bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Armed Conflict Assessment Using Satellite Imagery
Authors: Garzón Fernando Arturo Mendez , Valánszki István 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Armed conflicts not only affect human populations but can also cause considerable damage to the environment. Its consequences are as diverse as its causes, including; water pollution from oil spills, land degradation due to the destruction of infrastructure, poisoning of soils and fields, destruction of crops and forests, over-exploitation of natural resources and paradoxically and occasionally reforestation. In this way, the environment in the war can be approached as beneficiary, stage, victim or/and spoil of war.
Although there are few papers that assess the use of remote sensing methods in areas affected by warfare, we found a gap in these studies, being both outdated and lacking the correlation of remote sensing analysis with the causes-consequences, biome features and scale. Thus, this paper presents a methodical approach focused on the assessment of the existing datasets and the analysis of the connection between geographical conditions (biomes), drivers and the assessment using remote sensing methods in areas affected by armed conflicts. We aimed to find; weaknesses, tendencies, patterns, points of convergence and divergence. Then we consider variables such as biome, forest cover affectation, scale, and satellite imagery sensors to determine the relationship between warfare drivers with geographical location assessed by remote sensing methods. We collected data from 44 studies from international peer-reviewed journals from 1998 to 2019 that are indexed using scientific search engines. We found that 62% of the studies were focused on the analysis of torrid biomes as; Tropical Rainforest, Monsoon Forest / Dry Forest, Tree Savanna and Grass Savanna, using the 64% Moderate-resolution satellite imagery sensors as; Landsat 4-5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+. Quantitative analysis of the trends identified within these areas contributes to an understanding of the reasons behind these conflicts.
Age related differences in acute coronary syndrome: An observation at a central hospital in Vietnam
Authors: Anh Dinh The , Minh Huynh Van , Binh Ho Anh , Bao Tran Quang , Hai Nguyen Thi Thai , Nam Le Xuan , Anh Tran Duc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
There is little data regarding the characteristics of young Vietnamese patients (<40 years old) who get acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to compare the risk factors, clinical-subclinical characteristics, coronary lesions, and mortality prediction (based on the GRACE and TIMI scores) of young ACS patients with their older counterparts.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted amongst 69 patients with ACS at the Cardiovascular Center of Hue Central Hospital from May 2017 to December 2018. These patients were divided into two groups: 33 patients were < 40 years old (group 1), and 36 patients were ≥ 40 years old (group 2). Demographic data, risk factors profile, clinical-subclinical characteristics, coronary lesions, and mortality prediction were compared between the two groups.

Results
Compared with group 2, group 1 had a higher proportion of severe angina (the prevalence of angina graded III-IV by CCS classification was 69.7% in group 1 versus 36.1% in group 2, P = 0.0108) and lower systolic pressure (median was 120 mmHg in group 1 versus 135 mmHg in group 2, P = 0.006). The prevalence of unstable angina and STEMI was higher in group 1 (51.5% and 36.4% in group 1 versus 30.6% and 11.1% in group 2, respectively), while NSTEMI was higher in group 2 (58.3% in group 2 versus 12.1% in group 1, P = 0.0002). The prevalence of single-vessel CAD, normal coronary angiography (CAG), nonobstructive CAD in group 1 was also higher and multi-vessel CAD was lower than group 2 (45.5%, 33.3%, 12.1% and 9.1% in group 1 versus 33.3%, 2.8%, 2.8% and 61.2% in group 2, respectively). The Gensini, GRACE, and TIMI scores were lower in group 1 (median was 5; medium was 78.55 and median was 2 in group 1 versus 37.5, 130.22 and 3 in group 2, respectively). Smoking was a risk factor for obstructive CAD in group 1 (OR = 7.12, 95% CI: 1.25–40.63, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Young patients with ACS tended to be males, smokers, and with positive familial history; the grade of angina was more severe, and systolic pressure was lower; the prevalence of unstable angina and STEMI was higher. Smoking was a risk factor for obstructive CAD in young patients.
Projected Destination Image: A Content Analysis of Promotional Videos for City-level Tourism Destination
Authors: Drule Alexandra M. , Băcilă Mihai F. , Souca Luiza M. , Ciornea Raluca 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The current paper used content analysis to examine 50 commercials featuring the most internationally visited cities in the world as of 2019. It analyzed the components, scenes, and frames used to create the projected image of an attractive tourism destination, appealing to tourists from all walks of life. Regardless of the region to which the city belongs, most promotional videos used items from all the significant dimensions identified: natural resources; atmosphere of the place; culture, history, art; tourist infrastructure; entertainment resources; shopping resources; social environment; other resources. Overall, the most common frames identified were outdoor sports activities, historical and archeological buildings, and restaurants, and fine dining. In contrast, the least common frames were tourist information center, smart city aspects, and awards and distinctions. The analysis shows that most Asia and the Pacific, and European cities choose frames depicting historical and archeological buildings, while cities in the Americas, and the Middle East and Africa go for frames depicting outdoor sports activities. From an affective perspective, the atmosphere of the place depicted for Asia and the Pacific, and American cities emphasizes inclusivity, European cities are relaxing, and for the Middle East and Africa is vibrancy. As a subcategory, inclusivity defined as racial, age, sexual and gender, religious, and disability related diversity, had the best representation for racial diversity in all the regions, sexual and gender, and age-related diversity were polarized by region, while religious diversity and disability-related diversity were the least visible.
Analysis of selected mineral and waste sorbents for the capture of elemental mercury from exhaust gases
Authors: Wdowin Magdalena , Macherzyński Mariusz , Panek Rafał , Wałęka Mateusz , Górecki Jerzy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Several mineralogically, chemically and texturally diverse minerals and waste materials were selected for the testing of elemental mercury capture in exhaust gas, namely tyre char resulting from the burning of pyrolytic rubber tyres, class C fly ash, mesoporous material type MCM-41 and glauconite. Each material’s mineralogical, chemical and textural characteristics were explored. In order to conduct experiments in conditions similar to those during the contact of sorbent with real coal exhaust fumes at a temperature of about 110-120°C, the experiments were carried out using a test device consisting of a furnace for burning powdered coals, a thermostatic cage for sorbent reactors and mercury gas analysers, which are able to measure and compare the effects of individual sorbents with exhaust gas. The study found that the best results for mercury sorption in the exhaust atmosphere were obtained for class C ash resulting from brown coal combustion.
Integral inequalities via harmonically h-convexity
Authors: Merad Meriem , Meftah Badreddine , Souahi Abdourazek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we establish some estimates of the left side of the generalized Gauss-Jacobi quadrature formula for harmonic h-preinvex functions involving Euler’s beta and hypergeometric functions. The obtained results are mainly based on the identity given by M. A. Noor, K. I. Noor and S. Iftikhar in [17].
A Frequency-Time Algorithm of Parameter Estimation for Sinusoidal Signal in Noise
Authors: Chen Peng , Chen Qin , Xie Zhijun , Chen Xiaohui , Zhao Shaomei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a computationally efficient and high precision parameter estimation algorithm with frequency-time combination is proposed to improve the estimation performance for sinusoidal signal in noise, which takes the advantages of frequency- and time-domain algorithms. The noise influence is suppressed through spectrum analysis to get coarse frequency, and the fine frequency is obtained by denoising filtering and using linear prediction property. Then, estimation values of the amplitude and initial phase are obtained. The numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm makes up for the shortcomings of frequency- and time-domain algorithms and improves the anti-interference performance and parameter estimation accuracy for sinusoidal signal.
Role of the Construction Market and the Firm for Sustainable Development and Sustainable Construction
Authors: Marichova Aneta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sustainable development and sustainable construction present every firm with new challenges. The concept of sustainability is the new driving force for the firm and decision making, which are part of the overall sustainable strategy. The implementation of this strategy is a factor for creating, offering and realizing additional economic, social and environmental value for the client, stakeholders and society as a whole, and building competitive advantages. Detailed knowledge of the principles and requirements for sustainability and the necessary changes at the market and company level are mandatory for every construction manager. The main goal of the research is 1) analysis of the role of the construction market and the firm for sustainable development and sustainable construction, 2) outlining the necessary changes in the organization and management of the firm in order to create sustainable construction firm and development sustainable construction.
Comparative Analysis by Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of the Two Thermal Systems Using Solar Radiation as a Source of Energy
Authors: Toma Petrică Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents comparative analysis by mathematical modeling and simulation of two thermal systems for hot water production consisting of solar collectors and storage tank with and without inbuilt heat exchanger. Thermal hot water systems use solar radiation as the source of energy, and mathematical models of their simulation are developed in Scilab-Xcos. An example of simulation of these thermal systems is also presented in this paper.
Systems to Protect and Improve the Behavior of Buildings Located In Macroporous Lands Susceptible to Wetting
Authors: Pericleanu Bucur Dan , Pericleanu Mihaela , Grămescu Ana Maria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Macroporous lands sensitive to wetting represent a category of sites with high vulnerability during construction exploitation. In this regard an effective measure is the protective shielding measures against the main factors influencing its behavior. The paper deals with a complex case study by both its importance functions and the fact that the objective analyzed is a part of historical monuments of particular value to the local community, namely the water tower in Braila Public Garden - România.
Surrogate (Replacement) Motherhood or should the uterus be rented?
Authors: Donev Dejan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAfter the birth of the “test-tube baby,” the triumphant success of reproductive technologies has dramatically accelerated scientific research in many fields and given hope to couples struggling with the problem of infertility. However, at the same time, new and numerous moral, ethical, bioethical, legal, social, cultural, and gender dilemmas and controversies have been imposed, especially in countries where trends of negative population growth are increasingly emphasized. These assisted reproductive technologies are making a difference, and not just from the aspect of medicine towards sterility. They are also profoundly affecting social and cultural patterns of marriage, partnership, parenting, and gender. Surrogate or surrogate motherhood, as part of the field of reproductive technology issues, calls for an urgent rethinking of the possibilities for institutionalized motherhood practices in contemporary society and its effects in everyday life. In other words, it is an attempt to demystify, denaturalize, and re-evaluate maternal norms, which always indicate relationships in specific material conditions of centralizing or decentralizing public or private power or sociability. However, they primarily and above all are related to the possibility of prior (bio)ethical evaluation, which would ensure sound legal regulation with respect to the possible (evil) use and commercialization of human life.
Algorithm for the development of systemic pharmaceutical care messages aimed at clinicians as exemplified by community – acquired pneumonia
Authors: Zimenkovsky Andriy , Sekh Myroslava , Yanyshyn Ulyana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction. Medication errors, which are increasing in number every year worldwide, represent a significant part of the development of adverse pharmacotherapy results, what creates the need to develop additional tools and means that could effectively provide mechanisms of rational pharmacotherapy.

Aim. Development of an algorithm for the creation of systemic messages of pharmaceutical care aimed at clinicians, concerning specific nosology.

Material and methods. The object of the study was the medical documentation of 540 patients of the therapeutic unit who were diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. The quality analysis of the prescribed pharmacotherapy was conducted according to our modified European Classification Scheme PCNE V5.01 for detection of drug-related problems (DRP).

Results. As many as 8386 DRPs were detected in the analyzed 540 medical prescriptions. Based on them, 276 systemic pharmaceutical care messages were formed, which are related to nosology in general and aimed at clinicians.

Conclusions. According to the results of the pharmacotherapy quality assessment of 540 patients, in particular those with community-acquired pneumonia, 8386 DRPs were identified, which confirmed our scientific hypothesis regarding its low quality. The proposed algorithm for the development of systemic pharmacy care messages aimed at clinicians may serve as an additional tool that could effectively provide rational pharmacotherapy mechanisms.
The level of the illness acceptance among patients of the Department of Alcohol Addiction Therapy
Authors: Chmielowiec Krzysztof , Kasprzycki Andrzej , Grzywacz Anna , Masiak Jolanta , Chmielowiec Jolanta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction. The illness acceptance is one of the most effective strategies to cope with a chronic illness.

Aim. The purpose of this study is to recognize which factors determine and favor acceptance of a chronic illness, in regard to the personal resources of alcohol-dependent patients.

Material and methods. The study was conducted on 60 alcohol-dependent patients. During the study, the following research tools were used: Rosenberg’s SES questionnaire and AIS scale questionnaire.

Results and conclusions. The study group is characterized by an average level of acceptance of the disease. The level of self-esteem is an important factor in determining the level of acceptance of the disease in patients.
Diagnostic methods used in children with malocclusion
Authors: Pałka Justyna , Zieliński Grzegorz , Gawda Joanna , Gawda Piotr 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction. With advances in technology, there has been a need for more precise imaging methods which have become an integral part of the orthodontic treatment plan.

Aim. The aim of this study is to present diagnostic methods that are currently used in children with malocclusion.

Material and methods. The materials analysed in this review are articles from PubMed and Google Scholar. To identify relevant publications, the search was carried out using the key word combination: imaging, diagnostics, malocclusion, children, orthodontics. The number of 16 research papers in which these keywords appeared were qualified for this review.

Results. According to the mentioned publications, pantomographic images are the most frequently recommended method for detecting dental anomalies. Cephalometry was used to observe changes in the facial axis and to measure the length of the jaw. CBCT is being used more and more often, mainly to identify possible prognostic factors in the case of canine retention/eruption in the maxilla. The method of magnetic resonance imaging was also compared with cephalometric images.

Conclusions. 1. The pantomogram is a useful and frequently used method in the detection of craniofacial anomalies. 2. Cephalometry allows the effects of the treatment to be monitored. 3. CBCT is a significant diagnostic tool to assess the growth of craniofacial structures. 4. MRI diagnostics limits the patient’s exposure to harmful ionizing radiation. 5. There is a need to educate medical staff and conduct further research on the methods of diagnostic imaging in children.
Assessment of the functional efficiency of the elderly
Authors: Fidecki Wiesław , Wysokiński Mariusz , Kulina Dorota , Kuszplak Kamil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction. Functional efficiency is a product of various deficits, regardless of the diseases that cause them and other factors. The assessment of the functioning status allows for focusing of activities on diagnostic and therapeutic ones and is a platform for agreement between the parties involved in geriatric care.

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the functional efficiency of geriatric patients under long-term care.

Material and method. The research was carried out in a group of 518 elderly people receiving long-term care. The age of the respondents was in the range of 65-92 years old. The research was carried out using the NOSGER scale (Nurses’ Observation Scale for Geriatric Patients). This scale allows to quickly and easily assess the psychological, mental and social condition of the patient.

Results. When assessing with the NOSGER scale, the average result was 80.64 points. Among the component areas, the largest deficits were reported in the field of instrumental activities of everyday life (mean 17.41 points), and the best score was in the area of disruptive behaviors (mean 8.67 points).

Conclusions. The studied group of geriatric patients was characterized by a reduced level of functional fitness. The greatest deficits were found in the basic activities of everyday life. Education significantly differentiated the functional efficiency of the surveyed seniors.
Molecular mechanisms of drugs recommended in COVID-19 treatment
Authors: Walczak Katarzyna , Makuch-Kocka Anna , Ziemińska Justyna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of an effective treatment for COVID-19 is now one of the main tasks of scientists and doctors from all over the world. The rapidly spreading SARS-CoV2 virus infection is a serious health problem among the public. Similarity of SARSCoV2 to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV may suggest the effectiveness of COVID-19 treatment with drugs used to fight infections of previously identified Coronaviridae viruses. On the basis of gained experience and new clinical trials, the Polish Society of Epidemiologists and Infectious Diseases Physicians has created guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19. The recommendations concern primary and supportive treatment at different stages of the disease. This article provides a brief review of the molecular mechanisms of drugs currently used in Poland for the treatment of COVID-19.
Correlation between air pollution in Lublin and the number of hospitalizations due to exacerbations of chronic lung and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Jaremek Edyta , Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction. Air pollution exacerbates chronic lung and cardiovascular diseases. The greatest importance is assigned to dusts with a diameter of 2.5 μm (PM 2.5) and a diameter of 10 μm (PM 10) resulting from the combustion of solid fuels.

Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between air pollution in Lublin in 2019 and the number of hospitalizations due to exacerbations of chronic lung and heart diseases.

Material and methods. The material was collected in Lublin from January 1st 2019 to December 31st 2019. The concentration of PM 2.5, PM 10 dust, air temperature and humidity were measured with the DM106A sensor. Data on the number of hospitalizations were obtained from the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 4 (SPSK 4) in Lublin. The material was statistically analyzed with the IBM SPSS Statistics package. The obtained results of the analysis were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.

Results. The average annual humidity was 59.1%, the concentration of PM 2.5 was 24.9 μg/m3, and PM 10 was 33 μg/m3. Dust concentrations increased at the beginning of heating season in October. They were high till the end of March. They fell in the spring. With increasing air humidity, there were more hospitalizations due to exacerbation of lung diseases. Men and women were more often admitted to hospital due to exacerbations of cardiovascular diseases than lung problems.

Conclusions. In low air temperatures during heating season dust concentrations increase but they do not affect the number of hospitalizations in Lublin. Air humidity is the factor correlated with admissions to hospital of both men and women with lung and heart diseases.
Sensory Feedback in Upper Limb Prostheses
Authors: Dimante Dace , Logina Ināra , Sinisi Marco , Krūmiņa Angelika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Loss of an arm is a devastating condition that can cross all socioeconomic groups. A major step forward in rehabilitation of amputees has been the development of myoelectric prostheses. Current robotic arms allow voluntary movements by using residual muscle contraction. However, a significant issue is lack of movement control and sensory feedback. These factors play an important role in integration and embodiment of a robotic arm. Without feedback, users rely on visual cues and experience overwhelming cognitive demand that results in poorer use of a prosthesis. The complexity of the afferent system presents a great challenge of creating a closed-loop hand prosthesis. Several groups have shown progress providing sensory feedback for upper limb amputees using robotic arms. Feedback, although still limited, is achieved through direct implantation of intraneural electrodes as well as through non-invasive methods. Moreover, evidence shows that over time some amputees develop a phantom sensation of the missing limb on their stump. This phenomenon can occur spontaneously as well as after non-invasive nerve stimulation, suggesting the possibility of recreating a sensory homunculus of the hand on the stump. Furthermore, virtual reality simulation in combination with mechanical stimulation of skin could augment the sensation phenomenon, leading to better interface between human and robotic arms.
German Exports: Impact on the Selected EU Countries
Authors: Juráček Marek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research focuses on the impact of German exports on exports of the other selected EU countries. We used the Global VAR approach to build a robust trade model between 23 EU countries, the USA, and China. By stressing this model with different shocks, we were able to observe how exports of the EU countries react to German loss of competitiveness and decline of demand from Germany. Based on our simulation, we could identify countries which i. are Germany’s competitors and would benefit from German loss of competitiveness, ii. are tied with German trade so tightly that loss of German competitiveness would negatively affect their exports.