bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Converging evidence in support of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potential therapy for Huntington’s disease symptoms
Authors: Vega Owen M. , Cepeda Carlos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a genetic, inexorably fatal neurodegenerative disease. Patient average survivability is up to 20 years after the onset of symptoms. Those who suffer from the disease manifest motor, cognitive, and psychiatric impairments. There is indirect evidence suggesting that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) could have alleviating effects on most of HD symptoms. These include beneficial effects against cachexia and weight loss, decrease of cognitive impairment over time, and improvement of psychiatric symptoms such as depression and irritability. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between consumption of ω-3 PUFAs in diets and prevalence of HD, as well as direct effects on the diseaseviarelease of serotonin. Unfortunately, to date, very few studies have examined the effects of ω-3 PUFAs in HD, both on the symptoms and on disease progression. This paper reviews evidence in the literature suggesting that ω-3 PUFAs can be used in neurodegenerative disorders. This information can be extrapolated to support further research of ω-3 PUFAs and their potential use for HD treatment.
Investigation on the anti-penetration performance of the steel/nylon sandwich plate
Authors: Shen Chaoming , Liu Lei , Cai Xuanlong , Zhang Fei , Chen Wei , Ma Yijiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new method is developed to investigate the anti-penetration performance of the steel/nylon sandwich plate, which incorporates experimental method with numerical simulation. Constitutive parameters of the steel/nylon sandwich plate are measured by the Hopkinson Pressure Bar, and LS-DYNA is applied to simulate the penetration process of projectiles into the sandwich plate. The dynamic response, failure modes and energy absorption coefficients are obtained, and the penetration tests are conducted to verify the numerical method. Results show: results obtained by experimental and numerical methods have very high agreement, which demonstrates that the method proposed can be applicable for predicting the anti-penetration performance of the sandwich plate.
The non-linear effects of the Fed asset purchases
Authors: Anzuini Alessio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Federal Reserve responded to the great financial crisis deploying new monetary policy tools, the most notable of which being the expansion of its balance sheet. In a recent paper, Weale, M., and T. Wieladek. 2016. “What Are the Macroeconomic Effects of Asset Purchases?”Journal of Monetary Economics79 (C): 81–93 show that the asset purchases were effective in stimulating economic activity as well as inflation and asset prices. Here I show that their results are state dependent: large scale asset purchase are effective only when financial markets are impaired. Financial markets are under stress when the effective risk-bearing capacity of the financial sector is drastically reduced, i.e. when the excess bond premium (EBP) of Gilchrist, S., and E. Zakrajšek. 2012. “Credit Spreads and Business Cycle Fluctuations.”The American Economic Review102 (4): 1692–72 exceed a certain threshold. Using an estimated threshold vector autoregressive model conditional on the EBP regime, I show that an increase in the balance sheet has expansionary effects on GDP and inflation when EBP is high, but not when it is low (as its effects become mostly insignificant). I argue that the high EBP can be interpreted as a proxy of market dis-functioning so that only when this channel of transmission is on, the unconventional policy is particularly effective. This suggests that models of transmission of unconventional policies, based on asset purchases, should focus also on the market functioning channel and not only on the portfolio balance one.
Distinct Basal Metabolism in Three Mouse Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Menzies Caitlin , Naz Shama , Patten David , Alquier Thierry , Bennett Brian M. , Lacoste Baptiste 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevalence of metabolic disturbances is higher among individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), yet this association has been largely overlooked. Investigation into human disease remains challenging, as a complete pathophysiological understanding relies on accurate modeling and highly controlled variables. Genetically engineered mouse models are widely used to gain insight into the biology of human NDDs, but research focus has been on behavioral and neurophysiological abnormalities. Such models not only allow for evaluating usefulness in reproducing human features, including similarities and discrepancies with rodent phenotypes, but they also represent a unique opportunity to observe and quantify novel anomalies. Here, we present the first characterization and comparison of basal metabolism in three mouse models of NDDs, namely, Down syndrome (DS;Dp(16)Yey/+mice), 16p11.2 deletion syndrome (16pDel;16p11.2df/+mice), and fragile X syndrome [FXS;Fmr1knock-out (KO) mice] and their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Using the Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS) coupled to EchoMRI, as well as quantification of key plasma metabolites by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), ourin vivostudy reveals that each mouse model expresses a unique metabolic signature that is sex-specific, independent of the amount of food consumed and minimally influenced by physical activity. In particular, we identify striking differences in body composition, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), caloric expenditure (CE), and concentrations of circulating plasma metabolites related to mitochondrial function. Providing novel insight into NDD-associated metabolic alterations is an essential prerequisite for future preclinical and clinical interventions.
Review of Literatures: Physiology of Orofacial Pain in Dentistry
Authors: Rotpenpian Nattapon , Yakkaphan Pankeaw 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of this review of the literature is to summarize the physiology of orofacial pain in dentistry, particularly physiology of the pain pathway and molecular mechanisms on pathophysiology of pain, on account of new insights into classification of orofacial pain related diseases. This article will also focus on possible mechanisms of neuropathic orofacial pain which is distinguished from other types of pain.
Perceptual Learning beyond Perception: Mnemonic Representation in Early Visual Cortex and Intraparietal Sulcus
Authors: Jia Ke , Li Ya , Gong Mengyuan , Huang Hui , Wang Yonghui , Li Sheng 
Published: April 2021

The ability to discriminate between stimuli relies on a chain of neural operations associated with perception, memory and decision-making. Accumulating studies show learning-dependent plasticity in perception or decision-making, yet whether perceptual learning modifies mnemonic processing remains unclear. Here, we trained human participants of both sexes in an orientation discrimination task, while using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to separately examine training-induced changes in working memory (WM) representation. fMRI decoding revealed orientation-specific neural patterns during the delay period in primary visual cortex (V1) before, but not after, training, whereas neurodisruption of V1 during the delay period led to behavioral deficits in both phases. In contrast, both fMRI decoding and disruptive effect of TMS showed that intraparietal sulcus (IPS) represented WM content after, but not before, training. These results suggest that training does not affect the necessity of sensory area in representing WM information, consistent with the sensory recruitment hypothesis in WM, but likely alters the coding format of the stored stimulus in this region. On the other hand, training can render WM content to be maintained in higher-order parietal areas, complementing sensory area to support more robust maintenance of information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere has been accumulating progresses regarding experience-dependent plasticity in perception or decision-making, yet how perceptual experience moulds mnemonic processing of visual information remains less explored. Here, we provide novel findings that learning-dependent improvement of discriminability accompanies altered WM representation at different cortical levels. Critically, we suggest a role of training in modulating cortical locus of WM representation, providing a plausible explanation to reconcile the discrepant findings between human and animal studies regarding the recruitment of sensory or higher-order areas in WM.
„Rés a pajzson” – a pajzsmirigy modern képalkotó vizsgálata multidiszciplináris szemszögből
Authors: Palásti Péter , Zombori Tamás , Kaiser László , Magony Sándor , Kakuja Flóra , Vörös András , Morvay Zita , Kincses Zsigmond Tamás , Palkó András , Fejes Zsuzsanna 
Published: April 2021

Összefoglaló. A pajzsmirigy az első szervek közé tartozik, melyek
megjelenítésében, betegségeinek felfedezésében az ultrahang-diagnosztikának
fontos szerepe van. A pajzsmirigybetegségek a lakosság jelentős részét érintik,
és a technika fejlődésével egyre több pajzsmirigyeltérés, göb kerül
felfedezésre. A pajzsmirigy rosszindulatú folyamatainak nincs egy bizonyos
specifikus jele, viszont az ultrahangkép alapján meghatározhatók a malignitásra
gyanús eltérések. Erre az elmúlt években több összefoglaló rendszer is
született. Jelen összefoglaló tanulmányunknak az a célja, hogy bemutassuk a
pajzsmirigy ultrahangdiagnosztikájának fejlődését; összehasonlítsuk az egyes
leletezési rendszereket, úgymint TIRADS, EU-TIRADS, K-TIRADS, melyek célja a
feltehetőleg rosszindulatú göbök kiszűrése, azonosítása a mindennapi rutinmunka
során; vizsgáljuk a különböző rendszerek kapcsolatát a patológia által használt
Bethesda-pontrendszerrel. Az ultrahangvizsgálat megfelelő értékelése, a
pontrendszerek ismerete segíthet a pajzsmirigygöb differenciáldiagnózisában, a
követési frekvencia meghatározásában, csökkentheti az aspirációs citológiák
számát, ezzel támogatva a klinikai döntéshozatalt. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(14):
530–541.
Summary. The thyroid gland was one of the first organs, the
ultrasound (US) examination of which has played an important role. The thyroid
diseases affect a large part of the population, and with the development of
imaging technology, more and more thyroid abnormalities, nodules and malignant
lesions are being discovered. There are no specific signs of thyroid cancer, but
the suspicious signs could be determined by US. In recent years, several systems
have been developed. The aim of our review is to demonstrate the development of
US diagnostics of the thyroid gland; to compare the different reporting systems,
such as TIRADS, EU-TIRADS, K-TIRADS, which should help to identify the
questionable lesions in the daily routine work. We examine the relationship
between the different US systems and the Bethesda point score used by
pathologists. The literature review shows that the US examination supports the
clinical decisions, helps to select, who should have a fine-needle biopsy, and
allows to determine the frequency of follow-up. The number of unnecessary
fine-needle biopsies could be reduced, too. Our paper is part of a bigger
research, the ethical license number is 23/2020, University of Szeged. Orv
Hetil. 2021; 162(14): 530–541.
HOJA DE RUTA PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE RESULTADOS DE APRENDIZAJE PARA LA FORMACIÓN INVESTIGATIVA
Authors: Norman-Acevedo Eduardo , Daza-Orozco Carlos Eduardo , Caro-Gómez Claudia Lucía 
Published: April 2021

En el actual posicionamiento en contextos regionales e internacionales del Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Colombia – SNCTeI; El Estado ha buscado con ahínco el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas para la formación de nuevos contingentes de científicos, dicha exploración a simple vista desarticulada en el modelo espiral compuesto por el Estado–la escuela / universidad –la empresa y la sociedad cada vez más se arraiga al fomento de los preceptos clásicos de la investigación en donde sin importar la modalidad (presencial–virtual) el nivel (preescolar, básica, secundaria, pregrado, postgrado) o el área disciplinar, se espera la aprehensión de estructuras y métodos para el desarrollo de unidades de realidad o proyectos para solventar algún tipo de necesidad del entorno.
Esta gestión de capacidades inicia un largo trayecto por parte de los actores del SNCTeI para abarcar la mayor cantidad de elementos que garanticen la implementación de la triada de procesos inherentes a la investigación tales como: el empirismo, la sistematización y la argumentación; pero, que desafortunadamente en el afán de buscar indicadores burocráticos asociados al reporte de número de proyectos en formulación, en curso y finalizados; dejan a media marcha los aprendizajes de los directos involucrados en todo tipo de estructuras epistemológicas y ontológicas para la verdadera resolución de preguntas problemas y no solamente la promoción de documentos enunciativos.
Assessment of Risk Factors for the Development of Late Intraocular Lens Dislocation
Authors: Potemkin V. V. , Astakhov S. Yu. , Goltsman E. V. , Van Syao Yu. 
Published: April 2021

Dislocation of intraocular lens is a serious complication of phacoemulsification with implantation of intraocular lens. Among the causes of early dislocation of intraocular lens intraoperative complications predominate, as well as various form of their mixed fixation. In the late postoperative period, dislocation of the capsular bag-intraocular lens complex mainly occurs, the main reasons for which are the zonular weakness and the failure of the capsular bag support or its fibrosis.Purpose: to assess the influence of various factors on the development of late IOL dislocation (both in the capsular bag and without it) requiring surgical correction.Patientes and methods. The study included 78 patients (78 eyes) who were underwent surgical treatment of varying degree of IOL dislocation from October 2018 to April 2020. The control group consisted of 62 patients recruited for surgical treatment of cataract at the same period. The main factors for assessment were the following: axial myopia (≥26 mm), previous vitreoretinal surgery, recurrent uveitis, primary glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and the use of the capsular tension ring during phacoemulsification.Results. Among the factors studied, the following risk factors of late IOL dislocation were revealed: age, gender, the presence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome, axial myopia, primary glaucoma, implantation of the capsular tension ring. Conclusion. Phacoemulsification is the standard surgical treatment of cataract. However, in patients with potential risk factors of developing IOL dislocation, surgeons should consider the use of additional IOL fixation.
Combined Intrastromal Implantation of a Semipermeable Hydrogel Membrane in Case of Corneal Graft Failure and Multiple Keratoplasty (Clinical Observation)
Authors: Osipyan G. A. , Sheludchenko V. M. , Youssef N. Y. , Khraystin Kh. , Dzhalili R. A. , Krasnolutskaya E. I. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is an effective method for the surgical treatment of corneal failure and its layers and low visual acuity. It is well-known that the graft degrades over time, it is associated with “chronic immune destruction”. Rekeratoplasty is conducted in case of rapid decrease of transplant functions, but even with multiple rekeratoplasty iterations, the result can be unstable.Patient and methods. Patient D., 42 years old, complaints to low vision of left eye — arm movement 10 cm on face. Both eyes have been previously surgically operated for the last 10 years. Two iterations of an artificial iris transplantation in combination with IOL implantation, and Ahmed drainage implantation and five rekeratoplasty on the left eye were conducted. Corneal graft failure with transplant thickness — 802 μm. The patient suffers from Mediterranean fever and polyarthritis. We conducted a course of conservative therapy, which increased visual acuity to 0.05. Then we performed a surgical procedure for hybrid type of keratotransplantation. The following procedures were gradually conducted: mechanical removal of epithelium, femto-laser formation in a recipient’s replaceable corneal disk formation with 500 μm thick and a diameter of 7.0 mm, removal of disk, femto-laser formation of a central penetrating hole with a diameter of 3 mm opposite the artificial pupil, placing of the hydrogel graft 60 μm thick on the bottom of the bed. Hydrogel graft was covered by a donor corneal graft, which was fixed by interrupted sutures and soft contact lens.Results: Visual acuity of the left eye after 1 day after keratoplasty — 0.2; after 1 month — 0.3, the transplant was transparent; after 4 months — 0.4 with complex correction — 0.7, the transplant was transparent, the thickness of the donor disc — 275 μm.Conclusion. After multiple rekeratoplasty iterations the presented method of combined keratotransplantation allows to obtain a non-permanent effective result. At the same time, the polymer metabolism is preserved, since it has a circulation with the front camera. The case requires further observation.
Evolution of Needling: Preliminary Results of Microinvasive Antiglaucoma Reoperation
Authors: Alekseev I. B. , Aylarova A. K. , Arzhimatova G. Sh. , Dobroserdov A. V. , Samoylenko A. I. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: to assess the efficacy and safety of needling performed by the new scleroconjunctival dissector according to our specific technique.Patients and methods. The study included 60 patients diagnosed with operated subcompensated or decompensated glaucoma. Thirty patients underwent microinvasive reoperation with the help of a sclero-conjunctival dissector. The control group consisted of 30 patients; they underwent repeated sinustrabeculectomy with iridectomy. A standard ophthalmological examination and ultrasound biomicroscopy were performed before the operation and in dynamics (after 1, 3, 6, 9 months).Results: 76.7 % of the experimental group had IOP less than or equal to 15 mm Hg six months after microinvasive reoperation. In the control group, the same mark was 70 %. Hyphema occurred in 23.3 % of the main group, it was stopped by conservative treatment. 10 % of patient developed choroid detachment, it did not require surgical treatment. Hyphema was formed in 36.7 % in the control group and choroid detachment — in 53.3 % of patients. The complications were more manifested and required surgical treatment in the control group. According to the data of ultrasound biomicroscopy, the acoustic density in the control group steadily increased, while the height of the filtration bleb first increased and then decreased. This may indicate significant tissue induration, probably as a result of fibrosis after an operating injury. The intrascleral «lake» height does not differ between the groups when comparing dynamic observations, and the volume of the intrascleral cavity is significantly greater in the main group than in the control group (p < 0.0001) at admission and during dynamic observation. The text of the article describes a clinical case of a patient who underwent microinvasive reoperation.Conclusion. When there are indications for re-surgery, an adequate and thorough diagnosis of the preservation of the surgically created outflow tract, namely gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy, is important. In patients with intact internal fistula and without pronounced fibrosis of the intrascleral drainage pathways, it is possible to carry out microinvasive reoperation according to our technique using a scleroconjunctival dissector, this allows to reduce the risk of postoperative complications and achieve hypotensive efficacy comparable to repeated filtering surgery.
Visual Outcomes of the FemtoLASIK Technology Using Excimer Lasers with Frequency More 1000 Hz in Low to Moderate Myopia Correction
Authors: Doga A. V. , Mushkova I. A. , Karimova A. N. , Kechin E. V. , Kopylov A. E. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: to evaluate the clinical and functional results of the operation the FemtoLASIK by excimer lasers with frequency more 1000 Hz in patients with low to moderate myopia.Patients and methods. The 84 eyes of 84 patients with low to moderate myopia who had undergone FemtoLASIK procedure using with excimer lasers: Schwind Amaris 1050 Hz (Germany) and Microscan Visum 1100 Hz (Russia) were included in the study. The “Schwind Amaris 1050 Hz” and “Microscan Visum 1100 Hz” groups were comparable in terms of pre-operative data (age, sex, corneal curvature, central thickness of the cornea, sphere, cylinder, SE) (p > 0.05). All patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination before refractive laser surgery, and also patients were examined on the 1st day and 1 month after FemtoLASIK.Results. One month postoperatively, in the “Schwind Amaris 1050 Hz” group the UDVA 1.0 or better (20/20 or better by Snellen) was achieved in 100 %, in the “Microscan Visum 1100 Hz” group — in 100 % (p > 0.05). There wasn’t observed a loss of the CDVA lines in both groups. In the “Schwind Amaris 1050 Hz” group gain of one or more lines of the CDVA was 14 %, in the “Microscan Visum 1100 Hz” group — in 12.2 % (p > 0.05). In the “Schwind Amaris 1050 Hz” group the predictability of targeted refraction within ±0.5 D was in 90.7, within ± 1.0 D — in 100 %, in the “Microscan Visum 1100 Hz” group — in 90.2 % and 100 %, respectively (p > 0.05).Conclusions. The FemtoLASIK procedure using with different high-frequency excimer lasers is an effective, safe and predictable method for correcting low to moderate myopia.
The Results of Transscleral Diode Laser Cyclophotocoagulation in Micropulse Mode Treatment in Patients with Primary Subcompensated Open-Angle Glaucoma and Toxic-Allergic Syndrome of the Ocular Surface
Authors: Shvailikova I. E. , Belikova E. I. , Korneeva A. V. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: to analysis the results of microimpulse transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (DCPC) technique as a method of choice in patients with open-angle subcompensated glaucoma (OAG) with toxic allergic syndrome of the ocular surface (TASOS).Methods. The retrospective analysis of patients’ case reports with subcompensated open-angle glaucoma and TASOS was performed. Transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (DCPC) in a microimpulse mode was used in their treatment. A total of 19 patients’ case reports were analyzed.Results. In the postoperative period, its course, patient’s complaints, ophthalmological status, visual acuity indicators were determined. The level of intraocular pressure was measured. Almost all patients (84.2 %) reached the target level of IOP. The frequency of side effects was low. In 36.84 % of patients, symptoms of TASOS decreased in response to hypotensive treatment due to reduction of instillation frequency.Conclusion. The use of micro-pulse cyclophotocoagulation in patients with subcompensation form of OAG and toxic-allergic ocular surface syndrome (TASOS) reduces the intensity of the drop regime of antihypertensive drugs. As a result, the manifestations of TASOS are reduced, which increases the patients’ quality of life in the postoperative period. In addition, the use of DCPC in microimpulse mode leads to stabilization of functional and structural indicators, helps to prevent a decrease in visual functions. Thus, the described method is characterized by safety, high efficiency and a wide range of indications for its performance. It allows to compensate the IOP with a minimum percentage of complications and stable postoperative results.