bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of weight loss during definitive radiotherapy in patients with laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yurut-Caloglu Vuslat , Caloglu Murat , Turkkan Gorkem 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The aim of this study is to determine the prognostic significance of weight loss (WL) on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with locally advanced unresectable laryngeal carcinoma undergoing definitive radiotherapy (RT) or chemo-RT (CRT) in a single institution.

Patients and Methods:
One hundred and thirty-two patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma were included in this study retrospectively. All patients were treated with definitive RT or CRT. The tumor and metastatic lymph nodes received 70 Gy. Subclinical disease (low-risk and high-risk area) was irradiated 50–60 Gy prophylactically. Unintentional WL ≥5% was defined as the “critical level.” Bodyweight was evaluated on the 1st day of RT and once a week during RT. Caloric needs were calculated as 25–30 kcal/kg/day.

Results:
Median follow-up was 17.8 months (range: 2.35–85 months). During treatment, there was a statistically significant WL in patients (P = 0.004). WL was ≥5% in 62 (47%) of the patients. There was a statistically significant relationship between WL and tumor differentiation (P = 0.004), completion of treatment (P = 0.004), WHO performance status (P < 0.0001), T stage (P = 0.003), N stage (P = 0.049), and supraglottic tumor location (P = 0.005). In the univariate analysis, WL, WHO performance status, T stage, N stage, tumor localization, and tumor differentiation, were seen to affect OS. Additionally, WL, WHO performance status, N stage, and tumor differentiation were prognostic factors for PFS. In the multivariate analysis, it was observed that only WL and WHO performance status were significant factors for both OS (P = 0.001, and P < 0.01) and PFS (P < 0.001, and P < 0.001), respectively. Three-year OS and PFS was 50.3% and 19.5% for patients with WL versus 77.8% and 49.0% for patients without WL.

Conclusions:
It is clear that WL has prognostic significance in patients who have undergone definitive RT or CRT due to locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma. In particular, it should be taken into consideration that patients with supraglottic tumor, lymph node involvement, and poor performance status are at greater risk for WL.
Biochemical and molecular anticancer approaches for Boerhaavia diffusa root extracts in oral cancer
Authors: Gunaseelan Dharani , Ali Mohamed Sharmila , Albert Abhishek , Prabhakaran Rajkumar , Beno Daniel Lysias , Nagarethinam Baskaran 
Published: July 2021

Background:

Boerhaavia diffusa is a medicinal herb with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties, found across India.

Aim and Objectives:
The present study is designed to investigate the therapeutic potential for B. diffusa root extracts in oral cancer cell line.

Materials and Methods:
The aqueous and methanolic extracts of B. diffusa were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. In order to determine the phytochemical constituents of B. diffusa, the extracts were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The antioxidant potential of B. diffusa extracts was assessed by 2,2-Diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl, ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power, catalase and peroxidase assays. The effective concentration of B. diffusa root on cell viability was analyzed by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. The ability of B. diffusa root extracts to modify the cell-cycle phases was performed by FACS analysis. The apoptotic inducing potential of B. diffusa in oral cancer cells was confirmed by acridine orange-ethidium bromide and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. The protein profile of apoptotic processes was validated by the Western blot analysis; docking studies were also performed.

Results:
We observed that antioxidant activity was higher in B. diffusa methanolic extract compared with aqueous extract. The results showed that the methanolic and aqueous extracts of B. diffusa exhibited significant cytotoxic effect with IC50 value of 36 μg/ml and 30 μg/ml, respectively. The apoptotic DNA fragmentation and the apoptotic inducing potential in KB oral cancer cell line were higher for the methanolic extract compared with the aqueous extract. These results were also confirmed by in-silico analysis.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that extracts obtained from the roots of B. diffusa inhibit the progression of oral cancer. These compounds of pharmacological importance can be either used alone or in combination with other drugs to treat oral cancer.
Educational approaches for assessing knowledge about and actions of educators in response to dental avulsion
Authors: Lima Jacqueline , Caldarelli Pablo Guilherme , Rocha Juliana Schaia , Fagundes Tomazinho Flávia Sens , Fariniuk Luiz Fernando , Baratto-Filho Flares , Leão Gabardo Marilisa Carneiro 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Dental trauma affects especially schoolchildren and adolescents. Educators, the responsible for the first appointment, have a fundamental role in the prognosis of dental avulsion that occurred in this environment.

Aim:
To evaluate the educational approaches for assessing knowledge and actions in response to dental avulsion among educators.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional and quanti–qualitative study included 197 teachers and 24 pedagogical coordinators (PCs), from the public schools of Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil.

Methods:
A questionnaire was initially administered regarding the knowledge about avulsion to all participants. Teachers just read a manual and answered the questionnaire after 30 days. PCs were divided into (n = 12): G1 – manual + fictitious scenario of avulsion and G2 – active methodology + fictitious scenario. The questionnaire was re-administered to all.

Statistical Analysis:
Quantitative data were analyzed statistically. For the qualitative stage, two questions were proposed and the Bardin's analysis was performed.

Results:
For teachers, knowledge about avulsion increased after the intervention (P < 0.001), except as related to cleaning the tooth (P = 0.21). Activities involving G1 and G2 also led to an increase in knowledge, but no difference occurred in this increase between the approaches (P = 0.14). Qualitative analysis highlighted the need for calm and for performing actions that could favor a good prognosis in cases of avulsion.

Conclusions:
The level of knowledge increased after interventions, but no significant differences between the educational approaches were found.
The association between the salivary cortisol level of mothers, children's temperament, and early childhood caries
Authors: Abedizadeh Hossein , Faramarzi Mahbobeh , Khafri Soraya , Qujeq Qurdi , Ahangary Majid , Ghasempour Maryam 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Multiple factors can affect early childhood caries (ECC). Maternal stress and child's temperament, as predictors of child behavior, are among factors that may be associated with ECC.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the salivary cortisol level of mothers as an indicator of maternal stress, child's temperament, and ECC.

Methods:
Ninety preschool children, who were divided into three groups of ECC, severe ECC (S-ECC), and caries-free (CF), were included in this study, as well as their mothers with no history of anxiety disorders. The salivary cortisol levels of mothers were analyzed using ELISA assay. Children were examined for the evidence of caries, using the decayed-missing-filled teeth index, based on the World Health Organization standard criteria. Child temperament was also assessed, using Cloninger's Preschool Temperament and Character Inventory, consisting of seven significant factors (cooperativeness, harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward dependence, persistence, self-directing, and self-transcendence).

Results:
The association between the salivary cortisol level of mothers and temperament of children with S-ECC was positive although it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Of seven temperament factors, only harm avoidance was significantly different between the CF and S-ECC groups (P = 0.016).

Conclusion:
Maternal stress and child's temperament were not associated with ECC. Based on the present findings, children with less harm avoidance may be more prone to S-ECC.
Oral healthcare-related perception, utilization, and barriers among schoolteachers
Authors: Mohanty Vikrant , Jain Swati , Grover Shekhar 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Health perceptions play an important part influencing health care utilization. Oral health messages and practices advocated by teachers can ensure better compliance by the students.

Aims and Objectives:
The present study aimed to assess qualitative insight regarding the perception and outlook of the school teachers understanding probable barriers regarding oral health care seeking behavior.

Materials and Methods:
Phenomenology type of qualitative research design was used amongst 44 school teachers of a Senior Secondary Government School of Delhi selected through convenient sampling. One to one in-depth interview was taken in 03 sections: demographic details, knowledge of oral health and its significance in life along with commonly followed and recommended oral hygiene practices and their views regarding barriers to oral health. Summative content analysis was conducted. Frequency distribution of the observed keywords was analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results:
The mean age of teachers was 33.7 + 7.02 years (27-41 years). Every participant in the study felt that “oral health is integral part of overall health”. On inquiring the prime reason; it was quoted 'Awareness/affects general health' (15.2%) followed by 'Bad oral health affects academic performance' (9.6%). Regarding perceived barriers for dental service delivery l; the major roadblock perceived was “lack of awareness” (47.7%) followed by “financial barrier” (29.5%).Conclusion: The responses gave an insight regarding the basic need for further subject specific oral health education programs as a key for changing the current scenario. Future seminars and workshops remain the mainstream to appraise the knowledge for school staff.
Longitudinal evaluation of diastema closure in patients submitted to labial frenectomy in different phases of the mixed dentition
Authors: Pereira Rafael M.A , Helvécio Marangonn Jr , Tamara K Tamara , Alencar Cassio J.F , Cacio Moura-Netto , Anna Carolina V Mello-Moura 
Published: July 2021

Background:
There is a controversy in the literature concerning the indications for frenectomy to treat interincisal diastema. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the spontaneous closure of the interincisal diastema in patients submitted to upper labial frenectomy (ULF) during the mixed dentition.

Materials and Methods:
Records from patients treated between 2009 and 2014 in the course of Pediatric Dentistry Surgery at Fundecto–USP were evaluated to select those that were submitted to ULF during the mixed dentition using the Chelotti technique. Initial clinic characteristics and radiographic data related to the abnormal upper labial frenum were collected. The patients were called for a return visit to evaluate the diastema closure. The prevalence of children with diastema reduction after the frenectomy was determined by descriptive analysis. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between exposure factors and diastema reduction.

Results:
From 449 eligible records, 53 were selected and 25 were in a return visit. It was not possible to find association between the exposure factors and diastema closure.

Conclusion:
There is no relation between the time of surgery intervention and diastema closure. However, the intervention during the mixed dentition led to a partial diastema reduction in 80% of the cases.
Portugueses no vale do café – indícios de formação de uma rede de sociabilidades
Authors: Mattos Raimundo César de Oliveira 
Published: July 2021

RESUMO
Aos portugueses que aportavam no Brasil desde o século XVI foram impostas novas condições de vida às quais tiveram que se adaptar destacando-se, aqui, o período imediatamente seguinte à emancipação política e o da formação da boa sociedade do Vale do Paraíba Fluminense a partir da exploração cafeeira, formando redes de sociabilidades e estratégias de poder. Nesta região, durante o oitocentos, podem ser identificados alguns indícios dessas redes, mediante a análise de jornais, documentos privados e outros. É o que propõe o estudo realizado por esse artigo.

ABSTRACT
New life conditions were imposed to the Portuguese who landed in Brazil since the 16thcentury, conditions to which they had to adapt themselves, particularly, here, during the period that followed the political emancipation and the formation of the good society of the Paraiba Valley in Rio de Janeiro State based on thecoffee plantations, establishing webs of sociability and strategies of power. In this region, during the 1800s, some signs of these webs can be identified, through the analysis of newspapers, private documents and others. That is what is intended in the study carried on for this article.
Metodologia para definição da sub-rede de transporte de produtos perigosos em áreas urbanas
Authors: Da Costa Ely Emerson Santos , Ribeiro Paulo Cezar Martins 
Published: July 2021

RESUMO
Em muitas cidades brasileiras não existe a menor indicação de rotas preferenciais para o transporte de cargas, estudo da demanda, estabelecimento de horários permitidos etc. Estas informações são elementos fundamentais para o bom funcionamento do serviço. No que se refere ao transporte de cargas, a categoria dos produtos perigosos possui características peculiares que devem ser estudadas de maneira diferenciada. Principalmente quando este transporte é feito em áreas urbanas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo criar uma metodologia para a definição de uma sub-rede para o transporte de produtos perigosos em áreas urbanas, utilizando dados da densidade populacional, meio ambiente, limite de velocidade e índice de acidentes. Utilizou-se o método de análise hierárquica e um sistema de informações geográficas específico da área de transportes.

ABSTRACT
In many Brazilians cities there is no indication of preferred routes for the transport of goods, study of demands, timetabling allowed etc. These informations are crucial to the operation of the service. Regarding the transport of goods the category of dangerous goods has characteristics that should be studied in a different way. Especially when this transport is done in urban areas. This work aims to create a methodology for definition of transportation of dangerous goods sub-network in urban areas, using data from population density, environment, speed limit and rate of accidents to choose the most suitable routes for the traffic of vehicles carrying dangerous goods. Were used the analytic hierarchy process and a geographic information system applied to transportation issues.
Utilização do corsim na escolha de uma alternativa para um corredor de tráfego congestionado
Authors: Moreira Rodolpho Barbosa , Da Costa Ely Emerson Santos 
Published: July 2021

RESUMO
Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um estudo realizado na cidade do Rio de janeiro, onde foi utilizado um programa de micro-simulação na tentativa de escolher a melhor alternativa para uma via arterial primária, que faz a ligação do centro com a zona norte da cidade e que possui vários pontos de retenção nos horários de pico. Para a realização deste trabalho foram pesquisados os volumes de tráfego, os tempos de permanência dos ônibus nos pontos de parada e as suas frequências, os ciclos semafóricos adotados, entre outros dados que foram utilizados com intuito representar o cenário atual e as alternativas testadas para a solução do problema.

ABSTRACT
This paper aims to present a study carried out in the city of Rio de Janeiro, where a microsimulation program was used in an attempt to choose the best alternative for a primary arterial road, which connects the center with the northern zone of the city and has several stops at peak hours. To carry out this work we researched the traffic volumes, the dwell times of buses at stops and their frequencies, the traffic light cycles adopted, among other data that were used in order to represent the current scenario and the alternatives tested to solve the problem.
Avaliação da mortalidade por COVID-19 no Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Silva Diogo Leonardo Santos , Da Silva Alison Pontes , Silva Letícia de Oliveira , Silva André Alan Santos , Martins Glaucia Veríssimo Faheina 
Published: July 2021

RESUMO
A doença do coronavírus 2019 afetou todos os estados da região Nordeste no tocante à mortalidade, com destaque para os estados de Sergipe, Ceará e Pernambuco que detiveram as maiores taxas brutas de mortalidade.

ABSTRACT
Coronavirus 2019 disease affected all states in the Northeast region in terms of mortality, with the states of Sergipe, Ceará and Pernambuco having the highest crude mortality rates.
Los nuevos estudiantes en la carrera de Medicina. La visión de ocho generaciones: 2008 a 2015
Authors: Nava Bernabé Ríos , Estrada J. Ramón Olivo 
Published: July 2021

RESUMEN
La Unidad Académica de Medicina (UAM) de la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit (UAN) es la principal institución formadora de médicos en la entidad. Cada ciclo escolar, de acuerdo al número de aspirantes, se muestra como la primera opción y la más solicitada para los egresados de la educación media superior. El pasado ciclo 2015-2016 el número de aspirantes superó los 1,400. Se ha observado que los estudiantes de primer ingreso, desde hace ocho años, han mostrado, a lo largo de su vida familiar y social, diversos cambios socioeconómicos y familiares, que han impactado de manera importante el curriculum y la organización interna de la institución. A partir de esta realidad, se hace un análisis de estos y se los relaciona con aspectos de infraestructura, situación y condiciones laborales del personal y cuerpos académicos.

ABSTRACT
The Academic Unit of Medicine (UAM) of the Autonomous University of Nayarit (UAN) is the main medical training institution in the state. Each school year, according to the number of applicants, it is shown as the first and most requested option for high school graduates. Last 2015-2016 cycle, the number of applicants exceeded 1,400. It has been observed that first year students, since eight years ago, have shown, throughout their family and social life, several socioeconomic and family changes, which have significantly impacted the curriculum and the internal organization of the institution. Based on this reality, an analysis of these changes is made and they are related to aspects of infrastructure, situation and working conditions of the staff and academic bodies.
Hipomelanosis macular progresiva: respuesta al tratamiento con minociclina
Authors: Giusti Fátima , Consigli Carlos , Consigli Javier , Cippitelli Lorena , Mazzotta Marco 
Published: July 2021

La hipomelanosis macular progresiva (HMP) es una dermatosis caracterizada por máculas hipopigmentadas, que se observa con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres y en los fototipos III y IV. Se ha asociado a Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) de tipo III como factor etiológico.
Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 30 años, con máculas hipopigmentadas redondeadas en el tronco y la raíz de los miembros inferiores, de 10 años de evolución. El estudio histológico informó disminución del número de melanocitos y de pigmento melánico en la capa basal e infiltrado inflamatorio mononuclear perivascular superficial. Se indicó minociclina 100 mg/día por vía oral durante 8 meses, tras lo cual se observó la resolución total de las lesiones.
Program Kampung Literasi dalam Menumbuhkan Minat Baca Siswa SD/MI Desa Pandulangan Hulu Sungai Selata
Authors: Muhammad Iqbal Ansari  , Nor Saidah  , Jumiati  
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Kampung Literasi program in increasing the reading interest of the students in Pandulang Village, Padang Batung Subdistrict and to describe the inhibiting and supporting factors of the Kampung Literasi Program in Pandulang Village. This research uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. This research uses observation, interview, and documentation to collect the data. The data analysis technique used in this research is analysis of qualitative data, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Test the validity of the data in this study using triangulation. Triangulation in credibility testing is defined as checking data from various ways and at various times. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Kampung Literasi program is running well and that students frequently visit every Friday because every Friday morning there is a visit from the Library and Archives Office of Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency in the form of a reading park car and smart motorbikes. The inhibiting factors for the the Kampung Literasi program in Pandulang village were students' lack of motivation towards reading interest, inadequate space, and weather factors. Meanwhile, the supporting factors for the Literacy Village program in Pandulang village were facilities and infrastructure, the availability of reading materials and government support.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIRTH PREPAREDNESS AND COMPLICATION READINESS AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING PRENATAL CLINIC IN GEM SUB COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Okumu Michael , Kereri Deborah 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:To compare the levels of birth preparedness and complication readiness among women receiving group versus those receiving individual prenatal care.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental study that utilized the pre-test/post-test design with random assignment to either group or individual care. The recruitment of respondents was done over a period of six weeks. The sample size was determined using Pocock’s formulae. During recruitment, 175 respondents were enrolled in the study. 59 respondents were recruited at Malanga, 48 at Nyawara, 35 at Ndere and 33 at Marenyo. This distribution was based on population targets assigned by the Sub-County Health Team and facility performance data retrieved from DHIS. (n = 175).Demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Bivariate analysis was used to determine and control for any confounders. Differences between control and intervention arms were determined using chi-square and independent samples t-tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Findings:The mean age for both arms was 24.1 years. In the intervention arm, 16% were not married while 84% were married while in the control group 15% and 85% were not married and married respectively. Level of education was matched with those having primary level education being more than half (53%) while those with secondary level education and tertiary level education were 40% and 7% respectively. A total of 32 respondents in the intervention group attended the second prenatal care visit at Malanga, 22 at Nyawara, 12 at Ndere and 15 at Marenyo. During the third visit, 28, 23, 13 and 13 respondents attended group sessions at Malanga, Nyawara, Ndere and Marenyo. Birth preparedness and complication readiness was 17% during pre-test. There was no significant difference in birth preparedness and complication readiness in the intervention and control group (p>0.05). Regarding any form of preparation made, the majority of the clients (91% and 89%) in the intervention and control groups respectively had made some form of preparation. With regards to the identification of a skilled birth attendant, 88% in the intervention and 94% in control had identified a skilled birth attendant.
Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that standards and guidelines for group prenatal care be developed to enable its implementation in prenatal care