bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Instructional Videos for The Principles of 3D Computer Animation
Authors: Pambudi S , Hidayatulloh I , Surjono H D , Sukardiyono T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Understanding the principles of animation is an important factor and determines the quality of animation that can be produced. However, explanation of the principles of animation in many book are still specifically to traditional animation, not 3D computer animation that mostly used today. Students have difficulty applying traditional animation principles to 3D computer animation principles. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop thirteen instructional videos for the topic of Principle of 3D Computer Animation and to determine the effectiveness of these videos on student understanding. Video development uses the Research and Development Four-D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). Based on the results of product testing, these thirteen learning videos were declared “very good”. The paired t-test results showed that the product developed was effective in increasing students’ understanding of the Principle of 3D Computer Animation.
Development of Adaptive Class Assessment Based on Learning Management System for Electrical Engineering Expertise Program in Vocational School
Authors: Hadi S , Haryanto  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study aims to develop a classroom assessment tool that can be used in LMS-based adaptive assessment and test the appropriateness of the classroom assessment tool. This research is development research. The development research model used is the scale construction process with the following steps: articulate construct and context, choose response format and assemble initial item pool, collect data from respondents, examine psychometric properties and quality so that a final scale is obtained. Respondents of this study were experts who assessed the validation and students of the Vocational High School of Electrical Power Installation Engineering Expertise. The data analysis technique used is instrument analysis using classical test theory and descriptive statistics. The results of the study are: the construct of selected class assessment tools is easy to implement in a computer program. Multiple choice questions with 5 alternative answers. The attitude questionnaire is made in the form of a case assessment with 4 alternative answers, while the observation guidelines are made in the form of a short entry with numbers between 1 and 4. The questions developed have 60 items. Items with less validity are 0, moderate there are 55, and high is 5 with Alpha reliability of 0.934. The attitude questionnaire developed consists of 8 items. The items with less validity are 0, 6, and 2 with high Alpha reliability of 0.731. The observation guide developed contains 16 points of observation. Items with less validity are 0, the medium is 15, and high is 1.
Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus Based on 11 Health Risk Factors using Backpropagation
Authors: Arifin F , Adhana R F , Shabrina Yois N A , Khairudin M , Ma’arof N N M I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease and is a severe chronic illness. Early detection of DM is one way to detect the possibility of someone getting DM. This application was made to determine the accuracy of the diagnosis of DM using backpropagation ANN. There are 11 risk factors used, namely gender, smoker or not, heredity, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol levels, HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) levels, LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) levels, triglyceride levels, BMI (Body Mass Index), and HBA1c levels (Hemoglobin A1c). Risk factors are taken based on medical records of DM patients and data on healthy people. The training and testing of artificial neural networks showed promising results for the suitability of network output and desired targets with a correlation coefficient of 0.98043. The results of testing showed promising results for network output and target match desired with a correlation coefficient of 0.97894.
The Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Distance on The Performance of QR Code Detection System
Authors: Hakim M L , Yatmono S , Nugraha A C , Khairudin M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The development of image processing science is needed to solve problems that are often faced by humans, especially in the field of computer vision. One application of the image processing system is on a package delivery mission during the Covid-19 pandemic. Drones are used to send packages by detecting the presence of Qr Code to determine the point of delivery location. In this study, tests will be carried out on the maximum distance (vertical and horizontal) that can be detected by the Qr Code detection system and the length of time to detect the presence of the Qr Code (time spent). The test shows that the greater the data collection distance (vertical and horizontal), the longer the system detects the presence of the Qr Code. The maximum horizontal distance that the Qr Code can detect is 155 cm, while the vertical distance is 115 cm. The detection distance at vertical is smaller than horizontal because the vertical distance is affected by the field of view (FoV).
The Development of Android-based Control System for Reinforcing the Electronic Control Subject
Authors: Hariyanto D , Mustaqim I , Maruanaya R F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The advancement of technology has brought the control system technology recently to be more precise, stable, and reliable. It is also possible to utilize the sophisticated hardware embedded in the smartphone for controlling or monitoring system through the external modules. This study aimed to develop an Android-based control system that can be used to reinforce the students’ competence, particularly in the Electronic Control subject. The method used in this study was a linear sequential model that comprises analysis, design, coding, and testing. A total number of nine items of functional testing has been conducted, and the results revealed that the prototype control system could successfully react as designed. Nevertheless, the one that should be considered in the future study is the compatibility issue between the external controlled hardware and the smartphone.
Development of Power Electronic Practicum Units for Vocational Education
Authors: Prianto E , Sunomo  , Maryadi T H T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to develop a Power Electronics practicum unit in the Department of Electrical Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, YSU, so that it is suitable and feasible to be applied in vocational education learning by considering the safety aspects of the components and their users. The development includes a three-phase AC source voltage drop from 45 volts to 24 volts per phase, load replacement, the use of up and down voltage converters with greater current capability, and a direct voltage power supply without a transformer switching model. The method used is research & development with technical tests for each part of the module according to the purpose of setting up the practicum unit. The research results were obtained; the power supply with a 24 volt AC source is able to supply a current of 3.63 amperes at a direct voltage of 20 volts with a voltage drop of 0.5 volts, a direct voltage lowering converter is able to change the voltage from 15 volts to 6 volts at a current of 3.66 amperes, with a voltage drop of 0.13 volts. A direct voltage booster converter is able to convert a voltage of 15 volts from 1.78 amperes to 25 volts with a voltage drop of 0.1 volts. The four-pole three-phase motor can be controlled via the TRIAC from zero rotation to maximum rotation, the protection system is capable of breaking the fuse instantaneously in the event of a faulty connection from phase-neutral to phase, followed by disconnection of the 24-volt three-phase AC power source within one second.
Future regulated flows of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon foretell decreased areal extent of sediment and increases in riparian vegetation
Authors: Kasprak Alan , Sankey Joel B , Butterfield Bradley J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Sediment transfer, or connectivity, by aeolian processes between channel-proximal and upland deposits in river valleys is important for the maintenance of river corridor biophysical characteristics. In regulated river systems, dams control the magnitude and duration of discharge. Alterations to the flow regime driven by dams that increase the inundation duration of sediment, or which drive the encroachment of vegetation into areas formerly composed of labile sediment and result in channel narrowing, may reduce sediment transfer from near-channel deposits to uplands via aeolian processes. Employing spatial methods developed by Kasprak et al (2018 Prog. Phys. Geogr.), here we use data describing the areal extent of bare (i.e. subaerially exposed and non-vegetated) sediment along 168 km of the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam in Grand Canyon, USA, in conjunction with inundation extent modeling to forecast how future flows of this highly regulated river will drive changes in the areal extent of sediment available for aeolian transport. We also compare modern bare sediment area to that which presumably would have existed under pre-dam hydrographs. Over the next two decades, the planned flow regime from Glen Canyon Dam will result in slight decreases in bare sediment area (−1%) on an annual scale. This is in contrast to pre-dam years, when unregulated low flows led to marked increases in bare sediment area as compared to the current discharge regime. Our findings also indicate that ∼75% of bare sediment in the study reach is inundated continuously at present, owing to increased baseflows in the post-dam flow regime; consequently, any reductions in flows below modern-day low discharges have the potential to expose large areas of bare sediment. We use vegetation modeling to quantify areas susceptible to vegetation encroachment under future flows, finding that 80% of bare sediment area is suitable for colonization by invasive tamarisk under the current flow regime. Our findings imply that the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, a system marked by widespread erosion of sediment resources and encroachment of riparian vegetation in the post-dam period, is likely to continue to see decreasing bare sediment extent over the coming decades in the absence of direct intervention through flow regime modification or widespread vegetation removal.
Have food supply chain policies improved forest conservation and rural livelihoods? A systematic review
Authors: Garrett Rachael D , Levy Samuel A , Gollnow Florian , Hodel Leonie , Rueda Ximena 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To address concerns about the negative impacts of food supply chains in forest regions, a growing number of companies have adopted policies to influence their suppliers’ behaviors. With a focus on forest-risk food supply chains, we provide a systematic review of the conservation and livelihood outcomes of the mechanisms that companies use to implement their forest-focused supply chain policies (FSPs)—certifications, codes of conduct, and market exclusion mechanisms. More than half of the 37 cases that rigorously measure the outcomes of FSP implementation mechanisms find additional conservation and livelihood benefits resulting from the policies. Positive livelihood outcomes are more common than conservation additionality and most often pertain to improvements in farm income through increases in crop yields on coffee and cocoa farms that have adopted certifications or codes of conduct. However, in some cases certifications lead to a reduction in net household income as farmers increasingly specialize in the certified commodity and spend more on food purchases. Among the five cases that examine conservation and livelihoods simultaneously, there is no evidence of tradeoffs or synergies—most often an improvement in one type of outcome is associated with no change in the other. Interactions with public conservation and agricultural policies influence the conservation gains achieved by all mechanisms, while the marketing attributes of cooperatives and buying companies play a large role in determining the livelihood outcomes associated with certification. Compliance with the forest requirements of FSP implementation mechanisms is high, but challenges to geospatial monitoring and land use related selection biases limit the overall benefits of these policies. Given the highly variable methods and limited evidence base, additional rigorous research across a greater variety of contexts is urgently needed to better understand if and when FSPs can be successful in achieving synergies between conservation and livelihoods.
Critical level statistics at the many-body localization transition region
Authors: Rao Wen-Jia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the critical level statistics at the many-body localization (MBL) transition region in random spin systems. By employing the inter-sample randomness as indicator, we manage to locate the MBL transition point in both orthogonal and unitary models. We further count the nth order gap ratio distributions at the transition region up to n = 4, and find they fit well with the short-range plasma model with inverse temperature β = 1 for orthogonal model and β = 2 for unitary. These critical level statistics are argued to be universal by comparing results from systems both with and without total S

z
conservation. We also point out that these critical distributions can emerge from the spectrum of a Poisson ensemble, which indicates the thermal-MBL transition point is more affected by the MBL phase rather than thermal phase.
Closest separable state when measured by a quasi-relative entropy
Authors: Vershynina Anna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It is well known that for pure states the relative entropy of entanglement is equal to the reduced entropy, and the closest separable state is explicitly known as well. The same holds for Renyi relative entropy per recent results. We ask the same question for a quasi-relative entropy of entanglement, which is an entanglement measure defined as the minimum distance to the set of separable state, when the distance is measured by the quasi-relative entropy. First, we consider a maximally entangled state, and show that the closest separable state is the same for any quasi-relative entropy as for the relative entropy of entanglement. Then, we show that this also holds for a certain class of functions and any pure state. And at last, we consider any pure state on two qubit systems and a large class of operator convex function. For these, we find the closest separable state, which may not be the same one as for the relative entropy of entanglement.
Size-dependent phase stability of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Murzakaev A M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A comparative analysis of the structure of silver nanoparticles obtained by chemical synthesis (citrate method) and electrical explosion of wires is carried out. The structure, phase composition, lattice parameters of silver nanoparticles with sizes from 2 to 50 nm were studied by electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. All silver nanoparticles obtained by the chemical method have only a cubic structure. Silver nanoparticles obtained by the physical method have cubic and hexagonal structures. The existence of the hexagonal phase under normal conditions is explained by the quenching effect. The lattice parameters of the cubic phase of Ag NPs within the experimental determination error (± 0.01 nm), synthesized by the chemical method and by the method electrical explosion of wires do not differ from each other.
Microstructure and properties of solid state joints of titanium sheets produced by ultrasonic welding
Authors: Mukhametgalina A A , Murzinova M A , Nazarov A A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The results of the study on the microstructure and properties of solid state joints of titanium sheets obtained by ultrasonic welding (USW) with frequency 20 kHz and vibration amplitude 20 μm during 2 and 3 s under a 6 kN clamping force are presented. The thermo-mechanically affected zone is observed along the defect-free weld line (joint). It was found that the length and width of this zone increased with the welding time. In the thermo-mechanically affected zone, a significant grain growth takes place, a change in the texture is observed and maxima near 60° and 90° in the grain boundary misorientation distributions appear. The maximum lap shear failure load of the joints obtained by USW of 2 and 3 s durations are 1998±122 and 2506±226 N, respectively. There is a change in the failure mode from interface debonding after 2 s USW to nugget pull-out for the welding time of 3 s.
Ultrasonic welding of ultrafine grained nickel
Authors: Shayakhmetova E R , Nazarov A A , Samigullina A A , Zhilyaev A P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Solid state joints were obtained for the first time by ultrasonic welding (USW) of ultrafine-grained (UFG) thin disks of Ni processed by high pressure torsion (HPT). Samples of two types were studied: the ones for lap shear mechanical tests were prepared by joining two disks superimposed on each other under static loads of 4.5 and 6.0 kN, and the other type samples for structural characterization were obtained by sequential welding (consolidation) of four disks. The welding time for both type samples was equal to 1 s. The structure of consolidated samples was studied in their cross section by SEM, EBSD analysis, and also their Vickers microhardness was measured.
Influence of superplastic deformation on the quality of solid-phase joints obtained by welding of crystalline alloys
Authors: Lutfullin R Ya , Mukhametrahimov M Kh , Galieva E V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Pressure welding using the phenomenon of structural superplasticity is a relatively new technological method based on the additive principle of forming parts. The problem of the quality of a solid-phase joint, which is well studied for superplastic titanium alloys, requires a verification of the versatility of the approaches used to solve it for heat-resistant nickel alloys, as well as for welding of dissimilar crystalline materials. The possibility of reducing the temperature of pressure welding by using low-temperature superplasticity of ultrafine-grained (UFG) crystalline alloys is considered.
Accumulative high-pressure torsion of steel 316 and β-Ti alloy
Authors: Gunderov D V , Khasanova D A , Astanin V V , Churakova A A , Ramazanov I A , Prokoshkin S D , Sheremetyev V A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As revealed by studies, in the process of high-pressure torsion of hard or work-hardenable metals and alloys, including bulk metallic glasses, the actual produced strain is much smaller than the expected one. The authors proposed a new technique called “accumulative high-pressure torsion” for producing high strains in hard materials, including bulk metallic glasses.
Computer simulation of friction stir processing of plate from 2024 aluminum alloy
Authors: Akhunova A Kh , Imayev M F , Valeeva A Kh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the present work, three-dimensional finite element modeling of the friction stir processing of a 3-mm-thick 2024 aluminum alloy plates using DEFORM-3D software product has been carried out. The optimal pin length was determined based on the calculation of the distribution of effective deformation, temperature, and displacement of material points. Numerical modeling was done on pins in the form of a cylinder with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of l = 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, and 2.2 mm. Friction stir processing was carried out at a traversing rate of 2 mm/s, a tool rotation rate of 1000 rpm, and an axial force of 20 kN. The material behavior of the sheet was described using the Johnson-Cook model included in the standard DEFORM-3D library. The results showed that the most preferable under the considered processing conditions is a pin with a length of 2.0 mm because it allows one to obtain the widest and most symmetrical regions of intense heating and deformation.
Finite-element modeling of the stress-strain state in disk-shaft type parts from dissimilar Ni-based alloys
Authors: Akhunova A Kh , Valitov V A , Galieva E V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Finite element modeling of the stress-strain state of disk-shaft type parts of gas turbine engines during pressure welding has been made. Pressure welding was carried out by three schemes of deformation of a disk and/or a shaft. In Scheme 1, the shaft was inserted into the disk by setting the displacement of the upper die, in Scheme 2 simultaneous action of a die on the upper end surface of the disk and shaft was set, and in Scheme 3 the shaft was inserted into the disk by setting the displacement of the die, then the action of the die on the upper end surface of the disk was set. Computer simulation is performed using the DEFORM-2D software package. The deformable nickel base alloys EP975 and EK79 were taken as materials for a disk and a shaft, respectively. The results of computer simulation have shown that for increasing quality of the welded joint between the disk and the shaft it is preferable to use pressure welding which is carried out with a combination of sequence actions on the shaft and disk, since in this case an effective summarized compressive stresses and radial strain were achieved which leads to an increase of the joint quality.
Protective PEO-coatings on titanium shape memory alloy for medical implants
Authors: Shechtman S R , Farrakhov R G , Ramazanov I A , Sheremetyev V A , Parfenov E V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The use of titanium shape memory alloy Ti-18Zr-15Nb with promising coatings for the manufacture of medical implants is considered. In this paper, we examined plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in a pulsed bipolar mode with different frequencies to protect the surface from the aggressive environment of the human body.. Two frequencies of 300 and 1000 Hz were used. The results of SEM, EDS, XRD analysis, and electrochemical tests of the coatings were discussed. As a result of comparison, it was shown that carrying out the PEO process at 1000 Hz provides the formation of a more uniform coating with higher quality than the coating obtained at 300 Hz.
Evolution of particles of secondary phases in alloys of the Cu-Cr-Zr system in the state of a supersaturated solid solution in the process of deformation-heat treatment
Authors: Chembarisova R G , Galaktionova A V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, the evolution of particles of secondary phases in the process of equal-channel angular pressing and subsequent heat treatment of the Cu-1.0 wt.% Cr-0.7 wt.% Zr-0.2 wt.% Al alloy, preliminarily subjected to quenching from the pre-melting temperature, is studied. It is shown that in the process of deformation of the samples, partial dissolution of small particles of the secondary phases occurs. As a result of the subsequent aging, the Cr and Al atoms that have passed into the solution are again separated into small particles. Additionally, there was a partial separation of Cr atoms from the solid solution into small particles of chromium.
Corrosion resistance of ultrafine-grained pseudo-α titanium alloy PT-3V
Authors: Nokhrin A V , Kopylov V I , Andreev P V , Chuvil’deev V N , Likhnitsckii C V , Chegurov M K , Murashov A A , Gudz’ D A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ultrafine-grained (UFG) samples of PT-3V pseudo-α titanium alloy were subjected to diffusion welding through spark plasma sintering. It has been shown that the destruction of welded UFG samples under hot salt corrosion (HSC) is two-staged: first, intercrystalline corrosion (ICC) is manifested, which then graduates to pitting corrosion. It has been established that the corrosion resistance of the weld joints is determined by the concentration of vanadium at the grain boundaries, the size and volume ratio of the β-phase particles, and the presence of pores in the weld joints. It has been shown that welded UFG samples possess a higher hardness and resistance to ICC than coarse-grained samples.