bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting moonquakes using convolutional neural networks, a non-local training set, and transfer learning
Authors: Civilini F , Weber R C , Jiang Z , Phillips D , Pan W David 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYThe costly power requirements of delivering seismic data back to Earth from planetary missions requires the development of algorithms for lander-side signal analysis for telemetry prioritization. This is difficult to explicitly program, especially if no prior seismic data are available from the planetary body. Deep learning computer vision has been used to generalize seismic signals on Earth for earthquake early warning problems but such techniques have not yet been expanded to planetary science. We demonstrate that Convolutional Neural Networks can be used to accurately catalogue planetary seismicity without local training data by building binary noise/signal classifiers from a single Earth seismic station and applying the models to moonquakes from the Apollo Passive Seismic Experiment (PSE) and the Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment (LSPE). In order to promote generality and reduce the amount of training data, the algorithms use spectral images instead of time-series. Two- to five-layer convolution models are tested against a subset of 200 Grade-A events from the PSE and obtained station accuracy averages of 89–96 per cent. As the model was applied to an hour trace of data (30 min before and after the Grade-A event), additional detections besides the Grade-A event are unavoidable. In order to comprehensively address algorithm accuracy, additional seismic detections corresponding to valid signals such as other moonquakes or multiples within a particularly long event needed to be compared with those caused by algorithm error or instrument glitches. We developed an ‘extra-arrival accuracy’ metric to quantify how many of the additional detections were due to valid seismic events and used it to select the three-layer model as the best fit. The three-layer model was applied to the entire LSPE record and matched the lunar day–night cycle driving thermal moonquake generation with fewer false detections than a recent study using Hidden Markov Models. We anticipate that these methods for lander-side signal detection can be easily expanded to non-seismological data and may provide even stronger results when supplemented with synthetic training data.
Information, control and health promotion in the Brazilian context of the pandemic
Authors: Franceschini Maria Cristina Trousdell , Agrela de Andrade Elisabete , Mendes Rosilda , Akerman Marco , Roque Andrade Douglas , Madalena de Campos Lico Fatima 
Published: February 2021

Summary
This article discusses how preventive and promotional discourses have been incorporated by the Brazilian population in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. It analyzes materials posted on the internet and social after the first case of COVID 19-related death in Brazil that are related health promotion and COVID-19 aimed at orienting society’s response to the pandemic. The analysis considers two key factors: the mismanagement of the pandemic by the Brazilian government and infodemic. There is complex use of scientific information with recommendations that focus on what people should do (intervention) and in transforming individuals’ behaviors, based on an ideal model of healthy behaviors. Narratives aimed to delegate to the population and specific groups the task of taking care of themselves have been reinforced, removing from the State the responsibility to offer conditions for the population to address the situation. There is a sophistication of strategies that blame individual practices, personal organization and that are disconnected from the collective, especially for those who live in situation of extreme vulnerability. Concomitantly, there are also discourses based on notions of solidarity and renewed social connections, which are empowering and consistent with the practice of health promotion as it attributes meanings to the subjects and their ways of life. We conclude that greatest advocacy in the field of health promotion at this moment is political and could be directed toward reaffirming health promotion principles, supporting permanent mobilization against setbacks in the public sphere and defending a new, democratic, inclusive and collective vision of society.
Human Rights Protections in Drawing Inferences from Criminal Suspects’ Silence
Authors: Daly Yvonne , Pivaty Anna , Marchesi Diletta , ter Vrugt Peggy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article sheds comparative and contextual light on European and international human rights debates around the privilege against self-incrimination and the right to silence. It does so through an examination of adverse inferences from criminal suspect’s silence in three European jurisdictions with differing procedural traditions: Ireland, Italy and the Netherlands. The article highlights the manner in which adverse inferences have come to be drawn at trial in the three jurisdictions, despite the existence of both European and domestic legal protections for the right to silence. It also explores differing approaches to the practical operation of inference-drawing procedures, including threshold requirements, varying evidential uses of silence and procedural safeguards. The authors argue that human rights’ standard-setting institutions ought to provide clarity on the conditions under which adverse inferences may be tolerated, including the purpose(s) for which inferences may be used, and the necessary surrounding safeguards.
Community spread and acquisition of clinically relevant Escherichia coli harbouring blaNDM among healthy Japanese residents of Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Sugawara Yo , Hagiya Hideharu , Akeda Yukihiro , Takeuchi Dan , Sakamoto Noriko , Matsumoto Yuki , Motooka Daisuke , Nishi Isao , Tomono Kazunori , Hamada Shigeyuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are spreading in hospitals, environment and retail foods in Yangon, Myanmar.

Objectives
To investigate whether CPE colonize healthy individuals living in Yangon and whether clinical-related strains are spreading in the community.

Methods
CPE was isolated from faecal samples obtained from healthy Japanese residents of Yangon with no history of hospitalization. Isolates were subjected to WGS using short- and long-read sequencers and compared with those previously isolated in Yangon.

Results
Six Escherichia coli strains harbouring blaNDM-1 or blaNDM-5 belonging to five different STs—ST10, ST38, ST48, ST410 and ST8453—were isolated from 69 volunteers. The ST38 isolates were related to those previously isolated from retail food in Yangon. The ST410 and ST8453 isolates were highly related to previous Yangon isolates including those of clinical and food origins.

Conclusions
The analysis suggested the acquisition of blaNDM-positive E. coli, which are disseminating in a clinical setting and through retail foods, by healthy residents in Yangon.
Employees balance and stability as key points in organizational performance
Authors: Neves José , Maia Nuno , Marreiros Goreti , Neves Mariana , Fernandes Ana , Ribeiro Jorge , Araújo Isabel , Araújo Nuno , Ávidos Liliana , Ferraz Filipa , Capita António , Lori Nicolás , Alves Victor , Vicente Henrique 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
System analyses deal with interrelationships between different variables that keep the system in balance. In many analysis of complex thinking, a system is viewed as a complex unit in which the ‘whole’ is not reduced to the ‘sum’ of its parts; the system becomes an ambiguous item because it consists of several entities that interact with unforeseen results or, in other words, it is situated at a transdisciplinary level, it is impossible for an area to have a complete reading of its complexity. It was also mentioned that the concept of the open system best describes complexity by stating that ‘the laws of the organization are not equilibrium, but an imbalance that is restored or compensated for by stabilized dynamics’. This idea originated from the field of thermodynamics and the second law, in which the imbalance that it maintains allows the system for an apparent balance. This fragile steady state has something of a paradox, since the structures remain the same, but their constituents are changeable. The concept of open system undoes the door to a theory of evolution that can only derive from the interactions between a system and its ecosystem. Within this systemic approach, the focus of the analysis takes into account the ambiguity, multidisciplinary and complexity associated with system adjustment, i.e. it is intended to qualify an employee job based on their experience and knowledge as a measure of their impact on the organization performance.
Activation modes in biocatalytic radical cyclization reactions
Authors: Ye Yuxuan , Fu Haigen , Hyster Todd K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Radical cyclizations are essential reactions in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the chemical synthesis of societally valuable molecules. In this review, we highlight the general mechanisms utilized in biocatalytic radical cyclizations. We specifically highlight cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) involved in the biosynthesis of mycocyclosin and vancomycin, nonheme iron- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (Fe/αKGDs) used in the biosynthesis of kainic acid, scopolamine, and isopenicillin N, and radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes that facilitate the biosynthesis of oxetanocin A, menaquinone, and F420. Beyond natural mechanisms, we also examine repurposed flavin-dependent “ene”-reductases (ERED) for non-natural radical cyclization. Overall, these general mechanisms underscore the opportunity for enzymes to augment and enhance the synthesis of complex molecules using radical mechanisms.
PenA, a penicillin-binding protein-type thioesterase specialized for small peptide cyclization
Authors: Matsuda Kenichi , Fujita Kei , Wakimoto Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Penicillin-binding protein-type thioesterases (PBP-type TEs) are a recently identified group of peptide cyclases that catalyze head-to-tail macrolactamization of nonribosomal peptides. PenA, a new member of this group, is involved in the biosyntheses of cyclic pentapeptides. In this study, we demonstrated the enzymatic activity of PenA in vitro, and analyzed its substrate scope with a series of synthetic substrates. A comparison of the reaction profiles between PenA and SurE, a representative PBP-type TE, showed that PenA is more specialized for small peptide cyclization. A computational model provided a possible structural rationale for the altered specificity for substrate chain lengths.
Large-scale reconstruction of chromatin structures of maize temperate and tropical inbred lines
Authors: Tian Lei , Ku Lixia , Yuan Zan , Wang Cuiling , Su Huihui , Wang Shunxi , Song Xiaoheng , Dou Dandan , Ren Zhenzhen , Lai Jinsheng , Liu Tao , Du Chunguang , Chen Yanhui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Maize is a model plant species often used for genetics and genomics research because of its genetic diversity. There are prominent morphological, genetic, and epigenetic variations between tropical and temperate maize lines. However, the genome-wide chromatin conformations of these two maize types remain unexplored. We applied a Hi-C approach to compare the genome-wide chromatin interactions between temperate inbred line D132 and tropical line CML288. A reconstructed maize three-dimensional genome model revealed the spatial segregation of the global A and B compartments. The A compartments contain enriched genes and active epigenome marks, whereas the B compartments are gene-poor, transcriptionally silent chromatin regions. Whole-genome analyses indicated that the global A compartment content of CML288 was 3.12% lower than that of D132. Additionally, global and A/B sub-compartments were associated with differential gene expression and epigenetic changes between two inbred lines. About 25.3% of topologically associating domains (TADs) were determined to be associated with complex domain-level modifications that induced transcriptional changes, indicative of a large-scale reorganization of chromatin structures between the inbred maize lines. Furthermore, differences in chromatin interactions between the two lines correlated with epigenetic changes. These findings provide a solid foundation for the wider plant community to further investigate the genome-wide chromatin structures in other plant species.
Spatiotemporal and Kinematic Comparisons Between Anthropometrically Paired Male and Female Soldiers While Walking With Heavy Loads
Authors: Bode Victoria G , Frykman Peter N , Smith Nathaniel I , Fellin Rebecca E , Seay Joseph F 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Limited work comparing the effect of heavier carried loads (greater than 30 kg) between men and women has attributed observed differences to sex with the possibility that anthropometric differences may have contributed to those discrepancies. With the recent decision permitting women to enter Combat Arms roles, knowledge of sex-based differences in gait response to load carriage is more operationally relevant, as military loads are absolute and not relative to body weight. The purpose of this study was to describe differences in gait parameters at light to heavy loads between anthropometrically similar male and female soldiers.

Materials and Methods
Eight female and 8 male soldiers, frequency-matched (1-to-1) on height (±0.54 cm) and mass (±0.52 kg), walked at 1.34 m∙s−1 for 10-min bouts on a level treadmill while unloaded (BM) and then carrying randomized vest-borne loads of 15, 35, and 55 kg. Spatiotemporal and kinematic data were collected for 30 s after 5 min. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to compare the gait parameter variables between sexes at each load.

Results
As load increased, overall, the percent double support increased, step frequency increased, stride length decreased, hip and ankle range of motion (ROM) increased, and vertical center of mass (COM) displacement increased. Sex-based significant differences were observed in knee ROM and mediolateral COM displacement. Among the male participants, knee ROM increased significantly for all loads greater than BM. For mediolateral COM displacement, male remained constant as load increased, whereas female values decreased between BM and 35 kg.

Conclusions
Spatiotemporal and kinematic differences in gait parameters were primarily because of increases in load magnitude. The observed sex-related differences with increasing loads suggest that women may require a more stable gait to support the additional load carried.
Radiation hydrodynamical self-similar funnel jets
Authors: Fukue J 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Two-dimensional funnel flows driven by radiation pressure in the conical funnel formed by the critical accretion disc are examined using the self-similar treatment. The flow is assumed to be steady and axisymmetric, and other forces such as viscosity and magnetic fields are ignored. For various boundary conditions on the funnel wall at the disc surface, the self-similar solutions are found to be classified into three types: funnel-filled solutions, where the flow gas fills the whole region of the funnel; polar-hollow ones, where there appears a cavity around the polar axis, and unphysical ones in a sense that, e.g. the radiation energy density becomes negative. For the physically reasonable solutions, the flow gas generally concentrates to the funnel wall, and the flow density and the radiation energy density monotonically decrease from the funnel wall towards the polar axis, while the radial flux becomes negative near the polar axis. The vertical velocity increases towards the polar axis, while the vertical flux has often the maximum between the polar axis and the funnel wall. As a result, the present self-similar funnel jets are such a flow with a slow dense outer part and a fast rarefied inner part.
A new ionization network and radiation transport module in pluto
Authors: Sarkar Kartick C , Sternberg Amiel , Gnat Orly 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We introduce a new general-purpose time-dependent ionization network (IN) and a radiation transport (RT) module for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code pluto. Our IN is reliable for temperatures ranging from 5 × 103 to 3 × 108 K and includes all ionization states of H, He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe, making it suitable for studying a variety of astrophysical scenarios. Radiation loss for each ion–electron pair is calculated using cloudy-17 data on the fly. Photoionization and charge exchange are the main processes contributing to chemical heating. The IN is fully coupled to the RT module over a large range of opacities at different frequencies. The RT module employs a method of short characteristics assuming spherical symmetry. The radiation module requires the assumption of spherical symmetry, while the IN is compatible with full 3D. We also include a simple prescription for dust opacity, grain destruction, and the dust contribution to radiation pressure. We present numerical tests to show the reliability and limitations of the new modules. We also present a post-processing tool to calculate projected column densities and emission spectra.
Estimation of the modulation level of cosmic rays at high energies
Authors: Bobik Pavol , Putis M , Kolesnyk Y L , Shakhov B A 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
In this article, we focus on the modulation of cosmic rays at high energies. The aim is to determine the limits of the ability of the heliosphere to modulate the intensities of cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere. We address the following questions: how large is the variation in cosmic rays intensities at high energies, i.e. close to 50, 100, and 200 GeV and above? What is the maximum energy at which modulation effects can be measured near the Earth? Specifically, we look at the magnitudes of the variation in cosmic rays intensity at 1 au over the period 1990–2012, at high energies. Attention is paid to energies of around 50, 100, and 150 GeV, where we can expect experimental results within the next decade.
Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and trophectoderm lineage specification by the mevalonate pathway in the mouse preimplantation embryo
Authors: Marikawa Yusuke , Menor Mark , Deng Youping , Alarcon Vernadeth B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Early embryos are vulnerable to environmental insults, such as medications taken by the mother. Due to increasing prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, more women of childbearing potential are taking cholesterol-lowering medications called statins. Previously, we showed that inhibition of the mevalonate pathway by statins impaired mouse preimplantation development, by modulating HIPPO signaling, a key regulator for trophectoderm (TE) lineage specification. Here, we further evaluated molecular events that are altered by mevalonate pathway inhibition during the timeframe of morphogenesis and cell lineage specification. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed that statin treatment dysregulated gene expression underlying multiple processes, including cholesterol biosynthesis, HIPPO signaling, cell lineage specification and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. We explored mechanisms that link the mevalonate pathway to ER stress, because of its potential impact on embryonic health and development. Upregulation of ER stress-responsive genes was inhibited when statin-treated embryos were supplemented with the mevalonate pathway product, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Inhibition of geranylgeranylation was sufficient to upregulate ER stress-responsive genes. However, ER stress-responsive genes were not upregulated by inhibition of ras homolog family member A (RHOA), a geranylgeranylation target, although it interfered with TE specification and blastocyst cavity formation. In contrast, inhibition of Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1), another geranylgeranylation target, upregulated ER stress-responsive genes, while it did not impair TE specification or cavity formation. Thus, our study suggests that the mevalonate pathway regulates cellular homeostasis (ER stress repression) and differentiation (TE lineage specification) in preimplantation embryos through GGPP-dependent activation of two distinct small GTPases, RAC1 and RHOA, respectively. Translation of the findings to human embryos and clinical settings requires further investigations.
Methylation-directed acetylation of histone H3 regulates developmental sensitivity to histone deacetylase inhibition
Authors: Huang Li-Yao , Hsu Duen-Wei , Pears Catherine J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hydroxamate-based lysine deacetylase inhibitors (KDACis) are approved for clinical use against certain cancers. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance presents a major problem. Treatment of cells with hydroxamates such as trichostatin A (TSA) leads to rapid preferential acetylation of histone H3 already trimethylated on lysine 4 (H3K4me3), although the importance of this H3K4me3-directed acetylation in the biological consequences of KDACi treatment is not known. We address this utilizing Dictyostelium discoideum strains lacking H3K4me3 due to disruption of the gene encoding the Set1 methyltransferase or mutations in endogenous H3 genes. Loss of H3K4me3 confers resistance to TSA-induced developmental inhibition and delays accumulation of H3K9Ac and H3K14Ac. H3K4me3-directed H3Ac is mediated by Sgf29, a subunit of the SAGA acetyltransferase complex that interacts with H3K4me3 via a tandem tudor domain (TTD). We identify an Sgf29 orthologue in Dictyostelium with a TTD that specifically recognizes the H3K4me3 modification. Disruption of the gene encoding Sgf29 delays accumulation of H3K9Ac and abrogates H3K4me3-directed H3Ac. Either loss or overexpression of Sgf29 confers developmental resistance to TSA. Our results demonstrate that rapid acetylation of H3K4me3 histones regulates developmental sensitivity to TSA. Levels of H3K4me3 or Sgf29 will provide useful biomarkers for sensitivity to this class of chemotherapeutic drug.
MKRN3-mediated ubiquitination of Poly(A)-binding proteins modulates the stability and translation of GNRH1 mRNA in mammalian puberty
Authors: Li Chuanyin , Han Tianting , Li Qingrun , Zhang Menghuan , Guo Rong , Yang Yun , Lu Wenli , Li Zhengwei , Peng Chao , Wu Ping , Tian Xiaoxu , Wang Qinqin , Wang Yuexiang , Zhou Vincent , Han Ziyan , Li Hecheng , Wang Feng , Hu Ronggui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The family of Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) regulates the stability and translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Here we reported that the three members of PABPs, including PABPC1, PABPC3 and PABPC4, were identified as novel substrates for MKRN3, whose deletion or loss-of-function mutations were genetically associated with human central precocious puberty (CPP). MKRN3-mediated ubiquitination was found to attenuate the binding of PABPs to the poly(A) tails of mRNA, which led to shortened poly(A) tail-length of GNRH1 mRNA and compromised the formation of translation initiation complex (TIC). Recently, we have shown that MKRN3 epigenetically regulates the transcription of GNRH1 through conjugating poly-Ub chains onto methyl-DNA bind protein 3 (MBD3). Therefore, MKRN3-mediated ubiquitin signalling could control both transcriptional and post-transcriptional switches of mammalian puberty initiation. While identifying MKRN3 as a novel tissue-specific translational regulator, our work also provided new mechanistic insights into the etiology of MKRN3 dysfunction-associated human CPP.