bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontological Insecurity and Decision-Making during Black Swan and Dragon King Events, and COVID-19
Authors: Nash Susan Smith 
Published: November 2021

The tremendously disruptive global pandemic of COVID-19 has had a destabilizing effect on individuals and groups as it triggered a profound uncertainty about the ability of nations, organizations, and individuals to survive. Under such conditions, decision-making was affected in a number of ways which has a profound implication for leaders and policymakers. This paper presents new theoretical lenses that incorporate literary and cultural narratives to consider the various potential classifications of COVID-19 as a “Black Swan” or “Dragon King” event, and how the disruption has precipitated psychological distress. Further, the paper discusses the notion that Dragon King extreme events may be precursors to catastrophic transition. In this analysis, we look at concepts such as R. D. Laing’s The Divided Self, and the psychological concept of ontological insecurity. While the concept is a psychological one, it has been applied to the analysis of literature, with very illuminating results. Likewise, the concept could be applied to the factors going into thinking about reality, one’s relationships with others, and then, decision-making. When combined with techniques to develop self-awareness, such as the Johari window, even more insight is achievable. The overall purpose of the paper is to analyze the relatively hidden or unacknowledged literary narratives that constitute driving mechanisms in decision-making in psychological and ontologically destabilizing Black Swan and Dragon King events.
Evaluation and Comparison of Functional and Aesthetic Outcomes of McGregor and Stepped Lower Lip-Split Incisions for Extirpation of Primary Tumor in Cases of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity (SCCOC)
Authors: Gupta Chetan , Bhola Nitin , Jadhav Anendd , Sharma Akhil 
Published: November 2021

Background: Clear surgical margins are of utmost importance in surgical oncological procedures. Secondary consideration includes the functional and aesthetic outcomes of the patients after the procedure. The recognised surgical approach to the posteriorly located oral cavity and oropharyngeal tumors involves the splitting of the lower lip with or without mandibulectomy. In order to perk up postoperative function and aesthetics, quite a lot of modiﬁcations of the unique midline lower lip-splitting incision have been projected by various authors till date. A stepped ladder lower lip split incision (LLSI) helps in improved functional and aesthetic outcomes.
Objectives: The prime accent of the study is to compare the McGregor LLSI and the stepped LLSI with respect to functional and aesthetic outcomes in tumors ablation for SCCOC.
Methodology: The study population (n=22) is assigned randomly in two equal groups as a subject in the ratio of 1:1. Systemically healthy histologically diagnosed patients of SCCOC requiring LLSI for the tumours ablation will be included. In Group A- McGregor LLSI will be performed and in Group B- a Stepped LLSI would performed. Post-operative assessment of functional and aesthetic outcomes will be done.
Expected Results: A stepped ladder LLSI used for tumours ablation will be effective in preserving post-operative lip movement, lip competency and cosmesis.
Conclusion: Utility of a Stepped ladder LLSI for accessibility and ablation of posterior oral and oropharyngealtumors would be undoubtfully beneficial for improving post-operative functional and aesthetic outcomes and could be executed in routine oncologic surgery.
A Study of Anxiety on Experimental Epileptic Rat Models using Dark Light Box
Authors: Praba A. Mary Antony , Venkatramanaiah C. , Jayakumari S. , Murugaperumal Ganesan 
Published: November 2021

The word neurodegeneration refers to defects in neuronal structure and consequently its function. The main characteristics of these disorders are relentless progression and cognitive declination. Epilepsy is one of the neurodegenerative disorders, around 50 million people in the world are affected with. Though it is one of the major health problems in the present society, there are several gaps in understanding the consequences related to neurological disorders. As research works related to neurodegeneration is very much limited in India we have planned one as an initiative.
We segregated 8 animal groups, each with 6 animals for this work. The animal groups are LC, CO, AC15, AC25, AC35, BA10, BA15 and BA20. This study was conducted on 10th day after the lesion by considering the day of lesion as day ‘1’ and the next day as day 2nd. All the animals were recovered completely within these 10 days and were put in the dark light box to analyse the anxiety level of the animals, so as to analyse the effect of the drug employed. This particular study clearly supported the efficacy of the drug as the drug group animals were less anxious or even behaved normal. Both the crude extract and the selected active principle have proved their efficacy by the study.
Clinico-Radiological Profile of Abdominal Pain in Children Admitted in a Tertiary Care Centre-A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Paramasivam Jai Durairaj , Manasa Thangella , Srinath Melpakkam Venkatesan , Prasaadh Hari 
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim: Mesenteric lymphadenitis in pediatric population usually presents with abdominal pain mimicking appendicitis mounting a challenging task for physicians to diagnose. It is a self-limiting inflammatory process and resolves spontaneously. In addition to clinical features, ultrasonography is the primary diagnostic modality. We aimed to evaluate the clinico-radiological characteristics of mesenteric adenitis in patients presenting with abdominal pain. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 patients attending paediatric out-patient and paediatric surgery clinic in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, between January 2018 and December 2020 with abdominal pain for several aetiologies were included in this study. The clinical presentation, laboratory parameters and the ultrasonographic findings were noted. Data summarized as numbers, percentages and Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD).
Results: Peak prevalence was found to be at around 8 [range 6-10] years. Clinically, 58.3% had fever, 40.7% had dysuria and 36.1% had diarrhoea. Laboratory parameters were non-specific for this condition. Majority of the enlarged lymph nodes were found in the right lower quadrant (81.5%) followed by (10.2%) in the para-umbilical region and (8.3%) in left lower quadrant.
Conclusions: Mesenteric lymphadenitis as an individual clinical entity is a very challenging task for the paediatricians to evaluate and diagnose due to several possible variations in the clinical presentation. Although mesenteric lymphadenitis is usually a self limiting entity, a cohort of children warrant medical interventions.
Effect of Nigella sativa on Testosterone Level in Albino Rats Treated with Doxorubicin
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Sundus Sadia , . Ata-Ur-Rehman , Fatmee Sarwat , Imran Muhammad , Naz Safia 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To measure the influence of Nigella sativa on testosterone level of albino rats treated with doxorubicin
Study Design: Investigational study.
Place of Study: Animal House, JPMC, Karachi,
Materials and Methods: This study was accompanied on 3-4 months old, 40 albino rats, in the animal house of BMSI, Anatomy department, Karachi for 5 weeks were taken for this study and distributed into 4 groups, A1, A2, A3 &A4. A1 served as control, A2 receive Doxorubicin 3 mg/kg /week intraperitonealy, A3 receive extract of Nigella sativa 1000mg/kg daily orally along with Doxorubicin 3 mg / kg /week intraperitonealy and A4 receive extract of Nigella sativa 1000mg/kg daily orally. At completion of study, animals were sacrifice and tissues were preserved for staining.
Time of Study: The time of study was 35 days.
Results: In A2 serum Testosterone was markedly decreased, i.e 3.093+0.091 ng/ml as compared to A1 though serum levels were extremely substantial raise in A3 when compared with A2. This shows amended role of Nigella sativa on Doxorubicin induced kidney.
Conclusion: This study reveals that Nigella sativa amended the serum levels of testosterone of doxorubicin induced kidney.
Deep Learning-based Models of Molecular Phenotypes for Predicting the Overall Survival in Cancer
Authors: Cazzato Gerardo , Oak Anjali , Khan Asim Mustafa , Jayesh . 
Published: November 2021

Aims: The aim of the study is to justify the need of deep learning predictive model in obtaining molecular phenotypes of overall cancer survival.
Study Design: The study is based on the secondary qualitative data analysis through usage of systematic review.
Methodology: A qualitative study has been conducted to analyse the necessity of deep learning. It also includes the need for deep learning models to obtain the imaging of the cancer cells. In the study, a detailed discussion on deep learning has been made. The analysis of the primary sources has been obtained by evaluating the quality of the resources in the study. The study also comprises of a thematic analysis that enlightens the benefits of deep learning. The study is based on the analysis of 14 primary research-based articles out of 112 quantitative articles and structuring of a systematic review from the collected data.
Results: The morphological and physiological changes that occur in the cancerous cells have been clearly evaluated in the research. The result signifies the prediction can be made by implementing deep learning in terms of cancer survival. Advancements in terms of technology in the medical field can thus be improved with the help of the deep learning process. It states the advancements of the deep learning models that are helpful in predicting the model of cancer to determine survival rate.
Conclusion: Deep learning is a process that is considered to be a subset of artificial intelligence. Deep learning programmes are meant to be performed for complex learning models. Although there is difference in the concept of deep learning and image processing still artificial intelligence brings both together so as to ensure better performance in image processing. The need for deep learning models has become invasive, and it helps to build a strong ground for cancer survival.
Varian ethos online adaptive radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Early results of contouring accuracy, treatment plan quality, and treatment time
Authors: Byrne Mikel , Archibald‐Heeren Ben , Hu Yunfei , Teh Amy , Beserminji Rhea , Cai Emma , Liu Guilin , Yates Angela , Rijken James , Collett Nick , Aland Trent 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Varian Ethos system allows for online adaptive treatments through the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and deformable image registration which automates large parts of the anatomical contouring and plan optimization process. In this study, treatments of intact prostate and prostate bed, with and without nodes, were simulated for 182 online adaptive fractions, and then a further 184 clinical fractions were delivered on the Ethos system. Frequency and magnitude of contour edits were recorded, as well as a range of plan quality metrics. From the fractions analyzed, 11% of AI generated contours, known as influencer contours, required no change, and 81% required minor edits in any given fraction. The frequency of target and noninfluencer organs at risk (OAR) contour editing varied substantially between different targets and noninfluencer OARs, although across all targets 72% of cases required no edits. The adaptive plan was the preference in 95% of fractions. The adaptive plan met more goals than the scheduled plan in 78% of fractions, while in 15% of fractions the number of goals met was the same. The online adaptive recontouring and replanning process was carried out in 19 min on average. Significant improvements in dosimetry are possible with the Ethos online adaptive system in prostate radiotherapy.
Room‐Temperature Nonvolatile Molecular Memory Based on Partially Unzipped Nanotube
Authors: Peng Zhisheng , Deng Ya , Wei Haonan , Peng Kang , Liu Hui , Jin Jiyou , Wang Zhongpu , Chu Weiguo , Zhang Jian , Li Yong Jun , Liu Zheng , Sun Lianfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNonvolatile memories have attracted a lot of interest because they retain the data when the power is interrupted. Smaller size and improved performance of nonvolatile memories are pursued both for basic research and applications. In this work, a molecular wire made of seamless junctions between semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and partially unzipped segments of the SWNTs are reported. This novel nanostructure is demonstrated to be a nonvolatile memory, which works at room temperature under atmospheric conditions. The characteristics of the device are measured with a four‐terminal configuration and a non‐local voltage (Vnon‐local) is used as the storage signal. An electrical hysteresis of Vnon‐local is observed, wherein two states with different Vnon‐local can be switched by the application of an electric field through an insulating gate device structure, exhibiting nonvolatile characteristics. Vnon‐local can be modulated with external magnetic fields and the mechanism of the electrical hysteresis is attributed to the magnetic moments at the partially unzipped SWNT. The smaller size of SWNT and high working temperature may lead to the development of molecular nanomagnets as nonvolatile memory devices for practical applications.
Conversion of 2D MXene to Multi‐Low‐Dimensional GerMXene Superlattice Heterostructure
Authors: Rafieerad Alireza , Amiri Ahmad , Yan Weiang , Eshghi Hossein , Dhingra Sanjiv 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntegration of 2D structures into other low‐dimensional materials results in the development of distinct van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHSs) with enhanced properties. However, obtaining 2D–1D–0D vdWHSs of technologically useful next generation materials, transition‐metal carbide MXene and monoelemental Xene nanosheets in a single superlattice heterostructure is still challenging. Here, the fabrication of a new multidimensional superlattice heterostructure “GerMXene” from exfoliated M3X2Tx MXene and hydrogenated germanane (GeH) crystals, is reported. Direct experimental evidence for conversion of hydrothermally activated titanium carbide MXene (A‐MXene) to GerMXene heterostructure through the rapid and spontaneous formation of titanium germanide (TiGe2 and Ti6Ge5) bonds, is provided. The obtained GerMXene heterostructure possesses enhanced surface properties, aqueous dispersibility, and Dirac signature of embedded GeH nanosheets as well as quantum dots. GerMXene exhibits functional bioactivity, electrical conductivity, and negative surface charge, paving ways for its applications in biomedical field, electronics, and energy storage.
Critical Review, Recent Updates on Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) and Its Derivatives for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Jadhav Harsharaj S. , Bandal Harshad A. , Ramakrishna Seeram , Kim Hern 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDesign and construction of low‐cost electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity and long‐term stability is a challenging task in the field of catalysis. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) are promising candidates as precursor materials in the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage applications. This review starts with a summary of basic concepts and key evaluation parameters involved in the electrochemical water‐splitting reaction. Then, different synthesis approaches reported for the cobalt‐based Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) and its derivatives are critically reviewed. Additionally, several strategies employed to enhance the electrocatalytic activity and stability of ZIF‐67‐based electrocatalysts are discussed in detail. The present review provides a succinct insight into the ZIF‐67 and its derivatives (oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, selenides, phosphide, nitrides, telluride, heteroatom/metal‐doped carbon, noble metal‐supported ZIF‐67 derivatives) reported for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and overall water splitting applications. Finally, this review concludes with the associated challenges and the perspectives on developing the best economic, durable electrocatalytic materials.
Phase engineering of metal‐organic frameworks
Authors: Ma Chen , Zheng Long , Wang Gang , Guo Jun , Li Liuxiao , He Qiyuan , Chen Ye , Zhang Hua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs an important category of porous crystalline materials, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted extensive research interests owing to their unique structural features such as tunable pore structure and enormous surface area. Besides controlling the size, dimensionality, and composition of MOFs, further exploring the crystal‐phase‐dependent physicochemical properties is essential to improve their performances in various applications. Recently, great progress has been achieved in the phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), which provides an effective strategy to tune the functional properties of nanomaterials by modulating the arrangement of atoms. In this review, we adopt “phase” instead of “topology” to describe the crystal structure of MOFs and summarize the recent advances in phase engineering of MOFs. The two main strategies used to control the phase of MOFs, that is, phase‐controlled synthesis and phase transformation of MOFs, will be highlighted. The roles of various reaction parameters in controlling the crystal phase of MOFs are discussed. Then, the phase dependence of MOFs in various applications including luminescence, adsorption, and catalysis are introduced. Finally, some personal perspectives about the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field are presented.
Parental perceptions of bladder dysfunction in children with symptomatic joint hypermobility
Authors: Veriki Marianna , Coomer Annette , V. Simmonds Jane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChildren with symptomatic joint hypermobility (SJH) report chronic pain, fatigue, and joint instability as their main symptoms. Symptoms can extend beyond musculoskeletal and include lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). There are no studies exploring parent‐perceived quality of life (QoL) in children with LUTD, or strategies used to manage symptoms in this population. Our online cross‐sectional survey assessed parents of 6–18‐year‐olds via two UK charitable organizations. It included the Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire (PinQ), the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score, and questions exploring treatments and efficacy. Sixty‐seven parental questionnaires were analyzed. The majority of children were white females (95%, n = 64). Urgency (97%, n = 65) and enuresis (41.7%, n = 28) were the most frequently reported symptoms. The PinQ questionnaire showed that children were emotionally distressed by LUTD. Twenty‐nine parents (43%, n = 29) reported pharmacotherapy as the most effective treatment. Few had accessed other treatments such as physiotherapy (16%, n = 18). Most parents reported that overall treatment did not meet their expectations. This study highlights that parents perceive LUTD as having a great impact on their child's QoL. There is need for education among clinicians about LUTD and hypermobility‐related disorders, and for development and evaluation of treatments.
Clinical Issues—December 2021
Authors: deKay Karen 
Published: November 2021

THIS MONTHMoldin the ORKey words:Aspergillus, mold, fungal infection, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, neutropenia.Removingmold in the ORKey words:remediation,source, removal, containment, mold.Cesareandelivery surgical site prepKey words:cesarean delivery, umbilicus, surgical skin antisepsis, transverse Pfannenstiel incision, vertical incision.Commerciallyavailable premoistened single‐use mop pad use in an ambulatory surgery centerKey words:Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)–registered disinfectant, hospital‐grade disinfectant, environmental cleaning, mopping, between‐procedure turnover.
Synthesis and characterization of high fluorine‐containing polyimides with low‐dielectric constant
Authors: Wu Xueliang , Cai Jing , Cheng Yuanrong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAromatic polyimides (PI) with low‐dielectric constant are becoming more and more important with the continuous development of high‐speed communication technology. Herein, high fluorine‐containing PI with low‐dielectric constant was prepared. First, a novel aromatic diamine monomer 4,4′‐(3,3′‐bis[trifluoromethyl]biphenyl‐4,4′‐diyl)bis(oxy)bis(3‐[trifluoromethyl]aniline) bearing multi‐trifluoromethyl groups (12FDA) was synthesized and characterized. Subsequently, a series of PI with high‐fluorine content (HFPI) were obtained by two‐step polymerization of 12FDA with three commercial dianhydrides. The polymer films cured at a maximum temperature of 310°C showed excellent thermal and mechanical properties with high‐glass transition temperatures (>250°C) and high‐storage modulus (> = 2.0 GPa). The 5% weight loss temperatures of HFPIs were all above 500°C, which indicated that HFPIs exhibited excellent thermostability. Meanwhile, HFPI exhibited low‐water absorption (<0.3%) and low‐dielectric constant (2.40–2.68 at 1 MHz). The excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties make it a promising dielectric material in electronics and communication industry.
Plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings: Effects of polyamide additive on injection molding part quality
Authors: Xie Pengcheng , Chen Junxiang , Ye Bading , Wang Ruixue , Dang Kaifang , Yang Weimin , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA simple and economic atmospheric plasma spraying method for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) preparation on the mold cavity was developed to improve the injection parts properties. 7 wt% yttria stabilized zirconia was used as spray material with polyamide 11 (PA 11) as pore‐forming agents to improve the coating properties. The effect of PA 11 powder contents on the microstructure, thermal conductivity, bonding strength and hardness of TBCs were studied. The results show that the thermal conductivity of TBCs decreased with the addition of PA 11, and the bonding strength reached maximum of 21.38 MPa with 10% PA 11 addition. Further studies confirm that TBCs were able to maintain a high and stable temperature in the mold cavity due to its low thermal conductivity, validated by the elimination of the welding line. With TBCs, the average tensile strength and elongation at yield of the injection parts increased by 25.6% and 128%, respectively.
Microwave‐Assisted Ruthenium‐ and Rhodium‐Catalyzed Couplings of α‐Amino Acid Ester‐Derived Phosphinamides with Alkynes
Authors: Li Xue‐Hong , Gong Jun‐Fang , Song Mao‐Ping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo different types of new phosphinamide α‐amino ester derivatives have been prepared in moderate to high yields via ruthenium(II) and rhodium(III)‐catalyzed ortho‐C−H functionalization under microwave irradiation. Specifically, the ortho‐alkenylated phosphinamides were produced through coupling of phosphinamides containing an α‐substituted or α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino ester with internal alkynes under ruthenium catalysis. In contrast, Ru and the more effective Rh‐catalyzed coupling of the α‐unsubstituted glycine ester phosphinamide with alkynes resulted in formation of oxidative annulation products, phosphaisoquinolin‐1‐ones. The developed methods feature the use of easily accessible starting materials, short reaction time, exclusive E‐stereoselectivity (for ortho‐alkenylation) and good functional group tolerance. The alkenylation reaction was readily scaled up to gram scale. Furthermore, the obtained alkenylated phosphinamide could be transformed into P‐containing dipeptides through hydrolysis of the ester group in the catalysis product and subsequent condensation with an α‐amino ester.