bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and genome structures of temperate phages in acetic acid bacteria
Authors: Omata Koki , Hibi Naruhiro , Nakano Shigeru , Komoto Shuji , Sato Kazuki , Nunokawa Kei , Amano Shoichi , Ueda Kenji , Takano Hideaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcetic acid bacteria (AAB) are industrial microorganisms used for vinegar fermentation. Herein, we investigated the distribution and genome structures of mitomycin C-inducible temperate phages in AAB. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed phage-like particles in 15 out of a total 177 acetic acid bacterial strains, all of which showed morphology similar to myoviridae-type phage. The complete genome sequences of the six phages derived from three strains each of Acetobacter and Komagataeibacter strains were determined, harboring a genome size ranging from 34,100 to 53,798 bp. A phage AP1 from A. pasteurianus NBRC 109446 was predicted as an active phage based on the genomic information, and actually had the ability to infect its phiAP1-cured strain. The attachment sites for phiAP1 were located in the 3’-end region of the tRNAser gene. We also developed a chromosome-integrative vector, p2096int, based on the integrase function of phiAP1, and it was successfully integrated into the attachment site of the phiAP1-cured strain, which may be used as a valuable tool for the genetic engineering. Overall, this study showed the distribution of mitomycin C-inducible temperate phages in AAB, and identified the active temperate phage o f A. pasteurianus.
Interactions between parasitic helminths and gut microbiota in wild tropical primates from intact and fragmented habitats
Authors: Barelli Claudia , Donati Claudio , Albanese Davide , Pafčo Barbora , Modrý David , Rovero Francesco , Hauffe Heidi C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbours a highly complex ecosystem composed of a variety of micro- (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoans) and macro-organisms (helminths). Although most microbiota research focuses on the variation of single gut components, the crosstalk between components is still poorly characterized, especially in hosts living under natural conditions. We investigated the gut micro-biodiversity (bacteria, fungi and helminths) of 158 individuals of two wild non-human primates, the Udzungwa red colobus (Procolobus gordonorum) and the yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus). These species have contrasting diets and lifestyles, but live sympatrically in both human-impacted and pristine forests in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Using non-invasive faecal pellets, helminths were identified using standard microscopy while bacteria and fungi were characterized by sequencing the V1–V3 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS1–ITS2 fragment for fungi. Our results show that both diversity and composition of bacteria and fungi are associated with variation in helminth presence. Although interactions differed by habitat type, in both primates we found thatStrongyloideswas negatively associated andTrichuriswas positively associated with bacterial and fungal richness. To our knowledge, this is one of the few studies demonstrating an interaction between helminth and gut microbiota communities in wild non-human primates.
Aggregation state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis impacts host immunity and augments pulmonary disease pathology
Authors: Kolloli Afsal , Kumar Ranjeet , Singh Pooja , Narang Anshika , Kaplan Gilla , Sigal Alex , Subbian Selvakumar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn vitro phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) aggregates (Mtb-AG), rather than similar numbers of single bacilli (Mtb-SC), induces host macrophage death and favors bacterial growth. Here, we examined whether aggregation contributes to enhanced Mtb pathogenicity in vivo in rabbit lungs. Rabbits were exposed to infectious aerosols containing mainly Mtb-AG or Mtb-SC. The lung bacterial load, systemic immune response, histology, and immune cell composition were investigated over time. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis, cellular and tissue-level assays, and immunofluorescent imaging were performed on lung tissue to define and compare immune activation and pathogenesis between Mtb-AG and Mtb-SC infection. Lung bacillary loads, disease scores, lesion size, and structure were significantly higher in Mtb-AG than Mtb-SC infected animals. Differences in immune cell distribution and activation were noted in the lungs of the two groups of infected animals. Consistently larger lung granulomas with large aggregates of Mtb, extensive necrotic foci, and elevated matrix metalloproteases expression were observed in Mtb-AG infected rabbits. Our findings suggest that bacillary aggregation increases Mtb fitness for improved growth and accelerates lung inflammation and infected host cell death, thereby exacerbating disease pathology in the lungs.
Molten salt strategy and plasma technology induced MnO2 with oxygen vacancy for high performance Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Shao Fuqiang , Li Shuke , Xu Yanchao , Jiao Yang , Chen Jianrong 
Published: November 2021

The oxygen vacancy-rich MnO2 was synthesized by the molten salt method and the plasma etching strategy. The amorphous layer increased the active sites and the oxygen vacancies on the surface of MnO2 that promoted the rapid transfer of charges.
Multi-responsive poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl methacrylate)-co-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) hyperbranched copolymers via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Selianitis Dimitrios , Pispas Stergios 
Published: November 2021

Multi-responsive P(OEGMA-co-DIPAEMA) hyperbranched copolymers are synthesized via RAFT polymerization. The copolymers form different aggregates in aqueous media depending on solution pH, temperature and copolymer composition.
Introducing ytterbium acetate to luminescent CsPbCl3 nanocrystals for enhanced sensitivity of Cu2+ detection
Authors: Wu Xiufeng , Hu Songtao , Shao He , Li Lifang , Chen Wenda , Dong Biao , Xu Lin , Xu Wen , Zhou Donglei , Wu Zhennan , Song Hongwei , Bai Xue 
Published: November 2021

The Yb(OAc)3 promoted the formation of CsPbCl3 nanowires (NWs). The NWs exhibited boost in conductivity and the adsorbed AcO− on the surface of NWs enhanced the adsorption capacity of Cu2+, which enabled NWs with high detection sensitivity of Cu2+.
Molecular mechanisms of action of stimulant novel psychoactive substances that target the high-affinity transporter for dopamine
Authors: Sahai Michelle A. , Opacka-Juffry Jolanta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Drug misuse is a significant social and public health problem worldwide. Misused substances exert their neurobehavioural effects through changing neural signalling within the brain, many of them leading to substance dependence and addiction in the longer term. Among drugs with addictive liability, there are illicit classical stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine, and their more recently available counterparts known as novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Stimulants normally increase dopamine availability in the brain, including the pathway implicated in reward-related behaviour. This pattern is observed in both animal and human brain. The main biological target of stimulants, both classical and NPS, is the dopamine transporter (DAT) implicated in the dopamine-enhancing effects of these drugs. This article aims at reviewing research on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the interactions between stimulant NPS, such as benzofurans, cathinones or piperidine derivatives and DAT, to achieve a greater understanding of the core phenomena that decide about the addictive potential of stimulant NPS. As the methodology is essential in the process of experimental research in this area, we review the applications of in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. The latter, including molecular dynamics, attracts the focus of the present review as the method of choice in molecular and atomistic investigations of the mechanisms of addiction of stimulant NPS. Research of this kind is of interest to not only scientists but also health professionals as updated knowledge of NPS, their modes of action and health risks, is needed to tackle the challenges posed by NPS misuse.
Factors Affecting Hearing Aid Adoption by Adults With High-Frequency Hearing Loss: The Beaver Dam Offspring Study
Authors: Weycker Jacqueline M. , Dillard Lauren K. , Pinto Alex , Fischer Mary E. , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Tweed Ted S. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:Hearing loss (HL) is common among middle-age and older adults, but hearing aid adoption is low. The purpose of this study was to measure the 10-year incidence of hearing aid adoption in a sample of primarily middle-age adults with high-frequency HL and identify factors associated with hearing aid adoption.Method:This study included 579 adults (ages 34–80 years) with high-frequency pure-tone average > 25 dB HL (3–8 kHz) enrolled in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study. Hearing aid adoption was measured at 5- and 10-year follow-up examinations. Cox discrete-time proportional hazards models were used to evaluate factors associated with hearing aid adoption (presented as hazards ratios [HRs] and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]).Results:The 10-year cumulative incidence of hearing aid adoption was 14 per 1,000 person years. Factors significantly associated with adoption in a multivariable model were higher education (vs. 16+ years; 0–12: HR: 0.36, 95% CI [0.19, 0.69]; 13–15: HR: 0.52, 95% CI [0.27, 0.98]), worse high-frequency pure-tone average (per +1 dB; HR: 1.04, 95% CI [1.02, 1.06]), self-reported hearing handicap (screening versions of the Hearing Handicap Inventory score > 8; HR: 1.85, 95% CI [1.02, 3.38]), answering yes to “Do friends and relatives think you have a hearing problem?” (HR: 3.18, 95% CI [1.60, 6.33]) and using closed captions (HR: 2.86, 95% CI [1.08, 7.57]). Effects of age and sex were not significant.Conclusions:Hearing aid adoption rates were low. Hearing sensitivity, socioeconomic status, and measures of the impact of HL on daily life were associated with adoption. Provider awareness of associated factors can contribute to timely and appropriate intervention.
Mentoring Underrepresented Students in Speech-Language Pathology: Effects of Didactic Training, Leadership Development, and Research Engagement
Authors: Mahendra Nidhi , Kashinath Shubha 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to implement and track the outcomes of a yearlong, structured mentoring program aimed at enhancing the retention and success of underrepresented graduate and undergraduate students in speech-language pathology.

Method:
Student participants were recruited following an open application process and based on meeting eligibility requirements and committing to program completion. The focus of this program was to provide didactic training on leadership development, culturally responsive practice, and research methods used in speech-language pathology. This program emphasized participant needs assessments and goal-setting, access to one-on-one and group mentoring by peers and professionals, and a culminating experience in which participant teams completed a supervised clinical research project or a community outreach and education project.

Results:
Forty-six participants in three cohorts completed the yearlong program in three consecutive years. Positive outcomes included program completion, degree completion, student perceptions of program benefit, completion of innovative community-engaged and research projects, and dissemination of scholarly work.

Conclusion:
Our findings from implementing this program and tracking its outcomes have implications for using innovative, equity-minded, and evidence-based strategies for retaining and mentoring minoritized students in speech-language pathology.
Listeners' Perceptions of Speaker Personality Traits Based on Speech
Authors: Welch Brett , van Mersbergen Miriam R. , Helou Leah B. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Voice and speech are rich with information about a speaker's personality and other features of identity. This study seeks to determine the extent to which listeners agree about speakers' social, physical, and personality attributes.

Method:
Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, listeners rated a group of speakers who were unbalanced for sex and personality traits. The second experiment elaborated on the first by ensuring the speaker set was balanced for sex and personality traits. Both experiments played standard speech samples from speakers who provided personality information via the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire–Brief Form. Groups of listeners rated each speaker on the same personality traits and other features of identity. Responses were analyzed for listener agreement.

Results:
For both experiments, listeners showed consistently high levels of agreement on the personality attributes of a speaker. For certain speakers, listener agreement on some personality traits was as high as 92% and 97% in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Furthermore, a range of agreement across personality subscales was observed across speakers such that some were agreed-upon across all personality ratings and others were agreed-upon only for a few personality traits.

Conclusions:
When it comes to judging personality traits and other features of identity, most listeners might not be “correct” about speakers' traits and attributes, but they broadly agree about how the listener sounds. Some speakers send more salient voice and speech cues that drive agreement about their personality, whereas others speak in a manner that precludes consensus.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16906990
Directed hypergraph attention network for traffic forecasting
Authors: Luo Xiaoyi , Peng Jiaheng , Liang Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn traffic systems, traffic forecasting is a critical issue, which has attracted much interest from researchers. It is a challenging task due to the complex spatial‐temporal patterns of traffic data. Previous works focus on designing complex graph‐based neural networks to model spatial‐temporal dependencies from data. By using graphs to represent road networks, these works capture spatial patterns with graph convolutions. However, graphs cannot fully represent spatial relations from road networks. It limits the performance of graph‐based methods. In this paper, we propose a directed hypergraph neural network architecture, Directed Hypergraph Attention Network(DHAT), for traffic forecasting. Unlike previous works, DHAT introduces a directed hypergraph to represent road networks. Compared with graphs, directed hypergraphs could represent spatial information from graphs and outperform them in modeling complex directed relations among multiple nodes. Based on the directed hypergraph, a directed hypergraph convolution is proposed to exploit spatial relations among traffic series. By combining the proposed convolution and attention mechanisms, DHAT can effectively achieve promising predictions for traffic forecasting. To evaluate the performance of DHAT, we have conducted extensive experiments on four real‐world traffic datasets. Compared with other baselines, experimental results show that DHAT reduces Mean Absolute Error by 0.03–0.64 on these datasets.
A novel quantum algorithm for ant colony optimisation
Authors: Ghosh Mrityunjay , Dey Nivedita , Mitra Debdeep , Chakrabarti Amlan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnt colony optimisation (ACO) is a commonly used meta‐heuristic to solve complex combinatorial optimisation problems like the travelling salesman problem (TSP), vehicle routing problem (VRP) etc. However, classical ACO algorithms provide better optimal solutions but do not reduce computation time overhead to a significant extent. Algorithmic speed‐up can be achieved by using parallelism offered by quantum computing. Existing quantum algorithms to solve ACO are either quantum‐inspired classical algorithms or hybrid quantum‐classical algorithms. Since all these algorithms need the intervention of classical computing, leveraging the true potential of quantum computing on real quantum hardware remains a challenge. This study's main contribution is to propose a fully quantum algorithm to solve ACO, enhancing the quantum information processing toolbox in the fault‐tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) era. We have solved the single source single destination (SSSD) shortest‐path problem using our proposed adaptive quantum circuit for representing the dynamic pheromone‐updating strategy in real IBMQ devices. Our quantum ACO technique can be further used as a quantum ORACLE to solve complex optimisation problems in a fully quantum setup with significant speed up upon the availability of more qubits.
An opportunistic maintenance strategy for wind turbines
Authors: Wang Dameng , Teng Wei , Zhang Gaoshuran , Qu Xiaofeng , Liu Yibing , Ma Zhiyong , Kusiak Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMaintenance strategies aim at reduction of the operation and maintenance cost of wind turbines. An opportunistic maintenance strategy offers cost advantages over the traditional preventive replacement maintenance strategy by considering cost dependency among maintenance activities. A new opportunistic maintenance strategy of wind turbines is proposed here. First, the proposed strategy includes two sets of reliability thresholds to handle subassemblies those are in operational and failed wind turbines. Using the reliability thresholds, ten maintenance modes and their service conditions are presented. Second, the Weibull distribution with an age reduction factor is introduced to describe reliability variation of subassemblies under imperfect maintenance. Third, the maintenance cost in each maintenance mode is expressed by a reliability variation‐based function that is dependent on the stage of maintenance activities. Fourth, due to the randomness of failures, the expected total maintenance cost is determined with Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed approach has been validated with the data provided by a wind farm located in Northern China.
Review and prospect on key technologies of hydroelectric‐hydrogen energy storage‐fuel cell multi‐main energy system
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Tang Quan , Li Min , Su Yunche , Li Ting 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydropower engineering is one of the most developed renewable energy generation techniques, which is characterized by high development concentration, large dispatching scale, many power stations, and long transmission distance. However, the unbalanced distribution of hydropower resources and the difficulty of absorbing hydropower lead to a large amount of abandoned water, which causes a large number of economic losses and energy loss in China. The topological structure and principle of the multi‐agent energy system of hydropower, hydrogen storage, and fuel cell are introduced here. The key technologies of the multi‐agent energy system are introduced from three parts: hydrogen production method of electrolysis water, hydrogen storage method, and application aspect of power generation system of solid oxide fuel cell. The main research direction of realizing the multi‐agent energy system of hydroelectric power, hydrogen energy storage, and fuel cell in the future is put forward, which has enlightenment significance for the construction of new power system and the research of realizing the goal of carbon neutral.
The Upper Paralimbal Zone is Especially Susceptible to Ruptures Due to Blunt Trauma
Authors: Osterried Lea , Gruber Markus , Böhringer Daniel , Agostini Hansjürgen , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Globe ruptures are ophthalmological emergencies where the primary diagnosis using a slit lamp is often a challenge.
Objectives The retrospective case study aimed to characterise the predilection sites, the demographic profile and the causes of bursts due to blunt globe trauma.
Materials and Methods The surgical plan of the Eye Centre of the Medical Centre (University of Freiburg) was electronically searched using the keyword “globe rupture” over a period
of 18 years (2000 – 2018). This led to 350 hits, which were scrutinised by hand. 134 globe ruptures due to blunt globe trauma were then identified.
Results The most common predilection sites were the upper nasal and the upper temporal paralimbal zones with 37 and 32% of the examined globe ruptures, respectively. The average age
at the time of rupture was 60 (from 2 to 97) years. The median age was 62.5 years. 37% (49/134) of patients were female. The most frequent causes of accidents were falls (43%), “flying”
wooden and metal objects (18%) and acts of violence (10%).
Conclusions Special attention should be paid to the upper paralimbal zone in the exploratory primary care of globe ruptures. If the rupture occurred due to “flying” wooden and metal
objects, the posterior sclera burst most frequently. The epidemiological data suggest that targeted prevention against falls for individuals over 60 years and consistent wearing of
protective eyewear when working with wood or metal could reduce the incidence of bulbar bursting. It was also noticeable that acts of violence were the third most frequent cause of rupture,
although woman did not report that they were affected by this. Given the high occurrence of violence against women, shame and stigma may lead to an incorrect inquiry about the cause of the
accident. This could be mitigated by training employees specifically to take a sensitive history.
Contact Lens Fitting in Patients with Keratoconus – A Retrospective Assessment of 200 Patients
Authors: Richter Kathrin , Jullien Theresia , Klühspies Ulrike , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold , Eppig Timo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and Purpose Nowadays, keratoconus (KC) is very well treatable in a stage-oriented manner. A wide range of designs and materials of contact lenses (CL) are available for the treatment of KC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibilities, the possible challenges and the visual outcome of lens fitting in KC eyes.
Patients and Methods This retrospective study includes data from 200 patients who received a lens fitting trial in our contact lens service between 2006 and 2016. We documented ophthalmological parameters, the type of prescribed CL, the number of required trial lenses and possible causes of the failure of the lens fitting.
Results The mean age at initial lens fitting was 33.9 ± 12.5 years. In 98.8% of the cases, the fitting was performed with rigid gas permeable lenses, in 90.1% with four-curve lenses. Of the total number of aspheric lenses prescribed, 87.5% were fitted in keratoconus stages “1” to “2” (topographic keratoconus classification; Oculus Keratograph). Back surface toric lenses or bitoric lenses were fitted to 61.7% in keratoconus stages “2 – 3” to “4”. Before patients received their final CL, a median of 2 trial lenses were required (max. 16). Mean visual acuity with lens correction was 0.8 ± 0.2 at the initial fitting, mean visual acuity with glasses correction was 0.5 ± 0.3. In 7.7% of the eyes, the KC lens fitting was discontinued due to the advanced stage of keratoconus, requiring a corneal transplant. Reasons for discontinuing contact lens fitting included lens intolerance (2.3%), application problems (0.3%) or acute corneal hydrops (0.3%). Discontinuation of lens
wearing due to incompatibilities or application problems occurred in only four cases (1.1%) in the further course after lens fitting.
Conclusions The use of contact lenses is an integral part of the stage-appropriate therapy of keratoconus. Good visual acuity can be achieved in all stages of keratoconus with a low drop-out rate. In most cases, the adjustment is carried out with rigid gas permeable lenses with a four-curve geometry. In initial stages, aspherical lenses may be sufficient. Toric lenses can be fitted in advanced stages when rotationally symmetrical lenses cannot achieve a satisfactory fit. If contact lenses have been successfully fitted, there are only a few cases in which patients abandon their contact lenses because of intolerance.