bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of COVID‐19 on blood donation habits
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Prichard Alicia Bellido , Gannett Michael Sel , Yordanov Boyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlood centers (BCs) rely on schools and businesses. Shelter‐in‐place orders closed them. This study determined how COVID‐19 affected donation habits.Study Design and MethodsTwo periods were reviewed (May 1 through June 30, 2018 vs 2019 [control] and 2019 vs 2020 [study–COVID period]). These donations were reviewed: first‐time, repeat (donation ≤ 2 years), and lapsed (no donation > 2 years); sex; age; ethnicity; and ABO blood groups at high school and college drives. Testing all donors for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies started May 18, 2020.ResultsIn the study period donations significantly increased (control P = .683, study P ≤ .0001) and comparing sex (control male P = .716, female P = .657; study male P = .004, female P ≤ .0001). In the study period there was a significant decrease in Hispanic (P = .001) and African American (P < .0001) donations also seen among high school and college drives and an increase in Caucasian (P < .0001) donations. There was a significant increase in first‐time (P < .0001) and lapsed donors (P < .0001) in the study period vs control (first‐time P = .087, lapsed P = .308) and a significant decrease in donors not more than 30 years (study 16‐20 P < .0001, 21‐30 P < .0001). There was a significant increase in all blood types in the study period (P < .0001) and in donations after implementation of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody testing (P = .001).ConclusionsSignificant changes occurred in donation habits in the study vs the control periods. These included increased total donations, comparing sexes, first‐time and lapsed donors, all blood types, and Caucasian donations. Significant decreases were seen in Hispanic and African American donations and those not more than 30 years old.
Global implications of a US‐led currency war
Authors: Triggs Adam John , McKibbin Warwick James 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany US policymakers on both sides of the aisle, including President Trump, have called on the US Federal Reserve to cut interest rates to depreciate the US dollar. This paper uses an intertemporal general equilibrium model to explore what would likely happen if this policy was pursued. It shows that the general equilibrium effects of a depreciated real effective exchange rate brought about by lower US interest rates can result in a wide variety of unintended consequences. The paper explores what would happen if US trading partners were to retaliate by devaluing their currencies.
Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen
Authors: Brooks George A. , Arevalo Jose A. , Osmond Adam D. , Leija Robert G. , Curl Casey C. , Tovar Ashley P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAfter a century, it's time to turn the page on understanding of lactate metabolism and appreciate that lactate shuttling is an important component of intermediary metabolism in vivo. Cell‐cell and intracellular lactate shuttles fulfil purposes of energy substrate production and distribution, as well as cell signalling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition of lactate shuttling came first in studies of physical exercise where the roles of driver (producer) and recipient (consumer) cells and tissues were obvious. Moreover, the presence of lactate shuttling as part of postprandial glucose disposal and satiety signalling has been recognized. Mitochondrial respiration creates the physiological sink for lactate disposal in vivo. Repeated lactate exposure from regular exercise results in adaptive processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and other healthful circulatory and neurological characteristics such as improved physical work capacity, metabolic flexibility, learning, and memory. The importance of lactate and lactate shuttling in healthful living is further emphasized when lactate signalling and shuttling are dysregulated as occurs in particular illnesses and injuries. Like a phoenix, lactate has risen to major importance in 21st century biology.
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Accurate Prediction of Loss Using High Fidelity Methods
Authors: Przytarski Pawel J. , Wheeler Andrew P. S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Further improvements in aero-engine efficiencies require accurate prediction of flow physics and incurred loss. Currently, the computational requirements for capturing these are not known leading to inconsistent loss predictions even for scale-resolving simulations depending on the chosen convergence criteria. This work investigates two aspects of loss generation using high-fidelity simulation. In the first case study, we look at the effect of resolution on capturing entropy generation rate by simulating a Taylor-Green vortex canonical flow. The second case study focuses on the effect of resolution on flow physics and loss generation and uses a compressor cascade subjected to freestream turbulence. The results show that both resolving local entropy generation rate and capturing the inception and growth of instabilities are critical to accuracy of loss prediction. In particular, the interaction of free-stream turbulence at the leading-edge and development of instabilities in the laminar region of the boundary layer are critical to capturing loss.
The Effects of Inlet Boundary Layer Condition and Periodically Incoming Wakes on Secondary Flow in a Low Pressure Turbine Cascade
Authors: Schubert Tobias , Chemnitz Silvio , Niehuis Reinhard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA particular turbine cascade design is presented with the goal of providing a basis for high quality investigations of endwall flow under high-speed conditions with unsteady inflow. The key feature of the design is an integrated two-part flat plate serving as a cascade endwall at part-span, which enables a variation of the inlet endwall boundary layer conditions. The new design is applied to the T106A low pressure turbine cascade for endwall flow investigations in the High-Speed Cascade Wind Tunnel of the Institute of Jet Propulsion at the Bundeswehr University Munich. Measurements are conducted under realistic flow conditions (M2th = 0.59, Re2th = 2 · 105) in three cases of varying endwall boundary layer conditions with and without periodically incoming wakes. The endwall boundary layer is characterized by 1D-CTA measurements upstream of the blade passage. Secondary flow is evaluated by five-hole-probe measurements in the turbine exit flow. A strong similarity is found between the time-averaged effects of unsteady inflow conditions and the effects of changing inlet endwall boundary layer conditions regarding the attenuation of secondary flow. Furthermore, the experimental investigations show that all design goals for the improved T106A cascade are met.
On High-Resolution Pressure Amplitude and Phase Measurements Comparing Fast-Response Pressure Transducers and Unsteady Pressure-Sensitive Paint
Authors: Bitter Martin , Stotz Stephan , Niehuis Reinhard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the simultaneous application of fast-response pressure transducers and unsteady pressure-sensitive paint (unsteady PSP) for the precise determination of pressure amplitudes and phases up to 3000 Hz. These experiments have been carried out on a low-pressure turbine blade cascade under engine-relevant conditions (Re, Ma, and Tu) in the high-speed cascade wind tunnel. Periodic blade/vane interactions were simulated at the inlet to the cascade using a wake generator operating at a constant perturbation frequency of 500 Hz. The main goal of this paper is the detailed comparison of amplitude and phase distributions between both flow sensing techniques at least up to the second harmonic of the wake generator’s fundamental perturbation frequency (i.e., 1000 Hz). Therefore, a careful assessment of the key drivers for relative deviations between measurement results as well as a detailed discussion of the data processing is presented for both measurement techniques. This discussion outlines the mandatory steps which were essential to achieve the quality as presented down to pressure amplitudes of several Pascal even under challenging experimental conditions. Apart from the remarkable consistency of the results, this paper reveals the potential of (unsteady) PSP as a future key flow sensing technique in turbomachinery research, especially for cascade testing. The results demonstrate that PSP was able to successfully sense pressure dynamics with very low fluctuation amplitudes down to 8 Pa.
High-Rate Anisotropic Properties in Human Infant Parietal and Occipital Bone
Authors: Metcalf Robert M. , Comstock Jessica M. , Coats Brittany 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Computational models of infant head impact are limited by the paucity of infant cranial bone material property data, particularly with regard to the anisotropic relationships created by the trabecular fibers in infant bone. We previously reported high-rate material property data for human infant cranial bone tested perpendicular to trabeculae fiber orientation. In this study, we measure the anisotropic properties of human infant cranial bone by analyzing bending modulus parallel to the trabeculae fibers. We tested human bone specimens from nine donors ranging in age from 32 weeks gestational age to 10 months at strain rates of 12.3−30.1 s−1. Bending modulus significantly increased with donor age (p=0.008) and was 13.4 times greater along the fiber direction compared to perpendicular to the fibers. Ultimate stress was greater by 5.1 times when tested parallel to the fibers compared to perpendicular (p=0.067). Parietal bone had a higher modulus and ultimate stress compared to occipital bone, but this trend was not significant, as previously shown perpendicular to fiber orientation. Combined, these data suggest that the pediatric skull is highly age-dependent, anisotropic, and regionally dependent. The incorporation of these characteristics in finite element models of infant head impact will be necessary to advance pediatric head injury research and further our understanding of the mechanisms of head injury in children.
Boundary Vorticity Analysis and Shedding Dynamics of Transient Cavitation Flow Around a Twisted Hydrofoil
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Liu Yaoyao , Zhu Zuchao , Lin Peifeng , Linmin Li  
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to investigate the dynamic characteristics of transient cavitating flow over a twisted NACA0009 hydrofoil. The large eddy simulation (LES) approach is selected for the computation of fluid flow and the Zwart model is used for the mass transfer due to cavitation. Moreover, the skin-friction coefficient and boundary-vorticity flux (BVF) are used to study the flow separation. Numerical results show that the attached shear layer separates from the boundary layer and then squeezes to form the separation line under the obstruction of the reentrant jet. The analysis based on the terms of vorticity transport equation demonstrates that vortex stretching and vortex dilatation terms dominate the evolution of the multiscale vortex. Moreover, the secondary shedding induced by the side-entrant jet enhances the instability of partial cavities and the underlying mechanism is comprehensively revealed. Furthermore, the feature of the pressure fluctuation indicates that high pressure generated by the cavity collapse at the tail simultaneously propagates to the leading edge and downstream of the hydrofoil. This enhances the intensity of the reentrant jet and side-entrant jet, promoting occurrences of flow separation near the suction surface and cavity shedding to a certain extent.
Design of a Single-Degree-of-Freedom Immersive Rehabilitation Device for Clustered Upper-Limb Motion
Authors: Zhao Ping , Zhang Yating , Guan Haiwei , Deng Xueting , Chen Haodong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mechanical devices such as robots are widely adopted for limb rehabilitation. Due to the variety of human body parameters, the rehabilitation motion for different patients usually has its individual pattern; hence, we adopt clustering-based machine learning technique to find a limited number of motion patterns for upper-limb rehabilitation, so that they could represent the large amount of those from people who have various body parameters. By using the regression motion of the clustering result as the target, in this article, we seek to apply kinematic mapping-based motion synthesis framework to design a 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) mechanism, such that it could lead the patients’ upper limb through the target motion. Also, considering rehab training generally involves a large amount of repetition on a daily basis, this article has developed a rehab system with unity3d based on virtual reality (VR). The proposed device and system could provide an immersive experience to the users, as well as the rehab motion data to the administrative staff for evaluation of users’ status. The construction of the integrated system and the experimental trial of the prototype are presented at the end of this article.
Variable Degree-of-Freedom Spatial Mechanisms Composed of Four Circular Translation Joints
Authors: Kong Xianwen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the construction and reconfiguration analysis of a spatial mechanism composed of four circular translation (G) joints. Two links connected by a G joint, which can be in different forms such as a planar parallelogram, translate along a circular trajectory with respect to each other. A spatial 4G mechanism, which is composed of four G joints, usually has one degree-of-freedom (DOF). First, a 2-DOF spatial 4G mechanism is constructed. Then, a novel variable-DOF spatial 4G mechanism is constructed starting from the 2-DOF 4G mechanism using the approach based on screw theory. Finally, the reconfiguration analysis is carried out in the configuration space using dual quaternions and tools from algebraic geometry. The analysis shows that the variable-DOF spatial 4G mechanism has one 2-DOF motion mode and one to two 1-DOF motion modes and reveals how the 4G mechanism can switch among these motion modes. By removing one link from two adjacent G joints each and two links from each of the remaining two G joints, we can obtain a queer-rectangle and a queer-parallelogram, which are the generalization of the queer-square or derivative queer-square in the literature. The approach in this paper can be extended to the analysis of other types of coupled mechanisms using cables and gears and multi-mode spatial mechanisms involving G joints.
Draft Genome Sequence of Comamonas jiangduensis Strain YW1
T
Authors: Kangale Luis Johnson , Levasseur Anthony , Raoult Didier , Ghigo Eric , Fournier Pierre-Edouard 
Published: February 2021

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Comamonas jiangduensis
strain YW1
T
(DSM 100319
T
, CSUR Q1714
T
, CCTCC AB 2012033
T
,  KACC 16697
T
).
Comamonas jiangduensis
is a new
Comamonas
species that was isolated from agricultural soil. The genome sequence from strain YW1
T
has been assembled into 322 contigs for a total size of 2,758,586 bp, with a G+C content of 59.1%.
Paratesticular liposarcoma: a rare cause of scrotal lump
Authors: Ng Michael , Pascoe John , Kugathasan Gana , Parsons Brian 
Published: February 2021

Paratesticular tumours are tumours arising from within the scrotum not of testicular origin. They may originate from the epididymis, spermatic cord, tunica vaginalis and other supporting structures. Preoperative diagnosis can be difficult as benign and malignant cases are often indistinguishable and may be confused with other benign or malignant pathology (testicular tumours or hernias).We describe the presentation and management of a patient managed at our centre (a tertiary referral teaching hospital).A high index of suspicion for malignancy should be considered when managing atypical scrotal lumps to ensure optimal management. This is particularly important when managing sarcomas due to the risk of local recurrence and spread.
Sickness absence after carpal tunnel release: a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Newington Lisa , Ntani Georgia , Warwick David , Adams Jo , Walker-Bone Karen 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo describe when patients return to different types of work after elective carpal tunnel release (CTR) surgery and identify the factors associated with the duration of sickness absence.DesignMulticentre prospective observational cohort study.Setting and participantsParticipants were recruited preoperatively from 16 UK centres and clinical, occupational and demographic information were collected. Participants completed a weekly diary and questionnaires at four and 12 weeks postoperatively.OutcomesThe main outcome was duration of work absence from date of surgery to date of first return to work.Results254 participants were enrolled in the study and 201 provided the follow-up data. Median duration of sickness absence was 20 days (range 1–99). Earlier return to work was associated with having surgery in primary care and a self-reported work role involving more than 4 hours of daily computer use. Being female and entitlement to more than a month of paid sick leave were both associated with longer work absences. The duration of work absence was strongly associated with the expected duration of leave, as reported by participants before surgery. Earlier return to work was not associated with poorer clinical outcomes reported 12 weeks after CTR.ConclusionsThere was wide variation in the duration of work absence after CTR across all occupational categories. A combination of occupational, demographic and clinical factors was associated with the duration of work absence, illustrating the complexity of return to work decision making. However, preoperative expectations were strongly associated with the actual duration of leave. We found no evidence that earlier return to work was harmful. Clear, consistent advice from clinicians preoperatively setting expectations of a prompt return to work could reduce unnecessary sickness absence after CTR. To enable this, clinicians need evidence-informed guidance about appropriate timescales for the safe return to different types of work.
International study of definitions of English-language terms for suicidal behaviours: a survey exploring preferred terminology
Authors: De Leo Diego , Goodfellow Benjamin , Silverman Morton , Berman Alan , Mann John , Arensman Ella , Hawton Keith , Phillips M R , Vijayakumar Lakshmi , Andriessen Karl , Chavez-Hernandez Ana-Maria , Heisel Marnin , Kolves Kairi 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesExplore international consensus on nomenclatures of suicidal behaviours and analyse differences in terminology between high-income countries (HICs) and low/middle-income countries (LMICs).DesignAn online survey of members of the International Organisation for Suicide Prevention (IASP) used multiple-choice questions and vignettes to assess the four dimensions of the definition of suicidal behaviour: outcome, intent, knowledge and agency.SettingInternational.ParticipantsRespondents included 126 individuals, 37 from 30 LMICs and 89 from 33 HICs. They included 40 IASP national representatives (65% response rate), IASP regular members (20% response rate) and six respondents from six additional countries identified by other organisations.Outcome measuresDefinitions of English-language terms for suicidal behaviours.ResultsThe recommended definition of ‘suicide’ describes a fatal act initiated and carried out by the actors themselves. The definition of ‘suicide attempt’ was restricted to non-fatal acts with intent to die, whereas definition of ‘self-harm’ more broadly referred to acts with varying motives, including the wish to die. Almost all respondents agreed about the definitions of ‘suicidal ideation’, ‘death wishes’ and ‘suicide plan’. ‘Aborted suicide attempt’ and ‘interrupted suicide attempt’ were not considered components of ‘preparatory suicidal behaviour’. There were several differences between representatives from HICs and LMICs.ConclusionThis international opinion survey provided the basis for developing a transcultural nomenclature of suicidal behaviour. Future developments of this nomenclature should be tested in larger samples of professionals, including LMICs may be a challenge.
Formative peer assessment in higher healthcare education programmes: a scoping review
Authors: Stenberg Marie , Mangrio Elisabeth , Bengtsson Mariette , Carlson Elisabeth 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesFormative peer assessment focuses on learning and development of the student learning process. This implies that students are taking responsibility for assessing the work of their peers by giving and receiving feedback to each other. The aim was to compile research about formative peer assessment presented in higher healthcare education, focusing on the rationale, the interventions, the experiences of students and teachers and the outcomes of formative assessment interventions.DesignA scoping review.Data sourcesSearches were conducted until May 2019 in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Education Research Complete and Education Research Centre. Grey literature was searched in Library Search, Google Scholar and Science Direct.Eligibility criteriaStudies addressing formative peer assessment in higher education, focusing on medicine, nursing, midwifery, dentistry, physical or occupational therapy and radiology published in peer-reviewed articles or in grey literature.Data extractions and synthesisOut of 1452 studies, 37 met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised using relevant Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, Joanna Briggs Institute and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool tools. The pertinent data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultThe critical appraisal resulted in 18 included studies with high and moderate quality. The rationale for using formative peer assessment relates to giving and receiving constructive feedback as a means to promote learning. The experience and outcome of formative peer assessment interventions from the perspective of students and teachers are presented within three themes: (1) organisation and structure of the formative peer assessment activities, (2) personal attributes and consequences for oneself and relationships and (3) experience and outcome of feedback and learning.ConclusionHealthcare education must consider preparing and introducing students to collaborative learning, and thus develop well-designed learning activities aligned with the learning outcomes. Since peer collaboration seems to affect students’ and teachers’ experiences of formative peer assessment, empirical investigations exploring collaboration between students are of utmost importance.