bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO PERTANIAN BAGI KETAHANAN PANGAN PETANI INDONESIA
Authors: MT., M.P. Hasanawi , Hasanawi Asyrafinafilah , Kesumawati Neti 
Published: February 2021

Kemiskinan dan kelaparan yang ekstrim didominasi di kawasan perdesaan, dengan proporsi keluarga petani yang sangat signifikan termasuk dalam masyarakat tidak mampu (miskin) dan mengalami kelaparan. Dengan demikian, pemberantasan kemiskinan dan kelaparan secara integral terkait dengan peningkatan produksi pangan, produktivitas pertanian dan pendapatan perdesaan. Selain itu, kondisi iklim yang tidak menentu secara langsung mempengaruhi keberlangsungan pertanian di Indonesia. Indonesia harus mampu menyediakan pangan yang cukup bagi seluruh rakyat dan akses pangan dengan harga terjangkau dengan perubahan yang berisiko tinggi. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, pengetahuan mengenai klimatologi penting dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi seperti perubahan iklim. Saat beradaptasi dengan perubahan iklim, kegiatan pertanian dibarengi dengan kegiatan perlindungan dan penguangan risiko hingga level yang paling rendah. Sehingga muncul asuransi usahatani yang bertujuan untuk melindungi pertanian, berbagi risiko, dan memihak petani. Asuransi usahatani, khususnya, berlaku untuk berbagi risiko gagal panen yang disebabkan oleh banjir, kekeringan, serta serangan hama dan penyakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis pada data sekunder tentang ekonomi dan sistem keuangan Indonesia dan informasi yang dikumpulkan dalam wawancara dengan individu-individu kunci (keypersons) di Kementerian Pertanian, Jakarta. Untuk memperjelas data tersebut, dipilih satuKabupaten di provinsi Jawa Barat, Kabupaten Cirebon, dan dua Kabupaten di provinsi Jawa Tengah, Kabupaten Boyolali dan Kabupaten Semarang. Ketiga wilayah tersebut dipilih karena memiliki perkembangan sistem keuangan terutama pertanian daerah yang dinamis, dukungan pemerintah untuk memberikan subsidi pertanianyang aktif. Namun, dikarenakan tidak adanya bank pertanian di Indonesia, lembaga keuangan mikro eksisting diharuskan menyediakan dana yang cukup untuk menutupi biaya produksi. Untuk tindak lanjut jangka pendek, Program Pengembangan Agribisnis Pedesaan (PUAP) saat ini diharapkan dapat membantu petani melalui lembaga keuangan mikro dalam mendanai kegiatan pertanian. Peran keuangan mikro merupakan bagian dari strategi ketahanan pangan dan sangat penting untuk membantu petani dalam meminimalisir efek risiko gagal panen. Praktik pertanian berkelanjutan dan sistem pangan, termasuk produksi dan konsumsi, sebaiknya dilaksanakan dalam perspektif yang holistik dan terintegrasi. Kata kunci : asuransi pertanian, perlindungan pertanian, risiko gagal panen.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWDALAM PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE GROUP INVESTIGATION (GI) DENGAN PENDEKATAN LINGKUNGAN PADA POKOK BAHASAN CIRI – CIRI MAHLUK HIDUP DI SMP N 2 CURUP
Authors: Sari Ria Puspita , Irwandi Irwandi 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to improve the activities of teachers and students towards biology learning and to improve the learning outcomes of teachers and students in biology learning by using the cooperative group investigation method on the environmental approach on the subject matter of the characteristics of living things in class VII F at SMP N 2 Curup. This type of research in the form of class action carried out in two cycles, each cycle has stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Data collection techniques include teacher and student observation sheets and student evaluation test sheets. The observation sheet is used to find out the activities of the teacher and students, while the evaluation test sheet is to find out the improvement of student results. Observation data and student test data were analyzed descriptively by calculating averages. Based on the results of the calculation of the average score of the activities of the first cycle teacher is 20 categorized as good and student activity scores 20.5 with a good category. And in cycle II the teacher's activity gets a score of 24 and the student's activity gets a score of 24 with a good category. And an increase in student learning outcomes in the first cycle with an average of 77.17, while in the second cycle with an average value of 83.30. For mastery learning in the first cycle 76.93% while completeness learning in the second cycle 93.30%. The increasing activity of teachers and students in the second cycle shows that the use of the group investigation method on the subject of the characteristics of living things can improve the learning outcomes of Grade VII F students in SMP N 2 Curup. Keywords: Group Investigation, Teacher and Student Activities, Learning Outcomes.
Penerapan Pendidikan Jarak Jauh (PJJ) Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 pada SIDH Belanda dan SIKL Malaysia
Authors: Mubarok Husni , Swastika Yasinta Indra , Ainun Ayu , Hamdanah Siti Umi , Lestari Putri Diana , Saifuddin Muhammad Alif 
Published: February 2021

The covid-19 pandemic caused the elimination of all activities that are usually carried out by almost everyone in the world, especially learning activities at various levels. Based on the Higher Education Law number 12 of 2012, article 31 concerning Distance Education (PJJ) is a learning process that is carried out remotely through the use of various communication and information media. Therefore, since the covid outbreak, distance education is now widely applied in the learning process almost all over the world. This study aims to determine the application of distance education in SIDH Netherlands and SIKL Malaysia during the pandemic, and to find out the obstacles in the application of distance education in SIDH Netherlands and SIKL Malaysia during the pandemic. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques in this study using interview techniques. The results of the study state that SIDH in the Netherlands and SIKL Malaysia have implemented the PJJ (Distance Education) system since 2008, with Distance Learning being used to do this, automatically during this pandemic, students are not surprised by the online learning provided. teachers (educators), but there are also some obstacles faced during the teaching and learning process during the pandemic. Whereas in SIKL Malaysia, distance education was implemented when there was covid-19, so all students study at their respective homes. In its application, there are several obstacles in the learning process, one of which is signal constraints. The teachers from the two scools have coshen the best method for their students so that learning can be carried out optimally. And it is hoped that in learning to apply health protocols so that students and teacherscan carry out learning activities comfortably.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dan Kooperatif Tipe Number Head Together Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Hasil Belajar di SMP
Authors: Putra Sukarman Hadi Jaya 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan kooperatif tipe Number Head Together terhadap keterampilan proses sains dan hasil belajar siswa kelas VII SMP Santa Maria Maumere Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020. Pengaruh yang dilihat adalah hasil belajar dan keterampilan proses sains setelah diberikan pembelajaran menggunakan model Problem Based Learning dan Number Head Together. Hasil belajar siswa yang diukur adalah tes hasil belajar kognitif dengan bentuk soal pilihan ganda yang terdiri dari 20 butir soal sedangkan tes keterampilan proses sains dengan menggunakan angket yang terdiri dari 20 butir angket. Penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan Number Head Together tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan pada hasil belajar kognitif yaitu 0,125 0,05 dan keterampilan proses sains 1,9. model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan Number Head Together terhadap keterampilan proses sains dan hasil belajar kognitif.
On the P-Adic Valuations of Stirling Numbers of the Second Kind
Authors: S. S. Singh  , A. Lalchhuangliana  , P. K. Saikia  
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we introduced certain formulas for p-adic valuations of Stirling numbers of the second kind S(n, k) denoted by vp(S(n, k)) for an odd prime p and positive integers k such that n ≥ k. We have obtained the formulas, vp(S(n, n − a)) for a = 1, 2, 3 and vp(S(cpn, cpk )) for 1 ≤ c ≤ p − 1 and primality test of positive integer n. We have presented the results of vp(S(p2, kp)) for 2 ≤ k ≤ p − 1, 2 < p < 100 and a table of vp(S(p, k)). We have posed the following conjectures from our analysis:

1. Let p ≠ 7 be an odd prime and k be an even integer such that 0 < k < p − 1. Then vp(S(p2, kp))-vp(S(p2, p(k+1)) = 3

2. If k be an integer such that 1 < k < p − 1, then the p-adic valuations satisfy vp(S(p2, kp)) = 5 or 6, if k is even; 2 or 3, if k is odd
for any prime p > 7.

3. For any primes p and positive integer k such that 2 ≤ k ≤ p − 1, then vp(S( p, k )) ≤ 2.
Perbedaan Konsep Diri Lansia Antara Tipe Single Parent Family Dan Aging Couple Family
Authors: Mei Fitria Kurniati  , Yusuf Efendi  
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK
Seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah lansia, terdapat banyak persoalan yang dialami lansia diantaranya tidak memperoleh akses kesehatan, tidak memiliki jaminan hari tua, tidak mendapat dukungan sosial dari keluarga atau teman. Pada akhirnya lansia mengalami masalah psikis maupun fisik. Salah satu bentuk dari masalah psikologis pada lansia adalah gangguan konsep diri. Pembentukan konsep diri seseorang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui perbandingan konsep diri lansia antara tipe single parent family dan aging couple family.
Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode Cross Sectional. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah Purposive Sampling. Sampel sejumlah 30 keluarga yaitu single parent family dan aging couple family. Variabel independen yaitu single parent family dan aging couple family dan variabel dependen yaitu konsep diri lansia. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dengan tingkat kemaknaan 0,05.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan konsep diri lansia sebagian besar baik yaitu sejumlah 10 responden (33.3%) pada couple aging family sedangkan pada single parent family sejumlah 11 responden (36.7%). Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan nilai sig. = 0,201 berarti > 0,05 sehingga ditolak sehingga tidak ada Perbedaan konsep diri lansia antara tipe single parent family dan tipe aging couple family. Hendaknya perawat aktif dalam meningkatkan perhatian dan kepedulian untuk membantu lansia mencapai konsep diri yang positif sebagai tanggung jawab untuk memberikan pelayanan profesional pada klien.
Kata Kunci : Konsep Diri, Lansia, Single Parent Family, Aging Couple Family
Pengaruh Pemberian Buku Saku Terhadap Upaya Pemantauan Perkembangan Anak Di Desa Sumberagung Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro
Authors: Ardianti Ikha 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK
Peran ibu sangatlah urgent dan krusial terutama dalam mendidik anak. Salah satu peran ibu adalah mengenali perkembangan anaknya sedini mungkin, memberikan stimulasi pada tumbuh kembang anaknya secara menyeluruh baik aspek fisik, mental maupun sosial. Masalah yang terjadi pada perkembangan anak adalah keterlambatan perkembangan pada anak yang disebabkan kurang aktifnya ibu dalam memantau perkembangan anak.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh pemberian buku saku terhadap upaya pemantauan perkembangan anak di desa Sumberagung Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro tahun 2018.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasy eksperiment dengan rancangan one group pre and post design . Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki anak usia 1-3 tahun yang berjumplah 30 responden. Analisa data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian buku saku terhadap upaya pemantauan perkembangan anak, upaya pemantauan perkembangan anak sebelum dan sesudah diberikan buku saku dengan nilai significant P = 0,01 maka H0 ditolak.
Kata Kunci : Anak, Pemantauan, Perkembangan
The family Epimetopidae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea): review of current knowledge, genus-level phylogeny, and taxonomic revision of Eupotemus
Authors: Fikáček Martin , Matsumoto Keita , Perkins Philip , Prokin Alexander , Sazhnev Alexey , Litovkin Stanislav , Jäch Manfred A. 
Published: February 2021

Epimetopidae are a small beetle family of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea, comprising 72 described species in three genera: the American Epimetopus Lacordaire, 1854 (56 species), Asian Eumetopus Balfour-Browne, 1949 (eight species) and African Eupotemus Ji & Jäch, 1998 (eight species, of which six are described as new here). In this study we illustrate and compare the adult morphology of all three genera and generate the first DNA sequences for Eumetopus and Eupotemus. The morphological data and sequences of four genes (cox1, 16S, 18S and 28S) are used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among genera. Both strongly support the monophyly of Epimetopidae, reveal Eumetopus as the earliest diverging taxon and Epimetopus + Eupotemus as a strongly supported clade with numerous synapomorphies. The reciprocal monophyly of Epimetopus and Eupotemus is strongly supported by DNA data but not in the morphological analysis which reveals Epimetopus paraphyletic. Eumetopus, despite being the earliest branching clade, is characterized by many unique derived structures, e.g. by the presence of the sperm pump in males (unique in Hydrophiloidea). The available data on the biology of Epimetopidae indicate that most species inhabit sandy to muddy margins of streams or rivers. Females of all three genera carry egg cases; Epimetopidae hence are one of three independent lineages of Hydrophiloidea in which this behavior evolved. Larvae are only known for Epimetopus and are characterized by morphological adaptations for feeding by piercing and sucking, a closed tracheal system and abdominal gills; larvae of Eumetopus and Eupotemus remain unknown and further research is needed to confirm whether they show the same adaptations as Epimetopus. The taxonomy of the African genus Eupotemus is re­vised, with six species described as new: E. bilobatus sp. nov. (Nigeria), E. cameroonensis sp. nov. (Cameroon), E. ophioglossus sp. nov. (Gabon, Togo), E. smithi sp. nov. (Côte d’Ivoire), E. taianus sp. nov. (Côte d’Ivoire) and E. uluguru sp. nov. (Tanzania). Eupotemus limicola Delève, 1967 is fixed as the type species of the genus according to ICZN (1999: Art. 70.3). New records of Eumetopus species are provided (E. acutimontis Ji & Jäch, 1998 from Vietnam, E. bullatus (Sharp, 1875) from India: Maharashtra, E. flavidulus (Sharp, 1890) from India: Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, E. maindroni (Régimbart, 1903) from India: Maharashtra and Gujarat, and E. weigeli Skale & Jäch, 2003 from India: Uttarakhand). The habitus of all species is illustrated. An updated checklist of the Epimetopus species is provided, and records of two specimens of the E. costatus group from Zambia and Saudi Arabia are considered to result from either accidental introductions or mislabelling.
Alkalophilic Protease Producing Bacteria and Some Biotechnological Potentials
Authors: Abbasi Muddasir Hassan , Mehmood Rabia , Khawar Muhammad Babar , Amaan Hafiza Nabeela , Arif Amin , Saeed Tahaa , Rafiq Mussarat 
Published: February 2021

Background: Extremophiles are a hot topic in the field of biotechnology for their immense potential and applications in multiple industries.
Objectives: The present review aims to sum up the potential applications of alkalophilic protease-producing bacteria and their optimized growth requirement. The isolation, characterization, and optimization of various isolates (especially of genus Bacillus) from different harsh niches, including soil samples from deserts and soil having decaying matters, wastewaters from industries, soda lakes, and alkaline springs have been reported in this review.
Methodology: All the relevant papers published from 2013-2020 were looked over numerous sources like Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science.
Results: Most of the microbial life found in extreme alkaline habitats are found to form a variety of enzymes and an array of other substances of biotechnological interests. These enzymes, especially proteases, are exploited in industries globally because of their ability to withstand rigorous industrial reactions and conditions.
Conclusion: Though a number of alkalophilic protease-producing bacteria have been isolated, still a large number of these micro-organisms are unidentified. The current demand for biotechnological products from them appeals to the need for isolation of unidentified bacteria.
Insight into (?) Cell Development to Rebuild Bonafide ?-Cells: Reprogramming Verses Differentiation of Stem Cells
Authors: Sultana Misbah , Jadoon Saima , Malik Arif 
Published: February 2021

Background: Pancreatic ?-cells for insulin secretion are the main regulators of mammalian metabolic process. Diabetes and hyperglycemia make the patient dependable on exogenous insulin, which is due to the lack of functional ?-cells. Oxidative stress also plays an important role in the aggravation of this pathological condition. Recent insights into the development of ?-cells along with the pluripotent stem cells discovery have opened new ways to generate ?-cells that can help in the screening of various drugs and also in the transplantation therapy since, these pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) can develop in any type of cell, due to which any defective tissue can be substituted.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate current strategies which can help to control diabetes mellitus.
Methodology: Methodological approach of this review was based on the comparison of theoretical studies and researches related to diabetes mellitus.
Results: In vitro or in vivo, replication might be repeated based on proteins or through small molecules. Efforts have been made through which differentiated cells can be converted into ?-cells by transcriptional regulators that are the significant players for the development, as well as responsible to identify conditions that cause replication of ?-cell both in vitro and in vivo. The recent strategies can be applied for new ?-cells generation and also highlights the future aspects regarding the mechanisms that govern later differentiation stages.
Conclusion: This review provides an update on generating ?-cells from different strategies and also brief about the development and function of ?-cells that how they could help to control diabetes.
The Explosion in Orion-KL as Seen by Mosaicking the Magnetic Field with ALMA
Authors: Cortes Paulo C. , Le Gouellec Valentin J. M. , Hull Charles L. H. , Girart Josep M. , Louvet Fabien , Fomalont Edward B. , Kameno Seiji , Moellenbrock George A. , Nagai Hiroshi , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Villard Eric 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the first linear-polarization mosaicked observations performed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We mapped the Orion-KLeinmann-Low (Orion-KL) nebula using super-sampled mosaics at 3.1 and 1.3 mm as part of the ALMA Extension and Optimization of Capabilities program. We derive the magnetic field morphology in the plane of the sky by assuming that dust grains are aligned with respect to the ambient magnetic field. At the center of the nebula, we find a quasi-radial magnetic field pattern that is aligned with the explosive CO outflow up to a radius of approximately 12″ (∼5000 au), beyond which the pattern smoothly transitions into a quasi-hourglass shape resembling the morphology seen in larger-scale observations by the James-Clerk-Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). We estimate an average magnetic field strength

mG and a total magnetic energy of 2 × 1045 erg, which is three orders of magnitude less than the energy in the explosive CO outflow. We conclude that the field has been overwhelmed by the outflow and that a shock is propagating from the center of the nebula, where the shock front is seen in the magnetic field lines at a distance of ∼5000 au from the explosion center.
Discovery of a Candidate Hypervelocity Star Originating from the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Authors: Huang Yang , Li Qingzheng , Zhang Huawei , Li Xinyi , Sun Weixiang , Chang Jiang , Dong Xiaobo , Liu Xiaowei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this Letter, we report the discovery of an intriguing hypervelocity star (HVS; J1443+1453) candidate that is probably from the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal galaxy (Sgr dSph). The star is an old and very metal-poor low-mass main-sequence turn-off star (age ∼14.0 Gyr and [Fe/H] = −2.23 dex) and has a total velocity of

km s−1 in the Galactic rest frame and a heliocentric distance of

kpc. The velocity of J1443+1453 is larger than the escape speed at its position, suggesting that it is a promising HVS candidate. By reconstructing its trajectory in the Galactic potential, we find that the orbit of J1443+1453 intersects closely with that of Sgr dSph

Myr ago, when the latter has its latest pericentric passage through the Milky Way. The encounter occurs at a distance

kpc from the center of Sgr dSph, a distance that is smaller than the size of the Sgr dSph. The chemical properties of this star are also consistent with those of an Sgr dSph-associated globular cluster, or of the Sgr stream member stars. Our finding suggests that J1443+1453 is an HVS that is either tidally stripped from the Sgr dSph or ejected from the Sgr dSph by the gravitational slingshot effect, requiring a (central) massive/intermediate-mass black hole or a (central) massive primordial black hole in the Sgr dSph.
Conservation of saproxylic beetles in the Carpathians
Authors: Mirea Marian , Manolache Steluta , Pioarca-Ciocanea Cristiana , Nita Andreea , Miu Iulia , Popescu Viorel , Brodie Bekka , Dragomir Matei , Militaru Ion , Chiriac Silviu , Rozylowicz Laurentiu 
Published: February 2021

Romanian Carpathians are considered a biodiversity hotspot in Europe, with large forested areas, including old-growth forests. Past forestry practices, such as selective logging resulting in forest high grading and removal of ancient or decaying trees, reduced the heterogeneity of forest structure and composition. These practices led to forest habitats with few veteran trees and a small amount of deadwood, which protected saproxylic beetles rely on for completing their complex life cycles. Moreover, saproxylic species are considered pest species under traditional forestry practices, as they reduce the value of timber. As such, Romanian forestry practices have actively sought to reduce the amount of deadwood in an effort to decrease the presence of saproxylic species, thus effectively isolating stands with a high diversity of saproxylic beetles.
The European Commission will finance the project LIFE19 NAT/RO/000023 Conservation of saproxylic beetles in the Carpathians LIFE ROsalia. The project aims to stop and reverse the loss of protected saproxylic beetles (Rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina, the hermit beetle Osmoderma eremita, great capricorn beetle Cerambyx cerdo, grey beetle Morimus funereus, and stag beetle Lucanus cervus) in the Carpathians by demonstrating conservation actions for increasing the connectivity of favorable habitats in the ROSCI0208 Putna-Vrancea (Eastern Carpathians, Romania), and transferring and replicating best management practices in other Romanian Natura 2000 sites.
LIFE ROsalia will be implemented between 2020 and 2025 by the Environmental Protection Agency Vrancea, the Center for Environmental Research at the University of Bucharest, the Putna-Vrancea Natural Park Administration, and the Association for Biodiversity Conservation.