bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of a noise elimination method using continuous wave response of therapeutic ultrasound signals for ultrasonic monitoring of high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment
Authors: Takagi Ryo , Washio Toshikatsu , Koseki Yoshihiko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In this study, the robustness and feasibility of a noise elimination method using continuous wave response of therapeutic ultrasound signals were investigated when tissue samples were moved to simulate the respiration-induced movements of the different organs during actual high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment. In addition to that, the failure conditions of the proposed algorithm were also investigated.

Methods
The proposed method was applied to cases where tissue samples were moved along both the lateral and axial directions of the HIFU transducer to simulate respiration-induced motions during HIFU treatment, and the noise reduction level was investigated. In this experiment, the speed of movement was increased from 10 to 40 mm/s to simulate the actual movement of the tissue during HIFU exposure, with the intensity and driving frequency of HIFU set to 1.0–5.0 kW/cm2 and 1.67 MHz, respectively. To investigate the failure conditions of the proposed algorithm, the proposed method was applied with the HIFU focus located at the boundary between the phantom and water to easily cause cavitation bubbles. The intensity of HIFU was set to 10 kW/cm2.

Results
Almost all HIFU noise was constantly able to be eliminated using the proposed method when the phantom was moved along the lateral and axial directions during HIFU exposure. The noise reduction level (PRL in this study) at an intensity of 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 kW/cm2 was in the range of 28–32, 38–40, and 42–45 dB, respectively. On the other hand, HIFU noise was not basically eliminated during HIFU exposure after applying the proposed method in the case of cavitation generation at the HIFU focus.

Conclusions
The proposed method can be applicable even if homogeneous tissues or organs move axially or laterally to the direction of HIFU exposure because of breathing. A condition under which the proposed algorithm failed was when instantaneous tissue changes such as cavitation bubble generation occurred in the tissue, at which time the reflected continuous wave response became less steady.
Social Determination of HIV: Women’s Relationship Work in the Context of Mass Incarceration and Housing Vulnerability
Authors: Blankenship Kim M. , Rosenberg Alana , Keene Danya E. , Dawson Akiv J. , Groves Allison K. , Schlesinger Penelope 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe contrast a typical “social determinants of health” framing with a more dynamic and complex “social determination of health” framing to analyze HIV-related sexual risk among women in low-income, segregated neighborhoods in New Haven, CT. Using an abductive approach, we analyze repeated, longitudinal qualitative interviews conducted over a 2-year period with a sample of 14 HIV-negative women who engaged in sex with men during the study period. Three case studies are presented to demonstrate how behaviors and sexual practices typically described as HIV “risks” can be understood as part of the work of establishing and maintaining monogamous committed relationships, which we call “relationship work,” shaped in a context characterized by housing vulnerabilities and the many manifestations of mass incarceration and the surveillance state. We conclude by suggesting that for these women, their relationship work is the work of HIV prevention and life in low-income segregated neighborhoods is their HIV-related risk.
The iBerry study: a longitudinal cohort study of adolescents at high risk of psychopathology
Authors: Grootendorst-van Mil Nina H. , Bouter Diandra C. , Hoogendijk Witte J. G. , van Jaarsveld Stefanie F. L. M. , Tiemeier Henning , Mulder Cornelis L. , Roza Sabine J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe iBerry study is a population-based cohort study designed to investigate the transition from subclinical symptoms to a psychiatric disorder. Adolescents were selected based on their self-reported emotional and/or behavioral problems assessed by completing the strengths and difficulties questionnaire-youth (SDQ-Y) in their first year of high school. A total of 16,736 SDQ-Y questionnaires completed in the academic years 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 by students in the greater Rotterdam area in the Netherlands were screened. A high-risk group of adolescents was then selected based on the 15% highest-scoring adolescents, and a low-risk group was randomly selected from the 85% lowest-scoring adolescents, with a 2.5:1 ratio between the number of high-risk and low-risk adolescents. These adolescents were invited to come with one parent for a baseline visit consisting of interviews, questionnaires, neuropsychological tests, and biological measurements to assess determinants of psychopathology. A total of 1022 high-risk and low-risk adolescents (mean age at the first visit: 15.0 years) enrolled in the study. The goal of the iBerry study is to follow these adolescents for a 10-year period in order to monitor any changes in their symptoms. Here, we present the study design, response rate, inclusion criteria, and the characteristics of the cohort; in addition, we discuss possible selection effects. We report that the oversampling procedure was successful at selecting a cohort of adolescents with a high rate of psychiatric problems based on comprehensive multi-informant measurements. The future results obtained from the iBerry Study will provide new insights into the way in which the mental health of high-risk adolescents changes as they transition to adulthood. These findings will therefore facilitate the development of strategies designed to optimize mental healthcare and prevent psychopathology.
The Ethics of Touch and the Importance of Nonhuman Relationships in Animal Agriculture
Authors: Cooke Steve 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnimal agriculture predominantly involves farming social animals. At the same time, the nature of agriculture requires severely disrupting, eliminating, and controlling the relationships that matter to those animals, resulting in harm and unhappiness for them. These disruptions harm animals, both physically and psychologically. Stressed animals are also bad for farmers because stressed animals are less safe to handle, produce less, get sick more, and produce poorer quality meat. As a result, considerable efforts have gone into developing stress-reduction methods. Many of these attempt to replicate behaviours or physiological responses that develop or constitute bonding between animals. In other words, humans try to mitigate or ameliorate the damage done by preventing and undermining intraspecies relationships. In doing so, the wrong of relational harms is compounded by an instrumentalisation of trust and care. The techniques used are emblematic of the welfarist approach to animal ethics. Using the example of gentle touching in the farming of cows for beef and dairy, the paper highlights two types of wrong. First, a wrong done in the form of relational harms, and second, a wrong done by instrumentalising relationships of care and trust. Relational harms are done to nonhuman animals, whilst instrumentalisation of care and trust indicates an insensitivity to morally salient features of the situation and a potential character flaw in the agents that carry it out.
Polyurethane derived from castor oil monoacylglyceride (Ricinus communis) for bone defects reconstruction: characterization and in vivo testing
Authors: de Morais João Pedro Pereira , Pacheco Isnayra Kerolaynne Carneiro , Filho Antonio Luiz Martins Maia , Ferreira Daniel Cabral Leão , Viana Felipe José Costa , da Silva Reis Fernando , de Matos José Milton Elias , dos Santos Rizzo Marcia , Fialho Ana Cristina Vasconcelos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiomaterials used in tissue regeneration processes represent a promising option for the versatility of its physical and chemical characteristics, allowing for assisting or speeding up the repair process stages. This research has characterized a polyurethane produced from castor oil monoacylglyceride (Ricinus communis L) and tested its effect on reconstructing bone defects in rat calvaria, comparing it with commercial castor oil polyurethane. The characterizations of the synthesized polyurethane have been performed by spectroscopy in the infrared region with Fourier transform (FTIR); thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG); X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). For the in vivo test, 24 animals have been used, divided into 3 groups: untreated group (UG); control group treated with Poliquil® castor polyurethane (PCP) and another group treated with castor polyurethane from the Federal University of Piauí - UFPI (CPU). Sixteen weeks after surgery, samples of the defects were collected for histological and histomorphometric analysis. FTIR analysis has shown the formation of monoacylglyceride and polyurethane. TG and DTG have indicated thermal stability of around 125 °C. XRD has determined the semi-crystallinity of the material. The polyurethane SEM has shown a smooth morphology with areas of recesses. Histological and histomorphometric analyzes have indicated that neither CPU nor PCP induced a significant inflammatory process, and CPU has shown, statistically, better performance in bone formation. The data obtained shows that CPU can be used in the future for bone reconstruction in the medical field.
Biomechanical evaluation of temporary epiphysiodesis at the femoral epiphysis using established devices from clinical practice
Authors: Struwe Charlotte , Walter Sebastian G. , Druschel Claudia , Bornemann Rahel , Ploeger Milena , Koob Sebastian , Placzek Richard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare biomechanical features of different devices used in clinical routine for temporary epiphysiodesis (eight-Plate® and FlexTackTM). The tested implants were divided into four different groups (eight-Plate® vs. FlexTackTM for lateral and anterior implantation) á 10 samples for testing implanted eight-Plate® vs. FlexTackTM in fresh frozen pig femora for maximum load forces (Fmax) and axial physis distance until implant failure (lmax). A servo hydraulic testing machine (858 Mini Bionix 2) was used to exert and measure reproducible forces. Statistical analyses tested for normal distribution and significant (p < 0.05) differences in primary outcome parameters. There were no significant differences between the eight-Plate® lateral group and the FlexTackTM lateral group for neither Fmax (p = 0.46) nor lmax (p = 0.65). There was a significant higher Fmax (p < 0.001) and lmax (p = 0.001) measured in the eight-Plate® group compared to the FlexTackTM group when implanted anteriorly. In anterior temporary ephiphysiodesis, eight-Plate® demonstrated superior biomechanical stability. At this stage of research, there is no clear advantage of either implant and the choice remains within the individual preference of the surgeon.
Attachment and the Development of Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: The Role of Regulating Positive and Negative Affect
Authors: Verhees Martine W. F. T. , Finet Chloë , Vandesande Sien , Bastin Margot , Bijttebier Patricia , Bodner Nadja , Van Aswegen Tanya , Van de Walle Magali , Bosmans Guy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough widely accepted, attachment theory’s hypothesis that insecure attachment is associated with the development of depressive symptoms through emotion regulation strategies has never been longitudinally tested in adolescence. Additionally, previous research only focused on strategies for regulating negative affect, whereas strategies for regulating positive affect may also serve as a mechanism linking insecure attachment to depressive symptoms. This study aimed to fill these research gaps by testing whether the association between attachment and change in depressive symptoms over time is explained by strategies for regulating negative and positive affect in adolescence. Adolescents (N = 1706; 53% girls; Mage = 12.78 years, SDage = 1.54 at Time 1) were tested three times, with a 1-year interval between measurement times. They reported on their attachment anxiety and avoidance at Time 1, depressive symptoms at Times 1 and 3, and regulation of negative affect (brooding and dampening) and positive affect (focusing and reflection) at Time 2. The results from multiple mediation analyses showed that more anxiously attached adolescents developed more depressive symptoms via increased brooding and dampening. More avoidantly attached adolescents developed more depressive symptoms via decreased focusing. These findings provide longitudinal support for attachment theory’s emotion regulation hypothesis, and show that the regulation of both negative and positive affect is important.
The relative abundance of wheat Rubisco activase isoforms is post-transcriptionally regulated
Authors: Perdomo Juan Alejandro , Buchner Peter , Carmo-Silva Elizabete 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiurnal rhythms and light availability affect transcription–translation feedback loops that regulate the synthesis of photosynthetic proteins. The CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco is the most abundant protein in the leaves of major crop species and its activity depends on interaction with the molecular chaperone Rubisco activase (Rca). InTriticum aestivumL. (wheat), three Rca isoforms are present that differ in their regulatory properties. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the relative abundance of the redox-sensitive and redox-insensitive Rca isoforms could be differentially regulated throughout light–dark diel cycle in wheat. WhileTaRca1-βexpression was consistently negligible throughout the day, transcript levels of bothTaRca2-βandTaRca2-αwere higher and increased at the start of the day, with peak levels occurring at the middle of the photoperiod. Abundance of TaRca-β protein was maximal 1.5 h after the peak inTaRca2-βexpression, but the abundance of TaRca-α remained constant during the entire photoperiod. The redox-sensitive TaRca-α isoform was less abundant, representing 85% of the redox-insensitive TaRca-β at the transcript level and 12.5% at the protein level. Expression of Rubisco large and small subunit genes did not show a consistent pattern throughout the diel cycle, but the abundance of Rubisco decreased by up to 20% during the dark period in fully expanded wheat leaves. These results, combined with a lack of correlation between transcript and protein abundance for both Rca isoforms and Rubisco throughout the entire diel cycle, suggest that the abundance of these photosynthetic enzymes is post-transcriptionally regulated.
On L-functions of modular elliptic curves and certain K3 surfaces
Authors: Amir Malik , Hong Letong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInspired by Lehmer’s conjecture on the non-vanishing of the Ramanujan $$\tau $$
τ
-function, one may ask whether an odd integer $$\alpha $$
α
can be equal to $$\tau (n)$$

τ
(
n
)

or any coefficient of a newform f(z). Balakrishnan, Craig, Ono and Tsai used the theory of Lucas sequences and Diophantine analysis to characterize non-admissible values of newforms of even weight $$k\ge 4$$

k
≥
4

. We use these methods for weight 2 and 3 newforms and apply our results to L-functions of modular elliptic curves and certain K3 surfaces with Picard number $$\ge 19$$

≥
19

. In particular, for the complete list of weight 3 newforms $$f_\lambda (z)=\sum a_\lambda (n)q^n$$

f
λ

(
z
)

=
∑

a
λ

(
n
)

q
n

that are $$\eta $$
η
-products, and for $$N_\lambda $$

N
λ

the conductor of some elliptic curve $$E_\lambda $$

E
λ

, we show that if $$|a_\lambda (n)|<100$$

|

a
λ

(
n
)

|
<
100

is odd with $$n>1$$

n
>
1

and $$(n,2N_\lambda )=1$$

(
n
,
2

N
λ

)
=
1

, then $$\begin{aligned} a_\lambda (n) \in&\{-5,9,\pm 11,25, \pm 41, \pm 43, -45,\pm 47,49, \pm 53,55, \pm 59, \pm 61,\\&\pm 67, -69,\pm 71,\pm 73,75, \pm 79,\pm 81, \pm 83, \pm 89,\pm 93 \pm 97, 99\}. \end{aligned}$$

a
λ

(
n
)

∈

{
-
5
,
9
,
±
11
,
25
,
±
41
,
±
43
,
-
45
,
±
47
,
49
,
±
53
,
55
,
±
59
,
±
61
,

±
67
,
-
69
,
±
71
,
±
73
,
75
,
±
79
,
±
81
,
±
83
,
±
89
,
±
93
±
97
,
99
}
.

Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we can rule out a few more possibilities leaving $$\begin{aligned} a_\lambda (n) \in \{-5,9,\pm 11,25,-45,49,55,-69,75,\pm 81,\pm 93, 99\}. \end{aligned}$$

a
λ

(
n
)

∈

{
-
5
,
9
,
±
11
,
25
,
-
45
,
49
,
55
,
-
69
,
75
,
±
81
,
±
93
,
99
}

.
Disability and work intensity in Italian households
Authors: Calegari Elena , Fabrizi Enrico , Mussida Chiara 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe 2030 Agenda of the United Nations clearly sets the inclusion of persons with disabilities in the labour market as a main goal. However, especially in care welfare systems characterized by a low level of social services, disability not only impacts the labour market participation of disabled people themselves but may also affect the labour opportunities of other members of their household. Using EU-SILC data to compute individual work intensity-as a better measure of the actual level of labour attainment-this paper aims to disentangle direct and indirect correlations between disability and labour market participation in Italian households. In confirming the negative direct correlation between disability and labour market participation, the results also show a negative indirect correlation that depends on the family relationship between the disabled person and household members.
Signalling entrepreneurs’ credibility and project quality for crowdfunding success: cases from the Kickstarter and Indiegogo environments
Authors: Huang Shuangfa , Pickernell David , Battisti Martina , Nguyen Thang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, entrepreneurs have increasingly turned to crowdfunding, a new form of entrepreneurial finance, to fund projects. Whilst research has shown that signals originating from the entrepreneur and project can affect the outcome of crowdfunding, how different signals work together under different signalling environments remains underexplored. Drawing on signalling theory, we examine how signals of entrepreneurs’ credibility (success, failure, backer and industry experience) and project quality (preparedness and third-party endorsements) produce crowdfunding success in different signalling environments. We collected a unique dataset with matched projects listed on both Kickstarter and Indiegogo, but with different funding models, to represent two distinct signalling environments. Results based on qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) identify two distinct signalling patterns that show entrepreneur’s credibility and project quality signals can complement each other to produce crowdfunding success. In an environment with less uncertainty, entrepreneur’s credibility in terms of crowdfunding experience can also compensate absent project quality to produce crowdfunding success. In an environment with higher uncertainty, entrepreneur’s credibility and project quality need to be both present to establish the necessary legitimacy for crowdfunding to be successful. Furthermore, by integrating positive (i.e. success) and negative (i.e. failure) signals, we demonstrate how signal incongruence can enhance crowdfunding success.Plain English Summary Failure experience is an important signal in achieving crowdfunding success, but its effectiveness depends on other signals as well as the signalling environment. Our study shows how crowdfunding success can be achieved in multiple ways and that the path to success depends on the funding model of the platform used. For entrepreneurs to demonstrate credibility, backer experience and project preparedness are important. Both are under the control of the entrepreneur and well worth considering investing effort into. Importantly, the study also shows that demonstrating failure experience is important in achieving crowdfunding success. Failure experience can either replace the lack of prior success experience by demonstrating a track record of learning or it can enhance prior success experience by producing a more realistic picture of the entrepreneurs. Thus, the study offers practical implications for entrepreneurs on how to use different signals to increase the likelihood of success in reward-based crowdfunding.
The Form of Life of Sanctity in Music Beyond Hagiography: The Case of John Coltrane and His “Ascension”
Authors: Marino Gabriele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe paper investigates the cultural unit of “sanctity” in the light of the notion of “form of life”, in order to show how jazz master John Coltrane (1926–1967) pursued sanctity as a regulative model with regards both to personhood and musicianship, so as to translate his existential quest into music. Firstly, the paper briefly summarizes: what we mean today by sanctity (focusing on Catholicism and distinguishing between a traditional view and a contemporary, post-Conciliar one); what are the relationships interweaving music and sanctity (the latter mainly providing the former with imagery and narrative—e.g. hagiographic—model); what we mean by form of life—a notion (Lebensform) brought into philosophical discourse by Ludwig Wittgenstein—in semiotic terms (Jacques Fontanille) and why we can apply it to sanctity. Afterwards, the paper addresses Coltrane’s musical career, relying both on hagiographic discourse built around him (e.g. John Scheinfeld’s documentary Chasing Trane, 2016) and his discography, with special focus on three game-changers among his albums: Giant Steps (1960), A Love Supreme (1965), and Ascension (1967, published posthumously). Coltrane headed a twofold conversion: he abandoned his native Methodist faith to embrace a personal form of syncretic pantheism; he abandoned the language of traditional jazz to embrace the avant-garde technique of modal composition (in the line of George Russell, Bill Evans, Miles Davis) and the once despised free jazz (Ornette Coleman). Not only Coltrane wanted to be a saint, not only was he regarded as such to the extent that a “St. John William Coltrane Church” was established in San Francisco (by 1969, with official recognition in 1982), but he tried to be one through music; namely, by conveying his spiritual journey via sonic means: proposing a musical catechism (Giant Steps), a musical mass (A Love Supreme), and his own mystique (Ascension). Consistently with the process of selection any saintly figure—and mystiques especially—undergoes in order to be canonized stricto sensu, only some tokens within Coltrane’s body of work were included in the canon (both of the musical and religious kind), while his later works were left out due to their radicalism.
Can Financial Economics Cure Cancer?
Authors: Lo Andrew W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFunding for early-stage biomedical innovation has become more difficult to secure at the same time that medical breakthroughs seem to be occurring at ever increasing rates. One explanation for this counterintuitive trend is that increasing scientific knowledge can actually lead to greater economic risk for investors in the life sciences. While the Human Genome Project, high-throughput screening, genetic biomarkers, immunotherapies, and gene therapies have made a tremendously positive impact on biomedical research and, consequently, patient lives, they have also increased the cost and complexity of the drug development process, causing many investors to shift their assets to more attractive investment opportunities. This suggests that new business models and financing strategies can be used to reduce the risk and increase the attractiveness of biomedical innovation so as to bring new and better therapies to patients faster.