bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment Options in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum
Disorders
Authors: Rommer Paulus , Zettl Uwe K. 
Published: September 2021

:
There are few diseases where as much therapeutic progress has been made in recent years as in multiple
sclerosis. Nine different drug classes with more than a dozen approved therapies are now available. Similarly,
there have been unimaginable advances in understanding neuromyelitis optica (now neuromyelitis optica
spectrum disorder [NMOSD]) over the past 15 years. Building on the knowledge gained, the first therapies
have been approved in recent years. In this review, we aim to present all therapies approved for the treatment of
MS or NMOSD. The different forms of application, different approval criteria and most important side effects
will be presented. This work is intended for physicians who are interested in MS and NMOSD therapies and
want to get a first overview and does not replace the respective guidelines of the regulatory authorities.
The Role of Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis and Potential Treatment of
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Peedicayil Jacob 
Published: September 2021

:
There is increasing evidence that dsyregulated epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression are involved in the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review presents a comprehensive summary of the current state of research on the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of ADHD. The potential role of epigenetic drugs in the treatment of ADHD is also reviewed. Several studies suggest there are epigenetic abnormalities in preclinical models of ADHD and in ADHD patients. Regarding DNA methylation many studies have reported DNA hypermethylation. There is evidence that there is increased histone deacetylation in ADHD patients. Abnormalities in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in ADHD patients have also been found. Some currently used drugs for treating ADHD, in addition to their more well established mechanisms of action, have been shown to alter epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression. Clinical trials of epigenetic drugs in patients with ADHD are reporting favorable results. These data suggest that abnormal epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Drugs acting on epigenetic mechanisms may be a potential new class of drugs for treating ADHD.
Dibromination of Cinnamamides with CBr4 Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Luo Zaigang , Liu Shuai , Peng Chengtong , Wang Xiuxiu , Xu Xuemei 
Published: September 2021

:
A novel, mild and efficient protocol to synthesize dibrominated propanamides has been developed. The presented methodology provides several merits, such as easy-to-handle and stable brominated substrate, catalyst-free, additive free and facile experimental operation. The preliminary mechanism study indicated that a free radical pathway might be involved in the presented reaction.
In silico Repurposing of Anticancer Drug (5-Fluorouracil) as an Antibacterial Agent against Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Sharma Amey , Rana Apoorva , Mangtani Lakshya , Kalra Aakanksha , Niraj Ravi Ranjan Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Infections caused by drug-resistant microorganisms have been increasing
worldwide, thereby being one of the major causes of morbidity in the 21st century. Klebsiella pneumoniae
is one such bacteria causing lung inflammation, lung injury and death. The emergence of hyper-virulent
and drug-resistant species, such as ESBL and CRKP, has made this microbe a serious and urgent threat.
The pace of emergence of these species is outgrowing the development of novel drug and vaccine candidates,
thereby shifting the research focus towards the drug repurposing approach.

Objective:
The study aimed at Homology Modeling of Thymidylate Synthase, verification of modeled
structure, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of the docked complex, and finally, in
vitro analysis of 5-FU activity against Klebsiella pneumonia.

Methods:
The 3D structure of Thymidylate Synthase was predicted using the Swiss model server and
validated by in silico approaches. The protein-protein interactions were determined using the STRING
database. Molecular Docking has been carried out and MD simulations of 5-FU with the predicted structure
of thymidylate synthase have been conducted. Finally, in vitro antimicrobial drug sensitivity assay
has been carried out at different concentrations.

Result:
Hydrogen bond was observed in Molecular Docking, protein-ligand complex remained stable
during simulation, while 5-FU showed antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia during the in
vitro study.

Conclusion:
Both in silico as well as in vitro analysis have indicated that 5-FU can potentially be developed
as an antimicrobial agent towards Klebsiella pneumonia.
Silver Nanoparticle Enhances Secretion of Exosomes in SH-SY5Y Cells:
Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Human Neuroblastoma Cancer
Authors: Gurunathan Sangiliyandi , Kim Jin-Hoi , Kang Min-Hee 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Exosomes-a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs)-are secreted by virtually
all cells, including human neuroblastoma cancer (SH-SY5Y) cells, into bodily fluids. Oxidative
stress is critically involved in exosome biogenesis and release. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) induce
cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in cancer and non-cancer cells.

Methods:
Here, we studied whether AgNPs-induced oxidative stress could enhance exosome biogenesis
and release under low serum conditions in the presence of AgNPs. Although several studies
have reported various mechanisms that contribute to EV biogenesis and release from cells, none
exists on the involvement of external stimuli by controlling acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neutralsphingomyelinase
(n-SMase) activities, total protein concentration of exosomes, and exosome count.

Results:
Owing to cytotoxic and oxidative stresses, AgNPs-treated cells and exosome release were
significantly facilitated, which strongly correlated with the AgNPs-induced oxidative stress. Moreover,
the expression levels of some important exosome biomarkers were found to be significant under
oxidative stress conditions. N-acetylcysteine prevented oxidative stress-induced exosome biogenesis
and release. Furthermore, we identified the involvement of the ceramide pathway in exosome functions
by inhibiting AChE and n-SMase activities, and exosome protein/counts. These data contribute
to the understanding of how AgNPs and intracellular molecular pathways affect exosome biogenesis
and release in SH-SY5Y cells.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing that AgNPs stimulate
exosome biogenesis and release by inducing oxidative stress and ceramide pathways.
The Role of Physicians in Digitalizing Health Care Provision: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Burmann Anja , Tischler Max , Faßbach Mira , Schneitler Sophie , Meister Sven 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundDigitalization affects all areas of society, including the health care sector. However, the digitalization of health care provision is progressing slowly compared to other sectors. In the professional and political literature, physicians are partially portrayed as digitalization sceptics. Thus, the role of physicians in this process requires further investigation. The theory of “digital natives” suggests a lower hurdle for younger generations to engage with digital technologies.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the role of physicians in the process of digitalizing health care provision in Germany and to assess the age factor.MethodsWe conducted a large-scale study to assess the role of this professional group in the progress of the digital transformation of the German health care sector. Therefore, in an anonymous online survey, we inquired about the current digital penetration of the personal working environment, expectations, attitude toward, and concerns regarding digitalization. Based on these data, we studied associations with the nominal variable age and variations across 2 age groups.ResultsThe 1274 participants included in the study generally showed a high affinity towards digitalization with a mean of 3.88 on a 5-point Likert scale; 723 respondents (56.75%) stated they personally use mobile apps in their everyday working life, with a weak tendency to be associated with the respondents’ age (η=0.26). Participants saw the most noticeable existing benefits through digitalization in data quality and readability (882/1274, 69.23%) and the least in patient engagement (213/1274, 16.72%). Medical practitioners preponderantly expect further improvements through increased digitalization across almost all queried areas but the most in access to medical knowledge (1136/1274, 89.17%), treatment of orphan diseases (1016/1274, 79.75%), and medical research (1023/1274, 80.30%).ConclusionsRespondents defined their role in the digitalization of health care provision as ambivalent: “scrutinizing” on the one hand but “active” and “open” on the other. A gap between willingness to participate and digital sovereignty was indicated. Thus, education on digitalization as a means to support health care provision should not only be included in the course of study but also in the continuing process of further and advanced training.
Digital Technology In Psychiatry: Expectations, Barriers And Understanding Of Clinicians (Preprint)
Authors: Sterling William Andrew , Sobolev Michael , Van Meter Anna , Guinart Daniel , Birnbaum Michael , Rubio Jose M , Kane John M 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Digital technology has the potential to transform psychiatry, but adoption has been limited. The proliferation of telepsychiatry during COVID increases urgency of optimizing technology for clinical practice. Understanding clinician attitudes and preferences is crucial to effective implementation and patient benefit.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to elicit clinician perspectives on emerging digital technology.

METHODS

Clinicians in a large psychiatry department (inpatient and outpatient) were invited to complete an online survey about their attitudes towards digital technology in practice, focusing on implementation, clinical benefits, and expectations about patients’ attitudes. The survey consisted of 23 questions that could be answered on either a 3-point or 5-point Likert scale. We report frequencies and percentages of responses.

RESULTS

139 clinicians completed the survey. They represented a variety of years-experience, credentials and diagnostic sub-specialties (response rate of 69.5%). Eighty-three percent (n=116) stated that digital data could improve their practice. Twenty-three percent of responders reported that they had viewed patients’ profiles on social media (n=32). Among anticipated benefits, clinicians rated symptom self-tracking (n=101, 72.7%) as well as clinical intervention support (n=90, 64.7%) as most promising. Among anticipated challenges, clinicians mostly expressed concerns over greater time demand (n=123, 88.5%) and whether digital data would be actionable (n=107, 77%). Ninety-five percent (n=132) of clinicians expected their patients to share digital data.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, clinicians reported a positive attitude toward the use of digital data to improve patient outcomes but also highlight significant barriers that implementation need to overcome. Although clinicians’ self-reported attitudes about digital technology may not necessarily translate into behavior, results suggest that technologies that reduce clinician burden and are easily interpretable have the greatest likelihood of uptake.
TINJAUAN KONSEP GREEN DESIGN PADA INTERIOR FORE COFFEE MEDAN
Authors: Ramadhani Ivo 
Published: September 2021

Perkembangan teknologi industri 4.0 yang terjadi saat ini ternyata juga mempengaruhi terhadap perkembangan pembangunan di Indonesia menjadi begitu pesat, sehingga banyak para pelaku usaha terdorong untuk ikut mengembangkan bisnisnya. Selain kualitas rasa dari makanan mereka juga memperhatikan gaya bagunan dan interior tempat usahanya. Desain interior merupakan kegiatan merencanakan, menata dan merancang ruang dalam bangunan. Green design merupakan sebagai salah satu bentuk penerapan konsep pembangunan secara terus-menerus yang ramah lingkungan dan merupakan salah satu wujud peduli masyarakat untuk turun langsung memperdulikan lingkungannya. Kota Medan merupakan Kota terbesar ke-3 di Indonesia dan banyaknya tempat kuliner. Salah satu tempat publik usaha kuliner berada di Kota Medan yang mengusung konsep green design adalah Fore Coffee. Fore Coffee merupakan sebuah startup kopi retail menyajikan high quality cofee serta menyediakan tempat yang berkonsep green design untuk para pelanggannya dan sudah berdiri sejak tahun 2018. Gaya desain interior dengan suasana yang terkesan peduli lingkungan, disebut juga dengan istilah green design atau eco design. Green design awalnya dikenal dengan gaya natural. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam hal peninjauan konsep green design yaitu menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dengan melakukan kegiatan Observasi, Wawancara dan Studi Dokumentasi.
CAUSAL BLAME
Authors: Chislenko Eugene 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We blame faulty brakes for a car crash, or rain for our bad mood. I argue that such “merely causal” blame is crucial for understanding interpersonal blame. The two are often difficult to distinguish, in a way that plagues philosophical discussions of blame. And interpersonal blame is distinctive, partly in its causal focus: its attention to a person as cause. Causal focus helps explain several central characteristics of interpersonal blame: its tendency to exaggerate a person’s causal role, its weakening through attention to personal history or thoughts about determinism, its characteristic “force” or “sting,” and our sense that blame is often harmful or unfair.
THE STANDARD OF CORRECTNESS AND THE ONTOLOGY OF DEPICTION
Authors: Terrone Enrico 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper develops Richard Wollheim’s claim that the proper appreciation of a picture involves not only enjoying a seeing-in experience but also abiding by a standard of correctness. While scholars have so far focused on what fixes the standard, thereby discussing the alternative between intentions and causal mechanisms, the paper focuses on what the standard does, that is, establishing which kinds, individuals, features, and standpoints are relevant to the understanding of pictures. It is argued that, while standards concerning kinds, individuals and features can be relevant also to ordinary perception, standards concerning standpoints are specific to pictorial experience. Drawing on all this, the paper proposes an ontology of depiction according to which a picture is constituted by both its visual appearance and its standard of correctness.
Prevalence of mandibular asymmetry in different skeletal sagittal patterns:
Authors: Evangelista Karine , Teodoro Ana Beatriz , Bianchi Jonas , Cevidanes Lucia Helena Soares , de Oliveira Ruellas Antônio Carlos , Silva Maria Alves Garcia , Valladares-Neto José 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo analyze the prevalence of mandibular asymmetry in skeletal sagittal malocclusions.Materials and MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, LIVIVO and gray literature (OpenGrey, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) were electronically searched. Two independent investigators selected the eligible studies, and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence (GRADE). One reviewer independently extracted the data and the second reviewer checked this information. Any disagreement between the reviewers in each phase was resolved by discussion between them and/or involved a third reviewer for final decision.ResultsElectronic search identified 5,132 studies, and 5 observational studies were included. Risk of bias was low in two studies, moderate in one, and high in two. The studies showed high heterogeneity. Mandibular asymmetry ranged from 17.43% to 72.95% in overall samples. Horizontal chin deviation showed a prevalence of 17.66% to 55.6% asymmetry in Class I malocclusions, and 68.98% in vertical asymmetry index. In Class II patients, prevalence of mandibular asymmetry varied from 10% to 25.5% in horizontal chin deviation, and 71.7% in vertical asymmetry index. The Class III sample showed a prevalence of mandibular asymmetry ranging from 22.93% to 78% in horizontal chin deviation and 80.4% in vertical asymmetry index. Patients seeking orthodontic or orthognathic surgery treatment showed greater prevalence of mandibular asymmetry.ConclusionsSkeletal Class III malocclusion showed the greatest prevalence of mandibular asymmetry. Mandibular vertical asymmetry showed a marked prevalence in all malocclusions. However, conclusions should be interpreted with caution due to use of convenience samples and low-quality study outcomes.
El management estratégico como tecnología de conducción de vida
Authors: Mas Fernando Francisco 
Published: September 2021

Este artículo desarrolla una genealogía del management de empresas para definir metodológicamente la corriente estratégica en términos de una tecnología de conducción de vida de la racionalidad empresarial. A tal efecto, nos valdremos del estudio que Michel Foucault realizó del neoliberalismo, pero haciendo dialogar sus colaboraciones sobre “gubernamentalidad” con las de “conducción de vida” de Max Weber. De manera complementaria al estudio foucaultiano, presentaremos un análisis sociológico, histórico y reflexivo del proceso de racionalización del management estratégico que tuvo lugar desde mediados del siglo pasado. Con esto buscamos explicar cómo el principio neoliberal de la competencia fue reformulado por la estrategia empresarial en el sentido de competitividad, con lo que asumió el rol de principio central de la tecnología del management contemporáneo.
Platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention in complex higher-risk patients
Authors: Viscusi Michele M. , Mangiacapra Fabio , Bressi Edoardo , Sticchi Alessandro , Colaiori Iginio , Capuano Marialessia , Ricottini Elisabetta , Cavallari Ilaria , Spoto Silvia , Di Sciascio Germano , Ussia Gian Paolo , Grigioni Francesco 
Published: September 2021

Aims.
To investigate the levels of platelet reactivity and the impact of high platelet reactivity (HPR) on long-term clinical outcomes of complex higher-risk and indicated patients (CHIP) with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods.
We enrolled 500 patients undergoing elective PCI for stable CAD and treated with aspirin and clopidogrel. Patients were divided into four groups based on the presence of CHIP features and HPR. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse clinical events (MACE) at 5 years.

Results.
The prevalence of HPR was significantly greater in the CHIP population rather than non-CHIP patients (39.9% vs 29.8%, P = 0.021). Patients with both CHIP features and HPR showed the highest estimates of MACE (22.1%, log-rank P = 0.047). At Cox proportional hazard analysis, the combination of CHIP features and HPR was an independent predictor of MACE (hazard ratio 2.57, 95% confidence interval 1.30–5.05, P = 0.006).

Conclusion.
Among patients with stable CAD undergoing elective PCI and treated with aspirin and clopidogrel, the combination of CHIP features and HPR identifies a cohort of patients with the highest risk of MACE at 5 years, who might benefit from more potent antiplatelet strategies.
Application of machine learning algorithm for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy†
Authors: Wei Li-Li , Pan Yue-Shuai , Zhang Yan , Chen Kai , Wang Hao-Yu , Wang Jing-Yuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To study the application of a machine learning algorithm for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy.

Methods
This study identified indicators related to GDM through a literature review and expert discussion. Pregnant women who had attended medical institutions for an antenatal examination from November 2017 to August 2018 were selected for analysis, and the collected indicators were retrospectively analyzed. Based on Python, the indicators were classified and modeled using a random forest regression algorithm, and the performance of the prediction model was analyzed.

Results
We obtained 4806 analyzable data from 1625 pregnant women. Among these, 3265 samples with all 67 indicators were used to establish data set F1; 4806 samples with 38 identical indicators were used to establish data set F2. Each of F1 and F2 was used for training the random forest algorithm. The overall predictive accuracy of the F1 model was 93.10%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.66, and the predictive accuracy of GDM-positive cases was 37.10%. The corresponding values for the F2 model were 88.70%, 0.87, and 79.44%. The results thus showed that the F2 prediction model performed better than the F1 model. To explore the impact of sacrificial indicators on GDM prediction, the F3 data set was established using 3265 samples (F1) with 38 indicators (F2). After training, the overall predictive accuracy of the F3 model was 91.60%, AUC was 0.58, and the predictive accuracy of positive cases was 15.85%.

Conclusions
In this study, a model for predicting GDM with several input variables (e.g., physical examination, past history, personal history, family history, and laboratory indicators) was established using a random forest regression algorithm. The trained prediction model exhibited a good performance and is valuable as a reference for predicting GDM in women at an early stage of pregnancy. In addition, there are certain requirements for the proportions of negative and positive cases in sample data sets when the random forest algorithm is applied to the early prediction of GDM.
РОЛЬ УЧИТЕЛЯ У НАВЧАННІ УЧНІВ КАЛІГРАФІЧНОГО ПИСЬМА
Authors: Луців Світлана 
Published: September 2021

У статті з’ясовано та доведено важливість роботи вчителя під час формування каліграфічного письма в учнів початкової школи; доведено, що у початковій школі навчання з каліграфії проводиться на кожному уроці, зміст занять з каліграфії визначено тематикою уроку з української мови; обґрунтовано, що на уроках української мови учні початкової школи вправляються у розвитку окоміру, написанні букв за порядком ускладнення їх; визначено, що допомога вчителя має бути своєчасною і постійною під час формування каліграфічних навичок молодших школярів; педагог має зосередити увагу учня на тому, що гірше засвоюється, стимулювати самоконтроль, визначати систему вправ, які проводилися б систематично, аж поки не буде сформовано відповідний рівень навички письма.