bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes self-care practice and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients in public hospitals of Tigray regional state, Ethiopia: A multicenter study
Authors: Molalign Takele Goitom , Weharei Medina Abdulkadir , Kidanu Hiyab T/Michael , Gebrekidan Kahsu Gebrekirstos , Gebregiorgis Birhan Gebresillassie 
Published: April 2021

Background
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing steadily at an alarming rate. Ethiopia is placed fourth among the top five countries of the African region members of the international diabetes federation. This study aimed to determine the level of diabetes self-care practice and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending public hospitals of the Tigray region.

Methods
An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in six selected hospitals of Tigray region from January to February 2020. Study participants were recruited using a systematic random sampling method. Diabetes self-care practice was assessed using Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) assessment tool. The data were collected by trained nurses via face-to-face interview. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with self-care practices. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.

Results
A total of 570 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. The mean (SD) age of the participant was 46 (±14.6) years. Less than half (46.7%) of the participants had good diabetes self-care practices. Surprisingly, only 68 (11.9%) of the participants had access to a personal glucometer. Urban residency (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.20–2.94), age group 48–63 years (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.19–3.98), not having a formal education (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.32–5.25), having family support (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.24–2.85), and having a personal glucometer at home (AOR = 6.1, 95% CI = 2.83–13.0) were the factors associated with good diabetes self-care practices.

Conclusion
The diabetes self-care practice in the region was found to be poor. Where factors like, being an urban resident, age group between 49–63 years, not having a formal education, and having a personal glucometer at home were associated with good self-care practices. Health care providers might have to consider actions to act on the identified factors and improve the level of self-care practices of the patients.
Acute-Onset Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis and Ascites Secondary to Occult Toxocariasis
Authors: Elton Andrew , Megna Bryant , Boothby Aaron , Vaughn Byron 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare entity, and although usually idiopathic, it may arise from gastrointestinal infections. We report a case of a 33-year-old woman from Vietnam presenting with acute abdominal pain, new-onset eosinophilic ascites, peripheral eosinophilia, and a positive Toxocara antibody. The patient had no recent international travel, known animal host contact, or other toxocariasis risk factors. She was treated with ivermectin and mebendazole with complete resolution of symptoms. This case emphasizes the consideration of a broad differential for eosinophilic ascites, including atypical presentations of infectious pathogens.
Termite Testing Methods: A Global Review
Authors: Hassan Babar , Morrell Jeffrey J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The protection of wood against termites is a major global problem, especially in the tropics and subtropics, and has been the subject of considerable research to understand termite biology and to develop effective mitigation methods. Field trials are useful for this purpose, but they often lack the degree of control and reproducibility needed. As a result, many researchers use laboratory methods when evaluating new wood preservatives or the suitability of timber for specific uses. These methods have developed over many years and in many regions with differing termite species and risks. Some methods differ only slightly from one another, but others use dramatically different approaches based upon the behavior and biology of a given termite species. The range of methods can make it difficult to make comparisons in terms of termite behavior, timber species preferences, or treatment efficacy. This review assembles the methods used for evaluating termite attack, explaining the underlying termite biology connected with each method, and identifying commonalities that might facilitate comparisons between various data sets, or potentially standardizing the standards. Understanding the essential characteristics of test methodologies can help identify the most appropriate methods for assessing the effectiveness of a given treatment, but it may also help compare results from different approaches, thereby avoiding redundant tests.
Mechanisms of Network Interactions for Flexible Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Mediated Action Control
Authors: Fischer Petra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn humans, finely tuned γ synchronization (60–90 Hz) rapidly appears at movement onset in a motor control network involving primary motor cortex, the basal ganglia and motor thalamus. Yet the functional consequences of brief movement-related synchronization are still unclear. Distinct synchronization phenomena have also been linked to different forms of motor inhibition, including relaxing antagonist muscles, rapid movement interruption and stabilizing network dynamics for sustained contractions. Here, I will introduce detailed hypotheses about how intrasite and intersite synchronization could interact with firing rate changes in different parts of the network to enable flexible action control. The here proposed cause-and-effect relationships shine a spotlight on potential key mechanisms of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) communication. Confirming or revising these hypotheses will be critical in understanding the neuronal basis of flexible movement initiation, invigoration and inhibition. Ultimately, the study of more complex cognitive phenomena will also become more tractable once we understand the neuronal mechanisms underlying behavioral readouts.
Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Children With Severe COVID-19
Authors: Goldman David L. , Aldrich Margaret L. , Hagmann Stefan H.F. , Bamford Alasdair , Camacho-Gonzalez Andres , Lapadula Giuseppe , Lee Philip , Bonfanti Paolo , Carter Christoph C. , Zhao Yang , Telep Laura , Pikora Cheryl , Naik Sarjita , Marshall Neal , Katsarolis Ioannis , Das Moupali , DeZure Adam , Desai Polly , Cao Huyen , Chokkalingam Anand P. , Osinusi Anu , Brainard Diana M. , Méndez-Echevarría Ana 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Remdesivir shortens time to recovery in adults with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but its efficacy and safety in children are unknown. We describe outcomes in children with severe COVID-19 treated with remdesivir.

METHODS:
Seventy-seven hospitalized patients &lt;18 years old with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection received remdesivir through a compassionate-use program between March 21 and April 22, 2020. The intended remdesivir treatment course was 10 days (200 mg on day 1 and 100 mg daily subsequently for children ≥40 kg and 5 mg/kg on day 1 and 2.5 mg/kg daily subsequently for children &lt;40 kg, given intravenously). Clinical data through 28 days of follow-up were collected.

RESULTS:
Median age was 14 years (interquartile range 7–16, range &lt;2 months to 17 years). Seventy-nine percent of patients had ≥1 comorbid condition. At baseline, 90% of children required supplemental oxygen and 51% required invasive ventilation. By day 28 of follow-up, 88% of patients had a decreased oxygen-support requirement, 83% recovered, and 73% were discharged. Among children requiring invasive ventilation at baseline, 90% were extubated, 80% recovered, and 67% were discharged. There were 4 deaths, of which 3 were attributed to COVID-19. Remdesivir was well tolerated, with a low incidence of serious adverse events (16%). Most adverse events were related to COVID-19 or comorbid conditions. Laboratory abnormalities, including elevations in transaminase levels, were common; 61% were grades 1 or 2.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among 77 children treated with remdesivir for severe COVID-19, most recovered and the rate of serious adverse events was low.
An investigation into the surface termination and near-surface bulk doping of oxygen-terminated diamond with lithium at various annealing temperatures
Authors: Ullah Sami , Cullingford Liam , Zhang Tongfei , Wong Jing Ren , Wan Gary , Cattelan Mattia , Fox Neil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An alternative method of doping and surface functionalization of diamond using a chemical route was explored. The interaction of Li with the surface and bulk of oxygen-terminated diamond was investigated using Angle-Resolved X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARXPS). A stable LiO2 termination of diamond (100) surface and doping of near-surface diamond bulk was achieved up to an annealing temperature of 850 °C. The changes in interaction between the species involved (C, O, Li) and their stoichiometric ratios at the surface were investigated as a function of annealing temperature. This was done using ARXPS peak analysis.

Graphic abstract
"River Run" (Nancy Maker Brown Song) Revisioned and Reimagined
Authors: Slaughter Kei 
Published: April 2021

Video Description (on YouTube):
"River Run." Revisioned and Reimagined. 2021.
Words, music, arrangement by kei slaughter.

Originally written in 2019 while participating in the Acoustic Guitar Project - where artists are given one guitar, for one week, to write one song. This intimate performance is a reimagined and revisioned version, weaving deconstructed elements of the original work, with improvised vocalizations, body percussion, and flute loops, and live vocal and flute performance. "River Run" is dedicated to my maternal great great great great grandmother, Nancy Maker Brown.
For me, this (re)mix is an exploration and expression of Black aesthetics - imagining and conjuring new sound worlds through my queer, gender expansive Black body while engaging with ancestral memory. The stripped back elements of breath, tone, and voice, were intentionally used to ground me in my musical-cultural origins, back to a kind of roots music. Thus, embodying the West African concept of Sankofa, as I look back to the past, I also look ahead towards futurity, reflected through the use of live looping, layering, and circular storytelling. Closed captions available.
Exploring the Complexity of Death-Censored Kidney Allograft Failure
Authors: Mayrdorfer Manuel , Liefeldt Lutz , Wu Kaiyin , Rudolph Birgit , Zhang Qiang , Friedersdorff Frank , Lachmann Nils , Schmidt Danilo , Osmanodja Bilgin , Naik Marcel G. , Duettmann Wiebke , Halleck Fabian , Merkel Marina , Schrezenmeier Eva , Waiser Johannes , Duerr Michael , Budde Klemens 
Published: April 2021

Significance Statement
Stagnating long-term outcomes are a persistent obstacle for the transplant community, but surprisingly, large contemporary studies investigating the causes of graft failure are rare. However, it is obvious that a thorough analysis of graft failures is the first step to improve outcomes. A study that is on the basis of a database designed and implemented for kidney transplant recipients over 20 years ago and an active effort to keep allograft recipients in the post-transplant care program reveals previously overlooked information that leads to insights into the complexity of allograft failure. These include the effect of T cell–mediated rejection, the role of antibody-mediated rejection in late graft failure, and the influence of recipient age on the causes of graft failure.

Background
Few studies have thoroughly investigated the causes of kidney graft loss (GL), despite its importance.

Methods
A novel approach assigns each persistent and relevant decline in renal function over the lifetime of a renal allograft to a standardized category, hypothesizing that singular or multiple events finally lead to GL. An adjudication committee of three physicians retrospectively evaluated indication biopsies, laboratory testing, and medical history of all 303 GLs among all 1642 recipients of transplants between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2017 at a large university hospital to assign primary and/or secondary causes of GL.

Results
In 51.2% of the patients, more than one cause contributed to GL. The most frequent primary or secondary causes leading to graft failure were intercurrent medical events in 36.3% of graft failures followed by T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) in 34% and antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in 30.7%. In 77.9%, a primary cause could be attributed to GL, of which ABMR was most frequent (21.5%). Many causes for GL were identified, and predominant causes for GL varied over time.

Conclusions
GL is often multifactorial and more complex than previously thought.
CANADIAN LINKS WITH BRITISH MILITARY GEOLOGY 1814 TO 1945
Authors: ROSE EDWARD P. F. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Military applications of geology became apparent within the United Kingdom during the nineteenth century, and were developed during the First World War and more extensively during the Second, incidentally by some officers with links to Canada. In the nineteenth century, three Royal Engineer major-generals with geological interests had served there briefly: Joseph Ellison Portlock (1794–1864) helped to stem invasion of Upper Canada by the United States Army in 1814, pioneer geological survey in Ireland from 1826, and promote knowledge of geology amongst British Army officers; Frederick Henry Baddeley (1794–1879) helped to pioneer geological studies in south-east Canada in the 1820s; Richard John Nelson (1803–1877) served in Canada after mapping the geology of Jersey in 1828 and making geological observations in Bermuda. During the First World War, Tannatt William Edgeworth David (1858–1934), a Welsh-born Australian and from 1916 to 1918 the senior of two geologists serving with the British Army on the Western Front, had a Canadian military family link through his mother; and Reginald Walter Brock (1874–1935), Dean of Applied Science at the University of British Columbia and a distinguished Canadian geologist, interrupted his career for infantry service in Europe but was used as a geologist from mid-1918, in Palestine. During the Second World War, the British military geologist Frederick William Shotton (1906–1990) provided geological advice to, amongst other units, Canadian forces who generated thematic maps for parts of northern France that predicted ‘going’ (conditions affecting cross-country vehicle mobility) to follow the D-Day Allied landings in Normandy. In 1943, Thomas Crawford Phemister (1902–1982), Professor and Head of the Department of Geology and Mineralogy at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland but from 1926 to 1932 an associate professor at the University of British Columbia, as an ‘emergency’ Royal Engineers captain founded the Geological Section of the Inter-Service Topographical Department, a unit whose reports and thematic maps provided terrain intelligence for Allied forces in both Europe and the Far East from a base in England, within the University of Oxford. John Leonard Farrington (1906–1982), an undergraduate student from 1923 to 1928 of Brock and/or Phemister at the University of British Columbia, co-founded the Section and soon succeeded Phemister as its head, from 1944 to 1945 in the rank of major. Soon after 1945, military geologists became established in continuity within the British Army.
A CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY: IS MARY ANNING (1799–1847) ACTUALLY WILLIAM BUCKLAND (1784–1856)?
Authors: SHARPE TOM 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
It is proposed that a well-known and much-reproduced watercolour long held to show the Lyme Regis fossil dealer Mary Anning (1799–1847) in the field is most likely to be a sketch of Oxford geologist William Buckland (1784–1856). The artist, commonly said to be Anning’s friend Henry Thomas De la Beche (1796–1855), can be shown to be geologist and surveyor Thomas Sopwith (1803–1879). The location of the sketch is identified as the mountains of North Wales and not the Lyme Regis foreshore. The drawing dates from October 1841 when Buckland and Sopwith were on a tour of North Wales in search of glacial landforms.
Epidemiological Features and Prognosis of Retinoblastoma in Fars southern Iran, 2010-2018
Authors: Sherafat Maryam , Salehi Alireza , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein , Eghtedari Masoomeh , Owji Naser 
Published: April 2021

Background: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological features and survival rates of patients with RB in southwestern Iran.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients with RB referred to the only referral center of southwestern Iran from 2010 to 2018. Demographic characteristics at first symptom presentation, the time interval between the symptom presenting and the treatment, educational level, socioeconomic status, type of ocular symptoms, extra-ocular involvement, types of treatments, outcomes and follow-up, the treatment interval until death and the survival rate of the patient, and pathology reports were recorded and analyzed.
Results: This study included 46 new patients with RB (25 boys and 21 girls) including 65.2% unilateral, 26.1% bilateral, and 8.7% trilateral involvements. The mean age at first symptom presentation was 18.98±16.16 months. The mean delay time was 2.48 (Interquartile range: 5.16) for boys and 3.02 (Interquartile range: 5.37) for girls (P = 0.265); death rate was significantly different for boys and girls (12.0 % versus 430%; P = 0.039). E-nucleation was done in 95.3% of cases. In 29% of patients the tumor was well-differentiated, and about 64.5% of the cases were pathologically graded at pathological tumor stages 3 or 4. At the time of the study, 54.3% of the patients were alive. The mean survival time was 44.0 months.
Conclusion: Almost all cases were diagnosed in the advanced stages of the disease in Southwestern Iran. The disease is not preventable but early diagnosis improves the prognosis so we recommend that an eye examination at birth and designing and implementing prevention programs through parenting and child care personnel be performed in order to pay attention to early symptoms of the condition and in the absence of symptoms, screening should be done every six months.
An Integrated Methodology to Maximize Production Through a Holistic Structured Framework Construction for ESP Outages
Authors: Khalaf Ahmed , Alquwizani Saud , Flippin Cleavant , Almatrodi Abdulmalek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Many considerations are taken into account to ensure production targets are met for fields lifted by Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP). ESP outages are indeed one of the major operational disturbances that significantly impact production strategies. Hence, a holistic structured framework for ESP outages has to be constructed to prevent or curtail ESP outages by capturing each of the planned and unplanned shutdowns effortlessly, comprehensively and effectively. It should, in fact, consider all parameters and relevant data that aid to better understand such outages; this would include root cause analysis, affected systems, and the production impact. It should also capture all required statistics while generating needed illustrative visuals for advanced analytics to identify the overall impact of ESP outages in a particular oil field. The outcome of the framework should be presented in the form of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to assess the ESP performance.
Using the ESP outages framework will ensure capturing all related data and result in fruitful output using advanced statistical tools. This will clearly highlight both deficiencies and improvements for each area related to the operator companies or the service providers. Then, efforts will be made to assign timely corrective actions for fields that lag in performance while exerting efforts to improve underperforming service providers.
This framework introduces a continuous tracking mechanism of ESP performance associated to outages through comprehensive KPIs. It has the ability to highlight the bad actors within the operator companies or the service providers and logical recommendations to address them. As a result, the number of outages (trips) and restoration time will be minimized which will lead to reducing the impact of revenue loss caused by the ESP production disruptions.
In this structure, novel KPIs specifically focusing on ESP outages will be described in detail. Also, an integrated prototype of the ESP outages framework will be presented to demonstarte its effectiveness without further complicating other related process workflows.
Magnetic COFs as Satisfied Support for Lipase Immobilization and Recovery to Effectively Achieve the Production of Biodiesel by Great Maintenance of Enzyme Activity
Authors: Zhou Zi-Wen , Cai Chun-Xian , Xing Xiu , Li Jun , Hu Zu-E , Xie Zong-Bo , Wang Na , Yu Xiao-Qi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Production of biodiesel from renewable sources such as inedible vegetable oils by enzymatic catalysis has been a hotspot but remains a challenge on the efficient use of an enzyme. COFs (Covalent Organic Frameworks) with large surface area and porosity can be applied as ideal support to avoid aggregation of lipase and methanol. However, the naturally low density limits its application. In this work, we reported a facile synthesis of core-shell magnetic COF composite (Fe3O4@COF-OMe) to immobilize RML (Rhizomucor miehei lipase), to achieve its utilization in biodiesel production.Result: This strategy gives extrinsic magnetic property, and the magnetic COFs is much heavier and could disperse in water medium well, facilitating the attachment with the enzyme. The resultant biocomposite exhibited an excellent capacity of RML due to its high surface area and fast response to the external magnetic field, as well as good chemical stability. The core-shell magnetic COF-OMe structure not only achieved highly efficient immobilization and recovery processes but also maintained the activity of lipase to a great extent. RML@Fe3O4@COF-OMe performed well in practical applications, while free lipase did not. The biocomposite successfully achieved the production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas Oil with a yield of about 70% in the optimized conditions. Conclusion: Magnetic COFs (Fe3O4@COF-OMe) for RML immobilization greatly improved catalytic performance in template reaction and biodiesel preparation. The magneticity makes it easily recovered and separated from the system. This first successful attempt of COFs-based immobilized enzyme broadened the prospect of biodiesel production by COFs with some inspiration.