bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family: Pacific perspectives
Authors: Forrest Lee‐Ann , du Preez Jan , Brownlow Charlotte 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModels that conceptualize family are employed by psychologists, governments, legislators, and policymakers to inform professional practice and formulate public policy. However, extant models are notably Western‐centric in both origin and context. Given the cultural diversity of today's globalized world, it is timely to question whether such models can adequately represent populations within their ambit. This paper takes Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model as one representative way of thinking about family and employs it as the point of contrast with Pacific family arrangements. Particular consideration is given to Indigenous Fijian (iTaukei), Tongan, and Māori perspectives. The model was found to be inadequate for representing Pacific family arrangements. This finding has important implications as it creates a space for new insights and possibilities. To this end, key family‐related metaphors common among Pacific peoples have been incorporated to conceptualize one potential alternative.
Tangeretin inhibits fungal ferroptosis to suppress rice blast
Authors: Liang Meiling , Ye Huijuan , Shen Qing , Jiang Xianya , Cui Guobing , Gu Wenxiang , Zhang Lian‐Hui , Naqvi Naweed I. , Deng Yi Zhen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites that function as signaling molecules, allopathic compounds, phytoalexins, detoxifying agents and antimicrobial defensive compounds in plants. Blast caused by the fungusMagnaporthe oryzaeis a serious disease affecting rice cultivation. In this study, we revealed that a natural flavonoid, tangeretin, substantially delays the formation ofM. oryzaeappressoria and blocks the development of blast lesions on rice plants. Our data suggest that tangeretin has antioxidant activity that interferes with conidial cell death/ferroptosis, which is critical forM. oryzaepathogenicity. Tangeretin showed a ferroptosis inhibition efficacy comparable to the well‐established liproxstatin‐1. Furthermore, overexpression of the NADPH oxidasesNOX1orNOX2significantly decreased sensitivity toward tangeretin treatment, suggesting Nox‐mediated lipid peroxidation as a possible target for tangeretin in regulating redox signaling and ferroptosis inM. oryzae. Our nursery and field tests showed that application of tangeretin can effectively mitigate overall disease symptoms and prevent leaf blast. Our study reveals the plant‐derived fungal ferroptosis inhibitor tangeretin as a potential and novel antifungal agrochemical for the sustainable prevention of the devastating blast disease in important cereal crops.
Higher spatial resolution improves the interpretation of the extent of ventricular trabeculation
Authors: Riekerk Hanne C. E. , Coolen Bram F. , J. Strijkers Gustav , van der Wal Allard C. , Petersen Steffen E. , Sheppard Mary N. , Oostra Roelof‐Jan , Christoffels Vincent M. , Jensen Bjarke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ventricular walls of the human heart comprise an outer compact layer and an inner trabecular layer. In the context of an increased pre‐test probability, diagnosis left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy is given when the left ventricle is excessively trabeculated in volume (trabecular vol >25% of total LV wall volume) or thickness (trabecular/compact (T/C) >2.3). Here, we investigated whether higher spatial resolution affects the detection of trabeculation and thus the assessment of normal and excessively trabeculated wall morphology. First, we screened left ventricles in 1112 post‐natal autopsy hearts. We identified five excessively trabeculated hearts and this low prevalence of excessive trabeculation is in agreement with pathology reports but contrasts the prevalence of approximately 10% of the population found by in vivo non‐invasive imaging. Using macroscopy, histology and low‐ and high‐resolution MRI, the five excessively trabeculated hearts were compared with six normal hearts and seven abnormally trabeculated and excessive trabeculation‐negative hearts. Some abnormally trabeculated hearts could be considered excessively trabeculated macroscopically because of a trabecular outflow or an excessive number of trabeculations, but they were excessive trabeculation‐negative when assessed with MRI‐based measurements (T/C <2.3 and vol <25%). The number of detected trabeculations and T/C ratio were positively correlated with higher spatial resolution. Using measurements on high resolution MRI and with histological validation, we could not replicate the correlation between trabeculations of the left and right ventricle that has been previously reported. In conclusion, higher spatial resolution may affect the sensitivity of diagnostic measurements and in addition could allow for novel measurements such as counting of trabeculations.
Prophylactic ligation of uterine arteries at its origin in laparoscopic surgical staging for endometrial cancer
Authors: Yavuzcan Ali , Bakay Kadir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes between patients who were staged laparoscopically for early‐stage endometrioid‐type endometrial cancer (EC) between those who underwent prophylactic ligation of uterine arteries (UAs) prior to pelvic lymphadenectomy and the patients who were operated with standard procedure.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in women diagnosed with early‐stage and low/intermediate‐risk endometrioid‐type EC. The control group included patients who underwent standard laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and the study group concerned patients who underwent prophylactic ligation of UA prior to pelvic lymphadenectomy. The prophylactic ligation of UA procedure was performed at a point just proximal to its origin.ResultsThe mean lymph node count dissected in the study group was higher in terms of statistical significance (17.5 ± 2.2 vs. 19.8 ± 3.6, p = 0.003 and p ˂ 0.05). The rate of the patients who had a positive pelvic lymph node detected did not differ between groups (7.4% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.258 and p ˂ 0.05). The operation time (OT) of the patients in the study group did not differ between groups (p = 0.546 and p ˂ 0.05). Hemoglobin drop (−0.5 ± 0.7) and hematocrite drop (−0.8 ± 0.9) values in the study group were found to be lower in the study group (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, and p ˂ 0.05).ConclusionsPerforming prophylactic ligation of UA at its origin prevents unwanted bleeding and facilitates the laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy procedure.
CXCR3 signalling partially contributes to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain in male rodents
Authors: Li Kai , Tan Yong‐Hui , Feng Shi‐Yang , Fu Kai‐Yuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there is a lack of effective therapy for chronic pain. Increasing evidence has shown that chemokines and their correlative receptors involved in the neuron–glial cell cross‐talk could contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Our previous studies suggested that CXCR3 expression was elevated in the spinal dorsal horn after nerve injury.ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to explore the role of CXCR3 signalling in chronic pain modulation.MethodsReverse transcription quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of CXCR3 and its ligands in the spinal cord following chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Cxcr3 ‐knockout mice were used to observe the effect of the receptor on pain‐related behaviour and microglial activation. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of two activation markers for spinal microglia, Iba‐1 and phosphorylated‐p38 (p‐p38) in these mice.ResultsThe expression of CXCR3 and its ligand CXCL11 was upregulated in the lumbar dorsal horn of the spinal cord in CCI models. In Cxcr3 ‐knockout mice, CCI‐induced tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were observed to be alleviated during the early stage of pain processing. Meanwhile, the expression of the glial activation markers, namely, Iba‐1 and p‐p38, was decreased.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that CXCR3 could be a key modulator involved in pain modulation of the spinal cord; therefore, CXCR3‐related signalling pathways could be potential targets for the treatment of intractable pathological pain.
The Association of Health Status and Employment Status for each Occupation: Results from a Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan1
Authors: Ariyoshi Mie , Nishikitani Mariko , Tsurugano Shinobu , Inoue Mariko , Yano Eiji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examined the association between occupation and health status among Japanese employees. The data from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan encompassed 102,575 employees (55,399 males and 47,176 females), who were employed workers aged 15–44 years. Self‐rated health was used as an indicator of health status in the health questionnaire. A multiple logistic regression analysis of the association between health status and occupation was conducted to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with an adjustment for confounding factors. When the non‐regular employees were assessed, many of their occupations were linked to poorer health tendencies in general, with the exception of male Service workers (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60–0.94). Finally, particular employment and occupations were observed as having better or worse health tendencies than other types of work.
A mesocosm study on bacteria‐kelp interactions: Importance of nitrogen availability and kelp genetics
Authors: Florez July Z. , Camus Carolina , Hengst Martha B. , Buschmann Alejandro H. 
Published: September 2021

Macroalgal holobiont studies involve understanding interactions between the host, its microbiota, and the environment. We analyzed the effect of bacteria–kelp interactions on phenotypic responses of two genetically distinct populations of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (north and south), exposed to different nitrogen (N) concentrations. In co‐culture experiments with different N concentration treatments, we evaluated kelp growth responses and changes in three specific molecular markers associated with the N cycle, both in epiphytic bacteria (relative abundance of nrfA‐gene: cytochrome c nitrite reductase) and macroalgae (expression of NR‐gene: nitrate reductase; GluSyn‐gene: glutamate synthase). Both kelp populations responded differently to N limitation, with M. pyrifera‐south sporophytes having a lower specific growth rate (SGR) under N‐limiting conditions than the northern population; M. pyrifera‐north sporophytes showed no significant differences in SGR when exposed to low‐N and high‐N concentrations. This corresponded to a higher GluSyn‐gene expression in the M. pyrifera‐north sporophytes and the co‐occurrence of specific nrfA bacterial taxa. These bacteria may increase ammonium availability under low‐N concentrations, allowing M. pyrifera‐north to optimize nutrient assimilation by increasing the expression of GluSyn. We conclude that bacteria–kelp interactions are important in enhancing kelp growth rates under low N availability, although this effect may be regulated by the genetic background of kelp populations.
A methodological problem in a supermultiplier model with too much acceleration
Authors: Franke Reiner 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis contribution is a critical reconsideration of the supermultiplier model put forward by Serrano, Freitas and Bhering (2019; ‘SFB’) in this journal (Metroeconomica, 70, 263–287). Reformulating their discrete‐time model in a way that makes the length of the adjustment period explicit, it aks whether two elementary postulates of a sound modelling are satisfied: (a) A model should also remain well‐defined when the adjustment period shrinks to zero; (b) The main qualitative dynamic properties should not essentially be affected by the choice of the adjustment period. It is found that postulate (a) is fulfilled but, regarding the presence of cyclical dynamics, postulate (b) is violated. In addition, the stability condition in the continuous‐time version has an unsatisfactory economic implication. On the other hand, a rival supermultiplier model (specified along the lines proposed by, in particular, Allain and Lavoie) is spared from these problems. The analysis suggests that the problem in SFB is caused by too strong an accelerator mechanism.
Precision‐cut lung slices: A powerful ex vivo model to investigate respiratory infectious diseases
Authors: Viana Flávia , O’Kane Cecilia M. , Schroeder Gunnar N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRespiratory infections are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Most of the research on the underlying disease mechanisms is based on cell culture, organoid, or surrogate animal models. Although these provide important insights, they have limitations. Cell culture models fail to recapitulate cellular interactions in the lung and animal models often do not permit high‐throughput analysis of drugs or pathogen isolates; hence, there is a need for improved, scalable models. Precision‐cut lung slices (PCLS), small, uniform tissue slices generated from animal or human lungs are increasingly recognized and employed as an ex vivo organotypic model. PCLS retain remarkable cellular complexity and the architecture of the lung, providing a platform to investigate respiratory pathogens in a near‐native environment. Here, we review the generation and features of PCLS, their use to investigate the pathogenesis of viral and bacterial pathogens, and highlight their potential to advance respiratory infection research in the future.
Characterization of mitogenomes from four Mucorales species and insights into pathogenicity
Authors: Liang Guanzhao , Zhang Meijie , Xu Wenqi , Wang Xiaowen , Zheng Hailin , Mei Huan , Liu Weida 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMucorales, as one major order of Zygomycetes fungi, can infect human beings and cause serious consequence. We have noticed the pathogenicity of Mucorales is closely related to energy metabolism, while mitochondria play the role of energy factories in almost all biological activities.MethodsVirulence of M irregularis, M hiemalis, L corymbifera and R arrhizus were verified in Galleria mellonella larvae, as well as mitochondrial gene copies analysed with RT‐qPCR. Mitogenomes of the four Mucorales species were sequenced based on illumina NovaSeq technology to study their characteristic features and functional regions.ResultsVariant virulence of M irregularis, M hiemalis, L corymbifera and R arrhizu were verified by clinical retrospective data and our G mellonella infection models, also copies of mitochondrial genes indicated the significant associations with pathogenicity. A total of 274.18 clean reads were generated to be assembled; the complete mitogenomes of the four Mucorales species were obtained with totally different length. After the genomes annotated and compared, M irregularis was found more similar with M hiemalis than those of L corymbifera and R arrhizus, especially the small (rrns) and large (rrnl) subunits of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The GC content, ncRNAs and the distribution of the SNPs and InDels were also compared, and the GC content rate of fungi seems to be related to the fungal thermal adaptability. In addition, linear mitogenomes of these four Mucorales showed diverse arrangements of orf genes and directionality of some conserved gene elements.ConclusionThis study uncovered the pathogenicity variances among the four Mucorales species and the relationship between their mitogenomic features and clinical pathogenicity. Further studies like spatial structure of mitochondrial genomes and the comprehensive analysis of transcription regulation are needed.
Influence of musical preferences and intraoperative questions on suturing speed
Authors: Peterson Jennifer L. , Moore George E. , Risselada Marije 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of music and surgeon‐directed questions on suturing speed.Study designRandomized observational study.Sample populationFifty‐five faculty veterinarians, residents, interns, and fourth‐year veterinary students.MethodsExperience, gender, and favorable and unfavorable music choices were self‐declared by participants. Each person performed four timed suture trials, which required them to complete a simple 10 cm continuous suture pattern on a model. The initial trial served as practice and did not include music or questions. The order of the three remaining trials was randomized, and consisted of one trial each with favorable music, unfavorable music, and required the participant to answer 2 questions. Trial duration was compared using a mixed effects linear model. Influence of gender and experience on participants’ categorical responses to 2 different questions was evaluated using a Pearson χ2 test and Fisher's exact test, respectively. Stratified analysis was used to evaluate further the effect of experience and gender.ResultsQuestion trials were on average 8.1 s longer than favorable music trials (P = .008), with no notable difference found between unfavorable and favorable music or unfavorable music and question trials. Experience (P = .021) and gender (P = .033) influenced participants’ response to question 1 but not question 2 (P = .267 and P = .839, respectively).ConclusionListening to favorable music, rather than answering questions, may result in decreased closure times. This influence was greater for less experienced individuals and less experienced male veterinarians and veterinary students.Clinical significanceThe absence of questions may increase suturing speed, particularly for minimally experienced surgeons or when instruction is taking place in a surgical laboratory setting.
Conservation Units and Sustainable Development Goals: An Examination of the Private Natural Heritage Dona Benta e Seu Caboclo in Brazil
Authors: Roque Andreia Maria , Coelho Andressa Sales , Melo Claudia Moura de 
Published: September 2021

The 2030 Agenda is a global action plan presented by the United Nations (UN) that establishes Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs. Conservation Units (UC) are an important element of the strategy towards nature conservation. Starting from a local approach to critically analyze these issues of global relevance, the focus of the investigation is the Dona Benta e Seu Caboclo Natural Heritage, a private conservation unit located in the municipality of Pirambu in the state of Sergipe and the community surrounding the Lagoa Redonda settlement. The study aimed to analyze the perception of the owner and the community regarding the environment, RPPN, and SDGs in order to build a critical approach to the issues that interconnect nature conservation and sustainable development. The methodology is based on the interview with the owner and a focus group with the community, carried out between January and March 2020. Following these interviews, it was ascertained that there is a divergence in how public and private lands are understood by locals: Private lands are exclusively associated with production, whilst public land is associated with conservation. Community representatives do not recognize RPPN as a conservation area, with those associated objectives. Yet, debates on the environment and sustainable development intertwined with nature conservation are recognized by everyone as a priority. In the end, it is possible to recognize the importance of strengthening a space for coexistence between the local population and the RPPN in order to implement common and transformative actions in favor of conservation, and sustainable development.
Operational Context Change Propagation Prediction on Autonomous Vehicles Architectures
Authors: Damak Youssef , Leroy Yann , Trehard Guillaume , Jankovic Marija 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Autonomous vehicles (AV) are designed to operate in a specific operational context (OC), and the adaptability of the vehicle's architecture to its OC is considered a significant success criterion of the design. AV design projects are rarely started from scratch and are often based on reference architectures. As such, the reference architecture must be modified and adapted to the OC. The current literature on engineering change (EC) propagation does not provide a method to identify and anticipate the impact of OC changes on the AV reference architecture. This paper proposes a two-step method for OC change propagation: (1) analyzing the direct impact of OC change and (2) evaluate the probabilities of indirect change propagation. The direct impact is assessed following a propagation path based upon a model mapping between an OC ontology, operational situations, and functional chains (FCs). The effects of functional chain changes on the AV components are analyzed and evaluated by domain experts with types of changes and associated probabilities. A Bayesian network (BN) is proposed to calculate the probabilities of indirect change propagation between component types of changes (ToCs). The method’s applicability and efficiency are validated on a real case design of AV architecture where the probabilities of the system components undergoing types of changes are evaluated.
Scalable One-Step Electrochemical Synthesis of a Graphene-Based Material with Controlled Morphology
Authors: Kirianova A. V. , Xieyu X. , Gallyamov M. O. , Kapitanova O. O. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
For the first time, electrochemical synthesis of graphene-based particles with a specified morphology has been demonstrated. It has been revealed that parameters of the electrochemical synthesis make it possible to control the degree of oxidation and lateral size of graphene-based particles.
Before/after intervention study to determine impact on life-cycle carbon footprint of converting from single-use to reusable sharps containers in 40 UK NHS trusts
Authors: Grimmond Terry Richard , Bright Anna , Cadman June , Dixon James , Ludditt Sally , Robinson Clive , Topping Clare 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo compare global warming potential (GWP) of hospitals converting from single-use sharps containers to reusable sharps containers (SSC, RSC). Does conversion to RSC result in GWP reduction?DesignUsing BS PAS 2050:2011principles, a retrospective, before/after intervention quantitative model together with a purpose-designed, attributional ‘cradle-to-grave’ life-cycle tool, were used to determine the annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the two sharps containment systems. Functional unit was total fill line litres (FLL) of sharps containers needed to dispose of sharps for 1-year period in 40 trusts. Scopes 1, 2 and 3 emissions were included. Results were workload-normalised using National Health Service (NHS) national hospital patient-workload indicators. A sensitivity analysis examined areas of data variability.SettingAcute care hospital trusts in UK.Participants40 NHS hospital Trusts using RSC.InterventionConversion from SSC to RSC. SSC and RSC usage details in 17 base line trusts immediately prior to 2018 were applied to the RSC usage details of the 40 trusts using RSC in 2019.Primary outcome measureThe comparison of GWP calculated in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) generated in the manufacture, transport, service and disposal of 12 months, hospital-wide usage of both containment systems in the 40 trusts.ResultsThe 40 trusts converting to RSC reduced their combined annual GWP by 3267.4 tonnes CO2e (−83.9%); eliminated incineration of 900.8 tonnes of plastic; eliminated disposal/recycling of 132.5 tonnes of cardboard and reduced container exchanges by 61.1%. GHG as kg CO2e/1000 FLL were 313.0 and 50.7 for SSC and RSC systems, respectively. A sensitivity analysis showed substantial GHG reductions within unit processes could be achieved, however, their impact on relevant final GWP comparison varied <5% from base comparison.ConclusionsAdopting RSC is an example of a sustainable purchasing decision that can assist trusts meet NHS GHG reduction targets and can reduce GWP permanently with minimal staff behavioural change.