bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Canal Colonies; Agricultural Development and Socio-Political Change in British Multan
Authors: Akhter Sajjad , Nadeem Basit 
Published: December 2021

Punjab was the last province which annexed with British India in 1949.British implemented many reforms in sub-continent, but Canal Colonies were excellent irrigation system introduced by the British, especially in the south west part of the Punjab province. These canal colonies proved very useful for the agriculture sector which boost up the not only the economic condition of the native people of the colonies areas but also increase revenue collection of the British government in India. Canal Colonies changed the arid/ barren land of the southern district of the province into a fertile land. British government also achieved their objectives through canal colonies. Therefore, government allotted the land of the canal colonies in different categories and rewarded some specific classes in native communities of the canal colonies. In canal colonies government reserved huge piece of land for their military objective because Indian Military was necessary for the strong law and order in British India and their strong influence in Middle East and other parts of the world. These canal colonies bring an agriculture revolution in the province which change the socio-economic condition of the people of the native districts. In Multan three major canal colonies were introduced, Sidhnai, Lower Bari Doab and Nili Bar canal colony. In these canal colonies British government also implemented same polices like the previous canal colonies of the province. Therefore, the in Multan district landed elites were loyal and cooperative with government with their wealth and men. These landed elites played important role at political canvas of the province during British rule in Multan.
Detención provisional o libertad bajo cautela aproximación a un derecho garantista y utilitarista
Authors: Barragán Quirós Carlos Manuel Pedro Pablo 
Published: December 2021

La detención provisional, ha sido a través de la historia uno de los temas más discutidos y atacados en el Derecho Procesal Penal. Mediante la utilización de esta medida instrumental las cárceles se han mantenido hinchadas de culpables y no culpables. En este conciso ensayo pretendemos proyectar que la privación de libertad no debe convertirse bajo ninguna circunstancia en una pena anticipada. Los embates que padece una persona en un centro penitenciario no tienen vuelta atrás. El juzgador, al momento de decidir sobre lo que argumenten las partes, debe avocarse a una justificada, proporcional e idónea detención provisional o una libertad con ciertas limitaciones. Por esto, la detención provisional es la última ratio, la última medida que se ha de aplicar para asegurar el proceso, a la víctima y la sociedad en general.
Trends in Private Equity Acquisition of Orthopaedic Surgery Practices in the United States
Authors: Mikhail Christopher , Shankar Dhruv , Taree Amir , Mody Kush , Barbera Joseph , Okewunmi Jeffrey , Cho Samuel , Anthony Shawn 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Independent orthopaedic practices in the United States have become attractive targets for acquisition by hospital systems and private equity (PE) firms because of the increasing demand for outpatient surgery. Consolidation in this market will have notable effects on the delivery and cost of orthopaedic services. In this study, we identified major trends in orthopaedic practice acquisitions over the past decade.

Methods:
A list of acquisition deals between 2010 and 2019 was compiled from four business databases: S&P Capital IQ, CB Insights, Thomson ONE, and Zephyr. Deals were categorized as PE-backed or not PE-backed. Headquarter locations of the buying and selling companies and transaction value were obtained for each deal when available.

Results:
A total of 68 deals were obtained of which 5 (7.4%) were PE-backed. The buyer and seller were located in the same state in 50 (73.5%) of the deals. Transaction values were available for only four deals ranging from $2.52 million to $35 million.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that consolidation of orthopaedic practices from 2010 to 2019 was driven by large healthcare entities rather than PE firms. Furthermore, intrastate acquisitions were markedly more common than interstate acquisitions, possibly because of greater legal feasibility and ease of clinical integration.
Etnisch profileren door de overheid en de zoektocht naar adequate remedies
Authors: Rodrigues Peter , van der Woude Maartje 
Published: December 2021

Etnisch profileren door de overheid en de zoektocht naar adequate remedies
Ethnic profiling by governments unfortunately has a worldwide interest. If we look at the Dutch situation, it turns out that the problem is not limited to the police. Serious problems also arise when it comes to checking the legality of tax benefits and detecting benefit fraud. In this contribution, the authors draw attention to racial discrimination due to the use of profiles by government institutions in the Netherlands. It seems that our anti-discrimination legislation is in good order and that raises the question of whether legal refinement is needed or whether solutions should be sought outside the legal sphere. The authors think the latter strategy and make suggestions for a more holistic solution direction.
Het rechtencurriculum als katalysator voor een inclusieve samenleving
Authors: Beijerman Martine 
Published: December 2021

Het rechtencurriculum als katalysator voor een inclusieve samenleving – Een proeve van ‘systeemkritiek’
Students in law school learn to understand the legal system, rulings, and laws. Teachers emphasize the importance of legal principles and democratic values such as freedom and equality. However, at the same time, the society in which the aspiring lawyers will work is often built on structures of inequality, exclusion, and injustice. Law schools have the opportunity and the moral responsibility to make their students aware of the inevitable gap between ideals and the application of laws that facilitate or sustain social injustice. To this end, some reflection on the human tendency to bias and moral overestimation is a necessary first step. This reflection paves the way for the introduction of different theoretical perspectives on justice and injustice within the legal curriculum. Students learn to question and to reconsider dominant assumptions and points of view. These skills are fundamental to develop into lawyers who not only enforce the laws as they exist today but also consider how those laws may or may not be contributing to the preservation of democratic values in our society.
“When I Came to Canada, All I Did Was Cry”
Authors: Dounia Margarita 
Published: December 2021

Love, distress, hope, and pride are concepts seldom associated with the movement of Greek women to Montreal in the post–World War II years. This chapter contributes to an understanding of emotions as key elements in the decision to migrate, as well as to forging gendered identities and lives. Utilizing oral history and emotion theory, the chapter attempts to put forward a narrative of gendered migration as a lived emotional experience.
Pensar lo material
Authors: Labanyi Jo 
Published: December 2021

Esta versión revisada y actualizada de un artículo publicado originalmente en inglés en 2010 constituye una introducción a las principales teorizaciones en lengua inglesa del afecto (entendido este término en el sentido que ha adquirido en los affect studies) y de la materialidad. Termina con unas reflexiones sobre cómo estas teorizaciones podrían ser aprovechadas por los investigadores en las humanidades.
El esqueleto postcraneal de Hemihegetotherium (Hegetotheriidae, Notoungulata) del Mioceno Superior de Puchuzum, San Juan, Argentina
Authors: Cerdeño Esperanza , Contreras Victor Hugo 
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo, se describen los restos postcraneale s de un hegetotérid o (Notoungulata) hallados en e1 yacimiento de Puchuzum, situado en el valle de Calingasta, en la provincia de San Juan, Argentina. La asociación de mamíferos encontrada en Puehuzum permite atribuirla a la edad Huayqueriense (Mioceno superior). Se confirma la determinación genérica preliminar de los restos estudiados y se completa a nivel específico, identificándolos con Hemihegetotherium achathaleptum Rovereto, 1914. Existen muy pocas descripciones del esqueleto postcraneal de los hegetotéridos, ya que la mayoría de las especies se basan principalmente en restos dentarios. Por el1o, algunos de los huesos postcraneales de Hemihegetotherium se describen aquí por primera vez. La revisión de otros materiales de este género nos lleva a establecer la sinonimia de las tres especies Huayqueriense H. achathaleptum H Asimismo se confirma la pertenencia de género Hemihegetotherium de la especie chaquiquense, H. Torresi, H. achathaleptum se distribuye en provincias argentinas de Catamarca, San Juan, Mendoza y La Pampa, mientras que la especie más antigua, H. torres i, se conoce de la provincia de Buenos Aires.
Utility of olfactory identification test for screening of cognitive dysfunction in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Nogi Satoshi , Uchida Kentaro , Maruta Jumpei , Kurozumi Hideo , Akada Satoshi , Shiba Masatsugu , Inoue Koki 
Published: December 2021

Background
There is a need for a large-scale screening test that can be used to detect dementia in older individuals at an early stage. Olfactory identification deficits have been shown to occur in the early stages of dementia, indicating their usefulness in screening tests. This study investigated the utility of an olfactory identification test as a screening test for mild cognitive dysfunction in community-dwelling older people.

Methods
The subjects were city-dwelling individuals aged over 65 years but under 85 years who had not been diagnosed with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. The Japanese version of the Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen was used to evaluate cognitive function. Based on the results, the subjects were divided into two groups: healthy group and cognitively impaired group. Olfactory identification abilities based on the Japanese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test were compared between the groups.

Results
There were 182 participants in total: 77 in the healthy group and 105 in the cognitively impaired group. The mean olfactory identification test score of the cognitively impaired group was significantly lower than that of the healthy group. The cognitive impairment test score was significantly correlated with the olfactory identification test score.

Conclusions
Cross-sectional olfactory identification deficits at baseline in community-dwelling older adults reflected cognitive dysfunction. Assessing olfactory identification ability might be useful as a screening test for mild cognitive dysfunction in community-dwelling older people.
Direct-Push Blood Transfusion Practice in the Neonatal Unit of a Tertiary Hospital in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Bassey E. U. , Adesina S. B. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Transfusion of blood is a life-saving intervention in the care of ill neonates. Donated blood is a scarce national resource and must be used in the most efficient way. Exchange blood transfusion using the blood bag is the commonest mode of blood delivery employed. Other modalities of safe and sustainable blood delivery should also be explored, especially where paucity of funds predominates. This study aims to assess the usefulness of the direct push method where applicable, as an alternative to blood bag delivery in neonatal units of resource poor settings.
Methods: A two year retrospective study of newborns admitted in the neonatal wards of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. Data obtained were the age, gender, indication for admission, packed cell volume (PCV) before and after transfusion. Blood transfusion was done in aliquots over 24 hours under aseptic conditions, via a peripheral vein. The push and pull method was employed, with no anticoagulant in the syringe. Post-transfusion PCV was done at least 24 hours after the procedure.
Results: Of the one thousand and seventy-seven (1077) admitted neonates, two hundred and thirty-nine (22.2%), received blood products. Of these, twenty-one (8.8%), received a direct whole blood transfusion. Age (days) of the neonates transfused ranged from 1 to 26 days, with a mean of 10.4 ± 8.13. The Packed Cell Volume (PCV) pre-transfusion ranged between 20% - 44%, with a mean of 30.05 ± 6.39 while post-transfusion PCV ranged between 31% to 51%, with a mean of 38.17 ± 5.52(Fig. 1). The commonest indication for transfusion was prematurity, 9(42.8%) and neonatal sepsis 5 (23.8%).
Conclusion: The direct transfusion of blood occasionally used, seems a relatively safe practice to correct mild/moderate anaemia. It also provides sufficient blood, with the advantage of usage when the umbilical cord access is no longer feasible and where cost of blood would otherwise, hinder quick intervention. This practice may need further evaluation by other centers.
Impact of Budget Deficit Financing on Money Demand in Nigeria
Authors: Francis Onyedibe Chukwudi , Uzonwanne Maria Chinecherem , Ezenekwe Uju Regina , Ejiaka Nzeribe Geraldine , Ezenweobi Ngozi Florence 
Published: December 2021

The study empirically investigates the impact of budget deficit financing on money demand in Nigeria with an objective of finding the effect of budget deficit financing indicators such as external debt financing, domestic debt as well as debt servicing on money demand. The study is modeled using a framework of Keynesian theory of budget deficit financing and Richadian Equivalent hypothesis. The study adopted an auto redistributive lag model (ARDL) which shows the existence of long run relationship between money demand and indicators of financing budget deficit and ordinary Least Square. The general findings revealed that external source of financing budget deficit, internal source of financing budget deficit as well as debt servicing has a significant effect on money demand in the Nigerian context. Base on this findings, the study recommend that external and internal source of financing deficit should be encouraged for effective demand leading to economic stability reasons and not for political reasons and it should be properly channeled to productive sector of the economy that will enhance economic stability.
The Outpatient Prescribing Pattern of Norethisterone in Al-Kharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Gabr Gamal A. , El-Sherbiny Abeer A. 
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study was conducted to demonstrate the prescribing pattern of norethisterone in Al-Kharj.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study includes evaluating outpatient prescribing of norethisterone from 1st of January 2018 to 30th of June 2018 in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Results: The age of about 31.03% of the patients who used norethisterone was between 40 and 49 years, the age of 24.14% of them was between 30 and 39, and the age of 24.14% of them were between 20 and 29 years. About 31.03% of the patients used norethisterone for 3 weeks and 17.24% of them used norethisterone for 10 days. Most of the prescriptions that contained norethisterone were prescribed by obstetrics and gynecology department (68.97%).
Conclusion: The prescribing of norethisterone was uncommon in the outpatient setting due to the availability of several alternative drugs. Further studies are needed to investigate the prescribing of norethisterone and its alternatives by the different settings.
Prevalence of Contraceptive Methods among Eligible Couples in an Urban Area of Chennai - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Avinash K. R. Deepak , Suganthi S. , Venmathi E. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Rapid population expansion is putting a strain on many developing countries' resources, especially in India. Optimal fertility management enables women and men to avoid and achieve conception and parenthood when desired. India launched officially Family Planning Programme way back in 1952 to address these issues, yet its goals were far from achieving facing stern obstacles in many forms. Surveys and studies by individual authors to find out the prevalence of contraceptive use and their determinants have been conducted in various parts of India. However, the contraceptive prevalence is not uniform across India. The aim of the study is to estimating the prevalence of contraception usage among eligible couples and to assess the factors associated with contraception usage.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among married eligible couples living in the urban area named Semencheri in Chennai. It was carried out for a period of 4 months from 2ndApril to 5th of July 2019. The study population consisted of eligible married couples with female partner of age between 15 to 49yrs of age married for at least 2 year, and having minimum one child, Based on the results of a pilot study the sample size was calculated and estimated to be 120, structured questionnaire was used to collect data.
Results: The prevalence of contraception was only 63.3% though 92.5% of couples studied were aware of the contraceptive methods, the factors like education of either of the couple and mode of delivery of the previous child were significantly associated with contraception usage.
Conclusion: Even though the use of contraception has increased among couples, still there is an unmet need for contraception, in spite of increased education qualification and knowledge about contraceptive methods.
Effect of Interaction through Child to Child Approach on Knowledge towards Junk Foods among Adolescents at Selected Private School, Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Narayani D. Lakshmi , Subbulakshmi S. , Subramanian T. Kathir , Priya A. Shanmuga 
Published: December 2021

Background: ‘Home and school is the primary source for beginning the food habits and in school, it is a place for learning and nurturing’ it is an important priority to provide intervention to improve their knowledge and competency of junk foods among adolescents.
Materials and Methods: The study aimed to assess the effect of interaction through child to child approach on knowledge towards junk foods among adolescents. A quantitative evaluative approach with a one group pre-test post-test design. The purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from 150 adolescents aged between 13-15 years, who were studying in Bhuvana Krishnan Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Kelambakkam, Chengalpattu district. The students were trained with instructional teaching programme based on child to child approach in the ratio of 1:10 for a period of one month. The structured standardized questionnaire on junk foods was used to assess the pre-test and post- test was conducted after 14 days.
Results: The study findings revealed that the post test level of knowledge of junk foods among adolescents was found to be statistically significant compared to the pre test level at p<0.001.
Conclusion: The instructional teaching programme on junk foods was effective in improving the level of knowledge of junk foods among adolescents.
Improving Quality of Life among Thalassemia Major in Adolescents: Video Assisted Teaching
Authors: Jenifa N. , Sharmil Hepsibah S. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Thalassemia major (B-TM) a grave health concern that poses serious health consequences during which there arises a mandatory need for regular blood transfusions that is vital for survival.. This led to the conception of this video assisted teaching to improve the Quality of Life (QOL) among B-TM patients.
Aim: To assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding quality of life among Thalassemia Major Adolescence and to find the association between knowledge regarding quality of life among Thalassemia Major Adolescence with selected demographic variables.
Materials and methods Sample: A Pre- test and post - test designs was conducted in Gujarat. A total of 50 adolescents were included in study. The data from the thalassemic major adolescents is collected using a predefined questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data, and the results were interpreted in terms of the study's goal and hypothesis. The 0.05 level of significance was chosen.
Results: Post-test result shows that majority of thalassemic major adolescence 11(22%) were having adequate knowledge, 39(78%) were showing moderate knowledge regarding quality of life among thalassemic major adolescence.
Conclusion: The study's goal was to see how efficient video assisted education is at improving knowledge about quality of life among thalassemia major adolescent.The goal of measuring thalassemia major adolescent knowledge and evaluating the effectiveness of video assisted instruction, researchers used a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. The knowledge of thalassemia major adolescents was assessed using a questionnaire.The data was interpreted by suitable appropriate statistical methods.
Assessment of the Level of Knowledge and Practices on Hand Hygiene among School going Children at Selected Districts, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Keerthana K. , Subbulakshmi S. , Suhail A. Ameer , Varghese Sharon , Raj S. Sesan , Johnson S. 
Published: December 2021

Background: The practice of hand washing is a simple effective way to prevent infection cleaning of the hands can prevent the spread of germs and micro organisms. Hand hygiene is recognized as a leading measure to prevent cross –transmission of microorganism. Infection due to microbes is a evolving problem in worldwide and horizontal transmission of bacterial organisms to cause a high mortality rate increased. Hand washing with soap and water can prevent a significant proportion of childhood diarrhoea and respiratory infections, the two main global causes of child mortality.
Objectives: The objectives were to assess the existing level of knowledge and practice of school going children on hand washing, to find out the correlation between level of knowledge and practice on hand washing among school going children and to find out the association between level of knowledge and practices of school going children on hand washing with their selected demographic variables.
Methods: A quantitative evaluative approach with descriptive research design was adopted. 50 school going children were selected by the purposive sampling technique.
Results: The collected data was tabulated and analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. In the level of knowledge majority of the school going children (52%) had inadequate knowledge, 28% of them were had moderately adequate knowledge and only 20% of them had adequate knowledge. The mean knowledge score on hand washing was 10.4 and the standard deviation was 4.31. The mean practice score on hand washing was 21.52 and the standard deviation was 7.4.
Conclusion: The study results shows that most of the school children were having inadequate knowledge and less desirable practices of hand washing. A structured teaching program on hand washing is very important for incorporating the knowledge among school children.