bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CTL/M2 Macrophage-Related Four-Gene Signature Predicting Metastasis-Free Survival in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Authors: Ye Yunfei , Ma Jungang , Zhang Qin , Xiong Kai , Zhang Zhimin , Chen Chuan , Xiao He , Wang Dong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model for metastasis-free survival (MFS) based on genes that may functionally interact with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and M2 macrophages in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy.Methods The transcriptional profiles and phenotypical files of TNBC and other subtypes of breast cancer were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The abundance of infiltrated immune cells was evaluated through CIBERSORTx or MCP-counter. A weighted linear model, the score for MFS (SMFS), was developed by using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) in GSE58812 and validated in GSE2034 and GSE12276. The biological implication of SMFS was explored by evaluating its associations with TNBC molecular subtypes and other radiosensitivity- or immune-related signatures. Results A model consisting of the gene expression ratios of PCDH12/ELP3, PCDH12/MSRA and FAM160B2/MSRA with nonzero coefficients finally selected by LASSO was developed in GSE58812. In GSE2034 (treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy), SMFS was significantly associated with MFS in TNBC patients (HR=8.767, 95% CI: 1.856-41.408, P=0.006) and, to a lesser extent, in non-TNBC patients (HR=2.888, 95% CI: 1.076-7.750, P=0.035). However, the interaction of subtype (TNBC vs non-TNBC) and SMFS tended to be significant (Pinteraction=0.081). In contrast, SMFS was not significantly associated with MFS in either TNBC patients (P=0.499) or non-TNBC patients (P=0.536) in GSE12276 (treatment without radiotherapy). Among the four TNBC molecular subtypes, the c1 and c4 subtypes exhibited higher CTL infiltration and lower SMFS values than the c2 and c3 subtypes. In addition, SMFS was positively correlated with the abundance of endothelial cells (r=0.413, P<0.001).Conclusions The proposed model has the potential to predict MFS in TNBC patients after adjuvant radiotherapy. SMFS may represent a measurement of tumor immune suppression.
Integrative and Complementary Practices to Control Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Nassif Melissa Santos , Costa Isabelle Cristinne Pinto , Moura Caroline de Castro , Ribeiro Patrícia Mônica 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe stages of pregnancy are accompanied by several biopsychosocial changes, among them are nausea and vomiting, which are often associated with negative feelings, in addition to generating physical impacts and impacts on the maternal quality of life. In this scenario, the Integrative and Complementary Practices (ICPs) are inserted as a potential treatment to control nausea and vomiting in this public. This review aims to synthesize the available evidence in the literature on the effects of integrative and complementary practices in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. MethodThe review will include only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examine the effects of ICPs versus placebo, routine treatment, or pharmacological intervention for the control of nausea and vomiting in healthy pregnant women. The outcomes of interest are those related to nausea and vomiting and possible adverse effects of the intervention. A search for studies will be carried out in the following databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, ICTRP, LILACS, CUMED, IBECS, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, the World Health Organization’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and ReBEC until July 31, 2021. There will be no restrictions on the publication year or language of the manuscripts. The texts will be evaluated in their entirety, after which they will be selected, the data of interest will be extracted, and the risk of bias and quality of evidence will be evaluated. The entire selection process will be carried out by two independent reviewers and a third reviewer will be available in case of disagreement. In the event that a meta-analysis can be conducted, it will evaluate interventions for the absolute difference between averages and potential heterogeneity. If the data are deemed inadequate for a meta-analysis, a systematic narrative synthesis will be carried out. This protocol was proposed based on the preferred reporting item guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P). DiscussionThe results of this systematic review will robustly fill this knowledge gap and possibly assist in evidence-based practices provided for pregnant women experiencing nausea and vomiting.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020221570
Fasudil-Triggered Phagocytosis of Myelin Debris Promoted Meylin Regeneration via the Activation of TREM2/DAP12 Signaling Pathway in Cuprizone-Induced Mice
Authors: Ding Zhi-Bin , Han Qing-Xian , Song Li-Juan , Wang Qing , Han Guang-Yuan , Chu Guo-Guo , Li Yan-Qing , Chai Zhi , Yu Jie-Zhong , Xiao Bao-Guo , Ma Cun-Gen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) are mainly involved in multiple sclerosis (MS), in which the disorder of myelin regeneration leads to continual neurologic impairment. Fasudil, one of the ROCK inhibitors, has been shown protective functions in some models of demyelinating diseases. In this study, Fasudil treatment ameliorated the behavioral performance and myelin loss in CPZ-fed mice. Here, we demonstrated a new role of Fasudil, which triggered microglia to uptake myelin debris in both cell and animal experiments. This increased phagocytosis was associated with the polarization of M2 microglia. Furthermore, we found that Fasudil enhanced the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12), which regulated microglial phagocytosis and M2 polarization. The silence of TREM2 effectively blocked Fasudil-triggered phagocytic capacity, suggesting that Fasudil-triggered phagocytosis depends on TREM2 signaling pathway. Based on these evidences that TREM2 regulates microglial M2 polarization and phagocytosis, future studies targeted Fasudil as a therapy for demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases are warranted.
Current global Status and the Epidemiology of Entamoeba gingivalis in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Badri Milad , Eslahi Aida Vafae , Olfatifar Meysam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose Entamoeba gingivalis (E. gingivalis) is one of the members of the wide range of oral resident pathogens in humans, particularly found in dental plaques, surfaces of gingiva or teeth, interdental spaces and carious lesions. The purpose of the current review and meta-analysis was to determine the global prevalence of E. gingivalis infection and its association with oral diseases based on published literatures. Methods Multiple English databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were explored for papers published until August 2020. A total of 52 studies (including 7596 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Results The overall prevalence of E. gingivalis was estimated to be 37% (95% CI: 29% - 46%). With regard to different countries, the highest and lowest pooled prevalence of E. gingivalis infection were related to Jordan with 87% (95% CI: 81% - 92%) and Portugal with 3% (95% CI: 0% - 10%), respectively. Based on WHO regions, the highest prevalence was related to the region of the Americas with 56% (95% CI: 31%-79%). The infection was most prevalent in 46-55 mean age groups [61% (95% CI: 21% - 94%)]. Among different diagnostic methods, the highest rate of the pooled prevalence was related to the molecular [53% (95% CI: 24% - 81%)] and the direct methods [36% (95% CI: 25% - 47%)], respectively. Our analyses revealed that E. gingivalis infection was associated with 4.34-fold increased risk of oral diseases (P < 0.05).Conclusion Our findings revealed a high prevalence rate of the infection among periodontal disease patients with 37% (95% CI: 20% - 57%). To conclude, it must be considered that E. gingivalis can be a risk factor associated with oral diseases and a wide range of research is needed to specify its role in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Effects of Attraction of Vacuum Extractors of Different Materials and Pressures on the Fetal Head During Delivery
Authors: Chen Yu-Hsuan , Su Kuo-Min , Tsai Ming-Tzu , Lin Chi-Kung , Chang Cheng-Chang , Su Kuo-Chih 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PurposeIn some cases where operative deliveries are required with vacuum extractor, and obstetricians could choose the vacuum extractor to facilitate the process smoother and safer. However, there is no related biomechanical literature about the influences of vacuum extractors fabricated from different materials and pressures of vacuum on the fetal head. Hence, we utilized the finite element method to investigate the influences of vacuum extractors manufactured from different materials on the fetal head under various extractive pressures.MethodsFirst, the finite element analysis models of vacuum extractor and fetal head were established. The vacuum extractor model was designed as a hemispherical shape and we compared silicone rubber and stainless steel for the materials of vacuum extractor. Subsequently, four different vacuum pressures were applied as the factors for investigation—500-cm H2O, 600-cm H2O, 700-cm H2O, and 800-cm H2O. Finally, we observed and analyzed the reactive force on the fetal head, von Mises stress of vacuum extractor, and von Mises stress on the skull of fetal head to evaluate the influences of vacuum extractors of different materials under different pressures. ResultsThe results demonstrated that different vacuum pressures had only a slight difference of influences on the fetal head. The use of stainless-steel vacuum extractors caused a relatively larger reactive force (358.04–361.37 N) and stress (13.547–13.675 MPa) on the fetal head. ConclusionsNon-metallic or relatively softer materials could be selected when using a vacuum extractor for operative delivery to avoid complications such as scalp scratch, and even cephalohematoma and intracerebral hemorrhage.
Multiple-Centre Clinical Evaluation of Rapid Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assays for Five Pathogens
Authors: Shen Xin-xin , Nie Dan-wen , Zhang Hong , Zhan Zhi-fei , Gao Yuan , Xiang Xing-yu , Rong Xiu-ge , Liu Xin-ying , Bai Xue-ding , Zhong Li-li , Zhu Ru-nan , Xiao Fei , Zhang Rui-qing , Wang Jin-rong , Li Xin-na , Chen Zi-wei , Li Hao , Zhao Lin-qing , Ma Xue-jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Recombinase-aided amplification(RAA) is a new, simple, and ultrafast isothermal molecular diagnostic technique performed within 30min at 39°C–42°C.In this study, we evaluated the clinical performance of four duplex RAA kits for hepatitis B virus(HBV), human adenovirus 3(HAdV3), human adenovirus 7(HAdV7), and Bordetella pertussis and one duplex reverse-transcription RAA (RT-RAA) kit for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).Methods: A total of 392 sera and 374 respiratory tract samples were collected from five institutions in four China regions. Each RAA kit’s sensitivity and specificity were compared with those of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR), or sequencing. Results: Compared with qPCR or qRT-PCR, the sensitivities of HBV RAA,RSV RT-RAA, and B.pertussis RAA were 97.55%,96.67%, and 100%,respectively,and all of the specificities were 100%.The total coincidence rates were 97.78%(383/392,95%CI:95.63%–98.85%),97.70%(212/217, 95%CI:94.57%–99.16%), and 100%(60/60,95%CI:92.80%–100%),respectively.The Kappa values were 0.977,0.947, and 1,respectively(P<0.05).Regarding the sequencing, the sensitivities of HAdV3 RAA and HAdV7 RAA were 100% and 97.37%, respectively,and all specificities were 100%.The total coincidence rates were 100%(97/97,95%CI:91.58%–100%) and 98.97%(96/97,95%CI:94.39%–99.82%),and the Kappa values were 1 and 0.978 (P<0.05),respectively.Conclusions: With comparable clinical performance, these RAA kits are suitable assays for rapidly detecting pathogens in resource-limited laboratories.
Adrenergic Receptor Beta 2and 3 Polymorphism Modulate Gastro Intestinal Motility in Ttype 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Malik Aastha , Saha Sarama , Morya Rajesh Kumar , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Rana Satya Vati 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIndividuals with type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM) commonly present with gastro intestinal symptoms. Exact pathophysiology behind these symptoms is not elucidated. Previous studies reported the role of adrenoceptors on gut motility. However, no study has been conducted to observe whether adrenergic beta receptor (ADRB) 2 and 3 gene polymorphism could influence the gut motility in T2DM. Materials and Methods:Three hundred T2DM patients and 200 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled for this study. Participants were subjected to lactulose hydrogen breath test for estimation of orocecal transit time (OCTT). To carry out polymorphism study, buffy coat of EDTA blood was used for DNA isolation followed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results:In this study, the frequency of C allele as well as CC genotype of ADRB3 gene polymorphism and A allele as well as AA genotype of ADRB2 gene polymorphism were significantly higher in patients than controls and was associated with increased risk for T2DM. On comparison of gut motility, OCTT was found to be significantly prolonged (p<0.01) in individuals with CC genotype compared to TT or CT genotype in ADRB3 polymorphism and AA genotype, compared to AG and GG genotype in case of ADRB2 polymorphism. Combined effect of both adrenoceptors on gut motility revealed that individuals having AG or AA genotype in combination with other genotypes had significantly prolonged OCTT. Conclusion:It could be concluded that beta adrenoceptor gene polymorphism has significant role on regulation of gut motility in T2DM.
Leucine-rich Diet Improved Muscle Function in Cachectic Walker 256 Tumor-bearing Wistar Rats
Authors: Viana Laís , Chiocchetti Gabriela , Oroy Lucas , Vieira Willians , Salgado Carla , Oliveira Alexandre , Viera André , Suarez Paula , Sousa Lizandra , Castelucci Bianca , Consonni Silvio , Gomes-Marcondes Maria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs in several pathological conditions such as cancer, a condition termed cancer cachexia. This condition is associated with an increase in morbidity and poor treatment response, decreasing quality of life, and increased mortality in cancer patients. A leucine-rich diet could be used as a coadjutant therapy preventing muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia hosts. Besides muscle atrophy, muscle function loss is even more important to the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of leucine-rich diet on muscle function activity of cachectic Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats and to correlate such effects with molecular pathways of muscle atrophy. Methods: Adult Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four experimental groups. Two groups were fed with a control diet: Control (C) and Walker 256 tumor-bearing (W), and two other groups were fed with a leucine-rich diet: Leucine Control (L) and Leucine Walker 256 tumor-bearing (LW). The functional analysis (walking, behavior, and strength tests) was measured and before and after tumor inoculation. Cachexia parameters such as body weight loss, muscle and fat mass, pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, and molecular and morphological aspects of skeletal muscle were also performed. Results: Walker 256 tumor growth led to muscle function decline, cachexia manifestation symptoms, muscle fiber cross-section area reduction, associated with the altered morphological pattern and classical muscle protein degradation pathway activation, with up-regulation of FoXO1, MuRF1, and 20S proteins. On the other hand, a leucine-rich diet improved muscle strength while reducing the decline of walking and behavior, partially improving the cachexia manifestations and preventing muscle atrophy and protein degradation in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. Conclusions: A leucine-rich diet diminished muscle protein degradation and enhanced oxidative pathways, leading to better muscle functional performance.
Comparison of the Interaction Modes Between Cellulase and Bovine Serum Albumin /Lignosulfonate /Polyethylene Glycol in Promoting Lignocellulose Saccharification
Authors: Wang Peipei , Liu Tian , Guo Jiaqi , Jin Yongcan , Xiao Huining , Lin Jiuyou , song junlong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Bovine serum albumin (BSA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and lignosulfonate (LS) have been extensively employed as synergistic agents in lignocellulose saccharification, albeit it has not been fully understood how they interact with enzymes from the perspectives of molecular interactions. Herein, we attempted to unveil the promotion mechanisms of BSA, PEG and LS for lignocellulose saccharification from the perspective of their respective interaction with cellulase using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) to investigate their respective interaction and the complex formation. In the meanwhile, we compared the effects of adding these additives into the enzymatic hydrolysis of pure cellulose (Avicel) and green liquor-pretreated lignocellulose (GL).Results: The results showed that BSA and LS could bind to cellulase to form complexes, whereas PEG did not. However, PEG had a high affinity to lignin or lignin derivatives. In term for Avicel and GL substrates, the results showed that BSA and PEG promoted the enzymatic hydrolysis of both substrates, while LS had a promoting effect for GL only and inhibited some extent for Avicel. Conclusions: This study showed that synergistic agents of LS, BSA, and PEG have different interaction modes with cellulase. BSA and LS form complexes with cellulase and the formed complexes prevent from nonproductive binding by residue lignin; whereas PEG prevents from nonproductive binding by forming a thin layer on residue lignin which actually serve as steric hindrance. This investigation will help us to understand the sophisticated interactions among the components in the complicated enzymatic system, especially the interactions between enzymes and synergistic agents. It will be helpful in the design and utilization of synergistic additives in the lignocellulose biorefinery process as well.
Deformation Monitoring and Evaluation of Mountain Slope Stability Combined With Ground-based Radar and Spaceborne InSAR Methods
Authors: Wang Yanchao , Jiang Wenliang , Li Bingquan , Luo Yi , Li Yongsheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, ground-based radar and spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) images were combined to monitor slope stability and analyze the main deformation factors of an ancient landslide on the right bank of the Dajinchuan River in Danba County, Sichuan Province, China. We applied the short baseline set (SBAS) time series strategy with 656 scenes of ground-based radar between September 13-17, 2019, and 62 scenes of Sentinel-1 data from July 2018 to October 2020. Combined with high-resolution satellite images and digital elevation model (DEM) data, we acquired trace and quantitative deformation features and discussed the factors that contributed to slope instability, such as geological structure, topography, external environment and human activities. The largest deformation area detected by ground-based radar is located in the bedrock above the target area with a maximum cumulative deformation of more than 30 mm during the detection time. The maximum average annual deformation rate detected over the region by spaceborne InSAR is over 40 mm/a. We analyzed the differences between the ground-based radar and spaceborne InSAR and the reasons for the differences. This study provides references and suggestions for investigating potential landslide risks by combining ground-based radar and spaceborne InSAR technology.
A Subtype of Human Bocavirus Detected in Rattus Norvegicus Feces in China
Authors: You Fang-Fei , Zhang Min-Yi , Wu Fei , Li Qiu-Shuang , Chen Qing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Bocavirus is a typical zoonotic pathogen with a wide range of hosts. Here, we report the epidemiology of human bocavirus (HBoV) detected in Rattus norvegicus. Methods Between May 2015 and May 2017, 357 R. norvegicus were captured in four Chinese provinces. Polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the prevalence of HBoV in fecal samples. Phylogenetic analysis and sequencing of the entire viral genome were undertaken. Results HBoV was detected in 0.84% (3/357) of samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial VP1 region and near-full-sequence regions showed that HBoV obtained in R. norvegicus was genetically closely related to HBoV-2. One near-full‐length HBoV genome (named “GZ533”) was acquired, and phylogenetic analysis of the three positive sequences revealed that they shared very high identity in nucleotides and amino acids in the VP1 region (96.0%–99.1%). Comparison of GZ533 and other HBoVs revealed ~100% identity of amino acids in the VP1 region, whereas only 37.5% identity of amino acids when compared with R. norvegicus bocavirus.Conclusion HBoV-2 was detected in R. norvegicus in China. R. norvegicus may be a carrier of HBoV infection, and its impact on public health merits attention.
Capsular Blockage Syndrome: Clinical and Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Characteristics
Authors: Yang Hsin-Yu , Kao Sui-Ching , Tsai Chieh-Chih , Yu Wei-Kuang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:CBS is a rare phenomenon which is found during and after cataract surgery. The mechanism, OCT presentation and clinical characteristics are not well studied. Methods:Document patients with CBS who underwent examination, including refraction, best-corrected visual acuity, slit lamp, anterior segment OCT, and onset after cataract surgery. All patients underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy and were prescribed a low-dose topical steroid for seven days. Post-capsulotomy refraction and visual acuity were recorded.Results:This study included 18 eyes. Patients’ mean age was 80 (range, 54–92). The duration between cataract surgery and CBS diagnosis ranged 15–136 months. According to anterior segment OCT findings, we subcategorized the patients into four types: minimally opaque (n=4, 22%), uniformly turbid (n=7, 39%), focally condensed (n=5, 28%), and diffused sparkling (n=2, 11%). After laser capsulotomy, mean visual acuity improved 0.18 ± 0.09 on the LogMar. A significant difference in absolute refraction changes between the groups was noted— maximum in the focally condensed and minimum in the uniformly turbid types. No patient developed complications or needed further treatment for CBS during mean follow-up of 80 months.Conclusion:High-resolution anterior segment OCT is useful for analyzing pathological changes in the CBS. Our study implies that these four types of CBS presentation indicate various causes of late-CBS formation, as well as distinct clinical presentation and post–laser capsulotomy outcome. In addition, YAG laser capsulotomy is a safe late-CBS treatment modality.