bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear of Death and Examination Performance in a Medical Gross Anatomy Course with Cadaveric Dissection
Authors: Allison Sara , Notebaert Andrew , Perkins Eddie , Conway Marianne , Dehon Erin 
Published: April 2021

Cadaveric dissection offers an important opportunity for students to develop their ideas about death and dying. However, it remains largely unknown how this experience impacts medical students' fear of death. The current study aimed to address this gap by describing how fear of death changed during a medical gross anatomy dissection course and how fear of death was associated with examination performance. Fear of death was surveyed at the beginning of the course and at each of the four block examinations using three of the eight subscales from the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale: Fear of the Dead, Fear of Being Destroyed, and Fear for the Body After Death. One hundred forty‐three of 165 medical students (86.7%) completed the initial survey. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant changes in Fear of the Dead (F (4, 108) = 1.45, P = 0.222) or Fear for the Body After Death (F (4, 108) = 1.83, P = 0.129). There was a significant increase in students' Fear of Being Destroyed (F (4, 108) = 6.86, P < 0.0005) after beginning dissection. This increase was primarily related to students' decreased willingness to donate their body. Concerning performance, there was one significant correlation between Fear for the Body After Death and the laboratory examination score at examination 1. Students with higher fears may be able to structure their experience in a way that does not negatively impact their performance, but educators should still seek ways to support these students and encourage body donation.
Rechargeable Thin‐Film Lithium Microbattery Using a Quasi‐Solid‐State Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Chaudoy Victor , Pierre Fabien , Ghosh Arunabh , Deschamps Michael , Tran Van Francois , Ghamouss Fouad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA thin‐film microbattery was designed after synthesizing a unique gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), using polyvinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene (PVdF‐HFP) and cross‐linked poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), with an ionic liquid and salt (LiTFSI) mixture. The polymers resulted in a semi‐interpenetrated polymer network (semi‐IPN), hosting an ionic liquid (IL)/salt mixture, and thus exhibited high ionic conductivity and excellent mechanical properties. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion measurements and relaxation rates analysis highlighted the existence of interactions between Li+ ions and oxygen within the polymers, preventing electrolyte leakage and ensuring excellent mechanical strength which enabled a unique quasi‐solid electrolyte. Such mechanical strength and chemical stability made this electrolyte to be first ever reported GPE to withstand thermal evaporation deposition and hence direct deposition of lithium metal. The electrolyte could be shaped as self‐standing thin films, and thus worked as both separator and electrolyte in a thin‐film lithium microbattery. The thin‐film microbattery exhibited excellent performances showing no short‐circuit current, an open circuit voltage of ∼3.0 V, higher nominal voltage plateau, lower equivalent series resistance by comparison to a thin‐film microbattery designed in conventional way with a popular ceramic electrolyte LiPON.
Sensitive screening of synthetic cannabinoids using liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction
Authors: Kleis Jan‐Niklas , Hess Cornelius , Germerott Tanja , Roehrich Jörg 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnalysis of synthetic cannabinoids still poses a challenge for many institutions due to the number of available substances and the constantly changing drug market. Both new and well‐known substances keep appearing and disappearing on the market, making it hard to adapt analytical methods in a timely manner.In this study, we developed a qualitative screening approach for synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites by means of liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF‐MS). Samples were measured in data‐dependent auto‐MS/MS mode and identified by fragment spectra, retention time and accurate mass.Two established solid phase extractions were compared using fortified serum and urine samples. Mixes of 199 synthetic cannabinoids and 110 metabolites were used in 1‐ and 10‐ng/ml concentrations. Up to 93% of synthetic cannabinoids and 74% of metabolites were detected in fortified 1‐ng/ml samples.From February 2018 to October 2020, we analyzed 1492 cases, of which 73 cases were positive for synthetic cannabinoids or metabolites. 5F‐MDMB‐PICA, 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA, MDMB‐4en‐PINACA, and 4F‐MDMB‐BICA were most frequently detected. Hydrolysis metabolites were detected in many blood samples, providing a longer detection window. Quantification was conducted via liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry after liquid–liquid extraction. Concentrations were mostly close to 1 ng/ml in blood samples. LC‐QTOF‐MS was able to detect substances above trace quantities (< 0.1 ng/ml) in most cases, therefore fulfilling its purpose as a sensitive general screening approach. Expansion of the screening library was uncomplicated and enables future additions for up to thousands of targets.
Methane emissions and energy generation potential from a municipal solid waste landfill based on inventory models: A case study
Authors: Bian Rongxing , Chen Jihong , Li Weihua , Shi Wei , Lin Yifan , Chai Xiaoli , Sun Yingjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMunicipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are the third largest source of anthropogenic methane (CH4) emission. Evaluating the CH4 emission and energy generation potential of MSW landfills facilitates the development of appropriate measures for mitigation and recovery of CH4. This study evaluated the CH4 generation, CH4 emissions and potential energy generation capacity of Jiangcungou MSW landfill, Xi'an, China, during its operation and closure period using three inventory models, including the IPCC default method (DM), IPCC first‐order decay (FOD), and US EPA Landfill Gas Emissions Mode (LandGEM). Based on the DM, FOD and LandGEM models, the total estimated CH4 emissions in 1994–2060 were 755.0, 348.9, and 344.9 Gg, respectively. There is a huge potential for electricity generation after the closure of the landfill, and the potential energy generation for 2020 was 688.3 MkW h and 599.7 MkW h. However, the actual electricity generation ranged from 12.4% to 74.1% and 14.2% to 61.8% of the potential electricity generation during the operation period (2004–2017) for the FOD and LandGEM methods, respectively. Improving the efficiency associated with LFG collection and gas engine from the landfill after closure can be an effective measure to mitigate greenhouse effects and increase investment payments.
High‐resolution ultrasound of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve: Normal appearance and pathological findings in a postsurgical case series
Authors: Picasso Riccardo , Zaottini Federico , Pistoia Federico , Carobbio Andrea , Ascoli Alessandro , Barabino Emanuele , Perez Maribel Miguel , Parrinello Giampiero , Peretti Giorgio , Martinoli Carlo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to validate high‐resolution ultrasound (US) as an imaging modality able to map the normal marginal mandibular nerve (MMN) and recognize its abnormalities in the postoperative setting.MethodsThe ability of US to recognize the MMN was first tested by injecting latex under US guidance on three fresh frozen cadavers. Then, a standardized scanning protocol was established on 20 healthy volunteers based on appropriate landmarks. Finally, a postsurgical series of three patients with MMN abnormalities were examined with US.ResultsIn the cadaveric study, US‐guided latex injection provided identification of the MMN. In healthy volunteers, US was able to recognize the MMN for a segment of 3.4 ± 1.2 cm in length. Pathologic abnormalities of the MMN were detected and characterized in three patients.ConclusionsHigh‐resolution US is a valuable diagnostic tool to identify the MMN and might have potential for detecting its pathologic changes.
An illustration‐based developmental motor screening questionnaire for young children: Development and a Rasch analysis
Authors: Chen Chia‐Ling , Chen Po‐Hsi , Chang Chien‐Ju , Wang Chia‐Chi , Hsieh Yu‐Wei , Huang Hsiang‐Han , Hong Wei‐Hsien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to develop an illustration‐based developmental motor screening questionnaire (DMSQi) for young children and examined its psychometric properties. 463 young children and their caregivers were collected and received the DMSQi assessment. DMSQi is made up of two domains. The gross motor (GM) domain includes body coordination and stability/mobility subdomains. The fine motor (FM) domain includes visual motor integration and hand grasp/manipulation subdomains. The internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and test–retest reliabilities (ICCs) of DMSQi were 0.88–0.98 and 0.85–0.95, respectively. For concurrent validity, the GM and FM domains of DMSQi were highly correlated with the corresponding domains of Peabody Developmental Motor Scale, second edition (r = 0.85–0.95). DMSQi had good discriminant validity for age (p < .001). Most items (96%) were fitted and the item difficulty was from −7 to 5 scaled by Rasch analysis. DMSQi is easy, quick, and culture‐specific. It has good reliability, validity, and item fit for assessing the motor development of young children.
Three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging: An effective method to detect the effect of moderate intensity statin treatment in slowing carotid plaque progression
Authors: Chen Yuhui , Xing Haiying , Wen Jiexi , Peng Qing , Liu Ran , Sun Wei , Jin Haiqiang , Xu Ke , Huang Yining 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to evaluate the feasibility of three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging (3DUS) in assessing the therapeutic effect of moderate‐intensity statin therapy on carotid atherosclerotic plaques.MethodsPatients with carotid plaques were recruited to the study from January 2016 to September 2018, and were divided into two groups based on whether or not they were taking statins. All participants underwent 3DUS of their carotid plaques at baseline, then 3 months and 2 years after initial examination. The changes of the carotid plaques were compared between the two groups.ResultsWere included 97 patients (57 males and 40 females), 65.26 ± 9.53 year‐old with 67 into the statin group and 30 in the control group. The baseline levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) were lower in the statin group than in the control group (3.79 ± 0.78 mmol/L vs 4.50 ± 1.12 mmol/L; 2.01 ± 0.62 mmol/L vs 2.58 ± 0.91 mmol/L, P < .05). There was no significant difference in the change of total plaque volume (TPV) detected by 3D‐US between the statin (median [interquartile range]: 0 [−30‐20] mm3) and the control group (0 [−22.5‐25] mm3) at 3 months. Over 2 years, the TPV increased faster in the control group (+70 [25‐150] mm3), than in the statin group (15 [−57.5‐90) mm3, P < .05).Conclusions3DUS can be an effective tool to observe the development of carotid plaques and the effect of statin treatment.
Genetic counselors, patients', and carers’ views on an Australian clinical genetics service information system
Authors: Speechly Catherine , Stenhouse Rachael , Berman Yemima , Barlow‐Stewart Kristine , Fleming Jane , Petrie Dianne , Culling Bronwyn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Genetic Information System (GIS) is an Australian database of family genetic information. This health information technology system has been used by all 31 publicly operated clinical genetics services across New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) for over a decade. As these services are separated geographically, the linkage engendered by the GIS facilitates the services to operate as a virtual state‐wide service. This study aimed to explore the views of genetic counselors, patients, and carers on the use and storage of family genetic information in the GIS. Data were collected using audio‐recorded semi‐structured telephone interviews with genetic counselors experienced with using the GIS and focus groups with past patients/carers of the services. Using thematic analysis, four themes were identified from genetic counselor participant interviews (n = 12): (a) Shared information is valuable; (b) inconsistent data entry provides a challenge; (c) perceived need for the GIS to be current and integrated with other health systems; and (d) future challenges and strategies for the GIS. Three themes were identified following three focus groups with consumer participants (n = 14): (a) access to family genetic information provides a ‘clearer picture’; (b) support, but caution, concerning use of information for relatives’ health care; and (c) stewardship of family information. Genetic counselors and consumers identified similar advantages and privacy concerns regarding the sharing of family genetic information and all participants wanted patients/carers to be better informed about the GIS early in the genetic counseling process. Consumers were reassured by genetics health professionals’ stewardship of their information, but surprised the GIS was not available nationally or for private geneticists or certain non‐genetic specialists. These findings may inform further development of the GIS and other clinical genetic databases and lead to increased patient/carer knowledge through education and resource development.
Value of a genetics clinic evaluation in identifying women at risk for hereditary breast‐ovarian cancer syndrome
Authors: Hinshaw Jesse C. , Zhao Lue‐Ping , Brimm John E. , Payne Thomas H. , Hisama Fuki M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur work evaluates the contributions of a genetics clinic visit in assessing patients’ risk of hereditary cancers and in meeting National Cancer Comprehensive Network (NCCN) criteria for genetic testing. We reviewed the electronic health records (EHR) of 56 women seen for medical care in our healthcare system who were subsequently seen in the Adult Genetics Clinic. We searched for all personal or family cancer history available in either free‐text or structured form within the EHR prior to the genetics visit. For each patient, we then compared the aggregate data with the pedigree information obtained at the Genetics Clinic visit for first‐, second‐, and third‐degree relatives. During the genetics clinic visit, the number of relatives with cancer diagnoses doubled from 121 to 235, and for 17 of 56 (30%) of patients, family histories changed one or more NCCN criteria. For 39/56 (70%) of patients, the family history in the EHR was not changed during the genetics clinic visit. Of 56 women referred to the genetics clinic, 45 (80%) met NCCN guidelines for testing, 40 women underwent genetic testing, and 9 of 40 (23%) tested were positive for a Likely Pathogenic or Pathogenic (LP/P) variant. This study of 56 women quantitatively demonstrates the value of a genetics clinic visit by improved identification of key family history components.
The structure of graphs with no K3,3 immersion
Authors: DeVos Matt , Malekian Mahdieh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Kuratowski–Wagner Theorem asserts that a graph is planar if and only if it does not have either or as a minor. Using this, Wagner obtained a precise description of all graphs with no ‐minor and all graphs with no ‐minor. Similar results have been achieved for the class of graphs with no ‐minor for a number of small graphs . In this paper we give a precise structure theorem for graphs which do not contain as an immersion. This strengthens an earlier theorem of Giannopoulou, Kamiński, and Thilikos that gives a rough description of the class of graphs with no or immersion.
In neonatal‐onset surgical short bowel syndrome survival is high, and enteral autonomy is related to residual bowel length
Authors: Fatemizadeh Roxana , Gollins Laura , Hagan Joseph , Debuyserie Anne , King Kristi , Vogel Adam M. , Van Buren Kristin L. , Hair Amy B. , Premkumar Muralidhar H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn an era of improved management and treatment options, this study aims to describe the long‐term outcomes and factors predictive of outcomes of neonatal‐onset intestinal failure (IF) due to surgical short bowel syndrome (SBS).MethodsRetrospective, single‐center cohort study of infants born between January 2011 and December 2018 with inclusion criteria: <44 weeks postmenstrual age at SBS diagnosis, <28 days on admission, parenteral nutrition dependence >60 days, and documented intestinal resection. Primary outcomes included survival and achievement of enteral autonomy (EA). Data analysis utilized Fisher.s exact test, Kruskal‐Wallis test, survival analysis methods, Cox proportional hazards regression, linear regression and logistic regression.ResultsNinety‐five patients (males 56%) were studied with median follow‐up of 38 months (IQR 19, 59). Survival at last follow‐up was 96%, and EA was achieved in 85%. Forty‐eight patients had documented residual bowel length (RBL) with median length of 49 cm (IQR 36, 80). Survival in patients with RBL of <30cm (n = 8), 30‐59cm (n = 19), and >60cm (n = 21) was 100%, 95%, and 95% respectively. Shorter RBL was associated with longer time to achieve EA (p = 0.007), but not with survival (p = 0.81). Delay in achieving EA was associated with absence of ileocecal valve (p = 0.002) and bloodstream infections (p < 0.001). Peak conjugated bilirubin correlated with increased mortality (p = 0.002).ConclusionOverall high rate of survival and achievement of EA was found in neonatal onset IF due to SBS. EA but not survival was correlated with RBL. Ileocecal valve, bloodstream infections, and conjugated bilirubin levels were the other predictive factors of outcomes.
The Prevalence of Microembolic Signals in Transcranial Doppler Sonography With Bubble Test in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Cho Hyunji , Kim Taewon , Song In‐Uk , Chung Sung‐Woo 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTranscranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is noninvasive and highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of patent foramen ovale (PFO). We evaluated the diagnostic implications of the TCD with a saline agitation test as a routine work‐up for ischemic stroke patients.MethodsA TCD bubble study was performed in all consecutive ischemic stroke patients as a routine work‐up. We evaluated the prevalence of microembolic signals (MES) for each stroke etiology and the optimal number of MES for predicting the PFO‐attributable stroke.ResultsSubjects (N = 499) with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled. A significant fraction of patients had MES during both normal respiration (5.7–44.4%) and the Valsalva maneuver (19.5–55.6%) across all stroke etiology categories. The optimal MES threshold for the diagnosis of PFO‐attributable stroke confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography was 46 MES during the Valsalva maneuver (96% sensitivity and 95% specificity). Applying ≥46 MES during the Valsalva maneuver as a threshold effectively increased the ability to differentially diagnose PFO‐attributable stroke from other etiologies. The number of MES during the Valsalva maneuver was negatively correlated with increasing age (r = −.108; P = .016).ConclusionsA significant fraction of patients had right to left shunt across all Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment etiologies. A threshold number of MES facilitated the differential diagnosis of PFO‐attributable stroke from other etiologies, and the optimal threshold was 46 MES during the Valsalva maneuver.
Restricting depletion of soil organic carbon by amending nutrient‐N input to soils
Authors: Sharma Anil , Kumar Sarvendra , Iqbal Mir Javid , Kumar Ramesh , Chand Sharma Om , Lal Shiv , Lal Kumawat Kishan , Ahmed Nazeer , Beer Singh Desh , Ahmad Ganie Mumtaj , Razvi Sajad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor reducing soil carbon (C) depletion and increasing its stocks in soil through sequestration, it is necessary to develop identification, standardization, and adoption of some effective nutrient management practices, especially related to nitrogen management. In this study, various modes of N input were tried and the best mode (MRPU‐2S, i.e., mid‐rib placement upper to corms in two splits) that restricted SOC depletion and kept SOC above a threshold level of 1%, was suggested as suitable for saffron (Crocus sativus) cultivation in temperate soils. Under this treatment a significantly higher yield (1.92 kg ha−1) as well as more apocarotenoids (crocin and safranal) content, was noticed. Threshold values of surface SOC stock (26.64 Mg ha−1) above which C sequestration values moved to a positive coordinate plane were noted. Through this investigation, we identified a great C sequestration potential for MRPU‐2S treatment for improving declining SOC stocks in saffron growing soils of temperate regions. Although the our study has been carried out in saffron growing soils of a temperate region the outcomes and recommendations generated are probably applicable for other crops, soils and climates too.
Morphological evolution of self‐assembled PS‐g‐PA6 graft copolymer via in situ polymerization
Authors: Liu Yan , Sun Qiquan , Su Yinhe , Zhang Xin , Chen Fei , Zhang Zhifei , Yang Guisheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe self‐assembly behaviors of polystyrene graft polyamide‐6 (PS‐g‐PA6) copolymer obtained through incorporation of PA6 and PS segments with exact lengths via in situ polymerization were studied in this work. Copolymers were obtained via the bulk polymerization induced self‐assembly process without any external template or stabilizer. The morphological characteristics of PS‐g‐PA6 copolymer were probed using SEM and TEM techniques. Particular attention was paid to changing the PS‐g‐PA6 morphology from a simple nanospherical to the combined nano/microspherical phase structure by varying the [PA6]/[PS] mass ratio. At a [PA6]/[PS] mass ratio of 80:20, PS‐g‐PA6 copolymer revealed a specific phase structure, where the PS backbones formed a continuous phase and the PA6 side chains ensured the microspheres with dispersed nano‐scale inclusions. The grain diameter of a dispersed PA6 sphere phase was found to be about 75 nm. When the PS backbone mass ratio decreased to 10 wt%, the copolymer structure was self‐assembled into the 1–3 μm large microspheres with uniformly distributed nanospherical particles. A further decrease in the PS backbone content to 5 wt% led to the failure of phase inversion in the copolymers. The main feature of this project is that the structure of the main chain and branch chain of PS‐g‐PA6 copolymer can be reversed. The branched chain forms spherical phase and the main chain forms continuous phase structure. The strategy was proved to be effective to obtain the novel structure of graft copolymer.
High‐thermal‐conduction and low‐cost composite originated from the tight packing structure of boron nitride sheets and binary alumina balls
Authors: Su Fan , Zhang Ling , Li Chunzhong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, a novel low‐cost and thermal conductive composite consisting of boron nitride (BN)/aluminum oxide (Al2O3) heat transfer network was constructed by the high packing volume fraction of two sizes Al2O3 spheres at the optimal weight ratio. The dense packing of 5 μm Al2O3 and 20 μm Al2O3 supports the BN sheets scattering around Al2O3 to interconnect into main three‐dimensional BN network, and acts as thermal conductive bridges forming secondary BN‐Al2O3 heat transfer networks. The maximum thermal conductivity of the composite reached 3.61 Wm−1 K−1, which was 20.1 times more than that of pure epoxy resin. Moreover, the excellent capacity of heat dissipation and the dielectric properties denoted that the composite can be used commendably in electronic components. This article is expected to provide a novel idea for the preparation of economical and high‐performance thermal conductive composites applied in new generation of microelectronic devices.