bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new protocol for the identification of singlet fission sensitizers through computational screening
Authors: López‐Carballeira Diego , Polcar Tomáš 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough singlet fission presents deep advantages or the generation of solar energy, the list of efficient singlet fission sensitizers is still very short, encouraging the theoreticians to focus their efforts on selecting and designing new candidates. Here, it is presented a computational protocol for the efficient screening of databases to select those species matching the energy requirements for singlet fission. Hence, out of the initial 29,123 species, 254 molecules (0.87%) were found to match singlet fission energy conditions. The consideration of practical concerns such as availability or stability reduced the number to just 24 (0.08%), among which the aminoanthraquinone derivatives are found particularly promising. The proposed protocol correct the deficiencies of the preceding ones, reaching DFT accuracy and minimizing the risk of getting false negatives especially at the early stages of the screening. In addition, this protocol can be used in future high‐throughput investigations using datasets composed of millions of species.
Role of blood mSEPT9 in evaluating tumor burden and disease monitoring in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Jiang Huiqin , Yu Qian , Chen Xinning , Zhang Chunyan , Shen Junfei , Shen Minna , Yang Yihui , Wang Beili , Pan Baishen , Guo Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the correlation between mSEPT9 and tumor burden as well as the role of mSEPT9 in monitoring colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.MethodsA total of 309 patients were recruited and received mSEPT9 detection in this retrospective study. Clinicopathologic characteristics were collected, including age, gender, differentiation, gene mutation, stage, and tumor markers. The correlation between mSEPT9 and clinical tumor burden was analyzed. A relative mSEPT9 value was determined using the ΔΔCt method.ResultsThe overall positivity rate of mSEPT9 was 39.8% in CRC patients. mSEPT9 status was significantly associated with disease status and tumor markers (CEA and CA19‐9). The mSEPT9 positivity rates were 15.6%, 50.0%, 64.4%, and 70.0% for P0M0, P1M0, P0M1, and P1M1 patients, respectively (p < 0.001). Among 137 CRC patients who received mSEPT9 assay before surgery, the pre‐operation mSEPT9 positivity rate increased significantly from stage I to stage IV (Stage I vs. II vs. III vs. IV 25% vs. 59.1% vs. 57.1% vs. 70.0%, respectively). Consecutive blood samples were obtained from 26 patients during therapy. The patients with increased mSEPT9 levels showed a higher progression rate.ConclusionsmSEPT9 was a biomarker reflecting tumor burden, and serial detections of mSEPT9 could be a promising strategy for disease monitoring in CRC patients.
Asiatic Acid Improves Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Vocal Fold Scarring Via SMAD7 Activation
Authors: Liu Danling , Qian Tingting , Li Peifan , Li Wen , Sun Shan , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold (VF) fibroblasts are the central target for developing new strategies for the treatment of VF scarring and fibrosis. Asiatic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid derivate with antifibrotic properties. However, the effect of AA in VF scarring is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential application of AA as a therapeutic treatment in VF scarring.Study DesignXxxxx.MethodsThe functional expression of SMAD7 was knocked down with recombinant adenoviruses and adeno‐associated viruses carrying shRNAs in the in vitro and in vivo models, which were constructed to investigate AA's antifibrotic function. The expression of collagens and SMADs in cultured human and rabbit cell lines and animal models was evaluated with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry labeling, respectively. Cell migration capacity and contraction in VF fibroblast cell lines were also evaluated.ResultsAA downregulated the downstream fibrotic activation in a dose‐dependent manner. Meanwhile, AA attenuated VF scarring/fibrosis by reducing collagen deposition. Furthermore, the antifibrotic effects of AA were associated with the upregulation of SMAD7. In contrast, knockdown of SMAD7 inhibited the effect of AA on transforming growth factor‐beta‐1 (TGF‐β1) stimulation, which suggests a central role for SMAD7 in AA‐induced antifibrotic activities during VF fibrosis.ConclusionWe concluded that AA, which is a novel therapeutic candidate for preventing VF scarring/fibrosis, might exert its antifibrotic effect via the TGF‐β1/SMAD signaling pathway.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:1237–1244, 2022
Long‐Range Ordered Double Gyroid Structures via Solution Casting from Poly(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(2‐vinyl pyridine)
Authors: Kurimoto Sho , Tong Liang , Maeda Hayato , Nabae Yuta , Hayakawa Teruaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA highly conformable long‐range ordered double gyroid structure with the space group Ia3d is obtained by the self‐assembly of a poly(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(2‐vinyl pyridine) (PTFEMA‐b‐P2VP) diblock copolymer through solution casting. 9 different PTFEMA‐b‐P2VP samples are synthesized, each of which has a different mass fraction to others, with the product containing 47 wt% of PTFEMA exhibiting a double gyroid structure. Analysis of the transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images of this product have revealed that the structural planes of the obtained 3D sample are in good agreement with the typical (211), (110), and (111) planes of the Ia3d space group, which is also supported by small angle X‐ray scattering spectroscopy, therefore confirming that the samples formed a long‐range double gyroid structure over a large area.
Investigating optical adsorption properties of lead‐free double perovskite semiconductors Cs2SnI6−xBrx (x = 0–6) via first principles calculation
Authors: Zhang Jin , Yang Chen , Liao Yulong , Li Shijie , Yang Pengfei , Xi Yingxue , Cai Changlong , Liu Weiguo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, the properties of the Br− ion‐doped Cs2SnI6 system (Cs2SnI6−xBrx, x = 0–6) are systematically explored via the first principle calculation. The evolution of Cs2SnI6−xBrx crystal structure in the doping process is obtained by regulating the doping positions where I− ions are replaced with Br− ions, and the changing curve of the bandgap is drawn on the basis of the setting of the U value in I 5p and Br 5p orbits and the accurate description of the bandgap of Cs2SnI6−xBrx with HSE06 hybrid functional. Br− ions doping not only improves the stability of the Cs2SnI6−xBrx structure, but also can adjust its bandgap width. In light of the analysis of gain and loss of electrons among ions and electron density difference during the doping process, the introduction of Br− ions enable Cs2SnI6−xBrx to have a stronger ionic crystal character than Cs2SnI6, which indicates that the Cs2SnI6−xBrx is suitable to be applied to photoelectric devices as a carrier transport layer. The further analysis of the distribution of electronic states density of Cs2SnI6−xBrx and the variation trend of its absorption spectra confirms the transition process of electrons among energy bands, which also reveals the main reason why the performance of current photovoltaic devices based on Cs2SnI6 are unsatisfactory. It is notable that we find Cs2SnI6−xBrx, especially Cs2SnI3Br3 is an ideal material for solar‐blind detection.
The dependence of stress and strain rate on the deformation behavior of a Ni‐based single crystal superalloy at 1050°C
Authors: Ding Qingqing , Bei Hongbin , Li Lulu , Ouyang Jie , Zhao Xinbao , Wei Xiao , Zhang Ze 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNi‐based single crystal (SX) superalloys are important high‐temperature materials used for manufacturing turbine blades in aero‐engines. During service under combinational impacts of temperature and stress, the SX superalloy may reach its life due to plastic deformation, which normally accompanies time‐dependent microstructural degradation. To reveal this dynamically mechanical response, tensile tests at 1050°C are carried out to record stress‐strain curves at five stain rates as well as creep curves at four applied stresses. Deformed microstructures and defects have been analyzed to understand mechanical behaviors and the underlying mechanism by using advanced scanning electron and scanning transmission electron microscopes. Results show that the deformation mode of the alloy strongly depends on the strain rates/applied stresses under mechanical loading. The dislocation density inside the γ phase is extremely low at all tests, indicating that the γ phase is relatively weak and ready to flow at this temperature even at a very fast strain rate. The deformation behavior of the γ′ phase is much complicated. At fast strain rates or high applied stresses, the dislocation density in the γ′ phase is very high, contributing to high‐stress requirements to deform the material. At slow strain rates or low applied stresses, rafting microstructures develop and the deformation mode becomes directional coarsening/diffusion‐dominated. Our results demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the deformation mechanism of Ni‐based SX superalloys, which may provide lifetime prediction of the mechanical failure, as well as the database for superalloy applications in mechanical systems.
Subjective experiences of physical activity and forecasting bias during behavioral weight loss
Authors: Crane Nicole T. , Martinelli Mary K. , Forman Evan M. , Butryn Meghan L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionEngagement in physical activity (PA) is a critical component of behavioral weight loss (BWL) treatment. Subjective experiences surrounding PA may shape exercise decisions and need to be further understood within a BWL sample.MethodsParticipants in this study were adults with overweight/obesity enrolled in an 18‐month BWL program. At baseline, six, and 18 months, participants (N = 320) predicted how they would feel during a lab‐based walking task and rated their experiences mid‐walk and post‐walk. They also completed self‐report questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms and discomfort intolerance.Results and DiscussionResults indicated that exercise experience and expectations were more positive at later treatment points than at baseline. At each assessment point, post‐walk ratings were more positive than mid‐walk ratings, but pre‐walk ratings did not differ from mid‐walk ratings, suggesting BWL participants were relatively accurate in predicting their PA experience. These results suggest treatment‐seeking adults with overweight/obesity feel most positive upon completion of PA, may not experience a forecasting bias as hypothesized and seem to have increasingly positive PA expectations and experiences as they proceed through treatment and lose weight. Lower discomfort intolerance and depressive symptoms were associated with more positive PA expectations and experiences. Understanding these individual differences in PA experience can inform intervention strategies.
Metacognition in action as a possible explanation for stock‐flow failure
Authors: Aşιk Gürsu , Doğança Küçük Zerrin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aims at examining the role of metacognition, which refers to one's ability to control and regulate their own thinking process through various activities in assessing dynamics of stocks and flows. The first research question focuses on the metacognitive activities used by individuals who solved such tasks correctly and who did not. The second question focuses on how successfully participants organized their thinking processes to arrive at a correct answer when prompted and permitted to retry. Forty undergraduate students were involved in the study, and concurrent think‐aloud protocol was used to examine their thinking when performing two stock‐flow tasks. The findings revealed that participants tend to have difficulties in reading, planning, monitoring, and checking activities. The effectiveness of metacognitive activities employed by the participants is likely to decrease from reading to checking, respectively. The study contributes to our understanding of metacognitive deficiencies in stock‐flow failure and provides further research suggestions. © 2021 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Mechanistic Insights into the Intercalation and Interfacial Chemistry of Mesocarbon Microbeads Anode for Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Dandan , Li Lingjie , Zhang Zhonghua , Liu Jing , Guo Xiaosong , Mao Changming , Peng Hongrui , Li Zhenjiang , Li Guicun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) are highly desirable as anode materials for rechargeable potassium ion batteries (PIBs) due to their commercially availability, high stability and low‐cost. However, their charge storage and interfacial mechanisms are still unclear. In this work, the intercalation mechanisms and the solid‐electrolyte‐interphase (SEI) formation of the MCMB in four different electrolytes is comprehensively studied. The MCMB anodes exhibit superior rate and cycle performances via a naked K‐ions sequentially staging intercalation mechanism, realizing the complete transformation from graphite to KC8. Whereas a solvated K‐ions co‐intercalation mechanism of the MCMB occurs in ether‐based electrolytes, which might induce graphite exfoliation and result in unsatisfied specific capacity and capacity decay. Nevertheless, this co‐intercalation behavior could be effectively suppressed by a highly concentrated electrolytes. Interfacial analyses unveil the distinct SEI components, which vary with the electrolyte chemistries. These SEI components also varies from surface to bulk and especially attention should be paid to the accurate control of the concentration of the fluoroethylene carbonate additives. This work provides a panoramic understanding of the intercalation and interfacial mechanisms on the MCMB anodes for PIBs.
Divergence instability of kinematically constrained Hencky chains: Analytic results and asymptotic behavior
Authors: Lerbet Jean , Challamel Noël , Nicot François , Darve Felix 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the stability of any n degree‐of‐freedom Hencky chain subjected to a full follower force at its tip and under kinematic constraints. We specifically solve this discrete problem and focus on its asymptotic behavior when n tends towards infinity and compare it with its analogous continuous formulation, also referred to as the kinematically constrained Beck's column. The divergence instability load of this non‐conservative discrete system under general kinematic constraints is ruled by the so‐called second‐order work criterion, which involves the symmetric part of the stiffness matrix. The application of the second‐order work criterion to the discrete repetitive system allows to find the exact divergence load under kinematic constraints, whatever the size of the discrete system. The critical value is obtained as the smallest positive root of explicit transcendent equations for both the generic () and the singular () cases, these two cases being illustrated by different values (respectively 2C and C) of the stiffness of the elastic torsion spring at the basis of the discrete system. The corresponding destabilizing kinematic constraint is also calculated. Asymptotic derivations show the convergence of the dimensionless buckling load towards the continuous one, equal to π2, and give the corresponding destabilizing kinematic constraint of the Beck's column.
Institutional Aspects of the Nordic Justice Systems: Striving for Consolidation and Settlements
Authors: Nylund Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter maps the structure of the Nordic justice systems and explores whether and why one could argue that there is a ‘Nordic’ structure. The aim is also to examine recent changes and to investigate whether these entail a cultural shift in some or all Nordic countries. It examines shifts in the intended functions of the courts; changes in the court structure; and the use of alternative dispute resolution outside courts. It argues that the while the private functions of Nordic courts have been accentuated in recent decades in that courts are increasingly expected to facilitate amicable solutions, while alternative dispute resolution outside courts has also been important. It also discusses how the ideal of the generalist judge has been important in consolidating the Nordic court structure. While most of these changes are congruent across the Nordic countries, and have hence strengthened the Nordic court culture, differences among the countries regarding recourse against administrative decisions are growing. New differences among the Nordic countries have emerged and these do not follow the existing divide between the East-Nordic and the West-Nordic countries.
Small Claims Procedures in the Scandinavian Countries
Authors: Jensen Christina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAll the Scandinavian countries have some form of special proceedings for small claims. Still, there has not been formal cooperation between the countries. This means that Sweden, Denmark and Norway have quite different approaches to some procedural questions concerning small claims. The goal of this article is to analyse whether the implementation of small claims procedures has had any effect on the Scandinavian civil procedure. There is no doubt that the introduction of small claims procedures has a direct effect purely by being an addition to the ordinary proceedings. The question of more interest here is whether the implementation has some indirect effects on the Scandinavian way of approaching procedural questions. Mainly, the article will focus on the effect of the rules limiting the possibility of obtaining cost reimbursement from the losing party in small claims cases. For example, there is an assumption that the mentioned cost limitations will increase the number of self-represented parties. More self-represented parties demand more of the judge, for example when it comes to giving guidance.
Courts and Proceedings: Some Nordic Characteristics
Authors: Letto-Vanamo Pia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper will discuss the characteristics of the court system and proceedings in the Nordic countries. The analysis is based on the idea of Nordic legal systems as a group bound both by historical similarities between them and by advanced legal cooperation between different legal actors. First, the main features of socio-legal developments, legal theory and legal practices characterising Nordic legal systems are discussed. Then, ideas, methods and results of cooperation in the field of law are described. ‘Nordicness’ within legal and judicial institutions is highlighted with three examples. The first example concerns popular participation, especially the importance of lay judges. The second example concerns the relationship between the legislator and the judiciary and the non-existence of constitutional courts. Finally, the third example discusses the many modes of conflict resolution typical in the Nordic countries.
The History of Nordic Legal Culture and Court Culture: The Story of What Should not Have Been, but Still Came to Be
Authors: Sunde Jørn Øyrehagen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe story of the making of a Nordic legal culture and court culture appears, at first glance, to be a story of what should not have been. Culture is about commonalities arising from common experiences. However, the similarities between the Nordic countries’ political history are limited, with no common institutions before the late nineteenth century, large language similarities but no common legal language, and—most importantly—no common legal procedure. Still, the natural conditions in the very north of Europe came to shape the political and legal systems in similar ways, stimulating the desire to create a Nordic legal culture in the second half of the nineteenth century, with the Nordic Meeting for Lawyers playing a crucial role. Hence, law in the Nordic countries shares several characteristics today: a strong legislative tradition and strong courts with lay participation, accessible legal language in legislation and court decisions and orality in legal procedure, a small number of legal professionals and a small and pragmatic legal science. These characteristics can be viewed as building blocks in an overarching characteristic of Nordic legal culture and court culture: dialogue.
Culture and Mentality in East-Nordic Courts
Authors: Ervo Laura 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, the East-Nordic, that is Finnish and Swedish, court culture and mentality and its historical, cultural and societal roots are explored. The objective of the chapter is to uncover the mechanisms underlying the East-Nordic court mentality and the hallmarks of Swedish and Finnish court culture, as well as to identify how these processes influence adjudication. Emphasis is put on the historical development of these countries, since Finland was part of Sweden until 1809. After Finland became an autonomous Grand Dutchy of the Russian Empire, it suffered under Russification, whereas Sweden was still part of the western sphere. Even after Finland gained independence in 1917, the history of the two countries has differed to some extent. Therefore, it is interesting to explore the manner in which the differences in history are manifested in contemporary court proceedings. This study is based mainly on comparative and historical resources.
Globalisation and Court Practice in Iceland: New Case Law of the Supreme Court in Relation to the EEA Agreement and European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Thorsteinsdóttir Halldóra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article examines the status of international treaties in Iceland law and how Icelandic court practice has developed in recent years in that area. With regard to the relationship between domestic law and international law, Iceland adheres to the principle of dualism. This means that international law does not come into force as Icelandic law unless implemented by the legislator. As a result, Icelandic Courts will not, in general, apply provisions of international treaties unless they have been incorporated into Icelandic statutory law. However, this does not mean that international obligation are not fulfilled, as Icelandic Courts will seek to interpret domestic law in line with international obligation to the extent possible. If an international treaty has been implemented into Icelandic law, its provisions are binding like other domestic law. With regard to the EEA Agreement, Icelandic Courts will seek to interpret national law in accordance with EEA obligations and follow the judgments of the EFTA Court if the Icelandic provision in question is open to such an interpretation. With regard to the European Convention on Human Rights, Icelandic Courts will even go a step further, as recent judgments show that Icelandic Courts tend to interpret the human rights provisions of the Icelandic Constitution in line with interpretation laid down by The European Court of Human Rights, even in cases where such an interpretation does not exactly fit within the direct wording of the provision in question. This is due to a special connection between the human rights chapter of the Icelandic Constitution and the Convention, as one of the legislators’ main goals when amending the Constitution in 1994 was to bring the human rights chapter more in line with the Convention.