bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P052 Mental health predictors for shift work disorder in paramedics during their early career
Authors: Harris R , Drummond S , Meadley B , Rajaratnam S , Williams B , Smith K , Bowles K , Nguyen E , Dobbie M , Wolkow A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Shift work disorder (SWD) involves excessive sleepiness and/or insomnia and is associated with poor health outcomes in those affected. This study assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for SWD during the first six-months of paramedics’ careers. Furthermore, the study explored potential mediators in the relationship between mental health and SWD risk.

Methods
Recruit paramedics’ (n=101) SWD risk (SWD-Screening Questionnaire) was assessed at baseline (i.e., before shift work) and at six-months after engaging in shift work as a graduate paramedic. Logistic regression models assessed whether baseline depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and baseline anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7) predicted a high risk for SWD at six-months. Lavaan path analysis was used to assess whether shift and sleep variables, created from participants’ sleep and work diaries, mediated the relationship between mental health and SWD risk.

Results
After six-months of emergency work 21.5% of paramedics were high risk for SWD. Baseline depression predicted 1.28-times greater odds for SWD at six-months. Shift and sleep variables were not mediators in the relationship between baseline mental health and subsequent SWD risk. Baseline depression was independently associated with increased sleepiness levels following paramedics’ major sleep periods across all work conditions (nightshift, workdays, and non-workdays) at six-months. Depression levels before shift work also predicted a greater perceived workload on nightshifts.

Conclusions
Depression symptoms before starting shift work are a modifiable risk factor for SWD. Moreover, the first six-months of paramedics’ careers is a critical period for implementing preventative measures for SWD, including interventions to decrease depression symptoms.
P099 Physiological phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in Pacific Islanders and equally obese Caucasians
Authors: Naidoo C , Landry S , Edwards B , O’Driscoll D , Johnson P , Wheatley J , Lambert S , Kairaitis K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Pacific islanders (PI) have a high prevalence of severe OSA, attributed to obesity. Ethnic differences in mechanisms contributing to OSA have been reported. We compared physiological polysomnography characteristics in obese PI and Caucasian (C) patients with OSA.

Methods
Retrospective polysomnography (PSG) studies from a tertiary hospital sleep laboratory were identified for PI and age, gender and BMI matched C patients (BMI&gt;30 kgm²). All PSGs were rescored by a single scorer, and pharyngeal collapsibility (Vpassive), upper airway muscle compensation (Vcomp), arousal threshold (AT), [all expressed as percentage of steady-state breathing (Veupnea)], and loop gain (LG) were determined non-invasively via established/validated techniques.
Progress to date
14 PI [8 female] and 29 C [15 female] were identified. There were no differences in age [52.2±17.0 PI; 52.5±13.3 C years], BMI [46.9±7.7 PI; 48.2±10.1 C kgm²] or AHI (35.6 [17.9–77.5] PI; 41.2 [20.9–83.6] C events/hour) (mean±SD or median[IQR]; all p&gt;0.4; paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank). There were no significant differences in Vpassive (88.8 [88.4–97.1] PI; 91.8 [44.4–95.8]C %Veupnea; p=0.38), Vcomp (1.2 [-12.0–9.2] PI; 5.8 [-1.9–9.6] C %Veupnea; p=0.30), AT (131.4 [110.5–140.8] PI; 126.1 [110.4–180.7] C %Veupnea; p=0.67) or LG (0.6±0.1 PI; 0.7±0.3 C; p=0.23).
Intended outcome and impact
In a small cohort of PI and age, gender and BMI matched C with OSA, upper airway obstructive event frequency was the same and there were no differences in physiological phenotypes, suggesting similar mechanisms contribute to OSA severity in both groups. Confirmation of these findings in a larger cohort is ongoing.
P109 The association between sleep microarchitecture and cognitive function in middle-aged and older men: A community-based study
Authors: Parker J , Melaku Y , D’Rozario A , Wittert G , Martin S , Toson B , Catcheside P , Lechat B , Teare A , Appleton S , Adams R , Vakulin A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep microarchitecture metrics determined by quantitative power spectral analysis (PSA) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been proposed as potential biomarkers of cognitive function. However, there remain no data from community-based samples. This study examined cross-sectional associations between sleep microarchitecture metrics determined by PSA and cognitive function outcomes in community-dwelling men.

Methods
Men, Androgen, Inflammation, Lifestyle, Environment, and Stress (MAILES) study participants (n=477) underwent home-based polysomnography between 2010–2011. All-night EEG recordings were processed using PSA following exclusion of artefacts. MAILES participants also completed the inspection time task, Fuld object memory evaluation, and trail-making test A (TMT-A) and B (TMT-B). Multivariable linear regression models were used to determine the associations of sleep microarchitecture (relative spectral power) with cognitive function in the complete and age-stratified samples.

Results
Power spectral densities in theta-alpha ranges during NREM and REM sleep were associated with worse TMT-A performance, whereas higher delta density was associated with better TMT-A performance in the complete sample and men ≥65 years (all p&lt;0.05). Similar associations were observed with TMT-B performance in men ≥65 years. Furthermore, in men &lt;65 years, higher sigma density during NREM sleep was associated with faster inspection time (B= -3.14, 95% CI [-6.00, -0.27], p=0.032), whereas in men ≥65 years, higher theta density during NREM sleep was associated with faster inspection time (B = -3.33, 95% CI [-6.65, -0.02], p=0.049).

Discussion
PSA markers of sleep microarchitecture are independently associated with cognitive function. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether sleep microarchitecture metrics predict future cognitive dysfunction and decline.
P149 The role of OSA pathophysiological traits on mandibular advancement treatment response and efficacy of a novel mandibular advancement device
Authors: Tong B , Osman A , Bull C , Chiang A , Donegan M , Pinczel A , Rawson G , Pitcher G , Brown E , Kwan B , Mukherjee S , Adams R , Eckert D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are an effective therapy for OSA. However, treatment response is difficult to predict. Recent studies have investigated the influence of OSA endotypes on MAD outcomes albeit using simplified endotyping methods. We aimed to prospectively quantify and compare OSA pathophysiological traits between responders and non-responders to a novel MAD using gold-standard endotyping methodology.
Data from 30 OSA patients (AHI&gt;10events/h) are analysed to date. OSA was confirmed via in-laboratory polysomnography. Next, a detailed physiology night was conducted before MAD therapy. Participants were instrumented with EEG, nasal mask, pneumotachograph, epiglottic pressure catheter and intramuscular genioglossus electrodes to quantify baseline OSA pathophysiological traits. Pcrit was quantified via CPAP drops and non-anatomical traits from naturally occurring respiratory events. Participants were fitted with a novel MAD with a built-in oral airway (Oventus O2Vent Optima™) and titrated to ≥75% of maximum mandibular advancement. A treatment efficacy PSG followed therapy acclimatisation.
OSA severity decreased by 41±30% (25.1[16.3,39.2] vs. 12.1[7.3,20.0] events/h P&lt;0.001) with MAD therapy. Similar reductions occurred in participants with high nasal resistance. OSA pathophysiological traits measured by gold-standard methodology were similar between responders and non-responders to MAD (residual AHI&gt;10events/h). MAD responders had less collapsible airways at baseline when measured using simple estimates (Vpassive: 92.5[86.3,97.0] vs. 72.5[43.0,91.3] %Veupnea, P=0.022).
The novel MAD reduced OSA severity by ~40% including in those with nasal obstruction. The upper airway was less collapsible in responders to MAD when estimated but not when directly measured. Simple estimates of OSA pathophysiological traits may be used to predict responses to MAD.
Targeted and Nontargeted Detection and Characterization of Trace Organic Chemicals in Human Serum and Plasma Using QuEChERS Extraction
Authors: Manz Katherine E , Yamada Kyle , Scheidl Lukas , La Merrill Michele A , Lind Lars , Pennell Kurt D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Humans are exposed to a broad range of organic chemicals. Although targeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry techniques are used to quantify a limited number of persistent organic pollutants and trace organic contaminants in biological samples, nontargeted, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods assess the human exposome more extensively. We present a QuEChERS extraction for targeted and nontargeted analysis of trace organic contaminants using HRMS and compare this method to a traditional, cartridge-based solid-phase extraction (SPE). Following validation using reference and spiked serum samples, the method was applied to plasma samples (n = 75) from the Prospective investigation of Obesity, Energy, and Metabolism (POEM) study. We quantified 44 analytes using targeted analysis and 6247 peaks were detected using the nontargeted approach. Over 90% of targeted analytes were at least 90% recovered using the QuEChERS method in spiked serum samples. In nontargeted analysis, 84% of the peaks were above the method detection limit with area counts up to 3.0 × 105 times greater using the QuEChERS method. Of the targeted compounds, 88% were also identified in the nontargeted analysis. We categorized the 4212 chemicals assigned an identity in using EPA’s CompTox Dashboard and 1076 chemicals were found in at least one list. The category with the highest number of chemicals was “androgen or estrogen receptor activity.” The findings demonstrate that a QuEChERS technique is suitable for both targeted and nontargeted analysis of trace organic contaminants in biological samples.
‘Bumps down under:’ hemorrhoids, skin tags and all things perianal
Authors: Alvarez-Downing Melissa M. , da Silva Giovanna 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
There continues to be a concentrated effort to improve treatment options readily available for some of the most common perianal diseases: hemorrhoids, anal fissure and anal fistula. The emphasis remains on therapies that definitively address the underlying pathology yet minimize pain and risk of incontinence, have a short recovery period, and are cost-effective. In this analysis, recent developments in the literature are reviewed.

Recent findings
Treatment of early stage hemorrhoidal disease remains the same. For grades II–IV disease, hemorrhoidal vessel ligation/obliteration with laser or bipolar energy are reported. For more advanced diseases, modifying the technique for hemorrhoidectomy to improve postoperative complications and pain is described. For anal fissure, a stepwise method continues to be the mainstay of treatment (initiating with vasodilators, followed by botox, and ultimately sphincterotomy), which decreases the risk of incontinence with proper patient selection and technique. Management of anal fistula continues to be challenging, balancing cure vs. risk of harm. Recent developments include modifications to ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract procedure and use of laser to obliterate the tract.

Summary
Advancements in managing benign anorectal disease are ongoing. Several reports are novel, whereas others involve enhancing well-established treatment options by either operative technique or patient selection.
Patient-Focused Websites Related to Postpartum Pelvic Floor Health: A DISCERN Quality Analysis
Authors: Maheshwari Deepali , Kunycky Christina , Jia Xibei , Tangada Abhilasha , Leung Katherine , Solomon Ellen R. 
Published: October 2021

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of patient-focused websites addressing postpartum pelvic floor health.

Methods
The Google search engine was used to perform a search of the following 3 terms: (1) “postpartum pelvic floor (PPF),” (2) “postpartum leaking urine (PLU),” and (3) “postpartum leaking stool (PLS).” The top 20 results from each search term were evaluated using the DISCERN quality appraisal tool and Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria by 2 independent researchers. Websites were also categorized by type. Cohen κ was performed to determine interrater reliability between reviewers. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the differences in DISCERN and JAMA criteria scores.

Results
The weighted mean κ between the investigators for each search term was κ = 0.47 (range = 0.163 [PPF] to 0.759 [PLU]), suggesting moderate agreement between reviewers. There was a significant difference in mean DISCERN scores between the terms, with “postpartum leaking urine” yielding the highest mean score. When comparing DISCERN scores by category, society- and government-sponsored websites (mean = 55 ± 13) scored significantly higher than other categories. Using JAMA criteria, mean scores ranged between 1.83 and 2.83/4, but there were no significant differences between websites.

Conclusions
The overall quality of health information available on the internet regarding postpartum pelvic health is low. Higher-quality search results are found within society- and government-sponsored websites as well as under the search term “postpartum leaking urine.” It is important for health care providers to guide their patients to websites with reliable information about postpartum pelvic floor recovery.
Development and retinal remodeling in the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei)
Authors: Rasys Ashley M. , Pau Shana H. , Irwin Katherine E. , Luo Sherry , Kim Hannah Q. , Wahle M. Austin , Menke Douglas B. , Lauderdale James D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe fovea, a pit in the retina, is believed to be important for high-acuity vision and is a feature found in the eyes of humans and a limited number of vertebrate species that include certain primates, birds, lizards, and fish. At present, model systems currently used for ocular research lack a foveated retina and studies investigating fovea development have largely been limited to histological and molecular studies in primates. As a result, progress towards understanding the mechanisms involved in regulating fovea development in humans is limited and is completely lacking in other, non-primate, vertebrates. To address this knowledge gap, we provide here a detailed histological atlas of retina and fovea development in the bifoveated Anolis sagrei lizard, a novel reptile model for fovea research. We also further test the hypothesis that retinal remodeling, which leads to fovea formation and photoreceptor cell packing, is related to asymmetric changes in eye shape.ResultsAnole retina development follows the conventional spatiotemporal patterning observed in most vertebrates, where retina neurogenesis begins within the central retina, progresses throughout the temporal retina, and concludes in the nasal retina. One exception to this general rule is that areas that give rise to the fovea undergo retina differentiation prior to the rest of the retina. We find that retina thickness changes dynamically during periods of ocular elongation and retraction. During periods of ocular elongation, the retina thins, while during retraction it becomes thicker. Ganglion cell layer mounding is also observed in the temporal fovea region just prior to pit formation.ConclusionsAnole retina development parallels that of humans, including the onset and progression of retinal neurogenesis followed by changes in ocular shape and retinal remodeling that leads to pit formation in the retina. We propose that anoles are an excellent model system for fovea development research.Key FindingsRetina mounding that occurs in foveal areas prior to retinal differentiation progressively disappear as foveal regions of the eye elongate.The central and temporal foveal areas undergo retina differentiation before the rest of the retina.GCL mounding prior to pit formation occurs in the area of the temporal fovea but not the central fovea.When the eye is experiencing ocular retraction, photoreceptor cell packing, and pit formation are observed within foveal regions.
Novel Real-Time Library Search driven data acquisition strategy for identification and characterization of metabolites
Authors: Bills Brandon , Barshop William D. , Sharma Seema , Canterbury Jesse , Robitaille Aaron M. , Senko Michael W. , Zabrouskov Vlad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIdentification and structural characterization of novel metabolites in drug discovery or metabolomics experiments is one of the most challenging tasks. Multi-level fragmentation (MSn) based approaches combined with various dissociation modes are frequently utilized for facilitating structure assignment of the unknown compounds. As each of the MS precursors undergoes MSn, the instrument cycle time can limit the total number of precursors analyzed in a single run for complex samples. This necessitates splitting data acquisition into several LC/MS analyses where the results obtained in one acquisition inform the experimental design for the successive experiment.Here we present a new LC/MS data acquisition strategy, termed Met-IQ, where the decision to perform an MSn acquisition is automatically made in real time based on the similarity between an acquired experimental MS2 spectrum and a spectrum in a reference spectral library. Each MS2 spectrum is searched in real time against the spectra for the known compounds of interest. If a similarity to a spectrum in the library is found, the instrument performs a decision-dependent event, such as an MS3 scan. Compared to an intensity-based, data-dependent MSn experiment, only a selective number of MS3 are triggered using Met-IQ, increasing the overall MS2 instrument sampling rate. We applied this strategy to an Amprenavir sample incubated with human liver microsomes. The number of MS2 scan events increased nearly 3.5-fold compared to the standard data dependent experiment where MS3 was triggered for each precursor ion, resulting in identification and structural characterization of 55% more unique metabolites. Furthermore, the MS3 precursor fragments were selected intelligently, focusing on higher mass fragments of sufficient intensity to maximize acquisition of MS3 data relevant for structure assignment. The described Met-IQ strategy is not limited to metabolism experiments, and can be applied to analytical samples where the detection of unknown compounds structurally related to a known compound(s) is sought.
Retrograde adenosine/A2Areceptor signaling facilitates excitatory synaptic transmission and seizures
Authors: Nasrallah Kaoutsar , Berthoux Coralie , Hashimotodani Yuki , Chávez Andrés E. , Gulfo Michelle , Luján Rafael , Castillo Pablo E. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryRetrograde signaling at the synapse is a fundamental way by which neurons communicate and neuronal circuit function is fine-tuned upon activity. While long-term changes in neurotransmitter release commonly rely on retrograde signaling, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identified adenosine/A2Areceptor (A2AR) as a novel retrograde signaling pathway underlying presynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) at a hippocampal excitatory circuit critically involved in memory and epilepsy. Transient burst activity of a single dentate granule cell induced LTP of mossy cell synaptic inputs, a BDNF/TrkB-dependent form of plasticity that facilitates seizures. Postsynaptic TrkB activation released adenosine from granule cells, uncovering a non-conventional BDNF/TrkB signaling mechanism. Moreover, presynaptic A2ARs were necessary and sufficient for LTP. Lastly, seizure induction released adenosine in a TrkB-dependent manner, while removing A2ARs or TrkB from the dentate gyrus had anti-convulsant effects. By mediating presynaptic LTP, adenosine/A2AR retrograde signaling may modulate dentate gyrus-dependent learning and promote epileptic activity.HighlightsPostsynaptic firing induces presynaptic LTP at mossy cell to granule cell synapsesPostsynaptic TrkB activation induces adenosine release from granule cellsPresynaptic adenosine A2Areceptors are necessary and sufficient to induce LTPAdenosine/A2AR signaling within the dentate gyrus is pro-convulsantIn BriefNasrallah et al. report a novel retrograde signaling pathway at hippocampal synapses that involves postsynaptic TrkB-dependent release of adenosine and the activation of presynaptic A2Areceptors. This pathway mediates presynaptic long-term potentiation at a key hippocampal excitatory synapse and can also promote epileptic seizures.
Hearing Ability of Prairie Voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: New Emily M. , Li Ben-Zheng , Lei Tim C. , McCullagh Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTHearing ability of mammals can be impacted by many factors including social cues, environment, and physical properties of animal morphology. Despite being used commonly to study social behaviors, hearing of the monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) has never been fully characterized. In this study, we measure morphological head and pinna features and use auditory brainstem responses to measure auditory capabilities of prairie voles characterizing monaural and binaural hearing and hearing range. Additionally, we measured unbonded male and female voles to characterize differences due to sex. We found that prairie voles show a hearing range with greatest sensitivity between 8 – 32 kHz, robust binaural hearing, and characteristic monaural ABRs. We show no differences between the sexes for binaural hearing or hearing range, however female voles have increased amplitude of peripheral ABR waves I and II and increased latency of wave IV. Our results confirm that prairie voles have both low and high frequency hearing, binaural hearing, and despite biparental care and monogamy, differences in processing of sound information between the sexes. These data further highlight the necessity to understand sex-specific differences in neural processing that may underly variability in behavioral responses between sexes.HighlightsMonogamous prairie voles hear across both low and high frequencies.Female prairie voles show differences in monaural hearing compared to males.There is no difference in binaural hearing or pinna/head size morphology between the sexes.