bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcimimetic use in US hemodialysis facilities in first 2 years after the launch of etelcalcetide: A descriptive analysis of real‐world clinical practice and outcomes
Authors: Stephens John Mark , Fox Kathleen M. , Desai Pooja , Cheng Sunfa , Goodman William G. , Kendrick Jessica B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study described control of parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus, and corrected calcium in adults initiating calcimimetics in small dialysis organizations after the introduction of etelcalcetide.MethodsThis retrospective study using Visonex Clarity electronic health records between October 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019, identified adults ≥ 18 years of age receiving in‐center hemodialysis as either a cinacalcet or etelcalcetide initiator based on their first calcimimetic use in 2018 (index date) with no prior calcimimetic use in the 3 months preindex date. Patients were stratified by PTH at index date and were followed for 15 months. Subcohorts of patients who were persistent on a single calcimimetic for 15 months and of patients who had their calcimimetic changed from cinacalcet to etelcalcetide were also analyzed.FindingsA total of 677 patients initiated cinacalcet and 711 initiated etelcalcetide. Mean PTH (pg/ml), phosphorus, and corrected calcium (mg/dl) at baseline were 864, 5.9, and 9.3 for cinacalcet and 804, 5.9, and 9.4 for etelcalcetide, respectively. During follow‐up, the proportion of initiators considered in‐target (monthly average PTH < 600) increased from 48% to 62% with cinacalcet and from 56% to 86% with etelcalcetide in the baseline PTH 600 to < 800 subgroup; increased from 30% to 64% with cinacalcet and 31% to 59% with etelcalcetide among those with baseline PTH 800 to < 1000; and increased from 14% to 41% with cinacalcet and 12% to 58% with etelcalcetide among those with baseline PTH ≥1000. A similar pattern was observed for persistent users (n = 646). For patients changed from cinacalcet to etelcalcetide (n = 183), the proportion of patients considered in‐target increased from 22% in the month prior to the treatment change to 51% in Month 6 postchange.DiscussionPatients initiating calcimimetics at lower baseline PTH had better biochemical control than patients starting at higher PTH. Patients changed from cinacalcet to etelcalcetide had improvements in PTH control postchange.
‘You have to do what is best’: The lived reality of having a child who is repeatedly hospitalized because of acute lower respiratory infection
Authors: McBride‐Henry Karen , Miller Charissa , Trenholm Adrian , Officer Tara N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionHospitalization of children is traumatic for children and their families. Little is known about the impact of repeated acute admissions on families, or of these experiences in Indigenous populations and ethnic minorities. This study explores the societal and health experiences for families who have a child under two years of age, admitted to hospitals more than twice for lower respiratory infections.MethodsUnderpinned by a reflective lifeworld research methodology, this article presents results from 14 in‐depth interviews in Aotearoa/New Zealand.ResultsFamilies learn to identify illness early and then navigate hospital systems. These families struggle to create safe spaces for their children at home or in society. Wider social and economic support are central to family resilience, without which they struggle.ConclusionThis study reinforces the importance of bringing meaningful, culturally‐responsive care to the fore of treatment, particularly when managing vulnerable minorities. Formal referral and support processes are key to this responsiveness to lessen the burdens of acute admissions for families.Patient or Public ContributionFamilies chose to be involved in this study to highlight the importance of the topic and their experiences with accessing health care. The cultural advisors to the project provided feedback on the analysis and its applicability for the participant community.
The 2015 EU‐Africa joint Valletta action plan on immigration: A parable of complex interdependence
Authors: Tawat Mahama , Lamptey Eileen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2015, as the “refugee crisis” unfolded, the European Union negotiated deals respectively with Turkey and many African countries to stem the influx of asylum seekers. But little comparatively has been said about its African deal, the Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP) and its impact. Using migration policy theories, this article shows that the African deal, embodied in the concept of “shared responsibility,” amounts to a special kind of interest, complex interdependence. Specifically, while parties held onto their interests (territorial integrity for the Europeans and economic development for the Africans), there was a new sense, especially on the part of the Europeans, that both parties needed each other's help (cooperation) to advance these interests. As a result, concrete measures such as the EU Emergency Trust Fund were formulated. Looking at their “effects,” these measures have been positive in most policy domains.
Bacteriophages: A weapon against mixed-species biofilms in the food processing environment
Authors: Mgomi Fedrick C. , Yuan Lei , Chen Cao-wei , Zhang Yuan-song , Yang Zhen-quan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mixed-species biofilms represent the most frequent actual lifestyles of microorganisms in food processing environments, and they are usually more resistant to control methods than single-species biofilms. The persistence of biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens is believed to cause serious human diseases. These challenges have encouraged researchers to search for novel, natural methods that are more effective towards mixed-species biofilms. Recently, the use of bacteriophages to control mixed-species biofilms have grown significantly in the food industry as an alternative to conventional methods. This review highlights a comprehensive introduction of mixed-species biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens and their enhanced resistance to anti-biofilm removal strategies. Additionally, several methods for controlling mixed-species biofilms briefly focused on applying bacteriophages in the food industry have also been discussed. This article concludes by suggesting that using bacteriophage, combined with other ‘green’ methods, could effectively control mixed-species biofilms in the food industry.
Galangin as a direct inhibitor of vWbp protects mice from Staphylococcus aureus‐induced pneumonia
Authors: Jin Yingli , Yang Panpan , Wang Li , Gao Zeyuan , Lv Jia , Cui Zheyu , Wang Tiedong , Wang Dacheng , Wang Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe surge in multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and the lag in antibiotic discovery necessitate the development of new anti‐infective strategies to reduce S. aureus infections. In S. aureus, von Willebrand factor‐binding protein (vWbp) is not only the main coagulase that triggers host prothrombin activation and formation of fibrin cables but also bridges the bacterial cell wall and von Willebrand factor, thereby allowing S. aureus to bind to platelets and endothelial cells, playing a vital role in pathogenesis of S. aureus infections. Here, we have identified that galangin, a bioactive compound found in honey and Alpinia officinarum Hance, is a potent and direct inhibitor of vWbp by coagulation activity inhibition assay, thermal shift assay and biolayer interferometry assay. Molecular dynamic simulations and verification experiments revealed that the Trp‐64 and Leu‐69 residues are necessary for the binding of galangin to vWbp. Significantly, galangin attenuated S. aureus virulence in a mouse S. aureus‐induced pneumonia model. In addition, we also identified that galangin can enhance the therapeutic effect of latamoxef on S. aureus‐induced pneumonia. Taken together, the results suggest that galangin may be used for the development of therapeutic drugs or utilized as adjuvants to combine with antibiotics to combat S. aureus‐related infections.
Pulsed light treatment reduces microorganisms and mycotoxins naturally present in red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) powder
Authors: Woldemariam Henock Woldemichael , Harmeling Hanna , Emire Shimelis Admassu , Teshome Paulos Getachew , Toepfl Stefan , Aganovic Kemal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impact of pulsed light (PL) treatment on naturally occurring microorganisms, mycotoxins, and on physicochemical properties in red pepper powder was investigated. Powder samples were exposed to different PL treatments up to 61 pulses, with fluence ranging from 1.0 to 9.1 J/cm2. The highest fluence applied (9.1 J/cm2, 61 pulses, 20 s) resulted in 2.7, 3.1, and 4.1 log CFU/g reduction of yeasts, molds, and total plate counts (TPC), where initial microbial loads were 4.6, 5.5, and 6.5 log CFU/g, respectively. At the same fluence intensity, a maximum reduction of 67.2, 50.9, and 36.9% of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), total aflatoxins (AF), and ochratoxin A (OTA) were detected, respectively. Proportional increase in temperature of the samples was observed from the absorbed PL energy, reaching maximum of 59.8°C. The inactivation of investigated microorganisms and mycotoxins followed first‐order kinetics (R2 > 0.95). The fluence intensity at 6.9 and 9.1 J/cm2 did not cause degradation, but rather a significant (p < .05) and apparent increase of total phenols. Total color difference (ΔE*) revealed only “slight differences,” compared to the untreated sample. In conclusion, higher reduction of microbial load and mycotoxins in red pepper powder could be achieved, when higher treatment intensity was applied. This suggests the PL as a potential technology for decontamination of red pepper powder and other spice powders.Practical ApplicationsPulsed light could be used for the decontamination of foods and reduce variety of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Exposure of red pepper powder to different levels of doses proposed in this study demonstrates alternative approaches for microbial inactivation and mycotoxins degradation of the product. Moreover, pulsed light treatment is a young technology using short treatment times with potential feasibility. The technique can be of great interest for the scientific and industrial R&D community dealing with pulsed light technology, microbial, and mycotoxins inactivation kinetics, food safety, and quality control.
Exclusive breastfeeding of full‐term infants during the first 6 months after discharge from a neonatal unit in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Li , He Junli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo elucidate breastfeeding patterns, the reasons for stopping exclusive breastfeeding, and the sociodemographic characteristics associated with exclusive breastfeeding of full‐term infants during the 6 months after discharge from a neonatal unit in China.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included mothers of full‐term infants who were discharged from the 40‐bed neonatal unit (level IIA) of a tertiary hospital in Hunan province, China between August 2019 and September 2020. Information on breastfeeding patterns was collected through telephone interviews with the mothers 6 months after their infants had been discharged from the neonatal unit. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding.ResultsThis study included 489 mother–infant dyads. At 6 months after discharge, 51.5% of mothers were exclusively breastfeeding, 29.0% of mothers were partially breastfeeding, and 19.4% of mothers were not breastfeeding. The most common reason for stopping breastfeeding was “poor milk supply” (81.2%). Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding included multiparity, exclusive breastfeeding before the hospitalization, providing breast milk to the hospitalized infant, and a high level of maternal education.ConclusionsIn the Chinese culture, mothers who experienced multiparity and higher‐level education were more likely to breastfeed their infants to 6 months after discharge from the neonatal unit. In addition, infants who were exclusively breastfed before and during hospitalization were also more likely to be exclusively breastfed after discharge. The results will help inform future research aimed at identifying interventions to reduce early breastfeeding cessation.
Reactive astrogliosis: A friend or foe in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kumar Amit , Fontana Igor C. , Nordberg Agneta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAstrocytes are highly efficient homeostatic glial cells playing a crucial role in optimal brain functioning and homeostasis. Astrocytes respond to changes in brain homoeostasis following central nervous system (CNS) injury/diseased state by a specific defence mechanism called reactive astrogliosis. Recent studies have implicated and placed reactive astrogliosis in the centre of pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. The AD biomarker field is evolving rapidly with new findings providing strong evidence which supports the notion that a reactive astrogliosis is an early event in the time course of AD progression which may precede other pathological hallmarks of AD. Clinical/translational in vivo PET and in vitro postmortem brain imaging studies demonstrated ‘a first and second wave’ of reactive astrogliosis in AD with distinct close‐loop relationships with other pathological biomarkers at different stages of the disease. At the end stages, reactive astrocytes are found to be associated, or in proximity, with amyloid plaque and tau pathological deposits in postmortem AD brains. Several new PET‐tracers, which are being in pipeline and validated at a very fast pace for mapping and visualising reactive astrogliosis in the brain, will provide further invaluable mechanistic insights into AD and other non‐AD dementia pathologies. The complementary roles of microglia and astrocyte activation in AD progression, along with the clinical value of new fluid astrocytes biomarkers in the context of existing biomarkers, are the latest avenue that needs further exploration.
Public spending, monetary policy and macroeconomic instability
Authors: Fu Zhiming , Le Riche Antoine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe analyze sunspot‐driven fluctuations in a standard neoclassical growth model with money holdings and public spending. In our economy, money is needed for transaction purpose, while public spending is financed through a flat income tax. Public spending includes an incompressible component and a variable part, and the latter exerts positive externalities on private utility or production. Our theoretical results show that the composition of public spending and externalities have important effects on local stability properties. First, in the absence of externalities, there is a unique steady state, and local indeterminacy depends on the interplay between the share of the cash‐in‐advance constraint and the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of consumption. Second, in the presence of externalities, multiple equilibria might emerge under weak enough production externality, while uniqueness of the steady state prevails under strong production or under consumption externality. We further show that weak production/consumption externality or strong consumption externality could generate local (in)determinacy of the steady state depending on the share of the cash‐in‐advance constraint while strong production externality generates local determinacy of the steady state. Finally, based on numerical examples, we show that an increase in the variable public spending and the income tax rate exert a local stabilizing effect while externalities promote locally the likelihood of local indeterminacy.
Empirical newsvendor biases: Are target service levels achieved effectively and efficiently?
Authors: Sachs Anna‐Lena , Becker‐Peth Michael , Minner Stefan , Thonemann Ulrich W. 
Published: December 2021

Human decision making in the newsvendor context has been analyzed intensively in laboratory experiments, where various decision biases have been identified. However, it is unclear whether the biases also exist in practice. We analyze the ordering decisions of a manufacturer who faces a multiproduct newsvendor problem with an aggregate service‐level constraint. We find that the manufacturer broadly exhibits the same biases as subjects in the laboratory and is prone to another bias that has not been identified before, that is, group aggregation. The bias can be attributed to the multi‐product problem of the manufacturer, and refers to the observation that the service levels are not optimized for individual products, but rather for product groups. Our data allow us to analyze the performance of a manufacturer in detail and we find that target service levels are achieved effectively, but not efficiently. We provide rationales for the manufacturer's ordering behavior, discuss managerial implications, and quantify the financial benefits of debiasing ordering decisions.
Mitogenomics reveals phylogenetic relationships of Patellogastropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda) and dynamic gene rearrangements
Authors: Xu Tao , Qi Lu , Kong Lingfeng , Li Qi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPatellogastropoda has been recognized as the most ‘primitive’ group of living Gastropoda and plays important role in littoral marine ecosystems. Both morphological and molecular works have attempted to resolve the phylogenetic framework of Patellogastropoda, but evolutionary relationships among major lineages remain controversial. In addition, a few mitogenomes sequenced of Patellogastropoda exhibit extensive rearrangements; however, it was unclear that which one can represent the ancestral gene arrangement. In this regard, we sequenced 10 new mitochondrial genomes and analysed them with previously published nine mitogenomes and six transcriptomic data which represent six families of Patellogastropoda. A well‐supported phylogeny was reconstructed based on the amino acid sequences of 13 protein‐coding genes, recovered Lottioidea as non‐monophyletic with two well‐supported lineages. Comprehensive taxon sampling in Lottiidae allows us to recoverLottia digitalissister toLottia cassis. Comparing gene order among families, genera and species showed that Nacellidae has a conserved gene arrangement which is similar to that of hypothetical ancestral Gastropoda, whereas Lottiidae exhibits extensive rearrangements even without considering the changes of tRNA genes. A chronogram dating mayor cladogenetic events within the group was also reconstructed. Our results provide new insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Patellogastropoda and detect dramatic gene rearrangements within the group.
Random Fiber Network Loaded by a Point Force
Authors: Merson J. , Picu R. C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article presents the displacement field produced by a point force acting on an athermal random fiber network (the Green function for the network). The problem is defined within the limits of linear elasticity, and the field is obtained numerically for nonaffine networks characterized by various parameter sets. The classical Green function solution applies at distances from the point force larger than a threshold which is independent of the network parameters in the range studied. At smaller distances, the nonlocal nature of fiber interactions modifies the solution.
Success and Challenges Associated with Large-Scale Collaborative Surveillance for Carbapenemase Genes in Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Das Sanchita , Bush Karen 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, especially in Gram-negative bacteria, has led to significant morbidity and increased cost of health care. Large surveillance studies such as the one performed by the Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network are immensely valuable in understanding the scope of resistance mechanisms, especially among carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria. However, the routine laboratory detection of carbapenemases in these bacteria remains challenging and requires further optimization.
Multi-institutional intervention to improve patient perception of physician empathy in emergency care
Authors: Pettit Katie , Messman Anne , Scott Nathaniel , Puskarich Michael , Wang Hao , Alanis Naomi , Dehon Erin , Konrath Sara , Welch Robert D , Kline Jeffrey 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundPhysician empathy has been linked to increased patient satisfaction, improved patient outcomes and reduced provider burnout. Our objective was to test the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve physician empathy and trust in the ED setting.MethodsPhysician participants from six emergency medicine residencies in the US were studied from 2018 to 2019 using a pre–post, quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design with randomisation at the site level. Intervention participants at three hospitals received an educational intervention, guided by acognitivemap (the ‘empathy circle’). This intervention was further emphasised by the use of motivational texts delivered to participants throughout the course of the study. The primary outcome was change in E patient perception of resident empathy (Jefferson scale of patient perception of physician empathy (JSPPPE) and Trust in Physicians Scale (Tips)) before (T1) and 3–6 months later (T2).ResultsData were collected for 221 residents (postgraduate year 1–4.) In controls, the mean (SD) JSPPPE scores at T1 and T2 were 29 (3.8) and 29 (4.0), respectively (mean difference 0.8, 95% CI: −0.7 to 2.4, p=0.20, paired t-test). In the intervention group, the JSPPPE scores at T1 and T2 were 28 (4.4) and 30 (4.0), respectively (mean difference 1.4, 95% CI: 0.0 to 2.8, p=0.08). In controls, the TIPS at T1 was 65 (6.3) and T2 was 66 (5.8) (mean difference −0.1, 95% CI: −3.8 to 3.6, p=0.35). In the intervention group, the TIPS at T1 was 63 (6.9) and T2 was 66 (6.3) (mean difference 2.4, 95% CI: 0.2 to 4.5, p=0.007). Hierarchical regression revealed no effect of time×group interaction for JSPPPE (p=0.71) nor TIPS (p=0.16).ConclusionAn educational intervention with the addition of text reminders designed to increase empathic behaviour was not associated with a change in patient-perceived empathy, but was associated with a modest improvement in trust in physicians.
Mitigating post-fire regeneration failure in boreal landscapes with reforestation and variable retention harvesting: At what cost?
Authors: Cyr Dominic , Splawinski Tadeusz B. , Pascual Puigdevall Jesus , Valeria Osvaldo , Leduc Alain , Thiffault Nelson , Bergeron Yves , Gauthier Sylvie 
Published: December 2021

Successive disturbances such as fire can affect post-disturbance regeneration density, with documented adverse effects on subsequent stand productivity. We conducted a simulation study to assess the potential of reactive (reforestation) and proactive (variable retention harvesting) post-fire regeneration failure mitigation strategies in a 1.37 Mha fire-prone boreal landscape dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). We quantified their respective capacity to maintain landscape productivity and post-fire resilience, as well as their associated financial returns under current and projected (RCP 8.5) fire regimes. While post-fire reforestation with jack pine revealed to be the most effective strategy to maintain potential production, associated costs quickly became prohibitive when applied over extensive areas. Proactive strategies such as an extensive use of variable retention harvesting, combined with replanting of fire-adapted jack pine only in easily accessible areas, appeared as a more promising approach. Despite this, our results suggest an inevitable erosion of forest productivity due to post-fire regeneration failure events, highlighting the importance of integrating fire a priori in strategic forest management planning as well as its effects on long-term regeneration dynamics.