bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new FWHT‐CMF‐DFE based approach for channel equalization in CP‐free OFDM systems
Authors: Aykırı Gazihan , Avcı Büşra , Savaşcıhabeş Asuman , Özen Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely used in wireless communication systems due to its robustness against the frequency selectivity of fading channels. It provides optimal performance and it also meets the requirements of the next generation communication systems. Although OFDM has these advantages, its spectrum efficiency is usually degraded significantly due to the use of cyclic prefix (CP). In this paper, motivated to deal with this issue, the combined structure of Fast Walsh‐Hadamard Transform (FWHT) and Time Domain Equalizer (TDE) is proposed to use in CP‐free OFDM systems. The results validated by Monte Carlo simulations decipher the improved performances in terms of spectral efficiencies, bit error rate, peak to average power ratio and out of band emission for using this structure over frequency selective multipath fading channels in CP‐free OFDM systems. The acquired simulation results have illustrated that the proposed method provides 20% spectral efficiency without compromising the BER performance.
Robust methods for estimating the orientation and position of IMU and MARG sensors
Authors: Kim Seong Uk , Lee Jaeuk , Yoon Jinsung , Ko Sang‐Ki , Kim Jongmin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe inertial measurement unit (IMU) and magnetic, angular rate, and gravity (MARG) sensor orientation and position are widely used in the medical, robotics, and other fields. In general, the orientations can be defined by the integration of angular velocity data, and the positions are also computed from the double integration of acceleration data. However, the acceleration and angular velocity data are often inaccurate due to measurement errors which arise when the sensor moves quickly. Therefore, the orientations and positions significantly differ from the actual values. To address these issues, several techniques are proposed for the accurate measurement of IMU and MARG sensor orientations and positions. The proposed optimization method is applied to raw sensor data to compute faithful orientations by stabilizing and accelerating the convergence of the optimization process. Furthermore, a deep neural network based on 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) layers is proposed to predict the desired velocity from raw acceleration data. The method is validated qualitatively and quantitatively with an optical motion capture (mocap) system. The experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves orientation and position estimations compared to those of other approaches.
Abell 1430: A merging cluster with exceptional diffuse radio emission
Authors: Hoeft M. , Dumba C. , Drabent A. , Rajpurohit K. , Rossetti M. , Nuza S. E. , van Weeren R. J. , Meusinger H. , Botteon A. , Brunetti G. , Shimwell T. W. , Cassano R. , Brüggen M. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Gastaldello F. , Lovisari L. , Yepes G. , Andrade-Santos F. , Eckert D. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Diffuse radio emission has been found in many galaxy clusters, predominantly in massive systems which are in the state of merging. The radio emission can usually be classified as relic or halo emission, which are believed to be related to merger shocks or volume-filling turbulence, respectively. Recent observations have revealed radio bridges for some pairs of very close galaxy clusters. The mechanisms that may allow one to explain the high specific density of relativistic electrons, which are necessary to explain the radio luminosity of these bridge regions, have been poorly explored until now.
Aims. When inspecting the first data release of the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS), we discovered diffuse radio emission in the galaxy cluster Abell 1430. Here, we aim to determine the dynamical state of the cluster and characterise the diffuse radio emission.
Methods. We analysed the LoTSS data in detail and complemented them with recent Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations in the L-band. To study the dynamical state of the cluster, we analysed XMM-Newton data, Chandra data, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey data. Moreover, we compared our results to clusters extracted from THE THREE HUNDRED PROJECT cosmological simulation.
Results. We find that Abell 1430 consists of two components, namely A1430-A and A1430-B, with a mass ratio of about 2:1. The massive component shows diffuse radio emission which can be classified as radio halo which shows a low radio power at 1.4 GHz with respect to the mass of the cluster. Most interestingly, there is extended diffuse radio emission in the following dubbed as the ‘Pillow’ according to its morphology, which is apparently related to A1430-B and which is neither typical halo nor typical relic emission. The origin of this emission is puzzling. We speculate that the two components of Abell 1430 undergo an off-axis merger. In this scenario, A1430-B is moving towards the main cluster component and may have compressed and stirred the medium in the filament between the two cluster components.
Conclusions. We have discovered evidence for diffuse radio emission related to the low-density intracluster or intergalactic medium in Abell 1430. To date, only a few examples of emission originating from such regions are known. These discoveries are crucial to constrain possible acceleration mechanisms which may allow us to explain the presence of relativistic electrons in these regions. In particular, our results indicate a spectral index of α144 MHz1.5 GHz = −1.4±0.5 for the Pillow. If upcoming observations confirm a slope as flat as −1.4 or even flatter, this would pose a challenge for the electron acceleration scenarios.
Hunting the relatives of benzonitrile: Rotational spectroscopy of dicyanobenzenes
Authors: Chitarra Olivia , Lee Kin Long Kelvin , Buchanan Zachary , Melosso Mattia , McGuire Brett A. , Goubet Manuel , Pirali Olivier , Martin-Drumel Marie-Aline 
Published: July 2021

Context. The recent interstellar detections of –CN containing aromatic species, namely benzonitrile, 1-cyanonaphthalene, and 2-cyanonaphthalene, bring renewed interest in related molecules that could participate in similar reaction networks.
Aims. To enable new interstellar searches for benzonitrile derivatives, the pure rotational spectra of several related species need to be investigated in the laboratory.
Methods. We have recorded the pure rotational spectra of ortho- and meta-dicyanobenzene in the centimetre and millimetre-wave domains. Assignments were supported by high-level quantum chemical calculations. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations, we also searched for evidence of these molecules towards TMC-1 using the GOTHAM survey.
Results. Accurate spectroscopic parameters are derived from the analysis of the experimental spectra, allowing for reliable predictions at temperatures of interest (i.e. 10–300 K) for astronomical searches. Our searches in TMC-1 for both ortho- and meta-isomers provide upper limits for the abundances of the species.
Formation of properties of meat-containing canned food with the use of rabbit meat for children’s and dietary food
Authors: Merkulova Anna , Zachesova Inessa , Gorbacheva Maria 
Published: July 2021

The modern level of knowledge about food products allows them to be developed with specified properties that correspond to a specific purpose. The creation of such products is always a search for a reasonable compromise between the numerous requirements for food products. The article reflects the results of a scientific study devoted to the development of a recipe for canned meat for baby food with a different percentage of rabbit meat and vegetables. Comprehensive studies of the consumer properties of canned food obtained according to one of the author’s recipes were carried out.
The obtained data and their analysis made it possible to choose the most optimal option for canned food, which will be in demand and competitive in relation to other types of products in the assortment group.
Efficient Synthesis of Polysubstituted 1,5-Benzodiazepinone Dipeptide Mimetics via an Ugi-4CR-Ullmann Condensation Sequence
Authors: Van Den Hauwe Robin , Elsocht Mathias , Ballet Steven , Hollanders Charlie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn efficient three-step synthesis towards 3-amino-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives is presented. The versatile Ugi-4-component reaction (Ugi-4CR) and Boc deprotection is followed by a ligand-free Ullmann condensation. This protocol allows the rapid construction of a diverse array of substituted 1,5-benzodiazepinones. Since Ugi-based products are typically limited by their ‘inert’ C-terminal amides, the use of a convertible (‘cleavable’) isocyanide was envisaged and resulted in building blocks that can be made SPPS compatible. To demonstrate the potential of this novel synthetic route, the design and preparation of novel phenylurea-1,5-benzodiazepin-4(5H)-one dipeptide mimetics with potential CCK2-antagonist properties is reported.
Correlation of Surrogate Markers of Insulin Resistance with Fasting Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Study of Malwa Population in Punjab, India
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Garg Ravinder , Tapasvi Chaitanya , Chawla Sonia , Kaur Navdeep ,   Gitanjali
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Context Insulin resistance (IR) and abnormal insulin secretion play a key role for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Aims We investigated the surrogate markers of IR, i.e., Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), McAuley, and Fasting Insulin Resistance Index (FIRI) in type 2 DM patients. Also, fasting insulin (FI) levels were estimated in type 2 diabetics. Further, the correlation of FI with other surrogate markers of IR in type 2 DM was done.
Settings and Design A hundred newly diagnosed patients with type 2 DM from Malwa population, Punjab, were considered for evaluation. Another 100 healthy individuals (age and sex-matched) were examined as controls.
Methods and Material Fasting blood glucose, FI, and lipid profile were estimated, and IR was calculated using McAuley index (McA), HOMA, QUICKI, and FIRI.
Statistical Analysis Used The statistical analysis was performed on the above-mentioned clinical interpretations. The Cohen’s kappa test was used to affirm the agreement.
Results FI levels in patients with type 2 diabetes were significantly higher (20.8 ± 9.05 µIU/L) than controls (7.93 ± 1.01 µIU/L). IR by surrogate markers was found significant in the study group. The 76% patients with type 2 diabetes ended up as resistant to insulin by FI measurement, almost equivalent to McA, 80%; HOMA, 88%; FIRI, 88%; and QUICKI, 90%. A notable correlation was highlighted between FI and McA manifesting IR (p < 0.01, r = −0.85). We calculated the statistical correlation of FI with HOMA, QUICKI, and FIRI indices (p < 0.01, r = 0.93; p < 0.01 r = −0.92; and p < 0.01, r = +0.93, respectively). The agreement visible from Cohen’s kappa test also affirms the same (k = 0.9 for McA).
Conclusion We concluded that all the surrogate markers for IR were specific when compared with FI, but in terms of sensitivity McA was found to be more sensitive as it includes markers of dyslipidemia, which is the precipitating factor of metabolic derangements so as the IR in type 2 DM.
Intraoperative Vasopressor Usage in Free Tissue Transfer: Should We Be Worried?
Authors: Munro Samuel P. , Chang Chad , Tinker Rory J. , Anderson Iain B. , Bedford Geoff C. , Ragbir Maniram , Ahmed Omar A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground The role of vasopressors has long been a subject of debate in microsurgery. Conventional wisdom dictates the avoidance of vasopressor use, due to concerns such as peripheral vasoconstriction, inducing vasospasm of the anastomoses, and leading to failure in perfusion. It has since become common practice in some centers to avoid intraoperative vasopressor use during free tissue transfer surgery. Recent studies have suggested that this traditional view may not be supported by clinical evidence. However, none of these studies have separated vasopressor use by method of administration.Methods We conducted a retrospective review of our experience of vasopressor use in free flap surgery at a single high-volume center. The outcome measures were flap failure, flap-related complications and overall postoperative complications (reported using the Clavien–Dindo classification). Groups were compared using Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test where appropriate.Results A total of 777 cases in 717 patients were identified. 59.1% of these had vasopressors administered intraoperatively. The overall failure rate was 2.2%, with 9.8% experienced flap-related complications. There was no difference in flap loss when vasopressors were administered, but an increased rate of microvascular thrombosis was noted (p = 0.003). Continuous administration of vasopressors was associated with reduced venous congestion, whereas intermittent boluses increased risk of microvascular thrombosis.Conclusion Our study confirms previous findings that intraoperative vasopressor use in free flap surgery is not associated with increased failure rate. Administering vasopressors continuously may be safer than via repeated boluses.
Air Flow Cooling Improves Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Mapping Using the FLIR ONE Thermal Camera
Authors: Illg Claudius , Krauss Sabrina , Rothenberger Jens , Kolbenschlag Jonas , Daigeler Adrien , Schäfer Ruth Christine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Due to the variable vascular anatomy preoperative perforator mapping facilitates anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap harvesting. Dynamic infrared perforator imaging can assist preoperative planning by displaying hot spots that represent angiosomes. This study aims to compare previously described precooling methods to develop a standardized simplified protocol for ALT perforator planning.
Methods Fifty thighs were examined with a FLIR ONE thermal camera. Four different cold challenges, including alcoholic disinfection, wet laparotomy sponge cooling, fan cooling, and cold pack application, were compared. Hot spot locations within a 250 mm × 80 mm area were compared double-blinded to perforator locations determined by Doppler ultrasonography considered as gold standard.
Results The matching rate of thermographic hot spots and sonographically identified perforators was 34.9 ± 22.2%. An increased matching rate of 62.2 ± 42.2% was noted taking only favored perforators (septocutaneous course, diameter >1 mm, distance <3 cm to the center, and visible concomitant veins) into account. Precooling with a fan followed by alcoholic disinfection provided clearest thermograms and fastest results.
Conclusion Thermographic imaging is a reliable method for perforator imaging. Its supplemental use to ultrasound may reduce examination time and yield additional information. Precooling by air flow or alcoholic disinfection can be easily implemented and provide the best thermograms. The matching rate of thermographic hot spots and perforators increases when taking only clinically relevant perforators into account. Thermal perforator mapping therefore reduces distraction by negligible perforators.
Global climate disruption and regional climate shelters after the Toba supereruption
Authors: Black Benjamin A. , Lamarque Jean-François , Marsh Daniel R. , Schmidt Anja , Bardeen Charles G. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
The Younger Toba Tuff is the largest volcanic eruption of the past 2 million years, but its climatic consequences have been strongly debated. Resolving this debate is important for understanding environmental changes during a key interval in human evolution. This work uses a large ensemble of global climate model simulations to demonstrate that the climate response to Toba was likely to be pronounced in Europe, North America, and central Asia but muted in the Southern Hemisphere. Our results reconcile the simulated distribution of climate impacts from the eruption with paleoclimate and archaeological records. This probabilistic view of climate disruption from Earth’s most recent supereruption underscores the uneven expected distribution of societal and environmental impacts from future very large explosive eruptions.
Shifting gradients of macroscale cortical organization mark the transition from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Dong Hao-Ming , Margulies Daniel S. , Zuo Xi-Nian , Holmes Avram J. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Here, we describe age-dependent shifts in the macroscale organization of cortex in childhood and adolescence. The characterization of functional connectivity patterns in children revealed an overarching organizational framework anchored within the unimodal cortex, between somatosensory/motor and visual regions. Conversely, in adolescents, we observed a transition into an adult-like gradient, situating the default network at the opposite end of a spectrum from primary somatosensory/motor regions. This spatial framework emerged gradually with age, reaching a sharp inflection point at the transition from childhood to adolescence. These data reveal a developmental change from a functional motif first dominated by the distinction between sensory and motor systems and then balanced through interactions with later-maturing aspects of association cortex that support more abstract cognitive functions.
Integrated assessment modeling reveals near-channel management as cost-effective to improve water quality in agricultural watersheds
Authors: Hansen Amy T. , Campbell Todd , Cho Se Jong , Czuba Jonathan A. , Dalzell Brent J. , Dolph Christine L. , Hawthorne Peter L. , Rabotyagov Sergey , Lang Zhengxin , Kumarasamy Karthik , Belmont Patrick , Finlay Jacques C. , Foufoula-Georgiou Efi , Gran Karen B. , Kling Catherine L. , Wilcock Peter 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Water quality is severely degraded in landscapes cultivated for intensive corn and soybean production. Current water quality policy focuses on reducing nutrient and sediment losses from agricultural fields, yet recent studies have highlighted important roles of near-channel areas as sources of sediment and sinks for nitrogen. We developed an integrated modeling approach to assess water quality cost-effectiveness tradeoffs for watershed management scenarios that include a wide range of both field and near-channel management actions, yielding estimates of reductions in sediment and nitrate loads and associated costs for alternative management actions. Our results indicate that near-channel management, most notably fluvial wetland restoration, was most effective for achieving long-standing policy goals for sediment and nitrate reduction.
DNAse-dependent, NET-independent pathway of thrombus formation in vivo
Authors: Carminita Estelle , Crescence Lydie , Brouilly Nicolas , Altié Alexandre , Panicot-Dubois Laurence , Dubois Christophe 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Thrombosis constitutes a major contributor to the global disease burden. Recently, the contribution of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in thrombosis has been intensively documented. DNAse-I by its ability to cleave DNA has been proposed as an efficient antithrombotic drug. In this paper, we showed that DNase-I inhibits the formation of a platelet thrombus and the generation of fibrin independent of its enzymatic activity on DNA. We proposed that DNase-I hydrolyzes adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate (two important platelet and neutrophil agonists) into adenosine, an antagonist of platelet and neutrophil.
A self-powered implantable and bioresorbable electrostimulation device for biofeedback bone fracture healing
Authors: Yao Guang , Kang Lei , Li Cuicui , Chen Sihong , Wang Qian , Yang Junzhe , Long Yin , Li Jun , Zhao Kangning , Xu Weina , Cai Weibo , Lin Yuan , Wang Xudong 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Bone fracture represents a significant problem in public health. State-of-the-art clinical study demonstrated that by correlating the stimulation amplitude and frequency directly to dynamic locomotion, biofeedback electrostimulation therapy is particularly effective compared to conventional continuous electrostimulation for postoperative therapy and rehabilitation after musculoskeletal injury. However, implementation of biofeedback still relies on complex electronics and sensing systems, which largely limits its accessibility to patients. Here we developed a self-powered implantable and bioresorbable device that directly applies biofeedback electrostimulations to the treatment of bone fracture. The electrostimulation signals are generated solely from relevant body motions, providing a closed-loop biofeedback therapy bringing rapid healing to fractures. This device is self-responsive, battery free, and requires no surgical removal after fulfilling the biomedical intervention.
Sex-specific ornament evolution is a consistent feature of climatic adaptation across space and time in dragonflies
Authors: Moore Michael P. , Hersch Kaitlyn , Sricharoen Chanont , Lee Sarah , Reice Caitlin , Rice Paul , Kronick Sophie , Medley Kim A. , Fowler-Finn Kasey D. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceOne of biology’s most pressing goals is to understand how organisms adapt to their climates. Researchers have greatly clarified the ways that organisms evolve to improve their survival in warmer climates, yet a major gap in our knowledge remains. Despite >95% of eukaryotic organisms engaging in sexual reproduction, little is known about whether or not climatic adaptation entails optimizing the traits that organisms use to coordinate mating and reproduction. Here, we show that mating-related traits in male but not female dragonflies evolve in a highly predictable way as they adapt to climatic conditions. Failing to account for adaptive evolution of mating-related traits may therefore limit our ability to forecast how organisms will respond to climate change.
Entropic barrier of topologically immobilized DNA in hydrogels
Authors: Chen Kuo , Muthukumar Murugappan 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Movement of charged macromolecules in crowded aqueous environments is ubiquitous in nature. The omnipresent capacity of macromolecules to adopt differing numbers of conformations in response to local spatiotemporal environments results in their trajectories consisting of conformational entropic barriers. The conformational fluctuations can be so large that even Einstein’s law of diffusion can apparently break down. By directly observing single DNA molecules under such conditions, we show the emergence of a nondiffusive topologically frustrated dynamical state, and measure single-molecule entropic barriers responsible for the resultant extreme metastability. The presented theory–experiment combination offers a general method to measure free energy landscapes required to deliberately navigate single macromolecules through congested aqueous media.