bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint effects of ethnic enclave residence and ambient volatile organic compounds exposure on risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among Asian/Pacific Islander women in the United States
Authors: Williams Andrew D , Ha Sandie , Shenassa Edmond , Messer Lynne , Kanner Jenna , Mendola Pauline 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Asian/Pacific Islander (API) communities in the United States often reside in metropolitan areas with distinct social and environmental attributes. Residence in an ethnic enclave, a socially distinct area, is associated with lower gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, yet exposure to high levels of air pollution, including volatile organic compounds (VOCS), is associated with increased GDM risk. We examined the joint effects of ethnic enclaves and VOCs to better understand GDM risk among API women, the group with the highest prevalence of GDM.Methods: We examined 9,069 API births in the Consortium on Safe Labor (19 hospitals, 2002-2008). API ethnic enclaves were defined as areas ≥66th percentile for percent API residents, dissimilarity (geographic dispersal of API and White residents), and isolation (degree that API individuals interact with another API individual). High levels of 14 volatile organic compounds (VOC) were defined as ≥75th percentile. Four joint categories were created for each VOC: Low VOC/Enclave (reference group), Low VOC/No Enclave, High VOC/Enclave, High VOC/No Enclave. GDM was reported in medical records. Hierarchical logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between joint exposures and GDM, adjusted for maternal factors and area-level poverty. Risk was estimated for 3-months preconception and first trimester exposures.Results: Enclave residence was associated with lower GDM risk regardless of VOC exposure. Preconception benzene exposure was associated with increased risk when women resided outside enclaves [High VOC/No Enclave (OR:3.45, 95%CI:1.77,6.72)], and the effect was somewhat mitigated within enclaves, [High VOC/Enclave (OR:2.07, 95%:1.09,3.94)]. Risks were similar for 12 of 14 VOCs during preconception and 10 of 14 during the first trimester.Conclusions: API residence in non-enclave areas is associated with higher GDM risk, regardless of VOC level. Ethnic enclave residence may mitigate effects of VOC exposure, perhaps due to lower stress levels. The potential benefit of ethnic enclaves warrants further study.
Assessment of surveillance core and support functions regarding neglected tropical diseases in Kenya
Authors: Ng'etich Arthur Kipkemoi Saitabau , Voyi Kuku , Mutero Clifford Maina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Effective surveillance and response systems are vital to achievement of disease control and elimination goals. Kenya adopted the revised guidelines of the integrated disease surveillance and response system in 2012. Previous assessments of surveillance system core and support functions in Africa are limited to notifiable diseases with minimal attention given to neglected tropical diseases amenable to preventive chemotherapy (PC-NTDs). The study aimed to assess surveillance system core and support functions relating to PC-NTDs in Kenya.Methods: A mixed method cross-sectional survey was adapted involving 192 health facility workers, 50 community-level health workers and 44 sub-national level health personnel. Data was collected using modified World Health Organization generic questionnaires, observation checklists and interview schedules. Descriptive summaries, tests of associations using Pearson’s Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests and mixed effects regression models were used to analyse quantitative data. Qualitative data derived from interviews with study participants were coded and analysed thematically.Results: Surveillance core and support functions in relation to PC-NTDs were assessed in comparison to an indicator performance target of 80%. Optimal performance reported on specimen handling (84%; 100%), reports submission (100%; 100%) and data analysis (84%; 80%) at the sub-county and county levels respectively. Facilities achieved the threshold on reports submission (84%), reporting deadlines (88%) and feedback (80%). However, low performance reported on case definitions availability (60%), case registers (19%), functional laboratories (52%) and data analysis (58%). Having well-equipped laboratories (3.07, 95% CI: 1.36, 6.94), PC-NTDs provision in reporting forms (3.20, 95% CI: 1.44, 7.10) and surveillance training (4.15, 95% CI: 2.30, 7.48) were associated with higher odds of functional surveillance systems. Challenges facing surveillance activities implementation revealed through qualitative data were in relation to surveillance guidelines and reporting tools, data analysis, feedback, supervisory activities, training and resource provision.Conclusion: There was evidence of low-performing surveillance functions regarding PC-NTDs especially at the peripheral surveillance levels. Case detection, registration and confirmation, reporting, data analysis and feedback performed sub-optimally at the facility and community levels. Additionally, support functions including standards and guidelines, supervision, training and resources were particularly weak at the sub-national level. Improved PC-NTDs surveillance performance sub-nationally requires strengthened capacities.
Improve Management of Mental Well-being and Empathy in Chinese Medical Students: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Rong Rong , Chen Wei , Dai Zihao , Gu Jingli , Chen Weiying , Zhou Yanbin , Xiao Haipeng , Kuang Ming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The Chinese medical students suffer from high prevalent mental health-related issues and low empathy. Effective strategies to improve the situations are lacking. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the well-designed interventional courses to enhance the mental health and empathy of the senior Chinese medical students. Methods: A total of 146 3rd and 4th year medical students were randomized to intervention group (n=74) and control group (n=72). A pilot study including 5 pre-clinical students and 5 interns was first carried out to determine the themes and contents of the interventional courses. The designed courses were delivered in the intervention group once a month for three times, while the control group had no specific intervention. Five self-assessment questionnaires including the General Self-Efficacy (GSE), Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 8 (SF-8), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Care Provider Student version (JSE-HPS) that separately evaluated the level of self-efficacy (SE), quality of life (QoL), depression, burnout, and empathy were completed by the students before and one month after the courses. Qualitative data were collected via e-mails two year after the intervention.Results: Compared to the control group, the interventional group showed significantly higher scores of the empathy (111.0 [IQR 102.0, 118.0] vs 106.0 [IQR 93.0, 111.5]; P = .01) and QoL (32.0 [IQR 28.0, 35.0] vs 29.5 [IQR 26.0, 34.0]; P = .04). The rate of depression was significantly decreased in the interventional group compared to that in the control group (13.5% vs 29.2%; Chi-square test, P = .02). However, no significant differences of self-efficacy (25.6 ± 4.8 vs 24.3 ± 6.3; P = .16) and burnout (27.0% vs 34.7%; Chi-square test, P = .31) were observed between the two groups.Conclusions: The well-designed interventional courses had a positive impact on the mental well-being and empathy in senior Chinese medical students, which may help provide novel information for incorporation into the medical school curriculum.
Phages from Ganges River curtail in vitro biofilms and planktonic growth of drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a zebrafish infection model
Authors: Sundaramoor Niranjana Sri , Thothathri Subramanian , Bhaskaran Muthu Meenakshi , GaneshPrasad ArunKumar , Nagarajan Saisubramanian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Bacteriophages are a promising alternative for curtailing infections caused by multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The objective of the present study is to evaluate phage populations from water bodies to inhibit planktonic and biofilm mode of growth of drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and curtail planktonic growth in vivo in a zebrafish model. Phage specific to K. pneumoniae (MTCC 432) was isolated from Ganges River (designated as KpG). One-step growth curve, in vitro time kill curve study and in vivo infection model were performed to evaluate the ability of phage to curtail planktonic growth. Crystal violet assay and colony biofilm assay were performed to determine the action of phages on biofilms. KpG phages had a greater burst size, better bactericidal potential and enhanced inhibitory effect against biofilms formed at liquid air and solid air interfaces. In vitro time kill assay showed a 3 log decline and a 6 log decline in K. pneumoniae colony counts, when phages were administered individually and in combination with streptomycin, respectively. In vivo injection of KpG phages revealed that it did not pose any toxicity to zebrafish as evidenced by liver/brain enzyme profiles and by histopathological analysis. The muscle tissue of zebrafish, infected with K. pneumoniae and treated with KpG phages alone and in combination with streptomycin showed a significant 77.7% and 97.2 % decline in CFU/ml, respectively, relative to untreated control. Our study reveals that KpG phages has the potential to curtail plantonic and biofilm mode of growth in vivo in higher animal models.
Evaluation of Automated Microvascular Flow Analysis Software AVA 4: A Validation Study
Authors: Guay Christian S. , Khebir Mariam , Shahiri Shiva , Szilagyi Ariana , Cole Erin Elizabeth , Bracco David , Simoneau Gabrielle , Badawy Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Real-time automated analysis of videos of the microvasculature is an essential step in the development of research protocols and clinical algorithms that incorporate point-of-care microvascular analysis. In response to the call for validation studies of available automated analysis software by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and building on a previous validation study in sheep, we report the first human validation study of AVA 4.METHODS:Two retrospective perioperative datasets of human microcirculation videos (P1 and P2) and one prospective healthy volunteer dataset (V1) were used in this validation study. Video quality was assessed using the modified Microcirculation Image Quality Selection (MIQS) score. Videos were initially analyzed with (1) AVA software 3.2 by two experienced investigators using the gold standard semi-automated method, followed by an analysis with (2) AVA automated software 4.1. Microvascular variables measured were perfused vessel density (PVD), total vessel density (TVD), and proportion of perfused vessels (PPV). Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to measure agreement between the two methods. Each method’s ability to discriminate between microcirculatory states before and after induction of general anesthesia was assessed using paired t-tests. RESULTS: Fifty-two videos from P1, 128 videos from P2 and 26 videos from V1 met inclusion criteria for analysis. Correlational analysis and Bland Altman analysis revealed poor agreement and no correlation between AVA 4.1 and AVA 3.2. Following the induction of general anesthesia, TVD and PVD measured using AVA 3.2 increased significantly for P1 (p < 0.05) and P2 (p < 0.05). However, these changes could not be replicated with the data generated by AVA 4.1. CONCLUSIONS: AVA 4.1 is not a suitable tool for research or clinical purposes at this time. Future validation studies of automated microvascular flow analysis software should aim to measure the new software’s agreement with the gold standard, its ability to discriminate between clinical states and the quality thresholds at which its performance becomes unacceptable.
Transcriptome dynamics in early in vivo developing and in vitro produced porcine embryos
Authors: Weijden Vera A van der , Schmidhauser Meret , Kurome Mayuko , Flöter Veronika L , Knubben Johannes , Wolf Eckhard , Ulbrich Susanne 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The transcriptional changes around the time of embryonic genome activation in pre-implantation embryos indicate that this process is highly dynamic. In vitro produced porcine blastocysts are known to be less competent than in vivo developed blastocysts. To understand the conditions that compromise developmental competence of in vitro embryos, it is crucial to evaluate the transcriptional profile of porcine embryos during pre-implantation stages. In this study, we investigated the transcriptome dynamics in in vivo developed and in vitro produced 4-cell embryos, morulae and hatched blastocysts. Results: In vivo developed and in vitro produced embryos displayed largely similar transcriptome profiles during development. Enriched canonical pathways from the 4-cell to the morula transition that were shared between in vivo developed and in vitro produced embryos included oxidative phosphorylation and EIF2 signaling. The shared canonical pathways from the morula to the hatched blastocyst transition were 14-3-3-mediated signaling, xenobiotic metabolism general signaling pathway, and NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response. The in vivo developed and in vitro produced hatched blastocysts were compared to identify molecular signaling pathways indicative of lower developmental competence of in vitro produced hatched blastocysts. A higher metabolic rate and expression of the arginine transporter SLC7A1 were found in in vitro produced hatched blastocysts. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that embryos with compromised developmental potential are arrested at an early stage of development, while embryos developing to the hatched blastocyst stage display largely similar transcriptome profiles, irrespective of the embryo source. The hatched blastocysts derived from the in vitro fertilization-pipeline showed an enrichment in molecular signaling pathways associated with lower developmental competence, compared to the in vivo developed embryos.
Photoelectronic Properties of End-bonded InAsSb Nanowire Array Detector under Weak Light
Authors: Yao Xiaomei , Zhang Xutao , Kang Tingting , Song Zhiyong , Sun Qiang , Wei Dongdong , Zou Jin , Chen Pingping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A simple fabrication of end-bonded contacts InAsSb NW (nanowire) array detector to weak light is demonstrated in this study. The detector is fabricated using InAsSb NW array grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrate. The MIGS (metal-induced gap states) is induced by the end-bonded contact which suppresses the dark current at various temperatures. The existence of the interface dipole due to the interfacial gap states enhances the light excitation around the local field, thus upgrade the photo responsivity and photo detectivity to the weak light. The light intensity of the infrared light source in this report is 14 nW/cm2 which is about 3 to 4 orders of magnitude less than the laser source. The responsivity of the detector has reached 28.57 A/W at room temperature with the light (945 nm) radiation, while the detectivity is 4.81×1011 cm·Hz1/2 W−1. Anomalous temperature-dependent performance emerges at the variable temperature experiments, and we discussed the detailed mechanism behind the non-linear relationship between the photoresponse of the device and temperatures. Besides, the optoelectronic characteristics of the detector clarified that the light trapping effect and photogating effect of the NWs can enhance the photoresponse to the weak light across ultraviolet to near-infrared. These results highlight the feasibility of the InAsSb NW array detector to the infrared weak light without a cooling system.
Penggunaan Metode QFD Menerjemahkan Suara Konsumen Untuk Pengembangan Lip Product Lavine Beaute
Authors: Kurniawan Shelvy , Nahdi Nabila Dian 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to bridge the literature gap to examine factors that influence customers in buying a beauty product especially product quality. The type of research used is descriptive. The use of the method in this study is the quality function deployment (QFD) method which has 6 parts namely; customer needs, technical attributes, relationship matrix, technical assessment, correlation matrix, and competitive assessment. The findings of this study are the attributes that meet BPOM standards, ingredients performance, and the probability of failure become one of the attributes that have the highest value on the part of customer needs that can meet customer satisfaction in product development.
Monitoring Adherence Rate to Growth Hormone Therapy and Growth Outcomes in Taiwanese Children Using Easypod Connect: Observational Study
Authors: Su Pen-Hua , Yang Chen , Chao Mei-Chyn , Chiang Chung-Lin 
Published: January 2021

Background
Adherence to growth hormone therapy is difficult to detect reliably. Devices such as easypod have been developed for electronic recording of injections. The easypod connect observational study (ECOS) was an open-label, observational, multinational, phase IV study conducted in 24 countries around the world. The final results from ECOS in the Taiwanese cohort are reported in this paper.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the adherence and long-term outcomes of growth hormone therapy in pediatric subjects using the easypod electromechanical device.

Methods
Subjects (aged 2-18 years or >18 years without fusion of growth plates) who received Saizen (recombinant human growth hormone, somatropin) via the easypod device were enrolled in this study. The primary objective was to assess the level of adherence in subjects receiving Saizen via easypod.

Results
In Taiwan, a total of 35 and 13 children fulfilled the criteria of full analysis set and complete analysis set, respectively. The mean (SD) age of the complete analysis set was 12.08 (2.72) years. All subjects were growth hormone–naïve, with 38% (5/13) females. The mean adherence rates of 13 subjects were 87.6% at 3 months and 84.3% at 6 months, that of 8 subjects was 81.0% at 9 months, and that of 4 subjects was 91.6% at 1 year. After 1 year of treatment, subjects had a median (Q1:Q3) change in height SD score of 0.30 (0.06:0.48), median height velocity of 6.50 (4.33:8.24) cm/year, and median change in height velocity SD score of 1.81 (–0.04:3.52).

Conclusions
With the easypod device, patients with inadequate adherence and poor response to treatment can be identified. Adherence to growth hormone therapy administered via easypod was generally high in the first year of treatment but the adherence gradually decreased over time. Overall, growth outcomes after 1 year indicated a positive growth response to growth hormone treatment. Future efforts should be focused on personalized management of adherence by using the easypod system.
Testing a detailed classification scheme for land-cover/ land-use mapping of typical Indonesian landscapes: case study of Sarolangun, Jambi and Salatiga, Central Java
Authors: Danoedoro Projo , Ananda Irvan Nurrahman , Kartika Candra Sari Djati , Umela Assyria F , Indayani Alvidita Beatrix 
Published: January 2021

Land-cover/land-use (LCLU) mapping is an important activity to produce very useful information to support various sectors, such as land supply, spatial planning, disaster mitigation, and agricultural development. In Indonesia, a LCLU classification scheme has been developed at a scale of 1: 50,000, but it still requires an evaluation due to its advantages and limitations. This study tried to apply a classification scheme for LCLU-based on SNI 7645-1 2014 for two regions in Indonesia with different landscape characteristics, i.e. Sarolangun in Jambi and Salatiga and surroundings in Central Java.. The trial was conducted by developing methods of Landsat-8 satellite image analysis and interpretation combining digital processing and manual delineation. Based on this research, a number of 52 LCLU classes were identified in Sarolanguni and 32 classes were found in Salatiga and surrounding areas. The validation showed that the LCLU map of Jambi region reached 80.75.% of total accuracy, while that of Salatiga and surroundings reached 88.7%. Different accuracies found related to the number of classes produced, the pattern of relationship between LCLU with the existing landform characteristics, and the quality of images due to cloud cover.
Woody debris production and deposition during floods at extreme rainfall period 2012-2013 in Yabe and Tsuwano River Basin, Japan
Authors: Rusyda Muhammad Islamy , Ikematsu Sinya , Hashimoto Haruyuki 
Published: January 2021

The behavior of woody debris has become a critical issue in river dynamics. It is still not widely understood, particularly during a flood event. Field investigations were performed to investigate the characteristics of woody debris production and deposition during the 2012 and 2013 floods in Yabe and Tsuwano River Basin, Japan. Ground-level photos, aerial photos, and direct measurements were used to measure the length and diameter of woody debris, characteristics of obstacles (length. width, diameter, and shape). These investigations revealed that woody debris deposition was divided into two types: the rest of individual woody debris pieces on the riverside slope or floodplain and the formation of a woody debris jam at obstacles such as bridges, riparian trees, houses, and irregular topographic relief. Individual woody debris pieces at the production sites are around two times longer than those at the deposition sites. However, the variation coefficient of piece length at the production sites is smaller than that at the deposition site. Our results also show that the most extended piece in the jam and horizontal scale of the obstacle are two essential factors in jam formation. An empirical equation for predicting the apparent volume of jam at an obstacle is also proposed.
Approach coping dan belanja kompulsif pakaian dengan program studi sebagai variabel moderator
Authors: Djudiyah Djudiyah 
Published: January 2021

Objektif:Pandemi Covid 19 yang mewabah di seluruh dunia saat ini berdampak pada cara individu dalam melakukan berbagai macam aktivitas, salah satunya dalam melakukan pembelanjaan. Banyaknya aktivitas individu yang dilakukan di rumah dan penggunaan IT dengan intensitas tinggi mendorong pesatnya perkembangan e-marketing dan maraknya pembelanjaan online. Pesatnya perkembangan fashion di Indonesia membuat mahasiswi mudah terpengaruh iklan atau teman, sehingga mendorong mereka melakukan pembelanjaan pakaian secara kompulsif. Mahasiswi dengan approach coping tinggi cenderung rasional dalam berbelanja sehingga mereka memiliki kecenderungan rendah untuk melakukan belanja kompulsif pakaian. Apalagi bila mereka sedang menempuh studi pada fakultas eksakta, yang cenderung banyak menggunakan analisa sintesa dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan approach coping dengan belanja kompulsif pakaian pada mahasiswa dengan fakultas eksakta dan non eksakta sebagai variabel moderator.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 264 mahasiswi aktif Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Metode pengumpul data yang digunakan adalah skala Coping Respon Inventoty (CRI) dan skala belanja kompulsif pakaian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode analisis moderasi (Moderation Analysis) dari Hyes dengan bantuan program SPSS versi 21. Temuan: Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada hubungan negatif antara approach coping dengan belanja kompulsif pakaian pada mahasiswi. Program studi mampu memoderasi hubungan antara approach coping dengan belanja kompulsif pakaian pada mahasiswi.Kesimpulan:Hipotesis penelitian diterima