bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perkembangan Terapi Farmakologis pada Gagal Jantung Akut Dekompensasi
Authors: Nursabur Bistamy Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Gagal jantung akut dekompensasi ialah penyakit pada jantung yang merupakan manifestasi dari gagal jantung yang kronik maupun dapat muncul secara de novo. Dengan prevalensi kejadiannya yang tinggi, maka terdapat berbagai pengembangan dan penemuan baru dari terapi-terapi secara farmakologis.Metode: Artikel ini ditulis menggunakan metode literature review, meliputi 24 sumber yang berasal dari jurnal dan buku berbahasa inggris hasil literature searching dari search engine Google Scholar.Pembahasan: Kontrol neurohormonal yang terganggu menyebabkan terjadinya gagal jantung akut dekompensasi yang ditandai dengan peningkatan cairan yang abnormal pada plasma darah sehingga bermanifestasi pada berbagai kelainan yang terjadi pada jantung dan paru-paru. Sistem saraf simpatis, sistem renin-angiotensin-aldosteron, vasopresin arginin, dan peptida natriuretik mengalami peningkatan fungsi dan konsentrasi yang berperan dalam gagalnya kontrol neurohormonal dari jantung. Selain itu, gagal jantung menyebabkan dilepaskannya molekul-molekul seperti adrenomedullin dan troponin kardiak. Berbagai terapi farmakologis dikembangkan sebagai manajemen dari gagal jantung akut dekompensasi, yaitu adrecizumab, sacubitril-valsartan, donor nitroxyl, dan diuretik.Simpulan: Penelitian-penelitian terhadap terapi-terapi farmakologis pada gagal jantung akut dekompensasi perlu terus dilakukan dalam menemukan terapi-terapi yang baru maupun mengembangkan terapi yang sebelumnya sudah diterapkan.Kata kunci: gagal jantung akut dekompensasi, terapi
Time to initial physician contact: Operational changes assessment
Authors: Jenkins Dominic , Thomas Sarah Alice , Hannan Ashad , Pathare Ankush , Hodges Thomas Stephen , Pathan Sameer A. 
Published: July 2021

Background: The time to initial physician contact or time for medical doctor (tMD) is one of the crucial key performance indicators for the emergency department (ED). The “tMD” helps in improving medical care, administrative benefits, and operational changes. The main aim of this study was to assess the effects of different operational changes on tMD. Methods: The study was a prospectively designed analysis for one year. Data were collected via the study center's electronic records. The study was divided into three operational events (increase in number of consultants, change of shift timings, and increase in consultants covering a shift) in comparison with the baseline (prestudy) period. Data were then downloaded and imported into the statistical software package Stata for a detailed analysis. Results: The study commenced on July 1, 2016, with a 52-week period and 418,899 patient encounters. The coefficient for tMD slope improvement as compared with baseline with confidence interval (CI) and p value was: Phase 1: −2.5 [CI: −4.1 to −0.97 (p = 0.002)]; Phase 2: −1.6 [CI: −2.8 to −0.37 (p = 0.031)]; and Phase 3: −2.4 [CI: −3.4 to −1.4 (p < 0.001)]. The study phases showed a significant improvement over the baseline study period. Conclusion: The study results indicate that different types of interventions (e.g.,., changing shift times, increasing total hours of MD coverage throughout the day) had demonstrated different apparent effects in this study's ED. Further work in this study's ED should aim to continue to reduce absolute tMD and decrease variation by homogenizing dispersion as much as possible across the 24 hours of a day. ED has no control over the concentration or spread of visitors over the period of the day. The data were useful for guiding operations planning both during the study period and thereafter, as operations continue to focus on optimizing tMD.
Was a forced lockdown adequate for a country in conflict? A psychological perspective from the Syrian population
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Mansour Sabina , Ghareeb Amjad 
Published: July 2021

Background: Syria has suffered for nine years from a conflict that left over 11.1 million inhabitants in need of humanitarian assistance and over 80% in poverty. A ten-week-long full lockdown was enforced in Syria and successfully minimized the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to estimate the occurrence of mental health disorders after lockdown termination among the citizens of war-torn Syria.
Methods: Online questionnaires, which included demographic and war-related questions, Dimensions of Anger Reactions 5 (DAR-5) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were distributed to different social media groups.
Results: This study recruited 1445 participants, of which 515 (35.6%) were males, the mean age was 24.8 ± 6.3 years, 38% had problematic anger, 64% had moderate to very severe depression, 42.9% had moderate to severe anxiety and 39.7% had moderate to severe stress. Increased living expenses, not being able to go out and a reduced ability to earn income and provide food were significantly associated with the psychological burden after the lockdown (p < 0.05). The association of war variables with mental disorders was weaker than the effect of the deteriorating economy. Other healthcare workers had more severe distress than doctors, who themselves were found to have less distress than the general population (p < 0.05). Anger scores were approximately equal, regardless of the type of work. Finally, shisha smoking was associated with worse mental health (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The psychological burden of the damaged economy surpassed the direct damage due to COVID-19 and the effect of years of conflict. Urgent interventions are required, as this burden may continue for years, if not for decades. A full lockdown in countries with fragile economies may delay the spread of the virus, but it will severely damage the economy, which will lead to a deterioration of the mental health of their citizens.
The Neglected History of Furū’ and the Premodern/Modern Binary
Authors: Katz Marion 
Published: July 2021

Marion Katz reflects on major developments in Islamic legal studies since the 1990’s, the decade that saw – as noted in the introduction to this Roundtable– expanded and diversified scholarly attention to Islamic legal studies. For her, it is puzzling then that outdated frameworks continue to percolate in the field, such as the crude “premodern / modern binary” and the continued neglect of what she calls fiqh studies. Katz urges scholars to pursue more nuanced approaches to deal with the sheer volume of the textual corpus and to fill in chasmic history of substantive law, namely: (1) the study of “core samples,” that is, the diachronic investigation of individual concepts and doctrines to document inflection points, and (2) the study of “transverse slices,” that is, the synchronic study of a wide range of material from a specific historical context that helps expose underlying and pervasive assumptions behind a broad area of law.
PENGARUH DIKLAT TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA BADAN SATPOL-PP KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Authors: Maulana Agus , Juaria Juaria 
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bahwa pendidikan dan pelatihan mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai di Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir di Tembilahan dan untuk mengetahui apakah variabel independen yang palingdominan mempengaruhi variabel dependen. Metode dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan penyebaran kuesioner dan kajian literatur. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pegawai Satpol PP Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir di Tembilahan, sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 82 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan teknik sederhana Purposive Sampling. Hasil analisis regresi ganda untuk variabel dependen kinerja karyawan diperoleh persamaan berikut Y=2.160+1.224X1+1.74 X2+e. Berdasarkan hasil t test (uji parsial) hasil perhitungan untuk variabel X1 menghasilkan t calculate = 4959 lebih besar dari nilai tabel t = 1.663, H1 diterima, ada pengaruh signifikan dari variabel X1 pada Variabel Y sementara hasil perhitungan untuk variabel X2 menghasilkan t-count = 17031 lebih besar dari nilai tabel t = 1663 , H2 diterima, ada pengaruh signifikan dari variabel X2 pada Variabel Y. Dari hasil penghitungan yang diperoleh nilai terhitung F sebesar 32.066 > dari tabel F sebesar 2720 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,000. Karena nilai signifikansi kurang dari 5% atau 0,05 maka hipotesis ditolak dan ada pengaruh signifikan dari variabel X1 dan variabel X2 pada variabel Y secara bersamaan dan dengan nilai (disesuaikan R2) diperoleh sebesar 0,988 atau 98,8%.
PELAKSANAAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP WARGA BINAAN PEMASYARAKATAN DI DALAM RUMAH TAHANAN NEGARA KELAS IIB PONOROGO
Authors: Tarigan Edika Jeremia 
Published: July 2021

Hunian pada Rutan merupakan suatu konsekuensi logis yang harus dihadapi sebagai dampak makin tingginya kuantitas kejahatan. Hampir diseluruh Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (Lapas) dan Rumah Tahanan Negara (Rutan), terutama yang terdapat di kota-kota besar, telah mengalami kondisi dimana kurang diperhatikannya masalah lingkungan hidup penguni dan ini akan menyebabkan perhatian di dalam lingkup kesehatan para tahanan. ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana masih minim mengakibatkan Rutan tidak mampu memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang memadai. Pada kondisi yang demikian tahanan rentan terhadap ganguan kesehatan, seperti mudahnya terjadi infeksi/penularan penyakit, TBC, HIV/AIDS, gangguan kejiwaan, dan krisis psikiatrik. penelitian penulis menggunakan penelitian Kualitatif dikarenakan pendekatan ini merupakan kualitatif yang menggunakan wawancara dan observasi serta data-data informan yang didapatkan dengan wawancara. Fokus penelitian dari artikel ini adalah di Rumah Tahanan Negara Kelas II B Ponorogo. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 Tentang Pemasyarakatan. Pasal 12 1 (d) : “ Narapidana berhak mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan dan makan yang layak”. Levey dan Loomba (1973), Pelayanan Kesehatan Adalah upaya yang diselenggarakan sendiri/secara bersama-sama dalam suatu organisasi untuk memelihara dan meningkatkan kesehatan, mencegah, dan menyembuhkan penyakit serta memulihkan kesehatan peroorangan, keluarga, kelompok, atau masyarakat.
Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Profesionalisme dan Kepuasan Kerja Guru pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hidayat Erik 
Published: July 2021

Kepala sekolah memiliki peran sebagai pemimpin di sekolahnya dan bertanggung jawab atas proses pendidikan di sekolahnya, yang berkaitan dengan peningkatan mutu sumber daya manusia, peningkaan profesionalisme guru, karyawan dan semua yang berhubungan dengan sekolah di bawah naungan kepala sekolah. Kepala sekolah memegang peranan penting dalam mempengaruhi dan mengarahkan personil sekolah agar dapat bekerja sama dalam mencapai tujuan sekolah. Dengan komunikasi yang baik dan optimalisasi kemampuan kepala sekolah baik secara akademik maupun non akademik, diharapkan pengelolaan sekolah dapat berjalan dengan baik, sehingga profesionalisme guru dan kinerja guru dapat meningkat, dan pada akhirnya juga meningkatkan kepuasan kerja guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme dan kepuasan kerja guru pada masa pandemi covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan sumber data penelitian ini berupa data sekunder, di antaranya adalah jurnal, koran online, web dan buku-buku literatur yang berkaitan dengan kepala sekolah, profesionalisme guru, dan kepuasan kerja guru, baik sumber dari dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan atau kegagalan seorang kepala sekolah tidak hanya ditentukan oleh dirinya sendiri, akan tetapi juga ditentukan oleh akumulasi semua subsistem yang terlibat, yaitu kepala sekolah dengan seperangkat kompetensinya, karakteristik bawahan, situasi dan kondisi organisasi sekolah, kerjasama semua warga sekolah serta kondisi lingkungannya. Keberhasilan sekolah mengandung arti bahwa penyelenggaraan organisasi sekolah dapat berjalan dengan baik sebagaimana yang diharapkan, meskipun segala sesuatunya dilakukan dengan daring pada kondisi khusus seperti pada masa pandemi Covid-19.
La focalización mediática en los principales informativos de televisión en España en las campañas electorales generales de 2019: partidos políticos versus líderes
Authors: Marín Pérez Benjamín , Pérez-Sánchez Javier , Pop Anastasia-Ioana 
Published: July 2021

Este artículo se refiere a la presencia en televisión de los principales partidos y líderes políticos candidatos a la Presidencia del Gobierno español durante las elecciones generales del 28 de abril de 2019 y el 10 de noviembre. El objetivo del estudio es comparar el protagonismo que las cadenas dan en la información electoral a los partidos políticos y a los líderes, y comprobar las diferencias por cadena y según cada proceso electoral. Para ello se ha hecho un estudio sobre las menciones que los líderes y los partidos tuvieron en los informativos de prime time de las tres cadenas de TDT de más audiencia de España en los dos procesos electorales, del 12 al 29 de abril y del 1 al 11 de noviembre de 2019. Las menciones a los líderes y partidos están registradas bajo el análisis del contenido con la voz en off de las noticias y en directo de los periodistas y en base a la rotulación que acompaña las noticias y a las imágenes que se utilizan en las piezas. Del estudio se concluye que Antena 3, Tele 5 y TVE dan mayor protagonismo en televisión a los líderes que a los partidos políticos. También se extrae de la investigación que hay mayor protagonismo de los líderes políticos cuando la campaña es más corta.
Narrativa(s) en ficción televisiva y cinematográfica
Authors: Otero Escudero Sofía 
Published: July 2021

Reseña del libro:Narrativa(s) en ficción televisiva y cinematográfica. COBO-DURÁN, Sergio y LOZANO DELMAR, Javier. Editorial ReaDuck, 2020 Colección Divulgación Manual. 249 pp. ISBN: 9788412011999
Evaluation of Biofertilizers and Biochar on the Plant Growth and Productivity of Soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Atluri Saiteja , Thakur Deepshikha , Bukke Dinesh , Ramawat Naleeni 
Published: July 2021

The field experiment was conducted in Organic farm of Amity university Noida, Uttar Pradesh, during the kharif season, to evaluate the sole and conjoint effect of biofertilizers and biochar on the yield, growth and productivity of Soybean (Glycine max). The five treatments viz. T1 (Control), T2 (Biochar), T3 (Biochar + Rhizobium), T4 (Biochar + Azospirillum) and T5 (Biochar + Rhizobium + Azospirillum) were used. Plant growth parameters like shoot length, root length, number of leaves, pod length, pod girth, plant height, crop yield and soil parameters were observed for the effect of various treatments. Among the all treatments the treatment T3 (Biochar with Rhizobium) maximum shoot length (52.30), root length (17.30) followed by T4 (Biochar + Azospirillum) and plant productive are maximum mean of number of pods was recorded in T3 (Biochar + Rhizobium) i.e. 32.6, whereas minimum (30.1) was recorded in T1(control) followed by T4(Biochar + Azospirillum) i.e.32.41, T5 (Biochar + Rhizobium + Azospirillum) i.e. 31.05 and T2 (Biochar) i.e.31.31 has shown significant effect on plant growth characters and plant yield. These results indicate that the conjoint use of biochar and Rhizobium have potential to enhance the crop performance and simultaneously improves the soil properties for sustainable farming without reliance on synthetic agrochemicals.
Virus Diseases of Tropical Crops
Authors: Geering Andrew DW 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVirus diseases are serious constraints to the productivity and profitability of a wide range of tropical crops. Identification of the causal viruses and understanding their epidemiology is the key to estimating the incidence and economic impact of the diseases they cause, and to devising virus management strategies. Epidemics result from interactions between virus, host plant, vector and environmental factors, and every epidemic can be considered to be a unique pathosystem in which each of the components contributes to the epidemic, and in which none are limiting. Accurate pathogen diagnosis is the key to managing diseases. The main virus and viroid diseases of 18 different crops are listed and pathosystem descriptors provided for each based on the mode of spread, which in turn informs the different management strategies. The Tenth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, which is available online athttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv‐reports/ictv_online_report/, is an essential reference for virologists working with tropical crops.Key ConceptsIdentification of viruses or viroids is the key to managing the diseases they cause.Koch's postulates are applied to establish causal associations between viruses/viroids and disease.Viruses/viroids are identified by their biological, morphological and genetic properties using classical and molecular methods.The universal database for viruses/viroids published by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses is the resource for classification.Rapid diagnostic methods rely on nucleotide sequence comparisons with publicly available databases.Epidemics are driven by virus, vector, host, environment, time and human activity.The vector–virus interaction is the main determinant of the rate, range, timing and pattern of disease spread.Viruses/viroids of tropical plants have unique pathosystems.A full description of a pathosystem is required to sustainably manage virus epidemics.Management of epidemics can be achieved by destabilising or downregulating one or more components of the relevant pathosystem.
Stretchable and Freeze‐Tolerant Organohydrogel Thermocells with Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance Continually Working at Subzero Temperatures
Authors: Gao Wei , Lei Zhouyue , Zhang Chengbin , Liu Xiangdong , Chen Yongping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAqueous thermocells that are eco‐friendly and capable of converting low‐grade heat into electricity continuously are promising candidates to power flexible and wearable devices in various application scenarios. However, challenges remain in their limited working temperatures, mechanical fragility, and poor thermoelectric performance, mainly due to the reduced entropy of both polymer chains and thermogalvanic ions at low temperatures. In this work, the challenges are addressed by introducing a synergistic chaotropic effect to destruct strong hydrogen bonds, increase polymers’ entropic elasticity, and enlarge the entropy difference of thermogalvanic ions. An organohydrogel thermocell is designed with a chaotropic comonomer and a chaotropic cosolvent. The maximum normalized power density of the thermocell achieves 0.1 mW m−2 K−2, which is in the same order of magnitude as the highest record in current quasi‐solid thermocells. Even at −30 °C, the thermocell maintains the elongation at a break of more than 100% and a relatively high power density of 0.012 mW m−2 K−2. Furthermore, the thermocell shows the potential to light up a light‐emitting diode and stably works when compressed, bent, and stretched in a wide temperature range. This work provides insights on developing reliable power sources to drive flexible electronics continually in extremely cold environments.
Versatile Nanodrugs Containing Glutathione and Heme Oxygenase 1 Inhibitors Enable Suppression of Antioxidant Defense System in a Two‐Pronged Manner for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhong Hao , Huang Pei‐Ying , Yan Ping , Chen Pei‐Ling , Shi Qun‐Yin , Zhao Ze‐An , Chen Jing‐Xuan , Shu Xian , Wang Ping , Yang Bin , Zhou Zheng‐Zheng , Chen Jian‐Jun , Pang Jian‐Xin , Tu Ying‐Feng , Liu Li‐Han , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe antioxidant defense system in malignant cells, which involves antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant molecules, is an innate barrier to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Because of the complexity of the endogenous antioxidant mechanisms of these cells, simply inhibiting individual antioxidant pathways has a limited effect on improving the lethality of ROS. To enhance the efficacy of PDT for tumor treatment, a versatile nanoparticle (NP)‐based drug is developed, which the authors call PZB NP, containing the glutathione inhibitor l‐buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and the heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) inhibitor protoporphyrin zinc(II) (ZnPP) to suppress the innate antioxidant defense system of cancer cells in a two‐pronged manner. BSO reduces intracellular glutathione levels to minimize ROS elimination and protein protection during PDT, and ZnPP inhibits the ROS‐stimulated upregulation of the antioxidant HO‐1, thus preventing ROS removal by cells after PDT. Thus, BSO and ZnPP synergistically suppress the antioxidant defense systems of cancer cells both during and after protoporphyrin‐IX‐mediated PDT in a two‐pronged manner, resulting in tumor cell death through excess oxidative pressure. The results demonstrate that the construction of nanodrugs having dual antioxidation defense suppression properties is a promising route for the development of highly efficient ROS‐based therapies.
Bound States in the Continuum Underpin Near‐Lossless Maximum Chirality in Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Gorkunov Maxim V. , Antonov Alexander A. , Tuz Vladimir R. , Kupriianov Anton S. , Kivshar Yuri S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetasurfaces without a mirror symmetry may exhibit chiral electromagnetic response that differs substantially from any type of polarization transformation. A typical design of chiral metasurfaces is based on a complex arrangement of meta‐atoms with chiral shapes assembled into rotationally symmetric arrays. Here it is demonstrated that, in a sharp contrast to our intuition, metasurfaces that break all point symmetries can outperform their rotationally symmetric counterparts and exhibit near‐lossless maximum chirality. The authors employ the special type of high‐quality‐factor resonances—bound states in the continuum (BICs)—that are manifested in physical systems as quasi‐BICs, and allow engineering the coupling of light with resonant metasurfaces to achieve maximum chirality. A dielectric metasurface composed of pairs of rectangular bars is designed that fully transmits one circular polarization of light and resonantly reflects the other circular polarization without any polarization conversion. Proof‐of‐concept experimental results that confirm directly the prediction of maximum chiral response of the BIC‐empowered asymmetric resonant dielectric metasurfaces are presented.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Cascade Enyne Rearrangement and Cyclopropanation of Allenylphosphine Oxides with N‐Tosylhydrazones Accessing Alkynylcyclopropane Derivatives
Authors: Luo Kai , Li Yuan , Fu Zitong , Zhang Ling , Wang Zhipeng , Xu Jiangyan , Yu Bingjun , Wu Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe disclose an concise synthesis of alkynylcyclopropane derivatives containing adjacent quaternary carbon centers via a transition‐metal free cascade enyne rearrangement and cyclopropanation process. This methodology, started from a variety of allenylphosphine oxides and N‐tosylhydrazones, features the advantage of transition‐metal‐free, operational simplicity, wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.magnified image
Photocatalytic Synthesis of Substituted Cyclic Carbonate Monomers for Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Maquilón Cristina , Della Monica Francesco , Limburg Bart , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn operationally mild, ruthenium‐based photocatalytic protocol has been developed for the conversion of γ‐mono‐ and γ,γ‐disubstituted allyl carbonates in the presence of Umemoto's reagent to afford substituted six‐membered cyclic carbonates. Variation and diversification of the carbonate ring substitution provides access to new monomers useful in ring‐opening polymerization leading to polycarbonates with potentially tailored properties, as illustrated by comparative experiments using monomers with different pi‐stacking capabilities.magnified image