bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of A‐site atom on static corrosion behavior and irradiation damage of Ti2SC phases
Authors: Chen Ke , Wang Xudong , Zhang Jianning , Ding Haoming , Li Youbing , Song Yujie , Ge Fangfang , Zhou Xiaobing , Du Shiyu , Huang Qing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMAX phases are a large family of damage‐tolerant structural materials for the nuclear energy industry. The anti‐corrosive property to the tritium fluoride (TF) produced by the neutron irradiation of FLiBe is an issue for the MAX phases applied to the molten salt reactors (MSRs). Herein, the Ti2SC phase was used for the first time to evaluate the corrosion resistance to the concentrated hydrofluoric acid as the simulated service condition. The comprehensive characterizations including weight‐loss curves, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were employed to analyze the corrosion behavior and mechanism of Ti2SC in comparison with Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2. The good intrinsic anti‐corrosive property of Ti2SC was originated from the strong Ti‐S bond. Considering the acceptable preliminary performance at low displacement per atom (dpa), the Ti2SC probably has a potential to be used as the structural material in the MSRs.
Influence of hypertension classification on hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage location
Authors: Shen Jun , Guo FengBao , Yang Peng , Xu Feng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe authors sought to explore whether hypertension classification was risk factor for lobar and non‐lobar hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) and the prognosis in patients with hematoma. This retrospective cohort study was conducted on HICH patients admitted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Observations with first‐ever intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were recruited. The authors divided the brain image into three groups according to the location of ICH to predict whether there were significant differences between lobar and non‐lobar ICH. A Mann‐Whitney U test was used and this retrospective trial also compared the operation and mortality rates. Our cohort included 209 patients (73.7% male; median age:60.5±16.7). The overall incidence of lobar HICH was less than non‐lobar HICH (24.4% vs. 68.4%), 7.2% cases of mixed HICH was included in this analysis. In a Mann‐Whitney U test analyze, it indicated that there were significant differences in hypertension classification between lobar and non‐lobar HICH (Z = ‐3.3, p<.05). And the percentage of hematoma in lobar areas with relatively slightly high blood pressure (BP) (high normal and grade 1 hypertension) accounts for 52.9% versus 30.1% in non‐lobar areas. The increasing trends of the prevalent rate of lobar ICH with BP rising were not remarkable. The non‐lobar HICH showed a sharper increase in the condition of grade 3 hypertension compared with lobar HICH. During the period of research, the fatality of lobar hemorrhage was 2.9% versus 7.7% (non‐lobar). Besides, the fatality incidence of HICH with relatively slightly high BP (high normal and grade 1 hypertension) was lower than poorly controlled hypertensive patients (grade 2 and grade 3 hypertension). (8.0% vs. 15.7%). The increase of hypertension classification will aggravate the occurrence of non‐lobar ICH and positively corrected with BP, but not in lobar areas. It is essential to understand the distinction influence of hypertension classification between lobar and non‐lobar ICH.
Celecoxib reduces hepatic vascular resistance in portal hypertension by amelioration of endothelial oxidative stress
Authors: Tai Yang , Zhao Chong , Zhang Linhao , Tang Shihang , Jia Xintong , Tong Huan , Liu Rui , Tang Chengwei , Gao Jinhang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe balance between endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) activation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is very important for NO homeostasis in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Overexpression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), a major intravascular source of ROS production, has been observed in LSECs of cirrhotic liver. However, the links between low NO bioavailability and COX‐2 overexpression in LSECs are unknown. This study has confirmed the link between low NO bioavailability and COX‐2 overexpression by COX‐2‐dependent PGE2‐EP2‐ERK1/2‐NOX1/NOX4 signalling pathway in LSECs in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the regulation of COX‐2‐independent LKB1‐AMPK‐NRF2‐HO‐1 signalling pathway on NO homeostasis in LSECs was also elucidated. The combinative effects of celecoxib on diminishment of ROS via COX‐2‐dependent and COX‐2‐independent signalling pathways greatly decreased NO scavenging. As a result, LSECs capillarisation was reduced, and endothelial dysfunction was corrected. Furthermore, portal hypertension of cirrhotic liver was ameliorated with substantial decreasing hepatic vascular resistance and great increase of portal blood flow. With the advance understanding of the mechanisms of LSECs protection, celecoxib may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Structure, rheology, and tribology of date fruit paste procured from different date palm cultivars
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Tayyab , Safdar Bushra , Jatoi Mushtaque Ahmed , Solangi Najamuddin , Wali Asif , Ali Nawazish , Liu Kunlun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDate paste is an intermediate food product from date palm fruit containing valuable nutrients having a great potential as sugar substitute or filler in various food formulations. The study aimed to investigate the physicochemical, rheological, tribological, structural, and thermal characteristics of date paste prepared from five cultivars of date palm (Aseel, Muzawati, Dhakki, Rabai, and Karbalain). Dynamic rheological analysis demonstrated viscoelastic nature of all samples. The elastic modulus (G′) was higher than viscous modulus (G″) for all samples, indicating gel‐like nature. All samples showed the typical Stribeck tribological curves, wherein the friction coefficient in the boundary regime in Dhakki, Muzawati, and Rabai pastes were higher than Karbalain and Aseel samples. The friction coefficient was reduced at mixed regime, enhancing lubrication by prevention of surface contact. Endothermic peaks were observed for all samples wherein peak temperature ranged between 138.49 and 154.13°C. The microstructure properties of date paste samples were similar except Muzawati paste.Practical applicationsRecently, there has been a renewed interest in the date palm fruit in order to make better use of off‐grade fruit as a component in various food preparations such as health foods, baking products, and confectionery. Date paste (processing waste) can be used as alternative to sugar for making several food recipes like cakes, desserts, sweets, biscuits, soups, sauces, and so on. Date paste can also be used in salad dressing to add a distinctive sweet taste. Spread date paste simply on toast or swirl it into morning oatmeal or consume it individually in breakfast to gain more energy during the whole day. It is a preferred ingredient for different diets, such as vegan and paleo diets. The current study describes comprehensive information regarding the rheological behavior, textural, tribological, and phytochemical nature of date fruit paste of top commercial cultivars of date palm from Pakistan. The obtained data may provide a general guideline when considering the use of date paste from different cultivars in food products.
Family relationships and the interpersonal theory of suicide in a clinically suicidal sample of adolescents
Authors: Hunt Quintin A. , Krauthamer Ewing E. Stephanie , Weiler Lindsey M. , Ogbaselase Feven A. , Mendenhall Tai , McGuire Jenifer K. , Monet Morgan , Kobak Roger , Diamond Guy S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a sample of suicidal adolescents (N = 117), we sought to identify how adolescents' attachment to their parents related to a key mechanism of suicide from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS). We tested both attachment‐anxiety and attachment‐avoidance, to both mother‐ and father‐figures as correlates of the IPTS construct, perceived burdensomeness (PB). In addition, we tested PB as a mediator between these attachment variables and adolescent suicide ideation in a path analysis. Our path analysis indicated both mother‐ and father‐related attachment anxiety were associated with PB and PB was related to suicide ideation. We also found an indirect effect of father‐related attachment anxiety on suicide ideation. This study provides empirical support for earlier systemic work that proposes how family relationships may influence an adolescent's suicidal ideation. Finally, we provide practical clinical suggestions for how therapists may implement a systemic framework to address a suicidal adolescent and their family relationships.
The composite link between technological change and employment: A survey of the literature
Authors: Mondolo Jasmine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe role played by technological change in employment trends has long been debated and investigated, but the evidence has proven to be inconclusive. This paper aims to shed light on this topic by critically reviewing a broad and heterogeneous body of literature on the employment implications of technical progress. To this purpose, it briefly discusses the main theories and models that underpin the empirical analysis and reviews the literature following two main criteria, namely, the proxy for technological change and the level of analysis. It also accounts for the effect of technical progress on both overall employment and on distinct occupational, educational and demographic groups. Particular attention is devoted to the results of some very recent studies that attempt to unfold the impact of complex automation technologies, especially robots, and to provide a preliminary account of the evolution, distribution, challenges and potential of Artificial Intelligence.
Age and chronotype influenced sleep timing changes during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bottary Ryan , Fields Eric C. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. , Cunningham Tony J. 
Published: October 2021

SummarySocial restrictions necessary to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) profoundly changed how we socialised, worked and, for students, attended classes. Interestingly, significant sleep pattern shifts occurred in the context of pandemic‐related social restrictions. Whether age and chronotype influenced these sleep pattern changes remains poorly understood. In this pre‐registered (https://osf.io/4a3fx), web‐based study, United States residents reported, in one‐time assessments, demographic information, self‐reported chronotype using the reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire, and pre‐pandemic and pandemic first wave sleep timing using the Ultrashort Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Participants reported sleep phase delays, reduced social jetlag (SJL) and reduced social sleep restriction (SSR) during the first wave of the pandemic compared to pre‐pandemic. Pandemic‐related changes in SJL and SSR varied with participants’ age and self‐reported chronotype. Young adults reported the greatest reductions in SJL and young adults and individuals with evening chronotypes reported the greatest reductions in SSR. We conclude that these groups may have been the most vulnerable to social–biological sleep timing desynchrony under pre‐pandemic social, occupational, and educational schedules.
Association of genetic variations with NAFLD in lean individuals
Authors: Lin Huapeng , Wong Grace L.‐H. , Whatling Carl , Chan Anthony W.‐H. , Leung Howard H.‐W. , Tse Chi‐Hang , Shu Sally S.‐T. , Chim Angel M.‐L. , Lai Jimmy C.‐T. , Yip Terry C.‐F. , Wong Vincent W.‐S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsHow adiposity influences the effect of genetic variants on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Asian population remains unclear. We aimed to study the association between genetic risk variants and susceptibility/severity of NAFLD in the lean, overweight and obese individuals.MethodsNine hundred and four community subjects underwent proton‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transient elastography examination. Lean (<23 kg/m2), overweight (23‐24.9 kg/m2) and obesity (≥25 kg/m2) were defined according to the body mass index cut‐offs for Asians. NAFLD was defined as intrahepatic triglycerides ≥5%. PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7 and 9 other gene polymorphisms were analysed by rhAMPTM SNP assays.ResultsFive hundred and twenty‐nine (58.5%), 162 (17.9%) and 213 (23.6%) subjects were lean, overweight and obese, respectively. The prevalence of NAFLD was 12.4%, 41.4% and 59.1% in the three groups (P < .001). Amongst those with NAFLD, lean subjects (30.3%) were more likely to carry the PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype than overweight (17.9%) and obese subjects (17.4%) (P = .003). Compared with the CC genotype, the GG genotype was associated with the greatest increase in the risk of NAFLD in lean subjects (odds ratio [OR] 6.04), compared with overweight (OR 3.43, 95% CI [1.06, 11.14]) and obese subjects (OR 2.51, 95% CI [0.93, 6.78]). Additionally, the TM6SF2 rs58542926 TT genotype was associated with reduced serum triglycerides only in lean subjects. A gene‐BMI effect was not observed for the other gene polymorphisms.ConclusionsThe PNPLA3 rs738409 gene polymorphism has a greater effect on liver fat in Asian lean individuals than in overweight or obese ones.
Drought reduces water uptake in beech from the drying topsoil, but no compensatory uptake occurs from deeper soil layers
Authors: Gessler Arthur , Bächli Lukas , Rouholahnejad Freund Elham , Treydte Kerstin , Schaub Marcus , Haeni Matthias , Weiler Markus , Seeger Stefan , Marshall John , Hug Christian , Zweifel Roman , Hagedorn Frank , Rigling Andreas , Saurer Matthias , Meusburger Katrin 
Published: October 2021

Summary

The intensity and frequency of droughts events are projected to increase in future with expected adverse effects for forests. Thus, information on the dynamics of tree water uptake from different soil layers during and after drought is crucial.

We applied an in situ water isotopologue monitoring system to determine the oxygen isotope composition in soil and xylem water of European beech with a 2‐h resolution together with measurements of soil water content, transpiration and tree water deficit. Using a Bayesian isotope mixing model, we inferred the relative and absolute contribution of water from four different soil layers to tree water use.

Beech took up more than 50% of its water from the uppermost 5 cm soil layer at the beginning of the 2018 drought, but then reduced absolute water uptake from the drying topsoil by 84%. The trees were not able to quantitatively compensate for restricted topsoil water availability by additional uptake from deeper soil layers, which is related to the fine root depth distribution. Absolute water uptake from the topsoil was restored to pre‐drought levels within 3 wk after rewetting.

These uptake patterns help to explain both the drought sensitivity of beech and its high recovery potential after drought release.
UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase enhances rice survival at high temperature
Authors: Xia Saisai , Liu He , Cui Yuanjiang , Yu Haiping , Rao Yuchun , Yan Yuping , Zeng Dali , Hu Jiang , Zhang Guangheng , Gao Zhenyu , Zhu Li , Shen Lan , Zhang Qiang , Li Qing , Dong Guojun , Guo Longbiao , Qian Qian , Ren Deyong 
Published: October 2021

Summary

High‐temperature stress inhibits normal cellular processes and results in abnormal growth and development in plants. However, the mechanisms by which rice (Oryza sativa) copes with high temperature are not yet fully understood.

In this study, we identified a rice high temperature enhanced lesion spots 1 (hes1) mutant, which displayed larger and more dense necrotic spots under high temperature conditions. HES1 encoded a UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, which had UGPase enzymatic activity. RNA sequencing analysis showed that photosystem‐related genes were differentially expressed in the hes1 mutant at different temperatures, indicating that HES1 plays essential roles in maintaining chloroplast function. HES1 expression was induced under high temperature conditions.

Furthermore, loss‐of‐function of HES1 affected heat shock factor expression and its mutation exhibited greater vulnerability to high temperature. Several experiments revealed that higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species occurred in the hes1 mutant at high temperature. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and comet experiments indicated that the hes1 underwent more severe DNA damage at high temperature. The determination of chlorophyll content and chloroplast ultrastructure showed that more severe photosystem defects occurred in the hes1 mutant under high temperature conditions.

This study reveals that HES1 plays a key role in adaptation to high‐temperature stress in rice.
Correlations between allocation to foliar phosphorus fractions and maintenance of photosynthetic integrity in six mangrove populations as affected by chilling
Authors: Yan Li , Sunoj V. S. John , Short Aidan W. , Lambers Hans , Elsheery Nabil I. , Kajita Tadashi , Wee Alison K. S. , Cao Kun‐Fang 
Published: October 2021

SummaryChilling restrains the distribution of mangroves. We tested whether foliar phosphorus (P) fractions and gene expression are associated with cold tolerance in mangrove species.We exposed seedlings of six mangrove populations from different latitudes to favorable, chilling and recovery treatments, and measured their foliar P concentrations and fractions, photochemistry, nighttime respiration, and gene expression.AKandelia obovata(KO; 26.45°N) population completely and aBruguiera gymnorhiza(Guangxi) (BGG; 21.50°N) population partially (30%) survived chilling.Avicennia marina(24.29°N), and otherB. gymnorhiza(26.66°N, 24.40°N, and 19.62°N) populations died after chilling. Photosystems of KO and photosystem I of BGG were least injured. During chilling, leaf P fractions, except nucleic acid P in three populations, declined and photoinhibition and nighttime respiration increased in all populations, with the greatest impact inB. gymnorhiza. Leaf nucleic acid P was positively correlated with photochemical efficiency during recovery and nighttime respiration across populations for each treatment.Relatively high concentrations of nucleic acid P and metabolite P were associated with stronger chilling tolerance in KO.Bruguiera gymnorhizaexhibited relatively low concentrations of organic P in favorable and chilling conditions, but its partially survived population showed stronger compensation in nucleic acid P and Pi concentrations and gene expression during recovery.
Pro tem rationality
Authors: Staffel Julia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEpistemologists routinely distinguish between two kinds of justification or rationality – the propositional and the doxastic kind – in order to characterize importantly different ways in which an attitude can be justified or rational for a person. I argue that these notions, as they are commonly understood, are well suited to capture rationality judgments about the attitudes that agents reach asconclusionsof their reasoning. Yet, these notions are ill‐suited to capture rationality judgments about attitudes that agents form while their reasoning is still in progress. In fact, we currently lack any suitable theory of rationality that lets us capture the ways in which we evaluate the rationality of suchtransitionalattitudes, even though they are ubiquitous. I propose to capture these rationality judgments by introducing a new notion of rationality that is orthogonal to the propositional/doxastic distinction, which I callpro tem rationality. This new notion can be integrated with both traditional and formal ways of characterizing rationality or justification. It can be used to enlighten debates about logical and empirical learning, higher‐order evidence, and the epistemology of philosophy, among others.
Effect of zinc imbalance and salicylic acid co‐supply on Arabidopsis response to fungal pathogens with different lifestyles
Authors: Quaglia M. , Troni E. , D’Amato R. , Ederli L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

In higher plants, Zn nutritional imbalance can affect growth, physiology and response to stress, with effect variable depending on host–pathogen interaction. Mechanisms through which Zn operates are not yet well known. The hormone salicylic acid (SA) can affect plant ion uptake, transport and defence responses. Thus, in this study the impact of Zn imbalance and SA co‐supply on severity of infection with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B. cinerea or the biotroph G. cichoracearum was assessed in A. thaliana Col‐0.

Spectrophotometric assays for pigments and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as a marker of lipid peroxidation, plant defensin 1.2 gene expression by semi‐quantitative PCR, callose visualization by fluorescence microscopy and diseases evaluation by macro‐ and microscopic observations were carried out.

Zinc plant concentration varied with the supplied dose. In comparison with the control, Zn‐deficit or Zn‐excess led to reduced chlorophyll content and PDF 1.2 transcripts induction. In Zn‐deficient plants, where MDA increased, also the susceptibility to B. cinerea increased, whereas MDA decreased in G. cichoracearum. Zinc excess increased susceptibility to both pathogens. Co‐administration of SA positively affected MDA level, callose deposition, PDF 1.2 transcripts and plant response to the two pathogens.

The increased susceptibility to B. cinerea in both Zn‐deficient and Zn‐excess plants could be related to lack of induction of PDF 1.2 transcripts; oxidative stress could explain higher susceptibility to the necrotroph and lower susceptibility to the biotroph in Zn‐deficient plants. This research shows that an appropriate evaluation of Zn supply according to the prevalent stress factor is desirable for plants.
Resumption of ovarian activity following removal of a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant in queens
Authors: Ferré‐Dolcet L. , Ferro S. , Contiero B. , Andretta F. , Cattai A. , Fontaine C. , Romagnoli S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDeslorelin implants are widely used in felines. Due to their prolonged duration cat breeders frequently request early implant removal. The interval between deslorelin implant removal and resumption of ovarian function in queens is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interval between the removal of a deslorelin implant and the resumption of ovarian activity in adult queens. Twenty‐three queens were treated with a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant placed in the periumbilical area. In the 16 queens completing the study implants were surgically removed at 3, 6 or 9 months (n = 6, 4 and 6 queens, respectively). Queens received a GnRH stimulation test as part of their pre‐treatment general and reproductive health check. Following implantation treatment, all queens in inter‐oestrus–anoestrus at the time of treatment came in oestrus within 2–5 days. Starting 7–14 days following implant removal queens were checked every 1–2 weeks with reproductive ultrasonography, a vaginal smear and blood collection. The interval to resumption of ovarian function ranged from 3 to 7 weeks irrespective of treatment length and age of the queen but was longer when the implant was removed at decreasing photoperiod (p < .05). In conclusion, at least 3 weeks post‐removal are needed during increasing photoperiod to achieve follicular development and oestrogen production sufficient to support oestrous behaviour in queens following removal of a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant, while this time may increase up to 7 weeks during decreasing photoperiod. Further studies are needed to assess the interval between removal of a deslorelin implant and occurrence of ovulation as well as fertility at the first oestrus after a deslorelin treatment.