bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sphingolipid metabolism on diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Delioğlu Ezgi Naz Ensari , Uğurlu Nagihan , Erdal Ebru , Malekghasemi Soheil , Çağıl Nurullah 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the aqueous and serum levels of sphingolipid metabolism mediators such as sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2), ceramide kinase (CK), and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) which are thought to take part in diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis, and development and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on type 2 diabetic and control patients who underwent cataract surgery. Three different subgroups, namely, non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), were allocated and the S1P, SK1, SK2, CK, and ASM levels in the serum and aqueous humor samples of diabetic and control patients were evaluated. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student’s t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for the statistical analysis of the study.

Results:
Among a total of 45 patients, including diabetic and control patients, the mean aqueous levels of SK1 (P < 0.001), SK2 (P = 0.012), ASM (P = 0.006), and CK (P = 0.002) were higher in all diabetic patients. The mean aqueous level of S1P was significantly higher in the PDR group than in other groups (P = 0.003). The mean aqueous levels of SK2 and ASM also increased in the NDR, NPDR, and PDR subgroups, respectively (P < 0.001). In addition, the mean serum levels of S1P, SK1, and ASM were higher in the diabetic patients (P = 0.015, P = 0.034, and P = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusion:
According to our findings, both aqueous and serum levels of S1P, SK1, and ASM and only the aqueous levels of SK2 and CK were higher in diabetic patients. This study suggested that sphingolipid metabolism may play an important role in DR pathogenesis.
The role of concomitant immunosuppressants in impeding the progression of diabetic retinopathy: A pilot study
Authors: Raman Premnath , Kathare Rupal 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Hallmark of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is blood-retinal barrier alteration. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of DR. Anti-VEGFs and lasers are effective in treating DR but have numerous drawbacks, hence the need to develop alternative therapies that may delay the onset or progression of DR.

Methods:
Fifteen patients were recruited in each group; the study group was on immunosuppressants for some other coexisting disease and the control group was not on them. Each subject underwent detailed history, ophthalmic examination, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and renal function tests at the time of recruitment and the end of one year. Primary outcome measure was to compare the progression of DR in diabetics on immunosuppressant versus those not on it.

Results:
Median age in the study and control group was 57 years and 60 years, respectively (P = 0.6). Median duration of diabetes was 11 and 12 years in the study and control group, respectively (P = 0.7). HbA1c for the study and control group for first visit was 7.6% and 8.0%, respectively (P = 0.26) and for second visit was 7.5% and 8.1%, respectively (P = 0.11). Hypertensives in the study and control groups were 9 and 4, respectively (P = 0.065); renal disease in the study and control groups was 4 and 2, respectively (P = 0.361). The control group showed 33.3% progression of DR, and no progression was seen in the study group (P = 0.014).

Conclusion:
Immunosuppressants seemed to delay the onset and progression of DR in the earlier stages.
Impact of Magnetically Treated Water on Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete
Authors: Yusuf K.O. , Akpenpuun T.D. , David S.O. , Oluwayemi C.H. 
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Magnetically Treated Water (MTW) on compressive, flexural and impact strengths of concrete. The compressive strength, flexural and impact test were determined using 100 mm cube, 100x100x500 mm, 100mm diameter and 64 mm high, respectively. MTW was produced by passing water through magnetic flux densities: 400(T1), 600(T2), 800(T3) and 997G(T4) as the treatments while Non-MTW (NMTW, T0 as control). The ratio of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate was 1:2:4 and curing duration for the concretes were 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Universal Testing Machine was used to determine the compressive and flexural strengths while drop weighing impact tester was used for determining the impact strength of the concrete. The mean forces at peak to break the concrete cured for 28 days for T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 106.79, 121.25, 114.15, 107.06 and 196.68 kN, while the compressive strengths were 10.68, 12.13, 11.42, 10.71 and 19.67 Nmm-2, respectively. The maximum compressive, flexural and impact strengths of the concrete were 84.17, 22.37 and 96.93%, respectively. The effect of MTW was statistically significant on compressive, flexural and impact strengths and is recommended for use.
Educação ambiental escolar para o semiárido paraibano
Authors: Aquino Correia João , José Pegado Abílio Francisco 
Published: November 2021

A Caatinga encontra-se entre os biomas que mais sofrem mudanças devido à intervenção humana. Nesse sentido, a educação ambiental, pode contribuir de significativamente para a formação de sujeitos críticos e atuantes. Todavia, é necessário conhecer as percepções ambientais para a potencial otimização do processo educativo. Diane disso, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa com elementos quantitativos, a presente pesquisa objetivou diagnosticar percepções ambientais prévias de 30 discentes da 1ª e 2ª série do ensino médio em uma escola pública situanda Caatinga paraibana. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário, categorizados de acordo com a análise de conteúdo. A maioria dos alunos apresenta: uma perespecgtiva onde o homem e natureza estão dissociados, dificuldade em formular os conceitos de preservação, conservação ambiental e ecologia todavia, demonstram conhecer representantes da fauna e flora. A partir do reconhecimento das demandas dos educandos pode-se contextualizar os processos educativos para a região.
Entre o bélico e o diplomático
Authors: Pagan Alice 
Published: November 2021

Refleti sobre as características dos elementos não racionais da aprendizagem e suas contribuições a um ensino de biologia para o autoconhecimento. Primeiramente apresentei algumas das limitações do modelo de ciência bélica, embasada na racionalidade, fazendo uma provocação sobre a necessidade de transiciona-la para um modelo com características femininas e diplomáticas. Por fim, trouxe propostas para pensarmos o contexto pandêmico, a partir dessa perspectiva. Concluí que feminilizar a ciência não é simplesmente formar mulheres para serem cientistas, é agregar as habilidades femininas para esse fazer, construindo assim relações ecossociais diplomáticas em detrimento daquelas bélicas, da ciência patriarcal colonizadora. A partir dessa perspectiva pensando em reduzirmos as vulnerabilidades frente ao COVID-19, é fundamental refletirmos sobre os afetos que emergem das relações interespecíficas. Isso começa a ser possível quando passamos a considerar um ensino-aprendizagem que se coloque para além da racionalidade, que passe pela fruição, pelas conexões afetivas e viscerais com o planeta.
The global and multi-annual MUSICA IASI {H2O, δD} pair dataset
Authors: Diekmann Christopher J. , Schneider Matthias , Ertl Benjamin , Hase Frank , García Omaira , Khosrawi Farahnaz , Sepúlveda Eliezer , Knippertz Peter , Braesicke Peter 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We present a global and multi-annual space-borne dataset of tropospheric {H2O, δD} pairs that is based on radiance
measurements from the nadir thermal infrared sensor IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) on board the Metop satellites of EUMETSAT
(European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites). This dataset is an a posteriori processed extension of the MUSICA
(MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water) IASI full product dataset as presented in
Schneider et al. (2021b). From the independently retrieved H2O and δD proxy states, their a priori settings and constraints,
and their error covariances provided by the IASI full product dataset, we generate an optimal estimation product for pairs of H2O and
δD. Here, this standard MUSICA method for deriving {H2O, δD} pairs is extended using an a posteriori
reduction of the constraints for improving the retrieval sensitivity at dry conditions. By applying this improved water isotopologue post-processing for all cloud-free MUSICA IASI retrievals, this yields a {H2O,
δD} pair dataset for the whole period from October 2014 to December 2020 with global coverage twice per day (local morning and
evening overpass times). In total, the dataset covers more than 1500 million individually processed observations. The retrievals are most sensitive
to variations in {H2O, δD} pairs within the free troposphere, with up to 30 % of all retrievals containing vertical
profile information in the {H2O, δD} pair product. After applying appropriate quality filters, the largest number of
reliable pair data arises for tropical and subtropical summer regions, but higher latitudes also show a considerable amount of reliable
data. Exemplary time series over the tropical Atlantic and West Africa are chosen to illustrate the potential of the MUSICA IASI {H2O,
δD} pair data for atmospheric moisture pathway studies. Furthermore, in order to facilitate the application of this rather
comprehensive MUSICA IASI {H2O, δD} pair dataset (referred to as Level-2), we additionally provide the data in a
re-gridded and simplified format (Level-3) with focus on the quality-filtered {H2O, δD} pairs in the free troposphere. A
technical documentation for guiding the use of both datasets is attached as the Supplement. Finally, the Level-2 dataset is referenced with the DOI
https://doi.org/10.35097/415 (Diekmann et al., 2021a) and the Level-3 dataset with DOI https://doi.org/10.35097/495 (Diekmann et al., 2021b).
Changes in glacial lakes in the Poiqu River basin in the central Himalayas
Authors: Su Pengcheng , Liu Jingjing , Li Yong , Liu Wei , Wang Yang , Ma Chun , Li Qimin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The Poiqu River basin is an area of concentration for glaciers and glacial lakes in the central Himalayas, where 147 glacial lakes were identified,
based on perennial remote sensing images, with lake area ranging from 0.0002 to 5.5 km2 – a total of 19.89 km2. Since 2004, the retreat rate of glacier has reached as high as 5.0 km2 a−1, while the growth rate of glacial lake has reached 0.24 km2 a−1. We take five typical lakes as our case study and find that the retreat of glacier area reaches 31.2 %, while the glacial lake area has expanded by 166 %. Moreover, we reconstruct the topography of the lake basin to calculate the water capacity and propose a water balance equation (WBE) to explore the lake evolution. By applying the WBE to the five lakes, we calculate the water supplies of the last few years and compare this with the results of field surveys, which are in agreement, within an error of only 1.86 % on average. The WBE also reveals that the water supplies to the lake depend strongly on the altitude. Lakes at low altitudes are supplied by glacier melting, and lakes at high altitudes are supplied by snowmelts. The WBE is not only applicable for predicting future changes in glacial lakes under climate warming conditions but is also useful for assessing water resources from rivers in the central Himalayas.
Diálogo intercultural no agreste e sertão pernambucanos: o Povo Pankará e os/ãs Artesãos/ãs do Alto do Moura
Authors: Silva Jaqueline Barbosa da , Silva Everaldo Fernandes da , Lopes Maria Luciete , Silva William Francisco da 
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho enseja evidenciar um diálogo intercultural entre as cosmovisões dos/as artesãos/ãs do Alto do Moura - Caruaru/PE e do Povo Pankará, cuja percepção é resultado dos desdobramentos do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência para a Diversidade (PIBID Diversidade), do projeto de pesquisa Professores Indígenas de Pernambuco: formação, pesquisa e prática pedagógica, das rodas de diálogo com os referidos ceramistas e, teoricamente, das lentes dos estudos pós-coloniais (ESCOBAR, 2003; MIGNOLO, 2007; MALDONADO-TORRES, 2007). A dinâmica do PIBID Diversidade, do Campus Agreste da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), tem assento, neste trabalho, nas práticas formativa e educativa do Povo Pankará e dos/as artesãos/ãs do Alto do Moura. Este caminho foi, paritariamente, construído em articulação com a Comissão dos Professores Indígenas de Pernambuco (COPIPE), os/as artesãos/ãs do Alto do Moura, os/as participantes indígenas do PIBID Diversidade e colaboradores/as vinculados à universidade. As estratégias metodológicas utilizadas filiam-se às perspectivas do movimento recursivo, rompendo com a linearidade colonialista das ações societárias que privilegiam os saberes escolares urbanocêntricos e governamentais. O acesso às cosmovisões do Povo Pankará e os contatos intersubjetivos dos/as artesãos/ãs do Alto do Moura revelaram as práticas educativas e a produção do conhecimento popular promovendo um olhar crítico-propositivo no e do grupo dos/as participantes indígenas e artesãos/ãs. Em ambos contextos, dos saberes indígenas e artesãos/ãs, as cosmovisões e formações distintas complementam-se, com assento, seja na valorização e respeito aos saberes tradicionais, seja, na oralidade e no cotidiano, cujas percepções e juízos de valor são herdados e transmitidos individual e coletivamente.
SOCIAL MEDIA IN INFORMATION WARFARE. ASSAULT WEAPON WITH HIGH RECOIL
Authors: PREDA Alin 
Published: November 2021

Beyond the benefits or risks of individual or institutional communication through social media, we must note that it is the perfect environment for fake news and propaganda because of the speed of information propagation, the unfriendly environment for checking sources, algorithms behind social networks and, last but not least, the extremely low cost. In other words, the Internet and web 2.0 have created the favorable framework for the conduct of the war "for minds and hearts", as it can be called the information war waged through social media. Beyond these considerations, the non-regulation of the online domain - the lack of rules, be they deontological, make social media a powerful weapon of attack in this type of war. At the same time, the use of this space by state actors should be done with caution because it involves risks that could result in the loss of the most important action capacity: credibility. This article aims to analyze social media as a tool in information warfare
dimensión ambiental del ordenamiento territorial desde el paradigma del desarrollo sostenible en América Latina y en Colombia
Authors: Román Núñez Yenny Constanza , Farelo Guerra José Luis 
Published: November 2021

Este artículo presenta los desarrollos y retos de la inclusión de la dimensión ambiental en el ordenamiento del territorio desde el paradigma del desarrollo sostenible, en algunos países de América Latina, especialmente, en el caso colombiano. Es un estudio descriptivo con métodos cualitativos de la investigación documental (Uribe, 2013), de tipo informativo y de tipo argumentativo (Alfonzo, 1994) para tratar de resolver la siguiente pregunta, ¿cuáles han sido los desarrollos, luego de 26 años del planteamiento inicial desde los países de América Latina de una propia agenda hacia el desarrollo sostenible, como una de las estrategias al ordenamiento del territorio, en especial en el caso colombiano?
Los resultados señalan: que la inclusión de la dimensión ambiental en el ordenamiento territorial está presente en los contenidos de la Carta Europea del Ordenamiento Territorial (1983), que contempló la interrelación hombre-naturaleza, al igual que la dimensión ambiental y social. Esto como consecuencia de la inclusión de la dimensión ambiental en el desarrollo económico en los años 60, producto de las iniciativas del Club de Roma y su informe sobre los Límites del Crecimiento, y posteriormente, con mayor fuerza con el surgimiento del paradigma del desarrollo sostenible. De otro lado, se afirma que el ordenamiento territorial en el caso colombiano está asociado, más que a una única política pública propia sobre el ordenamiento territorial, a un conjunto de políticas públicas sectoriales, principalmente sobre: el desarrollo sostenible (Ley 99 de 1993), el desarrollo económico y social (Ley 152 de 1994), y, el desarrollo territorial y urbano (Ley 388 de 1997), entre otras.
En síntesis el ordenamiento del territorio es un deber del Estado, es una cuestión política y es un asunto de poder, por tanto es necesario, por parte del Estado colombiano, asumir el reto de explorar nuevos enfoques híbridos de políticas (Top down y bottom up), donde se venzan las divisiones político administrativas del espacio geográfico y posibiliten un ordenamiento sostenible del territorio, el cual debe propender por la armonización de la dimensión natural, social y económica, y que muy seguro, en la práctica serán tangibles a través de las figuras propuestas en la LOOT (Ley 1454 de 2011).
HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRAQ
Authors: Алексеева И.В. , Алзубаиди Х. 
Published: November 2021

В статье проведено исследование исторических аспектов развития и становления системы бухгалтерского учета Республики Ирак. Систематизированы и хронологически представлены основные события, повлиявшие на развитие Единой учетной системы бухгалтерского учета и отчетности в Республике Ирак. Изучив исторические аспекты развития иракской системы бухгалтерского учета, выделены этапы ее развития. Проведен сравнительный анализ российских, иракских стандартов и МСФО и выделены их отличительные особенности. Обосновано, что основные ориентиры для трансформации иракских национальных стандартов – это международные стандарты финансовой отчетности. Определено, что дальнейшее развитие иракских стандартов заключается в трансформации количества стандартов и их содержательной составляющей для раскрытия информации об активах, обязательствах, доходах, расходах.
The article examines the historical aspects of the development and formation of the accounting system in the Republic of Iraq. The main events that influenced the development of the Unified Accounting System of Accounting and Reporting in the Republic of Iraq are systematized and chronologically presented. Having studied the historical aspects of the development of the Iraqi accounting system, the stages of its development are highlighted. A comparative analysis of Russian, Iraqi standards and IFRS is carried out and their distinctive features are highlighted. It has been substantiated that the main guidelines for the transformation of Iraqi national standards are International Financial Reporting Standards. It was determined that the further development of Iraqi standards consists in transforming the number of standards and their content, for disclosing information about assets, liabilities, income, expenses.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED FORMS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Никитин А.Ю. 
Published: November 2021

В статье изучены проблемы устойчивого развития интегрированных форм промышленных предприятий через призму триединой концепции. Рассмотрены подходы к оценке потенциала устойчивого развития посредством рейтингов устойчивого развития, в разрезе отдельных направлений оценки. Показано, что именно интегрированные формы предприятий обладают повышенным потенциалам устойчивого развития в разрезе экономической, экологической и социальной его составляющих. Проиллюстрирована важность направленности стратегии развития на устойчивое развитие в условиях современной неопределенности.
Ключевые слова Интегрированная форма промышленного предприятия, устойчивое развитие, интеграция в промышленности.
The paper examines the problems of sustainable development of integrated forms of industrial enterprises through the prism of the triune concept. We consider approaches to assessing the potential of sustainable development through sustainable development ratings, in the context of specific areas of assessment. We show that it the integrated forms of enterprises have an increased potential for sustainable development in the context of its economic, environmental and social components. We illustrate the importance of focusing the development strategy on sustainable development under modern uncertainty.
Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeons' Financial Relationships With Industry: An Analysis of the Sunshine Act Reporting of Physician Open Payments From 2014 to 2019
Authors: Frane Nicholas , Partan Matthew J. , White Peter B. , Iturriaga Cesar , Tarazi John M. , Roy Trinava , Bitterman Adam D. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Orthopaedic trauma surgeons have an intricate relationship with the medical device industry. In the past decade, legislation has created transparency of monetary exchanges between physicians and industry. In 2013, the Physician Payments Sunshine Act was passed and ultimately led to the creation of the Open Payments Database. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in industry payments to orthopaedic trauma surgeons.

Methods:
A retrospective review of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Open Payments Database was conducted for general industry payments to orthopaedic trauma surgeons from 2014 to 2019. Total payments and subtype payments were analyzed for yearly trends. All payments were converted to 2019 US dollars to adjust for inflation. Descriptive statistics included analysis of payments, number of surgeons, types of payments, top contributing companies, and regional comparisons. Trends were assessed through the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. Statistical significance was defined at P < 0.05.

Results:
From 2014 to 2019, 45,312 individual payments were given to orthopaedic trauma surgeons (N = 3208) accounting for a total of $41,376,397.85 (USD), with a mean of $919.54 per payment. Increased trends were noted for median annual payments, number of payments, and number of surgeons receiving payments. Compared with 2014 ($460.91), median payments were increased by 90.9% in 2016 ($879.85), 102.6% in 2018 ($933.81), and 178.6% in 2019 ($1284.06). Payment subtypes that demonstrated increasing median payments included consulting fees (P = 0.028); education (P < 0.001); entertainment, food, and beverage (P < 0.001); and travel (P = 0.019). Decreases in median payments were seen in royalties (P = 0.044) and grant funding (P < 0.001). Regional comparisons demonstrated increasing trends in median payments in the midwest (P = 0.011), south (P < 0.001), and west (P = 0.003), but not in the northeast (P = 0.081).

Discussion:
In our study, we found that industry payments to orthopaedic trauma surgeons were increasing markedly between 2014 and 2019, particularly among consulting fees, education, entertainment, food and beverage, and travel.