bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Matter Sequestration Under Coffee Plantation Based on Slope and Crop Age in Sibarasok Maninjau, West Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Yasin S , Maira L , Yulnafatmawita  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Organic matter is one parameter of soil properties which can be used as an indicator of soil physical quality and environmental sustainability. The objective of this research was to determine the amount of OM being sequestered under coffee plantation based on slope and crop age at the top 30 cm soil. The research took place in Sibarasok Maninjau, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Indonesia, on which the coffee plantation has been started since the Dutch colonial (in 1936). Based on the research conducted, it was found that the SOC content on the top 30 cm soil was quite high, it reached 4.44% to 7.39% while on the top 5 cm was 8.37%-12.58%. After being calculated with the bulk density of the soil, the stock of OM on the top 30 cm soil was 244 to 368 Mg/ha. Slope showed significant difference on the SOM content. The soil was dominated by loam texture with coarse (sand + silt) particles was > 76%, therefore, it had high hydraulic conductivity (12.80 cm/h), but low bulk density (0.93 Mg/m3), medium total soil porosity (64.73%), and high aggregate stability (137.81) in average.
Analysis Antioxidant IC50 Liquid Smoke of Cocoa Skin with Several Purification Methods
Authors: Budaraga I K , Putra D P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cocoa skin waste can be used as the raw material for making liquid smoke by pyrolysis. Liquid smoke has a function as the preservative in food. The use of liquid smoke as the preservative must go through several purification processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant content of cocoa skin liquid smoke in several purification methods. The purification process uses several methods in purifying liquid smoke, such as distillation, purification with zeolite, purification by active charcoal and the mixture of zeolite and active charcoal. The results of IC50 antioxidant activity of cocoa skin liquid smoke by distillation, purification with zeolite, purification with active charcoal and combined purification between active charcoal and zeolite obtained IC50 values of 217.55 ppm for the distillation method, 164.15 ppm for purification with active charcoal and zeolite, 143.43 ppm for purification with zeolite and 44.05 ppm for purification with active charcoal. Purification with active charcoal is the best treatment and has a very strong category of Antioxidants compared to the other three treatments.
Optimization of the Growth of Pediococcus pentosaceus Strain 2397 in Inhibiting Pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Pato U , Yusuf Y , Fitriani S , Tartila  , Yeni R , Fadillah F , Husnaini L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a pathogenic bacteria that can cause listeriosis in humans, generally transmitted through food. Various food preservatives have been used to prevent contamination from LM in food; one of them is bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria. The purpose of the present study was to determine the optimum growth conditions for Pediococcus pentosaceus strain 2397 isolated from dadih in inhibiting LM in vitro assay. The supernatant’s antimicrobial activity obtained from Pediococcus pentosaceus strain 2397 against LM was determined using a well diffusion method. The results showed that the supernatants from strain R-55 could inhibit LM’s growth with various inhibition zones. The optimal growth conditions for Pediococcus pentosaceus strain 2397 to perform its antimicrobial activity against LM were at 72 h of incubation time, pH 6.3, and 2, 5% of starter concentration with an inhibition zone of 12, 3 mm.
The Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content, Fiber Content, Color, and Sensory Evaluation of Chicken Meatball with Addition of Pennywort Powder (Centella asiatica L.)
Authors: Melia S , Sukma A , Rakhmadi A , Wati F W , Ani L P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of pennywort powder fortification (Centellaasiatica L.) on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, fiber content, and color of chicken meatball. The meat substance had used in this study was taken from egg-post-production chicken in Lubuk Minturun, Padang, and the pennywort powder made from pennywort leaves (Centellaasiatica L.). The experimental method had use 5 treatments 0% (control), 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% pennywort powder fortification. All treatments were conducted with four replications. The result shown utilize Pennywort Powder (Cantellaasiatica L) on post-production-leghorn meatball up to 4% increased antioxidant activity to 71.165%, phenolic content 457.05 mg GAE/Kg and fiber 15.35 %. However, the color pennywort powder decreases the value of L* (50.71-33.40), a* (1.08-(-2.01)) and b* (11.15-10.18). To sum up, chicken meatball with pennywort powder fortification is still favored by consumers.
Investigation of a Proper Sampling Position for Freshness Assessment of Cabbage by Spectrophotometric-Chemo Metric Approach
Authors: Syukri D , Wellyalina  , Nanda R F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the differences of cabbage’s layers based on their responses to the environmental conditions. The differences between layers were observed according to the spectrophotometric evaluation. The three outer layers of a fresh cabbage were separated, sampled and put into extraction tubes. The metabolites inside the each layer were extracted by the mixture of isopropanol and hexane (2:1) and analyzed by a spectrophotometer with a scanning analytical mode from 200 nm to 800 nm. The obtained data were analyzed with a metabolomics statistical software. Based on the statistical results, it can be concluded that each layer of cabbage has a specific profile of metabolites distribution. Each layer has produced different responses to the environment after harvest where the first layer indicated more sensitive to the environmental conditions. Therefore, the selection of the first layer of cabbage is not proper for any evaluation relating to postharvest investigations.
Addition of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Concentration on Lemongrass Extract Ice Cream
Authors: Manurung A M , Ayu D F , Johan V S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to obtain the best concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the physical quality and organoleptic properties of lemongrass extract ice cream. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consists of five treatments and three replications. The treatments performed were P1 (addition of 0.5 % CMC), P2 (addition of 0.75% CMC), P3 (addition of 1% CMC), P4 (addition of 1.25% CMC), and P5 (addition of 1.5% CMC) on lemongrass ice cream formulation. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then continued with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 5% level. The results of the research showed that the addition of CMC concentration significantly affected total solids, overrun, melting rate (minutes/10 g), viscosity, and mouthfeel sensory of the ice cream. The best treatment was P1 (addition of 0.5% CMC) which had 33.46% total solid, 38.51% overrun, 16.56 minutes/10 g melting rate, and 22470.00 cP viscosity. Result of the descriptive test on the ice cream with the addition of 0.5% CMC was soft and panelists liked the ice cream for the mouthfeel parameter.
Characteristics Of Glucose Syrup From Various Sources Of Starch
Authors: Harni M , Putri S K , Gusmalini  , Handayani T D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Glucose syrup is a type of sugar that is widely used in the processed food industry, such as the confectionery industry, beverages, and in addition can also be used as raw materials of the pharmaceutical industry and chemical industry. The large use of glucose syrup in the industry demands to review glucose syrup from other sources of starch because each region has different agricultural potential. This research was conducted to see how the properties of other starch sources are then compared to the standard that is from cassava starch so that it can be suggested for the use of other sources of starch.
The program in this study was RAL 5 treatment 3 replays with one treatment as a control. Observation of glucose syrup in accordance with the standard glucose syrup namely SNI (Indonesia’s National Standards) No.01-2978-1992 covers raw material starch content, water content, ash content, and reducing sugar content. Further tests are conducted by way of Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a real rate of 5%. Based on the results of research that has been done sago starch is the best treatment with the following chemical characteristics: 82, 35% raw material starch level, water content 13, 20%, ash content 0, 3% and glucose syrup content 50, 51%.
Optimization of Production Instant Madura Corn Rice using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Hidayat K , Asfan  , Asfan D F , Anggraini N , Mahpur M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Corn commodity in the territory of Indonesia including Madura ranks second after rice. Corn (Zea mays L.) is a food source with a high carbohydrate content. One of Madura’s local corn is Talango corn, which has large cobs and a lower setback value compared to other corn. In various regions in Indonesia corn is used as a staple food instead of rice because there are carbohydrates contained in corn. One of the famous corn preparations in the community is corn rice. Instant corn rice is an instant food product that goes through an instantiation process so that the cooking process will be faster, easier and practical. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of boiling time and calcium hydroxide concentration on the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of instant Madura corn rice and determine the optimum value and the best composition of instant Madura corn rice. The research method used was Response Surface Methodology with 2 factors, i.e boiling time (20; 30; 40; 50; 60) minutes and calcium hydroxide concentration (0; 0.5, 1; 1.5; 2) %. The results showed that the boiling time and calcium hydroxide concentration did not affect the water content, cooking time and sensory. The optimum value with the best composition is based on sensory characteristics at a boiling time of 60 minutes and a calcium hydroxide concentration of 0% (0 grams) with a desirability value of 0.9087.
Species Composition of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) at Solok Botanical Garden, Solok, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Amanda A K , Herwina H , Dahelmi  , Janra M N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The research about species composition of butterflies at Solok Botanical Garden, Solok, West Sumatera had been conducted from June-July 2020, by surveying three types of habitat; pine woods, rubber plantation and bushes. Specimen collection was conducted by walking along the paths within the surveyed habitats and butterflies were caught using insect net. A total 43 species from 24 genera and four families were collected. Nymphalidae identified as family with the highest species number (29 species), followed by Pieridae (six species), Papilionidae and Lycaenidae (four species each). Neptis hylas, with 11 individuals, was recorded with most individual number. About 14 species were recorded exclusively at pine woods, 11 typical species captured at bushes while only three typical species observed at rubber plantation.
Ant Diversity in Campus Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, West Sumatra
Authors: Okanti J R , Herwina H , Satria R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Measuring biodiversity of ants in urban area is an essential part in management concept of invasive and tramp species. The aim of this study was to investigate ground-dwelling ant species diversity in the campus of Universitas Negeri Padang. Honey baited trap was applied to collect ants at two sites in this area. A total 11 species of ants belonging to 9 genera, 3 subfamilies were identified in the main campus of Universitas Negeri Padang. The highest diversity was by the subfamily Myrmicinae (with four genera, Monomorium, Pheidole, Solenopsis, Tetramorium), and followed by Formicinae (three genera, Nylanderia, Oecophylla, Paratrechina), and Dolichoderinae (two genera, Dolichoderus, Tapinoma). The location of campus Universitas Negeri Padang which is near the coastline and in the center of the city, have affected the biodiversity of ants. In the present study, invasive and tramp species were recorded in this area.
Study of the process-induced cell damage in forced extrusion bioprinting
Authors: Han Seungsu , Kim Chul Min , Jin Songwan , Kim Taig Young 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With remarkable developments in technologies, the possibility of replacing injured tissue or organs with artificial ones via three-dimensional bioprinting is being improved. The basic prerequisite for successful application of bioprinting is high cell survival following printing. In this study, numerical calculations and experiments were performed to understand cell damage process incurred by forced extrusion bioprinters. Compressible and shear stresses were presumed to play a pivotal role within the syringe and needle, respectively, based on numerical calculation. To verify the numerical results, two experiments—pressurization in a clogged syringe and extrusion through syringe-needle—were conducted, and the damaged cell ratio (DCR) were measured by live/dead assays. Shear stress of needle flow had a great influence on DCR of discharged bioink, whereas effect of compressible stress in clogged syringe was relatively small. Cell damage in the needle flow is affected by moving distance under load as well as magnitude of shear stress. Applying this concept the differential equation of DCR growing was established, similar to the historied logistic equation for population dynamics, and the mathematical formula to predict DCR was explicitly represented splendidly as a function of only one independent variable, pressure work. The proposed formula was able to effectively predict DCR measurements for 43 bioprinting conditions, and the exactness confirmed the hypothesis for the theory. The presence of safe core zone, which may be related to the critical shear stress and stressed duration on cells, was theoretically conjectured from the DCR measurements, and further studies are necessary for an extensive and profound understanding. Fast printing is required for efficiency of a bio-structure fabrication; however, the higher shear stress accompanying increased operating pressure to speed up bioink discharge rate causes more cell damage. Employing the accurate formula presented, the optimal bioprinting conditions can be designed with ensuring targeted cell viability.
Gold nanoparticles-decorated paper-based sensor for rapid cyanide detection in water
Authors: Budlayan Marco Laurence , Lagare-Oracion Jeanne Phyre , Dela Rosa Lyka , Rodriguez Mikee Joy , Manigo Jonathan , Alguno Arnold , Austria Eleanor , Arco Susan , Patricio Jonathan , Deocaris Custer , Basilia Blessie , Capangpangan Rey 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, a versatile sensing platform based on a commercially available filter paper for the development of a colorimetric sensor using label-free gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the detection of cyanide in water is presented. The developed sensor can be applied for the direct detection of cyanide from an aqueous sample efficiently in a wide concentration range. The synthesised AuNPs were found to have an average size of about 13.2 ± 2.65 nm with a surface plasmon resonance peak at around 525 nm. Successful integration of AuNPs on the WFP substrate was observed through the FESEM-EDX analysis and supported by the presence of an absorbance peak at about 528 nm on the spectrum of the WFP-AuNPs composite. The colour of the WFP-AuNPs composite changed from purple-red to white in the presence of cyanide. Using the paper-based sensor, the limit of detection is calculated to be 7.68 × 10−6 M (0.5 ppm). The said sensitivity is good enough for the determination of cyanide in industrial wastewater samples. The developed sensor also showed excellent selectivity towards cyanide over other ions, demonstrating its practical applicability to monitor cyanide contamination in different environmental samples. Furthermore, the applicability of the sensor was demonstrated using several real water samples spiked with cyanide, including creek and tap water. Notably, the sensor showed great promise for the rapid, cost-effective, and versatile monitoring of cyanide contamination in various aqueous samples.
Development and review of a sub-millimeter-sized cell-scale micro-magnetic stimulation device
Authors: Zheng Yu , Xia Pei , Dong Lei , Tian Lei , Tian Chunxiao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The development of modern micro-processing technology has led to the design and production of sub-millimeter-sized coils. A novel type of micro-magnetic stimulation (μMS) regulatory technology has widely been researched in recent years. This technology has several advantages, including small size, no contact between tissues and the metal coil, and high spatial resolution. Considering some problems with the μMS control technology in practical applications, different kinds of μMS devices have been developed, including an in vitro single-point μMS device, an in vivo implantable single-point μMs device, a discrete-array μMS device, and an in vivo implantable-array μMs device. Given the problems that currently exist in the design and implementation of this device, such as the key problems of structural design, implantation method, experimental safety, and reliability of the device, we review the development process in detail. We also discuss the precise targeting advantage of this device, which is likely to be of great significance for wide-ranging applications of magnetic stimulation technology.
Hollow N,C-co-doped carbon-coated ZnS nanospheres derived from metal organic framework (ZIF-8) with improved lithium and sodium storage performance
Authors: Cheng Amei , Hu Yini , Yue Ming , Fu Junxiao , Wu Huimin , Wang Shiquan , Liu Jianwen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Transition metal sulfides have been widely used as anode electrodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and low price. However, problems of huge volume expansion and poor conductivity during charging and discharging have been emerged. Herein, we design a N, C-co-doped, nano-sized, and hollow carbon-coated ZnS (ZnS-NC@C) composite using the advantages of metal organic framework (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8) structure and resorcinol-formaldehyde coating. When applied as anodes of LIBs and SIBs, it displays a high reversible capacity of 748 and 150.9 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at the current density of 1.0 A g−1, respectively. This work could provide a promising strategy for enhancing the performance of transition metal sulfides for potential applications in LIBs and SIBs.
Time-resolved in-situ x-ray diffraction study of CaO and CaO:Ca3Al2O6 composite catalysts for biodiesel production
Authors: Bonaccorso A Damiano , Papargyriou Despoina , Fuente Cuesta Aida , Magdysyuk Oxana V , Michalik Stefan , Connolley Thomas , Payne Julia L , Irvine John T S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Alternative and sustainable waste sources are receiving increasing attention as they can be used to produce biofuels with a low carbon footprint. Waste fish oil is one such example and can be considered an abundant and sustainable waste source to produce biodiesel. Ultimately this could lead to fishing communities having their own ‘off-grid’ source of fuel for boats and vehicles. At the industrial level, biodiesel is currently produced by homogeneous catalysis because of the high catalyst activity and selectivity. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysis offers several advantages such as improved reusability, reduced waste and lower processing costs. Here we investigate the phase evolution of two heterogeneous catalysts, CaO and a Ca3Al2O6:CaO (‘C3A:CaO’) composite, under in-situ conditions for biodiesel production from fish oil. A new reactor was designed to monitor the evolution of the crystalline catalyst during the reaction using synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction. The amount of calcium diglyceroxide (CaDG) began to increase rapidly after approximately 30 min, for both catalysts. This rapid increase in CaDG could be linked to ex-situ nuclear magnetic resonance studies which showed that the conversion of fish oil to biodiesel rapidly increased after 30 min. The key to the difference in activity of the two catalysts appears to be that the Ca3Al2O6:CaO composite maintains a high rate of CaDG formation for longer than CaO, although the initial formation rates and reaction kinetics are similar. The Ca for the CaDG mainly comes from the CaO phase. In addition, towards the end of the second test utilising the CaO catalyst (after 120 min), there is a rapid decrease in CaDG and a rapid increase in Ca(OH)2. This was not observed for the Ca3Al2O6:CaO catalyst and this is due to Ca3Al2O6 stabilising the CaO in the composite material. No additional calcium containing intermediate crystalline phases were observed during our in-situ experiment. Overall this specialised in-situ set-up has been shown to be suitable to monitor the phase evolution of heterogeneous crystalline catalysts during the triglycerides transesterification reaction, offering the opportunity to correlate the crystalline phases to activity, deactivation and stability.
Associations of Reduced Ambient PM2.5 Level With Lower Plasma Glucose Concentration and Decreased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Bo Yacong , Chang Ly-yun , Guo Cui , Lin Changqing , Lau Alexis K H , Tam Tony , Yeoh Eng-Kiong , Lao Xiang Qian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It remains unknown whether reduced air pollution levels can prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated the associations between dynamic changes in long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter, defined as particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and incidence of type 2 diabetes. A total of 151,398 adults (ages ≥18 years) were recruited in Taiwan between 2001 and 2014. All participants were followed up for a mean duration of 5.0 years. Change in PM2.5 (ΔPM2.5) was defined as the value at a follow-up visit minus the corresponding value at the immediately preceding visit. The PM2.5 concentration in Taiwan increased during 2002–2004 and began to decrease in 2005. Compared with participants with little or no change in PM2.5 exposure, those with the largest decrease in PM2.5 had a decreased FPG level (β = −0.39, 95% confidence interval: −0.47, −0.32) and lower risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio = 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.80, 0.93). The sensitivity analysis and analyses stratified by sex, age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, and hypertension generally yielded similar results. Improved PM2.5 air quality is associated with a better FPG level and a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes development.