bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing diversity training program for business executives
Authors: Sarkar Anita 
Published: July 2021

PurposeIn today’s corporate world, effective management of diversity is a critical business and social imperative. This paper aims to identify relevant issues connected to diversity training and suggest course content that can be useful in corporate and academia while offering diversity training.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have conducted a literature review on primary aspects connected to diversity training. Specifically, papers published in recent times are given focus to come up with relevant diversity training content and other connected concerns.FindingsIn this paper, the authors focus on how academicians and practitioners can develop an effective diversity training initiative, based on some of the critical nuances discussed in the literature. Suggested training content includes sensitivity, awareness, behavioral approach, policy guidelines and diversity impact analysis. This training content can further be customized based on the corporate context where the training is to be delivered.Originality/valueBased on the literature review, the paper suggests a holistic diversity training program that is hopefully going to be useful for both practitioners and academicians.
The calculus of peace and conflict: a contractualist perspective
Authors: Handelman Sapir 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Intractable conflict is a long-time violent and self-perpetuating crisis. The peacemaking revolution has the potential to stop the destructive dynamic of the conflict. The purpose of this paper is to present a contractualist model of a peacemaking revolution and its theoretical foundations. It analyzes the revolutionary peacemaking process in Northern Ireland during the 1990s in light of the contractualist model.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents a contractualist model to describe the interplay between leaders (policymakers) and people (public opinion) and its impact on the strategy to cope with situations of intractable conflict. The paper includes theoretical background and a case study analysis.

Findings
The peacemaking revolution is a process of dynamic equilibrium between peacemaking policy and public expectations for change. It progresses from one point of equilibrium to the next.

Originality/value
The paper intends to add a fresh perspective to the study of the peacemaking revolution, in general, and the interplay between peacemaking policy and public support in particular. It points out that a consensus-building process, which combines political-elite diplomacy and public diplomacy, has the potential to create the conditions for a peacemaking revolution. Political-elite diplomacy offers diplomatic channels for leaders to begin a peace process, support it and conclude agreements. Public diplomacy offers instruments to involve the people in the peacemaking efforts, prepare them for a change and motivate the leaderships to conclude agreements.
Mental health under occupation: an analysis of the de-politicization of the mental health discourse in Palestine and a call for a human rights approach
Authors: Helbich Maria , Jabr Samah 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This study aims to look at the effects of the Israeli occupation on the mental health of Palestinians and examine the link between political oppression and the occurrence of mental health disorders. It argues that, as human rights violations in Palestine are connected to psychological distress, the root causes of social suffering need to be considered in order not to pathologize Palestinians. The purpose of this paper lies in connecting the mental health discourse with a human rights approach to better understand this connection within the context of political violence.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents the viewpoint and perspectives of the authors on significant mental health issues in Palestine. The methodology is based on a literature review of the de-politicization of the mental health discourse and on the theoretical framework of a human rights approach. At the base of this discourse lies the demand for social justice and professional solidarity.

Findings
The study highlights that to truly understand social suffering in Palestine, it needs to be related to the prevalence of human rights violations, which in turn have a conceivable impact on the mental health well-being of individuals. It advocates for a shift from a de-contextualized, de-politicized and individualistic approach to mental health to acknowledging the importance of the social and political context in which trauma develops. It further illustrates how the adaptation of a human rights approach can strengthen demands of social justice and oppose the victimization of Palestinians.

Originality/value
The value of the works lies in putting the prevalence of mental health disorders in Palestine in relation to human rights violations as a consequence of the ongoing Israeli occupation and in highlighting the role that international organizations play in the de-politicization of the mental health discourse.
Social networks and gangs: moving research forward with low-cost data collection opportunities in school and prison settings
Authors: Bouchard Martin 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
As useful as police data have been in furthering our knowledge of gangs and gang violence networks, not everything about gang networks can be learned from examining police data alone. There are numerous alternative sources of data that already exist on gang networks and some that can be developed further. This study aims to introduce existing research on social networks and gangs with a specific focus on prisons and schools.

Design/methodology/approach
This study reviews the existing empirical literature on gang networks in schools and prison settings and use the broader literature on social networks and crime to propose directions for future research, including specific suggestions on data collection opportunities that are considered to be low-cost; that is, strategies that simply make use of existing administrative records in both settings, instead of developing original data collection procedures.

Findings
The author found the existing literature on each of these settings to be quite limited, especially when the spotlight is put specifically on gang networks. These shortcomings can be addressed via low-cost opportunities for data collection in each of these settings, opportunities that simply require the network coding of existing administrative records as a foundation for gang network studies.

Originality/value
Investing in these low-cost network data collection activities have the potential for theoretical and empirical contributions on our understanding of gang networks, and may also bring value to practitioners working in school and prison settings as a guide for network-based planning or interventions.
Devastation and innovation: examining prison education during a national pandemic
Authors: Bradley Alexandria , Davies Bill 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to highlight the impact that Covid-19 has had on the quality of education in prisons. This study considers the restrictive approaches taken by Her Majesty’s Prison Service during this challenging time, to argue that prisoner education is not being adequately prioritised. This study highlight issues relating to the digital divide in prisons and the lack of technological advancement, which could improve educational continuity and in-cell learning.

Design/methodology/approach
This study provides an examination of the broad impact the national pandemic has had on prisons and punishment, Covid-19 National Frameworks and policies relating to prison restrictions, the movements within prisoner education policy, scholarship and reflections from delivering Learning Together in HMP Full Sutton, to argue that prisoners are at the bottom of the educational hierarchy in terms of delivery, innovation and prioritisation of learner needs. However, this study proposes that some of the technologically enhanced learning is a potential solution, to transform educational equity and to reduce the digital divide.

Findings
This study highlights that education in prisons has taken a sudden and substantial deterioration. Findings suggest that there are few signs of this improving in the immediate future due to ongoing national restrictions. The Covid-19 prison restrictions further demonstrate the neglect of prisoners' educational needs. In addition, the national pandemic has highlighted the lack of use of technology within educational delivery in prisoners. However, findings suggest that through engaging digital learning platforms and the greater inclusions of technology in prisons, they can enhance educational opportunities and inclusive experiences for isolated learners.

Research limitations/implications
This is a study piece with support from a review of policy and scholarship. This is not based on data collected with serving prisoners during the national pandemic.

Originality/value
This study provides an overview of the current restrictions and lockdowns in prison associated with the national pandemic. Contemporary consideration to this underexplored area is essential to highlight the severe deprivations of prisoners and the fundamental impact this has had on educational delivery and much anticipated progression. Nuanced approaches to increase the use of technology within prison education are considered, in light of the challenges the pandemic has spotlighted.
Entrepreneurship and agriculture resources on national productivity in Africa: exploring for complementarities, synergies and thresholds
Authors: Kriese Maryam , Nabieu Gladys Awinpoak Abindaw , Ofori-Sasu Daniel , Kusi Baah Aye 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Existent literature suggests that Africa is heavily endowed with agriculture resources and entrepreneurship remains an important mechanism for promoting national productivity and other economic outcomes. Despite these, empirical evidence on how agriculture resources promote the effect of entrepreneurship on national productivity in Africa is nonexistent given the abundance of agriculture resources and the need for Africa to increase its productivity, which has implications for improving welfare. Hence, this study aims to examine the interplay of how agriculture resources and entrepreneurship influence national productivity by way of exploring for threshold and complementarity effects of agriculture resources in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
This uses panel data of 29 Africa economies between 2006 and 2016 in a bootstrap quantile regression model.

Findings
First, it is reported that initial levels of agriculture resources in the form of crop and arable lands reduce national productivity while the extreme increase in agriculture resources promotes national productivity in Africa. This implies a nonlinear direct U-shape effect of agriculture resources on national productivity indicating that the enhancing effect of agriculture resources on national productivity is only achieved beyond a certain threshold of average agriculture resources. Second, agriculture resources complement entrepreneurship (which initially reduced national productivity) to promote national productivity. This implies that there is a synergetic-complementarity relationship between entrepreneurship and agriculture resources on national productivity.

Practical implications
These findings suggest that governments that are interested in boosting national productivity through agriculture resources may have to commit more financial resources to develop and reclaiming more agriculture resources (in the form of crop and arable lands) given that some threshold of agriculture resources are needed to promote national productivity. Similarly, developing agriculture resources by policymakers can help complement entrepreneurship to further improve the effects of entrepreneurship on national productivity.

Originality/value
This study attempts to present first-time evidence on the interplay between agriculture resources and entrepreneurship on national productivity by way of exploring for threshold and complementarity effects of agriculture resources in Africa.
Risk analysis of belt and road infrastructure projects using integrated ISM-MICMAC approach
Authors: Nikjow Mohammad Ajmal , Liang Li , Xijing Qi , Sonar Harshad 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The historic Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an economic reform policy proposed by the Chinese Government that focuses on connectivity, improved collaboration and more robust economic relations. This paper aims to identify risks involved in BRI infrastructure project and establish a hierarchical relationship among them.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology includes two phases, namely, identification of significant risks involved in the BRI project using systematic literature review and to develop a hierarchical relationship between the risks using interpretive structural modeling followed by the MICMAC analysis.

Findings
This work has identified the 11 risks of BRI infrastructure projects through academic literature. Based on the analysis, economic risk (R3), environmental risk (R1) and political risk (R2) are placed at level six in the ISM model and can significantly influence BRI infrastructure projects. These risks have high driving power, which exaggerates other risks.

Research limitations/implications
This study would help Engineering Procurements and Construction contractors in strategic decision-making select risk mitigation strategies and make robust and efficient infrastructure projects. However, additional factors may be considered, which are essential for the BRI infrastructure project.

Originality/value
This research’s novelty lies in the advancement of expertise in project risk assessment. This study contributes by identifying the most significant risks involved in the BRI project. The integrated ISM-MICMAC approach provides a macro picture of BRI project risks to formulate better strategies for its success.
The role of team processes in innovation development to sustain learning organizations
Authors: Witherspoon Alison 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore how team processes relate to employee team learning that leads to innovation in higher education (HE) and provides leaders with an adaptable model with recommendations for implementation.

Design/methodology/approach
This research was guided by theories of experiential learning, action learning and organizational learning, as well as change theory and design thinking. The process and results are grounded in mixed methods action research including document analysis, interviews, observations and surveys. Team-level data were analyzed using content analysis, process analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha and Wilcoxon signed-rank.

Findings
Universities struggle to prioritize proactive approaches to serving students. This research indicates teams engaging in frequent welcoming, ideating, synthesizing and mentor-seeking behaviors developed higher quality and more innovative proposals for organizational improvement when compared with teams engaging in these behaviors less often. Team member individual innovative ability increased at a statistically significant level after participation.

Research limitations/implications
This research is based on one HE setting in the USA.

Practical implications
The model used in this study could be adapted to fit a variety of contexts especially in HE. Findings could inform training development to facilitate team learning that leads to innovative action.

Originality/value
This study adds to the existing learning organization and HE administration literature by expanding on the role of team behaviors in effective team learning by considering team processes over time. This research adds to a paucity of literature related to employee team learning in HE.
The impact of personality trait and social experience on youngsters’ intention to purchase impulsively from social commerce platforms
Authors: Anindito Kusworo , Handarkho Yonathan Dri 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This study aims to determine the impact of personality traits and social experience on Indonesian youngsters’ intention to purchase impulsively from social commerce (SC) platforms. Furthermore, latent state-trait, personal traits and social impact were used to determine the factors influencing this impulsive behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a theoretical research model with data obtained from 658 Indonesian youngsters between the ages of 18 and 24. The data were prepared using exploratory and confirmatory factors with the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach used to analyze the direct, indirect and moderating effects.

Findings
The result showed that hedonic motivation is the most influential personality trait construct that directly determines youngsters’ purchasing intention, followed by perceived behavior control. Furthermore, their constructs from social experience, namely, subjective norms and peer communication, significantly have an indirect effect on the dependent variable through mediator hedonic motivation and perceived behavior control.

Originality/value
Preliminary studies neglected the social interaction process used by youngsters’ in the impulsive purchase of the SC context. Therefore, this research postulated the associated factors by involving their interplay between personal traits and social experience.
Not all faults are conductive: the effects of seasonal weather changes on the near‐surface expression of faults
Authors: Nobes David C. , Hornblow Sharon M. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe near‐surface electrical properties of faults can change with seasonal climate, depending on the nature of the materials filling the faults, e.g. fault gouge vs fractured rock, and be subject to seasonal weather changes. A period of dry weather, especially in a hot climate, can dry out the near‐surface sections of faults that are filled with porous materials, thus increasing the electrical resistivity, yet may not affect a fault that is filled with fine‐grained material that retains moisture well. Conversely, a sustained period of wet weather can fill porous faults with water, thus decreasing the resistivity. To illustrate the impact of seasonal weather changes on the near‐surface properties of faults, we conducted electrical imaging and ground‐penetrating radar surveys during the late spring, summer, and early autumn on the Glen Lyon and Benmore segments of the Ostler Fault, respectively, in the South Canterbury and Central Otago provinces of the South Island of New Zealand. The changes in the response are clear: seasonal weather changes can affect the near‐surface properties of faults, and the geophysical responses from the near‐surface faults can vary depending on the nature of the material filling the fault.
Influences from working memory, word and sentence reading on passage comprehension and teacher ratings
Authors: Kirschmann Nicole , Lenhard Wolfgang , Suggate Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

Reading fluency is a major determinant of reading comprehension but depends on moderating factors such as auditory working memory (AWM), word recognition and sentence reading skills. We investigated how word and sentence reading skills relate to reading comprehension differentially across the first 6 years of schooling and tested which reading variable best predicted teacher judgements. We conducted our research in a rather transparent language, namely, German, drawing on two different data sets. The first was derived from the normative sample of a reading comprehension test (ELFE‐II), including 2056 first to sixth graders with readings tests at the word, sentence and text level. The second sample included 114 students from second to fourth grade. The latter completed a series of tests that measured word and sentence reading fluency, pseudoword reading, AWM, reading comprehension, self‐concept and teacher ratings. We analysed the data via hierarchical regression analyses to predict reading comprehension and teacher judgements. The impact of reading fluency was strongest in second and third grade, afterwards superseded by sentence comprehension. AWM significantly contributed to reading comprehension independently of reading fluency, whereas basic decoding skills disappeared after considering fluency. Students' AWM and reading comprehension predicted teacher judgements on reading fluency. Reading comprehension judgements depended both on the students' self‐concept and reading comprehension. Our results underline that the role of word reading accuracy for reading comprehension quickly diminishes during elementary school and that teachers base their assessments mainly on the current reading comprehension skill.
PECARN algorithms for minor head trauma: Risk stratification estimates from a prospective PREDICT cohort study
Authors: Bressan Silvia , Eapen Nitaa , Phillips Natalie , Gilhotra Yuri , Kochar Amit , Dalton Sarah , Cheek John A. , Furyk Jeremy , Neutze Jocelyn , Williams Amanda , Hearps Stephen , Donath Susan , Oakley Ed , Singh Sonia , Dalziel Stuart R. , Borland Meredith L. , Babl Franz E. ,   Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) head trauma clinical decision rules informed the development of algorithms that risk stratify the management of children based on their risk of clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI). We aimed to determine the rate of ciTBI for each PECARN algorithm risk group in an external cohort of patients and that of ciTBI associated with different combinations of high‐ or intermediate‐risk predictors.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of a large multicenter prospective data set, including patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 14 or 15 conducted in Australia and New Zealand. We calculated ciTBI rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each PECARN risk category and combinations of related predictor variables.ResultsOf the 15,163 included children, 4,011 (25.5%) were aged <2 years. The frequency of ciTBI was 8.5% (95% CI = 6.0%–11.6%), 0.2% (95% CI = 0.0%–0.6%), and 0.0% (95% CI = 0.0%–0.2%) in the high‐, intermediate‐, and very‐low‐risk groups, respectively, for children <2 years and 5.7% (95% CI = 4.4%–7.2%), 0.7% (95% CI = 0.5%–1.0%), and 0.0% (95% CI = 0.0%–0.1%) in older children. The isolated high‐risk predictor with the highest risk of ciTBI was “signs of palpable skull fracture” for younger children (11.4%, 95% CI = 5.3%–20.5%) and “signs of basilar skull fracture” in children ≥2 years (11.1%, 95% CI = 3.7%–24.1%). For older children in the intermediate‐risk category, the presence of all four predictors had the highest risk of ciTBI (25.0%, 95% CI = 0.6%–80.6%) followed by the combination of “severe mechanism of injury” and “severe headache” (7.7%, 95% CI = 0.2%–36.0%). The very few children <2 years at intermediate risk with ciTBI precluded further analysis.ConclusionsThe risk estimates of ciTBI for each of the PECARN algorithms risk group were consistent with the original PECARN study. The risk estimates of ciTBI within the high‐ and intermediate‐risk predictors will help further refine clinical judgment and decision making on neuroimaging.