bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNase1 can modulate gut microbiota and metabolome after Aeromonas hydrophila infection in blunt snout bream
Authors: Geng Ruijing , Liu Han , Tan Kianann , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Weimin 
Published: May 2021

SummaryPancreatic ribonuclease (RNase1) of Megalobrama amblycephala exhibits both antimicrobial and digestive activity. The gut microbiome improve the digestion and metabolic capacity and enhance the functioning of the immune system of the host against pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we aimed to assess the protective effect of RNase1 on Aeromonas hydrophila‐induced inflammation and intestinal microbial metabolism. Megalobrama amblycephala were randomly divided into three groups: control (injected PBS), infection (A. hydrophila‐injected), and treatment group (RNase1 pretreatment 24 h before the A. hydrophila injection). The morphological symptoms were significantly alleviated by RNase1. RNase1 reshaped the perturbed gut microbiota by upregulating Proteobacteria and Vibrio richness and downregulating Firmicutes, Chlamydiae, Bacillus, and Gemmobacter richness. The lysophosphatidylcholine, (±) 17 HETE, D‐ (+) ‐cellobiose, and PC (20:5) in the treatment group were restored by RNase 1 protein treatment to the level of the control group. In the treatment group, phospholipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism were different from the control and infection groups. The proinflammatory factors concentration in intestinal samples significantly increased after A. hydrophila infection. Our results revealed that RNase1 plays an important role in resistance to pathogen invasion, reducing inflammation, and improving intestinal function, thus inhibiting the occurrence of disease.
Tonogenesis in Northeastern Trans‐Himalayan
Authors: Sims Nathaniel A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTonogenesis is a topic of perennial interest in Trans‐Himalayan linguistics (the name of the family is the subject of some debate. Other terms for the family are Sino‐Tibetan and Tibeto‐Burman). The phonetic origins of the tones of the many languages in the family, such as Tibetan (Huáng 1995), Burmese (Nishi 1999; Hill 2019), and Chinese (Haudricourt 1954; Sagart 1999) are relatively well understood. However, the phonetic origins of tone in many Trans‐Himalayan languages remains an open question (Sagart 2006). There has been a paucity of work describing the origins of tone in the languages classified as belonging to the Qiangic subgroup of Trans‐Himalayan. This paper gives an account of tonogenesis in three tonal subgroups of Trans‐Himalayan languages: Rma (also called 羌 Qiāng (see Wang 1999 for a history of the terminology)) and Prinmi (also called 普米 Pǔmı̌), two modern subgroups, along with Tangut, a mediaeval Trans‐Himalayan language attested from 1042–1502 ce.
Equity should know no borders: The role of Australasian radiation oncologists in supporting radiation oncology services in low‐ and middle‐income countries in the Asia‐Pacific
Authors: Hassan Sean , Oar Andrew , Ward Iain , Koh Eng‐Siew , Shakespeare Thomas P , Yap Mei Ling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe rapid rise in cancer incidence within the world’s poorest nations highlights the need for equitable access to evidence‐based cancer care. It has been previously demonstrated that radiotherapy is a cost‐effective and necessary tool in cancer treatment. However, globally there is a growing divide between demand and supply of radiotherapy services. In low‐ and middle‐income countries, this resource gap is particularly problematic. By region, the Asia‐Pacific has been demonstrated to have the highest absolute deficit in radiotherapy services. Radiation oncologists in Australia and New Zealand are geographically well positioned to assist departments within the Asia‐Pacific to help to reduce these inequities. The Asia‐Pacific Radiation Oncology Special Interest Group (APROSIG) aims to support oncology professionals in the Asia‐Pacific to develop safe and sustainable cancer services. Members have already contributed to multiple projects throughout the region, supported by grants and departmental funding. However, the backbone of support comes from volunteers sharing their time and expertise. The Australasian oncological community has the skills and knowledge to help not only those within our borders but also beyond. Such efforts provide the potential to develop valuable clinical, educational, research and leadership experiences whilst establishing networking opportunities throughout the most populated regions of the world. More options for growth and work in global health must be investigated, encouraging future trainees to consider a role within the global cancer community. Without prompt and continued action, the resource deficit is likely to grow and the inequity in accessing radiotherapy and other cancer services further magnified.
A prospective evaluation of treatment recommendations compared to outcomes for a lung cancer multidisciplinary team and legal implications
Authors: Klemm Daniel , Lehman Margot 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis cross‐sectional study compared treatment recommendations made by a respiratory multi‐disciplinary team with the treatment received by those patients in practice. The aim was to evaluate the rate at which patients were treated in keeping with MDT recommendations. It was hypothesised that most patients would be treated in accordance with these recommendations. These data were then used to provide a practical basis to consider the potential legal liability of multi‐disciplinary teams.MethodsAll patients discussed in the Princess Alexandra Hospital Lung MDT over a three‐month period were included. The recommendations made by the MDT were compared with the treatment received. Where available, the reason for any change in management plan was recorded.Results74/109 evaluable patients were treated in accordance with the MDT recommendation. A further 7 patients had commenced treatment prior to MDT discussion. The most common reasons for change in management were patient choice (n = 6) or deterioration in clinical condition prior to treatment (n = 6).ConclusionAs hypothesised, there was a high rate of treatment in accordance with recommendations made by the MDT. Changes in management are mostly related to patient preference or change in condition after MDT discussion. In practice, there are only limited opportunities for an MDT to be liable for patient outcomes. It is suggested however that careful documentation and representation of cases where appropriate could further mitigate this risk.
Phylogeographic model selection using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Fonseca Emanuel M. , Colli Guarino R. , Werneck Fernanda P. , Carstens Bryan C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe discipline of phylogeography has evolved rapidly in terms of the analytical toolkit used to analyse large genomic data sets. Despite substantial advances, analytical tools that could potentially address the challenges posed by increased model complexity have not been fully explored. For example, deep learning techniques are underutilized for phylogeographic model selection. In non‐model organisms, the lack of information about their ecology and evolution can lead to uncertainty about which demographic models are appropriate. Here, we assess the utility of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for assessing demographic models in South American lizards in the genus Norops. Three demographic scenarios (constant, expansion, and bottleneck) were considered for each of four inferred population‐level lineages, and we found that the overall model accuracy was higher than 98% for all lineages. We then evaluated a set of 26 models that accounted for evolutionary relationships, gene flow, and changes in effective population size among the four lineages, identifying a single model with an estimated overall accuracy of 87% when using CNNs. The inferred demography of the lizard system suggests that gene flow between non‐sister populations and changes in effective population sizes through time, probably in response to Pleistocene climatic oscillations, have shaped genetic diversity in this system. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) was applied to provide a comparison to the performance of CNNs. ABC was unable to identify a single model among the larger set of 26 models in the subsequent analysis. Our results demonstrate that CNNs can be easily and usefully incorporated into the phylogeographer's toolkit.
Using a risk model for probability of cancer in pulmonary nodules
Authors: Liu Si‐Qi , Ma Xiao‐Bin , Song Wan‐Mei , Li Yi‐Fan , Li Ning , Wang Li‐Na , Liu Jin‐Yue , Tao Ning‐Ning , Li Shi‐Jin , Xu Ting‐Ting , Zhang Qian‐Yun , An Qi‐Qi , Liang Bin , Li Huai‐Chen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundConsidering the high morbidity and mortality of lung cancer and the high incidence of pulmonary nodules, clearly distinguishing benign from malignant lung nodules at an early stage is of great significance. However, determining the kind of lung nodule which is more prone to lung cancer remains a problem worldwide.MethodsA total of 480 patients with pulmonary nodule data were collected from Shandong, China. We assessed the clinical characteristics and computed tomography (CT) imaging features among pulmonary nodules in patients who had undergone video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy from 2013 to 2018. Preliminary selection of features was based on a statistical analysis using SPSS. We used WEKA to assess the machine learning models using its multiple algorithms and selected the best decision tree model using its optimization algorithm.ResultsThe combination of decision tree and logistics regression optimized the decision tree without affecting its AUC. The decision tree structure showed that lobulation was the most important feature, followed by spiculation, vessel convergence sign, nodule type, satellite nodule, nodule size and age of patient.ConclusionsOur study shows that decision tree analyses can be applied to screen individuals for early lung cancer with CT. Our decision tree provides a new way to help clinicians establish a logical diagnosis by a stepwise progression method, but still needs to be validated for prospective trials in a larger patient population.
Genomic signatures of demographic declines in an imperiled amphibian inform conservation action
Authors: Hardy B. M. , Pope K. L. , Latch E. K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCatastrophic population declines due to disease often lead to fragmented remnant populations and loss of gene flow. Managers are left to determine appropriate conservation actions to recover and maintain population persistence. The recent utilization of genomic data to assist in species recovery now allows us to combine genome‐wide surveys of differentiation and diversity with the identification of potentially adaptive regions to develop conservation plans that incorporate ecological and evolutionary processes. The unprecedented global decline of amphibian populations due to the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has increased the need to apply genomic tools to amphibian conservation practices. We show here how understanding genetic characteristics of remnant frog populations affected by disease can be applied directly to restoration efforts. Cascades frogs (Rana cascadae) occur in the mountainous regions of the Pacific northwestern United States and have declined dramatically at the southern edge of their range in California. We conducted genome‐wide surveys within this region to inform conservation and reintroduction efforts. We found strong north‐south genetic differentiation between Oregon and California and novel spatial structure within California. Genetic diversity was lower in California than Oregon and genetic drift was the most important driver of genetic diversity and population structure in California, making conservation efforts aimed at boosting overall genetic diversity most urgent. Spatial genetic structure of populations within California suggests that reintroductions to Lassen Volcanic National Park, where they were recently extirpated, should use remaining source populations south of the park. Our findings support the treatment of California's R. cascadae populations separately from the rest of their range and highlight the importance of conservation genomics in applied species conservation.
Health, economic, and social implications of COVID‐19 for China's rural population
Authors: Wang Huan , Dill Sarah‐Eve , Zhou Huan , Ma Yue , Xue Hao , Sylvia Sean , Smith Kumi , Boswell Matthew , Medina Alexis , Loyalka Prashant , Abby Cody , Friesen Dimitris , Rose Nathan , Guo Yian , Rozelle Scott 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examines the effects of local and nationwide COVID‐19 disease control measures on the health and economy of China's rural population. We conducted phone surveys with 726 randomly selected village informants across seven rural Chinese provinces in February 2020. Four villages (0.55%) reported infections, and none reported deaths. Disease control measures had been universally implemented in all sample villages. About 74% of informants reported that villagers with wage‐earning jobs outside the village had stopped working due to workplace closures. A higher percentage of rural individuals could not work due to transportation, housing, and other constraints. Local governments had taken measures to reduce the impact of COVID‐19. Although schools in all surveyed villages were closed, 71% of village informants reported that students were attending classes online. Overall, measures to control COVID‐19 appear to have been successful in limiting disease transmission in rural communities outside the main epidemic area. Rural Chinese citizens, however, have experienced significant economic consequences from the disease control measures.
Innovative robust basophil activation test using a novel gating strategy reliably diagnosing allergy with full automation
Authors: Behrends Jochen , Schwager Christian , Hein Martina , Scholzen Thomas , Kull Skadi , Jappe Uta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAllergy is one of the most common chronic diseases in Europe. Therefore, an increased need for specific and sensitive diagnostic tests that truly detect allergy exists. This study aimed at establishing a highly specific high‐throughput and automated basophil activation test (BAT) that proves the existence of an allergy with utmost probability.MethodsBAT from 1104 samples was analyzed; a novel gating strategy with three antibodies (FcεRIα, CD203c, CD63) was established and compared with our published protocol (12 antibodies). Based on the novel gating strategy, storage conditions, automated measurement, and analyses using R (1376 samples out of 1389) were optimized to set up a high‐throughput BAT.ResultsNo differences in sensitivity and specificity were found between the novel three antibody (FcεRIα, CD203c, CD63) and the 12 antibody gating strategy or between automated and manually analyzed samples (saving up to 90% of labor time). The time frame for basophil activation measurement after blood donation has been extended considerably (whole blood storage ≤7 days (RT) and 17 days (4°C) prior to BAT preparation and measurement). Respective storage conditions were optimized for samples after stimulation, staining, and preparation (≤7 days (RT) and 28 days (4°C)). These achievements were confirmed by a nationwide ring trial showing robustness and applicability of our BAT on a variety of flow cytometers.ConclusionOur considerable optimizations overcame the hurdles that until now prevented the BAT from being used as high‐throughput allergy diagnostic test in routine laboratories and shall allow for collaborative studies between clinics and research centers.
Systematic review confirmed the benefits of early skin‐to‐skin contact but highlighted lack of studies on very and extremely preterm infants
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Deierl Aniko , Hills Emily , Banerjee Jayanta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimWe systematically reviewed the literature to identify the benefits of early skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC) for all gestational ages.MethodsThe MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched for papers published in English from 1 January 1975 to 31 March 2020. Early SSC was defined as when the infant was placed directly onto the mother's chest within 180 min of birth. Two authors independently searched the databases, appraised study quality and extracted the study design and outcome data. The primary outcomes were the infants’ physiological stability after birth: thermoregulation and stabilisation. The secondary outcomes were exclusive breastfeeding and mother‐infant interaction.ResultsWe reviewed 30 studies that assessed the benefits of early SSC: 22 comprised term‐born healthy infants and eight focused on preterm or ill infants. These included various gestational ages, birth methods and cultural backgrounds. The studies demonstrated that early SSC stabilised neonatal physiological parameters, promoted exclusive breastfeeding and supported bonding. Most of the data were from term and late preterm births.ConclusionThis systematic review showed that early SSC could be beneficial. Further studies that focus on providing very and extremely preterm infants with SSC, and parental experiences, are needed to enable SSC to be adopted as routine practice.
Complementary variable‐ and person‐centred approaches to the dimensionality of workaholism
Authors: Gillet Nicolas , Morin Alexandre J. S. , Ndiaye Adama , Colombat Philippe , Sandrin Emilie , Fouquereau Evelyne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis research relies on complementary variable‐ and person‐centred approaches to investigate the underlying dimensionality of the workaholism construct. In three studies (Study 1: N = 343 workers; Study 2: N = 654 firefighters in Sample 1 and N = 247 administrative and technical employees in Sample 2; and Study 3: N = 153 nurses in Sample 1 and N = 359 educators in Sample 2), the results showed that employees' workaholism ratings simultaneously reflected a global overarching workaholism construct, which co‐existed with two specific dimensions (working excessively and compulsively). In Study 1, global levels of self‐determined motivation were associated with higher global levels of workaholism, whereas perceived supervisor support was negatively related to global levels of workaholism. We then examined the distinct configurations, or profiles, taken by workaholism dimensions (global workaholism, and specific working excessively and compulsively; Studies 2 and 3) and psychological detachment (Study 3). Studies 2 and 3 also documented the associations between these workaholism profiles, and correlated predictor (e.g. supervisor support, workload) and outcome (e.g. emotional exhaustion, work performance) variables. Three of the four profiles identified were similar across studies (Low Global and Average Specific Workaholism,Average Global and Specific Workaholism and High Global and Average Specific Workaholism), whereas one profile was different across studies and samples. In both studies, the High Global and Average Specific Workaholism profile was associated with the worst correlated outcome variables (e.g. high levels of emotional exhaustion, low levels of job satisfaction).
Effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) saponins on meat color and myoglobin reduction status in the longissimus thoracis muscle of growing lambs
Authors: Liu Ce , Xu Chen‐chen , Qu Yang‐hua , Guo Ping‐ting , Ma Yong , Wang Bo , Zhang Hao , Luo Hai‐ling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effect of alfalfa saponins (AS) supplementation on the meat quality especially the color for growing lamb was investigated. Fifty Hu male lambs with body weights (BW, 19.21 ± 0.45 kg) were divided into five groups and supplemented AS with 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg/kg of dietary dry matter intake. After 90 days, all lambs were slaughtered. The longissimus thoracis muscle in lamb displayed significant changes in the content of intramuscular fat, especially n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and drip loss within AS treatment (p < .05) between control and treatments groups. Redness (a*) significantly improved in both 0‐day and 7‐day storage with the AS supplementation coupled with the percentage of met‐myoglobin reduction (p < .05). The redness (a*) change may result from improved met‐myoglobin reducing activity, antioxidant enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase (p < .05) by AS supplementation in muscle. These enzymes may help to protect mitochondria function and reduce met‐myoglobin, which bring a bright and red meat color.
How do standard setters define materiality and why does it matter?
Authors: Clark Cynthia E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMaterial information is a core aspect of a firm's governance and reporting activities. If corporate information is material, then the firm has a responsibility to disclose it. Currently, firms must judge information as material largely based on a confusing set of standard setters’ definitions. I analyze the particular conditions laid out by each standard setter and explain the ethical implications that result from materiality judgments made by firms using these varied standards. Importantly, this analysis underscores that regulators, firms, and researchers alike must consider the impact of these implications on the fiduciary duty and promise‐keeping that firms make as well as the potential for unfairness and financial harm to others’ welfare that could result.
Vulnerable groups and the hollow promise of benefit from human gene editing
Authors: Tonkens Ryan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMainstream academic debate on the ethics of human gene editing is currently not as inclusive as it should be. For example, it currently does not give due consideration to Indigenous groups and cultures, such as those living in rural and remote areas of Canada. Once such people are given due consideration, then several important points emerge, which have so far gone unnoticed or under‐emphasized in the debate. This article focuses on two of those points: (a) Some vulnerable people who are currently being ignored in the debate may not desire to use gene editing, even if it is safe, effective and affordable, and they will have compelling reasons for making this decision; and (b) even if such people do decide to use the technology, the gene editing enterprise itself is unlikely to do much good for them (and may even be harmful to them), as it alarmingly misses the point regarding the underlying contributing causes of the most pressing problems that those people are facing. Therefore, the promise of the gene editing enterprise is a hollow one for some groups of vulnerable people. These considerations should be used more prominently to guide debate on the ethics of human gene editing.