bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel technique for invasive aortic valve pressure gradient measurement using a 6 Fr Swan-Ganz catheter: a case series
Authors: Agarwal Nayan , Rastogi Ujjwal , Mahmoud Ahmed N , Bhatt Deepak L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Simultaneous left ventricular (LV) and aortic (Ao) pressure gradient assessment has been rendered challenging since the recall of the Langston catheter. Here we describe a simple method for simultaneous LV and Ao pressure gradient assessment using a Swan-Ganz catheter.

Case summary
We describe two cases where assessment of simultaneous left ventricle and Ao valve gradients was done using a Swan-Ganz catheter to assess the degree of Ao stenosis and dynamic LV outflow obstruction.

Discussion
Using Swan-Ganz catheter assessment of simultaneous left ventricle and Ao valve gradients can simplify the procedure with reduced cost and increased patient safety.
Visa for competitiveness: foreign workforce and Italian dairy farms’ performance
Authors: Antonioli Federico , Severini Simone , Vigani Mauro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the impact of foreign labour on the competitiveness of Italian dairy farms relying on the theory of foreign labour in profit functions. Application of an endogenous switching regression model identifies the drivers of adoption of the immigrant workforce. A counterfactual analysis performed on unit labour costs between farms employing and non-employing immigrants suggests the essential role of foreign farmworkers on dairy farms’ competitiveness, which provide a cheaper source of labour. The lower unit labour cost for immigrant workers resembles staunch support to the newly introduced ‘social conditionality’, for a CAP delivering also for farmworkers.
Mycndeficiency underlies the development of orofacial clefts in mice and humans
Authors: Yang Ruihuan , Li Ruyi , Huang Zhuo , Zuo Yining , Yue Haitang , Wu Hailin , Gu Fan , Wang Fei , He Miao , Bian Zhuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNon-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is the most common subphenotype of non-syndromic orofacial clefts arising from genetic and/or environmental perturbations during embryonic development. We previously identified 2p24.2 as a risk locus associated with NSCL/P in the Chinese Han population, and MYCN is a candidate risk gene in this region. To understand the potential function of MYCN in craniofacial development, we generated Wnt1-Cre;Mycnflox/flox mice that exhibited cleft palate, microglossia and micrognathia, resembling the Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) in humans. Further analyses indicated that the cleft palate was secondary to the delayed elevation of palatal shelves caused by micrognathia. The micrognathia resulted from impaired chondrogenic differentiation in Merkel’s cartilage, which limited tongue development, leading to microglossia. In terms of mechanism, Mycn deficiency in cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) downregulated Sox9 expression by inhibiting Wnt5a in a CNCC-derived chondrogenic lineage in Merkel’s cartilage. To investigate whether MYCN deficiency contributed to NSCL/P, we performed direct sequencing targeting all exons and exon–intron boundaries of MYCN in 104 multiplex families with Mendelian NSCL/P and identified a novel pathogenic variant in MYCN. Taken together, our data indicate that ablation of Mycn in mouse CNCCs could resemble PRS by suppressing the Wnt5a-Sox9 signaling pathway in Merkel’s cartilage and that mutations in MYCN may be novel potential causes of NSCL/P.
Structural controllability analysis based on dilations under leader–follower framework
Authors: Sun Shuhui , Ji Zhijian , Lin Chong , Liu Yungang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the structural controllability of leader–follower systems over digraphs is discussed. Firstly, with the aid of leader–follower partition, we analyze the topological characteristics of systems without dilations. Moreover, we divide the digraph into the leader subgraph and the follower subgraph. By analyzing the topological characteristics of the follower subgraph, a sufficient condition to ensure the system structurally controllable is given. Furthermore, some special topologies of follower graphs are analyzed, such as unidirectional cycle graphs and directed paths, and the corresponding sufficient conditions of structural controllability are given. Meanwhile, a method to construct digraphs with structural controllability is presented. Finally, the strong structural controllability of directed tree graphs is considered, as well as the selection mechanism of leaders and the lower bound of the number of leaders under strong structural controllability are given. The above results reflect the effects of topologies on strong (or weak) structural controllability.
Markers of Immune Activation and Inflammation in Individuals With Postacute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Peluso Michael J , Lu Scott , Tang Alex F , Durstenfeld Matthew S , Ho Hsi-en , Goldberg Sarah A , Forman Carrie A , Munter Sadie E , Hoh Rebecca , Tai Viva , Chenna Ahmed , Yee Brandon C , Winslow John W , Petropoulos Christos J , Greenhouse Bryan , Hunt Peter W , Hsue Priscilla Y , Martin Jeffrey N , Daniel Kelly J , Glidden David V , Deeks Steven G , Henrich Timothy J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The biological processes associated with postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) are unknown.

Methods
We measured soluble markers of inflammation in a SARS-CoV-2 recovery cohort at early (&lt;90 days) and late (&gt;90 days) timepoints. We defined PASC as the presence of 1 or more coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–attributed symptoms beyond 90 days. We compared fold-changes in marker values between those with and without PASC using mixed-effects models with terms for PASC and early and late recovery time periods.

Results
During early recovery, those who went on to develop PASC generally had higher levels of cytokine biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor–α (1.14-fold higher mean ratio [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.01–1.28]; P = .028) and interferon-γ–induced protein 10 (1.28-fold higher mean ratio [95% CI, 1.01–1.62]; P = .038). Among those with PASC, there was a trend toward higher interleukin 6 levels during early recovery (1.29-fold higher mean ratio [95% CI, .98–1.70]; P = .07), which became more pronounced in late recovery (1.44-fold higher mean ratio [95% CI, 1.11–1.86]; P &lt; .001). These differences were more pronounced among those with a greater number of PASC symptoms.

Conclusions
Persistent immune activation may be associated with ongoing symptoms following COVID-19. Further characterization of these processes might identify therapeutic targets for those experiencing PASC.
A genomic portrait of Sturnira parvidens: mitochondrial chromosome, repetitive elements, and microsatellite discovery
Authors: Baeza J Antonio , Rodríguez Melissa E , Ortega Jorge 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The yellow-shouldered bat, Sturnira parvidens (Phyllostomidae), is an abundant and widespread species in southern North America and Mesoamerica. Despite its important ecological role, no genomic resources exist for this species. Using low-coverage short Illumina 150 bp pair-end reads sequencing, this study reports the mitochondrial chromosome and nuclear repetitive elements, including microsatellites, in S. parvidens. The mitochondrial genome of S. parvidens is 16,612 bp in length and is comprised of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. Repetitive elements constituted ~67% of the nuclear genome while ~33% of the genome represented single- or low-copy sequences. A moderate proportion of repetitive sequences (31% putative families) could not be assigned to known repeat element families. Considering only annotated repetitive elements, the most ubiquitous repetitive elements belonged to Class I-LINE and Satellite DNA, which were considerably more abundant than Class I-LTR elements and Class II-DNA transposons (TcMar-Mariner and hAT-Charlie). A total of 193 microsatellites were identified.
Outbursts and stellar properties of the classical Be star HD 6226
Authors: Richardson Noel D , Thizy Olivier , Bjorkman Jon E , Carciofi Alex , Rubio Amanda C , Thomas Joshua D , Bjorkman Karen S , Labadie-Bartz Jonathan , Genaro Matheus , Wisniewski John P , Wang Luqian , Gies Douglas R , Chojnowski S Drew , Daly Andrea , Edwards Thompson , Fowler Carlie , Gullingsrud Allison D , Habel Nolan , James David J , Kehoe Emily , Kuchta Heidi , Lane Alexis , Miroshnichenko Anatoly , Mishra Ashish , Pablo Herbert , Peploski Maurice , Pepper Joshua , Rodriguez Joseph E , Siverd Robert J , Stassun Keivan G , Stevens Daniel J , Trucks Jesica L , Windsor James , Wood Mackenna , Bertrand Étienne , Broussat Jean-Jacques , Bryssinck Erik , Buil Christian , Charbonnel Stéphane , de Bruin Arnold , Daglen Joe , Desnoux Valerie , Dull James , Garde Olivier , Graham Keith , Gurney Kevin , Halsey Alun , Fosanelli Patrik , Guarro Fló Joan , Houpert Franck , James Foster , Kreider Christian , Leadbeater Robin , Lester Tim , Li Dong , Maetz Alain , Stiewing Albert , Somogyi Peter , Terry Jean-Noël , Ubaud Stéphane , Waldschlaeger Ulrich 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The bright and understudied classical Be star HD 6226 has exhibited multiple outbursts in the last several years during which the star grew a viscous decretion disc. We analyse 659 optical spectra of the system collected from 2017 to 2020, along with a ultraviolet spectrum from the Hubble Space Telescope and high cadence photometry from both Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) survey. We find that the star has a spectral type of B2.5IIIe, with a rotation rate of 74 per cent of critical. The star is nearly pole-on with an inclination of 13${_{.}^{\circ}}$4. We confirm the spectroscopic pulsational properties previously reported, and report on three photometric oscillations from KELT photometry. The outbursting behaviour is studied with equivalent width measurements of H α and H β, and the variations in both of these can be quantitatively explained with two frequencies through a Fourier analysis. One of the frequencies for the emission outbursts is equal to the difference between two photometric oscillations, linking these pulsation modes to the mass ejection mechanism for some outbursts. During the TESS observation time period of 2019 October 7 to 2019 November 2, the star was building a disc. With a large data set of H α and H β spectroscopy, we are able to determine the time-scales of dissipation in both of these lines, similar to past work on Be stars that has been done with optical photometry. HD 6226 is an ideal target with which to study the Be disc-evolution given its apparent periodic nature, allowing for targeted observations with other facilities in the future.
Amplicon Remodeling and Genomic Mutations Drive Population Dynamics after Segmental Amplification
Authors: Morgenthaler Andrew B , Fritts Ryan K , Copley Shelley D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
New enzymes often evolve by duplication and divergence of genes encoding enzymes with promiscuous activities that have become important in the face of environmental opportunities or challenges. Amplifications that increase the copy number of the gene under selection commonly amplify many surrounding genes. Extra copies of these coamplified genes must be removed, either during or after evolution of a new enzyme. Here we report that amplicon remodeling can begin even before mutations occur in the gene under selection. Amplicon remodeling and mutations elsewhere in the genome that indirectly increase fitness result in complex population dynamics, leading to emergence of clones that have improved fitness by different mechanisms. In this work, one of the two most successful clones had undergone two episodes of amplicon remodeling, leaving only four coamplified genes surrounding the gene under selection. Amplicon remodeling in the other clone resulted in removal of 111 genes from the genome, an acceptable solution under these selection conditions, but one that would certainly impair fitness under other environmental conditions.
Acute myocardial infarction and myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Aye Y N , Mai A S , Zhang A , Lim O Z H , Lin N , Ng C H , Chan M Y , Yip J , Loh P -H , Chew N W S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Emerging reports raise concerns on the potential association between the COVID-19 vaccines and cardiac manifestations. We sought to evaluate cardiac complications associated with COVID-19 vaccination in a pooled analysis from our institution’s cohort study and systematic review. Consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Singapore between 1 January 2021 and 31 March 2021, with the onset of cardiac manifestations within 14 days following COVID-19 vaccination, were studied. Furthermore, a systematic review was performed, with PubMed, Embase, Research Square, MedRxiv and LitCovid databases accessed from inception up to 29 June 2021. Relevant manuscripts reporting individual patient data on cardiac complications following COVID-19 vaccination were included. Thirty patients were included in the study cohort, with 29 diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 1 with myocarditis. Five patients developed heart failure, two had cardiogenic shock, three intubated, and one had cardiovascular-related mortality. In the systematic review, 16 studies were included with 41 myocarditis and 6 AMI cases. In the pooled analysis of the study cohort and the systematic review, 35 patients had AMI and 42 had myocarditis. Majority were men, and myocarditis patients were younger than AMI patients. Myocarditis patients tended to present 72 h postvaccination, while AMI patients were older and typically presented 24 h postvaccination. Majority with AMI or myocarditis developed symptoms after the first and second vaccination dose, respectively. This pooled analysis of patients presenting with cardiac manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination highlights the differences between myocarditis and AMI presentations in temporal association with the vaccination.
How Many Immigrant-Friendly Communities Are in the United States? Classifying the Policy Stream
Authors: Smith Richard J , Schmitt-Sands Catherine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dramatic federal immigration policy proposals and executive actions appear to be a reaction to state and local governments that have taken leadership in responding to immigration. Some local governments have endorsed welcoming immigrants to stabilize high-poverty urban neighborhoods and to enhance regional economic development. Others embrace immigrant incorporation consistent with the social work grand challenge to achieve equal opportunity and justice. This research estimates the number of immigrant-friendly cities and counties in the United States. To generate this estimate, authors prepared a local government policy scan of all municipalities and counties in the United States with a population of more than 500 persons to identify policies designed to recruit or specifically serve immigrants. Authors also categorized these immigrant-friendly policies on a continuum ranging from rhetoric to outreach, integration, and facilitation. Only 7% of cities and 6% of counties were found to have immigrant-friendly policy. However, when taking population into account, nearly half of all people in the municipal sample live in a place with an immigrant-friendly policy. Article concludes with the discussion of the implications for social policy and social work practice.
A Hybrid Concept-Based Clinical Practicum Course: An Innovative Approach to Baccalaureate Nursing Education in a Rural Area
Authors: Owens Rhoda A. , Christian Stephanie J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Reports have called for a radical change in the delivery of nursing education to meet the challenges of providing safe, quality care in a complex health care system. This article presents a new, concept-based bachelor of science in nursing clinical practicum course with hybrid delivery. A concept-based curriculum prepares students for practice by facilitating the development of clinical reasoning and judgment skills. Evaluations from students and faculty indicated positive learning outcomes. The hybrid delivery accommodated students’ varied schedules while practicing in facilities in three rural states.
The Emerging Field of Regenerative Aesthetics—Where We Are Now
Authors: Zarbafian Misha , Fabi Sabrina G. , Dayan Steven , Goldie Kate 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Regenerative aesthetics is an emerging branch of regenerative medicine with therapies aimed at recapturing youthful structure and function using the body's own systems.

OBJECTIVE
To introduce the field of regenerative aesthetics, and to explore themes and evidence surrounding current and emerging therapies in the field.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A review of the literature was performed for each of the 3 pillars of regeneration; namely, stem cells, biochemical cues, and scaffolds.

RESULTS
Herein, we provide an overview of the field of regenerative aesthetics, a discussion surrounding the 3 pillars of regeneration, and an overview of the evidence supporting current and emerging therapeutic modalities that could play a pivotal role in the future of aesthetic treatments.

CONCLUSION
An enhanced understanding of this field can serve to further enhance our awareness about the regenerative effects of therapies we already offer, in addition to providing inspiration for future innovation.
Scapholunate and lunotriquetral interosseous ligament augmentation with internal bracing in perilunate dislocation
Authors: Kang Soo-Hwan , Chae Seungbum , Kim Jongmin , Lee Jiwon , Park Il-Jung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
The goals of surgical treatment of the perilunate dislocation (PLD) are confirmation of reduction, ligament repair, and supplemental fixation of the bony architecture. Open reduction and direct repair of the torn ligament are recommended for acute PLD. However, repair of the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) and lunotriquetral interosseous ligament (LTIL) is often unreliable, and secure repair is challenging. Internal bracing (IB) is an augmentation method that uses high-strength non-absorbable tape and enhances strength and support during the critical period of ligamentous healing. However, there is a paucity of data on the application of IB for PLD in the wrist. We report 3 cases of PLD that were augmented with IB after SLIL and LTIL repair.

Patient concerns:
All 3 cases were men who visited our emergency department with wrist after falling off a ladder.

Diagnoses:
Initial radiographs revealed a dorsal PLD.

Interventions:
Surgically, complete rupture of the SLIL and LTIL were confirmed. K-wires were placed into the scaphoid and lunate and used as joysticks to correct the intercalated segment instability pattern. This usually requires correcting scaphoid flexion and lunate extension and closing the scapholunate interval. Prior to SLIL and LTIL repair, temporary intercarpal fixation was performed with K-wires to maintain the carpal relationship. The dorsal SLIL and LTIL were carefully repaired using suture anchors. However, ligament repair was unreliable, and insecure. In view of the likelihood of insufficient repair, we performed IB augmentation using synthetic tape.

Outcomes:
At the last follow-up, all cases were pain-free and had returned to all activities. The last follow-up radiographs showed good alignment of the carpal bones and no arthritic changes.

Lessons:
IB augmentation can reduce the period of K-wire fixation and cast immobilization and can enable early joint motion. We believe that interosseous ligament augmentation using IB is a reasonable treatment option for PLD.
Chinese herbal medicine for mild cognitive impairment using mini-mental state examination
Authors: Wang Wei , Diwu Yongchang , Liu Qi , Zhou Yuan , Sayed Tayeb Islam , Wang Dongkun , Gou Yurui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly population aged 60 to 84 years ranges from 6.7% to 25.2%, and the effective prevention and reversal of MCI progression to Alzheimer disease (AD) is crucial. The mini mental state examination (MMSE) is the most commonly used screening tool in Chinese outpatient clinics, with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to allow useful stratification from average to abnormal with adequate consideration of age and education.

Objective:
To investigate the clinical significance of Chinese herbs on MMSE scores in MCI patients and discuss the effectiveness of Chinese herbs through pharmacology.

Methods:
Three English databases and 4 Chinese databases we have searched, and the risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane tool. Statistics will be used for heterogeneity assessment, sensitivity analysis, data synthesis, funnel plot generation and subgroup analysis. If sufficiently homogeneous studies are found, a Meta-analysis will be performed, with subgroups describing any differences.

Results:
A total of 21 studies were included, 4 studies were placebo-controlled, 14 Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) were compared with other cognitive improvements, 3 CHMs were combined with other medications, and the results of 17 studies favored the herbal group.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that herbal medicine can improve MMSE scores, and herbal medicine combined with other drugs that can improve cognition can significantly improve MMSE scores, but there are methodological flaws in the study. Experimental studies have found a basis for the ability of herbs to improve cognition and memory impairment, and herbal medicine has great potential to improve MCI cognition. Keywords mild cognitive impairment, herbal medicine, MMSE, systematic evaluation, meta-analysis. PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews protocol registration number: CRD42020202368