bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible light assisted photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye on CdSe-ZnO nanocomposite: Characterization and kinetic studies
Authors: Abbas Alshamsi H. , Abbas. Al Bedairy M. , Hussein Alwan S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper involves the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye (RhB) employing ZnO and ZnO/CdSe nanocomposites as photocatalysts which was synthesized via chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. Nanocomposite CdSe-ZnO powders have been synthesized by varying CdSe/ZnO molar ratios. The structural, optical, morphological, and topological characteristics of as synthesized materials were investigated using the appropriate characterization instrument such as X-ray diffractometer (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (DRS), atomic force microscope (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). It seems that the growth of CdSe particles onto ZnO particles in a core-shell like structure. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/CdSe nanocomposite has been investigated under affecting factors such as catalyst dosage, RhB concentration and initial pH of RhB solution. The photocatalytic degradation reactions were carried out by exposing the aqueous suspension of the dye and ZnO/CdSe system with visible light. The residual concentration of RhB dye was measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer at maximum wavelength of dye (λmax 554 nm). The decolorization process was found to follow pseudo first-order kinetics which is well expressed by the represented by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model. The maximum decolonization efficiency of 99% was achieved within 180 min at optimum conditions, dye conc. 10 mg/L, pH 10, CdSe (10%)-ZnO dose 1.5 g/L. The ROS studies indicate that hydroxyl radicals and holes are the predominant reactive species within the same step. Furthermore, CdSe(10%)-ZnO shows a good stability after reuse for 15 successive cycles and hence it expected to be promising in polluted water treatment.
Water Footprint of Rice in Iraq
Authors: Ewaid Salam Hussein , Abed Salwan Ali , Chabuk Ali , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is a shortage of water and increasing demand for food in Iraq and other areas of the world will be difficult to meet in the future. Because agriculture is the primary consumer of water, without savings in consumption and precise knowledge of the actual need for water to irrigate important crops, food security cannot be guaranteed. Water footprint (WF) is an inclusive measure for freshwater use that can be used to evaluate the impact on both water volume and distribution of human water consumption. In this study, following the WF approach, the CROPWAT software with the crop water requirement option, the WF of paddy rice cultivation in 7 Iraqi provinces during the year 2017 were estimated. The results showed that the Iraqi paddy rice WF is 3072 m3/ton, which is higher than the global average (1325 m3/ton), the highest water of WF belongs to Muthanna Province with 6688.5 m3/ton and the lowest belongs to Al-Qadysia Province with 2405.5 m3/ton. About 816,704,748 m3/yr of water were used to irrigate paddy rice-growing areas throughout the country to produce 265,852 tons, the blue WF is dominant and green WF is almost non-existent because rice in Iraq grows during the hot and dry summer. Some provinces like Muthanna and Misan produce little and have a high WF so, rice can be replaced with crops like vegetables that provide more economic benefit and need less water, and the production should be concentrated in low WF provinces such as Qadisiya and Najaf.
Bioseparation and Purification of Hepatotoxins Microcystin–LR from Cyanobacteria species Westiellopsis prolifica.
Authors: Khadairi M. M. , Al-Janabi A. I. H. , Al-amari M. J. Y. , Almamoori A.M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The presents study included bioseparation and purification of hepatotoxins microcystin-LR from cyanobacteria species westeillopsis prolifica the concentration of toxin was determined by preparative high performance liquid chromatography by comparing peak area and retention time of analytical standard of microcystin-LR with peak area and retention time of extraction of each species of cyanobacteria, the retention time of analytical standard of microcystin-LR were 9.55 min and it’s concentration was 10µg/ml, W. prolifica retention time was 9.5 min, it’s concentration was 28.385 µg/ml.
The wells of the underground water in Al-Aatha area south of Al-Miqdadiya District and its Agricutural uses
Authors: Abd Yaser Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Al-Aatha area is located in the south of AL Muqdadia district in Diyala province. its unreclaimed lands. It was natural pastures distributed among peasants and farmers on contracts after the imposition of the Economic Blockade on Iraq in 1990. This area contains alot of hills, sand-dunes and arable lands. It covers two agricultural territories with an area of (55034) Dunams. These are rain irrigated iands and the underground water provides their needs for water in Agriculture. The Wells water is affected by many natural factors which led to agglomeration under this area such as geological structure, sandy texture, soil and natural vegetation. The wells of this area are characterized by huge amounts of water through the permanent supply of water which goes on for about 14 hours aday. This means that the level of water does not fall much and this proves that it contains ahuge under ground water reservoir. This case encouraged use the extensive agriculture with winter crops such as wheat depending on these Wells. So the farming of this crop is about (9173) Dunams acope with agricultural plan for the present season (2019-2020) The irrgation of two methods. The first one by surface irrigation with an area about (8531) Dunams and the other is the modern system is called sprangler irrigation. The region contains five advance methods with an area about (642) Dunams.
Molecular and Quantitative genetic Variation of Shape and Size of Wings for Populations of Ch. Megacephala by Using Outline-Based Geometric Morphometric Technique
Authors: Okaily Riyad Ali , Kadhim A. I. , Alqeragouly A. A. , Hilal S. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There are several different methods of classifying Insect. One of these methods that were used Geometric Morphometric of wings technique to study the impact of Imipramine tab. on variation the shape and size of the wings of populations of Ch. Megacephala,The results showed that the average Centroid size of the left wing of populations that treated were 1077.3 and 1055.8 uM for the population were un treated and did not show any significant differences in the average of the centriod size for the left front wing for two colonies of populations of Ch. Megacephalan. When reclassification percent using discriminate analysis, the results showed that all specimens of populations are completely identical that mean the populations represent the same species. Furthermore, results of the statistical analysis by using ANOVA test showed that there were no significant differences in the average of the centriod size for the left wing for two colonies of population of Ch. Megacephala
Optimization of composite polymer dosing and pH in wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Chasib Sarah Adil , Azeez Nayyef Mohsin , Dawood Ammar Salman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a composite Aluminum Chloride–polyacrylamide polymer (indicate AlCl3-PAM) was prepared by physical mixing. the response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) was utilized for modeling and optimization of the flocculation process of the wastewater, to utilized maximum removal of the (turbidity, total suspended solid and chemical oxygen demand). moreover, the influence of composite polymer dosage and pH on the wastewater flocculation process was discussed. Square models developed for the three responses (Turbidity, TSS and COD) denoted the optimum condition of flocculation process in terms of optimal composite polymer dosage and optimal pH. The optimum composite polymer dosage was (2.5 mg/l) with an optimum pH 7. In these optimal values, the wastewater treatment achieved (84.9%, 97%, and 92.4%) removal of COD, turbidity, and TSS, respectively.
Efficiency of Pseudomonas putida in bioremediation of chlorpyrifos toxicity
Authors: Hussain Al-Janabi Ameera O. , Hashim Hassanin Sabah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
At present, extensive varieties of pesticides are being used but the demand for Organophosphorus pesticide is increasing globally to control insects. Chlorpyrifos is a broad-spectrum, highly toxic, and chlorinated organophosphate insecticide that is synthetic in origin and is normally ester or thiol derivatives of phosphoric. The mode of action involves inhibiting acetyl-cholinesterase leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine causing neurotoxicity. Bacteria capable of degrading the pesticide, chlorpyrifos, were isolated from soil contaminatied with pesticiedes. In this way, three distinct chlorpyrifosdegrading strains of Pseudomonas putidia were isolated, and were characterized using morphological and biochemical analysis. Strain PB1 exhibited the greatest chlorpyrifos degradation rate reach to 100% and was consequently selected for further investigation. Degradation of chlorpyrifos by strain PC1 was rapid at 20 and 37C. Strain PB1 was able to effectively degrade chlorpyrifos in sterilized medium using high inoculum levels. The maximum degradation rate of chlorpyrifos was calculated as 0.08µg/ml to 0.002µg/ml during 6-12 days. Bacteria such as strain PB1, that use chlorpyrifos as a carbon source, could be employed for the bioremediation of sites contaminated with pesticides.
Impact of Fish Farming in floating cages on zooplankton Community in Euphrates River, Iraq
Authors: Hassan AL-Keriawy Hussein Aliwy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Impact of floating cages Fish culture on zooplankton in Euphrates river of middle of Iraq was examined from cage and non-cage site at monthly intervals from January 2018 to December 2019. the physical and chemical properties of river water were measured including Water Temperature, Turbidity,Total Solid suspended ( TSS), pH, Electrical Conductivity(EC),Total Dissolved Solids(TDS),Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5),phosphate (PO4) and Nitrate (NO3),The results indicated that: the, Turbidity,Total Solid suspended ( TSS), pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids(TDS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), (PO4) phosphate and (NO3) Nitrate values in cage site were significantly higher than non-cage site (p<0.05) This gives evidence of the effect of fish cages on this properties. In the current study about 48 Taxonomic units of zooplankton were identified, the rotifer was dominate group including 23 taxa to rotifera, 12 taxa belonging to cladocera and 13 taxa to copepod. The Zooplankton showed high density in river 9470 ind/m3 during April in non-cage site while lower1100 ind/m3 in December in cage site also the rotifer recorder density from (425 ind/m3 in cage site to 4925 ind/m3 non-cage site), cladocera density from225 ind/m3 in cage site to 1850 ind/m3 in non-cage site and copepod density from 450 ind/m3 in cage site to 2695 ind/m3 non-cage the high values were in spring and autumn while lowest values were recorded in summer and winter. The results of relative abundance index showed that the species rotifera: Keratella cochlearis,K.valga, Euchlanis delatata while the cladocera Alona
rectangular, Bosmina longirostris, Chydorus sphaericus, Simocephalus vetulus and the copepods: nauplii were more abundant in the Euphrates river at cage site. The Shanon-Weiner index of total Zooplankton varied from 1.81 to 4.13 bit/ind while the Shanon index of Rotifer from 1.85 to 3.78 bit/Ind, Cladocera varied from 0.001 to 3.04 bit/Ind and Copeoda varied from 0.35 to 2.71 bit/Ind with greatest values were recorded at April and September in non-cage site while lower values at and June and November in cage site that give evident to effect of cage on zooplankton.
Application of SWRT Technique to Reduce Stress and Water supply
Authors: Hommadi Ali H. , Al-Mohammed Fadhil M. , Mutasher Abdul Khider A. , Al Obaidy Ahmed I. , AL-Rawi Shatha S. , Almasraf Sabah A. , Alfawzy Ali M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The increasing of temperature with reduction of rainfall in dry season led to reduce water areas which cause reduce the cultivation areas in Iraq and other countries. Effecting of drought causing negative action on crop productivity. The irrigation water shortage will impact on crops by stress of water as well water decreasing will increase salt concentration that will increase the salt stress cause influence on yield of crops. This research will study of stress by decreasing of water (deficit irrigation) on production of okra crops with both use subsurface water retention techniques (SWRT) and without use SWRT, then estimation differences after that calculate affection of salt on crop. The research was done in Babylon governorate in Al-Hindiya Barrage. The treatments A1 used drip irrigation system with SWRT technique and used deficit irrigation in some times, while A2 used trickle irrigation without SWRT and use deficit irrigation in some times. The results of treatment A1 showed the amount of applying water reduced to 7% than A2. Whereas the number of irrigations of A1 equal to A2. The yield of crop of A1 was more than of A2 by 15 %. The actual yield of A1 was impacted by water stress and salt were 0.01 kg/m2 and 0.011 kg/m2 respectively. The actual yield of A2 which impacted by water stress and salt were 0.079 kg/m2 and 0.085 kg/m2, respectively. The yield in A1 with SWRT and without stress and the yield of A2 without SWRT and without stress showed percent of increasing of 2.3%. The SWRT technique helps to stress resistance and drought resistance by using okra of loam soil.
The Effect of 96% Ethanol Extract of Binahong Leaf on Hyperglycemia White Male Rats Using Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride Parameters
Authors: Dwitiyanti  , Rorenza Tera 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is an increase in lipid levels such as cholesterol and triglycerides. Binahong leaves contain compounds that possess anti-hyperlipidemic properties. This study aims to determine the effect of 96% ethanol extract of binahong leaves on reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic rats. The testing animals were divided into 6 groups consisting of normal group, negative group (high fat and sucrose diets), positive group (atorvastatin), dose I group (12.5 mg / kg), dose II (25 mg / kg), and dose III (50 mg / kg). All groups, except the normal group, were induced with high fat and sucrose diets. The results obtained showed that the binahong leaves extract was effective in reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The dose II group was comparable to the positive control in reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels with the percentage reduction of 48.97% and 47.17%, respectively.
Dragonfly Community in Flowing and Stagnating Water in the Cibodas Botanical Garden Area
Authors: Febrianti Nur Afni , Murwitaningsih Susanti , Sukandar Paskal , Lestari Suci 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There are about 5000-6000 types of dragonflies which will continue to grow when new types are found. The diversity of dragonflies in Indonesia is quite high, namely about 750 species or 12.5% of the total in the world. This study aims to determine the dragonfly community in flowing and stagnant water in the Cibodas Botanical Garden Area. The research method used was a descriptive exploratory method, while the data collection technique used the Catch and Release technique (TLK). Data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis. Data collection was carried out in May-July 2018. The locations included in the flowing water group were Sakura Park and Ciismun Waterfall, while Air Mancur and Guest House were included in the stagnant water group. The results showed that there were 8 types of dragonflies identified, namely Orthetrum Pruinosum, Orthetrum sabina, Orthetrum glaucum, Pantala flavescens, Neurothermis fluctuans, Neurothemis terminata, Ischnura senegalensis, Coeliccia membranipes. The most common species found was Pantala flavescens with 533 individuals, while the least species found was Neurothemis terminata with 4 individuals. Sub-order zygoptera was found only in 2 types in this study, namely the Coeliccia membranipes with the number of 101 individuals and Ischnura senegalensis with the number of 19 individuals. The dominant types of dragonflies in flowing and stagnant water are Pantala flavescens and Orthetrum pruinosum. The Coeliccia membranipes dragonfly was only found in running water, namely at the location of the Ciismun waterfall and Ischnura senegalensis only found in stagnant water, namely at the location of the fountain.
Meistera chinensis fruit properties: Chemical compound, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activity
Authors: Musdalipah  , Karmilah  , Tee Selfyana Austin , Nurhikma Eny , Fauziah Yulianti , Fristiohady Adryan , Sahidin I , Mahatva Yodha Agung Wibawa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Zingiberaceae has a large number of species in Indonesia. One of the newly discovered generations of this class is Meistera chinensis. It is widely distributed in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. There is no information on the chemical compound and pharmacological activity of this plant. This study aims to identify chemical compounds, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal of extract from Meistera chinensis fruit. Meistera chinensis fruit dry powder was extracted by maceration process using ethanol 96% solvent. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The antioxidant activity was determined by the radical reduction test of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with vitamin C and trolox as controls. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities were tested using agar diffusion method on Escherichia coli ACTT 35218, Staphylococcus aureus ACTT 25023, Streptococcus mutans ACTT 25675, and the fungus Candida albicans. The results showed that the phytochemical screening of Meistera chinensis fruit extracts contained saponins, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenolics, tannin, and flavonoids. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent pattern with IC50 47.62 ± 2.93, 8.84 ± 0.69, 11.45 ± 0.87 for Meistera chinensis fruit, ascorbic acid, and trolox respectively. The results of the analysis of variance on antibacterial and antifungal properties showed that there was a significant difference (p = 0.00 < 0.05) against fungal and bacterial growth. Besade on the results, we make the following observations that Meistera chinensis fruit can be used as herbal medicine for the development of natural antioxidants, antibacterial, and antifungal.
Application of Supply Chain Requirements for Smallholders: Impact on Sustainable Palm Oil Management Policies in Indonesia
Authors: Herdiansyah Herdis , Kusumastuti Ratih Dyah , Samputra Palupi Lindiasari , Indriyana Neny , Suharyanti Nanik Ambar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The pressure of the global economic climate that is leading to the concept of sustainability by emphasizing traceability and reducing environmental impact has resulted in the ISPO standard not being fully recognized internationally. This is likely to exclude smallholders from national value chains and from international markets that demand certified commodities. Therefore, this policy brief aims to use ISPO certification to maintain the smallholders’ position in the national value chain. The methods used are spatial analysis, field surveys, and in-depth interviews. The data obtained will then be analyzed with a qualitative approach through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with experts in various fields to draw conclusions and decisions on policy improvements.
Epidemiological Characteristics of the First Cluster of COVID-19 in Magetan District – East Java, 2020
Authors: Abidondifu Frans , Syahrul Fariani , Purnomo Agoes Yudi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of disease that had never been identified in humans. The virus that causes COVID-19 is called Sars-coV-2. Magetan district Government first reported a confirmed COVID-19 case on March 19, 2020. This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 cluster in Magetan District.

Method: This research is a descriptive study that was done by collecting COVID-19 information from the contact tracing data of the Magetan district health office from 19th March to 6th April 2020, including gender, age, onset data, symptoms, exposure history, risk factors, and residence.

Results: COVID-19 data up to April 6, 2020 had one group of COVID-19 cluster from the Bogor cluster; 9 patient confirmed cases: 44.44% were aged 50-59 years, 66.67% were females, 44.44% were housewife, CFR COVID-19 CFR was 11%, 66.67% are close contacts, 44.44% had sore throat and 33.33% had cough, average of 14 days as the incubation period, and patients spread in 3 sub districts.

Conclusion: COVID-19 Bogor cluster is the initial source of transmission in Magetan District through close contact. The government must increase the testing capacity and centralized isolation for all suspects of COVID-19 cases, conducted a screening at the entrance of the area and intensified contact tracing in the public health centre area. Involve all leaders across sectors and stakeholders in the community for information distribution. Encourage the movement of citizens concerned about COVID-19 prevention.
Sustainable Development of Papalele’s Household from Environmental Issue
Authors: Soegijono Simon Pieter , Kembauw Esther 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Papalele is a group of people who are routine sellers activity. They have been known to the people of Ambon Maluku City, as tough sellers since the past. The term papalele is addressed to them, more because of their local identity. Therefore, this paper wants to show that the papalele struggle to meet the demands of household economic life and the distribution of household duties for family members is inevitable. Increasing various needs of household economy, but household economy still survive. Therefore, to answer the purpose of this paper, the research method used is a qualitative approach and the type of case study research. The results of this discussion indicate that the simple daily life of the papalele seems to help explain the strength of the struggle of live. When energy and time are fully devoted to the interests of the family, at least it has formed their character to maintain the existence of the family as a form of social responsibility.
Diversity of terrestrial ferns (Pteridophytes) in Ciliwung Telaga Warna Puncak Bogor tea estate in West Java
Authors: Wiranto Basar , Husnin  , Susilo  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Very few research has been done on the diversity of terrestrial ferns (Pteridophyta) in the Ciliwung Telaga Warna Puncak tea garden in Bogor, West Java. This research aims to understand the diversity of ferns and species of ferns found in the tea plantation area of Ciliwung, Telaga Warna Puncak, Bogor, West Java, by examining ecological indices in the form of important value index and diversity index. Objects collected in the observation were all types of ferns in the Ciliwung Telaga Warna Puncak tea plantation area, Bogor, West Java through line transect techniques (transect sampling) and rectangular sampling which were placed randomly in the census zone (sampling square). The data obtained were processed quantitatively with Microsoft Excel. From the research conducted in the Ciliwung Telaga Warna tea plantation area, 18 species were found. The highest index of important value for ferns was Selaginella sp, at 92.98% and the lowest was Lycopodiella cernua with an INP value of 1.15%. The value of H’(Species Diversity) obtained in the Ciliwung Telaga Warna Puncak tea plantation area with 4 transects and 100 plots was 1.425, indicating that the species diversity on a transect was moderate.