bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional matters: On the usefulness of regional land‐cover datasets in times of global change
Authors: Tulbure Mirela G. , Hostert Patrick , Kuemmerle Tobias , Broich Mark 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnprecedented amounts of analysis‐ready Earth Observation (EO) data, combined with increasing computational power and new algorithms, offer novel opportunities for analysing ecosystem dynamics across large geographic extents, and to support conservation planning and action. Much research effort has gone into developing global EO‐based land‐cover and land‐use datasets, including tree cover, crop types, and surface water dynamics. Yet there are inherent trade‐offs between regional and global EO products pertaining to class legends, availability of training/validation data, and accuracy. Acknowledging and understanding these trade‐offs is paramount for both developing EO products and for answering science questions relevant for ecology or conservation studies based on these data. Here we provide context on the development of global EO‐based land‐cover and land‐use datasets, and outline advantages and disadvantages of both regional and global datasets. We argue that both types of EO‐derived land‐cover datasets can be preferable, with regional data providing the context‐specificity that is often required for policy making and implementation (e.g., land‐use and management, conservation planning, payment schemes for ecosystem services), making use of regional knowledge, particularly important when moving from land cover to actors. Ensuring that global and regional land‐cover and land‐use products derived based on EO data are compatible and nested, both in terms of class legends and accuracy assessment, should be a key consideration when developing such data. Open access high‐quality training and validation data derived as part of such efforts are of utmost importance. Likewise, global efforts to generate sets of essential variables for climate change, biodiversity, or eventually land use, which often require land‐cover maps as inputs, should consider regionalized, hierarchical approaches to not sacrifice regional context. Global change impacts manifest in regions, and so must the policy and planning responses to these challenges. EO data should embrace that regions matter, perhaps more than ever, in an age of global data availability and processing.
Optimization algorithm of digital media sharing platform based on blockchain technology
Authors: Wang Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn today's big data era, the number of daily data visits on the platform is an incalculable number, which poses a challenge for users' data security. This article aims to study the decentralized blockchain technology, take advantage of the immutable advantages of the blockchain and integrate it into the digital media sharing platform, so as to achieve the optimization and improvement of the algorithm. This paper proposes an algorithm optimization plan for building a digital media sharing platform, adding a user data security backstage on the platform side, combining blockchain technology to design data security maintenance algorithms, and setting relevant parameters to maximize the immutability of data and ensure user data security. The experimental results of this article show that blockchain technology can be fully applied to digital media sharing platforms, and data security can be increased to more than 90%.
Intelligent control of electric automation instrumentation based on blockchain
Authors: Hao Yunhui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the development of society and the continuous improvement of residents' living standards, residents have higher and higher requirements for the technical level of power system. This paper mainly studies how to apply intelligent technology to the research of instrument electrical control. Nowadays, the traditional electrical instruments cannot meet the needs of the public, so the research on intelligent instruments is the most important problem at present. This article uses the RSA public key encryption algorithm based on the public blockchain. In the experimental results of this article, big data shows that from 2016 to mid‐2017, there were 50 merchants using non‐smart technologies in electrified dashboards in 2016. There are 40 merchants using smart technology in electrified dashboards, which is lower than the number of non‐smart control technologies. However, in 2017, the number of merchants using non‐intelligent control was 35, and by November 2017, it was 120, a decrease of 5% from 2016. The number of merchants using smart technology in electrified dashboards is increasing every month, from 45 in January 2016 to 285 in November 2017, an increase of 13% in the same year. This shows that intelligent control is more and more widely used in electrical automation instrument panels. Therefore, the research of a more intelligent control system of electrical automation instruments is a problem that has attracted much attention today.
The effect of iron oxide content on the structural and optical parameters of polyvinyl alcohol/graphene nanocomposite films
Authors: Badawi Ali , Alharthi Sami S. , Althobaiti Mohammed G. , Alharbi Abdulaziz N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) content on the structural and optical parameters of polyvinyl alcohol/graphene (PVA/G) blend has been investigated. Fe2O3 NPs were synthesized by the hydrothermal procedure. Nanocomposite (NC) films of PVA/G filled with different amounts of Fe2O3 NPs were equipped using the solution casting technique. The surface morphology, structural, and optical properties were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet‐visible‐near‐IR (UV‐Vis‐NIR) spectrophotometry techniques, respectively. SEM micrographs reveal the homogenous distribution of Fe2O3 NPs in the PVA/G matrix. The XRD analysis exhibits the formulation of the hematite phase of Fe2O3 NPs and the semi‐crystalline nature of PVA/G NC films. The UV‐Vis‐NIR data analysis shows that the optical properties of the PVA/G blend could be tailored via Fe2O3 NPs filling. Wemple–DiDomenico model is utilized to explore the dispersion parameters of the prepared NCs. A significant effect of Fe2O3 NPs filling is realized on the oscillator and dispersion energies, infinite refractive index, dielectric constant, average oscillator strength and the lattice dielectric constant of the NC films. PVA/G filled Fe2O3 NPs are suggested for different optical and storage applications.
Dyspnoea and large‐volume pleural effusion secondary to a cyst involving the cranial mediastinum in a cat
Authors: Cridge Harry , Zoto Alyssa , Gazzola Krista M. , Goldin Kerry , Corner Sarah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 7‐year‐old female spayed domestic shorthair cat presented for dyspnoea and haemoptysis. Point‐of‐care ultrasound revealed pleural effusion. Fluid analysis noted proteinaceous fluid rich in small lymphocytes. A mediastinal mass was present on radiographs. CT revealed a fluid attenuating structure within the left thyroid gland. Right‐sided thyroid tissue was not identified. A fluid attenuating structure with associated amorphous soft tissue was present within the mediastinum. Aspirates were consistent with cystic fluid. A surgical cystectomy was performed. Histopathology of the left thyroid structure revealed a cystic thyroid follicular adenoma. The cystic structure involving the cranial mediastinum was suspected to represent an ectopic parathyroid cyst. Alternative differentials such as a branchial remnant could not be ruled out. Immunohistochemistry of the ectopic endocrine tissue associated with the cyst was negative for thyroglobulin and calcitonin. Parathyroid hormone immunohistochemistry was unavailable for confirmation. Post‐operative hypothyroidism and hypocalcemia were medically managed. Surgical cystectomy resulted in the resolution of pleural effusion.
Highly diverged lineages of Saccharomyces paradoxus in temperate to subtropical climate zones in China
Authors: He Peng‐Yu , Shao Xu‐Qian , Duan Shou‐Fu , Han Da‐Yong , Li Kuan , Shi Jun‐Yan , Zhang Ri‐Peng , Han Pei‐Jie , Wang Qi‐Ming , Bai Feng‐Yan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe wild yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus has become a new model in ecology and evolutionary biology. Different lineages of S. paradoxus have been recognized across the world, but the distribution and genetic diversity of the species remain unknown in China, where the origin of its sibling species S. cerevisiae lies. In this study, we investigated the ecological and geographic distribution of S. paradoxus through an extensive field survey in China and performed population genomic analysis on a set of S. paradoxus strains, including 27 strains, representing different geographic and ecological origins within China, and 59 strains representing all the known lineages of the species recognized in the other regions of the world so far. We found two distinct lineages of S. paradoxus in China. The majority of the Chinese strains studied belong to the Far East lineage, and six strains belong to a novel highly diverged lineage. The distribution of these two lineages overlaps ecologically and geographically in temperate to subtropical climate zones in China. With the addition of the new China lineage, the Eurasian population of S. paradoxus exhibits higher genetic diversity than the American population. We observed more possible lineage‐specific introgression events from the Eurasian lineages than from the American lineages. Our results expand the knowledge on ecology, genetic diversity, biogeography, and evolution of S. paradoxus.
Volume and macroscopic scalar curvature
Authors: Braun Sabine , Sauer Roman 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe prove the macroscopic cousins of three conjectures: (1) a conjectural bound of the simplicial volume of a Riemannian manifold in the presence of a lower scalar curvature bound, (2) the conjecture that rationally essential manifolds do not admit metrics of positive scalar curvature, (3) a conjectural bound of$$\ell ^2$$ℓ2-Betti numbers of aspherical Riemannian manifolds in the presence of a lower scalar curvature bound. The macroscopic cousin is the statement one obtains by replacing a lower scalar curvature bound by an upper bound on the volumes of 1-balls in the universal cover.
Experiences with alternative online lectures in medical education in obstetrics and gynecology during the COVID-19 pandemic—possible efficient and student-orientated models for the future?
Authors: Riedel Maximilian , Eisenkolb Gabriel , Amann Niklas , Karge Anne , Meyer Bastian , Tensil Maria , Recker Florian , Dobberkau Anna Maria , Riedel Fabian , Kuschel Bettina , Klein Evelyn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic posed an eminent challenge for medical teachers worldwide. Face-to-face lectures and seminars were no longer possible, and alternatives had to be found. E-learning concepts quickly emerged as the only practicable solutions and also offered the opportunity to evaluate whether traditional face-to-face lectures could be translated into an online format, independent of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We offered an e-learning program consisting of lecture notes, screencasts with audio narration, and online webinars that covered topics normally taught in traditional lectures and seminars. To evaluate the learning behavior and quality of our e-learning program, we drafted a questionnaire that students completed at the end of the 2020 summer semester that had been designed to enable a comparative analysis of the different e-learning modules.

Results
Voluntary participation in the online courses was high. Survey analysis revealed high satisfaction with and a distinctive preference for the format, even under regular, COVID-19-independent conditions. In general, a positive appraisal of e-learning—especially as a substitute for regular lectures—was found. Students also reported higher studying efficiency. Exam results were equal to those of previous semesters.

Conclusion
Both acceptance of and satisfaction with our e-learning modules were high, and students displayed increased demand for this kind of e-learning format. We, therefore, conclude that e-learning offerings could serve as reasonable, efficient, student-orientated substitutes for certain medical courses, especially lectures. These curricular adaptations would correlate with the high digitalization seen in students’ everyday lives. This correlation may also hold true independent of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the proximal tibial epiphysis is suitable for statements as to the question of majority: a validation study in forensic age diagnostics
Authors: Wittschieber Daniel , Chitavishvili Natia , Papageorgiou Ismini , Malich Ansgar , Mall Gita , Mentzel Hans-Joachim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDetermining majority plays a key role for forensic age diagnostics in living individuals. Recent data suggest that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the proximal tibial epiphysis (PTE) may be a suitable alternative or at least an additional tool to clarify whether an individual has reached majority. However, the reference data situation is still sparse. Hence, the present dual center study retrospectively analyzed routine MRI of the knee in 413 cases (214 males and 199 females) of a Western Caucasian population aged between 12 and 25 years. MRI was performed at 1.5 and 3.0 T clinical scanners using T1- and T2-weighted sequences. The classification system by Vieth et al. (Eur Radiol 2018; 28:3255–3262) was applied for determining the ossification stages of the PTE. Intra-observer agreement was “very good” (κ = 0.931), and inter-observer agreement was “good” (κ = 0.798). Minimum ages above the age of 18 years were observed with the final stage (stage 6) in either sex (20.27 years in males and 18.55 years in females). The results are not in contradiction with the previous data and can be considered a strong and valuable support of the so far existing database. Therefore, the investigation of the PTE using routine MRI (either at 1.5 or 3.0 T) could be taken into consideration for application in forensic age estimation practice in near future.
Role of social benefits for future long-term sickness absence, disability pension and unemployment among individuals on sickness absence due to mental diagnoses: a competing risk approach
Authors: Ropponen Annina , Narusyte Jurgita , Wang Mo , Kärkkäinen Sanna , Mather Lisa , Blom Victoria , Bergström Gunnar , Svedberg Pia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate associations between social benefits and disability pension (DP), long-term sickness absence (LTSA, ≥ 90 days), or unemployment among Swedish twins with sickness absence (SA) due to mental diagnoses.

Methods
This population-based prospective twin study included register data on first incident SA spell (< 90 days) due to mental diagnoses (ICD 10 codes F00-F99) during the follow-up 2005–2016. SA < 90 days due to other diagnoses than mental diagnoses or any other social insurance benefit was identified for the preceding year of the first incident SA spell due to mental diagnoses (coded yes/no). Comparing those with any previous social benefits vs without, cumulative incidence curve to compare time to an event, and Cox proportional hazards models for cause-specific hazard ratios (HR, 95% confidence intervals, CI) treating first incident DP, LTSA and unemployment as competing risks were modeled.

Results
During follow-up, 21 DP, 1619 LTSA, and 808 unemployment events took place. Compared to those without, those with at least one benefit had a higher risk for DP (HR 5.03; 95%CI 1.80, 14.01), LTSA (1.67; 1.50, 1.84) and unemployment (1.24; 1.03, 1.50). The cumulative incidence for DP was very low, < 1%, for LTSA 80% with any previous social benefits vs. 60% without, and for unemployment ≤ 5%.

Conclusion
Social benefits received during the preceding year of SA due to mental diagnoses (< 90 days) predict DP, LTSA, and unemployment. Hence, previous social benefits may provide means for early identification of persons at risk for exit from labor market.
Molecular diffusion in ternary poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions
Authors: Majerczak Katarzyna , Squillace Ophelie , Shi Zhiwei , Zhang Zhanping , Zhang Zhenyu J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe diffusion kinetics of a molecular probe—rhodamine B—in ternary aqueous solutions containing poly(vinyl alcohol), glycerol, and surfactants was investigated using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. We show that the diffusion characteristics of rhodamine B in such complex systems is determined by a synergistic effect of molecular crowding and intermolecular interactions between chemical species. The presence of glycerol has no noticeable impact on rhodamine B diffusion at low concentration, but significantly slows down the diffusion of rhodamine B above 3.9% (w/v) due to a dominating steric inhibition effect. Furthermore, introducing surfactants (cationic/nonionic/anionic) to the system results in a decreased diffusion coefficient of the molecular probe. In solutions containing nonionic surfactant, this can be explained by an increased crowding effect. For ternary poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions containing cationic or anionic surfactant, surfactant—polymer and surfactant—rhodamine B interactions alongside the crowding effect of the molecules slow down the overall diffusivity of rhodamine B. The results advance our insight of molecular migration in a broad range of industrial complex formulations that incorporate multiple compounds, and highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate additives and surfactants in formulated products.
Groundwater flow modeling in the basaltic hard rock area of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Pande Chaitanya B. , Moharir Kanak N. , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Elbeltagi Ahmed , Pham Quoc Bao , Panneerselvam Balamurugan , Varade Abhay M. , Kouadri Saber 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ecological sustainable development and planning of groundwater resources is an excessive challenge for many countries currently facing water insufficiency. The main focus of this work was to determine the direction of groundwater flow, head value, and water level using the steady-state finite difference model (MODFLOW software) in basaltic formations in Maharashtra, India. The MODFLOW model was integrated with ground data using Geographic Information System (GIS) for sustainable groundwater resource management in the hard rock terrain. The MODFLOW-2005 model simulated the interaction between heads and time in 2014–18 by steady-state conditions. In this present study, four observation wells were selected. During the field survey, four observation wells have been monitored regularly as per the Central Groundwater Board guidelines. MODFLOW software has been conceptualized as a double-layered rigid and fractured aquifer area feast over 18,312 m × 11,265 m area. This research demonstrates that the integration of GIS, conventional fieldwork, and mathematical model can support to understand groundwater demand and supply in a better way.
Using Twitter to track immigration sentiment during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rowe Francisco , Mahony Michael , Graells-Garrido Eduardo , Rango Marzia , Sievers Niklas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLarge-scale coordinated efforts have been dedicated to understanding the global health and economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the rapid spread of discrimination and xenophobia against specific populations has largely been neglected. Understanding public attitudes toward migration is essential to counter discrimination against immigrants and promote social cohesion. Traditional data sources to monitor public opinion are often limited, notably due to slow collection and release activities. New forms of data, particularly from social media, can help overcome these limitations. While some bias exists, social media data are produced at an unprecedented temporal frequency, geographical granularity, are collected globally and accessible in real-time. Drawing on a data set of 30.39 million tweets and natural language processing, this article aims to measure shifts in public sentiment opinion about migration during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Results show an increase of migration-related Tweets along with COVID-19 cases during national lockdowns in all five countries. Yet, we found no evidence of a significant increase in anti-immigration sentiment, as rises in the volume of negative messages are offset by comparable increases in positive messages. Additionally, we presented evidence of growing social polarization concerning migration, showing high concentrations of strongly positive and strongly negative sentiments.
Preoperative in-hospital mortality in neonates with critical CHD
Authors: Delany Dennis R. , Chowdhury Shahryar M. , Corrigan Corinne , Buckley Jason R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective:Data regarding preoperative mortality in neonates with critical CHD are sparse and would aid patient care and family counselling. The objective of this study was to utilise a multicentre administrative dataset to report the rate of and identify risk factors for preoperative in-hospital mortality in neonates with critical CHD across US centres.Study design:The Pediatric Health Information System database was utilised to search for newborns ≤30 days old, born 1 January 2009 to 30 June 2018, with an ICD-9/10 code for d-transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus, interrupted aortic arch, or hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Preoperative in-hospital mortality was defined as patients who died prior to discharge without an ICD code for cardiac surgery or interventional catheterisation.Results:Overall preoperative mortality rate was at least 5.4% (690/12,739) and varied across diagnoses (d-TGA 2.9%, TA 8.3%, IAA 5.5%, and HLHS 7.3%) and centres (0–20.5%). In multivariable analysis, risk factors associated with preoperative mortality included preterm delivery (<37 weeks) (OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.8–2.9; p < 0.01), low birth weight (<2.5 kg) (OR 3.8, 95% CI: 3.0–4.7; p < 0.01), and genetic abnormality (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.2; p < 0.01). Centre average surgical volume was not a significant risk factor.Conclusion:Approximately 1 in 20 neonates with critical CHD suffered preoperative in-hospital mortality, and rates varied across diagnoses and centres. Better understanding of the factors that drive the variation (e.g. patient factors, preoperative care models, surgical timing) could help identify patient care improvement opportunities and inform conversations with families.