bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell death of hippocampal CA1 astrocytes during early epileptogenesis
Authors: Wu Zhou , Deshpande Tushar , Henning Lukas , Bedner Peter , Seifert Gerald , Steinhäuser Christian 
Published: May 2021

SummaryObjectiveGrowing evidence suggests that dysfunctional astrocytes are crucial players in the development of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Using a mouse model closely recapitulating key alterations of chronic human MTLE with hippocampal sclerosis, here we asked whether death of astrocytes contributes to the initiation of the disease and investigated potential underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsAntibody staining was combined with confocal imaging and semiquantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis to identify markers of different cellular death mechanisms between 4 h and 3 days after epilepsy induction.ResultsFour hours after kainate‐mediated induction of status epilepticus (SE), we found a significant reduction in the density of astrocytes in the CA1 stratum radiatum (SR) of the ipsilateral hippocampus. This reduction was transient, as within the next 3 days, astrocyte cell numbers recovered to the initial values, which was accompanied by enhanced proliferation. Four hours after SE induction, a small proportion of astrocytes in the ipsilateral CA1 SR expressed autophagy‐related genes and proteins, whereas we did not find astrocytes positive for cleaved caspase 3 or terminal deoxynucleotide transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick‐end labeling, ruling out apoptosis‐related astrocytic death. Importantly, at the same early time point post‐SE, many astrocytes in the ipsilateral CA1 SR showed strong expression of genes encoding pro‐necroptosis factors, including receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (MLKL). Phosphorylation of MLKL (pMLKL), formation of necrosome complexes composed of RIPK3 and pMLKL, and translocation of pMLKL to the nucleus and to the plasma membrane were often observed in astrocytes of the ipsilateral hippocampus 4 h post‐SE.SignificanceThe present study revealed that astrocytes die shortly after induction of SE. Our expression data and immunohistochemistry suggest that necroptosis and autophagy contribute to astrocytic death. These findings help to better understand how dysfunctional and pathological remodeling of astrocytes contributes to the initiation of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Horn growth appears to decline under intense trophy hunting, but biases in hunt data challenge the interpretation of the evolutionary basis of trends
Authors: Morrissey Michael B. , Hubbs Anne , Festa‐Bianchet Marco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA recent article in Evolutionary Applications by LaSharr et al. reports on trends in the size of horns of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) throughout much of the species’ range. The article concludes that there are “... stable or increasing trends in horn growth over nearly 3 decades in the majority of hunt areas throughout the western U.S. and Canada.” However, the article equates nonsignificance of predominantly negative trends in the areas with the most selective harvest as evidence for the null hypothesis of no trends and also fails to consider well‐known and serious biases in the use of data collected in size‐regulated hunts. By applying meta‐analysis to the estimates reported by LaSharr et al., we show that there has been a pervasive overall trend of declining horn sizes in Alberta, where the combination of horn size‐based legality, combined with unrestricted hunter numbers are understood to generate the greatest selective pressures. Given the nature of the biases in the underlying data, the magnitudes of the trends resulting from our re‐analysis of LaSharr et al.'s (Evolutionary Applications, 2019, 12, 1823) trend estimates are probably underestimated.
Heterogeneous computing model for post‐injury walking pattern restoration and postural stability rehabilitation exercise recognition
Authors: Bijalwan Vishwanath , Semwal Vijay Bhaskar , Singh Ghanapriya , Crespo Ruben Gonzalez 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe research paper presents the heterogeneous computing model for analysis & restoration of human walking deformity and posture instability. Gait‐related walking activities are very important for the analysis of postural instability, repairment of gait abnormality, diagnosis of cognitive declination, enhance the cognitive ability of human‐centered humanoid robot system, and many clinical diagnoses, for example, Parkinson, pathological gait, freezing of gait, etc. at an early stage. For experiment analysis, 10 different lower limb activities are being considered of healthy and crouch walking subjects. A total of 25 healthy and 10 crouch walk subjects are considered for experiment purposes of different age groups, sex, and mental status. To achieve this objective the pattern of 10 different rehabilitation activities are captured using RGB‐Depth (RGB‐D) camera and classified using heterogeneous deep learning models. Different deep learning models Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and CNN‐LSTM (CNN‐Long Short Term Memory) are used for the classification of these rehabilitation exercises. The RGB‐D data is obtained using a Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor on a 100 Hz sampling frequency. Experimental results have shown significant activity recognition accuracy with 96% and 98% for CNN and CNN‐LSTM models respectively.
Important questions to progress science and sustainable management of anguillid eels
Authors: Righton David , Piper Adam , Aarestrup Kim , Amilhat Elsa , Belpaire Claude , Casselman John , Castonguay Martin , Díaz Estibaliz , Dörner Hendrik , Faliex Elisabeth , Feunteun Eric , Fukuda Nobuto , Hanel Reinhold , Hanzen Celine , Jellyman Don , Kaifu Kenzo , McCarthy Kieran , Miller Michael J. , Pratt Thomas , Sasal Pierre , Schabetsberger Robert , Shiraishi Hiromi , Simon Gaël , Sjöberg Niklas , Steele Kristen , Tsukamoto Katsumi , Walker Alan , Westerberg Håkan , Yokouchi Kazuki , Gollock Matthew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnguillid eels are found globally in fresh, transitional and saline waters and have played an important role in human life for centuries. The population status of several species is now of significant concern. The threats to populations include direct exploitation at different life stages, blockages to migratory routes by dams and other structures, changes in river basin management that impact habitat carrying capacity and suitability, pollution, climate change, diseases and parasites. While much has been done to understand eel biology and ecology, a major challenge is to identify the key research and management questions so that effective and targeted studies can be designed to inform conservation, management and policy. We gathered 30 experts in the field of eel biology and management to review the current state of knowledge for anguillid eel species and to identify the main topics for research. The identified research topics fell into three themes: (a) Lifecycle and Biology; (b) Impacts and (c) Management. Although tropical anguillid eels are by far the least well understood, significant knowledge gaps exist for all species. Considerable progress has been made in the last 20 years, but the status of many species remains of great concern, particularly for northern temperate species. Without improved engagement and coordination at the regional, national and international level, the situation is unlikely to improve. Further, adaptive management mechanisms to respond to developments in science, policy and our knowledge of potential threats are required to ensure the future of these important and enigmatic species.
Unimplementable by design? Understanding (non‐)compliance with International Monetary Fund policy conditionality
Authors: Reinsberg Bernhard , Stubbs Thomas , Kentikelenis Alexander 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhy do governments fail to implement policy commitments in contractual agreements with international organizations? While scholars have scrutinized domestic factors as obstacles to compliance, we argue that reform programs may beunimplementable by design. We study this hypothesis in the context of International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs, in which borrowing countries must commit to far‐reaching economic policy reforms for access to credit. We collect detailed compliance data on individual policy conditions to assess the determinants of compliance failures of IMF programs from 1980 to 2009. Controlling for a host of borrower‐specific variables, features of the loan, unexpected shocks during implementation, donor influence, and bureaucratic interest, we find that the number of conditions is a robust predictor of implementation failure. Our theoretical explanation for these findings is that over‐ambitious program designs are the result of intra‐organizational bargaining within the IMF bureaucracy. While an area department within the IMF drafts the initial reform program, functional departments use their amendment power to include policy conditions that they care about, without due consideration of local circumstances, which leads to over‐ambitious programs. These findings have important implications for theories of compliance as well as for policymaking in international organizations.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the skin: implications for the dermatologist
Authors: Fried Lauren J. , Criscito Maressa C. , Stevenson Mary L. , Pomeranz Miriam K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractB‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in the United States, and its diagnosis can have many dermatologic implications. For one, the cutaneous manifestations of CLL include several entities, most notably leukemia cutis, eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy, and a heightened risk of skin infections. Additionally, CLL patients are at an increased risk of secondary malignancies, most commonly of the skin. Furthermore, a number of commonly utilized treatments for CLL have cutaneous implications which should be considered in the interdisciplinary management of CLL patients. In this review, we will provide an update on the diverse cutaneous manifestations of CLL and CLL‐directed therapies in order to help guide dermatologic management of this increasingly prevalent patient population.
Comparative evaluation of the effect of microfluidisation on physicochemical properties and usability as food thickener and Pickering emulsifier of autoclaved and TEMPO‐oxidised nanofibrillated cellulose
Authors: Sungsinchai Sirada , Niamnuy Chalida , Seubsai Anusorn , Prapainainar Paweena , Wattanapan Pattra , Thakhiew Wasina , Raghavan Vijaya , Devahastin Sakamon 
Published: May 2021

SummaryAlthough chemical‐free production processes of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) have been investigated, comparative studies on the effect of chemical and chemical‐free processes to produce NFCs are limited. Combined effect of either of these production routes and defibrillation condition has also never been studied. Here, thermally treated NFCs were produced through microfluidisation for 6–12 passes (ANFC6‐ANFC12), while TEMPO‐oxidised NFC (TONFC) was prepared at six passes. Proportion of nanocellulose, viscosity, Gʹ and Gʺ values increased with increased microfluidisation pass in the cases of ANFCs. ANFC12 exhibited gel‐like behaviour with strongest three‐dimensional network structure and required lowest concentration to enhance thin liquid foods into honey‐like consistency. TONFC needed to be added by as much as 8.5, 1.3 and 2.3 times the amount of ANFC12 to achieve the same consistency in thickened water, milk and soup, respectively. ANFC12 can also be well used as Pickering emulsifier due to its higher viscosity and gel‐like property.
The role of nutraceutical fruit drink on neurodegenerative diseases: a review
Authors: Olaniran Abiola Folakemi , Taiwo Abiola Ezekiel , Bamidele Oluwaseun Peter , Iranloye Yetunde Mary , Malomo Adekunbi Adetola , Olaniran Olubukola David 
Published: May 2021

SummaryA changing lifestyle in food consumption due to the frequent taking of junk drinks based on the fast‐food and ready‐to‐eat concept has brought about overloaded oxidative stress, thus weakening the body's defence mechanism to scavenge free oxygen radicals by destroying antioxidants. Oxidative stress occurs as a result of an imbalance between pro and antioxidant levels in favour of pro‐oxidants resulting in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Though researches on the probable cure for neurodegenerative diseases are ongoing, fruits have been found to play an important dietetic role in preventing neurodegenerative diseases and other physiological disorders. Most fruits have their own valuable, unique active ingredients, having tremendous nutraceutical potentials and therapeutic implications. Therefore, people are required to make rational choices on the correct type of food for consumption to engender proper growth and development. The role of fruits or fruit juice in ameliorating neurodegenerative diseases has created a reawakening in nutrition and human health research.
The protein properties of germinated naked barley with infrared and hot air‐drying and its noodle‐making potential
Authors: Su Chunyan , Ge Xiangzhen , Zhang Bo , Liu Yu , Zhang Qian , Feng Duo , Zhao Jiangyan , Li Wenhao , Yan Wenjie 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe naked barley was germinated and then carried out with hot air‐ or infrared drying to explore the physicochemical and functional properties of protein isolated from barley. Moreover, the relationship between protein and the noodles made from wheat and germinated barley flour was evaluated. It was found that germination affected the protein properties, and the protein properties were correlated with the properties of noodles. The content of β‐sheet in protein was first increased and then decreased with germination time increased, and the protein had larger emulsification and foaming properties. Besides, the protein isolated from hot air‐dried germinated barley had higher gelatinisation enthalpy and secondary structure content. Furthermore, the wheat and germinated barley mixed noodles had increased elasticity and cohesiveness and reduced viscosity and water absorption. The hardness of noodles showed was positively correlated with water absorption capacity, and the extensibility of cooked noodles was positively correlated with the foaming capacity of proteins.
Variation of mineral contents with nutritional interest in a collection of Solanum tuberosum group Phureja tubers
Authors: Peña Clara , Palomeque Liliam , Restrepo‐Sánchez Luz‐Patricia , Kushalappa Ajjamada , Mosquera Teresa , Narváez‐Cuenca Carlos‐Eduardo 
Published: May 2021

SummaryColombia has a biodiversity centre of diploid potatoes located at south of the country. This study evaluated the amounts of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in a biodiversity panel of potato tubers, constituting native cultivars, accessions of the Working Collection of Potato Breeding Program at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (CCC) and commercial cultivars. The highest quantity of minerals found were as follows: 34 333 ± 4509 mg K kg−1 potato dry weight (DW; CCC112), 1965 ± 898 mg Ca kg−1 potato DW (CCC23), 87.5 ± 8.8 mg Fe kg−1 potato DW (CCC116) and 60.7 ± 5.1 mg Zn kg−1 potato DW (CCC31). As compared to those in commercial cultivars, the currently evaluated tubers had an increase of 1.4, 12.5, 3.5 and 3.6‐fold in K, Ca, Fe and Zn. These genotypes can be used in the future breeding programmes to enhance specific mineral contents in tubers.
Improved stability and transshipment of enzymatic hydrolysate with ACE inhibitory activity‐loaded nanogels based on glycosylated soybean protein isolate via the Maillard reaction
Authors: Cui Tingting , Jia Airong , Shi Yaping , Zhang Miansong , Bai Xinfeng , Liu Xue , Sun Jimin , Liu Changheng 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this study, soybean protein isolate (SPI)‐konjac glucomannan (KGM) conjugates were fabricated via the Maillard reaction and their potential to improve enzymatic hydrolysate with ACE inhibitory activity stability was assessed. Briefly, we loaded the enzymatic hydrolysate into SPI‐KGM conjugates using a pH‐driven method. Thereafter, the transport pathway of enzymatic hydrolysate with angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity SPI‐KGM (ACE‐SPI‐KGM) core–shell nanogels was investigated using CaCo‐2 cell monolayer. The results of microstructure, encapsulation efficiency, ACE inhibition ratio and IC50 value verified that the nanogels displayed a spherical structure and excellent physicochemical properties. The ζ‐potential, Z‐average diameter and polydispersity index demonstrated that the stability of the core–shell nanogels was significantly superior to that of the enzymatic hydrolysate. In addition, the transport of the enzymatic hydrolysate in nanogels onto the CaCo‐2 cell monolayer revealed a higher transport capacity and was dominated by cell bypass transport. In summary, the SPI‐KGM conjugates could serve as potential as delivery systems for enzymatic hydrolysate with ACE inhibitory activity to fortify functional foods and medicines.
Effect of light, food additives and heat on the stability of sorghum 3‐deoxyanthocyanins in model beverages
Authors: Barbosa Mariana Pereira , Rigolon Thaís Caroline Buttow , Borges Larissa Lorrane Rodrigues , Queiroz Valéria Aparecida Vieira , Stringheta Paulo César , de Barros Frederico Augusto Ribeiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work aimed to evaluate the stability of sorghum 3‐deoxyanthocyanins (DXA) in model beverages (pH 3.5) elaborated with crude sorghum phenolic extract, containing ascorbic acid and sulphite, under fluorescent light exposure and subjected to heat treatment. There was no significant difference in the DXA degradation during storage under light exposure (24.16%) and absence of light (20.72%). DXA degradation did not differ in the presence of ascorbic acid during storage under light exposure (23.99–25.38%) and absence of light (19.87–21.74%). The addition of sulphite caused an initial bleaching reaction, but as a reversible reaction, the anthocyanin content was higher on the last day of storage compared to the first day. There were no significant differences in total anthocyanin content of all treatments subjected to the heat treatment (80 °C for 5 and 25 min). Thus, crude DXA are very stable under light, additives and heat, and may be useful as natural food colourants.
Which influenza viruses will emerge following the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic?
Authors: Laurie Karen L. , Rockman Steve 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe world has experienced five pandemics in just over one hundred years, four due to influenza and one due to coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2). In each case of pandemic influenza, the pandemic influenza strain has replaced the previous seasonal influenza virus. Notably, throughout the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, there has been a 99% reduction in influenza isolation globally. It is anticipated that influenza will re‐emerge following the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and circulate again. The potential for which influenza viruses will emerge is examined.
Glove and instrument changing to prevent bacterial contamination in infected wound debridement and closure procedures: A prospective observational study
Authors: Carroll Alexandria M. , Kim Kevin G. , Walters Elliot T. , Phillips Brian K. , Singh Brinder , Dekker Paige K. , Steinberg John S. , Attinger Christopher E. , Kim Paul J. , Evans Karen K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany surgeons use a single table of instruments for both excisional debridement and coverage/closure of infected wounds. This study investigates the effectiveness of a two‐table set‐up of sterile instruments, in addition to glove exchange, to reduce instrument cross‐contamination during these procedures. This is a prospective, single‐site, institutional review board‐approved observational study of surgical debridements of infected wounds over a 17‐month period. Two separate sterile surgical tables were used for each case: Table A for initial wound debridement (debridement set‐up) and Table B for wound coverage/closure (clean set‐up). Swabs of each table and its respective instruments were taken after debridement but prior to coverage/closure. The primary outcome of interest was bacterial growth at 48 hours. There were 72 surgical cases included in this study. Culture results of Table A demonstrated bacterial growth in 23 of 72 (32%) cases at 48 hours compared with 5of 72 (7%) from Table B (P = .001). These data suggest that there is significant bacterial contamination of surgical instruments used for debridement of infected wounds. Use of a two‐table set‐up reduced instrument cross‐contamination by 78%, suggesting avoidable re‐contamination of the wound.
A prospective clinical trial evaluating changes in the wound microenvironment in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers treated with a hypothermically stored amniotic membrane
Authors: McQuilling John P. , Carter Marissa J. , Fulton Judith A. , Patel Keyur , Doner Bryan , Serena Thomas E. , Mowry Katie C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmniotic tissues have been long utilised to treat chronic wounds; however, there are few studies evaluating how the wound microenvironment responds to these therapies. The goal of this study was to evaluate the changes in wounds treated with a hypothermically stored amniotic membrane (HSAM). In this prospective single‐arm study, 15 female patients with venous leg ulcers were treated with HSAM from male donors and standard of care for 12 weeks. Over the course of the study, wound exudate was collected and evaluated using proteomic microarrays. Biopsies were collected during the course of treatment to detect the presence of HSAM tissue. By 4 weeks, 60% of subjects achieved 50% or greater reduction in wound size, and by 12 weeks, 53% of subjects achieved 100% re‐epithelialization. HSAM DNA was detected in 20% of biopsies as determined by the detection TSPY4, indicating HSAM was no longer present within the wound bed approximately 7 days from the last treatment for the majority of wounds. Proteomic analysis of wound exudate found that wounds on a healing trajectory had significantly higher levels of MMP‐10, MMP‐7, and TIMP‐4 and significantly lower levels of CX3CL1, FLT‐3 L, IL‐1ra, IL‐1a, IL‐9, IL‐2, IL‐3, MCP‐1, and TNF‐b compared with other wounds.