bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Mnemonic in Management of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Toufic El Hussein Mohamed , Wong Ashley 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease involving demyelination of the central nervous system. Medication management in MS is a vital step in preventing further disease progression. OBJECTIVE: This article presents healthcare providers with an aide-mémoire in the form of a mnemonic to assist in the medication management of MS. METHODS: We explored recent guidelines, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials using PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL to analyze the role and efficacy of pharmacotherapy in relapse prevention of MS. CONCLUSION: It is crucial to consider the classifications of MS and its pathophysiology to determine which medication produces the best results. Our proposed mnemonic can support a clinician's recall ability and assist in identifying the respective MS medication.
Risk factors of vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infections in children with imperforate anus
Authors: Wu Chung-Wei , Wei Chang-Ching , Lin Cheng-Li , Chao Hsiao-Huei , Wei Tse-Chun , Hsieh Tsung-Hsueh , Lin Ching-Yuang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Imperforate anus (IA) is associated with several urological anomalies, including vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), a major contributor to high morbidity in patients with anorectal malformations. This retrospective study was performed to elucidate the risk factors of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and UTI in children with IA.
We used the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to estimate the frequency of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in children with IA. We also investigated the frequencies of VUR, UTI, and CAKUT in children with IA along with the risk factors of VUR.
We enrolled 613 children between 2000 and 2008 (367 males and 246 females; 489 low-position IA and 124 high-position IA). High-position IA was associated with a significantly increased risk of VUR compared with low-position IA (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.61, 4.45). In addition, children with IA along with CAKUT, hydronephrosis, or UTI had a higher risk of VUR (OR: 8.57, 95% CI: 3.75, 19.6; OR: 7.65, 95% CI: 4.48, 13.1; and OR: 31.8, 95% CI: 11.5, 88.3, respectively). UTI, as well as chromosomal anomalies, were more frequent in children with high-position IA.
Patients with a high-position IA had a greater risk of VUR, particularly those with CAKUT, hydronephrosis, or UTI. Such patients must periodically undergo urinalysis to screen for UTI and early voiding cystourethrogram to rule out VUR and prevent consequent renal damage. Chromosomal analysis is suggested to rule out Down syndrome.
Preoperative patients’ quality of life and outcomes after colorectal surgery
Authors: Martin David , Romain Benoît , Demartines Nicolas , Hübner Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this prospective study was to assess the influence of preoperative life satisfaction on objective and subjective outcomes after elective colorectal surgery. Preoperative life satisfaction was assessed using a validated questionnaire (Échelle de Mesure des Manifestations du Bien-Être Psychologique). Postoperative quality of life was assessed by the Cleveland Global Quality of Life and QLQ-C30. Number of footsteps was recorded from preoperative day 5 to postoperative day 3. Physical activity, length of stay, and complications were compared between patients with low and high preoperative life satisfaction. Fifty patients were included. There was no difference between the 2 groups concerning postoperative objective (length of stay, complications, and number of footsteps) and subjective (Cleveland Global Quality of Life and QLQ-C30) recovery. In conclusion, preoperative life satisfaction of colorectal surgery patients had no influence on outcomes and physical activity in colorectal surgery.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tenofovir and telbivudine in interrupting mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Zhu Bo , Lv Xiaojing , Zhao Zhiying , Chen Liwen , Chen Xiuli , Li Congjie , Li Suwen , Dai Erhei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study is aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of tenofovir (TDF) and telbivudine (TBV) in interrupting hepatitis B virus (HBV) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), and to provide evidence-based treatment options to clinicians and patients.
Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive pregnant women (644 in total) with high HBV DNA load (≥2 × 105 IU/mL) and who received TDF (n = 214) or TBV (n = 380) in the second or third trimester, or received no treatment (n = 50) were included in this retrospective analysis.
HBV DNA levels in mothers at delivery were significantly lower than baseline in the 2 treatment groups. HBV DNA levels in the TDF group were significantly different between the mothers receiving treatment in the second trimester and those receiving treatment in the third trimester; however, significant difference was not observed in the TBV group. The proportion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive infants at the age of 7 to 12 months in the TDF, TBV, and control groups were 0.00% (0/174), 0.30% (1/331), and 5.0% (2/40) with a significant difference between the treatment groups and the control group, but no difference between the TDF and TBV group (P > .05). However, no serious adverse events were observed in infants and mothers of all groups.
TBV and TDF can effectively reduce the HBV DNA level and MTCT rate in pregnant women with high HBV DNA load (≥2 × 105 IU/mL); both antiviral drugs are safe for infants and mothers. Since TDF was more effective in reducing HBV DNA levels during the second trimester, its use during the period is recommended to prevent HBV MTCT.
Real-world effectiveness and sensitivity of palbociclib plus endocrine therapy in HR+/HER2– patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Li Jingping , Zhang Xiangmei , Yang Chao , Lv Yalei , Yang Hua , Kong Xiangshun , Han Meng , Wang Zunyi , Ma Jie , Han Jianjun , Liu Yunjiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Palbociclib has shown satisfactory outcomes when combined with endocrine therapy (ET) in hormone receptor–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HR+/HER2–) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, data in Asia are currently scarce.This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness, sensitivity, and toxicity of palbociclib plus ET in HR+/HER2– MBC in North China. We recruited patients with HR+/HER2– MBC from August 2018 to July 2020 across 7 hospitals in North China. The primary endpoint was to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) after initial progress on palbociclib therapy. The secondary endpoints included determining predictive biomarkers of palbociclib sensitivity and toxicity of palbociclib.A total of 54 patients were analyzed in this cohort with an estimated median follow-up time of 14.3 months. Patients who received palbociclib as a first-line treatment showed significantly prolonged PFS compared with those who received palbociclib as a second-line or beyond treatment (21.8 months vs 15.9 months vs 6.8 months) (P < .001). Besides, patients with Ki67 <30% (P = .024) and PR ≥20% (P = .041) in metastatic tumors had significantly longer PFS. The Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses proved that different lines (P = .001 in multivariate analysis), Ki67 <30% (P = .035 in multivariate analysis), and PR ≥20% (P = .045 in univariate analysis) in metastatic tumors affected PFS significantly. The most common adverse events were hematologic, with 31.48% of patients having neutropenia.Palbociclib plus ET significantly prolonged PFS for patients with HR+/HER2– MBC who received first-line therapy, with manageable toxicity. The values of Ki67 and PR in metastatic tumors may be potential predictive biomarkers of palbociclib sensitivity.
Veterans with Traumatic Brain Injury–related Ocular Injury and Vision Dysfunction: Vision Rehabilitation Utilization
Authors: Winkler Sandra L. , Marszalek Jacob , Wang Xinping , Finch Dezon , Rakoczy Chrystyna , Delikat Jemy , Kelleher Valerie , Williams Michael , Zuniga Esteban , Rice Candice , Pollard Kendra , Cockerham Glenn 
Published: December 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Visual dysfunction is frequently associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although evidence regarding the prevalence of symptoms of this population has been published, little is known about health care utilization. A retrospective review of the data derived from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)–mandated “Traumatic Brain Injury Specific Ocular Health and Visual Functioning Examination for Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center Patients” provided a unique opportunity to investigate vision rehabilitation utilization.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to understand (a) the frequency of vision rehabilitation follow-up visits at 6, 12, and 24 months; (b) the association between follow-up and demographic, comorbidity, and severity of TBI covariates as well as ocular and visual symptoms, geographic access, and evaluating facility; and (c) why some veterans did not follow up with recommendations.

METHODS
Retrospective and survey designs were used. The sample included 2458 veterans who served in the Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom conflicts and received care at one of the five VA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017. Quantitative and qualitative descriptive analyses and stepwise logistic regression were performed.

RESULTS
About 60% of veterans followed up with recommended vision rehabilitation with visits equally split between VA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers and community VA facilities. For each 10-year increase in age, there was a corresponding reduction of 12% in the odds of follow-up. Veterans with decreased visual field had 50% greater odds of follow-up than those who did not. Veterans with difficulty reading had 59% greater odds of follow-up than those who did not. Those who had a double vision had 45% greater odds of follow-up than those who did not.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the need for vision rehabilitation may extend as long as 2 years after TBI. Access to vision rehabilitation is complicated by the paucity of available neuro-optometric services.
Opioid Prescribing Patterns of Optometrists in the Medicare Part D Database
Authors: Dryden Stephen C. , O'Malley Holly A. , Adams Lindsey R. , Nix Garrett C. , Rho Jonathan E. , Vacheron Albert B. , Fleming James C. , Fowler Brian T. 
Published: December 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
This study aimed to determine the prescription rates and prescribing trends of opioids by optometrists in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) part D database from 2013 to 2017 and to assess opioid prescribing patterns of U.S. optometrists in the CMS part D database.

METHODS
With internal review board approval, a retrospective observational cohort study was conducted on optometrists listed in the CMS part D database who prescribed opioids from 2013 to 2017.

RESULTS
There was an average of 26,477 optometrists in the CMS database from 2013 to 2017, of which 5.9% prescribed opioids. Of those prescribing opioids, optometrists wrote an average of 5.9 opioid prescriptions per year. Those writing greater than 10 opioid prescriptions averaged 24.2 annually. Overall, of opioid prescribing optometrists, opioid prescriptions comprised 7% of prescriptions written per year.

CONCLUSIONS
Most optometrists do not prescribe opioids, and the vast majority of those who do write few opioid prescriptions. The total number of optometrists prescribing opioids and the total number of opioid prescriptions declined from 2013 to 2017. Further investigation into the opioid prescribing practices by optometrists will help better understand specific pain needs, as opioid prescribing patterns may differ depending on patient population.
Stereothresholds during Voluntary Head Movement and Disconjugate Image Motion
Authors: Bedell Harold E. , Tsang Dorcas K. , Ukwade Michael T. 
Published: December 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Stereothresholds increase in the presence of disconjugate image motion, whether this motion results from vergence errors that occur during active head movements or is imposed externally.

PURPOSE
During rapid voluntary oscillations of the head, vergence eye position has been reported to vary with a peak-to-peak amplitude of about 0.5°—a considerably greater amplitude than when the head is still. Concurrently, stereopsis was reported to be unaffected by voluntary head motion. In the present study, we measured stereothresholds during voluntary side-to-side head movements and during imposed disconjugate image motion with the head stationary, to simulate that produced during active head movement.

METHODS
Stereothresholds were measured for a pair of 30-arcmin bright vertical lines presented on an oscilloscope and viewed through a custom mirror haploscope. Data were obtained from four normal observers during voluntary side-to-side head movements at temporal frequencies up to 1.5 Hz and also while the head remained still. In addition, stereothresholds were measured with the head stationary when opposite rotations of the galvanometer-driven mirrors in each channel of the haploscope created disconjugate image motion to simulate vergence variability during active head movement.

RESULTS
During head motion, average stereothresholds increased from about 10 to about 14 arcsec. With imposed disconjugate image motion, stereothresholds rose systematically to about 35 arcsec when the peak-to-peak motion amplitude was 0.5°. Stereothresholds depend primarily on the amplitude of imposed motion and only marginally on variations of the disjunctive-motion wave form.

CONCLUSIONS
Stereothresholds are elevated modestly during active head movements. The results obtained with imposed disjunctive image motion are consistent with a previously proposal that stereothresholds vary according to the unsigned, time-averaged deviation of the stereotarget from the plane of the horopter.
COP1 promotes seed germination by destabilizing RGA-LIKE2 (RGL2) in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lee Byoung-Doo , Yim Yehyun , Cañibano Esther , Kim Suk-Hwan , García-León Marta , Rubio Vicente , Fonseca Sandra , Paek Nam-Chon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnder favorable moisture, temperature and light conditions, gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis is induced and triggers seed germination. A major mechanism by which GA promotes seed germination is by promoting the degradation of the DELLA protein RGL2, a major repressor of germination in Arabidopsis seeds. Analysis of seed germination phenotypes of constitutively photomorphogenic 1 (cop1) mutants and complemented COP1-OX/cop1-4 lines in response to GA and paclobutrazol (PAC) suggested a positive role for COP1 in seed germination and a relation with GA signaling. cop1-4 mutant seeds showed PAC hypersensitivity, but transformation with a COP1 overexpression construct rendered them PAC insensitive, with a phenotype similar to that of rgl2 mutant (rgl2-SK54) seeds. Furthermore, cop1-4 rgl2-SK54 double mutants showed a PAC-insensitive germination phenotype like that of rgl2-SK54, identifying COP1 as an upstream negative regulator of RGL2. COP1 interacts directly with RGL2 and in vivo this interaction is strongly enhanced by SPA1. COP1 directly ubiquitinates RGL2 to promote its degradation. Moreover, GA stabilizes COP1 with consequent RGL2 destabilization. By uncovering this COP1-RGL2 regulatory module, we reveal a novel mechanism whereby COP1 positively regulates seed germination and controls the expression of germination-promoting genes.
Obesity affects mitochondrial metabolism and proliferative potential of equine endometrial progenitor cells
Authors: Smieszek Agnieszka , Marcinkowska Klaudia , Pielok Ariadna , Sikora Mateusz , Valihrach Lukas , Carnevale Elaine , Marycz Krzysztof 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the influence of obesity on cellular features of equine endometrial progenitor cells (Eca EPCs), including viability, proliferation capacity, mitochondrial metabolism, and oxidative homeostasis. Eca EPCs derived from non-obese (Non-OB) and obese (OB) mares were characterized by cellular phenotype and multipotency. Obesity-induced changes in the activity of Eca EPCs include the decline of their proliferative activity, clonogenic potential, mitochondrial metabolism and enhanced oxidative stress. Eca EPCs isolated from obese mares were characterized by an increased occurrence of early apoptosis, loss of mitochondrial dynamics, and senescence-associated phenotype. Attenuated metabolism of Eca EPCs OB was related to increased expression of pro-apoptotic markers (CASP9, BAX, P53, P21), enhanced expression of OPN, PI3K and AKT, simultaneously with decreased signaling stabilizing cellular homeostasis (including mitofusin, SIRT1, FOXP3). Obesity alters functional features and the self-renewal potential of endometrial progenitor cells. The impaired cytophysiology of progenitor cells from obese endometrium predict lower regenerative capacity if used as autologous transplants.
Brain-wide neural co-activations in resting human
Authors: Ding Lei , Shou Guofa , Cha Yoon-Hee , Sweeney John A. , Yuan Han 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpontaneous neural activity in human as assessed with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) exhibits brain-wide coordinated patterns in the frequency of <0.1Hz. However, fast brain-wide networks at the timescales of neuronal events (milliseconds to sub-seconds) and their spatial, spectral, and propagational characteristics remain unclear due to the temporal constraints of hemodynamic signals. With milli-second resolution and whole-head coverage, scalp-based electroencephalography (EEG) provides a unique window into brain-wide networks with neuronal-timescale dynamics, shedding light on the organizing principles of brain function. Using state-of-the-art signal processing techniques, we reconstructed cortical neural tomography from resting-state EEG and extracted component-based co-activation patterns (cCAPs). These cCAPs revealed brain-wide intrinsic networks and their dynamics, indicating the configuration/reconfiguration of resting human brains into recurring and propagating functional states, which are featured with the prominent spatial phenomena of global patterns and anti-state pairs of co-(de)activations. Rich oscillational structures across a wide frequency band (i.e., 0.6Hz, 5Hz, and 10Hz) were embedded in the dynamics of these functional states. We further identified a superstructure that regulated between-state propagations and governed a significant aspect of brain-wide network dynamics. These findings demonstrated how resting-state EEG data can be functionally decomposed using cCAPs to reveal rich structures of brain-wide human neural activations.
Molecular Graph Contrastive Learning with Parameterized Explainable Augmentations
Authors: Wang Yingheng , Min Yaosen , Shao Erzhuo , Wu Ji 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTLearning generalizable, transferable, and robust representations for molecule data has always been a challenge. The recent success of contrastive learning (CL) for self-supervised graph representation learning provides a novel perspective to learn molecule representations. The most prevailing graph CL framework is to maximize the agreement of representations in different augmented graph views. However, existing graph CL frameworks usually adopt stochastic augmentations or schemes according to pre-defined rules on the input graph to obtain different graph views in various scales (e.g. node, edge, and subgraph), which may destroy topological semantemes and domain prior in molecule data, leading to suboptimal performance. Therefore, designing parameterized, learnable, and explainable augmentation is quite necessary for molecular graph contrastive learning. A well-designed parameterized augmentation scheme can preserve chemically meaningful structural information and intrinsically essential attributes for molecule graphs, which helps to learn representations that are insensitive to perturbation on unimportant atoms and bonds. In this paper, we propose a novel Molecular Graph Contrastive Learning with Parameterized Explainable Augmentations, MolCLE for brevity, that self-adaptively incorporates chemically significative information from both topological and semantic aspects of molecular graphs. Specifically, we apply deep neural networks to parameterize the augmentation process for both the molecular graph topology and atom attributes, to highlight contributive molecular substructures and recognize underlying chemical semantemes. Comprehensive experiments on a variety of real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed method consistently outperforms compared baselines, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Detailedly, our self-supervised MolCLE model surpasses many supervised counterparts, and meanwhile only uses hundreds of thousands of parameters to achieve comparative results against the state-of-the-art baseline, which has tens of millions of parameters. We also provide detailed case studies to validate the explainability of augmented graph views.CCS CONCEPTS• Mathematics of computing → Graph algorithms; • Applied computing → Bioinformatics; • Computing methodologies → Neural networks; Unsupervised learning.
Regulation of protein complex partners as a compensatory mechanism in aneuploid tumors
Authors: Senger Gökçe , Santaguida Stefano , Schaefer Martin H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAneuploidy, a state of chromosome imbalance, is a hallmark of human tumors, but its role in cancer still remains to be fully elucidated. To understand the consequences of whole chromosome-level aneuploidies on the proteome, we integrated aneuploidy, transcriptomic and proteomic data from hundreds of TCGA/CPTAC tumor samples. We found a surprisingly large number of expression changes happened on other, non-aneuploid chromosomes. Moreover, we identified an association between those changes and co-complex members of proteins from aneuploid chromosomes. This co-abundance association is tightly regulated for aggregation-prone aneuploid proteins and those involved in a smaller number of complexes. On the other hand, we observe that complexes of the cellular core machinery are under functional selection to maintain their stoichiometric balance in aneuploid tumors. Ultimately, we provide evidence that those compensatory and functional maintenance mechanisms are established through post-transcriptional control and that the degree of success of a tumor to deal with aneuploidy-induced stoichiometric imbalance impacts the activation of cellular protein degradation programs and patient survival.