bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air‐stable inorganic solid‐state electrolytes for high energy density lithium batteries: Challenges, strategies, and prospects
Authors: Chen Xuanfeng , Guan Zengqiang , Chu Fulu , Xue Zhichen , Wu Feixiang , Yu Yan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSolid‐state batteries have been considered as promising next‐generation energy storage devices for potentially higher energy density and better safety compared with commercial lithium‐ion batteries that are based on organic liquid electrolytes. However, in terms of indispensable solid‐state electrolytes, there are remaining issues to be solved before entering the market. Most solid‐state electrolytes are air‐sensitive, which causes a complex and expensive cell assembly and impressible interface. Therefore, the solid‐state electrolytes are expected to be atmosphere‐stable, which will undoubtedly bring significant benefits to solid‐state battery manufacturing. This review covers air‐stability‐related issues of different types of inorganic solid‐state electrolytes and the corresponding strategies. First, we provide an overview of solid‐state electrolytes and solid‐state batteries, including their history and advantages/disadvantages. Then, different types of solid‐state electrolytes are selected as examples to illustrate the unfavorable interactions in air and the corresponding adverse effects. Next, according to recent advances, we summarize the effective strategies of constructing different types of air‐stable inorganic solid‐state electrolytes. Finally, perspectives on designing accessible air‐stable solid‐state electrolytes are provided, aiming to achieve the assembly of high‐performance solid‐state batteries in the atmosphere.
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Prediction of an Imminent Fracture After an Index Fracture – Models Derived From the Frisbee Cohort
Authors: Iconaru Laura , Charles Alexia , Baleanu Felicia , Surquin Murielle , Benoit Florence , Mugisha Aude , Moreau Michel , Paesmans Mairanne , Karmali Rafix , Rubinstein Michel , Rozenberg Serge , Body Jean-Jacques , Bergmann Pierre 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Patients who sustain a fracture are at greatest risk of recurrent fracture during the next 2 years. We propose three models to identify subjects most at risk of an imminent fracture, according to fracture site (any fracture, major osteoporotic fracture [MOF] or central). They were constructed using data of the prospective Frisbee cohort, which includes 3560 postmenopausal women aged 60 to 85 years who were followed for at least 5 years. A total of 881 subjects had a first incident validated fragility fracture before December 2018. Among these, we validated 130 imminent fractures occurring within the next 2 years; 79 were MOFs, and 88 were central fractures. Clinical risk factors were re-evaluated at the time of the index fracture. Fine and Gray proportional hazard models were derived separately for each group of fractures. The following risk factors were significantly associated with the risk of any imminent fracture: total hip bone mineral density (BMD) (p &lt; 0.001), a fall history (p &lt; 0.001), and comorbidities (p = 0.03). Age (p = 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively) and a central fracture as the index fracture (p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively) were additional predictors of MOFs and central fractures. The three prediction models are presented as nomograms. The calibration curves and the Brier scores based on bootstrap resampling showed calibration scores of 0.089 for MOF, 0.094 for central fractures, and 0.132 for any fractures. The predictive accuracy of the models expressed as area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve (AUC) were 0.74 for central fractures, 0.72 for MOFs, and 0.66 for all fractures, respectively. These AUCs compare well with those of FRAX and Garvan to predict the 5- or 10-year fracture probability. In summary, five predictors (BMD, age, comorbidities, falls, and central fracture as the incident fracture) allow the calculation with a reasonable accuracy of the imminent risk of fracture at different sites (MOF, central fracture, and any fracture) after a recent sentinel fracture. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Validation of the Surrogate Threshold Effect for Change in Bone Mineral Density as a Surrogate Endpoint for Fracture Outcomes: The FNIH-ASBMR SABRE Project
Authors: Eastell Richard , Vittinghoff Eric , Lui Li-Yung , McCulloch Charles E. , Pavo Imre , Chines Arkadi , Khosla Sundeep , Cauley Jane A. , Mitlak Bruce , Bauer Douglas C. , Bouxsein Mary , Black Dennis M. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The surrogate threshold effect (STE) is defined as the minimum treatment effect on a surrogate that is reliably predictive of a treatment effect on the clinical outcome. It provides a framework for implementing a clinical trial with a surrogate endpoint. The aim of this study was to update our previous analysis by validating the STE for change in total hip (TH) BMD as a surrogate for fracture risk reduction; the novelty of this study was this validation. To do so, we used individual patient data from 61,415 participants in 16 RCTs that evaluated bisphosphonates (nine trials), selective estrogen receptor modulators (four trials), denosumab (one trial), odanacatib (one trial), and teriparatide (one trial) to estimate trial-specific treatment effects on TH BMD and all, vertebral, hip, and nonvertebral fractures. We then conducted a random effects meta-regression of the log relative fracture risk reduction against 24-month change in TH BMD, and computed the STE as the intersection of the upper 95% prediction limit of this regression with the line of no fracture reduction. We validated the STE by checking whether the number of fractures in each trial provided 80% power and determining what proportion of trials with BMD changes ≥ STE reported significant reductions in fracture risk. We applied this analysis to (i) the trials on which we estimated the STE; and (ii) trials on which we did not estimate the STE. We found that the STEs for all, vertebral, hip, and nonvertebral fractures were 1.83%, 1.42%, 3.18%, and 2.13%, respectively. Among trials used to estimate STE, 27 of 28 were adequately powered, showed BMD effects exceeding the STE, and showed significant reductions in fracture risk. Among the validation set of 11 trials, 10 met these criteria. Thus STE differs by fracture type and has been validated in trials not used to develop the approach. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Alteration of Bone Density, Microarchitecture, and Strength in Patients with Camurati–Engelmann Disease: Assessed by HR-pQCT
Authors: Li Qian , Zhao Zhen , Wu Bo , Pang Qianqian , Cui Lijia , Zhang Li , Jiang Yan , Wang Ou , Li Mei , Xing Xiaoping , Hu Yingying , Yu Wei , Meng Xunwu , Jiajue Ruizhi , Xia Weibo 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED) is a rare autosomal-dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) gene. In this study, a retrospective review of patients with CED evaluated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing, China, between November 30, 2000 and November 30, 2020 was conducted. Data including demographic data, manifestations, and examination results were characterized. Furthermore, bone geometry, density, and microarchitecture were assessed and bone strength was estimated by HR-pQCT. Results showed the median age at onset was 2.5 years. Common manifestations included pain in the lower limbs (94%, 17/18), abnormal gait (89%, 16/18), genu valgum (89%, 16/18), reduced subcutaneous fat (78%, 14/18), delayed puberty (73%, 8/11), muscle weakness (67%, 12/18), hearing loss (39%, 7/18), hepatosplenomegaly (39%, 7/18), exophthalmos or impaired vision or visual field defect (33%, 6/18), and anemia (33%, 7/18). Twenty-five percent (4/16) of patients had short stature. Serum level of alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 41% (7/17) of patients whereas beta-C-terminal telopeptide was elevated in 91% of patients (10/11). Among 12 patients, the Z-scores of two patients were greater than 2.5 at the femur neck and the Z-scores of five patients were lower than −2.5 at the femur neck and/or lumbar spine. HR-pQCT results showed lower volumetric BMD (vBMD), altered bone microstructure and lower estimated bone strength at the distal radius and tibia in patients with CED compared with controls. In addition, total volume bone mineral density and cortical volumetric bone mineral density at the radius were negatively correlated with age in patients with CED, but positively correlated with age in controls. In conclusion, the largest case series of CED with characterized clinical features in a Chinese population was reported here. In addition, HR-pQCT was used to investigate bone microstructure at the distal radius and tibia in nine patients with CED, and the alteration of bone density, microstructure, and strength was shown for the first time. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Evaluation of intervention strategy of thalassemia for couples of childbearing ages in Centre of Southern China
Authors: Jiang Fan , Zuo Liandong , Li Jian , Chen Guilan , Tang Xuewei , Zhou Jianying , Qu Yanxia , Li Dongzhi , Liao Can 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo describe the free intervention strategy of thalassemia for childbearing couples in Guangzhou.MethodsRoutine hematology examinations were conducted for 137,222 couples. Among them, 37,501 couples who had mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <82 fL or mean corpuscular hemoglobin <27 pg were elected for Hb analysis and the deletions of four common α‐thalassemia mutation. Reverse dot blot for common nondeletional α‐thalassemia and β‐thalassemia was selectively used. Three thousand twenty‐two couples randomly selected were offered all those tests as a control group. Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification and next‐generation sequencing were used for rare thalassemia. High‐risk couples were offered prenatal diagnosis at 10–13 weeks’ gestation based on informed consent.ResultsThe carrier rates of α‐, β‐, and αβ‐thalassemia and δβ thalassemia/deletional HPFH were 7.7%, 3.02%, 0.5% and 0.059% respectively. Of them, 1.37% were identified as at‐risk couples and 345 couples terminated the pregnancy. No severe α‐ and β‐thalassemia births were observed. In the control group, two β‐ thalassemia carriers and one case with −α3.7/ααQS were misdiagnosed, but all at‐risk couples were found, and we could save 1,523,774 ¥ using our strategy. The cut‐off points of 73.46 fL and 23.25 pg would be useful to find −α+/αT thalassemia.ConclusionThe intervention strategy was cost‐effective and offered reference in population thalassemia screening.
Defend, disrupt, and build: Guerrilla urbanist interventions and fighting gentrification in the barrio
Authors: Sarmiento Carolina S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study proposes guerrilla urbanist interventions (GUIs) as a domain to analyze some seemingly more conflictual and confrontational anti‐gentrification efforts in the barrio. The historic and theoretical foundation of guerrillas informs the spatial and political conceptualization of these more confrontational urban interventions. The research examines anti‐gentrification efforts in Boyle Heights and Santa Ana, California through this guerrilla urbanist intervention framework and analyses data collected through interviews and participant observation, and archival data comprised of public videos, writings, and manifestos. The analysis surfaces themes of “Defense,” “Disruption,” and “Building” to explain GUI's mode of establishing a new sociopolitical terrain in the neighborhood. GUIs use disruptions to delegitimize processes of community engagement in planning and development and create political spaces to voice complaints against displacement through criminalization, deportation, and gentrification. GUIs also ignite their own public process to try and remove certain actors from the neighborhood. Although GUIs are small and temporary, they help surface the complex political and economic structures that gentrification easily masks through art, culture, and community‐based organizations. Political and economic interests become visible enough for individuals to at least reevaluate longstanding alliances and call to question the specific interests of certain actors and processes.
Deletion of TrkB in parvalbumin interneurons alters cortical neural dynamics
Authors: Lau Chunyue Geoffrey , Zhang Huiqi , Murthy Venkatesh N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSignaling by neurotrophins such as the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to modulate development of interneurons, but the circuit effects of this modulation remain unclear. Here, we examined the impact of deleting TrkB, a BDNF receptor, in parvalbumin‐expressing (PV) interneurons on the balance of excitation and inhibition (E‐I) in cortical circuits. In the mouse olfactory cortex, TrkB deletion impairs multiple aspects of PV neuronal function including synaptic excitation, intrinsic excitability, and the innervation pattern of principal neurons. Impaired PV cell function resulted in aberrant spiking patterns in principal neurons in response to stimulation of sensory inputs. Surprisingly, dampened PV neuronal function leads to a paradoxical decrease in overall excitability in cortical circuits. Our study demonstrates that, by modulating PV circuit plasticity and development, TrkB plays a critical role in shaping the evoked pattern of activity in a cortical network.
Synthesis and formation mechanism analysis of meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 with controllable mesoporous volume
Authors: Liu Chengxian , Zhao Cheng , Hu Xiaomei , Zou Yun , Yun Junge , Jiang Xueying , Wei Ninghan , Tong Zhangfa , Chen Zhihang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDZSM‐5 molecular sieve has an important application value in industrial adsorption. Due to the existence of micropores, it is hard for larger molecules to enter the ZSM‐5 molecular sieve. Meso‐microporous MFI zeolite was prepared by hydrothermal crystallization regarding the organosilane as the structure‐directing agent. Then the samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and so on. The effect of organosilane on mesoporous volume and the mechanism of mesoporous formation were further investigated. Finally the performance of adsorption for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 were analyzed by static adsorption and dynamic adsorption experiments.RESULTSThe meso‐microporous ZSM‐5, which were prepared with the organosilanes, contained not only large and uniform mesopores but also certain amounts of micropores. The results of N2 physisorption showed that the meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 obtained by propyl trimethoxy silane had the highest specific surface area (438.19 m2 g−1) and mesoporous volume (0.15 cm3 g−1). When the molar ratio of SiO2: octyl trimethoxy silane was 1: 0.1, the specific surface area (508.03 m2 g−1) and mesoporous volume (0.23 cm3 g−1) of the O‐ZSM‐5 were maximum. Compared with traditional ZSM‐5, the toluene adsorption performance of meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 had been effectively improved.CONCLUSIONThis research focused on offering the simple and high efficiency meso‐ microporous ZSM‐5 synthetic routes. The newly intercrystalline mesoporosity in ZSM‐5 zeolite showed a controllable mesoporous channel, which was better than traditional ZSM‐5. The prepared molecular sieve was a promising adsorption material for the volatile organic compounds. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Fewer non‐COVID‐19 respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal infections during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tanislav Christian , Kostev Karel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor preventing the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, measures like wearing masks, social distancing, and hand hygiene played crucial roles. These measures may also have affected the expansion of other infectious diseases like respiratory tract infections (RTI) and gastro‐intestinal infections (GII). Therefore, we aimed to investigate non‐COVID‐19 related RTI and GII during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Patients with a diagnosis of an acute RTI (different locations) or acute GII documented anonymously in 994 general practitioner (GP) or 192 pediatrician practices in Germany were included. We compared the prevalence of acute RTI and GII between April 2019–March 2020 and April 2020–March 2021. In GP practices, 715,440 patients were diagnosed with RTI or GII in the nonpandemic period versus 468,753 in the pandemic period; the same trend was observed by pediatricians (275,033 vs. 165,127). By GPs, the strongest decrease was observed for the diagnosis of influenza (−71%, p < 0.001), followed by acute laryngitis (−64%, p < 0.001), acute lower respiratory infections (bronchitis) (−62%, p < 0.001), and intestinal infections (−40%, p < 0.001). In contrast, the relatively rare viral pneumonia strongly increased by 229% (p < 0.001). In pediatrician practices, there was a strong decrease in infection diagnoses, especially influenza (−90%, p < 0.001), pneumonia (−73%, p < 0.001 viral; −76%, p < 0.001 other pneumonias), and acute sinusitis (−66%, p < 0.001). No increase was observed for viral pneumonia in children. The considerable limitations concerning social life implemented during the COVID‐19 pandemic to combat the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 also resulted in an inadvertent but welcome reduction in other non‐Covid‐19 respiratory tract and gastro‐intestinal infections.
Evaluation of growth and carotenoid production by a green microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda PUMCC 4.1.40. under optimized culture conditions
Authors: Rajput Alka , Singh Davinder P. , Khattar Jasvirinder S. , Swatch Gurdeep K. , Singh Yadvinder 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicroalgae are a potential source of a wide range of food and novel value‐added products. The versatility of microalgae to produce different kind of pigments is gaining interest as a sustainable source of natural carotenoids. Currently, commercial production of carotenoids from selected microalgae requires special culture conditions which are difficult to maintain. The present study has been undertaken to optimize culture conditions for growth and carotenoid production by a new isolate Scenedesmus quadricauda PUMCC 4.1.40. The results revealed that test organism produced 1.54 mg dry biomass/ml with a content of 40 μg carotenoids/mg dry biomass during stationary phase. The growth and carotenoid production was increased by 2.4‐fold under combined optimized culture conditions. The optimized conditions were growth medium, Chu‐10; pH 8.5; temperature, 30°C; nitrogen, 20 mM nitrate; phosphate, 0.22 mM; NaCl, 0.42 mM and blue light. Separation and identification of four important carotenoids through high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) followed by purification using flash chromatography and quantification by HPLC revealed 23.8, 19.0, 6.5, and 4.0 μg astaxanthin, β‐carotene, lutein, and canthaxanthin /mg dry biomass, respectively. The amount of total carotenoids (98 μg/mg dry biomass) containing 40% valuable astaxanthin and β‐carotene produced under optimized conditions was significantly higher than control cultures. This justifies that S. quadricauda is a promising candidate for scale‐up production of carotenoid.
Toward quantitative SERS detection in low analyte concentration by investigating the immersion volume and time of SERS substrate in analyte solution
Authors: Chen Wei‐Liang , Lo Chao‐Yuan , Huang Yu‐Chun , Wang Yu‐Chi , Chen Wei‐Hung , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh , Chang Yu‐Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe strength of SERS signal depends on the amount of analyte adsorbed onto the hotspots of a SERS substrate immersed in solution. This adsorption is a dynamic process and can be described by the Langmuir adsorption model, in which the adsorption is influenced by several factors such as the temperature and the immersion time. By varying the immersion time and immersion volume of a gold nanostructure array SERS substrate in malachite green solution, we find that the required immersion time to reach the equilibrium adsorption coverage increases with decreasing analyte concentration and volume. For a 6.5 mm × 6.5 mm SERS substrate immersed in 15 ml of 1.5 ppb malachite solution, it takes more than 7 days of immersion time for it to reach 63% of the equilibrium coverage in ambient environment. Furthermore, at low concentration and immersion volume, the solution concentration decreases during the adsorption process and causes deviation from the prediction of Langmuir isotherm. In this work, we demonstrate that for quantitative SERS measurement in low analyte concentration, it is critical to take the immersion volume and time into consideration and ensure the equilibrium adsorption coverage or SERS intensity is reached for accurate concentration determination.
Health‐Related Quality of Life, Dysphagia, Voice Problems, Depression, and Anxiety After Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Wulff Nille B. , Dalton Susanne O. , Wessel Irene , Arenaz Búa Beatriz , Löfhede Helena , Hammerlid Eva , Kjaer Trille K. , Godballe Christian , Kjærgaard Thomas , Homøe Preben 
Published: September 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe aims were to determine health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), including voice problems, dysphagia, depression, and anxiety after total laryngectomy (TL), and investigate the associations between HRQoL and the late effects.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.Methods172 participants having received a TL 1.6 to 18.1 years ago for laryngeal/hypopharyngeal cancer filled in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, Core and Head and Neck module (EORTC QLQ‐C30, EORTC QLQ‐H&N35), Voice‐Related Quality of Life questionnaire (V‐RQOL), M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires.ResultsParticipants scored worse than normative reference populations on all scales/items of the EORTC questionnaires, except one, and almost half of the scales/items showed a clinically relevant difference. Moderate/severe dysphagia was present in 46%, moderate/severe voice problems in 57%, depression in 16%, and anxiety in 20%. Decreasing age, increasing numbers of comorbidities, increasing voice problems, increasing dysphagia, and increasing depression symptoms, were associated with a lowered EORTC QLQ‐C30 summary score.ConclusionA substantial proportion of participants experienced clinically significant late effects and increasing levels of these were associated with a lowered HRQoL.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:980–988, 2022