bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic changes in the shape and size of the aortic cusps in dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension
Authors: Holland Merrilee , Hofmeister Erik , Hudson Judith 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSystemic hypertension (SH) in dogs typically occurs secondary to renal disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, malignant adrenal tumors, or various medications. Echocardiography performed on people with SH has shown asymmetric dilation of the sinuses at the level of the aortic valves, previously undescribed in canine patients. The objective of this retrospective case‐control study was to determine if there was a difference in size and shape of the aortic cusps at the level of the sinus of Valsalva in dogs with SH compared to dogs with normal blood pressure. We reviewed echocardiographic findings in 74 dogs with SH and 37 dogs with normal blood pressure (NBP), defined as less than 150 mmHg. Systemic hypertension was classified as mild (150‐159 mm Hg), moderate (160‐179 mm Hg), or severe (greater than 180 mm Hg). There was a significant difference (P < .001) in the mean size of the aorta cusps at the level of the sinuses in 67 of 74 dogs with SH and none of 37 dogs with NBP. Of the 74 dogs with SH, 70 had left ventricular hypertrophy (18 asymmetric, 15 concentric, and 37 eccentric). Additionally, there was aortic root dilatation in 15 dogs, aortic insufficiency in 21, mitral regurgitation in 50, and left atrial enlargement in 71. The standard deviation of the three cusp measurements between the dogs with SH and dogs with NBP had a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 97% for diagnosis of SH. Asymmetric size of the aortic cusps on echocardiography is therefore a reliable indicator of SH in dogs.
The Bending of Pretwisted Thin-Walled Beams of Symmetric Star-Shaped Cross Sections
Authors: Maunder L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The customary method of determining the elastic bending deflections of pretwisted beams predicts that the deflections of a uniform beam with a cross section having equal principal moments of inertia will be independent of pretwist. Experimental deflections of a thin-walled pretwisted beam with a doubly symmetric cruciform cross section have been found, however, to be significantly larger than those thus predicted. Based on energy methods, an approximate analysis is developed for pretwisted thin-walled beams having symmetric star-shaped cross sections, which takes into account the effect of interactions between pretwist and distortions of cross sections. An equivalent bending stiffness is derived which is a function of pretwist. The principal theoretical and experimental results are shown in Fig. 4.
Torques on a Satellite Vehicle From Internal Moving Parts
Authors: Roberson R. E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Many of the torques produced by the motion of parts within a body are negligibly small in most engineering applications. However, if the body is a satellite vehicle these small torques can be significant, even to playing a dominant role in the excitation of satellite attitude motions. This paper derives a complete expression for the attitude perturbation torque from this source, interpreting each of its terms. The atittude reference co-ordinate system is discussed. The nature of the torque is found for three simple cases.
Redundant Trusses of Elastic-Strain-Hardening Material
Authors: Ziegler Hans 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
W. Prager has given a geometric method for the determination of the load-carrying capacity of a redundant truss consisting of elastic, perfectly plastic bars. In the present paper this method is generalized for trusses consisting of elastic-strain-hardening bars with given limit loads in tension and compression.
The Effect of a Tangential Contact Force Upon the Rolling Motion of an Elastic Sphere on a Plane
Authors: Johnson K. L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The motion and deformation of an elastic sphere rolling on an elastic plane under a normal contact pressure N have been studied for the case where a tangential force T is also sustained at the point of contact. Provided that T &lt; μN (μ = coefficient of friction), the sphere rolls without sliding but exhibits a small velocity relative to the plane, termed “creep.” Following the work of Mindlin and Poritsky, it is shown that creep arises from slip over part of the area of contact, and further, that this slip takes place toward the trailing edge of the contact area. On the assumption of a locked region in which no slip occurs, of circular shape, tangential to the circle of contact at its leading point, surface tractions are found which satisfy the condition of no slip within the locked region and are approximately consistent with the laws of friction in the slip region. The variation of creep velocity with tangential force is thereby determined. Experimental measurements of the creep of a steel ball rolling on a flat steel surface are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical results.
The Vibration of a String Having a Uniform Motion Along Its Length
Authors: Archibald F. R. , Emslie A. G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In calculating the natural frequencies of a power chain or belt it is usual to use the theory of vibrating strings. However, the speed of the chain or belt may be a considerable fraction of the wave velocity as given by (T/ρ)1/2. It might be expected hat this would have a marked effect on the natural frequencies. This is shown to be so and the formula for the natural frequencies of a moving string is obtained. The problem of the forced vibration of the string is also considered.
Unsteady Laminar Boundary Layers in an Incompressible Stagnation Flow
Authors: Yang Kwang-Tzu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present study deals with unsteady laminar boundary layers in the immediate vicinity of the stagnation point of a heated blunt-nosed cylinder in an incompressible flow with unsteady velocity. An exact solution is presented for the special case of a flow velocity varying inversely with a linear function of time, together with calculated boundary-layer characteristics for different values of a flow parameter. Based on the results of this exact solution, an approximate method of solutions is proposed for a more general problem where the flow velocity changes arbitrarily with time. The results of five examples are shown and discussed in the light of other available solutions. Finally, the limitation of this approximate solution is pointed out and a possible remedy indicated.
Axially Symmetric Buckling of Shallow Spherical Shells Under External Pressure
Authors: Reiss Edward L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A formula for the initial buckling loads for clamped, shallow spherical shells under uniform external pressure is obtained by combining the solutions of two linearized versions of the original nonlinear problem. One of these versions is a linear eigenvalue problem, while the other is the bending problem for a shallow cap in the linear theory of elasticity. The formula, which is obtained in a simple manner, yields buckling loads that are in better agreement with experiments than previous approximate solutions to the nonlinear problem.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of a Low Order Radial Turbine Model for Engine-Level Optimization of Turbocharger Design
Authors: Hohenberg Karl , Martinez-Botas Ricardo , Łuczyński Piotr , Freytag Carola , Wirsum Manfred 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the development and validation of a meanline model by means of numerical and experimental methods, to determine it's feasibility as an optimization tool for turbocharger matching. Using a parametric turbine model, numerical experiments were conducted accounting for variations of several key turbine design parameters and a wide operating range. The resulting dataset was used to test the accuracy of the meanline model when calibrated to a baseline design and thus evaluate it's ability of extrapolating to different designs. The loss models were examined in more detail, and a set of loss models which provided the most accurate results is presented. The meanline model was further validated experimentally using dynamometer test results of 6 turbine designs from the same parametric turbine model. The result showed that for design point and high power operation, an error of less than 3.1% and 2.0% was achieved for efficiency and mass flow parameters, respectively. This led to the conclusion that the model would be sufficiently accurate to represent design changes relevant to turbocharger matching.
Unsteady Analysis of Heat Transfer Coefficient Distribution in a Static Ribbed Channel for An Established Flow
Authors: Perrot Aurélien , Gicquel Laurent , Duchaine Florent , Odier Nicolas , Dombard Jérôme , Grosnickel Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Turbulent-ribbed channels are extensively used in turbomachinery to enhance convective heat transfer in internally cooled components such as turbine blades. One of the key aspects of such a problem is the distribution of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) in fully developed flows, and many studies have addressed this problem by the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In the present document, large eddy simulation (LES) is performed for a configuration from a test-rig at the Von Karman Institute representing a square channel with periodic square ribs. The whole channel is computed in an attempt to better understand HTC maps in this specific configuration. Resulting mean and unsteady flow features are captured, and predictions are used to further explain the obtained HTC distribution. More specifically turbulent structures are seen to bring cold gas from the main flow to the wall. A statistical analysis of these events using the joint velocity-temperature probability density function (PDF), and quadrant method allows to define four types of events happening at every location of the channel and which can then be linked to the HTC distribution. First, the HTC is very high where the flow impacts the wall with cold temperature whereas it is lower where the hot gas is ejected to the main flow. In an attempt to link the HTC trace on the channel wall with structures in the flow field far-off the wall, the main modes are identified performing power spectral density (PSD) analysis of the velocity along the channel. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of the flow field data is then used to present the spatio-temporal characteristics of two of the identified most dominant modes: a vortex-street mode linked to the first rib and a rib-to-rib mode appearing because of the quasi-periodicity of the configuration. However, DMD analysis of the HTC trace on the wall does not emphasize any dominant mode. This indicates a weak link between the main flow large scale features and the instantaneous and more local HTC distribution.
Comparison of SIRS criteria and qSOFA score for identifying culture-positive sepsis in the emergency department: a prospective cross-sectional multicentre study
Authors: Mignot-Evers Lisette , Raaijmakers Vivian , Buunk Gerba , Brouns Steffie , Romano Lorenzo , van Herpt Thijs , Gharbharan Arvind , Dieleman Jeanne , Haak Harm 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the daily practice of two emergency departments (ED) in the Netherlands, where systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score are used differently as screening tools for culture-positive sepsis.DesignA prospective cross-sectional multicentre study.SettingTwo EDs at two European clinical teaching hospitals in the Netherlands.Participants760 patients with suspected infection who met SIRS criteria or had a qualifying qSOFA score who were treated at two EDs in the Netherlands from 1 January to 1 March 2018 were included.MethodsSIRS criteria and qSOFA score were calculated for each patient. The first hospital treated the patients who met SIRS criteria following the worldwide Surviving Sepsis Campaign protocol. At the second hospital, only patients who met the qualifying qSOFA score received this treatment. Therefore, patients could be divided into five groups: (1) SIRS+, qSOFA−, not treated according to protocol (reference group); (2) SIRS+, qSOFA−, treated according to protocol; (3) SIRS+, qSOFA+, treated according to protocol; (4) SIRS−, qSOFA+, not treated according to protocol; (5) SIRS−, qSOFA+, treated according to protocol.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo prove culture-positive sepsis was present, cultures were used as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.Results98.9% met SIRS criteria and 11.7% met qSOFA score. Positive predictive values of SIRS criteria and qSOFA score were 41.2% (95% CI 37.4% to 45.2%) and 48.1% (95% CI 37.4% to 58.9%), respectively. HRs were 0.79 (95% CI 0.40 to 1.56, p=0.500), 3.42 (95% CI 1.82 to 6.44, p<0.001), 18.94 (95% CI 2.48 to 144.89, p=0.005) and 4.97 (95% CI 1.44 to 17.16, p=0.011) for groups 2–5, respectively.ConclusionqSOFA score performed as well as SIRS criteria for identifying culture-positive sepsis and performed significantly better for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission. This study shows that SIRS criteria are no longer necessary and recommends qSOFA score as the standard for identifying culture-positive sepsis in the ED.Trial registration numberNL8315.
Addressing maternal and child health equity through a community health worker home visiting intervention to reduce low birth weight: retrospective quasi-experimental study of the Arizona Health Start Programme
Authors: Sabo Samantha , Wightman Patrick , McCue Kelly , Butler Matthew , Pilling Vern , Jimenez Dulce J , Celaya Martín , Rumann Sara 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo test if participation in the Health Start Programme, an Arizona statewide Community Health Worker (CHW) maternal and child health (MCH) home visiting programme, reduced rates of low birth weight (LBW), very LBW (VLBW), extremely LBW (ELBW) and preterm birth (PTB).DesignQuasi-experimental retrospective study using propensity score matching of Health Start Programme enrolment data to state birth certificate records for years 2006–2016.SettingArizona is uniquely racially and ethnically diverse with comparatively higher proportions of Latino and American Indian residents and a smaller proportion of African Americans.Participants7212 Health Start Programme mothers matched to non-participants based on demographic, socioeconomic and geographic characteristics, health conditions and previous birth experiences.InterventionA statewide CHW MCH home visiting programme.Primary and secondary outcome measuresLBW, VLBW, ELBW and PTB.ResultsUsing Health Start Programme’s administrative data and birth certificate data from 2006 to 2016, we identified 7212 Health Start Programme participants and 53 948 matches. Programme participation is associated with decreases in adverse birth outcomes for most subgroups. Health Start participation is associated with statistically significant lower rates of LBW among American Indian women (38%; average treatment-on-the-treated effect (ATT): 2.30; 95% CI −4.07 to –0.53) and mothers with a pre-existing health risk (25%; ATT: -3.06; 95% CI −5.82 to –0.30). Among Latina mothers, Health Start Programme participation is associated with statistically significant lower rates of VLBW (36%; ATT: 0.35; 95% CI −0.69 to –0.01) and ELBW (62%; ATT: 0.31; 95% CI (−0.52 to –0.10)). Finally, Health Start Programme participation is associated with a statistically significant lower rate of PTB for teen mothers (30%; ATT: 2.81; 95% CI −4.71 to –0.91). Other results were not statistically significant.ConclusionA state health department-operated MCH home visiting intervention that employs CHWs as the primary interventionist may contribute to the reduction of LBW, VLBW, ELBW and PTB and could improve birth outcomes statewide, especially among women and children at increased risk for MCH inequity.
Intravenous liposomal amphotericin B efficacy and safety for cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Naeem Faheel , Nathan Keren , Chivinski Jeffrey , Ekmekjian Taline , Libman Michael , Barkati Sapha 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionTreatment of cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis (CL and ML, respectively) must be individualised as there is no universal therapeutic approach. Intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) is an accessible and relatively safe treatment that has been increasingly used for the treatment of CL and ML. While several descriptive studies have been published on the efficacy and safety of L-AmB, there are no interventional studies. Moreover, the findings from published studies have not yet been integrated and synthesised. Therefore, we aim to evaluate and consolidate the descriptive evidence on the efficacy and the safety of Intravenous L-AmB treatment for CL and ML in both the New and Old World.Methods and analysesA systematic review of all relevant study types with no restriction on date or language of publication will be conducted. Online databases including MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, EBSCO, Scopus, Ovid and WHO databases were searched on 3 April 2020. The search included all study types that assess Intravenous L-AmB treatment for CL and ML in humans. The Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study Design strategy and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines will be used to determine which studies will be selected for final inclusion. The quality of included case series and case reports will be assessed using modified quality assessment tools. A narrative synthesis of the findings will be provided and the primary outcome and secondary outcome of interest, response rate and adverse events rate, respectively, and the 95% CI will be ascertained. Estimates from individual studies will be pooled using random-effects model.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review does not require formal ethical approval since no primary data will be collected. Findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020173440.
Global and regional overview of the inclusion of paediatric surgery in the national health plans of 124 countries: an ecological study
Authors: Landrum Kelsey , Cotache-Condor Cesia F , Liu Yingling , Truche Paul , Robinson Julia , Thompson Nealey , Granzin Ryann , Ameh Emmanuel , Bickler Steve , Samad Lubna , Meara John G , Rice Henry E , Smith Emily R 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis study evaluates the priority given to surgical care for children within national health policies, strategies and plans (NHPSPs).Participants and settingWe reviewed the NHPSPs available in the WHO’s Country Planning Cycle Database. Countries with NHPSPs in languages different from English, Spanish, French or Chinese were excluded. A total of 124 countries met the inclusion criteria.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe searched for child-specific and surgery-specific terms in the NHPSPs’ missions, goals and strategies using three analytic approaches: (1) count of the total number of mentions, (2) count of the number of policies with no mentions and (3) count of the number of policies with five or more mentions. Outcomes were compared across WHO regional and World Bank income-level classifications.ResultsWe found that the most frequently mentioned terms were ‘child*’, ‘infant*’ and ‘immuniz*’. The most frequently mentioned surgery term was ‘surg*’. Overall, 45% of NHPSPs discussed surgery and 7% discussed children’s surgery. The majority (93%) of countries did not mention selected essential and cost-effective children’s procedures. When stratified by WHO region and World Bank income level, the West Pacific region led the inclusion of ‘pediatric surgery’ in national health plans, with 17% of its countries mentioning this term. Likewise, low-income countries led the inclusion of surg* and ‘pediatric surgery’, with 63% and 11% of countries mentioning these terms, respectively. In both stratifications, paediatric surgery only equated to less than 1% of the total terms.ConclusionThe low prevalence of children’s surgical search terms in NHPSPs indicates that the influence of surgical care for this population remains low in the majority of countries. Increased awareness of children’s surgical needs in national health plans might constitute a critical step to scale up surgical system in these countries.
Development and validation of a patient-reported measure of compassion in healthcare: the Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire (SCQ)
Authors: Sinclair Shane , Hack Thomas F , MacInnis Cara C , Jaggi Priya , Boss Harrison , McClement Susan , Sinnarajah Aynharan , Thompson Genevieve 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesCompassion is a key indicator of quality care that is reportedly eroding from patients’ care experience. While the need to assess compassion is recognised, valid and reliable measures are lacking. This study developed and validated a clinically informed, psychometrically rigorous, patient-reported compassion measure.DesignData were collected from participants living with life-limiting illnesses over two study phases across four care settings (acute care, hospice, long term care (LTC) and homecare). In phase 1, data were analysed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), with the final items analysed via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in phase 2. The Schwartz Center Compassionate Care Scale (SCCCS), the revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS-r) and Picker Patient Experience Questionnaire (PPEQ) were also administered in phase 2 to assess convergent and divergent validity.Setting and participants633 participants were recruited over two study phases. In the EFA phase, a 54-item version of the measure was administered to 303 participants, with 330 participants being administered the final 15-item measure in the CFA phase.ResultsBoth EFA and CFA confirmed compassion as a single factor construct with factor loadings for the 15-item measure ranging from 0.76 to 0.86, with excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.74–0.89) and excellent internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.96). The measure was positively correlated with the SCCCS (r=0.75, p<0.001) and PPEQ (r=0.60, p<0.001). Participants reporting higher experiences of compassion had significantly greater well-being and lower depression on the ESAS-r. Patients in acute care and hospice reported significantly greater experiences of compassion than LTC residents.ConclusionsThere is strong initial psychometric evidence for the Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire (SCQ) as a valid and reliable patient-reported compassion measure. The SCQ provides healthcare providers, settings and administrators the means to routinely measure patients experiences of compassion, while providing researchers a robust measure to conduct high-quality research.