bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Extended Three-Dimensional Finite Strain Constitutive Model for Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Zhang M. , Baxevanis T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 3D finite-strain constitutive model for shape memory alloys (SMAs) is proposed. The model can efficiently describe reversible phase transformation from austenite to self-accommodated and/or oriented martensite, (re)orientation of martensite variants, minor loops, latent heat effects, and tension–compression asymmetry based on the Eulerian logarithmic strain and the corotational logarithmic objective rate. It further accounts for smooth thermomechanical response; temperature dependence of the critical force required for (re)orientation, temperature, and load dependence of the hysteresis width; and asymmetry between forward and reverse phase transformation, and it is flexible enough to address the deformation response in the concurrent presence of several phases, i.e., when austenite, self-accommodated, and oriented martensite co-exist in the microstructure. The ability of the proposed model to describe the aforementioned deformation response characteristics of SMAs under multiaxial, thermomechanical, and nonproportional loading relies on the set of three independent internal variables, i.e., the average volume fraction of martensite variants, their preferred direction, and the magnitude of the induced inelastic strain, which further allow for an implicit description of a fourth internal variable, the volume fraction of oriented as opposed to self-accommodated martensite. The calibration of the model and its numerical implementation in an efficient scheme are presented. The model is validated against experimental results associated with complex thermomechanical paths, including tension/compression/torsion experiments, and the efficiency of its numerical implementation is verified with simulations of the response of a biomedical superelastic SMA stent and an SMA spring actuator.
Acute Effects of Dietary Nitrate on Exercise Tolerance, Muscle Oxygenation, and Cardiovascular Function in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: van der Avoort Cindy M.T. , van Loon Luc J.C. , Verdijk Lex B. , Poyck Paul P.C. , Thijssen Dick T.J. , Hopman Maria T.E. 
Published: July 2021

Previous studies have used supplements to increase dietary nitrate intake in clinical populations. Little is known about whether effects can also be induced through vegetable consumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary nitrate, through nitrate-rich vegetables (NRV) and beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation, on plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations, exercise tolerance, muscle oxygenation, and cardiovascular function in patients with peripheral arterial disease. In a randomized crossover design, 18 patients with peripheral arterial disease (age: 73 ± 8 years) followed a nitrate intake protocol (∼6.5 mmol) through the consumption of NRV, BRJ, and nitrate-depleted BRJ (placebo). Blood samples were taken, blood pressure and arterial stiffness were measured in fasted state and 150 min after intervention. Each intervention was followed by a maximal walking exercise test to determine claudication onset time and peak walking time. Gastrocnemius oxygenation was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Blood samples were taken and blood pressure was measured 10 min after exercise. Mean plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased (nitrate; Time × Intervention interaction; p < .001), with the highest concentrations after BRJ (494 ± 110 μmol/L) compared with NRV (202 ± 89 μmol/L) and placebo (80 ± 19 μmol/L; p < .001). Mean claudication onset time and peak walking time did not differ between NRV (413 ± 187 s and 745 ± 220 s, respectively), BRJ (392 ± 154 s and 746 ± 176 s), and placebo (403 ± 176 s and 696 ± 222 s) (p = .762 and p = .165, respectively). Gastrocnemius oxygenation, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness were not affected by the intervention. NRV and BRJ intake markedly increase plasma nitrate and nitrite, but this does not translate to improved exercise tolerance, muscle oxygenation, and/or cardiovascular function.
Central eastern China hydrological changes and ENSO-like variability over the past 1800 yr
Authors: Jiang Shiwei , Zhou Xin , Sachs Julian P. , Luo Wuhong , Tu Luyao , Liu Xuanqiao , Zeng Lingyuan , Peng Shuzhen , Yan Qing , Liu Fei , Zheng Jianqiu , Zhang Juzhong , Shen Yanan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Variations in East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation impact agriculture, water resources, electricity generation, and economic development in the densely populated region of central eastern China. However, uncertainties remain in the history and driving mechanisms of precipitation changes in this region over the past two millennia. We present an 1800 yr multiproxy reconstruction of monsoon precipitation based on hydroclimate variations inferred from Lake Nvshan sediments in the Jiang-Huai region of central eastern China. We find that rainfall in the Jiang-Huai region was higher during the Little Ice Age (LIA) than during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), and that these changes were modulated by the mean state of the tropical Pacific Ocean on centennial time scales. We infer that an El Niño–like (La Niña–like) mean state caused a strengthening and westward displacement (weakening and eastward displacement) of the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) and a weakening (strengthening) of the EASM, causing more (less) rainfall in the Jiang-Huai region during the LIA (MWP). These hydroclimate changes are likely to have been a response to changes in effective radiative forcing.
Reporting of adverse events, conflict of interest and funding in randomised controlled trials of antibiotics: a secondary analysis
Authors: Bakhit Mina , Jones Mark , Baker Jenalle , Nair Ramil , Yan Kylie , Del Mar Chris , Scott Anna Mae 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTransparent reporting of trials is necessary to assess their internal and external validity. Currently, little is known about the quality of reporting in antibiotics trials. Our study investigates the reporting of adverse events, conflicts of interest and funding information in trials of penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides.DesignA secondary analysis of trials included in a convenience sample of three systematic reviews.MethodsAll randomised controlled trials included in the systematic reviews were included, although duplicates were removed. Eligible trials compared the specified antibiotics to placebo, for any indication. Author pairs independently extracted the data on reporting of adverse events from parent reviews, and data on funding and conflict of interest information from the trial reports. We calculated the overall proportion of trials reporting adverse events, conflict of interest information and funding information, and their proportion before and after the publication of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2001 Statement.ResultsWe included 432 trials. Overall, 62% of trials reported adverse events of any kind, although reporting of deaths or antibiotic resistance was less frequent (20% and 37%, respectively). Conflict-of-interest information was provided in 26% of the trials, and funding information was provided in 66% of the trials. There was no significant difference in reporting of adverse events before and after the publication of CONSORT 2001 Statement (62% vs 62%, p=0.92). Conflict of interest statements were provided more frequently (2% vs 55%, p<0.001) and conflict was present more often (0% vs 14%, p<0.001). There was no difference in the provision of the information about trial funding before (62%) and after (70%) CONSORT 2001 publication.ConclusionsInformation about adverse events, conflict of interest and funding, remains under-reported in trials of antibiotics.
Familial experience of acute bacterial meningitis in children: a transversal qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Scanferla Elisabetta , Gorwood Philip , Fasse Léonor 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo capture the subjective experience of close family ascendants of acute bacterial meningitis survivors and to explore how they give meaning to this specific experience.DesignA qualitative study of indepth interviews using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Primary outcomeMain meaning-making processes of participants’ experience.SettingsParticipants were recruited through two associations of people affected by meningitis and their family ascendants.ParticipantsConvenience sampling of 11 women whose children or grandchildren were between 0.2 and 20 years old at the time of their meningitis diagnosis (M=4.06, SD=7.3). On average, 9.39 (SD=5.4) years had passed between the onset of illness and the interview.ResultsSix superordinate themes (meningitis disease; healthcare services and professionals; knowledge/ignorance; repercussions of the meningitis experience: ‘life afterwards’; sick child attitudes/behaviour; and sibling attitudes/behaviour) and two main meaning-making processes in relation to participants’ experience of meningitis were identified: (1) the sick child becoming a ‘hero’: comparison with other children; and (2) engaging action/attitude: finding the ‘positive’ of the traumatic experience and engaging action to improve the care system. These two processes underpin the psychological adjustment to meningitis and its consequences.ConclusionsThis study provides a unique insight into close family members’ first-hand experience with acute bacterial meningitis. Findings highlighted factors characterising the disease experience, the psychological adjustment of meningitis survivors’ families and their meaning-making processes. These findings are important for research and clinical practice, demonstrating the multidimensional impact of the disease on family ascendants, their need for professional psychological support and the importance of direct involvement of parents in identifying key aspects of care.
Incidence of depression and depressive symptoms and their predictive factors in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Brasileiro Lízie Emanuelle Eulálio , Paiva Aílla Lorenna de Medeiros , de Medeiros Maria Yasmin Dantas , Jerez-Roig Javier , de Souza Dyego Leandro Bezerra 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionFaced with the continuous growth in the number of older people at a global level, some concerns are raised about the way people age. Health conditions such as depressive symptoms and depression have a direct or indirect impact on the quality of life of this population segment. The objective of this study is to verify the incidence of the various presentations of the depressive spectrum in the community-dwelling older population, as well as to analyse the predictive factors.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis protocol follows the recommendation of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. Searches will be conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Latin-American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences, Scientific Electronic Library Online and Cochrane databases, as well as grey literature. The search strategy involves terms related to ageing and the depressive spectrum found in observational studies. There will be no language restriction and the material included will be the ones whose publications took place until December 2020.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required on this research, since it only aims secondary data. After publishing the results in a scientifically supported journal, our findings may be disseminated to fill in the gaps and guide the production of more effective public policies directed at a more adequate care to the older population at a global level. The search process began in January 2021 and it is expected that all stages of the review will be completed by 30 November 2021.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019121616.
Early clinical and haemodynamic matched comparison of balloon-expandable valves
Authors: Delgado-Arana Jose R , Gordillo-Monge María X , Halim Jonathan , De Marco Federico , Trani Carlo , Martin Pedro , Infusino Fabio , Ancona Marco , den Heijer Peter , Bedogni Francesco , Nombela Franco Luis , Moreno Raul , Sargella Gennaro , Montorfano Matteo , Aristizabal-Duque Cristhian , Romero-Delgado Teresa , Santos Sandra , Barrero Alejandro , Gomez Salvador Itziar , IJsselmuiden Sander , Redondo Diéguez Alfredo , San Román Calvar José Alberto , Amat-Santos Ignacio J 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThe balloon-expandable Sapien-3 valve demonstrated superior results in terms of residual aortic regurgitation when compared with self-expandable devices. We aimed to compare for the first-time early outcomes of Sapien-3 transcatheter heart valve (THV) with the balloon-expandable Myval device.MethodsConsecutive real-world patients from nine European institutions with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis treated either with Sapien-3 or Myval THV devices after June 2018 were compared. Early clinical outcomes were prospectively gathered and blinded analysis of 30-day echocardiography was conducted. Matching for the following variables was performed: age, body surface area, Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score, left ventricular function, mean gradient, transfemoral approach, aortic valvular calcium, aortic annulus mean diameter, area and eccentricity index.ResultsA total of 416 patients treated either with the Sapien-3 (n=286, 68.7%) or with Myval THV (n=130, 31.3%) were included and 103 pairs compared after matching. Baseline characteristics were similar. Procedural success rate (Sapien-3: 94.2%; Myval: 93.2%, p=0.219), 30-day mortality (Sapien-3: 2.9%; Myval: 0.97%, p=0.625), clinical efficacy (12.6 vs 4.9%, p=0.057) and early safety (12.6 vs 4.9%, p=0.096) were comparable. There was a lower need for new permanent pacemaker (15.5 vs 5.8% p=0.020) with Myval. No significant differences were found in terms of ≥moderate aortic regurgitation (1% for Sapien-3, 0% for Myval, p=0.314), but mean gradients were higher following Sapien-3 than after Myval (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe new Myval balloon-expandable THV was favourable in terms of safety, with low rate of permanent pacemaker and with favourable residual gradients and paravalvular leak rate according to blinded echocardiographic analysis.
GD2-directed bispecific trifunctional antibody outperforms dinutuximab beta in a murine model for aggressive metastasized neuroblastoma
Authors: Zirngibl Felix , Ivasko Sara M , Grunewald Laura , Klaus Anika , Schwiebert Silke , Ruf Peter , Lindhofer Horst , Astrahantseff Kathy , Andersch Lena , Schulte Johannes H , Lode Holger N , Eggert Angelika , Anders Kathleen , Hundsdoerfer Patrick , Künkele Annette 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundNeuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. Patients with high-risk disease undergo extremely aggressive therapy and nonetheless have cure rates below 50%. Treatment with the ch14.18 monoclonal antibody (dinutuximab beta), directed against the GD2 disialoganglioside, improved 5-year event-free survival in high-risk patients when administered in postconsolidation therapy and was recently implemented in standard therapy. Relapse still occurred in 57% of these patients, necessitating new therapeutic options. Bispecific trifunctional antibodies (trAbs) are IgG-like molecules directed against T cells and cancer surface antigens, redirecting T cells (via their CD3 specificity) and accessory immune cells (via their functioning Fc-fragment) toward tumor cells. We sought proof-of-concept for GD2/CD3-directed trAb efficacy against neuroblastoma.MethodsWe used two GD2-specific trAbs differing only in their CD3-binding specificity: EKTOMUN (GD2/human CD3) and SUREK (GD2/mouse Cd3). This allowed trAb evaluation in human and murine experimental settings. Tumor-blind trAb and the ch14.18 antibody were used as controls. A coculture model of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and neuroblastoma cell lines was established to evaluate trAb antitumor efficacy by assessing expression of T-cell surface markers for activation, proinflammatory cytokine release and cytotoxicity assays. Characteristics of tumor-infiltrating T cells and response of neuroblastoma metastases to SUREK treatment were investigated in a syngeneic immunocompetent neuroblastoma mouse model mimicking minimal residual disease.ResultsWe show that EKTOMUN treatment caused effector cell activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines in coculture with neuroblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, EKTOMUN mediated GD2-dependent cytotoxic effects in human neuroblastoma cell lines in coculture with PBMCs, irrespective of the level of target antigen expression. This effect was dependent on the presence of accessory immune cells. Treatment with SUREK reduced the intratumor Cd4/Cd8 ratio and activated tumor infiltrating T cells in vivo. In a minimal residual disease model for neuroblastoma, we demonstrated that single-agent treatment with SUREK strongly reduced or eliminated neuroblastoma metastases in vivo. SUREK as well as EKTOMUN demonstrated superior tumor control compared with the anti-GD2 antibody, ch14.18.ConclusionsHere we provide proof-of-concept for EKTOMUN preclinical efficacy against neuroblastoma, presenting this bispecific trAb as a promising new agent to fight neuroblastoma.
Non-Fellowship regional anesthesia training and assessment: an international Delphi study on a consensus curriculum
Authors: Chuan Alwin , Jeyaratnam Bahaven , Fathil Shah , Ferraro Leonardo HC , Kessow Aneet , Lim Yean Chin , O’Rourke Michael J , Ponde Vrushali , Raft Julien , Segurado Arthur , Tangwiwat Suwimon , Torborg Alexandra , Turbitt Lloyd , Lansdown Andrew K , Mariano Edward R , McCartney Colin JL , Macfarlane Alan JR , Mok Louis YH , Orebaugh Steven L , Pawa Amit , Suresh Santhanam , Subramanian J Balavenkat , Volk Thomas , Woodworth Glenn , Ramlogan Reva 
Published: July 2021

Background and objectivesWhile there are several published recommendations and guidelines for trainees undertaking subspecialty Fellowships in regional anesthesia, a similar document describing a core regional anesthesia curriculum for non-fellowship trainees is less well defined. We aimed to produce an international consensus for the training and teaching of regional anesthesia that is applicable for the majority of worldwide anesthesiologists.MethodsThis anonymous, electronic Delphi study was conducted over two rounds and distributed to current and immediate past (within 5 years) directors of regional anesthesia training worldwide. The steering committee formulated an initial list of items covering nerve block techniques, learning objectives and skills assessment and volume of practice, relevant to a non-fellowship regional anesthesia curriculum. Participants scored these items in order of importance using a 10-point Likert scale, with free-text feedback. Strong consensus items were defined as highest importance (score ≥8) by ≥70% of all participants.Results469 participants/586 invitations (80.0% response) scored in round 1, and 402/469 participants (85.7% response) scored in round 2. Participants represented 66 countries. Strong consensus was reached for 8 core peripheral and neuraxial blocks and 17 items describing learning objectives and skills assessment. Volume of practice for peripheral blocks was uniformly 16–20 blocks per anatomical region, while ≥50 neuraxial blocks were considered minimum.ConclusionsThis international consensus study provides specific information for designing a non-fellowship regional anesthesia curriculum. Implementation of a standardized curriculum has benefits for patient care through improving quality of training and quality of nerve blocks.
Dynamical nonequilibrium molecular dynamics reveals the structural basis for allostery and signal propagation in biomolecular systems
Authors: Oliveira A. Sofia F. , Ciccotti Giovanni , Haider Shozeb , Mulholland Adrian J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A dynamical approach to nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (D-NEMD), proposed in the 1970s by Ciccotti et al., is undergoing a renaissance and is having increasing impact in the study of biological macromolecules. This D-NEMD approach, combining MD simulations in stationary (in particular, equilibrium) and nonequilibrium conditions, allows for the determination of the time-dependent structural response of a system using the Kubo–Onsager relation. Besides providing a detailed picture of the system’s dynamic structural response to an external perturbation, this approach also has the advantage that the statistical significance of the response can be assessed. The D-NEMD approach has been used recently to identify a general mechanism of inter-domain signal propagation in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and allosteric effects in $$\upbeta $$
β
-lactamase enzymes, for example. It complements equilibrium MD and is a very promising approach to identifying and analysing allosteric effects. Here, we review the D-NEMD approach and its application to biomolecular systems, including transporters, receptors, and enzymes.

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Dialogue on analytical and ab initio methods in attoscience
Authors: Armstrong Gregory S. J. , Khokhlova Margarita A. , Labeye Marie , Maxwell Andrew S. , Pisanty Emilio , Ruberti Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe perceived dichotomy between analytical and ab initio approaches to theory in attosecond science is often seen as a source of tension and misconceptions. This Topical Review compiles the discussions held during a round-table panel at the ‘Quantum Battles in Attoscience’ cecam virtual workshop, to explore the sources of tension and attempt to dispel them. We survey the main theoretical tools of attoscience—covering both analytical and numerical methods—and we examine common misconceptions, including the relationship between ab initio approaches and the broader numerical methods, as well as the role of numerical methods in ‘analytical’ techniques. We also evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of analytical as well as numerical and ab initio methods, together with their role in scientific discovery, told through the case studies of two representative attosecond processes: non-sequential double ionisation and resonant high-harmonic generation. We present the discussion in the form of a dialogue between two hypothetical theoreticians, a numericist and an analytician, who introduce and challenge the broader opinions expressed in the attoscience community.
Advances in multiscale modeling for novel and emerging technologies
Authors: Verkhovtsev Alexey V. , Solov’yov Ilia A. , Solov’yov Andrey V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Computational multiscale modeling encompasses a wide range of end-products and a great number of technological applications. This paper provides an overview of the computational multiscale modeling approach based on utilization of MBN Explorer and MBN Studio software packages, the universal and powerful tools for computational modeling in different areas of challenging research arising in connection with the development of novel and emerging technologies. Three illustrative case studies of multiscale modeling are reviewed in relation to: (i) the development of novel sources of monochromatic high-energy radiation based on the crystalline undulators, (ii) controlled fabrication of nanostructures using the focused electron-beam induced deposition, and (iii) ion-beam cancer therapy. These examples illustrate the key algorithms and unique methodologies implemented in the software.

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Quantum battles in attoscience: tunnelling
Authors: Hofmann Cornelia , Bray Alexander , Koch Werner , Ni Hongcheng , Shvetsov-Shilovski Nikolay I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
What is the nature of tunnelling? This yet unanswered question is as pertinent today as it was at the dawn of quantum mechanics. This article presents a cross section of current perspectives on the interpretation, computational modelling, and numerical investigation of tunnelling processes in attosecond physics as debated in the Quantum Battles in Attoscience virtual workshop 2020.

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