bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Revegetation and Nutrient Dynamics Following the 1971 Little Sioux Forest Fire in Northeastern Minnesota
Authors: Ohmann Lewis F. , Grigal David F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Three virgin plant communities dominated by Pinus banksiana, three by Populus-Betula, and one mixed community were studied over five growing seasons after burning in the 1971 Little Sioux Fire. From 1971 through 1975 tree and tall shrub reproduction generally decreased in density and increased in biomass. Low shrub cover and biomass increased for 3 years and then leveled off as tree and tall shrub competition increased. Herb cover and biomass increased most rapidly through 1972 and then slowed substantially. By 1975 total net primary productivity averaged 850 g/m²/yr for all seven stands, and over 1,200 g/m²/yr in the broadleaf-dominated stands. The forest floor 01 horizon increased in mass through 1974, and then apparently stabilized at about 620 g/m². The 02 horizon averaged about 1,000 g/m² and was still increasing in 1975. By the 1975 growing season the total amount of nutrients in aboveground vegetation on burned plots ranged from 33 percent of the N to 65 percent of the K found in nearby unburned forest communities. By 1973 the nutrients in the aboveground vegetation and the 01 horizon of the forest floor were greater than the quantity estimated to have been mobilized by the fire. The vegetation was an effective sink for the released nutrients.
FACTORS INFLUENCING FITNESS IN CHROMOSOMAL STRAINS IN DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA
Authors: Wasserman Marvin 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Chromosomal polymorphism can be maintained by means of genic dominance, genic overdominance, recombination effects and karyotype selection. Experiments were carried out which allow us to distinguish among these factors as they effect egg hatch and larva-to-adult survival in D. subobscura. A strong karotype selection was observed. A small but highly significant recombination effect was also observed despite the fact that the material used in the experiment consisted of inbred, related strains and was therefore less likely to show such an effect than strains randomly chosen from a population. On the other hand, these strains, being inbred, were more likely to show genic dominance or genic overdominance than randomly picked samples. However neither genic dominance nor genic overdominance was detected.
MAINTENANCE OF GENETIC VARIATION WITH A FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT SELECTION MODEL AS COMPARED TO THE OVERDOMINANT MODEL
Authors: Hedrick Philip W 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
A frequency-dependent selection model proposed by Huang, Singh and Kojima (1971) was found to be more effective at maintaining genetic variation in a finite population than the overdominant model. The fourth moment parameter of the distribution of unfixed states showed that there was a more platykurtic distribution for the frequency-dependent model. This agreed well with the expected gene frequency change found for an infinite population.
Phenotype and Natural History of Children With Coexistent Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Celiac Disease
Authors: Bramuzzo Matteo , Lionetti Paolo , Miele Erasmo , Romano Claudio , Arrigo Serena , Cardile Sabrina , Di Nardo Giovanni , Illiceto Maria Teresa , Pastore Maria , Felici Enrico , Fuoti Maurizio , Banzato Claudia , Citrano Michele , Congia Mauro , Norsa Lorenzo , Pozzi Elena , Zuin Giovanna , Agrusti Anna , Bianconi Martina , Grieco Claudia , Giudici Fabiola , Aloi Marina , Alvisi Patrizia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Adult patients with both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease (CeD) have peculiar phenotypic features. This study aimed at describing the characteristics and natural history of children with both IBD and CeD.

Methods
This was a case-control study based on a national registry. Cases included children diagnosed with both IBD and CeD. Two matched IBD controls without CeD, and 2 matched CeD controls were selected for each case. Inflammatory bowel disease phenotype and natural history, comprising growth and pubertal development, were compared between groups.

Results
Forty-nine (1.75%) patients with IBD and CeD were identified out of 2800 patients with IBD. Compared with patients with IBD alone, patients with IBD and CeD presented more frequently with autoimmune diseases (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% CI, 0.97–8.37; P = 0.04). Ileocolonic localization (46.1% vs 73.1%), treatment with azathioprine (46.2% vs 71.2%), and anti-TNF biologics (46.2% vs 69.2%) were less common in patients with Crohn’s disease and CeD than in patients with Crohn’s disease alone. Patients with ulcerative colitis and CeD had an increased risk of colectomy despite similar medical treatments compared with patients with ulcerative colitis alone (13.0% vs 0%). Pubertal delay was more common in patients with IBD and CeD compared with patients with IBD alone (14.9% vs 3.2%; odds artio, 5.24; 95% CI, 1.13–33.0; P = 0.02) and CeD alone (14.9% vs 1.1%; P = 0.002).

Conclusions
Children with IBD and CeD may have peculiar features with a higher risk for autoimmune diseases, colectomy, and pubertal delay compared with IBD alone.
Mid-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with mild left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Hang , Shi Ronghui , Qin Wei , Chen Wen , Li Liangpeng , Wang Wuwei , Zhao Yang , Wang Rui , Chen Xin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract OBJECTIVESLeft ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is common and associated with adverse events in patients receiving coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, the prognosis of mild LVSD has not been clearly described. We aimed to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of patients with mild LVSD following CABG.METHODSThis multicentre cohort study using propensity score matching took place from December 2012 to October 2019 in Jiangsu Province, China, with a mean and maximum follow-up of 3.2 and 7.2 years, respectively. Patients were classified to normal left ventricular systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥53%) and mild LVSD (left ventricular ejection fraction &gt;40%/&lt;53%). The primary outcomes were death from all causes and death from cardiovascular causes. The secondary outcomes were heart failure, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization and a composite of all mentioned outcomes, including death from all causes (major adverse events).RESULTSA total of 581 pairs were formed after matching. In-hospital death (1.5% vs 2.1%, P = 0.51) did not differ between 2 cohorts. Throughout 7 years, mild LVSD was associated with higher rates of death from all causes [hazard ratio (HR) 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–0.89; P = 0.012], death from cardiovascular causes (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36–0.90; P = 0.017), heart failure (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37–0.93; P = 0.023) and major adverse events (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49–0.91; P = 0.009). There was no difference in the rates of myocardial infarction and repeat revascularization.CONCLUSIONSMild LVSD was associated with a worse mid-term prognosis in patients following CABG.
Host Patch Use and Potential Competitive Interactions Between Two Egg Parasitoids From the Family Scelionidae, Candidate Biological Control Agents of Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Hougardy Evelyne , Hogg Brian N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two egg parasitoids from Pakistan, Gryon sp. nr. gonikopalense Sharma (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Trissolcus hyalinipennis Rajmohana & Narendran (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), are currently being investigated as potential classical biocontrol agents for Bagrada hilaris Burmeister. The former is the most promising because of its ability to attack B. hilaris eggs in soil, but the latter was recently discovered in California. This study detailed the patch use and oviposition behavior of both species and assessed their relative foraging efficiency. We also investigated possible competitive interactions by assessing 1) the occurrence of intra- and interspecific host discrimination, 2) mutual interference between females (extrinsic competition), 3) the outcome of multiparasitism (intrinsic competition), and 4) the effect of competition on host suppression. Our results showed that T. hyalinipennis females tended to probe repeatedly in the same hosts leading to longer host patch time and lower foraging efficiency. Both species avoided conspecific superparasitism, but not multiparasitism. When the two species foraged simultaneously, G. sp. nr. gonikopalense seemed to be slightly superior in extrinsic competition, while neither species seemed to have an advantage in intrinsic competition. Also, neither species could develop as a facultative hyperparasitoid, but they inflicted non-reproductive mortality on eggs containing 4-d-old larvae of their competitor. Lastly, host mortality inflicted by G. sp. nr. gonikopalense and T. hyalinipennis when acting together appeared to be additive. These results suggest that the presence of T. hyalinipennis in California is unlikely to reduce G. sp. nr. gonikopalense efficiency, but will instead improve the biological control of B. hilaris.
Survey of Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Infesting Wheat in Eastern Colorado
Authors: Cockrell Darren M , Randolph Terri , Peirce Erika , Peairs Frank B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
From 2012 through 2020, a survey of wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, was conducted in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in Eastern Colorado. In 2013, results showed sawfly infestations concentrated in the northern part of the state with only a few highly infested sites, with 38 of the 94 sampled sites having any infestation (five of which had &gt;50% infestation levels). By 2020 sawfly had been found in all eastern counties sampled, and 72 of the 106 sites sampled were found to contain sawfly (11 of which had &gt;50% infestation levels). The spread of this pest across the Colorado wheat-growing region will have lasting economic effects. The information gathered from this and future surveys will inform wheat variety development and aid in management decisions made by growers across the state.
Heterologous production of cyanobacterial compounds
Authors: Dhakal Dipesh , Chen Manyun , Luesch Hendrik , Ding Yousong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cyanobacteria produce a plethora of compounds with unique chemical structures and diverse biological activities. Importantly, the increasing availability of cyanobacterial genome sequences and the rapid development of bioinformatics tools have unraveled the tremendous potential of cyanobacteria in producing new natural products. However, the discovery of these compounds based on cyanobacterial genomes has progressed slowly as the majority of their corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are silent. In addition, cyanobacterial strains are often slow-growing, difficult for genetic engineering, or cannot be cultivated yet, limiting the use of host genetic engineering approaches for discovery. On the other hand, genetically tractable hosts such as Escherichia coli, Actinobacteria, and yeast have been developed for the heterologous expression of cyanobacterial BGCs. More recently, there have been increased interests in developing model cyanobacterial strains as heterologous production platforms. Herein, we present recent advances in the heterologous production of cyanobacterial compounds in both cyanobacterial and noncyanobacterial hosts. Emerging strategies for BGC assembly, host engineering, and optimization of BGC expression are included for fostering the broader applications of synthetic biology tools in the discovery of new cyanobacterial natural products.
Improved early warning of compact binary mergers using higher modes of gravitational radiation: a population study
Authors: Singh Mukesh Kumar , Kapadia Shasvath J , Shaikh Md Arif , Chatterjee Deep , Ajith Parameswaran 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
A gravitational wave early warning of a compact binary coalescence event, with a sufficiently tight localization skymap, would allow telescopes to point in the direction of the potential electromagnetic counterpart before its onset. Use of higher modes of gravitational radiation, in addition to the dominant mode typically used in templated real-time searches, was recently shown to produce significant improvements in early-warning times and skyarea localizations for a range of asymmetric mass binaries. We perform a large-scale study to assess the benefits of this method for a population of compact binary merger observations. In particular, we inject 100 000 such signals in Gaussian noise, with component masses $m_1 \in \left[1, 60 \right] \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ and $m_2 \in \left[1, 3 \right] \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. We consider three scenarios involving ground-based detectors: the fifth (O5) observing run of the Advanced LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network, its projected Voyager upgrade, as well as a proposed third-generation (3G) network. We find that for fixed early-warning times of 20–60 s, the inclusion of the higher modes can provide localization improvements of a factor of ≳2 for up to ${\sim}60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($70 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) of the neutron star–black hole (NSBH) systems in the O5 (Voyager) scenario. Considering only those NSBH systems that can produce potential electromagnetic counterparts, such improvements in the localization can be expected for ${\sim}5\!-\!35{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ $(20\!-\!50{{\ \rm per\ cent}})$ binaries in O5 (Voyager). For the 3G scenario, a significant fraction of the events have time gains of a minute to several minutes, assuming fiducial target localization areas of 100–1000 deg2.
Detecting episodes of star formation using Bayesian model selection
Authors: Lawler Andrew J , Acquaviva Viviana 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBayesian model comparison frameworks can be used when fitting models to data in order to infer the appropriate model complexity in a data-driven manner. We aim to use them to detect the correct number of major episodes of star formation from the analysis of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies, modelled after 3D-HST galaxies at z ∼ 1. Starting from the published stellar population properties of these galaxies, we use kernel density estimates to build multivariate input parameter distributions to obtain realistic simulations. We create simulated sets of spectra of varying degrees of complexity (identified by the number of parameters), and derive SED fitting results and pieces of evidence for pairs of nested models, including the correct model as well as more simplistic ones, using the bagpipes codebase with nested sampling algorithm multinest. We then ask the question: is it true – as expected in Bayesian model comparison frameworks – that the correct model has larger evidence? Our results indicate that the ratio of pieces of evidence (the Bayes factor) is able to identify the correct underlying model in the vast majority of cases. The quality of the results improves primarily as a function of the total S/N in the SED. We also compare the Bayes factors obtained using the evidence to those obtained via the Savage–Dickey density ratio (SDDR), an analytic approximation that can be calculated using samples from regular Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. We show that the SDDR ratio can satisfactorily replace a full evidence calculation provided that the sampling density is sufficient.
Excision and End-to-End Anastomosis of a Giant Partially Thrombosed Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Mimicking a Neck Tumor: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Khan Nickalus R , Shah Ashish , Morcos Jacques J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aneurysms of the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) are a rare entity
1,2
accounting for less than 0.2% to 0.5% of all carotid surgeries
3
and less than 1% of all arterial aneurysms.
4
There are several types of aneurysms, which include dissecting aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, mycotic aneurysms, and fusiform and saccular aneurysms.
5
The causes can include atherosclerosis, trauma, infection, and dysplasia. We present the case of a 70-yr-old otherwise healthy female found to have a neck mass. She was referred from a peripheral vascular surgeon to a head and neck surgeon for potential biopsy. The head and neck surgeon obtained vascular imaging and referred the patient to neurosurgery for definitive management. The patient gave informed consent for the procedure. An excision of the cervical ICA aneurysm and reanastomosis of the cervical ICA was performed. The patient remained neurologically intact postoperatively and imaging demonstrated complete aneurysm occlusion and a patent cervical ICA anastomosis.
The patient gave verbal consent for this case to be published.
Nerve Splitting and Vascular Transposition for Trigeminal Neuralgia Attributed to Nerve Penetrating Trigeminocerebellar Artery: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Goto Yukihiro , Inoue Takuro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The trigeminocerebellar artery (TCA) is an infrequent anatomic anomaly of the branches originating from the basilar artery. It is clinically identifiable by the presence of the ipsilateral superior cerebellar artery and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and its course from the basilar artery to the cerebellar hemisphere. Because of its anatomic proximity to the trigeminal nerve root, the TCA often causes trigeminal neuralgia (TGN). Unlike other common arteries, repositioning the TCA is not always feasible when it penetrates the trigeminal nerve root (the intraneural type of TCA). In addition, the rich perforators originating from the TCA may limit its movability. The nerve decompression technique in such a rare condition has not yet been fully assessed. In this video, we present the nerve-splitting method for the intraneural type of TCA, in which sufficient isolation of the sensory root is achieved. The motor root of the trigeminal nerve originates from the brainstem slightly rostral of the root entry zone of the sensory root. Dissecting the motor root from its exit to the porous trigeminus allows mobilization of the root together with penetrating TCA away from the sensory root. The movability of the TCA increases by dissecting its perforators to the nerve root and brain stem. Sufficient separation of the sensory root contributes to ensuring the surgical result of nerve decompression and reducing the risk of recurrence due to adhesion. No complications of motor root retraction, such as masseter weakness and malocclusion, were noted in our experience.
All data identifying the patients were anonymized. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of our institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study also obtained approval from the ethics committee of our institution. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants, as well as their first-degree relatives, included in this study.
The role of vaccine exemptions in the resurgence of measles
Authors: Nimblett-Clarke Avril 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Measles (rubeola) is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable illness. Since 2014, a resurging trend has been noted in the incidence of measles, an illness once eliminated. Low vaccination rates contribute to its resurgence. The most compelling reason for low vaccination rates is the availability and prevalence of nonmedical exemptions (NME), which are primarily based on religious and philosophical beliefs. This article reviews the effect of NMEs in measles resurgence and the moral and legal implications of these exemptions. Clinicians should be aware of this trend and be ready to educate and evaluate the validity of NME requests.
Clinical strategies for addressing obesity in infants and toddlers
Authors: Graf Michelle D. , Karp Sharon M. , Lutenbacher Melanie , Wasser Heather , Bushaw Andrea , Dietrich Mary S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
Babies' earliest food experiences have a lifelong impact on eating preferences and dietary habits, laying the foundation for obesity risk. NPs have the opportunity to provide education about healthy infant feeding practices before the growth trajectory becomes abnormal and focus intensive education on at-risk families.
Reducing the wait
Authors: Atchley Megan Danielle , Kroll Nicole Peters , Etcher LuAnn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
Today, healthcare providers are not only charged with providing high-quality evidence-based care to improve patient outcomes, but also with completing quick patient visits due to time constraints to necessitate financial reimbursement. This article summarizes current evidence to determine best practices for managing outpatient wait times and improve outcomes, satisfaction, quality, and continuity of care.
Outcomes of Telehealth-Delivered Physical Activity Programs in Adult Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Blackwood Jennifer , Rybicki Kateri 
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:
Reduced physical activity (PA) is associated with poor prognosis in cancer survivors. Clinicians and researchers have attempted to improve adherence to PA recommendations, essentially bridging the gap between the clinic and the home by incorporating telehealth technologies in patients with chronic diseases. However, various approaches to telehealth may be used and the effectiveness of these interventions in cancer survivors is unknown. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the type of technology used and outcomes of telehealth-delivered PA programs in adult cancer survivors.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed to examine telehealth methods used to deliver PA exercise programs in adult cancer survivors. Databases searched for articles included PubMed/Ovid, MEDLINE/Web of Science, and CINAHL Complete via EBSCO. All articles that met the inclusion criteria were appraised by 2 reviewers independently and discussed against inclusion/exclusion criteria. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment was used to assess study quality.

Results:
The search located 21 articles, and 5 met inclusion criteria. Articles included survivors from breast cancer (n = 3), prostate cancer (n = 1), and mixed sample (n = 1), including breast, cervical, endometrial, lung, leukemia, lymphoma, urinary, melanoma, rectal, oral, ovarian, and prostate cancer survivors. Sample size ranged from 41 to 339 and comprised 81.2% breast cancer survivors. PA interventions were delivered via telehealth by telephone calls (2 studies), smartphone apps (2 studies), and one used a combination of telephone calls and text messaging.

Limitations:
Selection bias is possible. Limited types of telehealth technologies were used.

Conclusions:
Limited evidence exists describing better outcomes of telehealth-delivered PA programs in cancer survivors than by traditional home exercise program instruction, and further study is indicated.