bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient acceptance of subcutaneous versus transvenous defibrillator systems: A multi‐center experience
Authors: Vicentini Alessandro , Bisignani Giovanni , De Vivo Stefano , Viani Stefano , Savarese Gianluca , Francia Pietro , Celentano Eduardo , Checchi Luca , Carreras Giovanni , Santini Luca , Lamberti Filippo , Ottaviano Luca , Scalone Antonio , Giorgi Davide , Lovecchio Mariolina , Valsecchi Sergio , Rordorf Roberto ,   “S‐ICD Rhythm Detect” Investigators
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) is an effective alternative to the transvenous ICD. No study has yet compared S‐ICD and transvenous ICD by assessing patient acceptance as a patient‐centered outcome.ObjectiveTo evaluate the patient acceptance of the S‐ICD and to investigate its association with clinical and implantation variables. In patients with symptomatic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the acceptance of the S‐ICD was compared with a control group of patients who received a transvenous ICD.MethodsPatient acceptance was calculated with the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey (FPAS) which measures four factors: return to function (RTF), device‐related distress (DRD), positive appraisal (PA), and body image concerns (BIC). The survey was administered 12 months after implantation.Results176 patients underwent S‐ICD implantation. The total FPAS and the single factors did not differ according to gender, body habitus, or generator positioning. Patients with HFrEF had lower FPAS and RTF. Younger patients showed better RTF (75 [56–94] vs. 56 [50–81], p = .029). Patients who experienced device complications or device therapies showed higher DRD (40 [35–60] vs. 25 [10–50], p = .019). Patients with HFrEF receiving the S‐ICD had comparable FPAS, RTF, DRD, and BIC to HFrEF patients implanted with the transvenous ICD while exhibited significantly better PA (88 [75–100] vs. 81 [63–94], p = .02).ConclusionsOur analysis revealed positive patient acceptance of the S‐ICD, even in groups at risk of more distress such as women or patients with thinner body habitus, and regardless of the generator positioning. Among patients receiving ICDs for HFrEF, S‐ICD was associated with better PA versus transvenous ICD.
Preserved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin degludec and liraglutide when administered as insulin degludec/liraglutide in a Chinese population
Authors: Liu Hongzhong , Luo Bin , Chen Xia , Ingwersen Steen H. , Jia Ting , Vestergård Jacobsen Lisbeth , Hu Pei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report the findings of a single‐dose, randomized, three‐period cross‐over, clinical trial in healthy Chinese individuals (n = 24) comparing the pharmacokinetics of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) with its individual components. Furthermore, we report a population pharmacokinetic analysis of a 26‐week, phase III, treat‐to‐target, randomized trial of 720 Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Participants were randomized to IDegLira, degludec or liraglutide, all once daily with metformin. The pharmacokinetic profiles of IDegLira were similar to its individual components. Dose proportionality was indicated for both IDegLira components. Although there were no relevant covariate effects on degludec exposure, liraglutide exposure was inversely correlated with bodyweight. In conclusion, for the Chinese population, the pharmacokinetics of the fixed‐ratio combination IDegLira is similar to that of its individual components.
Effects of heat hardening on life parameters and thermostability of Bradysia odoriphaga larva and adults
Authors: Zhu Guodong , Zhao Haipeng , Xue Ming , Qu Cheng , Liu Shouzhu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnvironmental temperature is an important factor restricting insect population dynamics. Due to the ongoing global warming, interest in the impact of heat stress on insects has grown. High temperature in summer is a key barrier for Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae), a devastating vegetable pest o in China. It is well known that moderate thermal hardening can enhance the thermotolerance of many insects, which is beneficial for adaptation to environmental thermal stress. In order to determine whether heat hardening was beneficial for B. odoriphaga to adapt to high summer temperatures, we studied the biological performance, antioxidant responses and hsp70 and hsp90 expression of B. odoriphaga 4th instar larvae and adults after pre‐exposure to mild heat hardening temperatures (30–36°C). Mild heat hardening (32–36°C) enhanced the larval thermal tolerance to extreme heat stress. However, life parameters were significantly inhibited, development was delayed, longevity was shortened, and fecundity was decreased. Mild heat hardening (30–34°C) caused serious adverse effects on life parameters and less enhancement of heat resistance for 4th instar larvae. Mild heat hardening at 36°C weakened the heat tolerance of adults. The activity of four antioxidant enzymes in B. odoriphaga changed dramatically after heat hardening at 32–36°C. During recovery at 25°C, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) in tested larvae maintained successive higher activities after heat hardening. Simultaneously, the expression levels of hsp70 and hsp90 increased significantly after thermal hardening. Higher expression levels were also detected in larvae, pupae and adults after 48 hr recovery at 25°C. Overall, mild heat hardening played an important role in heat tolerance plasticity of B. odoriphaga larvae, and the antioxidant system and hsp70 and hsp90 genes were extremely relevant to this adaptation process.
Dementia diagnosis in the hospital and outcomes among patients with advanced dementia documented in the Minimum Data Set
Authors: Hua Cassandra L. , Thomas Kali S. , Bunker Jennifer N. , Gozalo Pedro L. , Bélanger Emmanuelle , Mitchell Susan L. , Teno Joan M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with dementia do not always have a diagnosis of dementia noted on their hospital claims. Whether this lack of documentation is associated with patient outcomes is unknown. We examined the association between a dementia diagnosis listed on a hospital claim and patient outcomes among individuals with a Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessment.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using administrative claims data and nursing home MDS assessments. Hospitalized patients aged 66 and older with advanced dementia noted on an MDS assessment completed within 120 days prior to their first hospitalization in 2017 were included. Advanced dementia was defined based on an MDS diagnosis of dementia, dependency in four or more activities of daily living, and a Cognitive Function Scale score indicative of moderate to severe impairment. Multilevel regression with a random intercept at the hospital level was used to examine the relationship between documentation of dementia in inpatient hospital Medicare claims and the following patient outcomes after adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics: invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) use, intensive care unit or coronary care unit (ICU/CCU) use, 30‐day mortality, and hospital length of stay (LOS).ResultsIn 2017, among 120,989 patients with advanced dementia and a nursing home stay, 90.57% had a dementia diagnosis on their hospital claims. In adjusted models, documentation of a dementia diagnosis was associated with lower use of the ICU/CCU (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.78 [95% confidence interval 0.74, 0.81]), use of IMV (AOR: 0.50 [0.47, 0.54]), and 30‐day mortality (AOR: 0.81 [0.77, 0.85]). Patients with a dementia diagnosis had a shorter LOS.ConclusionsAmong patients with advanced dementia, those whose dementia diagnosis was documented on their inpatient hospital Medicare claim experienced lower use of ICU/CCU, use of IMV, lower 30‐day mortality, and shorter LOS than those whose diagnosis was not documented.
Decomposing the gender reservation wage gap in Italy: A regional perspective
Authors: Brown Sarah , Popli Gurleen , Sasso Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate the determinants of the reservation wage gap between unemployed men and women, using data from the Italian Labour Force Survey. We conduct detailed decomposition analysis at the mean and at different percentiles of the reservation wage distribution using the Recentered Influence Function regression approach. Given the regional differences in labor market participation and employment rates across Italy, we focus on regional differences in the gender reservation wage gap. We find evidence of a positive gender reservation wage gap, which is highest in the South, with men reporting higher reservation wages across all regions and at all percentiles of the reservation wage distribution. The decomposition results suggest that, while a large part of the gender gap in reservation wages is explained by personal characteristics such as education and age, a significant portion of the gap is explained by different job preferences (especially commuting and working time preferences) between men and women. We also find evidence of differences in the relative effects of personal, household and job characteristics across regions, and at different percentiles of the reservation wage distribution.
Harmonizing Ratings From Different School Environment Assessment Methods: A Simplified Approach
Authors: Zhao Xue , Lee Rebecca E. , Ledoux Tracey A. , Hoelscher Deanna M. , McKenzie Thomas L. , O'Connor Daniel P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study describes a method for harmonizing data collected with different tools to compute a rating of compliance with national recommendations for school physical activity (PA) and nutrition environments.MethodsWe reviewed questionnaire items from 84 elementary schools that participated in the Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD) project, which was 3 distinct childhood obesity prevention projects in 7 communities in California, Massachusetts, and Texas. Each project used tools specific to its programs, schools, and communities. While this approach increased the feasibility of data collection, it created a challenge with the need to combine data across projects. We evaluated all questionnaire items and retained only those items that assessed one or more recommendations and constructed several items to indicate compliance or noncompliance with the respective associated recommendations.ResultsTen constructed items covered 11 of the 20 recommendations. Analysis indicated that the scores detected variability in compliance both among communities and among school within communities.ConclusionsThe scores captured differences in compliance with the national recommendations at multiple levels. Our method, designed for creating common scores, may be useful in integrated data analysis, systematic reviews, or future studies requiring harmonizing of data collected via different tools.
High sleep fragmentation parallels poor subjective sleep quality during the third wave of the Covid‐19 pandemic: An actigraphic study
Authors: Conte Francesca , De Rosa Oreste , Rescott Marissa Lynn , Arabia Teresa Pia , D’Onofrio Paolo , Lustro Alessio , Malloggi Serena , Molinaro Danila , Spagnoli Paola , Giganti Fiorenza , Barbato Giuseppe , Ficca Gianluca 
Published: November 2021

SummaryStudies on sleep during the Covid‐19 pandemic have mostly been conducted during the first wave of contagion (spring 2020). To follow up on two Italian studies addressing subjective sleep features during the second wave (autumn 2020), here we assess sleep during the third wave (spring 2021) in a sample of healthy adults from Campania (Southern Italy). Actigraphic data (on 2 nights) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were collected from 82 participants (40 F, mean age: 32.5 ± 11.5 years) from 11 March to 18 April 2021, when Campania was classified as a “red zone”, i.e. it was subjected to strict restrictions, only slightly looser than those characterizing the first national lockdown (spring 2020). Although objective sleep duration and architecture appeared in the normal range, the presence of disrupted sleep was indexed by a relevant degree of sleep fragmentation (number of awakenings ≥ 1 min: 12.7 ± 6.12; number of awakenings ≥ 5 min: 3.04 ± 1.52), paralleled by poor subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score: 5.77 ± 2.58). These data suggest that the relevant subjective sleep impairments reported during the first wave could have relied on subtle sleep disruptions that were undetected by the few objective sleep studies from the same period. Taken together with sleep data on previous phases of the pandemic, our findings show that the detrimental effects on sleep determined by the initial pandemic outbreak have not abated across the subsequent waves of contagion, and highlight the need for interventions addressing sleep health in global emergencies.
Dual attention deep learning network for automatic steel surface defect segmentation
Authors: Pan Y. , Zhang L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA dual attention deep learning network is developed to classify three types of steel defects, locate their positions, and depict their shapes on the steel surface in an automatic and accurate manner. The novel pixel‐level detection algorithm called DAN‐DeepLabv3+ integrates a dual attention module into the DeepLabv3+ framework in pursue of more precise segmentation results. For one thing, the dual parallel attention module helps to explicitly model rich contextual dependencies over local feature representations in the spatial and channel dimensions. For another, the popular DeepLabv3+ in an encoder‐decoder architecture is useful in capturing multi‐scale contextual information and sharp object boundaries. The DAN‐DeepLabv3+ is applied to an available dataset containing 6666 images, where three types of steel defects are taken by high‐frequency cameras and have been annotated manually. Experimental results show that, compared with other deep learning models, DAN‐DeepLabv3+ based on the Xception backbone exhibits the best segmentation performance under the mean intersection over union (IoU) of 89.95% and the frequency‐weighted IoU of 97.34%. Besides, the F1‐score for the three kinds of defects can reach 86.90%, 99.20%, and 92.81%. From the comparative study, it has been found that the adoption of the dual attention module and DeepLabv3+ contributes to boosting the segmentation performance. The significance of the proposed hybrid model lies in the enhancement in accurately detecting single or multiple steel defects, which has proven to outperform other classical methods.
From cyberfascism to terrorism: On 4chan/pol/ culture and the transnational production of memetic violence
Authors: Thorleifsson Cathrine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article examines the fascists imaginaries that are produced and circulated at 4chan /pol/. Based on analysis of memes and posts collected during a 6‐month period in 2019, it explores the diagnoses given by anonymous users to the imagining of the ultra‐nation and dehumanized others, and the prescriptions for the remedies needed to bring about its saving. It argues that the cultural practices of /pol/ where fascist fantasies of white supremacy are spread fast and anonymously in a transnational milieu through transgressive play frames are particularly powerful for the amplification of the logic of an endangered ultra‐nation that needs urgent violent defence to obtain racial palingenesis. As such cyberfascism co‐produced in a leaderless network among users scattered across continents lends itself to calls for violent action against minority communities, including terrorism.
Placing myself in a new normalized life: The process of becoming a first‐time father. A grounded theory study
Authors: Vidaurreta Marta , Lopez‐Dicastillo Olga , Serrano‐Monzó Inmaculada , Belintxon Maider , Bermejo‐Martins Elena , Mujika Agurtzane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBecoming a first‐time father is an important transition period in men's lives that is frequently accompanied by joy and happiness. Engaging fathers has a broader impact on family and community and on fathers' own well‐being. This study explores the process of men becoming first‐time fathers and the experiences and challenges involved. Seventeen interviews with men in different stages of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period were conducted. Through a grounded theory design, a novel four‐stage theoretical model emerged that represents the journey to first‐time fatherhood. These stages are beginning the journey, fatherhood in limbo, facing reality, and settling down. Participants suggested that achieving a new normality was the final stage where they finally felt located with a sense of mastery in their journey to fatherhood. The novel theoretical approach of addressing the process of men's transition allowed more complete access to their perspectives. Men's needs are different at every phase of the transition to fatherhood, and the use of these findings can help care providers in caring for every man according to the stage he is facing.
United States Healthcare Burden of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Pain Disorder Hospitalizations from 2002 to 2018
Authors: Hollier John M. , Salemi Jason L. , Shulman Robert J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe healthcare burden of pediatric functional gastrointestinal pain disorders (FGIDs) is unclear. Our study aimed to characterize the burden of these hospitalizations in the United States (US).MethodsWe utilized the US National Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2018 to capture pediatric hospitalizations (ages 4 to 18 years old) with a primary discharge diagnosis of abdominal pain, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, abdominal migraine, cyclic vomiting syndrome, or fecal incontinence. We calculated the FGID hospitalization prevalence rate, length of stay (LOS), and inflation‐adjusted costs annually and assessed for statistically significant trend changes using joinpoint analyses.Key Results22.3 million pediatric hospitalizations were captured, and 1 in 64 pediatric hospitalizations were attributed to a primary FGID hospitalization. The overall FGID hospitalization prevalence rate initially remained stable but decreased significantly from 2013 to 2018. Constipation and abdominal pain hospitalization rates, respectively, increased and decreased significantly over time. Constipation hospitalizations were more prevalent for younger non‐Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics. FGID hospitalization rates stratified by sex were similar. Mean LOS was 2.3 days; average LOS increased significantly from 2002 to 2013 and then stabilized. FGID hospitalization costs averaged $6,216 per admission and increased significantly for all FGIDs except dyspepsia. Endoscopic procedures were the most common interventions.Conclusions & InferencesFGID hospitalization prevalence rates decreased recently, possibly due to national healthcare policy implementation. Nonetheless, constipation admissions increased. LOS was stable in recent years but associated costs‐per‐hospitalization were increasing over time, probably due to endoscopic procedures. More studies are needed to explain these prevalence and cost trends.
Position guidelines and evidence base concerning determinants of childhood obesity with a European perspective
Authors: Martinez J. Alfredo , Sassi Franco , Moreno Luis A. , Tur Josep A. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryChildhood obesity is one of the most pressing global public health issues, with rates increasing fastest in countries at low levels of income. Obesity occurring during childhood is likely to persist throughout the life course, and it is a cause of increased disease risk from the early years of life. This supplement is the result of collaborations involving a large and multidisciplinary group of researchers that were established in the context of the ongoing European Horizon 2020 project Science and Technology in childhood Obesity Policy (STOP). The aim, as in the entire STOP project, is to generate evidence that can support better policies to tackle the problem of childhood obesity in Europe and elsewhere. Quality of life and health well‐being concerning children needs to consider personalized, population, and planetary facets to tackle childhood obesity at early stages of life, for in‐deep phenotyping, integrating personalized medicine and precision public health interventions at global levels. This supplement contributes to this aim.
Phenotypic heterogeneity and genotypic spectrum of inborn errors of immunity identified through whole exome sequencing in a Thai patient cohort
Authors: Tengsujaritkul Maliwan , Suratannon Narissara , Ittiwut Chupong , Ittiwut Rungnapa , Chatchatee Pantipa , Suphapeetiporn Kanya , Shotelersuk Vorasuk 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundInborn errors of immunity (IEI) comprise more than 400 rare diseases with potential life‐threatening conditions. Clinical manifestations and genetic defects are heterogeneous and diverse among populations. Here, we aimed to characterize the clinical, immunologic, and genetic features of Thai pediatric patients with IEI. The use of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in diagnosis and clinical decision making was also assessed.MethodsThirty six unrelated patients with clinical and laboratory findings consistent with IEI were recruited from January 2010 to December 2020. WES was performed to identify the underlying genetic defects.ResultsThe median age of disease onset was 4 months (range: 1 month to 13 years), and 24 were male (66.7%). Recurrent sinopulmonary tract infection was the most common clinical presentation followed by septicemia and severe pneumonia. Using WES, we successfully identified the underlying genetic defects in 18 patients (50%). Of the 20 variants identified, six have not been previously described (30%). According to the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS), 38.9% of these detected cases (7/18) were found to harbor variants associated with genes in combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features (Class II).ConclusionThe diagnostic yield of WES in this patient cohort was 50%. Six novel genetic variants in IEI genes were identified. The clinical usefulness of WES in IEI was demonstrated, emphasizing it as an effective diagnostic strategy in these genetically heterogeneous disorders.