bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect and difference between the threatened and endemic status on the general public support towards wildlife species in a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Espinosa-Molina Martín , Rodriguez-Jorquera Ignacio A. , Beckmann Volker 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGeneral public inclusion in nature conservation is crucial to accomplish wildlife species recovery. Mammal and bird species usually receive most of the research and general public attention, leaving aside other taxa species. It is necessary to obtain general public support towards other taxa species by emphasizing ecological attributes. Here we test if the disclosure of the threatened and endemic status of amphibians, fish, and invertebrates, could increase general public support. Additionally, we wanted to identify if the threatened and endemic status could implicate a difference in support. Interviews (N: 359) were conducted among the general public in Valdivia, Chile, to elicit the support, allocation of a fictional fixed amount of conservation funds (WTS), towards native wildlife species. The species were two mammals, and four bird species, none threatened nor endemic, and two amphibians, one fish, and three invertebrates, all threatened and endemic. The WTS was derived on two occasions for each participant. Firstly presenting colorful pictures with the name of the species and, secondly, adding the threatened and endemic status in two separate treatments. Results indicated mammal and bird species with significantly higher WTS when pictures and names were provided. The main driver was a misperception of the threatened status of these species. When the threatened and endemic status was disclosed, the WTS significantly shift towards the amphibians, fish, and invertebrates. No difference in the WTS was spotted between the threatened or endemic status. As our results indicate participants associate charismatic species (mammal and birds) with threatened status. We encourage nature conservation entities to promote a broader spectrum of wildlife species by emphasizing conservation needs.
Can Subjectivism Account for Degrees of Wellbeing?
Authors: van der Deijl Willem , Brouwer Huub 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWellbeing describes how good life is for the person living it. Wellbeing comes in degrees. Subjective theories of wellbeing maintain that for objects or states of affairs to benefit us, we need to have a positive attitude towards these objects or states of affairs: the Resonance Constraint. In this article, we investigate to what extent subjectivism can plausibly account for degrees of wellbeing. There is a vast literature on whether preference-satisfaction theory – one particular subjective theory – can account for degrees of wellbeing. This is generally taken to be problematic. However, other subjective theories – namely, desire-satisfaction, judgment- and value-fulfillment theories – do not suffer from the same difficulties. We introduce two models of degrees of wellbeing a subjectivist can employ: the Relative and the Absolute Model, and defend the claim that both models face difficulties. In particular, we argue that a subjectivist theory should describe instances of depression as instances of low degrees of wellbeing. We also argue that a reduction of desires may sometimes improve one’s degree of wellbeing, an idea we call the Epicurean Intuition. We then argue that the Relative Model fails to account for the disbenefit of certain types of depression, while the Absolute Model fails to meet a central commitment of subjectivism – the Resonance Constraint – and is unable to accommodate the Epicurean Intuition. The upshot of the paper is that subjectivist theories cannot account for degrees of well-being in a plausible way.
A Feasibility Study on The Implementation of Neural Network Classifiers for Open Stope Design
Authors: Adoko Amoussou Coffi , Saadaari Festus , Mireku-Gyimah Daniel , Imashev Askar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAssessing the stability of stopes is essential in open stope mine design as unstable hangingwalls and footwalls lead to sloughing, unplanned stope dilution, and safety concerns compromising the profitability of the mine. Over the past few decades, numerous empirical tools have been developed to dimension open stope in connection with its stability, using the stability graph method. However, one of the principal limitations of the stability graph method is to objectively determine the boundary of the stability zones, and gain a clear probabilistic interpretation of the graph. To overcome this issue, this paper aims to explore the feasibility of artificial neural network (ANN) based classifiers for the design of open stopes. A stope stability database was compiled and included the stope dimensions, rock mass properties, and the stope stability conditions. The main parameters included the modified stability number (N’), and the stope stability conditions (stable, unstable, and failed), and hydraulic radius (HR). A feed-forward neural network (FFNN) classifier containing two hidden layers (110 neurons each) was employed to identify the stope stability conditions. Overall, the outcome of the analysis showed good agreement with the field data; most stope surfaces were correctly predicted with an average accuracy of 91%. This shows an improvement over using the existing stability graph method. In addition, for a better interpretation of the results, the associated probability of occurrence of stable, unstable, or caved stope was determined and shown in iso-probability contour charts which were compared with the stability graph. The proposed FFNN-based classifier outperformed the conventional stability graph method in terms of accuracy and better prabablistic interpretation. It is suggested that the classifier could be a reliable tool that can complement the conventional stability graph for the design of open stopes.
Effective reassessments of freshwater fish species: a case study in a Mediterranean peninsula
Authors: Miqueleiz Imanol , Miranda Rafael , Ariño Arturo H. , Cancellario Tommaso 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIUCN Red List assessments for fish species can quickly become out of date. In recent years molecular techniques have added new ways of obtaining information about species distribution or populations. In this work, we propose the Iberian Peninsula as an example of reassessment needs in its endangered freshwater fish fauna. We compiled the list of freshwater fish species occurring in continental Spain and Portugal and examined their conservation status in global and national Red Lists. We retrieved records for these species in the Iberian Peninsula and calculated several biological indexes (richness and vulnerability indexes). Our results showed a patchy data coverage of fish records in the Iberian Peninsula. Threat levels reported within national Red Lists are higher than their global counterparts, reinforcing the necessity of improving and maintaining up to date national Red Lists. Iberian watersheds have moderate levels of threat and high levels of out of date assessments. The nearly fully completed genetic databases for Iberian fish species, along with the limited distribution of many endangered species and the necessity of update their assessments constitute an excellent opportunity to use data obtained from eDNA to improve species monitoring practices and their conservation status.
Landing facilities for processing of cultivated seaweed biomass: a Norwegian perspective with strategic considerations for the European seaweed industry
Authors: Stévant Pierrick , Rebours Céline 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe production of marine biomass based on seaweed cultivation is growing rapidly in Europe. One of the major challenges for the development of this new industry is associated with processing of the wet biomass harvested from cultivation sites. Efficient methods for the stabilization (i.e. procedures to maintain the integrity and safety of the biomass) and further processing of large quantities of harvested raw material are still lacking as the development of adapted technologies is often limited by significant capital investment. This study investigates the concept of landing facilities for the processing of cultivated seaweed biomass (LFCS) shared among various stakeholders as a practical mean to overcome these challenges. Qualitative data were collected during interviews with relevant stakeholders from Norway and abroad (including seaweed cultivators, technology suppliers and industrial buyers of biomass) to describe the current commercial applications for cultivated seaweeds as well as the methods used for the stabilization and processing of the biomass. This study showed that LFCS can give stakeholders the opportunity to share the costs (investment, operational), thus lowering the financial threshold for establishing efficient strategies for processing large quantities of cultivated seaweed biomass. It was identified that such a structure will increase the synergy among industrial actors along the entire value chain to stimulate innovation and facilitate the production of high-quality products from seaweeds to relevant markets (food, animal feed, nutraceuticals and cosmetics). It can also lead to a higher degree of specialization in this new industry. These premises will contribute to increase the profitability of the emerging European seaweed sector. Identification of the appropriate stabilization processes for large-scale production, definition of the role of LFCS in the seaweed value chain as well as the mode of engagement of the stakeholders in such structure are thus acknowledged as key considerations to define during the planning phase.
Enhanced UV protection and water adsorption properties of transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) films through incorporation of amorphous magnesium carbonate nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Jiaojiao , Wang Junxin , Strømme Maria , Welch Ken 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA simple solution casting approach was used to obtain transparent and flexible poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films incorporated with 1 – 4% by weight amorphous magnesium carbonate nanoparticles. Optical transparency was retained in visible wavelengths, while transmittance in the UV-B region was reduced by 22% at 310 nm and 58% at 256 nm with the addition of 4 wt. % nanoparticles. Furthermore, the incorporation of the nanoparticles was shown to provide protection for the films under UV-C irradiation (254 nm wavelength, 5 mW cm−2), with the amount of UV degradation decreasing with increasing concentration of nanoparticles. Films with incorporated nanoparticles were also shown to be able to retain adsorbed moisture much better than neat PMMA films; whereas neat PMMA films did not retain moisture, approximately 50% of the adsorbed moisture was retained in films containing 4 wt. % nanoparticles. These enhanced properties of PMMA are of great interest in applications such as flexible and transparent screens for personal electronic devices that require protection from both UV light and moisture.
Relating landscape ecological metrics with public survey data on perceived landscape quality and place attachment
Authors: Wartmann Flurina M. , Stride C. B. , Kienast F. , Hunziker M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Context
It is essential for policy-making and planning that we understand landscapes not only in terms of landscape ecological patterns, but also in terms of their contribution to people's quality of life.

Objectives
In this study our objective is to test relationships between landscape ecology and social science indicators, by investigating how landscape patterns are linked to people’s perception of landscape quality.

Methods
To assess public views on landscapes we conducted a survey among 858 respondents in Switzerland. We combined this survey data on perceived landscape quality and place attachment with landscape metrics (e.g. diversity, naturalness of land cover, urban sprawl, fragmentation) in a statistical model to test hypotheses about the relationships between the different variables of interest.

Results
Our results illustrate the contribution of both landscape composition metrics and social science indicators to understanding variation in people’s perception and assessment of landscape. For example, we found the landscape ecology metrics on urban sprawl and fragmentation to be a negative predictor of overall satisfaction with landscape, and that perceived landscape quality positively predicted place attachment and satisfaction with the municipality landscape.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance and feasibility of combining landscape ecology metrics and public survey data on how people perceive, value and relate to landscape in an integrated manner. Our approach has the potential for implementation across a variety of settings and can contribute to holistic and integrated landscape assessments that combine ecological and socio-cultural aspects.
Automotive dry clutch fully coupled transient tribodynamics
Authors: Minas I. , Morris N. , Theodossiades S. , O’Mahony M. , Voveris J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDetermining the root causes of Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) phenomena in modern automotive drivetrains is a task of critical importance. This research investigates the stability of dry clutch systems vibrational behaviour during engagement. A fully coupled dry clutch numerical model including the influence of friction is presented and validated using vehicle measurements. The clutch component frictional properties are measured using parts that exhibit aggressive NVH behaviour using representative tribometric experiments. The validated numerical tool highlights the occurrence of instabilities which are caused by modal couplings, particularly between the input shaft bending and clutch disc radial motions. Such a validated transient dynamics model of a dry clutch system has not hitherto been presented in the open literature.
miRNA biomarkers in renal disease
Authors: Franczyk Beata , Gluba-Brzózka Anna , Olszewski Robert , Parolczyk Magdalena , Rysz-Górzyńska Magdalena , Rysz Jacek 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function, is a growing worldwide problem due to CKD-related morbidity and mortality. There are no reliable and early biomarkers enabling the monitoring, the stratification of CKD progression and the estimation of the risk of CKD-related complications, and therefore, the search for such molecules is still going on. Numerous studies have provided evidence that miRNAs are potentially important particles in the CKD field. Studies indicate that some miRNA levels can be increased in patients with CKD stages III–V and hemodialysis and decreased in renal transplant recipients (miR-143, miR-145 and miR-223) as well as elevated in patients with CKD stages III–V, decreased in hemodialysis patients and even more markedly decreased in renal transplant recipients (miR-126 and miR-155). miRNA have great potential of being sensitive and specific biomarkers in kidney diseases as they are tissue specific and stable in various biological materials. Some promising non-invasive miRNA biomarkers have already been recognized in renal disease with the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, predict prognosis and monitor the course of disease. However, large-scale clinical trials enrolling heterogeneous patients are required to evaluate the clinical value of miRNAs.
Die Moral des Vermessens
Authors: Petzke Martin 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beleuchtet das Zusammenspiel von Klassifizieren, Vergleichen, Vermessen und Bewerten im statistischen Integrationsmonitoring, ein amtliches Beobachtungsinstrument zur Einschätzung der Integrationsfortschritte der Migrantenbevölkerung. Der Artikel zeigt auf, dass die Logiken der Klassifikation, des Vergleichs und der vermessenden Operationalisierung in jeweils spezifischer Weise unbeabsichtigte Assoziationen moralischen Bewertens suggerieren. Sie tun dies im Zusammenspiel mit kognitionspsychologischen Dispositionen, institutionellen Logiken statistischer und integrationspolitischer Ressorts, einem durchgreifenden Zeitgeist der Ratings und Rankings sowie einem moralisch „dichten“ Integrationsbegriff. Der Artikel verbindet hier Einsichten aus den Science and Technology Studies mit den Literaturen zur statistischen Konstruktion von Ethnizität sowie der jüngeren Soziologie der Moral.
Columnar Thermal Barrier Coatings Produced by Different Thermal Spray Processes
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Gupta Mohit , Mack Daniel E. , Mauer Georg , Vaßen Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSuspension plasma spraying (SPS) and plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) are the only thermal spray technologies shown to be capable of producing TBCs with columnar microstructures similar to the electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) process but at higher deposition rates and relatively lower costs. The objective of this study was to achieve fundamental understanding of the effect of different columnar microstructures produced by these two thermal spray processes on their insulation and lifetime performance and propose an optimized columnar microstructure. Characterization of TBCs in terms of microstructure, thermal conductivity, thermal cyclic fatigue lifetime and burner rig lifetime was performed. The results were compared with TBCs produced by the standard thermal spray technique, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Bondcoats deposited by the emerging high-velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying were compared to the standard vacuum plasma-sprayed (VPS) bondcoats to investigate the influence of the bondcoat deposition process as well as topcoat–bondcoat interface topography. The results showed that the dense PS-PVD-processed TBC had the highest lifetime, although at an expense of the highest thermal conductivity. The reason for this behavior was attributed to the dense intracolumnar structure, wide intercolumnar gaps and high column density, thus improving the strain tolerance and fracture toughness.
A Novel Approach to Reduce the Environmental Footprint of Maritime Shipping
Authors: Flagiello Domenico , Esposito Martina , Di Natale Francesco , Salo Kent 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMaritime shipping is a strategic sector with a strong international vocation and management. The need to define regulations valid for many different countries without generating disparities of treatment slowed down the formulation of environmental regulations, especially for atmospheric emissions. In particular, regulations pertaining to the reduction of sulphur compounds allowed two distinct approaches: the use of low-sulphur fuels or exhaust gas cleaning systems, the so-called Scrubbers. The actual implementation of these solutions presents specific concerns either related to the toxicity of atmospheric by-products and to the fuel cost or to the generation of polluting washwaters that may need treatment before discharge. In this paper we analyzed the potential environmental benefit deriving from the use of a distillate fuel, not compliant with current IMO Sulphur Regulations, together with a Scrubber. The pilot-scale experimental results indicated that a limited amount of water and/or scrubber volume is needed to reduce sulphur emissions below regulations on maritime shipping, especially with the addition of NaOH reaching a water-saving between 25%-33% compared to the use of pure seawater. Experiments indicated that scrubber washwater PAHs emissions are within the available water quality standards indicated by EU and USA guidelines. A bottom-up analysis on heavy metals concentration shed light on the prominent role of metal-parts corrosion on the washwater emissions. Taking into account for corrosion phenomena, the actual heavy metals concentration in the washwater deriving from scrubbing was normally below the water quality standards.
Effect of Quenching Strategy and Nb-Mo Additions on Phase Transformations and Quenchability of High-Strength Boron Steels
Authors: Zurutuza Irati , Isasti Nerea , Detemple Eric , Schwinn Volker , Mohrbacher Hardy , Uranga Pello 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe application of direct quenching after hot rolling of plates is being employed in the production of ultra-high-strength hot rolled plates. When heavy gauge plates are produced, the complexity involve in achieving high cooling rates in the plate core is increased and the formation of undesirable soft phases within martensite is common. In the current paper, both direct quenching and conventional quenching (DQ and CQ) processing routes were reproduced by dilatometry tests and continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams were built for four different high-strength boron steels. The results indicate that the addition of Mo and Nb-Mo suppresses the ferritic region and considerably shifts the CCT diagram to lower transformation temperatures. The combination of DQ strategy and the Mo-alloying concept provides the best option to ensure hardenability and the formation of a fully martensitic microstructure, and to avoid the presence of soft phases in the center of thick plates.
Ethics-Based Auditing of Automated Decision-Making Systems: Nature, Scope, and Limitations
Authors: Mökander Jakob , Morley Jessica , Taddeo Mariarosaria , Floridi Luciano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImportant decisions that impact humans lives, livelihoods, and the natural environment are increasingly being automated. Delegating tasks to so-called automated decision-making systems (ADMS) can improve efficiency and enable new solutions. However, these benefits are coupled with ethical challenges. For example, ADMS may produce discriminatory outcomes, violate individual privacy, and undermine human self-determination. New governance mechanisms are thus needed that help organisations design and deploy ADMS in ways that are ethical, while enabling society to reap the full economic and social benefits of automation. In this article, we consider the feasibility and efficacy of ethics-based auditing (EBA) as a governance mechanism that allows organisations to validate claims made about their ADMS. Building on previous work, we define EBA as a structured process whereby an entity’s present or past behaviour is assessed for consistency with relevant principles or norms. We then offer three contributions to the existing literature. First, we provide a theoretical explanation of how EBA can contribute to good governance by promoting procedural regularity and transparency. Second, we propose seven criteria for how to design and implement EBA procedures successfully. Third, we identify and discuss the conceptual, technical, social, economic, organisational, and institutional constraints associated with EBA. We conclude that EBA should be considered an integral component of multifaced approaches to managing the ethical risks posed by ADMS.
Language, Power and Success: Bestselling Translations in the Dutch CPNB Top 100 archief
Authors: Valentin Lukas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates origins, original languages and authors of bestselling translations on the annual Dutch Top 100 bestseller list. Considering the first fifty entries on the lists from the period between 1997 and 2019, the study aims to determine the Dutch position within the World Language System. The results show that about half of all the books surveyed are translations. These come from fifteen different source languages, although a clear majority are translations from English (73.2%). The analysis confirms the notion of a World Language System with central, semi-peripheral and peripheral languages and places Dutch among the peripheral languages. Furthermore, the study reveals strong globalisation and commercialisation tendencies in the Dutch book market.