bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wood‐Derived Integral Air Electrode for Enhanced Interfacial Electrocatalysis in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Cui Xingyu , Liu Yanyan , Han Guosheng , Cao Mengmeng , Han Lei , Zhou Benji , Mehdi Sehrish , Wu Xianli , Li Baojun , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZinc–air batteries (ZABs) are promising as energy storage devices owing to their high energy density and the safety of electrolytes. Construction of abundant triple‐phase boundary (TPB) effectively facilitates cathode reactions occurring at TPB. Herein, a wood‐derived integral air electrode containing Co/CoO nanoparticles and nitrogen‐doped carbonized wood (Co/CoO@NWC) is constructed with a dual catalytic function. The potential gap between oxygen reduction and evolution is shortened to 0.77 V. Liquid ZABs using Co/CoO@NWC as cathode exhibit high discharge specific capacity (800 mAh gZn−1), low charge–discharge gap (0.84 V), and long‐term cycling stability (270 h). Co/CoO@NWC also shows distinguished catalytic activity and stability in all‐solid‐state ZABs. The inherent layered porous and pipe structures of wood are well maintained in catalytically active carbon. The different hydrophilicity of carbonized wood and Co/CoO endow abundant TPBs for battery reaction. The Co/CoO located on TPB provides main active sites for oxygen reactions. The inherent pipe structures of wood carbon and the interaction between Co/CoO and NWC effectively prevent nanoparticles from aggregation. The design and preparation of this monolithic electrocatalyst contribute to the broad‐scale application of ZABs and promote the development of next‐generation biomass‐based storage devices.
Comparative study of geometrical properties and simplified preliminary design procedure for concrete arch bridges
Authors: Tibaldo Giulia , Molner Luciano , Todisco Leonardo , Corres Peiretti Hugo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper first presents a comprehensive database of 58 (specifically, 38 roadway and 20 railway) concrete arch bridges built in Spain during the last century. The collected information includes geometrical and mechanical data to define the main relations among different parameters and to identify specific trends. In addition, this information has been combined with data collected by other authors to compare results with other worldwide bridges with similar features. In summary, 112 concrete arch bridges covering a span range from 12 to 384 meters have been used to investigate relations of a variety of parameters such as flatness, arch and girder depths, bending stiffness, slenderness, effective slab thickness and dimensionless axial forces. Finally, based on this study, a data‐drive simplified procedure for the preliminary design of such bridges is proposed.
Persons with dementia and informal caregivers prioritizing care: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Wammes Joost D. , Labrie Nanon H. M. , Agogo George O. , Monin Joan K. , de Bekker‐Grob Esther W. , MacNeil Vroomen Janet L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionMore persons with dementia are residing in the community as many countries shift from residential care to home and community care. Although there are many forms of care and support available to avoid crisis situations and prolong community living, it remains unclear how these are valued by community‐dwelling persons with dementia and their informal caregivers. Understanding perspectives of persons with dementia and informal caregivers on care characteristics is a vital step in valuing care services. This study aims to prioritize care characteristics for community‐dwelling persons with dementia and informal caregivers with the use of an innovative mixed‐methods approach.MethodsSix mixed focus groups were conducted in The Netherlands with persons with dementia (n = 23) and informal caregivers (n = 20), including a quantitative ranking exercise that prioritized seven care and support characteristics from "most important" to "least important," followed by a group discussion about the prioritization. Audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe ranking exercise and discussion showed that persons with dementia favored in‐home care, help with daily activities, and social activities, whereas informal caregivers favored social activities, information about dementia, navigating the health care system, and emotional support.DiscussionPersons with dementia prioritized day‐to‐day activities, whereas informal caregivers preferred assistance with organizing care and coping with caregiving. This study created a method to capture the care preferences of persons with dementia and informal caregivers.
Management of severe, progressive oral papillomatosis in a dog with CO2 laser ablation and canine papillomavirus L1 immunisation
Authors: Rich Naomi , Duclos David , Yuan Hang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 1.5‐year‐old, male intact Basset Hound presented with a 2‐month history of rapidly progressing oral papillomatosis. The dog exhibited ptyalism, oral pain, difficulty in prehending food and a strong malodor from the oral cavity. The dog was unresponsive to oral azithromycin and injectable interferon therapy. The dog was treated with laser ablation of the lesions every 2–4 weeks and received 10 doses of a canine papillomavirus type 1 (CPV1) L1 virus‐like particle vaccine every 14 days for 20 weeks. At the end of the 14 weeks, the recurrence of oral lesions had slowed significantly with minimal papillomas remaining in the oral cavity. Eight weeks later a final laser ablation surgery was performed to remove a small number of recrudescent papillomas. Two weeks later the dog had no oral lesions. Long‐term follow‐up was not possible as the dog was euthanised due to the emergence of a B cell lymphoproliferative disease and subsequent decline. The presence of an immune suppressive neoplasia may help to explain the development of severe, refractory oral papillomatosis in a young dog.
Unified emergence of energy scales and cosmic inflation
Authors: Kubo Jisuke , Kuntz Jeffrey , Lindner Manfred , Rezacek Jonas , Saake Philipp , Trautner Andreas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the quest for unification of the Standard Model with gravity, classical scale invariance can be utilized to dynamically generate the Planck mass MPl. However, the relation of Planck scale physics to the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking μH requires further explanation. In this paper, we propose a model that uses the spontaneous breaking of scale invariance in the scalar sector as a unified origin for dynamical generation of both scales. Using the Gildener-Weinberg approximation, only one scalar acquires a vacuum expectation value of υS ∼ (1016−17) GeV, thus radiatively generating $$ {M}_{\mathrm{P}1}\approx {\beta}_S^{1/2}{\upsilon}_S $$

M

P
1

≈

β
S

1
/
2

υ
S

and μH via the neutrino option with right handed neutrino masses mN = yMυS ∼ 107 GeV. Consequently, active SM neutrinos are given a mass with the inclusion of a type-I seesaw mechanism. Furthermore, we adopt an unbroken Z2 symmetry and a Z2-odd set of right-handed Majorana neutrinos χ that do not take part in the neutrino option and are able to produce the correct dark matter relic abundance (dominantly) via inflaton decay. The model also describes cosmic inflation and the inflationary CMB observables are predicted to interpolate between those of R2 and linear chaotic inflationary model and are thus well within the strongest experimental constraints.
Entanglement harvesting in the presence of a reflecting boundary
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Zhang Jialin , Yu Hongwei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study, in the framework of the entanglement harvesting protocol, the entanglement harvesting of both a pair of inertial and uniformly accelerated detectors locally interacting with vacuum massless scalar fields subjected to a perfectly reflecting plane boundary. We find that the presence of the boundary generally degrades the harvested entanglement when two detectors are very close to the boundary. However, when the distance between detectors and the boundary becomes comparable to the interaction duration parameter, the amount of the harvested entanglement approaches a peak, which even goes beyond that without a boundary. Remarkably, the parameter space of the detectors’ separation and the magnitude of acceleration that allows entanglement harvesting to occur is enlarged due to the presence of the boundary. In this sense, the boundary plays a double-edged role on entanglement harvesting, degrading in general the harvested entanglement while enlarging the entanglement harvesting-achievable parameter space. A comparison of three different acceleration scenarios of the detectors with respect to the boundary, i.e., parallel, anti-parallel and mutually perpendicular acceleration, shows that the phenomenon of entanglement harvesting crucially depends on the acceleration, the separation between two detectors and the detectors’ distance from the boundary.
LayOpt: an educational web-app for truss layout optimization
Authors: Fairclough Helen E. , He Linwei , Pritchard Thomas J. , Gilbert Matthew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new interactive truss layout optimization web-app has been developed for educational use. This has been designed to be used on a range of devices, from mobile phones to desktop PCs. Truss designs are first generated via numerical layout optimization and then rationalized via geometry optimization. It is then shown that these designs can be simplified using a computationally inexpensive process that allows the user to control the trade-off between complexity and structural volume. The process involves the use of smooth Heaviside representations of member existence variables, with nodal slack forces employed that allow unstable intermediate truss structures. Full details of the web-app are provided in this contribution, from underlying formulation to cloud computing implementation. A range of numerical examples are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the web-app, and to show how it can potentially be used in educational and practical engineering settings.
Minimal graft site morbidity using autogenous semitendinosus graft from the uninjured leg: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: von Essen Christoffer , McCallum Sebastian , Eriksson Karl , Barenius Björn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To quantify the effect on strength of semitendinosus (ST) graft harvest by comparing isokinetic and isometric muscle strength.

Methods
A cohort of 140 patients underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) and were randomized to ipsilateral or contralateral ST graft harvest. Isokinetic and isometric muscle strength testing using a dynamometer were collected for the operated and non-operated leg. Patients were assessed pre-surgery and at 6, 12 and 24 months after reconstruction.

Results
ST graft harvest reduced isokinetic flexion muscle strength for 6 months. At 12 months follow up there was no significant difference between the two groups and they were all stronger than pre-injury. No other significant differences were found in any primary or secondary outcome measurements.

Conclusion
Solitary ST graft harvest does not appear to result in a permanent reduced isometric or isokinetic quadriceps muscle strength on the side where the graft is harvested. A reduction in hamstring muscle strength of less than 10% can be seen at short-term follow-up with full recovery by 12 months. Most patients report little or no donor site pain. Given these findings, ST autograft is an alternative graft choice that could be used for various reconstructions in terms of donor site morbidity.

Level of evidence
Level II.
The EU chemicals strategy for sustainability: in support of the BfR position
Authors: Barile Frank A. , Berry Sir Colin , Blaauboer Bas , Boobis Alan , Bolt Herrmann M. , Borgert Christopher , Dekant Wolfgang , Dietrich Daniel , Domingo Jose L. , Galli Corrado L. , Gori Gio Batta , Greim Helmut , Hengstler Jan G. , Heslop-Harrison Pat , Kacew Sam , Marquardt Hans , Mally Angela , Pelkonen Olavi , Savolainen Kai , Testai Emanuela , Tsatsakis Aristides , Vermeulen Nico P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe EU chemicals strategy for sustainability (CSS) asserts that both human health and the environment are presently threatened and that further regulation is necessary. In a recent Guest Editorial, members of the German competent authority for risk assessment, the BfR, raised concerns about the scientific justification for this strategy. The complexity and interdependence of the networks of regulation of chemical substances have ensured that public health and wellbeing in the EU have continuously improved. A continuous process of improvement in consumer protection is clearly desirable but any initiative directed towards this objective must be based on scientific knowledge. It must not confound risk with other factors in determining policy. This conclusion is fully supported in the present Commentary including the request to improve both, data collection and the time-consuming and bureaucratic procedures that delay the publication of regulations.
Cost‐Benefit Analysis of an Enhanced Recovery Program for Gastrectomy A Retrospective Controlled Analysis
Authors: Luzuy‐Guarnero Valentine , Gronnier Caroline , Figuereido Sergio , Mantziari Styliani , Schäfer Markus , Demartines Nicolas , Allemann Pierre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced recovery programs (ERP) demonstrated decreased postoperative complication rate and reduced length of stay (LOS). Recently, data on the financial impact revealed cost reduction for colorectal, liver and pancreatic surgery. The present study aimed to assess the cost‐effectiveness of ERP in gastric surgery.MethodsERP based on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society guidelines was implemented in our institution, in June 2014. Consecutive patients undergoing gastric surgery after ERP implementation (n = 71) were compared to a control group of consecutive patients operated before ERP implementation (n = 58). Primary endpoint was cost‐effectiveness including detailed perioperative costs. Secondary endpoints were postoperative complications and LOS. Standard statistical testing (means, Mann–Whitney Fisher's exact T test or Pearson Chi‐square test) was used.ResultsBoth groups were comparable regarding demographic details. Mean (SD) overall costs per patient were lower in the ERP group (€33,418 (17,901) vs €39,804 (27,288), P = 0.027). Lower costs were found for anesthesia and operating room (−€2 356), intensive or intermediate care (−€8 629), medication (−€1 196)), physiotherapy (−€611), laboratory (−€1 625)) and blood transfusion (−€977). Overall complication rates in ERP and control group (51% vs 62%, P = 0.176) were similar. Mean length of stay (SD) (14(13) days vs 17(11) days, P = 0.037) was shorter in the ERP group.ConclusionERP significantly reduces overall, preoperative and postoperative costs in patients undergoing major gastric surgery.
Inhibition and individual differences in behavior and emotional regulation in adolescence
Authors: Malagoli Chiara , Chiorri Carlo , Traverso Laura , Usai Maria Carmen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Impulsivity/Reflexivity issue in inhibitory control ability has seldom been investigated in terms of individual differences in typically developing populations. Although there is evidence of changes in executive functioning (EF), including inhibition, in adolescence, very little is known about the role of individual differences. Using the data from 240 14-to-19-year-old high school students who completed a battery of EF tasks (Flanker, Go No-Go, Antisaccade, and Stop signal task), measures of emotion regulation strategies and behavioral difficulties, we performed a latent profile analysis to identify qualitatively distinct score profiles. The results showed the existence in adolescence of two inhibition profiles, Impulsive vs Reflexive, differing in performances at the inhibition tasks. The two profiles were not associated with socio-demographic characteristics, or to psychological variables, such as behavioral characteristics and emotional regulation strategies.
Thermal-based early breast cancer detection using inception V3, inception V4 and modified inception MV4
Authors: Al Husaini Mohammed Abdulla Salim , Habaebi Mohamed Hadi , Gunawan Teddy Surya , Islam Md Rafiqul , Elsheikh Elfatih A. A. , Suliman F. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most significant causes of death for women around the world. Breast thermography supported by deep convolutional neural networks is expected to contribute significantly to early detection and facilitate treatment at an early stage. The goal of this study is to investigate the behavior of different recent deep learning methods for identifying breast disorders. To evaluate our proposal, we built classifiers based on deep convolutional neural networks modelling inception V3, inception V4, and a modified version of the latter called inception MV4. MV4 was introduced to maintain the computational cost across all layers by making the resultant number of features and the number of pixel positions equal. DMR database was used for these deep learning models in classifying thermal images of healthy and sick patients. A set of epochs 3–30 were used in conjunction with learning rates 1 × 10–3, 1 × 10–4and 1 × 10–5, Minibatch 10 and different optimization methods. The training results showed that inception V4 and MV4 with color images, a learning rate of 1 × 10–4, and SGDM optimization method, reached very high accuracy, verified through several experimental repetitions. With grayscale images, inception V3 outperforms V4 and MV4 by a considerable accuracy margin, for any optimization methods. In fact, the inception V3 (grayscale) performance is almost comparable to inception V4 and MV4 (color) performance but only after 20–30 epochs. inception MV4 achieved 7% faster classification response time compared to V4. The use of MV4 model is found to contribute to saving energy consumed and fluidity in arithmetic operations for the graphic processor. The results also indicate that increasing the number of layers may not necessarily be useful in improving the performance.
Surgical, histological, and immunohistochemical approach to spontaneous malignant mammary tumor in a fancy rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica): a case report
Authors: A. Tinelli , V. Cicirelli , N. Zizzo , A. Perillo , M. Caira , G. Aiudi G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA domestic rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) was presented to the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Bari “Aldo Moro” (Bari, Italy) for the presence of a progressive growing unilateral mass. The mass was completely surgically removed, and then histologically and immohistochemically evaluated. The lesion was diagnosed as mammary ductal carcinoma based on histopathological examination. Immunohistochemistry staining for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and proliferation marker Ki-67 were found to be positive. The rat was rechecked 3 months thereafter, with total body radiographs taken for metastatic assessment, and no macroscopic evidence of tumor recurrence was observed at the surgical site. Thus, the most effective weapon remains prevention, so owners should be advised to timely spay their pets to reduce the probability of mammary tumor appearance.
Toward data-driven solutions to interactive dynamic influence diagrams
Authors: Pan Yinghui , Tang Jing , Ma Biyang , Zeng Yifeng , Ming Zhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the availability of significant amount of data, data-driven decision making becomes an alternative way for solving complex multiagent decision problems. Instead of using domain knowledge to explicitly build decision models, the data-driven approach learns decisions (probably optimal ones) from available data. This removes the knowledge bottleneck in the traditional knowledge-driven decision making, which requires a strong support from domain experts. In this paper, we study data-driven decision making in the context of interactive dynamic influence diagrams (I-DIDs)—a general framework for multiagent sequential decision making under uncertainty. We propose a data-driven framework to solve the I-DIDs model and focus on learning the behavior of other agents in problem domains. The challenge is on learning a complete policy tree that will be embedded in the I-DIDs models due to limited data. We propose two new methods to develop complete policy trees for the other agents in the I-DIDs. The first method uses a simple clustering process, while the second one employs sophisticated statistical checks. We analyze the proposed algorithms in a theoretical way and experiment them over two problem domains.
Effects of Calcium and Aluminum on Particle Settling in an Oil Sands End Pit Lake
Authors: Wei Kai , Cossey Heidi L. , Ulrich Ania C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSurface mining of oil sands ore in Alberta, Canada has generated fluid fine tailings (FFT) that must be reclaimed. End pit lakes (EPLs), which consist of thick deposits of FFT capped with water, have been proposed for FFT reclamation, and Base Mine Lake (BML) is the first full-scale demonstration EPL. However, FFT particle settling and resuspension contributes to high turbidity in the BML water cap, which may be detrimental to the development of an aquatic ecosystem. This study investigated the effect of Ca and Al treatments on turbidity mitigation. The initial turbidity was reduced from 20 NTU to less than 2 NTU in BML surface water treated with 54 mg/L of Ca or 1.1 mg/L of Al. At a concentration of 1.1 mg/L, Al reduced the initial turbidity to a greater extent, and in a shorter time, than 54 mg/L of Ca. Further, resuspended Al-treated FFT particles were 100–700 nm larger in diameter, and thus resettled faster than the resuspended untreated or Ca-treated FFT particles. The final turbidity values 21 days after resuspension of untreated and 1.7 mg/L Al-treated FFT particles in fresh BML surface water were 20.5 NTU and 2.5 NTU, respectively. Thus, Al treatment may be effective in mitigating turbidity in BML through both Al-induced coagulation and self-weight settling of the resuspended Al-treated FFT particles.
Do alien predators pose a particular risk to duck nests in Northern Europe? Results from an artificial nest experiment
Authors: Holopainen Sari , Väänänen Veli-Matti , Vehkaoja Mia , Fox Anthony D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeveral alien predator species have spread widely in Europe during the last five decades and pose a potential enhanced risk to native nesting ducks and their eggs. Because predation is an important factor limiting Northern Hemisphere duck nest survival, we ask the question, do alien species increase the nest loss risk to ground nesting ducks? We created 418 artificial duck nests in low densities around inland waters in Finland and Denmark during 2017–2019 and monitored them for seven days after construction using wildlife cameras to record whether alien species visit and prey on the nests more often than native species. We sampled various duck breeding habitats from eutrophic agricultural lakes and wetlands to oligotrophic lakes and urban environments. The results differed between habitats and the two countries, which likely reflect the local population densities of the predator species. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), an alien species, was the most common mammalian nest visitor in all habitats and its occurrence reduced nest survival. Only in wetland habitats was the native red fox (Vulpes vulpes) an equally common nest visitor, where another alien species, the American mink (Neovison vison), also occurred among nest visitors. Although cautious about concluding too much from visitations to artificial nests, these results imply that duck breeding habitats in Northern Europe already support abundant and effective alien nest predators, whose relative frequency of visitation to artificial nests suggest that they potentially add to the nest predation risk to ducks over native predators.