bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report of oral mucosa garlic burn during COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak and role of teledentistry to manage oral health in an older adult woman
Authors: Muniz Isis de Araújo Ferreira , Campos Débora e Silva , Shinkai Rosemary Sadami Arai , Trindade Thiago Gomes da , Cosme‐Trindade Dúcia Caldas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 global pandemic and the uncertainty of an effective treatment protocol have resulted in fear and anxiety, which have increased the search for natural products to prevent the disease and to manage the symptoms.AimsTo discuss the negative effects of garlic used as a preventive measure against the novel coronavirus.Methods and resultsThis study reports a case of oral mucosa burn on the dorsal surface of the tongue in a 72‐year‐old woman. The patient was using raw garlic daily during the pandemic to improve her immunological system. She scheduled a dental appointment and was assessed by teledentistry due to the pandemic, in which a detailed anamnesis was carried out. The burned area and ulceration were identified by video call and photographs. The patient was instructed to cease the habit immediately and change to a soft and non‐acid/spicy/hot diet, which resulted in a great recovery 2 days later. She was monitored for 2 weeks until her tongue was completely healed.ConclusionThis case highlights the consequences of inappropriate use of natural product and how self‐treatment could negatively influence oral health. Additionally, it shows the importance of teledentistry for oral diagnosis and treatment during a pandemic.
Quantitative evaluation of groundwater and surface water interaction characteristics during a dry season
Authors: Jia Sida , Dai Zhenxue , Du Xinqiang , Meng Bo , Yang Zhijie , Lan Tianshan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe groundwater‐surface water interaction (GSI) is one of the key issues for the sustainable management of the ecological environment and agricultural production. This study developed an integrated approach combining hydrochemical data interpretation via multivariate statistics and stable isotope analysis for the quantitative evaluation of the GSI characteristics. Through field hydrogeological investigation and sampling, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) of water chemistry parameters and isotopic tracers have been conducted to identify the areas and properties of GSI across spatial scales. As the geological and hydrogeological conditions in the seasonal frozen area are complex and affected by human activities and winter freezing and thawing, the GSI in the dry season had obvious segmentation, and the GSIs were different on both sides of some reaches. The outcomes of Q‐mode HCA and PCA indicated that EC and redox conditions are the main identification factors of hydrochemistry of groundwater and GSI. The results from this study provided insightful information for us to understand the major impact factors of GSI, as well as the water resources distributions.
Prediction of Daily Photovoltaic Energy Production Using Weather Data and Regression
Authors: Sarper Hüseyin , Melnykov Igor , Martínez Lee Anne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents linear regression models to predict the daily energy production of three photovoltaic (PV) systems located in southeast Virginia. The prediction is based on daylight duration, sky index, average relative humidity, and the presence of fog or mist. No other daily weather report components were statistically significant. The proposed method is easy to implement, and it can be used in conjunction with other advanced methods in estimating any given future day’s energy production if weather prediction is available. Data from 2013 to 2015 were used in the model construction. Model validation was performed using newer (2016, 2017, 2020, and 2021) data not used in the model construction. Results show good prediction accuracy for a simple methodology, free of system parameters, that can be utilized by ordinary photovoltaic energy users. The majority of the data was collected at the Old Dominion University. The entire data set can be downloaded using the link provided.
Indoor Comfort Achieved Exclusively From Ambient Sources Across US Climates
Authors: Keith Sharp M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study tests the feasibility of a more climate-friendly approach to space conditioning. This new strategy (called Ambient House) employs thermal mass in conjunction with ambient sources of heat and cold to maintain indoor temperature within a comfortable range with no auxiliary energy. Buildings in 11 US climate zones were simulated as first-order systems with envelope losses, internal heat gains, solar gains, and heat rejection by natural ventilation. Building similitude parameters were adjusted to maintain indoor temperature within a range of 20–25 °C. Building performance is defined by two mathematical parameters. First, the asymptotic temperature difference, which is a ratio of solar and internal heat gains to envelope losses and ventilation cooling, also incorporates control functions for solar heating and ventilation cooling. Second, the building time constant is the ratio of thermal capacitance to envelope losses and ventilation cooling. Temperature response was compared with that of buildings with the same characteristics, except low thermal mass. Without auxiliary heating and cooling and without active controls, low mass buildings reached temperatures as low as −3 °C and over 70 °C. With controls, extreme temperatures were still −3 to 40 °C. The Ambient House comfort temperature range was achievable with thermal mass within or near that of conventional construction in all but the hot climates of Miami, New Orleans and Phoenix. In these locations, large thermal mass and high ventilation cooling were required. This study confirms that it is feasible to thermally condition spaces exclusively with ambient sources in all the US climate zones.
Effect of Working Conditions on the Lubricated Wear Behavior of Zn–40Al–2Cu–2Si Alloy in the As-Cast and T6 Heat-Treated States
Authors: Savaşkan Temel , Hekimoğlu Ali Paşa , Azaklı Zeki , Çalış Merve 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn order to determine the effect of working conditions on the lubricated wear behavior of Zn–40Al–2Cu–2Si alloy in the as-cast and T6 heat-treated states, its tribological properties were studied at different oil flowrates, contact pressures, and sliding speeds in comparison with SAE 660 bronze. It was observed that the friction coefficient, temperature, and wear volume of both materials decrease, but their average surface roughness increase with increasing oil flowrate. As the pressure increased, the friction coefficient and average surface roughness of the experimental materials decreased, but their temperature and wear volume increased. It was also found that the working temperature of these materials increased, but their wear volume showed a decrement and a subsequent increment with increasing sliding speed. In addition, their wear volume and average surface roughness showed opposite changes with the sliding speed. Zn–40Al–2Cu–2Si alloy in both as-cast and heat-treated conditions showed lower wear volume and friction coefficient than SAE 660 bronze. This indicates that Zn–40Al–2Cu–2Si alloy can be used to manufacture diesel engine crankshaft journal bearings.
Chapter 5: Physical Education Teacher Education Faculty: A Focus on Social Justice
Authors: Mitchell Murray F. , Sutherland Sue , Walton-Fisette Jennifer 
Published: May 2021

Neglecting to adapt physical education programs, or resisting and worse ignoring the changing needs of students has created an environment where the reproduction of inequities prevails. An examination of the role physical education teacher education faculty in the physical education system begins with consideration of eight key factors that influence their performance: (a) society, (b) higher education institutions, (c) PK–12 schools, (d) PK–12 and preservice student teachers (PST) students, (e) the purpose of physical education, (f) kinesiology, (g) professional associations, and (h) personal life circumstances. The authors draw attention to lessons learned and future directions tied to these eight influences. A critical reflection on social identity and how it influences practice is provided with suggestions on how to begin this work. Undertaking a program equity audit is discussed as a tool to highlight areas within physical education teacher education programs that influence socially just and equitable practice. Engaging in self-study (either individually, collaboratively, or programmatically) is suggested as a means to explore pedagogical practices or programmatic decisions that promote socially just and equitable physical education teacher education and physical education. Attention to policy engagement at the local, state, and national levels is noted as a potentially powerful contribution to change.
Novel disease-causing variant in RDH12 presenting with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Muthiah Manickam Nick , Kalitzeos Angelos , Oprych Kate , Singh Navjit , Georgiou Michalis , Wright Genevieve Ann , Robson Anthony G , Arno Gavin , Khan Kamron , Michaelides Michel 
Published: May 2021

AimTo describe the clinical and molecular features of a novel, autosomal dominant RDH12-retinopathy.MethodsRetrospective cross-sectional study. Twelve individuals from a four-generation British pedigree underwent ophthalmic examination, genotyping using next generation sequencing, including whole genome sequencing and multimodal retinal imaging including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), autofluorescence imaging and adaptive optics (AO) scanning light ophthalmoscopy were performed. Visual electrophysiology was performed in a subset.ResultsEight family members were confirmed as affected by genotyping heterozygous for RDH12 c.763delG. Visual acuity ranged from −0.1 to 0.2 logMAR. Affected individuals had constricted visual fields. A parafoveal and peripapillary ring of hyper-autofluorescence was seen initially, and with progression the area of perifoveal hypo-autofluorescence increased to involve the parafoveal area. Mild retinal thinning was identified on OCT imaging with reduction in both foveal total retinal and outer nuclear layer thickness. Cone densities along the temporal meridian were reduced in affected individuals compared with normative values at all temporal eccentricities studied. One individual with incomplete penetrance, was identified as clinically affected primarily on the basis of AO imaging. Full-field electroretinography demonstrated a rod-cone pattern of dysfunction and large-field pattern electroretinography identified peripheral macular dysfunction.ConclusionsThis novel heterozygous variant RDH12 c.763delG is associated with a rod-cone dystrophy with variable expression. Determination of the degree of penetrance may depend on the modality employed to phenotypically characterise an individual. This rare and specific heterozygous (dominant) variant is predicted to result in a gain of function, that causes disease in a gene typically associated with biallelic (recessive) variants.
New model to better diagnose dry eye disease integrating OCT corneal epithelial mapping
Authors: Edorh Norah A , El Maftouhi Adil , Djerada Zoubir , Arndt Carl , Denoyer Alexandre 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo optimise the objective diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED), the capabilities of wide corneal epithelial mapping using optical coherence tomography (OCT) were studied and subsequently integrated into a new scoring method.MethodsFifty-nine patients (118 eyes) with DED and 55 control subjects (110 eyes) were included. All patients underwent a complete ocular surface evaluation. Corneal epithelial thickness was collected using OCT for seven zones. DED and the control group were compared using a t-test, and univariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to define the diagnostic ability of OCT epithelial mapping. Multivariate analyses were performed using artificial intelligence (random forest) and logistic regression approaches to define the best way to integrate OCT mapping in the diagnosis of DED. Then, a final multivariable model for diagnosing DED was validated through a bootstrapping method.ResultsThe DED group had significant epithelial thinning compared with the controls, regardless of location. Superior intermediate epithelial thickness was the best marker for diagnosing DED using OCT (binormal estimated area under ROC: 0.87; best cut-off value: 50 µm thickness). The difference between the inferior and superior peripheral zones was the best marker for grading the severity of DED (analysis of variance, p=0.009). A multivariate approach identified other significant covariables which were integrated into a multivariate model to improve the sensitivity (86.4%) and specificity (91.7%) of this innovative diagnostic method.ConclusionIncluding OCT corneal epithelial mapping in a new diagnostic tool for DED could allow optimisation of the screening and staging of the disease in current practice as well as for clinical research purposes.
Economic and cost-effectiveness analysis of the Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) trials in India, Pakistan and Mozambique
Authors: Bone Jeffrey N , Khowaja Asif R , Vidler Marianne , Payne Beth A , Bellad Mrutyunjaya B , Goudar Shivaprasad S , Mallapur Ashalata A , Munguambe Khatia , Qureshi Rahat N , Sacoor Charfudin , Sevene Esperanca , Frederix Geert W J , Bhutta Zulfiqar A , Mitton Craig , Magee Laura A , von Dadelszen Peter 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) trials (NCT01911494) in India, Pakistan and Mozambique (February 2014–2017) involved community engagement and task sharing with community health workers for triage and initial treatment of pregnancy hypertension. Maternal and perinatal mortality was less frequent among women who received ≥8 CLIP contacts. The aim of this analysis was to assess the incremental costs and cost-effectiveness of the CLIP intervention overall in comparison to standard of care, and by PIERS (Pre-eclampsia Integrated Estimate of RiSk) On the Move (POM) mobile health application visit frequency.MethodsIncluded were all women enrolled in the three CLIP trials who had delivered with known outcomes by trial end. According to the number of POM-guided home contacts received (0, 1–3, 4–7, ≥8), costs were collected from annual budgets and spending receipts, with inclusion of family opportunity costs in Pakistan. A decision tree model was built to determine the cost-effectiveness of the intervention (vs usual care), based on the primary clinical endpoint of years of life lost (YLL) for mothers and infants. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was used to assess uncertainty in the cost and clinical outcomes.ResultsThe incremental per pregnancy cost of the intervention was US$12.66 (India), US$11.51 (Pakistan) and US$13.26 (Mozambique). As implemented, the intervention was not cost-effective due largely to minimal differences in YLL between arms. However, among women who received ≥8 CLIP contacts (four in Pakistan), the probability of health system and family (Pakistan) cost-effectiveness was ≥80% (all countries).ConclusionThe intervention was likely to be cost-effective for women receiving ≥8 contacts in Mozambique and India, and ≥4 in Pakistan, supporting WHO guidance on antenatal contact frequency.Trial registration numberNCT01911494.
Evaluating an enhanced quality improvement intervention in maternity units: PReCePT trial protocol
Authors: Edwards Hannah , Redaniel Maria Theresa , Opmeer Brent , Peters Tim , Margelyte Ruta , Sillero Rejon Carlos , Hollingworth William , Craggs Pippa , Hill Elizabeth , Redwood Sabi , Donovan Jenny , Luyt Karen 
Published: May 2021

The UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Preterm labour and birth guideline recommends use of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in deliveries below 30 weeks’ gestation to prevent cerebral palsy and other neurological problems associated with preterm delivery. Despite national guidance, the uptake of MgSO4administration in eligible women has been slow. National Health Service England has rolled out the PReCePT (PRevention of Cerebral Palsy in Pre-Term labour) quality improvement (QI) toolkit to increase uptake of MgSO4in preterm deliveries. The toolkit is designed to increase maternity staff knowledge about MgSO4and provides training and practical tools to help staff consider use in eligible women. The PReCePT trial compares the effectiveness of two different methods of implementing the QI toolkit (standard versus enhanced support). The standard support arm (control) receives the QI toolkit and regional-level support for a midwife/obstetric ‘champion’. The enhanced support arm (intervention) receives this plus additional clinical backfill funding and unit-level QI microcoaching. It is funded by The Health Foundation. This is a cluster randomised controlled trial designed to include 48 maternity units randomised (2:1 ratio) to standard or enhanced support. Units are eligible for inclusion if they have 10 or more preterm (<30 weeks’ gestation) deliveries annually and MgSO4uptake of 70% or less. Randomisation is stratified by previous level of MgSO4uptake. The QI intervention is implemented over 9 months. All units are followed up for a further 9 months. Blinding is not possible due to the nature of the intervention. The primary outcome is the proportion of MgSO4uptake among eligible women at follow-up, adjusting for uptake before implementation of the toolkit. The effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed using weighted linear regression on data from the National Neonatal Research Database. Semistructured qualitative staff interviews will inform understanding of the process and outcomes. Economic evaluation will describe total costs and cost-effectiveness.Trial registration numberSRCTN 40938673.
Survival models to support shared decision-making about advance care planning for people with advanced stage cystic fibrosis
Authors: Hajizadeh Negin , Zhang Meng , Akerman Meredith , Kohn Nina , Mathew Anna , Hadjiliadis Denis , Wang Janice , Lesser Martin L 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundFor people with advanced stage cystic fibrosis (CF), tailored survival estimates could facilitate preparation for decision-making in the event of acutely deteriorating respiratory function.MethodsWe used the US CF Foundation national database (2008–2013) to identify adult people with incident advanced stage CF (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) ≤45% predicted). Using the lasso method for variable selection, we divided the dataset into training and validation samples (2:1), and developed two multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to calculate probabilities of survival from baseline (T0 model), and from 1 year after (T12 model). We also performed Kaplan-Meier survival analyses.Results4752 people were included. For the T0 model, FEV1; insurance; non-invasive ventilation; supplemental oxygen;Burkholderiacolonisation; cirrhosis; depression; dialysis; current smoking; unclassifiable mutation class and cumulative CF exacerbations predicted increased mortality. Baseline transplant evaluation status of ‘accepted, on waiting list’ predicted decreased mortality. For the T12 model, interim decrease in FEV1 >10%, and pulmonary exacerbations additionally increased predicted mortality. Lung transplantation was associated with lower mortality. Of the 4752, 93.5%, 86.4%, 79.7% and 73.9% survived to 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively, without considering any confounding variables. The models had moderate predictive ability indicated by the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (0.787, 95% CI 0.769 to 0.794 for T0 model; and 0.779, 95% CI 0.767 to 0.797 for T12 model).ConclusionWe have developed models predicting survival in people with incident advanced stage CF, which can be reapplied over time to support shared decision-making about end-of-life treatment choices and lung transplantation. These estimates must be updated as data become available regarding long-term outcomes for people treated with CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators.
Searching for non-unitary neutrino oscillations in the present T2K and NO$$\nu $$A data
Authors: Miranda Luis Salvador , Pasquini Pedro , Rahaman Ushak , Razzaque Soebur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe mixing of three active neutrino flavors is parameterized by the unitary PMNS matrix. If there are more than three neutrino flavors and if the extra generations are heavy iso-singlets, the effective$$3\times 3$$3×3mixing matrix for the three active neutrinos will be non-unitary. We have analyzed the latest T2K and NO$$\nu $$νA data with the hypothesis of non-unitary mixing of the active neutrinos. We found that the 2019 NO$$\nu $$νA data slightly (at$$\sim 1\, \sigma $$∼1σCL) prefer the non-unitary mixing over unitary mixing. In fact, allowing the non-unitary mixing brings the NO$$\nu $$νA best-fit point in the$$\sin ^2{\theta _{23}}-\delta _{\mathrm {CP}}$$sin2θ23-δCPplane closer to the T2K best-fit point. The 2019 T2K data, on the other hand, cannot rule out any of the two mixing schemes. A combined analysis of the NO$$\nu $$νA and T2K 2019 data prefers the non-unitary mixing at$$1\, \sigma $$1σCL. We derive constraints on the non-unitary mixing parameters using the best-fit to the combined NO$$\nu $$νA and T2K data. These constraints are weaker than previously found. The latest 2020 data from both the experiments prefer non-unitarity over unitary mixing at$$1\, \sigma $$1σCL. The combined analysis prefers non-unitarity at$$2\, \sigma $$2σCL. The stronger tension, which exists between the latest 2020 data of the two experiments, also gets reduced with non-unitary analysis.
Charged throats in the Hořava–Lifshitz theory
Authors: Restuccia Alvaro , Tello-Ortiz Francisco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA spherically symmetric solution of the field equations of the Hořava–Lifshitz gravity–gauge vector interaction theory is obtained and analyzed. It describes a charged throat. The solution exists provided a restriction on the relation between the mass and charge is satisfied. The restriction reduces to the Reissner–Nordström one in the limit in which the coupling constants tend to the relativistic values of General Relativity. We introduce the correct charts to describe the solution across the entire manifold, including the throat connecting an asymptotic Minkowski space-time with a singular 3+1 dimensional manifold. The solution external to the throat on the asymptotically flat side tends to the Reissner–Nordström space-time at the limit when the coupling parameter, associated with the term in the low energy Hamiltonian that manifestly breaks the relativistic symmetry, tends to zero. Also, when the electric charge is taken to be zero the solution becomes the spherically symmetric and static solution of the Hořava–Lifshitz gravity.
Resolving XENON excess with decaying cold dark matter
Authors: Xu Shuai , Zheng Sibo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe propose a decaying cold dark matter model to explain the excess of electron recoil observed at the XENON1T experiment. In this scenario, the daughter dark matter from the parent dark matter decay easily obtains velocity large enough to saturate the peak of the electron recoil energy around 2.5 keV, and the observed signal rate can be fulfilled by the parent dark matter with a mass of order 10–200 MeV and a lifetime larger than the age of Universe. We verify that this model is consistent with experimental limits from dark matter detections, Cosmic microwave background and large scale structure experiments.