bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptofauna associated with rhodoliths: Diversity is species‐specific and influenced by habitat
Authors: Méndez Trejo María del Carmen , Neill Kate F. , Twist Brenton A. , Nelson Wendy A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRhodoliths are recognised as providing critical ecosystem services in nearshore systems through habitat provision. We tested the influence of rhodolith hosts and habitat on the diversity and composition of sessile and motile invertebrates found associated with two species of rhodolith. Investigations of cryptofauna were undertaken at three beds within the Bay of Islands, northern New Zealand. Lithothamnion crispatum, which was smaller in overall size, and had less free space and a smaller internal volume than Sporolithon sp., provided habitat for more species of distinct life forms, both motile and sessile species, than Sporolithon sp. Although there were few differences in the dimensions of L. crispatum found in the beds, there was significantly more free space available in Sporolithon sp. rhodoliths found in one of two beds where it occurred, and the associated cryptofaunal richness of both sessile and motile species was significantly higher in this population. This study revealed species‐specific differences in the rhodolith‐associated cryptofauna and a significant impact of rhodolith habitat on growth form and cryptofaunal assemblages at the sites investigated in one of the host species (Sporolithon sp.). Understanding interactions between species and habitats provided by rhodoliths is critical to understanding the nature of ecosystem services provided in these biogenic habitats.
Depth distribution of canopy‐forming algae of the order Fucales is related to their photosynthetic features
Authors: Sant Natàlia , Ballesteros Enric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotosynthetic features and dark respiration of different species of dominant canopy‐forming algae of the Order Fucales (Phaeophyceae) consistently change with depth. Photosynthetic efficiency (α) and light at compensation (Ic) change according to the amount of light available at each depth, α increasing and Ic decreasing with depth. However, the values of light at saturation (Ik) do not show any depth pattern. Deep‐water species show higher photosynthesis at saturation (Pmax) and lower dark respiration (Rd) than shallow water ones. This result contrasts with the expected reduction of Pmax in low light environments shown by terrestrial plants but is consistent with other studies performed in macroalgae, suggesting that Pmax and α show the same trend of variation in the marine environment. The positive correlation between Pmax and α cannot be explained by differences in thickness as all tested species show an extremely high morphological similarity. The increase in Pmax with depth is also coupled to an increase of N and P content in branches, which points to nutrient‐limited photosynthesis in shallow water species.
The lunar Dhofar 1436 meteorite: 40Ar‐39Ar chronology and volatiles, revealed by stepwise combustion and crushing methods
Authors: Korochantseva Ekaterina V. , Buikin Alexei I. , Hopp Jens , Verchovsky Alexander B. , Korochantsev Alexander V. , Anand Mahesh , Trieloff Mario 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe lunar meteorite Dhofar 1436 is dominated by solar wind type noble gases. Solar argon is equilibrated with “parentless” 40Ar commonly known as lunar orphan argon. Ar‐Ar isochron analyses determined the lunar trapped 40Ar/36Ar ratio to 2.51 ± 0.04, yielding a corrected plateau age of 4.1 ± 0.1 Ga, consistent with the lunar Late Heavy Bombardment period. Lunar trapped and radiogenic argon components are all released at high temperatures (1200–1400 °C). Surprisingly, solar noble gases and lunar trapped argon can largely be released by crushing. Initial crushing steps mainly release elementally fractionated solar wind gases, while in advanced crushing steps, cosmogenic components dominate. Cosmogenic noble gases indicate irradiation at the lunar surface; they are less fractionated than solar wind species. We favor a scenario in which both solar and a large fraction of cosmogenic gases were acquired before the 4.1 Ga event, which caused shock metamorphism and formation of the regolith breccia. Sintering and agglutination along grain boundaries resulted in mobilization of solar wind, reimplanted, radiogenic, and cosmogenic noble gases, and resulted in their partial homogenization, fractionation, and retrapping in voids and/or defects accessible by crushing. An alternative scenario would be complete reset of the K‐Ar system 4.1 Ga ago accompanied by loss of all previously accumulated solar and cosmogenic noble gases. Later, the precursor of Dhofar 1436 became lunar regolith and accumulated solar and cosmogenic noble gases and reimplanted 40Ar before its final formation of the polymict impact breccia. The C abundance of the step‐combusted Dhofar 1436 is 555.3 ppm, with δ13C of −28‰ to +11‰. Nitrogen contents released by crushing and combustion are 3.2 ppm and 20.8 ppm, respectively. The lightest nitrogen composition (δ15N = −79‰) is likely due to release from voids of shock metamorphic phases and is rather a result of the mobilization of nitrogen components that accumulated prior to the 4.1 Ga event.
Small kernel 501 (smk501) encodes the RUBylation activating enzyme E1 subunit ECR1 (E1 C‐TERMINAL RELATED 1) and is essential for multiple aspects of cellular events during kernel development in maize
Authors: Chen Quanquan , Zhang Jie , Wang Jie , Xie Yuxin , Cui Yu , Du Xuemei , Li Li , Fu Junjie , Liu Yunjun , Wang Jianhua , Wang Guoying , Gu Riliang 
Published: March 2021

Summary

RUBylation plays essential roles in plant growth and development through regulating Cullin‐RING ubiquitin E3 ligase (CRL) activities and the CRL‐mediated protein degradations. However, the function of RUBylation in regulating kernel development remains unclear.

Through genetic and molecular analyses of a small kernel 501 (smk501) mutant in maize (Zea mays), we cloned the smk501 gene, revealed its molecular function, and defined its roles in RUBylation pathway and seed development.

Smk501 encodes a RUBylation activating enzyme E1 subunit ZmECR1 (E1 C‐TERMINAL RELATED 1) protein. Destruction in RUBylation by smk501 mutation resulted in less embryo and endosperm cell number and smaller kernel size. The transcriptome and proteome profiling, hormone evaluation and cell proliferation observation revealed that disturbing ZmECR1 expression mainly affects pathways on hormone signal transduction, cell cycle progression and starch accumulation during kernel development. In addition, mutant in zmaxr1 (Auxin resistant 1), another RUB E1 subunit, also showed similar defects in kernel development. Double mutation of zmecr1 and zmaxr1 lead to empty pericarp kernel phenotype.

RUBylation is a novel regulatory pathway affecting maize kernel development, majorly through its functions in modifying multiple cellular progresses.
Non‐coding RNA Identification in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Using Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Analysis
Authors: Han Ning , Li Zengchun 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory network of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).MethodsThe gene expression profile GSE74089 of ONFH and microRNA (miRNA) expression profile of GSE89587 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GSE74089 contained four ONFH samples and four controls. The GSE89587 included 10 ONFH samples and 10 control samples. The differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE‐lncRNAs) and DE‐mRNAs between ONFH group and control group were identified from GSE74089 using the limma package based on criteria of adjusted P value <0.05 and |log fold change (FC)| ≥2. The DEmiRNAs between ONFH group and control group were screened from GSE89587 on the basis of adjusted P value <0.05. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway for DE‐mRNAs were analyzed using DAVID 6.7 and GSEA 3.0, respectively. Coexpressed lncRNA‐mRNA pairs were identified by corr.test method in R based on the criteria of adjusted P value <0.01 and |r| ≥ 0.9. A ceRNA network was constructed and visualized using cytoscape 3.7.0 by integrating the DE‐lncRNA, DE‐miRNA, and DEmRNA data. The key mRNAs and lncRNAs in the ceRNA network were further validated in an independent dataset of GSE123568.ResultsBased on our analysis, a total of 28 DE‐lncRNAs, 1403 DE‐mRNAs, and 134 DE‐miRNAs were identified, respectively. The DE‐mRNAs were significantly enriched in the function of “skeletal system development,” “collagen fibril organization,” “blood vessel development,” and “regulation of nervous system development.” Besides, 72 KEGG pathways, including eight active pathways and 64 suppressed pathways were identified, including which immune pathway was the most significantly activated one and which ribosome‐related function was the most suppressed. A co‐expression network including 161 DE‐mRNAs and 16 DE‐lncRNAs was built. Highly connected nodes were identified among lncRNAs such as H19, C20orf203, LINC00355, SFTA3, CRNDE, CASC2, LINC00494, C9orf163, C10orf91, and LINC00301. The ceRNA network indicated that lncRNA H19 functioned as a ceRNA of hsa‐miR‐519b‐3p and hsa‐miR‐296‐5p in ANKH and ECHDC1 regulation; lncRNA C9orf163 functioned as a ceRNA of hsa‐miR‐424‐5p in CCNT1 regulation. The expression trends of ANKH, CCNT1, and C9orf163 were successfully validated in independent dataset of GSE123568.ConclusionThe ceRNAs of lncRNA H19‐ hsa‐miR‐519b‐3p/hsa‐miR‐296‐5p‐ANKH and lncRNA c9orf163‐ hsa‐miR‐424‐5p‐CCNT1 might play important roles in ONFH development. Our research provided an understanding of the important role of lncRNA–related ceRNAs in ONFH.
Primary school classmate characteristics and school nursing predicting graduation from high school
Authors: McKinley Yoder Claire , Cantrell Mary Ann , Hinkle Janice L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo examine how primary school context variables, such as total students in the school, students with disability, and aspects of school nurse workload, predict later educational outcomes of high school attendance, being on‐track to graduate, and graduation.MethodsThis secondary analysis of 3,782 student records from 2008 to 2018 was conducted using United States public‐school district data.ResultsClassmate attendance in fifth‐grade predicted being on‐track to graduate (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.42 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27, 1.60]) and graduation (AOR = 1.14 [95% CI = 1.03, 1.26]). School nurse workload aspects affected being on‐track to graduate: (low‐income students per school nurse [AOR = 0.77 [95% CI = 0.70, 0.85]; total students per school nurse [AOR = 1.3 [1.18, 1.44]) and graduation (low‐income students per school nurse [AOR = 0.82 [95% CI = 0.75, 0.90]; total students per school nurse [AOR = 1.4 [1.26, 1.57]).ConclusionCharacteristics of the school population such as classmate attendance and students with limited resources per school nurse are areas for future interventions as they affect student educational outcomes and lifelong health.
Incidence of major pome fruit tree viruses and viroids in commercial pear orchards in China and in Pyrus betulifolia seedlings
Authors: Ma Lei , Zeng Qi , Huang Wenting , Wang Shengyuan , Zhang Yi , Cheng Yuqin , Zhang Qiulei , Wang Shengnan , Hao Li , Xu Chaoran , Yu Yunfei , Wang Baoan , Li Tianzhong , Jiang Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing reverse transcription (RT) PCR and quantitative RT‐PCR, we showed the presence of apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), and apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) in all tested parts of pear plants from China. Relative RNA accumulation of ASGV, ASPV, and ASSVd in the annual branch phloem of different pear cultivars displayed different seasonal variations, but all showed relatively high RNA accumulation in October. Based on these results, 821 samples (annual branches) in October 2018 and 2019 were collected from major pear‐growing areas to evaluate the phytosanitary status of pear orchards in China by RT‐PCR‐based testing and sequencing. ASGV was found in 91.2% of the samples, followed by ASPV (74.8%) and ASSVd (46.9%); in contrast, ACLSV, pear blister canker viroid, and apple mosaic virus were rarely detected, if at all. About 79.5% of the samples showed mixed infections, the most common being of ASGV+ASPV+ASSVd. Two batches of Pyrus betulifolia seedlings were tested for the presence of the above viruses and viroids; one batch displayed 97.9% infection rate of ASSVd, including 14.1% of seedlings coinfected with ASGV; the other batch showed 0.9%, 1.3%, and 0.9% infection rates with ASGV, ASPV, and ACLSV, respectively. This is the first extensive report on the incidence of major pome fruit tree viruses and viroids in pear orchards in China, and also provides information on the occurrence of viruses and viroids in pear rootstock seedlings.
Salivary pH and oral health of Brazilian para‐athletes: Saliva and oral health of para‐athletes
Authors: Brancher João Armando , Morodome Fernanda , Madalena Isabela Ribeiro , Reis Caio Luiz Bittecourt , Von Held Rodrigo , Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves , Winckler Ciro , Salgueirosa Fabiano , Neto Zair Candido Oliveira , Storrer Carmen Lucia Muller , Küchler Erika Calvano , Antunes Leonardo Santos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate the association of the salivary pH and parameters of oral health in Brazilian para‐athletes.Methods and resultsThe sample was composed of 271 Brazilian para‐athletes (147 athletics, 61 powerlifting, and 63 swimming); mean age was 31.2 ± 11.7 years. Data collected during anamnesis, clinical examination, and saliva collection revealed that salivary pH was different among sports (p = .01) and tends to decrease as age and body mass index (BMI) increase (p = .026, .027, respectively). The mean decay missing filled teeth was 8.8 (±0.57), but there is no correlation with salivary pH (R2 = −0.0852; CI 95%, −0.215–0.047; p = .194) as habits of grinding, clenching teeth, or bruxism was not associated with salivary pH (p = .317, .932, and .444, respectively). Regarding breathing, para‐athletes that have buccal breathing had significantly higher salivary pH (p = .04). This data were confirmed by multiple logistic regression (p = .05). Open bite, lip seal, geographic or fissured tongue also were not associated with variation of salivary pH (p > .05).ConclusionsThis study provided evidence of an association between salivary pH with age, BMI, type of breathing, and type of sport practiced by the para‐athletes
Does Legislative Institutionalization Impact Policy Adoption? New Evidence from the Colonial and Early State Legislatures 1757–1795
Authors: Dorssom Elizabeth I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective. Using an original data set, I explore the impact of institutionalization on policy adoption using a case study of the use of sunset provisions across the 13 colonies and states from 1757 to 1795. This time frame allows for a thorough investigation of sunset provision use during the period in which the colonial legislatures were undergoing the institutionalization process, and had yet to develop standing committee systems. Methods. I employ a fractional logit regression to examine the effect of legislative institutionalization on the rate of sunset provision use. Results. As the colonial legislatures institutionalized, sunset provisions were less frequently used. Conclusion. Through exploring sunset provision use prior to partisanship and standing committee development, this study extends our understanding of the impact of institutionalization on policy adoption.
Practical Considerations for Use of Causation Entropy in Sparsity Identification
Authors: Elinger Jared , Rogers Jonathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe selection of model structure is an important step in system identification for nonlinear systems in cases where the model form is not known a priori. This process, sometimes called covariate selection or sparsity identification, involves the selection of terms in the dynamic model and is performed prior to parameter estimation. Previous work has shown the applicability of an information theory quantity known as causation entropy in performing sparsity identification. While prior work established the overall feasibility of using causation entropy to eliminate extraneous terms in a model, key questions remained regarding practical implementation. This paper builds on previous work to explore key practical considerations of causation entropy sparsity identification. First, the effect of data size is explored through both analysis and simulation, and general guidance is provided on how much data is necessary to produce accurate causation entropy estimates. Second, the effects of measurement noise and model discretization error are investigated, showing that both cause degradation of the causation entropy estimation accuracy but in opposite ways. These practical effects and trends are illustrated on several example nonlinear systems. Overall, results show that the causation entropy approach is a practical technique for sparsity identification particularly in light of the guidelines presented here for data size selection and handling of error sources.
Static Response Analysis of a Dual Crane System Using Fuzzy Parameters
Authors: Zhou Bin , Zi Bin , Zhu Weidong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Static response analysis of a dual crane system (DCS) is conducted using fuzzy parameters. The fuzzy static equilibrium equation is established and two fuzzy perturbation methods, including the compound function/fuzzy perturbation method (CFFPM) and modified compound function/fuzzy perturbation method (MCFFPM), are presented. The CFFPM uses the level-cut technique to transform the fuzzy static equilibrium equation into several interval equations with different cut levels. The interval Jacobian matrix, the first and second interval virtual work vectors, and the inverse of interval Jacobian matrix are approximated by the first-order Taylor series and Neumann series. The fuzzy static response field for every cut level is obtained by a synthesis of the compound function technique, the interval perturbation method, and the fuzzy algorithm. In the MCFFPM, the fuzzy static response field for every cut level is derived based on the surface rail generation method, the modified Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury (SMW) formula, and the fuzzy theory. Compared with the Monte Carlo method (MCM), numerical examples demonstrate that the MCFFPM has a better accuracy than the CFFPM and both of them bring a higher efficiency than the MCM, especially when it comes to effects of fuzzy parameters on uncertainty quantification (UQ) of the static response of the DCS.
Effect of 8 Weeks of Incremental Aerobic Training on Inflammatory Mediators, Cardiorespiratory Indices, and Functional Capacity in Obese Children With Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Elnaggar Ragab K. , Shendy Mohammed A. , Elfakharany Mahmoud S. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To appraise the effects of incremental aerobic training (IAT) on systemic inflammatory mediators, cardiorespiratory indices, and functional capacity in obese children with bronchial asthma. Methods: This study included 30 children with asthma (age = 8–16 y) allocated randomly into either the control group (n = 15; received the traditional pulmonary rehabilitation program) or IAT group (n = 15; engaged in 8 weeks of IAT in addition to the traditional pulmonary rehabilitation program). The systemic inflammatory mediators (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), cardiorespiratory indices (peak oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, maximum heart rate, heart rate recovery at 1 min after exercises, and oxygen pulse), and functional capacity (represented by 6-min walk test) were analyzed pretreatment and posttreatment. Results: A significant reduction in the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 and increase in peak oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, maximum heart rate, and heart rate recovery at 1 minute after exercises was observed among the IAT group as compared with the control group. In addition, the IAT group covered a longer distance in the 6-minute walk test than the control group, suggesting favorable functional capacity. Conclusion: The study results imply that IAT has the potential to improve the inflammatory profile, cardiorespiratory fitness, and functional capacity of obese children with bronchial asthma.
Polymorphisms of the cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B genotype in patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome
Authors: Zhai Ruyi , Wang Zhujian , Sheng Qilian , Fan Xintong , Kong Xiangmei , Sun Xinghuai 
Published: March 2021

AimsThe aim of this observational study was to report the distribution of glycoprotein B (gB) genotypes in the eyes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) positive patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS), and to investigate their clinical characteristics and outcomes.MethodsWe collected aqueous humour samples from 165 patients clinically diagnosed with PSS between 2017 and 2019. PCR was performed to analyse the CMV DNA and identify the gB genotypes in the samples. Clinical characteristics and responses to antiviral treatment were compared among patients with different gB genotypes.ResultsCMV DNA was detected in 94 (56.97%) of the 165 aqueous humour specimens analysed. Owing to the quantity requirement for CMV gB genotype analysis, results could be obtained from only 14 specimens. CMV gB type 1 was detected in 11 samples (78.6%), whereas CMV gB type 3 was detected in three samples (21.4%). No other gB genotypes or mixed genotypes were detected. Overall, 9.1% (1/11) of the patients in the gB type 1 group and 66.7% (2/3) of the patients in the gB type 3 group had bilateral attacks (p=0.093). The concentration of anti-CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the type 1 group was 0.94±0.79 s/co (ratio of aqueous humour CMV IgG/serum CMV IgG to aqueous humour albumin concentration/serum albumin concentration), whereas that in the type 3 group was 0.67±0.71 s/co.ConclusionGenotype 1 was the most prevalent genotype in the aqueous humour of CMV-infected patients with PSS. Bilateral attack was predominant among patients with gB genotype 3. CMV gB gene may be related to the pathogenicity of CMV virus strain in patients with PSS.