bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Taiwanese Undergraduate Students with SLD Use Different Learning Strategies than Students without These Disabilities?
Authors: Wang Li‐Chih , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the learning strategies that university students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) report using in the Chinese language context. Participants were 105 first‐year undergraduate students with SLD and 134 typically developing peers. Three questionnaires about reported reading/writing difficulties, metacognitive knowledge, and learning strategies were administered. Students with SLD reported using fewer learning strategies than students without SLD. The use of writing/research skills, which are the skills used to research topics from various sources in different ways (e.g., organizing writing projects, and monitoring for errors), significantly negatively predicted the reported reading/writing difficulties in both groups. These findings help expand our understanding of which learning strategies are useful for students with SLD and university instructors use more suitable techniques to facilitate the learning of these students.
Inter‐species lateral gene transfer focused on the Chlamydia plasticity zone identifies loci associated with immediate cytotoxicity and inclusion stability
Authors: Dimond Zoe E. , Suchland Robert J. , Baid Srishti , LaBrie Scott D. , Soules Katelyn R. , Stanley Jacob , Carrell Steven , Kwong Forrest , Wang Yibing , Rockey Daniel D. , Hybiske Kevin , Hefty P. Scott 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChlamydia muridarum actively grows in murine mucosae and is a representative model of human chlamydial genital tract disease. In contrast, C. trachomatis infections in mice are limited and rarely cause disease. The factors that contribute to these differences in host adaptation and specificity remain elusive. Overall genomic similarity leads to challenges in the understanding of these significant differences in tropism. A region of major genetic divergence termed the plasticity zone (PZ) has been hypothesized to contribute to the host specificity. To evaluate this hypothesis, lateral gene transfer was used to generate multiple hetero‐genomic strains that are predominately C. trachomatis but have replaced regions of the PZ with those from C. muridarum. In vitro analysis of these chimeras revealed C. trachomatis‐like growth as well as poor mouse infection capabilities. Growth‐independent cytotoxicity phenotypes have been ascribed to three large putative cytotoxins (LCT) encoded in the C. muridarum PZ. However, analysis of PZ chimeras supported that gene products other than the LCTs are responsible for cytopathic and cytotoxic phenotypes. Growth analysis of associated chimeras also led to the discovery of an inclusion protein, CTL0402 (CT147), and homolog TC0424, which was critical for the integrity of the inclusion and preventing apoptosis.
A group I WRKY transcription factor regulates mulberry mosaic dwarf‐associated virus‐triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Sun Shaoshuang , Ren Yanxiang , Wang Dongxue , Farooq Tahir , He Zifu , Zhang Chao , Li Shifang , Yang Xiuling , Zhou Xueping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGeminiviruses constitute the largest group of known plant viruses and cause devastating losses to a wide range of crops and woody plants globally. Mulberry mosaic dwarf‐associated virus (MMDaV), identified from Chinese mulberry trees via small RNA‐based deep sequencing, is a divergent monopartite geminivirus belonging to the genus Mulcrilevirus of the family Geminiviridae. Previous studies have shown that plants employ multiple layers of defence to protect themselves from geminivirus infection. The interplay between plant and MMDaV is nevertheless less studied. This study presents evidence that MMDaV triggers hypersensitive response (HR)‐mediated antiviral defence in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. We show that the RepA protein of MMDaV is engaged in HR‐type cell death induction. We find that the RepA mutants with compromised nuclear localization ability impair their capabilities of cell death induction. Virus‐induced gene silencing of the key components of the R protein‐mediated signalling pathway reveals that down‐regulation of the nucleus‐targeting NbWRKY1 alleviates the cell death induction activity of RepA. We further demonstrate that RepA up‐regulates the transcript level of NbWRKY1. Furthermore, expression of RepA in N. benthamiana confers plant resistance against two begomoviruses. We propose that plant resistance against RepA can be potentially used to improve plant defence against geminiviruses in crops.
Does quality of orthodontic treatment outcome influence post‐treatment stability? A retrospective study investigating short‐term stability 2 years after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and in the presence of fixed retainers
Authors: Gera Arwa , Gera Shadi , Cattaneo Paolo M. , Cornelis Marie A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate stability 2 years after orthodontic treatment and to investigate the influence of various pre‐treatment and post‐treatment prognostic factors on stability.Setting and Sample Population.Consecutive patients treated with full fixed appliance and retained with fixed retainers were retrospectively assessed for eligibility.Materials and MethodsDigital models were analysed at treatment start (T0), end of treatment (T1) and 2 years post‐treatment (T2). The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index, Little's Irregularity Index (LII), arch width and length, overjet, overbite and presence of unexpected post‐treatment changes were assessed. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to model the relationship of all outcomes with several prognostics simultaneously.ResultsThe sample consisted of 287 subjects (mean treatment time: 25.1 months, standard deviation [SD] 7.5; mean post‐treatment follow‐up: 27.5 months, SD 6.1) with a mean weighted PAR score of 29.5 (SD 8.6) at T0, 1.8 (SD 2.9) at T1 and 3.2 (SD 3.6) at T2. At T1, 95% of the subjects had a perfect LII versus 86% at T2. An increased LII at T1 correlated with increased LII and PAR changes from T1 to T2. PAR at T1 as well as overjet at T0 was a significant prognostic factor for PAR at T2. At T2, five cases (1.7%) showed unexpected post‐treatment changes related to fixed retainers.ConclusionShort‐term post‐treatment stability with fixed retainers was very good. Prognostic factors for stability included LII and PAR at T1, suggesting that high‐quality treatment outcome in the presence of fixed retainers may ensure post‐treatment stability.
Selective deep lobe parotidectomy via retroauricular hairline (Roh's) incision for deep lobe parotid pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Roh Jong‐Lyel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveDeep lobe parotid tumour is commonly removed with the covering superficial lobe of parotid gland. Total or subtotal parotidectomy leads to an increase in surgical morbidity. This study evaluated recurrence and function after selective deep lobe parotidectomy via retroauricular hairline (Roh's) incision for pleomorphic adenoma.Materials and methodsTwenty‐eight patients with deep lobe parotid pleomorphic adenomas underwent selective deep lobe parotidectomy with preservation of the superficial lobe and the facial lobe via Roh's incision. Each patient was evaluated with any complications, cosmetic and salivary functions and local recurrence.ResultsSuperficial lobe‐preserving surgery via Roh's incision was successfully applied to all patients without injury to the facial nerve and the Stensen's duct for a median operation time of 65 min. Facial nerve paralysis was found only temporarily in 9 (32%) patients, and other complications were minimal. None of the patients had postoperative Frey's syndrome. Salivary secretory function in the operated side was well preserved. No recurrence was found in the patients for a median follow‐up of 94 months.ConclusionsSelective deep lobe parotidectomy via Roh's incision is a reliable option of treatment for deep lobe parotid pleomorphic adenoma.
Case report of a challenging medium‐sized congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN): Highlighting a role for reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) for evaluating changing CMN in children
Authors: Haefliger Stefanie , Guitera Pascale , Melhoranse Gouveia Bruna , Colebatch Andrew J. , Scolyer Richard A. , Rtshiladze Michael , Martin Linda K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 3.5‐month‐old boy presented with a changing medium‐sized congenital melanocytic nevus on his leg. Due to atypical features on dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), an excision of the area of concern was performed. Histopathology showed many of the pathological features usually associated with a diagnosis of melanoma in situ in older patients, but due to the young age of the patient, absence of mitoses, and the degree of atypia, a diagnosis of a dysplastic compound nevus arising in a congenital compound (predominantly dermal) nevus was favored. In our case, RCM corresponded to histopathology helped target the area of concern and map the clinical and subclinical components to facilitate an optimal biopsy.
Immediate response of Chara braunii exposed to zinc and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Herbst Anne , Ranawakage Viraj , Asaeda Takashi , Schubert Hendrik 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYThe immediate effect of zinc (Zn) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Chara braunii was analyzed in short‐time exposure experiments. The exposure concentrations were 12.3, 18.4, and 24.5 μmol L−1 H2O2, 12, 60, and 120 mg L−1 Zn, and 12.3 μmol L−1 H2O2 + 12 mg L−1 Zn, 12.3 μmol L−1 H2O2 + 60 mg L−1 Zn, and 18.4 μmol L−1 H2O2 + 12 mg L−1 Zn. The stress response of C. braunii was analyzed by measuring photosynthetic photosystem II activity, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid contents, the H2O2 concentration, and antioxidant enzyme activities of ascorbic peroxidase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase. The short‐term addition of Zn reduced pigment contents in C. braunii. Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid contents in H2O2‐exposed C. braunii were as high as in control plants. Photosynthesis was reduced in H2O2‐treated C. braunii and the short‐term addition of Zn did not affect the electron transport rate. H2O2 concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities in C. braunii were not significantly different between control and exposed plants. Trends of enzymatic adaptation were described: the H2O2‐induced stress response was characterized by increased antioxidant enzyme activities, whereas Zn inactivated catalase in C. braunii.
Black monument matters: Place‐based commemoration and abolitionist memory work
Authors: Moulton Alex A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDiscrete monuments remain in the domain of the symbolic, land as mnemonic shifts to a more materialist commemorative praxis. This paper proposes a turn toward land as mnemonic of Black freedom struggle and place‐making. Reviewing the scholarship on memoryscapes, I show that the critical insights of Black ecologies and geographies scholarship has moved further than traditional scholarship and offers multiple openings for new monuments and commemorative practices in honor of Black life. Black socio‐ecologies scholarship centralizes the place‐based epistemologies, spatial histories, and experiences of Black communities and clarifies the form and function of land or plots as mnemonics of the Black freedom struggle, place‐making practices, and spatial epistemologies. Black plots are, therefore, ideal for orienting a new mode of Black commemoration. While much of the paper centers monuments to Black people, if Black commemoration is foregrounded in abolitionists thinking and practices, such memorialization must grapple with the histories of Indigenous dispossession and settler‐colonialism. The paper concludes with a consideration of what the argument for land as mnemonic of Black freedom struggle and place‐making might mean for future avenues of research.
Phrase Embedding and Clustering for Sub-Feature Extraction From Online Data
Authors: Park Seyoung , Kim Harrison M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recently, online user-generated data have been used as an efficient resource for customer analysis. In the product design area, various methods for analyzing customer preference for product features have been suggested. However, most of them focused on feature categories rather than product components which are crucial in practical applications. To address that limitation, this paper proposes a new methodology for extracting sub-features from online data. First, the method detects phrases in the data and filtered them using product manual documents. The filtered phrases are embedded into vectors, and then they are divided into several groups by two clustering methods. The resulting clusters are labeled by analyzing items in each cluster. Finally, cue phrases for sub-features are obtained by selecting clusters with labels representing product features. The proposed methodology was tested on smartphone review data. The result provides feature clusters containing sub-feature phrases with high accuracy. The obtained cue phrases will be used in analyzing customer preferences for sub-features and this can help product designers determine the optimal component configuration in embodiment design.
A Reliability-Based Formulation for Simulation-Based Control Co-Design Using Generalized Polynomial Chaos Expansion
Authors: Behtash Mohammad , Alexander-Ramos Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Combined plant and control design (control co-design (CCD)) methods are often used during product development to address the synergistic coupling between the plant and control parts of a dynamic system. Recently, a few studies have started applying CCD to stochastic dynamic systems. In their most rigorous approach, reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) principles have been used to ensure solution feasibility under uncertainty. However, since existing reliability-based CCD (RBCCD) algorithms use all-at-once formulations, only most-probable-point (MPP) methods can be used as reliability analysis techniques. Though effective for linear/quadratic RBCCD problems, the use of such methods for highly nonlinear RBCCD problems introduces solution error that could lead to system failure. A multidisciplinary feasible (MDF) formulation for RBCCD problems would eliminate this issue by removing the dynamic equality constraints and instead enforcing them through forward simulation. Since the RBCCD problem structure would be similar to traditional RBDO problems, any of the well-established reliability analysis methods could be used. Therefore, in this work, a novel reliability-based MDF formulation of multidisciplinary dynamic system design optimization has been proposed for RBCCD. To quantify the uncertainty propagated by the random decision variables, Monte Carlo simulation has been applied to the generalized polynomial chaos expansion of the probabilistic constraints. The proposed formulation is applied to two engineering test problems, with the results indicating the effectiveness of both the overall formulation as well as the reliability analysis technique for RBCCD.
Influence of Intake Pipe Deflection Angle on In-Cylinder Flow and Combustion Characteristics of a Rotary Engine
Authors: Deng Xiwen , Feng Zhan , Lei Jilin , Liu Yi , Jia Dewen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Intake pipe design is important for rotary engine performance due to great influence on in-cylinder flow and combustion characteristics. This paper analyzes the effect of intake pipe deflection angle on the performance of a gasoline rotary engine. In the parametric study, the intake pipe is deflected from the left to the right with a 10 deg interval and the maximum deflection range of 30 deg at each side. A computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation model of the rotary engine is established. The simulation results show that when the intake pipe is deflected to the left from the original design, the engine volumetric efficiency first increases and then decreases with an increasing deflection angle. During ignition, the turbulent kinetic energies in the cylinder increase with an increasing deflection angle. When the intake pipe is deflected to the left by 30 deg, the turbulent kinetic energy is increased by 85.9% compared to the original design. The peak cylinder pressures first increase and then decrease with an increasing deflection angle. When the intake pipe is deflected by 10 deg to the left, the peak cylinder pressure is 9.3% higher than that of the original design. The maximum NOx emission can be increased by 4.8% and the minimum NOx emission can be decreased by 13.3%. It is found that deflecting the intake pipe to the left enhances the tumble effect and increases the combustion velocity. Overall, deflecting the intake pipe to the right is less effective than deflecting to the left. This analysis provides a comprehensive understanding on intake pipe design for rotary engines.
A Grinding-Burnishing Approach to Enhancing Surface Integrity, Tribological, and Corrosion Behavior of Laser-Cladded AISI 431 Alloys
Authors: Uddin Mohammad , Santifoller Remi , Hall Colin , Schlaefer Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the influence of the grinding-burnishing on surface integrity and corrosion performance of the laser-cladded AISI 431 alloys. As-cladded specimens were first ground followed by ball burnishing. To evaluate surface alteration and performance enhancement, six major properties were measured and analyzed in terms of surface roughness, porosity, microhardness, wear, and impact and corrosion resistance. Results showed that grinding-burnishing significantly improved the surface finish by lowering Ra and Rz by up to 29% and 41%, respectively, compared with grinding. Surface porosity was found to decrease by 18%. Maximum surface microhardness increased by 32% when grinding-burnishing, with a modified depth of up to 250 µm, while wear resistance in terms of volume loss increased by up to 38%. Because of hardness improvement, the grinding-burnishing increased the impact resistance by lowering the maximum indent depth by 29%. The corrosion resistance improved by increasing positive corrosion potential from −0.31 V (grinding) to −0.21 V (grinding-burnishing) and lowering corrosion current density from 1.18 × 10−3 A.cm−2 (for grinding) to 2.1 × 10−5 A.cm−2 (grinding-burnishing). Burnishing further induced grain modification in terms of grain deformation and flattening within microstructure, but no grain refinement was observed. XRD results however showed lattice deformation indicating potential compressive residual stress generated by burnishing. Overall, it is imperative to say that the combined grinding-burnishing can be a viable surface modification technique to extend functional service life of the laser-cladded components.
Vibration-Based Fault Diagnosis of Helical Gear Pair With Tooth Surface Wear Considering Time-Varying Friction Coefficient Under Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Condition
Authors: Wang Siyu , Zhu Rupeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on “slice method,” the improved time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) calculation model of helical gear pair with tooth surface wear is proposed, in which the effect of friction force that obtained under mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is considered in the model. Based on the improved TVMS calculation model, the dynamic model of helical gear system is established, then the influence of tooth wear parameters on the dynamic response is studied. The results illustrate that the varying reduction extents of mesh stiffness along tooth profile under tooth surface wear, in addition, the dynamic response in time-domain and frequency-domain present significant decline in amplitude under deteriorating wear condition.
Post-Processing Deflectometry Grid Images Using Particle Image Velocimetry Analysis
Authors: O’Donoughue Patrick , Robin Olivier , Rouard Kevin , Le Bot Alain , Berry Alain 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeflectometry is a full-field optical technique for surface slope measurement based on recording the deformation of a grid image. A hybrid method is explored in which the grid images from a deflectometry measurement are processed using a particle image velocimetry analysis tool. The hybrid approach is compared to a common phase shifting algorithm for grid images based on a windowed discrete Fourier transform. The resulting slope maps compare well with those identified using the spatial phase shifting procedure. While the traditional phase shifting method has a tuning requirement that limits the optical setup to configurations that produce an integer number of pixels per grid period in the image, the use of particle image velocimetry analysis omits this calibration step. The applicability of an existing turnkey tool to perform full-field vibration imaging using deflectometry can benefit to research concerning mechanical vibration and related experimental methods.
Damage Detection of CFRP Pipes and Ladder Structure by Using Localized Flexibility Method
Authors: Aoki Yoshio , Shoji Akiko , Byon O-Il 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents modal-based structural damage detection. Specifically, we focus on localized flexibility properties that can be deduced from the experimentally determined global flexibility matrix. We present the underlying theory that can be viewed a generalized flexibility formulation in three different generalized coordinates, viz., localized or substructural displacement-basis, elemental deformation-basis and element strain-basis. Then, the present methods are applied to a CFRP pipes and shells having interior damage and the numerical and experimental results show that the elemental strain-basis method is quite useful for detecting the inside damage of the CFRP filament winding pipes.
Sliding Mode Control for the Vibration Suppression of an Inflatable Torus Using Smart Materials
Authors: Jha Akhilesh , Kim Myung-Hyun , Leo Donald J. , Inman Daniel J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A toroidal structure is an important part of many space-based inflatable structure designs. In this work, we have tried to control the vibration of an inflated torus by means of PVDF actuators and sensors using analytical methods. We present an analytical solution of the free transverse vibration problem of the torus under internal pressure. Then piezoelectric film (PVDF) patches, attached to the surface of the torus, are modeled as uators and sensors, and the control problem is formulated in state space. A controller is designed using sliding mode control technique, which provides robust vibration control performance in the presence of modeling error and parameter variations. The performance of the compensator is found to be satisfactory suggesting that smart materials can be successfully used in controlling inflatable toroidal space structures.