bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The environment and politics in science education: the case of teaching fracking
Authors: Dunlop Lynda , Atkinson Lucy , Turkenburg-van Diepen Maria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHydraulic fracturing (‘fracking’), like other complex social and environmental issues, is a controversy about science which raises educational questions about how best to prepare young people to understand, respond to and, where necessary, act (or not) in response. It raises political questions. We present a state-of-the-art review of research literature on fracking and education using systematic strategies, with a view to finding out how it is framed in educational situations and how politics enters the science classroom. This serves as an illustrative case of how contested scientific and technological interventions with implications for the environment and society are treated in school science. The review is supplemented by interviews with 10 teachers of science and engineering working in schools or colleges near sites of operational exploratory fracking. We find that the research literature on teaching hydraulic fracturing is sparse, with only 25 studies relating to teaching and learning about fracking. Few studies (n = 7) relate to high school education. Where it features in science education, fracking is used as a context for interdisciplinarity and critical thinking, and lends itself to approaches using discussion, dialogue and modelling. Outcomes from fracking education range include knowledge gains and critical thinking. Teachers interviewed tended not to see a place for fracking in the curriculum or in the classroom and were averse to including politics in upper high school science education. Our analysis suggests depoliticization through absence of this specific complex environmental issue from the public (education) sphere, reinforced by the desire for ‘balance’ in high school science education and instrumental approaches to science education which prioritize assessed learning outcomes. Dealing with complex social and environmental issues such as hydraulic fracturing in the years of compulsory science schooling is necessary because scientific knowledge is necessary but not sufficient to prepare young people for the critical scientific literacy required to meet sustainable development goals. There is a need to assess and respond to the educational needs of local communities affected by industrial interventions such as fracking. These findings are likely to be relatable to other issues where there are local and global consequences of action or inaction and where the environment and health are pitted against economic and energy demands.
Patient-specific plate for navigation and fixation of the distal radius: a case series
Authors: Dobbe Johannes G. G. , Peymani Abbas , Roos Hendrika A. L. , Beerens Maikel , Streekstra Geert J. , Strackee Simon D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Corrective osteotomy of a malunited distal radius conventionally relies on 2D imaging techniques for alignment planning and evaluation. However, this approach results in suboptimal bone repositioning, which is associated with poor patient outcomes. In this case series, we evaluate the use of novel patient-specific plates (PSPs), which feature navigation and fixation of bone segments as preoperatively planned in 3D.

Methods
Ten participants with distal radius malunion underwent CT scans for preoperative alignment planning. Patient-specific guides and plates were designed, 3D-printed, and sterilized for use in corrective surgery of the distal radius. Pre- and postoperative results were compared in regard to clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes.

Results
The application of a PSP was successful in 7 of the 10 cases. After treatment, the residual alignment error was reduced by approximately 50% compared with conventional treatment. The use of PSPs reduced pain significantly. Pre- and postoperative results were pooled and demonstrated significant correlations between: (1) pain and malpositioning, (2) the range of pro- and supination motion, the MHOQ score, the EQ-5D-5L score and dorsovolar angulation, and (3) MHOQ score and proximodistal translation.

Conclusion
The correlation between malalignment and MHOQ score, EQ-5D-5L score, pain, and range of motion shows that alignment should be restored as well as possible. Compared to the conventional approach, which relies on 2D imaging techniques, corrective osteotomy based on 3D preoperative planning and intraoperative fixation with a PSP has been shown to improve bone alignment and reduce pain.

Level of evidence
IV.
Chancen und Herausforderungen eines digitalen betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements
Authors: Winter Raphaela , Riedl René 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement (BGM) umfasst die Lenkung und Entwicklung betrieblicher Strukturen und Abläufe, um die Arbeit gesundheitsförderlich zu gestalten. Im Zuge der Verbreitung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien wurden in den letzten Jahren vermehrt digitale Tools entwickelt, um die analogen Maßnahmen des BGM zu unterstützen.

Ziel
Zum Einsatz solcher BGM-Tools gibt es bislang noch kaum wissenschaftliche Forschung sowie Erfahrungsberichte. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, die Chancen und Herausforderungen beim Einsatz eines digitalen BGM-Tools aus Unternehmenssicht zu identifizieren.

Material und Methode
Es wurde ein Review durchgeführt, um den Stand der Forschung auf der Basis von Fachliteratur transparent zusammenzufassen. Zudem wurden Experteninterviews durchgeführt, die inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet wurden. Die Interviews dienten der Validierung der aus dem Review gewonnenen konzeptionell-theoretischen Erkenntnisse.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die durch den Review identifizierten Chancen und Herausforderungen wurden großteils auch von den Expert*innen genannt und somit bestätigt. Das Ansprechen einer breiteren Zielgruppe sowie Zeit- und Kostenersparnisse sind Chancen beim Einsatz von BGM-Tools. Zu den Herausforderungen zählt der Datenschutz sowie die Tatsache, dass die Tools analoge Maßnahmen unterstützen, nicht aber ersetzen können – dies erfordert eine abgestimmte Einsatzstrategie. Auch das Fehlen von standardisierten Kriterien und Gütesiegel ist herausfordernd.
GPR imaging of traffic compaction effects on soil structures
Authors: Akinsunmade Akinniyi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpatial and depth variability of soil characteristics greatly influence its optimum utilization and management. Concealing nature of soil subsurface horizons has made the traditional soil investigations which rely on point information less reliable. In this study, an alternative use of ground penetrating radar (GPR)—a near-surface geophysical survey method—was tested to address the shortcomings. The focus of the study was on assessment of characteristics variability of soil layers at a test site and evaluation of effects of compaction caused by machinery traffics on soil. GPR methods utilize electromagnetic energy in the frequency range of 10 MHz and 3.0 GHz. Fourteen profiles GPR data were acquired at the test site-a farmland in Krakow, Poland. Compaction on parts of the soil was induced using tractor movements (simulating traffic effects) at different passes. Data were processed using basic filtering algorithms and attributes computations executed in Reflexw software. Attempt made in the study was on use of GPR geophysical technique for soil assessment. The method allows delineation of the soil horizons which depicts characteristic depth changes and spatial variability within the horizons. Moreover, traffic effects that caused compaction on parts of the soil horizons were discernable from the GPR profile sections. Thus, similar densification like hardpan that may develop in natural setting can be investigated using the method. The results have shown the suitability of the method for quick, noninvasive and continuous soil investigation that may also allow assessment of temporal soil changes via repeated measurement.
Effectiveness of a game-based class for interdisciplinary energy systems education in engineering courses
Authors: Suzuki Kengo , Shibuya Takeshi , Kanagawa Tetsuya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProfessionals in the energy sector are required to understand the interactions among technology, society, and the environment to tackle complex trade-offs among policy issues. The fostering of such professionals with interdisciplinary perspectives has been recognized as a significant target for engineering education in universities. Several studies have shown that game-based learning is suitable for teaching interdisciplinary aspects of sustainability-related issues; however, only a few studies have quantitatively evaluated the percentage of participants that learn something relevant to the predetermined learning targets. This study quantitatively evaluates the effectiveness of a game-based class designed to teach energy policy issues in an engineering course. This game-based class aims to develop a perspective for overcoming the complex trade-offs among policy issues and for developing the abilities and attitudes necessary to build society-wide consensus. Content analysis was adopted as a research method; the contents of free-form reflection reports submitted by 128 students were categorized into 6 topics through careful reading and in-depth discussions, and the proportion of students who mentioned topics relevant to the learning targets was calculated. The results show that 83% of the students learned something relevant to the learning targets, and 37% of them made proposals to overcome the trade-offs among policy issues and conflicts among stakeholders. Further, some students actively deepened their understanding through voluntary surveys, presentations of other students, and by comparing the game and reality. These results suggest that game-based learning is an effective method for interdisciplinary education regarding energy policy issues.
Experiences of a “COVID protected” robotic surgical centre for colorectal and urological cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Huddy Jeremy R. , Crockett Matthew , Nizar A Shiyam , Smith Ralph , Malki Manar , Barber Neil , Tilney Henry S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe recent COVID-19 pandemic led to the cancellation of elective surgery across the United Kingdom. Re-establishing elective surgery in a manner that ensures patient and staff safety has been a priority. We report our experience and patient outcomes from setting up a “COVID protected” robotic unit for colorectal and renal surgery that housed both the da Vinci Si (Intuitive, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and the Versius (CMR Surgical, Cambridge, UK) robotic systems. “COVID protected” robotic surgery was undertaken in a day-surgical unit attached to the main hospital. A standard operating procedure was developed in collaboration with the trust COVID-19 leadership team and adapted to national recommendations. 60 patients underwent elective robotic surgery in the initial 10-weeks of the study. This included 10 colorectal procedures and 50 urology procedures. Median length of stay was 4 days for rectal cancer procedures, 2 days less than prior to the COVID period, and 1 day for renal procedures. There were no instances of in-patient coronavirus transmission. Six rectal cancer patients waited more than 62 days for their surgery because of the initial COVID peak but none had an increase T-stage between pre-operative staging and post-operative histology. Robotic surgery can be undertaken in “COVID protected” units within acute hospitals in a safe way that mitigates the increased risk of undergoing major surgery in the current pandemic. Some benefits were seen such as reduced length of stay for colorectal patients that may be associated with having a dedicated unit for elective robotic surgical services.
Recovery of free volume in PIM-1 membranes through alcohol vapor treatment
Authors: Almansour Faiz , Alberto Monica , Bhavsar Rupesh S. , Fan Xiaolei , Budd Peter M. , Gorgojo Patricia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhysical aging is currently a major obstacle for the commercialization of PIM-1 membranes for gas separation applications. A well-known approach to reversing physical aging effects of PIM-1 membranes at laboratory scale is soaking them in lower alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol. However, this procedure does not seem applicable at industrial level, and other strategies must be investigated. In this work, a regeneration method with alcohol vapors (ethanol or methanol) was developed to recover permeability of aged PIM-1 membranes, in comparison with the conventional soaking-in-liquid approach. The gas permeability and separation performance, before and post the regeneration methods, were assessed using a binary mixture of CO2 and CH4 (1:1, v:v). Our results show that an 8-hour methanol vapor treatment was sufficient to recover the original gas permeability, reaching a CO2 permeability > 7000 barrer.
On the local well-posedness of the nonlinear heat equation associated to the fractional Hermite operator in modulation spaces
Authors: Cordero Elena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this note we consider the nonlinear heat equation associated to the fractional Hermite operator $$H^\beta =(-\Delta +|x|^2)^\beta $$

H
β

=

(
-
Δ
+
|
x
|

2

)

β

, $$0<\beta \le 1$$

0
<
β
≤
1

. We show the local solvability of the related Cauchy problem in the framework of modulation spaces. The result is obtained by combining tools from microlocal and time-frequency analysis. As a byproduct, we compute the Gabor matrix of pseudodifferential operators with symbols in the Hörmander class $$S^m_{0,0}$$

S

0
,
0

m

, $$m\in \mathbb {R}$$

m
∈
R

.
Blood Biomarkers for Monitoring and Prognosis of Large Vessel Vasculitides
Authors: Tombetti Enrico , Hysa Elvis , Mason Justin C. , Cimmino Marco A. , Camellino Dario 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewLarge vessel vasculitides (LVVs) are inflammatory conditions of the wall of large-sized arteries, mainly represented by giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TA). The inflammatory process within the vessel wall can lead to serious consequences such as development of aneurysms, strokes and blindness; therefore, early diagnosis and follow-up of LVV are fundamental. However, the arterial wall is poorly accessible and blood biomarkers are intended to help physicians not only in disease diagnosis but also in monitoring and defining the prognosis of these conditions, thus assisting therapeutic decisions and favouring personalised management. The field is the object of intense research as the identification of reliable biomarkers is likely to shed light on the mechanisms of disease progression and arterial remodelling. In this review, we will discuss the role of blood biomarkers in LVVs in the light of the latest evidence.Recent FindingsIn clinical practice, the most widely performed laboratory investigations are the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). However, these indices may be within normal limits during disease relapse and they are not reliable in patients receiving interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor inhibitors. New biomarkers struggle to gain traction in clinical practice and no molecule with good accuracy has been identified to date. IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine that drives CRP synthesis and increases the ESR, is one of the most promising biomarkers in the field. IL-6 analysis is increasingly performed, and serum levels are more sensitive than ESR for active GCA and might reflect persistent inflammation with high risk of relapse in patients on IL-6 receptor inhibitors. A future with biomarkers that reflect different disease features is an important aspiration. Accordingly, intense effort is being made to identify IL-6-independent inflammatory biomarkers, such as S100 proteins, pentraxin-3 and osteopontin. Moreover, metalloproteinases such as MMP2/9 and angiogenic modulators such as VEGF, YLK-40 and angiopoietins are being studied as markers of arterial remodelling. Lastly, biomarkers indicating organ damage may guide prognostic stratification as well as emergency therapeutic decisions: the most promising biomarkers so far identified are NT-proBNP, which reflects myocardial strain; pentraxin-3, which has been associated with recent optic nerve ischemia; and endothelin-1, which is associated with ischaemic complications.SummaryCurrently, the use of these molecules in clinical practice is limited because of their restricted availability, lack of sufficient studies supporting their validity and associated costs. Further evidence is required to better interpret their biological and clinical value.
Association between albuminuria and thyroid function in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Reinhardt Walter , Mülling Nils , Behrendt Stefan , Benson Sven , Dolff Sebastian , Führer Dagmar , Tan Susanne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The relationship between proteinuria and thyroid function remains controversial in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We prospectively investigated the association between kidney and thyroid function in thyroid antibody-negative patients through all CKD stages.

Methods
We enrolled 184 nondialysis patients (mean age: 63.1 ± 16.9 years) without previous thyroid disease or thyroid-specific antibodies. Kidney function was assessed by estimating the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) classified according KDIGO (CKD G1–5). Kidney damage was assessed by albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio, ACR) and classified as mild, moderate, or severe (ACR1: <300, ACR2: 300–3000, and ACR3: 3000 mg/g). To evaluate thyroid function, TSH, T4, fT4, T3, fT3, reverse T3 (rT3), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were measured.

Results
rT3 concentrations correlated negatively with albuminuria (r = −0.286, p < 0.001) and were significantly lower in patients with severe albuminuria than in those with mild or moderate albuminuria (ACR3: 0.28 vs. ACR2: 0.32 vs. ACR1: 0.36 nmol/l, p < 0.001). The severity of albuminuria revealed no impact on TSH, fT4, T3, fT3, and TBG. EGFR correlated with increasing T4, fT4, T3, fT3, and TBG (T4: r = 0.289, p < 0.01; fT4: r = 0.196, p < 0.01; T3: r = 0.408, p < 0.01; fT3: r = 0.390, p < 0.01) but not with rT3.

Conclusions
In thyroid antibody-negative patients presenting advanced CKD (stages 4 and 5), even severe kidney protein loss failed to influence thyroid hormone status. However, albuminuria severity correlated negatively with rT3, which was significantly lower in patients with albuminuria in the nephrotic range.
The Coding and Small Non-coding Hippocampal Synaptic RNAome
Authors: Epple Robert , Krüger Dennis , Berulava Tea , Brehm Gerrit , Ninov Momchil , Islam Rezaul , Köster Sarah , Fischer Andre 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeurons are highly compartmentalized cells that depend on local protein synthesis. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have thus been detected in neuronal dendrites, and more recently in the pre- and postsynaptic compartments as well. Other RNA species such as microRNAs have also been described at synapses where they are believed to control mRNA availability for local translation. A combined dataset analyzing the synaptic coding and non-coding RNAome via next-generation sequencing approaches is, however, still lacking. Here, we isolate synaptosomes from the hippocampus of young wild-type mice and provide the coding and non-coding synaptic RNAome. These data are complemented by a novel approach for analyzing the synaptic RNAome from primary hippocampal neurons grown in microfluidic chambers. Our data show that synaptic microRNAs control almost the entire synaptic mRNAome, and we identified several hub microRNAs. By combining the in vivo synaptosomal data with our novel microfluidic chamber system, our findings also support the hypothesis that part of the synaptic microRNAome may be supplied to neurons via astrocytes. Moreover, the microfluidic system is suitable for studying the dynamics of the synaptic RNAome in response to stimulation. In conclusion, our data provide a valuable resource and point to several important targets for further research.
Energy-saving potential for centrifugal pump storage operation using optimized control schemes
Authors: Hieninger Thomas , Goppelt Florian , Schmidt-Vollus Ronald , Schlücker Eberhard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present the energy-saving potential of using optimized control for centrifugal pump–driven water storages. For this purpose, a Simulink pump-pipe-storage model is used. The equations and transfer function for steady-state and transient system behavior are presented and verified. Two different control strategies—optimum constant flow rate and level guided speed control—are compared to an allegedly optimal-driven pump with constant rotational speed. Twelve centrifugal pumps between 1 and 120 kW nominal power are evaluated to analyze the influence of different system parameters. The system characteristics, which are the static head, dynamic head factor, and maximum filling head, are varied 25 times for each pump in consideration of the pump’s best efficiency point. Thus, 300 different systems are optimized for each control strategy and compared to the constant speed control. The results are analyzed and the relevant system’s parameters, which have the most significant impact on energy savings, are shown. This theoretical energy–saving potential is verified with measurements, which show the high impact of the part load losses of the frequency converter and the electric motor. A law for identifying and estimation potential energy savings is developed using this information. Four use cases are analyzed with this law. It is shown that for a cost-minimal operation, not only the savings potential but also the operating time is decisive.
Coherent Particle Structures in High-Prandtl-Number Liquid Bridges
Authors: Barmak Ilya , Romanò Francesco , Kannan Parvathy Kunchi , Kuhlmann Hendrik C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClustering of small rigid spherical particles into particle accumulation structures (PAS) is studied numerically for a high-Prandtl-number (Pr = 68) thermocapillary liquid bridge. The one-way-coupling approach is used for calculation of the particle motion, modeling PAS as an attractor for a single particle. The attractor is created by dissipative forces acting on the particle near the boundary due to the finite size of the particle. These forces can dramatically deflect the particle trajectory from a fluid pathline and transfer it to certain tubular flow structures, called Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser (KAM) tori, in which the particle is focused and from which it might not escape anymore. The transfer of particles can take place if a KAM torus, which is a property of the flow without particles, enters the narrow boundary layer on the flow boundaries in which the particle experiences extra forces. Since the PAS obtained in this system depends mainly on the finite particle size, it can be classified as a finite-size coherent structure (FSCS).