bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Alternative Approaches to Using Race-and-Ethnicity Data in Estimating Differences in Health Care and Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Martino Steven C. , Dembosky Jacob W. , Hambarsoomian Katrin , Haviland Amelia M. , Weech-Maldonado Robert , Beckett Megan K. , Hill Torrey , Elliott Marc N. 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to compare 2 approaches for representing self-reported race-and-ethnicity, additive modeling (AM), in which every race or ethnicity a person endorses counts toward measurement of that category, and a commonly used mutually exclusive categorization (MEC) approach. The benchmark was a gold-standard, but often impractical approach that analyzes all combinations of race-and-ethnicity as distinct groups.

Methods:
Data came from 313,739 respondents to the 2021 Medicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) surveys who self-reported race-and-ethnicity. We used regression to estimate how accurately AM and MEC approaches predicted racial-and-ethnic differences in 5 CAHPS patient experience measures and 4 patient characteristics that we considered proxies for social determinants of health (SDOH): age, educational attainment, and self-reported general and mental health. We calculated average residual error proportions for AM and MEC estimates relative to all-combination estimates.

Results:
In predicting CAHPS scores by race-and-ethnicity, on average 0.9% of the variance across groups in the AM and MEC approaches represented a departure from the gold standard. In predicting proxy SDOH variables, on average 4.7% of the AM variance across groups and 7.1% of the MEC variance across groups represented departures from the gold standard.

Conclusion:
Researchers may want to consider AM over MEC when modeling outcomes by race-and-ethnicity given that AM outperforms MEC in predicting racial-and-ethnic differences in proxy SDOH characteristics and is comparably accurate in predicting differences in patient experience. Unlike MEC, AM does not assume that every multiracial person has similar outcomes and that Hispanic persons have similar outcomes irrespective of race.
Sociodemographic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance studies with diverse recruitment strategies, Canada, 2020 to 2023
Authors: Knight Matthew J. , Yu Yuan , Chen Jiacheng , O’Brien Sheila F. , Buckeridge David L. , Charlton Carmen , Russell W. Alton 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSerological testing was a key component of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) surveillance. Social distancing interventions, resource limitations, and the need for timely data led to serosurveillance studies using a range of recruitment strategies, which likely influenced study representativeness. Characterizing representativeness in surveillance is crucial to identify gaps in sampling coverage and to assess health inequities.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed three pre-existing longitudinal cohorts, two convenience samples using residual blood, and one de novo probabilistic survey conducted in Canada between April 2020 – November 2023. We calculated study specimen counts by age, sex, urbanicity, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood deprivation quintiles. We derived a ‘representation ratio’ as a simple metric to assess generalizability to a target population and various sociodemographic strata.ResultsThe six studies included 1,321,675 specimens. When stratifying by age group and sex, 65% of racialized minority subgroups were moderately underrepresented (representation ratio < 0.75). Representation was generally higher for older Canadians, urban neighborhoods, and neighborhoods with low material deprivation. Rural representation was highest in a study that used outpatient laboratory blood specimens. Racialized minority representation was highest in a de novo probabilistic survey cohort.ConclusionWhile no study had adequate representation of all subgroups, less traditional recruitment strategies were more representative of some population dimensions. Understanding demographic representativeness and barriers to recruitment are important considerations when designing population health surveillance studies.
Slow spatial migration can help eradicate cooperative antimicrobial resistance in time-varying environments
Authors: Hernández-Navarro Lluís , Distefano Kenneth , Täuber Uwe C. , Mobilia Mauro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat and combating its spread is of paramount importance. AMR often results from a cooperative behaviour with shared drug protection. Micro-bial communities generally evolve in volatile, spatially structured settings. Migration, fluctuations, and environmental variability significantly impact AMR. While AMR is enhanced by migration in static conditions, this changes in time-fluctuating spatially structured environments. We consider a two-dimensional metapopulation consisting of demes in which drug-resistant and sensitive cells evolve in a time-changing environment containing a toxin against which protection can be shared. Cells migrate between demes and connect them. When the environment varies neither too quickly nor too slowly, population bottlenecks cause fluctuation-driven extinctions, countered by migration. We investigate the influence of migration and environmental variability on AMR, determining the near-optimal conditions for resistance eradication. We show how slow migration speeds up and enhances AMR clearance. We discuss our study’s impact on laboratory-controlled experiments.Author summaryAs the number of microbes resisting antimicrobial drugs grows alarmingly, it is of paramount importance to tackle this major societal issue. Resistant microbes often inhibit antibiotics in the environment around them, and hence offer protection to drug-sensitive bacteria in a form of cooperative behaviour. Moreover, microbes typically are distributed in space and live in time-changing environments, where they are subject to random fluctuations. Environmental variability, fluctuations, and spatial dispersal all have a strong influence on the drug resistance of microbial organisms. Here we investigate the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in time-varying spatial environments by combining computational and mathematical means. We study the dynamics of drug-resistant and sensitive cells in the presence of an antimicrobial drug, when microbes are spatially distributed across a two-dimensional grid of well-mixed sub-populations (demes). Cells migrate between neighbouring demes, connecting these sub-populations, and are subject to sudden changes of environment. We show that when environmental variations occur neither too rarely nor too often, the joint effect of slow migration and fluctuations can help eradicate drug resistance by speeding up and enhancing the extinction probability of resistant bacteria. We also discuss how our findings can be probed in laboratory experiments.
The RAB27A effector SYTL5 regulates mitophagy and mitochondrial metabolism
Authors: Lapao Ana , Johnson Lauren Sophie , Trachsel-Moncho Laura , Singh Sakshi , Wui Ng Matthew Yoke , Nakken Sigve , Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa , Simonsen Anne 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSYTL5 is a member of the Synaptotagmin-Like (SYTL) protein family that differs from the Synaptotagmin family by having a unique N-terminal Synaptotagmin homology domain that directly interacts with the small GTPase RAB27A. Several SYTL protein family members have been implicated in plasma membrane transport and exocytosis, but the specific function of SYTL5 remains unknown. We here show that SYTL5 is a RAB27A effector and that both proteins localise to mitochondria and vesicles containing mitochondrial material. Mitochondrial recruitment of SYTL5 depends on its interaction with functional RAB27A. We demonstrate that SYTL5-RAB27A positive vesicles containing mitochondrial material and LAMP1 form during hypoxia and that SYTL5 and RAB27A promote mitophagy under hypoxia mimicking conditions, indicating a role for these proteins in mitophagy. Indeed, we find that SYTL5 interacts with proteins involved in vesicle-mediated transport and cellular response to stress and that its depletion compromises mitochondrial respiration and increases glucose uptake. Intriguingly, SYTL5 expression is significantly reduced in tumours of the adrenal gland, and correlates positively with survival for patients with adrenocortical carcinoma.
Behavior and survival of earthworm (Eisenia andrei) to exposure to glyphosate-contaminated weed compost
Authors: Vazquez Maria Luisa Velazquez , Ortiz-Ceballos Gustavo C. , Yáñez-Rivera Beatriz , Ortiz-Ceballos Angel I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWeeds growing in crops contribute to the maintenance of soil biodiversity; for example, they are a source of organic matter and nutrients for soil invertebrates. However, little is known about the impact of glyphosate-contaminated weeds on the behavior and survival of earthworms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior and survival of the earthwormEisenia andreiupon exposure to a glyphosate-contaminated weed compost. The study employed standardized avoidance and acute tests to assess the repellency and mortality ofE. andreiearthworms at four doses of the commercial herbicide (l/ha): Control = 0, Low = 2, Medium = 4, and High = 6. The avoidance essay results indicated that earthworms with similar biomass did not avoid glyphosate-contaminated weed composts, with avoidance rates < 80%. However, the acute test revealed that increasing the herbicide dose led to a reduction in earthworm growth and mortality. Consequently, it was concluded that weed composts with glyphosate exerted a toxic effect on the survival ofE. andrei. It is recommended that future studies focus on the microbiota associated withE. andreiin the decomposition of the weed and the degradation of the herbicide.
Donor Strand Complementation and Calcium Ion Coordination Drive the Chaperone-free Polymerization of Archaeal Cannulae
Authors: Sleutel Mike , Sonani Ravi R. , Miller Jessalyn G. , Wang Fengbin , Socorro Andres Gonzalez , Chen Yang , Martin Reece , Demeler Borries , Rudolph Michael J. , Alva Vikram , Remaut Han , Egelman Edward H. , Conticello Vincent P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCannulae are tubular protein filaments that accumulate on the extracellular surface of the hyperthermophilic archaeonPyrodictium abyssiduring cell division. Cannulae have been postulated to act as a primitive extracellular matrix through which cells could communicate or exchange material, although their native biological function remains obscure. Here, we report cryoEM structural analyses ofex vivocannulae and ofin vitroprotein assemblies derived from recombinant cannula-like proteins. Three-dimensional reconstructions ofP. abyssicannulae revealed that the structural interactions between protomers in the native and recombinant filaments were based on donor strand complementation, a form of non-covalent polymerization in which a donor β-strand from one subunit is inserted into an acceptor groove in a β-sheet of a neighboring subunit. Donor strand complementation in cannulae is reinforced through calcium ion coordination at the interfaces between structural subunits in the respective assemblies. While donor strand complementation occurs during the assembly of chaperone-usher pili, this process requires the participation of accessory proteins that are localized in the outer membrane. In contrast, we demonstrate that calcium ions can induce assembly of cannulae in the absence of other co-factors. Crystallographic analysis of a recombinant cannula-like protein monomer provided evidence that calcium ion binding primes the precursor for donor strand invasion through unblocking of the acceptor groove. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that structurally homologous cannula-like proteins occurred within the genomes of other hyperthermophilic archaea and were encompassed within the TasA superfamily of biomatrix proteins. CryoEM structural analyses of tubular filaments derived fromin vitroassembly of a recombinant cannula-like protein from an unculturedHyperthermusspecies revealed a common mode of assembly to thePyrodictiumcannulae, in which donor strand complementation and calcium ion binding stabilized longitudinal and lateral assembly in tubular 2D sheets.
Osthole Suppresses Prostate Cancer Progression by Modulating PRLR and the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Axis
Authors: Yan Linjun , He Yuanqiao , Cui Qi , Wang Xiaohong , Lv Feng , Cao Keyue , Shao Yuanjian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProstate cancer is a common malignancy in men with limited effective treatment options, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Osthole, a natural coumarin compound with antitumor properties, has demonstrated potential in targeting various cancers. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of Osthole in prostate cancer by focusing on its ability to target the Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) and modulate the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Using a combination of network pharmacology, in vitro assays, and in vivo experiments, we first employed network pharmacology to predict Osthole’s potential targets, identifying 68 targets shared with prostate cancer, including AKT1, TNF, IL6, STAT3, and CTNNB1. We then confirmed these targets and assessed the effects of Osthole on cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell invasion assays. To further elucidate the molecular interactions and protein expression levels, we employed molecular docking and western blot analysis. Our findings revealed that Osthole significantly inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner and reduced tumor volume in in vivo assays. Western blot analysis also indicated that Osthole downregulated PRLR expression and decreased the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, suggesting the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. These results collectively highlight the therapeutic potential of Osthole in targeting prostate cancer cells through PRLR and modulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, warranting further clinical exploration.
Mapping of Shore Area Wetlands in Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia Using Sentinel-1A SAR and Multi-Source Data
Authors: Wondim Yirga Kebede , Melese Ayalew Wondie , Assefa Workiyie Worie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractShore area wetlands (lacustrine fringe) play a critical role as ecotones that support biodiversity, provide habitats for spawning and refuge, and exhibit high levels of primary productivity. They facilitate significant exchanges of materials between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. To effectively manage and preserve these important resources, it is essential to understand their distribution, size, and dynamic changes. This study aimed to create an accurate map of shoreline wetlands using multi-temporal and multi-source data, wetland indicators (hydrology, vegetation, hydric soils), and radar imagery from Sentinel-1A, employing Geomatica software. Additionally, ArcGIS software was used to map the topographic position, Lake Bathymetry, and hydric soil indicators for wetlands. The analytical hierarchy process and weighted overlay methods were also applied in the mapping process for integrating all the indicators to obtain the final extent of shoreline wetlands. The topography position wetland indicator map covered about 55,364ha, while hydric soils covered around 55,151 ha within a 3 km buffer from Lake Tana. The map of hydrology indicator for wetlands revealed that permanently inundated areas accounted for roughly 591,312 ha, and when temporarily inundated areas were included, the total coverage increased to 607,053 ha. Hydrophytic vegetation, including invasive water hyacinth, covered over 74,772 ha. Overall, shoreline wetlands were predominantly located within three kilometers of the terrestrial area from Lake Tana, totaling 26,664 ha. The overall accuracy of land use and cover classification was recorded at 79%, with a Kappa statistic of 0.70, indicating that the resulting map is of acceptable quality. The integration of multi-temporal and multi-source data, along with wetland indicators and radar imagery from Sentinel-1A using Geomatica software, has provided valuable insights into the spatial distribution of shoreline wetlands in Lake Tana. The findings from this study will serve as an important reference for future research aimed at effectively managing and conserving these vital resources.
The genetic diversity and populational specificity of the human gut virome at single nucleotide resolution
Authors: Wang Xiuchao , Dong Quanbin , Huang Pan , Yang Shuai , Gao Mengke , Zhang Chengcheng , Zhang Chuan , Deng Youpeng , Huang Zijing , Ma Beining , Jiao Yuwen , Zhou Yan , Wu Tingting , Zou Huayiyang , Shi Jing , Sheng Yanhui , Wang Yifeng ,   CGVR Consortium, Tang Liming , Hu Shixian , Duan Yi , Sun Wei , Chen Wei , Zhai Qixiao , Kong Xiangqing , Chen Lianmin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLarge-scale characterization of gut viral genomes provides strain-resolved insights into host-microbe interactions. However, existing viral genomes are mainly derived from Western populations, limiting our understanding of global gut viral diversity and functional variations necessary for personalized medicine and addressing regional health disparities.Here, we introduce the Chinese Gut Viral Reference (CGVR) set, consisting of 120,568 viral genomes from 3,234 deeply sequenced fecal samples collected nationwide, covering 72,751 viral species-level clusters (VSCs), nearly 90% of which are absent from current databases. Analysis of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in 233 globally prevalent VSCs revealed that 18.9% showed significant genetic stratification between Chinese and non-Chinese populations, potentially linked to bacterial infection susceptibility. The predicted bacterial hosts of population-stratified viruses exhibit distinct genetic components associated with health-related functions, including multidrug resistance. Additionally, viral strain diversity at the SNV level correlated with human phenotypic traits, such as age and gastrointestinal issues like constipation. Our analysis also indicates that the human gut bacteriome is specifically shaped by the virome, which mediates associations with human phenotypic traits.This foundational resource underscores the unique genetic makeup of the gut virome across populations and emphasizes the importance of recognizing gut viral genetic heterogeneity for deeper insights into regional health implications.
Search for singly charmed dibaryons in baryon-baryon scattering
Authors: Cui Yao , Wu Yuheng , Huang Hongxia , Ping Jialun , Zhu Xinmei 
Published: December 2024

We perform a systematical investigation of the singly charmed dibaryon system with strangeness numbers S=−1, −3, and −5 in the framework of the chiral quark model. Two resonance states with strangeness numbers S=−1 are obtained in the baryon-baryon scattering process. In the ΛΛc and NΞc* scattering phase shifts, the ΣΣc appears as a resonance state with the mass and width 3591–3614 MeV and 11.75 MeV, respectively. In the NΞc and NΞc′ scattering phase shifts, the ΣΣc* exhibits as a resonance state with the mass and width 3621–3624 MeV and 14.9 MeV, respectively. All these heavy-flavor dibaryons are worth searching for in experiments. Besides, we would like to emphasize that the coupling calculation between the bound channels and open channels is indispensable. The study of the scattering process maybe an effective way to look for the genuine resonances.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
95 GeV Higgs boson and spontaneous
CP
-violation at the finite temperature
Authors: Gao Jing , Han Xiao-Fang , Ma Jinghong , Wang Lei , Xu Haotian 
Published: December 2024

The ATLAS and CMS collaborations reported a diphoton excess in the invariant mass distribution around the 95.4 GeV with a local significance of 3.1σ. Moreover, there is another 2.3σ local excess in the bb¯ final state at large electron-positron collider in the same mass region. A plausible solution is that the Higgs sector is extended to include an additional Higgs boson with a mass of 95.4 GeV. We study a complex singlet scalar extension of the two-Higgs-doublet model in which the 95.4 GeV Higgs is from the mixing of three CP-even Higgs fields. In addition, the extended Higgs potential can achieve spontaneous CP-violation at the finite temperature and restore CP symmetry at the present temperature of the Universe. We find that the model can simultaneously explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, the diphoton and bb¯ excesses around the 95.4 GeV while satisfying various relevant constraints including the experiments of collider and electric dipole moment.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
New audiences’ theater attendance in China: the impacts of transmedia storytelling, fan economy and social media marketing
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhao Mingda 
Published: December 2024

PurposeWith the rise of new generations of audiences, the marketing environment of theaters has undergone significant changes. The study investigates how transmedia storytelling, fan economy and social media marketing influence new audiences’ curiosity and drive their attendance intention at theater performances.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized an online questionnaire, collecting 1,032 valid responses from participants predominantly aged 18–30 (62.02%). Respondents from mainland China completed measures on five main variables.FindingsThe study reveals that curiosity played a mediating role in the influence of transmedia adaptation and social media marketing on attendance. Specifically, transmedia adaptation and social media marketing both positively impact attendance through curiosity. However, idol starring does not significantly affect either curiosity or attendance.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations include potential recall bias due to a high proportion of respondents with prior theater experience and preliminary measurement scales for idol starring. Future research could explore the interactions between transmedia adaptation and social media marketing and consider cross-cultural studies.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that transmedia adaptation and social media marketing can effectively attract and engage new theatergoers.Social implicationsBy targeting new audiences, this research highlights how modern marketing strategies can enhance audience engagement and accessibility of performing arts in China.Originality/valueThis research provides novel insights into new audiences’ decision-making process of their first visit to the theater. It offers a unique perspective on attendance behavior, addressing gaps in understanding audience engagement in performing arts.