bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Stellar Populations in Low-surface-brightness Galaxies
Authors: Schombert James , McGaugh Stacy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present new Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 near-IR observations of the color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) in two low-surface-brightness galaxies, F575-3 and F615-1, notable for having no current star formation based on a lack of Hα emission. Key features of the near-IR CMDs are resolved, such as the red giant branch (RGB), the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) region, and the top of the blue main sequence. F575-3 has the bluest RGB of any CMD in the literature, indicating an extremely low mean metallicity. F615-1 has unusually wide RGB and AGB sequences, suggesting multiple episodes of star formation from metal-poor gas, and possibly infalling material. Both galaxies have an unusual population of stars to the red of the RGB and lower in luminosity than typical AGB stars. These stars have normal optical colors but abnormal near-IR colors. We suggest that this population of stars might be analogous to local peculiar stars like Be stars with strong near-IR excesses owing to a surrounding disk of hot gas.
Deklina zgodba? Zgodbe migrantk, ki niso obstale pred zidovi
Authors: Mlekuž Jernej 
Published: January 2021

Zgodbe migrantk, ki spregovorijo v pričujočem sklopu, govorijo o družbah, kulturah, skupnostih, ki so jim migrantke pripadale. A govorijo tudi o tem, kako so v teh družbah, kulturah, skupnostih izstopale. Bile so, kot lahko beremo v objavljenih člankih, zavedne pripadnice svoje narodne skupnosti, a so hkrati s svojim delom tudi presegale nacionalne okvire in z zanimanjem in naklonjenostjo spoznavale, odkrivale in raziskovale nove nacionalne, nadnacionalne in druge prostore. Bile so precej drugačne od večine vrstnic. Niso živele vlog mater, gospodinj, kraljic doma, temveč predvsem vloge antropologinj oziroma raziskovalk staroselskih ljudstev (dr. Branislava Sušnik), slikark (Bara Remec) in misijonark ter pisateljic (Marija Sreš). Tudi kot antropologinje, slikarke, misijonarke in pisateljice niso bile »tipične« (karkoli že ta sum­ljivi pridevnik pomeni) predstavnice svoje poklicne vrste, temveč so bile, kot boste brali, »drugačne« antropologinje, slikarke, misijonarke in pisateljice svojega časa. Z razkrivanjem odstopanj naših junakinj bi lahko še nadaljeval, a to boste, bralke in bralci, v prispevkih brali sami.
Sklop, ki je pred vami, obeležuje 100-letnico rojstva dr. Branislave Sušnik. Nastal je v ciljnoraziskovalnem projektu »Dr. Branislava Sušnik in sodobniki – ambasadorji slovenske znanosti v Južni Ameriki« (ARRS, V6-1925) in raziskovalnem programu »Narodna in kulturna identiteta slovenskega izseljenstva v kontekstu raziskovanja migracij« (ARRS, P5-0070). Prispevkoma o življenju in delu slovenske antropologinje v Paragvaju smo dodali še zgodbi v Argentini živeče slikarke Bare Remec in misijonarke ter pisateljice Marije Sreš, ki je velik del življenja preživela v Indiji. Enkratne zgodbe žensk so tako v skupni družbi zasijale v novih oblačilih.
Comment savoir si c’est de l’art ? Le cas des jeux vidéo
Authors: Krajewski Pascal 
Published: January 2021

Se demander si le jeu vidéo est un art reviendrait sans doute à se demander s’il a accouché d’œuvres d’art ou s’il est susceptible de créer des sentiments esthétiques. Faisant le tour des différents discours de légitimation qui ont eu cours, nous pouvons observer un large panel de plaidoyers : l’enrôlement dans un contexte artistique institutionnel, l’analogie avec des arts connexes reconnus, l’intégration dans un système des beaux-arts élargi, l’identification de marqueurs universels de l’art, l’élection de (proto) chefs d’œuvres ou la mise en avant de principes compatibles avec l’art.Cependant, aucune de ces méthodes ne pourra convaincre le détracteur, et Walter Benjamin pourrait fournir une attitude plus sage et pragmatique : faire comme si le jeu vidéo était un art – pour voir ce qu’il fait à notre sensibilité.
NK Cell–Derived IL-10 Supports Host Survival during Sepsis
Authors: Jensen Isaac J. , McGonagill Patrick W. , Butler Noah S. , Harty John T. , Griffith Thomas S. , Badovinac Vladimir P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The dysregulated sepsis-induced cytokine storm evoked during systemic infection consists of biphasic and interconnected pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. The contrasting inflammatory cytokine responses determine the severity of the septic event, lymphopenia, host survival, and the ensuing long-lasting immunoparalysis state. NK cells, because of their capacity to elaborate pro- (i.e., IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (i.e., IL-10) responses, exist at the inflection of sepsis-induced inflammatory responses. Thus, NK cell activity could be beneficial or detrimental during sepsis. In this study, we demonstrate that murine NK cells promote host survival during sepsis by limiting the scope and duration of the cytokine storm. Specifically, NK cell–derived IL-10, produced in response to IL-15, is relevant to clinical manifestations in septic patients and critical for survival during sepsis. This role of NK cells demonstrates that regulatory mechanisms of classical inflammatory cells are beneficial and critical for controlling systemic inflammation, a notion relevant for therapeutic interventions during dysregulated infection-induced inflammatory responses.
Intravesical Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection Therapy in Neurological Patients
Authors: Apostolidis Ioannis , Papaefstathiou Efstathios , Ioannidou Eleni , Georgopoulos Petros , Mytilekas Konstantinos-Vaios , Kalaitzi Marina , Apostolidis Apostolos 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to present real-life data on the efficacy and safety of the intravesical injection of the approved dose of 200U BOTOX in patients with drug-resistant incontinence of neurogenic etiology. Available literature is relatively limited.

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed routinely collected prospective data from the treatment of patients with neurogenic drug-resistant incontinence who attended an academic neurourology outpatient clinic. All patients received at least one intravesical injection of 200U BOTOX, following urodynamic confirmation of neurogenic detrusor overactivity while recording the presence of urinary tract infection (UTI). Patients were followedup at 6 and 24 weeks with urodynamic retests. This protocol was followed with each repeat treatment, while recording the relapse time of incontinence.

Results:
Forty-nine patients (28 males, 21 females, mean age 47.04 ± 14.16 years) were treated; 18 (36.7%) suffered from spinal cord injury, 12 (24.54%) from multiple sclerosis, and the rest from other neurological conditions. Fifteen received a 2nd Botox treatment, 10 a 3rd, 6 a 4th, and one a 5th and 6th session. Forty-two (85.7%) patients had urodynamically proven incontinence and in 14 (28.6%) an UTI was identified before the first treatment. Subjective cure of incontinence was recorded in 73.7% of patients after the first treatment. There was no correlation of gender, neurological diagnosis, or presence of UTI before the BOTOX treatment with the persistence of incontinence. The median relapse time after the first two treatments was 6 (interquartile range = 5) and 10.5 months, respectively (P = 0.31). Significant improvements were recorded urodynamically in maximum cystometric capacity after each treatment (P < 0.001) and in maximum detrusor pressure after the first session compared to baseline (P < 0.05, Bonferonni correction). The presence of UTI did not affect the incontinence relapse time or urodynamic changes after initial treatment.

Conclusions:
In the present cohort, intravesical administration of 200U BOTOX achieved complete cure of neurogenic drug-resistant incontinence in a significant proportion of patients with sustained clinical and urodynamic changes after each repeat injection.
Partial Orchiectomy
Authors: Kyriazis Jason , Dimitriou Dimitrios , Karavitakis Markos , Thanos Anastasios 
Published: January 2021

Aim of the Study:
The aim of this study is to review our collective experience with partial orchectomy due to testicular tumors in a secondary hospital of Greece.

Materials and Methods:
In total four young patients with relative indications for a partial orchectomy (single testis and/or tumors <2 cm in diameter, patient consent for a close follow-up, negative tumor markers) underwent partial orchiectomy in our institution. All operations were performed under clamping of the spermatic cord, and postoperative period was uneventful.

Results:
Pathology examination revealed one case of Sertoli cell only tumor, one patient with testicular cancer of mixed pathology (embryonal and teratoma), one case of organized hematoma, and one case with focal atypical inflammation. Patients underwent a close follow-up protocol. The patient with the mixed tumor was subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy with BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin). The patient with atypical inflammation had a single testis due to a history of contralateral seminoma. During follow-up, he developed local tumor recurrence and underwent orchiectomy that revealed the presence of seminoma. The patient was set under testosterone replacement therapy.

Conclusions:
Partial orchiectomy represents a safe treatment option in the management of small testicular tumors. A benign pathology in up to 50% of cases should be expected. In case of both malignant and benign pathologies, a close follow-up is deemed necessary for the timely recognition of local recurrences in case of insufficient cancer eradication.
EXAMINATION OF RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURE AND COMPLIANCE AMONG LISTED GHANAIAN BANKS
Authors: Mawutor John Kwaku Mensah 
Published: January 2021

This study examined the compliance level of IAS 24, “Related Party Disclosures” of banks in Ghana and determined some firm specific characteristic that influence the level of disclosure. Using the quantitative research approach, the study was conducted on thirteen banks in Ghana constituting 56% of the entire population. Secondary data was obtained from annual reports of the banks and related published articles. The study again identified the most common type of related party transactions done by Banks in Ghana. Findings revealed that the level of compliance with IAS 24 among Banks in Ghana is relatively low. The study again found that Board Size, Company Size, Type of Auditor, Listing, and profitability has a positive influence on the level of disclosure. Findings also revealed that only Company Size is statistically significant with the level of compliance of IAS 24 among Banks in Ghana.
JEL Classification Codes: A19, B10, B25, C10, C53.
From activated charcoal to selective plasma exchange: A retrospective analysis of mushroom poisoning cases treated in the intensive care unit
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Gülbahar , ÇİZMECİ Elif Ayşe , ÜNLÜ Nurdan , KELEBEK GİRGİN Nermin , ISCİMEN Remzi , KAHVECİ Ferda Şöhret 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate presenting symptoms, clinical and laboratory findings, and treatment modalities of adult patients presenting with mushroom poisoning treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) with special consideration of extracorporeal liver support systems.
Materials and methods: Records of patients with mushroom poisoning treated in the ICU between January 2007 and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.
Results: Sixteen adult patients were treated in the ICU for mushroom poisoning during the designated study period. Presentation to the hospital was most common during October of each year. Average time from ingestion of mushrooms to first symptoms was 17.81 hours, and to ICU admission was 2.38 days. The most common symptoms were nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The most common laboratory finding was elevation of liver transaminases. In cases with elevated liver transaminases, penicillin G, silibinin and N-acetyl cysteine were used. Extracorporeal support systems were used in 9 cases. Two cases underwent emergency liver transplantation.
Conclusion: Liver transplantation is the most definitive and effective treatment in indicated cases of mushroom poisoning. Extracorporeal support systems should be considered in the early period both as a treatmet modality on their own or to save time until the definitive treatment is possible. The question of which extracorporeal detoxification technique to use is difficult to answer and controlled clinical trials which compare their efficacy are needed.
Perfil Ocupacional, Comportamentos e Saúde Segundo Diferenciais de Gênero entre Professores da Rede Pública
Authors: Magalhães Tatiana Almeida de , Fagundes Silveira Marise , Nascimento Jairo Evangelista , Vieira Marta Raquel Mendes , Almeida Emerson Willian Santos de , Martins Andréa Maria Eleutério de Barros Lima , Ferreira e Ferreira Efigênia , Haikal Desirée Sant’Ana 
Published: January 2021

Resumo: Objetivou-se identificar possíveis diferenciais de gênero entre professores segundo o perfil laboral, comportamentos e saúde. Trata-se de um estudo de prevalência usando amostra probabilística por conglomerados de docentes do ensino básico da rede pública de um município norte mineiro. Foram estimadas prevalências e análises bivariadas corrigidas pelo desenho amostral. Dos 745 docentes investigados, as mulheres representam ampla maioria (85,4%), apresentaram maiores proporções de casadas/união estável e divorciadas/viúvas, com filhos, de classe social mais baixa, perfil laboral precário, com melhores comportamentos relacionados à saúde, apesar de relatarem maior autopercepção negativa de sua aparência e pior qualidade de vida nos domínios físico e psicológico em relação aos homens. Já os homens apresentaram um melhor perfil laboral, maiores frequências de comportamentos não saudáveis e menor busca por assistência médica/odontológica. Observou-se consideráveis diferenças entre os gêneros, demonstrando que são as mulheres que refletem o maior peso da precarização profissional e os homens, os piores comportamentos de saúde. Desse modo, este estudo contribui para que as políticas públicas repensem as oportunidades sociais e questões de saúde relacionadas aos gêneros dentro da classe docente.
Palavras chaves: Diferença de gênero; Professores; Comportamento; Saúde.
Assessment of Nurse's Health Promotion of Their Lifestyles at Al-Kut City Hospitals, Iraq
Authors: Okab Ammar A. 
Published: January 2021

Context: The importance of lifestyle is mainly due to its effect on the quality of life and disease prevention. Poor lifestyle choices lead to chronic diseases or even death. It increases healthcare costs in a time of economic downsizing. Health care practitioners, particularly nurses, are viewed as a role model in their health-promoting lifestyle behaviors.
Aim: The current research aimed to assess the health-promotion lifestyles among nurses at Al-Kut City Hospitals, Iraq. The study was designed to provide a descriptive summary of nurses' health promotion lifestyle scores in each health promotion lifestyle dimension and find the association between sociodemographic characteristics and nurse's health promotion lifestyle dimensions.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out in order to achieve the aim of the study by using a self-administered health promotion assessment questionnaire in hospitals in Al-Kut City (Al-Zahra'a Teaching Hospital, Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, Al- Kut for Maternity and Children Hospital) from August 26, 2019, to April 28, 2020. A stratified random sample of 300 nurses who work at hospitals in Al-Kut City was recruited to achieve this study's aim. The Center Ethical Committee approved the study.
Results: In respect of nutrition, 67.7% of the nurses always eat three regular meals daily, while 51% were sometimes taking foods to contain the five essential ingredients in each meal. About the social support domain, 70.7% of the studied nurses always express care and attention to others, while 45.7% sometimes enjoy contact with relatives. Concerning the health responsibility domain, 76% always wash their hands before meals, while 45.7% sometimes notice the appearance of any sign in their body at least monthly. Regarding life appreciation, 79.3% always make an effort to feel good about themselves, while 40.3% sometimes feel interesting and challenged every day. Regarding exercise behaviors, only 43% of the nurses always stand and sit straight to do not affect the vertebrae, 43% sometimes exercise 30 minutes a day and three times a week, while 25% never do exercise 30 minutes a day and three times a week. Finally, the daily stress management behaviors revealed that 52.7% always spend some time each day relaxing muscles, while 55.8% of them sometimes determine the source of stress.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the studied nurses were failed in three health promotion lifestyle domains, namely nutritional behaviors, social support, and daily stress management behaviors. In contrast, they pass in the other three health responsibility domains, life appreciation. The study also indicates a significant association between gender, social support, and life appreciation, while a highly significant association exists between gender and health responsibility. The study recommends behavioral support changes intended to promote healthy lifestyles among nurses.
The Effect of Simulation-Based Educational Program on Maternity Nurses' Performance regarding Obstetrical Emergencies during Pregnancy
Authors: El Sharkawy Amal T. A. , Ali Fatma K. , Araby Ola A. A. 
Published: January 2021

Context: Simulation-based nursing education is an increasingly and wide-spread preferred educational approach. It offers opportunities to acquire clinical skills and decision-making through various situational experiences.
Aim: The research aimed to investigate the effect of simulation-based educational program on maternity nurses' performance regarding obstetrical emergencies during pregnancy.
Methods: A quasi-experimental research (one group pre/post-test) design was adopted to fulfill the research aim. This research was conducted at the Clinical Obstetrics' Skill lab of the Faculty of Nursing, Benha University. Forty nurses were recruited (all nurses working at obstetrics and gynecology emergency department of Benha University Hospital at the time of collecting data). Three tools were used for data collection; a structured self-administered questionnaire, maternity nurses' attitude assessment scale, and maternity nurses' practices observational checklist.
Results: showed a highly statistically significant improvement concerning maternity nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding obstetrical emergencies during pregnancy, immediate post-intervention, and at follow up phase compared to the pre-intervention phase (P ≤ 0.001). There was a positive, highly statistically significant correlation between total knowledge and total attitude and total practice scores at pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention, and at follow up phases (P ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: The simulation-based educational program positively affected maternity nurses' performance regarding obstetrical emergencies during pregnancy. Simulation-based education regarding obstetrical emergencies during pregnancy is recommended for all nurses working at obstetrics and gynecology units.
Chest Tube Removal: Efficacy of Cold Application and Breathing Exercise on Pain and Anxiety Level
Authors: Elmetwaly Rasha M. , El Sayed Reham A. E. 
Published: January 2021

Context: Post-cardiothoracic surgical chest tube removal (CTR) is considered a painful technique and one of the most painful patients' experiences in the intensive care unit. Painkillers are the most prevalent method to relieve the pain, but the patient may not respond well and achieved complete relaxation. Regardless of scientific advances, no efficient action is possessed to decrease pain and anxiety because of it.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of cold application and breathing exercises on pain and anxiety levels following chest tube removal.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design (one group pre/post-test) was utilized to achieve the aim. This study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit at the Cardio-Thoracic Academy Affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo. A Purposive sample included 60 patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgical procedures and having at least two chest tubes in place. Data were collected using three tools; a structured interviewing questionnaire, pain intensity assessment visual numeric scale, short-form McGill pain assessment questionnaire, modified comfort scale, and breathing exercise checklist.
Results: This study revealed that patients suffer from severe pain before CTR without cold application and breathing exercise (61.7%), or with the application of them (66.7%), the pain level improved during removal as 80% of patients display no pain when using the cold application and breathing exercise that increased to 95% after 10-15 minute of removal compared to 8.3% when cold application and breathing exercise not used. Otherwise, the anxiety level decreased during CTR as 58.3% had mild anxiety level with cold application and breathing exercises compared to 38.3% had a very severe anxiety level. Mild anxiety level increased to 91.7% after 10-15 minutes of CTR compared to 16.7 % when CTR without application.
Conclusion: Cold application and breathing exercises are useful for reducing patients' pain and anxiety levels associated with chest tube removal after cardiothoracic surgery. Encouraging critical care nurses to use cold application and breathing exercises as a non-pharmacological pain relief technique during chest tube removal was highly recommended.
Toxic Leadership: Conflict Management Style and Organizational Commitment among Intensive Care Nursing Staff
Authors: Abou Ramdan Amal H. , Eid Walaa M. 
Published: January 2021

Context: Toxic leadership becomes a real problem in nursing administration. Its toxicity harms the nursing staff's progress and creates a challenging work environment full of struggles that, in turn, produce adverse outcomes on the nursing staff's commitment toward the organization.
Aim: This study envisioned to compare toxic leadership among intensive care nursing staff at Tanta University Hospital and El Menshawy hospital and assess its relation to their conflict management style used and organizational commitment at the two hospitals.
Methods: A descriptive, comparative, via cross-sectional research design was applied. All intensive care units at Tanta University Hospitals and El-Menshawy General Hospital were included. All available nurses (n=544) at Tanta University hospitals' ICUs (n=301) and El-Menshawy hospital's ICUs (n=243) was incorporated. Toxic leadership, conflict management styles assessment, and organizational commitment scales were utilized to achieve this study's aim.
Results: The nursing staff perceived that their leaders had high 10.6%, 11.5%, and moderate 12%, 11.9% overall toxic leadership levels at Tanta University Hospitals, and Elmenshawy Hospital, respectively. 43.9% of the nursing staff had a high level of using compromising style to manage conflict with their supervisors at Tanta University hospitals contrasted to 36.6% using competing style at El Menshawy hospital. 78.4% of the nursing staff had a low level of overall organizational commitment at Tanta University hospital's ICUs compared to 63% at El-Menshawy General hospital's ICUs.
Conclusion: Toxic leadership affected the nursing staff's choice of conflict management style used when handling conflict with toxic leaders at two hospitals and had a negative effect on affective and normative dimensions of organizational commitment in both hospitals. Therefore, improving leadership experiences is necessary by conducting a leadership development program to meet the nursing staff's expectations and improve their commitment. Also, adjusting the hospital's policies is vital to permit nursing staffs' involvement in leadership evaluation as a mean for early detection of leaders' toxic behaviors.