bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration and refugees: applying human rights to ‘everyone’?
Authors: Cenker Michal , Holder Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Chapter 10 critically assesses the role of international human rights protections in promoting the rights of migrants and refugees in the context of globalisation, continuing global socio-economic inequalities and global conflict. While the whole concept of human rights rests on humanitarianism and not citizenship, international human rights mechanisms, such as the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), have often allowed states to apply restricted rights to non-citizens and while the UN Migrant Worker Convention exists, it remains the only core UN human rights instrument not to receive widespread ratification. This chapter discusses some of the issues which prevent the establishment of universal human rights protections for migrants and refugees, and how such protections have often been limited by a range of economic, political and security considerations along with prejudicial attitudes in potential host countries.
Housing Shock
Authors: Hearne Rory 
Published: January 2021

The unprecedented housing and homelessness crisis in Ireland is having profound impacts on Generation Rent, the wellbeing of children, worsening wider inequality and threatening the economy. Housing Shock contextualises the Irish housing crisis within the broader global housing situation by examining the origins of the crisis in terms of austerity, marketisation and the new era of financialisation, where global investors are making housing unaffordable and turning homes into assets for the wealthy. The COVID-19 pandemic has also shown the central importance of secure, affordable, decent standard homes and housing and this book details the structural problems and inequalities that COVID has exposed. It also brings to the fore the perspectives of those most affected by the crisis, new housing activists and protesters whilst providing innovative global solutions for a new vision for affordable, sustainable homes for all including “a green new deal for housing that provides affordable sustainable homes and communities for all”, a new form of public housing and putting the right to adequate, affordable, secure housing in the constitution and law. And it points to hopeful aspects in the new civil society housing protest movements in Ireland. It also details the contribution that academics and policy makers can make in social change in housing. This book shows how housing is fundamental to our wellbeing and a housing system that ensures everyone has an affordable secure home is beneficial for all and that achieving this is a political and societal choice.
Optimal Łojasiewicz–Simon inequalities and Morse–Bott Yang–Mills energy functions
Authors: Feehan Paul M. N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor any compact Lie group 𝐺 and closed, smooth Riemannian manifold(X,g)(X,g)of dimensiond≥2d\geq 2, we extend a result due to Uhlenbeck (1985) that gives existence of a flat connection on a principal 𝐺-bundle over 𝑋 supporting a connection withLpL^{p}-small curvature, whenp>d/2p>d/2, to the case of a connection withLd/2L^{d/2}-small curvature. We prove an optimal Łojasiewicz–Simon gradient inequality for abstract Morse–Bott functions on Banach manifolds, generalizing an earlier result due to the author and Maridakis (2019), principally by removing the hypothesis that the Hessian operator be Fredholm with index zero. We apply this result to prove the optimal Łojasiewicz–Simon gradient inequality for the self-dual Yang–Mills energy function near regular anti-self-dual connections over closed Riemannian four-manifolds and for the full Yang–Mills energy function over closed Riemannian manifolds of dimensiond≥2d\geq 2, when known to be Morse–Bott at a given Yang–Mills connection. We also prove the optimal Łojasiewicz–Simon gradient inequality by direct analysis near a given flat connection that is a regular point of the curvature map.
Equilibrium measure for a nonlocal dislocation energy with physical confinement
Authors: Mora Maria Giovanna , Scagliotti Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we characterize the equilibrium measure for a family of nonlocal and anisotropic energies

I
α

I_{\alpha}

that describe the interaction of particles confined in an elliptic subset of the plane.
The case

α
=
0

\alpha=0

corresponds to purely Coulomb interactions, while the case

α
=
1

\alpha=1

describes interactions of positive edge dislocations in the plane.
The anisotropy into the energy is tuned by the parameter 𝛼 and favors the alignment of particles.
We show that the equilibrium measure is completely unaffected by the anisotropy and always coincides with the optimal distribution in the case

α
=
0

\alpha=0

of purely Coulomb interactions, which is given by an explicit measure supported on the boundary of the elliptic confining domain.
Our result does not seem to agree with the mechanical conjecture that positive edge dislocations at equilibrium tend to arrange themselves along “wall-like” structures.
Moreover, this is one of the very few examples of explicit characterization of the equilibrium measure for nonlocal interaction energies outside the radially symmetric case.
A note on non-commutative polytopes and polyhedra
Authors: Huber Beatrix , Netzer Tim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It is well-known that every polyhedral cone is finitely generated (i.e. polytopal), and vice versa. Surprisingly, the two notions differ almost always for non-commutative versions of such cones, as was recently proved by different authors. In this note we give a direct and constructive proof of the statement. Our proof yields a new and surprising quantitative result: the difference of the two notions can always be seen at the first level of non-commutativity, i.e. for matrices of size 2, independent of dimension and complexity of the initial convex cone.
Sustainability Disclosure and the Financialization of Social Sustainability
Authors: Woschnack Daniela , Hiss Stefanie , Nagel Sebastian , Teufel Bernd 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This empirical study explores the financialization of social sustainability driven by sustainability accounting and reporting initiatives (SARIs). Since no globally accepted definition of what social sustainability encompasses exists, the paper asks how social sustainability is translated into the financial market language by SARIs as they provide standards for disclosing corporate non-financial performance and promote their concepts of social sustainability. The paper uses a two-step qualitative content analysis. First, it operationalizes social sustainability based on the empirical data of six sustainability rating agencies. Second, this operationalization is compared with the concepts created by three SARIs. The paper shows significant differences between the concepts of the SARIs and the rating agencies. While the rating agencies altogether interpret social sustainability with 83 distinct aspects, the SARIs, although differently created, use significant reduced concepts where 20% of these aspects are absent. The result of this financialization process could be a simplified and financially determined concept of social sustainability within die socially discourse. The research is limited to social sustainability and its financialization by SARIs. Individual indicators and their way or intensity to capture aspects of social sustainability were not part of the research interest. Further research should investigate the economic and the ecological pillars of sustainability as well as the usage of such financialized concepts within the society and especially by corporations. The paper unfolds the arbitrariness of operationalizing a qualitative phenomenon like social sustainability through the financial system. It discloses the need for looking at the mechanisms behind such processes and at the interests of the actors behind the frameworks. The paper reveals the financialization process driven by SARIs and demonstrates its simplifying effects on the concept of social sustainability. Furthermore, the paper shows that SARIs as metrics for non-financial aspects are troubled with a lack of transparency and a lack of convergence.
Blowing-up solutions of the time-fractional dispersive equations
Authors: Alsaedi Ahmed , Ahmad Bashir , Kirane Mokhtar , Torebek Berikbol T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the study of initial-boundary value problems for time-fractional analogues of Korteweg-de Vries, Benjamin-Bona-Mahony, Burgers, Rosenau, Camassa-Holm, Degasperis-Procesi, Ostrovsky and time-fractional modified Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equations on a bounded domain. Sufficient conditions for the blowing-up of solutions in finite time of aforementioned equations are presented. We also discuss the maximum principle and influence of gradient non-linearity on the global solvability of initial-boundary value problems for the time-fractional Burgers equation. The main tool of our study is the Pohozhaev nonlinear capacity method. We also provide some illustrative examples.
Nonexistence of Solutions for Dirichlet Problems with Supercritical Growth in Tubular Domains
Authors: Molle Riccardo , Passaseo Donato 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We deal with Dirichlet problems of the form

{

Δ
⁢
u

+

f
⁢

(
u
)

=
0

in
⁢
Ω

,

u

=
0

on
⁢

∂
⁡
Ω

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{}\Delta u+f(u)&\displaystyle=0&&% \displaystyle\phantom{}\text{in }\Omega,\\ \displaystyle u&\displaystyle=0&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{on }\partial% \Omega,\end{aligned}\right.

where Ω is a bounded domain of

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

,

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

, and f has supercritical growth from the viewpoint of Sobolev embedding. In particular, we consider the case where Ω is a tubular domain

T
ε

⁢

(

Γ
k

)

{T_{\varepsilon}(\Gamma_{k})}

with thickness

ε
>
0

{{\varepsilon}>0}

and center

Γ
k

{\Gamma_{k}}

, a k-dimensional, smooth, compact submanifold of

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

. Our main result concerns the case where

k
=
1

{k=1}

and

Γ
k

{\Gamma_{k}}

is contractible in itself. In this case we prove that the problem does not have nontrivial solutions for

ε
>
0

{{\varepsilon}>0}

small enough. When

k
≥
2

{k\geq 2}

or

Γ
k

{\Gamma_{k}}

is noncontractible in itself we obtain weaker nonexistence results. Some examples show that all these results are sharp for what concerns the assumptions on k and f.
A Qualitative Study of (p,q) Singular Parabolic Equations: Local Existence, Sobolev Regularity and Asymptotic Behavior
Authors: Giacomoni Jacques , Kumar Deepak , Sreenadh Konijeti 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the article is to study the existence, regularity, stabilization and blow-up results of weak solution to the following parabolic(p,q){(p,q)}-singular equation:($\mathrm{P}_{t}$){ut-Δp⁢u-Δq⁢u=ϑ⁢u-δ+f⁢(x,u),u>0in ⁢Ω×(0,T),u=0on ⁢∂⁡Ω×(0,T),u⁢(x,0)=u0⁢(x)in ⁢Ω,\displaystyle{}\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{}u_{t}-\Delta_{p}u-\Delta_% {q}u&\displaystyle=\vartheta u^{-\delta}+f(x,u),\quad u>0&&\displaystyle% \phantom{}\text{in }\Omega\times(0,T),\\ \displaystyle u&\displaystyle=0&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{on }\partial% \Omega\times(0,T),\\ \displaystyle u(x,0)&\displaystyle=u_{0}(x)&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{in }% \Omega,\end{aligned}\right.where Ω is a bounded domain inℝN{\mathbb{R}^{N}}withC2{C^{2}}boundary∂⁡Ω{\partial\Omega},1<q<p<∞{1<q<p<\infty},0<δ,T>0{0<\delta,T>0},N≥2{N\geq 2}andϑ>0{\vartheta>0}is a parameter. Moreover, we assume thatf:Ω×[0,∞)→ℝ{f:\Omega\times[0,\infty)\to\mathbb{R}}is a bounded below Carathéodory function, locally Lipschitz with respect to the second variable uniformly inx∈Ω{x\in\Omega}andu0∈L∞⁢(Ω)∩W01,p⁢(Ω){u_{0}\in L^{\infty}(\Omega)\cap W^{1,p}_{0}(\Omega)}. We distinguish the cases asq-subhomogeneous andq-superhomogeneous depending on the growth off(hereafter we will drop the termq). In the subhomogeneous case, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution to problem (Pt{\mathrm{P}_{t}}) forδ<2+1p-1{\delta<2+\frac{1}{p-1}}. For this, we first study the stationary problems corresponding to (Pt{\mathrm{P}_{t}}) by using the method of sub- and supersolutions and subsequently employing implicit Euler method, we obtain the existence of a solution to (Pt{\mathrm{P}_{t}}). Furthermore, in this case, we prove the stabilization result, that is, the solutionu⁢(t){u(t)}of (Pt{\mathrm{P}_{t}}) converges tou∞{u_{\infty}}, the unique solution to the stationary problem, inL∞⁢(Ω){L^{\infty}(\Omega)}ast→∞{t\rightarrow\infty}. For the superhomogeneous case, we prove the local existence theorem by taking help of nonlinear semigroup theory. Subsequently, we prove finite time blow-up of solution to problem (Pt{\mathrm{P}_{t}}) for small parameterϑ>0{\vartheta>0}in the caseδ≤1{\delta\leq 1}and for allϑ>0{\vartheta>0}in the caseδ>1{\delta>1}. Moreover, we prove higher Sobolev integrability of the solution to purely singular problem corresponding to the steady state of (Pt{\mathrm{P}_{t}}), which is of independent interest. As a consequence of this, we improve the Sobolev regularity of solution to (Pt{\mathrm{P}_{t}}) for the caseδ<2+1p-1{\delta<2+\frac{1}{p-1}}.
Construction of Solutions for Hénon-Type Equation with Critical Growth
Authors: Guo Yuxia , Liu Ting 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider the following Hénon-type problem with critical growth:

(H)

{

-

Δ
⁢
u

=

K
⁢

(

|

y
′

|

,

y
′′

)

⁢

u

2
*

-
1

,

u
>
0

in
⁢

B
1

,

u

=
0

on
⁢

∂
⁡

B
1

,

\displaystyle{}\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{}-\Delta u&\displaystyle=K% (|y^{\prime}|,y^{\prime\prime})u^{2^{*}-1},\quad u>0&&\displaystyle\text{in }B% _{1},\\ \displaystyle u&\displaystyle=0&&\displaystyle\text{on }\partial B_{1},\end{% aligned}\right.

where

2
*

=

2
⁢
N

N
-
2

{2^{*}\kern-1.0pt=\kern-1.0pt\frac{2N}{N-2}}

,

N
≥
5

{N\kern-1.0pt\geq\kern-1.0pt5}

,

B
1

{B_{1}}

is the unit sphere in

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

,

y
=

(

y
′

,

y
′′

)

∈

ℝ
2

×

ℝ

N
-
2

y\kern-1.0pt=\kern-1.0pt(y^{\prime},y^{\prime\prime})\kern-1.0pt\in\kern-1.0pt% \mathbb{R}^{2}\times\mathbb{R}^{N-2}

,

r
=

|

y
′

|

{r\kern-1.0pt=\kern-1.0pt|y^{\prime}|}

and

K
⁢

(
y
)

=

K
⁢

(
r
,

y
′′

)

∈

C
2

⁢

(

B
1

)

{K(y)\kern-1.0pt=\kern-1.0ptK(r,y^{\prime\prime})\kern-1.0pt\in\kern-1.0ptC^{2% }(B_{1})}

is a bounded non-negative function. By using a finite reduction argument and local Pohozaev-type identities, we prove that if

N
≥
5

{N\geq 5}

and

K
⁢

(
r
,

y
′′

)

{K(r,y^{\prime\prime})}

has a stable critical point

y
0

=

(

r
0

,

y
0
′′

)

∈

∂
⁡

B
1

{y_{0}=(r_{0},y_{0}^{\prime\prime})\in\partial B_{1}}

, then the above problem has infinitely many solutions, whose energy can be arbitrarily large.
Ein hybrides RNN-Modell für die mittel- bis langfristige Vorhersage des Strombedarfs unter Berücksichtigung von Wettereinflüssen
Authors: Jieyang Peng , Dongkun Wang , Kimmig Andreas , Langovoy Mikhail A. , Jiahai Wang , Ovtcharova Jivka 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Im täglichen Stadtbetrieb sollte die Stromversorgung unterbrechungsfrei sein, was das moderne Energiemanagement vor Herausforderungen stellt. Die Prognose des Energiebedarfs kann die Strategie des Energiemanagements optimieren und die Energieeffizienz verbessern. Das traditionelle LSTM-Modell, das auf einer Codierungs-Decodierungs-Struktur basiert, codiert alle historischen Informationen als Vektor fester Länge, was zum Informationsverlust führt, wenn der vorhergesagte Wert von den Merkmalen abhängt die weit in der Vergangenheit liegen. Dies ist bei Energieprognosen aufgrund der Periodizität des Energieverbrauchs üblich. Um das oben genannte Problem zu lösen und das Potenzial der Betriebsdaten von Kraftwerken für Energievorhersagen vollständig auszuschöpfen, wird in diesem Artikel ein Energievorhersagemodell vorgeschlagen, das auf dem Aufmerksamkeitsmechanismus basiert. Ausgehend von der traditionellen Codierungs-Decodierungs-Architektur wird der räumliche und zeitliche Aufmerksamkeitsmechanismus eingeführt, um die räumlichen und zeitlichen Eigenschaften, die für den vorhergesagten Wert am relevantesten sind, adaptiv auszuwählen. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei der Vorhersage des Strombedarfs von Shanghai für die nächsten 100 Tage, der Fehler des Hybridmodells 25,8 % niedriger ist als der des traditionellen LSTM-Modells. Darüber hinaus zeigt der Fehlertrend des Hybridmodells im Laufe der Zeit auch eine stärkere Stabilität als das herkömmliche Modell.
UFIR-Parameteridentifikation in Echtzeit bei fehlenden Messungen
Authors: Siegl Steffen , Svaricek Ferdinand 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Bericht wird ein erwartungstreues Filter mit endlicher Impulsantwort (Unbiased Finite Impulse Response/UFIR) zur Systemidentifikation mittels Parameterschätzung verwendet. Dieses entspricht einem Least-Squares-Verfahren auf bewegtem Horizont (Receding Horizon Least Squares/RHLS) ohne die Verwendung von Anfangsbedingungen und mit optimaler Horizontlänge für eine minimale Schätzfehlerkovarianz in Gegenwart von Parameter- und Messrauschen. Die Messwerte des Ausgangssignals werden von der Strecke über ein Netzwerk [basierend auf dem Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)] zum Parameterschätzer übertragen. Die dabei stochastisch auftretenden Paketverluste werden mit Hilfe multipler Imputationen kompensiert. Der Einfluss des Netzwerks auf die Schätzgüte wird untersucht und an einem numerischen Beispiel erläutert.
Industrial autonomous systems: a survey on definitions, characteristics and abilities
Authors: Müller Manuel , Müller Timo , Ashtari Talkhestani Behrang , Marks Philipp , Jazdi Nasser , Weyrich Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Autonomous systems are increasingly discussed in the domain of industrial automation. However, there is no consensus in the literature about the definition of industrial autonomous systems, what characteristics do they possess and how to distinguish them from intelligent industrial automation systems. Another important aspect is the comparison between the degree of automation and autonomy. Addressing this confusion, this paper starts with an analysis of the historical development of the term autonomy. Based on the similarities in the definitions, that were identified in a literature review, a comprehensive definition of industrial autonomous systems is presented, and four main characteristics of an industrial autonomous system are derived. Consequently, the characteristics for the realization of an industrial autonomous system (1) systematic process execution, (2) adaptability, (3) self-governance and (4) self-containedness are described in detail. Another objective of this contribution is to assist the developers of industrial autonomous systems to take the above-mentioned characteristics into account. Furthermore, the developer is advised which abilities can be used to achieve the corresponding essential characteristics of industrial autonomous systems. To illustrate the characteristics and abilities of an industrial autonomous system, this paper gives a detailed description of three realized cases of application in industry.
Do Large Corporate Tax Cuts Boost Wages? Evidence from Ohio
Authors: Kakpo Eliakim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper evaluates a natural experiment which occurred in Ohio in 2005 when the state amended the tax system. The change sets up a dramatic corporate tax cut of 8.3 percentage points (p.p.) over the period 2006–2010 corresponding to a 96.9% reduction in the tax. Policymakers also reduced the personal income tax over the same period by 0.95 percentage point (p.p.). I investigate the incidence of the reform on wages in general and corporate wages in the short-run. To do so, I use a synthetic control method along with an event study design applied to individual records of the Current Population Survey (CPS). The results in this paper suggest that the corporate tax cut may have resulted in a one-time payment in corporate wages at the onset of the reform.
Tacit Collusion with Consumer Preference Costs
Authors: Roig Guillem 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
When consumers have preference costs, two opposing effects need to be assessed to analyse the incentives of firms to set collusive prices. On the one hand, preference costs make a deviation from collusion less attractive, as the deviating firm must offer a large enough discount to cover the preference costs. On the other hand, preference costs lock in consumers and make punishment from rivals less effective. When preference costs are low, the latter of the two effects dominates and collusion is more challenging to sustain than in a situation with no preference costs. With high enough preference costs, collusion is a (weakly) dominant strategy. These results do not eventuate in a model with switching costs.
Research progress on the mechanism of orexin in pain regulation in different brain regions
Authors: Kang Xianhui , Tang Hongli , Liu Yao , Yuan Yan , Wang Mi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Orexin is a neuropeptide that is primarily synthesized and secreted by the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and includes two substances derived from the same precursor (orexin A [OXA] and orexin B [OXB]). Studies have shown that orexin is not only involved in the regulation of eating, the sleep–wake cycle, and energy metabolism, but also closely associated with various physiological functions, such as cardiovascular control, reproduction, stress, reward, addiction, and the modulation of pain transmission. At present, studies that have been performed both domestically and abroad have confirmed that orexin and its receptors are closely associated with pain regulation. In this article, the research progress on acute pain regulation involving orexin is reviewed.
Green fabrication of Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review
Authors: Waris Abdul , Din Misbahud , Ali Asmat , Afridi Shakeeb , Baset Abdul , Khan Atta Ullah , Ali Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nanotechnology is the fabrication, characterization, and potential application of various materials at the nanoscale. Over the past few decades, nanomaterials have attracted researchers from different fields because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and other unique and remarkable properties. Cobalt and cobalt oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have various biomedical applications because of their distinctive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, larvicidal, antileishmanial, anticholinergic, wound healing, and antidiabetic properties. In addition to biomedical applications, cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs have been widely used in lithium-ion batteries, pigments and dyes, electronic thin film, capacitors, gas sensors, heterogeneous catalysis, and for environmental remediation purposes. Different chemical and physical approaches have been used to synthesize cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs; however, these methods could be associated with eco-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, high energy, and time consumption. Recently, an eco-friendly, safe, easy, and simple method has been developed by researchers, which uses biotic resources such as plant extract, microorganisms, algae, and other biomolecules such as starch and gelatin. Such biogenic cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs offer more advantages over other physicochemically synthesized methods. In this review, we have summarized the recent literature for the understanding of green synthesis of cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs, their characterization, and various biomedical applications.