bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal analysis of meteorological and hydrological droughts in the Euphrates Basin, Turkey
Authors: Katipoğlu Okan Mert , Acar Reşat , Şenocak Serkan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, the aim was to measure changes in the spatio-temporal distribution of a potential drought hazard area and determine the risk status of various meteorological and hydrological droughts by using the kriging, radial basis function (RBF), and inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation methods. With that goal, in monthly, three-month, and 12-month time periods drought indices were calculated. Spatio-temporal distributions of the droughts were determined with each drought index for the years in which the most severe droughts were experienced. According to the results, the basin is under risk of meteorological drought due to the occurrence of severe and extreme droughts in most of the area, and especially in the north, during the monthly and three-month time periods. During the 12-month period, it was found that most of the basin is under risk of hydrological drought due to the occurrence of severe and extreme droughts, especially in the southern parts. The most effective interpolation method for the prediction of meteorological and hydrological droughts was determined as kriging according to the results of the cross-validation test. It was concluded that a drought management plan should be made, and early warnings and precautions should be applied in the study area.
A Clinical Decision Support System (KNOWBED) to Integrate Scientific Knowledge at the Bedside: Development and Evaluation Study
Authors: Martinez-Garcia Alicia , Naranjo-Saucedo Ana Belén , Rivas Jose Antonio , Romero Tabares Antonio , Marín Cassinello Ana , Andrés-Martín Anselmo , Sánchez Laguna Francisco José , Villegas Roman , Pérez León Francisco De Paula , Moreno Conde Jesús , Parra Calderón Carlos Luis 
Published: January 2021

Background
The evidence-based medicine (EBM) paradigm requires the development of health care professionals’ skills in the efficient search of evidence in the literature, and in the application of formal rules to evaluate this evidence. Incorporating this methodology into the decision-making routine of clinical practice will improve the patients’ health care, increase patient safety, and optimize resources use.

Objective
The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a new tool (KNOWBED system) as a clinical decision support system to support scientific knowledge, enabling health care professionals to quickly carry out decision-making processes based on EBM during their routine clinical practice.

Methods
Two components integrate the KNOWBED system: a web-based knowledge station and a mobile app. A use case (bronchiolitis pathology) was selected to validate the KNOWBED system in the context of the Paediatrics Unit of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital (Seville, Spain). The validation was covered in a 3-month pilot using 2 indicators: usability and efficacy.

Results
The KNOWBED system has been designed, developed, and validated to support clinical decision making in mobility based on standards that have been incorporated into the routine clinical practice of health care professionals. Using this tool, health care professionals can consult existing scientific knowledge at the bedside, and access recommendations of clinical protocols established based on EBM. During the pilot project, 15 health care professionals participated and accessed the system for a total of 59 times.

Conclusions
The KNOWBED system is a useful and innovative tool for health care professionals. The usability surveys filled in by the system users highlight that it is easy to access the knowledge base. This paper also sets out some improvements to be made in the future.
Studi Literatur: Tinjauan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium pada Pasien COVID-19
Authors: Mus Rosdiana , Thaslifa Thaslifa , Abbas Mutmainnah , Sunaidi Yanti 
Published: January 2021

Latar Belakang: Penyakit Corona virus 19 (COVID-19) yang disebabkan oleh SARS-COV-2 terjadi melalui droplet dengan menyerang saluran pernafasan melalui reseptor ACE2, menyebabkan pneumonia berat yaitu Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Pemeriksaan laboratorium penting dalam menunjang diagnosis dan menilai prognosis penyakit COVID-19.Tujuan: Tinjauan ini menjelaskan peran diagnosis dan prognosis pengembangan COVID-19 pada tes laboratorium berdasarkan kemajuan penelitian terbaru SARS-CoV-2 yang telah dilaporkan.Metode: Penelitian bersifat studi literatur dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Sumber data penelitian berasal dari e-journal yaitu Google Scholar, Open Access, dan PubMed Central yang dilakukan skrining berdasarkan kata kunciHasil: Pemeriksaan imunoserologi menunjukan IgM dan IgG muncul secara berurutan pada hari ke 12 dan 14 setelah terinfeksi. Pemeriksaan hematologi melaporkan peningkatan jumlah neutrofil dan penurunan jumlah limfosit. NLR tinggi pada pasien yang parah. Pemeriksaan kimia klinik menunjukan penurunan albumin, peningkatan CRP, LDH, kreatinin, AST dan ALT.Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan imunoserologi dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan sel T, sel B serta menilai kadar immunoglobin (IgM dan IgG). Parameter hematologi digunakan untuk memprediksi keparahan COVID-19, termasuk limfosit, leukosit dan neutrofil. Peningkatan neutrofil-leukosit rasio (NLR) dapat digunakan sebagai marker untuk menilai faktor risiko COVID-19. Pada pemeriksaan kimia klinik ditemukan peningkatan kadar pada parameter fungsi hati, fungsi jantung, analisa gas darah dan penanda inflamasi.
Analisis Kelayakan Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Pelaporan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Rumah Sakit Berbasis Web
Authors: Ningsih Kori Puspita , Adhi Sigid Nugroho 
Published: January 2021

Latar Belakang: Pelaporan SPM RS di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul masih dilakukan secara konvensional. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengembangan sistem informasi, supaya data dapat diakses secara real time, kapanpun dan dimanapun. Analisis kelayakan merupakan bagian vital pada tahap perancangan sistem informasi. Dokumen feasibility tersebut digunakan sebagai acuan organisasi untuk menentukan kelanjutan dari suatu proyek.Tujuan: Menganalisis kelayakan sistem informasi pelaporan SPM RS berbasis web dari aspek teknis, ekonomi, dan organisasi.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif, dengan pendekatan pengumpulan data kualitatif. Pengambilan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Untuk menjamin validitas data dilakukan triangulasi sumber.Hasil: Hasil analisis kelayakan menunjukkan bahwa RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul memiliki perangkat keras, perangkat lunak dan jaringan yang layak untuk mendukung pengembangan sistem informasi pelaporan SPM RS berbasis web dengan nilai feasibilty sebesar 77,06. Hasil analisis kelayakan ekonomi diperoleh nilai Payback Payment (PP) 0,97, Return of investment (ROI) 4,18 > 0, dan Net Present Value (NPV) > 0, dengan nilai feasibility sebesar 100 dan nilai feasibility organisasi sebesar 93,33, sehingga diperoleh rata-rata nilai feasibilty sebesar 90,13. Kesimpulan: Hasil analisis kelayakan secara teknis, ekonomi dan organisasi menunjukkan RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul layak untuk dilakukan pengembangan sistem informasi pelaporan SPM RS berbasis web.
PREVALENCE AND TYPE OF MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM PHONES USED BY MEDICAL STAFFS/STUDENTS, WORKING/STUDYING IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER
Authors: S. ANUSHA CAROLINE SAROJ , PREETHY R. , VENNILA ROSY 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To find out the prevalence and type of microorganisms isolated from mobile phones used by health care workers, students working/studying in a tertiary care center as well as to find the rate of contamination of the hands of the individual.
Methods: Swabs moistened with sterile saline was used to swab on phone surfaces and was incubated using standard culture and identification methods. The respective user was instructed to imprint their fingers of both hands on plates of culture media. These were incubated and processed as per standard culture methods.
Results: The most common isolated microorganisms in both groups were Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and MSSA. Among Mobile phones of HCW, the highest contamination rate was noted in physicians 70% followed by Intensive care doctors 60%, and Nurses. Finger impression growth rate was observed high among Nurses 70% followed by Intensive care doctors 60% and physicians 40%.
Conclusion: There is found to be a moderate contamination rate of mobile phones and fingers with pathogenic bacteria as well as normal flora of skin isolated from health care workers. Mobile phones and hands of Health care workers serve as a potential reservoir for hospital-acquired infections as multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. In order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections, there should be an implementation of handwashing practices.
PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS IN CAESAREAN DELIVERIES IN A TERITIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: GADDE RAJASREE , GOGINENI SAJANA , SRI KANCHARLA CHANDANA , INDRAJA JIRRA , BRAHMI MARADANI , GHANTA VIJAYA KUMAR , KANAGALA VISWA SRUJANI 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Prophylactic antibiotics are used to prevent post-operative infections after Caesarean Section. Studies have suggested a significant role in the timing of prophylaxis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pattern of antibiotics used and to identify the frequency of post-operative infections in patients undergoing Caesarean Section.
Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for 6 mo. A total of 120 patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. Data collection form was prepared using NICE guidelines. A total of 120 medical records were analysed.
Results: The results revealed that out of 120 study subjects, prophylactic antibiotics Cefotaxime, Metronidazole and Cefixime were used in 119 (99.17%).
Conclusion: This study concludes that giving prophylactic antibiotics before skin incision reduces risk of post-operative infections in women undergoing Caesarean Section. As the patients did not produce any infections post-surgery 3rd generation Cephalosporins along with Nitro-imidazoles can be considered as an effective prophylactic therapy for use during caesarean sections.
IN VITRO ANTIUROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF MACERATED AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA BELERICA BY USING TURBIDITY METHOD
Authors: V. ANU , S. AKHILA , ANTONY SNEHA 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the anti-urolithiatic activity of macerated aqueous extract of Terminalia belerica by using turbidity method
Method: The present study was used to study the inhibitory effect of the Terminalia belerica on urinary stone formation. The aim of study was to examine the In vitro antiurolithiatic activity of macerated aqueous extract of T.belerica was to estimate inhibitory activity of aqueous extract on the formation of urinary stone. Cystone was used as a positive control. Anti urolithiatic study was performed by turbidity method.
Result: The percentage inhibition shown by aqueous extract at 20μg/ml was 60% and with almost constant inhibition at 100μg/ml and 200μg/ml ranging between 72% and 80%. The percentage inhibition showed by aqueous extract of Terminalia belerica has significant compared to standard drug.
Conclusion: In future this drug can be performed in vitro and clinical study beneficial for people with avoiding adverse effect of modern medicinal drugs
Strategies for Tracking Immune Surveillance of Tumor Milieu during Angiogenesis
Authors: Praveen Kumar Vemuri  , Greeshma Nimmagadda  , Sreedhar Bodiga  , Vijaya Lakshmi Bodiga  , Suryanarayana Veeravilli  , KRS Sambasiva Rao  
Published: January 2021

Cancer is a multi-stage, multi-mechanistic, multifactorial complex process that has excessive potential for excessive proliferation with no relation to the physiological organ. Inherited genetic inclinations contribute extensively to about 10 % of breast cancers and about 13 % of colon cancers incidences. In the industrialized countries, 7% of most cancer deaths result from viral infections; 4% from occupational hazards; 2% from sunlight; 2% from air, water, and soil pollution; and less than 1% from diet and lifestyle. Formation of new blood vessels, angiogenesis, is elicited by tissue hypoxia and is essential for normal course of development of every tissue and organ. Angiogenesis unequivocally promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Tumors exhibit different rates of pathological angiogenesis and involve not only abnormally proliferating cancer cells, but also various tumor- infiltrating leukocytes and stromal cells. Local milieu of the cancers polarizes the leukocytes to support the tumor growth further. Although conventional knowledge reveals that immune surveillance helps to suppress tumor development, unresolved immune mechanisms including chronic inflammation can promote growth and progression of tumors. In this review, we outline the immune cells and their derived factors, including immunosuppressive and inflammatory cytokines that either can promote or inhibit cancer development, and the role of tumor microenvironment in this process of regulation. In the present review, the role of T-lymphocytese, NK cells, antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity, tumor escape mechanisms are presented.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ocimum tenuiflorum Leaf Extract and its Antimicrobial Activity against Certain Pathogens
Authors: Pal Nidhi  , Shweta Agrawal  
Published: January 2021

Nanoparticles (NPs) are particles less than 100 nm in size. Silver nanoparticles have many important chemical and biological applications. These applications drag the attention of researchers for the production of silver nanoparticles. The objective of the study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles from the green method without using any hazardous chemicals. In the present study, Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi) leaf extract was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) from silver nitrate. Moreover, Tulsi leaf extract was also exploited, both traditionally and commercially, for their antibacterial potential which is essential oil components. The synthesis of Ag-NPs was visually deduced by a change in colour from light yellow to reddish-brown. UV-Visible Spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) analysis were then used to characterize synthesized nanoparticles. This study also determined the effect of temperature and effect of silver nitrate concentration on nanoparticle synthesis. Synthesized silver nanoparticles showed absorbance ‘peaks’ at 420 nm with UV-visible spectrometry. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles were crystalline. The mean crystallite size was estimated using the Debye-Scherrer equation. However, TEM showed that silver nanoparticles have spherical (40 nm) shape with a narrow size distribution. These synthesized nanoparticles were used to evaluate antimicrobial activity against the most common pathogens of nosocomial infections, MRSA, E. coli, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL). O. tenuiflorum extract showed strong potential for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate and the synthesized silver nanoparticles had efficient antimicrobial properties against different pathogens including drug-resistant pathogens in vitro. These synthesized nanoparticles showed maximum ‘zones’ of inhibition against MRSA among these four organisms.
Antibacterial Effect of Longan Extract and Diode Laser Combination on Peptostreptococcus Species in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Apical Periodontitis - A Pilot Study
Authors: Dr. Moksha Nayak  , Dr. Angeline Jose  , Dr. Vidhya Shenoy  
Published: January 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for developing periapical infections and increases resistance against pharmacotherapy. Microorganisms are the major cause for periradicular diseases. Peptostreptococcus spp. is the most common bacterial isolate from root canals of primary endodontic infections in diabetic patients. Herbal irrigants are being researched for its efficacy against root canal microorganisms owing to their resistance against commonly used irrigants and medicaments. Longan extract is known for its antimicrobial and antiglycemic action. Diode laser is a newer modality in the disinfection of root canal system. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial effect of longan extract (longan fruit extract) and diode laser on Peptostreptococcus species in type 2 diabetic patients with primary endodontic infections using PCR technique. Eleven subjects with type 2 diabetes requiring endodontic treatment were selected for the study based on convenience sampling for a period of 3 months. The preoperative root canal samples were collected after gaining access to the root canal system and initial instrumentation of root canals. Postoperative sample were obtained following a disinfection protocol using 3% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, longan extract as the final irrigant, followed by diode laser irradiation. Both the preoperative and postoperative samples were collected as per Moller’s criteria using sterile paper points. The mean percentage reduction following irrigation of the root canal with longan extract was 71.18% whereas diode laser showed 100% disinfection. In conclusion, the combination of longan extract and diode laser provides an effective mode of root canal disinfection in type 2 diabetic patients with apical periodontitis.
Spectral Studies of Azo Dye Degradation Using Selected Biofertilizer: Pseudomonas Fluorescens
Authors: Sumayya Rehaman  , Aravindan G  , Karthick G  
Published: January 2021

Azo dyes are the azo colorants with about 70% dyestuff. Azo dyes persist in the environment for years and are toxic to human life. In the present study, it was attempted to decolorize the selected azodye by three selected biofertilizers: Rhizobium sp., Azospirillum sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens whereas also to prove biofertlizer’s degradation property. Initially decolorization of 10% azo dye of silk dyeing effluent was biotreated with above mentioned biofertilizers at 37 °C separately as preliminary studies. It was found that preliminarily decolorization of azo dye with Pseudomonas fluorescens with 85% followed by Azospirillum sp. with 74%. Based on this, the percentage decolorization was evaluated for various concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of azo dye of silk dyeing effluent under static conditions with glucose as carbon source. The percentage decolorization was found to be 91% in 5 days with 25% effluent by Pseudomonas fluorescens reduced to 68% with crude azo dye effluent which had positive influence on the growth of bacterium in the 0.002g glucose as carbon source as growth rate was increased along with decolorization. In contrast the least percentage decolorization was analyzed as 23% in 5 days with 25% effluent by Rhizobium sp. whereas reduced drastically to 11% with 100% effluent. This indicated the dilution is more needed for the better decolorization. The cleavage of azo bond was confirmed through spectral studies such as UV and in HPLC chromatogram of silk dyeing raw industrial bio-treated azo dye Silk dyeing effluent. Microbial growth has utilized and decolorized the dye wastewater shows its biodegradation potential. The high decolorization ability was observed in Pseudomonas fluorescens compared to Azospirillum sp., and Rhizobium sp., as biofertilizer to convert toxic azo dyes into nontoxic compounds reducing the contaminants will prove dual purpose of usage of biofertilizers in the environment.
Learning Strategies, Self-Efficacy And Performance Among Students Of College Of Health And Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman UniversityLearning Strategies, Self-Efficacy And Performance Among Students Of College Of Health And Rehabi
Authors: Uzma Zaidi  
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between learning strategies, self-efficacy, and performance among students of the College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences. The main objective of this study was to provide the impact of the learning process (rehearsal, elaboration, organisation and critical thinking) concerning self-efficacy and performance of the health sciences students. The sample of this study comprised of (n=147) students enrolled in the final year of BS Program of College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University. Learning strategies were measured by a subscale of learning strategies, whereas, self-efficacy was measured by general self-efficacy scale. The grade point average of the students served to measure the performance of the students. Previous studies have shown that there is a clear difference in learning strategies on self-efficacy and performance among the students. The current study explored these variables among allied health students involved in practical clinical skills. Results proved the predictive relationship of deep level strategies with self-efficacy (F (3,143) = 5.587, p<.01) and surface-level strategies with performance (F (1,145) = 4.541, p<.03) of the students. The findings could contributeto evaluating the most frequently used learning strategies about self-efficacy and the performance of the students. Effective learning strategies were proposed to enhance the performance of the students.
Investor Sentiment and Audit Opinion Shopping
Authors: Amin Keval , Eshleman Dan , Guo Peng 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study is to examine whether investor sentiment influences clients' propensity to engage in audit opinion shopping. Using the opinion shopping framework of Lennox (2000), we document that internal control opinion shopping is more prevalent when investor sentiment is high. This effect is concentrated among firms with low institutional ownership. We also find that clients are more likely to undertake downward switches (i.e., Big 4 to non-Big 4 auditor) when sentiment is high. Additional tests reveal that clients who engage in opinion shopping during high sentiment periods have a higher risk of material restatements and higher audit fees. As well, the market-penalty associated with opinion shopping is reduced when sentiment is high. Overall, the results suggest that firms' opinion shopping behavior during high sentiment periods is more prevalent and opportunistic.
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources cited in the text.
Do the Benefits of Small Issuer SOX 404(b) Exemptions Outweigh the Costs?
Authors: Convery Amanda M. , Levine Carolyn B. 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
Responding to complaints that small issuers have disproportionately high costs that exceed the benefits of internal control attestation, the SEC has expanded size-based exemptions to SOX 404(b) since its initial adoption. Recent changes to the exemption criteria have rekindled the debate over the value of the SOX 404(b) requirement. This paper summarizes the model presented in Levine (2009), describes conditions for overauditing, and suggests solutions for practitioners, their clients, and regulators.