bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Dependency on Visual Inputs During Posture Control: Another Long-Term Effect of mTBIs
Authors: Danna-dos-Santos Alessander , Degani Adriana Menezes 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that individuals living with long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) develop increased dependency on their visual inputs to control their vertical posture. To test this hypothesis we quantified visuo-postural dependency indices (VPDIs) calculated independently for multiple postural behavioral markers extracted from the body’s center of pressure coordinates signals recorded during the execution of a quiet bipedal stance. One hundred and twenty-nine volunteers participated in this study. An mTBI (n = 50) and a neurotypical Control group were formed (n = 79). VPDIs were calculated as the normalized pair-wise subtraction of recordings obtained under Vision and No-Vision experimental conditions. Consistent with our hypothesis the results of this study show that balance behavior of mTBI participants deteriorate more abruptly in the absence of visual inputs when compared to neurotypical controls. These impairments may increase the likelihood of recurrent traumas when fast reactions are needed in daily activities, sports practice, or military operations. Additionally, the methodology used in this study showed to be potentially useful to aid future investigations of neural circuitry impaired by mTBI and provide indices of recovery in future clinical trials testing mTBI-related clinical interventions.
An Autopsy Case of Sudden Death Due To Adrenal Crisis Caused By Pulmonary Tuberculosis Complicated With Adrenal Tuberculosis
Authors: Zhao Nan , Gao Yutong , Ni Chunsheng , Zhang Danfang , Zhao Xiulan , Li Yanlei , Sun Baocun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Adrenal tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose due to non-specific symptom. Sudden death due to adrenal crisis after trauma surgery is rare to be seen.Case presentation: A 45-year-old man, who was admitted to hospital because of trauma of right hand, died suddenly on the 13th day after replantation of amputated fingers. He was diagnosed with brain edema and diluted hyponatremia. Autopsy and histopathologic examination revealed severe brain edema combined with cerebellar tonsillar hernia, extensive destruction of adrenal gland caused by bilateral adrenal tuberculosis and right lung invasive pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusions:Trauma and pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with adrenal tuberculosis induced the adrenal crisis, which eventually lead to severe cerebral edema and hernia, and finally death from respiratory and circulatory failure. This autopsy and histopathologic examination suggested a possible pathophysiologic mechanism of sudden death due to diluted hyponatremia after trauma surgery.
Factors Associated With Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among People Living With HIV in Haiti: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dorcélus Ludentz , Bern Joseph Jr , Georgery Constant , Vanessa Clerveau 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic, demographic and clinical factors can affect adherence to treatment among people living with HIV (PLH) and potentially have an impact on their prognosis and survival. The main objective of this study was to assess these factors as potential barriers to adherence among patients receiving care in central Haiti. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among PLH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the TB/HIV clinic at St. Therese Hospital in Hinche, Haiti. A total of 426 potential participants were approached during their follow-up visits from June to August 2019, of whom 411 participated in the study. After giving informed consent, study participants completed a structured interview that included the Self-Report Item Scale (SRIS), a standard measure, to assess adherence. Socio-demographic, economic and clinical factors were assessed for their association with adherence. RESULTS: The 411 participating patients represented 39% of the patient population at the TB/HIV clinic during the timeframe of the study. The mean age was 43.7 years (range: 19-80), 65.5% were female and 78.1% had only achieved a primary level of schooling. Nearly 78% had received ART for less than 10 years, 3.41% reported having poor adherence and 28% less than excellent adherence. Factors related to poor adherence in bivariate analysis were age less than 40 years (OR: 6.32, 95% CI: 2.04-10.58, p<0.01) and inability to meet basic needs (OR: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.04-7.0, p=0.03).CONCLUSIONS: To improve medication adherence, the hospital should strengthen patient counselling of younger recipients of ART and provide financial assistance and other social service interventions. Studies should be implemented in other HIV management centers in Haiti and similar contexts to examine barriers to ART adherence with the goal of improving prognosis and survival in the long-term among PLH in resource-limited setting.
The Effect of Spatial Location of Fermentation Pit on Prokaryotic Community Diversity in Pit Mud for Chinese Strong-Flavor Baijiu Production
Authors: Hu Xiaolong , Feng Dahong , Yu Miao , Wang Sifan , Zhang Yong , Chi Lei , Zhang Zhigang , He Peixin , Wang Yongliang , Zhu Wenyou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Chinese strong-flavor baijiu (CSFB) accounts for more than 70% of all Chinese liquor markets. Diverse microbes in pit mud found in the fermentation pit play a key role in CSFB production. However, the effect of spatial location on the diversity and structure of the microbial community in pit mud is still poorly understood Results Prokaryotic microbes in different pit mud（4- and 40-year）were analyzed by using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The samples were collected from pit mud that was 4 and 40 years old in the top, middle, and under parts of the cellar walls and at the bottom of them. The results showed there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the physicochemical factors, the Observed OTU, and α-diversity between the pit mud of two different ages. The index of the 4-year-old pit mud was lower (except for total acid, which was higher than) than that of the 40-year-old pit mud. The pH, total acid, Observed OTU, Chao 1, ACE in the 4-year-old pit mud (in the top and middle part of the cellar wall) and the 40-year-old pit mud(in the top part of the cellar wall) had significant (p<0.05) difference. At the phylum level, Firmicutes (56.70%) and Bacteroidetes (26.56%) accounted for more than 80% of the overall level. For the 4-year-old pit mud sample, the dominant genuses at each location were Proteiniphilum, Lactobacillus, and Caproiciproducens, while for the 40-year-old pit mud, there were 10 common genuses accounted for more than 50% of the dominant genuses in different pit mud belong to Clostridia. The RDA analysis results showed that 85.71% of the dominant bacteria positively correlated with pH, and especially the most correlated with the total acid and available phosphorus, so its content was significantly related to the dominant bacteria (p<0.01). Therefore, it inferred that the total acid and available phosphorus were the main physicochemical factors that affected the spatial distribution of prokaryotic microbial communities in the pit mud of cellars from the liquor distillery. Conclusions Comparing the young pit mud and the old pit mud, the structure and physicochemical factors of the prokaryotic microbial community in pit mud from Henan liquor-making company changed, and the changes occurred in the spatial location of different pits. Clostridia, which accounted for more than 50% of all types of pit mud, were responsible for the effect of total acid and available phosphorus on the microbial community. Based on the above, it provides a theoretical basis for Henan liquor-making companies in maintaining pit mud. Keywords: fermentation pit mud; spatial heterogeneity; microbial community; physicochemical factors; Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu.
Comorbidity in Primary Care – Causal or Casual? A Longitudinal Observational Study in Family Medicine
Authors: Soler Jean Karl , Buono Nicola , Okkes Inge 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background. Comorbidity is increasingly important in the medical literature, with ever-increasing impacts as populations age. Comorbidity has multiple and complex implications for the processes of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, management and health care. The objective of this study is to measure casual versus causal comorbidity in primary care in three family practice populations.Methods. This is a longitudinal observational study using the Transition Project datasets. Transition Project family doctors in the Netherlands, Malta and Serbia recorded details of all patient contacts in an episode of care structure using electronic medical records and the International Classification of Primary Care, collecting data on all elements of the doctor-patient encounter, including diagnoses (1,178,178 in the Netherlands, 93,606 in Malta, 405,150 in Serbia), observing 158,370 patient years in the Netherlands, 43,577 in Malta, 72,673 in Serbia. Comorbidity was measured using the odds ratio of both conditions being incident or rest-prevalent in the same patient in one-year dataframes, as against not.Results. Comorbidity in family practice in the three population databases is expressed as odds ratios between the 41 joint most prevalent (joint top 20) episode titles in the three populations. Specific associations were explored in different age groups to observe the changes in odds ratios with increasing age as a surrogate for a temporal or biological gradient.Conclusion. After applying accepted criteria for testing the causality of associations, it is reasonable to conclude that most observed primary care comorbidity is casual. It would be incorrect to assume causal relationships between co-occurring diseases in family medicine, even if such a relationship might be plausible or consistent with current conceptualisations of the causation of disease. Most observed comorbidity in primary care is the result of increasing illness diversity.Trial registration.This study was performed on electronic patient record datasets made publicly available by the University of Amsterdam Department of General Practice, and did not involve any patient intervention.Funding. Self-funded.
Improved Gait Recognition Accuracy Based on DFT- GEI
Authors: Sriniva Lavanya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Person reidentification is a challenging task in computer vision. Identify a person from different cameras due to changes in appearance based on cofactors. Cofactors such as changing clothes, a suitcase, backpack, etc. The gait biometric is used to identify a person vary with different cofactors at different backgrounds. The person's gait can be identified at a distance, based on a walking pattern, without any physical contact. In this work, the videos are recorded using Long Wave Infrared and Visible cameras at different locations such as urban and rural environments. The pre-processing includes the recorded videos are converted into frames, person identification using deep learning techniques, background subtraction, artifacts removal, silhouettes extraction, calculating gait cycle, and synthesis frequency domain gait energy image by averaging the silhouettes. The moving features are extracted from the frequency domain gait energy image and gait energy image are dimensionally reduced by principal component analysis, recognized using classifier K nearest neighbour and results are compared. Experiments are conducted on urban and rural datasets recorded using Long Wave Infrared and Visible cameras.
Being Praised for Prosocial Behaviors Longitudinally Reduces Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescents: a Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Nagaoka Daiki , Tomoshige Nanami , Ando Shuntaro , Morita Masaya , Kiyono Tomoki , Kanata Sho , Fujikawa Shinya , Endo Kaori , Yamasaki Syudo , Fukuda Masato , Nishida Atsushi , Hiraiwa-Hasegawa Mariko , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Depression is highly prevalent and causes a heavy burden in adolescent life. Being praised for prosocial behavior might be a preventive factor because both being praised and prosocial behavior are protective against depression. Here, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between being praised for prosocial behavior and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Methods: In Tokyo Teen Cohort study (TTC), an ongoing prospective population-based cohort study, we collected 3,171 adolescents’ data on self-reported experiences of being praised for prosocial behavior, depressive symptoms, and caregiver-evaluated prosocial behavior. Ten-year-old children were asked to freely describe answers to the question “What are you praised for?”. Only children who clearly answered that they were praised for their prosocial behavior were designated the “prosocial praise group”. The degree of depression at ages 10 and 12 was measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), a self-report questionnaire about depression. Objective prosocial behavior of the 10-year-old children was assessed by the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using the SMFQ score at age 12 as the objective variable and being praised for prosocial behavior as the main explanatory variable, and the SMFQ score at age 10 and the objective prosocial behavior at age 10 were included as confounders.Results: Depressive symptoms (SMFQ scores) in the “prosocial praise group” were significantly lower than those in the other group both at age 10 (4.3 ± 4.4 vs 4.9 ± 4.6, p <0.001) and at age (3.4 ± 4.2 vs 4.0 ± 4.6, p <0.01). In the single regression analysis, the children who reported being praised for prosocial behavior at age 10 had significantly lower depressive symptoms at age 12 (partial regression variable: -0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.96, -0.17]). This association remained significant after adjusting for confounders, including baseline depressive symptoms (partial regression variable: -0.44, 95% CI [-0.80, -0.08]). Prosocial behavior alone was not associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Being praised for prosocial behavior rather than objective prosocial behavior at 10 years of age predicted lower depressive symptoms two years later. Praise for adolescents’ prosocial behavior can be encouraged to prevent depression.
Efficacy of Exposure in Group Settings for Youth With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
Authors: Pfeiffer Elisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Exposure to traumatic experiences is a fundamental part of evidence-based trauma-focused cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) but in group settings it is discussed controversially among researchers and practitioners. This study aims to examine the individual participants’ stress level during group sessions with exposure and disclosure of traumatic events.Method: N = 47 traumatized youth (Mage = 17.00, 94% male) participated in a group intervention comprising six 90-minute group sessions (exposure in sessions 2-5). It is based on trauma-focused CBT principles. The individual stress level was assessed by the participants and group facilitators at the beginning, during, and at the end of every session. Results: During the sessions including exposure, the stress level of the participants was higher than during sessions without exposure (Z = -3.79; p ≤ .001). During the exposure sessions, the participants showed significant changes in stress level (d = 0.34 - 0.87) following an inverse U-shaped trend.Conclusion: The results show that exposure is feasible within the scope of a trauma-focused group intervention for youth. The further dissemination of trauma-focused group treatments is an important component in the mental health care of traumatized children and youth.
Influence of Host Plants on the Diversity of Gut Microbiota Communities of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Ugwu Juliana Amaka , Asiegbu Fred 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The gut bacteria of insects influence their host physiology positively, although their mechanism is not yet understood. This study characterized the microbiome of the gut of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae fed with nine different host plants; sugar cane (M1), maize (M2), onion (M3), cucumber (R1), tomato (R2), sweet potato (R3), cabbage L1), green amaranth (L2), and celocia (L3) by sequencing the theV3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina PE250 NovaSeq system. The results revealed that gut bacterial composition varied among larvae samples fed on different host plants. Three alpha diversity indices revealed highly significant differences on the gut bacterial diversity of S. frugiperda fed with different host plants.. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) and Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) also revealed significant variations on the bacterial communities among the various host plants. Five bacteria phyla (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes) were prevalent across the larvae samples. Firmicutes (44.1%) was the most dominant phylum followed by Proteobacteria (28.5%). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyses showed that S. frugiperda larvae were enriched by diverse bacteria groups. Celocia (L3) and sweet potato (R3) were enriched in phylum Firmicutes by 15.1% and 14.2 % respectively while green amaranth (L2) and sugar cane (M1) were enriched in proteobacteria by 18.5% and 14.3% respectively. Genus Enterococcus was predominant and mostly enhanced by L3 with 21.7% incidence. Mann-Whitney’ test revealed highly significant differences (p<0.001) on OTUs number among larvae samples. Our findings indicate that host plant is a major driver shaping insect gut microbiota.
Demographic, Clinical, and Immunological Features in Combined Immunodeficiency Patients with and Without Pulmonary Complications: A Retrospective Multicenter Study from Iran
Authors: Khanbabaee Ghamartaj , Pourghasem Matin , Jamee Mahnaz , Tabatabaii Seyed Ahmad , Khalili Mitra , Mesdaghi Mehrnaz , Sadeghi-Shabestari Mahnaz , Shirvani Armin , Sadr Saeid , Delavari Samaneh , Eslami Narges , Farahbakhsh Nazanin , Mansouri Mahboubeh , Tabiei Ebrahim , Modarresi Seyedeh Zalfa , Behbahani Abdolhamid Taghizadeh , Eslamian Golnaz , Fallahi Mazdak , Enayat Javad , Fallah Shahrzad , Pourghasem Mahsa , Aghamohammadi Asghar , Chavoshzadeh Zahra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Combined immunodeficiency (CID) is characterized by profound defects in the development and function of both B and T cells. We aimed to investigate clinical and immunological phenotype in CID patients with and without pulmonary complications.Methods: This retrospective study was performed on patients with established diagnosis of CID registered between 2009 and 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on the development of pulmonary complications, and their demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics were compared. All data were analyzed by SPSS software, and a P-value <0.05 was considered as a significant difference.Results: 146 patients [56.8% male and 43.2% females] were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups of patients with (n=88) and without (n=58) pulmonary complications. In patients with pulmonary complications, oral candidiasis, failure to thrive, and otitis media, while in the other group, anemia, autoimmunity, rheumatologic disorders, and skin lesions had higher frequency, although not significant. Thoracic high resolution computed tomographies (HRCTs), available in 54.5% of patients with pulmonary complications, were compatible with pneumonia (39.8%), bronchiectasis (12.5%), pulmonary nodules (3.4%), atelectasis (1.1%), interstitial lung disease (1.1%), and pneumothorax (1.1%). Patients with pulmonary complications had lower number of T CD4+ but higher levels of CD8+ cells compared to patients without pulmonary complications (p=0.012 and p=0.005, respectively). The mortality rate was higher in patients with pulmonary complications compared to the other group (11.4% vs. 6.9%, p=0.597).Conclusion: Respiratory disorders in CID are common and require early periodic monitoring by respiratory tests and HRCT to avoid irreversible injuries.
Implications of COVID-19 on Healthcare Seeking Behaviour of the Rural-Poor in Ido-Ekiti and Environs. Nigeria
Authors: Arisukwu Ogadimma , Olaoye Leke Enoch , Igbolekwu Chisaa , Rasak Bamidele 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is raising serious concerns about effective pandemic response and preparedness in the context of background fragile health systems and especially in developing countries like Nigeria with alarming poverty indices. Aim: The study aimed to reveal the implication of the COVID-19 pandemic on the healthcare seeking behaviour of households experiencing (extreme) poverty and to also infer factors that influence the health-seeking behaviour in the areaMethods: A retrospective and comparative study using secondary data from the major tertiary healthcare centre which serves Ido-Ekiti; a town in southwestern Nigeria and its environs was utilized in this study; it comprises data before and during the pandemic.Results: There was general decline across the clinics (90%) with some clinics having up to 55%, 33% reduction in visits during COVID-19. There was a total 13% drop across board from January to December of 2020 as compared with 2019.Conclusion and Recommendation: The study suggests better enlightenment campaign and more investment in the healthcare sector especially in the rural areas. The conflict theory was adopted.
Major pollutant changes affected by Covid-19 lockdown in Shanghai
Authors: Zhang Fang , Han Yi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
China repond quickly to explosure of Covid-19. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of lockdown on 5 major airborne pollutant in Shanghai. Chongming, Xuhui and Jinshan areas of Shanghai were studied and compared. Overall, the Covid-19 lockdown has changed pollutant concentration in both long and short terms. All the five concentrations except for O3 increased. SO2 had significant correlations with all other pollutants. Ozone on eath surface are mainly from green plants and can be reduced by both NO2 and some organic matters. PM2.5 nd PM10 are more external than local procuced. NO2, SO2 and PM matters sharply reduced in Jinshan and Xuhui during dued to the limited usage of fossil fuel. All these activies could both meet humen’s neccesary needs and keep a better air quality. Proper and systematic measures should be taken to in keeping better air quality and economic growth in the whole world.
Characterization of the Oxidation of 3D Needled C/C Composite by Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography
Authors: Gao Yantao , Xin Sanfa , Hu Wenfeng , Yan Hao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
C/C composite has been considering to be used as structural components in the field of nuclear energy. However, the material will be subjected to rapid oxidation in the air. This paper presents the microstructure evolutions of a type of high density C/C composites at 550℃ in the air. Synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography (SR-µCT, resolution: 0.65µm) was used to characterize the microstructure in different oxidation stages. The results showed that the material was oxidized nearly homogeneous. The large pores play great rule in the oxidation behavior. The pores in the material started to extend quickly in initial stage and the number of pores and porosity were rapidly increased. In addition, it also can be seen that SR-µCT is a perspective tool for microstructural characterization, especially structure evolutions in the materials.