bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Facelift Complications and the Effectiveness of the SMASectomy Technique: A Single Center’s 15-Year Experience
Authors: Shauly Orr , Stone Gregory L , Shin Rebeca , Grant Stevens W , Gould Daniel J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Facelift continues to be one of the most common aesthetic procedures performed in the United States. Although there exist many techniques and variations, superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) manipulation, by way of plication, overlap, or SMASectomy, is common and has been shown to result in favorable cosmesis and durability. However, there is a lack of current complications data in the discussion of this technique.

Objectives
To assess the benefits and risks of the SMASectomy technique.

Methods
The records of all patients who underwent a facelift procedure between December 2004 and March 2019 were reviewed for this study. All procedures were performed at an American Association for Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgery Facilities (AAAASF)-accredited outpatient facility in Marina Del Rey, California. This represents data on 241 total patients. Retrospective chart review was performed to include data on patient characteristics, operative technique, and complications.

Results
Average operative time of 152.68 ± 51.50 minutes and anesthesia time of 175.00 ± 54.07 minutes were observed among those patients who underwent SMASectomy. This was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.000001) than those who did not undergo SMASectomy (average operative time of 265.25 ± 85.25 minutes and anesthesia time of 294.22 ± 85.31 minutes). There were no observed facial nerve injuries among patients who underwent SMASectomy. No deep vein thrombosis (DVT) events were observed in this patient population.

Conclusions
In the hands of an experienced surgeon, the SMASectomy facelift technique offers the unique advantage of significantly reducing operating time and anesthesia time and can provide extremely favorable and long-lasting aesthetic results.

Level of Evidence: 3
DeepAc4C: a convolutional neural network model with hybrid features composed of physicochemical patterns and distributed representation information for identification of N4-acetylcytidine in mRNA
Authors: Wang Chao , Ju Ying , Zou Quan , Lin Chen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Motivation
N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is the only acetylation modification that has been characterized in eukaryotic RNA, and is correlated with various human diseases. Laboratory identification of ac4C is complicated by factors, such as sample hydrolysis and high cost. Unfortunately, existing computational methods to identify ac4C do not achieve satisfactory performance.

Results
We developed a novel tool, DeepAc4C, which identifies ac4C using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using hybrid features composed of physicochemical patterns and a distributed representation of nucleic acids. Our results show that the proposed model achieved better and more balanced performance than existing predictors. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect that specific features had on the model predictions and their interaction effects. Several interesting sequence motifs specific to ac4C were identified.

Availability and implementation
The webserver is freely accessible at https://ac4c.webmalab.cn/, the source code and datasets are accessible at Zenodo with URL https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5138047 and Github with URL https://github.com/wangchao-malab/DeepAc4C.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effectiveness of Continuous Endotracheal Cuff Pressure Control for the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Respiratory Infections: An Open-Label Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Dat Vu Quoc , Minh Yen Lam , Thi Loan Huynh , Dinh Phu Vu , Thien Binh Nguyen , Geskus Ronald B , Khanh Trinh Dong Huu , Hoang Mai Nguyen Thi , Hoan Phu Nguyen , Huong Lan Nguyen Phu , Phuong Thuy Tran , Vu Trung Nguyen , Trung Cap Nguyen , Tuyet Trinh Dao , Thi Hoa Nguyen , Thi Thu Van Nguyen , Luan Vy Thi Thu , Quynh Nhu Tran Thi , Bao Long Hoang , Thanh Ha Nguyen Thi , Thi Thanh Van Ninh , Campbell James , Ahmadnia Ehsan , Kestelyn Evelyne , Wyncoll Duncan , Thwaites Guy E , Van Hao Nguyen , Chien Le Thanh , Van Kinh Nguyen , Vinh Chau Nguyen Van , van Doorn H Rogier , Thwaites C Louise , Nadjm Behzad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
An endotracheal tube cuff pressure between 20 and 30 cmH2O is recommended to prevent ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI). We aimed to evaluate whether continuous cuff pressure control (CPC) was associated with reduced VARI incidence compared with intermittent CPC.

Methods
We conducted a multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial in intensive care unit (ICU) patients within 24 hours of intubation in Vietnam. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either continuous CPC using an automated electronic device or intermittent CPC using a manually hand-held manometer. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of VARI, evaluated by an independent reviewer blinded to the CPC allocation.

Results
We randomized 600 patients; 597 received the intervention or control and were included in the intention to treat analysis. Compared with intermittent CPC, continuous CPC did not reduce the proportion of patients with at least one episode of VARI (74/296 [25%] vs 69/301 [23%]; odds ratio [OR] 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] .77–1.67]. There were no significant differences between continuous and intermittent CPC concerning the proportion of microbiologically confirmed VARI (OR 1.40; 95% CI .94–2.10), the proportion of intubated days without antimicrobials (relative proportion [RP] 0.99; 95% CI .87–1.12), rate of ICU discharge (cause-specific hazard ratio [HR] 0.95; 95% CI .78–1.16), cost of ICU stay (difference in transformed mean [DTM] 0.02; 95% CI −.05 to .08], cost of ICU antimicrobials (DTM 0.02; 95% CI −.25 to .28), cost of hospital stay (DTM 0.02; 95% CI −.04 to .08), and ICU mortality risk (OR 0.96; 95% CI .67–1.38).

Conclusions
Maintaining CPC through an automated electronic device did not reduce VARI incidence.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT02966392.
Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Mucormycosis: Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Disease
Authors: Narayanan Shivakumar , Chua Joel V , Baddley John W 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The severe surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on the Indian subcontinent in early 2021 was marked by an unusually high number of COVID-19–associated mucormycosis (CAM) cases reported during this same period. This is significantly higher than predicted based on available data about prevalence and risk factors for this condition. This may be due to an unusual alignment of multiple risk factors for this condition. There is high background prevalence of mucormycosis in India likely from a high prevalence of risk factors, including undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes. COVID-19–induced immune dysregulation and immune suppression from steroid therapy increase the risk. The role of environmental exposure is unclear. System factors such as lack of access to healthcare during a pandemic may result in delayed diagnosis or suboptimal management with potentially poor outcomes. Here, we review currently identified risk factors and pathogenesis of CAM in a pandemic surge.
From the entrepreneurial to the ossified economy
Authors: Naudé Wim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEntrepreneurship in advanced economies is in decline. Instead of becoming ‘entrepreneurial’, as was anticipated in the 1990s, today, these economies are better described as ossified. This paper starts by documenting the decline in entrepreneurship. It then critically discusses extant explanations for the decline. While having merit, these explanations are restricted to proximate and supply-side causes. Given these shortcomings, an additional perspective is contributed: it is argued that adverse scale effects from rising complexity, and long-run aggregate demand changes, account for the ossification of advanced economies. Implications for entrepreneurship scholarship are drawn.
Transcriptomes and DNA methylomes in apomictic cells delineate nucellar embryogenesis initiation in citrus
Authors: Jia Hui-Hui , Xu Yuan-Tao , Yin Zhao-Ping , Wu Xiao-Meng , Qing Mei , Fan Yan-Jie , Song Xin , Xie Kai-Dong , Xie Zong-Zhou , Xu Qiang , Deng Xiu-Xin , Guo Wen-Wu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Citrus nucellar poly-embryony (NPE) is a mode of sporophytic apomixis that asexual embryos formed in the seed through adventitious embryogenesis from the somatic nucellar cells. NPE allows clonal propagation of rootstocks, but it impedes citrus cross breeding. To understand the cellular processes involved in NPE initiation, we profiled the transcriptomes and DNA methylomes in laser microdissection captured citrus apomictic cells. In apomictic cells, ribosome biogenesis and protein degradation were activated, whereas auxin polar transport was repressed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in the poly-embryonic ovules, and response to oxidative stress was provoked. The global DNA methylation level, especially that of CHH context, was decreased, whereas the methylation level of the NPE-controlling key gene CitRWP was increased. A C2H2 domain-containing transcription factor gene and CitRWP co-expressed specifically in apomictic cells may coordinate to initiate NPE. The activated embryogenic development and callose deposition processes indicated embryogenic fate of nucellar embryo initial (NEI) cells. In our working model for citrus NPE initiation, DNA hyper-methylation may activate transcription of CitRWP, which increases C2H2 expression and ROS accumulation, triggers epigenetic regulation and regulates cell fate transition and NEI cell identity in the apomictic cells.
Five years of a comprehensive ST-elevation myocardial infarction protocol and its association with sex disparities
Authors: Huded Chetan P , Kumar Anirudh , Kassis Nicholas , Johnson Michael J , Kravitz Kathleen , Brown Abigail , Shanahan Marguerite , Trentanelli Karen , Reed Grant W , Menon Venu , Krishnaswamy Amar , Ellis Stephen G , Kralovic Damon M , Meldon Stephen W , Kapadia Samir R , Khot Umesh N 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine whether a comprehensive ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) protocol is associated with reduced sex disparities over 5 years.Methods and resultsThis was an observational cohort study of 1833 consecutive STEMI patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) before (1 January 2011–14 July 2014, control group) and after (15 July 2014–15 July 2019, protocol group) implementation of a protocol for early guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), rapid door to balloon time (D2BT), and use of trans-radial PCI. In the control group, females had less GDMT (77.1% vs. 68.1%, P = 0.03), similarly low trans-radial PCI (19.0% vs. 17.6%, P = 0.73), and longer D2BT [104 min (79, 133) vs. 112 min (85, 147), P = 0.02] corresponding to higher in-hospital mortality [4.5% vs. 10.3%, odds ratio (OR) 2.44 (1.34–4.46), P = 0.004], major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events [MACCE, 9.8% vs. 16.3%, OR 1.79 (1.14–2.84), P = 0.01], and net adverse clinical events [NACE, 16.1% vs. 28.3%, OR 2.06 (1.42–2.99), P &lt; 0.001]. In the protocol group, no significant sex differences were observed in GDMT (87.2% vs. 86.4%, P = 0.81) or D2BT [85 min (64–106) vs. 89 min (65–111), P = 0.06], but trans-radial PCI was used less in females (77.6% vs. 71.2%, P = 0.03). In-hospital mortality [2.5% vs. 4.4%, OR 1.78 (0.91–3.51), P = 0.09] and MACCE [9.0% vs. 11.1%, OR 1.27 (0.83–1.92), P = 0.26] were similar between sexes, but higher NACE in females approached significance [14.8% vs. 19.4%, OR 1.38 (0.99–1.92), P = 0.05] due to higher bleeding risk [7.2% vs. 11.1%, OR 1.60 (1.04–2.46), P = 0.03].ConclusionsA comprehensive STEMI protocol was associated with sustained reductions for in-hospital ischaemic outcomes over 5 years, but higher bleeding rates in females persisted.
The Efficiency Costs of Dividend Taxation with Managerial Firms*
Authors: Koethenbuerger Marko , Stimmelmayr Michael E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper provides a positive and efficiency analysis of dividend taxation in a corporate agency model with a costly managerial effort. Unlike existing (agency) models, this model is consistent with empirical work in corporate finance and able to predict empirically observed investment responses to dividend taxation. In addition, we show that investment changes are not sufficient to infer, first, the efficiency cost of dividend taxation and, second, the financing regime underlying firms’ investments. We provide a testable implication that allows to empirically uncover the source of investment finance by comparing investment responses to dividend taxes and managerial incentive pay.
Eukaryotic rather than prokaryotic microbiomes change over seasons in rewetted fen peatlands
Authors: Wang Haitao , Weil Micha , Dumack Kenneth , Zak Dominik , Münch Diana , Günther Anke , Jurasinski Gerald , Blume-Werry Gesche , Kreyling Jürgen , Urich Tim 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
In the last decades, rewetting of drained peatlands is on the rise worldwide, to restore their significant carbon sink function. Despite the increasing understanding of peat microbiomes, little is known about the seasonal dynamics and network interactions of the microbial communities in these ecosystems, especially in rewetted fens (groundwater-fed peatlands). Here, we investigated the seasonal dynamics in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiomes in three common fen types in Northern Germany. The eukaryotic microbiomes, including fungi, protists and microbial metazoa, showed significant changes in their community structures across the seasons in contrast to largely unaffected prokaryotic microbiomes. Furthermore, our results proved that the dynamics in eukaryotic microbiomes in the rewetted sites differed between fen types, specifically in terms of saprotrophs, arbuscular mycorrhiza and grazers of bacteria. The co-occurrence networks also exhibited strong seasonal dynamics that differed between rewetted and drained sites, and the correlations involving protists and prokaryotes were the major contributors to these dynamics. Our study provides the insight that microbial eukaryotes mainly define the seasonal dynamics of microbiomes in rewetted fen peatlands. Accordingly, future research should unravel the importance of eukaryotes for biogeochemical processes, especially the under-characterized protists and metazoa, in these poorly understood ecosystems.
Air-dispersed aquatic microorganisms show establishment and growth preferences in different freshwater colonisation habitats
Authors: Genitsaris Savvas , Stefanidou Natassa , Beeri-Shlevin Yaron , Viner-Mozzini Yehudit , Moustaka-Gouni Maria , Ninio Shira , Sukenik Assaf 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We attempted to mimic aeolian ecosystems to examine how filters posed by regional characteristics can influence the establishment and growth of airborne microcolonisers of a common air source. Using a natural single source of aerosols we applied a combined microscopy and high-throughput sequencing approach to examine the diversity, settling and growth potential of air-dispersed microbes in water containers representing newly formed aquatic colonisation habitats of different trophic states and salinity. Heterotrophic microeukaryotes were favoured as initial settlers when nutrients were low, while autotrophs rapidly proliferated in the high-nutrient containers, possibly due to favourable germinating conditions for their preferred mode of dispersal with resting spores. Following settling of colonisers, we investigated two contrasting hypotheses: if the different water colonisation habitats harboured the same microbial communities after establishment and growth periods, this would point towards a selection of best-fit cosmopolitan colonisers, regardless of habitat-specific characteristics. Alternatively, community dissimilarities after the growth period would suggest a selection of settlers due to bottom-up controls combined with priority effects. Both analyses suggested that the structure of the microbial communities in the different colonisation habitats were driven by nutrient content and salinity, showing clustering to similar bottom-up forces and dissimilarities in significantly different colonisation habitats.
The Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) profile of Phytophthora agathidicida and its potential use as diagnostic tool
Authors: Lacey Randy F , Sullivan-Hill Blake A , Deslippe Julie R , Keyzers Robert A , Gerth Monica L 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Phytophthora diseases cause devastation to crops and native ecosystems worldwide. In New Zealand, Phytophthora agathidicida is threatening the survival of kauri, an endemic, culturally and ecologically important tree species. The current method for detecting P. agathidicida is a soil bating assay that is time-consuming and requires high levels of expertise to assess, thus limiting the analytical sample throughput. Here, we characterized the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile of P. agathidicida. We also compared it with the FAME profile of P. cinnamomi and assessed the efficacy of FAME analysis as a diagnostic tool for detecting the pathogen in soil samples. In FAME analysis, the total fatty acid content is isolated from a sample and converted to FAMEs for analysis, a process that takes less than a day. Unique fatty acid acyl chains can serve as biomarkers for specific organisms. We detected 12 fatty acids in P. agathidicida, two of which (20:4ω6 and 20:5ω3) show promise as potential Phytophthora specific biomarkers. Collectively, these findings advance our fundamental understanding of P. agathidicida biology and provide a promising technique to increase the rate of sample processing and the speed of pathogen detection for P. agathidicida in soil.
Broadening Participation: 21st Century Opportunities for Amateurs in Biology Research
Authors: de Lange Orlando , Youngflesh Casey , Ibarra Ana , Perez Rolando , Kaplan Matias 
Published: August 2021

SynopsisThe modern field of biology has its roots in the curiosity and skill of amateur researchers and has never been purely the domain of professionals. Today, professionals and amateurs contribute to biology research, working both together and independently. Well-targeted and holistic investment in amateur biology research could bring a range of benefits that, in addition to positive societal benefits, may help to address the considerable challenges facing our planet in the 21st century. We highlight how recent advances in amateur biology have been facilitated by innovations in digital infrastructure as well as the development of community biology laboratories, launched over the last decade, and we provide recommendations for how individuals can support the integration of amateurs into biology research. The benefits of investment in amateur biology research could be many-fold, however, without a clear consideration of equity, efforts to promote amateur biology could exacerbate structural inequalities around access to and benefits from STEM. The future of the field of biology relies on integrating a diversity of perspectives and approaches—amateur biology researchers have an important role to play.
Stability and Instability of Traveling Wave Solutions to Nonlinear Wave Equations
Authors: Anderson John , Zbarsky Samuel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the stability and instability of plane wave solutions to semilinear systems of wave equations satisfying the null condition. We identify a condition that allows us to prove the global nonlinear asymptotic stability of the plane wave. The proof of global stability requires us to analyze the geometry of the interaction between the background plane wave and the perturbation. When this condition is not met, we are able to prove linear instability assuming an additional genericity condition. The linear instability is shown using a geometric optics ansatz.
Sex Differences in Influenza: The Challenge Study Experience
Authors: Giurgea Luca T , Cervantes-Medina Adriana , Walters Kathie-Anne , Scherler Kelsey , Han Alison , Czajkowski Lindsay M , Baus Holly Ann , Hunsberger Sally , Klein Sabra L , Kash John C , Taubenberger Jeffery K , Memoli Matthew J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Preclinical animal studies and retrospective human studies suggest that adult females have worse outcomes from influenza than males. Prospective studies in humans are missing.

Methods
Data from 164 healthy volunteers who underwent influenza A/California/04/2009/H1N1 challenge were compiled to compare differences between sexes. Baseline characteristics, including hormone levels, hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers, neuraminidase inhibition (NAI) titers, and outcomes after challenge were compared. Linear and logistic regression models were built to determine significant predictor variables with respect to outcomes of interest.

Results
HAI titers were similar between the sexes, but NAI titers were higher in males than females at 4 weeks and 8 weeks postchallenge. Females were more likely to have symptoms (mean, 0.96 vs 0.80; P = .003) and to have a higher number of symptoms (median, 3 vs 4; P = .011) than males. Linear and logistic regression models showed that prechallenge NAI titers, but not HAI titers or sex hormone levels, were predictive of all shedding and symptom outcomes of interest.

Conclusions
Females in our cohorts were more likely to be symptomatic and to have a higher number of symptoms than males. NAI titers predicted all outcomes of interest and may explain differential outcomes between the sexes.
Peacebuilding with “Chinese Characteristics”? Insights from China's Engagement in Myanmar's Peace Process
Authors: Adhikari Monalisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe unpreceded rise of China, amid the decline of the Western-led liberal world order, has brought questions about how China will engage with the various manifestations of that world order, including human rights, trade, and global peace and security regimes. Through the empirical example of Chinese engagement in Myanmar, this article offers an inductive analysis of China's engagement in the field of “peacebuilding”: a prominent manifestation of the liberal world order in post-conflict states. In doing so, the article first argues that China speaks a distinct vernacular of peace, which is characterized by five core features: a focus on stability, prioritisation of development, conditional adherence to state-centricity, prioritization of regional actors in the making of peace, and an aversion to templates and policies for engaging in peace processes. Secondly, the article also highlights that in deploying these features, Chinese engagement in conflict management in Myanmar not only generates tensions between the various features, but is also seen to overlook local needs, bolster elite control of the state, discount the political context of peace processes, and indeed fluctuate in accordance with Chinese strategic and economic interests: all issues that resonate with the dominant critique of liberal peacebuilding projects. In proffering these arguments, the article cautions that as the Chinese approach to peacebuilding matures and strengthens, the ironing out of these contradictions is likely to be challenging.