bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Injury-Resistant Runners Have Distinct Differences in Clinical Measures Compared with Recently Injured Runners?
Authors: DILLON SARAH , BURKE AOIFE , WHYTE ENDA F. , O’CONNOR SIOBHÁN , GORE SHANE , MORAN KIERAN A. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although lower extremity muscle strength, joint motion, and functional foot alignment are commonly used, time-efficient clinical measures that have been proposed as risk factors for running-related injuries, it is unclear if these factors can distinguish injury resistance in runners.

Purpose
This study compares clinical measures, with consideration of sex, between recently injured runners (3 months to 1 yr prior), those with a high level of injury resistance who have been uninjured for at least 2 yr, and never-injured runners.

Methods
Averaged bilateral values and between-limb symmetry angles of lower limb isometric muscle strength, joint motion, navicular drop, and foot posture index (FPI) were assessed in a cohort of recreational runners, and their injury history was recorded. Differences in clinical measures between injury groupings were examined, with consideration of sex.

Results
Of the 223 runners tested, 116 had been recently injured, 61 had been injured >2 yr ago and were deemed to have acquired reinjury resistance, and 46 were never injured. Plantarflexion was greater in both recently injured (P = 0.001) and acquired reinjury resistance runners (P = 0.001) compared with never-injured runners. Recently injured runners displayed higher hip abduction strength compared with never-injured runners (P = 0.019, η
2 = 0.038, small effect size). There were no statistically significant differences in the remaining measures between the injury groupings. With the exception of FPI, there was no interaction between sex and injury grouping for any of the measures.

Conclusion
Commonly used clinical measures of strength, joint motion, and functional foot alignment were not superior in injury-resistant runners compared with recently injured runners, questioning their relevance in identifying future injury resistance of runners.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise-induced Weight Loss on the Components of Daily Energy Expenditure
Authors: BROSKEY NICHOLAS T. , MARTIN CORBY K. , BURTON JEFFREY H. , CHURCH TIMOTHY S. , RAVUSSIN ERIC , REDMAN LEANNE M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Exercise usually results in less weight loss than expected. This suggests increased energy intake and/or deceased expenditure counteract the energy deficit induced by exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in components of daily energy expenditure (doubly labeled water and room calorimetry) after 24 wk of exercise training with two doses of aerobic exercise.

Methods
This was an ancillary study in 42 (29 women, 13 men) sedentary, middle-age (47.8 ± 12.5 yr) individuals with obesity (35 ± 3.7 kg·m−2) enrolled in the Examination of Mechanisms of Exercise-induced Weight Compensation study. Subjects were randomized to three groups: healthy living control group (n = 13), aerobic exercise that expended 8 kcal·kg−1 of body weight per week (8 KKW, n = 14), or aerobic exercise that expended 20 kcal per kilogram of weight per week (20 KKW, n = 15). Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was measured in free-living condition by doubly labeled water and in sedentary conditions in a metabolic chamber over 24 h (24EE). Energy intake was calculated over 14 d from TDEE before and after the intervention using the intake-balance method.

Results
Significant weight loss occurred with 20 KKW (−2.1 ± 0.7 kg, P = 0.04) but was only half of expected. In the 20 KKW group free-living TDEE increased by ~4% (P = 0.03), which is attributed to the increased exercise energy expenditure (P = 0.001), while 24EE in the chamber decreased by ~4% (P = 0.04). Aerobic exercise at 8 KKW did not induce weight change, and there was no significant change in any component of EE. There was no significant change in energy intake for any group (P = 0.53).

Conclusions
Structured aerobic exercise at a dose of 20 KKW produced less weight loss than expected possibly due to behavioral adaptations leading to reduced 24EE in a metabolic chamber without any change in energy intake.
Exploring advanced nursing practice in stroke services: a scoping review
Authors: Bailey Joe , Tod Angela , Robertson Steve , King Rachel 
Published: April 2021

Background: Stroke care is becoming increasingly reliant on advanced nursing practice (ANP); however, little is known about these roles within the stroke specialty. Aims: To explore the current knowledge of advanced nursing practice in stroke services internationally, specifically, the conceptualisation of ANP and the rationale for its implementation. Methods: Arskey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology was employed, and six academic databases were used. Findings: Two key themes were identified; ‘role development’ and ‘four pillars of advanced practice’. The review identifies that ANP is implemented primarily to provide acute stroke care. Conclusions: Current research does not clarify the rationale for implementing these posts or how ANP is conceptualised. This review does identify that stroke ANP incorporates the four pillars of advanced practice (clinical, research, leadership and education) and was implemented to improve the quality of stroke care. Barriers and facilitators to implementation were also identified.
Men’s knowledge, attitude, and barriers towards emergency contraception: A facility based cross-sectional study at King Saud University Medical City
Authors: Karim Syed Irfan , Irfan Farhana , Saad Hussain , Alqhtani Mohammed , Alsharhan Abdulmalik , Alzhrani Ahmed , Alhawas Feras , Alatawi Saud , Alassiri Mohammed , M. A. Ahmed Abdullah 
Published: April 2021

Background
Male partners have a considerable role in influencing women’s contraceptive decision making to reduce the chance of unintended pregnancy. Most studies are focused on women’s knowledge and barriers for emergency contraception (EC) use. There is limited research on this topic from the male perspective. This study aimed to gather baseline data on men’s knowledge, attitudes and barriers about EC.

Methods
Descriptive analytic cross-sectional study was conducted from Dec 2019 –May 2020 at the King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH); a teaching facility with general and subspecialty medical services in King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a structured pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics and Chi square tests were used. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find significant predictors for EC awareness and use. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 461 participants completed the questionnaire (response rate 86%). The majority (82%) of the participants were unaware of EC; with only 18% having some knowledge. Knowledgeable men had positive attitudes (73.5%) about EC as compared to non- knowledgeable ones (55.0%). Factors found to be associated with less knowledge of EC were cultural [0.46, 95%CI 0.22. 0.96] and religious unacceptability [OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.29, 0.89)]. Higher level of education [OR 1.83, 95%CI 0.94, 3.53] was associated with more knowledge regarding EC. The study showed that correct information about using contraceptives within 3 days of unprotected sex [OR 4.96, 95%CI 1.81, 13.60]; availability without prescription [OR 5.06, 95%CI 1.68, 15.30], EC advertisement [OR 4.84, 95%CI 0.96, 24.27] and receipt of information from family/friends [OR 18.50, 95%CI 5.19, 65.93] were factors that contributed to men using EC.

Conclusion
The current knowledge of EC among men is limited. Social determinants affect these levels of knowledge, as well as the usage of EC. Factors that were associated with the use of ECPs were correct knowledge, advertisement, availability and receipt of information from family/friends. The findings highlight the need to educate men on this important topic to avoid unintended pregnancy, keeping in view cultural and social values. Future qualitative studies are needed to understand the male perspective.
High burden of cryptococcal antigenemia and meningitis among patients presenting at an emergency department in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Deiss Robert , Loreti Carolina V. , Gutierrez Ana G. , Filipe Eudoxia , Tatia Milton , Issufo Sheila , Ciglenecki Iza , Loarec Anne , Vivaldo Henriques , Barra Carmen , Siufi Carolina , Molfino Lucas , Tamayo Antabak Natalia 
Published: April 2021

Background
Cryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of HIV-related mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, however, screening for cryptococcal antigenemia has not been universally implemented. As a result, data concerning cryptococcal meningitis and antigenemia are sparse, and in Mozambique, the prevalence of both are unknown.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data from a point-of-care cryptococcal antigen screening program at a public hospital in Maputo, Mozambique. HIV-positive patients admitted to the emergency department underwent CD4 count testing; those with pre-defined abnormal vital signs or CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/μL received cryptococcal antigen testing and lumbar punctures if indicated. Patients with CM were admitted to the hospital and treated with liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine; their 12-week outcomes were ascertained through review of medical records or telephone contact by program staff made in the routine course of service delivery.

Results
Among 1,795 patients screened for cryptococcal antigenemia between March 2018—March 2019, 134 (7.5%) were positive. Of patients with cryptococcal antigenemia, 96 (71.6%) were diagnosed with CM, representing 5.4% of all screened patients. Treatment outcomes were available for 87 CM patients: 24 patients (27.6%) died during induction treatment and 63 (72.4%) survived until discharge; of these, 38 (60.3%) remained in care, 9 (14.3%) died, and 16 (25.3%) were lost-to follow-up at 12 weeks.

Conclusions
We found a high prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia and meningitis among patients screened at an emergency department in Maputo, Mozambique. High mortality during and after induction therapy demonstrate missed opportunities for earlier detection of cryptococcal antigenemia, even as point-of-care screening and rapid assessment in an emergency room offer potential to improve outcomes.
In Silico screening of circulating tumor DNA, circulating microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs as diagnostic molecular biomarkers in ovarian cancer: A comprehensive meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Hu Chenyan , Huang Zhongping , Li Zhijia , Zhang Qin , He Yang 
Published: April 2021

Background
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a leading cause of death in gynecological malignancies worldwide. Multitudinous studies have suggested the potential of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as novel diagnostic molecular biomarkers for OC. Here, we include three updated meta-analysis methods using different molecular biomarkers to evaluate their discriminative value in OC diagnosis.

Methods
We conducted three meta-analyses after searching different databases, and 23 eligible articles, including 8 concerning ctDNA, 11 concerning miRNAs, and 4 concerning lncRNAs, were found. Further, we pooled data concerning the sensitivity, specificity, and other indicators of accuracy for ctDNA/miRNAs/lncRNAs in the diagnosis of OC. The heterogeneity was further explored by meta-regressions and subgroup analyses, and Deeks’ funnel plots were used to measure the publication bias of these three meta-analyses.

Results
In all, this meta-analysis included 1732 OC patients and 3958 controls. The sensitivity of ctDNA for OC diagnosis was superior to that of lncRNA and miRNA (84% vs. 81% vs. 78%). Moreover, the specificity and area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of ctDNA were 91% and 94%, which were significantly higher than those of miRNA and lncRNAs (78% and 85%; 78% and 86%, respectively). No significant difference was observed among the two meta-analyses of ctDNA and lncRNA (P > 0.05) with regard to publication bias, while the meta-analysis of miRNA observed a significantly small publication bias (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
ctDNA/miRNAs/lncRNAs may be promising molecular biomarkers for OC diagnosis. Further large-scale studies are needed to verify the potential applicability of ctDNA/miRNAs/lncRNAs molecular signatures alone or in combination as diagnostic molecular biomarkers for OC.
Introducción: Ronald N. Giere, un referente y maestro de la filosofía de la ciencia
Authors: Estany Anna , Cuevas Badallo Ana 
Published: April 2021

Ronald N. Giere (1938-2020) nació en Cleveland, Ohio, Estados Unidos. Estudió física, doctorándose en Cornell University en Filosofía en 1968. En su larga carrera académica fue profesor en New York University y en University of Pittsburgh. Estuvo también en el Departamento de Historia y Filosofía de la Ciencia de Indiana University (Bloomington) y posteriormente en University of Minnesota. Pertenecía a la Asociación Estadounidense para el Avance de la Cien- cia, fue miembro del consejo editorial de la revista Philosophy of Science y antiguo presidente de la Philosophy of Science Association. Ha sido uno de los referentes de la filosofía de la ciencia de nuestra época, con un impacto muy importante a nivel internacional.
El objetivo del monográfico en ArtefaCToS como homenaje a la figura de Ronald N. Giere es poner de manifiesto su pensamiento en las cuestiones claves que ha abordado la filosofía de la ciencia a lo largo de buena parte del siglo XX y que continúa siendo un punto de referencia para los retos que la filosofía tiene planteados actualmente. Vamos a señalar algunas de sus obras más significativas y sus ideas desarrolladas en las mismas.
Apert Syndrome: Case Series and Review of The Literature
Authors: Silvina Silvina , Khairiza Rizka , Setyarto Muhammad Rizqy 
Published: April 2021

Summary: Apert syndrome is a type 1 acrocephalosyndactyly, a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of multiple craniosynostoses, dysmorphic facial manifestations, and syndactyly of hand and feet. It affects 1:100.00 of birth and the second most common of syndromic craniosynostosis. Molecular genetic tests that identify the heterozygous pathogenic variant in FGFR2 genes - identical with Apert syndrome cost too high to be applicable in developing countries. Therefore, the diagnosis of Apert syndrome should be suspected from the clinical findings.
Three cases from the Community of Indonesian Apert Warrior Group were collected. These series were based on medical and surgical records. We obtained the patient characteristic from the phenotypic manifestations only.
We present cases of 6-years-old male, 2-years-old female, and 3-years-old female, respectively, with similar anatomical findings, such as skull shape abnormality, midface hypoplasia, intraoral disfigurement, and hands and feet deformities that resemble Apert Syndrome. Our series presents similar Apert syndrome characteristics, such as typical craniofacial dysmorphic with symmetrical syndactyly of both upper and lower extremities. These clinical findings are essential to establish an initial diagnostic of Apert Syndrome.
OPTIMASI OUTPUT DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER MENGGUNAKAN METODE ASTRONOMI BERBASIS SMART RELAY
Authors: Triyono Budi , Prasetyo Yuli , Kusbandono Hendrik 
Published: April 2021

Upaya mengatasi terbatasnya energi listrik yaitu penggunaan energi terbarukan. Salah satu energi terbarukan yang berasal dari energi matahari. Pengaplikasian energi listrik yang berasal dari energi matahari pun cukup beragam seperti lampu penerangan jalan, penyuplai energi listrik untuk rumah tangga, battery charging, back up pembangkit listrik untuk industri, heater kolam renang, pompa air, dan lainnya. Dalam penggunaannya, panel surya banyak dipasang statik dan tidak memperhitungkan titik optimal pancaran sinar matahari. Hal ini menyebabkan intensitas cahaya matahari yang diterima kurang optimal. Sehingga mengakibatkan energi listrik yang dihasilkan tidak maksimal. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu sistem yang dapat mengendalikan panel surya secara otomatis dan mengikuti arah pergerakan cahaya matahari. Metode ini menggunakan sensor sudut berupa potensiometer untuk elevation dan rotary encoder sebagai sensor sudut azimuth. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini memiliki nilai tegangan maksimal saat pergerakan mengikuti sinar matahari adalah 22 V. Nilai tegangan keluaran dari panel surya lebih besar pada saat mengikuti pergerakan matahari yaitu 22V sedangkan saat kondisi panel surya diam hanya 20V.
OPTIMASI PENEMPATAN RECLOSER PADA PENYULANG OLAK ALEN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEANDALAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION
Authors: Pakaya Ilham , Basolle Azfar Waris , Zulfatman Zulfatman 
Published: April 2021

Keandalan sistem tenaga listrik merupakan salah satu isu utama dalam penyaluran energi listrik. Gangguan berulang pada jaringan distribusi energi listrik sangat mempengaruhi keandalan sistem distribusi. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah meningkatkan keandalan sistem distribusi tenaga listrik dengan melakukukan pemasangan recloser pada jaringan distribusi. Recloser merupakan pengaman yang berfungsi untuk memisahkan daerah yang terganggu sehingga dapat memperkecil daerah yang terdampak gangguan. Pada Penyulang Olak Alen terdapat 2 buah recloser yang terpasang pada bus 5 dan 6 dengan indeks keandalan SAIDI 6,0544 jam/tahun dan SAIFI sebesar 1,8724 gangguan/tahun berdasarkan data pada tahun 2019. Pada penelitian ini posisi recloser dioptimalkan dengan algoritma differential evolution (DE) agar keandalan sistem distribusi lebih baik. Berdasarkan simulasi, penempatan recloser untuk 2 buah recloser terletak pada bus 5 dan 13 dengan indeks keandalan SAIDI 4,5461 jam/tahun dan SAIFI 1,3904 gangguan/tahun. Penempatan posisi recloser saat 3 buah terletak pada bus 8, 13 dan 21 dengan indeks keandalan SAIDI 4,0095 jam/tahun dan SAIFI 1,2272 gangguan/tahun. Dari hasil studi tersebut disimpulkan bahwa penempatan recloser menggunakan algoritma DE lebih optimal dibandingkan cara konvensional. Kemudian, semakin banyak recloser yang dipasang, maka keandalan sistem distribusi akan semakin meningkat.
Morphology and genetics concur that Anoura carishina is a synonym of Anoura latidens (Chiroptera, Glossophaginae)
Authors: Calderón-Acevedo Camilo A. , Rodríguez-Posada Miguel E. , Muchhala Nathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Anoura carishina was described based on cranial and dental morphology, but the original analyses did not include Anoura latidens, a similar species of Anoura. We used morphological, morphometric, and genetic analyses to evaluate the taxonomic identity of A. carishina. We performed a principal components analysis to evaluate the correspondence between morphological and taxonomic groups for 260 specimens of large-bodied Anoura (A. carishina, Anoura geoffroyi, A. latidens, and Anoura peruana), and statistically analyzed traits diagnostic for A. latidens, including (1) morphology of the third upper premolar (P4), (2) size of the second (P3) and third (P4) upper premolars, and (3) angle formed by the maxillary toothrows. We find that A. latidens and A. carishina are indistinguishable, and share several characters lacking in A. geoffroyi, including a P4 with triangular shape, an under-developed anterobasal cusp in the P3, a smaller braincase, and a shorter rostrum. Phylogenetic analyses using ultra-conserved elements infer that the holotype and two paratype specimens of A. carishina are paraphyletic and nested within A. latidens, while one paratype diagnosable by morphology as A. geoffroyi nests within A. geoffroyi samples. We demonstrate that A. carishina should be considered a junior synonym of A. latidens, updating the distribution of the latter.
An infant with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus presenting with hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia
Authors: Tao Katsuo , Awazu Midori , Honda Misa , Shibata Hironori , Mori Takayasu , Uchida Shinichi , Hasegawa Tomonobu , Ishii Tomohiro 
Published: April 2021

Summary
We report a male infant with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) who presented with hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia since birth. Serum sodium started to increase at 39 days. Although there was no polyuria, urine osmolality was 71 mOsm/kg, when serum osmolality was 296 mOsm/kg with plasma arginine vasopressin 22.5 pg/mL. He was thus diagnosed as NDI. An undetectable level of urine calcium and unsuppressed intact parathyroid hormone suggested hyperparathyroidism including calcium-sensing receptor mutations that could cause hypercalcemia-induced NDI. Polyuria became apparent after the initiation of i.v. infusion for the treatment of hypernatremia. Low calcium and low sodium formula with hypotonic fluid infusion did not correct hypernatremia, hypercalcemia, or hyperphosphatemia. Hydrochlorothiazide and subsequently added celecoxib effectively decreased urine output and corrected electrolytes abnormalities. Normal serum electrolytes were maintained after the discontinuation of low calcium formula. The genetic analysis revealed a large deletion of the arginine vasopressin receptor-2 (AVPR2) gene but no pathogenic variant in the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene. Whether hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia were caused by dehydration alone or in combination with other mechanisms remains to be clarified.

Learning points

Congenital NDI can present with neonatal hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.

Hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia can be treated with low calcium and low sodium formula, hydration, hydrochlorothiazide, and celecoxib.

Genetic testing is sometimes necessary in the differentiating diagnosis of hypercalcemia associated with NDI.
Baja demanda de servicios de salud oral en el primer nivel de atención
Authors: Hernández-Espino Raúl 
Published: April 2021

Sr. Editor.
La alta prevalencia de enfermedades de salud oral sigue siendo un desafío debido a las repercusiones del estado de salud en general y el factor económico que en ocasiones suele ser determinante para el acceso a los tratamientos 1, dicho problema también surge de otra parte, el poco interés de parte de la población. Siendo así, la presenta carta tiene como objetivo mostrar la problemática de la salud oral en la posición del paciente ante el tratamiento odontológico.