bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of Molecular Tests for Guiding Therapeutic Decisions in Bloodstream Staphylococcal Infections: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Ke , Malik Aijaz Ahmad , Sheng Yun-Jian , Ahmed Sarfraz , Sun Changfeng , Deng Cun-Liang , Ojha Suvash Chandra 
Published: August 2021

Background: Treatment of bloodstream staphylococcal infections (BSI) necessitates the prompt initiation of appropriate antimicrobial agents and the rapid de-escalation of excessive broad-spectrum coverage to reduce the risk of mortality. We, therefore, aimed to demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) for the identification of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) in clinically suspected patients.Methods: Until November 23, 2020, databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were scanned for eligible studies. A bivariate random-effects model was used for meta-analysis of the 33 included studies obtained from 1606 citations, and pooled summary estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated.Results: Twenty-three studies (n = 8,547) assessed NAAT accuracy for MSSA detection, while three studies (n = 479) evaluated MRSA detection in adults. The pooled NAAT sensitivity and specificity for MRSA in adults was higher [sensitivity: 0.83 (95% CI 0.59–0.96), specificity: 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–1.0)] as compared to MSSA [sensitivity: 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.82), specificity: 0.98 (95% CI 0.98–0.99)]. Similarly, eight studies (n = 4,089) investigating MSSA in pediatric population reported higher NAAT accuracy [sensitivity: 0.89 (95% CI 0.76–0.96), specificity: 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–0.98)] compared to adults. Among NAA tests, SeptiFast (real-time PCR, commercial) was frequently applied, and its diagnostic accuracy corresponded well to the overall summary estimates. A meta-regression and subgroup analysis of study design, sample condition, and patient selection method could not explain the heterogeneity (P &gt; 0.05) in the diagnostic efficiency.Conclusions: NAAT could be applied as the preferred initial tests for timely diagnosis and BSI management.
Accessibility of Medicines for Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Zhe , Li Siyu , Zeng Linan , Liu Yan , Zhang Miao , Choonara Imti , Zhang Lingli 
Published: August 2021

Background: Accessibility of medicines for children is a matter of global concern. Medicines prescribed for children are often off-label. To formulate appropriate policies and undertake necessary interventions to improve access to medicines for children, it is necessary to evaluate the accessibility of medicines for children. However, there is no systematic review of the medicine accessibility for children.Methods: Relevant studies were identified through searching Pubmed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, World Health Organization website, and Health Action International website. Besides, the references of included studies as a supplementary search were read. We extracted the basic information of articles (the first author, published year, the name of journal, research institution, etc.), the basic study characteristics (survey area, survey time, survey method, survey medicine lists, the number of medicine outlets surveyed, etc.), and the study results (the current situation of the accessibility of medicines for children, including the availability, price, and affordability of medicines for children, etc.). Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted the data. Descriptive analysis methods to analyze the current situation of the accessibility of children’s medicines were used.Results: A total of 18 multicenter cross-sectional studies were included in this systematic review, which were from low-income and middle-income countries. Seventeen studies (17/18, 94.4%) used the WHO/Health Action International (HAI) medicine price methodology to investigate the accessibility of medicines for children. Fifteen studies (15/18, 83.3%) were selected to investigate medicines based on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (WHO EMLc). In the public sectors, the availability of originator brands (OBs) ranged from 0 to 52.0%, with a median of 24.2%, and the availability of lowest-priced generics (LPGs) ranged from 17.0 to 72.6%, with a median of 38.1%. In the private sectors, the availability of OBs ranged from 8.9 to 80%, with a median of 21.2%. The availability of LPGs ranged from 20.6 to 72.2%, with a median of 35.9%. In most regions, the availability of OBs in the private sectors was higher than in the public sectors. Collectively, in the price of medicines for children, the median price ratio (MPR) of the OBs in the public sectors and private sectors were much higher than that of the LPGs. And the affordability of the LPGs in the public sectors and private sectors was higher than that of originator brands (OBs).Conclusion: The availability of medicines for children is low in both the public sectors and private sectors in low-income and middle-income countries. The MPR of originator brands (OBs) is higher than that of lowest-priced generics (LPGs), and the most lowest-priced generics (LPGs) have better affordability.
Emotion Analysis of Personalized Color of Beauty Package Based on NCD Image Positioning
Authors: Wang Feng , Xu Jifeng , Zhang Hanning , Yin Jun 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:Based on the Nippon Color &amp; Design (NCD) system, this study aims to accurately discover the color preferences and image positioning of different female groups in China and, thus, to establish a color reference system, which is suitable for the packaging of beauty products.Methods:We first selected middle-aged women in the rural area of northern China as the studied group. Then, we conducted an extensive questionnaire survey on their color preferences focusing on their psychological characteristics and perception rules of emotional needs for colors. After that, we extracted colors from samples and classified them using the NCD system research method. Finally, we conducted a systematic analysis and verification to determine the color emotional preference of this group.Conclusion:We investigate the color preference of targeted customers to establish the image space of beauty product packaging. By applying SPSS for the factor analysis, we study the rural women in northern China, who are less concerned about fashion. We focus on the accurate positioning between the interaction of color, women, and environment throughout the color design process. We have conducted a series of comparative analyses of popular beauty products among the rural women. The results can accurately reflect the brand definition and positioning of color semantics and, thus, provide invaluable information for future beauty packaging designs and marketing promotion strategy.
PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DAN HAK PENYANDANG DISABILITAS; SUATU PANDANGAN KOMPREHENSIF DAN INTEGRATIF
Authors: Iffah Ukhtul , Hasanah Hasanah , Rahman Baitur 
Published: August 2021

Abstrak: pendidikan adalah suatu upaya yang dilakukan secara sadar dan sistemis guna mendayagunakan segala potensi peserta didik agar mampu menjadi manusia yang seutuhnya. Melalui pendidikan, manusia dapat mengatasi pelbagai permasalahan hidup dalam dirinya. Urgensitas pendidikan semakin tidak dapat dipisihkan di benak masyarakat sebab dengan pendidikanlah suatu masyarakat menjadi mandiri. Masyarakat yang mandiri adalah masyarakat yang dapat memenuhi segala kebutuhan hidupnya tanpa banyak ketergantungan dengan apapun. Pada sekian banyak study yang menjelaskan dekadensi moral, maka butuh sosialiasi yang masif tentang pendidikan Islam sebagai alternatif dalam meminimalisir hal tersebut. Di sisi lain, pendidikan ialah suatu hak dan kewajiban bagi seluruh manusia tanpa terkecuali, termasuk penyandang disabilitas. Masih terdapat beberapa orang yang merehmehkan kemampuan penyandang disabilitas, namun demikian Islam tidak pernah membedekan kedudukan manusia berdasarkan fisik, psikis, ras, dan hal lainnya kecuali ketakwaan kepada Allah SWT.
Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Islam, Hak Disabilitas.
Topografía alegórica de la exclusión del otro: Tierra adentro de Angelina Muñiz Huberman
Authors: Houvenaghel E. Helena , Serlet Florien 
Published: August 2021

La obra de la autora judío-mexicana Angelina Muñiz-Huberman (Francia, 1936) destaca por dos aportes: una de índole temática, la transmisión de la cultura y del pensamiento judíos, y otra de índole formal, la escritura “transgenérica” a través de la fusión de los géneros literarios. ¿Cómo se relacionan entre sí dichos aportes? Una de las obras tempranas de Angelina Muñiz-Huberman, Tierra adentro (1977), parece apuntar a un proceso de refuerzo mutuo en el cual el modo alegórico desempeña un papel fundamental. Tierra adentro (1977), en el nivel literal del texto, narra la trayectoria de un sefardí expulsado de la España del Siglo de Oro a la Tierra Santa y evoca, simultáneamente, en el segundo nivel de lectura, la persecución del pueblo asquenazi en el siglo XX. La alegoría propicia una reflexión ética sobre el carácter repetitivo del mismo patrón de la exclusión de la comunidad judía a través de la historia y simultáneamente estimula la fusión de los géneros literarios tradicionales.
Smart Parenting: Pelatihan Mendidik Anak di Era Digital dengan Pendekatan Hypnoparenting
Authors: Setiaji Cahyo Apri 
Published: August 2021

Era digital sering digambarkan dengan sebuah jaman yang penuh dengan kemudahan khususnya akses informasi dan komunikasi. Era digital benar-benar telah membawa suasana baru yang sangat berbeda dengan era sebelumnya. Dampaknya adalah terjadinya perubahan dan pengaruh yang dirasakan pada semua bidang kehidupan, secara positif maupun negatif. Merujuk dari hasil kegiatan prasurvei yang dilakukan dan informasi dari beberapa narasumber di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal (ABA) 3 Mudal Purworejo diketahui adanya permasalahan seperti masih terbatasnya pengetahuan orang tua tentang mendidik anak di era digital, masih terbatasnya pengetahuan orang tua tentang era digital dan bagaimana dampak positif serta negatifnya bagi perkembangan anak. Tujuan yang hendak di capai dalam kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan pemahaman dan kesadaran orang tua siswa di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal (ABA) 3 Mudal Purworejo tentang bagaimana mendidik anak di era digital menggunakan pendekatan Hypnoparenting. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk prasurvei, seminar, tanya jawab, diskusi klinis, konsultasi pendampingan. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa berubahnya meningkatnya pengetahuan dan pola pikir orang tua kaitannya dengan mendidik anak khususnya di era digital. Orang tua tidak perlu lagi menggunakan cara-cara yang memiliki unsur kekerasan, bentakan, atau ancaman untuk menegur perilaku negatif anak.
ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ И ОБУЧЕНИЕ ИНОСТРАННОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
Authors: Мазур И. В. 
Published: August 2021

В статье описывается одна из последних тенденций в высшем образовании – цифровизация, рассматриваются особенности дистанционного обучения иностранному языку в период пандемии. Основной акцент сделан на организации учебного процесса с использованием бесплатных цифровых ресурсов. Определены преимущества и недостатки интернет-платформ, используемых для проведения практических занятий по иностранному языку в формате дистанционного обучения.
Ключевые слова: цифровизация, дистанционное обучение, бесплатные цифровые ресурсы, иностранный язык, качество образования, мотивация.
ЛИЧНОСТНО-ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЕ КАЧЕСТВА ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ
Authors: Баку, М. А. 
Published: August 2021

Экстренный переход высших учебных заведений страны в период начала пандемии COVID-19 на дистанционное обучение потребовал нового взгляда и оценки личностно-профессиональных качеств преподавателя, разработки новых форм и методов обучения, освоения новых инструментов, необходимых для осуществления образовательной деятельности в цифровой среде. В статье рассматриваются требования, которые предъявляются к профессиональным и личностным качествам педагога при переходе к дистанционному обучению в сжатые сроки, а также трудности, с которыми он сталкивается при организации обучения. Личность педагога в этих экстремальных условиях
является основным ресурсом, обеспечивающим успешность организации и осуществления преподавательской деятельности. Среди профессиональных качеств преподавателя выделяются такие качества как самообучаемость и саморазвитие, креативность, организованность, цифровая толерантность, наиболее важными личностными качествами являются эмоциональная стабильность, гибкость, способность к саморегуляции своей профессиональной деятельности и к взаимодействию со студентами.
МАРКЕТИНГ В ХХI ВЕКЕ
Authors: Моргун Т. А. , Кузнецова Н. С. 
Published: August 2021

В настоящее время мы все чаще встречаем такое понятие как «маркетинг». Он характеризуется наличием различных теоретических идей и стремительными темпами развивается в мировом сообществе. В статье рассмотрены основные моменты, которые напрямую связаны с развитием
теории маркетинга и маркетинговых услуг. Одним из основных изменений, произошедших в традиционном маркетинге, стало «появление цифрового маркетинга», что привело к переосмыслению маркетинговых стратегий с целью их адаптации. Раскрыта суть интернет-маркетинга, его основные преимущества и инновационные способы продвижения той или иной рекламной продукции. Интернет-маркетинг в современном мире позволяет не только продавать свои услуги и товары, но и обеспечивает онлайн-поддержку с клиентами.
Long-period Jovian Tilts the Orbits of Two sub-Neptunes Relative to Stellar Spin Axis in Kepler-129
Authors: Zhang 张 Jingwen 婧雯 , Weiss Lauren M. , Huber Daniel , Blunt Sarah , Chontos Ashley , Fulton Benjamin J. , Grunblatt Samuel , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Kosiarek Molly R. , Petigura Erik A. , Rosenthal Lee J. , Rubenzahl Ryan A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present the discovery of Kepler-129 d (

P

d

=

7.2

−
0.3

+
0.4

yr,

m
sin

i

d

=

8.3

−
0.7

+
1.1

M

Jup

,

e

d

=

0.15

−
0.05

+
0.07

) based on six years of radial-velocity observations from Keck/HIRES. Kepler-129 also hosts two transiting sub-Neptunes: Kepler-129 b (P

b
= 15.79 days, r

b
= 2.40 ± 0.04 R
⊕) and Kepler-129 c (P

c
= 82.20 days, r

c
= 2.52 ± 0.07 R
⊕) for which we measure masses of m

b
< 20 M
⊕ and

m

c

=

43

−
12

+
13

M

⊕

. Kepler-129 is a hierarchical system consisting of two tightly packed inner planets and a massive external companion. In such a system, two inner planets precess around the orbital normal of the outer companion, causing their inclinations to oscillate with time. Based on an asteroseismic analysis of Kepler data, we find tentative evidence that Kepler-129 b and c are misaligned with stellar spin axis by ≳38°, which could be torqued by Kepler-129 d if it is inclined by ≳19° relative to inner planets. Using N-body simulations, we provide additional constraints on the mutual inclination between Kepler-129 d and inner planets by estimating the fraction of time during which two inner planets both transit. The probability that two planets both transit decreases as their misalignment with Kepler-129 d increases. We also find a more massive Kepler-129 c enables the two inner planets to become strongly coupled and more resistant to perturbations from Kepler-129 d. The unusually high mass of Kepler-129 c provides a valuable benchmark for both planetary dynamics and interior structure, since the best-fit mass is consistent with this 2.5 R
⊕ planet having a rocky surface.
Cooling Models for the Most Massive White Dwarfs
Authors: Schwab Josiah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present a set of ultramassive white dwarf models, focused on masses above 1.3 M
⊙. Given the uncertainties about the formation and compositions of such objects, we construct parameterized model sequences, guided by evolutionary calculations including both single star and double white dwarf merger formation channels. We demonstrate that the cooling of objects with central densities in excess of 109 g cm−3 is dominated by neutrino cooling via the Urca process in the first ≈100 Myr after formation. Our models indicate that the recently discovered ultramassive white dwarf ZTF J190132.9+145808.7 is likely to have experienced this Urca-dominated cooling regime. We also show that the high densities imply that diffusion is unlikely to significantly alter the core compositions of these objects before they crystallize.
Recovering Density Fields inside Quasar Proximity Zones at z ∼ 6
Authors: Chen Huanqing , Gnedin Nickolay Y. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The matter density field at z ∼ 6 is very challenging to probe. One of the traditional probes of the low density intergalactic medium that works successfully at lower redshifts is the Lyα forest in quasar spectra. However, at the end of reionization, the residual neutral hydrogen usually creates saturated absorption, thus much of the information about the gas density is lost. Luckily, in a quasar proximity zone, the ionizing radiation is exceptionally intense, thus creating a large region with nonzero transmitted flux. In this study we use the synthetic spectra from simulations to investigate how to recover the density fluctuations inside the quasar proximity zones. We show that, under ideal conditions, the density can be recovered accurately with a small scatter. We also discuss how systematics such as the quasar continuum fitting and reionization models affect the results. This study shows that by analyzing the absorption features inside quasar proximity zones we can potentially constrain quasar properties and the environments they reside in.
Modeling the Sgr A* Black Hole Immersed in a Dark Matter Spike
Authors: Nampalliwar Sourabh , Kumar Saurabh , Jusufi Kimet , Wu Qiang , Jamil Mubasher , Salucci Paolo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the effects of a dark matter (DM) spike on the neighborhood of Sgr A*, the black hole (BH) in the center of the Milky Way. Our main goal is to investigate whether current and future astronomical observations of Sgr A* could detect the presence of such a DM spike. At first, we construct the spacetime metric around a static and spherically symmetric BH with a DM spike, and later, this solution is generalized for a rotating BH using the Newman–Janis–Azreg-Aïnou algorithm. For the static BH metric, we use the data of the S2 star orbiting Sgr A* to determine and analyze the constraints on the two free parameters characterizing the density and innermost boundary of the DM halo surrounding the BH. Furthermore, by making use of the available observational data for the DM spike density ρ
sp and the DM spike radius R
sp in the Milky Way, we consider a geometrically thick accretion disk model around the Sgr A* BH and demonstrate that the effect of DM distribution on the shadow radius and the image of the BH is considerably weak for realistic DM densities, becoming significant only when the DM density is of the order ρ
sp ∼ (10−19–10−20) g cm−3 near the BH. We further analyze the possibility of observing this effect with radio interferometry, simulating observations with an EHT-like array, and find that it is unlikely to be detectable in the near future.
The Growth of Protoplanets via the Accretion of Small Bodies in Disks Perturbed by the Planetary Gravity
Authors: Okamura Tatsuya , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Planets grow via the collisional accretion of small bodies in a protoplanetary disk. Such small bodies feel strong gas drag, and their orbits are significantly affected by the gas flow and atmospheric structure around the planet. We investigate the gas flow in the protoplanetary disk perturbed by the gravity of the planet by 3D hydrodynamical simulation. We then calculate the orbital evolutions of particles in the gas structure obtained from the hydrodynamical simulation. Based on the orbital calculations, we obtain the collision rate between the planet and centimeter-to-kilometer-sized particles. Our results show that meter-sized or larger particles effectively collide with the planet owing to the atmospheric gas drag, which significantly enhances the collision rate. On the other hand, the gas flow plays an important role for smaller particles. Finally, considering the effects of the atmosphere and gas flow, we derive the new analytic formula for the collision rate, which is in good agreement with our simulations. We estimate the growth timescale and accretion efficiency of drifting bodies for the formation of a gas giant solid core using the formula. We find that the accretion of sub-kilometer-sized bodies achieves a short growth timescale (∼0.05 Myr) and a high accretion efficiency (∼1) for the core formation at 5 au in the minimum-mass solar nebula model.
Origins of the Long-term Variability of the Near-infrared Emission of the Black Hole X-Ray Binary GRS 1915+105 in the X-Ray Low Luminous State
Authors: Imazato Fumiya , Sasada Mahito , Uemura Makoto , Fukazawa Yasushi , Takahashi Hiromitsu , Nakaoka Tatsuya , Akitaya Hiroshi , Kawabata Koji S. , Akimoto Masanori , Fujisawa Kenta 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Since 2018 July, the black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105 has been in an X-ray low luminous state (XLLS), which is the faintest period ever observed in a soft X-ray band. We present here the results of near-infrared (NIR) observations from 2019 April–December in the XLLS using HONIR attached to the Kanata telescope, together with radio data obtained by the Yamaguchi Interferometer and archival X-ray data. We found the historical NIR brightening in the XLLS. For several tens of days in the XLLS, NIR flux showed a positive correlation with radio flux and negative correlation with X-ray flux. This result suggests that at least a jet contributes to the NIR bands in the NIR-bright XLLS period. An accretion disk is not likely a candidate for the NIR emission because of the decrease of X-ray flux. In contrast to the NIR band, there was no historical radio brightening in the XLLS. This implies that the NIR emission in the NIR-bright period cannot be explained by the jet alone. The X-ray obscuration suggested by X-ray data is another possible candidate for the nonjet emission component in the NIR band.
Être assistante sociale, est-ce une vocation ?
Authors: Hoeth Marie-Hélène 
Published: August 2021

Le travail et la fonction de l’assistant(e) social(e) ont plusieurs facettes. La profession est sous-tendue par un axe fondamental, primordial et incontournable, le secret professionnel. Les principales missions sont : l’accompagnement social, la protection de l’enfance et le travail de réseau. Mais la qualité nécessaire à l’exercice de ces missions est, avant tout, la capacité d’écoute de l’autre, sans jugement et avec empathie.
Le mariage arrangé dans la communauté sunnite de Beyrouth
Authors: Hariri Nizar , Tannir Dima 
Published: August 2021

L’arrangement du mariage dans la communauté sunnite de Beyrouth signifie que les époux sont l’objet de négociations entre deux familles qui s’accordent sur les termes d’un échange. Partant des aspects spectaculaires de la cérémonie de mariage, nous nous intéressons dans cet article à deux dimensions de l’arrangement : les objets qui y circulent, et la place des époux dans le dispositif et dans la transaction. Le cadrage et la mise en scène renvoient en fin de compte à la communauté d’appartenance, quand les objets et les personnes qui se donnent à voir s’inscrivent dans une généalogie qui en fait les porteurs ou les représentants d’un patrimoine commun.