bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forage potential of winter‐hardy perennial ryegrass populations in monoculture and binary alfalfa mixture
Authors: Wiering Nicholas P. , Ehlke Nancy J. , Catalano Devan , Martinson Krishona , Sheaffer Craig C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a cool‐season grass valued for its grazing characteristics and nutritive value. MSP3984 and MSP4029, breeding populations selected for winter‐hardiness, were evaluated for biomass and nutritive value in monoculture and grass–alfalfa mixtures (Medicago sativa L.). Plots were sampled at conventional hay harvest intervals at three Minnesota locations for two production years, 2017 and 2018. Persistence was evaluated in the spring of the 3rd year, 2019. MSP3984 and MSP4029 were compared to commercial cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.), tall fescue (F. arundinacea Schreb.), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Location and year × location effects largely influenced grass monoculture yields (p < .001) and botanical composition of mixtures (p < .001). In general, perennial ryegrass monocultures yielded less and were less persistent (p < .05) compared to the other cool‐season grasses. Biomass, nutritive value, and persistence did not differ among MSP3984, MSP4029, and the perennial ryegrass check ‘Remington’. However, MSP4029 was less competitive in grass–alfalfa mixtures than ‘Remington’ (p = .01). Perennial ryegrasses had lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations than meadow fescue (p = .001) and orchardgrass (p < .001). Perennial ryegrasses also had lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) values on average than the other grasses, but cultivar effects were influenced by a year × location interaction (p = .02). This research reinforces (a) the importance of evaluating cool‐season forage grasses across latitudinal and precipitation gradients, (b) the value of grass–legume mixtures for yield stability compared to monocultures across locations and production years, and (c) the sustained need to improve forage production and persistence of perennial ryegrass for cold environments.
Macronutrient composition of olive baboon (Papio anubis) milk: A comparison to rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) milk
Authors: Glick Virginia J. , Bentley‐Condit Vicki K. , Power Michael L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to (1) characterize the macronutrient composition of olive baboon (Papio anubis) milk, (2) compare baboon milk composition to that of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and (3) evaluate the association between the proportion of milk energy derived from protein and relative growth rate within anthropoid primates. A single milk sample was collected from each of eight lactating olive baboons ranging between 47‐ and 129‐days postparturition and six rhesus macaques from 15‐ to 92‐days living at the same institution under identical management conditions. Macronutrient composition (water, fat, protein sugar, and ash) was determined using standard techniques developed at the Nutrition Laboratory at the Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Baboon milk on average contained 86.0% ± 0.6% water, 4.7% ± 0.5% fat, 1.6% ± 0.04% protein, 7.3% ± 0.07% sugar, and 0.165% ± 0.007% ash. Baboon milk gross energy (GE) averaged 0.81 ± 0.04 kcal/g with 51.9% ± 2.6% from fat, 11.8% ± 0.7% from protein, and 36.2% ± 2.0% from sugar. Baboon milk demonstrated strong similarity to milk composition of the closely phylogenetically related rhesus macaque (86.1% ± 0.3% water, 4.1% ± 0.4% fat, 1.69% ± 0.05% protein, 7.71% ± 0.08% sugar, 0.19% ± 0.01% ash, and 0.78 kcal/g). There was no statistical difference between baboon and macaque milk in the proportions of energy from fat, sugar, and protein. Baboon milk can be described as a high sugar, moderate fat, and low protein milk with moderate energy density, which is consistent with their lactation strategy characterized by frequent, on‐demand nursing and relatively slow life history compared to nonprimate mammal taxa. The milk energy from protein of both baboon and macaque (12.8% ± 0.3%) milk was intermediate between the protein milk energy of platyrrhine (19.3%–23.2%) and hominoid (8.9%–12.6%) primates, consistent with their relative growth rates also being intermediate. Compared to these cercopithecid monkeys, platyrrhine primates have both higher relative growth rates and higher milk energy from protein, while apes tend to be lower in both.
Commentary on Allegations of child sexual abuse: An empirical analysis of published judgements from the Family Court of Australia 2012–2019
Authors: Sheehan Rosemary 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis commentary responds to Webb et al.’s (Australian Journal of Social Issues, 2021) study of published judgements of allegations of child sexual abuse from the Family Court of Australia 2012–2019. The study offers important empirical data to inform critical debates about the challenges associated with legal decision making about children alleged to be at risk of sexual harm in the context of parental separation. The research findings form the outcomes of 521 published judgements highlight that more needs to be known about how to respond to alleged sexual harm, raised by a parent, to assist the court in identifying factors attached to cases and what are effective responses.
What is paradoxical lucidity? The answer begins with its definition
Authors: Peterson Andrew , Clapp Justin , Largent Emily A. , Harkins Kristin , Stites Shana D. , Karlawish Jason 
Published: August 2021

AbstractParadoxical lucidity in dementia is a clinically significant but understudied phenomenon. A provisional definition was proposed by the 2018 National Institute on Aging expert workshop and published in Alzheimer's and Dementia. However, several conceptual features of this definition remain vague, creating barriers to robust clinical research. Here, we critically analyze the provisional definition and present a refined definition that can be applied in clinical research. The refined definition is based on an analytic process our research group recently undertook to operationalize paradoxical lucidity for our own study protocol. Our goal is to facilitate debate and potentially harmonize interpretations of paradoxical lucidity among research groups.
Hard X‐Ray Nanotomography for 3D Analysis of Coking in Nickel‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Weber Sebastian , Batey Darren , Cipiccia Silvia , Stehle Matthias , Abel Ken L. , Gläser Roger , Sheppard Thomas L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding catalyst deactivation by coking is crucial for knowledge‐based catalyst and process design in reactions with carbonaceous species. Post‐mortem analysis of catalyst coking is often performed by bulk characterization methods. Here, hard X‐ray ptychographic computed tomography (PXCT) was used to study Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for CO2 methanation and CH4 dry reforming after artificial coking treatment. PXCT generated quantitative 3D maps of local electron density at ca. 80 nm resolution, allowing to visualize and evaluate the severity of coking in entire catalyst particles of ca. 40 μm diameter. Coking was primarily revealed in the nanoporous solid, which was not detectable in resolved macropores. Coke formation was independently confirmed by operando Raman spectroscopy. PXCT is highlighted as an emerging characterization tool for nanoscale identification, co‐localization, and potentially quantification of deactivation phenomena in 3D space within entire catalyst particles.
Skeletal Editing—Nitrogen Deletion of Secondary Amines by Anomeric Amide Reagents
Authors: Zippel Christoph , Seibert Jasmin , Bräse Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLate‐stage modification is highly desirable for the diversification and modification of biologically active compounds. Peripheral editing (e.g., C−H activation) has been the predominant methodology, whereas skeletal editing is in its infancy. The single‐atom N‐deletion using anomeric amide reagents constitutes a powerful tool to modify the underlying molecular skeletons of secondary amines. N‐pivaloyloxy‐N‐alkoxyamide is easily prepared on a large scale and promotes C−C bond formation in good yields under the extrusion of N2 for a variety of (cyclic) aliphatic amines. The exploitation of widely available amines allows the use of existing amine synthesis protocols to translate into the construction of new C−C bonds, enabling ring contraction and the potential for structure optimization of biologically active compounds.
A CRET‐Based Multicolor Sensing Nanoplatform for Simultaneously and Sensitively Visualizing Multiple Circulating MicroRNAs
Authors: Xu Jie , Shi Lin , Wang Han , Li Tao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Tao Li at the University of Science and Technology of China. The cover picture shows the imaging strategy of multicolor chemiluminescence sensing platform for multiple miRNA sensing, which employs a smartphone as the detector. More information can be found in the 10.1002/anse.202100012.
Involving local people in the conservation of the critically endangered freshwater turtle Dermatemys mawii in southern Mexico
Authors: Tovar‐De la Cruz Mariana Yanel , Castro‐Pérez José Manuel , Rosas‐Luis Rigoberto 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The Central American river turtle Dermatemys mawii is one of the most endangered species in the world, and continues to decline. In Mexico, this turtle is legally protected but, in the rural areas where it is found, local people are not aware of why it is important to conserve it.
This study confirmed that D. mawii inhabits lakes in southern Mexico, and that these areas are among the last refuges for this species inside and outside protected areas in the wild.
A lack of knowledge about its endangered status among local people means that a strategy of environmental education is needed.
Co2‐xRhxP Nanoparticles for Overall Water Splitting in Basic Media: Activation by Phase‐Segregation‐Assisted Nanostructuring at the Anode
Authors: Mutinda Samuel I. , Batugedara Tharanga N. , Brown Benjamin , Brock Stephanie L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe application of Co2‐xRhxP nanoparticles as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and overall water splitting in basic media is reported. The experimental design seeks to dilute rhodium with earth‐abundant cobalt as a means to lower the cost of the material and achieve catalytic synergism, as reported for related bimetallic phosphides. The HER activity of Co2‐xRhxP is found to be composition‐dependent, with the rhodium‐rich compositions being more active as compared to their cobalt‐rich counterparts, with overpotentials (η) at 10 mA/cm2geometric of 58.1–63.9 mV vs. 82.1–188.1 mV, respectively. In contrast, Co‐rich Co2‐xRhxP nanoparticles are active for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process in basic media, with η= 290 mV for x=0.25. A full water electrolysis cell was created using the most active compositions for OER and HER as the anode and cathode, respectively, generating an overall η= 390 mV. Notably, the cell became more active over a 50 h stability test, increasing by 2 mV/cm2geometric at a constant applied voltage of 1.62 V vs NHE. This enhanced activity correlates with nanoscale phase segregation of Rh in the anode. Thus, the lower overpotential achieved for Co1.75Rh0.25P relative to Co2P, and the augmented activity over time in the former, may be a consequence of restructuring of the anode driven by Rh phase‐segregation. The augmentation in activity at the anode more than compensates for small losses at the cathode.
Unraveling Property‐Performance Relationships by Surface Tailoring of Oxidation Catalysts via ALD
Authors: Knemeyer Kristian , Epping Jan Dirk , Rüther Frederik , Schulz Christian , Frank Benjamin , Müller Philipp , d'Alnoncourt Raoul Naumann , Driess Matthias , Rosowski Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) of POx on V2O5 powder was applied as a tool to tailor active and selective sites of a bulk catalyst. ALD leads to homogeneous P deposition on the V2O5 surface with linear increase of P content with each ALD cycle. The catalyst performance was evaluated and correlated to structural motifs identified by detailed characterization methods. The catalytic conversion of butane to maleic anhydride (MAN) was chosen as proof‐of‐concept reaction. The selectivity towards MAN increases with ALD cycle number from 1–3 ALD cycles and remains constant at higher ALD cycles. Restructuring of the catalyst surface is induced by steam during reaction conditions at elevated temperatures. Excessive P is migrating away from the catalyst surface to form various VOPO4 polymorphs revealing partially but homogeneously covered V2O5 by P. The formed VOPO4 species barely contribute to the yield to MAN. Solid‐state 31P‐NMR was used to identify fingerprints relevant for selectivity and activity. This work shows that synthesizing model catalysts by atomic layer deposition combined with detailed analytics can reveal property‐performance relationships.
Platinum Indolylphosphine Fluorido and Polyfluorido Complexes: An Interplay between Cyclometallation, Fluoride Migration, and Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Sander Stefan , Müller Robert , Ahrens Mike , Kaupp Martin , Braun Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe reaction of [PtCl2(COD)] (COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) with diisopropyl‐2‐(3‐methyl)indolylphosphine (iPr2P(C9H8N)) led to the formation of the platinum(ii) chlorido complexes, cis‐[PtCl2{iPr2P(C9H8N)}2] (1) and trans‐[PtCl2{iPr2P(C9H8N)}2] (2). The cis‐complex 1 reacted with NEt3 yielding the complex cis‐[PtCl{κ2‐(P,N)‐iPr2P(C9H7N)}{iPr2P(C9H8N)}] (3) bearing a cyclometalated κ2‐(P,N)‐phosphine ligand, while the isomer 2 with a trans‐configuration did not show any reactivity towards NEt3. Treatment of 1 or 3 with (CH3)4NF (TMAF) resulted in the formation of the twofold cyclometalated complex cis‐[Pt{κ2‐(P,N)‐iPr2P(C9H7N)}2] (4). The molecular structures of the complexes 1–4 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The fluorido complex cis‐[PtF{κ2‐(P,N)‐iPr2P(C9H7N)}{iPr2P(C9H8N)}] ⋅ (HF)4 (5 ⋅ (HF)4) was formed when complex 4 was treated with different hydrogen fluoride sources. The Pt(ii) fluorido complex 5 ⋅ (HF)4 exhibits intramolecular hydrogen bonding in its outer coordination sphere between the fluorido ligand and the NH group of the 3‐methylindolyl moiety. In contrast to its chlorido analogue 3, complex 5 ⋅ (HF)4 reacted with CO or the ynamide 1‐(2‐phenylethynyl)‐2‐pyrrolidinone to yield the complexes trans‐[Pt(CO){κ2‐(P,C)‐iPr2P(C9H7NCO)}{iPr2P(C9H8N)}][F(HF)4] (7) and a complex, which we suggest to be cis‐[Pt{C=C(Ph)OCN(C3H6)}{κ2‐(P,N)‐iPr2P(C9H7N)}{iPr2P(C9H8N)}][F(HF)4] (9), respectively. The structure of 9 was assigned on the basis of DFT calculations as well as NMR and IR data. Hydrogen bonding of HF and NH to fluoride was proven to be crucial for the existence of 7 and 9.
Technical and basic terms in chemistry school books
Authors: Voß Tobias , Wagner Walter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract„Fachbegriff“ und „Grundbegriff“ sind spärlich definiert, spielen aber im Lern‐ und Prüfgeschehen eine bedeutende Rolle. Schulbüchern kommt diesbezüglich eine Vorbildfunktion zu. In einer Schulbuchreihe für Jgst. 8–10 wurden zunächst quantitativ Fachbegriffe gezählt und in Kategorien eingeteilt. Dies ergab nach Bereinigung von Mehrfachnennungen über 7700 Fachbegriffe. Danach wurde auf Grund einer Two‐Step‐Clusteranalyse nach Häufigkeit der Nennung und Vernetzung sowie nach Experten‐Rating ein Minimum von 108 Grundbegriffen formuliert, ohne die der Chemieunterricht nicht auskommt. Durch Vergleich dreier Schulbücher und den Einbezug von 9 Experten‐Rankings konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Ausweisen von Grundbegriffen in hohem Maß ein subjektiver Prozess ist. Deswegen wären normative Bemühungen aller Instanzen des Chemieunterrichts sehr sinnvoll.
AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Foils as Thin Anodes for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Maddegalla Ananya , Mukherjee Ayan , Blázquez J. Alberto , Azaceta Eneko , Leonet Olatz , Mainar Aroa R. , Kovalevsky Aleksey , Sharon Daniel , Martin Jean‐Frédéric , Sotta Dane , Ein‐Eli Yair , Aurbach Doron , Noked Malachi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, rechargeable Mg batteries (RMBs) technologies have attracted much attention because the use of thin Mg foil anodes may enable development of high‐energy‐density batteries. One of the most critical challenges for RMBs is finding suitable electrolyte solutions that enable efficient and reversible Mg cells operation. Most RMB studies concentrate on the development of novel electrolyte systems, while only few studies have focused on the practical feasibility of using pure metallic Mg as the anode material. Pure Mg metal anodes have been demonstrated to be useful in studying the fundamentals of nonaqueous Mg electrochemistry. However, pure Mg metal may not be suitable for mass production of ultrathin foils (<100 microns) due to its limited ductility. The metals industry overcomes this problem by using ductile Mg alloys. Herein, the feasibility of processing ultrathin Mg anodes in electrochemical cells was demonstrated by using AZ31 Mg alloys (3 % Al; 1 % Zn). Thin‐film Mg AZ31 anodes presented reversible Mg dissolution and deposition behavior in complex ethereal Mg electrolytes solutions that was comparable to that of pure Mg foils. Moreover, it was demonstrated that secondary Mg battery prototypes comprising ultrathin AZ31 Mg alloy anodes (≈25 μm thick) and MgxMo6S8 Chevrel‐phase cathodes exhibited cycling performance equal to that of similar cells containing thicker pure Mg foil anodes. The possibility of using ultrathin processable Mg metal anodes is an important step in the realization of rechargeable Mg batteries.
Regional amyloid accumulation predicts memory decline in initially cognitively unimpaired individuals
Authors: Collij Lyduine E. , Mastenbroek Sophie E. , Salvadó Gemma , Wink Alle Meije , Visser Pieter Jelle , Barkhof Frederik , van Berckel Bart. N.M. , Lopes Alves Isadora 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe value of quantitative longitudinal and regional amyloid beta (Aβ) measurements in predicting cognitive decline in initially cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals remains to be determined.MethodsWe selected 133 CU individuals with two or more [11C]Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PiB) scans and neuropsychological data from Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS‐3). Baseline and annualized distribution volume ratios were computed for a global composite and four regional clusters. The predictive value of Aβ measurements (baseline, slope, and interaction) on longitudinal cognitive performance was examined.ResultsGlobal performance could only be predicted by Aβ burden in an early cluster (precuneus, lateral orbitofrontal, and insula) and the precuneus region of interest (ROI) by itself significantly improved the model. Precuneal Aβ burden was also predictive of immediate and delayed episodic memory performance. In Aβ subjects at baseline (N = 93), lateral orbitofrontal Aβ burden predicted working and semantic memory performance.DiscussionQuantifying longitudinal and regional changes in Aβ can improve the prediction of cognitive functioning in initially CU individuals.
Leech removal is not the primary driver of basking behavior in a freshwater turtle
Authors: McKnight Donald T. , Wirth Wytamma , Schwarzkopf Lin , Nordberg Eric J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLeaving the water to bask (usually in the sun) is a common behavior for many freshwater turtles, with some species also engaging in “nocturnal basking.” Ectoparasite removal is an obvious hypothesis to explain nocturnal basking and has also been proposed as a key driver of diurnal basking. However, the efficacy of basking, day or night, to remove leeches has not been experimentally tested. Therefore, we examined the number of leeches that were removed from Krefft's river turtles (Emydura macquarii krefftii) after experimentally making turtles bask at a range of times of day, durations, and temperatures. Turtles had high initial leech loads, with a mean of 32.1 leeches per turtle. Diurnal basking under a heat lamp for 3 hr at ~28°C significantly reduced numbers of leeches relative to controls. In diurnal trials, 90.9% of turtles lost leeches (mean loss of 7.1 leeches per turtle), whereas basking for 30 min under the same conditions was not effective (no turtles lost leeches, and all turtles were still visibly wet). Similarly, “nocturnal basking” at ~23°C for 3 hr was not effective at removing leeches. Only 18% of turtles lost leeches (one turtle lost one leech and another lost four leeches). Diurnal basking outdoors under direct sunlight for 20 min (mean temp = 34.5°C) resulted in a small reduction in leeches, with 50% of turtles losing leeches and an average loss of 0.7 leeches per turtle. These results indicate basking can remove leeches if temperatures are high or basking durations are long. However, it was only effective at unusually long basking durations in this system. Our data showed even the 20‐min period was longer than 70.1% of natural diurnal basking events, many of which took place at cooler temperatures. Therefore, leech removal does not appear to be the purpose of the majority of basking events.
Kriging metamodeling for seismic response distribution estimation
Authors: Kyprioti Aikaterini P. , Taflanidis Alexandros A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper revisits the implementation of surrogate modeling (metamodeling) techniques within seismic risk assessment, for applications that the seismic hazard is described through stochastic ground motion models. Emphasis is placed on how to efficiently address the aleatoric uncertainty in the ground motions, stemming in this case from the stochastic sequence utilized within the excitation model. Previous work has accommodated this uncertainty by approximating the statistics of the engineering demand parameters (EDPs), something that required a large number of replication simulations (for different stochastic sequences) for each training point that was used to inform the metamodel calibration. Using kriging (Gaussian Process regression) as surrogate model, an alternative formulation is discussed here, aiming to minimize the replications for each training point. This is achieved by approximating directly the EDP distribution. It is shown that accommodating heteroscedastic behavior with respect to the aleatoric uncertainty is absolutely critical for achieving an accurate approximation, and two different approaches are presented for establishing this objective. The first approach adopts a stochastic kriging formulation, utilizing a small number of replications for judicially selected inputs, leveraging a secondary surrogate model over the latter inputs to address the heteroscedastic behavior. The second approach uses no replications, establishing a heteroscedastic nugget formulation to accommodate the EDP distribution estimation. A functional relationship is introduced between the nugget and the excitation intensity features to approximate the heteroscedastic behavior. This relationship is explicitly optimized during the metamodel calibration.