bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety effects of work zone advisory systems under the intelligent connected vehicle environment: a microsimulation approach
Authors: Mao Suyi , Xiao Guiming , Lee Jaeyoung , Wang Ling , Wang Zijin , Huang Helai 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the safety effects of work zone advisory systems. The traditional system includes a dynamic message sign (DMS), whereas the advanced system includes an in-vehicle work zone warning application under the connected vehicle (CV) environment.

Design/methodology/approach
A comparative analysis was conducted based on the microsimulation experiments.

Findings
The results indicate that the CV-based warning system outperforms the DMS. From this study, the optimal distances of placing a DMS varies according to different traffic conditions. Nevertheless, negative influence of excessive distance DMS placed from the work zone would be more obvious when there is heavier traffic volume. Thus, it is recommended that the optimal distance DMS placed from the work zone should be shortened if there is a traffic congestion. It was also revealed that higher market penetration rate of CVs will lead to safer network under good traffic conditions.

Research limitations/implications
Because this study used only microsimulation, the results do not reflect the real-world drivers’ reactions to DMS and CV warning messages. A series of driving simulator experiments need to be conducted to capture the real driving behaviors so as to investigate the unresolved-related issues. Human machine interface needs be used to simulate the process of in-vehicle warning information delivery. The validation of the simulation model was not conducted because of the data limitation.

Practical implications
It suggests for the optimal DMS placement for improving the overall efficiency and safety under the CV environment.

Originality/value
A traffic network evaluation method considering both efficiency and safety is proposed by applying traffic simulation.
Leadership in startup communities: how incubator leaders develop a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem
Authors: Roundy Philip T. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeScholars are increasingly adopting an ecosystems perspective focused on the complex systems of factors that influence organizations. A type of ecosystem that is receiving significant academic and practitioner attention is the entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE): the interconnected system of actors and forces that supports or hinders entrepreneurship in a geographic area. However, the role that leaders play in ecosystem development, particularly in unmunificent contexts, has received little attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate EE leadership and development and induce a theory explaining how it unfolds.Design/methodology/approachAn inductive research design was combined with the case study methodology to analyze the leadership of an entrepreneurial support organization (an incubator) and its role in developing an entrepreneurial ecosystem.FindingsThe findings revealed that incubator leaders constructed a dynamic leadership model that evolved as the EE developed and was tailored to the region's strengths and weaknesses.Originality/valueThe study contributes to research at the nexus of leadership and entrepreneurship by introducing a new level of analysis (the meta-organization), focusing on an underexamined leader type (the support organization) and emphasizing the interplay between leadership and regional characteristics.
Modeling size-dependent thermal-mechanical behaviors of shape memory polymer Timoshenko micro-beam
Authors: Zhao Fei , Zheng Xueyao , Zhou Shichen , Zhou Bo , Xue Shifeng 
Published: March 2021

PurposeIn this paper, a three-dimensional size-dependent constitutive model of SMP Timoshenko micro-beam is developed to describe the micromechanical properties.Design/methodology/approachAccording to the Hamilton's principle, the equilibrium equations and boundary conditions of the model are established and according to the modified couple stress theory, the model is available to capturing the size effect because of the material length scale parameter. Based on the model, the simply supported beam was taken for example to be solved and simulated.FindingsResults show that the size effect of SMP micro-beam is more obvious when the dimensionless beam height is similar or the larger of the value of loading time. The rigidity and strength of the SMP beam decrease with the increasing of the dimensionless beam height or the loading time. The viscous property of SMP micro-beam plays a more important role with the larger dimensionless beam height. And the smaller the dimensionless beam height is, the more obvious the shape memory effect of the SMP micro-beam is.Originality/valueThis work implies prediction of size-dependent thermo-mechanical behaviors of the SMP micro-beam and will provide a theoretical basis for design SMP microstructures in the field of micro/nanomechanics.
The effects of internal, external and aggregated CSR practices on the firm's reputation and profitability
Authors: Chapagain Bal Ram 
Published: March 2021

PurposeContemplating the concerns often expressed by skeptics about the value generated by corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices, this study aims to examine the effects of CSR practices on the firm's reputation and profitability in the distinct socio-economic context of Nepal.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a simple random sampling method in collecting data from 168 listed companies in Nepal. The data were collected using structured questionnaires. Then, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the stated hypotheses.FindingsResults showed that all types of CSR practices positively affect the firm's reputation and profitability. However, a firm's reputation was better explained by the external CSR practices, and profitability was better explained by the internal CSR practices. Moreover, CSR practices were more strongly linked with the firm's reputation than profitability.Research limitations/implicationsPerceptual data on profitability may be seen as a limitation although it can capture the current profitability situation as well as a future prospect within a single construct.Practical implicationsPracticing managers can consider CSR as an important strategic issue to stay ahead in competition rather than simply a response to regulatory requirements or stakeholder pressures.Originality/valuePerhaps this is the first study to examine the effects of internal CSR practices, external CSR practices, and aggregated CSR practices separately on the firm's reputation and profitability in the unique socio-economic context of Nepal.
The consensus Nglyco‐X‐S/T motif and a previously unknown Nglyco‐N‐linked glycosylation are necessary for growth and pathogenicity of Phytophthora
Authors: Zhang Can , Cai Meng , Chen Shanshan , Zhang Fan , Cui Tongshan , Xue Zhaolin , Wang Weizhen , Zhang Borui , Liu Xili 
Published: March 2021

SummaryAsparagine (Asn, N)‐linked glycosylation within Nglyco‐X‐S/T; X ≠ P motif is a ubiquitously distributed post‐translational modification that participates in diverse cellular processes. In this work, N‐glycosylation inhibitor was shown to prevent Phytophthora sojae growth, suggesting that N‐glycosylation is necessary for oomycete development. We conducted a glycoproteomic analysis of P. sojae to identify and map N‐glycosylated proteins and to quantify differentially expressed glycoproteins associated with mycelia, asexual cyst, and sexual oospore developmental stages. A total of 355 N‐glycosylated proteins was found, containing 496 glycosites, potentially involved in glycan degradation, carbon metabolism, glycolysis, or other metabolic pathways. Through PNGase F deglycosylation assays and site‐directed mutagenesis of a GPI transamidase protein (GPI16) upregulated in cysts and a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) upregulated in oospores, we demonstrated that both proteins were N‐glycosylated and that the Nglyco‐N motif is a target site for asparagine – oligosaccharide linkage. Glycosite mutations of Asn 94 Nglyco‐X‐S/T in the GPI16 led to impaired cyst germination and pathogenicity, while mutation of the previously unknown Asn 270 Nglyco‐N motif in HSP70 led to decreased oospore production. In addition to providing a map of the oomycete N‐glycoproteome, this work confirms that P. sojae has evolved multiple N‐glycosylation motifs essential for growth.
Ground‐Rent and Capital Accumulation in Australia
Authors: Grinberg Nicolás 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an original estimation of the size of the ground‐rent appropriated by competing social subjects in the Australian economy over the long term, and of several economic variables necessary to accomplish that measurement. The paper also assesses the relative importance of ground‐rent in total surplus‐value and the Australian process of capital accumulation, finding that it constitutes a significant portion. Finally, the paper estimates the determinants of the ground‐rent yielded by mining lands used to produced iron ore and mineral coal during the recent ‘commodities price boom’, stressing the importance of the location factor.
The association of vertically integrated care with health care use and outcomes
Authors: Huckfeldt Peter J. , Gu Jing , Escarce José J. , Karaca‐Mandic Pinar , Sood Neeraj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether vertically integrated hospital and skilled nursing facility (SNF) care is associated with more efficient use of postdischarge care and better outcomes.Data SourcesMedicare provider, beneficiary, and claims data from 2012 to 2014.Study DesignWe compared facility characteristics, quality of care, and health care use for hospital‐based SNFs and “virtually integrated” SNFs (defined as freestanding SNFs with close referral relationships with a single hospital) relative to nonintegrated freestanding SNFs. Among patients admitted to integrated SNFs, we estimated differences in health care use and outcomes for patients originating from the parent hospital (ie, receiving vertically integrated care) versus other hospitals using linear regressions that included SNF fixed effects. We estimated bounds for our main estimates that incorporated potential omitted variables bias.Data Extraction MethodsWe identified hospital‐based SNFs based on provider data. We defined virtually integrated SNFs based on patient flows between hospitals and SNFs. We identified SNF episodes, preceding hospital stays, patient characteristics, health care use, and patient outcomes using Medicare data.Principal FindingsConsistent with prior research, integrated SNFs performed better on quality measures and health care use relative to nonintegrated SNFs (eg, hospital‐based SNFs had 11‐day shorter stays compared with nonintegrated SNFs adjusting for patient characteristics, P < .001). Stroke patients admitted to hospital‐based SNFs from the parent hospital had shorter preceding hospital stays (adjusted difference: −1.2 days, P = .001) and shorter initial SNF stays (adjusted difference: −2.7 days, P = .049); estimates were attenuated but still robust accounting for potential omitted variables bias. For stroke patients, associations between vertically integrated care and other outcomes were either statistically insignificant or not robust to accounting for potential omitted variables bias.ConclusionsVertically integrated hospital and SNF care was associated with shorter hospital and SNF stays. However, there were few beneficial associations with other outcomes, suggesting limited coordination benefits from vertical integration.
Feeding on clean food? Potential effects of electric organ discharges by Torpedo spp. (Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae) on their trophically transmitted parasites
Authors: PENADÉS‐SUAY Jaime , REGACHO Tania , AZNAR Francisco Javier 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMembers of the Torpedinidae (torpedoes) and Hypnidae (coffin ray) use electric organ discharges (EOD) to stun or kill their prey before consumption. We investigated whether EOD could also negatively affect the helminth larvae infecting these preys through a surrogate model: we applied electric discharges to individuals of blue whiting, Micromesistius poutassou, that harbored live larvae of Anisakis. Larval mortality throughout a 6‐h period was significantly higher in the treatment group, suggesting that EODs could significantly hamper helminth recruitment. We then tested whether torpedinids and hypnids (“strong‐EOD” families) harbored species‐poor helminth (cestode) assemblages compared with “weak‐EOD” Torpediniformes (Narcidae and Narkidae) and other Batoidea. Based on comparisons on estimated species diversity and mean species richness of tapeworms at host individual level we found that (i) Torpediniformes had the lowest tapeworm diversity of all Batoidea orders; (ii) Torpedo spp. consistently had the lowest mean cestode richness at host individual level, and this could not be related to other host factors influencing cestode diversity in chondrichthyans, that is body size, trophic level or dietary breath. However, a preliminary comparison between “strong‐EOD” and “weak‐EOD” Torpediniformes did not detect clear differences of cestode richness. Thus, evidence supporting an unambiguous contribution of EODs to depauperate cestode assemblages requires further research.
Physiological activity of E. coli engineered to produce butyric acid
Authors: Park Young‐Tae , Kim Taejung , Ham Jungyeob , Choi Jaeyoung , Lee Hoe‐Suk , Yeon Young Joo , Choi Soo In , Kim Nayoung , Kim Yeon‐Ran , Seok Yeong‐Jae 
Published: March 2021

SummaryFaecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) is one of the most abundant bacteria in the human intestine, with its anti‐inflammatory effects establishing it as a major effector in human intestinal health. However, its extreme sensitivity to oxygen makes its cultivation and physiological study difficult. F. prausnitzii produces butyric acid, which is beneficial to human gut health. Butyric acid is a short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates, such as dietary fibre in the large bowel. The genes encoding butyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (BCD) and butyryl‐CoA:acetate CoA transferase (BUT) in F. prausnitzii were cloned and expressed in E. coli to determine the effect of butyric acid production on intestinal health using DSS‐induced colitis model mice. The results from the E. coli Nissle 1917 strain, expressing BCD, BUT, or both, showed that BCD was essential, while BUT was dispensable for producing butyric acid. The effects of different carbon sources, such as glucose, N‐acetylglucosamine (NAG), N‐acetylgalactosamine (NAGA), and inulin, were compared with results showing that the optimal carbon sources for butyric acid production were NAG, a major component of mucin in the human intestine, and glucose. Furthermore, the anti‐inflammatory effects of butyric acid production were tested by administering these strains to DSS‐induced colitis model mice. The oral administration of the E. coli Nissle 1917 strain, carrying the expression vector for BCD and BUT (EcN‐BCD‐BUT), was found to prevent DSS‐induced damage. Introduction of the BCD expression vector into E. coli Nissle 1917 led to increased butyric acid production, which improved the strain’s health‐beneficial effects.
Association between bariatric surgery and risks of cancer among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wei Yihui , Wong Simon K. H. , Wu Tingting , Law Betty T. T. , Ng Enders K. W. , Lam Cindy L. K. , Wong Carlos K. H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo examine risks of cancers, obesity‐related cancers (eg, cancers in digestive organs, breast, ovary, kidney, thyroid, and myeloma), cancer‐related mortality, and all‐cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity who underwent bariatric surgery.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 1944 T2DM patients with obesity (345 bariatric surgery patients and 1599 matched controls) who were free of cancer from 2006 to 2017 was assembled. One‐to‐five propensity score matching followed by propensity score trimming was used to balance baseline covariates.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up period of 37 months, there are risks that in 3.2%, 1.4%, 0.9%, and 3.2% of bariatric patients cancer, obesity‐related cancer, cancer‐related mortality, and all‐cause mortality, respectively, would occur. Surgical patients were found to have reduced incidence rates (IRs) of obesity‐related cancer (0.531/100 person‐years, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.172‐1.238/100 person‐years) and cancer of breast and genital organs (0.394/100 person‐years, 95% CI: 0.048‐1.424/100 person‐years) than matched control patients whose IRs for obesity‐related cancer and cancer of breast and genital organs were 0.627/100 person‐years (95% CI: 0.426‐0.889/100 person‐years) and 0.521/100 person‐years (95% CI: 0.277‐0.891/100 person‐years), respectively. Patients in the surgical group had a significant reduction in risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.508, P = .041). Effects of bariatric surgery on any cancers (HR = 1.254, P = .510), obesity‐related cancers (HR = 0.843, P = .724), and cancer mortality (HR = 1.304, P = .694) were not significant.ConclusionsBariatric surgery was not associated with risks of overall cancer, obesity‐related cancer, and cancer mortality among T2DM patients with obesity at 3 years.
Joint hypermobility and its association with self‐reported knee health: A cross‐sectional study of healthy Australian adults
Authors: Chan Cliffton , Qi Haiwei H. , Baldwin Jennifer N. , McKay Marnee J. , Burns Joshua , Nicholson Leslie L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe primary aim of this study was to determine the association between generalized joint hypermobility (GJH), knee‐specific hypermobility (KSH) and self‐reported knee health in an Australian population. Secondary aims included elucidating ethnic/gender differences in GJH/KSH prevalence and knee health, and identifying KSH using a novel knee extension range of motion cut‐off method.MethodKnee extension range, Beighton score, and 5 domains of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were collected from adults aged 18‐101 years self‐identifying as healthy, and were grouped by ethnicity and gender. Two established Beighton score criteria and 1 novel knee extension range cut‐off method were used to determine GJH and KSH respectively. Point‐biserial correlation tested the associations between GJH/KSH and KOOS. Differences in GJH/KSH prevalence and knee health between ethnic/gender groups were determined with the Chi‐squared test.ResultsOf 732 participants (50% male), 80.3% were Caucasian. No correlations were found between GJH and KOOS while a very weak correlation was found between KSH and 1 KOOS domain (r > −.30; P = .04). Prevalence of GJH was higher in non‐Caucasians (17.4% vs 5.6%, P < .001) and females (4.4% vs 1.1%, P = .007). Prevalence of KSH between ethnic and gender groups was not significantly different (P = .50 and P = .69 respectively). Non‐Caucasians scored higher (better) in all KOOS domains than Caucasians (all P < .05).ConclusionThose who met the age‐ and gender‐specific criteria for GJH/KSH did not report worse knee health than their non‐hypermobile counterparts. Clinicians can assure individuals who exhibit GJH/KSH that these are not associated with lower knee health and function.
Feasibility investigation of near‐infrared fluorescence imaging with intravenous indocyanine green method in uniport video‐assisted thoracoscopic anatomical segmentectomy for identifying the intersegmental boundary line
Authors: Sun Yungang , Zhang Qiang , Wang Zhao , Shao Feng , Yang Rusong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the perioperative outcomes of patients who underwent uniport video‐assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) segmentectomy for identifying the intersegmental boundary line (IBL) by the near‐infrared fluorescence imaging with the intravenous indocyanine green (ICG) method or the modified inflation‐deflation (MID) method and assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the ICG fluorescence (ICGF)‐based method.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the perioperative data in total 198 consecutive patients who underwent uniport VATS segmentectomy between February 2018 and August 2020. With the guidance of a preoperative imaging interpretation and analysis system (IQQA‐3D), the targeted segment structures could be precisely identified and dissected, and then the IBL was confirmed by the ICGF‐based method or the MID method. The clinical effectiveness and postoperative complications of the two methods were evaluated.ResultsAn IBL was visible in 98% of patients in the ICGF‐based group, even with low doses of ICG. The ICGF‐based group was significantly associated with a shorter IBL clear presentation time (23.6 ± 4.4 vs. 23.6 ± 4.4 s) (p < 0.01) and operative time (89.3 ± 31.6 vs. 112.9 ± 33.3 min) (p < 0.01) compared to the MID group. The incidence of postoperative prolonged air leaks was higher in the MID group than in the ICGF‐based group (8/100, 8% vs. 26/98, 26.5%, p = 0.025). There were no significant differences in bleeding volume, chest tube duration, postoperative hospital stays, surgical margin width, and other postoperative complications.ConclusionThe ICGF‐based method could highly accurately identify the IBL and make anatomical segmentectomy easier and faster, and therefore has the potential to be a feasible and effective technique to facilitate the quality of uniport VATS segmentectomy.