bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Light‐to‐Frequency Conversion Circuits Built with Si‐Based Frequency‐to‐Digital Converters via Complementary Photosensitive Ring Oscillators with p‐Type SWNT and n‐Type a‐IGZO Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Jeong Jinheon , Seo Seung Gi , Yu Seung‐Myeong , Kang Yunha , Song Junyoung , Jin Sung Hun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, as system‐level photodetectors, light‐to‐frequency conversion circuits (LFCs) are realized by i) photosensitive ring oscillators (ROs) composed of amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide/single‐walled carbon nanotube (a‐IGZO/SWNT) thin film transistors (TFTs) and ii) phase‐locked‐loop Si circuits built with frequency‐to‐digital converters (PFDC). The 3‐stage ROs and logic gates based on a‐IGZO/SWNT TFTs successfully demonstrate its performance on flexible substrates. Herein, along with the advantage of scalability, a‐IGZO films are used as photosensitive n‐type TFTs and SWNTs are employed as photo‐insensitive p‐type TFTs for better photosensitivity in circuit level. Through the controlling a post‐annealing condition of a‐IGZO film, responsivities and detectivities of a‐IGZO TFTs are obtained as 36 AW−1 and 0.3 × 1012 Jones for red, 93 AW−1 and 3.1 × 1012 Jones for green, and 194 AW–1 and 11.7 × 1012 Jones for blue. Furthermore, as an advanced demonstration for practical application of LFCs, a unique circuit (i.e., PFDC) is designed to analyze the generated oscillation frequency (fosc) from the LFC device and convert it to a digital code. As a result, the designed PFDC can exactly count the generated fosc from the flexible a‐IGZO/SWNT ROs under light illumination with an outstanding sensitivity and assign input frequencies to respective digital code.
Do you speak my language? The effect of sharing a teacher's native language on student achievement
Authors: Seah Kelvin K. C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing a data set from the United States that allows each student to be matched with two of his/her subject teachers, this study exploits variation in whether the student shares the same native language as the teacher across two academic subjects, within‐student, to identify the effect of assignment to a teacher of the same native language. The effect is examined separately for students who are native Spanish speakers and for students who are native English speakers. I find that, unconditional on teacher ethnicity, assignment to a native Spanish‐speaking teacher is associated with worse achievement for native Spanish‐speaking students in certain subjects. However, once differences in teacher ethnicity are controlled for, these negative effects disappear. For native English‐speaking students, assignment to a language‐congruent teacher has no impact on achievement. There is evidence that native language affinity could be an important mechanism through which student‐teacher ethnic interactions work.
Adsorption and Sustained‐Release Capacity of Glyphosate on Microporous Corn Starch
Authors: Dong Xiaoting , Bai Yifan , Ma Xian , Xue Pengli , Zhang Yan , Bian Liujiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlyphosate is a non‐selective, residue‐free herbicide that can pollute soil and water sources due to its extensive use and long‐term accumulation. The adsorption and release processes of glyphosate on corn microporous starch microspheres are studied. The results reveal that the adsorption capacities of glyphosate on native corn starch, corn microporous starch, and corn microporous starch with xanthan gum increase in turns. Further, the maximum adsorption capacity of the corn microporous starch with xanthan gum reaches 138.89 mg g−1 at 283 K. Moreover, the adsorption of glyphosate follows the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation and quasi‐secondary adsorption kinetic model on the three corn starches, which are all spontaneous exothermic processes controlled by enthalpy change. In the desorption process, glyphosate is slowly released on corn microporous starch with the addition of 0.02% xanthan gum with a cumulative release of ≈61% ± 3.17% after 48 h. The release kinetics follows the Ritger–Peppas release model, which is consistent with the Fick diffusion mechanism. These results indicate that the corn microporous starch with 0.02% xanthan gum is a well controlled‐ and sustained‐release carrier of glyphosate. This study provides some useful insight into the development of glyphosate sustained‐release preparations with high loading and long sustained‐release performance.
Mechanical and durability characteristics of sustainable concrete modified with partial substitution of waste foundry sand
Authors: Ahmad Jawad , Aslam Fahid , Zaid Osama , Alyousef Rayed , Alabduljabbar Hisham 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndustrial waste has rapidly increased day by day due to the fast‐growing population and usage of products, which dumps unscrupulously, resulting in environmental pollutions. Waste foundry sand (WFS) is one of the industrial solid wastes. River sand is generally used in concrete as a fine aggregate, which is limited (scant), and river excavation for sand leads to environmental deterioration. To resolve these problems, a study was performed on WFS as a partial substitution instead of natural sand in concrete. The effects of WFS on concrete performance were assessed through durability and mechanical performance. The results from experimental tests show that, compared to concrete blends with WFS up to 30% substitution, the control mix strength was only 7.6% (28 days) higher, and this improvement is not too high. In the same manner, concrete mixtures that contain WFS up to 30%, and their durability properties were somewhat same to blank max (control). Test results showed that WFS with a substitutions ratio up to 30% can be successfully used in concrete without disturbing its durability and strength properties.
Lysosome Fe2+ release is responsible for etoposide‐ and cisplatin‐induced stemness of small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Wang Kangwu , Chen Xiao , Zuyi Wang , Chen Liucheng , Fu Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIron metabolism has been shown to hand over cancer stem cell, which is regarded as the root of tumor progression, recurrence and chemoresistance. This study aims to explore whether iron metabolism is involved in etoposide‐ and cisplatin‐induced stemness in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Here, analysis on tumor‐sphere formation and stemness marker expression is performed to determine whether etoposide and cisplatin can induce SCLC cell stemness. Online dataset analysis is constructed to determine the correlation between iron transportation and the survival of lung cancer patients. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with rescuing experiments are carried out to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, the non‐lethal doses of etoposide and cisplatin can induce SCLC cell stemness in a concentration‐dependent manner and reduce the lysosome iron concentration dependent on Ferritin expression, which is positively regulated by HIF‐1α/β. Moreover, HIF‐1α/β can directly bind to Ferritin promoter region. This HIF/Ferritin axis is responsible for etoposide‐ and cisplatin‐induced iron reduction in lysosomes and stemness of SCLC cells. This work demonstrates that iron in lysosomes is essential for etoposide and cisplatin‐induced stemness of SCLC cells, which is regulated by the HIF/Ferritin axis.
Wavelet analysis of soil water state variables for identification of lateral subsurface flow: Lysimeter vs. field data
Authors: Ehrhardt Annelie , Groh Jannis , Gerke Horst H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPreferential and lateral subsurface flow (LSF) may be responsible for the accelerated transport of water and solutes in sloping agricultural landscapes; however, the process is difficult to observe. One idea is to compare time series of soil moisture observations in the field with those in lysimeters, where flow is vertically oriented. This study aims at identifying periods of deviations in soil water contents and pressure heads measured in the field and in a weighing lysimeter with the same soil profile. Wavelet coherency analysis (WCA) was applied to time series of hourly soil water content and pressure head data (15‐, 32‐, 60‐, 80‐, and 140‐cm depths) from Colluvic Regosol soil profiles. The phase shifts and periodicities indicated by the WCA plots reflected the response times to rain events in the same depth of lysimeter and field soil. For many rain events and depths, pressure and moisture sensors installed in the field soil responded earlier than those in the lysimeter. This could be explained by either vertical preferential flow or LSF from upper hillslope positions. Vice versa, a faster response in the lysimeter soil could be indicative for vertical preferential flow effects. Dry weather conditions and data gaps limited the number of periods with elevated soil moisture in 2016–2018, in which LSF was likely to occur. The WCA plots comprise all temporal patterns of time shifts and correlations between larger data time series in a condensed form to identify potentially relevant periods for more detailed analyses of subsurface flow dynamics.
Finite temperature quantum dynamics of complex systems: Integrating thermo‐field theories and tensor‐train methods
Authors: Borrelli Raffaele , Gelin Maxim F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis review provides the fundamental theoretical tools for the development of a complete wave‐function formalism for the study of time‐evolution of chemico‐physical systems at finite temperature. The methodology is based on the non‐equilibrium thermo‐field dynamics (NE‐TFD) representation of quantum mechanics, which is alternative to the commonly used density matrix representation. TFD concepts are extended and integrated with the tensor‐train (TT) numerical tools leading to a novel and powerful theoretical and computational framework for the study of complex quantum dynamical problems. In addition, NE‐TFD techniques are extended to enable the study of dissipative open systems via a new formulation of the hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) fully integrated with TT methodologies. We demonstrate that the combination of the TFD machinery with computational advantages of TTs results in a powerful theoretical and computational framework for scrutinizing dynamics of complex multidimensional electron‐vibrational systems. We illustrate the validity and the computational advantages of the developed methodologies by applying them to the study of quantum coherence effects in the energy‐transfer processes in antenna systems, to the analysis of fingerprints of vibrational modes in electron‐transfer and charge‐transfer processes in various model and realistic multidimensional molecular systems, as well as to simulation of other fundamental models of physical chemistry.This article is categorized under:
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Statistical Mechanics
Incorporating domain ontology information into clustering in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Huang Yue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClustering of structure‐rich heterogeneous information networks composed of multiple types of objects and relationships, which has become a challenge in data mining. Most of the existing clustering heterogeneous network methods focus on the internal information of the dataset while ignoring the domain knowledge outside the dataset. However, in real‐world scenarios, domain knowledge can often offer valuable information for clustering. In this study, we propose a three‐layer model OntoHeteClus, which is able to cluster multitype objects in star‐structured heterogeneous networks by considering both the dataset itself and the background information quantified via the ontology. OntoHeteClus first evaluates the similarity between central objects according to formalized domain ontology information, based on which central objects are subsequently clustered. Finally, attribute objects are clustered according to the central object clustering result. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the modeling concept and working principle of the proposed method, and experiments on a real‐world dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
Evaluating Unmanned Aerial Systems for the Detection and Monitoring of Moose in Northeastern Minnesota
Authors: McMahon Michael C. , Ditmer Mark A. , Isaac Edmund J. , Moore Seth A. , Forester James D. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for wildlife surveying and research has widely expanded in the past decade, but with varying levels of success. Applying UAS paired with Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) technology to survey forest‐dwelling species has been particularly challenging because of unreliable animal detection. We describe our application of UAS and FLIR technology to detect GPS‐collared moose (Alces alces) and their calves in the heavily‐forested region of northeastern Minnesota, USA, during 2018 and 2019. We conducted grid‐pattern UAS thermal surveys over GPS‐collared cows during the calving seasons (April to June) of 2018 and 2019 to determine the feasibility of using a FLIR‐equipped UAS for detecting cow moose, and for quantifying the number of calves. We also collected data on environmental and flight characteristic variables to model moose detection. Our best fitting model of moose detection showed increased detection with more cloud cover at the survey site ( = 1.13, SE = 0.43), whereas increased forest canopy ( = −1.10, SE = 0.38), and vegetative greenness (enhanced vegetation index, EVI;  = −1.37, SE = 0.32) both reduced detection success. By adjusting our methodology based on our detection model findings, we increased our adult moose detection success from 25% during our first season, to 85% during our second season, and calf detection from 27% to 79%, respectively. We report on our methodological improvements and identify limitations to UAS‐based wildlife research in forested systems. Overall, we found that UAS with FLIR sensing is a promising tool for quantifying moose calving success, twinning rate, and calf survival, and may be effective for monitoring the reproductive success and survival of other wildlife species in densely forested regions. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Figures of the Cosmopolitan Condition: The Wanderer, the Outcast, the Foreigner
Authors: Agier Michel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, I go through a series of figures embodying the cosmopolitan condition seen as a banal, everyday experience of migrants in urban borderlands. Using ethnographic accounts of migrants’ itineraries and social encounters, the chapter explores a series of urban spaces which are social “borderlands” and their inhabitants: neighbourhoods, squats, camps. Through stories and descriptions of connections and exploitation, settlement and displacement, it investigates the existence of an everyday or banal cosmopolitism experienced by Sudanese, Eritrean, Sri Lankan, Afghan or German dwellers of Beirut, Paris, Patras, and New York. It describes the cosmopolitan condition in the sense of a lived experience, an experience of sharing the world, no matter how inegalitarian and violent this may be.
Big Data as a Creeping Crisis
Authors: Vashishtha Swapnil , Rhinard Mark 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines the mass accumulation of private data in terms of a creeping crisis. The threat at hand—commonly referred to as “Big Data”—pertains to the direct compromising of personal integrity and safety. The chapter explores the driving forces behind this threat, identifies the precursor events or “flare-ups” of the deeper problem, and documents the varying levels of scientific, political, and public attention given to the problem. Our analysis reveals the breadth of the problem and the main challenge to managing it: societies’ deep dependence on the underlying technologies and systems. Addressing this creeping crisis will require substantial government intervention to regulate privacy and effective horizon scanning to track its many possible costs.
Acoustic telemetry reveals strong spatial preferences and mixing during successive spawning periods in a partially migratory common bream population
Authors: Winter Emily R. , Hindes Andrew M. , Lane Steve , Britton J. Robert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPartial migration, whereby a population comprises multiple behavioural phenotypes that each have varying tendencies to migrate, is common among many animals. Determining the mechanisms by which these phenotypes are maintained is important for understanding their roles in population structure and stability. The aim here was to test for the temporal and spatial consistency of migratory phenotypes in a common breamAbramis brama(‘bream’) population, and then determine their social preferences and extent of mixing across three successive annual spawning periods. The study applied passive acoustic telemetry to track the movements of bream in the River Bure system of the Norfolk Broads, a lowland wetland comprising highly connected riverine and lacustrine habitats. Analyses revealed that individual migratory phenotype was highly consistent across the 3 years, but this was not predicted by fish sex or length at tagging. During the annual spawning periods, network analyses identified off-channel areas visited by both resident and migrant fish that, in non-spawning periods, were relatively independent in their space use. Within these sites, the co-occurrence of bream was non-random, with individuals forming more preferred associations than expected by chance. These associations were not strongly predicted by similarity in fish length, sex or behavioural phenotype, indicating that the resident and migrant phenotypes mixed during their annual spawning periods. The results suggested these different phenotypes, with spatially distinct resource use in non-spawning periods, comprised a single population, with this having important implications for the management of this wetland resource.
Das quantifizierte EEG im elektroenzephalogrammbasierten Monitoring während Allgemeinanästhesie
Authors: Kaiser H. A. , Knapp J. , Sleigh J. , Avidan M. S. , Stüber F. , Hight D. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) findet im klinischen Alltag der Anästhesie des deutschsprachigen Raumes zunehmend Anwendung. Bei über 90 % der Patienten ändert sich das frontale EEG als Reaktion auf die Gabe der gebräuchlichen Narkotika (Propofol und volatile Narkosegase) in typischer Weise. Eine adäquate Narkosetiefe und angemessene Konzentrationen der Anästhetika im Gehirn erzeugen meist frontale Oszillationen zwischen 8 und 12 Hz (α-Oszillationen) sowie langsame δ‑Wellen zwischen 0,5 und 4 Hz. Die frontale EEG-Ableitung eignet sich gut zur Vermeidung einer unzureichenden Narkosetiefe bzw. einer Überdosierung von Anästhetika. Im Folgenden werden die klinische Interpretation der wichtigsten EEG-Muster und ihr biophysikalischer Hintergrund erläutert. Ebenso werden wichtige Limitationen und „Fallstricke“ für den klinischen Alltag diskutiert, die der Anästhesist kennen sollte, um das EEG als zwar unvollständigen, aber klinisch äußerst wichtigen Parameter des Bewusstseinslevels zu nutzen.
Sex differences in experiences of multiple traumas and mental health problems in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Yapp Emma , Booth Tom , Davis Katrina , Coleman Jonathan , Howard Louise M. , Breen Gerome , Hatch Stephani L. , Hotopf Matthew , Oram Siân 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Experiences of reported trauma are common and are associated with a range of mental health problems. Sex differences in how reported traumas are experienced over the life course in relation to mental health require further exploration.

Methods
157,358 participants contributed data for the UK Biobank Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ). Stratified Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to analyse combinations of reported traumatic experiences in males and females separately, and associations with mental health.

Results
In females, five trauma classes were identified: a low-risk class (58.6%), a childhood trauma class (13.5%), an intimate partner violence class (12.9%), a sexual violence class (9.1%), and a high-risk class (5.9%). In males, a three-class solution was preferred: a low-risk class (72.6%), a physical and emotional trauma class (21.9%), and a sexual violence class (5.5%). In comparison to the low-risk class in each sex, all trauma classes were associated with increased odds of current depression, anxiety, and hazardous/harmful alcohol use after adjustment for covariates. The high-risk class in females and the sexual violence class in males produced significantly increased odds for recent psychotic experiences.

Conclusion
There are sex differences in how reported traumatic experiences co-occur across a lifespan, with females at the greatest risk. However, reporting either sexual violence or multiple types of trauma was associated with increased odds of mental health problems for both males and females. Findings emphasise the public mental health importance of identifying and responding to both men and women’s experiences of trauma, including sexual violence.
Anatomic single vs. double-bundle ACL reconstruction: a randomized clinical trial–Part 1: clinical outcomes
Authors: Irrgang James J. , Tashman Scott , Patterson Charity G. , Musahl Volker , West Robin , Oostdyk Alicia , Galvin Bryan , Poploski Kathleen , Fu Freddie H . 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Compare clinical outcomes of anatomic single-bundle (SB) to anatomic double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). It was hypothesized that anatomic DB ACLR would result in better International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF) scores and reduced anterior and rotatory laxity compared to SB ACLR.

Methods
Active individuals between 14 and 50 years of age that presented within 12 months of injury were eligible to participate. Individuals with prior injury or surgery of either knee, greater than a grade 1 concomitant knee ligament injury, or ACL insertion sites less than 14 mm or greater than 18 mm were excluded. Subjects were randomized to undergo SB or DB ACLR with a 10 mm-wide quadriceps tendon autograft harvested with a patellar bone block and were followed for 24 months. The primary outcome measures included the IKDC-SKF and KT-1000 (side to side difference) and pivot shift tests. Other secondary outcomes included measures of sports activity and participation, range of motion (ROM) and re-injury.

Results
Enrollment in the study was suspended due to patellar fractures related to harvest of the patellar bone plug. At that time, 57 subjects had been randomized (29 DB) and two-year follow-up was attained from 51 (89.5%). At 24-month follow-up there were no between-group differences detected for the primary outcomes. Twenty-one (77.8%) DB’s and 20 (83.3%) SB’s reported returning to pre-injury sports 2 years after surgery (n.s) Three subjects (2 DB’s, 5.3% of total) sustained a graft rupture and 5 individuals (4 SB’s, 8.8% of total) had a subsequent meniscus injury.

Conclusions
Due to the early termination of the study, there were no detectable differences in clinical outcome between anatomic SB and DB ACLR when performed with a quadriceps tendon autograft with a bone block in individuals with ACL insertion sites that range from 14 to 18 mm.

Level of Evidence
Level 2