bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unprecedented Impacts of Aviation Emissions on Global Environmental and Climate Change Scenario
Authors: Sher Farooq , Raore David , Klemeš Jiří Jaromír , Rafi-ul-Shan Piyya Muhammad , Khzouz Martin , Marintseva Kristina , Razmkhah Omid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere has been a continuously growing trend in international commercial air traffic, with the exception of COVID-19 crises; however, after the recovery, the trend is expected to even sharpen. The consequences of released emissions and by-products in the environment range from human health hazards, low air quality and global warming. This study is aimed to investigate the role of aviation emissions in global warming. For this purpose, data on different variables including global air traffic and growth rate, air traffic in different continents, total global CO2emissions of different airlines, direct and indirect emissions, air traffic in various UK airports and fuel-efficient aircraft was collected from various sources like EU member states, Statista, Eurostat, IATA, CAA and EUROCONTROL. The results indicated that in 2019, commercial airlines carried over 4.5 × 109passengers on scheduled flights. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the global number of passengers was reduced to 1.8 × 109, representing around a 60% reduction in air traffic. Germany was the largest contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) from the EU, releasing 927 kt of emissions in 3 years. In the UK, Heathrow airport had the highest number of passengers in 2019 with over 80 million, and the study of monthly aircraft movement revealed that Heathrow Airport also had the highest number of EU and International flights, while Edinburgh had the domestic flights in 2018. These research findings could be beneficial for airlines, policymakers and governments targeting the reduction of aircraft emissions.Graphical abstract
Survey of water supply and assessment of groundwater quality in the suburban communes of Selembao and Kimbanseke, Kinshasa in Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Kapembo Michel L. , Mukeba Florent B. , Sivalingam Periyasamy , Mukoko Johnny B. , Bokolo Mathieu K. , Mulaji Crispin K. , Mpiana Pius T. , Poté John W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn many suburban municipalities of developing countries, the household drinking water comes mainly from groundwater including, wells, streams and springs. These sources are vulnerable because poor hygienic conditions and sanitation prevail causing persistence and recurrent waterborne diseases. In this research, a survey study on water resource use and an epidemiological survey of waterborne diseases were conducted among users of water points and medical institutions in suburban communes of Selembao and Kimbanseke (Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo). In addition, physicochemical (temperature, pH, O2, electrical conductivity, and soluble ions: Na+, K+, PO43−, SO42−, NO3−, NO2−) and bacteriological (FIB: faecal indicator bacteria) analyses of water from 21 wells and springs were performed according to the seasonal variations. FIB included Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus and Total Coliforms. The survey results indicate that more than 75% of the patients admitted to local medical institutions between 2016 and 2019 are affected by waterborne diseases, including typhoid fever, amoebic dysentery, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis disorders and cholera. Except for NO3− in some sites, the water physicochemical parameter values are within WHO permissible limits for drinking/domestic water quality. On the contrary, the results revealed high FIB levels in water from unmanaged wells and springs during rainy and dry seasons. The microbiological pollution was significantly higher in the rainy season compared to the dry season. Interestingly, no FIB contamination was observed in water samples from managed/developed wells. The results from this study will guide local government decisions on improving water quality to prevent recurrent waterborne diseases.
Current experimental developments in 48 V-based CI-driven SUVs in response to expected future EU7 legislation
Authors: Kühberger Gabriel , Wancura Hannes , Nenning Lukas , Schutting Eberhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we describe experimental developments in an Exhaust Aftertreatment System (EAS) used in a four-cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) engine. To meet the carbon dioxide (CO$$_\mathrm {2}$$

2

) fleet limit values and to demonstrate a clean emission concept, the CI engine needs to be further developed in a hybridized, modern form before it can be included in the future fleet. In this work, the existing EAS was replaced by an Electrically Heated Catalyst (EHC) and a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) double-dosing system. We focused specifically on calibrating the heating modes in tandem with the electric exhaust heating, which enabled us to develop an ultra-fast light-off concept. The paper first outlines the development steps, which were subsequently validated using the Worldwide harmonized Light-duty vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). Then, based on the defined calibration, a sensitivity analysis was conducted by performing various dynamic driving cycles. In particular, we identified emission species that may be limited in the future, such as laughing gas (N$$_\mathrm {2}$$

2

O), ammonia (NH$$_\mathrm {3}$$

3

), or formaldehyde (HCHO), and examined the effects of a general, additional decrease in the limit values, which may occur in the near future. This advanced emission concept can be applied when considering overall internal engine and external exhaust system measures. In our study, we demonstrate impressively low tailpipe (TP) emissions, but also clarify the system limits and the necessary framework conditions that ensure the applicability of this drivetrain concept in this sector.
Vorgehen zur Beschreibung von menschlichem Expertenwissen und kognitiven Prozessen beim Teach-in von Industrierobotern
Authors: Darnstaedt Daniel A. , Ahrens Antje , Richter-Trummer Valentin , Todtermuschke Marcel , Bocklisch Franziska 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Erfahrungsaustausch über gute Praxis ist eine Grundvoraussetzung für das Verständnis zwischen Mensch und Technik, welches dabei hilft, dem Menschen als strategischen Entscheider und Nutzer eine optimale Unterstützung zukommen zu lassen. Um der Frage nachzugehen, was gute Praxis im Bereich der Roboterprogrammierung auszeichnet, haben die Autoren eine qualitative und deskriptive Studie mit einem Vergleich zwischenn = 2 Versuchspersonen durchgeführt. Ein Experte und ein Novize bearbeiteten dieselbe Aufgabe: das Programmieren einer Roboterbahn zum Fräsen eines Werkstückes. Mittels Eye-Tracking Analysen und videounterstützter retrospektiver Think-Aloud Interviews wurden die Vorgehensweisen beider Probanden extrahiert und das Vorgehen anschließend formalisiert beschrieben. Zusätzlich ist ein qualitativer Vergleich zwischen den Endergebnissen gezogen worden, bei dem der Experte erwartungsgemäß besser als der Novize abschnitt. Auf Basis der Think-Aloud Protokolle wurden kognitive Prozesse identifiziert, die in diesem Kontext von besonderem Interesse sein könnten. Weiterhin wurden Augenbewegungscharakteristiken zur näheren Beschreibung einiger der kognitiven Prozesse dargelegt.Praktische Relevanz: Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt ein methodisches Vorgehen zur formalisierten Beschreibung und Abbildung von menschlichem Expertenwissen beim Teach-in von Industrierobotern. Sie bildet die Basis für verschiedene zukünftige Projekte, z. B. das Erstellen von Richtlinien zum praktischen und effizienten Einlernen von Anfängern oder das Umsetzen von nutzerspezifischer Assistenz im Bereich des Teach-ins von Industrierobotern.
Komplexität und der Testungseffekt: Die mögliche Bedeutung der Verständnissicherung für den Nutzen von Abrufübung bei komplexem Lernmaterial
Authors: Rummer Ralf , Schweppe Judith 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungTestung im Sinne eines aktiven Abrufs von Informationen aus dem Langzeitgedächtnis gilt als eine der effektivsten Möglichkeiten, Wissen zu konsolidieren und so nachhaltiges Lernen zu befördern. Der Testungseffekt gilt als robust und wurde für unterschiedlichste Personengruppen und Lernmaterialien gezeigt. Allerdings wird immer wieder kontrovers diskutiert, inwieweit der Testungseffekt auch bei komplexen Lernmaterialien auftritt. Der vorliegende Beitrag reflektiert diese Debatte. Dabei wird zunächst die theoretische Position derer nachvollzogen, die den Testungseffekt vor allem auf wenig komplexe Materialien beschränkt sehen. Diese Position wird anschließend anhand einer Problematisierung des Komplexitätsbegriffs und seiner Operationalisierung kritisch diskutiert. Schließlich wird eine alternative Erklärung für das potenzielle Fehlen des Testungseffekts bei komplexen Materialien skizziert, nach der das Auftreten des Testungseffekts nur indirekt von der Komplexität des Lernstoffs bzw. Lernmaterials abhängt. Gemäß dieser Annahme ist die Voraussetzung für das Auftreten des Testungseffekts, dass der Lernstoff während des initialen Lernens (also der Phase, die der Testung vorausgeht) hinreichend gut verstanden wurde und entsprechend Informationen im Langzeitgedächtnis enkodiert wurden, deren Abruf dann in einer Testungsphase geübt werden kann. Dies kann bei komplexen Materialien eine längere initiale Lernphase oder andere Maßnahmen der Verständnissicherung erfordern als bei einfachen Materialien. Abschließend wird skizziert, wie diese Annahme experimentell überprüft werden kann und welche praktischen Implikationen sich daraus für eine möglichst lernwirksame Umsetzung von Abrufübung selbst mit komplexen Lernmaterialien ergeben.
The Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kunst- und Museumsbibliotheken (AKMB): a strong alliance of art and museum libraries
Authors: Döll Nicole 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMore than 25 years after the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kunst- und Museumsbibliotheken (AKMB) was founded – an eternity in the digital age – libraries and museums as institutions of public life are more than ever subject to fundamental transformation.The AKMB has set itself the task of offering its affiliated institutions a platform for knowledge exchange and networking. Questions about standardization in librarianship, technical equipment, formal and subject indexing as well as possibilities of exchange and support in answering these questions are in focus. It is not - in the classic sense of a library - a physical place. Nevertheless, it forms simultaneously the basis and the opportunity for art and museum libraries to orient themselves to a digital future. In this regard, it also deals itself with structural changes and its challenges.
Measuring attitudes as a complex system
Authors: Mansell Jordan , Mock Steven , Rhea Carter , Tecza Adrienne , Piereder Jinelle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe test a method for applying a network-based approach to the study of political attitudes. We use cognitive-affective mapping, an approach that visually represents attitudes as networks of concepts that an individual associates with a given issue. Using a software tool called Valence, we asked a sample of Canadians (n= 111) to draw a cognitive-affective map (CAM) of their views on the carbon tax. We treat these networks as a series of undirected graphs and examine the extent to which support for the tax can be predicted based on each graph’s emotional and structural properties. We find evidence that the emotional but not the structural properties significantly predict individuals’ attitudes toward the carbon tax. We also find associations between CAMs’ structural properties (density and centrality) and several measures of political interest. Our results provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of CAMs as a tool for studying political attitudes. The study data are available athttps://osf.io/qwpvd/?view_only=6834a1c442224e72bf45e7641880a17f
Thomas Aquinas on Christ’s Unity: Revisiting the De Unione Debate
Authors: Nutt Roger W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe claim that article four of Thomas Aquinas’s De unione verbi incarnati is a reversal of his consistently held single esse position is challenged in this paper. The article argues that reading all five articles of the De unione as a single-structured argument discloses a single esse understanding of the Incarnate Word. The very nature of the radically hypostatic union between God and man in Christ is at stake in this dispute. According to Thomas, positing a second esse in Christ not only contradicts the tradition, especially of the Christian East, that he appropriates, but it would also compromise the reality of the hypostatic union itself.
The image of the foreign squatter: British and Irish youths in the Dutch city of Leiden during the 1990s
Authors: van der Steen Bart , Nimanaj Blerina , Hendriks Elisa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBased on a systematic analysis of local mainstream and activist media, this article reconstructs conflicts over the framing of British and Irish squatters in Leiden during the 1990s. During this decade, several hundreds of English-speaking youths travelled to Leiden and surrounding villages to work as seasonal labourers. Often lacking access to regular housing, many of them resorted to squatting houses and as a result got involved in local urban development conflicts. While proprietors, neighbours, aldermen and the police all tried to gain support via the media, squatters also contacted media outlets to counter bad press. This article reconstructs the ensuing struggle over the image of the foreign squatter in Leiden's local media during the 1990s, and analyses the dynamics between the various groups that attempted to influence the squatters’ framing.
Flows and fixes: water, disease and housing in Bangalore, 1860–1915
Authors: Ramesh Aditya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing the city of Bangalore as a specific instance, this article puts together the framework of metabolic cities and techno-spheres to show how ecology and infrastructure constituted colonial cities. Divided between the colonial cantonment governed by the British and the petah or native market town/village governed by the Mysore prince, colonial medics were concerned by numerous diseases affecting the city. Attempts to control the flows of water from the cantonment to the native town proved futile. Amidst famine like conditions from the 1870s, chronic water shortages affected the city. In the 1890s, the plague struck Bangalore. The plague affected the barracks, streets, neighbourhoods and homes. Together, the diseases and water shortages led to new piped water schemes drawn from outside the city and wholesale changes in housing. The article moves beyond the framework of ‘sanitary cities’, at the confluence of colonialism, the body, fixed infrastructures and micro and macro ecological phenomena.
Protocol for a quasi-experimental study examining the effect of a ball skills intervention on four domains of preschooler development
Authors: Wu Hua , Eungpinichpong Wichai , Ruan Hui , Zhang Xinding , Wang Sansan , Ding Caijin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground:Preschooler inactivity and insufficient motor development have serious long-term consequences. The Chinese Ministry of Education launched a nationwide football-focused pilot project aimed at kindergartens in 2019 and issued the policy “Notice on the Establishment of National Football Kindergartens” in 2020. However, the impact of fundamental movement skills (FMS) interventions on other aspects of child development is unclear.Aim:This study will evaluate the effects of ball skills physical education projects on the development of Chinese preschoolers’ physical, motor, cognitive, and social competencies and examine the influencing factors.Method:This is a quasi-experimental study evaluating how well the “Hello Sunshine” curriculum project promotes children’s development over 10 weeks. The trial will be conducted from September 2021 to November 2021 in 12 classes from 3 kindergartens with a total of 249 children aged 4 to 6 years in Haikou, China. Pre- and posttest analyses will include tests on participants’ physical fitness, FMS, cognitive self-regulation, and emotional competence. Participants’ background information will be collected through questionnaires answered by parents and teachers. The intervention will focus on game-based basic ball skills.Findings:If this intervention provides evidence that these skills improve children’s multidimensional development, it will support the promotion of similar programs in China. We will also outline the social-ecological factors affecting the intervention’s results, providing further information for improving pedagogical methods related to preschool ball skills.
A dimerization-dependent mechanism regulates enzymatic activation and nuclear entry of PLK1
Authors: Raab Monika , Matthess Yves , Raab Christopher A. , Gutfreund Niklas , Dötsch Volker , Becker Sven , Sanhaji Mourad , Strebhardt Klaus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a crucial regulator of cell cycle progression. It is established that the activation of PLK1 depends on the coordinated action of Aurora-A and Bora. Nevertheless, very little is known about the spatiotemporal regulation of PLK1 during G2, specifically, the mechanisms that keep cytoplasmic PLK1 inactive until shortly before mitosis onset. Here, we describe PLK1 dimerization as a new mechanism that controls PLK1 activation. During the early G2 phase, Bora supports transient PLK1 dimerization, thus fine-tuning the timely regulated activation of PLK1 and modulating its nuclear entry. At late G2, the phosphorylation of T210 by Aurora-A triggers dimer dissociation and generates active PLK1 monomers that support entry into mitosis. Interfering with this critical PLK1 dimer/monomer switch prevents the association of PLK1 with importins, limiting its nuclear shuttling, and causes nuclear PLK1 mislocalization during the G2-M transition. Our results suggest a novel conformational space for the design of a new generation of PLK1 inhibitors.
Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases
Authors: Li Chen , Ni Yu-Qing , Xu Hui , Xiang Qun-Yan , Zhao Yan , Zhan Jun-Kun , He Jie-Yu , Li Shuang , Liu You-Shuo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are closely related to a variety of biological and functional aspects of human health. When the exosomal ncRNAs undergo tissue-specific changes due to diverse internal or external disorders, they can cause tissue dysfunction, aging, and diseases. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in human diseases. In addition, we explore the current knowledge on the roles of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in human health and diseases, including cancers, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases, to determine their potential implication in biomarker identification and therapeutic exploration.
Network-wise surface-based morphometric insight into the cortical neural circuitry underlying irritability in adolescents
Authors: Bajaj Sahil , Blair Karina S. , Bashford-Largo Johannah , Zhang Ru , Mathur Avantika , Schwartz Amanda , Elowsky Jaimie , Dobbertin Matthew , Hwang Soonjo , Leibenluft Ellen , Blair R. James R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevious studies examining structural brain correlates of irritability have taken a region-specific approach and have been relatively inconsistent. In a sample of adolescents with and without clinically impairing irritability, the current study examines: (i) cortical volume (CV) in canonical functional networks; (ii) the association between the CV of functional networks and severity of irritability; and (iii) the extent to which IQ mediates the association between structural abnormalities and severity of irritability. Structural MRI and IQ data were collected from 130 adolescents with high irritability (mean age = 15.54±1.83 years, 58 females, self-reported Affective Reactivity Index [ARI] ≥ 4) and 119 adolescents with low irritability (mean age = 15.10±1.93 years, 39 females, self-reported ARI < 4). Subject-specific network-wise CV was estimated after parcellating the whole brain into 17 previously reported functional networks. Our Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) revealed that adolescents with high irritability had significantly reduced CV of the bilateral control and default-mode networks (p < 0.05) relative to adolescents with low irritability. Multiple regression analyses showed a significant negative association between the control network CV and the severity of irritability. Mediation analysis showed that IQ partially mediated the association between the control network CV and the severity of irritability. Follow-up analysis on subcortical volume (SCV) showed that adolescents with high irritability had reduced bilateral SCV within the amygdala relative to adolescents with low irritability. Reduced CV within bilateral control and default networks and reduced SCV within bilateral amygdala may represent core features of the pathophysiology of irritability. The current data also indicate the potential importance of a patient’s IQ in determining how pathophysiology related to the control network is expressed.
A Fabry-Pérot cavity coupled surface plasmon photodiode for electrical biomolecular sensing
Authors: Allison Giles , Sana Amrita Kumar , Ogawa Yuta , Kato Hidemi , Ueno Kosei , Misawa Hiroaki , Hayashi Koki , Suzuki Hironori 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSurface plasmon resonance is a well-established technology for real-time highly sensitive label-free detection and measurement of binding kinetics between biological samples. A common drawback, however, of surface plasmon resonance detection is the necessity for far field angular resolved measurement of specular reflection, which increases the size as well as requiring precise calibration of the optical apparatus. Here we present an alternative optoelectronic approach in which the plasmonic sensor is integrated within a photovoltaic cell. Incident light generates an electronic signal that is sensitive to the refractive index of a solution via interaction with the plasmon. The photogenerated current is enhanced due to the coupling of the plasmon mode with Fabry-Pérot modes in the absorbing layer of the photovoltaic cell. The near field electrical detection of surface plasmon resonance we demonstrate will enable a next generation of cheap, compact and high throughput biosensors.
Uncertainty in El Niño-like warming and California precipitation changes linked by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Dong Lu , Leung L. Ruby , Song Fengfei , Lu Jian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMarked uncertainty in California (CA) precipitation projections challenges their use in adaptation planning in the region already experiencing severe water stress. Under global warming, a westerly jet extension in the North Pacific analogous to the El Niño-like teleconnection has been suggested as a key mechanism for CA winter precipitation changes. However, this teleconnection has not been reconciled with the well-known El Niño-like warming response or the controversial role of internal variability in the precipitation uncertainty. Here we find that internal variability contributes > 70% and > 50% of uncertainty in the CA precipitation changes and the El Niño-like warming, respectively, based on analysis of 318 climate simulations from several multi-model and large ensembles. The Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation plays a key role in each contribution and in connecting the two via the westerly jet extension. This unifying understanding of the role of internal variability in CA precipitation provides critical guidance for reducing and communicating uncertainty to inform adaptation planning.