bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Humanism: Navigating the Tensions Ahead
Authors: Nowotny Helga 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe assumption of digital humanism that a human-centered approach is possible in the design, use, and further development of AI entails an alignment with human values. If the more ambitious goal of building a good digital society along the co-evolutionary path between humans and the digital machines invented by them is to be reached, inherent tensions need to be confronted. Some of them are the result of already existing inequalities and divergent economic, social, and political interests, exacerbated by the impact of digital technologies. Others arise from the question what makes us human and how our interaction with digital machines changes our identity and relations to each other. If digital humanism is to succeed, a widely shared set of practices and attitudes is needed that sensitize us to the diversity of social contexts in which digital technologies are deployed and how to deal with complex, non-linear systems.
Interdisciplinarity: Models and Values for Digital Humanism
Authors: Wyatt Sally 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter starts from the recognition that the world is facing major challenges and that these may be best addressed by people working together, across different disciplinary domains and between universities, civil society, governments, and industry. After sketching these problems, I provide an overview of the meanings of discipline and of multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinarity. I then provide a brief historical overview of how disciplines emerge. Examples from computer sciences, social sciences, and the humanities, and collaborations between them, are used to illustrate these definitions and overview. In the final part, I reflect on what this means for digital humanism, drawing on different models and values of collaboration.
The Internet Is Dead: Long Live the Internet
Authors: Zarkadakis George 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSocial exclusion, data exploitation, surveillance, and economic inequality on the web are mainly technological problems. The current web of centralized social media clouds delivers by design a winner-takes-all digital economy that stifles innovation and exacerbates power asymmetries between citizens, governments, and technology oligopolies. To fix the digital economy, we need a new, decentralized web where citizens are empowered to own their data, participate in disintermediated peer-to-peer marketplaces, and influence policy-making decisions by means of innovative applications of participatory and deliberative democracy. By reimagining “web 3.0” as a cloud commonwealth of networked virtual machines leveraging blockchains and sharing code, it is possible to design new digital business models where all stakeholders and participants, including users, can share the bounty of the Fourth Industrial Revolution fairly.
Distributed Green Technologies for Regenerating Greyfields
Authors: Newton Peter W. , Newman Peter W. G. , Glackin Stephen , Thomson Giles 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGreening the Greyfields uses ‘greening’ as a term related to the regeneration of an urban area, as well as to the choice of environmentally beneficial (or at least neutral) technology for new urban development. This chapter will outline how new twenty-first-century green urban infrastructures can help realise the value proposition of regenerating established middle suburbs. The technologies covered include energy, water, and waste systems, along with smart information and communications technology (ICT) systems that are needed to make the ‘distributed green technology’ work efficiently and equitably. Micro-mobility (scooters and bikes) is likely to help accessibility at a precinct scale and will be discussed in the next chapter, although they certainly fit within the new distributed infrastructure model. While this chapter looks at ‘greening’ in terms of ‘green tech’, Chapter 5 will look at nature-based solutions more broadly. Greening the greyfields provides the opportunity for new ‘green tech’ to be introduced in urban development in an integrated way.
Integrating Transition Processes for Regenerating the Greyfields
Authors: Newton Peter W. , Newman Peter W. G. , Glackin Stephen , Thomson Giles 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis book has introduced two new (linked) models for greyfield precinct regeneration—place-activated and transit-activated GPR—with a new set of processes to enable them. The need for new design, planning, and engagement tools that must be integrated into all urban development is also seen as key to unlocking greyfield regeneration.Designsfor such precincts have proliferated, but planning systems are still hindering their implementation, especially those systems related to land-assembly issues in the established, occupied middle greyfield suburbs.Planningmust change, and a potential way ahead involves the planning processes demonstrated in this book. A first step involves district greenlining, which enables identification of strategic planning challenges and priorities for action at a district scale along a transit corridor (transit-activated GPR) or in precinct-scale areas in typical middle suburbs with high redevelopment potential (place-activated GPR). Their key attributes are gleaned from the previous chapters and summarised in this chapter. A final plea is made here for partnerships to be created from theengagementof all stakeholders: government, community and civil society, innovators, and developers. Greyfield Precinct Redevelopment Authorities established within state governments as part of a federalBetter Cities 2.0program could guide this transition.
Cosmological particle production and pairwise hotspots on the CMB
Authors: Kim Jeong Han , Kumar Soubhik , Martin Adam , Tsai Yuhsin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Heavy particles with masses much bigger than the inflationary Hubble scale H*, can get non-adiabatically pair produced during inflation through their couplings to the inflaton. If such couplings give rise to time-dependent masses for the heavy particles, then following their production, the heavy particles modify the curvature perturbation around their locations in a time-dependent and scale non-invariant manner. This results into a non-trivial spatial profile of the curvature perturbation that is preserved on superhorizon scales and eventually generates localized hot or cold spots on the CMB. We explore this phenomenon by studying the inflationary production of heavy scalars and derive the final temperature profile of the spots on the CMB by taking into account the subhorizon evolution, focusing in particular on the parameter space where pairwise hot spots (PHS) arise. When the heavy scalar has an $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) coupling to the inflaton, we show that for an idealized situation where the dominant background to the PHS signal comes from the standard CMB fluctuations themselves, a simple position space search based on applying a temperature cut, can be sensitive to heavy particle masses M0/H* ∼ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100). The corresponding PHS signal also modifies the CMB power spectra and bispectra, although the corrections are below (outside) the sensitivity of current measurements (searches).
Universal scalar leptoquark action for matching
Authors: Dedes Athanasios , Mantzaropoulos Kostas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study we present a universal effective action for one-loop matching of all scalar leptoquarks. We use both the Universal One-Loop Effective Action (UOLEA) and covariant diagrams to evaluate the Wilson coefficients directly in the Green basis for up to dimension-6 operators. On the technical side, we use the newly developed method of evaluating supertraces, to further validate the results stemming from the use of covariant diagrams. As an application, we perform a fully functional matching onto Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) of a model with two scalar leptoquark fields: a weak isospin singlet and a doublet. We demonstrate its use by calculating several observables, such as lepton magnetic and electric dipole moments, neutrino masses, proton decay rate, while we comment upon fine tuning issues in this model. Apart from its phenomenological interest, this model generates the majority of dimension-6 operators and provides an EFT benchmark towards future matching automation.
One-loop corrections to ALP couplings
Authors: Bonilla J. , Brivio I. , Gavela M. B. , Sanz V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The plethora of increasingly precise experiments which hunt for axion-like particles (ALPs), as well as their widely different energy reach, call for the theoretical understanding of ALP couplings at loop-level. We derive the one-loop contributions to ALP-SM effective couplings, including finite corrections. The complete leading-order — dimension five — effective linear Lagrangian is considered. The ALP is left off-shell, which is of particular impact on LHC and accelerator searches of ALP couplings to γγ, ZZ, Zγ, WW, gluons and fermions. All results are obtained in the covariant Rξ gauge. A few phenomenological consequences are also explored as illustration, with flavour diagonal channels in the case of fermions: in particular, we explore constraints on the coupling of the ALP to top quarks, that can be extracted from LHC data, from astrophysical sources and from Dark Matter direct detection experiments such as PandaX, LUX and XENON1T. Furthermore, we clarify the relation between alternative ALP bases, the role of gauge anomalous couplings and their interface with chirality-conserving and chirality-flip fermion interactions, and we briefly discuss renormalization group aspects.
COVID-19 in der geburtshilflichen Anästhesie
Authors: Sitter Magdalena , Schlesinger Tobias , Reinhold Ann-Kristin , Scholler Axel , von Heymann Christian , Welfle Sabine , Bartmann Catharina , Wöckel Achim , Kleinschmidt Stefan , Schneider Sven , Gottschalk André , Greve Susanne , Wermelt Julius Z. , Wiener Roland , Schulz Frank , Chappell Daniel , Brunner Maya , Neumann Claudia , Meybohm Patrick , Kranke Peter ,   Weitere Mitglieder des COALA-Registers, Brenner A. , Foer A. , Bremerich D. , Lotz G. , Girard T. , Zausig Y. , Kaufner L. , Fingerhut M.-L. , Schick M. , Wenk M. , Klaschik S. , Zink W. 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Rahmen der Pandemie des SARS-CoV-2-Virus erlangte das Patientenkollektiv der Schwangeren früh Aufmerksamkeit. Initial wurde angesichts sich früh abzeichnender Krankheitsfälle bei jüngeren Patienten mit einem erheblichen Aufkommen peripartal zu betreuender, COVID-19-positiver Schwangerer gerechnet.

Ziel der Arbeit
Diese Arbeit vermittelt einen Einblick in die SARS-CoV-2-Infektionszahlen im Rahmen der geburtshilflichen Anästhesie zu Beginn der Pandemie sowie während der zweiten Infektionswelle in Deutschland.

Methoden
Über das COALA-Register (COVID-19 related Obstetric Anaesthesia Longitudinal Assessment-Registry) wurden sowohl von März bis Mai 2020 als auch von Oktober 2020 bis Februar 2021 in Deutschland und der Schweiz wöchentlich prospektiv Daten zu Verdachts- und bestätigten SARS-CoV-2-Fällen bei Schwangeren zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt erhoben. Betrachtet wurden die Verteilung dieser auf die Anzahl der Geburten, Zentren und Erhebungswochen sowie mütterliche Charakteristika und Krankheitsverläufe.

Ergebnisse
Neun Zentren haben im Verlauf 44 SARS-CoV-2-positive Schwangere zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt bei 7167 Geburten (0,6 %) gemeldet (3 Fälle auf 2270 Geburten (0,4 %) und 41 Fälle auf 4897 Geburten (0,8 %)). Berichtet wurden 2 schwere COVID-19-Verläufe (n = 1 mit Todesfolge nach ECMO, n = 1 mit ECMO überlebt). Bei 28 (68 %) Patientinnen verlief die Infektion asymptomatisch. Ein Neugeborenes wurde im Verlauf positiv auf SARS-CoV‑2 getestet.

Schlussfolgerung
Mithilfe des Registers konnte das Auftreten von Fällen zu Beginn der Pandemie zeitnah eingeschätzt werden. Es traten sporadisch Verdachtsfälle bzw. bestätigte Fälle auf. Aufgrund fehlender flächendeckender Testung muss aber von einer Dunkelziffer asymptomatischer Fälle ausgegangen werden. Während der zweiten Infektionswelle wurden 68 % asymptomatische Fälle gemeldet. Jedoch kann es bei jungen, gesunden Patientinnen ohne das Vorliegen typischer Risikofaktoren zu schwerwiegenden Verläufen kommen.
Analytical modeling and dimensionless characteristics of open wet clutches in consideration of gravity
Authors: Leister Robin , Najafi Amir F. , Kriegseis Jochen , Frohnapfel Bettina , Gatti Davide 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWet clutches are widely used in power transmission, but lack of the fact of an energy loss in open state condition. The flow conditions in the fluid flow of an open wet clutches are analyzed by analytical means. The requisite simplifications that result in an analytically integrateable solution are stated in detail. Special emphasis is put on the role of gravitation in the equations of fluid motion. This force component leads to a slightly earlier aeration than stated in earlier conditions. The simplifications and the resultant solutions are considered by means of dimensionless quantities. Despite the actual geometric parameters the drag torque can be described as $$\zeta_{\mathrm{m}}=\pi/\mathrm{Re}_{\mathrm{l}}$$

ζ
m

=
π
/

Re
l

. An additional aeration condition is introduced, which is based on the back flow of the radial velocity. This quantity can be described as non-dimensional volumetric flow rate $$Q^{*}$$

Q
*

. With these equations at hand the theoretical considerations are transferred to an evaluation with grooves, where a backward curved groove appears as beneficial for further investigations.
Reweighting of Binaural Localization Cues in Bilateral Cochlear-Implant Listeners
Authors: Klingel Maike , Laback Bernhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNormal-hearing (NH) listeners rely on two binaural cues, the interaural time (ITD) and level difference (ILD), for azimuthal sound localization. Cochlear-implant (CI) listeners, however, rely almost entirely on ILDs. One reason is that present-day clinical CI stimulation strategies do not convey salient ITD cues. But even when presenting ITDs under optimal conditions using a research interface, ITD sensitivity is lower in CI compared to NH listeners. Since it has recently been shown that NH listeners change their ITD/ILD weighting when only one of the cues is consistent with visual information, such reweighting might add to CI listeners’ low perceptual contribution of ITDs, given their daily exposure to reliable ILDs but unreliable ITDs. Six bilateral CI listeners completed a multi-day lateralization training visually reinforcing ITDs, flanked by a pre- and post-measurement of ITD/ILD weights without visual reinforcement. Using direct electric stimulation, we presented 100- and 300-pps pulse trains at a single interaurally place-matched electrode pair, conveying ITDs and ILDs in various spatially consistent and inconsistent combinations. The listeners’ task was to lateralize the stimuli in a virtual environment. Additionally, ITD and ILD thresholds were measured before and after training. For 100-pps stimuli, the lateralization training increased the contribution of ITDs slightly, but significantly. Thresholds were neither affected by the training nor correlated with weights. For 300-pps stimuli, ITD weights were lower and ITD thresholds larger, but there was no effect of training. On average across test sessions, adding azimuth-dependent ITDs to stimuli containing ILDs increased the extent of lateralization for both 100- and 300-pps stimuli. The results suggest that low-rate ITD cues, robustly encoded with future CI systems, may be better exploitable for sound localization after increasing their perceptual weight via training.
Filter made of cuprammonium regenerated cellulose for virus removal: a mini-review
Authors: Ide Shoichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn 1989, Asahi Kasei commercialized a porous hollow fiber membrane filter (Planova™) made of cuprammonium regenerated cellulose, making it possible for the first time in the world to “remove viruses from protein solutions by membrane filtration”. Planova has demonstrated its usefulness in separating proteins and viruses. Filters that remove viruses from protein solutions, i.e., virus removal filters (VFs), have become one of the critical modern technologies to assure viral safety of biological products. It has also become an indispensable technology for the future. The performance characteristics of VFs can be summarized in two points: 1) the virus removal performance increases as the virus diameter increases, and 2) the recovery rate of proteins with molecular weights greater than 10,000 exceeds the practical level. This paper outlines the emergence of VF and its essential roles in the purification process of biological products, requirements for VF, phase separation studies for cuprammonium cellulose solution, comparison between Planova and other regenerated cellulose flat membranes made from other cellulose solutions, and the development of Planova. The superior properties of Planova can be attributed to its highly interconnected three-dimensional network structure. Furthermore, future trends in the VF field, the subject of this review, are discussed.
Whole-Body Imaging to Assess Cell-Based Immunotherapy: Preclinical Studies with an Update on Clinical Translation
Authors: Sato Noriko , Choyke Peter L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the past decades, immunotherapies against cancers made impressive progress. Immunotherapy includes a broad range of interventions that can be separated into two major groups: cell-based immunotherapies, such as adoptive T cell therapies and stem cell therapies, and immunomodulatory molecular therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors and cytokine therapies. Genetic engineering techniques that transduce T cells with a cancer-antigen-specific T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor have expanded to other cell types, and further modulation of the cells to enhance cancer targeting properties has been explored. Because cell-based immunotherapies rely on cells migrating to target organs or tissues, there is a growing interest in imaging technologies that non-invasively monitor transferred cells in vivo. Here, we review whole-body imaging methods to assess cell-based immunotherapy using a variety of examples. Following a review of preclinically used cell tracking technologies, we consider the status of their clinical translation.
Perfluoroalkyl substances in circum-ArcticRangifer: caribou and reindeer
Authors: Roos Anna Maria , Gamberg Mary , Muir Derek , Kärrman Anna , Carlsson Pernilla , Cuyler Christine , Lind Ylva , Bossi Rossana , Rigét Frank 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLivers of caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from Canada (n = 146), Greenland (n = 30), Svalbard (n = 7), and Sweden (n = 60) were analyzed for concentrations of eight perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and four perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids. In Canadian caribou, PFNA (range < 0.01–7.4 ng/g wet weight, ww) and PFUnDA (<0.01–5.6 ng/g ww) dominated, whereas PFOS predominated in samples from South Greenland, Svalbard, and Sweden, although the highest concentrations were found in caribou from Southwest Greenland (up to 28 ng/g ww). We found the highest median concentrations of all PFAS except PFHxS in Akia-Maniitsoq caribou (Southwest Greenland, PFOS 7.2–19 ng/g ww, median 15 ng/g ww). The highest concentrations of ΣPFAS were also found in Akia-Maniitoq caribou (101 ng/g ww) followed by the nearby Kangerlussuaq caribou (45 ng/g ww), where the largest airport in Greenland is situated, along with a former military base. Decreasing trends in concentrations were seen for PFOS in the one Canadian and three Swedish populations. Furthermore, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, and PFTrDA showed decreasing trends in Canada’s Porcupine caribou between 2005 and 2016. In Sweden, PFHxS increased in the reindeer from Norrbotten between 2003 and 2011. The reindeer from Västerbotten had higher concentrations of PFNA and lower concentrations of PFHxS in 2010 compared to 2002. Finally, we observed higher concentrations in 2010 compared to 2002 (albeit statistically insignificant) for PFHxS in Jämtland, while PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, and PFTrDA showed no difference at all.
Biophysical Reviews’ “Meet the Councilor Series”—a profile of Peter Pohl
Authors: Pohl Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is my pleasure to write a few words to introduce myself to the readers of Biophysical Reviews as part of the “Meet the Councilor Series.” Currently, I am serving the second period as IUPAB councilor after having been elected first in 2017. Initially, I studied Biophysics in Moscow (Russia) and later Medicine in Halle (Germany). My scientific carrier took me from the Medical School of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, via the Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (Berlin) and the Institute for Biology at the Humboldt University (Berlin) to the Physics Department of the Johannes Kepler University in Linz (Austria). My key research interests lie in the molecular mechanisms of transport phenomena occurring at the lipid membrane, including (i) spontaneous and facilitated transport of water and other small molecules across membranes in reconstituted systems, (ii) proton migration along the membrane surface, (iii) protein translocation, and (iv) bilayer mechanics. Training of undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral researchers from diverse academic disciplines has been—and shall remain—a consistent part of my work.
Secure transmission technique for data in IoT edge computing infrastructure
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Arya Rajeev 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNowadays, the utilization of IoT technology has been rapidly increased in various applications such as smart city, smart banking, smart transport, etc. The internet of things allows the user to collect the data easily using the different sensors installed at various locations in the open environment. The data collection process by the IoT sensors is giving access to the various services. However, due to the open communication medium, it is difficult to provide secure access to these services. In this paper, a data transmission technique has been proposed, which will provide secure communication in IoT infrastructure for smart city applications. In this method, each IoT sensor have to prove their legitimacy to the reader and the base station before the transmission of data. Hence, the IoT sensors can transmit the required data in a secure and efficient way. In the proposed technique, the proof of correction shows that the required information is not supposed to send through an online medium, it is obtained at the receiver using the Euclidean parameters shared by the IoT sensors. The proposed technique is compatible to provide the security against most of the attacks performed by the attackers. Two random variables and complex mathematical calculation are making the proposed technique more reliable than others. This technique will significantly improve the security of different data transmission services which will be helpful to improve the smart city infrastructure.