bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Implicit Discontinuous Galerkin Chimera Method for Unsteady Laminar Flow Problems with Multiple Bodies
Authors: Genuit Fabian , Keßler Manuel , Krämer Ewald 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe compressible Navier‐Stokes (NS) equations are spatially discretized with the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method and an implicit backward differentiation formula of second order is used for the temporal discretization. The Chimera method is employed to realize a simple grid generation for complex technical applications consisting of multiple parts. Therefore, non‐trivial overlapping grid areas could occur in the numerical setup which require a robust implementation of the Chimera method. The flow around two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement serves as a validation case and reveals promising results for several configurations compared to reference data in literature.
Shape optimised geometries for ductile damaging materials
Authors: Guhr Fabian , Barthold Franz-Joseph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractShape optimisation is utilised to generate damage resistant structures. By means of a variational approach, the analytical gradients for an elasto‐plastic material model with regularised damage properties are derived. Due to the complexity of the underlying material model, the application of the variational approach requires additional handling of the history field. The gradients are then used for Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) which is applied to shape optimisation and thus generation of damage optimised geometries.
Recursion relations for hp‐FEM Element Matrices on quadrilaterals
Authors: Haubold Tim , Pillwein Veronika , Beuchler Sven 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper we consider higher order shape functions for finite elements on quadrilaterals. Using tensor products of suitable Jacobi polynomials, it can be proved that the corresponding mass and stiffness matrices are sparse with respect to polynomial degree p . Due to the orthogonal relations between Jacobi polynomials the exact values of the entries of mass and stiffness matrix can be determined. Using symbolic computation, we can find simple recurrence relations which allow us to compute the remaining nonzero entries in optimal arithmetic complexity. Besides the H1 case also the conformal basis functions for H(Div) and H(Curl) are investigated.
Damage identification in concrete using multiscale computational modeling and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Vu Giao , Timothy Jithender J. , Saenger Erik H. , Meschke Günther 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConcrete is a composite material with heterogeneities across multiple length scales. Degradation of concrete due to external loadings starts with diffuse microcracking, followed by damage localization that eventually leads to structural failure. Identification of damage at an early stage of degradation reduces the costs associated with maintenance of the structure. Weak changes can be detected using diffuse ultrasonic waves (so‐called Coda waves). In this contribution, a virtual testing environment for the assessment of concrete damage using coda waves is presented. The virtual test environment combines multiscale computational modeling of concrete damage, modeling of ultrasonic wave propagation, and supervised learning. At the scale of mortar material, microcrack growth is modelled using a combination of continuum micromechanics and linear elastic fracture mechanics. The micromechanics model is incorporated into a reduced‐order Lippmann‐Schwinger based mesomodel for concrete. Synthetic concrete specimens at various damage levels are generated using the multiscale damage model and subsequently these specimens are subjected to wave propagation analysis using the rotated staggered‐grid‐finite‐difference scheme. A convolutional neural network (CNN) based supervised learning framework is further employed to classify damage given the coda signals.
Photosynthesis, yield, energy balance, and water‐use of intercropped maize and soybean
Authors: Pelech Elena A. , Alexander Brendan C. S. , Bernacchi Carl J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBy 2050, the U.S. Corn Belt will likely face a 23% increase in leaf‐to‐air vapor pressure deficit (VPDL), the driving force of evapotranspiration (ET), which may restrict maize yield improvements for rainfed agroecosystems. Alternative cropping systems, such as maize and legume intercrops, have previously demonstrated yield and resource‐use advantages over monocultures. In this study, the residual energy balance approach was used to gain insights into how an additive simultaneous maize and soybean intercrop system regulates ET and water‐use efficiency (WUE) compared to standard maize and soybean monoculture systems of the U.S. Corn Belt. Experimental field plots were rain‐fed and arranged in a randomized complete block design in three blocks. Photosynthetic capacity and grain yield of maize were conserved in the intercrop. However, its competitive dominance shaded 80%–90% of incident light for intercropped soybean at canopy closure, leading to a 94% decrease in grain yield compared to soybean monoculture. The total grain yield per unit area of the additive intercrop (land‐use efficiency) increased by 11% ± 6% (1 SE). Compared to maize monoculture, the intercrop had higher latent heat fluxes (λET) at night but lower daytime λET as the intercrop canopy surface temperature was approximately .25°C warmer, partitioning more energy to sensible heat flux. However, the diel differences in λET fluxes were not sufficient to establish a statistically significant or biologically relevant decrease in seasonal water‐use (ΣET). Likewise, the increase in land‐use efficiency by the intercrop was not sufficient to establish an increase in seasonal water‐use efficiency. Intercropping high‐performing maize and soybean cultivars in a dense configuration without negative impact suggests that efforts to increase yield and WUE may lead to improved benefits.
Open Government Data: The OECD's Swiss army knife in the transformation of government
Authors: Valli Buttow Clarissa , Weerts Sophie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOpen Government Data (OGD) has been framed as a collection of tools enabling the achievement of diverse goals: to increase transparency and thus improve democracy, to boost economic development, and to enhance the efficiency of public services. To investigate the evolution of OGD, this study focuses on the work of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). To identify the underlying values and multiple purposes of OGD, we propose a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) study, which aims to show how OGD has been forged and how the expectations towards it have evolved. This paper aims to contribute to the existing literature, offering a critical perspective of the OECD's work on OGD, as well as developing a more nuanced understanding of OGD's conceptual features. Finally, the study reveals the emergence of a data‐driven government model, paving the way for further research on its effects on Public Administration and Public Law.
An expert panel Delphi consensus statement on the use of palliative care in the management of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Wilson Melisa , Anguiano Rebekah H. , Awdish Rana L. A. , Coons James C. , Kimber Amy , Morrison Melissa , Paulus Sara , Schmit Ann , Spexarth Frank , Swetz Keith M. , Verlinden Nathan J. , Whittenhall Mary E. , Sketch Margaret R. , Broderick Meredith , Brewer Jacqueline 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains high and referral to palliative or supportive care (P/SC) specialist services is recommended when appropriate. However, access to P/SC is frequently a challenge for patients with a noncancer diagnosis and few patients living with PAH report P/SC involvement in their care. A modified Delphi process of three questionnaires completed by a multidisciplinary panel (N = 15) was used to develop expert consensus statements regarding the use of P/SC to support patients with PAH. Panelists rated their agreement with each statement on a Likert scale. There was a strong consensus that patients should be referred to P/SC when disease symptoms become unmanageable or for end‐of‐life care. Services that achieved consensus were pain management techniques, end‐of‐life care, and psychosocial recommendations. Palliative or supportive care should be discussed with patients, preferably in‐person, when disease symptoms become unmanageable, when starting treatment, when treatment‐related adverse events occur or become refractory to initial intervention. Care partners and patient support groups were considered important in improving a patient's overall health outcomes, treatment adherence, and perception of care. Most patients with PAH experience cognitive and/or psychosocial changes and those who receive psychosocial management have better persistence and/or compliance with their treatment. These consensus statements provide guidance to healthcare providers on the “who and when” of referral to palliative care services, as well as the importance of focusing on the psychosocial aspects of patient care and quality of life.
Ventricular mass discriminates pulmonary arterial hypertension as redefined at the Sixth World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Simpson Catherine E. , Kolb Todd M. , Hsu Steven , Zimmerman Stefan L. , Corona‐Villalobos Celia P. , Mathai Stephen C. , Damico Rachel L. , Hassoun Paul M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) measures of right ventricular (RV) mass, volumes, and function have diagnostic and prognostic value in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that RV mass‐based metrics would discriminate incident PAH as redefined by the lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) threshold of >20 mmHg at the Sixth World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (6th WSPH). Eighty‐nine subjects with suspected PAH underwent CMR imaging, including 64 subjects with systemic sclerosis (SSc). CMR metrics, including RV and left ventricular (LV) mass, were measured. All subjects underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) for assessment of hemodynamics within 48 h of CMR. Using generalized linear models, associations between CMR metrics and PAH were assessed, the best subset of CMR variables for predicting PAH were identified, and relationships between mass‐based metrics, hemodynamics, and other predictive CMR metrics were examined. Fifty‐nine subjects met 6th WSPH criteria for PAH. RV mass metrics, including ventricular mass index (VMI), demonstrated the greatest magnitude difference between subjects with versus without PAH. Overall and in SSc, VMI and RV mass measured by CMR were among the most predictive variables discriminating PAH at RHC, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.86 and 0.83. respectively. VMI increased linearly with pulmonary vascular resistance and with mPAP in PAH, including in lower ranges of mPAP associated with mild PAH. VMI ≥ 0.37 yielded a positive predictive value of 90% for discriminating PAH. RV mass metrics measured by CMR, including VMI, discriminate incident, treatment‐naïve PAH as defined by 6th WSPH criteria.
Predicting pulmonary embolism among hospitalized patients with machine learning algorithms
Authors: Ryan Logan , Maharjan Jenish , Mataraso Samson , Barnes Gina , Hoffman Jana , Mao Qingqing , Calvert Jacob , Das Ritankar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary embolisms (PE) are life‐threatening medical events, and early identification of patients experiencing a PE is essential to optimizing patient outcomes. Current tools for risk stratification of PE patients are limited and unable to predict PE events before their occurrence.ObjectiveWe developed a machine learning algorithm (MLA) designed to identify patients at risk of PE before the clinical detection of onset in an inpatient population.Materials and MethodsThree machine learning (ML) models were developed on electronic health record data from 63,798 medical and surgical inpatients in a large US medical center. These models included logistic regression, neural network, and gradient boosted tree (XGBoost) models. All models used only routinely collected demographic, clinical, and laboratory information as inputs. All were evaluated for their ability to predict PE at the first time patient vital signs and lab measures required for the MLA to run were available. Performance was assessed with regard to the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity.ResultsThe model trained using XGBoost demonstrated the strongest performance for predicting PEs. The XGBoost model obtained an AUROC of 0.85, a sensitivity of 81%, and a specificity of 70%. The neural network and logistic regression models obtained AUROCs of 0.74 and 0.67, sensitivity of 81% and 81%, and specificity of 44% and 35%, respectively.ConclusionsThis algorithm may improve patient outcomes through earlier recognition and prediction of PE, enabling earlier diagnosis and treatment of PE.
Extracellular vesicles derived from endothelial cells in hypoxia contribute to pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation in‐vitro and pulmonary hypertension in mice
Authors: Chen Tianji , Sun Miranda R. , Zhou Qiyuan , Guzman Alyssa M. , Ramchandran Ramaswamy , Chen Jiwang , Ganesh Balaji , Raj J. Usha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the lung, communication between pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVEC) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is essential for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. In pulmonary hypertension (PH), the derangement in their cell–cell communication plays a major role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling. In this study, we focused on the role of PVEC‐derived extracellular vesicles (EV), specifically their microRNA (miRNA, miR‐) cargo, in the regulation of PASMC proliferation and vascular remodeling in PH. We found that the amount of pro‐proliferative miR‐210‐3p was increased in PVEC‐derived EV in hypoxia (H‐EV), which contributes to the H‐EV‐induced proliferation of PASMC and the development of PH.
Isolation and antibiogram of Escherichia coli O157: H7 from diarrhoeic calves in urban and peri‐urban dairy farms of Hawassa town
Authors: Fesseha Haben , Mathewos Mesfin , Aliye Saliman , Mekonnen Endale 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCalf diarrhoea is the most serious issue in the livestock industry, resulting in significant financial losses.MethodsA study was undertaken in 32 urban and peri‐urban dairy farms of Hawassa town to isolate E. coli from diarrhoeic calves, assess associated putative factors related to the occurrence, and the evaluate antibacterial susceptibility patterns of isolates. A convenience sampling technique was performed for the selection of these dairy farms and calf samples. A total of 68 faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of diarrhoeic calves. The faecal samples were confirmed as E. coli O157: H7 positive using the latex agglutination test.ResultsIn this study, 47(69.1%) samples were positive for E. coli, of which 22 (46.8%) were identified as E. coli O157:H7 strains based on their latex agglutination character. Factors such as frequency of calf house cleaning, type of supplement provided, and method of colostrum feeding were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with calf diarrhoea, while the other risk factors had no significant association. Antibiogram of E. coli O157:H7 isolates showed that the isolates were highly sensitive to gentamycin, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim‐sulphamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin and were found to be resistant to tetracycline, kanamycin and amoxicillin.ConclusionOur findings revealed that calf diarrhoea is still a major health problem of calves in the study area. Hence, improved calf and farm management practice, an ad libitum quantity of colostrum, and good farm hygienic practices should be ensured. This study also revealed that some antibiotic‐resistant E. coli O157:H7 isolates need to be further investigated for their public health implications.
Saccharomyces yeast hybrids on the rise
Authors: Bendixsen Devin P. , Frazão João G. , Stelkens Rike 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSaccharomyces hybrid yeasts are receiving increasing attention as a powerful model system to understand adaptation to environmental stress and speciation mechanisms, using experimental evolution and omics techniques. We compiled all genomic resources available from public repositories of the eight recognized Saccharomyces species and their interspecific hybrids. We present the newest numbers on genomes sequenced, assemblies, annotations, and sequencing runs, and an updated species phylogeny using orthogroup inference. While genomic resources are highly skewed towards Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there is a noticeable movement to use wild, recently discovered yeast species in recent years. To illustrate the degree and potential causes of reproductive isolation, we reanalyzed published data on hybrid spore viabilities across the entire genus and tested for the role of genetic, geographic, and ecological divergence within and between species (28 cross types and 371 independent crosses). Hybrid viability generally decreased with parental genetic distance likely due to antirecombination and negative epistasis, but notable exceptions emphasize the importance of strain‐specific structural variation and ploidy differences. Surprisingly, the viability of crosses within species varied widely, from near reproductive isolation to near‐perfect viability. Geographic and ecological origins of the parents predicted cross viability to an extent, but with certain caveats. Finally, we highlight publication trends in the field and point out areas of special interest, where hybrid yeasts are particularly promising for innovation through research and development, and experimental evolution and fermentation.
On the effective lifetime of Bs → μμγ
Authors: Carvunis Alexandre , Dettori Francesco , Gangal Shireen , Guadagnoli Diego , Normand Camille 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We consider the $$ {B}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

→ μ+μ−γ effective lifetime, and the related CP-phase sensitive quantity $$ {A}_{{\Delta \Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu \gamma} $$

A

ΔΓ
s

μμγ

, as a way to obtain qualitatively new insights on the current B-decay discrepancies. Through a fit comparing pre- to post-Moriond-2021 data we identify a few theory benchmark scenarios addressing these discrepancies, and featuring large CP violation in addition. We then explore the possibility of telling apart these scenarios with $$ {A}_{{\Delta \Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu \gamma} $$

A

ΔΓ
s

μμγ

, once resonance-modeling and form-factor uncertainties are taken into account. We do so in both regions of low and high invariant di-lepton mass-squared q2. For low q2, we show how to shape the integration range in order to reduce the impact of the ϕ-resonance modelling on the $$ {A}_{{\Delta \Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu \gamma} $$

A

ΔΓ
s

μμγ

prediction. For high q2, we find that the corresponding pollution from broad-charmonium resonances has a surprisingly small effect on $$ {A}_{{\Delta \Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu \gamma} $$

A

ΔΓ
s

μμγ

. This is due to a number of cancellations, that can be traced back to the complete dominance of semi-leptonic operator contributions for high q2 — at variance with low q2 — and to $$ {A}_{{\Delta \Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu \gamma} $$

A

ΔΓ
s

μμγ

behaving like a ratio-of-amplitudes observable. Our study suggests that $$ {A}_{{\Delta \Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu \gamma} $$

A

ΔΓ
s

μμγ

is — especially at high q2 — a potentially valuable probe of short-distance CP-violating effects in the very same Wilson coefficients that are associated to current b → s discrepancies. Its discriminating power, however, relies on progress in form-factor uncertainties. Interestingly, high q2 is the region where $$ {B}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

→ μ+μ−γ is already being accessed experimentally, and the region where form factors are more accessible through non-perturbative QCD methods.
Is postoperative transanastomotic feeding beneficial in neonates with congenital duodenal obstruction?
Authors: Treider Martin , Engebretsen Anders Hauge , Skari Hans , Bjørnland Kristin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate possible positive and negative effects of postoperative use of transanastomotic feeding tube (TAFT) in neonates operated for congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO).

Methods
This is a retrospective study reviewing medical records of neonates operated for CDO during 2003–2020 and comparing postoperative feeding outcomes and complications in patients with and without TAFT. Approval from the hospital’s data protection officer was obtained.

Results
One hundred patients, 59% girls, were included, and 37% received TAFT. Mean birth weight and gestational age were 2628 (675.1) grams and 36.6 (2.4) weeks, respectively. Furthermore, 45% had no other malformations, and 36% had Down syndrome. Patient demographics were similar for TAFT and not-TAFT patients, except that not-TAFT neonates weighed median 335 g less (p = 0.013). The TAFT group got parenteral nutrition 2 days shorter (p < 0.001) and started enteral feeds 1.5 days earlier (p < 0.001) than the not-TAFT group. Fewer neonates with TAFT got a central venous catheter [65 vs 89%, (p = 0.008)]. In the TAFT group, 67% were breast fed at discharge compared to 49% in the not-TAFT group (p = 0.096).

Conclusion
Neonates with TAFT had earlier first enteral feed, fewer days with parenteral nutrition and fewer placements of central venous catheters.
Short-term preoperative drainage is associated with improved postoperative outcomes compared to that of long-term biliary drainage in pancreatic surgery
Authors: Oehme F. , Hempel S. , Pecqueux M. , Müssle B. , Hau H. M. , Teske C. , von Bechtolsheim F. , Seifert L. , Distler M. , Welsch T. , Weitz J. , Kahlert Cristoph 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The treatment of choice for patients presenting with obstructive cholestasis due to periampullary carcinoma is oncologic resection without preoperative biliary drainage (PBD). However, resection without PBD becomes virtually impossible in patients with obstructive cholangitis or severely impaired liver cell function. The appropriate duration of drainage by PBD has not yet been defined for these patients.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 170 patients scheduled for pancreatic resection following biliary drainage between January 2012 and June 2018 at the University Hospital Dresden in Germany. All patients were deemed eligible for inclusion, regardless of the underlying disease entity. The primary endpoint analysis was defined as the overall morbidity (according to the Clavien-Dindo classification). Secondary endpoints were the in-hospital mortality and malignancy adjusted overall and recurrence-free survival rates.

Results
A total of 170 patients were included, of which 45 (26.5%) and 125 (73.5%) were assigned to the short-term (< 4 weeks) and long-term (≥ 4 weeks) preoperative drainage groups, respectively.
Surgical complications (Clavien-Dindo classification > 2) occurred in 80 (47.1%) patients, with significantly fewer complications observed in the short-term drainage group (31.1% vs. 52%; p = 0.02). We found that long-term preoperative drainage (unadjusted OR, 3.386; 95% CI, 1.507–7.606; p < 0.01) and periampullary carcinoma (unadjusted OR, 5.519; 95% CI, 1.722–17.685; p-value < 0.01) were independent risk factors for postoperative morbidity, based on the results of a multivariate regression model. The adjusted overall and recurrence-free survival did not differ between the groups (p = 0.12).

Conclusion
PBD in patients scheduled for pancreatic surgery is associated with substantial perioperative morbidity. Our results indicate that patients who have undergone PBD should be operated on within 4 weeks after drainage.