bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the electrochemical reduction process and ORP effects in nitrate removal
Authors: Masoumbeigi Hossein , Gholami Foad , Yahyapour Seid Ali , Ghanizadeh Ghader 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNitrate contaminated water resources, a huge environmental problem for countries, including our own. This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of the electrochemical process for the removal of nitrate from the aqueous solution by direct and alternating current. Experiments were done by the Taguchi method, including electrode array, time exposure, voltage, pH, and the initial concentration of nitrate. Minitab 17 and SPSS 18 software were utilized to design and data analysis. In detail, the connection of the electrodes was monopolar, and the direct current (DC) has a greater efficiency as alternating current (AC) in the nitrate removal (p > 0.001). In AC, the nitrate initial concentration, voltage, electrodes material, contact time, and pH have the most effect on the nitrate removal. The optimized conditions for nitrate removal include Al‐Al electrode, pH of 7, a voltage of 30 V, and nitrate initial concentration of 100 mg/L with the contact of time 150 min. Selection of appropriate materials for electrodes construction, adequate voltage, and removal of intervention agents from aqueous solution led to greater removal efficiencies. The optimized conditions that can reduce the aqueous solution ORP with high speed and the electrochemical reactor efficiency for nitrate removal were increased.Practitioner Points
Electrochemichal (EC) process is evaluated for treatment of nitrate wastewater for the first time.
High removal efficiency (over 95%) from nitrate wastewater was obtained.
Minimizing energy consumption and maximizing nitrate removal were simultaneously achieved in the integrated single EC process.
Global regularity for the 2D Oldroyd‐B model with fractional dissipation
Authors: Xie Qianqian , Ye Zhuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the Cauchy problem for the two‐dimensional incompressible Oldroyd‐B model in the corotational case with fractional dissipation and , where . Our objective is to establish global regularity of the fractional Oldroyd‐B model with minimal amount of dissipation. The proof of the global regularity relies on the introduction of combined quantities, sharp lower bounds for the fractional dissipation, the De Giorgi‐Nash estimate and sharp upper bounds for the nonlinearities.
Impact of entropy optimized Darcy‐Forchheimer flow in MnZnFe2O4 and NiZnFe2O4 hybrid nanofluid towards a curved surface
Authors: Shah Faqir , Khan Sohail A. , Al‐Khaled Kamel , Khan M. Ijaz , Khan Sami Ullah , Shah Nehad Ali , Ali Rifaqat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe theme of this article is to scrutinize the entropy analysis for Darcy‐Forchheimer flow of hybrid nanoliquid towards a stretched curved surface. Manganese and nickel ( and ) zinc ferrites are taken as nanoparticles. Here engine oil () is used as base liquid. Dissipation and radiation effects in energy equation are incorporated. The basic modeling of entropy analysis is developed through second law of thermodynamics. The governing nonlinear partial system (PDEs) of the flow are converted to ordinary one (ODEs) through utilizing suitable variable. The resultant system is consequently solved through one of numerical method (ND‐solve method). Graphical illustrations of velocity field, thermal field and entropy rate versus dimensionless variables for both manganese and nickel zinc ferrites/engine oil nanoparticles are discussed. Computational results of Nusselt number and drag force for both and nanoparticles against flow parameters are studied in tabulated form. A reverse trend holds for velocity through curvature and porosity variables. Higher Forchheimer number diminishes the velocity profile. Larger approximation of radiation has similar effect on thermal field and entropy rate. Higher volume fraction enhances the entropy rate and velocity profile. An intensification in porosity variables rises entropy rate. An increment in drag force is noticed for volume fraction. Higher curvature variable improves the heat transfer rate.
Chaos in CFT dual to rotating BTZ
Authors: Craps Ben , Khetrapal Surbhi , Rabideau Charles 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We compute out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) in two-dimensional holographic conformal field theories (CFTs) with different left- and right-moving temperatures. Depending on whether the CFT lives on a spatial line or circle, the dual bulk geometry is a boosted BTZ black brane or a rotating BTZ black hole. In the case when the spatial direction is non-compact, we generalise a computation of Roberts and Stanford and show that to reproduce the correct bulk answer a maximal channel contribution needs to be selected when using the identity block approximation. We use the correspondence between global conformal blocks and geodesic Witten diagrams to extend our results to CFTs on a spatial circle.In [1] it was shown that the OTOC for a rotating BTZ black hole exhibits a periodic modulation about an average exponential decay with Lyapunov exponent 2π/β. In the extremal limit where the black hole is maximally rotating, it was shown in [2] that the OTOC exhibits an average cubic growth, on which is superposed a sawtooth pattern which has small periods of Lyapunov growth due to the non-zero temperature of left-movers in the dual CFT. Our computations explain these results from a dual CFT perspective.
Computerised tomography features of giant cell tumour of the knee are associated with local recurrence after extended curettage
Authors: Zhou Lenian , Zhu Hongyi , Lin Shanyi , Jin Hanqiang , Zhang Zhaoyuan , Dong Yang , Yang Qingcheng , Zhang Changqing , Yuan Ting 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Extended curettage has increasingly become the preferred treatment for giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB), but the high recurrence rate after curettage poses a major challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Computed tomography (CT) is valuable in the evaluation of GCTB. Our aim was to identify specific features of GCTB around the knee in pre-operative CT images that might have prognostic value for local recurrence.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from 124 patients with primary GCTB around the knee who underwent extended curettage from 2010 through 2019. We collected demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data along with several CT-derived tumour characteristics. CT-derived tumor characteristics included tumour size, the distance between the tumour edge and articular surface (DTA), and destruction of posterior cortical bone (DPC). Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to select which variables to enter into multivariate logistic regression models and to determine significant factors affecting recurrence.

Results
The total recurrence rate was 21.0% (26/124), and the average follow-up time was 69.5 ± 31.2 months (24–127 months). Age, DTA (< 2 mm), and DPC were significantly related to recurrence, as determined by multivariate logistic regression. The C-index of the final model was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.88), representing a good model for predicting recurrence.

Conclusion
Identifying certain features of GCTB around the knee on CT has prognostic value for patients treated with extended curettage. A three-factor model predicts tumour recurrence well after extended curettage.
HLA imputation and its application to genetic and molecular fine-mapping of the MHC region in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Naito Tatsuhiko , Okada Yukinori 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVariations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes in the major histocompatibility complex region (MHC) significantly affect the risk of various diseases, especially autoimmune diseases. Fine-mapping of causal variants in this region was challenging due to the difficulty in sequencing and its inapplicability to large cohorts. Thus, HLA imputation, a method to infer HLA types from regional single nucleotide polymorphisms, has been developed and has successfully contributed to MHC fine-mapping of various diseases. Different HLA imputation methods have been developed, each with its own advantages, and recent methods have been improved in terms of accuracy and computational performance. Additionally, advances in HLA reference panels by next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled higher resolution and a more reliable imputation, allowing a finer-grained evaluation of the association between sequence variations and disease risk. Risk-associated variants in the MHC region would affect disease susceptibility through complicated mechanisms including alterations in peripheral responses and central thymic selection of T cells. The cooperation of reliable HLA imputation methods, informative fine-mapping, and experimental validation of the functional significance of MHC variations would be essential for further understanding of the role of the MHC in the immunopathology of autoimmune diseases.
The impact of COVID-19 on surgical procedures in Japan: analysis of data from the National Clinical Database
Authors: Ikeda Norihiko , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Taketomi Akinobu , Hibi Taizo , Ono Minoru , Niikura Naoki , Sugitani Iwao , Isozumi Urara , Miyata Hiroaki , Nagano Hiroaki , Unno Michiaki , Kitagawa Yuko , Mori Masaki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and purpose
The spread of COVID-19 has restricted the delivery of standard medical care to surgical patients dramatically. Surgical triage is performed by considering the type of disease, its severity, the urgency for surgery, and the condition of the patient, in addition to the scale of infectious outbreaks in the region. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of surgical procedures performed and whether the effects were more prominent during certain periods of widespread infection and in the affected regions.

Methods
We selected 20 of the most common procedures from each surgical field and compared the weekly numbers of each operation performed in 2020 with the respective numbers in 2018 and 2019, as recorded in the National Clinical Database (NCD). The surgical status during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the relationship between surgical volume and the degree of regional infection were analyzed extensively.

Results
The rate of decline in surgery was at most 10–15%. Although the numbers of most oncological and cardiovascular procedures decreased in 2020, there was no significant change in the numbers of pancreaticoduodenectomy and aortic replacement procedures performed in the same period.

Conclusion
The numbers of most surgical procedures decreased in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the precise impact of surgical triage on decrease in detection of disease warrants further investigation.
Mathematical modeling of planar physically nonlinear inhomogeneous plates with rectangular cuts in the three-dimensional formulation
Authors: Krysko A. V. , Awrejcewicz J. , Bodyagina K. S. , Krysko V. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMathematical models of planar physically nonlinear inhomogeneous plates with rectangular cuts are constructed based on the three-dimensional (3D) theory of elasticity, the Mises plasticity criterion, and Birger’s method of variable parameters. The theory is developed for arbitrary deformation diagrams, boundary conditions, transverse loads, and material inhomogeneities. Additionally, inhomogeneities in the form of holes of any size and shape are considered. The finite element method is employed to solve the problem, and the convergence of this method is examined. Finally, based on numerical experiments, the influence of various inhomogeneities in the plates on their stress–strain states under the action of static mechanical loads is presented and discussed. Results show that these imbalances existing with the plate’s structure lead to increased plastic deformation.
Seismic loss assessment of seismically isolated buildings designed by the procedures of ASCE/SEI 7-16
Authors: Kitayama Shoma , Cilsalar Huseyin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the seismic loss assessment of seismically isolated and non-isolated buildings with steel moment or braced frames, designed by the seismic design standard of ASCE/SEI 7-16. The seismic loss is calculated from the damage to structural and non-structural components, as well as the demolition and the collapse of buildings. This study demonstrates that the expected annual losses for seismically isolated buildings are half or less than half of those calculated for non-isolated buildings. These losses depend on the types of seismic isolation systems and seismic force resisting systems used. Among the cases of isolated buildings studied in this paper, the most cost-effective systems are found to be the buildings designed by minimum strength requirement in ASCE/SEI 7-16 and with isolators which have displacement capacity 1.5 times larger than the minimum required in ASCE/SEI 7-16, in terms of expected annual losses. This study also compares the results obtained from different approaches of selection and scaling of ground motions. The following research finds that when Incremental Dynamic Analysis approach with far-field ground motion set in FEMA P695 is used, the computed expected total annual losses become doubled from the Conditional Spectra approach.
It is Not (Always) the Mismatch That Beats You—On the Relationship Between Interaction of Early and Recent Life Stress and Emotion Regulation, an fMRI Study
Authors: Sokołowski Andrzej , Folkierska-Żukowska Monika , Jednoróg Katarzyna , Wypych Marek , Dragan Wojciech Ł. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStress may impact the ability to effectively regulate emotions. To study the impact of stressful experiences in early and recent life on emotion regulation, we examined the relationship between early life stress, recent stress, and brain activation during cognitive reappraisal. We investigated two regulation goals: the decrease and increase of emotional response to both negative and positive stimuli. Furthermore, two models of stress consequences were examined: the cumulative and match/mismatch models. A total of 83 participants (Mage = 21.66) took part in the study. There was an interaction between cumulative stress and stimuli valence in the cuneus, superior lateral occipital cortex, superior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus extending to superior temporal gyrus, and precentral gyrus extending to supplementary motor area. Interaction between mismatched stress index and stimuli valence was found in the left hippocampus, left insula extending to the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala, and in a cluster including the anterior cingulate cortex, superior frontal gyrus, and frontal pole. Furthermore, there were differences between the effects of cumulative and mismatched stress indices on brain activation during reappraisal of positive but not negative stimuli. Results indicate that cumulative stress and match/mismatch approaches are both useful for explaining brain activation during reappraisal. This finding is important for our understanding of the multifaceted impact of stress on emotion regulation.
Master equations for Wigner functions with spontaneous collapse and their relation to thermodynamic irreversibility
Authors: te Vrugt Michael , Tóth Gyula I. , Wittkowski Raphael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWigner functions, allowing for a reformulation of quantum mechanics in phase space, are of central importance for the study of the quantum-classical transition. A full understanding of the quantum-classical transition, however, also requires an explanation for the absence of macroscopic superpositions to solve the quantum measurement problem. Stochastic reformulations of quantum mechanics based on spontaneous collapses of the wavefunction are a popular approach to this issue. In this article, we derive the dynamic equations for the four most important spontaneous collapse models—Ghirardi–Rimini–Weber (GRW) theory, continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, Diósi-Penrose model, and dissipative GRW model—in the Wigner framework. The resulting master equations are approximated by Fokker–Planck equations. Moreover, we use the phase-space form of GRW theory to test, via molecular dynamics simulations, David Albert’s suggestion that the stochasticity induced by spontaneous collapses is responsible for the emergence of thermodynamic irreversibility. The simulations show that, for initial conditions leading to anti-thermodynamic behavior in the classical case, GRW-type perturbations do not lead to thermodynamic behavior. Consequently, the GRW-based equilibration mechanism proposed by Albert is not observed.
Recessive NLRC4-Autoinflammatory Disease Reveals an Ulcerative Colitis Locus
Authors: Steiner Annemarie , Reygaerts Thomas , Pontillo Alessandra , Ceccherini Isabella , Moecking Jonas , Moghaddas Fiona , Davidson Sophia , Caroli Francesco , Grossi Alice , Castro Fabio Fernandes Morato , Kalil Jorge , Gohr Florian N. , Schmidt Florian I. , Bartok Eva , Zillinger Thomas , Hartmann Gunther , Geyer Matthias , Gattorno Marco , Mendonça Leonardo Oliveira , Masters Seth L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeNLRC4-associated autoinflammatory disease (NLRC4-AID) is an autosomal dominant condition presenting with a range of clinical manifestations which can include macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and severe enterocolitis. We now report the first homozygous mutation inNLRC4(c.478G > A, p.A160T) causing autoinflammatory disease with immune dysregulation and find that heterozygous carriers in the general population are at increased risk of developing ulcerative colitis.MethodsCirculating immune cells and inflammatory markers were profiled and historical clinical data interrogated. DNA was extracted and sequenced using standard procedures. Inflammasome activation assays for ASC speck formation, pyroptosis, and IL-1β/IL-18 secretion confirmed pathogenicity of the mutation in vitro. Genome-wide association of NLRC4 (A160T) with ulcerative colitis was examined using data from the IBD exomes portal.ResultsA 60-year-old Brazilian female patient was evaluated for recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation from six months of age. Episodes were characterized by recurrent low-grade fever, chills, oral ulceration, uveitis, arthralgia, and abdominal pain, followed by diarrhea with mucus and variable skin rash. High doses of corticosteroids were somewhat effective in controlling disease and anti-IL-1β therapy partially controlled symptoms. While on treatment, serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels remained elevated. Genetic investigations identified a homozygous mutation inNLRC4(A160T), inherited in a recessive fashion. Increased ASC speck formation and IL-1β/IL-18 secretion confirmed pathogenicity when NLRC4 (A160T) was analyzed in human cell lines. This allele is significantly enriched in patients with ulcerative colitis: OR 2.546 (95% 1.778–3.644),P = 0.01305.ConclusionNLRC4 (A160T) can either cause recessively inherited autoinflammation and immune dysregulation, or function as a heterozygous risk factor for the development of ulcerative colitis.
Statistical Mediation Analysis for Models with a Binary Mediator and a Binary Outcome: the Differences Between Causal and Traditional Mediation Analysis
Authors: Rijnhart Judith J. M. , Valente Matthew J. , Smyth Heather L. , MacKinnon David P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMediation analysis is an important statistical method in prevention research, as it can be used to determine effective intervention components. Traditional mediation analysis defines direct and indirect effects in terms of linear regression coefficients. It is unclear how these traditional effects are estimated in settings with binary variables. An important recent methodological advancement in the mediation analysis literature is the development of the causal mediation analysis framework. Causal mediation analysis defines causal effects as the difference between two potential outcomes. These definitions can be applied to any mediation model to estimate natural direct and indirect effects, including models with binary variables and an exposure–mediator interaction. This paper aims to clarify the similarities and differences between the causal and traditional effect estimates for mediation models with a binary mediator and a binary outcome. Causal and traditional mediation analyses were applied to an empirical example to demonstrate these similarities and differences. Causal and traditional mediation analysis provided similar controlled direct effect estimates, but different estimates of the natural direct effects, natural indirect effects, and total effect. Traditional mediation analysis methods do not generalize well to mediation models with binary variables, while the natural effect definitions can be applied to any mediation model. Causal mediation analysis is therefore the preferred method for the analysis of mediation models with binary variables.
Cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy vs external beam radiotherapy in high-risk Hispanic/Latino prostate cancer patients
Authors: Hoeh Benedikt , Hohenhorst Jan L. , Flammia Rocco , Horlemann Benedikt , Sorce Gabriele , Chierigo Francesco , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Graefen Markus , Gallucci Michele , Briganti Alberto , Terrone Carlo , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Kluth Luis A. , Becker Andreas , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To test for differences in cancer-specific mortality (CSM) rates in Hispanic/Latino prostate cancer patients according to treatment type, radical prostatectomy (RP) vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

Methods
Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2010–2016), we identified 2290 NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) high-risk (HR) Hispanic/Latino prostate cancer patients. Of those, 893 (39.0%) were treated with RP vs 1397 (61.0%) with EBRT. First, cumulative incidence plots and competing risks regression models tested for CSM differences after adjustment for other cause mortality (OCM). Second, cumulative incidence plots and competing risks regression models were refitted after 1:1 propensity score matching (according to age, PSA, biopsy Gleason score, cT-stage, cN-stage).

Results
In NCCN HR patients, 5-year CSM rates for RP vs EBRT were 2.4 vs 4.7%, yielding a multivariable hazard ratio of 0.37 (95% CI 0.19–0.73, p = 0.004) favoring RP. However, after propensity score matching, the hazard ratio of 0.54 was no longer statistically significant (95% CI 0.21–1.39, p = 0.2).

Conclusion
Without the use of strictest adjustment for population differences, NCCN high-risk Hispanic/Latino prostate cancer patients appear to benefit more of RP than EBRT. However, after strictest adjustment for baseline patient and tumor characteristics between RP and EBRT cohorts, the apparent CSM benefit of RP is no longer statistically significant. In consequence, in Hispanic/Latino NCCN high-risk patients, either treatment modality results in similar CSM outcome.