bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Distributed Classroom
Authors: Joyner David A. , Isbell Charles 
Published: September 2021

A vision of the future of education in which the classroom experience is distributed across space and time without compromising learning.
What if there were a model for learning in which the classroom experience was distributed across space and time—and students could still have the benefits of the traditional classroom, even if they can't be present physically or learn synchronously? In this book, two experts in online learning envision a future in which education from kindergarten through graduate school need not be tethered to a single physical classroom. The distributed classroom would neither sacrifice students' social learning experience nor require massive development resources. It goes beyond hybrid learning, so ubiquitous during the COVID-19 pandemic, and MOOCs, so trendy a few years ago, to reimagine the classroom itself.
David Joyner and Charles Isbell, both of Georgia Tech, explain how recent developments, including distance learning and learning management systems, have paved the way for the distributed classroom. They propose that we dispense with the dichotomy between online and traditional education, and the assumption that online learning is necessarily inferior. They describe the distributed classroom's various delivery modes for in-person students, remote synchronous students, and remote asynchronous students; the goal would be a symmetry of experiences, with both students and teachers able to move from one mode to another. With The Distributed Classroom, Joyner and Isbell offer an optimistic, learner-centric view of the future of education, in which every person on earth can be a potential learner as barriers of cost, geography, and synchronicity disappear.
Screening of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.] Germplasm Lines against Drought Tolerance Based on Biochemical Traits
Authors: Choudhary M. L. , Tripathi M. K. , Gupta Neha , Tiwari Sushma , Tripathi Niraj , Parihar Prerana , Pandya R. K. 
Published: September 2021

Aim: The current investigation was commenced to investigate genetic miscellany among pearl millet genotypes based on diverse biochemical parameters interrelated to drought tolerance.
Study Design: In investigation, 96 pearl millet germplasm lines were screened against drought using diverse biochemical traits.
Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted at College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India during July 2019 to December, 2020.
Methodology: Five biochemical parameters viz., chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, total soluble sugars, proline and protein were investigated for explanation of differences among 96 pearl millet germplasm lines in respect to drought tolerance.
Results: Data of present investigation revealed the mean leaves chlorophyll at 30DAS was 2.90 mgg-1 with the range of 1.31-4.69 mgg-1, whereas chlorophyll at 60DAS was arrayed between 1.46-3.84 mgg-1with an average of 3.02 mgl-1. Carotenoid at 30DAS was ranging from 4.5-11.44 mgg-1 with an average value of 7.23 mgg-1, while carotenoid at 60DAS was recorded in range of 5.01 to 10.10 mgg-1with an average of 6.66 mgg-1. TSS was ranged between 1.10-2.20 mgg-1, proline 0.10 to 0.17 mg g-1 and protein content 9.2-16.60 mgg-1.
Conclusions: According to the biochemical data a total of 16 pearl millet genotypes were found to be grouped distantly among all the genotypes. Possibility existed to be drought tolerance of these genotypes.
Evaluation of Government’s Efforts to Mitigate the Adverse Effects of Gas Flaring in Host Communities
Authors: Obi Nkemdilim I. , Bwititi Phillip T , Nwose Ezekiel U. 
Published: September 2021

Background: This is a 5th in the series on gas flaring in Niger Delta Nigeria and previous reports have highlighted health impact and comparison of communities, amongst others. Government have mitigation programs whose satisfaction in the communities of Niger Delta is unknown.
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate government’s efforts at mitigation and adaptation whether there are age and/or gender differences
Methods: This was a quantitative survey cross-sectional study that used Likert scale questionnaire to generate views of the community on the behavioural change wheel (BCW) as well as mitigation and adaptation efforts of the government. Respondents were stratified into age groups and dichotomized in female or male and analysis involved multivariate analysis (MANOVA) to evaluate age and gender differences. Chi-Square tests were performed to assess associations between BCW components mitigation versus adaptation.
Results: A total of 435 respondents were included and the results show levels of inconsistent age and gender differences. Men tended to agree more on government’s BCW albeit not significance achieved, while women agreed more mitigation and adaptation (p < 0.02). On age, the silent generation (>70 years old) group agreed more on BCW, but contrarily disagreed on mitigation and adaptation while younger generation agreed on the latter (0.001). Chi-Square tests show significance for association.
Conclusion: This report highlights divergent views of the community on the discourse of government’s efforts at mitigation and adaptation of gas flaring in Niger Delta Nigeria, thereby providing empirical evidence of generational gap on environmental issue.
Clinical Outcome of Ventricular Septal Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction – A Single Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Balasubramaniyan Jayanty Venkata , Lakshmi Ravanasamudram Hariharan , Singh Harsimran , Murthy J. S. Sathyanarayana , Chandrakumar Vaishnavi 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Ventricular Septal Rupture (VSR) following Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is a fatal mechanical complication with high incidence of mortality. The aim of this study is to explore the clinical outcomes and to identify the factors related to early mortality in patients with VSR after AMI.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study and we collected clinical data of 21 adult patients with VSR following AMI from April 2012 and October 2020 who got admitted at our tertiary care centre. The patients were classified into two groups. The first group consisted of patients who died within two weeks from the diagnosis of VSR following AMI and the second group comprised of patients who survived more than two weeks after VSR.
Results: A total of 21 patients (mean age of 66.19±9.47 years) were enrolled in this study. The most common MI was Anterior MI (71.4%) and the location of VSR was predominantly in the anterior and apical septum (76.2%). The overall early mortality was 85.9% (n=18). 80.95% (n=17) of patients died within two weeks of diagnosis of AMI. Of the 4 patients who survived more than two weeks, three patients survived. The operative mortality in our study was 47%.
Conclusion: The prognosis for VSR in AMI remains poor. Renal failure is accompanied with high rate of early mortality in patients with VSR complicating AMI. History of smoking is associated with poor outcome.
Symbolizing algebraic story problems: Are diagrams helpful?
Authors: Bartel Anna N. , Alibali Martha W. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryMany people find that solving story problems is challenging. A key source of the difficulty is symbolizing problem situations. In two experiments, we tested whether diagrams promoted successful symbolization of two‐operator story problems, and we tested whether diagrams that depicted the integration of operations were more beneficial than diagrams that depicted the two operations separately. Findings in the two experiments were similar but not identical. Overall, participants were more likely to generate conceptually correct equations—though not always in integrated form—in the presence of diagrams, and this pattern was driven by the beneficial effects of diagrams for participants with lower visuospatial abilities. Further, participants with more negative attitudes towards mathematics were more likely to generate integrated equations with diagrams that depicted the integration of operations. Thus, the effects of diagrams varied across subgroups of participants.
Recent Advances in AIEgen‐Based Photodynamic Therapy and Immunotherapy
Authors: Zha Menglei , Yang Guang , Li Yaxi , Zhang Chen , Li Bo , Li Kai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCancer, one of the leading causes of death, has seriously threatened public health. However, there is still a lack of effective treatments. Nowadays, photodynamic therapy (PDT), relying on photosensitizers to trigger the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for killing cancer cells, has been emerging as a noninvasive anti‐cancer strategy. To enhance the overall anti‐cancer efficacy of PDT, various approaches including molecular design and combination with other therapeutic techniques have been proposed and implemented. Especially, photodynamic immunotherapy that can effectively evoke the body's immune response has attracted much attention. Recently, a class of photosensitizers with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) character have shown unique promises, taking advantage of their profound fluorescence and ROS‐generating ability in the aggregation state. Despite the promising results demonstrated by several groups, the associated studies are few and the mechanism of such AIEgen‐based photodynamic immunotherapy has not been fully understood. This review discusses the recent advances in the AIEgen‐based enhanced PDT with a special focus on the AIE photosensitizers for photodynamic immunotherapy, aiming to inspire more opportunities for in‐depth investigation of the working principles in this emerging anti‐cancer approach.
One Week Sustained In Vivo Therapeutic Release and Safety of Novel Extended‐Wear Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses
Authors: DiPasquale Stephen A. , Wuchte Liana D. , Mosley Robert J. , Demarest Renee M. , Voyles Meredith L. , Byrne Mark E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince the seminal work of Wichterle in 1965 describing the first soft contact lenses and their potential for ocular drug delivery, the field has yet to realize his vision. Maintaining all lens commercial properties combined with a mechanism for controlled drug release of therapeutically relevant concentrations for duration of wear is a major challenge. Here, successful in vivo week‐long sustained release of a small molecular weight therapeutic in rabbits from extended‐wear silicone hydrogel contact lenses meeting all commercial specifications by utilizing a novel macromolecular memory strategy is reported for the first time. Lens‐treated eyes show a continuous, therapeutically relevant bromfenac tear concentration of 256.4 ± 23.1 µg mL−1 for 8 days. Bromday (bromfenac ophthalmic solution, 0.09%, Bausch+Lomb) topical drops exhibit a quick peak concentration of 269.3 ± 85.7 µg mL−1 and 100 min duration. Bioavailability (AUC0‐8days) and mean residence time of lenses are 26 and 155 times higher than drops, respectively. Lenses are safe, well tolerated, and no corneal histological differences are observed. This work highlights the enormous potential of drug releasing lenses as a platform strategy, and offers a new dropless clinical strategy for post‐cataract, uveitis, post‐LASIK, and corneal abrasion treatment.
Ultrafast Nonlinear Pulse Propagation Dynamics in Metal–Dielectric Periodic Photonic Architectures
Authors: Acharyya Jitendra Nath , Mishra Akhilesh Kumar , Rao Desai Narayana , Kumar Ajit , Prakash Gaddam Vijaya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract1D metal–dielectric (MD) periodic structures take advantage of large refractive index contrast between metal and dielectrics to invoke extremely high nonlinear ultrafast responses of metal. These structures are also special due to their extremely high laser damage threshold. The Bragg‐like 1D MD structure (Ag/SiO2)4 enables strong optical field confinement with much enhanced nonlinear features as compared to simple metal or single (Ag/SiO2)1 structure. In the present work, the ultrafast nonlinear optical responses of the above structures are investigated via femtosecond broadband optical pump–probe technique. The enhanced nonlinear optical absorption is of reverse saturation of absorption nature, resulted due to free‐carrier absorption and excited‐state absorption processes. The spectral nonlinearities are closely related to the pump‐induced modification of the metal's dielectric functions, which are qualitatively visualized by transfer matrix and two‐temperature models. The ultrafast temporal evolution of nonlinear absorption clearly demonstrates enhanced optical nonlinearity, disentangled by the electron–electron and electron–phonon dynamic interactions at picosecond time scales. A phenomenological pulse propagation model is employed that incorporates the experimentally obtained nonlinear absorption coefficients and different nonlinear effects exhibited by the system. The findings of these new optical materials can possibly pave the way for promising applications in ultrafast photonics.
Synergy between Fermi Level of Graphene and Morphology of Polymer Film Allows Broadband or Wavelength‐Sensitive Photodetection
Authors: Yu Miao , Chen Yu , Chen Yong‐Gang , Yang Zhi‐Yong , Zhang Wei‐Feng , Yu Gui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeliberately tuning the photodetecting performances of polymer/graphene (G) hybrid films through a simple approach and understanding its underlying mechanisms are of significance for developing related devices. Herein, photodetecting features of polymer/G films are successfully tuned from broadband to IR/UV sensitive through a simple thermal treatment, providing optional working modes for varied demands. The morphologies and electronic/photodetecting properties of polymer/G hybrids are characterized in detail through atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, grazing‐incident wide angle X‐ray scattering, field effect transistor devices, and density functional theory calculations. The results suggest that the synergetic effect between Fermi level of G and morphologies of polymer film is responsible for the altered sensitivities to different radiations. The former factor shifts the energy barrier of charge carrier transferring for photocurrent generation, while the latter modifies the absorption capabilities of polymer films to the specific lights. Thus, in this work, besides proposing an in‐principle multimode photodetecting device for different applications, the intrinsic mechanisms behind the performance modifications and the robust capabilities of simple thermal treatments on tuning activities of polymer/G devices are revealed as well, which provide valuable supports for developing efficient photosensing devices in a facile and rational approach.
Recent Advances in Multilayer‐Structure Dielectrics for Energy Storage Application
Authors: Feng Mengjia , Feng Yu , Zhang Tiandong , Li Jinglei , Chen Qingguo , Chi Qingguo , Lei Qingquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn electrostatic capacitor has been widely used in many fields (such as high pulsed power technology, new energy vehicles, etc.) due to its ultrahigh discharge power density. Remarkable progress has been made over the past 10 years by doping ferroelectric ceramics into polymers because the dielectric constant is positively correlated with the energy storage density. However, this method often leads to an increase in dielectric loss and a decrease in energy storage efficiency. Therefore, the way of using a multilayer structure to improve the energy storage density of the dielectric has attracted the attention of researchers. Although research on energy storage properties using multilayer dielectric is just beginning, it shows the excellent effect and huge potential. In this review, the main physical mechanisms of polarization, breakdown and energy storage in multilayer structure dielectric are introduced, the theoretical simulation and experimental results are systematically summarized, and the preparation methods and design ideas of multilayer structure dielectrics are mainly described. This article covers not only an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art advances of multilayer structure energy storage dielectric but also the prospects that may open another window to tune the electrical performance of the electrostatic capacitor via designing a multilayer structure.
Recent advances in room temperature phosphorescence of crystalline boron containing organic compounds
Authors: Hackney Hannah E. , Perepichka Dmitrii F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn organic compounds, room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is a rare, yet highly desirable, property that is important for a wide variety of applications, including tissue imaging, anticounterfeiting technologies, photodynamic therapy, and organic light‐emitting devices. While most organic RTP molecules rely on heavy atoms or carbonyl functional groups to accelerate singlet‐to‐triplet intersystem crossing, in the past few years there have been several reports of RTP induced by boron‐containing functional groups. This minireview covers the recent literature on RTP of crystalline boroorganic compounds and analyzes the connections between molecular structure, intermolecular interactions, and the resulting phosphorescence.
A rapid review of barriers and enablers of organisational collaboration: Identifying challenges in disability reform in Australia
Authors: Hummell Eloise , Venning Alyssa , Foster Michele , Fisher Karen R. , Kuipers Pim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA rapid review of the literature on inter‐organisational collaboration was undertaken to identify and describe key barriers and enablers of relevance to current disability policy developments in Australia. Term searches of four databases resulted in the identification of 433 articles published between 2009 and 2019. After removal of duplicates and refinement, 17 peer‐reviewed articles underwent full review, data extraction and synthesis to distil barriers and enablers of inter‐organisational collaboration at three levels. At the macro‐level, policy instruments, institutional arrangements and resources were salient. At the meso‐level, clarity of organisational purposes and roles, and organisational systems and processes were important, as were factors of leadership, management, power and workforce. At the micro‐level, values, trust, culture and personal relationships could be either barriers or enablers, depending on context. The review indicated that meaningful and sustained collaboration across organisations is unlikely without careful planning, clear actions and significant investment at all three levels, providing important learnings for the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme context.
Halogen‐verbrückte Methylnaphthylpalladium‐Dimere als vielseitig einsetzbare Katalysatorvorstufen in Kreuzkupplungen
Authors: Sivendran Nardana , Pirkl Nico , Hu Zhiyong , Doppiu Angelino , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHalogenverbrückte Methylnaphthyl (MeNAP)‐Palladiumdimere werden als vielseitige‐Pd‐Quellen vorgestellt, die sich ideal für die Entwicklung katalytischer Methoden und präparativer organischer Synthesen eignen. Durch einfaches Mischen mit Phosphin‐ oder Carben‐Liganden werden sie in situ in definierte, monoligierte Komplexe umgewandelt. Ihre katalytische Aktivität wurde in anspruchsvollen Buchwald‐Hartwig‐, Heck‐, Suzuki‐ und Negishi‐Kupplungen sowie bei Keton‐Arylierungen mit den modernsten literaturbekannten Systemen verglichen. Ihr Einsatz zeigte rekordverdächtige Aktivitäten, die über die hinausgehen, die allein durch Optimierung des Liganden erreicht werden können. Die MeNAP‐Katalysatoren ermöglichen die Synthese von tetra‐ortho‐substituierten Arenen und sterisch anspruchsvollen Anilinen in nahezu quantitativen Ausbeuten bei Raumtemperatur, erlauben Mono‐Arylierungen von einfachen Ketonen und ermöglichen die bisher schwer zugängliche Kreuzkupplung von sekundären Alkylboronsäuren mit Arylchloriden.
Halogen‐Bridged Methylnaphthyl Palladium Dimers as Versatile Catalyst Precursors in Coupling Reactions
Authors: Sivendran Nardana , Pirkl Nico , Hu Zhiyong , Doppiu Angelino , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHalogen‐bridged methylnaphthyl (MeNAP) palladium dimers are presented as multipurpose Pd‐precursors, ideally suited for catalytic method development and preparative organic synthesis. By simply mixing with phosphine or carbene ligands, they are in situ converted into well‐defined monoligated complexes. Their catalytic performance was benchmarked against state‐of‐the‐art systems in challenging Buchwald–Hartwig, Heck, Suzuki and Negishi couplings, and ketone arylations. Their use enabled record‐setting activities, beyond those achievable by optimization of the ligand alone. The MeNAP catalysts permit syntheses of tetra‐ortho‐substituted arenes and bulky anilines in near‐quantitative yields at room temperature, allow mono‐arylations of small ketones, and enable so far elusive cross‐couplings of secondary alkyl boronic acids with aryl chlorides.
Profiling Carbohydrate Metabolism in Liver and Hepatocellular Carcinoma with [13C]‐Glycerate Probes
Authors: Chen Jun , LaGue Evan , Li Junjie , Yang Chendong , Hackett Edward P. , Mendoza Manuel , Alger Jeffry R. , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Corbin Ian R. , Billingsley Kelvin L. , Park Jae Mo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe interplay between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is central to carbohydrate metabolism. Here, we describe novel methods to assess carbohydrate metabolism using [13C]‐probes derived from glycerate, a molecule whose metabolic fate in mammals remains underexplored. Isotope‐based studies were conducted via NMR and mass spectrometry analyses of freeze‐clamped liver tissue extracts after [2,3‐13C2]glycerate infusion. The ex vivo investigations were correlated with in vivo measurements using hyperpolarized [1‐13C]glycerate. Application of [13C]glycerate to N‐nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)‐treated rats provided further assessments of intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. This method afforded direct analyses of control versus DEN tissues, and altered ratios of 13C metabolic products as well as unique glycolysis intermediates were observed in the DEN liver/tumor. Isotopomer studies showed increased glycerate uptake and altered carbohydrate metabolism in the DEN rats.
Physicochemical characteristics of polysulfone nanofiber membranes with iron oxide nanoparticles via electrospinning
Authors: Rosid Sarina Mat , Ajji Abdellah , Hasbullah Hasrinah , Rosid Salmiah Jamal Mat , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Goh Pei Sean 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydrophilicity is one of the ideal properties for water treatment membrane. In addition, higher surface area with a porous structure results in extraordinary permeability and selectivity, thus making it a good candidate for water permeability. This study used iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as polysulfone (PSf) membrane nanofillers to enhance the physicochemical properties. Nanofiber membranes were characterized in terms of morphology, wettability, and pure water permeability (PWP). The concentration of IONPs was varied from 0.5% to 2.0% (w/v). From the scanning electron microscope images, all produced membranes were smooth and contain bead‐free nanofibers. The produced nanofiber membrane with 1% (w/v) of IONPs concentration was found to be optimum since it had the highest porosity, lower contact angle, and desirable fiber thickness and diameter. In order to find the best PSf solution concentration, the loadings of PSf were varied from 18% to 27% (w/v). The PSf/IONPs with 25% (w/v) provided the best results in terms of fiber thickness and diameter, porosity and morphology. The contact angle also confirmed that in the presence of IONPs, the nanofiber structure produced with 25% PSf was less hydrophobic and had the highest PWP (70.27 L/m2 h bar).