bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of functional markers from Dw1 and Dw2 loci to assistant predict apple rootstock dwarfing ability
Authors: Yang Feng , Shen Fei , Liu Zhi , He Mingli , Wang Yi , Wu Ting , Xu Xuefeng , Li Wei , Qiu Changpeng , Zhang Xinzhong , Han Zhenhai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: ‘M9’ is a widely used apple dwarfing rootstock due to the outstanding effects on both precocity and vigorous control. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs), Dw1 and Dw2, for the dwarfing effect were previously mapped on ‘M9’, but the genetic variations that underpin the dwarfing ability have not been elucidated to date. Result: By using ‘Red Fuji’(Malus × domestica Borkh.) trees grafted on 1123 hybrids from ‘Malus baccata Borkh.’ × ‘M9’, the intervals of Dw1 and Dw2 were narrowed down. MdLBD3 (Md Lateral organ boundaries domain 3)and MdARF6 (Md Auxin response factor 6) were predicted as potential candidate genes from Dw1, while MdG3OX3 (Md Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 3) was a possible candidate gene from Dw2. An 11 bp deletion at -339 bp upstream of the transcription start site (TSS) of MdLBD3 generated a new cis-element binding site with MdWRKY2 (Md WRKY transcription factor 2)and caused increased expression of MdLBD3. Coincidently, a ten bp deletion at -278 bp upstream of the TSS of MdG3OX3 created an additional binding site of MdABI5 (Md Abscisic acid insensitive 5), leading to higher expression of MdG3OX3. At -954 bp of the MdARF6 promoter, a 14 bp insertion destroyed the binding ability by MdGAMYB (Md transcription factor GAMYB)and reduced MdARF6 expression. The genotype effects of these insertion and deletions as diagnostic markers on dwarfing traits (tree height, trunk diameter, and canopy width) were estimated in 108 F1 hybrids. The genomic predicted genetic values (GEGV) were calculated by adding up the genotype effects of the three markers and the population mean phenotype. The GEGV of the dwarfing traits exhibited high correlation coefficients of 0.93, 0.94, and 0.93 in terms of tree height, trunk diameter, and canopy width for the observed phenotype values, respectively. The predictability of GEGV was validated in 64 Malus accessions. Conclusion: The development of the three functional markers, Ld/Li, Ad/Ai, and Gd/Gi, ensures the genomic assisted prediction of dwarfing ability in apple rootstock breeding. The data also suggested that hormone (ABA, Auxin, GA, and zeatin signals) is one of the regulation pathways in controlling apple rootstock dwarfing mechanisms.
Sustained Dysregulation of the Plasma Renin-angiotensin System in Acute COVID-19
Authors: Burns Kevin , Cheng Matthew , Lee Todd , McGeer Allison , Sweet David , Tran Karen , Lee Terry , Murthy Srinivas , Boyd John , Singer Joel , Walley Keith , Patrick David , Lamontagne Francois , Marshall John , Haljan Greg , Fowler Robert , Winston Brent , Russell James 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 enters cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and COVID-19 infection may therefore induce changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). To determine the effects of COVID-19 on plasma RAS components, we measured plasma ACE, ACE2, and angiotensins I, (1-7), and II in 46 adults with COVID-19 at hospital admission and on days 2, 4, 7 and 14, compared to 50 blood donors (controls). We compared survivors vs. non-survivors, males vs. females, ventilated vs. not ventilated, and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-exposed vs. not exposed. At admission, COVID-19 patients had higher plasma levels of ACE (p=0.012), ACE2 (p=0.001) and angiotensin-(1-7) (p<0.001) than controls. Plasma ACE and ACE2 remained elevated for 14 days in COVID-19 patients, while plasma angiotensin-(1-7) decreased after 7 days. In adjusted analyses, plasma ACE was higher in males vs. females (p=0.042), and plasma angiotensin I was significantly lower in ventilated vs. non-ventilated patients (p=0.001). In summary, plasma ACE and ACE2 are increased for at least 14 days in patients with COVID-19 infection. Angiotensin-(1-7) levels are also elevated, but decline after 7 days. The results indicate dysregulation of the RAS with COVID-19, with increased circulating ACE2 throughout the course of infection.Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ Unique Identifier: NCT04510623
Long-term economic benefits of stabilizing warming without overshoot – the ENGAGE model intercomparison
Authors: Riahi Keywan , Bertram Christoph , Huppmann Daniel , Rogelj Joeri , Bosetti Valentina , Cabardos Anique-Marie , Deppermann Andre , Drouet Laurent , Frank Stefan , Fricko Oliver , Fujimori Shinichiro , Harmsen Mathijs , Hasegawa Tomoko , Krey Volker , Luderer Gunnar , Paroussos Leonidas , Schaeffer Roberto , Weitzel Matthias , Zwaan Bob van der , Vrontisi Zoi , Longa Francesco Dalla , Després Jacques , Fosse Florian , Fragkiadakis Kostas , Gusti Mykola , Humpenöder Florian , Keramidas Kimon , Kishimoto Paul , Kriegler Elmar , Meinshausen Malte , Nogueira Larissa P. , Oshiro Ken , Popp Alexander , Rochedo Pedro , Unlu Gamze , Ruijven Bastiaan van , Takakura Jun'ya , Tavoni Massimo , Vuuren Detlef van , Zakeri Behnam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Global emissions scenarios play a critical role in the assessment of strategies to mitigate climate change and their related societal transformations. The current generation of scenarios, however, are criticized because they rely heavily on net negative CO2 emissions (NNCE) that result from allowing temperature limits to be temporarily exceeded. In this study we present a new set of emissions scenarios that exclude NNCE. We show that such scenarios require a more rapid near-term transformation with significant long-term gains for the economy (even without considering the benefits of avoided climate impacts). Scenarios that avoid temperature overshoot and NNCE are thus not only economically more attractive over the long term, they also involve lower climate risks. Our study further identifies possible alternative configurations of net-zero CO2 emissions systems and the distinct roles of different sectors and regions in order to balance emissions sources and sinks.
Optimal Allocation of Tomato Supply to Minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Major U.S. Metropolitan Markets
Authors: Bell Eric , Qin Yuwei , Horvath Arpad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The United States food system requires energy, water, and land in significant proportions, releases large quantities of greenhouse gases, and contributes to other environmental concerns. Meeting future demand for fresh food will be especially challenging, requiring the adoption of holistic, systems-level thinking to maximize production and supply while limiting consequences to the climate and natural resources. We have developed a cradle-to-market life-cycle environmental model to assess the greenhouse gas footprint of fresh tomatoes supplied to ten of the largest metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. A linear optimization algorithm is applied to determine the optimal tomato distribution scheme that will minimize tomato-related greenhouse gas emissions across all ten areas. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to assess the uncertainties in the data. Results indicate that the current tomato distribution scheme is suboptimal; re-allocating the fresh tomato supply across these ten areas has the potential to decrease transportation-related emissions by 34% and overall tomato-related greenhouse gas emissions by 13%—from 277,000 MTCO2e to 242,000 MTCO2e. The substantial variability of the optimized scenario raises questions about its practical implementation. Ultimately, however, production practices and geographic conditions (such as soil and climate) are more significant with respect to environmental impact than the supply allocation or the seasonality of supply. Our analysis found a roughly six-fold difference between Philadelphia tomatoes sourced from open-field Virginian production (0.38 kgCO2e/kg) compared with controlled-environment Mexican production (2.3 kgCO2e/kg).
Bulk Segregant Approaches to Nutritional Genomics in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: KUMAR SUDHIR , Li Xue , McDew-White Marina , Reyes Ann , Sayeed Abeer , Haile Meseret , Kennedy Spencer , Carmago Nelly , Checkley Lisa , Vendrely Katelyn , Button-Simons Katrina , Cheeseman Ian , Kappe Stefan , Nosten François , Ferdig Michael , Vaughan Ashley , Anderson Timothy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nutrient acquisition/metabolism pathways provide potent targets for drug design. We conducted crosses between African (NF54) and Asian (NHP4026) malaria parasites, and compared genome-wide allele frequency changes in independent progeny populations grown in human serum or AlbuMAX, a commercial bovine serum formulation. We detected three QTLs linked with differential growth that contained strong candidate genes: aspartate transaminase AST (chromosome 2), cysteine protease ATG4 (chr. 13) and EBA-140 (chr. 14). Alleles inherited from NF54 (chr. 2 and 14) and from NHP4026 (chr. 13) were positively selected in AlbuMAX, while the same alleles were selected against in serum. Selection driving differential growth was strong (s = 0.10 – 0.23 per 48-hour lifecycle) and observed in all biological replicates. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of bulk segregant approaches for revealing nutritional polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum. This approach will allow systematic dissection of nutrient acquisition/metabolism pathways that are potential targets for intervention against P. falciparum.
Immunodetection of Furcraea Necrotic Streak Virus-FSNV in Fique Plants (Furcraea Macrophylla Baker) Using A Polyclonal Antibody IgY Produced in Chicken Egg Yolk
Authors: Toloza-Moreno Deisy , Villamizar-Rivero Laura , Cuartas-Otálora Paola , Barrera-Cubillos Gloria 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The necrotic streak of the fique (Furcraea spp.) or “Macana” disease is considered the most limiting disease for this crop in Colombia, whose causal agent is the Furcraea Necrotic Streak Virus - FSNV (RNA +). Currently, there are no strategies to control the disease, being necessary to develop methods for early detection of this disease in the planting material before being taken to the field. In this study, polyclonal antibodies produced in egg yolk (IgY) were assesses for detection FSNV. Two immunoenzymatic methodologies were standardized: Dot Blot Immunobinding Assay (DBIA) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), determining their specificity and sensitivity. The detection limit by DBIA corresponded to 8 µg/mL of purified virus suspension using 10 µg/mL of primary antibody. In the ELISA test, the primary antibody concentration of 3 µg/mL (1:800 dilution) detected the antigen at concentrations between 10 and 70 µg/mL. The polyclonal antibody anti-FNSV IgY allowed the detection of FNSV in samples of purified virus and extracts of roots and leaves of fique plants with symptoms of “Macana” disease and did not produce any signal with the control samples. Results showed the potential of using egg yolk IgY for immunological test as a novel approach for the early detection of FNSV in fique plants.
Competing zero-field Chern insulators in Superconducting Twisted Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Efetov Dmitri , Stepanov Petr , Xie Ming , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Lu Xiaobo , MacDonald Allan , Bernevig B. Andrei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The discovery of magic angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) has unveiled a rich variety of superconducting, magnetic and topologically nontrivial phases. The existence of all these phases in one material, and their tunability, has opened new pathways for the creation of unusual gate tunable junctions. However, the required conditions for their creation – gate induced transitions between phases in zero magnetic field – have so far not been achieved. Here, we report on the first experimental demonstration of a device that is both a zero-field Chern insulator and a superconductor. The Chern insulator occurs near moiré cell filling factor = +1 in a hBN non-aligned MATBG device and manifests itself via an anomalous Hall effect. The insulator has Chern number C= ±1 and a relatively high Curie temperature of Tc ≈ 4.5 K. Gate tuning away from this state exposes strong superconducting phases with critical temperatures of up to Tc ≈ 3.5 K. In a perpendicular magnetic field above B > 0.5 T we observe a transition of the = +1 Chern insulator from Chern number C = ±1 to C = 3, characterized by a quantized Hall plateau with Ryx = h/3e2. These observations show that interaction-induced symmetry breaking in MATBG leads to zero-field ground states that include almost degenerate and closely competing Chern insulators, and that states with larger Chern numbers couple most strongly to the B-field. By providing the first demonstration of a system that allows gate-induced transitions between magnetic and superconducting phases, our observations mark a major milestone in the creation of a new generation of quantum electronics.
Healthy Eating Behavior Change with Psychological Features and Insulin Resistance: Buffet and Food Diary App Analysis
Authors: Kim Meelim , Park Seihee , Kim Courtney , Choi Hyung Jin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Food intake, proportion, and diversity are the major cornerstones of eating behavior. This study examined changes in eating behavior phenotypes using a randomized controlled study (RCT) of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for healthy behavior augmentation (dCBT), with 45 individuals in the dCBT group and 25 individuals in the control group. The dCBT group received a daily intervention for lifestyle modification, while the control group performed self-care for eight weeks. The food intake, proportion, and diversity of both groups were assessed using two different methods: a food diary via a mobile app and buffet test meals consisting of 24 food items classified as healthy or unhealthy. Results revealed that dCBT was successful in promoting healthy eating behaviors that led to physiological and psychological adjustment for the metabolic mechanisms and consequences of healthy eating behavior. Restrained eating behavior at baseline significantly predicted changes in food intake and diversity of healthy diets after the intervention. Lastly, changes in satisfaction with body shape and insulin resistance were significantly correlated with changes in food intake and diversity in healthy diets. These findings suggest that investigating eating behaviors using objective and self-report methods and psychological and physiological indices can facilitate individualized treatment in obesity clinics.
Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals High-Salt Diet-Induced Abnormal Liver Metabolic Pathways in Mice
Authors: Li Yanping , Lyu Yufei , Huang Jing , Huang Kun , Yu Jiufei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Although salt plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological metabolism of the human body, many potential abnormalities in liver, especially with normal pathological results, caused by high-salt diet are not well characterized. Methods: Eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a high salt group. After feeding with normal or sodium-rich chow (containing 6% NaCl) for 6 weeks. Liver injury were evaluated and the influences of a high-salt diet on liver were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. Results: We found that although no liver parenchymal injury was found after high-salt feeding, many metabolic abnormalities had formed based on transcriptome sequencing results. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes revealed that at least 15 enzyme activities and the metabolism of multiple substances were affected by a high-salt diet. Moreover, a variety of signaling, and metabolic pathways, as well as biological functions, including some known pathways and many novel ones, such as retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and signaling pathways, were involved in liver dysfunction due to a high-salt diet. Conclusions: High-salt diet could induce a serious abnormal liver metabolic pathway in mice, although substantial damage has not yet been shown. This study is the first to reveal the impact of a high-salt diet on the liver at the omics level, and provides theoretical support for potential clinical risk evaluation, pathogenic mechanisms, and drug design for combating liver dysfunction, and this study also provides a serious candidate direction for further research on the physiological impacts of high-salt diets.
Movement Behaviors during COVID-19. A Survey among Children under Five Years of Latin American Origin or Descent from Chile, Mexico, and the US
Authors: Jauregui Alejandra , Salvo Deborah , Aguilar-Farias Nicolas , Okely Anthony 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior (including screen time), and sleep) have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to report changes in and factors influencing movement behaviors during COVID-19 among Latin American/Latino children aged 1 to 5 years in Chile, Mexico, and the USA. We conducted a cross-sectional study between April and August 2020. Caregivers reported changes in movement behaviors and provided information about family and household characteristics. In total, 4,136 children (mean age [SD], 3.1 [1.4] years; 51% boys). The proportion of children who met the WHO Guidelines decreased significantly in all countries, with large declines in meeting the physical activity and screen time guidelines. Factors associated with changes were being an older child, unable to attend an early childhood education and care service, higher parental education levels, not having the opportunity to play with someone, and not having access to spaces to play. During COVID-19, Latino parents reported changes in physical activity, screen time, and sleep quality among their toddlers and preschoolers. The findings highlight the need to minimize disparities faced by families by providing access to early childhood education and care and safe places for children to play.
HDM exposure enhances subsequent responses to OVA-induced food allergy
Authors: Lin Jianli , Chen Desheng , Chang Kexin , Li Dan , Guan Lvxin , Sun Baoqing , Yang Pingchang , Liu Zhigang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
HDM (House dust mites) are important environmental trigger factors of airway allergic diseases, the allergens of HDM were detected in the human gut mucosa, which induces local inflammation and increases intestinal permeability. This study tests a hypothesis that house dust mites contribute to the development of OVA (ovalbumin)-induced food allergy. The serum levels of IgE against HDM in patients with food allergy were detected with UniCAP100 (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden); the HDM-induced/the OVA-induced mouse model of food allergy was developed. Difference between 2 groups was determined by Student t test or ANOVA if more than two groups. Compared to the healthy controls, the patients with food allergy have higher levels of serum IgE against HDM. Compared to food allergy alone groups, the levels of IgE against HDM in food allergy with asthma or allergic rhinitis groups were increased significantly. In mouse models, we found that HDM/OVA induced allergy-like symptoms, lower body temperature, and lower body weight. The levels of IgE, IgG1, mMCP-1 (mouse mast cell protease-1), IL-4 and IL-5 in the HDM and HDM + CT (cholera toxin) groups were higher than the control groups, and the levels of IgE, IgG1, IL-4 and IL-5 in the HDM, OVA and HDM + OVA groups were higher than the control groups. The pathology of intestinal tract in the HDM and HDM + CT/the HDM, OVA and HDM + OVA groups were more severe and exhibited more eosinophils than the control groups. Moreover, the prior exposure to HDM induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, and facilitated the development of intestinal allergy in mice. Based on above data and previous researches, we put forward that HDM exposure enhances subsequent responses to OVA-induced food allergy.
Guided Growth Vs. Tibial Osteotomy in Early Stage of Blount Disease
Authors: ASSAN Beaudelaire Romulus , SIMON Anne-Laure , ADJADOHOUN Sonia , SEGBEDJI Geraud Garcia Philemon Satingo , ASSOUTO Cedric Bignon Ulrich , HOUEGBAN Amoussou Sedjro Clotaire Romeo , SOUCHET Philippe , GOUDJO Eudes Ulrich Elvis Mahougnon , METCHIHOUNGBE Codjo Serge , YASSEGOUNGBE Monsoïa Gildas , FIOGBE Michel Armand , ILHARREBORDE Brice , GBENOU Antoine Seraphin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: There are no real comparative study between guided growth and tibial osteotomy in early stage of Blount disease. The aim of this work was to compare the results of patients treated by these two techniques. Method: We had performed a multicenter retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over a period of 05 years. All children admitted for Blount disease without medial proximal tibial epiphysiodesis and treated by one of these techniques were included. Age, sex, existence of tibial torsion, radiological stage based on Catonne's classification were studied. We also evaluated preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at latest follow-up tibiofemoral angle, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, and the tibial metaphyso-diaphyseal angle. Results: Seventeen (17) patients for 24 knees were included. The sex ratio was 0.54. All patients had tibial torsion. Fourteen knees (64%) were treated by guided growth at a mean age of 5.5±2.5 (range, 3-9 years). With a mean follow-up of 12 ± 3.5 months (range 6-15month); tibiofemoral, mechanical medial proximal tibial, and tibial metaphyso-diaphyseal angles were significantly corrected with normalization of the mechanical axis in 8 patients (60%). Ten patients (36%) were treated by revisited Rab osteotomy at a mean age of 7.7±4.9 years (range, 4-12 years). At a mean follow-up of 23±15 months (range, 10-48 months), only tibial metaphyso-diaphyseal angle was significantly corrected. The recurrence rate was 60%. Despite perfect correction of tibiofemoral, and mechanical medial proximal tibial angles in immediate postoperative follow-up, they gradually decrease in patients treated by Rab osteotomy, whereas they gradually increased in case of guided growth. Conclusion: Guided growth appears to be the best treatment for early stage of Blount disease. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered
New criteria for histopathological classification of testis based on Johnsen score for male infertility using automated deep learning software
Authors: Ito Yurika , Unagami Mami , Yamabe Fumito , Mitsui Yozo , Nakajima Koichi , Nagao Koichi , Kobayashi Hideyuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We examined whether a tool for determining Johnsen scores automatically using artificial intelligence (AI) could be used in place of traditional Johnsen scoring to support pathologists’ evaluations. Average precision, precision, and recall assessed by the Google Cloud AutoML vision platform. We obtained testicular tissues for the 275 patients and were able to make 264 haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained glass microscope slides. In addition, we cut out of parts of the histopathology images (5.0 X 5.0 cm) for expansion of Johnsen’s characteristic areas with seminiferous tubules. We defined four labels: Johnsen score 1-3, 4-5, 6-7, and 8-10 to distinguish Johnsen scores in clinical practice. All images were uploaded to the Google Cloud AutoML vision platform. We obtained a dataset of 7155 images at magnification X400 and a dataset of 9822 expansion images for the 5.0 X 5.0 cm cutouts. For the X400 magnification image dataset, the average precision (positive predictive value) of the algorithm was 82.6%, precision was 80.31%, and recall was 60.96%. For the expansion image dataset (5.0 X 5.0 cm), the average precision of the algorithm was 99.5%, precision was 96.29%, and recall was 96.23%. This is the first report of an AI-based algorithm for predicting Johnsen scores.