bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ultrabroadband 3D achromatic metalens
Authors: Balli Fatih , Sultan Mansoor A. , Ozdemir Aytekin , Hastings Jeffrey Todd 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We design and fabricate ultra-broadband achromatic metalenses operating from the visible into the short-wave infrared, 450–1700 nm, with diffraction-limited performance. A hybrid 3D architecture, which combines nanoholes with a phase plate, allows realization in low refractive index materials. As a result, two-photon lithography can be used for prototyping while molding can be used for mass production. Experimentally, a 0.27 numerical aperture (NA) metalens exhibits 60% average focusing efficiency and 6% maximum focal length error over the entire bandwidth. In addition, a 200 μm diameter, 0.04 NA metalens was used to demonstrate achromatic imaging over the same broad spectral range. These results show that 3D metalens architectures yield excellent performance even using low-refractive index materials, and that two-photon lithography can produce metalenses operating at visible wavelengths.
Plasmon extinguishment by bandedge shift identified as a second-order spectroscopic differentiation
Authors: Zhang Xinping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Optical excitation of metallic nanostructures induces strong intraband transitions, leaving transient depletion below the Fermi level, which allows transient interband transition to this depletion band. This is equivalent to the lowering of the threshold for interband transitions and pushes the plasmonic band to the red. As a result, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is “extinguished” or “quenched” around the bandedge, in contrast, the interband optical absorption becomes enhanced and redshifted. The corresponding transient absorption (TA) signals have equal lifetimes and opposite signs. Moreover, the TA spectrum is found to be a second-order differential of the steady-state optical extinction spectrum over the studied band. This is a commonly existing mechanism for metallic nanostructures and verified with gold in this work. Such a discovery is completely different from the optical-excitation-induced redshift of LSPR through enhanced electronic scattering and is important for understanding the ultrafast spectroscopic response of plasmonic nanostructures with clear photophysical insights, supplying solid basis for exploring optical logic device and optical data processing techniques.
Dual functionality metamaterial enables ultra-compact, highly sensitive uncooled infrared sensor
Authors: Tao Jin , Liang Zhongzhu , Zeng Guang , Meng Dejia , Smith David R. , Liu Qing Huo , Yang Qingrui , Zhang Menglun , Pang Wei , Liang Jingqiu , Bourouina Tarik 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cointegration and coupling a perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) together with a film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) in a monolithic fashion is introduced for the purpose of producing ultracompact uncooled infrared sensors of high sensitivity. An optimized ultrathin multilayer stack was implemented to realize the proposed device. It is experimentally demonstrated that the resonance frequency of the FBAR can be used efficiently as a sensor output as it downshifts linearly with the intensity of the incident infrared irradiation. The resulting sensor also achieves a high absorption of 88% for an infrared spectrum centered at a wavelength of 8.2 μm. The structure is compact and can be easily integrated on a CMOS-compatible chip since both the FBAR and PMA utilize and share the same stack of metal and dielectric layers.
Spectral imaging and spectral LIDAR systems: moving toward compact nanophotonics-based sensing
Authors: Li Nanxi , Ho Chong Pei , Wang I-Ting , Pitchappa Prakash , Fu Yuan Hsing , Zhu Yao , Lee Lennon Yao Ting 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the emerging trend of big data and internet-of-things, sensors with compact size, low cost and robust performance are highly desirable. Spectral imaging and spectral LIDAR systems enable measurement of spectral and 3D information of the ambient environment. These systems have been widely applied in different areas including environmental monitoring, autonomous driving, biomedical imaging, biometric identification, archaeology and art conservation. In this review, modern applications of state-of-the-art spectral imaging and spectral LIDAR systems in the past decade have been summarized and presented. Furthermore, the progress in the development of compact spectral imaging and LIDAR sensing systems has also been reviewed. These systems are based on the nanophotonics technology. The most updated research works on subwavelength scale nanostructure-based functional devices for spectral imaging and optical frequency comb-based LIDAR sensing works have been reviewed. These compact systems will drive the translation of spectral imaging and LIDAR sensing from table-top toward portable solutions for consumer electronics applications. In addition, the future perspectives on nanophotonics-based spectral imaging and LIDAR sensing are also presented.
Nanoscale structural characterization of plasmon-driven reactions
Authors: Li Zhandong , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Illumination of noble metal nanostructures by electromagnetic radiation induces coherent oscillations of conductive electrons on their surfaces. These coherent oscillations of electrons, also known as localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR), are the underlying physical cause of the electromagnetic enhancement of Raman scattering from analytes located in a close proximity to the metal surface. This physical phenomenon is broadly known as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). LSPR can decay via direct interband, phonon-assisted intraband, and geometry-assisted transitions forming hot carriers, highly energetic species that are responsible for a large variety of chemical transformations. This review critically discusses the most recent progress in mechanistic elucidation of hot carrier-driven chemistry and catalytic processes at the nanoscale. The review provides a brief description of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), modern analytical technique that possesses single-molecule sensitivity and angstrom spatial resolution, showing the advantage of this technique for spatiotemporal characterization of plasmon-driven reactions. The review also discusses experimental and theoretical findings that reported novel plasmon-driven reactivity which can be used to catalyze redox, coupling, elimination and scissoring reactions. Lastly, the review discusses the impact of the most recently reported findings on both plasmonic catalysis and TERS imaging.
The crystal structure of methyl 5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate, C7H6F3NO2
Authors: Yang De-Zheng , Gao Ting , Zhao Chun-Shen , Chai Hui-Fang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C7H6F3NO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.3688(4) Å, b = 10.6836(3) Å, c = 14.4518(5) Å, β = 112.5320(10)°, V = 1621.32(9) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0554, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1647, T = 170 K.
Crystal structure of (OC‐6‐13)‐aqua‐tris (3‐bromopyridine‐κ1
N)‐bis(trifluoroacetato‐κ1
O)cadmium(II) C19H14Br3CdF6N3O5
Authors: Zhang Lan , Wang Lu , Ding Wu-Xiu , Wang Qiang , Chen Meng-Juan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C19H14Br3CdF6N3O5, triclinic, P

1
‾

$&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.2591(4) Å, b = 9.6573(5) Å, c = 16.9256(9) Å, α = 102.707(2) Å, β = 96.854(2) Å, γ = 112.550(2) Å, V = 1328.20(12) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F
2) = 0.0291, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0625, T = 150.15 K.
The crystal structure of bis(ethanol-kO)- bis(6-aminopicolinato-k2
N,O)manganese(II), C16H22O6N4Mn
Authors: Xi-Shi Tai , Li-Li Zhang , Li-Li Liu , Shu-Hua Cao , Li-Hua Wang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C16H22O6N4Mn, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.4412(6) Å, b = 8.2273(7) Å, c = 8.6693(7) Å, α = 72.516(7)°, β = 76.827(7)°, γ = 63.444(9)°, V = 450.08(7) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0378, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0755, T = 150(1) K.
The crystal structure of 3,3′-((carbonylbis(azanediyl))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl)) bis(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium) tetrafluoroborate monohydrate, C21H28N6O3B2F8
Authors: Dong Zhi-Yun , Xi Fu-Gui , Xu Xing-Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C21H28N6O3B2F8, orthorhombic, Pccn (no. 56), a = 17.7949(19) Å, b = 9.3979(10) Å, c = 15.3455(16) Å, V = 2566.3(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0567, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1846, T = 296(2) K.
Figure–Ground Spatial Relationships in Finnish Sign Language Discourse
Authors: De Weerdt Danny 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study is about expressing spatial relationships between Figure and Ground in Finnish Sign Language discourse and shows that the variation in this expression is primarily discourse dependent. The main findings are, first, that Ground mainly precedes Figure whether the Figure is new or a known referent within the discourse; the reverse order is possible only when the Figure is known. Second, the lexical signolla(‘have’) appears more frequently in expressing spatial relationships with a new Figure and less frequently with a known Figure but never in a construction with Figure preceding Ground; the formoli(‘had’), referring to the past, appears only in Figure preceding Ground constructions when Figure is known. Finally, the main way to express the spatial relationship between Ground and Figure is either the simultaneous production of the units, or Ground and an adposition sign. A sequential strategy is another way of expressing spatial relationships but this can be used only when the Figure is new within the discourse. The choice of strategy can be attributed to the emphasis put on the Figure’s presence when it is new while with a known Figure, the emphasis is on the location of that Figure.
Human vs computer: What effect does the source of information have on cognitive performance and achievement goal orientation?
Authors: Spatola Nicolas , Chevalère Johann , Lazarides Rebecca 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The increasing presence of computers in society calls for the need to better understand how differently the sociocognitive mechanisms involved in natural human relationships operate in human–robot interactions. In the present study, we investigated one fundamental aspect often neglected in the literatures on psychology and educational sciences: how the source of information, either human or computer, influences its perceived reliability and modulates cognitive and motivational processes. In Experiment 1, participants performed a reasoning task that presented cues following participants’ errors, helping them to succeed in the task. Using two levels of task difficulty, we manipulated the source of the cues as either a human or a computer. In addition to task accuracy, Experiment 2 assessed the impact of the information source on socially and nonsocially related dimensions of achievement goals. In Experiment 1, participants who believed that they received cues from a human teacher performed better on difficult trials compared to those who believed that they received cues from a computer. In Experiment 2, we replicated these findings by additionally showing that the nature of the source only had an impact on the socially related dimension of achievement goals, which in turn mediated the source’s effect on reasoning performance. For the first time, the present study showed modulations of cognitive and motivational processes resulting from the manipulation of the type of information source aimed at providing assistance with a reasoning task. The findings highlight the importance of considering the social and motivational aspects involved in human–computer interactions.
Multiphysics modeling of porous ferrogels at finite strains
Authors: Gebhart Philipp , Attaran Abdolhamid , Wallmersperger Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPorous ferrogels are a new class of magnetoactive composite materials that consist of a polymeric hydrogel matrix with embedded magnetizable particles. The mutual particle interaction within the soft elastic matrix enables ferrogels to deform and alter their material characteristics upon magnetic stimulation. Due to these unique properties, ferrogels have attracted significant attention for potential uses in a variety of engineering applications, especially in biomedical engineering and microfluidics. Therefore, it is crucial to develop precise mathematical models capturing the complex material behavior of ferrogels, which spans over multiple length scales. The aim of this work is to present suitable modeling approaches for porous ferrogels. Following the hierarchical structure of scales, we present modeling frameworks for two different scenarios: (i) the modeling of ferrogels at the macroscale level and (ii) the modeling of ferrogels at the microscale level. Regarding the constitutive modeling of ferrogels, we limit our attention to locally nondissipative isotropic material response. For both modeling approaches, we provide comprehensive variational principles and briefly discuss relevant ingredients of a stable finite element implementation. In each section, numerical simulations are outlined in order to demonstrate the capabilities and relevant features of each modeling approach. Main emphasis of the numerical studies lies on the investigation of the macroscopic shape effect as well as on the characterization of the magnetomechanical material response of ferrogels with random monodisperse microstructures.
Shaping the future energy markets with hybrid multimicrogrids by sequential least squares programming
Authors: Fracas Paolo , Camarda Kyle V. , Zondervan Edwin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a techno-economic model of two interconnected hybrid microgrids (MGs) whose electricity and thermal dispatch strategy are managed with Sequential Least Squares Programming (SLSQP) optimization technique. MGs combine multiple thermal and electric power generation, transmission, and distribution systems as a whole, to gain a tight integration of weather-dependent distributed renewable generators with multiple stochastic load profiles. Moreover MGs allow to achieve an improvement in the return of investment and better cost of energy. The first part of the work deals with a method to obtain an accurate prediction of climate variables. This method makes use of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and polynomial regression to manipulate climate datasets issued by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The second part of the work is focused on the optimization of interconnected MGs operations through the SLSQP algorithm. The objective is to obtain the best financial performance (IRR) when clean distributed energy resources (DERs) are exchanging both thermal and electric energy. SLSQP optimizes the energy flows by balancing their contribution with their nominal Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). The proposed algorithm is used to simulate innovative business scenarios where revenue streams are generated via sales of energy to end users, sell backs and deliveries of demand response services to the other grids. A business case dealing with two MGs providing clean thermal and electric energies to household communities nearby the city of Bremen (Germany) is examined in the last part of the work. This business case with a payback in two years, an internal rate of return (IRR) at 65% and a LCOE at 0.14 €/kWh, demonstrates how the interconnection of multiple hybrid MGs with SLSQP optimization techniques, makes renewable and DERs outcompeting and could strand investments in fossil fuel generation, shaping the future of clean energy markets.
Certainty through uncertainty: stochastic optimization of grid-integrated large-scale energy storage in Germany
Authors: Maia Leonardo K. K. , Ochoa Bique Anton , Zondervan Edwin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work presents an approach to optimize the scheduling and determine the requirements for power systems in the future electricity grid, taking into account the goals of the energy transition in Germany and neighboring countries under uncertain conditions. The value of stochastic solution (VSS) is used as a performance index to compare the deterministic and stochastic approaches. A VSS of up to €800 million of annual grid gross profit is calculated, clearly demonstrating the benefits a stochastic approach brings when determining the required infrastructure investments for the future electricity grid. Energy storage requirements are estimated while considering grid. For high load loss penalties, additional storage capacities of up to 42 GWh are calculated. The uncertainty in the electricity demand has the most expressive impact on grid operation costs, and is for this reason used to generate the scenario array for the stochastic simulations.
Microanalysis and signature of rare earth elements in geochemical samples using neutron activation analysis
Authors: Attallah Mohamed F. , Abdou Fatma S. , Aly Hisham F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nuclear techniques are applied for exploration and efficient tapping of natural resources in finding promising resources of mining and mineral processing industries. The rare earth elements (REEs) in four fluorite samples, collected from Nuba Mountains are determined using neutron activation analysis (NAA) technique. The concentration of 11 REEs (Sc, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Tb, Yb, Lu) was measured and found within ranges between 685 and 1747 ppm. The Ca is a major element in the four samples. The Fe, Al, Na, Ba and Sr are found as minor elements in the investigated samples. In addition, tracer levels of U, Th, Cs, V and Sc are also detected. The signature of Ce, La and Nd as light REEs is characterized in all samples under this study. The enrichment types of light-REEs (L-type), medium-REEs (M-type) and several distinct features of some REEs e.g., Ce and Eu anomalies are identified and described as the signature of REEs in the geochemical samples. These results have demonstrated promising materials that could be used for hydrometallurgy processing to get significant amounts of REEs.
Exploring the interstitial system in the brain: the last mile of drug delivery
Authors: Sun Yi , Sun Xinping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Brain interstitial system (ISS) is a nanoscale network of continuously connected tubes and sheets surrounding each neural cell in the central nervous system. ISS usually accounts for ∼20% of the brain volume, far more than the cerebral blood vessels, which account for 3%. The neuronal function, signaling pathways, and drug delivery are all closely related to the microenvironment provided by ISS. The objective of this paper is to give the readers a clear outline of detection, anatomy, function, and applications of ISS. This review describes the techniques propelling the exploration for ISS in chronological order, physiological function and pathological dysfunction of ISS, and strategies for drug delivery based on ISS. Biophysical features are the focus of ISS research, in which the diffusion characteristics have dominated. The various techniques that explore ISS take advantage of this feature. ISS provides an essential microenvironment for the health of cells and brain homeostasis, which plays an important functional role in brain health and disease. Direct intracranial administration allows the diffusion of drugs directly through ISS to successfully bypass the blood–brain barrier that prevents most drugs from reaching the brain. With the deepening of understanding of the brain ISS, the new research model that takes into account brain cells, cerebral vessels, and ISS will provide a new perspective and direction for understanding, utilizing, and protecting the brain.
To Each Incel According to His Needs?
Authors: Beran Ondřej 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This text presents an analysis of some aspects of the phenomenon of so-called incels. It focuses on the sexist and male supremacist ideology inherent to the incels’ narrative. It also follows a link between this ideology and the assumptions made by some commentators on the incels’ problem, who have been relying on a mixture of conservative views on society and reductionist naturalism. I present a critique of these background assumptions, relating to concepts that feature centrally in them. First, I criticise the characterisation of a particular (simplistic and anachronistic) concept of ‘monogamy’ as natural and its possible construal as normative. Then I explore the rhetoric of sex as a ‘basic need’, pointing out the tendency to mistake what one wants for a ‘need’. I conclude by criticising the particular kind of idea of the science of human nature that underpin the reductionist accounts of sex-related violence.
Operationalizing Peirce’s Syllabus in terms of icons and stereotypes
Authors: Clemmer Richard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Peirce’s Syllabus is examined and used to interpret metaphoric iconic stereotypes applied to Indigenous people: “noble savage,” “bloodthirsty savage,” “domestic dependent nation,” “vanishing race,” “Indian tribe,” and “ecological Indian.” Efforts on the part of the Indigenous to replace the these stereotypes with different icons such as “Native American,” “First Nations,” and, most recently, “water protectors,” are also examined. The usefulness of representamen categories from Peirce’s Syllabus, “rhematic,” “Argument,” “dicent,” “indexical,” “qualisign,” “legisign,” and “sinsign,” is demonstrated. Greimas’ observations about the functions of modalities are brought in to explain how graphic images and portraiture, fictional and memoir narratives, legal discourses, and popular media representations implement various sections of the Syllabus. Putting Peirce’s Syllabus into action confirms its ability to perform dynamic, diachronic, and diagrammatic functions.
I’m thinkingandyou’re saying: Speaker stance and the progressive of mental verbs in courtroom interaction
Authors: Szczyrbak Magdalena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the use of progressives with mental verbs in courtroom talk and shows a range of subjective meanings which are not delivered by the simple form. Looking at the data from a British libel trial, it explores patterned co-occurrences with first-person subjects vs. second- and third-person subjects, revealing both emphatic, polite and interpretative uses of the analyzed items. In addition, context-sensitivity and speaker status (judge vs. other participants) are shown to be significant factors affecting both the choice of verbs and their interactional configurations. The findings reveal not only well-established uses of “progressive statives” (wonderandthink) but also less conventional ones which convey intensity and expressivity (e.g.,understand,rememberandwant). It is also revealed that the use of progressives with mental verbs differs from the deployment of progressives with communication verbs. In both groups of verbs, however, the interpretative meaning is common. In sum, the study situates progressives with mental verbs among stancetaking resources which speakers employ to share their thoughts, wishes and desires, and to position themselves against other interactants and their propositions.