bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Microbial Polysaccharides on the Oil Absorption and Quality Characteristics of a Deep‐Fried Snack Namkeen
Authors: Nivedita V. , Srisowmeya G. , Chakravarthy M. , Antony Usha , Nandhini Devi G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the potential of microbial polysaccharides (MP) gellan gum and pullulan to reduce oil uptake in a deep‐fried snack (Namkeen). The concentration of MP in refined wheat flour varied between 1–10% (w/w) and the frying time and temperature are optimized. The results reveal that MP added namkeens showed a maximum relative oil reduction of 33.87% with gellan gum and 26.93% with pullulan at 10% (w/w). Gellan gum and pullulan result in oil reduction of 23.19% and 15.97% with 5% (w/w). The results reveal that gellan gum added namkeens exhibited 1.45 times lower oil uptake than pullulan added namkeen indicating potential oil reduction capabilities. The hardness of namkeen is observed to increase with an increase in MP concentration. Sensorial and textural characteristics of control and MP incorporated fried samples are comparable up to 5% (w/w) with MP concentration. The results for the control samples and MP incorporated samples are statistically significant. Furthermore, overall sensorial acceptability of pullulan added namkeens (7.74 ± 0.53) is slightly higher than that of gellan gum added namkeens (7.64 ± 0.36).Practical Application: Low‐fat diet and functional foods are expected to help in managing the conditions of hyperlipidaemia. This study focuses on the potential of MP in reducing the oil content of deep‐fried snacks. The efficacy of MP gellan gum and pullulan as functional ingredients for oil reduction in fried snacks demonstrates its aid in formulating low‐fat foods thereby retaining sensorial characteristics.
A comprehensive survey on secure software‐defined network for the Internet of Things
Authors: Babiker Mohamed Monzir , Matthew Alofe Olasunkanmi , Ajmal Azad Muhammad , Singh Lallie Harjinder , Fatema Kaniz , Sharif Tahir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of smart devices, sensors, and machines that continuously monitored the surrounding environment and execute meaningful decisions on the data or information it receives. The Internet‐enabled devices could facilitate computer‐mediated strategies for various tasks, for example, smart health care, managing the cities or smart factories, smart manufacturing, automating the home and business, etc. IoT commonly uses Internet technology for establishing communication among devices, thus inherits all the security threats that are currently affecting Internet users along with other security threats that are specific to IoTs due to resources constrained nature of the smart devices and sensors. The greater footprint, the distributed nature of the network and the existence of a huge number of IoT devices has also attracted criminals, fraudsters, and attackers to utilize this medium for spreading malicious content or making devices unavailable for legitimate use. It is imperative to ensure that the Confidentiality, Integrity, Security, and Privacy of information and users should remain intact while using these devices and thus they require an effective security system. Software‐defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function are the way to control and configure devices from a centralized location and have been proven to offer scalability and versatility to their deployed ecosystems. In this paper, we systematically review the adoption of SDN and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) for securing the IoT network from emerging threats. To this extent, we provide a comprehensive survey on security solutions based on SDN, Blockchain, NFV, and SDN/NFV proposed for the security of the IoT network. We have also identified open challenges in this domain which includes lack of standardization, low cost, and effective machine learning systems for identifying malicious traffic and handling great attack surface and different attack vectors. The deployed technologies exhibit positive strides in their usage for the provision of security in IoT environments offering security enhancements, scalability, and versatility.
Clinical spectrum, risk factors, and outcomes of children with laboratory‐confirmed influenza infection managed in a single tertiary hospital: A 6‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Al Ali Alya , Al Kuwaiti Najla , Al Kaabi Eiman , Al Kaabi Salwa , Al Kaabi Aysha , Narchi Hassib 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza is a highly contagious disease that causes severe illness each year. Data in the United Arab Emirates are scarce.ObjectivesTo study the seasonality, morbidity, mortality rate, and comorbidities associated with confirmed influenza infection in a tertiary hospital in Al‐Ain city, UAE.MethodsRetrospective study, from 2012 to 2017, of the electronic medical records in Tawam hospital, of children up to 15 years of age with laboratory‐confirmed influenza infection.ResultsThere were 1392 children, with the highest number in 2017 (n = 461, 33%). The incidence peaked between October and March. The infection was more common between 1 and 11 years of age (n = 948, 68%). The overall prevalence of influenza A (n = 1144, 82%) was higher than influenza B (n = 276, 19.8%). One‐third of the patients required admission. The commonest underlying comorbidity was asthma (n = 170, 12%). The two commonest complications were pneumonia (n = 165, 12%) and acute otitis media (n = 82, 6%).ConclusionOur findings serve as a benchmark for comparison with reports from other countries and need to be considered when reviewing the national vaccination program.
Using local weather stations to generate growing degree‐day data to predict the flowering pattern of an annual bluegrass fairway in Michigan
Authors: Calhoun Ronald N. , Frank Kevin W. , Hathaway Aaron D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSix 1‐yr observational studies were conducted from 2001 to 2006 at the Hancock Turfgrass Research Center in East Lansing, MI to characterize the timing, duration, and amplitude of annual bluegrass (AB) (Poa annua L.) seedhead emergence in a 10‐ to 15‐yr‐old AB fairway. The objective of this research was to collect data that could be used in the development of a growing degree‐day (GDD) model to predict AB seedhead emergence at other locations by using readily available weather station data. New GDD models were compared with previously published models. Plots were established on two adjacent perennial stands of AB maintained at 1.5 cm, receiving 0.5 to 0.6 cm of automatic daily irrigation throughout the growing season and 120 kg N ha–1 yr–1 from 2001 to 2006. The soil type is a Marlette sandy loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Oxyaquic Glossudalf). Line intersects and visual estimations of seedhead cover were evaluated multiple times throughout the spring seedhead emergence period. A base temperature of –5 °C most accurately predicted the onset, peak duration, and completion of the AB seedhead emergence period for all 5 yr. The final model flowering rate = (–3.331599 × 10–6 × gdd2) + (6.968782 × 10–3 × gdd) + –2.841894, accurately predicted (R2 = .64) flowering stages of an AB fairway turf over 6 yr in Michigan.
The association between periodontitis and lung function: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2012
Authors: Chen Hongru , Zhang Xiaofei , Luo Jia , Dong Xue , Jiang Xiubo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to explore the association between periodontitis and lung function in the United States.MethodsThe data was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009 to 2012. Periodontitis was defined following the CDC/AAP (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of periodontology) classification. Lung function measurements included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio. Linear regression and binary logistic regression were used to explore the association between periodontitis and lung function measurements. Restricted cubic spline was used to assess the dose–response relationships between the mean attachment loss (AL), the mean probing depth (PD) and spirometry‐defined airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC <0.7).ResultsA total of 6313 adults aged 30 years or older were included. Compared to those with non‐periodontitis, the multivariate‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of airflow obstruction for moderate and severe periodontitis were 1.38 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.75) and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.06 to 2.01), the β coefficients of FEV1 for moderate and severe periodontitis were ‐130.16 (95% CI: ‐172.30 to ‐88.01) and ‐160.46 (95% CI: ‐249.94 to ‐70.97), the β coefficients of FVC for moderate and severe periodontitis were ‐100.96 (95% CI: ‐155.08 to ‐46.85) and ‐89.89 (95% CI: ‐178.45 to ‐1.33), the β coefficients of FEV1/FVC for moderate and severe periodontitis were ‐0.01 (95% CI: ‐0.02 to ‐0.01) and ‐0.02 (95% CI: ‐0.03 to ‐0.01). In stratified analyses, the multivariate‐adjusted ORs of airflow obstruction for the moderate and severe periodontitis were 1.27 (95% CI: 0.84 to 1.93) and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.10 to 4.83) in former smokers, 1.84 (95% CI: 1.03 to 3.30) and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.02 to 3.16) in current smokers, with no significant association observed in never smokers. Mean clinical AL and mean PD were negatively associated with FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC in never, former, and current smokers. Dose‐response relationship analysis showed that the risk of airflow obstruction increased with increasing mean clinical AL and mean PD, and showed a non‐linear dose‐response relationship.ConclusionOur study suggested that moderate and severe periodontitis might be associated with the decline of lung function in the United States of America.
Serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2‐binding protein expression predicts disease severity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients
Authors: Jang Tyng‐Yuan , Huang Chung‐Feng , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Huang Ching‐I , Dai Chia‐Yen , Tsai Pei‐Chien , Hsu Po‐Yau , Wei Yi‐Ju , Hou Nai‐Jen , Liang Po‐Cheng , Lin Yi‐Hung , Wang Chih‐Wen , Hsieh Ming‐Yen , Lin Zu‐Yau , Huang Jee‐Fu , Yu Ming‐Lung , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe role of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2 binding protein (WFA+‐M2BP) in the prediction of disease severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains elusive. This study evaluated the performance of WFA+‐M2BP in predicting fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. A total of 80 patients with biopsy‐proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were enrolled. Serum WFA+‐M2BP levels were measured using standard methods. The fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index was also measured. The mean values of WFA+‐M2BP were 1.0, 1.0, 0.8, and 2.2 in Metavir fibrosis stage F0, F1, F2, and F3‐4, respectively (linear trend p = 0.005). The optimal cut‐off value of WFA+‐M2BP in predicting advanced fibrosis (F3‐4) was 1.37 cut‐off index (COI), yielding the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, and accuracy of 75.0, 79.4, 39.1, 94.7, and 78.7%, respectively (p < 0.001). Combining WFA+‐M2BP with FIB‐4 significantly increased the diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis, yielding specificity, PPV, and accuracy of 100, 100, and 93%, respectively. The significant factors predicting advanced liver fibrosis in the multivariate regression analysis were WFA+‐M2BP ≥ 1.37 COI (OR/confidence interval [CI]: 9.49/1.63–55.21, p = 0.01) and FIB‐4 ≥ 2.80 (OR/CI: 38.18/4.89–297.93, p = 0.001). Monitoring WFA+‐M2BP is suitable for noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in NASH patients, particularly in combination with FIB‐4.
Effective aspects of Jacobson radicals of rings
Authors: Wu Huishan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper studies effective aspects of Jacobson radicals of rings and their applications from the viewpoint of reverse mathematics. First, we propose four radicals of rings, showing that the first order (resp., second order) left and right Jacobson radical coincide in (resp., ). Second, we study Jacobson radicals in left (resp., right) local rings and show that the second order left and right Jacobson radical of left (resp., right) local rings coincide within . Third, we apply our results about Jacobson radicals of rings and local rings to study properties of left (resp., right) strongly indecomposable modules; furthermore, we study effective aspects of typical lemmas and theorems related to strongly indecomposable modules, and show that proves the Fitting Lemma as well as the Krull‐Schmidt‐Azumaya Theorem and that proves the Krull‐Schmidt Theorem.
Impact of Polymerization Process Parameters on Improved Comonomer Incorporation Behavior in Ziegler‐Natta Catalysis
Authors: Göpperl Lukas , Pernusch Daniel , Schwarz Julia , Paulik Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractZiegler‐Natta (ZN) based co‐polymerization processes for the production of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) generally give rise to a non‐uniform incorporation distribution of the comonomer. It has been shown that lowering the titanation temperature during catalyst synthesis can increase the evenness of this distribution. However, polymerization process parameters also affect the resulting incorporation distribution. To investigate these factors, a ZN system using a variety of comonomer‐types, at various ‐concentrations and polymerization temperatures is studied. The molecular properties of the polymer samples obtained are analyzed by high‐temperature size‐exclusion chromatography (HT‐SEC). It is shown that a more uniform incorporation distribution of the comonomer can be achieved by lowering either the polymerization temperature or the comonomer concentration, and that lowering both increases the effect.
Scalable multiple linear model RTDA controller formulation for constrained nonlinear processes
Authors: Haseena B. A. , Srinivasan K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRobustness, tracking, disturbance rejection and overall aggressiveness (RTDA) controller is a next generation control strategy with good robustness, tracking, and regulatory performance. This article proposes a scalable multiple linear model based RTDA (M‐RTDA) control scheme to handle nonlinear processes with or without constraints effectively. Multiple linear models at different operating regions are used to represent the nonlinear dynamics of the system. The optimal local linear models are identified using the gap metric based technique. The linear model and the corresponding RTDA controller at each operating region are combined to get a model‐controller unit. The output of each model controller unit is integrated using a fuzzy scheduling technique to ensure bumpless transfer. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated through simulation using nonlinear benchmark processes like pH neutralization and continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) process with constraints. The block diagram representation of the scalable M‐RTDA controller is developed, and the step‐by‐step procedure (algorithm) to implement the proposed concept is discussed. The proposed scalable multiple linear model scheme is easily reconfigurable as per the performance/operator requirement without affecting the other local RTDA controllers. The qualitative and quantitative performances are compared with the results of the direct extended multiple model based RTDA (DE‐RTDA) controller and dynamic matrix controller(DMC).
Laboratory study of an innovative concept to control aphid pests and mosquito vectors of pathogens to humans
Authors: Darriet Frédéric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDA great number of areas favourable for the proliferation of mosquitoes are found in farmland, the most favourable being market gardens and rice paddies. The only means of limiting crop pests (AGRI) and mosquito vectors of human pathogens (AC = antivectorial control) in agricultural environments consists of incorporating systemic or translaminar insecticides into fertilizers (AGRIAC). The plant used in this study was the chili pepper (Capsicum chinensis). Experiments were carried out with Myzus persicae aphid pests and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Fertilizers were applied in association with thiacloprid, cyromazine, azadirachtin and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) + Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) insecticides. Chili pepper seedlings were dried to assess the amount of insecticide in their tissues.RESULTSNPK + thiacloprid and NPK + azadirachtin remained efficient against aphids for 28 days, whereas Bti + Bs had to be added to both mixtures to make them efficient against Ae. albopictus larvae. NPK + cyromazine remained active against both aphids and mosquitoes for 15 days. The search for insecticide residues in chili pepper showed that untreated plants displayed natural toxicity to Ae. albopictus larvae. The toxic effects induced by the capsaicinoid compounds inside the plant add up to the insecticide action of thiacloprid, cyromazine and azadiractin.CONCLUSIONThe AGRIAC concept allows for an innovative vector control method that can manage aphid pests and mosquitoes while providing plants with the needed fertilizer.
Novel meta‐diamide insecticide, broflanilide, suppresses the population of common cutworm Spodoptera litura through its lethal and sublethal effects
Authors: Shen Ning , Liu Huai‐Yu , Mou Tong‐Yu , Ma Yi‐Bo , Li Yao , Song Zi‐Jiao , Tang Tao , Han Zhao‐Jun , Zhao Chun‐Qing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBroflanilide has been registered in China for the control of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera pests, and is widely used to control the target pests at lethal and sublethal levels. The lethal and sublethal effects of broflanilide on the common cutworm (CCW) Spodoptera litura Fabricius, a representative Lepidopteran pest in agricultural crops, were examined to explore its ecological influence on pests.RESULTSIn F0, broflanilide had little influence on the hatchability of eggs, but significantly reduced the neonate survival rate. The lethal activity of broflanilide towards third‐instar larvae and adults was 0.13 mg kg–1 (LD50) and 3.59 mg L–1 (LC50) respectively at 48 h. After being treated with a sublethal dose (LD10 and LD30) of broflanilide, the duration of third‐ to sixth‐instar larvae and the mean fecundity of reproductive females were significantly increased, but pupation rate, weight of pupae and life‐cycle rate were significantly decreased. In F1, the duration of F1 larvae and the doubling time were prolonged, whereas the rates of pupation and the life cycle were decreased by 14.92% and 18.00%, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase and net reproductive rate in the sublethal group were lower than in the control group. The relative fitness of F1 treated by LD10 and LD30 was 0.81 and 0.66, respectively.CONSLUSIONBroflanilide not only has highly lethal activity, but also suppresses the population growth and progeny of CCW, as a critical factor for guidelines of its usage in the field.
Contrasting dedicated model transformation languages versus general purpose languages: a historical perspective on ATL versus Java based on complexity and size
Authors: Höppner Stefan , Kehrer Timo , Tichy Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractModel transformations are among the key concepts of model-driven engineering (MDE), and dedicated model transformation languages (MTLs) emerged with the popularity of the MDE pssaradigm about 15 to 20 years ago. MTLs claim to increase the ease of development of model transformations by abstracting from recurring transformation aspects and hiding complex semantics behind a simple and intuitive syntax. Nonetheless, MTLs are rarely adopted in practice, there is still no empirical evidence for the claim of easier development, and the argument of abstraction deserves a fresh look in the light of modern general purpose languages (GPLs) which have undergone a significant evolution in the last two decades. In this paper, we report about a study in which we compare the complexity and size of model transformations written in three different languages, namely (i) the Atlas Transformation Language (ATL), (ii) Java SE5 (2004–2009), and (iii) Java SE14 (2020); the Java transformations are derived from an ATL specification using a translation schema we developed for our study. In a nutshell, we found that some of the new features in Java SE14 compared to Java SE5 help to significantly reduce the complexity of transformations written in Java by as much as 45%. At the same time, however, the relative amount of complexity that stems from aspects that ATL can hide from the developer, which is about 40% of the total complexity, stays about the same. Furthermore we discovered that while transformation code in Java SE14 requires up to 25% less lines of code, the number of words written in both versions stays about the same. And while the written number of words stays about the same their distribution throughout the code changes significantly. Based on these results, we discuss the concrete advancements in newer Java versions. We also discuss to which extent new language advancements justify writing transformations in a general purpose language rather than a dedicated transformation language. We further indicate potential avenues for future research on the comparison of MTLs and GPLs in a model transformation context.
The emergent past: past natural and human disturbances of trees can reduce their present resistance to drought stress
Authors: Pretzsch Hans 
Published: November 2021

AbstractForest tree growth is primarily explained, modelled, and predicted depending on current age or size, environmental conditions, and competitive status in the stand. The accumulated size is commonly used as a proxy for a tree's past development. However, recent studies suggest that antecedent conditions may impact present growth by epigenetic, transcriptional, proteomic, or metabolic changes alongside physiological and structural properties. Here, I analysed the ecological memory effect embedded in the xylem as a tree-ring structure. I used 35 mature Norway spruces (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) and 36 European beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) of the Kranzberg Forest water retention experiment KROOF in South Germany to scrutinise how their past development determines the growth of control plots and plots with 5-year water retention. I hypothesised that the current size and growing conditions determine tree growth and drought stress resistance. Metrics quantifying the trees’ recent and past growth, and correlation and linear mixed models with random effects revealed the following ecological memory effects. (1) For both species, the progressive growth course, low inter-annual growth variation in the long term, and low growth deflections in the recent past increased the growth resistance to drought. (2) The correlation between the past growth metrics and current stress reactions revealed that legacy effects could reach back 5–30 years; I found short- and long-term ecological memory. (3) Parameters of model prediction of the basic model with only size as a predictor of tree growth could be improved. The results suggest differences in the internal stem structure and ring pattern cause-specific differences in the trees' functioning and growth. I conclude that a long-term progressive increase and low variation in ring width may improve water conduction and reduce embolism in both species. Annual growth variation and low growth events in the recent past may have primed the morphology and allocation of the Norway spruce to better resist drought. The strong reduction in current growth, drought resistance by irregular growth, and past growth disturbances reveal a memory effect embedded in the tree ring pattern, suggesting further exploration and consideration in tree monitoring, growth modelling, and silvicultural prescriptions.