bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of LightPath Length on the Color of Flame-Fusion Synthetic Ruby
Authors: Yuan Bin , Guo Ying , Liu Ziyuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Colorimetric studies of different light path lengths from a new perspective of UV-Vis spectroscopy. The corrected ultraviolet-visible light spectrum was used to calculate the color of flame-fusion synthetic ruby, and the influence of light path length and standard light source on the color of flame-fusion synthetic ruby was studied. The results show that the L*, C*, h° under the A light source are higher than those under the D65 light source. In the ultraviolet-visible light spectrum, the strong absorption band of Cr3+ at 545nm is the main cause of the color of the ruby. As the length of the light path increases, the absorption peak area at 545nm also increases, the lightness L* decreases, and the hue angle h° increases. The chroma C* first increases as the length of the light path increases, and then begins to decrease under the influence of the continuous decrease in lightness. The color difference ΔE*ab reaches the maximum when the light path length is around 10mm, and the standard light source has the greatest influence on the color difference ΔE*ab. As the length of the light path continues to increase, the influence of the standard light source on the color difference\(\)ΔE*ab decreases.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict the Overall Survival of Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Surgery
Authors: yan haixi , cai linling , lin hui , wu chunlong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to establish an effective prognostic nomogram for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving surgery.Methods: Stage I NSCLC patients at Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province from October 2010 to June 2014 were included. Clinical, pathological and laboratory variables ascertained before surgery were selected through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and Cox regression analysis, and a nomogram model was established. The nomogram model was validated using stage I NSCLC patients from the same institution between July 2014 and December 2015. Results: Training cohort included 274 patients. From 46 potential predictors, the independent risk factors for Overall survival (OS) of patients with stage I NSCLC were age, CA125, and tumor diameter. The C index of the nomogram model was 0.759(95% confidence interval (CI)，0.666–0.852). The area under the ROC curve of the nomogram was 0.776. The patients in the low-risk subgroup had significantly better survival than those in the high-risk subgroup (logrank, p < 0.001). The AUC in the validation cohort was 0.809, and the C index was 0.707(95% CI, 0.572-0.842).Conclusion: We developed a nomogram model that includes clinical, pathological and laboratory variables to predict the OS of stage I NSCLC patients.
THz-Photonics Transceivers By All-Dielectric Phonon-Polariton Nonlinear Nanoantennas
Authors: Leon Unai Arregui , Rocco Davide , Carletti Luca , Peccianti Marco , Maci Stefano , Valle Giuseppe Della , Angelis Costantino 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The THz spectrum (spanning from 0.3 THz to 30 THz) offers the potential of a plethora of applications, ranging from the imaging through non transparent media to wireless-over-fiber communications and THz-photonics. The latter framework would greatly benefit from the development of optical-to-THz wavelength converters. Exploiting Difference Frequency Generation in a nonlinear all dielectric nanoantenna, we propose a compact solution to this problem. By means of a near-Infrared pump beam (at ω1), the information signal in the optical domain (at ω2) is converted to the THz band (at ω3 = ω2 − ω1). The approach is completely transparent with respect to the modulation format, and can be easily integrated in a metasurface platform for simultaneous frequency and spatial moulding of THz beams.
Electromotive Force Generated in All Materials under Temperature Difference
Authors: Song Dong-il 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this research, we investigate the thermoelectric effects of general materials. The results of this showed that an electromotive force was generated under a temperature difference between two points in materials. As no material has infinite electric resistance, an electromotive force is expected to be generated under a temperature difference in all materials. In conclusion, the thermoelectric effect generates an electromotive force.
This electromotive force causes an electric current to flow, thereby generating a magnetic field.
This magnetic field generates the Earth's magnetic field, triboelectricity, sunspots, and kinetic energy of celestial bodies.
This temperature differential electromotive force also generates lightning and creates an ionosphere that reflects radio waves.
The emerging role of drought as a regulator of dissolved organic carbon in the boreal landscapes
Authors: Tiwari Tejshree , Sponseller Ryan , Laudon Hjalmar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One likely consequence of global climate change is an increased frequency and intensity of droughts at high latitudes. We use a 17-year record from 13 nested boreal streams to examine the direct and lagged effects of summer drought on the quantity and quality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) inputs from catchment soils. Protracted periods of drought reduced DOC concentrations in all catchments but also led to large pulses of DOC inputs upon rewetting in autumn. Concurrent changes in DOC optical properties and chemical character suggest that seasonal drying and rewetting triggers soil processes that alter the forms of carbon supplied to streams. Contrary to common belief, the clearest drought effects were observed in larger watersheds, whereas responses were most muted in smaller catchments. Collectively, our results reveal an emerging shift in the seasonal distribution of DOC concentrations and character, with potentially far-reaching consequences for northern aquatic ecosystems.
Toward Equity-oriented Cancer Care: a Strategy for Patient-oriented Research (SPOR) Protocol to Promote Equitable Access to Lung Cancer Screening.
Authors: Sayani Ambreen , Manthorne Jackie , Nicholson Erika , Bloch Gary , Parsons Janet A , Hwang Stephen W. , Amenu Bikila , Freedman Howard , Rathbone Marlene , Jeji Tara , Wathen Nadine , Browne Annette J. , Varcoe Colleen , Lofters Aisha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Screening for lung cancer with low dose CT can facilitate the detection of early-stage lung cancers that are amenable to treatment, reducing mortality related to lung cancer. Individuals are considered eligible for lung cancer screening if they meet specific high-risk criteria, such as age and smoking history. Population groups that are at highest risk of lung cancer, and therefore the target of lung cancer screening interventions, are also the least likely to participate in lung cancer screening, thus resulting in a widening of health inequities. Deliberate effort is needed to both reduce lung cancer risk (through upstream interventions that promote smoking cessation) as well as midstream interventions that promote equitable access to lung cancer screening. Methods: This protocol paper describes an equity-informed patient-oriented research study. Our study aims to promote equitable access to lung cancer screening by partnering with patients to co-design an e-learning module for healthcare providers. The learning module will describe the social context of lung cancer risk and promote access to lung cancer screening by increasing equity at the point of care. We have applied the Generative Co-Design Framework for Healthcare Innovation and detail our study processes in three phases and six steps: Pre-design (establishing a study governance structure); co-design (identifying research priorities, gathering and interpreting data, co-developing module content); and post-design (pilot testing the module and developing an implementation plan). Discussion: Patient engagement in research can promote the design and delivery of healthcare services that are accessible and acceptable to patients. This is particularly important for lung cancer screening as those at highest risk of developing lung cancer are also those who are least likely to participate in lung cancer screening. By detailing the steps of our participatory co-design journey, we are making visible the processes of our work so that they can be linked to future outcomes and related impact, and inform a wide range of patient co-led processes.
The Feasibility of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Omission After Integrate 18F-FDG Dedicated Lymph Node PET in Early Breast Cancer: A Prospective Phase II Trial
Authors: Li Junjie , Cheng Jingyi , Liu Guangyu , Hou Yifeng , Di Genghong , Yang Benglong , Jiang Yizhou , Huang Liang , Qu Feilin , Chen Sheng , Wang Yan , Yu Keda , Shao Zhimin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is currently the standard of care in clinically node-negative (cN0) breast cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the negative predictive value (NPV) of 18F-FDG dedicated lymph node positron emission tomography (LymphPET) in cN0 patients.
Methods

This is a prospective phase II trial divided into two stages (NCT04072653). In the first stage, cN0 patients underwent axillary LymphPET, followed by SLNB. In the second stage, SLNB was omitted in patients with a negative preoperative axillary assessment after integrating LymphPET. Here, we report the results of the first stage; the primary outcome was the NPV of LymphPET to detect macrometastases of lymph nodes.
Results

189 invasive breast cancer patients underwent LymphPET, followed by surgery, with definitive pathological reports. Forty patients had lymph node macrometastasis (LN-macro), and 16 patients had only lymph node micrometastasis (LN-micro). Of the 131 patients who had a negative LymphPET, 16 patients had LN-macro, the NPV was 87.8%. After combining axillary imaging evaluation with ultrasound and LymphPET, 100 patients were found to be both LymphPET and ultrasound negative, 9 patients had LN-macro, the NPV was 91%.
Conclusions

LymphPET can be used to screen potential patients to avoid SLNB with an NPV >90%. The second stage of the SOAPET trial is ongoing to confirm the safe omission of SLNB according to preoperational axillary evaluation when integrating LymphPET.
Association of Body Mass Index with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Among Ambulatory Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study.
Authors: Lumori Boniface Amanee Elias , Nuwagira Edwin , Abeya Fardous Charles , Araye Abdirahman Ali , Masete Godfrey , Mondo Charles K. , Okello Samson , Muzoora Conrad , Muyingo Anthony 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a recognized complication of diabetes mellitus which precedes and is a risk factor for heart failure. We aimed to determine the prevalence of LVDD and its association with body mass index (BMI) in ambulatory adults with diabetes mellitus. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 195 ambulatory Ugandan adults living with diabetes mellitus for at least five years from the time of diagnosis at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). We collected demographic, clinical data and measured body mass index. Laboratory tests included glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and urine microalbumin. Echocardiography was done to determine LVDD by assessing the mitral inflow E/A ratio, E/è ratio, TR jet peak velocity, and left atrium maximum volume index. Logistic regression was used to establish associations of body mass index and other covariates with LVDD. Results: Overall, 195 participants were enrolled and 141(72.3%) were females. The mean age was 62 [standard deviation (SD), 11.5] years and median duration of diabetes diagnosis was 10 [Interquartile range (IQR), 7,15] years. LVDD was prevalent at 86% and majority, 127(65.13%) had grade-1 diastolic dysfunction. BMI ≥25kg/m2 [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR)=2.8, (95% confidence interval (CI)=1-7.6), p=0.038], age 50 year or more [aOR= 4.9, (95%CI=1.5-16.2), p=0.010], and history of hypertension [aOR= 3.0, (95% CI= 1.1-8.1), p=0.031] were associated with LVDD.Conclusion: The prevalence of LVDD was high during the study period. We recommend early and periodic echocardiographic screening for diabetes patients with high body mass index.
A New Glutamine Synthetase Index to Evaluate Hepatic Lobular Restoration in Advanced Fibrosis During Anti-HBV Therapy
Authors: Chen Shuyan , Wang Bingqiong , Zhou Jialing , Wu Xiaoning , Meng Tongtong , Liu Hui , Wang Tailing , Zhao Xinyan , Wu Shanshan , Kong Yuanyuan , Ou Xiaojuan , Jia Jidong , Wee Aileen , You Hong , Sun Yameng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Hepatic lobular architecture distortion is a deleterious turning point and crucial histological feature of advanced liver fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. Regression of fibrosis has been documented in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. However, the restoration of lobular architecture after antiviral therapy is still unclear. Here, we propose a new glutamine synthetase (GS) index (GS-index) to evaluate the extent of architectural disruption and restoration.
Methods

We evaluated 43 pre-and post-treatment liver biopsies of CHB patients with advanced fibrosis (Ishak stage≥4). Glutamine synthetase (GS) is normally expressed by perivenular hepatocytes around hepatic veins (HV). When GS expression is observed in the vicinity of portal tracts (PT), it denotes parenchymal extinction and lobular collapse. We propose the new glutamine synthetase index (GS-index), defined as the percentage of GSHV/(GSHV+ GSPT), to evaluate the extent of architectural disruption and restoration.
Results

The median GS-index improved from 7% at baseline to 36% at week 78 (P<0.001). When GS-index78w≥50% used to define hepatic lobular restoration, 37% patients (16/43) achieved lobular restoration, with improvement in ALT and AST levels. More importantly, GS-index correlated with fibrosis regression, one stage fibrosis improvement in restored group and no change in non-restored patients (P=0.030).
Conclusion

In the era of antiviral therapy for CHB, restoration of hepatic lobular architecture is achievable. GS-index gives a new evaluation tool to quantitively assess hepatic lobular status and therapeutic benefits in CHB patients.
A Comparative Study on Efficacies of Posterior Microscopic Mini-open and Open Technique for Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures Accompanied With Severe Traumatic Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhou Yanna , Zou Hua , Lu Zimo , Wang Xin , Ao Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To compare the efficacies of minimal invasive decompression by posterior microscopic mini-open technique combined with percutaneous pedicle fixation (hereafter MOT) and traditional open surgeries in patients with severe traumatic spinal canal stenosis resulting from AO Type A3 or A4 thoracolumbar burst fractures and provide references for clinical treatment.
Methods

The clinical materials of 133 patients with severe traumatic spinal canal stenosis caused by AO Type A3 or A4 thoracolumbar burst fractures who underwent MOT (group A) or traditional open surgery (group B) were retrospectively enrolled. The patient demographic and radiological data were analyzed between the two groups.
Results

A total of 64 patients were finally recruited in this study. There were no significant differences in gender, age, follow-up time, injury mechanism, injured level, Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score, Visual analogue scale (VAS) score and hospital stay between the two groups (P>0.05). After procedures, the prevertebral height ratio (PHR), the Cobb angle, and the mid-sagittal canal diameter compression ratio (MSDCR) in two groups were significantly improved (P<0.05). Meanwhile, group A with little intraoperative bleeding volume, and the VAS score improved better at post-operation and last follow up, but the operative time was longer (P<0.05). The PHR, the Cobb angle in the two groups at the post-operation and last follow up without significantly different (P>0.05), the MSDCR was improved at last follow up when compared with the value at post-operation (P<0.05). However, the Cobb angle in group A was well maintained than in group B at last follow up (P<0.05) and the MSDCR in group B at last follow up improved better than in group A (P<0.05).
Conclusions

Both the MOT and traditional open surgery can treat AO type A3 and A4 thoracolumbar burst fractures accompanied with severe traumatic spinal stenosis effectively. The MOT has advantages including minimal invasion, extremely fine spinal canal decompression, lower intraoperative bleeding volume and obvious pain relief. We suggest that MOT should be preferentially selected for AO type A3 or A4 thoracolumbar burst fractures accompanied with severe traumatic spinal stenosis.
T-DNA integration in plants requires MRE11- or TDP2-mediated removal of the 5’ bound Agrobacterium protein VirD2
Authors: Kralemann Lejon , de Pater Sylvia , Shen Hexi , Kloet Susan , Schendel Robin van , Hooykaas Paul , Tijsterman Marcel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a pathogenic bacterium capable of transforming plants through horizontal gene transfer, is nowadays the preferred vector for plant genetic engineering. The vehicle for transfer is the T-strand, a single-stranded DNA molecule bound by the bacterial protein VirD2, which guides T-DNA into the plants nucleus where it integrates. How VirD2 is removed from T-DNA, and which mechanism acts to attach the liberated end to the plant genome is currently unknown. Here, using newly developed technology that yields hundreds of T-DNA integrations in somatic tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana, we uncover two redundant mechanisms for the genomic capture of the T-DNA’s 5’ end. Different from capture of the 3’ end of the T-DNA, which is the exclusive action of polymerase theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ), 5’ attachment is accomplished either by TMEJ or by canonical non-homologous end joining (cNHEJ). We further find that TMEJ needs MRE11, whereas cNHEJ requires TDP2 to remove the 5’-end blocking protein VirD2. As a consequence, T-DNA integration is severely impaired in plants deficient for both MRE11 and TDP2 (or other cNHEJ factors). In support of MRE11 and cNHEJ specifically acting on the 5’ end, we demonstrate rescue of the integration defect of double-deficient plants by using T-DNAs that are capable of forming telomeres upon 3’ capture. Our study provides a mechanistic model for how Agrobacterium exploits the plant’s own DNA repair machineries to transform them.
Relationshp Between Sleep Quality, Mood State, and Performance of Elite Air-Rifle Shooters
Authors: Lu Jiaojiao , An Yan , Qiu Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

To evaluate the impact of pre-competition sleep quality on the mood and performance of elite air-rifle shooters.
Methods

This study included 23 elite air-rifle shooters who participated in an air-rifle shooting-competition from April 2019 to October 2019. Sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and wake-up time after sleep onset were monitored using actigraphy. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Profile of Mood State were used to assess sleep quality. Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 was used to evaluate mood state.
Results

The average time to fall asleep, sleep time, sleep efficiency, and subjective sleep quality were 20.6 ± 14.9 min, 7.0 ± 0.8 h, 85.9 ± 5.3%, and 5.2 ± 2.2, respectively. Sleep quality decreased as the competition progressed. Pre-competition sleep time in female athletes was significantly higher than that on the competition day (P = 0.05). Pre-competition sleep latency was significantly longer in women than in men (P = 0.021). During training and pre-competition, the tension, fatigue, depression, and emotional disturbance were significantly lower in athletes with good sleep quality than in athletes with poor sleep quality. Athletes with good sleep quality had significantly more energy. The PSQI total score was positively correlated with positive emotion, TMD, cognitive anxiety, and somatic anxiety POMS scores, and negatively correlated with energy and self-confidence scores. Race scores and depression and somatic anxiety scores were negatively correlated.
Conclusion

Poor sleep quality negatively impacted the mood of athletes; however, sleep indices and competition performance of athletes during competitions were not significantly correlated.
Cyclin D1 and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Cahyanur Rahmat , Utari Amanda Pitarini , Rahadiani Nur 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Gastric cancer is found at a rate of 2.4 to 3.5 percent in Indonesia, with the majority of cases discovered at an advanced stage. Cyclin D1 is a protein that promotes cancer cell growth. It has been shown to be expressed in a variety of cancers, including stomach cancer. A recent study of cyclin D1 in gastric cancer has been associated with lymph node involvement, metastasis, poor prognosis, and lack of response to platinum chemotherapy. This study aims to determine the relationship between cyclin D1 expression and clinicopathological features in gastric cancer. This cross-sectional study used medical records and paraffin blocks of gastric cancer patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, in 2015–2020. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, radiological findings, histopathological features, and cyclin D1 expression were collected and examined. Data was collected from 39 subjects. Most of the subjects experienced eating disorders (69.23%), weight loss (76.92%), melena (53.85%), and anemia (51.28%). Tumor locations were mostly found in the cardia and corpus of the gaster. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was found in 30.77% of cases. Cyclin D1 expression was greater in subjects with liver metastases (50% vs. 14.8%, p 0.04). Cyclin D1 expression was not associated with tumor location, TNM stage, and histopathological findings.
Fluorescence Characteristics of Highly-Pure Nanoparticles Embedded in Dye Complexes for Random Laser Design
Authors: Mahmood Atheer A. , Hammadi Oday A. , Ibraheem Kais R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, highly-pure titanium dioxide nanoparticles produced by dc magnetron sputtering technique were embedded in organometallic complex solutions such as Baq2 or Znq2 to form random gain media. The structural characteristics of the TiO2 nanoparticles were determined to confirm their high structural purity. The spectroscopic characteristics, mainly photoluminescence and fluorescence, of the complex solutions containing the nanoparticles were determined and studied. These media were compared to two of the most common laser dyes (Rhodamine b and Rhodamine 6G) to determine the feasibility to use them to produce random laser.