bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Plasmonic Sensing Techniques for Exosome Detection and Composition Analysis
Authors: Hu Yurui , Wang Yuye , Zhang Yi , Yang Hui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExosomes are extracellular vesicles with sizes typically ranging from 30 to 200 nm. They carry a wealth of molecular information from their parental cells and are abundant and stable in biofluids. Due to their outstanding characteristics, exosomes have emerged as a promising biomarker for disease diagnostics over these years. Among the analytical techniques, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method turns out to be a promising tool in exosome detection due to its merits of label‐free, highly sensitive and real‐time sensing capabilities. In this review, a comprehensive summary of various plasmonic sensing techniques, focusing on both propagating SPR (PSPR) and localized SPR (LSPR) platforms, demonstrating their characteristics, sensing performances, and practical applications is presented. Furthermore, the fundamental working principles underlying current surface functionalization methods for plasmonic substrates are introduced, providing guidance for selecting the appropriate methods for specific exosome capture and detection. Recent advancements in enhancing sensing performance for exosome detection using PSPR, LSPR, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering platforms are also surveyed. Moreover, representative clinical applications that leverage these plasmonic sensing techniques are also highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions in this field are also discussed, offering insights into the potential of exosomes and plasmonic sensing in biomedical research and clinical practice.
Resonant Meta‐Lens in the Visible
Authors: Lin Rong , Yao Jin , Wang Zhihui , Zhou Junxiao , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMeta‐lenses can offer potential improvements over traditional optical components in imaging, display, and detection. Initial meta‐lenses strive for uniform spectral responses over broadband for full‐color imaging. Nevertheless, enhancing wavelength selectivity remains crucial for specific applications, such as fluorescence imaging and augmented reality, requiring specific wavelengths. Current methods struggle to balance nonlocal resonance with local phase control or introduce an additional filter layer. Here, an all‐dielectric resonant meta‐lens for wavelength‐selective focusing based on the Fresnel zone plate design is experimentally demonstrated. The coupling between nonlocal lattice resonance and local Mie‐type resonance is effectively manipulated to control the reflection and bandwidth. Without considering the balance between nonlocal resonance excitation and local phase control, the resonant meta‐lens can reflectively focus at a resonant wavelength of 460 nm while allowing normal transmission at non‐resonant wavelengths, which is generally restricted in conventional metallic counterparts. Simulation (experimental) results indicate a high color purity of 90% (66%), surpassing those of meta‐lenses with filtering functions. A multi‐resonant meta‐lens is further designed for red, green, and blue colors. This work offers enhanced options for wavelength‐selective meta‐lenses, expanding their potential in optical imaging and display applications.
The Association Between Anthropometric Indices and Overactive Bladder (OAB): A Cross‐Sectional Study From the NHANES 2005–2018
Authors: Zhong Meiru , Wang Zhou 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe association between different anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), waist circumference‐triglyceride index (WTI), weight‐adjusted waist index (WWI), body roundness index (BRI) and the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) is unclear. This investigation aims to explore the association among different anthropometric indices and overactive bladder as well as confounding variables.MethodsData were obtained from the USA National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data set between 2005 and 2018, and 15231 participants were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the correlation among anthropometric indices mentioned in our study and overactive bladder. Subgroup analyses, smooth curve fitting and area under curve (AUC curve) were also performed.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between BMI, LAP, WTI, WWI, BRI and overactive bladder. The results were significant even after taking into account every covariate (p < 0.05). Fitting smooth curves demonstrated that when anthropometric indices were used as a predictor to predict the occurrence of OAB, the probability of female patients suffering from OAB was higher than that of male patients. Additionally, WWI had better predictive power (AUC = 0.6780) and VAI had the worst predictive power (AUC = 0.5558).ConclusionOur results suggest a substantial positive relationship between some of the anthropometric indices, including BMI, LAP, WTI, WWI, BRI, and overactive bladder.
Multiscale modeling of multiwalled carbon nanotube‐reinforced polymer matrix nanocomposites and experimental validation
Authors: Saurabh Sushant , Chakladar N. D. , Deb Arghya , Sharma Nitin Kumar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study developed a numerical model of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐reinforced polymer nanocomposite to predict the tensile and flexural behavior of an earth‐stationed antenna reflector. The objectives of the study were to propose a hierarchical model of nanocomposites and introduce the variability in the dimensions of the CNTs. The CNTs were meshed with beam elements and their inner, outer diameter, and length were randomized, as per field emission scanning electron microscopy image. The distribution of the CNTs was realized with the help of a random sequential adsorption algorithm. The CNT content was varied from 0.1 to 0.4 wt% of epoxy matrix. Periodic boundary conditions were implemented. Micro‐scale results were found to lie within 10% of the Halpin‐Tsai model. A concept of dynamically allocated representative volume element was implemented at the meso‐scale, which was then upscaled to macro‐scale to simulate ASTM D3039 and D790 test conditions. With 0.4 wt% of CNT into the matrix, the tensile and flexural modulus increased by 14.42% and 23.94%. The macro‐scale simulated results were compared with literature, where the tensile and flexural modulus were found to deviate by 7.5% and 3%. This model will later be upgraded with continuous fibrous reinforcement along with MWCNT‐filled epoxy, to simulate the performance of a real composite antenna reflector.Highlights
Multiscale modeling of MWCNT‐based epoxy nanocomposite was developed.
MWCNT was meshed with hollow beam elements as per FESEM images.
0.4 wt% MWCNT enhanced tensile and flexural modulus by 14% and 24%.
Numerical tensile and flexural modulus lied within 7.5% and 3% of the tests.
Accelerated Resolution Therapy for Cancer Distress and Post‐Traumatic Stress Symptoms: Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Tofthagen Cindy , Donovan Kristine A. , Mandrekar Jay , Buck Harleah G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAn estimated one‐third of cancer survivors suffer from post‐traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. PTS is associated with high levels of cancer distress, anxiety, and depression. Few evidence‐based treatments are available for PTS. Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) is a form of trauma‐focused psychological therapy that has been found to be both safe and effective at alleviating post‐traumatic stress symptoms, psychological distress, anxiety and depressive symptoms in non‐cancer populations.MethodsThe purpose of this single arm, pilot study was to examine the preliminary efficacy of ART for alleviating post‐traumatic stress symptoms, cancer distress, depressive symptoms and anxiety among cancer survivors, as well as to evaluate baseline characteristics of persons most likely to respond to ART. Participants were provided with five ART sessions and outcome variables were assessed at enrollment, immediately following ART, and 30 days post ART. Paired t‐tests were used to examine differences between scores at each time point. Associations between the PCL‐5 score from baseline to post 30‐day visit were assessed and other variables were examined using univariate linear regression.ResultsIn a sample of 20 cancer survivors, statistically significant decreases in PTS symptoms (p < 0.0001), cancer distress (p < 0.0001), anxiety (p = 0.0002), and depression (p < 0.0001) from pre to post intervention were present. These improvements remained 30 days post‐intervention. Higher baseline PCL‐5 scores, as well as higher scores on two subscales of the cancer distress measure were associated with response to treatment.ConclusionsFindings suggest that ART is an effective therapeutic intervention for reducing PTS symptoms and cancer distress among cancer survivors.
Seeds Adapted to Mixed Cropping Increase Yield and Drought Resistance of Cereal–Legume Mixtures
Authors: Muñoz‐Escribano Alejandro , Schöb Christian , López‐Angulo Jesús 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCropland diversification through mixed cropping has the potential of achieving a more sustainable agriculture while securing food production. This is of special relevance with climate change and the expected drier growing conditions in the future. Seed adaptation to this cropping method is hypothesized to be a fundamental factor to maximize these benefits, as well as the particular species combined. In this study we compared the performance of four cereal–legume mixed crops (wheat and oat mixed with lupin and lentil in pairs) with their respective monocrops. Each crop was sown using seeds adapted to monoculture and mixed cropping, respectively. Moreover, they were grown under early‐season and late‐season drought treatments and under control conditions. We measured above‐ground vegetative biomass, seed yield and harvest index to evaluate crop production, drought resistance and the effect of seed adaptation on each mixed and monocrop. Our results show that mixed cropping either had a beneficial or neutral effect on crop yield, depending on the species combination and drought conditions, but the harvest index was higher in monocrops. We also confirmed that seed adaptation to a particular type of cropping is clearly a determining factor in its performance. In accordance with the insurance hypothesis, mixed cropping has the effect of protecting crop yields in the case of a sudden bad performance of one of the species, for example, caused by adverse environmental conditions. It is necessary to focus on effective species combinations which have the best responses to mixed cropping. In our study, we show that wheat–lentil mixtures performed poorly, while wheat–lupin showed the most promising results improving yield and drought resistance. Oat mixed crops did not show differences with the respective monocrops, so they can be a viable cropping option as well and benefit from advantages of crop diversity not measured in this study.
Shedding Electrons on Cenospheres: Advancing Characterization Through X‐ray Micro‐Analysis
Authors: Kanesalingam Brinthan , Fernando W. Ashane M. , Jayawardena Chulantha , Attygalle Dinesh , Amarasinghe D.A.S. , Rabbani Arash , Panda Sandeep 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCenospheres are hollow spherical structures derived from coal fly ash waste. They exhibit unique properties such as thermal stability, lightweight composition, inertness, and energy attenuation, which make them ideal for advanced material applications. Due to their cost‐effectiveness and wide availability, they are viable alternatives to specialized micro‐ and nanospheres synthesis. However, the limited understanding of cenospheres and the complexities involved with characterization techniques hinder the utilization of their valuable attributes effectively. Our study introduces a novel methodology for classifying and characterizing cenospheres using X‐ray microanalysis coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Herein, we identify inherent X‐ray emission profiles for the cenospheres and solid spheres (which look similar to the untrained eye), enabling rapid classification through EDS line scans. Further, we establish a characterization threshold for the line scans, that is, half the penetration depth at 99% X‐ray intensity for specific accelerating voltages. We propose a non‐destructive technique for measuring the cell wall thickness and introduce error corrections for measurements at lower accelerating voltages. When using higher voltages, the measurement of cell wall thickness yields RMSE values of 0.41 for entering cell walls and 0.21 for exiting cell walls. These values provide specific measurements for the thickness of individual cell walls quantitatively rather than relying on more generalized theoretical relationships.
Development of Novel 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Benzoxazole Hybrids as an E. coli DNA Gyrase B Inhibitor: Design, Synthesis, in Silico, and in Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation
Authors: Mendapara Jigarkumar V. , Vaghasiya Mahesh D. , Agrawal Mohit , AlAjmi Mohamed F , Rajani Dhanji P. , Kumari Premlata 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA novel series of 1,2,3‐triazole‐benzoxazole hybrids were designed and synthesized effectively using Cu alkyne‐azide cycloaddition, as a potential antimicrobial agents. The structures of the newly synthesized scaffolds were identified through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, elemental analysis, and mass spectra. The bioactive synthesized molecule (10a–10n) were evaluated for its antibacterial and antifungal properties in vitro against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. pyogenes, S aureus, A. clavatus, A. niger, and C. albicans. Among the synthesized hybrids, compounds 10g and 10k, which contain 4‐methoxy and 3‐chloro substitutes, had the most potent inhibitory activity against E. coli, with MIC values of 0.12 and 0.11 mM, respectively. Subsequently, in silico docking studies were employed to understand better these molecules' binding affinities and mode of action. The molecular docking studies found that all the synthesized molecules showed good affinities with E. coli DNA GyrB (PDB ID: 5L3J). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of 100 ns showed stability of the compound 10g protein–ligand complex throughout the simulation.
2D Mesoporous Carbon with Hollow Turtle Shell‐Like Morphology for Resolving Restacking Effect
Authors: Earnshaw Jacob , Ashok Aditya , Leong Kwang Keat , Kim Jeonghun , Kim Minjun , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this work, a unique 2D hollow turtle shell‐like mesoporous carbon (HTMC) synthesized via a ternary heterostructuring strategy to alleviate the restacking tendency of 2D materials is presented. The ternary 2D heterostructuring is achieved via an in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) on graphene oxide (GO) and a subsequent mesostructured polydopamine (mPDA) coating to obtain ternary heterostructured GO@ZIF‐8@mPDA, which is then converted to the hierarchically porous HTMC having macro‐, meso‐, and micropores via direct carbonization. Additionally, 2D turtle shell‐like microporous carbon (TMC) and 2D mesoporous carbon (MPC) derived from binary heterostructured GO@ZIF‐8 and GO@mPDA, respectively, are synthesized to investigate the porosity effect on alleviating the loss of accessible surface area of restacked 2D carbons. Among them, HTMC demonstrates superior structural advantages for alleviating the negative effects of restacking in 2D materials, exhibiting by far the highest specific capacitance (Csp) across all scan rates (93.7 F g−1 at 500 mV s−1 to 334.47 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1) in 1 M H2SO4. Furthermore, HTMC demonstrates outstanding rate capability while maintaining the greatest charge storage capacity over all scan rates.
Surface Doping to Suppress Iodine Ion Migration for Stable FAPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Que Meidan , Li Yutian , Yuan Hao , Zhong Peng , Li Bo , Wei Jian , Hu Ping , Gao Lili , Huang Wei , Liu Shengzhong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFormamidine lead iodide (FAPbI3) quantum dots (QDs) have attracted great attention as a new generation of photovoltaic material due to their long carrier diffusion length, benign ambient stability, and light‐harvesting ability. However, its large surface area with inherent thermodynamic instability and highly defective ionic termination are still major obstacles to fabricating high‐performance devices. Herein, a metallic ion dopant is developed to post‐treat FAPbI3 QDs immediately after their fabrication by using a metal‐glutamate salt solution. Both experimental and theoretical results show that alkaline (earth) metal ions (Mg2+, Na+, and K+) in their glutamate salt can not only successfully substitute insulating long‐chain ligands to form thinner ligand shells but inhibit the formation of iodine vacancies on the surface of QDs. As a result, the glutamate‐Mg based solar cell exhibits a champion efficiency of 13.48%, and the other two solar cells treated by glutamate alkaline metal salts (Na+ and K+) achieve photoelectrical conversion efficiencies of 13.26% and 11.88%, respectively, all of which are higher than of control cell with an efficiency of 11.58%. Therefore, this substantial progress provides intuitive cognition and guidance for the improvement of photoelectric performance and the commercial application of quantum dot solar cells.
Quantitative Study of Reversible Nonvolatile VO2 Thin Films Through Plasma Driven Phase Engineering Process
Authors: Bajaj Samiksha , Chiu Shang‐Jui , Chen Jia Wei , Sino Paul Albert , Yang Chih‐Wen , Chen Chieh‐Ting , Hwang Ing‐Shouh , Lin Yan‐Gu , Chu Ying Hao , Chueh Yu‐Lun , Wu Jyh Ming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe nanoscale control of phase transition in correlated materials offers significant insight into phase transition dynamics for the advancement of future nanoelectronics devices. This study explores the phase transition phenomenon in vanadium dioxide (VO2), focusing on the heterogeneous phases evolved after low‐pressure plasma irradiation on VO2 thin films, a strong electron‐correlated material. The modulation in the Argon (Ar) plasma power reveals the formation of homogeneous and heterogeneous phases with variable resistive states at room temperature. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is observed with the change in interplanar spacing revealing monoclinic (M1) at 0W, monoclinic‐tetragonal rutile (phase coexistence, M1‐R) at 50W, and tetragonal rutile (R) at 90W. Dielectric force microscopy (DFM) shows distinct dielectric responses corresponding to different phases, characterized by potential differences of 3 mV (M1), 5 mV (M1‐R), and 7.44 mV (R) phases. The coexistence of M1‐R phase is stabilized and examined at room temperature, with variations in the charge carrier density observed relative to M1 and R phases individually. The phase change in VO2 is found to be reversible, enabling stable resistive states even after the plasma is removed. The changes in plasma geometry help find and stabilize unstable phases, which can be useful in nanoelectronics.
Constructing Garnet Electrolytes with Internal 3‐D Electronic Insulation Network for Dendrite‐Free Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Jintao , Wang Jie , Mei Xiayueyang , Song Shaokang , Zhao Hailei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGarnet‐type solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs), with high energy density and superior safety performance, have been recognized as one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage technologies. However, the severe lithium dendrite penetration issue of garnet‐type electrolytes significantly impedes the practical application of SSLMBs. Herein, garnet‐type electrolyte Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) with high dendrite‐suppressing ability is fabricated by constructing a 3‐D continuous electronic insulation network at the grain boundaries of LLZTO with glass electrolyte 50Li2O‐38B2O3‐12SiO2 (LBS). The selected LBS, with low melting temperature, moderate lithium‐ion conductivity, and extremely low electronic conductivity (≈1.7 × 10−10 S cm−1), significantly facilitates the densification of LLZTO and by existing at the grain boundaries in the form of amorphous glass, impedes the transport of electrons within the electrolytes and ultimately prevents the growth of lithium dendrite during battery cycling. As a result, the fabricated Li|LLZTO‐LBS|Li symmetric cells show a high critical current density of 1.1 mA cm−2 and a stable lithium plating/stripping performance for over 1000 h at 0.2 mA cm−2. Moreover, the constructed Li|LLZTO‐LBS|LiFePO4 full cells deliver a high initial specific capacity of 141.8 mA h g−1 at 1.0C and can be cycled stably for over 100 cycles at 0.2C.
Band Flattening and Strain Field Assists an Excellent Thermoelectric Performance of n‐type Bi2Se3 for Room to Mid‐Temperature Application
Authors: Vaiyapuri Vijay , Shanmugasundaram Kamalakannan , Jayaram Archana , Mani Navaneethan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBismuth selenide, (Bi2Se3) is a typical n‐type V‐VI chalcogenide‐based thermoelectric (TE) material with high lattice thermal conductivity, which limits its TE performance. Single element doping is generally adopted to enhance the TE performance, since it is not affect significantly. Herein, it is revealed that the impact of the co‐doping strategy boost the TE performance of Bi2Se3 through tuning the band structure and phonon transport properties. The synergy of isovalent Ga (gallium) and aliovalent Ge (germanium) co‐doping produces a noteworthy improvement in carrier tuning from −1.1 × 1018 to −3.56 × 1018 cm−3. Bi1.95Ga0.05Ge0.033Se3 sample reached the enhanced power factor of 1403 µWm−1K−2 obtained at 303 K. The reduced low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.24 Wm−1K−1 is occurred by the multi‐scale phonon scattering mechanisms through the dissemination of strain field raised from various defects. The combined strategy of flat band structure and low lattice thermal conductivity significantly optimized the thermoelectric zT of 0.7 is achieved at 513 K and the highest zTaverage of 0.68 is obtained. The maximum zT values leads to attain a theoretical efficiency of 5.9% in the temperature range between 333–573 K. This work shows a practical approach to improve the zT of n‐type Bi2Se3 via co‐doping.
Solution‐Processed Thickness‐Insensitive Molybdenum Oxide Hole‐Transporting Layer Regulated by Reductive Ionic Liquid for Stable and Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Erqin , Chen Qiaomei , Zhang Guangcong , Zhang Zhou , Zhang Junjie , Gao Zihao , Wei Yen , Li Weiwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeveloping solution‐processed, thickness‐insensitive hole‐transporting layers (HTLs) is a key challenge in scaling high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a simple and efficient method is presented to produce highly conductive molybdenum oxide (MoOx) HTLs by n‐doping ammonium heptamolybdate with a reductive ionic liquid (IL). Owing to the n‐doping effect and inherent conductivity of IL, the conductivity of the 5% IL:MoOx significantly increased to 8.06 × 10−3 S m−1, surpassing traditional solution‐processed MoOx HTLs. Moreover, the IL's multifunctional non‐covalent adsorption sites and high boiling point help reduce electronic disorder and passivate parasitic traps, enhancing the overall performance. As a result, 5% IL:MoOx shows excellent versatility in commonly used photoactive systems and achieves a remarkable PCE of 19.55% in the D18:N3:L8‐BO ternary system. This outperforms neat MoOx and PEDOT:PSS devices and represents as the highest reported value among single‐junction OSCs with solution‐processed MoOx HTLs. Additionally, devices with 5% IL:MoOx also exhibit superior stability compared to PEDOT:PSS devices. Furthermore, 5% IL:MoOx shows impressive thickness insensitivity, maintaining 83.3% of the optimum PCE even at a thickness of 150 nm. The exceptional PCE, versatility, stability, and thickness insensitivity of the 5% IL:MoOx HTL collectively highlight its potential as a substitute for PEDOT:PSS in scaling OSC production.