bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЕЙ ПРИ ДИСТАНЦИОННОЙ ПОКУПКЕ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ
Authors: Мирошниченко Наталья Федоровна 
Published: August 2021

Целью исследования является детальный правовой анализ розничной дистанционной торговли лекарственными препаратами для медицинского применения, а также правовой анализ возможности обмена и возврата денежных средств за лекарственный препарат.
Методологическую базу исследования составляют анализ нормативно-правовых актов, регулирующих розничную торговлю, в том числе дистанционную, лекарственными препаратами для медицинского применения, сравнение, обобщение.
Результаты исследования. Правовой анализ нормативно-правовых актов, регулирующих розничную дистанционную торговлю лекарственными препаратами для медицинского применения, а также правовой анализ возможности обмена и возврата денежных средств за лекарственный препарат установил, что так как лекарственные препараты входят в перечень непродовольственных товаров надлежащего качества, не подлежащих обмену, то соответственно, лекарственные препараты надлежащего качества, вернуть или обменять нельзя [3, ст. 410; 4, ст. 140; 9, ст. 593]. Но при дистанционной покупке лекарственного препарата для медицинского применения за покупателем (потребителем) законодатель закрепил право отказаться от доставленного лекарственного препарата надлежащего качества до оплаты заказа (услуга доставки оплачивается), а также право возврата заказа ненадлежащего качества (например, брак, дефекты маркировки, отсутствие инструкции по применению препарата, истекший срок годности, если доставленный заказ не соответствует заказанному по количеству или составу) без оплаты самого заказа и услуги по его доставке.
Перспективу исследования составляет правовой анализ судебной практики в сфере защиты прав потребителей при дистанционной покупке лекарственных препаратов.
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ТУРИЗМ И ЕГО РЕСУРСНЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ В СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ ЦИФРОВОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ
Authors: Саидова Липа Исаевна 
Published: August 2021

Целью исследования является обоснование роли экологического туризма в социализации современной молодежи, жизненный мир которой уже не мыслится без информационных и цифровых технологий. Высокая актуальность данной проблематики объясняется как этим обстоятельством, так и связанным с ним фактором снижения здоровья молодежи, замыкающейся на своих микромирах, зачастую виртуальных и погруженных в социальные сети в ущерб реальным практикам общения и территориальной мобильности.
Методологическую базу исследования представляют принципы дискурсивного анализа, позволившего выявить особенности и многообразие точек зрения и позиций относительно понятия экологического туризма, его функций и тенденций развития, а также типологического анализа, в рамках которого, включенных в обширное пространство туристских практик, экотуризм предстает как один из типов туризма.
Результаты исследования позволили обосновать точку зрения о социализационном потенциале экологического туризма, особенно значимого в информационную эпоху, когда цифровые технологии становятся источником дальнейшего замыкания на собственных этнокультурных мирах, сетевых коммуникациях, что ограничивает социализационный процесс, в условиях полиэтничного населения России нуждающийся в механизмах кросскультурных взаимодействий. Экологический туризм, помимо функции сохранения экосистемы, выполняет множество иных, связанных с расширением социальных связей и коммуникаций в процессе туристской деятельности, знакомством с иными этнокультурными мирами, а также включением в пространство социально-полезной деятельности и становлением социальной субъектной молодежи. Однако экологический туризм имеет и оборотную сторону. В условиях расширения и увеличения масштабов этого направления туристической деятельности растет и количество угроз окружающей среде, охранять которую призван экотуризм. На фоне этой противоречивой тенденции в развитии экологического туризма сам процесс экологической социализации нуждается в дополнительном осмыслении с точки зрения выстраивания экологической политики в области туризма в благополучном сценарии развития экологии и социализации молодых поколений.
Перспективу исследования составляет вывод о необходимости дальнейших научных изысканий в области экологического туризма как пространства социализации российской молодежи с учетом того, что сама молодежь является активным субъектом экотуристских практик, а, значит, имеет ресурс влияния на экологическую ситуацию и вектор трансформации экотуризма как социального института. И в этом заключается ключевая перспектива социологического изучения экологического туризма как самостоятельного социального института, включенного в институциональное пространство туризма, имеющего общие с ним функции, а также специфические, обусловленные природой происхождения экотуризма.
Türk Müziğinde Taksim İcra Etmeye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: KEKLİK KAL Funda , GEBOLOĞLU Banu , ALATLI Betül 
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada, Türk müziği eğitimi veren lisans düzeyindeki devlet konservatuvarlarında, Türk sanat müziği enstrümanı icrâ eden 3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin taksim icrâsına ilişkin tutumlarını belirlemek için bir ölçek geliştirmek amaçlanmış ve tarama modelinden faydalanılmıştır. Ayrıca Türk müziğinde taksim icrâ etmeye yönelik geliştirilen bu ölçek, geçerliği ve güvenirliği test edilmiş ve bu alanda yapılmış iki çalışmadan ilki olması özelliği ile de Türk müziği alanına sağlayacağı katkı bakımından önem arz etmektedir.
Ölçeğin 59 maddelik deneme formu, random seçilen 15 üniversitede öğrenim gören toplam 307 öğrenci üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Yapı geçerliğini saptayabilmek amacı ile yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçek 32 maddelik nihai formuna ulaşmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ölçek geliştirme sürecinin aşamalarına uygun olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ölçeğin tamamına ait Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayısı 0,919, test-tekrar-test güvenirlik katsayısı ise r=0,66, p
Derlem Temelli Bir Karşılaştırma: 4. Sınıf Türkçe Ders Kitaplarının Söz Varlığı Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: KAN M. Onur , KARADAVUT Zeynep 
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) Yayınları ve Koza Yayınları’na ait ilkokul 4. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarının söz varlığı, ortak söz varlığı ve bu ders kitaplarında Aksan vd. tarafından hazırlanan Türkçe Sıklık Sözlüğü’ne göre Türkçenin en sık kullanılan 1000 sözcüğüne hangi oranda yer verildiğini belirlemektir. Tarama modelinde tasarlanan araştırmanın verilerinin toplanmasında doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir.
Koza Yayınları ders kitabındaki metinlerde, MEB Yayınları ders kitabındakilere kıyasla, toplam sözcük sayısı (sırasıyla 9650; 8153) ve farklı sözcük sayısının (sırasıyla 1910; 1833) daha çok olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, sözcük hazinesi katsayısı Koza Yayınları ders kitabında MEB Yayınları ders kitabına göre daha az olarak (sırasıyla 0.20; 0.23) bulgulanmıştır.
Çalışmada farklı yayınevleri tarafından hazırlanan 4. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinlerin %50 civarında (MEB Yayınları %54.8; Koza Yayınları % 52.6) ortak sözcük içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinlerde Türkçede en sık kullanılan 1000 sözcüğe yaklaşık %70 oranında (MEB Yayınları %69; Koza Yayınları %69.7) yer verildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Pulmonary Aspergillus and Mucor Co-Infection
Authors: M Ravindra Chari , Rajaram Manju , M Madhusmita , ChToi Pampa , L Sneha 
Published: August 2021

Co-infections or consecutive infections of mucormycosis and aspergillosis are very rare. Additionally, distinguishing between these two infections is also difficult as both these conditions have similar clinical features. We report two similar cases from Tamilnadu, who presented to a tertiary care centre in Puducherry, India in 2017 (first case) and 2019 (second case). The first case was a 70-year-old, non-diabetic male patient who presented with haemoptysis with a prior history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Computed tomography bronchial angiography revealed an air-crescent sign and the histopathological examination showed a fungal ball (aspergillus and mucor) in the right upper lobe and foci of fungal infection in the middle lobe. The second case was a 65-year-old diabetic male patient who presented with blackish expectoration and haemoptysis. A high-resolution computed tomography scan showed a reverse-halo sign in the right upper lobe. The results of the bronchoscopy-guided biopsy were consistent with a diagnosis of mixed mucormycosis and aspergillosis with angioinvasion. Both patients responded to amphotericin B with surgical excision of the affected lobe in the first case. A high degree of clinical suspicion, early surgical intervention and antifungal therapy are essential in the treatment of this rare co-infection.
Keywords: Aspergillosis; Mucormycosis; Bronchoscopy; Coinfection; Amphotericin B; Case Report; India.
ESTIMATING RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF RESILIENCE INDICATORS FOR LARGE-SCALE HOSPITAL BUILDINGS TO WITHSTAND HYDROLOGICAL DISASTERS
Authors: Gupta Niyati , Mathur Manoj , Dewan Anil 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the study: Uninterrupted hospital services and medical functions are the keys to functional resilience to cope with mass casualties. This paper presents the important level of resilience indicators for hospital functions to withstand natural disasters.
Methodology: For the survey, 21 indicators are grouped into three domains focusing on i) general concerns of healthcare infrastructure planning ii) design and planning of hospital buildings iii) emergency service and management. The corresponding indicators were ranked on a Likert scale of 1 to 5. The authors collected 389 responses through an online survey of the healthcare professionals including disaster management professionals, medical officers, hospital architects, planners, project managers, and engineers.
Main Findings: The data were analysed for determining the Relative Importance Index (RII) of each indicator. The top 7 indicators as an outcome of this research are: ‘access to the emergency services (0.861), ‘planning of refugee settlements’ (0.814), ‘uninterrupted supply of MEP services to critical units’ (0.871), ‘signages for internal circulation’ (0.845), ‘adaptive control, command, and communication system’ (0.848), ‘flexible spatial planning in case of a surge of patients’(0.813), ‘ensuring availability of healthcare workers with the provision of support infrastructure’ (0.758).
Applications of this study: Assessment of the top indicators highlight the importance of ‘flexible design’ and ‘access to medical functions of a hospital building’. Based on these outcomes, it is proposed to develop a numerical framework for a comprehensive design appraisal of resilient hospital buildings.
Praxis and challenges of Tour guides in Quirino province, Philippines
Authors: C. Erana Princess Lady-Lin , Tariga Jonathan N. , Baguilat Leah Grace R. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the different tour guide practices and challenges in the Province of Quirino.
Methodology: This study uses the quantitative approach. Data collection techniques were interviews and questionnaires that were measured using a Likert scale. The questionnaire was distributed to 22 respondents who were tour guides of the different tourist destinations in the province. The data were analysed using SPSS with the Frequency Counts/ Percentage, Mean and F-test (ANOVA) as statistical tools.
Main Findings: The results of this study indicated most of the respondents are male. The tour guiding practices and the challenges in the province of Quirino is “Strongly Agree” when grouped by sex, age and ethnic affiliation. There is no significant difference on the tour guiding practices among the tour guides in the province of Quirino when grouped by sex and ethnic affiliation.
Implications: The ability of tour guides to provide exceptional service to tourists is crucial not just to the business's profitability, but also to the destination's reputation. As per recommended there should be an established system of on-gong training and assessment to maintain high standards in performance of tour guides. The provincial tourism should continue to improve their services especially more trainings and seminars will be given to the accredited tour guides in the province of Quirino. For a profession that was shifting to maintain its relevance in a world of apps and self-guided tours, this is another change that requires adaptation.
Originality: The study is original and novel, it explored the practices and challenges encountered by tour guides in our province.
Immunization training for pharmacy students: a student-centered evaluation
Authors: Mills Shaylee , Emmerton Lynne , Sim Tin F. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Persistent and emerging public health challenges mean Pharmacy students require training in immunization services. Curtin University, Australia, integrated blended-delivery immunization training into the final-year Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons) and graduate-entry Master of Pharmacy curricula in 2019 and 2020, utilizing materials licenced from the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.
Objective: This study evaluated changes in students’ attitude, confidence, self-perceived knowledge and self-perceived skills pre- and post-training delivered in 2020.
Methods: Pre- and post-training questionnaires featured 42 opinion statements grouped under headings ‘Attitudes’, ‘Confidence’, ‘Self-Perceived Knowledge’ and ‘Self-Perceived Skills’, and answered using five-point Likert scales (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Completed pre- and post-training questionnaires were matched using respondent-generated codes. Data were subjected to descriptive and multivariate regression analysis to test pre-post changes and associations and changes in mean scores.
Results: 128 (95.5%) and 132 (98.5%) students completed the pre- and post-training questionnaires, respectively. Immunization training resulted in significant (p<0.05) improvement in students’ mean Confidence score (3.33 vs 3.96), Self-Perceived Knowledge score (3.08 vs 4.47) and Self-Perceived Skills score (2.81 vs 4.55). Improvement in students’ mean Attitude score was also statistically significant (4.45 vs 4.61), yet more positively skewed pre-training. No significant pre-post differences were found between the Bachelor and Master students. Post-training, all respondents agreed that the training program increased their attitude, confidence, perceived knowledge and perceived skills, rating the training experience as either Excellent (91.6%) or Good (8.4%).
Conclusions: Immunization training integrated into final-year BPharm (Hons) and MPharm curricula improved Attitudes, Confidence, Self-Perceived Knowledge and Self-Perceived Skills, all key to further role development in public health. This method is recommended to other Pharmacy schools to determine the impact and acceptability of immunization training programs amongst students.
Oficina de construção de cisterna em ferrocimento no IFPR Campus Cascavel
Authors: Cosmann Natássia , Orvatti Lilian 
Published: August 2021

O aproveitamento da água da chuva para a irrigação de olerícolas é uma opção ambientalmente saudável e segura. Existem diversos modelos de reservatórios de águas pluviais, incluindo tecnologias de construção de fácil acesso e execução. Esta proposta objetivou oferecer uma oficina de construção de cisterna do tipo ferrocimento para implementar a captação da água da chuva no Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR) Campus Cascavel, a fim de irrigar a horta sem agrotóxicos da instituição. Foi construída uma cisterna de 4000 litros, moldada com tela de arame e com paredes de cimento. A água captada do telhado do ginásio de esportes é deslocada para a cisterna e a irrigação da horta ocorre por gravidade. Durante a oficina, foi possível transmitir aos participantes a sequência das etapas que devem ser seguidas para a obtenção do reservatório, propiciando o manejo dos materiais empregados, a prática da construção e promovendo discussões acerca da importância da conservação da água. Foi possível constatar o envolvimento de todos os inscritos, com depoimentos de planejamento de replicação do método em outros espaços. A proposta atendeu aos objetivos educativos e de transformação social, bem como contribuiu para a sustentabilidade ao fomentar a formação de multiplicadores da tecnologia e do conhecimento empregados.
Antagonistic cell surface and intracellular auxin signalling regulate plasma membrane H+-fluxes for root growth
Authors: Li Lanxin , Verstraeten Inge , Roosjen Mark , Takahashi Koji , Rodriguez Lesia , Merrin Jack , Chen Jian , Shabala Lana , Smet Wouter , Ren Hong , Vanneste Steffen , Shabala Sergey , De Rybel Bert , Weijers Dolf , Kinoshita Toshinori , Gray William M. , Friml Jiří 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Growth regulation tailors plant development to its environment. A showcase is response to gravity, where shoots bend up and roots down1. This paradox is based on opposite effects of the phytohormone auxin, which promotes cell expansion in shoots, while inhibiting it in roots via a yet unknown cellular mechanism2. Here, by combining microfluidics, live imaging, genetic engineering and phospho-proteomics in Arabidopsis thaliana, we advance our understanding how auxin inhibits root growth. We show that auxin activates two distinct, antagonistically acting signalling pathways that converge on the rapid regulation of the apoplastic pH, a causative growth determinant. Cell surface-based TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE1 (TMK1) interacts with and mediates phosphorylation and activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases for apoplast acidification, while intracellular canonical auxin signalling promotes net cellular H+-influx, causing apoplast alkalinisation. The simultaneous activation of these two counteracting mechanisms poises the root for a rapid, fine-tuned growth modulation while navigating complex soil environment.
Does Health Service Funding Go Where the Need Is? A Prototype Spatial Access Analysis for New Urban Contracts Data
Authors: Koschinsky Julia , Marwell Nicole , Mansour Raed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background | Much of spatial access research measures the proximity to health service locations. We advance this research by focusing on whether health service funding is within walkable reach of neighborhoods with high hardship. This is made possible by a new administrative data source: financial contracts data for those human services that are delivered by nonprofits under contract with the government.Methods | In a prototypical spatial access study we apply a classic 2-step floating area catchment model for walkable network access to analyze 2018 data about contracted nonprofit health services funded by the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH). CDPH collected the data for the purpose of this study.Results | We find that the common container approach of aggregating contract amounts by provider headquarter locations in a given area (ignoring satellite service sites) underestimates the share of funding that goes to Chicago neighborhoods with higher hardship. Once service sites and spatial access are taken into account, a larger share of CDPH funds was found to be within walkable reach of Chicago’s high hardship areas. This was followed by low hardship areas (which could be driven by more headquarter locations there that do serve areas throughout thecity). Medium hardship areas trail both, perhaps warranting closer attention. We explore these results by program type and neighborhood with a spatial decision support system developed for the health department.Conclusions | The typical approach for analyzing human service contracts based on headquarters is misleading -- in fact, we find that results are reversed when service sites and walkable access are taken into account. This prototype provides an alternative framework for avoiding these misleading results.
Xihuang Pill Inhibits The Development of DMBA Combined With Oestrogen- And Progesterone-Induced Precancerous Breast lesions In Rats By The PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li De-hui , Fan Huan-fang , Guo Na , Sun Chun-xia , Dong Jing-fei , Su Yi-fan , Gu Yi-ting , Liu Jiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:To study the inhibitory effect of Xihuang pill on the development of DMBA combined with oestrogen- and progesterone-induced breast precancerous lesions in rats by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and to explore the effect of Xihuang pill in preventing and treating breast cancer. Method: Establishment of a rat model of precancerous breast lesions with DMBA combined with oestrogen and progesterone sequential induction for 10 weeks. Xihuang pill was administered continuously by gavage for 4 weeks. Rat breast tissue was stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE). The pathomorphological changes were observed with a light microscope. TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis in breast tissue. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of P-PI3K, P-AKT (S473), P-AKT (T308), PTEN, P-tuberin/TSC2, P-tuberin (p-S939), p-mTOR, and P-4E-BP1 in breast tissues. qRT-PCR was used to detect the gene expression of PTEN mRNA and VEGF mRNA. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of P-S6, p-p70s6k and VEGF.Result:Compared with the disease model group, the low-, middle- and high-dose Xihuang pill groups could significantly reduce the degree of breast pathology, and the number of apoptotic precancerous breast lesion cells increased with increasing Xihuang pill dose. The expression levels of P-PI3K, P-AKT (S473), P-AKT (T308), p-mTOR, P-4E-BP1, p-S6, p-p70S6K, VEGF protein and VEGF mRNA dropped with increasing Xihuang pill dose. The expression levels of PTEN, P-tuberin/TSC2, P-tuberin (p-S939) protein and PTEN mRNA increased with increasing Xihuang pill dose. Conclusion:Xihuang pill can promote the apoptosis of precancerous breast lesion cells, reduce the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, and then inhibit the progression of precancerous breast lesions. Its mechanism is probably associated with the regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway related protein expression.
Non-Hermitian Electronics Multipods of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and Absorption (EIA)
Authors: TAGOUEGNI Senghor , FOTSA-NGAFFO Fernande , KENFACK-JIOTSA Aurélien 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study a non-Hermitian electronic dimers system based on an imaginary resistor (Z) in a (N+2) level atomic multi-pod configuration. Non-Hermitian systems depend on a gain/loss parameter and are specifically marked by a degeneracy exhibited at an exceptional point (EP) separating different phases of complex modes dynamics. Interestingly, the structural characterization and the dispersive properties reveal a broad range of strong coupling where the interplay between the control and the probe field induce a simultaneous EIT, EIA and ATS. Here, by identifying the underlying physical mechanisms, we show that multiple windows of transparency can be strongly enhanced by the incorporation of several dimers in the multipod network. On the other hand, if the pumping field is resonant in the weak regime, multiple EIT and EIA windows result in the number of dimers. Remarkably, the proposed system embedded a multiple coupling mechanism whose modulation induces a couplingless point whereby the energy cross. At this point EIT and related phenomena vanish.