bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning‐based efficient stress intensity factor calculation for aeroengine disk probabilistic risk assessment under polynomial stress fields
Authors: Xu Tongge , Ding Shuiting , Zhou Huimin , Li Guo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn probabilistic failure risk assessment, the accuracy and efficiency of the stress intensity factor calculation are important. The universal weight function method has been widely adopted for efficiency, but this method still has some debatable parts. For accurate and efficient stress intensity factor prediction, two approaches for machine learning techniques are specially designed. Three tests are conducted for the first approach where Gaussian process regression, tree‐structure models, and artificial neural network are evaluated and compared for the ability of interpolation and extrapolation. Results show that the artificial neural network and extremely randomized trees perform better. Hybrid models in the second approach are also proposed, and results show that the accuracy of SIF calculation can be improved by 5–35% compared with the weight function. Real aeroengine disks are adopted, and the errors of machine learning methods are less than 20% in the disk life calculation.
A novel approach to partitioning evapotranspiration into evaporation and transpiration in flooded ecosystems
Authors: Eichelmann Elke , Mantoani Mauricio C. , Chamberlain Samuel D. , Hemes Kyle S. , Oikawa Patricia Y. , Szutu Daphne , Valach Alex , Verfaillie Joseph , Baldocchi Dennis D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReliable partitioning of micrometeorologically measured evapotranspiration (ET) into evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) would greatly enhance our understanding of the water cycle and its response to climate change related shifts in local‐to‐regional climate conditions and rising global levels of vapor pressure deficit (VPD). While some methods on ET partitioning have been developed, their underlying assumptions make them difficult to apply more generally, especially in sites with large contributions of E. Here, we report a novel ET partitioning method using artificial neural networks (ANNs) in combination with a range of environmental input variables to predict daytime E from nighttime ET measurements. The study uses eddy covariance data from four restored wetlands in the Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta, California, USA, as well as leaf‐level T data for validation. The four wetlands vary in their vegetation make‐up and structure, representing a range of ET conditions. The ANNs were built with increasing complexity by adding the input variable that resulted in the next highest average value of model testing R2 across all sites. The order of variable inclusion (and importance) was: VPD > gap‐filled sensible heat flux (H_gf) > air temperature (Tair) > friction velocity (u∗) > other variables. The model using VPD, H_gf, Tair, and u∗ showed the best performance during validation with independent data and had a mean testing R2 value of 0.853 (averaged across all sites, range from 0.728 to 0.910). In comparison to other methods, our ANN method generated T/ET partitioning results which were more consistent with CO2 exchange data especially for more heterogeneous sites with large E contributions. Our method improves the understanding of T/ET partitioning. While it may be particularly suited to flooded ecosystems, it can also improve T/ET partitioning in other systems, increasing our knowledge of the global water cycle and ecosystem functioning.
In vitro effects of emicizumab on activated clotting time in blood samples from cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Tanaka Kenichi A. , Henderson Reney , Thangaraju Kiruphagaran , Morita Yoshihisa , Mazzeffi Michael A. , Strauss Erik , Katneni Upendra , Buehler Paul W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeparin management in hemophilia A (HA) patients with a factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor can be challenging due to severe activated clotting time (ACT) prolongations. It is important to better understand the impact of emicizumab, a FVIII mimetic on ACT, and tissue factor (TF)‐based coagulation assays.MethodsWhole blood from 18 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were mixed in vitro with pooled normal plasma, FVIII‐deficient or FVIII‐inhibitor plasma to affect functional FVIII levels. ACTs and heparin concentration by protamine titration were measured in whole blood mixture with/without emicizumab (50‐100 μg/ml). Thrombin generation and plasmin generation were measured in the patient's plasma mixed with normal plasma or FVIII‐inhibitor plasma to assess the impact of emicizumab under low TF activation.ResultsFVIII inhibitors prolonged ACTs by 2.2‐fold compared to those in normal plasma mixture at baseline. During CPB, ACTs in normal plasma mixture, and FVIII‐deficient mixture were in 400s, but ACTs reached 900s in FVIII‐inhibitor mixture. Emicizumab shortened ACTs by up to 100s in normal plasma mixture, and FVIII‐deficient mixtures. ACTs remained over 600s in FVIII‐inhibitor mixture, despite adding emicizumab at 100 μg/ml. Heparin concentration measured by TF‐based protamine titration was unaffected. Emicizumab enhanced thrombin peak in the presence of FVIII inhibitors, whereas plasmin generation was mainly affected by thrombin generation, and systemic use of ɛ‐aminocaproic acid.ConclusionsFVIII inhibitors extensively prolong ACTs in heparinized whole blood, and clinical levels of emicizumab partially reverse ACT values. Protamine titration should be considered for optimal heparin monitoring in emicizumab‐treated patients with FVIII inhibitors.
Exercise ameliorates insulin resistance and improves ASK1‐mediated insulin signalling in obese rats
Authors: Zhang Yong , Ye Tingting , Zhou Puqing , Li Runjing , Liu Zuofeng , Xie Jianyuan , Hua Tianmiao , Sun Qingyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence reveals that physical exercise is an efficient therapeutical approach in the treatment of insulin resistance (IR) and related metabolic diseases. However, the potential beneficial effects of exercise on insulin resistance and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent findings elucidated the negative role of ASK1 in repressing the glucose uptake through JNK1‐IRS1‐Akt signalling in liver. Thus, a detailed investigation of the effect of ASK1‐mediated insulin signalling on exercise‐mediated improvement of insulin sensitivity and its underlying mechanism was implemented in this study. Using a high‐fat diet‐induced IR rat model of chronic or acute swimming exercise training, we here showed that body weight and visceral fat mass were significantly reduced after chronic exercise. Moreover, chronic exercise reduced serum FFAs levels and hepatic triglyceride content. Both chronic and acute exercise promoted glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Meanwhile, both chronic and acute exercise decreased ASK1 phosphorylation and improved JNK1‐IRS1‐Akt signalling. Furthermore, exercise training decreased CFLAR, CREG and TRAF1 protein levels in liver of obese rats, which are positive regulator of ASK1 activity. These results suggested that swimming exercise demonstrated to be an effective ameliorator of IR through the regulation of ASK1‐mediated insulin signalling and therefore, could present a prospective therapeutic mean towards the treatment of IR and several metabolic diseases based on IR, containing NAFLD and type Ⅱ diabetes.
Reduced pregnancy and live birth rates after in vitro fertilization in women with cesarean section scar diverticulum: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Ling , Huang Sunxing , Yuan Yuan , Li Yubin , Chen Minghui , Zhou Canquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe primary aim of the study was to investigate the effect of cesarean scar diverticulum on the reproductive outcome of embryo transfer. The secondary aim was to assess the impact of endometrial cavity fluid on the reproductive outcome of embryo transfer among patients with a cesarean scar diverticulum.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. The study included 1538 patients, of whom 215 patients with an existing cesarean scar diverticulum and 1323 patients without cesarean scar diverticulum. A subgroup analysis of the impact of endometrial cavity fluid on the reproductive outcome of frozen embryo transfers among patients with a cesarean scar diverticulum was also conducted.ResultsThe odds of clinical pregnancy in the noncesarean section diverticulum group was higher than that in the diverticulum group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–2.34 and adjusted OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.25–2.34). The odds of live birth in the noncesarean section diverticulum group was also significantly higher than that in the cesarean section diverticulum group (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.15–2.24 and adjusted OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.23). The existence of endometrial cavity fluid during endometrial preparation significantly reduced the pregnancy and live birth rate of frozen embryo transfer among the patients with cesarean section diverticulum.ConclusionThe presence of cesarean section scar diverticulum had an adverse impact on the pregnancy and live birth rate after in vitro fertilization. The endometrial cavity fluid among the patients with cesarean section scar diverticulum accounted for the reduced pregnancy and live birth rate partly.
Guide and advances on childhood obesity determinants: Setting the research agenda
Authors: Tur Josep A. , Martinez J. Alfredo 
Published: November 2021

SummaryChildhood obesity demands global solutions. Low birth weight and small for gestational age were associated with childhood obesity. Available data do not support prenatal exposure to antibiotics as risk factor for childhood obesity, and posology must be assessed. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants shows associations with childhood obesity. Gut microbiota composition influences obesity onset in childhood. Despite the unquestionable role of Mediterranean diet on healthy weight, there are only incomplete indications of metabolic benefits in childhood weight after following Mediterranean diet. Negative association between total dairy consumption and childhood obesity has been found, but inverse causality could not be discarded. Ultra‐processed food intake is an adverse determinant of childhood obesity. Physical inactivity and sedentarism are critical risk factors of children adiposity; hence, built environment and environmental features will be determinants of childhood obesity. A consistent metabolic pattern of childhood obesity was observed; metabolomics research is needed to assess the role of specific molecules concerning childhood obesity. Epigenetic experiences support association with childhood obesity for DNA methylation of specific genes and miRNAs. Therefore, recent childhood obesity rates cannot only be explained by genetic predisposition and changes in lifestyle habits. It implies gene–environment interactions. It will be the next research.
Interpretation of hydrothermal conditions, production-injection induced effects, and evidence for enhanced geothermal system-type heat exchange in response to &gt;30 years of production at Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, USA
Authors: Simmons Stuart F. , Allis Rick G. , Kirby Stefan M. , Moore Joseph N. , Fischer Tobias P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Roosevelt Hot Springs hydrothermal system is located at the base of the Mineral Mountains in southwestern Utah on the eastern side of the Basin and Range. Hydrothermal activity is related to relatively recent bimodal magmatism, and the system is hosted in coarsely crystalline rock made of Oligocene–Miocene granitoids and Precambrian gneiss. The hydrothermal plume covers ∼5 km2, with a maximum temperature of 268 °C at ∼750 m depth, and a vertically extensive fault-fracture mesh east of the Opal Mound fault controls the upflow of hydrothermal fluids. Power generation (currently 38 MWe gross) began in 1984, and up through 2016, four wells were used for fluid production, and three wells were used for edge-field injection. Chemical analyses of produced fluids show that modern reservoir fluid compositions are similar to but more concentrated than those at the start of production, having near-neutral pH, total dissolved solids of 7000–10,000 mg/kg, and ionic ratios of Cl/HCO3 ∼50–100, Cl/SO4 ∼50–100, and Na/K ∼4–5. Chemical geothermometers indicate equilibration temperatures that mainly range between 240° and 300 °C. Early production induced a steep drop in pressure (∼3.0–3.5 MPa), which was accompanied by a 250–300 m lowering of piezometric levels in wells and development of a shallow steam zone across the system. Hydrothermal fluid compositions evolved continuously in response to production-related steam-loss and injection breakthrough, which is reflected by gradual increases in chloride of up to 35% and stable isotope ratios of up to ∼2‰δ18O and ∼10‰δD. Simple mixing model calculations suggest that there has been a significant amount, ∼10–20 MWth, of sustained multi-decadal heat mining and enhanced geothermal system (EGS)–type heat transfer by the injectate as it returns to the production zone. Overall, the two factors that have sustained long-term power production (currently 38 MWe gross) are the increased upflow of deep chloride water and, to a lesser extent, the mining of heat at &lt;1 km depth.
Insights from the geological record of deformation along the subduction interface at depths of seismogenesis
Authors: Fisher Donald M. , Hooker John N. , Smye Andrew J. , Chen Tsai-Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSubduction interfaces are loci of interdependent seismic slip behavior, fluid flow, and mineral redistribution. Mineral redistribution leads to coupling between fluid flow and slip behavior through decreases in porosity/permeability and increases in cohesion during the interseismic period. We investigate this system from the perspective of ancient accretionary complexes with regional zones of mélange that record noncoaxial strain during underthrusting adjacent to the subduction interface. Deformation of weak mudstones is accompanied by low-grade metamorphic reactions, dissolution along scaly microfaults, and the removal of fluid-mobile chemical components, whereas stronger sandstone blocks preserve veins that contain chemical components depleted in mudstones. These observations support local diffusive mass transport from scaly fabrics to veins during interseismic viscous coupling. Underthrusting sediments record a crack porosity that fluctuates due to the interplay of cracking and precipitation. Permanent interseismic deformation involves pressure solution slip, strain hardening, and the development of new shears in undeformed material. In contrast, coseismic slip may be accommodated within observed narrow zones of cataclastic deformation at the top of many mélange terranes. A kinetic model implies interseismic changes in physical properties in less than hundreds of years, and a numerical model that couples an earthquake simulator with a fluid flow system depicts a subduction zone interface governed by feedbacks between fluid production, permeability, hydrofracturing, and aging via mineral precipitation. During an earthquake, interseismic permeability reduction is followed by coseismic rupture of low permeability seals and fluid pressure drop in the seismogenic zone. Updip of the seismogenic zone, there is a post-seismic wave of higher fluid pressure that propagates trenchward.
TP53 Pathway Function, Estrogen Receptor Status, and Breast Cancer Risk Factors in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study
Authors: Hurson Amber N. , Abubakar Mustapha , Hamilton Alina M. , Conway Kathleen , Hoadley Katherine A. , Love Michael I. , Olshan Andrew F. , Perou Charles M. , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Troester Melissa A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
TP53 and estrogen receptor (ER) both play essential roles in breast cancer development and progression, with recent research revealing cross-talk between TP53 and ER signaling pathways. Although many studies have demonstrated heterogeneity of risk factor associations across ER subtypes, associations by TP53 status have been inconsistent.

Methods:
This case–case analysis included incident breast cancer cases (47% Black) from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (1993–2013). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples were classified for TP53 functional status (mutant-like/wild-type-like) using a validated RNA signature. For IHC-based TP53 status, mutant-like was classified as at least 10% positivity. We used two-stage polytomous logistic regression to evaluate risk factor heterogeneity due to RNA-based TP53 and/or ER, adjusting for each other and for PR, HER2, and grade. We then compared this with the results when using IHC-based TP53 classification.

Results:
The RNA-based classifier identified 55% of tumors as TP53 wild-type-like and 45% as mutant-like. Several hormone-related factors (oral contraceptive use, menopausal status, age at menopause, and pre- and postmenopausal body mass index) were associated with TP53 mutant-like status, whereas reproductive factors (age at first birth and parity) and smoking were associated with ER status. Multiparity was associated with both TP53 and ER. When classifying TP53 status using IHC methods, no associations were observed with TP53. Associations observed with RNA-based TP53 remained after accounting for basal-like subtype.

Conclusions:
This case–case study found breast cancer risk factors associated with RNA-based TP53 and ER.

Impact:
RNA-based TP53 and ER represent an emerging etiologic schema of interest in breast cancer prevention research.
Os requisitos de projeto em contexto de pandemia: uma discussão sobre os espaços de ensino em universidades públicas
Authors: Faria Renata Soares , Andery Paulo Roberto Pereira 
Published: November 2021

O ano de 2020 ficará marcado, entre muitos eventos, pela pandemia que reformulou as formas de morar, locomover, trabalhar e várias outras dimensões da vida. O Ministério da Educação lançou em julho de 2020 o primeiro protocolo de biossegurança para retorno das atividades presenciais. O retorno não foi imediato, ao retomar suas atividades de ensino, as instituições optaram por atividades remotas devido ao risco que as aglomerações representam para disseminação da COVID-19. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar, à luz dos primeiros protocolos de segurança emitidos por órgãos públicos, que diretrizes poderão ser utilizadas para desenvolvimento de requisitos que comporão os programas de necessidades dos projetos arquitetônicos, com ênfase em espaços de ensino de instituições públicas de ensino superior. Analisa-se como essas diretrizes poderão ser incorporadas às soluções arquitetônicas do ponto de vista do uso ou operação dos espaços. O marco metodológico foi estudo de caso, com ênfase em análise documental. As análises mostram que as medidas buscam a redução de risco associado ao contato entre pessoas e entre pessoas e superfícies contaminadas, e são em sua maioria requisitos comportamentais e relacionados ao uso e ocupação. Notam-se que requisitos funcionais e de habitabilidade poderão orientar decisões futuras de projeto. O fato da pandemia está em andamento, torna difícil concluir sobre os impactos que eventualmente mudarão a forma de projetar os espaços. Contudo, não diminui a importância de aproveitar-se a oportunidade para discutir o impacto dessas questões de biossegurança na determinação de requisitos de projeto e seu desenvolvimento nos projetos arquitetônicos.
Free Evaluation of Evidence: Does the icc need a Law of Evidence?
Authors: Sorvatzioti Demetra Fr. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The International Criminal Court appears to have adopted a sui generis legal framework which favours the oldest features of both the common law and the continental law. Historically, the common law and continental legal systems have conceived questions of evidence and proof differently. Therefore, modes of judicial thinking are also different. The continental approach in the Bemba case freely evaluated the evidence. The common law approach evaluated the evidence against the burden of proof. Even though free evaluation may assist the truth-seeking mission of the Court on admissibility, the decision at the end of the trial requires rigorous evaluation only against the burden of proof. The common law of evidence provides a judicial thinking process for evaluating evidence, but free evaluation does not. This paper addresses whether the icc should develop its own evidence law to provide a route of rigorous judicial thinking when weighing evidence at the deliberation phase.
‘Why Are You Not Crying?’
Authors: Akom Ankobrey Gladys , Mazzucato Valentina , Wagner Lauren B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the ways in which young people with a migration background develop their own transnational engagement with their or their parents’ country of origin. Drawing on 17-months of multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in the Netherlands and Ghana, we add to the emerging literature on ‘return’ mobilities by analysing young people of Ghanaian background, irrespective of whether they or their parents migrated, and by looking at an under-researched form of mobility that they engage in: that of attending funerals in Ghana. Funerals occupy a central role in Ghanaian society, and thus allow young people to gain knowledge about cultural practices, both by observing and embodying them, and develop their relationships with people in Ghana. Rather than reproducing their parents’ transnational attachments, young people recreate these according to their own needs, which involves dealing with tensions. Peer relationships—which have largely gone unnoticed in transnational migration studies—play a significant role in this process.
Blogging as Digital Citizen Participation
Authors: Andrianimanana Fortunat Miarintsoa , Roca-Cuberes Carles 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the political blogging of the Malagasy diaspora as part of their transnational political participation. It focuses on three aspects of the blogs: the most frequent topics addressed, how are the topics addressed, and the political bloggers. To do this, a Thematic Content Analysis based on four categories (‘soapboxes’, ‘transmission belts’, ‘conversation starters’ and ‘mobilisers’) of four of their most active and influential political blogs was conducted. The analysis revealed that (i) the blogs are mostly “soapboxes” that consist of commenting the political issues in Madagascar, (ii) their contents were mostly focused on the coup d’ état in 2009, and (iii) the bloggers are involved in direct political participation in parallel offline. This paper shows the role of the studied blogs as tribunes of opinions that gather a partisan audience discussing the Malagasy political issues, and as judgment tools contributing to the braking or fuelling of Madagascar’s international relations.
Making a Maskil Mainstream: Adapting Haskalah Scholarship for a 19th-Century Rabbinic Audience
Authors: Jacobi Leor 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Passover Cup of Elijah is often explained as an expression of rabbinic uncertainty regarding a fifth cup mandated by some opinions in the Babylonian Talmud. The explanation is based upon other talmudic passages which mention halakhic uncertainties that will be resolved by Elijah when he eventually comes to herald the long anticipated redemption. The explanation is commonly attributed to the Gaon of Vilna; however, no historically reliable source supports this attribution. This explanation was first published by the great maskil, Isaac Ber Levinsohn, and was attributed to the Gaon of Vilna by Eliezer Zweifel. An alternate shift of attribution was to R. Ephraim Zalman Margolioth. Attribution to a great rabbinic authority helped the explanation gain circulation and approval among the general rabbinic audience to the present day.