bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bioprinting Process Supplemented with In Situ Electrical Stimulation Directly Induces Significant Myotube Formation and Myogenesis
Authors: Kim WonJin , Lee Hyeongjin , Lee Chang Kyu , Kyung Jae Won , An Seong Bae , Han In‐Bo , Kim Geun Hyung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectric field stimulation has supported biophysical and biological cues for tissue regeneration approaches to affect cell morphology, alignment, and even cellular phenotypes types. Here, an innovative bioprinting approach supported by in situ electrical stiumlation (E‐printing) is used to fabricate a bioengineered skeletal muscle construct composed of human adipose stem cells and methacrylated decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM‐Ma) derived from porcine muscle. To obtain highly ordered myofiber‐like structures, various parameters of the printing process are optimized. The E‐printed structure exhibits higher cell viability and fully aligned cytoskeleton than the conventionally printed cell‐bearing structures, due to activation of voltage‐gated ion channels that affect various signaling pathways. When using the E‐printed structure, expression of myogenesis‐related genes is upregulated by 1.9–2.5‐fold higher than when using a dECM‐Ma structure produced without electrical stimulation. Furthermore, when implanted into a rat model of volumetric muscle loss, the structure yields outstanding myogenesis relative to the conventionally bioprinted structure.
Application of Mannose‐Functionalized Microgel as a Novel Vaccine Delivery Platform for Subunit Vaccines
Authors: Pan Yong , Qi Yanxin , Li Xiaoyuan , Luan Shifang , Huang Yubin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe recent outbreaks of a series of new infectious diseases have highlighted the pressing need to develop efficacious countermeasures, including preventive vaccines. Subunit vaccines are developed using the subunit proteins from pathogens to induce immune responses, which are safe but often limited by low immunogenicity. Particulate vaccines can potentially enhance the endocytosis efficiency of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and promote antigen delivery to the draining lymph nodes. Besides, the particulate vaccines that contain pathogen‐associated molecular patterns can promote antigen‐presenting by binding to pattern recognition receptors, thereby enhancing the efficacy of vaccination. Here, a new type of particulate subunit vaccine is developed, which is composed of model antigen ovalbumin and mannose‐modified microgels. The microgels can prevent the degradation of the antigen and control the slow release of the encapsulate antigen in a sustained manner. The mannose modified on the microgels can target the mannose receptor of the APCs, further improving the endocytosis efficiency of APCs and promoting the effectiveness of the subunit vaccine. This study addresses that the mannose‐modified microgel as a carrier can effectively promote the efficiency of the subunit vaccine, hence providing a promising platform for improving subunit vaccine.
Ultrafast Plasmon Thermalization in Epitaxial Graphene Probed by Time‐Resolved THz Spectroscopy
Authors: Paingad Vaisakh C. , Kunc Jan , Rejhon Martin , Rychetský Ivan , Mohelský Ivan , Orlita Milan , Kužel Petr 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe control of carrier transport by electrical, chemical, or optical Fermi level tuning is central to graphene electronics. Here, an optical pump—terahertz (THz) probe spectroscopy—is applied to investigate ultrafast sheet conductivity dynamics in various epitaxially grown graphene layers representing a large variety of carbon allotropes, including H2 intercalated films. The graphene layers display a prominent plasmonic response connected with induced THz transparency spectra on ultrashort timescale. It is generally believed that the plasmonic excitations appear due to wrinkles, and substrate terraces that bring about natural confinement potentials. It is shown that these potentials act within micrometer‐sized domains with essentially isotropic character. The measured ultrafast dynamics are entirely controlled by the quasi‐Fermi level of laser‐excited carriers through their temperature. The photocarriers undergo a disorder‐enabled super‐collision cooling process with an initial picosecond transfer of the optically deposited heat to the lattice followed by a sub‐nanosecond relaxation governed by the lattice cooling. The transient spectra is described by a two‐temperature Drude‐Lorentz model revealing the ultrafast evolution of the carrier temperature and chemical potential and providing crucial material parameters such as Fermi energy, carrier mobility, carrier confinement length, and disorder mean free path.
Lithium Extraction by Emerging Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Membranes
Authors: Hou Jue , Zhang Huacheng , Thornton Aaron W. , Hill Anita J. , Wang Huanting , Konstas Kristina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLithium is mainly extracted from brine and ores; however, current lithium mining methods require large amounts of chemicals, discharge many wastes, and can have serious environmental repercussions. Metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based membranes have shown great potential in lithium extraction due to their uniform pore sizes, high porosities, and rich host–guest chemistry compared to other materials. In this review, the processes and disadvantages of current lithium extraction technologies are introduced. The structure features and corresponding design strategy of MOFs suitable for Li+ ion separations are presented. Following, recent advances of polycrystalline MOF membranes, mixed matrix membranes, and MOF channel membranes for lithium‐ion separation are discussed in detail. Finally, opportunities for future developments and challenges in this emerging research field are presented.
A Flexible Smart Monitoring System for the Conservation of Textile Relics
Authors: Lin He , Yao Meiyu , Tao Yifei , Li Guangzhe , An Liang , Li Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTextiles and apparel archaeology is an indispensable part of history and archaeology. As most unearthed textile relics are silk, soft and multi‐layered in nature, their frangibility poses enormous difficulties in their transportation, storage and exhibition. Traditional methods may not be suitable for accurately monitoring their condition under various external situations, due to the particularity of the textile relics. Herein, a smart, flexible, fabric‐based monitoring system, which integrates sensing fibers, textile technology, and traditional silkscreen conservation, is developed for the preservation and conservation of textile relics. The proposed integrated electrochemical fabric bears a high level of flexibility and diversification in structure, and furthermore can act as a protective cover to monitor external environmental impact factors such as pH value, strain, humidity, temperature, and ultraviolet light. The newly developed system can act as a daily monitoring solution to achieve real‐time and prolonged preventative control from various mechanisms of degradation, so as to ultimately support and uphold the conversation and preservation of textile relics.
Bistable Structures for Advanced Functional Systems
Authors: Cao Yunteng , Derakhshani Masoud , Fang Yuhui , Huang Guoliang , Cao Changyong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBistable mechanical systems having two local minima of potential energy can rest in either of the two stable equilibrium states in the absence of external loadings. A snap‐through action may occur under suitable stimuli and/or loading, during which such systems exhibit distinct properties from linear structures. Such kinds of structures have been widely exploited for designing advanced functional systems for a variety of applications. Here, the advances of bistable structures are summarized for novel advanced functional systems, including actuators, energy harvesters, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), robotics, energy absorbers, and programmable devices as well as metamaterials. The controllable snap‐through motions are highlighted in the nonlinear structures of bistability/multistability. Finally, the major principles, structures, pros and cons, and the future research directions along with its challenges are discussed.
Bioinspired Dynamically Switchable PANI/PS‐b‐P2VP Thin Films for Multicolored Electrochromic Displays with Long‐Term Durability
Authors: Zhang Dashui , Wang Junxin , Tong Zhangfa , Ji Hongbing , Qu Hui‐Ying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrochromism has attracted wide attention as futuristic adaptive camouflage technologies due to its reversible and sustainable optical modulation with low energy consumption. However, limited color control of the electrochromic materials has hampered its applications. Inspired by the remarkable dynamic camouflage capabilities of cephalopods, polyaniline (PANI) and polystyrene‐block‐poly (2‐vinyl pyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) thin films are integrated to simulate chromatophores and iridophores in the skin of cephalopods, respectively. Herein, it is demonstrated that the adaptive lamellar PANI/PS‐b‐P2VP thin film exhibits a wide range of color control, switchable vivid coloration, and excellent durability. It serves as an ideal multicolored electrochromic platform due to the combined effect of electrochromism from PANI and structural coloration from PS‐b‐P2VP. Unambiguous evidence shows that optical properties of the PANI/PS‐b‐P2VP thin film are related to the thickness of each layer and nanostructure of PANI, pronounced color changes mainly depend on electronic states of PANI and transition of hydrated SO42− ions between PANI and P2VP. The coloration mechanism is discussed using quantitative analysis via RGB color specification and optical transmittance and reflectance simulations. The new insights will advance the design of reflection‐contributed superior multicolored electrochromic materials, and have great potential in the fields of displays and camouflage.
Sub 5 nm Gd3+–Hemoporfin Framework Nanodots for Augmented Sonodynamic Theranostics and Fast Renal Clearance
Authors: Geng Peng , Yu Nuo , Liu Xiaohan , Zhu Qin , Wen Mei , Ren Qian , Qiu Pu , Zhang Haijun , Li Maoquan , Chen Zhigang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetal–organic nanomaterials have emerged as promising therapeutic agents to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultrasound (US) or light irradiation for tumor treatments. However, their relatively large sizes (ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers) usually lead to low ROS utilization and body metabolism, thus enlarging their long‐term toxicity and low therapeutic effect. To solve these shortcomings, herein the ultrasmall Gd3+–hemoporfin framework nanodots (GdHF‐NDs， ≈5 nm) is reported as efficient nano‐sonosensitizers. Compared with GdHF aggregation (GdHF‐A, ≈400 nm), the ultrasmall GdHF‐NDs generate 2.3‐fold toxic ROS amount under similar conditions, due to shorter diffusion path and larger relative specific surface area. When the GdHF‐NDs dispersion is introvenously injected into tumor‐bearing mouse, they are accumulated within tumors to provide high magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast. Under US irradiation, the GdHF‐NDs achieve a better sonodynamic therapeutic efficacy for tumors, compared with that from GdHF‐A. More importantly, owing to ultrasmall size, most of GdHF‐NDs can be rapidly cleared through the renal pathway. Therefore, GdHF‐NDs can be used as a biosafety and high‐performance sonodynamic agent for cancer theranostics.
Engineered Extracellular Matrices with Integrated Wireless Microactuators to Study Mechanobiology
Authors: Uslu Fazil E. , Davidson Christopher D. , Mailand Erik , Bouklas Nikolaos , Baker Brendon M. , Sakar Mahmut Selman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMechanobiology explores how forces regulate cell behaviors and what molecular machinery are responsible for the sensing, transduction, and modulation of mechanical cues. To this end, probing of cells cultured on planar substrates has served as a primary experimental setting for many decades. However, native extracellular matrices (ECMs) consist of fibrous protein assemblies where the physical properties spanning from the individual fiber to the network architecture can influence the transmission of forces to and from the cells. Here, a robotic manipulation platform that allows wireless, localized, and programmable deformation of an engineered fibrous ECM is introduced. A finite‐element‐based digital twin of the fiber network calibrated against measured local and global parameters enables the calculation of deformations and stresses generated by different magnetic actuation schemes across a range of network properties. Physiologically relevant mechanical forces are applied to cells cultured on the fiber network, statically or dynamically, revealing insights into the effects of matrix‐borne forces and deformations as well as force‐mediated matrix remodeling on cell migration and intracellular signaling. These capabilities are not matched by any existing approach, and this versatile platform has the potential to uncover fundamental mechanisms of mechanobiology in settings with greater relevance to living tissues.
Fibroblast Response to Nanocolumnar TiO2 Structures Grown by Oblique Angle Sputter Deposition
Authors: Kapprell Uta , Friebe Sabrina , Grüner Susann , Grüner Christoph , Kupferer Astrid , Rauschenbach Bernd , Mayr Stefan G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCells are established to sense and respond to the properties, including nano‐ and microscale morphology, of the substrate they adhere to, which opens up the possibility to tailor bioactivity. With this background, the potential of tilted TiO2 nanostructures grown by oblique angle sputtering to affect fibroblasts with particular focus on inducing anisotropy in cell behavior is explored. By depositing TiO2 at different oblique angles relative to the substrate normal, morphologies, columnar tilt angle, roughness, and distances between neighbored nanocolumns can be adjusted. To assess bioactivity of the resulting structures, L929‐mouse fibroblasts are seeded in vitro on TiO2 nanostructured substrates. Angle‐dependent movement and velocity distributions of the cells on differently tilted columns and a smooth reference sample are studied. Cell proliferation rates and cell areas are additional factors which provide information about viability and the well‐being of cells. It could be shown that the local topography of the surface has an influence on the directed movement of the cells.
Recent Progress in the Nanoskiving Approach: A Review of Methodology, Devices, and Applications
Authors: Fang Zhuo , Yan Yongda , Geng Yanquan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanoskiving is a unique nanomanufacturing method that can be used to cut out nanostructures directly with well‐controlled shapes and sizes. Over the past 10 years, nanoskiving techniques have evolved in terms of optimization of the sectioning parameters and development of the transfer and alignment approaches. In addition, the range of compatible materials for nanoskiving is expanding via combination of the technique with other bottom–up and top–down methods; for example, soft materials such as block polymers and hard materials such as cemented carbide and semiconductor materials are now able to be nanosized successfully, despite previously being considered incompatible with nanoskiving technology. The preparation of these structures by the nanoskiving method opens a convenient door to verification of the application of this technique to device miniaturization in fields including optics, electrochemistry, electronics, and biology. This review outlines the advances made in nanoskiving, including those in the fabrication process, the development of suitable applications, and the challenges and opportunities for future exploration of the technology.
Sliding Triboelectric Circular Motion Sensor with Real‐Time Hardware Processing
Authors: Xie Zhijie , Zeng Zhenghui , Yang Fei , Lv Jingliang , Wang Yu , Wu Rensuan , Liu Jiaxiu , Wang Zhong Lin , Cheng Tinghai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince circular motion becomes an important part of automated circulation equipment, a sliding triboelectric circular motion sensor (S‐TCMS) has been demonstrated to monitor the velocity and displacement of a circular motion. The S‐TCMS consists of the stator and slider, which is integrated with automated circular motion equipment for sensing applications. When the slider of PTFE grid slides between the stator's electrodes, four electrical signals are produced in the staggered electrode. The experimental results show that the voltage amplitude remains constant at different sliding velocities, showing good sensing stability. Also, this work proposes a real‐time hardware signal processing method, which converts the original S‐TCMS signal into two standard square wave signals. The method makes the sensing detection of S‐TCMS independent from electrostatic instrument and reduces the occupation of hardware resources. The sensing experimental results show that S‐TCMS can detect the velocity of circular motion with the maximum velocity deviation rate of less than 0.37%, the angular position sensing detection accuracy of 0.42°. The S‐TCMS shows good circular motion‐sensing characteristics after hardware signal processing.
Lead‐Free Perovskites‐Based Photonic Synaptic Devices with Logic Functions
Authors: Hao Dandan , Liu Dapeng , Zhang Junyao , Wang Yan , Huang Jia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLead halide perovskites have shown great potential in photonic synaptic devices owing to their notable optical properties. However, the inherent toxicity of lead and complex configuration of the device hinder the further development of perovskites‐based photonic synaptic devices. Here, lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgSbBr6 is first used to fabricate photonic synaptic devices. The photonic synaptic device with a simple structure exhibits decent reproducibility and stability. By tuning external light signals, photonic synaptic devices based on Cs2AgSbBr6 can mimic primary synaptic behaviors, such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired pulse facilitation, short‐term memory (STM), long‐term memory (LTM), the transfer between STM and LTM, and the “learning‐forgetting‐relearning” process. Furthermore, the temperature effect on the learning and memory process is investigated. Importantly, logic functions of “OR” and “AND” operations are realized. This work suggests the great potential of Cs2AgSbBr6 in future neuromorphic computation.
Perovskite La0.3Sr0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3−δ Catalysis Raises the Bar: Preventing Unwanted Near‐Surface Sr Segregation and SrCO3 Precipitation
Authors: Fidelsky Kozokaro Vicky , Caspary Toroker Maytal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSr surface segregation (SSS) in perovskite materials is a main factor causing efficiency degradation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC's), and therefore can affect the La0.3Sr0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3−δ perovskite, which is known as a compatible anode and cathode in a reversible and symmetric SOFC. As a result of segregation, the atomic rearrangements in the near‐surface environment are likely to generate additional phases to the original one such as strontium carbonate (SrCO3) at high CO2 pressure. In the current work, first principal calculations are carried out for modeling the initial formation of SrCO3 after Sr segregation in LSFCr with CO2 presence. It is found that the tendency of CO2 to participate in SrCO3 phase formation is a competing reaction to its reduction to CO on the LSFCr material, and O vacancies are needed not only to improve CO2 reduction but also to block the competing reaction of SrCO3 adsorption. Therefore, LSFCr successfully “raises the bar” of CO2 reduction catalytic efficiency by preventing unwanted Sr segregation at high concentrations of surface oxygen vacancies.
Overcoming Chemoimmunotherapy‐Induced Immunosuppression by Assemblable and Depot Forming Immune Modulating Nanosuspension
Authors: Jin Seung Mo , Lee Sang Nam , Kim Jung Eun , Yoo Yeon Jeong , Song Chanyoung , Shin Hong Sik , Phuengkham Hathaichanok , Lee Chang Hoon , Um Soong Ho , Lim Yong Taik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe deficiency of antigen‐specific T cells and the induction of various treatment‐induced immunosuppressions still limits the clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy. Although the chemo‐immunotherapy adjuvanted with Toll‐like receptor 7/8 agonist (TLR 7/8a) induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) and in situ vaccination effect, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is also significantly increased in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor‐draining lymph node (TDLN), which offsets the activated antitumor immunity. To address the treatment‐induced immunosuppression, an assemblable immune modulating suspension (AIMS) containing ICD inducer (paclitaxel) and supra‐adjuvant (immune booster; R848 as a TLR 7/8a, immunosuppression reliever; epacadostat as an IDO inhibitor) is suggested and shows that it increases cytotoxic T lymphocytes and relieves the IDO‐related immunosuppression (TGF‐β, IL‐10, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells) in both TME and TDLN, by the formation of in situ depot in tumor bed as well as by the efficient migration into TDLN. Local administration of AIMS increases T cell infiltration in both local and distant tumors and significantly inhibits the metastasis of tumors to the lung. Reverting treatment‐induced secondary immunosuppression and reshaping “cold tumor” into “hot tumor” by AIMS also increases the response rate of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, which promises a new nanotheranostic strategy in cancer immunotherapy.
Requirements for Beneficial Electrochemical Restructuring: A Model Study on a Cobalt Oxide in Selected Electrolytes
Authors: Villalobos Javier , González‐Flores Diego , Urcuyo Roberto , Montero Mavis L. , Schuck Götz , Beyer Paul , Risch Marcel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe requirements for beneficial materials restructuring into a higher performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst are still a largely open question. Here erythrite (Co3(AsO4)2·8H2O) is used as a Co‐based OER electrocatalyst to evaluate its catalytic properties during in situ restructuring into an amorphous Co‐based catalyst in four different electrolytes at pH 7. Using diffraction, microscopy, and spectroscopy, a strong effect in the restructuring behavior is observed depending of the anions in the electrolyte. Only carbonate electrolyte can activate the catalyst material, which is related to its slow restructuring process. While the catalyst turnover frequency (TOF) undesirably reduces by a factor of 28, the number of redox active sites continuously increases to a factor of 56, which results in an overall twofold increase in current of the restructured catalyst after 800 cycles. The activation is attributed to an adequate local order, a high Co oxidation state close to 3+, and a high number of redox‐active Co ions. These three requirements for beneficial restructuring provide new insights into the rational design of high‐performance OER catalysts by electrochemical restructuring.