bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferred Intra-seasonal Circulation Patterns of the Indian Summer Monsoon and Active-Break Cycles
Authors: Straus David Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Intra-Seasonal circulation regimes are identified from a cluster analysis of 5-day mean (pentad) anomaly fields of 850 hPa horizontal winds (u,v)from the ERA-Interim reanalysis for the boreal summer season (120 days starting 01June for the years 1979 - 2018) over the broad Indian region (50 o -100 o E; 5 o S - 35 o N). The anomalies are formed with respect to a parabolic (in time) seasonal cycle computed separately for each year, thus filtering out periods of greater than 240 days. The k-means method was applied in the phase space of the leading 6 (12) principal component modes, which explain 65% (78%) of the space-time variance, yielding k clusters. The degree of clustering is significant when compared to synthetic data sets for any value of k > 3.

The transition matrices for k=4 and k=5 establish that the system is most likely to stay in the same cluster from one pentad to the next, but that the significant transitions (with 95% confidence level using a modified bootstrap method) form a cycle. The similarity between the cycle as depicted from 4 or 5 clusters is established by composites of 850 hPa (u,v,), 200 hPa divergence, 500 hPa vorticity and vertical pressure velocity, and daily rainfall over India: Strong convection (with large positive divergence and vorticity) over the subtropical Indian Ocean, moves to the central Bay of Bengal and over central India, then subsequently to the northern Bay of Bengal and west Bengal, and then further north into the Himalayas. The Indian rainfall composites show a similar cycle. The phases in which strong convection is seen over central and northern India are seen for about 60% of the time for both k=4 and k=5 analyses. However the 4 cluster analysis also shows a preferred transition in which the convection moves equatorward from central India.

The number of complete cycles (including a return to the starting cluster) found in the 40 years of data is 7 in the 4-cluster analysis, while the number of times the system undergoes four (three) consecutive legs of the cycle is 16 (31). Fewer instances of complete cycles are found for 5 clusters (only 3), but sequences of five, four and three consecutive legs occur 10, 11 and 28 times respectively.

Composites of the tropics-wide vertically integrated diabatic heating (estimated from ERA5 reanalyses) reproduce the characteristics of the boreal summer intra-seasonal oscillation, with northwest-to-southeast oriented bands of heating moving northward from the tropical Indian Ocean into the subtropics.

This depiction of the active-break cycle is particularly useful for diagnosing the cycle in short-range forecasts: as long as pentad anomalies can be formed, they can be assigned to one of the observed clusters described in this paper without the need for further time-filtering.
Porcine Cysticercosis Seroprevalence and Potential Transmission Risk Factors in Iringa District Council, Tanzania
Authors: Kajuna Flora F , Mwang’onde Beda J , Holst Christine , Ngowi Bernard , Sukums Felix , Noll Josef , Winkler Andrea S. , Ngowi Helena A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Porcine cysticercosis is endemic in Tanzania, especially in the southern, central part and northern highlands of the country. The disease reduces meat quality and affects pig industry. This study investigated porcine cysticercosis prevalence and possible risk factors for reference in preparation for sustainable control measures.
Methods

Current seroprevalence and potential risk factors were studied in selected ward/villages of Iringa district council, in the southern highland of Tanzania, prior to a digital health education intervention. A total of 346 pigs from 88 households of Izazi, Migoli and Mlowa wards were studied using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which detects Taenia species antigens (Ag) in sera. Questionnaire used to dig information on pig management and sanitation and hygiene practices.
Results

The AgELISA detected 22.3% of the surveyed pigs as positive for porcine cysticercosis. The detected porcine cysticercosis seropositivity ranged between 21.3% and 25.7% per individual ward, with at least one seropositive pig in 53.4% of the surveyed households. Confining pigs was significantly related to low porcine cysticercosis seropositivity (OR = 2.426; 95% CI = 1.202–5.300; p = 0.026), whereas scavenging pigs had two times chance of being Ag-ELISA seropositive.
Conclusions

Pig confinement and feeding skills and community sensitization on hygiene and sanitation are recommended. Therefore, practical ways of delivering health education to rural communities such as the studied community should be investigated.
Lemierre's Syndrome: A Case of a Large Inflammatory Neck Mass with Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis and Literature Review of Its Surgical Intervention
Authors: Shen Yilin , Ye Bin , Da Qian , Wang Chaofu , Xiang Mingliang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Lemierre's syndrome is a fatal and rare disease that is typically characterized by oropharyngeal infection and internal jugular vein thrombosis. Timely application of appropriate antibiotics is the standard treatment. However, when conservative medical treatment fails to have effect, surgical intervention may be the only effective option for controlling the source of infection. Case presentation: The authors report a case of Lemierre's syndrome with a large inflammatory neck mass involving left internal jugular vein thrombosis that was cured by surgical treatment. In addition, a literature review was carried out through PubMed using the terms “Lemierre’s syndrome/disease and review, meta-analysis or retrospective study” and “Lemierre’s syndrome/disease and internal jugular vein”. This search yielded 6 articles that recorded the surgical rate in detail. Conclusion: The purpose of this review was to summarize the conditions under which surgical treatment are conducted. Additionally, this is the first report of such a large inflammatory neck mass that was completely cured by surgical resection and internal jugular vein ligation. The authors further offer several conclusions regarding surgical intervention in Lemierre’s syndrome.
Knowledge, and Practice of Mothers and Its Associated Factors on Colostrum Feeding of Neonates at Este (Mekane-eyesus), South Gondar Amhara, North West, Ethiopia: Community Based Cross-sectional Study 2020
Authors: Wubet Gashaw Mehiret , Zemamu Libsuye Yalgaw , Adan Gashaw Mekete , Getu Bisrat Desie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction - Feeding of human breast milk, especially colostrum, is the normative standards for infants and regarded as a complete form of nutrition. The positive health benefits of breastfeeding/breast milk feeding as part of caring for premature, sick and vulnerable newborns are well documented in the scientific literature.Objective -To assess the knowledge and practice of mothers and its contributing factors on colostrum feeding of newborn at Este (Mekane Eyesus), south Gondar Amhara ,north west, ethiopia,2020Method – community-based cross sectional study design was conducted among 376 mothers, from March 10/2020 to May 2020. The study participants were selected by multistage sampling technique after selecting 02 urban and 03 rural kebeles by simple random sampling technique. Each participant was also selected from household after determining and proportionately allocating of samples in each selected kebeles. During selection of participants, house to house visit was made. To select the study participants from each household, Kth interval was determined for each proportionally allocated 3rural and 02 urban kebeles. Multivariable binary logistic regression model was fitted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were computed to determine the strength of association between each variable with milk teeth extraction. Variables with P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Result - knowledge of mothers about colostrum feeding was 86.4 % [95% CI: ( 83.0-89.6)] whereas the overall practice of mothers about colostrum feeding was found to be 98.4% [95%, CI :( 96.8-99.5)]. counseling about colostrum feeding [AOR: 31.1(10.35, 93.2] were significantly associated with knowledge of mothers about colostrum feeding. Regarding to practice of mothers on colostrum feeding mothers’ the place of delivery at home [AOR: 20.00(2.30, 173.8] was significantly associated with practice of mothers about colostrum feeding.Conclusion - Discarding of colostrum (first milk) is still common in Este (Mekane Eyesus) and the surrounding rural kebeles. The current knowledge and practice level of colostrum feeding among mothers was 96.4% and 98.4% respectively and which was considered being high when compared the study conducted in Northern Ethiopia and post-natal educations in health institutions.
Management of an Early Onset Sepsis with COVID19 in a Premature Neonate - A Case Report
Authors: Kaveh Mahbod , sadatinejad seyyed Mohsen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: neonates appear to be less affected by COVID-19 than adults. The overall challenge has been for all medical specialties, including neonatal intensive care. Unfortunately, current knowledge about severe acute respiratory distress syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is limited. Case presentation: In this report, we present an ill premature neonate who were born from mother with negative nasopharyngeal swab test for SARS-COV-2. On the 5th day of life, baby developed respiratory distress. Nasopharyngeal swab test for SARS-COV-2 was positive. Intubation and intratracheal surfactant was implemented. Patient was treated with Intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroid over a period of 14 days. Conclusion: The basis of treatment in neonatal covid19 is supportive care. Some studies have treated infants with various drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine, Favipiravir, and Remedsivir. In our case, we used corticosteroids and IVIg to treat a 5-day-old baby. We got good results after 2 weeks of treatment with dexamethasone 0.3 mg / kg per day and 2 g / kg IVIg (in three divided doses). It seems that these treatments, along with adjuvant ventilation and the use of endotracheal surfactants, can improve the patient's general condition.
Energetic Glaucoma Segmentation and Classification Strategies using Depth Optimized Machine Learning Strategies
Authors: V ELIZABETH JESI , ASLAM SHABNAM MOHAMED , G RAMKUMAR , M SUJATHA , A ANUSHYA , CHRISTO MARY SUBAJA 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Glaucoma is a major threatening cause, in which it affects the optical nerve to lead a permanent blindness to individuals. The major causes of Glaucoma are high pressure to eyes, family history, irregular sleeping habits and so on. These kinds of causes leads to Glaucoma easily as well as the affection to such disease leads a heavy damage to the internal optic nervous system and the affected person will get permanent blindness within few months. The eye fluid called aqueous humor is getting blocked inside due to Glaucoma, in normal cases sometimes the fluid comes out from the eye via mesh perspective channel, but this Glaucoma blocks that channel and causes the fluid to getting locked inside and provides the permanent blockage inside. So, that the eyes are getting severe affections such as infection, random blindness in initial stages and so on. The World Health Organization analyzes and reports nearly 80 million people around the globe are affected due to some form of Glaucoma. The major problem with this disease is it is incurable, however, the affection stages can be reduced and maintain the same level of affection as it is for the long period but it is possible only earlier stages of identification. This Glaucoma causes structural affection to the eye ball and it is complex to estimate the cause during regular diagnosis. In medical terms, the Cup to Disc Ratio (CDR) is minimized to the Glaucoma patients suddenly and leads a harmful damage to one's eye in severe manner. The general way to identify the Glaucoma is to take Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) test, in which it captures the uncovered portion of eye ball (backside) and it is an efficient way to visualize diverse portions of eyes with optical nerve visibility is shown clearly. The OCT images are mainly used to identify the diseases like Glaucoma with proper and robust accuracy levels. In this paper, a new methodology is introduced to identify the Glaucoma on earlier stages called Depth Optimized Machine Learning Strategy (DOMLS), in which it adapts the new optimization logic called Modified K-Means Optimization Logic (MkMOL) to provide best accuracy in results and the proposed approach assures the accuracy level of more than 96.2% with least error rate of 0.002%. This paper focuses on the identification of early stage of Glaucoma and provides an efficient solution to people in case of affection by such disease using OCT images. The exact position point out is handled by using Region of Interest (ROI) based optical region selection, in which it is easy to point the Optical Cup (OC) and Optical Disc (OD). The proposed algorithm of DOMLS proves the accuracy levels in estimation of Glaucoma and shows the practical proofs on resulting section in clear manner.
Balloon Assisted, Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous Thrombin Injection of a Large Radial Artery Pseudoaneurysm Using a Trans-Venous Approach via an Ipsilateral Arteriovenous Fistula.
Authors: Gregory Mark , Guest Mike , Abdeen Islam , Steiner Kate 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Pseudoaneurysm formation is known to complicate arteriovenous haemodialysis access. Ultrasound guided thrombin injection is a recognised treatment option, but is not possible in pseudoaneurysms with no measurable neck. Balloon assisted techniques have been described in such cases, which transiently obstruct flow out of the pseudoaneurysm and thereby prevent non-target embolization during ultrasound guided percutaneous thrombin injection. We describe a novel balloon assisted technique for the treatment of a radial artery pseudoaneurysm, via retrograde access from the draining cephalic vein of an arteriovenous fistula. Method: A 61 year old male with a radio-cephalic fistula was found on duplex ultrasound to have a large radial artery pseudoaneurysm with no measurable neck, as well as a juxta-anastomotic cephalic vein stenosis. Endovascular treatment was selected over open surgery. Retrograde cephalic venous access was established, which allowed for concurrent treatment of both the venous stenosis and the arterial pseudoaneurysm. After balloon dilation of the juxta-anastomotic stenosis, a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon catheter was advanced across the arteriovenous anastomosis and inflated across the neck of the radial artery pseudoaneurysm, to transiently obstruct blood flow. This allowed for safe injection of thrombin into the pseudoaneurysm by direct ultrasound guided sac puncture; thereby achieving thrombosis. Conclusions: Balloon assisted ultrasound guided thrombin injection is an endovascular treatment option that can obviate the need for open surgery in cases involving pseudoaneurysms with no measurable neck. The novel technique described allowed both concurrent treatment of a juxta-anastomotic venous stenosis and treatment of an arterial pseudoaneurysm from a single venous puncture. This technique avoided arterial access and its inherent complications.
Anlotinib Potentially Eliminates Leukemia Stem Cells and Modulates the Chemosensitivity via Inhibiting JAK2-STAT3/5 Signaling
Authors: Jiang Yuelong , Ｌｉｕ Long , Li Zhifeng , Feng Liying , Lin Zhijuan , Chen Qiuling , Chen Guoshu , He Jixiang , Li Guowei , Jiang Yirong , Xu Bing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) remain as the critical barrier to cure of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to its chemoresistance. Here, we explore the role anlotinib -a multiple tyrosine kinases inhibitor in killing LSCs and regulating the chemoresistance. We found anlotinib could effectively induce apoptosis of LSC-like cells as well as primary CD34+ AML LSCs while sparing the normal mononuclear cells in vitro. The anti-leukemia activity of anlotinib was also confirmed in the mice model with Kasumi-1 cells; we further found that anlotinib could impair the regeneration capacity of LSCs in the patient-derived leukemia xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, anlotinib could not only inhibit phosphorylation of c-kit and JAK2 /STAT3 and STAT5 but also downregulate STAT3 and STAT5 expression. In addition, anlotinib downregulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl and upregulated Bax, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of LSCs to idarubicin in vitro. In conclusion, our results demonstrated anlotinib showed anti-LSCs activity and enhanced the chemosensitivity via inhibiting JAK2/STAT signaling in preclinical study and provided a rational basis for combinatory strategies that invoving anlotinib and idarubicin.
White Matter Damage as a Consequence of Vascular Dysfunction in a Spontaneous Mouse Model of Chronic Hypoperfusion with eNOS Deficiency
Authors: Chen Xingyong , Chen Ling , Lin Geng , Kodali Mahesh Chandra , Li Mingqi , Lebovitz Sarah Grace , Ortyl Tyler C. , Li LeXiao , Ismael Saifudeen , Singh Purnima , Malik Kafait U , Ishrat Tauheed G , Zheng Wei , Liao Francesca-Fang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, the mechanistic insights into the evolution and progression of VCID are not fully understood. White matter change represents an invariant feature of both VCID and AD. Compelling clinical neuroimaging and pathological evidence suggest a link between white matter changes and neurodegeneration. Our prior study detected non-perfusion lesions in mice with partial deficiency of endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) expression at a very young age. These lesions developed in multiple brain regions in an age-dependent manner, precisely matching to those hypoperfused areas identified in preclinical AD patients (i.e., temporoparietal and retrosplenial granular cortexes, and hippocampus). We therefore reasoned that eNOS- deficient mice could serve as a spontaneous model of chronic hypoperfusion.Methods/Results: White matter tracts are particularly susceptible to the vascular damage induced by chronic hypoperfusion. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected massive demyelination in the middle aged eNOS-deficient mice. The demyelinated areas were confined to cortical and subcortical areas including the corpus callosum and hippocampus, but did not involve the striatum. The intensity of demyelination correlated with behavioral gait deficits. By Evans blue angiography, we detected blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage as another early pathological change affecting frontal and parietal cortex in eNOS-deficient mice, which occurs in as early as 3-4 months of age. Sodium nitrate fortified drinking water provided to young and middle aged eNOS-deficient mice completely prevented non-perfusion, BBB leakage, and white matter pathology, indicating that impaired endothelium-derived NO signaling may have caused these pathological events. Conclusions: Using eNOS-deficient mice, we identified BBB breakdown and non-perfusion as the two earliest pathological events, resulting from insufficient vascular NO signaling. We speculate that the compromised BBB and chronic hypoperfusion trigger vascular damage, along with oxidative stress and astrogliosis, accounting for the white matter pathological changes in the eNOS-deficient mouse model. We conclude that eNOS-deficient mice represent an ideal spontaneous evolving model for studying the earliest events leading to spontaneous white matter changes, which will be instrumental to future therapeutic testing of drug candidates and for targeting novel/specific vascular mechanisms contributing to VCID and AD.
Dexamethasone and Some Commonly Used Drugs Inhibit MCT8-mediated T3 Transport in Vitro
Authors: Cosmo Caterina Di , De Marco Giuseppina , Agretti Patrizia , Ferrarini Eleonora , Dimida Antonio , Falcetta Pierpaolo , Benvenga Salvatore , Vitti Paolo , Tonacchera Massimo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is the first thyroid hormone transporter that has been linked to a human disease. Besides genetic alterations other factors might impair MCT8 activity. To investigate whether some common drugs can inhibit MCT8-mediated T3 transport, [125I]T3 uptake and efflux were measured in COS-7 cells transiently transfected with hMCT8 before and after exposure to increasing concentrations of drugs. The mode of inhibition was also determined. Dexamethasone inhibited T3 uptake at 10 μM; hydrocortisone reduced T3 uptake at 500 and 1000 μM; prednisone and prednisolone were devoid of inhibitory potential. Amiodarone caused a reduction of T3 uptake by MCT8 only at the highest concentrations used (44% at 50 μM and 68% at 100 μM), this effect was weaker than that produced by desethylamiodarone and dronedarone; buspirone resulted a potent inhibitor, reducing T3 uptake even at low concentrations. L-carnitine inhibited T3 uptake only at 500 mM and 1 M. Kinetic experiments revealed a noncompetitive mode of inhibition for all compounds. All drugs inhibiting T3 uptake did not affect T3 release. This study shows a novel effect of some common drugs, which is inhibition of T3 transport mediated by MCT8. Specifically, dexamethasone, buspirone, desethylamiodarone, dronedarone behave as potent inhibitors of MCT8.
A Comparative Study on the Bilateral Areolar Endoscopic Approach Versus the Conventional Open Approach for Thyroidectomy
Authors: ma xiao , Xia Qi-Jun , Song Yun-Tao , Wang Tian-Xiao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: To compare the safety, advantages and disadvantages of thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) via the bilateral areolar endoscopic approach (BAA) and the conventional open approach (COA).Methods: Eighty-six female patients who underwent thyroidectomy were enrolled and divided into two groups, 42 in the BAA group and 44 in the COA group, according to aesthetic requirements. The operating time, blood loss during surgery, number of dissected lymph nodes, length of hospital stay, drainage removal time and surgical complications between the two surgical approaches were compared. The pain score and cosmetic results of operative incisions were evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS).Results: Patients in the BAA group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss and a significantly shorter scar length (P < 0.001) than those in the COA group. However, the operation time of 97.6 minutes in the BAA group was significantly longer than that in the COA group (76.4 minutes; P < 0.001). Comparison of the number of central lymph nodes (CLNs) dissected, drainage removal time and length of hospital stay revealed no significant differences (P>0.05). Patients in the BAA group experienced significantly less pain than those in the COA group (P<0.001). Similarly, patients were significantly more satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes resulting from the BAA than from the COA (P <0.001).Conclusions: These results show that BAA thyroidectomy exhibits superior advantages in clinical outcomes, such as causing less pain and achieving better cosmetic satisfaction, compared with COA thyroidectomy. Therefore, BAA thyroidectomy is a safe and ideal surgical method for DTC.