bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Hormonal Contraceptive Use Impacts Laparoscopic Skill Acquisition in Biologically Female Medical Students
Authors: Olive Elizabeth J. , Klei Jennifer , Roach Victoria A. 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTIONHormonal contraceptive use is commonplace among biological females of reproductive age. Biological females typically have lower testosterone levels than males, and hormonal contraceptive use lowers that testosterone level even further. Higher testosterone levels are shown to be positively correlated with spatial ability and, ultimately, with better performance in surgical skill acquisition. Biological females, particularly those using hormonal contraceptives, may then be at a disadvantage for learning new surgical skills. However, the relationship between hormonal contraceptive use and surgical skill acquisition is not yet understood, and will be examined in this study.METHODSParticipants (anticipated n=50) are students of Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine and are participating under approval of the university's Institutional Review Board. This study makes use of laparoscopic box trainers and the peg transfer task from the MISTELS (McGill Inanimate System for Training and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Skills) battery of tests. The control and treatment groups are divided based on biologically female participants who do not use hormonal contraceptives, and those who do, respectively. Both groups perform several screening tasks regarding demographics, handedness, video game usage, mental rotation ability, and ovulation status. Participants then train on the peg transfer task, recording their times for each attempt until proficiency is reached. An ANCOVA, 2 (cycle/static) × 1 (frequency of repetitions) with spatial ability as a covariate, with appropriate post‐hocs as necessary, will be used to statistically analyze differences in the learning curves between naturally cycling participants and those using hormonal contraceptives.ANTICIPATED RESULTSCompared to the naturally cycling group, the group using hormonal contraceptives is expected to require greater time and number of attempts to reach proficiency on the peg transfer task.SIGNIFICANCEThe results are expected to support the hypothesis that hormonal contraceptive use is negatively correlated with surgical skill acquisition. This may have implications for informing contraceptive choices of biological females pursuing careers in surgery. In addition, it may inform future curriculum design for graduate medical programs, to maximize learning opportunities for aspiring surgeons.Support or Funding InformationDepartment of Biomedical Sciences Research Seed Fund, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Formative Assessments in Anatomy: Two‐year Quality Improvement Study of Self‐Assessment Resources for Didactic Material
Authors: Lee Vaughan H. , Pomeroy Brian , Schneider Brandt L. 
Published: June 2021

Formative assessments provide one component of resources to support self‐directed learning activities in many disciplines of education. At the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center/School of Medicine we have previously reported a collection of formative assessments for didactic and laboratory concepts to improve the efficiency of anatomical education in the Clinically Oriented Anatomy course. More recently in 2017–18 access to study materials presented by Firecracker was provided to students and integrated with the objectives of the course. This included weekly formative quizzes created with Firecracker questions and unit formative written exams constructed by the faculty. Preliminary evaluation of this initiative reveals: 1) Both weekly and unit formative assessments yielded moderate correlations to students' summative performance; 2) The level of correlation for these formative assessments were comparable between 2016–17 and 2017–18; and 3) Analysis of student effort by Firecracker provided good correlation with students' final grades. Students' perceptions of these formative written assessments and Firecracker resources were very favorable, 4.42 and 4.02 (5pt Likert), respectively. Detailed analyses of data, outcomes, limitations and future plans for continuous quality improvement will be presented.Support or Funding InformationThis project was funded by the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center/School of Medicine.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Mastering Anatomy: Using Cerego as a Teaching Tool
Authors: Warshaw Johanna , Lopez Elisabeth N. , Baker Eric W. , Cunningham Elena P. 
Published: June 2021

At the New York University College of Dentistry, lab conference hours for the review of anatomy in preparation for the National Board Dental Examination Part I (NBDE Part I) were reduced due to an increase in incoming class size in 2015. Tasked with providing students an effective means to review material that could now not be covered in the given lab hours, we identified the online platform Cerego as a way to provide a self‐guided anatomy study tool. Use of Cerego replaced what would otherwise have been 96 faculty hours of instruction.We initially created three anatomy topic modules in Cerego, each of which included a combination of images, identifications, associations, and short text passages. Creation of modules in Cerego was intuitive and straightforward. The platform, with algorithms based on principles of retrieval learning and spaced practice, guides the student through individualized iterations of review in multiple formats, and provides the student with prompts for the most effective timing for return to the material. In addition, both student and instructor have access to fine grained performance analytics.We found that Cerego is well suited to fact memorization, and effective as a means to learn material within the time‐frame of a single semester. However, full mastery using the Cerego program – leading to long‐term retention – is achieved over a more extended period. A survey after the termination of the NBDE Part I course in 2015, as well as informal discussions with students, has indicated high student satisfaction with Cerego as a study tool. In addition, results for the anatomy portion of the board exam demonstrates student success, with NYU Dentistry students as a whole achieving a 97.1–100% first‐time pass rate, and performing at 1.4–2.6 standard deviations above the mean for all dental schools in anatomy in the years 2015–2017. Given the success of our initial Cerego use, we have now incorporated this platform into the Head and Neck Anatomy and Basic Tissues courses within the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, and other departments at NYU Dentistry have also adopted the use of this tool.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Difficulty of Dissection: Which Anatomical Regions Are Hardest For Medical Students To Dissect?
Authors: Williams Sutton Ross , Thompson Kenneth , Notebaert Andrew , Sinning Allan 
Published: June 2021

Cadaveric dissection in gross anatomy courses has long been considered the gold‐standard for instruction, but the difficulty associated with some dissections may lead to negative learning outcomes for those students adversely impacted by dissection experiences. Therefore, this investigative study aimed to identify medical students' perception of the difficulty associated with each dissection completed during a 16‐week medical gross anatomy course. The purpose of this study was to provide better insight into the relationship between the difficulty associated with dissecting anatomical regions and student performance on practical examination questions pertaining to those regions. To answer this question, 10‐point Likert scale surveys with values ranging from 1 (easy) to 10 (difficult) were utilized to ascertain the perceived difficulty of each dissection completed during the course. The surveys were distributed to the students (n=160) prior to each of the block examinations given throughout the course. Following collection of the difficulty surveys, student responses were analyzed in order to determine if any of the dissections were rated as significantly more or less difficult than others. Difficulty rankings were also compared to previously collected data from the same course to determine if there is a relationship between the difficulties associated with dissecting each region, and how medical students have historically performed on questions pertaining to each region analyzed. Preliminary results indicate that medical students' perception of the difficulty associated with completing different dissections varies significantly. The average perceived difficulty of the dissections was 4.6 (SD=2.3), the minimum mean dissection difficulty reported was 2.9 (SD=2.0) and corresponded to the knee dissection, while the maximum mean dissection difficulty reported was 7.5 (SD=2.3) and corresponded to the axilla dissection. Concurrently, results from the difficulty survey were compared to historical records of medical student performance on practical examination questions. Preliminary results from these comparisons seem to indicate a relationship between the difficulty associated with dissecting anatomical regions and the ability of medical students to learn structures related to the dissection. Students have historically performed worse on practical examination questions pertaining to structures from difficult dissections and better on questions pertaining to structures from easy dissections. As such, it is important for anatomy educators to consider the difficulty of each dissection they require their students to complete, and the potential impact each dissection has on the students' ability to learn the material.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Cardioprotective effect of camel milk against carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity
Authors: UGOCHUKWU CHIOMA , IHENTUGE CHURCHILL , IHENTUGE PHOEBE 
Published: June 2021

Camel milk a nutritional supplement has been known to have anti oxidant properties and has been used for more than a century for treatment of diseases. Twenty adult wistar rats weighing between 150g and 200g were used in the study to determine the protective effective of camel milk on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced cardio‐toxicity in rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D and E) of 4 animals each and were fed with rat feed and water for 30days. Control groups (A and B) were injected intraperitoneally (i/p) with 1ml/kgbw of paraffin oil on the 1st and 2nd days, and in addition group B was fed with camel milk for the remaining days. Groups C and D were injected i/p with CCl4 (1ml/kgbw) for 2 consecutive days and group D fed with camel milk for the remaining period. Group E were fed with camel milk and were injected i/p with CCl4 on the last two days.Results showed a decrease in mean body weight of group C significant at p<0.05% while A and B; D and E showed increase in mean body weight. Macroscopically there was loss of normal pericardial outline in group C when compared with the normal. The Histomorphic appearance of cardiac cells in group C showed presence of inflammatory cells, scattered vacuoles and focal areas of necrosis with loss of intercalated disc. The control groups (A and B) and other experimental groups (D and E) appear normal with the preservation of the myocytes.This shows that camel milk is capable of protecting the heart against Carbon tetrachloride Induced toxicity and should be recommended for stress induced disorders.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Morphological Variation in the Posterior Margin of the Frontal Process of the Zygomatic Bone
Authors: Wharton Benjamin L. , Teaff Noah J. , McGowan Branigan L. , Russell Michelle L. , Zdilla Matthew J. 
Published: June 2021

Based on the observation that some crania exhibit a pronounced marginal tubercle, whereas others do not, this study assessed the contour of the zygomatic bone hypothesizing that female and male crania would exhibit different contours. The study included 616 norma lateralis images of a mixed sample of female (n=252) and male (n=318) cranial sides. Images from crania of questionable sex and were excluded from analysis between sexes. The linear distance from the zygomaticofrontal suture to the jugale was calculated in addition to the length of the posterior border of the frontal process of the zygomatic bone to determine the degree of deviation from a straight line. The contour length between males and females did not differ (t=1.577(593); p=0.12) nor did the degree of deviation from a straight line (t=1.808(593); p=0.07). Independent of sex, however, there were significant differences in the aforementioned parameters with regard to side (t=5.589(614); p<0.0001 and t=3.742(614); p=0.0002, respectively). Procrustes superimposition demonstrated the average contour which can be given as y≈44.074x4 + 0.7995x3 −2.6286x2 −0.0122x + 0.0182. Principle component analysis explained 74.6% of shape variation with the first two principle components (PC1=48.8%; PC2=25.8%). With regard to differences in the shape of the contour between sides or sexes, discriminant function analysis revealed no significant shape difference (T2=338.7; p=0.15 and T2=244.3; p=0.94, respectively). However, canonical variate analysis demonstrated statistically significant shape differences among sexes with regard to side. Female right and left sides demonstrated the most shape difference (Mahalanobis distance=2.33) whereas the least shape difference was found among right sides between males and females (Mahalanobis distance=1.83). The results of this study reveal morphological variation in the posterior margin of the frontal process of the zygomatic bone that distinguishes crania based upon sex and laterality.Support or Funding InformationWV Research Challenge Fund [HEPC.dsr.17.06] and [HEPC.dsr.14.13]This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A NEW ASPECT OF TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE INSERTION
Authors: Akamatsu Flávia Emi , Negrão José Renato , Saleh Samir Omar , Hojaij Flávio , Andrade Mauro , Jacomo Alfredo Luiz 
Published: June 2021

Anatomy of the triceps tendon insertion has been subject of recent investigations.The purpose of this cadaveric study was to elucidate a question raised by previous studies whether the triceps brachialis tendon has a double or single insertion in the ulna.Thirty‐three elbows from 29 male and 4 female fixed cadavers were dissected in order to assess details of the triceps brachii insertion. The triceps tendon near its insertion in the olecranon constantly displayed a thinner and translucent area related to the attachment of the fibers of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle into the tendon. We measured the longitudinal length of this area and found a coefficient of variation of less than 10% for all measurements.This area, not previously described, may account for some misdiagnosis in imaging studies of the elbow and its knowledge may be essential to avoid incorrect diagnosis and unnecessary therapeutic approaches.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Classifying novel variations of a rare muscle: the sternalis
Authors: Prall Cristina R. , Azzouz Lyna , Connolly Christopher , Gutierrez Marc , Moreno Natalie , Olumolade Oluyemi , Alsup B. Kathleen , Fox Glenn M. 
Published: June 2021

Knowledge and publication of human anatomic variations has become increasingly emphasized in the clinical setting with the intent of decreasing the occurrence of misdiagnosis and surgical complications. We report a previously undocumented variant of sternalis muscle. The sternalis muscle is an anatomical variation of the anterior thoracic wall that is rare, though well‐documented. This inconstant muscle is typically parasternal and superficial to pectoralis major muscle, with its fibers running vertically. Dissection of the anterior thoracic wall on an 83‐year‐old female cadaver revealed bilateral sternalis muscles. The right sternalis muscle has a single belly and can be classified using the Snosek et al. (2014) classification system as a simple type, left single. The left sternalis muscle presented with three muscle bellies, each having a unique pattern of superior attachments. This variation is previously undocumented, and we propose the addition of a new subtype of sternalis classification, as well as a modification to the Snosek et al. (2014) classification scheme to include classifying different muscle bellies when multiple are present.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Ultrasound Assessment of the Zygapophyseal Joints Before and After Spinal Manipulation
Authors: Cramer Gregory David , Settergren Roy , Miller Nathan , Dexheimer Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

This IRB‐approved pilot/feasibility study used diagnostic ultrasound (US) to quantify L3/L4 zygapophyseal (Z) joint space separation (therapeutic gapping) before and after spinal manipulation (SM). Previous work in our lab demonstrated Z joint space gapping using magnetic resonance imaging. US has the advantage of assessing Z joint gapping in real‐time and allows measurements to be made before SM, and multiple measurements to be made after SM, using the data from a single imaging session.Methodssix (3 male and 3 female) healthy subjects were enrolled. Z joint gapping was determined by the difference (gapping difference) between US joint space measurements taken pre‐ and post‐SM. SM was performed in the side‐posture (recumbent) position and pre‐ and post‐SM images were obtained while the subject was in the side‐posture position. Post‐SM US images were taken immediately after SM, and at 16 pre‐determined time intervals between 5–180 sec post‐SM. Gapping differences were compared for up‐side (contact side for SM) pre‐SM and all post‐SM values. Primary outcomes were maximum gapping difference for each subject and post‐SM time when maximum gapping was measured.ResultsZ joint gapping continued to increase for 10–15 seconds after SM and then gapping diminished toward immediately post‐SM values. The average maximum gap was 0.8 mm and the average time to maximum gap was 11.25 sec. Maximum gapping was achieved most frequently at 10 sec post‐SM.ConclusionsThe methods were effective in assessing Z joint gapping before and after SM. Still images and live images were captured. Future work should include establishing the reliability of US Z joint measurements, and continuing to assess video capture of real‐time SM assessment and the time to maximum Z joint gapping following SM.Support or Funding InformationPartial funding: NIH/NCCIH Grant # 3R01AT000123‐06S2This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Vulnerability of the Temporomandibular Joint in Recent Northern China Populations
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhang Qun , Han Tao , Sun Zhichao , Kesterke Matthew J. , Zhu Hong , Dechow Paul C. , Zhang Quanchao 
Published: June 2021

During recent human evolution, the shortening of the facial skeleton and the gracilization of the skull has been related to the high prevalence of dental anomalies, such as dental crowding. However, little attention has is given to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders from an evolutionary perspective, and the evaluation of TMJ in archaeological populations remains scarce. In this study, TMJ vulnerability in recent Northern Chinese human populations, dated to between 3800 B.C. and A.D. 100, is assessed using a model based on the “triangle of support” hypothesis. The results demonstrate that TMJ vulnerability negatively correlates with maxillary dental arch size and biting efficiency, suggesting that populations or individuals with a smaller dental arch and high biting efficiency could more easily injure the TMJ during unilateral loadings, which may explain the higher prevalence of TMJ disorders in modern humans, especially in women. The males in the pastoral group had broader and more orthognathic faces, shorter maxillary dental arch lengths, wider maxillary dental arches, yet overall smaller maxillary dental arch sizes, larger TMJ sizes, larger distances between condylar and coronoid processes, and higher indices of TMJ vulnerability than males in the agricultural group, indicating different adaptation strategies used in different life styles. These findings indicate either coupled consequences of recent human evolution or an inadvertent tradeoff between biting efficiency and TMJ vulnerability, and reflect the impact of diachronic changes of the masticatory apparatus and life style and their impact on oral health during recent human history.Support or Funding InformationJilin University Foreign Experts Project Foreign Scholar AwardThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.