bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gewalt in intimen Partnerschaften und psychische Probleme bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Clemens Vera , Köhler-Dauner Franziska , Keller Ferdinand , Ziegenhain Ute , Fegert Jörg M. , Kölch Michael 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die durch die „coronavirus disease 2019“ (COVID-19) ausgelöste Pandemie hat das Leben von Familien in beispielloser Weise verändert. Während des ersten Lockdowns wurden außerfamiliäre Kontakte erheblich reduziert. Viele Eltern mussten parallel ihre Kinder betreuen und von zu Hause aus arbeiten, während der ökonomische Druck zunahm.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, den Zusammenhang von Gewalt in intimen Partnerschaften und psychischen Problemen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen vor und während der COVID-19-Pandemie zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden
Mithilfe einer Online-Querschnittsumfrage wurden die Daten von 687 Eltern minderjähriger Kinder in Deutschland erhoben. Demografische und psychosoziale Prädiktoren für Gewalt in intimen Partnerschaften und Assoziationen mit psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen von Kindern vor, während und nach dem ersten Lockdown aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden analysiert. Die Umfrage fand vom 18.05.2020 bis zum 21.07.2020 statt. Der Lockdown in Deutschland begann am 23.03.2020 und endete über schrittweise Lockerungen – die ersten Schulen öffneten am 22.04.2020 wieder; die Öffnungen von Schulen, Kindergärten und Kitas zog sich bis Ende Juni 2020.

Ergebnisse
Ein geringeres Haushaltseinkommen und das Erleben von eigenen belastenden Kindheitserfahrungen erhöhen das Risiko, dass Studienteilnehmende Gewalt in ihrer Beziehung erfahren haben und darüber berichten. Kinder und Jugendliche, die in Familien leben, in denen Gewalt in intimen Partnerschaften vorkommt, wiesen nach Angaben der teilnehmenden Eltern vor und während der Pandemie häufiger höhere Werte für externalisierende Probleme auf, hinsichtlich emotionaler Probleme zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede.

Diskussion
Belastende Kindheitserlebnisse erhöhen das Risiko für Gewalt in intimen Partnerschaften – und diese wiederum das Risiko für psychische Probleme der eigenen Kinder. Insofern sollte auch in der psychotherapeutischen Praxis systematisch nach entsprechenden Erfahrungen gefragt und entsprechende Behandlungsangebote sollte empfohlen werden.
The Beighton Score as a measure of generalised joint hypermobility
Authors: Malek Sabeeha , Reinhold Emma J. , Pearce Gemma S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Beighton Score (BS) is a set of manoeuvres in a nine-point scoring system, used as the standard method of assessment for Generalised Joint Hypermobility (GJH). It was originally developed as an epidemiological tool used in screening large populations for GJH, but later adopted as a clinical tool for diagnostic purposes. Its ability to truly reflect GJH remains controversial, as joints within the scoring system are predominantly of the upper limb and disregard many of the major joints, preventing a direct identification of GJH. Furthermore, a consistent finding in the literature whereby the BS failed to identify hypermobility in joints outside the scoring system suggests its use as an indirect indicator of GJH is also not viable. As such, the collective findings of this review demonstrate a need for a change in clinical thinking. The BS should not be used as the principle tool to differentiate between localised and generalised hypermobility, nor used alone to exclude the presence of GJH. Greater emphasis should be placed on a clinician’s judgement to identify or exclude GJH, according to its full definition.
Strong Subgraph Connectivity of Digraphs
Authors: Sun Yuefang , Gutin Gregory 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLet $$D=(V,A)$$

D
=
(
V
,
A
)

be a digraph of order n, S a subset of V of size k and $$2\le k\le n$$

2
≤
k
≤
n

. A strong subgraph H of D is called an S-strong subgraph if $$S\subseteq V(H)$$

S
⊆
V
(
H
)

. A pair of S-strong subgraphs $$D_1$$

D
1

and $$D_2$$

D
2

are said to be arc-disjoint if $$A(D_1)\cap A(D_2)=\emptyset$$

A

(

D
1

)

∩
A

(

D
2

)

=
∅

. A pair of arc-disjoint S-strong subgraphs $$D_1$$

D
1

and $$D_2$$

D
2

are said to be internally disjoint if $$V(D_1)\cap V(D_2)=S$$

V

(

D
1

)

∩
V

(

D
2

)

=
S

. Let $$\kappa _S(D)$$

κ
S

(
D
)

(resp. $$\lambda _S(D)$$

λ
S

(
D
)

) be the maximum number of internally disjoint (resp. arc-disjoint) S-strong subgraphs in D. The strong subgraphk-connectivity is defined as $$\begin{aligned} \kappa _k(D)=\min \{\kappa _S(D)\mid S\subseteq V, |S|=k\}. \end{aligned}$$

κ
k

(
D
)

=
min
{

κ
S

(
D
)

∣
S
⊆
V
,
|
S
|
=
k
}
.

As a natural counterpart of the strong subgraph k-connectivity, we introduce the concept of strong subgraphk-arc-connectivity which is defined as $$\begin{aligned} \lambda _k(D)=\min \{\lambda _S(D)\mid S\subseteq V(D), |S|=k\}. \end{aligned}$$

λ
k

(
D
)

=
min
{

λ
S

(
D
)

∣
S
⊆
V

(
D
)

,
|
S
|
=
k
}
.

A digraph $$D=(V, A)$$

D
=
(
V
,
A
)

is called minimally strong subgraph$$(k,\ell )$$

(
k
,
ℓ
)

-(arc-)connected if $$\kappa _k(D)\ge \ell$$

κ
k

(
D
)

≥
ℓ

(resp. $$\lambda _k(D)\ge \ell$$

λ
k

(
D
)

≥
ℓ

) but for any arc $$e\in A$$

e
∈
A

, $$\kappa _k(D-e)\le \ell -1$$

κ
k

(
D
-
e
)

≤
ℓ
-
1

(resp. $$\lambda _k(D-e)\le \ell -1$$

λ
k

(
D
-
e
)

≤
ℓ
-
1

). In this paper, we first give complexity results for $$\lambda _k(D)$$

λ
k

(
D
)

, then obtain some sharp bounds for the parameters $$\kappa _k(D)$$

κ
k

(
D
)

and $$\lambda _k(D)$$

λ
k

(
D
)

. Finally, minimally strong subgraph $$(k,\ell )$$

(
k
,
ℓ
)

-connected digraphs and minimally strong subgraph $$(k,\ell )$$

(
k
,
ℓ
)

-arc-connected digraphs are studied.
Drivers of the decadal variability of the North Ionian Gyre upper layer circulation during 1910–2010: a regional modelling study
Authors: Liu Feifei , Mikolajewicz Uwe , Six Katharina D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA long simulation over the period 1901–2010 with an eddy-permitting ocean circulation model is used to study the variability of the upper layer circulation in the North Ionian Gyre (NIG) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMed). The model is driven by the atmospheric forcing from the twentieth century reanalysis data set ERA-20C, ensuring a consistent performance of the model over the entire simulation period. The main modes of variability known in the EMed, in particular the decadal reversals of the NIG upper layer circulation observed since the late 1980s are well reproduced. We find that the simulated NIG upper layer circulation prior to the observational period is characterized by long-lasting cyclonic phases with weak variability during years 1910–1940 and 1960–1985, while in the in-between period (1940–1960) quasi-decadal NIG circulation reversals occur with similar characteristics to those observed in the recent decades. Our simulation indicates that the NIG upper layer circulation is rather prone to the cyclonic mode with occasional kicks to the anticyclonic mode. The coherent variability of the NIG upper layer circulation mode and of the Adriatic Deep Water (AdDW) outflow implies that atmospheric forcing triggering strong AdDW formation is required to kick the NIG into an anticyclonic circulation 1–2 years later. A sensitivity experiment mimicking a cold winter event over the Adriatic Sea supports this hypothesis. Our simulation shows that it is the multi-decadal variability of the salinity in the Adriatic Sea that leads to periods where low salinity prevents strong AdDW formation events. This explains the absence of quasi-decadal NIG reversals during 1910–1940 and 1960–1985.
Real-life study of the use of anti-VEGF therapy versus dexamethasone implant for treatment of macular edema in retinal vein occlusion
Authors: de Salles Manuel Casselholm , Epstein David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the long-time outcome of patients with branch vein occlusion (BRVO) and central vein occlusion (CRVO) treated with anti-VEGF injections compared to the dexamethasone (DEX) implant.

Methods
This retrospective real-life study included all 492 patients presenting with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) during 2012–2013 at St. Erik Eye Hospital. Maximum follow-up was 5 years.

Results
The mean time of follow-up for patients treated for macular edema was 33.2±17.7 and 34.3±18.1 months in the BRVO and CRVO groups, respectively. At the end of follow-up, the best-corrected visual acuity improved +9.8±20.4 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters in BRVO patients receiving anti-VEGF therapy while patients treated with the DEX implant lost −2.1±23.4 letters (p<0.05). CRVO patients treated with anti-VEGF therapy improved +0.2±27.6 letters while patients receiving a DEX implant lost −9.7±32.6 letters (p=0.11). Overall, in RVO patients treated with anti-VEGF injections, the central retinal thickness decreased to 322±174μm compared to 398±174 μm in patients treated with the DEX implant (p<0.05).

Conclusions
In a clinical setting, a substantial part of patients is still in follow-up a long time after presentation. The visual and anatomical outcomes were better in patients treated with anti-VEGF agents compared to subjects receiving a DEX implant.
Influence of preanalytical variables on performance of delta-like protein 3 (DLL3) predictive immunohistochemistry
Authors: Radonic Teodora , Duin S. , Vos W. , Kortman P. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Thunnissen Erik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDLL3 might become a predictive immunohistochemical marker in small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC). We investigated the influence of pre-analytical handling of samples on the performance of DLL3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) using DLL3 SP347 ready to use assay (Ventana). DLL3 positive cell lines were subjected to different experimental conditions mimicking the pre-analytical variation in daily clinical practice. Formalin fixation of 24 h led to the most optimal results of DLL3 IHC. Longstanding fixation in Cytolyt, methanol-based fixative for cytology samples, but also decalcification using a mix of formic- and hydrochloracid resulted in decreased DLL3 staining. Postponed staining of blanc slides for 3 months also decreased DLL3 IHC. Postponed fixation of the SCLC cell lines did not influence the performance of DLL3 IHC, although this might be different in the tissues than in the cell lines. In conclusion, different pre-analytical variables decrease the performance of DLL3 IHC. These findings are essential for implementing novel predictive immunohistochemical biomarkers in daily pathology practice.
No impact of weather conditions on the outcome of intensive care unit patients
Authors: Bruno Raphael Romano , Wernly Bernhard , Masyuk Maryna , Muessig Johanna M. , Schiffner Rene , Bäz Laura , Schulze Christian , Franz Marcus , Kelm Malte , Jung Christian 
Published: March 2021

SummaryGlobal warming leads to increased exposure of humankind to meteorological variation, including short-term weather changes. Weather conditions involve changes in temperature, heat and cold, in air pressure and in air humidity. Every single condition influences the incidence and mortality of different diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke. This study investigated the impact of weather conditions on short- and long-term mortality of 4321 critically ill patients (66 ± 14 years, 2638 men) admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) over a period of 5 years. Meteorological information (air temperature, air pressure and humidity) for the same period was retrieved. The influence of absolute weather parameters, different seasons, sudden weather changes including “warm” and “cold” spells on ICU and long-term mortality was analyzed. After correction for Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS-2), no impact of meteorological conditions on mortality was found. Different seasons, sudden weather changes, “warm spells” or “cold spells” did not affect the outcome of critically ill patients.
Approximation of continuous random variables for the evaluation of the reliability parameter of complex stress–strength models
Authors: Barbiero Alessandro , Hitaj Asmerilda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn many management science or economic applications, it is common to represent the key uncertain inputs as continuous random variables. However, when analytic techniques fail to provide a closed-form solution to a problem or when one needs to reduce the computational load, it is often necessary to resort to some problem-specific approximation technique or approximate each given continuous probability distribution by a discrete distribution. Many discretization methods have been proposed so far; in this work, we revise the most popular techniques, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, and empirically investigate their performance through a comparative study applied to a well-known engineering problem, formulated as a stress–strength model, with the aim of weighting up their feasibility and accuracy in recovering the value of the reliability parameter, also with reference to the number of discrete points. The results overall reward a recently introduced method as the best performer, which derives the discrete approximation as the numerical solution of a constrained non-linear optimization, preserving the first two moments of the original distribution. This method provides more accurate results than an ad-hoc first-order approximation technique. However, it is the most computationally demanding as well and the computation time can get even larger than that required by Monte Carlo approximation if the number of discrete points exceeds a certain threshold.
Biological control of strawberry crown rot, root rot and grey mould by the beneficial fungus Aureobasidium pullulans
Authors: Iqbal Mudassir , Jamshaid Maha , Zahid Muhammad Awais , Andreasson Erik , Vetukuri Ramesh R. , Stenberg Johan A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUtilization of biocontrol agents is a sustainable approach to reduce plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens. In the present study, we tested the effect of the candidate biocontrol fungus Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) G. Armaud on strawberry under in vitro and in vivo conditions to control crown rot, root rot and grey mould caused by Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert and Cohn) and Botrytis cinerea Pers, respectively. A dual plate confrontation assay showed that mycelial growth of P. cactorum and B. cinerea was reduced by 33–48% when challenged by A. pullulans as compared with control treatments. Likewise, detached leaf and fruit assays showed that A. pullulans significantly reduced necrotic lesion size on leaves and disease severity on fruits caused by P. cactorum and B. cinerea. In addition, greenhouse experiments with whole plants revealed enhanced biocontrol efficacy against root rot and grey mould when treated with A. pullulans either in combination with the pathogen or pre-treated with A. pullulans followed by inoculation of the pathogens. Our results demonstrate that A. pullulans is an effective biocontrol agent to control strawberry diseases caused by fungal pathogens and can be an effective alternative to chemical-based fungicides.
Developmental Changes in the Association Between Cognitive Control and Anxiety
Authors: Filippi Courtney A. , Subar Anni , Ravi Sanjana , Haas Sara , Troller-Renfree Sonya V. , Fox Nathan A. , Leibenluft Ellen , Pine Daniel S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnxiety has been associated with reliance on reactive (stimulus-driven/reflexive) control strategies in response to conflict. However, this conclusion rests primarily on indirect evidence. Few studies utilize tasks that dissociate the use of reactive (‘just in time’) vs. proactive (anticipatory/preparatory) cognitive control strategies in response to conflict, and none examine children diagnosed with anxiety. The current study utilizes the AX-CPT, which dissociates these two types of cognitive control, to examine cognitive control in youth (ages 8–18) with and without an anxiety diagnosis (n = 56). Results illustrate that planful behavior, consistent with using a proactive strategy, varies by both age and anxiety symptoms. Young children (ages 8–12 years) with high anxiety exhibit significantly less planful behavior than similarly-aged children with low anxiety. These findings highlight the importance of considering how maturation influences relations between anxiety and performance on cognitive-control tasks and have implications for understanding the pathophysiology of anxiety in children.
Modelling the productivity of Siberian larch forests from Landsat NDVI time series in fragmented forest stands of the Mongolian forest-steppe
Authors: Erasmi Stefan , Klinge Michael , Dulamsuren Choimaa , Schneider Florian , Hauck Markus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe monitoring of the spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation productivity is important in the context of carbon sequestration by terrestrial ecosystems from the atmosphere. The accessibility of the full archive of medium-resolution earth observation data for multiple decades dramatically improved the potential of remote sensing to support global climate change and terrestrial carbon cycle studies. We investigated a dense time series of multi-sensor Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data at the southern fringe of the boreal forests in the Mongolian forest-steppe with regard to the ability to capture the annual variability in radial stemwood increment and thus forest productivity. Forest productivity was assessed from dendrochronological series of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) from 15 plots in forest patches of different ages and stand sizes. The results revealed a strong correlation between the maximum growing season NDVI of forest sites and tree ring width over an observation period of 20 years. This relationship was independent of the forest stand size and of the landscape’s forest-to-grassland ratio. We conclude from the consistent findings of our case study that the maximum growing season NDVI can be used for retrospective modelling of forest productivity over larger areas. The usefulness of grassland NDVI as a proxy for forest NDVI to monitor forest productivity in semi-arid areas could only partially be confirmed. Spatial and temporal inconsistencies between forest and grassland NDVI are a consequence of different physiological and ecological vegetation properties. Due to coarse spatial resolution of available satellite data, previous studies were not able to account for small-scaled land-cover patches like fragmented forest in the forest-steppe. Landsat satellite-time series were able to separate those effects and thus may contribute to a better understanding of the impact of global climate change on natural ecosystems.
In vitro validation and characterization of pulsed inhaled nitric oxide administration during early inspiration
Authors: Pickerodt Philipp A. , Hofferberth Moritz B. T. , Busch Thilo , Russ Martin , Taher Mahdi , Boemke Willehad , Weber-Carstens Steffen , Köbrich Rainer , Swenson Erik , Deja Maria , Francis Roland C. E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Admixture of nitric oxide (NO) to the gas inspired with mechanical ventilation can be achieved through continuous, timed, or pulsed injection of NO into the inspiratory limb. The dose and timing of NO injection govern the inspired and intrapulmonary effect site concentrations achieved with different administration modes. Here we test the effectiveness and target reliability of a new mode injecting pulsed NO boluses exclusively during early inspiration.

Methods
An in vitro lung model was operated under various ventilator settings. Admixture of NO through injection into the inspiratory limb was timed either (i) selectively during early inspiration (“pulsed delivery”), or as customary, (ii) during inspiratory time or (iii) the entire respiratory cycle. Set NO target concentrations of 5–40 parts per million (ppm) were tested for agreement with the yield NO concentrations measured at various sites in the inspiratory limb, to assess the effectiveness of these NO administration modes.

Results
Pulsed delivery produced inspiratory NO concentrations comparable with those of customary modes of NO administration. At low (450 ml) and ultra-low (230 ml) tidal volumes, pulsed delivery yielded better agreement of the set target (up to 40 ppm) and inspiratory NO concentrations as compared to customary modes. Pulsed delivery with NO injection close to the artificial lung yielded higher intrapulmonary NO concentrations than with NO injection close to the ventilator. The maximum inspiratory NO concentration observed in the trachea (68 ± 30 ppm) occurred with pulsed delivery at a set target of 40 ppm.

Conclusion
Pulsed early inspiratory phase NO injection is as effective as continuous or non-selective admixture of NO to inspired gas and may confer improved target reliability, especially at low, lung protective tidal volumes.
Le génocide des nazis dans les témoignages des interprètes et traducteurs au procès de Nuremberg
Authors: Nowak-Korcz Paulina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Nuremberg Trial is of paramount importance, first of all, in historic and legal terms, as it laid the foundations for an international justice system that had no precedent in history, but also in linguistic terms, as it marks the very beginning of simultaneous interpretation and the modern profession of interpreting. By analysing the testimonies of those exceptional interpreters who were ensuring the communication in four languages before the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, we will highlight the linguistic and technical challenges they were facing as well as the deeply personal struggles they had to overcome, in particular on a psychological and ethical level, while taking part in a worldwide historic event. The aim of this article is to deepen the current state of research on simultaneous interpretation, but above all to pay tribute to these remarkable interpreters and translators who made history with their pioneering work and their legendary accomplishments in Nuremberg.
Response of nitrogen fractions in the rhizosphere and bulk soil to organic mulching in an urban forest plantation
Authors: Sun Xiaodan , Wang Gang , Ye Yuqian , Ma Qingxu , Guan Qingwei , Jones Davey L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNitrogen is an essential component in forest ecosystem nutrient cycling. Nitrogen fractions, such as dissolved nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, and microbial biomass nitrogen, are sensitive indicators of soil nitrogen pools which affect soil fertility and nutrient cycling. However, the responses of nitrogen fractions in forest soils to organic mulching are less well understood. The rhizosphere is an important micro-region that must be considered to better understand element cycling between plants and the soil. A field investigation was carried out on the effect of mulching soil in a 15-year-old Ligustrum lucidum urban plantation. Changes in total nitrogen and nitrogen fractions in rhizosphere and bulk soil in the topsoil (upper 20 cm) and in the subsoil (20–40 cm) were evaluated following different levels of mulching, in addition to nitrogen contents in fine roots, leaves, and organic mulch. The relationships between nitrogen fractions and other measured variables were analysed. Organic mulching had no significant effect on most nitrogen fractions except for the rhizosphere microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and the thinnest (5 cm) mulching layer showed greater effects than other treatments. Rhizosphere MBN was more sensitive to mulching compared to bulk soil, and was more affected by soil environmental changes. Season and soil depth had more pronounced effects on nitrogen fractions than mulching. Total nitrogen and dissolved nitrogen were correlated to soil phosphorus, whereas other nitrogen fractions were strongly affected by soil physical properties (temperature, water content, bulk density). Mulching also decreased leaf nitrogen content, which was more related to soil nitrogen fractions (except for MBN) than nitrogen contents in either fine roots or organic mulch. Frequent applications of small quantities of organic mulch contribute to nitrogen transformation and utilization in urban forests.