bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Masticatory Muscle Size and Bone Regeneration After Mandibular Angle Osteotomy
Authors: Huang Yuanliang , Yang Liya , Lin Yanxian , Mu Lin , Zhao Minghao , Ma Xiaoyang , Teng Li 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mandibular angle osteotomy with outer cortex grinding has become the preferred cosmetic procedure for correcting square faces. After surgery, bone hyperplasia at the mandibular angle affects the operation result. This study evaluated the effect of the masticatory muscles on bone repair. From January 2016 to January 2019, patients who underwent mandibular angle osteotomy with outer cortex grinding were retrospectively reviewed. Computed tomography data of these patients were collected, and the bone volume of the mandibular angle changes and its correlation with masticatory muscle morphology were analyzed. Computed tomography data measurement results showed that a large amount of bone in the mandibular angle area was removed by the operation; however, the long-term follow-up results showed that there was bone hyperplasia in the mandibular angle areas. Compared with the immediate postoperative bone volume, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The thickness and cross-sectional area of the masseter muscle were significantly related to bone regeneration (P < 0.01). This study suggests that mandibular angle osteotomy with outer cortex grinding could ablate the symptoms of a prominent mandibular angle; however, muscle-related bone hyperplasia in the mandibular angle area after surgery was a non-negligible event, which may significantly compromise surgical outcomes.
Assessing the Safety of a Novel Neonatal Anesthesia Protocol: A Review of 101 Patients With Early Cleft Lip Repair
Authors: Wlodarczyk Jordan R. , Higuchi Emma C. , Liu Alice , Urata Marcus M. , Gabreel Waleed , Wolfswinkel Erik M. , Lau Jennifer , Matar Marla , Magee William P. , Urata Mark M. , Hammoudeh Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
Our study introduces a novel anesthetic protocol for neonates without using volatile agents with the goal to minimize potentially neurotoxic and pro-apoptotic agents. The authors evaluated the short-term safety and efficacy of our anesthetic protocol in patients undergoing early cleft lip repair (ECLR).

Methods:
A retrospective review of ECLR patients who underwent repair before 2.5 months of age within the last 4.3 years was performed. This sample was comprised of 2 groups, those who received either a standard volatile gas-based regimen or a dexmedetomidine-based neonatal anesthetic protocol (DBNAP). Patient demographics, medication dosing, anesthetic time (induction to extubation), major and minor complications, and medication side effects were compared between the 2 cohorts.

Results:
A total of 101 patients underwent ECLR. All patients were American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1 or 2. Mean age at surgery was 31 ± 13 days and mean anesthetic time was 179 ± 36 minutes. DBNAP was used in 65 patients while the standard anesthetic protocol was used in 36 patients. Patient weight was significantly lower in the DBNAP group (4.01 ± 0.61 versus 4.38 ± 0.72 kg, P
= 0.007). There were no significant differences between the 2 cohorts when comparing anesthetic time, emergence time, complication rate, or medication side effects.

Conclusion:
For patients undergoing ECLR, DBNAP is perioperatively equivalent to the anesthetic standard of care, demonstrating no major complications and acceptable rates of minor complications and medication side effects.
Effect of One-Stage Bilateral Cleft Lip, Nose, and Alveolus Repair Following Nasoalveolar Molding on the Premaxilla Position at Preadolescence: An 8-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Traube Isaac M. , Cutting Court B. , Grayson Barry H. , Shetye Pradip R. 
Published: July 2021

Background/Purpose:
This paper describes the changes in maxillary arch morphology in infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) following nasoalveolar molding (NAM) and with follow up to assess the need for secondary alveolar bone grafting (ABG) and premaxillary repositioning surgery at preadolescence.

Methods/Description:
Treatment records of infants with BCLP treated with NAM between 2003 and 2013 were reviewed. Patients with complete BCLP who underwent NAM and had complete sets of maxillary casts at T 0 pre-NAM (mean = 27 days), T 1 post-NAM (mean = 6 months and 5 days), and T 2 before palate surgery (mean = 11 months and 15 days) were included. The sample comprised 23 infants (18 male, 5 female). Casts were digitized and analyzed using three dimensional software. The need for secondary ABG and premaxillary repositioning surgery was assessed at preadolescent follow-up (mean = 8.3 years).

Results:
Cleft width was reduced on average by 4.73 mm (SD±3.15 mm) and 6.56 mm (SD±4.65) on the right and left sides, respectively. At T 1, 13 (56.52%) patients underwent bilateral gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP), 8 (34.78%) patients unilateral GPP, and 2 patients (8.7%) did not undergo GPP. 34/46 clefts sites (73.91%) underwent GPP while 12 (26.08%) did not. At preadolescent follow-up of 19 patients, 7 patients (36.84%) did not need ABG on either side, 8 (42.10%) needed ABG on 1 side, and 4 (21.05%) needed ABG on both sides. None of the patients needed premaxillary repositioning surgery.

Conclusions:
Nasoalveolar molding treatment significantly improves the position of the premaxilla before primary repair, and there is a significant reduction in the need for secondary ABG and premaxillary repositioning surgery at preadolescence.
A 2-fold Approach to Polyoma Virus (BK) Nephropathy in Kidney Transplants: Distinguishing Direct Virus Effects From Cognate T Cell–mediated Inflammation
Authors: Halloran Philip F. , Madill-Thomsen Katelynn S. , Böhmig Georg A. , Myslak Marek , Gupta Gaurav , Kumar Dhiren , Viklicky Ondrej , Perkowska-Ptasinska Agnieszka , Famulski Konrad S. 
Published: July 2021

Background.
BK nephropathy (BKN) in kidney transplants diagnosed by histology is challenging because it involves damage from both virus activity and cognate T cell–mediated inflammation, directed against alloantigens (rejection) or viral antigens. The present study of indication biopsies from the Integrated Diagnostic System in the International Collaborative Microarray Study Extension study measured major capsid viral protein 2 (VP2) mRNA to assess virus activity and a T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) classifier to assess cognate T cell–mediated inflammation.

Methods.
Biopsies were assessed by local standard-of-care histology and by genome-wide microarrays and Molecular Microscope Diagnostic System (MMDx) algorithms to detect rejection and injury. In a subset of 102 biopsies (50 BKN and 52 BKN-negative biopsies with various abnormalities), we measured VP2 transcripts by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results.
BKN was diagnosed in 55 of 1679 biopsies; 30 had cognate T cell–mediated activity assessed by by MMDx and TCMR lesions, but only 3 of 30 were histologically diagnosed as TCMR. We developed a BKN probability classifier that predicted histologic BKN (area under the curve = 0.82). Virus activity (VP2 expression) was highly selective for BKN (area under the curve = 0.94) and correlated with acute injury, atrophy–fibrosis, macrophage activation, and the BKN classifier, but not with the TCMR classifier. BKN with molecular TCMR had more tubulitis and inflammation than BKN without molecular TCMR. In 5 BKN cases with second biopsies, VP2 mRNA decreased in second biopsies, whereas in 4 of 5 TCMR classifiers, scores increased. Genes and pathways associated with BKN and VP2 mRNA were similar, reflecting injury, inflammation, and macrophage activation but none was selective for BKN.

Conclusions.
Risk–benefit decisions in BKN may be assisted by quantitative assessment of the 2 major pathologic processes, virus activity and cognate T cell–mediated inflammation.
Spatiotemporal droplet dispersion measurements demonstrate face masks reduce risks from singing: results from the COvid aNd FacEmaSkS Study (CONFESS)
Authors: Ho Kai Man Alexander , Davies Hywel , Epstein Ruth , Bassett Paul , Hogan Áine , Kabir Yusuf , Rubin John , Shin Gee Yen , Reid Jonathan P. , Torii Ryo , Tiwari Manish K. , Balachandran Ramanarayanan , Lovat Laurence B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 has restricted singing in communal worship. We sought to understand variations in droplet transmission and the impact of wearing face masks.MethodsUsing rapid laser planar imaging, we measured droplets while participants exhaled, said ‘hello’ or ‘snake’, sang a note or ‘Happy Birthday’, with and without surgical face masks. We measured mean velocity magnitude (MVM), time averaged droplet number (TADN) and maximum droplet number (MDN). Multilevel regression models were used.ResultsIn 20 participants, sound intensity was 71 Decibels (dB) for speaking and 85 dB for singing (p<0.001). MVM was similar for all tasks with no clear hierarchy between vocal tasks or people and >85% reduction wearing face masks. Droplet transmission varied widely, particularly for singing. Masks decreased TADN by 99% (p<0.001) and MDN by 98% (p<0.001) for singing and 86-97% for other tasks. Masks reduced variance by up to 48%. When wearing a mask, neither singing task transmitted more droplets than exhaling.ConclusionsWide variation exists for droplet production. This significantly reduced when wearing face masks. Singing during religious worship wearing a face mask appears as safe as exhaling or talking. This has implications for UK public health guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Impacts of COVID-19 public measures on country-level trade flows: Global panel regression analysis
Authors: Szabo Sylvia , Srisawasdi Worawat , Tsusaka Takuji W , Kadigi Reuben M.J. , Vause James , Burgess Neil D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs of 10 July 2021, there have been over 186 million cases of COVID-19 and more than four million died as a result of this disease. The COVID-19 outbreak has also contributed to tremendous global decline in trade flows. The rapid spread of COVID-19 and the measures implemented by governments to contain the pandemic have had serious consequences for the world’s economies. While the pandemic has affected the international movement of people, goods and services, there is still limited systematic research regarding the possible associations between the COVID-19 measures on countries’ international trade flows. To fill this gap, we conducted regression analysis based on country level time series data from the United Nations and World Bank datasets. The results of the random effects panel regression models show that, the country import and export values are positively affected by health-related policies, while there is a negative association between stringency measures and import and export values. More specifically, school closing, stay-at-home requirements, and testing policy measures were found to have significant negative effects on countries’ trade values. In contrast, facial covering policies were found to have significant positive effects on countries’ import, export and total trade values.
Suicidal Ideation in Dementia: Associations with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Subtype Diagnosis
Authors: Naismith Hamish , Howard Robert , Stewart Robert , Pitman Alexandra , Mueller Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate factors associated with suicidal ideation around the time of dementia diagnosis. We hypothesised that relatively preserved cognition, co-occurring physical and psychiatric disorders, functional impairments and dementia diagnosis subtype would be associated with higher risk of suicidal ideation.DesignCross-sectional study using routinely collected electronic mental healthcare records.SettingNational Health Service secondary mental healthcare services in South London, United Kingdom, which serve a population of over 1.36 million residents.ParticipantsPatients who received a diagnosis of dementia (Alzheimer’s, vascular, mixed Alzheimer’s/vascular or dementia with Lewy bodies) between 1/1/2007-30/6/2016. 11,787 people with dementia were identified during the observation period.MeasurementsA natural language processing algorithm was used to identify recorded clinician statements about suicidal ideation around the time of dementia diagnosis.Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were also measured around the time of diagnosis. We compared people diagnosed with non-Alzheimer’s dementia to those with Alzheimer’s and used statistical models to adjust for putative confounders.Results4.8% of patients identified with dementia had recorded suicidal ideation. Recorded suicidal ideation was almost twice as common in dementia with Lewy bodies compared to other dementia diagnoses studied. After adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors, dementia with Lewy bodies, physical illnesses or disability and neuropsychiatric symptoms were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Mini-Mental State Examination score at diagnosis was not associated with suicidal ideation.ConclusionsAlthough completed suicide is rare, suicidal ideation is present in sufficient proportions of people with dementia to justify treatment of potentially modifiable risk factors within dementia care pathways.
Bias, precision and timeliness of historical (background) rate comparison methods for vaccine safety monitoring: an empirical multi-database analysis
Authors: Li Xintong , Lai Lana YH , Ostropolets Anna , Arshad Faaizah , Tan Eng Hooi , Casajust Paula , Alshammari Thamir M , Duarte-Salles Talita , Minty Evan P , Areia Carlos , Pratt Nicole , Ryan Patrick B , Hripcsak George , Suchard Marc A , Schuemie Martijn J , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTUsing real-world data and past vaccination data, we conducted a large-scale experiment to quantify bias, precision and timeliness of different study designs to estimate historical background (expected) compared to post-vaccination (observed) rates of safety events for several vaccines. We used negative (not causally related) and positive control outcomes. The latter were synthetically generated true safety signals with incident rate ratios ranging from 1.5 to 4.Observed vs. expected analysis using within-database historical background rates is a sensitive but unspecific method for the identification of potential vaccine safety signals. Despite good discrimination, most analyses showed a tendency to overestimate risks, with 20%-100% type 1 error, but low (0% to 20%) type 2 error in the large databases included in our study. Efforts to improve the comparability of background and post-vaccine rates, including age-sex adjustment and anchoring background rates around a visit, reduced type 1 error and improved precision but residual systematic error persisted. Additionally, empirical calibration dramatically reduced type 1 to nominal but came at the cost of increasing type 2 error.Our study found that within-database background rate comparison is a sensitive but unspecific method to identify vaccine safety signals. The method is positively biased, with low (<=20%) type 2 error, and 20% to 100% of negative control outcomes were incorrectly identified as safety signals due to type 1 error. Age-sex adjustment and anchoring background rate estimates around a healthcare visit are useful strategies to reduce false positives, with little impact on type 2 error.Sufficient sensitivity was reached for the identification of safety signals by month 1-2 for vaccines with quick uptake (e.g., seasonal influenza), but much later (up to month 9) for vaccines with slower uptake (e.g., varicella-zoster or papillomavirus). Finally, we reported that empirical calibration using negative control outcomes reduces type 1 error to nominal at the cost of increasing type 2 error.
Metabolomic Profiles of Scleroderma-PAH are different than idiopathic PAH and associated with worse clinical outcomes
Authors: Alotaibi Mona , Shao Junzhe , Pauciulo Michael W. , Nichols William C. , Hemnes Anna R. , Malhotra Atul , Kim Nick H. , Yuan Jason X.-J. , Fernandes Timothy , Kerr Kim M. , Alshawabkeh Laith , Desai Ankit A. , Watrous Jeramie D. , Cheng Susan , Long Tao , Chan Stephen Y. , Jain Mohit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe molecular signature in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH) relative to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) remain unclear. We hypothesize that patients with SSc-PAH exhibit unfavorable bioactive metabolite derangements compared to IPAH that contribute to their poor prognosis and limited response to therapy. We sought to determine whether circulating bioactive metabolites are differentially altered in SSc-PAH versus IPAH.Plasma biosamples from 415 patients with SSc-PAH (cases) and 1115 patients with IPAH (controls) were included in the study. Over 700 bioactive metabolites were assayed in plasma samples from independent discovery and validation cohorts using liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based approaches. Regression analyses were used to identify metabolites which exhibited differential levels between SSc-PAH and IPAH and associated with disease severity.From among hundreds of circulating bioactive molecules, twelve metabolites were found to distinguish between SSc-PAH and IPAH, as well as associate with PAH disease severity. SSc-PAH patients had increased levels of fatty acid metabolites including lignoceric acid and nervonic acid, as well as kynurenine, polyamines, eicosanoids/oxylipins and sex hormone metabolites relative to IPAH. In conclusion, SSc-PAH patients are characterized by an unfavorable bioactive metabolic profile that may explain the poor and limited response to therapy. These data provide important metabolic insights into the pathogenesis of SSc-PAH.Take Home MessageAmong patients with PAH, those with SSc-PAH suffer disproportionately worse outcomes and disease course. This study represents the most comprehensive analysis of bioactive metabolites profiling comparing two subgroups of PAH. The findings shed light on key differences between SSc-PAH and IPAH that provide important metabolic insight into the disease pathogenesis.
The risk of drug resistance during long-acting antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Nande Anjalika , Hill Alison L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe emergence of drug resistance during antimicrobial therapy is a major global health problem, especially for chronic infections like HIV, hepatitis B and C, and TB. Sub-optimal adherence to long-term treatment is an important contributor to resistance risk. New long-acting drugs are being developed for weekly, monthly, or less frequent dosing to improve adherence, but may lead to long-term exposure to intermediate drug levels. In this study we analyze the effect of dosing frequency on the risk of resistance evolving during time-varying drug levels. We find that long-acting therapies can increase, decrease, or have little effect on resistance, depending on the source (pre-existing or de novo) and degree of resistance, and rates of drug absorption and clearance. Long-acting therapies with rapid drug absorption, slow clearance, and strong WT inhibition tend to reduce resistance risks due to partially resistant strains in the early stages of treatment even if they don’t improve adherence. However, if subpopulations of microbes persist and can reactivate during suboptimal treatment, longer-acting therapies may substantially increase the resistance risk. Our results show that drug kinetics affect selection for resistance in a complicated manner, and that pathogen-specific models are needed to evaluate the benefits of new long-acting therapies.
Alterations to the gut microbiome after sport-related concussion and subconcussive impacts in a collegiate football players cohort
Authors: Soriano Sirena , Curry Kristen , Sadrameli Saeed , Wang Qi , Nute Michael , Reeves Elizabeth , Kabir Rasadul , Wiese Jonathan , Criswell Amber , Schodrof Sarah , Britz Gavin , Gadhia Rajan , Podell Kenneth , Treangen Todd , Villapol Sonia 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTConcussions, both single and repetitive, during contact sports cause brain and body alterations in athletes. The role of the brain-gut connection and changes in the microbiota have not been well established after a head injury or concussion-related health consequences. We recruited 33 Division I Collegiate football players and collected blood, stool, and saliva samples throughout the athletic season. Analysis of the gut microbiome reveals a decrease in abundance for two bacterial species, Eubacterium rectale, and Anaerostipes hadrus, after a diagnosed concussion. No significant differences were found regarding the salivary microbiome. Serum biomarker analysis shows an increase in GFAP blood levels in athletes during athletic activity. Additionally, S100β and SAA blood levels were positively correlated with the abundance of Eubacterium rectale species among athletes exposed to subconcussive impacts. These novel findings provide evidence that detecting changes in the gut microbiome may pave the way for improved concussion diagnosis following head injury.
Plasma P-selectin is an early marker of thromboembolism in COVID-19
Authors: Fenyves Bánk G. , Mehta Arnav , Kays Kyle R. ,   MGH COVID-19 Collection & Processing Team, Goldberg Marcia B. , Hacohen Nir , Filbin Michael R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCoagulopathy and thromboembolism are known complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mechanisms of COVID-19-associated hematologic complications involve endothelial cell and platelet dysfunction and have been intensively studied. We leveraged a prospectively collected acute COVID-19 biorepository to study the association of plasma levels of a comprehensive list of coagulation proteins with the occurrence of venous thromboembolic events (VTE). We included in our analysis 305 subjects with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who presented to an urban Emergency Department with acute respiratory distress during the first COVID-19 surge in 2020; 13 (4.2%) were subsequently diagnosed with venous thromboembolism during hospitalization. Serial samples were obtained and assays were performed on two highly-multiplexed proteomic platforms. Nine coagulation proteins were differentially expressed in patients with thromboembolic events. P-selectin, a cell adhesion molecule on the surface of activated endothelial cells, displayed the strongest association with the diagnosis of VTE, independent of disease severity (p=0.0025). This supports the importance of endothelial activation in the mechanistic pathway of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19. P-selectin together with D-dimer upon hospital presentation provided better discriminative ability for VTE diagnosis than D-dimer alone.