bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the motivation of Red Cross Health volunteers in the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Heyerdahl Leonardo W , Vray Muriel , Leger Vincent , Le Fouler Lénaig , Antouly Julien , Troit Virginie , Giles-Vernick Tamara 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionVoluntary organisations provide essential support to vulnerable populations and front-line health responders to the COVID-19 pandemic. The French Red Cross (FRC) is prominent among organisations offering health and support services in the current crisis. Comprised primarily of lay volunteers and some trained health workers, FRC volunteers in the Paris (France) region have faced challenges in adapting to pandemic conditions, working with sick and vulnerable populations, managing limited resources and coping with high demand for their services. Existing studies of volunteers focus on individual, social and organisational determinants of motivation, but attend less to contextual ones. Public health incertitude about the COVID-19 pandemic is an important feature of this pandemic. Whether and how uncertainty interacts with volunteer understandings and experiences of their work and organisational relations to contribute to Red Cross worker motivation is the focus of this investigation.Methods and analysisThis mixed-methods study will investigate volunteer motivation using ethnographic methods and social network listening. Semi-structured interviews and observations will illuminate FRC volunteer work relations, experiences and concerns during the pandemic. A questionnaire targeting a sample of Paris region volunteers will allow quantification of motivation. These findings will iteratively shape and be influenced by a social media (Twitter) analysis of biomedical and public health uncertainties and debates around COVID-19. These tweets provide insight into a French lay public’s interpretations of these debates. We evaluate whether and how socio-political conditions and discourses concerning COVID-19 interact with volunteer experiences, working conditions and organisational relations to influence volunteer motivation. Data collection began on 15 June 2020 and will continue until 15 April 2021.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has received ethical approval from the Institut Pasteur Institutional Review Board (no 2020-03). We will disseminate findings through peer-reviewed articles, conference presentations and recommendations to the FRC.
Care-experienced cHildren and young people’s Interventions to improve Mental health and wEll-being outcomes: Systematic review (CHIMES) protocol
Authors: Evans Rhiannon , Boffey Maria , MacDonald Sarah , Noyes Jane , Melendez-Torres G.J. , Morgan Helen E , Trubey Rob , Robling Michael , Willis Simone , Wooders Charlotte 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThe mental health and well-being of children and young people who have been in care (ie, care-experienced) are a priority. There are a range of interventions aimed at addressing these outcomes, but the international evidence-base remains ambiguous. There is a paucity of methodologically robust systematic reviews of intervention effectiveness, with few considering the contextual conditions under which evaluations were conducted. This is important in understanding the potential transferability of the evidence-base across contexts. The present systematic review will adopt a complex systems perspective to synthesise evidence reporting evaluations of mental health and well-being interventions for care-experienced children and young people. It will address impact, equity, cost-effectiveness, context, implementation and acceptability. Stakeholder consultation will prioritise a programme theory, and associated intervention, that may progress to further development and evaluation in the UK.Methods and analysisWe will search 16 bibliographic databases from 1990 to June 2020. Supplementary searching will include citation tracking, author recommendation, and identification of evidence clusters relevant to included evaluations. The eligible population is children and young people (aged ≤25 years) with experience of being in care. Outcomes are (1) mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders; (2) subjective well-being; (3) self-harm; suicidal ideation; suicide. Study quality will be appraised with methodologically appropriate tools. We will construct a taxonomy of programme theories and intervention types. Thematic synthesis will be used for qualitative data reporting context, implementation and acceptability. If appropriate, meta-analysis will be conducted with outcome and economic data. Convergent synthesis will be used to integrate syntheses of qualitative and quantitative data.Ethics and disseminationWe have a comprehensive strategy for engagement with care-experienced children and young people, carers and social care professionals. Dissemination will include academic and non-academic publications and conference presentations. Ethical approval from Cardiff University’s School of Social Sciences REC will be obtained if necessary.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020177478.
Study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of comorbidities and stroke characteristics associated with troponin elevation after acute stroke
Authors: Jimenez-Ruiz Amado , Fridman Sebastian , Sposato Luciano A 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionIt is unknown which comorbidities and stroke characteristics are associated with elevated cardiac troponin (cTn) levels after stroke. The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the association of elevated cTn with preexisting cardiovascular comorbidities (eg, coronary artery disease, heart failure and structural heart disease), specific stroke characteristics (eg, infarct/haemorrhage size, stroke severity, insular cortex involvement) and renal failure after ischaemic stroke (IS) or intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). The secondary objective is to evaluate the association of elevated cTn with stroke recurrence and death.Methods and analysisWe will include all cross-sectional, case–control, cohort studies and clinical trials involving IS and ICH adult patients (≥18 years), published between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2020 in English or Spanish, reporting the proportion with elevated cTn. We will search PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science by applying predefined search terms. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, retrieve full texts, extract the data in a predesigned form, and assess the risk of bias. We will apply random-effects or fixed-effects meta-analyses to estimate the association between cardiovascular comorbidities, stroke characteristics and renal failure with cTn elevation. We will report results as risk ratios or ORs. We will perform sensitivity analyses for subtypes of cTn (cTn-I and cTn-T), regular versus high-sensitivity assays, and type of stroke (IS vs ICH). We will estimate heterogeneity by using t2Qand I2measures. We will use funnel plots, Rosenthal’s Fail-Safe N, Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill procedure, and Egger’s regression intercept to assess publication bias.Ethics and disseminationThis review will be based on published data and does therefore not require ethical clearance. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020203126.
Effect of wrist dorsiflexion on ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterisation using dynamic needle tip positioning technique in adult patients: a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Xiao Qingyu , Xu Dejiang , Zhuang Shaohui 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIt is generally recommended to keep the wrist joint mildly dorsiflexed during radial artery catheterisation. However, wrist dorsiflexion might decrease the success rate of radial artery catheterisation with dynamic needle tip positioning technique. Therefore, we assessed the success rates of two groups with or without wrist dorsiflexion by 5 cm wrist elevation in adult patients.MethodsThis randomised controlled clinical trial was performed between March and December 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China. We recruited 120 adult patients undergoing major surgical procedures and randomly allocated them into two groups: dorsiflexion group (group D) and neutral group (group N). The primary outcome was first-attempt success rates of two groups. Secondary outcomes were overall success rates within 5 min; numbers of insertion and cannulation attempts; overall catheterisation time; duration of localisation, insertion and cannulation; and complication rates of catheterisation.ResultsFirst-attempt success rate was 88.3% in group D and 81.7% in group N (p=0.444). The overall success rate within 5 min was 93.3% in group D compared with 90.0% in group N (p=0.743). Numbers of insertion and cannulation attempts, overall catheterisation time, duration of localisation and insertion, and complication rates did not show a significant difference between the two groups. Cannulation time was longer in group N (35.68 s) than that in group D (26.19 s; p<0.05).ConclusionWrist dorsiflexion may not be a necessity for ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterisation using dynamic needle tip positioning technique in adult patients.Trial registration numberChiCTR1800015262.
Green spaces, subjective health and depressed affect in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-country comparison of four European cohorts
Authors: Noordzij J Mark , Beenackers Marielle A , Oude Groeniger Joost , Timmermans Erik , Chaix Basile , Doiron Dany , Huisman Martijn , Motoc Irina , Ruiz Milagros , Wissa Rita , Avendano Mauricio , van Lenthe Frank J 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundStudies on associations between urban green space and mental health have yielded mixed results. This study examines associations of green space exposures with subjective health and depressed affect of middle-aged and older adults in four European cohorts.MethodsData came from four Western-European and Central-European ageing cohorts harmonised as part of the Mindmap project, comprising 16 189 adults with an average age of 50–71 years. Green space exposure was based on the distance to the nearest green space and the amount of green space within 800 m buffers around residential addresses. Cohort-specific and one-step individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses were used to examine associations of green space exposures with subjective health and depressed affect.ResultsThe amount of green spaces within 800 m buffers was lowest for Residential Environment and CORonary heart Disease (Paris, 15.0 hectares) and highest for Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, 35.9 hectares). IPD analyses indicated no evidence of an association between the distance to the nearest green space and depressed affect (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00) or good self-rated health (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.02). Likewise, the amount of green space within 800 m buffers did not predict depressed affect (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00) or good self-rated health (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.02). Findings were consistent across all cohorts.ConclusionsData from four European ageing cohorts provide no support for the hypothesis that green space exposure is associated with subjective health or depressed affect. While longitudinal evidence is required, these findings suggest that green space may be less important for older urban residents.
Music intervention to relieve anxiety and pain in adults undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kakar Ellaha , Billar Ryan J , van Rosmalen Joost , Klimek Markus , Takkenberg Johanna J M , Jeekel Johannes 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesPrevious studies have reported beneficial effects of perioperative music on patients’ anxiety and pain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials investigating music interventions in cardiac surgery.MethodsFive electronic databases were systematically searched. Primary outcomes were patients’ postoperative anxiety and pain. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, opioid use, vital parameters and time on mechanical ventilation. PRISMA guidelines were followed and PROSPERO database registration was completed (CRD42020149733). A meta-analysis was performed using random effects models and pooled standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsTwenty studies were included for qualitative analysis (1169 patients) and 16 (987 patients) for meta-analysis. The first postoperative music session was associated with significantly reduced postoperative anxiety (SMD = –0.50 (95% CI –0.67 to –0.32), p<0.01) and pain (SMD = –0.51 (95% CI –0.84 to –0.19), p<0.01). This is equal to a reduction of 4.00 points (95% CI 2.56 to 5.36) and 1.05 points (95% CI 0.67 to 1.41) on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)/Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), respectively, for anxiety, and 1.26 points (95% CI 0.47 to 2.07) on the VAS/NRS for pain. Multiple days of music intervention reduced anxiety until 8 days postoperatively (SMD = –0.39 (95% CI –0.64 to –0.15), p<0.01).ConclusionsOffering recorded music is associated with a significant reduction in postoperative anxiety and pain in cardiac surgery. Unlike pharmacological interventions, music is without side effects so is promising in this population.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)-based canopy height modeling under leaf-on and leaf-off conditions for determining tree height and crown diameter (case study: Hyrcanian mixed forest)
Authors: Nasiri Vahid , Darvishsefat Ali A. , Arefi Hossein , Pierrot-Deseilligny Marc , Namiranian Manochehr , Le Bris Arnaud 
Published: January 2021

Tree height and crown diameter are two common individual tree attributes that can be estimated from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images thanks to photogrammetry and structure from motion. This research investigates the potential of low-cost UAV aerial images to estimate tree height and crown diameter. Two successful flights were carried out in two different seasons corresponding to leaf-off and leaf-on conditions to generate a digital terrain model and a digital surface model, which were further employed in calculation of a canopy height model (CHM). The CHM was used to estimate tree height using low pass and local maximum filters, and crown diameter was estimated based on an inverse watershed segmentation algorithm. UAV-based tree height and crown diameter estimates were validated against field measurements and resulted in 3.22 m (10.1%) and 0.81 m (7.02%) root mean square errors, respectively. The results showed high agreement between our estimates and field measurements, with an R2 of 0.808 for tree height and an R2 of 0.923 for crown diameter. Generally, the accuracy of the results was considered acceptable and confirmed the usefulness of this approach for estimating tree heights and crown diameter.
On leptonic width of X(4260)
Authors: Cao Qin-Fang , Qi Hong-Rong , Tang Guang-Yi , Xue Yun-Feng , Zheng Han-Qing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNew measurements on cross sections in $$e^+e^-\rightarrow J/\psi \pi ^+\pi ^-$$

e
+

e
-

→
J
/
ψ

π
+

π
-

, $$h_c\pi ^+\pi ^-$$

h
c

π
+

π
-

, $$D^0D^{*-}\pi ^++c.c.$$

D
0

D

∗
-

π
+

+
c
.
c
.

, $$\psi (2S)\pi ^+\pi ^-$$

ψ

(
2
S
)

π
+

π
-

, $$\omega \chi _{c0}$$

ω

χ

c
0

and $$J/\psi \eta $$

J
/
ψ
η

channels have been carried out by BESIII, Belle and BABAR experiments, as well as in the $$D_s^{*+}D_s^{*-}$$

D
s

∗
+

D
s

∗
-

channel. We perform extensive numerical analyses by combining all these data available, together with those in $$D^+D^{*-}+c.c.$$

D
+

D

∗
-

+
c
.
c
.

and $$D^{*+}D^{*-}$$

D

∗
+

D

∗
-

channels. Though the latter show no evident peak around $$\sqrt{s}=4.230$$

s

=
4.230

GeV, the missing X(4260) is explained as that it is concealed by the interference effects of the well established charmonia $$\psi (4040)$$

ψ
(
4040
)

, $$\psi (4160)$$

ψ
(
4160
)

and $$\psi (4415)$$

ψ
(
4415
)

. Our analyses reveal that the leptonic decay width of X(4260) ranges from $$\mathcal {O}(10^2)$$

O
(

10
2

)

eV to $$\mathcal {O}(1)$$

O
(
1
)

keV, and hence it is probably explained in the conventional quark model picture. That is, the X(4260) may well be interpreted as a mixture of $$4^3S_1$$

4
3

S
1

and $$3^3D_1$$

3
3

D
1

($$2^3D_1$$

2
3

D
1

) states.
Lyapunov exponent, ISCO and Kolmogorov–Senai entropy for Kerr–Kiselev black hole
Authors: Mondal Monimala , Rahaman Farook , Singh Ksh. Newton 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGeodesic motion has significant characteristics of space-time. We calculate the principle Lyapunov exponent (LE), which is the inverse of the instability timescale associated with this geodesics and Kolmogorov–Senai (KS) entropy for our rotating Kerr–Kiselev (KK) black hole. We have investigate the existence of stable/unstable equatorial circular orbits via LE and KS entropy for time-like and null circular geodesics. We have shown that both LE and KS entropy can be written in terms of the radial equation of innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) for time-like circular orbit. Also, we computed the equation marginally bound circular orbit, which gives the radius (smallest real root) of marginally bound circular orbit (MBCO). We found that the null circular geodesics has larger angular frequency than time-like circular geodesics ($$Q_o > Q_{\sigma }$$

Q
o

>

Q
σ

). Thus, null-circular geodesics provides the fastest way to circulate KK black holes. Further, it is also to be noted that null circular geodesics has shortest orbital period $$(T_{photon}< T_{ISCO})$$

(

T

photon

<

T

ISCO

)

among the all possible circular geodesics. Even null circular geodesics traverses fastest than any stable time-like circular geodesics other than the ISCO.
Delta-Like Ligand–Notch1 Signaling Is Selectively Modulated by HPV16 E6 to Promote Squamous Cell Proliferation and Correlates with Cervical Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Khelil Maryam , Griffin Heather , Bleeker Maaike C.G. , Steenbergen Renske D.M. , Zheng Ke , Saunders-Wood Taylor , Samuels Sanne , Rotman Jossie , Vos Wim , van den Akker Brendy E. , de Menezes Renée X. , Kenter Gemma G. , Doorbar John , Jordanova Ekaterina S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) drives high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer; for unknown reasons, this occurs most often in the cervical transformation zone. Either mutation or HPV E6–driven inhibition of Notch1 can drive neoplastic development in stratified squamous epithelia. However, the contribution of Notch1 and its Delta-like ligands (DLL) to site susceptibility remains poorly understood. Here, we map DLL1/DLL4 expression in cell populations present in normal cervical biopsies by immunofluorescence. In vitro keratinocyte 2D monolayer models, growth assays, and organotypic raft cultures were used to assess the functional role of DLL–Notch signaling in uninfected cells and its modulation by HPV16 in neoplasia. An RNA sequencing–based gene signature was used to suggest the cell of origin of 279 HPV-positive cervical carcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas and to relate this to disease prognosis. Finally, the prognostic impact of DLL4 expression was investigated in three independent cervical cancer patient cohorts. Three molecular cervical carcinoma subtypes were identified, with reserve cell tumors the most common and linked to relatively good prognosis. Reserve cells were characterized as DLL1−/DLL4+, a proliferative phenotype that is temporarily observed during squamous metaplasia and wound healing but appears to be sustained by HPV16 E6 in raft models of low-grade and, more prominently, high-grade neoplasia. High expression of DLL4 was associated with an increased likelihood of cervical cancer–associated death and recurrence. Taken together, DLL4–Notch1 signaling reflects a proliferative cellular state transiently present during physiologic processes but inherent to cervical reserve cells, making them strongly resemble neoplastic tissue even before HPV infection has occurred.

Significance:
This study investigates cervical cancer cell-of-origin populations and describes a DLL–Notch1 phenotype that is associated with disease prognosis and that might help identify cells that are susceptible to HPV-induced carcinogenesis.
Pilot Study to Characterize Middle Cerebral Artery Dynamic Response to an Acute Bout of Moderate Intensity Exercise at 3‐ and 6‐Months Poststroke
Authors: Billinger Sandra A. , Whitaker Alicen A. , Morton Allegra , Kaufman Carolyn S. , Perdomo Sophy J. , Ward Jaimie L. , Eickmeyer Sarah M. , Bai Stephen X. , Ledbetter Luke , Abraham Michael G. 
Published: January 2021

Background
The primary aim of this study was to characterize the middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) dynamic response to an acute bout of exercise in humans at 3‐ and 6‐months poststroke. As a secondary objective, we grouped individuals according to the MCAv dynamic response to the exercise bout as responder or nonresponder. We tested whether physical activity, aerobic fitness, and exercise mean arterial blood pressure differed between groups.

Methods and Results

Transcranial Doppler ultrasound measured MCAv during a 90‐second baseline followed by a 6‐minute moderate intensity exercise bout. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and end‐tidal CO
2
were additional variables of interest. The MCAv dynamic response variables included the following: baseline, time delay, amplitude, and time constant. Linear mixed model revealed no significant differences in our selected outcomes between 3‐ and 6‐months poststroke. Individuals characterized as responders demonstrated a faster time delay, higher amplitude, and reported higher levels of physical activity and aerobic fitness when compared with the nonresponders. No between‐group differences were identified for baseline, time constant, or exercise mean arterial blood pressure. In the nonresponders, we observed an immediate rise in MCAv following exercise onset followed by an immediate decline to near baseline values, while the responders showed an exponential rise until steady state was reached.

Conclusions
The MCAv dynamic response profile has the potential to provide valuable information during an acute exercise bout following stroke. Individuals with a greater MCAv response to the exercise stimulus reported statin use and regular participation in exercise.
The End of Protection: The Danish ‘Paradigm Shift’ and the Law of Cessation
Authors: Tan Nikolas Feith 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This contribution discusses the recent ‘paradigm shift’ in Danish refugee policy towards temporary protection and return in light of the law of the international legal standards governing when an asylum state can end the protection of refugees. The article provides an overview of the spectrum of cessation standards drawing on the 1951 Refugee Convention, complementary protection under human rights law and the concept of temporary protection, before setting out the legislative changes making up the Danish ‘paradigm shift’. The Danish case reveals a structural gap in the law of cessation as it regards to complementary protection. The lack of a comprehensive complementary protection framework in some jurisdictions leaves the law open to governments wishing to instrumentalise and minimise protection obligations. Finally, the article analyses legal and policy implications of the policy turn, discussing Denmark’s potential role as a forerunner in temporary protection and cessation, gaps in the law of cessation vis-à-vis complementary protection, and calling for increased scholarly focus on the law of cessation.