bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of sickness absence and disability pension before and after colorectal cancer: A Swedish longitudinal population-based matched cohort study
Authors: Chen Lingjing , Alexanderson Kristina A. E. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesWorking-aged colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have a much better survival, indicating the importance of their future work situation. We investigated trajectories of sickness absence and disability pension (SADP) days before and after CRC diagnosis, and risk factors associated with different trajectories.MethodsA longitudinal, population-based matched cohort study of 4735 CRC survivors in Sweden aged 19–62 when first diagnosed with CRC in 2008–2011, and 18,230 matched references was conducted, using microdata linked from several nationwide registers. The annual SADP net days for 2 years before through 5 years after diagnosis date were computed. A group-based trajectory model was used to depict SADP trajectories. Associations between trajectory membership, and sociodemographic and clinical variables were tested by chi2test and multinomial logistic regression.ResultsFour trajectories of SADP days/year for CRC survivors were identified: “only increase around diagnosis” (52% of all), “slight increase after diagnosis” (27%), “high then decrease moderately after diagnosis” (13%), and “constantly very high” (8%). Educational level, Charlson’s Comorbidity Index, and prediagnostic mental disorders were the strongest factors determining the SADP trajectory groups. In references, three trajectories (“constantly low” (80% of all), “constantly moderate and decrease gradually” (12%), and “very high then decrease overtime” (8%)) were identified.ConclusionApproximately 80% of CRC survivors return to a low level of SADP at 5 years postdiagnosis. Prediagnostic status of mental disorders, somatic comorbidity, and low educational level are good indicators of future high SADP levels for them. CRC survivors will benefit from early rehabilitation programs with identified risk factors.
Prevalence of and factors associated with anaemia in women of reproductive age in Bangladesh, Maldives and Nepal: Evidence from nationally-representative survey data
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashfikur , Rahman Md. Sazedur , Aziz Rahman Muhammad , Szymlek-Gay Ewa A. , Uddin Riaz , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful 
Published: January 2021

Background
Anaemia is a significant public health problem in most South-Asian countries, causing increased maternal and child mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with anaemia in women of reproductive age in Bangladesh, Maldives, and Nepal.

Methods
We used the nationally-representative Demographic and Health Surveys Program data collected from women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in 2011 in Bangladesh (n = 5678), 2016 in Maldives (n = 6837), and 2016 in Nepal (n = 6419). Anaemia was categorized as mild (haemoglobin [Hb] of 10.0–10.9 g/dL for pregnant women and 11.0–11.9 g/dL for non-pregnant women), moderate (Hb of 7.0–9.9 g/dL for pregnant women and 8.0–10.9 g/dL for non-pregnant women), and severe (Hb <7.0 g/dL for pregnant women and <8.0 g/dL for non-pregnant women). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with anaemia.

Results
The prevalence of anaemia was 41.8% in Bangladesh, 58.5% in Maldives, and 40.6% in Nepal. In Bangladesh, postpartum amenorrhoeic, non-educated, and pregnant women were more likely to have moderate/severe anaemia compared to women who were menopausal, had secondary education, and were not pregnant, respectively. In Maldives, residence in urban areas, underweight, having undergone female sterilization, current pregnancy, and menstruation in the last six weeks were associated with increased odds of moderate/severe anaemia. In Nepal, factors associated with increased odds of moderate/severe anaemia were having undergone female sterilization and current pregnancy.

Conclusion
Anaemia remains a significant public health issue among 15-49-year-old women in Bangladesh, Maldives, and Nepal, which requires urgent attention. Effective policies and programmes for the control and prevention of anaemia should take into account the unique factors associated with anaemia identified in each country. In all three countries, strategies for the prevention and control of anaemia should particularly focus on women who are pregnant, underweight, or have undergone sterilization.
Higher pulse frequency of near-infrared laser irradiation increases penetration depth for novel biomedical applications
Authors: Barbora Ayan , Bohar Oryan , Sivan Ariel Alexander , Magory Eyal , Nause Ariel , Minnes Refael 
Published: January 2021

Background
The clinical efficiency of laser treatments is limited by the low penetration of visible light used in certain procedures like photodynamic therapy (PDT). Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) PDT is an innovative technique to overcome this limitation that enables the use of Near Infrared (NIR) light instead of visible light. NIR frequency bands present an optical window for deeper penetration into biological tissue. In this research, we compare the penetration depths of 405 and 808 nm continuous wave (CW) lasers and 808 nm pulsed wave (PW) laser in two different modes (high and low frequency).

Methods
Increasing thicknesses of beef and chicken tissue samples were irradiated under CW and PW lasers to determine penetration depths.

Results
The 808 nm CW laser penetrates 2.3 and 2.4 times deeper than the 405 nm CW laser in beef and chicken samples, respectively. 808 nm PW (pulse frequency—500 Hz) penetrates deeper than CW laser at the same wavelength. Further, increasing the pulse frequency achieves higher penetration depths. High frequency 808 nm PW (pulse frequency—71.4 MHz) penetrates 7.4- and 6.0-times deeper than 405 nm CW laser in chicken and beef, respectively.

Conclusions
The results demonstrate the higher penetration depths of high frequency PW laser compared to low frequency PW laser, CW laser of the same wavelength and CW laser with half the wavelength. The results indicate that integrating SHG in the PDT process along with pulsed NIR light may allow the treatment of 6–7 times bigger tumours than conventional PDT using blue light.
The Purification Of Rennin-Like Protease From Lactobacillus Paracasei Isolated From Ettawa Goat Milk
Authors: Putranto Wendry Setiyadi , Mustopa Apon Zaenal , Kusumawati Arizah , Prastyowati Anika 
Published: January 2021

There is a protease produced by bateria that has characteristics similar to rennin from a calf. Rennin has the ability to clot casein in milk. Rennin-like protease (RLP) is produced by bacteria extracellularly. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) have the potential to be developed for RLP production because they are safe and non-pathogenic bacteria. Rennin is needed in the process of milk coagulation to subsequently obtain a curd in the process of making cheese. In this study, the LAB isolated from Ettawa goat milk (isolate 2.12) which produced RLP was 99% identical to Lactobacillus paracasei based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The purification of the RLP L. paracasei 2.12 with 60% ammonium sulfate deposition, dialysis, and filtration gel chromatography Sephadex G-50 showed a single 38 kDa protein band with SMCA/SPA was 4.48 higher than that of the calf rennet with a ratio value of 1, therefore in this study, RLP L. paracasei 2.12 was developed as an alternative to renin in cheese making.
Panorama of the Orthopaedics and Traumatology department of the HUEH during the on-call of December 2020
Authors: Jean Paul Axler , Dorval Carlil , Desmangles Phillipe 
Published: January 2021

Objective
: Present the main cases seen in the service during on-call.

Method
: Data taken from the notebook and analyzed from SPSS and Excel 2016.

Result
: From 08 to 31 December 2020, 127 patients were recorded in the on-call book. The mean age of these 127 patients was 33.53 years [1 year - 82 years],
more than 75% were men and the most represented age group was [18 to 64]. The majority of patients come from the municipalities of Carrefour (32.3%); Port-au-Prince (28.3% and Delmas (7.9%), and almost a third (32.3%) were hospitalized.
Among injuries, RTI represents more than half (53%); falls (25% and direct impacts (13%). Of the RTI, Car-pedestrian types are for 35%, Motorcycle-pedestrians 27% and Car-pedestrians 14%.
More than 2/3 (67.4%) of people aged 18 to 65 have had RTIs, while 75% of those over 65 have had a fall, also 55.6% of children. Note that 88% of RTI were found in people between 18 and 65 years old.
Almost 60% of the children attending the daycare are from Port-au-Prince, while the adults came from either Carrefour (38.4%) or Port-au-Prince (20.9%). The main structures affected are the femur, hand, radius and knee. The main lesions are closed fractures (61.4%) open fractures (18.9%) and CPMs (11%).
Toward Sustainable Preservation of Cultural Heritage Buildings: A Combination of Digital Mapping and Architectural mapping for Omah Pencu in the Historic Area of Kudus Kulon
Authors: Suprapti Atik , Sejati Anang Wahyu , Sardjono Agung Budi , Pandelaki Edward E. , Malik Abdul , Huwaida Nurma Mediasri 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to map the existence of the wooden houses of Omah Pencu and classifies their potencies as heritage buildings in the historic area of Kudus Kulon. Caring for indigenous cultural heritage will contribute to the strengthening of local identity. The traditional houses of Omah Pencu have been developing as the specific architecture since the end of the 17'th century, as a living place of the ‘Gusjigang' community, and artifacts evident of the city heyday. However, the pressure of modernization-capitalization in the city caused several changes in their built environment and decreased the number of Omah Pencu. This research concern with the GIS interpretation methods and the direct observations use the questionnaire, interview, and architectural documentation. The findings provide an important database for preservation in the digital era. The digital mapping, combined with the mapping of tangible and intangible buildings, produces digital information about the Omah Pencu building condition that has never been done before. Through this mapping, found that the participation effort of the community caused the sustainability of preservation. It is a very significant bottom-up participation. However, toward sustainable preservation, a strategy, planning, design, and management that integrated all stakeholders and resources by utilizing digital technology are needed.
Literatura infantojuvenil e questões de género: casos que são “Cinco Cantinhos” na roda privada ou social
Authors: Sousa Pereira Cláudia 
Published: January 2021

Neste texto, partiremos de cinco obras dedicadas, ou adaptadas, à leitura por crianças. Quatro delas são textos e livros de géneros e suportes diferentes, publicados em Portugal entre 1965 e 2011, que retratam, questionam ou promovem comportamentos relacionados com estereótipos de género, em vários âmbitos, e em que o espaço íntimo da família e da casa é preponderante, embora não exclusivo, sobretudo nos mais recentes. Chegaremos a uma quinta obra, não publicada em Portugal, de autoria de um famoso youtuber britânico, que talvez nos ajude a ler melhor o futuro da representação, em literatura para os mais novos, das questões de género.
Escolhemos este percurso para, a partir dos enredos ficcionais estudados, levantar e propor respostas, ou pelo menos linhas para a discussão, sobre as seguintes questões: 1) a consciência da diferença parte da pressão social ou da orientação individual? 2) o convívio intergeracional pode promover a continuidade ou, pelo contrário, incentivar a contestação aos preconceitos de género? 3) e essas, a continuidade ou a contestação, dependem, fundamentalmente, da cíclica generation gap ou antes de mudanças societais?
Análisis físico-químico de filetes de la especie exótica Hemiancistrus aspidolepis en Costa Rica
Authors: Peña-Navarro Nelson , Vargas-Alpízar Paulina 
Published: January 2021

Introducción. Cuando especies de animales invasoras se introducen en un ecosistema que no es su área de distribución natural, su control podría estar determinado por la posibilidad de utilizar estos organismos para el consumo humano u otra alternativa de manejo. Objetivo. Determinar las características físico-químicas del filete de H. aspidolepis, y comparar su calidad nutricional con especies de peces de consumo humano de origen marino y de aguas continentales. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 109 peces en tres Refugios de Vida Silvestre en Costa Rica, durante el 2017, se pesaron en fresco y sin vísceras, además se pesó cada filete, las vísceras y la carcasa. Se les realizó un análisis proximal, para determinar el contenido de ácidos grasos, minerales y mercurio. Resultados. La longitud promedio de los individuos recolectados fue de 25,35 cm y el peso promedio fue de 162,55 g, de los cuales el 8,2 % fueron vísceras, y 19,02 % fue músculo. Para cada muestra se obtuvieron promedios por cada 100 g de: 80,69 g de agua, 17,64 g de proteína y 73,40 kcal de energía. Los niveles de grasa trans y carbohidratos totales fueron de 0,01 y 0,55 g 100 g-1, respectivamente. Los minerales por cada 100 g fueron 281,81 mg de potasio, 28,87 mg de sodio y 1,23 mg de hierro. Los ácidos grasos en mayor cantidad fueron: palmítico (23,64 %), esteárico (9,43 %) y tricosanoico (7,26 %). El nivel de mercurio total fue inferior a 0,15 ppm. Conclusiones. Los individuos colectados no poseían tallas ni porcentajes de peso de filetes similares a los utilizados para mercado y consumo humano. H. aspidolepis posee semejanzas en contenido proximal, ácidos grasos y minerales con respecto a algunos peces de consumo humano; los contenidos de proteínas y lípidos la hacen apta para su consumo y comercialización.
Evaluación del control metabólico de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 participantes de una intervención educativa grupal. Resultados de un análisis de conglomerados
Authors: Roselló-Araya Marlene , Guzmán-Padilla Sonia , Ramírez-Hernández Fernando 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: evaluar los resultados de una intervención educativa grupal en diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) para determinar la capacidad de las personas participantes en el control metabólico de la enfermedad. Metodología: se realizaron diferentes análisis estadísticos; a saber, un análisis de correlación y de conglomerados mediante tres procedimientos (K medias con valores estandarizados de las variables involucradas, análisis jerárquico con variables estandarizadas) y una combinación de análisis factorial con K medias. Además, se llevó a cabo un análisis de normalización para determinar la efectividad del Programa de Intervención Nutricional en Enfermedades Crónicas. Resultados: completaron la intervención educativa 702 personas con diabetes, de las cuales la mayoría son mujeres, con edades entre 40 y 64 años. Las variables que resultaron estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001) para el análisis de conglomerados fueron glicemia posprandial, glicemia en ayunas, hemoglobina glicosilada, colesterol total y triglicéridos, donde los valores promedio disminuyeron en todas las pruebas clínicas después de la intervención educativa. Por medio de la combinación del análisis factorial y el análisis de conglomerados se generaron tres grupos: DM2 control bajo, DM2 control medio y DM2 control alto. En el análisis de normalización, se determinó que la intervención educativa del Programa de Intervención Nutricional en Enfermedades Crónicas fue efectiva. Conclusión: los resultados de estudio permitirán enfocar los objetivos terapéuticos de la intervención educativa mediante acciones propias y de seguimiento del tratamiento de una manera más certera.
Characterizing Seismic Scattering in 3D Heterogeneous Earth by a Single Parameter
Authors: Vyas Jagdish Chandra , Galis Martin , Mai Paul Martin 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWe derive a theoretical parameter for three seismic scattering regimes where seismic wavelengths are either much shorter, similar, or much longer than the correlation length of small-scale Earth heterogeneities. We focus our analysis on the power spectral density (PSD) of the von Karman autocorrelation function (ACF), used to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of small-scale variations of elastic rock parameters that cause elastic seismic-wave scattering. Our analysis is based on the assumption that the PSD of the medium heterogeneities at the corresponding wavenumber is related to the wavefield scattering. Our theoretical findings are verified by numerical simulations. The seismic scattering effects in our simulations are assessed by examining attenuation of peak ground acceleration. We discover (1) that seismic scattering is proportional to the standard deviation of velocity variations in all three regimes, (2) that scattering is inversely proportional to the correlation length for the regime where seismic wavelengths are shorter than correlation length, but directly proportional to the correlation length in the other two regimes, and (3) that scattering effects are weak due to heterogeneities characterized by a gentle decay of the von Karman ACF for regimes where seismic wavelengths are similar or much longer than the correlation length.
Implementation of Project Management System Based on Project Management
Authors: Ye Shifeng , Zhai Yanjing , Yu Xiulian 
Published: January 2021

With the rapid development of information technology and the gradual expansion of education, the construction of campus information is accelerating. The use of information technology to promote teaching reform is an important idea for the current school education reform, it is to improve the quality of teaching speciﬁ c measures, especially new requirements is needed for colleges and universities as they continue to expand enrollment and teaching resources. Way to make full use of limited resources, use more scientiﬁ c management methods and teaching methods, improve work eﬃ ciency, ensure the quality of teaching, improve the eﬀ ectiveness of running a school, has become an important subject of university research. The application of computer in teaching management is the key to realize the scientiﬁ c and modern teaching management. To improve the quality of teaching, we must grasp the various teaching links. The examination is an important part for the students to test the eﬀ ect of learning. Objective evaluation of the students as a means of curriculum construction is also an important part. In the school teaching work, the traditional test questions management is usually in the form of questions or test paper set, and design manually by teachers, which is large, and complex. The automatically generation system for test paper integrated the traditional manual volume, which solves a lot of problems, such as avoid unnecessary duplication of eﬀ ort, saving the human resources and time; the use of scientiﬁ c measures to evaluate and evaluate the diﬃ culty of harmonizing papers, the eﬀ ective quality of test papers; and a signiﬁ cant reduction in the probability of missing errors in the test paper, reduce unnecessary trouble
A two-year study on postmenopausal bleeding at a tertiary institute
Authors: Lavanya Sowmyanarayanan , Munivenkatappa Swetha , Sravanthi Anthata Jyothsna 
Published: January 2021

Background: The life expectancy of women shows an increase as a result of which women experience a long postmenopausal phase. Postmenopausal bleeding is a worrisome symptom occurring in 10 % of the women, making them seek a gynaecology opinion at the earliest. Women in developed countries have a predilection for developing endometrial cancer whereas cancer cervix still dominates in the developing countries. This prospective study was carried out on 75 women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding to the gynaecology clinic at a tertiary hospital set up. The study aimed to find the incidence of postmenopausal bleeding, age distribution, causes and different evaluation methods to confirm the diagnosis.Methods: The present study is a prospective study conducted on 75 postmenopausal women reporting with postmenopausal bleeding at the gynaecology clinic at a tertiary care hospital. Results: Menopause was noted above 45 years in 84% of the patients and 16% were in 40-45 years age. Postmenopausal bleeding was observed in 50-60 years in 56% of women and 30% above 60 years. The medical problems associated were hypertension (20%), diabetes (11%), obesity (22%), hypothyroidism (4%). 53 women had benign causes while 22 had malignancy.Conclusions: Benign lesions of the genital tract are common causes of postmenopausal bleeding. Carcinoma cervix and endometrium classically present with postmenopausal bleed. Strong suspicion, thorough evaluation and early diagnosis improve the quality of life and reduce the morbidity and mortality.
The significance of typography in data visualisation
Authors: Türkkan Halime 
Published: January 2021

With the development of technology and the dominance of the digital world, typography has become a critical issue. Information design systems are considered as one of the significant areas of graphic design. Big data provides important information on data visualisation. While presenting this information, the value that the script adds to the design will be examined in this study. The choice of typefaces, leading and kerning in typography, type hierarchy, harmony, balance, unity, the contrast between the visual elements and typography are the critical components of data visualisation. ‘Communication designers often err on the side of providing features that entertain and visually please audience's ability to receive or understand the message, in the hope that messages will be understood because they are associated with appealing features. Although designers often concentrate on visuals and aesthetics, at other times they hope to attract viewers by focusing clearly on valuable content. But too often both approaches impair the audience's ability to receive or understand the message’. In support of what Jacobson mentioned above in his book titled Information Design, this study aims to emphasise the undeniable importance of typography in data visualisation designed for informative purposes.

Keywords: Typography, design, data visualisation