bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation on the Process of Reimbibition of Oil and Its Impact on Oil Recovery in the Yates Field
Authors: Jin Xiao , Phatak Alhad , Sanders Aaron , Friesen Dawn , Lewis Ed , Valdez Raul 
Published: December 2021

Summary
In mixed- to oil-wet reservoirs characterized by intense natural fracturing where the dominant displacement mechanism is gravity drainage, surfactant injection can lead to a shift in wettability and incremental oil production. In some cases, oil can also reimbibe back into the rock matrix after the oil saturation has been reduced upon initial exposure to surfactant, suggesting limited permanence in the wettability shift. The reimbibition phenomenon is investigated in this paper using Amott cells.
Three cationic surfactants (C12-, C12–16-, C16-based) with interfacial tensions (IFT) between 0.18 and 0.95 mN/m were preselected to be evaluated. Current application of the C12-based surfactant in the Yates field is considered successful based on incremental oil recovery seen during the treatment. Silurian dolomite (SD) rock samples were flooded with Yates crude oil before being aged at 60°C for 6 weeks. For the imbibition tests, the aqueous surfactant solution was set as the external phase within the Amott cell, and the recovery of oil was recorded periodically. After the imbibition tests ended, the rock samples were placed in an inverse Amott cell with the Yates oil as the external phase.
Baseline tests were first conducted to show that without a surfactant in the oil or brine, no imbibition occurred. With a surfactant concentration of 3,000 ppm, oil recovery at the end of the imbibition tests varied from 34 to 60% of the original oil volume in the core sample. During the reimbibition test, a large amount of oil was able to reimbibe into the rock, displacing the brine. Most of the displacement occurred within the first 2 weeks. The net oil recovery, taken as the final volume of oil recovered in the imbibition test minus the final volume of oil reimbibed into the rock, ranged from 0 to 18%. Given the possibility of surfactant dilution in field applications, another set of tests was conducted with 1,500 ppm. A reduction in oil recovery during imbibition was observed for all the tested surfactants. Partition coefficients were determined for each of the tested surfactants, and the ion-pair mechanism was used to explain the net oil recovery results. Lastly, the impact of rock permeability on reimbibition was investigated. Results show increasing permeability may lead to a linear response in oil reimbibition; therefore, minimizing the permeability range when selecting rock samples may be necessary when conducting the reimbibition test.
The importance of oil reimbibition is demonstrated in the experimental study, and we make an argument for conducting both the imbibition and reimbibition tests to better evaluate surfactant efficacy. The improved understanding of wettability alteration should lead to advancements in chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) designs for field treatments.
Groundwater management zones and their groundwater level thresholds in the Tongliao Plain
Authors: Yan Lingjia , He Xin , Lu Chuiyu , Sun Qingyan , Wu Chu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The West Liao River (WLR) Basin located in Inner Mongolia, is an important food production area in China. In recent years, the problem of groundwater over-exploitation has become increasingly prominent in the Basin due to the expansion of agriculture. This paper developed adaptive management initiatives of the local groundwater resources using Tongliao, located in the east part of the WLR Basin, as a case study. Groundwater management zones were divided based on hydrogeology, precipitation, land use, the groundwater over-exploitation areas, groundwater depth, and the administrative units (Banners/Counties/Districts). The Tongliao Basin was divided into 21 management zones. Subsequently, assessment rules for determining groundwater level thresholds in each groundwater management zone were developed based on groundwater observation conditions and the current groundwater depth. Based on the assessment rules, in 2020 the management threshold of groundwater level for each zone were determined. The results provided a scientific basis for the ‘Water Availability Based Local Development Initiative’ in the Tongliao Plain.
An ultrasound/O3 and UV/O3 process for atrazine manufacturing wastewater treatment: a multiple scale experimental study
Authors: Wen Diya , Chen Bing , Liu Bo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An ultraviolet (UV) and ultrasound (US) enhanced ozonation method were developed to investigate their efficiency on the removal of atrazine and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in authentic atrazine manufacturing wastewater. The bench-scale tests suggested a positive effect of UV and US on the degradation of atrazine within a limited energy range. The pilot-scale flow-through system was further tested by using response surface methodology. The results showed that O3 and its interaction with UV promoted the degradation of both COD and atrazine while its interaction with US inhibited the removal of COD but promoted the removal of atrazine. The optimal removal rate of atrazine (96.9%) was achieved in the condition of 6.86 W/L UV, 1.96 g/L·h O3 and 294 W/L US. Chloride ions hindered the atrazine degradation, but the generated free chlorine radicals were still able to react with atrazine. In terms of energy-effectiveness, the configuration of 14.7 W/L UV and 1.96 g/L·h O3 is the best option, which have the electrical energy per order of 181.6 kWh/m3 for atrazine and 0.13 kWh/g COD. These method and findings could be helpful in the development of energy-efficient advanced oxidation processes in treating wastewater with high salinity and COD loadings.
Selenosemicarbazone Metal Complexes as Potential Metal-based
Drugs
Authors: Rostán Santiago , Mahler Graciela , Otero Lucía 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
The discovery of the anticancer activity of cisplatin has marked the emergence
of modern Inorganic Medicinal Chemistry. This field of research is concerned with the
application of inorganic compounds to therapy or diagnosis of disease. In particular, metal
coordination of bioactive ligands has gained recognition in drug design. The interaction
between transition metal ions and the organic drugs could enhance their diagnostic
and therapeutic potentials by improving the stability and/or bioavailability or by achieving
a metal-drug synergism through a dual or multiple mechanisms of action. The isosteric
replacement of sulfur by selenium in thiosemicarbazones leads to selenosemicarbazones.
This class of compounds exhibits numerous biological activities like antitumor, antimicrobial,
antiviral, etc. and, in most cases, they were more pronounced in comparison
to the sulfur analogues. On the other hand, while the effect of transition metal complexation
on the biological activity of thiosemicarbazones has been widely studied, the pharmacological
activity of the corresponding metal-selenosemicarbazone compounds has been
less explored. In this work, the most relevant results related to the selenosemicarbazone
metal complexes as potential metal-based drugs have been reviewed.
Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Improves Adverse Ventricular Remodeling
Post-MI by Reducing Myocardial Necrosis, Modulating Inflammation, and Promoting
Angiogenesis
Authors: Zhang Baoli , Yu Peng , Su Enyong , Jia Jianguo , Zhang Chunyu , Xie Shiyao , Huang Zhenhui , Dong Ying , Ding Jinguo , Zou Yunzeng , Jiang Hong , Ge Junbo 
Published: December 2021

Background and Objective:
Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to pathological cardiac remodeling
and heart failure. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) shows to possess therapeutic potential. The present
study aimed to explore the potential role of STS in ventricular remodeling post-MI.

Methods:
Mice were randomly divided into sham, MI + normal saline (NS) and MI + STS (20.8 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally)
groups. MI was established following left anterior descending artery ligation. Cardiac function
was evaluated using echocardiography. Scar size and myocardial fibrosis-associated markers were detected using
Masson’s trichrome staining and western blot analysis (WB). Necrosis and inflammation were assessed using
H&E staining, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) detection, ELISA, immunohistochemical staining, and WB.
Furthermore, angiogenesis markers and associated proteins were detected using immunohistochemical staining
and WB.

Results:
Mice treated with STS exhibited significant improvements in cardiac function, smaller scar size, and
low expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I and III at 28 days following surgery, compared
with the NS-treated group. Moreover, treatment with STS reduced eosinophil necrosis, the infiltration of inflammatory
cells, plasma levels of LDH, high mobility group protein B1, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-
α, and protein expression of these cytokines at 3 days. Macrophage infiltration was also decreased in the
STS group in the early phase. Additionally, CD31+ vascular density, protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-
1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor were elevated in the STS-treated mice at 28 days.

Conclusion:
STS improved pathological remodeling post-MI, and the associated therapeutic effects may be a
result of a decrease in myocardial necrosis, modulation of inflammation, and an increase in angiogenesis.
Strategies Employed to Evade the Host Immune Response and the Mechanism of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: In Search of Finding New Targets
Authors: Ahmad Zahoor , Mir Manzoor A. , Sheikh Bashir A. , Bhat Basharat A. 
Published: December 2021

:The partial effectiveness of the host immune response to M. tuberculosis drives bacteria into a latent state, but it is difficult to eliminate the bacteria completely. Usually, this latent condition of M. tuberculosis is reversible, and reactivation of tuberculosis is the leading cause of the majority of transmission. A number of studies performed on animal models and humans have not yet provided a detailed understanding of the mechanisms or correlates of immunity of M. tuberculosis infection or why there is a significant immunity failure to remove the pathogen. Moreover, the mechanism of resistance involved in drug-resistant M. tuberculosis leads to the emergence of strains of bacteria that show significant resistance to the majority of anti-tuberculosis drugs. We have also provided the recent findings and trends regarding the development of new drug molecules to treat drug and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and the advancements in immunotherapy in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. This article provides an in-depth and critical analysis of various strategies employed by the drug-resistant M. tuberculosis to escape the host immune response. This bacterium persists in the host for a longer period of time and leads to the development of tuberculosis infection. Furthermore, we also discussed the new targets for the effective treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Role of Cannabinoids in Various Diseases: A Review
Authors: Roy Arpita , Kaur Simran , Sharma Nikita 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The plant, Cannabis sativa, is heavily explored and researched with many in-dustrial and pharmaceutical applications. The medicinal and therapeutic role of Cannabis sativa has been summarized in the paper, citing its mechanism of action and influence on the human body. Diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders pose negative and long-term drastic effects on the body like neurodegeneration and other chronic system failures. Several existing studies have proved its effectiveness against such diseases.

Objectives:
This review aims to provide an overview of the role of cannabinoids in various diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders.

Method:
Various e-resources like Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched and read to make an informative, comprehensive manuscript. Here we tried to summarize the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa and its bioactive compound cannabinoids with respect to various diseases.

Result:
This review highlights the various constituents which are present in Cannabis sativa, the endo-cannabinoid system, and the role of cannabinoids in various diseases

Conclusion:
Recent research on Cannabis has suggested its role in neurodegenerative diseases, inflam-mation, sleep disorders, pediatric diseases, and their analgesic nature. Therefore, the authors majorly fo-cus on the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa in various diseases. The focus is also on the endocanna-binoid system (ECS) and its role in fighting or preventing bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and viral infections
High Concentration of Dezocine Induces Immune Escape of Lung
Cancer and Promotes Glucose Metabolism through Up-Regulating
PD-L1 and Activating the NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Dong Weiping , Zhang Dong , Zhu Aiyun , Hu Yanli , Li Wei 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Dezocine is an opioid analgesic that can affect the immune
system. Here, we explored the synergy of high concentration of Dezocine and
programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) with regards to immune escape and glucose
metabolism in lung cancer (LC).

Methods:
PD-L1 level in human LC cell lines was determined and the influence of
Dezocine at different concentrations for the proliferation of LC cells was identified. Next,
LC cells were transfected to alter PD-L1 level, and exposed to Dezocine at 8 μg/mL to
explore their effects on cell proliferation, production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), contents of
glucose, lactate, and NADPH/NADP+, and activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)
pathway.

Results:
PD-L1 level was increased in LC cells and Dezocine (8 μg/mL) impaired the
proliferation of LC cells. Down-regulating PD-L1 inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced
production of IFN-γ, and reduced the contents of glucose, lactate, and NADPH/NADP+,
while up-regulating PD-L1 caused the opposite results. Dezocine (8 μg/mL) induced
immune escape and glucose metabolism in LC, and Dezocine-induced effects were
reversed by down-regulating PD-L1. Dezocine (8 μg/mL) up-regulated PD-L1 by
activating the NF-κB pathway.

Conclusion:
Dezocine at 8 μg/mL promotes immune escape and glucose metabolism in
LC through up-regulating PD-L1 and activating the NF-κB pathway.
Effects of the Co-occurrence of Diabetes Mellitus and Tooth Loss on Cognitive
Function
Authors: Luo Huabin , Tan Chenxin , Adhikari Samrachana , Plassman Brenda L. , Kamer Angela R. , Sloan Frank A. , Schwartz Mark D. , Qi Xiang , Wu Bei 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and poor oral health are common chronic conditions and risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia among older adults. This study
assessed the effects of DM and complete tooth loss (TL) on cognitive function, accounting for their
interactions.

Methods:
Longitudinal data were obtained from the 2006, 2012, and 2018 waves of the Health and
Retirement Study. This cohort study included 7,805 respondents aged 65 years or older with
18,331 person-year observations. DM and complete TL were self-reported. Cognitive function was
measured by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Random-effect regressions were used
to test the associations, overall and stratified by sex.

Results:
Compared with older adults without neither DM nor complete TL, those with both conditions (b = -1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.68, -1.02), with complete TL alone (b = -0.67,
95% CI: -0.88, -0.45), or with DM alone (b = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.59, -0.22), had lower cognitive
scores. The impact of having both conditions was significantly greater than that of having DM
alone (p <.001) or complete TL alone (p = 0.001). Sex-stratified analyses showed the effects were
similar in males and females, except having DM alone was not significant in males.

Conclusion:
The co-occurrence of DM and complete TL poses an additive risk for cognition.
Healthcare and family-care providers should pay attention to the cognitive health of patients with
both DM and complete TL. Continued efforts are needed to improve older adults’ access to dental
care, especially for individuals with DM.
Antibody-drug Conjugate PCMC1D3-Duocarmycin SA as a Novel Therapeutic
Entity for Targeted Treatment of Cancers Aberrantly Expressing
MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: Hudson Rachel , Yao Hang-Ping , Suthe Sreedhar Reddy , Patel Dhavalkumar , Wang Ming-Hai 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Aberrant expression of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase is an oncogenic
determinant and a drug target for cancer therapy. Currently, antibody-based biotherapeutics targeting
MET are under clinical trials.

Objective:
Here, we report the preclinical and therapeutic evaluation of a novel anti-MET antibody-
drug conjugate PCMC1D3-duocarmycin SA (PCMC1D3-DCM) for targeted cancer therapy.

Methods:
The monoclonal antibody PCMC1D3 (IgG1a/κ), generated by a hybridoma technique
and specific to one of the MET extracellular domains, was selected based on its high specificity to
human MET with a binding affinity of 1.60 nM. PCMC1D3 was conjugated to DCM via a cleavable
valine-citrulline dipeptide linker to form an antibody-drug conjugate with a drug-to-antibody
ratio of 3.6:1. PCMC1D3-DCM in vitro rapidly induced MET internalization with an internalization
efficacy ranging from 6.5 to 17.2h dependent on individual cell lines.

Results:
Studies using different types of cancer cell lines showed that PCMC1D3-DCM disrupted
the cell cycle, reduced cell viability, and caused massive cell death within 96h after treatment initiation.
The calculated IC50 values for cell viability reduction were 1.5 to 15.3 nM. Results from
mouse xenograft tumor models demonstrated that PCMC1D3-DCM in a single dose injection at 10
mg/kg body weight effectively delayed xenograft tumor growth up to two weeks without signs of
tumor regrowth. The calculated tumoristatic concentration, a minimal dose required to balance tumor
growth and inhibition, was around 2 mg/kg body weight. Taken together, PCMC1D3-DCM
was effective in targeting the inhibition of tumor growth in xenograft models.

Conclusion:
This work provides the basis for the development of humanized PCMC1D3-DCM for
MET-targeted cancer therapy in the future.
Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Stem Cells Resistance to Radiotherapy
Authors: Taeb Shahram , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Zarrabi Ali , Rezapoor Saeed , Musa Ahmed Eleojo , Farhood Bagher , Najafi Masoud 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Cancer is a chronic disorder that involves several elements of both the tumor and the
host stromal cells. At present, the complex relationship between the various factors presents in the
tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor cells, as well as immune cells located within the TME,
is still poorly known. Within the TME, the crosstalk of these factors and immune cells essentially
determines how a tumor reacts to the treatment and how the tumor can ultimately be destroyed, remain
dormant, or develop and metastasize. Also, in TME, reciprocal crosstalk between cancer-associated
fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) intensifies
the proliferation capacity of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a subpopulation of cells that reside
within the tumor bulk and have the capacity to self-renew, differentiate, and repair DNA damage.
These characteristics make CSCs develop resistance to a variety of treatments, such as radiotherapy
(RT). RT is a frequent and often curative treatment for local cancer which mediates tumor elimination
by cytotoxic actions. Also, cytokines and growth factors that are released into TME have
been involved in the activation of tumor radioresistance and the induction of different immune
cells, altering local immune responses. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of TME in the resistance
of CSCs to RT.
Homocysteinylation and Sulfhydration in Diseases
Authors: Chen Si-Min , Tang Xiao-Qing 
Published: December 2021

:
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important intermediate in methionine metabolism and generation
of one-carbon units, and its dysfunction is associated with many pathological states. Although
Hcy is a non-protein amino acid, many studies have demonstrated protein-related homocysteine metabolism
and possible mechanisms underlying homocysteinylation. Homocysteinylated proteins lose
their original biological function and have a negative effect on the various disease phenotypes. Hydrogen
sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as an important gaseous signaling molecule with mounting
physiological properties. H2S modifies small molecules and proteins via sulfhydration, which is
supposed to be essential in the regulation of biological functions and signal transduction in human
health and disorders. This review briefly introduces Hcy and H2S, further discusses pathophysiological
consequences of homocysteine modification and sulfhydryl modification, and ultimately makes
a prediction that H2S might exert a protective effect on the toxicity of homocysteinylation of target
protein via sulfhydration. The highlighted information here yields new insights into the role of protein
modification by Hcy and H2S in diseases.
The Implication of Glial Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Alzheimer’s
Disease
Authors: de Lima Izabella B.Q. , Ribeiro Fabíola M. 
Published: December 2021

:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was first identified more than 100 years ago and, yet, aspects pertaining its origin as well as the mechanisms underlying disease progression are not well known. To this date, there is no therapeutic approach or disease modifying drug that could halt or at least delay disease progression. Until recently, glial cells were seen as secondary actors in brain homeostasis. Although this view was gradually refuted and the relevance of glial cells for the most diverse brain functions such as synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission was vastly proved, many aspects of its functioning as well as its role in pathological conditions remain poorly understood. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in glial cells were shown to be involved in neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Besides its relevance for glial function, glutamatergic receptors are also central in the pathology of AD and recent studies have shown that glial mGluRs play a role in the establishment and progression of AD. Glial mGluRs influence AD-related alterations in Ca2+ signalling, APP processing and Aβ burden, as well as AD-related neurodegeneration. However, different types of mGluRs play different roles, depending on the cell type and brain region that is being analysed. Therefore, in this review we focus on the current understanding of glial mGluRs and their implication in AD, providing an insight for future therapeutics and identifying existing research gaps worth investigating.