bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender blindness: On health and welfare technology, AI and gender equality in community care
Authors: Frennert Susanne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDigital health and welfare technologies and artificial intelligence are proposed to revolutionise healthcare systems around the world by enabling new models of care. Digital health and welfare technologies enable remote monitoring and treatments, and artificial intelligence is proposed as a means of prediction instead of reaction to individuals’ health and as an enabler of proactive care and rehabilitation. The digital transformation not only affects hospital and primary care but also how the community meets older people's needs. Community care is often provided by informal and formal care‐givers, most of whom are women. Gender equality is at the heart of many national strategies, but do all genders have equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities when it comes to community care and its digital transformation? The digital transformation of community care is entangled with how care is provided to older people and the working conditions of community‐care professionals. Current and, even more so, future community‐care systems are and will be partly constituted by networks of technological artefacts. These health and welfare technological artefacts and the discourse surrounding them mediate and constitute social relations and community care. This article looks into how health and welfare technology and artificial intelligence‐based devices and systems mediate and constitute gender relations in community care and presents an argument for reflexivity, embodiment, pluralism, participation and ecology as an alternative strategy to treating community care as one‐size‐fit‐all and being blind to gender‐related issues.
Acceleration of Trichinella spiralis worm expulsion by leukotriene B4 receptor binding inhibition
Authors: Kang Shin Ae , Yu Hak Sun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsHelminth infection typically induces a Th2 inflammatory response that is characterized by eosinophilia, high levels of IgE and mast cells. LTB4 is generated from innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages and mast cells, in response to a range of stimuli. It mainly acts on myeloid leukocytes, inducing the activation of integrins, adhesion to endothelium walls, and chemotaxis.Methods and resultsThe objective of the present study was to determine the role of the LTB4 receptor in Trichinella spiralis expulsion. We treated mice with the LTB4 receptor antagonist before infection with T. spiralis. We observed that the number of mast cells and worm infection decreased following treatment with the BLT antagonist during the intestinal phase. We also demonstrated that blocking the LTB4 receptor inhibited neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration.ConclusionsFurther studies are required to investigate the specific mechanism of mast cell number decrease and worm infection and the in vitro interactions between LTB4 and worm expulsion.
Nitrogen leaching from tile‐drained fields and lysimeters receiving contrasting rates and sources of nitrogen
Authors: Wallman Magdalena , Delin Sofia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLeaching of nitrogen from arable land can lead to pollution of groundwater and surface water. Various measures have been implemented in agriculture to reduce leaching, but there is still potential to do more. To find the best agricultural management regime to limit the problem, leaching from soils under different management must be measured. Different methods to estimate leaching are available, but they have not been thoroughly evaluated. This study compared (a) leaching of nitrogen from five different fertilizer treatments differing in amount and source (mineral and organic) of nitrogen and (b) two different methods for measuring leaching (tile‐drained field plots and lysimeters). Nitrogen leaching from five different fertilizer treatments was studied for three years in a tile‐drained field facility and for three of the treatments also for 16 months in a lysimeter facility. Leaching from organic and mineral nitrogen sources was similar in the three‐year field study. Mineral nitrogen input above the economic optimum tended to give greater leaching (by 24%–43%) than nitrogen input at the expected optimum. Measurements in lysimeters and tile‐drained field plots gave similar results, although leaching values tended to be slightly higher (by 18%–25%) in the tile‐drained field. Overall, both facilities give reliable estimates of nitrogen leaching and are suitable for leaching studies.
STZ‐diabetic rat heart maintains developed tension amplitude by increasing sarcomere length and crossbridge density
Authors: Isola Raffaella , Broccia Francesca , Casti Alberto , Loy Francesco , Isola Michela , Vargiu Romina 
Published: May 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
In the papillary muscle from type I diabetic rats, does diabetes‐associated altered ventricular function result from changes of acto‐myosin interactions and are these modifications attributable to a possible sarcomere rearrangement?
What is the main finding and its importance?
For the first time, we showed that type‐I diabetes altered sarcomeric ultrastructure, as seen by transmission electron microscopy, consistent with physiological parameters. The diabetic condition induced slower timing parameters, which is compatible with a diastolic dysfunction. At the sarcomeric level, augmented β‐myosin heavy chain content and increased sarcomere length and crossbridges' number preserve myocardial stroke and could concur to maintain the ejection fraction.
AbstractWe investigated whether diabetes‐associated altered ventricular function, in a type I diabetes animal model, results from a modification of acto‐myosin interactions, through the in vitro recording of left papillary muscle mechanical parameters and examination of sarcomere morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Experiments were performed on streptozotocin‐induced diabetic and age‐matched control female Wistar rats. Mechanical isometric and isotonic indexes and timing parameters were determined. Using Huxley's equations, we calculated mechanics, kinetics and energetics of myosin crossbridges. Sarcomere length and A‐band length were measured on TEM images. Type I and III collagen and β‐myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression were determined by immunoblotting. No variation in resting and developed tension or maximum extent of shortening was evident between groups, but diabetic rats showed lower maximum shortening velocity and prolonged timing parameters. Compared to controls, diabetics also displayed a higher number of crossbridges with lower unitary force. Moreover, no change in type I and III collagen was associated to diabetes, but pathological rats showed a two‐fold enhancement of β‐MHC content and longer sarcomeres and A‐band, detected by ultrastructural morphometry. Overall, these data address whether a preserved systolic function accompanied by an altered diastolic phase results from a recruitment of super‐relaxed myosin heads or the phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain site in myosin. Although the early signs of diabetic cardiomyopathy were well expressed, the striking finding of our study was that, in diabetics, sarcomere modification may be a possible compensatory mechanism that preserves systolic function.
Evolution of Gases From the Pyrolysis of Raw and Torrefied Biomass and From the Oxy-Combustion of Their Bio-Chars
Authors: Meng Xiaoxiao , Zhou Wei , Rokni Emad , Yang Xigang , Levendis Yiannis A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The current research assessed the evolution of gases from pyrolysis of biomass and from the subsequent combustion of bio-chars. Raw and torrefied biomass was pyrolyzed in nitrogen or carbon dioxide under high heating rates (104 K/s) and high temperatures (1450 K). Pyrolyzates gases were monitored for carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur oxides. Subsequently, generated bio-chars were burned in both conventional (air) and simulated oxy-combustion (O2/CO2) gases. In principle, the oxy-combustion of renewable biomass coupled with carbon capture and utilization/sequestration can help remove atmospheric CO2. Pyrolysis of biomass in CO2 generated lower char yields, lower SO2 and NO, and higher CO2, CO, and HCN mole fractions, compared with pyrolysis in N2. HCN was the most prominent among all measured nitrogen-bearing gases (HCN, NH3, and NO) from biomass pyrolysis. Compared with their combustion in air, bio-chars burned more effectively in 30%O2/79%CO2 and less effectively in 21%O2/79%CO2. Emissions of CO were the lowest in 21%O2/79%CO2. Emissions of HCN were the highest in air combustion and decreased with increasing O2 mole fraction in oxy-combustion; emissions of NO were highest in 30%O2/79%CO2, and emissions of NO were dominant during bio-char oxy-combustion compared with other N-compounds. In oxy-combustion, bio-chars released the lowest emissions of SO2. Finally, the emissions of CO, NO, HCN, and SO2 from the combustion of distiller’s dried grains with solubles bio-chars were higher than those from rice husk bio-chars because of different physicochemical properties.
Search for the singlet vector-like lepton at future $$e^+ e^-$$ colliders
Authors: Shang Liangliang , Wang Mengmeng , Heng Zhaoxia , Yang Bingfang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSearching for the new particles beyond the standard model (SM) is an important way to probe new physics beyond the SM. In one class of new particles there are nonchiral color singlet fermions that couple to the SM leptons, that is vector-like leptons (VLLs), which have been widely concerned in experiment and theory. The existing literature shows that the singlet VLLs suffer from a big difficult challenge for discovery at future proton-proton colliders. In this paper, we study the prospects of searching for the singlet VLLs in pure leptonic and fully hadronic channels at $$e^+ e^-$$

e
+

e
-

colliders. We find that there is an opportunity for excluding the region $$m_{\tau ^{\prime \pm }} \in $$

m

τ

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±

∈

[180 GeV, 240 GeV] with $${\mathcal {L}}$$
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∈
[$$3.0\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

3.0

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1

, $$14.9\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

14.9

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] ([$$0.1\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

0.1

fb

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1

, $$0.3\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

0.3

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1

]) at ILC of $$\sqrt{s} = 500\ \hbox { GeV}$$

s

=
500

GeV

, the region $$m_{\tau ^{\prime \pm }} \in $$

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±

∈

[240 GeV, 450 GeV] with $${\mathcal {L}} \in $$

L
∈

[$$9.9\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

9.9

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1

, $$23.1\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

23.1

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] ([$$0.2\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

0.2

fb

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1

, $$0.3\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

0.3

fb

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1

]) at ILC of $$\sqrt{s} = 1000\ \hbox { GeV}$$

s

=
1000

GeV

and the region $$m_{\tau ^{\prime \pm }} \in $$

m

τ

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±

∈

[450 GeV, 700 GeV] with $${\mathcal {L}} \in $$

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[$$52.1\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

52.1

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1

, $$197.9\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

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] ([$$2.21\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

2.21

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1

, $$4.5\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

4.5

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1

]) at CLIC of $$\sqrt{s} = 1500\ \hbox {GeV}$$

s

=
1500

GeV

in the pure leptonic (fully hadronic) channel. It is more optimistic for excluding and discovering the singlet VLL through the fully hadronic channel at future high energy $$e^+ e^-$$

e
+

e
-

colliders.
Visual Semantic-Based Representation Learning Using Deep CNNs for Scene Recognition
Authors: Gupta Shikha , Sharma Krishan , Dinesh Dileep Aroor , Thenkanidiyoor Veena 
Published: May 2021

In this work, we address the task of scene recognition from image data. A scene is a spatially correlated arrangement of various visual semantic contents also known as concepts, e.g., “chair,” “car,” “sky,” etc. Representation learning using visual semantic content can be regarded as one of the most trivial ideas as it mimics the human behavior of perceiving visual information. Semantic multinomial (SMN) representation is one such representation that captures semantic information using posterior probabilities of concepts. The core part of obtaining SMN representation is the building of concept models. Therefore, it is necessary to have ground-truth (true) concept labels for every concept present in an image. Moreover, manual labeling of concepts is practically not feasible due to the large number of images in the dataset. To address this issue, we propose an approach for generating pseudo-concepts in the absence of true concept labels. We utilize the pre-trained deep CNN-based architectures where activation maps (filter responses) from convolutional layers are considered as initial cues to the pseudo-concepts. The non-significant activation maps are removed using the proposed filter-specific threshold-based approach that leads to the removal of non-prominent concepts from data. Further, we propose a grouping mechanism to group the same pseudo-concepts using subspace modeling of filter responses to achieve a non-redundant representation. Experimental studies show that generated SMN representation using pseudo-concepts achieves comparable results for scene recognition tasks on standard datasets like MIT-67 and SUN-397 even in the absence of true concept labels.
(Mis)Identifying Teachers in Late Antique Gaul
Authors: John Alison 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mamertus Claudianus, a priest in Vienne in the mid-fifth century, has been identified by some scholars as a professional teacher of Latin rhetoric. This article contests this classification, arguing that Claudianus was an active member of learned Christian literary circles and leader of philosophical and theological ‘literary salons’. It demonstrates the importance of correctly identifying teachers in the prosopography and illustrates the potential of incorrect identifications to produce flawed and distorted historical reconstructions of the cultural transformations of the late antique west. A close reading of the sources for Claudianus, coupled with a firm understanding of the cultural and educational realities of late antique Gaul, sheds light on the evolution of an increasingly Christian intellectual culture among the Gallo-Roman litterati of the fifth century, and contributes to a better understanding of the transformation of educational practices in this period and after the ‘fall’ of Rome.
The Tyrant’s Progress: The Meaning of ΤΥΡΑΝΝΟΣ in Plato and Aristotle
Authors: Stewart Edmund 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article considers a longstanding problem: what does the word τύραννος mean? And if it means ‘bad / tyrannical ruler’, why are good rulers called tyrants? The solution proposed here is that tyranny is not a fixed state of being, or not being, but instead a gradual process of development. To be called a tyrant, a ruler need not embody all the stereotypical traits of tyranny. If tyranny is, by definition, unconstitutional and illegitimate rule, then there may be no clear moment at which one ceases to be a general or king and becomes a tyrant, only a process by which the tyrant gradually strengthens his rule and develops the negative attributes associated with absolute and illegitimate power. A strong trend in not only the political theory of Plato and Aristotle, but also Greek poetry and historiography in general, is to trace the decline of tyrannies from initially good and popular governments to ones that are despotic and unpopular: the tyrant’s progress.
Echocardiographic left ventricular geometry profiles for prediction of stroke, coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality in the Chinese community: a rural cohort population study
Authors: Li Tan , Li Guangxiao , Guo Xiaofan , Li Zhao , Sun Yingxian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The utility of echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) geometry in the prediction of stroke/coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality is not well characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the overall and sex-specific prognostic value of different geometric patterns on the incidence of stroke/CHD and all-cause mortality in a Chinese population-based cohort.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study in the general population in Northeast China, and a total of 9940 participants aged ≥ 35 years underwent echocardiography for LV geometry and were successfully followed up for incident stroke/CHD and all-cause death. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate the association of baseline LV geometry with adverse outcomes.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 4.66 years, abnormal LV geometric patterns had increased crude incident rates of stroke/CHD and all-cause mortality compared with normal geometry in overall population and each sex group (all P < 0.05). Multivariable Cox analysis reported that LV concentric and eccentric hypertrophy were associated with incident stroke/CHD (concentric hypertrophy: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.86; eccentric hypertrophy: HR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.11–1.82) and all-cause mortality (concentric hypertrophy: HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.07–2.12; eccentric hypertrophy: HR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.19–2.10), and LV concentric remodeling was related to stroke/CHD incidence (HR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.09–1.84) in total population compared to normal geometry after the adjustment for potential confounders. In men, a significant increase was observed from LV eccentric hypertrophy for incident stroke/CHD, whereas in women, LV concentric hypertrophy was associated with elevated incidence of both stroke/CHD and all-cause death, and eccentric hypertrophy was correlated with increased all-cause mortality (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our prospective cohort supports that abnormal LV geometry by echocardiography has a prognostic significance for incident stroke/CHD and all-cause mortality, implying that early detection and intervention of LV structural remodeling in rural China are urgently needed to prevent adverse outcomes.
Naturalistic exploratory study of the associations of substance use on ADHD outcomes and function
Authors: MacDonald Benjamin , Sadek Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Although Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk of substance use disorder (SUD), existing literature on how SUD interacts with ADHD outcomes is limited. This study investigates whether SUD among individuals with ADHD is associated with worse ADHD outcomes and prognosis, and the association between overall functioning and SUD. In addition, we seek to understand whether heavy cannabis use is a better predictor of poorer outcomes compared to SUD status alone.

Method
We conducted a retrospective analysis on 50 ADHD patient charts, which were allocated based on SUD status. Subgroup analysis was performed on the total sample population, with allocation based on heavy cannabis use. Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests were used for both the primary and subgroup analyses.

Results
SUD status highly correlated with more ADHD-related cognitive impairments and poorer functional outcomes at the time of diagnosis. ADHD patients with comorbid ADHD-SUD scored significantly lower (p = < 0.0001) on objective cognitive testing (Integrated Auditory and Visual Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT)) than ADHD patients without SUD. The correlation with poorer ADHD outcomes was more pronounced when groups were allocated based on heavy cannabis use status; in addition to significantly lower IVA/CPT scores (p = 0.0011), heavy cannabis use was associated with more severe fine motor hyperactivity and self-reported hyperactivity/impulsivity scores (p = 0.0088 and 0.0172, respectively).

Conclusion
Future research is needed to determine how substance abuse can be a barrier to improved ADHD outcomes, and the effect cannabis and other substances have on cognitive function and pharmacotherapy of ADHD.
Secondary malaria vectors in western Kenya include novel species with unexpectedly high densities and parasite infection rates
Authors: Mustapha Amine M. , Musembi Susan , Nyamache Anthony K. , Machani Maxwell G. , Kosgei Jackline , Wamuyu Lucy , Ochomo Eric , Lobo Neil F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalaria vector control has been implemented chiefly through indoor interventions targeting primary vectors resulting in population declines—pointing to a possible greater proportional contribution to transmission by secondary malaria vectors with their predominant exophagic and exophilic traits. With a historical focus on primary vectors, there is paucity of data on secondary malaria vectors in many countries in Africa. This study sought to determine the species compositions and bionomic traits, including proportions infected withPlasmodium falciparumand phenotypic insecticide resistance, of secondary vectors in three sites with high malaria transmission in Kisumu County, western Kenya.MethodsCross-sectional sampling of adultAnopheleswas conducted using indoor and outdoor CDC light traps (CDC-LT) and animal-baited traps (ABTs) in Kakola-Ombaka and Kisian, while larvae were sampled in Ahero. Secondary vectors captured were exposed to permethrin using WHO bioassays and then analyzed by ELISA to test for proportions infected withP. falciparumsporozoites. AllAnopheleswere identified to species using morphological keys with a subset being molecularly identified using ITS2 andCO1sequencing for species identification.ResultsTwo morphologically identified secondary vectors captured—An. coustaniandAn. pharoensis—were determined to consist of four species molecularly. These includedAn. christyi,An. sp. 15 BSL-2014,an unidentified member of theAn. coustanicomplex (An. cf. coustani) and a species similar to that ofAn. pharoensisandAn. squamosus(An. cf. pharoensis). Standardized (Anophelesper trap per night) capture rates demonstrate higher proportions of secondary vectors across most trapping methods—with overall indoor and outdoor CDC-LTs and ABT captures composed of 52.2% (n = 93), 78.9% (n = 221) and 58.1% (n = 573) secondary vectors respectively. Secondary vectors were primarily caught outdoors. The overall proportion of secondary vectors withP. falciparumsporozoite was 0.63% (n = 5), with the unidentified speciesAn. cf. pharoensis,determined to carryPlasmodium. Overall secondary vectors were susceptible to permethrin with a > 99% mortality rate.ConclusionsGiven their high densities, endophily equivalent to primary vectors, higher exophily andPlasmodium-positive proportions, secondary vectors may contribute substantially to malaria transmission. Unidentified species demonstrate the need for further morphological and molecular identification studies towards further characterization. Continued monitoring is essential for understanding their temporal contributions to transmission, the possible elevation of some to primary vectors and the development of insecticide resistance.Graphical Abstract