bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of hypoglycaemia on the quality of life of family members of adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Jensen Mette Valdersdorf , Broadley Melanie , Speight Jane , Scope Alison , Preston Louise , Heller Simon , de Galan Bastiaan E. , Pouwer Frans , Hendrieckx Christel ,   the Hypo‐RESOLVE Consortium
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo summarize and critically appraise the recent qualitative evidence regarding the impact of hypoglycaemia on the quality of life of family members of adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.MethodsFour databases were searched systematically (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library), and results were screened for eligibility. Article quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Data were extracted, coded and analysed using thematic analysis. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) and Enhancing transparency in reporting of qualitative research (ENTREQ) guidelines.ResultsEight qualitative studies were included in the final review. The majority of participants were partners or spouses of adults with type 1 diabetes. Thematic synthesis resulted in six analytical themes: ‘Hypoglycaemia alters everyday life, reducing freedoms and increasing disruptions’, ‘Hypoglycaemia has an adverse impact on sleep’, ‘Hypoglycaemia negatively changes the relationship with the person with diabetes’, ‘Hypoglycaemia negatively impacts emotional well‐being’, ‘The detection, prevention, and treatment of hypoglycaemia consumes time and energy’ and ‘Family members have unmet needs for informational and emotional support regarding hypoglycaemia’. Across the six analytical themes, family members described how hypoglycaemia has a severe negative impact on different aspects of their lives, including daily living, personal relationships and emotional well‐being.ConclusionsFamily members experience the impact of hypoglycaemia as a major recurrent challenge in their lives. The unmet needs of family members need further attention in research and clinical practice.
Diets of erythritol, xylitol, and sucrose affect the digestive activity and gut bacterial community in adult house flies
Authors: Burgess Edwin R. , Taylor E. E. , Acevedo Anthony , Tworek Michaela , Nayduch Dana , Khurana Neetika , Miller Jon S. , Geden Christopher J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolyol sweeteners, including erythritol and xylitol, have been investigated for their potential in insect control against a number of pests including mosquitoes, fruit flies, ants, and filth flies. Several insecticidal modes of action for the polyols have been proposed in non‐biting flies and include: (1) dehydration from excessive regurgitation, (2) arrestment of physiological processes due to abnormally high hemolymph osmolality or osmotic diarrhea, and (3) alteration of the gut microbiome. Here, we explored the proposed modes of action in the house fly,Musca domesticaL. (Diptera: Muscidae), a non‐biting fly of medical and veterinary importance. House flies fed erythritol or xylitol regurgitated at a significantly higher rate when compared to flies that ingested sucrose. Flies that ingested sucrose solutions had higher hemolymph osmolality than erythritol but not xylitol, and deposited significantly more fecal spots than flies fed polyol solutions. Cultivable bacteria were least abundant in flies fed solutions of either sucrose or xylitol and most abundant in control flies provided water only. Of the potential modes of action tested, physiological stress from excessive post‐feeding regurgitation seems the likeliest cause of death related to polyol consumption. However, we cannot rule out a classical toxicological or biochemical mode of action from these results. Although the efficacy of polyols as active ingredients is still under debate, their use as other components in fly control products may be beneficial. Due to widespread resistance to a limited number of insecticidal chemicals registered for house fly control, it is important that new control chemicals be thoroughly assessed for usefulness.
Increased attentional network activity in premature ejaculation patients with anxiety revealed by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Liu Shaowei , Zhang Xing , Wang Qing , Xu Yan , Huang Xinfei , Liu Tao , Yang Zhaoxu , Xiang Ziliang , Lu Chao , Chen Yun , Chen Jianhuai , Yang Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPsychological account hypothesizes that premature ejaculation (PE) is a learned pattern of rapid ejaculation maintained by anxiety about sexual failure, whereas neuropsychological accounts hypothesizes that PE is the result of dysfunction of central nervous system regulating ejaculatory. However, the central neural mechanism underlying PE patients with anxiety remains unclear. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected in 20 PE (diagnoses based on PE Guidelines drafted by the International Society for Sexual Medicine [ISSM]) patients with anxiety and 25 matched healthy controls (HCs) from January 2019 to December 2020. The values of fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF) were compared between groups. Moreover, the correlations between fALFF and the severity of PE and anxiety of patients were examined. PE patients with anxiety had increased fALFF values in the right inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part) and middle frontal gyrus. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between the scores of PE diagnostic tool (PEDT) and fALFF values of the right inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part), as well as the right middle frontal gyrus. Moreover, fALFF values of the right inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part) and middle frontal gyrus were positively correlated with the scores of self‐rating anxiety scale (SAS). Our results suggested that increased attentional network activity might play a critical role in the neural basis of PE patients with anxiety.
Survival, causes of death and recurrence up to 3 years after stroke: A population‐based study
Authors: Aked Joseph , Delavaran Hossein , Lindgren Arne G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeUp‐to‐date population‐based information about long‐term survival, causes of death and recurrence after stroke is needed.MethodsFour hundred consecutive individuals in a population‐based cohort of first‐ever stroke between 2015 and 2016 in Lund, Sweden, were followed up to 3 years regarding (i) survival (Swedish Population Register); (ii) causes of death (Swedish Causes of Death Register); and (iii) stroke recurrence (interview and medical chart review). Index and recurrent ischaemic stroke cases were classified using the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) and Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project; and comorbidities were classified using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Cox regression was used to determine predictors for 3‐year mortality. Survival rates were compared with three local studies over a 30‐year timespan.ResultsAmongst 400 first‐ever stroke patients, 265 (66%) survived 3 years post‐stroke. Age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.11), stroke severity (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.08–1.13) and comorbidities (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.22–1.53) were independently related to 3‐year mortality. Amongst index ischaemic stroke patients, survival was lowest amongst those with cardio‐aortic embolism (51/91; 56%). Cerebrovascular disease (54/135; 40%) and ischaemic heart disease (25/135; 19%) were the most common causes of death. Within 3 years, 30 (8%) had recurrent stroke. Amongst patients with index ischaemic stroke, 16/29 (55%) had a different TOAST pathogenetic mechanism or hemorrhagic stroke upon recurrence. Stroke survival improved between 1983–1985 and 2015–2016 (p = 0.002), but no significant change was observed between 2001–2002 and 2015–2016 (p = 0.48).ConclusionsStroke survival rates are relatively high, but their improvement over recent decades may be slowing down, possibly due to the composition of the first‐ever stroke population. The common occurrence of changed pathogenetic mechanisms between first‐ever and recurrent stroke highlights the value of reassessment in recurrent stroke.
Early life socioeconomic status predicts cognition regardless of education level
Authors: Bertola Laiss , Benseñor Isabela M. , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Giatti Luana , Moreno Arlinda B. , Viana Maria Carmen , Lotufo Paulo A. , Suemoto Claudia K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeEarly life socioeconomic status (SES) may impact cognitive performance later in life. We investigated the effect on cognitive performance of early life SES, education, and late life SES in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.MethodsPath analysis was used to decompose associations between SES measures across the lifespan and cognition. The model included direct paths to cognition from early life SES, education, and late life SES, and indirect paths from early life passing through education and late life SES. We investigated whether the effects of early life SES are similar across middle‐aged and older adults.ResultsIn 13,395 adults, the mean age was 51.5 (8.9) years, 54% were female, 53% were white, and 56% had at least college education. The direct path from early life SES remained significant in the presence of mediation paths through education, late life SES, or both, contributing to cognitive performance in both middle‐aged and older adults. The indirect and total effect of early life SES was smaller for middle‐aged compared to older adults. Early life SES continues to impact cognitive performance later in life independently of educational attainment and late life SES. The higher percent of mediation through education suggests that education may improve later life cognition even in the presence of low early life SES.ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of public health initiatives to improve early life SES and education to foster cognitive aging in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Etiology‐specific response to antiseizure medication in focal epilepsy
Authors: Doerrfuss Jakob I. , Kowski Alexander B. , Holtkamp Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn focal epilepsy, data on the etiology‐specific response to antiseizure medication (ASM) are surprisingly sparse. In this study, we sought to reappraise whether seizure outcome of pharmacological treatment is linked to the underlying etiology. Furthermore, we assessed ASM load with respect to the cause of epilepsy.MethodsData were retrospectively obtained from the electronic database of the three sites of an academic adult epilepsy outpatient clinic. For each patient, presumed cause of epilepsy was categorized into one of nine etiological groups. Individual drug loads were calculated according to the 2020 World Health Organization Center for Drug Statistics Methodology ATC/DDD Index. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the association between different etiologies and outcome regarding 12‐month seizure freedom as well as ASM load.ResultsA total of 591 patients with focal epilepsy were included in the final analysis. Ischemic stroke was the etiology with the highest rate of 12‐month terminal seizure freedom (71.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 57.9–82.2) and, considering all etiological groups, was an independent predictor of seizure freedom (odds ratio = 2.093, 95% CI = 1.039–4.216). The lowest rates of seizure freedom were observed in patients with hippocampal sclerosis (28.2%, 95% CI = 15.0–44.9) and malformation of cortical development (16.7%, 95% CI = 2.1–48.4). In patients with ischemic stroke, median ASM load (1.0, interquartile range [IQR] = .5–1.8) was significantly lower compared to that in patients with hippocampal sclerosis (median = 1.8, IQR = 1.2–3.0, p = .008) and brain tumors (median = 1.7, IQR = .7–3.2, p = .049).SignificanceResponse to treatment with ASM is highly etiology‐specific and best in patients with epilepsy due to ischemic stroke. Interestingly, this most favorable treatment outcome can be achieved by the lowest ASM load considering all etiological groups. In focal epilepsy, etiology should be taken into account when counseling patients about their expected seizure outcome with pharmacological treatment and when tailoring initial ASM doses.
Comparative assessment of food web structure and fisheries productivity of three reservoirs in Ghana
Authors: Abobi Seth Mensah , Kluger Lotta Clara , Wolff Matthias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThree Ghanaian reservoirs (Tono, Bontanga and Golinga) were compared through a food web modelling approach (Ecopath with Ecosim) to assess production characteristics and food web structures. The lakes differ in size and morphology, generating specific conditions for fish growth and production. While the two top fishery target species were Sarotherodon galilaeus (L.) and Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in all reservoirs, the mean trophic level of the catch was lowest in the largest and deepest reservoir (Tono) due to higher trophic level species occupying less accessible deep “refuge” habitats. The smallest lake had the highest fish production under optimal conditions of water supply (17.1 compared with 15.5 and 10.1 t/km2/year for lakes Bontanga and Tono), but it appears to be most vulnerable under conditions of drought. For the planning and construction of adequately sized reservoirs used for fishery and irrigation purposes, the water budget (ratio of inflow and evaporation) needs to be estimated.
Tempo‐spatial variability of urban leisure functional zones: An analysis based on geo‐big data
Authors: Jing Ying , Shu Junjiao , Wang Rushan , Zhang Xiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNew insights into urban functional zones with a specific focus on leisure is of great significance for human‐oriented urban development. The spatiotemporal pattern of urban leisure functional zones (ULFZ) reflects to what extent human psychological needs are satisfied. This article aims to discern ULFZ and reveal their changing regularity based on the taxi trajectory data and points of interests (POIs) by the DBSCAN algorithm, latent dirichlet allocations (LDA) and spatial analytical techniques. Results are concluded as follows: 1) the spatial distribution of ULFZs are dynamic and imbalanced at various periods; 2) among urban leisure subfunctions, cultural function is severely weaker than entertaining, sportive, and tourist function; and 3) the changes in ULFZ are kind of consistent at multiple spatial scales. This research benefits the leisure‐oriented urban planning.
Cross‐national differences in consumer responses to savoury crackers containing blackcurrant pomace
Authors: Reißner Anne‐Marie , Struck Susanne , Alba Katerina , Proserpio Cristina , Foschino Roberto , Turner Charlotta , Hernando Isabel , Zahn Susann , Rohm Harald 
Published: July 2021

AbstractJuice‐pressing residues, among them blackcurrant pomace, are valuable materials for being upgraded in food products. Their excellent nutritional profiles in line with their functional properties allow a wide range of applications. The current study was performed to evaluate the overall liking of a pomace‐enriched thin crispy‐baked bread product in five European countries, and to obtain suggestions for improvements. Moreover, data on the frequency of snack consumption, openness to new foods and an opinion on residues in food applications were acquired. Four hundred and sixty‐six consumers from United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden, Italy and Germany were involved. On a 9‐point hedonic scale, the pomace cracker was rated towards the direction of liking with 5.94 ± 1.90 on average. Contingency tables showed that the overall‐liking correlated highly significant (p < 0.01) with the country of origin and sex of the respondents and their openness to new products. Significantly higher liking scores were provided by British and Spanish consumers and, among these respondents, savoury snacks were stated to be consumed most frequently. Therefore, the snack consumption frequency also appeared to be a driver for cross‐national differences in hedonic responses. The consent for using pomace in food products was remarkably high (>90%) in all countries and stresses consumer awareness in terms of healthy longevity and sustainability.
Predictors of community mental health nursing services use in Switzerland: Results from a representative national survey
Authors: Burr Christian , Richter Dirk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCommunity mental health services are the service of choice in the mental health field. In recent years, demand for these services has increased significantly. Nurses play a central role in community mental health services. Nevertheless, predictive factors of the use of such services are unclear, especially in Switzerland. This study aimed to examine relevant predictors of persons with mental health problems' use of community mental health nursing services in Switzerland. Swiss Health Survey 2017 data were used to compare those who use community mental health nursing services with those who do not. We found that age, number of doctor visits, problems with instrumental activities of daily life, use of informal help, use of emergency services, taking psychotropic medication, being female, and living without a partner were positive predictors, while experiencing severe physical symptoms was a negative predictor. Several of our findings confirm the similarity between the utilization of community mental health nursing services and the use of community mental health services in general. Our results suggest that community mental health nursing services deserve the same prominent place in the mental health system and its corresponding policies. This should be taken as an argument for policy development and better reimbursement. In research, health surveys should focus on nursing and need‐related questions. Additionally, it is necessary to develop community mental health nursing services from an add‐on service into independent nursing services and evaluate these services.
Exercise intensities modulate cognitive function in spontaneously hypertensive rats through oxidative mediated synaptic plasticity in hippocampus
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Che , Wu De‐Yu , Chen Syue‐yi , Lin Yi‐Pin , Lee Tsung‐Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOxidative damage in the brain may lead to cognitive impairments. There was considerable debate regarding the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive functions because exercise protocols have varied widely across studies. We investigated whether different exercise intensities alter performance on cognitive tasks. The experiment was performed on spontaneously hypertensive rats (6 months at the established phase of hypertension) distributed into 3 groups: sedentary, low‐intensity exercise and high‐intensity exercise. Systolic blood pressure measurements confirmed hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In comparison to normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto rats, sedentary spontaneously hypertensive rats had similar escape latencies and a similar preference for the correct quadrant in the probe trial. Compared to the sedentary group, the low‐intensity exercise group had significantly better improvements in spatial memory assessed by Morris water maze. Low‐intensity exercise was associated with attenuated reactive oxygen species, as measured by dihydroethidine fluorescence and nitrotyrosine staining in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. This was coupled with increased numbers of neurons and dendritic spines as well as a significant upregulation of synaptic density. In contrast, the beneficial effects of low‐intensity exercise are abolished in high‐intensity exercise as shown by increased free radical levels and an impairment in spatial memory. We concluded that exercise is an effective strategy to improve spatial memory in spontaneously hypertensive rats even at an established phase of hypertension. Low‐intensity exercise exhibited better improvement on cognitive deficits than high‐intensity exercise by attenuating free radical levels and improving downstream synaptic plasticity.
Pirfenidone modulates macrophage polarization and ameliorates radiation‐induced lung fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF‐β1/Smad3 pathway
Authors: Ying Hangjie , Fang Min , Hang Qing Qing , Chen Yamei , Qian Xu , Chen Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRadiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) mainly contributes to the complications of thoracic radiotherapy. RILI can be divided into radiation pneumonia (RP) and radiation‐induced lung fibrosis (RILF). Once RILF occurs, patients will eventually develop irreversible respiratory failure; thus, a new treatment strategy to prevent RILI is urgently needed. This study explored the therapeutic effect of pirfenidone (PFD), a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved drug for (IPF) treatment, and its mechanism in the treatment of RILF. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice received a 50 Gy dose of X‐ray radiation to the whole thorax with or without the administration of PFD. Collagen deposition and fibrosis in the lung were reversed by PFD treatment, which was associated with reduced M2 macrophage infiltration and inhibition of the transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)/Drosophila mothers against the decapentaplegic 3 (Smad3) signalling pathway. Moreover, PFD treatment decreased the radiation‐induced expression of TGF‐β1 and phosphorylation of Smad3 in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Furthermore, IL‐4–induced M2 macrophage polarization and IL‐13–induced M2 macrophage polarization were suppressed by PFD treatment in vitro, resulting in reductions in the release of arginase‐1 (ARG‐1), chitinase 3‐like 3 (YM‐1) and TGF‐β1. Notably, the PFD‐induced inhibitory effects on M2 macrophage polarization were associated with downregulation of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) p50 activity. Additionally, PFD could significantly inhibit ionizing radiation‐induced chemokine secretion in MLE‐12 cells and consequently impair the migration of RAW264.7 cells. PFD could also eliminate TGF‐β1 from M2 macrophages by attenuating the activation of TGF‐β1/Smad3. In conclusion, PFD is a potential therapeutic agent to ameliorate fibrosis in RILF by reducing M2 macrophage infiltration and inhibiting the activation of TGF‐β1/Smad3.