bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sumoylation regulates Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Tomasi Maria Lauda , Ryoo Minjung , Gao Bin 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundEthanol‐inducible CYP2E1 contributes to increased oxidative stress and steatosis in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Ubiquitin‐conjugation enzyme 9 (Ubc9), the sole E2‐conjugating enzyme for sumoylation, is induced in the livers of ethanol‐fed mice. Our aim was to examine whether the dysregulated sumoylation could regulate the ethanol‐induced CYP2E1 expression in ALD and elucidate the molecular mechanism(s).MethodsStudies were done using in vivo binge ethanol‐fed mice and primary mouse hepatocytes. Gene and protein expression were measured by real‐time PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Promoter activity, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (Chip) assay and in vitro protein sumoylation were analyzed using commercial kits.ResultsWe found Ubc9 mRNA level is increased in the livers of binge mice and ethanol‐treated hepatocytes whereas CYP2E1 mRNA level increased minimally. In contrast, protein levels of Ubc9 and CYP2E1 are both induced. Ubc9 knockdown reduced CYP2E1 mRNA level and CYP2E1 promoter activity. Chip assay showed that Ubc9 is required for NF‐kB and C/EBPβ, two positive regulators of CYP2E1 promoter activity known to be sumoylated, to interact with CYP2E1 promoter in hepatocytes. Silencing of Ubc9 prevented ethanol‐mediated induction in CYP2E1 protein level when de novo mRNA synthesis is blocked by actinomycin D. Finally, we found that CYP2E1 is sumoylated in vitro and in vivo in binge mice livers and increased following ethanol treatment.ConclusionsEthanol‐mediated sumoylation increased CYP2E1 expression in livers of binge mice and primary hepatocytes regulating CYP2E1 promoter activity but the primary role of sumoylation is to stabilize CYP2E1 protein after ethanol treatment.
Depressive Symptoms in Rats with Myocardial Infarction Associated with Local Brain Expression of Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin (NGAL)
Authors: Schoemaker Regien , Gouweleeuw Leonie , Liu Hui , Eisel Ulrich 
Published: June 2021

Depression is a common co‐morbidity in heart failure, that adversely affects prognosis. However, depression is highly variable, as it is diagnosed as minimally 5 out of 9 symptoms. NGAL is associated with overall depression in heart failure patients. In this study we investigate the association of NGAL with different depressive symptoms in myocardial infarcted rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation (MI) or sham surgery. After 3‐5 weeks, different depressive symptoms were evaluated using behavioral tests. Plasma, CSF and hypothalamic levels of NGAL were measured (Elisa), and NGAL expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) was obtained (immunohistochemistry). Plasma NGAL levels were increased related to infarct size (r=0.78, p=0.013, N=9), and correlated to CSF and hypothalamic levels, but not to depressive symptoms. NGAL expression in the PVN was increased in MI rats (45±7 vs 26±3 NGAL+ cells per high power field), irrespective of plasma NGAL levels. The number of NGAL positive cells in the PVN was correlated to exploratory behavior in the open field (r=‐0.77, p=0.006); latency to leave the home cage (r=0.51, p=0.026); and sucrose preference (r=0.60, p=0.009), but not to anxiety in the elevated plus maze. Data indicate that while circulating NGAL, representing severity of heart failure, is reflected in CSF and may hence enter the brain, depressive symptoms after myocardial infarction in rats rather are associated with local expression of NGAL in the brain.
Implementing a Cooperative Learning Model in a Cadaver Anatomy Laboratory
Authors: Saltarelli William , Lee You‐kyung , Roseth Cary 
Published: June 2021

For instructors of human anatomy, it remains unclear whether some teaching methods are more likely to enhance student motivation and achievement than others. This presentation focuses on Jigsaw, a cooperative learning technique. In Jigsaw, students divide into groups to learn subsets of objectives. After mastering their subset, students then form new groups in which each student teaches their subset to students who, in turn, teach their subsets. The purpose of this work is to explain how the Jigsaw procedure was modified for use in the anatomy laboratory and to provide data comparing Jigsaw with traditional lab instruction in which students work on their own.The Jigsaw method was modified to teach 300 students in a one‐semester cadaver based laboratory. Fifteen laboratory sections were randomly assigned to either traditional lab instruction or Jigsaw. Surveys were given across the semester to assess student motivation and engagement. Achievement was assessed at the end of each laboratory session (exit quizzes) and on six unit exams.Jigsaw students scored significantly higher on all exit quizzes. However, no significant differences were detected on the systems exams. Jigsaw students' motivation also increased compared to the traditional lab, as measured by interest, engagement, and positive emotions.Jigsaw was implemented in an undergraduate cadaver anatomy course. Not only were students were more successful in learning anatomical structures using Jigsaw, but their motivation increased as well. Further research should focus on the long‐term retention of material in a cooperative learning environment.
Tablets in the Gross Anatomy and Neuroanatomy Labs: Quick and Dirty Can Work
Authors: Druzinsky Robert , Doubleday Alison 
Published: June 2021

In the past five years there have been major changes in the education of students in the College of Dentistry. These changes include an emphasis on student‐centered, small group learning (Crawford et. al., 2007), smaller cohort sizes; use of iPads in the gross anatomy lab (Doubleday, 2014); and distribution of iPad Minis to all students. In past years, students in the neuroanatomy lab were given a lab manual and access to textbooks and atlases. This year faculty began to utilize software to create online learning modules for didactic, as well as gross anatomy and neuroanatomy lab sessions. The lab manual was supplemented with a self‐guided tutorial (SoftChalk©) in the Blackboard© course site. For each gross anatomy lab session and for select didactic sessions, students were also provided with a self‐guided tutorial (SoftChalk©) to complete prior to class.In response to student requests for self‐guided instruction materials for the neuroanatomy lab, brains were photographed using a cellphone, and images were labeled and made available to students for use during subsequent labs and for study outside of class. Although faculty anticipated that image and video quality achievable on mobile devices would not be good enough to encourage adequate learning, various measures indicate that student outcomes are improving. Scores for the neuroanatomy portion of the basic sciences course in 2014 were significantly higher than in 2013. Scores on anatomy lab practical exams have risen steadily over the past three years, and students have achieved a 100 percent pass rate on the National Board Part I for the past three years. This presentation outlines strategies, challenges, and benefits of including mobile‐accessible learning materials that are “quick and dirty” but good enough.
A 1H NMR‐Based Approach to Investigate Metabolomic Differences in the Plasma and Urine of Young Women after Cranberry Juice or Apple Juice
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Tayyari Fariba , Khoo Christina , Gu Liwei 
Published: June 2021

The present study aimed to investigate overall metabolic changes caused by cranberry juice or apple juice consumption using a global 1H NMR‐based metabolomics approach. Eighteen female college students, between 21‐29 years old, were given either cranberry juice or apple juice for three days using a cross‐over design. Plasma and urine samples were collected before and after juice consumption. Metabolome in urine and plasma were analyzed using 1H NMR‐based metabolomics followed by multivariate analyses. No metabolic difference was observed in human plasma before and after juice consumption for either cranberry or apple juices. However, metabolome in plasma and urine after cranberry juice consumption were different from those after apple juice consumption. Cranberry juice consumption caused a greater increase in urinary excretion of hippuric acid and a higher level of citric acid in the plasma. On the other hand, cranberry juice decreased the plasma level of lactate, D‐glucose, and two unidentified metabolites compared to apple juice consumption. The metabolomic changes caused by cranberry juice consumption may help to explain its reported health benefits.This research is supported in part by Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.
A Novel Combination of Sulforaphane and Maitake Extract Induces Phase II Enzymes
Authors: Slider Laxmi , Erwin Sharis , Ownby Stacy , Cornblatt Grace 
Published: June 2021

Environmental threats including chemical pollutants found in air, water, and food supplies are eliminated from the body by the action of cytoprotective Phase II detoxifying enzymes. Cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, contain glucoraphanin, which is converted to the isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. Sulforaphane is a potent inducer of Phase II enzymes including UGT and HMOX. It induces these enzymes by activating Nrf2, a master switch in the antioxidant response element pathway. Furthermore, extracts of maitake mushrooms contain glucans which offer immunomodulating potential. We have demonstrated that maitake extract works with sulforaphane to further induce Phase II enzymes. Here, we show that cultured human hepatocytes treated for 24 hours with a combination of sulforaphane and maitake extract induces gene expression and increased protein expression of Phase II enzymes including UGT and HMOX. Further, in a study carried out in 10‐week‐old Sprague Dawley rats given a control (PBS) or the combination of 10mM sulforaphane and 1.54 mg/kg maitake mushroom extract by daily oral gavage for two weeks, quantitative real‐time PCR analysis of mammary tissue showed an increase in expression of UGT and HMOX. Overall, we demonstrate that a blend of sulforaphane and maitake extract induces Phase II enzymes, which provide a powerful, natural defense against everyday exposures to environmental threats.Funding: Nutramax Laboratories, Consumer Care, Inc.
Comparison of Labeled Composition and Strength of Prenatal Multivitamin/Mineral (MVM) Prescription (P) and Non‐Prescription (N‐P) Supplements
Authors: Saldanha L , Dwyer J , Andrews K , Bailen R , Bailey R , Betz J , Costello R , Dang P , Gahche J , Gusev P , Han F , Palachuvattil J , Savarala S , Pehrsson P 
Published: June 2021

Many prenatal MVM supplements sold in the US are available by prescription only. Our objective is to determine if P prenatal MVMs differ in labeled composition and strength from N‐P products. Publically‐available databases, e.g., NHANES, Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD), DailyMed, and Monthly Prescribing Reference were used to compile composition data for P and N‐P products. The mean number ±SE of vitamins and minerals in P prenatals was 8±0.4 and 4±0.2 and in N‐P was 11±0.4 and 8±0.5, respectively. The table shows the percentage (%) of products containing 5 select nutrients of interest recommended for pregnant women, mean labeled amounts, and difference (P < 0.05) in means between P and N‐P products. The only observed difference is in levels of folic acid.

#
Folic Acid
Iodine
DHA
Calcium
Vit D

Mean±SE (%)§
Mean±SE (%)
Mean±SE (%)
Mean±SE (%)
Mean±SE (%)

P
42
882±41¶ (98)
161±5 (50)
270±10 (60)
178±13 (33)
459±35 (88)

N‐P
59
782±24 (90)
151±9 (66)
210±23 (49)
289±29 (81)
526±44 (86)

This preliminary survey suggests that P and N‐P prenatal MVMs may differ in ingredient composition and strength. The degree of difference may be ingredient dependent. Analytically‐derived data on the composition of N‐P prenatal MVMs have been published in the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID‐3), and a pilot study analyzing the content of P prenatals is planned. FUNDING: Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH.
Early Childhood Malnutrition Increases Metabolic Syndrome in Adulthood
Authors: Fischer Laura , Galler Janina 
Published: June 2021

The effects of childhood malnutrition on adult metabolic health are poorly understood. In the past decade, the prevalence of cardio‐metabolic diseases has risen in developing countries, suggesting a correlation between early malnutrition and adult metabolic health. To address this relationship we assessed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related risk factors in previously malnourished and healthy control adult participants (age 33‐47) in the Barbados Nutrition Study (BNS) The BNS is a 47‐year longitudinal study, following individuals with histories of malnutrition limited to the first year of life– who were enrolled in an intervention program through 12 years of age– and healthy controls from the same classrooms and neighborhoods. This study examined the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, defined by the International Diabetes Federation, in previously malnourished (n=80) and controls (n=68). Multiple regression analysis, controlling for gender, age and childhood socioeconomic status was applied. Results demonstrated a significant effect of malnutrition on diabetes and metabolic syndrome (adjusted OR=4.8 and 3.8, respectively; p<0.05). Additionally, there was a significant effect of the nutrition x gender interaction on metabolic syndrome. The interaction was the result of a significant effect of gender on metabolic syndrome in controls (adjusted OR=8.6 p<0.05) but no effect of gender in the malnourished group. We have confirmed malnutrition in childhood contributes to higher risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Further investigation into the metabolic programming following childhood malnutrition is warranted to identify underlying mechanisms, which can result in better prevention and treatment strategies.Acknowledgements: This research was supported by NIH grant HD060986.
Higher Total Protein Intake During Exercise Training Improves Body Composition But Not Indices of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Amankwaah Akua , Kim Jung Eun , Weinheimer‐Haus Eileen , Janle Elsa , Campbell Wayne 
Published: June 2021

We retrospectively assessed the effect of total protein intake (TPro) during exercise training on body composition (BC) and indices of metabolic syndrome (MS) in overweight/obese middle‐aged adults. 100 men/women performed aerobic/resistance exercise training 3x/wk and consumed unrestricted diets along with 200 kcal supplements (0, 10, 20 or 30 g whey protein) 2x/d for 36 wk. Subjects were clustered into 3 TPro groups: < 1.0 (n=36 low protein, LP), 蠅1.0 ‐ <1.2 (n=25 moderate protein, MP), and 蠅 1.2 (n=39 high protein, HP) g•kg‐1•d‐1. TPro was inversely associated with changes in body mass (BM), BMI, fat mass (FM), % FM, and lean mass (LM), and positively associated with change in % LM (multiple regression). Similar results were observed for regional (android and gynoid) BC changes. TPro was not associated with changes in MS indices: waist circumference, blood pressure, and serum glucose, triacylglycerol, and HDL. Based on cluster analyses, TPro influenced changes in BC. The responses in the LP, MP, and HP groups were as follows: (means with superscripts without a common letter differ, p<0.05) BM (1.9±0.6a, 0.1±0.7ab, ‐0.3±0.5b kg), FM (0.7±0.5a, ‐1.3±0.6b, ‐1.1±0.4b kg), % FM (‐0.2±0.3a, ‐1.7±0.4b, ‐1.2±0.3ab %), and % LM (0.2±0.3a, 1.7±0.4b, 1.2±0.3ab %). Comparable results were observed in the android region, but TPro did not influence responses in the gynoid region. Intake of LP, MP, or HP did not influence the responses of MS indices. These results suggest that the beneficial impact of higher TPro on weight control and adiposity do not extend to indices of metabolic health in middle‐aged overweight /obese adults.Support: US Whey Protein Res Consort; NIH T32AG025671; NIH UL1TR001108; Purdue Ingest Behav Res Ctr
Low Vitamin D Status Increases the Risk of Periodontal Disease in Puerto Rican Adults
Authors: Palacios Cristina , Abreu Orlando , Tatakis Dimistris , Elias‐Boneta Augusto 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between vitamin D status and periodontal disease in Puerto Rican adults.MethodsThis was a case‐control study in subjects 35‐64y with cases as moderate/severe periodontitis (defined by CDC and AAP) and periodontally healthy adults (controls), matched by BMI and gender. Participants completed questionnaires with demographic information, vitamin D consumption and sun exposure, underwent full‐mouth periodontal examination and provided a venipuncture blood sample for the measurement of serum 25(OH)D levels. Results were analyzed using conditional logistic regression analysis for matched pairs.ResultsA total of 19 pairs completed the study. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were lower in cases (18.5±4.6 ng/ml) compared to controls (24.2±7.1 ng/ml; p<0.05). A lower risk of periodontal disease risk was observed in those with 25(OH)D levels >25 ng/ml (OR 0.250; 95% CI 0.053, 1.177; p=0.08). When adjusting for potential confounders, such as age, vitamin D intake and sun exposure, a significantly lower risk of moderate to severe periodontal disease was found in those with levels >25 ng/ml compared with those with lower levels (OR 0.135; 95% CI 0.019, 0.970; p<0.05).ConclusionsSerum 25(OH)D levels >25 ng/ml were associated with 87% lower risk of moderate to severe periodontal disease in this sample. These finding suggest that there is a need to screen Puerto Rican adults for assessment of vitamin D levels.
Combined Glucagon‐like Peptide‐2 and Epidermal Growth Factor Therapy Maximally Stimulates Adaptation in Neonatal Intestinal Failure without Ileum
Authors: Lim David , Lévesque Crystal , Wales Paul , Vine Donna , Brubaker Patricia , Nation Patrick , Wizzard Pamela , Sigalet David , Li Julang , Bigam David , Turner Justine 
Published: June 2021

PurposeMost infants with intestinal failure (IF) suffer from loss of distal intestine, and ileum. We studied the effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) therapy in a novel preclinical IF model with distal resection.MethodsNeonatal piglets received one of 4 treatments (saline, GLP2, EGF, or GLP2/EGF in combination; n=6 in all groups) for 7 days after a 75% distal intestinal resection or no resection (sham). Adaptation was assessed by gut morphology, histology and permeability to mannitol. qRT‐PCR was performed for insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (Igf1), its receptor (Igf1r) and Egfr. Data are analyzed by two‐way ANOVA.ResultsCombination therapy increased intestinal length and mucosal weight over GLP2 or EGF alone and saline (p<0.01). Villus height increased with GLP2 but increased most with combination therapy compared to saline (p<0.01). Combination therapy decreased intestinal permeability to mannitol over GLP2 or EGF alone and saline (p<0.01). Igf1r expression increased with EGF and decreased with GLP2, with no effect on Igf1 or Egfr (p=0.03).ConclusionsThe adaptive changes present a role for combined GLP2 and EGF therapy in neonatal IF without ileum. Unlike mid‐intestinal resection, the effects of GLP2 or EGF alone are not as pronounced, nor is Igf1 upregulated, highlighting remnant anatomy as an important determinant of treatment effects.
Higher Total Protein Intake and Change in Total Protein Intake Impact Body Composition Changes in Adults Who Performed Exercise Training For 36 Weeks
Authors: Kim Jung Eun , Conley Travis , Weinheimer‐Haus Eileen , Campbell Wayne 
Published: June 2021

This retrospective study assessed the impact of total protein intake (TPro) during intervention and change in TPro (CTPro, during‐pre intervention) on changes in body composition (BC) in middle‐aged overweight/obese adults. 117 men and women performed aerobic and resistance exercise training 3x/wk and consumed an unrestricted diet along with 200 kcal supplements (0, 10, 20 or 30 g whey protein) 2x/d for 36 wk. Using a multiple regression model, TPro and CTPro were inversely associated with changes of whole body mass, fat mass (FM), % FM, lean mass (LM) and BMI, and positively associated with a change in % LM. Comparable results were observed for regional (arm, leg, and trunk) BC changes. Using a cluster analysis approach, changes in whole BC were different among groups that consumed TPro <1.0 (n=43) vs. 1.0‐1.2 (n=29) vs. 蠅1.2 g•kg‐1•d‐1 (n=45) (means with superscripts without a common letter differ, p<0.05): body mass (1.7±0.4a, ‐0.1±0.7b, ‐0.1±0.5b kg), FM (0.5±0.4a, ‐1.4±0.6b, ‐1.0±0.4b kg), % FM (‐0.2±0.2a, ‐1.7±0.4b, ‐1.1±0.3b %), and % LM (0.3±0.2a, 1.7±0.4b, 1.1±0.3b %). The gain in LM was not different among groups (1.1±0.2, 1.3±0.3, 0.9±0.2 kg). These results suggest that TPro 蠅1.0 g•kg‐1•d‐1 improve BC responses (compared to TPro <1.0 g•kg‐1•d‐1) and above 1.2 g•kg‐1•d‐1 do not augment these responses. The protein intake related improvement in BC was attributable to differential changes in FM in conjunction with exercise‐induced LM accretion. CTPro might also influence BC responses and should be considered in future research when different TPro are achieved via diet or supplements.Support: US Whey Protein Res Consort; NIH T32AG025671; NIH UL1TR001108; Purdue Ingest Behav Res Ctr
Mechanisms of Mammalian Middle Ear Ossicle Transition from the Reptilian Jaw Joint
Authors: Urban Daniel , Sears Karen 
Published: June 2021

During synapsid evolution, postdentary elements in the reptilian jaw transitioned into the middle ear of early mammals. Separation from the dentary allowed unconstrained evolution of the middle ear ossicles, resulting in increased hearing sensitivity and amplified frequency range. Given the importance of such an innovation, it is essential to understand the evolutionary pathway that led to the current phenotype, as this has implications for understanding the development of all mammals. Using an extant model system, Monodelphis domestica, we investigate the developmental basis of the definitive mammalian middle ear. We utilize micro‐CT imaging to characterize the morphological events underpinning the transition, cryosectioning and immunohistochemistry to identify cellular processes behind the morphological events, and laser capture microscopy followed by RNA Sequencing to identify changes in gene expression driving the cellular processes. Among our findings are: decreasing size and rearward movement of the middle ear ossicles appear to be false illusions created by the continued growth and expansion of the surrounding skull elements; separation of Meckel's cartilage from the malleus, occurring at postnatal day 20, is facilitated by apoptosis and is a prerequisite for the onset of hearing; separation and functional changes are due to alterations in timing and expression levels of key genes.Supported by NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant.