bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical issues of diagnostics, examination and treatment of patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia in different countries and continents
Authors: Salukhov V. V. , Kharitonov M. A. , Kryukov E. V. , Stepanova T. V. , Nikolaev A. V. , Rudakov Yu. V. , Bogomolov A. B. , Chugunov A. A. 
Published: January 2021

The lack of effective etiotropic methods of treatment and prevention of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which caused the pandemic in 2020, determines the relevance of the review of researches of medicines for etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy. Most patients are diagnosed with pneumonia, the disease is especially difficult in people with concomitant chronic diseases, since COVID-19 leads to their decompensation, which can lead to death. To assess risk factors for mortality, scientists are developing programs to transfer the patient to appropriate treatment in a timely manner. This article analyzes the clinical efficacy of various agents for etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment of a new coronavirus infection based on data from international researches. Etiotropic medicines used at the beginning of the pandemic did not show their effectiveness in reducing the duration of treatment, the development of death, and preventing the transition to the use of mechanical ventilation. There are described researches of vaccines against a new coronavirus infection, developed in the Russian Federation, the USA, Germany and the UK, which showed the greatest efficiency (more than 90%) in preventing COVID-19. The World Health Organization initiated the international clinical research SOLIDARITY, according to which all medicines participating in the trials have little or no effect on overall mortality, the onset of ventilation requirements and the length of hospital stay in hospitalized patients. Now, only systemic glucocorticosteroids have proven effective against severe and critical forms of COVID-19. Thus, effective etiotropic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 have not been developing, however, an active search for these funds and the development of vaccines to prevent the incidence of coronavirus infection are underway.
Neural Correlates of Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and EEG Studies
Authors: Attademo Luigi , Bernardini Francesco , Verdolini Norma 
Published: January 2021

Background: :Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is a cluster A personality disorder affecting 1.0% of the general population, characterised by disturbances in cognition and reality testing dimensions, affected regulation, and interpersonal function. SPD shares similar but attenuated phenomenological, genetic, and neurobiological abnormalities with schizophrenia (SCZ) and is described as part of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Objective:The aim of this work was to identify major neural correlates of SPD.Methods:This is a systematic review conducted according to PRISMA statement. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO - International prospective register of systematic reviews. The review was performed to summarise the most comprehensive and updated evidence on functional neuroimaging and neurophysiology findings obtained through different techniques (DW- MRI, DTI, PET, SPECT, fMRI, MRS, EEG) in individuals with SPD.Results:Of the 52 studies included in this review, 9 were on DW-MRI and DTI, 11 were on PET and SPECT, 11 were on fMRI and MRS, and 21 were on EEG. It was complex to synthesise all the functional abnormalities found in a single, unified, pathogenetic pathway, but a common theme emerged: the dysfunction of brain circuits including striatal, frontal, temporal, limbic regions (and their networks) together with a dysregulation along the dopaminergic pathways.Conclusion:Brain abnormalities in SPD are similar, but less marked, than those found in SCZ. Furthermore, different patterns of functional abnormalities in SPD and SCZ have been found, confirming the previous literature on the ‘presence’ of possible compensatory factors, protecting individuals with SPD from frank psychosis and providing diagnostic specificity.
Part-of-Speech Tagging for Arabic Text using Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Al-Taani Ahmad T. , ALkhazaaleh Fadi A. 
Published: January 2021

Background:Part of Speech (POS) Tagging is a process of defining the suitable part of speech for each word in the given context such as defining if a word is a verb, a noun or a particle. POS tagging is an important preprocessing step in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as question answering, text summarization, and information retrieval.Objective:The performance of NLP applications depends on the accuracy of POS taggers since assigning right tags for the words in a sentence enables the application to work properly after tagging. Many approaches have been proposed for the Arabic language, but more investigations are needed to improve the efficiency of Arabic POS taggers.Method:In this study, we propose a supervised POS tagging system for the Arabic language using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) as well as Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The tagging process is considered as an optimization problem and illustrated as a swarm which consists of group of particles. Each particle represents sequence of tags. The PSO algorithm is applied to find the best sequence of tags which represent the correct tags of the sentence. The genetic operators: crossover and mutation are used to find personal best, global best, and velocity of the PSO algorithm. HMM is used to find the fitness of particles in the swarm.Results :The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated on the KALIMAT dataset which consists of 18 million words and a tag set consists of 45 tags which covers all Arabic POS tags. The proposed tagger achieved an accuracy of 90.5%.Conclusion:Experimental results revealed that the proposed tagger achieved promising results compared to four existing approaches. Other approaches can identify only three tags: noun, verb and particle. Also, the accuracy for some tags are outperformed those achieved by other approaches.
Pembelajaran Berbasis ICT: Pelatihan Penggunaan Software GeoGebra Sebagai Strategi Efektif Peningkatan Profesionalitas Guru
Authors: Rahmadhani Elfi , Wahyuni Septia 
Published: January 2021

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan pembelajaran matematika berbasis ICT dengan mengenalkan dan menggunakan software Geogebra sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam meningkatkan profesionalitas guru. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bersifat pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam menggunakan software Geogebra. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemberian materi dan diskusi tentang software Geogebra dan cara menggunakannya, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan latihan/praktek penggunaan software tersebut dan diakhiri dengan presentasi hasil karya para guru berupa media pembelajaran matematika. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi dan diskusi dengan para peserta diketahui bahwa para guru senang dengan adanya pelatihan penggunaan software Geogebra tersebut, karena membantu mereka dalam menyampaikan materi geometri yang pada umumnya merupakan materi yang sulit bagi siswa. Menurut mereka, penggunaan software ini dapat mengakomodir siswa yang tidak mempunyai kemampuan spatial thinking yang bagus, sehingga materi yang disampaikan dapat diterima oleh seluruh siswa. Kata kunci: pembelajaran berbasis ICT, Geogebra
Pelatihan Soal Matematika Berbasis Literasi Numerasi pada Siswa SMA IT Fitrah Insani
Authors: Puspaningtyas Nicky Dwi , Ulfa Marchamah 
Published: January 2021

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk: 1) memberikan pengetahuan bagi siswa terkait soal-soal berbasis literasi numerasi matematika, 2) melatih keterampilan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal berbasis literasi numerasi matematika. Metode yang digunakan dengan memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal berbasis literasi numerasi matematika. Pelatihan dilakukan secara virtual dengan aplikasi google classroom dan zoom. Data diperoleh dari hasil pre-test dan post-test kemudian diuji perbedaan dua rata-ratanya dengan menggunakan SPSS. Diperoleh nilai rata-rata pre-test 44,79 sedangkan rata-rata post-test 73,74. Sedangkan nilai sig.2-tailed adalah 0,017<5%. Hasil pengabdian pada masyarakat ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) pemberian pelatihan soal berbasis literasi numerasi ini memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada hasil belajar siswa. 2) pelaksanaan pelatihan soal berbasis literasi numerasi matematika terlaksana dengan baik dan dapat dinyatakan berhasil. Kata kunci: literasi, numerasi, matematika, pelatihan
Diabetology 4.0: Scoping Review of Novel Insights and Possibilities Offered by Digitalization
Authors: Eberle Claudia , Stichling Stefanie , Löhnert Maxine 
Published: January 2021

Background
The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated morbidity worldwide justifies the need to create new approaches and strategies for diabetes therapy. Therefore, the ongoing digitalization offers novel opportunities in this field.

Objective
The aim of this study is to provide an updated overview of available technologies, possibilities, and novel insights into diabetes therapy 4.0.

Methods
A scoping review was carried out, and a literature search was performed using electronic databases (MEDLINE [PubMed], Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science). The results were categorized according to the type of technology presented.

Results
Different types of technology (eg, glucose monitoring systems, insulin pens, insulin pumps, closed-loop systems, mobile health apps, telemedicine, and electronic medical records) may help to improve diabetes treatment. These improvements primarily affect glycemic control. However, they may also help in increasing the autonomy and quality of life of people who are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions
Diabetes technologies have developed rapidly over the last few years and offer novel insights into diabetes therapy and a chance to improve and individualize diabetes treatment. Challenges that need to be addressed in the following years relate to data security, interoperability, and the development of standards.
Drug Supply Management in Health Care Institutions in Sri Lanka: A Case Study
Authors: Wijegunasekara J.L. Himali R. 
Published: January 2021

National Health Policy, Primary Health Care Package and National Medicinal Drug Policy have emphasized the importance of adequate supply of safe & effective drugs of acceptable quality in health care institutions. The Medical Supplies Division (MSD) of Ministry of Health is responsible for ensuring an optimum drug supply management, by strategically managing the key steps of Drug management cycle; Selection, Estimate, Ordering, Procuring, Storing, Distribution, Prescribing, and Use by patients. There are strategies followed at different levels.
Objective of the study is to analyze the strategies to improve drug supply management in health care institutions in Sri Lanka. Data collection was carried out using KII, Inspection visits, Review manuals & guidelines, Participation in discussion meetings and Review of secondary data. Prioritization was carried out using nominal group discussion and it was decided to select “Institutional level strategies” for in depth analysis to make recommendations.
The strategies identified were categorized under; Policy; Finance; Process; Facilities & Medicine; Human Resource and Public. Even though a large number of strategies are implemented, there are deficiencies in almost every strategy which leads to stock out of medicine. Root causes for “Deficiencies of Institutional Strategies” were identified using fish born diagram.
Lack of terms of reference for Drug Therapeutic Committees; lack of rational prescribing and prescription audits; high demand for non-formulary drugs; unrealistic estimates, inadequate buffer stocks, delays in redistribution & delays in local purchase; limited stores capacity and suboptimal store management and limited transport availability were found as root causes. Recommendations were made accordingly.
Niosomes: A Novel Carrier Drug Delivery System
Authors: Kauslya Arumugam , Borawake Payal D , Shinde Jitendra V , Chavan Rajashree S 
Published: January 2021

Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system, in which the medication is encapsulated in a vesicle. The vesicle is composed of a bilayer of non-ionic surfactants. Niosomes are mostly preferred than liposomes because they are stable and cost effective. Niosomes potentiate the pharmacological action of the drug molecules by delaying the clearance of the drug from the circulation, protecting the drug from biological environment and restricting the effects only to the target cells. In novel drug delivery it has applications on treatment of cancer, used as a carrier in haemoglobin, delivery of the peptide drugs through oral route, in treatment of leishmaniasis, in ophthalmic delivery and as carrier in dermal drug delivery. This review article focuses on the composition, advantages, types of niosomes, methods of preparation, characterization and application of the vesicular system.
Keywords: Niosomes, Composition, Types, Method of preparation, Factors affecting, Application.
A Review on Solubility Enhancement by Solid Dispersion Method
Authors: Dhande Laxmikant B. , Deshmukh Madhuri T. , Khopade Abhijit N. , Shete Rajkumar V. , Kunjir Vaibhavi V. 
Published: January 2021

The issues of solubility for the targeted drug delivery of the new drug affects, the delivery many existing drug. The minimum 40% of the novel drug from the pharmaceutical industries are showing poor ability of solubilization in water. Hence to increase the solubility of such drug in waters and to increase their bioavailabilities are the major challenges to the scientists. So to overcome such problems and increase dissolution, development of solid dispersion with carriers having good water solubility is beneficiary. Hence solid dispersion methods are found to be an effective method to develop the solubility factor of the drug which showing poor solubility in water. The review highlights the various aspect of solid dispersion type, rational, advantages, limitation and manufacturing processes for the limited commercialization of solid dispersion.
Keywords: Solid dispersions, hydrophilic, carrier, solubility, polymer, bioavailability.
Research Opportunities in Unani/ Greco-Arabian Medicine
Authors: Hashir Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Unani medicine is a traditional system of medicine which was founded on the teachings of Hippocrates (460-377 BC). It is based on a holistic concept of health preservation, promotion and disease prevention. Mizaj (temperament), asbab-e-sitta zaruriyah (six essential factors), and tabiy’at (physis) are the basic concepts of Unani medicine which help in disease prevention as well as management. Unani medicine has a rich treasure of many effective preventive and therapeutic methods for lifestyle disorders, acute and chronic diseases, as well as psychological conditions. In this paper, we discuss the important research areas in Unani system of medicine, particularly related to present-day world.
Keywords: Unani medicine, lifestyle, chronic diseases, Mizaj
THE IMPACT OF SOYBEAN AND CORN INTERCROPPING SYSTEM AND SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT ON SOYBEAN APHID POPULATIONS APHIS GLYCINES (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND SOYBEAN GROWTH PERFORMANCE
Authors: Hasibuan Rosma , Lumbanraja Jamalam 
Published: January 2021

Agricultural management cropping systems play an important role in affecting a crop plant’s ability to tolerate or resist insect pests. Field studies were conducted to examine the effect of two strategies management systems: fertilizer treatment and intercropping soybean with corn on soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) population and soybean growth and yield parameters. The intercropping treatments were: soybean alone; 2:1 soybean/corn intercrop; and 3:1 soybean/corn intercrop. While the soil fertility treatments were the combination of NPK (urea 100 kg ha-1 + SP-36 200 kg ha-1 + KCl 200 kg ha-1) levels, dolomite (4 ton ha-1), compost (10 ton ha-1), and chicken manure (10 ton ha-1). The results of the first study showed that the intercropping soybean with corn significantly reduced the population density of soybean aphids. However, there were no significant effects of intercropping systems on soybean growth (plant height) and yield (number seed per pod and thousand seed weight) performances except on the number of soybean pods per plant. Meanwhile, the result of the second study indicated that soil fertilizer treatments had a significant effect on the soybean plant characteristics: leaf numbers; pod numbers; and plant height. Combining intercropping methods and soil fertilizer management offer an opportunity to protect the soybean plants by natural and sustainable pest management.
DIAGNOSIS LIMA PENYAKIT UTAMA KARENA JAMUR PADA 100 KULTIVAR BIBIT PISANG
Authors: Soesanto Loekas , Mugiastuti Endang , Ahmad Fajarudin , Witjaksono Witjaksono 
Published: January 2021

The research which aimed to identify main pathogenic fungi of 100 banana seedling cultivars and their disease intensity was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University with samples and field data taking at Indonesian Insitute of Science Bogor. This descriptive research was started by taking samples and field data followed by identification of pathogenic fungi at the laboratory. Variables observed were disease symptoms, colony and pathogenic morphology, kinds of the pathogen, disease intensity, and physical data. Result of the research showed that there were five main pathogenic fungi of the banana seedlings, i.e., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. cubense, causing Fusarium wilt; Mychosphaerella musicola Mulder, causing Mycosphaerella leaf spot or Sigatoka; Cordana musae (Zimm.) Hohn., causing Cordana leaf spot; Curvularia lunata, causing leaf spot; and Cladosporium musae Mason, causing speckle. From 100 banana seedling cultivars observed, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense was the most frequently found with the intensity of 1.4-72%, followed by Curvularia lunata, Mychosphaerella musicola, Cladosporium Musae, and Cordana musae with the intensity of 1-32, 2-18, 2-24, and 3-23%, respectively.
KELIMPAHAN POPULASI, PREFERENSI DAN KARAKTER KEBUGARAN MENOCHILUS SEXMACULATUS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) PREDATOR KUTUDAUN PADA PERTANAMAN CABAI
Authors: Nelly Novri 
Published: January 2021

This predator is efective to control population of aphids, so the aim of research was to study the field population abundance, predator preference to this prey, and fitness character of M. sexmaculatus as predator. The population fluctuation was observed at conventional and organic farming. The preference test was conducted by choice and no choice test for some types of prey. Fitness test was performed by studying its prey, the number of eggs produced and number of eggs hatched. The results showed that M. sexmaculatus population abundance was fluctuated, the abundance higher in chili cultivated conventionaly than cultivated in organic farming. But in conventional farming decreased with increasing age of chili. Preference test showed that almost all species of aphids preferred by M. sexmaculatus. Some prey species found were aphids, thrips and Neotoxoptera. Predator fitness levels showed by the longevity of females ranged 9-10 days. Oviposition period was on average five days, while the post-oviposition was two days. The number of eggs produced ranged 100-200 eggs with an average of 135.3 eggs.
POTENSI PARASITOID TELUR PENGGEREK BATANG PADI KUNING Scirpophaga incertulas Walker PADA BEBERAPA TIPOLOGI LAHAN DI PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Wilyus Wilyus , Nurdiansyah Fuad , Herlinda Siti , Irsan Chandra , Pujiastuti Yulia 
Published: January 2021

The research was conducted to analyze the diversity, dispersal and domination of the egg parasitoid species of the yellow rice stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas Walker on several land typologies in Jambi Province. The study was conducted by survey method, from December 2010 until June 2011. Samples of egg parasitoids of S. incertulas were collected by baiting parasitoids with eggs of S. incertulas. The results of the research showed that there were three spesies of the egg parasitoids of S. incertulas found in Jambi Province, the most dominant was Telenomus rowani Gahan, followed by Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead and Tetrastichus schoenobii Ferriere. T. rowani and T. japonicum were found in all wetland ecosystems in Jambi Province (tidal swamp, swampy area, rainfed lowland, lowland technical irrigation, and upland technical irrigation), while T. schoenobii was found only in tidal swamp, swampy area, and lowland technical irrigation. The highest species diversity of egg parasitoid of S. incertulas was found on tidal swamp (Shannon index 1.047), followed by swampy area, lowland technical irrigation, rainfed and upland technical irrigation area. The average of proportion of egg masses parasitized by T. rowani, T. japonicum and T. Schoenobii were 22.58, 6.18 and 2.68% respectively. The average of individual eggs parasitized by T. rowani, T. schoenobii, and T. japnicum were 8.41, 1.67 and 1.47% respectively.
KERAGAMAN DAN HERITABILITAS KETAHANAN TEBU POPULASI F1 TERHADAP PENYAKIT BERCAK KUNING DI PT GUNUNG MADU PLANTATIONS LAMPUNG
Authors: Sa’diyah Nyimas , Aeny Titik Nur 
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study was to estimate variability and heritability of yellow spot disease characters of 12 sugarcane genotypes. The experiment was conducted on sugarcane field in PT Gunung Madu Plantations (PT GMP), Gunung Sugih Central Lampung, from January to May 2009. The treatments consisted of 12 F1 sugarcane genotypes resulted from the previous crossing of several existed varieties done by PT GMP research and development. The variability was estimated using the method from Anderson and Bancroft (1952) and the heritability was estimated based on the method from Allard (1995). The results showed that the severity of sugarcane yellow spot disease in the PT GMP Lampung showed high variability but low heritability (0.21). Out of 12 tested sugarcane genotypes, G12 has the highest resistance showed by the lowest disease severity.
TINGKAT KETERJADIAN PENYAKIT LAYU STEWART PADA BENIH DAN RESPON BEBERAPA VARIETAS JAGUNG TERHADAP INFEKSI Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii
Authors: Rahma Haliatur , Sinaga Meity S , Surahman Memen , Giyanto Giyanto 
Published: January 2021

Disease incidence of Stewart’s wilt on the seed and response of several maize varieties to Pantoea stewartii subp. stewartii. Stewart’s wilt disease of maize is caused by Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. This bacterium is seed-borne pathogens, when attacked maize caused yield lost 40-100%. The objective of this research was to detemine the incidence level of stewart’s wilt disease, growth of some varieties of maize and their response to stewart’s wilt pathogens Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Bacteriology and Greenhouse Cikabayan IPB from November 2011 to March 2012. In experiment I, nineteen samples of maize were used for symptom test in the maize seedling stage, using Randomized Block Design with three replications. Experiment II used a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors: maize varieties (8 hybrids varieties, 3 open pollinated varieties, and 7 sweet corn varieties) and bacteria isolates (BGR 2, BGR 4, BGR 28, BGR7 and PSM 27), with three replications. The results showed in experiment I, the incidence of stewart’s wilt disease ranged 2.00 – 15.33%, germination and vigor index of maize seed were 68.00 – 95.33% and 55.33 – 90.67% respectively. While in experiment II, hybrid and open pollinated of maize varieties were resistant to moderately susceptible while all sweet corn varieties were susceptible to infection of Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii.