bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI‐assessed locus coeruleus integrity is heritable and associated with multiple cognitive domains, mild cognitive impairment, and daytime dysfunction
Authors: Elman Jeremy A. , Puckett Olivia K. , Beck Asad , Fennema‐Notestine Christine , Cross Latonya K. , Dale Anders M. , Eglit Graham M. L. , Eyler Lisa T. , Gillespie Nathan A. , Granholm Eric L. , Gustavson Daniel E. , Hagler Donald J. , Hatton Sean N. , Hauger Richard , Jak Amy J. , Logue Mark W. , McEvoy Linda K. , McKenzie Ruth E. , Neale Michael C. , Panizzon Matthew S. , Reynolds Chandra A. , Sanderson‐Cimino Mark , Toomey Rosemary , Tu Xin M. , Whitsel Nathan , Williams McKenna E. , Xian Hong , Lyons Michael J. , Franz Carol E. , Kremen William S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe locus coeruleus (LC) undergoes extensive neurodegeneration in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). The LC is implicated in regulating the sleep–wake cycle, modulating cognitive function, and AD progression.MethodsParticipants were 481 men (ages 62 to 71.7) from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. LC structural integrity was indexed by neuromelanin‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast‐to‐noise ratio (LCCNR). We examined LCCNR, cognition, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and daytime dysfunction.ResultsHeritability of LCCNR was .48. Participants with aMCI showed greater daytime dysfunction. Lower LCCNR was associated with poorer episodic memory, general verbal fluency, semantic fluency, and processing speed, as well as increased odds of aMCI and greater daytime dysfunction.DiscussionReduced LC integrity is associated with widespread differences across cognitive domains, daytime sleep‐related dysfunction, and risk for aMCI. These findings in late‐middle‐aged adults highlight the potential of MRI‐based measures of LC integrity in early identification of AD risk.
TOMM40‐APOE haplotypes are associated with cognitive decline in non‐demented Blacks
Authors: Deters Kacie D. , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Yu Lei , Lutz Michael W. , Bennett David A. , Barnes Lisa L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe goal was to investigate effects of APOE‐TOMM40‐‘523 haplotypes on cognitive decline in non‐demented non‐Hispanic Blacks (NHB), and determine whether effects differ from non‐Hispanic Whites (NHW).MethodsThe impact of zero to two copies of the ’523‐Short variant (S; poly‐T alleles < 20) within apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype on a composite measure of global cognition and five domains was examined.ResultsIn NHB with ε3/ε3 (N = 294), ‘523‐S/S was associated with faster decline in global cognition (β = –0.048, P = 0.017), episodic memory (β = –0.05, P = 0.031), and visuospatial ability (β = ‐0.037, P = 0.034) relative to those without ‘523‐S. For NHB ε4+ (N = 182), ‘523‐S/S had slower decline in global cognition (β = 0.047, P = 0.042) and visuospatial ability (β = 0.07, P = 0.0005) relative to ‘523‐S non‐carriers. NHB ε4+ with ‘523‐S also had a slower rate of decline than NHWs ε4+ with ‘523‐S.Discussion‘523‐S/S has a different effect on cognitive decline among NHB dependent on APOE allele. Differences in the effect of ε4‐‘523‐S in NHB may explain prior mixed findings on ε4 and decline in this population.
Plasma p‐tau181, p‐tau217, and other blood‐based Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in a multi‐ethnic, community study
Authors: Brickman Adam M. , Manly Jennifer J. , Honig Lawrence S. , Sanchez Danurys , Reyes‐Dumeyer Dolly , Lantigua Rafael A. , Lao Patrick J. , Stern Yaakov , Vonsattel Jean Paul , Teich Andrew F. , Airey David C. , Proctor Nicholas Kyle , Dage Jeffrey L. , Mayeux Richard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionBlood‐based Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers provide opportunities for community studies and across ethnic groups. We investigated blood biomarker concentrations in the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP), a multi‐ethnic community study of aging and dementia.MethodsWe measured plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)40, Aβ42, total tau (t‐tau), phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)181, and p‐tau217, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) in 113 autopsied participants (29% with high AD neuropathological changes) and in 300 clinically evaluated individuals (42% with clinical AD). Receiver operating characteristics were used to evaluate each biomarker. We also investigated biomarkers as predictors of incident clinical AD.ResultsP‐tau181, p‐tau217, and NfL concentrations were elevated in pathologically and clinically diagnosed AD. Decreased Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and increased p‐tau217 and p‐tau181 were associated with subsequent AD diagnosis.DiscussionBlood‐based AD biomarker concentrations are associated with pathological and clinical diagnoses and can predict future development of clinical AD, providing evidence that they can be incorporated into multi‐ethnic, community‐based studies.
Leucine Zipper 4 Autoantibody: A Novel Germ Cell Tumor and Paraneoplastic Biomarker
Authors: Dubey Divyanshu , Kryzer Thomas , Guo Yong , Clarkson Benjamin , Cheville John C. , Costello Brian A. , Leibovich Bradley C. , Algeciras‐Schimnich Alicia , Lucchinnetti Claudia , Hammami M. Bakri , Knight Andrew M. , Howe Charles , Lennon Vanda A. , McKeon Andrew , Pittock Sean J. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to describe a novel biomarker of germ cell tumor and associated paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS).MethodsArchival sera from patients with germ cell tumor–associated PNS were evaluated. We identified a common autoantigen in a human testicular cancer cell line (TCam‐2) by Western blot and mass spectrometry. Its identity was confirmed by recombinant‐protein Western blot, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cell‐based assay. Autoantibody specificity was confirmed by analyzing assorted control sera/cerebrospinal fluid.ResultsLeucine zipper 4 (LUZP4)–immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected in 28 patients' sera, 26 of whom (93%) were men. The median age at neurological symptom onset was 45 years (range = 28–84). Median titer (ELISA) was 1:300 (1:50 to >1:6,400, normal value < 1:50). Coexistent kelchlike protein 11–IgG was identified in 18 cases (64%). The most common presenting phenotype was rhombencephalitis (17/28, 61%). Other presentations included limbic encephalitis (n = 5, 18%), seizures and/or encephalitis (n = 2, 7%), and motor neuronopathy/polyradiculopathy (n = 4, 14%). The most common malignancy among cancer‐evaluated PNS patients was seminoma (21/27, 78%). Nine of the 21 seminomas detected by whole‐body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan (43%) were extratesticular. Both female patients had ovarian teratoma. Regressed testicular germ cell tumors were found in 4 patients. Exposure of T‐cell–dendritic‐cell cocultures from chronic immunosuppression‐naïve LUZP4‐IgG–seropositive patients to recombinant LUZP4 protein evoked a marked increase in CD69 expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells when compared to vehicle‐exposed and healthy control cultures.InterpretationLUZP4‐IgG represents a novel serological biomarker of PNS and has high predictive value for germ cell tumors. The demonstrated antigen‐specific T‐cell responses support a CD8+ T‐cell–mediated cytotoxic paraneoplastic and antitumor potential. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1001–1010
Green synthesis and characterization of poly(glycerol‐azelaic acid) and its nanocomposites for applications in regenerative medicine
Authors: Hosseini Chenani Fatemeh , Rezaei Vahid Faghihi , Fakhri Vafa , Wurm Frederik R. , Uzun Lokman , Goodarzi Vahabodin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA series of novel bio‐polyester nanocomposites based on glycerin and azelaic acid as monomers incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles were fabricated via in situ polymerization method. Chemical structure of the samples was investigated by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Energy dispersive X‐ray‐mapping analysis illustrated that the nanoparticles were well dispersed in the poly (glycerol azelaic acid) (PGAZ) matrix. Viscoelastic properties of the samples under various frequencies were examined in which the PGAZ specimen containing 1.0 wt% of HA nanoparticles (PGAZH1.0) exhibited superlative properties. Furthermore, the alterations in the glass transition temperature of the samples were comprehensively discussed. Thermal gravimetric analysis displayed that nanocomposites generally have a difference in degradation patterns from that of the pristine sample. Dynamic contact angle demonstrated that the presence of HA nanoparticles imposed a significant influence on hydrophilicity. The hydrolytic degradation values at pH = 7 and pH = 11 were measured and determined that the degradation rate for the PGAZ sample containing 1.5 wt% HA (PGAZH1.5) was higher than those of the other samples. Moreover, in vitro studies elucidated that cell attachment on PGAZH1.0 and PAZH1.5 surfaces were acceptable.
Preparation and performance evaluation of hydrophobically associating polymer anti‐water channeling agent for oil well cement
Authors: Feng Qian , Yang Xiong , Peng Zhigang , Zheng Yong , Liu Huan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe channeling resistance of cement slurry is one of the critical factors related to cementing quality, especially in the cementing of adjustment well. Due to the complex pressure layer and large pressure fluctuation, the annular channeling problem is easily caused by water invasion. Using 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide (AM), maleic anhydride (MA), acrylic ester 18(St) as raw materials, we prepared a hydrophobic associative polymer (SMAL) by free radical micellar polymerization. The synthetic products were characterized by IR, NMR, and SEM, and the evaluated engineering application performance. The results showed that SMAL achieved the expected synthesis purpose. Compared with the water channeling pressure of 0.1 Mpa for blank cement slurry, the water channeling pressure of SMAL cement slurry reaches 5.3 Mpa, which significantly improves the anti‐water channeling ability of cement slurry. After adding SMAL, the 14d flexural strength of cement stone was also increased from 7.7 to 8.3 MPa, which had no adverse effect on cement slurry's rheological property.
Glycerol polymerization degree effect on the emulsifying properties of polyglycerol esters
Authors: Díaz‐Lasprilla Ana M. , Mercado Ronald A. , Ramírez‐Caballero Gustavo E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolymeric emulsifiers based on glycerol and oleic acid were developed and their properties evaluated in palm oil and water solutions. Developed polymeric emulsifiers were polyglycerol‐esters. Polymerization degree of polyglycerol‐esters at different dosages (from 0.2 to 3% w/v) had a significant effect over emulsion stability, water surface tension, droplet size, and viscosity. Polyglycerol‐ester with highest polymerization degree behaved more efficiently as emulsifier. A dosage of 0.5% w/v was required to maintain emulsion stability for a half‐life period of 872 min (~14.5 h); which, is 5.6 and 3.6‐fold longer stability than with the other two polyglycerol‐esters developed. When dosage increased to 3% w/v, the emulsion stability also increased to 3792 min (~2.6 days). Nevertheless, surfactants with lower polymerization degree and molecular weight did not behave the same way. Emulsifier with highest polymerization degree reduced water surface tension by 70% and the mean particle diameter decreased when emulsifier polymerization degree increased. For the viscosity parameter, there were two interesting regions: for shear rates up to 1 s−1 the emulsion behaved as Non‐Newtonian fluid type Shear‐thinning; while, higher shear rates, the viscosity exhibited a Newtonian profile.
Optical and thermal properties of commercial polymer film, modeling the albedo effect
Authors: Mohan Saeed D. , Davis Fred J. , Badiee Amir , Hadley Paul , Twitchen Carrie‐Anne , Pearson Simon , Gargan Ken 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGreenhouse cladding materials are an important part of greenhouse design. The cladding material controls the light transmission and distribution over the plants within the greenhouse, thereby exerting a major influence on the overall yield. Greenhouse claddings are typically translucent materials offering more diffusive transmission than reflection; however, the reflective properties of the films offer a potential route to increasing the surface albedo of the local environment. We model thermal properties by modeling the films based on their optical transmissions and reflections. We can use this data to estimate their albedo and determine the amount of short wave radiation that will be transmitted/reflected/blocked by the materials and how it can influence the local environment.
Intelligent sustained‐release microgel for reduced permeability of fluid channels: Synthesis and properties
Authors: Yu Qin , Song Kaoping , Cai Jiangchao , Li Jihang , Gao Tenglong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolymer microspheres as fluid diverting agents have been applied for profile control in deep reservoirs. However, its reservoir adaptability strictly requires the matching between the particle size and the pore radius, which are hard to realize due to uncertainty of pore radius caused by long‐term water flooding. That behavior has severely reduced their plugging performance to the large channel. The objective of this study was to prepare a kind of intelligent sustained‐release microgel to solve the problem, which could slowly release of sodium silicate during migration, form the larger aggregates and plug high permeability reaching deep reservoir. We developed a novel blocking agent, which is an amphoteric microgel (OICMS) synthesized by light‐initiated polymerization followed by the adsorption of a sodium silicate solution. The microgel properties, including the adsorption and release properties of a sodium silicate solution, and its influencing factors were investigated. The results showed that the OICMS had larger adsorption and release ratio of sodium silicate than conventional polymer microspheres, influenced by the ionic degree, molecular weight, amount of pore‐forming agent, and cross‐linking density.
High‐performance thermosets with tailored properties derived frommulti‐armstared vanillin and carbon fiber composites
Authors: Guo Zongwei , Xu Zice , Dong Zhiqiang , Zhang Mengjie , Chi Zhiyuan , Li Ming , Shang Lei , Ao Yuhui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVanillin, a rigid compound can be separated from lignin, is a promising sustainable candidate for industrial and high performance polymers, while synthesis of hexa‐epoxies is challenging. Meanwhile, carbon fiber reinforced bio‐based polymers combining high performance are more difficult to be achieved because of the contradictions of liquidity and high rigidity in the polymer structure and performance. In this paper, a novel hexa‐epoxy functionalized bio‐based epoxy resin (HPVIGEP) with a multi‐arm star structure, which simultaneously reduced the viscosity and improved thermo‐mechanical properties. The rheological behavior analysis results of HPVIGEP indicated that the viscosity was 3406.9 mPa·s at 25°C, which dramatically decreased by 75.8% compared to DGEBA (14,096 mPa·s), leading to excellent processability and adaptability. At the same time, the study on mechanical properties revealed that the cured HPVIGEP manifested 30.6%, 33.7% and 49.0% in higher tensile strength, tensile modulus and storage modulus (30°C) than of cured commercial epoxy, respectively. The tensile strength and flexural strength of carbon fiber composites which were applied HPVIGEP were increased by 9.3% and 10.9%, respectively. In a word, this work provides the promise for the application of environmentally friendly bio‐based composite materials.
Simple approach to fabricate MXene/cellulose paper for electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Authors: Zhan Yanhu , Meng Yanyan , Xie Qian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA simple approach was developed to fabricate high‐performance MXene/cellulose (MC)‐based electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding papers. The oriented MXene sheets located on one side of cellulose filter paper construct a continuous conductive layer, endowing the MC paper with high electrical conductivity (240.1 S/m) and excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (29.3 dB for 0.192‐mm thickness) at an MXene content of 0.72 vol%. Moreover, the EMI shielding effectiveness of four stacked MC papers reached 40.5 dB. This result means that 99.9911% of the microwave radiation is attenuated, and 0.0089% is transmitted, through the four‐piece MXene/cellulose filter papers. Therefore, MC paper has promising properties for excellent EMI shielding materials in current electronic devices.
Thermal dehydrochlorination of pure PVC polymer: Part I—thermal degradation kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Cruz Patrick Pimenta R. , da Silva Leonardo Cerqueira , Fiuza‐Jr Raildo A. , Polli Humberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThermal degradation of PVC occurs in two stages, with each stage subdivided into two substages. The first refers to the dehydrochlorination, where hydrochloric acid is formed, and giving polyene structures. Hitherto, the degradation mechanism and action of hydrochloric acid as a catalyst during the dehydrochlorination stage are poorly known. Recently, the importance of the tacticity has gained attention for its influence on the dehydrochlorination mechanism. The present work focused on the dehydrochlorination stage, studying the molecular structure by FTIR analysis and the kinetic parameters by TGA analysis in Nitrogen atmosphere, based on three mathematical methods: Friedman, Kissinger, and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa. The sample was a pure homopolymer obtained by suspension polymerization. The dehydrochlorination kinetics follows a first order reaction model and occurs by nucleation and growth. The dehydrochlorination begins with the loss of very labile chlorine atoms present in defective and isotactic molecular segments. The formed HCl acts as a catalyst in the degradation. Following 40% conversion, a drop in Ea is observed. After that, chlorine atoms present in syndiotactic and atactic sequences, are released and, added to the large number of polyene chain sequences, and an increase in Ea is observed up to 60% conversion, where the dehydrochlorination stage is concluded.
Injectable, dispersible polysulfone‐polysulfone core‐shell particles for optical oxygen sensing
Authors: Presley Kayla F. , Fan Fan , DiRando Nicole M. , Shahhosseini Melika , Rao Jim Z. , Tedeschi Andrea , Castro Carlos E. , Lannutti John J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInjectable sensors can significantly improve the volume of critical biomedical information emerging from the human body in response to injury or disease. Optical oxygen sensors with rapid response times can be achieved by incorporating oxygen‐sensitive luminescent molecules within polymeric matrices with suitably high surface area to volume ratios. In this work, electrospraying utilizes these advances to produce conveniently injectable, oxygen sensing particles made up of a core‐shell polysulfone‐polysulfone structure containing a phosphorescent oxygen‐sensitive palladium porphyrin species within the core. Particle morphology is highly dependent on solvent identity and electrospraying parameters; DMF offers the best potential for the creation of uniform, sub‐micron particles. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy confirms the existence of both core‐shell structure and oxygen sensitivity. The dissolved oxygen response time is rapid (<0.30 s), ideal for continuous real‐time monitoring of oxygen concentration. The incorporation of Pluronic F‐127 surfactant enables efficient dispersion; selection of an appropriate electrospraying solvent (DMF) yields particles readily injected even through a < 100 μm diameter needle.
Comparing the stability of successional transient models in kelp forests and barrens (south‐east Pacific): Implications for conservation monitoring
Authors: Ortiz Marco , Uribe Roberto A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Ecological stability based on statistical variability was contrasted with the asymptotical local stability of transient states during successional changes in community structure in kelp forests and barren grounds.
Simplified semi‐quantitative ecological models with different levels of complexity were constructed to represent transient successional states in kelp and barrens, and Routh–Hurwitz's criteria and Levins' criterion of local stability were also estimated.
The results suggest that ecological stability based on statistical variation does not match local (mathematical) stability, since although successional changes in kelp exhibited less variability (measured as percentage coefficient of variation), barren beds were more locally stable. The local stability criteria used in the current work could be a suitable technique for evaluating the likelihood of transient ecological states to resist or change, since it considers states at equilibrium to maintain their properties only against small disturbances.
These outcomes are relevant because the natural alternation between kelp and barrens could be disrupted by the intensive harvest of kelp species carried out over the last 10 years on the central‐north Chilean coast and in other temperate ecosystems.
Additionally, the negative effects of harvesting kelp species could have a synergetic relationship with other drivers such as climate change and coastal pollution. Thus, strict policy managements to limit the kelp harvest are deeply encouraged. A monitoring programme for assessing the current conditions of benthic–pelagic ecosystems along the Chilean coast is also required.
Protein and phytohormone profiles of Mahanarva spectabilis salivary glands infesting different forages
Authors: Monteiro Luana P. , Silva Júnior Neilier R. , Vital Camilo E. , Barros Rafael A. , Barros Edvaldo , Auad Alexander M. , Pereira Jorge F. , Ramos Humberto J. de O. , Oliveira Maria G. de A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGiven the importance of pastures for feeding cattle, the study of factors that affect their productivity is essential to get plant material of higher nutritional quality. Thus, the study of insect–plant interaction is important for the development of control strategies. Pasture spittlebugs affect forage grasses causing severe damage. We tested hormone and protein profiles differentially expressed in the salivary glands of Mahanarva spectabilis when fed with different pasture genotypes. The LC/MS approaches combined with bioinformatics tools were used to identify the mains biological processes in the salivary glands. The grouping revealed a greater number of proteins involved in biological processes of metabolic synthesis, biotic/abiotic stress, and ion transport across the membrane. The proteomic profiles were altered when insects were fed with different grasses. We also detected phytohormones in the salivary glands involved in the modulation of defense responses in host plants. These results allowed the analysis of important biological processes such as cell homeostasis, stress proteins, nucleic acid metabolism, regulation of muscle contraction, and transport and export of biomolecules. This represents an important advance in the understanding of the plant–pest interaction and can contribute to the choice of target elicitors, which allow effective strategies in the control of pasture spittlebugs.