bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
English Language Component of the Mature Students’ Entrance Examinations into Ghanaian Universities: Placement, Diagnostic or Both?
Authors: Asafo-Adjei Ramos , Kwesi Klu Ernest , Wornyo Albert Agbesi 
Published: July 2021

One way that Ghanaian universities admit undergraduate students is an examination organised for candidates who are twenty-five years and above. This examination is known as the Mature Students’ Entrance Examinations (MSEE). This paper argues that the English language component of the MSEE should not only be used for placement purposes, but, also, for diagnostic purposes. A desk survey approach to research was adopted involving 43 relevant literature which were reviewed and synthesised. The study indicates that academic writing, referred to as Communication Skills, falls under the domain of English for Academic Purposes in an English as a Second Language setting like Ghana. It is further advanced that Communication Skills is essential for the performance of students in school. The paper, therefore, argues for the English language component of the MSEE to be used not only for placement purposes but for diagnostic purposes. The study recommends that the latter approach should be included since it will help improve the performances of students in Communication Skills.

Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
The Role of the Financial and Macroeconomy Industry on the Development of the Sukuk (Sharia Compliant Bonds) Market: The Case of Indonesia
Authors: Utami Datien Eriska , Irawati Zulfa 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to empirically determine whether the banking sector, bond market and conventional stock market as well as macroeconomic variables can influence the development of the Sukuk (Sharia Compliant Bonds) market in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data taken from the Indonesian Stock Exchange, OJK and the Indonesian Statistics Agency. The data used is monthly data from January 2014 to December 2018 which includes the outstanding value of Sharia Compliant Bonds, outstanding bonds value, stock capitalization value and macro variable data in the form of GDP data and export-import trade data. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that the variables of all financial investment variables, namely the banking sector, the bond market and stocks have a positive effect on the development of the Sharia Compliant Bonds market. in Indonesia, while for the macroeconomic variables only the GDP variable affects the development of the Sharia Compliant Bonds market in Indonesia. The trade-to-foreign ratio variable has no effect on the development of the Sharia Compliant Bonds market in Indonesia.

Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Controls on Establishing Private Universities and Colleges in the Saudi Legal System: Legal Descriptive Analytical Study
Authors: Arafa Hegazy Shady Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

Education at all levels (general/university) aims to develop plans worldwide, whether in the governmental and private sectors. It is the same as what we will find in the Saudi system, which has paid great attention to the education sector. Due to the importance of the private university’s role, we aim to present the regulating provisions of establishing private universities and colleges considering the most crucial objective and formal controls mentioned in the relevant laws and regulations. We also present some judicial applications issued by the competent judiciary. Our research scope is limited to the legal provisions in force of the Saudi legal system. It is strongly recommended to launch unified provisions for establishing private universities and colleges in the Saudi system.

Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Translation in Terms of Law and Communication: Difficulties Regarding the Translation of Legal Texts from Albanian into German and Vice Versa
Authors: Bushi Jonida , Papajorgji Endri 
Published: July 2021

This article deals with the peculiarities of translating legal terminology from German into Albanian and vice versa. Legal texts constitute an important part of translation into both languages. Translations of legal texts in Albania have increased since the latter's attempts to join the EU. European Union translation materials are in large volumes and require a lot of work. Therefore, the request for translation of legal documents, such as provisions or court decisions into other languages of the Union, including German, has increased. Despite institutional efforts to draft a glossary of legislation with the cooperation of professionals led by the OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation), as well as some efforts made in compiling Albanian-German legal dictionaries, there are no genuine publications in the Albanian language that handle the problems of translation in this field. Since technical legal language is a practical or institutional language, it is characterized by a high percentage of technical terms as well as a standardized sentence structure. Legal language is characterized by accuracy and clarity.

Received: 5 May 2021 / Accepted: 23 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Challenges of Teaching and Learning English Language for ESP Courses
Authors: Enesi Miranda , Vrapi Fatmir , Trifoni Anisa 
Published: July 2021

ESP as a branch of Applied Linguistics is concerned with teaching, testing methods, analysis of students’ demands and inquiry into the linguistic and discourse structures of specific texts. ESP is a very important subject in Universities nowadays for many reasons. Technology is mostly developed in English speaking countries and specialized language is so widely used in all walks of life. ESP courses aim to prepare students with skills and vocabulary required in their studies and professions. They have to attend conferences, workshops and seminars worldwide and specific terminology is intertwined with their research area. In the case of teaching and learning English for IT, being familiar with the technical terms, translation of equivalent terms, using specific language in communication, are among the challenges. Grammar is an important skill for language mastery though not included in ESP course books and syllabi. Compiling adequate syllabuses based on the five skills including Grammaring is crucial. Through this paper it is aimed to present challenges of Teaching English for IT students, and suggest effective teaching techniques to overcome them. It is observed and hinted that ESP lecturers teach with more than one coursebook including materials drawn from real life, this way introducing a new and effective approach to teaching ESP. Professional knowledge is never enough in a certain study area. Communication and performance are the key for success or failure in the long run of ongoing education.

Received: 29 March 2021 / Accepted: 23 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Relative Contribution of Social Factors to University Students’ Compliance with Traffic Rules: The Case of Al-Ahsa Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elsayed Ahmed R. , M. Alharbi Abdullah , A. Adam Gamal 
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to reveal the relative contribution of social factors to compliance of university students with traffic rules at King Faisal University for Males in Al-Ahsa governorate, Saudi Arabia, and to reveal the differences in compliance with traffic rules between students of sciences and humanities. The sample of the study consisted of 874 students and it was conducted during the second semester of the academic year 2017-18. The participants were 381 from sciences and 493 from humanities. The authors used social factors and compliance with traffic rules as measurement tools and found out that three models of factors, including family, education and community to be statistically significant to the compliance of university students who drive with traffic rules. The results further showed that there are statistically significant differences in average scoring between students of sciences and students of humanities regarding the social factors that make them comply with traffic rules with science students complying more with traffic rules than their counterparts in humanities.

Received: 21 March 2021 / Accepted: 22 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
The Influence of Scent Marketing on Consumers' Approach and Avoidance Behaviour in the High-End Fashion Industry
Authors: Van Niekerk Chantel , Goldberg RH 
Published: July 2021

Existing literature falls short in that it fails to directly recognise the potential that lies within scent marketing and its influence on consumers’ behaviour, especially in high-end fashion stores. The study aimed to explore the influence of scent marketing on consumers’ approach and avoidance behaviour in the high-end fashion industry. The study was qualitative in nature and followed an exploratory research design. A non-probability snowball sampling method was used to recruit participants. Data was collected by means of three focus group sessions. The collected data was analysed by using the Morse and Field approach, and by making use of ATLAS.ti qualitative data analysis software. SPSS software was also used to analyse the demographic results. The results indicate that consumers’ response stimuli often depend on emotional stimuli they experience, which will lead to an approach or avoidance response. Scent marketing can boost approach behaviour, if implemented correctly. Based on the results, it is recommended that retail stores, more specifically high-end fashion stores, should make use of scent marketing to attract consumers to the store, keep them browsing for longer periods, enhance purchases and make them feel comfortable. Scent can have a positive influence on consumer’s evaluations, reactions and the intention to visit and revisit a store. This can result in consumers spending more time and money in the store. Furthermore, if scent marketing is implemented correctly, it could also boost brand identity and create a competitive advantage for that specific store.

Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
The Historical Thar Desert of India
Authors: Choudhary Manisha 
Published: July 2021

Desert was a ‘no-go area’ and the interactions with it were only to curb and contain the rebelling forces. This article is an attempt to understand the contours and history of Thar Desert of Rajasthan and to explore the features that have kept the various desert states (Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner etc.) and their populace sustaining in this region throughout the ages, even when this region had scarce water resources and intense desert with huge and extensive dunes. Through political control the dynasts kept the social organisation intact which ensured regular incomes for their respective dynasties. Through the participation of various social actors this dry and hot desert evolved as a massive trade emporium. The intense trade activities of Thar Desert kept the imperial centres intact in this agriculturally devoid zone. In the harsh environmental conditions, limited means, resources and the objects, the settlers of this desert were able to create a huge economy that sustained effectively. The economy build by them not only allowed the foundation and formation of the states, it also ensured their continuation and expansion over the centuries. The continuity of the Rajput states in the Thar Desert is sufficient indicators of the fact that this desert was nourishing all of them efficiently.

Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
The Challenges and Prospects of Science Education Development in Africa
Authors: Ayeni Margaret Foluso 
Published: July 2021

In spite of the numerous groundbreaking innovations and inventions that science education can achieve in Africa, its growth in the continent is stunted. This retardation in development is as a result of fundamental problems which are discussed in the paper under the following headings: Insecurity, corruption, Unavailability of Laboratory Equipment and Instructional materials, Inadequate Funds, Inadequate Teacher Quality and Teaching Method, Difficult concepts in science. The paper highlights the challenges crippling the development of science education and the prospects its growth will have in the growth of Africa as a continent. Also, this paper focuses on the challenges plaguing science education in African Countries. It intends to reveal how science education is being prevented from becoming prominent in the national and sustainable development of African countries. It also discusses the prospects science education will have in the development of the continent if it was not plagued with difficulties. Some recommendations were made on the steps to take to improve the development of science education in Africa.

Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Judgment (Trial) in Absentia According to the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Albania
Authors: Tota Naim , Skenderaj Klodjan 
Published: July 2021

The judgment in absentia of the defendant is included in the institutes provided in the Code of Criminal Procedure, where in many cases many problems have been encountered in our case law. The judgment in absentia must, on the one hand, guarantee the respect of the fundamental rights of the defendant and, on the other hand, guarantee the public interest in the administration of justice, through the regular exercise of judicial functions. In the Albanian legislation these conflicts of interest have been resolved by the legislator by accepting and becoming part of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1995 as well as with the amendaments made in 2017, namely, the conduct of the trial in the absence of the defendant. However, this Code also guarantees the defendant the opportunity to review the matter, in cases where he becomes aware of the decision rendered in absentia. The guarantee placed by the legislator in the code of criminal procedure has come precisely because of the practice of the ECHR but also a series of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Albania, which stated that in cases of judgments rendered in absentia, defendants have the right to have their case reviewed. This paper will analyze exactly the provisions of the Albanian criminal procedural law on the conduct of the judgment in absentia, the cases of suspension of the trial for the defendants who do not know effectively about the trial.

Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Benchmarking of the English Language Component of the Mature Students’ Entrance Examinations in Ghana against the WASSCE English Language Component
Authors: Asafo-Adjei Ramos 
Published: July 2021

This paper was purposed on benchmarking the English language component of the Mature Students’ Entrance Examinations (MSEE) (administered in Ghana by universities to select undergraduate candidates) to the English language component of the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) which constitutes the mainstream Ghanaian university undergraduate entrance examination. The qualitative design (specifically, multiple case study design) was employed for this study. Using the multi-stage sampling technique, six Ghanaian universities (from whom eighteen English language component of the MSEE past questions were elicited) and three sets of the WASSCE English language component past questions administered in 2016, 2017 and 2018) were used for the study. O’Leary’s (2014) eight steps of conducting document analysis were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that there are major mismatches between the two sets of examinations in the areas of the test types, the basic language skills tested and the competences tested. The study advanced, to policy makers, suggestions such as testing Speaking and Listening for the improvement of the two sets of examinations.

Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Демократичні цінності й толерантність: методологія антидискримінаційної експертизи підручників з історії
Authors: Долід Вячеслав , Долганов Петро 
Published: July 2021

Статтю присвячено проблемі антидискримінаційної експертизи шкільних підручників з історії. Пропонується методологія здійснення такої експертизи, розроблена на основі пропозицій ЮНЕСКО та авторських рекомендацій. Пропонована методологія враховує міжнародно-правові норми у сфері прав людини (наприклад, Загальну декларацію прав людини ООН, Рамку компетентностей для культури демократії Ради Європи, Декларацію прав дитини тощо). Методологія рекомендує здійснення антидискримінаційної експертизи у таких вимірах: аналіз текстів щодо виявлення етнічних забобонів та стереотипів, гендерно незбалансованої подачі матеріалу, проявів релігійної дискримінації, ксенофобії, шовінізму, расизму, ейджизму, адультизму, лукізму, ейблізму, дискримінації на рівні ментальної картографії та використання нечутливої мови тощо. Запропонований у статті набір аналітичних інструментів включає кількісні та якісні методи аналізу тексту підручників з історії. У статті аналізуються такі кількісні методи, як контент-аналіз частоти згадування історичних подій, персоналій та термінів і аналіз обсягу тексту, присвяченого певній темі. До ключових якісних методів належать дискурс-аналіз, лінгвістичний та контекстуальний аналіз.
Про формальну мовно-літературну освіту учнів закладів загальної середньої освіти в умовах компетентнісного навчання
Authors: Ситченко Анатолій , Корнієнко Ірина , Грищеня Марія 
Published: July 2021

У статті уточнюється і поглиблюється поняття формальної освіти, що пов’язується із розумовим вихованням школярів у контексті компетентнісного навчання української мови і літератури. Розкривається значення формальної освіти у її співвідношенні з освітою матеріальною. Незважаючи на те, що сучасна вітчизняна педагогіка вважає поділ освіти на формальну й матеріальну помилковим, стверджується, що педагогічна наука давно оперує термінами й поняттями матеріальної та формальної освіти, які варто розрізняти й пояснювати як змістовий та формовий освітні аспекти. Автори статті пояснюють формальну освіту як таку, що спрямовує навчання на розвиток у вихованців формального мислення, яке означає здатність учня осмислювати свої розумові дії, що забезпечують виконання навчального завдання. Окреслюється двоскладний характер навчання, яке передбачає визначення ключових питань «Що вивчати?» і «Як навчати?». Формальна освіта в контексті означеного дослідження є співвідносною з матеріальною (знаннями, уявленнями, ставленнями, ціннісними орієнтаціями тощо), оскільки служить засобом реалізації змістового компонента освіти. Доведено, що розвиток формального мислення здійснюється на основі засвоєння учнями розумово-практичних операцій, усвідомлення яких є вагомим показником компетентної особистості. Формальне мислення означає здатність і звичку суб’єкта обмірковувати свої дії. Метою формальної освіти є становлення мислячої та діяльної компетентної особистості. Аналізується формальна мовно-літературна освіта, що має особистісне розвивальне значення для школярів завдяки впливу на їхню свідомість і почуття. Підкреслюється, що зазвичай вона здійснюється у процесі засвоєння правил пізнавальної роботи, виконання основних видів мовного розбору та шляхів літературного аналізу, використання й засвоєння способів їх проведення, що слугує основою будь-якої аналітичної операції над мовно-літературним матеріалом.
A. V. Nikitenko’s Diary as a Source of Information on Jurors in Post-reform Russia
Authors: Демичев А.А. 
Published: July 2021

Впервые в научной литературе «Дневник» известного российского филолога А. В. Никитенко рассматривается в качестве источника изучения суда присяжных в Российской империи во второй половине XIX века в контексте источниковедческой парадигмы методологии истории. В статье отмечаются некоторые специфические особенности дневника как разновидности источников личного происхождения. В результате проведенного исследования делаются выводы, что «Дневнику» А. В. Никитенко свойственны характеристики, присущие дневнику как жанру исторического источника; хронологически «Дневник» является первым документом личного происхождения, в котором содержится информация о суде присяжных, исходящая от лица, лично исполнявшего соответствующие обязанности; в фактографическом плане по проблемам российского суда присяжных «Дневник» мало информативен, не содержит каких-либо значимых сведений;
в плане оценочных суждений по материалам лично увиденного в суде присяжных в сочетании
с информацией, полученной из других источников, «Дневник» представляет научный интерес,
так как отражает позицию его автора, а также определенных общественных кругов по отношению к суду присяжных, к преобразованиям Александра II в целом и к борьбе консервативных представителей администрации за возврат к прошлому и попыткам нивелирования нововведений.
The article presents the first attempt to investigate a renowned Russian philologist A. V. Nikitenko’s Diary as a source of information for jurors in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century in the context of source studies and historical methodology. The article underlines some specific peculiarities of a diary as a variety of personal information source. The researcher maintains that A. V. Nikitenko’s Diary has characteristics typical of a historical source. Chronologically, the Diary is the first personal document which contains inside information about a juror trial, for it is written by a person serving on a jury. The Diary fails to provide facts and details related to the problems associated with Russian juror trials, however it contains first-hand assessments and information collected from other sources.
The significance of the Diary as a source of research information is accounted for by the fact that it presents social opinions and personal views on Alexander II’s reforms and describes conservatives’ attempts to mitigate the impact of reforms and to defy innovations.
The Great Reforms: a State Village in a Time of Change (Chigirino Uezd, Kiev Province)
Authors: Мауль В.Я. 
Published: July 2021

Рассматриваются особенности проведения крестьянской реформы на Правобережной Украине в 1860–1870-х годах. В центре внимания реформа государственной деревни Киевской губернии, условия проведения которой вызвали недовольство бывших казенных крестьян. Объектом исследования является Чигиринский уезд Киевской губернии, где в течение десяти лет происходили непрерывные волнения местного населения против подворного наделения землей и высоких денежных налогов. Предметом исследования является анализ механизма наделения чигиринских крестьян землей, установления оброчной подати и выкупных платежей. Отмечается, что в ходе борьбы крестьянская беднота отстаивала систему подушного землепользования как более справедливую. Происходившие события осмысливались их участниками в рамках народного монархического сознания. Крестьяне считали, что настоящий царский указ скрывается чиновниками и священниками. Протест бывших казенных крестьян Чигиринского уезда — доказательство несовершенства аграрного законодательства самодержавия в пореформенный период.
The article treats the peculiarities of peasant reform implementation in Right-Bank Ukraine in the 1860s–1870s. The article focuses on the indignation provoked by the reform in former state peasants dwelling in state villages of the Kiev province. The subject of the research is the Chigirino uezd of the Kiev province where local people revolted against unequal land distribution on per household basis and inequitable taxation. The object of the research is the analysis of the mechanisms of land reforms and tax reforms. The article maintains that poor peasants demanded that land should be distributed
on an equal per capita basis not on per household basis. The participants of the events viewed them through the prism of monarchical ideology. Peasants believed that the tsar’s true orders were concealed by statesmen and priests. The revolt of state peasants of the Chigirino uezd underlined the imperfections of the agrarian legislation in the post-reform era.