bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FOXP3 Transcriptionally Activates Fatty Acid Scavenger Receptor CD36 in Tumour‐Induced Treg Cells
Authors: Dhar Subhanki , Sarkar Tania , Bose Sayantan , Pati Subhadip , Chakraborty Dwaipayan , Roy Dia , Panda Abir K. , Guin Aharna , Mukherjee Sumon , Jana Kuladip , Sarkar Diptendra K. , Sa Gaurisankar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe host immune system is adapted in a variety of ways by tumour microenvironment and growing tumour interacts to promote immune escape. One of these adaptations is manipulating the metabolic processes of cells in the tumour microenvironment. The growing tumour aggressively utilise glucose, its primary energy source available in tumour site, and produce lactate by Warburg effect. In such a hostile environment, tumour‐infiltrating immune cells are unable to survive metabolically. Tumour‐infiltrating CD4+ Treg cells, on the other hand, adapted to an alternative energy‐generating system, switching from the highly‐competitive glucose to the fatty‐acid metabolic pathway, by down‐regulating glucose‐metabolising genes and up‐regulating fatty‐acid metabolising genes. Tregs with high‐levels of the fatty acid scavenger receptor CD36, a key component of the fatty‐acid metabolic pathway, aided this metabolic shift. Treg cell formation was hampered when the fatty‐acid metabolic pathway was disrupted, showing that it is necessary for Treg cell development. FOXP3, the Treg lineage‐specific transcription factor, regulates fatty‐acid metabolism by inducing CD36 transcription. A high‐fat diet enhanced Treg development while suppressing anti‐tumour immunity, whereas a low‐fat diet suppressed Treg development. The altered metabolism of tumour‐infiltrating Treg cells enables their rapid generation and survival in the hostile tumour microenvironment, aiding cancer progression. Fascinatingly, mice fed with a low‐fat diet showed a positive prognosis with chemotherapy than mice fed with a high‐fat diet. Thus, a maximum efficacy of chemotherapy might be achieved by altering diet composition during chemotherapy, providing a promising indication for future cancer treatment.
Don't Downsize This! Social Reactions to Mass Dismissals on Twitter
Authors: Bassanini Andrea , Caroli Eve , Ferreira Bruno Chaves , Reberioux Antoine 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe study social reactions on Twitter to job destructions. We use information on large‐scale restructuring events announced in the United Kingdom from 2013 to 2018. We match it with data on the number and sentiments of the tweets involving the company name posted around the time of the announcement. We show that job destruction announcements elicit numerous, strongly negative reactions, four times larger than the positive reactions to job creation announcements. We also show that these negative reactions are associated with significant losses in the market value of the downsizing firms, pointing to costs that add to standard dismissal costs.
Introducing a New Corpus of Definitive M&A Agreements, 2000–2020
Authors: Adelson Peter , Jennejohn Matthew , Nyarko Julian , Talley Eric 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTContract design and architecture is an important topic within economics, finance, and law. However, attempts to study it are significantly constrained by the limited availability of public, high quality data. In this paper, we introduce a new corpus of 7929 Definitive Merger Agreements submitted to the SEC between 2000 and 2020 involving a transaction in excess of $100 million. Through a combination of machine learning and human evaluation, we associate these agreements with other metadata, such as deal size, industry classification, and advising law firms. In addition, we identify and make available the text of individual clauses contained in these agreements. In a final step, we provide an illustration of how these data can be used to generate novel insights into M&A contract design and drafting practices.
Rocksitter Flies (Lauxaniidae: Cestrotus) are Key‐Pollinators of Ceropegia pulchellior—A Threatened and Localised South African Endemic With Foetid‐Scented Flowers
Authors: Heiduk Annemarie , Gaimari Stephen , Whittington Andrew , Johnson Steven D. , Shuttleworth Adam 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTShort‐tongued saprophilous flies are a diverse but under‐appreciated group of pollinators, which are particularly important for flowers in the subtribe Stapeliinae (Apocynaceae‐Asclepiadoideae‐Ceropegieae). This clade of plants is characterised by repeated shifts between tubular kettle‐trap and open non‐trap flowers and chemical mimicry (of decomposing substrates or dying insects) to attract specific fly pollinators. The biology of most Stapeliinae, particularly those with non‐trap flowers, remains poorly studied, hampering our understanding of the mechanisms driving diversification in this plant group. We examined the pollination biology and floral traits of Ceropegia pulchellior, a South African endemic with non‐trap flowers confined to Natal Group Sandstone on the Durban escarpment. Observations showed that flowers are visited exclusively by flies which forage on small amounts of nectar in the corona cavities. Flowers were pollinated primarily by lauxaniid flies in the genus Cestrotus, although several muscid fly species also contribute. Pollinator exclusion experiments confirmed that the plants depend on these flies for reproduction. Reproductive success was low (fruit set never exceeding 8% of flowers). Pollen transfer efficiency was relatively high but variable across the flowering period. GC–MS analysis of floral scent revealed that the foetid odour is dominated by aliphatic acids and p‐cresol with small amounts of indole, supporting the assumption that C. pulchellior mimics decaying substrates to selectively attract detritus‐feeding (saprophagous) flies as pollinators. Analysis of spectral reflectance of flowers indicates that flower colours, when viewed by the fly pollinators, are not chromatically distinct from the habitat background, suggesting that flowers rely on olfactory rather than visual signals to attract pollinators. This study contributes to the growing awareness of the complexity of pollination systems in the Stapeliinae, in terms of the wide diversity of fly taxa involved, the intricate pollen transfer mechanisms, and the unusual floral scent chemistry associated with mimicry of oviposition substrates and food sources.
Shade Modulation Ability of Direct vs. Direct–Indirect Prepless Composite Veneers
Authors: Altamimi Yazeed , Fahl Newton , Rocha Mateus G. , Oliveira Dayane , Neiva Gisele F. , Maia Rodrigo R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAssess the shade modulation ability of direct–indirect prepless composite veneer using distinct composite resins and cement shades by instrumental and visual assessments.Materials and MethodsA total of 270 samples of direct and direct–indirect composite veneers were fabricated using three composite resins (3M Filtek Supreme Ultra A1B, Tokuyama Omnichroma, Transcend Universal) over a 3D designed mold in 10 × 10 mm cuboid shape with three depth cuts on the surface (0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mm) to stimulate the veneer preparation and bonded using Ivoclar Variolink Esthetic LC neutral and light cement shades over a standard C4 shade substrate. Measurements were gathered through instrumental assessment by spectrophotometry and through visual assessment by four dental professionals. Color differences (ΔE00) were calculated according to the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analysis was conducted using three‐way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test.ResultsThe ΔE values were influenced by the technique (p < 0.001), thickness (p < 0.001), and type of composite resin (p < 0.001). Cement shades were not statistically significant in the final shade of the direct–indirect technique (p = 0.168). There was no mismatch in the visual assessment between the direct–indirect samples compared to the direct samples.ConclusionThere is a difference in the final shade between the direct and direct–indirect techniques in the instrumental but not in the visual evaluation. The two cement shades used did not influence the final shade of the composite veneers.
Storm surge barrier performance—The effect of barrier failures on extreme water level frequencies
Authors: Mooyaart L. F. , Bakker A. M. R. , van den Bogaard J. A. , Jorissen R. E. , Rijcken T. , Jonkman S. N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSea level rise necessitates the upgrade of coastal flood protection including storm surge barriers. These large movable hydraulic structures are open in normal conditions, but close during a storm surge to prevent coastal floods in bays and estuaries. Barrier improvements lower their susceptibility to operational, structural, or height‐related failures. However, there is no method to determine the relative importance of these three barrier failure types. Here, we present a probabilistic method to systematically organize barrier failures and storm conditions to establish exceedance frequencies of extreme water levels behind the barrier. The method is illustrated by an assessment of extreme water level frequencies at Rotterdam (The Netherlands), which is protected by the Maeslant barrier. Four combinations of barrier states and storm conditions were analyzed and prioritized in the following order: (1) an operational failure with 1/100 year storm conditions, (2) a successful closure with an extreme (~1/1000 year) river discharge accumulating behind the barrier, (3) structural failure, and (4) insufficient height both with extreme storm conditions (10–6 year). The case study confirmed the method's ability to systematically explore promising barrier improvements to adapt to sea level rise, in this case, lowering the susceptibility toward operational failures.
Social life cycle assessment and its methodological challenges: A bibliometric and content analysis
Authors: Huang Qianwen , Sun Yue , Guo Qi , Li Qizheng , Zhang Ying , Li Xin , Wang Laili 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSocial life cycle assessment (S‐LCA) has garnered significant attention in academia and the business sector. To enhance the guidance of S‐LCA application and future research, it is imperative to conduct a thorough analysis of its research status and challenges, considering the extensive development of methodological approaches. Leveraging bibliometric and content analysis on 452 articles from the Web of Science database, this study examines publication trends and delineates the conceptual structure and coupling themes within the S‐LCA field. Through an amalgamation of bibliometric findings and a comparative analysis between life cycle assessment and S‐LCA, the study outlines prominent challenges. Five primary issues related to inventory construction and data conversion, as identified through content analysis, are presented. This article comprehensively reveals a deep understanding of research status and faced challenges, serving as a complement for future practitioners and researchers.
Perceptions and attitudes about advance care planning among healthcare professionals of cardiac care: A Q methodology study
Authors: Ko Hana , Hwang Yoon Young , Heo Seongkum , Cho KyungAh , Shin Mi‐Seung , Kim Mi Yeong , Kim JinShil 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimHealthcare professionals' perspectives on advance care planning (ACP) remain unclear, particularly among those who care for cardiac patients. Therefore, this study aimed to explore perspectives on ACP among healthcare professionals who provide care to patients with cardiovascular diseases.MethodUsing Q methodology, 40‐Q sample statements were derived from an extensive literature review and an in‐depth qualitative interview. The P‐sample (Q sorters) comprised 10 physicians and 14 nurses. The P‐sample filled each grid with a statement on the Q‐sorting table. The data were analyzed using the PQMethod.ResultsFour factors with 18 Q sorters emerged and explained 71% of the variance, each contributing 5%–53%. Four factors were labeled: healthcare professional‐led, communication‐focused ACP (n = 5); early application‐weighted, burden‐reducing ACP (n = 5); prognostic uncertainty‐based, negotiation‐focused ACP (n = 5); and patient‐value‐based, comprehensiveness‐focused ACP (n = 3); six Q sorters fell into either confounded or nonsignificant categories. Common perspectives on ACP across all factors emerged, including the conceptual definition of ACP, early employment of ACP as the right time, and needs for educational support and training.ConclusionsUnique perspectives and common perspectives on ACP across factors emerged among Korean healthcare professionals of cardiac patients. The findings of this study provide initial information on perceptions of and attitudes toward ACP among Korean healthcare providers. Healthcare providers can use these findings to provide educational support and training.
Association Between Serum Trace Elements Level and Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wu Ruiying , Li Yuanwen , Peng Hongye , Yang Zhishan , Wang Ying , Lv Shuying , Yang Dingquan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder in dermatology, impacting 0.5%–2% of the general population worldwide. More and more scholars are focusing on the important role of micronutrients in the occurrence and development of AA.AimsThis research aimed to thoroughly and systematically assess the relationship between serum trace element levels and AA.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to May 12, 2024. Two researchers independently screened and identified eligible studies. Depending on the heterogeneity assessed by the I2 statistic, either a random‐effects model or a fixed‐effects model was used to combine the effect estimates.Results34 papers, including 4931 participants from 16 countries, were analyzed. The results of meta‐analysis demonstrated patients with AA had a lower serum level of vitamin D (SMD = −0.93 ng/mL, 95% CI = 0.168–0.747, p < 0.05) and serum zinc (SMD = −0.69 μg/dL, 95% CI = −0.99 to −0.39, p < 0.05) than the healthy controls. Vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated to an elevated risk of AA (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.47–4.17, p < 0.05). However, there is no significant difference in serum copper levels between AA patients and the control group.ConclusionsOur research provided evidence that the levels of serum VD and zinc were associated with the risk of AA. Supplementation with VD and zinc may become a potential treatment for AA.
Organized Crime, Corruption, and Economic Growth
Authors: Fioroni Tamara , Lavezzi Andrea Mario , Trovato Giovanni 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we study the relationship between organized crime, corruption, and economic growth on a data set from Italian regions for the period 1996–2013. Our working hypothesis is that organized crime can embezzle part of the public expenditure aimed at productive uses by threatening and bribing public officers. To assess the consequences for regional growth we estimate a finite mixture covariate measurement model and find that the relationship between public expenditure and per capita GDP is characterized by parameter heterogeneity. Specifically, regions are partitioned in clusters identified by the initial level of organized crime. The effect of public expenditure on per capita GDP differs across clusters of regions: in the regions with the higher levels of organized crime public expenditure has a negative effect on per capita GDP, and the estimated share of embezzled public expenditure is higher, amounting to approximately 10% of its book value. Differently, in the regions with lower levels of organized crime the effect of public expenditure on per capita GDP is positive and the estimated share of embezzled public expenditure is lower. The empirical analysis is shown to be consistent with a theoretical growth model à la Barro (1990) augmented by corruption orchestrated by organized crime.
New high‐pressure Fe‐Ti oxide minerals in the Shergotty Martian meteorite: Feiite, Fe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5, liuite, FeTiO3, and tschaunerite, (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4
Authors: Ma Chi , Tschauner Oliver , Beckett John R. , Prakapenka Vitali B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐pressure oxides like perovskite‐type FeTiO3, CaTi2O4‐type Fe2TiO4, and ferrous‐ferric oxides that form polysomes between wüstite and CaFe2O4‐type Fe3O4 are potential carriers of Fe, Ti, and other transition metals in the mantle and may play an important role in the redox budget of the deep Earth. Here, we report the occurrence of three of these phases as the new minerals: feiite (Sr2Tl2O5‐type Fe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5), liuite (FeTiO3 with a GdFeO3‐type perovskite structure), and tschaunerite (CaTi2O4‐type (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4), along with wangdaodeite (LiNbO3‐type FeTiO3) in a transformed ulvöspinel clast entrained in a shock melt pocket in the Shergotty Martian meteorite. We show that reaction between the shocked ulvöspinel precursor and melt occurred at pressures between 20 and 25 GPa. The high‐pressure Fe‐, Ti‐minerals lost Fe and O to the surrounding shock melt in exchange for Si, Mg, and Ca. Concentrations of Si and Mg in all of these clast phases and of Na in liuite are significant. They substantiate chemical interaction of the clast with melt during the shock event and highlight potential elemental distributions in complex Fe‐ and Ti‐rich lithologies at pressures of the deep transition zone to shallow lower mantle.
Racing whiteness in Asian bodies: The influence of American conservatism on Singaporean anti‐colonial nationalism
Authors: Gelles‐Soh Wee Yang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn contemporary Singaporean sociopolitical discourse, comparisons with the West—particularly the USA and the UK—have become pervasive across a wide range of critical social issues. These comparisons often serve to reinforce the political positions of the Singaporean state by contrasting them with perceived shortcomings in the Western world. Utilizing a linguistic anthropological framework, this paper explores the phenomenon of anti‐colonial nationalism, wherein state representatives dismiss challenges to the Singaporean status quo as unpatriotic, Western‐influenced, and thus dangerously “white.” By demonstrating how Singapore's anti‐colonial politics is paradoxically shaped by the anti‐liberal and populist rhetoric of the contemporary American right, this paper argues that anti‐colonialism is a product of twenty‐first‐century neoliberal nationalism. Underscoring the importance of examining how political rhetoric crosses international borders, this study seeks to invite a conversation on the dynamics of nationalist discourses in the twenty‐first century, and how the language of decolonization can be co‐opted by new forms of state power and control through a racing of “whiteness.”
Polish non‐territorial autonomy in revolutionary Ukraine (1917–1918): A transitional experiment
Authors: Korolov Gennadii 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis essay examines the brief history of the creation of the Polish national autonomy in revolutionary Ukraine, the ways it was received, and the different assessments, by Polish democratic activists, both of the theoretical concept of “national autonomy” and its implementation in 1917–1918. It mainly focuses on the figures of the Polish national movement in Ukraine, who were also officials of the Ministry of Polish Affairs, such as Stanisław Kalinowski, Roman Knoll and others. The paper is primarily based on their testimonies, which were collected by the Polish historian Henryk Jabłoński in the early 1930s.This essay explores different aspects of the creation and functioning of Polish national autonomy in Ukraine based on three important elements. First, the historical context of political, national and ethnic transformations in revolutionary Ukraine in 1917–1918 is provided. Secondly, the essay is grounded in the primary sources, including personal testimonies of the creators and contemporaries of the Polish national autonomy. Thirdly, it places the Ukrainian Poles' experience with national‐personal autonomy within the broader history of the idea and its implementation in East and Central Europe after the First World War.
OsPIL15‐Induced Delay in Rice Heading Date via Direct Binding to the OsLF Promoter is Dependent on Functional Phytochrome B
Authors: Xie Lixia , Li Yaping , Sun Wei , Pu Menglin , Zhou Jinjun , He Yanan , Peng Yongbin , Zheng Chongke , Jiang Conghui , Xu Xiaohui , Xie Xianzhi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHeading date of rice (Oryza sativa) is a key factor determining rice production and regional adaptability. We analysed the molecular mechanism of OsPIL15, encoding phytochrome‐interacting factor‐like protein, in delaying rice heading date. Overexpression of OsPIL15 delayed rice heading date by upregulating Hd1 and inhibiting Hd3a and RFT1 expression. OsLF, encoding one rice heading repressor, was found to be the putative candidate regulated by OsPIL15 through a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing assay and a transcriptome sequencing assay. OsPIL15 could directly bind to the OsLF promoter and activated its expression. Knocking‐out OsLF in OsPIL15‐overexpressing lines resulted in flowering 2–3 days earlier, partially rescuing the delayed phenotype. This indicates that overexpression of OsPIL15 overexpression delays heading date partially through OsLF. Protein–protein interaction assay of OsPIL15 or OsPIL15‐∆APB (OsPIL15 lacking the active phytochrome B [phyB]‐binding [APB] motif) with PHYB showed that the APB motif was required for the interaction between OsPIL15 and PHYB. Furthermore, overexpression of either OsPIL15‐∆APB in the wild type or OsPIL15 in the phyB mutant did not delay rice heading date under natural long‐day conditions, suggesting that phyB influences OsPIL15‐mediated delay in rice heading date.
Corner's Rules and Their Linkages With Twig Functions and Tree Productivity in Simple‐ and Compound‐Leaved Tree Species
Authors: Zhou Yong‐Jiao , Ning Qiu‐Rui , Cui Han‐Xiao , Hao Guang‐You 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCorner's rules are well known in describing inter‐specific scaling relationships for plant organ size‐related traits, from species with thick terminal stems, large leaves, and sparsely branched twigs to species with opposite traits; however, the implications of organ size on physiological functions and growth performance of trees remain unclear. Moreover, whether Corner's rules spectra differ between tree species with simple and compound leaves is not known. Here, we measured key twig morphological traits, physiological characteristics, and radial growth rates of 27 simple‐ and 6 compound‐leaved tree species in a common garden in Northeast China. The size scaling relationships between leaf lamina and supporting structures were mostly allometric (slope < 1) in simple‐leaved species. In contrast, such relationships were predominantly isometric (slope = 1) in compound‐leaved species. Consistently, twig hydraulic conductance and photosynthetic rate increased significantly faster as twig size increased across the compound‐leaved species. Consequently, compound‐leaved species equipped with twigs of fewer but larger leaves have the potential to achieve remarkably high growth rates. Our study revealed divergent investment‐return strategies between the two functional groups, that is, ‘diminishing returns’ in simple‐leaved species and ‘stable returns’ in compound‐leaved species, and identified mechanistic associations among twig architecture, physiological characteristics and tree growth rate.