bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐operative colonic manometry in children with Hirschsprung disease: A systematic review
Authors: Evans‐Barns Hannah M. E. , Swannjo Justina , Trajanovska Misel , Safe Mark , Hutson John M. , Teague Warwick J. , Dinning Phil G. , King Sebastian K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA significant proportion of children experience bowel dysfunction (including constipation and fecal incontinence) following surgical repair of Hirschsprung disease (HD). Persistent symptoms are thought to relate to underlying colonic and/or anorectal dysmotility. Manometry may be used to investigate the gastrointestinal motility patterns of this population.PurposeTo (1) evaluate the colonic manometry equipment and protocols used in the assessment of the post‐operative HD population and (2) summarize the available evidence regarding colonic motility patterns in children with HD following surgical repair.Data SourcesWe performed a systematic review of the Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases (January 1, 1980 and March 9, 2020). Data were extracted independently by two authors.Study SelectionThis systematic review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). Studies reporting the post‐operative assessment of children with HD using colonic manometry were considered for inclusion.ResultsFive studies satisfied selection criteria, providing a combined total of 496 children. Of these, 184 children with repaired HD underwent colonic manometry. Studies assessed heterogeneous populations, utilized variable manometry equipment and protocols, and reported limited baseline symptom characteristics, thus restricting comparability. All studies used low‐resolution colonic manometry.ConclusionsThis systematic review highlighted the paucity of evidence informing the understanding of colonic dysmotility in the post‐operative HD cohort. Current literature is limited by variable methodologies, heterogeneous cohorts, and the lack of high‐resolution manometry.
Left ventricular lead placement using inner guiding catheter alone in cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation
Authors: Hayasaka Kazuto , Sasaki Takeshi , Akimoto Ko , Yabe Kento , Toya Chisashi , Yamashita Shu , Suzuki Masahito , Sugiyama Koji , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubselection inner catheters (Inner‐Cath) are used adjunctively with outer guiding catheters (Outer‐Cath) during cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device implantation. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of left ventricular lead placement (LV‐LP) guided by Inner‐Cath alone.MethodsA total of 74 patients undergoing de novo CRT implantation were investigated. LV‐LP was initially guided by Inner‐Cath in 42 patients (Inner‐Cath group) and Outer‐Cath in 32 patients (Outer‐Cath group). In the Inner‐Cath group, a 7Fr Inner‐Cath was advanced to the coronary sinus through a 7 Fr sheath inserted in a subclavian vein. In the Outer‐Cath group, 9Fr or 10Fr Outer‐Caths were used. Success rate of LV‐LP, additional use of inner or outer catheters and procedure‐related complications were compared between groups.ResultsLV‐LP was successful in all patients in the Inner‐Cath group, while LV‐LP had to be abandoned in two patients (6.3%) of the Outer‐Cath group due to CS perforation caused by Outer‐Cath manipulation. Procedure time was significantly shorter in the Inner‐Cath group (148 vs. 168 min; p = .024). Deployment of both an inner and outer cath became necessary less frequently for the Inner‐Cath group (4.8% vs. 56.3%; p < .001). Mechanical CS injuries due to guiding catheter manipulation were only observed in the Outer‐Cath group (0% vs. 15.6%, p = .013).ConclusionLV‐LP guided by Inner‐Cath alone was feasible in over 95% of the patients without severe complications. This methodology for LV‐LP may be preferable in CRT candidates with severe LV dysfunction in terms of shorter procedure time, smaller guiding sheath, and less procedure‐related complications.
An Appalachian population of neochoristoderes (Diapsida, Choristodera) elucidated using fossil evidence and ecological niche modelling
Authors: Dudgeon Thomas W. , Landry Zoe , Callahan Wayne R. , Mehling Carl M. , Ballwanz Steven 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFour neochoristoderan vertebral centra are described from the latest Cretaceous of New Jersey, USA. One specimen was recovered from the basal transgressive lag of the Navesink Formation in the area of Holmdel, New Jersey, and two others were recovered nearby and probably were derived from the same horizon. The fourth was recovered from the Marshalltown sequence in the vicinity of the Ellisdale Dinosaur Site. These vertebrae expand the geographical range of Late Cretaceous neochoristoderes in North America by over 2000 km further east, and represent the first neochoristoderan remains from the Atlantic coastal plain. To discern whether neochoristodere remains are to be expected in New Jersey, and elucidate why neochoristoderes are apparently so rare in Appalachia, we implemented ecological niche modelling to predict the range of suitable habitat for Champsosaurus, the only known genus of Late Cretaceous neochoristoderes. We found that in Appalachia, the ideal habitat of Champsosaurus probably existed slightly further north and west than the Atlantic coastal plain, and New Jersey is probably on or near the margin of this suitable habitat space. These results suggest that the occurrence of neochoristoderes in New Jersey is consistent with the habitat requirements of known Late Cretaceous neochoristoderes. These vertebrae may therefore represent the southern margin of a population of neochoristoderes that lived further inland, where latest Cretaceous sediments are not preserved. The continued recovery of material from Late Cretaceous deposits along the Atlantic coast, and review of existing collections, is encouraged to clarify the true distribution of neochoristoderes in Appalachia.
Current situation of children with disabilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Kamiya Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlobal child mortality has more than halved for the last three decades. Without a decrease in morbidity corresponding to that in mortality, this increased survival is likely to increase the number of children with disabilities, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). While population‐based data on children with disabilities have been scarce in LMICs, it is estimated that among 52.9 million children with disabilities under 5 years worldwide, 95% live in LMICs. Sequelae of postnatal disease continue to be the major cause of child disability in LMICs; however, disability is increasingly the result of perinatal conditions. The Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities promote the rights of children with disabilities, but limited resources in LMICs have prevented the translation of policies reflecting these Conventions into practice. Because health care for children with disabilities is limited in LMICs, most of them are cared for at home. This places heavy physical and mental burden on family caregivers and affects the allocation of time and financial resources in the family. Simple interventions can dramatically improve the clinical condition of disabled children and should be applied in care at home. Legally recognized members of society, children with disabilities remain excluded from public support. Disabled children must be empowered to overcome this inequity. This is the focus of the “Nothing About Us Without Us” campaign. Society, including professionals, can further redistribute power by “putting the first last” to empower individuals with disability.
Values, Partisan Interest, and the Voting Age: Lessons from Australia
Authors: Miragliotta Narelle , Murray Sarah , Drum Martin 
Published: July 2021

The decline in youth participation in elections has been an ongoing concern in Australia, in spite of the requirement for compulsory turnout. In 2018, and in response to these concerns, the Australian parliament debated an electoral amendment that would lower the national voting age to 16 years. The Bill, however, did not succeed even though two opposition parties—the Australian Labor Party and the Australian Greens—supported the reform and the Morrison Government accepted the premise that youth electoral disengagement was a troubling phenomenon. Drawing on veto player theory, this article examines how the legislative dynamics intersected with partisan self‐interest and party value priorities to undercut the case for lowering the voting age to 16. The Australian case highlights the ways in which latent ideological differences among parties can serve to divide them on the inclusiveness of franchise, and the democratic goals to be served by voting.Related ArticlesCormack, Lindsey. 2019. “Leveraging Peer‐to‐Peer Connections to Increase Voter Participation in Local Elections.” Politics & Policy 47 (2): 248‐266. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12297Fisher, Patrick. 2020. “Generational Replacement and the Impending Transformation of the American Electorate.” Politics & Policy 48 (1): 38‐68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12340Ike, Vivian. 2020. “The Impact of Veto Players on Incremental and Drastic Policy Making: Australia's Carbon tax Policy and its Repeal.” Politics & Policy 48 (2): 232‐264. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12346
Mobile capital, optimal tariff, and tariff war
Authors: Takatsuka Hajime , Zeng Dao‐Zhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing an intra‐industry trade model with mobile/immobile capital, we revisit the characteristics of optimal tariffs and tariff wars. In contrast to folk wisdom on optimal tariffs, we show that when capital is freely mobile across countries, smaller countries impose higher tariffs, and they can win tariff wars. This occurs because tariffs have a strong impact on output expansion. Even if capital import taxes are available, small countries can win tariff wars, although larger countries may apply higher tariff rates.
Generating Poisson-Distributed Differentially Private Synthetic Data
Authors: Quick Harrison 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The dissemination of synthetic data can be an effective means of making information from sensitive data publicly available with a reduced risk of disclosure. While mechanisms exist for synthesizing data that satisfy formal privacy guarantees, these mechanisms do not typically resemble the models an end-user might use to analyse the data. More recently, the use of methods from the disease mapping literature has been proposed to generate spatially referenced synthetic data with high utility but without formal privacy guarantees. The objective for this paper is to help bridge the gap between the disease mapping and the differential privacy literatures. In particular, we generalize an approach for generating differentially private synthetic data currently used by the US Census Bureau to the case of Poisson-distributed count data in a way that accommodates heterogeneity in population sizes and allows for the infusion of prior information regarding the underlying event rates. Following a pair of small simulation studies, we illustrate the utility of the synthetic data produced by this approach using publicly available, county-level heart disease-related death counts. This study demonstrates the benefits of the proposed approach’s flexibility with respect to heterogeneity in population sizes and event rates while motivating further research to improve its utility.
Xenophobia during the pandemic: A Lacanian perspective
Authors: Dempsey Owen Philip 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this article is: (a) to argue that the UK governments’ authoritarian response to the COVID‐19 pandemic is inciting a qualitative shift in discourse structures that are transforming xenophobia into a radically totalitarian force; and (b) to demonstrate that even ostensibly voluntarist libertarian discourse also creates conditions for the psyche that incite the same totalitarian xenophobic transformation. I use two approaches to the relation between authoritarianism and xenophobia in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK and the debates over the benefits and harms of ‘lockdowns’ (state‐enforced, legally binding restrictions on social interaction to reduce infection transmission). First, I use Lacanian theory in a socio‐cultural critique to explain the on‐going shift, during the pandemic, towards an increasingly totalitarian psyche, that is intensifying and transforming xenophobia. The anti‐democratic imposition of new laws induces agencies and civilians to over‐zealously report and punish violators. I present xenophobic activities that are signs of a developing totalitarian psyche that over‐represses and ultimately negates the humanity of the other and feels a duty to punish the ‘other’ as a moral good. Second, I use Lacanian discourse analysis to analyse an example of ostensibly libertarian anti‐lockdown discourse. The analysis disorganises and disentangles the underlying non‐sensical symbolic values and structure of words or signifiers. This reveals how these signifiers: (a) create discrete identities for social groups of ‘minority’ non‐sensible others; who are (b) blamed as the cause of harm to the sensible ‘majority’; and (c) function socially to effectively demand that the ‘minority’ groups isolate themselves, as if voluntarily, and are to be isolated, actually and metaphorically, by the xenophobic ‘majority’. The apparently liberal democratic discourse is shown to be performative of a totalitarian system of mastery and xenophobic attitudes and behaviours.
Washing transplants with Sepax 2 reduces the incidence of side effects associated with autologous transplantation and increases patients' comfort
Authors: Huvarová Lucie , Kořístek Zdeněk , Jelínek Tomáš , Černá Lucie , Smejkalová Jana , Navrátil Milan , Grebeníček Lukáš , Tvrdá Ivana , Michalíková Magda , Hájek Roman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is routinely used in various hematologic malignancies. However, dimethylsulfoxide contained in cryopreserved grafts can cause adverse events (AEs).Study design and methodsForty‐three ASCTs were performed with Sepax 2 washed grafts between 7/2016 and 10/2019. The aim of this study was to determine whether washing out dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from transplants using the Sepax 2 (S‐100) device is safe and reduces the incidence of DMSO‐associated AEs.ResultsThe washing procedure was automated and that resulted in the satisfactory recovery of total nucleated cells, CD34+ cells, and colony forming units of granulocyte and macrophages (85%, 80%, and 84%, medians). Time to engraftment of leukocytes, granulocytes, and platelets as well as the number of neutropenic days did not differ when compared to 20 consecutive ASCTs without washing. The AE occurrence was lower compared to unwashed grafts: 81% versus 78% during and shortly after grafts administration, 76% versus 69% in the following day.ConclusionWe conclude that the washing of cryopreserved transplants using Sepax 2 was feasible with a high recovery of hematopoietic cells, did not influence time to engraftment, and resulted in the satisfactory reduction of AEs and improved tolerance of the procedure.
Canine pedal papilloma identification and management: a retrospective series of 44 cases
Authors: Gould Alexandra P. , Coyner Kimberly S. , Trimmer Ann M. , Tater Kathy , Rishniw Mark 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPapillomavirus infections in dogs have a variety of manifestations and involve multiple viral genera. Canine pedal papillomas have been infrequently studied and reported in the literature.ObjectiveTo report the signalment, history, treatment and outcome of biopsy‐confirmed cases of canine pedal papillomatosis, collected from veterinarians across the United States and CanadaAnimalsMedical records from 44 dogs were submitted by North American veterinarians.Methods and materialsSurveys were submitted through the Veterinary Information Network for biopsy‐confirmed cases of canine pedal papillomatosis. Submissions included information on patient signalment, history, biopsy report, treatment and outcome.ResultsForty‐four cases were reviewed. The median age of presentation was four years old. Dogs most commonly presented with lameness and/or paw licking/chewing. Only one paw was affected in 35 cases, and front paws were more often affected than back paws. Twenty‐eight dogs presented with one mass. Histopathological evaluation documented 33 cases of noninverted papillomas and 11 cases of inverted papillomas. Thirty‐four papillomas resolved in total; 25 resolved within three weeks after biopsy collection. Twenty‐one dogs received no additional treatment and 15 of those cases resolved. Azithromycin was the most commonly reported treatment initiated after biopsy was collected.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe biological behaviour of canine pedal papillomas in this case series was similar to oral papillomas, and most lesions resolved with or without additional treatment. Further research is needed to better characterise the causative papillomavirus types and genera involved in the development of canine pedal papillomas.
Role of AMPA receptor desensitization in short term depression – lessons from retinogeniculate synapses
Authors: von Engelhardt Jakob 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRepetitive synapse activity induces various forms of short‐term plasticity. The role of presynaptic mechanisms such as residual Ca2+ and vesicle depletion in short‐term facilitation and short‐term depression is well established. On the other hand, the contribution of postsynaptic mechanisms such as receptor desensitization and saturation to short‐term plasticity is less well known and often ignored. In this review, I will describe short‐term plasticity in retinogeniculate synapses of relay neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) to exemplify the synaptic properties that facilitate the contribution of AMPA receptor desensitization to short‐term plasticity. These include high vesicle release probability, glutamate spillover and, importantly, slow recovery from desensitization of AMPA receptors. The latter is strongly regulated by the interaction of AMPA receptors with auxiliary proteins such as CKAMP44. Finally, I discuss the relevance of short‐term plasticity in retinogeniculate synapses for the processing of visual information by LGN relay neurons.
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Cost-Effectiveness and Resiliency Evaluation of Net-Zero Energy U.S. Residential Communities
Authors: Thompson Jordan , Krarti Moncef 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a resiliency analysis is carried out to assess the energy, economic, and power outage survivability benefits of efficient and net-zero energy communities. The analysis addresses the appropriate steps to designing an energy-efficient and net-zero energy community using Phoenix, Arizona, as a primary location for weather and utility inputs. A baseline home is established using International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) 2018 code requirements. Three occupancy levels are evaluated in BEopt to provide diversity in the community’s building stock. The loads from the baseline, energy-efficient optimum, and net-zero energy optimum single-family homes are utilized to determine energy use profiles for various residential community types using occupancy statistics for Phoenix. Then, REopt is used to determine the photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system sizes necessary for the community to survive a 72-hour power outage. The analysis results indicated that the baseline community requires a 544-kW PV system and 375-kW/1,564 kWh battery storage system to keep all electrical loads online during a 72-hour power outage. The energy-efficient community requires a 291-kW PV system and a 202-kW/820 kWh battery storage system while the net-zero energy community requires a 291-kW PV system and a 191-kW/880 kWh battery storage system. In this study, the economic analysis indicates that it is 31% more cost-effective to install a shared PV plus storage system than to install individual PV plus storage systems in an energy-efficient community. After analyzing the system sizes and costs required to survive various outage durations, it is found that only a 4% difference in net present cost exists between a system sized for a 24-hour outage and a 144-hour outage. In the event of a pandemic or an event that causes a community-wide lockdown, the energy-efficient community would only survive 6 h out of a 72-hour power outage during a time where plug loads are increased by 50% due to added laptops, monitors, and other office electronics. Finally, a climate sensitivity analysis is conducted for efficient communities in Naperville, Illinois, and Augusta, Maine. The analysis suggests that for a 72-hour power outage starting on the peak demand day and time of the year, the cost of resiliency is higher in climates with more heating and cooling needs as heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and cooling (HVAC) is consistently the largest load in a residential building.
Acceptance and commitment therapy meets peer-support. Development of a supportive self-care intervention for patients with rare diseases: a multistage development process
Authors: Depping Miriam K , Uhlenbusch Natalie , Löwe Bernd 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveWe aimed at developing a patient-centred self-help programme, tailored to the needs of patients with rare chronic diseases.DesignMultistage, multimethod development process including a survey with validated self-report scales and open-ended questions (phase 1) and focus groups (phase 2) for needs assessment and, consolidating the first phases and the literature, the intervention development (phase 3).SettingPhase 1: nationwide online survey in Germany, phase 2: four separate and diagnostically homogeneous focus groups. The focus groups took place at a university medical centre in Germany.ParticipantsTarget group were patients with rare diseases that occur at a prevalence <1:2000. Phase 1: n=300 participants with different rare diseases. Phase 2: Individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (n=4), primary sclerosing cholangitis (n=5), pulmonary arterial hypertension (n=4) and Marfan syndrome (n=5).ResultsThe central results of phases 1 and 2 were requests for more information about the disease and contact with other affected persons. Patients also expressed support needs in dealing with difficult emotions and identified acceptance of the disease as a turning point for quality of life. In phase 3, we identified acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) as a suitable therapeutic approach and determined details about implementation and execution of self-management programmes. A 6-week self-help concept led by peer counsellors was developed, which includes disease-specific information and ACT-based exercises.ConclusionBased on a multistage needs assessment, we developed a peer-guided self-help intervention for patients with rare chronic diseases. Combining self-management, peer-counselling and ACT may help living with a rare condition. Further research needs to test the programme’s efficacy.Trial registration numberISRCTN13738704.