bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System on the Basis of Cost and Effectiveness
Authors: Aydin Sonay , Gulmez Ali Osman , Memis Kemal Bugra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
We aim to evaluate thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) on the basis of cost and effectiveness through the numbers of fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) and sonographic examinations in a tertiary health-care institution.

Methods:
The 50-day intervals before and after the start of TIRADS use (October 10, 2022) were evaluated to carry out this assessment. The reason for choosing 50-day periods was because it covers the initial phase when the study is most optimally performed in our hospital. The number of thyroid ultrasound (US) and FNAB procedures carried out in our facility during that time was tallied. Exclusion standards were not applied.

Results:
One thousand nine hundred eighty-two people made up the study population. Fifty days before the October 10, 2022, there were 975 instances (49.2%), and 50 days after that, there were 1007 cases (50.8%). Out of 1982 cases, it was discovered that 190 (9.6%) underwent a biopsy, and 1792 (90.4%) underwent a US examination. It was found that the first period’s rate of biopsy examination was significantly higher than the second period’s rates of 11.1% and 8.1%, respectively. The rate of biopsy examination in males during the first period was found to be substantially higher than the second period. Individuals between the ages of 35 and 50 years had a rate of biopsy examination that was considerably higher in the first period than the second period.

Conclusion:
The TIRADS Risk Scale has the capacity to reduce unnecessary biopsies, hence mitigating potential psychological distress, burden, and financial expenses for the patient.
A Rare Case: Isolated Metastasis of Laryngeal Cancer to the Breast in a Male Patient
Authors: Arslan Aydan , Ağaçkaya Yusuf , Demirtaş Duygu , Niğdelioğlu Büsra , Akin İlker , Mavi Ayşe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Laryngeal cancer is one of the common cancer types, and distant organ metastasis is extremely rare. We present a 65-year-old male patient who received five cycles of cisplatin and radiotherapy after surgery for laryngeal cancer. In the positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination performed during the follow-up, we observed a newly developed mass with increased fluoro-D-glucose uptake in the right breast. A hypoechoic lesion with irregular borders of approximately 17 mm × 11 mm × 17 mm was observed in the retroareolar region of the right breast in ultrasound. Calcification was not observed in mammography. In the pathological evaluation after biopsy, it was seen that the neuroendocrine type of laryngeal cancer was compatible with breast metastasis. Although rare, metastases to the breast should be kept in mind in cases with a primary tumor.
Role of controlled radial expansion balloon bronchoplasty in benign subglottic and tracheal stenosis
Authors: Patra Jeetendra Kumar , Ray Chinmaya Sundar , Pattnaik Manoranjan , Behera Subrat Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Central airway obstruction can arise from both benign and malignant conditions, as well as from congenital or acquired causes. One common cause of acquired central airway obstruction is post-intubation subglottic and tracheal stenosis. Presentations can vary widely, from asymptomatic cases to symptoms such as difficulty clearing secretions and dyspnea on exertion due to airway narrowing. Critical tracheal or subglottic stenosis may present with stridor. Bronchoscopy is the primary diagnostic tool for assessing the type and severity of stenosis in the subglottic and tracheal regions. Controlled radial expansion (CRE) balloon bronchoplasty is a cost-effective procedure that can be performed either under sedation in a bronchoscopy suite or under general anesthesia in an operating room. This technique provides temporary relief and can be repeated, allowing time for more definitive or complex treatments.

Materials and Methods:
This case series study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat at SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India, from January 2018 to July 2021. Six patients with subglottic and tracheal stenosis confirmed via fiber-optic bronchoscopy, all of whom had previously undergone tracheostomy, were included. Balloon bronchoplasty was performed using rigid laryngoscopy under general anesthesia with a CRE balloon (Boston Scientific), an Alliance-II integrated inflation device, a guide wire, and an Alliance inflation syringe. A follow-up fiber-optic bronchoscopy was conducted 1 month later. If an optimal tracheal diameter of 8–10 mm was not achieved, the patient underwent an additional CRE balloon bronchoplasty session.

Results:
This case series evaluated six patients with subglottic or tracheal stenosis. CRE balloon bronchoplasty was completed in three patients, with no recurrence of stenosis. However, the remaining three patients did not achieve an optimal tracheal lumen with CRE balloon bronchoplasty and were referred for tracheal reconstruction surgery.

Discussion:
CRE balloon bronchoplasty is an effective treatment for restoring optimal tracheal lumen in simple benign subglottic or tracheal stenosis cases. Patients with more complex stenosis should be considered for earlier referral to tracheal reconstruction surgery.

Conclusion:
CRE balloon bronchoplasty is a safe, straightforward, efficient, and repeatable procedure for relieving central airway obstruction due to benign subglottic and tracheal stenosis. It can serve as either a standalone treatment or an adjunct to other therapies for managing benign subglottic and tracheal stenosis.
A study of sleep hygiene practices and quality of sleep in health professional students
Authors: Gawade Neha D. , Isaac David N. , Khadkikar Rita M. , Isaac Catherine D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Chronic sleep deprivation is a prevalent yet treatable condition among young adults and teenagers, often resulting from various sleep disorders that negatively affect overall wellbeing in this age group. Sleep quality refers to an individual’s overall satisfaction with different aspects of their sleep experience, while sleep hygiene encompasses easily modifiable pre-sleep behaviors that support healthy sleep patterns. This study aims to assess health professional students’ sleep quality and hygiene practices and evaluate the correlation between these two factors.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective, observational, and cross-sectional study involved 320 health professional students who completed a self-administered questionnaire. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality, while the sleep hygiene index (SHI) was used to evaluate sleep hygiene practices. Data were recorded in Excel and analyzed by a statistician.

Results:
Of the 320 participants, 74.4% (238 students) exhibited a moderate SHI, 13.4% (43 students) had a fair SHI, 11.6% (37 students) demonstrated excellent sleep hygiene, and 0.6% (2 students) showed poor sleep hygiene. Additionally, 63.8% (204 students) reported poor sleep quality, while 36.3% (116) experienced good sleep quality.

Conclusion:
Most health professional students followed moderate sleep hygiene practices and reported poor sleep quality. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between sleep hygiene and sleep quality, suggesting that improving sleep hygiene practices may lead to better sleep quality.
A rare case of a migrated foreign body found in and around the urinary bladder and urethra
Authors: Yelikar Aditya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Common causes of intravesical or intraurethral foreign bodies include iatrogenic injuries, self-insertion, sexual abuse, assault, and migration from adjacent sites. A 64-year-old man had been presented with a 1-year history of intermittent urinary dribbling, accompanied by painful urination (dysuria), occasional blood in the urine (hematuria), and lower urinary tract symptoms. Initially, we performed cystolithotripsy to free a guide wire encased in tissue. However, the wire remained lodged in the urinary bladder, prompting us to conduct a laparoscopic cystolithotomy for complete removal. It is possible that the guide wire either slipped into the femoral vein and was subsequently forgotten, later migrating to the urinary bladder, or that it was used to railroad a Foley catheter, which slipped into the bladder and was left behind. Foreign bodies in the urinary bladder are relatively common and should be considered when symptoms and test results are inconsistent. When endoscopic removal is not feasible, laparoscopic removal is an effective minimally invasive option.
Potential link between transfusion-transmitted infections and ABO and Rh blood group systems in healthy blood donors
Authors: Kataria Aneesha , Aden Durre , Khan Sabina , Mehraj Meesa , Alvi Yasir , Jetley Sujata 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Screening blood donations is essential to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Research indicates that ABO and Rh blood groups might influence infection transmission risks.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study examined data from 10,470 healthy blood donors over seven years (2016–2022) at a tertiary care hospital. Blood typing was performed for ABO and Rh groups, and all voluntary and replacement donors were screened for TTI markers—hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria, and syphilis—using third-generation ELISA kits, rapid tests, rapid plasma reagin (RPR), and venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL). Statistical analyzes were conducted using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0.

Results:
Among the 10,470 male donors screened, 173 were replacement donors, and 6 were voluntary donors. TTI positivity was identified in 1.79% of donors, with the following breakdown: 69.27% positive for hepatitis B, 15.6% for hepatitis C, 11.7% for HIV, and 5% for syphilis. The highest TTI prevalence was observed in the B blood group (43%), followed by O (30.16%), A (21.78%), and AB (6.7%). Overall, Rh-positive individuals were more susceptible, and a significant association was observed between Rh-negative donors and HBV infection.

Conclusion:
The B-positive blood group showed the highest seroprevalence for TTIs. However, no statistically significant association was found between TTI prevalence and ABO or Rh blood group systems.
Cost-effectiveness and economic analysis of antibiotics: a comprehensive study utilizing ICER and ACER metrics
Authors: Acharya Prajnashree , Karabasanawar Someshwar S. , Sattigeri Anurag R. , Pai Vasudev P. , Totar Laxmi B. , Nyamagoud Sanatkumar Bharamu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a valuable tool in healthcare used to evaluate the economic efficiency of antibiotic treatments by comparing their costs with clinical outcomes, such as cost per life saved or quality-adjusted life days (QALDs) gained. This approach aids in informed decision-making, highlights price variations, and identifies patient groups likely to benefit most from specific treatments. Antibiotics frequently assessed in CEA include penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and sulphonamides. While antibiotics have revolutionized healthcare, their efficacy is increasingly threatened by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to overuse and misuse.

Aims and Objectives:
The study aimed to evaluate the pharmacoeconomic impact of antibiotic treatments using CEA in a healthcare setting, focusing on identifying cost-effective antibiotics and promoting rational prescribing practices.

Materials and Methods:
A six-month observational study was conducted at Vivekananda General Hospital, Hubballi, Karnataka, involving 212 inpatients from general medicine wards. The study, approved by an ethics committee, utilized medical record analysis to assess the pharmacoeconomic impact of antibiotics through CEA. Key metrics included the average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results:
Ciprofloxacin emerged as the most cost-effective intravenous antibiotic (ACER: 6.62 INR/QALD), while meropenem was the least cost-effective (ACER: 179.66 INR/QALD). Among oral antibiotics, doxycycline demonstrated the highest cost-effectiveness (ACER: 1.86 INR/QALD), whereas rifaximin was the least cost-effective (ACER: 13.18 INR/QALD). ICER analysis further highlighted azithromycin (0.56 INR/QALD) and amikacin (26.42 INR/QALD) as cost-effective choices.

Conclusion:
This study emphasizes the utility of CEA in optimizing antibiotic utilization, promoting rational prescribing practices, and supporting antimicrobial stewardship initiatives to safeguard antibiotic effectiveness in the face of rising AMR.
Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of wound infections in burns ward of a tertiary care hospital: a retro-prospective study
Authors: Gaonkar Anvesh Anand , Pereira Ian Antao , Amborcar Yuri Dias 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Nosocomial infections pose a significant risk to burn patients, contributing to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, particularly in developing countries, present a major public health concern. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the microorganisms present in burn wounds to guide effective treatment strategies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of bacteria isolated from burn wounds and to evaluate their antimicrobial sensitivity profiles.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective observational study collected data from January to July 2022 and from January to July 2023. Lab reports of all swabs collected from burn wounds for microbial identification and antibiotic sensitivity profile were noted down. The data were analyzed manually using MS Excel and presented as frequencies and graphs.

Results:
Of the 152 wound samples, 82% showed bacterial growth, whereas 18% showed no growth. The most frequently isolated organism was Pseudomonas (40%), followed by Staphylococcus (20%), Acinetobacter (17.6%), Klebsiella (16.8%), Enterobacter (3.2%), Citrobacter (1.6%), and Chryseobacterium (0.8%). Colistin, polymyxin B, vancomycin, and linezolid were the most effective antibiotics.

Conclusion:
The predominant bacterial isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. For treatment, colistin or levofloxacin may be used against Pseudomonas, vancomycin or rifampicin against Staphylococcus, colistin or tigecycline against Acinetobacter, and cefoperazone–sulbactam or linezolid against Klebsiella as reserved antibiotic options.
Harnessing nanotechnology for enhanced epilepsy management
Authors: Manasa V. , Ruby J. Joysa , Gogoi Himadri Priya , Vignesh S. , Anjaneya P. H. , Akhil  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Epilepsy, a condition characterized by unprovoked, recurrent seizures, currently has no cure, with treatments ranging from medications to treatment modalities such as antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and vagus nerve stimulation, as well as ketogenic diet and surgical procedures. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have introduced groundbreaking approaches to epilepsy treatment, including targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions. Nanocarrier systems—such as nanoparticles, micelles, and liposomes—enhance drug specificity for brain delivery, improving the therapeutic efficacy and reducing off-target toxicity. New developments in nanocarrier systems for AEDs, including phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and valproate, demonstrate increased brain penetration, solubility, and controlled drug release, offering promising benefits in epilepsy management. Nanotechnology also advances diagnostic capabilities with nano-sensitive devices such as enhanced electroencephalography and biomarker technologies, enabling more personalized monitoring and treatment. Prospects include nanodroplet drug delivery, neural repair with nanomaterials, and highly individualized epilepsy therapies. These innovations could significantly improve traditional treatments, patient outcomes, and quality of life, underscoring the importance of collaboration among healthcare providers, scientists, and technologists to maximize their potential. Efforts have been made to present epilepsy and its management graphically.
Deciphering the clinical profile and diagnostic framework of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a tertiary care setting
Authors: Priyadarshini Lipsa , Mohapatro Meenakshi , Biswal Priyadarshini , Patro Silla Alisha , Rout Devidutta Ramani Ranjan , Roul Simadri Swetapadma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory disorder marked by intense yet ineffective immune activation, resulting in hemophagocytosis, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ dysfunction. The diagnosis has traditionally depended on the 2004 HLH criteria, while the HScore, introduced in 2014, presents an alternative diagnostic approach.

Materials and Methods:
A 2-year study was conducted on patients referred to the hematology division for bone marrow evaluation. Patients with fever, cytopenia, and organomegaly underwent comprehensive biochemical and hematological assessments, including bone marrow aspiration. HLH diagnosis was established using both the HScore and the 2004 HLH criteria.

Results:
Among 48 patients with fever, organomegaly, and cytopenia, 16 (33%) met the HLH diagnostic threshold with an HScore above 169, and 12 cases (75%) showed evidence of hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. Based on the 2004 HLH criteria, 11 cases (29%) met the diagnostic requirements, achieving scores above five out of eight parameters.

Conclusion:
A timely and accurate diagnosis of HLH is crucial, as delays can lead to worse outcomes. Employing the 2004 criteria and the HScore is an effective diagnostic strategy, with the HScore showing higher accuracy.
On the gluing of germs of complex analytic spaces, Betti numbers, and their structure
Authors: Freitas Thiago Henrique , Lima Johnny Albert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce new classes of gluing of complex analytic space germs, called weakly large, large, and strongly large. We describe their Poincaré series and, as applications, we give numerical criteria to determine when these classes of gluing of germs of complex analytic spaces are smooth, singular, complete intersections and Gorenstein, in terms of their Betti numbers. In particular, we show that the gluing of the same germ of complex analytic space along any subspace is always a singular germ.
Exploring preceptor perceptions of interprofessional education during pharmacy professional practice internships in Indonesia
Authors: Zazuli Zulfan , Padmasawitri Tjokorde Istri Armina , Wikaningtyas Pratiwi , Nugraha Yuda Prasetya , Hartati Rika , Satrialdi  , Julianti Elin 
Published: December 2024

Background: Integrating Interprofessional Education (IPE) into Pharmacy Professional Practice Internships (PPPI) in Indonesia is essential for fostering effective collaboration among healthcare professionals. This study investigates preceptors' perceptions about the integration and impact of IPE in PPPI, aiming to uncover the challenges and potential enhancements needed for effective implementation.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among preceptors from various West Java and Jakarta healthcare settings. A total of 61 institutions were invited, resulting in 60 usable responses. Respondents completed a questionnaire evaluating their perceptions across several domains related to IPE. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and correlation analysis using Spearman’s test.
Results: The survey revealed that preceptors generally recognise the urgency of integrating IPE into PPPI, with positive attitudes towards its importance and effectiveness shown in >80% of respondents. However, IPE participation and potential integration into the current PPPI structure were more likely to be perceived negatively (approximately 30% and 15%, respectively). Statistical analysis indicated a moderate correlation between preceptor experience and higher perception scores on participation in IPE (r = 0.325; p < 0.05).
Conclusion: While preceptors acknowledge the value of IPE in enhancing interprofessional collaboration, there are evident challenges in its practical implementation during internships. This study highlights the need for increased support from educational institutions to improve IPE integration and effectiveness in Indonesia’s pharmacy education.
Assessment on 2’-Fucosyllactose (2’-FL) Derived From Genetically Modified Corynebacterium Glutamicum APC199 as a Novel Food for Use in Food and Food Supplements (RP2119)
Authors:   Food Standards Agency,   Food Standards Scotland
Published: December 2024

Advanced Protein Technologies Corp. (“the applicant”) submitted a novel food application for the authorisation of 2’-Fucosyllactose (2’-FL) as a novel food to each nation of Great Britain in August 2023. The novel food is intended to be used as a source of human identical milk oligosaccharide, 2’-FL, and is manufactured by microbial fermentation using a genetically modified strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum APC199. This new application is seeking to use the novel food produced by a new production organism within food, infant and follow-on formula, and food supplements. This novel food had its application for authorisation assessed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) which was published in December 2022. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) have reviewed the information available, including the EFSA opinion, and confirmed that 2’-FL was safe under the proposed conditions of use. The anticipated intake levels and proposed use in food and food supplements was not considered to be nutritionally disadvantageous. This safety assessment represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS.