bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Ming-kori katonai víváselmélet leírása és elemzése a Jixiao Xinshu víváselméleti értekezései alapján
Authors: Somogyi Áron 
Published: January 2021

The famous 16th century military handbook, Jixiao Xinshu 紀效新書 contains the earliest known surviving treatises on fencing theory in the history of Chinese martial arts. The author, General Qi Jiguang 戚繼光, collected those teachings of fencing theory in the 10th and 12th chapters of the book, considering them necessary in the context of the military application of martial arts. The present paper introduces the difficulties of interpreting the concepts of fencing theory described in Jixiao Xinshu, with a special focus on the problems caused by inconsistent editing, then suggests an interpretational framework that makes it possible give a structured description and analysis of the concepts of fencing theory in Jixiao Xinshu. Finally, placing the sources in the mentioned framework, the paper examines Ming era military fencing theories in detail.
Yamaubamotívumok értelmezése a japán népmesékben és legendákban
Authors: Papp Melinda 
Published: January 2021

This article discusses popular yamauba motifs and themes in Japanese legends and folk tales. Yamauba, the Japanese witch, is one of the well-known figures of Japanese folklore. It belongs to the world of monsters and spirits called yōkai 妖怪 that inhabit Japanese myths and legends and that have been explained as personifications of supernatural phenomena originally venerated as deities. A close examination of yamauba motifs shows that yamauba, too, is linked with ancient beliefs regarding fertility and agricultural production as well as with the cult of sacred mountains. In its various appearances, the yamauba, like many other Japanese yōkai, is distinguished by a double character ranging from a fearful monster bringing misfortune to humans to a spirit bringing good luck to those who help her. An analysis of Japanese folk tales thus offers insights into the deeper layers of traditional Japanese folk culture and belief.
Szervezeti relációk a japán ipari vállalkozási kultúrában
Authors: Balogh Mónika 
Published: January 2021

The present article develops a practical operational view of Ruth Benedict’s shame and guilt culture concept as one of the attributes which might characterize the structure and operation of Japanese social groups. After giving a short overview of critical approaches to this concept, several norm-forming, normoperating and sanctioning practices are examined in relation to the aspect of shame and guilt reactions from the everyday lives of intercultural industrial organizations (companies) located in Hungary, featuring Japanese company cultural elements in their operation. The evaluation and analysis of several related phenomena are conducted on the basis of fieldwork, involving further sociological concepts such as relational subjectivism, kanjin 閑人, shikaku 資格 and ba 場, chū 忠 and kō 孝, giri 義理 and ninjō 人情, wa 和, amae 甘えand others.
How culture and society are communicatively constituted: A reflection on 40 years of linguistic anthropology
Authors: Gal Susan 
Published: January 2021

Susan Gal retrace son parcours de recherche, professeure à l’université de Chicago. Elle explique l’importance du tournant sémiotique au sein de l’anthropologie linguistique nord-américaine et la manière dont il a influencé ses propres travaux. Enfin, elle montre comment la lecture de Peirce a permis d’une part de revisiter l’approche corrélationniste de la variation langagière héritée de William Labov en envisageant cette dernière comme un processus dynamique, et d’autre part, de repenser l’étude du langage autour de trois axes de recherches principaux : la réflexivité langagière, les processus de différenciation sociale et linguistique, la question de l’articulation entre macro et micro.
Maîtriser l’école, instrumentaliser l’État ?
Authors: Barrault-Stella Lorenzo , Hugrée Cédric 
Published: January 2021

En prenant pour point de départ l’étude des relations à l’école, cet article aborde les rapports aux institutions administratives et politiques des groupes situés en haut de l’espace social en France. L’observation de la diversité des usages, à la fois symboliques et pratiques, des institutions étatiques dans les classes supérieures permet de restituer la consistance de leurs rapports à l’État. Par une mise en relation de matériaux statistiques représentatifs et d’une analyse qualitative permettant d’éclairer les processus en jeu, l’analyse montre d’abord l’emprise forte de l’institution scolaire sur l’ensemble des groupes sociaux. Mais elle éclaire aussi relationnellement la singularité des appréhensions de l’école dans les classes supérieures, faite de maîtrise, d’anticipations et de facilités d’arrangements aussi bien en situation routinière qu’en période d’incertitude. Au-delà de l’école, en suivant des enquêtés variés des classes supérieures sur les différentes scènes (scolaires, professionnelles, familiales, résidentielles, politiques) où ils sont susceptibles de faire l’expérience de l’État, cet article ouvre le chantier d’une analyse sociologique de l’économie des rapports à l’ordre institutionnel. Si le pôle économique et privé des classes supérieures semble caractérisé par des formes d’homogénéité relative évoquant un rapport défiant et instrumental à l’école comme aux autres institutions étatiques, une telle combinaison n’est pas généralisable à l’ensemble des régions supérieures de l’espace social : dans bien des cas, les dispositions à l’égard des institutions administratives et politiques composant l’État se révèlent plurielles et seulement partiellement transférables.
Do CDS Maturities Matter in the Evaluation of the Information Content of Regulatory Banking Stress Tests? Evidence from European and US Stress Tests
Authors: Agbodji Amavi S. S. , Nys Emmanuelle , Sauviat Alain 
Published: January 2021

Cet article interroge la seule utilisation des spreads de CDS d’une maturité de 5 ans dans l’analyse de la réponse du marché des CDS à la publication des résultats des stress test bancaires. Est-ce que l’étude de ces contrats CDS de 5 ans nous fournit toute l’information pertinente sur la réponse du marché des CDS ? En effet, puisqu’un stress test évalue le risque des banques testées à différents horizons, nous soupçonnons une différence dans la réponse du marché selon ces horizons. Notre étude empirique montre qu’après la publication des résultats des stress tests, le contenu informationnel apporté par les différentes maturités diffère. Par conséquent, la seule utilisation des CDS de 5 ans pour apprécier le risque bancaire n’est pas suffisante.
Common Sense in Reid’s Response to Scepticism
Authors: Rysiew Patrick 
Published: January 2021

Le sens commun est au cœur des conceptions épistémologiques de Thomas Reid. Pourtant, tout comme sa théorie positive, la réponse de Reid au scepticisme – ce qu’elle est censée établir et la manière dont elle le fait – est sujette à débat. Certes, dans la mesure où elle respecte et défend notre conception ordinaire de nous-mêmes comme détenteurs de connaissances provenant d’une variété de sources, toute réponse au scepticisme relève bien du « bon sens », compris au sens large. Reste que des commentateurs récents de Reid, de même que des penseurs contemporains s’inspirant de ses conceptions, s’opposent quant au rôle que pourrait jouer, s’il en a un, le sens commun dans la réponse de Reid au sceptique, et donc sur le fait de savoir si cette réponse peut bien être dite de « bon sens » d’une manière plus substantielle. Je soutiens que même ceux qui lui accordent une place dans la défense par Reid de nos conceptions épistémologiques préthéoriques sous-estiment l’importance qu’y a le sens commun tel que le conçoit Reid. En particulier, ils omettent le fait que, pour Reid, le sens commun a un aspect irréductiblement normatif et qu’une adhésion aux premiers principes du sens commun est, pour lui, une obligation minimale à laquelle doivent se soumettre le jugement et l’action rationnels, obligation à laquelle même le sceptique ne peut se soustraire.
Knowledge and attitude on complementary feeding practices among parents or main care givers of children aged less than sixmonths admitted to Paediatric wards at TH/Jaffna
Authors: Tharanitharan P. , Sathiadas M. G. 
Published: January 2021

Lack of knowledge is an important barrier of successful complementary feeding practice. Inadequate Information Education Communication (IEC) activities in hospitals and welfare clinics and attractiveness towards the ready to made commercial weaning foods are also contributors of failure. The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers or primary care givers regarding complementary feeding. An Institutional based descriptive study conducted in all three paediatric wards of Teaching Hospital Jaffna over a period of one year. A pretested questionnaire was administered to ascertain their knowledge, attitude and practices regarding complementary feeding. Various believes affecting their practices, knowledge on hygienic practices and feeding during illnesses was also assessed. A total of 302 mothers and primary care givers of children aged upto six months admitted to paediatric wards were recruited and 51.3% (n=155) were aware that complementary feeding (CF) had to be introduced at the end of six months. A total of 66 (21.9%) mothers had already started CF but only half of them (10.3%) followed a medical advice. Poor milk flow was the main reason for early CF without medical advice. Around 90% were aware of good hygienic practices while feeding the child. Mothers who strongly agreed to give extra meal for 2 weeks when the child recovered from acute illness and continued it for six months from the child started to gain weight when there was growth faltering were 1.7%(n=5) and 3.3%(n=10) respectively. Nearly 37 (12.3%) mothers strongly agreed that the child’s nutritional needs increased during the illness whereas 54% (n=163) strongly disagreed. Overall 22.8% (n=69) had good knowledge, 74.2% had average knowledge and 3% had poor knowledge about CF. Literacy level, economic status, type of family, marital status of the mother and the ability to read and understand the facts given in CHDR were significantly related (p<0.05) with the knowledge of mothers regarding complementary feeding. Awareness needs to be generated through IEC activities in hospitals and primary care level regarding the benefits and importance of timely complementary feeding.
Hormone receptor status, Her 2- neu amplification and their correlation with prognostic indices in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of breast in Jaffna
Authors: Rajendra S. 
Published: January 2021

Knowing the tumour biology can help to stratify patients for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR), amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her 2 neu), size and histological grading of tumour , axillary lymph node state and NPI ( Nottingham Prognostic Index) are well established parameters that have influence on prognosis and treatment of breast carcinoma. It is an institutional based retrospective cross sectional analytic study.181 female patients who underwent primary mastectomy and axillary clearance for invasive ductal carcinoma of breast in Teaching Hospital Jaffna from 2014 to 2018 were included in this study.ER/PR status and amplification of Her 2 neu in the infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast and the prognostic indices were recorded. SPSS was used for statistical analysis and correlation between the receptor status and prognostic indices were calculated using Spearman’s correlation, chi-square and Kruskal- Wallis tests. Of the 181 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of breast, 132 patients (72.9%) were above 45 years old. A total of 87 patients had ER + (48.1%), 76 had PR + (41.9%) and, 62 had Her 2-neu + (34.3%). The mean ages of patients with expression of ER, PR and Her 2-neu amplification were 56.43, 54.36 and 52.95 years respectively. Triple negative tumour was found in 38 patients (21%). NPI 1 indicating good prognosis, NPI 2 with moderate and NPI 3 with poor prognostic categories were seen in 57 (31.5%), 74 (40.9%) and 50 (27.6%) patients respectively. Stage T2 sized tumour was identified in 88 patients (48.6%).A total of 110 patients (60.8%) had grade 2 tumours. 89 patients (49.1%) had axillary lymph node involvement. Statistically significant correlation was found between the expression of ER and PR (Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.136, p value < 0.0001). Statistically significant inverse correlation existed between the expression of hormone receptors (ER&PR) and Her 2-neu amplification (chi square=12.93, p value < 0.0001). Kruskal-Wallis test revealed statistically significant association between the expression of ER and the favourable NPI groups and also with low grade tumours ((p value 0.046 and 0.006) and a statistically significant association between Her2-nue amplification and axillary lymph node involvement (p value = 0.0001).
Prevalence and influencing factors of BMI and effect of school based intervention among the Grade 8 Schoolchildren in Jaffna district
Authors: Surenthirakumaran R. , Coonghe P. A. D. , Kumaran S. 
Published: January 2021

Overweight and obesity are becoming a global issue. In contrast, children living in developing countries like Sri Lanka are having problems with wasting . Understanding the status of wasting, overweight and obesity and underlying factors may help to address the issue. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of wasting, overweight and obesity and the underlying socio-demographic and school-related correlate and effect pf school-level intervention to manage wasting, overweight and or obesity among Sri Lankan school children A school based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 836 students aged between 13-15 years studying at government schools in Jaffna district from June 2016 to November 2017. Anthropometric measurements obtained using electronic height weight machine with the precision of the instrument for height is ≤±0.1cm, and for weight is ≤±0.1kg, and the Body Mass Index (BMI) for age calculated and compared with WHO (2007) standards. Chi-square analyses performed, and odds ratios calculated in SPSS 21. ResultsSlightly males students (51.4%) were more than the female students. Majority of the students were Hindus (91.1%), and living with both parents (87.2%). The prevalence of wasting, overweight and obesity was 38.6%, 6.8% and 2.4% respectively. Having abnormal BMI was not significantly affected the participation in extracurricular activities. High prevalence of abnormal BMI observed, and none of the school-level interventions for abnormal BMI were not useful. Hence, periodical assessment and monitoring of the school-based program might improve the outcome.
Histopathological study of cervical lesions: a hospital based study in teaching hospital Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
Authors: Thirukumar M. , Ahilan S. 
Published: January 2021

The uterine cervix is prone for infections and malignancies. The cervical cancer is fourth most common cancer in the world and second common female cancer in Sri Lanka. This hospital based retrospective study was done on 586 cervical specimens. This study was aimed for the histomorphology patterns of cervical lesions. Results; There were 10.2% malignant cases and 68.90% were non-neoplastic cervical specimens. Majority of the non- neoplastic cervical lesions were inflammation and polyp, constitute 37.2% and 17.7% of the total study samples. Majority of patients with cervical carcinoma (36.5%) presented with blood-stained, whitish per vaginal discharge and it is followed by (32.7%) abnormal uterine bleeding. The peak age incidence of cervical cancer was 50-59 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was by far the most common histological type accounting for 84.6%, followed by adenocarcinoma 11.5%. Squamous cell cervical carcinoma classified according to Broder’s grading system into well, moderately and poorly differentiated at the time of initial diagnosis and constituting cases as 20%, 71.1% and 8.9% respectively. The chronic nonspecific cervicitis was the most common inflammatory lesion constituting 86.2% of nonneoplastic cases. The main presenting complaints of blood-stained vaginal discharge or abnormal uterine bleeding, especially in the age group of 50-59 years, should be investigated to exclude malignancy. Public health education should be intensified to encourage early health seeking behavior in order to diagnose cervical malignancy at an early age especially when they have clinical symptoms of blood-stained vaginal discharge or abnormal uterine bleeding.
Bee stings an unusual cause of severe rhabdomyolysis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Seelarathna R. M. M. , Navakumaran M. , Kumanan T. 
Published: January 2021

Wasp and bee stings are common among the rural population of Sri Lanka. It is known to cause local reaction and rarely anaphylaxis. Bee sting associated rhabdomyolysis leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) is a rare complication and was not reported from Northern Sri Lanka. This case report illustrates a patient who developed rhabdomyolysis following multiple bee stings and made a complete clinical recovery with prompt and optimal supportive care.
A prospective clinical audit evaluating the incision angle at mediolateral episiotomy for vaginal delivery
Authors: Patabendige M. , Gobi U. , Jayawardane A. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Increasingly, the angle at which the episiotomy is performed has come under scrutiny. The current recommendation is that because of distortion of the anatomy at crowning of the head, the incision should be at an angle of at least 60° from the midline to ensure that a post-delivery angle of 43° is achieved. Method: A prospective clinical audit was performed in Castle Street Hospital for Women, Colombo, Sri Lanka, evaluating the post-delivery angle after suturing of episiotomy in a sample of consecutive vaginally delivered women. The angle after repair was defined as the angle formed by the suture line and the midline is measured at the end of the suturing. OASI Care Bundle, recently developed by the RCOG was used as the gold standard reference. Results: A total of 105 consecutive vaginal deliveries with mediolateral episiotomy were evaluated. Mean age (SD) was 27.9 (6.0) years. Mean gestational age (SD) was 39.3 (1.7) and mean birthweight (SD) was 3.0 (0.5) kg. There were 97 (92.4%) spontaneous vaginal deliveries and 21 (20.0%) were diabetic. Majority, 48 (45.7%) had their first delivery. There were 6 (5.7%) third degree perineal tears and 24 (22.9%) had additional second degree perineal tears. Out of 105, 91 (86.7%) women had post-delivery angle of less than 45° and 33 (31.4%) of them were less than 30°. Only 14 (13.3%) episiotomies were having the correct post-delivery angle (45°). Majority (55.2%) had not been started from the midline. Conclusion: Current practice of incision angle at medio-lateral episiotomy is not satisfactory. Training using ‘Episiotomy angle-cutter demonstrator’ in the OASI Care Bundle has been planned before the re-audit.
Economic Inequality in Unmet Refractive Error Need in Deprived Rural Population of Iran
Authors: Yekta Abbasali , Hashemi Hassan , Pakzad Reza , Aghamirsalim Mohamadreza , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Doostdar Asgar , Khoshhal Fahimeh , Khabazkhoob Mehdi 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To determine economic inequality in unmet refractive error (RE) need and its determinants in deprived rural population of Iran.

Methods:
In this population-based study, two villages were randomly selected from among underserved villages of Iran. After selecting the participants, optometric examinations, including uncorrected and corrected visual acuity and subjective and manifest refraction, were done for all the participants. Then, unmet need for glasses was determined. Concentration index (C) was used to assess inequality, and Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method was applied to decompose the gap between the two groups based on the determinants.

Results:
Of 3851 samples, 3314 participated in the study (response rate = 86.05%). The data of 3255 participants were used for analysis. The value of C and 95% confidence interval (CI) was −0.088 (−0.157 to −0.020), indicating a pro-poor inequality in unmet need. The prevalence (95% CI) of unmet need was 11.74% (9.25–14.22) in the poor and 6.51% (4.96–8.06) in the rich, with a gap of about 5% in favor of the rich (P < 0.001). A marked percentage of the gap was due to the explained portion (b = 5.73; P = 0.031). In the explained portion, the variable of economic status (b = 3.48; P = 0.004) and myopia (b = 0.88; P = 0.031) caused inequality in favor of the rich and against the poor, respectively. In the unexplained portion (b = −0.51; P = 0.372), the variables of education (P = 0.002) and place (P = 0.001) had statistically significant effects on inequality.

Conclusions:
There is a significant pro-poor economic inequality in the prevalence of unmet need in rural areas of Iran. Although part of this inequality is related to variables such as education and myopia, a major portion (two thirds) of this inequality may be due to the direct effect of economic inequality.
Intravitreal Injections of Bevacizumab Plus Methotrexate Versus Bevacizumab Alone for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Fazel Farhad , Oliya Behrooz , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Fazel Mohammadreza , Yadegarfar Ghasem , Pourazizi Mohsen 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) combined with intravitreal methotrexate (IVM) in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods:
In this prospective, interventional contralateral eye study, patients with bilateral DME were randomly allocated to receive three monthly injections of IVB (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) plus IVM (400 μg; 0.16 cc) or IVB alone. The outcome measure was changes in the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and central macular volume (CMV).

Results:
Thirty-six treatment-naive eyes of 18 patients with a mean age of 62.38 ± 6.2 years were included in the study. BCVA logMAR changed from 0.95 ± 0.53 at baseline to 0.75 ± 0.53 in the combination group and from 0.72 ± 0.57 to 0.49 ± 0.50 in the IVB alone group at 1 month after the 3rd injection. BCVA improvement in both groups was not statistically significant compared with the baseline value (P > 0.99). Compared with the baseline values, mean CMT and CMV were reduced in both groups; however, these changes did not reach a significant level. The differences of CMT changes between the groups were not statistically significant at month 1 (P = 0.82), month 2 (P = 0.21), and month 3 (P = 0.10). Furthermore, the differences of CMV changes between the groups were not statistically significant at month 1 (P = 0.76), month 2 (P = 0.82), and month 3 (P = 0.11).

Conclusions:
This pilot study demonstrated no significant therapeutic effects for IVB combined with IVM compared to IVB alone in treatment-naive DME patients over a 3-month course.