bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Usefulness of Artificial Intelligence in Physiotherapy – A Practice-based Review
Authors: Nambi Gopal , Alghadier Mshari , Mohamed Shahul Hameed Pakkir , Aldhafian Osama Rashed , Alshahrani Naif A. , Albarakati Alaa Jameel A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This review explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into physiotherapy practice, focusing on its impact on diagnostic tools, personalized treatment plans, and ethical considerations. AI systems offer enhanced precision and individualization in patient care through multivariable prediction models, which assess long-term outcomes, particularly for hip fracture patients. Although some models show potential for improving treatment pathways and prognostic accuracy, further research is needed to develop more reliable and efficacious AI applications. One significant application of AI in physiotherapy lies in the development of tailored rehabilitation programs. Machine learning algorithms analyze a patient’s medical records and response to prior treatments to create custom care plans, increasing compliance and enhancing clinical decision-making. Continuous feedback loops enable adaptability in treatment plans based on patient reports, further strengthening the practitioner–patient relationship and improving patient satisfaction. Despite the numerous benefits, the integration of AI technologies carries ethical implications. Ensuring patient information confidentiality is crucial, as AI requires extensive data sets to train algorithms. In addition, the role of human empathy and emotional support in therapeutic settings raises questions about AI’s potential replacement in these aspects of care. Clear guidelines and regulatory frameworks are necessary to protect patients’ rights while leveraging AI’s benefits for enhanced clinical outcomes without compromising the foundational values of compassionate care in physiotherapy. Gait analysis, natural language processing, physioGPT, and PostureFix are few of the AI tools used. In conclusion, the incorporation of AI into physiotherapy represents a cultural shift toward more precise and personalized patient care. While showing promise in improving treatment pathways and predicting long-term outcomes, ongoing research should focus on developing robust evaluation metrics for AI applications’ efficacy and reliability. Ethical considerations must be addressed to ensure the safe integration of AI technologies while maintaining the humanistic principles that underpin physiotherapy practice.
Clinical Pragmatism Creatively Combines Pragmatic Ethics with Sense of Coherence and Evidence-based Practice
Authors: Sethuraman K. R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article describes the development of biomedical ethics from a deductive, principlist approach to an inductive, pragmatic ethics framework. This approach is driven by the necessity of ethics-based decision-making in clinical environments. Pragmatic ethics puts more emphasis on the practice of practical, useful, and beneficial actions based on individual patient needs. Therefore, this shift from the traditional deontological principles demonstrates the trend toward ethics applied in real life, with the use of case scenarios on critical medical decisions as an example. Central to the pragmatic ethics approach are three pillars: a pragmatic method of inquiry that uses the best available evidence, contextual problem-solving, and collaboration with patients in decision-making. The text contrasts pragmatic ethics with utilitarian ethics by using examples to show how pragmatism focuses on realistic outcomes rather than abstract ideals. This, for its part, introduces Clinical Pragmatism as one of the required skills by the clinicians that covers an 11-step process that has integration in both evidence-based medicine (EBM) and a sense of coherence (SOC). EBM grounds the clinical practices on the best available evidence, whereas SOC brings about an all-encompassing comprehension of values and needs in patients. It, therefore, augments the outcome of treatment. In conclusion, pragmatic ethics, especially within clinical practice, offers a flexible and nuanced framework that respects patient autonomy and aligns with the evolving complexities of healthcare, balancing ethical principles with practical application to optimize patient care.
Comparative evaluation of McCoy laryngoscope and The Anaesthetist Society Scope for intubation in patients with anticipated difficult airway
Authors: Saya Raghavendra Prasad , Somula Vijaya Durga , Tappa Muneer Ahmed , Tharigonda Balaji , Chiruvella Sunil 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:
McCoy laryngoscope and video laryngoscopes (VLS) are being increasingly used in practice as they offer advantages over Macintosh laryngoscope in the management of difficult airway. The present study was aimed at comparing McCoy laryngoscope and The Anaesthetist Society Scope (TAScope) VLS regarding ease of intubation using Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS) score in patients with an anticipated difficult airway.

Methods:
A total of 80 patients of either sex, belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, undergoing surgery under general anesthesia and having simplified airway risk index score of 4 and above were randomized to two groups, McCoy group (n = 40) and TAScope group (n = 40). The primary objective of the study was to compare ease of intubation using IDS score in both the groups. Secondary objectives included time for intubation (TI), hemodynamic stress response, and incidence of oropharyngeal trauma.

Results:
Mean IDS score was significantly lower in TAScope group in comparison to McCoy group (0.9 ± 1.35 vs. 3.57 ± 2.46, P < 0.0001). The need for multiple intubation attempts, laryngeal pressure, and excess lifting force was significantly less in TAScope group (P = 0.0493, P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0007, respectively). TI was significantly longer in TAScope group in comparison to McCoy group (45.27 ± 6.06 s vs. 30.95 ± 9.13 s, P < 0.0001). The incidence of oropharyngeal trauma and hemodynamic changes was comparable in both the groups.

Conclusion:
TAScope is superior to McCoy laryngoscope for intubation in adult patients with anticipated difficult airway as it improves glottic view and facilitates easy intubation.
Comparison of the effects of self-selected music and prefixed music on preoperative anxiety in adults undergoing laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Meghana K. V , Choudhuri Pratiti , Gupta Amita , Gupta Anju 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:
Preoperative anxiety can complicate patient outcomes. Music is a noninvasive method to allay anxiety, as revealed in studies. Self-selected (SS) versus prefixed (PF) music had not been studied much. This study was performed to compare SS and PF music in anxiety reduction in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery.

Methods:
In this prospective study, 90 adults of the American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1–2, either sex, aged 18–65 years were randomized into three groups, SS, PF music, and control (C), and offered music using headphones 20 min before surgery. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were noted preoperatively (T1), preinduction (T2), 10 min post-induction (T3), 5 min (T4), 1 (T5), and 2 h (T6) postsurgery. The Visual Analog Scale for anxiety (VAS-A) at T1 and T2, VAS-pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting at T5 and T6, and serum cortisol at T1 and T5 were recorded.

Results:
Group C showed higher VAS-A, HR, SBP, DBP, VAS-pain, and nausea than group-SS and PF (P < 0.05), and higher MAP than group-SS (P < 0.05). The PF group showed higher VAS-A, SBP, DBP, MAP, and VAS-pain than the SS group (P < 0.05). The change in serum cortisol was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:
Music (SS > PF) reduces preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, and nausea–vomiting with better hemodynamic stability.
Psychiatric Care, Training and Research in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Lin Chao-Cheng (Chris) , Mentzel Charlotte , Querubin Maria Luz C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Aotearoa New Zealand, a commonwealth country, is situated in the South Pacific Ocean, in the southwestern most part of Polynesia. The country comprises two main islands – the North and South Islands – with total population of 5 million. Within this context, the authors describe mental health (including indigenous Māori perspective), psychiatrist training, mental healthcare system, and recent research in New Zealand. This review is intended to familiarize the readers of the Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry with the current status of psychiatric practice in New Zealand.

Methods:
The authors of this review collected and reviewed relevant literature on psychiatric care, education, training, and research in New Zealand. In addition, official government publications, such as reports from the Stats New Zealand and Ministry of Health, were examined to gather relevant data.

Results:
After providing a brief overview of New Zealand’s geography and history, the authors describe two major ethnic groups, New Zealanders of European descents, and the Māori, who are descendants of Polynesian settlers. Then, the prevalence of psychiatric diseases, trainings for the psychiatrist workforce, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, the New Zealand Mental Health Act, and recent psychiatric research are highlighted.

Conclusion:
New Zealand, with dominant European and Māori cultural groups and an emerging Asian population, has a growing, diverse population. Its universal healthcare system, restructured in 2022 under Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand) is aimed at enhancing efficiency and equity but faces challenges like Māori underrepresentation in the psychiatry workforce and rising demands from the growing Asian community. While mental health issues have gained government attention, future advancements are needed to improve psychiatrist recruitment and retention, enhance equitable service delivery, strengthen mental health laws, and increase psychiatry funding.
Impulsivity Impacts Suicidality in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder with and without Comorbid Depression
Authors: Wang Vincent Xi-Yu , Liao Ding-Lieh , Wu En-Liang , Li Chiang-Shan Ray 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The independent rôle of impulsivity in alcoholism patient’s suicidality is less elucidated. In this study, we intended to investigate how impulsivity and depression contribute to suicidality in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods:
We recruited 27 adult patients with AUD and major depressive disorder (AUD with MDD) and 33 with AUD only (AUD without MDD). We assessed suicidality, alcohol use severity, depression severity, impulsivity, and other psychiatric comorbidities. Suicidality was quantified for the frequency of previous history of suicide attempts and for current suicide intent/tendency. Impulsivity was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). We addressed how impulsivity contributed to both suicidality indices in multiple ordinal regressions.

Results:
Patients with AUD with MDD versus those with AUD without MDD showed significantly higher suicidality (p < 0.001), significantly more severe alcohol (p < 0.01), significantly more polysubstance use (p < 0.05), significantly more anxiety comorbidities (p < 0.05), and significantly higher BIS scores (p < 0.001). In a better-fitting final model using regression with stepwise elimination, the BIS total score was independently and significantly associated with current suicide tendency (p < 0.05) and frequency of previous suicide attempts (p < 0.01). In contrast, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 score was significantly associated only with current suicidal tendencies (p < 0.01), but not with the frequency of previous attempts.

Conclusion:
Depressed patients relative to nondepressed individuals with AUD showed higher suicidality, Barratt impulsivity, and severity of alcohol use. Across groups, BIS impulsivity but not the severity of depression was found to predict suicidality. We suggest that suicide prevention efforts may include assessment of impulsivity in AUD patients.
L-arginine administration exacerbates myocardial injury in diabetics via prooxidant and proinflammatory mechanisms along with myocardial structural disruption
Authors: Mansouri Rasha A , Aboubakr Esam M , Alshaibi Huda F , Ahmed Adel M 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
L-arginine (L-Arg) is one of the most widely used amino acids in dietary and pharmacological products. However, the evidence on its usefulness and dose limitations, especially in diabetics is still controversial.
AIM
To investigate the effects of chronic administration of different doses of L-Arg on the cardiac muscle of type 2 diabetic rats
METHODS
Of 96 male rats were divided into 8 groups as follows (n = 12): Control, 0.5 g/kg L-Arg, 1 g/kg L-Arg, 1.5 g/kg L-Arg, diabetic, diabetic + 0.5 g/kg L-Arg, diabetic + 1 g/kg L-Arg, and diabetic + 1.5 g/kg L-Arg; whereas L-Arg was orally administered for 3 months to all treated groups.
RESULTS
L-Arg produced a moderate upregulation of blood glucose levels to normal rats, but when given to diabetics a significant upregulation was observed, associated with increased nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines, and malonaldehyde levels in diabetic rats treated with 1 g/kg L-Arg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg. A substantial decrease in the antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione concentrations, and Nrf-2 tissue depletion were observed at 1 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg diabetic treated groups, associated with myocardial injury, fibrosis, α-smooth muscle actin upregulation, and disruption of desmin cardiac myofilaments, and these effects were not noticeable at normal treated groups. On the other hand, L-Arg could significantly improve the lipid profile of diabetic rats and decrease their body weights.
CONCLUSION
L-Arg dose of 1 g/kg or more can exacerbates the diabetes injurious effects on the myocardium, while 0.5 g/kg dose can improve the lipid profile and decrease the body weight.
Improving nursing care protocols for diabetic patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent years
Authors: Grande-Alonso Mónica , Barbado García María , Cristóbal-Aguado Soledad , Aguado-Henche Soledad , Moreno-Gómez-Toledano Rafael 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus has become one of the major pandemics of the 21st century. In this scenario, nursing interventions are essential for improving self-care and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nursing interventions are crucial for managing the disease and preventing complications.
AIM
To analyse nursing interventions in recent years through a systematic review and meta-analysis and to propose improvements in care plans.
METHODS
This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of nursing interventions on quantitative glycaemic variables, such as glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose.
RESULTS
After confirming that the combined effect of all studies from the past 5 years positively impacts quantitative variables, a descriptive analysis of the studies with the most significant changes was conducted. Based on this, an improvement in diabetic patient care protocols has been proposed through follow-up plans tailored to the patient’s technological skills.
CONCLUSION
The combined results obtained and the proposal for improvement developed in this manuscript could help to improve the quality of life of many people around the world.
Transcriptome and single-cell profiling of the mechanism of diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Zhou Ying , Fang Xiao , Huang Lin-Jing , Wu Pei-Wen 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
The NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome may play an important role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the exact link remains unclear.
AIM
To investigate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DKD.
METHODS
Using datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, 30 NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes were identified. Differentially expressed genes were selected using differential expression analysis, whereas intersecting genes were selected based on overlapping differentially expressed genes and NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes. Subsequently, three machine learning algorithms were used to screen genes, and biomarkers were identified by overlapping the genes from the three algorithms. Potential biomarkers were validated by western blotting in a db/db mouse model of diabetes.
RESULTS
Two biomarkers, sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and caspase 1 (CASP1), involved in the Leishmania infection pathway were identified. Both biomarkers were expressed in endothelial cells. Pseudo-temporal analysis based on endothelial cells showed that DKD mostly occurs during the mid-differentiation stage. Western blotting results showed that CASP1 expression was higher in the DKD group than in the control group (P < 0.05), and SIRT2 content decreased (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
SIRT2 and CASP1 provide a potential theoretical basis for DKD treatment.
Effect of SPTLC1 on type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yi Bo , Bao Yan , Wen Zhong-Yuan 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Although numerous single nucleotide polymorphism in multiple genes involve in the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), the single gene defects of T2D with strong family history is not clear yet. SPTLC1 are causative for hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, which is clinical overlapping with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Mice with adipocyte-specific deletion of SPTLC1 had impaired glucose tolerances and insulin sensitivity. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the SPTLC1 mutations in adult-onset T2D with strong family history.
AIM
To analyze the role of SPTLC1 mutation on adult-onset T2D with strong family history.
METHODS
By whole-exome sequence analysis of a patient with T2D and his family members, an uncertain variant in SPTLC1 was identified. Bioinformation analysis was used to evaluate the influence of mutation, rare variant gene-level associations for SPTLC1 in T2D, and the relationship between SPTLC1 mRNA and T2D in human islets from GSE25724. The effect of G371R of SPTLC1 on the characteristics of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis was also tested on human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells.
RESULTS
A single nucleotide variation in SPTLC1 (c.1111G>A: p.G371R) was identified in a family with T2D. The deleterious variant was predicted by functional analysis through hidden Markov models and mendelian clinically applicable pathogenicity software. This pathogenicity might be derived from the different amino acid properties. In HEK 293T cells, p.G371R of SPTLC1 induced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and the percent of apoptosis. Meanwhile, rare variant gene-level associations for SPTLC1 also refer to the high risk of T2D (the overall odds ratio = 2.4968, P = 0.0164). Data from GSE25724 showed that SPTLC1 mRNA was lower in pancreatic islets from T2D human islets (P = 0.046), and was associated with the decreased level of insulin mRNA expression (Spearman r = 0.615, P = 0.025).
CONCLUSION
The study classified SPTLC1 p.G371R mutation as the likely pathogenic mutation from an adult-onset T2D patients with strong family history T2D.
Islet β-cell function preservation by different anti-diabetic treatments in Chinese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ling Wei , Wang Yan-Chao , Huang Yi , Ou Yang-Fu , Jiang Yan-Chun 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
The preservation of islet β-cell function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a top priority for diabetic control.
AIM
To assess the preservation of islet β-cell function among elderly Chinese patients with T2DM after different anti-diabetic treatments.
METHODS
In this longitudinal observational study, elderly patients with T2DM treated with insulin, oral antidiabetic drugs or a combination of both were enrolled to disclose their islet β-cell function between baseline and follow-up. Islet β-cell function was determined by the plasma Homeostasis Model for β-cell function (HOMA-β), C-peptide and area under the curve (AUC) based on oral glucose tolerance test. Changes in β-cell function (decrement or increment from baseline) between different therapy groups were the outcomes.
RESULTS
In total, 745 elderly patients (≥ 60 years) with T2DM [insulin monotherapy, n = 105; oral anti-diabetic drugs (OAD) monotherapy, n = 321; insulin plus OAD, n = 319] had their baseline and follow-up β-cell function assessed during a median observation period of 4.5 years (range, 3.0-7.2 years). Overall, islet β-cell function (HOMA-β, fasting C-peptide, fasting insulin, AUCc-pep, AUCins, AUCc-pep/AUCglu, AUCins/AUCglu) consistently deteriorated over time regardless of the three different antidiabetic treatments. No statistical differences in decrement were observed among the three groups regarding the islet β-cell function indices. All three groups showed an increased ratio of delayed insulin secretion response after 4.5 years of observation.
CONCLUSION
In Chinese elderly patients with T2DM, islet β-cell function progressively declines regardless of insulin supplement or insulin plus OAD treatments.
Investigation and study on the epidemiology of gestational diabetes mellitus in Guizhou
Authors: Dong Lin , Zhong Wei , Qiao Tian , Wang Zhuo , Liang Yi , Zhao Dan-Qing 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health concern, particularly in regions with diverse ethnic populations. Understanding the incidence and risk factors of GDM is crucial for early prevention and management, especially in underrepresented areas like Guizhou Province, China, where geographic and ethnic diversity may influence the disease’s prevalence and risk profiles.
AIM
To investigate the incidence of GDM and identify its associated risk and protective factors among different ethnic groups in Guizhou Province, providing essential data for early prevention strategies.
METHODS
A multi-center retrospective study was conducted, dividing participants into GDM and non-GDM groups according to standardized diagnostic criteria. Data were collected from 103629 deliveries across 40 hospitals in Guizhou. Various demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were analyzed using logistic regression to identify risk and protective factors for GDM.
RESULTS
Among the 103629 deliveries, 18957 cases of GDM were identified, with an incidence of approximately 18.3%. The risk of GDM was higher in the Han ethnic group compared to minority ethnic groups. The Dong ethnic group had the lowest incidence among the minorities. Key risk factors identified included older age (especially > 35 years), higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), light physical activity, gravidity, family history of diabetes, hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and direct bilirubin. Protective factors included higher education level, total protein, and albumin. There were also differences based on blood type, with type A associated with higher risk.
CONCLUSION
The incidence rate in Guizhou is 18.3%. Older age (especially > 35 years), Han ethnicity, lower education level, higher pre-pregnancy BMI, light physical activity, and higher gravidity are the main risk factors for GDM. Laboratory findings indicate that higher hemoglobin, higher liver function parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and direct bilirubin), and lower total protein and albumin are associated with a higher risk of GDM. Blood type A has a higher risk of GDM compared to blood types AB and O.