bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated measurement of iris surface smoothness using anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Zarei Mohammad , Mahmoudi Tahereh , Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Mousavi Behnam , Ebrahimiadib Nazanin , Yaseri Mehdi , Khalili Pour Elias , Arabalibeik Hossein 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFuchs uveitis (FU) is a chronic and often unilateral ocular inflammation and characteristic iris atrophic changes, other than heterochromia, are common in FU and are key to the correct diagnosis in many cases. With the advent of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), some investigators attempted to quantitatively study these atrophic changes; mostly by introducing various methods to measure iris thickness in AS-OCT images. We aimed to present an automated method in an observational case series to measure the smoothness index (SI) of the iris surface in AS-OCT images. The ratio of the length of the straight line connecting the most peripheral and central points of the anterior iris border (in nasal and temporal sides) to the actual length of this border on AS-OCT images, was defined as SI. In a uveitis referral center, twenty-two eyes of 11 patients with unilateral Fuchs uveitis (FU) (7 female) and 22 eyes of 11 healthy control subjects underwent AS-OCT imaging. Image J and a newly developed MATLAB algorithm were used for manual and automated SI measurements, respectively. Agreement between manual and automated measurements was evaluated with Bland–Altman analysis and interclass correlation coefficient. The inter-eye difference of SI was compared between the FU group and the control group. Automated mean overall SI was 0.868 ± 0.037 and 0.840 ± 0.039 in FU and healthy fellow eyes, respectively (estimated mean difference =  − 0.028, 95% CI [− 0.038, − 0.018], p < 0.001). Bland- Altman plots showed good agreement between two methods in both healthy and FU eyes. The interclass correlation coefficient between the manual and automated measurements in the FU and healthy fellow eyes was 0.958 and 0.964, respectively. The inter-eye difference of overall SI was 0.029 ± 0.015 and 0.012 ± 0.008 in FU group and control group, respectively (p = 0.01). We concluded that the automated algorithm can rapidly and conveniently measure SI with results comparable to the manual method.
Application of Three-dimensional Visualization Fused with Ultrasound for Percutaneous Renal Puncture
Authors: Xu Zhibin , Li Zhenchi , Guo MaoMao , Bian Hao , Niu Tianli , Wang Jiangping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present here the three-dimensional (3D) visualization fused with ultrasound and to evaluate its clinical application effect preliminarily. One hundred and eighteen patients with renal calculi in our hospital from September 2017 to December 2019 were prospectively randomized into two groups. The experimental group was treated with percutaneous renal puncture guided by the 3D visualization fused with ultrasound. The control group was treated with percutaneous renal puncture guided by B-ultrasonography (B-US). The puncture time in the experimental versus control group was 4.36 ± 1.28 min versus 10.72 ± 2.94 min (P = 0.000), operation time was 65.85 ± 10.63 min versus 81.34 ± 12.52 min (P = 0.000), and the loss of hemoglobin was 8.55 ± 3.76 g/L min versus 13.33 ± 5.81 g/L(P = 0.000), and the success rate of establishing the channel at one time was 98.41% versus 81.82% (P = 0.002), and the coincidence rate between the channel and the longitudinal axis of the target renal calyx was 88.89% versus 60.00% (P = 0.000). The 3D visualization fused with ultrasound could guide precise puncture to target calyces, reduce operation time, bleeding, and difficulty of puncture.
Anterior neck soft tissue measurements on computed tomography to predict difficult laryngoscopy: a retrospective study
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Min Nar Hyun , Lee Jong Seok , Lee Wootaek , Kim Do-Hyeong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPredicting difficult laryngoscopy is an essential component of the airway management. We aimed to evaluate the use of anterior neck soft tissue measurements on computed tomography for predicting difficult laryngoscopy and to present a clear measurement protocol. In this retrospective study, 281 adult patients whose tracheas were intubated using a direct laryngoscope for thyroidectomy were enrolled. On computed tomography, the distances from the midpoint of the thyrohyoid membrane to the closest concave point of the vallecular (membrane-to-vallecula distance; dMV), and to the most distant point of the epiglottis (membrane-to-epiglottis distance; dME) were measured, respectively. The extended distances straight to the skin anterior from the dMV and dME were called the skin-to-vallecula distance (dSV) and skin-to-epiglottis distance (dSE), respectively. Difficult laryngoscopy was defined by a Cormack-Lehane grade of > 2. Difficult laryngoscopy occurred in 40 (14%) cases. Among four indices, the dMV showed the highest prediction ability for difficult laryngoscopy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.884 (95% confidence interval 0.841–0.919, P < 0.001). The optimal dMV cut-off value for predicting difficult laryngoscopy was 2.33 cm (sensitivity 75.0%; specificity 93.8%). The current study provides novel evidence that increased dMV is a potential predictive indicator of difficult laryngoscopy.
Cystotomy with or without fibrinogen clot removal for refractory cystoid macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Yamada Hiroko , Imai Hisanori , Tetsumoto Akira , Hayashida Mayuka , Otsuka Keiko , Miki Akiko , Kusuhara Sentaro , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo demonstrate the long-term effect of cystotomy with or without fibrinogen clot removal for treatment-resistant cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Retrospective clinical study. We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 22 eyes of 22 patients with treatment-resistant CME secondary to BRVO with 12 months observation after cystotomy with or without fibrinogen clot removal. Patients included 11 women and 11 men. The mean ± SD age was 72.7 ± 10.2 years. LogMAR-converted best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was statistically better at 12 months after surgery (0.30 ± 0.30) than preoperative BCVA (0.39 ± 0.27) (p = 0.01). The central sensitivity of microperimetry (dB) was maintained during follow-up (preoperative sensitivity: 25.4 ± 4.1, postoperative sensitivity at 12 months after the surgery: 25.9 ± 4.2, p = 0.69). Twelve months after surgery, there was a significant improvement in the central retinal thickness (CRT) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) (303.7 ± 80.1) (μm) compared with the preoperative CRT (524.2 ± 114.8) (p < 0.01). In 12 months, CME recurred in 3 of 22 eyes. The preoperative reflectivity in cystoid cavity on OCT was significantly higher in patients with fibrinogen clot removal (n = 5) than in patients without fibrinogen clot removal (n = 17) (p < 0.01). For treatment-resistant CME secondary to BRVO, Cystotomy with or without fibrinogen clot removal may be one of the treatment options.
Amplified spontaneous emission in thin films of quasi-2D BA3MA3Pb5Br16 lead halide perovskites
Authors: De Giorgi Maria Luisa , Cretì Arianna , La-Placa Maria-Grazia , Boix Pablo P. , Bolink Henk J. , Lomascolo Mauro , Anni Marco 
Published: April 2021

Energy level scheme of multilayered quasi-2D BA3MA3Pb5Br16 films as a function of temperature.
FOXP4-AS1 is a favorable prognostic-related enhancer RNA in ovarian cancer
Authors: Hua Tian , Tian Yun-jie , Wang Rui-min , Zhao Cai-fen , Kong Yun-hong , Tian Rui-qing , Wang Wei , Ma Li-xia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OV) is the main cause of deaths worldwide in female reproductive system malignancies. Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are derived from the transcription of enhancers and has attracted increasing attention in cancers recently. However, the biological functions and clinical significance of eRNAs in OV have not been well described presently. We used an integrated data analysis to identify prognostic-related eRNAs in OV. Tissue-specific enhancer-derived RNAs and their regulating genes were considered as putative eRNA–target pairs using the computational pipeline PreSTIGE. Gene expression profiles and clinical data of OV and 32 other cancer types were obtained from the UCSC Xena platform. Altogether, 71 eRNAs candidates showed significant correlation with overall survival (OS) of OV samples (Kaplan–Meier log-rank test, P&lt;0.05). Among which, 23 were determined to be correlated with their potential target genes (Spearman’s r &gt; 0.3, P&lt;0.001). It was found that among the 23 prognostic-related eRNAs, the expression of forkhead box P4 antisense RNA 1 (FOXP4-AS1) had the highest positive correlation with its predicted target gene FOXP4 (Spearman’s r = 0.61). Moreover, the results were further validated by RT-qPCR analysis in an independent OV cohort. Our results suggested the eRNA FOXP4-AS1 expression index may be a favorable independent prognostic biomarker candidate in OV.
An Evaluation of Simulation Techniques in Audiology and Allied Health Professions
Authors: Andre Alexandra , Reed Amanda , Ananthakrishnan Saradha , Korczak Peggy 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the experiences and opinions of clinical educators from various allied health care fields, including audiology, related to the use of simulation as a teaching technique and determine the status of clinical simulation techniques in training audiology graduate students nationwide.

Method
An interview was conducted with nine faculty members in the College of Health Professions at Towson University to discuss advantages and challenges of incorporating clinical simulation techniques into student learning. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview responses. Additionally, a web-based questionnaire was sent to all audiology graduate program directors nationwide, yielding a response rate of 63%. These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results
Interview responses revealed a number of benefits and barriers related to simulation use at the graduate level. Benefits included its use as a learning tool, a quality control measure, and an aid in professional development. It also increases students' confidence levels in clinical procedures and counseling skills and exposes them to a variety of clinical pathologies not routinely seen. Barriers included lack of training with simulators, lack of funding to purchase simulator technology, and lack of resources, such as time and space. At present, only 50% of audiology program directors reported using clinical simulation to train their students.

Conclusions
The field of audiology is embracing simulation techniques in training its preprofessional work force. To date, there has been limited guidance from professional organizations regarding the role of simulation in audiology. Additional assistance focusing on best practices for these techniques is warranted.
Measuring the masses and radii of neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries: Effects of the atmospheric composition and touchdown radius
Authors: Kim Myungkuk , Kim Young-Min , Sung Kwang Hyun , Lee Chang-Hwan , Kwak Kyujin 
Published: April 2021

Context. X-ray bursts (XRBs) are energetic explosive events that have been observed in low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). Some Type-I XRBs exhibit photospheric radius expansion (PRE) and these PRE XRBs are used to simultaneously estimate the mass and the radius of a neutron star in LMXB.
Aims. The mass and radius estimation depends on several model parameters, most of which are still uncertain. Here, we focus on the effects of the chemical composition of the photosphere, which determines the opacity during the PRE phase, and the touchdown radius, which can be larger than the neutron star radius. We investigate how these two model parameters affect the mass and radius estimation in a systematic way and whether there is any statistical trend for these two parameters as well as whether there is a possible correlation between them.
Methods. We used both a Monte Carlo (MC) sampling and a Bayesian analysis to examine the effects of the photospheric composition and the touchdown radius. We applied these two methods to six LMXBs exhibiting PRE XRBs. With both methods, we solved the Eddington flux equation and the apparent angular area equation, both of which include the correction terms. For the MC sampling, we developed an iterative method in order to solve these two equations more efficiently.
Results. We confirm that the effects of the photospheric composition and the touchdown radius are similar in the statistical and analytical estimation of mass and radius, even when the correction terms are considered. Furthermore, in all of the six sources, we find that a H-poor photosphere and a large touchdown radius are favored statistically regardless of the statistical method. Our Bayesian analysis also hints that touchdown can occur farther from the neutron star surface when the photosphere is more H-poor. This correlation could be qualitatively understood with the Eddington flux equation. We propose a physical explanation for this correlation between the photospheric composition and the touchdown radius. Our results show that when accounting for the uncertainties of the photospheric composition and the touchdown radius, it is most likely that the radii of the neutron stars in these six LMXBs are less than 12.5 km. This value is similar to that of the bounds placed on the neutron star radius based on the tidal deformability measured from the gravitational wave signal.
Magnetic and tidal migration of close-in planets
Authors: Ahuir J. , Strugarek A. , Brun A.-S. , Mathis S. 
Published: April 2021

Context.Over the last two decades, a large population of close-in planets has been detected around a wide variety of host stars. Such exoplanets are likely to undergo planetary migration through magnetic and tidal interactions.Aims.We aim to follow the orbital evolution of a planet along the structural and rotational evolution of its host star, simultaneously taking into account tidal and magnetic torques, in order to explain some properties of the distribution of observed close-in planets.Methods.We rely on a numerical model of a coplanar circular star–planet system called ESPEM, which takes into account stellar structural changes, wind braking, and star–planet interactions. We browse the parameter space of the star–planet system configurations and assess the relative influence of magnetic and tidal torques on its secular evolution. We then synthesize star–planet populations and compare their distribution in orbital and stellar rotation periods toKeplersatellite data.Results.Magnetic and tidal interactions act together on planetary migration and stellar rotation. Furthermore, both interactions can dominate secular evolution depending on the initial configuration of the system and the evolutionary phase considered. Indeed, tidal effects tend to dominate for high stellar and planetary masses as well as low semi-major axis; they also govern the evolution of planets orbiting fast rotators while slower rotators evolve essentially through magnetic interactions. Moreover, three populations of star–planet systems emerge from the combined action of both kinds of interactions. First, systems undergoing negligible migration define an area of influence of star–planet interactions. For sufficiently large planetary magnetic fields, the magnetic torque determines the extension of this region. Next, planets close to fast rotators migrate efficiently during the pre-main sequence, which engenders a depleted region at low rotation and orbital periods. Then, the migration of planets close to slower rotators, which happens during the main sequence, may lead to a break in gyrochronology for high stellar and planetary masses. This also creates a region at high rotation periods and low orbital periods not populated by star–planet systems. We also find that star–planet interactions significantly impact the global distribution in orbital periods by depleting more planets for higher planetary masses and planetary magnetic fields. However, the global distribution in stellar rotation periods is marginally affected, as around 0.5% of G-type stars and 0.1% of K-type stars may spin up because of planetary engulfment. More precisely, star–planet magnetic interactions significantly affect the distribution of super-Earths around stars with a rotation period higher than around 5 days, which improves the agreement between synthetic populations and observations at orbital periods of less than 1 day. Tidal effects for their part shape the distribution of giant planets.
Die moderne Orthokeratologie – scharf sehen über
Nacht
Authors: Ring-Mangold Theresia , Emminger Ralf 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungOhne Sehhilfe durchs Leben zu gehen – ein durchaus realistischer Traum. In der
Liga der refraktiven Korrekturoptionen spielt die Orthokeratologie ihre sehr
eigene Rolle. Das Prinzip: Eine hoch gaspermeable, formstabile Kontaktlinse, die
nachts während des Schlafs getragen wird, verändert durch ihre spezielle
Geometrie die Radien der Cornea reversibel in genau der Art und Weise, dass die
Refraktion des Auges tagsüber unkorrigiert der Emmetropie nahekommt.
Extraction and Fractionation Effects on Antiplasmodial Activity and Phytochemical Composition of Palicourea hoffmannseggiana
Authors: Ohashi Leticia Hiromi , Gontijo Douglas Costa , Nascimento Maria Fernanda Alves do , Margalho Luciano Ferreira , Brandão Geraldo Célio , Oliveira Alaíde Braga de 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present study on Palicourea hoffmannseggiana, which was collected at Marapanim, state of Pará, Brazil, comprises the preparation of different stem and leaf extracts and fractions. Ethanol, hydroethanol, and water extracts were prepared by several methods and evaluated for in vitro activity against resistant Plasmodium falciparum (W2 strain), disclosing a low parasite growth inhibition effect (< 50%). Dereplication by UPLC-DAD-ESI−MS of the leaf ethanol extract showed the presence of two known alkaloids, lyalosidic and strictosidinic acids, along with a sinapoyl ester of lyalosidic acid, with m/z 719.33 [M+H]+, which is possibly a new monoterpene indole alkaloid representative. Sequential liquid-liquid acid-base alkaloid separations from the leaf ethanol extract as well as directly from leaf powder afforded fractions of increased parasite growth inhibition, reaching up to 92.5±0.7%. The most bioactive fractions were shown to contain the β-carboline alkaloids harmane and 4-methyl-β-carboline, along with N-methyl-tryptamine and N-acetyl-tryptamine, while monoterpene indole alkaloids were detected in inactive fractions of these processes. The present results demonstrate that these preliminary fractionation methods can lead to significantly active fractions supporting an adequate scale-up to carrying out the isolation of anti-plasmodial compounds.
Triterpene Profiling of Neem Exudate (Toddy) Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS and
its Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Biswal Ranendra Pratap , Patnana Durga Prasad , Pulukool Sujith Kumar , Sivaramakrishnan Venketesh , Pargaonkar Ashish , Dandamudi Rajesh Babu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeem tree (Azadirachta indica) is one of the richest sources of
secondary metabolites. More than 250 natural products have been
characterized from various parts of the neem tree. These include
diterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, coumarins, hydrocarbons,
and fatty acids. Many of these products possess therapeutic properties. Neem
exudate or toddy is a milky white liquid with a strong smell secreted from
the angle between the 2 main branches of old trees. Profiling of neem toddy
for the presence of active metabolites was done by an in-house database
using UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Fifty-seven metabolites were identified from the full
scan of electrospray ionization positive and negative mode from the neem
toddy extract by using UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Further confirmation of 31 of these
metabolites was done by obtaining MS/MS spectrum from UHPLC-QTOF-MS.
Principal component analysis study of metabolites from neem toddy with
leaves, seed, seed coat, and bark revealed that they are closely related to
those contained in neem seeds and seed coats. Azadirachtin, nimbidiol,
22,23-dihydroazadirachtin, nimbonone, nimbonolone, nimosone, and
6-deacetylnimbinene were found to be some of the most abundant metabolites
in neem toddy. The neem toddy extract showed significant anti-inflammatory
activity when tested in N9 murine microglial cells with 25 ng of recombinant
mouse tumor necrosis factor alpha protein (active) using qRT-PCR. The active
metabolites in neem toddy could be further explored for their therapeutic
potentials.
Crosslinking und Keratokonus
Authors: Lang Stefan J. , Maier Philip , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEin Keratokonus führt zu einer progressiven Vorwölbung und Verdünnung der Hornhaut. Um dies aufzuhalten, kann ein Crosslinking durchgeführt werden. Dabei ist eine Behandlung nach dem „Dresdener Protokoll“ eine effektive und sichere Behandlungsmöglichkeit, aber auch zahlreiche neue Anwendungsprotokolle (akzeleriertes Crosslinking, transepitheliales Crosslinking) und sogar weitere Indikationen (refraktive Eingriffe, infektiöse Keratitis) wurden in den letzten Jahren veröffentlicht.
Die moderne Orthokeratologie – scharf sehen über Nacht
Authors: Ring-Mangold Theresia , Emminger Ralf 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungOhne Sehhilfe durchs Leben zu gehen – ein durchaus realistischer Traum. In der Liga der refraktiven Korrekturoptionen spielt die Orthokeratologie ihre sehr eigene Rolle. Das Prinzip: Eine hoch gaspermeable, formstabile Kontaktlinse, die nachts während des Schlafs getragen wird, verändert durch ihre spezielle Geometrie die Radien der Cornea reversibel in genau der Art und Weise, dass die Refraktion des Auges tagsüber unkorrigiert der Emmetropie nahekommt.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Arylation Using Organoboron Reagents
Authors: Maiti Debabrata , Basak Sumon , Biswas Jyoti Prasad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAryl rings are ubiquitous in the core of numerous natural product and industrially important molecules and thus their facile synthesis is of major interest in the scientific community and industry. Although multiple strategies enable access to these skeletons, metal-catalyzed C–H activation is promising due to its remarkable efficiency. Commercially available organoboron reagents, a prominent arylating partner in the cross-coupling domain, have also been utilized for direct arylation. Organoborons are bench-stable, inexpensive, and readily available coupling partners that promise regioselectivity, chemodivergence, cost-efficiency, and atom-economy without requiring harsh and forcing conditions. This critical, short review presents a summary of all major studies of arylation using organoborons in transition-metal catalysis since 2005.1	Introduction2	Arylation without Directing Group Assistance2.1	Palladium Catalysis2.2	Iron Catalysis2.3	Gold Catalysis3	Arylation with Directing Group Assistance3.1	Palladium Catalysis3.2	Ruthenium Catalysis3.3	Rhodium Catalysis3.4	Nickel Catalysis3.5	Cobalt Catalysis3.6	Copper Catalysis4	Conclusion