bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjunctivitis and other ocular findings in patients with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Layikh Haider Aswad , Hashim Zainab Adel , Kadum Alyaa A. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:
COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 that might affect the eye in the form of conjunctivitis and other ocular features.

OBJECTIVES:
Assess the frequency and clinical profile of conjunctivitis and other ocular findings in Iraqi patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection.

DESIGN:
Analytical cross-sectional study.

SETTING:
Secondary care center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This study involved patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 viral infection of variable disease severity from June 2020 to December 2020. Ocular history and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection was assessed for all of the patients.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Frequency of conjunctival inflammation and other ocular findings in patients with coronavirus infection.

SAMPLE SIZE:
186 patients.

RESULTS:

The patients had a mean (standard deviation, range) age of 44.4 (18.8, 18–78) years. Conjunctivitis was present in 25 patients (13.4%). There was no significant association between prevalence of conjunctivitis and patient gender (
P
=.868). However, conjunctivitis was significantly associated with the severity of the disease (
P
=.018): the rate of conjunctivitis was significantly higher in cases with severe disease (28%) in comparison with those with mild to moderate clinical presentation (9.3%). The natural course of conjunctivitis seemed to be mild with no effect on visual acuity and no short-term complications.

CONCLUSION:
Conjunctivitis can occur in patients with SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, and could be a presenting sign. Conjunctivitis is more common in cases of severe COVID-19 infection and since it could be a presenting sign it might be of benefit in the early diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.

LIMITATION:
Single-center study, safety limitations in the examination of the patients.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
The risk of tuberculosis infection in 410 Saudipatients receiving adalimumab therapy
Authors: Al-Sohaim Abdullah , Bawazir Abdullah Saleh , Al-Turki Turki , Alsafi Eiman Omar , Al-Roqy Abdullah , Layqah Layla , Baharoone Salim Alawi 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:
Adalimumab is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-a used to treat various autoimmune disorders. Adalimumab poses a risk for tuberculosis (TB) infection, especially in countries where TB is endemic.

OBJECTIVE:
Determine the rate of TB infection after adalimumab therapy in Saudi Arabia.

DESIGN:
Medical record review.

SETTINGS:
Tertiary care center in Riyadh.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from the electronic healthcare records of all patients who received adalimumab treatment from 2015 to 2019.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Occurrence of TB after adalimumab therapy.

SAMPLE SIZE:
410 patients (median ([QR] age, 37 [28], range 4–81 years), 40% males

RESULTS:
Rheumatoid arthritis was the most frequent indication (n=153, 37%). The patients were followed for a mean of 36 (8.9) months. No case of TB infection or reactivation was observed. An inter-feron-gamma release assay (IGRA) was requested in 353/391 (90.3%) patients, prior to initiating therapy. The IGRA was positive in 26 cases (6.6%). The IGRA-positive patients received isoniazid prophylactically. Bacterial infectious complications of adalimumab therapy occurred in 12 (2.9%) patients. Urinary tract infection was the most frequent complication (culture requested in 48 patients, positive in 8).

CONCLUSION:
Adalimumab treatment was not associated with a risk of TB disease or TB reactivation in our cohort over the follow-up observation period. No TB reactivation occurred with adalimumab therapy when TB prophylaxis was used. The positive IGRA rate in patients on adalimumab treatment was low (7%).

LIMITATIONS:
Single center and one geographical area in Saudi Arabia.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Cryptosporidium spp.
during chemotherapy: a cross-sectional study of 94 patients with malignant solid tumor
Authors: Karabey Mehmet , Can Hüseyin , Öner Tülay Öncü , Döşkaya Mert , Alak Sedef Erkunt , Döşkaya Aysu Değirmenci , Karakavuk Muhammet , Köseoğlu Ahmet Efe , Ün Cemal , Gürüz Adnan Yüksel , Alacacıoğlu Ahmet , Pektaş Bayram , Gül Aytül , Kaya Selçuk , Gökmen Ayşegül Aksoy 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:

Cryptosporidium spp
. is a protozoan parasite that infects many vertebrate animals, including humans. Since
Cryptosporidium spp
. can cause chronic life-threatening diarrhea and severe malabsorption in immunocompromised patients, we investigated the prevalence of this parasite among patients undergoing chemotherapy for malignant solid tumors.

OBJECTIVE:

Investigate the prevalence of
Cryptosporidium spp
. in stool samples.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional.

SETTING:
Tertiary care.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Stool samples were collected from adult patients with malignant solid tumors receiving chemotherapy and diarrhea.
Cryptosporidium spp
. prevalence was determined using Ziehl–Neelsen staining, ELISA, and real-time PCR targeting of the
COWP
gene.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:

The prevalence of
Cryptosporidium spp
. in patients undergoing chemotherapy for malignant solid tumors.

SAMPLE SIZE:
94

RESULTS:
The prevalence was 2.1% (2/94), 5.3% (5/94), and 5.3% (5/94) as detected by Ziehl–Neelsen staining, real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. The prevalence reached 8.5% (8/94) using all results obtained from the three methods. Among eight positive stool samples, four were positive by at least two different methods (Ziehl–Neelsen staining-ELISA or ELISA-real-time PCR) whereas the remaining four were positive by either ELISA or real-time PCR.

CONCLUSION:
These findings show the risk of cryptosporidiosis in cancer patients and the necessity to use at least two diagnostic methods during the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis to reach more accurate and trustworthy results.

LIMITATIONS:
Further studies with a larger sample size are recommended.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Functional results and survivorship after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a single center experience from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Qutub Ammar , Ghandurah Amjad , Alzahrani Adel , Alghamdi Ahmed , Bakhsh Talal M. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:
Isolated involvement of the medial compartment of the knee in degenerative disease is encountered in about 25% of patients with gonarthrosis. We aim to show that in a well-selected group of such patients, medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a good option.

OBJECTIVES:
Review the functional outcomes of patients undergoing UKA and determine the long-term survivorship of the implants and complications of the procedure.

DESIGN:
Analytical retrospective chart review.

SETTING:
Academic tertiary care medical center and tertiary care private hospital in the western region of Saudi Arabia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We selected patients who underwent medial UKAs by the same surgeon between December 1988 and December 2009. The life table approach and the Kaplan-Meier statistical method were used to estimate the survival rate (5–30 years) with revision as the endpoint. Functional outcome scores were determined according to the Knee Society Clinical Rating System.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Change in performance scores for pain, walking, and range of movement. Survivorship of the implants with removal of the implant as the endpoint; post-operative complications.

SAMPLE SIZE:
218 implants on 142 patients.

RESULTS:
The survival rate for UKA was 94.7% at 10 years (95% CI 0.906–0.970), 80.9% at 20 years (95%CI 0.724–0.871), and at 30 years it was 77.8% (95%CI 0.669–0.855) of the total knee arthropathies. The average grand total functional score increased from 61 (maximum 200) at 0 months to above 150 at ≥6 months.

CONCLUSION:
UKA is a good option for isolated medial compartment gonarthrosis with excellent functional outcome and good survivorship in selected patients.

LIMITATION:
Single center experience, retrospective. We lost 6.0% of patients during follow-up.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Splenic abscess as a possible sequela of COVID-19: a case series
Authors: AlZarooni Noura , AlBaroudi Abdulaziz , AlOzaibi Labib , AlZoabi Osama 
Published: November 2021

Splenic abscess is an aggressive disease with a non-specific etiology and symptoms that are systemically detrimental. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a noted rise in the incidence of splenic abscesses. The aim of this article was to explore whether infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus increases the risk of developing splenic abscesses. We reviewed three cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed splenic abscess. The clinical characteristics, treatment course, management and outcome are reported. We perceived that hypercoagulability status, superimposing infections and immunosuppression were related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. These were common factors in these three observed cases of splenic abscess as a complication related to the new viral pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection might be a risk factor in development of splenic abscess.

SIMILAR CASES PUBLISHED:
To the best of our knowledge only one case similar to our case series was published.
Analisis Physical Fitness Terhadap Kemampuan Lompat Jauh
Authors: Susila Linda 
Published: November 2021

Tujuan Penelitian. Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh komponen fisik (fhysical fitness) yang meliputi kecepatan, daya ledak tungkai dan keseimbangan terhadap kemampuan lompat jauh.
Metode Penelitian. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan teknik regresi memberikan gambaran umum tentang kelincahan, daya ledak tungkai dan keseimbangan dengan kemampuan lompat jauh. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan berjumlah 40 orang. Dengan teknih random sampling, dengan data diolah menggunakan teknik korelasi melalui bantuan program SPSS.
Hasil Penelitian. Dari analisis data yang diperoleh hasilnya: (1). Ada pengaruh yang signifikan kecepatan Terhadap Kemampuan Lompat Jauh, dengan nilai r hitung (r0) = 0,687 (P < 0,05) dengan nilai kontribusi 47,2% (2). Ada pengaruh yang signifikan daya ledak tungkai terhadap Kemampuan Lompat Jauh. dengan nilai r hitung (r0) = 0,504 (P < 0,05) dengan nilai kontribusi 25,4% (3). Ada pengaruh yang signifikan keseimbangan Kemampuan Lompat Jauh, dengan nilai r hitung (r0) = 0,415 (P < 0,05) dengan nilai kontribusi 17,2% (4). Ada pengaruh yang signifikan secara bersama-sama ditinjau dari kecepatan, daya ledak tungkai, keseimbangan terhadap Kemampuan Lompat Jauh, dengan nilai nilai r hitung (r0) = 0,725 (P < 0,05) dengan nilai kontribusi 52,6%.
Kesimpulan. Dari hasil pengolahan data, menunjukkan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dari analisis data yaitu kecepatan, daya ledak tungkai dan keseimbangan terhadap kemampuan lompat jauh.
Psychometric Properties of the Academic Self Concept Scale among Indian CBSE School Students
Authors: Iyengar R. Gayatri , Gouri G. Padma , Kumar Mahendra 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Psychometrically sound instruments are required to reliably measure academy self concept for school students. For this study, we validate the academy self concept scale (ASCS) with students 16+ years. The objective of this study is to examine the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the 57-item academic self- concept scale in a Indian School Students.
Methods: The participants of the study are constituted by 581 students studying in CBSE Private School in 2021-2022 education year. All of the participants were subjected to the academic self- concept scale. Confirmatory factor analysis methods were used to examine the structural validity of academic self- concept scale. The reliability of academic self- concept scale was examined with, internal consistency.
Results: Confirmatory factor analysis in the sample confirmed an 8-factor model with indices of fitness that indicated a satisfactory model fit (goodness of fit index = 0.99; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.89; comparative fit index = 0.92; root mean square error of approximation = 0.1173; Standardized root mean square residual=0.0445). Our analyses support a eight-factor model of responses to the ASCS (Academic Ability, Academic Interest, Study, Examination, Academic Interactions, Academic efforts, Curriculum and Academic future) measuring a higher order latent construct. It was seen that the factor loads of the scale varied between 0.5952 and 0.8690. The internal consistency of the scale was 0.918.
Conclusion: The findings obtained in this study indicate that the academic self- concept scale has a eight-factor structure and this form can be used as a valid and reliable measuring means in evaluating academic self- concept in CBSE school students.
Transnational Capitalism
Authors: Beamish Rob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

While Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels forecast the globalization of capitalism in
The Communist Manifesto
of 1848, it was not until the 1960s that social scientists began to systematically discuss the rise of an international capitalist class as the post‐World War II spread of multinational corporations changed the dynamic of capitalist expansion across the developed into the developing world. Following the lead of Leslie Sklair, many social scientists view the global system as a set of transnational practices. Transnational corporations are the major locus of transnational economic practices; the transnational capitalist class is the major locus of those transnational political practices; and the cultural ideology of consumerism shapes many of the everyday practices individuals follow that support the transnational capitalist system. The research agenda related to transnational capitalism is concerned with how transnational corporations, transnational classes, and the culture‐ideology of consumerism operate to transform the world in terms of the global capitalist project.
Human–Animal Studies
Authors: Mattes Seven 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human–animal studies is a broad interdisciplinary area of inquiry concerning the myriad relationships, interactions, and questions that arise at the intersection of the human and other animals historically, currently, and across cultures. As humans know more and often care more about the nonhuman animals in their lives, they increasingly recognize the significance of their existence, their reliance on animal bodies and labor, and are progressively more critical of the use of animals and their environments in our more‐than‐human world. Thus, the animal turn has ignited a rapidly expanding base of scholars who delve into the place of animals in society, including to provide companionship, as symbolic representation, as food and entertainment, and as a mutable other that delineates who we are as humans.
COVID‐19, Digital Inequality and
Authors: Ryan J. Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Almost from the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, it became evident that access to digital technologies was no longer a luxury but rather a necessity for survival. Work, education, healthcare, and social interactions were pushed further into the digital realm, making the Internet an essential lifeline for billions of people. However, this sudden shift further exacerbated an already existing divide in societies – the digital one.
Evaluation of the dose reduction effect of crystalline lens exposure in cone‐beam computed tomography with bismuth eye shield for image‐guided radiation therapy: An anthropomorphic phantom study
Authors: Yoshida Tatsuya , Sasaki Koji , Kawasaki Yoshiyuki , Hayakawa Tomoki , Kawadai Toshiyuki , Shibasaki Takako 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the dose‐exposure reduction effect of a crystalline lens with a bismuth eye shield using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) for head image‐guided radiation therapy. The ocular surface dose of the head phantom (THRA‐1) is defined as a crystalline lens exposure dose and is measured using a radiophotoluminescence dosimeter (RPLD, GD‐352 M) with and without an eye shield (CT eye shield) while moving the head phantom from the reference position that is set at the center of the head in either the X or Z direction from −5 to +5 cm. The exposure doses were measured thrice at each movement position. The crystalline lens exposure doses at the reference position were 0.896 ± 0.024 mGy and 0.892 ± 0.016 mGy for the right and left sides, respectively. The exposure doses at the position where the head phantom was moved 5 cm in the −Z direction from the reference position were 2.812 ± 0.053 mGy and 2.576 ± 0.038 mGy for the right and left sides, respectively, with the highest doses at all movement positions. The crystalline lens exposure doses were reduced to 1.909 ± 0.046 mGy and 1.768 ± 0.043 mGy for the right and left sides with an eye shield in this position, causing an exposure dose reduction rate of −32% and −31%, respectively. The crystalline lens exposure dose reduction rate was approximately 10%–15% in the movement directions, except for the −Z direction. Head CBCT with an eye shield effectively reduced the crystalline lens exposure dose when the CBCT isocenter was set close to the eye. Head CBCT using an eye shield is a useful method that reduces the crystalline lens exposure dose.
Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Ionogel Fiber with Synergistically Enhanced Mechanical and Ionic Thermoelectric Performances
Authors: Li Mufang , Jing Ruilong , Jia Kangyu , Xu Huimin , Luo Mengying , Zhu Xiufang , Qing Xing , Wang Wen , Zhong Weibing , Yang Liyan , Wang Dong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFiber‐based thermoelectric (TE) device that can collect waste heat of human body and convert it into electricity is growing fast and is of great significance for sustainable development. Although ionic thermoelectric (i‐TE) ionogels are considered to be the next generation of TE materials, to construct ionogel fiber with synergistically enhanced mechanical and i‐TE performances remains big challenge. Herein, the poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)/1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide/ethanol/NaTFSI/SiO2 (PH/ED‐E‐Na‐SiO2) ionogel with ultrahigh ionic Seebeck coefficient of 47.5 mV K−1 and ionic conductivity of 43.7 mS cm−1 is constructed by a proposed antisolvent‐doping‐hybrid synergistic strategy. The enhanced i‐TE performances are mainly attributed to the low crystalline structure and the improvement in ions dissociation, migration, and diffusion difference. The corresponding power factor of the PH/ED‐E‐Na‐SiO2 ionogel film is as high as 9845.8 µW m−1 K−2, which is almost the highest value ever reported. Based on this, the ionogel fiber with comparable i‐TE performances and significantly enhanced tensile strength and strain (from 327 KPa and 47% of film to 17.7 MPa and 70% of fiber) is prepared by a simple coating process. It can be weaved into wearable i‐TE device that generates high thermovoltage and lights the light‐emitting diode (LED) bulb, demonstrating its great application potential as wearable energy supply device.
Advancing Thermal Safety System for Battery Pack: Introducing Intrinsic Flame‐Retardant Solid–Solid Phase Change Materials with Melamine Crosslink
Authors: Chen Peihui , Deng Jian , Guo Zikai , Li Xinxi , Yang Wensheng , Wu Yuhang , Mao Ya , Jia Wei , Liu Jianzhe , Li Canbing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractComposite phase‐change materials (CPCMs), with their substantial latent heat storage and release capabilities at a consistent transition temperature, are extensively employed in diverse thermal‐energy‐storage applications. However, the risk of thermal runaway remains a significant challenge owing to the flammability and potential leakage of CPCMs. Attempts to develop flame‐retardant PCMs using various fireproof polymers through physical methods exist. In this study, a novel multifunctional flame‐retardant solid–solid phase‐change material is developed through a chemical modification process, incorporating polyethylene glycol 2000, boric acid, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), expanded graphite, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and melamine (MA). This composite material exhibits superior flame retardancy and thermal stability, making it highly suitable for enhancing the safety of battery modules. Experimental results demonstrate that PCAM2, containing 20 wt% MA and 8 wt% APP, maintains 97.75% mass retention at 250 °C for 5 h and achieves the V‐0 rating (burning stops within 10 s) according to the UL‐94 standard. Moreover, a battery module incorporating PCAM2 demonstrated superior thermal‐management capabilities than three other modules. Even after ten cycles at a 2C discharge rate, it maintained a peak operating temperature below 60 °C. Notably, the flame‐retardant CPCM films exhibited significant thermal propagation time, indicating superior temperature control and the ability to inhibit thermal runway. The intrinsically flame‐retardant CPCM developed in this study holds considerable promise for use in next‐generation thermal safety systems for electric‐vehicle battery packs and energy‐storage applications.
Unveiling the Origin of Ultrahigh Piezoelectricity in Sb Doped KNN Based Piezoceramics
Authors: Zou Jinzhu , Wei Tongxin , Song Miao , Zeng Shangren , Zhou Kechao , Zhang Yan , Zhang Shujun , Zhang Dou 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSubstantial progress is made in the past two decades in improving the room‐temperature piezoelectric coefficient of lead‐free (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN) based ferroelectric ceramics, allowing them to rival commercial lead zirconate titanate. However, within the theoretical framework, the role of key element antimony (Sb) for the enhanced piezoelectricity has not been fully understood. In this work, a combination of machine learning, density function theory calculations, phase‐field simulations and scanning transmission electron microscopy are utilized to establish the structure‐property relationship of Sb doped KNN ceramics. This results demonstrate that a significant reduction in local ferroelectric distortion at doping site, attributed to the absence of empty d orbitals in the electron configuration of Sb, promotes polarization rotation, and results in enhanced dielectric and thus the piezoelectric properties. This work reveals the atomic‐scale mechanisms underlying the high piezoelectric activity induced by Sb, and connects structural changes to electronic configurations, which is expected to facilitate the design of next‐generation ferroelectric ceramics.
Bollard‐Anchored Binder System for High‐Loading Cathodes Fabricated via Dry Electrode Process for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kang Jihyeon , Eom Hojong , Jang Seohyeon , Yoo Doehyeob , Lee Hyeonha , Kim Minju , Seol Myeong‐Lok , Han Jeong Woo , Nam Inho , Song Hannah 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe dry battery electrode (DBE) process offers significant advantages over conventional wet‐coating methods for electrode fabrication. Unlike traditional processes that rely on toxic solvents such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), the DBE technique uses solvent‐free methods, reducing environmental impact and production costs while enhancing compatibility and performance. However, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the only binder currently used for large‐scale DBE fabrication (binder fibrillation), faces potential regulatory restrictions under Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) guidelines and limits Li‐ion conductivity, elastomeric properties, and particle adhesion. This study explores a novel dual‐binder system, termed the “bollard hitch” model, designed to overcome these limitations as the first PTFE‐less binder for binder fibrillation. Poly(acrylic acid)‐grafted sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (PC) acts as the “bollard,” strongly attaching to the PTFE “anchor.” This binder system reduces PTFE usage by over 70% and enables the fabrication of high‐mass loading cathodes (up to 90 mg cm−2, 15.6 mAh cm−2) with superior performance. It enhances ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, making it suitable for high‐voltage applications and offering great potential to revolutionize the manufacturing of high‐performance, durable energy storage systems.