bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal of behavioural phenotype by the cannabinoid-like compound VSN16R in fragile X syndrome mice
Authors: Hurley Michael J , Deacon Robert M J , Chan A W Edith , Baker David , Selwood David L , Cogram Patricia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited intellectual disability and mono-genetic cause of autism spectrum disorder. It is a neurodevelopmental condition occurring due to a CGG trinucleotide expansion in the FMR1 gene. Polymorphisms and variants in large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are increasingly linked to intellectual disability and loss of FMR protein causes reduced large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity leading to abnormalities in synapse function.
Using the cannabinoid-like large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activator VSN16R we rescued behavioural deficits such as repetitive behaviour, hippocampal dependent tests of daily living, hyperactivity and memory in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome.
VSN16R has been shown to be safe in a phase 1 study in healthy volunteers and in a phase 2 study in patients with multiple sclerosis with high oral bioavailability and no serious adverse effects reported. VSN16R could therefore be directly utilized in a fragile X syndrome clinical study. Moreover, VSN16R showed no evidence of tolerance, which strongly suggests that chronic VSN16R may have great therapeutic value for fragile X syndrome and autism spectrum disorder.
This study provides new insight into the pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome and identifies a new pathway for drug intervention for this debilitating disorder.
Serum metabolites associated with brain amyloid beta deposition, cognition and dementia progression
Authors: Nho Kwangsik , Kueider-Paisley Alexandra , Arnold Matthias , MahmoudianDehkordi Siamak , Risacher Shannon L , Louie Gregory , Blach Colette , Baillie Rebecca , Han Xianlin , Kastenmüller Gabi , Doraiswamy P Murali , Kaddurah-Daouk Rima , Saykin Andrew J ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and on behalf of the Alzheimer Disease Metabolomics Consortium
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetabolomics in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort provides a powerful tool for mapping biochemical changes in Alzheimer’s disease, and a unique opportunity to learn about the association between circulating blood metabolites and brain amyloid-β deposition in Alzheimer’s disease. We examined 140 serum metabolites and their associations with brain amyloid-β deposition, cognition and conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Processed [18F] Florbetapir PET images were used to perform a voxel-wise statistical analysis of the effect of metabolite levels on amyloid-β accumulation across the whole brain. We performed a multivariable regression analysis using age, sex, body mass index, apolipoprotein E ε4 status and study phase as covariates. We identified nine metabolites as significantly associated with amyloid-β deposition after multiple comparison correction. Higher levels of one acylcarnitine (C3; propionylcarnitine) and one biogenic amine (kynurenine) were associated with decreased amyloid-β accumulation and higher memory scores. However, higher levels of seven phosphatidylcholines (lysoPC a C18:2, PC aa C42:0, PC ae C42:3, PC ae C44:3, PC ae C44:4, PC ae C44:5 and PC ae C44:6) were associated with increased brain amyloid-β deposition. In addition, higher levels of PC ae C44:4 were significantly associated with lower memory and executive function scores and conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Our findings suggest that dysregulation of peripheral phosphatidylcholine metabolism is associated with earlier pathological changes noted in Alzheimer’s disease as measured by brain amyloid-β deposition as well as later clinical features including changes in memory and executive functioning. Perturbations in phosphatidylcholine metabolism may point to issues with membrane restructuring leading to the accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain. Additional studies are needed to explore whether these metabolites play a causal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease or if they are biomarkers for systemic changes during preclinical phases of the disease.
Adaptive Cross-Lingual Question Generation with Minimal Resources
Authors: Yu Jianxing , Wang Shiqi , Yin Jian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The task of question generation (QG) aims to create valid questions and correlated answers from the given text. Despite the neural QG approaches have achieved promising results, they are typically developed for languages with rich annotated training data. Because of the high annotation cost, it is difficult to deploy to other low-resource languages. Besides, different samples have their own characteristics on the aspects of text contextual structure, question type and correlations. Without capturing these diversified characteristics, the traditional one-size-fits-all model is hard to generate the best results. To address this problem, we study the task of cross-lingual QG from an adaptive learning perspective. Concretely, we first build a basic QG model on a multilingual space using the labelled data. In this way, we can transfer the supervision from the high-resource language to the language lacking labelled data. We then design a task-specific meta-learner to optimize the basic QG model. Each sample and its similar instances are viewed as a pseudo-QG task. The asking patterns and logical forms contained in the similar samples can be used as a guide to fine-tune the model fitly and produce the optimal results accordingly. Considering that each sample contains the text, question and answer, with unknown semantic correlations among them, we propose a context-dependent retriever to measure the similarity of such structured inputs. Experimental results on three languages of three typical data sets show the effectiveness of our approach.
Successful percutaneous treatment of occlusive spontaneous coronary artery dissection with a ‘pull-back injection technique’: case report
Authors: Unzue Leire , Romero-Castro Maria Jose , García Eulogio , Moreno Leire 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare condition that can cause acute coronary syndrome, typically in young patients without classical cardiovascular risk factors. Although in SCAD the conservative management is preferable, in cases with complete occlusion of the artery an invasive treatment may be required. In such cases, the goal of the percutaneous intervention should be to restore the connection between the true and false lumen recovering the distal flow of the vessel.

Case summary
A young man was admitted with acute chest pain and ST segment elevation in precordial v3–v6 leads. An emergent coronary angiogram showed an abrupt occlusion of middle left anterior descending artery compatible with SCAD. A microcatheter was advanced distally into the artery and pulled back with continuous contrast injection through the catheter, restoring the distal flow with a residual spiroid intimal flap and with relief of the chest discomfort. A computed tomography performed during admission showed complete resolution of the lesion.

Discussion
In SCAD with complete occlusion of the vessel, the ‘pull-back technique’ with continuous vigorous injection of contrast through a distal microcatheter may be effective to restore the distal flow enabling the healing of the artery at follow-up and avoiding the stent implant.
Work climate in pandemic times: which burdens do German physicians in primary care report?
Authors: Mause Laura , Hoffmann Jan , Ohnhäuser Tim , Gunkel Sophie , Stöcker Arno , Scholten Nadine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
In Germany, general practitioners (GPs) provide basic and primary care in the ambulatory sector and refer patients to other specialists when necessary. Often, GPs present the first point of contact for patients in the German healthcare system. During the COVID-19 pandemic, GPs and other medical specialists in the ambulatory setting suddenly were confronted with unprecedented challenges.

Objective
To answer the following research questions: How did COVID-19-related challenges affect the work climate? Do physicians with deteriorated work climate simultaneously report a worsened provision of patient care? Which challenges were the most burdening?

Methods
In the course of the project COVID-GAMS more than 18 000 physicians of various specialties had been invited to a quantitative cross-sectional online survey (in Summer 2020). Analyses were conducted separately for the groups of GPs and other medical specialists. Group differences were analysed statistically and burdening factors were identified.

Results
1703 participants were included in the analysis. 22.2% of GPs (other medical specialists: 19.9%) stated, their work climate had deteriorated. Physicians with a deteriorated work climate showed a tendency towards poorer personal provision of patient care (M = 3.75, SD = 0.98 versus M = 3.93, SD = 0.99) compared to unchanged or improved work climate. The lack of protective material in March/April 2020, changes in practice management and possible economic impacts on the practice were the most burdening factors reported by GPs.

Conclusion
GPs who reported a negative impact on the work climate in the course of the first pandemic lockdown also tend to see own deficits in the provision of patient care.
On the instantaneous frequency and quality factor
Authors: Carcione José M , Gei Davide , Picotti Stefano , Botelho Marco A B 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
We analyse the concepts of instantaneous frequency (IF) and quality factor (IQ). It is verified that the time-averaged IF is equal to the centroid of the signal energy of the spectrum and that the centroid of the signal spectrum is equal to the IF at the peak of the signal envelope. The latter property can be used to obtain the frequency shift required by tomographic methods. Then, we analyse the two-tone stationary Mandel signal in the lossless and lossy cases. The IQ is not infinite in the lossless case, although its reciprocal average vanishes, and the lossless and lossy IFs at the peak of the signal envelope are the same, whereas the IQ at this peak depends on the amplitudes and quality factors of the tones. The IQ of a propagating Ricker wavelet has a singularity at the peak of the envelope, which shows a shift in the lossy case, related to the velocity dispersion. We consider a lossy layer described by the Zener model. Varying its thickness implies a large variation in the IF, introducing unphysical spikes when the top and bottom reflections of the layer start to overlap. Finally, a practical application to real seismic data is presented.
Magma chamber-related transition from magmatic to solid-state fabrics within the Late Triassic granitic Dushan pluton (North China)
Authors: Qiu Huabiao , Lin Wei , Chen Yan , Faure Michel , Meng Lingtong , Ren Zhiheng , Zeng Jipei , Hou Quanlin 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
Penetrative petro-fabrics in plutons, particularly late-stage solid-state fabrics, are usually considered to record regional tectonism. However, these fabrics are fundamentally ambiguous to correlate with magma-chamber processes or regional tectonics. Understanding the processes of fabric formation requires a proper understanding of pluton formation and emplacement mechanism. In this paper, we provide a case study of a transition from magma chamber-related magmatic to solid-state fabrics within the Late Triassic granitic Dushan pluton (North China) based on a multidisciplinary investigation of its emplacement mechanism, including structural geology, isotope chronology, AMS data measurement, and gravity modeling. The Dushan pluton varies in a southwest direction from a megascopically isotropic monzogranite in the northeast to an arc-shaped gneissic monzogranite with locally mylonitic zones along the southwest margin. The compatible outward dipping mesoscopic and magnetic susceptibility foliations define a dome-like roof with a NE-SW long axis. Considering the absence of similar penetrative fabrics in the country rocks, a continuum of magma chamber-related fabric variations within the pluton, from magmatic to solid-state conditions, probably formed during pluton emplacement. Gravity modeling suggests that the Dushan pluton has a NE-SW trending tongue-like shape with a northeast positioned root. We propose a model in which the Dushan pluton was emplaced through a northeast feeder zone, beginning probably as a sill then evolving by inflation via several magma batches. Later magma batches inflated the country rocks to form the final pluton. Magma inflation deformed the former semi-solid magma, forming a curved gneissic to mylonitic foliation along the southwest margin of the pluton. Several multidisciplinary studies show that the North China Craton (NCC) experienced a Late Triassic regional crustal extension attending the Dushan pluton emplacement. Both mesoscopic and magnetic susceptibility fabrics of the pluton could be more related to magmatic process rather than regional tectonics, implying that such fabrics within plutons need to be used with caution for inferring regional tectonics.
Estimating Curie-point depths using both wavelet-based and Fourier spectral centroid methods in the western Pacific marginal seas
Authors: Yin Yihong , Li Chun-Feng , Lu Yu 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
The Curie-point depth is an important magnetic parameter for studying the geological structure and thermal evolution of the lithosphere. In this study, we first apply wavelet transform to the centroid method, and compare it with the conventional Fourier spectral centroid method based on a 3-D fractal magnetization model. We find that the Fourier transform method is suitable for estimating smaller Curie-point depths (less than 20 km), whereas the wavelet transform method has better accuracy in estimating large Curie-point depths (more than 30 km). The application of both methods to the western Pacific magnetic anomalies from the Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid of 2-arcmin resolution (EMAG2) proves their reliability and comparability. Our results show small Curie-point depths in areas with active magmatism and high heat flow, like mid-ocean ridges and island arcs of subduction zones, but large Curie-point depths in sedimentary basins and forearcs of subduction zones with low surface heat flow. We wrote our Curie-point depth inversion software CPDINV using FORTRAN language, which includes completed modules of minimum-curvature gridding, projection, wavelet and Fourier transforms, least-squares fitting and depth estimation.
Spatio-temporal Dynamics in Animal Communication: A Special Issue Arising from a Unique Workshop-Symposium Model
Authors: Hoke Kim L , Hensley Nicholai , Kanwal Jessleen K , Wasserman Sara , Morehouse Nathan I 
Published: June 2021

Synopsis
Investigating how animals navigate space and time is key to understanding communication. Small differences in spatial positioning or timing can mean the difference between a message received and a missed connection. However, these spatio-temporal dynamics are often overlooked or are subject to simplifying assumptions in investigations of animal signaling. This special issue addresses this significant knowledge gap by integrating work from researchers with disciplinary backgrounds in neuroscience, cognitive ecology, sensory ecology, computer science, evolutionary biology, animal behavior, and philosophy. This introduction to the special issue outlines the novel questions and approaches that will advance our understanding of spatio-temporal dynamics of animal communication. We highlight papers that consider the evolution of spatio-temporal dynamics of behavior across sensory modalities and social contexts. We summarize contributions that address the neural and physiological mechanisms in senders and receivers that shape communication. We then turn to papers that introduce cutting edge technologies that will revolutionize our ability to track spatio-temporal dynamics of individuals during social encounters. The interdisciplinary collaborations that gave rise to these papers emerged in part from a novel workshop-symposium model, which we briefly summarize for those interested in fostering syntheses across disciplines.
Engaging the Community in Pollinator Research: The Effect of Wing Pattern and Weather on Butterfly Behavior
Authors: Merrill Abbigail N , Hirzel Grace E , Murphy Matthew J , Imrie Roslyn G , Westerman Erica L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Community science, which engages students and the public in data collection and scientific inquiry, is often integrated into conservation and long-term monitoring efforts. However, it has the potential to also introduce the public to, and be useful for, sensory ecology and other fields of study. Here we describe a community science project that exposes participants to animal behavior and sensory ecology using the rich butterfly community of Northwest Arkansas, United States. Butterflies use visual signals to communicate and to attract mates. Brighter colors can produce stronger signals for mate attraction but can also unintentionally attract negative attention from predators. Environmental conditions such as weather can affect visual signaling as well, by influencing the wavelengths of light available and subsequent signal detection. However, we do not know whether the signals butterflies present correlate broadly with how they behave. In this study, we collaborated with hundreds of students and community members at the University of Arkansas (UARK) and the Botanical Gardens of the Ozarks (BGO) for over 3.5 years to examine relationships among wing pattern, weather, time of day, behavior, and flower choice. We found that both weather and wing color influenced general butterfly behavior. Butterflies were seen feeding more on cloudy days than on sunny or partly cloudy days. Brown butterflies fed or sat more often, while white butterflies flew more often relative to other butterfly colors. We also found that there was an interaction between the effects of weather and wing color on butterfly behavior. Furthermore, butterfly color predicted the choice of flower colors that butterflies visited, though this effect was influenced by the observer group (UARK student or BGO participant). These results suggest that flower choice may be associated with butterfly wing pattern, and that different environmental conditions may influence butterfly behavior in wing-pattern–specific ways. They also illustrate one way that public involvement in behavioral studies can facilitate the identification of coarse-scale, community-wide behavioral patterns, and lay the groundwork for future studies of sensory niches.
The EU vs US corporate R&D intensity gap: investigating key sectors and firms
Authors: Moncada-Paternò-Castello Pietro , Grassano Nicola 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a firm-level examination of the European Union (EU) vs US research and development (R&D) intensity differences based on four pictures taken during the time span 2005–2017. It contributes to the literature on the topic by inspecting for the first time which sectors and firms account the most for the aggregate R&D intensity performance of these two economies. Analyzing the top 1250 R&D investors worldwide in four different years, it finds that (i) only few companies within key (for their relative impact on the overall R&D intensity) high-tech sectors determine (positively and negatively) the bulk of the sector’s intensity, (ii) the EU holds a much lower number of both larger and smaller R&D investors than the United States in the key high-tech sectors, and (iii) there is a high heterogeneity in firms’ R&D intensity within such key sectors. These findings are crucial to better understand the aggregate transatlantic corporate R&D intensity gap.
The European Union’s demoicratic legislature
Authors: van den Brink Martijn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In important areas of EU law, the principal law-making institution is the Court of Justice of the European Union and not the EU legislature. This article criticizes the current allocation of power between both institutions and the different conceptions of political legitimacy that have been developed to justify it. The Court’s authority has been justified on the basis of output-oriented conceptions of political legitimacy that ground legitimacy in the kind of outcomes political institutions produce. This article argues that the different standards of output-legitimacy used are important but insufficient to legitimize EU institutions. Only input-oriented legitimacy can serve as a sufficiently strong form of legitimacy for the EU. More concretely, the article argues that the EU must be assessed by demoicratic standards of legitimacy. Unlike output-oriented theories of political legitimacy, which justify the transfer of authority from the EU legislature to the Court, a demoicratic conception of political legitimacy weighs in favor of legislative decision-making. This article explores whether it is possible to improve the political status of the EU legislature without Treaty amendment.
Integrated modeling and feasibility analysis of a rooftop photovoltaic systems for an academic building in Bangladesh
Authors: Podder Amit Kumer , Das Anik Kumar , Hossain Eklas , Kumar Nallapaneni Manoj , Roy Naruttam Kumar , Alhelou Hassan Haes , Karthick Alagar , Al-Hinai Amer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents integrated modeling and feasibility analysis of a rooftop photovoltaic system (RPS) for an academic building in Bangladesh. The average daily load is 353.63 kWh/day, and the peak load demand for the studied region is 90.85 kW. Four different configurations of 46 kW, 64 kW, 91 kW and 238 kW photovoltaic (PV) systems are designed and compared based on the financial, sensitivity and environmental benefit analysis to find out the most optimized one. The total net present cost, cost of energy, internal rate of return and payback period for the 91 kW (most optimized) system are found to be $146 317, $0.0385, 120.3% and 8.3 years, respectively. Seven sensitivity variables are utilized to investigate the system’s performance due to the variation of input variables, ensuring that the optimized system is less vulnerable than others. Besides, the proposed RPS (91 kW) for the selected region reduces the CO2 emanation by 90 010 kg/year and has a negligible shading effect compared to the amount of electricity generation from it.