bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Aloysius Bandung
Authors: Tanggu Daga Agustinus , Yoksiana  
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas VIII dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) dan model pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode kuasi eksperimen. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII D dan VIII E SMP Santo Aloysius Bandung. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tes. Analisis data dilakukan untuk menentukan nilai rata-rata, persentase ketuntasan kelas, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai rata-rata pre-test kelas eksperimen adalah 11 dan kelas kontrol adalah 10. Nilai rata-rata post-tes kelas kontrol adalah 81 dan kelas eksperimen adalah 87. Persentase ketuntasan kelas kontrol adalah 83% dan kelas eksperimen adalah 100%. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh harga t = 2.058, db= 47 dan sig. (2-tailed) atau p-value = 0.045/2 = 0.023 < 0.05, atau H0 ditolak. Hasil uji statistik tersebut menunjukan adanya perbedaan skor kedua kelas tersebut. Skor kelas yang diajar dengan model STAD lebih tinggi daripada skor di kelas yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional.
Kata Kunci: pembelajaran kooperatif, hasil belajar, student team achievement division
The purpose of this research was to determine the differences in learning outcomes of natural science students in class VIII using the Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) learning model and quasi-experimental method. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental method. The data source of this study were students of class VIII D and VIII E of St. Aloysius Junior High School in Bandung. Data collection using test instruments. Data analysis was performed to determine the average value, the percentage of class completeness, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the average pre-test value of the experimental class was 11 and the control class was 10. The average post-test value of the control class was 81 and the experimental class was 87. The percentage of completeness of the class for the control class was 83% and the experimental class was 100% Statistical test results obtained a t value of 2.058, db = 47 and sig. (2-tailed) or p-value = 0.045 / 2 = 0.023 <0.05, or H0 is rejected. The results of the statistical tests show differences in the scores of the two classes. Class scores taught with the STAD model are higher than class scores taught with conventional learning models.
Astronomi dan Kosmologi dalam perspektif Al-Qur'an
Authors: Rasyid Aulia Nur 
Published: October 2021

Alam menyimpan banyak sekali misteri yang terkandung di dalamnya, Sebagai makhluk berbudi hal tersebut perlu kita kaji dengan metode-metode ilmiah. Tanpa kita ketahui, bahwa di dalam Al Qur’an mengandung berbagai inspirasi bagi kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Tak terkecuali ilmu tentang bagaimana alam terbentuk (kosmologi) dan perubahan fenomena-fenomena jagat raya dan bintang-bintang (astronomi). Tanpa kedua ilmu tersebut, astrofisikawan sulit dalam menentukan peristiwa-peristiwa penting dalam kehidupan seperti: (1) Pembahasan awal bulan Qamariah (terutama Ramadan, Syawal, dan Zulhijah), (2) Pembahasan waktu-waktu salat, (3) Pembahasan arah kiblat, (4) Pembahasan kapan dan dimana terjadinya gerhana (gerhana matahari dan gerhana bulan).
Kata Kunci: Al Qur’an, Astronomi, Kosmologi
Universe stores a lot of mysteries contained in it, as virtuous beings we need to examine it with scientific methods. Without us knowing, that in the Qur'an contains various inspirations for the progress of science and technology. No exception to the knowledge of how nature was formed (cosmology) and the changing phenomena of the universe and stars (astronomy). Without these two sciences, astrophysicists find it difficult to determine important life events such as (1) Discussion of the beginning of the Qamariah (especially Ramadan, Shawwal, and Dhul-Hijah), (2) Discussion of prayer times, (3) Discussion of Qibla direction, ( 4) Discussion of when and where eclipses occur (solar and lunar eclipses).

Keywords: Astronomy, Cosmology, Qoran
Perancangan Pembelajaran IPA Menggunakan Software Videoscribe
Authors: Ismiyanti Neny 
Published: October 2021

Ilmu pengetahuan alam merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari gejala-gejala alam yang faktual berupa fisik nyata serta hubungan sebab-akibatnya melalui serangkaian proses ilmiah. Permasalahan yang biasanya terjadi dalam pembelajaran IPA yakni siswa belum mampu untuk mengaitkan pembelajaran dalam kehidupan sehari-hari utamanya konsep yang bersifat abstrak. Dengan demikian dibutuhkan peran seorang guru dalam membantu permasalahan belajar siswa. Hal ini bisa dipertimbangkan dengan pemilihan media yang sesuai sebagai sarana penunjang kegiatan siswa dalam memahami materi dengan mengaitkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu pilihan media berbasis teknologi yang dapat digunakan seorang guru yakni software videoscribe. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengembangan media pembelajaran IPA menggunakan software videoscribe sebagai alternatif media pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yakni dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif studi pustaka yang diambil dari beberapa referensi literatur berupa buku, jurnal, maupun artikel yang memiliki relevansi dengan topik. Hasil dari beberapa literatur yang didapat menunjukan bahwa bahan ajar menggunakan videoscribe mendapatkan hasil yang baik jika diterapkan dalam pembelajaran. Respon siswa terhadap media ini menunjukan hasil yang positif.
Kata Kunci : media pembelajaran, perancangan pembelajaran IPA, videoscribe.

Natural science is the study of natural phenomena that are factual in the form of real physical and causal relations through a series of scientific processes. The problem that usually occurs in science learning is that students have not been able to associate learning in daily life, especially abstract concepts. Thus the role of a teacher is needed in helping students' learning problems. This can be considered by selecting appropriate media as a means of supporting student activities in understanding the material by linking it to everyday life. One choice of technology-based media that can be used by a teacher is videoscribe software. This study aims to describe the development of science learning media using videoscribe software as an alternative learning media used to improve student learning outcomes. The method used in the research is to use qualitative literature study methods taken from several literature references in the form of books, journals, and articles that have relevance to the topic. The results of some of the literature obtained show that teaching materials using videoscribe get good results when applied in learning. Student responses to this media showed positive results.
Keywords : learning media, science learning design, videoscribe.
Samotność młodych ludzi w opinii studentów
Authors: Wrótniak Joanna 
Published: October 2021

Cel naukowy: Celem artykułu jest poznanie opinii studentów na temat zjawiska samotności wśród młodzieży.
Problemy i metody badawcze: Poruszany w tekście problem zawiera się w pytaniu: Jakie opinie na temat samotności młodych ludzi mają badani studenci? Wykorzystana została metoda sondażu diagnostycznego (technika ankiety), oraz analiza i synteza literatury przedmiotu.
Proces wywodu: W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono teoretyczne rozważania nad problematyką samotności, zaś w części drugiej poddano analizie opinie badanych studentów dotyczące m.in.: rozumienia samotności, przyczyn występowania tego problemu oraz sposobów radzenia sobie z samotnością.
Wyniki analizy naukowej: Samotność postrzegana jest najczęściej jako stan nieprzyjemny, uciążliwy stan pustki negatywnie oddziałujący na życie człowieka. Za przyczyny samotności młodzieży uznano: rozwój nowych technologii, dysfunkcje w środowisku rodzinnym oraz specyficzne dyspozycje osobowościowe jednostki. Wśród możliwości radzenia sobie z samotnością badani wskazywali zarówno sposoby korzystne dla rozwoju indywidualnego i społecznego jak też niekorzystne.
Wnioski, innowacje, rekomendacje: Z badań wynika, że samotność odczuwana przez młodych ludzi staje się dziś normą i wymaga od nich podejmowania swoistej gry ukierunkowanej na wypełnienie pustki. W związku z powyższym konieczne jest podejmowanie odpowiedzialnych działań na rzecz profilaktyki samotności młodych ludzi w tłumie. Ważne jest uświadomienie rodzicom znaczenia ich autentycznej obecności przy dzieciach, okazywanie wsparcia dzieciom i budowania właściwej więzi. Istotne znaczenie w przeciwdziałaniu samotności młodzieży mają oddziaływania i postawy nauczycieli, których rolą jest nie tylko wspieranie w rozwoju wychowanków, ale również poprzez przemyślane oddziaływania w grupie wychowawczej skoncentrowane na tworzeniu klimatu wzajemnej akceptacji i pomocy.
On Securing MAC Layer Broadcast Signals Against Covert Channel Exploitation in 5G, 6G & Beyond
Authors: Soosahabi Reza , Bayoumi Magdy 
Published: October 2021

<p>In this work, we propose a novel framework to identify and mitigate a recently disclosed covert channel scheme exploiting unprotected broadcast messages in cellular MAC layer protocols.</p>
<p>Examples of covert channel are used in data exfiltration, remote command-and-control (CnC) and espionage.</p>
<p>Responsibly disclosed to GSMA (CVD-2021-0045), the SPARROW covert channel scheme exploits the downlink power of LTE/5G base-stations that broadcast contention resolution identity (CRI) from any anonymous device according to the 3GPP standards. </p>
<p>Thus, the SPARROW devices can covertly relay short messages across long-distance which can be potentially harmful to critical infrastructure. </p>
<p>The SPARROW schemes can also complement the solutions for long-range M2M applications.</p>
<p>This work investigates the security vs. performance trade-off in CRI-based contention resolution mechanisms. </p>
<p>Then it offers a rigorously designed method to randomly obfuscate CRI broadcast in future 5G/6G standards.</p>
<p>Compared to CRI length reduction, the proposed method achieves considerable protection against SPARROW exploitation with less impact on the random-access performance as shown in the numerical results.</p>
Reflected Spectroscopy of Small Exoplanets I: Determining the Atmospheric Composition of Sub-Neptunes Planets
Authors: Damiano Mario , Hu Renyu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Direct imaging of widely separated exoplanets from space will obtain their reflected light spectra and measure their atmospheric properties, and small and temperate planets will be the focus for the next generation of telescopes. In this work, we used our Bayesian retrieval algorithm

EXOREL

R

to determine the constraints on the atmospheric properties of sub-Neptune planets from observations taken with a HabEx-like telescope. Small and temperate planets may have a non-H2-dominated atmosphere, and therefore we introduced the compositional analysis technique in our framework to explore the bulk atmospheric chemistry composition without any prior knowledge about it. We have developed a novel set of prior functions for the compositional analysis free parameters. We compared the performances of the framework with the flat prior and the novel prior and we reported a better performance when using the novel priors set. We found that the retrieval algorithm cannot only identify the dominant gas of the atmosphere but also to constrain other less abundant gases with high statistical confidence without any prior information on the composition. The results presented here demonstrates that reflected light spectroscopy can characterize small exoplanets with diverse atmospheric composition. The Bayesian framework should be applied to design the instrument and the observation plan of exoplanet direct-imaging experiments in the future.
A Catalog of Potential Post–Common Envelope Binaries
Authors: Kruckow Matthias U. , Neunteufel Patrick G. , Di Stefano Rosanne , Gao Yan , Kobayashi Chiaki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present a catalog containing 839 candidate post–common envelope systems. Common envelope evolution is very important in stellar astrophysics, particularly in the context of very compact and short-period binaries, including cataclysmic variables, as progenitors of, e.g., supernovae Type Ia or mergers of black holes and/or neutron stars. At the same time, it is a barely understood process in binary evolution. Due to limitations, since partially remedied, on direct simulation, early investigations were mainly focused on providing analytic prescriptions of the outcome of common envelope evolution. In recent years, detailed hydrodynamical calculations have produced deeper insight into the previously elusive process of envelope ejection. However, a direct link between the observations and theory of this relatively short-lived phase in binary evolution has not been forthcoming. Therefore, the main insight to be gained from observations has to be derived from the current state of systems likely to have gone through a common envelope. Here we present an extensive catalog of such observations as found in the literature. The aim of this paper is to provide a reliable set of data, obtained from observations, to be used in the theoretical modeling of common envelope evolution. In this catalog, the former common envelope donor star is commonly observed as a white dwarf or hot subdwarf star. This catalog includes period and mass estimates wherever obtainable. Some binaries are borderline cases to allow an investigation of the transition between a common envelope formation and other mass-transfer processes.
Implementation of Monte Carlo Transport in the General Relativistic SpEC Code
Authors: Foucart Francois , Duez Matthew D. , Hébert Francois , Kidder Lawrence E. , Kovarik Phillip , Pfeiffer Harald P. , Scheel Mark A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neutrino transport and neutrino−matter interactions are known to play an important role in the evolution of neutron star mergers and of their post-merger remnants. Neutrinos cool remnants, drive post-merger winds, and deposit energy in the low-density polar regions where relativistic jets may eventually form. Neutrinos also modify the composition of the ejected material, impacting the outcome of nucleosynthesis in merger outflows and the properties of the optical/infrared transients that they power (kilonovae). So far, merger simulations have largely relied on approximate treatments of the neutrinos (leakage, moments) that simplify the equations of radiation transport in a way that makes simulations more affordable but also introduces unquantifiable errors in the results. To improve on these methods, we recently published a first simulation of neutron star mergers using a low-cost Monte Carlo algorithm for neutrino radiation transport. Our transport code limits costs in optically thick regions by placing a hard ceiling on the value of the absorption opacity of the fluid, yet all approximations made within the code are designed to vanish in the limit of infinite numerical resolution. We provide here an in-depth description of this algorithm, of its implementation in the SpEC merger code, and of the expected impact of our approximations in optically thick regions. We argue that the last is a subdominant source of error at the accuracy reached by current simulations and for the interactions currently included in our code. We also provide tests of the most important features of this code.
OO Dra: An Algol-type Binary Formed through an Extremely Helium-poor Mass Accretion Revealed by Asteroseismology
Authors: Chen Xinghao , Zhang Xiaobin , Li Yan , Luo Changqing , Li Xuzhi , Su Jie , Chen Xuefei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Based on 2 minutes of Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite data, we analyzed intrinsic oscillations of the primary component and identified seven confident independent δ Scuti frequencies (f
1, f
2, f
3, f
4, f
7, f
11, and f
12). Both single-star evolutionary models and mass-accreting models are computed to reproduce the δ Scuti frequencies and the fitting results match well with each other. The stellar parameters of the primary star yielded by asteroseismology are M =

1.92

−
0.02

+
0.10

M
⊙, Z =

0.011

−
0.001

+
0.006

, R =

2.068

−
0.007

+
0.050

R
⊙,

log
g

=

4.090

−
0.002

+
0.010

, T
eff =

8346

−
320

+
244

K, and L =

18.65

−
2.82

+
3.31

L
⊙, which match well with the dynamic ones using the binary model. Furthermore, our asteroseismic results show that OO Dra is another Algol system that has just undergone the rapid mass-transfer stage. The fitting results of single-star evolutionary models indicate that the pulsator is a helium-poor star with an age of

8.22

−
1.33

+
0.12

Myr, and the further mass-accreting models show that the primary star looks like an almost unevolved star formed by an extremely helium-poor mass accretion in the Case A evolutionary scenario.
A systemic review of literatures on human Salmonella enterica serovars in Nigeria (1999-2018)
Authors: Akinyemi Kabiru O , Ajoseh Samuel O , Fakorede Christopher O 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Salmonella infections are endemic in Nigeria. There is lack of reliable data on culture-positive Salmonella with national coverage. This systemic review of literatures was undertaken to aggregate data on culture proven cases of human Salmonellae and to determine the prevailing serotypes for disease burden estimations.
Methodology: This involved comprehensive search engines of Pubmed, Google Scholar, Google and Embase for the literatures on culture positive human Salmonellae from 1999-2018. This review documented the prevalence, common Salmonella serotypes. antibiotic resistance and risk factors associated with human Salmonella infections.
Results: This study revealed that 21out of 36 States in Nigeria reported Salmonella-associated diseases, spanning the six geopolitical zones. Our study revealed prevalence of 1.9% (2,732/143,756) Salmonella-bacteraemia and 16.3% (1,967/12,081) Salmonella-associated gastroenteritis. Fifty-three 53 Salmonella serotypes were identified. 39 serotypes were associated with Salmonella-bacteraemia and 31 serotypes with Salmonella-gastroenteritis. Salmonella typhi remains the commonest serotype accounting for 85.2% for Salmonella-bacteraemia and 73.1% Salmonella-gastroenteritis. S. typhimurium (3.8%) was mostly implicated invasive non-typhoidal serotype followed S. enteritidis (2.8%) among others. Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected individuals, malnutrition was among factors predisposing Salmonella infections. Over 60% of the reported Salmonella isolates developed resistance to two or more of 23 antibiotics recorded, mostly ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline and amoxicillin.
Conclusions: This study revealed 39 Invasive and 31 non-invasive Salmonella serotypes. Ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanate and tetracycline are the most frequently reported antibiotics resisted by Salmonella isolates. This antimicrobial resistance exhibited poses a threat to public health. Data generated from this review would serve as a baseline information for future surveillance studies.
Adherence to Community Acquired Pneumonia guideleines and patients outcomes in a peri-urban hospital in Natal, South Africa
Authors: Madani Waheeba , Dawood Halima 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This issue is further exacerbated by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic.
Methodology: The study was a retrospective, clinical record review of hospitalized patients (18 years and older) with a diagnosis of LRTI between the 1st of January 2012 and 31 December 2012, descriptive and comparable analysis was performed.
Results: Number of patients was 274; 142 (51.8%) males. The commonest final diagnosis was Pulmonary Tuberclosis (PTB) in 131 (47.8%) and CAP in 127 (46.4%). The case fatality rate was 25.5% (70/274) and was significantly associated with HIV infection (77.4%) (p < 0,01), CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells (96.3), final diagnosis of TB (65.7%) (p < 0.01), female sex (57%) (p < 0.01), confusion (50%) (p < 0.01), age of 65 years or more (29%) (p < 0.01). CURB-65 score (Confusion, Urea more than 7mmol/l, Respiratory rate (RR) ≥30 breaths /min, low blood pressure (less than 90 mmHg systolic and 60mmHg diastolic) and age ≥ 65 years) was only documented in 4 % (11/274) patients. Only 63 patients (23%) met the admission criteria of two or more points when the CURB-65 score was calculated.
Conclusions: Failure to use the CURB-65 score resulted in an increase admission of patients presenting with LRTI. There was an increased case fatality rate in this high HIV prevalence setting.
Quantification of Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae and Lactobacillus spp. in bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Numanovic Nedzib , Ribis Snezana , Cukic Jelena , Nenadic Dane , Zivanovic Aleksandar , Sazdanovic Predrag , Ninkovic Violeta , Baskic Dejan 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate prevalence of bacteria most frequently associated with bacterial vaginosis using Amsel’s criteria as well as to quantify these bacteria by real-time PCR and to explore the difference in their quantity between healthy and bacterial vaginosis samples.
Methodology: For classification of vaginal discharge samples Amsel’s criteria have been used. To detect and quantify Gardnerella vaginalis Atopobium vaginae, Lactobacillus spp. and total vaginal microbiome, real-time PCR has been applied.
Results: According to results of our study Amsel’s criteria matched well with real-time PCR diversification of healthy women and women with BV. Nevertheless, real-time PCR has been more sensitive in diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. DNA quantification of bacteria demonstrated that mutual abundance of G.vaginalis and A. vaginae was good bacterial vaginosis marker . On the contrary, Lactobacillus spp. was present in high amount in both healthy and bacterial vaginosis samples, but ratio of investigated bacteria was different between them. In fact, G. vaginalis and A. vaginae comprised only 0.1% of total microbiome in healthy, whereas Lactobacillus spp. took 99.3% of it. Nonetheless, in bacterial vaginosis, G. vaginalis and A. vaginae made up 34.4% of total microbiome, while Lactobacillus spp. was 21.6%.
Conclusions: According to the results of our study real-time PCR analysis was more sensitive in diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis than Amsel’s method, as well as it represented fine tool in making a difference between microbial entities in healthy and bacterial vaginosis samples.