bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White Matter Connectivity in Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Diffusion Spectrum Imaging Study of World Trade Center Responders at Midlife
Authors: Huang Chuan , Kritikos Minos , Clouston Sean A.P. , Deri Yael , Serrano-Sosa Mario , Bangiyev Lev , Santiago-Michels Stephanie , Gandy Sam , Sano Mary , Bromet Evelyn J. , Luft Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Individuals who participated in response efforts at the World Trade Center (WTC) following 9/11/2001 are experiencing elevated incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at midlife. Objective: We hypothesized that white matter connectivity measured using diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) would be restructured in WTC responders with MCI versus cognitively unimpaired responders. Methods: Twenty responders (mean age 56; 10 MCI/10 unimpaired) recruited from an epidemiological study were characterized using NIA-AA criteria alongside controls matched on demographics (age/sex/occupation/race/education). Axial DSI was acquired on a 3T Siemen’s Biograph mMR scanner (12-channel head coil) using a multi-band diffusion sequence. Connectometry examined whole-brain tract-level differences in white matter integrity. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and quantified anisotropy were extracted for region of interest (ROI) analyses using the Desikan-Killiany atlas. Results: Connectometry identified both increased and decreased connectivity within regions of the brains of responders with MCI identified in the corticothalamic pathway and cortico-striatal pathway that survived adjustment for multiple comparisons. MCI was also associated with higher FA values in five ROIs including in the rostral anterior cingulate; lower MD values in four ROIs including the left rostral anterior cingulate; and higher MD values in the right inferior circular insula. Analyses by cognitive domain revealed nominal associations in domains of response speed, verbal learning, verbal retention, and visuospatial learning. Conclusions: WTC responders with MCI at midlife showed early signs of neurodegeneration characterized by both increased and decreased white matter diffusivity in regions commonly affected by early-onset Alzheimer’s disease.
Motion sickness diagnostic criteria: Consensus Document of the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society
Authors: Cha Yoon-Hee ,   Advisors: StaabJeffrey P. m BisdorffAlexandre n, Golding John F. , Keshavarz Behrang , Furman Joseph , Kim Ji-Soo , Lopez-Escamez Jose A. , Magnusson Måns , Yates Bill J. , Lawson Ben D. 
Published: February 2021

We present diagnostic criteria for motion sickness, visually induced motion sickness (VIMS), motion sickness disorder (MSD), and VIMS disorder (VIMSD) to be included in the International Classification of Vestibular Disorders. Motion sickness and VIMS are normal physiological responses that can be elicited in almost all people, but susceptibility and severity can be high enough for the response to be considered a disorder in some cases. This report provides guidelines for evaluating signs and symptoms caused by physical motion or visual motion and for diagnosing an individual as having a response that is severe enough to constitute a disorder. The diagnostic criteria for motion sickness and VIMS include adverse reactions elicited during exposure to physical motion or visual motion leading to observable signs or symptoms of greater than minimal severity in the following domains: nausea and/or gastrointestinal disturbance, thermoregulatory disruption, alterations in arousal, dizziness and/or vertigo, headache and/or ocular strain. These signs and/or symptoms occur during the motion exposure, build as the exposure is prolonged, and eventually stop after the motion ends. Motion sickness disorder and VIMSD are diagnosed when recurrent episodes of motion sickness or VIMS are reliably triggered by the same or similar stimuli, severity does not significantly decrease after repeated exposure, and signs/symptoms lead to activity modification, avoidance behavior, or aversive emotional responses. Motion sickness/MSD and VIMS/VIMSD can occur separately or together. Severity of symptoms in reaction to physical motion or visual motion stimuli varies widely and can change within an individual due to aging, adaptation, and comorbid disorders. We discuss the main methods for measuring motion sickness symptoms, the situations conducive to motion sickness and VIMS, and the individual traits associated with increased susceptibility. These additional considerations will improve diagnosis by fostering accurate measurement and understanding of the situational and personal factors associated with MSD and VIMSD.
STUDY ON THE OPTIC NERVE VARIATIONS IN RELATION TO POSTERIOR PARANASAL SINUSES USING CT IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: B Bavin I , Nair M R Balachandran , K Aneesh M , George Divya Acma 
Published: February 2021

Background and objectives: Optic nerve has a close relationship with the posterior paranasal sinuses. Depending on the degrees of pneumatization of these sinuses, the optic nerve may indent the sinus wall or protrude into them, predisposing the nerve to injury during sinus surgeries. Aim was to analyse the optic nerve variations in relation to the posterior paranasal sinuses and to categorize the subjects as per DeLano's classification.
Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 336 patients above 16 years of age who underwent computed tomographic evaluation of head and brain. From volume data, multiplanar reconstructions were made in axial, coronal and sagittal planes and analysed in both bone and soft-tissue windows. Relationship of optic nerve with posterior paranasal sinuses were categorised into 4 types according to DeLano's classification. Bony dehiscence of optic canal and pneumatization of anterior clinoid process were also assessed.
Results: 672 optic nerves were assessed, the most common optic nerve type identified was type 1 (62.6%), followed by type 2 (18.6%). Types 3 and 4 were seen equally in number (9.6% each). Dehiscence of optic nerve canal and pneumatization of anterior clinoid process (ACP) was seen respectively on 66 (9.8%) and 75 (11.2%) sides. Compared to type 1 and 4 optic nerves, dehiscence of bony optic canal was statistically more significant in type 2 and 3 nerves. 45.5% individuals with anterior clinoid process pneumatization had associated optic canal dehiscence, which was found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: Optic nerve variations were identified and classified according to DeLano’s classification. The range was within international limits and type 1 was the most common occurrence. When compared to other similar studies among Indian population, disparity observed in the frequency of optic nerve types and bony optic canal dehiscence in our study, were probably due to differences in ethnicity and size of study group. Association of bony optic canal dehiscence with type 2 & 3 optic nerves and ACP pneumatization with type 3 optic nerve was found to be statistically significant, making them more vulnerable to injury during surgery. Knowledge of optic nerve relation with posterior paranasal sinuses, and its identification in preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan are important to avoid injury to optic nerve.
Keywords: Optic nerve, sphenoid sinus, posterior ethmoid cell, Onodi cell, anterior clinoid process pneumatization, optic canal dehiscence.
MUCOCELE ON LOWER LIP? NOT ALWAYS! A CASE REPORT
Authors: M. Seema , Mohanty Leeky , Srinivasan Shruti , Jamadar Saleha , Y Komali 
Published: February 2021

Lesions of the lip that are smooth, spherical, and with same color of the oral mucosa are often diagnosed as traumatic fibromas, or focal fibrous hyperplasia, and mucoceles. Although tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath are uncommon, they must also be included in the list of differential diagnoses of lesions that are nodular involving lower lip. We present a case of a 45 year old male patient who visited our hospital for routine dental examination. On examination a soft swelling was noted on left vermilion border of lower lip extending on to labial mucosa measuring about 0.5 * 0.5 cm .A provisional diagnosis of mucocele was given.On histopathological examination, a well circumscribed and partially encapsulated connective tissue was seen with centrally placed axons surrounded by short interlacing fascicles of palisading spindle shaped cells .
Tömeges káresemények és katasztrófák következményeinek egészségügyi felszámolását végző és támogató szervezetek tevékenysége
Authors: Tóth György 
Published: February 2021

Hazánkban a tömeges balesetek előfordulása gyakori, katasztrófák bekövetkezése során jelentkező nagy számú sérültek, betegek ellátására is bármikor számíthatunk. Annak érdekében, hogy ahelyszíni tevékenység hatékony ésegyben dinamikus legyen, illetve a rendelkezésre álló kapacitás megfelelő kihasználása is megtörténhessen, a helyszínen tartózkodó, illetve az ellátásban részt vevő szervezetek összehangolt együttműködésére van szükség, amelyek valamennyi tagja a katasztrófa medicina elveit követi. A közlemény célja elemezni és értékelni a nagyszámú sérülteket, betegeket eredményező káresemények egészségügyi felszámolásában részt vevő és támogató szervezetek tevékenységét.
Penamaan Unsur Tumbuhan dan Hewan di Kepulauan Meranti (Kajian Semantik Inkuisitif)
Authors: Harti Tumi , Sinaga Mangatur , Hermandra Hermandra 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini menentukan bentuk penamaan dan makna tentang penamaan unsur tumbuhan dan hewan di Kepulauan Meranti kajian semantik inkuisitif. Jenis penelitian ini tentang penamaan unsur tumbuhan dan hewan di Kepulauan Meranti adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pendekatan deskriptif adalah penelitian yang berdasarkan pada fenomena-fenomena yang nyata dan memang hidup sesuai pada penutur-penuturnya. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini dimulai dengan tahap inventarisasi data, tahap analisis data, tahap pembahasan dan penyimpulan hasil analisis data, serta tahap pelaporan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan wawancara. Metode wawancara dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tiga teknik, yaitu teknik pancing, teknik cakap semuka, dan teknik catat. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah satuan bahasa terhadap penamaan unsur tumbuhan dan hewan di Kepulauan Meranti. Sumber data adalah sembilan informan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian mengenai penamaan unsur tumbuhan dan hewan di Kepulauan Meranti terkumpul sebanyak 58 data. Adapun 58 data ini terdiri dari satu bentuk penamaan peniruan bunyi, 20 penyebutan bagian, 35 penyebutan sifat khas, satu tempat asal, dan satu bahan.Kata kunci: penamaan, unsur tumbuhan dan hewan, semantik inkuisitif
Increased sCD163 and sCD14 Plasmatic Levels and Depletion of Peripheral Blood Pro-Inflammatory Monocytes, Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Patients With Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Zingaropoli Maria Antonella , Nijhawan Parni , Carraro Anna , Pasculli Patrizia , Zuccalà Paola , Perri Valentina , Marocco Raffaella , Kertusha Blerta , Siccardi Guido , Del Borgo Cosmo , Curtolo Ambrogio , Ajassa Camilla , Iannetta Marco , Ciardi Maria Rosa , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Lichtner Miriam 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundEmerging evidence argues that monocytes, circulating innate immune cells, are principal players in COVID-19 pneumonia. The study aimed to investigate the role of soluble (s)CD163 and sCD14 plasmatic levels in predicting disease severity and characterize peripheral blood monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (COVID-19 subjects).MethodsOn admission, in COVID-19 subjects sCD163 and sCD14 plasmatic levels, and peripheral blood monocyte and DC subsets were compared to healthy donors (HDs). According to clinical outcome, COVID-19 subjects were divided into ARDS and non-ARDS groups.ResultsCompared to HDs, COVID-19 subjects showed higher sCD163 (p&lt;0.0001) and sCD14 (p&lt;0.0001) plasmatic levels. We observed higher sCD163 plasmatic levels in the ARDS group compared to the non-ARDS one (p=0.002). The cut-off for sCD163 plasmatic level greater than 2032 ng/ml was predictive of disease severity (AUC: 0.6786, p=0.0022; sensitivity 56.7% [CI: 44.1–68.4] specificity 73.8% [CI: 58.9–84.7]). Positive correlation between plasmatic levels of sCD163, LDH and IL-6 and between plasmatic levels of sCD14, D-dimer and ferritin were found. Compared to HDs, COVID-19 subjects showed lower percentages of non-classical (p=0.0012) and intermediate monocytes (p=0.0447), slanDCs (p&lt;0.0001), myeloid DCs (mDCs, p&lt;0.0001), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs, p=0.0014). Compared to the non-ARDS group, the ARDS group showed lower percentages of non-classical monocytes (p=0.0006), mDCs (p=0.0346), and pDCs (p=0.0492).ConclusionsThe increase in sCD163 and sCD14 plasmatic levels, observed on hospital admission in COVID-19 subjects, especially in those who developed ARDS, and the correlations of these monocyte/macrophage activation markers with typical inflammatory markers of COVID-19 pneumonia, underline their potential use to assess the risk of progression of the disease. In an early stage of the disease, the assessment of sCD163 plasmatic levels could have clinical utility in predicting the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Retrospective and Systematic Analysis of Causes and Outcomes of Thrombotic Microangiopathies in Routine Clinical Practice: An 11-Year Study
Authors: Henry Nicolas , Mellaza Chloé , Fage Nicolas , Beloncle François , Genevieve Franck , Legendre Guillaume , Orvain Corentin , Garnier Anne-Sophie , Cousin Maud , Besson Virginie , Subra Jean-François , Duveau Agnès , Augusto Jean-François , Brilland Benoit 
Published: February 2021

Background: Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) are highly suspected in patients showing mechanical hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and haptoglobin consumption. Primary [thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome] and secondary TMA are considered. Even if ADAMTS13 measurements and alternative complement pathway explorations have greatly improved the ability to identify primary TMA, their diagnosis remains difficult, and their frequency relative to that of secondary TMA is undetermined. The objectives of the present study were, therefore, to describe the etiologies, management, and the outcomes of patients presenting with TMA in real-life clinical practice.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study between 01/01/2008 and 31/12/2018 that included all consecutive patients presenting with biological TMA syndrome at admission or developing during hospitalization. Patients were identified from the laboratory databases, and their medical files were reviewed to confirm TMA diagnosis, to determine etiology, and to analyze their therapeutic management and outcomes.Results: During this period, 239 patients with a full TMA biological syndrome were identified, and the TMA diagnosis was finally confirmed in 216 (90.4%) after the cases were reviewed. Primary TMAs (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome) were diagnosed in 20 of 216 patients (9.3%). Typical HUS was diagnosed in eight patients (3.7%), and the most frequent secondary TMAs were HELLP syndrome (79/216, 36.6%) and active malignancies (30/219, 13.9%). ADAMTS13 measurements and alternative complement pathway analyses were performed in a minority of patients. Multiple factors identified as TMA triggers were present in most patients, in 55% of patients with primary TMA, vs. 44.7% of patients with secondary TMA (p = 0.377). Death occurred in 57 patients (23.4%) during follow-up, and dialysis was required in 51 patients (23.6%). Active malignancies [odds ratio (OR) 13.7], transplantation (OR 4.43), male sex (OR 2.89), and older age (OR 1.07) were significantly associated with death.Conclusion: Secondary TMAs represent many TMA causes in patients presenting a full TMA biological syndrome during routine clinical practice. Multiple factors favoring TMA are present in about half of primary or secondary TMA. ADAMTS13 and complement pathway were poorly explored in our cohort. The risk of death is particularly high in patients with malignancies as compared with patients with other TMA.
Ginsenoside Rb1 Alleviates Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibiting Steatosis, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation
Authors: Lai Yuqi , Tan Qinxiang , Xv Shu , Huang Sha , Wang Yuhua , Li Yunjia , Zeng Ting , Mo Chan , Chen Yuyao , Huang Shaohui , Zhou Chuying , Gao Lei , Lv Zhiping 
Published: February 2021

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has become a heavy burden on health worldwide. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), extracted from Panax quinquefolium L., has protective effects on many diseases, but the effect and mechanisms of GRb1 on ALD remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of GRb1 on ALD and to discover the potential mechanisms. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to 350 mM ethanol for 32 h to establish a model of acute alcoholic liver injury, and the larvae were then treated with 6.25, 12.5, or 25 μM GRb1 for 48 h. The human hepatocyte cell line was stimulated by 100 mM ethanol and meanwhile incubated with 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μM GRb1 for 24 h. The lipid changes were detected by Oil Red O staining, Nile Red staining, and triglyceride determination. The antioxidant capacity was assessed by fluorescent probes in vivo, and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that GRb1 alleviated lipid deposition in hepatocytes at an optimal concentration of 12.5 μM in vivo. GRb1 reversed the reactive oxygen species accumulation caused by alcohol consumption and partially restored the level of glutathione. Furthermore, GRb1 ameliorated liver inflammation by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration in the liver parenchyma and downregulating the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B pathway-associated proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. This study revealed that GRb1 has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury due to its resistance to lipid deposition as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. These findings suggest that GRb1 may be a promising candidate against ALD.
Efficacy of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Non-athletic Adults. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kemmler Wolfgang , Shojaa Mahdieh , Steele James , Berger Joshua , Fröhlich Michael , Schoene Daniel , von Stengel Simon , Kleinöder Heinz , Kohl Matthias 
Published: February 2021

This systematic review and meta-analysis set out to determine the efficacy on whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on body composition and strength parameters in non-athletic cohorts. A systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA statement included (a) controlled trials, (b) WB-EMS trials with at least one exercise and one control group, (c) WB-EMS as primary physical intervention, (d) WB-EMS with at least six electrodes covering most muscle groups, (e) non-athletic cohorts. We searched eight electronic databases up to June 30, 2020, without language restrictions. Standardized mean differences (SMD) for muscle mass parameters, total body fat mass, maximum leg extension, and trunk extension strength were defined as outcome measures. In summary, 16 studies with 19 individual WB-EMS groups representing 897 participants were included. Studies vary considerably with respect to age, BMI, and physical conditions. Impulse protocols of the studies were roughly comparable, but training frequency (1–5 sessions/week) and intervention length (6–54 weeks) differed between the studies. SMD average was 1.23 (95%-CI: 0.71–1.76) for muscle mass, 0.98 (0.74–1.22) for maximum leg, and 1.08 (0.78–1.39) for maximum trunk extension strength changes (all p &lt; 0.001). SMD for body fat changes (−0.40, [−0.98 to 0.17]), however, did not reach significance. I2 and Q-statistics revealed substantial heterogeneity of muscle and fat mass changes between the trials. However, rank and regression tests did not indicate positive evidence for small-study bias and funnel plot asymmetries. This work provided further evidence for significant, large-sized effects of WB-EMS on muscle mass and strength parameters, but not on body fat mass.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, PROSPERO; ID: CRD42020183059.
Cognitive Gain or Handicap: Magical Ideation and Self-Absorption in Clinical and Non-clinical Participants
Authors: Kállai János , Vincze Gábor , Török Imre András , Hargitai Rita , Rózsa Sándor , Hartung István , Tamás István , Láng András , Herold Róbert 
Published: February 2021

Background: This study aimed to examine magical ideation and absorption traits across non-clinical and clinical groups to determine their potential adaptive and maladaptive functions.Method: We enrolled 760 healthy participants from neighboring communities (female = 53.2%). Moreover, we recruited 318 patients (female = 66.5%), which included 25, 183, and 110 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders, respectively. Potentially adaptive and maladaptive sociocognitive functions were measured to determine the role of magical ideation and self-absorption in patients with psychiatric disorders.Results: The degree of magical ideation and absorption gradually increased in the following order: anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, enhanced self-absorption-related enhanced consciousness traits were essential indicators of the presence of self-integration weakness in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Conclusion: Magical ideation and psychological absorption may be considered as mental model construction functions, which result in both gains and handicaps in social adaptation.