bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Combustion of Premixed Propane – Air Mixtures
Authors: Abbas Alhumairi Mohammed Kh , Aldabash Nazar , Almahdawi Yasseen , Al-Jiboory Ali Khudhair 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The behaviour of a premixed propane flame in three dimensions was studied numerically and experimentally in a jet flow combustor at different equivalence ratio, Reynolds numbers and turbulent intensity. The detailed attract here has come up with data of propane -air mixtures flame propagation over a range of equivalence ratios (e) between 0.6 lean flame to 1.3 rich flame on environmental conditions of temperature and atmospheric pressure. The instantaneous flame was visualized using a high-speed camera on the domain of the burner of 100 mm diameter. From 174 to 472 images were recorded for each experimental test. Flame surface density was obtained from the instantaneous image of the flame. The influence of the flame area density in the evaluation of the flame propagation will be discussed. The study shows that the increase in turbulent intensity leads to increase the turbulent flame propagation speed subsequently increase in flame area density at a constant an equivalence ratio value. Also, it was shown that the wrinkling flame shape is the dominant characteristic leading to the increased turbulence intensity. The research results are expected to be used for developing jet flow combustor burners.
Evaluation of the Mechanical Characteristics of Hybrid Nanocomposite Materials (TiO2-SiO2- ZrO2)
Authors: Kadhim Hala M. , Al-Nassar Suha I. , Azzawi Wessam Al , Shehab Abeer A. , Mahmoud Adel K. , Demiral Murat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hybrid nanocomposite materials have opened the way for more promising applications in the areas of optics, electronics, Ionics, mechanics, energy, environment, biology and medicine. In this work hybrid nanocomposite materials were synthesized, by mechanical stirring method, using SiO2+ZrO2+TiO2 nanoparticles with different percentages (4 wt.% to 10 wt.%), as a reinforcement material. The effect of the added nanoparticles on the mechanical properties was evaluated in terms of tensile strength, impact strength and hardness. The results revealed that the hybrid nanocomposite with 4 wt.% SiO2+ZrO2+TiO2 showed maximum tensile strength, hardness, and impact resistance. Further, the best development in the mechanical properties achieved in the literature, due to the addition of different Nano fillers (TiO2, SiO2, and SiO2 +ZrO2) with different percentages (4 wt.% to 10 wt.%), were compared with the achieved results in the present work. The results showed that the addition of hybrid nanocomposite SiO2+ZrO2+TiO2 provides significant mechanical properties development compared to the other materials addition.
Effect of vertical loads on pile group response subjected to lateral cyclic loading with different configuration of piles: experimental study
Authors: Abbas Jasim M , Mahmood Aseel K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many previous studies have mainly investigated only the effect of cyclic loading on the behaviour of group pile without taking in to account the influence of axial load in the other mean (without the effect of vertical load on the behaviour on the group pile), which is represented most realistic case. In addition, due to the large number of variables in soil and piles, which make these studies not fully understood, so deep studies of the behaviour of the group pile is needed. This study aiming to knowing the effect of axial load and piles shape on the performance of piles group under cyclic loads and identifying the best configuration of piles also to study the effect of pile spacing on lateral displacement under pure and combined loading. by developing cyclic laboratory system that can test the pile of group. Aluminium pile with slenderness ratio L/D of 40 in-groups (1×2), (2×1) is used in this study. The most important results explained that the presence of vertical loads on the pile group cap according to allowable vertical load capacity and the pile shape have positive effect. Where it is reducing the lateral displacement of the head group pile a rounded of 60 %and 30% respectively.
Effect of development reinforcement strut in concrete deep beam
Authors: Ammash Haider K. , AL-Mousawi Maryam M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The effect of the development of reinforcement strut on the performance of discontinuity regions in concrete deep beams was tested through an experimental program. Four reinforced concrete deep beams with two different designs reinforcement (conventionally reinforcement and strut reinforcement) and with various amounts of web reinforcement tested to select the optimum design of deep beams. The geometry and main reinforcement were constant for all specimens. Measurements of cracking patterns, recording the strain in the axis and edges of the struts by (DIC) technique, and analyses of load-displacement at mid-span of investigated concrete deep beams. The data results indicated that the capacity of the deep beam with reinforcement strut higher than the control deep beam with traditional reinforcement and with less displacement. A control deep beam was failed by diagonal tension stresses in the struts, not present in the reinforcement strut specimens. Where the compression stresses were found in the axis of the strut.
Shear Strength of Gypseous Soil under Soaking Conditions
Authors: Zakaria W A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gypseous soil has far been considered one of the metastable soils as it experiences good strength parameters when dry, but upon indentation under goes a sadden-radical decrease in volume, or collapse potential. This will result in great distress in engineering facilities resting on it. This type of soil exists in many regions in world including Iraq, and problems associated with dealing with soil, in general, are numerous in this country. This soil, in its totality, is sandy type, as such its main dominating strength parameter is the friction angle and in special circumstances the apparent cohesion, which may exist. This research is concerned in studying the change in shear strength before and after soaking for gypseous soil. An extensive work is carried out to locate gypseous soil locations in Iraq from available site investigation reports. As such, twelve samples are brought from twelve different locations in Iraq as to be investigated. Test results reveal that there is much data scattering between the soaked and non-soaked angle of friction from one side against the collapsibility and gypsum content for the other side, and the relationship is inversely proportional. There is a decrease of 2-3 degrees in the friction angle as the soil is soaked for 24 hours. The Procter maximum dry density and the specific gravity of soil is inversely proportional to the collapse potential and the data scattering is low. The sieve analysis for the twelve soil samples are sandy in nature.
Compressive Capacity of Conventional and Under Reamed Piles in Soft Clay
Authors: Abbas H O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Under reamed pile is a well-known solution for carrying roads, light structures, walk sides, communication and electrical tower and rail. In this laboratory study, the compression conduct of conventional pile and undreamed pile with single and double bulbs models with shaft diameter of 10 mm embedded in soft clay soil layer overlaying sand soil was investigated. The sand layer with a depth of 300mm was compacted into six sub layers to relative density 70% in a steel container of a diameter 300mm in size. The depth of soft clay was 250mm and undrained shear strength (Cu) 35 kPa which compacted into five sub layers on sandy soil layer. A series of tests of model are performed on conventional and underreamed pile. Different lengths of piles are manufactured like 250mm, 290mm, 330mm, 370mm and 410mm and with bulb of a diameter 20mm. Moreover, single bulb and dual bulbs were utilized for these piles, a comparison in behaviour between underreamed pile and conventional pile (without bulb) is fulfilled. This study appeared finalize the ultimate compressive capacity of underreamed pile of single bulb is (1.9, 2.6, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.2) times greater than conventional pile while the underreamed of double bulbs is (4.1, 3.7, 4.3, 4.1 and 3.7) times greater than conventional pile for ratios of L/ D (25, 29, 33, 37 and 41) respectively. A proposed relationship used to estimate ultimate compressive capacity for conventional pile and underreamed pile with single and double bulbs when dimensions of pile are known or used to estimate dimensions of pile for specified load capacity.
Review Paper. Utilization of Low-Cost Adsorbents for the Adsorption Process of Chromium ions.
Authors: Ali Alatabe Mohammed Jaafar , Hussein Ahmed Alaa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis review is aimed at exploring the possibilities of recovering Chromium ions using several low-cost adsorbents through wastewater processing. In the past, several traditional methods were employed for removing Chromium ions. These included precipitation, evaporation, electroplating and ion exchange. However, these processes were associated with various limitations, which included the treatments to be restricted to a certain concentration of the Chromium ions. Therefore, the process of using low-cost adsorbents can be deemed as an eco-friendly one. At the moment, an enormous amount of natural materials and agricultural waste are produced, which extremely harmful to the environment. Thus, adsorption is an alternate process for removing Chromium ions. Based on the enhanced characteristics of the process of adsorption, such as cost-effectiveness, improved adsorptive properties, and increased availability, the process is definitely an economical one for removing Chromium ions. This review provides a brief appraisal of the relevant literature which exists on the low-cost adsorption for removing Chromium from polluted wastewaters. Additionally, in order to comprehend the overall adsorption process of low-cost adsorbents, this review will also explore the various existing adsorption models. These include the isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics along with the impact of various factors on the process of adsorption.
Effect of dynamic amplitude on response of single pile embedded in collapsible soil
Authors: Abd Noor Deia , Abid Awn Safa Hussain 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper includes an experiential study of the dynamic response of one pile under the dynamic load that comes from the motor placed on the cover pile called the source of vibration. This study used the effect of the dynamic movement of vibration on a single pile in collapsible soils (gypseous soil) with a gypsum content of 30%. This experiment is performed in the dry and soak state for four slenderness ratios of the pile (12, 17, 22 and 27) and the pile is inserted after preparing the soil layers in a container steel (30* 30*60) cm. The results showed that the velocity, acceleration, and displacement amplitude decreased with increasing the slenderness ratio of the pile in the dry and soaking conditions in addition to that the values of velocity, acceleration and displacement amplitude are less than in the case of soaking compared to their values in the dry state.
The Traffic Assessment of the Adjacent Arterial Streets Close to Gates of the Main Campus of the University of Mosul, Iraq
Authors: Taha M Y , Ali H H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Like many university campuses, University of Mosul Main Campus (UOMMC) a major activity center and focus of traffic generator. The UOMMC surrounded by segments of four major arterial streets that form the outer limits of the campus At segments close to the campus gates of these streets, many traffic problems and congestion conditions occur due to the significant traffic volumes and movements with high vehicles and pedestrians conflicts, frequent parking turnover, increasing passengers loading and unloading operations throughout the campus working days. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the current and future traffic congestion situation at the main campus gates and its effect on the multilane streets segments around the main campus, near its gates. The methods of data collection included site visits, personal observations, questionnaire survey, measurements, and imaging techniques. The current and future traffic operational state of these segments concerning the traffic stream characteristics or level of service is defined by three primary measures (according to HCM 2016): traffic flow rate, traffic speed, and traffic density. Finally, the study provided suggested and proper solutions for the existing and future traffic problems simulate the benefit of the campus community to provide the protection of life and property, optimum use of campus gates and, acceptable and safe traffic flow on the multilane streets around the main campus.
Structural Behavior of Hollow-core Reinforced Self-compacting Concrete Two-way Slabs
Authors: Hameed Yahyia M. , Ismael Murtada A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study presents an experimental study to investigate the structural behavior of two-way slabs of hollow-core reinforced self-compacting concrete. The experimental program involves the testing of six slabs with size dimensions (450x450x70mm). The slab specimens were divided into two groups, the first group with a hollow-core change in diameter, and the second group with a hollow-core change in number. The experimental results indicated that the increasing the diameter of the hollow core from 15 to 23 and 30 mm decreases the first crack load by 7 percent to 9.65 percent and 14.5 percent and reduces the ultimate load by 4.7 percent to 10.1 percent and 15.8 percent respectively compared with the solid slab. Increasing the diameter of the hollow core and the amount of the hollow core also makes the load-deflection less stiff and decreases ultimate deflection.
Studying the effect of hybrid fibers and silica fumes on mechanical properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Al-Mwanes Ammar Oudah , Agayari Reza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
hrough this research, the influence of different amounts of polypropylene fiber and steel fibers and with specific proportions of silica fume on the hard characters of Ultra-High-Performance Fibers Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) has been studied. Amounts quantities were being added polypropylene fibers (0.4% to 0.8% to 1.2%), and 16%steel fibers and with specific proportions of silica fume (20%, 25%, and 30%) to the of UHPC. This study indicates the possibility of preparation of UHPFRC mixes utilizing locally available materials at markets when careful selection is being to materials and can achieve a compression strength of (178.84) MPa, splitting tensile strength of (19.96) Mpa, and the flexural strengths of (24.97) MPa. The experimental results showed a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the UHPFRC which contains the combination of fibers compared to UHPC mixes without hybrid fibers. Ultra-High-Performance Fibers Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) may also be a building material with good improved mechanical and high properties use in building and construction working and can be utilized for all applications, particularly for rehabilitation works.
Evaluating the microstructure evolution and wear behavior of friction stir processed aluminum matrix surface composites with nano-sized SiC particles
Authors: Yu Xiaofeng , Wu Hua , Gong Wenbiao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this research, Al6061 matrix composites were prepared via friction stir processing (FSP) to investigate the effect of incorporation of nano-SiC particles on dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and wear behavior. The microstructure was evaluated using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Wear and microhardness testing were performed on the various samples to investigate the differentiation. The results illustrated that the percentage of subgrain boundaries diminished from 46.5% to 27.9% drastically, and the counterpart to high angle grain boundaries (HABGs) enhanced from 48.8% to 65.4% in the composite compared with FSPed Al. It was also determined that 94% grain comprised of recrystallized grains in the composite. The results also indicated that the specific wear rate had a clearly consistent relationship with the increasing microhardness. It was found that the addition of nano-SiC not only accelerated DRX, but also exerted a more significant hindering effect on the growth of recrystallized grains owing to the pinning effect and shear effect, hence, reducing the grain size. The primary wear mechanism of the base metal and FSPed Al was adhesive wear, while that of the composite was abrasive wear in the present work.
Effect of hot stamping and quenching & partitioning process on microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-high strength steel
Authors: Jing Cainian , Ye Daomin , Zhao Jingrui , Lin Tao , Wu Cong , Lei Qiteng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to better achieve the purpose of automobile lightweight, hot stamping and quenching & partitioning (HS-Q&P) process has become a hot research focus. This process includes a hot stamping followed by a controlled quenching and partitioning process. In this paper, the effect of different austenitizing temperatures and time, as well as different holding pressure and partitioning temperatures and time on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the tested steel was systematically studied. The resulting microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and the volume fraction of retained austenite and carbon concentration in austenite were measured by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that, the microstructure of HS-Q&P steel was finer and smoother than that of Q&P steel. During the pressure holding and partitioning process, the carbon atoms diffuse from martensite to austenite, thereby improving the stability of the retained austenite. Because both retained austenite and ferrite can improve the product of strength and elongation (PSE), the PSE of two phase zone austenitized HS-Q&P steel is better than that of completely austenitized HS-Q&P steel. When the austenitizing temperature was 780 °C and the pressure holding time was 90 s, the HS-Q&P steel reached the best mechanical properties. Its tensile strength was 1350 MPa, elongation was 14.24%, and PSE was 19.22 GPa%.
Effect of processing parameters on bond properties and microstructure evolution in ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM)
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Zhenqiang , Diao Mingxia , Guo Chunhuan , Wang Jiandong , Zhao Chengzhi , Jiang Fengchun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is an advanced additive manufacturing technique that utilizes ultrasonic energy to rapidly joining thin metal tapes into solid parts in a layer accumulating manner. In this study, the effects of processing parameters on the bond properties of UAM samples were investigated via peel tests, linear weld density (LWD) measurements, microhardness tests and EBSD. The results reveal that, in terms of the overall tendency, the peeling strength and LWD increase with the increasing amplitude and normal force settings. However, a parameter threshold phenomenon and two different mechanisms that affect the bond properties were also observed. Furthermore, the microstructure evolution results show that the development of the interface is closely related to the applied parameters, which can also well explain the bond property variations and the parameter threshold phenomenon.
Exploration of materials electrochemistry in rechargeable batteries using advanced in situ/operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Yan Tianran , Cheng Chen , Zhang Liang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rechargeable batteries (Li-ion batteries and beyond) have received extensive attention as powerful boosters for the development of human society. The rapid progress achieved in this research area largely relies on the in-depth efforts on the improvement of battery electrode materials and decrease of the cost. However, the application of rechargeable batteries is still hindered by low energy density, serious voltage hysteresis, and long-term degradation. Therefore, it is of great importance for understanding the underlying redox reaction and capacity fading mechanisms to circumvent these problems and improve the overall battery performance. Advanced characterization techniques, especially synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), have been widely applied to the mechanistic understanding of rechargeable batteries. Particularly, in situ/operando XAS allows the characterization of practical working mechanisms by measuring the electronic structure evolution of the electrode materials under real operation conditions, which is an imperative prerequisite for the further optimization of the battery performance. Herein, the recent progress in the understanding of the operating principles of several common rechargeable batteries (including lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and lithium–sulfur batteries) based on in situ/operando XAS technique is reviewed and summarized. We aim to provide a comprehensive treatise on in situ/operando characterization of rechargeable batteries using XAS, which could provide guidance for further improvement of battery performance.
Music in the moment
Authors: Cook Nicholas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
‘Music in the moment’ focuses on music’s existence in real time. On the printed page, music is a series of notes fixed in the same relationships for all time. But as played and heard, music is a world of ‘endless movement, not discrete “forms” but continuous “forming”’—a world of lived experience that expresses human relationships in their most essential, stripped-down form.. Improvisation plays an important role in both jazz and classical music. The relationship between knowledge and practice can be illustrated by looking at historically informed performance (HIP)Music has a fascinating ability to bring about social bonding. The political significance it acquires from this, whether in national anthems or protest songs, is worthy of study also.
Music 2.0
Authors: Cook Nicholas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
‘Music 2.0’ explains the role technology plays in all music: digital technology is simply its most recent manifestation. It is important to consider the impact on personal musical consumption of digital technology, including the development of streaming libraries and music recommendation systems, and on the development of internet communities based on digital participation; a result has been the development of a distinctive ‘digital style’, illustrated for example by internet memes. Digital technology also has had a massive impact on recent historical development of the music business.
The nature of marketing
Authors: Le Meunier-FitzHugh Kenneth 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the nature and origins of marketing. Marketing covers a wide range of essential business activities which ensure that customers can obtain the products and services that they want and need, when and how they want them. The most common applications of marketing are consumer marketing, business-to-business marketing, service marketing, not-for-profit marketing, and international marketing. Since the 1960s, marketing has used the four Ps of Price, Place, Product, and Promotion to deliver its marketing objectives and this has now been expanded to include another three Ps of People, Physical Evidence, and Process. The chapter also includes an assessment of what is customer value.