bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Priorities for addressing substance use disorder in humanitarian settings
Authors: Greene M. Claire , Haddad Stephanie , Busse Anja , Ezard Nadine , Ventevogel Peter , Demis Lina , Inoue Sachi , Gumm Jan-Christopher , Campello Giovanna , Tol Wietse A. , Kane Jeremy C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPopulations affected by humanitarian emergencies are vulnerable to substance (alcohol and other drug) use disorders, yet treatment and prevention services are scarce. Delivering substance use disorder treatment services in humanitarian settings is hampered by limited guidance around the preparation, implementation, and evaluation of substance use disorder treatment programs. This study aims to identify and prioritize key gaps and opportunities for addressing substance use disorder in humanitarian settings.MethodsUNODC convened a consultation meeting (n = 110) in coordination with UNHCR and WHO and administered an online survey (n = 34) to, thirteen program administrators and policymakers, eleven service providers, nine researchers, and one person with lived experience to explore best practices and challenges to addressing substance use disorder in diverse populations and contexts. Participants presented best practices for addressing substance use disorder, identified and ranked challenges and opportunities for improving the delivery of substance use disorder treatment interventions, and provided recommendations for guidelines that would facilitate the delivery of substance use disorder treatment services in humanitarian emergencies.ResultsParticipants agreed on key principles for delivering substance use disorder treatment in humanitarian settings that centered on community engagement and building trust, integrated service delivery models, reducing stigma, considering culture and context in service delivery, and an ethical ‘do no harm’ approach. Specific gaps in knowledge that precluded the delivery of appropriate substance use disorder treatment include limited knowledge of the burden and patterns of substance use in humanitarian settings, the effectiveness of substance use disorder treatment services in humanitarian settings, and strategies for adapting and implementing interventions for a given population and humanitarian context. Participants emphasized the need to strengthen awareness and commitment related to the burden of substance use disorder treatment interventions among communities, practitioners, and policymakers in humanitarian settings.ConclusionsResults from this consultation process highlight existing gaps in knowledge related to the epidemiology and treatment of substance use disorders in humanitarian emergencies. Epidemiological, intervention, and implementation research as well as operational guidance are needed to fill these gaps and improve access to substance use treatment services in humanitarian settings.
Perceived causes of mental illness and views on appropriate care pathways among Indonesians
Authors: Anjara Sabrina Gabrielle , Brayne Carol , Van Bortel Tine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The mental health system in Indonesia comprises attempts to modernise a colonial relic. There is still a disconnect between available services and help-seeking behaviours at the grassroots level. This study aims to explore the perceptions of Javanese people on the aetiology of mental illness and their ideas on how to deal with individuals who may have mental illness.

Methods
This qualitative study involves semi-structured interviews, embedded in a cluster randomised trial examining the clinical and cost-effectiveness of primary mental health services. Interviews were conducted with Indonesian and Javanese. The recruitment procedure was aligned to the trial. Participants were primary care patients recruited from 21 sites across Yogyakarta province. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts.

Results
75 participants took part in the study: 51 women (68%) and 24 men (32%). Key themes emerged around perceived causes of mental health problems (including ‘extrinsic factors’; ‘intrinsic factors’; and ‘spiritual factors’), and perceived appropriate pathways of care (‘modern medical science’; ‘social support and activities’; and ‘religious or spiritual interventions’). Gender potentially influenced some of the responses.

Conclusions
Themes indicate the variety of preconceptions towards mental health problems and assumptions regarding the best management pathways. Some of these preconceptions and assumptions support the utility of modern medical care, while the rest promote spiritual or religious healers. Participants’ ideas of the appropriate care pathways largely correspond to their perception of what the symptoms are caused by. Despite hints to some understanding of the bio-psycho-social model of mental illness, most participants did not capture the complexity of mental health and illness, indicating the importance of contextual (especially culturally and religiously-aligned) public education around mental health, illness and care.
Hypoxia with inflammation and reperfusion alters membrane resistance by dynamically regulating voltage-gated potassium channels in hippocampal CA1 neurons
Authors: Yang Yoon-Sil , Choi Joon Ho , Rah Jong-Cheol 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHypoxia typically accompanies acute inflammatory responses in patients and animal models. However, a limited number of studies have examined the effect of hypoxia in combination with inflammation (Hypo-Inf) on neural function. We previously reported that neuronal excitability in hippocampal CA1 neurons decreased during hypoxia and greatly rebounded upon reoxygenation. We attributed this altered excitability mainly to the dynamic regulation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channels and input resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying input resistance changes by Hypo-Inf and reperfusion remained unclear. In the present study, we found that a change in the density of the delayed rectifier potassium current (IDR) can explain the input resistance variability. Furthermore, voltage-dependent inactivation of A-type potassium (IA) channels shifted in the depolarizing direction during Hypo-Inf and reverted to normal upon reperfusion without a significant alteration in the maximum current density. Our results indicate that changes in the input resistance, and consequently excitability, caused by Hypo-Inf and reperfusion are at least partially regulated by the availability and voltage dependence of KV channels. Moreover, these results suggest that selective KV channel modulators can be used as potential neuroprotective drugs to minimize hypoxia- and reperfusion-induced neuronal damage.
SRCP: a comprehensive pipeline for accurate annotation and quantification of circRNAs
Authors: Rabin Avigayel , Zaffagni Michela , Ashwal-Fluss Reut , Patop Ines Lucia , Jajoo Aarti , Shenzis Shlomo , Carmel Liran , Kadener Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere we describe a new integrative approach for accurate annotation and quantification of circRNAs named Short Read circRNA Pipeline (SRCP). Our strategy involves two steps: annotation of validated circRNAs followed by a quantification step. We show that SRCP is more sensitive than other individual pipelines and allows for more comprehensive quantification of a larger number of differentially expressed circRNAs. To facilitate the use of SRCP, we generate a comprehensive collection of validated circRNAs in five different organisms, including humans. We then utilize our approach and identify a subset of circRNAs bound to the miRNA-effector protein AGO2 in human brain samples.
Coordination of consolidated bioprocessing technology and carbon dioxide fixation to produce malic acid directly from plant biomass in Myceliophthora thermophila
Authors: Li Jingen , Chen Bingchen , Gu Shuying , Zhao Zhen , Liu Qian , Sun Tao , Zhang Yongli , Wu Taju , Liu Defei , Sun Wenliang , Tian Chaoguang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) technique is a promising strategy for biorefinery construction, producing bulk chemicals directly from plant biomass without extra hydrolysis steps. Fixing and channeling CO2 into carbon metabolism for increased carbon efficiency in producing value-added compounds is another strategy for cost-effective bio-manufacturing. It has not been reported whether these two strategies can be combined in one microbial platform.

Results
In this study, using the cellulolytic thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila, we designed and constructed a novel biorefinery system DMCC (Direct microbial conversion of biomass with CO2 fixation) through incorporating two CO2 fixation modules, PYC module and Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) pathway. Harboring the both modules, the average rate of fixing and channeling 13CO2 into malic acid in strain CP51 achieved 44.4, 90.7, and 80.7 mg/L/h, on xylose, glucose, and cellulose, respectively. The corresponding titers of malic acid were up to 42.1, 70.4, and 70.1 g/L, respectively, representing the increases of 40%, 10%, and 7%, respectively, compared to the parental strain possessing only PYC module. The DMCC system was further improved by enhancing the pentose uptake ability. Using raw plant biomass as the feedstock, yield of malic acid produced by the DMCC system was up to 0.53 g/g, with 13C content of 0.44 mol/mol malic acid, suggesting DMCC system can produce 1 t of malic acid from 1.89 t of biomass and fix 0.14 t CO2 accordingly.

Conclusions
This study designed and constructed a novel biorefinery system named DMCC, which can convert raw plant biomass and CO2 into organic acid efficiently, presenting a promising strategy for cost-effective production of value-added compounds in biorefinery. The DMCC system is one of great options for realization of carbon neutral economy.
Association of sleep quality with glycemic variability assessed by flash glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhao Li-hua , Li Dan-dan , Xu Feng , Wang Xiao-hua , Lu Chun-feng , Wang Chun-hua , Yu Chao , Zhang Xiu-lin , Ning Li-yan , Wang Xue-qin , Su Jian-bin , Wang Li-hua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeterioration of sleep quality has been reported to contribute to the incidence of diabetes and may be responsible for glycemic status in diabetes. The present study explored the relationship between sleep quality and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsWe recruited 111 patients with T2D for this cross-sectional study. Each patient underwent flash glucose monitoring for 14 days to obtain glycemic variability parameters, such as standard deviation of glucose (SD), coefficient of variation of glucose (CV), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), mean of daily differences (MODD), and time in glucose range of 3.9–10 mmol/L (TIR3.9–10). After 14 days of flash glucose monitoring, each patient received a questionnaire on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate subjective sleep quality. HbA1c was also collected to assess average glucose.ResultsHbA1c was comparable among the subgroups of PSQI score tertiles. Across ascending tertiles of PSQI scores, SD, CV and MAGE were increased, while TIR3.9–10was decreased (pfor trend  <  0.05), but not MODD (pfor trend  =  0.090). Moreover, PSQI scores were positively correlated with SD, CV, MODD and MAGE (r =  0.322, 0.361, 0.308 and 0.354, respectively,p  <  0.001) and were inversely correlated with TIR3.9–10(r  =  − 0.386,p  <  0.001). After adjusting for other relevant data by multivariate linear regression analyses, PSQI scores were independently responsible for SD (β  =  0.251,t  =  2.112,p  =  0.041), CV (β  =  0.286,t  =  2.207,p  =  0.033), MAGE (β  =  0.323,t  =  2.489,p  =  0.018), and TIR3.9–10(β  =  − 0.401,t  =  − 3.930,p  <  0.001) but not for MODD (β  =  0.188,t =  1.374,p  =  0.177).ConclusionsIncreased glycemic variability assessed by flash glucose monitoring was closely associated with poor subjective sleep quality evaluated by the PSQI in patients with T2D.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome following meningitis and systemic lymphadenopathy with persistent Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M: a case report
Authors: Oya Yoshihiro , Futami Hidekazu , Nakazawa Takuya , Ishijima Kazuyuki , Umemiya Keiko , Takizawa Fumiyoshi , Imai Naoki , Kitamura Hiroshi , Matsumura Ryutaro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome is a rare lymphocyte-related oculorenal inflammatory disease presumed to be associated with drug use and infectious agents. Toxoplasma gondii is one of such pathogens that could exhibit encephalitis, meningitis, and uveitis in immunocompromised or in some immunocompetent individuals. If the immunoglobulin M of Toxoplasma is positive on screening, the interpretation of the result is not simple, especially when immunoglobulin M stays positive persistently.

Case presentation
A 34-year-old Asian male developed fever, headache, and lymphadenopathy with tenderness, which was initially diagnosed as meningitis. Antibiotics were started, and diclofenac sodium was used for the fever. Although his symptoms were alleviated in a week by the treatment, gradual decline in renal function was noted, prompting a renal biopsy that indicated acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis. A week later, tenderness in both eyes with blurred vision appeared and revealed iritis and keratic precipitations in both eyes; hence, the diagnosis of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and bilateral uveitis syndrome was made. Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M titers were both positive. Although we could not rule out recent infection of Toxoplasma gondii, which may cause uveitis initially, Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G avidity test indicated a distant infection, which allowed us to rule out meningitis and uveitis as responsible for the complication of recent Toxoplasma gondii infection. Drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test, or lymphocyte transformation test of diclofenac sodium, was solely positive among the tested drugs. Uveitis was alleviated only with ophthalmic steroid, and renal function returned to normal without administration of systemic steroid.

Conclusions
We experienced a case of diclofenac-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome. In ruling out infections, Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M was persistently positive, and Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G avidity test indicated a “distant” infection. From these two results, we ruled out recent infection. However, it should be noted that “distant” infection indicated by commercial immunoglobulin G avidity is still a multiplex profile consisting of reinfection, reactivation, and latent infection. Narrowing down the infection profile of Toxoplasma is challenging in some cases. Therefore, careful diagnosis and extended follow-up of such patients are needed.
An assemblage of giant aquatic snakes (Serpentes, Palaeophiidae) from the Eocene of Togo
Authors: Georgalis Georgios L. , Guinot Guillaume , Kassegne Koffi Evenyon , Amoudji Yawovi Zikpi , Johnson Ampah Kodjo C. , Cappetta Henri , Hautier Lionel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe here describe a monospecific assemblage of giant aquatic snakes from the middle Eocene of Kpogamé, Togo. The material, consisting of large isolated vertebrae, is referred to Palaeophis africanus, an enigmatic palaeophiid species, which was so far otherwise known only from a limited number of vertebrae from the middle Eocene of Nigeria and Angola. Material from the late Eocene of the eastern USA that had been referred to the same species, is here instead considered too fragmentary for species-level determination and Palaeophis africanus is thus so far restricted to Africa. With the aid of micro-CT scanning, we present 3D models of 17 vertebrae, pertaining to different portions of the vertebral column. We provide detailed comparisons of the new material with all named African species of the genus Palaeophis. A tentative diagnosis of Palaeophis africanus is provided. With more than 50 vertebrae, the new Togolese specimens represent the most abundant known material attributed to Palaeophis africanus and significantly enhance our knowledge of the vertebral anatomy and intracolumnar variation for this taxon. Furthermore, this adds to the, as yet, extremely scarce fossil record of squamates from central western Africa, a region where Paleogene herpetofaunas are only rather poorly known.
Imaging modalities for diagnosis and monitoring of cancer cachexia
Authors: Han Jessie , Harrison Luke , Patzelt Lisa , Wu Mingming , Junker Daniela , Herzig Stephan , Berriel Diaz Mauricio , Karampinos Dimitrios C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCachexia, a multifactorial wasting syndrome, is highly prevalent among advanced-stage cancer patients. Unlike weight loss in healthy humans, the progressive loss of body weight in cancer cachexia primarily implicates lean body mass, caused by an aberrant metabolism and systemic inflammation. This may lead to disease aggravation, poorer quality of life, and increased mortality. Timely detection is, therefore, crucial, as is the careful monitoring of cancer progression, in an effort to improve management, facilitate individual treatment and minimize disease complications. A detailed analysis of body composition and tissue changes using imaging modalities—that is, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, (18F) fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18FDG) PET and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry—shows great premise for charting the course of cachexia. Quantitative and qualitative changes to adipose tissue, organs, and muscle compartments, particularly of the trunk and extremities, could present important biomarkers for phenotyping cachexia and determining its onset in patients. In this review, we present and compare the imaging techniques that have been used in the setting of cancer cachexia. Their individual limitations, drawbacks in the face of clinical routine care, and relevance in oncology are also discussed.
Bifurcation curves and exact multiplicity of positive solutions for Dirichlet problems with the Minkowski-curvature equation
Authors: Gao Hongliang , Xu Jing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the bifurcation curves and exact multiplicity of positive solutions of the one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature equation
$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} - (\frac{u'}{\sqrt{1-u^{\prime \,2}}} )'=\lambda f(u), &x\in (-L,L), \\ u(-L)=0=u(L), \end{cases} $$

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Calculation of vectorial derivatives for functions of a quaternion variable and their properties
Authors: Kim Ji Eun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVarious attempts have been made in defining the derivative of a quaternionic function due to the noncommutativity of the product over quaternions. We observe that the difference in the left and right operations caused by the noncommutativity of the quaternion product is determined by the vector part of the quaternion. In this paper, we propose a corresponding derivative to replace the derivative of a quaternion-valued function of a quaternionic variable using the component terms of a quaternion. Further, the analogous constant, product, and quotient rules for the proposed calculations are given. Application of the proposed derivatives is provided to compute the derivatives of elementary functions. Several illustrations are also presented.
Safety of elective abdominal and vascular surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Flemming Sven , Hankir Mohammed K. , Kusan Simon , Krone Manuel , Anger Friedrich , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Wiegering Armin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who undergo surgery have impaired postoperative outcomes and increased mortality. Consequently, elective and semi-urgent operations on the increasing number of patients severely affected by COVID-19 have been indefinitely postponed.in many countries with unclear implications on disease progression and overall survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the establishment of a standardized screening program for acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is sufficient to ensure high-quality medical and surgical treatment of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients while minimizing in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Methods
The screening program comprised polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal swabs and a standardized questionnaire about potential symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 infection. All elective and emergency patients admitted to the surgical department of a tertiary-care hospital center in Lower Franconia, Germany, between March and May 2020 were included and their characteristics were recorded.

Results
Out of the study population (n = 657), 509 patients (77.5%) had at least one risk factor for a potentially severe course of COVID-19 and 164 patients (25%) were active smokers. The average 7-day incidence in Lower Franconia was 24.0/100,000 during the observation period. Preoperative PCR testing revealed four asymptomatic positive patients out of the 657 tested patients. No postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection or transmission could be detected.

Conclusion
The implementation of a standardized preoperative screening program to both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients can ensure high-quality surgical care while minimizing infection risk for healthcare workers and potential in-hospital transmission.