bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Akutversorgung psychisch kranker Kinder und Jugendlicher: Eine Pilotstudie an 257 PatientInnen
Authors: Eichinger Teresa , Marte Elisabeth , Thun-Hohenstein Leonhard , Santner Franz , Plattner Belinda 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Nicht bewältigte Entwicklungsaufgaben, schwierige soziale Rahmenbedingungen, aber auch psychische Erkrankungen können in Krisen münden, die zu einer Akutvorstellung an der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie (KJP) führen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es eine repräsentative Inanspruchnahmepopulation akut vorstelliger Patienten zu untersuchen, um einen Überblick über die Nutzung des akutpsychiatrischen Angebotes in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie zu erhalten.

Methodik
Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Analyse der aus dem Ersteinschätzungsblatt und aus dem Krankenhaus internen Datenverarbeitungssystem erhobenen Daten. Untersucht wurden akut vorstellige Kinder und Jugendliche an Salzburgs einzigem Akutspital mit Unterbringungsbereich für diese Altersgruppe.

Ergebnisse
Von den 257 vorstelligen Patienten waren 53,7 % weiblich. Signifikant häufiger werden Jungen wegen externalisierender Symptome oder Außenfaktoren, Mädchen hingegen wegen suizidaler Symptome vorstellig. Zumeist bestehen die Symptome länger als eine Woche, bei einem Teil der Patienten sogar länger als 6 Monate. 51 % der Kinder und Jugendlichen wurden stationär aufgenommen, 43,2 % aller Vorgestellten nach Unterbringungsgesetz. Im Unterbringungsbereich betrug die Aufenthaltsdauer im Mittel drei Nächte.

Schlussfolgerung
Viele Kinder und Jugendliche zeigen bei Akutvorstellung eine chronifizierte Symptomatik. Suizidalität war ein häufiger Vorstellungsgrund, weshalb eine Unterbringung oftmals indiziert war. Die Erarbeitung von Akutkonzepten, insbesondere primäre, sekundäre und tertiäre Suizidprävention aber auch der Ausbau von niederschwelligen Anlaufstellen zeigen sich als wesentliche Zukunftsherausforderungen für die Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie in Österreich.
Disturbed families or families disturbed: a reconsideration
Authors: Giles Emma M. , Cross Anastasia S. , Matthews Rachel V. , Lacey J. Hubert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between anorexia nervosa (AN) and family disturbance has been a subject of debate since its first description. What began as a clear view of the pathologically disturbed family causing AN has become ever more complex over the decades.ObjectiveThe aim of this review is to explore the literature to examine the changes and evolution of clinical opinion around family dysfunction and AN over the last 20 years.MethodsA narrative review of heterogeneous studies in peer-reviewed publications sourced from the major databases, including PubMed and ScienceDirect, to illuminate the topic of family distress and AN by highlighting the conflicting and complementary ways it has been studied.ResultsThis review has highlighted the complexity of the relationship between anorectic sufferers and their families. It has explored the literature about parental burden, emotions and cognitive mechanisms together with parental attitudes about weight and shape. It is clear that there is no consistent psycho-social pathology in families which has been shown to be causative. However, over the last twenty years, research has highlighted the distress and family dysfunction caused by having to look after an anoretic child with poor mentalisation skills, insecure attachment and emotion dysregulation.ConclusionThe area has become clearer over the last 20 years; research suggests a bi-directional relationship between AN and family dysfunction, with difficult dynamics becoming entrenched within the family. This is best addressed, the consensus suggests, by specialist family therapy and carer skills interventions. Longitudinal research is needed to definitively answer the question with rigorous scientific certainty.EMB ratingLevel V.Level of evidenceLevel I: Evidence obtained from: at least one properly designed randomized controlled trials; systematic reviews and meta-analyses; experimental studies.Level II: Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.Level IV: Evidence obtained from with multiple time series analysis such as case studies. Dramatic results in uncontrolled trials might also be regarded as this type of evidence.Level V: Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
Conceptions of Learning and Teaching for Faculty Who Teach Basic Science
Authors: Carvalho Helena , Dane Francis C. , Whicker Shari A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Conceptions of learning and teaching refer to what faculty think about teaching effectiveness. Approaches to teaching refer to the methods they use to teach. Both conceptions and approaches range from student-centered/learning-focused (active learner engagement) to teaching-centered/content-focused (passive learner engagement). This study explored how faculty teaching experience influenced faculty conceptions and their approaches to teaching. The authors hypothesized that more experienced educators appreciate and apply active learning approaches.

Methods
The authors used a cross-sectional survey to collect anonymous data from the Basic Science faculty at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine (VTCSOM). The survey included the Conceptions of Learning and Teaching scale (COLT; Jacobs et al. 2012) and demographic information. They assessed instrument reliability with Cronbach’s alpha and examined relationships between variables with correlation and chi-square and group differences with ANOVA.

Results
Thirty-eight percent (50/130) of faculty responded to the survey. COLT scores for student-centered (4.06 ± 0.41) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than teacher-centered (3.12 ± 0.6). Teacher-centered scores were lower (p < 0.05) for younger (30–39, 2.65 ± 0.48) than older faculty (50–59, 3.57 ± 0.71) and were negatively correlated with using multiple teaching methods (p = 0.022). However, 83% (39/50) reported using both traditional lectures and active approaches.

Discussion
Faculty conceptions about teaching showed appreciation for active learning, but a tendency to use traditional teaching methods interspersed with student-centered ones. Teaching experience was not related to faculty conceptions but was related to their teaching approaches. The amount of time dedicated to teaching was related to the appreciation of active learning, and young teachers were more student-oriented.
Software-guided microscale flow calorimeter for efficient acquisition of thermokinetic data
Authors: Frede Timothy Aljoscha , Dietz Marlene , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFast chemical process development is inevitably linked to an optimized determination of thermokinetic data of chemical reactions. A miniaturized flow calorimeter enables increased sensitivity when examining small amounts of reactants in a short time compared to traditional batch equipment. Therefore, a methodology to determine optimal reaction conditions for calorimetric measurement experiments was developed and is presented in this contribution. Within the methodology, short-cut calculations are supplemented by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for a better representation of the hydrodynamics within the microreactor. This approach leads to the effective design of experiments. Unfavourable experimental conditions for kinetics experiments are determined in advance and therefore, need not to be considered during design of experiments. The methodology is tested for an instantaneous acid-base reaction. Good agreement of simulations was obtained with experimental data. Thus, the prediction of the hydrodynamics is enabled and the first steps towards a digital twin of the calorimeter are performed. The flow rates proposed by the methodology are tested for the determination of reaction enthalpy and showed that reasonable experimental settings resulted.
Graphical abstract
A methodology is suggested to evaluate optimal reaction conditions for efficientacquisition of kinetic data. The experimental design space is limited by thestepwise determination of important time scales based on specified input data.
Depression, antidepressants and fall risk: therapeutic dilemmas—a clinical review
Authors: van Poelgeest E. P. , Pronk A. C. , Rhebergen D. , van der Velde N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this clinical review was to summarize the existing knowledge on fall risk associated with antidepressant use in older adults, describe underlying mechanisms, and assist clinicians in decision-making with regard to (de-) prescribing antidepressants in older persons.

Methodology
We comprehensively examined the literature based on a literature search in Pubmed and Google Scholar, and identified additional relevant articles from reference lists, with an emphasis on the most commonly prescribed drugs in depression in geriatric patients. We discuss use of antidepressants, potential fall-related side effects, and deprescribing of antidepressants in older persons.

Results
Untreated depression and antidepressant use both contribute to fall risk. Antidepressants are equally effective, but differ in fall-related side effect profile. They contribute to (or cause) falling through orthostatic hypotension, sedation/impaired attention, hyponatremia, movement disorder and cardiac toxicity. Falling is an important driver of morbidity and mortality and, therefore, requires prevention. If clinical condition allows, withdrawal of antidepressants is recommended in fall-prone elderly persons. An important barrier is reluctance of prescribers to deprescribe antidepressants resulting from fear of withdrawal symptoms or disease relapse/recurrence, and the level of complexity of deprescribing antidepressants in older persons with multiple comorbidities and medications. Practical resources and algorithms are available that guide and assist clinicians in deprescribing antidepressants.

Conclusions
(De-) prescribing antidepressants in fall-prone older adults is often challenging, but detailed insight in fall-related side effect profile of the different antidepressants and a recently developed expert-based decision aid STOPPFalls assists prescribers in clinical decision-making.
Re-living a Common Future in the Face of Ecological Disaster: Exploring (Elements of) Guarani and Kaiowá Collective Memories, Political Imagination, and Critiques
Authors: Normann Susanne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow to re-member a fragmented world while climate change escalates, and green growth models reproduce coloniality, particularly in Indigenous territories? What can be the concrete contributions from different scholarly disciplines to a broader decolonial project? These questions are debated by decolonial scholars who call to re-think our practices within academic institutions and in the fields that we study. This article contributes with a decolonial perspective to sociocultural psychology and studies on Indigenous knowledges about climate change. Through ethnographic methods and individual and group interviews, I engage with indigenous Guarani and Kaiowá participants’ knowledges and practices of resilience opposing green growth models in the Brazilian state Mato Grosso do Sul. Their collective memory of a different past, enacted through narratives, rituals, and social practices, was fundamental to imagine different possible futures, which put in motion transformation processes. Their example opens a reflection about the possibilities in connecting sociocultural psychology’s work on collective memory and political imagination to the broader decolonial project, in supporting people’s processes of re-membering in contexts of adverse conditions caused by coloniality and ecological disaster.
Molecular characterization of bacteria and archaea in a bioaugmented zero-water exchange shrimp pond
Authors: Joseph Valsamma , Chellappan Geethu , Aparajitha S. , Ramya R. N. , Vrinda S. , Rejish Kumar V. J. , Bright Singh I. S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the zero-water exchange shrimp culture pond maintained with the application of indigenous bioaugmentor, low levels of total ammonia–nitrogen were reported, indicating the relevance of indigenous microbial communities. Sediments (0–5 cm layer) were sampled from the pond (85th day) and the bacterial and archaeal communities; specifically, the ammonia oxidizers (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea, and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria) in the sediment metagenome of the pond were analysed using the 16S rRNA and functional genes. Bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes showed the relative abundance of Delta-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes groups performing sulphur respiration and organic matter degradation, archaeal groups of anaerobic sulphur respiring Crenarchaeotae, and chemolithoautotrophic ammonia oxidizers belonging to Thaumarchaeota. The presence of these diverse bacterial and archaeal communities denotes their significant roles in the cycling the carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur thereby bringing out efficient bioremediation in the bioaugmented zero-water exchange shrimp culture pond. Similarly, the functional gene-specific study showed the predominance of Nitrosomonas sp. (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria), Nitrosopumilus maritimus (ammonia-oxidizing archaea), and Candidatus Kuenenia (anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria) in the system, which points to their importance in the removal of accumulated ammonia. Thus, this study paves the way for understanding the microbial communities, specifically the ammonia oxidizers responsible for maintaining healthy and optimal environmental conditions in the bioaugmented zero-water exchange shrimp culture pond.
Rigid automorphisms of linking systems
Authors: Glauberman George , Lynd Justin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A rigid automorphism of a linking system is an automorphism that restricts to the identity on the Sylow subgroup. A rigid inner automorphism is conjugation by an element in the center of the Sylow subgroup. At odd primes, it is known that each rigid automorphism of a centric linking system is inner. We prove that the group of rigid outer automorphisms of a linking system at the prime

$2$

is elementary abelian and that it splits over the subgroup of rigid inner automorphisms. In a second result, we show that if an automorphism of a finite group G restricts to the identity on the centric linking system for G, then it is of

$p'$

-order modulo the group of inner automorphisms, provided G has no nontrivial normal

$p'$

-subgroups. We present two applications of this last result, one to tame fusion systems.
The Curious Case of Carles Puigdemont—The European Arrest Warrant as an Inadequate Means with Regard to Political Offenses
Authors: König Julia , Meichelbeck Paulina , Puchta Miriam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn contrast to traditional extradition law, the political offense exemption has been abolished within the framework of the European Arrest Warrant (EAW). Notwithstanding its overall success, the EAW does not constitute an adequate instrument with regard to political offenses. In light of the recent case of the former Catalan President, Carles Puigdemont, the abolition has proven to be too hasty and the justificatory force behind the principles of mutual trust and recognition is, with respect hereto, rather limited. The damage caused to these principles by upholding the exemption would be negligible, given the small number of cases—Puigdemont being the first political offender requested under the aegis of the EAW. However, the potential benefits are substantial, given that the exemption provides for a higher level of human rights protection—analogous to the values of European Union (EU). Solely relying on the double criminality requirement in order to properly take into account the specificities of the Member States’ legal systems essentially positions the judges at the forefront of where mutual trust and constitutional identity collide. Moreover, the exemption prevents states from intervening in other states’ internal political conflicts, through the medium of criminal law.
Antimicrobial efficacy and durability of copper formulations over one year of hospital use
Authors: Bryce Elizabeth Ann , Velapatino Billie , Donnelly-Pierce Tysha , Khorami Hamed Akbari , Wong Titus , Dixon Richard , Asselin Edouard , McGeer Allison , Srigley Jocelyn A. , Katz Kevin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate 3 formulations of copper (Cu)-based self-sanitizing surfaces for antimicrobial efficacy and durability over 1 year in inpatient clinical areas and laboratories.Design:Randomized control trial.Setting:We assessed 3 copper formulations: (1) solid alloy 80% Cu–20% Ni (integral copper), (2) spray-on 80% Cu–20% Ni (spray-on) and (3) 16% composite copper-impregnated surface (CIS). In total, 480 coupons (1 cm2) of the 3 products and control surgical grade (AISI 316) stainless steel were inserted into gaskets and affixed to clinical carts used in patient care areas (including emergency and maternity units) and on microbiology laboratory bench work spaces (n = 240). The microbial burden and assessment of resistance to wear, corrosion, and material compatibility were determined every 3 months. Participants included 3 tertiary-care Canadian adult hospital and 1 pediatric-maternity hospital.Results:Copper formulations used on inpatient units statistically significantly reduced bacterial bioburden compared to stainless steel at months 3 and 6. Only the integral copper product had significantly less bacteria than stainless steel at month 12. No statistically significant differences were detected in microbial burden between copper formulations and stainless-steel coupons on microbiology laboratory benches where bacterial counts were low overall. All mass changes and corrosion rates of the formulations were acceptable by engineering standards.Conclusions:Copper surfaces vary in their antimicrobial efficacy after 1 year of hospital use. Frequency of cleaning and disinfection influence the impact of copper; the greatest reduction in microbial bioburden occurred in clinical areas compared to the microbiology laboratory where cleaning and disinfection were performed multiple times daily.
Post-conflict initiatives and the exclusion of conflict-affected young people in northern Uganda
Authors: Dixon Alina 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTYoung people are among the most severely impacted by conflict and as such many post-conflict initiatives are aimed at assisting them. Yet the impacts of these initiatives on young people's ability to successfully overcome the adversity they faced during conflict are not fully understood. This paper attempts to examine these impacts by conceptualising post-conflict initiatives as enmeshed within young people's social environments. It argues that post-conflict initiatives are intimately connected to broader processes of exclusion from social systems such as the family. While these systems had previously served to protect young people against adversity, conflict and post-conflict initiatives have disrupted their ability to continue this mission. In particular, the structure and function of the family system are examined to demonstrate the types of disruptions that have taken place that have ultimately negatively impacted the landscape in which young people develop.
Intimate crimes: heroin and the rise of amaphara in South Africa
Authors: Hunter Mark 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe term ‘amaphara’, possibly derived from ‘parasites’, burst into South African public culture in the 2010s to refer to petty thieves addicted to a heroin-based drug locally called whoonga/nyaope. Drawing on ethnography and media sources to interrogate the rise of ‘amaphara’, this paper argues that South Africa's heroin epidemic magnifies the attention – criticism but also sympathy – directed toward marginalised black men who have few prospects for social mobility. It locates amaphara in the national context where drug policy is largely punitive and youth unemployment rates are painfully high, but gives particular attention to families’ and communities’ experiences with intimate crimes, especially petty thefts. It further shows that amaphara is a contested term: heroin users are brothers, sons and grandchildren and they gain most of their income not from crime but by undertaking useful piece work in communities.
The Pentecostal prosperity gospel in Nigeria: paradoxes of corruption and inequality
Authors: Smith Daniel Jordan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPreachers of the prosperity gospel in Nigeria criticise politicians’ greed and government corruption, even as many church leaders amass great wealth themselves. Drawing on ethnographic research, this article explores the relationship between Pentecostalism's prosperity gospel and political culture in Nigeria, especially as it pertains to problems of inequality and corruption. The analysis builds on a case study of one particular prosperity church in the city of Umuahia. It addresses the paradox that this brand of Pentecostalism articulates widespread discontent with the venality plaguing national political culture, while at the same time offering divine justification for the pursuit and accumulation of wealth. Examining not only Pentecostals’ interpretations of corruption, but also people's responses to scandals within these churches, the paper attempts to understand why Nigerians who are so aggrieved about corruption and inequality are at the same time drawn to churches that appear to reproduce many of the same dynamics.
Recite the last bylaw: chiefs and child marriage reform in Malawi
Authors: Maiden Emily 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn the study of modern chieftaincy in Africa, scholars have identified chiefs as important intermediaries for promoting increased voter turnout, new health policies and development initiatives. I add to this literature the importance of chiefs as cultural intermediaries. Using recent child marriage reform efforts in Malawi as a case study, I find that chiefs are key actors needed to implement culturally embedded policy changes. Drawing on descriptive evidence from 12 months of fieldwork across all three regions of Malawi, I find that chiefs are responsible for shifting cultural practices related to child marriage. Using a unique blend of democratic and non-democratic powers, chiefs in Malawi are defying expectations and using their position to promote girls’ rights. These findings contribute to our broader understanding of the political and cultural power of modern chiefs.