bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Small Incision Trabeculectomy Avoiding Tenon's Capsule With Conventional Trabeculectomy
Authors: Das J C , Sharma Pankaj , Chaudhuri Zia , Bhomaj Sharad 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the results of small incision trabeculectomy (SIT) avoiding Tenon's capsule vis-à-vis conventional trabeculectomy, and find a safe, effective alternative to conventional trabeculectomy with or without pharmacological wound modulation.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A controlled prospective study was conducted on 80 consecutive openangle glaucoma patients requiring glaucoma filtration surgery. They were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 40): patients undergoing conventional trabeculectomy; and Group II (n = 40): patients undergoing limbal approach SIT. Patients were followed up serially for a minimum of 12 months and their intraocular pressure was monitored. Success of the procedure was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) <22 mm Hg with no additional antiglaucoma médication or surgery, and achieving at least a 30% reduction from the initial IOP at which optic disc cupping and/or visual field changes occurred.
RESULTS: A significant fall (P <0.0001) in the final mean IOP was present in both groups at all time intervals in comparison to their preoperative values. The final mean intraocular pressure achieved with conventional trabeculectomy was 18.90 ± 4.86 mm Hg versus 16.60 ± 5.93 mm Hg with SIT. The final success rate of 90% was obtained with SIT vs 80% with conventional trabeculectomy. No major complications were encountered with either procedure although complications such as shallow anterior chamber and progression of cataractogenesis were seen more often in patients undergoing conventional trabeculectomy.
CONCLUSION: Small incision trabeculectomy avoiding Tenons capsule is a low-cost and safe alternative to conventional trabeculectomy that effectively reduces IOP in 90% of cases. The use of a small 2.5 mm limbal incision, which obviates the dissection of Tenons capsule and absence of any major complication, suggests that this procedure be used more often in glaucomatous eyes needing filtering surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:30-36]
Treating Cytomegalovirus Retinitis-Related Retinal Detachment By Combining Silicone Oil Tamponade and Ganciclovir Implant
Authors: Martidis Adam , Danis Ronald P , Ciulla Thomas A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: With the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil infusion in treating cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis-related retinal detachment and the success of the ganciclovir implant in controlling CMV retinitis, we sought to evaluate the possible benefits of combining these two procedures in one surgical operation.* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 10 patients was conducted. Each patient was diagnosed with a CMV retinitis-related retinal detachment and treated with pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil infusion, with simultaneous placement of a ganciclovit implant. Parameters evaluated included location of retinal detachment, reattachment rate, preand post-operative Snellen visual acuity, pre- and postoperative CMV retinitis activity and location, and complications of the combined procedure.* RESULTS: Overall anatomic reattachment was achieved in all 10 patients. Four patients presented with macular involvement of their retinal detachments. Three of these patients experienced significant postoperative improvement in visual acuity. Surgery preserved visual acuity in the 6 patients who presented with macula attached. Best postoperative acuity was better than or equal to 20/100 in 7 (70%) patients. All 3 CMV retinitis patients with inactive retinitis preoperatively remained free of retinitis for the duration of follow up. At last follow up, 8/10 (80%) showed no active CMV retinitis and no patients experienced progression of their retinitis.* CONCLUSIONS: Results of this series indicate that patients benefit from excellent anatomic reattachment rates, preservation or improvement of visual acuity in most cases, and extended control of their CMV retinitis. Combining the two procedures appears viable. Further study is warranted to assess definitive anatomic and functional outcomes resulting from this new technique.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:135-139.]
Electrical Cataract: A Case Study
Authors: Chaudhuri Zia , Pandey Pramod K , Bhatia Amit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A case of bilateral cataract sustained after electrical trauma was seen in a referral practice. We examined a young patient with dense anterior and posterior subcapsular cataract in his right eye and pseudophakia in his left eye who gave a history of gradually progressive painless loss of vision after sustaining injury from a high voltage electric current. Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation was performed in his right eye. Visual rehabilitation in both eyes after ECCE with PCIOL implantation was good with the patient attaining uncorrected visual acuity of 20/30 in both eyes postoperatively. It appears that the surgical results and visual rehabilitation after ECCE with PCIOL implantation in patients with electrical cataract without any other ocular damage is excellent.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002:33;166-168]
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Reduces Visual Field Defect After Macular Hole Surgery
Authors: Kuroki Akiko Mera , Kitaoka Takashi , Taniguchi Hiroyasu , Amemiya Tsugio 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the serious complications that may arise after macular hole (MH) surgery is a temporal visual fields (TVF) defect. We hypothesized that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy improves the visual field (VF) in these patients.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vitrectomy for MH was performed on 73 eyes from 1994 to 1997. TVF defect was detected in 19 eyes and, ofthat 19, 12 patients were followed. Seven patients were treated with HBO therapy and 5 were controls. HBO was performed for approximately 110 minutes a day with 100% oxygen inhalation and a maximum of 2.8 atmospheric pressure. This continued for 20 days. The preoperative VF determined by kinetic perimetry was considered to be 100%, and the VF following HBO therapy was compared with that standard.
* RESULTS: We detected VF defect (postoperative VF area average 7 1.9 ± 12.8% of the preoperative VF). In all 5 patients who had no HBO therapy, TVF defects remained, while the TVF recovered remarkably in all patients treated with HBO therapy. The VF recovered to 81 .7- 16.7% of the preoperative VF after 3 days of HBO, and to 9 1.6 ±15.8% months after HBO therapy.
* CONCLUSION: We speculated that the cause of TVT defect is likely to be chorioretinal circulation disturbance during surgery, and that HBO activates the retinal cells and improves VF. We conclude that HBO is useful in the treatment of TVF defect after macular hole surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:200-206]
Late Postoperative Opacification of Hydrophilic Acrylic Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Oner Hakan F , Durak Ismet , Saatci Osman A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of postoperative opacification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) and discuss the surgical management.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-two eyes of 72 consecutive patients who received the same type of hydrophilic acrylic IOL (Intraocular Optical International, I.O.I., California, USA) after uneventful phacoemulsification were evaluated retrospectively. Systemic status, follow-up time, recognition time of IOL opacification, time lapse between implantation and explantation, and surgical technique during explantation were reported.
* RESULTS: IOL opacification was noted in 3 patients (4.1%). Time lapse between implantation and first recognition of opacification was 6.3 ± 1.5 months (range: 5-8 months). Two of the patients had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and both were on renal dialysis for diabetic nephropathy, whereas one had no systemic disease. Opacified hydrophilic acrylic IOLs were exchanged with Acrysof® IOL, and no further opacification occurred after lens exchange.
* CONCLUSION: Use caution on implantation of hydrophilic IOLs because late opacification is a serious complication requiring further surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:304-308]
Pars Plana Modified Baerveldt Implant Versus Neodymium:YAG Cyclophotocoagulation in the Management of Neovascular Glaucoma
Authors: Chalam Kakarla V , Gandham Sai , Gupta Shailesh , Tripathi Brenda J , Tripathi Ramesh C 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative effectiveness of neodymium:YAG cyclophotocoagulation (NCYC) and pars plana modified Baerveldt implant (PPBI) surgery on intraocular pressure (IOP) control in eyes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).
* PARTICIPANTS: In this retrospective comparative group study, 30 patients with NVG treated with contact NCYC were compared with 18 patients who underwent PPBI. Patients groups were not statistically dissimilar with respect to the underlying disordercausing angle and iris neovascularization, intraocular pressure, and patients age.
* RESULTS: During a follow up of 6 months, an IOP control of ^6 and <21 mm Hg was achieved in 23 eyes (76.6%) treated with NCYC compared with 17 eyes (94.4%) receiving PPBI (P=O. 13). Among eyes that had unsuccessful outcome in both groups, the proportions with persistently high IOP or hypotony were greater in the NCYC group than in the PPBI group. Based on our criteria, the cumulative proportion of failure in the NCYC group was 23.3% at 6 months as compared to 5.6% in the PPBI group. Seven eyes (23.3%) in the NCYC group lost fight perception versus 1 eye (5.6%) in the PPBI group. The incidence of postoperative choroidal effusion (36%) was higher in the PPBI group.
* CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in the management of NVG, PPBI surgery more frequently controls IOP in a medically acceptable range with less hypotony and greater preservation of visual acuity than NCYC.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:383-393]
Epibulbar Osseous Choristoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gayre Gregg Samuel , Proia Alan D , Dutton Jonathan J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Epibulbar osseous choristoma is a choristomatous lesion of the conjunctiva containing bone. Originally called epibulbar osteoma, this lesion was first described by von Graefe in 1863. We discuss a case of a 4-year-old patient who presented with an epibulbar lesion consistent histopathologicaliy with an epibulbar osseous choristoma, and report a review of the literature. The differential diagnosis of osseous choristoma should include classical limbal dermoids, epithelial inclusion cysts, prolapsed orbital fat, papillomas, dermolipomas, and complex choristomas. Although the rarest of epibulbar choristomas, 51 epibulbar osteomas have now been reported in the medical literature. Most commonly, this variety of choristoma presents as an isolated epibulbar lesion within the supratemporal quadrant but may occur in other locations on the surface of the globe and possibly in conjunction with other choristomatous tissue as much as 10% of the time. Frequendy, they may involve the muscle or have dense attachments to the underlying sclera. Osseous choristomas most likely represent congenital lesions with a potential for slow growth but may occur in association with trauma. Options for management include observation or surgical excision. When surgery is contemplated, preoperative radiographic imaging may be helpful for assessing adhesion to the sclera or extraocular muscles.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:410-415]
Scleral Fixation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses Using Fascia Lata to Cover the Knots
Authors: Bashshur Ziad , Ma'luf Riad , Najjar Dany , Noureddin Baha'a 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of fascia lata to cover the polypropylene knots of scleral fixated posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PCIOL).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fascia lata was used to cover the knots of scleral fixated PCIOL in 5 eyes with significant scleral thinning. Four of the 5 eyes had the PCIOL insertion and the fascia lata patching in the same setting. The fifth eye previously had scleral fixated PCIOL with late suture erosion through a partial thickness scleral flap.
* RESULTS: There was no suture exposure or graft thinning throughout a follow-up period of 8 to 16 months. The eyes tolerated the fascia lata well with no early or late postoperative complications.
* CONCLUSION: Fascia lata provides an effective means to cover the knots of scleral fixated PCIOL, especially in aphakic patients with significant scleral thinning.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:445-449]
Socket Reconstruction With Combined Mucous Membrane and Hard Palate Mucosal Grafts
Authors: Lee Alexander C , Fedorovich Irene , Heinz Grant W , Kikkawa Don O 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of combined mucous membrane and hard palate mucosal grafts in the reconstruction of contracted eye socket.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with contracted sockets underwent socket reconstructive surgery with combined mucosal membrane and hard palate mucosal grafts.
* RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 33 months. Five of 13 patients required additional surgery after initial socket reconstruction. However, all patients who underwent socket reconstruction with hard palate mucosal grafts were able to wear a cosmetically acceptable ocular prosthesis postoperatively.
* CONCLUSION: Combined mucosal membrane and hard palate mucosal grafts can be effectively used in the reconstruction of contrated sockets.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:463-468]
Neodymium:YAG Laser Surgery in the Hospital District of Southwestern Finland During the Years 1987 to 1998
Authors: Saari K Matti , Tornblom Riikka-Maija , Paasio Pekka , Tuominen Juhani 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the annual incidence rates of Neodymium:YAG laser procedures in the treatment of eye diseases.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this population-based retrospective study, we evaluated 6,040 patients treated with a Nd: YAG laser in the hospital district of southwestern Finland during the years 1987 to 1998. The corresponding annual incidence rates of different Nd: YAG laser procedures were calculated using the corrected population statistics of the hospital district.
* RESULTS: The annual incidence rates of all NdYAG laser procedures rose significandy (/*<0.0001) from 32.1 per 100,000 patients in 1987 to 169.0 per 100,000 people in 1998. A great majority of Nd: YAG patients were females with a higher median age than the males in the study (P<0.0001).
* CONCLUSION: The rise of the annual population-based incidence rates of cataract surgery with a 7% to 29% need of Nd: YAG laser capsulotomies explained the increase of all Nd: YAG laser procedures.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:475-479]
Interview Administration of PROMIS Depression and Anxiety Short Forms
Authors: Taple Bayley J. , Griffith James W. , Wolf Michael S. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Health literacy reflects a person's reading and numeracy abilities applied to understanding health-related information. These skills may influence how patients report symptoms, leading to underestimates or overestimates of symptom severity. No prior studies have examined health literacy measurement bias.

Objective:
The purpose of the current study was to determine whether PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) anxiety and depression short forms, administered by interview, capture symptoms equally across health literacy groups. We examined the psychometric properties of PROMIS anxiety and depression short forms using differential item functioning (DIF) analysis by level of health literacy.

Methods:
The sample analyzed included 888 adults, age 55 to 74 years, in Chicago, IL. Health literacy was measured using the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults. PROMIS short forms assessed anxiety and depression.

Key Results:
DIF was present in 3 of 8 depression items, and 3 of 7 anxiety items. All items flagged for DIF had lower item-slopes for people with limited health literacy.

Conclusions:

Items with DIF were less strongly related to anxiety and depression, and thus less precise. Overall, impact of DIF on PROMIS scores was negligible, likely mitigated by interview administration. Although overall test impact of health literacy was minimal, DIF analyses flagged items that were potentially too complex for people with limited health literacy. Design and validation of patient-reported surveys should incorporate respondents with a range of health literacy and methods to identify and reduce measurement bias.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(3):e196–e204.]

Plain Language Summary:
This study suggests that people with limited health literacy may respond differently to questions about depression and anxiety than people with adequate health literacy. Therefore, it is important to be aware of differences in literacy ability when creating and using questionnaires.
Potential kernels for radial Dunkl Laplacians
Authors: Graczyk P. , Luks T. , Sawyer P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe derive two-sided bounds for the Newton and Poisson kernels of the W-invariant Dunkl Laplacian in the geometric complex case when the multiplicity
$k(\alpha )=1$
i.e., for flat complex symmetric spaces. For the invariant Dunkl–Poisson kernel
$P^{W}(x,y)$
, the estimates are
$$ \begin{align*} P^{W}(x,y)\asymp \frac{P^{\mathbf{R}^{d}}(x,y)}{\prod_{\alpha> 0 \ }|x-\sigma_{\alpha} y|^{2k(\alpha)}}, \end{align*} $$
where the
$\alpha $
’s are the positive roots of a root system acting in
$\mathbf {R}^{d}$
, the
$\sigma _{\alpha }$
’s are the corresponding symmetries and
$P^{\mathbf {R}^{d}}$
is the classical Poisson kernel in
${\mathbf {R}^{d}}$
. Analogous bounds are proven for the Newton kernel when
$d\ge 3$
.The same estimates are derived in the rank one direct product case
$\mathbb {Z}_{2}^{N}$
and conjectured for general W-invariant Dunkl processes.As an application, we get a two-sided bound for the Poisson and Newton kernels of the classical Dyson Brownian motion and of the Brownian motions in any Weyl chamber.
Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Laboratory Specimens
Authors: Haddock Elaine , Feldmann Friederike , Shupert W. Lesley , Feldmann Heinz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.The burden on diagnostic and research laboratories to provide reliable inactivation for biological specimens to allow for safe downstream processing is high during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We provide safety data regarding commonly used chemical and physical inactivation procedures that verify their effectiveness against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Attitude and perception of orthodontic patients to orthodontic treatment time and accelerated orthodontics.
Authors: Umeh O.D , Isiekwe I.G , DaCosta O.O , Sanu O.O , Utomi I.L , Izuka M 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the a􀄴itude and perception of orthodontic patients to the duration of orthodontic treatment and the procedures for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. The study population was made up of patients undergoing fixed appliance orthodontic treatment at the Orthodontic Unit of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. A convenience sampling technique was used and data collection was via selfadministered questionnaires and an information sheet. The questionnaires assessed patients' knowledge of accelerated orthodontic procedures as well as their perception of orthodontic treatment time and willingness to undergo some accelerated orthodontic treatment procedures. The procedures evaluated included corticotomy, piezocision, micro-osteoperforation, laser therapy, local administration of injections and use of vibrations.Results: One hundred orthodontic patients (n=100, adolescents, 46%; adults, 54%) were surveyed comprising 36 males and 64 females. Most of the participants (88%) had never heard of accelerated orthodontics. A majority of respondents (75%) believed that orthodontic treatment time was too long, and were willing to undergo additional procedures to reduce treatment time (81%). Subjects' willingness to undergo the procedures were inversely proportional to the degree of its invasiveness for all groups, with at least a third of the patients willing to accept a 10% increase in treatment fees for a reduction in treatment time across all techniques surveyed.Conclusion: The orthodontic patients surveyed considered treatment time protracted and were interested in undergoing adjunctive orthodontic procedures to accelerate tooth movement, with a consequent increase in treatment cost. They, however, had a limited knowledge of the different methods of accelerating orthodontic treatment.
Key words: Accelerated orthodontics, orthodontic treatment time
Political Protest Songs and Actual Protest Values: Analysis of Fela’s “Sorrow, Tears & Blood” and Bob Marley’s “Stand up, Get up”
Authors: Eesuola OS 
Published: April 2021

Political protest and songs have had inseparable relationship from time immemorial, but the Actual Protest Value of songs, that is, the exact aspects where songs exert their greatest influence in protest, are yet to attract high scholarly attention. This is what the current paper tries to locate through Fela Anikulapo Kuti's Sorrow, Tears and Blood and Bob Marley’s Stand up, Get up, using in-depth analysis of the songs' lyrics plus opinion survey of their listeners. Finding is that the actual protest values of the two songs are high in meditation upon protest problem and sustenance of ongoing protests, but very low in igniting protests on their own. Most people who listen to the two musicians' songs are mere fans of their music, not adherents of their lyrics. The analysis is used to explain the inability of Fela and Marley to ignite mass uprising in Africa through their many protest songs. The conclusion is that song is a weak trigger of protest, but it plays a very big role in sustaining resistance. Key words: Songs, Music, Protest, Actual Protest Value, Politics, Protest Songs.
Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Google Classroom Terhadap Karakter Kemandirian dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik di Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Ma’arif Mahmuda , Murdiono Mukhamad 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran online menggunakan aplikasi Google Classroom terhadap karakter kemandirian peserta didik di Sekolah Menengah Pertama dan mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran online menggunakan aplikasi Google Classroom terhadap hasil belajar PPKn peserta didik di Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari penggunaan aplikasi google classroom terhadap karakter kemandirian peserta didik kelas VIII SMP dan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari penggunaan aplikasi google classroom terhadap tingkat hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VIII SMP