bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic phase separation induced non-volatile bi-polar resistive switching in spatially confined manganite microbridges
Authors: Jeon J , Jung J , Chow K H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Correlated manganite films exhibit functional transport properties due to the co-existence of the competing electronic phase domains which are energetically similar. Here, we investigate very large bi-polar resistive switching (RS) in spatially confined La0.3Pr0.4Ca0.3MnO3 films. In this system, non-volatile bi-polar RS (up to ∼2× 106%) takes place via electric field induced expansion/shrinkage of metallic phase domains, which are separated by an insulating phase domain. These effects are observed without the need of a pre-forming process. We suggest the modification of a memristor model for phase separated systems to explain the observed non-volatile bi-polar I–V characteristics. Investigations of the endurance of the RS over many switching cycles (more than 2.7 × 104 switching) show that it does not decay and full switching occurs with a high success rate. Furthermore, the ability to carry out switching between a number of distinct resistance levels is demonstrated.
Improvement of the floating probe method for ion density and electron temperature measurement without compensation due to voltage reduction across the sheath
Authors: Lee Moo-Young , Seo Jong-In , Eo Hyundong , Kim Tae-Woo , Jung Jiwon , Lim Yeong-Min , Chung Chin-Wook 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The floating probe method (FPM) applicable for processing plasma diagnostics was developed for the measurement of ion density and electron temperature (J. Appl. Phys. 101 033305). When an AC voltage is applied to a floating probe, harmonic currents are generated due to the nonlinearity of the sheath. The electron temperature and ion density are obtained using the harmonic currents and the voltage across the sheath. However, in the FPM, when the sensing resistance becomes similar to the sheath resistance, iterative calculations must be performed to compensate for the voltage reduction across the sheath due to the sensing resistor. In this paper, the voltage across a DC blocking capacitor is measured to directly obtain the voltage across the sheath. Therefore, it is not necessary to compensate for the voltage reduction across the sheath through iterative calculations. The electron temperature was increasingly overestimated as the capacity of the DC blocking capacitor became smaller. This overestimation was caused by the capacitive load effect and was compensated for using a correction for the second harmonic current. The measured electron temperature and ion density were compared with those from electron energy distribution functions (EEDFs) in an inductively coupled plasma, and they were in good agreement.
Ion heating in the PISCES-RF liquid-cooled high-power, steady-state, helicon plasma device
Authors: Thakur S Chakraborty , Paul M , Hollmann E M , Lister E , Scime E E , Sadhu S , Steinberger T E , Tynan G R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Radio frequency (RF) driven helicon plasma sources are commonly used for their ability to produce high-density argon plasmas (n > 1019 m−3) at relatively moderate powers (typical RF power < 2 kW). Typical electron temperatures are <10 eV and typical ion temperatures are <0.6 eV. A newly designed helicon antenna assembly (with concentric, double-layered, fully liquid-cooled RF-transparent windows) operates in steady-state at RF powers up to 10 kW. We report on the dependence of argon plasma density, electron temperature and ion temperature on RF power. At 10 kW, ion temperatures >2 eV in argon plasmas are measured with laser induced fluorescence, which is consistent with a simple volume averaged 0D power balance model. 1D Monte Carlo simulations of the neutral density profile for these plasma conditions show strong neutral depletion near the core and predict neutral temperatures well above room temperatures. The plasmas created in this high-power helicon source (when light ions are employed) are ideally suited for fusion divertor plasma-material interaction studies and negative ion production for neutral beams.
Preparation and optimization of PVDF thin films for miniaturized sensor and actuator applications
Authors: Sarkar Lisa , Singh Shiv Govind , Krishna Vanjari Siva Rama 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the key process optimizations that need to be carried out in order to leverage the piezoelectric property of polyvinylidene diflouride (PVDF) thin films for miniaturized sensor and actuator applications. The emphasis of the paper is two fold. Firstly, innate material and piezoelectric properties of PVDF thin films were thoroughly investigated and the processing conditions for achieving minimally porous, smooth thin film exhibiting superior piezoelectric response was experimentally figured out. Along with that, as a proof of concept, a working prototype of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) was fabricated and tested using optimized PVDF thin films. The key bottleneck of adhesion of PVDF with underlying metal layers is addressed by using adhesion promoter (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. This small, yet significant modification enabled the fabrication of PMUT device using PVDF as membrane material. The fabricated device has exhibited a electromechanical coupling coefficient value of 15.66% and a resonance frequency of 129.5 kHz.
Abnormal transport properties of Bi-III superconducting phase in pressurized bismuth single crystal
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Gouchi Jun , Ishigaki Kento , Nagasaki Shoko , Shi Zhixiang , Uwatoko Yoshiya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Resistivity, magnetoresistance, and upper critical field, have been comprehensively studied for the bismuth (Bi)-III superconducting phase in the pressure range of 2.9 GPa ⩽ P⩽ 6.2 GPa. It is discovered that the transition temperature T
c of the Bi-III phase is gradually suppressed with increasing pressure. Strikingly, the temperature-dependent resistivity above T
c in the Bi-III region reveals notable non-Fermi-liquid behaviors, resembling many unconventional superconducting systems. As the pressure increases, the magnetoresistance effect progressively grows and reaches a maximum value of 212% at pressure ∼6.2 GPa and field of 5 T, indicating a possible contribution to the charge conduction by Dirac electrons. Moreover, the zero-temperature upper critical field for the Bi-III phase displays relatively low values concerning the moderate T
c values, and the reduced upper critical field for different pressures deviates from the single-band Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg model. These unusual normal state transport properties and unique behavior of the upper critical field point to possible unconventional superconductivity for the Bi-III superconducting phase.
Dark Sector first results at Belle II
Authors: Campajola Marcello 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Understanding the nature of dark matter is one of the most exciting challenges in fundamental physics nowadays, requiring the synergy of different search techniques, as well as theoretical inputs. An interesting opportunity for the investigation of dark matter is the one offered by the B-factories. The Belle II experiment, located at the interaction point of the SuperKEKB asymmetric energy e
+
e
− collider, is a new generation B-factory experiment operating at the Japanese KEK laboratory. With a machine design luminosity of 6 × 1035 cm−2
s
−1, Belle II aims to record 50 ab−1 of data within the next decade. Thanks to this large data-sample and by using dedicated triggers, Belle II is expected to explore dark sector candidates with unprecedented sensitivity in the mass range up to 10 GeV/c
2. During 2018, the experiment concluded a commissioning run, collecting a data-sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 0.5 fb−1, while main operations started on March 2019 with an almost complete detector. So far the experiment collected an integrated luminosity of ∼ 90 fb−1. With these data-sets Belle II has already shown the possibility to search for a large variety of dark sector candidates in the GeV mass range. This paper reviews the status of the dark sector searches performed at the Belle II experiment, with a focus on the first obtained results and the discovery potential with the data-set available in the short term.
Does statistical model perform at par with computationally expensive general circulation model for decadal prediction?
Authors: Sahastrabuddhe Rishi , Ghosh Subimal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDecadal predictions have gained immense importance over the last decade because of their use in near-term adaption planning. Computationally expensive coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 general circulation models (GCMs) are initialized every 5 years and they generate the decadal hindcasts with moderate skill. Here we test the hypothesis that computationally inexpensive data-driven models, such as multi-variate singular spectrum analysis (MSSA), which takes care of trends and oscillations, performs similar to GCMs. We pick up one of the most complex variables having low predictability, Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) and its possible causal sea surface temperatures (SST). We find that the MSSA approach performs similar to the GCMs in simulating SSTs beyond their nonlinear limits of predictability, which is ∼12 months. These SSTs are used for decadal predictions of ISMR and show improved skills compared to the GCMs. We conclude that data-driven models are possible alternatives to computationally expensive GCMs for decadal predictions.
Plasmonic effect for photoluminescence enhancement in graphene/Au/ZnO hybrid structures: dependence on the surface lateral period of the Au layer
Authors: Dong Zuoru , Chen Peizong , Li Shujie , Jiang Zuimin , Xu Fei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The basic physics of the plasmonic effect of graphene in the UV region is fascinating but is not well understood. In this work, the influence of surface lateral period on the plasmonic effect of graphene for photoluminescence (PL) enhancement in graphene/Au/ZnO hybrid structures at a laser excitation wavelength of 325 nm is studied. In graphene/Au/ZnO hybrid structures, the Au layers act as corrugated surfaces, and their lateral period varies with the layer thickness. A reduction in PL intensity due to graphene was observed in the graphene/ZnO hybrid structure, and this was attributed to electron transfer from the ZnO to the graphene. The electron transfer was confirmed by a 10 cm−1 redshift for the 2D Raman peak of graphene in graphene/ZnO in comparison to that for graphene/SiO2(300 nm)/Si. In contrast, an enhancement in PL intensity by the graphene was observed when an Au layer was inserted between the graphene and the ZnO, and the enhancement ratio strongly depended on the surface lateral period of the Au layer. This enhancement is explained by effective excitation of the plasmon in the graphene at the momentum matching condition while the corrugated Au surface provides effective momentum compensation for excitation of the plasmon by the incident light in the graphene.
Judging phase purity of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles through structural and magnetic studies
Authors: Justus J Sharmila , Dharma Roy S Dawn , Saravanakumar K , Ezhil Raj A Moses 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The effect of post-growth annealing on the phase transformation leading to phase pure hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles is reported in this work. Co-precipitation technique was used to synthesise iron oxide nanoparticles by adjusting the pH of the solution. The xerogel was dried at 80 °C and the obtained powder was calcined in the temperature range 400–800 °C for 3 h. in air. Annealing temperature was prefixed on the basis of the thermal degradation pattern of the starting precursor. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study endorsed the presence of mixed phases FeO, FeO2 and α-Fe2O3 in the as-prepared sample. On annealing, the minor phases transform gradually to α-Fe2O3, as confirmed through thermal studies. Performed Rietveld analysis confirms the presence of impurity phases in samples annealed at low temperature. Phase pure sample crystallizes in the rhombohedral corundum structure (space group, R-3c) with a = 5.04044 Å, c = 13.7628 Å and c/a = 2.73048. FT-Raman spectral investigations allowed for a clear assignment of the α-Fe2O3 phase. Chemical analysis advocated the only presence of Fe3+ ions that octahedrally coordinated with hexagonally close packed O2- ions that constitute corundum structure. Electron microscopy (TEM) images proved the non-spherical particle distribution in the range 80–100 nm with mean particle size of 93 nm. Structural phase transition with annealing temperature was further confirmed through the fluctuations in the magnetic structure. In analogues to XRD, magnetic study also served as a judging tool to identify purity and the presence of mixed phases in hematite.
Roadmap on inorganic perovskites for energy applications
Authors: Irvine John , Rupp Jennifer L. M. , Liu Gang , Xu Xiaoxiang , Haile Sossina , Qian Xin , Snyder Alem , Freer Robert , Ekren Dursun , Skinner Stephen , Celikbilek Ozden , Chen Shigang , Tao Shanwen , Shin Tae Ho , O’Hayre Ryan , Huang Jake , Duan Chuancheng , Papac Meagan , Li Shuangbin , Celorrio Veronica , Russell Andrea , Hayden Brian , Nolan Hugo , Huang Xiubing , Wang Ge , Metcalfe Ian , Neagu Dragos , Martín Susana Garcia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Inorganic perovskites exhibit many important physical properties such as ferroelectricity, magnetoresistance and superconductivity as well their importance as energy materials. Many of the most important energy materials are inorganic perovskites and find application in batteries, fuel cells, photocatalysts, catalysis, thermoelectrics and solar thermal. In all these applications, perovskite oxides, or their derivatives offer highly competitive performance, often state of the art and so tend to dominate research into energy material. In the following sections, we review these functionalities in turn seeking to facilitate the interchange of ideas between domains. The potential for improvement is explored and we highlight the importance of both detailed modelling and in situ and operando studies in taking these materials forward.
PADI4 mediates autophagy and participates in the role of ganoderic acid A monomers in delaying the senescence of Alzheimer's cells through the Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Shen Shuhua , Wang Xiaoming , Lv Hang , Shi Yuan , Xiao Luwei 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The effects of PADI4 and GAA on the senescence of Alzheimer's cells were explored in the present work. HT22 cells were treated with Aβ25-35 to establish an Alzheimer's model and were then treated with different concentrations of GAA and transfected with a siPADI4 lentiviral vector. GAA could reverse the effects of Aβ25-35 on inhibiting cell viability and promoting apoptosis and senescence. siPADI4 reduced Aβ25-35-induced cell viability and upregulated Aβ25-35-induced cell apoptosis and senescence, as well as partially reversed the effect of GAA on cells, and these results were confirmed by detecting the expressions of senescence- and apoptosis-related proteins. In addition, siPADI4 was found to promote the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, which was partially reversed by GAA. In conclusion, PADI4 mediates autophagy and participates in the role of GAA monomers in delaying the senescence of Alzheimer's cells through the Akt/mTOR pathway.
Red foxes avoid apex predation without increasing fear
Authors: Wooster Eamonn I F , Ramp Daniel , Lundgren Erick J , O’Neill Adam J , Wallach Arian D 
Published: May 2021

AbstractApex predators structure ecosystems by hunting mesopredators and herbivores. These trophic cascades are driven not only by the number of animals they kill, but also by how prey alter their behaviors to reduce risk. The different levels of risk navigated by prey has been likened to a “landscape of fear.” In Australia, dingoes are known to suppress red fox populations, driving a trophic cascade. However, most of what we know of this relationship comes from circumstances where predators are persecuted, which can affect their social and trophic interactions. Utilizing camera traps, we monitored fox behavior when accessing key resource points used by territorial dingoes, in a region where both predators are protected. We predicted that foxes would avoid and be more cautious in areas of high dingo activity. Indeed, foxes avoided directly encountering dingoes. However, contrary to our expectations, foxes were not more cautious or vigilant where dingo activity was high. In fact, fox activity and scent-marking rates increased where dingo scent-marking was concentrated. Further, foxes were increasingly confident with increasing levels of conspecific activity. Our results suggest that responses to the threat of predation are more complex than fear alone. In socially stable conditions, it is possible that prey may develop knowledge of their predators, facilitating avoidance, and reducing fear.
How family histories can inform research about germ cell exposures: the example of autism
Authors: Escher Jill 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThroughout the scientific literature, heritable traits are routinely presumed to be genetic in origin. However, as emerging evidence from the realms of genetic toxicology and epigenomics demonstrate, heritability may be better understood as encompassing not only DNA sequence passed down through generations, but also disruptions to the parental germ cells causing de novo mutations or epigenetic alterations, with subsequent shifts in gene expression and functions in offspring. The Beyond Genes conference highlighted advances in understanding these aspects at molecular, experimental, and epidemiological levels. In this commentary I suggest that future research on this topic could be inspired by collecting parents’ germ cell exposure histories, with particular attention to cases of families with multiple children suffering idiopathic disorders.In so doing I focus on the endpoint of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Rates of this serious neurodevelopment disability have climbed around the world, a growing crisis that cannot be explained by diagnostic shifts. ASD’s strong heritability has prompted a research program largely focused on DNA sequencing to locate rare and common variants, but decades of this gene-focused research have revealed surprisingly little about the molecular origins of the disorder. Based on my experience as the mother of two children with idiopathic autism, and as a research philanthropist and autism advocate, I suggest ways researchers might probe parental germ cell exposure histories to develop new hypotheses that may ultimately reveal sources of nongenetic heritability in a subset of idiopathic heritable pathologies.
Roles ofStra8andTcerg1lin retinoic acid induced spermatogonial differentiation in mouse
Authors: Sinha Nilam , Whelan Eoin C , Tobias John W , Avarbock Mary , Stefanovski Darko , Brinster Ralph L 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) induces spermatogonial differentiation, but the mechanism by which it operates remains largely unknown. We developed a germ cell culture assay system to study genes involved in spermatogonial differentiation triggered by RA. Stimulated by RA 8 (Stra8), a RA-inducible gene, is indispensable for meiosis initiation, and its deletion results in a complete block of spermatogenesis at the pre-leptotene/zygotene stage. To interrogate the role of Stra8 in RA mediated differentiation of spermatogonia, we derived germ cell cultures from the neonatal testis of both wild type and Stra8 knock-out mice. We provide the first evidence that Stra8 plays a crucial role in modulating the responsiveness of undifferentiated spermatogonia to RA and facilitates transition to a differentiated state. Stra8-mediated differentiation is achieved through the downregulation of a large portfolio of genes and pathways, most notably including genes involved in the spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal process. We also report here for the first time the role of transcription elongation regulator-1 like (Tcerg1l) as a downstream effector of RA-induced spermatogonial differentiation.
651 Can Two Week Wait Breast Cancer Referrals Be Triaged to Prioritise High Risk Patients for Early Diagnosis and Treatment?
Authors: Blacker S , Jordache R , Pakzad F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
NHS England state there should be a maximum 62-day wait from urgent GP referral to first definitive treatment in 95% of patients. Within this timeframe is the two-week wait (TWW) target from urgent GP referral to first outpatient appointment. This audit aims to identify those at higher risk of a cancer diagnosis and prioritise their outpatient appointment.

Method
A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients on a 62-day breast cancer pathway treated at the Royal Surrey County Hospital (RSCH), from February to July 2019. TWW was identified as a common rate-limiting step. Further analysis of September 2019 allowed the contents of GP referrals to be correlated with subsequent diagnoses.

Results
40% of breast cancer patients breached the 62-day target in this 6-month period; the mean TWW was 11.5 days. In September, 266 referrals were received with a cancer detection rate of 3.95%. The most specific referral characteristic was personal history of a breast cancer. Breast lumps in the &gt;30s are more specific than in the &lt;30s (6.8% versus 0%).

Conclusions
Designated clinics for breast pain and lumps for &lt;30s, would relieve pressure on the high volume of referrals made to TWW clinics, reducing delay to diagnosis and treatment for those most at risk
799 Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Following Excision of Pilonidal Sinus Disease: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Harding T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a common condition that can have a detrimental impact on patient quality of life. Definitive surgical management for PSD is challenging and remains a contentious issue. Primary closure is associated with a high recurrence rate, while healing by secondary intention comes with slow healing and burdensome wound care. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is widely used to accelerate healing.

Aim
To evaluate outcomes in patients with PSD treated by a standardised technique of complete surgical excision followed by the application of NPWT.

Method
A retrospective observational cohort study of all patients with PSD managed by complete surgical excision followed by application of NPWT was performed over a 5-year period.

Results
41 patients underwent excision of PSD with application of NPWT during the observation period. All patients’ wounds healed successfully with NPWT. Only one patient (2.4%) developed recurrent PSD and required further surgery.

Discussion
The ideal surgery for PSD should have a low recurrence rate. Our results demonstrate that our technique of complete surgical excision followed by application of NPWT meets all these criteria. To our knowledge, this study contains the largest number of patients with PSD managed by excision and NPWT in the literature.