bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anabolic androgenic steroids used as performance and image enhancing drugs in professional and amateur athletes: Toxicological and psychopathological findings
Authors: Piacentino Daria , Sani Gabriele , Kotzalidis Georgios D. , Cappelletti Simone , Longo Livia , Rizzato Salvatore , Fabi Francesco , Frati Paola , Fineschi Vittorio , Leggio Lorenzo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) as performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs), once restricted to professional athletes, now includes amateurs and regular gym visitors. AAS use is associated with psychopathology, yet this relationship is complex and not fully understood. We aimed to assess the presence of AASs and other misused substances in athletes' biological samples and link toxicological to psychopathological findings.MethodsA multicentre, cross‐sectional study in fitness centres in Italy recruited 122 professional and amateur athletes training in several sports (84 men; age range = 18‐45 years). Athletes completed questionnaires, interviews, and toxicology testing for AASs, other PIEDs, illicit drugs, and non‐prescribed psychotropics. Toxicology was conducted in blood, urine, and hair.ResultsSelf‐reported and toxicologically detected use rates of AASs and other misused substances showed slight‐to‐fair agreement (Fleiss' κ = 0.104‐0.375). There was slight‐to‐moderate agreement among the three biological samples used for AAS testing (κ = 0.112‐0.436). Thirty‐one athletes (25.4%) tested positive for AASs. More sport hours/week, narcissistic or antisocial personality disorders, and higher nonplanning impulsiveness scores predicted AAS use (pseudo‐R2 = 0.665). AAS users did not differ significantly from non‐users in major psychopathology, but their Hypomania Checklist‐32 score, which also predicted AAS use, was significantly higher (p < 0.001), suggesting increased odds for cyclothymic disorder or subthreshold hypomania.ConclusionsOur results have implications for studying AAS users, as they identify a cluster of variables that may be relevant in future understanding of AAS use risks (e.g., personality disorders). Possible disagreements between AAS assessment methods should be considered when implementing harm reduction interventions, such as needle and syringe distribution, health education, and counselling, as well as surveillance programmes.
Cancer‐testis antigen ACRBP expression and serum immunoreactivity in ovarian cancer: Its association with prognosis
Authors: Lin Lina , Nong Weixia , Luo Bin , Ge Yingying , Zeng Xia , Li Feng , Fan Rong , Zhang Qingmei , Xie Xiaoxun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionCancer testis (CT) antigens are attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy because of their expression restriction and immunogenicity. The acrosin binding protein (ACRBP) is a member of CT antigens. This study aimed to evaluate ACRBP expression and immunogenicity in ovarian cancer (OC).MethodsThe expression level of ACRBP in OC tissues, normal ovarian tissues, and cell lines was detected via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry. We determined the levels of ACRBP antigen and antibody in serum samples collected from patients with OC and healthy donors using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), the level of ACRBP in cell‐cultured medium was also tested.ResultsACRBP mRNA and protein expressions were upregulated in OC tissues relative to normal tissue, especially highly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Moreover, ACRBP expression was significantly correlated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and chemosensitivity. Serological analysis showed that anti‐ACRBP antibody was detected in the sera of 16 of the 56 (28.5%) patients with OC but not in healthy donors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for ACRBP antibody was 0.802 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.708–0.876), and the sensitivity and specificity for ACRBP antibody was 85.71% and 55.0%, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in OC patients with high ACRBP expression were significantly lower than those with low expression (p = 0.040, p = 0.021). However, ACRBP antibody level was not associated with prognosis.ConclusionACRBP expression was upregulated in OC tissues and induced humoral immune response in patients with OC, suggesting that ACRBP is a potential prognostic biomarker and a target of tumor immunotherapy for OC.
Tumor cell intrinsic Toll‐like receptor 4 signaling promotes melanoma progression and metastatic dissemination
Authors: Rogava Meri , Braun Andreas Dominik , van der Sluis Tetje Cornelia , Shridhar Naveen , Tüting Thomas , Gaffal Evelyn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost melanoma‐associated deaths result from the early development of metastasis. Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression on nontumor cells is well known to contribute to tumor development and metastatic progression. The role of TLR4 expression on tumor cells however is less well understood. Here we describe TLR4 as a driver of tumor progression and metastatic spread of melanoma cells by employing a transplantable mouse melanoma model. HCmel12 melanoma cells lacking functional TLR4 showed increased sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor α induced cell killing in vitro compared to cells with intact TLR4. Interestingly, TLR4 knockout melanoma cells also showed impaired migratory capacity in vitro and a significantly reduced ability to metastasize to the lungs after subcutaneous transplantation in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that activation of TLR4 also promotes migration in a subset of human melanoma cell lines. Our work describes TLR4 as an important mediator of melanoma migration and metastasis and provides a rationale for therapeutic inhibition of TLR4 in melanoma.
Vaccination of pregnant women against COVID‐19 in India and Indonesia: Moving beyond the opt‐in to the opt‐out option
Authors: Sarwal Yamini , Sarwal Tanvi , Sarwal Rakesh 
Published: September 2021

SynopsisIn view of the continued threat of COVID‐19, and to synergize with routine antenatal care, COVID‐19 vaccination should become a default part of routine antenatal care with an opt‐out option.
Enhancing maternal sensitivity in contexts of urban extreme poverty in Sierra Leone: A pilot study
Authors: Pitillas Carlos , Berástegui Ana , Halty Amaia , Rodríguez Patricia , Kamara Mbalu , Mesman Judi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis pilot study presents preliminary data on the efficacy of Strong Bonds, Strong Pikin (SBSP), a brief intervention program that aims to enhance sensitivity among mothers who care for their preschool children in a slum settlement in Freetown (Sierra Leone). SBSP adapts principles of attachment theory to intervention within a non‐Western cultural setting, where families suffer from extreme poverty. A combination of psychoeducation, group work, video‐feedback, and storytelling defines the methodology of the program. Maternal sensitivity, parenting stress, and the use of violent discipline practices were measured before (pretest) and after the intervention (posttest) in a sample of 43 mothers who participated in the program. Analyses showed a significant increase in observed maternal sensitivity, as well as a decrease in mother‐reported parenting stress, child problems, and use of violent discipline practices from pretest to posttest. These results are discussed in terms of the potential value of culturally sensitive, attachment‐centered interventions with caregivers who raise their children in non‐Western settings affected by economic vulnerability.
Vagus nerve bundle stimulation using 1505‐nm laser irradiation in an in‐vivo rat model
Authors: Yetis Ozan , Guner Ozge , Akkaya Ibrahim , Guneli Ensari , Bagriyanik Alper , Tozburun Serhat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLaser nerve stimulation using near‐infrared laser irradiation has recently been studied in the peripheral nervous system as an alternative method to conventional electrical nerve stimulation. Bringing this method to the vagus nerve model could leverage this emerging stimulation approach to be tested in broader preclinical applications. Here, we report the capability of the laser nerve stimulation method on the rat vagus nerve bundle with a 1505‐nm diode laser operated in continuous‐wave mode. Studies of the stimulation threshold and laser‐induced acute thermal injury to the nerve bundle were also performed to determine a temperature window for safe, reliable and reproducible laser stimulation of the rat vagus nerve bundle. The results show that laser stimulation of the vagus nerve bundle provides reliable and reproducible nerve stimulation in a rat model. These results also confirm a threshold temperature of >42°C with acute nerve damage observed above 46°C. A strong correlation was obtained between the laser time required to raise the nerve temperature above the stimulation threshold and the mean arterial pressure response. Advantages of the method such as non‐contact delivery of external stimulus signals at mm scaled distance in air, enhanced spatial selectivity and electrical artefact‐free measurements may indicate its potential to counteract the side effects of conventional electrical vagus nerve stimulation.
Pyridostigmine bromide, chlorpyrifos, and DEET combined Gulf War exposure insult depresses mitochondrial function in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Delic Vedad , Karp Joshua , Klein Julian , Stalnaker Katherine J. , Murray Kathleen E. , Ratliff Whitney A. , Myers Catherine E. , Beck Kevin D. , Citron Bruce A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGulf War Illness (GWI) is defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a multi‐symptom illness having at least one symptom from two of three factors, which include: fatigue, mood‐cognition problems, and musculoskeletal disorders. The cluster of long‐term symptoms is unique to military personnel from coalition countries including United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom that served in Operation Desert Storm from 1990 to 1991. Reporting of these symptoms is much lower among soldiers deployed in other parts of the world like Bosnia during the same time period. The exact cause of GWI is unknown, but combined exposure to N,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide (DEET), organophosphates like chlorpyrifos (CPF), and pyridostigmine bromide (PB), has been hypothesized as a potential mechanism. Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to occur in most neurodegenerative diseases that share symptoms with GWI and has therefore been implicated in GWI. Although exposure to these and other toxicants continues to be investigated as potential causes of GWI, their combined impact on mitochondrial physiology remains unknown. In this study, the effects of combined GWI toxicant exposure on mitochondrial function were determined in a commonly used and readily available immortalized cell line (N2a), whose higher rate of oxygen consumption resembles that of highly metabolic neurons in vivo. We report that combined exposure containing pesticide CPF 71 μM, insect repellants DEET 78 μM, and antitoxins PB 19 μM, causes profound mitochondrial dysfunction after a 4‐h incubation resulting in decreased mitochondrial respiratory states in the absence of proapoptotic signaling, proton leak, or significant increase in reactive oxygen species production.
Identification of a six‐microRNA signature as a potential diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer tissues
Authors: Mahmoudian Mojdeh , Razmara Ehsan , Mahmud Hussen Bashdar , Simiyari Mandana , Lotfizadeh Nazanin , Motaghed Hoda , Khazraei Monfared Arefeh , Montazeri Maryam , Babashah Sadegh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is by far the most common malignancy among women. Epigenetic modulators, microRNAs in particular, may set stages for BC development and its progression. Herein, we aimed to assess the diagnostic potentiality of a signature of six miRNAs (i.e., hsa‐miR‐25‐3p, ‐29a‐5p, ‐105‐3p, ‐181b1‐5p, ‐335‐5p, and ‐339‐5p) in BC and adjacent non‐tumor tissues.MethodsA pair of 50 tumor and adjacent non‐tumor samples were taken from BC patients. The expression of each candidate miRNA was measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. To investigate the possible roles of each miRNA and their impressions on BC prognosis, in silico tools were used. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of each miRNA and the possible association of their expression with clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.ResultsOur findings showed the upregulation of hsa‐miR‐25‐3p, ‐29a‐5p, ‐105‐3p, and ‐181b1‐5p, and the downregulation of hsa‐miR‐335‐5p and ‐339‐5p in BC tumor compared to corresponding adjacent tissues. Except for hsa‐miR‐339‐5p, the up‐/down‐regulation of the candidate miRNAs was associated with TNM stages. Except for hsa‐miR‐105‐3p, each candidate miRNA was correlated with HER‐2 status. ROC curve analysis showed that the signature of six‐miRNA is a potential biomarker distinguishing between tumor and non‐tumor breast tissue samples.ConclusionWe showed that the dysregulation of a novel signature of six‐miRNA can be used as a potential biomarker for BC diagnosis.
Comparison of restorative materials and surface alterations after prebiotic and probiotic beverages: A nanoindentation and SEM study
Authors: Mert Eren Meltem , Ozan Gunce , Yildirim Bilmez Zuhal , Gurcan Aliye Tugce , Yucel Yasemin Yucel 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe purpose was to investigate the surface characteristics of various resin‐based materials by immersing in probiotic beverages. A total of 420 disc‐shaped samples (5 mm × 2 mm) were prepared from resin‐based composites. Samples were divided into four groups and immersed for 10 min/day for 1 month in either a probiotic sachet, kefir, kombucha, or artificial saliva (control). Surface roughness was measured at baseline and 1 month. One sample of each of the tested materials was examined under nanoindentation to evaluate the reduced elasticity modulus and nanohardness scores. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to compare surface differences. Data were analyzed statistically using one‐way ANOVA test and the significance was set at p < .05. The lowest roughness scores were observed in Z250, Estelite Bulk Fill, and HRi ENA in most of the test groups. Among conventional composites, Z250 group had the highest nanohardness and elasticity modulus scores. Among bulk‐fill composites, Estelite Bulk Fill Flow had the lowest surface roughness after immersion in probiotic beverages and the highest nanohardness values. Reveal HD, as a bulk‐fill group showed higher surface roughness and considerably lower nanohardness and elasticity modulus scores. Maximum height levels of samples were recorded. SEM images revealed voids and microcracks on the surfaces of test materials. Dentists may prefer Z250 as microhybrid and Estelite Bulk Fill Flow as bulk‐fill composites for the restorations of patients who consume gut‐friendly drinks regularly. When there are various types of materials, nanoindentation is a useful method for evaluating surface alterations and sensible comparisons.
Morphological and palynological assessment of taxonomically problematic genus Paspalum based on light and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Shaheen Shabnum , Khan Muhammad Asaf , Shahid Muhammad Naveed , Shamim Zeeshan , Rasool Bilal , Hussain Khadim , Khalid Sana , Harun Nidaa , Siddique Riffat , Sonia Romaisha , Khan Farah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPresent research work was carried out to clarify the variations among species of genus Paspalum morphologically and palynologically as this genus is taxonomically difficult due to having multiple similar morphologically overlapping characters which make it difficult to identify. Henceforth present research work was carried out to delimit taxa within the same genus by morphological and palynological tools through light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both these tools are considered as the most useful taxonomic characters for taxonomically problematic genera. The results showed a lot of variations among morphological characters. In Paspalum dilatatum, the upper glume was ovate whereas in the other two species, the upper glume was elliptic. The upper glume apex found in P. dilatatum and Paspalum scrobiculatum was obtuse whereas in Paspalum distichum, upper glume apex was acute. Glume nerves showed variation in all three species. Paspalum distichum was 3 nerved, P. scrobiculatum was 5–7 nerved, and P. dilatatum was 5–9 nerved. All three species showed variation in lemma nerves. Paspalum scrobiculatum had 3 nerved lemma whereas in P. distichum 3–5 nerved and P. dilatatum 5–9 nerved lemma were present. In polar and equatorial view, pollen grains ranged from 25 (20–30) to 37.5 (30–45) μm. Paspalum distichum appeared to be the smallest in size whereas P. dilatatum was the largest. Exine thickness ranged from 0.75 (0.5–1) to 1.35 (1.2–1.5) μm. The higher value of pollen fertility was found in P. scrobiculatum as 87.69% and the lowest value was in P. distichum as 78.08%. Morphological keys were also given for correct identification.
Antimicrobial resistance in integrated agroecosystems: State of the science and future opportunities
Authors: Howe Adina C. , Soupir Michelle L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs the Journal of Environmental Quality (JEQ) celebrates 50 years of publication, the division of environmental microbiology is one of the newest additions to the journal. During this time, significant advances in understanding of the interconnected microbial community and impact of the microbiome on natural and designed environmental systems have occurred. In this review, we highlight the intractable challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on humans, animals, and the environment, with particular emphasis on the role of integrated agroecosystems and by highlighting contributions published in JEQ. From early studies of phenotypic resistance of indicator organisms in waters systems to current calls for integrating AMR assessment across “One Health,” publications in JEQ have advanced our understanding of AMR. As we reflect on the state of the science, we emphasize future opportunities. First, integration of phenotypic and molecular tools for assessing environmental spread of AMR and human health risk continues to be an urgent research need for a one health approach to AMR. Second, monitoring AMR levels in manure is recommended to understand inputs and potential spread through agroecosystems. Third, baseline knowledge of AMR levels is important to realize the impact of manure inputs on water quality and public health risk; this can be achieved through background monitoring or identifying the source‐related genes or organisms. And finally, conservation practices designed to meet nutrient reduction goals should be explored for AMR reduction potential.
Investigative interviewing of high‐status fraud suspects
Authors: Hoekstra Manon R. , Verhoeven Willem‐Jan 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWhile earlier studies of investigative interviews with suspects have primarily been conducted within the context of police work, few have considered the interview practices with high‐status suspects in the financial area. This article aims to provide insight into distinctive features of interviewing these suspects. The study focuses on the impact various interviewing techniques can have on suspects’ disclosing information. To this end, 205 h of audio‐recorded actual interviews with 28 high‐status suspects were examined. Next to rapport building and confrontation, displaying authoritative behaviour can be considered a separate interviewing category. A positive correlation between rapport building and information disclosure was found. Finally, challenging the accounts of suspects results in more case‐related information than an authoritative approach.
Signaling networks in B cell development and related therapeutic strategies
Authors: Ren Anwen , Sun Jianxuan , Yin Wei , Westerberg Lisa S , Miller Heather , Lee Pamela , Candotti Fabio , Guan Fei , Lei Jiahui , Gong Quan , Chen Yan , Liu Chaohong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractB cells are essential for Ab production during humoral immune responses. From decades of B cell research, there is now a detailed understanding of B cell subsets, development, functions, and most importantly, signaling pathways. The complicated pathways in B cells and their interactions with each other are stage-dependent, varying with surface marker expression during B cell development. With the increasing understanding of B cell development and signaling pathways, the mechanisms underlying B cell related diseases are being unraveled as well, making it possible to provide more precise and effective treatments. In this review, we describe several essential and recently discovered signaling pathways in B cell development and take a look at newly developed therapeutic strategies targeted at B cell signaling.
The effects of idea rejection on creative self‐efficacy and idea generation: Intention to remain and perceived innovation importance as moderators
Authors: Ng Thomas W. H. , Shao Yiduo , Koopmann Jaclyn , Wang Mo , Hsu Dennis Y. , Yim Frederick H. K. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn the pursuit of innovation, it is inevitable that many employee ideas will be disapproved of by supervisors, discouraging employees' idea generation. This idea rejection–idea generation link is important to examine because it extends current thinking which treats idea generation as the beginning stage of a creative process. Guided by social cognitive theory, this study proposes that the idea rejection–idea generation link is mediated by creative self‐efficacy. We further posit that whether idea acceptance is a salient goal is a meta‐level moderator. To capture this factor, we examine intention to remain and perceived innovation importance: Idea rejection should yield a stronger negative impact on creative self‐efficacy for those who intend to remain with the organization and perceive innovation as important to the organization, as stayers who understand the importance of innovation to their employers would view idea acceptance as a salient goal and thus react most strongly to idea rejection. Data collected from a field study and a scenario experiment supported most of our hypotheses. Thus, this study highlights idea rejection as a crucial variable, directs researchers' attention to the idea rejection–idea generation relationship, and underscores the variability in employee reactions to idea rejection.