bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gonotyping of non-polio enteroviruses associated with acute flaccid paralysis in Thailand in 2013 and 2014
Authors: Onvimala Napa , Kosoltanapiwat Nathamon , Pumirat Pornpan , Vanaporn Muthita , Nimmanitya Suchitra , Tacharoenmuang Ratana , Guntapong Ratigorn , Leaungwutiwong Pornsawan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance was conducted as part of the World Health Organization’s strategy for completely eradicating poliomyelitis and leaving non-polio enteroviruses NPEVs as one of the main potential causes of AFP. We aimed to detect NPEV in association with AFP.Methods We used 459 isolates reported to be Negative Polio and some NPEVs by the World Health Organization Polio Regional Reference Laboratory (Thailand), which had been obtained during polio surveillance programmes conducted in Thailand in 2013–2014. Of 459 isolates, 35 belonged to the genus Enterovirus by RT-PCR and genotyping by DNA sequencing.Results This study found 17 NPEV genotypes, with 3, 13 and 1 belonging to enterovirus (EV) species A (EV-A), EV-B, and EV-C, respectively. The EV-A types identified included coxsackievirus A2 (CA2), CA4, and EV71, typically associated with hand, foot and mouth diseases. EV-B is the most prevalent cause of AFP in Thailand, while CA21 was the only type of EV-C detected. The EV-B species (13/35; 76.5%) constituted the largest proportion of isolates, followed by EV-A (3/35; 17.6%) and EV-C (1/35; 5.9%). For the EV-B species, Echovirus (E) 30 and CVB were the most frequent isolates. E30, CVB, E14, and E6 were considered endemic strains.Conclusion NPEVs, e.g. CA4, are reported for the first time in Thailand. Despite some limitations to this study, this is the first report on the circulation patterns of NPEVs associated with AFP in Thailand. AFP surveillance has unearthed many unknown NPEVs and, the cases of death due to AFP occur annually. Therefore, it is important to study NPEVs in the wake of the eradication of poliovirus in the context of the continued incidence of paralysis.
Construction of Structural Geological Model using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Xavier Bruna Catarino , Egydio-Silva Marcos , Sadowski Robert , Silva Bruno , Takara Victor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To optimize the prediction of structural geological conditions in the underground as of data collected at the surface, due to the usual great uncertainties involved, we discuss new perspectives for the construction of structural geological models, bearing in mind the common doubts involved and their implications in the safety of infrastructure works, mining, etc. This paper presents a statistical simulation applied to structural geological measures (dip-dip direction) obtained from schists during the design and construction of civil works through a correlation between surface data with different depth levels. Angular structural geological measures of joints and foliations converted in direction cosines were subjected to the PERMANOVA test to verify the amplitude of differences at different depth levels. The asymptotic results allowed to determine regions of confidence built around centroids through statistical simulation, allowable consistency was considered in regions where the differences in the simulated values were small enough from a practical point of view, taking into account that the difference between joint structures and foliation structures is smaller in the former. The foliation is a characteristic structure of rock deformation just like the joints.
The combinatorial analysis of n-gram dictionaries, coverage and information entropy based on the web corpus of English
Authors: Malashina Anastasia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We research n-gram dictionaries and estimate its coverage and entropy based on the web corpus of English. We consider a method for estimating the coverage of empirically generated dictionaries and an approach to address the disadvantage of low coverage. Based on the ideas of Kolmogorov’s combinatorial approach, we estimate the n-gram entropy of the English language and use mathematical extrapolation to approximate the marginal entropy. In addition, we approximate the number of all possible legal n-grams in the English language for large order of n-grams.
The People’s Trial: Supporting the Public’s Understanding of Randomised Trials.
Authors: Finucane Elaine , O’Brien Ann , Treweek Shaun , Newell John , Das Kishor , Chapman Sarah , Wicks Paul , Galvin Sandra , Healy Patricia , Biesty Linda , Gillies Katie , Noel-Storr Anna , Gardner Heidi , O’Reilly Mary Frances , Devane Declan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRandomised trials are considered the gold standard in providing robust evidence on the effectiveness of interventions. However, there are relatively few initiatives to help increase public understanding of what randomised trials are and why they are important. This limits the overall acceptance of and public participation in clinical trials. The People’s Trial aims to help the public learn about randomised trials, to understand why they matter, and to be better equipped to think critically about health claims. MethodsUsing a reflexive approach, we describe the processes of development, conduct and dissemination of The People’s Trial. ResultsOver 3000 members of the public, from 72 countries, participated in The People’s Trial. Through a series of online surveys, the public chose the question The People’s Trial would try to answer and decided the components of the trial question. In December 2019, 991 participants were recruited to a trial to answer the question identified and prioritised by the public, i.e., ‘Does reading a book in bed make a difference to sleep in comparison to not reading a book in bed?’ We called this trial The Reading Trial.We report processes of The People’s Trial in seven phases, paralleling the steps of a randomised trial, i.e., question identification and prioritisation, recruitment, randomisation, trial conduct, data analysis, and sharing of findings. We describe the decisions we made, the processes we used, the challenges we encountered, and the lessons we learned. ConclusionThe People’s trial engaged members of the public successfully in the design, conduct, and dissemination of a randomised trial demonstrating the potential for such initiatives to help the public learn about randomised trials, to understand why they matter, and to be better equipped to think critically about health claims. Trial Registration The Reading Trial was registered 4th December 2019 on ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT04185818.
Stability Over Time Of High Incidence Bladder Cancer In An Industrialized Area In North-Eastern Spain. A Longitudinal Study In A Region Of 400,000 Inhabitants.
Authors: Caballero José María , Perez-Marquez Meritxell , Gili Jose M. , Pereira Juan Camilo , Gomáriz Alba , Castillo Carlos , Martin-Baranera Montserrat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To study whether the incidence of bladder cancer in an industrialized area in ​​North-Eastern Spain remains as high as in the nineties.Methods: Patients diagnosed with histologically confirmed primary bladder cancer, during 2018-2019, in an area in North-Eastern Spain (430,883 inhabitants) were included. Crude incidence rates were estimated per 100,000 person-year based on the number of individuals getting their first diagnosis. Direct age-standardized incidence rates were calculated applying both the European and the World Standard Populations.Results: 295 patients were included (mean age 72.5±10.3 years; 89.8% men). The crude rate was 62.6 (95%CI:55.0-70.1) for men and 6.8 (95%CI:4.4-9.3) for women. The annual rate adjusted to the European Standard Population was 85.3 (95%CI:75.0-95.5) for men and 7.0 (95%CI:4.5-9.5) for women, and adjusted to the World Standard Population, 31.7 (95%CI:27.9-35.5) and 2.9 (95%CI:1.8-3.9) respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of bladder cancer in this area in ​​North-Eastern Spain is one of the highest in men and one of the lowest in women, both in Europe and Worldwide. The decrease in the industrial activity has not led to a decrease in bladder cancer incidence. The heterogeneity of bladder cancer registries in terms of definition and inclusion criteria makes it difficult to compare results.
Azithromycin Oral Suspension in Prevention and Management of Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Parkhideh Sayeh , Zeraatkar Mohadeseh , Moradi Omid , Hajifathali Abbas , Mehdizadeh Mahshid , Ardakani Maria Tavakoli 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Azithromycin suspension on oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)Methods and material: The study was designed as a single-blind randomized controlled trial in Taleghani medical center affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran. Patients undergoing HSCT were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. Azithromycin suspension was administered twice daily for gargling for 30 seconds and swallow, on the first day of chemotherapy for patients in the intervention group. Graded Oral Mucositis (OM) occurrence based on National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) scale (grade 0 to 5) considered as the main outcome and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS:0-10) measured the severity of OM symptoms.Results: In a duration of fifteen months, 88 patients were randomly assigned and finally 70 patients were evaluable for study outcomes (randomized 1:1 to azithromycin versus no-azithromycin). The incidence and duration of the mucositis significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control. Azithromycin use was consistent with a lower rate of dryness (P<0.001), dysphagia (P<0.001), and loss of sense of taste (P<0.001). Also, in the intervention group, lower intensity of pain due to mucositis (P=0.01) and lower duration of mucositis were observed (p=0.045). No significant adverse drug reaction was observed in patients receiving azithromycin. Conclusion: Based on the result from this study Azithromycin suspension is an effective option in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced OM. Further study is needed to assess the effect of azithromycin and comparison with other therapeutic options.
Decadal changes of wintertime poleward heat and moisture transport associated with the amplified Arctic warming
Authors: Sang Xiaozhuo , Yang Xiu-Qun , Tao Lingfeng , Fang Jiabei , Sun Xuguang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Arctic warming, especially during winter, has been almost twice as large as the global average since the late 1990s, which is known as the Arctic amplification. Yet linkage between the amplified Arctic warming and the midlatitude change is still under debate. This study examines the decadal changes of wintertime poleward heat and moisture transports between two 18-yr epochs (1999–2016 and 1981–1998) with five atmospheric reanalyses. It is found that the wintertime Arctic warming induces an amplification of the high latitude stationary wave component of zonal wavenumber one but a weakening of the wavenumber two. These stationary wave changes enhance poleward heat and moisture transports, which are conducive to further Arctic warming and moistening, acting as a positive feedback onto the Arctic warming. Meanwhile, the Arctic warming reduces atmospheric baroclinicity and thus weakens synoptic eddy activities in the high latitudes. The decreased transient eddy activities reduce poleward heat and moisture transports, which decrease the Arctic temperature and moisture, acting as a negative feedback onto the Arctic warming. The total poleward heat transport contributes little to the Arctic warming, since the increased poleward heat transport by stationary waves is nearly canceled by the decreased transport by transient eddies. However, the total poleward moisture transport increases over most areas of the high latitudes that is dominated by the increased transport by stationary waves, which provides a significant net positive feedback onto the Arctic warming and moistening. Such a poleward moisture transport feedback may be particularly crucial to the amplified Arctic warming during winter when the ice-albedo feedback vanishes.
Occurrence and distribution of ochratoxin A-producing fungi during post-harvest process of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Champion-Martínez Elena Isabel , González-Ríos Oscar , Noël Durand , Meile Jean-Christophe , Fernández Francisco José , Alter Pascaline , Montet Didier , Suarez-Quiroz Mirna Leonor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and OTA-producing fungi in cocoa beans has been previously reported to be linked to harvest and post-harvest treatment conditions. The aim of this study was to identify OTA-producing fungi during harvest, fermentation, drying and storage of cocoa beans from two farms located in the most important cocoa-producing region in Mexico, and their relationship with OTA levels of contamination. A high contamination of ochratoxigenic fungi was observed in drying (78.4 % ± 13.6) and storage (70.3 % ± 3.2) steps of cocoa samples from farm A. In farm B, the wash step of cocoa beans after fermentation reduced pulp residues and consequently the OTA-producing fungi infection during drying (12.7 % ± 5.8) and storage (37 % ± 10.4) steps were diminished. The main OTA-producing strain isolated from Malt Extract Agar (MEA) growth medium was Aspergillus carbonarius (14307.5 µg/kg). The presence of ochratoxigenic species was correlated to high levels of OTA measured in cocoa beans during storage in both farm A and B (304.6 ± 15.3 and 11.3 ± 0.5 µg/kg, respectively), and in fresh cocoa beans from farm B (22.2 ± 3.5 µg/kg). This study reports for the first time OTA content and ochratoxigenic species during cocoa process in Mexico. This allowed the identification and evaluation of the sanitary risks linked to Mexican cocoa production.
Intelligent Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis System using Cloud Centric Optimal Feature Subset Selection with Novel Data Classification Model
Authors: Arulanthu Pramila , Perumal Eswaran 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing offers diverse applications in the medicinal sector by the integration of sensing and therapeutic gadgets. Medical expenses are rising gradually and different new diseases also exist globally, it becomes essential to transform the healthcare facilities from a hospital to patient-centric platform. For providing effective remote healthcare services to patients, this paper introduces an optimal IoT and cloud based decision support system for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) diagnosis. The proposed method makes use of simulated annealing (SA) based feature selection (FS) with Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSProp) Optimizer based Logistic Regression (LR) model called SA-RMSPO-LR to classify the existence of CKD from medical data. The proposed model involves a set of four subprocesses, which include data collection, preprocessing, FS, and classification. The inclusion of SA for FS helps to improvise the classifier results of the SA-RMSPO-LR model. The effectiveness of the SA-RMSPO-LR model has been validated using a benchmark CKD dataset. The experimental results indicated that the proposed SA-RMSPO-LR model leads to effective CKD classification with the maximum sensitivity of 98.41%, specificity of 97.99%, accuracy of 98.25%, F-score of 98.60% and kappa value of 96.26%. The experimental outcome indicates that the proposed SA-RMSPO-LR model has the capability to detect and classify CKD over the compared methods proficiently.
Detection Prediction and Mapping of Chromium through QGIS and Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium by Modified Bio-Adsorbents: Kinetic and Adsorption study
Authors: Tripathi Shivam Mani , Chaurasia ShriRam , Sharma Pramod Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Toxicity due to the presence of heavy metals in ground and surface water due to the release of effluents from industries holds the potency to cause temporary or permanent damage to the living organisms in the near vicinity of these industries. This paper aims to assess the vulnerability of groundwater resources owing to its contamination in Banthar Industrial Area. Using DRASTIC model in combination with Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS), a groundwater vulnerability map was developed, which indicated that the dispersal of Chromium was in the range of 300–1000 µg/l. In order to study the impact of Chromium dispersion, the authors proposed a batch adsorption testing of the Hexavalent Chromium (Cr (VI)) using different bio-adsorbent materials, keeping a pH range of 3–9 and the contact time between 0–80 minutes. Adsorption isotherms and Kinetic studies were also considered. All adsorbents followed the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.986), whereas Temkin isotherm stated the affinity of the adsorbents for the Cr (VI). The reactions between Chromium and the bio-adsorbents were found to follow pseudo-second order kinetics, which indicated that the reactions were exothermic. The results proposed that a modification in the bio-adsorbents caused an enhancement in the percent adsorption of Cr (VI) in comparison to the natural available bio-adsorbents.
Online Supervised Versus Workplace Corrective Exercises for Upper Crossed Syndrome: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tajani Zohreh Yaghoubi , Gheitasi Mehdi , Bayattork Mohammad , Andersen Lars Louis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and ObjectiveMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) including upper crossed syndrome (UCS) are considered as the leading cause of work-related issues worldwide among office workers. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of workplace-based versus online-supervised home-based corrective exercises among office workers with UCS. Methods and DesignTo this end, 45 subjects within the age range of 30-45 years are randomly assigned to three groups in the present parallel-group, randomized control trial using a pretest-posttest design. These groups include the subjects who receive online-supervised exercise and work-place supervised exercise containing three sessions of intervention for eight weeks and the control group receives no intervention while performing routine activities. The primary outcome variables are neck-shoulder pain and sick-leave due to pain, followed by alignment, workability, and the surface electromyography of upper, middle, and lower trapezius (UT, MT, and LT), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and serratus anterior (SA) as the secondary variables.DiscussionThe present study seeks to assess the effect of work-place versus online-supervised corrective exercise interventions among 45 office workers suffering from UCS. It is expected to improve and reduce the related symptoms including postural malalignment and imbalance muscles after eight weeks of corrective exercises. If effective, the findings may lead to adherence and work performance among the office workers, and individuals subjected to UCS can use the benefits of an online-supervised intervention. In addition, the findings may be useful in different work-places as the evidence for employers to benefit from the reduction in the related costs and side effects of work-related neck-shoulder disorders including work disability, productivity loss, time expense, social insurance, work absenteeism, and treatment costs. Finally, clinicians and corrective exercise therapists can consider it as a clinical based-evidence intervention for their further actions. Trial registrationIRCT No. IRCT20200729048249N1 dated 2020.10.05 approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (https://en.irct.ir/user/trial/49992/view).
Impact of an Allied Health Prehabilitation Service for Haematologic Patients Receiving High Dose Chemotherapy in A Large Cancer Centre
Authors: Crowe Jessica , Francis Jill , Edbrooke Lara , Loeliger Jenelle , Joyce Trish , Prickett Christina , Martin Alicia , Khot Amit , Denehy Linda , Care The Centre for Prehabilitation and Peri-operative 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the impact of routine multidisciplinary allied health prehabilitation care in haematologic cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant (AuSCT).
Methods
In a tertiary cancer centre, 12-months of prospectively collected data was retrospectively analysed. Patients were referred to the service for individualised exercise prescription, nutrition intervention and, if indicated through screening, psychological intervention. Impact and operational success were investigated based on the RE-AIM framework: patient uptake of the service and sample representativeness (Reach); Effectiveness in terms of changes in outcomes from initial to pre-transplant assessment; Adoption of the service by key stakeholders; fidelity of the prescribed exercise program (Implementation); and the extent to which the service had become part of routine standard care (Maintenance).
Results
183 patients were referred to the AuSCT service, of whom 133 (73%) were referred into the prehabilitation service, 128 (96%) were eligible and 116 (91%) participated. Significant improvements were demonstrated between initial and pre-transplant assessments particularly six-minute walk distance (n = 45); mean difference (95% CI) 39.9m (18.8 to 61.0, p = < 0.005). Missing data were an issue for assessment of effectiveness. Fidelity of exercise prescription was moderate with 72% of eligible patients receiving the intended aerobic and resistance exercise interventions.
Conclusion
The prehabilitation service was well adopted by clinicians. Clinically relevant improvements in outcomes were demonstrated. Recommendations, including development of well-integrated discipline-specific assessment intervention and measurement protocols, are highlighted to improve the service. Prehabilitation should be routinely considered to support the care of patients undergoing AuSCT.
Algebraic Properties of Intuitionistic L-fuzzy Multiset Finite Automata
Authors: Wang Yongbing , Zhang Lixia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Algrbraic properties and structures of intuitionistic L -fuzzy multiset finite automata (ILFMA) are discussed through congruences on a semigroup in this paper. Firstly,we put forward the notion of the intuitionistic L -fuzzy compatible relation, the compatible monoid associated to the intuitionistic L- fuzzy compatible relation can be effectively constructed, and we construct two finite monoids through two different congruence relations on a given ILFMA, then we also prove that they are isomorphic. Furthermore, using the quotient structure of ILFMA, algebraic properties of intuitionistic L -fuzzy multiset transformation semigroup are discussed. According to intuitionistic L -admissible relation and homomorphism of ILFMA, we show that there is a bijective correspondence between an ILFMA and the quotient structure of another ILFMA.
Managing Water Supply and Demand to Achieve Economic and Environmental Objectives: Application of Mathematical Programming and ANFIS Models
Authors: Najafabadi Mostafa Mardani , Mirzaei Abbas , Azarm Hassan , Nikmehr Siyamak 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Integrated management of water supply and demand has been considered by many policymakers and due to its complexity, the decision makers have faced many challenges. In this study, we proposed an efficient framework for managing water supply and demand in line with the economic and environmental objectives of the basin. To design this framework, a combination of ANFIS and multi-objective augmented ε-constraint programming models and TOPSIS were used. First, using hydrological data from 2001 to 2017, the rate of water release from the dam reservoir was estimated with the ANFIS model; afterwards, its allocation to agricultural areas was performed by combining multi-objective augmented ε-constraint models and TOPSIS. To prove the reliability of the proposed model, the southern Karkheh basin in Khuzestan province, Iran, was considered as a case study. The results showed that this model is able to reduce irrigation water consumption and improve its economic productivity in the basin.