bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sugar‐sweetened beverage intake is associated with fatty liver in the Framingham Offspring Study (267.3)
Authors: Ma Jiantao , Fox Caroloine , Speliotes Elizabeth , Hoffmann Udo , Smith Caren , Saltzman Edward , Jacques Paul , McKeown Nicola 
Published: June 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 20‐30% of US adults, yet its underlying cause is unknown. Excess intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB), the largest source of added sugar intake in the American diet, is a potential risk factor for NAFLD. We examined the cross‐sectional association between SSB intake and fatty liver in members of the Framingham Offspring cohort (n=1,061; 57% women; mean age 59 y). Liver fat was measured using CT scan, and fatty liver was defined as a liver to phantom ratio <0.33. Cumulative intakes of SSB and diet soda were estimated from FFQ collected at 3 exam cycles over 7 years. Participants were defined as SSB non‐consumers or consumers (3 categories: 1 drink/mo to <1 drink/wk, 1 drink/wk to < 1 drink/d, and 蠅1 drink/d). Participants were also categorized into 4 groups according to diet soda intake as described above. Covariates examined included age, sex, BMI, smoking status, energy intake, alcohol intake, dietary fiber, total fat, and fruit and vegetable intake. After multivariate adjustment, 14.3% (95%CI: 9.1, 19.5%) of non‐SSB consumers and 26.9% (95%CI: 19.5, 34.2%) of daily SSB consumers had fatty liver, P for trend =0.02. No significant association was observed between diet soda intake and fatty liver. In this study sample, daily SSB consumers had nearly 2 fold higher prevalence of fatty liver compared to non‐SSB consumers.Grant Funding Source: Supoorted by the NIH/NHLIBI's Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine, and USDA
Tissue distribution and metabolism of 5‐demethylnobiletin after its long‐term dietary administration in mice (270.5)
Authors: Wang Minqi , Zheng Jinkai , Song Minyue , Gao Zili , Xu Fei , Cai Xiaokun , Wu Xian , Xiao Hang 
Published: June 2021

5‐demethylnobiletin (5‐DN), a citrus‐derived polymethoxyflavone, has many beneficial bioactivities. However, its tissue distribution and metabolism remain unclear, which limits its better utilization as a nutraceutical ingredient. In this study, CD‐1 mice were fed with 5‐DN in diet for 20 weeks, and then the levels of 5‐DN and its major metabolites i.e. 5, 3'‐didemethylnobiletin (M1), 5, 4'‐didemethylnobiletin (M2) and 5, 3', 4'‐tridemethylnobiletin (M3) in different tissues were determined by HPLC. Our result showed that 5‐DN was extensively metabolized to form glucuronide/sulfate conjugates of M1, M2, M3, with M2 as the most abundant, in small intestine (SI). The levels of these metabolites were much higher in distal SI than in proximal SI, whereas much lower levels of these metabolites were found in the bile. These results suggested that both phase I and phase II metabolism of 5‐DN occurred predominantly in the SI enterocytes rather than in the liver. Further more, we observed that the metabolites of 5‐DN almost exclusively exist as unconjugated forms in the cecum and colon, which is contributed to deconjugation by microbiome. Despite the low plasma levels of 5‐DN found in the mice, much higher levels of 5‐DN were observed in tissues such as brain, lung, liver, spleen, muscle and kidney. This is the first report on the tissue distribution and metabolism of 5‐DN after long‐term oral consumption in mice.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH, AICR and USDA
Nutrition education improves behaviors without accompanying improvements in dietary guideline recognition among rural 4th and 5th graders (273.7)
Authors: Bea Jennifer , Bawden Margine , Islas Aleya , Hartz Vern , Martinez Stephanie , Alves Joyce , Misner Scottie 
Published: June 2021

Dietary guidelines are designed to reduce the burden of obesity and related health problems. Our aim was to measure change in knowledge and behavior related to USDA dietary guidelines following nutrition education of rural, low‐income, 4th and 5th graders. Eight Apache County, AZ classrooms volunteered to participate; each received three, 45‐minute, education sessions related to USDA recommendations over 2‐3 weeks (N=139 pre, 121 post). Anonymous self‐report behavior and knowledge questionnaires were administered to the children prior to and following the class series. Descriptive statistics were computed for student demographics and consumption of fruits, vegetables, grains, and milk on the prior day. Paired t‐tests were used to evaluate change in weighted classroom averages. Seventy‐six percent were 4th graders, 52% male. Identification of USDA‐recommended milk type increased by 12% (p<0.0001), while knowledge of other recommendations did not improve. Reported consumption of lower fat milk, whole grains, vegetables, and fruit significantly increased (p蠄0.01). The percent of students active during morning break and lunchtime significantly increased (p<0.02). Minutes of afterschool physical activity did not change, but minutes of sedentary time decreased (p=0.01). These data suggest that acute changes in target behaviors are possible in this age group, despite the absence of increased knowledge.Grant Funding Source: USDA HI050073, NIH P30CA023074
Superoxide dismutase protects against effects of eNOS uncoupling in early‐stage aortic valve disease (278.6)
Authors: Farrar Emily , Huntley Geoffrey , Butcher Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Oxidative stress (OxS) is known to contribute to late stages of aortic valve disease (AVD), but its role in early‐stage valve inflammation and as a driver of valve pathology has not been investigated. Here we show that inflammation drives increased OxS via eNOS uncoupling. Using an ex vivo model of AVD, we show that superoxide dismutase can block the downstream effects of eNOS uncoupling and mitigate later‐stage valve degeneration.Methods and Results: We first observed evidence of eNOS uncoupling in the endothelium of calcified human aortic valve leaflets, which had elevated dihydroethidium staining for superoxide in endothelial cells both near and distal to the primary nodule. We then used a 3‐D in vitro system to show that inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α caused increased superoxide, free radicals, and hydrogen peroxide in aortic valve endothelial cells, as soon as 15 minutes after treatment. The excess oxidative stress due to TNF‐α decreased VEC nitric oxide secretion, lowered eNOS and VE‐cadherin protein levels, and increased expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules (VCAM1, ICAM1). Addition of eNOS co‐factor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) mitigated the increases in OxS caused by TNF‐α, demonstrating the eNOS uncoupling was the primary pathophysiological mechanism at play. Using an ex vivo system of porcine aortic valve leaflets cultured for 21 days, we screened the ability of BH4, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to decrease the endothelial OxS effects caused by TNF‐α. We found that all three antioxidants mitigated the effects of TNF‐α and improved endothelial function, but SOD showed the most significant reduction in protein levels of myofibroblastic protein α‐smooth muscle actin and VCAM1.Conclusions: These results present endothelial inflammatory oxidative stress as a new mechanism that connects early valve pathology with later stages of degeneration. Targeting these mechanisms via tailored antioxidant therapy could provide new avenues for treatment of CAVD.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH HL110328, NSF CBET‐0955172
Patching the leaky pipeline at two points (29.2)
Authors: Ortiz Phillip , Breton Kristian , Duncan‐Poitier Johanna , Groome Meghan , Lansing Jill , Moore Gaylen , Paulsson Kristine , Rossi Elizabeth , Smith Nakesha , Wortel Stephanie 
Published: June 2021

The United States is facing a crisis in education ‐‐ not enough students are being trained in the areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (the STEM disciplines) to support and foster economic growth. To respond, the State University of New York (SUNY) and the New York Academy of Sciences (The Academy) are collaborating to train SUNY graduate students and post‐doctoral fellows to deliver mentoring and STEM content to underserved middle‐school children in afterschool programs. Since 2010, as part of the Afterschool STEM Mentoring Program, the Academy has successfully trained graduate students within the New York City area, and to date they have reached >7,000 middle school students with curricula in areas such as genetics, mathematics, and space science. At the suggestion of SUNY Chancellor Nancy Zimpher, who also serves as the Chair of the Academy's Board of Governors, we have developed a collaboration in which SUNY graduate students and post‐doctoral fellows learn pedagogy and content via an online course, and then are placed in underserved afterschool programs in New York State. This online course was developed by faculty and SUNY ESC. After a thorough evaluation of the course, curriculum, and methods the goal is for this program to be replicated throughout the United States. In it's first year ~30 graduate and post‐doctoral students from three SUNY campuses (CNSE, IT, and Downstate) reached ~200 middle‐school aged children. To date we are able to demonstrate improvements in (1) mentors' teaching skills and confidence, and career perceptions, (2) students' content knowledge, attitudes, self‐efficacy and interest, and (3) curricula, mentor practice and support. As we enter the second year of the project we have added three additional campuses. In the near future we hope to expand the program to reach other groups of college students and pre‐college mentees.Grant Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Foods contributing to fruit and vegetable intakes of U.S. adults: What We Eat In America, NHANES 2009‐2010 (369.3)
Authors: Hoy M. , Goldman Joseph , Bowman Shanthy , Moshfegh Alanna 
Published: June 2021

Fruits and vegetables that are consumed as individual foods such as apples or tomatoes are also ingredients in mixture foods such as apple pie or pizza. Using 1‐day food intakes for adults 20+ years (n=5762) from What We Eat In America (WWEIA), NHANES 2009‐2010, this study compared fruit and vegetable intakes from the Food Patterns Equivalents Database 2009‐2010 to WWEIA Food Categories (FC) to determine contribution of all foods including mixtures to total fruit and vegetable intakes. The estimated mean Total Fruit intake of adults was ~1 cup equivalent per day, most from fruits and 100% fruit juices (63 and 27% respectively). WWEIA FCs contributing 蠅5% to Total Fruit intake were apples (17%), citrus juices (16%), bananas (12%), other fruits and fruit salads (8%), other fruit juices (8%), melons (7%), berries (6%) and citrus fruits (5%). The estimated mean Total Vegetable intake of males and females was 1.7 and 1.5 cup equivalents per day, respectively, most from vegetables and mixed dishes (61 and 25%, respectively). WWEIA FCs contributing 蠅5% to Total Vegetable intake were white potatoes (17%), vegetable combinations (11%), lettuce/lettuce salads (10%), tomatoes (6%), meat, poultry, fish‐ and grain‐based mixed dishes (8% and 5% respectively), and soups (5%). These data can inform about dietary patterns of adults in the U.S. and guide nutrition education and consumer messages for increasing fruit and vegetable intake.Grant Funding Source: Suppported by USDA Agricultural Research Service
Effect of height adjustable desks on standing time, discomfort, and productivity of office workers with sedentary occupations (37.8)
Authors: Roemmich James 
Published: June 2021

Sedentary jobs promote weight gain and health risks. Interrupting sitting with standing is protective against sitting‐related health risks. However, standing for portions of the workday will not be accepted if it reduces comfort or productivity. This study determined the initial changes from baseline (conventional sitting height desk) to 1‐week after receiving a height adjustable desk for sitting/standing times, steps (activPAL), musculoskeletal discomfort (Nordic questionnaire), productivity (questionnaires 3x/day for 3 d), and energy intake (3 d ASA24 recall) in 13 men and women. Subjects were 33‐66y and not provided with direction to change behavior or behavioral goals. Height adjustable desk installation decreased workday sedentary min (6.7±0.3 vs 4.0±0.3 hr/d) and increased standing time (2.2±0.2 vs 4.9±0.3 hr/d). These changes were accompanied by decreased tiredness and increased perceptions of amount and quality of work completed and overall work performance and no changes in musculoskeletal discomfort or energy intake. Non‐work step number, standing time, and sedentary time were not changed. Height adjustable desks increase standing without further behavioral intervention and is accompanied by greater perceived work performance. Increased work‐time standing is not compensated for by decreased non‐work standing or greater energy intake.Grant Funding Source: Sponsored by USDA 5450‐51000‐049‐00D
Healthful cultural foods and safety nets: experiences of immigrant and Puerto Rican families in Massachusetts (380.5)
Authors: Peterman Jerusha , Cordeiro Lorraine 
Published: June 2021

Objective: (1) To understand the perceptions of, access to, and utilization of healthful cultural foods and safety nets in immigrant and Puerto Rican families. (2) To assess the overlap between healthful cultural foods and safety nets in these families.Methods: Focus groups were held with Puerto Ricans and immigrants from the Dominican Republic (3 groups, 16 participants) and with Cambodian (9 focus groups, 66 participants) and Brazilian (2 focus groups, 16 participants) immigrants in Massachusetts. Directed content analysis was used to identify themes about perceptions, access, and utilization for healthful cultural foods and safety nets. Overlapping themes were identified between healthful cultural foods and safety nets.Results: Participants from all groups valued healthful cultural foods. Cambodians and Brazilians considered American‐style foods less healthful than cultural foods, while Latinas identified some cultural foods as less healthful. All groups were able to access healthful cultural foods but some found it challenging to afford them. Cambodians worried about quality and safety. Cambodians and Latinas reported using safety nets such as food stamps (SNAP), WIC, families, and food pantries. They reported that while both SNAP and WIC helped them afford healthful cultural foods, benefits were inadequate, and that food quality decreased over the month.Conclusions: Intervention programs targeted to these populations should build on current knowledge and practices that value healthful cultural foods and take into consideration barriers. Barriers to accessing and utilizing government safety nets such as SNAP and WIC appear to limit diet quality at some points in the month for immigrant and Puerto Rican families.Grant Funding Source: USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Projects MAS00991 and MAS00994
Sodium to potassium ratio and food choices of U.S. adults (384.7)
Authors: Rhodes Donna , Parker Elizabeth , Goldman Joseph , Gaine P Coutney , Moshfegh Alanna 
Published: June 2021

The relationship between sodium (Na) and potassium (K) has been studied extensively; however, research is limited on the range of intake of sodium to potassium ratio (Na/K) consumed in the U.S. The purpose of this research was to examine the typical ranges of Na, K, and Na/K and the food choices contributing to Na and K across different ratios. Study sample included nationally representative data for adult (20+yr) males (n=5450) and females (n=5731) participating in What We Eat in America (WWEIA) NHANES 2007‐2010. Dietary intake data were obtained from an in‐person 24‐hour recall collected using the 5‐step USDA Automated Multiple‐Pass Method. WWEIA Food Categories were used to define food and beverages as consumed. Mean Na/K was 1.5 (0.01) for males and 1.4 (0.01) for females. Fewer than 2% of adults met the recommended Na/K of 0.49 (2300mg Na/4700mg K). Distribution of Na/K at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentile was 0.8, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, and 2.2, respectively for males; and 0.7, 1.0, 1.3, 1.7 and 2.1 for females. Among individuals with Na/K <1.0 vs Na/K 蠅 1.0, milk and dairy foods contributed 8% vs 6% of daily Na and 12% vs 9% of daily K. Mixed dishes contributed 22% vs 31% of daily Na and 11% vs 20% of daily K, respectively. Fruit and vegetables contributed 12% vs 6% of total daily Na and 25% vs 18% of daily K. These data highlight the importance of food choices to achieve improved sodium to potassium ratios in the U.S. population.Grant Funding Source: ARS,USDA with partial support from ILSI North America
Community food environment and early childhood BMI: baseline findings from the Hawaii Children’s Healthy Living Program (390.5)
Authors: Fialkowski Marie , Li Fenfang , Butel Jean , Nigg Claudio , Braun Kathryn , Johnson Kathleen , Tachibana Alvin , Wilkens Lynne , Novotny Rachel 
Published: June 2021

Community food environment (CFE) is an important determinant of health, especially obesity. Factors of the CFE (including availability and quality of fruits/vegetables [F/V], store advertisement, community readiness for change [CR], and store walkability) were assessed in 4 communities in Hawai‛i participating in the Children’s Healthy Living Program community randomized trial to describe CFE variables in association with early childhood (2‐8 y) body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric measurements were collected in all communities (n=598); BMI percentiles and z scores were calculated using CDC 2000 growth curves. CFE factors, except CR, were measured in 29 stores. CR was measured by survey of 29 community members knowledgeable of the CFE. Spearman correlations were calculated for mean BMI‐z score and CFE variables. Mean BMI z‐score = 0.59 (SD=0.20) while means of CR = 5.25 (SD=0.4), FV availability = 4.9 (SD=2.8), FV quality = 5.2 (SD=2.6) and store walkability = 11.1 (SD 9.3). BMI z‐score and CR (r=‐0.98, p<0.001) were negatively correlated in addition to mean BMI z‐score and store walkability (r=‐0.45, p=0.04). Positive correlations were found between BMI z‐score and store exterior healthy ads (r=0.40, p=0.03); FV availability (r=0.59, p<0.001); and FV quality (r=0.62, p<0.001). Further study, including more Pacific communities and the examination of additional factors, may influence these associations.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Grant no. 2011‐68001‐30335 from the USDA
Conceptual assessment of physiology: development of a concept inventory for homeostasis (531.13)
Authors: McFarland Jenny , Michael Joel , Wenderoth Mary Pat , Modell Harold , Wright Ann , Cliff William 
Published: June 2021

Homeostasis is an important core principle for undergraduate physiology students to understand and apply. Assessment of student conceptual understanding of homeostasis is important for teaching and learning, especially formative assessment to reveal students’ incomplete understanding and ‘misconceptions’. We engaged in a 3‐step process to develop a Conceptual Assessment of Physiology (CAP) instrument for homeostasis. First, a conceptual framework for homeostasis that identifies component ideas appropriate for undergraduate physiology was developed and validated by a cohort of faculty at 2‐ &amp; 4‐year colleges, universities &amp; medical schools. Second, common student conceptions regarding homeostasis and its component ideas were identified (from physiology students and faculty). Third, multiple‐choice questions to assess important homeostasis component ideas were developed and tested in student interviews. These questions were then vetted by a cohort of faculty from diverse institutions and students in physiology courses. We will present the CAP questions on homeostasis, the physiology faculty data on the appropriateness of these questions for undergraduate students, and the results of initial testing with students. The questions will be linked to the conceptual framework and student conceptions &amp; incomplete understandings. Supported by NSF DUE‐1043443.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NSF DUE‐1043443.
Regulation of neural crest cell emigration in turtle embryos (541.9)
Authors: Gochnauer Heather , Smith Matthew , Rice Ritva , Cebra‐Thomas Judith 
Published: June 2021

Turtle plastron bones develop by intramembranous ossification, suggesting that they are derived, like the facial bones, from neural crest cells. Using cell‐labeling and neural tube explant cultures, we have shown that cells expressing neural crest markers emerge from the trunk neural tube in the turtle Trachemys scripta for a greatly extended period compared other model amniotes. The neural crest cells that emerge in a second wave, well beyond the stage of neural crest emigration in chick or mouse embryos, appear to migrate ventrally to form an ectomesenchymal dermis that gives rise to the bones of the plastron. The specification of premigratory neural crest cells and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition that produces migratory neural crest cell is controlled by a gene regulatory network including the transcription factors Snail2, FoxD3, Sox9, and Sox10. We are currently examining the expression of markers of premigratory and early migratory neural crest cells to examine whether the premigratory domain persists during the period in between the early and late migratory phases. If the expression of these markers persist throughout this period, it will suggest that the premigratory region is maintained, and that the lack of neural crest cell migration may be due to the lack of a supportive environment. In contrast, if these genes are only expressed during the periods of active neural crest cell emigration, then the second wave of neural crest cell migration would require a second inductive signal not found in chick embryos.Grant Funding Source: NSF
The Cdc13‐Stn1‐Ten1 complex stimulates Pol α activity by promoting the primase‐to‐polymerase switch (548.2)
Authors: Lue Neal 
Published: June 2021

The Cdc13‐Stn1‐Ten1 complex stimulate Pol α activity by promoting the primase‐to‐polymerase switch Neal F. Lue1. 1Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065 Emerging evidence suggests that Cdc13‐Stn1‐Ten1 (CST), an evolutionarily conserved RPA‐like ssDNA‐binding complex, may regulate Pol α activity at telomeres constitutively, and at other genomic locations under conditions of replication stress. However, the detailed mechanisms and the extent of evolutionary conservation are not understood. In this study, I examined the mechanisms of Pol α stimulation by CST using purified complexes derived from Candida glabrata. In the presence of physiologic concentrations of ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides, CST did not enhance either the RNA primase or the DNA polymerase reaction, but rather augmented the efficiency of the primase‐to‐polymerase switch. In addition, CST simultaneously shortened the RNAs and lengthened the DNAs in the chimeric products synthesized by Pol α. Stn1, the most conserved subunit of CST, was alone capable of Pol α stimulation. Both the N‐terminal OB fold and the C‐terminal winged‐helix domains of Stn1 can separately bind the Pol12 subunit of the Pol α complex, and separately mediate Pol α activity enhancement. Overall, the findings suggest that Stn1 makes multiple, functionally important contacts with Pol12, causing an altered conformation of the Pol α‐primase complex capable of more efficient “handoff” of the RNA‐DNA hybrid from the primase to the polymerase. This mode of Pol α regulation has not been described before. Thus, the current report provides new mechanistic and evolutionary insights on a conserved pathway of Pol α regulation that is critical for genome stability.Grant Funding Source: NIH, NSF