bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum corrections to generic branes: DBI, NLSM, and more
Authors: Goon Garrett , Melville Scott , Noller Johannes 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study quantum corrections to hypersurfaces of dimension d + 1 > 2 embedded in generic higher-dimensional spacetimes. Manifest covariance is maintained throughout the analysis and our methods are valid for arbitrary co-dimension and arbitrary bulk metric. A variety of theories which are prominent in the modern amplitude literature arise as special limits: the scalar sector of Dirac-Born-Infeld theories and their multi-field variants, as well as generic non-linear sigma models and extensions thereof. Our explicit one-loop results unite the leading corrections of all such models under a single umbrella. In contrast to naive computations which generate effective actions that appear to violate the non-linear symmetries of their classical counterparts, our efficient methods maintain manifest covariance at all stages and make the symmetry properties of the quantum action clear. We provide an explicit comparison between our compact construction and other approaches and demonstrate the ultimate physical equivalence between the superficially different results.
The generalized Bergshoeff-de Roo identification. Part II
Authors: Baron W. , Marques D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We recently introduced a T-duality covariant mechanism to compute all-order higher-derivative interactions in the heterotic string. Here we extend the formalism to account for a two-parameter family of corrections that also include the bosonic string and HSZ theory. We use our result to compute the full second order Double Field Theory (DFT) for generic values of the parameters, including the generalized Green-Schwarz transformation and its invariant action.
ASPECTS Interobserver Agreement of 100 Investigators from the TENSION Study
Authors: van Horn Noel , Kniep Helge , Broocks Gabriel , Meyer Lukas , Flottmann Fabian , Bechstein Matthias , Götz Julia , Thomalla Götz , Bendszus Martin , Bonekamp Susanne , Pfaff Johannes Alex Rolf , Dellani Paulo Roberto , Fiehler Jens , Hanning Uta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluating the extent of cerebral ischemic infarction is essential for treatment decisions and assessment of possible complications in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Patients are often triaged according to image-based early signs of infarction, defined by Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS). Our aim was to evaluate interrater reliability in a large group of readers.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 100 investigators who independently evaluated 20 non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans as part of their qualification program for the TENSION study. Test cases were chosen by four neuroradiologists who had previously scored NCCT scans with ASPECTS between 0 and 8 and high interrater agreement. Percent and interrater agreements were calculated for total ASPECTS, as well as for each ASPECTS region.

Results
Percent agreements for ASPECTS ratings was 28%, with interrater agreement of 0.13 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.09–0.16), at zero tolerance allowance and 66%, with interrater agreement of 0.32 (95% CI: 0.21–0.44), at tolerance allowance set by TENSION inclusion criteria. ASPECTS region with highest level of agreement was the insular cortex (percent agreement = 96%, interrater agreement = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94–0.97)) and with lowest level of agreement the M3 region (percent agreement = 68%, interrater agreement = 0.39 [95% CI: 0.17–0.61]).

Conclusion
Interrater agreement reliability for total ASPECTS and study enrollment was relatively low but seems sufficient for practical application. Individual region analysis suggests that some are particularly difficult to evaluate, with varying levels of reliability. Potential impairment of the supraganglionic region must be examined carefully, particularly with respect to the decision whether or not to perform mechanical thrombectomy.
Essential work of fracture assessment of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) processed via fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing
Authors: Verma Pawan , Ubaid Jabir , Schiffer Andreas , Jain Atul , Martínez-Pañeda Emilio , Kumar S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExperiments and finite element (FE) calculations were performed to study the raster angle–dependent fracture behaviour of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic processed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM). The fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS were characterized based on the concept of essential work of fracture (EWF), utilizing double-edge-notched tension (DENT) specimens considering rectilinear infill patterns with different raster angles (0°, 90° and + 45/− 45°). The measurements showed that the resistance to fracture initiation of 3D-printed ABS specimens is substantially higher for the printing direction perpendicular to the crack plane (0° raster angle) as compared to that of the samples wherein the printing direction is parallel to the crack (90° raster angle), reporting EWF values of 7.24 kJ m−2 and 3.61 kJ m−2, respectively. A relatively high EWF value was also reported for the specimens with + 45/− 45° raster angle (7.40 kJ m−2). Strain field analysis performed via digital image correlation showed that connected plastic zones existed in the ligaments of the DENT specimens prior to the onset of fracture, and this was corroborated by SEM fractography which showed that fracture proceeded by a ductile mechanism involving void growth and coalescence followed by drawing and ductile tearing of fibrils. It was further shown that the raster angle–dependent strength and fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy by a relatively simple FE model considering the anisotropic elasticity and failure properties of FFF specimens. The findings of this study offer guidelines for fracture-resistant design of AM-enabled thermoplastics.
Graphical abstract
Quantitative classification of carbonate aquifers based on hydrodynamic behaviour
Authors: Kovács Attila 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA quantitative classification of carbonate aquifers based on hydrodynamic behaviour is introduced. This type of classification is necessary to understand the physical functioning of carbonate hydrogeological systems and to provide a realistic interpretation of field data. Carbonate aquifers are generally considered as karst systems; however, geomorphology and aquifer geology alone are insufficient for determining hydrodynamic behaviour. Analysis of spring and well hydrographs based on analytical solutions is applied to establishing a quantitative classification. A base-flow recession coefficient is used as an indicator of hydrodynamic behaviour. Detailed numerical analyses suggest that carbonate systems can be classified into two distinct groups based on hydrodynamic behaviour. The physical processes depend on a combination of hydraulic and geometric parameters, and their functional relationships can be quantitatively determined. The proposed classification methodology involves making an assumption about aquifer type, estimating aquifer properties from hydrograph data, and comparing the results with field observations. The proposed classification methodology was applied to aquifers representing the two groups of carbonate systems. In both cases, the applied methods revealed crucial information about hydrodynamic functioning of the investigated systems. While the studied limestone aquifer showed karstic hydrodynamic behaviour, the investigation of a dolomite aquifer disproves a priori assumptions on karstic flow conditions. Dolomite aquifers represent an ambiguous group of carbonates and require caution in the selection of investigation tools and interpretation of hydrogeological data. The introduced methodology provides a reliable means of determining the hydrodynamic functioning of an aquifer and supports the quantitative classification of carbonate hydrogeological systems.
Image distortion correction for MRI in low field permanent magnet systems with strong B0 inhomogeneity and gradient field nonlinearities
Authors: Koolstra Kirsten , O’Reilly Thomas , Börnert Peter , Webb Andrew 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
To correct for image distortions produced by standard Fourier reconstruction techniques on low field permanent magnet MRI systems with strong $${B}_{0}$$

B
0

inhomogeneity and gradient field nonlinearities.

Materials and methods
Conventional image distortion correction algorithms require accurate $${\Delta B}_{0}$$

Δ
B

0

maps which are not possible to acquire directly when the $${B}_{0}$$

B
0

inhomogeneities also produce significant image distortions. Here we use a readout gradient time-shift in a TSE sequence to encode the $${B}_{0}$$

B
0

field inhomogeneities in the k-space signals. Using a non-shifted and a shifted acquisition as input, $$\Delta {B}_{0}$$

Δ

B
0

maps and images were reconstructed in an iterative manner. In each iteration, $$\Delta {B}_{0}$$

Δ

B
0

maps were reconstructed from the phase difference using Tikhonov regularization, while images were reconstructed using either conjugate phase reconstruction (CPR) or model-based (MB) image reconstruction, taking the reconstructed field map into account. MB reconstructions were, furthermore, combined with compressed sensing (CS) to show the flexibility of this approach towards undersampling. These methods were compared to the standard fast Fourier transform (FFT) image reconstruction approach in simulations and measurements. Distortions due to gradient nonlinearities were corrected in CPR and MB using simulated gradient maps.

Results
Simulation results show that for moderate field inhomogeneities and gradient nonlinearities, $$\Delta {B}_{0}$$

Δ

B
0

maps and images reconstructed using iterative CPR result in comparable quality to that for iterative MB reconstructions. However, for stronger inhomogeneities, iterative MB reconstruction outperforms iterative CPR in terms of signal intensity correction. Combining MB with CS, similar image and $$\Delta {B}_{0}$$

Δ

B
0

map quality can be obtained without a scan time penalty. These findings were confirmed by experimental results.

Discussion
In case of $${B}_{0}$$

B
0

inhomogeneities in the order of kHz, iterative MB reconstructions can help to improve both image quality and $$\Delta {B}_{0}$$

Δ

B
0

map estimation.
Improving the resilience of existing built assets to earthquake induced liquefaction disaster events
Authors: Jones Keith G. , Morga Mariantonietta , Wanigarathna Nadeeshani , Pascale Federica , Meslem Abdelghani 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLIQUEFACT was a EU H2020 funded project to investigate earthquake induced liquefaction potential across Europe and develop a series of tools to understand better the impacts that earthquake induced liquefaction disaster events have on the resilience of built assets and communities. A resilience assessment and improvement framework was developed to provide the theoretical underpinning for the LIQUEFACT project and to provide practical guidance on the assessment of built assets to Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Disaster events through the LIQUEFACT software tool and built asset management planning framework. This paper outlines the theoretical basis to the resilience assessment and improvement framework and built asset management planning framework and presents the results from a validation exercise through their application to a hypothetical healthcare scenario. The paper also describes the different stages of the research that led to the definition of the resilience assessment and improvement framework and built asset management planning framework. To this end the paper concludes that the resilience assessment and improvement framework and built asset management framework provide a longitudinal, holistic view of disaster vulnerability and resilience that can inform the selection of ground improvement mitigation actions to improve business continuity and resilience planning.
Criminalisation of migration for domestic work from Myanmar to Singapore—need for a radical policy shift
Authors: Deshingkar Priya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBetween 2014 and April 2019, the government of Myanmar banned international migration for domestic work to Singapore and criminalised the brokering of such migration as well as predeparture training and placement of migrants as domestic workers in Singapore. These measures were taken in response to concerns over the alleged abuse of migrant women as well as international pressures to eliminate trafficking and debt bondage. Experienced brokers and recruitment agencies who were trading openly up until then were forced to cease operations. At the same time, large numbers of inexperienced and uncouth recruitment agencies emerged to take advantage of the black economy created by the ban. This resulted in women migrating irregularly from Myanmar to Singapore being exposed to greater risks which the paper traces. Four discernible impacts of the ban on the recruitment practices and working conditions faced by migrant women from Myanmar before departure and after arriving in Singapore were identified: a sharp increase in migration and placement costs, inadequate predeparture training, placement in forced labour conditions with extended and unclear repayment periods and no access to support from the Myanmar government while in Singapore. Although the ban has since been lifted, the resulting migration system had placed workers in conditions of extreme exploitation with little recourse to justice or having their voices heard. The paper ends by summarizing the unanticipated negative consequences of the criminalisation of migration brokerage in Myanmar and lessons for other countries that may be considering controls on female migration.
Fuzzy set theory driven maintenance sustainability performance assessment model: a multiple criteria approach
Authors: Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek Małgorzata , Żywica Patryk , Gola Arkadiusz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring the last five decades, manufacturing has radically changed not only due to the technology development but also because of the new market and environmental requirements. Nowadays, companies are focused not only on cost-reduction and effectiveness or realized processes but also on reducing the negative impact on natural and social environment. Therefore, the maintenance is also transforming its role in order to better support value creation, both contributing to the economic dimension as well as extending its care for the environmental and social aspects. The paper presents a new method to solve the problem of the initial maintenance indicator merge into a new synthetic index that allows measuring the level of maintenance sustainability. The proposed approach allows to look at the process of combining indicators from a different perspective (i.e. through interactions between criteria) to help decision-makers in improving economic, social and environmental results of maintenance system. To justify effectiveness of proposed approach, it was applied to Composite Maintenance Sustainability Indicator, which was therefore generalized and expanded, so that it could be used in decision support system. The included case study shows the real benefit of using the proposed approach to analyse the actual results of maintenance system from sustainability point of view and forecasting future actions.
Assessing Available Water Content of Sandy Soils to Support Drought Monitoring and Agricultural Water Management
Authors: Ladányi Zsuzsanna , Barta Károly , Blanka Viktória , Pálffy Benjámin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the future, according to regional climate-model simulations, the Carpathian Basin (in Central Europe) is predicted to be exposed to intensifying weather extremes that will exert a growing pressure on water resources. In recent past decades, water already has become a significant limiting factor for the natural environment and many agro-economic sectors in the southern Carpathian Basin. Therefore, there are increasing attempts to develop monitoring systems to detect water stress. In this study, changes in soil moisture conditions were monitored within two Arenosol profiles of extreme water balance during years characterised by different hydrologic conditions and under the impact of irrigation in the Great Hungarian Plain. Hourly data series of hydrometeorological parameters and soil moisture from six different soil depths during 2014–2018 were provided by on-site monitoring stations; humus, carbonate content, porosity, field capacity and wilting point were measured in the laboratory. On the basis of the newly definied so-called ‘available water percent’ (AW%) and a developed classification method, the rate, time and duration of water-shortage periods were evaluated for the years 2014–2018. The results show that drought monitoring cannot be effective without investigation of soil moisture content. Detailed analysis of available water percentage (AW%) can be used for real-time drought monitoring and as a precise indicator of the evolution of drought. This can help us prevent and manage damage from drought, and it is extremely important for agriculture.
Kulturelle Dimensionen des professionellen Handelns – eine empirische Rekonstruktion der Orientierungen von Lehramtsstudierenden
Authors: Timm Susanne 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungLehrkräfte sind als Kulturgeprägte kulturprägend tätig. Weit jenseits dessen, dass sie explizit über die Vermittlung kulturbezogener Wissensbestände und kultureller Techniken in Kultur einführen, ist ihr Handeln implizit kulturbezogenes Vermittlungshandeln, das habituell geprägt ist. In dieser Studie steht die Frage im Mittelpunkt, welches implizite Wissen für die kulturelle Dimension professionellen Handelns für Lehramtsstudierende handlungsleitend ist. Angesichts der langfristigen Ausprägungen habitueller Konstitutionen und angesichts von Anforderungen an die Professionalität von Lehrkräften in einer kulturell diversen Gesellschaft wurde untersucht, welche Orientierungen hinsichtlich von Kulturalität und damit einhergehenden Vorstellungen zu den impliziten Anforderungen an Lehren Lehramtsstudierende im Studium ausprägen. Diese Frage wurde im rekonstruktiven Paradigma in einer qualitativen Studie mit Hilfe von Gruppendiskussionen und einer abduktiven Typenbildung bearbeitet. An mehreren der idealtypisch gewonnen Orientierungstypen zeigt sich, dass dominante Deutungen der Mehrheitskultur handlungsleitend sind und zumeist in unreflektierten Wiederholungen zur Geltung kommen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Anregungen und Herausforderung für die Ausbildung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern sowie für die weitere Lehrerbildungsforschung formuliert.
Investigation of Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Laser Beam Welded and Post-weld Heat Treated DP1400 Steel
Authors: Sisodia Raghawendra P. S. , Gáspár Marcell 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of autogenous diode laser beam welding (LBW) and the influence of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on microstructural changes and mechanical properties of dual phase DP1400 high strength steel (HSS) butt welded joint are studied and presented. LBW and PWHT were performed on 1 mm sheet thickness using 3 and 5 kW diode laser systems, respectively. The technology ensures high quality welded joints in HSS and facilitate the welding and PWHT by same process and equipment. Microstructure evaluation was performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Related to the mechanical properties, tensile tests, fractography of fractured tensile specimens and three-point bending tests were carried out. The microstructural examination presented the constituents of martensite and ferrite in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and fusion zone (FZ) consists of predominantly lath martensite with ferrite and some bainite. Tempered martensite was observed after PWHT in HAZ and FZ. The hardening peaks observed in coarse-grained and fine-grained subzones were significantly reduced by the novelty technology, i.e. PWHT and thereby cold cracking sensitivity. The fractography of the fractured tensile specimens showed characteristic features of ductile failure.
This Wasn’t a Split-Second Decision”: An Empirical Ethical Analysis of Transgender Youth Capacity, Rights, and Authority to Consent to Hormone Therapy
Authors: Clark Beth A. , Virani Alice 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInherent in providing healthcare for youth lie tensions among best interests, decision-making capacity, rights, and legal authority. Transgender (trans) youth experience barriers to needed gender-affirming care, often rooted in ethical and legal issues, such as healthcare provider concerns regarding youth capacity and rights to consent to hormone therapy. Even when decision-making capacity is present, youth may lack the legal authority to give consent. The aims of this paper are therefore to provide an empirical analysis of minor trans youth capacity to consent to hormone therapy and to address the normative question of whether there is ethical justification for granting trans youth the authority to consent to this care. Through qualitative content analysis of interviews with trans youth, parents, and healthcare providers, we found that trans youth demonstrated the understandings and abilities characteristic of the capacity to consent to hormone therapy and that they did consent to hormone therapy with positive outcomes. Employing deontological and consequentialist reasoning and drawing on a foundation of empirical evidence, human rights, and best interests we conclude that granting trans youth with decisional capacity both the right and the legal authority to consent to hormone therapy via the informed consent model of care is ethically justified.
Deep venous thrombosis and abortion: an unusual clinical manifestation of severe form of pectus excavatum
Authors: Bianco M. , Mantovani S. , D’Agostino F. G. , Bassi M. , Amore D. , Cagnetti S. , Mottola E. , Vannucci J. , Venuta F. , Anile M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPectus excavatum is a chest wall malformation with a strong psychological and aesthetic impact. Rarely, pectus excavatum patients can show respiratory or cardiac symptoms occurring mainly during physical exertion. We report a case of a 34-year-old pregnant woman with a severe degree of pectus excavatum who developed serious cardiovascular disease resulting in spontaneous twin abortion at the twenty-first week of gestation. Cardiovascular disease was resolved after open surgical correction of pectus excavatum. This case shows how a tardive diagnosis and a delayed surgical approach for pectus excavatum can lead to severe consequences.
Total Differentiability and Monogenicity for Functions in Algebras of Order 4
Authors: Sabadini I. , Struppa D. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper we discuss some notions of analyticity in associative algebras with unit. We also recall some basic tool in algebraic analysis and we use them to study the properties of analytic functions in two algebras of dimension four that played a relevant role in some work of the Italian school, but that have never been fully investigated.