bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus infection in hip fractures (CHIP) study
Authors: Mahmood Aatif , Rashid Fatima , Limb Richard , Cash Thomas , Nagy Mathias Thomas , Zreik Nasri , Reddy Gautam , Jaly Ibrahim , As-Sultany Mohammed , Chan Yuen Ting Carol , Wilson Graeme , Harrison W. J. 
Published: January 2021

Aims Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, incidence of hip fracture has not changed. Evidence has shown increased mortality rates associated with COVID-19 infection. However, little is known about the outcomes of COVID-19 negative patients in a pandemic environment. In addition, the impact of vitamin D levels on mortality in COVID-19 hip fracture patients has yet to be determined. Methods This multicentre observational study included 1,633 patients who sustained a hip fracture across nine hospital trusts in North West England. Data were collected for three months from March 2020 and for the same period in 2019. Patients were matched by Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS), hospital, and fracture type. We looked at the mortality outcomes of COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative patients sustaining a hip fracture. We also looked to see if vitamin D levels had an impact on mortality. Results The demographics of the 2019 and 2020 groups were similar, with a slight increase in proportion of male patients in the 2020 group. The 30-day mortality was 35.6% in COVID-19 positive patients and 7.8% in the COVID-19 negative patients. There was a potential association of decreasing vitamin D levels and increasing mortality rates for COVID-19 positive patients although our findings did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion In 2020 there was a significant increase in 30-day mortality rates of patients who were COVID-19 positive but not of patients who were COVID-19 negative. Low levels of vitamin D may be associated with high mortality rates in COVID-19 positive patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(4):782–787.
Nickel-vanadium layered double hydroxide nanosheets as the saturable
absorber for a passively Q-switched 2  µm solid-state laser
Authors: Xu Jianyi , Cai Enlin , Zhang Shuaiyi , Fan Xiaoyan , Wang Mingjian , Lou Fei , Wang Maorong , Wang Xia , Xu Lin 
Published: January 2021

Nickel-vanadium (NiV)-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was fabricated
into a novel saturable absorber (SA) by the liquid phase exfoliation
method and utilized as the laser modulator for the first time, to our
best knowledge. We investigated a passive

Q

-switched Tm:YAG ceramic laser at 2 µm
with the NiV-LDH SA. Under an absorbed pump power of 7.2 W, the
shortest pulse width of 398 ns was obtained with an average output
power of 263 mW and a pulse repetition frequency of 101.8 kHz,
corresponding to a single pulse energy at 2.30 µJ. The results
indicate that the NiV-LDH SA has great research potential in the field
of laser modulation.
Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on U-shaped photonic quasi-crystal fiber
Authors: Liu Qiang , Jiang Yu , Sun Yudan , Hu Chunjie , Sun Jiudi , Liu Chao , Lv Jingwei , Zhao Jin , Yi Zao , Chu Paul K. 
Published: January 2021

A high-sensitivity surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is designed and analyzed numerically. The sensor is constructed on the eightfold U-shaped photonic quasi-crystal fiber (PQF) and coated with indium tin oxide (ITO). The coupling between the core mode and surface plasmon polariton mode is enhanced due to shortening of the distance between the core and the ITO layer, so that the PQF-SPR sensor exhibits high refractive index (RI) sensitivity in the near-infrared region. The maximum wavelength sensitivity and the corresponding resolution of this sensor are 42,000 nm/RIU and

2.38

×

10

−
6

R
I
U

, respectively. The average wavelength sensitivity is 12,750 nm/RIU in the refractive index range of 1.306–1.386. This advanced sensor is suitable for the determination of RIs in the near-infrared region.
Personalized logical models to investigate cancer response to BRAF treatments in melanomas and colorectal cancers
Authors: Béal Jonas , Pantolini Lorenzo , Noël Vincent , Barillot Emmanuel , Calzone Laurence 
Published: January 2021

The study of response to cancer treatments has benefited greatly from the contribution of different omics data but their interpretation is sometimes difficult. Some mathematical models based on prior biological knowledge of signaling pathways facilitate this interpretation but often require fitting of their parameters using perturbation data. We propose a more qualitative mechanistic approach, based on logical formalism and on the sole mapping and interpretation of omics data, and able to recover differences in sensitivity to gene inhibition without model training. This approach is showcased by the study of BRAF inhibition in patients with melanomas and colorectal cancers who experience significant differences in sensitivity despite similar omics profiles.
We first gather information from literature and build a logical model summarizing the regulatory network of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway surrounding BRAF, with factors involved in the BRAF inhibition resistance mechanisms. The relevance of this model is verified by automatically assessing that it qualitatively reproduces response or resistance behaviors identified in the literature. Data from over 100 melanoma and colorectal cancer cell lines are then used to validate the model’s ability to explain differences in sensitivity. This generic model is transformed into personalized cell line-specific logical models by integrating the omics information of the cell lines as constraints of the model. The use of mutations alone allows personalized models to correlate significantly with experimental sensitivities to BRAF inhibition, both from drug and CRISPR targeting, and even better with the joint use of mutations and RNA, supporting multi-omics mechanistic models. A comparison of these untrained models with learning approaches highlights similarities in interpretation and complementarity depending on the size of the datasets.
This parsimonious pipeline, which can easily be extended to other biological questions, makes it possible to explore the mechanistic causes of the response to treatment, on an individualized basis.
Evaluation of oral dextrose gel for prevention of neonatal hypoglycemia (hPOD): A multicenter, double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Harding Jane E. , Hegarty Joanne E. , Crowther Caroline A. , Edlin Richard P. , Gamble Gregory D. , Alsweiler Jane M. ,   for the hPOD Study Group
Published: January 2021

Background
Neonatal hypoglycemia is common and can cause brain injury. Buccal dextrose gel is effective for treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia, and when used for prevention may reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia in babies at risk, but its clinical utility remains uncertain.

Methods and findings
We conducted a multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial in 18 New Zealand and Australian maternity hospitals from January 2015 to May 2019. Babies at risk of neonatal hypoglycemia (maternal diabetes, late preterm, or high or low birthweight) without indications for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission were randomized to 0.5 ml/kg buccal 40% dextrose or placebo gel at 1 hour of age. Primary outcome was NICU admission, with power to detect a 4% absolute reduction. Secondary outcomes included hypoglycemia, NICU admission for hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, breastfeeding at discharge, formula feeding at 6 weeks, and maternal satisfaction. Families and clinical and study staff were unaware of treatment allocation. A total of 2,149 babies were randomized (48.7% girls). NICU admission occurred for 111/1,070 (10.4%) randomized to dextrose gel and 100/1,063 (9.4%) randomized to placebo (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.10; 95% CI 0.86, 1.42; p = 0.44). Babies randomized to dextrose gel were less likely to become hypoglycemic (blood glucose < 2.6 mmol/l) (399/1,070, 37%, versus 448/1,063, 42%; aRR 0.88; 95% CI 0.80, 0.98; p = 0.02) although NICU admission for hypoglycemia was similar between groups (65/1,070, 6.1%, versus 48/1,063, 4.5%; aRR 1.35; 95% CI 0.94, 1.94; p = 0.10). There were no differences between groups in breastfeeding at discharge from hospital (aRR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99, 1.02; p = 0.67), receipt of formula before discharge (aRR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92, 1.08; p = 0.90), and formula feeding at 6 weeks (aRR 1.01; 95% CI 0.93, 1.10; p = 0.81), and there was no hyperglycemia. Most mothers (95%) would recommend the study to friends. No adverse effects, including 2 deaths in each group, were attributable to dextrose gel. Limitations of this study included that most participants (81%) were infants of mothers with diabetes, which may limit generalizability, and a less reliable analyzer was used in 16.5% of glucose measurements.

Conclusions
In this placebo-controlled randomized trial, prophylactic dextrose gel 200 mg/kg did not reduce NICU admission in babies at risk of hypoglycemia but did reduce hypoglycemia. Long-term follow-up is needed to determine the clinical utility of this strategy.

Trial registration
ACTRN 12614001263684.
Effectiveness of miltefosine in cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in Pakistan after antimonial treatment failure or contraindications to first line therapy—A retrospective analysis
Authors: Kämink Suzette , Masih Boota , Ali Noor , Ullah Aman , Khan Syed Juma , Ashraf Shakil , Pylypenko Tetyana , Grobusch Martin P. , Fernhout Jena , den Boer Margriet , Ritmeijer Koert 
Published: January 2021

Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical skin disease, caused by Leishmania protozoa. In Pakistan, where CL caused by L. tropica is highly endemic, therapy with pentavalent antimonials is the standard of care, but has significant toxicity when used in systemic therapy, while are no evidence-based safer alternative treatment options for L. tropica. The efficacy of oral miltefosine has not been studied in CL caused by L. tropica. We evaluated effectiveness and tolerability of miltefosine in patients with previous treatment failure or with contraindications to systemic antimonial treatment.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted of a cohort of CL patients who were treated with a 28-day course of miltefosine between December 2017 and August 2019, in urban Quetta, Pakistan, an area endemic for L. tropica. Descriptive analyses were performed, and effectiveness was assessed by initial response after treatment, and final cure at routine follow up visits, six weeks to three months post-treatment. Tolerability was assessed by routinely reported adverse events.

Results
Of the 76 CL patients in the cohort, 42 (55%) had contraindications to systemic antimonial treatment, and 34 (45%) had failure or relapse after antimonial treatment. Twelve patients defaulted during treatment and 12 patients were lost to follow up. In the remaining 52 patients, final cure rate was 77% (40/52). In those with contraindications to systemic antimonial treatment the final cure rate was 83% (24/29) and in the failure and relapse group 70% (16/23). Twenty-eight patients (40.0%) reported 39 mild to moderate adverse events with the main complaints being nausea (41.0%), general malaise (25.6%), and stomach pain (12.8%).

Conclusion
Results indicate that miltefosine is an effective second line treatment in CL in areas endemic for L. tropica. Prospective studies with systematic follow up are needed to obtain definitive evidence of effectiveness and tolerability, including identification of risk factors for miltefosine treatment failure.
Perinatal determinants of growth trajectories in children born preterm
Authors: Jasper Elizabeth A. , Cho Hyunkeun , Breheny Patrick J. , Bao Wei , Dagle John M. , Ryckman Kelli K. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundA growing amount of evidence indicates in utero and early life growth has profound, long-term consequences for an individual’s health throughout the life course; however, there is limited data in preterm infants, a vulnerable population at risk for growth abnormalities.ObjectiveTo address the gap in knowledge concerning early growth and its determinants in preterm infants.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using a population of preterm (< 37 weeks gestation) infants obtained from an electronic medical record database. Weight z-scores were acquired from discharge until roughly two years corrected age. Linear mixed effects modeling, with random slopes and intercepts, was employed to estimate growth trajectories.ResultsThirteen variables, including maternal race, hypertension during pregnancy, preeclampsia, first trimester body mass index, multiple status, gestational age, birth weight, birth length, head circumference, year of birth, length of birth hospitalization stay, total parenteral nutrition, and dextrose treatment, were significantly associated with growth rates of preterm infants in univariate analyses. A small percentage (1.32% - 2.07%) of the variation in the growth of preterm infants can be explained in a joint model of these perinatal factors. In extremely preterm infants, additional variation in growth trajectories can be explained by conditions whose risk differs by degree of prematurity. Specifically, infants with periventricular leukomalacia or retinopathy of prematurity experienced decelerated rates of growth compared to infants without such conditions.ConclusionsFactors found to influence growth over time in children born at term also affect growth of preterm infants. The strength of association and the magnitude of the effect varied by gestational age, revealing that significant heterogeneity in growth and its determinants exists within the preterm population.
The Epidemiology of first and second-line drug-resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex common species: Evidence from selected TB treatment initiating centers in Ethiopia
Authors: Dagne Biniyam , Desta Kassu , Fekade Rahel , Amare Misikir , Tadesse Mengistu , Diriba Getu , Zerihun Betselot , Getu Melak , Sinshaw Waganeh , Seid Getachew , Gamtesa Dinka Fekadu , Assefa Gebeyehu , Alemu Ayinalem 
Published: January 2021

Background
Drug-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex remains a major health burden in human history and still is a major leading cause of death in developing countries including Ethiopia. Early detection of all forms of drug-resistant Tuberculosis(TB) is a key factor to reduce and contain the spread of these resistant strains.

Methods
A health facility-based cross-sectional study was employed, based on demographic, clinical, and laboratory data collected from 204 patients with bacteriological confirmed TB. Sputum samples were analyzed using conventional TB culture and identification test followed by molecular species identification, and then phenotypic drug susceptibility tests. Data were entered using an excel spreadsheet and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive analysis; frequencies, and proportions were computed.

Results
Among the 204 sputum samples inoculated in culture media, Mycobacterium species were recovered from 165 specimens, with 160 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and five Non- Tuberculosis Mycobacterium(NTM) species. All Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was found to be M. tuberculosis. Of the five NTM species, 2 M.fortuitum, 2 M.intracellulare, and 1 M.gordonae were identified. Among 160 species of M. tuberculosis isolates, 110(68.8%) were resistant to any of the anti-TB drugs. The resistance pattern was; INH (109, 68.1%), RIF (99, 61.9%), STM (73,45.6%), and EMB (32,20.0%). Mono-resistance was found for INH (7,4.3%) and STM (1,0.6%). Ninety-nine (61.9%) isolates become MDR, while resistance to any of the second-line anti-TB drugs was detected in 9 (5.6%) strains, with 8(5%) Pre-XDR and one (0.6%) XDR cases.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight high frequencies of drug resistance to first and second-line anti-TB drugs.Determining the drug-resistance pattern of MTB is important for programmatic management of drug-resistant TB in Ethiopia. The circulating Pre-XDR and XDR case identified in the current study is alarming to the tuberculosis control program in the country.
Time restricted eating as a weight loss intervention in adults with obesity
Authors: Przulj Dunja , Ladmore Daniella , Smith Katie Myers , Phillips-Waller Anna , Hajek Peter 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTime-restricted eating (TRE) is a weight management approach in which food is consumed only within a specific period each day. The simplicity of this approach is appealing, but its efficacy is not known. The aim of this pilot cohort study was to assess adherence to TRE and its effects on weight and lipid profile.MethodsFifty participants with obesity attempted to follow TRE for 12 weeks. Surveys were conducted weekly over the phone to assess treatment adherence and ratings; and at 6 and 12 weeks, participants attended the clinic to be weighed, have their blood pressure taken and provide a blood sample for lipid profile. Treatment results were compared with data from previous comparable cohorts using other weight management methods.ResultsMean age of the participants was 50 (SD = 12.0), mean weight 97kg (SD = 17.1), mean BMI = 35 (SD = 4.0) and most were female (74%). At weeks 6 and 12, 64% and 58% of participants continued to practice TRE on at least five days/week. Using the ‘last observation carried forward’ imputation, mean (SD) weight loss was 2.0 (1.7) kg and 2.6 (2.6) kg at 6 and 12 weeks. Among participants who provided follow-up data, those who adhered to the intervention for at least five days/week recorded greater weight loss than those with lower adherence (week 6: 2.5 (1.7) vs 1.0 (1.3), p = 0.003; week 12: 3.5 (2.7) vs 1.3 (2.0), p = 0.001). A total of 26% of the sample lost at least 5% of their body weight at 12 weeks. The intervention had no effect on blood pressure or lipid profile.ConclusionsTRE results were modest, but at least on par with those achieved with more complex interventions, and weight loss did not decline at 12 weeks. A formal trial of the intervention is warranted.
Re-Making fashion experience: A model for ‘participatory research through clothing design’
Authors: Townsend Katherine , Sadkowska Ania 
Published: January 2021

The article presents a participatory research model based on two case studies, involving the making of the research and the making of the clothing. In recent years, there has been growing interest in participatory design research, especially in relation to textiles and clothing. Various practice-based initiatives focused around the role, value and use of clothing have demonstrated success in developing and applying research methodologies aimed at activating or recording creative outcomes while staying attuned to participants’ experiential knowledge and feedback. Researchers working across social and design innovation contexts point to the urgent need for new cultures of sustainable practice that challenge the growth model through the sharing of expert and amateur knowledge and skills. Consequently, an important opportunity now exists to more formally explicate a transferable model of principles for participatory engagement through making together.
Based on a critical analysis of two consecutive collaborative research inquiries, this article posits a working model of ‘participatory research through clothing design’. The authors suggest that the model, consisting of five stages of participation: (1) communicating and listening, (2) involving, (3) activating and responding, (4) consulting and (5) sharing, offers a useful pathway when considering craft-based research aspirations and goals. The authors seek to highlight some of the practical opportunities and ethical responsibilities faced by researchers when making with others, while delineating some of the challenges and potential pitfalls raised by both case studies.
Discharge Age and Weight for Very Preterm Infants: 2005–2018
Authors: Edwards Erika M. , Greenberg Lucy T. , Ehret Danielle E.Y. , Lorch Scott A. , Horbar Jeffrey D. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:
A complex set of medical, social, and financial factors underlie decisions to discharge very preterm infants. As care practices change, whether postmenstrual age and weight at discharge have changed is unknown.

METHODS:
Between 2005 and 2018, 824 US Vermont Oxford Network member hospitals reported 314 811 infants 24 to 29 weeks’ gestational age at birth without major congenital abnormalities who survived to discharge from the hospital. Using quantile regression, adjusting for infant characteristics and complexity of hospital course, we estimated differences in median age, weight, and discharge weight z score at discharge stratified by gestational age at birth and by NICU type.

RESULTS:
From 2005 to 2018, postmenstrual age at discharge increased an estimated 8 (compatibility interval [CI]: 8 to 9) days for all infants. For infants initially discharged from the hospital, discharge weight increased an estimated 316 (CI: 308 to 324) grams, and median discharge weight z score increased an estimated 0.19 (CI: 0.18 to 0.20) standard units. Increases occurred within all birth gestational ages and across all NICU types. The proportion of infants discharged home from the hospital on human milk increased, and the proportions of infants discharged home from the hospital on oxygen or a cardiorespiratory monitor decreased.

CONCLUSIONS:
Gestational age and weight at discharge increased steadily from 2005 to 2018 for survivors 24 to 29 weeks’ gestation with undetermined causes, benefits, and costs.
MEMAKSIMALKAN LEMBAGA PENJAMIN KREDIT DALAM MEMPERMUDAHMENDAPATKAN KREDIT
Authors: Wardiyah Mia Lasmi 
Published: January 2021

Makalah ini membahas mengenai UMKM dan permasa­lahan-permasalahan yang dihadapinya, terutama dalam usaha men­dapat­kan sumber dana. Persoalan klasik, yang selalu didapat dari para UMKM ini,dalam mendapatkan sumber dana, adalah keharusan memiliki agunan, banyaknya biaya yang harus dike­luar­kan, yang nilainya cukup besar, dalam setiap pengurusan kredit.Program Menkeu pada dasarnya memihak pada para UMKM dalam usaha mendapatkan sum­ber dana secara mudah, melalui program pengua­tan kapasitas Lembaga Penjamin Kredit UMKM. Sehingga dengan kuatnya Lembaga Penjamin Kredit ini maka akan meningkatkan kemam­puan UMKM, yang tidak atau kurang memiliki agunan, dengan membagi resiko antara Bank dengan Lembaga Pen­jamin Kre­dit. Dengan demikian akan mening­katkan kemauan Perbankan dalam menyalurkan kredit pada UMKM. Lembaga Penjamin Kredit dapat dianggap sebagai jembatan antara para pengu­saha kecil,yang tidak mempunyai agunan, dengan pihak Bank.Undang-Undang No. 9 Tahun 1995, menjelaskan me­ngenai apa itu UMKM, usaha-usaha apa saja yang dilakukan oleh Peme­rintah dalam memajukan para pengusaha UMKM ini, serta berbagai sanksi hukum yang diambil Pemerintah ter­hadap para kreditur dan debitur yang nakal.