bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic utility of pulmonary artery and ascending aorta diameters derived from computed tomography in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Erdoğan Mehmet , Öztürk Selçuk , Erdöl Mehmet Akif , Kasapkara Ahmet , Beşler Muhammed Said , Kayaaslan Bircan , Hasanoğlu İmran , Durmaz Tahir , Güner Rahmet 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimChest computed tomography (CT) imaging plays a diagnostic and prognostic role in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. This study aimed to investigate and compare predictive capacity of main pulmonary artery diameter (MPA), ascending aorta diameter (AAo), and MPA‐to‐AAo ratio to determine in‐hospital mortality in COVID‐19 patients.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study included 255 hospitalized severe or critical COVID‐19 patients. MPA was measured at the level of pulmonary artery bifurcation perpendicular to the direction of the vessel through transverse axial images and AAo was measured by using the same CT slice at its maximal diameter. MPA‐to‐AAo ratio was calculated by division of MPA to AAo.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression model yielded MPA ≥29.15 mm (OR: 4.95, 95% CI: 2.01–12.2, p = 0.001), MPA (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13–1.46, p < 0.001), AAo (OR: .90, 95% CI: .81–.99, p = 0.040), and MPA‐to‐AAo ratio ≥.82 (OR: 4.67, 95% CI: 1.86–11.7, p = 0.001) as independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Time‐dependent multivariate Cox‐proportion regression model demonstrated MPA ≥29.15 mm (HR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.03–3.90, p = 0.047) and MPA (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.17, p = 0.048) as independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality, whereas AAo and MPA‐to‐AAo ratio did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionPulmonary artery enlargement strongly predicts in‐hospital mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. MPA, which can be calculated easily from chest CT imaging, can be beneficial in the prognostication of these patients.
Design of 3D‐printed macro‐models for undergraduates' preclinical practice of endodontic access cavities
Authors: Pouhaër Matéo , Picart Guillaume , Baya David , Michelutti Pierre , Dautel Anne , Pérard Matthieu , Le Clerc Justine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionEndodontic access cavity is one of the steps most feared by dental students. The objective of the present work was to show the design phases of different realistic macro‐models of a lower first molar, showing root canal anatomy and the ideal access cavity.Materials and MethodsVirtual models were designed with MeshMixer, MeshLab and Blender from the data collected (X‐rays, CBCT and optical impression) and then printed. Two types of printers—FDM (fused deposition modelling) and SLA (stereolithography) printers—were used to obtain different prototypes which led to final models. A satisfaction questionnaire was then sent to students, after manipulation, to assess the relevance of these models.ResultsTwo final models of a lower first molar with an extended size (×9) were finally printed with an SLA laser printer with a transparent liquid resin. The first model represented the tooth with its optimal endodontic access cavity. The second one was designed to be divided into two parts according to a mesio‐distal axis in order to visualise the root canal system. Most students found these macro‐models to be effective tools for endodontic training.Discussion3D printing is a proven technology which is no exception in dentistry. Some authors have already proposed 3D‐printed replicas of teeth for endodontic education. Macro‐models have been designed, printed and made available to students during preclinical courses before and during training.ConclusionThese educational macro‐models should strengthen the knowledge and skills of students to improve their clinical and future practice within the dental office.
No loss of orexin/hypocretin, melanin‐concentrating hormone or locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons in a rat model of chronic sleep restriction
Authors: Deurveilher Samuel , Antonchuk Michael , Saumure Brock St. C. , Baldin Andrew , Semba Kazue 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChronic sleep restriction (CSR) is common in modern society, adversely affecting cognitive performance and health. Yet how it impacts neurons regulating sleep remains unclear. Several studies using mice reported substantial losses of wake‐active orexin/hypocretin and locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons, but not rapid eye movement sleep‐active melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons, following CSR. Here, we used immunohistochemistry and stereology to examine orexin, MCH and LC noradrenergic neurons in a rat model of CSR that uses programmed wheel rotation (3 h on/1 h off; ‘3/1’ protocol). Adult male Wistar rats underwent one or four cycles of the 4‐day 3/1 CSR protocol, with 2‐day recovery between cycles in home cages. Time‐matched control rats were housed in locked wheels/home cages. We found no significant differences in the numbers of orexin, MCH and LC noradrenergic neurons following either one‐ or four‐cycle CSR protocol compared to respective controls. Similarly, the four‐cycle CSR protocol had no effect on the densities of orexin axon terminals in the LC, noradrenergic dendrites in the LC and noradrenergic axon terminals in the frontal cortex. Body weights, however, decreased after one cycle of CSR and then increased with diminishing slope over the next three cycles. Thus, we found no evidence for loss of orexin or LC noradrenergic neurons following one and four cycles of the 4‐day 3/1 CSR protocol in rats. Differences in CSR protocols and/or possible species differences in neuronal vulnerability to sleep loss may account for the discrepancy between the current results in rats and previous findings in mice.
Effect of diet on body size and survival of omnivorous crickets
Authors: Ogita Saki , Tanaka Yukari , Kuriwada Takashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOmnivory is a feeding habit in which animals prey on organisms from two or more trophic levels. Omnivorous species play important roles in predator–prey interactions, food web dynamics, and ecosystem functions. Although cricket species have been considered omnivores, quantified investigations of their feeding habits have not been carried out. Therefore, we compared the developmental time, body size and mortality rate of the band‐legged ground cricket, Dianemobius nigrofasciatus (Matsumura) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae) reared on diets meant for carnivores and herbivores. Furthermore, to examine whether the crickets can balance their nutritional conditions through their food choices, we set up two additional diet treatments, which comprised diets for carnivores and herbivores provided simultaneously or by rotation. The mortality rate of the carnivore diet treatment was higher than that of the other diet treatments. This result suggests that D. nigrofasciatus is a “herbivore” that also obtains nutrients from resources other than plant materials. Although developmental time did not significantly differ among the dietary treatments, the body size of the crickets that were provided both diets simultaneously was significantly larger than that of the crickets provided with only the diets for either carnivores or herbivores. These results suggest that an appropriate amount of carnivorous feeding is advantageous for the development of the cricket, and indicates that crickets can balance nutrition on their own.
Parent‐to‐child aggression, intimate partner aggression, conflict resolution, and children’s social–emotional competence in early childhood
Authors: Lee Jin‐kyung , Marshall Amy D. , Feinberg Mark E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEarly childhood is critical to the development of children's social–emotional competence, which predicts peer relations and school adjustment in later periods of childhood. The effects of experiencing or witnessing aggression on children's social–emotional development are well known, yet the role of conflict resolution within the family has not been sufficiently studied. Social information processing models suggests that children who experience positive forms of conflict resolution within the family are likely to generalize these experiences and related skills outside the family, and thus develop greater social–emotional competence. In this longitudinal study, 128 parents (representing 79 families) participated in four quarterly telephone interviews in which they described aggressive conflicts that occurred in their family for which their children were present, including the degree to which each conflict was resolved. They also reported on the frequency of intimate partner aggression (IPA) and parent‐to‐child aggression (PCA) that occurred while the child was in toddlerhood and preschool as well as children's social–emotional competence at the end of the study. Multi‐level models reveal that parents’ reports of positive conflict resolution mitigated the concurrent and longitudinal negative effects of children's exposure to both IPA and PCA on their social–emotional competence. These findings reinforce prevention scientists’ emphasis on conflict resolution skills as an essential component of parent education programs.
A simple explanation for declining temperature sensitivity with warming
Authors: Wolkovich E. M. , Auerbach J. , Chamberlain C. J. , Buonaiuto D. M. , Ettinger A. K. , Morales‐Castilla I. , Gelman A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently, multiple studies have reported declining phenological sensitivities (∆ days per ℃) with higher temperatures. Such observations have been used to suggest climate change is reshaping biological processes, with major implications for forecasts of future change. Here, we show that these results may simply be the outcome of using linear models to estimate nonlinear temperature responses, specifically for events that occur after a cumulative thermal threshold is met—a common model for many biological events. Corrections for the nonlinearity of temperature responses consistently remove the apparent decline. Our results show that rising temperatures combined with linear estimates based on calendar time produce the observations of declining sensitivity—without any shift in the underlying biology. Current methods may thus undermine efforts to identify when and how warming will reshape biological processes.
‘Crying over spilt milk?’ Effect of post‐consumption dissonance on coping behaviour for online purchases
Authors: Mahapatra Sabita , Mishra Abhishek 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCompared to traditional purchases, the temporal gap between the purchase, the delivery and the consumption of products for online purchases is a challenge for e‐sellers. A mismatch of expectations and consumption experiences causes a stronger post‐consumption dissonance for online purchases, the outcomes of which, in the form of emotions and coping responses, are under‐researched. For this work, data were collected from 895 randomly selected respondents and the model was validated through structural equation modelling. The findings support that cognitive and affective components of post‐consumption dissonance have a positive influence on negative emotions, a combination of anger, regret, and guilt. Such emotions are found to trigger coping responses of mental disengagement and seeking social support, but not product return. Additionally, the evoked negative emotions are found to be lower for the elderly and female consumers. Finally, it is found that individuals with maximization focus seek social support more than those with satisficing focus for coping. The study provides a unique model connecting post‐consumption dissonance with coping responses and offers insights to e‐sellers about effective ways to manage such dissonance.
Mental health outcomes among health‐care workers in Oman during COVID‐19: A cluster analysis
Authors: Chan Moon Fai , Al‐Shekaili Muna , Al‐Adawi Samir , Hassan Walid , Al‐Said Nazik , Al‐Sulaimani Fatima , Jayapal Sathish Kumar , Al‐Mawali Adhra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimDespite the much heralded epidemic of adjustment difficulties, health‐care workers (HCW), who are likely to be at risk and impacted with mental health issues, have received scant attention. This study aimed to determine whether definable profiles exist in a cohort of HCWs associated with demographic and mental health problems.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Oman. Demographic and mental health data were collected from 8 to 17 April 2020. A total of 1132 participants returned their completed questionnaire. A two‐step cluster analysis was used to split the sample into three clusters.ResultsCluster A (n = 416) was from HCW in non‐frontline roles, and constituted “low‐risk and least‐impacted”. Cluster B (n = 412) and Cluster C (n = 304) were from frontline HCW and constituted ‘high‐risk and moderate‐impacted’ and ‘high‐risk and high‐impacted’ groups, respectively. HCWs in Cluster C reported more depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), stress (P < 0.001) and clinical insomnia (P < 0.001) compared with those in the other clusters. HCWs in Cluster C were at the highest risk for mental health problems during the pandemic.ConclusionsEarly psychological interventions targeting this vulnerable group may be beneficial. Management should develop different tailor‐made strategic plans to address different mental health needs for each profile group.
Recent trends in overweight and obesity in adolescents aged 12 to 15 years across 21 countries
Authors: Fan Hui , Zhang Xingyu 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundThere is limited information on recent country‐specific trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify country‐specific trends in overweight and obesity in a study of 137 995 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from 21 countries based on Global School‐Based Student Health Surveys from 2005 to 2017.MethodsThe World Health Organization criteria were used to define paediatric overweight and obesity. The weighted country‐specific prevalence of and trends in overweight and obesity across the survey years were evaluated. Random‐ or fixed‐effect meta‐analyses were used to calculate pooled trends across 21 countries.ResultsA significant upward trend was observed in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 10 countries, whereas a significant downward trend was observed in 2 countries (ps < 0.05). The pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity in the first and last surveys was 24.8% and 27.7%, respectively. A significant upward pooled trend was observed in the prevalence of overweight and obesity across 21 countries (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 1.22 [1.11, 1.35]). An increasing trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity was specifically observed in high‐, upper‐middle‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries.ConclusionThis study confirms a significant upward trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 12‐ to 15‐year‐old adolescents, thus emphasizing the urgent need for interventions to mitigate overweight and obesity in this demographic.
Mechanical characterization of boron carbide single crystals
Authors: Zare Arezoo , He Mo‐Rigen , Straker Michael , Chandrashekhare M. V. S. , Spencer Michael , Hemker Kevin J. , McCauley James W. , Ramesh K. T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOut‐of‐plane anisotropy in the mechanical response of boron carbide was studied by performing nanoindentation experiments on four specific crystallographic orientations of single crystals, that is, , , , and . For each orientation of the single crystals, in‐plane variations of indentation modulus and hardness were also studied by monitoring the relative rotation between the crystal surface and a Berkovich indenter tip. A significant out‐of‐plane anisotropy in indentation modulus was observed with ~80 GPa difference between the highest and lowest values. A smaller but measurable out‐of‐plane anisotropy in indentation hardness was also observed. In‐plane anisotropy, on the other hand, was found to be significantly influenced by the scatter in the data and geometrical imperfections of the indenter tip. Investigations of indentation pop‐in events suggested that deformation is entirely elastic prior to the first pop‐in. Furthermore, quasi‐plastic flow along the orientation of the single crystals was found to be more homogeneous than the other tested orientations. For select indents, cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the indented regions showed formation of a quasi‐plastic zone in the form of lattice rotation and various microstructural defects. The quasi‐plastic zone grew in size with increasing the indentation depth. The TEM observations also suggested the crystal slip to be a potential mechanism of quasi‐plasticity and a precursor for formation of amorphous bands that could eventually lead to cracking and fragmentation. The proposed failure mechanism provides valuable insights for calibrating constitutive computational models of failure in boron carbide.
Patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity in the global cleaner reef fish fauna
Authors: Quimbayo Juan P. , Mendes Thiago C. , Barneche Diego R. , Dias Murilo S. , Grutter Alexandra S. , Furtado Miguel , Leprieur Fabien , Pellissier Loïc , Mazzei Renata , Narvaez Pauline , Sasal Pierre , Soares Marta C. , Parravicini Valeriano , Sazima Ivan , Kulbicki Michel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimSeveral drivers explain the global distribution of all reef fish. However, whether these drivers also explain the distribution and traits of a functional subgroup involving cleaner fishes remain unclear. Here we examine the variation in traits of cleaner fishes and test whether historical, environmental, ecological and geographical drivers are correlated with cleaner species richness and abundance at global reefs.LocationTropical and subtropical reefs.TaxonActinopterygii.MethodsWe tested whether species traits and trait space vary between facultative (i.e. species that clean only during the juvenile stages or sporadically) and dedicated (i.e. species that clean during their whole lives) cleaner types. We compiled data from local checklists (relative richness) and belt transects (standardized richness and abundance). We built four models to test whether past and current isolation (i.e. distance from Quaternary refugia and biodiversity centres), sea temperature, primary productivity, local species pool and abundance of potential clients influenced the relative richness and abundance of cleaners.ResultsFacultative cleaners had high trait variability that contributed disproportionally to the trait space, whereas dedicated cleaners exhibited low trait variability. Cleaner species richness was higher in the Indo‐Pacific and Caribbean provinces, but the relative richness and standardized abundance of cleaners were higher in the Atlantic (i.e. North Eastern and Southwestern) and Eastern Pacific. Isolation influenced the relative richness of facultative cleaners, whereas the distance to Quaternary refugia, sea temperature and isolation influenced the relative richness of dedicated cleaners. Local species richness and standardized abundance of cleaner fish exhibited a strong relationship with regional diversity. The standardized abundance of both facultative and dedicated cleaners was influenced by the abundance of potential clients and the local species pool.Main conclusionsThe small trait space occupied by cleaner fishes may reflect their restricted origin among lineages of reef fishes. Differences in the relative richness and standardized abundance of cleaner fishes across marine realms suggest a strong influence on biogeographical history. Our results also indicate that cleaner fishes originated mostly in peripheral areas in high latitudes due to the absence of dedicated cleaners. Our results imply that cleaner fishes do not follow the pattern of main centres of origin described for reef fishes due to opportunistic cleaning behaviour that originated with higher frequency at locations with low species richness.
Application of epigenetics in dermatological research and skin management
Authors: He Jianbiao , He Huaming , Qi Yufeng , Yang Jie , Zhi Leilei , Jia Yan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpigenetics has recently evolved from a collection of diverse phenomena to a defined and far‐reaching field of study. Epigenetic modifications of the genome, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, have been reported to play a role in some skin diseases or cancer.AimsThe purpose of this article was to review the development of epigenetic in recent decades and their applications in dermatological research.MethodsAn extensive literature search was conducted on epigenetic modifications since the first research on epigenetic.ResultsThis article summarizes the concept and development of epigenetics, as well as the process and principle of epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non‐coding RNA. Their application in some skin diseases and cosmetic research and development is also summarized.ConclusionsThis information will help to understand the mechanisms of epigenetics and some non‐coding RNA, the discovery of the related drugs, and provide new insights for skin health management and cosmetic research and development.
Autologous nanofat injection in treatment of scars: A clinico‐histopathological study
Authors: Rageh Mahmoud A. , El‐Khalawany Mohamed , Ibrahim Shady Mahmoud Attia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundScars are the unfortunate outcome of most injuries and some diseases. Its psychological impact on patients can deeply affect their quality of life.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of autologous nanofat injection in improving the aesthetic outcome of scars, combined with histopathological correlation of the response.Patients and methodsThirty patients with scars of different etiologies undergone one session of nanofat injection and evaluation was done 6 months after the session. Efficacy of treatment was assessed clinically using Vancouver scar scale by two independent blinded dermatologists and histopathologically using image analysis system.ResultsThe age of enrolled patients ranged from 18 to 40 years old. There was a statistically significant improvement on the total Vancouver scar scale regarding the height and pliability of the scars. Pathological evaluation showed an increase in epidermal thickness, increased number and density of collagen and elastic fibers along with neovascularization.ConclusionEvidenced by clinical and pathological improvement, autologous nanofat injection is an effective strategy for treating scars of different etiologies.
Remote rituals in virtual courts
Authors: ROSSNER MEREDITH 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article examines the ritual dynamics of virtual court hearings. While audio‐visual links for select court participants have been available for decades, in a virtual hearing all parties participate using a videoconferencing platform. Such hearings have proliferated during the COVID‐19 pandemic, as courts around the world have rushed to develop remote justice options. Scholars and legal professionals have expressed a range of concerns about this development, not least that there are elements of physical courtroom rituals that cannot be rendered virtually. Drawing on two recent empirical examinations of virtual courts, I explore what these hearings look and feel like for participants. I focus on the relationship between the material and symbolic elements of a court ritual and the meaning and experience of virtual co‐presence. In some circumstances, traditional elements of court have been translated for a virtual space. In other ways, the ritual has been transformed. I conclude by discussing the limitations and potential of courts of the future.