bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone structure assessed with pQCT in prepubertal males with delayed puberty or congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Varimo Tero , Miettinen Päivi J. , Laine Tiina , Salonen Pia , Tenhola Sirpa , Voutilainen Raimo , Huopio Hanna , Hero Matti , Raivio Taneli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveCongenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is associated with impaired bone mineral density in adulthood, whereas the estimates on bone structure in adolescents with CHH has not been previously evaluated. This study describes bone structure in CHH patients and compares it to that in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP).DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsPeripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of non‐dominant arm and left leg were performed. Volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content, and area in trabecular and cortical bone compartments were evaluated, and bone age‐adjusted Z‐scores for the bone parameters were determined.ResultsThe participants with CHH had more advanced bone age and were older, taller and heavier than the CDGP boys, yet they had lower trabecular BMD in distal radius (147.7 mg/mm3[95% CI, 128–168 mg/mm3] vs. 181.2 mg/mm3[172–192 mg/mm3],p = .002) and distal tibia (167.6 mg/mm3[145–190 mg/mm3] vs. 207.2 mg/mm3[187–227 mg/mm3],p = .012), respectively. CHH males had lower cortical thickness at diaphyseal tibia than the participants with CDGP (p = .001). These between‐group differences remained significant in correspondingZ‐scores adjusted for bone age and height (p = .001). In CDGP group, serum testosterone correlated positively with trabecular BMD (r = 0.51,p = .013) at distal radius, and estradiol levels correlated positively with trabecular BMD at the distal site of tibia (r = 0.58,p = .004).ConclusionsFive treatment‐naïve male patients with CHH exhibited poorer trabecular BMD than untreated males with CDGP. We speculate that timely low‐dose sex steroid replacement in CHH males may benefit skeletal health in adulthood.
Anthropogenic and environmental drivers shape diversity of naturalized plants across the Pacific
Authors: Wohlwend Michael R. , Craven Dylan , Weigelt Patrick , Seebens Hanno , Winter Marten , Kreft Holger , Zurell Damaris , Sarmento Cabral Juliano , Essl Franz , van Kleunen Mark , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Knight Tiffany M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe Pacific exhibits an exceptional number of naturalized plant species, but the drivers of this high diversity and the associated compositional patterns remain largely unknown. Here, we aim to (a) improve our understanding of introduction and establishment processes and (b) evaluate whether this information is sufficient to create scientific conservation tools, such as watchlists.LocationIslands in the Pacific Ocean, excluding larger islands such as New Zealand, Japan, the Philippines and Indonesia.MethodsWe combined information from the most up‐to‐date data sources to quantify naturalized plant species richness and turnover across island groups and investigate the effects of anthropogenic, biogeographic and climate drivers on these patterns. In total, we found 2,672 naturalized plant species across 481 islands and 50 island groups, with a total of 11,074 records.ResultsMost naturalized species were restricted to few island groups, and most island groups have a low number of naturalized species. Island groups with few naturalized species were characterized by a set of widespread naturalized species. Several plant families that contributed many naturalized species globally also did so in the Pacific, particularly Fabaceae and Poaceae. However, many families were significantly over‐ or under‐represented in the Pacific naturalized flora compared to other regions of the world. Naturalized species richness increased primarily with increased human activity and island altitude/area, whereas similarity between island groups in temperature along with richness differences was most important for beta diversity.Main conclusionsThe distribution and richness of naturalized species can be explained by a small set of drivers. The Pacific region contains many naturalized plant species also naturalized in other regions in the world, but our results highlight key differences such as a stronger role of anthropogenic drivers in shaping diversity patterns. Our results establish a basis for predicting and preventing future naturalizations in a threatened biodiversity hotspot.
Acute changes of left ventricular function during surgical revascularization by 3D speckle tracking
Authors: Chen Wanwen , Ortiz‐Leon Xochitl A. , Posada‐Martinez Edith Liliana , Pereira Jason , Dewar Michael L. , Darr Umer , Geirsson Arnar , Sugeng Lissa , Zhu Qingbing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDetecting early impact of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on left ventricular (LV) function is important because such measures may contribute to meaningful improvement in clinical outcomes. We aimed to gain knowledge about acute changes of LV performance during surgical revascularization using three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D STE).MethodsThirty‐five patients scheduled for CABG surgery who underwent intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were enrolled (mean age 68.9 ± 7.3 years). TEE was performed before and after surgery, as well as before and after grafting. 3D LV ejection fraction (LVEF), tissue motion annular displacement (TMAD) of the mitral valves, 3D global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), twist, and torsion were quantified. Regional longitudinal strain (LS) was calculated based on coronary perfusion territories in a 16‐segment LV model.ResultsDespite the absence of change in TMAD and 3D LVEF, 3D GLS (−18.6 ± 4.3% at baseline vs −16.0 ± 4.0% after surgery, P = .01) was significantly decreased, followed with no significant effect on GCS, twist, and torsion during surgery. 3D GLS correlated significantly with 3D LVEF (r between −0.34 and −0.51, P < .05 for all) under the whole operation. Territorial LS did not increase immediately after surgery.Conclusion3D speckle tracking imaging allows for detailed and direct evaluation of myocardial deformation, though impaired LV longitudinal function is still apparent immediately after surgery. GLS is more sensitive to an acute reduction in LV function than conventional parameters, which can be potentially useful for serial monitoring of functional recovery.
The optimal use of management
Authors: Sickles Robin C. , Sun Kai , Triebs Thomas P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analyze the management input from the perspective of shadow cost minimization. Using Bloom and Van Reenen's management measure, we estimate management's shadow price, dual Morishima elasticities of substitution, and relative price efficiencies. We find that the shadow price of management is about 1.3 million US dollars. Management is a weak dual complement for labor but a strong dual complement for capital. Increases in management reduce the relative income share of labor but not capital. Most firms use too little management, but relative use of management improves over time, with the combination of ownership and control, and competition.
Feeding ecology and coexistence dynamics in a community of fishes in a temperate temporary water body
Authors: M. Tessy Muñoz‐Campos , Sharon Valdez‐Carbajal , Omar Domínguez‐Castanedo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTemporary water bodies are temporally variable ecosystems supported primarily by rainwater. The biota supported by such water bodies present a range of capacities to remain in this environment for all or part of their life cycles. During floods, temporary pools can connect with permanent streams, promoting changes in trophic networks in the aquatic food webs. The aim of this research was to analyse the feeding ecology of a fish community in a temporary pool near of Tlacotalpan, in the Mexican southeast, in order to understand the dynamics of the feeding habits. First, we identified feeding habits that can be interpreted as guilds of the fishes in the temporary pool: the annual killifish Millerichthys robustus (the only autochthonous species) is planktophagous; Cynodonichthys tenuis and Astyanax aeneus are insectivores; Dormitator maculatus and larvae of amphibians (Lithobates sp.) are mainly detritivorous; and Poecilia mexicana is planktophagous and insectivorous. We then estimated the effect of coexistence on niche breadth and overlap. The niches of M. robustus and P. mexicana evidenced overlap, but the breadth was adjusted inversely, suggesting feeding specialisation in M. robustus in response to competition. We documented the existence of two cohorts of M. robustus; the niche breadth of the first and second cohorts suggesting different strategies probably related to competition under variable conditions. The niche of C. tenuis and A. aeneus, and D. maculatus and tadpoles overlapped, following a pattern of feeding generalisation in response to competition.
Translation, validation, and usability of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Bleeding Assessment Tool (Self‐ISTH‐BAT)
Authors: Hansen Rasmus Søgaard , Carlsen Mette , Rasmussen Kristina Fruerlund , Vinholt Pernille Just 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBleeding questionnaires are effective and recommended screening tools for potential bleeding disorder, but healthcare practitioner–administered bleeding assessment tools (expert‐ISTH‐BATs) are time‐consuming. A patient‐administered ISTH‐BAT (self‐ISTH‐BAT) has been developed and validated. We translated, validated, and evaluated the usability of self‐ISTH‐BAT.MethodsWe conducted a forward–backward translation of self‐ISTH‐BAT from English to Danish. Expert‐ISTH‐BAT and Danish self‐ISTH‐BAT were administered to 106 random individuals aged ≥18 years attending Odense University Hospital between August and November 2020 for elective blood sampling. Results comprise a score of bleeding symptoms.ResultsMean age of included individuals were 49 years (range: 18‐83), and 59% were female. Median self‐ISTH‐BAT score was 2 (range: 0‐18) and 1 (range: 0‐22) for expert‐ISTH‐BAT (P = .09). All organ systems had ≥90% exact score agreement between expert‐ISTH‐BAT and self‐ISTH‐BAT, except gastrointestinal bleeding (77%) and other bleedings (72%). We found an acceptable correlation (r2 = .80) between expert‐ISTH‐BAT and self‐ISTH‐BAT. The self‐ISTH‐BAT had 82% sensitivity and 89% specificity at the recommended cutoff for expert‐BAT (female:<6; male:<4). At this cutoff, 10 had abnormal self‐ISTH‐BAT scores with normal expert‐ISTH‐BAT. Three (3%) had normal self‐ISTH‐BAT with abnormal expert‐ISTH‐BAT.ConclusionSelf‐ISTH‐BAT can replace expert‐ISTH‐BAT as a screening tool for bleeding disorders in Danish individuals as only 3% were not identified with the self‐ISTH‐BAT tool.
Impaired posterior cingulate cortex–parahippocampus connectivity is associated with episodic memory retrieval problems in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Vanneste Sven , Luckey Alison , McLeod S. Lauren , Robertson Ian H. , To Wing Ting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpisodic memory retention and retrieval decline are the most common impairments observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients who progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical electroencephalography research shows that patients with dementia due to AD exhibit a slowing of neural electrical activity in the parietal cortex. Memory research has further suggested that successful memory performance is associated with changes in a posterior cingulate–parahippocampal cortical network together with increased θ–γ oscillatory coupling, where θ oscillations act as carrier waves for γ oscillations, which contain the actual information. However, the neurophysiological link between the memory research and clinical studies investigating aMCI and AD is lacking. In this study, we look at brain activity in aMCI and how it relates to memory performance. We demonstrate decreased γ power in the posterior cingulate cortex and the left and right parahippocampus in aMCI patients in comparison to control participants. This goes together with reduced θ coherence between the posterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampus associated with altered memory performance aMCI patients in comparison to control participants. In addition, comparing patients with aMCI to control participants reveals an effect for θ–γ coupling for the posterior cingulate cortex, and the left and right parahippocampus. Taken together, our results show that parahippocampus and posterior cingulate cortex interact via θ–γ coupling, which is associated with memory recollection and is altered in aMCI patients, offering a potential candidate mechanism for memory decline in aMCI.
Kant is a soft determinist
Authors: Scholten Matthé 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to situate Kant in the debate on free will. Whereas Kantians often assume that Kant's views on free will cannot be brought under any of the headings of this debate, contemporary free will theorists commonly assume that Kant is an incompatibilist of the libertarian type. I argue against both assumptions: Kant can and should be characterized as a compatibilist and more specifically as a soft determinist. After removing some persistent misconceptions about Kant's position in the free will debate, I contend that Kant affirms the truth of determinism, that he rejects the possibility of libertarian free will and that he considers the sort of freedom required for moral responsibility to be compatible with determinism.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and a national lockdown on hospitalizations for stroke and related 30‐day mortality in France: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Gabet Amélie , Grave Clémence , Tuppin Philippe , Chatignoux Edouard , Béjot Yannick , Olié Valérie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim of this nationwide study was to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on stroke hospitalization rates, patient characteristics and 30‐day case fatality rates.MethodsAll hospitalizations for stroke from January to June of each year from 2017 to 2020 were selected using International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, codes I60 to I64 in the national hospital discharge database. Patient characteristics and management were described according to three time periods: pre‐lockdown, lockdown, and post‐lockdown. Weekly incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were computed to compare time trends in the rates of patients hospitalized for stroke as well as in‐hospital and 30‐day case fatality rates between the years 2017–2019 and 2020.ResultsIn 2020, between weeks 1 and 24, 55,308 patients were hospitalized for stroke in France. IRRs decreased by up to 30% for all age groups, sex, and stroke types during the lockdown compared to the period 2017–2019. Patients hospitalized during the second and third weeks of the lockdown had higher in‐hospital case fatality rates compared to 2017–2019. In‐hospital case fatality rates increased by almost 60% in patients aged under 65 years. Out‐of‐hospital 30‐day case fatality rates increased between weeks 11 and 15 among patients who returned home after their hospitalization. Important changes in care management were found, including fewer stroke patients admitted to resuscitation units, more admitted to stroke care units, and a shorter mean length of hospitalization.ConclusionsDuring the first weeks of the lockdown, rates of patients hospitalized for stroke fell by 30% and there were substantial increases of both in‐hospital and out‐of‐hospital 30‐day case fatality rates.
Prediction on fatigue properties of the plain weave composite under broadband random loading
Authors: Sun Yi , Zhang Yuli , Yang Chaozhi , Liu Yizhi , Chen Xiaojie , Yao Liaojun , Gao Weicheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the fatigue properties of the plain weave composite subjected to broadband random loading are investigated. A prediction method is proposed to calculate the failure probability of the composite under random loading by combining the probability density function of the residual strength and the probability density function of the stress peaks. The stress randomness and the strength dispersity are both taken into account in the analysis of the residual strength and the failure probability curves. The fatigue life data of the plain weave composite under broadband random responses are obtained from the random vibration tests. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experiments.
The role of anthropogenic habitats in freshwater mussel conservation
Authors: Sousa Ronaldo , Halabowski Dariusz , Labecka Anna M. , Douda Karel , Aksenova Olga , Bespalaya Yulia , Bolotov Ivan , Geist Juergen , Jones Hugh A. , Konopleva Ekaterina , Klunzinger Michael W. , Lasso Carlos A. , Lewin Iga , Liu Xiongjun , Lopes‐Lima Manuel , Mageroy Jon , Mlambo Musa , Nakamura Keiko , Nakano Mitsunori , Österling Martin , Pfeiffer John , Prié Vincent , Paschoal Lucas R. P. , Riccardi Nicoletta , Santos Rogério , Shumka Spase , Smith Allan K. , Son Mikhail O. , Teixeira Amílcar , Thielen Frankie , Torres Santiago , Varandas Simone , Vikhrev Ilya V. , Wu Xiaoping , Zieritz Alexandra , Nogueira Joana G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic freshwater habitats may provide undervalued prospects for long‐term conservation as part of species conservation planning. This fundamental, but overlooked, issue requires attention considering the pace that humans have been altering natural freshwater ecosystems and the accelerated levels of biodiversity decline in recent decades. We compiled 709 records of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) inhabiting a broad variety of anthropogenic habitat types (from small ponds to large reservoirs and canals) and reviewed their importance as refuges for this faunal group. Most records came from Europe and North America, with a clear dominance of canals and reservoirs. The dataset covered 228 species, including 34 threatened species on the IUCN Red List. We discuss the conservation importance and provide guidance on how these anthropogenic habitats could be managed to provide optimal conservation value to freshwater mussels. This review also shows that some of these habitats may function as ecological traps owing to conflicting management practices or because they act as a sink for some populations. Therefore, anthropogenic habitats should not be seen as a panacea to resolve conservation problems. More information is necessary to better understand the trade‐offs between human use and the conservation of freshwater mussels (and other biota) within anthropogenic habitats, given the low number of quantitative studies and the strong biogeographic knowledge bias that persists.
Old‐growth forests show low canopy resilience to droughts at the southern edge of the taiga
Authors: Liu Feng , Liu Hongyan , Xu Chongyang , Shi Liang , Zhu Xinrong , Qi Yang , He Wenqi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractForest mortality and resilience driven by drought disturbances have attracted tons of attention. However, the acquisition of continuous spatial–temporal data is generally enslaved to the conventional field investigations. In this study, the resilience of semiarid forest was characterized with canopy dynamics from remote sensing observations, combining the variations in canopy greenness and water content. We integrated dense normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference infrared index (NDII) time series from Landsat datasets, intending to assess the canopy resilience in 24 conifer patches along a climatic aridity gradient at the southern edge of the taiga in northern Mongolia and southern Siberia of Russia. The results exhibited four patterns of coordinated NDVI–NDII variation trends, indicating that the canopy water content of coniferous forests may decrease at first during a drought period, and sustained water loss may, in turn, induce an accompanying reduction in canopy greenness. Meanwhile, the patches with canopy recovery growth after initial declines were considered to have resilience to climate change. We further observed the combined effects of aridity degree and tree age on canopy resilience, and all seven patches with no resilience corresponded to the old‐tree group (the oldest trees reached or exceeded the age of 90). The observations indicated that the old‐growth forests in semiarid regions were less likely to show canopy resilience, which corresponded to a higher risk of sustained decline.
Trapped within ideological wars: Femininities in a Muslim society and the contest of women as leaders
Authors: Oktaviani Fitri Hariana , McKenna Bernard , Fitzsimmons Terrance 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the discursive contestation among online news media about women in leadership roles within a Muslim majority society, Indonesia. Indonesian women have established a substantial leadership role in which the “ideal” modern woman has been the image of “wanita karir,” a commingling of various Indonesian feminist discourses and Western (post)feminist discursive formations. Despite the progress, women's leadership in Indonesia has recently been challenged by reactionary Islamist forces. Using a critical poststructural discourse perspective, we identify a range of four forms of femininity and female leadership in Indonesian online media that reside at the intersections of competing discourses. This paper offers two areas of contributions. First, we identify the leadership challenges faced by women in a South‐East Asian context, in particular within a democratic Muslim society like Indonesia. Second, we contribute to the theorization of women's leadership challenges from the perspective of femininity construction. In particular, we want to emphasize the notion of the multiplicity of discourses in shaping femininities. In doing so, we demonstrate the permutability, transformability, and adaptability of gender discrimination in our identified forms of femininity, and the limitations of the virtuous burden imposed by apparently supportive discourse.
Emotional labor, ordinary affects, and the early childhood education and care worker
Authors: Fairchild Nikki , Mikuska Eva 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses society's lack of recognition of the Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) workforce as professionals, and its emotional impact that this deficit has on them. The concerns are that the role of the ECEC worker has been mainly conceptualized as maternal, where emotional labor is taken for granted and needs to be suppressed or harnessed as part of the caring role. This is at odds with successive government policy agenda which has focused on professionalizing the workforce. In this paper, we engage with qualitative data gathered from 24 experienced ECEC workers to explore the impact that “affect” has upon them. In this respect, we build on the theorizations of Massumi and Stewart, which connect affect theory with emotional labor; we argue that affect theory offers different ways to consider how objects, spaces, material, and discursive entities and bodies impact ECEC workers' emotions and emotional labor.
Invisible people: A story of fertility treatment and loss during the pandemic
Authors: Griffiths Heather 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis account of fertility treatment during the pandemic weaves autobiographical narrative with empirical evidence to show how infertility and loss is experienced by women in the modern workplace. It charts my experience of fertility treatment during the lockdown of 2020 and draws on recent studies to highlight the psychological impact of infertility, the impact it has on work and career, and the stark absence of workplace support. By offering an in‐depth portrayal of fertility treatment, I hope to not only to raise awareness about the experience but also explore the interaction between infertility, health, and work, and how this has changed—for better and worse—during lockdown.