bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitions to Sustainable Urban Water Systems
Authors: Moravej Mojtaba , Sochacka Beata , Kenway Steven , Newton Peter , Swinbourne Cassady , Lam Ka Leung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRadical changes are needed in metropolitan-scale strategic planning to better integrate land use, transport planning, and urban water planning, as well as new models for water-sensitive urban design at building and precinct scales that deliver liveability and ecosystem benefits. This is a mission-scale challenge. Transition pathways involve combinations of new technology, innovative urban design, enabling policies and regulations, novel planning processes and urban development, and demand-side changes in consumers’ attitudes regarding urban lifestyles related to water and energy use. The chapter draws on 10 years of applied research undertaken collaboratively with government and industry to illustrate how integrated plans and designs can be established and tested. Examples of good design spanning the architectural and technological realms supported by quantified performance analysis and institutional change across the entire water cycle including natural and anthropogenic systems are provided. They address urban water transitions that need to be accelerated across scales, including site, precinct, and city to achieve more sustainable water-sensitive urban regions.
Neighborhood Income Disparities in Unplanned Hospital Admission and In-Hospital Outcomes Among Children with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Ghimire Laxmi V. , Khanal Sagya , Torabyan Zareh , El-Rahi Hiba , Cong Catherine , Chou Fu-Sheng , Aljohani Othman A. , Moon-Grady Anita J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnplanned admissions are associated with worse clinical outcomes and increased hospital resource utilization. We hypothesized that children with congenital heart disease (CHD) from lower-income neighborhoods have higher rates of unplanned hospital admissions and greater resource utilization. Utilizing the Kids’ Inpatient Database (2016 and 2019), we included children under 21 years of age with CHD, excluding newborn hospitalizations. CHD cases were categorized into simple lesions, complex biventricular lesions, and single ventricle lesions. Admissions were classified as surgical or non-surgical. A logistic regression model assessed the risk of unplanned hospital admission, mortality, and resource utilization across different neighborhood income levels. Out of 4,722,684 admitted children (excluding newborn hospitalizations), 199,757 had CHD and met the study criteria: 121,626 with mild CHD, 61,639 with complex biventricular lesions, and 16,462 with single ventricle lesions. Surgical admissions comprised 20% (n = 39,694). In the CHD cohort, 27% had planned admissions, while 73% were unplanned. Mortality was higher in unplanned admissions compared to planned admissions (3.0 vs. 0.93%, P < 0.001). Unplanned admissions were more common in the lowest-income neighborhoods compared to the highest-income neighborhoods (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–1.5; P < 0.001), consistent across different age groups. Higher rates of unplanned admissions in the lowest-income neighborhoods were observed for each CHD category and for both medical and surgical admissions. Median hospitalization length was longer in the poorest neighborhoods compared to the wealthiest (7 days [IQR 3–21] vs. 6 days [IQR 3–17], P < 0.001). In conclusion, children with CHD residing in the lowest-income neighborhoods have increased odds of unplanned hospitalization for both surgical and non-surgical admissions, along with higher mortality and resource utilization.
Do internationally operating companies act in a socially sustainable manner? An empirical comparison of disclosure regarding employee matters and human rights matters
Authors: Reustlen Stefanie , Stawinoga Martin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although employee matters and human rights matters directly affect the corporate environment, research in this area remains nascent. To obtain evidence on the extent of corporate compliance with due diligence obligations, sustainability reporting has been analyzed. Grounded in institutional theory, this study examines the effects of regulation, the degree of professionalization, and sector-specific variations. The research employs a qualitative-interpretative content analysis, focusing on the reporting behaviour of 12 listed companies in Germany from both high-risk and low-risk sectors. The reporting periods selected are 2017 and 2021, chosen to examine the impact of regulations under the Non-Financial Reporting Directive 2014/95/EU (NFRD) and the Second Shareholder Rights Directive. The results show that regulation influences the disclosure of employee matters and human rights matters. Furthermore, there is a difference in the level of specificity regarding these matters, as well as in terms of opportunities and risks. The intensity of regulation also has an impact on the comparability and quality of reporting. By analyzing the reporting behaviour concerning two central social matters, this study compares the disclosure of employee matters and human rights matters, thereby contributing to the broader understanding of corporate social responsibility as well as gaining knowledge regarding sustainable corporate governance processes fostering the transformation towards sustainability-related actions across different sectors. In addition, the study examines both existing (NFRD) and forthcoming Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) EU reporting obligations within a unified research framework, thus contributing to the advancement of sustainability reporting from an institutional theoretical perspective.
Comparing surface currents near the mouth of three bays along the U.S. East Coast: Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Bay, and New York Bay
Authors: Ezer Tal , Updyke Teresa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Monthly surface currents at 2 km resolution near the mouths of three U.S. east coast bays were obtained from high-frequency radars (Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar, CODAR) during 2012–2024. The currents near these bays, the Chesapeake Bay (CB), the Delaware Bay (DB) and the New York Bay (NB) were analyzed to infer similarity and differences, as well as potential common forcing from regional and basin-scale factors. The contribution to flow variability from local and remote forcing is evaluated by comparing surface currents with (a) river discharges into each bay, (b) with local and regional winds, and (c) with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The results show that surface flow variability near the mouth of the bays is linked with all three driving factors. The three bays often show similar flow patterns not only of the seasonal cycle, but also during extreme weather events. For example, increased surface flow into the bays from the Atlantic Ocean is seen when hurricanes are observed offshore in the fall, and increased surface flow from the bays is seen during winter storms. During positive NAO phases, eastward flow from all three bays increased due to intensified westerly winds, while during negative NAO phases flow decreased with weakening winds in the region. River discharges into the bays increased during 2012–2019 but decreased during 2019–2024. This change in river discharge trend was especially large in the CB, resulting in a change in trends of the surface currents. Monthly currents of each bay are only weakly correlated with the monthly river flow (R ~ 0.2–0.3; P < 0.05), while the seasonal cycles of rivers and currents have higher correlations (R ~ 0.6–0.7). Local winds show high correlations with the monthly currents (R ~ 0.75) with the current direction ~ 45° to the right of the wind, as expected from Ekman theory. However, contributions to current variability from regional and remote factors cannot be ignored. The results demonstrate the complex nature of the currents near the mouth of bays since multiple drivers, including estuarine, coastal and open ocean dynamics contribute to the observed variability.
Comparison of imputation methods for univariate categorical longitudinal data
Authors: Emery Kevin , Studer Matthias , Berchtold André 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe life course paradigm emphasizes the need to study not only the situation at a given point in time, but also its evolution over the life course in the medium and long term. These trajectories are often represented by categorical data. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the multiple imputation methods proposed so far in the context of univariate categorical data and to assess their practical relevance through a simulation study based on real data. The primary goal is to provide clear methodological guidelines and improve the handling of missing data in life course research. In parallel, we develop the MICT-timing algorithm, which is an extension of the MICT algorithm. This innovative multiple imputation method improves the quality of imputation in trajectories subject to time-varying transition rates, a situation often encountered in life course data.
Sharp Hölder regularity for Nirenberg’s complex Frobenius theorem
Authors: Yao Liding 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNirenberg’s famous complex Frobenius theorem gives necessary and sufficient conditions on a locally integrable structure for when the manifold is locally diffeomorphic to ℝr × ℂm × ℝN−r−2m through a coordinate chart F in such a way that the structure is locally spanned by "Image missing", where we have given ℝr × ℂm × ℝN−r−2m coordinates (t, z, s). In this paper, we give the optimal Hölder–Zygmund regularity for the coordinate charts which achieve this realization. Namely, if the structure has Hölder–Zygmund regularity of order α > 1, then the coordinate chart F that maps to ℝr × ℂm × ℝN−r−2m may be taken to have Hölder–Zygmund regularity of order α, and this is sharp. Furthermore, we can choose this F in such a way that the vector fields "Image missing" on the original manifold have Hölder–Zygmund regularity of order α − ε for every ε > 0, and we give an example to show that the regularity for $${F^\ast}{\partial \over {\partial z}}$$

F
∗

∂

∂
z

is optimal.
What really elicits learners’ situational interest in learning activities: a scoping review of six most commonly researched types of situational interest sources in educational settings
Authors: Guo Zhixing , Fryer Luke K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The importance of interest in learning has long been recognized. Considering the beneficial effects of situational interest (e.g., its potential to develop into individual interest) and its primary dependence on environmental features, numerous empirical studies have explored various situational interest sources (e.g., novelty, utility-value) within learning activities. This review aims to systematically summarize the situational interest sources identified by existing empirical studies based on the four-phase model of interest development (Hidi & Renninger Educational Psychologist, 41(2), 111–127, 2006) and to synthesize the influence of these sources on learners’ situational interest. Underpinned by the five-stage framework by Arksey and O’Malley (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32, 2005) and PRISMA extension for scoping reviews ([PRISMA-ScR], Tricco et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467–473, 2018), the current review examined 35 empirical studies on situational interest sources between 2006 and 2022. Six types of situational interest sources (utility-value/relevance/meaningfulness, novelty, cognitive activation/complexity, social interaction, hands-on activity, choice) were extracted from the empirical studies reviewed. The effects of these six types of situational interest sources in different conditions and for different types of learners were demonstrated in the review. Latent sources underlying the proposed types of situational interest sources were also examined. The psychological, cognitive or behavioural rationales underlying the effect of each type of situational interest source and the implications for future research and practice were discussed at the end of the review.
Hierarchically Porous Polypyrrole Foams Contained Ordered Polypyrrole Nanowire Arrays for Multifunctional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Dynamic Infrared Stealth
Authors: Liu Yu-long , Zhu Ting-yu , Wang Qin , Huang Zi-jie , Sun De-xiang , Yang Jing-hui , Qi Xiao-dong , Wang Yong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs modern communication and detection technologies advance at a swift pace, multifunctional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with active/positive infrared stealth, hydrophobicity, and electric-thermal conversion ability have received extensive attention. Meeting the aforesaid requirements simultaneously remains a huge challenge. In this research, the melamine foam (MF)/polypyrrole (PPy) nanowire arrays (MF@PPy) were fabricated via one-step electrochemical polymerization. The hierarchical MF@PPy foam was composed of three-dimensional PPy micro-skeleton and ordered PPy nanowire arrays. Due to the upwardly grown PPy nanowire arrays, the MF@PPy foam possessed good hydrophobicity ability with a water contact angle of 142.00° and outstanding stability under various harsh environments. Meanwhile, the MF@PPy foam showed excellent thermal insulation property on account of the low thermal conductivity and elongated ligament characteristic of PPy nanowire arrays. Furthermore, taking advantage of the high conductivity (128.2 S m−1), the MF@PPy foam exhibited rapid Joule heating under 3 V, resulting in dynamic infrared stealth and thermal camouflage effects. More importantly, the MF@PPy foam exhibited remarkable EMI shielding effectiveness values of 55.77 dB and 19,928.57 dB cm2 g−1. Strong EMI shielding was put down to the hierarchically porous PPy structure, which offered outstanding impedance matching, conduction loss, and multiple attenuations. This innovative approach provides significant insights to the development of advanced multifunctional EMI shielding foams by constructing PPy nanowire arrays, showing great applications in both military and civilian fields.
Descriptive Analysis of Good Clinical Practice Inspection Findings from the Saudi Food and Drug Authority
Authors: Arab Omaima O. , Aldayan Mohammed , Almowaizri Khalid , Alghamdi Ahmad , Alghamdi Jahad , Alharf Adel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) conducts inspections in accordance with Good Clinical Practice (GCP) to safeguard clinical trial integrity and protect the rights, safety, and welfare of study participants. These inspections ensure that trials are conducted in compliance with GCP and applicable laws.

Objectives
The study aims to provide a description of GCP inspection findings, analyze their impact on the clinical trial ecosystem, and provide recommendations to improve clinical trial conduction in Saudi Arabia.

Methods
A review was conducted on inspection reports, with two senior independent inspectors examining, collecting, and categorizing the data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the categorical variable via frequency distributions.

Results
A total of 131 GCP inspections were performed between 2017 and 2023, totaling 722 observations from 116 (88.5%) inspection visits. The remaining 15 (11.5%) inspection visits recorded no observations. The highest number of visits were conducted in contract research organizations (CRO) (n = 50; 38.2%) with 118 observations, followed by clinical investigator sites (n = 46; 35.1%) with 313 observations, then bioequivalence (BE) centers (n = 33; 25.2%) with 256 observations, and the last 2 (1.5%) visits were conducted in phase I clinical trial units with 35 observations.

Conclusion
This study assesses GCP inspection reports and examines the types of deficiencies and their grades in each area. Observation categories and grades were found to vary by organization type, which indicates the need for specific action plans addressing each organization type separately. This report provided recommendations based on the most common findings to assist researchers and sponsors when conducting clinical trials in Saudi Arabia.
Big data acquisition for underground infrastructure condition assessment
Authors: Wang Chao , Xiao Zhipeng , Wang Yixian , Wang Fei , Li Zili 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The condition assessment of underground infrastructure (UI) is critical for maintaining the safety, functionality, and longevity of subsurface assets like tunnels and pipelines. This article reviews various data acquisition techniques, comparing their strengths and limitations in UI condition assessment. In collecting structured data, traditional methods like strain gauge can only obtain relatively low volumes of data due to low sampling frequency, manual data collection, and transmission, whereas more advanced and automatic methods like distributed fiber optic sensing can gather relatively larger volumes of data due to automatic data collection, continuous sampling, or comprehensive monitoring. Upon comparison, unstructured data acquisition methods can provide more detailed visual information that complements structured data. Methods like closed-circuit television and unmanned aerial vehicle produce large volumes of data due to their continuous video recording and high-resolution imaging, posing great challenges to data storage, transmission, and processing, while ground penetration radar and infrared thermography produce smaller volumes of image data that are more manageable. The acquisition of large volumes of UI data is the first step in its condition assessment. To enable more efficient, accurate, and reliable assessment, it is recommended to (1) integrate data analytics like artificial intelligence to automate the analysis and interpretation of collected data, (2) to develop robust big data management platforms capable of handling large volumes of data storage, processing and analysis, (3) to couple different data acquisition technologies to leverage the strengths of each technique, and (4) to continuously improve data acquisition methods to ensure efficient and reliable data acquisition.
Re-Thinking the ‘Social’ in British Colonial and South Asian History
Authors: Siddiqui Osama 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This historiographical review engages with recent works in British colonial and South Asian history that shed light on the emergence of the concept of ‘society’ or the ‘social’ in South Asia. The review explores three main areas for the study of the social concept including: scholarship on liberalism and colonial law; histories of colonial sociology and knowledge production; and materialist histories of political economy and concept formation. The review then outlines some avenues for further research, focusing particularly on questions of form, language, and translation that have largely been overlooked in existing scholarship. It suggests that while there are robust accounts of the uses of the social concept in South Asia, what is missing is a consideration of the vernacular histories of this concept, including how it came to be articulated in South Asian languages. Ultimately, the review makes the case that conceptual history must take into account both the historical transformations that produced certain concepts as well as the languages and aesthetic and documentary forms through which we come to know those concepts.
Romantic Relationships Matter More to Men than to Women
Authors: Wahring Iris V. , Simpson Jeffry A. , Van Lange Paul A. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Women are often viewed as more romantic than men, and romantic relationships are assumed to be more central to the lives of women than to those of men. Despite the prevalence of these beliefs, some recent research paints a different picture. Using principles and insights based on the interdisciplinary literature on mixed-gender relationships, we advance a set of four propositions relevant to differences between men and women and their romantic relationships. We propose that relative to women: (a) men expect to obtain greater benefits from relationship formation and thus strive more strongly for a romantic partner, (b) men benefit more from romantic relationship involvement in terms of their mental and physical health, (c) men are less likely to initiate breakups, and (d) men suffer more from relationship dissolution. We offer theoretical explanations based on differences between men and women in the availability of social networks that provide intimacy and emotional support. We discuss implications for friendships in general and friendships between men and women in particular.
Children as agents of cultural adaptation
Authors: Lew-Levy Sheina , Amir Dorsa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The human capacity for culture is a key determinant of our success as a species. While much work has examined adults’ abilities to create and transmit cultural knowledge, relatively less work has focused on the role of children (approx. 3-17 years) in this important process. In the cases where children are acknowledged, they are largely portrayed as acquirers of cultural knowledge from adults, rather than cultural producers in their own right. In this paper, we bring attention to the important role that children play in cultural adaptation by highlighting the structure, function, and ubiquity of the large body of knowledge produced and transmitted by children, known as peer culture. Supported by evidence from diverse disciplines, we argue that children are independent producers and maintainers of these autonomous cultures, which exist with regularity across diverse societies, and persist despite compounding threats. Critically, we argue peer cultures are a source of community knowledge diversity, encompassing both material and immaterial knowledge related to geography, ecology, subsistence, norms, and language. Through a number of case studies, we further argue that peer culture products and associated practices — including exploration, learning, and the retention of abandoned adult cultural traits — may help populations adapt to changing ecological and social conditions, contribute to community resilience, and even produce new cultural communities. We end by highlighting the pressing need for research to more carefully investigate children's roles as active agents in cultural adaptation.