bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaching for veterinary pharmacy services: an overlooked routine by community pharmacists?
Authors: Dias Rita , Lourenço Ana Mafalda , São Braz Berta , Cavaco Afonso 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Community pharmacists claim veterinary pharmacy as an integral part of their duties. There a paucity of studies investigating medication and health products’ dispensation for veterinary purposes. This study aimed to probe the Portuguese community pharmacists’ knowledge and behaviour towards veterinary pharmacy practice.

Methods
A cross-sectional exploratory survey, using an online questionnaire, was sent to a sample of academic-related community pharmacists in greater Lisbon, Portugal (N = 349). The questionnaire addressed participants’ specific education and training, counselling of products, and attitudes towards veterinary prescriptions. Logistic regression was used to estimated participants’ propensity for changing veterinary prescriptions independently. Everyday case scenarios were used to ascertain veterinary pharmacotherapy knowledge.

Key Findings
Participation reached 57.6% (N = 201), pointing to the theme’s relevance, with 83.6% females and a mean age of 36 years (SD =10.1). A large proportion (71.6%) declared to have received veterinary pharmacy education, although virtually all pharmacists (99.0%) perceived a skills deficit. The overall level of correct decisions regarding case scenarios reached 54%, although most professionals counsel pets’ treatments (85.6%). 18% of the sample declared to have changed a prescription without contacting the veterinarian. The propensity to independent medication changes was associated with being a male pharmacist, having one to two decades of professional experience, and working in community pharmacies with a permanent supply of prescribed veterinary pharmaceuticals.

Conclusions
Although recognizing limitations in veterinary pharmacy competencies, not all community pharmacists decide to minimize potential hazards to animals’ health as with human health. Present findings reinforce the urgency of further formal education and interprofessional collaboration.
A rare case of intussusception through a prolapsed end colostomy
Authors: Temperley Hugo , Waters Caitlin , Murray Cian , Donlon Noel E , Donohoe Claire L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Intussusception through a prolapsed end colostomy is amongst the rarest of stoma complications. In this case report, we discuss the therapeutic approach to this complication and provide an update of the existing literature. A 66-year-old male presented with a prolapsed colostomy that was ischaemic in appearance. Intraoperatively, a small bowel intussusception within the prolapsed colon was identified. A subtotal colectomy was subsequently performed to prevent further volvulus formation. When patients present with a prolapsing oedematous enterostomy that cannot be reduced, careful clinical examination is required. If there is vascular compromise, exploratory laparotomy is mandatory.
Estimation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration Using Machine Learning
Authors: Çubukçu Hikmet Can , Topcu Deniz İlhan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) can be estimated using the Friedewald and Martin-Hopkins formulas. We developed LDL-C prediction models using multiple machine learning methods and investigated the validity of the new models along with the former formulas.

Methods
Laboratory data (n = 59,415) on measured LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol were partitioned into training and test data sets. Linear regression, gradient-boosted trees, and artificial neural network (ANN) models were formed based on the training data. Paired-group comparisons were performed using a t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. We considered P values &lt;.001 with an effect size &gt;.2 to be statistically significant.

Results
For TG ≥177 mg/dL, the Friedewald formula underestimated and the Martin-Hopkins formula overestimated the LDL-C (P &lt;.001), which was more significant for LDL-C &lt;70 mg/dL. The linear regression, gradient-boosted trees, and ANN models outperformed the aforementioned formulas for TG ≥177 mg/dL and LDL-C &lt;70 mg/dL based on a comparison with a homogeneous assay (P &gt;.001 vs. P &lt;.001) and classification accuracy.

Conclusion
Linear regression, gradient-boosted trees, and ANN models offer more accurate alternatives to the aforementioned formulas, especially for TG 177 to 399 mg/dL and LDL-C &lt;70 mg/dL.
DETECTIFz galaxy groups in the REFINE survey – I. Group detection and quenched fraction evolution at z &lt; 2.5
Authors: Sarron Florian , Conselice Chrisopher J 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We use a large K-selected sample of 299 961 galaxies from the REFINE survey, consisting of a combination of data from three of the deepest near-infrared surveys, UKIDSS UDS, COSMOS/UltraVISTA, and CFHTLS-D1/VIDEO, that were homogeneously reduced to obtain photometric redshifts and stellar masses. We detect 2588 candidate galaxy groups up to z = 3.15 at S/N &gt; 1.5. We build a very pure ($\gt 90{{\rm \,per\ cent}}$) sample of 448 candidate groups up to z = 2.5 and study some of their properties. Cluster detection is done using the DElaunay TEssellation ClusTer IdentiFication with photo-z (detectifz) algorithm that we describe. This new group finder algorithm uses the joint probability distribution functions of redshift and stellar-mass of galaxies to detect groups as stellar-mass overdensities in overlapping redshift slices, where density is traced using Monte Carlo realization of the Delaunay Tessellation Field Estimator. We compute the algorithm selection function using mock galaxy catalogues taken from cosmological N-body simulation lightcones. Based on these simulations, we reach a completeness of $\sim \! 80{{\,\rm per\ cent}}$ for clusters (M200 &gt; 1014M⊙) at a purity of $\sim \! 90{{\, \rm per\ cent}}$ at z &lt; 2.5. Using our 403 most massive candidate groups, we constrain the redshift evolution of the group galaxy quenched fraction at 0.12 ≤ z &lt; 2.32, for galaxies with 10.25 &lt; log M⋆/M⊙ &lt; 11 in 0.5 × R200. We find that the quenched fraction in group cores is higher than in the field in the full redshift range considered, the difference growing with decreasing redshift. This indicates either more efficient quenching mechanisms in group cores at lower redshift or pre-processing by cosmic filaments.
How does thermal scattering shape the infrared spectra of cloudy exoplanets? A theoretical framework and consequences for atmospheric retrievals in the JWST era
Authors: Taylor Jake , Parmentier Vivien , Line Michael R , Lee Elspeth K H , Irwin Patrick G J , Aigrain Suzanne 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Observational studies of exoplanets are suggestive of a ubiquitous presence of clouds. The current modelling techniques used in emission to account for the clouds tend to require prior knowledge of the cloud condensing species and often do not consider the scattering effects of the cloud. We explore the effects that thermal scattering has on the emission spectra by modelling a suite of hot Jupiter atmospheres with varying cloud single-scattering albedos (SSAs) and temperature profiles. We examine cases ranging from simple isothermal conditions to more complex structures and physically driven cloud modelling. We show that scattering from nightside clouds would lead to brightness temperatures that are cooler than the real atmospheric temperature if scattering is unaccounted for. We show that scattering can produce spectral signatures in the emission spectrum even for isothermal atmospheres. We identify the retrieval degeneracies and biases that arise in the context of simulated JWST spectra when the scattering from the clouds dominates the spectral shape. Finally, we propose a novel method of fitting the SSA spectrum of the cloud in emission retrievals, using a technique that does not require any prior knowledge of the cloud chemical or physical properties.
Using ground-based measurements to recover the spectra of radiation escaping from distant light-pollution sources
Authors: Kocifaj M , Kundracik F , Duriscoe D M , Balm S P , Wallner S 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
A professional dark sky assessment normally requires the numerical modelling of light propagation from ground-based sources into the atmosphere. The spectral power distribution (SPD) of light escaping from an artificial source is one of the key parameters needed in predicting models to simulate the optical signatures of the night sky as a function of distance. SPD at zero distance is due to a non-trivial superposition of light beams, but does not necessarily coincide with the weighted SPD of individual lights. This is because most photons can be removed by obstacles or can interact with many surfaces before being directed into the atmosphere. We have developed an experimental and theoretical method for obtaining the initial SPD from ground-based spectroscopy of the night sky. The method is applicable to distant sources of light and is demonstrated in field measurements conducted on the light dome of Chicago with a new sky glow spectrometer. We show that the method requires analysing the relative impact of local light sources scattered around the measuring site on the radiance of the light dome. Our theoretical method along with ground-based spectroscopy represents a new approach to characterizing light-pollution sources which are otherwise difficult to study due to lack of information on either light-source inventory or a heterogeneous 3D structure of light-emitting and blocking environments.
Natural Selection Shapes Maintenance of Orthologous sRNAs in Divergent Host-Restricted Bacterial Genomes
Authors: Thairu Margaret W , Meduri Venkata Rama Sravani , Degnan Patrick H , Hansen Allison K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Historically it has been difficult to study the evolution of bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) across distantly related species. For example, identifying homologs of sRNAs is often difficult in genomes that have undergone multiple structural rearrangements. Also, some types of regulatory sRNAs evolve at rapid rates. The high degree of genomic synteny among divergent host-restricted bacterial lineages, including intracellular symbionts, is conducive to sRNA maintenance and homolog identification. In turn, symbiont genomes can provide us with novel insights into sRNA evolution. Here, we examine the sRNA expression profile of the obligate symbiont of psyllids, Carsonella ruddii, which has one of the smallest cellular genomes described. Using RNA-seq, we identified 36 and 32 antisense sRNAs (asRNAs) expressed by Carsonella from the psyllids Bactericera cockerelli (Carsonella-BC) and Diaphorina citri (Carsonella-DC), respectively. The majority of these asRNAs were associated with genes that are involved in essential amino acid biosynthetic pathways. Eleven of the asRNAs were conserved in both Carsonella lineages and the majority were maintained by selection. Notably, five of the corresponding coding sequences are also the targets of conserved asRNAs in a distantly related insect symbiont, Buchnera. We detected differential expression of two asRNAs for genes involved in arginine and leucine biosynthesis occurring between two distinct Carsonella-BC life stages. Using asRNAs identified in Carsonella, Buchnera, and Profftella which are all endosymbionts, and Escherichia coli, we determined that regions upstream of these asRNAs encode unique conserved patterns of AT/GC richness, GC skew, and sequence motifs which may be involved in asRNA regulation.
Constitutive Instrumentalism and the Fragility of Responsibility
Authors: Vargas Manuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConstitutive instrumentalism is the view that responsibility practices arise from and are justified by our being prosocial creatures who need responsibility practices to secure specific kinds of social goods. In particular, responsibility practices shape agency in ways that disposes adherence to norms that enable goods of shared cooperative life. The mechanics of everyday responsibility practices operate, in part, via costly signaling about the suitability of agents for coordination and cooperation under conditions of shared cooperative life. So, there are a range of identifiable conditions where the ordinary operation of responsibility practices—and thus, the usual normative force of the practices—is disrupted. Even so, these conditions are not so widespread as to favor a more thoroughgoing abandonment of responsibility practices.
Wimpy Retributivism and the Promise of Moral Influence Theorists
Authors: McKenna Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWimpy retributivism finds reasons to refrain from giving the blameworthy and culpable what they deserve, even if it comes to very little. These reasons have to do with the moral hazards of being mistaken about when harsh treatment is justified. A moral influence theory can help supplement retributivist reasons with further consequentialist considerations and thereby keep these skeptical worries in check.
Local states of chromatin compaction at transcription start sites control transcription levels
Authors: Ishihara Satoru , Sasagawa Yohei , Kameda Takeru , Yamashita Hayato , Umeda Mana , Kotomura Naoe , Abe Masayuki , Shimono Yohei , Nikaido Itoshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The ‘open’ and ‘compact’ regions of chromatin are considered to be regions of active and silent transcription, respectively. However, individual genes produce transcripts at different levels, suggesting that transcription output does not depend on the simple open-compact conversion of chromatin, but on structural variations in chromatin itself, which so far have remained elusive. In this study, weakly crosslinked chromatin was subjected to sedimentation velocity centrifugation, which fractionated the chromatin according to its degree of compaction. Open chromatin remained in upper fractions, while compact chromatin sedimented to lower fractions depending on the level of nucleosome assembly. Although nucleosomes were evenly detected in all fractions, histone H1 was more highly enriched in the lower fractions. H1 was found to self-associate and crosslinked to histone H3, suggesting that H1 bound to H3 interacts with another H1 in an adjacent nucleosome to form compact chromatin. Genome-wide analyses revealed that nearly the entire genome consists of compact chromatin without differences in compaction between repeat and non-repeat sequences; however, active transcription start sites (TSSs) were rarely found in compact chromatin. Considering the inverse correlation between chromatin compaction and RNA polymerase binding at TSSs, it appears that local states of chromatin compaction determine transcription levels.
Newly established patient-derived organoid model of intracranial meningioma
Authors: Yamazaki Shintaro , Ohka Fumiharu , Hirano Masaki , Shiraki Yukihiro , Motomura Kazuya , Tanahashi Kuniaki , Tsujiuchi Takashi , Motomura Ayako , Aoki Kosuke , Shinjo Keiko , Murofushi Yoshiteru , Kitano Yotaro , Maeda Sachi , Kato Akira , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Junya , Adilijiang Alimu , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Saito Ryuta , Enomoto Atsushi , Kondo Yutaka , Natsume Atsushi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Recent comprehensive studies have revealed several molecular alterations that are frequently found in meningiomas. However, effective treatment reagents targeting specific molecular alterations have not yet been identified because of the limited number of representative research models of meningiomas.

Methods
We performed organoid cultures using meningioma cells and meningioma tumor tissues. Using immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses consisting of whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, and DNA methylation analyses, we compared the histological findings and molecular profiling of organoid models with those of parental tumors. Further, using these organoid models together with a public database of meningiomas, we explored molecular alterations, which are a potent treatment target for meningioma.

Results
We established 18 organoid models comprising of two malignant meningioma cells (HKBMM and IOMM-Lee), 10 benign meningiomas, four malignant meningiomas, and two solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs). The organoids exhibited consistent histological features and molecular profiles with those of the parental tumors. Using a public database, we identified that upregulated forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was correlated with increased tumor proliferation. Overexpression of FOXM1 in benign meningioma organoids increased organoid proliferation; depletion of FOXM1 in malignant organoids decreased proliferation. Additionally, thiostrepton, a FOXM1 inhibitor combined with radiation therapy, significantly inhibited the proliferation of malignant meningioma organoid models.

Conclusions
An organoid model for meningioma enabled us to elucidate the tumor biology of meningioma along with potent treatment targets for meningioma.
Tuning 2D magnetism in Fe3+XGeTe2 films by element doping
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Li Zihan , Yang Ke , Zhang Enze , Narayan Awadhesh , Zhang Xiaoqian , Zhu Jiayi , Liu Wenqing , Liao Zhiming , Kudo Masaki , Toriyama Takaaki , Yang Yunkun , Li Qiang , Ai Linfeng , Huang Ce , Sun Jiabao , Guo Xiaojiao , Bao Wenzhong , Deng Qingsong , Chen Yanhui , Yin Lifeng , Shen Jian , Han Xiaodong , Matsumura Syo , Zou Jin , Xu Yongbing , Xu Xiaodong , Wu Hua , Xiu Faxian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials have been discovered with tunable magnetism and orbital-driven nodal-line features. Controlling the 2D magnetism in exfoliated nanoflakes via electric/magnetic fields enables a boosted Curie temperature (TC) or phase transitions. One of the challenges, however, is the realization of high TC 2D magnets that are tunable, robust and suitable for large scale fabrication. Here, we report molecular-beam epitaxy growth of wafer-scale Fe3+XGeTe2 films with TC above room temperature. By controlling the Fe composition in Fe3+XGeTe2, a continuously modulated TC in a broad range of 185–320 K has been achieved. This widely tunable TC is attributed to the doped interlayer Fe that provides a 40% enhancement around the optimal composition X = 2. We further fabricated magnetic tunneling junction device arrays that exhibit clear tunneling signals. Our results show an effective and reliable approach, i.e. element doping, to producing robust and tunable ferromagnetism beyond room temperature in a large-scale 2D Fe3+XGeTe2 fashion.
How are health, nutrition, and physical activity discussed in international guidelines and standards for children in care? A narrative review
Authors: Green Rachael , Bergmeier Heidi , Chung Alexandra , Skouteris Helen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Children in care (CiC) have often experienced trauma and, as a result, are at high risk for poor health outcomes. It is imperative that human-service stakeholders provide trauma-informed health services and interventions. However, little is known about how health promotion is addressed in the standards and guidelines for CiC. For this scoping review, the aim was to examine and compare how nutrition and physical activity are discussed in: 1) federal standards for CiC across the United Kingdom, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia; and 2) state and territory guidance in Australia.

Method
The grey literature was searched for documents outlining key child-welfare standards, guidelines, or policies for the provision of care across foster, kinship, or residential care. Documents were examined for the inclusion of recommendations and/or strategies focused on primary health and the promotion of nutrition and/or physical activity.

Results
A total of 52 documents were included in this review: 28 outlining international federal guidance and 24 Australian documents. In the United States, New Zealand, and Australia, references to physical activity were often broad, with minimal direction, and nutrition was often neglected; the United Kingdom provided more detailed guidance to promote nutrition and physical activity among CiC.

Conclusion
There is a lack of consistency and specificity in guidelines supporting healthy lifestyle interventions for CiC both internationally and within Australia. It is recommended that 1) specific trauma-informed health promotion guidelines are developed for CiC; and 2) trauma-informed health promotion training is provided to carers. Doing so will ensure that care is provided in a manner in which stakeholders recognize the signs and consequences of trauma in order to determine the most appropriate health interventions to improve outcomes and prevent ongoing trauma for this population.
Conflict and the nature of precautionary wealth
Authors: Sinha Rishabh , Aghabarari Leila , Rostom Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article examines the accumulation of precautionary wealth in Afghanistan using detailed data from a large household survey. A percent increase in income variance is associated with a 0.22 and 0.84% increase in broad and narrow wealth, respectively. This precautionary response is most pronounced at the extremes of wealth distribution. Wealthy households rely exclusively on livestock, while less affluent use jewelry for self-insurance. Conflict amplifies the precautionary motive, with households in high-conflict provinces reporting higher wealth at the same level of uncertainty. An increase in conflict intensity is also associated with an expansion of livestock weight in the asset portfolio.
Suboptimal Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccines in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: A Need for Vigilance in the Postmasking Era
Authors: Agha Mounzer E , Blake Maggie , Chilleo Charles , Wells Alan , Haidar Ghady 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We measured severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G responses in 67 patients with hematological malignancies after 2 messenger RNA vaccine doses. Forty-six percent were nonresponders; patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia were at highest risk (77% nonresponders). Patients with hematological malignancies should continue wearing masks and socially distancing. Studies of revaccination, boosters, and humoral immune correlates of protection are needed.
B-box protein BBX32 integrates light and brassinosteroid signals to inhibit cotyledon opening
Authors: Ravindran Nevedha , Ramachandran Harshil , Job Nikhil , Yadav Arpita , Vaishak K.P. , Datta Sourav 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cotyledon opening is a key morphological change that occurs in seedlings during de-etiolation. Brassinosteroids (BRs) inhibit the opening of cotyledons in darkness while light promotes cotyledon opening. The molecular regulation of the interplay between light and BR to regulate cotyledon opening is not well understood. Here, we show the B-box protein BBX32 negatively regulates light signaling and promotes BR signaling to inhibit cotyledon opening in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). BBX32 is highly expressed in the cotyledons of seedlings during de-etiolation. bbx32 and 35S:BBX32 seedlings exhibit enhanced and reduced cotyledon opening, respectively, in response to both light and brassinazole treatment in dark, suggesting that BBX32 mediates cotyledon opening through both light and BR signaling pathways. BBX32 expression is induced by exogenous BR and is upregulated in bzr1-1D (BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1-1D). Our in vitro and in vivo interaction studies suggest that BBX32 physically interacts with BZR1. Further, we found that PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3) interacts with BBX32 and promotes BR-mediated cotyledon closure. BBX32, BZR1, and PIF3 regulate the expression of common target genes that modulate the opening and closing of cotyledons. Our work suggests BBX32 integrates light and BR signals to regulate cotyledon opening during de-etiolation.