bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Cryogenically Treated WC-Co Cemented Carbides
Authors: Bricín D , Průcha V , Jansa Z , Kříž A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the corrosion resistance and microstructure of deeply cryogenic treated (DCT) cemented carbides (CC). Changes in corrosion resistance were determined by potentiodynamic testing in artificial mine water. Microstructural changes were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis. Four sorts of WC-Co cemented carbides with different WC grain sizes and volume fractions of cobalt binder were used for the experiment. Specimens were divided into two groups. The first group of specimens was deeply cryogenic treated (DCT) at -186°C in dry liquid nitrogen vapor. The second group of specimens was tempered at 450°C. The results of the experiments show that DCT increased the amount of ε-Co in all the types of CC compared to the tempered group of specimens. This microstructural change and a change in the micro-stresses in the surfaces of the specimens contributed to increasing the corrosion resistance of CC after DCT.
Study of particle size and position on debris evacuation during Wire EDM operations
Authors: Izquierdo B , Wang J , Sánchez J A , Ayesta I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a well-known non-conventional machining process for those applications that require both good finishing and tight tolerances. One of the main problems that occur during EDM operations is wire breakage, which leads to stops in the machining process and lowers process productivity. Recent findings have revealed that discharge accumulations near the same spot of the wire are the main cause for wire breakage. If this discharge accumulation is not stopped, the wire finally breaks. In the present work CFD simulations have been effectively used to simulate dielectric flow and particle movement. The effect of particle size and position, together with the effect of high and low pressure flushing conditions have been analyzed. The studied variables have a clear effect on debris evacuation, and it can be concluded that particle size and position, together with nozzle position affect process stability and wire breakage. This work can help to develop new WEDM strategies that consider the relation between mentioned variables and wire breakage.
Preliminary study of abrasive water jet texturing on low thickness UNS A92024 alloy sheets
Authors: Bañon F , Sambruno A , Gómez A , Mayuet P F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Texturing and surface modification operations are a line of research of great interest nowadays. The requirement to establish a process that can generate a constant and homogeneous roughness as a previous step to joining operations, application of paint or mechanical tests is a current challenge. Technologies such as shot blasting or laser texturing have achieved great results in terms of roughness and surface activation. Nevertheless, there is an alternative technology that is achieving great interest. Abrasive water jet texturing takes advantage of the combination of the impact of abrasive particles and water at high speed with the controlled displacement of the jet to generate a surface with a controlled roughness. Thus, in comparison with other technologies, abrasive waterjet texturing can achieve higher roughness values and a constant texturing area as a function of the overlap established between the passes. In this work, a preliminary study is proposed in order to establish a direct relationship between the parameters governing the technology and the roughness generated in a low thickness UNS A92024 alloy. Defectology associated to the process, as well as the combination of texturing parameters have been determined.
3D printing of spare parts: experimental study using non-standardized tests of the maximum supported torque
Authors: Cerro A , Molero E , González R , Romero P E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Industry 4.0 is scanning the spare parts of your machines and printing them directly when they are needed. This reduces storage space and shortens downtimes associated with corrective maintenance. In this work, we study which printing factors are the most important in spare parts that are going to be subjected to torque and have been manufactured by fused deposition modelling. For this purpose, an L16 design of experiments with three factors and two levels has been carried out. The factors studied were: number of shells, infill pattern and infill density. Following this design of experiments, cylindrical specimens with hexagonal heads were manufactured. These specimens were subjected to a non-standardized torsion test. From the experimental results, using the Taguchi method and the analysis of variance, it was found that the factors that most influence the maximum torque reached by the parts are the number of shells and the infill density. As a practical application of the work, the spare part for a water heater selector has been manufactured, using 5 shells and a density of 80 %.
Tensile properties of elastomer process through FFF for biomedical applications
Authors: Adrover B , Lluma J , Jerez R , Travieso J A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
3D printing technology, specifically the fused filament fabrication technique (FFF), is growing in both, industrial and private sector. Due to the large number of possible applications for parts built through this technique, the need to study new materials increases. This paper aims to characterize a thermoplastic elastomer material, TPE 96A. TPE is a flexible material that, among others, can have applications in the field of biomedicine thanks to its flexibility and strength. In order to study the material, two controlled printing parameters (layer height and fill density) are related with its mechanical properties defining the responses obtained in a tensile test. A factorial design of experiments is applied to optimize the process. The specimens are manufactured according to the ASTM D638 standard. Finally, the results will be analyzed by means of an analysis of variance test (ANOVA). Results show that the highest Young’s modulus achieved experimentally is 129 MPa if a combination of 75% of fill density and a 0.2 mm layer height is used for manufacturing the samples.
Presentation of a concrete additive manufacturing extruder with online rheology modification capabilities
Authors: Poudelet L , Castellví A , Calvo L , Cardona R , Uceda R , Fenollosa F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To date, Additive Manufacturing (AM), a driving technology for the Industry 4.0 paradigm, is a growing technology field but has not reached relevant impact in the construction sector. The reason exposed in this article is the fact that current capabilities in terms of control of the setting reaction of concrete in real time are limited. Experimentation with a state-of-the-art concrete AM print-head has evidenced that the full stabilization of concrete’s chemical reactions is complex and involves phenomena that are not yet fully understood. Addressing this problem and the development of a fully automatic closed loop control would allow a great step forward in the capabilities of concrete additive manufacturing. So, as a first step, valuable information from thermal and pressure sensors were collected along the printing process, and their variations associated with the control of actuators (mixers and pumps) have been noted. A path for full real-time automatic control can be foreseen, and will guide future research and developments.
The commissioning of a hybrid multi-material 3D printer
Authors: Castellví A , Poudelet L , Tejo A , Calvo L , Uceda R , Lustig P , Minguella J , Buj I , Fenollosa F , Krauel L , Valls A , Ayats M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) has rapidly become an important technology in both research and industry. This development has allowed the evolution of 3D printers which are able to print complex geometries at low costs and faster than traditional methods. Despite this, most of these printers are either only for using one material or one technology. This limits a lot its use in different sectors such as aeronautics, automotive or health, because multi-material prototypes are needed. For example, surgeons need surgical planning prototypes for preoperative planning. These 3D printed prototypes have mainly been manufactured using just one technology. As a result, the prototypes have some main limitations: (1) do not actually mimic the anatomical structures of the human body, (2) high costs specially for Material Jetting and Powder Bed Fusion AM technologies. Therefore, the aim of present manuscript is the design, development, and commissioning of a hybrid multi-material 3D printer.
Lean Safety - assessment of the impact of 5S and Visual Management on safety
Authors: Sá J C , Manuel V , Silva F J G , Santos G , Ferreira L P , Pereira T , Carvalho M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study was developed in a furniture company and aimed to implement some Lean tools, such as 5S and Visual Management to reduce waste, by improving the production process. To carry out this analysis an observation plan was used, having the Spaghetti diagram as a reference as well as the value-added analysis of the operations. The implementation of 5S’s allowed the improvement of the visual management and the organization through a reorganization of the layout, as well as normalization of the production process. With this, a reduction of 40% was achieved in terms of waste related to activities that did not add value to the product, such as unnecessary movements, waiting times and even movement of materials, having achieved a level of productivity of 74% and 87% in the finishing and joinery sections, respectively. In addition to improvements in the production process, the impact of the measures at the safety level (lean safety) was assessed. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared to assess the opinion of the employees, in which 40% considered that the implementation of the tools provided a greater motivation to develop their work activities safely.
Evaluation of mechanical properties of FDM components reinforced with fibre
Authors: Rodríguez P , Zapico P , Robles P E , Soto A , Barreiro J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This research analyses the influence of different parameters of the Fused Deposition Modelling process with continuous carbon fibre reinforcement upon tensile strength of manufactured parts. For that, the appropriate behaviour of specimens designed according to ISO 527 standard was verified, in a preliminary test. Hereafter, a full factorial Design of Experiment was proposed with five parameters and two levels. After manufacturing and testing the specimens, a regression including all possible interactions of the parameters was performed with their tensile results. This model was optimized, considering the terms with the highest statistical significance (p-value less than 0.05), so that a simplified model of 14 terms with an r-squared of 97.5% was obtained. Thanks to this research the tensile response of a printed part as a function of the chosen manufacturing parameters can be predicted in advance.
Robust metrological characterization of circular profiles
Authors: Greco L , Caja J , Maresca P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Outliers are likely to corrupt data acquired by optical profiles and ignoring them can badly affect the output of the analysis. The occurrence of very few outliers can completely invalidate the fitting process and uncertainty evaluations. Outliers are unexpected values that often mask each other being not detectable by any pre-screening of the data. Therefore, there is the need to adopt a proper robust approach to fit circular profiles data and identify data inadequacies. Here, it is suggested to resort to impartial trimming to fit the centre and the radius of a circle. The optimization problem is based on a subset of the data after discarding that fraction of points with the largest distance from the fitted centre. Trimmed observation are likely to be outliers. The methodology is illustrated through both synthetic and real data.
Merging complex information in high speed broaching operations in order to obtain a robust machining process
Authors: Del Olmo A , Martínez de Pissón G , Sastoque L , Fernández A , Calleja A , López De Lacalle L N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Current machine-tool users require more unattended machine centres due to the high competition in the global market of manufacturing. As a result, the control and monitoring systems became of utmost importance to detect the different events that could happen during the machining process. For example, broaching process is critical for firtree machining in turbine and automotive components. Tight tolerances and high productivity are the two main requirements for this kind of operation; therefore, it is essential to capture any anomaly during the process, that could damage the piece. This work proposes an alternative way of monitoring broaching process, based on machine internal signals, instead of the use of expensive force sensors for cutting force measurement. This paper presents an indirect monitoring procedure and its application in AISI 1045 high-speed broaching. The results showed the correlation between cutting force and servomotor power consumption, is as a good parameter in the monitoring process of vertical high-speed broaching forces, capable of capture even changes in the cutting forces range of 500N.
Design of a machine to rectify ceramic tiles for laboratory tests
Authors: Serrano J , Abellán J V , Bruscas G M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The tile rectification process, also called squaring, consists of machining the edges of the tile to make them straight, parallel two by two and perpendicular to the other two in addition to controlling the size of the tile (calibrating). The current industrial lines are based on multiple heads (abrasive wheels) where the characterization of the process in terms of product quality and power consumption is hard to be conducted. In this work we present a laboratory machine equipped with a single grinding wheel to be used for testing and simulating the working conditions of a conventional rectification tile. The specifications of the machine that are required and the analysis of the different functional systems designed (clamping and motion, cutting, cooling, structure/enclosure, and electrical/control system) is reported. This machine may lead researchers to characterize the rectification process and propose actions for improving the efficiency and the sustainability of the industrial process.
Machine-dynamics monitoring for L-DED operations
Authors: Arrizubieta J I , Ruiz J E , Ostolaza M , Ukar E , Lamikiz A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Laser Directed Energy Deposition is an Additive Manufacturing technology that enables repairing or coating high-added-value components. The obtained results depend on the process parameters, but also on the machine dynamics, e.g. the capability of the machine to follow the programmed trajectory at a constant velocity. In the present research work, the response of a laser machine and a FAGOR 8070 CNC control at different situations is analysed. Special attention is paid to the trajectory smoothing command of the control. The machine acceleration is found to affect the initial and final accelerations, but not the velocity reduction in the direction change. On the contrary, the value of the chordal error influences the machine deceleration in the direction change corner, whereas its influence is almost negligible in the initial and final accelerations.
Numerical investigation of deposition strategies on the residual stress and geometrical deviation in Laser Metal Deposition
Authors: Ghasempour M , Afonso D , Torcato R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the current study, effect of deposition strategy on the residual stress, geometrical deviation, area change, and temperature distribution has been investigated. To do so, four different strategies namely continuous, two direction raster, inside-out contouring, outside-in contouring with the same process parameters were used. To run simulation, Simufact software was used and both powder and substrate were considered as deformable part with SS316. Having run the simulation, the most important results are as follows: maximum and minimum residual stress occurred by using continuous and outside-in contouring, respectively. The maximum and minimum total displacement (total geometrical deviation) occurred by applying inside-out contouring and outside-in contouring, respectively.
Development of Machine Learning prediction models for their integration in a Digital Twin for a tapered roller bearing production line
Authors: Domínguez J , Esteban A , Romeo J A , Cebrián F , Domingo S Santo , Aguilar J J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop the prediction models that are integrated in a digital twin for a tapered roller bearing multi-stage production line. The manufacturing process consists of rings machining and component assembly processes, including intense quality control. This work proposes the use of machine learning techniques for a 4-step strategy which consists of: a data analysis, the development of one prediction model for the manufacture of the double outer ring, one model for the two inners rings, and finally their integration in the digital twin. The strategy is validated with real data. Several regression techniques are tested and the selected model is the exponential regression due to its better performance when compared with other algorithms. Once incorporated in the digital twin, the developed models can predict the process behaviour under potential changes so determining the optimum operating conditions can be fairly facilitated; as well as predict the final bearing setting under different machining conditions.
Modular and flexible Automation Middleware based on LabVIEW and OPC UA
Authors: Künzel A , Puchta A , Gönnheimer P , Fleischer J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The increasing automation level of processes in production systems leads to new technical challenges, especially in the implementation and maintenance of software architectures. New requirements arise regarding the interface between Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), robots, Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) and superordinate information systems (e.g. ERP). Industry 4.0 demands, among other things, an increase in flexibility, adaptability and transparency to achieve vertical and horizontal interoperability and a continuous integration. The innovative automation middleware is capable of replacing the heterogeneous interface landscape, which currently exists in many companies and institutions. The basic idea is the implementation of a modular and standardized middleware. Due to relevant characteristics, such as dataflow orientation and graphical programming interface, using LabVIEW as a programming language turned out to be the most suitable solution. The system deploys OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) to connect all required components across multiple enterprise levels. Moreover, the software solution controls the workflow and collects process data for further analysis. In contrast to software products available on the market, which usually come along with manufacturer dependencies, the established middleware based on the combination LabVIEW and OPC UA is transparent, extensible and independent.
Development of a modular kit to improve DFA learning
Authors: Serrano J , Benavent S , Bruscas G M , Abellán J V , Rosado P , Romero F 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDFA (Design for assembly) is an important part of the contents included in some of the manufacturing courses taught at Jaume I University. DFA is a tool to analyse and improve product design from an assembly point of view. Although DFA contents had been covered using different teaching activities (theoretical, problem and laboratory sessions), the results in students’ assessment revealed that the expected learning outcomes were not being achieved. In particular, results were especially unsatisfactory in the practical application of DFA. Students misunderstood concepts such as “handling” and “insertion” operations, and failed at identifying assembly problems related to thickness or alignment among others. A learning by doing approach has been proved to improve students’ learning and engagement, as they take an active role and have the opportunity of doing things themselves. In a previous work, a specific modular and reconfigurable kit to improve DFA learning by experimentation was designed. Based on this work, this paper presents the analysis of the results obtained in two different courses where the modular kit has been used by students in a new seminar session.
Digital skills mentoring for online teaching and evaluation in the Industrial Engineering Faculty of the University of Málaga
Authors: Lozano M M , Martín S , Herrera M , Cano M J , Sevilla L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has forced the usual face-to-face educative activities to change to e-learning processes. When the faculty has the necessary knowledge on digital skills this obligatory step becomes easier. Videoconferences, as synchronous communication tool and Learning Management Systems (LSM) allow to carry out the e-learning actuations. The University of Málaga has required to adapt its educative activities to e-learning processes due to the pandemic. To facilitate this change, a digital skill mentoring actuation has been implemented in all faculties of the University of Málaga. The digital skill actuations have been related with evaluation processes and with communication systems to development the teaching classes. In this work, the experience in the Faculty of Industrial Engineering of the University of Malaga, is exposed. The results obtained show that the previous LSM used by the University of Malaga facilitated the change to the e-learning process in the Faculty of Industrial Engineering.
Creation of a virtual museum as a learning tool in the teaching of the Manufacturing Engineering subject
Authors: Martín M J , Martín F , Cano M J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Teaching subjects such as Manufacturing Engineering requires the use of effective teaching tools, which help students in their learning process. While the traditional transmission model can be effective when teaching concepts and theoretical contents, others activities are essential to allow students to participate, act or reflect, thus developing skills and competences, such as communication, teamwork, and creativity. This paper presents a learning tool based on the creation of a virtual museum related to the Manufacturing Engineering field, which is included as a coursework in the teaching program of the subject “Manufacturing Engineering”. This subject is taught at the second year of different degrees at the Industrial Engineering School of the University of Malaga and a percentage of its final grade comes from this activity. The museum is materialized through the posters whose format is similar to those presented at conferences and whose content may be referred to three topics (object, process or biography). Once the students are given the necessary instructions, each project is selected by a work group and its development is supervised in the next two sessions by the lecturer. In the final stage, each group gives the presentation about their work. The analysis of the students’ grades obtained from both this activity and the whole subject makes it possible to quantify the impact of this type of activities on the student learning and achievement. Eventually, best posters will be part of the department collection, being accessible to students in subsequent years.