bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distance to available services for newborns at facilities in Malawi: A secondary analysis of survey and health facility data
Authors: Peven Kimberly , Taylor Cath , Purssell Edward , Mallick Lindsay , Burgert-Brucker Clara R. , Day Louise T. , Wong Kerry L. M. , Kambala Christabel , Bick Debra 
Published: July 2021

Background
Malawi has halved the neonatal mortality rate between 1990–2018, however, is not on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 12 per 1,000 live births. Despite a high facility birth rate (91%), mother-newborn dyads may not remain in facilities long enough to receive recommended care and quality of care improvements are needed to reach global targets. Physical access and distance to health facilities remain barriers to quality postnatal care.

Methods
Using data We used individual data from the 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey and facility data from the 2013–14 Malawi Service Provision Assessment, linking households to all health facilities within specified distances and travel times. We calculated service readiness scores for facilities to measure their capacity to provide birth/newborn care services. We fitted multi-level regression models to evaluate the association between the service readiness and appropriate newborn care (receiving at least five of six interventions).

Results
Households with recent births (n = 6010) linked to a median of two birth facilities within 5–10 km and one facility within a two-hour walk. The maximum service environment scores for linked facilities median was 77.5 for facilities within 5–10 km and 75.5 for facilities within a two-hour walk. While linking to one or more facilities within 5-10km or a two-hour walk was not associated with appropriate newborn care, higher levels of service readiness in nearby facilities was associated with an increased risk of appropriate newborn care.

Conclusions
Women’s choice of nearby facilities and quality facilities is limited. High quality newborn care is sub-optimal despite high coverage of facility birth and some newborn care interventions. While we did not find proximity to more facilities was associated with increased risk of appropriate care, high levels of service readiness was, showing facility birth and improved access to well-prepared facilities are important for improving newborn care.
“In my age, we didn’t have the computers”: Using a complexity lens to understand uptake of diabetes eHealth innovations into primary care—A qualitative study
Authors: Yu Catherine H. , McCann Maggie , Sale Joanna 
Published: July 2021

Background
Shared decision-making is a central component of person-centred care and can be facilitated with the use of patient decision aids (PtDA). Barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making and PtDA use have been identified, yet integration of PtDAs into clinical care is limited. We sought to understand why, using the concepts of complexity science.

Methods
We conducted 60-minute in-depth interviews with patients with diabetes, primary care physicians, nurses and dietitians who had participated in a randomized controlled trial examining the impact of MyDiabetesPlan (an online goal-setting PtDA). Relying on a qualitative description approach, we used a semi-structured interview guide to explore participants’ experiences with using MyDiabetesPlan and how it was integrated into the clinical encounter and clinical care. Audiotapes were transcribed verbatim, then coded independently by two analysts.

Findings
17 interviews were conducted (5 physicians, 3 nurses, 2 dietitians, 7 patients). Two themes were developed: (1) MyDiabetesPlan appeared to empower patients by providing tailored patient-important information which engaged them in decision-making and self-care. Patients’ use of MyDiabetesPlan was however impacted by their competing medical conditions, other life priorities and socioeconomic context. (2) MyDiabetesPlan emphasized to clinicians a patient-centred approach that helped patients assume greater ownership for their care. Clinicians’ use of MyDiabetesPlan was impacted by pre-existing clinical tools/workplans, workflow, technical issues, clinic administrative logistics and support, and time. How clinicians adapted to these barriers influenced the degree to which MyDiabetesPlan was integrated into care.

Conclusions
A complexity lens (that considers relationships between multiple components of a complex system) may yield additional insights to optimize integration of PtDA into clinical care. A complexity lens recognizes that shared decision-making does not occur in the vacuum of a clinical dyad (patient and clinician), and will enable us to develop a family of interventions that address the whole process, rather than individual components.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02379078.
Assessment of the preventive effects of Nd:YAG laser associated with fluoride on enamel caries using optical coherence tomography and FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Dias-Moraes Marcia Cristina , Castro Pedro Arthur Augusto , Pereira Daísa Lima , Ana Patrícia Aparecida , Freitas Anderson Zanardi , Zezell Denise Maria 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThisin vitrostudy characterized and monitored, by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the effects of the association of acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF-gel) and Nd:YAG (neodymiun:yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser, as sequencial treatments, in the prevention of incipient enamel caries lesions.Methods120 human enamel samples were randomized into 3 groups (n = 40): APF-gel (1.23% F-, 4 min.); Laser+APF (Nd:YAG laser irradiation—0.6W, 84.9J/cm2, 10Hz, followed by APF-gel); and APF+Laser (APF-gel followed by laser irradiation). The samples were subjected to a 15-day pH-cycling, evaluated by OCT (quantification of optical attenuation coefficient–OAC) and FTIR (analysis of carbonate and phosphate content) before treatments, after treatments, and on the 5th, 10thand 15thdays of pH-cycling. The statistical analysis was performed (α = 5%).ResultsThe Optical Attenuation Coefficient (OAC) assessed by OCT increases with the progression of demineralization, and the Laser+APF presented the highest values of OAC in 10thand 15thdays of pH-cycling. Nd:YAG decreased the carbonate content after treatment regardless of the application order of the APF-gel, while APF-gel did not interfere in the composition of enamel. The carbonate content was also changed in the first 5 days of the pH-cycling in all groups.ConclusionNd:YAG laser irradiation before or after the application of APF-gel did not influence the appearance of incipient caries lesions, showing no synergistic effect. Regardless of the application order of the APF-gel, laser irradiation reduces the carbonate content of the enamel, which also changes during the demineralization process. However, irradiation before the application of APF-gel increased the speed of progression of the lesions, which positively impacts public health as it can prevent caries disease, even in high risk individuals. OCT and FTIR are suitable for assessing this effect.
High-resolution genotyping of Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) strains of Chlamydia trachomatis in London using multi-locus VNTR analysis-ompA genotyping (MLVA-ompA)
Authors: Manning Chloe , O’Neill Colette , Clarke Ian N. , Rebec Monica , Cliff Penelope R. , Marsh Peter 
Published: July 2021

Background
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis strains with ompA genotypes L1 to L3. An LGV epidemic associated with the L2b genotype has emerged in the past few decades amongst men who have sex with men (MSM). C. trachomatis genotypes can be discriminated by outer membrane protein A gene (ompA) sequencing, however this method has limited resolution. This study employed a high-resolution genotyping method, namely, multi-locus tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis with ompA sequencing (MLVA-ompA), to assess the distribution of LGV MLVA-ompA genotypes amongst individuals attending genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics in London.

Methods
Clinical specimens were collected from individuals attending eight London-based GUM clinics. Specimens that tested positive for C. trachomatis by commercial nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) were confirmed as LGV by pmpH real-time PCR. LGV-positive DNA extracts were subsequently genotyped using MLVA-ompA.

Results
Two hundred and thirty DNA extracts were confirmed as LGV, and 162 (70%) yielded complete MLVA-ompA genotypes. Six LGV MLVA-ompA genotypes were identified: 1.9.2b-L2, 1.9.3b-L2b, 1.9.2b-L2b, 1.9.2b-L2b/D, 1.4a.2b-L2b, and 5.9.2b-L1. The following LGV ompA genotypes were identified (in descending order of abundance): L2, L2b, L2b/D, and L1. Eight ompA sequences with the hybrid L2b/D profile were detected. The hybrid sequence was identical to the ompA of a recombinant L2b/D strain detected in Portugal in 2017.

Conclusions
The L2 ompA genotype was found to predominate in the London study population. The study detected an unusual hybrid L2b/D ompA profile that was previously reported in Portugal. We recommend further monitoring and surveillance of LGV strains within the UK population.
Decreased clot burden is associated with factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism and better functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Szegedi István , Orbán-Kálmándi Rita , Nagy Attila , Sarkady Ferenc , Vasas Nikolett , Sik Máté , Lánczi Levente István , Berényi Ervin , Oláh László , Crișan Alexandra , Csiba László , Bagoly Zsuzsa 
Published: July 2021

Background
Intravenous thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains the mainstay treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), although endovascular treatment is becoming standard of care in case of large vessel occlusions (LVO). To quantify the thrombus burden in LVO, a semiquantitative CT angiography (CTA) grading system, the clot burden score (CBS) can be used. Here we aimed to study the association between CBS and various hemostasis parameters, and to evaluate which parameters are major determinants of thrombolysis outcome.

Methods
In this single-centered prospective observational case-control study, 200 anterior circulation AIS patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis treatment without thrombectomy were enrolled: 100 AIS patients with LVO (CBS 0–9) and 100 age- and sex-matched AIS patients without LVO (CBS 10). Fibrinogen, α2-plasmin inhibitor, plasminogen, factor XIII and D-dimer were assessed from blood samples taken before and 24 h after thrombolysis, and FXIII-A Val34Leu was genotyped. CBS was calculated using admission CTA. Short-term outcomes were defined based on the change in NIHSS by day 7, long-term outcomes were assessed according to the modified Rankin scale at 3 months post-event.

Results
Poor outcomes were significantly more frequent in the CBS 0–9 group. Plasminogen activity on admission was significantly higher in the CBS 0–9 group. In a univariate analysis, significant protective effect of the Leu34 allele against developing larger clots (CBS 0–9) could be demonstrated (OR:0.519; 95%CI:0.298–0.922, p = 0.0227). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that CBS is an independent predictor of short- and long-term functional outcomes, while such effect of the studied hemostasis parameters could not be demonstrated.

Conclusions
CBS was found to be a significant independent predictor of thrombolysis outcomes. FXIII-A Leu34 carrier status was associated with smaller thrombus burden, which is consistent with the in vitro described whole blood clot mass reducing effects of the allele, but the polymorphism had no effect on thrombolysis outcomes.
Cap-Assisted Endoscopic Septotomy of Zenker's Diverticulum: Early and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Repici Alessandro , Cappello Annalisa , Spadaccini Marco , Nicoletti Rosangela , Carrara Silvia , Fugazza Alessandro , Galtieri Piera Alessia , Lamonaca Laura , Romana Chiara , Badalamenti Matteo , Di Leo Milena , Pellegatta Gaia , Ferrara Elisa Chiara , Anderloni Andrea , Maselli Roberta 
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Multiple therapeutic modalities including surgery and rigid and flexible endoscopy have been adopted to manage Zenker's diverticulum (ZD). Minimally invasive flexible endoscopic septotomy (FES) techniques have been increasingly favored over the past 20 years; however, long-term data are still scanty. The aim of this study is to evaluate early and long-term outcomes of FES for naive ZD in a single-center setting.

METHODS:
From 2010 to 2017, ZD patients treated with FES were included in a prospectively maintained database (NCT03948438). Those who had already been treated surgically or endoscopically were excluded from the analysis. The Dakkak and Bennett dysphagia scale was used to rate the dysphagia. Persistent complete or near-complete resolution of symptoms (Dakkak and Bennett 0 or 1) was defined as clinical success. Postprocedural adverse events were reported according to ASGE lexicon.

RESULTS:
Overall, 256 consecutive patients were treated. Mean pouch size was 29.8 ± 11.3 mm. The procedure was successfully completed in all scheduled patients, with an early clinical success of 96.1%. Adverse events occurred in 3.5% (9/256) of patients. Eight of them were mild/moderate with no fatal events, whereas one patient required surgery. Recurrences occurred in 31.3% (80/256) of treated patients after a mean time of 9 ± 3 months and 95% of recurrences were treated by a second FES. At an average follow-up of 5.5 years, 95.3% of patients were asymptomatic after a mean number of 1.3 procedures.

DISCUSSION:
FES is a safe and effective treatment modality for patients with ZD. Recurrence rate is significant; however, endoscopic reintervention is associated with long-term relief of dysphagia.
Обоснования принятия решений будущими российскими юристами в условиях ценностно-нормативной неопределенности: aequĭtas sequĭtur legem?
Authors: Ушкин Сергей Геннадьевич , Коваль Екатерина Александровна 
Published: July 2021

Профессиональная карьера зависит от ряда факторов объективного и субъективного характера. К последним, в частности, относятся ценностно-нормативные ориентации личности, характеризующие мировоззрение, уровень правовой культуры, моральное сознание. Они не только указывают на личностные особенности профессионалов, но и обладают прогностическим потенциалом для выявления установок на обоснование решений в условиях ценностно-нормативной неопределенности.
Особую ценность представляет исследование обоснования принятия решений теми, кто имеет возможность оперировать нормами, регулирующими отдельные социальные практики и общественные отношения в целом. Такими возможностями обладают представители юридических профессий, специализирующиеся в области нормотворчества и нормоприменения, то есть во многом определяющие ценностно-нормативную структуру общественного устройства. Изучение способов обоснования принятия решений в условиях ценностно-нормативной неопределенности профессионалами или будущими профессионалами позволяет в некоторой степени конкретизировать содержание представлений о социальной справедливости и действующих социальных нормах, а также оценку последних респондентами с точки зрения соотношения закона и справедливости.
С этой целью было проведено авторское социологическое исследование обучающихся на базе филиалов Всероссийского государственного университета юстиции (РПА Минюста России), расположенных в восьми российских городах — Ижевске, Казани, Калуге, Петрозаводске, Саранске, Санкт-Петербурге, Туле и Хабаровске. Всего опрошен 421 человек, по 10% от общей численности студентов очной формы обучения в каждом филиале, квотированных по полу и возрасту. Там, где было возможно, результаты сопоставлены с результатами исследования, проведенного по сходной методике в 2016 г. (N = 374).
Результаты исследования показали значимость проблемы соотношения закона и справедливости в представлениях студентов юридических специальностей и направлений подготовки. Выделено четыре модели: утилитаристская, либеральная, социалистическая и фаталистская. Выбор модели во многом определяет отношение к социальным практикам, которые проблематизируются в общественном сознании и воспринимаются или как ненормативные, или как неоднозначные.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект № 19-011-00082).
An integrated review on machine learning approaches for heart disease prediction: Direction towards future research gaps
Authors: Vellameeran Fathima Aliyar , Brindha Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To make a clear literature review on state-of-the-art heart disease prediction models.

Methods
It reviews 61 research papers and states the significant analysis. Initially, the analysis addresses the contributions of each literature works and observes the simulation environment. Here, different types of machine learning algorithms deployed in each contribution. In addition, the utilized dataset for existing heart disease prediction models was observed.

Results
The performance measures computed in entire papers like prediction accuracy, prediction error, specificity, sensitivity, f-measure, etc., are learned. Further, the best performance is also checked to confirm the effectiveness of entire contributions.

Conclusions
The comprehensive research challenges and the gap are portrayed based on the development of intelligent methods concerning the unresolved challenges in heart disease prediction using data mining techniques.
Evidence-based Human and Social Sciences: Forschungsunterstützung durch systematische Literaturrecherche in den Human- und Sozialwissenschaften
Authors: Ledl Andreas 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel möchte für die wachsende Bedeutung von systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten in den Human- und Sozialwissenschaften und die diversen Möglichkeiten der Unterstützung solcher Studien von bibliothekarischer Seite sensibilisieren. Er schildert die Entwicklung systematischer Übersichtsarbeiten in den letzten zehn Jahren, analysiert, welche Rollen dabei Fachreferent*innen bzw. Information Specialists zufallen können und gibt Empfehlungen, welchen konkreten Beitrag die Berufsgruppe der wissenschaftlichen Bibliothekar*innen für solche Forschungsprojekte leisten kann.
Nationwide implementation of media literacy training sessions on internet safety
Authors: Tiemann Aline , Melzer André , Steffgen Georges 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although numerous media literacy training sessions on internet safety for children and adolescents have been conducted, their number contrasts sharply with the few systematic studies on their effectiveness. In this study, we describe the evaluation of nationwide-implemented training sessions on internet safety in Luxembourg, which included perceptions of learning outcomes and evaluations of implementation and effectiveness. Training data from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed, including 28,060 students and 5,031 teachers. Students reported pronounced learning effects, especially for younger students and for repeated training participation. Teachers greatly appreciated the implementation and effectiveness, which generally increased over the years. The perceived effectiveness of the training was significantly related to teachers’ planning to cover internet safety topics in future lessons. The present study shows that carefully planned and continuously evaluated training sessions on internet safety successfully support children’s understanding and teachers’ willingness to implement internet safety in their curriculum.
Phyllody in sunflowers; 44 years to explain the appearance of aberrant flowers
Authors: Alonso Luis Carlos 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Phyllody in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) is characterized by the appearance of bracts and ray flowers in the centre of the heads. It has been discussed for decades among the sunflower plant breeders and experts without a clear “unique” explanation for it. The erratic appearance of the phenomena has led to consider it either a disease or hybrid defect and the plants with Phyllody as off-types, raising several farmers claims to seed producers. However, the auxins gradient, in the growing Asteraceae heads, determines the differentiation pathway of the undifferentiated cells. i.e., bracts and ray flowers at the border and disk flowers in the centre of the head. Disruption of the natural auxin gradient alters the cell differentiation in the growing heads and causes bracts and ray flowers to grow where only disk flowers should grow. The disruption of the natural head bottom auxin gradients may be caused by small injures in the fast-growing head receptacle. The most common causes of Phyllody are hormonal herbicide damage and Boron (B) deficiency, even temporary. Plants growing with B deficiency have brittle cell wall and membranes while a plant with high B levels produces plastic or elastic cell wall and membranes. Brittle cell walls are susceptible to breaks during growth. Sunflowers genotypes may react to crack or small damages in the sunflower bud in two ways. Some tend to repair the damages by regrowing new organs such as ligules or bracts and forming Phyllody. Others do not regrow and only heal the wound creating the funnel hole head shape.
Micro-Injection Molding of Polymer Nanocomposites Composition-Process-Properties Relationship
Authors: Dekel Z. , Kenig S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The mechanical, electrical, thermal, and rheological properties of micro injection molded nanocomposites comprising 2% and 5% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) incorporated in polycarbonate (PC), and polyamide 66 (PA) were studied. The design of experiments method was used to investigate the composition-process – properties relationship. Results indicated that the process variables significantly affected the flow patterns and resulting morphology during the filling stage of the microinjection molding (lIM) process, using 0.45 mm diameter lIM samples. Two distinct flow regimes have been identified in lIM using the low cross-section samples. The first was a conventional “fountain flow,” which resulted in a skin/core structure and reduced volume resistivity up to 10 X cm in the case of 5% CNTs and up to 100 X cm in 2% CNTs, in both polymers, respectively. In addition, inferior mechanical properties were obtained, attributed to polymer degradation under high shear rate conditions, when practicing high injection speeds, high mold temperatures, and high screw rotation velocities. The second was a “plug flow” due to wall slippage, obtained under low injection speeds, low mold temperatures, and low rotation velocities, leading to a substantial increase in modulus of elasticity (60%) with increased electrical resistivity up to 103 X cm for 5% CNTs and 105 X cm for 2% CNTs, respectively. The rheological percolation threshold was obtained at 2% CNTs while the electrical threshold was attained at 0.4% CNTs, in both polymers. It was concluded that in lIM, the process conditions should be closely monitored. In the case of high viscous heating, degradation of mechanical properties was obtained, while skin- core morphology formation enhanced electrical conductivity.