bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADP-ribosylating adjuvant reveals plasticity in cDC1 cells that drive mucosal Th17 development and protection against influenza virus infection
Authors: Lycke Nils , Arabpour Mohammad , Lebrero-Fernández Cristina , Schön Karin , Stromberg Anneli , Börjesson Vanja , Lahl Katherina , Angeletti Davide , Agace William 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Migratory dendritic cells carrying CD103 are the targets for mucosal vaccines. These belong to either of two lineage restricted subsets, cDC1 or cDC2 cells, which have been linked to priming of functionally distinct CD4 T cells. However, recent studies have identified plasticity in cDC2 cells with overlapping functions with cDC1 cells, while the converse has not been reported. We genetically engineered a vaccine adjuvant platform that targeted the cholera toxin A1 (CTA1) ADP-ribosylating enzyme to CD103+ cDC1 and cDC2 cells using a single chain antibody (scFv) to CD103. Unexpectedly, intranasal immunization with the CTA1-svFcCD103 adjuvant modified cDC1 cells to effectively prime Th17 cells, a function normally restricted to cDC2 cells. In fact, cDC2 cells were dispensible. Single cell RNAseq analysis revealed upregulation of Th17-promoting gene signatures in sorted cDC1 cells. Our finding represents a major shift of paradigm as we have documented functional plasticity in cDC1 cells.
Regionalization and Trend Analysis of Seasonal Precipitation (1970 - 2020) using Hierarchical Clustering and Wavelet Transform Approach in the Mahi River Basin, India
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Sharma Devesh , MS Shyam Sunder 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Understanding the trend in seasonal precipitation in the context of climate change is crucial for the maintenance of regional water resources management. The present study examines the seasonal precipitation trend in the Mahi River basin, India by using the wavelet transform and clustering method. Very limited studies have been carried out over the basin using this approach. Daily gridded rainfall data (0.25°×0.25° spatial resolution) for 51 grids from 1970 to 2020 has been taken from India Meteorological Department (IMD) and the time series trend was tested by Mann-Kendall. The monthly, seasonal, and annual statistic has been analyzed for 51 years. We have also plotted the relationship of precipitation trend–elevation. After that, homogeneous precipitation regions are delineated with hierarchical clustering analysis. Results reveal that seasonal precipitation over the basin clusters into 4 subregions for monsoon (JJAS1 to JJAS4) and 3 subregions for winter, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. After the regionalization of the subregions, the periodicity and the inter-seasonal relationship were analyzed using continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Findings revealed that the cross-correlation between pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons highly affect significantly in past over the basin. Further, the regional geography-altitude and moisture convergence perform a major role in the variability of seasonal precipitation. The output of the current study would be utilized in a better understanding of precipitation forecast, watershed, and agricultural planning which may give a better climate change indication at a regional-basin level. We also suggest future needs to more focus on the understanding of elevation-dependent wetting in hilly regions using a different type of datasets.
Mechanistic Insight of Biochar-layered Double Hydroxide Composite for Efficient Removal of Aqueous Pb(II) and Cu(II)
Authors: Su Xinyue , Chen Yan , Li Yanfei , Li Jing , Song Wen , Li Xuguang , Yan Liang-guo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To explore the heavy metal adsorption mechanisms by biochar-based materials, MgAl-layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) was loaded on a commercial coconut shell biochar (BC) to obtain the composite (BC-LDH) for adsorptive decontamination of Pb(II) and Cu(II) in water. The removal capacities of BC-LDH (294 and 38.6 mg/g) was higher than BC (13.3 and 11.4 mg/g) and LDH (126 and 22.7 mg/g) for aqueous Pb(II) and Cu(II). The pseudo-second-order equation and the Langmuir model could better illustrate the adsorption process, respectively. The interaction mechanisms between BC-LDH and heavy metals were classified as mineral precipitation (Qpre), cation exchange and isomorphic replacement (Qexc), electrostatic attraction (Qele), and surface complexation (Qcom) according to the characterization results. The quantitative analysis indicated that the contributions of the above mechanisms of BC-LDH for Pb(II) and Cu(II) followed the order of Qpre > Qele > Qexc and Qpre > Qexc > Qele, respectively. Compared with BC, the Qpre increased and Qele decreased significantly, certified the combination of BC and LDH provided a kind of viable composite in heavy metal wastewater treatment.
Post-deposition Weathering of Pb-rich Particles From a Pb-Zn Smelting and Refining Factory Under Semiarid Conditions
Authors: Soto-Jiménez Martin Federico , Roos-Muñoz Sarahi , Soto-Morales Sarahi , Gómez-Lizarrága Laura Elena , Bucio-Galindo Lauro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, urban dust samples were collected at 1 km radius surrounding one of the largest Ag-Cd-Pb-Zn smelting and refining complex in the world (Met-Mex Peñoles), which is in operation in Torreón (North México) since 1901. Metal-rich particles in urban dust were analyzed for elemental composition, and Pb-rich particles were identified, characterized, and analyzed for mineral identification by using conventional techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Pb-rich particles showed a variety of sizes and morphologies and different contents of Pb and other elements. Pb-rich particles were related to the fugitive and non-controlled emissions from Met-Mex Peñoles. Galena occurs in individual and metal-rich agglomerate particles. The presence of secondary Pb minerals (e.g., Pb carbonates, Pb sulfate, and Pb oxides) evidenced the weathering in Pb-rich particles and metal-rich agglomerates. Secondary Pb minerals are incorporated in finer particles than original sulfide minerals, and they are also more concentrated in Pb and chemically more available than galena for the environment and humans. Physical-chemical transformations on the weathered Pb-rich particles are increasing the availability and toxicity of lead in the urban dust and the potential impacts on the environment and human health.
Local Benefits Exceed Costs For Widespread Charging Infrastructure For On-Street Urban Parking
Authors: Schmutz Malenka , Vliet Oscar van , Patt Anthony 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLack of charging infrastructure is a critical barrier to the dissemination of electric cars and many cities have started installing charging stations in public parking spaces.We do a cost-benefit analyses of installing charging stations in public parking spaces, with different assumptions for uptake of electric cars, topology of charging stations, environmental benefits, and costs for infrastructure. We use the case study of Zurich, which is representative of dense European cities.ResultsWe find that building charging stations in residential areas has net positive benefits, as long as the charging stations are used at least one-third of the daytime. Net benefits remain positive if we remove noise or climate benefits.ConclusionsAiming to equip 40% of public residential parking spaces with charging points, and then accelerating or slowing down the deployment of charging stations based on their actual use appears to be a robust strategy that will result in positive net public benefits for city residents and stimulate uptake of electric cars.
Nanoselenium Transformation And Inhibition of Cadmium Accumulation By Regulating The Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway And Plant Hormone Signal Transduction In Pepper Plants
Authors: Li Dong , Zhou Chunran , Ma Jinling , Wu Yangliu , Kang Lu , An Quanshun , Zhang Jingbang , Deng Kailin , Li Jia-Qi , Pan Canping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Selenium (Se) can promote the growth and resistance of agricultural crops as fertilizers, while the role of nano-selenium (nano-Se) against Cd remains unclear in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). Biofortification with nano-Se observably restored Cd stress by decreasing the level of Cd in plant tissues and boosting the accumulation in biomass. The Se compounds transformed by nano-Se were primarily in the form of SeMet and MeSeCys in pepper tissues. Differential metabolites and the genes of plant signal transduction and lignin biosynthesis were measured by employing transcriptomics and determining target metabolites. The number of lignin-related genes (PAL, CAD, 4CL, and COMT) and contents of metabolites (sinapyl alcohol, phenylalanine, p-coumaryl alcohol, caffeyl alcohol, and coniferaldehyde) were remarkably enhanced by treatment with Cd1Se0.2, thus, maintaining the integrity of cell walls in the roots. It also enhanced signal transduction by plant hormones and responsive resistance by inducing the biosynthesis of genes (BZR1, LOX3, and NCDE1) and metabolites (brassinolide, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid) in the roots and leaves. In general, this study can enable a better understanding of the protective mechanism of nano-Se in improving the capacity of plants to resist environmental stress.
Temperature Distribution And Mechanical Properties of FSW Medium Thickness 2219 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Lu Xiaohong , Luan Yihan , Meng Xiangyue , Zhou Yu , Zhao Ning , Liang Steven Y. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state jointing technology, which has the advantages of high joint strength, low residual stress aXnd small deformation after welding. During the process of FSW, the welding temperature has an important effect on the quality of the weldment. Therefore, the heat generation model of FSW of medium thickness 2219 aluminum alloy is established based on the friction heat generation at the interface between the tool and the workpiece and the plastic deformation heat generation of the weldment material near the tool. The heat transfer model is set under the premise of considering heat conduction, thermal convection, and thermal radiation. Using JMatPro technology, the temperature-related material parameters of 2219 aluminum alloy are calculated based on the material composition, and the heat generation model is imported into the ABAQUS simulation software based on the DFLUX subroutine, and the establishment of the FSW thermodynamic model is realized. The effectiveness of the model is verified by FSW experiments. The thermodynamic model takes into account both heat generation (friction heat generation and plastic deformation heat generation) and heat transfer (heat conduction, thermal convection and thermal radiation), so it has a high prediction accuracy. Based on the FSW thermodynamic model, the influence of welding parameters on temperature distribution is explored, subsequently the influence of welding temperature on mechanical properties of welded joint are also studied. The research can provide guidance for predicting and characterizing the temperature distribution and the improvement of mechanical performance of FSW.
The Mutational Landscape of Upper Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas- A Study of Similarities and Differences
Authors: Krishnamurthy Kritika , Urioste Sophia Navajas , Cusnir Mike , Schwartz Michael , Alghamdi Sarah , Sriganes Vathany , Poppiti Robert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose-The gastrointestinal tract is home to a wide variety of neoplasms. Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas display distinct prognostic patterns. With the advent of next generation sequencing, attempts are being made to delineate distinct molecular characteristics of these adenocarcinomas from adjoining anatomical sites.Methods-Thirty-seven cases of upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas including those of the esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, stomach, small intestine and gallbladder were retrieved. Next generation sequencing data consisting of base substitutions, copy number variations, indels and rearrangements, in 324 genes, were analyzed for recurrent genetic abnormalities. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS25 and SAS software.Results-Genetic alterations were found in 181 genes. APC mutations were found in 50% of the esophageal adenocarcinomas, 5% of the gastric adenocarcinomas and 33.3% of the small intestinal adenocarcinomas (p=0.04). PIK3 gene family mutations were found in 10% of the gastric adenocarcinomas, 66% of the gall bladder adenocarcinomas and 66% of the small intestinal adenocarcinomas (p=0.002).The mutations were found exclusively in the PIK3 class 1 family.Conclusion-In this study, APC gene mutations were found to be more frequent in esophageal and small intestinal adenocarcinomas than previously reported. PIK3 class 1 gene family mutations were found to be more frequent in gallbladder and small intestinal adenocarcinomas.
Aptamer Selection Against Quinolones Antibiotics Using Immobilizing Free SELEX, and Studying Aptamer-Antibiotic Interaction By Spectroscopy and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kabiri Maryam , Rafati Hasan , Tohidfar Masoud , Aliahmadi Atousa , Ghassempour Alireza , Shahsavari Zeinab , Rezadoost Hassan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Over-consumption of antibiotics has led to antimicrobial resistance creating urgency to find fast and efficient techniques to monitor the level of antibiotics in the foods. The advantages of using aptamer for a variety of scientific challenges are becoming more abundant in different fields, making its applications more effective and cost-efficient. In this study, two aptamers against two quinolones antibiotics (Enrofloxacin and Ofloxacin) were isolated via GO-SELEX (graphene oxide assisted Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment). The interaction between the aptamer and its cognate antibiotic was investigated using spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The obtained evidence from spectroscopy showed that the interaction of antibiotics with their aptamers resulted in a 41.98% and 22.45 % reduction in the extinction coefficient (ɛ) value of enrofloxacin and ofloxacin, respectively. This phenomenon could arise from the stacking interaction between the aromatic region of antibiotic and aptamer’s bases. The formation of the aptamer-antibiotic complex was studied by the high-resolution ESI-Q-TOF. In the obtained mass spectra, several peaks corresponding to the aptamer-antibiotic complexes with a wide range of charge distribution were identified, which could be explained by the fact that both aptamer-ENR and aptamer-OFLO complexes were stable in the gas phase and the intact complexes survived in the vacuum. This stability could be explained by the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between the aptamers and antibiotics. As both aptamers can distinguish quinolone from other antibiotic families, these aptamers may become great recognizing elements for apta-sensors.
Tumor Cell Intrinsic And Extrinsic Features Predicts Prognosis In Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Yao Kevin , Schaafsma Evelien , Zhang Baoyi , Cheng Chao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Although estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is generally associated with favorable prognosis, clinical outcome varies substantially among patients. Genomic assays have been developed and applied to predict patient prognosis for personalized treatment. Methods: We hypothesize that the recurrence risk of ER+ breast cancer patients is determined by both genomic mutations intrinsic to tumor cells and extrinsic immunological features in the tumor microenvironment. Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer data, we identified the 72 most common genomic aberrations (including gene mutations and indels) in ER+ breast cancer and defined sample-specific scores that systematically characterized the deregulated pathways intrinsic to tumor cells. To further consider tumor cell extrinsic features, we calculated immune infiltration scores for six major immune cell types. Results: Many individual intrinsic features are predictive of patient prognosis in ER+ breast cancer, and some of them achieved comparable accuracy with the Oncotype DX assay. In addition, statistical learning models that integrated these features predicts the recurrence risk of patients with significantly better performance than the Oncotype DX assay.Conclusions: As a proof-of-concept, our study indicates the great potential of genomic and immunological features in prognostic prediction for improving breast cancer precision medicine. The framework introduced in this work can be readily applied to other cancers.
Stability Analysis and Experimental Research on Ultrasonic Cutting of Wave-absorbing Honeycomb Material With Disc Cutter
Authors: Guo Zongfu , Liu Xin , Yao Sufang , Yu Baohua , Hu Xiaoping , Ye Hongxian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To address the problem of the poor stability of ultrasonic machining of wave-absorbing honeycomb materials, this paper takes ultrasonic cutting of wave-absorbing honeycomb materials with a disc cutter as the research object and establishes a multi-degree-of-freedom mathematical model of the cutting system based on the relative positions of the tool and the honeycomb material and the motion characteristics of the tool. On this basis, modal analysis of the disc tool and the honeycomb cellular element wall plate is carried out to draw the Lobe diagram of ultrasonic cutting stability, the process experimental parameters are determined according to the solved stability Lobe diagram, and machining stability verification experiments are carried out. The experimental results show that the machining parameters in the stable region of the Lobe diagram result in a neat and clean surface, less fibre pullout, a complete outer substrate, and less tool wear than those in the critical and unstable regions, thus verifying the correctness of the theoretical model and the stability Lobe diagram.
Self-assembled Nanoparticles of Polycationic b Rush and p Hotosensitizer for Synergistic Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapies Against Periodontitis
Authors: Shi Enyu , Bai Liya , Mao Lujia , Wang Hanping , Yang Xiaoying , Wang Yinsong , Zhang Mingming , Li Changyi , Wang Yue 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease in oral cavity owing to bacterial infection. Photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have many advantages for antibacterial treatment. As an excellent photosensitizer, indocyanine green (ICG) shows prominent photothermal and photodynamic performances. However, it is difficult to pass through the negatively charged bacterial cell membrane, thus limits its antibacterial efficacy for periodontitis treatment.Results: In this work, we developed a nanosystem from self-assembly of ICG and polycationic brush for synergistic PTT and PDT against periodontitis. A star-shaped polycationic brush, poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (sPDMA), was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of DMA monomer from bromo-substituted β-cyclodextrin initiator (CD-Br). ICG was then self-assembled with sPDMA to form ICG-loaded sPDMA (sPDMA@ICG) nanoparticles (NPs), and the physicochemical properties of these NPs were characterized in detail. In vitro antibacterial effects of sPDMA@ICG NPs were evaluated in porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), one of the recognized periodontitis pathogens, and in vivo anti-periodontitis effects of NPs were investigated in a rat periodontitis model. Benefiting from the unique brush-shaped architecture of sPDMA polycation, sPDMA@ICG NPs efficiently delivered ICG into the bacterial cells through promoting their adsorption and penetration abilities, and also exhibited effective antibacterial and anti-periodontitis actions via synergistic PTT and PDT both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions: This work developed a promising nano-photosensitizer for synergistic PTT and PDT for antibacterial and periodontitis treatments in clinic.
Association between chemotherapy and prognostic factors of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma: a SEER population‑based cohort study
Authors: Liu Meiqi , Xu Mengying , Tang Tiantian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Hepatectomy and transplantation are the main surgical therapies for HCC patients, and radiotherapy or chemotherapy is often used as the adjuvant treatment. Researches have evaluated the independent predictors of HCC, but evidence for factors predicting the efficacy of chemotherapy is rare. Methods Patients diagnosed with HCC between 2010 and 2015 from the SEER database were included and randomly divided into non-chemotherapy and chemotherapy groups. The predictors of CSS and OS were analyzed with the Cox proportional-hazards regression model and Fine and Gray’s competing risk model. Results Although there was no significant difference in survival analysis between the chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy groups, the cumulative cancer-specific mortality of most HCC patients were decreased in chemotherapy group. AJCC stage, tumor size, grade, surgery and radiotherapy were predictors of OS and CSS in non-chemotherapy group, while AJCC stage, tumor size, AFP, grade and surgery in chemotherapy group. Surgery combined with chemotherapy was applicable to all AJCC stage patients. Surgery was the major treatment option for patients in AJCC Ⅰ and AJCC Ⅱ stage, and chemotherapy in AJCC Ⅲ and AJCC Ⅳ stage. Conclusions In conclusion, the study provided population-based estimates of the prognostic factors in HCC patients with or without chemotherapy.
Zinc Oxide and IGZO Bi-layer Synaptic Device with Highly Linear Long-term Potentiation and Depression Characteristics
Authors: Choi Hyun-Woong , Song Ki-Woo , Kim Seong-Hyun , Thanh Nguyen Kim , Eadi Sunil Babu , Kwon Hyuk-Min , Lee Hi-Deok 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The electrical properties, resistive switching behavior, and long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD) in a single indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) and bi-layer IGZO/ZnO memristors were investigated for synapse application. The use of oxide bi-layer memristor, in particular, improved electrical properties such as stability, reliability of memristors, and increase in the synaptic weight states. Bi-layer IGZO/ZnO memristors had a set voltage of 0.9 V, and reset voltage around -0.7 V, resulting in low-power consumption for neuromorphic systems. The oxygen vacancies in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis played a role in the modulation of the high-resistance state (HRS) (oxygen-deficient) and the low-resistance state (oxygen-rich) region. The VRESET of bi-layer IGZO/ZnO memristors was lower than that of a single IGZO, which implied that oxygen vacancy filaments could be easily ruptured due to the higher oxygen vacancy peak HRS layer. The nonlinearity of LTP and LTD characteristics in a bi-layer IGZO/ZnO memristor was 6.77% and 11.49%, respectively, compared to those of 20.03% and 51.1% in a single IGZO memristor, respectively. Therefore, the extra ZnO layer in the bi-layer memristor with IGZO was potentially significant and essential to achieve a small set voltage and a reset voltage, and the switching behavior to form the conductive path.