bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor DNA Mutations From Intraparenchymal Brain Metastases Are Detectable in CSF
Authors: Cheok Stephanie Kim , Narayan Azeet , Arnal-Estape Anna , Gettinger Scott , Goldberg Sarah B. , Kluger Harriet M. , Nguyen Don , Patel Abhijit , Chiang Veronica 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE Discordant responses between brain metastases and extracranial tumors can arise from branched tumor evolution, underscoring the importance of profiling mutations to optimize therapy. However, the morbidity of brain biopsies limits their use. We investigated whether cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in CSF could serve as an effective surrogate marker for genomic profiling of intraparenchymal (IP) brain metastases. METHODS CSF and blood were collected simultaneously from patients with progressive brain metastases undergoing a craniotomy or lumbar puncture. Mutations in both biofluids were measured using an error-suppressed deep sequencing method previously published by our group. Forty-three regions of 24 cancer-associated genes were assayed. RESULTS This study enrolled 14 patients with either IP brain metastases (n = 12) or cytology-positive leptomeningeal disease (LMD, n = 2) and two controls with normal pressure hydrocephalus. Primary cancer types were lung, melanoma, renal cell, and colorectal. cfDNA was measurable in all sixteen samples of CSF. Cancer-associated mutations were found in the CSF of ten patients (eight with IP [67%] and two with LMD [100%]) and plasma of five patients (five with IP [42%] and none with LMD). All patients with plasma cfDNA had extracranial tumors. Among the five patients in the cohort who also had mutation data from time-matched brain metastasis tissue, four patients (80%) had matching mutations detected in CSF and brain, whereas only one patient (20%) had matching mutations detected in plasma and brain. CONCLUSION The detection of mutational DNA in CSF is not restricted to LMD and was found in two thirds of patients with IP brain metastases in our cohort. Analysis of CSF can be a viable alternative to biopsy for detection of somatic mutations in brain metastases.
Ocean acidification alters properties of the exoskeleton in adult Tanner crabs, Chionoecetes bairdi
Authors: Dickinson Gary H. , Bejerano Shai , Salvador Trina , Makdisi Christine , Patel Shrey , Long W. Christopher , Swiney Katherine M. , Foy Robert J. , Steffel Brittan V. , Smith Kathryn E. , Aronson Richard B. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Ocean acidification can affect the ability of calcifying organisms to build and maintain mineralized tissue. In decapod crustaceans, the exoskeleton is a multilayered structure composed of chitin, protein and mineral, predominately magnesian calcite or amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). We investigated the effects of acidification on the exoskeleton of mature (post-terminal-molt) female southern Tanner crabs, Chionoecetes bairdi. Crabs were exposed to one of three pH levels – 8.1, 7.8 or 7.5 – for 2 years. Reduced pH led to a suite of body region-specific effects on the exoskeleton. Microhardness of the claw was 38% lower in crabs at pH 7.5 compared with those at pH 8.1, but carapace microhardness was unaffected by pH. In contrast, reduced pH altered elemental content in the carapace (reduced calcium, increased magnesium), but not the claw. Diminished structural integrity and thinning of the exoskeleton were observed at reduced pH in both body regions; internal erosion of the carapace was present in most crabs at pH 7.5, and the claws of these crabs showed substantial external erosion, with tooth-like denticles nearly or completely worn away. Using infrared spectroscopy, we observed a shift in the phase of calcium carbonate present in the carapace of pH 7.5 crabs: a mix of ACC and calcite was found in the carapace of crabs at pH 8.1, whereas the bulk of calcium carbonate had transformed to calcite in pH 7.5 crabs. With limited capacity for repair, the exoskeleton of long-lived crabs that undergo a terminal molt, such as C. bairdi, may be especially susceptible to ocean acidification.
Discrimination of Methanol from Ethanol in Gasoline Using a Membrane-type Surface Stress Sensor Coated with Copper(I) Complex
Authors: Nishikawa Michihiro , Murata Tomohiro , Ishihara Shinsuke , Shiba Kota , Shrestha Lok Kumar , Yoshikawa Genki , Minami Kosuke , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We successfully fabricated a novel sensing platform, a Membrane-type Surface stress Sensor (MSS) coated with copper(I) complex bearing phen and BINAP ligands, [Cu(phen)((±)-BINAP)]PF6 (1, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, BINAP = 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl), for specific molecular sensing. Based on the transduction of mechanical stresses derived from sorption-induced deformation of Cu(I) complex, the detection performance of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been investigated. The fabricated sensor devices showed selective responses to methanol over a wide range of VOCs. In addition, distinct MSS signals upon exposure to methanol were observed for mixing samples of methanol in n-hexane and gasoline with clear discrimination of ethanol mixtures. In fact, gasoline vapor with 1% methanol exhibited much higher MSS responses than 20% ethanol containing gasoline samples. Methanol contamination in gasoline and related petroleum samples is a world-wide common problem in the automobile and fuel sectors where detection of methanol contaminants with portable devices by easy procedures is required. The current research results will contribute to fulfilling these social demands.
Nanographenes from Distinct Carbon Sources
Authors: Matsumoto Ikuya , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article reports production protocols for nanographenes and the effect of the reaction conditions on their structures and optical properties. These fundamental studies are of value for exploring suitable reaction conditions for the production of nanographenes with desirable properties. Graphite, finely crushed graphite powders, and artificial graphite, all of which are commercially available, are employed. Nanographenes are produced by the acid-assisted oxidative cleavage of the parent carbons followed by neutralization and deionization. The use of dialysis membranes for the size separation of nanographenes offers nanographenes with a specific size distribution, thereby allowing their structures and optical properties to be compared. Experiments demonstrate that small amounts of acids (60 ml of conc. H2SO4 and 20 mL of 60% HNO3) and oxidation for 12 h promotes a more efficient and cost-effective production of nanographenes from 2 g of a carbon source. The functionalization of the nanographene edges with p-propargyloxybenzyl amine confirms that the armchair edge with two carboxy groups is the dominant edge structure, irrespective of the carbon source.
Influence of Reaction Temperature on CO2-to-methanol Hydrogenation over MZrOx (M = Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, and In)
Authors: Tada Shohei , Iyoki Kenta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To open up the possibility of synthesizing useful substances from CO2, we have developed new catalysts that hydrogenate CO2 to methanol with high yield at 300 °C and higher. In this study, methanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation at 250–350 °C and 10 bar was investigated using Zr-based metal oxide catalysts, MZrOx (M = Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, and In). The different metals (M) determined the suitable reaction temperature wherein the maximum yield of methanol was obtained. CuZrOx was a suitable catalyst for low-temperature methanol synthesis because the yield decreased with increasing reaction temperature from 250 °C to 350 °C. In contrast, ZnZrOx, GaZrOx, and InZrOx were suitable for methanol synthesis at 300 °C and higher. In particular, ZnZrOx afforded the highest yield of methanol (60 mLSTP h−1 g−1 at 300 °C) among the prepared MZrOx catalysts.
Chiral Magnetism: Coupling Static and Dynamic Chirality
Authors: Inoue Katsuya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe synthesis, structure, magnetic properties and magnetic structure of two molecular chiral magnets and one inorganic chiral magnet are presented. In magnetic crystals belonging to the Sohncke group, which includes the chiral group, the chiral non-collinear spin structure is achieved through Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions in addition to the usual exchange spin interactions and dipole-dipole spin interactions. Experimentally, a chiral helical magnetic (CHM) structure is observed as the ground state in most of this category of uniaxial chiral magnets as a non-collinear spin structure. CHM structure transforms into a chiral spin soliton (CS) magnetic structure in a magnetic field. The (CS) magnetic structure forms a chiral spin soliton lattice (CSL) magnetic structure when the nearest neighbor magnetic interaction is ferromagnetic. Since the CHM and CSL magnetic structures are topologically protected, they are not affected by defects and are therefore extremely stable. A series of studies have revealed that the chiral magnetic structure is perfectly coupled to the non-symmetric crystal structure. It was also found that the CHM and CSL magnetic structures are macroscopic spin-phase coherent states.
Polariton Chemistry in Cavity Vacuum Fields
Authors: Hirai Kenji , Uji-i Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Even without external photon pumping, cavity vacuum fields can be strongly coupled with molecular transitions (electronic excitation and molecular vibration), resulting in the formation of polaritonic states. The energy states of molecular systems are altered under strong coupling, revealing intriguing phenomena, such as improvements in energy/exciton transfer and modulation of chemical reactions. In this review, we highlight recent advances in cavity strong coupling, including exciton strong coupling and vibrational strong coupling, from a chemistry-based viewpoint.
CuCl/AgSbF6 and Rh2(OAc)4 Comparison for the Synthesis of N-O Tethered Three and Five Membered Rings via Diazo Chemistry
Authors: Merey Gokce , Kubilay H Nur , Anac Olcay 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Diazocarbonyl compounds are versatile precursors of carbenes leading to various structures by using several metal catalysts, especially copper and rhodium salts. In this study, eight different diazocarbonyls having N-O moiety were used. The N-O tethered structures were preferred because they may allow some useful transformations of the final products into valuable compounds via N-O cleavage. In the presence of a double bond on the –OR function of the starting diazo compound, CuCl/AgSbF6 catalyst yielded only cyclopropyl fused oxazinane/oxazepane derivatives over cyclopropanation while Rh2(OAc)4 catalyst was giving mainly isooxazolidinones via C-H insertion.
Conductive Boron-doped Diamond Powder/Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Kondo Takeshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Boron-doped diamond powder (BDDP) and boron-doped nanodiamond (BDND) were developed with the aim of expanding the area of application of conductive diamond electrodes. BDDP and BDND are conductive diamond powders obtained by depositing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) layer on the surface of diamond powder (DP) and nanodiamond (ND) substrates, respectively, by using the chemical vapor deposition method. As the particle size of BDDP depends on that of the DP substrate, it can be arbitrarily selected in the range of at least submicrometer to several micrometers. BDDP can be used for an electrode material of screen-printed diamond electrode, which is a disposable and sensitive electrode for electrochemical detection even from biological fluids. BDDP can also be applied to a durable cathode catalyst support of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. BDND is a conductive diamond particle with a large specific surface area of 650 m2/g or more, and is expected to be used as an electrode material for aqueous electric double-layer capacitors with a large cell voltage leading to high energy and high-power densities. BDDP and BDND are highly versatile functional electrode materials that can be made into inks and pastes, and can be combined easily with other compounds. Therefore, they should be useful for greatly expanding the application fields of diamond electrodes.
Enhancing nutrition specific interventions through public health policies and public-private partnerships in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a desk review
Authors: Mohammad Ali Arabia , Salah Hassan , Awad Mataria , Asmus Hammerich , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub 
Published: January 2021

Background: Public private partnerships (PPPs) in public health have been widely promoted as an effective tool for accelerating progress toward achieving the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG2 “to eliminate hunger”. Partnership with the private sector was found to be very instrumental in improving the nutritional status of poor and food-insecure people and promoting healthy lifestyles. In countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), PPPs for nutrition actions have been mainly driven by the United Nations (UN) and international development agencies to support low and middle-income countries in achieving better health outcomes. Despite the increased prominence of engaging the private sector in public health actions in the EMR, evidence on the role of the private sector in the design/implementation of these actions is still not documented. The objective of this study is to assess the role and contribution of the private sector in the design/implementation of nutrition-specific interventions addressing the double burden of malnutrition in countries from the EMR and identify the key factors for successful PPP implementation. Methods: The study design was descriptive using secondary data obtained from digital internet sources, including World Health Organization (WHO) databases, grey literature, and websites of the UN and international development agencies. Results: The desk review revealed that the private sector has played a sizable role in the implementation of food fortification initiatives and in the implementation of nutritional policies promoting healthy diets. The experience of the EMR shows the significant impact of government commitment, and the availability of national policies and systems for monitoring and enforcement on the sustainability and effectiveness of PPP-specific nutrition interventions. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the key actions recommended for governments to enhance the application of PPPs as a tool to accelerate the EMR’s progress toward achieving nutrition targets under SDG2 by 2030.
Marcadores discursivos focalizadores com 'bem' sob a perspectiva da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso
Authors: Cunha Lacerda Patrícia Fabiane Amaral da , Barbosa Gustavo Ribeiro Patrício 
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo fundamental propor uma rede construcional constituída por marcadores discursivos focalizadores formados por verbos de percepção cognitiva no imperativo em P2 e pelo advérbio focalizador bem –, como, por exemplo, “olha bem”, “veja bem” e “repara bem”. A fim de cumprir o objetivo proposto, baseamo-nos, do ponto de vista teórico, na Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso (BYBEE, 2010; MARTELOTTA, 2011; FURTADO DA CUNHA et al., 2013; TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2013; ROSÁRIO; OLIVEIRA, 2016; BISPO; SILVA, 2016), abordagem que concebe a língua como um inventário de construções organizadas em rede. Também para o cumprimento do objetivo proposto, realizamos uma análise sincrônica de dados a partir de um corpus escrito sincrônico atual, cujas sincronias representam os anos de 2008, 2011, 2014 e 2017. Para o tratamento dos dados, adotamos, do ponto de vista metodológico, o equacionamento entre a análise qualitativa dos dados e o cálculo da frequência de uso (CUNHA LACERDA, 2016). Como resultado mais proeminente, a análise realizada aponta que as construções identificadas, cuja forma mais genérica é [verbo imperativo + bem], apresentam diferentes funções, entre as quais se destacam a chamada de atenção do interlocutor pelo locutor e a focalização de um elemento da sequência discursiva. Palavras-chave: Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso. Construcionalização gramatical. Focalização. Marcadores discursivos focalizadores. Marcadores discursivos com “bem”.
Factors influencing nurses' engagement with CPD activities: a systematic review
Authors: Walter Juliette K , Terry Louise M 
Published: January 2021

Background: Continuing professional development (CPD) is necessary for nurse registration and development. Understanding the factors influencing engagement may enhance CPD uptake. Review question: What factors influence hospital-based nurses' engagement with CPD activities in the UK? Design: This was a systematic review incorporating narrative synthesis. Database searches for published and grey literature from January 1995 to November 2018 were conducted via EBSCO Discovery Service, the British Nursing Index and the British Library. Review methods: An approved systematic review protocol was followed with studies then assessed against strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included studies were critically appraised, data extracted and a narrative synthesis conducted. Findings: Five studies were reviewed. Four themes emerged: nurses' individual resources, their professional motivation, organisational commitment to learning and development, and managerial support. Conclusion: Factors influencing nurses' engagement with activities are multifaceted and inter-woven. A question-based checklist to facilitate discussions between nurses and educators, managers or appraisers is presented.
The role of partner influence in contraceptive adoption, discontinuation, and switching in a nationally representative cohort of Ugandan women
Authors: Sarnak Dana O. , Wood Shannon N. , Zimmerman Linnea A. , Karp Celia , Makumbi Fredrick , Kibira Simon P. S. , Moreau Caroline 
Published: January 2021

Background
Understanding contraceptive use dynamics is critical to addressing unmet need for contraception. Despite evidence that male partners may influence contraceptive decision-making, few studies have prospectively examined the supportive ways that men influence women’s contraceptive use and continuation.

Objective
This study sought to understand the predictive effect of partner influence, defined as partner’s fertility intentions and support for contraception, and discussions about avoiding pregnancy prior to contraceptive use, on contraceptive use dynamics (continuation, discontinuation, switching, adoption) over a one-year period.

Methods
This study uses nationally representative longitudinal data of Ugandan women aged 15–49 collected in 2018–2019 (n = 4,288 women baseline; n = 2,755 women one-year follow-up). Two analytic sub-samples of women in union and in need of contraception at baseline were used (n = 618 contraceptive users at baseline for discontinuation/switching analysis; n = 687 contraceptive non-users at baseline for adoption analysis). Primary dependent variables encompassed contraceptive use dynamics (continuation, discontinuation, switching, and adoption); three independent variables assessed partner influence. For each sub-sample, bivariate associations explored differences in sociodemographic and partner influences by contraceptive dynamics. Multinomial regression models were used to examine discontinuation and switching for contraceptive users at baseline; logistic regression identified predictors of contraceptive adoption among non-users at baseline.

Results
Among users at baseline, 26.3% of women switched methods and 31.5% discontinued contraceptive use by follow-up. Multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for women’s characteristics, indicated the relative risk of contraceptive discontinuation doubled when women did not discuss pregnancy avoidance with their partner prior to contraceptive use. Partner influence was not related to method switching. Among non-users at baseline, partner support for future contraceptive use was associated with nearly three-fold increased odds of contraceptive adoption.

Significance
These results highlight the potentially supportive role of male partners in contraceptive adoption. Future research is encouraged to elucidate the complex pathways between couple-based decision-making and contraceptive dynamics through further prospective studies.
Undernutrition and its determinants among adolescent girls in low land area of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Handiso Yoseph Halala , Belachew Tefera , Abuye Cherinet , Workicho Abdulhalik , Baye Kaleab 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundUndernutrition is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among adolescent girls worldwide, especially in South-East Asia and Africa. Even though adolescence is a window of opportunity to break the intergenerational cycle of undernutrition, adolescent girls are a neglected group. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status and associated factors among adolescent girls in the Wolaita and Hadiya zones of Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted, and a multistage random sampling method was used to select a sample of843adolescent girls. Anthropometric measurements were collected from all participants and entered in the WHO Anthro plus software for Z-score analysis. The data was analyzed using EPI-data 4.4.2 and SPSS version 21.0. The odds ratios for logistic regression along with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were generated. A P-value < 0.05 was declared as the level of statistical significance.ResultThinness (27.5%) and stunting (8.8%) are found to be public health problems in the study area. Age [AOR(adjusted odds ratio) (95% CI) = 2.91 (2.03–4.173)], large family size [AOR (95% CI) = 1.63(1.105–2.396)], low monthly income [AOR (95% CI) = 2.54(1.66–3.87)], not taking deworming tablets [AOR (95% CI) = 1.56(1.11–21)], low educational status of the father [AOR (95% CI) = 2.45(1.02–5.86)], the source of food for the family only from market [AOR (95% CI) = 5.14(2.1–12.8)], not visited by health extension workers [AOR (95% CI) = 1.72(1.7–2.4)], and not washing hand with soap before eating and after using the toilet [AOR (95% CI) = 2.25(1.079–4.675)] were positively associated with poor nutritional status of adolescent girls in the Wolaita and Hadiya zones, Southern Ethiopia.ConclusionThinness and stunting were found to be high in the study area. Age, family size, monthly household income, regularly skipping meals, fathers’ educational status, visits by health extension workers, and nutrition services decision-making are the main predictors of thinness. Hand washing practice, visits by health extension workers, and nutrition services decision-making are the main predictors of stunting among adolescent girls. Multisectoral community-based, adolescent health and nutrition programs should be implemented.