bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Potential Material Basis and Mechanism of Astragali Radix Against Adriamycin‐Induced Nephropathy Model Rat by 1H NMR and MS‐Based Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis
Authors: Li Aiping , Li Ben , Cui Ting , Zhang Wangning , Qin Xuemei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAstragali Radix (AR) is one of the monarch drugs of Fangji Huangqi decoction and has the effects of inducing diuresis to alleviate edema, tonifying and strengthening the body. However, there is a paucity of research regarding the effective fraction and the underlying metabolic mechanism of AR on nephrotic syndrome (NS). This work aims to elucidate the potential mechanisms of AR treating NS, as well as to identify effective part and components. Firstly, body weight, kidney index, 24‐h urea protein, and biochemical parameters were used to confirm the kidney injury. The most effective part of AR was determined based on the indicators above. Then, 1H NMR, UHPLC‐QTOF/MS, and GC‐MS‐based metabolomic approaches were used to investigate differential metabolites closely associated with the effective part against NS. A “C‐T‐P‐D” network (a network diagram of “TCM prescription–herbs–components–targets–metabolites–pathways–disease”) was constructed by intersecting the targets of differential metabolites with those of AR treating NS. The efficacy indicators determined the n‐butanol part of AR as the best effective part. Multiplatform metabolomics and network pharmacology study indicated that the potential mechanism for treating NS may be related to targets (MIF, SRC, and GBA) and metabolic pathways (citrate cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis).
Pathology discovered in the “first patient” can be the silent teacher of self‐directed learning
Authors: Leupold Mary , Topping Daniel , Cork R. John , McGoey Robin , Rae Guenevere 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPathology found during cadaveric dissection has been used to model integrative teaching methods for medical students at several institutions. Recent evidence has shown that pathology found during dissection can be used in the design of self‐directed learning (SDL) activities with standards that are difficult to meet. This study presents a novel method for providing formative feedback, one of the most challenging aspects for LCME accreditation of SDL activities. Three practitioners (two board certified pathologists and one board certified family physician) reviewed and rated pathological findings during routine dissection by first year medical students in the gross anatomy laboratory in New Orleans, Louisiana. The students also rated the findings, and a comparative score was given that provided quick, individualized formative feedback with no additional faculty time burden. The inter‐rater reliability (IRR) among the clinical expert panel (n = 3) was adequate (IRR = 0.85). The students' percentage agreement with the expert panel was just under 57%. There was no significant correlation between the score on the Gift formative feedback instrument (FFI) and the students' performances in their gross anatomy course (p > 0.05). This study describes a FFI that allows for the variety of clinical presentations in cadavers dissected in the gross anatomy laboratory, while protecting faculty time that would otherwise be used for scoring individuals in large cohorts of medical students. This instrument can be used to integrate pathology and gross anatomy and provide a practical way of implementing self‐directed learning.
Protocol: The impact of integrated thematic instruction model on primary and secondary school students compared to standard teaching: A protocol of systematic review
Authors: Barancová Klára , Kantor Jiří , Fasnerová Martina , Svobodová Zuzana , Klugar Miloslav 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. This systematic review will examine the impact of the Integrated Thematic Instruction (ITI) on academic attainment and other possible outcomes of primary and secondary school students compared to standard teaching. We will seek to answer the following research question: What impact does the ITI/HET teaching has on academic attainment and other possible outcomes of primary and secondary school students compared to standard teaching?
Nitrided Ti‐6Al‐4V: A Catalyst for Increase Mineralization and Osteogenic Marker Expression
Authors: Krasaesin Annop , Pinijsuwan Suttiporn , Boonruang Chatdanai , Sriwattanapong Kanokwan , Porntaveetus Thantrira , Osathanon Thanaphum , Watanabe Shuichi , Jongwannasiri Chavin , Manaspon Chawan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPlasma nitriding is one of the surface modifications that show more effectiveness than other methods. In this study, the plasma‐based ion implantation (PBII) technique was performed on the surface of titanium alloy (Ti‐6Al‐4V, Ti64) using a mixture of nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar), resulting in a plasma‐nitrided surface (TiN‐Ti64). The surface composition of the TiN‐Ti64 was verified through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TiN‐Ti64 demonstrated superior hydrophilicity compared with Ti64. TiN‐Ti64 exhibited higher surface hardness than the original surface. The biological responses of primary human alveolar bone cells (hAVs) were observed on the TiN‐Ti64, revealing greater activation of cell adhesion and spreading compared with Ti64 and the control group (glass coverslip). Moreover, the TiN‐Ti64 significantly promoted cell proliferation compared with Ti64 and tissue culture plates. The mineralization of hAVs on the TiN‐Ti64 showed a significant increase, almost 20% greater than that of Ti64. Furthermore, a significant upregulation of mRNA expression for osteogenic differentiation marker genes, including BMP2, OCN, OPN, and RUNX2, was observed in TiN‐Ti64 compared with other conditions. In addition, the TiN‐Ti64 exhibited antibiofilm activity against Streptococcus aureus. In conclusion, the TiN‐Ti64, modified with the PBII technique utilizing a mixture of N2 and Ar, emerges as a promising alternative for surface modification in dental implant applications.
Pharmacognostic Standardization, Morphometric Analysis, and Multivariate Analysis of Croton lobatus L. and Croton zambesicus Mull. Arg
Authors: Sonibare Mubo Adeola , Ayo‐Ayinde Mercy Abisola , Akinmurele Opeyemi Josephine , Ogunlakin Akingbolabo Daniel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCroton lobatus L. and Croton zambesicus Mull. Arg. from the family Euphorbiaceae has been used traditionally in West tropical Africa for the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis, malaria, female infertility, and dysentery. This present study was performed to generate data for quality control, standardization, and morphometrics of C. lobatus and C. zambesicus. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were carried out on the plants using standard procedures. Powdered samples of the leaves were used for fluorescence analysis. Chemomicroscopy and phytochemical screening were also done according to standard procedures. The 25 accessions used for morphometrics were obtained from the herbarium specimens of the Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI) using 23 morphological characters. The macro‐ and microscopic studies of the plants showed confirmation of the species identity and also showed differences in features such as leaf apex, margin, trichome type, and anticlinal walls, which can be used in differentiating C. lobatus from C. zambesicus. For the physicochemical parameters, the moisture content was above 10.0%, and total ash ranged from 9.6% ± 0.0% to 11.7% ± 0.02%, indicating low contamination of the plant samples. Acid insoluble ash values for the two plants were below 2.0%. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and cardiac glycoside in both plants. The result of the multivariate analyses (Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis) revealed that six out of the 23 parameters utilized accounted for differences among C. lobatus and C. zambesicus accessions studied. The pharmacognostic features established from the evaluation of the two species of Croton could be used for their identification, thus providing appropriate characters for their standardization.
The Bounce‐Back of Business Travel. An Exploration Through the Lens of Complex Systems Theory
Authors: Oskam Jeroen A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDuring the Covid‐pandemic, the expectation emerged that the digitalization of business processes would have a permanent character. In particular, business travel would be replaced, to a large extent, by virtual meetings. This article uses complex systems theory to study business travel to Amsterdam before and after the Covid‐pandemic, analyzing a large dataset of hotel check‐ins and check‐outs from 55% of the city's hotels during 2019, 2022, and 2023. The data were explored to detect changes in business traveler behavior and subjected to tests proposed by Baggio and Sainaghi to assess the dynamics of nonlinear complex tourism systems. Despite the pandemic's disruption, our findings suggest that business travel dynamics continue to evolve similarly to pre‐pandemic trends, with notable shifts in markets of origin, longer stays, and a move toward midscale hotels and bleisure stays. The study also highlights a dissonance between actual travel behavior and the desire to reduce business travel for environmental or social reasons. By applying complex systems theory, this research enhances our understanding of the resilience and adaptability of business travel, emphasizing the need for strategic foresight and scenario planning in the hospitality and tourism sectors to navigate post‐pandemic complexities.
Recentering the humeral head does not necessarily improve glenohumeral abduction: A cadaveric biomechanical study
Authors: Hu Qingxiang , Li Chenkai , Wu Di , Gu Zian , Xu Hui , Zhan Shi , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhou Zhekun , He Yaohua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo explore if recentering the humeral head could improve shoulder abduction in shoulders with irreparable massive rotator cuff tears (IMRCTs).MethodsNine fresh‐frozen cadaveric shoulders were used to simulate the intact condition and IMRCTs as controls. Four ‘recenter’ interventions were then sequentially applied: subacromial interposition (SI) using 4‐ and 8‐mm spacers and superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) using two‐ and four‐layer fascia lata grafts. Dynamic biomechanical experiments were performed for each condition. The primary outcomes were glenohumeral abduction angle (GAA). The secondary outcomes were acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and subacromial contact pressure.ResultsIn the intact condition, the GAA was significantly greater compared to the IMRCT condition at most deltoid force levels (p < 0.05 for all except at 80 N). IMRCT significantly increased maximum contact pressure (MCP) compared to intact (Δ +0.09 MPa, p = 0.029). For recentering interventions, neither SI nor SCR improved GAA (p > 0.05). The 8‐mm spacer and four‐layer SCR condition significantly increased MCP compared to the intact condition (Δ +0.22 MPa, p = 0.048, Δ +0.24 MPa, p = 0.012, respectively).ConclusionBoth SCR and SI could effectively recenter the humeral head, but neither technique improved shoulder abduction, with both even significantly increasing subacromial contact pressures. These findings suggest that surgical goals focusing solely on recentering humeral head may need re‐evaluation, particularly, for patients with high functional demands on shoulder abduction.Level of EvidenceN/A.
Submarine groundwater discharge as a major nutrient source in river‐fed vs. tidally dominated estuaries
Authors: Wilson Stephanie J. , Tamborski Joseph J. , Song Bongkeun , Bernhardt Peter , Mulholland Margaret R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe tidal tributaries of the lower Chesapeake Bay experience seasonally recurring harmful algal blooms and the significance of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) as a nutrient vector is largely unknown. Here, we determined seasonal SGD nutrient loads in two tributaries with contrasting hydrodynamic conditions, river‐fed (York River) vs. tidally dominated (Lafayette River). Radon surveys were performed in each river to quantify SGD at the embayment‐scale during spring and fall 2021. Total SGD was determined from a 222Rn mass balance and Monte Carlo simulations. Submarine groundwater discharge rates differed by a factor of two during spring (Lafayette = 11 ± 17 cm d−1; York = 6 ± 10 cm d−1) and a factor of six during fall (Lafayette = 19 ± 27 cm d−1; York = 3 ± 7 cm d−1). Groundwater N concentrations and fluxes varied seasonally in the York (4–7 mmol N m−2 d−1). In the Lafayette River, seasonal N fluxes (22–37 mmol N m−2 d−1) were driven by seasonal water exchange rates, likely due to recurrent saltwater intrusion. Submarine groundwater discharge–derived nutrient fluxes were orders of magnitude greater than riverine inputs and runoff in each system. Additionally, sediment N removal by denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation would only remove ~ 1–11% of dissolved inorganic nitrogen supplied through SGD. The continued recurrence of harmful algal blooms in the Bay's tidal tributaries may be indicative of an under‐accounting of submarine groundwater‐borne nutrient sources. This study highlights the importance of including SGD in water quality models used to advise restoration efforts in the Chesapeake Bay region and beyond.
Consistent prokaryotic successional dynamics across contrasting phytoplankton blooms
Authors: Gómez‐Letona Markel , Arístegui Javier , Riebesell Ulf , Sebastián Marta 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHeterotrophic prokaryotes play a vital role in organic matter cycling in the ocean and have been observed to undergo substrate‐controlled successions during phytoplankton blooms. However, there is limited understanding of the succession patterns during blooms triggered by upwelling events of different characteristics. Here we simulated eight upwelling scenarios of varying intensity and duration (single vs. recurring pulses) by adding nutrient‐rich mesopelagic waters into large‐scale mesocosms containing oligotrophic surface waters from the subtropical North Atlantic. Over a monitoring period of nearly 6 weeks, we observed that phytoplankton blooms displayed diverging outcomes depending on the upwelling mode: treatments with single upwelling pulses presented a unique, short‐lived bloom, whereas recurring upwelling resulted in blooms that were sustained over time. Prokaryotic abundances were positively related to upwelling intensity and presented three similar abundance cycles in all treatments, whereas heterotrophic activity differed between the two upwelling modes. The successional dynamics of free‐living and particle‐associated communities were consistent regardless of upwelling intensity and mode, with four or five prokaryotic assemblages sequentially proliferating during the experiment. Yet, some differences were observed in the taxa that formed the assemblages in both upwelling modes. Together, our results suggest that, despite differences in activity, prokaryotes seemed to be more influenced by processes taking place within the community than by phytoplankton bloom patterns, with similar succession dynamics even under widely distinct blooms. These findings can help advance our understanding on prokaryotic ecology and its relation to organic matter cycling across different upwelling scenarios.
Nurses' Attitudes Toward Family Importance in Nursing Care and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Alfaro‐Diaz Cristina , Canga‐Armayor Ana , Canga‐Armayor Navidad , Pueyo‐Garrigues María , Esandi Nuria 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo know the nurses' attitudes toward family involvement in nursing care and factors that can influence it.DesignA cross‐sectional design study was carried out on 253 clinical nurses.MethodsData was collected from 253 clinical nurses using the Families' Importance in Nursing Care–Nurses' Attitudes Scale, the Demand‐Control‐Support Questionnaire (DCSQ) and the Iceland Health Care Practitioner Illness Beliefs Questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t‐tests, analysis of variance, Pearson's and Spearman's correlations, and multiple linear regression.ResultsNurses generally had a positive attitude toward the importance of involving families in nursing care (M = 106.0; SD 11.9). Nurses who work in outpatient consultation, held a master's degree, and have a family‐oriented approach in their work unit showed more supportive attitudes. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that personal factors, including nurses' beliefs, and work‐related factors, including control over work, and job satisfaction, were the more influencing factors on nurses' attitudes toward family.ConclusionThis study offers valuable knowledge for understanding the attitudes of nurses toward family involvement in nursing care. Nurses have a positive attitude toward families. However, nurses' beliefs about family and illness, control over work, and perceived job satisfaction are key factors that influence these attitudes.Implications for the Patient CareUnderstanding the factors linked to nurses' favourable attitudes toward families can facilitate the adoption of a family‐centered approach in healthcare settings, ultimately enhancing the quality of care delivered to both the patient and their family.ImpactThe results may inform the development and implementation of strategies that facilitate working with a more family‐focused approach in daily nursing practice.Reporting MethodThis paper is reported according to the STROBE Statement.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Radiological Sublingual Space Invasion in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Associations and Impact on Survival
Authors: See Anna , Yang Min‐Cun , Huang Yenlin , Tsai Tsung‐You , Lee Chi‐Yin , Huang Pin‐Hsuan , Tseng Ti‐Yung , Ng Shu‐Hang , Chang Kai‐Ping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe investigate if sublingual space invasion (SLI) determined on magnetic resonance imaging confers differences in clinicopathological manifestations and treatment outcomes of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary Academic Medical Center.Methods221 OTSCC patients were included. Cox regression models and Kaplan‐Meier methods were used, and nomogram construction was performed, incorporating SLI with other adverse factors, to predict the prognosis.ResultsOn multivariable analysis, the following were associated with cervical nodal metastasis: (1) greater MRI T classification of T3/T4 versus T1/T2: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.784, 95% CI = 1.459 to 5.313, P = .001; (2) gender (female vs male): aOR 4.117, 95% CI = 1.602 to 10.576, P = .003; (3) presence of MRI‐determined SLI: aOR 2.588, 95% CI = 1.393 to 4.808, P = .002. For survival outcomes, extranodal extension (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 3.380, 95% CI = 2.024‐5.644, P < .001), poorly‐differentiated type (aHR: 1.720, 95% CI = 1.006‐2.943, P = .047), lymphovascular invasion (aHR: 2.100, 95% CI = 1.220‐3.614, P = .007), and SLI (aHR: 1.700, 95% CI = 1.086‐2.661, P = .020) were statistically significant prognosticators of disease‐free survival. In overall survival, when controlled for age, gender, overall TNM stage, Charlson morbidity index, surgical margins, depth of invasion and adjuvant therapy, SLI was a statistically significant prognosticator (aHR: 1.622, 95% CI = 1.012‐2.602, P = .044). A proposed novel nomogram for overall survival combining SLI and other risk factors showed a higher concordance index compared to a nomogram with TNM staging alone (0.783 vs 0.629, P < .001).ConclusionSLI is an independent prognostic factor for treatment outcomes in OTSCC. Incorporating SLI into a novel nomogram demonstrated improved predictive accuracy for post‐treatment outcomes.
Time‐Driven Activity‐Based Costing (TDABC) in Otolaryngology: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kim Eric K. , Liu Alice Q. , Abdulbaki Hasan , Tahir Peggy , Jiam Nicole T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveAccurately measuring the cost of a clinical process is critical to identifying ways to increase the value of a healthcare process. The objective of this study was to review time‐driven activity‐based costing (TDABC) in otolaryngology and to illustrate areas where value may be increased.Data SourcesPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and Business Source Complete from database inception to August 2024.Review MethodsIn accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, peer‐reviewed full‐length articles analyzing an otolaryngology care process with TDABC were included. Data collected included study characteristics, objectives, method of process mapping and costing, key study findings, subspecialty focus, and limitations.ResultsNine were included in the final review. Subspecialties consisted of pediatric otolaryngology (N = 4), head and neck surgery (N = 3), and rhinology (N = 2). The primary study aims were to reduce waste (N = 4), quantify cost (N = 4), evaluate the impact of a new intervention (N = 3), and identify quality improvement opportunities (N = 3). Most articles used input from involved personnel and/or direct observation to create process maps and reviewed institutional and/or public records to obtain cost information. TDABC was primarily used to study outpatient clinics or surgeries. Common limitations included limited generalizability, susceptibility to biases, and incomplete information.ConclusionThis scoping review demonstrated that TDABC can be a powerful and versatile tool for costing and identifying opportunities to increase the value of a care process in otolaryngology. Future costing studies can use TDABC to analyze care pathways in understudied otolaryngology subspecialties.
Using Postactivation Adjustment as a Marker for Inferior Outcomes in Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Patients
Authors: Corr Andrew , Sina Elliott M. , Creighton Erin , Bautista Nicolo , Chandna Megha , Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine differences in postoperative outcomes between patients requiring postactivation adjustment and those who do not, within a cohort of patients undergoing hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Study DesignRetrospective database analysis.SettingSingle‐institution, academic center.MethodsWe reviewed patients undergoing HGNS placement for OSA from January 2020 to December 2021. Adjustment visits were defined as any visit that occurred after the initial activation of the device but before postoperative sleep study, including modification of the HGNS device settings (stimulation voltage, configuration, pulse width, rate, start, and pause delay). Primary outcome measures included postoperative apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and O2 nadir collected via a sleep study. Secondary aims included identifying significant predictors of needing postactivation adjustment.ResultsOf 116 patients undergoing HGNS placement, 30 (25.6%) required postactivation adjustment. These patients had a higher average postoperative AHI of 21.3, compared to 12.5 in those who did not undergo adjustments (P = .002). Additionally, adjustment patients had a significantly lower postoperative O2 nadir (82% vs 85%; P = .009). A higher baseline body mass index was observed in patients requiring adjustments (29.4 vs 28.3; P = .047). Decreasing sleep latency and increasing total VOTE score on drug‐induced sleep endoscopy were significant predictors of needing postactivation adjustment (P = .046, .014).ConclusionPatients experiencing early postactivation HGNS intolerance, requiring device adjustment, have significantly poorer long‐term surgical sleep outcomes for OSA. Early identification of this cohort is crucial to optimizing treatment for those less responsive to HGNS therapy.