bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes Among Women on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Long-term Retrospective Analysis of Data from a Major Tertiary Hospital in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Dapar Maxwell , Joseph Benjamin , Okunola Rotkangmwa , Mutihir Josiah , Chingle Moses , Banwat Mathilda 
Published: October 2021

Background and Objective: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection from a death sentence to a chronic syndrome, allowing infected individuals to lead near-normal lives, including achieving pregnancy and bearing children. Notwithstanding, concerns remain about the effects of ART in pregnancy. Previous studies suggested contradictory associations between ART and pregnancy. This study determined birth outcomes in pregnant women who accessed ART between 2004 and 2017 at a major tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of 5,080 participants. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston. A pro forma for data abstraction was designed and used to collect data. Abstracted data were sorted and managed using SPSS® version 22. The Chi-square test was used to calculate the proportions of pregnancy outcomes. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the effect of antiretroviral drug regimens on mean birth weight and gestational age at delivery. All levels of significance were set at p 0.05.
Results: Pregnancy outcomes were recorded as live birth (99.8%), stillbirth (0.2%), preterm delivery (6.6%), and low birth weight (23%). There was a statistically significant association between ART in pregnancy and low birth weight {χ2[(5, n = 3439) = 11.99, p = 0.04]}. The highest mean birth weights were recorded in participants who received drug combinations with protease inhibitors or efavirenz, in contrast to participants who received Nevirapine, stavudine and Emtricitabine/Tenofovirbased regimens. However, there was no significant difference in the gestational age of babies at birth for the six ART regimens in the study.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Findings support the benefits of ART in pregnancy, which is in line with the testing and treatment policies of the 90-90-90 targets for ending HIV by the year 2030.

Copyright © 2021 Dapar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Online Social Gathering Service Firm Strategy
Authors: Rofiah Chusnul 
Published: November 2021

This research is written on the background of how the strategy to market online social gathering services is behind the rise of online social gathering scams. With the postpositivist paradigm of a qualitative approach to case study design, it has been found that the marketing strategy for online social gathering services will survive if it is supported by the products offered, causing reactions and consumer interest to be noticed, owned, used or consumed so as to satisfy consumer wants and needs. The products offered by the owner to consumers also vary. The price offered by the owner of this online social gathering is in accordance with the get that consumers want to get, so that consumers choose the get the social gathering slot according to their wishes, the use of online media is more effective to reach wider consumers and offer their products. The owner of this online social gathering benefits in the form of having a relationship with many people and also benefits from holding an online social gathering, the most important finding of this research is to include the mandate in running an online social gathering service business.
A review of the Pan-African evolution of the Arabian Shield
Authors: Nehlig Pierre , Genna Antonin , Asfirane Fawzia ,   BRGM, France, Guerrot C. , Eberlé J.M. , Kluyver H.M. , Lasserre J.L. , Le Goff E. , Nicol N. ,   BRGM, France, Salpeteur N. , Shanti M. , Thiéblemont D. , Truffert C. ,   BRGM, France
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent fieldwork and the synthesis and reappraisal of aeromagnetic, geologic, structural, geochemical, and geochronologic data have provided a new perspective on the structural evolution and geologic history of the Arabian Shield. Although Paleoproterozoic rocks are present in the eastern part of the Shield, its geologic evolution was mainly concentrated in the period from 900 to 550 Ma during which the formation, amalgamation, and final Pan-African cratonization of several tectonostratigraphic terranes took place. The terranes are separated by major NW-trending faults and by N-, NW- and NE-oriented suture zones lined by serpentinized ultramafic rocks (ophiolites). Terrane analysis using the lithostratigraphy and geochronology of suture zones, fault zones, overlapping basins, and stitching plutons, has helped to constrain the geologic history of the Arabian Shield. Ophiolites and volcanic-arcs have been dated at between 900 and 680 Ma, with the southern terrane of Asir being older than the Midyan terrane in the north and the Ar Rayn terrane in the east.
Final cratonization of the terranes between 680 and 610 Ma induced a network of anastomosing, strike-slip faults consisting of the N-trending Nabitah belt, the major NW-striking left-lateral transpressive faults (early Najd faults), lined by gneiss domes and associated with sedimentary basins, and N- to NE-trending right-lateral transpressive faults. Following the Pan-African cratonization, widespread alkaline granitization was contemporaneous with the deposition of the Jibalah volcanic and sedimentary rocks in transtensional pull-apart basins. Crustal thinning was governed by the Najd fault system of left-lateral transform faults that controlled the formation of the Jibalah basins and was synchronous with the emplacement of major E- to NW-trending dike swarms throughout the Arabian Shield. The extensional episode ended with a marine transgression in which carbonates were deposited in the Jibalah basins. Continuation of the thinning process may explain the subsequent deposition of the marine formations of the lower Paleozoic cover.
Our interpretation of the distribution and chronology of orogenic zones does not correspond entirely to those proposed in earlier studies. In particular, the N-trending Nabitah and NW-trending Najd fault zones are shown to be part of the same history of oblique transpressional accretion rather than being two distinct events related to accretion and dispersion of the terranes.
Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: reserve growth and production implications
Authors: Verma Mahendra K. , Ahlbrandt Thomas S. , Al-Gailani Mohammad 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Iraq is one of the world’s most petroleum-rich countries and, in the future, it could become one of the main producers. Iraq’s petroleum resources are estimated to be 184 billion barrels, which include oil and natural gas reserves, and undiscovered resources. With its proved (or remaining) reserves of 113 billion barrels of oil (BBO) as of January 2003, Iraq ranks second to Saudi Arabia with 259 BBO in the Middle East. Iraq’s proved reserves of 110 trillion cubic feet of gas (TCFG) rank tenth in the world. In addition to known reserves, the combined undiscovered hydrocarbon potential for the three Total Petroleum Systems (Paleozoic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous/Tertiary) in Iraq is estimated to range from 14 to 84 BBO (45 BBO at the mean), and 37 to 227 TCFG (120 TCFG at the mean). Additionally, of the 526 known prospective structures, some 370 remain undrilled. Petroleum migration models and associated geological and geochemical studies were used to constrain the undiscovered resource estimates of Iraq.
Based on a criterion of recoverable reserves of between 1 and 5 BBO for a giant field, and more than 5 BBO for a super-giant, Iraq has 6 super-giant and 11 giant fields, accounting for 88% of its recoverable reserves, which include proved reserves and cumulative production. Of the 28 producing fields, 22 have recovery factors that range from 15 to 42% with an overall average of less than 30%. The recovery factor can be increased with water injection, improved and enhanced oil recovery methods (IOR and EOR) in various reservoirs, thus potentially increasing Iraq’s reserves by an additional 50 to 70 BBO.
Reserve growth is a significant factor that has been observed, to some extent, in nearly all Iraqi oil fields. Historically, producing fields have shown an average growth of 1.6 fold (or 60%) in their recoverable reserves over a 20-year period (1981-2001). With periodic assessments of reservoirs, application of available technology, and an upgrading of facilities, increases in reserves are expected in the future.
Managing clastic reservoir heterogeneity II: Geological modelling and reservoir characterisation of the Minjur Sandstone at the Khashm al Khalta type locality (Central Saudi Arabia)
Authors: Issautier Benoît , Le Nindre Yves-Michel , Viseur Sophie , Memesh Abdullah , Dini Saleh 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The increasing demand on geological reservoirs, whether for developing geothermal energy or for CO2 geological storage, raises questions on how reservoir heterogeneity might increase or decrease reservoir performance. To address this issue we selected the Minjur Sandstone Formation, a groundwater-bearing formation of Triassic age in Central Saudi Arabia, for complex reservoir modelling, simulation and prediction of the spatial distribution of sand bodies in a fluvio-deltaic system. This paper builds on a previous study that focused on the facies, stratigraphy, and reservoir characterisation of the Minjur Sandstone at the Khashm al Khalta type locality. Its purpose is to construct a deterministic 3-D model for (1) studying the connectivity of the Minjur Sandstone, and (2) illustrating a typical fluvio-deltaic reservoir and its associated heterogeneity. A first model simulates the spatial distribution of the depositional environments, which were further coded into relative proportions of sand, shale, evaporites and carbonates. This leads to a second model that contributes to reservoir applications through estimating the reservoir’s volume and storage capacities. Sequences 1 to 4 of the succession (Upper Jilh Formation–Lower Minjur Member), with a net-to-gross sand/shale ratio (NG) of ca. 8%, consist of poorly connected sandstone reservoir bodies. In contrast, sequences 5 to 9 (Upper Minjur Member), with an average NG of ca. 42%, consist of well-interconnected sandstone reservoir bodies. The NG depends on the tectonic influence and on relative sea-level variations. The best Minjur Sandstone reservoir bodies are at the base of each sequence, where limited available space favours a stack of deposits: interconnected fluvial channels which form wide spreads of coarse sandstone showing little diagenesis. The greatest potential is in the Upper Minjur Member. The effective reservoir volume was isolated using a sand content of &gt; 85%. Rock volume and pore volume for an average porosity of 17% were subsequently calculated from the outcrop model. A representative block of 600 m x 600 m x 144 m was selected in order to simulate a fraction of the reservoir with the same properties as the whole. The block’s CO2 storage capacity was 57,000 tonne (in the International System, ‘SI’) for an arbitrary CO2 density of 0.7 (supercritical). This result was then transposed to the aquifer in the Riyadh area where similar conditions are assumed to exist. To obtain a ‘reservoir scale’ estimation, the block dimensions were upscaled to 20 km x 20 km x 80 m (the last figure being the effective thickness given by hydrogeological studies). The inferred storage capacity here was 30.5 Mt (million tonnes, International unit System, ‘SI’), which is an excellent figure when one considers the large-scale projects of Europe (Sleipner: 20 Mt) and Canada (Weyburn: 14 Mt).
Shallow burial dolomitization of an Eocene carbonate platform, southeast Zagros Basin, Iran
Authors: Zohdi Afshin , Moallemi Seyed Ali , Moussavi-Harami Reza , Mahboubi Asadollah , Richter Detlev K. , Geske Anna , Nickandish Abbas A. , Immenhauser Adrian 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTHere, a case example of a dolomitized Eocene ramp setting from the southeastern Zagros Basin is documented and discussed in the context of published work. This is of significance as well-documented case examples of Eocene dolomitized inner platforms are comparably rare. The same is true for detailed diagenetic studies from the Zagros Basin in general. Three measured field sections were combined with detailed petrographic and geochemical analyses and four main dolomite types were defined. The most significant dolomite type is present in the form of a volumetrically significant occurrence of meter-thick beds of strata-bound dolostones. These dolomites are characterized by near-stoichiometric composition, fabric-retentive and fabric-destructive textures, subhedral to anhedral in shape and most being in the tens-of-microns range.Dolomite δ18O (averaging -2.6‰) values are depleted relative to that expected for precipitation from Eocene seawater (averaging 0‰), while δ13C (averaging -0.1‰) values are within the range of Eocene seawater values (averaging 0.5‰). Dolomite Type II and III 87Sr/86S values from 0.7079 to 0.7086 are somewhat elevated with respect to Eocene seawater (0.7077 and 0.7078). Based on these data, it is suggested that moderately evaporated seawater, via shallow seepage reflux, acted as agent for the initial dolomitization process. Subsequently, early diagenetic dolomites were recrystallized during shallow burial to variable degrees. The absence of volumetrically significant evaporitic deposits indicates that the salinity of porewater during dolomitization was beneath the threshold limit for gypsum precipitation. In addition, ascending saline fluids from deep-seated salt diapirs might have affected dolomitizing fluids.
Gasdermin Family as an Underlying Key Factor in Glioma
Authors: Tuo Zhan , Zi Huaduan , He Qianyuan , Meng Jingshu , Hu Yan , Li Yan , Yang Kunyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death process mediated by gasdermins (GSDMs). The prognostic value of pyroptosis-related genes in different tumor types has been gradually demonstrated recently. However, the prognostic impact of GSDMs expression in glioma remains unclear. Here, we present a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of gasdermin family member gene expression, producing a prognostic model for glioma and creating a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. We identify a significant association between expression of GSDMD and GSDME and glioma stage, and demonstrate that high expression of both GSDMD and GSDME is associated with shorter survival. Conversely, low expression of GSDMC was associated with shorter survival. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression analysis was used to construct a prognostic gene model based on the four prognostic gasdermin family genes (GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME and PJVK). This model was able to predict overall survival of glioma patients with high accuracy. We show that gasdermin family genes are expressed primary by immune cells, endothelial cells and neuronal cells in the tumor microenvironment, rather than by malignant tumor cells. T cells were significantly activated in high-risk patients; however, the activation induced cell death (AICD) pathway was also significantly activated, suggesting widespread expiration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), facilitating tumor progression. We also identify the lncRNA/miR-296-5p/GSDMD regulatory axis as an important player in glioma progression. In conclusion, we have conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis identifying the importance of gasdermin family members in glioma; a prognostic algorithm containing 4 genes (GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME, and PJVK) was constructed.
Identification of Key Claudin Genes Associated With Survival Prognosis and Diagnosis in the Colon Cancer Through Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis‏.
Authors: Alghamdi Rana , Al-Zahrani Maryam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Claudin’s gene are associated with various aberrant physiological and cellular signaling. However, the association of claudins with survival prognosis, signaling pathways, and diagnostic efficacy in colon cancer remain lacking. Methods: We used various bioinformatics methods, including differential expression analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), protein-protein interaction (PPI), survival analysis, single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), mutation analysis, and identifying receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of claudins in the TCGA colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). Results: We found that: CLDN2, CLDN1, CLDN14, CLDN16, CLDN18, CLDN9, CLDN12, and CLDN6 are elevated in COAD. In contrast, the CLDN8, CLDN23, CLDN5, CLDN11, CLDN7, and CLDN15 are downregulated in COAD. Various claudin’s genes are mutated and associated with diagnostic efficacy in the COAD. Conclusions: Claudin’s genes are associated with prognosis, immune regulation, signaling pathway regulations, and diagnosis. These findings may provide new molecular insight into the treatment of colon cancer.
Under Attack: Fungal Landscape of Spring Barley From Seedling Emergence to Harvest During a Severe Puccinia Hordei Epidemic
Authors: Sapkota Rumakanta , Jørgensen Lise Nistrup , Boeglin Laure , Nicolaisen Mogens 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
All plant tissues from leaves, stems and roots are hosting a wide diversity of fungal species. Our understanding of the assembly of this diversity of fungi during the plant growth cycle is limited. Here, we characterized the mycobiome of three spring barley cultivars at weekly intervals from seedling emergence to senescence and seed maturity. A notable proportion of members of the fungal communities were shared among different plant organs, but community dynamics were tissue specific. A severe attack of Puccinia hordei occurring during the vegetative stage had profound effects on the mycobiome, and P. hordei biomass displaced that of other taxa. Plant tissue type was the most important factor determining the mycobiome, but also plant age was contributing significantly. Using a random forest model, we found that specific members of the mycobiome were responding differently to plant age. A co-occurrence network analysis revealed complex interactions among fungal OTUs, and network connectivity was changing as per plant growth stage and plant tissue type. This study contributes to the understanding of assembly of fungal communities in cereals by providing a detailed atlas of fungal communities associated with barley. This knowledge will be vital for microbiome assisted plant health management and our study will serve as an important baseline for future efforts to harness microbiota in cereal health.
Low-frequency Electrical Stimulation Alleviates Immobilization-evoked Disuse Muscle Atrophy via Repressing Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle of Rabbits
Authors: Liu A-Ying , Zhang Quan-Bing , Zhu Hua-Long , Xiong Yong-Wei , Wang Feng , Huang Peng-Peng , Xu Qi-Yu , Zhong Hua-Zhang , Wang Hua , Zhou Yun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective: The present study was to investigate the effect of low-frequency electrical stimulation on disuse muscle atrophy and its mechanism in a rabbit model of extending knee joint contracture.Methods: This study designed two experiments. In the time-point experiment, 24 rabbits were randomly divided into Control 1(Ctrl1), immobilization for 2 weeks (I-2), I-4, and I-6 groups. In the intervention experiment, 24 rabbits were also randomly divided into Control 2 (Ctrl2), electrical stimulation (ES), natural recovery (NR) and electrical stimulation treatment (EST) groups. All intervention effects were assessed by evaluating the knee joint range of motion (ROM), cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle and the expression of autophagy-related proteins.Results: Time-point experiment showed that immobilization reduced knee ROM, muscle CSA, and activated autophagy in skeletal muscle. Levels of four autophagic proteins including p-mTOR, Atg7, p62 and LC3B-II, were significantly elevated in the skeletal muscle of I-4 group. The intervention experiment further presented that LFES significantly improved the immobilization-induced ROM and CSA reduction. Additionally, LFES significantly reversed autophagy activation of skeletal muscle caused by immobilization.Conclusions: Low-frequency electrical stimulation alleviates immobilization-evoked disuse muscle atrophy maybe via inhibiting autophagy in skeletal muscle of rabbits.
Predicting diagnostic gene Biomarkers associated with N6-methyladenosine and ferroptosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Tong Xiao , Zhao Xin Yi , Zhou Li Jin , Li Miao , Han Jian Bin , Zhao Jin Jin , Dang Xuan , Wang Yue Qing , Huang Mei Jiao , Kou Yan , Junjie Kou 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to provide an early potential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and determine its correlation with ferroptosis, immune checkpoints, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A).
Methods

We downloaded microarray data from NCBI (GSE61144, GSE60993, and GSE42148) and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in samples from healthy subjects and patients with AMI. We also performed systematic gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses and used STRING to predict the interactions between proteins. Then we proceeded with the identification of the first ten DEGs by plotting the receiver operating characteristic curve using the multi-scale curvature classification algorithm, and verification of their diagnostic significance. Next, we investigated the relationship between these target genes and immune checkpoints, ferroptosis, and m6A.
Results

Through screening, we identified 253 DEGs, including 181 downregulated and 72 upregulated genes. According to GO, KEGG, and key gene screening results, GZMB, GZMA, PRF1, KLRB1, CD2, KLRD1, IL2RB, NKG7, GZMK, and CCL5 could be used for early prediction of AMI. Moreover, we found that AMI was associated with ferroptosis, immune checkpoints, and m6A.
Conclusion

GZMB, GZMA, PRF1, KLRB1, CD2, KLRD1, IL2RB, NKG7, GZMK, and CCL5 are effective markers for the diagnosis of AMI, which can provide new prospects for future studies on the pathogenesis of AMI.
Summertime Surface Mass Balance and Energy Balance of Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Chinese Tien Shan, Modeled by Linking COSIMA and in-Situ Measured Meteorological Records
Authors: Li Hongliang , Wang Puyu , Li Zhongqin , Jin Shuang , He Jie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To get a better overview of atmosphere-driven mass changes at Urumqi Glacier No.1, Chinese Tien Shan, the surface energy balance and mass balance is modeled by linking the COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and MAss balance model (COSIMA) with in-situ measured meteorological record for the ablation period 2018. After a manual model optimization, the model produces realistic results compared to in-situ measured surface temperature, snow height and seasonal mass balance. Our results reveal that Urumqi Glacier No.1 experienced a significant mass loss, with an average value of -0.77 m w.e. over the ablation period 2018. The main components in energy balance were radiation components (SWnet and LWnet) and turbulent fluxes. Surface melt and solid precipitation were dominated components of mass balance. The COSIMA can reproduce the glaciological mass balance compared with other models. Sensitivity analysis showed that the mass balance was more sensitive to the temperature than precipitation, and mass loss caused by temperature increase of 1 K needed to be compensated by at least 40% precipitation increase. Air temperature during the ablation period was more important than annual precipitation in controlling mass balance changes on Urumqi Glacier No.1. These findings will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying mass balance processes of ablation period and their contribution to the acceleration of glacier retreat in Tien Shan.