bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure Dependent Dissolution of Non‐Cubic Au Crystallites in Aqua Regia
Authors: Sow Chaitali , Kulkarni Giridhar U. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProperties of metal crystallites are governed by their morphologies and inherent crystal structures. In this work, bipyramidal Au microcrystallites hosting non‐cubic lattices, body‐centered orthorhombic and tetragonal (together termed as bc(o,t)), are investigated for their stability in aqua regia. Specifically, microcrystallites comprising 92 % of bc(o,t) have been subjected to aqua regia of different concentrations and the changes in morphology and lattice phases have been monitored using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction techniques. The dissolution process was found to be crystal structure dependent and begin at the bipyramidal tips enriched with fcc lattice while retaining the bc(o,t) rich body. Interestingly, with increasing the reaction times, the remaining core was found to be highly reluctant to dissolution and instead, transformed to tetragonal lattices which with increasing treatment, exhibited lattice parameters closer to that of fcc. The study reveals the presence of a bc(o,t)‐fcc core‐shell structure with the tips enriched with fcc.
Gene expression profiling by cDNA‐AFLP reveals potential candidate genes for imazapyr‐induced male sterility in sunflower
Authors: Loste Nicolás , Nestares Graciela M. , Felitti Silvina A. , Ochogavía Ana C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChemically induced male sterility (CIMS) is a valuable tool for hybrid breeding in crops. In this context, the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)‐inhibiting imazapyr has been proposed to induce male sterility in Imisun sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) when applied during early reproductive development in a two‐fold higher than recommended field dose. This study aimed to perform a comparative transcriptomic analysis to find out the molecular bases of the gametocidal effect of imazapyr on two Imisun genotypes differing in their herbicide resistance level: completely resistant and intermediate resistant. The CIMS of treated plants was confirmed at physiological and anatomical levels. A total of 948 differentially expressed transcript‐derived fragments (TDFs) were identified by complementary DNA amplified fragment‐length polymorphism (cDNA‐AFLP) analysis at the three most informative developmental stages of anther development. Several genes related to xenobiotic metabolism and stress, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and ATP‐binding cassette transporters, were identified in the completely resistant genotype. Interestingly, a group of genes, including protein kinases, sulfonylurea receptor 1, aspartic signal peptide‐peptidase, and specific membrane transporters, were recognized from the differential TDFs simultaneously detected in both genotypes. Some of these transcripts were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in both genotypes. Therefore, these transcripts could be exclusively related to the CIMS in sunflower. Based on the results, we suggest a probable model of action for the gametocidal effect of imazapyr. Our research provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of male sterility induction in sunflower.
Understanding the Oxidation and Reduction Reactions of Sulfur in Rechargeable Aluminum‐Sulfur Batteries with Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Bian Yinghui , Jiang Weichuan , Zhang Yonglei , Zhao Lishun , Wang Xiaohang , Lv Zichuan , Zhou Shuai , Han Yuqing , Chen Hui , Lin Meng‐Chang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAl‐based batteries are promising next‐generation rechargeable batteries owing to the abundance of raw materials and their high potential energy density. The Al−S system has attracted considerable attention because of its high energy density and low cost. However, its low discharge voltage plateau (0.6–1.2 V) hampers its practical application. Herein, eight ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents were studied as electrolyte candidates for an Al−S cell. This was the first study to demonstrate that an Al−S cell based on an AlCl3/acetamide electrolyte (1.3 molar ratio) showed high discharge voltage plateaus (1.65–1.95 V) and a charging cut‐off voltage of 2.5 V in Al−S cells. An Al−S cell of 0.33 mAh capacity with the AlCl3/acetamide electrolyte successfully lit up a red LED (forward voltage 1.6–2.0 V) for around 2 h. This work may help in promoting the development of high‐performance and low‐cost Al−S cells.
Engineered Sorghum Bagasse Enables a Sustainable Biorefinery with p‐Hydroxybenzoic Acid‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Wang Yunxuan , Meng Xianzhi , Tian Yang , Kim Kwang Ho , Jia Linjing , Pu Yunqiao , Leem Gyu , Kumar Deepak , Eudes Aymerick , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Yoo Chang Geun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntegrating multidisciplinary research in plant genetic engineering and renewable deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can facilitate a sustainable and economic biorefinery. Herein, we leveraged a plant genetic engineering approach to specifically incorporate C6C1 monomers into the lignin structure. By expressing the bacterial ubiC gene in sorghum, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (PB)‐rich lignin was incorporated into the plant cell wall while this monomer was completely absent in the lignin of the wild‐type (WT) biomass. A DES was synthesized with choline chloride (ChCl) and PB and applied to the pretreatment of the PB‐rich mutant biomass for a sustainable biorefinery. The release of fermentable sugars was significantly enhanced (∼190 % increase) compared to untreated biomass by the DES pretreatment. In particular, the glucose released from the pretreated mutant biomass was up to 12 % higher than that from the pretreated WT biomass. Lignin was effectively removed from the biomass with the preservation of more than half of the β‐Ο‐4 linkages without condensed aromatic structures. Hydrogenolysis of the fractionated lignin was conducted to demonstrate the potential of phenolic compound production. In addition, a simple hydrothermal treatment could selectively extract PB from the same engineered lignin, showing a possible circular biorefinery. These results suggest that the combination of PB‐based DES and engineered PB‐rich biomass is a promising strategy to achieve a sustainable closed‐loop biorefinery.
Metal‐Free Triazine‐Based 2D Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient H2 Evolution by Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Ruidas Santu , Mohanty Bishnupad , Bhanja Piyali , Erakulan E. S. , Thapa Ranjit , Das Prasenjit , Chowdhury Avik , Mandal Sanjay K. , Jena Bikash Kumar , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by electrochemical water splitting is one of the most active areas of energy research, yet the benchmark electrocatalysts used for this reaction are based on expensive noble metals. This is a major bottleneck for their large‐scale operation. Thus, development of efficient metal‐free electrocatalysts is of paramount importance for sustainable and economical production of the renewable fuel hydrogen by water splitting. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show much promise for this application by virtue of their architectural stability, nanoporosity, abundant active sites located periodically throughout the framework, and high electronic conductivity due to extended π‐delocalization. This study concerns a new COF material, C6‐TRZ‐TFP, which is synthesized by solvothermal polycondensation of 2‐hydroxybenzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbaldehyde (TFP) and 4,4′,4′′‐(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris[(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4‐amine]. C6‐TRZ‐TFP displayed excellent HER activity in electrochemical water splitting, with a very low overpotential of 200 mV and specific activity of 0.2831 mA cm−2 together with high retention of catalytic activity after a long duration of electrocatalysis in 0.5 m aqueous H2SO4. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the electron‐deficient carbon sites near the π electron‐donating nitrogen atoms are more active towards HER than those near the electron‐withdrawing nitrogen and oxygen atoms.
A brief history and popularity of methods and tools used to estimate micro‐evolutionary forces
Authors: Kidner Jonathan , Theodorou Panagiotis , Engler Jan O. , Taubert Martin , Husemann Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPopulation genetics is a field of research that predates the current generations of sequencing technology. Those approaches, that were established before massively parallel sequencing methods, have been adapted to these new marker systems (in some cases involving the development of new methods) that allow genome‐wide estimates of the four major micro‐evolutionary forces—mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and selection. Nevertheless, classic population genetic markers are still commonly used and a plethora of analysis methods and programs is available for these and high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) data. These methods employ various and diverse theoretical and statistical frameworks, to varying degrees of success, to estimate similar evolutionary parameters making it difficult to get a concise overview across the available approaches. Presently, reviews on this topic generally focus on a particular class of methods to estimate one or two evolutionary parameters. Here, we provide a brief history of methods and a comprehensive list of available programs for estimating micro‐evolutionary forces. We furthermore analyzed their usage within the research community based on popularity (citation bias) and discuss the implications of this bias for the software community. We found that a few programs received the majority of citations, with program success being independent of both the parameters estimated and the computing platform. The only deviation from a model of exponential growth in the number of citations was found for the presence of a graphical user interface (GUI). Interestingly, no relationship was found for the impact factor of the journals, when the tools were published, suggesting accessibility might be more important than visibility.
pyResearchInsights—An open‐source Python package for scientific text analysis
Authors: Shetty Sarthak J. , Ramesh Vijay 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

With an increasing number of scientific articles published each year, there is a need to synthesize and obtain insights across ever‐growing volumes of literature. Here, we present pyResearchInsights, a novel open‐source automated content analysis package that can be used to analyze scientific abstracts within a natural language processing framework.

The package collects abstracts from scientific repositories, identifies topics of research discussed in these abstracts, and presents interactive concept maps to visualize these research topics. To showcase the utilities of this package, we present two examples, specific to the field of ecology and conservation biology.

First, we demonstrate the end‐to‐end functionality of the package by presenting topics of research discussed in 1,131 abstracts pertaining to birds of the Tropical Andes. Our results suggest that a large proportion of avian research in this biodiversity hotspot pertains to species distributions, climate change, and plant ecology.

Second, we retrieved and analyzed 22,561 abstracts across eight journals in the field of conservation biology to identify twelve global topics of conservation research. Our analysis shows that conservation policy and landscape ecology are focal topics of research. We further examined how these conservation‐associated research topics varied across five biodiversity hotspots.

Lastly, we compared the utilities of this package with existing tools that carry out automated content analysis, and we show that our open‐source package has wider functionality and provides end‐to‐end utilities that seldom exist across other tools.
A hierarchical distance sampling model to estimate spatially explicit sea otter density
Authors: Wilson Ryan R. , St. Martin Michelle , Beatty William S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWildlife managers often rely on analyses conducted prior to the widespread adoption of hierarchical models which can lead to questions about the accuracy of previous inferences. Hierarchical models allow observed data to be partitioned into factors that influenced the collection of the data such as detectability of animals (i.e., observation processes) and factors that influence the ecology of a population such as features that affect the distribution of animals (i.e., ecological processes). Population surveys for sea otters in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, have historically been conducted by conflating the observation and ecological processes potentially leading to inaccurate population estimates. Based on boat and plane‐based sea otter survey data collected in 2017, we sought to overcome many problems of previous sea otter surveys in southwestern Alaska. We developed a spatially explicit hierarchical distance sampling model to estimate the abundance of sea otters in the Eastern Aleutians Management Unit while explicitly accounting for factors that affect the ability to detect sea otters during surveys (i.e., group size, ocean conditions). We also sought to account for the environmental factors leading to the non‐uniform distribution of sea otter groups by identifying relationships between otter group abundance and environmental attributes (i.e., ocean depth, presence of kelp, underwater substrate). Detection of sea otter groups was related to group size, and ocean conditions (e.g., ocean swell size). After accounting for detection, we estimated a mean population size of 8593 individual sea otters (95% CI: 7450–9984) which is considerably higher than previous estimates, although comparisons are difficult given divergent methodologies. Sea otter group density was negatively related to ocean depth and the presence of rock and gravel as underwater substrates. Conversely, sea otter group density was positively related to the presence of kelp and mud as an underwater substrate. Our hierarchical distance sampling model accounted for the observation process which allowed better estimates of the environmental attributes affecting otter abundance. Our research can serve as a template for other study systems requiring spatially explicit density estimates from a distance sampling framework and can help provide a new baseline for managers to gauge future population changes in sea otters.
Enhancement of sensory and nutritional quality of Sel‐roti by the incorporation of soy flour
Authors: Thapa Magar Bipana , Katawal Surendra Bahadur , Niroula Anuj 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSel‐roti is a doughnut‐like deep‐fat fried, puffed, spongy, ring‐shaped, and fermented rice‐flour confectionary indigenous to Nepal. This study was aimed to enhance the sensory and nutritional quality of Sel‐roti by incorporating soy flour. The best product was selected by a series of sensory evaluations, and the nutritional quality was then compared with the control. Sel‐roti prepared by incorporating 10% of roasted soybean flour (RSF) had significantly superior (p < .05) sensory perceptions viz. color and appearance, texture, flavor, taste, and overall acceptance among the studied samples. The moisture, crude fat, crude protein, total ash, crude fiber, iron, calcium, and energy content in the best product were significantly increased (p < .05) by the incorporation of 10% RSF. However, total carbohydrates was significantly reduced (p < .05) at 10% RSF incorporation. The results can be used by food processors to formulate a batter for the production of Sel‐roti with enhanced sensory and nutritional properties.
Aberrant functional brain network dynamics in patients with functional constipation
Authors: Yin Tao , He Zhaoxuan , Ma Peihong , Sun Ruirui , Xie Kunnan , Liu Tianyu , Chen Li , Chen Jingwen , Hou Likai , Teng Yuke , Guo Yuyi , Tian Zilei , Xiong Jing , Wang Fumin , Li Shenghong , Yang Sha , Zeng Fang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aberrant static functional connectivity of brain network has been widely investigated in patients with functional constipation (FCon). However, the dynamics of brain functional connectivity in FCon patients remained unknown. This study aimed to detect the brain dynamics of functional connectivity states and network topological organizations of FCon patients and investigate the correlations of the aberrant brain dynamics with symptom severity. Eighty‐three FCon patients and 80 healthy subjects (HS) were included in data analysis. The spatial group independent component analysis, sliding‐window approach, k‐means clustering, and graph‐theoretic analysis were applied to investigate the dynamic temporal properties and coupling patterns of functional connectivity states, as well as the time‐variation of network topological organizations in FCon patients. Four reoccurring functional connectivity states were identified in k‐means clustering analysis. Compared to HS, FCon patients manifested the lower occurrence rate and mean dwell time in the state with a complex connection between default mode network and cognitive control network, as well as the aberrant anterior insula–cortical coupling patterns in this state, which were significantly correlated with the symptom severity. The graph‐theoretic analysis demonstrated that FCon patients had higher sample entropy at the nodal efficiency of anterior insula than HS. The current findings provided dynamic perspectives for understanding the brain connectome of FCon and laid the foundation for the potential treatment of FCon based on brain connectomics.
α‐ and β‐Eliminations in Transition Metal Complexes: Strategies to Cleave Unstrained C−C and C−F Bonds
Authors: Karimzadeh‐Younjali Morteza , Wendt Ola F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOxidative addition is the standard process for single‐bond activation in transition metal catalysis and it is known to operate for many types of bonds, but challenging σ‐bonds e. g. C(sp3)−F and C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds are the exceptions in this respect. This short review aims at demonstrating how both α‐ and β‐eliminations may be better options for activation of unstrained C−F and C−C single bonds. Selected examples of such eliminations are presented with a mechanistic focus indicating how unstrained and unactivated C−C and C−F bonds can be broken by employing α‐ and β‐eliminations in transition metal hydrocarbyl ligands. Our examples show that the reaction barrier in β‐eliminations is controlled by the s‐character of the participating bonds where a higher s‐character gives a better overlap in the multi‐center transition state thereby increasing the reactivity; still β‐aryl eliminations can compete with the classical β‐hydrogen eliminations in certain cases.
Thrombocytopenia in severe iron deficiency anemia in children
Authors: van den Akker Machiel , Chielens Laura , Lopes Lisa , van Heerden Jaques , Zaqout Mahmoud , van der Werf Ten Bosch Jutte 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common in the pediatric population and often accompanied by mild thrombocytosis, but rarely profound thrombocytopenia is seen. We describe the data of children with IDA and thrombocytopenia in two centers and discuss the published data in the literature.MethodsIn this retrospective case series, the medical records of patients under the age of 19 years old diagnosed with IDA in two tertiary medical centers over the last 10 years, were reviewed. The data were collected and compared to the data published in the medical literature.ResultsAll the patients presented with severe IDA and thrombocytopenia improved with iron treatment. Although none of the patients had signs of major bleeding, the thrombocytopenia could mostly be classified as severe (platelet count <50×10E9/L). Due to the severity of the anemia, in about half of the cases, a red blood cell transfusion was given. The peak of the platelet count was seen in the first month after the start of iron treatment. In eight cases of children with IDA, the thrombocytopenia appeared after the supplementation of iron was started.ConclusionClinically stable children with severe IDA and thrombocytopenia, where other causes are very unlikely, warrant an empiric monotherapy with iron to prevent unnecessary investigations and treatments.
Valproate‐associated hair abnormalities: Pathophysiology and management strategies
Authors: Praharaj Samir Kumar , Munoli Ravindra N. , Udupa Suma T. , Vaidyanathan Sivapriya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo review the literature on valproate‐associated hair abnormalities and the available treatment options.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords including “valproate”, “valproic acid”, “hair”, “alopecia”, and “effluvium,” supplemented with hand search from cross‐references. We included all types of studies including case reports in this review.ResultsThe pathophysiology of hair loss includes telogen effluvium, biotin, mineral deficiency, and possibly hyperandrogenism. Diagnosis is based on history of hair loss or abnormalities following valproate treatment, and is confirmed by use of simple clinical tests such as pull test and modified wash test. Treatment involves reassurance and advice on hair care, and if possible drug discontinuation or dose reduction. Medications such as biotin and other vitamins with minerals supplementation is effective for most individuals with hair loss. Other treatment options are agomelatine, topical valproate or minoxidil, though these lack evidence.ConclusionHair abnormalities with valproate are common, benign adverse effects, and management includes general measures and specific treatment options.
Characteristics of antipsychotic drug‐induced hypothermia in psychogeriatric inpatients
Authors: Kamp Daniel , Paschali Myrella , Bouanane Annabelle , Christl Julia , Supprian Tillmann , Meisenzahl‐Lechner Eva , Kojda Georg , Lange‐Asschenfeldt Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveHypothermia is a potentially lethal adverse reaction to typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs (APD). Among predisposing factors are advanced age and comorbid somatic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of hypothermia and quantify risk factors.MethodCharts of N = 3002 psychogeriatric inpatients were screened for incidence of hypothermia (body core temperature <35.0°C). The frequency of hypothermia was compared between patients treated with versus without APD and, within the sample of APD‐treated patients, for (1) specific APD, (2) sex, (3) main diagnosis, and (4) age.ResultsN = 54 cases (2.6%) of hypothermia occurred in APD‐treated patients and 12 cases (1.3%) in non‐APD‐treated patients (p = 0.024). In APD‐treated patients, only male sex (p = 0.038) and pipamperone were associated with a higher incidence of hypothermia (p = 0.0017). Whereas the main diagnosis delirium showed a trend to significance, age did not correlate with hypothermia.ConclusionMedication with pipamperone was associated with an increased risk of hypothermia. The advanced age of our sample might as well explain the high incidence of hypothermia within our sample and the failure to detect high age as a risk factor due to a ceiling effect.