bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on maternal mortality in Brazil: 523 maternal deaths by acute respiratory distress syndrome potentially associated with SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Nakamura‐Pereira Marcos , Knobel Roxana , Menezes Mariane O. , Andreucci Carla B. , Takemoto Maíra L. S. 
Published: February 2021

SynopsisDuring the study period, 523 pregnant or postpartum women died in Brazil due to confirmed COVID‐19 or undetermined etiology. This results in a projected COVID‐19 MMR of 17.5/100 000 or potentially even higher.
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Authors: Zhao Xin‐Gang , Shi Zhiming , Wang Xinjiang , Zou Hongshuai , Fu Yuhao , Zhang Lijun 
Published: February 2021

The easy transferability and feasible epitaxial growth of two‐dimensional semiconductors pave a promising way to further tune their optoelectronic properties by constructing van der Waals heterostructures. The authors herein performed a high‐throughput first‐principles study of electronic structure and optical properties of the layer‐by‐layer stacking heterostructing superlattices of two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. The indirect‐to‐direct band‐gap transition or even semiconductor‐to‐metal transition can be realized by varying component compositions of superlattices. The results provide useful guidance for engineering optoelectronic properties by forming heterostructures and superlattices in two‐dimensional semiconductors. (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12155)
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Selective growths of single‐walled carbon nanotubes from mesoporous supports via CO disproportionation
Authors: Luo Yi‐Chia , Fu Yu‐Cian , Yann Hung , Mou Chung‐Yuan , Liu Yi‐Hsin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMesopore‐confined cobalt catalysts are prepared to control diameters and chirality of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via CO disproportionation. Here, we demonstrate four synthetic strategies of growing semiconducting as well as metallic SWCNTs catalyzed by the cobalt nanoparticles with defined locations and sizes. Co‐condensation (catalyst‐1,3) processes provide constrained environment for small catalysts that grow uniform diameters (0.82–0.83 nm) of (7,5) and (8,4) semiconducting SWCNTs. Alternatively, surface‐grafting (catalyst‐2) and ion‐exchange processes (catalyst‐4) provide spacious mesopores toward formation of poly‐dispersed catalysts that grow a mixture of SWCNTs with wide‐range diameter distributions (0.83, 1.2–1.34 nm). Raman and photoluminescence excitation rationally correlate Raman breathing mode vibration to individual chirality and diameters of these SWCNTs. Informative in situ X‐ray absorption experiments reveal H2‐pretreatment (300–700°C) effects toward different oxidation states, bond distances, and coordination numbers of the cobalt catalysts. The CO disproportionation (6 atm, 800°C) reaction provides suitable confined growth of SWCNTs via co‐condensation of cobalt catalysts into mesoporous materials.
Understanding the relationship between negative emotional eating and binge eating: The moderating effects of acting with awareness and non‐reactive mindfulness
Authors: Barnhart Wesley R. , Braden Abby L. , Dial Lauren A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesNegative emotional eating and binge eating are positively related, occur in diverse populations, and may be driven by similar mechanisms. Mindfulness facets such as acting with awareness, describe, non‐judgement, non‐reactive, and observe may moderate the relationship between these maladaptive eating phenotypes.MethodA cross‐sectional study assessed emotional eating‐depression (Emotional Eating Scale‐Revised, depression subscale), trait mindfulness facets (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire‐Short Form), and binge eating severity (Binge Eating Scale) in adults (N = 258).ResultsEmotional eating‐depression was less strongly associated with binge eating severity in participants with higher acting with awareness mindfulness. Emotional eating‐depression was more strongly associated with binge eating severity in participants with higher non‐reactive mindfulness.ConclusionsActing with awareness and non‐reactive mindfulness may be important treatment targets in concurrent presentations of emotional eating‐depression and binge eating.
“I had hope. I loved this city once.”: A mixed methods study of hope within the context of poverty
Authors: Clark Rachael S. , Stubbeman Bobbie L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this emergent mixed methods study was to measure hope in individuals living in poverty and to explore potential contextual influences on hope. We used a sequential mixed methods study in which the quantitative phase was administered first followed by a qualitative phase. Participants in impoverished areas scored higher in hope than a comparison group of university students. In a follow‐up qualitative phase, participants named contributors to and detractors from hope that included experiences driven by environmental factors. Findings were organized according to Ecological Systems Theory (EST). Participants named factors from all levels of EST, and interactions between levels were evident. These results and findings support the inclusion of relevant contextual factors in psychological inquiry, and we suggest deliberate inclusion of individuals from all socioeconomic groups in future positive psychological research.
Connection of COX‐2 variants to ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility
Authors: Liu Hongyun , Wang Bin , Zhang Qiliang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the associations of COX‐2 polymorphisms rs5275, rs20417, and rs2745557 with the susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis among Chinese Han people. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) was adopted for genotyping COX‐2 polymorphisms rs5275, rs20417, and rs2745557 among 109 AS patients and 122 healthy controls. Genotype distribution in the control group was examined for these three polymorphisms to test whether it conformed to Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) expectation. A χ2‐test was employed to compare genotype and allele frequencies between the two groups. Besides this, logistic regression analyses were also performed to adjust age and gender. A p less than .05 represented a significant level. Genotype distribution of our studied polymorphisms showed fine conformity to HWE in the controls. An increasing effect on AS risk was detected for the polymorphism rs5275 under GG versus AA contrast (crude: OR, 3.040; 95% CI, 1.015–9.104), and the adjustment for age and gender did not change such a relationship (adjusted OR, 3.307; 95% CI, 1.065–10.268). After adjusting age and gender, both polymorphisms of rs20417 and rs2745557 demonstrated a negative relationship with the disease susceptibility. The GC genotype and C allele of rs20417 reduced the disease risk to 0.248 (adjusted: 95% CI, 0.089–0.692) and 0.269 (95% CI, 0.098–0.733), respectively, while the AA genotype and A allele of the latter to 0.413 (adjusted: 95% CI, 0.191–0.893) and 0.676 (adjusted: 95% CI, 0.466–0.981), respectively. Among Chinese Han people, COX‐2 polymorphism rs5275 may contribute to increased risk of developing AS, while the polymorphisms rs20417 and rs2745557 may offer protection against disease incidence.
Cerebellopontine Angle and Internal Auditory Canal Lipomas: Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Totten Douglas J. , Manzoor Nauman F. , Perkins Elizabeth L. , Labadie Robert F. , Bennett Marc L. , Haynes David S. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives/HypothesisCerebellopontine angle (CPA) and internal auditory canal (IAC) lipomas are rare, benign tumors comprising 0.08% of all intracranial tumors and can be mistaken for other, more common lesions of the CPA/IAC such as vestibular schwannoma. The purpose of this study was to review the literature and assess the evolution of CPA/IAC lipoma diagnosis and management. In addition, we present 17 new lipomas, matching the largest known case series of this rare tumor.Study DesignRetrospective case series and systematic review.MethodsSystematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. References from identified articles were also reviewed to identify potential additional manuscripts. Manuscripts and abstracts were reviewed to identify unique cases. For the case series, the charts of all CPA/IAC lipoma patients seen at a single institution from 2006–2019 were manually reviewed. Logistic regression and chi‐squared analysis were performed where appropriate.ResultsA total of 219 unique lipomas have been reported in the literature, including 17 presented in this study. Surgical management has been performed in 46% of cases and has been conducted less often in recent decades, likely due to improved radiographic diagnostic capabilities and understanding of surgical outcomes. Surgical management is associated with worse neurologic outcomes (P = .002) and has become less common in recent decades. Although growth is unlikely, it has been demonstrated in patients into their 30s.ConclusionsAccurate radiographic diagnosis is imperative for appropriate patient management, as CPA/IAC lipomas should typically be managed through observation and serial imaging whereas vestibular schwannomas and other CPA/IAC lesions may require microsurgical or radiosurgical intervention depending on growth and symptomatology. Laryngoscope, 131:2081–2087, 2021
A robust model predictive control framework for the regulation of anesthesia process with Propofol
Authors: Ntouskas Sotiris , Sarimveis Haralambos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present a robust Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for the intravenous administration of Propofol, a drug which is used for anesthesia during surgeries. The controller is designed for a population of patients and takes into account constraints on the amount of administered drug and on the drug concentration profile. A detailed compartmental mathematical model available in the literature is adjusted to the available data and provides the future predictions of the process. In the context of the application, only the depth of anesthesia (BIS index) is assumed to be measured—as it is common in practice. The state of the system (drug amount in organs) is estimated in real‐time by incorporating a state observer. The derived control scheme, along with the designed state observer are able to deal with major challenges in controlling the depth of anesthesia which are inter‐ and intra‐patient variability, model nonlinearity, and model uncertainty. The controller is able to satisfy the divergent characteristics of the patients of the dataset, while satisfying in parallel all the imposed constraints. Moreover, we show that by considering smaller groups of patients with similar characteristics the corresponding responses are significantly improved.
Heavy Chalcogenide‐Based Ionic Liquids in Syntheses of Metal Chalcogenide Materials near Room Temperature
Authors: Guschlbauer Jannick , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis minireview describes two strategically different and unexplored approaches to use ionic liquids (IL) containing weakly solvated and highly reactive chalcogenide anions [E‐SiMe3]− and [E−H]− of the heavy chalcogens (E=S, Se, Te) in materials synthesis near room temperature. The first strategy involves the synthesis of unprecedented trimethylsilyl chalcogenido metalates Cat+[M(E‐SiMe3)n]− (Cat=organic IL cation) of main group and transition metals (M=Ga, In, Sn, Zn, Cu, Ag, Au). These fully characterized homoleptic metalates serve as thermally metastable precursors in low‐temperature syntheses of binary, ternary and even quaternary chalcogenide materials such as CIGS and CZTS relevant for semiconductor and photovoltaics (PV) applications. Furthermore, thermally and protolytically metastable coinage metalates Cat+[M(ESiMe3)2]− (M=Cu, Ag, Au; E=S, Se) are accessible. Finally, the use of precursors BMPyr[E‐SiMe3] (E=Se,Te; BMPyr=1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium) as sources of activated selenium and tellurium in the synthesis of high‐grade thermoelectric nanoparticles Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 is shortly highlighted. The second synthesis strategy involves the metalation of ionic liquids Cat[S−H] and Cat[Se−H] by protolytically highly active metal alkyls or amides RnM. This rather general approach towards unknown chalcogenido metalates Catm[Rn‐1M(E)]m (E=S, Se) will be demonstrated in a research paper following this short review head‐to‐tail.
Who knows, who cares? Untangling ecological knowledge and nature connection among Amazonian colonist farmers
Authors: Mikołajczak Katarzyna , Lees Alexander C. , Barlow Jos , Sinclair Frazer , Trindade de Almeida Oriana , Souza Agnis C. , Parry Luke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Conservationists often assume that connection with and caring about nature's well‐being is strongly linked to ecological knowledge. Existing evidence on the link between ecological knowledge and psychological nature connection is mixed, geographically limited to countries in the Global North, and does not scrutinise potential differences in determinants of ecological knowledge and nature connection.

We investigate the relationship between psychological nature connection and ecological knowledge of local bird species, and assess their associations with potential drivers, including access to, contact with, and reliance on nature and socio‐demographic characteristics. Our study is carried among a novel participant population of colonist farmers living along a major deforestation frontier in the Brazilian Amazon.

Our study context has high conservation relevance and provides an ideal setting to assess the extent to which conservation psychology's insights from the Global North hold true elsewhere. Tropical farm‐forest frontiers suffer from intense habitat and biodiversity loss, and farmers with migrant origins are important yet rarely studied conservation stakeholders. Importantly, farmers' experiences of nature are likely to vary considerably due to the wide range of socio‐demographic, economic, geographical and cultural diversity.

Interviewees scored highly on two indices of nature connection, but scores were higher among older people and those with greater contact with nature. Bird identification knowledge was generally low to moderate, and higher among men and younger people. Species more frequently recognised were regionally common, larger‐bodied or associated with non‐forest habitats.

Ecological knowledge of birds and nature connection were not correlated, and they did not have any predictors in common. Our results indicate that colonist farmers are capable of forming strong connections with nature, even if they rarely possess detailed knowledge of local forest biodiversity. Considering the complex and apparently context‐dependent relationship between knowing and caring about nature, it is unwise to assume that changing one would automatically affect the other.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Characterization of the Hexanitrate Esters of Sugar Alcohols
Authors: McLennan Lindsay , Brown‐Nash Audreyana , Busby Taylor , Canaria Jeffrey , Kominia Athina , Smith James L. , Oxley Jimmie C. , Dubnikov Faina , Kosloff Ronnie , Zeiri Yehuda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe hexanitrates of the six‐carbon sugars mannitol and sorbitol were prepared and studied to gain insight in their relative stabilities. Synthesis and characterization of these materials resulted in the identification of two new crystalline polymorphs, one for each hexanitrate. Mannitol hexanitrate (MHN) exposed to elevated temperatures exhibited a different structure when measured by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy; however, no differences were observed in the thermal behavior. Sorbitol hexanitrate (SHN) has two distinct crystalline polymorphs that result in different melting behavior and differences in Raman and XRD. Thermal stability of these hexanitrates was also examined; despite being isomers, SHN and MHN differ in their long‐term thermal stability.
Synergies of Fe Single Atoms and Clusters on N‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalyst for pH‐Universal Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Liu Mengjie , Lee Jeongyeon , Yang Tsung‐Cheng , Zheng Fangyuan , Zhao Jiong , Yang Chia‐Min , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSingle atomic metal–N–C materials have attracted immense interest as promising candidates to replace noble metal‐based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The coordination environment of metal–N–C active centers plays a critical role in determining their catalytic activity and durability, however, attention is focused only on the coordination of metal atoms. Herein, Fe single atoms and clusters co‐embedded in N‐doped carbon (Fe/NC) that deliver the synergistic enhancement in pH‐universal ORR catalysis via the four‐electron pathway are reported. Combining a series of experimental and computational analyses, the geometric and electronic structures of catalytic sites in Fe/NC are revealed and the neighboring Fe clusters are shown to weaken the binding energies of the ORR intermediates on Fe–N sites, hence enhancing both catalytic kinetics and thermodynamics. This strategy provides new insights into the understanding of the mechanism of single atom catalysis.
Kreuzfahrtterminal Warnemünde: Abfertigung, kommunale Nutzung, Landmark
Authors: Fourmont Marcus , Mennenga Haiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDie steigenden Schiffsanläufe und Passagierzahlen in Rostock‐Warnemünde, einem der bedeutendsten Standorte für den Kreuzfahrttourismus im Ostseeraum, erforderten eine Erweiterung und Modernisierung der Infrastruktur. Das neue Cruise‐Terminal wurde 2020 eröffnet. Trotz der in diesem Jahr geringeren Auslastung durch die weltweite Corona‐Pandemie bleibt die Nachfrage und Prognose für den Ostseeraum hoch. Die Gestaltung des Gebäudes folgt den Anforderungen der unterschiedlichen Nutzungen im Jahresverlauf als EU‐Außengrenze und kommunaler Veranstaltungsraum. Die Windlasten waren aufgrund der exponierten Lage in unmittelbarer Küstennähe sowie durch die Position der Schiffe im Bezug zum Gebäude versuchsgestützt zu ermitteln. Der gewünschte repräsentative Charakter des Gebäudes, kombiniert mit einer komplizierten Gründungssituation, erzeugt ein außergewöhnliches Tragwerk in Stahlbauweise. In diesem Beitrag wird detailliert auf die anspruchsvolle Tragwerksplanung eingegangen.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of $$T_2$$- and Diffusion Anisotropy Using a Tiltable Receive Coil
Authors: Tax Chantal M. W. , Kleban Elena , Baraković Muhamed , Chamberland Maxime , Jones Derek K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe anisotropic microstructure of white matter is reflected in various MRI contrasts. Transverse relaxation rates can be probed as a function of fibre-orientation with respect to the main magnetic field, while diffusion properties are probed as a function of fibre-orientation with respect to an encoding gradient. While the latter is easy to obtain by varying the orientation of the gradient, as the magnetic field is fixed, obtaining the former requires re-orienting the head. In this work we deployed a tiltable RF-coil to study$$T_2$$T2- and diffusional anisotropy of the brain white matter simultaneously in diffusion-$$T_2$$T2correlation experiments.
Challenges for Tractogram Filtering
Authors: Jörgens Daniel , Descoteaux Maxime , Moreno Rodrigo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTractography aims at describing the most likely neural fiber paths in white matter. A general issue of current tractography methods is their large false-positive rate. An approach to deal with this problem is tractogram filtering in which anatomically implausible streamlines are discarded as a post-processing step after tractography. In this chapter, we review the main approaches and methods from literature that are relevant for the application of tractogram filtering. Moreover, we give a perspective on the central challenges for the development of new methods, including modern machine learning techniques, in this field in the next few years.
Öffentliche Mobilität gestalten – Die Mobilitätsberichterstattung
Authors: Hausigke Sven , Kruse Carolin 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungWie mobil eine Person ist, wird bestimmt von der Anzahl und Qualität ihrer Möglichkeiten – dem Möglichkeitsraum. Die Mobilität von Menschen ist daher von den äußeren, öffentlichen Einflussfaktoren abhängig, die sich aus dem Verkehrssystem selbst als auch aus den räumlichen, gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Einflussfaktoren ergeben. Um Mobilität für alle zu gestalten, sind somit die Bedarfe der Bevölkerung und ihre bestehenden Möglichkeitsräume in der Verkehrsplanung zu berücksichtigen.
Öffentliche Mobilität und eine neue Mobilitätskultur – Grundlagen, Entwicklungen und Wege zur kulturellen Verkehrswende
Authors: Hoor Maximilian 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich aus einer kulturtheoretischen Perspektive mit neuen Mobilitätskulturen und ihrer Bedeutung für die Öffentliche Mobilität auseinander. Wenn es das verkehrsplanerische und -politische Ziel ist, jede*r Bürger*in die gesellschaftliche Teilhabe zu gewähren, aber den dadurch verursachten Verkehr in seinen negativen Auswirkungen zu begrenzen (siehe die Einleitung von Schwedes in diesem Band), dann werden vielfältige und mit Konflikten verbundene Umgestaltungs-, Umverteilungs- und Aushandlungsprozesse geführt werden müssen, die sowohl auf materieller wie auf symbolischer Ebene wirken: Es braucht eine neue Mobilitätskultur.
Öffentliche Mobilität finanzieren: Plädoyer für ein neues Verständnis der Mobilitätsfinanzierung im öffentlichen Verkehr
Authors: Mietzsch Oliver 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungMit der Herausbildung integrativer Planungsansätze zur besseren Erfassung des Phänomens stellt sich nicht nur die Frage nach geeigneten Messinstrumenten zur Beschreibung der Komplexität der Bewegung von Menschen in Raum und Zeit. Vielmehr ergeben sich daraus auch gänzlich neue Anforderungen an den Bereich der Governance, d. h. die immateriellen und materiellen Rahmenbedingungen von Mobilität. Zu den immateriellen Rahmenbedingungen gehören die im historischen Kontext verorteten ethischen Begründungen für die Organisation von Mobilität ebenso wie die daraus entstandenen Handlungsmuster und Routinen, d. h. die Mobilitätskultur (siehe den Beitrag von Hoor in diesem Band).
Two decades since the fetal insulin hypothesis: what have we learned from genetics?
Authors: Hughes Alice E. , Hattersley Andrew T. , Flanagan Sarah E. , Freathy Rachel M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn 1998 the fetal insulin hypothesis proposed that lower birthweight and adult-onset type 2 diabetes are two phenotypes of the same genotype. Since then, advances in research investigating the role of genetics affecting insulin secretion and action have furthered knowledge of fetal insulin-mediated growth and the biology of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we discuss the historical research context from which the fetal insulin hypothesis originated and consider the position of the hypothesis in light of recent evidence. In summary, there is now ample evidence to support the idea that variants of certain genes which result in impaired pancreatic beta cell function and reduced insulin secretion contribute to both lower birthweight and higher type 2 diabetes risk in later life when inherited by the fetus. There is also evidence to support genetic links between type 2 diabetes secondary to reduced insulin action and lower birthweight but this applies only to loci implicated in body fat distribution and not those influencing insulin resistance via obesity or lipid metabolism by the liver. Finally, we also consider how advances in genetics are being used to explore alternative hypotheses, namely the role of the maternal intrauterine environment, in the relationship between lower birthweight and adult cardiometabolic disease.
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