bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of anger on intentionality bias
Authors: Subra Baptiste 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMore than a decade of research on emotions has demonstrated the role of affect in social judgments. Emotions influence the way individuals make inferences about others' behavior. Building on these previous findings, the present research investigates the effects of anger and sadness on the attribution of intentionality. In Experiment 1, angry, sad, or neutral participants read a series of sentences describing simple actions and had to indicate whether the actions were done intentionally or accidentally. Results showed that anger significantly predicted the proportion of intentional judgment when participants were asked to interpret ambiguous sentences. In Experiment 2, the effect of anger on intentionality was replicated. Angry participants endorsed more intentional explanations than neutral participants. This finding helps explain how anger increases the inclination to make hostile inferences.
Revealing Nanomechanical Domains and Their Transient Behavior in Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Films
Authors: Mela Ioanna , Poudel Chetan , Anaya Miguel , Delport Géraud , Frohna Kyle , Macpherson Stuart , Doherty Tiarnan A. S. , Scheeder Anna , Stranks Samuel D. , Kaminski Clemens F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHalide perovskites are a versatile class of semiconductors employed for high performance emerging optoelectronic devices, including flexoelectric systems, yet the influence of their ionic nature on their mechanical behavior is still to be understood. Here, a combination of atomic‐force, optical, and compositional X‐ray microscopy techniques is employed to shed light on the mechanical properties of halide perovskite films at the nanoscale. Mechanical domains within and between morphological grains, enclosed by mechanical boundaries of higher Young's Modulus (YM) than the bulk parent material, are revealed. These mechanical boundaries are associated with the presence of bromide‐rich clusters as visualized by nano‐X‐ray fluorescence mapping. Stiffer regions are specifically selectively modified upon light soaking the sample, resulting in an overall homogenization of the mechanical properties toward the bulk YM. This behavior is attributed to light‐induced ion migration processes that homogenize the local chemical distribution, which is accompanied by photobrightening of the photoluminescence within the same region. This work highlights critical links between mechanical, chemical, and optoelectronic characteristics in this family of perovskites, and demonstrates the potential of combinational imaging studies to understand and design halide perovskite films for emerging applications such as photoflexoelectricity.
Vertical 3D Printed Forest‐Inspired Hierarchical Plasmonic Superstructure for Photocatalysis
Authors: Guo Wei , Liu Yuanlan , Sun Yinghui , Wang Yawen , Qin Wei , Zhao Bo , Liang Zhiqiang , Jiang Lin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEfficient light‐harvesting is of significant importance to achieve high solar energy utilization efficiency for various solar‐driven technologies. Compared with a 2D planar structure, a 3D plasmonic structure can largely increase the light adsorption/interaction areas and also utilizes the plasmonic effect to achieve much higher light utilization efficiency. However, this remains challenging in terms of structural design, reliable manufacturing, and ability to scale up. Herein, inspired by the light absorption strategy of natural forests, a hierarchical plasmonic superstructure is demonstrated composed of vertical TiO2 pillar arrays (as tree trunks), dense nanorod arrays (as branches), and a large number of plasmonic Au nanoparticles (as leaves). Such a forest‐like plasmonic superstructure can effectively absorb light from the surface plasmonic resonance effects of Au nanoparticles and the multiple scattering of light in the hierarchical branched structure. The strong light absorption and abundant photocatalytic active sites help yield a 15‐fold higher nitrogen photo‐fixation activity than that of the flat TiO2 films decorated with Au nanoparticles. The study provides an effective strategy to construct 3D plasmonic superstructures with excellent light‐harvesting efficiency and high stability and can be readily applied to a range of light‐driven applications
Viscoelastic Cell Microenvironment: Hydrogel‐Based Strategy for Recapitulating Dynamic ECM Mechanics
Authors: Ma Yufei , Han Ting , Yang Qinxuan , Wang Jing , Feng Bicong , Jia Yuanbo , Wei Zhao , Xu Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe native extracellular matrix (ECM) generally exhibits dynamic mechanical properties and displays time‐dependent responses to deformation or mechanical loading, in terms of viscoelastic behaviors (e.g., stress relaxation and creep). Viscoelasticity of the ECM plays a critical role in development, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration, and its implication in disease progression has also been recognized recently. Hydrogels with tunable viscoelastic properties hold a great promise to recapitulate such time‐dependent mechanics found in native ECM, which have been recently used to regulate cell behavior and guide cell fate. Here the importance of tissue viscoelasticity is first highlighted, the molecular mechanisms of hydrogel viscoelasticity are summarized, and characterization techniques used at the macroscale and microscale are reviewed. Then, recent advances in developing novel hydrogels with tunable viscoelasticity through varying crosslinking strategies, engineering of viscoelastic cell microenvironment and its substantial effects on cell behavior and fate are described, and the underlying mechanobiology mechanisms are subsequently discussed. Finally, the ongoing challenges and future perspectives on the design and modulation of viscoelastic hydrogels and the mechanobiology mechanisms on cellular responses to viscoelastic cell microenvironment are proposed.
Development of a Cancer Vaccine Using In Vivo Click‐Chemistry‐Mediated Active Lymph Node Accumulation for Improved Immunotherapy
Authors: Qin Hao , Zhao Ruifang , Qin Yuting , Zhu Jin , Chen Long , Di Chunzhi , Han Xuexiang , Cheng Keman , Zhang Yinlong , Zhao Ying , Shi Jian , Anderson Gregory J. , Zhao Yuliang , Nie Guangjun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDue to their ability to elicit a potent immune reaction with low systemic toxicity, cancer vaccines represent a promising strategy for treating tumors. Considerable effort has been directed toward improving the in vivo efficacy of cancer vaccines, with direct lymph node (LN) targeting being the most promising approach. Here, a click‐chemistry‐based active LN accumulation system (ALAS) is developed by surface modification of lymphatic endothelial cells with an azide group, which provide targets for dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)‐modified liposomes, to improve the delivery of encapsulated antigen and adjuvant to LNs. When loading with OVA257–264 peptide and poly(I:C), the formulation elicits an enhanced CD8+ T cell response in vivo, resulting in a much more efficient therapeutic effect and prolonged median survival of mice. Compared to treatment with DBCO‐conjugated liposomes (DL)‐Ag/Ad without the azide targeting, the percent survival of ALAS‐vaccine‐treated mice improves by 100% over 60 days. Altogether, the findings indicate that the novel ALAS approach is a powerful strategy to deliver vaccine components to LNs for enhanced antitumor immunity.
Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor‐Type Orange–Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials Realizing External Quantum Efficiency Over 30% with Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Karthik Durai , Jung Young Hun , Lee Hyuna , Hwang Soonjae , Seo Bo‐Min , Kim Jun‐Yun , Han Chang Wook , Kwon Jang Hyuk 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo new orange–red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, PzTDBA and PzDBA, are reported. These materials are designed based on the acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) configuration, containing rigid boron acceptors and dihydrophenazine donor moieties. These materials exhibit a small ΔEST of 0.05–0.06 eV, photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) as high as near unity, and short delayed exciton lifetime (τd) of less than 2.63 µs in 5 wt% doped film. Further, these materials show a high reverse intersystem crossing rate (krisc) on the order of 106 s−1. The TADF devices fabricated with 5 wt% PzTDBA and PzDBA as emitting dopants show maximum EQE of 30.3% and 21.8% with extremely low roll‐off of 3.6% and 3.2% at 1000 cd m−2 and electroluminescence (EL) maxima at 576 nm and 595 nm, respectively. The low roll‐off character of these materials is analyzed by using a roll‐off model and the exciton annihilation quenching rates are found to be suppressed by the fast krisc and short delayed exciton lifetime. These devices show operating device lifetimes (LT50) of 159 and 193 h at 1000 cd m−2 for PzTDBA and PzDBA, respectively. The high efficiency and low roll‐off of these materials are attributed to the good electronic properties originatng from the A–D–A molecular configuration.
The Stack Pressure Dilemma in Sulfide Electrolyte Based Li Metal Solid‐State Batteries: A Case Study with Li6PS5Cl Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Hänsel Christian , Kundu Dipan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLithium–solid electrolyte (SE) improper contact and morphological instabilities at the interface during Li plating and stripping are two critical problems that may hinder the realization of Li metal solid‐state batteries (SSBs). While the application of a substantial stack pressure during battery operation can potentially overcome these issues, its proper metering is challenging, especially, when Li metal is employed as the anode, as demonstrated here with Li6PS5Cl as the SE. The low yield strength of Li leads to its extrusion through the micropores of a considerably dense (≈92%) SE even under a moderate stack pressure, resulting in mechanically induced short circuit, which is expedited with decreasing SE thickness. This predicament is avoided at low stack pressures, but inhomogeneous Li plating/stripping triggers dendritic failure at higher currents. Besides highlighting the significance of assembly pressure on the Li‐SSB performance, a comprehensive understanding of the too much versus too little stack pressure dilemma is presented here, which can potentially guide the development of strategies to overcome the electrochemomechanical issues at the Li–SE interface.
High Power Density Thermoelectric Generators with Skutterudites
Authors: El Oualid Soufiane , Kogut Iurii , Benyahia Mohamed , Geczi Eugen , Kruck Uwe , Kosior Francis , Masschelein Philippe , Candolfi Christophe , Dauscher Anne , Koenig Jan Dieter , Jacquot Alexandre , Caillat Thierry , Alleno Eric , Lenoir Bertrand 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThermoelectric generators (TEGs) offer a versatile solution to convert low‐grade heat into useful electrical power. While reducing the length of the active thermoelectric legs provides an efficient strategy to increase the maximum output power density pmax, both the high electrical contact resistances and thermomechanical stresses are two central issues that have so far prevented a strong reduction in the volume of thermoelectric materials integrated. Here, it is demonstrated that these barriers can be lifted by using a nonconventional architecture of the legs which involves inserting thick metallic layers. Using skutterudites as a proof‐of‐principle, several single‐couple and multi‐couple TEGs with skutterudite layers of only 1 mm are fabricated, yielding record pmax ranging from 3.4 up to 7.6 W cm−2 under temperature differences varying between 450 and 630 K. The highest pmax achieved corresponds to a 60‐fold increase per unit volume of skutterudites compared to 1 cm long legs. This work establishes thick metallic layers as a robust strategy through which high power density TEGs may be developed.
Variation in predicted COVID‐19 risk among lemurs and lorises
Authors: Melin Amanda D. , Orkin Joseph D. , Janiak Mareike C. , Valenzuela Alejandro , Kuderna Lukas , Marrone Frank , Ramangason Hasinala , Horvath Julie E. , Roos Christian , Kitchener Andrew C. , Khor Chiea Chuen , Lim Weng Khong , Lee Jessica G. H. , Tan Patrick , Umapathy Govindhaswamy , Raveendran Muthuswamy , Alan Harris R. , Gut Ivo , Gut Marta , Lizano Esther , Nadler Tilo , Zinner Dietmar , Le Minh D. , Manu Sivakumara , Rabarivola Clément J. , Zaramody Alphonse , Andriaholinirina Nicole , Johnson Steig E. , Jarvis Erich D. , Fedrigo Olivier , Wu Dongdong , Zhang Guojie , Farh Kyle Kai‐How , Rogers Jeffrey , Marques‐Bonet Tomas , Navarro Arcadi , Juan David , Arora Paramjit S. , Higham James P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, which in humans leads to the disease COVID‐19, has caused global disruption and more than 2 million fatalities since it first emerged in late 2019. As we write, infection rates are at their highest point globally and are rising extremely rapidly in some areas due to more infectious variants. The primary target of SARS‐CoV‐2 is the cellular receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2). Recent sequence analyses of the ACE2 gene predict that many nonhuman primates are also likely to be highly susceptible to infection. However, the anticipated risk is not equal across the Order. Furthermore, some taxonomic groups show high ACE2 amino acid conservation, while others exhibit high variability at this locus. As an example of the latter, analyses of strepsirrhine primate ACE2 sequences to date indicate large variation among lemurs and lorises compared to other primate clades despite low sampling effort. Here, we report ACE2 gene and protein sequences for 71 individual strepsirrhines, spanning 51 species and 19 genera. Our study reinforces previous results while finding additional variability in other strepsirrhine species, and suggests several clades of lemurs have high potential susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Troublingly, some species, including the rare and endangered aye‐aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), as well as those in the genera Avahi and Propithecus, may be at high risk. Given that lemurs are endemic to Madagascar and among the primates at highest risk of extinction globally, further understanding of the potential threat of COVID‐19 to their health should be a conservation priority. All feasible actions should be taken to limit their exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2.
Plasma P‐tau181 to Aβ42 ratio is associated with brain amyloid burden and hippocampal atrophy in an Asian cohort of Alzheimer's disease patients with concomitant cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Chong Joyce R. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Karikari Thomas K. , Tanaka Tomotaka , Saridin Francis N. , Reilhac Anthonin , Robins Edward G. , Nai Ying‐Hwey , Vrooman Henri , Hilal Saima , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Lai Mitchell K.P. , Chen Christopher P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is increasing evidence that phosphorylated tau (P‐tau181) is a specific biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, but its potential utility in non‐White patient cohorts and patients with concomitant cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is unknown.MethodsSingle molecule array (Simoa) measurements of plasma P‐tau181, total tau, amyloid beta (Aβ)40 and Aβ42, as well as derived ratios were correlated with neuroimaging modalities indicating brain amyloid (Aβ+), hippocampal atrophy, and CeVD in a Singapore‐based cohort of non‐cognitively impaired (NCI; n = 43), cognitively impaired no dementia (CIND; n = 91), AD (n = 44), and vascular dementia (VaD; n = 22) subjects.ResultsP‐tau181/Aβ42 ratio showed the highest area under the curve (AUC) for Aβ+ (AUC = 0.889) and for discriminating between AD Aβ+ and VaD Aβ− subjects (AUC = 0.903). In addition, P‐tau181/Aβ42 ratio was associated with hippocampal atrophy. None of the biomarkers was associated with CeVD.DiscussionPlasma P‐tau181/Aβ42 ratio may be a noninvasive means of identifying AD with elevated brain amyloid in populations with concomitant CeVD.
Characterization of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and mild cognitive impairment using the Lewy body dementia module (LBD‐MOD)
Authors: Galvin James E. , Chrisphonte Stephanie , Cohen Iris , Greenfield Keri K. , Kleiman Michael J. , Moore Claudia , Riccio Mary Lou , Rosenfeld Amie , Shkolnik Niurka , Walker Marcia , Chang Lun‐Ching , Tolea Magdalena I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Disease Research Center program added the Lewy body dementia module (LBD‐MOD) to the Uniform Data Set to facilitate LBD characterization and distinguish dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer's disease (AD). We tested the performance of the LBD‐MOD.MethodsThe LBD‐MOD was completed in a single‐site study in 342 participants: 53 controls, 78 AD, and 110 DLB; 79 mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI‐AD); and 22 MCI‐DLB.ResultsDLB differed from AD in extrapyramidal symptoms, hallucinations, apathy, autonomic features, REM sleep behaviors, daytime sleepiness, cognitive fluctuations, timed attention tasks, and visual perception. MCI‐DLB differed from MCI‐AD in extrapyramidal features, mood, autonomic features, fluctuations, timed attention tasks, and visual perception. Descriptive data on LBD‐MOD measures are provided for reference.DiscussionThe LBD‐MOD provided excellent characterization of core and supportive features to differentiate DLB from AD and healthy controls while also characterizing features of MCI‐DLB.
Light‐Emitting Metal–Organic Halide 1D and 2D Structures: Near‐Unity Quantum Efficiency, Low‐Loss Optical Waveguide and Highly Polarized Emission
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhang Tongjin , Mondal Debayan , Teng Shiyong , Zhang Ying , Huang Keke , Wang Dayang , Yang Wensheng , Mahadevan Priya , Zhao Yong Sheng , Xie Renguo , Pradhan Narayan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganic–inorganic metal‐halide materials (OIMMs) with zero‐dimensional (0D) structures offer useful optical properties with a wide range of applications. However, successful examples of 0D structural OIMMs with well‐defined optical performance at the micro‐/nanometer scale are limited. We prepared one‐dimensional (1D) (DTA)2SbCl5⋅DTAC (DTAC=dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) single‐crystal microrods and 2D microplates with a 0D structure in which individual (SbCl5)2− quadrangular units are completely isolated and surrounded by the organic cation DTA+. The organic molecular unit with a long alkyl chain (C12) and three methyl groups enables microrod and ‐plate formation. The single‐crystal microrods/‐plates exhibit a broadband orange emission peak at 610 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ca. 90 % and a large Stokes shift of 260 nm under photoexcitation. The broad emission originates from self‐trapping excitons. Spatially resolved PL spectra confirm that these microrods exhibit an optical waveguide effect with a low loss coefficient (0.0019 dB μm−1) during propagation, and linear polarized photoemission with a polarization contrast (0.57).
Semiconductor Bow‐Tie Nanoantenna from Coupled Colloidal Quantum Dot Molecules
Authors: Cui Jiabin , Koley Somnath , Panfil Yossef E. , Levi Adar , Waiskopf Nir , Remennik Sergei , Oded Meirav , Banin Uri 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTop‐down fabricated nanoantenna architectures of both metallic and dielectric materials show powerful functionalities for Raman and fluorescence enhancement with relevance to single molecule sensing while inducing directionality of chromophore emission with implications for single photon sources. We synthesize the smallest bow‐tie nanoantenna by selective tip‐to‐tip fusion of two tetrahedral colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) forming a dimer. While the tetrahedral monomers emit non‐polarized light, the bow‐tie architecture manifests nanoantenna functionality of enhanced emission polarization along the bow‐tie axis, as predicted theoretically and revealed by single‐particle spectroscopy. Theory also predicts the formation of an electric‐field hotspot at the bow‐tie epicenter. This is utilized for selective light‐induced photocatalytic metal growth at that location, unlike growth on the free tips in dark conditions, thus demonstrating bow‐tie dimer functionality as a photochemical reaction center.
The Boundary of Lithium Plating in Graphite Electrode for Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cai Wenlong , Yan Chong , Yao Yu‐Xing , Xu Lei , Chen Xiao‐Ru , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUncontrolled Li plating in graphite electrodes endangers battery life and safety, driving tremendous efforts aiming to eliminate Li plating. Herein we systematically investigate the boundary of Li plating in graphite electrode for safe lithium‐ion batteries. The cell exhibits superior safety performance than that with Li dendrites by defining the endurable amount of uniform Li plating in graphite anode. The presence of “dead Li” can be eliminated owing to the uniform distribution of Li plating, and the average Coulombic efficiency for deposited Li during reversible plating/stripping process is decoupled as high as about 99.5 %. Attributing to the limited Li plating with superior Coulombic efficiency, the LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 | graphite cell achieves a high capacity retention of 80.2 % over 500 cycles. This work sheds a different light on further improving the fast‐charging capability, low‐temperature performance, and energy density of practical lithium‐ion batteries.
Understanding of mechanistic perspective in sensing of energetic nitro compounds through spectroscopic and electrochemical studies
Authors: Ture Satish A. , Patil Veerabhadragouda B. , Yelamaggad Channabasaveshwar V. , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Abbaraju Venkataraman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the probable mechanism of detection plays a significant role in selecting a particular fluorophore for the detection of the complicated and low volatile analyte namely, nitroaromatic and non‐aromatic high energy materials (HEMs) in the development of detection devices when compared with the existing techniques. The fluorescence quenching employing conducting polymers‐based response of HEMs have attained great significance in recent times. Amongst all conducting polymers, functionalized polyaniline can act as a fluorophore in quenching studies. This report also reveals the importance of studying electrochemical methods associated with the changes observed in the oxidation potential and its resemblance with fluorescence quenching study in establishing the probable mechanism associated with the sensing study of HEMs (viz., RDX, PETN, CL‐20 and RDX: CL‐20 Cocrystal). FTIR and resonance Raman characterization helped us to understand the interaction between nitro groups present in HEMs with benzenoid unit or polaronic or bipolaronic nitrogen of camphor sulfonic acid doped polyaniline (CSA[PANi]). Employing Stern Volmer plot, the efficiency of quenching and quenching mechanisms of complex structure formed between the fluorophore and HEMs is understood.