bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectorigenin regulates migration, invasion, and apoptosis in dexamethasone‐induced human airway epithelial cells through up‐regulating miR‐222‐3p
Authors: Qian Xiong , Xiao Qi , Li Zongqi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) can effectively control airway inflammation, but can also cause airway epithelial injury. Tectorigenin, a type of isoflavone isolated from various medicinal plants, has hypolipidemic activity, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate whether Tectorigenin can repair GCs‐induced airway epithelial injury. Airway epithelial cell line (9HTE cells) were treated with dexamethasone (Dex), Tectorigenin, or further transfected, then cell viability, migration, and invasion were examined by Cell Counting Kit (CCK‐8), wound healing, and Transwell assays. The expressions of potential miRNAs related to the effect of Tectorigenin were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Expressions of poptosis‐related proteins Bcl‐2‐associated protein‐X (Bax), B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), Cleaved Caspase‐3, and related to Mitorgen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway serine/threonine kinase (Raf1), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were detected by Western blot. Dex inhibited the cell viability, migration and invasion by promoting Bax and Cleaved Caspase‐3 expressions (p <.001) and by inhibiting the expressions of Bcl‐2 and miR‐222‐3p (p <.001). Then, 10 μmol/L Tectorigenin itself did not affect cell viability but could inhibit the effect of Dex on cell viability, migration, and invasion. Tectorigenin up‐regulated the expressions of miR‐222‐3p, Bcl‐2, p‐Raf1, p‐MEK1/2, and p‐ERK1/2 (p <.01), but down‐regulated the expressions of Bax and Cleaved Caspase‐3 (p <.05) in Dex‐induced cells. MiR‐222‐3p inhibitor reversed the antagonistic effect of Tectorigenin on Dex. The study demonstrates that Tectorigenin inhibits apoptosis of Dex‐induced 9HTE cells by up‐regulating the expression of miR‐222‐3p, which involves with the MAPK pathway.
Eutrophication management in a Great Lakes wetland: examination of the existence of alternative ecological states
Authors: Kim Dong‐Kyun , Yang Cindy , Parsons Christopher T. , Bowman Jennifer , Theÿsmeÿer Tys , Arhonditsis George B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe degradation and loss of ecologically important wetlands has been a topical issue in the Great Lakes region, where 60–80% of the coastal wetlands have been lost since the 1800s. The present modeling study aims to guide the restoration efforts in Cootes Paradise marsh, one of the most degraded shallow wetlands in Southern Ontario. We use a process‐based eutrophication model designed to reproduce the biotic competition among multiple phytoplankton and macrophyte functional groups. Our primary focus is to offer guidelines for wetland restoration by characterizing the ecophysiological processes of the autotrophic assemblage, such as the nutrient uptake from the water column and/or the sediment pore waters, the relative ability to harvest light and fuel photosynthesis, and temperature control of the algal/macrophyte growth and basal metabolism. We predict that the additional reduction of external phosphorus loading in Cootes Paradise could induce an abrupt, non‐linear shift from the current turbid phytoplankton‐dominated state to a desirable clear macrophyte‐dominated state. The emergence of this critical (or tipping) point, where the shift to another ecological state may occur, can be accelerated by the presence of a thriving macrophyte community with an enhanced ability to sequester phosphorus. However, it may also be delayed by the presence of a suite of biogeochemical mechanisms (often referred to as “feedback loops”), such as the remobilization of legacy P due to sediment diagenetic processes, wind resuspension, bioturbation, hydraulic loading from local tributaries, water‐level fluctuations, and the leachable P pool of dead plant material that can be returned into the water column through senescence. Our study identifies the restoration actions required to minimize the likelihood of prolonged hysteresis and to facilitate a shift to a desirable ecological state in the foreseeable future. The areal expansion of aquatic vegetation will not only lead to the establishment of a thriving meadow and emergent vegetation community, but may also pave the way for submerged macrophytes through a suite of synergistic mechanisms. Additional point‐source loading reductions will facilitate the transition to an alternative stable clear macrophyte‐dominated state, but could also consolidate the future resilience of the marsh.
The plasticity of ungulate migration in a changing world
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Barker Kristin , Shawler Avery , Van Scoyoc Amy , Smith Justine A. , Mueller Thomas , Sawyer Hall , Andreozzi Chelsea , Bidder Owen R. , Karandikar Harshad , Mumme Steffen , Templin Elizabeth , Middleton Arthur D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMigratory ungulates are thought to be declining globally because their dependence on large landscapes renders them highly vulnerable to environmental change. Yet recent studies reveal that many ungulate species can adjust their migration propensity in response to changing environmental conditions to potentially improve population persistence. In addition to the question ofwhetherto migrate, decisions ofwhereandwhento migrate appear equally fundamental to individual migration tactics, but these three dimensions of plasticity have rarely been explored together. Here, we expand the concept of migratory plasticity beyond individual switches in migration propensity to also include spatial and temporal adjustments to migration patterns. We develop a novel typological framework that delineates every potential change type within the three dimensions, then use this framework to guide a literature review. We discuss broad patterns in migratory plasticity, potential drivers of migration change, and research gaps in the current understanding of this trait. Our result reveals 127 migration change events in direct response to natural and human‐induced environmental changes across 27 ungulate species. Species that appeared in multiple studies showed multiple types of change, with some exhibiting the full spectrum of migratory plasticity. This result highlights that multidimensional migratory plasticity is pervasive in ungulates, even as the manifestation of plasticity varies case by case. However, studies thus far have rarely been able to determine the fitness outcomes of different types of migration change, likely due to the scarcity of long‐term individual‐based demographic monitoring as well as measurements encompassing a full behavioral continuum and environmental gradient for any given species. Recognizing and documenting the full spectrum of migratory plasticity marks the first step for the field of migration ecology to employ quantitative methods, such as reaction norms, to predict migration change along environmental gradients. Closer monitoring for changes in migratory propensity, routes, and timing may improve the efficacy of conservation strategies and management actions in a rapidly changing world.
Phased array weather radar for heavy precipitation measurements with high resolution
Authors: Ushio Tomoo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new Phased Array Radar (PAR) system for meteorological application has been developed by Toshiba Corporation and Osaka University under a grant of NICT, and installed in Osaka University, Japan in 2012. The PAR system developed has the unique capability of scanning the whole sky with 100 m and 10 to 30‐second resolution up to 60 km. The system adopts the digital beam forming technique for elevation scanning and mechanically rotates the array antenna in azimuth direction within 10 to 30 seconds. The radar transmits a broad beam of several degrees with 24 antenna elements and receives the back scattered signal with 128 elements digitizing at each element. Then, by digitally forming the beam in the signal processor, the fast scanning is realized. After the installation of the PAR, SIP project has started to develop a new PAR with polarimetric capabilities.
Prevalence of low health literacy levels in decompensated heart failure compared with acute myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Perrin Adèle , Abdalla Gergis , Viprey Marie , Delahaye François , Mewton Nathan , Ovize Michel , Sebbag Laurent , Bochaton Thomas , Dima Alexandra L. , Bravant Estelle , Schott Anne‐Marie , Haesebaert Julie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsHealth literacy (HL) is a health determinant in cardiovascular diseases as the active participation of patients is essential for optimizing self‐management of these conditions. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of low HL level in patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and explore low HL determinants.Methods and resultsA prospective cross‐sectional study was performed in three cardiology units. HL level was assessed using Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS) and categorized as low or adequate. Dimensions of HL were assessed with the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Associations with sociodemographic factors, disease history, and comorbidities were explored. A total of 208 patients were included, mean ± SD age was 68.5 ± 14.9 years, and 65.9% were men. Patients with ADHF were significantly older and more often women than AMI patients. Prevalence of low HL was 36% overall, 51% in ADHF patients, and 21% in AMI patients (P < 0.001). After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, patients with lower income (€<10 000 per year, adjusted odds ratio = 10.46 95% confidence interval [2.38; 54.51], P = 0.003) and native language other than French (adjusted odds ratio = 14.36 95% confidence interval [3.76; 66.9], P < 0.002) were more likely to have low HL. ADHF patients presented significantly lower HLQ scores than AMI patients in five out of the nine HLQ dimensions reflecting challenges in access to healthcare.ConclusionsPrevalence of low HL was higher among ADHF patients than among AMI patients. Low HL ADHF patients needed more support when accessing healthcare services, and these would require more adaptation to respond to low HL patients' needs.
Predicting outcome in children with dilated cardiomyopathy: the use of repeated measurements of risk factors for outcome
Authors: van der Meulen Marijke , den Boer Susanna , du Marchie Sarvaas Gideon J. , Blom Nico , ten Harkel Arend D.J. , Breur Hans M.P.J. , Rammeloo Lukas A.J. , Tanke Ronald , Bogers Ad J.J.C. , Helbing Willem A. , Boersma Eric , Dalinghaus Michiel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsWe aimed to determine whether in children with dilated cardiomyopathy repeated measurement of known risk factors for death or heart transplantation (HTx) during disease progression can identify children at the highest risk for adverse outcome.Methods and resultsOf 137 children we included in a prospective cohort, 36 (26%) reached the study endpoint (SE: all‐cause death or HTx), 15 (11%) died at a median of 0.09 years [inter‐quartile range (IQR) 0.03–0.7] after diagnosis, and 21 (15%) underwent HTx at a median of 2.9 years [IQR 0.8–6.1] after diagnosis. Median follow‐up was 2.1 years [IQR 0.8–4.3]. Twenty‐three children recovered at a median of 0.6 years [IQR 0.5–1.4] after diagnosis, and 78 children had ongoing disease at the end of the study. Children who reached the SE could be distinguished from those who did not, based on the temporal evolution of four risk factors: stunting of length growth (−0.42 vs. −0.02 length Z‐score per year, P < 0.001), less decrease in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) (−0.26 vs. −1.06 2log pg/mL/year, P < 0.01), no decrease in left ventricular internal diastolic dimension (LVIDd; 0.24 vs. −0.60 Boston Z‐score per year, P < 0.01), and increase in New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index (NYU PHFI; 0.49 vs. −1.16 per year, P < 0.001). When we compared children who reached the SE with those with ongoing disease (leaving out the children who recovered), we found similar results, although the effects were smaller. In univariate analysis, NT‐proBNP, length Z‐score, LVIDd Z‐score, global longitudinal strain (%), NYU PHFI, and age >6 years at presentation (all P < 0.001) were predictive of adverse outcome. In multivariate analysis, NT‐proBNP appeared the only independent predictor for adverse outcome, a two‐fold higher NT‐proBNP was associated with a 2.8 times higher risk of the SE (hazard ratio 2.78, 95% confidence interval 1.81–3.94, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe evolution over time of NT‐proBNP, LVIDd, length growth, and NYU PHFI identified a subgroup of children with dilated cardiomyopathy at high risk for adverse outcome. In this sample, with a limited number of endpoints, NT‐proBNP was the strongest independent predictor for adverse outcome.
Convergent development of experimental landforms with differing rainfall and substrate properties
Authors: Ouchi Shunji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFour runs of experimental landform development, with the same uplift rate, different rainfall intensity, and the same material of different permeability adjusted by the degree of compaction, showed complicated effects of rainfall and mound‐forming material. In the run with more rainfall on less permeable material, low separated ridges developed in the uplifted area, because abundant overland flow promoted valley erosion and slope processes from early stages. In the run with less rainfall on less permeable material, valley incision proceeded mostly in major valleys where surface water converges. Canyons developed during early stages and later a high massive mountain emerged. The effect of rainfall difference, however, appeared completely opposite on more permeable material accompanied by lower shear strength. In the run with more rainfall on more permeable material, a massive mountain similar to that with less rainfall on less permeable material appeared, and low separated ridges appeared in the run with less rainfall on more permeable material as in the run with more rainfall on less permeable material. In the former case, similar amount of water available for Hortonian overland flow in early stages estimated from rainfall rate and permeability can explain the development of similar landforms. In the latter case, while abundant surface water with more rainfall on less permeable material made fluvial erosion active from early stages, the deficiency in surface water with less rainfall on more permeable material apparently attenuated fluvial erosion but possibly accentuated slope processes and slope failures by seepage water flow through more permeable material of low shear strength. The active erosion from early stages apparently resulted in the development of enduring similar low landforms later in the dynamic equilibrium stage. These experimental results indicate that similar landforms can emerge from different environmental and lithologic controls, and that process does not necessarily follow from form.
Deletion of Alzheimer's disease‐associated CD33 results in an inflammatory human microglia phenotype
Authors: Wißfeld Jannis , Nozaki Ichiro , Mathews Mona , Raschka Tamara , Ebeling Christian , Hornung Veit , Brüstle Oliver , Neumann Harald 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies demonstrated that polymorphisms in the CD33/sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin 3 gene are associated with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). CD33 is expressed on myeloid immune cells and mediates inhibitory signaling through protein tyrosine phosphatases, but the exact function of CD33 in microglia is still unknown. Here, we analyzed CD33 knockout human THP1 macrophages and human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived microglia for immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif pathway activation, cytokine transcription, phagocytosis, and phagocytosis‐associated oxidative burst. Transcriptome analysis of the macrophage lines showed that knockout of CD33 as well as knockdown of the CD33 signaling‐associated protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 6 (PTPN6) led to constitutive activation of inflammation‐related pathways. Moreover, deletion of CD33 or expression of Exon 2‐deleted CD33 (CD33ΔE2/CD33m) led to increased phosphorylation of the kinases spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1 and 2). Transcript analysis by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction confirmed increased levels of interleukin (IL) 1B, IL8, and IL10 after knockout of CD33 in macrophages and microglia. In addition, upregulation of the gene transcripts of the AD‐associated phosphatase INPP5D was observed after knockout of CD33. Functional analysis of macrophages and microglia showed that phagocytosis of aggregated amyloid‐β1‐42 and bacterial particles were increased after knockout of CD33 or CD33ΔE2 expression and knockdown of PTPN6. Furthermore, the phagocytic oxidative burst during uptake of amyloid‐β1‐42 or bacterial particles was increased after CD33 knockout but not in CD33ΔE2‐expressing microglia. In summary, deletion of CD33 or expression of CD33ΔE2 in human macrophages and microglia resulted in putative beneficial phagocytosis of amyloid β1‐42, but potentially detrimental oxidative burst and inflammation, which was absent in CD33ΔE2‐expressing microglia.
Resting cerebral oxygen metabolism exhibits archetypal network features
Authors: Hubbard Nicholas A. , Turner Monroe P. , Sitek Kevin R. , West Kathryn L. , Kaczmarzyk Jakub R. , Himes Lyndahl , Thomas Binu P. , Lu Hanzhang , Rypma Bart 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStandard magnetic resonance imaging approaches offer high‐resolution but indirect measures of neural activity, limiting understanding of the physiological processes associated with imaging findings. Here, we used calibrated functional magnetic resonance imaging during the resting state to recover low‐frequency fluctuations of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). We tested whether functional connections derived from these fluctuations exhibited organization properties similar to those established by previous standard functional and anatomical connectivity studies. Seventeen participants underwent 20 min of resting imaging during dual‐echo, pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling, and blood‐oxygen‐level dependent (BOLD) signal acquisition. Participants also underwent a 10 min normocapnic and hypercapnic procedure. Brain‐wide, CMRO2low‐frequency fluctuations were subjected to graph‐based and voxel‐wise functional connectivity analyses. Results demonstrated that connections derived from resting CMRO2fluctuations exhibited complex, small‐world topological properties (i.e., high integration and segregation, cost efficiency) consistent with those observed in previous studies using functional and anatomical connectivity approaches. Voxel‐wise CMRO2connectivity also exhibited spatial patterns consistent with four targeted resting‐state subnetworks: two association (i.e., frontoparietal and default mode) and two perceptual (i.e., auditory and occipital‐visual). These are the first findings to support the use of calibration‐derived CMRO2low‐frequency fluctuations for detecting brain‐wide organizational properties typical of healthy participants. We discuss interpretations, advantages, and challenges in using calibration‐derived oxygen metabolism signals for examining the intrinsic organization of the human brain.
Regression dynamic causal modeling for resting‐state fMRI
Authors: Frässle Stefan , Harrison Samuel J. , Heinzle Jakob , Clementz Brett A. , Tamminga Carol A. , Sweeney John A. , Gershon Elliot S. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Powers Albert , Stephan Klaas E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract“Resting‐state” functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) is widely used to study brain connectivity. So far, researchers have been restricted to measures of functional connectivity that are computationally efficient but undirected, or to effective connectivity estimates that are directed but limited to small networks. Here, we show that a method recently developed for task‐fMRI—regression dynamic causal modeling (rDCM)—extends to rs‐fMRI and offers both directional estimates and scalability to whole‐brain networks. First, simulations demonstrate that rDCM faithfully recovers parameter values over a wide range of signal‐to‐noise ratios and repetition times. Second, we test construct validity of rDCM in relation to an established model of effective connectivity, spectral DCM. Using rs‐fMRI data from nearly 200 healthy participants, rDCM produces biologically plausible results consistent with estimates by spectral DCM. Importantly, rDCM is computationally highly efficient, reconstructing whole‐brain networks (>200 areas) within minutes on standard hardware. This opens promising new avenues for connectomics.
Surgeon‐performed ultrasound with fine‐needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of parotid gland tumors
Authors: Lanišnik Boštjan , Levart Primož , Čizmarevič Bogdan , Švagan Matija 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound (US) with or without fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are readily available and can offer in office and rapid diagnosis of parotid lumps.MethodsWe analyzed 398 of patients who underwent blind FNAC or US with FNAC performed by an operating head and neck surgeon. Specificity, sensitivity, as well as accuracy were calculated for US alone, FNAC alone, and US–FNAC combined.ResultsNondiagnostic US‐guided FNAC rate was 3.1% and 7.2% for blind FNAC. With those cases removed, final accuracy for US alone in diagnosis of malignancy, pleomorphic adenoma (PA), and Warthin tumor (WT) were 90.8%, 81%, and 77.4% respectively. For US–FNAC accuracy for malignancy, PA, and WT were 92.1%, 94 0.8%, and 95.4% respectively.ConclusionUS with FNAC is cost‐effective and rapid diagnostic tool and may help surgeon to deliver more accurate informed consent to a patient.