bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Microbiological Study of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii with Special Reference to Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Longjam Langamba Angom , Tsering Dechen Chomu , Das Dipmala 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction The outbreak of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii (ACB) is mainly reported to be a notorious pathogens at health-care settings. It is the major problem on the health-care system with high morbidity and mortality rates because of the broad range of antibiotic resistance and lack of understanding the mechanism of developing new antibiotic resistance rapidly. It emphasizes the importance of local surveillance in describing or understanding and predicting microbial resistance patterns so that there will be limited use of antibiotics by developing strategies to control the extensive use of antimicrobial chemotherapy in clinical environment, which is still considered as one of the factors in the emergence of multidrug resistance microorganisms.
Objectives The study aims to detect the occurrence rate of ACB infections from various clinical samples, identify the resistance levels to different groups of antimicrobial agents, and the occurrence rate of multidrug resistant (MDR) ACB clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in Durgapur, West Bengal, India.
Material and Methods The study was performed in the Department of Microbiology of the IQ City Medical College and Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal, India, for the 24 months duration, that is, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. Altogether 15,800 clinical samples consisting of endotracheal tube aspirates, sputum, pus, blood, catheter tips, urine, tissue, and other body fluids were studied. ACB from clinical samples were identified by its characteristic colonies (nonlactose fermenting, glistening, small mucoid colonies), Gram-staining pattern (Gram-negative coccobacillus), and standard biochemical reactions. It was further confirmed in the Department of Microbiology of the Healthworld Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal, India, by Vitek2 compact system (bioMerieux, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using automated broth microdilutions by Vitek2 compact system (bioMerieux, Inc.) and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton Agar (HiMedia).
Results Nonrepetitive 289 ACB were isolated from various clinical samples. A total of 277 (96%) isolates of ACB were MDR strains.
Conclusion ACB was mostly isolated from the intensive care unit department and was found to be the most MDR type in the tertiary care hospital by this study.
Less Invasive Surfactant Administration in Very Prematurely Born Infants
Authors: Shetty Sandeep , Egan Helen , Cornuaud Peter , Kulkarni Anay , Duffy Donovan , Greenough Anne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is the preferred mode of surfactant administration for spontaneously breathing preterm babies supported by noninvasive ventilation (NIV).
Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether LISA on the neonatal unit or in the delivery suite was associated with reduced rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or the need for intubation, or lower durations of invasive ventilation and length of hospital stay (LOS).
Methods A historical comparison was undertaken. Each “LISA” infant was matched with two infants (controls) who did not receive LISA.
Results The 25 LISA infants had similar gestational ages and birth weights to the 50 controls (28 [25.6–31.7] weeks vs. 28.5 [25.4–31.9] weeks, p = 0.732; 1,120 (580–1,810) g vs. 1,070 [540–1,869] g, p = 0.928), respectively. LISA infants had lower requirement for intubation (52 vs. 90%, p < 0.001), shorter duration of invasive ventilation (median 1 [0–35] days vs. 6 [0–62] days p = 0.001) and a lower incidence of BPD (36 vs. 64%, p = 0.022). There were no significant differences in duration of NIV (median 26 [3–225] vs. 23 [2–85] days, p = 0.831) or the total LOS (median 76 [24–259] vs. 85 [27–221], p = 0.238).
Conclusion LISA on the neonatal unit or the delivery suite was associated with a lower BPD incidence, need for intubation, and duration of invasive ventilation.
A compact and fast magnetic coil for the manipulation of quantum gases with Feshbach resonances
Authors: Kell A. , Link M. , Breyer M. , Hoffmann A. , Köhl M. , Gao K. 
Published: September 2021

Cold atom experiments commonly use broad magnetic Feshbach resonances to manipulate the interaction between atoms. In order to induce quantum dynamics by a change in the interaction strength, rapid (∼μs) magnetic field changes over several tens of Gauss are required. Here, we present a compact design of a coil and its control circuit for a change in the magnetic field up to 36 G in 3 µs. The setup comprises two concentric solenoids with minimal space requirements, which can be readily added to existing apparatuses. This design makes the observation of non-equilibrium physics with broad Feshbach resonances accessible.
Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of Au38(SC6H13)24 monolayer-protected clusters resolved by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy
Authors: Jeffries William R. , Foxley Juniper , Knappenberger Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2021

Electronic relaxation dynamics of neutral Au38(SC6H13)24 monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs), following excitation of the mixed 15 875 cm−1 charge transfer resonance, were studied using femtosecond transient absorption (fsTA) and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). The excited carriers relax by three different mechanisms, including an ∼100 fs HOMO−12/−13 to HOMO−4/−6 hole transfer, picosecond HOMO−4/−6 to HOMO hole transfer, and subsequent electron–hole recombination that persisted beyond the hundreds of picoseconds measurement range. The fsTA data revealed two transient bleach components at 15 820 and 15 625 cm−1, where the lower frequency component exhibited a delayed first-order buildup of 80 ± 25 fs that matched the decay of the high-energy bleach component (110 ± 45 fs). These results suggested that the excited charge carriers internally relax within the exited-state manifold in ≈100 fs. 2DES resolved multiple electronic fine-structure transient peaks that spanned excitation frequencies ranging from 15 500 to 16 100 cm−1. State-to-state dynamics were understood by the analysis of time-dependent 2DES transient signal amplitudes at numerous excitation-detection frequency combinations. An off-diagonal cross peak at 15 825–15 620 cm−1 excitation-detection signified the HOMO−12/−13 to HOMO−4/−6 hole transfer process. The lowest-frequency (15 620 cm−1) 2DES diagonal fine-structure peak exhibited instantaneous amplitude but intensified following a 75 ± 10 fs buildup when compared to diagonal peaks at higher frequencies. This observation indicated that the charge transfer resonance in Au38(SC6H13)24 MPCs is comprised of several electronic transitions of unique spectral weights, which may result from different orbital contributions associated with specific cluster domains. The use of 2DES in combination with structurally precise MPCs can provide a platform for understanding structure-dependent electronic dynamics in metal nanoclusters and technologically important metal–chalcogenide interfaces.
Visualization of intracellular lipid metabolism in brown adipocytes by time-lapse ultra-multiplex CARS microspectroscopy with an onstage incubator
Authors: Takei Yuki , Hirai Rie , Fukuda Aya , Miyazaki Shinichi , Shimada Rintaro , Okamatsu-Ogura Yuko , Saito Masayuki , Leproux Philippe , Hisatake Koji , Kano Hideaki 
Published: September 2021

We visualized a dynamic process of fatty acid uptake of brown adipocytes using a time-lapse ultra-broadband multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopic imaging system with an onstage incubator. Combined with the deuterium labeling technique, the intracellular uptake of saturated fatty acids was traced up to 9 h, a substantial advance over the initial multiplex CARS system, with an analysis time of 80 min. Characteristic metabolic activities of brown adipocytes, such as resistance to lipid saturation, were elucidated, supporting the utility of the newly developed system.
Observation of a dipole-bound excited state in 4-ethynylphenoxide and comparison with the quadrupole-bound excited state in the isoelectronic 4-cyanophenoxide
Authors: Zhang Yue-Rou , Yuan Dao-Fu , Qian Chen-Hui , Wang Lai-Sheng 
Published: September 2021

Negative ions do not possess Rydberg states but can have Rydberg-like nonvalence excited states near the electron detachment threshold, including dipole-bound states (DBSs) and quadrupole-bound states (QBSs). While DBSs have been studied extensively, quadrupole-bound excited states have been more rarely observed. 4-cyanophenoxide (4CP−) was the first anion observed to possess a quadrupole-bound exited state 20 cm−1 below its detachment threshold. Here, we report the observation of a DBS in the isoelectronic 4-ethynylphenoxide anion (4EP−), providing a rare opportunity to compare the behaviors of a dipole-bound and a quadrupole-bound excited state in a pair of very similar anions. Photodetachment spectroscopy (PDS) of cryogenically cooled 4EP− reveals a DBS 76 cm−1 below its detachment threshold. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) at 266 nm shows that the electronic structure of 4EP− and 4CP− is nearly identical. The observed vibrational features in both the PDS and PES, as well as autodetachment from the nonvalence excited states, are also found to be similar for both anions. However, resonant two-photon detachment (R2PD) from the bound vibrational ground state is observed to be very different for the DBS in 4EP− and the QBS in 4CP−. The R2PD spectra reveal that decays take place from both the DBS and QBS to the respective anion ground electronic states within the 5 ns detachment laser pulse due to internal conversion followed by intramolecular vibrational redistribution and relaxation, but the decay mechanisms appear to be very different. In the R2PD spectrum of 4EP−, we observe strong threshold electron signals, which are due to detachment, by the second photon, of highly rotationally excited anions resulted from the decay of the DBS. On the other hand, in the R2PD spectrum of 4CP−, we observe well-resolved vibrational peaks due to the three lowest-frequency vibrational modes of 4CP−, which are populated from the decay of the QBS. The different behaviors of the R2PD spectra suggest unexpected differences between the relaxation mechanisms of the dipole-bound and quadrupole-bound excited states.
A discourse dynamics exploration of attitudinal responses towards COVID-19 in academia and media
Authors: Dong Jihua , Buckingham Louisa , Wu Hao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes attitudinal positioning in academic and media discourse pertaining to COVID-19 from the COVID-19 Corpus and Coronavirus Corpus, using a discourse dynamics approach. Underpinning this approach is the Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST), which we employ to examine the discursive practices of a discourse event across time periods (timescales). The analysis identified significant differences in attitudinal markers and noteworthy developmental patterns in attitude positioning; the developmental trajectories of attitude construction were characterized by a nonlinear developmental pattern subject to fluctuations and variability. We also discerned the existence of dynamic interaction between the uses of attitudinal markers and the reported cases of COVID-19. Methodologically, we demonstrate how the integration of the discourse dynamics approach with corpus linguistics strengthens the social contextualization of data by enabling the identification of developmental patterns of targeted language features over time, and the interconnections of these language features with contextually important social factors.
The reading habits of professional signed and spoken language interpreters
Authors: Nicodemus Brenda , Liu Minhua , McClure Sandra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Reading is a critical process for conscious learning and enhancing knowledge; however, little is known about
reading in interpreters’ professional lives. We used an online survey to collect information about the reading habits of signed
language interpreters (n = 1,382) and spoken language interpreters (n = 601) to examine overall
patterns, as well as variations, between the groups. The interpreters responded to questions regarding (a) engagement with reading
types, (b) hours spent reading, (c) motivations for reading, (d) factors that reduce engagement in reading, (e) reading in which
interpreters should engage, (f) relevance of reading to professional practice, and (g) priority of research topics for reading.
Similarities were found between the groups, with divergence in three areas – reading preparation materials, reading research
studies, and the types of research studies the participants wish to read. The results provide insights into professional
interpreters’ engagement with reading and its application to their professional practice.
Imagining national solidarity: Strangers-turned-friends-turned-brothers
Authors: Kaplan Danny 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
There is limited cultural analysis of the tropes and metaphors underlying the discourse of national solidarity. This article revisits three central approaches to bounded solidarity and connects them with distinctive tropes of personal relationships: solidarity-through-sameness encapsulated in the family metaphor; solidarity as an impersonal relationship between strangers; and solidarity as an extension of sociability encapsulated in the friendship metaphor. I examine these tropes in terms of collective perceptions of simultaneous and mythic time and a meta-narrative of salvation. The national imagination can be distinguished from civic and ethnic forms of belonging by its enactment of a dual transformation from strangers to friends and from newfound friends to rediscovered brothers of a timeless and primordial tribe. While much of the nationhood literature assumes a causal pathway from national identity to solidarity, this fraternisation of friendship points to a reverse route from trust between compatriots to feelings of loyalty to the nation.
GaN PNP light-emitting bipolar junction transistor
Authors: Fu Wai Yuen , Choi Hoi Wai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An light-emitting bipolar transistor (LEBJT) has been developed in response to aspirations for on-chip electronics with GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) devices. The design utilizes the existing p-n junction of an LED structure to construct a PNP bipolar junction transistor comprising two back-to-back p-n junctions, saving the need for customized structures or epitaxial regrowth. Two designs of monolithic GaN LEBJTs have been demonstrated in this work—an LEBJT with a larger emitter area size for conversion of electronic to optical signal, as well as an LEBJT with reduced emitter area for boosting of current gain. Employing an emitter comprising an array of nanopillars patterned by nanosphere lithography, the LEBJT exhibits an average current gain of 20 and a bandwidth of 180 MHz.
Spectrality of a class of self-affine measures on

R2

*
Authors: Chen Ming-Liang , Liu Jing-Cheng , Wang Xiang-Yang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, we study the spectral property of a class of self-affine measures μ

M,D
on

R

2

generated by an expanding real matrix

M
=
diag

ρ

1

−
1

,

ρ

2

−
1

and a non-collinear integer digit set

D
=

{

(

0
,
0

)

t

,

(

α

1

,

α

2

)

t

,

(

β

1

,

β

2

)

t

}

with

α

i

−
2

β

i

∉
3
Z

, i = 1, 2. We give the sufficient and necessary conditions so that μ

M,D
becomes a spectral measure, i.e., there exists a countable subset

Λ
⊂

R

2

such that {e
2πi⟨λ,x⟩: λ ∈ Λ} forms an orthonormal basis for L
2(μ

M,D
). This extends the results of Dai, Fu and Yan (2021 Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal.
52 63–81) and Deng and Lau (2015 J. Funct. Anal.
269 1310–1326).
Applying Lambert problem to association of radar-measured orbit tracks of space objects
Authors: Liu Lei , Li Bin , Chen Jun-Yu , Lei Xiang-Xu , Zhao Guang-Yu , Sang Ji-Zhang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThousands of orbit tracks of space objects are collected by a radar each day, and many may be from uncatalogued objects. As such, it is an urgent demand to catalogue the uncatalogued objects, which requires to determine whether two or more un-correlated tracks (UCTs) are from the same object. This paper proposes to apply the Lambert problem to associate two radar-measured orbit tracks of LEO and HEO objects. A novel method of position correction is proposed to correct the secular and short periodic effects caused by theJ2perturbation, making the Lambert problem applicable to perturbed orbit tracks. After that, an orbit selection method based on the characteristics of residuals solves the multiple-revolution Lambert problem. Extensive experiments with simulated radar measurements of LEO and HEO objects are carried out to assess the performance of the proposed method. It is shown that the semi-major axis can be determined with an error less than 200 m from two tracks separated by 4 days. The true positive (TP) rates for associating two LEO tracks apart by less than 6 days are 94.2%. The TP rate is still at 73.1% even for two tracks apart by 8–9 days. The results demonstrate the strong applicability of the proposed method to associate radar measurements of uncatalogued objects.
Characterization of isotope effect on ion internal transport barrier and its parameter dependence in the Large Helical Device
Authors: Kobayashi T. , Takahashi H. , Nagaoka K. , Tanaka K. , Seki R. , Yamaguchi H. , Nakata M. , Sasaki M. , Yoshinuma M. , Ida K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the background physics of the isotope effects in the ion internal transport barrier (ITB) are discussed in detail. An heuristic criterion for the ITB strength is defined based on the nonlinear dependence of the ion thermal diffusivity on the local ion temperature in the L-mode phase. Comparing deuterium plasmas and hydrogen plasmas, two isotope effects on the ion ITB are clarified: stronger ITBs formed in the deuterium plasmas and an ITB concomitant edge confinement degradation in the hydrogen plasmas. Principal component analysis reveals that the ion ITB becomes strong when a high input power normalized by the line averaged electron density is applied and electron density profile is peaked. A gyrokinetic simulation suggests that the ITB profile is determined by the ion temperature gradient driven turbulence, while the way the profile saturates in L-mode plasmas is unknown. In the electron density turbulence behavior, a branch transition is observed, where the increasing trend in turbulence amplitude against the ITB strength is flipped to a decreasing trend across the ITB formation. The radial electric field structure is measured by the charge exchange recombination spectroscopy system. It is found that the radial electric field shear plays a minor role in determining the ITB strength.
Designing architectural materials: from granular form to functional granular material
Authors: Dierichs Karola , Menges Achim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Designed granular materials are a novel class of architectural material system. Following one of the key paradigms of designed matter, material form and material function are closely interrelated in these systems. In this context, the article aims to contribute a parametric particle design model as an interface for this interrelation. A granular material is understood as an aggregation of large numbers of individual particles between which only short-range repulsive contact forces are acting. Granular materials are highly pertinent material systems for architecture. Due to the fact that they can act both as a solid and a liquid, they can be recycled and reconfigured multiple times and are thus highly sustainable. Designed granular materials have the added potential that the function of the granular material can be calibrated through the definition of the particles’ form. Research on the design of granular materials in architecture is nascent. In physics they have been explored mainly with respect to different particle shapes. However, no coherent parametric particle design model of designed particle shapes for granular material systems in architecture has yet been established which considers both fabrication constraints and simulation requirements. The parametric particle design model proposed in this article has been based on a design system which has been developed through feasibility tests and simulations conducted in research and teaching. Based on this design system the parametric particle design model is developed integrating both fabrication constraints for architecture-scale particle systems and the geometric requirements of established simulation methods for granular materials. Initially the design system and related feasibility tests are presented. The parametric particle design model resulting from that is then described in detail. Directions of further research are discussed especially with respect to the integration of the parametric particle design model in ‘inverse’ design methods.
Investigation of Screw Compressors for Low Pressure Ratio Applications
Authors: Lu Y , Kovacevic A , Read M , Buckney D , Endo Y 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Screw compressors have been widely investigated for many applications including air and process gas compression, and refrigeration systems. There is however a surprising lack of literature for low pressure ratio application of these machines, defined here as application requiring volume ratios in the range of 1-1.5. The aim of this paper is to characterise the loss mechanisms for oil injected screw compressors with low volume index (defined as the ratio of maximum to minimum volumes during the internal compression process), V
i. This knowledge will be applied in the future to identify appropriate optimisation of rotor profiles and porting geometry for a range of low-pressure ratio applications. The current study involves the use of chamber models to investigate the influence of wrap angles and porting. This initial analysis will be developed in future work to allow a detailed parametric study of the factors that limit the performance of low V
i oil-injected screw compressors.
Reducing rotors clearance - a way to increase the performance of a screw compressor
Authors: Nitulescu M , Slujitoru C , Petrescu V , Silivestru V , Fetea G , Tomescu S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The screw compressors due to their constructive simplicity and the known advantages in operation is increasingly demanded on the market. Many companies are producing this type of compressor. The influence of leakages – conditioned by rotors clearances – on compressor performance is well known. The literature addresses the problem of coatings, but for dry compressors. Our intention is to apply this technology in the case of oil injected screw compressors (when the profile deviation is large or in the case of rotors with slight wear). Tests were performed to evaluate the performance of a screw compressor with uncoated rotors and performance of compressor assembled with coated rotors (both pairs of rotors have the same profile deviations – the profile accuracy measured is -8 ÷ -10 μm). The test aim to highlight only the influence of the coating layer – by reducing clearances – on the performance of the compressor, without performing further quality test of the coated layer. The quality of the coating process is the subject of additional research. We intend to use this technology for oil injected screw compressors both for new manufactured rotors (with large profile tolerances) and rotors with slight.