bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relative Importance of “Cooperative Context” and Kinship in Structuring Cooperative Behavior
Authors: Fisktjønmo Guro Lovise Hole , Næss Marius Warg , Bårdsen Bård-Jørgen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKin relations have a strong theoretical and empirical basis for explaining cooperative behavior. Nevertheless, there is growing recognition that context—the cooperative environment of an individual—also shapes the willingness of individuals to cooperate. For nomadic pastoralists in Norway, cooperation among both kin and non-kin is an essential predictor for success. The northern parts of the country are characterized by a history of herder-herder competition exacerbating between-herder conflict, lack of trust, and subsequent coordination problems. In contrast, because of a history of herder-farmer competition, southern Norway is characterized by high levels of between-herder coordination and trust. This comparative study investigates the relative importance of “cooperative context” and kinship in structuring cooperative behavior using an experimental gift game. The main findings from this study were that in the South, a high level of cooperation around an individual pushes gifts to be distributed evenly among other herders. Nevertheless, kinship matters, since close kin give and receive larger gifts. In contrast, kinship seems to be the main factor affecting gift distribution in the North. Herders in the North are also concerned with distributing gifts equally, albeit limiting them to close kin: the level of intragroup cooperation drives gifts to be distributed evenly among other closely related herders. The observed regional contrasts in cooperative decisions fit with the different historical levels of conflict and trust in the two regions: whereas herders in the South are affected by both cooperative context and kinship, kinship seems to be the main determinant of cooperation in the North.
Influence of alkyl chain length in ionic liquid based drilling mud for rheology modification: a review
Authors: Zamir Asif , Elraies Khaled A. , Rasool Muhammad Hammad , Ahmad Maqsood , Ayoub Muhammad , Abbas Muhammad Adeem , Ali Imtiaz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe research has shown successful application of ionic liquids (ILs) as drilling fluid additives for modifying the mud rheology. Ionic liquids are tuneable solvents comprising of hundreds of combination of various cations and anions. The cationic portion mainly comprises of a side alkyl chain which plays an important role in altering the drilling fluid properties. This review mainly focusses on finding the impact of alkyl chain length on yield point, plastic viscosity and filtration properties of water based mud at room temperature. The paper also incorporates the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis carried out on various ionic liquids by different research groups which confirms how the intercalation between ionic liquid and Na-Bt (Sodium Bentonite) changes the structure of clay and thus alters the rheology of the mud. It can be concluded that ionic liquids act as rheology modifiers by intercalating between the clay layers and thus changing the d-spacing of the clay. Moreover, the hydrophobicity, polarity and solubility of alkyl chain play an important role in altering the wettability and dispersion behavior of clay which modify the filtration as well as rheological properties of the mud.
The many facets of the Estrada indices of graphs and networks
Authors: Estrada Ernesto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Estrada index of a graph/network is defined as the trace of the adjacency matrix exponential. It has been extended to other graph-theoretic matrices, such as the Laplacian, distance, Seidel adjacency, Harary, etc. Here, we describe many of these extensions, including new ones, such as Gaussian, Mittag–Leffler and Onsager ones. More importantly, we contextualize all of these indices in physico-mathematical frameworks which allow their interpretations and facilitate their extensions and further studies. We also describe several of the bounds and estimations of these indices reported in the literature and analyze many of them computationally for small graphs as well as large complex networks. This article is intended to formalize many of the Estrada indices proposed and studied in the mathematical literature serving as a guide for their further studies.
Best clinical practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH): an updated European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry policy document
Authors: Lygidakis N. A. , Garot E. , Somani C. , Taylor G. D. , Rouas P. , Wong F. S. L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aim
To update the existing European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2010 policy document on the ‘Best Clinical Practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH).’

Methods
Experts, assigned the EAPD, worked on two different topics: (A) Aetiological factors involved in MIH, and (B) Treatment options for the clinical management of MIH. The group prepared two detailed systematic reviews of the existing literature relevant to the topics and following a consensus process produced the updated EAPD policy document on the ‘Best Clinical Practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH).’ The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of evidence regarding aetiology and treatment which was judged as HIGH, MODERATE, LOW or VERY LOW, while the GRADE criteria were used to indicate the strength of recommendation regarding treatment options as STRONG or WEAK/CONDITIONAL.

Results
(A) Regarding aetiology, it is confirmed that MIH has a multifactorial aetiology with the duration, strength and timing of occurrence of the aetiological factors being responsible for the variable clinical characteristics of the defect. Perinatal hypoxia, prematurity and other hypoxia related perinatal problems, including caesarean section, appear to increase the risk of having MIH, while certain infant and childhood illnesses are also linked with MIH. In addition, genetic predisposition and the role of epigenetic influences are becoming clearer following twin studies and genome and single-nucleotide polymorphisms analyses in patients and families. Missing genetic information might be the final key to truly understand MIH aetiology. (B) Regarding treatment options, composite restorations, preformed metal crowns and laboratory indirect restorations provide high success rates for the posterior teeth in appropriate cases, while scheduled extractions provide an established alternative option in severe cases. There is great need for further clinical and laboratory studies evaluating new materials and non-invasive/micro-invasive techniques for anterior teeth, especially when aesthetic and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) issues are concerned.

Conclusions
MIH has been studied more extensively in the last decade. Its aetiology follows the multifactorial model, involving systemic medical and genetic factors. Further focused laboratory research and prospective clinical studies are needed to elucidate any additional factors and refine the model. Successful preventive and treatment options have been studied and established. The appropriate choice depends on the severity of the defects and the age of the patient. EAPD encourages the use of all available treatment options, whilst in severe cases, scheduled extractions should be considered.
Worcester educator climate assembly: promoting sustainability leadership through participation. A community approach to education in climate emergency
Authors: Lengthorn Elena , Asbury Megan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOur urgent state of “Climate Emergency,” as declared by the UK Government on 1st May 2019, has done little to change our secondary education system or educational leadership. As we collectively begin to move into acceptance of the irreversible nature of a portion of the environmental damage and its long-term consequences, we need to explore the purpose and practice of education and educational leadership in climate emergency. How should we prepare teachers and educators to lead and develop young people in a time of climate crisis and who should be involved in making the decisions? This article reports on the findings of a Green Impact project, an online Educator Climate Assembly that took place on World Environment Day 2021, with West Midlands education stakeholder participants. The following themes are explored: responsibility, process complexity, confidence, sense of scale and communities of practice, with an invitation to readers to adapt this process and use it in their own education settings. Suggested further research includes trialing the process in a range of settings and a longitudinal approach to measuring the impacts.
The first -betti number and groups acting on trees
Authors: Chatterji Indira , Hughes Sam , Kropholler Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe generalize results of Thomas, Allcock, Thom–Petersen, and Kar–Niblo to the first $\ell ^{2}$-Betti number of quotients of certain groups acting on trees by subgroups with free actions on the edge sets of the graphs.
Dancing After Life: Flexible Spacetimes of Black Female ResistDance
Authors: Zami Layla 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThis essay explores the intersection of concert dance, cultural memory, Black womanhood, and non-linear spacetime from an Afro-European perspective. Inspired by Black feminist methodologies, the text interweaves performance analysis, historical context, interdisciplinary theory including my own concept of perforMemory, and auto-ethnographic experience gained through participant observation. My writing moves along three lines of inquiry tuned in the key of C: contextualizing, conjuring and contemplating. The article offers a case study of I Step on Air, a contemporary dance piece created by Nigerian-German dancer-choreographer Oxana Chi (Berlin/New York) and dedicated to Ghanian-German poet and activist May Ayim. By including an interlude with the choreographer's own creative writing about the piece, the article also provides the reader with the precious perspective of Oxana Chi on her process. The article is a reflection on/of the resonances between movement, writing, and activism. Let's celebrate the power of Black women to resistDance, step by step, move by move, breath by breath…
Beyoncé's Super Bowl Spectacles and Choreographies of Black Power in the Movement 4 Black Lives
Authors: Monroe Raquel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, I argue that the spectacle of American football, and the performance practices of HBCU dance lines birthed within it and seasoned in queer nightclubs, propelled Black “femme-inintiy” from the sidelines to the center of choreographic and discursive practices of Black liberation. I wed queer Black feminism with Yoruba cosmology to analyze three protests instigated during three NFL events in 2016: Beyoncé's Super Bowl performance, the direct actions of Black Lives Matter activists at the Super Bowl, and Assata's Daughters’ protest at the NFL Draft. Ultimately, I theorize the generative potential of spectacle and uplift the organizing and labor of queer Black femmes and gender nonconforming people in the Movement 4 Black Lives.
Afro-Feminist Performance Routes: Documenting Embodied Dialogue and AfroFem Articulations
Authors: Chapman Dasha A. , LaMothe Mario 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis conversation emerges from the Afro-Feminist Performance Routes's biennial gatherings at Duke University that have taken place since 2016. Hinging on the work of Lēnablou (Guadeloupe), Rujeko Dumbutshena (Zimbabwe, United States), Sephora Germain (Haiti), Yanique Hume (Jamaica, Cuba, Barbados), Jessi Knight (United States), Halifu Osumare (United States), Luciane Ramos-Silva (Brazil), and Jade Power Sotomayor (Puerto Rico, United States), the focused residency has nurtured embodied dialogues centered on African-derived dance practices and gender, femininity, womanhood, femme, and feminisms. What follows is a scripted simulation of conversations generated in roundtables, workshops, performances, and interviews, as well as around dinner tables and during late-night chats. We've woven together the artists’ statements under two umbrella themes—embodied philosophies and contours of diaspora—in order to highlight the relationship between creative practice and lived experience, between singularity and collective, between precarity and the everyday, between AfroFem and becoming.
Effects of in vitro exposure of sheep ovarian tissue to zearalenone and matairesinol on preantral follicles
Authors: Brito D.C.C. , Silva I.P. , Ferreira A.C.A. , Sá N.A.R. , Guedes M.I.F. , Rodrigues A.P.R. , Santos R.R. , Figueiredo J.R. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1 µmol/l zearalenone (ZEN) and 1 µmol/l matairesinol (MAT), alone or in combination, on the morphology of in vitro-cultured ovarian preantral follicles. Ovaries from four adult sheep were collected at a local slaughterhouse and fragmented, and the ovarian pieces were submitted to in vitro culture for 3 days in the presence or absence of the test compounds. The morphology of primordial and primary follicles was impaired by ZEN. The plant lignan MAT alone did not maintain the morphology of the ovarian follicles; its combination with ZEN counteracted the negative effects observed when follicles were cultured in the presence of the mycotoxin alone. However, MAT was not able to promote the in vitro development of the ovarian follicles.
Is it possible to reconstruct a prehistoric religion? Latvian archaeology versus the believers
Authors: Broka-Lāce Zenta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractToday there is a revival of groups who claim to practice ancient Latvian religion. They often accuse archaeologists of lying and concealing the evidence of Latvian past superiority. On the one hand, this might be considered a misuse of archaeological data in order to support religious or nationalistic beliefs. On the other hand, hypothetical reconstructions of prehistoric religious beliefs are related to public archaeology and the relationship between science and the wider society. The aim of this paper is to investigate attempts to reconstruct ancient Latvian prehistoric religion through the lens of the archaeology of religion, and at the same time to broaden the discussion into the problematic relationship between nationalism and public archaeology.
Development of key competences through Latin and Greek in secondary school in Italy and Spain
Authors: Canfarotta Daniela , Tosto Crispino , Casado-Muñoz Raquel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith regards to the latest European Recommendations, developing key competences has become an important goal of education. The purpose of this comparative study is to focus on this topic considering the teaching of Latin and Greek in upper secondary school in Italy and Spain. A multiple case study with a mixed research design was used, with 173 students and 25 teachers as participants in the quantitative part and 40 students and 18 teachers in the qualitative part. The underlined results are a) the importance of working on the learning concepts of the students of Classics, as this influences the way they study b) the teaching factors that help pupils to develop key competences are evaluation, feedback, teacher personality, interactivity and discipline. Useful paths for daily teaching and new perspectives for future research in this field are offered.
On the Similarity and Repeatability of Fast Radiation Belt Loss: Role of the Last Closed Drift Shell
Authors: Olifer L. , Mann I. R. , Ozeke L. G. , Claudepierre S. G. , Baker D. N. , Spence H. E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProperly characterizing fast relativistic electron losses in the terrestrial Van Allen belts remains a significant challenge for accurately simulating their dynamics. In particular, magnetopause shadowing losses can deplete the radiation belt within hours or even minutes, but can have long‐lasting impacts on the subsequent belt dynamics. By statistically analyzing seven years of data from the entire Van Allen Probes mission in the context of the last closed drift shell, here we show how these losses are much more organized and predictable than previously thought. Once magnetic storm electron dynamics are properly analyzed in terms of the location of the last closed drift shell, not only is the loss shown to be repeatable but its energy‐dependent spatio‐temporal evolution is also revealed to follow a very similar pattern from storm to storm. Employing an energy‐dependent ULF wave radial diffusion model, we further show for the first time how the similar and repeatable fractional loss of the pre‐storm electron population in each storm can be reproduced and explained. Empirical characterization of this loss may open a pathway toward improved radiation belt specification and forecast models. This is especially important since underestimates of loss can also create unrealistic sources in models, creating phantom electron radiation and leading to the prediction of an overly harsh radiation environment.
Heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs are more abundant than their cyanobacterial counterparts in metagenomes covering most of the sunlit ocean
Authors: Delmont Tom O , Pierella Karlusich Juan José , Veseli Iva , Fuessel Jessika , Eren A Murat , Foster Rachel A , Bowler Chris , Wincker Patrick , Pelletier Eric 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation contributes significantly to marine primary productivity. The current view depicts few cyanobacterial diazotrophs as the main marine nitrogen fixers. Here, we used 891 Tara Oceans metagenomes derived from surface waters of five oceans and two seas to generate a manually curated genomic database corresponding to free-living, filamentous, colony-forming, particle-attached, and symbiotic bacterial and archaeal populations. The database provides the genomic content of eight cyanobacterial diazotrophs including a newly discovered population related to known heterocystous symbionts of diatoms, as well as 40 heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs that considerably expand the known diversity of abundant marine nitrogen fixers. These 48 populations encapsulate 92% of metagenomic signal for known nifH genes in the sunlit ocean, suggesting that the genomic characterization of the most abundant marine diazotrophs may be nearing completion. Newly identified heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs are widespread, express their nifH genes in situ, and also occur in large planktonic size fractions where they might form aggregates that provide the low-oxygen microenvironments required for nitrogen fixation. Critically, we found heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs to be more abundant than cyanobacterial diazotrophs in most metagenomes from the open oceans and seas, emphasizing the importance of a wide range of heterotrophic populations in the marine nitrogen balance.
Checkpoint blocker induced autoimmunity as an indicator for tumour efficacy in melanoma
Authors: Hassel Jessica C. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have improved survival of patients with metastatic melanoma but can induce autoimmunologic side effects. Ye et al. report a retrospective analysis that further supports the finding that these are biomarkers for patients’ clinical benefit. Thereby, patients with immune-related adverse events show a differential gene expression in chemokine-mediated signalling.
Antibody elicited by HIV-1 immunogen vaccination in macaques displaces Env fusion peptide and destroys a neutralizing epitope
Authors: Abernathy Morgan E. , Gristick Harry B. , Vielmetter Jost , Keeffe Jennifer R. , Gnanapragasam Priyanthi N. P. , Lee Yu E. , Escolano Amelia , Gautam Rajeev , Seaman Michael S. , Martin Malcolm A. , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Bjorkman Pamela J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHIV-1 vaccine design aims to develop an immunogen that elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies against a desired epitope, while eliminating responses to off-target regions of HIV-1 Env. We report characterization of Ab1245, an off-target antibody against the Env gp120-gp41 interface, from V3-glycan patch immunogen-primed and boosted macaques. A 3.7 Å cryo-EM structure of an Ab1245-Env complex reveals one Ab1245 Fab binding asymmetrically to Env trimer at the gp120-gp41 interface using its long CDRH3 to mimic regions of gp41. The mimicry includes positioning of a CDRH3 methionine into the gp41 tryptophan clasp, resulting in displacement of the fusion peptide and fusion peptide-proximal region. Despite fusion peptide displacement, Ab1245 is non-neutralizing even at high concentrations, raising the possibility that only two fusion peptides per trimer are required for viral–host membrane fusion. These structural analyses facilitate immunogen design to prevent elicitation of Ab1245-like antibodies that block neutralizing antibodies against the fusion peptide.
High mechanical property silk produced by transgenic silkworms expressing the spidroins PySp1 and ASG1
Authors: Tang Xiaoli , Ye Xiaogang , Wang Xiaoxiao , Zhao Shuo , Wu Meiyu , Ruan Jinghua , Zhong Boxiong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpider silk is one of the best natural fibers with excellent mechanical properties; however, due to the visual awareness, biting behavior and territory consciousness of spiders, we cannot obtain spider silk by large-scale breeding. Silkworms have a spinning system similar to that of spiders, and the use of transgenic technology in Bombyx mori, which is an ideal reactor for producing spider silk, is routine. In this study, the piggyBac transposon technique was used to achieve specific expression of two putative spider silk genes in the posterior silk glands of silkworms: aggregate spider glue 1 (ASG1) of Trichonephila clavipes (approximately 1.2 kb) and two repetitive units of pyriform spidroin 1 (PySp1) of Argiope argentata (approximately 1.4 kb). Then, two reconstituted spider silk-producing strains, the AG and PA strains, were obtained. Finally, the toughness of the silk fiber was increased by up to 91.5% and the maximum stress was enhanced by 36.9% in PA, and the respective properties in AG were increased by 21.0% and 34.2%. In summary, these two spider genes significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of silk fiber, which can provide a basis for spidroin silk production.
Increasing the performance of Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seedlings by LED light regimes
Authors: Liang Dangdi , Yousef Ahmed Fathy , Wei Xiaoxia , Ali Muhammad Moaaz , Yu Weijun , Yang Liuqing , Oelmüller Ralf , Chen Faxing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to progress in the industrial development of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), much work has been dedicated to understanding the reaction of plants to these light sources in recent years. In this study, the effect of different LED-based light regimes on growth and performance of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seedlings was investigated. Combinations of different light irradiances (50, 100, and 200 µmol m−2 s−1), quality (red, green, and blue light-emitting LEDs), and photoperiods (10 h/14 h, 12 h/12 h and 14 h/10 h light/dark cycles) were used to investigate the photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidants and growth traits of passion fruit seedlings in comparison to the same treatment white fluorescent light. Light irradiance of 100 µmol m−2 s−1 of a 30% red/70% blue LED light combination and 12 h/12 h light/dark cycles showed the best results for plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, internode distance, and fresh/dry shoot/root weights. 14 h/10 h light/dark cycles with the same LED light combination promoted antioxidant enzyme activities and the accumulation of phenols and flavonoids. In contrast, lower light irradiance (50 µmol m−2 s−1) had negative effects on most of the parameters. We conclude that passion fruit seedlings' optimal performance and biomass production requires long and high light irradiances with a high blue light portion.