bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between occlusal contact area at various levels of interocclusal thicknesses and masticatory performance
Authors: Lee Hye‐Seon , Ko Kyung‐Ho , Huh Yoon‐Hyuk , Cho Lee‐Ra , Park Chan‐Jin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the correlation between occlusal contact area and masticatory performance using BiteEye®, a photo occlusal analysis device and the multiple sieve method.ObjectivesTo calculate the occlusal contact area at various levels of interocclusal thicknesses and to measure masticatory performance with peanuts as the test material.MethodsFifty‐two adults (30 men and 22 women) were enrolled according to specific exclusion/inclusion criteria. The occlusal contact area was measured by obtaining the interocclusal record of the maximum intercuspal position (MIP) using silicone impression material. Occlusal contact area measurements were performed in the ranges of 0–149, 0–89, 0–59, 0–29 and 0–9 μm. Masticatory performance was measured by obtaining the median particle size (X 50) after converting the weight of comminuted peanuts into size using the multiple sieve method. Statistical analysis was performed at 95% significance level.ResultsInterocclusal thickness comparison revealed the highest correlation with X 50 in the 0–149 μm range. Stronger correlations between the occlusal contact area and X 50 were observed in cases of 20 strokes of mastication (r = −.451) than in cases of 10 strokes (r = −.383), in the posterior occlusal contact area (r = −.456) than in the full arch occlusal contact area (r = −.451) and the molar area (r = −.478) than in the premolar area (r = −.296).ConclusionsThe larger the occlusal contact area, the higher the masticatory performance; this correlation was statistically significant. Regarding interocclusal thickness, the highest correlation between the occlusal contact area and masticatory performance was observed in the 0–149 μm range.Clinical Trial Registration Number: GWNUDH IRB 2020‐A001.
Hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment cessation in non‐cirrhotic HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B: A multicentre cohort study
Authors: Papatheodoridi Margarita , Su Tung‐Hung , Hadziyannis Emilia , Liao Chun‐Hsun , Orfanidou Αfroditi , Yang Hung‐Chi , Zachou Kalliopi , Liu Chun‐Jen , Kourikou Anastasia , Gatselis Nikolaos , Manolakopoulos Spilios , Dalekos George , Kao Jia‐Horng , Hadziyannis Stephanos , Papatheodoridis George V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsScarce data exist on the effect of nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) discontinuation on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B (CHBe−). Therefore, we assessed whether HCC risk is increased in non‐cirrhotic CHBe− patients who discontinue compared to those remaining on NAs.MethodsThis cohort study included 650 consecutive non‐cirrhotic Caucasian or Asian patients with CHBe− without a history of HCC who discontinued NAs after a median of 5 or 3 years (cases, n = 325; Caucasians: 143, Asians: 182) or remained on NA therapy beyond 5 or 3 years respectively (controls, n = 325; Caucasians: 223, Asians: 102). Propensity score (PS) 1:1 matching was applied to adjust for patients' origin, age and sex.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 44 months, HCC developed in 7/325 cases and 9/325 controls or 7/245 PS‐matched cases and 7/245 PS‐matched controls with 5‐year cumulative HCC incidence of 5.1% and 4.9% respectively (log‐rank, P = .836). No difference in 5‐year HCC risk was observed between cases and controls of Caucasian (3.0% vs 4.8%; log‐rank, P = .510) or Asian origin (1.3% vs 2.2%; log‐rank, P = .873). In both cases and controls, HCC incidence was independently associated with age and PAGE‐B score. In cases alone, HCC development after NA discontinuation was associated only with pretreatment platelet counts and PAGE‐B score, but not with any type of relapse or HBsAg loss.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that discontinuation of effective long‐term NA therapy in non‐cirrhotic CHBe− patients are not associated with increased HCC risk, which is not affected by post‐NA relapses and/or HBsAg loss.
Systematic evolution of initiation factor 3 and the ribosomal protein uS12 optimizes Escherichia coli growth with an unconventional initiator tRNA
Authors: Datta Madhurima , Singh Jitendra , Modak Mamata Jayant , Pillai Maalavika , Varshney Umesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe anticodon stem of initiator tRNA (i‐tRNA) possesses the characteristic three consecutive GC base pairs (G29:C41, G30:C40, and G31:C39 abbreviated as GC/GC/GC or 3GC pairs) crucial to commencing translation. To understand the importance of this highly conserved element, we isolated two fast‐growing suppressors of Escherichia coli sustained solely on an unconventional i‐tRNA (i‐tRNAcg/GC/cg) having cg/GC/cg sequence instead of the conventional GC/GC/GC. Both suppressors have the common mutation of V93A in initiation factor 3 (IF3), and additional mutations of either V32L (Sup‐1) or H76L (Sup‐2) in small subunit ribosomal protein 12 (uS12). The V93A mutation in IF3 was necessary for relaxed fidelity of i‐tRNA selection to sustain on i‐tRNAcg/GC/cg though with a retarded growth. Subsequent mutations in uS12 salvaged the retarded growth by enhancing the fidelity of translation. The H76L mutation in uS12 showed better fidelity of i‐tRNA selection. However, the V32L mutation compensated for the deficient fidelity of i‐tRNA selection by ensuring an efficient fidelity check by ribosome recycling factor (RRF). We reveal unique genetic networks between uS12, IF3 and i‐tRNA in initiation and between uS12, elongation factor‐G (EF‐G), RRF, and Pth (peptidyl‐tRNA hydrolase) which, taken together, govern the fidelity of translation in bacteria.
Atypical keratosis pilaris‐like lesions in a patient with Bethlem myopathy
Authors: Lee Stephanie S. , Hinds Brian , Sprague Jessica , Barrio Victoria Regina , Mancuso Jennifer Brescoll 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBethlem myopathy is a collagen VI‐related myopathy. Collagen VI is primarily not only associated with the extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle, but is also found in the skin, blood vessels, and other organs. Dermatologic findings described for Bethlem myopathy include follicular hyperkeratosis and abnormal scar formation, although clinical and histopathologic photographs remain elusive in the literature. We present a case of atypical keratosis pilaris‐like follicular lesions in a patient with Bethlem myopathy and provide histopathologic correlation to better characterize the development of skin lesions in this rare neuromuscular disease.
Usability of intraoperative cine‐portogram during liver transplantation in young pediatric patients with biliary atresia
Authors: Namgoong Jung‐Man , Hwang Shin , Ko Gi‐Young , Kwon Hyunhee , Ha Suhyeon , Oh Seak Hee , Kim Kyung Mo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric patients with biliary atresia (BA) often present liver cirrhosis‐associated portal hypertension and portal vein (PV) hypoplasia. For successful liver transplantation (LT), it is essential to maintain sufficient PV inflow through stenosis‐free PV reconstruction with effective ligation of collateral veins. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical usability of intraoperative cine‐portogram (IOCP) in young pediatric patients who underwent LT for BA.MethodsMedical records of pediatric patients younger than 10 years who underwent primary LT for BA from 2018 to 2020 were reviewed.ResultsA total of 31 patients had undergone Kasai portoenterostomy soon after birth. Their median ages at Kasai portoenterostomy and LT were 1 and 11 months, respectively. Types of LT were living‐donor LT in 13, deceased‐donor split LT in 15, and deceased‐donor whole LT in three patients. PV interposition using an iliac vein homograft was performed in 28 patients receiving partial liver grafts. Side‐to‐side PV unification venoplasty was performed in three patients undergoing whole LT. All patients underwent ligation of collateral veins. IOCP was performed in 6 (19.4%) patients. Four showed no or faint residual venous collaterals. Collateral vein embolization and endovascular stenting were performed in one patient each. PV insufficiency‐free survival rate was 100% at 1 year and 93.8% at 3 years. All patients are currently alive with a median follow‐up period of 23 months.ConclusionsIntraoperative cine‐portogram can be a useful method for identification and embolization of residual portosystemic collateral veins in young pediatric patients who undergo LT for biliary atresia.
Beyond the label: Exploring the role of ethnicity in the Kosovo conflict
Authors: Medeiros Mike 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Kosovo War (1998–1999) that played out between ethnic Albanians and Serbs in the former Yugoslavia is often portrayed as an ethnic conflict because it involved different ethnic groups in confrontation with each other. This characteristic presupposes that ethnicity played an important role in the Kosovo conflict, but is that actually the case? To explore this question, the experience of Albanians in Kosovo is compared with that of Hungarians in Vojvodina. The latter formed the second largest minority in Serbia, behind Albanians, and their institutional and legal position greatly paralleled that of Kosovar Albanians. Despite this, Hungarians experienced far less conflict with the Serbian majority than did their Albanian counterparts.
Question wording and attitudinal ambivalence: COVID, the economy, and Americans' response to a real‐life trolley problem
Authors: Craig Stephen C. , McCarthy Angela Farizo , Gainous Jason 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveAs the coronavirus pandemic raged throughout 2020, political leaders faced a difficult choice: Should strict social distancing guidelines be maintained until the threat posed by COVID‐19 was diminished enough for citizens to return to their regular activities? Or was the economic disruption caused by the pandemic something that was, according to President Trump, "worse than the problem itself"?MethodsWe analyze data from a 2020 survey of registered voters.ResultsDemocrats were more likely than Republicans to resolve the tradeoff in favor of maintaining social distancing over rebuilding the economy. More importantly, we find that when faced with this moral dilemma (measured by one's choice between a utilitarian vs. a deontological approach when confronted with a real‐life "trolley problem"), many citizens from both sides of the partisan aisle were of two minds on the subject.ConclusionAmericans are ambivalent about the appropriate government response to COVID‐19.
Public beliefs about the black/white socioeconomic status gap: What's “upbringing” got to do with it?*
Authors: Hunt Matthew O. , Croll Paul R. , Krysan Maria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveCiting the black family as the locus of responsibility for black disadvantage has a long history in the United States; however, only limited research has examined the place of family upbringing in studies of Americans’ beliefs about the causes of racial inequality.MethodsWe use data from the 2010, 2012, and 2014 General Social Surveys (GSS) to examine the prevalence and selected correlates of a newly offered (by the GSS) and culturally centered explanation of the black/white socioeconomic status gap focusing on “differences in upbringing.”ResultsThe “upbringing” explanation is the most popular of the five reasons offered by the GSS in all three waves of data available for examination. Three‐quarters of GSS respondents endorse this view, while less than half endorse the next most popular explanation. Upbringing is also the most popular explanation among all three race/ethnic groups we examine, though non‐Hispanic whites endorse this view most strongly.ConclusionOur results offer important insights for future survey design and investigations of public beliefs about racial inequality.
Creating careful circularities: Community composting in New York City
Authors: Morrow Oona , Davies Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile matters of food waste and soil have become vital research arenas, compost remains the Cinderella of human geographical enquiry. In response, this paper brings compost to the centre of debates at the intersection of diverse economies and circular economy. In particular, the concept of community composting and the care involved in such practices is used to offset and problematise the technoscientific bias in circular economy discourses. Extending feminist perspectives on care in soil studies, this paper focuses on the careful circularities that are realised through community composting in New York City. This case study provides not only a material space for examining community composting but also a unique opportunity to consider the colliding worlds of worth that operate in and around urban sustainability transitions to zero waste. Drawing empirical insights from interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, this paper argues for a sensitisation of circular economy policy and research to matters of care and diverse economies as a means to better understand motivations, justifications, and outcomes of efforts to reorient food systems onto more sustainable pathways. We argue that privileging care in this way helps to shift focus away from dominant narratives of "scaling‐up" towards sustainability to a more relational perspective that sees transformation in connecting, deepening, and even scaling‐down. This means attending to the micro as well as macro transformations needed to enact the required sustainability transitions.
Comparación de la eficacia, la seguridad y la farmacocinética de los antivenenos antiofídicos: revisión de literatura
Authors: Sarmiento Karen , Rodríguez Ariadna , Quevedo-Buitrago William , Torres Ivonne , Ríos Carolina , Ruíz Laura , Salazar Julian , Hidalgo-Martínez Patricia , Diez Hugo 
Published: December 2021

En Colombia se presentan anualmente alrededor de 5000 casos de mordedura de serpiente y su tratamiento se basa en la neutralización con inmunoglobulinas completas purificadas, sin embargo, globalmente se utilizan antivenenos faboterápicos. Objetivo: Dar a conocer diferencias entre las generaciones de antivenenos, la importancia del veneno en la producción de anticuerpos, comparar aspectos farmacocinéticos y los efectos adversos en pacientes. Materiales Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura en bases de datos utilizando combinaciones de los descriptores y términos Mesh, en inglés y español. Se cotejaron parámetros farmacocinéticos en estudios preclínicos y los efectos adversos en estudios clínicos. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias debidas al tamaño de la fracción de la inmunoglobulina que la compone, así entre más pequeña es ésta, se observa mayor distribución a los tejidos y una vida media más corta, comparada con las moléculas más pesadas. Se encontraron estudios con disminución de efectos adversos con antivenenos faboterápicos
Demandas de los empresarios en la contratación de los mayores de 45 años
Authors: Sánchez Martín Micaela , Izquierdo Rus Tomás 
Published: December 2021

La situación actual de crisis económica y la progresiva pérdida de puestos de trabajo ha generado un debate en torno a las demandas requeridas por los empleadores en la selección de sus trabajadores. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el papel que juegan determinados factores individuales de los desempleados en la percepción sobre la contratación por parte del empresariado. La entrevista de percepción subjetiva se ha aplicado a 174 desempleados (73.3 % hombres, 26.7 % mujeres) registrados en las oficinas del Servicio Público de Empleo de Andalucía. El análisis de los datos se ha realizado con el programa ATLAS.ti v8. Los resultados muestran los factores edad, sexo, situación sociofamiliar, experiencia laboral y duración del desempleo son relevantes en los procesos de selección de persona. Se concluye que es necesario impulsar actuaciones de asesoramiento, individual y grupal, así como la participación de los empleadores en la contratación de mayores de 45 años.
Macular and submacular choroidal microvasculature in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and high myopia
Authors: Lin Fengbin , Qiu Zhen , Li Fei , Chen Yu , Peng Yuying , Chen Meiling , Song Yunhe , Xiong Jian , Cheng Weijing , Liu Yuhong , Tan Mingkui , Zhang Xiulan , Weinreb Robert 
Published: December 2021

AimsTo characterise the influence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and high myopia (HM) on the macular and choroidal capillary density (CD).MethodsTwo hundred and seven eyes were enrolled, including 80 POAG without HM, 50 POAG with HM, 31 HM without POAG and 46 normal controls. A fovea-centred 6×6 mm optical coherence tomography angiography scan was performed to obtain the CD of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and choriocapillaris. Macular and choroidal CDs were compared among the groups and the association of CDs with visual field mean deviation (MD) was determined using linear regression models.ResultsCompared with normal eyes, SCP CD was decreased in the POAG without HM group (p<0.05), while DCP CD was significantly decreased in the HM without POAG group (p<0.05). Both SCP and DCP CDs were significantly decreased in the POAG with HM group (p<0.05). CD reduction occurred mainly in the outer rather than inner ring of the 6×6 mm scan size. In multivariate regression analysis, worse MD was associated with lower CD in the outer ring of the SCP in all the HM eyes (p<0.05).ConclusionsPOAG and HM reduced macular CD in different layers of the retinal capillary plexus and both particularly in the outer ring of the 6×6 mm scans. Furthermore, assessment of the CD in the outer ring of the SCP may facilitate the diagnosis of glaucoma in eyes with HM.
Nationwide inventory on retinopathy of prematurity screening in the Netherlands
Authors: Trzcionkowska Kasia , Termote Jacqueline U , Böhringer Stefan , van Sorge Arlette J , Schalij-Delfos Nicoline 
Published: December 2021

PurposeProvide up-to-date insight in incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), logistics of screening and treatment in the Netherlands and influence of the new national ROP guideline in which more stringent screening criteria were implemented and the early treatment for ROP criteria (ETROP) were emphasised.MethodsMulticentre prospective nationwide study including all preterm infants, born in the Netherlands in 2017, and considered eligible for ROP screening. Anonymised data from ophthalmologists and paediatricians were merged. Outcome data were compared with the first national ROP inventory (NEDROP-1, 2009).ResultsIn 2017, 1492 infants were live born with gestational age (GA) <32 weeks (2009: 1662); 1287 infants were eligible for screening (2009: 2033). Ophthalmologists screened 1085 infants, versus 1688 in 2009, corrected with factor 1.114 for the difference in number of live births, a 28.4% (479/1688) decrease in screened infants was seen. Among surviving infants with GA <32 week, ROP was found in 305/1492 babies, 20.4% (2009: 324/1662, 19.5%) of which 49/1492 stage ≥3, 3.3% (2009: 30/1662, 1.8%). In all infants, report on presence or absence of plus disease was provided, according to the ETROP criteria. Treatment was performed in 39 infants. Of infants with ROP stage ≥3, 3/49 (6.1%) progressed to retinal detachment (2009: 6/30, 20.0%).ConclusionThe overall ROP incidence expressed as a percentage, remained stable but the number of infants that developed severe ROP nearly doubled. A near one-third reduction in screened infants shows satisfactory implementation of the new screening criteria. A notable decrease in retinal detachment delineates improved treatment outcome.
Injuries in elite women’s ski jumping: a cohort study following three International Ski Federation (FIS) World Cup seasons from 2017–2018 to 2019–2020
Authors: Stenseth Oleane Marthea Rebne , Barli Sindre Fløtlien , Martin R Kyle , Engebretsen Lars 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo define incidence and injury patterns of International Ski Federation (FIS) World Cup (WC) women ski jumpers over three seasons.MethodsSki jump athletes competing in the Women’s FIS WC were recruited for prospective injury surveillance from 2017–2018 to 2019–2020. Team representatives recruited the athletes annually and prospectively recorded all injuries requiring medical attention. Retrospective end-of-season interviews corroborated injury surveillance. Medical doctors collected and processed the data. The 4-month competitive season was used to calculate the annual incidence of injuries per 100 athletes per season. Injury type, location, severity and aetiology were reported.ResultsAthletes from 19 nations were enrolled equalling 205 athlete-seasons. Mean age was 21.2 years (SD=3.8). Thirty-nine injury events resulted in 54 total injuries (26.3 injuries/100 athletes/season). Injuries were mostly acute (83%) and occurred on the ski jump hill (78%). The most common injury location was the knee (n=18, 33%). Crash landings were the most common cause of injury events (70%). Nearly half of the acute ski jump injury events occurred in snowy, windy or cloudy conditions (44%) and/or during telemark landings (46%), and most jumps (96%) were shorter than hill size. One third of the injuries were severe, and 78% of severe injuries involved the knee.ConclusionAcute injury events occur relatively frequently in elite women ski jumpers, most resulting in time-loss from sport and a significant proportion involving serious knee injuries. Crash landing was the leading cause of injury. This baseline information can be used to guide and evaluate future efforts at injury prevention.
Naringin prevents bone damage in the experimental metabolic syndrome induced by a fructose-rich diet
Authors: Rivoira María A. , Rigalli Alfredo , Corball Lucía , Tolosa de Talamoni Nori , Rodríguez Valeria 
Published: December 2021

We analyzed the effect of naringin (NAR), a flavonoid from citric fruits, on bone quality and biomechanical properties, as well as the redox state of bone marrow in rats fed a fructose-rich diet (FRD), an experimental model to mimic human metabolic syndrome. NAR blocked the increase in the number of osteoclasts and adipocytes and the decrease in the number of osteocytes and osteocalcin (+) cells caused by FRD. Trabecular number was significantly higher in the FRD+NAR group. FRD induced a decrease in the femoral trabecular and cortical bone mineral density, which was blocked by NAR. The fracture and ultimate loads were also decreased in the FRD and FRD+NAR groups. NAR increased the number of nodes to terminal trabecula, the number of nodes to node trabecula, the number of nodes, and the number of nodes with 2 terminals and decreased the Dist (mean size of branches) value. FRD decreased bone marrow catalase activity, an effect that was prevented by NAR. In conclusion, FRD has detrimental effects on the long bones, which are associated with oxidative stress in the bone marrow. Most of these changes are prevented by NAR through its antioxidant properties and promotion of bone formation. Novelty: Fructose-rich diets have detrimental effects on long bones, which are associated with oxidative stress in the bone marrow. Most of these changes are prevented by naringin through its antioxidant properties and promotion of bone formation.