bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can large animals direct the fate of the vast arctic soil carbon reserves – a review
Authors: Ylänne Henni , Stark Sari 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Arctic areas store vast soil carbon reserves that are highly sensitive to be released into the atmosphere due to a warming climate. Large arctic herbivores may shape this sensitivity, but owing to high spatial and temporal variation in their ecosystem effects, the conditions under which herbivores might negate soil carbon losses have remained elusive. Here, we summarize the main pathways by which ungulates may counteract unwanted climatic feedbacks of the ongoing warming. Firstly, they may counteract the climate-induced shrubification; secondly, induce ecosystem state transitions from shrub and moss dominance to grass and forb dominance; and thirdly, contribute to colder winter soil temperatures. In non-permafrost soils, these pathways feed back on climate mostly via herbivory-induced increases in albedo and, potentially, decreased sensitivity to wildfire-induced soil carbon losses. In permafrost soils, herbivores may additionally enhance soil carbon storage as the colder winter soil temperatures, induced by vegetation change and trampling-associated compaction of snow, may prevent permafrost melting under warming. The role of current large animal populations in the first pathway (i.e., counteracted shrubification) is already documented in many parts of the Arctic. Yet, the second and third pathway (i.e., ecosystem state transitions and snow-mediated permafrost feedbacks have only limited occurrence today and would require drastic increases in the number and diversity of herbivores to change arctic climate feedbacks at a larger scale, imposing a high degree of uncertainty on the feasibility of such efforts. Given the alarming trends the arctic carbon stocks are facing, a better understanding of the contribution of large herbivores to the carbon cycle is more urgent than ever before, relevant if introducing animal populations into areas with large carbon reservoirs, and crucial when evaluating the net effect of current animal populations that already counteract shrubification and the warming-induced increase in albedo in many areas.
Implementation of reflection matrix microscopy: an algorithm perspective
Authors: Kang Sungsam , Yoon Seokchan , Choi Wonshik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Over the past decade, reflection matrix microscopy (RMM) and advanced image reconstruction algorithms have emerged to address the fundamental imaging depth limitations of optical microscopy in thick biological tissues and complex media. In this study, we introduce significant advancements in reflection matrix processing algorithms, including logical indexing, power iterations, and low-frequency blocking. These enhance the processing speed of aperture synthesis, 3D image reconstruction, and aberration correction by orders of magnitude. Detailed algorithm implementations, along with experimental data, are provided to facilitate the widespread adoption of RMM in various deep-tissue imaging applications.
Botox optimization algorithm for MPPT of SPV powered BLDC motor driven water pumping system using FOPID controllers
Authors: Malla Jagan Mohana Rao , Bassi Welson , Abu Salman Md , Mondal Krishnapada , Sharma Abhishek , Kandi Bhanu Prakash , Malla Siva Ganesh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In human civilization, Water Pumping Systems (WPS) are fundamental for industrial, drinking, and agricultural applications. One of the best practical solutions for reducing grid load demand and supplying electricity in various regions is a locally installed standalone Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) - powered WPS. Generally, WPS is drawn to Brushless DC Motors (BLDCMs) among other motors because of their many benefits. However, adding battery banks to WPS can raise the maintenance needs and cost, which farmers cannot afford. This study thus explores and applies a sensorless speed control method of a BLDCM powered by SPV energy, eliminating the need for a battery. Partial Shading Conditions (PSCs) typically impair the power generated by SPV systems, and the conventional P&O mechanism fails, preventing the systems from producing maximum availability of electricity. This work integrates the Botox Optimization Algorithm (BOA) with the traditional P&O technique to address this issue. The Hybrid Botox Optimization-P&O (BOPO) method can efficiently harvest the most power from SPV under both normal and partial shade circumstances. For MPPT under PSC, the outcomes are contrasted with those of Modified Grey Wolf Optimization (MGWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Modified Invasive Weed Optimization (MIWO) algorithms. By integrating the BOPO technique with the inverter’s control method, the inverter also functions as a MPPT converter of the SPV unit, lowering system costs. Therefore, an additional DC-DC converter won’t be needed for the operation of MPPT. In order to validate the suggested system in both transient and steady state scenarios, extensive results are shown using OPAL-RT. Furthermore, this work presents hardware results based on dSPACE to validate the proposed method.
Multi-source information fusion based axial piston pump fault diagnosis method under dynamic conditions
Authors: Qiu Zhiwei , Li Wanli , Wang Daozhi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The axial piston pump is crucial power component and the most expensive component within hydraulic system. Investigating fault diagnosis method for axial piston pump holds significant engineering importance. Currently, fault diagnosis method for axial piston pump primarily rely on vibration signal, neglecting pressure signal that dynamically change with load. However, pressure signal contain rich operational state information, rendering these method ineffective in identifying faults under dynamic conditions. This paper proposes a multi-source information fusion based fault diagnosis method for axial piston pump to address the limitations of diagnosing faults solely using vibration signal under dynamically changing loads. Firstly, a pre-filtering layer based on mathematical morphology filtering algorithm is designed to filter noise from vibration and pressure signal. Subsequently, leveraging the characteristics of one-dimensional signal, two 1DCNNs are designed to extract fault features from pressure and vibration signal, integrating attention mechanism and fusion method to optimize and merge fault features. Finally, fault classification is achieved through fully connected layer and softmax layer. Compared to traditional fault diagnosis algorithms, the fusion-based fault diagnosis method utilizing vibration and pressure signal demonstrates higher accuracy and generalization. Experimental results illustrate that this method can effectively and accurately identify faults in axial piston pump under noise and various pressure conditions, providing valuable insights and enhancements to the field of axial piston pump fault diagnosis.
Classical Transformations
Authors: Kenaan Vered Lev , Rosenmeyer Patricia A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The introduction offers a historical and cultural analysis of the ways Jews, Israelis, and Palestinians have used classical antiquity and classical philology to validate their identity in a rapidly changing society. It surveys critical moments in Jewish and Palestinian existence for which the restitution and revision of classical humanism turn into a question of survival. The chapter is divided into three parts: a discussion of the diasporic receptions through the lens of the Jewish-European complex, a discussion of the Israeli and Palestinian receptions, and chapter summaries.
The Genesis of Rachel Bespaloff’s De l’Iliade
Authors: Porter James I 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter compares two essays written by the Jewish French philosophers, Simone Weil (1909–43) and Rachel Bespaloff (1895–1949), who were forced into exile by the fascists. Weil’s L’Iliade, ou la poème de la force and Bespaloff’s De l’Iliade both engaged the Judaeo-Christian traditions with early Greek traditions by drawing connections between Homer’s Iliad and the contemporary historical situation. Porter argues that Bespaloff’s thought around the question of Homer and Judaism with her reflections on Nietzsche’s concept of force had matured long before she encountered Weil’s work. He presents strong evidence that Bespaloff was developing a line of thought that she had already initiated in response to the historian Daniel Halévy.
Building a Future for Global Independent Documentary Storytelling to Survive and Thrive
Authors: Borum Caty , Conrad-Pérez David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 8, “Building a Future for Global Independent Documentary Storytelling to Survive and Thrive” presents final themes and a practical roadmap for the future of global documentary storytelling in struggles for social justice. Beyond the film stories and networks introduced in the preceding chapters, opportunities and constraints are inherent in this work. This chapter considers possibilities and challenges now and evolving into the future—informed by the stories and lessons reflected throughout the book, and meaningfully articulated by the many interviewees across the world—delineated as themes that include government surveillance afforded by digital technology, privacy and security concerns, funding and resource support for creative nonfiction storytellers and journalists and supportive civil society, grassroots engagement strategies, and more.
A cursory review of economic methods
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter surveys a range of concepts and methods applied to the study of European law throughout the book. There is a plethora of methodological angles to look at EU law including those native to public goods analysis, transaction cost theory, contract and game theory, and constitutional economics. These analytical tools are key for exploring the institutional arrangements that EU members have given themselves. They help explain why Member States bind themselves through EU law and offer insights into the peculiar enforcement design and flexibility enshrined in EU rules.
Gesture as an object of study
Authors: Gawne Lauren 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates how gesture communicates meaning using context-dependent and imagistic features that are distinct from both spoken and signed language systems. The integration of speech and gesture is seen in the alignment of gesture with phonological, semantic, and pragmatic features of language. This chapter provides an introduction to the features of the performance of a gesture, and how people use the gesture space. Finally, in order to understand how the modern approach to gesture studies emerged, this chapter provides a brief introduction to the history of the field, tracing the literature from ancient Greek writing on rhetoric, to nineteenth-century anthropology, and twentieth-century psychology and linguistics.
Metabolic connectivity has greater predictive utility for age and cognition than functional connectivity
Authors: Deery Hamish A , Liang Emma X , Moran Chris , Egan Gary F , Jamadar Sharna D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recently developed high temporal resolution functional (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (fPET) offers promise as a method for indexing the dynamic metabolic state of the brain in vivo by directly measuring a time series of metabolism at the post-synaptic neuron. This is distinct from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that reflects a combination of metabolic, haemodynamic and vascular components of neuronal activity. The value of using fPET to understand healthy brain ageing and cognition over fMRI is currently unclear. Here, we use simultaneous fPET/fMRI to compare metabolic and functional connectivity and test their predictive ability for ageing and cognition. Whole-brain fPET connectomes showed moderate topological similarities to fMRI connectomes in a cross-sectional comparison of 40 younger (mean age 27.9 years; range 20–42) and 46 older (mean 75.8; 60–89) adults. There were more age-related within- and between-network connectivity and graph metric differences in fPET than fMRI. fPET was also associated with performance in more cognitive domains than fMRI. These results suggest that ageing is associated with a reconfiguration of metabolic connectivity that differs from haemodynamic alterations. We conclude that metabolic connectivity has greater predictive utility for age and cognition than functional connectivity and that measuring glucodynamic changes has promise as a biomarker for age-related cognitive decline.
Managing long QT syndrome patients, cooking, and common sense
Authors: Schwartz Peter J , Dagradi Federica , Giovenzana Fulvio L F , Cerea Paolo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This essay stems from a controversial recommendation present in the 2022 European Guidelines which indicated the appropriateness of considering an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implant even for still asymptomatic long QT syndrome (LQTS) patients deemed to be at high risk by the 1–2–3 LQTS score based on QTc and genotype calculated prior to the institution of therapy. As 15 years ago, we also had proposed, but never used, a risk score called M-FACT to identify patients at high risk of an appropriate ICD shock, we felt the responsibility of assessing what would have happened to our patients if we had rigorously used that score. We performed a study recently published in the European Heart Journal which brought to general attention two concepts important for clinical management. One is that all LQTS patients should be seen at least once a year for a reassessment of arrhythmic risk based on standard electrocardiogram, 12-lead 24 h Holter recording and an exercise stress test. The other is that, based on these yearly visits, we perform ‘therapy optimization’ by adding to the standard β-blocker therapy either left cardiac sympathetic denervation or mexiletine or an ICD implant. On almost 1000 LQTS patients, all genotyped, this dynamic approach was accompanied by not a single death, few events, and out of 142 patients who should have received an ICD based on the score, only 22 did and only 3 had an ICD shock. These data and concepts call for a reconsideration of the recommendation made by the guidelines.
Left atrial appendage occlusion: behind the bleeding risk
Authors: Lorenzoni Giovanni , Merella Pierluigi , Casu Gavino 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in adults and is associated with an increased risk of embolic stroke. The main prevention strategy for cerebral embolic events is based on the use of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT). Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has demonstrated non-inferiority to OAT in clinical trials for prevention of stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Patients with NVAF may still suffer ischemic strokes despite receiving adequate OAT.The physiopathological substrate remains unclear and only few theories can be proposed to explain the phenomenon and the approach to secondary prevention in these ‘resistant strokes’ remains largely empirical.Several therapeutic strategies have been proposed. Among these, LAAO should be taken into consideration. The procedure requires special planning in well selected patients, but can be performed successfully in most cases.
Risk stratification in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: scoring or personalized medicine?
Authors: Martini Marika , Rigato Ilaria , Masini Marta , De Lazzari Manuel , Mattesi Giulia , Pilichou Kalliopi , Pittorru Raimondo , Migliore Federico , Bauce Barbara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Almost 40 years after the description of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), arrhythmic risk stratification remains central to patient management. Antiarrhythmic therapy may involve the use of antiarrhythmic drugs as well as invasive tools such as catheter ablation, with the implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator being of utmost importance. Given the wide phenotypic variability of ACM, the first step in arrhythmic risk stratification requires a thorough assessment of clinical, morphological, and electrical parameters. Moreover, in the last years, genetic testing has become increasingly important, not only for family screening but also in determining prognosis. Finally, data from large series of ACM patients have led to the creation of risk calculators, which are now available online for the medical community. While newly available methods for stratifying arrhythmic risk can be useful, the thoughtful clinical decision-making by clinicians with specific expertise in cardiomyopathies remains of fundamental importance. Additionally, as ACM is a progressive disease, arrhythmic risk stratification should be periodically revised based on newly emerging clinical and instrumental parameters.
Acute myocarditis: 2024 state of the art
Authors: Ammirati Enrico , Cartella Iside , Varrenti Marisa , Selimi Adelina , Sormani Paola , Garascia Andrea , Palazzini Matteo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Acute myocarditis (AM) is an inflammatory injury of the myocardium secondary to infections, systemic autoimmune disorders, medications, or toxic agents. The patient’s genetic underground is a likely concurrent aetiology/contributory mechanism recently implicated in a proportion of AM. This review focuses on some critical new concepts of AM, updated indications for endomyocardial biopsy when cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is not sufficient or feasible, and estimation of long-term events after discharge. Furthermore, studies exploring AM as the cause of sudden cardiac death will be examined to assess the characteristics of patients who die due to AM before hospital admission. Managing the most severe clinical presentation, termed fulminant myocarditis (FM) characterized by haemodynamic instability due to ventricular arrhythmias or severe acute pump failure, will be summarized. Specific issues aimed to reduce the high mortality rate of FM, like early recognition, referring these patients from spoke centres to a hub centre, timely temporary mechanical circulatory support when indicated, early endomyocardial biopsy, and eventually immunosuppression, will be briefly discussed. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and desmosomal gene variant-associated AM will be highlighted as paradigmatic new forms of myocarditis.
Myocarditis diagnosis: From light microscope to molecular analysis and cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Thiene Gaetano 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Telling story of myocarditis is characterized by discoveries and inventions. The invention of the microscope opened new avenues in medicine, with the observation of myocardial inflammation by Carl Ludwig Alfred Fiedler. Rudolph Virchow discovered that cells are the elementary units. Karl Albert Ludwig Aschoff first reported rheumatic pancarditis. Gilbert Dallford found enterovirus in the faeces of children, who died suddenly in the village of Coxsackie. Werner Forssmann entered in his own right ventricle with a urologic catheter via the left radial vein. Endomyocardial biopsy, via the femoral or jugular veins, made possible to take away myocardial samples in vivo, for diagnosis of myocarditis or cardiac rejection of transplanted heart. The invention of polymerase chain reaction by Kary Mullis allowed to achieve diagnosis of concealed infections and genetically determined cardiomyopathies. Myocarditis, a significant cause of sudden death, was found to be frequently ascribed to viruses. Cytotoxicity of Coxsackievirus B was proved to consist on released protease 2, encoded by virus genome and cleaving dystrophin. RNA (Coxsackie) and DNA (adenovirus) viruses share a common receptor. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed to be sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of myocarditis by detecting myocardial oedema. However, it is unable to establish the histotype. The onset of myocarditis may be fulminant; however, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, invented by Robert Bartlett, allows heart rest, while replacing cardiac contractility. High rates of survival have been achieved, probably because of mild myocardial damage.
The diagnostic value of electrocardiogram in the left variants of desmosomal arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Calò Leonardo , Toto Federica , Panattoni Germana , Romeo Fabiana , Fusco Armando , Stefanini Matteo , Silvetti Elisa , Martino Annamaria , Fedele Elisa , Danza Ludovica , Lanzillo Chiara , Canestrelli Stefano , Canali Emanuele , Ciampi Pellegrino , Politano Alessandro , Crescenzi Cinzia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Electrocardiogram (ECG) may play a crucial role in the diagnosis of left-sided variants of desmosomal arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies. This article discusses the most common ECG changes, such as T-wave inversion and low QRS voltages, and new ECG signs such as Q-waves, low voltages in specific leads, posterior fascicle block, and R/S ratio ≥ 0.5 in V1. In addition, ventricular arrhythmias have peculiar features in these patients. Electrocardiogram may be an early marker of this insidious cardiomyopathy and allow to avoid sudden cardiac death often in young people. Electrocardiogram abnormalities may also be indicators of disease evolution over time.
X-ray and gamma-ray timing of GRB 180720B, GRB 181222B, GRB 211211A, and GRB 220910A observed with Fermi and ASIM
Authors: Caballero-García M D , Göǧüş E , Navarro-González J , Atapin K E , Sonbas E , Uzuner M , Castro-Tirado A J , Pandey S B , Gupta Rahul , Ror A K , Hu Y -D , Wu S -Y , Sánchez-Ramirez R , Guziy S , Christiansen F , Connell P H , Neubert T , Østgaard N , Adsuara J E , Gordillo-Vázquez F J , Fernández-Garcia E , Pérez-Garcia I , Reglero V 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
We present a timing study of the gamma and X-ray observations and analysis of a sample of bright gamma-ray bursts (GRBs; i.e. GRB 180720B, GRB 181222B, GRB 211211A, and GRB 220910A), including the very bright and long GRB 211211A (a.k.a. kilonova candidate). They have been detected and observed by the Atmosphere–Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) installed on the International Space Station (ISS) and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) onboard the Fermi mission. The early (${\rm T}-{\rm T}_{0}{\approx }$ s) and high-energy (0.3–20 MeV) ASIM High Energy Detector (HED) and (150 keV–30 MeV) Fermi (BGO) light curves show well-defined peaks with a low quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequency between 2.5 and 3.5 Hz that could be identified with the spin of the neutron star (NS) in the binary mergers originating these GRBs. These QPOs consist on the first detection of low-frequency QPOs (${\le }10$ Hz) detected in magnetars so far. We also detect a strong QPO at $21.8-22$ Hz in GRB 181222B together with its (less significant) harmonics. The low-frequency QPO would correspond to the signal of the orbiting NS previous to the final coalescence giving rise to the gravitational wave (GW) signal.