bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green synthesis of bimetallic ZnO–CuO nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity properties
Authors: Cao Yan , Dhahad Hayder A. , El-Shorbagy M. A. , Alijani Hajar Q. , Zakeri Mana , Heydari Abolfazl , Bahonar Ehsan , Slouf Miroslav , Khatami Mehrdad , Naderifar Mahin , Iravani Siavash , Khatami Sanaz , Dehkordi Farnaz Farzaneh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, a simple and green strategy was reported to prepare bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) by the combination of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) using Sambucus nigra L. extract. The physicochemical properties of these NPs such as crystal structure, size, and morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results suggested that these NPs contained polygonal ZnO NPs with hexagonal phase and spherical CuO NPs with monoclinic phase. The anticancer activity of the prepared bimetallic NPs was evaluated against lung and human melanoma cell lines based on MTT assay. As a result, the bimetallic ZnO/CuO NPs exhibited high toxicity on melanoma cancer cells while their toxicity on lung cancer cells was low.
Comparative assessment of favipiravir and remdesivir against human coronavirus NL63 in molecular docking and cell culture models
Authors: Wang Yining , Li Pengfei , Rajpoot Sajjan , Saqib Uzma , Yu Peifa , Li Yunlong , Li Yang , Ma Zhongren , Baig Mirza S. , Pan Qiuwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHuman coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) mainly affects young children and immunocompromised patients, causing morbidity and mortality in a subset of patients. Since no specific treatment is available, this study aims to explore the anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents including favipiravir and remdesivir for treating HCoV-NL63 infection. We first successfully modelled the 3D structure of HCoV-NL63 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) based on the experimentally solved SARS-CoV-2 RdRp structure. Molecular docking indicated that favipiravir has similar binding affinities to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 RdRp with LibDock scores of 75 and 74, respectively. The LibDock scores of remdesivir to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 were 135 and 151, suggesting that remdesivir may have a higher affinity to HCoV-NL63 compared to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. In cell culture models infected with HCoV-NL63, both favipiravir and remdesivir significantly inhibited viral replication and production of infectious viruses. Overall, remdesivir compared to favipiravir is more potent in inhibiting HCoV-NL63 in cell culture. Importantly, there is no evidence of resistance development upon long-term exposure to remdesivir. Furthermore, combining favipiravir or remdesivir with the clinically used antiviral cytokine interferon-alpha resulted in synergistic effects. These findings provided a proof-of-concept that anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs, in particular remdesivir, have the potential to be repurposed for treating HCoV-NL63 infection.
Rib fracture detection system based on deep learning
Authors: Yao Liding , Guan Xiaojun , Song Xiaowei , Tan Yanbin , Wang Chun , Jin Chaohui , Chen Ming , Wang Huogen , Zhang Minming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRib fracture detection is time-consuming and demanding work for radiologists. This study aimed to introduce a novel rib fracture detection system based on deep learning which can help radiologists to diagnose rib fractures in chest computer tomography (CT) images conveniently and accurately. A total of 1707 patients were included in this study from a single center. We developed a novel rib fracture detection system on chest CT using a three-step algorithm. According to the examination time, 1507, 100 and 100 patients were allocated to the training set, the validation set and the testing set, respectively. Free Response ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the sensitivity and false positivity of the deep learning algorithm. Precision, recall, F1-score, negative predictive value (NPV) and detection and diagnosis were selected as evaluation metrics to compare the diagnostic efficiency of this system with radiologists. The radiologist-only study was used as a benchmark and the radiologist-model collaboration study was evaluated to assess the model’s clinical applicability. A total of 50,170,399 blocks (fracture blocks, 91,574; normal blocks, 50,078,825) were labelled for training. The F1-score of the Rib Fracture Detection System was 0.890 and the precision, recall and NPV values were 0.869, 0.913 and 0.969, respectively. By interacting with this detection system, the F1-score of the junior and the experienced radiologists had improved from 0.796 to 0.925 and 0.889 to 0.970, respectively; the recall scores had increased from 0.693 to 0.920 and 0.853 to 0.972, respectively. On average, the diagnosis time of radiologist assisted with this detection system was reduced by 65.3 s. The constructed Rib Fracture Detection System has a comparable performance with the experienced radiologist and is readily available to automatically detect rib fracture in the clinical setting with high efficacy, which could reduce diagnosis time and radiologists’ workload in the clinical practice.
Vulnerability to collapse of coral reef ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Obura David , Gudka Mishal , Samoilys Melita , Osuka Kennedy , Mbugua James , Keith David A. , Porter Sean , Roche Ronan , van Hooidonk Ruben , Ahamada Said , Araman Armindo , Karisa Juliet , Komakoma John , Madi Mouchtadi , Ravinia Isabelle , Razafindrainibe Haja , Yahya Saleh , Zivane Francisco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEcosystems worldwide are under increasing threat. We applied a standardized method for assessing the risk of ecosystem collapse, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Ecosystems, to coral reefs in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), covering 11,919 km2 of reef (~5% of the global total). Our approach combined indicators of change in historic ecosystem extent, ecosystem functioning (hard corals, fleshy algae, herbivores and piscivores) and projected sea temperature warming. We show that WIO coral reefs are vulnerable to collapse at the regional level, while in 11 nested ecoregions they range from critically endangered (islands, driven by future warming) to vulnerable (continental coast and northern Seychelles, driven principally by fishing pressure). Responses to avoid coral reef collapse must include ecosystem-based management of reefs and adjacent systems combined with mitigating and adapting to climate change. Our approach can be replicated across coral reefs globally to help countries and other actors meet conservation and sustainability targets set under multiple global conventions—including the Convention on Biological Diversity’s post-2020 global biodiversity framework and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
The flavonoid procyanidin C1 has senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice
Authors: Xu Qixia , Fu Qiang , Li Zi , Liu Hanxin , Wang Ying , Lin Xu , He Ruikun , Zhang Xuguang , Ju Zhenyu , Campisi Judith , Kirkland James L. , Sun Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAgeing-associated functional decline of organs and increased risk for age-related chronic pathologies is driven in part by the accumulation of senescent cells, which develop the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here we show that procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a polyphenolic component of grape seed extract (GSE), increases the healthspan and lifespan of mice through its action on senescent cells. By screening a library of natural products, we find that GSE, and PCC1 as one of its active components, have specific effects on senescent cells. At low concentrations, PCC1 appears to inhibit SASP formation, whereas it selectively kills senescent cells at higher concentrations, possibly by promoting production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. In rodent models, PCC1 depletes senescent cells in a treatment-damaged tumour microenvironment and enhances therapeutic efficacy when co-administered with chemotherapy. Intermittent administration of PCC1 to either irradiated, senescent cell-implanted or naturally aged old mice alleviates physical dysfunction and prolongs survival. We identify PCC1 as a natural senotherapeutic agent with in vivo activity and high potential for further development as a clinical intervention to delay, alleviate or prevent age-related pathologies.
Microbiota transplants from feces or gut content attenuated portal hypertension and portosystemic collaterals in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Huang Hui-Chun , Tsai Ming-Hung , Chang Ching-Chih , Pun Chon Kit , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Hou Ming-Chih , Lee Fa-Yauh , Hsu Shao-Jung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension is the end of chronic liver injury with hepatic, splanchnic and portosystemic collateral systems dysregulation. Liver injury is accompanied by gut dysbiosis whereas dysbiosis induces liver fibrosis, splanchnic angiogenesis and dysregulated vascular tones vice versa, making portal hypertension aggravated. It has been proved that intestinal microbiota transplantation alleviates dysbiosis. Nevertheless, the influences of microbiota transplantation on cirrhosis-related portal hypertension are not so clear. Liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. Sham rats were surgical controls. Rats randomly received vehicle, fecal or gut (terminal ileum) material transplantation. The results showed that microbiota transplantation from feces or gut material significantly reduced portal pressure in cirrhotic rats (P=0.010, 0.044). Hepatic resistance, vascular contractility, fibrosis and relevant protein expressions were not significantly different among cirrhotic rats. However, microbiota transplantation ameliorated splanchnic hyperdynamic flow and vasodilatation. Mesenteric angiogenesis, defined by whole mesenteric window vascular density, decreased in both transplantation groups and phosphorylated endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) was down-regulated. Portosystemic shunts determined by splenorenal shunt (SRS) flow decreased in both transplantation groups (P=0.037, 0.032). Shunting severity assessed by microsphere distribution method showed consistent results. Compared with sham rats, cirrhotic rats lacked Lachnospiraceae. Both microbiota transplants increased Bifidobacterium. In conclusion, microbiota transplantation in cirrhotic rats reduced portal pressure, alleviated splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation and portosystemic shunts. The main beneficial effects may be focused on portosystemic collaterals-related events, such as hepatic encephalopathy and gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage. Further clinical investigations are mandatory.
Sampling molecular gas in the Helix planetary nebula: Variation in HNC/HCN with UV flux
Authors: Bublitz J. , Kastner J. H. , Hily-Blant P. , Forveille T. , Santander-García M. , Alcolea J. , Bujarrabal V. 
Published: December 2021

Context. Observations of molecular clouds, prestellar cores, and protoplanetary disks have established that the HNC/HCN ratio may be a potent diagnostic of molecular gas physical conditions. The processes that govern the relative abundances of these molecules nevertheless remain poorly understood.
Aims. We seek to exploit the wide range of UV irradiation strengths within the ∼pc diameter Helix planetary nebula to explore the potential role of UV radiation in driving HNC/HCN.
Methods. We performed IRAM 30 m and APEX 12 m radio line observations across six positions within the Helix Nebula, making use of radiative transfer and photodissociation modeling codes to interpret the results for line intensities and line ratios in terms of the molecular gas properties.
Results. We have obtained the first detections of the plasma-embedded Helix molecular knots (globules) in HCN, HNC, HCO+, and other trace molecules. Analysis of the HNC/HCN integrated line intensity ratio reveals an increase with radial distance from the Helix central star. In the context of molecular line ratios of other planetary nebulae from the literature, the HNC/HCN ratio appears to be anticorrelated with UV emission over four orders of magnitude in incident flux. Models of the photodissociation regions within the Helix using the RADEX and Meudon codes reveal strong constraints on the column density (1.5–2.5 × 1012 cm−2) of the molecular gas, as well as pressure and temperature. Analysis of the molecular ion HCO+ across the Helix indicates that X-ray irradiation is likely driving HCO+ production in the outer regions of planetary nebulae, where photodissociation is limited but cold gas and ionized molecules are abundant.
Conclusions. Although the observational results clearly indicate that UV irradiation is important in determining the HNC/HCN ratio, our photodissociation region modeling indicates that the UV flux gradient alone cannot reproduce the observed variation in HNC/HCN across the Helix Nebula. Instead, HNC/HCN appears to be dependent on both UV irradiation and gas pressure and density.
Quo vadis Kompetenzvermittlung zur Rehabilitation?
Authors: Mau Wilfried 
Published: December 2021

Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,nach den letzten Informationen an dieser Stelle möchte ich Ihnen eine weitere
Veränderung bei den Herausgebern bekannt geben. Im Jahr 2022 wird die
Herausgeberfunktion für die Rubrik CME-Fortbildungen, die ich seit der
Einführung in dieser Zeitschrift im Jahr 2013 betreut habe, an Herrn Prof.
Dr. Axel Schlitt übergehen. Bei dieser Gelegenheit gilt mein herzlicher Dank
vor allem den Autorinnen und Autoren der mehr als 25 in diesem Zeitraum neu
erstellten CME-Fortbildungsbeiträge aus allen Indikationsbereichen der
medizinischen Rehabilitation. Mit großem Engagement ist es diesen meistens
in Rehabilitationseinrichtungen verantwortlich tätigen Kolleginnen und
Kollegen gelungen, auf Basis der besten verfügbaren Evidenz und mit
Berücksichtigung der Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland wertvolle
Orientierungen für die Praxis zu bieten. Sie tragen dazu bei, die
Möglichkeiten und den Stellenwert der Rehabilitation in den verschiedenen
Indikationsbereichen zu verdeutlichen. Einerseits erscheint dies vor dem Hintergrund
vielfältiger Herausforderungen der Rehabilitation dringend geboten,
andererseits bieten sich dafür verschiedene Chancen, die von allen
Akteurinnen und Akteuren im Kontext der Sicherung und Wiederherstellung von Teilhabe
zu nutzen sind. Dazu gehört das aktuelle Bewusstsein politisch
Verantwortlicher für die Bedeutung der Rehabilitation am Beispiel der
Long-/Post-COVID-19-Erkrankungen, das kürzlich von einer
interministeriellen Arbeitsgruppe ausgedrückt wurde (Deutscher Bundestag -
Drucksache 19/32659).
Gegenwärtige Aspekte des Liebeswahns
Authors: Hoffmann Knut , Juckel Georg 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBeim Liebeswahn handelt es sich um ein besonderes Phänomen unter den psychiatrischen Symptombildungen. Historisch zunächst als eigene Entität beschrieben, ist dies heutzutage nicht mehr zu halten. Liebeswahn kann in verschiedensten Kontexten auftreten und – nimmt man die Definition genau – sich sogar im Alltag wie im Verliebtsein manifestieren. In den letzten Jahrzehnten steht in diesem Zusammenhang immer mehr das Phänomen des Stalkings im Mittelpunkt. Es wird ein Überblick über die Entwicklung dieser Begrifflichkeit sowie die Übergänge zum Normalen gegeben.
Alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen
Authors: Engel Jannis , Krüger Tillmann 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGNach jahrzehnteübergreifender Diskussion über die nosologische Einordnung unkontrollierbaren exzessiven Sexualverhaltens, ist die Einführung der Diagnose des zwanghaften Sexualverhaltens für die kommende Ausgabe der International Classification of Disease (ICD-11) geplant. Auch wenn die Zuordnung zur Kategorie der Impulskontrollstörungen etwas widersprüchlich erscheint, ist nach unserem Erachten ein notwendiger Schritt erfolgt. Mit einer kommenden eigenständigen Kategorie wird es möglich sein, zwanghaftes Sexualverhalten diagnostisch zu klassifizieren, welches häufig klinisch relevantes Leid verursacht. Im vorliegenden Artikel stellen wir die Definition des zwanghaften Sexualverhaltens vor sowie Prävalenzschätzungen und zeigen eine mögliche Ätiologie auf. Weiterhin werden die Diagnostik und Grundlagen einer möglichen Psychotherapie und Pharmakotherapie vorgestellt.
Examining spread of emotional political content among Democratic and Republican candidates during the 2018 US mid-term elections
Authors: Wang Meng-Jie , Yogeeswaran Kumar , Sivaram Sivanand , Nash Kyle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevious research investigating the transmission of political messaging has primarily taken a valence-based approach leaving it unclear how specific emotions influence the spread of candidates’ messages, particularly in a social media context. Moreover, such work does not examine if any differences exist across major political parties (i.e., Democrats vs. Republicans) in their responses to each type of emotional content. Leveraging more than 7000 original messages published by Senate candidates on Twitter leading up to the 2018 US mid-term elections, the present study utilizes an advanced natural language tool (i.e., IBM Tone Analyzer) to examine how candidates’ multidimensional discrete emotions (i.e., joy, anger, fear, sadness, and confidence) displayed in a given tweet—might be more likely to garner the public’s attention online. While the results indicate that positive joy-signaling tweets are less likely to be retweeted or favorited on both sides of the political spectrum, the presence of anger- and fear-signaling tweets were significantly associated with increased diffusion among Republican and Democrat networks, respectively. Neither expressions of confidence nor sadness had an impact on retweet or favorite counts. Given the ubiquity of social media in contemporary politics, here we provide a starting point from which to disentangle the role of specific emotions in the proliferation of political messages, shedding light on the ways in which political candidates gain potential exposure throughout the election cycle.
Correlation of publication frequency of newspaper articles with environment and public health issues in fire-prone peatland regions of Riau in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Ohashi Masafumi , Kameda Akihiro , Kozan Osamu , Kawasaki Masahiro , Iriana Windy , Tonokura Kenichi , Naito Daisuke , Ueda Kayo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractForest fires in peatlands emit pollutants to the atmosphere, affecting public health. Though air quality data and epidemiology information are helpful in the management of the environment and public health, they are not always available. We aimed to reveal the utility of newspaper articles for estimating the public health concerns posed by air pollution. Using the database of a local newspaper, Riau Pos, in Riau Province of Sumatra, Indonesia, we have studied spatiotemporal correlations between publication frequency of newspaper articles mentioning search terms relevant to health issues and Fire Radiation Power (FRP) of peatland fires. FRP from one of the NASA satellite databases has been used as an index of air pollution caused by peatland fires. Visibility data for airport operation were also used as an index of particulate matter concentrations. The study regions are primarily the fire-prone Riau Province and nearby areas in the central area of Sumatra, Indonesia, from 2009 to 2018. Newspaper articles related to public health are found to be associated with FRP and visibility, or regional air pollution.
A 200 kJ electrical gun for hypervelocity launch
Authors: Luo Binqiang , Mo Jianjun , Xu Chao , Chen Xuemiao , Shui Rongjie 
Published: December 2021

In order to meet the requirements of hypervelocity launch in the context of defending against space debris and deflecting asteroids, an electrical gun with 200 kJ of storage energy was recently built. The electrical gun is composed of 16 gas spark switch-capacitor modules, and pulse current is transmitted by parallel aluminum plates that are insulated by polyester foils. The capacitance, inductance, and resistance of the RLC circuit of the 200 kJ electrical gun are 80 µF, 10.3 nH, and 2.6 mΩ, respectively. It can generate pulse current with a rise time of 1.33 µs and an amplitude of 5.2 MA when short-circuited at a charging voltage of 70 kV. Hypervelocity flyer launch experiments were carried out on the 200 kJ electrical gun, in which a ϕ20 × 0.5 mm2 Mylar flyer (0.22 g) was accelerated to 10 km/s.
Linking function to global and local dynamics in an elevator-type transporter
Authors: Ciftci Didar , Martens Chloe , Ghani Vishnu G. , Blanchard Scott C. , Politis Argyris , Huysmans Gerard H. M. , Boudker Olga 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceStructural snapshots of membrane transporters show that they cycle through several conformational states to bring substrates across the membrane. The rates of these molecular motions determine the activity of the transporters. In this work, we directly compare real-time single-molecule measurements of conformational changes and substrate transport rates in the model glutamate transporter homologue, GltPh. We couple these experiments with hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry measurements of local protein flexibility to directly link local and global conformational dynamics with function.
The forms and meanings of grammatical markers support efficient communication
Authors: Mollica Francis , Bacon Geoff , Zaslavsky Noga , Xu Yang , Regier Terry , Kemp Charles 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceGrammatical marking of features such as number, tense, and evidentiality varies widely across languages. Despite this variation, we show that grammatical markers support efficient information transfer from speakers to listeners. We apply a formal model of communication to data from dozens of languages and find that grammatical marking achieves a near-optimal balance between maximizing informativeness and minimizing code lengths. Our approach shows how general information-theoretic principles can capture variation in both form and meaning across languages.
Predicting patient response with models trained on cell lines and patient-derived xenografts by nonlinear transfer learning
Authors: Mourragui Soufiane M. C. , Loog Marco , Vis Daniel J. , Moore Kat , Manjon Anna G. , van de Wiel Mark A. , Reinders Marcel J. T. , Wessels Lodewyk F. A. 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceCell lines have been extensively used to study anticancer agents, thereby establishing vast molecular and drug response datasets. Unfortunately, the translation of cell line–derived biomarkers often fails. To bridge this gap between model systems and clinical practice, we developed a mathematical framework to capture gene expression patterns shared between model systems and human tumors in a consensus space. In this space, we trained drug response predictors on a panel of 1,000 cell lines and successfully predicted drug response on approximately 1,300 human tumors. Finally, we derived an approach to interpret the predictors, and we propose potential mechanisms mediating the cytotoxic effects of two drugs. Experimental validation is required to confirm these results.
Persistent deep water anoxia in the eastern South Atlantic during the last ice age
Authors: Riedinger Natascha , Scholz Florian , Abshire Michelle L. , Zabel Matthias 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceClimate variations are closely related to changes in ocean circulation, and this has important implications for the availability of oxygen in deep waters and the ocean’s CO2sequestration capacity. Potentially anoxic conditions have previously been inferred for the deep waters of the Southern Ocean and the Pacific, and low oxygen has been proposed for the North Atlantic deep waters during glacial cycles. Here, we provide clear evidence that fully anoxic conditions occurred in the deep waters of the eastern South Atlantic during the last glacial interval. This is an important finding implying that the Atlantic Ocean circulation was more sluggish during the advanced stage of the last ice age than previously assumed.