bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of Neptune’s Distant Resonances in the Presence of Planet Nine
Authors: Clement Matthew S. , Sheppard Scott S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) in the scattered disk with 50 ≲ a ≲ 100 au are thought to cluster near Neptune’s n:1 resonances (e.g., 3:1, 4:1, and so on). While these objects spend lengthy periods of time at large heliocentric distances, if their perihelia remain less than around 40 au, their dynamical evolution is still largely coupled to Neptune’s. Conversely, around a dozen extreme TNOs with a ≳ 250 au and detached perihelia seem to exist in a regime where they are too distant to be affected by the giant planets and too close for their dynamics to be governed by external forces. Recent work suggests that the apparent alignment of these orbits in physical space is a signature of gravitational shepherding by a distant massive planet. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of TNOs in each of Neptune’s n:1 resonances between the 3:1 and 14:1. We conclude that both resonant and nonresonant objects beyond the 12:1 near ∼157 au are removed rather efficiently via perturbations from the hypothetical Planet Nine. Additionally, we uncover a population of simulated TNOs with a ≲ 100 au, 40 ≲ q ≲ 45 au, and low inclinations that experience episodes of resonant interactions with both Neptune and Planet Nine. Finally, we simulate the evolution of observed objects with a > 100 au and identify several TNOs that are potentially locked in n:1 resonances with Neptune, including the most distant known resonant candidates, 2014 JW80 and 2014 OS394,which appear to be in the 10:1 and 11:1 resonances, respectively. Our results suggest that the detection of similar remote objects might provide a useful constraint on hypotheses invoking the existence of additional distant planets.
The Gaia-ASAS-SN Classical Cepheid Sample. I. Sample Selection
Authors: Inno Laura , Rix Hans-Walter , Stanek K. Z. , Jayasinghe T. , Poggio E. , Drimmel R. , Rotundi A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present a well-defined and characterized all-sky sample of classical Cepheids in the Milky Way, obtained by combining two time-domain all-sky surveys: Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration et al. 2018) and All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN; Shappee et al. 2014). We first use parallax and variability information from Gaia to select ∼30,000 bright (G < 17) Cepheid candidates with M

K
< − 1. We then analyze their ASAS-SN V-band light curves, determining periods and classifying the light curves using their Fourier parameters. This results in ∼1900 likely Galactic Cepheids, which we estimate to be ≳90% complete and pure within our adopted selection criteria. This is the largest all-sky sample of Milky Way Cepheids that has such a well-characterized selection function, needed for population modeling and for systematic spectroscopic follow-up foreseen with Sloan Digital Sky Survey-V. About 130 of these potential Cepheids have not been documented in the literature even as possible candidates.
Two-component Magnetic Field along the Line of Sight to the Perseus Molecular Cloud: Contribution of the Foreground Taurus Molecular Cloud
Authors: Doi Yasuo , Hasegawa Tetsuo , Bastien Pierre , Tahani Mehrnoosh , Arzoumanian Doris , Coudé Simon , Matsumura Masafumi , Sadavoy Sarah , Hull Charles L. H. , Shimajiri Yoshito , Furuya Ray S. , Johnstone Doug , Plume Rene , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Kwon Jungmi , Tamura Motohide 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Optical stellar polarimetry in the Perseus molecular cloud direction is known to show a fully mixed bimodal distribution of position angles across the cloud. We study the Gaia trigonometric distances to each of these stars and reveal that the two components in position angles trace two different dust clouds along the line of sight. One component, which shows a polarization angle of −37.°6 ± 35.°2 and a higher polarization fraction of 2.0 ± 1.7 %, primarily traces the Perseus molecular cloud at a distance of 300 pc. The other component, which shows a polarization angle of +66.°8 ± 19.°1 and a lower polarization fraction of 0.8 ± 0.6 %, traces a foreground cloud at a distance of 150 pc. The foreground cloud is faint, with a maximum visual extinction of ≤1 mag. We identify that foreground cloud as the outer edge of the Taurus molecular cloud. Between the Perseus and Taurus molecular clouds, we identify a lower-density ellipsoidal dust cavity with a size of 100–160 pc. This dust cavity is located at l = 170°, b = −20°, and d = 240 pc, which corresponds to an HI shell generally associated with the Per OB2 association. The two-component polarization signature observed toward the Perseus molecular cloud can therefore be explained by a combination of the plane-of-sky orientations of the magnetic field both at the front and at the back of this dust cavity.
The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Limits on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Galaxies within 500 Mpc
Authors: Arzoumanian Zaven , Baker Paul T. , Brazier Adam , Brook Paul R. , Burke-Spolaor Sarah , Becsy Bence , Charisi Maria , Chatterjee Shami , Cordes James M. , Cornish Neil J. , Crawford Fronefield , Cromartie H. Thankful , DeCesar Megan E. , Demorest Paul B. , Dolch Timothy , Elliott Rodney D. , Ellis Justin A. , Ferrara Elizabeth C. , Fonseca Emmanuel , Garver-Daniels Nathan , Gentile Peter A. , Good Deborah C. , Hazboun Jeffrey S. , Islo Kristina , Jennings Ross J. , Jones Megan L. , Kaiser Andrew R. , Kaplan David L. , Kelley Luke Zoltan , Key Joey Shapiro , Lam Michael T. , Lazio T. Joseph W. , Luo Jing , Lynch Ryan S. , Ma Chung-Pei , Madison Dustin R. , McLaughlin Maura A. , Mingarelli Chiara M. F. , Ng Cherry , Nice David J. , Pennucci Timothy T. , Pol Nihan S. , Ransom Scott M. , Ray Paul S. , Shapiro-Albert Brent J. , Siemens Xavier , Simon Joseph , Spiewak Renée , Stairs Ingrid H. , Stinebring Daniel R. , Stovall Kevin , Swiggum Joseph K. , Taylor Stephen R. , Vallisneri Michele , Vigeland Sarah J. , Witt Caitlin A. ,   The NANOGrav Collaboration
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) should form frequently in galactic nuclei as a result of galaxy mergers. At subparsec separations, binaries become strong sources of low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs), targeted by Pulsar Timing Arrays. We used recent upper limits on continuous GWs from the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) 11 yr data set to place constraints on putative SMBHBs in nearby massive galaxies. We compiled a comprehensive catalog of ∼44,000 galaxies in the local universe (up to redshift ∼0.05) and populated them with hypothetical binaries, assuming that the total mass of the binary is equal to the SMBH mass derived from global scaling relations. Assuming circular equal-mass binaries emitting at NANOGrav’s most sensitive frequency of 8 nHz, we found that 216 galaxies are within NANOGrav’s sensitivity volume. We ranked the potential SMBHBs based on GW detectability by calculating the total signal-to-noise ratio such binaries would induce within the NANOGrav array. We placed constraints on the chirp mass and mass ratio of the 216 hypothetical binaries. For 19 galaxies, only very unequal-mass binaries are allowed, with the mass of the secondary less than 10% that of the primary, roughly comparable to constraints on an SMBHB in the Milky Way. However, we demonstrated that the (typically large) uncertainties in the mass measurements can weaken the upper limits on the chirp mass. Additionally, we were able to exclude binaries delivered by major mergers (mass ratio of at least 1/4) for several of these galaxies. We also derived the first limit on the density of binaries delivered by major mergers purely based on GW data.
A Bayesian ILC Method for CMB B-mode Posterior Estimation and Reconstruction of Primordial Gravity Wave Signal
Authors: Yadav Sarvesh Kumar , Saha Rajib 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation B-mode polarization signal contains the unique signature of primordial metric perturbations produced during the inflation. The separation of the weak CMB B-mode signal from strong foreground contamination in observed maps is a complex task, and proposed new-generation low-noise satellite missions compete with the weak signal level of this gravitational background. In this paper, for the first time, we employ a foreground model-independent internal linear combination (ILC) method to reconstruct the CMB B-mode signal using simulated observations over large angular scales of the sky of six frequency bands of the future-generation CMB mission Probe of Inflation and Cosmic Origins (PICO). We estimate the joint CMB B-mode posterior density following the interleaving Gibbs steps of the B-mode angular power spectrum and cleaned map samples using the ILC method. We extend and improve the earlier reported Bayesian ILC method to analyze weak CMB B-mode reconstruction by introducing noise-bias corrections at two stages during the ILC weight estimation. By performing 200 Monte Carlo simulations of the Bayesian ILC method, we find that our method can reconstruct the CMB signals and the joint posterior density accurately over large angular scales of the sky. We estimate the Blackwell–Rao statistics of the marginal density of the CMB B-mode angular power spectrum and use them to estimate the joint density of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r and a lensing power spectrum amplitude

A

lens

. Using 200 Monte Carlo simulations of the delensing approach, we find that our method can achieve an unbiased detection of the primordial gravitational-wave signal r with more than 8σ significance for levels of

r
≥
0.01

for input frequency maps with realistic lensing and foregrounds with constant spectral indices.
Cloudy in the Microcalorimeter Era: Improved Energies for Si and S Kα Fluorescence Lines
Authors: Camilloni Francesco , Bianchi Stefano , Amato Roberta , Ferland Gary , Grinberg Victoria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The upcoming X-ray missions based on the microcalorimeter technology require exquisite precision in spectral simulation codes in order to match the unprecedented spectral resolution. In this work, we improve the fluorescence Kα energies for Si ii–xi and S ii–xiii in the code Cloudy. In particular, we provide here a patch to update the Cloudy fluorescence energy table, originally based on Kaastra & Mewe, with the laboratory energies measured by Hell et al. The new Cloudy simulations were used to model the Chandra/HETG spectra of the High Mass X-ray Binary Vela X-1, showing a remarkable agreement and a dramatic improvement with respect to the current release version of Cloudy (C17.02).
Usage des technologies et investigation en mathématiques : quels contrats didactiques possibles ?
Authors: Gueudet Ghislaine , Lebaud Marie-Pierre 
Published: June 2021

Mettre en œuvre des démarches d’investigation peut être interprété, avec les outils de la didactique des mathématiques, comme faire vivre en classe un contrat didactique qui laisse aux élèves une responsabilité importante vis-à-vis du savoir en jeu et de l’avancée de ce savoir. Le recours à certains outils logiciels peut-il contribuer à l’établissement d’un tel contrat ? Sous quelles conditions, portant sur les situations mathématiques abordées, sur le rôle du professeur, sur la place des technologies ? Dans cet article, nous discutons ces questions en nous appuyant sur des projets de recherche concernant l’enseignement des mathématiques dans le secondaire. Nous analysons le partage de responsabilités entre le professeur et les élèves selon trois dimensions : la formulation de questions initiales ; la production de réponses ; l’avancée du savoir dans la classe.
Démarche d’investigation et explication au collège
Authors: Morselli Francesca , Panucci Elisabetta , Testera Monica 
Published: June 2021

Nous présentons une méthode mise en œuvre en Italie à propos de la démarche d’investigation (DI) au collège. Nous souhaitons, à travers cet article, contribuer au débat issu du groupe de travail « La démarche d’investigation dans la classe de mathématiques : fondements et pratiques » (Matheron, Morselli, René de Cotret, Schneider, 2012) notamment en ce qui concerne les questions suivantes : caractériser les typologies de questions à poser et les responsabilités des acteurs (enseignant, élèves, chercheurs).Tout d’abord, la DI est insérée dans le contexte de l’institution scolaire italienne. Nous présentons ensuite un cas spécial de DI, c’est-à-dire la Démarche d’investigation et explication, mise en œuvre dans le contexte d’un projet qui vise à la formation professionnelle des enseignants « pour et à travers » la mise en place de la DI. Nous présentons quelques repères théoriques qui sont à la base de la Démarche d’investigation et explication, notamment les fonctions de l’explication et les dimensions de la rationalité selon Habermas. Ces repères théoriques sont la référence pour la conception et gestion des séquences d’apprentissage. Cela est montré à travers l’analyse d’épisodes issus d’une séquence d’apprentissage au sujet des rectangles isopérimétriques.
Ni bon, ni mauvais. L’élève entre-deux en lecture écriture à l’école primaire
Authors: Peigné Yolande 
Published: June 2021

Les élèves ni bons, ni mauvais interpellent ma pratique de professeur des écoles dans l’apprentissage de la langue écrite. Ces élèves aux résultats fluctuants passent inaperçus au cours des années de scolarité de l’école primaire mais ne vont-ils pas aller grossir les statistiques des mauvais résultats en lecture-écriture à la sortie du collège ou à la Journée Défense Citoyenneté ? Les élèves obtenant, en CE1 et en CM2, entre vingt-quatre et trente-six bonnes réponses sur soixante aux évaluations nationales de 2009 et 2012 sont nommés entre-deux. Afin de caractériser leur profil de lecteur-scripteur, trois éléments méthodologiques sont proposés : des entretiens avec leurs enseignants, une analyse de leurs réponses dans les livrets d’évaluation à l’aide du modèle systémique et développemental et un entretien avec ces mêmes élèves afin de percevoir la mise en place de leur raisonnement. Les résultats obtenus dépassent le modèle choisi et font glisser la recherche vers des hypothèses de fonctionnement autour de la mémoire en lien avec une gestion différente du temps scolaire.
Meningeal B Cell Clusters Correlate with Submeningeal Pathology in a Natural Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Church Molly E , Ceja Guadalupe , McGeehan Megan , Miller Miles C , Farias Priscilla , Sánchez Melissa D , Swain Gary P , Assenmacher Charles-Antoine , Stopa Edward G , Vite Charles H , Bar-Or Amit , Alvarez Jorge I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an idiopathic demyelinating disease in which meningeal inflammation correlates with accelerated disease progression. The study of meningeal inflammation in MS has been limited because of constrained access to MS brain/spinal cord specimens and the lack of experimental models recapitulating progressive MS. Unlike induced models, a spontaneously occurring model would offer a unique opportunity to understand MS immunopathogenesis and provide a compelling framework for translational research. We propose granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) as a natural model to study neuropathological aspects of MS. GME is an idiopathic, progressive neuroinflammatory disease of young dogs with a female bias. In the GME cases examined in this study, the meninges displayed focal and disseminated leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging, which correlated with heavy leptomeningeal lymphocytic infiltration. These leptomeningeal infiltrates resembled tertiary lymphoid organs containing large B cell clusters that included few proliferating Ki67+ cells, plasma cells, follicular dendritic/reticular cells, and germinal center B cell–like cells. These B cell collections were confined in a specialized network of collagen fibers associated with the expression of the lympho-organogenic chemokines CXCL13 and CCL21. Although neuroparenchymal perivascular infiltrates contained B cells, they lacked the immune signature of aggregates in the meningeal compartment. Finally, meningeal B cell accumulation correlated significantly with cortical demyelination reflecting neuropathological similarities to MS. Hence, during chronic neuroinflammation, the meningeal microenvironment sustains B cell accumulation that is accompanied by underlying neuroparenchymal injury, indicating GME as a novel, naturally occurring model to study compartmentalized neuroinflammation and the associated pathology thought to contribute to progressive MS.
CXCR5+CD8+ T Cells: A Review of Their Antibody Regulatory Functions and Clinical Correlations
Authors: Elzein Steven M. , Zimmerer Jason M. , Han Jing L. , Ringwald Bryce A. , Bumgardner Ginny L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
CD8+ T cells have conventionally been studied in relationship to pathogen or tumor clearance. Recent reports have identified novel functions of CXCR5+CD8+ T cells that can home to lymphoid follicles, a key site of Ab production. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of conflicting reports regarding the impact of CXCR5+CD8+ T cells on Ab production and examine the data supporting a role for Ab enhancement (B cell helper) and Ab downregulation (Ab-suppressor) by CXCR5+CD8+ T cell subsets. CXCR5+CD8+ T cell molecular phenotypes are associated with CD8-mediated effector functions, including distinct subsets that regulate Ab responses. Coinhibitory molecule PD-1, among others, distinguishes CXCR5+CD8+ T cell subsets. We also provide, to our knowledge, the first in-depth review of human CXCR5+CD8+ T cells in the context of clinical outcomes and discuss the potential utility of monitoring the quantity of peripheral blood or tissue infiltrating CXCR5+CD8+ T cells as a prognostic tool in multiple disease states.
Comparison of Ambu AuraGain at low cuff pressure, Ambu AuraGain at high cuff pressure and i-gel in relation to incidence of postoperative upper airway complications
Authors: Deepak G P , Kumar Rakesh , Agarwal Munisha , Bharadwaj Manoj , Kumar Neera G. , Sarma Riniki 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims:
Postoperative upper airway complications are frequently encountered with the use of supraglottic airway devices (SADs). Cuff pressure is one of the risk factors for upper airway complications with SADs. Among SADs, i-gel has shown lesser incidence. The effect of different cuff pressures on the incidence of postoperative upper airway complications is not known with Ambu AuraGain and nor has Ambu AuraGain been compared with i-gel in this regard. So, we undertook this study.

Methods:
A total of 200 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery were randomised into 3 groups based on the SAD used and intra-cuff pressure: i-gel (IG) (n = 66); Ambu AuraGain at 25 cmH2O cuff pressure (AL) (n = 67); and Ambu AuraGain at 60 cmH2O cuff pressure (AH) (n = 67). The oropharyngeal leak pressures (OLPs) were measured after insertion and generation of carboperitoneum. An observer who was blind to the intraoperative details assessed the patients for two postoperative days for sore throat, dysphagia, dysphonia, or any other upper airway complications.

Results:
The OLPs before and after carboperitoneum in the 3 groups were (IG-24.22 ± 7.87 and 28.31 ± 8.52, AL-24.40 ± 5.84 and 26.94 ± 5.93, AH-25.02 ± 5.02 and 28.91 ± 5.6) cmH2O (P = 0.747 and P = 0.231). The overall incidence of postoperative sore throat among the 3 groups was: IG-5.7%, AL-14.9%, and AH-17.9%; P = 0.135. Dysphagia was seen only with Ambu AuraGain at high pressure in 4 patients (5.97%) (P = 0.017).

Conclusion:
Limiting cuff pressure in Ambu AuraGain to 25, as against 60 cmH2O, does not affect the OLP but has the potential of reducing the incidence of dysphagia.
Reported Barriers to Healthcare Access and Service Disruptions Caused by COVID-19 in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Nigeria: A Telephone Survey
Authors: Assefa Nega , Sié Ali , Wang Dongqing , Korte Michelle L. , Hemler Elena C. , Abdullahi Yasir Y. , Lankoande Bruno , Millogo Ourohiré , Chukwu Angela , Workneh Firehiwot , Kanki Phyllis , Baernighausen Till , Berhane Yemane , Fawzi Wafaie W. , Oduola Ayoade 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have short-term and long-term impacts on health services across sub-Saharan African countries. A telephone survey in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Nigeria was conducted to assess the effects of the pandemic on healthcare services from the perspectives of healthcare providers (HCPs) and community members. A total of 900 HCPs (300 from each country) and 1,797 adult community members (approximately 600 from each country) participated in the study. Adjusted risk ratios (ARRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using modified Poisson regression. According to the HCPs, more than half (56%) of essential health services were affected. Child health services and HIV/surgical/other services had a slightly higher percentage of interruption (33%) compared with maternal health services (31%). A total of 21.8%, 19.3%, and 7.7% of the community members reported that their family members and themselves had difficulty accessing childcare services, maternal health, and other health services, respectively. Nurses had a lower risk of reporting high service interruptions than physicians (ARR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.56–0.95). HCPs at private facilities (ARR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59–0.84) had a lower risk of reporting high service interruptions than those at governmental facilities. Health services in Nigeria were more likely to be interrupted than those in Burkina Faso (ARR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19–1.59). Health authorities should work with multiple stakeholders to ensure routine health services and identify novel and adaptive approaches to recover referral services, medical care, maternal and child health, family planning, immunization and health promotion, and prevention during the COVID-19 era.
COVID-19 Knowledge, Perception, Preventive Measures, Stigma, and Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers in Three Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Phone Survey
Authors: Assefa Nega , Soura Abdramane , Hemler Elena C. , Korte Michelle L. , Wang Dongqing , Abdullahi Yasir Y. , Lankoande Bruno , Millogo Ourohiré , Chukwu Angela , Workneh Firehiwot , Sie Ali , Berhane Yemane , Baernighausen Till , Oduola Ayoade , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented public health crisis globally. Understanding healthcare providers’ (HCPs’) knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19 is crucial to identifying effective strategies to improve their ability to respond to the pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa. A phone-based survey of 900 HCPs in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Nigeria (300 per country) was conducted to assess knowledge, perceptions, COVID-19 prevention measures, stigma, and mental health of HCPs. Modified Poisson regression models were used to evaluate predictors of knowledge, perceptions, and prevention measures; adjusted risk ratios (ARRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Three-fourths of the HCPs had adequate knowledge, and over half had correct perceptions of risk and high levels of self-reported prevention measures. The majority of the HCPs (73.7%) reported self-perceived social stigma. There was relatively low prevalence of depression (6.6%), anxiety (6.6%), or psychological distress (18%). Compared with doctors, being a nurse was associated with lower levels of knowledge (ARR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.77–0.90) and was also negatively associated with having correct perceptions toward COVID-19 (AOR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73–0.92). HCPs treating COVID-19 patients had higher likelihood of having high levels of prevention measures (AOR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.23–1.53). Despite high levels of knowledge among HCPs in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a need to improve COVID-19 perceptions and compliance with prevention measures as well as address social stigma toward HCPs to better ensure their safety and prepare them to deliver health services.