bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Risk Perception in Patients Considering Natalizumab for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Berkovich Regina , Eskenazi Jonathan , Yakupova Aida , Riddle Evan Lawrence 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) remains a concern when considering natalizumab for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. Extensive research has identified factors that increase PML risk, and it is important that providers and patients accurately understand risk to make appropriate benefit-risk decisions.

Methods:
One hundred adult US patient-candidates for natalizumab therapy were questioned about their PML risk perception, the maximum PML risk they deemed acceptable, and sources of information used to understand risk. Differences in group distributions were compared.

Results:
Patients estimated their potential PML risk from 0.1% to 87% (mean, 31.5%). Maximum PML risk deemed acceptable ranged from 0.1% to 45% (mean, 14.5%). Actual risk (mean, 0.01%), based on published risk estimates, was calculated as a function of time receiving therapy, anti–John Cunningham virus antibody index, and previous use of immunosuppressants. The sexes perceived their risks similarly and had similar risk acceptance. Patient perception of PML risk increased with age, whereas willingness to accept risk remained similar among all ages. Higher levels of education correlated with more accurate risk perception and lower risk tolerance. Neither risk perception nor tolerance was correlated with disability level. Sixty-three percent of patients indicated that their primary/referring physician’s concern level regarding potential risk of PML during the benefit-risk discussion was their main source of information about risk.

Conclusions:
Patients with MS substantially overestimated their PML risk, often by three orders of magnitude. Patients with MS could benefit from accurate risk education, and providers could play an essential role in presenting PML risk information in a manner understandable to each individual patient.
Bending and low‐frequency vortex shedding of flexible cylinders in laminar shear flow
Authors: Derksen Jos J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSimulations of the interaction between flexible cylinders attached to a solid surface and a laminar shear flow have been performed. The flow simulations fully resolve the geometrical details and are based on the lattice‐Boltzmann method. An immersed boundary method is used to impose the no‐slip conditions at the cylinder surfaces and to determine the distribution of hydrodynamic forces over the cylinder. The latter are responsible for the bending deformation of the cylinders. We first study simple shear systems under steady conditions for which experimental data are available that we use for validation. We then study flexible cylinders in Poiseuille flow that exhibit vortex shedding and demonstrate that the flexibility of the cylinders has a pronounced effect on the temporal behavior of the flow system.
Endoscopic balloon dilation for gastrojejunal anastomotic stricture after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass: A case series
Authors: Chen Wen‐Hsu , Chen I‐Sung , Chen Tzu‐Haw , Hsu Ming‐Hung , Tsai Ying‐Nan , Tai Chi‐Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRoux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective bariatric procedure but is encountered with gastrojejunal (GJ) anastomotic stricture as a major complication. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and complications of endoscopic balloon dilation in the management of GJ anastomotic stricture after RYGB. Patients who underwent balloon dilation for GJ anastomotic stricture secondary to RYGB between March 2009 and April 2013 in E‐Da hospital were reviewed retrospectively. A smaller balloon size (8 mm) was routinely chosen initially and the balloon size was increased gradually. Dilation was stopped if the patients felt abdominal pain or up to 15 mm in size. Thirteen patients (nine men and four women) with a median age of 26 years (range 20‐42 years) and a median body mass index of 41.5 kg/m2 (range 35.3‐65.4 kg/m2) were enrolled. Anastomotic size ranged from 1 to 4 mm. The median interval between surgery and the first dilation was 43 days (range 20‐112 days). Nine patients (69.2%) required only one dilation, three (23.1%) required two dilations, and one (7.7%) required three dilations. Seven patients (53.8%) had anastomotic ulcers. Two patients had perforation and were treated conservatively. Twelve patients (92.3%) were successfully treated by balloon dilation. One patient was found to have a total obstruction 4 months after the first dilation and underwent operation. This study suggests that endoscopic balloon dilation is effective in the management of GJ anastomotic stricture after RYGB and most of the patients responded to one dilation session. Although perforation occurred, it can be treated conservatively in our case series.
Surface engineering of biomaterials in orthopedic and dental implants: Strategies to improve osteointegration, bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities
Authors: Liu Ziqian , Liu Xiaoling , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe success of biomedical implants in orthopedic and dental applications is usually limited due to insufficient bone‐implant integration, and implant‐related infections. Biointerfaces are critical in regulating their interactions and the desirable performance of biomaterials in biological environment. Surface engineering has been widely studied to realize better control of the interface interaction to further enhance the desired behavior of biomaterials.Purpose and ScopeThis review aims to investigate surface coating strategies in hard tissue applications to address insufficient osteointegration and implant‐related infection problems.SummaryWe first focused on surface coatings to enhance the osteointegration and biocompatibility of implants by emphasizing calcium phosphate‐related, nanoscale TiO2‐related, bioactive tantalum‐based and biomolecules incorporated coatings. Different coating strategies such as plasma spraying, biomimetic deposition, electrochemical anodization and LENS are discussed. We then discussed techniques to construct anti‐adhesive and bactericidal surface while emphasizing multifunctional surface coating techniques that combine potential osteointegration and antibacterial activities. The effects of nanotopography via TiO2 coatings on antibacterial performance are interesting and included. A smart bacteria‐responsive titanium dioxide nanotubes coating is also attractive and elaborated.ConclusionDeveloping multifunctional surface coatings combining osteogenesis and antimicrobial activity is the current trend. Surface engineering methods are usually combined to obtain hierarchical multiscale surface structures with better biofunctionalization outcomes.
Synthetic logic circuits using RNA aptamer against T7 RNA polymerase
Authors: Kim Jongmin , Quijano Juan F. , Kim Jeongwon , Yeung Enoch , Murray Richard M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent advances in nucleic acids engineering introduced several RNA‐based regulatory components for synthetic gene circuits, expanding the toolsets to engineer organisms. In this work, we designed genetic circuits implementing an RNA aptamer previously described to have the capability of binding to the T7 RNA polymerase and inhibiting its activity in vitro. We first demonstrated the utility of the RNA aptamer in combination with programmable synthetic transcription networks in vitro. As a step to quickly assess the feasibility of aptamer functions in vivo, we tested the aptamer and its sequence variants in the cell‐free expression system, verifying the aptamer functionality in the cell‐free testbed. The expression of aptamer in E. coli demonstrated control over GFP expression driven by T7 RNA polymerase, indicating its ability to serve as building blocks for logic circuits and transcriptional cascades. This work elucidates the potential of T7 RNA polymerase aptamer as regulators for synthetic biological circuits and metabolic engineering.
Social Worker and Midwife Decision Making Regarding Child Protection Risk and the Unborn Baby: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mc Elhinney Helena , Sinclair Marlene , Taylor Brian 
Published: April 2021

A newborn baby is vulnerable to abuse and neglect, and the professional role may involve assessment before the baby is born. The aim of this paper is to explore the perspectives and experiences of midwives and child protection social workers regarding the protection of unborn babies within Northern Ireland. Data were gathered using four focus groups (14 midwives and 16 child protection social workers) within one Health and Social Care Trust. The data were analysed in terms of understanding risk factors and forming a professional judgement. The mental wellbeing of the pregnant woman, drug use, alcohol use, domestic violence, the pregnant woman's childhood experiences, gestation period and antenatal care attendance were the main risks identified. Observations, engaging with the pregnant woman and using ‘soft intelligence’ were key aspects in forming a professional judgement. The appraisal of the ability of the pregnant woman to recognise danger was an important moderating factor, and perhaps formed part of a professional judgement heuristic to assist in making sense of wide‐ranging information about diverse risks.‘Explore[s] the perspectives and experiences of midwives and child protection social workers regarding the protection of unborn babies within Northern Ireland’Key Practitioner Messages

Identified risk factors included mental wellbeing, age, feelings about the pregnancy, drug and alcohol use, domestic violence, the pregnant woman's childhood experiences, gestation period and antenatal care attendance.
Pregnant women were unable to recognise the dangers in misusing illegal or prescription drugs, excessive alcohol consumption and initiating/maintaining relationships with sex offenders.
Key skills in forming a professional judgement involved engagement with the pregnant woman, professionals' experience and observations, and the use of ‘soft intelligence’.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in a child, that’s why soft tissue lesions are not always innocent in children
Authors: Kambouri Katerina , Chatzipantelis Paschalis , Foutzitzi Soultana , Dimitriadou Chrysavgi , Aggelidou Maria , Giatromanolaki Alexandra , Deftereos Savas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPediatric soft tissue tumors should be always operated and sent for a biopsy.
Many‐objective evolutionary computation based on adaptive hypersphere dynamic angle vector dominance
Authors: Yu Weiwei , Zhang Li 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn real‐world, more and more MaOP (MaOPs) have emerged, which pose great challenge for traditional multi‐objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). In this paper, a many‐objective evolutionary computation based on adaptive hypersphere dynamic angle vector dominance (AHDAVD‐MOEA) is proposed. The AHDAVD‐MOEA has three remarkable characteristics: (1) Based on the angle domination, a dynamic angle vector dominance relationship is proposed. In the evolution process, DAVD can dynamically adjust the population target space coordinate system according to the distribution of each generation of population in the target space, and at the same time calculate the angle vector of individuals to compare the dominance relations. Therefore, DAVD can dynamically describe the convergence and diversity of population, so as to achieve the goal of balancing the convergence and diversity of many target population. (2) Based on DAVD, an adaptive hypersphere dynamic angle vector dominance (AHDAVD) is proposed. After the DAVD process, AHDAVD adds an adaptive radiusRto all dimensions of each non‐dominated solution to form a hypersphere to expand the dominance range of individuals. The dominance relationship among individuals is judged by the dominance range of the extended solution individuals, which further enhances the convergence of the population. (3) Based on the simplified harmonic normalized distance method, a simplified harmonic normalized distance method (SHNDM‐Lp) based onLp‐norm (Wherepis set to 1/M, andMis the target number) is proposed. SHNDM‐Lpuses Euclidean distance to measure the distance between individuals in many space, and uses fractional normal form to evaluate the proximity distance of solution individuals in many target space more effectively. The validity of the adaptive hypersphere dynamic angle vector dominance and the AHDAVD‐MOEA are tested by DTLZ and WFG series of 5‐, 8‐ and 10‐targets. The experimental results show that: (1) Compared with AD and other representative improved dominance relations, the adaptive hypersphere dynamic angle vector dominance relationship has significantly better performance; (2) Compared with other five classical many‐objective evolutionary algorithms, AHDAVD‐MOEA has obvious advantages in population convergence and diversity. Overall, the proposed AHDAVD‐MOEA is a promising optimizer in many‐objective optimization.
Hybrid grass bee optimization‐multikernal extreme learning classifier: Multimodular fusion strategy and optimal feature selection for multimodal sentiment analysis in social media videos
Authors: Alqahtani Abdullah Saleh , Pandiaraj Saravanan , Murali Maheswari , Alshmrany Sami , Alsarrayrih Haytham 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPresently, large recordings like audio and video are uploaded each day on the public networks particularly Facebook, YouTube, etc. Such postings generate unlimited data via the Internet. Over the next few decades adapting and dealing with data mining to obtain relevant details from social media is considered as a difficult task. To tackle these challenges, a novel text‐audio‐video consistency‐driven multimodal sentiment analysis method is proposed in this paper. This proposed system examines the correlation among the text, audio and video followed by multimodal sentiment analysis. A different set of features are extracted and then the extracted features are chosen optimally by employing a new hybrid grass bee optimization algorithm (HGBEE) thus obtaining a feature set containing an optimal value for better precision and low computational time. Then an utterance level multimodular fusion regarding text, audio, and video features is developed. Finally, the proposed multikernal extreme learning classifier (MKELM) is employed for sentiment classification. Then the proposed system is evaluated by testing with three multimodal datasets in terms of precision, accuracy, recall, and F‐measure, respectively. From the simulation, it is clear that the proposed system accomplishes the maximum classification accuracy value of 98.3% with minimum computation time. The implementation of our proposed approach is done under the MATLAB platform.
The insular herpetofauna of Mexico: Composition, conservation, and biogeographic patterns
Authors: Pliego‐Sánchez Juan Valentín , Blair Christopher , Díaz de la Vega‐Pérez Aníbal H. , Jiménez‐Arcos Víctor H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe compile a Mexican insular herpetofaunal checklist to estimate endemism, conservation status, island threats, net taxonomic turnover among six biogeographic provinces belonging to the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, and the relationships between island area and mainland distance versus species richness. We compile a checklist of insular herpetofaunal through performing a literature and collection review. We define the conservation status according to conservation Mexican law, the Red List of International Union for Conservation of Nature, and Environmental Vulnerability Scores. We determine threat percentages on islands according to the 11 major classes of threats to biodiversity. We estimate the net taxonomic turnover with beta diversity analysis between the Nearctic and Neotropical provinces. The Mexican insular herpetofauna is composed of 18 amphibian species, 204 species with 101 subspecies of reptiles, and 263 taxa in total. Endemism levels are 11.76% in amphibians, 53.57% in reptiles, and 27.91% being insular endemic taxa. Two conservation status systems classify the species at high extinction risk, while the remaining system suggests less concern. However, all systems indicate species lacking assessment. Human activities and exotic alien species are present on 60% of 131 islands. The taxonomic turnover value is high (0.89), with a clear herpetofaunal differentiation between the two biogeographic regions. The species–area and species–mainland distance relationships are positive. Insular herpetofauna faces a high percentage of threats, with the Neotropical provinces more heavily impacted. It is urgent to explore the remaining islands (3,079 islands) and better incorporate insular populations and species in ecological, evolutionary, and systematic studies. In the face of the biodiversity crisis, islands will play a leading role as a model to apply restoration and conservation strategies.
Solutions proposed for socio‐environmental conflicts and concerning multiple‐use hydroelectric reservoirs in Brazil
Authors: Siqueira Fernanda B. , dos Santos Marco Aurélio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydropower reservoirs designed and/or operated to provide multiple services beyond power generation are called multiple‐use reservoirs. However, their construction has social and environmental impacts that require technical knowledge, social discussion, and acceptance by the public. The present paper analyzes the roles of the strategic environmental assessment and the hydroelectric inventory studies, as well as proposes alternatives for water distribution. The purpose of this study is to focus on the initial phases of hydropower planning, with the aid of the SHARE concept, in order to avoid future conflicts in the use of water resources. Although the instruments analyzed provide for the participation of different sectors, there is still little integration and alignment with sectoral policies (electrical and environmental) or there is no institutionalization of them, which makes this an urgent problem. The diagnosis resulting from this study is that the situation of multiple‐uses reservoirs in Brazil still deserves significant advances. As a proposal for improving the framework, this study claims that the use of integrated planning between sectors that use water resources should be improved by applying new concepts of integrated planning, such as the SHARE concept.
Treatment With Zoledronate Subsequent to Denosumab in Osteoporosis: A 2-Year Randomized Study
Authors: Sølling Anne Sophie , Harsløf Torben , Langdahl Bente 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Increased bone turnover and rapid bone loss follow discontinuation of denosumab. We investigated the long-term efficacy of zoledronate (ZOL) in maintaining bone mineral density (BMD) after discontinuation of denosumab. In this randomized, open-label, interventional study, we included 61 postmenopausal women and men older than 50 years discontinuing denosumab after 4.6 ± 1.6 years. We administered ZOL 6 months (6 M) or 9 months (9 M) after the last denosumab or when bone turnover had increased (observation group [OBS]). ZOL was readministrated if p-cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide (p-CTX) increased ≥1.26 μg/L or BMD decreased ≥5%. The results after 12 months have previously been published; here we report the outcome after 24 months (ClinicalTrials NCT03087851). Fifty-eight patients completed the study. From 12 to 24 months after the initial ZOL, lumbar spine (LS) BMD was maintained: 0.9 ± 0.9%, 0.4 ± 0.8%, and 0.3 ± 0.7% in the 6 M, 9 M, and OBS groups, respectively (p &gt; .05, no between-group differences). Similarly, total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) BMD did not change in any group during year 2. From baseline to 24 months after ZOL, LS BMD decreased by 4.0 ± 0.8%, 4.1 ± 0.8%, and 4.3 ± 1.5% in the 6 M, 9 M, and OBS groups, respectively (p &lt; .001, no between-group differences). Significant bone loss (LS, TH, or FN) was found in all groups 24 months after ZOL: 6 M group: n = 12 (60%), 9 M group: n = 7 (37%), and OBS group: n = 10 (53%). P-CTX did not change significantly during the second year (p &gt; .05, no between-group differences). No patient fulfilled the CTX or fracture criteria for retreatment during year 2; however, 9 patients were retreated at M24 due to BMD loss ≥5%. Two patients sustained a non-vertebral fracture during year 2. Treatment with ZOL subsequent to long-term denosumab did not fully prevent increased bone turnover and bone loss during the first year; however, CTX remained with the reference range and BMD was maintained during the second year. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A combination of ssGSEA and mass cytometry identifies immune microenvironment in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Wang Xi , Pan Lixin , Lu Qinchen , Huang Haoxuan , Feng Chao , Tao Yuting , Li Zhijian , Hu Jiaxin , Lai Zhiyong , Wang Qiuyan , Tang Zhong , Xie Yuanliang , Li Tianyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMuscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical courses and responses to treatment. To improve the prognosis of patients, it is necessary to understand such heterogeneity.MethodsWe used single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis to classify 35 MIBC cases into immunity‐high and immunity‐low groups. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to compare the differences between these groups. Eventually, single‐cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) was used to compare the characteristics of the immune microenvironment between the patients in the two groups.ResultsCompared with patients in the immunity‐low group, patients in the immunity‐high group had a higher number of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells and greater enrichment of gene sets associated with antitumor immune activity. Furthermore, positive immune response‐related pathways were more enriched in the immunity‐high group. We identified 26 immune cell subsets, including cytotoxic T cells (Tcs), helper T cells (Ths), regulatory T cells (Tregs), B cells, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) using CyTOF. Furthermore, there was a higher proportion of CD45+ lymphocytes and enrichment of one Tc subset in the immunity‐high group. Additionally, M2 macrophages were highly enriched in the immunity‐low group. Finally, there was higher expression of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 on Tregs as well as a higher proportion of PD‐1+ Tregs in the immunity‐low group than in the immunity‐high group.ConclusionIn summary, the immune microenvironments of the immunity‐high and immunity‐low groups of patients with MIBC are heterogeneous. Specifically, immune suppression was observed in the immune microenvironment of the patients in the immunity‐low group.
Persistent bilateral breast pain treated with traditional Kampo medicine
Authors: Iwata Kentaro , Nishimoto Takashi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA 45‐year‐old woman presented with persistent bilateral breast and axillary pain lasting for more than 3 months. Lengthy work‐up failed to identify the etiology. Physical examination was entirely normal, including breast examination. A traditional Kampo medicine, Goshaku‐san, was tried, and the symptoms began to improve gradually. This case is characterized by persistent regional pain syndrome mainly on her breast yet not accompanied by other symptoms, and we would like to propose the current case as a novel unique disease entity. We also discuss the potential benefit of Kampo medicine for the symptoms.
Balanced supersaturation for some degenerate hypergraphs
Authors: Corsten Jan , Tran Tuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA classical theorem of Simonovits from the 1980s asserts that every graph satisfying must contain copies of . Recently, Morris and Saxton established a balanced version of Simonovits' theorem, showing that such has copies of , which are “uniformly distributed” over the edges of . Moreover, they used this result to obtain a sharp bound on the number of ‐free graphs via the method of hypergraph containers. In this article, we generalise Morris–Saxton's results for even cycles to ‐graphs. We also prove analogous results for complete ‐partite ‐graphs.