bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodic Fast Radio Bursts from Luminous X-ray Binaries
Authors: Sridhar Navin , Metzger Brian D. , Beniamini Paz , Margalit Ben , Renzo Mathieu , Sironi Lorenzo , Kovlakas Konstantinos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The discovery of periodicity in the arrival times of the fast radio bursts (FRBs) poses a challenge to the oft-studied magnetar scenarios. However, models that postulate that FRBs result from magnetized shocks or magnetic reconnection in a relativistic outflow are not specific to magnetar engines; instead, they require only the impulsive injection of relativistic energy into a dense magnetized medium. Motivated thus, we outline a new scenario in which FRBs are powered by short-lived relativistic outflows (“flares”) from accreting black holes or neutron stars, which propagate into the cavity of the pre-existing (“quiescent”) jet. In order to reproduce FRB luminosities and rates, we are driven to consider binaries of stellar-mass compact objects undergoing super-Eddington mass transfer, similar to ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) sources. Indeed, the host galaxies of FRBs, and their spatial offsets within their hosts, show broad similarities with ULXs. Periodicity on timescales of days to years could be attributed to precession (e.g., Lens-Thirring) of the polar accretion funnel, along which the FRB emission is geometrically and relativistically beamed, which sweeps across the observer line of sight. Accounting for the most luminous FRBs via accretion power may require a population of binaries undergoing brief-lived phases of unstable (dynamical-timescale) mass transfer. This will lead to secular evolution in the properties of some repeating FRBs on timescales of months to years, followed by a transient optical/IR counterpart akin to a luminous red nova, or a more luminous accretion-powered optical/X-ray transient. We encourage targeted FRB searches of known ULX sources.
La législation d’un métier illicite : les premiers statuts des ménestrels parisiens (1321-1407)
Authors: Pocard Pierre 
Published: August 2021

Jusqu’au xiii e siècle, clercs et juristes affirment généralement que l’activité musicale ne peut en rien être un métier et excluent au moins théoriquement les jongleurs et les ménestrels qui la pratiquent de la société chrétienne. Au début du xiv e siècle cependant, une corporation de musiciens est créée à Paris et des statuts viennent définir des règles professionnelles. La rédaction de ces statuts marque un pas décisif dans l’intégration des musiciens dans la société urbaine médiévale et dans la construction d’un métier du divertissement musical, qui prend le nom de ménestrandise. Ce processus s’articule avec la création d’un marché du travail musical, dont les ménestrels incorporés contrôlent l’offre grâce aux statuts.
A incorporação da pandemia na retórica da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus
Authors: Miletta Martins Erik Fernando 
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo, nosso objetivo é averiguar como a pandemia da Covid-19 impacta a retórica da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus. Nossa hipótese é de que os impactos sociais da crise redimensionam sobremaneira a projeção do pathos, isto é, a leitura do orador sobre valores e interesses do público-alvo dessa igreja. Nosso referencial teórico assenta-se sobre os estudos sociocognitivos do texto, nos quais a referência, isto é, a forma como damos a conhecer o mundo através da linguagem, é noção central e organizadora do campo epistemológico. Assim, e considerando a metáfora como elemento essencial à retórica religiosa, perseguimos nosso objetivo examinando como o líder fundador dessa igreja conceptualiza via metáfora referências sobre a pandemia, incorporando-a à retórica. Para esse percurso, selecionamos três registros audiovisuais, espaçados por aproximadamente trinta dias desde a declaração de pandemia de Covid-19 pela OMS, e levantamos processos referenciais metafóricos tematicamente pertinentes. Em nossa análise aplicamos uma noção dinâmica de contexto para observar como eventos sociais, políticos e culturais relevantes à vida da igreja são incorporados aos processos referenciais emergentes. Em nossas conclusões, apontamos como os dados confirmam nossa hipótese e, também, exploramos os sentidos da reação da Igreja Universal à pandemia no espectro da racionalidade neoliberal.
Palavras-chave: Metáfora; Contexto; Covid-19.
Applications of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Offshore Oil & Gas: The Journey to Building a Low-Emissions Drilling Rig
Authors: Settemsdal Stig 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses applications for lithium-ion batteries in an offshore oil and gas environment and describes how battery packs/energy storage can be applied in hybrid, diesel-electric power plants to create low-emissions drilling rigs.
The incorporation of energy storage, particularly in direct current (DC) based power plants, can provide a wide range of benefits for operators, allowing them to reduce the runtime of onboard diesel engines and optimize combustion efficiency, thereby maximizing fuel utilization and reducing emissions. Batteries can also be used to create new redundancy schemes, as well as for peak shaving and blackout prevention.
The West Mira semisubmersible installation in the North Sea was the world's first modern drilling rig to operate a low-emission hybrid (diesel-electric) power plant with lithium-ion batteries connected to the main power grid. The paper describes the energy storage solution that was implemented on the facility and discusses how considerations for safety and reliability were addressed.
Reimagine LNG – An Overview of the LNG Market Potentially Leading to a Future AFLOAT
Authors: Subramanian Aparna 
Published: August 2021

Objective / Scope
LNG has proven its worth, to meet energy demands throughout the globe at scale, whilst providing the cleanest fossil fuel. To complement the emerging trend of energy transition all over the globe, LNG provides a robust solution for a potential future.
This paper will describe the current state and outlook of the LNG market, rethinking of LNG contracts and the major drivers that could favor a Floating LNG facility as a market driver compared to land-based facilities.

Methods, Procedures, Process
With recent events which include the oil price slump, LNG supply glut and the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic, the imbalance in the LNG market is predicted to run with low market price that could last up to four more years.
On one hand, low market price is putting a lot of pressure on suppliers but on the flip side, this can be a game changer for the consumers. Consumers can potentially exploit buyers' market by making the investments much stronger to strive towards a clean future.
Conventionally LNG producers have been land-based until facilities like Golar LNG made historical success. The focus of the Floating LNG industry is now directed towards small and mid-scale production.
With a constant demand from stakeholders to get facilities up and running in a short development schedule, Floating LNG can provide some compelling benefits when combined with the concept of an economic time chartering investment rather than a CAPEX investment. This leads to a shortened execution time from discovery to market and avoids the extensive and time-consuming permitting and land use issues that are typical of onshore projects.
The main drivers / challenges for a Floating LNG Facility investment are
· Location, associated country regulatory restrictions · Source of gas · Market demand · Technology based on capacity · Project financing
Floating LNG can not only provide economic benefits for first use but could also provide a commercial route to easy re-deployment to new gas sources, wherever necessary and possible.
The paper will include:
· Reflection on the LNG market of the recent past · Impact of COVID 19 on LNG market globally and the projected trends by various analysts · Overview of LNG contract types · Technical and commercial Drivers of Floating LNG which will potentially influence the market

Results, Observations, Conclusions
The take-away from this paper is a deeper understanding of the following:
· Current LNG market and outlook · Reimagine LNG Contracts · Re-explore Floating LNG drivers

Novel / Additive Information
While the COVID 19 has created one of the reasons for the major impact on the market, this paper will present more interesting facts on many other contributing reasons for the present market downturn.
This will in turn give an in-depth understanding for reimagining the major three drivers of Floating LNG, potentially leading to a WIN-WIN solution. This will help to sustain a constant cash flow amongst both sellers and buyers.
Towards Remote Inspections of FPSO's Using Drones Instrumented with Computer Vision and Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Stensrud Erik , Torstensen Are , Lillestøl Dag-Børre , Klausen Kristian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Class Society DNV has performed production surveys in enclosed spaces using drones since 2016, demonstrating cost savings and increased personnel safety. The goal is to develop autonomous inspection drones to reduce the need to enter tanks and enable remote inspection. The vision is a drone that can fly by itself, track where it is, and spot rust and cracks, and measure steel thickness. We expect that drone-assisted remote inspection will reduce survey costs for the clients and be a major safety improvement for surveyors. Several drone capabilities are required to enable visual close-up inspection and non-destructive testing in enclosed, GPS-denied, and poorly lit environments. In this study, we report the most recent status from an ongoing research project, including several industry partners. We highlight technical challenges and preliminary results on drone navigation functionalities, computer vision for detection of cracks, and the use of hyperspectral imaging to detect and classify the chemical composition of coatings, rust, and other use cases.
Are You in the Green? The Economic Impact of Carbon-Conscious Choices on Project Development Planning
Authors: Choe David Sung , Whitworth J. Lynne , Kak Ashutosh , Bisset Genevieve 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions target set by UNFCCC Paris Accord in 2016 will emerge as a new value driver to project development planning that has the potential to degrade the viability of future offshore oil and gas projects. Integration of GHG emissions and legislated carbon price as new decision drivers to project decision-making will require an in-depth understanding on the overall economic impact of carbon-conscious choices. In this light, the purpose of this paper is to present the impact of such choices on project development planning and implications for Decision Quality (DQ).
The case study presents a comparative assessment of total GHG emissions and comparative project economics for a Greenfield project, considering four development concepts: a Reference Case with a "traditional" offshore facility and three hypothetical cases, each of which are defined, evaluated, and compared against the Reference Case. Development of each case is discussed and created to support decision-making during project development planning. The paper presents an economic comparison to demonstrate the importance of including a carbon assessment early in project development planning to assure a thorough concept evaluation. It also demonstrates how a clear outlook on the annual GHG intensity over project life can be vital, for project sanction and mitigation of high carbon cost penalties in the future regulatory landscape.
Early understanding of risks associated with carbon price and regulatory enforcement can potentially change how industries analyze the viability of their projects/assets. The paper demonstrates the importance of assessing carbon-conscious options early in the project development planning stage, and how this helps developers to navigate the risks and opportunities in the drive to a lower-carbon society.
Qualification and In-Service Performance of an Additively Manufactured Oilfield Pump Impeller
Authors: Rettew Robert , Griffiths David , Rettberg Robin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article will outline the development, qualification, and in-field service trial of an additively manufactured 316 stainless steel pump impeller in chloride-containing water service for approximately 9 months. The pump impeller was manufactured by a hybrid directed energy deposition (DED) process. The novel process combines 5-axis DED and machining in one setup which brings significant reductions in lead time and other flexibility when compared to conventional manufacturing methods. Further benefits and challenges will be outlined. Qualification test results including mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and select micrographs of the material will be shown. A post-service analysis of the performance of the component is also provided. Discussion of the applicability of 3D printing to end users, creating value in rapid component delivery and innovation, is included. A forward-looking assessment of the next steps for impeller design and manufacturing with additive manufacturing is also included.
A System-Theoretic Approach to Well Control Assurance Programs
Authors: Baylor Brandon Scott 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The world's leading energy companies face new challenges as they aggressively pursue digital innovation and acceleration. Oil and gas well construction, in particular, will continue to incorporate automation to enhance capabilities and provide a competitive advantage. These changes to the technology landscape will fundamentally alter the nature of well construction and the interactions pertaining to well design, operation, and maintenance.
One key element of well construction is process safety. To prevent incidents, well control assurance programs are created to ensure subsurface hazards are mitigated and controlled. However, to continuously adapt and keep pace with ongoing digital transformation, assurance programs must be continuously revisited to improve in the face of a changing environment. One way to do this is by using systems engineering principles, methods, and tools. System-Theoretic Accident Models and Processes (STAMP) and System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) developed by MIT's Nancy Leveson can help assess assurance programs and uncover opportunities to improve.
This paper analyzes oil and gas assurance programs and generates system requirements based on causal factors that impact the efficacy of the assurance program as a whole. This, in turn, helps identify safe system boundaries and constraints to be enforced to achieve system safety. This paper demonstrates the value of STPA as an integrated analysis method and offers specific recommendations to improve oil and gas assurance processes.
Effect of Fins on Combined Loaded Suction Caisson in Deepwater Clay Soils. A Numerical Analysis
Authors: Castillo Garcia Pablo , Panayides Stylianos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Suction piles are a form of foundation widely adopted in the offshore energy industry. Efforts to enhance the combined Vertical-Horizontal (V-H) performance of piles with the addition of fins, attracted interest from the engineering community in the beginning of the 21st century. Design of this enhancement was surfaced whilst examining foundation solutions for renewable energy projects. Studies to date have primarly considered relatively shallow waters comprising sandy soils, with the behaviour of fin-enhanced piles in very soft to soft clay soils, receiving less attention. The present study emphasis is on typical deep-water deposits of soft clay and attempts to evaluate the impact of varying fin length, shape, orientation and location, on the combined capacity of suction piles by means of three-dimensional finite element analyses. The paper investigates two types of load configuration; in the first instance loading at the pile head and secondly with the load attachment point located at approximately two thirds of the pile embedded length. These two configurations cover different foundation solutions, such as support for subsea infrastructure and anchoring for floating facilities, respectively. Optimum fin-enhanced suction pile configurations are presented for each application, with the results from this study indicating an increase of the load-carrying capacity in V-H space, whilst reducing the overall suction pile size. The efficiency of various configurations is presented with composite plots of increase in holding capacity, plotted against the increase in steel surface area. Preliminary recommendations on fin length, location, shape and orientation for typical suction pile applications are presented with intent to demonstrate the potential for cost savings and reduction in both operational and schedule risk.
Acquire Ocean Bottom Seismic Data and Time-Lapse Geochemistry Data Simultaneously to Identify Compartmentalization and Map Hydrocarbon Movement
Authors: Schrynemeeckers Rick 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Current offshore hydrocarbon detection methods employ vessels to collect cores along transects over structures defined by seismic imaging which are then analyzed by standard geochemical methods. Due to the cost of core collection, the sample density over these structures is often insufficient to map hydrocarbon accumulation boundaries.
Traditional offshore geochemical methods cannot define reservoir sweet spots (i.e. areas of enhanced porosity, pressure, or net pay thickness) or measure light oil or gas condensate in the C7 – C15 carbon range. Thus, conventional geochemical methods are limited in their ability to help optimize offshore field development production.
The capability to attach ultrasensitive geochemical modules to Ocean Bottom Seismic (OBS) nodes provides a new capability to the industry which allows these modules to be deployed in very dense grid patterns that provide extensive coverage both on structure and off structure. Thus, both high resolution seismic data and high-resolution hydrocarbon data can be captured simultaneously.
Field trials were performed in offshore Ghana. The trial was not intended to duplicate normal field operations, but rather provide a pilot study to assess the viability of passive hydrocarbon modules to function properly in real world conditions in deep waters at elevated pressures. Water depth for the pilot survey ranged from 1500 – 1700 meters.
Positive thermogenic signatures were detected in the Gabon samples. A baseline (i.e. non-thermogenic) signature was also detected. The results indicated the positive signatures were thermogenic and could easily be differentiated from baseline or non-thermogenic signatures.
The ability to deploy geochemical modules with OBS nodes for reoccurring surveys in repetitive locations provides the ability to map the movement of hydrocarbons over time as well as discern depletion affects (i.e. time lapse geochemistry). The combined technologies will also be able to:
Identify compartmentalization, maximize production and profitability by mapping reservoir sweet spots (i.e. areas of higher porosity, pressure, & hydrocarbon richness), rank prospects, reduce risk by identifying poor prospectivity areas, accurately map hydrocarbon charge in pre-salt sequences, augment seismic data in highly thrusted and faulted areas.
Fit For Service Qualification for Sour Service High Strength Production Casing For High Temperature
Authors: Lima Luciana I. L , Gomes Christelle , Landier Carine , Lima Marilia , Schleiss Kevin , Lazaro André F. , Diehl Bruno , Palmieri Ilson 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In recent years the application of high strength carbon steel with 125ksi specified minimum yield strength as a production casing in deepwater and high-pressure reservoirs has increased. Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) can develop when high strength carbon steel is exposed to a sour environment. The H2S partial pressure in these sour reservoirs is above the 0.03 bar limit for this material at room temperature. Materials SSC performance evaluation requires an accurate simulation of field conditions in the laboratory. To evaluate the production casing SSC behavior, some fit for service (FFS) tests were carried out considering the well geothermic temperature profile for the materials selection.
This paper presents a fit for service qualification carried out on Casing 125 ksi SMYS (Specified Minimum Yield Strength) materials. Two products with 125ksi SMYS were considered: one that has existed for several years and one developed more recently with a better SSC resistance – above the pH2S limit considered for the standard 125ksi SMYS material. The results obtained in this test program allowed casing 125 ksi SMYS materials selection for temperature above 65°C and environment more severe in terms of pH2S than the domain previously established for this grade. This allowed a new well production design, which saves one casing phase and avoids the necessity to use intermediate liners to prevent collapse.
Water Injection Pipeline Repair Offshore Angola Enhances Production
Authors: Sobolewski Kamil 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An international operating company detected a leak during an annual ROV inspection of a water injection (WI) pipeline offshore Angola in the Gulf of Guinea. The pipeline owner made the decision to repair the damaged line using clamps, but there were multiple challenges involved in executing the repair. First was the depth of the pipeline, which was on the seabed across an area that ranged from 1,170 m to 1,410 m (3,839 ft – 4,626 ft). Additional challenges included potential complications for clamp installation because of the location of the pipe welds and the physical condition of the pipe, which had experienced considerable wall thinning in multiple areas. Bringing the pipeline back into safe service required repairs to the aging pipe within a scope of work that included site preparation, the installation of two 12-in clamp connectors, and inspection services following clamp placement to verify proper installation.
Because there were welds in the WI pipeline, there was a risk that the clamp installation site would correspond with an area of the pipe that was welded, which would impact the ability of the clamps to fit snugly over the damaged area. Survey data were cross-referenced with the client's data to determine that the weld locations would not interfere with the installation. Coating removal was critical, so a purpose-built mechanical tool was designed to prepare the pipeline for clamp installation. The project also required finite element analysis (FEA) to confirm that the pipeline could withstand the seal load applied by the repair clamps.
The project was carried out in three steps. The objective of the first step was to prepare and stabilize the seabed to ensure it could bear the weight of the clamp installation frame and the impact of the ROV working nearby. The second phase focused on preparing the repair locations for installation of the clamps, a process that included coating removal and surface cleaning to return the WI pipeline to bare metal finish in the clamp areas. The third phase was the preparation and installation of the 12-in repair clamps. This included the inspection and spot cleaning of pipeline surfaces, clamp installation, and clamp seal verification.
The two clamps were successfully installed and passed pressure testing in February 2020, enabling the operator to bring the WI line back online and functioning safely at reduced pressure.
This repair employed the highest-pressure clamp of this type installed to date (138 bar / 2,000 psi).