bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
नेपाली नारी नाटकमा प्रगतिवाद
Authors: Maharjan Kanchhi 
Published: May 2021

नेपालमा उत्पीडित श्रमजीवी शोषित वर्ग जुर्मुराउँदा निरङ्कुश राणाशासनको पतन भई २००७ सालमा प्रजातन्त्रको उदय भयो । तत्पश्चात् साहित्यका विविध विधामा प्रगतिवादी साहित्य लेखन आरम्भ भयो । नेपाली नाटकको क्षेत्रमा वासु पासाको किसान हो ! (२००८) पहिलो प्रगतिवादी नाटकको रूपमा देखा पर्दछ । नेपाली नाटकको आधुनिक कालखण्डमा आएर मात्र देखा परेको नारी नाट्यरचनामा पनि प्रगतिवादी चिन्तन देखिन्छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा निगमनात्मक शोधविधिको उपयोग गरिएको छ । यसमा प्रगतिवादी चिन्तनका केही निश्चित उपकरणलाई लिएर केही प्रतिनिधि नारी नाटकमा पाइने प्रगतिवादी चेतनाको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस क्रममा आवश्यकताअनुसार प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक स्रोतबाट सामग्री सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । सङ्कलित सामग्रीको व्याख्यात्मक र विवरणात्मक ढङ्गबाट व्यवस्थापन गरिएको छ । आरम्भिक चरणदेखि नेपाली नारी नाटकमा प्रगतिवाद देखिए तापनि पचासको दशकपछि प्रकाशित नारी नाटकमा प्रगतिवादको सचेत र सशक्त प्रकटीकरण देखिन्छ भन्ने नै प्रस्तुत लेखको निचोड हो ।
Experimental study of capillary penetration in rectangular Hele-Shaw cells closed by two edges
Authors: Diez Barroso-Agraz R. , Gómez-López G. , López-Villa A. , Serrano D.A. 
Published: May 2021

Here is studied the capillary penetration of a viscous liquid between two vertical, rectangular close together plates. In experiments the plates were joined simultaneously along two edges, and the liquid has penetrated from the bottom. Spacers with different geometries like circular, triangular and rectangular shape, were used to check their aects on the rise proles in a dynamic way, it was noticed that when time evolves, the proles are stabilized in a catenary and the instabilities induced by efforts present in the plates disappear. Also, it is observed a rate of ascent that diers of classical values of t^1/3 or t^1/2, depending of gravity effect.
Plane waves reversibility
Authors: Baldwin G. 
Published: May 2021

This work simulates reversibility of plane waves in different ways. We start making theoretical classical reversing of a plane wave in two different ways exchanging t by –t as first step. In one case, we additionally flip the temporal orientation of the magnetic field. In the other case, we flip the electric field. Therefore, we can compare two classical approaches to time reversed electromagnetism on plane waves. On the other hand, we obtain two different mechanically reversed plane electromagnetic waves out of the frame of the electromagnetics reversibility theory. A theoretical experiment makes these effects, where, an infinite plane current generates two plane waves in opposite directions. After this, the waves are made to return by two different ways: (1) by retro reflecting and (2) by moving back the wave. Finally, the returning plane waves insides over a conductor plane in order to induce plane currents in the conductor. The goal is to complete reversibility cycles including the charges movement. The returning waves and the induced currents will be compared themselves in all the cases. Charges movements are also included in the discussion in order to have an additional felling of the waves reversibility and physical insight of time-reversed waves. It is used a plane waves theoretical experiment created by Feynman as a starting point [1]
Ajuste de resonancia doble en láseres de Brillouin de fibra óptica
Authors: Spirin V. V. , López Mercado C. A. , Bueno Escobedo J. L. , Fotiadi A. A. 
Published: May 2021

Reportamos una solución técnica simple para un ajuste preciso de la longitud de cavidades cortas de fibra óptica usadas comúnmente en los láseres de Brillouin. La cavidad ajustada del láser es simultáneamente resonante para el bombeo y la emisión de Stokes. La técnica propuesta está basada en registrar la respuesta de Brillouin de la cavidad a un escaneo frecuencial de la emisión del láser de bombeo. Las trazas almacenadas son utilizadas para calcular el exceso de longitud de la cavidad que necesita ser removido de la cavidad original para un ajuste preciso de la resonancia de Brillouin en cualquier longitud de onda preseleccionada del láser de bombeo. Para la comprobación de su funcionamiento se desarrolló el ajuste fino de una cavidad de anillo basada en fibra estándar SMF-28 de Corning de 4 m de longitud. Además, se presenta un análisis detallado del error en el algoritmo de ajuste de la doble resonancia en la cavidad de anillo de fibra del láser de Brillouin de corta longitud. La propuesta presentada es igual de útil para el diseño de láseres de fibra monomodo de espectro óptico ultra-angosto y láseres de fibra de Brillouin Q-switched, así como para aplicaciones que emplean alta potencia en cavidades de fibra que evitan la dispersión de Brillouin estimulada. We report a simple technical solution for precise adjustment of short fiber cavities commonly used with Brillouin fiber lasers. The adjusted laser cavity is simultaneously resonant for pump and Stokes radiations. The technique is based on recording the Brillouin response of the cavity to the frequency scanned laser radiation. The recorded traces are used to calculate the excess cavity length that needs to be removed from the original cavity to provide its precise adjustment to the Brillouin resonance at any preselected pump laser wavelength. For demonstration of the approach, fine adjustment of a 4 m long ring cavity based on standard Corning SMF-28 fiber is performed. A detailed error analysis of the algorithm for adjustment of double resonance in short-length Brillouin ring fiber laser was presented. Demonstrated approach is equally useful for the design of single mode fiber lasers with ultra-narrow optical spectra, Q-switched Brillouin fiber lasers as well as for applications employing high power fiber cavities free from stimulated Brillouin scattering.
Analisa Pengaruh Pemeliharaan Machinery Dari Annual Survey Ke Intermediate Survey Dengan Menerapkan Maintanance Management System
Authors: Prasutiyon Hadi , Kurniawan Firdaus Dedy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract: In the field of shipping, maintenance of ships needs to be done to maintain the durability of the ship so that the life time is long so that the level of smooth productivity is not disturbed due to damage to the ship. Apart from that, regular surveys are also conducted to check the condition of the ship as well as to collect data on ships in the class. Ship maintenance in ensuring the implementation of the planned maintenance system (PMS) on the ship must meet the requirements. The survey studied in this study is about maintenance methods that are considered inaccurate in selecting the method of maintaining machinery and not applying a management which has an impact on work effectiveness. The research method used is a periodic survey method accompanied by implementing a Maintenance Management System tailored to the needs of the company. So that there are two main studies, namely the Annual Survey System and the Intermediate Survey System. This is to determine the right method for the company in calculating in terms of material, cost and time as well as maintenance management for each activity in order to create more effective work.Abstrak: Pada bidang perkapalan perawatan kapal perlu dilakukan untuk mempertahankan ketahanan kapal agar life time nya lama sehingga tingkat produktifitas lancar tidak terganggu akibat adanya kerusakan pada kapal. Selain itu juga dilakukan survey secara berkala untuk pengecekan kondisi kapal sekaligus pendataan kapal pada kelas. Perawatan kapal dalam menjamin terlaksananya pelaksanaan sistem pemeliharaan terencana (PMS, Planned Maintenance System) di kapal harus memenuhi persyaratan. Survey yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai metode pemeliharaan yang dianggap belum tepat dalam pemilihan metode pemeliharaan machinery dan tidak diterapkanya sebuah management yang berdampak kepada efektivitas kerja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey periodik disertai dengan menerapkan Maintenance Management System yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan perusahaan. Sehingga didapat dua kajian utama yakni Annual Survey System dan Intermediate Survey System. Hal ini untuk mengetahui metode yang tepat bagi perusahaan dalam menghitung dari segi material, biaya dan waktu serta pengelolaan pemeliharaan pada setiap kegiatan agar tercipta pekerjaan yang lebih efektif.
KONSUMSI AIR KEMASAN INDONESIA
Authors: Lestari Lulu 
Published: May 2021

Air minum merupakan kebutuhan manusia. Manusia membutuhkan setidaknya dua liter air untuk minum setiap harinya. Pemenuhan terhadap kebutuhan tersebut sangat bergantung pada ketersediaan sumber air minum yang layak. Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), penggunaan air kemasan di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 mencapai 36 persen. Angka tersebut meningkat 3 kali lipat dibandingkan sepuluh tahun sebelumnya. Peningkatan tersebut perlu diwaspadai mengingat air kemasan merupakan sumber air minum yang tidak berkelanjutan. Dalam penelitian berikut, dibentuk model yang dapat memprediksi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumsi air kemasan. Pemodelan dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM PLS). Pada tahap pembentukan model pengukuran diperoleh hasil: faktor demografi diukur melalui pertumbuhan penduduk dan urbanisasi, faktor pendapatan masyarakat diukur lewat pengeluaran masyarakat per kapita per bulan, faktor sosial budaya diukur melalui Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dan persentase masyarakat yang menonton televisi. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan model struktural didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa ketiga faktor dalam penelitian yaitu faktor demografi, faktor pendapatan masyarakat, dan faktor sosial budaya mempengaruhi konsumsi air kemasan di Indonesia. DKI Jakarta, Kepulauan Riau, Kalimantan Timur, Kalimantan Utara, dan Kepulauan Bangka Belitung merupakan provinsi-provinsi yang diprediksi memiliki peningkatan signifikan dalam konsumsi air kemasan berdasarkan model yang terbentuk.
Depression and Associated Factors Among Tea Garden Workers of Selected Tea Garden in Sylhet
Authors: Nowshin Iffat , Ahmed Mahmuda , Sattar Shahria 
Published: May 2021

Background: Tea garden workers play a crucial role to the economy of the country. Majority of the tea garden worker are females and suffer from various health problems including depression. The study was conducted to assess the extent of depression among the tea garden workers and their associated factors.
Methods: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 192 respondents in a selected tea garden name Jaflong tea garden in Goainghat, Sylhet. An interview was conducted face to face with the respondents for data collection with a semi-structured questionnaire. To assess the depression, the respondents were at first screened by General Health Questionnaire 12 and then who scored more than 2 were clinically assessed by Diagnostic and statistical manual fourth edition(DSM-4). After then Hamilton Rating scale for depression (HRDS) was used to measure the severity of depression among the diagnosed depressed cases. The study was conducted at Jaflong tea garden in Goainghat, Sylhet. The study period extended from September 2015 to February 2016.
Results: The results show about two third of the respondents were distributed in the age group 30-40 years. Out of the total 192 respondents 72 were male (37%) and 120 were female (63%).About four-fifth (80%) of the respondents were illiterate compared to only 20% respondents who had primary level education and all the respondents were inhabitant of slum. The monthly family income of the respondents was from 900 taka to 2500 taka. Among the total 192 respondents, 78 (40.7%) had a working experience of 16-21 years followed by 62 (32.3%) had 10-15 years and 52 (27%) had 4-9 years. Almost 80% of the respondents (n=152) worked for 8 hours. The proportion of depression among the particular tea garden workers were 21%. Altogether 40 respondents (out of 192) were found as patient of depression and the prevalence rate is more in ever married women of less than or equal to 35 years old and whose experience is 16-21 years and have to work more than or equal to 8 hours.
Conclusion: Workers with a potential to suffer from depression may be a crucial economic problem for employers. So from the present study, it is highlighted that mental illness is a significant public health problem in particular occupational sector that need to be addressed to the concerned people.
JOPSOM 2020; 39(2): 14-19
Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Tahshin Raihana , Kabir Md Iqbal , Flora Meerjady Sabrina 
Published: May 2021

Background: Breast cancer control in a low-income country such a Bangladesh is a challenging endeavor influenced by a myriad of forces. Quality of life is now considered an important endpoint in cancer clinical trials. The study was conducted to determine the quality of life of breast cancer patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 142 breast cancer patients. Data were collected by faceto- face interview using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaire from respondents once only ensuring the privacy, confidentiality and maintaining ethical issues. The study was conducted during the period from January 2012 to June 2012 in National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.
Results: The study revealed that majority of the participants were housewife (76.1%) and the maximum were in the 41-50 age groups. Mean age of the respondents was 42.80(±8.95) years. Maximum respondents (30%) had passed SSC and primary educated were 27%. The average monthly income was Tk. 11,570.70. Better income group (Tk. 15,000.00 monthly) enjoy better quality of life than other group. Quality of life was better in women living in joint family rather than nuclear family. Among 142 respondents who heard the name of breast cancer, majority of the respondents heard it from Neighbors/ Relatives. Adequate monthly income (p=0.006) and small size family (p=0.02) improved the quality of life while treatment specific attributes and duration of disease sufferings worsen the quality of life of breast cancer patients
Conclusion: The overall QOL score was considerably poor in this study. Early diagnosis with regular follow-up treatment could be a way of improving quality of life among breast cancer patients.
JOPSOM 2020; 39(2): 20-33
Islamic Hedging, Spekulasi atau Manajemen Risiko? (Analisis Kritik terhadap Islamic Hedging)
Authors: Fatturroyhan Fatturroyhan , Djayusman Royyan Ramdhani 
Published: May 2021

Permasalahan fluktuatif nilai tukar mata uang menyebabkan tergeraknya para ekonom keuangan konvensional melaksanakan hedging dalam bentuk kontrak-kontrak derivatif untuk menghindari risiko yang diakibatkan dari fluktuasi mata uang. Para ekonom Muslim, dalam menawarkan reformasi hedging mainstream dengan menghilangkan unsur-unsur pelanggaran syari’ah dan memasukkan akad-akad syari’ah ke dalamnya. Namun demikian, apakah unsur-unsur penyebab dilarangnya hedging sudah dieliminasi secara menyeluruh. Tulisan ini mencoba mendiskusikan permasalahan Islamic hedging, untuk dapat menawarkan solusi dari permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian literatur, metode analisis kritik pemikiran dengan menggunakan metode induktif dalam menemukan konsep Islamic hedging secara umum. Kemudian, dijelaskan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan analisis kritik sebagai kritikan terhadap Islamic hedging. Kesimpulan akhir dari tulisan ini adalah Islamic investment funds dan cadangan risiko nilai tukar sebagai alternatif dari Islamic hedging yang ternyata belum sepenuhnya mengeliminasi unsur-unsur gharar, riba dan maysir dan dapat dikatakan bahwa Islamic hedging adalah bentuk spekulasi.
Tumor Immune Microenvironment Characterization Identifies Prognosis and Immunotherapy-Related Gene Signatures in Melanoma
Authors: Liu Dan , Yang Xue , Wu Xiongzhi 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe tumor microenvironment (TME) involves infiltration of multiple immune cell subsets, which could influence the prognosis and clinical characteristics. The increasing evidence on the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in primary and metastatic melanomas supports that the immune system is involved in the progression and outcomes of melanoma. However, the immune infiltration landscape in melanoma has not been systematically elucidated.MethodsIn this study, we used CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms to analyze immune infiltration pattern of 993 melanoma samples. Then we screened differential expression genes (DEGs) related to immune subtypes and survival. The immune cell infiltration (ICI) score was constructed by using principal-component analysis (PCA) based on immune signature genes from DGEs. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to explore high and low ICI score related pathways. Finally, the predictive ability of ICI score was evaluated in survival prognosis and immunotherapy benefit.ResultWe identified three ICI clusters and three gene clusters associated with different immune subtypes and survival outcomes. Then the ICI score was constructed, and we found that high ICI score exhibited activated immune characteristics and better prognosis. High ICI score was significantly enriched in immune pathways and highly expressed immune signature genes. More importantly, we confirmed that melanoma patients with high ICI score had longer overall survival and rate of response to immunotherapy.ConclusionWe presented a comprehensive immune infiltration landscape in melanoma. Our results will facilitate understanding of the melanoma tumor microenvironment and provide a new immune therapy strategy.
SMA Identified: Clinical and Molecular Findings From a Sponsored Testing Program for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in More Than 2,000 Individuals
Authors: Bowen B. Monica , Truty Rebecca , Aradhya Swaroop , Bristow Sara L. , Johnson Britt A. , Morales Ana , Tan Christopher A. , Westbrook M. Jody , Winder Thomas L. , Chavez Juan C. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) linked to chromosome 5q is an inherited progressive neuromuscular disorder with a narrow therapeutic window for optimal treatment. Although genetic testing provides a definitive molecular diagnosis that can facilitate access to effective treatments, limited awareness and other barriers may prohibit widespread testing. In this study, the clinical and molecular findings of SMA Identified—a no-charge sponsored next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genetic testing program for SMA diagnosis—are reported.Methods: Between March 2018 and March 2020, unrelated individuals who had a confirmed or suspected SMA diagnosis or had a family history of SMA were eligible. All individuals underwent diagnostic genetic testing for SMA at clinician discretion. In total, 2,459 individuals were tested and included in this analysis. An NGS-based approach interrogated sequence and copy number of SMN1 and SMN2. Variants were confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification sequencing. Individuals were categorized according to genetic test results: diagnostic (two pathogenic SMN1 variants), nearly diagnostic (SMN1 exon-7 deletion with a variant of uncertain significance [VUS] in SMN1 or SMN2), indeterminate VUS (one VUS in SMN1 or SMN2), carrier (heterozygous SMN1 deletion only), or negative (no pathogenic variants or VUS in SMN1 or SMN2). Diagnostic yield was calculated. Genetic test results were analyzed based on clinician-reported clinical features and genetic modifiers (SMN2 copy number and SMN2 c.859G&gt;C).Results: In total, 2,459 unrelated individuals (mean age 24.3 ± 23.0 years) underwent diagnostic testing. The diagnostic yield for diagnostic plus nearly diagnostic results was 31.3% (n = 771/2,459). Age of onset and clinical presentation varied considerably for individuals and was dependent on SMN2 copy number. Homozygous deletions represented the most common genetic etiology (96.2%), with sequence variants also observed in probands with clinical diagnoses of SMA.Conclusions: Using a high-yield panel test in a no-charge sponsored program early in the diagnostic odyssey may open the door for medical interventions in a substantial number of individuals with SMA. These findings have potential implications for clinical management of probands and their families.
GABA, Glutamate, and NAA Levels in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei of Essential Tremor Patients
Authors: Buijink Arthur W. G. , Prent Naomi , Puts Nicolaas A. , Schrantee Anouk , Potters Wouter V. , van Rootselaar Anne-Fleur 
Published: May 2021

Background: Essential tremor is among the commonly observed movement disorders in clinical practice, however the exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying tremor are unknown. It has been suggested that Purkinje cell alterations play a causal factor in tremorgenesis. Altered levels of inhibitory (GABA) and excitatory (glutamate+glutamine, Glx) neurotransmitters could be markers for Purkinje cell alterations. We hypothesize that GABA and Glx levels in the dentate nuclei could be differentially altered in patients responsive to either anticonvulsants or β-adrenergic blockers.Methods: In this explorative study in patients with essential tremor, we measured gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate+glutamine (Glx) levels in the dentate nucleus region using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in seven patients using propranolol, five patients using anticonvulsants, and eight healthy controls.Results: There were no group differences with respect to GABA+/Cr, Glx/Cr, NAA/Cr, and GABA+/Glx ratios. There was no correlation with tremor severity.Discussion: Our results are in line with previously published studies; however, additional studies on a larger number of patients are warranted to confirm these findings. Furthermore medication-subgroups did not exhibit differences with respect to GABA+/Cr, Glx/Cr, NAA/Cr, and GABA+/Glx ratios. A recent study, of similar size, found an inverse association between tremor severity and the GABA+/Glx ratio in the cerebellum of essential tremor patients. We were unable to replicate these findings. The field of tremor research is plagued by heterogeneous results, and we would caution against drawing firm conclusions based on pilot studies.