bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV‐1 proviral landscape characterization varies by pipeline analysis
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda A , He Qianjing , Banning Stephanie , Roberts‐Sano Olivia , Wilkins Olivia , Kuritzkes Daniel R. , Tsibris Athe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionHIV rebounds after cessation of antiretroviral therapy, representing a barrier to cure. To better understand the virus reservoir, analysis pipelines have been developed that categorize proviral sequences as intact or defective, and further determine the precise nature of the sequence defects that may be present. We investigated the effects that different analysis pipelines had on the characterization of HIV‐1 proviral sequences.MethodsWe used single genome amplification to generate near full‐length (NFL) HIV‐1 proviral DNA sequences, defined as amplicons greater than 8000 base pairs in length, isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of treated suppressed participants with HIV‐1. Amplicons underwent direct next‐generation single genome sequencing and were analysed using four HIV‐1 proviral characterization pipelines. Sequences were characterized as intact or defective; defective sequences were assessed for the number and types of defects present. To confirm and extend our findings, 691 proviruses from the Proviral Sequence Database (PSD) were analysed and the ProSeq‐IT tool of the PSD was used to characterize both the participant and PSD proviruses.Results and discussionVirus sequences derived from thirteen ART‐treated virologically suppressed participants with HIV were studied. A total of 693 HIV‐1 proviral sequences were generated, 282 of which were NFL. An average of 53 sequences per participant was analysed. We found that proviruses often harbour multiple sequence defect types (mean 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5, 3.0); the elimination order used by each pipeline affected the percentage of proviruses allotted into each defect category. These differences varied between participants, depending on the number of defect categories present in a given provirus sequence. Pipeline‐specific differences in characterizing the HIV‐1 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) led to an overestimation of the number of intact NFL proviral sequences, a finding corroborated in the independent PSD analysis. A comparison of the four published pipelines to ProSeq‐IT found that ProSeq IT was more likely to characterize proviruses as intact.ConclusionsThe choice of pipeline used for HIV‐1 provirus landscape analysis may bias the classification of defective sequences. To improve the comparison of provirus characterizations across research groups, the development of a consensus elimination pipeline should be prioritized.
Uncharted waters of justice enactment—Venturing into the social complexity of doing justice in organizations
Authors: Diehl Marjo‐Riitta , Bell Chris M. , Fortin Marion , Gollwitzer Mario , Melkonian Tessa 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis Special Issue on “Justice enactment ‐ research on doing justice in organizations” was developed to address questions relating to the prerequisites and conditions for and processes and outcomes of doing and enacting justice in organizations. In this editorial, we briefly introduce the collection of the seven empirical papers included in this Special Issue, thereby providing an overview of the recent progress in the field. We also identify key aspects and gaps in the literature in order to guide future efforts to move the research in the field forward and to create more just workplaces.
Too little and too much authority sharing: Differential relationships with psychological empowerment and in‐role and extra‐role performance
Authors: Richardson Hettie A. , Kluemper Donald H. , Taylor Shannon G. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryConsultation and delegation are essential behaviors by which leaders share authority with employees, and they historically are expected to positively influence employees' psychological empowerment and produce desirable behaviors. This study builds on notions of “rhetorical” versus “deep” authority sharing (Biron & Bamberger, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.540150) and the too‐much‐of‐a‐good‐thing framework (Pierce & Aguinis, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311410060) to challenge these conventional expectations. Despite the tendency of extant empowerment research to treat consultation and delegation as interchangeable, we propose that differences (a) in the nature and amount of authority that each devolves to employees and (b) in the scope of decisions with which they are used (i.e., job‐focused and job‐spanning) lead to differential relationships with psychological empowerment that are in turn transmitted to employee behaviors. Results from two studies indicate that the indirect (via psychological empowerment) effects of consultation and delegation on in‐role performance and extra‐role behavior can range from negative to positive to curvilinear, depending on whether employees are consulted about or delegated job‐focused or job‐spanning decisions. Highlighting the need for nuanced approaches to understanding authority sharing as part of the empowerment process, our work begins to identify both positive and negative inflection points at which authority sharing becomes either too little or too much to induce desired outcomes.
Leadership mindset and the fall of once giant family‐run textile exporting businesses
Authors: Qureshi Jawaid A. , Shaikh Abdul Manan , Seaman Claire 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPakistan's textile sector has played an important role in the country's economy and has attracted investment from local and foreign investors. The purpose of this paper is to examine the reasons behind the failure of three top, family‐owned, textile exporting businesses in Karachi. Little is known about family firms' decision‐making processes and strategy formulation in the context of emerging economies. Using qualitative techniques including phenomenology, grounded theory, and multiple case design methods, the study highlights the role of leadership and strategy in their decline. It identifies five internal factors that led these businesses to bankruptcy: “Seth” management styles and policies (an indigenous term for owners of big businesses in South Asia, particularly India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh); the firm's culture, politics, and internal conflicts; the working conditions and human resource policies; the management of financial portfolios; and operational issues related to technology, operations, and marketing. The article concludes with some observations concerning the challenges facing family‐run businesses in such settings.
Crystallization kinetics of Cu–Zr–Al bulk metallic glass with Nd addition
Authors: Yang Ke , Bing Li , Yanhong Li , Xin Wang , Xinhui Fan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe crystallization kinetics of (Cu48Zr48Al4)100−xNdx (x = 0, 2 at.%) bulk metallic glasses in nonisothermal and isothermal conditions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). XRD analysis shows that the crystallization product Cu10Zr7 changes to Cu10Zr7 and Cu2Nd with Nd presence in nonisothermal and isothermal conditions. Crystallization activation energy was calculated in nonisothermal conditions using Kissinger and Ozawa methods and in isothermal conditions using Arrhenius model. The results show that the activation energy harbored by (Cu48Zr48Al4)98Nd2 expresses larger value compared with Cu48Zr48Al4, which indicate that the energy barrier for crystallization has enhanced along the Nd addition. The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami model was employed for analyzing the crystallization kinetics in isothermal condition. The Avrami exponent n for Cu48Zr48Al4 is more than 2.5, demonstrating that the crystallization is mainly governed by diffusion‐controlled three‐dimensional growth with increasing nucleation rate. Comparably, the Avrami exponent n for (Cu48Zr48Al4)98Nd2 is 1.5 < n < 2.5, suggesting that the crystallization is mainly determined by diffusion‐controlled three‐dimensional growth with decreasing nucleation rate. The evident enhancement in crystallization activation energy based on Nd addition is rationally made up of an influential factor commonly harbored on the enhanced glass forming ability for the rare‐earth comprising Cu–Zr–Al metallic glasses.
Scholarly journal publishing standards, policies and guidelines
Authors: Ndungu Miriam Wanjiku 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is easy to launch and run a journal but, more difficult to ensure that it adheres to best practices and provides a sustainable, secure, validated and respected venue for research. On launching a new journal, it is vital that the publisher and editors create suitable policies, technical systems and procedures before the inaugural call for papers is sent out. This article reviews the plethora of guidance that is available but scattered across multiple websites and draws together the key issues required by any new journal. The key areas considered are: journal and article identifiers; ethical and practical policies; technical decisions and considerations; systems for submission, publication and archiving; and promotion and marketing. The article provides a snapshot of the issues that all new publishers and editors need to consider.
Immunization calculation engine: An open source immunization evaluation and forecasting system
Authors: Arzt Noam H. , Chertcoff Daryl , Nicolary Samuel , Suralik Michael , Berry Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe immunization calculation engine (ICE) is a free, open‐source immunization forecasting evaluation and software system whose default immunization schedule supports all routine childhood, adolescent, and adult immunizations based on the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). ICE utilizes its immunization rules and patient data to evaluate and return the validity of each immunization in the patient's history along with one or more evaluation reasons. It also returns a recommendation for each vaccine group along with one or more recommendation reasons.MethodsIn January 2020, ICE was first released as a Docker image along with the traditional zip archive file which had been used up to that point. Docker enables software providers to easily distribute their software so that it can be run “out of the box” in the user's local environment. Software running in Docker containers drastically reduces the complexity of software distribution and set up.ResultsClinical systems of many types use ICE. The project began within the public health arena as a feature of Immunization Information Systems (IIS), but electronic health records (EHR) and personal health records (PHR) have also deployed ICE. While it is not possible to identify the specific impact of ICE on clinical care without additional research, it should be pointed out that once deployed within an IIS, EHR, or PHR the display of ICE results is performed for every patient viewed by a user and often for every patient appearing on a report. In a typical month, thousands if not millions of evaluations and forecasts are performed by ICE and displayed to the users.ConclusionsThe ICE Project believes in minimizing the barriers to installing and using ICE anywhere. To that end, there is no registration required to download the source code or runtime code for the ICE service and its default rule. Similarly, the Project created a Docker image of ICE to facilitate easy and seamless implementation.
Levodopa‐Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Reduces Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease in a Randomized Trial
Authors: Freire‐Alvarez Eric , Kurča Egon , Lopez Manzanares Lydia , Pekkonen Eero , Spanaki Cleanthe , Vanni Paola , Liu Yang , Sánchez‐Soliño Olga , Barbato Luigi M. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are limited data regarding the effectiveness of levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) for dyskinesia.ObjectiveCompare the effectiveness of LCIG versus oral optimized medical treatment (OMT) for dyskinesia in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) using the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS).MethodsThis phase 3b, open‐label, multicenter, 12‐week, interventional study (NCT02799381) randomized 63 LCIG naïve patients with advanced PD (UDysRS ≥30) to LCIG (N = 30) or OMT (N = 33) treatment. Dyskinesia impact was assessed at baseline through week 12 using the UDysRS. PD‐related motor and non‐motor symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) were also assessed.ResultsDyskinesias measured by UDysRS were significantly reduced in the LCIG group (n = 24; −17.37 ± 2.79) compared with the OMT group (n = 26; −2.33 ± 2.56) after 12 weeks (−15.05 ± 3.20; 95% CI, −21.47 to −8.63; P < 0.0001). At week 12, LCIG versus OMT also demonstrated significant improvements in “On” time without troublesome dyskinesia (P = 0.0001), QoL (P < 0.0001), global impression of change (P < 0.0001), activities of daily living (P = 0.0006), and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III (P = 0.0762). Treatment‐emergent adverse events were reported in 27 (44.3%) patients (LCIG, 18 [64.3%]; OMT, 9 [27.3%]). Serious adverse events occurred in 2 (7.1%) LCIG‐treated patients.ConclusionsLCIG significantly reduced dyskinesia compared with OMT. LCIG showed efficacy for treatment of troublesome dyskinesia in patients with advanced PD while demonstrating benefits in both motor and non‐motor symptoms and QoL. © 2021 AbbVie Inc. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society
Compact planar multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna with pattern diversity based on the complementary theory
Authors: Xu Yizhen , Wen Sichao , Dong Yuandan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA three‐port planar multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system with pattern diversity based on the complementary theory is presented in this letter. Three directional antennas without any directors or reflectors are introduced as the radiating elements, which are rotationally symmetrical and sharing a small ground. The unilateral radiation pattern is achieved for each antenna element based on the complementary theory, where an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole are placed orthogonally and excited simultaneously. An inverted L‐shaped stub is used as the electric dipole. A capacitively loaded loop operated on the zeroth‐order resonant mode is applied as the equivalent magnetic dipole. The capacitive loading is realized with six periodical interdigital left‐handed series capacitors. Furthermore, a defected ground structure between each two ports is adopted to further improve the isolation. The operation mechanism of the proposed MIMO antenna is discussed and experimentally verified. The proposed MIMO antenna system has a measured fractional bandwidth of 7.2% (3.33–3.58 GHz) with |S11| < −10 dB. The port isolation is better than 15 dB and the envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.0234 in the operation band.
Plasmonic structure on a tapered optical fiber for application as a surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Trevisanutto Joshua O. , Das Gautam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA plasmonic structure using gold nanorods (GNRs) on the surface of a tapered fiber was developed. The structure was used to study the Raman spectra of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and zinc oxide (ZnO) adsorbed on the tapered optical fiber covered with the GNRs, respectively. The tapered optical fiber was manufactured by a dynamic etching process. The tapered fiber had a tip diameter in the nanometer range. The optical tweezing phenomenon was used to develop the plasmonic structure along the length of the tapered fiber surface. The density of GNRs varied as the diameter of the fiber in the tapered region changed. Raman spectra for R6G and ZnO were recorded and analyzed at different fiber locations with and without GNRs. We could obtain the SERS spectrum of a R6G solution of concentration 10−7 M using the developed substrate.
Patient's experiences of the barriers and facilitators to Methotrexate
Authors: Otón Teresa , Carmona Loreto , Andreu Jose Luis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the barriers and facilitators of adherence to methotrexate (MTX) in people with rheumatic diseases and to explore the experience of shared decision‐making.MethodsA qualitative study was carried out. People diagnosed with inflammatory arthritides or systemic autoimmune diseases and who were treated with MTX were invited to participate in focus groups. The discourse was coded and synthesised with a content analysis approach.ResultsThe groups included 12 representative patients (rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, taking either oral or subcutaneous MTX). Four main themes were identified: (1) drug‐related aspects (package insert, adverse events, administration, and difficulties with treatment); (2) patient‐physician relationship; (3) social environment (lack of visibility of rheumatic diseases and the support of patient associations); and (4) medication and medical care practicalities (information, reliable sources, and expanding knowledge in other health areas).ConclusionsAspects identified might help improve adherence, including quality information, especially on adverse events, the role of the setting, and shared decision‐making.
Synergistic effect of nanodiamond and titanium oxide nanoparticles on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of pitch‐derived carbon foam composites
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Tiehu Li , Zaidi Syed Basit Ali , Javed Elisha , Hussain Amjad , Hayat Asif , Zada Amir , Alei Dang , Ullah Azeem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTitanium oxide (TO)‐ and functionalized nanodiamond (FND)‐reinforced carbon foam (CF) composites were prepared by the direct pyrolysis of TO, FND and a mixture of mesophase coal tar pitch. The effects of TO and FND loadings on the microstructure and functional properties of the CF composites were studied. The obtained microstructures of the CF composites showed that both nanofillers have an influential role in the formation of porous morphology of CF. Moreover, the additive aspects of TO and FND were further studied in terms of mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. The results revealed that compressive strength increased up to 20.21 MPa, thermal conductivity was as high as 32.33 W m−1 K−1 at elevated temperature and electrical conductivity was 23.24 × 103 S m−1. The results show that FND particles are well appropriate to meliorate the fabrication of TO nanoparticles in CF to build up a solid connection between the nanoparticles and CF for the improvement of the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of CF composites. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Risk‐based decisions: Implementing the asset integrity program
Authors: Henao Felipe A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAt present, there exists a lot of interest in the applications of Process Safety Management (PSM) System in Oil & Gas Industry, and, in particular, in implementing an Asset Integrity Management Program, this paper is offering a Risk‐Based model approach, that help both facilities operations and maintenance crew to achieve their goals in terms of PSM in a rapid and well orientated manner.
Improved plant bioconcentration modeling of pesticides: The role of periderm dynamics
Authors: Xiao Shenglan , Li Zijian , Fantke Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a continuous need to advance pesticide plant uptake models in support of improving pest control and reducing human exposure to pesticide residues. The periderm of harvested root and tuber crops may affect pesticide uptake, but is usually not considered in plant uptake models. To quantify the influence of the periderm on pesticide uptake from soil into potatoes, we propose a model that includes an explicit periderm compartment in the soil–plant mass balance for pesticides.RESULTSOur model shows that the potato periderm acts as an active barrier to the uptake of lipophilic pesticides with high KOW, while it lets more lipophobic pesticides accumulate in the medulla (pulp). We estimated bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for over 700 pesticides and proposed parameterizations for including the effects of the periderm into a full plant uptake modeling framework. A sensitivity analysis shows that both the degradation half‐life inside the tuber and the lipophilicity drive the contributions of other aspects to the variability of BCFs, while highlighting distinct dynamics in the periderm and medulla compartments. Finally, we compare model estimates with measured data, showing that predictions agree with field observations for current‐use pesticides and some legacy pesticides frequently found in potatoes.CONCLUSIONConsidering the periderm improves the accuracy of quantifying pesticide uptake and bioconcentration in potatoes as input for optimizing pest control and minimizing human exposure to pesticide residues in edible crops.
Balancing local justice and spatial justice: Mobile outreach and refused asylum seekers
Authors: Pian Anaïk , Hoyez Anne‐Cécile 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article sheds light on the dynamics of mobile outreach practices, and is based on a field study of the ambulatory activities ofMédecins du Mondearound Strasbourg, France. Mobile teams act in a temporality of urgency and in the spatiality of the street. Roaming the city at regular intervals, they provide healthcare and social services to a target population that lives in the space of the street and is thus alienated from the general social and healthcare systems. Like other French cities, Strasbourg has seen an increase in asylum seekers as well as in migrants who have been refused asylum. Here, we examine the combination of the sociological notion of local justice and the geographical notion of spatial justice in the light of these changing populations. This doubled‐pronged approach allows us to more fully explore the interlocking social and spatial issues involved in the inevitably difficult choices and hard decisions inherent in mobile outreach.
Upward and downward atmospheric Kelvin waves over the Indian Ocean
Authors: Shaaban Ahmed A. , Roundy Paul E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStratospheric Kelvin waves are often understood as plane gravity waves, yet tropospheric Kelvin waves have been interpreted as a superposition between the baroclinic modes. Fourier filtering is used to decompose the ECMWF‐Interim reanalysis dynamical fields into upward and downward propagating components. Then wavelet regression is used to isolate the propagating Kelvin waves over the Indian Ocean across different speeds at zonal wavenumber 4. Results for fast waves show dry upward‐phase signal in the troposphere, while downward‐phase Kelvin waves occupy most of the stratosphere. The presence of upward‐phase tilted waves in the troposphere suggests that the tropospheric Kelvin wave is not a superposition of the upward and downward components, as one might expect in a normal mode. We found that propagating Kelvin waves in the troposphere obey gravity wave dynamics with geopotential height in phase with the zonal wind, the vertical velocity out of phase with the zonal wind, and the temperature in quadrature with the zonal wind. Both dry and moist tropospheric Kelvin waves show a westward vertical tilt, suggesting that tilt probably cannot be a superposition between baroclinic modes coupled to convective and stratiform heating. In the context of radiating gravity waves, results suggest that faster tropospheric Kelvin waves appear to be associated with higher Brunt–Väisälä frequencies, and waves maintain similar vertical tilt across a wide range of phase speeds.