bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting an axion-like particle with machine learning at the LHC
Authors: Ren Jie , Wang Daohan , Wu Lei , Yang Jin Min , Zhang Mengchao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Axion-like particles (ALPs) appear in various new physics models with spon- taneous global symmetry breaking. When the ALP mass is in the range of MeV to GeV, the cosmology and astrophysics bounds are so far quite weak. In this work, we investi- gate such light ALPs through the ALP-strahlung production processes pp → W±a, Za with the sequential decay a → γγ at the 14 TeV LHC with an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1 (HL-LHC). Building on the concept of jet image which uses calorimeter towers as the pixels of the image and measures a jet as an image, we investigate the potential of machine learning techniques based on convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify the highly boosted ALPs which decay to a pair of highly collimated photons. With the CNN tagging algorithm, we demonstrate that our approach can extend current LHC sensitivity and probe the ALP mass range from 0.3 GeV to 5 GeV. The obtained bounds are stronger than the existing limits on the ALP-photon coupling.
Global anomalies on the Hilbert space
Authors: Delmastro Diego , Gaiotto Davide , Gomis Jaume 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We show that certain global anomalies can be detected in an elementary fashion by analyzing the way the symmetry algebra is realized on the torus Hilbert space of the anomalous theory. Distinct anomalous behaviours imprinted in the Hilbert space are identified with the distinct cohomology “layers” that appear in the classification of anomalies in terms of cobordism groups. We illustrate the manifestation of the layers in the Hilbert for a variety of anomalous symmetries and spacetime dimensions, including time-reversal symmetry, and both in systems of fermions and in anomalous topological quantum field theories (TQFTs) in 2 + 1d. We argue that anomalies can imply an exact bose-fermi degeneracy in the Hilbert space, thus revealing a supersymmetric spectrum of states; we provide a sharp characterization of when this phenomenon occurs and give nontrivial examples in various dimensions, including in strongly coupled QFTs. Unraveling the anomalies of TQFTs leads us to develop the construction of the Hilbert spaces, the action of operators and the modular data in spin TQFTs, material that can be read on its own.
Finding AdS5 × S5 in 2+1 dimensional SCFT physics
Authors: Van Raamsdonk Mark , Waddell Chris 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study solutions of type IIB string theory dual to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on half of ℝ3,1 coupled to holographic three-dimensional superconformal field theories (SCFTs) at the edge of this half-space. The dual geometries are asymptotically AdS5×S5 with boundary geometry ℝ2,1×ℝ+, with a geometrical end-of-the-world (ETW) brane cutting off the other half of the asymptotic region of the would-be Poincaré AdS5×S5. We show that by choosing the 3D SCFT appropriately, this ETW brane can be pushed arbitrarily far towards the missing asymptotic region, recovering the “missing” half of Poincaré AdS5×S5. We also show that there are 3D SCFTs whose dual includes a wedge of Poincaré AdS5×S5 with an angle arbitrarily close to π, with geometrical ETW branes on either side.
Spinning amplitudes from scalar amplitudes
Authors: Balasubramanian Mahesh K. N. , Patil Raj , Rudra Arnab 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe provide a systematic method to compute tree-level scattering amplitudes with spinning external states from amplitudes with scalar external states in arbitrary spacetime dimensions. We write down analytic answers for various scattering amplitudes, including the four graviton amplitude due to the massive spinJexchange. We verify the results by computing angular distributions in 3 + 1 dimensions using various identities involving Jacobi polynomials.
Dark matter electromagnetic dipoles: the WIMP expectation
Authors: Hambye Thomas , Xu Xun-Jie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We perform a systematic study of the electric and magnetic dipole moments of dark matter (DM) that are induced at the one-loop level when DM experiences four-fermion interactions with Standard Model (SM) charged fermions. Related to their loop nature these moments can largely depend on the UV completion at the origin of the four-fermion operators. We illustrate this property by considering explicitly two simple ways to generate these operators, from t- or s-channel tree-level exchange. Fixing the strength of these interactions from the DM relic density constraint, we obtain in particular a magnetic moment that, depending on the interaction considered, lies typically between 10−20 to 10−23 ecm or identically vanishes. These non-vanishing values induce, via photon exchange, DM-nucleus scattering cross sections that could be probed by current or near future direct detection experiments.
Differences in the prevalence of erectile dysfunction between novel subgroups of recent-onset diabetes
Authors: Maalmi Haifa , Herder Christian , Bönhof Gidon J. , Strassburger Klaus , Zaharia Oana-Patricia , Rathmann Wolfgang , Burkart Volker , Szendroedi Julia , Roden Michael , Ziegler Dan ,   GDS Group
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
In men with diabetes, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction increases with advanced age and longer diabetes duration and is substantially higher in men with type 2 diabetes than those with type 1 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction among the five novel subgroups of recent-onset diabetes and determine the strength of associations between diabetes subgroups and erectile dysfunction.

Methods
A total of 351 men with recent-onset diabetes (<1 year) from the German Diabetes Study baseline cohort and 124 men without diabetes were included in this cross-sectional study. Erectile dysfunction was assessed with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations between diabetes subgroups (each subgroup tested against the four other subgroups as reference) and erectile dysfunction (dependent binary variable), adjusting for variables used to define diabetes subgroups, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and depression.

Results
The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was markedly higher in men with diabetes than in men without diabetes (23% vs 11%, p = 0.004). Among men with diabetes, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction was highest in men with severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD) (52%), lowest in men with severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID) (7%), and intermediate in men with severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD) and mild age-related diabetes (MARD) (31%, 18% and 29%, respectively). Men with SIRD had an adjusted RR of 1.93 (95% CI 1.04, 3.58) for prevalent erectile dysfunction (p = 0.038). Similarly, men with SIDD had an adjusted RR of 3.27 (95% CI 1.18, 9.10) (p = 0.023). In contrast, men with SAID and those with MARD had unadjusted RRs of 0.26 (95% CI 0.11, 0.58) (p = 0.001) and 1.52 (95% CI 1.04, 2.22) (p = 0.027), respectively. However, these associations did not remain statistically significant after adjustment.

Conclusions/interpretation
The high RRs for erectile dysfunction in men with recent-onset SIRD and SIDD point to both insulin resistance and insulin deficiency as major contributing factors to this complication, suggesting different mechanisms underlying erectile dysfunction in these subgroups.

Graphical abstract
Establishment of a multi-parameters MRI model for predicting small lymph nodes metastases (<10 mm) in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shi Yan-Jie , Liu Bo-Nan , Li Xiao-Ting , Zhu Hai-Tao , Wei Yi-Yuan , Zhao Bo , Sun Shao-Shuai , Sun Ying-Shi , Hao Chun-Yi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the potential role of MR findings and DWI parameters in predicting small regional lymph nodes metastases (with short-axis diameter < 10 mm) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs).

Methods
A total of 127 patients, 82 in training group and 45 in testing group, with histopathologically diagnosed PDACs who underwent pancreatectomy were retrospectively analyzed. PDACs were divided into two groups of positive and negative lymph node metastases (LNM) based on the pathological results. Pancreatic cancer characteristics, short axis of largest lymph node, and DWI parameters of PDACs were evaluated.

Results
Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that extrapancreatic distance of tumor invasion, short-axis diameter of the largest lymph node, and mean diffusivity of tumor were independently associated with small LNM in patients with PDACs. The combining MRI diagnostic model yielded AUCs of 0.836 and 0.873, and accuracies of 81.7% and 80% in the training and testing groups. The AUC of the MRI model for predicting LNM was higher than that of subjective MRI diagnosis in the training group (rater 1, P = 0.01; rater 2, 0.008) and in a testing group (rater 1, P = 0.036; rater 2, 0.024). Comparing the subjective diagnosis, the error rate of the MRI model was decreased. The defined LNM-positive group by the MRI model showed significantly inferior overall survival compared to the negative group (P = 0.006).

Conclusions
The MRI model showed excellent performance for individualized and noninvasive prediction of small regional LNM in PDACs. It may be used to identify PDACs with small LNM and contribute to determining an appropriate treatment strategy for PDACs.
Year-round movements of Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis from Kolguev Island, Barents Sea
Authors: Quillfeldt Petra , Morkūnas Julius , Kruckenberg Helmut , Kondratyev Alexander , Loshchagina Julia , Aarvak Tomas , Øien Ingar Jostein , Bellebaum Jochen , Glazov Petr 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArctic birds migrating southwards face a multitude of challenges such as habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation of food resources and climate change impacts. Long-tailed Duck winter populations in the Baltic Sea have declined in recent decades. However, precise spatial data are lacking, especially from males. Thus, we aimed to identify the wintering grounds, timing of migration and stopover sites of males and females. We studied spatiotemporal distribution patterns of eight male and five female Long-tailed Ducks using implanted ARGOS satellite transmitters. Birds were tagged in the breeding season on Kolguev Island, Russia. After the breeding period, Long-tailed Ducks from Kolguev used three main post-breeding areas: most males undertook long distance eastward post-breeding migration to areas around the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas, while one male and four females moved short to the southeast coast of Kolguev, and one female moved to Mezhdusharsky Island in the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. Autumn migration included stopover sites in the White Sea, Lake Ladoga, the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Riga, and all birds except one spent the winter in the southern part of the Baltic Sea, from the Pomeranian coast and Hoburgs bank to the Gulf of Finland. Only one female stayed in the White Sea for the winter. All but one bird used the White Sea as a stopover site in May, suggesting that this area is of special importance.
TBK1 haploinsufficiency results in changes in the K63-ubiquitination profiles in brain and fibroblasts from affected and presymptomatic mutation carriers
Authors: Khoshnood Behzad , Ullgren Abbe , Laffita-Mesa Jose , Öijerstedt Linn , Patra Kalicharan , Nennesmo Inger , Graff Caroline 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease, resulting in progressive problems in language and/or behaviour and is often diagnosed before 65 years of age. Ubiquitin positive protein aggregates in the brain are among the key pathologic hallmarks of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) postmortem. The TANK-binding kinase 1 gene (TBK1) is on the list of genes that can contribute to the development of FTD as well as the related neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods
In this study, using an array of clinical and neuropathological data combined with biochemical and proteomics assays, we analyze the TBK1 splice-mutation (c.1340 + 1G > A) in a Swedish family with a history of FTD and ALS. We also explore the K63 ubiquitination landscape in post-mortem brain tissue and fibroblast cultures.

Results
The intronic (c.1340 + 1G > A) mutation in TBK1 results in haploinsufficiency and affects the activity of the protein in symptomatic and pre-symptomatic mutation carriers.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the mutation leads to a significant reduction of TBK1 activity and induce alterations in K63 ubiquitination profile of the cell already in the presymptomatic stages.
Burden of disease in myasthenia gravis: taking the patient’s perspective
Authors: Lehnerer Sophie , Jacobi Jonas , Schilling Ralph , Grittner Ulrike , Marbin Derin , Gerischer Lea , Stascheit Frauke , Krause Maike , Hoffmann Sarah , Meisel Andreas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Myasthenia gravis (MG) leads to exertion-dependent muscle weakness, but also psychological and social well-being are limited. We aim to describe the burden of disease in MG including sociodemographic, economical, psychosocial as well as clinical aspects, to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with MG to the general population (genP) and to explore risk factors for a lower HRQoL.

Methods
This case–control study was conducted with MG patients of the German Myasthenia Association. A questionnaire-based survey included sociodemographic and clinical data as well as standardized questionnaires, e.g. the Short Form Health (SF-36). HRQoL was compared to genP in a matched-pairs analysis. Participants of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) served as control group.

Results
In our study, 1660 MG patients participated and were compared to 2556 controls from the genP. Patients with MG showed lower levels of physical functioning (SF-36 mean 56.0, SD 30.3) compared to the genP (mean 81.8, SD 22.1, adjusted difference: 25, 95% CI 22–29) and lower mental health sub-score (SF-36 mean 67.3, SD 19.8, vs. 74.1, SD 16.7, adjusted difference: 5, 95% CI 2–8). Female gender, higher age, low income, partnership status, lower activities of daily life, symptoms of depression, anxiety and fatigue and self-perceived low social support were associated with a lower HRQoL in MG patients.

Discussion
HRQoL is lower in patients with MG compared to genP. The burden of MG on patients includes economic and social aspects as well as their emotional well-being. New therapies must achieve improvements for patients in these areas.

Trial registration information
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03979521, submitted: June 7, 2019, first patient enrolled: May 1, 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03979521
Von Kossa and his staining technique
Authors: Schneider Marlon R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne hundred and twenty years ago, the Hungarian physician Julius von Kossa developed a now classical staining method for detecting mineral deposits in animal tissues. Since then, this method has been widely adapted and combined with different counterstains, but still bears the name of its original inventor, who, if alive, would have turned 150 in 2015. As a rather inexpensive technique that does not require special instrumentation, von Kossa’s staining method became extremely popular for demonstrating mineralized tissues in vivo and in vitro. This article pays tribute to von Kossa and to his handy staining method.
Does a third intermediate model for the vomeronasal processing of information exist? Insights from the macropodid neuroanatomy
Authors: Torres Mateo V. , Ortiz-Leal Irene , Villamayor Paula R. , Ferreiro Andrea , Rois José Luis , Sanchez-Quinteiro Pablo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe study of the α-subunit of Gi2 and Go proteins in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) was crucial for the identification of the two main families of vomeronasal receptors, V1R and V2R. Both families are expressed in the rodent and lagomorph AOBs, according to a segregated model characterized by topographical anteroposterior zonation. Many mammal species have suffered from the deterioration of the Gαo pathway and are categorized as belonging to the uniform model. This scenario has been complicated by characterization of the AOB in the tammar wallaby, Notamacropus eugenii, which appears to follow a third model of vomeronasal organization featuring exclusive Gαo protein expression, referred to as the intermediate model, which has not yet been replicated in any other species. Our morphofunctional study of the vomeronasal system (VNS) in Bennett’s wallaby, Notamacropus rufogriseus, provides further information regarding this third model of vomeronasal transduction. A comprehensive histological, lectin, and immunohistochemical study of the Bennett’s wallaby VNS was performed. Anti-Gαo and anti-Gαi2 antibodies were particularly useful because they labeled the transduction cascade of V2R and V1R receptors, respectively. Both G proteins showed canonical immunohistochemical labeling in the vomeronasal organ and the AOB, consistent with the anterior–posterior zonation of the segregated model. The lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin selectively labeled the anterior AOB, providing additional evidence for the segregation of vomeronasal information in the wallaby. Overall, the VNS of the Bennett’s wallaby shows a degree of differentiation and histochemical and neurochemical diversity comparable to species with greater VNS development. The existence of the third intermediate type in vomeronasal information processing reported in Notamacropus eugenii is not supported by our lectin-histochemical and immunohistochemical findings in Notamacropus rufogriseus.
Temporal and spatial variation in sex-specific abundance of the avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi)
Authors: Common Lauren K. , Sumasgutner Petra , Sumasgutner Shane C. , Colombelli-Négrel Diane , Dudaniec Rachael Y. , Kleindorfer Sonia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the range and behaviour of an invasive species is critical to identify key habitat areas to focus control efforts. Patterns of range use in parasites can differ temporally, across life stages and between sexes. The invasive avian vampire fly,Philornis downsi, spends the larval stage of its life within bird nests, feeding on developing nestlings and causing high levels of mortality and deformation. However, little is known of the ecology and behaviour of the non-parasitic adult fly life stage. Here, we document sex-specific temporal and spatial patterns of abundance of adult avian vampire flies during a single Darwin’s finch breeding season. We analyse fly trapping data collected across 7 weeks in the highlands (N = 405 flies) and lowlands (N = 12 flies) of Floreana Island (Galápagos). Lowland catches occurred later in the season, which supports the hypothesis that flies may migrate from the food-rich highlands to the food-poor lowlands once host breeding has commenced. Fly abundance was not correlated with host nesting density (oviposition site) but was correlated with distance to the agricultural zone (feeding site). We consistently caught more males closer to the agricultural zone and more females further away from the agricultural zone. These sex differences suggest that males may be defending or lekking at feeding sites in the agricultural zone for mating. This temporal and sex-specific habitat use of the avian vampire fly is relevant for developing targeted control methods and provides insight into the behavioural ecology of this introduced parasite on the Galápagos Archipelago.
Agglomerative Clustering of Growing Squares
Authors: Castermans Thom , Speckmann Bettina , Staals Frank , Verbeek Kevin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study an agglomerative clustering problem motivated by interactive glyphs in geo-visualization. Consider a set of disjoint square glyphs on an interactive map. When the user zooms out, the glyphs grow in size relative to the map, possibly with different speeds. When two glyphs intersect, we wish to replace them by a new glyph that captures the information of the intersecting glyphs. We present a fully dynamic kinetic data structure that maintains a set of n disjoint growing squares. Our data structure uses $$O\bigl (n \log n \log \log n\bigr )$$

O

(

n
log
n
log
log
n

)

space, supports queries in worst case $$O\bigl (\log ^2 n\bigr )$$

O

(

log
2

n

)

time, and updates in $$O\bigl (\log ^5 n\bigr )$$

O

(

log
5

n

)

amortized time. This leads to an $$O\bigl (n\,\alpha (n)\log ^5 n\bigr )$$

O

(

n

α

(
n
)

log
5

n

)

time algorithm to solve the agglomerative clustering problem. This is a significant improvement over the current best $$O\bigl (n^2\bigr )$$

O

(

n
2

)

time algorithms.
Real-time super-resolution mapping of locally anisotropic grain orientations for ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation of crystalline material
Authors: Singh Jonathan , Tant Katherine , Curtis Andrew , Mulholland Anthony 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEstimating the spatially varying microstructures of heterogeneous and locally anisotropic media non-destructively is necessary for the accurate detection of flaws and reliable monitoring of manufacturing processes. Conventional algorithms used for solving this inverse problem come with significant computational cost, particularly in the case of high-dimensional, nonlinear tomographic problems, and are thus not suitable for near-real-time applications. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a framework which uses deep neural networks (DNNs) with full aperture, pitch-catch and pulse-echo transducer configurations, to reconstruct material maps of crystallographic orientation. We also present the first application of generative adversarial networks (GANs) to achieve super-resolution of ultrasonic tomographic images, providing a factor-four increase in image resolution and up to a 50% increase in structural similarity. The importance of including appropriate prior knowledge in the GAN training data set to increase inversion accuracy is demonstrated: known information about the material’s structure should be represented in the training data. We show that after a computationally expensive training process, the DNNs and GANs can be used in less than 1 second (0.9 s on a standard desktop computer) to provide a high-resolution map of the material’s grain orientations, addressing the challenge of significant computational cost faced by conventional tomography algorithms.
On rectifiable measures in Carnot groups: representation
Authors: Antonelli Gioacchino , Merlo Andrea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the theory of rectifiability in arbitrary Carnot groups, and in particular with the study of the notion of $$\mathscr {P}$$
P
-rectifiable measure. First, we show that in arbitrary Carnot groups the natural infinitesimal definition of rectifiabile measure, i.e., the definition given in terms of the existence of flat tangent measures, is equivalent to the global definition given in terms of coverings with intrinsically differentiable graphs, i.e., graphs with flat Hausdorff tangents. In general we do not have the latter equivalence if we ask the covering to be made of intrinsically Lipschitz graphs. Second, we show a geometric area formula for the centered Hausdorff measure restricted to intrinsically differentiable graphs in arbitrary Carnot groups. The latter formula extends and strengthens other area formulae obtained in the literature in the context of Carnot groups. As an application, our analysis allows us to prove the intrinsic $$C^1$$

C
1

-rectifiability of almost all the preimages of a large class of Lipschitz functions between Carnot groups. In particular, from the latter result, we obtain that any geodesic sphere in a Carnot group equipped with an arbitrary left-invariant homogeneous distance is intrinsic $$C^1$$

C
1

-rectifiable.