bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of Beta-cell Function in Subjects With Multiple Islet Autoantibodies in the TEDDY Family Prevention Study - TEFA
Authors: Martinez Maria Cecilia Månsson , Spiliopoulos Lampros , Salami Falastin , Agardh Daniel , Toppari Jorma , Lernmark Åke , Kero Jukka , Veijola Riitta , Tossavainen Päivi , Palmu Sauli , Lundgren Markus , Borg Henrik , Katsarou Anastasia , Larsson Helena Elding , Knip Mikael , Maziarz Marlena , Törn Carina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIndividuals with multiple islet autoantibodies are at increased risk for clinical type 1 diabetes and may proceed gradually from stage to stage complicating the recruitment to secondary prevention studies. We evaluated multiple islet autoantibody positive subjects before randomisation for a clinical trial one month apart for beta-cell function, glucose metabolism and continuous glucose monitoring. We hypothesized that the number and type of islet autoantibodies in combination with different measures of glucose metabolism including fasting glucose, HbA1c, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), intra venous glucose tolerance test (IvGTT) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) allows for more precise staging of autoimmune type 1 diabetes than the number of islet autoantibodies alone.MethodsSubjects (n=57) at 2-50 years of age, positive for two or more islet autoantibodies were assessed by fasting plasma insulin, glucose, HbA1c as well as First Phase Insulin Response (FPIR) in IvGTT, followed one month later by OGTT, and one week of CGM (n=24).ResultsAutoantibodies against GAD65 (GADA; n=52), ZnT8 (ZnT8A; n=40), IA-2 (IA-2A; n=38) and insulin (IAA; n=28) were present in 9 different combinations of 2-4 autoantibodies. Fasting glucose and HbA1c did not differ between the two visits. The estimate of the linear relationship between log2(FPIR) as the outcome and log2(OGTT glucose AUC) as the predictor, adjusting for age and sex was -1.88 (-2.71, -1.05) p = 3.49x10-5. The direction of the estimates for all glucose metabolism measures was positive except for FPIR, which was negative. FPIR was associated with higher blood glucose. Both the median and the spread of the CGM glucose data were significantly associated with higher glucose values based on OGTT, higher HbA1c, and lower FPIR. There was no association between glucose metabolism, autoantibody number and type except that there was an indication that the presence of at least one of ZnT8(Q/R/W)A was associated with a lower log2-transformed FPIR (-0.80 (-1.58, -0.02), p = 0.046). Conclusions The sole use of two or more islet autoantibodies as inclusion criterion for Stage 1 diabetes in prevention trials is unsatisfactory. Staging type 1 diabetes needs to take the heterogeneity in beta-cell function and glucose metabolism into account. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02605148, November 16, 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct02605148
Inulin-g-poly-D,L-lactide, a Sustainable Amphiphilic Copolymer for Nano-Therapeutics
Authors: Sardo Carla , Mencherini Teresa , Tommasino Carmela , Esposito Tiziana , Russo Paola , Gaudio Pasquale Del , Aquino Rita Patrizia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cancer therapies started to take a big advantage from new nanomedicines on the market. Since then, research tried to better understand how to maximize efficacy whilst maintaining a high safety profile. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), the gold standard for nanomedicines coating design, although in many cases is a winning choice to ensure a long circulation and colloidal stability, in other cases cause, after the first administration, the development in patients of PEG directed immunoglobulins. The phenomenon, called ABC effect, has been studied and correlated with clinical failure because of the premature removal from the circulation by immune mechanism. Therefore, alternatives to PEG need to be found. Here, looking at the backbone structural analogy, the hydrophilicity, flexibility and its GRAS status, the natural polysaccharide Inulin (INU) was investigated as PEG alternative. In particular, the first family of Inulin-g-poly-D,L-lactide amphiphilic copolymers (INU-PLAs) was synthesized. The new materials were fully characterized from the physic-chemical point of view (solubility, 1D and 2D NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, GPC, DSC) and showed interesting hybrid properties compared to precursors. Moreover, their ability in forming stable colloids and to serve as a carrier for doxorubicin were investigated and compared with the already well known and well characterized PEGylated counterpart, polyethylene glycol-g-poly-D,L-lactide (PEG-PLA). This preliminary investigation showed INU-PLA to be able to assemble in nanostructures less than 200 nm in size and capable of loading doxorubicin with an encapsulation efficiency in the same order of magnitude of PEG-PLA analogues.
Co-Expression of Candidate Genes Regulating Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of Barki Lambs in Egypt
Authors: Ghanem Nasser , Zayed Mohamed , Mohamed Ismail , Mohammady Mona , Shehata Mohamed Farag 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sheep are considered one of the main sources of animal protein in Egypt while surviving harsh desert conditions. Therefore, the aim of present study was to link the gene expression profile of selected candidate genes with growth performance and carcass traits of Barki lambs. Thirty-eight Barki lambs were kept and fed individually after weaning till 12 months of age. Lambs were divided into 3 groups (fast, intermediate and slow growing) according to growth performance. Carcass traits were recorded directly after slaughtering. Three samples were taken from different body tissues (eye muscle, liver and fat tail) of each group, directly during slaughtering and stored at -80°C until RNA isolation. Real-time PCR was used to profile selected candidate genes (RPL7, CTP1, FABP4, ADIPOQ and CAPN3) and GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. The results indicated that, the final body weight was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater in fast (49.9 Kg) and intermediate (40.7 Kg) compared to slow growing animals (30.8 Kg). The hot carcass weight was heavier (P ≤ 0.05) in fast, intermediate (24.57 and 19.07 Kg) than low growing lambs (15.10 Kg). The blood profiles of T3 and T4 hormones showed no significant different among fast (1.1 ng/ml and 8.5 µg/dl), intermediate (0.6 ng/ml and 12.4 µg/dl) and slow growing lambs (1.0 ng/ml and 10.5 µg/dl). In addition, the total protein level was not differ in fast (5.94 g/dl), intermediate (6.52 g/dl) and slow growing lambs (6.9 g/dl). Genes involved in protein biosynthesis (RPL7), fatty acid oxidation (CPT1) and lipolysis (FABP4) were up regulated in fast and intermediate growing lambs in all studied tissues. While, gene-regulating lipogenesis (ADIPOQ) was expressed similarly in fat and liver tissues, but increased its expression in muscle of fast and intermediate growing lambs. Expression of CAPN3 was increased in fast and intermediate growing compared to slow growing lambs. In conclusion, the current study indicated a link between variation in gene expression profile in main body tissues with growth performance and carcass weight of Barki lambs, which induced by the genetic makeup however; this hypothesis required a large population for validation. In addition, the transcriptional profile of CPT1, FABP4 RPL7 and CAPN3 are linked with growth performance and carcass traits of Barki lambs, providing an evidence for the importance of co-expression of these genes in body main tissues involved in this process.
An Improved SEIR Model Considering the Impact of Contact-Restricting Policies: A Case Study of COVID-19 in Wuhan
Authors: Chen Silu , Chen Jiangping , Cheng Tianyou 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Dynamic modeling of infectious disease can simulate transmission processes of COVID-19, a newly been found infectious respiratory disease that has a substantial impact on both people's health and social development, and therefore plays an important role in the prediction and prevention of epidemics. Although there are many models that can accurately represent the number of infected patients, the influence of human factors on the transmission of the virus has not been fully investigated. Here, by considering the influence of policies on restricting contact between people, we modified the SEIR infectious disease model and developed a new model called the Quarantine-considering SEIR model (hereafter referred to as Q-SEIR), combining with dynamic parameter, contact rate, obtained by machine learning method, we can represent the effects of human movement and contact behavior during the epidemic. The experimental results show that this method can effectively represent the effect of patterns of population activity on the development of the epidemic. On one hand, our research results provide guidance for the government before issuing measures to restrict the movement and socialization of people; and on the other hand, our findings help identify the development stage of the epidemic more clearly for the public as well as provide information for citizens’ travel decisions.
Association of Aquaculture Environment Microbiota with Metabolism in American Shad (Alosa Sapidissima)
Authors: Du Jia , Liu Qinghua , Zhang Keqin , Zhang Chengxiang , Yao Gaohua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The environment microbiome affects the growth and development of fish species. Information of the environment microbiome is beneficial to increase the production of fish in different aquaculture systems. In this study we analyzed differences in environmental microbial composition, intestinal metabolites and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in American shad living in tank aquaculture and pond aquaculture environment. The results demonstrated that the dominant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae and Epsilonbacteraeota in two different environments. There were significantly changed of metabolites in different aquaculture environment, including DP-ethanolamine, L-proline, sulfuric acid, L-valine, L-tryptophan, creatinine, uric acid and L-isoleucine. The transcriptome data revealed eight genes (As23G026314, As04G005148, As21G024434, As04G005193, As23G026314, As13G016035, As02G001872 and As07G009244) related to metabolisms significantly changed in pond aquaculture group compared to tank aquaculture group. In addition, the body weight, amino acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism of American shad also significantly changed in the pond aquaculture environment. Therefore, identifying the predominant microbiome in the aquaculture environment may be prevent the disease from occurring and maintain healthy fish reared in the aquaculture environment.
Fluorinated Agents Effects on Orthodontic Alloys: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Condò Roberta , Mampieri Gianluca , Cioffi Alessandro , Cataldi Maria Elena , Dri Maria , Casaglia Adriano , Giancotti Aldo , Pasquantonio Guido , Maita Francesco , Maiolo Luca 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
In fixed orthodontics, fluoride-based mouthwashes and gels are effective preventive oral devices in counteracting demineralisations and dental caries onset but, modifying environmental acidity, they can reduce the resistance to wet corrosion of orthodontic alloys.
Methods
To evaluate the effective chemical stability of these products, a series of in vitro experiments were performed on thirty-two preformed rectangular orthodontic wires, (twenty-four in stainless steel and eight in nickel-titanium), cut in sections, obtaining ninety-six samples. They were weighed before and after immersion in five mouthwashes and two fluorinated dental gel, at three time-points, to measure weight variations and metal ions elution by acid corrosion phenomena. Elution samples, including control group of normal saline, were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, to detect metal ions residual concentration.
Results
Minimal variations in loss from initial weight were recorded. Metallic ions release was quantified, at all time-points, for all wires and it was considered in correlation with alloys composition, pH and Fluor concentration of mouthwashes and gels, and time-exposition.
Conclusions
Acidic pH substances, like fluorinated agents and normal saline considered, cause metal ions dissolution from orthodontic wires. Dissolution depended by chemical nature of the elements, alloys composition, and Fluor concentration in mouthwashes and gels. This study helps in proposing timing and methods for the usage of fluorinated agents to guarantee the prophylactic action without damaging orthodontic alloys superficial structure.
Towards the Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission of Syphilis 2015-2020: Practice and Progress in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China
Authors: Wang Hong , Ying Xia , Lin Dan , Uwimana Muhuza Marie Parfaite , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To estimate the progress towards elimination of mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of syphilis in Zhejiang province.
Methods
Data were obtained from Zhejiang provincial EMTCT network. Childbearing women infected with syphilis during 2015–2020 were recruited from. Joinpoint mode was used to analyze changing trends in syphilis screening, treatment and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), presented as the annual percentage of change (APC). Multivariate logistic regression mode was used to investigate risk factors of APOs.
Results
Of 3,658,266 participants, an average maternal syphilis incidence was 0.38%.From 2015 to 2020, the coverage of syphilis screening in pregnancy (96.31–99.24%; P < 0.001) and coverage of antenatal health care (ANC) within 13 gestational weeks were increased (55.27–77.82%; P = 0.002).The coverage of maternal syphilis treatment(88.30–98.25%; P = 0.001) and adequate treatment were also increased(66.92–83.37%; P = 0.001).Over years, the APC was − 19.30% (95%CI:-24.33~-13.92, P = 0.001 ) in perinatal death,-26.55% in congenital syphilis(95%CI:-38.75~-11.92, P = 0.009)and − 14.67% in infant with abnormal signs (95%CI:-23.96~-4.24, P = 0.019).In 2020, 11.58% of women had APOs. Women with syphilis infection during pregnancy aged (< 20 years) or (≥ 35 years), multiparous, with pregnancy complications increased (all P < 0.05).APOs risk increased in those with higher maternal RPR/TRUST titers, decreased when women had therapy, adequate therapy or early ANC, or aged in 21–34 years (all P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Despite steady progress towards the goal of EMTCT in implementing universal screening and treatment, syphilis continuously affects a large number of pregnant women. Increasing vulnerable women, small proportions of inadequately treated and delay in early ANC should be noticed.
Credit Default Risk Prediction Based On Deep Learning
Authors: Gao Xinyu , Xiong Yu , Xiong Zehao , Xiong Hailing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Logistic regression is the industry standard in credit risk modeling. However, when the model is deployed, the lack of negative samples affects the accuracy of the model, and the nonlinear characteristics of the data itself cannot be learned. In this paper, a residual neural network combined with Gan is applied to the lending club public data set to predict credit default. Among them, the number of bad users is very small, which leads to sample imbalance, and then affects the effect of the model. For this problem, we use Gan (general adverse networks) to produce bad user samples, so that the proportion of good user samples and bad user samples reaches 1:1. Finally, the residual neural network is used to predict credit default, and the accuracy is improved by about 5% compared with logistic regression.
METS-IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is associated with the urinary albumin–creatinine ratio in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional REACTION study
Authors: Su Wanlu , Wang Jie , Yu Songyan , Chen Kang , Yan Wenhua , Gao Zhengnan , Tang Xuelei , Wan Qin , Luo Zuojie , Ning Guang , Mu Yiming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) is a novel noninsulin-based metabolic index used as a substitution marker of insulin resistance. However, whether METS-IR is associated with the urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR) is not well known. Therefore, we explored the associations between METS-IR and UACR and compared the discriminative ability of METS-IR and its components for elevated UACR. MethodsThis study included 37,290 subjects. METS-IR was calculated as follows: (Ln [2 × fasting blood glucose (FBG) + fasting triglyceride level (TG 0 )] × body mass index (BMI))/[Ln (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C))]. Participants were divided into four groups on the basis of METS-IR: <25%, 25%–49%, 50%–74%, and ≥75%. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between METS-IR vs. its components (FBG, TG 0 , BMI, and HDL-C) with UACR. ResultsParticipants with the highest quartile METS-IR presented a more significant trend towards elevated UACR than towards its components (odds ratio [OR]: 1.260, 95% CI: 1.152–1.378, P < 0.001 in all subjects; OR: 1.321, 95% CI: 1.104–1.579, P = 0.002 in men; OR: 1.201, 95% CI: 1.083–1.330, P < 0.001 in women). There were significant associations between METS-IR and UACR in younger participants (<65 years for women and 55–64 years for men). Increased METS-IR was significantly associated with UACR in men with FBG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or postprandial blood glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L and systolic blood pressure ≥ 120 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg. The relationships were significant in women with diabetes and hypertension.ConclusionsIncreased METS-IR was significantly associated with elevated UACR, and its discriminative power for elevated UACR was superior to that of its components. This findings support the clinical significance of METS-IR for evaluating renal function damage.
Dietary Supplement of Anoectochilus Roxburghii Polysaccharides Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by High Fat Diet via “Gut-Brain” Axis
Authors: Fu Liya , Zhu Wanlong , Tian Dongmei , Wei Qiming , Zhong Xiaoyan , Liu Yuanzhi , Xu Changjing , Zhang Chengbin , Zhao Junyi , Li Mengya , Wu Fan , Qiu Wenqiao , Qin Dalian , Peng Meixuan , Yang Xuping , Huang Yilan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background：Anoectochilus roxburghii, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been widely used for treating numerous metabolic diseases. Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide (ARPs) is an important constituent of Anoectochilus roxburghii. This study tried to investigate whether ARPs could improve cognitive dysfunction in diet-induced obesity.Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into the normal chow diet group (CD), the high-fat diet group (HFD) and HFD supplemented with ARPs (HARPs). Morris water maze test and Y maze test were used to evaluate spatial learning and memory. Serum TNF-α and LPS concentrations were detected by ELISA. Genes involved in Neurotrophic factors, inflammation and Intestinal permeability were detected by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect TNF-α and ZO-1 proteins. BDNF in hippocampus was detected by immunofluorescence staining. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to detect intestinal microbial diversity.Results: Dietary supplement of ARPs ameliorates cognitive dysfunction induced by HFD. Compared with HFD mice, body weight, plasma glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in HARPs group were decreased significantly. Moreover, the cognitive function and memory of HFD mice were decreased, while ARPs abolished these effects. In addition, Tau protein levels were decreased and BDNF increased significantly in hippocampus from HARPs mice. Furthermore, compared with HFD group, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in hippocampus and colon from HARPs mice were decreased. Moreover, ARPs increased the tight junction protein levels and intestinal microbiota diversity significantly.Conclusions: Diet supplemented with ARPs prevented mice from HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction, indicated that ARPs has a good effect on obesity-related neuropathy. Mechanically, these effects at least in part attribute to the “gut-brain” axis regulation, and which can provide reference for the development of ARPs as functional foods in the future.
Molecular Cytogenetics and SLAF-seq-based Specific Molecular Markers for a Wheat–Aegilops geniculata 3M g Alien Addition Line with Resistance to Stripe Rust and Powdery Mildew
Authors: Wang Yongfu , Cheng Xiaofang , Yang Xiaoying , Wang Changyou , Zhang Hong , Deng Pingchuan , Liu Xinlun , Chen Chunhuan , Ji Wanquan , Wang Yajuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Aegilops geniculata Roth is closely related to common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and is a valuable genetic resource for improvement of wheat. Results: In this study, the W19513 line was derived from the BC1F10 progeny of a cross between wheat ‘Chinese Spring’ and Ae. geniculata SY159. Cytological examination showed that W19513 contained 44 chromosomes. Twenty-two bivalents were formed at the first meiotic metaphase in the pollen mother cells, and the chromosomes were evenly distributed to opposite poles at meiotic anaphase. Genomic in situ hybridization demonstrated that W19513 carried a pair of alien chromosomes from the M genome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed detection of variation in chromosomes 4A and 6B. Functional molecular marker analysis using expressed sequence tag–sequence-tagged site and PCR-based landmark unique gene primers revealed that the alien gene belonged to the third homologous group. The marker analysis confirmed that the alien chromosome pair was 3Mg. In addition, to further explore the molecular marker specificity of chromosome 3Mg, based on the specific locus amplified fragment sequencing technique, molecular markers specific for W19513 were developed with efficiencies of up to 47.66%. The W19513 line was inoculated with the physiological race E09 of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) at the seedling stage and showed moderate resistance. Field inoculation with a mixture of the races CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34 of the stripe rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticii) revealed that the line W19513 showed strong resistance.Conclusions: This study provides a foundation for use of the line W19513 in future genetic research and wheat improvement.
Evaluation of Peripapillary Retinal Thickness Measurement as an Alternative to Fluorescein Angiography for Monitoring the Inflammatory Activity in Behcet’s Retinal Vasculitis
Authors: Zarei Mohammad , Pesarakli Hossein , Yaseri Mehdi , Etesali Hamed , Ebrahimiadib Nazanin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To study the correlation of OCT parameters including central subfield macular thickness (CSMT), peripapillary retinal thickness (PRT), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (PNFLT) with fluorescein angiography (FA) in evaluation of inflammatory activity in Behcet’s retinal vasculitis.Method: In this case-series, concurrent FA and OCT were performed. A scoring system was devised for FA. PNFLT in 3.4-mm-diameter circle as well as PRT in doughnut shaped regions between the 1-mm- and 2.2-mm-diameter and between the 2.2-mm- and 3.45-mm-diameter circles was measured. The correlation of FA and OCT parameters was analyzed.Results: A total of 105 sets of FA from 28 eyes (15 patients) were reviewed. Four (26.6%) were female and mean age was 31.6±8.49 years. Each micron increases in CSMT, PRT2.2, PRT3.45, and PNFLT, caused a rise of 0.018 (95% CI:0.008 to 0.027, P<0.001, r=0.413), 0.053 (95% CI:0.035 to 0.070, P<0.001, r=0.443), 0.086 (95% CI:0.065 to 0.108, P<0.001, r= 0.707), and 0.185 (95% CI:0.152 to 0.218, P<0.001, r= 0.850) unit in in FA score, respectively.Conclusion: Parameters having significant correlation with angiographic inflammatory activity, were CSMT, PRT2.2, PRT3.45 and RNFLT. Those with the strongest correlation, PRT3.45 and PNFLT may be considered as quantitative non-invasive alternatives to FA for monitoring Behcet’s retinal vasculitis.