bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of colchicine in patients with coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bytyçi Ibadete , Bajraktari Gani , Penson Peter E. , Henein Michael Y. , Banach Maciej ,   the Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta‐Analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group,   the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP)
Published: August 2021

AimsInflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. Randomized controlled trials have investigated the potential benefit of colchicine in reducing cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) but produced conflicting results. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of colchicine in patients with CAD.MethodsWe systematically searched selected electronic databases from inception until 10 December 2020. Primary clinical endpoints were: major adverse cardiac events; all‐cause mortality; CV mortality; recurrent myocardial infarction; stroke; hospitalization; and adverse medication effects. Secondary endpoints were short‐term effect of colchicine on inflammatory markers.ResultsTwelve randomized controlled trials with a total of 13 073 patients with CAD (colchicine n = 6351 and placebo n = 6722) were included in the meta‐analysis. At mean follow‐up of 22.5 months, the colchicine group had lower risk of major adverse cardiac events (6.20 vs. 8.87%; P < .001), recurrent myocardial infarction (3.41 vs. 4.41%; P = .005), stroke (0.40 vs. 0.90%; P = .002) and hospitalization due to CV events (0.90 vs. 2.87%; P = .02) compared to the control group. The 2 patient groups had similar risk for all‐cause mortality (2.08 vs. 1.88%; P = .82) and CV mortality (0.71 vs. 1.01%; P = .38). Colchicine significantly reduced high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (−4.25, P = .001) compared to controls but did not significantly affect interleukin (IL)‐β1 and IL‐18 levels.ConclusionColchicine reduced CV events and inflammatory markers, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and IL‐6, in patients with coronary disease compared to controls. Its impact on cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality requires further investigation.
Increase in anticholinergic burden from 1990 to 2015: Age‐period‐cohort analysis in UK biobank
Authors: Mur Jure , Cox Simon R. , Marioni Riccardo E. , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela , Russ Tom C. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe use of prescription drugs with anticholinergic properties has been associated with multiple negative health outcomes in older people. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that associated adverse effects may occur even decades after stopping anticholinergic use. Despite the implicated importance of examining longitudinal patterns of anticholinergic prescribing for different age groups, few such data are available.MethodsWe performed an age‐period‐cohort (APC) analysis to study trends in an aggregate measure of anticholinergic burden between the years 1990 and 2015, utilising data from >220 000 UK Biobank participants with linked prescription data from primary care.ResultsAnticholinergic burden in the sample increased up to 9‐fold over 25 years and was observed for both period and age effects across most classes of drugs. The greatest increase was seen in the prescribing of antidepressants. Female sex, lower education and greater deprivation were associated with greater anticholinergic burden.ConclusionsThe increase in anticholinergic prescribing is mostly due to an increase in polypharmacy and is attributable to both ageing of participants and period‐related changes in prescribing practices. Research is needed to clarify the implications of rising anticholinergic use for public health and to contextualise this rise in light of other relevant prescribing practices.
Autonomy rights and abortion after the point of viability
Authors: Hine Kristen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt has been argued that Thomson's defense of abortion, if successful, implies that abortion is permissible only until the point of viability. After that point, if one wanted to end a pregnancy, one must do so by birthing the fetus through induction or cesarean. In this paper, I argue that Thomson's defense of abortion does, in fact, imply that abortion after the point of viability is sometimes permissible. To show this, I point out that the process of birthing a fetus makes use of the body of the pregnant person in significant ways. Indeed, the body of the pregnant person is as much a part of this process as it is a part of the process of carrying a fetus during pregnancy. Thus, just as it is sometimes morally permissible to choose to have an abortion rather than continue a pregnancy, it is sometimes morally permissible to choose to have an abortion rather than undergo an induction or cesarean. Those who support Thomson's defense of abortion, then, have reason not to support the view that induction or cesarean are the only permissible procedures for ending an unwanted pregnancy with a viable fetus. I then use this discussion to suggest that autonomy rights are more complicated than initially thought. Given the extent to which the body is involved in detaching the fetus, it is not merely that one has a right to detach a fetus, but also a right to actualize one's reasonable preferences over the method of detachment.
Human disease clinical treatment network for the elderly: analysis of the medicare inpatient length of stay and readmission data
Authors: Mei Hao , Jia Ruofan , Qiao Guanzhong , Lin Zhenqiu , Ma Shuangge 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClinical treatment outcomes are the quality and cost targets that health‐care providers aim to improve. Most existing outcome analysis focuses on a single disease or all diseases combined. Motivated by the success of molecular and phenotypic human disease networks (HDNs), this article develops a clinical treatment network that describes the interconnections among diseases in terms of inpatient length of stay (LOS) and readmission. Here one node represents one disease, and two nodes are linked with an edge if their LOS and number of readmissions are conditionally dependent. This is the very first HDN that jointly analyzes multiple clinical treatment outcomes at the pan‐disease level. To accommodate the unique data characteristics, we propose a modeling approach based on two‐part generalized linear models and estimation based on penalized integrative analysis. Analysis is conducted on the Medicare inpatient data of 100,000 randomly selected subjects for the period of January 2010 to December 2018. The resulted network has 1008 edges for 106 nodes. We analyze key network properties including connectivity, module/hub, and temporal variation. The findings are biomedically sensible. For example, high connectivity and hub conditions, such as disorders of lipid metabolism and essential hypertension, are identified. There are also findings that are less/not investigated in the literature. Overall, this study can provide additional insight into diseases' properties and their interconnections and assist more efficient disease management and health‐care resources allocation.
Biological and small molecule strategies in migraine therapy with relation to the calcitonin gene‐related peptide family of peptides
Authors: Edvinsson Lars , Edvinsson Jacob C. A. , Haanes Kristian A. 
Published: August 2021

Migraine is one of the most common of neurological disorders with a global prevalence of up to 15%. One in five migraineurs have frequent episodic or chronic migraine requiring prophylactic treatment. In recent years, specific pharmacological treatments targeting calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) signalling molecules have provided safe and effective treatments, monoclonal antibodies for prophylaxis and gepants for acute therapy. Albeit beneficial, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of these new drugs to better understand migraine pathophysiology and improve therapy. Here, we describe current views on the role of the CGRP family of peptides ‐ CGRP, calcitonin, adrenomedullin, amylin ‐ and their receptors in the trigeminovascular system. All these molecules are present within the trigeminovascular system but differ in expression and localization. It is likely that they have different roles, which can be utilized in providing additional drug targets.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Migraine and Headache Therapy (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.3/issuetoc
Natural anthraquinone compound emodin as a novel inhibitor of aurora A kinase: A pilot study
Authors: Wu Fen‐Lan , Chu Pei‐Yi , Chen Guan‐Yu , Wang Ke , Hsu Wei‐Yu , Ahmed Azaj , Ma Wen‐Lung , Cheng Wei‐Chung , Wu Yang‐Chang , Yang Juan‐Cheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAurora kinase A (AURKA) carries out an essential role in proliferation and involves in cisplatin resistance in various cancer cells. Overexpression of AURKA is associated with the poor prognosis of cancer patients. Thus, AURKA has been considered as a target for cancer therapy. Developing AURKA inhibitors became an important issue in cancer therapy. A natural compound emodin mainly extracted from rhubarbs possesses anti‐cancer properties. However, the effect of emodin on AURKA has never been investigated. In the present study, molecular docking analysis indicated that emodin interacts with AURKA protein active site. We also found nine emodin analogues from Key Organic database by using ChemBioFinder software. Among that, one analogue 8L‐902 showed a similar anti‐cancer effect as emodin. The bindings of emodin and 8L‐902 on AURKA protein were confirmed by cellular thermal shift assay. Furthermore, emodin inhibited the AURKA kinase activity in vitro and enhanced the cisplatin‐DNA adduct level in a resistant ovarian cancer cell line. It seems that emodin may have the potential to inhibit cancer cell growth and enhance cisplatin therapy in cancer with resistance. Collectively, our finding reveals a novel AURKA inhibitor, emodin, which may be vulnerable to ovarian cancer therapy in the future.
Exploring a New Museum Architectural Typology in Doha: From a Heritage Building to a Contemporary Art Museum
Authors: Park Geuntae 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article examines a new museum architectural typology in Doha: the transformation from a heritage building to a contemporary art museum. Although there are iconic museums that receive immense amounts of attention in the city, such as the Museum of Islamic Art and the National Museum of Qatar, it is also significant to investigate this type of museum development since it performs a different but critical role in achieving the goals of museum developments in Doha: a balance between promoting a global branding and grounding culture in the community. In this paper, the Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art and the Fire Station Artist in Residence, which were renovated from a local school and a fire station building, respectively, are examined through documentary resources and interviews. It is found how their unique architectural transition processes have contributed to enabling an imported framework of museum institutions to enrich the local art museum scene and preserve citizens’ memory and identity.
Effect of seasonality, sales growth rate, and fiscal year end on cash conversion cycle
Authors: Laik Joyaditya , Mirchandani Prakash 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cash conversion cycle (CCC) measures the duration between a firm's outgoing and incoming cash flows. Firms track the CCC metric and employ it as a benchmark since lower CCC values may signal better operational and credit performance. We develop a typification of firms based on the processing lead time and credit periods negotiated with suppliers and customers, and demonstrate how these characteristics interact with sales growth rate, seasonality, and fiscal year end to affect the CCC. Based on our analytical models, we hypothesize that the impact of sales growth rate and the indirect effect of time on CCC can be positive or negative depending on the firm type. We also identify the crucial role that demand pattern in the zone of influence, an interval that we define around the fiscal year end, plays in determining the CCC. We test our hypotheses empirically using a multi‐level (random effect) model and a fixed effect model, where the levels of analyses are the specific firm types and individual firms, respectively. Our results, based on quarterly financial data of 58 firms over a 12‐year period, confirm the hypothesized effects of sales growth rate, fiscal year end, and seasonality on the CCC. Though frequently used, the CCC is thus a nuanced metric that needs careful interpretation. The findings of the paper are important to facilitate more accurate longitudinal CCC analyses and benchmarking comparisons that account for unique differences in sales growth rate, fiscal year end, and seasonality.
Prognostic and recurrence factors after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices
Authors: Abe Masakazu , Furuichi Yoshihiro , Takeuchi Hirohito , Yoshimasu Yuu , Itoi Takao 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundPeri‐esophageal collateral veins have been reported to be associated with the recurrence of esophageal varices (EVs). In this study, we retrospectively analyzed whether endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) findings obtained just before endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) are associated with the success rate of intravariceal injection, recurrence rate of EVs, and overall survival rate (OS) of patients. Furthermore, we investigated the independent predictors associated with these factors by multivariate analysis.MethodsA total of 91 patients with risky EVs treated by EIS were analyzed. The primary endpoint was to identify independent predictors associated with the success rate of intravariceal injection, recurrence rate, and OS by multivariate analysis, to confirm the usefulness of EUS examination. The secondary endpoint was to clarify differences in recurrence rate and OS between patients who underwent additional argon plasma coagulation (APC) and those who did not, by the propensity score matching method.ResultsLuminal diameter of EVs and F factor were predictors of the success rate of intravariceal injection. APC was predictor of OS and recurrence of EVs. EUS findings were not associated with these factors. Propensity score matching (APC, 23; without APC, 23) showed that recurrence rate was significantly improved in the APC group (P = 0.050) and that OS had the tendency to be higher in the APC group (P = 0.068).ConclusionEndoscopic ultrasonography findings before EIS were associated with successful intravariceal injection but were not associated with recurrence rate or OS. Additional APC could improve OS and reduce the recurrence of EVs.
Acquisition and loss of best walking skills in children and young people with bilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Baird Gillian , Chandler Susie , Shortland Adam , Will Elspeth , Simonoff Emily , Scrutton David , Fairhurst Charlie 
Published: August 2021

AimTo explore factors predicting acquisition and loss of best walking ability in young people with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP).MethodIn our population cohort (Study of Hips And Physical Experience) of 338 children (201 males, 137 females) with bilateral CP, age at achieving walking was recorded and walking ability predicted from early motor milestones. Walking was assessed at 5 to 8 years (mean 7y) and in 228 of 278 survivors at 13 to 19 years (mean 16y). Parent carers reported their view of any loss of best achieved walking. Factors potentially associated with loss of best achieved walking were explored: severity and type of motor disorder; intellect and communication; manipulative skill; general health and comorbidity; pain; orthopaedic surgery; musculoskeletal spine and lower limb deformity; weight; fatigue; mood; and presence of regular exercise regime.ResultsThe ability to walk independently was reliably predicted by the motor milestone ‘getting to sit and maintain sitting’ by the age of 36 months (without aids) and 55 months (with aids). Forty‐five per cent of the cohort never walked 10 steps independently. Not all who achieved walking without aids were still doing so by a mean age of 16 years, which was associated with later age at achieving walking and the degree of musculoskeletal deformity, as was the parent carers’ report of loss of best walking.InterpretationIn this study, development of musculoskeletal deformity was a significant factor in not maintaining best achieved walking by mean age 16 years, which is most likely to occur in young people whose walking ability is with aids over short distances or in therapy only. Prediction of future walking ability in a child with bilateral CP can be made from early motor milestones.
COVID‐19 and the impact of arterial hypertension—An analysis of the international HOPE COVID‐19 Registry (Italy‐Spain‐Germany)
Authors: El‐Battrawy Ibrahim , Nuñez‐Gil Ivan J. , Abumayyaleh Mohammad , Estrada Vicente , Manuel Becerra‐Muñoz Víctor , Uribarri Aitor , Fernández‐Rozas Inmaculada , Feltes Gisela , Arroyo‐Espliguero Ramón , Trabattoni Daniela , López‐País Javier , Pepe Martino , Romero Rodolfo , Castro‐Mejía Alex F. , Cerrato Enrico , Capel Astrua Thamar , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Fabregat‐Andres Oscar , Signes‐Costa Jaime , Marín Francisco , Buonsenso Danilo , Bardají Alfredo , Jesús Tellez María , Fernández‐Ortiz Antonio , Macaya Carlos , Akin Ibrahim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundA systematic analysis of concomitant arterial hypertension in COVID‐19 patients and the impact of angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have not been studied in a large multicentre cohort yet. We conducted a subanalysis from the international HOPE Registry (https://hopeprojectmd.com, NCT04334291) comparing COVID‐19 in presence and absence of arterial hypertension.Materials and MethodsOut of 5837 COVID‐19 patients, 2850 (48.8%) patients had the diagnosis arterial hypertension. 1978/2813 (70.3%) patients were already treated with ACEI or ARBs. The clinical outcome of the present subanalysis included all‐cause mortality over 40 days of follow‐up.ResultsPatients with arterial hypertension suffered significantly more from different complications including respiratory insufficiency (60.8% vs 39.5%), heart failure (9.9% vs 3.1%), acute kidney injury (25.3% vs 7.3%), pneumonia (90.6% vs 86%), sepsis (14.7% vs 7.5%), and bleeding events (3.6% vs 1.6%). The mortality rate was 29.6% in patients with concomitant arterial hypertension and 11.3% without arterial hypertension (P < .001). Invasive and non‐invasive respiratory supports were significantly more required in presence of arterial hypertension as compared without it.In the multivariate cox regression analysis, while age≥65, benzodiazepine, antidepressant at admission, elevated LDH or creatinine, respiratory insufficiency and sepsis might be a positive independent predictors of mortality, antiviral drugs, interferon treatment, ACEI or ARBs at discharge or oral anticoagulation at discharge might be an independent negative predictor of the mortality.ConclusionsThe mortality rate and in‐hospital complications might be increased in COVID‐19 patients with a concomitant history of arterial hypertension. The history of ACEI or ARBs treatments does not seem to impact the outcome of these patients.
Data‐driven analysis of the kinetics of the JAK2V617F allele burden and blood cell counts during hydroxyurea treatment of patients with polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Dam Marc J. B. , Pedersen Rasmus K. , Knudsen Trine A. , Andersen Morten , Skov Vibe , Kjær Lasse , Hasselbalch Hans C. , Ottesen Johnny T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHydroxyurea (HU) treatment of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) (MPNs) normalizes elevated blood cell counts within weeks in the large majority of patients. Studies on the impact of HU upon the kinetics of the JAK2V617F allele burden, leukocyte, and platelet counts over time are scarce.PurposeUsing data‐driven analysis as a novel tool to model the kinetics of the JAK2V617F allele burden and blood cell counts over time during treatment with HU.Material and methodsUsing serial measurements of JAK2V617F and correlation analysis of routine hematological values (the Hb‐concentration, leukocyte count, platelet count, and lactic dehydrogenase), we present a detailed description and analysis of the kinetics of the JAK2V617F, leukocyte, and platelet counts and lactic dehydrogenase in 27 patients (PV = 18; ET = 7; PMF = 2), who were followed in the Danish randomized trial (DALIAH). To further analyze the JAK2V617F kinetics, we use a machine learning clustering algorithm to group the response patterns.ResultsResponse patterns were highly heterogeneous, with clustering resulting in 3 groups and 3 outliers. In the large majority of patients, HU treatment was initially associated with a modest decline in the JAK2V617F allele burden in concert with a decline in leukocyte and platelet counts. However, HU did not induce a sustained and continuous decrease in the JAK2V617F allele burden.ConclusionUsing data‐driven analysis of the JAK2V617F allele burden, leukocyte, and platelet kinetics during treatment with HU, we have shown that HU does not induce a sustained decrease in the JAK2V617F allele burden and neither induces sustained normalization of elevated cell counts in MPN patients. Our results may explain why MPN patients during treatment with HU still have a substantially increased risk of thrombosis.
Phenotypic plasticity as a cause and consequence of population dynamics
Authors: Brass Dominic P. , Cobbold Christina A. , Ewing David A. , Purse Bethan V. , Callaghan Amanda , White Steven M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPredicting complex species‐environment interactions is crucial for guiding conservation and mitigation strategies in a dynamically changing world. Phenotypic plasticity is a mechanism of trait variation that determines how individuals and populations adapt to changing and novel environments. For individuals, the effects of phenotypic plasticity can be quantified by measuring environment–trait relationships, but it is often difficult to predict how phenotypic plasticity affects populations. The assumption that environment–trait relationships validated for individuals indicate how populations respond to environmental change is commonly made without sufficient justification. Here we derive a novel general mathematical framework linking trait variation due to phenotypic plasticity to population dynamics. Applying the framework to the classical example of Nicholson's blowflies, we show how seemingly sensible predictions made from environment–trait relationships do not generalise to population responses. As a consequence, trait‐based analyses that do not incorporate population feedbacks risk mischaracterising the effect of environmental change on populations.