bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Occupational Exposure to Blood-borne Pathogens of Staff at a Third-class Specialist Hospital in 2015-2018: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Ji Yuanyi , Huang Junbo , Jiang Guoguo , Liu Qiaolan , Xiao Dalei , Deng Jianjun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background To understand the current situation of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens in a women's and children's hospital and analyze the causes to provide a scientific basis for improving occupational exposure prevention and control measures.Methods We analyzed occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens in a third-class women's and children's hospital from 2015 to 2018, considering the workers’ occupational categories and length of service; the sites, types, and causes of exposure; and the pathogens of the source patients.Results From 2015 to 2018, there were 146 cases of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens, mainly from sharp-instrument injuries (82.2%). Trainees represented the highest proportion of occupational exposure (30.1%), followed by nurses (29.5%). Occupational exposure among staff with less than one year of service accounted for 43.2% of cases. Fisher's exact test showed that different occupational groups had different types of occupational exposure, and nurses had the highest proportion of blood and body fluid exposure (P = 0.008). Different occupational groups faced exposure to different types of pathogens: medical staff were more likely than workmen to be exposed to hepatitis B, while workmen were more likely than medical staff to be exposed to unknown pathogens; these differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). Health records were established for all cases of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens, and no staff members contracted a blood-borne disease due to occupational exposure.Conclusions In order to reduce occupational exposure, regular training in occupational protection for junior medical staff and workers should be strengthened, the monitoring and protection system of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens improved, standard prevention measures strengthened, operations standardized, safe injection equipment provided, and comprehensive measures taken.
Erythrocyte-cancer Hybrid Membrane-camouflaged Mesoporous Silica
Nanoparticles Loaded with Gboxin for Glioma-targeting Therapy
Authors: Jiao Xiuxiu , Yu Xiaoyan , Gong Chunai , Zhu Hao , Zhang Bin , Wang Rong , Yuan Yongfang 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this research is to formulate a biomimetic drug delivery system, which can selectively target glioblastoma (GBM) to deliver the antitumor agent, Gboxin, a novel Complex V inhibitor. Gboxin can specifically inhibit GBM cell growth but not normal cells.

Methods:
In the present study, we utilized red blood cell (RBC) membrane and U251 cell membrane to obtain a hybrid biomimetic membrane (RBC-U), and prepared RBC-U coated Gboxin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles ((MSNs/Gboxin)@[RBC-U]) for GBM chemotherapy. The zeta potential, particle size, and morphology of (MSNs/Gboxin)@[RBC-U] were characterized. The cellular uptake, effect of cells growth inhibition, biocompatibility, and specific self-recognition of nanoparticles were evaluated.

Results:
The (MSNs/Gboxin)@[RBC-U] was successfully fabricated and possessed high stability in the circulation system. The drug loading of Gboxin was 13.9%. (MSNs/Gboxin)@ [RBC-U] could effectively retain drugs in the physiological environment and released Gboxin rapidly in the tumor cells. Compared to the MSNs/Gboxin, the (MSNs/Gboxin)@[RBC-U] exhibit highly specific self-recognition to the source cell line. Additionally, the (MSNs/Gboxin) @[RBC-U] showed excellent anti-proliferation efficiency (IC50 = 0.21 μg/mL) in the tumor cell model and few side effects in normal cels in vitro.

Conclusion:
The (MSNs/Gboxin)@[RBC-U] exhibited significant anti-cancer effects in vitro and the specific self-recognition to GBM cells. Hence, (MSNs/Gboxin)@[RBC-U] could be a promising delivery system for GBM targeted therapy.
Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art
and Research Perspectives
Authors: Correa Bernardo H. M. , Becari Luca , Fontes Marco Antônio Peliky , Simões-e-Silva Ana Cristina , Kangussu Lucas M. 
Published: July 2021

:
Along with other canonical systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has shown essential roles in stress. This system is a complex regulatory proteolytic cascade composed of various enzymes, peptides, and receptors. Besides the classical (ACE/Ang II/AT 1 receptor) and the counter-regulatory (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor) RAS axes, evidence indicates that non-classical components, including Ang III, Ang IV, AT 2, and AT 4, can also be involved in stress. Objective and methods: This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on the participation of RAS components in different adverse environmental stimuli stressors, including air-jet stress, cage switch stress, restraint stress, chronic unpredictable stress, neonatal isolation stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Results and conclusion: In general, activating the classical RAS axis potentiates stress-related cardiovascular, endocrine, and behavioral responses, while the stimulation of the counter-regulatory axis attenuates these effects. Pharmacological modulation in both axes is optimistic, offering promising perspectives for stress-related disorders treatment. In this regard, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are potential candidates already available because they block the classical axis, activate the counter-regulatory axis, and are safe and efficient drugs.
The Effect of Counseling on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSFE) in Women
with Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Vakilian Katayon , Poorghasemian Rezvan , Khorsandi Mahboobeh 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Different strategies have been suggested to increase successful breastfeeding, including establishing child-friendly hospitals, prenatal training courses, and various counseling models in breastfeeding self-efficacy enhancement in women with gestational diabetes.

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the effect of counseling on breastfeeding self-efficacy in women with gestational diabetes.

Methods:
The present study was a quasi-experimental intervention conducted on 100 pregnant women with gestational diabetes after obtaining informed consent. The intervention group received breastfeeding counseling based on the GATHER approach in the third trimester of pregnancy between 32 and 33 weeks and between 35 and 36 weeks of pregnancy, respectively. The follow-up process was performed in 4 sessions after delivery: 14 to 16 days after delivery and 28 to 30 days after delivery for 60 to 90 minutes. The control group, on the other hand, only received routine care. After counseling, self-efficacy was examined at the end of the study and after the third month. The data were analyzed using statistical independent t-tests and chi-square.

Results :
The mean score of self-efficacy of breastfeeding at the end of the study was 55.12 in the experimental group, which was higher than that of the control group (46.16) (P =0.0001). The frequency percentage of exclusive breastfeeding was 58% in the experimental group and 22% in the control group (P =0.0001).

Conclusion:
Considering the effectiveness of breastfeeding counseling on increasing self-efficacy and continuity of breastfeeding in diabetic breastfeeding mothers, it is suggested to use prenatal and continued in postnatal for diabetic mothers.
Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound for Diagnosis of Renal Cystic Mass
Authors: Xia Qingqing , Yuan Xinchun , Huang Meifeng , Zhou Xiling , Zhou Zhiyu 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma (CRCC) is often difficult to differentiate
from complex cysts with sonographic manifestations of renal carcinoma. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
(CEUS) is a new technology, and its clinical utility in the diagnosis of renal cystic mass has
not been established.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of CEUS of renal cystic masses
and to explore the clinical significance and value of CEUS in the diagnosis of CRCC.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective study. A total of 32 cystic masses from January 2018 to
December 2019 were selected. The images of conventional Ultrasound (US) and CEUS were confirmed
via surgical pathology. Routine US was used to observe the location, shape, size, boundary,
cyst wall, internal echo, and blood supply of each cystic mass. CEUS observed contrast enhancement
of the cyst wall, cystic septa, and solid nodules of cystic masses.

Results:
There were 26 cases of CRCC, 5 cases of renal cysts, and 1 case of renal tuberculosis. The
enhancement pattern, degree of enhancement, and pseudocapsular sign by CEUS in benign and malignant
masses had statistically significant differences (P<.05). In the diagnosis of CRCC, the sensitivity,
specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 92.3%,
83.3%, 90.6%, 96.0%, and 71.4% for CEUS; 57.6%, 66.7%, 59.3%, 88.2%, and 26.7% for conventional
US, respectively. CEUS had a higher sensitivity and accuracy than the conventional US
(P<.05), although the diagnostic specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value
of the two methods were not significantly different (P>.05).

Conclusion:
CEUS is more accurate in the diagnosis of renal cystic masses, and it can be used as
an effective imaging method.
In Silico Approach to Predict the SARS-COV2 Derived Candidate MiRNAs as a Potential Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Kavousipour Soudabeh , Mohammadi Shiva , Eftekhar Ebrahim , Jalili Sajad , Arabizadeh Elham , Mokaram Pooneh , Barazesh Mahdi , Moosavy Seyed Hamid 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease originating
from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Previous experimental
studies indicated that during viral infections, viral miRNAs (vmiRNAs) played key roles in
pathogen-host interaction, immune escape, host cell death, and tumorigenesis. MiRNAs are small,
single-stranded RNAs that exist in viruses as well as in animals. Thus, these molecules can play a
pivotal role in viral disease pathogenesis.

Objective:
Since no approved drugs or vaccines currently exist for SARS-CoV-2 and its pathogenic
mechanism is unknown, the present study aimed to explore and propose vmiRNA platforms
as potential antiviral therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. The development of antiviral drugs
to target vmiRNAs may result in the down-regulation of viral virulence genes expression and suppression
of viral proliferation.

Methods:
In this study, to attain insight into the potential role of SARS-CoV-2-derived miRNAs in
viral infections, a set of computational methods was used to scan the SARS-CoV-2 genome, eventually
predicting 13 potential candidate vmiRNAs. Furthermore, the potential genes were predicted
in the human hosts that were the target of these candidate vmiRNAs by applying the mirPath software.

Results:
This study proposed a theory indicating that the predicted vmiRNAs might have a plausible
role in altering human target gene expression, mainly contributing to a viral infectious state, inflammation,
and immune system escape. These vmiRNAs might have therapeutic trends as antiviral
agents against COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:
The findings offered a reference idea for a supplementary study on miRNA identification
as a drug target and revealed the necessity to increase the understanding of SARS-CoV-2
genome structure for a better combat against the virus.
Ozone Therapy Alleviates Monosodium Urate Induced Acute Gouty Arthritis in Rats Through Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Abdullah Doaa M. , Kabil Soad L. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Gout is a metabolic disease strictly related to hyperuricemia. The associated
intense inflammation and pain are triggered by the deposited monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in
joints. The principal therapeutic strategies of gout involve the control of hyperuricemia and antiinflammatory
medications.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of ozone therapy, a wellknown
antioxidant and an immunomodulator, on gouty arthritis and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods :
Acute gouty arthritis was induced in male albino rats via MSU crystals intra-articular injection
in the ankle joint. The gouty arthritic rats received pre-treatment with ozone, colchicine (as a reference
drug), or their combination.

Results :
The obtained results of ozone therapy showed an obvious reduction in the degree of edematous
ankle swelling, pro-inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization
domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), procaspase-1, caspase-1, interleukin-
1β synovial tissue levels with an enhancement of antioxidant defense system. Additionally, ozone
therapy significantly attenuated the histological derangements in gouty arthritic rats.

Conclusion :
This study suggests that ozone is able to treat gouty arthritis and reducing synovial injury
through an anti-inflammatory effect as well as antioxidant activity.
Eco-Friendly Intracellular Biosynthesis of CdS Quantum Dots Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects and DNA Cleavage Activities
Authors: Öcal Necip , Ceylan Ahmet , Duman Fatih 
Published: July 2021

Background:Intracellular biosynthesis of Quantum Dots (QDs) based on microorganisms offers a green alternative and eco-friendly for the production of nanocrystals with superior properties. This study focused on the production of intracellular CdS QDs by stimulating the detoxification metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods:For this aim, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strain was incubated in a solution of 1mM cadmium sulphate (CdSO4) to manipulate the detoxification mechanism. The intracellularly formed Cd-based material was extracted, and its characterization was carried out by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses and absorption-emission spectra.Results:The obtained material showed absorption peaks at 385 nm and a luminescence peak at 411 nm, and the particle sizes were measured in the range 4.63-17.54 nm. It was determined that the material was sphere-shaped, with a cubic crystalline structure, including Cd and S elements. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of CdS QDs against eleven bacterial (four Grampositive and seven Gram-negative) and one fungal strains were investigated by the agar disk diffusion method. It was revealed that the obtained material has antibacterial effects on both Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, cleavage activity of CdS QDs on pBR322 DNA was not detected.Conclusion:As a result, it has been proposed that the stimulation of the detoxification mechanism can be an easy and effective way of producing green and cheap luminescent QDs or nanomaterial.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - A Brand Ambassador/Alarming Bell for
Potentially Inappropriate Medication in Elderly Inpatients
Authors: Sharma Rishabh , Bansal Parveen , Chhabra Manik , Arora Malika 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Since the past decade, prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medication
(PIM) among elderly inpatients has increased drastically. However, limited data is available on
PIM indicators and PIMs use among the elderly in patients suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease
(CKD).

Objective:
The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of PIMs in elderly hospitalized
patients with CKD.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out on 102 patients in a tertiary care hospital. PIMs
were identified using Beers criteria 2019. Chi-square test was used to identify the association between
variables and PIMs use.

Results:
PIMs, as assessed according to AGS updated Beers criteria 2019 was found to be in more
than 68.6% of patients of median age 65 years and 3 diagnoses and 7 days median length of stay.
Most of the patients (47.1%) had ≥4 diagnosis. The most common comorbidities in patient were diabetes
mellitus (n=54) and hypertension (n=55). Most of the subjects (66.7%) were on polypharmacy
(5-9 medications/day) and 25.5% were on a higher level of polypharmacy (>10 medicines/day).
Approximately 90% of the patients were having very low CrCl < 21ml/min (calculated with the
help of Cockcroft- Gault formula). A significant association between PIM use and an increased
number of diagnoses, polypharmacy or high-level polypharmacy, was observed.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of PIMs in elderly inpatients suffering from CKD is quite high. The
study clearly indicates negligence/ lack of awareness amongst physicians leading to increase in
PIM use. Authors propose that the CKD patients should attract special attention of physician and
should be treated as brand ambassadors/alarming bell for PIM use.
Direct Synthesis of Formic Acid from Carbon Dioxide by Hydrogenation
Over Ruthenium Metal Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Functionalized
Ionic Liquid
Authors: Srivastava Vivek 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Presently worldwide manufacturing of formic acid follows the permutation
of methanol and carbon monoxide in presence of a strong base. But due to the use of toxic CO
molecule and easy availability of CO2 molecule in the atmosphere, most of the research has been
shifted from the conventional method of formic acid synthesis to direct hydrogenation of CO2 gas
using different homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts.

Objective:
To develop reaction protocol to achieve easy CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid using
Ionic liquid reaction medium.

Methods:
We used the sol-gel method followed by calcination (over 250oC for 5 hours) to synthesize
two types of ruthenium metal-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (with and without ionic liquids), namely
Ru@TiO2@IL and Ru@TiO2. We are reporting the application NR2 (R= CH3) containing imidazolium-
based ionic liquids not only to achieve a good reaction rate but also to get agglomeration
free ruthenium metal-doped TiO2 nanoparticles along with easy product isolation due to the presence
of NR2 (R= CH3) functionality in ionic liquid structure. We synthesized various NR2 (R=
CH3) functionalized ionic liquids such as 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride, 1,3-di(N,Ndimethylaminoethyl)-
2-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([DAMI][TfO]), 1,3-di(N,Ndimethylaminoethyl)-
2-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([DAMI][NTf2])
and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids which were synthesized as per the reported
procedure.

Results:
We easily developed two types of Ru metal-doped TiO2 nanoparticles using the sol-gel
method. After calcination, both Ru@TiO2@IL (3.2 wt% Ru), and Ru@TiO2 (1.7 wt% Ru) materials
were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, ICP-AES, EDS, and XANES analysis. After understanding
the correct structural arrangement of Ru metal over TiO2 support, we utilized both
Ru@TiO2@IL (3.2 wt% Ru) and Ru@TiO2 (1.7 wt% Ru) the materials as a catalyst for direct hydrogenation
of CO2 in the presence of water and functionalized [DAMI] [TfO] ionic liquid.

Conclusion:
Here we demonstrated the preparation and characterization of TiO2 supported Ru
nanoparticles with and without ionic liquid. After understanding the correct morphology and physiochemical
analysis of Ru@TiO2@IL (3.2 wt% Ru), and Ru@TiO2 (1.7 wt% Ru) catalysts, we examined
their application in CO2 reduction and formic acid synthesis. During the optimization, we
also noticed the significant effect of functionalized [DAMI] [TfO] ionic liquid and water to improve
the formic acid yield. Lastly, we also checked the stability of the catalyst by recycling the
same till the 7th run.
Study on Automatic Tracking Method of Marking Points in Sports Image Sequence
Authors: Pan Cong Hua , Dhiman Gaurav 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The effect of teaching and training in physical sports is improved by the
sports demonstration system. The two-dimensional sports demonstration system is widely applied
for the training of athletes. In accurate motion positioning, there exists a certain visual deficiency
and the two-dimensional sports demonstration system is analyzed by kinematics.

Methodology:
Aiming at the problems in the real-time tracking of fast-moving targets in sports images,
an automatic tracking method of sports images based on the registration of landmark points of
the passive optical motion capture system is proposed. Moreover, it aims to build a human model
and divide the human model into several limb segments; find the corresponding relationship between
the first frame of motion data and template data to complete the first frame of motion data
registration; based on the smallest non-rigid deformation and point set matching error, find the corresponding
relationship between the current frame of motion data and the previous frame of registered
motion data; through the mark points, follow up to complete the registration process of the
marker.

Results:
Experiments show that the average processing accuracy of this algorithm can reach over
85% and the processing time of a single frame of motion data is t<1/60s, which can meet real-time
requirements.

Conclusion:
The multi-point set least-squares matching algorithm is used to rigidly correct the registered
landmark data. No manual intervention is required for the entire mark registration process.
Evaluating Quality, Usability, Evidence-Based Content, and Gamification Features in Mobile Learning Apps Designed to Teach Children Basic Life Support: Systematic Search in App Stores and Content Analysis
Authors: Fijačko Nino , Masterson Creber Ruth , Gosak Lucija , Štiglic Gregor , Egan Dominic , Chaka Brian , Debeljak Nika , Strnad Matej , Skok Pavel 
Published: July 2021

Background
Globally, 3.7 million people die of sudden cardiac death annually. Following the World Health Organization endorsement of the Kids Save Lives statements, initiatives to train school-age children in basic life support (BLS) have been widespread. Mobile phone apps, combined with gamification, represent an opportunity for including mobile learning (m-learning) in teaching schoolchildren BLS as an additional teaching method; however, the quality of these apps is questionable.

Objective
This study aims to systematically evaluate the quality, usability, evidence-based content, and gamification features (GFs) of commercially available m-learning apps for teaching guideline-directed BLS knowledge and skills to school-aged children.

Methods
We searched the Google Play Store and Apple iOS App Store using multiple terms (eg, cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] or BLS). Apps meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated by 15 emergency health care professionals using the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale and System Usability Scale. We modified a five-finger mnemonic for teaching schoolchildren BLS and reviewed the apps’ BLS content using standardized criteria based on three CPR guidelines. GFs in the apps were evaluated using a gamification taxonomy.

Results
Of the 1207 potentially relevant apps, only 6 (0.49%) met the inclusion criteria. Most apps were excluded because the content was not related to teaching schoolchildren BLS. The mean total scores for the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale and System Usability Scale score were 3.2/5 points (95% CI 3.0-3.4) and 47.1/100 points (95% CI 42.1-52.1), respectively. Half of the apps taught hands-only CPR, whereas the other half also included ventilation. All the apps indicated when to start chest compressions, and only 1 app taught BLS using an automated external defibrillator. Gamification was well integrated into the m-learning apps for teaching schoolchildren BLS, whereas the personal and fictional, educational, and performance gamification groups represented most GFs.

Conclusions
Improving the quality and usability of BLS content in apps and combining them with GFs can offer educators novel m-learning tools to teach schoolchildren BLS skills.