bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of associated extracardiac anomalies in prenatally diagnosed congenital heart diseases
Authors: Chang Chi-Son , Hong Sir-yeon , Kim Seo-yeon , Kim Yoo-min , Sung Ji-Hee , Choi Suk-Joo , Oh Soo-young , Roh Cheong-Rae , Song Jinyoung , Huh June , Kang I-Seok 
Published: March 2021

Objective
To investigate the prevalence of extracardiac anomalies (ECA) in prenatally diagnosed congenital heart diseases (CHD), and to provide more information for counseling of women with prenatally diagnosed fetal CHD.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of 791 cases of fetal CHD diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound from January 2005 to April 2018. Associated ECAs included extracardiac structural malformation (ECM), chromosomal anomaly, and 22q11.2 microdeletion. CHD was classified into 10 groups according to a modified anatomic and clinical classification of congenital heart defects.

Results
The overall prevalence of ECA in our CHD cohort was 28.6% (226/791): ECM, 25.3%; chromosomal anomaly, 11.7%; and 22q11.2 microdeletion, 5.5%. For those with ECM, ventricular septal defect (VSD) had the highest prevalence (34.5%), followed by anomalies of atrioventricular junctions and valves (28.8%) and heterotaxy (26.9%). For those with chromosomal anomaly, anomalies of atrioventricular junctions and valves had the highest prevalence (37.5%), followed by anomalies of atria and interatrial communications (25.0%) and VSD (22.9%). 22q11.2 microdeletion was detected only in those with anomalies of extrapericardial arterial trunks (14.3%) or ventricular outflow tracts (6.4%).

Conclusion
ECM, chromosomal anomaly, and 22q11.2 microdeletion have different prevalence according to the type of CHD.
Esophageal Epidermoid Metaplasia: Clinical Characteristics and Risk of Esophageal Squamous Neoplasia
Authors: Kamboj Amrit K. , Gibbens Ying Y. , Hagen Catherine E. , Wang Kenneth K. , Iyer Prasad G. , Katzka David A. 
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Esophageal epidermoid metaplasia (EEM) is a rare disease.

METHODS:
Patients with EEM diagnosed between 2014 and 2020 were reviewed.

RESULTS:
Forty EEM cases were identified. EEM occurred in 9 (23%) patients before, concordant, or after esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). EEM was associated with previous esophageal lichen planus in 5 patients, Barrett's esophagus 7, and esophageal adenocarcinoma 1. EEM was focal in 28 (70%) or diffuse in 12 (30%) and not detected in 45% on recent previous endoscopy.

DISCUSSION:
EEM is a premalignant underrecognized condition associated with multiple conditions. Close follow-up or endoscopic treatment may be warranted because of its ESCC association.
Protective role of protocatechuic acid in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress via modulation of proinflammatory cytokines levels in brain and liver of Wistar rats
Authors: Adeyanju Anne A. , Asejeje Folake O. , Molehin Olorunfemi R. , Owoeye Olatunde , Olatoye Esther O. , Ekpo Emmanuel N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This study seeks to investigate its underlying mechanism of action in the liver and brain toxicity induced by CCl4 in male albino rats.

Methods
Rats were given PCA at 10 and 20 mg/kg daily and orally as a pretreatment for seven days. A single injection of CCl4 was given 2 h later to induce brain and liver toxicity.

Results
CCl4 moderately elevated the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). PCA lowered AST level significantly when compared to control. Total protein and albumin levels presented insignificant changes (p>0.05) in all groups while lipid profile showed increased total cholesterol level and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by CCl4. PCA (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the cholesterol level while the 20 mg/kg dose moderately prevented HDL reduction. There was an increased MDA production with a corresponding low GSH level in the group treated with CCl4. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase in both organs also declined. PCA, especially at 10 mg/kg attenuated lipid peroxidation by increasing GSH level in the organs. Biochemical assays revealed the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activities by PCA in these organs. Furthermore, PCA lowered the level of proinflammatory cytokine COX 2 in the brain and liver while NF-kB expression was inhibited in the brain. Histopathology reports validated the effects of PCA.

Conclusions
PCA exhibited protection against toxicity in these tissues through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and the potential mechanism might be through modulation of the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway.
Global incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage among extremely preterm infants: a systematic literature review
Authors: Siffel Csaba , Kistler Kristin D. , Sarda Sujata P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To conduct a systematic literature review to evaluate the global incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 2–4 among extremely preterm infants.

Methods
We performed searches in MEDLINE and Embase for intraventricular hemorrhage and prematurity cited in English language observational studies published from May 2006 to October 2017. Included studies analyzed data from infants born at ≤28 weeks’ gestational age and reported on intraventricular hemorrhage epidemiology.

Results
Ninety-eight eligible studies encompassed 39 articles from Europe, 31 from North America, 25 from Asia, five from Oceania, and none from Africa or South America; both Europe and North America were included in two publications. The reported global incidence range of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3–4 was 5–52% (Europe: 5–52%; North America: 8–22%; Asia: 5–36%; Oceania: 8–13%). When only population-based studies were included, the incidence range of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3–4 was 6–22%. The incidence range of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 2 was infrequently documented and ranged from 5–19% (including population-based studies). The incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage was generally inversely related to gestational age.

Conclusions
Intraventricular hemorrhage is a frequent complication of extremely preterm birth. Intraventricular hemorrhage incidence range varies by region, and the global incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 2 is not well documented.
Ultrasound-assisted green biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their photocatalytic application
Authors: Modwi Abualiz , Al-Ayed Abdullah S. , Mustafa Damra E. , Bagabas Abdulaziz A. , Elamin M. R. , Algethami Faisal K. , Arasheed Rasheed , Alfaifi Mohammed Q. , Alqarni Ali , Alotaibi Fayez , Taha Kamal K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEmploying plant extracts to obtain nanomaterials is an ecofriendly and highly appreciated synthetic approach. In this work a simple, green chemistry method, based on sol–gel, was used for ZnO nanoparticles synthesis by using two Sudanese medicinal plant extracts:Adanosia digitata(ZnO-A) andBalanites aegyptiaca(ZnO-B) under ultrasonic energy. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of wurtzite hexagonal ZnO nanostructures, while the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis displayed their diverse morphologies. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data showed the impact of extract via the variation in of the O1s and Zn2p3/2and Zn2p1/2orbitals binding energy of Zn–O. The UV-visible investigation indicated a variation of bandgap energy (Eg), where the ZnO nanoparticles displayed the lowestEg. The synthesized nanomaterials have exhibited high photocatalytic efficiency towards the methylene blue (MB) dye. The findings revealed the possibility of obtaining nanoparticles with tailored properties by using plants extracts.
Lack of association of the esophageal microbiome in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis compared with non-EoE controls
Authors: Johnson James , Dellon Evan , McCoy Amber N. , Sun Shan , Jensen Elizabeth T. , Fodor Anthony A. , Keku Temitope O. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Changes in the esophageal microbiome have been reported in children with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), but few data exist for adults. We aimed to determine whether the esophageal microbiome differs in adults with and without EoE.
Methods: In a prospective cohort study, adults undergoing outpatient endoscopy were enrolled as incident EoE cases or non-EoE controls. Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were collected. An esophageal biopsy was utilized for microbiome analysis. Bacterial DNA was extracted and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Analyses were performed comparing microbiome features for cases and controls, and within cases for disease features, with correction for multiple hypothesis testing.
Results: A total of 24 incident EoE cases (mean age 40 years; 63% male; 100% white; 97 eos/hpf) and 25 controls (mean age 48, 36% male; 76% white; 1 eos/hpf) were analyzed. Principal coordinate analysis ordination failed to distinguish cases from controls. There were no microbiome differences within EoE cases based on clinical phenotype, presence of atopy, or endoscopic features. Use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), however, was significantly associated with 5 taxa including SR1 at the phylum level and Burkholderia at the genus level.
Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the esophageal microbiome between newly diagnosed EoE cases and non-EoE controls in adults, or within EoE cases based on clinical features. However, given the strong rationale for the esophageal microbiome in EoE pathogenesis, future studies should explicitly consider the presence of PPIs as a confounding feature.
Deep Learning Algorithm for the Confirmation of Mucosal Healing in Crohn’s Disease, Based on Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy Images
Authors: Udristoiu Anca Loredana , Stefanescu Daniela , Gruionu Gabriel , Gruionu Lucian Gheorghe , Iacob Andreea Valentina , Karstensen John Gasdal , Vilman Peter , Saftoiu Adrian 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Mucosal healing (MH) is associated with a stable course of Crohn’s disease (CD) which can be assessed by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE). To minimize the operator’s errors and automate assessment of CLE images, we used a deep learning (DL) model for image analysis. We hypothesized that DL combined with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) can distinguish between normal and inflamed colonic mucosa from CLE images.
Methods: The study included 54 patients, 32 with known active CD, and 22 control patients (18 CD patients with MH and four normal mucosa patients with no history of inflammatory bowel diseases). We designed and trained a deep convolutional neural network to detect active CD using 6,205 endomicroscopy images classified as active CD inflammation (3,672 images) and control mucosal healing or no inflammation (2,533 images). CLE imaging was performed on four colorectal areas and the terminal ileum. Gold standard was represented by the histopathological evaluation. The dataset was randomly split in two distinct training and testing datasets: 80% data from each patient were used for training and the remaining 20% for testing. The training dataset consists of 2,892 images with inflammation and 2,189 control images. The testing dataset consists of 780 images with inflammation and 344 control images of the colon. We used a CNN-LSTM model with four convolution layers and one LSTM layer for automatic detection of MH and CD diagnosis from CLE images. Results: CLE investigation reveals normal colonic mucosa with round crypts and inflamed mucosa with irregular crypts and tortuous and dilated blood vessels. Our method obtained a 95.3% test accuracy with a specificity of 92.78% and a sensitivity of 94.6%, with an area under each receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.98. Conclusions: Using machine learning algorithms on CLE images can successfully differentiate between inflammation and normal ileocolonic mucosa and can be used as a computer aided diagnosis for CD. Future clinical studies with a larger patient spectrum will validate our results and improve the CNN-SSTM model.
Non operative management of isolated traumatic splenic injury
Authors: Thakur Shiwani , Awan Naseer Ahmed , Mushtaq Umer , Jeelani Shaukat , Attri M. R. , Gilkar Ishfaq Ahmad , Wani Yaser Hussain 
Published: March 2021

Background: Road traffic accidents, sports injuries, assaults, and falls from height, are among most common causes of blunt splenic trauma. In 1970s, postsplenectomy complications were published by some authors, revealing the high mortality and morbidity related to overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI). Therefore, conservative management for splenic trauma was accepted as treatment of choice in all the patients to decrease mortality due to OPSI. Therefore, NOM of traumatic splenic injury has now been accepted as standard treatment of choice for all AAST grade I, II and III, whereas this was not found safe in higher grades of splenic trauma. Methods: This is a hospital based prospective observational study, done on 45 hemodynamically stable patients of splenic trauma. Results: Out of all studied parameters grade of injury, contrast blush on CT scan, grade of hemoperitoneum showed statistical significance with p value<0.001, however gender, age, mode of injury, showed no statistical significance. In our study, out of 45 patients, 38 (84.44%) patients had successful NOM of splenic trauma. Conclusions: Non-operative management (NOM) of blunt injury to the spleen in adults has become the standard of care in hemodynamically stable patients. This modality of treatment in paediatric patients is also highly successful and is standard treatment of choice in both adults and children. Success of NOM of isolated splenic injury depends on multiple factors such as availability of ICUs, high dependency units for strict monitoring, blood banks and availability of multidisciplinary team efforts encompassing anesthetics, trauma surgeons, radiologists, for successful outcome.
Using Comet Assay for Genotoxic Evaluation of Zataria multiflora Boiss., An Iranian Endemic Plant
Authors: Ayubi Z. , Jafari A.A. , Ayatollahi-Mousavi S.A. , Jafari H. , Panddeh M. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Avishan-e Shirazi), as an Iranian endemic plant, belongs to the Lamiaceae family and may be used as a food preservative. This study aimed to detect potential genotoxic effects of Z. multiflora extract.
Methods: Hydro-alcoholic extract of Z. multiflora was prepared. Human B lymphocytes were treated with 1% extract within 3 and 24 h. Sterile Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and cisplatin were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. DNA damage profiles were examined using comet assay (Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis). Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software v. 21.
Results: No statistically significant (p=0.071) DNA damage was observed in B lymphocytes treated with either Z. multiflora extract or PBS after 3 and 24 h. However, there was a statistically significant difference (p=0.0001) between DNA damage in B lymphocytes that treated with cisplatin and Z. multiflora after 3 and 24 h.
Conclusion: The comet assay used in the current study showed that Z. multiflora had no genotoxic effect.
ENTREVISTA COM FELIPE MUNITA
Authors: Mello Cláudio José de Almeida 
Published: March 2021

Nesta entrevista, Felipe Munita apresenta um panorama do contexto de investigação em didática da literatura na contemporaneidade, abordando desde temas teóricos como o conceito de professor-leitor, a relação entre cognição e fruição na experiência estética e tendências teórico-metodológicas, até questões ligadas à práxis docente como a relevância do trabalho envolvendo biblioteca escolar e as práticas de ensino na escola, além de temas transversais como enfoques prioritários na cooperação científica latino-americana. O pesquisador chileno recebeu a menção de Doutor Internacional e Prêmio Extraordinário de Doutorado por sua tese sobre mediação de leitura defendida na Universidade Autônoma de Barcelona, sob a supervisão de Teresa Colomer. Tem atuado como conferencista, formador de mediadores, professor e pesquisador em vários países da Europa, América Latina e do Norte, em algumas ações como consultor internacional da Unesco em programas para mediadores de leitura. Atualmente, é Professor da Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile e membro do Grupo de Investigación de literatura infantil y juvenil y educación literaria de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
DIREITA, ESQUERDA E OS CORRETOS NA LITERATURA INFANTIL
Authors: Ichilevici Vita 
Published: March 2021

O artigo trata de um novo tipo de censura, que atinge obras de literatura infantil a partir de demandas ideológicas e tensões entre grupos progressistas e conservadores, cada qual com seu rol de temas e termos corretos. Sem fundamentos teóricos, tal censura se baseia em discursos indignados, que se iniciam, quase sempre, nas redes sociais. A partir da análise de dois casos recentes de retirada de circulação de livros infantis – um provocado por argumentos tidos como de esquerda, o outro, de direita – nosso objetivo é analisar os efeitos das tentativas de restrição sobre o acesso da criança a determinadas obras.
Advanced Templating for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Gannon Nicholas P. , Wise Kelsey L. , Knudsen Michael L. 
Published: March 2021

» Longitudinal clinical and radiographic success of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is critically dependent on optimal glenoid component position.» Historically, preoperative templating utilized radiographs with commercially produced overlay implant templates and a basic understanding of glenoid morphology.» The advent of 3-dimensional imaging and templating has achieved more accurate and precise pathologic glenoid interrogation and glenoid implant positioning than historical 2-dimensional imaging.» Advanced templating allows for the understanding of unique patient morphology, the recognition and anticipation of potential operative challenges, and the prediction of implant limitations, and it provides a method for preoperatively addressing abnormal glenoid morphology.» Synergistic software, implants, and instrumentation have emerged with the aim of improving the accuracy of glenoid component implantation. Additional studies are warranted to determine the ultimate efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these technologies, as well as the potential for improvements in TSA outcomes.
Medial Osteoarthritis in an ACL-Deficient Knee
Authors: Vajapey Sravya P. , Alvarez Paul M. , Greco Nicholas J. , Chonko Douglas J. 
Published: March 2021

» In anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees, treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA) that is refractory to nonoperative modalities is a controversial subject.» Currently available treatment options include unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) with or without ACL reconstruction (ACLR), high tibial osteotomy (HTO) with or without ACLR, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).» Each treatment option has its own risks and benefits, and the evidence that is reviewed in this article suggests that patient characteristics guide treatment selection.» Future high-quality prospective studies that directly compare all 3 of the modalities are necessary to determine the best treatment option for different patient populations.
Green BIM-based Study on the Green Performance of University Buildings in Northern China
Authors: Liu Qibo , Wang Zixin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Green BIM emphasizing the contribution of BIM technology to the design and construction of green buildings. It attaching importance to the impact of climate and regional environment, using benchmarking and target setting, using BIM architecture for building performance analysis and realizing performance optimization through scheme comparison and modification. A university campus is a community that has a certain geographical scope and spatial scale and involves a variety of functions, such as teaching, scientific research, and living space. Hence, a campus possesses urban characteristics and diverse building types, and the construction of green university campuses will play a leading role in green urban construction in China under the increasing ecological and energy pressure of cities. Methods: Based on the Green BIM decision cycle model, the study employs BIM architecture to analyses building performance. By using the as the evaluation benchmark values and project objectives and taking the most representative teaching buildings, libraries, and dormitory buildings in universities in northern China as examples, the study selects appropriate BIM software, establishes models in steps, and conducts targeted visual analysis. The purpose is to find out the commonness and difference through the analysis, and then realize that the diversity of building types in campus determines that the green performance research of different types of buildings should comprehensively consider various design factors. Results and conclusions: Taking a university library in northern China as an example, the study optimized it from four aspects: base environment, function layout, envelope performance and system transformation, and management measures improvement. The results show that the total annual cumulative energy consumption load of the scheme is reduced obviously. The conclusions are that the improvement of university buildings' green performance must be comprehensively carried out from the aspects of planning, building design, system design, energy management, and energy conservation planning. In the future, we also need to carry out energy consumption data mining, continue the energy-saving transformation of existing buildings and energy consumption systems, achieve the goal of green and low-carbon campus.
An Ozonolysis Based Method and Applications for the Non-lethal Modification of Insect Cuticular Hydrocarbons
Authors: Savage Benjamin Alexander , Chung Henry , Masten Susan , Wang Zinan , Grieshop Matthew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are important, multi-function components of the insect epicuticle. In Drosophila spp., CHCs provide protection from desiccation and serve as semiochemicals for both intra- and interspecific communication. We developed a non-lethal method for the modification of Drosophila CHCs profiles through the exposure of live insects to a high dose of ozone gas (~45,000 ppm). Drosophila suzukii that were treated with ozone showed a 1.63-3.10 fold reduction in unsaturated hydrocarbons with these CHCs shown to regenerate over 108 h. Changes in CHCs were correlated with significantly reduced desiccation resistance in both male and female D. suzukii at one h after ozone treatment. Interestingly, individuals treated with ozone showed increased desiccation resistance in comparison to controls at 108 h after ozone treatment. The methodology reported in this paper provides a novel approach to investigate the biosynthesis and functions of CHCs during the lifespan of an insect.