bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex- and age-specific variation of gut microbiota in Brandt’s voles
Authors: Xu Xiaoming , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: June 2021

Background
Gut microbiota plays a key role in the survival and reproduction of wild animals which rely on microbiota to break down plant compounds for nutrients. As compared to laboratory animals, wild animals face much more threat of environmental changes (e.g. food shortages and risk of infection). Therefore, studying the gut microbiota of wild animals can help us better understand the mechanisms animals use to adapt to their environment.

Methods
We collected the feces of Brandt’s voles in the grassland, of three age groups (juvenile, adult and old), in both sexes. We studied the gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results
The main members of gut microbiota in Brandt’s voles were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. As voles get older, the proportion of Firmicutes increased gradually, and the proportion of Bacteroides decreased gradually. The diversity of the microbiota of juveniles is lower, seems like there is still a lot of space for colonization, and there are large variations in the composition of the microbiome between individuals. In adulthood, the gut microbiota tends to be stable, and the diversity is highest. In adult, the abundances of Christensenellaceae and Peptococcus of female were significantly higher than male voles.

Conclusions
The gut microbiota of Brandt’s vole was influenced by sex and age, probably due to growth needs and hormone levels. Gut microbiota of wild animals were much influenced by their life-history reflected by their age and sex. Future studies will be directed to identify functions of these “wild microbiota” in regulating physiological or behavioral processes of wild animals in different life stage or sexes.
Dental health care providers’ concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Javed Muhammad Qasim , Chaudhary Farooq Ahmad , Mohsin Syed Fareed , AlAttas Mustafa Hussein , Edrees Hadeel Yaseen , Habib Syed Rashid , Riaz Arham 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDental health care providers (DHCPs)are at high risk of cross-infection during clinical practice therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the DHCPs Covid-19 related concerns, its perceived impact, and their preparedness in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study on DHCPs was carried out at five dental teaching hospitals/colleges in four provinces of Saudi Arabia from October to December 2020. A 35-item valid and reliable questionnaire was used to assess the concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness of DHCPs in the COVID-19 pandemic. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to compare parameters between the clinical and non-clinical staff.ResultsA total of 320 DHCPs participated in this study with proportion of clinical staff (57.5%) surpassing the non-clinical staff (42.5%). The clinical DHCPs felt greater odds of falling ill with COVID-19 than non-clinical workers (OR, 2.61) and willing to look for another job (OR, 3.50). The higher proportion in both groups was worried that people close to them would be at higher exposure risk (96.3%) however, slightly more clinical DHCPs were concerned for their children than a non-clinical worker (OR, 3.57). The clinical DHCPs have greater odds of worrying that people would avoid them and their family members because of their job (OR, 2.75). A higher proportion in both groups (75.0%, 63.2%) felt that they would feel stress at work. More non-clinical DHCPs (94.1%) had received training for infection control than clinical (94.1% vs 63.0%: OR 0.10). Similarly, more DHCPs in the nonclinical group received adequate personal protective equipment training (88.2%; OR, 0.48). Most participants practiced self-preparation such as buying masks and disinfection (94.4%, 96.9%).ConclusionThe majority of DHCPs felt concerned about their risk of exposure and falling ill from infection and infecting friends/family. These concerns could potentially affect the working of DHCPs during this pandemic. Measures to improve protection for DHCPs, minimize psychological implications, and potential social stigmatization should be identified at the planning phase before any pandemic.
Effects of short-term grazing prohibition on soil physical and chemical properties of meadows in Southwest China
Authors: Zhu Guiqing , Yuan Chaoxiang , Gong Hede , Peng Yanling , Huang Changjiang , Wu Chuansheng , Duan Huachao 
Published: June 2021

Background
Grassland plays an important role in the ecosystem, but overgrazing harms the grassland system in many places. Grazing prohibition is an effective method to restore grassland ecosystems, and it plays a great role in realizing the sustainable development of grassland systems. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on the influence of regional grazing prohibition on the physical and chemical properties of different grassland systems.

Methods
In Potatso National Park, Southwest China, we selected experimental plots in the artificial grazing meadow area to study the effects of grazing prohibition on plant and soil indexes in subalpine meadows and swamp meadows. We investigated the biomass and species diversity of grazing prohibition treatment and grazing treatment plots and sampled and tested the soil index. The variation percentage was used to remove the original heterogeneity and yearly variation, allowing us to compare differences in plant index and soil index values between grazing prohibition and grazing treatments.

Results
Grazing prohibition increased the aboveground biomass, total biomass, total meadow coverage, average height, richness index, Shannon diversity index and evenness index and reduced the belowground biomass and root/shoot ratio in the subalpine meadow and swamp meadow. Additionally, grazing prohibition reduced the pH and soil bulk density and increased the soil total carbon, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil hydrolyzable nitrogen, soil total phosphorus and soil available phosphorus in the subalpine meadow and swamp meadow. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that both plant indexes and soil indexes were significantly different between grazing and grazing prohibition treatments and between meadow types. Short-term grazing prohibition had a great impact on improving the fertility of meadow soil in the study area. We suggest that long-term and extensive research should be carried out to promote the restoration and sustainable development of regional grassland systems.
Prevalence of Non-Dermatophytic Molds Associated with Cutaneous Mycoses in Cattle in Abia and Imo States, Nigeria
Authors: Nwofor C. N. , Oyeka C. A. , Onyenwe N. E. , Echeta M. O. , Tatfeng Y. M. 
Published: June 2021

Aims: To study the prevalence and identification of non-dermatophytic molds associated with cattle in Abia and Imo States, Nigeria.
Study Design: The systematic random sampling method was adopted.
Place and Duration of Study: A total of 2255 cattle was encountered, out of which 451 skin samples from both infected and asymptomatic animals were sampled from six cattle markets in Abia and Imo States, Nigeria between January and August, 2018.
Methodology: The 451 samples were analysed for their colonial and microscopic morphology and molecular analysis. Polymerase chain reaction of the 16SrRNA internal transcriber spacer (ITS) sequence techniques were carried out on the isolates. Pathogenicity of the isolates were determined.
Results: A total of 16 non-dermatophytic molds were obtained from 451samples analysed at different frequency of occurrences from the cattle skins in both states and these include Aspergillusfumigatus (3.6%), Aspergillus terreus (2.7%), Aspergillus wewitschiae (13.5%), Aspergillus flavus (10.0%), Aspergillus aculeatus (9.0%), Aspergillus sydowii (5.0%), Fusarium solani (3.2%), Fusarium lichenicola (17.9%), Fusarium succisae (12.0%), Fusarium oxysporum (2.0%), Penicillium citrinum (3.0%), Curvularia kusanol (0.6%), Cladosporium tenuissimum (4.9%), Pestalotiopsis microspora (0.1%), Talaromyces kendrickii (0.1%) and Absidia specie (12.9%).
Conclusion: The study revealed that non-dermatophytic molds were highly prevalent and are possible causative agent of cutaneous mycoses in cattle. Pathogenicity evaluation carried out in this study revealed that Aspergillus welwitschiae, Cladosporium tenuissimum and Absidia sp. were highly virulent.
Education, Women Empowerment and National Development in Nigeria
Authors: Aimua Ehigocho Peace 
Published: June 2021

This study examines the role of Education in women empowerment for effective participation in National Development. Education is a very important tool in improving the status of women in any society. It is indispensable as it enables women to gain Knowledge about the world which helps women upgrade their status, gain positive self-esteem, self-confidence, and necessary strength needed to face challenges in life. Therefore, educated women have a vital role to play in governance, agricultural sector, industrial sector, and the commerce sector for the nations building. Although Nigeria women are faced daily with some grassroots challenges that have hindered their participation in the nations building. The challenges faced by women daily which have limited their contributions to the development of Nigerian economy includes; cultural and traditional belief system, religion, illiteracy and low standard of living. The study concluded that, across the country women access to education is still low as the gender disparity in the enrolment of women into all level of educational institutions has widened over the years. To bridge this gap, the government should as a matter of urgency create and implement policies capable of promoting gender balance in access to education across the country, by insisting on the enrolment of a higher percentage of girl child in schools from primary schools. The government should also create policies that can remove institutional and artificial barriers based on culture, religion and traditional considerations impeding women from contributing to economic development.
Microbial Pesticides for Insect Pest Management: Success and Risk Analysis
Authors: Rajashekhar Mandla , Rajashekar Banda , Sathyanarayana Eetela , Keerthi M. C. , Kumar Padala Vinod , Ramakrishna K. , Vanisree Kalisetti , Neelima Guptha , Madhuri G. , Shaila Ongole 
Published: June 2021

Biotic stress is a major cause for pre and postharvest losses in agriculture. Food crops of the world are damaged by more than of 10,000 species of insects 30,000 species of weeds, 1,00, 000 types of diseases (due to fungi, viruses, bacteria and various microbes) and a 1,000 species of nematodes. Modern day management practices for the above specified stress factors largely depends on the utilization of synthetic pesticides. Pesticide misuse in numerous sectors of agriculture frequently has often linked to health issues and environmental pollution around the world. Thus, there is a growing interest in replacing or possibly supplementing the prevailing control strategies with new and safer techniques. One of the promising management tools in this new state of affairs for crop protection is microbial pesticides. At present, only 3% of plant protectants used globally are covered by bio pesticides, but their growth rate indicates an increasing trend in the past two decades. The discovery of insecticidal property of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) indicated a more extensive part of organism based natural control. Microbial pesticides comprise of a microorganisms (bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoan) or toxins produced by them as the active ingredient. The most commonly used microbial pesticides are entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium, Beauveria and Verticillium), entomopathogenic bacteria (Bt), entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) and baculoviruses (NPV and GV) which able to cause disease in insects. Microbial insecticides are promising alternative to ecologically disruptive pest control measures as they are no longer harmful to the environment and non target organisms. If deployed appropriately, microbial insecticides have capability to bring sustainability to global agriculture for food and food safety.
Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality Assessment of a Segment of Asa River Water, Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Jimoh Fausat Abimbola , Kolawole Olatunji Matthew 
Published: June 2021

The existence of all living organisms depends on water resource which is continually polluted, and is therefore of public health importance. This study investigated river water samples for physicochemical and bacteriological quality of post-office segment of Asa river in Ilorin using standard procedures and the isolates were also identified with standard methods. Eight selected antibiotics used were in this study to determine the trend of susceptibility of the microorganisms to some of the antibiotics. The values recorded for physicochemical parameters of the water samples were within the limits of WHO standard for safe drinking water. The temperature of the water samples ranged between 21.0 and 28.40C while water pH ranged from 7.1 to 7.5. The total heterotrophic count values ranged between 1.2×104 and 7.8×104 cfu/ml, total coliform count values ranged between 4.0×102 and 1.0×104 cfu/100ml, total fecal count values were between 0 and 5.9×103 cfu/100ml some of which were found to be higher than the WHO stipulated values prescribed for river water. Large amount of the bacteria isolated from this water indicated that the water source is a reservoir for many waterborne pathogens; this includes Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp. Approximately 75% of the isolates were sensitive to ofloxacin and 50% of the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, while the entire organisms were resistant to augmentin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone. It was inferred that, the selected of segment of the river analyzed revealed high levels of pollution with antibiotic resistant organisms hence not suitable for human consumption without implementing appropriate purification and treatment regimen.
GDP-PMI Nexus: Nigeria in Focus
Authors: Abraham Ochoche 
Published: June 2021

This study seeks to contribute to extant literature on the relationship between the manufacturing and non-manufacturing purchasing manager’s index (PMI) and the real gross domestic product (GDP) in Nigeria. The study was carried out at Statistics Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria between 2010:Q1 – 2019:Q3 (for seasonally adjusted quarterly real gross domestic product (GDP)) and 2014:M7 – 2019:M9 (for monthly PMI). Pearson correlation test and plots are the adopted methods. The uniqueness of this study is the utilization of growth rates for both variables as well as employing a disaggregated approach in other to drill down to discover the true drivers of the relationship between the two variables. Results shows that CBN PMI is the most reliable of the three PMI indices computed for Nigeria. In addition, input price, output prices and quantity purchased, are the true determinants (from the manufacturing sector) of the direction of real GDP growth. Output price has a strong negative relationship with real GDP (-83%, contemporaneous), while input price too has a strong negative relationship with real GDP (-88% contemporaneous and -90% at lag 1) and quantity of purchases has a strong positive relationship with real GDP. From the non-manufacturing sector, average input price has a strong negative relationship with real GDP (-84%, with 2 periods lag), new export orders have a strong positive relationship with real GDP growth (77% with 3 periods lag) and imports also has a strong positive relationship with real GDP growth (85% with 1 period lag). Because prices have such a significant effect on GDP growth, it is recommended that both the monetary and fiscal authorities work together to curb inflation growth which has been trending upwards.
Study of Nidan (Etiological Factors) Responsible For Manyastambha With Respect To Cervical Spondylosis in Present Era – A Study Protocol
Authors: Jain Mayuri , Parwe Shweta , Ade Vinod , Nisargandha Milind 
Published: June 2021

Background: In Ayurveda, Manyastambha is defined as Manyahakriyahani. It is the clinical entity in which the back of the neck becomes stiff, and the neck movement is impaired. Manyastambha is explained one of the Vataja Nanatmaja Vikara by Acharyas. Manyastambha occurs in Urdhwajatru pradesha. It can be correlated with cervical Spondylosis in modern medicine. Cervical Spondylosis is a condition in which degenerative changes are found in the cervical spine. The bony overgrowth of adjacent vertebrae is usually associated with age-related changes in intervertebral discs. In today's era, because of stressful and fast lifestyle, people suffering from various degenerative diseases. Manyastambha is one of the lifestyle disorders which is caused due to excessive use of motor vehicle, travelling, constantly sitting and functioning for a longer duration, lifting heavy weights, lack of exercise or yogas, taking unhealthy foods. Ruk (pain) and Stambha (stiffness) are the main symptoms of Manyastambha. So to prevent the increasing rate of Manyastambha patients, we need to rule out the exact cause from the Nidanas given by Acharyas and correlate it with cervical Spondylosis. Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylosis) is one of the most everyday orthopaedic problems faced by the primary problem.
Aim: Studying Nidan (etiological factors) responsible for Manyastambha concerning cervical Spondylosis in the present era.
Methods: This study will be observational; subjects mainly diagnosed for manyastambha will be recruited in this study and observe the causative factors responsible for that particular subject.
Results: The Result will be based on observation and analyzed data.
Conclusion: The Nidana, which are most likely to cause Manyastambha in patients, provides proper guidelines to the patients.
Assessment of Air Pollution and Health Hazard Associated with Selected Sawmills in Port Harcourt Metropolis
Authors: Stanley H. O. , Inuope O. A. 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to assess air pollution and health hazards around selected sawmills within Port Harcourt metropolis. The physicochemical parameters of the air at the sawmilling sites were determined using onsite air quality analysers. The microbiological parameters were determined using the settling plate technique and the isolates identified based on their cultural and biochemical characteristics. Results showed that estimates of the monitored physicochemical parameters varied with prevalent human activity, time of exposure and atmospheric conditions. At Rumosi, SO2, VOCs and TSP with a concentration 1.250 ppm, 550.500 ppm, 323.200 µg/m3 respectively exceeded the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEv) & World Health Organization (WHO) limit irrespective of the atmospheric condition, time and day of sampling, while the temperature, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 with a concentration of 39.450oC, 209 µg/m3, 348.350 µg/m3, 0.181ppm respectively varied and was within the FMEv acceptable standard. At SARS Road Sawmill 1, VOCs, PM10 and TSP exceeded the FMEv limit while at SARS Road Sawmill 2, SO2, NO2, VOCs, PM10 and TSP exceeded the FMEv limits. Microbiological analysis revealed that the bioaerosols contained 12 bacterial genera (Aeromonas, Citrobacter, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Klebsiella, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Providencia, Shigella, Enterobacter and Bacillus) and 7 fungal genera (Penicillium, Fusarium, Geotrichium, Cladosporium, Rhizopus and Trichophyton and Aspergillus) with total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC) and total fungal count (TFC) ranging from 2711-26980 CFU/m3 and 373-12851 CFU/m3 respectively. The study also showed that sawmills within Port Harcourt do not pay much attention to the provision and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), as they were generally not provided. The sawmill workers commonly reported cough and chest pain which they admitted could be associated with their jobs. This study has shown that air around sawmill sites contains inhalable chemical and biological agents which could cause respiratory problems to workers with prolonged exposure and dose response. Sawmill operators should provide and enforce the use of PPE within their facility. It is recommended that sawmill workers and other visitors wear personal protective gadgets in the processing area of the sawmill factories. Further study to relate workers symptoms with emission is recommended.
Arteriovenous Fistula of Superior Mesenteric Artery: An Unusual Cause of an Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Yang Yang , Ran Qisheng , Chen Dongfeng 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe most common causes of lower gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage are diverticulosis and angiodysplasia. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) of the intestine is an uncommon cause of GI hemorrhage.Case PresentationHerein, we report a case of an embolization of an AVF originated from the superior mesenteric artery and vein as a cause of acute massive lower GI bleeding.ConclusionThe patient underwent a right hemicolectomy and ileotransversostomy.
DIFFERENTIAL NEURAL CREST CELL ATTACHMENT AND MIGRATION ON AVIAN LAMININ ISOFORMS
Authors: Perris Roberto , Brandenberger Ralph , Chiquet Matthias 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA number of laminin isoforms have recently been identified and proposed to exert different functions during embryonic development. In the present study, we describe the purification and partial characterization of several isoforms isolated from chick heart and gizzard, and provide data on the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of avian neural crest cells with these molecules in vitro. Laminins extracted from heart and gizzard tissues were separated by gel filtration and purified to homogeneity by sequential lectin and immunoaffinity chromatography by utilizing monoclonal antibodies directed against the avian α2, β2 and γ1 laminin chains. The sodium dodecyl sulfate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS—PAGE) banding pattern of the polypeptide complexes obtained and immunoblotting with polyclonal antisera allowed the identification of Laminin‐2 (α2β1γ1), Laminin‐4 (α2β2γ1), and laminins comprising the β1, β2 and γ1 chains associated with a shorter α chain which, in SDS—PAGE, co‐migrate with the β/γ complex in the 200 kDa region. These latter laminins, which are here arbitrarily denoted Laminin‐αχ (heart tissue) and Laminin‐G (gizzard tissue), are somewhat distinct in their apparent molecular weight, are differentially associated with nidogen, and appear as “T”‐shaped particles similar to Laminin‐6 and Laminin‐7 when analyzed by transmission electron microscopy following rotary shadowing. In contrast, the avian Laminin‐2 and Laminin‐4 isoforms exhibit the characteristic cruciform shape described previously for their mammalian counterparts. Isolated neural crest cells differentially attached and migrated on these laminin isoforms, showing a clear preference for Laminin‐G. Similarly to the EHS Laminin‐1, neural crest cells recognized all avian isoforms through their α1β1 integrin, shown previously to be the primary laminin‐binding receptor on these cells. Neural crest cell interaction with the avian laminins was dependent upon maintenance of the secondary and tertiary structure of the molecules, as shown by the marked reduction in cell attachment and migration upon disruption of the α‐helical coiled‐coil structure of their constituent chains. The results demonstrate that different laminin isoforms may be differentially involved in the regulation of neural crest cell migration and suggest that this regulation operates through interaction of the cells with a structurally conserved cell binding site recognized by the α1β1 integrin.