bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is the Doppler Profile of the Ophthalmic and the Middle Cerebral Arteries in Male and Female Smokers? A Sex-specific Approach
Authors: Paes Maria Marta Bini Martins , Diniz Angélica Lemos Debs , Martins Luísa Macedo Mendes 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vascular dysfunctions can progress and lead to stroke and cardiovascular disease, especially in smokers. The presence of particular vascular changes according to sex has been described and they can be identified by the Doppler method. This study evaluated Doppler velocimetry parameters of the ophthalmic artery (OA) and the middle cerebral artery (MCA) according to sex in smokers regarding a non-smoker group. This cross-sectional observational study included 178 subjects: 93 women and 85 men. Doppler parameters were assessed in OA and MCA. Student’s t-test was used, with p < 0.05. There were no significant differences in OA and MCA Doppler velocimetry data between male non-smokers and smokers. However, female smokers presented several differences compared with non-smokers: lower pulsatility index (PI) and higher peak ratio and second peak of systolic velocity in OA, and higher PI and resistance index and lower end diastolic velocity in MCA. There were different brain vascular waveforms in the group of female smokers compared with non-smokers. Cigarette smoking also led to opposite arterial patterns in OA and MCA in the female group, with signs of falling impedance in OA and increased impedance in MCA. An individualised approach regarding arterial changes according to sex is desirable.
Lipid Droplets Degradation by Autophagy Connects Mitochondria Metabolism to PROX1-driven Expression of Lymphatic Genes and Lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Mece Odeta , Houbaert Diede , Durré Tania , Maes Hannelore , Schaaf Marco , More Sanket , Ganne Maarten , García-Caballero Melissa , Borri Mila , Verhoeven Jelle , Blacher Silvia , Ghesquière Bart , Dewerchin Mieke , Swinnen Johannes , Vinckier Stefan , Soengas Maria , Carmeliet Peter , Noel Agnès , Agostinis Patrizia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Autophagy has an emerging vasculoprotective role but whether and how it regulates lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and lymphangiogenesis is unknown. Here, we show that genetic deficiency of autophagy in LEC impairs the responses to VEGF-C and injury-driven corneal lymphangiogenesis. Loss of autophagy compromises expression of lymphatic markers, affects mitochondrial dynamics and causes an accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in LEC and lymphatic vessels in vivo. When LDs accumulate because lipophagy is impaired, mitochondrial ATP production, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio and expression of lymphangiogenic PROX1 target genes are dwindled. Enforcing mitochondria fusion by silencing dynamin-related-protein 1 (DRP1) in autophagy-deficient LEC fails to affect LDs turnover and lymphatic gene expression, whereas supplementing the acetyl-CoA precursor acetate rescues LEC identity and lymphangiogenesis in LEC-Atg5-/- mice. Our findings reveal that lipophagy in LEC by supporting FAO, preserves a mitochondrial-PROX1 gene expression circuit that ensures LEC identity, responsiveness to lymphangiogenic mediators and lymphangiogenesis.
Clinical Value of CTR, CEA, Histological Type, Ki-67 and EGFR in Predicting pN in Clinical Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma and Nomogram Construction
Authors: Yi tengfei , Li Shuo , Qin Kun , Song Guisong , Shao Shengteng , Dai Dongdong , Liu Yuhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To investigate the clinical value of CTR, CEA, histological type, Ki-67 and EGFR in detecting pathological lymph node metastasis (pN) in clinical stage IA (cIA) lung adenocarcinoma and to construct a pN Nomogram model. A total of 374 cIA lung adenocarcinoma patients who had undergone thoracoscopic radical resection with Systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection (SMLD) in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into pN(+) and pN(-) groups. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the independent risk factors of pN in lung cancer patients. The ROC curve was used to compare the accuracy of CTR, CEA and Ki-67 in predicting pN. R software was used to construct a Nomogram prediction model based on multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the pN risk. The C-index was calculated, and a calibration curve was drawn to judge the calibration degree of the model. The preoperative and intraoperative examinations showed that CTR (OR 570.406, P＜0.001), CEA (OR 1.239, P＜0.001) and micropapillary adenocarcinoma (OR 86.712, P＜0.001) were independent risk factors of pN. Immunohistochemical analysis and gene detection showed that Ki-67 index (OR 4.832, P＜0.001) and EGFR mutations, such as exon 19 (OR 10.319, P＜0.001), exon 21 (OR 7.163, P＜0.001) and exon 19+20 mutations (OR 570.406, P＜0.001), were significant factors in predicting pN. CTR, CEA, histological type, Ki-67 index, and EGFR mutations are the predictive factors of pN in cT1a-3aN0M0 lung adenocarcinoma patients. SMLD is recommended to improve patients’ postoperative survival rate when preoperative CTR≥0.775, CEA＞2.52μg/L or intraoperative rapid freezing pathology shows micropapillary components.
Potential Military Cotton Textiles by Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Emam Hossam E. , El-Shahat Mahmoud , Hasanin Mohamed S. , Ahmed Hanan B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Owing to the sensitivity for color vicissitude by exposing to UV irradiation, manufacturing of fluorescent fabrics is widely demanded to be exploited in camping, sensing and military purposes. Pyrimidine based heterocycles were investigated with excellent pharmacological activity, however, their photoluminescence activity was never been investigated till now. The presented approach demonstrate a quite novel route for manufacturing of potential military textiles (fluorescent/UV-protective cotton fabrics with micobicide activity) via exploitation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) nucleated from pyrimidine based heterocycle (4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-oxo-2-thioxohexahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, Target Molecule, TM). The synthesized TM & CQDs were separately immobilized within both of native and cationized cotton fabrics to obtain TM@cotton, CQDs@cotton, TM@Q-cotton and CQDs@Q-cotton fabrics. The estimated yellowness index, intensity of the fluorescence peak, UV-blocking activity and microbicide action, were all followed the order of CQDs@Q-cotton > TM@Q-cotton > CQDs@cotton > TM @cotton. CQDs@Q-cotton showed quite good durability, as after 5 washings, yellowness index was diminished from 26.5 to only 20.3, florescence intensity for CQDs@Q-cotton was decreased from 540 nm to 340 nm and transmission percent was increased from 7 % to 10 %. Moreover, even after 10 washings, microbial inhibition (as a percent) against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans was estimated to 63 %, 68 % and 67 %, respectively, while, UV protection factor (UPF) was diminished from 38.2 (very good) to 21.5 (good). The presented unique route was succeeded for manufacturing of durable fluorescent textiles that could be superiorly applied as potential military textiles.
Kinetic Modeling of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Material
Authors: Shokrkar Hanieh , Ebrahimi Sirous 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Development of a kinetic model for analysis of processes for fermentable sugars production is a significant challenging issue due to the complexity of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. This paper presents a useful mathematical model for simulation and evaluation of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic material. The simulation results were compared with a set of experimental results reported in the literature, in order to validate the proposed model. A comparison was also made between the proposed model and another model previously described in the literature Numerical results indicate that the proposed model gives a more accurate prediction of time course production of glucose, cellobiose, and cellulose during enzymatic hydrolysis cellulosic materials.
An isolation system to collect high quality and purify extracellular vesicles from serum
Authors: Yang Jian , Liao Li , Gao Xin , Xing Xiaotao , Huang Haisen , Tang Qi , Ma Shixing , Xu Xun , Liang Cheng , Li Maojiao , Tian Weidong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane encapsulated nanoparticles that function as carriers and play a role in intercellular communication. There are a large number of EVs in the blood and serve as an indicator of pathophysiological conditions. Studies on the basics and application of EVs are hampered by the limitations of current protocols to isolate EVs from blood. However, current isolation methods are difficult to achieve a balance between yield and purity.Results: Firstly, we use Sepharose-4B to build a self-made size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column and perform separation and identification. Then we use the SEC column to systematically compare the efficiency with the most common EV isolation methods: ultracentrifugation (UC) and total exosomes isolation commercial kit (TEI). The EVs isolated through different methods were characterized the yield and size of EVs, analyzed their protein profiles, the morphology and purity were observed under the transmission electron microscope. To further improve the quality and purity, we combined SEC and UC methods and established a two-steps method to isolated EVs from serum.Conclusion: Our study presents the combination of size-exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation as a feasible and time-saving method to isolate high quality and purity extracellular vesicles from serum.
Analgesic effect of lidocaine in paracervical block in women undergoing colposcopy and cervical biopsy: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Nokhostin Fahimeh , Behdad Shekoufeh , Mousavi-Roknabadi Reyhaneh Sadat , Mousavi-Roknabadi Razieh Sadat 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of lidocaine in paracervical block in women undergoing colposcopy and cervical biopsy.Methods: This a triple-blind randomized controlled trial (July-September 2020) was conducted on women who were candidate for the colposcopy and cervical biopsy with American Society of Anesthesiologists classification Class I or II. They were randomly allocated to receive a single dose of lidocaine hydrochloride 2% or injectable sodium chloride 0.9% paracervical block, and then, cervical biopsy was done. The pain score was asked and intra-procedural and 5-minutes post-procedural in both groups, using the VAS tool. Also, patients' satisfaction after the procedure and complications were recorded.Results: Totally, 74 patients (37 in each groups) were enrolled, with the mean±SD age of 35.91±8.10 years. The mean±SD of pain score intra-procedural was statistically higher in patients in the treatment group (0.92±1.53 vs. 2.73±2.34, P<0.001), as well the pain score 5-minutes post-procedural (0.27±0.65 vs. 0.95±1.15, P=0.003). Also, the mean±SD of patients' satisfaction score was higher in the treatment group (4.65±0.82 vs. 4.05±1.41, P=0.03). Dizziness were observed only in the treatment group, statistically (P<0.001).Conclusion: Paracervical block using lidocaine could reduce the intra-procedural and 5-minutes post-procedural pain. Also, it can increase the patients' satisfaction with the procedure.
Heat-induced magnetic transition accelerates redox couple mediated electrocatalytic water oxidation in alkaline media
Authors: Liu Duanduan , Lu Mengfei , Liu Depei , Yan Shicheng , Zhou Wei , Zhang Lunyong , Zou Zhigang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The redox couple oxidation as an initial step for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) may be key for high electricity consumption in electrochemical redox couple mediated water splitting. Here, we report a heat-induced magnetic transition strategy to speed up the oxidation kinetics of redox couples. The activation energy of Ni2+/Ni3+ redox couple oxidation was significantly decreased by heating the Ni0.5Fe0.5OxHy OER catalyst above Néel temperature (TN) of 70oC. In such a strategy, the heat in stead of electricity to overcome the spin flipping of Ni2+/Ni3+ oxidation through the heat-sensitive ferrimagnetic-to-paramagnetic spin state changes. The efficient heat-electricity coupling enables Ni0.5Fe0.5OxHy to produce the lowest OER overpotential of 170 mV at 100 mA cm-2 at 90 oC in alkaline electrolyte, outperforming the benchmark IrO2 catalyst. Our findings demonstrate the application potential of heat-sensitive magnetic materials in the field of electrocatalysis, which may inspire insights into designing of multi-energy complementary OER devices.
Dynamic Analysis of Ocular Fundus Changes after Different Doses of Bevacizumab in the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Threshold Period
Authors: Chen Feng , Yu Ying , Wang Jianxun , Liu Tian , Xiang Daoman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the efficacy of three different doses of bevacizumab treatment on Threshold retinopathy of prematurity during different periods . Methods: 36 cases (72 eyes) of infants with threshold ROP were analyzed, whom were treated with intravitreal injection of 1.25mg, 0.75mg or 0.5mg bevacizumab respectively from October 1st, 2016 to September 30th, 2017. After treatment, fundus examination results during five time points were recorded and classified into four grades according to the efficacy. Results: There were significant differences in the changes of fundus among the 3 groups on the 4th day and the 2nd week after treatment （P<0.001）. In the 1.25mg group, there was a significant difference in the changes of fundus on the 4th day after treatment VS. the 2nd week after treatment (P<0.001). In the 0.5mg and 0.75mg group respectively, the changes of fundus were significantly different between each consecutive time points of the 4th day, 2nd week, 4th week and 2nd month after treatment (P<0.001,P<0.001,P=0.01; P<0.001,P=0.01,P=0.032). The proportion of normal retinal vessels of the three groups is 41.67% - 66. 67% in the 3rd month after treatment.Conclusion: Among the three doses of bevacizumab treatment, the efficacy of 1.25mg group is the best on the 4th day and the 2nd week after treatment, and there was no difference after 4 weeks. The efficacy of 0.5mg and 0.75mg group changed significantly from the 4th day to the 2nd month after treatment. Long-term follow-up of fundus changes was still needed to avoid recurrence of ROP whatever the dose of bevacizumab was uesed.
Investigating a Newly Developed Educational Orthopedic Application for Medical Interns
Authors: Daliri Mahla , Majd Hassan M. , Moradi Ali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn COVID 19 era, the literature on e-learning- or particularly smartphone (m-learning)- has considerably increased its attention on the subject of medical knowledge transfer. Regarding the importance of the orthopedic knowledge for general practitioners and the inadequacy of the orthopedics internship duration in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), we have developed and investigated a smartphone orthopedic educational application, named “Orthobox”.MethodsIn a quasi-clinical before-after trial study, we investigated the application benefits for medical interns attending MUMS orthopedic departments. A total of 120 students (64 and 56 students in control and case groups respectively) were recruited. The application consists of five main parts of medication, common order samples, common prescriptions, cast and splint types, and educational movies. Students who passed the course without getting access to the application (control group) and students who were using application during the course (case group) were defined, and comparison was done between them objectively-through final exam score comparison and subjectively-through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire score comparison. Besides, using case group students’ activity report provided by the application panel, correlational analysis was done on their amount of activity on each of the main parts of the application and the corresponding question exam and VAS score separately.ResultsThe case group of the study generally achieved higher final exam scores, mainly on Order question score (P value<0.001). Total VAS scores were also greater in case group (P value =0.001). It has also been identified that there is a notable positive trend between student’s amount of usage of the application and their final exam scores through correlational analysis. This correlation was not significant about students’ application visit numbers and VAS scores. ConclusionThese results on one hand, suggest that m-learning has got the potential to improve students’ medical knowledge and skills by organizing must-to-learn content specified for intern students of orthopedics and on the other hand, cause students more satisfied by their education.Level of evidence: Level III (Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization (i.e. quasi-experimental).
Nitrogen availability controls plant carbon storage with warming
Authors: Zhou Guiyao , Terrer César , Hungate Bruce , Gestel Natasja van , Zhou Xuhui , Groenigen Kees Jan van 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plants may slow global warming through enhanced growth, thereby stimulating the land carbon (C) sink. However, the key drivers determining responses of plants to warming remain unclear, causing uncertainty in climate projections. Using meta-analysis, we show that the effect of experimental warming on plant biomass is best explained by soil C:N ratio, an indicator of soil nitrogen (N) availability. Our results suggest that warming stimulates plant C storage most strongly in ecosystems where N limits plant growth, and may inform model predictions of warming may improve by considering spatially explicitly .
The Magnitude and Drug Resistance Profile of Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase (Esbl) Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria from Different Inanimate Objects at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Jemberu Asegedech Asmamaw , Tullu Kassu Desta , Mulate Yimtubeznash Woldeamanuel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria are causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is an important mechanism that is responsible for resistance to the third-generation cephalosporin. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude and drug resistance profile of ESBL producing gram-negative bacteria isolated from various inanimate objects at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Methods: Laboratory based cross-sectional study was conducted involving a total of 216 isolates from January to March 2019. The samples were taken from different inanimate objects at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital using pre-moistened sterile swabs. Screening of ESBLs was done using ESBL CHROME agar and confirmed with combined disk diffusion test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion method. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and descriptive statistical tests were performed. Results: 33/216 (15.3%) isolates were found to be ESBL producers based on the confirmatory test (combined disk method). Different ESBL producing gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the various inanimate objects of TASH including, Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Citrobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Serriatia spp and Acinetobacter spp. The isolates were found to be 100% resistant to ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. Conclusion: It is worrisome to detect ESBL producing gram-negative bacteria from the inanimate objects of TASH, calling for systematic screening of inanimate objects for ESBL and other multidrug-resistant bacteria in the hospital. Furthermore, strengthening the infection prevention practice is vital to halt the transmission of these microorganisms.
Surface D2 Autoreceptor Expression on Substantia Nigra Dopamine Neuron Dendrites
Authors: Williams John T , Lebowitz Joseph J. , Bunzow James R. , Robinson Brooks , Sesack Susan R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
G-Protein coupled D2 receptors expressed on dopamine neurons, i.e. D2-autoreceptors (D2Rs), negatively regulate transmitter release and cell firing in axonal terminals and somatodendritic compartments. However, as the membrane distribution of D2Rs at somatodendritic signaling sites has not been fully characterized, functional mechanistic details remain uncertain. This study utilized a knockin mouse to examine surface D2Rs linked at the N-terminus to a superecliptic pHlourin green fluorescent protein epitope (SEP) in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra. By incubating live slices with a highly specific anti-SEP antibody, the selective labeling of plasma membrane associated receptors was achieved. The SEP-D2Rs appeared as puncta like structures apposed to the surface of dendrites and soma of dopamine neurons. The percentage of D2R expression apposed to TH positive structures varied linearly with the density of TH fibers observed. TH-associated SEP-D2Rs displayed a cell surface density of 0.180 puncta per µm2, which corresponds to an average frequency of 1 punctum every 1.326 µm using nearest neighbor analysis. The distinct punctate appearance of the anti-SEP staining indicates there is a population of D2Rs organized in discrete clusters along the plasma membrane, an arrangement that can spatially localize signaling and influence GPCR efficacy. The results also indicate that D2Rs are spatially distributed on the plasma membrane at a frequency higher than previously reported.
Effects of Dietary Aspirin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Gastrointestinal Organs and Liver Enzymes, Abdominal Fats, Immune Response, Cecum Microflora and Fatty Acid Profile in Breast Meat of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Tavakoli Masoomeh , Bouyeh Mehrdad , Seidavi Alireza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Mesoporous Polydopamine Nanoparticles Carrying Peptide RL-QN15 Show Potential for Skin Wound Therapy
Authors: Qin Pan , Meng Yi , Wang Ying , Gou Xinyu , Liu Naixin , Yin Saige , Hu Yan , Sun Huiling , Fu Zhe , Wang Yinlei , Li Xiaojie , Tang Jing , Yang Ying , Deng Ziwei , Yang Xinwang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Skin wound healing remains a considerable clinical challenge, thus stressing the urgent need for the development of new interventions to promote repair. Recent researches indicate that both peptides and nanoparticles may be potential therapies for the treatment of skin wounds. Methods: In the current study, the mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) nanoparticles were prepared and the peptide RL-QN15 that was previously identified from amphibian skin secretions and exhibited significant potential as a novel prohealing agent was successfully loaded onto the MPDA nanoparticles, which was confirmed by results of analysis of scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The encapsulation efficiency and sustained release rate of RL-QN15 from the nanocomposites were determined. The prohealing potency of nanocomposites were evaluated by full-thickness injured wounds in both mice and swine & burn wounds in mice. Results: Our results indicated that, compared with RL-QN15 alone, the prohealing potency of nanocomposites of MPDA and RL-QN15 in the full-thickness injured wounds and burn wounds in mice was increased by up to 50 times through the slow release of RL-QN15. Moreover, the load on the MPDA obviously increased the prohealing activities of RL-QN15 in full-thickness injured wounds in swine. In addition, the obvious increase in the prohealing potency of nanocomposites of MPDA and RL-QN15 was also proved by the results from histological analysis. Conclusions: Based on our knowledge, this is the first research to report that the load of MPDA nanoparticles could significantly increase the prohealing potency of peptide and hence highlighted the promising potential of MPDA nanoparticles-carrying peptide RL-QN15 for skin wound therapy.