bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of cranberry supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication in H. pylori positive subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Nikbazm Ronak , Rahimi Zahra , Moradi Yousef , Alipour Meysam , Shidfar Farzad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHelicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections. Cranberry has been suggested for H. pylori eradication. We aimed to conduct the first meta-analysis to summarise current evidence on effects of cranberry supplementation on H. pylori eradication in H. pylori positive subjects. We searched the online databases up to December 2020. Four randomised clinical trials (RCT) were included with human subjects, investigating the effect of cranberry on H. pylori eradication. The pooled results were expressed as the OR with 95 % CI. Based on five effect sizes with a total sample size of 1935 individuals, we found that according to the OR, there was a positive effect of cranberry supplementation on H. pylori eradication, increasing the chance of H. pylori eradication by 1·27 times, but this relationship was not statistically significant (overall OR: 1·27; 95 % CI 0·63, 2·58). The results also indicated the moderate between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 63·40 %; P = 0·03) of the studies. However, there were no significant differences in some subgroup analyses in the duration of treatment, the duration of follow-up and the Jadad score. Our findings revealed that although cranberry had a positive effect on H. pylori eradication in adults, this effect was not statistically significant. Due to the small number of included studies and moderate heterogeneities, the potential of cranberry supplementation on H. pylori eradication should be validated in large, multicentre and well-designed RCT in the future.
Impediments to expropriation. Peasant property rights in medieval England and Marcher Wales
Authors: Schofield Phillipp R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an attempt will be made to discuss the likely context for pre-plague indications of expropriation and its limits. There is plentiful evidence of an active land market in medieval villages by the end of the thirteenth century, and most likely for some time earlier. Fluctuation in the rate of buying and selling coincided with difficult harvest years and suggests a link between impecunious peasant sellers and wealthier peasant buyers. There is also some association between the selling of land and pre-existing indebtedness. In a period of partial commercial and market development, the extent to which exchange of land or of moveables proceeded to a significant structural redistribution of land and resources was constrained, and even in those parts of the country where an early peasant land market was well-established, significant adjustment is not evident. Instead, impediments to expropriation, such as seigneurial control of peasant land and limited capacity for extensive capital accumulation, acted as constraints on significant accumulation and redistribution. That said, there is limited suggestion in our sources of a redistribution of property rights associable with inequality of dealing and the advantage of wealthier landholders and creditors. In exploring this last point, particular use is made of the court records for the Welsh marcher lordship of Dyffryn Clwyd.
Democracy and the Preparation and Conduct of War
Authors: Crawford Neta C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn Ethics, Security, and the War-Machine, Ned Dobos highlights several negative consequences the preparation for war has for individuals and states. But he misses what I consider perhaps the most significant consequence of military mobilization for states, especially democracies: how war and the preparation for it affect deliberative politics. While many argue that all states, including democracies, require strong militaries—and there is some evidence that long wars can build democracies and states—I focus on the other effects of militarization and war on democratic states. War and militarism are antipodal to democracy and undermine it. Their normative bases are conflicting—democracy takes force off the table, whereas force is legitimate in war. Thus, while militarism and militarization can sometimes yield liberalization and the expansion of civil rights, they are arguably more likely to undermine democratic norms and practices.
Immune status affects the clinical features and outcomes of adult patients with respiratory adenovirus infection
Authors: Zhao Handan , Zhou Minghan , Zheng Qing , Lang Guanjing , Xu Lijun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The differences in the clinical features and outcomes of respiratory adenovirus infection (RAI) between immunocompetent and immunocompromised adult patients remain unclear. Thirty-nine adult RAI patients, including 28 (71.8%) immunocompetent patients and 11 (28.2%) immunocompromised patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Demographic characteristics, symptoms, laboratory tests, radiographic findings, therapies and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. We found fever (94.9%), cough (66.7%) and sputum production (56.4%) were the most frequent symptoms. Compared with immunocompetent RAI patients, the immunocompromised RAI patients were more likely to experience anaemia (g/l; 90.8 ± 24.0 vs 134.3 ± 14.6, P < 0.001), thrombocytopaenia ( × 109/l; 116.9 ± 92.7 vs 178.4 ± 74.6, P = 0.037), hypoalbuminaemia (g/l; 29.6 ± 5.5 vs 36.9 ± 5.2, P < 0.001), hyponatraemia (mmol/l; 134.8 ± 5.6 vs 138.5 ± 3.9, P = 0.026) and low levels of cholinesterase (U/l; 2650.5 ± 1467.4 vs 5892.8 ± 1875.1, P < 0.001). Chest computed tomography (CT) scans indicated that lung infiltrate was the most common finding (64.1%). Immunocompromised patients had a higher likelihood of bilateral lung involvement (72.7%) and lower lobe involvement (81.8%) of both lungs. The hospitalized mortality rate was 27.3% in immunocompromised RAI patients, but no death occurred among immunocompetent RAI patients (P = 0.018). Our data suggested immunocompromised RAI patients had worse laboratory test results, more bilateral lung and lower lobe involvement and higher in-hospital mortality compared with immunocompetent RAI patients.
El Niño‐Related Vertical Mixing Enhancement Under the Winter Mixed Layer at Western Subarctic North Pacific Station K2
Authors: Nagano Akira , Wakita Masahide , Fujiki Tetsuichi , Uchida Hiroshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe conducted a current velocity and hydrographic time series observation in the upper ocean by deploying a mooring buoy at station K2 (N, E) from July 2015 to June 2019 to understand the physical conditions that affect the acidification of the winter mixed layer (ML) water in the western subarctic North Pacific. Disturbances with substantial current velocity shear were excited by the wind changes remotely related to the 2015/2016 and 2018/2019 El Niño events. The density stratification beneath the ML was also weakened in winter, particularly the El Niño years. Based on the bulk Richardson number mixing scheme, we found that the El Niño‐related strengthening of the current velocity shear enhanced the vertical diffusivity beneath the winter ML driven by the near‐inertial current velocity variation. The weakening of the density stratification is ineffective in enhancing the vertical diffusivity. It is suggested that the El Niño‐related large vertical mixing accelerates the acidification of the winter ML water through the enhancement of the entrainment of the deep water that is rich in dissolved inorganic carbon.
Assessment to China's Recent Emission Pattern Shifts
Authors: Guan Yuru , Shan Yuli , Huang Qi , Chen Huilin , Wang Dan , Hubacek Klaus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnergy and emission data are crucial to climate change research and mitigation efforts. The accuracy of energy statistics is essential for mitigation strategies and evaluating the performance of low carbon energy transition efforts. This study provides the most up‐to‐date emission inventories for China and its provinces for 2018 and 2019. We also update the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission inventories of China and 30 provinces since 2012 based on the newly revised energy statistics. The inventories are compiled in a combined accounting approach of scope 1 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change territorial emissions from 17 types of fossil fuel combustion and cement production by 47 socioeconomic sectors) and scope 2 (emissions from purchased electricity and heat consumption). The most recent energy revision led to an increase in reported national CO2 emissions by an average of 0.3% from 2014 to 2017. The results show that data revisions raised China's carbon intensity mitigation baseline (in 2005) by 5.1%–10.8% and thus made it more challenging to fulfill the mitigation pledges. However, the 2020 carbon intensity mitigation target was achieved ahead of schedule in 2018. A preliminary estimate of China's national emissions for 2020 shows that the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown was not able to offset China's annual increase in CO2 emissions. These emissions inventories provide an improved evidence base for China's policies toward net‐zero emissions.
The Magnitude of IMF By Influences the Magnetotail Response to Solar Wind Forcing
Authors: Holappa Lauri , Reistad Jone Peter , Ohma Anders , Gabrielse Christine , Sur Dibyendu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of substorms are known to be dominated by the North‐South () component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF), which is the most important driver of the dayside reconnection. Even though the dawn‐dusk () component is also known to play a role in substorm dynamics, its effects are not yet fully understood. In this paper we study how IMF modulates the onset latitude, strength and occurrence frequency of substorms as well as the isotropic boundary (IB) latitude of energetic protons. We show that the substorm onset latitude and the IB latitude are about one degree lower for large magnitude ( nT) than for small . In contrast, the substorm occurrence frequency is larger for small . We suggest that the magnetotail is more stable during large , requiring the magnetotail lobes (and hence the polar cap) to contain more flux to initiate a substorm compared to the situation when is small.
Phase‐Field Simulation of Hydraulic Fracturing by CO2, Water and Nitrogen in 2D and Comparison With Laboratory Data
Authors: Feng Yixuan , Haugen Kjetil , Firoozabadi Abbas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydraulic fracturing of tight subsurface formations has mainly been conducted using water. Waterless hydraulic fracturing by CO2 may have advantages over fracturing by water. The challenge has been numerical simulation of the process. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive study on 2D hydraulic fracturing simulation by water, CO2, and nitrogen. The simulations are based on the phase‐field; the results are compared with the lab data. We first present advances in simulation of fluid exchange between the fractures and the rock matrix. The conventional nodal‐based finite element method may give rise to unphysical negative pressure around the tip and fracture notch. We demonstrate that the mixed hybrid finite element method gives non‐negative pressure distribution. Next, we examine the effect of inertial term on fracture configuration and observe branching by CO2 under dynamic formulation with a low critical energy release rate. Lastly, we find from our simulations that in shale rocks, the critical energy release rate is the lowest for CO2, followed by nitrogen, and then water. Consequently, CO2 provides the highest fracture surface area and fracture intensity. In a sandstone sample we find nitrogen has a lower energy release rate than water. As a result, the fracture surface area is higher for nitrogen than water. Our simulation results confirm that the phase‐field method may incorporate fluid‐rock surface free energy without the need for various parameter adjustments.
Comparing the Influence of Global Warming and Urban Anthropogenic Heat on Extreme Precipitation in Urbanized Pearl River Delta Area Based on Dynamical Downscaling
Authors: Fung Kwun Yip , Tam Chi‐Yung , Lee Tsz Cheung , Wang Ziqian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study compares the impacts of global warming and intense urban anthropogenic heat (AH) on extreme hourly precipitation over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) megacity, located in coastal South China. Using the cloud‐resolving Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the single‐layer urban canopy model (SLUCM), three downscaling experiments were carried out: the first (second) having zero (300 W/m2) as diurnal maximum AH values prescribed over PRD urban grids, under the current climate conditions. The third experiment with diurnal maximum AH of 300 W/m2 under future projected climate representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. Boundary conditions were derived from PRD extreme rainfall episodes, identified from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model (GFDL‐ESM2M) historical and RCP8.5 runs. Global warming forcing leads to ∼20% to more than 100% increase in the probability of hourly precipitation with the magnitude of 20–100 mm/hr over urban locations. The enhancements from intense AH forcing were similar. However, two forcings have distinct signatures in modulating the thermodynamic environment. Warming due to AH is limited to the lowest 1 km above ground, while global warming warms up the whole troposphere. Intense AH results in enhanced convective available potential energy (CAPE) and reduced convective inhibition (CIN) within the megacity, allowing convection to be triggered more easily and with more vigor. On the other hand, global warming enhances CAPE and CIN, over both urban and rural areas. Our results highlight the different mechanisms of AH and global warming in exacerbating extreme urban rainfall, despite the similar impacts on the rainfall intensity.
Characteristics and Scaling of the Stable Marine Internal Boundary Layer
Authors: Jiang Qingfang , Wang Qing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe characteristics of a stable internal boundary layer (SIBL) offshore of Duck, North Carolina documented during CASPER‐EAST have been examined using surface layer‐resolving large eddy simulations. Under the influence of steady offshore winds, a SIBL develops over the coastal waters with its depth growing with the offshore advection time (TA) as ∼. The SIBL includes an internal equilibrium layer above the surface where the heat and momentum fluxes linearly decrease with height and a transition layer aloft. The offshore area can be partitioned into three distinct zones, namely, a nearshore zone (NSZ, TA < Td/3), an intermediate offshore zone (IOZ, Td/3 < TA < Td), and a far‐offshore zone (FOZ, TA > Td), where Td is the vertically‐averaged turbulent dissipation time. The advection of turbulence from land plays a significant role in the momentum and scalar budgets over the NSZ. Consequently, the Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) becomes invalid, and local similarity theory is applicable only above the SIBL in the NSZ. In the IOZ, the advection of turbulence from land is less important but still non‐negligible. As a result, while the dimensionless standard deviations of winds and potential temperature converge toward the MOST curves, the dimensionless gradients are smaller than their counterparts in the FOZ. In the FOZ, the advection from land becomes negligible, and MOST is applicable throughout the constant flux layer. Over the IOZ and the FOZ, LST works reasonably well within the SIBL.
Nonlocal Population Sources Triggering Dinoflagellate Blooms in the Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent Seas: A Modeling Study
Authors: Xu Lingjing , Yang Dezhou , Yu Rencheng , Feng Xingru , Gao Guandong , Cui Xuan , Bai Tao , Yin Baoshu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDinoflagellates frequently cause harmful, large‐scale spring algal blooms in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent seas of China. However, the population source of some dinoflagellates in this area remains unknown. We deployed an adjoint model and a coupled physical‐biological model to explore the possible nonlocal dinoflagellate population sources to the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent seas. Our simulation results revealed that the Taiwan Strait and the area east of Taiwan are two nonlocal source regions of May dinoflagellate blooms in the study area. Under different hydrodynamic and biochemical conditions, dinoflagellates from the Taiwan Strait directly triggered dinoflagellate blooms from south to north along the coast of China. Dinoflagellates from the area east of Taiwan first concentrated and bred in the offshore temperature frontal area and then spread southwestward, triggering dinoflagellate blooms along the Zhejiang coast. Due to the different influence mechanisms, it took longer for the initial dinoflagellate population in the Taiwan Strait to exert the same impact on dinoflagellate blooms in the study area as that from the area east of Taiwan. Moreover, the density and appearance time of the initial dinoflagellate population in the Taiwan Strait affected their biomass and bloom range in the study area. Even a small initial dinoflagellate population east of Taiwan could trigger a bloom in the study area. This study suggests the target domains for finding nonlocal dinoflagellate cysts and provides a strategy to predict dinoflagellate blooms in the Changjiang Estuary adjacent area by monitoring dinoflagellate biomass in the nonlocal source regions.
Tropical Free‐Tropospheric Humidity Differences and Their Effect on the Clear‐Sky Radiation Budget in Global Storm‐Resolving Models
Authors: Lang Theresa , Naumann Ann Kristin , Stevens Bjorn , Buehler Stefan A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReducing the model spread in free‐tropospheric relative humidity (RH) and its response to warming is a crucial step toward reducing the uncertainty in clear‐sky climate sensitivity, a step that is hoped to be taken with recently developed global storm‐resolving models (GSRMs). In this study we quantify the inter‐model differences in tropical present‐day RH across GSRMs, making use of DYAMOND, a first 40‐day intercomparison. We find that the inter‐model spread in tropical mean free‐tropospheric RH is reduced compared to conventional atmospheric models, except from the tropopause region and the transition to the boundary layer. We estimate the reduction to ∼50%–70% in the upper troposphere and 25%–50% in the mid troposphere. However, the remaining RH differences still result in a spread of 1.2 in tropical mean clear‐sky outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). This spread is mainly caused by RH differences in the lower and mid free troposphere, whereas RH differences in the upper troposphere have a minor impact. By examining model differences in moisture space we identify two regimes with a particularly large contribution to the spread in tropical mean clear‐sky OLR: rather moist regimes at the transition from deep convective to subsidence regimes and very dry subsidence regimes. Particularly for these regimes a better understanding of the processes controlling the RH biases is needed.
Spatial Slip Rate Distribution Along the SE Xianshuihe Fault, Eastern Tibet, and Earthquake Hazard Assessment
Authors: Bai Mingkun , Chevalier Marie‐Luce , Leloup Philippe Hervé , Li Haibing , Pan Jiawei , Replumaz Anne , Wang Shiguang , Li Kaiyu , Wu Qiong , Liu Fucai , Zhang Jinjiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Xianshuihe (XSH) fault in eastern Tibet is one of the most active faults in China, with the next large earthquake most likely to occur along its SE part, where the fault splits into three parallel branches: Yalahe, Selaha and Zheduotang (ZDT). Precisely quantifying their slip rates at various timescales is essential to evaluate regional earthquake hazard. Here, we expand our previous work on the Selaha fault to the nearby ZDT and Moxi (MX) faults, and add observations on the Yalahe fault and on the newly discovered Mugecuo South fault zone. Using tectonic‐geomorphology approaches with10Be dating, we had previously determined average late Quaternary slip rates of 9.75 ± 0.15 and 4.4 ± 0.5 mm/yr along the NW and SE Selaha fault, respectively. Using the same methods here, we determine a slip rate of 3.4–4.8 mm/yr on the ZDT fault and of 9.6–13.4 mm/yr on the MX fault. This is consistent with the southeastward slip rate increase we had proposed along the XSH fault system from 6‐8 mm/yr (Ganzi fault) to ∼10 mm/yr (Selaha fault), and >9.6 mm/yr (MX fault). We propose a new model for the SE XSH fault, where the large‐scale Mugecuo pull‐apart basin lies within an even larger scale compressive uplift zone in a restraining bend of the XSH fault, where the highest peak in eastern Tibet is located (Gongga Shan, 7,556 m). Our slip rate determination helps to constrain a relatively high regional Mw ∼ 7 earthquake hazard at present on the SE XSH fault.
GOLPH3/CKAP4 promotes metastasis and tumorigenicity by enhancing the secretion of exosomal WNT3A in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Song Jun-Wei , Zhu Jing , Wu Xing-Xuan , Tu Ting , Huang Jing-Qiang , Chen Guan-Zi , Liang Li-Yin , Zhou Chun-Hui , Xu XingZhi , Gong Li-Yun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCancer metastasis is the main cause of mortality associated with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for up to 70% of deaths among patients. The mechanisms underlying distal metastasis remain largely unknown. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) correlates negatively with overall survival in multiple tumors. In this study, we evaluated the function of GOLPH3 in NSCLC distal metastasis. GOLPH3 was expressed at high levels in samples from patients with NSCLC and was positively associated with clinicopathologic characteristics including clinical stage (P < 0.001), T (P = 0.001), N (P = 0.007), and M (P = 0.001) classification. Functionally, Transwell and wound-healing assays suggested that GOLPH3 overexpression enhances NSCLC cell migration and invasion abilities. Tumor-sphere formation and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that GOLPH3 overexpression enhances a stem cell-like phenotype of NSCLC cells. Metastasis models established by tail vein and intracardiac injection confirmed the pro-metastatic function of GOLPH3 in vivo. A subcutaneous tumor formation model confirmed that GOLPH3 overexpression increased the tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, gene set enrichment analysis revealed a positive association of GOLPH3 mRNA expression with WNT-activated gene signatures. Luciferase-reporter and nuclear extract assays showed that GOLPH3 overexpression enhances metastasis and tumorigenicity through activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry and gene ontology analysis demonstrated that GOLPH3 interacts with cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) in exosome-mediated distal metastasis. We found that GOLPH3 decreased the amount of plasma membrane-localized CKAP4 and increased the amount of exosome-localized CKAP4 to promote the formation of CKAP4-containing exosomes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CKAP4 binds exosomal WNT3A to enhance its secretion. Therefore, the GOLPH3/CKAP4 axis plays a crucial role in promoting exosomal-WNT3A secretion to enhance and maintain the stem-like phenotype and metastasis in NSCLC, thus indicating the therapeutic potential of GOLPH3 in patients with NSCLC metastasis.