bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Perspective Taking and Self-Control in a Preventive Intervention Targeting Childhood Disruptive Behavior
Authors: Nijhof Karlijn , te Brinke Lysanne W. , Njardvik Urdur , Liber Juliette M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevention studies typically focus on outcome variables such as reductions in problem behavior, rather than targeted factors (e.g., cognitions), or the relation between change in targeted factors and outcomes. Therefore, the current study examined the effect of a targeted prevention program for childhood disruptive behavior on targeted factors (i.e., perspective taking and self-control) and associations between change in targeted factors and outcomes (i.e., aspects of disruptive behavior). The sample consisted of 173 children (Mage = 10.2 years) who were randomly assigned to an intervention condition (n = 70) or waitlist control condition (n = 103). Assessment took place at pre-, post- and follow-up measurements. For ethical considerations, follow-up data was not available for children on the waitlist. Findings revealed a direct intervention effect on self-control. From pre-test to follow-up, children who received the intervention improved in perspective taking and self-control. Moreover, improvements in self-control were associated with and predicted reductions in teacher-reported symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder. No associations were found between changes in perspective taking and disruptive behavior. These findings suggest that self-control may be an important target factor in reducing childhood disruptive behavior in targeted prevention.
In the Eye of the Beholder: How Self-Other Agreements Influence Leadership Training Outcomes as Perceived by Leaders and Their Followers
Authors: Nielsen Karina , Tafvelin Susanne , von Thiele Schwarz Ulrica , Hasson Henna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBased on Yammarino and Atwater’s self-other agreement typology of leaders, we explored whether leaders’ and followers’ agreement influenced their ratings of leadership behaviors after training where leaders received multi-source feedback to stimulate behavior change. We used a prospective study design including 68 leaders and 237 followers from a Swedish forest industry company. Leaders underwent training to increase their transformational leadership and contingent reward styles and reduce management-by-exception passive and laissez-faire leadership. We found that self-other agreement influences followers and leaders reporting changes in leadership styles. We also found that although some leader types were perceived to improve their leadership behaviors, leaders and followers reported differential patterns in which types of leaders improved the most. Our results have important implications for how feedback should be used to support training to achieve changes in leadership styles.
New Results on Superlinear Convergence of Classical Quasi-Newton Methods
Authors: Rodomanov Anton , Nesterov Yurii 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present a new theoretical analysis of local superlinear convergence of classical quasi-Newton methods from the convex Broyden class. As a result, we obtain a significant improvement in the currently known estimates of the convergence rates for these methods. In particular, we show that the corresponding rate of the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno method depends only on the product of the dimensionality of the problem and the logarithm of its condition number.
The Virasoro fusion kernel and Ruijsenaars’ hypergeometric function
Authors: Roussillon Julien 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe show that the Virasoro fusion kernel is equal to Ruijsenaars’ hypergeometric function up to normalization. More precisely, we prove that the Virasoro fusion kernel is a joint eigenfunction of four difference operators. We find a renormalized version of this kernel for which the four difference operators are mapped to four versions of the quantum relativistic hyperbolic Calogero–Moser Hamiltonian tied with the root system $$BC_1$$

B

C
1

. We consequently prove that the renormalized Virasoro fusion kernel and the corresponding quantum eigenfunction, the (renormalized) Ruijsenaars hypergeometric function, are equal.
Closing the Osteoporosis Care Gap
Authors: Åkesson Kristina E. , McGuigan Fiona E. A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review outlines the scope of the problem in osteoporosis care and secondary fracture prevention and describes fracture prevention strategies, with a focus on the frail elderly.

Recent Findings
Despite heightened awareness among patients and clinicians alike and the availability of efficacious anti-osteoporosis medications, osteoporosis is still underdiagnosed and undertreated. However, the introduction of systematic risk assessment and secondary fracture prevention programmes has gained momentum, and evidence of success is accumulating.

Summary
We possess today the knowledge required to close the osteoporosis care gap. The basic components in a secondary prevention model are similar in all health care settings, number one being a dedicated fracture coordinator, with anti-osteoporosis medications and multifaceted falls prevention as cornerstones, particularly in the frailest, both in the near and long-term. Initiation of structured care pathways including the key elements – identification, investigation, intervention and follow-up of adherence – demonstrably reduces re-fracture rates and is cost-effective.
Model of Fungal Development in Stored Barley Ecosystems as a Prognostic Auxiliary Tool for Postharvest Preservation Systems
Authors: Wawrzyniak Jolanta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPostharvest preservation and storage have a crucial impact on the technological quality and safety of grain. The important threat to stored grain quality and nutritional safety of cereal products is mould development and their toxic metabolites, mycotoxins. Models based on predictive microbiology, which are able to estimate the kinetics of fungal growth, and thus, the risks of mycotoxin accumulation in a mass of grain are promising prognostic tools that can be applied in postharvest management systems. The study developed a modelling approach to describe total fungal growth in barley ecosystems stored at different temperatures (T = 12–30 °C) and water activity in grain (aw = 0.78–0.96). As the pattern of fungal growth curves was sigmoidal, the experimental data were modelled using the modified Gompertz equation, in which constant coefficients reflecting biological parameters of mould development (i.e. lag phase duration (τlag), maximum growth rate (μmax) and the maximum increase in fungal population level (Δmaxlog(CFU)) were expressed as functions of storage conditions, i.e. aw and T. The criteria used to evaluate the overall model performance indicated its good precision (R2 = 0.95; RMSE = 0.23) and high prediction accuracy (bias factor and accuracy factor Bf = 1.004, Af = 1.035). The formulated model is able to estimate the extension of fungal contamination in a bulk of grain versus time by monitoring temperature and intergranular relative humidity that are readily measurable in practice parameters; therefore, it may be used as a prognostic support tool in modern postharvest management systems.
Assessing Sediment Pulse during an Extreme Hydrological Event in the Alaknanda Basin, Northwestern Himalaya, India
Authors: Devrani Rahul , Singh Vimal , Mehta Manish , Ramanathan A. L. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
In the year 2013, the Northwestern Himalaya witnessed an extreme hydrological event that severely affected the upper Ganga Basin. The unexpected high sediment mobilisation in the basin affected the human population, infrastructure, and ecology in several reaches of the Ganga river and its tributaries. In an exceedingly affected reach, the Kedarnath valley, a considerable sediment volume (~ 26243 x 104 m3) was mobilised during the 2013 extreme hydrological event. In the Srinagar valley, up to 50 x 104 m3 of legacy sediment was washed away during the same event. This sediment mobilisation generated sediment pulses in the affected region, which is assessed through remote sensing, field observations and existing literature, in the Kedarnath and Srinagar valleys. Results show that the evolution of translative, dispersive, and their combined sediment pulse pattern in both selected reaches of the upper Ganga Basin. The mountainous region of the upper Ganga basin has very few monitoring stations observing sediment movement, and data from such stations are mostly unavailable due to which our understanding of the sediment movement in the Himalaya remains very poor. Therefore, it is suggested that there is a need for detailed studies of the sediment transport mechanism in the Himalayan river basins especially during such extreme hydrological events when large volume of sediment is mobilised.
Stable Isotopes and Major Ions in Deciphering the Hydrochemical Environment in the Tertiary Aquifer System of Kuttanad Area, Kerala
Authors: Kunhambu V. , Vinayachandran N. , Sureshbabu D.S. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Kuttanad area is part of the western coastal plains in Kerala characterized by a thick pile of Tertiary sediments underlying the Recent alluvium. The evolution of aquifer systems in these sediments are closely related to the geological history of the area and the groundwater in the Tertiary aquifer system was evolved during various marine transgressions and regressions. Chemical processes such as leaching of salts, cation exchange and chemical reactions under strong reducing environment modified the hydrochemistry of these aquifers. The salinization and freshening processes in the tertiary aquifer system elucidated from hydrogeological, hydro-chemical and stable isotope (2H and 18O) studies are documented in this paper. The hydrochemical and isotope studies corroborate with the observations in the earlier study on the flow regime in the coastal aquifers under SIDA assisted coastal hydrology project (CGWB, 1992).
Dynamic behavior assessment of public buildings in Syria using non-linear time-history analysis and ambient noise measurements: a case study
Authors: Al-Helwani Amjad , Abdul-wahed Mohamad Khir , Alfach Mohanad Talal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the dynamic behavior and performance of vital reinforced concrete (RC) public building [Ministry of Higher Education (MHE)] designed in compliance with the old Syrian (non-seismic) building code. The real non-linear dynamic behavior of the MHE building has been checked by detailed dynamic numerical analyses (finite elements method—FEM) validated by a series of ambient noise measurements carried out on-site. The modeling approach for the thorough 3D dynamic analyses of the (RC) MHE building has been developed to be able to investigate the actual non-linear dynamic performance of widespread range of RC structures, providing the opportunity to set up a reliable detailed methodology to assess the real dynamic performance of the old vital structures designed according to the old Syrian (non-seismic) building code from the new seismic requirements perspective. The results of the frequency analyses, the nonlinear time history, and the experimental measurements have shown an excellent agreement. The study showed that the modeling approach by the FEM is reliable for predicting the actual dynamic behavior of RC structures, but it is very sensitive to the modeling assumptions. Furthermore, the dynamic performance analyses have revealed unsymmetrical behavior of the east–west wings about the Y-axis which could be attributed to the inefficient seismic rehabilitation executed in 2001.
Mathematik inklusiv unterrichten – Ein Forschungsüberblick zum aktuellen Stand der Entwicklung einer inklusiven Didaktik für den Mathematikunterricht in der Grundschule
Authors: Jütte Hannah , Lüken Miriam M. 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Mathematikunterricht der Grundschule hat sich in den letzten Jahren im Hinblick auf die Realisierung einer inklusiven Didaktik weiterentwickelt. Es herrscht Konsens, dass alle Kinder mit- und voneinander lernen, jedoch auch individuell gefördert werden sollen. Forschungsergebnisse zeigen neutrale bis positive Effekte inklusiven Unterrichts auf das kindliche Mathematiklernen. Aktuelle Studien weisen jedoch darauf hin, dass für Lehrkräfte die Realisierung gemeinsamer Lernsituationen aufgrund fachlicher Besonderheiten nach wie vor herausfordernd ist. Trotz einiger konkretisierter mathematikdidaktischer Konzepte, die im Beitrag vorgestellt werden, besteht daher weiterer Forschungs- und Entwicklungsbedarf zur Gestaltung inklusiven Mathematikunterrichts auf inhaltlicher Ebene.
Fostering Well-Being over the Radio? An Empirical Study Investigating the Effects of an Audio Podcast-Based Intervention Program on Student Teachers’ Well-Being
Authors: Dreer Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStudent teachers’ abilities to positively influence their own well-being are an important resource not only for their academic success at university but also for their future impact as educators in schools. Thus, universities should assume responsibility for educating student teachers on how to reflect on and influence their personal well-being. In this paper, an empirical study is presented that investigates the effects of an audio podcast-based intervention on student teachers’ well-being. The online course was developed with the aim of fostering both the general and job-related well-being of student teachers during a 15-week pedagogical field experience. The course comprises a series of nine narrated audio podcast episodes and administers three positive psychological interventions: gratitude, kindness, and savouring. To investigate the effectiveness of the course, a quasi-experimental design was used. Life satisfaction, happiness, teacher engagement, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion were measured using online questionnaires at four intervals over a 15-week period. The sample consisted of 117 German student teachers, of which 82 participated in the intervention and 35 in the control condition. Results suggest small but statistically significant gains in mean life satisfaction and happiness scores of the participants in the intervention group. Furthermore, significant gains in emotional exhaustion in the control group were not present in the intervention condition, suggesting that the course provides a buffer to emotional exhaustion. Against the expectations, indicators of job-related well-being (i.e. teacher engagement, job satisfaction) did not significantly change over time in either group. The relevance and limitations of these findings are discussed.
Numerical investigation of the fiber/matrix inter-phase damage of a PPS composite considering temperature and cooling liquid ageing
Authors: Bourgogne Quentin C. P. , Bouchart Vanessa , Chevrier Pierre , Dattoli Emmanuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical study of fiber/matrix inter-phase damage of a PolyPhenylene Sulfide with 40%wt of short glass fibers (PPS GF40). Homogenization methods are used to estimate the macroscopic mechanical behavior of composites like glass fiber reinforced PPS. Starting from the study of the mechanical behavior of the PPS matrix, an analytical homogenization was performed. Comparison with composite’s experimental curves showed a good prediction of the elastic behavior. However, differences between experimental and predicted plastic behaviors were highlighted. Finite element analyses considering inter-phase damage were done at different temperatures and for several fiber orientations so to explain differences arising between analytical approach and experimental results. This work allowed a study of the evolution of the impact of this damage on mechanical properties as a function of temperature and fiber orientation. Finally, this work showed the development of a weakening of the fiber/matrix interface for a liquid aged composite and to quantify the decrease of the interface properties.
Folding photopolymerized origami sheets by post-curing
Authors: He Xiaodong , Matte Christopher-Denny , Kwok Tsz-Ho 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper presents a novel manufacturing approach to fabricate origami based on 3D printing utilizing digital light processing. Specifically, we propose to leave part of the model uncured during the printing step, and then cure it in the post-processing step to set the shape in a folded configuration. While the cured regions in the first step try to regain their unfolded shape, the regions cured in the second step attempt to keep their folded shape. As a result, the final shape is obtained when both regions’ stresses reach equilibrium. Finite element analysis is performed in ANSYS to obtain the stress distribution on common hinge designs, demonstrating that the square-hinge has a lower maximum principal stress than elliptical and triangle hinges. Based on the square-hinge and rectangular cavity, two variables—the hinge width and the cavity height—are selected as principal variables to construct an empirical model with the final folding angle. In the end, experimental verification shows that the developed method is valid and reliable to realize the proposed deformation and 3D development of 2D hinges.
Geochemical conditions of natural wetland and paddy fields in the Poyang Lake area, China
Authors: Soldatova Evgeniya , Dong Yihui , Li Jiale , Ivanova Irina , Toropov Andrey , Gromyak Irina , Dogadkin Denis , Sun Zhanxue 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
During the last several decades, wetlands are losing their ecological functions due to increasing anthropogenic loads. One of these functions is the ability to bind elements forming geochemical barriers. The research aimed to study the geochemical conditions of natural wetlands and flooded paddy fields (artificial wetlands) in the Ganjiang River basin to trace geochemical barriers. The research approach was based on a comprehensive analysis of water and aqueous extracts from bottom sediments and paddy soils, including chemical and mineral composition. The samples were collected in November 2019, during the dry season at the end of harvesting. Chemical analysis was performed using standard methods for natural substances: titrimetry, photometry, ionic chromatography, high-temperature oxidation, ICP-MS, and ICP-AES. The mineral composition of the soils and sediments was determined by XRD. It was found that the main physicochemical characteristics (TDS, pH, main component concentrations) of the natural wetland water correspond to the surface water of the study area, whereas the irrigation water is similar to shallow groundwater. The content of trace elements in the irrigation water is higher than in the natural wetland water. Generally, the trace element composition of the natural wetland water corresponds to the geochemical background of the study area. Analysis of the mineral and chemical composition of the paddy soils and sediments indicates the geochemical barriers that accumulate a wide range of elements. In the natural wetland, the geochemical barrier is likely associated with a decrease in oxygen content and advective transport rate in the sediments, whereas in the paddy fields, the precipitation of clay minerals in the soil profile forms the geochemical barrier related to a decrease in filtration properties and advection–diffusion transport.

Graphic abstract
Numerical investigation of volute tongue design on hemodynamic characteristics and hemolysis of the centrifugal blood pump
Authors: Aka Ibrahim Basar , Ozturk Caglar , Lazoglu Ismail 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the design of rotary blood pumps, the optimization of design parameters plays an essential role in enhancing the hydrodynamic performance and hemocompatibility. This study investigates the influence of the volute tongue angle as a volute geometric parameter on the hemodynamic characteristics of a blood pump. A numerical investigation on five different versions of volute designs is carried out by utilizing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-FLUENT. The effect of volute tongue angle is evaluated regarding the hydrodynamic performance, circumferential pressure distribution, the radial force, and the blood damage potential. A series of volute configurations are constructed with a fixed radial gap (5%), but varying tongue angles ranging from 10 to 50°. The relative hemolysis is assessed with the Eulerian based empirical power-law blood damage model. The pressure-flow rate characteristics of the volute designs at a range of rotational speeds are obtained from the experimental measurements by using the blood analog fluid. The results indicate an inverse relationship between hydraulic performance and the tongue angle; at higher tongue angles, a decrease in performance was observed. However, a higher tongue angle improves the net radial force acting on the impeller. The pump achieves the optimized performance at 20° of the tongue angle with the relatively high hydrodynamic performance and minor blood damage risk.
Disentangling ecological and taphonomic signals in ancient food webs
Authors: Shaw Jack O. , Coco Emily , Wootton Kate , Daems Dries , Gillreath-Brown Andrew , Swain Anshuman , Dunne Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnalyses of ancient food webs reveal important paleoecological processes and responses to a range of perturbations throughout Earth's history, such as climate change. These responses can inform our forecasts of future biotic responses to similar perturbations. However, previous analyses of ancient food webs rarely accounted for key differences between modern and ancient community data, particularly selective loss of soft-bodied taxa during fossilization. To consider how fossilization impacts inferences of ancient community structure, we (1) analyzed node-level attributes to identify correlations between ecological roles and fossilization potential and (2) applied selective information loss procedures to food web data for extant systems. We found that selective loss of soft-bodied organisms has predictable effects on the trophic structure of “artificially fossilized” food webs because these organisms occupy unique, consistent food web positions. Fossilized food webs misleadingly appear less stable (i.e., more prone to trophic cascades), with less predation and an overrepresentation of generalist consumers. We also found that ecological differences between soft- and hard-bodied taxa—indicated by distinct positions in modern food webs—are recorded in an early Eocene web, but not in Cambrian webs. This suggests that ecological differences between the groups have existed for ≥48 Myr. Our results indicate that accounting for soft-bodied taxa is vital for accurate depictions of ancient food webs. However, the consistency of information loss trends across the analyzed food webs means it is possible to predict how the selective loss of soft-bodied taxa affects food web metrics, which can permit better modeling of ancient communities.