describe “olfactory” spaces near the CP are seldom ambiguous or inaccurate, but the terms olfactory “groove” and “fossa” are occasionally misused, We propose several new “olfactory” terms for inclusion in the Terminologia Anatomica, and stress the need for uniform nomenclature leading to greater consistency and accuracy in clinical use of anatomical terms containing the word “olfactory” as a descriptor.
Plant wax biomarkers in human evolutionary studies
Authors: Patalano Robert , Roberts Patrick , Boivin Nicole , Petraglia Michael D. , Mercader Julio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlant wax biomarkers are an innovative proxy for reconstructing vegetation composition and structure, rainfall intensity, temperature, and other climatic and environmental dynamics. Traditionally used in earth sciences and climate studies from “off‐site” ocean and lake records, biomarker research is now incorporated in archeology and paleoanthropology to answer questions relating to past human‐environment interactions and human evolution. Biomarker research is generating new and exciting information on the ecological context in which Homo and its closest relatives evolved, adapted, and invented stone tool technologies. In this review, we examine plant wax biomarkers and their use in reconstructing past plant landscapes and hydroclimates. We summarize the applications of plant wax molecular proxies in archeological research, assess challenges relating to taphonomy, consider the role of modern plant ecosystems in interpreting ancient habitats, and examine case studies conducted at key paleoanthropological locations in eastern and southern Africa and Europe.
Thermodynamic optimization of Stirling heat engine with methane gas using finite speed thermodynamic model
Authors: Mansuriya Kiran , Raja Bansi D. , Yıldız Ali R. , Mudgal Anurag , Patel Vivek K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the daily rise in environmental issues due to the use of conventional fuels, researchers are motivated to use renewable energy sources. One of such waste heat and low‐temperature differential driven energy sources is the Stirling engine. The performance of the Stirling engine can be improved by finding out the optimum operating and geometrical parameters with suitable working gas and thermal model. Based on this motivation, the current work focuses on the multiobjective optimization of the Stirling engine using the finite speed thermodynamic model and methane gas as the working fluid. Considering output power and pressure drop as two objective functions, the system is optimized using 11 geometrical and thermal design parameters. The optimization results are obtained in the form of the Pareto frontier. A sensitivity assessment is carried out to observe the decision variables, which are having a more sensitive effect on the optimization objectives. Optimization results reveal that 99.83% change in power output and 78% change in total pressure drop can take place in the two‐dimensional optimization space. The optimal solution closest to the ideal solution has output power and pressure drop values as 12.31 kW and 22.76 kPa, respectively.