bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat selection by a predator of rodent pests is resilient to wildfire in a vineyard agroecosystem
Authors: Huysman Allison E. , Johnson Matthew D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConservation of uncultivated habitats can increase the potential for ecosystem services in agroecosystems, but these lands are also susceptible to wildfires in the arid western United States. In Napa Valley, California, abundant rodent pests and an interest in integrated pest management have led wine producers to use nest boxes to attract Barn Owls (Tyto furcata) to winegrape vineyards. The viability of this practice as a method to control rodent pests depends heavily on the amount of hunting effort that Barn Owls expend in vineyards, which is known to be influenced by the amount of uncultivated land cover types surrounding the nest box. Wildfires burned nearly 60,000 ha of mainly urban and uncultivated lands surrounding Napa Valley in 2017, altering Barn Owl habitats. We compared GPS tracking data from 32 Barn Owls nesting in 24 individual nest boxes before and after the fires to analyze their hunting habitat selection. Owls with burned areas available to them after the fires had home ranges that shifted toward the fires, but selection was not strongly associated with burned areas. Though there was some spatial use of burned areas, selection of land cover types was similar for birds before and after the fires and in burned and unburned areas. The strongest selection was for areas closest to the nest box, and most recorded locations were in grassland, though selection indicated that owls used land cover types in proportion to their availability. Overall, habitat selection was resilient to changes caused by wildfires. These results are important for farmers who use nest boxes as a means of rodent control, which may be affected after dramatic disturbance events, especially as wildfires increase in the western United States.
Prognostic significance of insulin resistance in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Zare Elahe , Kafshbani Parvaneh , Chenaghlou Maryam , Noori Mehdi , Ghaemmaghami Zahra , Amin Ahmad , Taghavi Sepideh , Naderi Nasim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThe relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and glucose intolerance with pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been suggested in recent investigations. In the present study, we aimed to show the prevalence of IR and its correlation with haemodynamic variables as well as its prognostic significance in this group of patients.Methods and resultsAmong 100 new and returning patients with PH, scheduled for right heart catheterization (RHC), 59 non‐diabetic patients were enrolled. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was used to assess IR. The study population were followed up for a median (interquartile range) of 48 (23–48) months for all‐cause mortalities. Most of the study population [mean (standard deviation) age of 45.9 (17.3)] were classified as class I of PH classification (47.5%). Overall, 27% of our study population had IR considering the Iranian cut points of HOMA‐IR. The prevalence of IR in non‐diabetic, non‐metabolic syndrome patients with precapillary PH (PAH) was 34.2%, which was higher than the prevalence of IR in non‐diabetic, non‐metabolic syndrome Iranian population (24.1%). There was no difference between IR and insulin sensitive (IS) groups regarding demographic and clinical findings, 6 min walk test, and laboratory and haemodynamic data in univariable and multivariable analyses. The mortality rate in the follow‐up period was 44.1%. The survival of patient with IR was slightly lower than IS patients; however, IR was not an independent predictor of death.ConclusionsThe glucose metabolism is dysregulated in patients with PH, and IR may increase the risk of adverse events among these patients.
N‐tert‐Alkyl‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with a 1,1’‐Ferrocenediyl Backbone
Authors: Correia Bicho Bruno A. , Guthardt Robin , Bruhn Clemens , Großhennig David , Orth Till , Pfeiffer Florian , Siemeling Ulrich 
Published: December 2021

Abstract1,1’‐Diaminoferrocene (1) was converted to α‐aminonitriles fc[NHC(CN)MeR’]2 (fc=1,1’‐ferrocenediyl; 2 a: R’=Me, 2 b: R’=Ph, 2 c: R’=tBu) by reaction with ketones MeC(O)R’ in the presence of NaCN/HOAc or to the diimine fc(N=CPh2)2 (3) by condensation with Ph2CO. Treatment of 2 a–c or 3 with MeLi furnished fc(NHR)2 (4 a: R=tBu, 4 b: R=CMe2Ph, 4 c: R=CMe2tBu, 4 d: R=CMePh2) after aqueous work‐up. The formylative cyclisation of 4 a–d to fc[(NR)2CH][BF4] (5H[BF4]) was possible only for R=CMe3 (a) and CMe2Ph (b). The reaction of these formamidinium compounds with NaN(SiMe3)2 afforded the N‐heterocyclic carbenes fc{[N(CMe3)]2C:} (5 a) and fc{[N(CMe2Ph)]2C:} (5 b). 5 a was converted to the thiourea derivative 5 aS with elemental sulfur. 5 a and 5 b slowly decompose in solution by alkene elimination, affording the respective formamidine fc(NRCH=N) (6 a: R=CMe3, 6 b: R=CMe2Ph). 6 a was transformed to fc{[N(CMe3)][N(CPh3)]CH}[BF4] (5eH[BF4]) with Ph3C[BF4].
Refining the prediction of multisite pain in 13‐year‐old boys and girls by using parent‐reported pain experiences in the first decade of life
Authors: Lucas Raquel , Brandão Maria , Gorito Vanessa , Talih Makram 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated different pain profiles as prospective predictors of multisite pain in 13‐year‐old adolescents (1300 girls and 1457 boys) enrolled in Generation XXI, a birth cohort study in Portugal.MethodsPain history was queried using the Luebeck Pain Questionnaire through parent proxy‐ (ages 7 and 10) and adolescent (age 13) self‐reports. We estimated the risk of multisite pain (2 or more pain sites) at age 13, according to previous pain experiences, including accumulation and timing. We defined five profiles that combined adverse features at ages 7 and 10 (recurrence, multisite, frequency, duration, intensity, triggers, activity restrictions, passive coping, and family history) and estimated their relative risks (RR) and likelihood ratios (LR) for adolescent multisite pain.ResultsAt age 13, 39.2% of girls and 27.2% of boys reported multisite pain in the previous three months. The risk was higher among girls with multisite and recurrent pain at ages 7 and 10 than in girls without those adverse features, especially if psychosocial triggers were also present (RR 1.87; 95% confidence interval 1.36, 2.36 and LR 3.49; 1.53, 7.96). Boys with recurrent pain of higher frequency and causing activity restrictions at ages 7 and 10 had a higher risk of multisite pain at 13 (RR 2.05; 1.03, 3.05 and LR 3.06; 1.12, 8.39). Earlier adverse experiences were more predictive of future pain in girls than in boys.ConclusionsDifferent profiles were useful to rule in future multisite pain in boys and girls. This provides clues for early stratification of chronic pain risk.SignificanceWe identified sex‐specific pain features that can be collected by practitioners in the first decade of life to improve the stratification of children in terms of their future risk of a maladaptive pain experience in adolescence. Using a prospective population‐based cohort design, we show that early multisite pain and psychosocial triggers are relevant predictors of future multisite pain in girls, whereas repeated reports of high‐frequency pain leading to activity restrictions are predictive of adolescent multisite pain in boys.
Experimental and numerical study of shallow‐buried high‐density polyethylene pipeline under collapse touchdown impact
Authors: An Zhaotun , Tang Qiao , Li Hu , Zhang Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe debris from structures produced during the blasting demolition of engineered buildings (structures) may fall near buried pipelines, which threaten the integrity of the buried gas pipeline. In this paper, the dynamic response of nearby shallow‐buried high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) gas pipelines under collapse impact loads was investigated. The stress‐strain curve and material parameters of the HDPE pipe were obtained through uniaxial tensile tests. The strain distribution of buried pipelines under collapse loading was obtained. Subsequently, a 3D nonlinear finite element (FE) model of a buried HDPE pipeline impacted by a collapsed body was established. Finally, the effects of the impact velocity, touchdown angle, touchdown mode, offset distance, and pavement structure on the mechanical behavior of buried HDPE pipelines were analyzed in detail. The results show that, as the touchdown velocity and angle of the collapsed body increase, the von Mises stress of the pipeline is significantly affected. The pipe section close to the center of the impact zone tends to be damaged due to the von Mises stress reaching the maximum tensile strength. The maximum von Mises stress of the pipeline that is impacted by the edge of the collapsed body is the smallest, but the buried pipeline undergoes the largest displacement. The rigidity of the overlying pavement structure has a significant impact on the reliability of the buried HDPE gas pipeline. The stress concentration areas of buried pipelines mainly appear on the top, bottom, and the arches of the pipeline.
Rate maximization in full‐duplex systems: Gains and complexity of employing adaptive power allocation in downlink and/or uplink
Authors: Braga Iran M. , Lima F. Rafael M. , Maciel Tarcisio F. , Antonioli Roberto P. , Cavalcanti F. Rodrigo P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe next generations of mobile communications should deal with a set of new use cases, leading to a higher demand for spectral efficiency. Full‐duplex (FD) arises as a promising technology since it has the potential to double the system capacity without additional spectrum. However, FD networks are hindered by self‐interference (SI) and co‐channel interference caused by the reuse of frequency resources. Therefore, radio resource allocation (RRA) in FD networks by means of user pairing, frequency assignment, and power allocation are of utmost importance in order to improve spectral/energy efficiency and ensure quality of service (QoS). Although previous works investigated RRA to improve spectral efficiency, the fundamental question of where adaptive power allocation should be employed in the uplink and/or downlink of FD networks in a cost‐effective way remains unanswered. This article addresses this question in the context of total data rate maximization with QoS constraints where we propose four optimization problems using different power allocation strategies. The branch and bound method is employed to optimally solve the four formulated problems, which were used as upper bound solutions for benchmarking purposes. Moreover, we propose a low computational complexity solution able to adaptively switch the power allocation strategy depending on the scenario. Detailed system‐level simulations indicate that the best node to employ adaptive power allocation (mobile terminal or base station) depends on the cell radius and SI level. Also, our results show that, compared to existing solutions, the proposed low‐complexity is a great and intelligent strategy in terms of system performance and computational complexity considering both perfect and imperfect channel state information.
Machine learning for next‐generation intelligent transportation systems: A survey
Authors: Yuan Tingting , Da Rocha Neto Wilson , Rothenberg Christian Esteve , Obraczka Katia , Barakat Chadi , Turletti Thierry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntelligent transportation systems, or ITS for short, includes a variety of services and applications such as road traffic management, traveler information systems, public transit system management, and autonomous vehicles, to name a few. ITS are expected to be an integral part of urban planning and future smart cities, contributing to improved road and traffic safety, transportation and transit efficiency, as well as to increased energy efficiency and reduced environmental pollution. On the other hand, ITS pose a variety of challenges due to its scalability and diverse quality‐of‐service needs, as well as the massive amounts of data it will generate. In this survey, we explore the use of machine learning (ML), which has recently gained significant traction, to enable ITS. We provide a thorough survey of the current state‐of‐the‐art of how ML technology has been applied to a broad range of ITS applications and services, such as cooperative driving and road hazard warning, and identify future directions for how ITS can further use and benefit from ML technology.
Scenarios, strategic conversations, and forecasting: A commentary on Rowland and Spaniol (2021)
Authors: Fildes Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis commentary revisits an early book review by the author of Kees van der Heijden's influential book, Scenarios: The Art of Strategic Conversation, highlighting the continuing neglect of the role of forecasting in scenario construction. In addition, there still remains considerable ambiguity as to whether scenarios offer more than plausible stories. The review highlights the need to resolve these ambiguities in the scenario research literature through a better understanding of the links between forecasting and scenario construction. The benefit of success would be a greater understanding of long‐term uncertainty.
Social Equality in an Alternate World
Authors: Martschenko Daphne Oluwaseun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGenes have long been used to validate social inequality. The Genetic Lottery: Why DNA Matters for Social Equality, by Kathryn Paige Harden, attempts not only to reclaim genetic research on human behavior from its eugenic past but also to argue that genetic research can be used to understand and enhance social equality. This review essay illustrates why embracing a political agenda in which genetics matter for social equality will not in practice advance efforts to reduce social inequality. It argues that the points raised in The Genetic Lottery would be important in an alternate world in which structural inequalities have ceased to exist, but not in the world we live in today.
Living Out a Life's Meaning
Authors: Gallagher Ann 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe literature on aging has grown exponentially in recent years, accompanied by a slew of reports providing data detailing progress, challenges, and opportunities in caring for the aging. Yet such reports too often omit the lived experience of older persons and in‐depth discussion of the particular challenges and opportunities that arise within what Janelle S. Taylor calls “moral laboratories.” The Evening of Life: The Challenges of Aging and Dying Well, a volume edited by Joseph E. Davis and Paul Scherz and to which Taylor is a contributor, helps fill this gap. With expert analyses from social scientists, philosophers, and health care professionals, the book contains evocative stories that facilitate reflection on the complexity, ambiguity, and diversity of being in later years.
ICU Care in a Pandemic
Authors: Prusak Bernard , Gaurke MaryKatherine , Jeong Kyeong Yun , Scire Emily , Sulmasy Daniel P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis letter to the editor responds to commentaries in the September‐October 2021issue of the Hastings Center Report by Douglas B. White and Bernard Lo, by Govind Persad, and by Virginia A. Brown, which were themselves responding, in part, to the article “Life‐Years and Rationing in the Covid‐19 Pandemic: A Critical Analysis,” by MaryKatherine Gaurke, Bernard Prusak, Kyeong Yun Jeong, Emily Scire, and Daniel P. Sulmasy.
Does Gene Editing in the Wild Require Broad Public Deliberation?
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow strong is the argument for requiring public deliberation by very large publics—at national or even global levels—before moving forward with efforts to use gene editing on wild populations of plants or animals? Should there be a general moratorium on any such efforts until such broad public deliberation has been successfully carried out? This article works toward recommendations about the need for and general framing of broad public deliberation. It finds that broad public deliberation is highly desirable but not flatly necessary before moving forward with any local cases of gene editing in the wild. It also finds that broad public deliberation would be most helpful in generating very general guidance and is unlikely to be appropriate for specific cases. Broad public deliberation is most helpful for cases that involve higher levels of uncertainty and moral ambiguity, but separating out a distinct class of cases for deliberation is not yet possible.
Mitigating site effects in covariance for machine learning in neuroimaging data
Authors: Chen Andrew A. , Beer Joanne C. , Tustison Nicholas J. , Cook Philip A. , Shinohara Russell T. , Shou Haochang ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo acquire larger samples for answering complex questions in neuroscience, researchers have increasingly turned to multi‐site neuroimaging studies. However, these studies are hindered by differences in images acquired across multiple sites. These effects have been shown to bias comparison between sites, mask biologically meaningful associations, and even introduce spurious associations. To address this, the field has focused on harmonizing data by removing site‐related effects in the mean and variance of measurements. Contemporaneously with the increase in popularity of multi‐center imaging, the use of machine learning (ML) in neuroimaging has also become commonplace. These approaches have been shown to provide improved sensitivity, specificity, and power due to their modeling the joint relationship across measurements in the brain. In this work, we demonstrate that methods for removing site effects in mean and variance may not be sufficient for ML. This stems from the fact that such methods fail to address how correlations between measurements can vary across sites. Data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative is used to show that considerable differences in covariance exist across sites and that popular harmonization techniques do not address this issue. We then propose a novel harmonization method called Correcting Covariance Batch Effects (CovBat) that removes site effects in mean, variance, and covariance. We apply CovBat and show that within‐site correlation matrices are successfully harmonized. Furthermore, we find that ML methods are unable to distinguish scanner manufacturer after our proposed harmonization is applied, and that the CovBat‐harmonized data retain accurate prediction of disease group.
Imaging the effective networks associated with cortical function through intracranial high‐frequency stimulation
Authors: Barborica Andrei , Oane Irina , Donos Cristian , Daneasa Andrei , Mihai Felicia , Pistol Constantin , Dabu Aurelia , Roceanu Adina , Mindruta Ioana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDirect electrical stimulation (DES) is considered to be the gold standard for mapping cortical function. A careful mapping of the eloquent cortex is key to successful resective or ablative surgeries, with a minimal postoperative deficit, for treatment of drug‐resistant epilepsy. There is accumulating evidence suggesting that not only local, but also remote activations play an equally important role in evoking clinical effects. By introducing a new intracranial stimulation paradigm and signal analysis methodology allowing to disambiguate EEG responses from stimulation artifacts we highlight the spatial extent of the networks associated with clinical effects. Our study includes 26 patients that underwent stereoelectroencephalographic investigations for drug‐resistant epilepsy, having 337 depth electrodes with 4,351 contacts sampling most brain structures. The routine high‐frequency electrical stimulation protocol for eloquent cortex mapping was altered in a subtle way, by alternating the polarity of the biphasic pulses in a train, causing the splitting the spectral lines of the artifactual components, exposing the underlying tissue response. By performing a frequency‐domain analysis of the EEG responses during DES we were able to capture remote activations and highlight the effect's network. By using standard intersubject averaging and a fine granularity HCP‐MMP parcellation, we were able to create local and distant connectivity maps for 614 stimulations evoking specific clinical effects. The clinical value of such maps is not only for a better understanding of the extent of the effects' networks guiding the invasive exploration, but also for understanding the spatial patterns of seizure propagation given the timeline of the seizure semiology.
Pre‐crisis commitment human resource management and employees' attitudes in a global pandemic: The role of trust in the government
Authors: Chang Eunmi , Chin Hyun , Lee Jeong Won 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudies of human resource management (HRM) have produced plentiful results on commitment HRM, but its effects during a crisis have rarely been examined. Incorporating the commitment HRM view and the cognitive phenomenological framework, we examined whether and how commitment HRM practices implemented prior to the COVID‐19 mitigate employees' negative cognitive evaluations and attitudes during the pandemic. Moreover, a pandemic is a situation that requires strong government interventions, and we further examined whether employees' trust in the government would play a moderating role in explaining the effects of commitment HRM. With a multilevel framework, we measured commitment HRM via an analysis of big data provided online prior to the pandemic and matched the information to employees' responses collected from a survey after the outbreak of the pandemic. With data from 1010 employees and 52 companies, we found that employees in organizations with a higher utilization of commitment HRM showed less threat appraisals. Moreover, those experiencing fewer threat appraisals showed more commitment to their organizations. In addition, we found that the negative link between a company's commitment HRM and its employees' threat appraisals was pronounced when they had a lower level of trust in the government. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.