bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Patterns and Breast Cancer Risk: A KCPS-II Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Ji-Young , Cho Hae in , Jee Sun ha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: There have been inconsistencies in the evidence for a role of dietary risk factors in the development of breast cancer. In this study, we used a large-scale cohort (Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II [KCPS-II]) to examine the association between dietary patterns and breast cancer risk in Korean women.Methods: The dietary patterns of 14,807 women from the KCPS-II were derived by factor analysis and 135 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed during the follow-up period. Cox proportional models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of breast cancer. Results: The following three major dietary factors were identified: “Korean dietary pattern” (high intake of Kimchi, vegetables, and rice); “Sweet dietary pattern” (high intake of soda and sugar); and “Western-like dietary pattern” (high intake of dairy products, eggs, oil, fruits, and bread). After adjusting for potential confounders, neither the Korean (HR for the highest compared with the lowest tertile, 1.04; 95% CI 0.53−2.06) nor the Sweet dietary patterns were associated with the risk of breast cancer. In contrast, the Western-like dietary pattern was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer with an HR (95% CI) of 1.01 (0.65−1.60) for the second tertile and 1.61 (1.04−2.50) for the third tertile as compared with the lowest tertile. After stratifying by menopausal status, these effects were only statistically significant among premenopausal women for the third tertile, compared with those in the bottom tertile (HR 1.69; 95% CI 1.06−2.68; p = 0.028). No significant association was observed between the Korean or Sweet dietary pattern and breast cancer among either pre- or postmenopausal women.Conclusions: Our findings revealed that a greater consumption of a Western-like diet was associated with an increased breast cancer risk and consequently offer a potential prevention strategy for Korean women.
High Body Mass Polygenic Risk in Mothers Enhances De Novo Functional Mutations in Epigenetic and Microtubule Gene Pathways in Their Offspring With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lohman Brian , Shabalin Andrey A , Farrell Andrew , Marth Gabor T , Docherty Anna R. , Coon Hilary 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental diagnosis that encompasses deficits in social communication in addition to repetitive and restrictive behaviors and interests. Accumulated evidence implicates over 100 risk genes and suggests possible genetic subtypes. We tested one previously characterized subtype relating to high maternal body mass index (BMI) as an enhancing risk factor in genetically vulnerable offspring. Methods. Using 1,300 families from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC), we created an objectively defined subgroup of mothers in the highest quartile of the distribution of derived BMI polygenic risk scores. Polygenic risk for BMI reflects background genetic risk independent of the many environmental modifiers of BMI.Results. In the ASD offspring of mothers in this highest quartile, we found significant associations with de novo, putatively functional variants in genes in pathways related to chromatin state, chromatin structure, histone activity, and microtubule function. These gene pathways represent potential epigenetic vulnerability to alterations in the metabolic prenatal environment and/or alterations in microtubule-related brain development processes. The observed pathway enrichments were maternal-specific, and were not observed in neurotypical offspring. Two-thirds of the 36 genes in the significant epigenetic pathways and over half of the 33 genes in the significant microtubule pathways had existing ASD or neurodevelopmental risk evidence. Limitations. Though tests and simulations were done to ensure robustness of results, these findings have not been replicated in an external cohort.Conclusions. Our results suggest that epigenetic modification and/or microtubule deficits may be unique to a subset of ASD probands of mothers at increased genetic metabolic risk, pending external replication. Beyond the current application of these methods, our approach presents a strategy to reveal genetic subsets through polygenic risk stratification across phenotypic domains.
Association of Next Generation Sequencing and Routine Testing with Survival of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in Clinical Practice
Authors: Wang Wenxian , Si Jinfei , Zhang Xiaoyan , Ma Tonghui , Lou Guangyuan , Shi Zhiyong , Shao Lan , Zhang Yiping , Song Zhengbo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The rapid development of detection technologies has resulted in an increased use of next generation sequencing (NGS) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Here, we investigated the clinical benefits of different detection technologies for patients with advanced lung cancer in a real world setting. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled advanced NSCLC patients diagnosed between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2019 in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital who received genetic testing. Patients received either NGS or routine testing (EGFR and/or ALK and/or ROS1 only). Although different panels were used for NGS, they all included nine genes mentioned as molecular biomarkers in the NCCN guidelines (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS, HER2, BRAF, MET, RET, and NTRK). Clinical outcomes were compared between advanced NSCLC patients who received NGS and those undergoing routine testing. Overall survival (OS) and survival rates were analyzed. Propensity score analysis was used to prevent survival bias associated with patient characteristics.Results: Of 6,451 patients with advanced NSCLC included in the analysis, 5,666 (87.8%) patients underwent routine testing and 785 (12.2%) were tested by NGS. The median OS was 22.6 months and the 5-year survival rate was 22.89%. Comparison of OS showed an absolute difference between the two cohorts according to unadjusted survival curves (24.8 months vs. 22.1 months, P=0.0097), whereas no difference in OS was observed using propensity score analysis (P=0.533). The 1-year survival rate was significantly higher in patients tested by NGS than in those undergoing routine testing (82.0% vs. 70.7%, P=0.0004). In patients with uncommon mutations and in those receiving targeted therapies, propensity score analysis showed that the 1- and 2-year mortalities were significantly lower in the NGS group than in the routine testing group without mutations. This could be due to the higher rate of patients receiving targeted therapy (68.0% vs. 53.6%; P=0.042) and off-label drugs (28.10% vs. 11.40%; P=0.002) in the NGS testing cohort.Conclusions: Although propensity score analysis showed NGS had no significant benefit with RT, NGS detected more uncommon mutations and improved off-label drugs treatments. The findings highlight the importance of NGS detection, lead to a clinical benefit in uncommon mutations.
Mercury Goes Solid At Room Temperature At Nanoscale: Toward An Effective Hg Waste Storage
Authors: Kana N. , Morad R. , Akbari M. , Henini M. , Niemela J. , Hacque F. , Gibaud A. , Maaza M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
While room temperature bulk mercury is liquid, it is solid in its nanoconfiguration (Ønano−Hg ≤ 2.4 nm). Conjugating the nanoscale size effect and the Laplace-driven surface excess pressure, Hg nanoparticles of Ønano−Hg ≤ 2.4 nm embedded in a 2-D turbostratic BN host matrix exhibited net crystallization at room temperature via the experimentally observed (101) & (003) diffraction Bragg peaks of the solid Hg rhombohedric α-phase. The observed crystallization is correlated to a surface atomic ordering of 7 to 8 reticular atomic planes of the rhombohedric α-phase. Such a novel size effect on the phase transition phenomena in Hg is conjugated to a potential Hg waste storage technology. Considering the vapor pressure of bulk Hg, RT solid nano-Hg confinement represents a viable green approach for Hg waste storage derived from modern halogen-efficient light technology.
Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 ; Does it Effect of Hearing Function?
Authors: Özgedik Dilek , YILMAZ Suna Tokgöz , Gürbüz Berrak Bilginer , SİVRİ Serap Kalkanoğlu , Sennaroğlu Gonca 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to observe the audiological findings of patients with Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 (GA-1), which is very difficult to evaluate and diagnose due to limited scientific literature. We used an audiological test battery to evaluate the study group of 17 individuals with GA-1 diagnosis and the control group of 20 healthy individuals. Following the otoscopic examination, the audiological test battery consisting of pure-tone hearing threshold (PTA) test, immittancemeter, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions, and auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements were applied to all participants (N=37).DPOAE amplitudes and the contralateral distortion product suppression values were significantly lower in the study group compared to control group (p < 0,05). In the study group, although they had a normal hearing level, there were morphologically different ABR waves than the control group, which was considered a remarkable finding. As well as I-V interpeak latency, the absolute latencies of I, III, and V waves ABR of the study group, were observed to be prolonged significantly compared to the control group (p < 0,05). Our findings support that GA-1 disease of association with auditory damage. The use of otoacoustic emissions and ABR measurements in the audiological test battery would be useful tool in the early diagnosis and follow-up of hearing sensivity individuals with GA-1.
Status of the Latest 2016 World Health Organization Recommended Frequency of Antenatal Care Contacts in Sierra Leone: a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Sserwanja Quraish , Musaba Milton W. , Kamara Kassim , Mutisya Linet M. , Mukunya David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Timely and increased frequency of quality antenatal care (ANC) contacts is one of the key strategies aimed at decreasing maternal and neonatal deaths. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) modified the minimum number of ANC visits from at least four to eight contacts. This study aimed to determine the proportion of women who received eight or more ANC contacts and associated factors in Sierra Leone.Methods: We used Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2019 data of 5,432 women aged 15 to 49 years who had a live birth within three years preceding the survey. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with utilisation of eight or more ANC contacts using SPSS version 25 complex samples package. Results: Out of 5,432 women, 2,399 (44.8%) (95% CI: 43.1-45.7) had their first ANC contact in the first trimester and 1,197 (22.0%) (95% CI: 21.2-23.4) had eight or more ANC contacts. Women who had their first ANC contact after first trimester (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 0.58, 95% CI 0.49-0.68) and women aged 15 to 19 years had a less likelihood of having eight or more contacts (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.91). Working (aOR 1.33, 95%CI 1.10 to 1.62) and wealthier women had higher odds of having eight or more contacts compared to poorer ones and those not working respectively. Women residing in the Southern region, those using internet and less parous women were associated with higher odds of having eight or more ANC contacts. Women who had no big problem obtaining permission to go health facilities also had higher odds of having eight or more ANC contacts compared to those who had big problems.Conclusion: Sierra Leone’s adoption of eight or more ANC contacts is low with less than half of the women initiating ANC in the first trimester. To ensure increased access to recommended ANC visits, timely ANC should be encouraged. Attributes of women empowerment such as workings status, socio-economic status, and decision-making should also be emphasized.
Hinge-Type FBG Acceleration Sensor Based on Double Elastic Plate
Authors: Qiu Zhongchao , Zhang Jinquan , Teng Yuntian , Gao Zhitao , Li Hong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It is critical for the health monitoring of large-scale structures such as bridge, railway and tunnel to acquire the medium-frequency and high-frequency vibration signals. To solve the problems of low sensitivity and poor transverse anti-interference of the medium-frequency and high-frequency fiber acceleration sensor, a hinge-type Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) acceleration sensor based on double elastic plate has been proposed, and the hinge and elastic plate are used as elastomer to realize the miniaturization and transverse interference suppression of the sensor. The MATLAB and the ANSYS are used for theoretical analysis and optimization of sensor sensitivity and resonance frequency, structural static stress analysis and modal simulation analysis, while the test system is built to test the sensor performance. The results show that the resonance frequency of the sensor is 1300 Hz; the sensor has a flat sensitivity response in the middle-high frequency band of 200-800 Hz; the sensitivity is about 20 pm/g, and the fiber central wavelength drift and acceleration have good linearity and stability, while the transverse anti-interference is about 3.16%, which provides a new idea for monitoring of medium-frequency and high-frequency vibration signals in large-scale structures.
Double Row Absorbable Anchor Bridge Suture Versus Hollow Nails for Treating Acute Posterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fracture
Authors: zhang gan , Wu Lu , Chen Qianyong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective To compare the outcomes of open reduction through double row absorbable anchor bridge suture with hollow nails for acute posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture. Methods From May 2015 to May 2019, 35 patients with acute PCL avulsion fractures were treated by open reduction through double row absorbable anchor bridge suture or hollow nails. There were 15 cases in double row absorbable anchor group and 20 cases in hollow nails group. The operation time, incision length, postoperative ambulation time, hospitalization expenses, healing time of fracture and Lysholm score of patients at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. Result All the patients in both group had operation perfromed smoothly without serious complication. The operation time in double row absorbable anchor group was (77.33±9.88) min which was longer compared to (59.75±7.86) min in the hollow nails group (p＜0.05). The hospitalization expenses indouble row absorbable anchor group was (28132±2096)yuan which was higher compared to (15904±1113) yuan in the hollow nails group (p＜0.05).The postoperative ambulation time in double row absorbable anchor group was (2.07±0.70) d which was shorter compared to (3.80±1.64) d in the hollow nails group (p＜0.05). There were no significant difference between the two groups in incision length, healing time of fracture and Lysholm score of patients at the last follow-up (p＞0.05). Conclusion Both open reduction through double row absorbable anchor bridge suture and hollow nails for acute PCL avulsion fracture have good clinical result. Double row absorbable anchor bridge suture had advantage of reliable fixation and shorter postoperative ambulation time incision length, however, hollow nails fixation had advantages of less operation time and lower hospitalization expenses.
Extra-Corporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) for Cardiac Arrest Patients-3-Year Experience in the Era of Left Ventricular Decompression
Authors: Hsin Ho-Tsung , Chiu Kuan-Ming , Wu Ying-Chiu , Hsieh Fu-Chien , Chen Jer-Shen , Huang Jih-Hsin , Wu Mei-Ling , Chen Chieh-Fu , Cheong Kei-Ip , How Cheng-Hung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Cardiac arrest has been a great threat, regardless of its occurrence in or out of the hospital (OHCA and IHCA). ECMO has been regarded as the last resort to save these endangering lives. This prospective cohort intended to clarify how ECMO-assisted CPR (ECPR) benefited patients of cardiac arrests, both OHCA and IHCA, and addressed the survival benefit of left ventricular decompression.
Methods

Consecutive patients of OHCA and IHCA, refractory to resuscitation and without certain exclusion criteria for mechanical support, were enrolled since 2018. Primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality.
Results

From 2018 Jan. to 2021 Mar., 147 patients of both OHCA and IHCA were put on ECPR. Acute coronary syndrome took 63.3%. Rate of weaning-off from ECMO/modified LVAD was 45.6%, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 67.3%. Peak serum lactate (10.9 ± 5.5 vs. 16.4 ± 7.7 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (35.8 ± 20.6% vs. 26.7 ± 21.7%, p = 0.029) during mechanical support were of prognostic significance. The low-flow time was not correlated with these two prognostic parameters and in-hospital mortality in our series. Forty-five patients with poorer left ventricular function were put on modified LVAD, which rendered survival benefit over VA-ECMO by 3 days: 1st day mortality (VA-ECMO vs modified LVAD 18.6% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.008); 3rd day (35.3% vs 17.8%, p = 0.034). The Kaplan-Meyer analysis depicted the survival benefit of modified LVAD (log-rank p = 0.024)
Conclusion

Our prospective cohort, enrolling both OHCA and IHCA patients put on ECPR, implied that fair outcomes could be achieved in both groups, as long as high quality CPR could be persistently applied, regardless of the low-flow time. Peak serum lactate and LVEF were proved again to be closely correlated to outcomes. Moreover, the procedure of LV decompression could render further survival benefit to those with poorer LV function.
Gender, Underweight and Dietary Practices Among Male and Female Adolescents in Pastoral Community, Kenya
Authors: Munga Judith , Kiige Laura , Maina-Gathigi Lucy , L'Parnoi Peter , Lengewa Catherine Mesianto , Kiplamai Festus , Kariuki Esther 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Many boys and girls in developing countries transition to adolescence undernourished, making them more vulnerable to disease and mortality. Growth during adolescence is faster than any other period of life leading to increased requirements for both macro- and micronutrient. High vulnerability to undernutrition has been expressed more on adolescent girls despite similar stage of growth for both males and females. This necessitates more information on gender influence on undernutrition and dietary practices especially in resource poor environments with rich cultural practices such as pastoral Samburu community in Kenya.Methods: The study design is cross sectional with both quantitative and qualitative components for in-depth understanding of the parameters in context of the target population that targeted 490 male and female adolescents based on probability proportionate to population size. Simple random sampling method was used to reach adolescent respondents in each cluster in Samburu Central sub-county. Questionnaires, in-depth interview, and Focus Group Discussion guides were used to collect data. Quantitative data was analyzed and presented descriptively as frequencies and percentages and inferentially as odds ratio, Chi-square and t-test. Content analysis was done on qualitative data and information triangulated with quantitative data for in-depth understanding of the context of study findings, Results: Low education level was observed among the adolescents where 21.9% dropped out of primary school while 21.9% completed primary education. There was no difference in gender distribution in both primary and secondary schools’ enrolment (χ2, p> 0.05). The married adolescents were more likely to be females than males (χ2, p<0.001). The adolescents aged 10-14 years were two times more likely to be underweight compared to 15–19-year-old (OR,2.101; CI,1.331-3.317; P=0.001). Males aged 15-19 years associated with underweight (χ2, p=0.049). Females had significantly higher Mean Dietary Diversity Score (MDDS) at 3.93±1.39 compared to 3.59±1.40 of their male counterparts (t-test, p=0.007). Male adolescents (59.9%) were more likely to consume less than 4 food groups compared to the 35.3% female counterparts (χ2, p<0.001). Conclusion: Adolescents are vulnerable to malnutrition that is associated to poor dietary practices and nutrient inadequacies that are further compromised by cultural gender roles that place the male adolescent at a higher risk. Culture sensitive strategies are recommended to reduce malnutrition and all its forms in this population group
Potential and Whole-genome Sequence-based Mechanism of Elongated-prismatic Magnetite Magnetosome Formation in Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans BYM
Authors: Zhao Dan , Yang Jiani , Zhang Guojing , Lu Dong , Zhang Shuang , Wang Weidong , Yan Lei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A magnetosome-producing bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BYM (At. ferrooxidans BYM) was isolated and magnetically screened. The magnetosome yield from 0.5896 to 13.1291 mg/g was achieved under different aeration rates, ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate, and gluconic acid concentrations at 30 ℃. TEM observed 6–9 magnetosomes in size of 20–80 nm irregularly dispersed in a cell. STEM-EDXS and HRTEM-FFT implied that the elongated-prismatic magnetite magnetosomes with {110} crystal faces grown along the [111] direction. Whole-genome sequencing and annotation of BYM showed that 3.2 Mb chromosome and 47.11 kb plasmid coexisted, and 322 genes associated with iron metabolism were discovered. Ten genes shared high similarity with magnetosome genes were predicted, providing sufficient evidence for the magnetosome-producing potential of BYM. Accordingly, we first proposed a hypothetic model of magnetosome formation including vesicle formation, iron uptake and mineralization, and magnetite crystal maturation in At. ferrooxidans. These indicated that At. ferrooxidans BYM would be used as a commercial magnetosome-producing microorganism.