bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic resection of aortocaval paraganglioma diagnosed by serial increase in urinary metanephrines after bilateral adrenalectomy in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A
Authors: Miyata Yushi , Hatano Koji , Okuno Yosuke , Ujike Takeshi , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Uemura Motohide , Kiuchi Hiroshi , Imamura Ryoichi , Otsuki Michio , Nonomura Norio 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionAlthough bilateral pheochromocytoma is prevalent in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, extra‐adrenal tumors rarely occur in the aortocaval area.Case presentationA 35‐year‐old man with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (RET codon Cys634Arg mutation) underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for metachronous pheochromocytoma. After bilateral adrenalectomy, urinary metanephrines decreased below the measurement sensitivity. The levels of urinary metanephrines were serially elevating to a peak of 187 ng/mgCr during the 11‐year follow‐up period; however, urinary normetanephrine levels remained almost stable. 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine single‐photon emission computed tomography revealed abnormal accumulation with a mass of 25 × 18 mm in diameter in the aortocaval space cranially to the renal vessels. The extra‐adrenal paraganglioma was successfully resected using transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery.ConclusionThe serial increase in urinary metanephrine levels was useful for the detection of the recurrent tumor in a patient who had undergone bilateral adrenalectomy.
Notum Deletion From Late-Stage Skeletal Cells Increases Cortical Bone Formation and Potentiates Skeletal Effects of Sclerostin Inhibition
Authors: Choi Roy B , Bullock Whitney A , Hoggatt April M , Horan Daniel J , Pemberton Emily Z , Hong Jung Min , Zhang Xinjun , He Xi , Robling Alexander G 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Wnt signaling plays a vital role in the cell biology of skeletal patterning, differentiation, and maintenance. Notum is a secreted member of the α/β-hydrolase superfamily that hydrolyzes the palmitoleoylate modification on Wnt proteins, thereby disrupting Wnt signaling. As a secreted inhibitor of Wnt, Notum presents an attractive molecular target for improving skeletal health. To determine the cell type of action for Notum's effect on the skeleton, we generated mice with Notum deficiency globally (Notum−/−) and selectively (Notumf/f) in limb bud mesenchyme (Prx1-Cre) and late osteoblasts/osteocytes (Dmp1-Cre). Late-stage deletion induced increased cortical bone properties, similar to global mutants. Notum expression was enhanced in response to sclerostin inhibition, so dual inhibition (Notum/sclerostin) was also investigated using a combined genetic and pharmacologic approach. Co-suppression increased cortical properties beyond either factor alone. Notum suppressed Wnt signaling in cell reporter assays, but surprisingly also enhanced Shh signaling independent of effects on Wnt. Notum is an osteocyte-active suppressor of cortical bone formation that is likely involved in multiple signaling pathways important for bone homeostasis © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Application of the Danish pesticide load indicator to arable agriculture in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lewis Kathleen , Rainford James , Tzilivakis John , Garthwaite David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPesticides are an important component of worldwide agriculture systems and have contributed to significant increases in crop quality and yields and therefore to food security. However, despite their societal benefits, pesticides can be hazardous to humans and the environment. Therefore, effective pesticide polices are needed that balance the societal and economic benefits with the unintentional and undesirable environmental and health impacts. As a result, there has been consistent policy interest in pragmatic and practical techniques that are suitable for assessing the environmental and human health implications of agricultural pesticide use from a national perspective for assisting in the development of policy initiatives and for communicating policy outcomes to the public. The work described herein explored the appropriateness of the Danish Pesticide Load Indictor for assessing agricultural pesticides applied in the United Kingdom from 2016 and 2018. The findings for the two datasets appear broadly comparable, suggesting that the overall environmental load from pesticides on the U.K. environment remained relatively constant during this period. Regional differences in environmental load and the major contributing substances were identified. Where large differences between the two years were seen, regulatory interventions appear to have been the cause. Overall, the indicator behaves as expected and appears to be sufficiently responsive to changes in pesticide use. However, various concerns were identified that may lead to modifications in how the indicator is calculated and what parameters are included to make it better able to deliver U.K. policy objectives.
The COVID‐19 pandemic and reproductive genetic counseling: Changes in access and service delivery at an academic medical center in the United States
Authors: Mann Caitlin , Goodhue Brighton , Guillard Arianna , Slamon Jill , Newman Randa , Zhao Zhiguo , Ding Tan , Petrelli Gianna , Dudek Martha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic widely disrupted the delivery of healthcare services, including genetic counseling. To ensure continuity of care, the reproductive genetic counselors at a large academic medical center in the United States rapidly transitioned their practice from 90% in‐person patient consultations to a predominantly telehealth model. The present study describes this transition in regard to patient access to genetic counseling and genetic screening. A chart review of patients seen by the reproductive genetic counselors from January 2020 to August 2020 was completed. The time frame included the three months prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic and the first five months during COVID‐19. Patient demographics and clinical and appointment data were compared between the pre‐COVID‐19 and during‐COVID‐19 timeframes. Overall, 88.6% of patients were seen via telehealth during COVID‐19 and there was no significant difference based upon patient age (p = .20), indication for appointment (p = .06), or gestational age (p = .06). However, non‐English speaking patients were more often seen in‐person than by telehealth (p < .001), and more patients residing farther from the clinic were seen via telehealth (p = .004). During‐COVID‐19 results for prenatal cell‐free DNA screening and expanded carrier screening were delayed (p < .001). Additionally, after consenting to screening, patients seen during COVID‐19 were more likely to not complete a sample collection for their intended screening when compared to those seen pre‐COVID‐19 (OR = 6.15, 95% CI = 1.43–26.70, p = .015). Overall, this study supports that access to genetic counseling services and genetic screening can be maintained during a global pandemic like COVID‐19. Genetic counselors are well‐equipped to pivot swiftly during challenging times; however, they must continue to work to address other barriers to accessing genetic services, especially for non‐English speaking populations. Future studies are needed to pose solutions to the obstacles confronted in this service delivery model during a global pandemic.
Limits of empathy: The dementia tōjisha movement in Japan
Authors: Kitanaka Junko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHow can we imagine someone's experience of illness—even extreme cases, like, for example, psychosis—to the extent that we begin to empathize as if the experience were nearly our own? Based on 5 years of archival research and anthropological fieldwork, I investigate how different forms of understanding and empathy have emerged through the work of people living with dementia (dementia tōjishas), some of who have advocated for the cause in Japan. I show how those with dementia used to be regarded as incommensurable beings, who were sometimes romanticized as having a transcendental power, and how those who care for them have changed their perspectives as they began to see dementia tōjisha as possible versions of their future selves. I also describe the rise of the tōjisha movement and the ways in which it has raised questions about the limits of empathy and instead asserted rights as a basis of understanding. In doing so, dementia tōjisha may be questioning the very foundation of Japanese society, highly invested as it is in the virtue of empathy for maintaining social relations.
Vitis vinifera Turkish novel table grape ‘Karaerik’. Part II: Non‐anthocyanin phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Pérez‐Navarro José , Hermosín‐Gutiérrez Isidro , Gómez‐Alonso Sergio , Kurt‐Celebi Aynur , Colak Nesrin , Akpınar Erdal , Hayirlioglu‐Ayaz Sema , Ayaz Faik A 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUND‘Karaerik’ is a novel table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) native to Turkey and widely cultivated in areas bordering the city of Erzincan. Because of the demonstrated beneficial effects on human health of the grape phenolic composition, the aim of this work was to conduct a detailed profiling of non‐anthocyanin phenolic fractions from different grape tissues of the ‘Karaerik’ table grape. Both qualitative and quantitative characterization of phenolic compounds were achieved using high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Total phenolic content and oxygen radical absorbance capacity were also determined to evaluate the antioxidant properties of this table grape.RESULTSA high number of non‐anthocyanin phenolic compounds was identified in ‘Karaerik’ table grape skins and seeds, including 11 flavonols, six hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, two stilbenes, several monomeric and dimeric flavan‐3‐ols and proanthocyanidins. Quercetin‐type derivatives dominated the flavonol profile of grape skins, followed by myricetin type. Tartaric acid esters of three acids (caffeic, coumaric and ferulic acids) were the main hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in this cultivar. Qualitative and quantitative differences were observed in flavan‐3‐ol composition among the grape tissues. Proanthocyanidins were the most abundant class of phenolic compounds in ‘Karaerik’ grapes, being mainly located in seeds. Higher antioxidant capacity values were determined in grape seeds, in correlation with the total phenolic content.CONCLUSIONThese results provide useful information for a better understanding of phenolic antioxidants from the ‘Karaerik’ table grape and will contribute to promoting the varietal identity and health‐related properties of this fruit. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Metal‐Free Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Applications, and Future Perspectives
Authors: de Ávila Gonçalves Sayeny , R. Rodrigues Plínio , Pioli Vieira Roniérik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is a class of powerful techniques capable of synthesizing polymers with a well‐defined structure, properties, and functionalities. Among the available RDRPs, ATRP is the most investigated. However, the necessity of a metal catalyst represents a drawback and limits its use for some applications. O‐ATRP emerged as an alternative to traditional ATRP that uses organic compounds that catalyze polymerization under light irradiation instead of metal. The friendly nature and the robustness of O‐ATRP allow its use in the synthesis of tailorable advanced materials with unique properties. In this review, the fundamental aspects of the reductive and oxidative quenching mechanism of O‐ATRP are provided, as well as insights into each component and its role in the reaction. Besides, the breakthrough recent studies that applied O‐ATRP for the synthesis of functional materials are presented, which illustrate the significant potential and impact of this technique across diverse fields.
Technical Note: Collimator angle optimization for multiple brain metastases in dynamic conformal arc treatment planning
Authors: Battinelli Cecilia , Fredriksson Albin , Eriksson Kjell 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo reduce the exposed area by the multileaf collimator between lesions for single‐isocenter dynamic conformal arc (DCA) therapy for stereotactic radiosurgery treatment of multiple brain metastases by optimizing the collimator angle orientation. In particular, this is achieved by the avoidance of collimator angles where multiple lesions are exposed by the same leaf pairs.MethodsAn algorithm that estimates the quality of an arc by considering the target projections onto the plane perpendicular to the central axis of the arc beam. A penalty proportional to the exposure of healthy tissue between metastases is assigned to each control point and each feasible collimator angle from a discretized set of angles. The algorithm can generate two outputs: the fixed optimal collimator angle over all the control points, or the optimal collimator angle trajectory through all the control points considering the rotation speed of the collimator. The first output is based on explicit enumeration of all collimator angles, and the second one generates the optimal trajectory using dynamic programming to find the globally optimal solution with respect to the objective function cost. The algorithm was validated on eight clinical cases having a different number of cranial metastases: two metastases (n = 1), three metastases (n = 5), four metastases (n = 1), and five metastases (n = 1). Plans with optimized fixed collimator angles and plans with optimized dynamic collimator trajectories were compared between each other.ResultsWhen comparing optimal dynamic trajectories to fixed optimal collimator trajectories, the resulting plans demonstrated a total reduction of the exposed area between lesions over the entire beam configuration from 21.7% up to 71.3%; similarly, beam‐wise reductions ranging from 5.83% to over 90% have been registered.ConclusionCollimator angle optimization has the potential to reduce the magnitude of the exposed area between lesions in an efficient way for non‐isocentric treatments where multiple lesions are treated simultaneously. Dynamic trajectories are capable of limiting the island blocking problem more than optimal fixed trajectories by exploiting the extra degree of freedom of rotating the multileaf collimator. The algorithm can also lead to time saving during the treatment planning process.
Technical note: Validation of 3D ultrasound for image registration during oncological liver surgery
Authors: Smit Jasper N. , Kuhlmann Koert F. D. , Thomson Bart R. , Kok Niels F. M. , Fusaglia Matteo , Ruers Theo J. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeRegistration of pre‐ and intraoperative images is a crucial step of surgical liver navigation, where rigid registration of vessel centerlines is currently commonly used. When using 3D ultrasound (US), accuracy during navigation might be influenced by the size of the intraoperative US volume, yet the relationship between registration accuracy and US volume size is understudied. In this study, we specify an optimal 3D US volume size for registration using varying volumes of liver vasculature. While previous studies measured accuracy at registered fiducials, in this work, accuracy is determined at the target lesion which is clinically the most relevant structure.MethodsThree‐dimensional US volumes were acquired in 14 patients after laparotomy and liver mobilization. Manual segmentation of vasculature and centerline extraction was performed. Intraoperative and preoperative vasculature centerlines were registered with coherent point drift, using different sub‐volumes (sphere with radius r = 30, 40, …, 120 mm). Accuracy was measured by fiducial registration error (FRE) between vessel centerlines and target registration error (TRE) at the center of the target lesion.ResultsThe lowest FRE for vessel registration was reached with r = 50 mm (6.5 ± 2.5 mm), the highest with r = 120 mm (7.1 ± 2.1 mm). Clinical accuracy at the target lesion, resulted most accurate (TRE = 8.8 ± 5.0 mm) in sub‐volumes with a radius of 50 mm. Smaller US sub‐volumes resulted in lower average TREs when compared to larger US sub‐volumes (Pearson's correlation coefficient R = 0.91, p < 0.001).ConclusionOur results indicate that there is a linear correlation between US volume size and registration accuracy at the tumor. Volumes with radii of 50 mm around the target lesion yield higher accuracy (p < 0.05) (Trial number IRBd18032, 11 September 2018).
Registration of ‘MN‐Washburn’ hard red spring wheat containing Barley yellow dwarf virus resistance gene bdv2
Authors: Anderson James A. , Wiersma Jochum J. , Reynolds Susan K. , Conley Emily J. , Caspers Roger , Linkert Gary L. , Kolmer James A. , Jin Yue , Rouse Matthew N. , Dill‐Macky Ruth , Smith Madeleine J. , Dykes Linda , Ohm Jae‐B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract‘MN‐Washburn’ (Reg. no. CV‐1184, PI 694049) hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was released by the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019 because of its high grain yield, good lodging resistance, and end‐use quality characteristics. MN‐Washburn also had good disease resistance, including resistance to Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and field resistance to the Ug99 race group of stem rust. The BYDV resistance of MN‐Washburn results from the introgression of a chromosome 7D translocation containing Thinopyrum intermedium resistance gene bdv2 from the introgression line TC14. MN‐Washburn is a mid‐late maturity cultivar with below‐average plant height due to the semi‐dwarfing genes Rht‐B1 and Rht24. MN‐Washburn has good resistance to prevalent races of pathogens causing leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust and is well‐adapted to the north central United States.
Chain dynamics in partially cross‐linked polyethylene by combined rheology and NMR‐based molecular rheology
Authors: Shahsavan Farhad , Beiner Mario , Saalwächter Kay 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, 1H double‐quantum NMR (DQ NMR) was established as a suitable molecular‐rheology technique to elucidate chain dynamics and to determine entanglement or crosslink densities in linear entangled polymer melts and permanent as well as transient networks. In this work, industrial grade high‐density polyethylene, partially cross‐linked via electron beam irradiation in the semicrystalline state, is probed in the melt state by low‐field DQ NMR and shear rheology. The DQ NMR data is analyzed by two approaches, one assuming the presence of a permanent network and the other considering the potentially complex relaxation spectrum of the studied inhomogeneous systems. A correlation between the DQ NMR results and extent of cross‐linking is found. By direct comparison of the rheological results and the NMR‐based segmental orientation autocorrelation functions (OACF) via time–temperature superposition (TTS), qualitative consistency between the microscopic and macroscopic observables is established. In this way, the frequency range of shear rheology can be extended by about two decades into the 10 krad/s range. The NMR method is thus a valuable extension of the toolbox of characterization techniques, where gel content measurements by solvent extraction proved to be the least sensitive.
pH/enzyme/light triple‐responsive vesicles from lysine‐based amphiphilic diblock copolymers
Authors: Qin Guoyang , Hu Cong , Jiang Yanfen , Dong Shuqi , Liu Li , Zhao Hanying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis of pH‐ and enzyme‐responsive amphiphilic diblock copolymers through reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of a lysine‐derived methacrylate monomer comprising p‐nitrobenzyl carbamate (pNBC) functionality using a poly(ethylene glycol)‐modified macro‐chain transfer agent. Depending on the hydrophobic block length, the diblock copolymers self‐assemble to form spherical micelles, wormlike micelles, and bilayered vesicles in the aqueous solution. The responsive behaviors of the polymeric vesicles to pH, enzyme, and light are investigated in detail. As the pH lowers to pH 5.0, the polymeric vesicles undergo a morphological transition from vesicles to spherical micelles. In the presence of nitroreductase and a cofactor NADH, the decomposition of pNBC releases the ε‐NH2 of the lysine moiety and hence induces the generation of the vesicles with crosslinked membranes at pH 7.4. Moreover, owing to the degradation of pNBC moiety under UV irradiation, the polymeric vesicles also demonstrate a photo‐responsive feature. As the irradiation time prolongs, it is observed a light‐triggered morphological transition from vesicles to wormlike micelles with network‐like structures.
Circ_0001821 knockdown suppresses growth, metastasis, and TAX resistance of non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells by regulating the miR‐526b‐5p/GRK5 axis
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Changchao , Liu Huiqun , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNon‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a huge obstacle to human health. Certain circular RNAs endow with crucial regulatory roles in NSCLC progression. Here, we investigated the functional effects of circ_0001821 on cellular behaviors of NSCLC cells and explored the possible mechanism. The expression of circ_0001821, microRNA (miR)‐526b‐5p, and G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay. Clonogenicity in NSCLC cells was detected via colony formation assay. Cell migration and invasion were monitored by Transwell assay. Cell sensitivity to paclitaxel (TAX) evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, caspase‐3 activity, and caspase‐9 activity. The targeted relationship between miR‐526b‐5p and circ_0001821 or GRK5 was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter or RNA pull‐down assay. Moreover, the role of circ_0001821 in vivo was examined by xenograft model assay. The results presented that the expression of circ_0001821 and GRK5 was increased, while miR‐526b‐5p expression was decreased in NSCLC tissues and cells. Circ_0001821 knockdown reduced colony formation ability and metastasis ability but enhanced TAX sensibility and apoptosis of NSCLC cells, which was attenuated by miR‐526b‐5p inhibition or GRK5 overexpression. Circ_0001821 targeted miR‐526b‐5p, and miR‐526b‐5p targeted GRK5. Circ_0001821 could upregulate GRK5 expression by sponging miR‐526b‐5p. Depletion of circ_0001821 also blocked tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, the depletion of circ_0001821 inhibited NSCLC progression, at least in part, by modulating the miR‐526b‐5p/GRK5 axis.