bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Public Responses to Containment Measures During the Initial Outbreak and Resurgence of COVID-19 in China: Infodemiology Study
Authors: Zhou Xinyu , Song Yi , Jiang Hao , Wang Qian , Qu Zhiqiang , Zhou Xiaoyu , Jit Mark , Hou Zhiyuan , Lin Leesa 
Published: March 2021

Background
COVID-19 cases resurged worldwide in the second half of 2020. Not much is known about the changes in public responses to containment measures from the initial outbreak to resurgence. Monitoring public responses is crucial to inform policy measures to prepare for COVID-19 resurgence.

Objective
This study aimed to assess and compare public responses to containment measures during the initial outbreak and resurgence of COVID-19 in China.

Methods
We curated all COVID-19–related posts from Sina Weibo (China’s version of Twitter) during the initial outbreak and resurgence of COVID-19 in Beijing, China. With a Python script, we constructed subsets of Weibo posts focusing on 3 containment measures: lockdown, the test-trace-isolate strategy, and suspension of gatherings. The Baidu open-source sentiment analysis model and latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling, a widely used machine learning algorithm, were used to assess public engagement, sentiments, and frequently discussed topics on each containment measure.

Results
A total of 8,985,221 Weibo posts were curated. In China, the containment measures evolved from a complete lockdown for the general population during the initial outbreak to a more targeted response strategy for high-risk populations during COVID-19 resurgence. Between the initial outbreak and resurgence, the average daily proportion of Weibo posts with negative sentiments decreased from 57% to 47% for the lockdown, 56% to 51% for the test-trace-isolate strategy, and 55% to 48% for the suspension of gatherings. Among the top 3 frequently discussed topics on lockdown measures, discussions on containment measures accounted for approximately 32% in both periods, but those on the second-most frequently discussed topic shifted from the expression of negative emotions (11%) to its impacts on daily life or work (26%). The public expressed a high level of panic (21%) during the initial outbreak but almost no panic (1%) during resurgence. The more targeted test-trace-isolate measure received the most support (60%) among all 3 containment measures in the initial outbreak, and its support rate approached 90% during resurgence.

Conclusions
Compared to the initial outbreak, the public expressed less engagement and less negative sentiments on containment measures and were more supportive toward containment measures during resurgence. Targeted test-trace-isolate strategies were more acceptable to the public. Our results indicate that when COVID-19 resurges, more targeted test-trace-isolate strategies for high-risk populations should be promoted to balance pandemic control and its impact on daily life and the economy.
Identification of Patients with CKD in Medical Databases
Authors: Vestergaard Søren Viborg , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Birn Henrik , Heide-Jørgensen Uffe 
Published: March 2021

Background and objectives
Despite CKD consensus definitions, epidemiologic studies use multiple different algorithms to identify CKD. We aimed to elucidate if this affects the patient characteristics and the estimated prevalence and prognosis of CKD by applying six different algorithms to identify CKD in population-based medical databases and compare the cohorts.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Patients with CKD in Northern Denmark (2009–2016) were identified using six different algorithms: five were laboratory based defined by (1) one measured outpatient eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (single test, n=103,435), (2) two such findings ≥90 days apart (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, n=84,688), (3) two such findings ≥90 days apart with no eGFR >60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 observed in-between (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, persistent, n=68,994), (4) two such findings ≥90 and <365 days apart (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, time limited, n=75,031), and (5) two eGFRs <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or two urine albumin-creatinine ratios >30 mg/g ≥90 days apart (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, eGFR/albuminuria, n=100,957). The sixth included patients identified by reported in- and outpatient hospital International Classification of Diseases diagnoses of CKD (hospital-diagnosed, n=27,947). For each cohort, we estimated baseline eGFR, CKD prevalence, and 1-year mortality using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
The five different laboratory-based algorithms resulted in large differences in the estimated prevalence of CKD from 4637–8327 per 100,000 population. In contrast, 1-year mortality varied only slightly (7%–9%). Baseline eGFR levels at diagnosis were comparable (53–56 ml/min per 1.73 m2), whereas median time since first recorded eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 varied from 0 months (single-test) to 17 months (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, persistent). The hospital-diagnosed algorithm yielded markedly lower CKD prevalence (775 per 100,000 population), a lower baseline eGFR (47 ml/min per 1.73 m2), longer time since first eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (median 70 months), and much higher 1-year mortality (22%).

Conclusions
Population prevalence of CKD identified in medical databases greatly depends on the applied algorithm to define CKD. Despite these differences, laboratory-based algorithms produce cohorts with similar prognosis.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2021_03_11_CJN15691020_final.mp3
Charitable Contribution Matching and Effort-Elicitation
Authors: Douthit Jeremy D. , Martin Patrick R. , McAllister Michelle 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We examine the effect of a charitable contribution matching (CCM) program on employee effort. In CCM programs, employers commit to match employees' donations to charity. We expect CCM to activate a norm of other-regarding behavior, inducing employees to increase effort to benefit their employer. Experimental results robustly support our expectation. We find that CCM increases effort under both fixed-wage and performance-based incentive contracts. Further, our results suggest that CCM is more effective at eliciting effort than alternative uses of firm capital. Specifically, CCM is more effective at eliciting effort than the firm allocating an equivalent amount of capital to either direct firm charitable giving or increased performance-based pay. Our study suggests that CCM has efficient and robust effort-elicitation benefits that increase its value as a compensation tool incremental to any initial employee selection benefits from CCM and any effort benefits from firms' direct charitable giving.
Political Bias in the Media's Coverage of Firms' Earnings Announcements
Authors: Rees Lynn , Twedt Brady J. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
This study examines whether firms' political activism induces bias in the media coverage of earnings announcements and how such coverage impacts markets. We infer firm political ideology based on employee political contributions and identify firm and manager characteristics associated with distinct ideologies. We find that media outlets negatively slant their coverage of earnings announcements when the political leanings of the outlet are incongruent with the political ideology of the firm. Consistent with slanted coverage affecting market outcomes, we provide evidence that the price reaction to good (bad) earnings news is decreasing (increasing) in the percent of incongruent media outlets covering the earnings announcement. In addition, trading volume and returns volatility are decreasing for good earnings news with the percent of incongruent media outlets. Our results suggest that the prevalent bias across some media outlets in their coverage of political news also affects their coverage of corporate financial events.
JEL Classifications: G14; L82; M41.
Discursos mediáticos sobre derechos de migrantes, desde los DDHH
Authors: Gottero Laura Angelica 
Published: March 2021

El artículo focaliza en las posibilidades metodológicas de las ciencias de la comunicación para estudiar el acceso a derechos para personas migrantes tematizado en los discursos mediáticos, pues esta construcción simbólica incide en sus posibilidades concretas de protección y respeto en las sociedades donde se encuentran.
La finalidad de esta investigación es aportar razonamientos e insumos para pensar un modelo de comunicación con base en el enfoque de derechos que permita proteger y reconocer el acceso a derechos de personas migrantes no sólo en el contexto de los discursos mediáticos, sino en el plano donde éstos inciden de manera clara: las prácticas sociales en sus diversas expresiones.
Sensitivity and specificity of using pelvic ultrasonographic parameters combined with basal gonadotropin levels to diagnose central precocious puberty in Thai girls
Authors: Kongmanas Hataichanok B. , Trinavarat Panruethai , Wacharasindhu Suttipong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The criterion standard gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation tests to diagnose central precocious puberty (CPP) are time-consuming, inconvenient, and expensive.

Objectives
To determine predictive cut-off values codetermined by ultrasonographic parameters and basal gonadotropin levels in girls with premature sexual development and compare them results of criterion standard tests in a study of diagnostic accuracy.

Methods
Retrospective review of hormonal investigations and ultrasonographic uterine and ovarian parameters in a consecutive sample of girls at a single center, tertiary care hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

Results
We separated data from 68 girls (age range 2–12 years) into 2 groups based on their response to a GnRH analogue agonist stimulation test. A “prepubertal response” group included girls with premature thelarche and thelarche variants (n = 18, 6.37 ± 1.77 years) and a “pubertal response” group, including girls with CPP (n = 50, 8.46 ± 1.46 years); excluding patients with pathological causes (n = 0). The basal level of luteinizing hormone (LH) had the largest area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.93) compared with basal levels of follicle stimulating hormone (AUC 0.77; 95% CI 0.64–0.90) or estradiol (0.70; 95% CI 0.56–0.85). An optimal cut-off of 0.25 IU/L LH was related to a pubertal response to GnRH analogue agonist stimulation tests with 75.0% sensitivity, 88.9% specificity, 94.7% positive predictive value (PPV), and 57.1% negative predictive value. Uterine and ovarian cut-off volumes of 3.5 cm3 and 1.5 cm3 were related to a pubertal response with 88.6% and 76.2% PPV, respectively. A uterine width cut-off of 1.7 cm combined with a basal LH cut-off of 0.25 IU/L increased specificity and PPV to 100%.

Conclusion
Combining uterine and ovarian ultrasonographic parameters with basal gonadotropin levels, especially uterine width and basal LH level, appears useful for diagnosis of CPP.
Toxicity of primulic acid 1 against a daphnid species Simocephalus expinosus s.l.
Authors: Lukáč M. , Pisárčik M. , Horáková R. , Bajcura M. , Horváth B. , Devínsky F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Primulic acid 1 is the main saponin present in Primula elatior. The present study describes the isolation of this amphiphilic compound from primula root. It was performed by ultrasonic maceration, reverse-phase column chromatography and crystallization. Investigations of its physicochemical property are represented by the determination of critical micelle concentration (cmc). The cmc value of the amphiphile was 9.4 × 10−5 mol·dm−3. The evaluation of environmental toxicity was performed on a daphnid species Simpocephalus expinosus s.l., which was very sensitive to primulic acids 1. The results from acute immobilisation test show that the tested compound has half maximal effective concentration after 24 hours (EC50-24 h) equal to 6.9 mg·l−1. Saponin can be classified as a toxic compound for aquatic organisms.
Evaluation Method of Traffic Safety Maintenance of High-Grade Highway
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Yanfei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the evolution of better highway services and larger traffic volume, the traditional maintenance management indicators can no longer satisfy the demands of highway traffic safety. In order to ensure timely, fast, safe, and reliable highway maintenance and repair, this paper proposes a road traffic safety maintenance evaluation method. The fuzzy maintenance evaluation method based on the gray correlation degree is used to construct the safety maintenance evaluation model. The damaged characteristics of the high-grade highway components are analysed. The parameters of the evaluation model are established using the analytic hierarchy process, and the accuracy of the model is verified through experiments. The results show that the safety service level can intuitively measure the maintenance and repair status of various transportation facilities. When the safety level is 1 (above 87 points) or 2 (above 85 points), the road maintenance and repair are in good condition and the road users have a high level of satisfaction on safety; when the safety level is 3 or 4 (80 points or less), it reflects that there are weak links in the road components, and targeted maintenance repairs are required. The results provide references for highway safety maintenance decision-making and improvement of highway traffic safety services to some extent.
The assessment of two-way relationship between periodontal diseases and diabetes mellitus.
Authors: Cicalău Georgiana Ioana Potra , Babeș Petru Aurel , Domocoș Daniela , Pogan Mihaela 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus have been said to have a two-way relationship, with diabetes leading to oral disease and periodontitis exacerbating hyperglycemia. The universal biologic mechanisms and demographic and behavioral risk drivers, underlying these associations in both directions, are also described.
Both the diseases are chronic and they are affecting large population worldwide. Periodontitis is also recognized as the sixth major complication of diabetes, while diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which has an impact on the global health and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
The aim of this article is to illustrate a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the literature, on the mutual relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases, trying to identify if the prevalence of periodontitis is higher in diabetics or if the incidence of diabetes is greater in patients with periodontal disease. Moreover, our intention is to increase the level of awareness of diabetologists and dentists about the interaction between this two pathologies.
Oral and periodontal health should be promoted as integral components of diabetes management. Dental professionals can detect unrecognized potential dysglycemia and refer for medical examination. Furthermore, the control of periodontal disease may enhance glycemic control which contributes to a better control of periodontal disease.
The Abyss of Meaning or the Cauldron of Signs: Meaning and Tertium Quid. Shakespeare as a Translator?
Authors: Gémar Jean-Claude 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSum of atoms or molecules that are the signs that the author of a text organizes in speech, the text contains meaning, in latency. To activate it, reveal it must be interpreted, whether or not the purpose is to translate it. When it comes to translating, the difficulties presented by the translation of normative texts are due in large part to the notional burden, the degree of “juridical status” of the message conveyed by the text and the cultural singularity revealed by its mode of writing. While the substance of a text is of paramount importance in its interpretation, the manner in which it is written and presented – its form – is far from negligible. Each way of saying carries its own, and participates in, the meaning. The approach defined for the translation, sourcing (least-cultural) or targeting (most-cultural), guides the meaning. That is when the final interpretation of the two versions of the instrumental text by the courts fulfils the canonical function of law and language: to say the law by determining the meaning of all or part of a text. Until then, the signs generating the speech and its meaning nested in this place of uncertainty that is the tertium quid, where rest, like the ingredients that the Sisters of Destiny (Macbeth) stir in their cauldron, the signs of where meaning will come out, an uncertain and precarious truth deduced by the original interpreter of the instrumental text, the translator, transcribed into the target text. Would Shakespeare provide an answer to the existential questions posed by the translator, when the spectre (Hamlet) and the witches (Macbeth), enigmatic oracles, answer the protagonists’ ontological questions about the meaning and direction of their lives? The bard indeed launches this injunction: keep law and form and due proportion in Richard II (3.4.43)! Will the translator follow him in each of these three directions?
Reconceptualising the Third Space of Legal Translation: A Study of the Court of Justice of the European Union
Authors: Clay Edward , Mcauliffe Karen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the concept of legal translation as a Third Space through the lens of the ‘multilingual’ Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ). In many ways legal translation at that Court fits readily with the characterisation of translation as a Third Space. Due to complex internal production processes the ECJ produces texts which are undoubtedly hybrid in nature, and which exhibit distinctive features on a lexical and textual level marking them out as a product of cross-fertilisation of influences from source and target languages and legal cultures. Even the teleological approach taken towards legal reasoning at the ECJ occupies a space outside the strict confines of the texts involved. Both the processes and the product of the ECJ’s language system appear to bear all the hallmarks of translation as a Third Space. However, translation at the ECJ also challenges the concept of a Third Space. The prevailing definitions of translation as a Third Space fail to effectively conceptualise additional nuances of the specific nature of drafting and the complex nature of translation at the ECJ. This paper uses original empirical data to demonstrate that translation at the ECJ places constraints on the undefined, vague and fluid nature of the Third Space, warping the forces at work within that space. In this regard, rather than an amorphous space, the Third Space is better thought of as a determinate area which is delimited by elements of translation process which constrain it. This adapted framing of the Third Space can consequently be used to better understand and illustrate the dynamics at play in other areas of legal translation where the current concept of the Third Space is equally inadequate for encompassing the specific nature of translation practices which impact on that space-in-between.
Morgan-Voyce Polynomial Approach for Quaternionic Space Curves of Constant Width
Authors: Aydin Tuba Ağirman , Ayazoğlu Rabil , Kocayiğit Hüseyin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The curves of constant width are special curves used in engineering, architecture and technology. In the literature, these curves are considered according to different roofs in different spaces and some integral characterizations of these curves are obtained. However, in order to examine the geometric properties of curves of constant width, more than characterization is required. In this study, firstly differential equations characterizing quaternionic space curves of constant width are obtained. Then, the approximate solutions of the differential equations obtained are calculated by the Morgan-Voyce polynomial approach.The geometric properties of this curve type are examined with the help of these solutions.
Biochemical variances through metabolomic profile analysis of Capsicum chinense Jacq. during fruit development
Authors: Tang Yaping , Zhang Guoru , Yang Tao , Yang Shengbao , Aisimutuola Patiguli , Wang Baike , Li Ning , Wang Juan , Yu Qinghui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Capsicum chinense Jacq. is classified under the Solanaceae family, which is an extensively consumed spice and vegetable globally. Therefore, to gain more knowledge and insight into the diversity of Capsicum chinense Jacq. metabolites, a total of 18 placental tissues from various development stages were collected and untargeted metabolomics was conducted by means of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis established the existence of distinct metabolite distribution patterns as observed at 16 days post anthesis (DPA), compared with the metabolites at 36 and 48 DPA groups, whereas there was a difference in metabolites between the orange ripening period (B) and the red ripening period (C), which intersected with each other. Furthermore, several pathways including metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, ABC transporters, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, pentose and glucoronate pathways, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, cutin, biosynthesis of suberine and wax were significantly enriched across the fruit ripening stages. The capsaicin content was observed to be less in the early ripening stages, but gradually increased to a high concentration during the late ripening stages. In conclusion, our study findings submit a suitable approach for interpreting the biochemical variances of non-targeted metabolomics in hot pepper developmental stages, as well as offer new findings that can be applied in the development strategies in breeding of Capsicum chinense Jacq.
Parasitism with Acanthocephalus ranae in frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas 1771), from North-east Romania
Authors: Iacob O. C. 
Published: March 2021

Summary
The present study was carried out on 10 frogs, Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771), captured near the river Bahlui, Iasi, between April and May, 2019, for the study of digestive helminths and their effect on the digestive tract. Macroscopic examination of the general cavity revealed distension of the small intestine. The sectioning of the intestinal wall revealed a variable number of parasites (1 – 12) with a whitish cylindrical body, anchored in the duodenal mucosa. The morphological study of the parasites confirmed the species as Acantocephalus ranae. The prevalence of the infection was 60 % and the average intensity was 4.83 ± 4.15. Lesions of the small intestine were characterized by catarrhal enteritis, hemorrhagic spots and ulcers on the mucosa, occlusion and obstruction of the intestinal lumen. Histologically, eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate in the glandular crypts, mucosal and submucosal edema, fibrosis and conjunctival hyperplasia, total mucosal atrophy, were found. The infection with Acanthocephalus ranae in Pelophylax ridibundus caused severe pathological changes, conditioned by the intensity of the infection, aspects revealed for the first time in Romania.