bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between The Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and The Ki-67 Proliferation Index in Intracranial Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma
Authors: Li Shenglin , Zhou Qing , Zhang Peng , Ma Shize , Xue Caiqiang , Deng Juan , Liu Xianwang , Zhou Junlin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objiective:
This study evaluated the value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in distinguishing grade II and III intracranial solitary fibrous tumors /hemangiopericytomas and explored the correlation between ADC and Ki-67.
Methods
The preoperative MRIs of 37 patients treated for solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (grade II, n = 15 and grade III, n = 22) in our hospital from 2011 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. We compared the difference between the minimum, average, maximum, and relative ADCs based on tumor grade and examined the correlation between ADC and Ki-67. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of the ADC.
Results
There were significant differences in the average, minimum, and relative ADCs between grade II and III patients. The optimal cutoff value for the relative ADC value to differentiate grade II and III tumors was 0.998, which yielded an area under the curve of 0.879. The Ki-67 proliferation indexes of grade II and III tumors were significantly different, and the average (r = -0.427), minimum (r = -0.356), and relative (r = -0.529) ADCs were significantly negatively correlated with the Ki-67 proliferation index.
Conclusions
ADC can be used to differentiate grade II and III intracranial solitary fibrous tumors/hemangiopericytomas. Our results can be used to formulate a personalized surgical treatment plan before surgery.
White Matter Pathology in Alzheimer’s Transgenic Mice With Chronic Exposure to Low-Level Ambient Fine Particulate Matter
Authors: Chen Ta-Fu , Lee Sheng-Han , Zheng Wan-Ru , Hsu Ching-Chou , Cho Kuan-Hung , Kuo Li-Wei , Chou Charles C.-K. , Chiu Ming-Jang , Teem Boon Lead , Cheng Tsun-Jen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM), can cause brain damage, cognitive decline, and an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Typical pathological findings of amyloid and tau protein accumulation have been detected in the brain after exposure in animal studies. However, these observations were based on high levels of PM exposure, which were far from the WHO guidelines and those present in our environment. In addition, white matter involvement by air pollution has been less reported. Thus, this experiment was designed to simulate the true human world and to discuss the possible white matter pathology caused by air pollution. Results: 6-month-old female 3xTg-AD mice were divided into exposure and control groups and housed in the Taipei Air Pollutant Exposure System (TAPES) for 5 months. The mice were subjected to the Morris water maze test after exposure and were then sacrificed with brain dissection for further analyses. The mean mass concentration of PM2.5 during the exposure period was 13.85 μg/m3. After exposure, there was no difference in spatial learning function between the two groups, but there was significant decay of memory in the exposure group. Significantly decreased total brain volume and more neuronal death in the cerebral and entorhinal cortex and demyelination of the corpus callosum were noted by histopathological staining after exposure. However, there was no difference in the accumulation of amyloid or tau on immunohistochemistry staining. For the protein analysis, amyloid was detected at significantly higher levels in the cerebral cortex, with lower expression of myelin basic protein in the white matter. A diffuse tensor image study also revealed insults in multiple white matter tracts, including the optic tract. Conclusions: In conclusion, this pilot study showed that even chronic exposure to low PM2.5 concentrations still caused brain damage, such as gross brain atrophy, cortical neuron damage, and multiple white matter tract damage. Typical amyloid cascade pathology did not appear prominently in the vulnerable brain region after exposure. These findings imply that multiple pathogenic pathways induce brain injury by air pollution, and the optic nerve is another direct invasion route in addition to olfactory nerve.
Multimorbidity and Tooth Loss: The Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019
Authors: Bomfim Rafael Aiello , Cascaes Andreia Morales , Oliveira Cesar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLittle is known about the presence of two or more chronic conditions (multimorbidity) on tooth loss between adults and older adults. Understanding the mechanisms of multimorbidity on tooth loss is essential to inform policy development. This study aims to investigate the association between multimorbidity and severity of tooth loss in Brazilian adults and older adults. MethodsWe analysed data from a nationally representative sample of 88,531 Brazilian individuals aged 18 and over who participated in the 2019 Brazilian Health Survey. Tooth loss was the outcome by two different classifications: functional dentition (lost 1-12 teeth) and severe tooth loss (lost 23-32 teeth). The presence of multimorbidity was the main exposure and based on thirteen self-reported doctor-diagnosed chronic diseases that were further categorised into two groups, i.e., ≥2 or ≥3 comorbidities. Sociodemographic covariates included sex, age, race, income, level of education and tobacco smoking and geographic region of residency. Multivariate logistic regression models estimated the OR (Odds Ratios) and 95%CI of the associations between multimorbidity and tooth loss. ResultsFor 65,803 adults (aged 18 to 59), the presence of multimorbidity (≥2) was associated with 32% higher odds of having severe tooth loss (95% CI, 1.17; 1.49) and 33% lower odds of having functional dentition (95% CI, 0.60; 0.75). For the 22,728 older adults (aged 60 and older), multimorbidity (≥2) was associated with a 17% higher odds of severe tooth loss (95% CI, 1.06; 1.29) and 23% lower odds of having functional dentition (95% CI 0.70; 0.85). The sensitivity analysis, excluding hypertension, confirmed our findings. ConclusionsBrazilian adults and older adults with multimorbidity are more likely to have severe tooth loss and less likely to have functional dentition.
High Temperature Tribological Performance of Steel/Copper Friction Pairs Lubricated With a Modified C-WS2-(Fe3O4+TiN) Nanoadditives in Non-Copper Coated Solid Wires
Authors: Li Hong , Zhu Jing , Zhang Yu , Li Zhuoxin , Meng Bo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

In this study, four kinds of nanoparticles: graphite, WS2, Fe3O4 and TiN were used as lubricating additives for steel/copper friction pairs to solve the problem of welding contact tube wear with non-copper-coated solid wire at high temperature. The single and composite nanoparticles have excellent dispersion stability in absolute ethanol under the action of the compound surfactant NaSTA+OA+PVP. The tribological test results showed that the maximum decrement with reference to the average coefficient of friction and wear volumes were measured with nanoparticle concentration in 1:1:1 ratio at 300℃. Compared with dry friction, the average friction coefficient and wear volume are reduced by 74.3% and 84.8%, respectively, which may be attributed to the formation of a stable tribo-film mainly composed of C-O, Fe2O3, WO3, TiO2, TiNxOy composite on the worn surface. Therefore, it is considered that the combined lubrication effects of the ball-bearing effect, repairing of worn surfaces and the tribo-film resulted in the lowest friction and wear.
Beta-Blocker Treatment in Ventilated COVID-19 patients – A Cox Regression with Time Dependent Covariate Analysis
Authors: Mistry Dipesh , Hossain Anower , Sun Jianxia , Veenith Tonny , Lall Ranjit , Bion Julian , Whitehouse Tony 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with co-morbidities are particularly vulnerable to severe COVID-19 disease. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 frequently experience severe tachycardias and avoidance of these is important in some co-morbidities, for instance cardiovascular disease. There is growing interest in beta blockade in critical illness as their use been associated with improved outcomes in a variety of conditions. We report the real-world use of heart rate management in patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. As retrospective data are prone to an Immortal Time Bias, we created a Cohort Trial such as might be used for a future prospective trial and used Time Dependent Covariate Analysis for its analysis. Methods: Data for all PCR-proven COVID-19 patients ventilated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were extracted from the hospital databases. To compensate for the risk of immortal time bias, we restricted analysis to 144 patients who achieved a heart rate (HR) of 90 beats per minute for more than 12 hours and were treated with norepinephrine. We recorded time from these ‘entry criteria’ to first beta blocker dose. Those patients who did not receive a beta blocker were given a nominal time to beta blocker beyond the censor day. Outcome was mortality censored at 28 days.Results: In the study group, 83/144 patients (57.6%) received a beta blocker. The median interval from entry criteria to beta blocker was 7.91 days (IQR 3.89, 13.15) and median duration of treatment was 7.00 days (IQR 4.00, 14.00). Twenty-four beta blocker patients (28.9%) died within 28 days compared with 29 (47.5%) who did not (adjusted OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.20-0.95, P=0.036). Cox Regression with time-dependent covariate analysis revealed there was an increased, but not significant, risk of death with beta blocker delay (Hazard Ratio 1.42 p=0.264). Mortality was also reduced for each day treated with beta blockade (adjusted Odds Ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.91; P=0.002).Conclusions: In a retrospective analysis of critically ill ventilated patients with COVID-19 who developed a tachycardia >90 beats per minute and were treated with norepinephrine, beta blockade was associated with reduced mortality.
Can Cerebral Regional Oxygen Saturation (rSO2) Be Used as an Indicator of the Quality of Chest Compressions in Patients With Cardiopulmonary Arrest? A Study Evaluating the Association Between rSO2 and Mean Arterial Pressure: the PRESS Study
Authors: Kishihara Yuki , Yasuda Hideto , Kashiura Masahiro , Harada Naoshige , Moriya Takashi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Sudden cardiac arrest causes numerous deaths worldwide. High-quality chest compressions are important for good neurological recovery. Arterial pressure is considered useful to monitor the quality of chest compressions by the American Heart Association. However, arterial pressure catheter might be inconvenient during resuscitation. Conversely, cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) during resuscitation may be associated with a good neurological prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between mean arterial pressure and rSO2 during resuscitation to use rSO2 as the indicator of the quality of chest compressions.Methods: This study was a single-centre, prospective, observational study. Patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who were transported to a tertiary care emergency centre between October 2014 and March 2015 in Japan were included. The primary outcome was the regression coefficient between MAP and rSO2. MAP and rSO2 were measured during resuscitation (at hospital arrival [0 min], 3 min, 6 min, 9 min, 12 min, 15 min), and MAP was measured by an arterial catheter inserted into the femoral artery. For analysis, we used the higher value of rSO2 obtained from the left and right forehead of the patient and measured using a near-infrared spectrometer. Regression coefficients were calculated using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) with MAP and SAP as response variables and rSO2 as an explanatory variable, because MAP and rSO2 were repeatedly measured in the same patient. Since the confounding factors between MAP or SAP and rSO2 were not clear clinically or from previous studies, the GEE was analysed using univariate analysis.Results: Thirty-seven patients were analysed. rSO2 and MAP during resuscitation from hospital arrival to 15 min later were expressed as follows (median [interquartile range]): rSO2, 29.5 (24.3–38.8) %, and MAP, 36.5 (26–46) mmHg. The regression coefficient (95% confidence interval) of log-rSO2 and log-MAP was 0.42 (0.03–0.81) (p=0.035).Conclusion: rSO2 and MAP showed a mild but statistically significant association. rSO2 could be used to assess the quality of chest compressions during resuscitation as a non-invasive and simple method.Trial registration: This study was registered in the University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000015479).
Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy, Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass, and Ileal Transposition on Myocardial Ischaemia–Reperfusion Injury in Non-Obese Non-Diabetic Rats
Authors: Kornyushin Oleg , Sonin Dmitry , Polozov Alexander , Masley Vitaly , Bulavinova Nika , Chervyak Maria , Istomina Maria , Mukhametdinova Daria , Neimark Alexander , Cheburkin Yuri , Toropova Yana , Derkach Kira , Shpakov Alexander , Galagudza Michael , Shlyakhto Evgenyi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) improves outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Here we tested the hypothesis that BS-mediated reduction in fatal MI could be attributed to its infarct-limiting effect. Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: control (CON), sham (SHAM), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and ileotransposition (IT). Ten weeks later, animals were subjected to 30-min myocardial ischemia plus 120-min reperfusion. Infarct size (IS) and no-reflow zone (NRZ) were determined histochemically. Fasting plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, ghrelin, and insulin were measured using ELISA. Compared with SHAM, RYGB and SG reduced IS by 22% (p = 0.011) and 10% (p = 0.027), and NRZ by 38% (p = 0.01) and 32% (p = 0.004), respectively. IT failed to reduce IS and NRZ. GLP1 level was increased in the SG and RYGB groups compared with CON. In both the SG and RYGB, leptin level was decreased compared with CON and SHAM. In the SG group, ghrelin level was lower than that in the CON and SHAM. Insulin levels were not different between groups. In conclusion, RYGB and SG increased myocardial tolerance to ischemia–reperfusion injury of non-obese, non-diabetic rats, and their infarct-limiting effect is associated with decreased leptin and ghrelin levels and increased GLP-1 level.
MRSA Femoral Osteomyelitis From Superinfected Scabies Lesions: a Pediatric Case Report
Authors: Sartorio Marco Ugo Andrea , Munari Alice Marianna , Carlucci Patrizia , Erba Paola , Calcaterra Valeria , Fabiano Valentina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Scabies is a skin infestation from the Sarcoptes scabiei. It is considered a public health issue causing concern in developing countries and is one of the World Health Organization (WHO) Neglected Tropical Disease. Scabies skin lesions may cause severe itch and can be the portal of entry for opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria which can cause serious systemic infections. We report the case of a 3 year-old-boy with recurrent scabies infection presenting to the Emergency Department because of fever and refusal to walk. At medical examination he looked unwell, right thigh was extremely painful on palpation and blood test showed neutrophilic leucocytosis and significantly increased C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an osteomyelitis of metaphysis and distal diaphysis of the right femur with associated subperiosteal purulent collection and concomitant pyomyositis and fasciitis of the distal right thigh. Blood cultures turned positive for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. He received a long course of intravenous antibiotic therapy and his condition slowly improved. Follow-up femur X-ray showed a mixed pattern of erosion and sclerosis at meta-diaphyseal region and periosteal reaction at diaphyseal region. This case highlights the importance of early scabies diagnosis even in Western countries where poverty and household overcrowding are not matters of concern. Early diagnosis, timely begin of proper treatment and evidence of clinical resolution are important elements to prevent recurrence of infection and serious systemic superinfections even from multi-drug resistant bacteria. Clinical consequences from unrecognized disease or inadequate eradication are preventable.
Rapid and Quantitative Uncertainty Estimation of Coseismic Slip Distribution for Large Interplate Earthquakes Using Real-time GNSS Data and Its Application to Tsunami Inundation Prediction
Authors: Ohno Keitaro , Ohta Yusaku , Hino Ryota , Koshimura Shunichi , Musa Akihiro , Abe Takeshi , Kobayashi Hiroaki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study proposes a new method for the uncertainty estimation of coseismic slip distribution on the plate interface deduced from real-time global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data and explores its application for tsunami inundation prediction. Jointly developed by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan and Tohoku University, REGARD (REal-time GEONET Analysis system for Rapid Deformation monitoring) estimates coseismic fault models (a single rectangular fault model and slip distribution model) in real time to support tsunami prediction. The estimated results are adopted as part of the Disaster Information System, which is used by the Cabinet Office of the Government of Japan to assess tsunami inundation and damage. However, the REGARD system currently struggles to estimate the quantitative uncertainty of the estimated result, although the obtained result should contain both observation and modeling errors caused by the model settings. Understanding such quantitative uncertainties based on the input data is essential for utilizing this resource for disaster response. We developed an algorithm that estimates the coseismic slip distribution and its uncertainties using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. We focused on the Nankai Trough of southwest Japan, where megathrust earthquakes have repeatedly occurred, and used simulation data to assume a Hoei-type earthquake. We divided the 2951 rectangular subfaults on the plate interface and designed a multistage sampling flow with stepwise perturbation groups. As a result, we successfully estimated the slip distribution and its uncertainty at the 95% confidence interval of the posterior probability density function. Furthermore, we developed a new visualization procedure that shows the risk of tsunami inundation and the probability on a map. Under the algorithm, we regarded the Markov chain Monte Carlo samples as individual fault models and clustered them using the k-means approach to obtain different tsunami source scenarios. We then calculated the parallel tsunami inundations and integrated the results on the map. This map, which expresses the uncertainties of tsunami inundation caused by uncertainties in the coseismic fault estimation, offers quantitative and real time insights into possible worst-case scenarios.
Molecular evidence of autophagy impairment as serum level of ATG13 is elevated in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome: two independent case-control studies
Authors: Roy Avik , Gottschalk Carl Gunnar , Peterson Daniel , Knox Konstance , Maynard Marco , Whelan Ryan J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome is a multisystem illness characterized with extreme muscle fatigue associated with pain, neurocognitive impairment, and chronic inflammation. Despite intense investigation, the molecular mechanism of this disease is still unknown. Here we report two independent case-control studies to demonstrate that autophagy proteins are strongly upregulated in the serum of ME/CFS patients indicative of severe impairment in metabolic events of autophagy. Serum samples collected from two healthy and two age-matched patients were assayed for protein aggregation, screened for autophagy-related factors via an antibody array, quantified with densitometric analyses, and finally reconfirmed with ELISA analyses. Based on that double-blinded and gender-balanced study, the levels of ATG13, p62, and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) were found to be consistently elevated in the serum samples of these two ME/CFS patients. Moreover, our microglia-based oxidative stress response study and nitrite analyses indicated that serum samples of ME/CFS patients evoked the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrite in human HMC3 microglial cells, whereas neutralization of ATG13 was shown to strongly diminish the production of ROS and nitrite demonstrating the de novo effect bloodborne autophagy factors on inducing the stress response in microglial cells. Collectively, our results indicate that the impairment of autophagy followed by upregulations of autophagy markers especially ATG13 in serum could be a pathological hallmark in ME/CFS.
Primary Intracranial Malignant Melanomas: Retrospective Analysis of Management in a Single Chinese Institution and literature Review
Authors: Chen Lifeng , Yang Yang , Li Dongmei , Bu Bo , ma xiaodong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary intracranial malignant melanoma (PIMM) is a rare malignant tumor. The authors retrospectively reviewed and discussed the clinical features, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes of patients with histologically proven PIMM. Methods: The data of 15 patients with PIMM in our hospital within 14 years (from January 2005 to January 2019) were collected. The clinical and imaging presentations, pathology, surgical strategies, adjuvant treatment and the prognosis were analyzed in this study.Results: Eleven men and 4 women with mean age 37.9 years (19-61 years) were observed over an average follow-up period of 22.6 months (range, 6–36 months). CT showed iso or high density in 12 cases (80%). MRI sacns indicated that 14 tumors were mainly hyperintensity on T1 weighted images, hypointensity on T2 weighted images, and had no or mild enhancement. The treatment modalities included total resection followed by conventional radiotherapy (RT) (n=12), and subtotal resection followed by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (n=3). Fifteen cases had recurrence or metastasis at the average 14.7 months (6-23 months): local recurrence (8 cases), distant metastasis (5 cases), both of them (2 cases). Fourteen cases (93.3%) died and the mean overall survival was 22 months (6-36 months). The median survival period was 23 months. The overall survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years were 80%, 47%, and 13%, respectively. Radical resection with RT was associated with longer overall survival (log-rank, p<0.05). Conclusions: PIMM is an extremely rare tumor with poor prognosis, which is difficult to get correct preoperative diagnosis. Improvement of the recognition of MRI features of melanoma can increase the preoperative diagnosis rate, and radical resection with RT may provide longer overall survival rate. Targeted and immunotherapy therapies may provide promise as treatment options for PIMM.