bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vel maiorum relatio uel librorum reuolutio: oral informants and information in the works of William of Malmesbury
Authors: Liu Ming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the information provided by William of Malmesbury’s oral informants that he recorded in his works. It argues that older monks and the transmission of oral traditions at his own monastery, ecclesiastics from the host communities which he had visited, Norman nobles with whom he was familiar and common people he had encountered during his travels were all important oral sources for his writings. His interaction with his different informants brought both advantages and disadvantages, but William was still cautious about relying on hearsay and possible rumours, which shows his ‘subjective initiative’ in dealing with oral materials.
Impact of the distance of spread through air spaces in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hashinokuchi Asato , Akamine Takaki , Toyokawa Gouji , Matsudo Kyoto , Nagano Taichi , Kinoshita Fumihiko , Kohno Mikihiro , Tomonaga Takumi , Kohashi Kenichi , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Oda Yoshinao , Takenaka Tomoyoshi , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Spread through air spaces (STAS) is considered a poor prognostic factor in patients with resected non-small lung cell cancer; however, the clinical significance of STAS extent remains unclear. We hypothesized that the further the tumour cells spread from the tumour edge, the worse the prognosis becomes.

METHODS
This study retrospectively reviewed the data of 642 patients with completely resected pathological stage I–III non-small lung cell cancer between 2008 and 2018. The maximum spread distance (MSD) from the tumour edge to the farthest STAS was quantitatively evaluated, and STAS was categorized as limited (MSD ≤1000 μm) or extended (MSD &gt;1000 μm), based on the median MSD. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared among patients stratified by STAS classification.

RESULTS
Patients were classified into STAS-negative (n = 382, 59.6%), limited STAS (n = 130, 20.2%) and extended STAS (n = 130, 20.2%) groups. Extended STAS was associated with a high maximum standardized uptake value, advanced pathological stage and vascular invasion compared with limited STAS. The extended STAS group demonstrated significantly shorter RFS and OS than both the limited STAS and STAS-negative groups (both P &lt; 0.001 for RFS; P = 0.007 and P &lt; 0.001 for OS, respectively). Multivariable analysis showed that extended STAS was an independent prognostic factor for both RFS and OS (P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
The distance from tumour edge to STAS affects prognosis in patients with completely resected non-small lung cell cancer.

Clinical registration number
IRB approval number: 2019-232
Does Public Opinion on Foreign Policy Affect Elite Preferences? Evidence from the 2022 US Sanctions against Russia
Authors: Peez Anton , Bethke Felix S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Does public opinion on international affairs affect elites’ policy preferences? Most research assumes that it does, but this key assumption is difficult to test empirically given limited research access to elite decision-makers. We examine elite responsiveness to public opinion on sanctioning Russia during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. We fielded a preregistered experiment within the 2022 TRIP survey of US foreign policy practitioners, offering a rare opportunity for a fairly large elite survey experiment ($N = 253$). We used contemporary public polling highly supportive of increasing sanctions as an information treatment. Our research design, involving a salient issue and real-world treatment, substantially expands on previous work. Exposure to the treatment raises elite support for increasing sanctions from 68.0 percent to 76.3 percent (+8.3 pp.). While meaningful, this effect is smaller than those identified elsewhere. We argue that this difference is driven by pretreatment dynamics related to issue salience and ceiling effects and is therefore all the more notable. We provide evidence for substantial treatment effect heterogeneity depending on subject-matter expertise, degree of involvement in political decision-making, and gender, but not party identification. While our results support previous research, they highlight issues of external validity and the context-dependence of elite responsiveness.
Changes in metabolite profiles in solid fermentation of glutamate waste treatment solution by Aspergillus niger and Candida tropicalis
Authors: He Dan , Zhang Ying , Liu Jinxu , Wang Xiao , Hu Yunlong , Xu Weihui , Chen Wenjing , Fan Zhenyu , Wang Zhigang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
Glutamate wastewater poses a great environmental challenge to the monosodium glutamate production industry. However, its treatment solution is rich in crude protein, which has the potential to be developed as a new protein source for animal feed.

Methods and results
Given that the fermentation process generates functionally different metabolites, this study innovatively utilized two strains of feed microorganisms, Aspergillus niger and Candida tropicalis, to perform solid-state fermentation of glutamate wastewater treatment solution. The aim was to investigate and analyse the metabolite profiles during fermentation. The significant differences in metabolite profiles between the samples were determined using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection analysis, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genomes, and Human Metabolome Data Bank analysis. These variations were mainly manifested in essential feed components, such as amino acids, peptides, and their analogues. These included Ile–Pro–Asn, Pro–Gly–Val, alanylvaline, histidylisoleucine, Lys–Leu–Tyr, Ile–Arg, glycyl–leucine, leucyl–lysine, N-palmitoyl histidine, alanylisoleucine, l-glutamate, N-methylisoleucine, Isoleucylproline, dl-m-tyrosine, Isoleucyl–threonine, phenylalanine amide, carboxyethyllysine, N6-acetyl-l-lysine, citrulline, N-alpha-acetyl-l-lysine, N(6)-methyllysine, and l-aspartate-semialdehyde.

Conclusions
This study investigates the metabolite profiles of glutamate wastewater treatment solutions after co-fermentation with A. niger and C. tropicalis using solid-state fermentation. These findings provide a new strategy for efficiently utilizing glutamate wastewater treatment solutions.
Perturbations in the gut microbiome of C57BL/6 mice by the sobriety aid Antabuse® (disulfiram)
Authors: Evans Sarah E , Valentine Meagan E , Gallimore Fallon , Meka Yogesh , Koehler Samuel I , Yu Hongwei D , Valentovic Monica A , Long Timothy E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
Disulfiram (Antabuse®) is an oral alcohol sobriety medication that exhibits antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive facultative anaerobes. The aims of this study were to measure the antimicrobial activity against anaerobic bacteria of the gut human microbiome and establish the extent that disulfiram alters the microbial composition of the ileum, cecum, and feces using C57BL/6 mice.

Methods and results
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the microdilution method revealed that disulfiram inhibits the in vitro growth of gut anaerobic species of Bacteroides, Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus, and Porphyromonas. Differential sequencing of 16S rRNA isolated from the ileum, cecum, and feces contents of treated vs. untreated mice showed that disulfiram enriches the Gram-negative enteric population. In female mice, the enrichment was greatest in the ileum, whereas the feces composition in male mice was the most heavily altered.

Conclusions
Daily administration of oral disulfiram depletes the enteric Gram-positive anaerobe population as predicted by the minimum inhibitory concentration data for isolates from the human gut microbiota.
Lessons learned on information retrieval in electronic health records: a comparison of embedding models and pooling strategies
Authors: Myers Skatje , Miller Timothy A , Gao Yanjun , Churpek Matthew M , Mayampurath Anoop , Dligach Dmitriy , Afshar Majid 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Applying large language models (LLMs) to the clinical domain is challenging due to the context-heavy nature of processing medical records. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers a solution by facilitating reasoning over large text sources. However, there are many parameters to optimize in just the retrieval system alone. This paper presents an ablation study exploring how different embedding models and pooling methods affect information retrieval for the clinical domain.

Materials and Methods
Evaluating on 3 retrieval tasks on 2 electronic health record (EHR) data sources, we compared 7 models, including medical- and general-domain models, specialized encoder embedding models, and off-the-shelf decoder LLMs. We also examine the choice of embedding pooling strategy for each model, independently on the query and the text to retrieve.

Results
We found that the choice of embedding model significantly impacts retrieval performance, with BGE, a comparatively small general-domain model, consistently outperforming all others, including medical-specific models. However, our findings also revealed substantial variability across datasets and query text phrasings. We also determined the best pooling methods for each of these models to guide future design of retrieval systems.

Discussion
The choice of embedding model, pooling strategy, and query formulation can significantly impact retrieval performance and the performance of these models on other public benchmarks does not necessarily transfer to new domains. The high variability in performance across different query phrasings suggests that the choice of query may need to be tuned and validated for each task, or even for each institution’s EHR.

Conclusion
This study provides empirical evidence to guide the selection of models and pooling strategies for RAG frameworks in healthcare applications. Further studies such as this one are vital for guiding empirically-grounded development of retrieval frameworks, such as in the context of RAG, for the clinical domain.
Polyamines protect porcine sperm from lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis via casein kinase 2 activation
Authors: Li Rongnan , Wu Xiaodong , Cheng Jia , Zhu Zhendong , Guo Ming , Hou Guochao , Li Tianjiao , Zheng Yi , Ma Haidong , Lu Hongzhao , Chen Xiaoxu , Zhang Tao , Zeng Wenxian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bacterial contamination is an inevitable issue during the processing of semen preservation in pigs. As a prototypical endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria in semen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) undermines sperm function during liquid preservation. Spermine and spermidine could protect cells against LPS-induced injury, and the content of spermine and spermidine in seminal plasma is positively correlated with sperm quality. Thus, the present study aimed to clarify whether addition of spermine or spermidine is beneficial to porcine semen preservation and able to prevent LPS-induced sperm damage. The supplementation of spermine and spermidine in the diluent resulted in higher sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) after preservation in vitro at 17 °C for 7 d (P &lt; 0.05). LPS-induced sperm quality deterioration, ΔΨm decline, cellular adenosine-triphosphate depletion, mitochondrial ultrastructure abnormality, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, and caspase-3 activation (P &lt; 0.05). Interestingly, spermine and spermidine alleviated the LPS-induced changes of the aforementioned parameters and mitigated the decrease in the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II) to LC3-I ratio. Meanwhile, the α and β subunits of casein kinase 2 (CK2) were detected at the connecting piece and the tail. Significantly, addition of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole, a specific CK2 inhibitor, counteracted the beneficial effects of spermine and spermidine on sperm quality, mitochondrial activity, and apoptosis. Together, these results suggest that spermine and spermidine improve sperm quality and the efficiency of liquid preservation of porcine semen. Furthermore, spermine and spermidine alleviate LPS-induced sperm mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in a CK2-dependent manner.
Observational study of the efficacy and safety of first-line osimertinib and later treatments for uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor-activating mutation-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hirata Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Kageaki , Hosomi Yukio , Yoh Kiyotaka , Usui Kazuhiro , Kishi Kazuma , Naka Go , Tamano Shu , Uemura Kohei , Kunitoh Hideo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a first-line therapy for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations, including both sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations. Its real-world efficacy against uncommon EGFR mutations remains under-researched.

Methods
The REIWA study, a multicentric, prospective, observational study conducted in Japan from September 2018 to August 2020, enrolled patients with advanced or recurrent EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC receiving osimertinib. Data on clinical outcomes, safety, disease progression, and subsequent treatments were collected for patients with uncommon EGFR mutations.

Results
Of 583 patients receiving osimertinib, 39 (6.7%) had an uncommon EGFR mutation. The present study included 32 of these patients after excluding seven patients with an exon 20 insertion mutation. The overall objective response rate was 53.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 36.4–69.1], and the disease control rate was 78.1% (95% CI: 61.0–89.3). The median progression-free survival was 9.4 months (95% CI: 5.0–20.0), and the median overall survival (OS) was 21.8 (95% CI: 14.4–NA) months. Notably, patients with an exon21 L861Q mutation had a significantly longer OS than those with an exon18 G719X mutation, the respective values being 37.8 and 9.7 months (hazard ratio: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10–0.85; P = 0.02). The rate of grade 3 or worse adverse events was 10.3%. Seven out of 32 (21.9%) patients showed progression involving only the central nervous system.

Conclusions
Osimertinib demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in the clinical setting in patients with uncommon EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC.
Dynamic modelling of sparse longitudinal data and functional snippets with stochastic differential equations
Authors: Zhou Yidong , Müller Hans-Georg 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sparse functional/longitudinal data have attracted widespread interest due to the prevalence of such data in social and life sciences. A prominent scenario where such data are routinely encountered are accelerated longitudinal studies, where subjects are enrolled in the study at a random time and are only tracked for a short amount of time relative to the domain of interest. The statistical analysis of such functional snippets is challenging since information for far-off-diagonal regions of the covariance structure is missing. Our main methodological contribution is to address this challenge by bypassing covariance estimation and instead modelling the underlying process as the solution of a data-adaptive stochastic differential equation. Taking advantage of the interface between Gaussian functional data and stochastic differential equations makes it possible to efficiently reconstruct the target process by estimating its dynamic distribution. The proposed approach allows one to consistently recover forward sample paths from functional snippets at the subject level. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the proposed data-driven stochastic differential equation and derive rates of convergence for the corresponding estimators. The finite sample performance is demonstrated with simulation studies and functional snippets arising from a growth study and spinal bone mineral density data.
Incidental finding of duplication of vas deferens in inguinal hernia: a case report of rare anomaly
Authors: Shrestha Bibek , Yadav Krishna , Kandel Grishma , Yadav Pratibha , Subedi Sachet 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Duplication of the vas deferens is a rare congenital anomaly, with an incidence of ~0.05% in the general population. It is typically discovered incidentally during surgeries involving the spermatic cord, such as inguinal hernia repair. This case report presents a 33-year-old male who underwent left inguinal hernioplasty, during which duplication of the vas deferens was incidentally identified. The patient had presented with left-sided inguinal swelling, painful testis, and a small left testis. Preoperative ultrasound suggested an inguinal hernia, but the vas deferens anomaly was only detected intraoperatively. The patient successfully underwent hernioplasty without postoperative complications. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing rare anatomical variations like vas deferens duplication to prevent surgical complications.
Synergy of sodium dodecyl sulfate and citric acid in removing bacterial biofilms in hydroponic farming facilities
Authors: Zhu Junhan , Huang Jim Junhui , Tham Cliff , Zhou Weibiao , Li Dan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research explored various concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and citric acid (CA), both individually and in combination, to assess their effectiveness against Salmonella biofilms in hydroponic agriculture systems. Results demonstrated that a combined sanitizer of 0.1% SDS (1.0 ± 0.1 log reduction when used alone) and 1% CA (1.4 ± 0.3 log reduction when used alone) was highly effective in eliminating Salmonella biofilms from polyvinyl chloride pipes in hydroponic systems, reducing biofilm levels to below detectable limits (&gt;5.6 log reduction when used in combination). Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed significantly greater proportions of damaged/dead cells in the 0.1% SDS- and 1% CA-treated samples (82.6 ± 2.6%) than in the single treatment with 0.1% SDS (26.1 ± 3.0%) and 1% CA (31.6 ± 2.5%) (P &lt; 0.05). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy together with analysis of proteins and polysaccharides in the extracellular polymeric substances of the biofilm matrices showed that the treatment not only affected bacterial viability but also significantly reduced the biomass of the biofilm. In summary, this research provides a foundation for the development of improved cleaning protocols in hydroponic systems, promoting safer and more sustainable farming practices.
COMAP Galactic science I: observations of spinning dust emission at 30 GHz in dark clouds surrounding the λ-Orionis H ii region
Authors: Harper Stuart E , Dickinson Clive , Cleary Kieran A , Hensley Brandon S , Hoerning Gabriel A , Paladini Roberta , Rennie Thomas J , Cepeda-Arroita R , Dunne Delaney A , Eriksen Hans Kristian , Gundersen Joshua Ott , Ihle Håvard T , Lunde Jonas G S , Ricci Roberto , Stil Jeroen , Stutzer Nils-Ole , Taylor A R , Wehus Ingunn Kathrine 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Anomalous microwave emission (AME) is a major component of Galactic emission in the frequency band 10–60 GHz and is commonly modelled as rapidly rotating spinning dust grains. The photodissociation region (PDR) at the boundary of the $\lambda$-Orionis H ii region has been identified by several recent analyses as one of the brightest spinning dust-emitting sources in the sky. We investigate the Barnard 30 dark cloud, a dark cloud embedded within the $\lambda$-Orionis PDR. We use total-power observations of Barnard 30 from the CO Mapping Array Project (COMAP) pathfinder instrument at 26–34GHz with a resolution of 4.5 arcmin alongside existing data from Planck, WISE, IRAS, ACT, and the 1.447 GHz GALFACTS survey. We use aperture photometry and template fitting to measure the spectral energy distribution of Barnard 30. We find that the spinning dust is the dominant emission component in the 26–34GHz range at the $6\, \sigma$ level ($S_{30\, \mathrm{GHz}} = 3.35\pm 0.56$ Jy). From correlating COMAP data with dust templates we find no evidence that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the preferred carrier for the spinning dust emission, suggesting that the spinning dust carriers are due to a mixed population of very small grains. Finally, we find evidence for variations in spinning dust emissivity and peak frequency within Barnard 30, and that these variations are possibly driven by changes in dust grain population and the total radiation field. Confirming the origin of the variations in the spinning dust spectrum will require both future COMAP observations at 15 GHz combined with spectroscopic mid-infrared data of Barnard 30.
A study of the transition to a turbulent shock using a coarse-graining approach to ion phase-space transport
Authors: Trotta D , Valentini F , Burgess D , Servidio S 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Shocks and turbulence are ubiquitous phenomena, responsible for particle acceleration to very high energies in a large collection of astrophysical systems. Using self-consistent, hybrid-kinetic simulations with and without pre-existing turbulence, we study the transition of a shock from ‘laminar’ to turbulent. We show that the changes in upstream proton transport behaviour are crucial to understand this transition, which we address quantitatively with a novel Eulerian approach. This method, based on the coarse-graining of the Vlasov equation originally introduced in one of our previous studies, gives consistent results for inertial range scales. The potential applications of the coarse-graining approach beyond the shock–turbulence system are outlined.
Cosmic multipoles in galaxy surveys – I. How inferences depend on source counts and masks
Authors: Oayda Oliver T , Mittal Vasudev , Lewis Geraint F 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a new approach to constructing and fitting dipoles and higher-order multipoles in synthetic galaxy samples over the sky. Within our Bayesian paradigm, we illustrate that this technique is robust to masked skies, allowing us to make credible inferences about the relative contributions of each multipole. We also show that dipoles can be recovered in surveys with small footprints, determining the requisite source counts required for concrete estimation of the dipole parameters. This work is motivated by recent probes of the cosmic dipole in galaxy catalogues. Namely, the kinematic dipole of the cosmic microwave background, as arising from the motion of our heliocentric frame at $\approx 370\ \text{km}\, \text{s}^{-1}$, implies that an analogous dipole should be observed in the number counts of galaxies in flux-density-limited samples. Recent studies have reported a dipole aligning with the kinematic dipole but with an anomalously large amplitude. Accordingly, our new technique will be important as forthcoming galaxy surveys are made available and for revisiting previous data.