bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
РОЛЬ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО ВОДНЮ ТА ОКСИДУ АЗОТУ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗІ COVID-19
Authors: Покотило О. С. , Корда М. М. , Кравчук Ю. С. 
Published: June 2021

Вступ. У статті наведено огляд наукової літератури щодо біохімічної ролі двох молекул, таких, як молекулярний водень та оксид азоту, насамперед при COVID-19 – вірусній інфекції, яка може бути летальним захворюванням для людей з ослабленим імунітетом. Результати численних доклінічних та клінічних досліджень продемонстрували, що газоподібні молекули (молекулярний водень та оксид азоту) мають антиоксидантні, протизапальні й імуномодулюючі переваги. Незважаючи на те, що оксид азоту може безпосередньо знешкоджувати патогени, чим розкриває свою визначальну роль для імунної функції, оскільки може інгібувати реплікацію вірусів, він здатний також спричинювати летальне ураження клітин за стресових умов, зокрема при COVID-19. На відміну від оксиду азоту, молекулярний водень має дуже високий ступінь безпечності, допомагає регулювати вироблення оксиду азоту, його метаболізм і послаблює його шкідливий вплив. На сьогодні ще не розкрито всіх точних молекулярних механізмів молекулярного водню, проте вже відомо, що він забезпечує ряд захисних ефектів, модулює передачу сигналу, впливає на експресію генів та змінює каскади білкового фосфорилювання. Через ці доведені ефекти молекулярного водню можна однозначно кваліфікувати його як оптимальну терапію проти COVID-19 та подібних захворювань. Обидві молекули (молекулярний водень та оксид азоту) використовують у доклінічних і клінічних випробуваннях для розкриття біохімічних та патогенетичних механізмів взаємодії при різних патологічних процесах, у тому числі й при COVID-19.
Мета дослідження – проаналізувати сучасні літературні джерела про вплив молекулярного водню та оксиду азоту на запобігання поліорганній недостатності при COVID-19.
Висновки. Збільшення кількості досліджень дає підстави сподіватися, що в майбутньому результати представлених досліджень матимуть практичне застосування у клінічній медицині. На сьогодні ще необхідно з’ясувати механізми позитивного впливу молекулярного водню при різних патологічних станах, у тому числі при COVID-19. Тому дослідження мають актуальний характер і будуть продовжені.
Conceptual Combination in the LATL With and Without Syntactic Composition
Authors: Parrish Alicia , Pylkkänen Liina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The relationship among syntactic, semantic, and conceptual processes in language comprehension is a central question to the neurobiology of language. Several studies have suggested that conceptual combination in particular can be localized to the left anterior temporal lobe (LATL), while syntactic processes are more often associated with the posterior temporal lobe or inferior frontal gyrus. However, LATL activity can also correlate with syntactic computations, particularly in narrative comprehension. Here we investigated the degree to which LATL conceptual combination is dependent on syntax, specifically asking whether rapid (∼200 ms) magnetoencephalography effects of conceptual combination in the LATL can occur in the absence of licit syntactic phrase closure and in the absence of a semantically plausible output for the composition. We find that such effects do occur: LATL effects of conceptual combination were observed even when there was no syntactic phrase closure or plausible meaning. But syntactic closure did have an additive effect such that LATL signals were the highest for expressions that composed both conceptually and syntactically. Our findings conform to an account in which LATL conceptual composition is influenced by local syntactic composition but is also able to operate without it.
Peer-making: The interconnections between PhD thesis committee membership and copublishing
Authors: Bès Marie-Pierre , Lamy Jérôme , Maisonobe Marion 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article relies on the analysis of social networks to compare the networks at work in the composition of thesis committees between 2003 and 2008 in a French provincial university in three very different disciplines (astrophysics, archaeology, and economics) so as to test the hypothesis that connections actually existed before graduation. Were members coauthors of scientific publications or were committees constituted only for the sake of awarding a PhD? Astrophysics and its “equipment” ethos is the one that most often superimposes committee membership and copublishing. Archaeology falls somewhere in between, due to the greatest scarcity of committee members. The last of the three, economics, actually separates the two types of collaboration by most frequently inviting international researchers.
“Garbage in, garbage out” revisited: What do machine learning application papers report about human-labeled training data?
Authors: Geiger R. Stuart , Cope Dominique , Ip Jamie , Lotosh Marsha , Shah Aayush , Weng Jenny , Tang Rebekah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Supervised machine learning, in which models are automatically derived from labeled training data, is only as good as the quality of that data. This study builds on prior work that investigated to what extent “best practices” around labeling training data were followed in applied ML publications within a single domain (social media platforms). In this paper, we expand by studying publications that apply supervised ML in a far broader spectrum of disciplines, focusing on human-labeled data. We report to what extent a random sample of ML application papers across disciplines give specific details about whether best practices were followed, while acknowledging that a greater range of application fields necessarily produces greater diversity of labeling and annotation methods. Because much of machine learning research and education only focuses on what is done once a “ground truth” or “gold standard” of training data is available, it is especially relevant to discuss issues around the equally important aspect of whether such data is reliable in the first place. This determination becomes increasingly complex when applied to a variety of specialized fields, as labeling can range from a task requiring little-to-no background knowledge to one that must be performed by someone with career expertise.
Une « rime cachée » dans Cor 23, 12-14 ? Histoire du texte et histoire de la langue
Authors: Larcher Pierre 
Published: June 2021

Résumé
Richard Bell donne Cor 23, 12-14 comme exemple de « rimes cachées » par l’adjonction de segments rimant en -īn, qui est, avec -ūn, la rime de cette sourate. Leur suppression révélerait une petite pièce, sémantiquement cohérente, de sept versets rimant en -ah (ou -a pour Montgomery Watt). Si ce passage est sollicité pour l’histoire du texte par les islamologues, il pourrait l’être pour celle de la langue et du style coraniques par les linguistes arabisants. Sans supprimer d’éléments, mais en nous fondant sur le rasm, qui note la prononciation pausale du tāʾ marbūṭa et du tanwīn-an, nous montrons que Cor 23, 12-14 constitue un pur morceau de saǧʿ. Il se décompose en huit segments, dont sept syntaxiquement parallèles, rimant en -īn, -ah et -ā, -ah étant également rime interne en 12 et 13. Un seul segment, le septième, ne rime avec aucun autre, mais rimerait avec un constituant de 13, si on supprimait la flexion désinentielle. Et si on supprime l’ensemble des voyelles brèves finales, flexionnelles ou non, on s’aperçoit que c’est l’ensemble des constituants de 23, 12-14 qui riment entre eux. On fait alors l’hypothèse que l’arabe coranique est sans flexion désinentielle et que celle-ci, syntaxiquement non pertinente, a été introduite pour des raisons prosodiques, liées à la récitation psalmodiée du Coran (taǧwīd).
Revising the Assumption that Ḥadīṯ Studies Flourished in the 11th/17th-Century Ḥiǧāz: Ibrāhīm al-Kūrānī’s (d. 1101/1690) Contribution
Authors: Dumairieh Naser 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Ḥiǧāz in the 11th/17th century has long been considered the center of a “revival” movement in ḥadīṯ studies. This assumption has spread widely among scholars of the 11th-/17th- and 12th-/18th-century Islamic world based on the fact that the isnāds of many major ḥadīṯ scholars from almost all parts of the Islamic world from the 11th/17th century onward return to a group of scholars in the Ḥiǧāz. The scholarly group that is assumed to have played a critical role in the flourishing of ḥadīṯ studies in the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz is called the al-Ḥaramayn circle or network. However, to date, there have been no studies that investigate what was actually happening in that century concerning ḥadīṯ studies. Examining the actual ḥadīṯ studies of one of the scholars at the core of al-Ḥaramayn circle, i.e. Ibrāhīm b. Ḥasan al-Kūrānī, will unpack the main interest of Ḥiǧāzī scholars in ḥadīṯ literature, reveal previously unstudied aspects of ḥadīṯ studies in the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz, correct some unexamined assumptions, and situate the ḥadīṯ efforts of scholars of the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz within a general framework of developments within ḥadīṯ studies.
Bridging the Accountability Gap in the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons: Non-State Actors Under the Kampala Convention
Authors: Adeola Romola 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Contemporary forms of internal displacement in Africa significantly reflect the emerging footprints of non-state actors on the regional landscape of internal displacement. In recognition of the impact of these actors in the internal displacement context, the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) specifically obligate states to regulate them in the prevention of arbitrary displacement. This is the central thrust of this article. This article examines the Kampala Convention from the perspective of non-state actors, considering the obligation of the state and the extent to which these actors may be held accountable, in the furtherance of protection and assistance of internally displaced persons (IDP s).
The Legal Status of a Company after Decision on Its Liquidation
Authors: Khomenko Viktoriia O. , Efimenko Leonid V. , Vasilyeva Valentyna A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Entrepreneurial activity is one of the main factors in the development of the market economy of the state, the internal and external markets of Ukraine and innovative industries. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to analyse the peculiarities of the legal position of a company after a decision has been made to terminate it. It is established that the liquidation of legal entities is performed without the transfer of the rights and obligations of the liquidated enterprise to other persons, i.e. without succession. Upon liquidation of the enterprise, its rights and obligations are terminated. The current civil legislation does not provide for the limitation of the powers of the liquidation commission in cases of liquidation based on a court decision. It is argued that the liquidation commission be terminated when an entry on termination of the activity of a legal entity is made in the unified state register.
Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: Towards Harmonisation of Ukrainian and EU Law
Authors: Kossak Volodymyr M. , Yakubivskyi Ihor Ye. , Oprysko Mykola V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article analyses the civil law means of protecting the ownership rights to intellectual property from the standpoint of Ukrainian law and practice. The focus is on those means of protecting intellectual property rights envisaged by the Association Agreement between the EU and the eaec and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part, and outlines the prospects for their practical implementation within the legal framework of Ukraine. Among the means of protecting intellectual property rights, prohibition of the misuse of intellectual property in a specific way is considered. The paper also analyses the ways of protecting intellectual property rights, which are aimed at restoring the situation that existed prior to their violation, in particular, the removal from the civil circulation of goods manufactured or put into civil circulation, thus causing a violation of intellectual property rights, and subsequent destruction of such goods.
Efficacy of B12 Fortified Nutrient Bar and Yogurt in Improving Plasma B12 Concentrations—Results From 2 Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trials
Authors: Yajnik Chittaranjan , Kasture Sonal , Kantikar Vaishali , Lubree Himangi , Bhat Dattatray , Raut Deepa , Memane Nilam , Bhalerao Aboli , Ladkat Rasika , Yajnik Pallavi , Tomar Sudhir , Limaye Tejas , Phatak Sanat 
Published: June 2021

Background: Dietary vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency is common in Indians. Long-term compliance to tablet supplementation is poor in asymptomatic individuals. Objective: To study efficacy of B12 fortified nutrient bar and yogurt in improving plasma B12 concentrations in children and adults. Methods: Two double-blind, placebo-controlled directly observed therapy randomized controlled trials were conducted for 120 days: (1) Healthy children (10-13 years) were fed nutrient bar fortified with B12 (2 μg), multiple micronutrients B12 (1.8 μg) or placebo. (2) Healthy adults (18-50 years) were fed yogurt fortified with B12 (2 μg) or Propionibacterium (1 × 108 cfu/g) or placebo. B12, folate, homocysteine, and hemoglobin concentrations were measured before and post intervention. Results: We randomized 164 children and 118 adults; adherence was 96% and 82%, respectively. In children, B12 fortified bars increased B12 concentrations significantly above baseline (B12 alone +91 pmol/L, B12+ multiple micronutrients +82 pmol/L) compared to placebo. In adults, B12 fortified yogurt increased B12 significantly (+38 pmol/L) but Propionibacterium and placebo did not. In both trials, homocysteine fell significantly with B12 supplementation. Rise of B12 and fall of homocysteine were influenced by dose of B12 and folic acid. There was no significant difference in change of anthropometry and hemoglobin between groups. Conclusions: B12 fortified foods are effective in improving B12 status in Indian children and adults. They could be used to improve B12 status in the national programs for children, adolescents, and women of reproductive age. They could also be used as over-the-counter products.
Microstructural Measures of the Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus Predict Later Cognitive and Language Development in Infants Born With Extremely Low Birth Weight
Authors: Bugada Matthew C. , Kline Julia E. , Parikh Nehal A. 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Extremely preterm children are at high risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Identifying predictors of discrete developmental outcomes early in life would allow for targeted neuroprotective therapies when neuroplasticity is at its peak. Our goal was to examine whether diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics of the inferior longitudinal and uncinate fasciculi early in life could predict later cognitive and language outcomes. Study Design: In this pilot study, 43 extremely low-birth-weight preterm infants were scanned using diffusion MRI at term-equivalent age. White matter tracts were assessed via diffusion tensor imaging metrics of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. The Language and Cognitive subscale scores of the Bayley Scales of Infant & Toddler Development-III at 18-22 months corrected age were our outcomes of interest. Multiple linear regression models were created to assess diffusion metrics of the inferior longitudinal and uncinate fasciculi as predictors of Bayley scores. We controlled for brain injury score on structural MRI, maternal education, birth weight, and age at MRI scan. Results: Of the 43 infants, 36 infants had high-quality diffusion tensor imaging and returned for developmental testing. The fractional anisotropy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus was associated with Bayley-III scores in univariate analyses and was an independent predictor of Bayley-III cognitive and language development over and above known predictors in multivariable analyses. Conclusions: Incorporating new biomarkers such as the fractional anisotropy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus with structural MRI findings could enhance accuracy of neurodevelopment predictive models. Additional research is needed to validate our findings in a larger cohort.
Criminal and financial penalties for clinicians in the ACT Mental Health Act weigh more heavily on senior doctors
Authors: Hemachandra Dilini , Riordan Denise , Sabir Azra , Keightley Philip 
Published: June 2021

Objective: We sought to assess the attitudes of ACT public psychiatry doctors towards the financial and criminal penalties in the ACT Mental Health Act 2015. Method: Baseline attitude was surveyed with an 11-item 5-point Likert scale. Education was then provided about the offences outlined in the Act and the associated penalties. The same initial survey was then repeated. Primary outcomes were changes in attitude pre- and post- information, and secondarily data was explored for differences related to gender and seniority. Results Forty-nine percent of 89 eligible public mental health system doctors responded. The majority of the survey respondents were female (59%). Provision of information resulted in a significant improvement in understanding of liabilities (2.80 (SD 1.14) versus 3.58 (SD 0.93), t(39) = 4.06, p < 0.001). Gender had no significant impact on scores. Senior staff were less legally secure and less satisfied with the Mental Health Act pre-information being provided. With regards to notification penalties, with education, junior staff became more secure and seniors less so. Conclusions: Information provision improves understanding of the penalties under the Mental Health Act 2015. Having a senior role predicts lower satisfaction with the penalties in the Act.
Health Professionals’ Perspectives of the Role of Palliative Care During COVID-19: Content Analysis of Articles and Blogs Posted on Twitter
Authors: Singh Gursharan K. , Rego Joanna , Chambers Shirley , Fox Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in health professionals facing unprecedented challenges and changes in practice. Responding to humanitarian crises involves saving lives and reducing suffering and as such, palliative care is an essential component of the response to COVID-19. This study aimed to explore health professionals’ perspectives of the role of palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing their views and experiences expressed in articles and blogs located via Twitter. Method: Qualitative content analysis of 33 online articles and blogs written by health professionals from 1 February 2020 to 30 June 2020. Online articles and blogs were included if the URL was posted on Twitter. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guided data collection and reporting. Results: The health professionals whose viewpoints were analyzed were from Europe, North America, Oceania and Asia. The themes derived from content analysis were (a) the recognized value of palliative care during the pandemic, (b) positioning palliative care as every health professional’s responsibility and (c) specialist palliative care supporting and guiding health professionals Conclusions: This study utilizes a unique approach to exploring the perspectives of health professionals from several countries during a global pandemic. The study emphasizes the value of palliative care and identifies gaps in end-of-life care provision including resource allocation. This brings to light the urgent need to equip all health professionals with palliative care knowledge and skills, including discussing and planning care. Specialist palliative care teams are well placed to support health professionals to provide quality care.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Adult Laboratory Classroom Study of the Efficacy and Safety of PRC-063 (Extended-Release Methylphenidate) for the Treatment of ADHD
Authors: Childress Ann , Cutler Andrew J. , Marraffino Andrea H. , Bhaskar Sailaja , Donnelly Graeme 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and duration of action of the once-daily extended-release methylphenidate formulation PRC-063 for the treatment of ADHD in an adult laboratory classroom (ALC). Method: After dose optimization with PRC-063 over 7 weeks, adults with ADHD were randomized to 1 week of double-blind treatment with PRC-063 or placebo that ended with an ALC evaluation. The primary outcome measure was Permanent Product Measure of Performance-Total (PERMP-T) score. Results: Of 288 subjects enrolled, 221 completed the ALC visit. PERMP-T score was significantly higher for PRC-063 versus placebo at every assessment from 1 to 16 hours post-dose at the ALC visit and when averaged over 16 hours post-dose (least-squares mean difference 16.3, 95% confidence interval 7.6–24.9). The most frequent adverse events during dose optimization were headache, decreased appetite, and insomnia. Conclusion: PRC-063 provided rapid and sustained symptom relief in adults with ADHD and was well tolerated. NCT03618030.
Roles of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the vasculoprotective effect of insulin in a mouse model of restenosis
Authors: Mori Yusaku , Gonzalez Medina Marel , Liu Zhiwei , Guo June , Dingwell Luke S , Chiang Simon , Kahn Carl Ronald , Husain Mansoor , Giacca Adria 
Published: June 2021

Background: Insulin exerts vasculoprotective effects on endothelial cells (ECs) and growth-promoting effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vitro, and suppresses neointimal growth in vivo. Here we determined the role of ECs and SMCs in the effect of insulin on neointimal growth. Methods: Mice with transgene CreERT2 under the control of EC-specific Tie2 (Tie2-Cre) or SMC-specific smooth muscle myosin heavy chain promoter/enhancer (SMMHC-Cre) or littermate controls were crossbred with mice carrying a loxP-flanked insulin receptor (IR) gene. After CreERT2-loxP-mediated recombination was induced by tamoxifen injection, mice received insulin pellet or sham (control) implantation, and underwent femoral artery wire injury. Femoral arteries were collected for morphological analysis 28 days after wire injury. Results: Tamoxifen-treated Tie2-Cre+ mice showed lower IR expression in ECs, but not in SMCs, than Tie2-Cre− mice. Insulin treatment reduced neointimal area after arterial injury in Tie2-Cre− mice, but had no effect in Tie2-Cre+ mice. Tamoxifen-treated SMMHC-Cre+ mice showed lower IR expression in SMCs, but not in ECs, than SMMHC-Cre− mice. Insulin treatment reduced neointimal area in SMMHC-Cre− mice, whereas unexpectedly, it failed to inhibit neointima formation in SMMHC-Cre+ mice. Conclusion: Insulin action in both ECs and SMCs is required for the “anti-restenotic” effect of insulin in vivo.