bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Intermittent Traveling Water Screen Operation on Fish Survival
Authors: Rackovan Jenna , Zottoli Joe , Amaral Stephen V. , Black Jonathan , McMahon Brian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s final rule for complying with section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act states that cooling water intakes withdrawing &gt;7.6 million liters per day must use one of seven alternatives to reduce fish impingement mortality. Fish-friendly traveling water screens (TWSs) are expected to be frequently utilized because of relative ease of retrofit. The final rule requires “continuous or near continuous screen rotation” to facilitate recovery of collected fish as soon as practical. However, intermittent TWS operation could be advantageous for operators because reductions in screen system operating time will extend equipment life and reduce operating costs. A laboratory evaluation was conducted with Golden Shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas, Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, and Common Carp Cyprinus carpio (42–106 mm TL) to determine whether intermittent rotation would optimize TWS operation and maintain biological performance. A preliminary evaluation was conducted with three approach velocities (0.30, 0.45, and 0.60 m/s) at four stationary screen durations (2, 4, 6, 12 h) in small test flumes to select parameters for a larger-scale evaluation. The full-scale evaluation tested two approach velocities (0.30 and 0.45 m/s) at two stationary durations (2 and 4 h at 0.45 m/s; 6 and 12 h at 0.30 m/s) and continuous screen operation. Fish avoided impingement at 0.30 m/s, and approach velocity was the primary determinant of survival probability, with increased velocity leading to increased mortality. Severe injuries occurred more frequently during stationary screen trials than with continuous operation; over 50% of fish had &gt;40% scale loss at 0.45 m/s for stationary trials. The results indicate that continuous rotation is optimal for fish survival at approach velocities between 0.30 and 0.45 m/s. However, intermittent operation at average approach velocities of 0.30 m/s or less may be acceptable for fishes with equal or greater swimming ability than those tested in this study.
Progenitor‐derived ribosomal RNA supports protein synthesis inDrosophilaneurons
Authors: Fee Jade , Aboukilila Mohamed , Cleary Michael D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobal mRNA translation may differ dramatically between progenitor cells and their differentiated progeny. One way cell type‐specific translation is established is through ribosome concentration. In addition to addressing unique metabolic needs, changes in ribosome concentration may influence cell fate. The mechanisms that determine ribosome abundance in progenitors versus differentiated progeny are not fully understood. Here, we investigated this process by focusing on ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis inDrosophilaneural progenitors and neurons. We found that rRNA synthesis is robust in neural progenitors but is limited in postmitotic neurons. Newly born neurons inherit rRNA from their progenitor parent and this inherited rRNA is sufficient for protein synthesis in neurons. Our findings support a model in which neuron‐specific translation programs are established by rRNA inheritance.Key PointsThis work links changes in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis, often assumed to be an invariant feature of cells, to neural differentiation.We describe a process of rRNA inheritance, where rRNA made in neural progenitors is passed to their progeny.We show that rRNA inheritance is sufficient for neural development and protein synthesis in neurons.
Relationships between adiposity distribution and metabolic health in preconception women in South Africa
Authors: Prioreschi Alessandra , Koethe John R. , Aronoff David M. , Goldstein Jeffrey A. , Norris Shane A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveAdipose tissue is a central regulator of metabolic health and a contributor to systemic inflammation. Patterns of adiposity deposition are important to understand for optimizing health. This study aimed to asses relationships between adiposity deposition and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in South African women prior to conception.MethodsNon‐pregnant, healthy women (n = 298) were recruited for this cross‐sectional study via home visits. Body composition was measured by Dual X‐ray Absorptiometry. Inflammation markers C‐reactive protein (CRP), alpha1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and blood pressure were scored according to risk. A summative metabolic health risk score was created for women with obesity. Generalized regression models assessed relationships between adiposity deposition and outcomes with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsObesity was present in 22% of women (mean age = 20.93 years). Fat mass index was associated with inflammation and metabolic health risk (β = 0.58; p < 0.01). Visceral fat, trunk:limb ratio, android:gynoid ratio, body mass index, weight, and waist circumference were positively associated with CRP, AGP, and metabolic health risk (p < 0.01). Weight was associated with Hba1c (β < 0.01; p < 0.05). Participants with obesity and low metabolic health risk had lower fat mass index and visceral fat than participants with obesity and higher metabolic health risk.ConclusionsBlack South African women accumulated excess adipose tissue in abdominal regions. While fat mass and body mass were associated with inflammation and metabolic health risk, women with obesity and with lower fat mass index and lower visceral adipose tissue were metabolically protected. Identification of women at risk for metabolic disease preconception could help ensure future healthy pregnancies and prevent transference of risk to offspring.
Should we connect children to nature in the Anthropocene?
Authors: Larson Brendon M. H. , Fischer Bob , Clayton Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo most conservationists and many parents, it seems obvious that it is a good thing to teach children to value the natural world. Not only does connection with nature support their development and well‐being, but it also supports ongoing efforts by humans to sustain the natural world.However, there are incontrovertible trends towards a diminution of the state of nature as a consequence of human activities.In this context, as a thought experiment, we address a rather grim question: Should we still encourage children to be connected to nature, to care for it and be concerned about it?We first consider the meaning of connection to nature in the Anthropocene, and then turn to a consideration of several ethical dimensions of this problem, including the potential trade‐off between well‐known health benefits of time in nature and the long‐term psychological impacts of loss of nature (e.g., ecological grief and solastalgia).While there is no simple answer to our question, our analysis does highlight underappreciated ethical dilemmas of the Anthropocene as well as the value of the local, urban forms of nature to which children around the world are increasingly exposed and engaging with in unprecedented ways.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A longitudinal investigation of posttraumatic growth and its associated factors among head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Hamdan Nur Amirah , Abd Hamid Norhaliza , Leong Bin Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesPosttraumatic growth (PTG) may improve well‐being among cancer survivors, but a longitudinal study addressing head and neck cancer (HNC) is lacking. This longitudinal study examined PTG trends and determined the associations of physical symptoms and complications, as well as sociodemographic and tumor characteristics on PTG over time among HNC survivors.MethodsParticipants completed the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer's “Quality of Life Questionnaire—Head and Neck 35” module (EORTC‐QLQ‐H&N‐35) and “Posttraumatic Growth Inventory—Short Form” (PTGI‐SF) during baseline (T1) and follow‐up (T2; 5–7 months post‐baseline) assessments.ResultsIn total, 200 HNC participants completed the study and 67.5% of them reported increasing PTG. Physical symptoms and complications that were significantly associated with lower PTG included problems with social contact and the senses. Meanwhile, sociodemographic variables that were significantly associated with PTG were gender (males had lower PTG than females) and religion (Muslims and Buddhists had higher PTG than participants of other religious faith).ConclusionOur findings revealed the need to focus on the impact of sensory issues and reduced social contact following HNC on PTG which may be addressed by various restorative and supportive rehabilitation therapy.
Biogeographic distribution patterns and assembly processes of nirS‐type and nirK‐type denitrifiers across the black soil zone in Northeast China
Authors: Hu Xiaojing , Gu Haidong , Liu Junjie , Liu Zhuxiu , Li Lujun , Du Shuli , Yu Zhenhua , Li Yansheng , Jin Jian , Liu Xiaobing , Wang Guanghua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDenitrifiers controlled the key‐step on global N cycles; however, little knowledge had been focused on their biogeography and associated underlying mechanisms. Here, based on high‐throughput sequencing, we investigated the nirS‐type and nirK‐type community diversity, biogeography, assembly mechanisms, and taxa interactions with 26 soil samples that were obtained across the black soil zone of northeast China. The results revealed that Proteobacteria was the unique known phylum of denitrifying bacteria, and Bradyrhizobium was the most abundant genus detected in both nirS‐type and nirK‐type denitrifiers across all soil samples. Compared with nirS‐type denitrifiers, a relatively high cosmopolitan and community diversity were found in nirK‐type. Those two types of denitrifying communities showed clear geographic distribution accompanied by obvious distance‐decay relationships. Variance partitioning analysis revealed that soil properties rather than sampling latitudes significantly influenced denitrifying communities with soil pH as the key drivers. However, stochastic processes, as dispersal limitation, played a greater role than deterministic processes in determining community assembly of both nirS‐type and niK‐type denitrifiers. This dispersal limitation was mostly contributed by the potential competition among taxa, with the negative interactions dominating in the denitrifying co‐occurrence patterns. Moreover, soil acidification with soil pH ranking from 4.0 to 4.5 simplified network structure and compelled denitrifiers to cooperate with each other in contrast to other soil pH ranges. These results provided comprehensive insights into the ecological processes of denitrifying communities, which were of great importance to the improvement of agricultural ecosystem services from the perspective of microorganisms.
Joint inference about the AUC and Youden index for paired biomarkers
Authors: Yin Jingjing , Samawi Hani , Tian Lili 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is common to compare biomarkers' diagnostic or prognostic performance using some summary ROC measures such as the area under the ROC curve (AUC) or the Youden index. We propose to compare two paired biomarkers using both the AUC and the Youden index since the two indices describe different aspects of the ROC curve. This comparison can be made by estimating the joint confidence region (an elliptical area) of the differences of the paired AUCs and the Youden indices. Furthermore, for deciding if one marker is better than the other in terms of both the and the Youden index (J), we can test or against and using the paired differences. The construction of such a joint hypothesis is an example of the multivariate order‐restricted hypotheses. For such a hypothesis, we propose and compare three testing procedures: (1) the intersection‐union test (); (2) the conditional test; and (3) the joint test. The performance of the proposed inference methods was evaluated and compared through simulations. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed joint confidence region maintains the desired confidence level, and all three tests maintain the type I error under the null. Furthermore, among the three proposed testing methods, the conditional test is the preferred approach with markedly larger power consistently than the other two competing methods.
Investigations on train‐induced vibration and vibration control of an over‐track building using thick‐layer rubber bearings
Authors: Zhou Ying , Ma Kaiqiang , Chen Peng , Lu Decheng , Wu Hao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA large number of over‐track buildings have been designed in metropolis during the recent decades for adapting to rapid urbanization and saving land resources. However, the over‐track buildings are potentially affected by train‐induced vibration that may cause discomfort or health problem for residents, which in turn needs to be carefully evaluated. In this study, the responses of a high‐rise over‐track building with three different transfer types have been investigated using the recorded three‐dimensional accelerations from in‐situ tests. By performing time history analyses, the vibration responses of the fixed structure, traditional rubber bearing (TrRB) isolated, and thick‐layer rubber bearing (ThRB) isolated structures are analyzed and evaluated, respectively. The results show that the most evident vibration is in the vertical direction with vibration energy mainly concentrated among the high frequencies. Thereafter, the effects of vibration control by using different isolation technologies are compared. It is demonstrated that the abilities to isolate vertical train‐induced vibration could be enhanced by using ThRB while the horizontal isolation performance is still guaranteed. Then the reason for the variation of vibration amplitude along the building height is discussed. This research enriches the train‐induced vibration database and exemplifies the vibration mitigation control and design for over‐track buildings.
„Risk it“ – warum Frauen ohne Schwangerschaftsabsicht nicht verhüten
Authors: Helfferich Cornelia , Holz Janet-Lynn , Knittel Tilmann , Olejniczak Laura , Schmidt Franziska 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundTrotz allgemein bekannten Verhütungsmethoden und flächendeckendem Zugang zu Verhütungsmitteln lässt sich beobachten, dass Frauen in westlichen Industriegesellschaften auch bei fehlender Schwangerschaftsabsicht oftmals nicht verhüten und schwanger werden.Ziel der ArbeitDie in diesem Beitrag durchgeführten Analysen zielen darauf ab, die Verbreitung des Phänomens der Nichtanwendung von Verhütung für Deutschland einzuschätzen und ein besseres Verständnis für die Gründe zu gewinnen, warum Frauen eine unbeabsichtigte Schwangerschaft riskieren.Material und MethodenAnhand von quantitativen Befragungsdaten zu 17.400 Schwangerschaften und von 116 offenen qualitativen Interviews aus der im Auftrag der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) durchgeführten Studie „frauen leben 3. Familienplanung im Lebenslauf von Frauen“ sind Aussagen zur Verbreitung der Nichtverwendung von Verhütungsmethoden trotz fehlender Schwangerschaftsabsicht und zu den dahinterliegenden Gründen möglich.ErgebnisseDie angegebenen Gründe für die Nichtverwendung von Verhütung lassen sich 3 sehr unterschiedlichen Motivlagen zuordnen: a) Spielen mit einem Kinderwunsch, was von knapp einem Drittel genannt wird, b) individuelle und strukturelle Hürden, wie z. B. gesundheitliche Vorbehalte oder zu hohe Kosten, und c) irrtümliche Annahme, nicht schwanger werden zu können. Es zeigt sich, dass diese Motive je nach biografischer Situation unterschiedlich verbreitet sind.DiskussionDie Ergebnisse weisen auf die Notwendigkeit eines differenzierteren Verständnisses unbeabsichtigter Schwangerschaften und zwar sowohl in der Forschung als auch der Prävention hin.Als Limitation und damit als Bedarf für künftige Forschungen erweist sich, dass im Rahmen der Studie der Einfluss des (Sexual‑)Partners auf das Verhütungsverhalten der Frauen und auf die Gewolltheit der Schwangerschaft anhand der erhobenen Daten nicht untersucht werden kann.
Safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: a matched case–control study
Authors: Ichimura Takenori , Hinata Miwa , Ichikura Daisuke , Suzuki Shinya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab is commonly used for non-small-cell lung cancer treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors cause immune-related adverse events, including interstitial pneumonia. However, there are no studies on the risk factors for interstitial pneumonia exacerbation after immune checkpoint inhibitor administration in patients with a history of different types of interstitial pneumonia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for interstitial pneumonia exacerbation in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and a history of interstitial pneumonia. We also aimed to explore differences in the risk of interstitial pneumonia exacerbation due to various types of interstitial pneumonia—idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, immune-related pneumonitis, and radiation pneumonitis.

Methods
Eleven patients with a history of interstitial pneumonia exacerbation following the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitor were included in the study. We performed 1:2 matching based on age and sex. Twenty-two patients whose interstitial pneumonia did not worsen after immune checkpoint inhibitor administration belonged to the control group. We calculated odds ratios for each factor in the patients and control subjects.

Results
The odds ratio of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in the case group was 0.15 (95% confidence interval: 0.03–0.89) (p = 0.03). There were no significant differences in other factors, such as smoking history, pulmonary emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Conclusion
The administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with a history of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia might be a viable treatment option and have clinical benefits.
Interactive Virtual Reality versus Vignette-Based Assessment of Children’s Aggressive Social Information Processing
Authors: Verhoef Rogier E. J. , Verhulp Esmée E. , van Dijk Anouk , de Castro Bram O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study examined whether interactive Virtual Reality (VR) provides a more ecologically valid assessment of children’s aggressive social information processing (SIP) and aggressive responses than a standard vignette-based assessment. We developed a virtual classroom where children could meet and play games with virtual peers. Participants were boys (N = 184; ages 7–13) from regular education and special education for children with disruptive behavior problems. They reported on their SIP in four scenarios (i.e., two instrumental gain and two provocation scenarios) presented through both interactive VR and vignettes. Teachers reported on children’s real-life aggressive behavior and reactive and proactive motives for aggression. Results demonstrated that children found the interactive VR assessment more emotionally engaging and immersive than the vignette-based assessment. Moreover, compared to vignettes, the interactive VR assessment evoked higher levels of aggressive SIP and responses in provocation scenarios only. Results supported the enhanced predictive validity of the interactive VR assessment of children’s aggressive SIP and responses, which predicted children’s real-life aggression above and beyond the vignette-based assessment with 2 to 12% additional explained variance. Similar results were found for children’s real-life reactive and proactive motives for aggression, with 3 to 12% additional variance explained by interactive VR above and beyond vignettes. Interactive VR did not, however, evoke larger individual differences (i.e., variances) in children’s aggressive SIP and responses than vignettes. Together, these findings suggest that interactive VR provides a more ecologically valid method to assess children’s aggressive SIP and responses than hypothetical vignettes.
Perfusion Defects and Collateral Flow Patterns in Acute Small Subcortical Infarction: a 4D Dynamic MRI Study
Authors: Huang Yen-Chu , Lee Jiann-Der , Pan Yi-Ting , Weng Hsu-Huei , Yang Jen-Tsung , Lin Leng-Chieh , Tsai Yuan-Hsiung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe hemodynamic changes of acute small subcortical infarction (SSI) are not well understood. We evaluate the hemodynamic changes and collaterals in acute SSI using perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 103 patients with acute SSI in penetrating artery territories were recruited and underwent MRI within 24 h of stroke onset. Using 4D dynamic perfusion MRI, they were divided into three patterns: 25 (24%) with normal perfusion, 31 (30%) with compensated perfusion, and 47 (46%) with hypoperfusion. The development of anterograde or retrograde collaterals was also evaluated. Patients with hypoperfusion pattern had the highest rate of early neurological deterioration (32%, p = 0.007), the largest initial and final infarction volumes (p < 0.001 and p = 0.029), the lowest relative cerebral blood flow (0.63, p < 0.001), and the lowest rate of anterograde and retrograde collaterals (19%, p < 0.001; 66%, p = 0.002). The anterograde collaterals were associated with higher relative cerebral blood volume (0.91 vs. 0.77; p = 0.024) and a higher rate of deep cerebral microbleeds (48 vs. 21%; p = 0.028), whereas retrograde collaterals were associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.031 and 0.020), smaller initial infarction volume (0.81 vs. 1.34 ml, p = 0.031), and a higher rate of lobar cerebral microbleeds (30 vs. 0%; p = 0.013). Both anterograde and retrograde collaterals may play a critical role in maintaining cerebral perfusion and can have an impact on patient clinical outcomes. Further studies are warranted to verify these findings and to investigate effective treatments.
Is Income Inequality Influenced by Financial Knowledge? A Macroeconomic and Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Oliver-Márquez Francisco J. , Guarnido-Rueda Almudena , Amate-Fortes Ignacio , Martínez-Navarro Diego 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOur objective is to analyze whether financial knowledge influences income inequality. For this purpose, we resort to a new index of financial knowledge that differs from the existing ones in that it is both longitudinal and macroeconomic. We use this index as one of the explanatory variables of the Net Gini Index in our panel data estimations. Based on a sample of 63 countries over the period 2008–2014, our results allow us to conclude that financial knowledge is related to income inequality and that, moreover, this relationship is non-linear. Thus, increases in financial knowledge could reduce income inequality when starting from relatively low levels of such knowledge. However, at a certain threshold, the income redistributive effect of financial knowledge could disappear or even reverse. Even so, national strategies for financial education could be useful to achieve economic equity in those countries where financial knowledge levels are low. In addition, we shed light on the effect that other variables (such as institutional quality or under-education) have on income inequality.