bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between parents' exposure to a multisectoral programme and infant and young child feeding practices in Nepal
Authors: Cunningham Kenda , Nagle Devin , Gupta Poonam , Adhikari Ramesh Prasad , Singh Sujata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Nepal, an at‐scale, multisectoral programme—Suaahara (2011–2023)—aims to improve nutrition behaviours. Suaahara II (2016–2023) transitioned from a mother/child dyad focus to explicitly targeting all family members. Evidence is scant, however, regarding how exposure by men to social and behaviour change interventions relates to nutrition outcomes. This study uses a 2019 cross‐sectional monitoring dataset to test associations between maternal and male household head exposure to Suaahara II interventions (interacting with a frontline worker, participating in a community event or listening to the Bhanchhin Aama radio programme) and adoption of three infant and young child feeding practices: minimum dietary diversity, minimum acceptable diet and sick child feeding, in households with a child under 2 years (n = 1827). Maternal exposure to Suaahara II had a positive association with minimum dietary diversity (OR: 1.71, 95% CI [1.27, 2.28], P < 0.001), minimum acceptable diet (OR: 1.60, 95% CI [1.19, 2.14], P = 0.002) and increased feeding to a sick child (OR: 2.11, 95% CI [1.41, 3.17], P < 0.001). Male household head exposure was only associated with increased feeding to a sick child (OR: 2.21, 95% CI [1.27, 3.84], P = 0.005). Among households with an exposed mother, having an exposed male household head nearly tripled the odds of appropriate sick child feeding (OR: 2.90, 95% CI [1.57, 5.34], P = 0.001) but was not significantly associated with the other two outcomes. These findings suggest that the relationships between exposure to nutrition programmes and outcomes are complex and further research is needed to understand variation by family member, behavioural outcome and context.
Father involvement, maternal depression and child nutritional outcomes in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Drysdale Roisin E. , Slemming Wiedaad , Makusha Tawanda , Richter Linda M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFather involvement in South Africa is low, despite evidence that it can improve maternal and child health and wellbeing. Within a larger randomised controlled trial, we assessed whether father involvement during and after pregnancy increased birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding through improved maternal mental health. At 6‐week postnatal, mothers completed questionnaires on birth, feeding practices, social support, father involvement and postnatal depression. Father involvement during pregnancy was measured by their attendance at antenatal care and the study intervention, whereas postnatal involvement was measured by attendance at antenatal care and type of paternal support provided. Structural equation modelling was used to identify associations between father involvement, maternal depression, low birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding. Among the 212 mother–baby pairs, father involvement was very low with only 43%, 33% and 1% of partners attending early ultrasound, antenatal care and the birth of the child, respectively. Twenty‐nine percent of the mothers showed signs of depression during pregnancy, compared with 7% after birth. Eighteen percent of the infants were born low birth weight, and 57% of mothers reported exclusively breastfeeding at 6 weeks. Father involvement was directly associated with postnatal depression, but it did not directly or indirectly impact exclusive breastfeeding or low birth weight. We conclude that postnatal father involvement can improve postnatal maternal depression and that men would benefit from specific guidance on how they can support mothers during and after pregnancy.
Perturbations in nitric oxide homeostasis promote Arabidopsis disease susceptibility towards Phytophthora parasitica
Authors: Cui Beimi , Ma Xiangren , Li Yuan , Zhou Yu , Ju Xiuyun , Hussain Adil , Umbreen Saima , Yuan Bo , Tabassum Anika , Lubega Jibril , Shan Weixing , Loake Gary J. , Pan Qiaona 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhytophthora species can infect hundreds of different plants, including many important crops, causing a number of agriculturally relevant diseases. A key feature of attempted pathogen infection is the rapid production of the redox active molecule nitric oxide (NO). However, the potential role(s) of NO in plant resistance against Phytophthora is relatively unexplored. Here we show that the level of NO accumulation is crucial for basal resistance in Arabidopsis against Phytophthora parasitica. Counterintuitively, both relatively low or relatively high NO accumulation leads to reduced resistance against P. parasitica. S‐nitrosylation, the addition of a NO group to a protein cysteine thiol to form an S‐nitrosothiol, is an important route for NO bioactivity and this process is regulated predominantly by S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1). Loss‐of‐function mutations in GSNOR1 disable both salicylic acid accumulation and associated signalling, and also the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to susceptibility towards P. parasitica. Significantly, we also demonstrate that secreted proteins from P. parasitica can inhibit Arabidopsis GSNOR1 activity.
BERM: a Belowground Ecosystem Resiliency Model for estimatingSpartina alterniflorabelowground biomass
Authors: O’Connell Jessica L. , Mishra Deepak R. , Alber Merryl , Byrd Kristin B. 
Published: July 2021

SummarySpatiotemporal patterns ofSpartina alterniflorabelowground biomass (BGB) are important for evaluating salt marsh resiliency. To solve this, we created the BERM (Belowground Ecosystem Resiliency Model), which estimates monthly BGB (30‐m spatial resolution) from freely available data such as Landsat‐8 and Daymet climate summaries.Our modeling framework relied on extreme gradient boosting, and used field observations from four Georgia salt marshes as ground‐truth data. Model predictors included estimated tidal inundation, elevation, leaf area index, foliar nitrogen, chlorophyll, surface temperature, phenology, and climate data. The final model included 33 variables, and the most important variables were elevation, vapor pressure from the previous four months, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the previous five months, and inundation.Root mean squared error for BGB from testing data was 313 g m−2(11% of the field data range), explained variance (R2) was 0.62–0.77. Testing data results were unbiased across BGB values and were positively correlated with ground‐truth data across all sites and years (r = 0.56–0.82 and 0.45–0.95, respectively).BERM can estimate BGB withinSpartina alterniflorasalt marshes where environmental parameters are within the training data range, and can be readily extended through a reproducible workflow. This provides a powerful approach for evaluating spatiotemporal BGB and associated ecosystem function.
There Are No Irrational Emotions
Authors: Gubka Steven 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFolk and philosophers alike argue whether particular emotions are rational. However, these debates presuppose that emotions are eligible for rationality. Drawing on examples of how we manage our own emotions through strategies such as taking medication, I argue that the general permissibility of such management demonstrates that emotions are ineligible for rationality. It follows that emotions are never irrational or rational. Because neither perception nor emotion is eligible for rationality, this reveals a significant epistemic continuity between them, lending support to perceptual views of emotion.
Culturally sensitive disaster nursing by Public health nurses in Japan
Authors: Marutani Miki , Harada Nahoko , Takase Kanae , Okuda Hiroko , Anzai Yukiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify culturally sensitive disaster nursing by public health nurses (PHNs) in Japan, an island nation located on the Pacific Rim, with regard to PHNs’ intentions and comforting supports for affected people.DesignQualitative descriptive study.SampleParticipants were 17 local PHNs and 13 affected people in nine disaster‐affected municipalities throughout Japan.MeasurementsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted between October 2018 and July 2019. Two types of categories were qualitatively created: categories for PHNs’ culturally sensitive disaster nursing actions, including their intentions; and categories for comforting supports that PHNs provided for affected people through the four phases of disaster. The relationship between these two types of categories was determined. Cultural factors were extracted from the culturally sensitive disaster nursing actions of PHNs and categorized.ResultsRegarding intentions, in the acute phase, PHNs utilized culture. In the sub‐acute phase, they utilized, acted based on, followed, thought of, and balanced cultural knowledge. In the mid‐term‐phase, they utilized, thought of, followed, and balanced with local culture. In the long‐term phase, they merged, thought of, balanced, utilized, and followed local cultural practices. The actions associated with these intentions corresponded to comforting supports for affected people. Cultural factors, such as transportation style, were obtained in each phase.ConclusionTo enhance the resilience of a community affected by disaster, PHNs should focus on maximizing, preserving, and accommodating culture to maintain familiar life patterns when people's circumstances are totally disrupted by powerful forces of nature.
Compliance, defiance, and the dependency trap: International Monetary Fund program interruptions and their impact on capital markets
Authors: Reinsberg Bernhard , Stubbs Thomas , Kentikelenis Alexander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe International Monetary Fund (IMF) is infamous for its structural adjustment programs, requiring countries to undertake policy reforms in exchange for loans. Yet, not only do countries routinely fail to implement these reforms, but they also frequently return to the IMF to start the process anew. What explains this compelling case of transnational regulatory ineffectiveness? We argue that countries are caught in a dependency trap: politically contentious policy prescriptions drive non‐compliance, triggering adverse market reactions that leave countries with few sources of financing beyond the IMF, leading to their eventual return to the doors of the organization for a fresh loan. Using new data on 763 IMF programs from 1980 to 2015, we initially demonstrate that the prevalence of market‐liberalizing structural reforms increases the likelihood of program interruptions. We then show that program interruptions undermine investor confidence and increase sovereign borrowing costs. Our study uncovers hitherto neglected relationships between the international institutions of regulatory capitalism, country compliance, and financial market responses.
Uncertainty, firm entry, and investment dynamics
Authors: Giannoulakis Stelios 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious macro‐ and micro‐level evidence indicate that fluctuations in idiosyncratic uncertainty have an important effect on investment, both directly and indirectly through financial market frictions. The objective of this paper was to explore, beyond the two traditional and complementary channels, a new one: firm entry. By utilizing a novel and large dataset on Greek firms covering the entire economy over the period 2000–2014 and employing a panel‐VAR methodology, we examine and evaluate the impact of shocks to the number of startups, idiosyncratic uncertainty, and financial conditions on the investment growth at the industry level. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, a shock to the number of new firms has significant effects on investment that persist for many years. Second, although all the three variables are important drivers of investment growth dynamics, uncertainty has the largest impact (explaining about the 15% of the variability of investment growth), firm creation follows (it explains about the 7%), while financial conditions have the smallest direct effect (explaining the 3.5%). Finally, we demonstrate that firm entry constitutes an important propagation mechanism for the transmission of uncertainty shocks in the investment growth trajectories.
Efficacy of biodegradable collagen matrix (Ologen®CM) in augmenting the success rate of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in canine glaucoma
Authors: Hong Won‐Gyun , Kim Joon‐Young , Lee Suk‐Jun , Jeong Soon‐wuk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo prospectively assess the efficacy of a biodegradable collagen matrix (ologen) in dogs with uncontrolled glaucoma receiving an Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implant.Animal studiedFive client‐owned dogs with glaucoma (five eyes).ProceduresFive eyes treated for uncontrolled glaucoma underwent AGV implantation with ologen. Ologen was placed on the AGV plate and tube with a scleral flap. Complete ophthalmological examinations were performed preoperatively and at 1 and 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks, and 1, 2, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Surgical outcomes were assessed based on the intraocular pressure (IOP), vision, frequency of anti‐glaucoma eye drops, and bleb morphology; complications, if any, were recorded. The number of dogs with an IOP <20 mmHg with or without topical medications were tabulated and compared to those with an IOP ≥20 mmHg or those requiring surgery to maintain the IOP at <20 mmHg.ResultsThe IOP significantly decreased from 47.00 ± 5.09 mmHg preoperatively to 17.00 ± 0.71 mmHg 6 months postoperatively (p = .008). IOP was controlled (<20 mmHg) in 5/5 dogs at 6 months postoperatively. Brief periods of elevated IOP (IOP ≥ 20 mmHg, IOP spike) occurred in one eye (case 5) at 1 month (35 mmHg) and 2 months (33 mmHg) postoperatively. The anti‐glaucoma eye drop frequency decreased from 3.2 ± 0.44 preoperatively to 1.6 ± 0.90 at 6 months postoperatively (p = .007).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the potential safety of AGV implantation with ologen for canine glaucoma. This method effectively controlled the IOP, without any adverse effects.
The effect of environmental and management factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Asian spiderflower (Cleome viscosa L.)
Authors: Akbari‐Gelvardi Atefe , Siahmarguee Asieh , Ghaderi‐Far Farshid , Gherekhloo Javid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAsian spiderflower (Cleome viscosa L.) is a fast‐growing herb found in humid and warm habitats of the Americas, Africa and Asia. It is one of the most important weeds of crop fields in Asia and Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the after‐ripening of Asian spiderflower seeds and evaluate its germination and emergence responses to various environmental (temperature, pH, salinity and water potential) and management (burial depth, flooding time and high temperature) factors. Mature seeds were collected from Kalaleh County, Iran, during October of 2015 and 2018. Seed germination increased over time and reached 77% after 209 days after‐ripening. Based on the segmented model, base and optimum temperatures for germination were 15.70–17.32°C and 31.89–34.11°C respectively. Asian spiderflower seed germination was sensitive to high levels of soil salinity and adapted to moderate‐drought conditions. Seeds germinated better at neutral and alkaline pH levels. Seedling emergence from seeds either left on the soil surface or buried at depths more than 4 cm was low, and the maximum emergence occurred in seeds buried at a depth of 1 cm. Flooding significantly reduced seedling emergence. The exposure of seeds to 82.18–87.59°C reduced seed germination by 50% and no germination occurred at 100°C. The results obtained from this study showed that several options are available for the integrated management of this weed.
Therapeutic benefits of proning to improve pulmonary gas exchange in severe respiratory failure: focus on fundamentals of physiology
Authors: Berg Ronan M. G. , Hartmann Jacob Peter , Iepsen Ulrik Winning , Christensen Regitse Højgaard , Ronit Andreas , Andreasen Anne Sofie , Bailey Damian M. , Mortensen Jann , Moseley Pope L. , Plovsing Ronni R. 
Published: July 2021

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
The use of proning for improving pulmonary gas exchange in critically ill patients.
What advances does it highlight?
Proning places the lung in its ‘natural’ posture, and thus optimises the ventilation‐perfusion distribution, which enables lung protective ventilation and the alleviation of potentially life‐threatening hypoxaemia in COVID‐19 and other types of critical illness with respiratory failure.
AbstractThe survival benefit of proning patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is well established and has recently been found to improve pulmonary gas exchange in patients with COVID‐19‐associated ARDS (CARDS). This review outlines the physiological implications of transitioning from supine to prone on alveolar ventilation‐perfusion () relationships during spontaneous breathing and during general anaesthesia in the healthy state, as well as during invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with ARDS and CARDS. Spontaneously breathing, awake healthy individuals maintain a small vertical (ventral‐to‐dorsal) ratio gradient in the supine position, which is largely neutralised in the prone position, mainly through redistribution of perfusion. In anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated healthy individuals, a vertical ratio gradient is present in both postures, but with better matching in the prone position. In ARDS and CARDS, the vertical ratio gradient in the supine position becomes larger, with intrapulmonary shunting in gravitationally dependent lung regions due to compression atelectasis of the dorsal lung. This is counteracted by proning, mainly through a more homogeneous distribution of ventilation combined with a largely unaffected high perfusion dorsally, and a consequent substantial improvement in arterial oxygenation. The data regarding proning as a therapy in patients with CARDS is still limited and whether the associated improvement in arterial oxygenation translates to a survival benefit remains unknown. Proning is nonetheless an attractive and lung protective manoeuvre with the potential benefit of improving life‐threatening hypoxaemia in patients with ARDS and CARDS.
“¡Es porque no le ponen onda!”: prácticas de comensalidad en la escuela
Authors: Fernández Silvina del Carmen 
Published: July 2021

Partiendo de una etnografía realizada en una escuela primaria estatal de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, abordaré la perspectiva de lxs niñxs sobre la comida y las prácticas de comensalidad en torno al comedor. Lxs niñxs aportaron ideas centrales para comprender los modos de comer en la escuela, tensionando elementos del sentido común y los modos habituales de estudiar la temática. Asimismo, sus perspectivas permitieron exponer lógicas organizativas de la alimentación escolar que no necesariamente priorizan una alimentación “adecuada”. De este modo analizaré la agencia y las formas de participación política de lxs niñxs en relación con la alimentación.
A Review of Fidelity of Implementation in Intervention Research Published in JTPE and RQES
Authors: Li Weidong , Ma Lian , Xiang Ping , Tang Yan 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review and evaluate the quality of fidelity of implementation (FOI) reported in experimental research in physical education pedagogy published in the Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport and the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education using a five-component conceptual framework. Methods: Thirty-five intervention studies were coded using a five-item FOI checklist with indicators. For each of the five items, frequencies and percentages were calculated. Results: Authors of intervention studies reported components of FOI including (a) 35 studies assessing program adherence, (b) eight studies assessing dosage/program durations, (c) 30 studies assessing program delivery quality, (d) eight studies assessing participant responses to program interventions, and (e) 19 studies assessing program differentiation. The most frequently reported FOI components were program adherence, program delivery quality, and program differentiation. Conclusions: Researchers have begun to realize the critical importance of FOI in intervention research. Most researchers selected certain FOI components to assess and report at their own discretion. Researchers may need to pay more attention to FOI. The five-component conceptual framework is one method for doing this assessment.
Gut microbiome heritability is nearly universal but environmentally contingent
Authors: Grieneisen Laura , Dasari Mauna , Gould Trevor J. , Björk Johannes R. , Grenier Jean-Christophe , Yotova Vania , Jansen David , Gottel Neil , Gordon Jacob B. , Learn Niki H. , Gesquiere Laurence R. , Wango Tim L. , Mututua Raphael S. , Warutere J. Kinyua , Siodi Long’ida , Gilbert Jack A. , Barreiro Luis B. , Alberts Susan C. , Tung Jenny , Archie Elizabeth A. , Blekhman Ran 
Published: July 2021

Baboons inform on human gut microbiotaCommensal bacteria are found throughout an organism, but it is not known whether associations between gut bacteria and their host are heritable. Grieneisenet al.examined changes in the microbiomes of 585 wild baboons from fecal samples collected over 14 years (see the Perspective by Cortes-Ortiz and Amato). Almost all microbiome traits tested demonstrated some level of statistically significant heritability. Most heritability values were low but varied over time correlating with the age of the host. Baboons live in an environment similar to that postulated for early humans and have a microbiome similar to that of humans. Thus, this heritability of the microbiome may reflect similar genetic determinants in humans, for which similar datasets are not available.Science, aba5483, this issue p.181; see also abj5287, p.159
Pierre Robin sequence causes position-dependent obstructive sleep apnoea in infants
Authors: Kukkola Hanna-Leena Kristiina , Vuola Pia , Seppä-Moilanen Maija , Salminen Päivi , Kirjavainen Turkka 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and feeding difficulties are key problems for Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) infants. OSA management varies between treatment centres. Sleep positioning represents the traditional OSA treatment, although its effectiveness remains insufficiently evaluated.DesignTo complete a polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation of effect of sleep position on OSA in PRS infants less than 3 months of age. We analysed a 10-year national reference centre dataset of 76 PRS infants. PSG was performed as daytime recordings for 67 in the supine, side and prone sleeping position when possible. In most cases, recording included one cycle of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in each position.ResultsOne-third of infants (9/76, 12%) had severe OSA needing treatment intervention prior to PSG. During PSG, OSA with an obstructive apnoea and hypopnoea index (OAHI) >5 per hour was noted in 82% (55/67) of infants. OSA was most severe in the supine and mildest in the side or in the prone positions. The median OAHI in the supine, side and prone positions were 31, 16 and 19 per hour of sleep (p=0.003). For 68% (52/67) of the infants, either no treatment or positional treatment alone was considered sufficient.ConclusionsThe incidence of OSA was 84% (64/76) including the nine infants with severe OSA diagnosed prior to PSG. For the most infants, the OSA was sleep position dependent. Our study results support the use of PSG in the evaluation of OSA and the use of sleep positioning as a part of OSA treatment.