bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Springtime Spatial Distributions of Biogenic Sulfur Compounds in the Yangtze River Estuary and Their Responses to Seawater Acidification and Dust
Authors: Gao Xu‐Xu , Zhang Hong‐Hai , Yang Gui‐Peng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe spatial distributions of dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were investigated in the Yangtze River Estuary from 9 to 23 March, 2018. The average concentrations of DMS, dissolved DMSP (DMSPd), particulate DMSP (DMSPp), dissolved DMSO (DMSOd) and particulate DMSO (DMSOp) were 3.00 ± 2.53, 1.75 ± 1.08, 10.89 ± 14.28, 9.80 ± 7.79, and 9.51 ± 8.90 nmol L−1, respectively. The high DMS and DMSP concentrations occurred mainly in the open sea, exhibiting distribution patterns similar to chlorophyll a (Chl‐a). Due to the release of resuspended sediments, elevated DMSO concentrations were observed in the bottom waters of some stations. The three sulfur compounds were positively correlated with Chl‐a (p < 0.05), suggesting that phytoplankton played an essential role in the production of sulfur compounds. Comparisons with previous research showed that the concentrations of DMS, DMSP, and DMSOp exhibited clear seasonal variability. The average sea‐to‐air flux of DMS was 8.19 ± 12.94 μmol m−2 d−1 in the study area, indicating that the estuary and continental shelf sea were significant contributors to the global sulfur cycle. Ship‐based incubation experiments showed that lower pH inhibited the production of the three biogenic sulfur compounds, while the addition of dust promoted their release. Therefore, in the future, the inhibitory effect of seawater acidification on the production of phytoplankton and sulfur compounds might be offset, to some degree, by the input of nutrient‐rich dust.
The retail food environment and its association with body mass index in Mexico
Authors: Pineda Elisa , Brunner Eric J. , Llewellyn Clare H. , Mindell Jennifer S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveMexico has one of the highest rates of obesity and overweight worldwide, affecting 75% of the population. The country has experienced a dietary and food retail transition involving increased availability of high-calorie-dense foods and beverages. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the retail food environment and body mass index (BMI) in Mexico.Subjects/MethodsGeographical and food outlet data were obtained from official statistics; anthropometric measurements and socioeconomic characteristics of adult participants (N = 22,219) came from the nationally representative 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT). Densities (store count/census tract area (CTA)) of convenience stores, restaurants, fast-food restaurants, supermarkets and fruit and vegetable stores were calculated. The association of retail food environment variables, sociodemographic data and BMI was tested using multilevel linear regression models.ResultsConvenience store density was high (mean (SD) = 50.0 (36.9)/CTA) compared with other food outlets in Mexico. A unit increase in density of convenience stores was associated with a 0.003 kg/m2(95% CI: 0.0006, 0.005,p = 0.011) increase in BMI, equivalent to 0.34 kg extra weight for an adult 1.60 m tall for every additional 10% store density increase (number of convenience stores per CTA (km2)). Metropolitan areas showed the highest density of food outlet concentration and the highest associations with BMI (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.004–0.01,p < 0.001). A 10% store density increase in these areas would represent a 1 kg increase in weight for an adult 1.60 m tall.ConclusionsConvenience store density was associated with higher mean BMI in Mexican adults. An excessive convenience store availability, that offers unhealthy food options, coupled with low access to healthy food resources or stores retailing healthy food, including fruits and vegetables, may increase the risk of higher BMI. This is the first study to assess the association of the retail food environment and BMI at a national level in Mexico.
Functional patient-derived cellular models for neuropsychiatric drug discovery
Authors: Lago Santiago G. , Tomasik Jakub , Bahn Sabine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMental health disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide. Challenges such as disease heterogeneity, incomplete characterization of the targets of existing drugs and a limited understanding of functional interactions of complex genetic risk loci and environmental factors have compromised the identification of novel drug candidates. There is a pressing clinical need for drugs with new mechanisms of action which address the lack of efficacy and debilitating side effects of current medications. Here we discuss a novel strategy for neuropsychiatric drug discovery which aims to address these limitations by identifying disease-related functional responses (‘functional cellular endophenotypes’) in a variety of patient-derived cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and organoids or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Disease-specific alterations in cellular responses can subsequently yield novel drug screening targets and drug candidates. We discuss the potential of this approach in the context of recent advances in patient-derived cellular models, high-content single-cell screening of cellular networks and changes in the diagnostic framework of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Dexamethasone accelerates muscle regeneration by modulating kinesin-1-mediated focal adhesion signals
Authors: Lin Jong-Wei , Huang Yi-Man , Chen Yin-Quan , Chuang Ting-Yun , Lan Tien-Yun , Liu Yen-Wenn , Pan Hung-Wei , You Li-Ru , Wang Yang-Kao , Lin Keng-hui , Chiou Arthur , Kuo Jean-Cheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring differentiation, skeletal muscle develops mature multinucleated muscle fibers, which could contract to exert force on a substrate. Muscle dysfunction occurs progressively in patients with muscular dystrophy, leading to a loss of the ability to walk and eventually to death. The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) has been used therapeutically to treat muscular dystrophy by an inhibition of inflammation, followed by slowing muscle degeneration and stabilizing muscle strength. Here, in mice with muscle injury, we found that Dex significantly promotes muscle regeneration via promoting kinesin-1 motor activity. Nevertheless, how Dex promotes myogenesis through kinesin-1 motors remains unclear. We found that Dex directly increases kinesin-1 motor activity, which is required for the expression of a myogenic marker (muscle myosin heavy chain 1/2), and also for the process of myoblast fusion and the formation of polarized myotubes. Upon differentiation, kinesin-1 mediates the recruitment of integrin β1 onto microtubules allowing delivery of the protein into focal adhesions. Integrin β1-mediated focal adhesion signaling then guides myoblast fusion towards a polarized morphology. By imposing geometric constrains via micropatterns, we have proved that cell adhesion is able to rescue the defects caused by kinesin-1 inhibition during the process of myogenesis. These discoveries reveal a mechanism by which Dex is able to promote myogenesis, and lead us towards approaches that are more efficient in improving skeletal muscle regeneration.
Diiron azadithiolate clusters supported on carbon nanotubes for efficient electrocatalytic proton reduction
Authors: Zhao Pei-Hua , Li Jian-Rong , Ma Zhong-Yi , Han Hong-Fei , Qu Yong-Ping , Lu Bao-Ping 
Published: February 2021

The first example of diiron azadithiolate clusters supported on carbon nanotubes (1-f-SWCNTs) was constructed via covalent attachment. This nanohybrid shows efficient electrocatalytic proton reduction with a TOF of 9444 s−1 in 0.2 N aqueous H2SO4.
Binary pathfinder algorithm for bus splitting optimisation problem
Authors: Doğan Erdi , Yörükeren Nuran 
Published: February 2021

This study proposes a binary version of the pathfinder algorithm (BPFA) inspired by both the collective movement of animals and the leadership hierarchy of swarms in order to solve the existing bus splitting optimisation (BSO) problem encountered by transmission system operators. Some existing efficient algorithms, such as particle swarm optimisation, binary grey wolf optimiser, and salp swarm algorithms, are also utilised to obtain a suitable solution in the BSO problem and to compare it with the BPFA. The objective function of the BSO problem is built to restrict the short‐circuit current and to provide the N − 1 security criteria. A new mathematical approach is proposed so as to assess the security performance of the transmission system during the solving of the BSO problem. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is tested on well‐known benchmark functions as well as IEEE 57 and IEEE 118 bus systems. Various transfer functions and position updating rules are implemented to each of the algorithms to acquire a better transition from continuous context to the binary format. The results obtained of the statistical indicators and the pairwise comparisons validate the efficiency and reliability of the BPFA algorithm in solving the compelling real‐world problem.
Influence of the rail electrification system topology on the energy consumption of train trajectories
Authors: Riego‐Martinez Jesus , Perez‐Alonso Marcelo , Duque‐Perez Oscar 
Published: February 2021

Electrically powered rail vehicles are considered one of the most energy‐efficient means of transport. Transport activity is responsible for a considerable part of global energy consumption. The transport industry is therefore obliged to develop strategies for more efficient energy use. Railway electrification systems transmit the electrical power supplied by substations to moving trains. However, part of the power supplied is consumed by the electrification systems and does not reach the trains. In this study, transmission losses in the 2 × 25 kV electrification system are evaluated. The 2 × 25 kV system is widely used in high‐speed and high‐capacity railway lines. Assessment of the performance of the 2 × 25 kV system is carried out by computer simulation of the power flows between the elements involved in train movement by means of simplified physical models. The results show that the reduction of transmission losses is a feasible way to achieve energy savings and to improve the energy efficiency in electrified rail transport. For this, it is essential to add the topology of the electrification system to the data considered in the design of the train trajectories.
Motivation zur Vollblutspende während pandemischer Ereignisse
Authors: Weidmann Christian , Derstroff Marie , Müller-Steinhardt Michael 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungAuch während Pandemien müssen die Blutspendedienste kontinuierlich BlutspenderInnen rekrutieren, um die Versorgung mit Blutprodukten zu gewährleisten. Während im Anschluss an andere Katastrophen wie Erdbeben oder Terroranschlägen die Spendebereitschaft meist sprunghaft ansteigt, zeigte sich in der Vergangenheit bei beginnenden Pandemien zunächst ein Rückgang des Spendenaufkommens. Viele SpenderInnen fürchten eine Infektion oder eine Schwächung ihres Immunsystems und bleiben zu Hause. Auch fällt es den Blutspendediensten zunächst schwer, die gewohnte Anzahl an mobilen Spendeterminen zu organisieren, wodurch das Spendenaufkommen zurückgeht. In der aktuellen SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie betrug dieser Rückgang in vielen Ländern mehr als 10%. SpenderInnen, die auch während einer Pandemie spenden, sind in der Regel erfahrener und besitzen bereits eine ausgebildete Spenderidentiät. Viele dieser SpenderInnen berichten, dass sie gezielt einen Beitrag zur Überwindung der Krise leisten möchten. Auch während einer Pandemie ist demnach eine hohe Solidarität unter BlutspenderInnen zu finden. Potenzielle ErstspenderInnen lassen sich durch die unsicheren Rahmenbedingungen dagegen von einer Spende eher abhalten und es bedarf gezielter Rekrutierungsstrategien unter Einsatz von Social-Media-Kanälen, um neue SpenderInnen zu gewinnen. Erste Befunde unter deutschen BlutspenderInnen lassen hierbei eine hohe Rückkehrintention der ErstspenderInnen erwarten. Um die Blutversorgung auch während einer Pandemie aufrechterhalten zu können, sollten die Blutspendedienste neben der Rekrutierung von ErstspenderInnen versuchen, schnell die Anzahl ihrer Spendetermine zu erhöhen. Die Ansprache bestehender SpenderInnen sollte vor allem die Verunsicherung reduzieren und das Vertrauen in die Blutspendedienste stärken. Je größer das Vertrauen in die Spendeeinrichtung ausfällt, desto geringer ist die Risikowahrnehmung der SpenderInnen. Auch sollten alternative Kontaktwege etwa über Messengerdienste getestet werden, da diese eine schnelle Ansprache erlauben.
Die konservative Therapie der Refluxkrankheit und ihre Grenzen
Authors: Labenz Joachim 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit (GERD) ist häufig. Protonenpumpeninhibitoren (PPI) gelten als Mittel der ersten Wahl für alle klinischen Manifestationen. Sie wirken allerdings bei mindestens 30% der Patienten unzureichend, zudem werden sie gelegentlich auch nicht vertragen. Einige Patienten wünschen sich auch eine therapeutische Alternative. Alginate bewirken eine mechanische Refluxhemmung durch Bildung einer gelartigen Schicht in der sog. Acid Pocket, einem Säurereservoir, das unmittelbar nach der Nahrungsaufnahme auf dem Speisebrei im Magenkorpus entsteht. Sie kommen zur Symptombehandlung einer unkomplizierten GERD als Alternative und bei unzureichendem PPI-Effekt auf die Symptome auch als Ergänzung zu einem PPI (add-on) in Betracht. Bei persistierenden Refluxbeschwerden sowie einer nicht heilenden Refluxösophagitis ist eine differenzierte endoskopische und funktionsanalytische Diagnostik zur Ursachenklärung erforderlich. Extraösophageale Manifestationen der
GERD, wie z. B. Husten, Räusperzwang, Stimmprobleme und Globusgefühl, sprechen häufig nicht auf eine Antirefluxtherapie an. Neue Daten sprechen dafür, dass es sich um komplexe Hypersensitivitätssyndrome handelt, bei denen Reflux nur einer von mehreren möglichen Auslösern ist.
Lumen-apposing metal stent through the meshes of duodenal metal stents for palliation of malignant jaundice
Authors: Mangiavillano Benedetto , Kunda Rastislav , Robles-Medranda Carlos , Oleas Roberto , Anderloni Andrea , Sportes Adrien , Fabbri Carlo , Binda Cecilia , Auriemma Francesco , Eusebi Leonardo H. , Frazzoni Leonardo , Fuccio Lorenzo , Colombo Matteo , Fugazza Alessandro , Bianchetti Mario , Repici Alessandro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the gold standard procedure for malignant jaundice palliation; however, it can be challenging when a duodenal self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) is already in place.
Patients and methods The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of the placement of a lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS) through the mesh (TTM) of duodenal stents. The secondary aims were to evaluate clinical outcomes and adverse events (AEs) related to the procedures.
Results Data from 23 patients (11 F and 12 M; mean age: 69.5 ± 11 years old) were collected. In 17 patients (73.9 %) TTM LAMS placement was performed as first intention, while in six patients (26.1 %) it was performed after a failed ERCP. Thirteen patients (56.5 %) underwent the procedure due to advanced pancreatic head neoplasia. One technical failure was experienced (4.3 %). The TTM LAMS placement led to a significant decrease in the serum levels of bilirubin, ALP, GGT, WBC and CRP. No cases of duodenal SEMS occlusion occurred and no other AEs were observed during the follow-up.
Conclusions Concomitant malignant duodenal and biliary obstruction is a challenging condition. Palliation of jaundice using TTM LAMS in patients already treated with duodenal stent is associated to promising technical and clinical outcomes.
A pilot study of virtual reality as an alternative to pharmacological sedation during colonoscopy
Authors: Friedman Madeline , Rand Kyle , Patel Tobias , Colizzo Francis , Carolan Peter , Kelsey Peter , Chung Daniel C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Conscious sedation is routinely administered for colonoscopy but is associated with risks and inconveniences. We sought to determine whether virtual reality (VR) may be a feasible alternative.
Patients and methods Twenty-seven individuals scheduled for screening/surveillance colonoscopy participated. The VR device was activated throughout the colonoscopy, but subjects could opt out and request standard medications. Questionnaires were administered, and variables were assessed on a scale of 1 to 10.
Results Cecal intubation was achieved in all cases without adverse events (AEs). Study colonoscopies were completed without pharmacological rescue in 26 of 27 patients (96.3 %) and procedure times were comparable to baseline. Subjects reported minimal pain, high satisfaction, and willingness to use VR for future colonoscopies to avoid narcotics and resume normal activities including driving.
Conclusion Replacing pharmacological sedation with VR did not impact colonoscopy completion rates, procedure time, or AEs. Satisfaction was high and only one subject (3.7 %) chose to suspend VR. VR can be an effective alternative for patients undergoing colonoscopy who prefer to avoid narcotics.
Das Heilpraktikerwesen aus der Perspektive der Rechtswissenschaft
Authors: Sodan Helge , Hadank Bernhard 
Published: February 2021

SummaryDer Berufsstand der Heilpraktiker deckt mit seinen zahlreichen Ausprägungen ein breites Spektrum verschiedener Versorgungsformen ab. Seine rechtliche Absicherung ist jedoch defizitär. Mit einer Studie haben der Rechtswissenschaftler Professor Dr. Helge Sodan und dessen wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter Bernhard Hadank eingehend untersucht, wo der Gesundheitspolitik bei der Reformgesetzgebung rechtliche Grenzen gesetzt sind und welche Möglichkeiten bestehen, in Zukunft das Heilpraktikerwesen rechtlich abzusichern.
Qualität der Versorgung sehr kleiner Frühgeborener in Deutschland – Auswertung öffentlich verfügbarer Daten der Perinatalzentren von 2014 bis 2018
Authors: Trotter Andreas 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Seit 2014 werden Ergebnisdaten der Versorgung sehr kleiner Frühgeborener (FG) in Deutschland zentral erfasst und sind unter www.perinatalzentren.org abrufbar. Mit den online verfügbaren Daten soll der Zusammenhang zwischen Fallzahl und Ergebnisqualität untersucht werden.
Methoden Bei der Ergebnisveröffentlichung für den 5-Jahreszeitraum 2014–2018 werden die Fallzahl pro Perinatalzentrum und Überleben bzw. Überleben ohne schwere Erkrankungen in Relation zum Bundesdurchschnitt für FG<1500 g Geburtsgewicht ausgewiesen. Neben der Fallzahl wird auch eine nach Risikofaktoren adjustierte Fallzahl ausgewiesen. Mittels Regression wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Fallzahl, adjustierter Fallzahl und Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit untersucht.
Ergebnisse Von den 212 Perinatalzentren waren 163 (77%) als Level 1 und 49 (23%) als Level 2 Zentren gelistet und versorgten 9300 (94%; Median 51; Min 13 bis Max 186) bzw. 538 (6%; 9; 4–28) FG<1500 g pro Jahr. Für die Fallzahl ließ sich keine signifikante Korrelation mit der Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit nachweisen. Die adjustierte Fallzahl zeigte einen schwachen linearen Zusammenhang mit dem Überleben ohne schwere Erkrankungen (p=0,02; R2=0,03). Bei nicht-parametrischer Regression stellten sich signiﬁkante Effekte ab einer adjustierten Fallzahl von mehr als 170 (Überleben) bzw. 100 (Überleben ohne schwere Erkrankungen) FG pro Jahr und Zentrum ein. Im Bereich darunter erklärt die Fallzahl keinen Anteil der Streuung.
Schlussfolgerung Es findet sich nur ein schwacher linearer und nichtlinearer Zusammenhang zwischen adjustierter Fallzahl und relativer Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit, der maßgeblich durch sehr große Zentren getrieben ist.
Management of Patent Vitellointestinal Duct in Infants
Authors: Ghritlaharey Rajendra K. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives
This study was undertaken to investigate and review the clinical presentation, surgical procedures executed, and the final outcome of infants managed for the patent vitellointestinal duct.

Materials and Methods
This is a single-institution, retrospective study and included infants who were operated for the patent vitellointestinal duct. This study was conducted at author's Department of Paediatric Surgery during the last 20 years; from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2019.

Results
A total of 24 infants were operated for the patent vitellointestinal duct during the study period and comprised 20 (83.3%) boys and 4 (16.6%) girls. The age of infants ranged from 7 days to 10 months, with a mean of 88.41 ± 64.9 days. Twenty-three (95.8%) infants were operated within 6 months of the age, 17 (70.8%) of them were operated within 3 months of the age. Only one (4.1%) infant was operated at the age of 10 months. Among 24 infants, 13 (54.1%) were presented with features suggestive of acute intestinal obstruction and remaining 11 (45.8%) were presented with fecal discharges through the umbilicus without intestinal obstruction. Among 13 infants who presented with acute intestinal obstruction, 12 had prolapsed bowel and 6 of them also had gangrenous bowel. Operative procedures were executed (n = 24) in the following order of frequency: (1) resection of patent vitellointestinal duct, wide wedge resection of ileum, and ileal repair (n = 13, 54.1%); (2) resection of patent vitellointestinal duct, small segment of ileum, and ileoileal anastomosis (n = 9, 37.5%); and (3) resection of patent vitellointestinal duct, segment of ileum, and an ileostomy (n = 2, 8.33%). Postoperatively, two (8.3%) infants developed anastomotic leak and peritonitis one each, later on, both of them died.

Conclusion
Patent vitellointestinal duct not only present with fecal discharges through the umbilicus but half of the infants presented with prolapsed bowel and with features of acute small bowel obstruction. Delay in seeking treatment for such cases was associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and therefore the patent vitellointestinal duct should be excised at the earliest.
Migrating Lateral Ventricle Choroid Plexus Cyst into the Fourth Ventricle Causing Acute Hydrocephalus
Authors: Carter Lacey M. , Cornwell Benjamin , Gross Naina L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChoroid plexus cysts consist of abnormal folds of the choroid plexus that typically resolve prior to birth. Rarely, these cysts persist and may cause outflow obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid. In this article, we presented a 5-month-old male child patient who presented with lethargy, vomiting, and a bulging anterior fontanelle. Magnetic resonance imaging showed one large choroid plexus cyst had migrated from the right lateral ventricle through the third ventricle and cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle causing outflow obstruction. The cyst was attached to the lateral ventricle choroid plexus by a pedicle. The cyst was endoscopically retrieved from the fourth ventricle intact and then fenestrated and coagulated along with several other smaller cysts. Histologic examination confirmed the mass was a choroid plexus cyst. The patient did well after surgery and did not require any cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Nine months after surgery, the patient continued to thrive with no neurological deficits. This case is the first we have found in the literature of a lateral ventricular choroid plexus cyst migrating into the fourth ventricle and the youngest of any migrating choroid plexus cyst. Only three other cases of a migrating choroid plexus cyst have been documented and those only migrated into the third ventricle. New imaging advances are making these cysts easier to identify, but may still be missed on routine sequences. High clinical suspicion for these cysts is necessary for correct treatment of this possible cause of hydrocephalus.