bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of human factors/ergonomics in healthcare systems: A giant leap in safety as a key strategy during Covid‐19
Authors: Rodríguez Yordán , Hignett Sue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, we present a model for integrating Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) into healthcare systems to make them more robust and resilient. We believe that to increase the impact of HFE during and after the Covid‐19 pandemic this integration should be carried out simultaneously at all levels (micro, meso, and macro) of the healthcare system. This new model recognizes the interrelationship between HFE and other system characteristics such as capacity, coverage, robustness, integrity, and resilience. We hope that the model will serve as a reference for a giant leap to design and improve the safety and effectiveness of healthcare services from a holistic (systems) perspective.
It's About Time: Temporal Management in Feature‐Based Product Line Engineering
Authors: Clements Paul 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTFeature‐based product line engineering employs the PLE factory concept in which all development occurs for any product line product. Any organization employing this paradigm in a contract‐based (as opposed to a mass market) context must answer the question: Who pays for the work inside the factory that may benefit multiple contracts? The answer can be surprisingly complex, involving security, regulatory compliance, and intellectual property protection issues of both the PLE organization and its customers. This article offers a method for answering this question by establishing processes to create charge numbers to which everyone working in the PLE factory can charge their effort. These processes must connect the funding supply to the funding consumption in a way that is fair, equitable, and compliant with applicable rules and regulations.
Tumors modulate fenestrated vascular beds and host endocrine status
Authors: Hargreaves Adam , Barry Simon T. , Bigley Alison , Kendrew Jane , Price Shirley 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAllograft and xenograft transplantation into a mouse host is frequently utilized to study cancer biology, tumor behavior, and response to treatment. Preclinical studies employing these models often focus solely upon the intra‐tumoral effects of a given treatment, without consideration of systemic toxicity or tumor–host interaction, nor whether this latter relationship could modulate the toxicologic response to therapy. Here it is demonstrated that the implantation and growth of a range of human‐ and mouse‐derived cell lines leads to structural vascular and, potentially, functional changes within peripheral endocrine tissues, a process that could conceivably ameliorate the severity of anti‐angiogenic‐induced fenestrated vessel attenuation. Observations suggest a multifactorial process, which may involve host‐ and tumor‐derived cytokines/growth factors, and the liberation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. Further investigation revealed a structurally comparable response to the administration of exogenous estrogen. These findings, in addition to providing insight into the development of clinical anti‐angiogenic “adaptation,” may be of significance within the “cancer‐cachexia” and cancer‐related anemia syndromes in man.
Assessment of subclinical left atrial myocardial dysfunction in essential hypertension patients with normal left ventricle function by two‐dimensional strain and volume‐derived variables
Authors: Huang Jun , Ni Cai‐Fang , Yang Chao , Yan Zi‐Ning , Fan Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate subclinical left atrial (LA) myocardial dysfunction in essential hypertension (EHT) patients by using volume‐derived and two‐dimensional strain.MethodsWe enrolled in this study 51 normal subjects and 95 EHT patients. The LA volume‐derived index was measured in apical 4‐ and 2‐chamber views. LA strain and strain rate, reservoir, conduit, and booster pump functions were measured by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).ResultsLA ejection fraction (LAEF) and absolute strain‐derived values were significantly lower in EHT patients than in controls. LAEF (total, passive), absolute values of LA strain (S‐reservoir and S‐conduit), and strain rate (Sr‐reservoir and Sr‐conduit) were significantly lower in EHT patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) than in patients without LVH and in controls. However, there were no significant difference in active LAEF or S‐booster pump and Sr‐booster pump functions between EHT patients without LVH and normal subjects. The areas under the curves of the combination of volume‐derived values, LA strain, and strain rate were significantly higher than those of individual indices.ConclusionIn our population, EHT patients showed impaired LA functions and greater stiffness than normal subjects. EHT patients with LVH showed greater impairment of LA reservoir and conduit functions than patients without LVH. EHT patients without LVH had normal LA booster pump function, which was impaired in patients with LVH. Volume‐derived and 2D strain values could provide a sensitive and reproducible method for detecting subclinical LA myocardial dysfunction in EHT.
JNK/Elk1 signaling and PCNA protein expression in the brain of hibernating frog Pelophylax esculentus
Authors: Falvo Sara , Santillo Alessandra , Di Fiore Maria Maddalena , Rosati Luigi , Chieffi Baccari Gabriella 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and neurogenesis are known to play a role in neuronal survival during hibernation. Herein, we investigate the activity of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNK) and Ets like‐1 protein (Elk1) kinase involved in cell survival, as well as the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a cell proliferation marker, in the brain of the frog Pelophylax esculentus. The study was conducted on female and male frogs collected during the annual cycle. Our results demonstrated that JNK activity increased during the hibernating phase in relation to the active phase. Interestingly, P‐Elk1 levels were positively correlated with P‐JNK levels, suggesting that the JNK/Elk1 pathway is pivotal in mediating neuroprotective adaptations that are essential to successful hibernation. On the contrary, we detected higher PCNA expression levels during the active period compared with the hibernating period. A sex dimorphism was observed in the expression levels of P‐JNK/P‐Elk1 that were specifically higher in males, and in the expression of PCNA reporting higher levels in female brains. Much remains to be learned regarding the regulation of hibernation, however, our findings provide new insights into the role of MAPK and proliferative pathways in hibernation, adding new knowledge concerning the mechanisms activated in the brain of ectothermic species to counteract the damage resulting from extreme temperatures.
Shoring up the foundations of production to respiration ratios in lakes
Authors: Brothers Soren , Vadeboncoeur Yvonne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ratio of primary production to ecosystem respiration rates (P:R ratio) is an ostensibly simple calculation that is used to characterize lake function, including trophic status, the incorporation of terrestrial organic carbon into lacustrian food webs, and the direction of carbon dioxide (CO2) flux between a lake and the atmosphere. However, many predictive links between P:R ratios and lake ecosystem function stem from a historically plankton‐centric perspective and the common use of the diel oxygen curve approach. We review the evolution of the use of P:R ratios and examine common assumptions underlying their application to (1) eutrophication, (2) carbon flux through lake food webs, and (3) the role of lakes in the global carbon budget. Foundational P:R studies have been complicated principally by the following: most P:R ratios were calculated from mid‐lake measurements and failed to incorporate nonplanktonic dynamics; there has been confusion regarding the food web implications when P:R ≠ 1; and CO2 fluxes between lakes and the atmosphere are influenced by nonmetabolic processes. We argue for a re‐assessment, or shoring up, of several fundamental assumptions that continue to guide metabolism research in lakes by accounting for mixing, benthic‐littoral processes, groundwater fluxes, and abiotic controls on gas dynamics to better understand lake food webs and accurately integrate lake ecosystems into landscape‐scale carbon cycling models.
Management of Biliary Stricture in Pediatric Liver Transplantation Patients: Long‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Yan Kimberly L. , Gomes Antoinette S. , Monteleone Phillip A. , Venick Robert S. , McDiarmid Sue V. , Vargas Jorge H. , Farmer Douglas G. 
Published: May 2021

Postoperative biliary complications have been reported to occur in 10% to 33% of pediatric liver transplantation (LT) recipients. Percutaneous intervention has become the primary treatment method for these complications; however, the efficacy and outcomes of these patients have not been well studied. Institutional pediatric LT from 1998 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the patients referred for percutaneous treatment of post‐LT biliary strictures. Clinical parameters, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiograms (PTCs), biliary catheter placement, cholangioplasty, and long‐term outcomes were analyzed. Of the 396 consecutive pediatric LT recipients during our study period, 50 (12.6%) were diagnosed with biliary strictures on PTC. LT biliary reconstructions were Roux‐en‐Y hepaticojejunostomy in 28 patients (56%), choledochojejunostomy in 11 patients (22%), and choledochocholedochostomy in 11 patients (22%). Median age at LT was 23.2 months (interquartile range [IQR], 10.9‐90.6), and 14 patients (28%) developed hepatic artery thrombosis. A total of 44 patients (88%) were treated with internal/external biliary catheters, of whom 38 (76%) underwent balloon cholangioplasty. By 12 months, 84% of patients had complete stricture resolution and catheter removal. Median total duration of catheter drainage was 152 days (IQR, 76‐308). A total of 8 patients required additional surgery (biliary reconstruction or repeat LT [re‐LT]) or died with a drainage catheter in place from complications unrelated to PTC intervention. Among the 6 patients (12%) treated with unilateral external biliary drainage catheters, 2 had catheters removed for inadequate drainage but then had spontaneous biliary obstruction resolution, 1 underwent duct reconstruction, and 3 required long‐term catheterization. Biliary strictures following pediatric LT can be successfully treated with internal/external biliary drainage catheters and cholangioplasty if the stricture can be crossed. However, patients with isolated strictured ducts may require long‐term external catheter drainage until re‐LT or percutaneous obliteration of isolated ducts.
Hybrid apes in the Anthropocene: Burden or asset for conservation?
Authors: Palmer Alexandra , Sommer Volker , Msindai Josephine Nadezda 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Conservationists often view hybrid animals as problematic, at least if anthropogenic influence caused the intermixing to occur. However, critics propose that humans should respect non‐human autonomy, reject and accept the creatures they have helped to create.

Based on two case studies of our own ethological, genetic and ethnographic research about chimpanzee and orangutan subspecies hybrids, we assess what, if anything, should be done about such animals. We consider problems posed by cross‐bred apes relating to: (a) Breeding—Do hybrids really experience reduced reproductive success? How are population‐level concerns and welfare of individual animals balanced in conservation breeding? (b) Essentialism—Are anti‐hybrid arguments based on essentialist or purist thinking? Does essentialism vary by conservation context? (c) Pragmatism—How do socio‐economic circumstances influence whether hybrids are embraced or ignored? Does the erosion of ‘untouched nature’ render hybrids more important?

We show that answers to these questions are complex and context‐specific, and that therefore decisions should be made on a case‐by‐case basis. For example, we find that anti‐hybrid arguments are essentialist in some cases (e.g. ape management in zoos) but not in others (e.g. ape reintroduction). Thus, rather than present recommendations, we conclude by posing nine questions that conservationists should ask themselves when making decisions about taxonomic hybrids.

​A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Synthesis of Multisubstituted Indanedione Based Spiropyrans via Oxa‐Michael/Michael Cascade Reaction
Authors: Reddy Yeruva Pavankumar , Gudise Veera Babu , Settipalli Poorna Chandrasekhar , Anwar Shaik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA sequential formal [4+2] cyclization involving cascade protocol has been developed for the construction of multisubstituted six‐membered spirocyclic scaffolds by using 2‐arylidene‐1, 3‐indanedione and nitro allylic alcohol. This method generates four stereocenters in spiropyran ring with high diastereoselctivity (99 : 1) under mild reaction conditions.
An Individual Amino Acid as a Possible Prebiotic Catalyst
Authors: Agazani Omer , Tulpin Alon , Reches Meital 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Mrs. Zehava Cohen from the graphical unit of the Hebrew University based on the idea of Mr. Omer Agazani and Prof. Meital Reches. The image shows the structure of L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in a “prebiotic environment”. We demonstrate the possibility that DOPA, an individual amino acid, could act as a prebiotic catalyst. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/syst.202100005.
Elevated temperatures accelerate the formation of toxic amyloid fibrils of hen egg‐white lysozyme
Authors: Feng Zili , Li Ying , Bai Yu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe formation of amyloid fibrils is critical for neurodegenerative diseases. Some physiochemical conditions can promote the conversion of proteins from soluble globular shapes into insoluble well‐organized amyloid fibrils. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temperatures on amyloid fibrils formation in vitro using the protein model of hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEWL). The HEWL fibrils were prepared at temperatures of 37, 45, 50 and 57°C in glycine solution of pH 2.2. Under transmission electron microscopy, we found the well‐organized HEWL amyloid fibrils at temperatures of 45, 50 and 57°C after 10 days of incubation. Thioflavin T and Congo red florescence assays confirmed that the formation and growth of HEWL fibrils displayed a temperature‐dependent increase, and 57°C produced the most amounts. Meanwhile, the surface hydrophobicity of aggregates was greatly increased by ANS binding assay, and β‐sheet contents by circular dichroism analysis were increased by 17.8%, 22.0% and 34.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the HEWL fibrils formed at 57°C caused significant cytotoxicity in SH‐SY5Y cells after 48 hr exposure, and the cell viability determined by MTT assay was decreased, with 81.35 ± 0.29% for 1 μM, 61.45 ± 2.62% for 2 μM, and 11.58 ± 0.39% (p < .01) for 3 μM. Nuclear staining results also confirmed the apoptosis features. These results suggest that the elevated temperatures could accelerate protein unfolding of the native structure and formation of toxic amyloid fibrils, which can improve understanding the mechanisms of the unfolding and misfolding process of prion protein.
Decolorization mechanism, identification of an FMN‐dependent NADH‐azoreductase from a moderately halotolerant Staphylococcus sp. MEH038S, and toxicity assessment of biotransformed metabolites
Authors: Fazeliyan Ebrahim , Sadeghi Mehraban , Forouzandeh Solieman , Doosti Abbas , Mohammadi Moghadam Fazel , Sedehi Morteza , Emadi Zahra , Sadeghi Ramin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe application of halotolerant microorganisms capable of decolorizing is attractive. Decolorization mechanism, the effect of different parameters on the decolorization percentage, and toxicity analysis of Reactive Black 5 before and after decolorization were investigated in the present study. The decolorization percentage for live cells of Staphylococcus sp. strain MEH038S was more than dead cells, which demonstrated that Reactive Black 5 was decolorized through the degradation process. The results confirmed that an FMN‐dependent NADH‐azoreductase gene was responsible for the decolorization and then was identified as Staphylococcus sp. EFS01 azoreductase from a moderately halotolerant Staphylococcus strain for the first time. The maximal decolorization of 98.15% was observed at pH 6.5 and 35 °C for 50 mg/L of Reactive Black 5. In addition, more than 90% decolorization was achieved with 5–40 g/L of NaCl. The results of Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that Reactive Black 5 was broken to the lower molecular weight compounds without any chromophoric azo groups. Phytotoxicity and fish toxicity proved that the biotransformed metabolites of Reactive Black 5 degradation were more toxic than the original dye. The moderate halotolerant strain exhibited a remarkable decolorization capability and can be applied for textile wastewater treatment.Practitioner Points

An azoreductase gene from a moderately halotolerant Staphylococcus was identified.
More than 90% decolorization efficiency was observed under high‐salt conditions.
Biotransformed metabolites of RB5 degradation were identified.
Toxicity analysis of biotransformed metabolites was investigated.
Building a New Thursday Circle. Carnap and Frank in Prague
Authors: Tuboly Adam Tamas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn 1949, Philipp Frank claimed that he and Rudolf Carnap built up a new center for the scientific world conception in Prague between 1931 and 1935. The aim of this paper is to provide historical evidence and further materials to approach this claim of Frank. Definite answers, however, require more space and contextualization, so I will just sketch some partial but hopefully promising narratives and rudimentary answers. I claim that though Carnap and Frank indeed tried to build a new center, they were unsuccessful, and possibly there were many reasons for this. This is the general claim; regarding Carnap, I will also show his way to the German University of Prague and his philosophical, scholarly, and cultural life in Prague.
Carnap’s Opposition to Logic of the Geisteswissenschaften
Authors: Dewulf Fons 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper I argue that Carnap in the Aufbau and in his later writings consistently conceives the humanities and the social sciences as domains of knowledge that are epistemically equal to the natural sciences. I show that Carnap was skeptical about the philosophical theories of Dilthey, Rickert and Windelband which aimed to distinguish the natural sciences from the humanities through a logical criterion. Although Carnap in the Aufbau integrated some terminology from Dilthey, Windelband and Rickert, he never accepted their philosophical questions about the humanities as legitimate. In his later writings, following Otto Neurath, he openly distanced himself from terminology that could be associated with such questions, and he never again spoke in a programmatic fashion about cultural concepts, like he had done in the Aufbau.
Integrability vs. RG flow in G × G and G × G/H sigma models
Authors: Levine Nat , Tseytlin Arkady A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider a class of 2d σ-models on products of group spaces that provide new examples of a close connection between integrability and stability under the RG flow. We first study the integrable G × G model derived from the affine Gaudin construction (for which the 1-loop β-functions were found in arXiv:2010.07879) and show that its condition of integrability is preserved also by the 2-loop RG flow. We then investigate the RG flow in the gauged G × G/H model, in particular the integrable T1,1 model found in arXiv:2010.05573. We also construct a new class of integrable G × G/H models in the case when the subgroup H is abelian. In the simplest case of G = SU2, H = U1 this leads to an integrable σ-model on the T1,q space (with a particular B-field). This model is also shown to be stable under the 2-loop RG flow, and we relate this property to its invariance under T-duality in an isometric U1 direction. This T1,q model may be interpreted as an integrable deformation of the GMM model (of two coupled WZW theories with generic levels) away from the conformal point.
Color-octet scalars in Dirac gaugino models with broken R symmetry
Authors: Carpenter Linda M. , Murphy Taylor 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work we study the collider phenomenology of color-octet scalars (sgluons) in supersymmetric models with Dirac gaugino masses that feature an explicitly broken R symmetry (R-broken models). We construct such models by augmenting minimal R-symmetric models with a fairly general set of supersymmetric and softly supersymmetry-breaking operators that explicitly break R symmetry. We then compute the rates of all significant two-body decays and highlight new features that appear as a result of R symmetry breaking, including enhancements to extant decay rates, novel tree- and loop-level decays, and improved cross sections of single sgluon production. We demonstrate in some detail how the familiar results from minimal R-symmetric models can be obtained by restoring R symmetry. In parallel to this discussion, we explore constraints on these models from the Large Hadron Collider. We find that, in general, R symmetry breaking quantitatively affects existing limits on color-octet scalars, perhaps closing loopholes for light CP-odd (pseudoscalar) sgluons while opening one for a light CP-even (scalar) particle. Qualitatively, however, we find that — much as for minimal R-symmetric models, despite stark differences in phenomenology — scenarios with broken R symmetry and two sgluons below the TeV scale can be accommodated by existing searches.