bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Creep Mechanism of Nanocrystalline Cu-Ni Alloy
Authors: Kasum Kasum , Mulyana Fajar , Zaenudin Mohamad , Gamayel Adhes , Mohammed M. N. 
Published: April 2021

Creep mechanism is an essential mechanism for material when subjected to a high temperature and high pressure. It shows material ability during an extreme application to maintain its structure and properties, especially high pressure and temperature. This test is already done experimentally in many materials such as metallic alloys, various stainless steel, and composites. However, understanding the creep mechanism at the atomic level is challenging due to the instruments limitation. Still, the improvement of mechanical properties is expected can be done in such a group. In this work, the creep mechanism of the nanocrystalline Cu-Ni alloy is demonstrated in terms of molecular dynamics simulation. The result shows a significant impact on both temperature and pressure. The deformation supports the mechanisms as a result of the grain boundary diffusion. Quantitative analysis shows a more substantial difference in creep-rate at a higher temperature and pressure parameters. This study has successfully demonstrated the mechanism of creep at the atomic scale and may be used for improving the mechanical properties of the material.
Blinking Dermatitis
Authors: Luria Shai , El Haj Madi , Volk Ido 
Published: April 2021

Repeated blanching and flushing of the skin, usually the nail bed, is often called Quincke sign. This sign is commonly related to aortic insufficiency, although it may be observed in the nail bed of normal individuals.

Case report:
Quincke sign manifested on the wrist of a young healthy man. The patient had self-treated with topical antibiotics and steroids for a second-degree burn, but then developed contact dermatitis followed by cellulitis. He presented to the emergency department with a “blinking” effect of the skin lesion.

Conclusion:
The “blinking” effect is the result of focal subcutaneous arterial dilatation in the zone of subcutaneous inflammation.
Natural History of Bilateral Congenital Absence of the L4 Pedicles
Authors: Horn B. David , States Lisa , Pitt Susannah 
Published: April 2021

Case:
A 5-month-old girl was diagnosed with congenital bilateral absence of the L4 pedicles and an absent right kidney. She developed a right thoracic scoliosis at age 3 that was treated with a brace. At her most recent follow-up at age 16, she was skeletally mature and had a residual 20° right thoracic scoliosis. She was pain-free, had a normal neurological examination, and was fully active.

Conclusion:
This case presents a long-term follow-up of a patient with congenital bilateral absence of L4 pedicles. She developed scoliosis that was successfully treated with bracing. No other significant issues developed over 15 years of follow-up.
Depositional environments and salt-thickness variations in Urmia Lake (NW Iran): Insight from sediment-core studies
Authors: Mohammadi Ali , Lak Razyeh , Schwamborn Georg , Firouz Amaneh Kaveh , Çiner Attila , Khatouni Javad Darvishi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Urmia Lake is a large-scale hypersaline lake that experienced a drastic water-level fall due to natural and anthropogenic forces during the last two decades. Construction of a causeway in the central part of the lake after 1989 has divided the lake into northern and southern parts and caused an extreme change of the lake hydrochemical system. Precipitation of evaporite minerals as crust on the lake floor was caused by the combination of lake level fall and increasing water salinity. However, some parameters controlling rates of salt deposition and dissolution and temporal and spatial variation in salt thickness in Lake Urmia are poorly understood. This study reviews 90 sediment cores from various parts of the lake to put forward a better understanding of the salt depositional system and salt thickness variations in the basin for the last 40 years (1977–2017). Our results indicate that the sedimentary system of Urmia Lake changed rapidly during the last two decades from a permanent hypersaline lake with predominantly fast terrigenous–biochemical sedimentation to a seasonally changing playa sedimentary environment with predominance of evaporite minerals. These changes are responsible for rapid salt deposition that generated a salt-crust with a maximum thickness of 2.95 m overlying Holocene terrigenous sediments. The salt-crust thickness and the water depth have a positive correlation for water depth greater than 1 meter, which means that salt-crust thickness increases where water depth increases. While the thickness of shallow deposits are affected by fresh-water dissolution. In addition, the average salt precipitation rate in the northern and the southern parts of the lake is 466 and 266 times higher, respectively, than the average (0.3 mm/y) sedimentation rate before the lake shrinkage. Similar to other large hypersaline lakes such as the Great Salt Lake (USA) and the Aral Sea (Central Asia), the manmade intervention at Urmia Lake (damming of the catchment, extension of agricultural fields, and causeway construction in the middle part of the lake) threatens its further hydrologic existence.
The prognostic value of tumor size in penile cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database study
Authors: Zheng Wenwen , Zhang Zhiyu , Jiang Wei , Chen Jiaojiao , Yu Shengqiang , Guo Chenyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of tumor size on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and lymph node metastasis for patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC).
Methods

The patients diagnosed with PSCC between 2004 and 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Restricted cubic spline functions were calculated to characterize the association between tumor size and the risk of CSM. The competing-risks model was used to evaluate the impact of tumor size on the cumulative incidence of CSM. The logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between tumor size and lymph node metastasis.
Results

Totally, 1365 PSCC patients were analyzed, with 52.3% having tumors ≤ 30 mm, and 47.7% >30 mm. The restricted cubic splines showed that the risks of CSM increased as tumors enlarged. Following adjustment of competing events, the PSCC patients with tumors > 30 mm were more likely to succumb to CSM in comparison with those with tumors ≤ 30 mm (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–2.01, P < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, tumor size > 30 mm was significantly associated with an increased risk of CSM relative to tumor size ≤ 30 mm among patients with T1 (HR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.03–2.37, P = 0.036) and T3 (HR = 2.51, 95%CI: 1.41–4.45, P = 0.002) classifications. On logistic regression analysis, tumors > 30 mm were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03–2.07, P = 0.034).
Conclusions

Larger tumors (> 30 mm) were significantly associated with higher risks of CSM and increased likelihood of lymph node metastasis for PSCC patients, which could be integrated into the development of a staging system for penile cancer.
WITHDRAWN: GPR84 inhibitor ameliorated lung inflammation and modulated NF-κB through MAPK signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Ting , Zou Yan , Lv He 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We set our experiments to investigate the role of GPR84 in LPS-induced acute lung injury. The expression of GPR84 was detected through RT-qPCR and Western blotting (WB) after LPS treatment in ALI mouse and cell model, respectively. Following the treatment of GPR 84 inhibitor, the lung injury was evaluated through HE staining while the MAPK signalling components were analyzed through WB, as well as NF-κB signalling components. These components were further analyzed by the addition of anisomycin or TPA. The analysis of apoptosis was performed through TUNEL staining. We showed that LPS stimulated the expression of GPR84 expression. GPR 84 inhibitor facilitated the activation of MAPK signalling while inhibiting MAPK signalling, these effects of which were further rescued by anisomycin or TPA treatment. In conclusion, our findings support that GPR84 inhibitor improved lung injury caused by LPS and revealed a role of GPR87 modulating NF-κB through MAPK signalling pathway. Altogether, GPR84 could be as a prospective target for the treatment of ALI.
ExpDNN: Explainable Deep Neural Network
Authors: Chen Chi-Hua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent years, deep neural networks have been applied to obtain high performance of prediction, classification, and pattern recognition. However, the weights in these deep neural networks are difficult to be explained. Although a linear regression method can provide explainable results, the method is not suitable in the case of input interaction. Therefore, an explainable deep neural network (ExpDNN) with explainable layers is proposed to obtain explainable results in the case of input interaction. Three cases were given to evaluate the proposed ExpDNN, and the results showed that the absolute value of weight in an explainable layer can be used to explain the weight of corresponding input for feature extraction.
Genome-wide analysis of BURP genes and identification of a BURP-V gene RcBURP4 in Rosachienesis
Authors: Fu Lufeng , Zhang Zhujun , Wang Hai , Zhao Xiaojuan , Su Lin , Geng Lifang , Lu Yizeng , Tong Boqiang , Liu Qinghua , Jiang Xinqiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BURP proteins are unique to plants and may contribute greatly to growth, development, and stress responses of plants. Despite the vital role of BURP proteins, little is known about these proteins in rose (Rosa spp.). In the present study, nine genes belonging to the BURP family in R. chienesis were identified by using multiple bioinformatic approaches against the rose genome database. The nine RcBURPs, with diverse structures, were located on all chromosomes of the rose genome, except for Chr2 and Chr3. Phylogenic analysis revealed that these RcBURPs can be classified into eight subfamilies, including BNM2-like, PG1β-like, USP-like, RD22-like, BURP-V, BURP-VI, BURP-VII, and BURP-VIII. Conserved motif and exon-intron analyses indicated a conserved pattern within the same subfamily. The presumed cis-regulatory elements (CREs) within the promoter region of each RcBURP were analyzed and the results showed that all RcBURPs contained different types of CREs, including abiotic stress-, light response-, phytohormones response-, and plant growth and development-related CREs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that a BURP-V member, RcBURP4, was induced in rose leaves and roots under mild and severe drought treatments. We then overexpressed RcBURP4 in Arabidopsis and examined its role under abscisic acid (ABA), NaCl, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and drought treatments. Furthermore, RcBURP4-silenced rose plants exhibited decreased tolerance to dehydration. The results obtained from this study provide the first comprehensive overview of RcBURPs and highlight the importance of RcBURP4 in rose plant.
Impact of participating in global value chain on the carbon dioxide emissions of China's equipment manufacturing industry
Authors: Li Yan , Xia Xinxin , Huang Qingbo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As the pillar industry in China's post-industrial era, the equipment manufacturing industry has played an important role of providing technical equipment for downstream industries, which also brought about a substantial increase in CO2 emissions. Therefore, in order to find ways to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of the equipment manufacturing industry, this paper based on the global value chain production length decomposition model, improved the CO2 emission effect model and the STIRPAT model to study the different impact of the GVC production length on the CO2 emissions of China's equipment manufacturing industry under different GVC participation modes. The study found that extending GVC production length can effectively reduce CO2 emissions, and the CO2 reduction effect of the simple GVC production length is the most significant. Besides, with the extension of the GVC production length, the CO2 emissions of high-tech industries have decreased, while the CO2 emissions of medium-technology industries have increased. In addition, the improvements of policy regulations, factor structure and foreign investment will also reduce CO2 emissions, but the expansion of production scale and R&D investment will increase CO2 emissions.
Speech therapy and tracheostomy rehabilitation in COVID 19: five preliminary case reports
Authors: Santos Telma Dias dos , Gomes Fernanda Maria Latorre , Gomes Dafne Calsoni , Taquemori Lais Yassue , Tonelotto Andréia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Studies addressing the hospitalization of patients affected by COVID-19 have reported that length of hospital stay in intensive care unit varies between 12 and 22 days. Part of these patients require orotracheal intubation (OTI) and, in cases where OTI is prolonged and/or with complications, they consequently end up undergoing open surgical tracheostomy (OST). In most hospitals, a multidisciplinary team composed of physicians, nurses, physiotherapists and speech-language therapists is responsible for this process, which allows early removal of the tracheal cannula, making it safer for patients, with reduced risk of failure and complications. Although safety recommendations and procedures support the most diverse protocols of weaning from mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy, there is no universally accepted protocol for this transition. This is a complex issue that is necessary in the current scenario, because studies establishing weaning and decannulation criteria in patients with COVID-19 are urgent at this moment. Purpose: To describe the process of weaning from the tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a descriptive study presenting a series of case reports. It describes the decannulation process in five tracheostomized patients with COVID-19 (3 men and 2 women) aged 41 and 74 years who agreed to participate in the study and remained hospitalized in a private hospital in the city of XXXX. Results: The decannulation process of the five COVID-19 patients lasted up to 10 days (mean duration of 6.4 days).
Primary treatment and Recent survival trends in patients with Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of Central Nervous System,1995-2016: a population-based SEER analysis
Authors: Chen Cui , Sun Peng , Sun Xiaoqing , Chen Shaoyong , Yang Hang , Wang Yu , Li Zhi-ming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate primary treatment and recent survival trends in patients with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of CNS from 1995 to 2016.Using the SEER data, patients diagnosed with non-HIV associated PCNSL-DLBCL aged ⩾18 years between 1995 and 2016 were identified. The year of diagnosis was divided into the time periods-1(1995–2002), the time periods-2(2003–2012) and the time periods-3(2013–2016). We used Chi-square tests, the Kaplan–Meier method, log-rank test and Cox regression model in the analysis. Overall, 3760 patients were included. Both the use of radiotherapy alone and the application of combined chemoradiotherapy decreased significantly, following the wider use of chemotherapy alone during 1995–2016. There was a significant improvement in PCNSL cancer-specific survival (period-1: 13 months vs period-2: 19 months vs period-3: 41 months, P < 0.001). Survival of patients aged above 70 years did not change from the time period-1 to the time period-2 (P = 0.101). However, there was an increase in CSS from the time period-2 to the time period-3 in the elderly patients (period-2: 5 months vs period-3: 9 months, P < 0.001). On multivariable analyses, diagnosed in the time period-3 was significantly and independently associated with better CSS (HR 0.577, 95% CI 0.506–0.659). Our analysis shows the use of radiotherapy in the treatment of PCNSL has waned over the study span. There was a significant improvement in CSS during 1995–2016, which reflected developments in treatment over time. The elderly patient population also gained a significant CSS benefit in the most recent period.
Preparation and Performance Characterization of a new dust suppressant with a cross-linked network structure for use in open-pit coal mines
Authors: Jin Hu , Zhang Yansong , Li Nan , Yang Junjie , Xi Ya , Cai Li , Pan Zhichao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In an effort to control dust pollution in open-air environments such as pit coal mines and coal transportation systems, a new dust suppressant with a cross-linked network structure was prepared. Graft copolymerization of soy protein isolate (SPI) and methacrylic acid (MAA), using potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator and hexametaphosphoric acid (SHMP) as the cross-linking agent, formed the network structure. The optimal MAA/SPI mass ratio for the dust suppressant was determined through a single factor experiment to be 3:4, with 0.8 and 0.2 g of SHMP and KPS, respectively. The grafting reaction required 30 min at 60 ℃. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the structure and application performance of the dust suppressant. The experimental results showed that the graft copolymerization reaction successfully formed the desired cross-linked network, and that when the cross-linked network material was sprayed on coal dust it formed a dense, solidified shell, which effectively resisted wind erosion and served as a dust suppressant. The average reduction of the total suspended particulate matter of an open-air coal pile reached 79.95%, demonstrating effective dust suppression.
Ongoing conflicts in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR): health burden and attributable economic damage estimate
Authors: Shabanan Sedighe Hosseini , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar , Majdzadeh Reza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Due to the ongoing conflicts in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), countries in the region have confronted a severe health crisis in recent years. This study was conducted to describe the direct health burden of conflicts in the region and quantify the fraction of economic damage attributed to the health impact of conflict. Methods: We used Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease attributed to conflict and considered the value of a life-year as at least one Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita purchasing power parity (PPP) to indirectly estimate the economic burden. Results: From 1990 to 2017, out of the 22 countries in the EMR, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Palestine, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen suffered the most from conflict and terrorism. Conflict accounted for 64%, 50%, and 35% of all causes of DALYs in Libya and Syria, and Palestine, in 2011, 2016, and 2008, respectively. In 2017, Iraq, Libya, and Afghanistan had the most significant health-related economic burden of conflict per capita, more than 100 current international dollars. Iraq was affected by a loss of about 80% of its health expenditure due to conflict and terrorism, an estimated total of 23 billion current international dollars. Conclusions: Our study reflects the significance of the health burden due to conflict in the EMR and its subsequent economic consequences. Stability and peace is among the most influential determinants of health and economic development in the region.
Toward an Integrated System of Climate Change and Human Health Indicators: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Liu Ann Y. , Trtanj Juli M. , Lipp Erin K. , Balbus John M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Environmental health indicators are helpful for tracking and communicating complex health trends, informing science and policy decisions, and evaluating public health actions. When provided on a national scale, they can help inform the general public, policy makers, and public health professionals about important trends in exposures and how well public health systems are preventing those exposures from causing adverse health outcomes. There is a growing need to understand national trends in exposures and health outcomes associated with climate change and the effectiveness of climate adaptation strategies for health. To date, most indicators for health implications of climate change have been designed as independent, individual metrics. This approach fails to take into account how exposure-outcome pathways for climate-attributable health outcomes involve multiple, interconnected components. We propose reframing climate change and health indicators as a linked system of indicators, which can be described as follows: upstream climate drivers affect environmental states, which then determine human exposures, which ultimately lead to health outcomes; these climate-related risks are modified by population vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies. We apply this new conceptual framework to three illustrative climate-sensitive health outcomes and associated exposure-outcome pathways: pollen allergies and asthma, West Nile Virus infection, and vibriosis.
Serum levels of Vitamin D3, Zinc, and Parathyroid Hormone in HCV-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Authors: Khattab Mahmoud , Abdelaziz Mohammad Omar , Mohamad Arwa , Matta Ragaa Abd- Elshaheed , Fouad Magdy , Khattab Muhammed , Hassan Hatem , Khalil Eman Hussein , Mokhtar Fatma , Moness Hend M. , Adel Nashwa Mohamed , Ahmed Elham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and AimThe role of the metabolic syndrome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been previously reported. This study aims to investigate the possible role of vitamin D3, Zinc, Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and phosphorus serum levels as non-traditional metabolic risk factors in HCV-related HCC.MethodThis cross-sectional observational study recruited HCV infected patients with and without HCC. All patients were subjected to demographic, biochemical, and hematological assessment. Serum levels of vitamin D3, Zinc, PTH, calcium, and phosphorus were determined in all the study participants.ResultsThis study includes 50 patients with HCV-related HCC compared to 40 patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and 30 patients with HCV chronic hepatitis C (CHC) without HCC. Our results show significantly higher age, male sex, aspartate transaminase (AST), PTH and corrected serum calcium levels in the HCC patients compared to values in the other two groups, (p < 0.001); while significant lower vitamin D3 and zinc levels were detected among the HCC patients compared to patients with non-HCC liver cirrhosis and CHC, (p < 0.001).Vitamin D3 deficiency was detected in 96% of the HCC patients, while it was detected in only 22.5% of the cirrhotic patients and in none of the CHC patients, (p < 0.001). However, on multiple stepwise regression analysis, only the age, AST, PTH, and corrected calcium levels were the independent predictors for HCC when studied in relation to chronic liver disease.ConclusionThis study indicates the prevalent deficient levels of vitamin D3 and zinc in HCC patients; however, a causal relationship is not established in this study.