bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxic leukoencephalopathy caused by chemotherapeutic drugs other than methotrexate
Authors: Park Sung-Hye , Lim Ka Young , Kim Seong-Ik , Kim Hyunhee , Kang Jeongwan , Park Jin Woo , Won Jae Kyung , Shin Dong-Yeop 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background & Objective Chemotherapy-induced toxic leukoencephalopathy is clinically characterized by progressive cognitive loss, often resulting in sudden death. The objective of this study is to share distinctive clinicopathological features of chemotherapy-induced brain change.Methods The brains of a 64-year-old woman and a 63-year-old man who suffered from rapid deterioration of consciousness were autopsied. The initial clinical impressions were central nervous system (CNS) graft versus host disease (GVHD), infectious or autoimmune encephalitis. Both patients had been treated with multidrug chemotherapy, including cytarabine arabinoside, daunorubicin, fludarabine, azacitidine, and busulfan, and allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation because of hematological malignancy (acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome). Results The autopsies revealed a vacuolar change of the white matter with axonal spheroids, reactive gliosis, and foamy macrophage infiltration in the brain, predominantly in the visual pathway of the occipital and temporal lobes. There was no lymphocytic infiltration in the brain tissue, which is characteristic of CNS-GVHD or encephalitis, suggesting these syndromes were not the cause of brain illness. Conclusion The leukoencephalopathy found in our cases is often occur after methotrexate treatment, but our autopsy cases showed that it can also be caused by a regimen of chemotherapeutic drugs other than methotrexate.
A Trend of Eight-Years Big Data Analytics of Electronic Medical Records to Review and Study Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease in Different Genders
Authors: Panahiazar Maryam , Bishara Andrew M. , Chern Yorick , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Perri Jennifer , Hadley Dexter , Arnaout Rima , Beygui Ramin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in particular, is one of the leading causes of death, morbidity, and mortality in the United States. Notably, women continue to have worse outcomes than men. The causes of these discrepancies have yet to be fully elucidated. The main objective of this study is to detect gender discrepancies in outcome using data analytics to risk stratify ~ 32,000 patients with CAD of the total 960,129 patients treated at UCSF Medical Center during an eight years. As an implementation of clinical care, this study’s long-term goal is to improve precision diagnosis and ultimately management of CAD for both early detection and identification of patients at risk for rapid progression of the disease.Methods: We designed and implemented a multidimensional framework to trace patients from admission through treatment as a path of events. The time between events for a similar set of paths was calculated. Then the average waiting time for each step of the treatment was calculated for men and women. Finally, we applied statistical analysis to determine differences in time between diagnosis and treatment steps for men and women.Discussions: There were statistically significant gender-based differences in the common path of diagnosis and treatment of patients with CAD. The average time for women from the first visit to diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization was more than 2 months than for men (358.77 vs. 291.83 days). By contrast, the average time from diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization to treatment Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) was not significant. Women with CAD requiring revascularization have a significantly longer interval between their first physician encounter indicative of CVD and their first diagnostic cardiac catheterization compared to men. Avoiding the delay in diagnosis and treatment will provide a better outcome for patients at risk.
Pedagogical intervention to improve didactics through science and innovation
Authors: Sierra Antonio Jesús Pérez , Brown Julio Montes , Maldonado Denisse Danya Rodríguez , Sainz Héctor Manuel Sarabia , González Juan Francisco Viera 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The main objective of the article is to analyze the pedagogical intervention to improve didactics through science and innovation in the teaching-learning process of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity. The research presented is qualitative, the study is descriptive, based on a non-experimental design. The participating subjects were selected intentionally, confirmed by the 31 eighth semester students of the Bachelor's Degree in Physical Culture and Sports of the University of Sonora, 16 of them are related to the female gender (51.62%), the other students are male 15 (48.38%). Of the eight teachers, five are female (62.5%), while three are male (37.5%). The methods applied were observation, questionnaire, review of documents, inclusion criteria and statistical analysis verifying the levels of reliability and validity of the data, which gave us a confidence interval of (90%), with a significance value of p=0.1. The SPSS program version 23 to determine the statistics presented in the materials and methods to deepen the importance of the art of teaching and integrating science and innovation as part of the structural categories that make up the didactics as: content, objectives, methods, means and evaluation for the welfare of the quality of education.
Novel Prognostic Implications of PAQR3 Expression in Breast Cancer after Curative Resection and Systemic Therapy
Authors: Zeng Shiyan , Lei Sun , Xiao Yun , Wang Qian , Zhang Purong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore the impact of progestin and adipoQ receptor 3 (PAQR3) on the outcomes for breast cancer patients who received curative resection and systemic therapy.Methods: The online databases consisting of 2,352 breast cancer patients were used to explore the association between PAQR3 expression and clinicopathological features. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis were performed to identify the survival predictive role of PAQR3. The internal validation strategies were applied.Results: PAQR3 expression was inversely correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression (P<0.0001), progesterone receptor (PR) expression (P<0.0001) and tumor grade (P<0.0001). Higher PAQR3 expression independently predicted shorter overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio (HR)=1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-1.37, P=0.0055) and recurrence free survival (RFS) (HR=1.28, 95%CI=1.04-1.45, P=0.0170) in breast cancer patients. In ER+ breast cancer and PR+ breast cancer, PAQR3 was associated with shorter OS (ER+: HR=1.28, 95%CI=1.11-1.48, P=0.0006; PR+: HR=1.30, 95%CI=1.09-1.56, P=0.0037) and RFS (ER+: HR=1.46, 95%CI=1.19-1.77, P=0.0002; PR+: HR=1.48, 95%CI=1.16-1.89, P=0.0016), but no such prognostic values of PAQR3 expression were found in ER- breast cancer and PR- breast cancer.Conclusions: PAQR3 serves as an independent outcomes predictor for breast cancer.
Effects of Long-Term Discharge of Acid Mine Drainage from Abandoned Coal Mines on Soil Microorganisms: Microbial Community Structure, Interaction Patterns and Metabolic Functions
Authors: Chen Di , Feng Qiyan , Liang Haoqian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
More than twenty abandoned coal mines in the Yudong River basin of Guizhou Province have discharged acid mine drainage (AMD) for a long time. The revelation of microbial community composition, interaction patterns and metabolic functions can contributes to the ecological remediation of AMD pollution. In this study, reference and contaminated soils were collected along the AMD flow path for high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the long-term AMD pollution promoted the evolution of γ-Proteobacteria, and the acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria Ferrovum (relative abundance of 15.50%) and iron-reducing bacteria Metallibacterium (9.87%) belonging to this class became the dominant genera. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that the proportion of positive correlations among bacteria increased from 51.02% (reference soil) to 75.16% (contaminated soil), suggesting that acidic pollution promotes the formation of mutualistic interaction networks of microorganisms. Metabolic function prediction (Tax4Fun) revealed that AMD contamination enhanced the microbial functions such as translation, repair, and biosynthesis of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide etc., which may be an adaptive mechanism for microbial survival in extremely acidic environment. In addition, the acidic pollution promoted the high expression of nitrogen fixing genes in soil, and the discovery of autotrophic nitrogen fixing bacteria such as Ferrovum provided the possibility of bioremediation of AMD pollution.
BCL7A as a novel prognostic biomarker for glioma patients
Authors: Liu Junhui , Gao Lun , Ji Baowei , Geng Rongxin , Chen Jing , Tao Xiang , Cai Qiang , Chen Zhibiao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and represents one of the most aggressive and lethal types of human cancer. BCL7 family has been found in several cancer types and could be involved in tumor progression. While the role of BCL7 family in human glioma has remained to be elucidated.Methods: Paraffin-embedded tumor samples were obtained to detect BCL7 expression by performing in glioma. Data (including normalized gene expression and corresponding clinical data) were obtained from Gliovis, CGGA, GEO, cBioportal and Oncomine and were used to investigate BCL7 genes expression in glioma. Survival analyses were calculated by Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression analysis in TCGA and CGGA. Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) and gene ontology (GO) analysis was employed to perform the biological processes enrichment.Results: BCL7A expression in glioma tissues was lower compared to non-tumor brain tissues (NBT), and exhibited a negative correlation with glioma grades. Results from Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and public dataset validation demonstrated that BCL7B and BCL7C were highly expressed in glioma tissues compared to NBT. Cox regression analysis identified BCL7A as the only gene in the BCL7 family that was independently associated with the prognosis of lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (GBM). GO and GSEA analyses revealed the potential contribution of BCL7A in adaptive immune response and neutrophil activation in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we found taht BCL7A had no prognostic effect on the overall survival of GBM patients who received IR only; however, patients who received chemotherapy (TMZ) combined with IR in the high BCL7A group survived longer than patients in the low BCL7A group (HR=0.346, P<0.05).Conclusion: BCL7A is a new tumor suppressor gene and can be adopted as a biomarker for independent prognosis in glioma and to evaluate response to TMZ.
Repair Effects of NGF and FPS-ZM1 on brains of epileptic rats
Authors: CHEN Qiao-bin , LI Dong-mei , FANG Qiong , CHEN Lang , ZHENG Xin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Epilepsy in children seriously affects the quality of life and learning ability of children.And it is very important for repairing the brain function of children after seizure.In this study ,we will investigates the neuroprotective effects of NGF and FPS-ZM1 by measuring HMGB1of hippocampus and serum after intervening the rats with NGF and FPS-ZM1. It would provide theoretical basis for the treatment of brain injury caused by epilepsy. Methods 130 Wistar male young rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (normal control group including 31 rats), group B (epilepsy group including 33 rats), group C (NGF group including 33 rats), group D (FPS-ZM1 group including 33 rats).9 living rats were randomly selected at 3hours,24hours and 72hours after the intervention from each group, blood samples and the hippocampus were taken .The expression of HMGB1 in hippocampus was measured by Western-blot, and the content of HMGB1 in serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The expression of HMGB1 in hippocampus and serum at each time point of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P < 0.01 ). And there was no significant difference among of 3h, 24h and 72h. The expression of HMGB1 in hippocampus and serum of group C and D was lower than that of group B at each time point, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In group D, the expressions of HMGB1 in hippocampus and serum of group D were lower than that of group C at 3hours and 24 hours, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), But there was no significant difference between group C and group D at 72 hours (P > 0.05). Conclusion HMGB1 was significantly increased in hippocampus and serum of epileptic rats, it was suggested that HMGB1 was involved in the inflammatory process of epilepsy and HMGB1 could be used as a marker of brain injury degree after seizure. NGF and FPS-ZM1 had the effect of repairing the brain after seizure. FPS-ZM1 is superior to NGF in the protection of nervous system.
Coexistence of dominant marine phytoplankton species sustained by nutrient specialization
Authors: Masuda Takako , Inomura Keisuke , Mareš Jan , Kodama Taketoshi , Shiozaki Takuhei , Matsui Takato , Suzuki Koji , Takeda Shigenobu , Deutsch Curtis , Prášil Ondřej , Furuya Ken 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are the two dominant picocyanobacteria in the low-nutrient surface waters of the subtropical ocean, but the basis for their coexistence in these biomes is still unclear. Here we combine in situ microcosm experiments and an ecological model to show that this coexistence can arise from specialization in the uptake of distinct nitrogen (N) substrates. In field incubations, the response of both Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus to nanomolar N amendments demonstrates N limitation of growth in both populations, but Prochlorococcus showed a higher affinity to ammonium whereas Synechococcus was more adapted to nitrate uptake. A simple ecological model demonstrates that the differential nutrient affinity of these species can explain their coexistence. Phylogenetic analysis of the presence of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase further support the higher nitrate affinity of Synechococcus compared to Prochlorococcus. Our study suggests that the evolution of differential nutrient affinities is an important mechanism for sustaining coexistence of species under resource competition.
Tracking the early depleting transmission dynamics of COVID-19 with a time-varying SIR model
Authors: Law Kian Boon , Peariasamy Kalaiarasu M , Gill Balvinder Singh , Singh Sarbhan Singh Lakha , Sundram Bala Murali , Rajendran Kamesh , Dass Sarat Chandra , Lee Yi Lin , Goh Pik Pin , Ibrahim Hishamshah Mohd , Abdullah Noor Hisham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) model offers the simplest framework to study transmission dynamics of COVID-19, however, it does not factor in its early depleting trend observed during a lockdown. We modified the SIR model to specifically simulate the early depleting transmission dynamics of COVID-19 to better predict its temporal trend in Malaysia. The classical SIR model was fitted to observed total (I total), active (I), and removed (R) cases of COVID-19 before lockdown to estimate the basic reproduction number. Next, the model was modified with a partial time-varying force of infection, given by a proportionally depleting transmission coefficient, βt, and a fractional term, z. The modified SIR model was then fitted to observed data over 6 weeks during the lockdown. Model fitting and projection were validated using the mean absolute percent error (MAPE). The transmission dynamics of COVID-19 was interrupted immediately by the lockdown. The modified SIR model projected the depleting temporal trends with lowest MAPE for I total, followed by I, I daily, and R. During lockdown, the dynamics of COVID-19 depleted at a rate of 4·7% each day with a decreased capacity of 40%. For 7–day and 14–day projections, the modified SIR model accurately predicted I total, I, and R. The depleting transmission dynamics for COVID-19 during lockdown can be accurately captured by time-varying SIR model. Projection generated based on observed data is useful for future planning and control of COVID-19.
Improving Drought Tolerance in Tobacco By Application of Salicylic Acid
Authors: Feng Yuqing , Zhao Yuanyuan , Li Yafei , Zhou Jun , Shi Hongzhi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Drought causes not only the decrease of tobacco yield and quality, but also the lowering of net photosynthetic rate, leading to reactive oxygen species accumulation and even the death of plants. Salicylic Acid is involved in regulating many plant physiological processes and has increasingly been applied to improve tolerance in plants exposed to drought stress. To explore the regulating mechanism of SA, flue-cured tobacco K326 was used in the hydroponic experiments to design PEG drought stress. The photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzymes activities and osmotic regulatory substances contents of tobacco seedlings under drought stress were investigated after 0.3 mmol L-1 SA treatment. Transcriptome sequencing and GO/KEGG analysis were also performed. The main results showed that SA-applied greatly increased the activities of SOD, POD, CAT activity, Pn, proline and soluble protein by 44.27%, 50.18%, 26.23%, 45.74%, 34.67% and 24.91% while reduced the MDA content by 23.89%. GO and KEGG analysis showed that SA treatment was able to up-regulate the genes involved in photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins. The conclusion is that SA application would effectively improve the ability of pigment biosynthesis and photosystem repair of tobacco under drought conditions, thus enhance the photosynthesis, reduce the accumulation of ROS and increase drought resistance, which would provide a measure for alleviating the damage of tobacco caused by drought stress.
Fault Location Measurement of Sensor Nodes based on Fuzzy Control Algorithm
Authors: Yu Nuo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of the traditional fault location measurement method for sensor nodes, such as more energy consumption and longer measurement time, a fault location measurement method for sensor nodes based on fuzzy control algorithm is designed and proposed. First of all, the fuzzy control algorithm is analyzed; then the clustering based on cluster head diagnosis is carried out for the network, that is, the nodes that meet the cluster head conditions and are set as normal cluster heads are selected as cluster heads. Finally, combined with the fuzzy control algorithm, the fault location of each cluster member node is measured directly by cluster head nodes. The simulation results show that the proposed method has good performance.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Monocyte Distribution Width and Procalcitonin in Sepsis Cases in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: LI CHIH-HUANG , Seak Chen-June , Chaou Chung-Hsien , Su Tse‐Hsuan , GAO SHI-YING , Chien Cheng-Yu , NG CHIP-JIN 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of patients with sepsis reduce mortality significantly. In terms of exploring new diagnostic tools of sepsis, monocyte distribution width (MDW), as part of the white blood cell (WBC) differential count, was first reported in 2017. MDW greater than 20 and abnormal WBC count together provided a satisfactory accuracy and was proposed as a novel diagnostic tool of sepsis. This study aimed to compare MDW and procalcitonin (PCT)'s diagnostic accuracy on sepsis in the emergency department.Methods: This was a single-center prospective cohort study. Laboratory examinations including CBC/DC, MDW, PCT were obtained while arriving at the ED. We divided patients into non-infection, infection without sepsis, sepsis, and sepsis-3 groups. This study's primary outcome is the sensitivity and specificity of MDW, PCT, and MDW+WBC in differentiating septic and non-septic patients. The cutoff value for MDW was established to maximize sensitivity at an optimal level of specificity.Results: From May 2019 to September 2020, 402 patients were enrolled for data analysis. Patient number in each group was: non-infection 64 (15.9%), infection without sepsis 82 (20.4%), sepsis 202 (50.2%), sepsis-3 15 (7.6%). The AUC of MDW, PCT, and MDW+WBC to predict sepsis was 0.753, 0.704, and 0.784, respectively. (p<0.01) The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of MDW using 20 as the cutoff in predicting sepsis were 86.4%, 54.2%, 76.4%, and 70%, compared to 32.9%, 88%, 82.5%, and 43.4% using 0.5 ng/mL as the PCT cutoff value. On combing MDW and WBC count, the sensitivity and NPV further increased to 93.4% and 80.3%, respectively. In terms of predicting sepsis-3, the AUC of MDW, PCT, and MDW+WBC was 0.72, 0.73, and 0.70, respectively. MDW, using 20 as cutoff, exhibited sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 90.6%, 37.1%, 18.7%, and 96.1%, respectively, compared to 49.1%, 78.6%, 26.8%, and 90.6% when 0.5 ng/mL PCT was used as cutoff. Conclusions: In conclusion, MDW is a more sensitive biomarker than PCT in predicting sepsis/sepsis-3 in the ED. MDW <20 shows a higher NPV to exclude sepsis-3. Combining MDW and WBC count further improves the accuracy in predicting sepsis but not sepsis-3.Trial registration: The study was approved by the Institution Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (No. 201900442B0) and registered to the ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT04322942).
Outcomes of Minimally Invasive, Small-Incision Unilateral Recession-Resection Surgery and Establishment of an Artificial Intelligence Predictive Mode
Authors: Xu Xin , Guo Lili , Miao Zequn , Ouyang Qianru , Zhang Jingyi , Li Yan , Meng Qingyu , Liang Shuting , Cao Yu , Tang Renhao , Wang Wensi , Wang Lejin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To observe the outcomes after minimally invasive, small-incision unilateral recession-resection (R&R) surgery and to establish an artificial intelligence (AI)-based operation design predictive model for modified strabismus surgery.METHODS: Basic intermittent exotropia (IXT) patients with an exodeviation angle between 20 and 85 prism diopters underwent the modified R&R surgery. The core procedure of the operation is to separate and completely resect the check ligaments. After at least six months of follow-up, the exodeviation angle, postoperative success rate, pre- and postoperative fusional function and change in stereopsis were observed retrospectively. The predictive model was established based on the successful cases; 38 related factors were entered into the model. The machine learning algorithm LightGBM was used to train the model.RESULTS: In all, 113 patients were included: 48 males and 65 females. The average follow-up time was 0.749 years. The surgical success, overcorrection and undercorrection rates were 85.8% (97/113), 2.7% (3/113) and 11.5% (13/113), respectively. There was a significant improvement in the fusional range from 14.61±8.43° preoperatively to 22.70±5.72° postoperatively (t=-9.726, P<0.001).Near stereoacuity improved more than 60% postoperatively. For distance stereoacuity, 47 (41.59%) patients showed recovery, with no significant difference regarding the presence or absence of stereoacuity (chi-square test, c2=3.762, P>0.05). The AI-based operation design predictive model was preliminarily established; the accuracy reached 95%.CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive, small-incision unilateral R&R surgery is effective for treating basic IXT, with a high postoperative success rate and good binocular functional recovery. This could be a better surgical design for treating basic IXT. A preliminary AI predictive model based on this operation was established.