bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Accuracy of School-Based Visual Acuity Screening Programs Among School Children In Vietnam
Authors: Anh Vu Tuan , D'Esposito Fabrizio , Xuan Le Thi Thanh , Van Pham Trong , Nga Tran Thi Hoang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

School-based visual acuity screening programs can help identify students with possible visual impairments, inform their parents of their status and the need for further examination and other conditions to assist students with visual impairments.
Objectives

This study aimed to calculate the prevalence of refractive errors among students and to describe the accuracy of visual acuity screening practices of school staff in some selected provinces in Viet Nam.
Methods

Visual acuity assessments were conducted by trained teachers and nurses at all schools participating in the survey, covering a sample size of 4,838 students. Around 30% of these students were then randomly selected for a close-up examination by ophthalmologists, making up a sub-sample of 1,404 students. The number of cases of low vision based on a set of criteria. The accuracy of visual acuity screening activities by comparing school staff’s and ophthalmologists’ results.
Results

The proportion of students with untreated eye problems and that of students with uncorrected refractive error are currently quite high (at respectively 18.52% and 24.64%), especially in urban areas in Da Nang and Hai Duong provinces. Among every three children with refractive errors (RE), two of them have not received appropriate correction. The accuracy of the visual acuity screenings performed by teachers and school nurses in the project’s target area is demonstrated by a sensitivity of 60.92% and a specificity of 93.76%.
Conclusions

This indicates that efforts toward detecting school students with poor vision at school needs further investments to mitigate the current problems. This outcome suggests that teachers and school nurses need to be trained and equipped further with better skills and knowledge in conducting screening to improve their screening performance.
Implementation of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) Skills Group in High Schools for At-Risk Youth: Going 4 Goals Protocol
Authors: Zapolski Tamika , Whitener MacKenzie , Khazvand Shirin , Crichlow Queenisha , Revilla Rebecca , Salgado Eduardo , Aaslma Matthew C. , Cyders Melissa A. , Salyers Michelle , Wu Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period marked by engaging in risk-taking behaviors, with higher risk among youth who are impulsive or emotionally dysregulated. Thus, interventions that teach skills to reduce the risk for negative outcomes as a consequence of dysregulation are needed. Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) programs have been developed to address both adolescent emotion dysregulation and risk-taking behaviors. However, current programs have mostly been implemented among younger youth and have rarely been empirically evaluated for their effectiveness among high school students. This current study outlines the implementation of a SEL intervention titled “Going 4 Goals,” which is a 9 session adaptation of the Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) program for schools delivered to at-risk high school students in a school setting. The primary outcomes of the study are to test whether participating in the skills group intervention produces significant increases in the core DBT-A skills of mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness while also producing significant decreases in substance use and risky behaviors. These primary outcomes are based on changes in participant scores between baseline and post-intervention, as well as follow-ups at 1, 3, and 6 months in comparison to a control group of youth who are participating in the school’s health curriculum at the same time points. A secondary objective of this study is to also examine the acceptability, facilitators and barriers of the intervention through qualitative interviews with intervention participants and school staff. The current paper describes the protocol of the 9 session school-based adaptation of the DBT-A intervention and discussion of the strengths and limitations of the study, as well as future directions.
Rasch Analysis of The Brain Injury Screening Tool (BIST) in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Shaikh Nusratnaaz , Theadom Alice , Siegert Richard , Hardaker Natalie , King Doug , Hume Patria 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brain Injury Screening Tool (BIST) symptom scale in a sample of people with a mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) through Rasch analysis, and to obtain an interval level measurement score for potential clinical use.
Materials and Methods

Data were obtained from 114 adults aged over 16 years, who had experienced at least one mTBI in the past 10 years. Participants were recruited via social media, concussion clinics and sports organisations over a 4-month period between May and September 2020. Participants were asked to compete the symptom scale of the BIST tool via an anonymous online questionnaire. Internal construct validity, dimensionality, person separation index, and differential item functioning of the BIST were examined with Rasch analysis.
Results

BIST in its original form produced a satisfactory item-trait interaction, and good reliability, but was found to be multi-dimensional. Rasch analysis of the full scale with three domains as subtests resulted in acceptable model fit (χ2(6) = 3.8, p > 0.05), with good reliability (Person Separation Index = 0.84), and uni-dimensionality. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis displayed no significant DIF effects for sex or age revealing that people responded consistently and similarly to the individual BIST items based on severity of symptom burden.
Conclusions

The 15-item symptom scale of the BIST tool is a psychometrically sound measure of symptom burden following mTBI. The findings provide support for use of both total and sub scale scores for clinical use. Ordinal to interval score conversions are recommended for use when using the scores for research purposes in mTBI.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of presepsin in non-infectious organ failure, sepsis, and septic shock: a prospective observational study using Sepsis-3
Authors: Lee Sukyo , Song Juhyun , Park Dae Won , Seok Hyeri , Cha Jae-hyung , Ahn Sejoong , Kim Jooyeong , Park Jonghak , Cho Han-jin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of presepsin among patients with organ failure in the emergency department. This prospective observational study included 420 patients divided into three groups: non-infectious organ failure (n = 142), sepsis (n = 141), and septic shock (n = 137). Optimal cut-off values of presepsin to discriminate between the three groups were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We extracted the optimal cut-off value of presepsin to predict mortality associated with sepsis and septic shock and performed Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis according to the cut-off value. Presepsin levels were significantly higher in sepsis than in non-infectious organ failure (p < 0.001) and significantly higher in septic shock than in sepsis (p = 0.002). The optimal cut-off value for presepsin to discriminate between sepsis and non-infectious organ failure was 582 pg/mL (p < 0.001) and to discriminate between sepsis and septic shock was 1285 pg/mL (p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value for presepsin for predicting 30-day mortality was 821 pg/mL (p = 0.005) in septic patients. Patients with higher presepsin levels (≥ 821 pg/mL) had significantly higher mortality rates than patients with lower presepsin levels (< 821 pg/mL) (log-rank test; p = 0.004). Presepsin levels could effectively differentiate sepsis from non-infectious organ failure and help clinicians identify sepsis patients with poor prognosis.
Does economic development widen or narrow the gap of public health service utilization among different subgroups of internal migrants? Evidence from the China Migrant Dynamic Survey in 2017
Authors: Yang Zhen , Jiang Chenghua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

China is promoting the equalization of National Essential Public Health Services (NEPHS) for the internal migrants (IMs). Studies have analyzed the impact of migration range (MR) and regional economic development level (REDL) on the IMs' NEPHS utilization (NEPHSU), but no studies have explored the interaction of MR and REDL on it.
Methods

Data from the China Migrant Dynamic Survey of 2017, involving 122656 IMs. Per capita GDP was set as the indicator for REDL, and 28 provinces were divided into three groups according to REDL: affluent, medium and poor. The MR was divided into inter-province and intra-province, and social capital (SC) was distinguished into cognitive (CSC) and structural social capital (SSC). Awareness of NEPHS (ANEPHS) and establishment of health record (EHR) were selected as indexes of NEPHSU. Multiple line charts and hierarchical logistic regression were used to investigate the interaction of MR, REDL and SC on NEPHSU.
Results

(1) The socioeconomic status (SES) and social capital (SC) of inter-provincial IMs were significantly lower than those of intra-provincial IMs, and the gap was most prominent in affluent areas. (2) From low to high, the NEPHSU of inter-provincial IMs was ranked as affluent, medium and poor, while the corresponding order of intra-provincial IMs was medium, poor and affluent areas, and the gap of NEPHSU between inter-provincial and intra-provincial IMs was the largest in affluent areas. (3) SC could significantly promote the IMs' NEPHSU, but there was a gap between inter-provincial and intra-provincial IMs, and the gap was the largest in affluent areas.
Conclution:

REDL can significantly affect the gaps of SES and SC among subgroups of IMs with different MR. Inter-provincial migrants in affluent areas have relatively lower SES and SC, which may be a major barrier to their access to NEPHS, and the government should pay special attention to this vulnerable group when promoting equalization of NEPHS for IMs.
Thromboembolic Events Burden in Patients With Solid Tumors and Their Predisposing Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bazarbashi Shouki , Alkhaldi Turkiah , Melaibari Maryam , Almuhisen Sara , Al-Harbi Samar , Aljumaa Jihad , Eldali Abdelmoneim , Maraiki Fatma , Aseafan Mohamed , Owaidah Tarek , Alzahrani Hazzaa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The relationship between cancers and thromboembolic events is well established. In our study we aim to determine the burden of thromboembolic events in patients with solid tumors and identify the risk factors related to their development.Methods: Data on patients with solid tumors and thromboembolism between January 2013 and September 2014 were collected and analyzed. Results: During the studied period 174 patients were identified, 172 (98.9%) of which had venous thrombus embolism. 137 (79%) were diagnosed with deep vein thromboses and 67 (38.5%) with pulmonary embolisms. 84 (48.3%) were symptomatic and 90 (51.7) were incidental at diagnosis. The most common risk factors were female sex, high Body mass index, metastatic stage, colorectal and breast primaries, and anti-neoplastic therapy.Conclusion: Our study confirmed the high burden of thromboembolic events in cancer patients and the relevant risk factors associated with its development.
Urinary Concentrations of Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Tubular Biomarkers, and Clinical Symptoms in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients, Their Family Members and Others in Dry-zone of Sri Lanka: a Small Scale Field-based Case-Control Study
Authors: Taira Kumiko , Kawakami Tomonori , Weragoda Sujithra Kaushaliya , Herath H.M.Ayala S. , Ikenaka Yoshinori , Fujioka Kazutoshi , Hamachandra Madhubhani , Pallewatta Nirmalie , Aoyama Yoshiko , Ishizuka Mayumi , Bonmatin Jean-Marc , Komori Makiko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The growing worldwide prevalence of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has been reported since the 1990’s. Neonicotinoids are systemic insecticides started to use in 1990’s with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulator action, which may cause renal dysfunction as well as neurological symptoms.Methods: We conducted a field-based case-control study in the North Central Dry-zone of Sri Lanka where CKDu was prevailing. We collected spot urine samples of 92 residents, including 15 CKD patients, 15 CKD family members, and 62 neighbors in May or in December 2015, and analyzed seven neonicotinoids and a metabolite by LC-ESI/MS/MS, in addition to two biomarkers of renal tubule activity, Cystatin-C and L-FABP. The symptoms they complained of were also investigated by interview.Results: Urine was almost acidic and significant correlation was found in urinary concentration of Cystatin-C and L-FABP (r=0.71, p<0.001). In CKD patients in compare to non-CKD participants, urine Cystatin-C and L-FABP were significantly higher (p=0.0013, p<0.001, respectively) and more symptoms complained, e.g. finger tremor, fever, and abnormal behavior, as well as high urine volume, appetite loss, and reduced body weight. The detection rates of neonicotinoids were highest in N-desmethyl-acetamiprid 92.4 %, following dinotefuran 17.4 %, thiamethoxam 17.4 %, clothianidin 9.8%, thiacloprid 3.3%, imidacloprid 2.2%, nitenpyram and acetamiprid 0%. Dinotefuran and thiacloprid had not registered in 2015 in Sri Lanka. Between the concentration of urine Cystatin-C and N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, weak negative correlation was observed (r=-0.19, p=0.077)Conclusions: In CKD patients in the area, high urine Cystatin-C/L-FABP and more neurological symptoms were observed. Neonicotinoids exposure of people living in CKDu-epidemic area in Sri Lanka was common. Further investigation is needed to elucidate that occupational neonicotinoid exposure is one of the causes of CKDu and some neurological symptoms, e.g. appropriate timing of urine sampling.
ACURATE neo™ Aortic Valve implantation via carotid artery access: First case report
Authors: Aludaat Chadi , Canville Alexandre , Landolff Quentin , Godin Matthieu , Bauer Fabrice , Doguet Fabien 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background The ACURATE neo™ transcatheter heart valve (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts) is predominantly implanted via femoral access. Implantation via the common carotid artery as an alternative arterial access has never been described.Case presentation We present the case of an 89-year-old woman referred to us for a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). After apparatus imaging of the aortic annulus and the peripheral vascular pathway, the heart team was confronted with a triple challenge: (i) The preferable choice of a self-expanding valve because of a small aortic annulus in an obese woman. (ii) Gaining favorable access to the coronary ostia, considering multiple recent coronary stenting. (iii) Utilizing an alternative arterial access because of staggered iliac and femoral stenosis. Implanting the ACURATE neo™ transcatheter heart valve via carotidal access allowed us to overcome these challenges. The procedure was performed successfully without any short-term complications.Conclusion We report the first case of implantation of an ACURATE neo™ transcatheter heart valve (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts) via the right common carotid artery.
Water Droplet Can Mitigate Dust from Hydrophobized Micro-Post Array Surfaces
Authors: Abubakar Abba , Yilbas Bekir , Al-Qahtani Hussain , Hassan Ghassan , Adukwu Johnny Adukwu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Water droplet rolling motion over the hydrophobized and optically transparent micro-post array surfaces is examined towards dust removal pertinent to self-cleaning applications. Micro-post arrays are replicated over the optically transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. The influence of micro-post array spacing on droplet rolling dynamics is explored for clean and dusty surfaces. The droplet motions over clean and dusty micro-post array surfaces are monitored and quantified. Flow inside the rolling droplet is simulated adopting the experimental conditions. Findings reveal that micro-post gap spacing significantly influences droplet velocity on clean and dusty hydrophobized surfaces. Air trapped within the micro-post gaps acts like a cushion reducing the three-phase contact line and interfacial contact area of the rolling droplet. This gives rise to increased droplet velocity over the micro-post array surface. Droplet kinetic energy dissipation remains large for plain and micro-post arrays with small gap spacings. A Rolling droplet can pick up dust particles from micro-post array gaps; however, few dust residues are observed for large gap spacings. Nevertheless, dust residues are small in quantity over hydrophobized micro-post array surfaces.
Low Awareness of Oral and Injectable PrEP Among High-risk Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: LUNKUSE JANE FRANCES , Kamacooko Onesmus , Muturi-Kioi Vincent , Chinyenze Kundai , Kuteesa Monica O , Price Matt A , Mayanja Yunia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) account for a disproportionate number of new HIV infections worldwide, including Uganda. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective biomedical HIV prevention method, awareness of PrEP among AGYW in Uganda has not been studied systematically. We aimed to assess awareness of PrEP and factors associated with awareness of PrEP among AGYW.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 14-24-year old AGYW at high risk of HIV infection in Kampala, Uganda from January to October 2019. Data on socio-demographics, behavioral and sexual risks were collected by interview. Awareness of oral or injectable PrEP, the latter of which is currently in late-stage trials, was defined as whether an individual had heard about PrEP as an HIV prevention method. Multivariable robust poisson regression model was used to assess factors associated with oral PrEP awareness.Results: We enrolled 285 participants of whom 39.3% were under 20 years old, 54.7% had completed secondary education, 68.8% had multiple sex partners in the past 3 months, 8.8% were screened as high risk drinkers/ alcohol dependent (AUDIT tool) and 21.0% reported sex work as main occupation. Only 23.2% were aware of oral PrEP and 3.9% had heard about injectable PrEP. The prevalence of oral PrEP awareness was significantly higher among volunteers screened as alcohol dependents (aPR 1.89, 95% CI 1.08-3.29) and those with multiple sexual partners (aPR 1.84, 95% CI 1.01-3.35), but was lower among those who reported consistent condom use with recent sexual partners (aPR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.91). Conclusions: Majority of AGYW were not aware of any kind of PrEP. Those with higher risk behavior, i.e. alcohol dependents or multiple sexual partners, were more aware of oral PrEP. Interventions to increase awareness among female youth are needed. Improving PrEP awareness is critical to increasing PrEP uptake among high-risk AGYW in Uganda.
Upregulation of PNCK Promotes Metastasis and Mediates Angiogenesis Via NF-κB/VEGF Signaling Pathway in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Xiaochuan , Weng Youliang , Li Ying , Lin Xiandong , Huang Zongwei , Pan Yuhui , Hong Wenquan , Fu Wankai , Lin Wanzun , Qiu Sufang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies suggest that pregnancy upregulated non-ubiquitous calmodulin kinase (PNCK) depletion represses proliferation and promotes apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. However, the underlying mechanism of the regulatory role of PNCK on NPC invasion and metastasis remains unclear. Methods: The PNCK expression level was detected in specimens of non-metastatic and metastatic NPC by mRNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. The wound-healing and transwell assays were employed to explore the ability of PNCK-mediated cell migration and invasion. Xenograft tumour model was adopted for monitoring tumour progression and lung metastasis was assessed by tail vein injection. Zebrafish model was used to explore the potential action of PNCK on tumor angiogenesis. We used gene set enrichment analysis and correlation analysis for mechanical investigation. Results: Human metastatic NPC samples showed increased PNCK expression in both mRNA and protein levels. In vitro assay showed that shRNA mediated silencing of PNCK inhibited NPC cell migration and invasion, while PNCK overexpression enhanced the metastatic potential of NPC cells. Additionally, in vivo experiments revealed that overexpression of PNCK favored the metastatic foci formation in the lung and tumor angiogenesis. Consistently, a significant increase of metastatic nodules in lungs in mice and the vascular-labeled fluorescence signal of zebrafish inoculated with PNCK-overexpression cells compared to control group. Pathway analysis identified that the depletion of PNCK may inhibits NF-κB/VEGF signaling pathway in NPC.Conclusions: These findings reveal that PNCK knockdown could suppress tumor metastasis and angiogenesis by regulating NF-κB/VEGF signaling pathway in NPC, suggesting that PNCK may represent a therapeutic target for NPC individualized treatment.
Gravitational constant of Electron
Authors: Yadav Aman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the unique relationship between Gravitational and Electrostatic attraction is comprehended which provide us reason and derivation of known modern physics of charged sub-atomic particle and its problem using Newtonian Mechanics. Here, the Plasma frequency of cold electron is used for deriving the attraction constant for charged–mass objects in terms of gravitational constant and by setting the value obtained result in Newton’s gravitational formula it gives us Coulomb’s force. The equation for charged particles placed at a certain distance with some conditions. Furthermore, a short derivation of the classical radius of electron and Bohr’s Radius is shown by using the obtained attraction constant with the justifications.