bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium Hyaluronate (Healon®) in Closed Vitrectomy
Authors: Folk James C , Packer Andrew J , Weingeist Thomas A , Howcroft Michael J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Healon® was implanted into the vitreous cavity of 33 eyes at the conclusion of pars plana vitrectomy. In aphakic eyes, Healon diffused rapidly into the anterior chamber, reducing the length of effective tamponade posteriorly and causing marked elevations of intraocular pressure. In phakic diabetic eyes, Healon appeared to trap hemorrhage mechanically from bleeding fibrovascular stumps posteriorly. It may therefore reduce the risk of opacifying vitreous hemorrhage after vitrectomy in phakic eyes with active neovascularization.
Blindness From Retrobulbar Injection into the Optic Nerve
Authors: Pautler Scott E , Grizzard W Sanderson , Thompson Lawrence N , Wing Glenn L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report two patients with marked visual loss due to injection within the optic nerve sheath. Findings included severe visual loss, optic disc edema, retinal edema, and intraretinal, preretinal, and vitreous hemorrhage. A review of similar cases in the literature reveals a common but ill-advised use of sharp retrobulbar needles with the technique of retrobulbar injection described by Atkinson. A modified technique which limits the risk of optic nerve trauma is described.
Müller's Muscle in the Treatment of Upper Eyelid Ptosis: A Ten-Year Study
Authors: Putterman Allen M , Fett David R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Müllers muscle is a sympathetically innervated muscle that can be resected to treat upper eyelid ptosis.
Candidates for the ptosis procedure are those whose upper lids elevate to a normal level following instillation of phenylephrine hydrochloride drops into their upper ocular fornix. A specially designed clamp is applied to 6.5 to 9.5 mm of conjunctiva and Müller's muscle above the superior tarsal border. A suture is run distal to the clamp, connecting conjunctiva and Müller's muscle to the superior tarsal border; then, the tissues held in the clamp are resected. In a ten-year study of this procedure, 90% of the lids with acquired ptosis and 100% of those with congenital ptosis were within 1.5 mm of the level of the opposite lid postoperatively. Only two of 232 treated lids required additional surgery.
Müller's Muscle in the Treatment of Upper Eyelid Retraction: A 12-Year Study
Authors: Putterman Allen M , Fett David R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Müller's muscle is a sympathetically innervated muscle that can be excised to relieve upper eyelid retraction.
A graded, controlled excision of Müller's muscle, with or without recession of the levator aponeurosis, using sensory without motor anesthesia is an excellent technique for releasing thyroid-related upper eyelid retraction. The procedure is simple, based on anatomic and physiologic principles, tailored to the individual patient intraoperatively, and yields consistently good results.
In a 12-year study of this procedure, 96% of the treated lids attained lid levels within 1.5 mm of the opposite side. Only seven of 156 treated eyelids required additional surgery.
Intraocular 9-([2-Hydroxy-1-(Hydroxymethyl) Ethoxy] Methyl) Guanine Levels After Intravitreal and Subconjunctival Administration
Authors: Schulman Joel , Peyman Gholam A , Horton Mark B , Liu John , Fiscella Richard , Pulido Jose , Barber John C , de Miranda P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Clearance studies in rabbits following intravitreal injection of 400 ug of 9-([2-Hydroxy-l-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl) guanine demonstrated levels of the antiviral at 60 hours above the in vitro ID50 for several strains of human cytomegalovirus. Intravitreal administration of this new antiviral may have therapeutic application in the treatment of acute retinal necrosis and cytomegalovirus retinitis complicating acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Two Principles for Repositioning Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Eifrig David E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Single-plane posterior chamber lenses may become subluxated or dislocated. This occurs most frequently after "in-the-bag" implantations. If the capsulezonular ring remains intact, the lens may be repositloned by converting to an "in-the-sulcus" position and performing an anterior vitrectomy.
Eyelid Necrosis in an Anophthalmic Patient
Authors: Woog John J , Lemke Bradley N , Dortzbach Richard K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 72-year-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed periorbital swelling, erythema, and discharge involving her anopthalmic left socket in the course of pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia. Histopathologic examination of debrided eyelid tissues revealed ischemìe necrosis of the eyelid margin and deeper eyelid tissues. Underlying malignancy, disseminated systemic infection, and alteration in the vascular supply to the eyelids following enucleation may have contributed to the development of ischemie eyelid necrosis in this patient.
Large Periocular Keratoacanthoma: The Case for Definitive Treatment
Authors: Boynton James R , Searl S Scott , Caldwell Elethea H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Keratoacanthoma can usually be distinguished from squamous cell carcinoma. However, some tumors share certain characteristics of both lesions. There is a large group of actinic keratoacanthomas cytologically identical to squamous cell carcinomas.
In locations other than the ocular adnexae, conservative therapy is often recommended for keratoacanthomas since these lesions tend to regress spontaneously. Two patients with large periocular keratoacanthomas illustrate some of the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas related to rapidly growing potentially malignant lesions about the eye. Extensive tissue destruction and possible recurrence following excision favor definitive surgical therapy in these cases.
Medial Ectropion: Association With Lower Lacrimal Obstruction and Combined Management
Authors: O'Donnell Frank E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nine consecutive patients who presented with a medial ectropion (12 eyelids) and epiphora were prospectively evaluated and surgically managed. Medial ectropion was successfully corrected in all 12 eyelids (mean follow-up 12.2 months). A lateral tarsal strip procedure (Anderson procedure) was used to correct the horizontal lid laxity. Resecting the retractors of the lower lid subjacent to the punctal area corrected the punctal eversion. Prior to medial ectropion repair, three of the 12 eyes demonstrated evidence of complete obstruction at or below the level of the lacrimal sac. These patients required concurrent dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in addition to repair of the medial ectropion. DCR with silicone intubation obviated the need for anastomosis of lacrimal sac and nasal mucosal flaps, and it corrected the punctal stenosis. Histopathologic examination of the sac specimens confirmed chronic inflammation. One of six patients without complete obstruction required DCR after medial ectropion repair and punctoplasty. Medial ectropion may predispose to lower lacrimal obstruction. In turn, the epiphora may lead to aggravation of the medial ectropion as a result of wiping of tears.
Transorbital Penetrating Injuries to the Frontal Lobe
Authors: Sebag Jerry , Shillito John , Robb Richard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three cases of transorbital penetrating trauma to the frontal lobe are reported. These cases are remarkable in that minimal ocular trauma was incurred and excellent vision was preserved. These cases underscore the importance of suspecting the possibility of intracranial injury when evaluating penetrating orbital trauma.
Management of the Opacified Posterior Lens Capsule: An Excision Technique for Membranous Changes
Authors: Weidle Egon G , Lisch Walter , Thiel Hans-Jürgen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In 16 patients ranging from six months to 85 years a membranous-changed posterior lens capsule was partially excised during an originally extracapsularplanned lens surgery. After removing the lens contents the anterior chamber was filled with sodium hyaluronate. The opacified posterior capsule was punctiformly opened and the retrolenticular space widened with sodium hyaluronate, too. The isolated posterior capsule could be excised with microscissors without damaging the corneal endothelium or the anterior vitreous face. Integrity of the vitreous was preserved in 94% of the operated eyes. The described technique can be regarded as the method of choice for management of solid capsular opacities in infants and may be also helpful in some cases of membranous capsular changes in adults.
Argon Laser Treatment of Trichiasis
Authors: Awari Khalid J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the application of argon laser In the treatment of trichiasis. The technique involves the destruction of the follicles of the abnormal cilia. A beam of 50- to 200-micron spot size, 0.1- to 03 second time, and 1,000 to 1,200 mW power is used under local anesthesia. This method proved safe, convenient, precise, and effective in 11 cases. The technique is most suitable when a few fine cilia are involved, but repeated treatment may be required for more and thicker eyelashes. The follow-up period In this study varied from a minimum of four months to a maximum of nine months.
Tarsorrhaphy for Corneal Disease in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Welch Cathryn , Baum Jules 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report two patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca and rheumatoid arthritis whose corneal surfaces regained their integrity following tarsorrhaphy when conservative therapeutic measures were unsuccessful. We suggest that tarsorrhaphy be considered early in the course of the disease in such patients when other measures have failed to arrest progressive thinning of the cornea.
Double Stent Intubations in Difficult Post-Traumatic Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Hurwitz J J , Archer K F , Gruss J S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nasolacrimal obstruction following mid-facial trauma can be a difficult challenge for the lacrimal surgeon. After the initial bony repair with wires, or screws and plates, the reconstruction of the lacrimal drainage pathway can be accomplished best after at least 3 months. We describe methods of sac stent and canalicular intubation that can be used as a double stent intubation technique for severely traumatized patients.
Intravitreal Toxicity of Cotrimoxazole
Authors: Fiscella Richard , Peyman Gholam A , Kimura Alan , Small Gregg 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigated the intravitreal toxicity of cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim 80 mg and sulfamethoxazole 400 mg/5 ml of injection fluid) in albino rabbits. Eyes injected intravitreally with 1600 µg/0.1 cc (reported in trimethoprim concentration) exhibited no histologic or abnormal electroretinographic responses after 14 days. A vitrectomy infusion solution containing 32 ug/ml (reported in trimethoprim concentration) produced no toxicity, as demonstrated either by electroretinography or histology. Cotrimoxazole appears to be well-tolerated in rabbit eyes when administered by both intravitreal injection and vitrectomy infusion solution.
Community Eye Care 10 Years After Alma Ata: Progress, Problems, and Priorities for Private Voluntary Organizations in Developing Nations
Authors: Heldt Jean-Paul , Wessels Izak F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The 1978 International Conference on Primary Health Care held in Alma Ata, USSR, made a strong appeal for recognizing that blindness is avoidable. Most blindness can be cured by medical and surgical means, or prevented by public health measures. Now, 10 years later, it is appropriate to review and evaluate a decade of primary eye care. This article describes and reviews from a managerial perspective at three levels of intervention a community eye care program for Afghan refugees established in 1982 by the League of Red Cross in Pakistan. Factors for success and problems are analyzed, and priorities for the future are suggested.
An Inexpensive Fiberoptic Light Pipe to Aid in Placement of Episcleral Radioactive Plaques
Authors: Snyder William B , Fuller Dwain G , Fish Gary Edd 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Episcleral plaque placement requires accurate localization of choroidal melanomas. Available fiberoptic light pipes can be fashioned to become scleral markers and transilluminators. The equipment is available wherever posterior segment surgery is performed. Surgical technique and equipment modifications are described.
Natural History and Management of Advanced Coats' Disease
Authors: Silodor Scott W , Augsburger James J , Shields Jerry A , Tasman William 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Thirteen children evaluated in the Oncology Service of Wills Eye Hospital from 1976 through 1986 were found to have advanced unilateral Coats' disease, producing a total bullous exudative retinal detachment. All 13 eyes were blind. Six children were given no treatment for their retinopathy, and four of the six eventually developed painful neo vascular glaucoma, necessitating enucleation of the affected eye. The other seven children underwent intraocular infusion, drainage of subretinal fluid, and cryotherapy on one or more occasions. None of these seven eyes has developed painful neo vascular glaucoma, and the affected eye remains cosmetically acceptable in all seven children.
Study of Prostaglandins and Intraocular Pressure in Rabbits After Nd:YAG Laser Anterior Segment Procedures
Authors: Liu Sao J , Hunter David M , Oei Thomas , Lin Tommy , Lam Kwok-Wai 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Radioimmunoassay of rabbit aqueous humor one hour after Nd: YAG laser anterior capsulotomies revealed increased concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F^sub 1α^ (PGF^sub 1α^), and thromboxane B2 (TBB2). Coincidental rises in intraocular pressure (IOP) and aqueous humor protein were observed. These changes correlated with the laser power used. Pretreatment with topical 1% prednisolone acetate or 1% indomethacin prior to anterior capsulotomies inhibited the post laser rise in PGF^sub 1α^ and TBB2, but did not eliminate the post laser rise in IOP. Small rises in IOP and the concentrations of aqueous PGF^sub 1α^, TBB2, and protein were observed after NdrYAG laser iridectomies. These changes were not affected by prior treatment with 1% topical prednisolone acetate. Although PGF^sub 1α^ and TBB2 are elevated after Nd:YAG laser anterior segment procedures, a causal relationship between post treatment IOP rise and PGF^sub 1α^ or TBB2 release could not be determined.
A Technique For Removal of Filariasis of the Anterior Chamber
Authors: Samples J R , Fraunfelder F T , Swan K C , Beaver P C , Rashad A L , Rosenquist R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a useful technique for removing filaria from the anterior chamber. In the case described, an immature female filaria approximately 15 mm in length was removed from the anterior chamber of a 32-year-old man in western Oregon and identified as a species of Dipetalonema. Features of four cases of filarial infection in the anterior chamber from the same geographic area are described. In three out of four cases, the worms were removed alive without difficulty by means of a simple irrigation aspiration system.
Corneal Rupture Following Radial Keratotomy in Cats Subjected to BB Gun Injury
Authors: McKnight Scott J , Fitz John , Giangiacomo Joseph 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We performed this investigation to determine if radial fceratotomy (RK) predisposes an eye to rupture when exposed to projectile trauma. Radial keratotomy was performed on 22 cat eyes; 17 eyes were used as controls. Incision depth was set at 90% by averaging ten corneal thickness readings by ultrasonic pachymetry of each cornea. An optical zone of 4.0 mm was used and eight incisions were made. Eight weeks after RK the cats were divided into three groups, subjected respectively to BB velocities of 148.5 ft/sec (N = 4), 190 ft/sec (N = 5), and 240 ft/sec (N = 13). In groups 1 and 2, all nine eyes had hyphemas and no eyes perforated. In group 3, four of 13 RK eyes had corneal rupture. All control eyes had hyphemas and none ruptured. The study suggests that RK can predispose to rupture eyes exposed to projectile trauma sufficient to produce hyphema.
Endophthalmitis Following Nd: YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy
Authors: Carlson Alan N , Koch Douglas D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the development of Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis following Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. The patient previously underwent uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens insertion and was free of inflammation prior to laser capsulotomy. Diagnostic vitrectomy and aqueous tap were performed, and P. acnes was isolated from the aqueous in thiol broth media after nine days of incubation under anaerobic conditions. The patient was managed with topical and systemic antibiotics and steroids. Complete resolution of inflammation with return of vision to 20/25 was achieved without removal of the intraocular lens or lenticular remnants.
Choroiditis Compatible With the Histopathologic Diagnosis of Sympathetic Ophthalmia Following Cyclocryotherapy of Neovascular Glaucoma
Authors: Sabates Roland 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 44-year-old man had a blind painful right eye secondary to neovascular glaucoma. Cyclocryotherapy was performed because medical therapy was ineffective in lowering the intraocular pressure or reducing the pain. The eye became comfortable, but 5 months later vision decreased in the left eye. Examination revealed a marked posterior uveitis suggestive of sympathetic ophthalmia. Enucleation of the right eye and corticosteroid therapy were effective in eliminating inflammation in the left eye. Histopathologic examination of the exciting right eye revealed classic signs of sympathetic ophthalmia. This case is particularly unusual because there was no history or evidence of ocular perforation in the exciting eye.
Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation in the Absence of Posterior Capsular Support
Authors: Stark Walter J , Goodman Gerri , Goodman Daniel , Gottsch John 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Because of the high incidence and great variety of complications associated with anterior chamber intraocular lenses, we have developed a technique for the implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens in the absence of posterior capsular support. The posterior chamber IOL is placed in the ciliary sulcus by suturing the superior haptic to the iris and the inferior haptic to the sclera at the ciliary sulcus. We have used this technique successfully in both complicated extracapsular surgery and secondary intraocular lens implantation.
Penetrating Orbital Injury With Cavernous Sinus Involvement
Authors: Vander James F , Nelson Christine C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Penetrating orbital injuries may involve intracranial structures as well. We report an unusual case of permanent visual loss, temporary complete ophthalmoplegia, and penetration of the internal carotid artery following penetrating nail injury. CT scanning and arteriography are important diagnostic tests to consider prior to removal of an orbital foreign body. This case also demonstrates the importance of delaying repair of traumatic ptosis and ophthalmoplegia.
Water Pressure and Flow Regulation for Water-cooled Lasers
Authors: Chambers Jerre Kelly , Talansky Marvin Lawrence 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We experienced laser water valve failure resulting from poor water quality, frequent laser shutdowns from low water flow rates, and unnecessary service calls shortly after installing a new laser. The water valve failure resulted from deposits and corrosion. A dirt/rust water niter was installed, and no further water valve failure has occurred. A flow meter was added to the water system to adjust flow rates. It clearly shows when laser shutdowns are caused by low flow rates and indicates the need for water filter changes. Water pressure was monitored and is most affected by use of the laser. A convenient electric water control, activated by the laser key switch, has proved to be reliable. The water control is kept open by a timer ten minutes after the laser is shut off. We determined that our laser shutdowns were related to transient drops in water flow rates and possibly to draw off of water in other parts of the hospital.
Nd:YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy Does Not Produce Elevation of Intraocular Pressure in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Camras Carl B , Rosenthal James S , Podos Steven M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The mechanism of the intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation commonly seen in patients following neodymium (Nd):YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is unclear. Substance P, a potent polypeptide that is released into the eye after trigeminal nerve stimulation, may be the cause. In rabbits, topical application of nitrogen mustard causes a rise in IOP which is blocked by capsaicin, a presumed substance P depletor.
In the present study, six eyes of three cynomolgus monkeys underwent extracapsular lensectomies. After 2 to 3 months, capsaicin was administered by retrobulbar injection on one side of each animal, and vehicle on the contralateral side. One day later, Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomies were performed using 31 mJ (total energy) per eye. Diurnal IOP measurements were made before and after the retrobulbar injections and the capsulotomies. Ten weeks later, laser capsulotomies were repeated using 200 mJ/eye without pretreatment with any potential blockers. None of the six eyes, each undergoing two separate capsulotomies 10 weeks apart, showed a postoperative rise in IOP.
These results demonstrate that the cynomolgus monkey is a poor model for studying IOP elevation that often occurs following Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.
Pigmentary Retinal Degeneration and Coats' Disease: A Case Study
Authors: Arrigg Paul G , Lahav Moshe , Hutchins Robert K , Welter John J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a 22-year-old Hispanic man with familial congenital nystagmus, iris transillumination, and pigmentary retinal anomalies with subretinal fatty exudates similar to those seen in Coats' disease. Direct treatment of the telangiectatic vessels with cryotherapy caused a subretinal hemorrhage. We therefore recommend surrounding the area of abnormal vessels (posterior to vessels and between vessels and ora serrata) with cryotherapy to reverse the formation of the vascular anomalies.
Refugee Eye Care: A Frequently Overlooked Dimension of Disaster Assistance
Authors: Heldt Jean-Paul A , Frye Barbara A , Wessels Izak F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During the 1986 Refugee Health Group Workshop held at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the lead author surveyed 35 refugee workers' perceptions of blindness and its prevention in refugee communities. This paper analyzes and reports the results. Those surveyed generally agreed that blindness is a community problem of public health magnitude in most, if not all, refugee communities. In addition, respondents reported inadequate eye care services and a scarcity of literature on the topic. Refugee health organizations often overlook the need for eye care, and blindness prevention agencies are often unaware of the needs of particular refugee communities. The authors make recommendations for stimulating greater interest and active involvement in the prevention of blindness among refugees.