bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc supplementation during chemotherapy for gynecological malignancy
Authors: Yanazume Shintaro , Ushiwaka Takashi , Yorouki Honami , Onigahara Motohisa , Fukuda Mika , Togami Shinichi , Kamio Masaki , Kobayashi Hiroaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the significance of zinc supplementation for zinc deficiency during chemotherapy for gynecologic malignancies.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients suspected of zinc deficiency before chemotherapy were prospectively evaluated. Gustatory test, serum zinc, blood count, and biochemical examinations were made pre‐chemotherapy at 3‐ and 6‐week intervals. Patients with serum zinc levels <70 μg were prescribed oral zinc acetate hydrate (167.8 mg/day) for 3 weeks. The primary outcome was efficacy of zinc supplementation, the secondary outcomes were zinc deficiency rates and adverse effects of the zinc supplement.ResultsFifteen (mean serum zinc level: 67.4 ± 6.2 μg/dL) out of 28 patients were administered zinc supplementation pre‐chemotherapy, and subsequent serum zinc levels reached 83.2 ± 15.3 μg/dL in 3 weeks. Factors associated with chemotherapy (vs. chemoradiation, p = 0.041) and taxane + platinum (p = 0.048) were significant risk factors for decreasing zinc levels following chemotherapy. Although patients that required zinc supplementation showed decreased serum zinc levels after chemotherapy and tended to experience taste alteration (sour: p = 0.041), zinc supplementation for zinc deficiency during chemotherapy did not alter taste perception.ConclusionZinc supplementation promptly increased serum levels without major complications and may prevent an alteration in taste perception.
Downregulation of GTSE1 leads to the inhibition of proliferation, migration, and Warburg effect in cervical cancer by blocking LHDA expression
Authors: Chen Longyi , Zhong Youwen , Yang Xiuwei , Zhang Qingyue , Wu Xiaoling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimG2 and S phase‐expressed‐1 (GTSE1) has been identified to play a vital role in several kinds of cancers, but its role in cervical cancer development remains unknown. Herein, we aimed to reveal the role and underlying mechanism of GTSE1 in cervical cancer cell growth, migration, and aerobic glycolysis.MethodsGTSE1 expression levels in cervical cancer tissues and normal cervical tissues were determined by real time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Human short hairpin RNA was used to downregulate GTSE1 level in cervical cancer cells SiHa and HeLa cells. Colony formation, cell counting kit‐8, and wound‐healing assays were used for cell function evaluation. Lactate production, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and glucose concentration were tested to assess the Warburg effect.ResultsGTSE1 expressions at both mRNA and protein levels were significantly elevated in cervical cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Downregulation of GTSE1 induced significant repressions in cell colony formation, viability and migration, and Warburg effect, as well as reduced expression of lactate dehydrogenase isoform A (LDHA) at mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, downregulation of GTSE1 weakened the tumorigenesis of HeLa and SiHa cells in vivo.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that downregulation of GTSE1 led to significant inhibitions in cell proliferation, migration, tumorigenesis, and Warburg effect in cervical cancer by blocking the expression of LHDA.
Crizotinib‐induced anti‐cancer activity in human cervical carcinoma cells via ROS‐dependent mitochondrial depolarization and induction of apoptotic pathway
Authors: Varma Diksha A. , Tiwari Manisha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionCervical cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among women population worldwide. In spite of recurrent screening, vaccination, and chemotherapeutic interventions, combating cervical cancer still remains a challenge. Crizotinib is a small molecule inhibitor that targets mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c‐MET) and has been successfully studied for its anti‐cancer effects in non‐small cell lung cancer, pancreatic, gastric, renal, prostate, and breast carcinomas. Although c‐MET is a well‐known prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic target in cervical cancer, anti‐cancer properties of its inhibitor crizotinib against cervical carcinoma, has not been explored yet.MethodsIn the present study, the anti‐cancer effects of crizotinib on cervical cancer cells were evaluated using various in vitro cell‐based assays, such as labelling drug‐treated cells with MTT, H2DCFDA, Annexin V5‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) antibody, JC‐1, PI, and analysis using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS).ResultsThe molecule was found to effectively inhibit proliferation of cervical cancer cells HeLa and SiHa with an IC50 of 0.641 ± 0.0724 and 0.871 ± 0.104 μM, respectively, and induce apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Further investigations showed that crizotinib‐induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with increasing concentrations further resulted in mitochondrial membrane depolarization. However, the drug had no effect on cell cycle progression of HeLa and SiHa cells.ConclusionThus, the study elucidates the cytotoxic effects of crizotinib in cervical cancer cells by activation of ROS‐dependent apoptotic pathway via mitochondrial depolarization. These findings will further aid the evaluation of other molecular mechanisms of crizotinib and would pave the way for its implication as a chemotherapeutic option in cervical cancer.
Manual removal of the placenta and postpartum hemorrhage: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Fujita Kei , Ushida Takafumi , Imai Kenji , Nakano‐Kobayashi Tomoko , Iitani Yukako , Matsuo Seiko , Yoshida Shigeru , Yamashita Mamoru , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kotani Tomomi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimIn postpartum women, retained placenta is diagnosed in the absence of signs of placental separation and expulsion, and requires manual removal of the placenta (MROP). MROP may lead to massive hemorrhage, hemodynamic instability, and the need for emergency interventions including blood transfusion, interventional radiology, and hysterectomy. In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors for retained placenta requiring MROP after vaginal delivery and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) following MROP.MethodsA multicenter retrospective study was performed using data from women who delivered at term between 2010 and 2018 at 13 facilities in Japan. Of 36 454 eligible women, 112 women who required MROP were identified. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the risk factors for retained placenta and PPH following MROP.ResultsA history of abortion, assisted reproductive technology (ART), instrumental delivery, and delivery of small‐for‐gestational‐age infant were independent risk factors for MROP (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 1.93 [1.28–2.92], 8.41 [5.43–13.05], 1.80 [1.14–2.82], and 4.32 [1.97–9.48], respectively). ART was identified as an independent risk factor for PPH (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 6.67 [2.42–18.36]) in patients who underwent MROP.ConclusionART pregnancies significantly increased the risk of retained placenta requiring MROP and PPH. Our results suggest that clinicians need consider patient transfer to a higher‐level facility and preparation of sufficient blood products before initiating MROP in cases of ART pregnancies. Our study may assist in identifying high‐risk women for PPH before MROP and in guiding treatment decisions, especially in facilities without a blood bank.
Surgically treated genital chronic graft‐versus‐host disease in women: A report of three cases
Authors: Kamada Yasuhiko , Kusumoto Rie , Kashino Chiaki , Kubo Kotaro , Mitsui Takashi , Masuyama Hisashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a crucial treatment for hematological malignancy. Gonadal dysfunction occurs at an early stage after this treatment, and such patients may require hormone replacement therapy. Genital chronic graft‐versus‐host disease is a lesser‐known complication of HSCT that begins with vulvar discomfort and dysuria and progresses to sexual dysfunction and retention of menstrual blood due to vaginal stenosis and obstruction; thus, significantly impairing the patient's quality of life. We describe three women who underwent vaginal reconstruction because of genital chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. We discuss the surgical techniques, including double cross plasty that were performed in each case. Surgical interventions enabled the continuation of HRT and facilitated sexual intercourse. In conclusion, gynecologists should be aware that genital chronic graft‐versus‐host disease can occur after HSCT, and that surgical treatment options are available to improve patients' symptoms and quality of life.
The role of different nephrology experts in informed shared decision‐making for renal replacement therapy
Authors: Stoye Anja , Zimmer Julia‐Marie , Girndt Matthias , Mau Wilfried 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundInterprofessional teams and peer support are being increasingly considered in informed shared decision‐making. In Germany, there appear to be deficits in the implementation of informed shared decision‐making in the choice of renal replacement therapy, such as the lack of collaboration in interprofessional teams and the absence of structured peer support programmes for patients with chronic kidney disease.ObjectiveTo explore nephrologists' and nurses' perspectives regarding their involvement in shared decision‐making when choosing renal replacement therapy.DesignGuideline‐based, problem‐centred interviews were used.ParticipantsA total of 20 nephrologists and 15 nurses were recruited from 21 dialysis units all over Germany.ApproachInterviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed. They were analysed thematically using structuring and summary content analysis, supported by the qualitative data analysis software MAXQDA 12.ResultsThe most important findings were the late or missing participation of nurses in the informed shared decision‐making process and the unstructured peer support. Along with time and financial factors, these aspects were seen as barriers to shared decision‐making with patients who are often overwhelmed by the diagnosis. Furthermore, informed shared decision‐making has been insufficiently considered in professional education and training.ConclusionShared decision‐making in the choice of renal replacement therapy is particularly challenging due to the patients' high disease burden. The greater incorporation of informed shared decision‐making in education and training as well as the consistent involvement of nursing staff and structured peer counselling already in the predialysis phase with adequate reimbursement can address the identified hurdles.
Estimating the Impact of the Pandemic on Children's Physical Health: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rahman A Mansoor , Chandrasekaran Baskaran 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChildren are expected to adhere to the recommended physical activity (PA) dose of 60 minutes per day and minimize sedentary behaviors (SB) to stray away from the cardio‐metabolic disease risk. However, there is a lack of review of current evidence pointing to the negative physical health effects of the Covid‐19 lockdown, with its barriers and facilitators for effective PA implementation in children aged 3 to 13.METHODSTwo independent authors conducted an extensive search on five peer‐reviewed journal databases for the studies examining changes in PA or SB in children and the potential barriers during Covid‐19 lockdown.RESULTSOf 1039 studies initially screened, only 14 studies were included. Ninety‐three percent of the studies were cross‐sectional surveys. A 34% reduction in PA was noted while SB, including screen time, increased by 82%. Our review identified potential barriers to the effective implementation of PA behaviors in children at four levels: individual, family, school, and government policies.CONCLUSIONSA moderate reduction in PA and high SB in children during lockdown was linked with obstacles at the individual, family, school, and political levels. Stakeholders should consider the above barriers when designing and implementing interventions to address low PA and SB practices.
Health‐Related Physical Fitness and Activity in Homeschool: A Systematic Review With Implications for Return to Public School
Authors: Kabiri Laura S. , Messineo Ashley , Gattu Nikhil , Ray Brian D. , Iammarino Nicholas K. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this systematic review is to summarize what is known about health‐related physical fitness (cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition) and physical activity among homeschool youth. Findings from this study have implications for all American youth as they return to public school from mandated schooling at home during the COVID‐19 pandemic.METHODSDatabase engines identified over 22,000 articles with 82 abstracts screened for further review. Of these, 18 full‐text articles were additionally screened with 10 cross‐sectional articles included in the final review. Articles were condensed into a standard review template and findings were summarized by topic.RESULTSCardiovascular endurance findings were inconsistent. Abdominal, but not upper body, muscular strength and endurance were significantly lower in homeschool students. There were no reports on flexibility. Body composition was generally healthy in homeschool students and no differences in physical activity were seen.CONCLUSIONSResearch on health‐related physical fitness in homeschool youth is limited and descriptive. Further testing and potential remediation may be needed for cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility in homeschool youth and their public school counterparts as they return to campus. However, existing literature supports healthy body composition and physical activity in this population.
Dietary lysine supplementation improves growth performance and skeletal muscle development in rabbits fed a low protein diet
Authors: Liu Mengqi , Li Chenyang , Tang Haojia , Gong Maohua , Yue Zhengkai , Zhao Man , Liu Lei , Li Fuchang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on growth of Lysine (Lys) supplementation in a low protein diet. We also investigated the gene or protein expression related to skeletal muscle development and intestinal amino acid transporters, and determined the major signalling associated with Lys‐regulating skeletal muscle development. 1000 healthy, weights averaging 938.6 ± 6.54 g weaned rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (five replicates in each group and 40 rabbits in each replicate). These groups consisted of the normal protein group (NP group, consuming a diet containing 16.27% protein), the low protein group (LP group, 14.15%–14.19% protein) and the LP group with an addition of 0.15%, 0.3% or 0.45% Lys. The trial included 7 d of pre‐feeding and 28 d of exposure to the treatment. Compared with NP diet and LP diet, LP+0.3% Lys group improved growth performance (p < 0.05), full‐bore weight and half‐bore weight of rabbits (p < 0.05). The LP+0.3% Lys group also resulted in a decrease in the excretion of faecal nitrogen and urinary nitrogen (FN; UN; p < 0.05), and an increase in nitrogen utilisation rate (NUR; p < 0.05). LP diet increased the mRNA expression of MSTN and WWP1, and decreased the mRNA expression of IGF1 (p < 0.05). LP diet decreased the protein expression of P‐P70S6K1, P‐4EBP1 and P‐S6 (p < 0.05). LP+0.3% Lys group attenuated the effects of LP diet on the expression of MSTN, WWP1, IGF1, P‐P70S6K1, P‐4EBP1 and P‐S6 (p < 0.05). LP+0.3% Lys group resulted in an increase in mRNA expression of MyoD and protein expression of P‐mTOR relative to the NP and LP groups (p < 0.05). In summary, the addition of Lys to a LP diet provides a theoretical basis for the popularisation and application of Lys in rabbit production.
De‐ideologization, liberation psychology, and the place of contradiction
Authors: Malherbe Nick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn following Marxist and psychoanalytic theory, we can understand ideologies as social processes that obscure the contradictions (i.e., how an object is not at one with itself) inherent to individual subjectivity and social structures. Despite claiming to be non‐ideological, mainstream psychology has, throughout its history, served the ideological interests of elite classes (e.g., by pathologizing political resistance). Working within the liberation psychology paradigm, I attempt in this article to elaborate on the notion of de‐ideologization (i.e., the politically committed retrieval of people's experiences beyond the ideological reference points of elite classes) through a consideration of contradiction. To do this, I explore how de‐ideologization can connect with contradiction through processes of re‐symbolization, solidarity‐making, and mobilizing progressive ideologies. Considered together, these three processes allow us to use contradiction to understand interlocking currents of oppression, divergent visions of emancipation, the development of insurgent subjectivities, and the building of an intersectional socialist politics. In conclusion, I consider some of the directions that theoretical and praxis‐oriented work on de‐ideologization may take, as well as some paths it may wish to avoid.
Orofacial functions and oral health: An analysis on children aged 5–8 years old
Authors: Ozturk Seyma , Ozsin Ozler Cansu , Serel Arslan Selen , Demir Numan , Olmez Merih Seval , Uzamis Tekcicek Meryem 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the orofacial function performance and oral health status of healthy children as well as their potential correlations. In this descriptive study, the oral functions of four hundred systemically healthy children who applied for the pediatric dentistry clinic were evaluated. Three scales, namely Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS), Pediatric version of the Eating Assessment Tool (PEDI‐EAT‐10), and Nordic Orofacial Test Screening (NOT‐S) protocol, are used to collect the data. These children's carious lesions were evaluated by using the decayed, missing, filled tooth/surface (DMFT/S, dmft/s) indices, the International Caries Detection and the Assessment‐II System (ICDAS‐II). In total, 400 (6.5 years [78.02 months]) children were participated in the study. Their KCPS scores indicate that 58.0% of the children were at level 0 and 35.8% were at level 1. The results of the KCPS levels and the DMFT, dmft, DT, dt, MT, mt (as =0 and ≥1) were found to be statistically significant; p = .044, p = .009, p = .008, p = .000, p = .032, and p = .003, respectively. The total PEDI‐EAT‐10 score of 13.4% of the children was found to be 3 or higher, suggesting that they experience a problem in swallowing. According to the NOT‐S, the most affected domains were “habits” (51.0%), “facial expression” (49.3%), and “chewing and swallowing” (45.3%). Among healthy children without a defined problem in swallowing and orofacial functions, the oral health status may affect orofacial functions. Decayed (particularly, extensive caries existence) or missing tooth may have critical importance for adequate chewing in children. Especially in the presence of so many decayed or missing teeth, evaluating the orofacial functions through different scales may considerably contribute to early diagnosis of functional problems.
Diversity and interactions of the epiphyte community associated with ant‐gardens are not influenced by elevational and environmental gradients
Authors: Morales‐Linares Jonas , Flores‐Palacios Alejandro , Corona‐López Angélica María , Toledo‐Hernández Víctor Hugo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuestionThe distribution and interactions of terrestrial biodiversity are influenced by environmental gradients. In general, tropical species present a hump‐shaped altitudinal species richness pattern related to gradients of temperature and precipitation. However, the effects of the elevational and environmental gradients on the co‐occurrence of species that form specialized mutualisms in the lowland tropical forest canopy and the relative importance of these species in interaction networks are unknown. We studied ant‐gardens, which are constituted by vascular epiphytes that inhabit ant nests exclusively. Our main question was: do the vegetation type, elevation, temperature, and precipitation alter the diversity and interactions of the associated species in ant‐gardens?LocationSoutheastern Mexico.MethodsWe recorded epiphytes and ants associated with ant‐gardens in 21 sites in southeastern Mexico (elevational range of 23–643 m a.s.l.), which is located on the northern limit of the distribution of Neotropical ant‐gardens. We tested whether the vegetation type and gradients of elevation, temperature and precipitation influence the diversity (richness and composition) and interactions (centrality, i.e., relative importance of each species in epiphyte–epiphyte interaction networks) of the ant‐gardens.ResultsWe found a total of 126 ant‐gardens formed by 15 epiphyte species and two ant species. Seven epiphytes and only one ant (Azteca gnava) are specialists of ant‐gardens (true ant‐garden epiphyte and ant species respectively). Neither vegetation type nor elevational and environmental gradients influenced the richness, composition and centrality of the epiphytes, although some species only occurred in sites with greater precipitation. The true ant‐garden epiphytes were more central than the non‐true ant‐garden epiphytes, with the orchid Epidendrum flexuosum being the most frequent and central epiphytic species in Mexican ant‐gardens.ConclusionsUnlike guilds of epiphytes and ants considered individually, the ant‐gardens represent a mutualism that maintains their patterns of diversity and interspecific interactions along gradients of elevation, temperature and precipitation.
Population dynamics of caribou shaped by glacial cycles before the last glacial maximum
Authors: Taylor Rebecca S. , Manseau Micheline , Klütsch Cornelya F. C. , Polfus Jean L. , Steedman Audrey , Hervieux Dave , Kelly Allicia , Larter Nicholas C. , Gamberg Mary , Schwantje Helen , Wilson Paul J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPleistocene glacial cycles influenced the diversification of high‐latitude wildlife species through recurrent periods of range contraction, isolation, divergence, and expansion from refugia and subsequent admixture of refugial populations. We investigate population size changes and the introgressive history of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in western Canada using 33 whole genome sequences coupled with larger‐scale mitochondrial data. We found that a major population expansion of caribou occurred starting around 110,000 years ago (kya), the start of the last glacial period. Additionally, we found effective population sizes of some caribou reaching ~700,000 to 1,000,000 individuals, one of the highest recorded historical effective population sizes for any mammal species thus far. Mitochondrial analyses dated introgression events prior to the LGM dating to 20–30 kya and even more ancient at 60 kya, coinciding with colder periods with extensive ice coverage, further demonstrating the importance of glacial cycles and events prior to the LGM in shaping demographic history. Reconstructing the origins and differential introgressive history has implications for predictions on species responses under climate change. Our results have implications for other whole genome analyses using pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) analyses, as well as highlighting the need to investigate pre‐LGM demographic patterns to fully reconstruct the origin of species diversity, especially for high‐latitude species.