bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Radiative Effect on Microphysics in Cirrus Clouds Against Satellite Observations
Authors: Zeng Xiping , Gong Jie , Li Xiaowen , Wu Dong L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe radiative effect on microphysics (REM) plays an important role in the dew/frost formation near the surface. How REM impacts cirrus clouds is investigated in this study, using bin microphysical model simulations and coincident data of the CloudSat and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellites. REM affects ice crystal spectrum with two types: radiative cooling and warming. Radiative cooling, as predicted by the bin‐model simulations, favors the formation of horizontally oriented ice crystals (HOICs), but radiative warming does not. Hence, a test of REM can be transformed to a test of HOICs, because HOICs can be measured by the microwave polarization observations of the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) at 166 GHz. To analyze the GMI data for their HOIC distribution, clouds are sorted into four groups with different optical depth and altitude, based on the radiative cooling/warming ratio (or eta) computed with satellite‐retrieved ice water content. Their HOIC distributions (e.g., the midlevel thick clouds have more HOICs than the high‐level ones) agree well with those predicted by the bin‐model simulations. The general agreement between the GMI observations and bin‐model simulations suggests that REM is common in cirrus clouds and impacts cirrus clouds significantly.
Combining Remote Sensing and Crop Models to Assess the Sustainability of Stakeholder‐Driven Groundwater Management in the US High Plains Aquifer
Authors: Deines Jillian M. , Kendall Anthony D. , Butler James J. , Basso Bruno , Hyndman David W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNonrenewable groundwater contributes ∼20% of global irrigation water. As a result, key agricultural regions around the world are on unsustainable trajectories due to aquifer depletion, threatening food production and local economies. With increasing resource scarcity in the central High Plains Aquifer in the United States, an innovative stakeholder‐driven groundwater management framework emerged in Kansas referred to as the Local Enhanced Management Area (LEMA) program. This framework enables groups of irrigators to join together to implement measures to conserve groundwater. Here, we assessed the efficacy of the first LEMA to move the region toward sustainability with a process‐based crop model driven by well records and satellite‐derived annual land use. We found increased irrigation efficiency under the LEMA program reduced groundwater extraction by 25% (40 million m3). However, only 22% of pumping reductions benefitted the net water balance (9 million m3) due to decreased irrigation return flow resulting from increased irrigation efficiency. We then estimated economic impacts using simulated crop yields, commodity prices, and estimated energy saved from reduced groundwater pumping. Cost savings from reduced pumping were about 4.5 times greater than the income lost from minor yield penalties. This suggests that the program promotes both economic and water sustainability, but water targets may need to be more strict to stabilize groundwater levels. As aquifer depletion threatens crop production in many parts of the world, approaches that integrate dynamic process‐based models with in situ and satellite data can inform economically and hydrologically sustainable management strategies. Our work highlights the need to consider both economic factors and root zone processes when evaluating irrigation conservation programs.
Vitamin D and schizophrenia: 20 years on
Authors: Cui Xiaoying , McGrath John J. , Burne Thomas H. J. , Eyles Darryl W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany epidemiological studies have highlighted the link between vitamin D deficiency and schizophrenia. In particular, two prominent studies report an association between neonatal vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of schizophrenia. In parallel, much has been learnt about the role of vitamin D in the developing central nervous system over the last two decades. Studies in rodent models of developmental vitamin D (DVD)-deficiency describe how brain development is altered leading to a range of neurobiological and behavioral phenotypes of interest to schizophrenia. While glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems have been little investigated in these models, alterations in developing dopamine systems are frequently reported. There have been far more studies reporting patients with schizophrenia have an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency compared to well controls. Here we have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that basically confirms this association and extends this to first-episode psychosis. However, patients with schizophrenia also have poorer general health, poorer diets, are frequently less active and also have an increased risk of other medical conditions, all factors which reduce circulating vitamin D levels. Therefore, we would urge caution in any causal interpretation of this association. We also summarize the inconsistent results from existing vitamin D supplementation trials in patients with schizophrenia. In respect to animal models of adult vitamin D deficiency, such exposures produce subtle neurochemical alterations and effects on cognition but do not appear to produce behavioral phenotypes of relevance to schizophrenia. We conclude, the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency during early life may increase the risk of schizophrenia remains plausible and warrants ongoing research.
The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their associations with quality of life among clinically stable older patients with psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Li Wen , Zhao Na , Yan Xiaona , Zou Siyun , Wang Huan , Li Yulong , Xu Xiuying , Du Xiangdong , Zhang Lan , Zhang Qinge , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinically stable older patients with psychiatric disorders is unclear. This study examined the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and their associations with quality of life (QOL) in clinically stable older patients with psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, insomnia, pain, and QOL were assessed with standardized instruments. A total of 1063 patients were included. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and combined depressive and anxiety symptoms were 62.3% (95%CI = 59.4–65.2%), 52.4% (95%CI = 49.3–55.4%), and 45.9% (95%CI = 42.9–48.9%), respectively. Patients with depressive and anxiety symptoms had significantly lower QOL than those without (P < 0.01). Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that having depressive symptoms was positively associated with more severe insomnia (OR = 1.29, P < 0.01) and pain (OR = 1.14, P < 0.01), and was negatively associated with other psychiatric diagnoses (except for major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and organic mental disorder; OR = 0.50, P < 0.01), while having anxiety symptoms was positively associated with severe physical diseases (OR = 1.57, P = 0.02), poor adherence to treatment (OR = 1.50, P < 0.01), and more severe insomnia (OR = 1.15, P < 0.01) and pain (OR = 1.11, P < 0.01). Having combined depression and anxiety symptoms was positively associated with poor adherence to treatment (OR = 1.42, P = 0.02) and more severe insomnia (OR = 1.19, P < 0.01) and pain (OR = 1.15, P < 0.01), and was negatively associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia (OR = 0.50, P = 0.04) and others (OR = 0.53, P < 0.01). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were common in clinically stable older patients with psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the negative impact of these symptoms on QOL, regular screening and appropriate treatment are recommended for this population.
PGC7 promotes tumor oncogenic dedifferentiation through remodeling DNA methylation pattern for key developmental transcription factors
Authors: Yan Qian , Zhang Yu , Fang Xiaona , Liu Beilei , Wong Tin Lok , Gong Lanqi , Liu Shan , Yu Dandan , Liu Ming , Jiang Lingxi , Wang Xia , Wei Ting , Jia Yongxu , Li Lei , Sun Liangzhan , Tang Ying , Zhou Ningning , Yuan Yun-Fei , Li Yan , Ma Stephanie , Guan Xin-Yuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPoorly differentiated tumors usually exhibit phenotypes similar to that of their developmental precursor cells. Tumor cells that acquire the lineage progenitor cells feature usually exploit developmental signaling to potentiate cancer progression. However, the underlying molecular events remain elusive. In this study, based on analysis of an in vitro hepatocyte differentiation model, the maternal factor PGC7 (also known as DPPA3, STELLA) was found closely associated with liver development and tumor differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Expression of PGC7 decreased during hepatocyte maturation and increased progressively from well-differentiated HCCs to poorly differentiated HCCs. Whole-genome methylation sequencing found that PGC7 could induce promoter demethylation of genes related to development. Pathway-based network analysis indicated that downstream targets of PGC7 might form networks associated with developmental transcription factor activation. Overexpression of PGC7 conferred progenitor-like features of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanism studies revealed that PGC7 could impede nuclear translocation of UHRF1, and thus facilitate promoter demethylation of GLI1 and MYCN, both of which are important regulators of HCC self-renewal and differentiation. Depletion or inhibition of GLI1 effectively downregulated MYCN, abolished the effect of PGC7, and sensitized HCC cells to sorafenib treatment. In addition, we found a significant correlation of PGC7 with GLI1/MYCN and lineage differentiation markers in clinical HCC patients. PGC7 expression might drive HCC toward a “dedifferentiated” progenitor lineage through facilitating promoter demethylation of key developmental transcription factors; further inhibition of PGC7/GLI1/MYCN might reverse poorly differentiated HCCs and provide novel therapeutic strategies.
The HSP-RTK-Akt axis mediates acquired resistance to Ganetespib in HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Eyermann Christopher E. , Haley John D. , Alexandrova Evguenia M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive subtype comprises 20% of sporadic breast cancers and is an aggressive disease. While targeted therapies have greatly improved its management, primary and acquired resistance remain a major roadblock to making it a curable malignancy. Ganetespib, an Hsp90 (Heat shock protein 90) small molecule inhibitor, shows preferential efficacy in HER2-positive breast cancer, including therapy-refractory cases, and has an excellent safety profile in ongoing clinical trials (38 in total, six on breast cancer). However, Ganetespib itself evokes acquired resistance, which is a significant obstacle to its clinical advancement. Here, we show that Ganetespib potently, albeit temporarily, suppresses HER2-positive breast cancer in genetic mouse models, but the animals eventually succumb via acquired resistance. We found that Ganetespib-resistant tumors upregulate several compensatory HSPs, as well as a wide network of phospho-activated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), many of which are HSP clients. Downstream of p-RTKs, the MAPK pathway remains suppressed in the resistant tumors, as is HER2 itself. In contrast, the p-RTK effector Akt is stabilized and phospho-activated. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of Akt significantly delays acquired Ganetespib resistance, by 50%. These data establish Akt as a unifying actionable node downstream of the broadly upregulated HSP/p-RTK resistance program and suggests that Akt co-targeting with Ganetespib may be a superior therapeutic strategy in the clinic.
TROAP switches DYRK1 activity to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Li Lei , Wei Jia-Ru , Song Ye , Fang Shuo , Du Yanyu , Li Zhuo , Zeng Ting-Ting , Zhu Ying-Hui , Li Yan , Guan Xin-Yuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common malignancy and lacks effective therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) dramatically drove HCC cell growth assessed by foci formation in monolayer culture, colony formation in soft agar and orthotopic liver transplantation in nude mice. Inversely, silencing TROAP expression with short-hairpin RNA attenuated the malignant proliferation of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Next, mechanistic investigation revealed that TROAP directly bound to dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A/B (DYRK1A/B), resulting in the cytoplasmic retention of proteins DYRK1A/B and promoting cell cycle process via activation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling. Combination of cisplatin with an inhibitor of DYRK1 AZ191 effectively inhibited tumor growth in mouse model for HCC cells with high level of TROAP. Clinically, TROAP was significantly upregulated by miR-142-5p in HCC tissues, which predicted the poor survival of patients with HCC. Therefore, TROAP/DYRK1/Akt axis may be a promising therapeutic target and prognostic indicator for patients with HCC.
Zika virus infection induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in placental trophoblasts
Authors: Muthuraj Philma Glora , Sahoo Prakash K. , Kraus Madison , Bruett Taylor , Annamalai Arun S. , Pattnaik Aryamav , Pattnaik Asit K. , Byrareddy Siddappa N. , Natarajan Sathish Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infection to a pregnant woman can be vertically transmitted to the fetus via the placenta leading to Congenital Zika syndrome. This is characterized by microcephaly, retinal defects, and intrauterine growth retardation. ZIKV induces placental trophoblast apoptosis leading to severe abnormalities in the growth and development of the fetus. However, the molecular mechanism behind ZIKV-induced apoptosis in placental trophoblasts remains unclear. We hypothesize that ZIKV infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the trophoblasts, and sustained ER stress results in apoptosis. HTR-8 (HTR-8/SVneo), a human normal immortalized trophoblast cell and human choriocarcinoma-derived cell lines (JEG-3 and JAR) were infected with ZIKV. Biochemical and structural markers of apoptosis like caspase 3/7 activity and percent apoptotic nuclear morphological changes, respectively were assessed. ZIKV infection in placental trophoblasts showed an increase in the levels of CHOP mRNA and protein expression, which is an inducer of apoptosis. Next, we also observed increased levels of ER stress markers such as phosphorylated forms of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (P-IRE1α), and its downstream target, the spliced form of XBP1 mRNA, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (P-eIF2α), and activation of cJun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) after 16–24 h of ZIKV infection in trophoblasts. Inhibition of JNK or pan-caspases using small molecule inhibitors significantly prevented ZIKV-induced apoptosis in trophoblasts. Further, JNK inhibition also reduced XBP1 mRNA splicing and viral E protein staining in ZIKV infected cells. In conclusion, the mechanism of ZIKV-induced placental trophoblast apoptosis involves the activation of ER stress and JNK activation, and the inhibition of JNK dramatically prevents ZIKV-induced trophoblast apoptosis.
Complex hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with episodic visual loss caused by ACO2 variants
Authors: Tozawa Takenori , Nishimura Akira , Ueno Tamaki , Shikata Akane , Taura Yoshihiro , Yoshida Takeshi , Nakagawa Naoko , Wada Takahito , Kosugi Shinji , Uehara Tomoko , Takenouchi Toshiki , Kosaki Kenjiro , Chiyonobu Tomohiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMost patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic ACO2 variants present with muscular hypotonia features, namely, infantile cerebellar-retinal degeneration. Recently, two studies reported rare familial cases of ACO2 variants presenting as complex hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) with broad clinical spectra. Here, we report the case of a 20-year-old Japanese woman with complex HSP caused by compound heterozygous ACO2 variants, revealing a new phenotype of episodic visual loss during febrile illness.
Uncooled sub-GHz spin bolometer driven by auto-oscillation
Authors: Goto Minori , Yamada Yuma , Shimura Atsushi , Suzuki Tsuyoshi , Degawa Naomichi , Yamane Takekazu , Aoki Susumu , Urabe Junichiro , Hara Shinji , Nomura Hikaru , Suzuki Yoshishige 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBolometers are rectification devices that convert electromagnetic waves into direct current voltage through a temperature change. A superconducting bolometer has a responsivity of approximately 106–107 V/W under cryogenic temperatures at infrared wavelengths; however, no devices have realized such a high responsivity in the sub-GHz frequency region. We describe a spin bolometer with a responsivity of (4.40 ± 0.04) × 106 V/W in the sub-GHz region at room temperature using heat generated in magnetic tunnel junctions through auto-oscillation. We attribute the unexpectedly high responsivity to a heat-induced spin-torque. This spin-torque modulates and synchronizes the magnetization precession due to the spin-torque auto-oscillation and produces a large voltage output. In our device, heat-induced spin-torque was obtained because of a large heat-controlled magnetic anisotropy change: −2.7 µJ/Wm, which is significant for enhancing dynamic range and responsivity. This study can potentially lead to the development of highly sensitive microwave detectors in the sub-GHz region.
Role of mutational reversions and fitness restoration in Zika virus spread to the Americas
Authors: Liu Jianying , Liu Yang , Shan Chao , Nunes Bruno T. D. , Yun Ruimei , Haller Sherry L. , Rafael Grace H. , Azar Sasha R. , Andersen Clark R. , Plante Kenneth , Vasilakis Nikos , Shi Pei-Yong , Weaver Scott C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) emerged from obscurity in 2013 to spread from Asia to the South Pacific and the Americas, where millions of people were infected, accompanied by severe disease including microcephaly following congenital infections. Phylogenetic studies have shown that ZIKV evolved in Africa and later spread to Asia, and that the Asian lineage is responsible for the recent epidemics in the South Pacific and Americas. However, the reasons for the sudden emergence of ZIKV remain enigmatic. Here we report evolutionary analyses that revealed four mutations, which occurred just before ZIKV introduction to the Americas, represent direct reversions of previous mutations that accompanied earlier spread from Africa to Asia and early circulation there. Our experimental infections ofAedes aegyptimosquitoes, human cells, and mice using ZIKV strains with and without these mutations demonstrate that the original mutations reduced fitness for urban, human-amplifed transmission, while the reversions restored fitness, increasing epidemic risk. These findings include characterization of three transmission-adaptive ZIKV mutations, and demonstration that these and one identified previously restored fitness for epidemic transmission soon before introduction into the Americas. The initial mutations may have followed founder effects and/or drift when the virus was introduced decades ago into Asia.
Orthogonal translation enables heterologous ribosome engineering in E. coli
Authors: Kolber Natalie S. , Fattal Ranan , Bratulic Sinisa , Carver Gavriela D. , Badran Ahmed H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ribosome represents a promising avenue for synthetic biology, but its complexity and essentiality have hindered significant engineering efforts. Heterologous ribosomes, comprising rRNAs and r-proteins derived from different microorganisms, may offer opportunities for novel translational functions. Such heterologous ribosomes have previously been evaluated in E. coli via complementation of a genomic ribosome deficiency, but this method fails to guide the engineering of refractory ribosomes. Here, we implement orthogonal ribosome binding site (RBS):antiRBS pairs, in which engineered ribosomes are directed to researcher-defined transcripts, to inform requirements for heterologous ribosome functionality. We discover that optimized rRNA processing and supplementation with cognate r-proteins enhances heterologous ribosome function for rRNAs derived from organisms with ≥76.1% 16S rRNA identity to E. coli. Additionally, some heterologous ribosomes undergo reduced subunit exchange with E. coli-derived subunits. Cumulatively, this work provides a general framework for heterologous ribosome engineering in living cells.
Quantum-mechanical exploration of the phase diagram of water
Authors: Reinhardt Aleks , Cheng Bingqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe set of known stable phases of water may not be complete, and some of the phase boundaries between them are fuzzy. Starting from liquid water and a comprehensive set of 50 ice structures, we compute the phase diagram at three hybrid density-functional-theory levels of approximation, accounting for thermal and nuclear fluctuations as well as proton disorder. Such calculations are only made tractable because we combine machine-learning methods and advanced free-energy techniques. The computed phase diagram is in qualitative agreement with experiment, particularly at pressures ≲ 8000 bar, and the discrepancy in chemical potential is comparable with the subtle uncertainties introduced by proton disorder and the spread between the three hybrid functionals. None of the hypothetical ice phases considered is thermodynamically stable in our calculations, suggesting the completeness of the experimental water phase diagram in the region considered. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of predicting the phase diagram of a polymorphic system from first principles and provides a thermodynamic way of testing the limits of quantum-mechanical calculations.
Dynamic electron correlations with charge order wavelength along all directions in the copper oxide plane
Authors: Boschini F. , Minola M. , Sutarto R. , Schierle E. , Bluschke M. , Das S. , Yang Y. , Michiardi M. , Shao Y. C. , Feng X. , Ono S. , Zhong R. D. , Schneeloch J. A. , Gu G. D. , Weschke E. , He F. , Chuang Y. D. , Keimer B. , Damascelli A. , Frano A. , da Silva Neto E. H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn strongly correlated systems the strength of Coulomb interactions between electrons, relative to their kinetic energy, plays a central role in determining their emergent quantum mechanical phases. We perform resonant x-ray scattering on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, a prototypical cuprate superconductor, to probe electronic correlations within the CuO2 plane. We discover a dynamic quasi-circular pattern in the x-y scattering plane with a radius that matches the wave vector magnitude of the well-known static charge order. Along with doping- and temperature-dependent measurements, our experiments reveal a picture of charge order competing with superconductivity where short-range domains along x and y can dynamically rotate into any other in-plane direction. This quasi-circular spectrum, a hallmark of Brazovskii-type fluctuations, has immediate consequences to our understanding of rotational and translational symmetry breaking in the cuprates. We discuss how the combination of short- and long-range Coulomb interactions results in an effective non-monotonic potential that may determine the quasi-circular pattern.