bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting-state connectivity subtype of comorbid PTSD and alcohol use disorder moderates improvement from integrated prolonged exposure therapy in Veterans
Authors: Stout Daniel M. , Harlé Katia M. , Norman Sonya B. , Simmons Alan N. , Spadoni Andrea D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are highly comorbid and are associated with significant functional impairment and inconsistent treatment outcomes. Data-driven subtyping of this clinically heterogeneous patient population and the associated underlying neural mechanisms are highly needed to identify who will benefit from psychotherapy.

Methods
In 53 comorbid PTSD/AUD patients, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was collected prior to undergoing individual psychotherapy. We used a data-driven approach to subgroup patients based on directed connectivity profiles. Connectivity subgroups were compared on clinical measures of PTSD severity and heavy alcohol use collected at pre- and post-treatment.

Results
We identified a subgroup of patients associated with improvement in PTSD symptoms from integrated-prolonged exposure therapy. This subgroup was characterized by lower insula to inferior parietal cortex (IPC) connectivity, higher pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) to posterior midcingulate cortex connectivity and a unique pgACC to IPC path. We did not observe any connectivity subgroup that uniquely benefited from integrated-coping skills or subgroups associated with change in alcohol consumption.

Conclusions
Data-driven approaches to characterize PTSD/AUD subtypes have the potential to identify brain network profiles that are implicated in the benefit from psychological interventions – setting the stage for future research that targets these brain circuit communication patterns to boost treatment efficacy.
SARS-CoV-2 mutations: the biological trackway towards viral fitness
Authors: Majumdar Parinita , Niyogi Sougata 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The outbreak of pneumonia-like respiratory disorder at China and its rapid transmission world-wide resulted in public health emergency, which brought lineage B betacoronaviridae SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) into spotlight. The fairly high mutation rate, frequent recombination and interspecies transmission in betacoronaviridae are largely responsible for their temporal changes in infectivity and virulence. Investigation of global SARS-CoV-2 genotypes revealed considerable mutations in structural, non-structural, accessory proteins as well as untranslated regions. Among the various types of mutations, single-nucleotide substitutions are the predominant ones. In addition, insertion, deletion and frame-shift mutations are also reported, albeit at a lower frequency. Among the structural proteins, spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein accumulated a larger number of mutations whereas envelope and membrane proteins are mostly conserved. Spike protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase variants, D614G and P323L in combination became dominant world-wide. Divergent genetic variants created serious challenge towards the development of therapeutics and vaccines. This review will consolidate mutations in different SARS-CoV-2 proteins and their implications on viral fitness.
Nutrition across the curriculum: a scoping review exploring the integration of nutrition education within primary schools
Authors: Follong Berit M. , Verdonschot Angeliek , Prieto-Rodriguez Elena , Miller Andrew , Collins Clare E. , Bucher Tamara 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrimary schools contribute to promoting healthy eating behaviour and preventing overweight and obesity by providing nutrition education. Research highlights the importance of improving teachers’ programme implementation to enhance intervention effectiveness. An integrative approach has been suggested to reduce time barriers that teachers currently experience in teaching nutrition. This scoping review explores use and effectiveness of integrative teaching in primary-school-based nutrition education programmes. Six databases were searched for primary-school-based interventions on nutrition education. Papers reporting on integration of nutrition topics within core curriculum were included. Abstracts and full texts of potentially relevant articles were screened to determine eligibility. Next, data were extracted and tabulated. Findings were collated and summarised to describe intervention characteristics, subject integration and effectiveness of the included programmes. Data describing integration of nutrition into the primary school curriculum were extracted from 39 eligible papers. Nutrition education programmes often involve lessons about food groups and are frequently embedded within the mathematics, science or literacy syllabus. Although articles report on the integration of nutrition, the use of this approach was not commonly described in detail. Only seven papers discussed student outcomes related to the integration of nutrition education within core subjects. The ability to draw strong conclusions about school-based nutrition intervention effectiveness is limited by the current lack of programme description and methodological issues. Hence, more research is warranted to inform evidence on effectiveness of integrative nutrition education for both teacher and student outcomes. Future studies that include greater detail regarding the integrative approach are needed.
A 6-week healthy eating intervention with family engagement improves food knowledge and preferences but not dietary diversity among urban preschool children in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sirasa Fathima , Mitchell Lana , Azhar Aslan , Chandrasekara Anoma , Harris Neil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention (MCI) on children’s dietary diversity and its impact pathway components of children’s food knowledge and healthy food preferences.Design:A 6-week cluster randomised controlled trial with a MCI consisting of child nutrition education plus family engagement through parental nutrition education, meal preparation and tasting was compared with two groups: single component intervention (SCI) of child nutrition education, and control, conducted during February to July 2018. Preschool centres were randomly assigned to one of the three arms. Children’s food knowledge, healthy food preferences and dietary diversity scores were collected. Intervention effects were analysed using a pre-post analysis and a difference-in-difference model.Setting:Fourteen preschool centres in an urban area of Kurunegala, Sri Lanka.Participants:Child–parent dyads of children aged 4–6 years. Final analyses included 306 (for food knowledge and preferences) and 258 (for dietary diversity) dyads.Results:MCI significantly influenced the impact pathways to children’s dietary diversity by increasing children’s food knowledge and healthy food preferences scores by 3·76 and 2·79 (P < 0·001), respectively, but not the dietary diversity score (P = 0·603), compared with the control arm. Relative to SCI, MCI significantly improved children’s food knowledge score by 1·10 (P < 0·001), but no significant effects were noted for other outcome variables.Conclusions:Improved food knowledge and preferences require a positive food environment and time to develop into healthy eating behaviours. Research into dietary diversity should broaden to incorporate the contextual roles of the home and general food environments to more completely understand food choices of children.
The Effect of Storm Direction on Flood Frequency Analysis
Authors: Perez G. , Gomez‐Velez J. D. , Mantilla R. , Wright D. B. , Li Z. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStorm direction modulates a hydrograph's magnitude and duration, thus having a potentially large effect on local flood risk. However, how changes in the preferential storm direction affect the probability distribution of peak flows remains unknown. We address this question with a novel Monte Carlo approach where stochastically transposed storms drive hydrologic simulations over medium and mesoscale watersheds in the Midwestern United States. Systematic rotations of these watersheds are used to emulate changes in the preferential storm direction. We found that the peak flow distribution impacts are scale‐dependent, with larger changes observed in the mesoscale watershed than in the medium‐scale watershed. We attribute this to the high diversity of storm patterns and the storms' scale relative to watershed size. This study highlights the potential of the proposed stochastic framework to address fundamental questions about hydrologic extremes when our ability to observe these events in nature is hindered by technical constraints and short time records.
Mean and Seasonal Circulation of the Eastern Chukchi Sea From Moored Timeseries in 2013–2014
Authors: Tian Fei , Pickart Robert S. , Lin Peigen , Pacini Astrid , Moore G. W. K. , Stabeno Phyllis , Weingartner Thomas , Itoh Motoyo , Kikuchi Takashi , Dobbins Elizabeth , Bell Shaun , Woodgate Rebecca A. , Danielson Seth L. , Wang Zhaomin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFrom late‐summer 2013 to late‐summer 2014, a total of 20 moorings were maintained on the eastern Chukchi Sea shelf as part of five independent field programs. This provided the opportunity to analyze an extensive set of timeseries to obtain a broad view of the mean and seasonally varying hydrography and circulation over the course of the year. Year‐long mean bottom temperatures reflected the presence of the strong coastal circulation pathway, while mean bottom salinities were influenced by polynya/lead activity along the coast. The timing of the warm water appearance in spring/summer is linked to advection along the various flow pathways. The timing of the cold water appearance in fall/winter was not reflective of advection nor related to the time of freeze‐up. Near the latitude of Barrow Canyon, the cold water was accompanied by freshening. A one‐dimensional mixed‐layer model demonstrates that wind mixing, due to synoptic storms, overturns the water column resulting in the appearance of the cold water. The loitering pack ice in the region, together with warm southerly winds, melted ice and provided an intermittent source of fresh water that was mixed to depth according to the model. Farther north, the ambient stratification prohibits wind‐driven overturning, hence the cold water arrives from the south. The circulation during the warm and cold months of the year is different in both strength and pattern. Our study highlights the multitude of factors involved in setting the seasonal cycle of hydrography and circulation on the Chukchi shelf.
Case Studies on Concentric Gravity Waves Source Using Lightning Flash Rate, Brightness Temperature and Backward Ray Tracing at São Martinho da Serra (29.44°S, 53.82°W)
Authors: Nyassor P. K. , Wrasse C. M. , Gobbi D. , Paulino I. , Vadas S. L. , Naccarato K. P. , Takahashi H. , Bageston J. V. , Figueiredo C. A. O. B. , Barros D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe relate the spatial and temporal distribution of lightning flash rates and cloud top brightness temperature (CTBT) to concentric atmospheric gravity wave (CGW) events observed at the Southern Space Observatory (SSO) in São Martinho da Serra (29.44°S, 53.82°W, 488.7 m) in southern Brazil. The selected identified cases from 2017 to 2018 were observed by a hydroxyl (OH) all‐sky imager. Backward ray tracing shows that the time of gravity wave excitation agrees with the highest values of lightning flash rates (indicating lightning jump) as well as the coldest brightness temperatures that indicate the time of convective overshoot. Radiosonde measurements show high convective available potential energy (CAPE), associated with a maximum updraft velocity just prior to the wave events. We find that these possible source locations correspond to the positions and times that convective plumes overshot the tropopause (seen in GOES‐16 CTBT images). We also show that higher spatial lightning density (i.e., number of lightning flashes at a given longitude and latitude) agree with the overshoot locations from the GOES satellite. We also find that the overshoot times from the GOES‐16 satellite agree with the times lightning jumps were observed in the lightning flash rate. Finally, we find that the periodicities in the lightning flash rate agree with the periods of the observed CGWs, which further strengthens the result that the CGWs were excited by the deep convective systems determined from backward ray tracing.
The Second Rainy Stage Onset in the Central Highlands of Vietnam
Authors: Bui‐Manh Hai , Peng Chi‐Ming , Fu Yen‐Ta , Dinh Duc‐Tu , Lin Neng‐Huei , Yen Ming‐Cheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo distinct rainfall stages over the Central Highlands (CH) of Vietnam during the rainy season have been objectively defined using the high‐resolution Vietnam Gridded Precipitation data set for 1983–2010 (28 years): a second rainy stage (SRS) embedded in the conventional rainy season. Surprisingly, the pronounced interannual variation in the SRS onset date has led to three apparent regimes: an early (late) SRS with a 1 month longer (shorter) rainfall period occurring in early July (until mid‐August) and a normal SRS starting in late July. Almost all the early SRS years occur during El Niño developing phases, particularly during the Niño3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) increase from January through December. Water vapor budget analyses reveal that the interannual variation in the divergent water vapor flux is in response to the warmer July tropical Pacific SST anomalies, resulting in rainfall enhancement over the CH and eventually inducing early SRS onset.
Atmospheric Boundary Layer—Free Troposphere Air Exchange in the North China Plain and its Impact on PM2.5 Pollution
Authors: Jin Xipeng , Cai Xuhui , Huang Qianqian , Wang Xuesong , Song Yu , Zhu Tong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study presents the first climatology of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)—free troposphere (FT) exchange during wintertime in a region covering the North China Plain (NCP) and further discusses its impact on PM2.5 pollution. The exchange flux is calculated based on a mass budget equation using the simulated meteorological field from 2013 to 2019. The mean ABL‐FT exchange is well related to topography and sea‐land distribution, manifesting as strong downward flux over the western/northwestern mountains, moderate exchange along the eastern coastline, and small upward flux over the NCP. Eight weather types are classified to analyze the synoptic influence on ABL‐FT exchange. Strong exchanges exist under the types of “low pressure trough,” “cold front,” and “high pressure” (about 63% of total days), characterized by the downward spatial mean flux of 0.019–0.026 kg m−2 s−1 over the whole research domain. But over the plain area, upward transport is dominant with the air flux from 0.004 to 0.013 kg m−2 s−1 under the first two weather types (about 32% of total days), corresponding to PM2.5 fluxes estimated in the range 0.30–0.54 μg m−2 s−1. This indicates the NCP being an effective pollution source for long‐range transport. We also find that weather types with large downward flux and straightforward winds can refresh the underneath ABL air in about 6 h, which explains the dispersion of air pollution. A typical pollution case illustrates convergence and uplift to the FT of the pollutants in the NCP and the possible influence on downstream air quality.
Overexpression of translationally controlled tumor protein ameliorates metabolic imbalance and increases energy expenditure in mice
Authors: Jeon Yejin , Choi Ji-Young , Jang Eun-Hwa , Seong Je Kyung , Lee Kyunglim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) exhibits numerous biological functions. It has been shown to be involved in the regulation of glucose. However, its specific role in metabolism has not yet been clearly elucidated. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of TCTP overexpression on metabolic tissues and systemic energy metabolism.

Subjects/Methods
We investigated whether TCTP can ameliorate the metabolic imbalance that causes obesity using TCTP-overexpressing transgenic (TCTP TG) mice. The mice were subjected to biochemical, morphological, physiological and protein expression studies to define the role of TCTP in metabolic regulation in response to normal chow diet (NCD) compared to high-fat diet (HFD) conditions, and cold environment.

Results
We found that TCTP TG mice show improved metabolic homeostasis under both of NCD and HFD conditions with simultaneous enhancements in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In particular, we found coincident increases in energy expenditure with significant upregulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). Moreover, TCTP overexpressing mice exhibit significantly enhanced adaptive thermogenesis of BAT in response to cold exposure.

Conclusions
Overexpression of TCTP ameliorated systemic metabolic homeostasis by stimulating UCP1-mediated thermogenesis in the BAT. This suggests that TCTP may function as a modulator of energy expenditure. This study suggests TCTP may serve as a therapeutic target for obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes.
CCL5 promotion of bioenergy metabolism is crucial for hippocampal synapse complex and memory formation
Authors: Ajoy Reni , Lo Yu-Chun , Ho Man-Hau , Chen You-Yin , Wang Yun , Chen Yuan-Hao , Jing-Yuan Chiu , Changou Chun Austin , Hsiung Yuan-Chin , Chen Hui-Min , Chang Tzu-Hao , Lee Cheng-Yang , Chiang Yung-Hsiao , Chang Wen-Chang , Hoffer Barry , Chou Szu-Yi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlucoregulatory efficiency and ATP production are key regulators for neuronal plasticity and memory formation. Besides its chemotactic and neuroinflammatory functions, the CC chemokine––CCL5 displays neurotrophic activity. We found impaired learning-memory and cognition in CCL5-knockout mice at 4 months of age correlated with reduced hippocampal long-term potentiation and impaired synapse structure. Re-expressing CCL5 in knockout mouse hippocampus restored synaptic protein expression, neuronal connectivity and cognitive function. Using metabolomics coupled with FDG-PET imaging and seahorse analysis, we found that CCL5 participates in hippocampal fructose and mannose degradation, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis as well as glutamate and purine metabolism. CCL5 additionally supports mitochondrial structural integrity, purine synthesis, ATP generation, and subsequent aerobic glucose metabolism. Overexpressing CCL5 in WT mice also enhanced memory-cognition performance as well as hippocampal neuronal activity and connectivity through promotion of de novo purine and glutamate metabolism. Thus, CCL5 actions on glucose aerobic metabolism are critical for mitochondrial function which contribute to hippocampal spine and synapse formation, improving learning and memory.
Cytosolic DNA sensing by cGAS: regulation, function, and human diseases
Authors: Yu Le , Liu Pengda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSensing invasive cytosolic DNA is an integral component of innate immunity. cGAS was identified in 2013 as the major cytosolic DNA sensor that binds dsDNA to catalyze the synthesis of a special asymmetric cyclic-dinucleotide, 2′3′-cGAMP, as the secondary messenger to bind and activate STING for subsequent production of type I interferons and other immune-modulatory genes. Hyperactivation of cGAS signaling contributes to autoimmune diseases but serves as an adjuvant for anticancer immune therapy. On the other hand, inactivation of cGAS signaling causes deficiency to sense and clear the viral and bacterial infection and creates a tumor-prone immune microenvironment to facilitate tumor evasion of immune surveillance. Thus, cGAS activation is tightly controlled. In this review, we summarize up-to-date multilayers of regulatory mechanisms governing cGAS activation, including cGAS pre- and post-translational regulations, cGAS-binding proteins, and additional cGAS regulators such as ions and small molecules. We will also reveal the pathophysiological function of cGAS and its product cGAMP in human diseases. We hope to provide an up-to-date review for recent research advances of cGAS biology and cGAS-targeted therapies for human diseases.
Evaluation of the Manchester COVID-19 Urgent Eyecare Service (CUES)
Authors: Kanabar Rahul , Craven Wendy , Wilson Helen , Rietdyke Rebecca , Dhawahir-Scala Felipe , Jinkinson Matthew , Newman William D. , Harper Robert A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Pressure on capacity in ophthalmology alongside the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to the development of the COVID-19 Urgent Eyecare Service (CUES), allowing patients to receive a prompt ophthalmic consultation, including remotely. The aim of this study was to conduct a service evaluation of CUES in Manchester.

Methods
Data were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from both primary and secondary care over an 8-week period from June to August 2020.

Results
In primary care CUES in Greater Manchester (GM) 2461 patients were assessed, with a majority self-referring to the service (68.7%, n = 1844). 91.7% of cases initially screened for CUES were deemed eligible and given a telemedicine appointment in GM; 53.3% of these cases required face-to-face consultation. 14.3% of cases seen within in GM CUES (351 out of 2461) were provisionally referred to secondary care. Contemporaneously the main provider emergency eyecare department (EED) attendances were reduced by 37.7% per month between April and December 2020 inclusive, compared to the same months in 2019. Patients attending a CUES face-to-face assessment were more likely to have a diagnosis in agreement with secondary care, compared to patients referred in from telemedicine assessment only (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
This evaluation of CUES demonstrates a high level of primary care activity alongside a sustained reduction in EED cases. The case-mix of patients seen within EED following referral appears to be of a less benign nature than those cases seen prior to the introduction of CUES.
A SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) biological network to find targets for drug repurposing
Authors: Habibi Mahnaz , Taheri Golnaz , Aghdam Rosa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus needs a fast recognition of effective drugs to save lives. In the COVID-19 situation, finding targets for drug repurposing can be an effective way to present new fast treatments. We have designed a two-step solution to address this approach. In the first step, we identify essential proteins from virus targets or their associated modules in human cells as possible drug target candidates. For this purpose, we apply two different algorithms to detect some candidate sets of proteins with a minimum size that drive a significant disruption in the COVID-19 related biological networks. We evaluate the resulted candidate proteins sets with three groups of drugs namely Covid-Drug, Clinical-Drug, and All-Drug. The obtained candidate proteins sets approve 16 drugs out of 18 in the Covid-Drug, 273 drugs out of 328 in the Clinical-Drug, and a large number of drugs in the All-Drug. In the second step, we study COVID-19 associated proteins sets and recognize proteins that are essential to disease pathology. This analysis is performed using DAVID to show and compare essential proteins that are contributed between the COVID-19 comorbidities. Our results for shared proteins show significant enrichment for cardiovascular-related, hypertension, diabetes type 2, kidney-related and lung-related diseases.