bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compound Kushen Injection Induces Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction Through Promoting the Production of Platelet-Activating Factor via de Novo Pathway
Authors: Gao Yuan , Hai Lina , Kang Yuan , Qin Wenjie , Liu Fang , Cai Runlan , Yang Xiuwei , Qi Yun 
Published: October 2021

Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) is abis-herbal formulation extracted from Kushen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) and Baituling (Rhizoma Heterosmilacis Yunnanensis). Clinically, it is used as the adjuvant treatment of cancer. However, with the increased application, the cases of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHRs) also gradually rise. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism(s) and active constituent(s) for CKI-induced IHRs in experimental models. The obtained results showed that CKI did not elevate serum total IgE (tIgE) and mouse mast cell protease 1 (MMCP1) after consecutive immunization for 5 weeks, but could induce Evans blue extravasation (local) and cause obvious hypothermia (systemic) after a single injection. Further study showed that alkaloids in Kushen, especially matrine, were responsible for CKI-induced IHRs. Mechanism study showed that various platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonists could significantly counter CKI-induced IHRs locally or systemically. In cell system, CKI was able to promote PAF production in a non-cell-selective manner. In cell lysate, the effect of CKI on PAF production became stronger and could be abolished by blockingde novopathway. In conclusion, our study identifies, for the first time, that CKI is a PAF inducer. It causes non-immunologic IHRs, rather than IgE-dependent IHRs, by promoting PAF production throughde novopathway. Alkaloids in Kushen, especially matrine, are the prime culprits for IHRs. Our findings may provide a potential approach for preventing and treating CKI-induced IHRs.
Survival Analysis of Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder and the Effect of Surgical Treatment Modalities on Prognosis
Authors: Wu Jie , Shou Jian-Zhong , Wang Yu-Chen 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors of patients with lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the urinary bladder (LELCB) and explore the value of surgical treatment.Methods: Data of patients with LELCB were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The multivariate analysis was performed using the stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model and conditional inference tree method to identify significant prognosticators of overall survival (OS) from the parameters such as age, gender, lymph node involvement, tumor extent, radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery type. Literature review (LR) was performed, and eligible cases were used to validate prognostic classification using the Kaplan–Meier method with log-rank tests.Results: Sixty patients with a median age of 69.5 years were identified from the SEER database and 91 patients through LR. The Cox analysis identified age, gender, lymph node involvement, and surgical approach as independent prognosticators of OS. Based on the nomogram scores, patients were stratified into three prognostic groups: (I) patients younger than 70 years; (II) patients older than 70 years, who received bladder-sparing therapy (BST); and (III) patients older than 70 years undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). Patients in group II had the worst outcomes in terms of OS compared with patients in groups I and III (p &lt; 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively). A similar survival pattern was found in the LR cohort.Conclusion: The nomogram provided individualized prognostic quantification of OS in patients with LELCB. BST could yield favorable outcomes when treating LELCB, especially for younger patients, whereas older patients might derive more survival benefit from RC.
TINDAK TUTUR BAHASA DALAM GENDER DI SDK HARAPAN DENPASAR KELAS V
Authors: I Gede Neil Prajamukti Wardhana  
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTSocial beings do not live alone, depend on other people and always need it. Yule (2016: 118) stated that the term of speech act used to describe the actions like “asking” “commanding” “asking question” or “giving information”. This research was descriptive analysis research that finding speech act and also related with gender by student and teacher in the class. The sample of this research was grade 5A SDK Harapan, Denpasar in the academic year 2017/2018. The method of collecting data of this research was qualitative approach in the study case and also by observation method to students and teacher in elementary school. Data that collected was written conversation and sentence by students and types of speech act in gender. The results of this research was finding conversation and sentence happened in the class and compatible types of speech act and related with gender. One of these results of in this research was “indah banget ini bu” in terms of compliments (Kuntjara, 2003). Based on these results of this research is needed the concern from the teacher and school in doing the speech act and also in gender happening in the class as well as school.
Keywords: language, speech act and gender
ASIMILASI BUDAYA BALI DALAM GEREJA DI KABUPATEN BADUNG
Authors: Putu Chrisma Dewi  , Putu Chris Susanto  
Published: October 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali bentuk-bentuk asimilasi budaya yang terjadi di Gereja protestan dan Katholik termasuk di dalmnya menggali bagaimana peran asimilasi tersebut dalam pemertahanan budaya dan bahasa. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-kualitatif dan melibatkan dua gereja yang merupakan gereja awal dan mempengaruhi keberadaan gereja-gereja berikutnya di Bali. Wawancara dan studi pustaka dilakukan untuk menemukan jawaban untuk setiap permasalahan dalam penelitian ini. Asimilasi budaya dalam Gereja Protestan dan Katholik di Kabupaten Badung terjadi pada tataran bangunan, pakaian, tata ibadah, dan kegiatan kemasyarakatan. Asimilasi ini berpreran dalam pelestarian bahasa dan budaya Bali, secara tidak langsung bangunan fisik, tata keagamaan serta kegiatan-kegiatan kemasyarakatan yang mengusung budaya Bali akan mempengaruhi generasi muda untuk mempertahankan nila-nilai kebudayaan Bali.
Kata kunci: gereja, asimilasi, budaya
Generation of high-pH groundwaters and H2 gas by groundwater–kimberlite interaction, northeastern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Sader Jamil A. , Harrison Anna L. , McClenaghan M. Beth , Hamilton Stewart M. , Clark Ian D. , Sherwood Lollar Barbara , Leybourne Matthew I. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We report new isotopic data for H2 and CH4 gases and Sr for groundwater collected from Jurassic Kirkland Lake kimberlites in northern Ontario, Canada. Groundwaters interacting with kimberlites have elevated pH (up to 12.4), are reducing (Eh as low as the H2-H2O couple), are dominated by OH− alkalinity, and have non-radiogenic (mantle) 87Sr/86Sr values (∼0.706–0.707). Most significantly, the highest pH groundwaters have low Mg, high K/Mg, and are associated with abundant reduced gases (H2 ± CH4). Open system conditions favor higher dissolved inorganic carbon and CH4 production, whereas under closed system conditions low DIC, elevated OH− alkalinity, and H2 production are enhanced. Hydrogen gas is isotopically depleted (δ2HH2 = −771 to −801‰), which, combined with δ2HH2O, yields geothermometry temperatures of serpentinization of 5–25 °C. Deviation of H2-rich groundwaters (by up to 10‰) from the meteoric water line is consistent with Rayleigh fractionation during reduction of water to H2. Methane is characterized by δ13CCH4 = −35.8 to −68‰ and δ2HCH4 = −434‰. The origin of CH4 is inconclusive and there is evidence to support both biogenic and abiogenic origins. The modeled groundwater–kimberlite reactions and production of elevated concentrations of H2 gas suggest uses for diamond-production tailings, as a source of H2 for fuel cells and as a carbon sink.
Geometallurgical ore characterization of the high-grade polymetallic unconformity-related uranium deposit
Authors: Kaczowka Andrew J. , Kyser T. Kurt , Kotzer Tom G. , Leybourne Matthew I. , Layton-Matthews Daniel 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Cigar Lake is a polymetallic, unconformity-related uranium deposit with complex geochemistry and mineralogy located in the eastern Athabasca Basin of northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Variable concentrations and spatial distributions of elements of concern, such as As, Mo, Ni, Co, Se, and Zr, associated with the high-grade tetravalent uranium ores [UO2+x; U(SiO4)1–x(OH)4x] present unique mining, metallurgical, and environmental challenges. Sulfide and arsenide minerals have significant control over As, Mo, Ni, Co, and Se abundances and have properties that affect element of concern mobility, thus requiring consideration during mineral processing, mine-effluent water treatment, and long-term tailings management.
The U-bearing (uraninite, coffinite) and metallic arsenide (nickeline, often called “niccolite” in the past), sulfarsenide (gersdorffite, cobaltite), and sulfide (chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, bornite, chalcocite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite) minerals provide the main controls on the distributions of the elements of concern. Arsenic, Ni, and Co occur primarily in a reduced state as 1:1 molar ratio, Ni-Co:As, arsenide, and sulfarsenide minerals such as gersdorffite, nickeline, and cobaltite. Molybdenum occurs within molybdenite and uraninite. Selenium occurs within coffinite, sulfide, and sulfarsenide minerals. Zirconium is found within detrital zircon and coffinite.
The spatial distribution and paragenesis of U-, As-, and S-bearing minerals are a result of the elemental composition, pH, and redox conditions of early formational and later meteoric fluids that formed and have modified the deposit through access along lithostratigraphic permeability and tectonic structures. Using the holistic geometallurgical paradigm presented here, the geochemistry and mineral chemistry at Cigar Lake can be used to optimize and reduce risk during long-term mine and mill planning.
Paleoredox conditions, hydrothermal history, and target vectoring in the Macmillan Pass base-metal district, Yukon, Canada: 2 – Pyrite paragenesis and mineral chemistry
Authors: Leighton Claire , Layton-Matthews Daniel , Peter Jan M. , Gadd Michael G. , Voinot Alexandre , Leybourne Matthew I. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe MacMillan Pass district in Yukon, Canada, hosts the Tom and Jason clastic sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag-(Ba) deposits. Pyrite-bearing drill core samples were collected from seven drill holes that intersected sulfide mineralization and time-stratigraphically equivalent rocks at varied spatial distances extending up to 3 km away from the deposits to assess the relative timing of pyrite mineralization and the chemistry of pyrite paragenesis. There are four pyrite morphologies: framboids and polyframboids (Py1), subhedral to euhedral inclusion-free crystals (Py2a), silicate inclusion-bearing nodules with serrated edges (Py2b), and euhedral idiomorphic overgrowths on preexisting pyrite morphologies (Py3). These morphological varieties correspond in time from syngenetic to earliest diagenetic growth (Py1), early to late diagenetic growth (Py2a, Py2b), and metamorphic crystallization and/or recrystallization of previous textural varieties (Py3). A representative subset of pyrite grains was analyzed for trace element contents and distributions by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Analyses by LA-ICP-MS reveal that each textural variety of pyrite has a distinct trace element composition that also varies depending on stratigraphic unit. A suite of clastic sediment-hosted sulfide mineralization-related elements was incorporated into Py2 within sulfide mineralized units at greater abundances than that in unmineralized units (e.g., Zn, As, Pb, Tl, Bi). Lead abundances and Pb/Se and As/Mo values in pyrite are the most robust vectoring tools documented. The timing for clastic sediment-hosted Zn-Pb mineralization was syn and/or post late diagenesis (Py2b).A Ba-enriched horizon was identified in rocks and this is interpreted to be the distal time-stratigraphic equivalent unit to Zn-Pb mineralization. The Ba-enriched horizon contains Py2 with anomalous metal (Tl, Co, Mn, Cd, Zn, Sb) contents and abundant macroscopic baryte, and it is interpreted to represent the distal expression of sulfide mineralization-forming hydrothermal activity. Four genetic models for mineralization are reviewed; however, the only model that is consistent with our whole rock and pyrite geochemistry involves venting of buoyant hydrothermal fluid, mixing with ambient seawater, and remaining or sinking into unconsolidated sediments, with lateral migration up to 2–3 km from the vent source.
Exploration geochemistry of surficial media over the high-grade McArthur River uranium deposit, Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Beyer Steve R. , Kyser Kurt , Kotzer Tom G. , Ansdell Kevin , Quirt David 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
An orientation survey using surficial media was performed over the high-grade McArthur River unconformity-related U deposit (Saskatchewan, Canada) to test whether or not secondary dispersion of elements related to the ore body or alteration zone can be detected at the surface more than 500 m above the deposit. Organic-rich Ah-horizon soils, Fe-rich B-horizon soils, C-horizon soils, tree cores of Jack pine (Pinus banksiana), and glacially dispersed boulders of Manitou Falls Formation sandstone that host the U deposit were collected in four sampling grids near the mine site. Two of the grids overlaid the trace of the P2 fault that hosts the deposit and extends nearly to the surface, one grid overlaid both the P2 fault and one of the high-grade ore bodies (Zone 4), and one grid was located 2.5 km away from the ore body surface trace in the barren hanging wall of the P2 fault. The grid overlying the Zone 4 ore body had the highest proportion of samples with elevated U and low 207Pb/206Pb ratios, the latter indicative of radiogenic Pb from a high-U source, measured in two size fractions of Ah-horizon soils using Na pyrophosphate leach, pine tree cores using total digestion, and sandstone boulders using 2% HNO3 leach. A handful of pathfinder elements, such as As, Co, Ni, and Pb, are variably associated with the U and radiogenic Pb. Sandstone boulders with an assemblage of dravite + kaolinite ± illite, determined using shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy and matching the alteration mineralogy in the Manitou Falls Formation above the U deposit, were prevalent in the grid above the Zone 4 ore body and in the adjacent grid in the direction of glacial dispersion. A coarse fraction of the B-horizon soils, leached with 5% HNO3, highlighted the grid above the Zone 4 ore body to a lesser extent, whereas HNO3 leaches and aqua regia digests of C-horizon soil separates did not highlight the P2 fault or ore body trace due to influence by parent till mineralogy. Results of environmental monitoring at the mine site, which was active at the time of sampling, suggest that dust containing U, Pb, and radionuclides from waste rock piles and a ventilation shaft could influence A-horizon soil geochemistry near the mine site, and that U and radiogenic Pb anomalies in B- and C-horizon soils near the water table are close to a treated mine effluent discharge point. However, older trees that record elevated U and radiogenic Pb in annual rings that pre-date mining activity, and alteration mineralogy and geochemistry of boulders that are less susceptible to the influences of mining activity, add confidence that the geochemical anomaly in diverse surficial media above the Zone 4 ore body represents secondary dispersion from the underlying U deposit.
Mineralogy and petrogenesis of fracture coatings in Athabasca Group sandstones from the McArthur River uranium deposit
Authors: Valentino Marissa , Kyser T. Kurt , Leybourne Matthew I. , Kotzer Tom , Quirt David , Lypaczewski Philip , Layton-Matthews Daniel , Joyce Nicholas 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The McArthur River unconformity-related uranium deposit, located in the Athabasca Basin of Saskatchewan, Canada, is structurally hosted near the unconformity between Archean to Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary basement and the Proterozoic Athabasca Group sandstones. In this study, the mineralogy and geochemistry of fracture materials within the entire ca. 550 m thickness of the Athabasca Group sandstones and the metasedimentary (host) rocks from the McArthur River area were used to determine the paragenetic sequence and origin of minerals in and near the fractures. Our work sought to determine if the host minerals record elements associated with the uranium deposit at depth and if they could be used to guide exploration (vectoring). Fracture orientations indicate that most are moderately dipping (&lt;50°) and provided permeable pathways for fluid movement within the basin, from below, and through the overlying sedimentary rocks. Many of the fractures and adjacent wall rocks record evidence of multiple distinct fluid events.
Seven types of fracture fillings were identified from drill core intersecting the Athabasca Basin and present distinct colors, mineralogy, and chemical features. Brown (Type 1) and pink (Type 7) fractures host paragenetically late botryoidal goethite, Mn oxide minerals, and poorly crystallized kaolinite that formed from relatively recent low-temperature meteoric fluids, as indicated by poor crystallinity and low δ2H values of –198 to –115‰. These minerals variably replaced higher temperature minerals that are rarely preserved on the fractures or in wall rock near the fractures. Hydrothermal alteration associated with the mineralizing system at ca. 200 °C is recorded in assemblages of dickite, well-crystallized kaolinite, and spherulitic dravite in some white and yellow (Type 2) and white (Type 3) fractures, as reflected by the crystal habits and variable δ2H values of –85 to –44‰. Fibrous goethite in white and yellow (Type 2) and black and orange (Type 5) fractures and microfibrous Mn oxy-hydroxide minerals in black (Type 4) fractures also crystallized from hydrothermal fluids, but at temperatures less than 200 °C.
White and yellow fractures (Type 2) containing fibrous goethite reflect fracture networks indicative of hydrothermal fluids associated with the mineralizing system during primary dispersion of pathfinder elements and therefore extend the deposit footprint. Brown (Type 1) and pink (Type 7) fractures have low δ2H values in botryoidal goethite and poorly crystallized kaolinite and are indicative of the movement of meteoric waters. Secondary dispersion of elements from the deposit to the surface on some fractures is evidence that fractures are pathways for element migration from the deposit to the surface, over distances exceeding ∼500 m.
The conditional approach to evaluating detection performance
Authors: Schwarz Wolf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn many applied single-point Yes/No signal-detection studies, the main interest is to evaluate the observer’s sensitivity, based on the observed rates of hits and false alarms. For example, Kostopoulou, Nurek, Cantarella et al. (2019, Medical Decision Making, 39, 21–31) presented general practitioners (GPs) with clinical vignettes of patients showing various cancer-related symptoms, and asked them to decide if urgent referral was required; the standard discrimination index d′ was calculated for each GP. An alternative conditional approach to statistical inference emphasizes explicitly the conditional nature of the inferences drawn, and argues on the basis of the response marginal (the number of “yes” responses) that was actually observed. It is closely related to, for example, Fisher’s exact test or the Rasch model in item response theory which have long been valuable and prominent in psychology. The conditional framework applied to single-point Yes/No detection studies is based on the noncentral hypergeometric sampling distribution and permits, for samples of any size, exact inference because it eliminates nuisance (i.e., bias) parameters by conditioning. We describe in detail how the conditional approach leads to conditional maximum likelihood sample estimates of sensitivity, and to exact confidence intervals for the underlying (log) odds ratio. We relate the conditional approach to classical (logistic) detection models also leading to analyses of the odds ratio, compare its statistical power to that of the unconditional approach, and conclude by discussing some of its pros and cons.
Visual Field Analysis: A reliable method to score left and right eye use using automated tracking
Authors: Josserand Mathilde , Rosa-Salva Orsola , Versace Elisabetta , Lemaire Bastien S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBrain and behavioural asymmetries have been documented in various taxa. Many of these asymmetries involve preferential left and right eye use. However, measuring eye use through manual frame-by-frame analyses from video recordings is laborious and may lead to biases. Recent progress in technology has allowed the development of accurate tracking techniques for measuring animal behaviour. Amongst these techniques, DeepLabCut, a Python-based tracking toolbox using transfer learning with deep neural networks, offers the possibility to track different body parts with unprecedented accuracy. Exploiting the potentialities of DeepLabCut, we developed Visual Field Analysis, an additional open-source application for extracting eye use data. To our knowledge, this is the first application that can automatically quantify left–right preferences in eye use. Here we test the performance of our application in measuring preferential eye use in young domestic chicks. The comparison with manual scoring methods revealed a near perfect correlation in the measures of eye use obtained by Visual Field Analysis. With our application, eye use can be analysed reliably, objectively and at a fine scale in different experimental paradigms.
Les contraintes posées par la tradition à la création de l'image impériale
Authors: Hekster Olivier 
Published: October 2021

L’empereur romain est le centre du monde. Une figure aussi centrale devait être instantanément identifiable. Une conséquence de cela, c’est que les empereurs romains furent particulièrement contraints dans la manière dont ils purent se représenter. Dès le début de l’Empire, un répertoire a été forgé dans lequel on a puisé pour figurer les empereurs sur les monuments publics. Par ailleurs, il y eut une stabilité croissante des images à travers lesquelles les empereurs et les diverses catégories de populations dans l’empire purent communiquer. Les types de postures qui étaient figurées furent également tôt standardisées. Le développement de sémiotiques distinctes facilita l’identification de l’empereur, mais a limité leur latitude pour délimiter leur propre image. Dès le début de l’Empire, l’empereur paraît avoir eu trois principaux rôles à assumer : il était le commandant suprême des armées, le prêtre le plus élevé dans la hiérarchie, la source ultime de la loi et de la justice. Ces trois rôles ont été explicitement exprimés à l’intention des habitants de l’empire dès le règne d’Auguste à travers de multiples médias. Cette étude explore les contraintes que ces postures attendues et modalités de figuration posèrent à l’imagerie impériale. Dans quelle mesure les dirigeants romains furent-ils libres de définir dans ce domaine leur propre style ?
Luctatio civitatis: Augustus’ Res Gestae, Tiberius’ accession, and the struggle over Augustus’ legacy
Authors: Rowe Gregory 
Published: October 2021

In this paper I revisit the notorious debate in the Roman senate over Tiberius’ accession. The conventional view is that Tiberius began his reign with a refusal of power (recusatio imperii) and that the issue in the accession debate was whether or not Tiberius would rule. In this paper I use Augustus’ Res Gestae to argue that the issue in the debate was not whether Tiberius would rule, but about how : alone or with colleagues ?