bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of porous Al5BO9 for high‐temperature wave‐transparent and thermal insulating applications
Authors: Ren Yixiao , Dai Fu‐Zhi , Xiang Huimin , Sun Yinjie , Zhou Yanchun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPorous Al5BO9 is a promising high‐temperature wave‐transparent material. However, method for the preparation of this material is not readily available. Herein, porous Al5BO9 ceramics with controlled porosity and small volume shrinkage are successfully prepared by using Al2O3 and B2O3 as starting materials without pore formers. The SEM and pore size distribution studies show that the as‐prepared porous Al5BO9 ceramics exhibit a uniform pore structure and a narrow pore size distribution. Intriguingly, simply adjusting the densities of the green bodies, the density and porosity of the porous Al5BO9 ceramics can be controlled. The pore‐forming mechanism is presumed to be a combination of boron oxide volatilization during the high‐temperature synthesis and lap of elongated grains. Porous Al5BO9 ceramics have good high‐temperature stability, which can maintain dimensional and composition stability up to 1673 K. The compressive strength can reach 211 MPa at 32.4% porosity and the dielectric constant can be as low as 3.02 at 43.2% porosity. In addition, the dielectric constant and loss tangent keep almost unchanged with temperature.
Structure and mechanical properties of pyrope (Mg3Al2Si3O12) glass: Effect of high pressure
Authors: Buchner Silvio , Balzaretti Naira Maria , Ferreira Eduardo B. , Tsuchida Jefferson Esquina , Kulbieda Felipe R. , Zanotto Edgar D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe effect of high pressure and/or high temperature on the structure and mechanical properties of pyrope glass (Mg3Al2Si3O12) was investigated. The local structure of the glass was characterized by the total pair distribution functions derived from synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. The short‐range order of the Si–O and Al–O pairs was not affected by densificationat 8 Gpa at room temperature. Small irreversible changes were observed in the intermediate range order of the glass, reflected in increasing density from 2.74 to 2.78 g/cm3, hardness from 8.1 to 8.7 GPa, and elastic modulus from 86 to 99 GPa. Thermal treatment of the parent glass at atmospheric pressure induced the crystallization of forsterite and cordierite, while thermal treatment in situ at 8 Gpa induced the crystallization of the cubic phase of pyrope, with density of 3.54 g/cm3, hardness of 16.4 Gpa, and elastic modulus of 195 GPa. This study helps to understand the effect of high pressure on geologically important materials and provides valuable insights for designing and manufacturing new glass‐ceramics containing metastable phases with improved properties.
Consumers’ motivations for adopting a vegan diet: A mixed‐methods approach
Authors: Ghaffari Mahsa , Rodrigo Padmali Gawri Kumari , Ekinci Yuksel , Pino Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe adoption of a vegan diet might have public, health, and environmental benefits; however, still little is known about veganism as the majority of studies on dietary lifestyles have focused on vegetarianism. Hence, in order to address this gap, the present study adopted a sequential and mixed (qualitative; quantitative) research approach based on laddering interviews (n = 20) and a survey (n = 400) to validate the motives for adopting a vegan diet. The results identified seven motives: economic, ethical, health‐related, hedonic, animal empathy, respect for animal rights, and personal accountability. Three motives in particular—(i.e., animal empathy, accountability, and animal rights) appear to be the key determinants of consumer’s self‐identification as vegan‐oriented individuals. The study found five attributes (price, nutritious, freshness; tasty, eco/animal friendly ingredients) of vegan products associated with the afore‐mentioned motives. Food marketers and policy makers could highlight such attributes to encourage the adoption of a vegan diet.
A prospective cohort of patients with common scabies treated with 10% benzyl benzoate emulsion as monotherapy: EPIGALE study
Authors: Caumes Eric , Marty Marc , Cadot Michel , Boulanger Patrick , Rousseaux Chantal , Petit Antoine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to general measures, pharmacological treatment is the basis of the management of scabies. No recent data in real‐life are available on the efficacy and safety of 10% benzyl benzoate emulsion for skin application administered as monotherapy.MethodThis prospective, multicenter, French observational study comprised a registry and a prospective cohort with a follow‐up at 28 days and a telephone call at week 12. To participate in the registry, patients had to be over 1 month old, ambulatory, presenting common, nonhyperkeratotic, untreated scabies. To be included in the cohort, patients had to be included in the registry and treated with two applications of 10% benzyl benzoate emulsion 8 days apart. The primary endpoint was cure at day 28.ResultsOf the 186 patients included in the registry, 116 were included in the cohort. Fourteen patients were included in the cohort without being included in the registry, which led to a total of 130 patients in the cohort. At day 28, 119/130 (91.5%; 95% CI 85.4–95.6%) were clinically cured. The cure was confirmed by dermoscopy in 44/47 patients (93%). Among the 130 patients, the cure rate was 82% at week 12. Of the 119 patients cured at day 28, the rate of cure at week 12 was 89.9%.ConclusionIn real life, two applications of 10% benzyl benzoate emulsion 8 days apart provides high cure rates in patients with common scabies.
Atopic dermatitis in adults: a population‐based study in Finland
Authors: Kiiski Ville , Salava Alexander , Susitaival Päivikki , Barnhill Satu , Remitz Anita , Heliovaara Markku 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased, but studies in adult or elderly populations are sparse.MethodsWe investigated 12‐month and lifetime prevalences of AD in the Finnish adult population ≥30 years of age and analyzed living environment factors, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle‐related factors, and serum vitamin D levels for their associations with AD in a national health examination survey.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence was 21.9% and 12‐month prevalence 10.1%. The highest prevalence (lifetime 28.6%, 12‐month 15.4%) was seen in subjects 30‐39 years of age. Prevalence decreased with age. Subjects with highly educated parents were more likely to have active AD, though there was no effect of higher education in subjects themselves. Younger age and being an ex‐smoker were associated with active AD. Female sex and daily smoking increased the risk in subjects 30‐49 years of age. There was no dose–response relationship to serum vitamin D levels and no association with the living environment.ConclusionsOur data show that the number of adult patients with atopic dermatitis has grown and prevalence numbers of AD in Finnish adults are among the highest reported. Together with the aging of the society, the burden of AD is not limited to childhood.
Anti‐inflammation of bioactive compounds from ethanolic extracts of edible bamboo mushroom (Dictyophora indusiata) as functional health promoting food ingredients
Authors: Ruksiriwanich Warintorn , Khantham Chiranan , Linsaenkart Pichchapa , Chaitep Tanakarn , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Jantanasakulwong Kittisak , Phimolsiripol Yuthana , Režek Jambrak Anet , Nazir Yasir , Yooin Wipawadee , Sommano Sarana Rose , Jantrawut Pensak , Sainakham Mathukorn , Tocharus Jiraporn , Mingmalairak Salin , Sringarm Korawan 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe edible bamboo mushroom Dictyophora indusiata, which is rich in food nutrients and has medicinal values, has been investigated for nutrition compositional analysis. Then, three parts (whole mushroom: WE; peel and green mixture: PGE; and core: CE) were determined for antioxidant, MMP‐2 inhibition, and anti‐inflammatory properties. WE depicted the highest bioactive contents among others. The CE and WE with non‐cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts gave high MMP‐2 inhibitory activity (44.93% and 30.32%, respectively), compared with l‐ascorbic acid (50.65%). For the anti‐inflammatory activity, all D. indusiata extracts significantly inhibited the nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α secretion compared with the LPS treatment in all‐time intervals (P < 0.05). Moreover, WE extract containing various bioactive compounds (polyphenolic, monosaccharide, mucopolysaccharide, allantoin, and alkaloid contents) showed similar anti‐inflammatory activity to the standard diclofenac. It can be concluded that WE could be served as functional food ingredients and potential to be health‐promoting products.
Inhibitory effect of CaCl2 and carboxymethyl chitosan coating on the after‐ripening of Korla fragrant pears in cold storage
Authors: Wang Zhentao , Tang Yurong , Liu Yang , Zhang Hong , Zhang Yongcheng , Lan Haipeng 
Published: September 2021

SummaryKorla fragrant pears were treated with CaCl2 and carboxymethyl chitosan coating (CC), while distilled water was used as control (CK) to clarify the effects of CaCl2 and CC treatments on the after‐ripening of Korla fragrant pears in cold storage. The results showed that the CaCl2 and CC treatments could maintain the balance of cell wall components and active oxygen metabolism, reduce membrane lipid peroxidation and damage, and delay and reduce the respiratory and physiological activity intensity, thus delaying the consumption of nutrients in the Korla pear during cold storage and preserving fruit storage quality. Compared with the CK group, both CaCl2 and CC treatments could effectively delay after‐ripening and reduce the intensity of physiological activity. Furthermore, the combination of CaCl2 and CC treatment groups yielded better results than the CaCl2 or CC treatments alone.
Recent advances in gelatine and chitosan complex material for practical food preservation application
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Ding Fuyuan , Ma Liang , Zhang Yuhao 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBoth gelatine and chitosan are safe, odourless, edible, biodegradable, biocompatible, cost‐efficient and commercially available biopolymers, which promotes the possibility of forming complex. Many factors, including origin, molecular weight, deacetylation degree, pH, salts, concentration, temperature, active materials, modifiers, etc., could impose effect on the process of producing gelatine‐chitosan complex. The formed gelatine‐chitosan complex has excellent physicochemical properties such as antibacterial property and antioxidant property, and could effectively preserve practical food (such as meat, vegetables and fruits). This article comprehensively reviews recent advances in factors affecting the complex forming process and practical food preservation application of gelatine‐chitosan complex. It aims to provide an overview of the value of gelatine‐chitosan complex as an effective preservation alternative in food technology.
A review of online reactions to game‐based assessment mobile applications
Authors: al‐Qallawi Sherif , Raghavan Mukhunth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper takes an exploratory approach to analyze reactions to game‐based assessments (GBAs) by examining users' reviews of GBA mobile applications. In this study, we explore 3146 user reviews and 1253 comments from 10 GBA applications found on the two most popular mobile application distribution platforms using a natural language processing tool. Findings suggest that candidates generally perceive GBAs as novel and have varying reactions to specific game, assessment, and application elements. As this study contributes to the limited body of research available on candidates' reactions to GBA mobile applications, findings and research directions are discussed to expand our understanding of this growing area of assessment.
Influenza hospitalizations during childhood in children born preterm
Authors: Hauge Siri H. , de Blasio Birgitte Freiesleben , Håberg Siri E. , Oakley Laura 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective is to determine if children born preterm were at increased risk of influenza hospitalization up to age five.MethodsNational registry data on all children born in Norway between 2008 and 2011 were used in Cox regression models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for influenza hospitalizations up to age five in children born preterm (<37 pregnancy weeks). HRs were also estimated separately for very preterm (<32 weeks), early term (37–38 weeks), and post‐term (≥42 weeks) children.ResultsAmong 238,628 children born in Norway from January 2008 to December 2011, 15,086 (6.3%) were born preterm. There were 754 (0.3%) children hospitalized with influenza before age five. The rate of hospitalizations in children born preterm was 13.8 per 10,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [CI] [11.3, 16.7]), and 5.9 per 10,000 person‐years (95% CI [5.5, 6.4]) in children born at term (≥37 weeks). Children born preterm had a higher risk of influenza hospitalization before age 5: aHR 2.33 (95% CI [1.85, 2.93]). The risk increased with decreasing gestational age and was highest among those born extremely/very preterm; aHR 4.07 (95% CI [2.63, 6.31]). Compared with children born at 40–41 weeks, children born early term also had an elevated risk of influenza hospitalization; aHR (37 weeks) 1.89 (95% CI [1.43, 2.50]), aHR (38 weeks) 1.43 (95% CI [1.15, 1.78]).ConclusionChildren born preterm had a higher risk of influenza hospitalizations before age five. An elevated risk was also present among children born at an early term. Children born preterm could benefit from influenza vaccinations.
Analysis of socio‐economic spending and human capital development nexus in Nigeria
Authors: Madueme Stella. I. , Orji Anthony , Johnson Idongesit Friday , Anthony‐Orji Onyinye I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examines the impact of Economic and Social Sector Expenditures on Human Capital Development in Nigeria from 1981 to 2018. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model was applied in the analysis. The results reveal that the lagged values of government economic expenditure, student – teachefr ratio, external aid and per capita income impact significantly and positively on current level of development in human capital, while, government social expenditure, inflation, current value of student – teacher ratio and lagged value of external aid show a negative relationship with human capital development. In view of the above findings, the study recommends that social expenditure should be given more serious attention, while adequate measure should be taken to ensure that economic expenditure yield its preferred results. The study concludes that resources should be properly channeled (and monitored) to areas of expenditure that would boost human capital development in Nigeria.
A novel nano interface for particulate‐reinforced titanium matrix composites
Authors: Chen Hao , Gui Zhenzhen , Wang Xinyun , Gao Xianhui , Liu Dejian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe WC/W2C eutectic reinforecement was applied to suppress the formation of interfacial reaction layer TiC in titanium matrix composites due to the lower interfacial reactivity between W2C and Ti. W solid solution interface was successfully produced at the WC/Ti interface, while the most readily formed compact reaction layer TiC was completely delimitated. Such W solid solution interface is more effective to transfer stress from the matrix to the particles than that of the TiC layer. Decohesion of the W interface was never occurred.
Phase evolution and chemical stability of Nd‐doped Y3Fe5O12 waste forms synthesized in molten salt at a low temperature
Authors: Zhang Shengtai , Xu Baoliang , Cheng Jingkai , Luo Shilin , Ding Yi , Ji Shiyin , Duan Tao , Ma Jianjun , Jiang Cairong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMolten salt provides a fast mass transfer and nucleation process, so the ceramic solid solution for immobilization of high‐level nuclear waste (HLW) can be synthesized at lower temperatures. The chemical stability in the process of interaction with groundwater determines the ability of the matrix phase to prevent radionuclides from entering the biosphere. Nd‐doped Y3Fe5O12 ceramics were prepared by the molten salt method at different sintering temperatures (1000℃, 1100℃, 1200℃) and different m (eutectic salt): m (oxide) ratios (2:1, 3:1, 4:1). The sintered ceramic is Y3‐xNdxFe5O12, where x is the solubility of Nd in YIG. The results show that the optimum mass ratio of molten salt to oxide is 3:1. The solubility of Nd in garnet is 33.3 mol% (x = 1.1) and 56.7 mol% (x = 1.6) at 1100℃ and 1200℃, respectively. In the neutral medium, Nd does not transfer to the liquid phase. Acid leaching promotes the strong dissolution of the garnet matrix. In this case, the leaching rate of Nd from ceramics to the liquid phase is two to three orders of magnitude higher than that in a neutral medium. The experimental results suggest that garnet matrices can reliably immobilize actinides in subsurface repositories.
Toward homogenous AlN via reaction of Al nanoparticles with N2 and NH3: Reactive molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Song Liang , Mei Zheng , Xu Si‐Yu , Zhao Feng‐Qi , Ju Xue‐Hai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, reactive molecular dynamics simulations were implemented to study the initial events in synthesizing AlN via aluminum nanoparticles (ANPs) with N2/NH3. The dissolution and diffusion behavior of N and H atoms in ANPs is elaborated. Without sufficient N2 supply and lower temperatures (below 2000 K), AlN nucleates and grows in an island shape, and the phase separation occurs through N atoms diffusion. The increase in N2 density accelerates the dissolution of N atoms through the nitride film to the core. In the NH3 atmosphere, H atoms generated by the cleavage of NH3 on ANPs surface dominate inward penetration, while N atoms are at a disadvantage in competition. ANPs have a large number of internal stress and form interwoven dislocations in the combustion. The number and distribution of dislocations are affected by temperatures and reaction time. ANPs not only expand in volume but also have local voids generated by hot spots at high temperatures. In the analysis of ANPs/NH3 species, the instability of the N‐H bond causes aluminum‐containing substances to spill out. Furthermore, N2 atmosphere together with a small amount of NH3 can loosen the nitride film and promote the diffusion of N atoms into the ANPs core. A homogeneous AlN could be tuned and fabricated under an optimal ratio of N2/NH3 (∼6:1).
Compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among emergency nurses: A path analysis
Authors: Yu Hairong , Gui Li 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo verify a hypothesized model of the relationships between compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction, as well as their influencing factors and consequences, among emergency nurses.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional design.MethodsA hypothesized model was proposed on the basis of the current literature. A convenience sample was conducted of nurses working in the emergency departments of six hospitals in Shanghai, China, from July to September 2020. A total of 445 valid data points were collected using various self‐designed and well‐validated instruments. Descriptive statistics and correlations were computed, and a path analysis was used to assess model fitness and to investigate direct and indirect effects.ResultsThe final model reported a desirable fit with significant paths. Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue directly and inversely affected burnout, and compassion satisfaction positively influenced compassion fatigue. Perceived social support directly improved compassion satisfaction and protected against compassion fatigue. Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue directly affected mental health, and burnout directly influenced physical health. Compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction had complicated effects on turnover intention.ConclusionEmergency nurses’ compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue may be two coexisting constructs, and both affect burnout. Perceived social support acts as a protector of the three dimensions, and their effects on health status and turnover intention can be significant and complicated.ImpactEmergency nurses may experience high levels of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue simultaneously, which can help to explain why compassion fatigue did not directly increase emergency nurses’ turnover intention. The direct effects of compassion fatigue and burnout on emergency nurses’ health status and working engagement were significantly different. Support from significant others, professional psychological intervention and emergency nursing system reforms are required to tackle emergency nurses’ compassion fatigue and burnout and improve their compassion satisfaction.
Parental perspectives on research for Down syndrome
Authors: White Amanda Nicole , Chevette Marly , Hillerstrom Hampus , Esbensen Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome is the most common genetic disorder associated with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Research to improve health care outcomes in Down syndrome lags significantly behind other disease categories. Among these reasons are funding, recruitment and availability of research studies being conducted.MethodsWe surveyed 228 parents of individuals with Down syndrome to understand their perceptions of research, study design, how they seek out information and topics they would like to see researched.ResultsParents with children 18 years and younger responded to our survey. Parents indicated their willingness to participate in research (72%), yet few have (36%). Parents identified barriers to participation, research they feel would help their child, and interests in seeing new therapies and drug studies.ConclusionThese findings identify recommendations and insights from parents on future research agendas, studies and recruitment strategies that may help researchers improve outcomes for individuals with Down syndrome.
Timing of syncope in ictal asystole as a guide when considering pacemaker implantation
Authors: van Westrhenen Anouk , Shmuely Sharon , Surges Rainer , Diehl Beate , Friedman Daniel , Leijten Frans S. S. , van Hoey Smith Jorien , Benditt David G. , van Dijk J. Gert , Thijs Roland D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with ictal asystole (IA) both cardioinhibition and vasodepression may contribute to syncopal loss of consciousness. We investigated the temporal relationship between onset of asystole and development of syncope in IA, to estimate the frequency with which pacemaker therapy, by preventing severe bradycardia, may diminish syncope risk.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we searched video‐EEG databases for individuals with focal seizures and IA (asystole ≥ 3 s preceded by heart rate deceleration) and assessed the durations of asystole and syncope and their temporal relationship. Syncope was evaluated using both video observations (loss of muscle tone) and EEG (generalized slowing/flattening). We assumed that asystole starting ≤3 s before syncope onset, or after syncope began, could not have been the dominant cause.ResultsWe identified 38 seizures with IA from 29 individuals (17 males; median age: 41 years). Syncope occurred in 22/38 seizures with IA and was more frequent in those with longer IA duration (median duration: 20 [range: 5–32] vs. 5 [range: 3–9] s; p < .001) and those with the patient seated vs. supine (79% vs. 46%; p = .049). IA onset always preceded syncope. In 20/22 seizures (91%), IA preceded syncope by >3 s. Thus, in only two instances was vasodepression rather than cardioinhibition the dominant presumptive syncope triggering mechanism.ConclusionsIn IA, cardioinhibition played an important role in most seizure‐induced syncopal events, thereby favoring the potential utility of pacemaker implantation in patients with difficult to suppress IA.