bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential prognostic value of PD-L1 and NKG2A expression in Indonesian patients with skin nodular melanoma
Authors: Saputro Ridwan Dwi , Rinonce Hanggoro Tri , Iramawasita Yayuk , Ridho Muhammad Rasyid , Pudjohartono Maria Fransiska , Anwar Sumadi Lukman , Setiaji Kunto , Aryandono Teguh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
Biomarker mRNA levels have been suggested to be predictors of patient survival and therapy response in melanoma cases. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between the mRNA expression levels of PD-L1 and NKG2A in melanoma tissue with clinicopathologic characteristics and survival in Indonesian primary nodular melanoma patients.

Results
Thirty-one tissue samples were obtained; two were excluded from survival analysis due to Breslow depth of less than 4 mm. The median survival of upregulated and normoregulated PD-L1-patients were 15.800 ± 2.345 and 28.945 ± 4.126 months, respectively. However, this difference was not significant statistically (p = 0.086). Upregulated and normoregulated NKG2A patients differed very little in median survival time (25.943 ± 7.415 vs 26.470 ± 3.854 months; p = 0.981). Expression of PD-L1 and NKG2A were strongly correlated (rs: 0.787, p < 0.001). No clinicopathologic associations with PD-L1 and NKG2A mRNA levels were observed. These results suggest that PD-L1 may have potential as a prognostic factor. Although an unlikely prognostic factor, NKG2A may become an adjunct target for therapy. The strong correlation between PD-L1 and NKG2A suggests that anti-PD-1 and anti-NKG2A agents could be effective in patients with PD-L1 upregulation. The mRNA levels of these two genes may help direct choice of immunotherapy and predict patient outcomes.
Ethanologenesis and respiration in a pyruvate decarboxylase-deficient Zymomonas mobilis
Authors: Rutkis Reinis , Strazdina Inese , Lasa Zane , Bruheim Per , Kalnenieks Uldis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
Zymomonas mobilis is an alpha-proteobacterium with a rapid ethanologenic pathway, involving Entner–Doudoroff (E–D) glycolysis, pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc) and two alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes. Pyruvate is the end-product of the E–D pathway and the substrate for Pdc. Construction and study of Pdc-deficient strains is of key importance for Z. mobilis metabolic engineering, because the pyruvate node represents the central branching point, most novel pathways divert from ethanol synthesis. In the present work, we examined the aerobic metabolism of a strain with partly inactivated Pdc.

Results
Relative to its parent strain the mutant produced more pyruvate. Yet, it also yielded more acetaldehyde, the product of the Pdc reaction and the substrate for ADH, although the bulk ADH activity was similar in both strains, while the Pdc activity in the mutant was reduced by half. Simulations with the kinetic model of Z. mobilis E-D pathway indicated that, for the observed acetaldehyde to ethanol production ratio in the mutant, the ratio between its respiratory NADH oxidase and ADH activities should be significantly higher, than the measured values. Implications of this finding for the directionality of the ADH isoenzyme operation in vivo and interactions between ADH and Pdc are discussed.
Inflammatory cap polyp of the sigmoid colon: a case report
Authors: Pandit Narendra , Yadav Tek Narayan , Dahal Mona , Awale Laligen , Adhikary Shailesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory cap polyp is a very rare benign entity of the distal left colon, characterized by inflammatory polyp with a “cap” of fibrinopurulent exudates. They are usually multiple and commonly present with bleeding per rectum or mucoid discharge. Solitary polyp presenting with intermittent intussusceptions is rare.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 45-year-old Nepalese male with a solitary inflammatory sigmoid colon polyp. The patient presented with a 1-month history of rectal bleeding, mucoid discharge, and severe colicky abdominal pain due to intussusceptions. On colonoscopy, there was an exophytic mass with surface exudates. Colonic resection and anastomosis were performed, due to recurring partial intestinal obstruction. At a 6-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic.

Conclusion
Inflammatory cap polyp is a benign entity, and it should be kept in mind as an important differential diagnosis of exophytic colonic mass with surface exudates.
Central retinal vein occlusion in a patient using the antipsychotic drug olanzapine: a case report
Authors: Nowrouzi Ali , Kafiabasabadi Sepideh , Rodriguez-Calzadilla Mario , Benitez-del-Castillo Javier , Soto-Guerrero Alejandro , Diaz-Ramos Antonio , Marques-Cavalcante Kyara Vaneska 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
We report our findings in a patient who developed central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and was a chronic user of olanzapine, an antipsychotic medication.

Case presentation
A 50-year-old Caucasian man, non-smoker, was referred to our clinic with the chief complaint of floater appearance in his left eye for the past 3 days. His past medical history indicated that he had been taking antipsychotic drugs (olanzapine) for about 3 years, with no other systemic disease or risk factors for CRVO.
In the examination, his best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.7 in the left eye. The fundus showed signs of nonischemic CRVO with subhyaloid hemorrhage and intraretinal hemorrhage in the posterior pole and superior and inferior retina, without macular edema, confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT).
We ruled out other probable differential diagnoses and risk factors which lead to CRVO through a complete physical exam and blood analysis (complete blood count, glucose, urea, creatinine, lipid profile, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, Bleeding time (BT), fibrinogen level, proteins, antiphospholipid antibodies, homocysteine blood level, antithrombin III, protein C and S, factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutation, angiotensin-converting enzyme level, other autoantibodies, and human leukocyte antigen [HLA]-B51). Finally, we confirmed the probable side effect of olanzapine in CRVO, which has not been previously reported. A possible pro-thrombogenic mechanism of olanzapine at the molecular level is an affinity for 5-HT2Aserotonin receptors. Blocking these receptors results in increased platelet aggregation and increased blood coagulability.

Conclusions
These results indicate that CRVO can be a complication of chronic use of antipsychotic medications such as olanzapine, as shown for the first time in our case report. Clinicians should question patients who develop a sudden CRVO whether they are using antipsychotic medications such as olanzapine.
Inadvertent arterial puncture involving the subclavian artery and the aorta during central venous catheterization: a case report
Authors: Alon Mark Henry 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
This case report describes a subclavian vein cannulation that inadvertently led to an arterial puncture with the catheter tip radiologically seen at the level of the aorta. This case emphasizes the importance of postprocedural imaging and the disadvantages of not using ultrasound guidance in central venous catheterization.

Case presentation
A 24-year-old Caucasian man with diabetes mellitus type 1 presented himself to the emergency department due to abdominal pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The patient’s vital signs revealed blood pressure of 84/53 mmHg, heart rate of 103 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, and temperature of 98.2 °F (36.7 °C). On physical examination, he was found to have dry oral mucosa with poor skin turgor, with diagnostics showing that he was in diabetic ketoacidosis after running out of insulin for 2 days. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit to receive a higher level of care. Unfortunately, due to difficulty of peripheral line placement, only a gauge-22 cannula was secured at the left dorsum of the hand. Efforts to replace the current peripheral line were unsuccessful, and a decision to perform a central vein cannulation via the internal jugular vein was made. This was futile as well due to volume depletion, prompting a subsequent right subclavian vein route attempt. The procedure inadvertently punctured the arterial circulation, leading to the catheter tip being visible at the level of the aorta on postprocedure X-ray. The subclavian line was immediately removed with no adverse consequences for the patient. A right femoral line was successfully placed, and continuous management of the diabetic ketoacidosis ensued until normalization of the high anion gap was achieved.

Conclusion
Utilization of real-time ultrasound guidance via the subclavian approach could have allowed for direct visualization of needle insertion to the anatomical structures, guidewire location, and directionality, all of which can lead to decreased complications and improved cannulation success compared with the landmark technique. A leftward direction of the catheter seen on postprocedural X-rays should raise high suspicion of inadvertent catheter placement and immediate correction. This complication should have been prevented if ultrasound guidance had been used.
Weak and strong type estimates for multilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators on differential forms
Authors: Li Xuexin , Xing Yuming , Niu Jinling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we define the multilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators on differential forms and prove the end-point weak type boundedness of the operators. Based on nonhomogeneous A-harmonic tensor, the Poincaré-type inequalities for multilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators on differential forms are obtained.
A U.S. survey of pre-operative carbohydrate-containing beverage use in colorectal enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs
Authors: Singh Sunitha M. , Liverpool Asha , Romeiser Jamie L. , Miller Joshua D. , Thacker Julie , Gan Tong J. , Bennett-Guerrero Elliott 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Carbohydrate-containing drinks (CCD) are administered preoperatively in most enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs. It is not known which types of CCDs are used, e.g., simple vs. complex carbohydrate, and if the choice of drink differs in patients with diabetes.

Methods
A national survey was performed to characterize the use of preoperative CCDs within the context of adult colorectal ERAS programs. The survey had questions regarding the use of preoperative CCDs, the types of beverages used, and the timing of beverage administration. The survey was administered electronically to members of the American Society for Enhanced Recovery (ASER) and manually to participants at the 2018 Perioperative Quality and Enhanced Recovery Conference in San Francisco, CA.

Results
Responses were received from 78 unique hospitals with a colorectal ERAS program of which 68 (87.2%) reported administering a preoperative drink. Of these, 98.5%, 80.9%, and 60.3% of hospitals administered a beverage to patients without diabetes, patients with diabetes not taking insulin, and patients with diabetes taking insulin, respectively. Surprisingly, one third of programs that administered a beverage to patients with diabetes used a simple carbohydrate drink.

Conclusions
This survey finds a high use of CHO-containing beverages in colorectal ERAS programs. More than half of all programs administer a CHO-containing beverage to patients with diabetes, and surprisingly, there is significant use of simple carbohydrate beverages in patients with diabetes receiving insulin.
Association between phosphate disturbances and mortality among critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock
Authors: Al Harbi Shmeylan A. , Al-Dorzi Hasan M. , Al Meshari Albatool M. , Tamim Hani , Abdukahil Sheryl Ann I. , Sadat Musharaf , Arabi Yaseen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study is to examine the association of hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia on the first day of ICU admission with mortality in septic critically ill patients.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, all adult patients who were admitted to the medical-surgical ICUs between 2014 and 2017 with sepsis or septic shock were categorized as having hypophosphatemia, normophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia based on day 1 serum phosphate values. We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes between the three groups. We used multivariate analysis to examine the association of hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia with these outcomes.

Results
Of the 1422 patients enrolled in the study, 188 (13%) had hypophosphatemia, 865 (61%) normophosphatemia and 369 (26%) had hyperphosphatemia. The patients in the hyperphosphatemia group had significantly lower GCS, higher APACHE II scores, higher serum creatinine, increased use of vasopressors, and required more mechanical ventilation with lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio compared with the other two groups. In addition, the hyperphosphatemia group showed significantly higher ICU and hospital mortality in comparison with the other two groups.

Conclusion
Hyperphosphatemia and not hypophosphatemia on the first ICU admission day was associated with an increase in the ICU and hospital mortality in septic critically ill patients.
Protective role of Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Du Roi in diabetes, hyperlipidemia, liver and kidney dysfunction in alloxan diabetic rats
Authors: Sundus Saima , Hira Khan , Sohail Nida , Habiba  , Tariq Amna , Ara Jehan , Sultana Viqar , Ehteshamul-Haque Syed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM), an endocrine disease is characterized by increased level of blood glucose. Diabetes may affect other functions of the body and organs including, renal function and lipid metabolism. Pandanus tectorius (P. tectorius) Parkinson ex Du Roi is a small tree used in folk medicine in treatment of many diseases.

Methods
Diabetes in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 3 days. Water and ethanol extracts of root, stem and leave of P. tectorius were given to rats at 200 mg/kg body weight at day 3. Rats were sacrificed on day 4 after 12 h fasting. Serum glucose and other biochemical parameters like liver enzymes; [alanine aminotransferases (ALT), aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)], kidney parameters (urea & creatinine), lipid profile [total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides] and coronary artery risk index (CRI) were estimated in blood serum. Antioxidant potential, polyphenol content and phytochemical constituents in different parts of P. tectorius were also determined.

Results
Results showed that water extract of stem and ethanol extract of root of P. tectorius produced maximum fall in sugar level of alloxan diabetic rats. Extracts of all three plant parts significantly dropped the increased level of urea and creatinine with maximum reduction in creatinine was observed by water extract of root. P.tectorius extracts showed positive effect on liver enzymes and lipid profile by bringing them closer to normal range in comparison to alloxan diabetic control rats. Phytochemical screening indicated presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponin in P. tectorius. In DPPH free radical scavenging test the highest antioxidant potential was found in water extract of roots, while ethanol extract of stem also showed good activity.

Conclusion
The study demonstrated that different parts of P.tectorius have potential to attenuate diabetes and diabetes related complications like, liver, kidney dysfunction and lipid metabolism.
The comparison of epidemiological characteristics between confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases with COVID-19 during the early epidemic in Wuhan, China
Authors: Shi Fang , Wen Haoyu , Liu Rui , Bai Jianjun , Wang Fang , Mubarik Sumaira , Liu Xiaoxue , Yu Yong , Hong Qiumian , Cao Jinhong , Yu Chuanhua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
To put COVID-19 patients into hospital timely, the clinical diagnosis had been implemented in Wuhan in the early epidemic. Here we compared the epidemiological characteristics of laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases with COVID-19 in Wuhan.

Methods
Demographics, case severity and outcomes of 29,886 confirmed cases and 21,960 clinically diagnosed cases reported between December 2019 and February 24, 2020, were compared. The risk factors were estimated, and the effective reproduction number (Rt) of SARS-CoV-2 was also calculated.

Results
The age and occupation distribution of confirmed cases and clinically diagnosed cases were consistent, and their sex ratio were 1.0 and 0.9, respectively. The epidemic curve of clinical diagnosis cases was similar to that of confirmed cases, and the city centers had more cumulative cases and higher incidence density than suburbs in both of two groups. The proportion of severe and critical cases (21.5 % vs. 14.0 %, P < 0.0001) and case fatality rates (5.2 % vs. 1.2 %, P < 0.0001) of confirmed cases were all higher than those of clinically diagnosed cases. Risk factors for death we observed in both of two groups were older age, male, severe or critical cases. Rt showed the same trend in two groups, it dropped below 1.0 on February 6 among confirmed cases, and February 8 among clinically diagnosed cases.

Conclusions
The demographic characteristics and spatiotemporal distributions of confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases are roughly similar, but the disease severity and clinical outcome of clinically diagnosed cases are better than those of confirmed cases. In cases when detection kits are insufficient during the early epidemic, the implementation of clinical diagnosis is necessary and effective.
Mental Health Around the Transition to First Birth: Does Medically Assisted Reproduction Matter?
Authors: Tosi Marco , Goisis Alice 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Previous research has shown that childbearing is associated with short-term improvements in women's subjective well-being but that these effects depend on the timing and quantum of the birth as well as on the parents' education and socioeconomic status. These studies did not address whether and, if so, how this effect varies according to the mode of conception. This represents an important knowledge gap, given that conceptions through medically assisted reproduction (MAR) have been increasing rapidly in recent decades, exceeding 5% of live births in some European countries. Drawing on nine waves (2009/2010–2017/2018) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study, we use distributed fixed-effects linear regression models to examine changes in women's mental health before, during, and after natural and MAR conceptions. The results show that the mental health of women who conceived naturally improved around the time of conception and then gradually returned to baseline levels; comparatively, the mental health of women who conceived through MAR declined in the year before pregnancy and then gradually recovered. The findings also indicate that women's happiness decreased both two years and one year before an MAR conception and then increased above the baseline in the year of pregnancy. We further show that the deterioration in mental health and subjective well-being before an MAR conception affects both partners, which could be part of a longer process in which the partners potentially suffer from stress related not solely to the MAR treatments themselves but also to the experience of subfertility.
Spectral detector CT applications in advanced liver imaging
Authors: Majeed Noor Fatima , Braschi Amirfarzan Marta , Wald Christoph , Wortman Jeremy R 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
Spectral detector CT (SDCT) has many applications in advanced liver imaging. If appropriately utilized, this technology has the potential to improve image quality, provide new diagnostic information, and allow for decreased radiation dose. The purpose of this review is to familiarize radiologists with the uses of SDCT in liver imaging.

Conclusion:
SDCT has a variety of post-processing techniques, which can be used in advanced liver imaging and can significantly add value in clinical practice.
Keramik und Knochen aus frühtiberischer Zeit
Authors: Ackermann Regula , Winet Ines 
Published: May 2021

Gegenstand der Arbeit ist eine mit Abfall verfüllte Grube auf dem Basler Münsterhügel, die im Rahmen der archäologischen Untersuchungen beim Bau der Fernheizungsleitung 1978 teilweise ausgegraben wurde. Sie barg ein interessantes Fundensemble aus frühtiberischer Zeit.
Sowohl Knochen als auch Keramik waren sehr gut erhalten und die Grube wurde wahrscheinlich innerhalb einer kurzen Zeit verfüllt. Die archäozoologische Auswertung zeigt zudem, dass die Knochen als Speiseabfälle in die Grube gelangten. Anhand des Abfalls aus dieser Grube kann eine stark romanisierte, sozial besser gestellte Gesellschaftsgruppe gefasst werden.
Psychological distress and quality of life following provision of vascular imaging results of the coronary and carotid arteries to asymptomatic adults: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Anokye Reindolf , Jackson Ben , Dimmock James , Dickson Joanne M. , Blekkenhorst Lauren C. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Lewis Joshua R. , Stanley Mandy 
Published: May 2021

Background: Non-invasive screening for atherosclerosis or asymptomatic cardiovascular disease of the coronary and carotid arteries is commonly undertaken, and research has been focussed on how results from these screenings lead to behaviour change. However, no review has focused on the effects of these results on psychological distress and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This protocol will outline how a scoping review will be conducted to map all available evidence on psychological distress and/or HRQoL outcomes following the provision of vascular imaging results of the coronary and carotid arteries. Methods: Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework subsequently enhanced by Levac et al. (2010) and Peters et al (2015, 2017) will guide the scoping review. Databases such as MEDLINE (Clarivate), APA PsychINFO, EMBASE, Social Work Abstracts, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) will be searched using MeSH terms such as "Coronary stenosis", "Carotid Stenosis", "Psychological Distress" and "Quality of Life" and related terms. Two investigators will screen title and abstract and all articles meeting inclusion criteria will be extracted. Data on authors, publication year, country of origin, aims/purpose, methodology, intervention, outcome measures as well as key findings that relate to the scoping review questions will be extracted for each included study. The findings will be presented using tables and thematic narrative synthesis. The scoping review will not produce a pooled estimate of the impact of vascular imaging results on psychological distress and HRQoL but will present information from the included studies related to psychological distress and HRQoL. Conclusion: The review will highlight and address gaps in knowledge and provide direction for future investigations.