bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-bacterial Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Onion, Garlic and Cinnamon on Xanthomonas Species
Authors: Hussain Amir , Naqqash Tahir , Hussain Syed Bilal , Shah Shahid Masood , Shabir Ghulam 
Published: November 2021

Onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) are edible herbs but they contain many chemicals which can be used as medicine. These herbs also contain many antibiotic molecules that are capable to inhibit or reduce growth of many types of microbes including bacteria. Due to the development of resistance of bacteria against synthetic antibiotic now there is a need to have natural antibiotic which must be harmless, cheap and easily available. To know the effectiveness of garlic, onion, and cinnamon on disease causing bacteria such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, extracts of each sample was made in water and ethanol. Antibacterial potential of plant extracts was observed at two different stages: at the time of inoculation and after growth of pathogen on media. Results showed extracts applied on all the bacteria before growth inhibited maximum bacterial growth as compared to applied after growth. Moreover, cinnamon extract in ethanol effectively control bacterial growth than onion and garlic extracts. Maximum inhibition zone was shown by ethanolic extract of cinnamon before growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (7.333 mm), Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (7.83 mm) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (5.1 mm). After 24 hours, maximum growth of Xanthomonas oryzae and Xanthomonas axonopodis was inhibited by ethanolic extracts of cinnamon (2.82 and 3.35 mm, respectively) while Xanthomonas campestris was inhibited by ethanolic extract of onion (6.55 mm). Extract diluted from 66mg/ml to 0.01mg/ml showed different minimum inhibitory concentration against pathogens. As concentration decreases inhibition of bacteria also decreases. Ethanolic extracts of cinnamon showed maximum MIC against Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (3.5 mm to 1.5 mm) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (5 mm to 2 mm) while for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri ethanolic extract of garlic (3 mm to 1 mm) was effective ranging between 66mg/ml to 33 mg/ml. This study highlighted that natural products possess ability to inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth and would also be helpful in medicinal field for further study.
The Prevalence, Intensity and Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in Outpatients in Bafoussam II, West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Tchinde Yannick Duclair , Abongwa Lem Edith , David Fotsing , Helen Ngum Ntonifor 
Published: November 2021

Background: Gastrointestinal parasitic infections remain a public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and density of gastrointestinal parasites and to identify the risk factors of their transmission.
Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out from June to October 2020, on outpatients visiting the Djeleng Sub divisional medical centre in Bafoussam II. All consenting participants provided a stool sample and completed an open-ended questionnaire. Stool samples were examined simultaneously as fresh wet mounts, formal-ether concentration technique and modified Zieihl Neelsen staining technique. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0.
Results: Results obtained from this study revealed that the overall prevalence and mean intensity of parasite infection was 29.1% (94/323) and 1464±314 ppg respectively. Parasites recovered were: Entamoeba histolytica 54.26% (51/94), Trichomonas intestinalis 21.28% (20/94), Entamoeba coli 19.15% (18/94), Cryptosporidium spp 3.19% (3/94) and Trichuris trichiura 2.13% (2/94). Prevalence was slightly higher in males 31.76% (27/85) than females 28.15% (67/238) and the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.364). The prevalence was higher among individuals aged 21-30 years 35.22% (31/88). Most infected individuals resided in Djemoun 40.0%(4/10) and this prevalence was significant (p=0.025). Hair dressers harboured the highest rate of intestinal parasites 60.0% (6/10) and the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.235). Hand washing practices, washing of fruits, walking bare footed, toilet cleaning, screening of houses, pet possession, and frequency of nail trimming were not identified as risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitic transmission (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Provision of health education, improving personal and communal hygiene, and community based deworming with addition of antiprotozoal drugs should be of major focus to prevent and control these infections.
Terahertz Detectors Based on Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Jin Meihua , Wang Yingxin , Chai Minqi , Chen Chuanxin , Zhao Ziran , He Tao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVarious applications of terahertz (THz) radiation and the importance to fundamental science make the development of THz technology one of the key areas in modern applied physics. THz detectors are a key component of THz technology, whose performance determines the application market. One feasible approach to fabricate high performance THz detectors is to utilize carbon nanomaterials, particularly, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene. Their novel thermal, optical, and electronic properties make them promising in the field of THz technology. In this review, based on a brief introduction of the unique properties of graphene and CNTs, the fundamental principles of thermal, electronic, and photonic effects in carbon‐based THz detection are thoroughly discussed, together with the detailed summary of major progresses in the past decades. Finally, the challenges and opportunity of such THz detectors are presented from three aspects of precise preparation of carbon nanomaterials, mechanism of THz detectors and device technology.
An Extra‐Broadband VIS‐NIR Emitting Phosphor toward Multifunctional LED Applications
Authors: Xiao Yu , Xiao Wenge , Wu Dan , Guan Linquan , Luo Min , Sun Ling‐Dong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of extra‐broadband emitting phosphors is challenging but meaningful work. So far, however, phosphors that can be effectively excited by GaN‐based blue light‐emitting diode (LED) chips and emit from visible (VIS) to near‐infrared (NIR) regions are still rare. Herein, this study designs an extra‐broadband VIS‐NIR emitting phosphor with emission band ranging from 460 nm to 880 nm (bandwidth >400 nm) upon 450 nm excitation, owing to an efficient energy transfer from Ce3+ to the red and NIR emitting Mn2+ ions in Lu2BaAl4SiO12 (LBAS) host. By the analysis of extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra and fluorescence lifetimes, it is demonstrated that the NIR emission most probably originates from those Mn2+ occupying the dodecahedral sites with high symmetry rather than the exchange‐coupled Mn2+‐Mn2+ pairs. Furthermore, two single‐phase phosphor‐converted LEDs are fabricated by combining blue LEDs with LBAS:Ce3+,Mn2+ phosphors, and thanks to the extra‐broadband emission, the resultant devices may realize multifunctional applications, such as in high‐quality general lighting, NIR spectroscopy, and plant growth lighting.
Enabling Distributed Intelligence with Ferroelectric Multifunctionalities
Authors: Yao Kui , Chen Shuting , Lai Szu Cheng , Yousry Yasmin Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDistributed intelligence involving a large number of smart sensors and edge computing are highly demanded under the backdrop of increasing cyber‐physical interactive applications including internet of things. Here, the progresses on ferroelectric materials and their enabled devices promising energy autonomous sensors and smart systems are reviewed, starting with an analysis on the basic characteristics of ferroelectrics, including high dielectric permittivity, switchable spontaneous polarization, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and bulk photovoltaic effects. As sensors, ferroelectrics can directly convert the stimuli to signals without requiring external power supply in principle. As energy transducers, ferroelectrics can harvest multiple forms of energy with high reliability and durability. As capacitors, ferroelectrics can directly store electrical charges with high power and ability of pulse‐mode signal generation. Nonvolatile memories derived from ferroelectrics are able to realize digital processors and systems with ultralow power consumption, sustainable operation with intermittent power supply, and neuromorphic computing. An emphasis is made on the utilization of the multiple extraordinary functionalities of ferroelectrics to enable material‐critical device innovations. The ferroelectric characteristics and synergistic functionality combinations are invaluable for realizing distributed sensors and smart systems with energy autonomy.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis Post–COVID‐19 Is Not Suggestive of Persistent Central Nervous System Infection
Authors: Schweitzer Finja , Goereci Yasemin , Franke Christiana , Silling Steffi , Bösl Fabian , Maier Franziska , Heger Eva , Deiman Birgit , Prüss Harald , Onur Oezguer A. , Klein Florian , Fink Gereon R. , Di Cristanziano Veronica , Warnke Clemens 
Published: November 2021

This study was undertaken to assess whether SARS‐CoV‐2 causes a persistent central nervous system infection. SARS‐CoV‐2–specific antibody index and SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA were studied in cerebrospinal fluid following COVID‐19. Cerebrospinal fluid was assessed between days 1 and 30 (n = 12), between days 31 and 90 (n = 8), or later than 90 days (post–COVID‐19, n = 20) after COVID‐19 diagnosis. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was absent in all patients, and in none of the 20 patients with post–COVID‐19 syndrome were intrathecally produced anti–SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies detected. The absence of evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in cerebrospinal fluid argues against a persistent central nervous system infection as a cause of neurological or neuropsychiatric post–COVID‐19 syndrome. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:150–157
Synthesis of isoeugenol biobased epoxy polymer by forming α‐hydroxyl ester and degradation studies
Authors: Sivanesan Dharmalingam , Seo Bongkuk , Lim Choong‐Sun , Song Jinyoung , Kim Hyeon‐Gook 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of bio‐based monomers and polymers from renewable feedstock, such as plant biomass, is desirable because of the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the reliance of thermosetting epoxy resin on non‐renewable petrochemical monomers. Despite the excellent polymeric properties of bisphenol‐based epoxy resins, these negatively impact human health. Herein, the synthesis of self‐curable epoxy polymers from the bio‐based material isoeugenol by forming α‐hydroxyl esters is reported. The epoxides are named AB (single epoxide and ester groups) and A2B2 (double epoxide and ester groups), based on the number of active ester and epoxide groups. The materials derived from the bio‐based material, AB and A2B2, were initiated with and without the catalyst N,N′‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and curing agent diaminodiphenylmethane. Without the catalyst, AB and A2B2 self‐polymerized at 247 and 210°C, respectively. Notably, the polymerization temperatures for AB and A2B2 decreased after the addition of DMAP. The self‐cured epoxy resin without the catalyst showed the highest thermal stability and glass transition temperature (Tg = 156°C). Degradation and recovery studies suggested forward that 51% of the material could be recovered and 94% of the polymer could be degraded from the self‐cured A2B2 in 25 wt% NaOH solution.
Fearless but anxious? A systematic review on the utility of fear and anxiety levels to classify subtypes of psychopathy
Authors: Hofmann Miriam J. , Schneider Sabrina , Mokros Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPsychopathic traits have been linked to anomalies in experiencing fear and anxiety. It remains unclear, however, to what extent fear and anxiety levels are useful parameters to effectively distinguish between subtypes of psychopathy. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate whether different psychopathic phenotypes (primary and secondary psychopathy) can be delineated based on fear/anxiety levels. To investigate associations between psychopathic traits and conscious experiences of fear and/or anxiety a systematic qualitative review of studies was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Seventeen studies were included in the review. We found some evidence for attenuated fear/anxiety levels in primary psychopathy. In secondary psychopathy, the experience of fear/anxiety seemed rather intact. Moreover, primary psychopathy might be associated with a more positive appraisal of the conscious feeling of fear. We reason that consciously experienced fear and anxiety are distinctly related to primary and secondary psychopathy. Due to a lack of consistent and comprehensive operationalizations of fear and anxiety, however, conclusions about their potential to differentiate psychopathic subtypes should be drawn with caution.
The relationship between body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and ‘not just right’ experiences in a sample of individuals seeking cosmetic surgery and aesthetic medicine procedures
Authors: Cerea Silvia , Lovetere Gianmaria , Bottesi Gioia , Sica Claudio , Ghisi Marta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by concerns for perceived defects in physical appearance that appear to others as mild or unobservable. Individuals with BDD frequently refer concerns with their physical appearance being ‘not right’ (not just right experiences; NJREs), and BDD‐related behaviours may be performed until their appearance is perceived as ‘right’. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between BDD and NJREs in cosmetic surgery and aesthetic medicine settings.MethodsIndividuals requesting cosmetic procedures with BDD symptoms (BDD‐symptoms group;n = 24), without BDD symptoms (cosmetic intervention [CI] group;n = 45), and individuals that have never required these procedures (no cosmetic intervention [NCI] group;n = 53) entered the study.ResultsResults showed a greater number of past‐month NJREs, higher NJREs severity, higher drive for thinness, and greater general distress in the BDD‐symptoms group. Pertaining to features associated with NJREs (perfectionism and obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms) and ED core features, the BDD‐symptoms group scored higher only with respect to NCI. Regression analyses showed that BDD symptoms were predicted by age, NJREs severity, and drive for thinness above and beyond general distress, perfectionism, obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms, bulimia, and body dissatisfaction related to weight and shape in the BDD‐Symptoms group (in comparison with the CI and NCI groups).ConclusionsNJREs may represent a potential vulnerability factor for BDD symptoms in cosmetic settings.
Inactivation of Fgf3 and Fgf4 within the Fgf3/Fgf4/Fgf15 gene cluster reveals their redundant requirement for mouse inner ear induction and embryonic survival
Authors: Zelarayan Laura , Vendrell Victor , Domínguez‐Frutos Elena , López‐Hernández Iris , Schimmang‐Alonso Kiril , Alonso María Teresa , Alvarez Yolanda , Maier Hannes , Anderson Matthew J. , Lewandoski Mark , Schimmang Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) are required for survival and organ formation during embryogenesis. Fgfs often execute their functions redundantly. Previous analysis of Fgf3 mutants revealed effects on inner ear formation and embryonic survival with incomplete penetrance.ResultsHere, we show that presence of a neomycin resistance gene (neo) replacing the Fgf3 coding region leads to reduced survival during embryogenesis and an increased penetrance of inner ear defects. Fgf3neo/neo mutants showed reduced expression of Fgf4, which is positioned in close proximity to the Fgf3 locus in the mouse genome. Conditional inactivation of Fgf4 during inner ear development on a Fgf3 null background using Fgf3/4 cis mice revealed a redundant requirement between these Fgfs during otic placode induction. In contrast, inactivation of Fgf3 and Fgf4 in the pharyngeal region where both Fgfs are also co‐expressed using a Foxg1‐Cre driver did not affect development of the pharyngeal arches. However, these mutants showed reduced perinatal survival.ConclusionsThese results highlight the importance of Fgf signaling during development. In particular, different members of the Fgf family act redundantly to guarantee inner ear formation and embryonic survival.
An improved experimental method for simultaneously isolating hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells in mouse liver infected with Echinococcus multilocularis
Authors: Bi Xiaojuan , Yang Ning , Ke Ying , Liu Hui , Ma Wenmei , Fang Bingbing , Sun Li , Li Liang , Lü Guodong , Lin Renyong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis parasitizing in the human liver, causing local pathological changes in the liver and manifesting as hyperplasia, liver fibrosis, atrophy, degeneration, and necrosis. Here, we report a method that can simultaneously isolate hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) from mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis.MethodsA mouse model of AE was established. Hepatocytes and HSCs were isolated from mouse liver using a two‐step method combining in situ collagenase perfusion and gradient centrifugation. Expressions of Alb, Desmin, and α‐SMA were detected with immunofluorescence to identify the isolated hepatocytes and HSCs.ResultsThe viability and purity of hepatocytes and HSCs both reached 90% or above. For hepatocytes, clear cell boundaries were observed, and the nuclei were round or oval, with clear nucleoli. There was a homogeneous distribution of the hepatocyte marker Alb in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Lipid droplets and Desmin expression were observed in the cytoplasm of freshly isolated HSCs. During the activation of HSCs, the lipid droplets gradually decreased and disappeared with a high expression of α‐SMA.ConclusionHepatocytes and HSCs are simultaneously isolated. This may provide a research tool to investigate the interaction between hepatocytes and HSCs and to investigate the mechanism of Echinococcus multilocularis infection‐induced liver pathological changes.
Reversing the surface charge of MSC‐derived small extracellular vesicles by εPL‐PEG‐DSPE for enhanced osteoarthritis treatment
Authors: Feng Kai , Xie Xuetao , Yuan Ji , Gong Liangzhi , Zhu Zhaochen , Zhang Juntao , Li Haiyan , Yang Yunlong , Wang Yang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC‐sEVs) possess a great therapeutical potential for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. However, the steric and electrostatic hindrance of cartilage matrix leads to very limited distribution of MSC‐sEVs in cartilage and low bioavailability of MSC‐sEVs after intra‐articular injection. To overcome this, a strategy to reverse the surface charge of MSC‐sEVs by modifying the MSC‐sEVs with a novel cationic amphiphilic macromolecule namely ε‐polylysine‐polyethylene‐distearyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PPD) was developed in this study. Through incubation with 100 μg/ml PPD, positively charged MSC‐sEVs (PPD‐sEVs) were obtained, and the modification process showed nearly no disturbance to the integrity and contents of sEVs and exhibited good stability under the interference of anionic macromolecules. A more effective cellular uptake and homeostasis modulation ability of PPD‐sEVs than unmodified MSC‐sEVs to chondrocytes was demonstrated. More importantly, PPD‐sEVs demonstrated significantly enhanced cartilage uptake, cartilage penetration, and joint retention capacity as compared to MSC‐sEVs. Intra‐articular injection of PPD‐sEVs into a mouse OA model showed significantly improved bioavailability than MSC‐sEVs, which resulted in enhanced therapeutic efficacy with reduced injection frequency. In general, this study provides a facile and effective strategy to improve the intra‐articular bioavailability of MSC‐sEVs and has a great potential to accelerate the clinical practice of MSC‐sEVs based OA therapy.
Association between peri‐implantitis and cardiovascular diseases: A case‐control study
Authors: Wang I‐Ching , Ou Alice , Johnston Jeffery , Giannobile William V. , Yang Bo , Fenno J. Christopher , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study assesses the association between peri‐implantitis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐eight patients with dental implants were recruited to evaluate the prevalence of peri‐implantitis in patients with or without CVD (CVD group, n = 82, control group, n = 46, respectively). Diagnosis of peri‐implantitis followed the 2017 World Workshop guidelines and the severity was defined as mild, moderate, and severe form when the radiographic bone loss (RBL) was <2, 2 to 4, and >4 mm. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to test the association between two diseases.ResultsA trend of higher prevalence of peri‐implantitis defined by detectable RBL beyond the physiologic bone remodeling was found in the CVD group (64.6%) when compared with the controls (56.5%). A significant higher prevalence (48.8%) of moderate to severe peri‐implantitis was identified in CVD compared with controls(30.4%) with a significant crude association between moderate to severe peri‐implantitis and CVD (odds ratio = 2.18, 95% CI, 1.02 to 4.67; P = 0.04). The CVD group had a trend of higher prevalence of deep pockets (≥7 mm) and higher numbers of sites with bleeding on probing (>66%) when compared with controls (P > 0.05). However, after controlling for multiple confounders including age, hypertension, smoking, family history of heart attack, and periodontitis, the significant association was not found.ConclusionsCVD group had significantly higher prevalence of moderate to severe peri‐implantitis (RBL ≥2 mm). The association between the two diseases did not exist after controlling multiple confounders for CVD. Future studies with a larger sample size controlling for the patient‐ and implant‐related confounders are needed to better understand the link between peri‐implantitis and CVD.
Prozesstechnik: Geregelter Gasfluss
Authors: Khafagy Mohammed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMit individuellen Gasregelsystemen fermentieren die biotechnische und pharmazeutische Industrie reproduzierbar. Massendurchflussregler, die auf mehrere Gase zu kalibrieren sind, lassen sich mit allen Komponenten zu anschlussfertigen Boxen kombinieren.
Wie der Würfel wirkt
Authors: Trauner Florian , Shabaz Muhammad , Didier Dorian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStrukturen, die nicht in der Natur vorkommen, inspirieren Chemiker:innen schon immer. So auch der Würfel, der zur Entwicklung eines besonderen Moleküls führte: des Cubans. Welche Synthesen es für Cuban‐Bausteine und deren Funktionalisierung gibt.