bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forelimb amputation and long‐term follow‐up in a White Dorper ram
Authors: Bonow Mariana Oliveira , Veado Henrique Caetano , Borges José Renato Junqueira , Soto‐Blanco Benito , Câmara Antonio Carlos Lopes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper aimed to report a successful forelimb amputation and long‐term follow‐up in a White Dorper ram. An 8‐month‐old 45.5 kg White Dorper ram was found standing on the exposed metacarpal bone of the right forelimb. Detailed clinical examination and radiographic evaluation confirmed metacarpophalangeal avulsion. Limb amputation was performed by radiocarpal disarticulation. Postoperative complications included wound infection and dehiscence. Fifteen days post‐surgery, the necrotic accessory carpal bone was retrieved during wound cleaning. After this, the stump healed rapidly by secondary intention within 30 days. During this recovery time, the ram showed good adaptation to walking on three legs, and the owner gave up buying the prosthesis. The ram returned to the flock fully adapted 45 days after surgery. We emphasize that documenting more limb amputations in livestock is critical to obtain conclusions about the prognosis, life expectancy and expected quality of life.
MRI findings of ependymoma in a 12‐month‐old cat
Authors: Indzhova Viktoriya , Erles Kerstin , Brocal Josep 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA 12‐month‐old domestic shorthair cat was presented for a progressive 2‐week history of behavioural changes, difficulties in jumping, falling, leaning towards the right side and right‐sided head tilt. Neurological examination revealed a right‐sided head tilt, leaning to the right and vestibular ataxia. Hopping was reduced on the right thoracic and right pelvic limbs. The rest of the neurological and the physical examinations were unremarkable. The neuroanatomic localisation was consistent with a right central vestibular lesion. On MRI an intraventricular mass, causing mass effect was identified in the fourth ventricle. In T1‐weighted post‐contrast images, the lesion showed peripheral ring contrast enhancement, causing obstructive hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly, creating a similar appearance to that previously described in feline infectious peritonitis. The mass was found to be ependymoma on the histopathological examination.
Urothelial cell carcinoma with widespread local and distant metastasis and associated osseous metaplasia in a dog
Authors: Butler Thomas , Schiavo Luca , Hughes Katherine , Dobson Jane , Giuliano Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA 9‐year‐old female neutered husky‐cross dog was referred for investigation of sanguinous vaginal discharge and a painful inguinal mass. On clinical and ultrasound examination, a pedunculated ‘cauliflower‐like’ mass was found originating from the vulva with plaque‐like masses at the bladder trigone, extending into the bladder neck and the proximal urethra. Bilateral medial iliac lymphadenopathy and a firm, erythematous and painful inguinal dermal thickening measuring 70 mm x 50 mm were also found. During recovery following sedation, the patient developed uncontrollable status epilepticus and was euthanized. Post‐mortem examination confirmed the presence of a highly infiltrative urothelial cell carcinoma with widespread local and distant metastases to the medial iliac lymph nodes, lungs, inguinal skin and pelvic musculature. Osseous metaplasia in association with small neoplastic aggregates was noted on histopathology within the pelvic musculature.
Matrix element regression with deep neural networks — Breaking the CPU barrier
Authors: Bury F. , Delaere C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Matrix Element Method (MEM) is a powerful method to extract information from measured events at collider experiments. Compared to multivariate techniques built on large sets of experimental data, the MEM does not rely on an examples-based learning phase but directly exploits our knowledge of the physics processes. This comes at a price, both in term of complexity and computing time since the required multi-dimensional integral of a rapidly varying function needs to be evaluated for every event and physics process considered. This can be mitigated by optimizing the integration, as is done in the MoMEMta package, but the computing time remains a concern, and often makes the use of the MEM in full-scale analysis unpractical or impossible. We investigate in this paper the use of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) built by regression of the MEM integral as an ansatz for analysis, especially in the search for new physics.
Characterization of t-affine differences and related forms
Authors: Olbryś Andrzej 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present paper we are concerned with the problem of characterization of maps which can be expressed as an affine difference i.e. a map of the form $$\begin{aligned} tf(x)+(1-t)f(y)-f(tx+(1-t)y), \end{aligned}$$

t
f
(
x
)
+
(
1
-
t
)
f
(
y
)
-
f
(
t
x
+
(
1
-
t
)
y
)
,

where $$t\in (0,1)$$

t
∈
(
0
,
1
)

is a given number. We give a general solution of the functional equation associated with this problem.
Flowering phenology in alpine grassland strongly responds to shifts in snowmelt but weakly to summer drought
Authors: Vorkauf Maria , Kahmen Ansgar , Körner Christian , Hiltbrunner Erika 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlpine plants complete their seasonal phenological cycle during two to three snow-free months. Under climate change, snowmelt advances and the risk of summer droughts increases. Yet, photoperiodism may prevent alpine plants from benefiting from an earlier start of the growing season. To identify the drivers of flowering phenology in the seven main species of an alpine grassland, we experimentally shifted the snowmelt date through snow manipulations, and excluded precipitation during summer. With “time-to-event” models, we analysed the beginning of main flowering with respect to temperature sums, time after snowmelt, and calendar day (photoperiod). We identified two phenology types: four species tracking snowmelt dates directly or with a certain lag set by temperature sums, including the dominant sedge Carex curvula, Anthoxanthum alpinum Helictotrichon versicolor, and Trifolium alpinum, and three species tracking photoperiod: Geum montanum, Leontodon helveticus and Potentilla aurea. Photoperiodism did not act as daylength threshold but rather modulated the thermal sums at flowering. Hence, photoperiod delayed flowering after earlier snowmelt. The grass A. alpinum was the only one of seven species that clearly responded to drought by earlier and longer flowering. The remarkably high importance of snowmelt dates for both phenology types suggests an earlier onset of flowering in a warmer climate, particularly for non-photoperiod-sensitive species, with an increasing risk for freezing damages and potential disruptions of biotic interactions in the most frequent type of alpine grassland across the Alps. Consequentially, the distinct microclimate and species-specific responses to photoperiod challenge temperature-only based projections of climate warming effects on alpine plant species.
Extension of Boley’s continuum mechanics-based successive approximation method to two-layer rectangular beams
Authors: Gahleitner Johannes , Irschik Hans 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn extension of Boley’s continuum mechanics-based successive approximation method is presented for rectangular beams composed of two isotropic linear elastic layers. The solution is cast into the form of tables, in complete analogy to the tables originally presented by Boley and Tolins for single-layer strips. The first column in these tables corresponds to the classical Bernoulli–Euler theory of beams. The further columns represent comparatively fast converging correction terms of an increasing refinement. Our two-layer formulation automatically satisfies the stress continuity conditions at the interface of the two layers. Enforcing displacement continuity at the interface between the layers, we derive results that do satisfy the equilibrium field equations, the stress continuity conditions at the interface and the stress boundary conditions at the upper and lower edges. When converged, the field constitutive relations and the displacement continuity at the interface between the two layers are also satisfied. We present a compact formulation, which allows writing down the results for more than the three successive steps considered by Boley and Tolins. The elasticity solutions presented subsequently can be used as novel analytic benchmarks for comparison with refined structural mechanics beam theories. Interior solutions for beams with a finite axial extent can be obtained by assigning approximate boundary conditions at the lateral ends. Comparisons to finite element computations for a clamped–clamped beam give strong evidence for the correctness of our analytic results.
Bootstrap joint prediction regions for sequences of missing values in spatio-temporal datasets
Authors: Parrella Maria Lucia , Albano Giuseppina , Perna Cira , La Rocca Michele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMissing data reconstruction is a critical step in the analysis and mining of spatio-temporal data. However, few studies comprehensively consider missing data patterns, sample selection and spatio-temporal relationships. To take into account the uncertainty in the point forecast, some prediction intervals may be of interest. In particular, for (possibly long) missing sequences of consecutive time points, joint prediction regions are desirable. In this paper we propose a bootstrap resampling scheme to construct joint prediction regions that approximately contain missing paths of a time components in a spatio-temporal framework, with global probability $$1-\alpha $$

1
-
α

. In many applications, considering the coverage of the whole missing sample-path might appear too restrictive. To perceive more informative inference, we also derive smaller joint prediction regions that only contain all elements of missing paths up to a small number k of them with probability $$1-\alpha $$

1
-
α

. A simulation experiment is performed to validate the empirical performance of the proposed joint bootstrap prediction and to compare it with some alternative procedures based on a simple nominal coverage correction, loosely inspired by the Bonferroni approach, which are expected to work well standard scenarios.
Bayesian sparse convex clustering via global-local shrinkage priors
Authors: Shimamura Kaito , Kawano Shuichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSparse convex clustering is to group observations and conduct variable selection simultaneously in the framework of convex clustering. Although a weighted$$L_1$$L1norm is usually employed for the regularization term in sparse convex clustering, its use increases the dependence on the data and reduces the estimation accuracy if the sample size is not sufficient. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes a Bayesian sparse convex clustering method based on the ideas of Bayesian lasso and global-local shrinkage priors. We introduce Gibbs sampling algorithms for our method using scale mixtures of normal distributions. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is shown in simulation studies and a real data analysis.
“Metalloestrogenic” effects of cadmium downstream of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in human uterine fibroid cells
Authors: Yu Linda , Liu Jingli , Yan Yitang , Burwell Alanna , Castro Lysandra , Shi Min , Dixon Darlene 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal reported to act as an estrogen “mimic” in the rat uterus and in vitro. We have reported that Cd stimulates proliferation of estrogen-responsive human uterine leiomyoma (ht-UtLM; fibroid) cells through nongenomic signaling involving the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), with activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (pMAPK44/42). In this study, we explored Cd-induced mechanisms downstream of MAPK and whether Cd could stimulate phosphorylation of Histone H3 at serine 10 (H3Ser10ph) through activated Aurora B kinase (pAurora B), a kinase important in activation of histone H3 at serine 10 during mitosis, and if this occurs via Fork head box M1 (FOXM1) and cyclin D1 immediately downstream of MAPK. We found that Cd increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and H3Ser10ph expression by immunofluorescence, and that H3ser10ph and pAurora B were coexpressed along the metaphase plate in ht-UtLM cells. In addition, Cd-exposed cells showed higher expression of pMAPK44/42, FOXM1, pAurora B, H3ser10ph, and Cyclin D1 by western blotting. Immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays further indicated an association between FOXM1 and Cyclin D1 in Cd-exposed cells. These effects were attenuated by MAPK kinase (MEK1/2) inhibitor. In summary, Cd-induced proliferation of ht-UtLM cells occurred through activation of Histone H3 and Aurora B via FOXM1/Cyclin D1 interactions downstream of MAPK. This provides a molecular mechanism of how Cd acts as an “estrogen mimic” resulting in mitosis in hormonally responsive cells.
Asymptotic Symmetries in the BV-BFV Formalism
Authors: Rejzner Kasia , Schiavina Michele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe show how to derive asymptotic charges for field theories on manifolds with “asymptotic” boundary, using the BV-BFV formalism. We also prove that the conservation of said charges follows naturally from the vanishing of the BFV boundary action, and show how this construction generalises Noether’s procedure. Using the BV-BFV viewpoint, we resolve the controversy present in the literature, regarding the status of large gauge transformation as symmetries of the asymptotic structure. We show that even though the symplectic structure at the asymptotic boundary is not preserved under these transformations, the failure is governed by the corner data, in agreement with the BV-BFV philosophy. We analyse in detail the case of electrodynamics and the interacting scalar field, for which we present a new type of duality to a sourced two-form model.
Epidemiology of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia in Denmark
Authors: Abrahamsen Bo , Smith Christopher D. , Minisola Salvatore 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare, acquired condition of phosphate wasting due to phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors. Because the incidence and prevalence of TIO is unknown, we conducted an observational cohort study using national Danish health registers for the period 2008 to 2018 to obtain such information. The study also aimed to describe the demographics of the TIO population and the prognosis. The operational definition was based on hypophosphatemia or adult osteomalacia diagnoses, combined with prescriptions used in the initial management and procedures consistent with advanced imaging used for locating tumors. The incidence of TIO in Denmark was found to be below 0.13 per 100,000 person years for the total population of the country and 0.10 per 100,000 in adult-onset disease. The prevalence of TIO was estimated to be no more than 0.70 per 100,000 persons for the total population and 0.43 per 100,000 in adults. In 2018, there were a maximum of nine new cases of TIO in Danish adults. Mortality was low but few patients fulfilled the protocol cure criterion during the observation period. TIO has no ICD-10 code and limitations to the study include lack of information on serum biochemistry and on the use of phosphate supplements. Strengths include the use of long-term longitudinal, national hospital and prescription data from a country with universal healthcare. Given the very small patient population with TIO and the known delay to diagnosis and cure, management of patients with suspected TIO should be centralized.
An experimental assessment of social tolerance and den ecology in a high-density octopus population
Authors: O’Brien Duncan A. , Taylor Michelle L. , Masonjones Heather D. , Boersch-Supan Philipp H. , O’Shea Owen R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLong held notions of the universally asocial octopus are being challenged due to the identification of high-density and interacting octopus populations in Australia, Indonesia, Japan and the deep sea. This study experimentally assessed the social tolerance and presence of potential prey items of Caribbean reef octopus, Octopus briareus, in a tropical marine lake (25°21′40″N, 76°30′40″W) on the island of Eleuthera, The Bahamas, by deploying artificial dens in multi-den groups or ‘units’ in the months of May and June 2019. Fifteen octopus were observed occupying dens (n = 100), resulting in 13 den units being occupied (n = 40). Two examples of adjacent occupation within a single den unit were identified but with zero examples of cohabitation/den sharing. Ecological models showed den and den unit occupation was predicted to increase with depth and differ between sites. Octopus also displayed no preference for isolated or communal units but preferred isolated dens over dens adjacent to others. Additionally, 47 % of occupied dens contained bivalve or crustacean items with no epifauna on their interior surface. The lack of epifauna suggests that these items have been recently ‘cleaned’ by occupying octopus and so represent likely prey. This study presents evidence of possible antisocial den use by O. briareus, a modification of the default ‘asocial’ ignoring of conspecifics typically attributed to octopus. This is likely in response to the high population density and may imply behavioural plasticity, making this system appropriate for further scrutiny as a research location on the influence of large, insular environments on marine species.
Synchronized broadcast spawning by six invertebrates (Echinodermata and Mollusca) in the north-western Red Sea
Authors: Webb Alice E. , Engelen Aschwin H. , Bouwmeester Jessica , van Dijk Inge , Geerken Esmee , Lattaud Julie , Engelen Dario , de Bakker Bernadette S. , de Bakker Didier M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOn the evenings of June 11 and 12, 2019, 5 and 6 days before full moon, broadcast spawning by four echinoderm species and two mollusc species was observed on the Marsa Shagra reef, Egypt (25° 14′ 44.2" N, 34° 47′ 49.0" E). Water temperature was 28 °C and the invertebrates were observed at 2–8 m depth. The sightings included a single basket star Astroboa nuda (Lyman 1874), 2 large Tectus dentatus (Forskal 1775) sea snails, 14 individuals of the Leiaster cf. leachi (Gray 1840) sea star and 1 Mithrodia clavigera (Lamarck 1816) sea star, 3 Pearsonothuria graeffei (Semper 1868) sea cucumbers, and 2 giant clams, Tridacna maxima (Röding 1798). The observations presented here provide relevant information on broadcast spawning of non-coral invertebrate taxa in the Red Sea, where spawning is considerably less well documented than in other tropical geographical regions such as the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean.
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase: an emerging targeted therapy in myeloid cells within the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Good Logan , Benner Brooke , Carson William E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor kinase belonging to the Tec family of kinases. The role of BTK in B cell receptor signaling is well defined and is known to play a key role in the proliferation and survival of malignant B cells. Moreover, BTK has been found to be expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage. BTK has been shown to contribute to a variety of cellular pathways in myeloid cells including signaling in the NLRP3 inflammasome, receptor activation of nuclear factor-κβ and inflammation, chemokine receptor activation affecting migration, and phagocytosis. Myeloid cells are crucial components of the tumor microenvironment and suppressive myeloid cells contribute to cancer progression, highlighting a potential role for BTK inhibition in the treatment of malignancy. The increased interest in BTK inhibition in cancer has resulted in many preclinical studies that are testing the efficacy of using single-agent BTK inhibitors. Moreover, the ability of tumor cells to develop resistance to single-agent checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in clinical studies utilizing BTK inhibitors in combination with these agents to improve clinical responses. Furthermore, BTK regulates the immune response in microbial and viral infections through B cells and myeloid cells such as monocytes and macrophages. In this review, we describe the role that BTK plays in supporting suppressive myeloid cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), while also discussing the anticancer effects of BTK inhibition and briefly describe the role of BTK signaling and BTK inhibition in microbial and viral infections.
Mixture models as a method for comparative sociality: social networks and demographic change in resident killer whales
Authors: Ellis Samuel , Franks Daniel W. , Weiss Michael N. , Cant Michael A. , Domenici Paolo , Balcomb Kenneth C. , Ellifrit David K. , Croft Darren P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In studies of social behaviour, social bonds are usually inferred from rates of interaction or association. This approach has revealed many important insights into the proximate formation and ultimate function of animal social structures. However, it remains challenging to compare social structure between systems or time-points because extrinsic factors, such as sampling methodology, can also influence the observed rate of association. As a consequence of these methodological challenges, it is difficult to analyse how patterns of social association change with demographic processes, such as the death of key social partners. Here we develop and illustrate the use of binomial mixture models to quantitatively compare patterns of social association between networks. We then use this method to investigate how patterns of social preferences in killer whales respond to demographic change. Resident killer whales are bisexually philopatric, and both sexes stay in close association with their mother in adulthood. We show that mothers and daughters show reduced social association after the birth of the daughter’s first offspring, but not after the birth of an offspring to the mother. We also show that whales whose mother is dead associate more with their opposite sex siblings and with their grandmother than whales whose mother is alive. Our work demonstrates the utility of using mixture models to compare social preferences between networks and between species. We also highlight other potential uses of this method such as to identify strong social bonds in animal populations.

Significance statement
Comparing patters of social associations between systems, or between the same systems at different times, is challenging due to the confounding effects of sampling and methodological differences. Here we present a method to allow social associations to be robustly classified and then compared between networks using binomial mixture models. We illustrate this method by showing how killer whales change their patterns of social association in response to the birth of calves and the death of their mother. We show that after the birth of her calf, females associate less with their mother. We also show that whales’ whose mother is dead associate more with their opposite sex siblings and grandmothers than whales’ whose mother is alive. This clearly demonstrates how this method can be used to examine fine scale temporal processes in animal social systems.