bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of negative psychosocial and health behavior impact of COVID-19 among young adults
Authors: Romm Katelyn F , Patterson Brooke , Wysota Christina N , Wang Yan , Berg Carla J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Given the global impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on mental and physical health, we examined young adults’ changes in mental health, intimate relationship quality, alcohol use and weight-related behaviors during COVID-19 and their correlates (depressive symptoms, resilience, social context and COVID-19-related factors). We analyzed data from a longitudinal study of 1082 young adults across six metropolitan areas (Mage = 24.76 ± 4.70; 51.8% female; 73.6% White and 12.5% Hispanic), using multivariate linear regressions for continuous outcomes (magnitude of mental health impact) and logistic regressions for categorical outcomes (decreased relationship quality, physical activity and nutrition and increased alcohol use and sedentary behavior). Of five negative mental health impacts assessed, participants reported experiencing an average of 3.54 (SD = 5.46), experiencing more correlated with increased childcare responsibilities and lower resilience. Additionally, 23.6% of those in relationships experienced negative relationship impact, 41.3% increased alcohol use, 47.2% decreased physical activity, 74.0% were more sedentary and 34.7% experienced poorer nutrition, all of which was predicted by greater depressive symptoms. Additionally, lower resilience predicted negative relationship impact and poorer nutrition and social context/roles correlated with various outcomes (e.g. relationships and alcohol use). Interventions to reduce negative health behaviors given societal stressors should address key psychosocial and situational factors, including depressive symptoms and resilience.
Genomic Analysis of Clostridioides difficile in 2 Regions of the United States Reveals a Diversity of Strains and Limited Transmission
Authors: Pecora Nicole , Holzbauer Stacy , Wang Xiong , Gu Yu , Taffner Samantha , Hatwar Trupti , Hardy Dwight , Dziejman Michelle , D’Heilly Paige , Pung Kelly , Guh Alice , Qiu Xing , Gill Steven , Dumyati Ghinwa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The distribution of Clostridioides difficile strains and transmission dynamics in the United States are not well defined. Whole-genome sequencing across 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infections Program C. difficile infection (CDI) surveillance regions (Minnesota and New York) was performed to identify predominant multilocus sequence types (MLSTs) in community-associated (CA) and healthcare-associated (HCA) disease and assess transmission.

Methods
Whole-genome sequencing was performed on C. difficile isolates from patients with CDI over 3 months between 2016 and 2017. Patients were residents of the catchment area without a positive C. difficile test in the preceding 8 weeks. CDI cases were epidemiologically classified as HCA or CA.

Results
Of 422 isolates, 212 (50.2%) were HCA and 203 (48.1%) were CA. Predominant MLSTs were sequence type (ST) 42 (9.3%), ST8 (7.8%), and ST2 (8.1%). MLSTs associated with HCA-CDI included ST1 (76%), ST53 (83.3%), and ST43 (80.0%), while those associated with CA-CDI included ST3 (76.9%) and ST41 (77.8%). ST1 was more frequent in New York than in Minnesota (10.8% vs 3.1%). Thirty-three pairs were closely related genomically, 14 of which had potential patient-to-patient transmission supported by record review.

Conclusions
The genomic epidemiology of C. difficile across 2 regions of the United States indicates the presence of a diverse strain profile and limited direct transmission.
Neonatal Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination and Infections in the First Year of Life: The MIS BAIR Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Messina Nicole L , Pittet Laure F , Gardiner Kaya , Freyne Bridget , Francis Kate L , Zufferey Christel , Abruzzo Veronica , Morrison Clare , Allen Katrina J , Flanagan Katie L , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Robins-Browne Roy , Shann Frank , South Mike , Vuillermin Peter , Donath Susan , Casalaz Dan , Curtis Nigel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has beneficial off-target effects that may include protecting against non-mycobacterial infectious diseases. We aimed to determine whether neonatal BCG vaccination reduces lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infants in the Melbourne Infant Study: BCG for Allergy and Infection Reduction (MIS BAIR) trial.MethodsIn this investigator-blinded trial, neonates in Australia were randomized to receive BCG-Denmark vaccination or no BCG at birth. Episodes of LRTI were determined by symptoms reported in parent-completed, 3-month questionnaires over the first year of life. Data were analyzed by intention-to-treat using binary regression.ResultsA total of 1272 neonates were randomized to the BCG vaccination (n = 637) or control (n = 635) group. The proportion of participants with an episode of LRTI in the first year of life among BCG-vaccinated infants was 54.8% compared to 58.0% in the control group, resulting in a risk difference of −3.2 (95% confidence interval, −9.0 to 2.6) after multiple imputation. There was no interaction observed between the primary outcome and sex, maternal BCG, or the other prespecified effect modifiers.ConclusionsBased on the findings of this trial, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of neonatal BCG vaccination to prevent LRTI in the first year of life in high-income settings.
A quantitative analysis of bone lamellarity and bone collagen linearity induced by distinct dosing and frequencies of teriparatide administration in ovariectomized rats and monkeys
Authors: Sato Takanori , Takakura Aya , Lee Ji-Won , Tokunaga Kazuaki , Matsumori Haruka , Takao-Kawabata Ryoko , Iimura Tadahiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The lamellar structure of bone, which endows biomechanical rigidity to support the host organism, is observed in mammals, including humans. It is therefore essential to develop a quantitative analysis to evaluate the lamellarity of bone, which would especially be useful for the pharmacological evaluation of anti-osteoporotic drugs. This study applied a current system for the semi-automatic recognition of fluorescence signals to the analysis of un-decalcified bone sections from rat and monkey specimens treated with teriparatide (TPTD). Our analyses on bone formation pattern and collagen topology indicated that TPTD augmented bone lamellarity and bone collagen linearity, which were possibly associated with the recovery of collagen cross-linking, thus endowing bone rigidity.
Feasibility and safety of rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination of humanitarian health workers against Ebola virus disease: an observational study
Authors: Carnino Luisa , Vetter Pauline , Peyraud Nicolas , Aebischer-Perone Sigiriya , Chappuis François , Huttner Angela , Kaiser Laurent , Eperon Gilles 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background and rationale
Geneva University Hospitals were granted a temporary authorization to administer the recombinant live vesicular stomatitis virus rVSV-ZEBOV (Ervebo®) vaccine to expatriate humanitarian frontline workers (FLWs) prior to mission deployment.

Objectives
Our aims were to assess the feasibility of FLW vaccination before deployment and to report adverse events (AEs).

Methods
FLWs received a single injection of rVSV-ZEBOV (&gt;7.2E7 plaque forming unit) during their pre-deployment medical check-up at the Travel Medicine Clinic of the Geneva University Hospitals (Day 0). A safety questionnaire regarding potential AEs was emailed to FLWs on Days 3 and 21. Early and delayed AEs were those starting within 3 or 21 days of vaccination, respectively.

Results
Between 1 August 2019 and 30 June 2020, 124 FLWs received the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine. Eighty-six volunteers (86/124; 69%) received a concomitant vaccine. The response rate to the follow-up questionnaire was 88 and 55% at Days 3 and 21, respectively. Most respondents (105/109; 96.3%), experienced at least one AE, with a mean of three (±SD 1.75) AEs per person. The most common AE was injection site pain, followed by fever (53/109; 48.6%), fatigue (51/109; 46.7%) and myalgia (49/109; 44.9%). Most early AEs (360/377; 95.4%) resolved within 3 days, reflecting vaccine reactogenicity. Delayed AEs were reported by 6/69 (7.2%) subjects, the median time to symptom onset was 11 days (range: 5–14); half of them were joint-related AEs (3/6). Four serious adverse events (SAE) were observed: two cases of high grade fever, one rash and one case of arthritis. Two suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions were observed: one case of continuing recurrent transient dizziness and fatigue considered related to the vaccine; and one case of presbyopia that was deemed unrelated.

Conclusion
AEs to rVSV-ZEBOV were common but in general transient and were well tolerated, pre-deployment rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination in FLW is feasible and can be included with pre-mission check-up.
Detecting pulsars with neural networks: a proof of concept
Authors: Künkel Lars , Thomas Rajat M , Verbiest Joris P W 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Pulsar searches are computationally demanding efforts to discover dispersed periodic signals in time- and frequency-resolved data from radio telescopes. The complexity and computational expense of simultaneously determining the frequency-dependent delay (dispersion) and the periodicity of the signal is further exacerbated by the presence of various types of radio-frequency interference (RFI) and observing-system effects. New observing systems with wider bandwidths, higher bit rates, and greater overall sensitivity (also to RFI) further enhance these challenges. We present a novel approach to the analysis of pulsar search data. Specifically, we present a neural-network-based pipeline that efficiently suppresses a wide range of RFI signals and instrumental instabilities and furthermore corrects for (a priori unknown) interstellar dispersion. After initial training of the network, our analysis can be run in real time on a standard desktop computer with a commonly available, consumer-grade graphics processing unit (GPU) . We complement our neural network with standard algorithms for periodicity searches. In particular with the Fast Fourier Transform and the Fast Folding Algorithm and demonstrate that with these straightforward extensions, our method is capable of identifying even faint pulsars while maintaining an extremely low number of false positives. We furthermore apply our analysis to a subset of the PALFA survey and demonstrate that in most cases the automated dispersion removal of our network produces a time series of similar quality as dedispersing, using the actual dispersion measure of the pulsar in question. On our test data, we are able to make predictions whether a pulsar is present in the data or not 200 times faster than real time.
What to expect from dynamical modelling of cluster haloes – I. The information content of different dynamical tracers
Authors: Li Qingyang , Han Jiaxin , Wang Wenting , Cui Weiguang , Li Zhaozhou , Yang Xiaohu 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Using hydrodynamical simulations, we study how well the underlying gravitational potential of a galaxy cluster can be modelled dynamically with different types of tracers. In order to segregate different systematics and the effects of varying estimator performances, we first focus on applying a generic minimal assumption method (oPDF) to model the simulated haloes using the full 6D phase-space information. We show that the halo mass and concentration can be recovered in an ensemble unbiased way, with a stochastic bias that varies from halo to halo, mostly reflecting deviations from steady state in the tracer distribution. The typical systematic uncertainty is ∼0.17 dex in the virial mass and ∼0.17 dex in the concentration as well when dark matter (DM) particles are used as tracers. The dynamical state of satellite galaxies are close to that of DM particles, while intracluster stars are less in a steady state, resulting in an ∼0.26-dex systematic uncertainty in mass. Compared with galactic haloes hosting Milky-Way-like galaxies, cluster haloes show a larger stochastic bias in the recovered mass profiles. We also test the accuracy of using intracluster gas as a dynamical tracer modelled through a generalized hydrostatic equilibrium equation, and find a comparable systematic uncertainty in the estimated mass to that using DM. Lastly, we demonstrate that our conclusions are largely applicable to other steady-state dynamical models including the spherical Jeans equation, by quantitatively segregating their statistical efficiencies and robustness to systematics. We also estimate the limiting number of tracers that leads to the systematics-dominated regime in each case.
Focal plane wavefront sensing using machine learning: performance of convolutional neural networks compared to fundamental limits
Authors: Orban de Xivry G , Quesnel M , Vanberg P-O , Absil O , Louppe G 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Focal plane wavefront sensing (FPWFS) is appealing for several reasons. Notably, it offers high sensitivity and does not suffer from non-common path aberrations (NCPAs). The price to pay is a high computational burden and the need for diversity to lift any phase ambiguity. If those limitations can be overcome, FPWFS is a great solution for NCPA measurement, a key limitation for high-contrast imaging, and could be used as adaptive optics wavefront sensor. Here, we propose to use deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to measure NCPAs based on focal plane images. Two CNN architectures are considered: ResNet-50 and U-Net that are used, respectively, to estimate Zernike coefficients or directly the phase. The models are trained on labelled data sets and evaluated at various flux levels and for two spatial frequency contents (20 and 100 Zernike modes). In these idealized simulations, we demonstrate that the CNN-based models reach the photon noise limit in a large range of conditions. We show, for example, that the root mean squared wavefront error can be reduced to &lt;λ/1500 for 2 × 106 photons in one iteration when estimating 20 Zernike modes. We also show that CNN-based models are sufficiently robust to varying signal-to-noise ratio, under the presence of higher order aberrations, and under different amplitudes of aberrations. Additionally, they display similar to superior performance compared to iterative phase retrieval algorithms. CNNs therefore represent a compelling way to implement FPWFS, which can leverage the high sensitivity of FPWFS over a broad range of conditions.
Voronoia 4-ever
Authors: Staritzbichler Rene , Ristic Nikola , Goede Andrean , Preissner Robert , Hildebrand Peter W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present an updated version of the Voronoia service that enables fully automated analysis of the atomic packing density of macromolecules. Voronoia combines previous efforts to analyse 3D protein and RNA structures into a single service, combined with state-of-the-art online visualization. Voronoia uses the Voronoi cell method to calculate the free space between neighbouring atoms to estimate van der Waals interactions. Compared to other methods that derive van der Waals interactions by calculating solvent-free surfaces, it explicitly considers volume or packing defects. Large internal voids refer either to water molecules or ions unresolved by X-ray crystallography or cryo-EM, cryptic ligand binding pockets, or parts of a structural model that require further refinement. Voronoia is, therefore mainly used for functional analyses of 3D structures and quality assessments of structural models. Voronoia 4-ever updates the database of precomputed packing densities of PDB entries, allows uploading multiple structures, adds new filter options and facilitates direct access to the results through intuitive display with the NGL viewer. Voronoia is available at: htttp://proteinformatics.org/voronoia.
Carotid In-Stent Stenosis: Cutting Balloon Angioplasty: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Domingo Ricardo A , Ravindran Krishnan , Tawk Rabih G ,   Endovascular Neurosurgery Research Group (ENRG), Arthur Adam , Bain Mark , Bendock Bernard , Jo Binning Mandy , Boulos Alan S , Webster Crowley , Fessler Richard , Grande Andrew , Guterman Lee , Hanel Ricardo , Hoit Daniel , Nelson Hopkins III L , Howington Jay , James Robert , Jankowitz Brian , Kan Peter , Khalessi Alex A , Kim Louis , Langer David , Lanzino Giuseppe , Levitt Michael , Levy Elad I , Lopes Demetrius , Mack William , Mericle Robert , Mocco J , Ogilvy Chris , Pandey Aditya , Replogle Robert , Riina Howard , Ringer Andrew , Rodriguez Rafael , Saugaveau Eric , Schirmer Clemens , Siddiqui Adnan H , Spiotta Alex , Sultan Ali , Tawk Rabih , Thomas Ajith , Turner Raymond , Veznedaroglu Erol , Welch Babu , White Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In-stent stenosis has a reported prevalence of 14% to 19% at 1-yr follow-up after carotid stenting and is associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic stroke.
1,2
Risk factors include female sex, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Cutting balloon angioplasty is a safe and effective treatment modality for the treatment of carotid in-stent stenosis, and alternative treatment options include observation with medical management and placement of another stent.
3,4

The authors present the case of a 61-yr-old man with carotid in-stent restenosis and progressive worsening on serial imaging with ultrasound. The patient had a history of carotid stenting for symptomatic stenosis 6 mo prior and was maintained on aspirin and clopidogrel. In light of the progressive worsening, the in-stent stenosis was confirmed on computed tomography (CT) angiogram. The options were discussed with the patient and he consented for treatment with cutting balloon angioplasty. Final angiogram showed improvement of the luminal diameter with a residual stenosis of 15%. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was discharged home on postoperative day 1. Follow-up ultrasound demonstrated moderate improvement in peak systolic velocities, and the plan is to continue observation with a clinical follow-up and repeat carotid Dopplers at 3 mo.
DWARF53 interacts with transcription factors UB2/UB3/TSH4 to regulate maize tillering and tassel branching
Authors: Liu Yuting , Wu Guangxia , Zhao Yongping , Wang Hu Hailing , Dai Zhouyan , Xue Weicong , Yang Juan , Wei Hongbin , Shen Rongxin , Wang Haiyang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a recently identified class of phytohormones that regulate diverse developmental processes in land plants. However, the signaling mechanism of SLs in maize (Zea mays) remains largely unexplored. Here, we identified the maize gene DWARF 53 (ZmD53) and demonstrated that ZmD53 interacts with the SL receptors DWARF 14A/B (ZmD14A/B) in a rac-GR24-dependent manner. Transgenic maize plants expressing a gain-of-function mutant version of Zmd53 exhibited insensitivity to exogenous rac-GR24 treatment and a highly pleiotropic phenotype, including excess tillering and reduced tassel branching, indicating that ZmD53 functions as an authentic SL signaling repressor in maize. In addition, we showed that ZmD53 interacts with two homologous maize SPL transcription factors, UB3 and TSH4, and suppresses their transcriptional activation activity on TB1 to promote tillering. We also showed that UB2, UB3, and TSH4 can physically interact with each other and themselves, and that they can directly regulate the expression of TSH4, thus forming a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ZmD53 can repress the transcriptional activation activity of UB3 and TSH4 on their own promoters, thus decreasing tassel branch number. Our results reveal new insights into the integration of SL signaling and the miR156/SPL molecular module to coordinately regulate maize development.
OsFes1C, a potential nucleotide exchange factor for OsBiP1, is involved in the ER and salt stress responses
Authors: Qian Dandan , Xiong Shuo , Li Mei , Tian Lihong , Qing Qu Le 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control system monitors protein homeostasis and relies on the activity of many molecular chaperones. Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) is a major ER luminal chaperone that is involved in most functions of the organelle. BiP activity is tightly regulated by nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs). However, information about NEFs in plants is limited. We obtained a Fes1-like protein (OsFes1C) through isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based proteomics analysis of ER-stressed rice (Oryza sativa) seeds. Unlike its homologs in yeast and mammals, which are located in the cytosol and respond to heat stress, OsFes1C is an ER membrane protein and responds to ER and salt stresses. OsFes1C interacts directly with OsBiP1 and the interaction is inhibited by ATP but promoted by ADP, suggesting that OsFes1C acts as a potential NEF of OsBiP1 in vivo. Overexpression or suppression of OsFes1C led to hypersensitivity to ER stress and affected the growth of rice. Furthermore, we established that OsFes1C directly interacts with a putative salt response protein and is involved in the salt response. Taken together, our study marks an important step toward elucidating the functional mechanisms of an identified ER stress response factor in rice.
Option Return Predictability
Authors: Zhan Xintong (Eunice) , Han Bing , Cao Jie , Tong Qing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We uncover new return predictability in the cross-section of delta-hedged equity options. Expected returns to writing delta-hedged calls are negatively correlated with stock price, profit margin, and firm profitability, but positively correlated with cash holding, cash flow variance, new shares issuance, total external financing, distress risk, and dispersion of analysts’ forecasts. Our option portfolio strategies have annual Sharpe ratio above two and remain profitable after transaction costs. Their profits can be explained by two option factors, while equity risk factors have no explanatory power. We find support for several economic channels at work, yet the option return predictability remains puzzling.