bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetric consequences of a false‐positive diagnosis of large‐for‐gestational‐age fetus
Authors: Papaccio Marta , Fichera Anna , Nava Alessia , Zatti Sonia , Gerosa Vera , Ferrari Federico , Sartori Enrico , Prefumo Federico , Fratelli Nicola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare delivery outcomes between true‐positive (TP) and false‐positive (FP) large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) fetuses, appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) fetuses, and false‐negative (FN) LGA fetuses.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies at risk for macrosomia without contraindication to vaginal delivery, receiving an ultrasound scan at 34–37 weeks of pregnancy.ResultsIn all, 430 pregnancies were included: 155 TP LGA, 87 FP LGA, 177 AGA and 11 FN LGA newborns. Cesarean section rate during labor was significantly higher in FP LGA than in AGA (19% vs. 8.7%) but not significantly different between FP LGA and TP LGA (19% vs. 32.4%). Median birth weight z score was significantly higher in TP LGA (1.9) compared with the FP LGA and AGA (0.91 and 0.84, respectively), whereas no significant differences were found between FP LGA and AGA. Admission to a neonatal intensive care unit was significantly more frequent in TP LGA than AGA, whereas shoulder dystocia, postpartum hemorrhage, and third‐ to fourth‐degree perineal tears were similar between the different groups.ConclusionA false‐positive diagnosis of LGA fetus is associated with a significant increase of cesarean section during labor. Therefore, a suspicious ultrasound may result in reduction of the clinical threshold for the diagnosis of abnormal labor.
Brain tumor segmentation and multiview multiscale‐based radiomic model for patient's overall survival prediction
Authors: Fiaz Kiran , Madni Tahir Mustafa , Anwar Fozia , Janjua Uzair Iqbal , Rafi Asra , Abid Mian Muhammad Naeem , Sultana Nasira 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA brain tumor is the most common primary brain malignancy. Delaying in brain tumor diagnosis is a primary cause of death in affected individuals. Therefore, early diagnosis of a brain tumor is essential for treatment planning and prognosis. In this study, the multilevel dilated convolutional neural network (MLDCNN) model is used for brain tumor segmentation. MLDCNN model is implemented independently for five MLDC blocks with a different combination of dilation rates to analyze their impact on brain tumor segmentation. For each segmentation model, overall survival time prediction is performed independently. An automated system is proposed for the overall survival time prediction of patients suffering from a brain tumor. First, shape and multiscale texture‐based features are extracted from LoG filtered and wavelet decomposed images of the magnetic resonance imaging scans. The proposed model utilizes 3D information by extracting radiomic features from axial, coronal, and sagittal views. These features are reduced using an extra tree classifier to avoid overfitting. Random forest algorithms are applied on selected feature sets to predict overall survival time in days. Extensive experimentation is performed for the segmentation and survival time prediction on the publicly available BraTS2019 and BraTS 2020 datasets. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieved the least mean squared error value in the survival time prediction task.
Microscopic focus on ependymal cells of the spinal cord of the one‐humped camel (Camelus dromedarius): Histological, immunohistochemical, and transmission microscopic study
Authors: Roshdy Karam , Morsy Kareem , Abumandour Mohamed M. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current study was designed to give a complete microscopic description of the ependymal cells of the one‐humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) using histological, immunohistochemical, and transmission microscopic descriptions of the ependymal cells of the fresh 35 spinal cord samples immediately after their slaughtering. In our findings, the central canal of the spinal cord was lined by multilayered stratified cuboidal or columnar ependymal cells. The ependymal cells had an irregular striated border at their free surface. The ependymal cells do not exhibit a basement membrane. The simple oval nucleus was occupied a large part of the cell with spherical mitochondria. The apical surface of the ependymal cells possesses long cilia; each cilium was bounded by an evagination of the luminal plasma membrane. Some ependymal cells had minute finger‐like projections on their luminal plasma membrane. In the perinuclear zone of ependymal cells, many cristiform mitochondria, free ribosomes, and Golgi complexes usually occur. Vacuoles with homogenous and clear fluid were observed. The lateral surface of the adjacent ependymal cells exhibits several tight junctions represented by zonulae occludens and adherens. There were many desmosomes between the neighboring ependymal cells. A perinuclear whorl of filaments fills the lateral part of these ependymal cells. The ependymal cells revealed a clear immunohistochemical reaction with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and nestin stain. There were no obvious differences between the different segments of the spinal cord. Our data concluded that the ependymal cells display clear differences in anatomy as well as ultrastructure that may reflect their distinct functional activity.
Multiferroic behavior of the functionalized surface of a flexible substrate by deposition of Bi2O3 and Fe2O3
Authors: Ramazanov Shikhgasan , Sobola Dinara , Ţălu Ştefan , Orudzev Farid , Arman Ali , Kaspar Pavel , Dallaev Rashid , Ramazanov Guseyn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThin films of bismuth and iron oxides were obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the surface of a flexible substrate poly(4,4′‐oxydiphenylene‐pyromellitimide) (Kapton) at a temperature of 250°C. The layer thickness was 50 nm. The samples were examined by secondary‐ion mass spectrometry, and uniform distribution of elements in the film layer was observed. Surface morphology, electrical polarization, and mechanical properties were investigated by atomic force microscope, piezoelectric force microscopy, and force modulation microscopy. The values of current in the near‐surface layer varied in the range of ±80 pA when a potential of 5 V was applied. Chemical analysis was performed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, where the formation of Bi2O3 and Fe2O3 phases, as well as intermediate phases in the Bi–Fe–O system, was observed. Magnetic measurements were carried out by a vibrating sample magnetometer that showed a ferromagnetic response. The low‐temperature method of functionalization of the Kapton surface with bismuth and iron oxides will make it possible to adapt the Bi–Fe–O system to flexible electronics.
Proteomic dissection of large extracellular vesicle surfaceome unravels interactive surface platform
Authors: Rai Alin , Fang Haoyun , Claridge Bethany , Simpson Richard J. , Greening David W 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe extracellular vesicle (EV) surface proteome (surfaceome) acts as a fundamental signalling gateway by bridging intra‐ and extracellular signalling networks, dictates EVs’ capacity to communicate and interact with their environment, and is a source of potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, our understanding of surface protein composition of large EVs (L‐EVs, 100–800 nm, mean 310 nm, ATP5F1A, ATP5F1B, DHX9, GOT2, HSPA5, HSPD1, MDH2, STOML2), a major EV‐subtype that are distinct from small EVs (S‐EVs, 30–150 nm, mean 110 nm, CD44, CD63, CD81, CD82, CD9, PDCD6IP, SDCBP, TSG101) remains limited. Using a membrane impermeant derivative of biotin to capture surface proteins coupled to mass spectrometry analysis, we show that out of 4143 proteins identified in density‐gradient purified L‐EVs (1.07–1.11 g/mL, from multiple cancer cell lines), 961 proteins are surface accessible. The surface molecular diversity of L‐EVs include (i) bona fide plasma membrane anchored proteins (cluster of differentiation, transporters, receptors and GPI anchored proteins implicated in cell‐cell and cell‐ECM interactions); and (ii) membrane surface‐associated proteins (that are released by divalent ion chelator EDTA) implicated in actin cytoskeleton regulation, junction organization, glycolysis and platelet activation. Ligand‐receptor analysis of L‐EV surfaceome (e.g., ITGAV/ITGB1) uncovered interactome spanning 172 experimentally verified cognate binding partners (e.g., ANGPTL3, PLG, and VTN) with highest tissue enrichment for liver. Assessment of biotin inaccessible L‐EV proteome revealed enrichment for proteins belonging to COPI/II‐coated ER/Golgi‐derived vesicles and mitochondria. Additionally, despite common surface proteins identified in L‐EVs and S‐EVs, our data reveals surfaceome heterogeneity between the two EV‐subtype. Collectively, our study provides critical insights into diverse proteins operating at the interactive platform of L‐EVs and molecular leads for future studies seeking to decipher L‐EV heterogeneity and function.
Anesthesia of rainbow trout with citronellal: Efficacy and biochemical effects
Authors: Hoseini Seyyed Morteza , Taheri Mirghaed Ali , Pagheh Esmail , Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Van Doan Hien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the anesthetic efficacy and biochemical effects of citronellal on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish were exposed to 200–800 µl/L citronellal to find the anesthesia induction and recovery times. The deep anesthesia stage was reached within 117–613 s, using 800–200 µl/L citronellal, respectively, and all fish recovered within 240–420 s. To assess biochemical responses, the fish were exposed to 200, 400, 600, and 800 µl/L of citronellal and blood‐sampled after deep anesthesia. The results showed that anesthesia led to significant elevations in blood erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, plasma lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase; these parameters exhibited increasing trends as citronellal concentration increased. These results along with significantly higher plasma lysozyme activity, cortisol, and glucose levels in 200 µl/L treatment suggest that an increase in citronellal concentration significantly mitigates hypoxia/stress responses in the fish. Significant elevations in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and malondialdehyde level were observed in the 200 µl/L treatment, which suggests induction of hemolysis and oxidative stress in this treatment. There was a tendency to higher ammonia levels along with the increase in citronellal concentration, which might be due to early ammonia accumulation because of lower opercular movement in the fish. Except for blood hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume, there were no significant differences between the 600 and 800 µl/L citronellal treatments. In conclusion, high concentrations of citronellal are more suitable for trout anesthesia and blood sampling than low concentrations. Based on the present study, 600–800 µl/L citronellal is recommended for trout anesthesia.
Influence of genetic counselor medical history on specialty and psychosocial practice in North America
Authors: Amos Kaitlyn , McCarthy Veach Patricia , Wagner Chelsea , Czerwinski Jennifer , Murphy Lauren , Mork Maureen , Singletary Claire N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA personal or family medical history is inherently part of a genetic counselor's life story. Yet, the degree to which this history influences counselors’ clinical specialty choice and professional psychosocial practice is unexplored. A medical diagnosis may foster capacity for greater empathy, understanding, and rapport‐building self‐disclosure. Conversely, it could lead to disruptive countertransference, compassion fatigue, and eventually burnout. Research, however, has not specifically investigated this intersection. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of genetic counselors’ personal and/or family medical history on choice of practice area and self‐perceived impact on their psychosocial work within sessions. Members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors were recruited to complete an online screening survey. Of the 69 survey respondents that met inclusion criteria, 23 volunteered for and completed a telephone interview. Interview questions explored counselors’ medical narratives and their consequent influence on specialty choice and clinical interaction with patients. Inductive analysis yielded nine domains within three major themes: Medical Story, Specialty Impact, and Psychosocial Influence. Participants were more likely to be attracted to a specialty possessing overlap with their medical history and attributed many of their psychosocial strengths to personal and/or family medical experiences, such as increased empathy or a more expansive scope in how they cared for patients. Many counselors, however, noted their medical history did not frequently influence their clinical practice, with most initially denying or downplaying use of self‐disclosure about their history. Contradictory to their statements, the majority gave at least one example of self‐disclosure, whether indirect, prompted, or direct. Importantly, almost all participants named or demonstrated countertransference. This study highlights that while medical history can be a valuable asset in providing care for patients, it requires a genetic counselor's diligent attentiveness and commitment to honest self‐reflection.
Erytra blood group analyser and kode technology testing of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies among convalescent patients and vaccinated individuals
Authors: Weinstock Christof , Flegel Willy A. , Srivastava Kshitij , Kaiser Sabine , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Tsamadou Chrysanthi , Ludwig Carolin , Jahrsdörfer Bernd , Bovin Nicolai V. , Henry Stephen M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSurveillance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic requires tests to monitor antibody formation and prevalence. We detected SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies using red cells coated by Kode technology with short peptides derived from the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (SP). Such modified red cells, called C19‐kodecytes, can be used as reagent cells in any manual or automated column agglutination assay. We investigated the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in 130 samples from COVID‐19 convalescent plasma donors using standard manual technique, two FDA‐authorized enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays and a virus neutralisation assay. The sensitivity of the C19‐kodecyte assay was 88%, comparable to the anti‐SP and anti‐nucleocapsid protein (NCP) ELISAs (86% and 83%) and the virus neutralisation assay (88%). The specificity of the C19‐kodecyte assay was 90% (anti‐SP 100% and anti‐NCP 97%). Likewise, 231 samples from 73 vaccinated individuals were tested with an automated analyser, and we monitored the appearance and persistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies. The C19‐kodecyte assay is a robust tool for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody detection. Automated blood group analyser use enables large‐scale SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody testing for vaccination monitoring in population surveys.
Information technology adoption and integration into global value chains: Evidence from small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Nam Hoang , Bui Tuan Anh , Hoang Tram Bao , Pham Hanh My 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile it is well known that the adoption of information technology facilitates the integration of enterprises into global value chains (GVCs), it is unclear how this relationship changes in different business environments. This study reveals that while the adoption of information technology facilitates micro‐, small‐, or medium‐sized enterprises which are located in an improved‐quality business environment to participate in GVCs, it does not help the micro‐sized enterprises located in a low‐quality business environment to become integrated into GVCs. Therefore, information technology policies should be complemented by policies which improve the business environment to promote smaller enterprises to be integrated into GVCs.
ADAM17/MMP inhibition prevents neutrophilia and lung injury in a mouse model of COVID-19
Authors: Lartey Nathaniel L , Valle-Reyes Salvador , Vargas-Robles Hilda , Jiménez-Camacho Karina E , Guerrero-Fonseca Idaira M , Castellanos-Martínez Ramón , Montoya-García Armando , García-Cordero Julio , Cedillo-Barrón Leticia , Nava Porfirio , Filisola-Villaseñor Jessica G , Roa-Velázquez Daniela , Zavala-Vargas Dan I , Morales-Ríos Edgar , Salinas-Lara Citlaltepetl , Vadillo Eduardo , Schnoor Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSevere coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by lung injury, cytokine storm, and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Current therapies focus on reducing viral replication and inflammatory responses, but no specific treatment exists to prevent the development of severe COVID-19 in infected individuals. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, but it is also critical for maintaining the correct functionality of lung epithelium and endothelium. Coronaviruses induce activation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) and shedding of ACE2 from the cell surface resulting in exacerbated inflammatory responses. Thus, we hypothesized that ADAM17 inhibition ameliorates COVID-19-related lung inflammation. We employed a preclinical mouse model using intratracheal instillation of a combination of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RBD-S) to mimic lung damage associated with COVID-19. Histologic analysis of inflamed mice confirmed the expected signs of lung injury including edema, fibrosis, vascular congestion, and leukocyte infiltration. Moreover, inflamed mice also showed an increased NLR as observed in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Administration of the ADAM17/MMP inhibitors apratastat and TMI-1 significantly improved lung histology and prevented leukocyte infiltration. Reduced leukocyte recruitment could be explained by reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines and lower levels of the endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Additionally, the NLR was significantly reduced by ADAM17/MMP inhibition. Thus, we propose inhibition of ADAM17/MMP as a novel promising treatment strategy in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals to prevent the progression toward severe COVID-19.
N2O emission and mineral N leaching from contrasting land‐use hillslopes as jointly affected by climate and rock fragment factors
Authors: Zhou Zhiwen , Zhu Qing , Lai Xiaoming , Liao Kaihua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and aims: The effects of climate factors and rock fragment content (RFC) on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and mineral N leaching can be important in reducing N losses in different agroecosystems. This study aimed to analyze and quantify the intertwined effects of precipitation intensity, temperature, RFC, and land use on these two kinds of soil N losses.Methods: The DayCent models were calibrated and validated using observed data for the representative tea garden (TG), bamboo forest (BF), and mixed forest (MF) hillslopes in the southeastern hilly region of China. The N2O emissions and mineral N leaching were then simulated under a total of 882 scenarios with the combinations of three land‐use types (TG, BF, and MF), seven precipitation intensities (PI, from 8 to 99.2 mm d−1 but the total precipitation amount maintained), seven temperature conditions (from baseline –1°C to baseline +2°C with 0.5°C increment), and six RFCs (from 0 to 50% in volume with 10% increment).Results: The TG had the greatest soil N2O emission (1.8 and 3.3 times of BF and MF, respectively) and mineral N leaching (5.5 and 36.8 times of BF and MF, respectively). On three land‐use hillslopes, the greatest soil N2O emissions were observed in summer, while great mineral N leaching were generally observed in spring and winter. Peaks of N2O emissions were observed as the PI reached 59.8 mm d−1, while peaks of mineral N leaching were always observed when the PI reached 8.0 and 59.8 mm d−1. With temperature increasing and RFC decreasing, both types of soil N losses increased. The land use and RFC had the primary influences on both types of soil N losses compared to climate factors. Under the same RFCs, the PI had higher influence on soil N2O emission compared to temperature, while those on mineral N leaching were just opposite.Conclusion: Findings of this study would provide scientific bases for designing strategies to reduce soil N losses on the stony‐soil hillslopes.
Inorganic Nitrogen diffusion in undisturbed volcanic soils during continuous drying–rewetting cycles
Authors: Clunes John , Deltedesco Evi , Pinochet Dante , Mentler Axel , Inselsbacher Erich , Keiblinger Katharina M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and aim: The diffusion of inorganic nitrogen (N) in soils is strongly affected by their physical characteristics and hydraulic gradients, which enable them to store and transport nutrients over time and space. The objective of this research was to use the microdialysis technique to continuously monitor the diffusive fluxes of inorganic N from the physical N store towards root surfaces in two volcanic soils after soil rewetting.Methods: Undisturbed soil samples were collected in metallic cylinders (230 cm3) at four depths (0–20, 20–40, 40–70, 70–100 cm) in two distinct volcanic soils (Andisol and Ultisol) that are used in agriculture. Diffusive N fluxes were determined during continuous drying and rewetting cycles (0 to 100 kPa) of intact undisturbed soil cores. Soil water content (SWC) at each water potential was calculated.Results and Conclusions: Diffusive fluxes increased significantly (p < 0.001) after rewetting in both soils: 16‐fold in the Andisol, from 32.7 ± 12.1 to 541.5 ± 306.5 nmol N cm−2 h−1 (34 to 62% SWC) and 66‐fold in the Ultisol, from 65.6 ± 25.8 to 4298.7 ± 1289.9 nmol N cm−2 h−1 (31 to 58% SWC) in the upper 20 cm of the soils. In addition, diffusive fluxes decreased with depth in both soils. We found that the residence time of available in these soils strongly depended upon actual SWC and thereby the functionality of the pores in the system. We propose that the ability of the porous system to transport water throughout the soil profile is a relevant parameter within N diffusion, since it allows us to estimate the increase or decrease of diffusive fluxes as a function of the soil water content during continuous drying and rewetting cycles.
Cell sources proposed for nucleus pulposus regeneration
Authors: Williams Rebecca J. , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Snuggs Joseph Wiliam , Le Maitre Christine Lyn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLower back pain (LBP) occurs in 80% of adults in their lifetime; resulting in LBP being one of the biggest causes of disability worldwide. Chronic LBP has been linked to the degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The current treatments for chronic back pain only provide alleviation of symptoms through pain relief, tissue removal, or spinal fusion; none of which target regenerating the degenerate IVD. As nucleus pulposus (NP) degeneration is thought to represent a key initiation site of IVD degeneration, cell therapy that specifically targets the restoration of the NP has been reviewed here. A literature search to quantitatively assess all cell types used in NP regeneration was undertaken. With key cell sources: NP cells; annulus fibrosus cells; notochordal cells; chondrocytes; bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells; adipose‐derived stromal cells; and induced pluripotent stem cells extensively analyzed for their regenerative potential of the NP. This review highlights: accessibility; expansion capability in vitro; cell survival in an IVD environment; regenerative potential; and safety for these key potential cell sources. In conclusion, while several potential cell sources have been proposed, iPSC may provide the most promising regenerative potential.