bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Novas cartas portuguesas’: um gesto de amor político a muitas mãos
Authors: Menezes Raquel Goes de 
Published: May 2021

O trabalho pretende mostrar como o famoso texto português Novas Cartas Portuguesas conseguiu entrar para o imaginário político de uma época, em virtude do contexto de sua publicação – o regime salazarista –, e atravessar gerações como uma obra emblemática, por abordar questões das minorias perseguidas, mas principalmente do papel da mulher em uma sociedade machista. A atenção a esta obra se dá pela sua representatividade política e pela sua inovação como objeto literário. No texto, vemos questões de gênero e autoria sendo discutidas, tendo como subtexto outro emblemático exemplar da literatura portuguesa, as Cartas Portuguesas.
Littérature de parti et écriture normative : l’oeuvre de Manuel Tiago/Álvaro Cunhal
Authors: Pereira João Carlos Vitorino 
Published: May 2021

Tout roman à thèse communiste, comme tout conflit idéologique, répartit l’humanité en bons et en méchants, ce qui donne lieu à une axiologie binaire : c’est ce que l’on observe dans l’œuvre de Manuel Tiago dont l’écriture est explicative et normative. L’auteur, d’ailleurs, recourt fréquemment à la modalité déontique, qui caractérise le normatif, ainsi qu’aux commentaires évaluatifs, et donc à la modalité épistémique. Son premier roman, Até Amanhã, Camaradas, écrit sous la dictature salazariste, a servi de manuel aux membres du PCP qui devaient se transformer en « révolutionnaires professionnels » en luttant dans la clandestinité.----------------------------------------------------------------------LITERATURA DE PARTIDO E ESCRITA NORMATIVA: A OBRA DE MANUEL TIAGO/ÁLVARO CUNHALTodo o romance de tese comunista, assim como todo o conflito ideológico, divide a humanidade em bons e maus, o que dá origem a uma axiologia binária : é o que se verifica na obra de Manuel Tiago cuja escrita é explicativa e normativa. O autor, aliás, recorre frequentemente à modalidade deôntica, que caracteriza o normativo, bem como aos comentários avaliadores e, consequentemente, à modalidade espitémica. O seu primeiro romance, Até Amanhã, Camaradas, escrito sob a ditadura salazarista, serviu de manual para os membros do PCP que deviam transformar-se em « revolucionários profissionais », lutando na clandestinidade.---Artigo em francês.
A dualidade alegórica da catástrofe em ‘O quase fim do mundo’, do escritor angolano Pepetela
Authors: Miranda Maria Geralda , Friede Reis , Avelar Katia 
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o romance O quase fim do mundo, do escritor angolano Pepetela. Obra impactante que relata a situação vivenciada por um pequeno grupo de sobreviventes de uma catástrofe mundial, provocada pelo lançamento de raios de uma arma de destruição em massa, criada por fanáticos da intolerância. O estudo parte do conceito de alegoria, do modo como Walter Benjamin a concebe, para, em seguida, situar as representações dos personagens, do tempo e do espaço, na estrutura romanesca. A feição simbólica da catástrofe será debatida, a partir de uma visão dual, tendo em vista que toda ruína engendra um novo começo. Os sobreviventes tiveram que primeiro tentar entender os sentidos do desastre para, depois, começarem a reestruturar suas vidas em outras bases. A relação dos personagens-sobreviventes com os bens de consumo: dinheiro, jóias, roupas, carros, aviões, mereceu também a nossa atenção, porque os “valores de uso e de troca” de produtos são totalmente alterados.
Cristianismo e marxismo em ‘Estação’, de Nuno Bragança
Authors: Loureiro La Salette 
Published: May 2021

O escritor Nuno Bragança integrou o grupo de “católicos progressistas” que durante o regime de Salazar se empenhou na resistência à ditadura, através de várias formas de luta. O autor e as suas personagens literárias fundam a sua acção na prática dos valores autênticos do Cristianismo, nos quais encontram coincidências com alguns dos que são defendidos pelo Marxismo. Uma tal atitude implica, não raras vezes, uma crítica explícita ou velada à Igreja Católica oficial. No livro de contos Estação, encontramos a representação das diferentes classes sociais e das suas relações, numa perspectiva evolutiva, bem como os comportamentos reais, desejados ou desejáveis, de estruturas a quem são acometidas responsabilidades no funcionamento de uma sociedade que se pretende justa.
A vida d’A morte sem mestre de Herberto Helder
Authors: Braz Paulo 
Published: May 2021

O trabalho consiste em uma breve passada de olhos sobre o mais recente livro de inéditos de Herberto Helder: "A morte sem mestre". A resenha busca elencar alguns motivos há muito já presentes na obra do poeta obscuro, como a morte, o erotismo e o sagrado, com um remate sobre a questão do valor em poesia e sobre políticas editoriais. Livro resenhado:HELDER, Herberto. A morte sem mestre. Porto, Portugal: Porto Editora, 2014
Six Decades of U.S. Tax Reform: Why Has the Average Couple's Tax Burden Increased?
Authors: Plečnik James M. , Wang Shan 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We collect basic federal tax laws over a 64-year period in order to simulate the historical effective tax rates of median income wage-earning couples. We find that effective income tax rates have decreased over the sample period; however, when payroll taxes are included in our calculations, total tax burdens have increased significantly. Interestingly, this increase in middle-class wage taxation has occurred over an historical period in which total federal tax revenue relative to GDP has remained somewhat constant. This implies that the middle class has borne an increasing relative tax burden in recent years. We hope that our analyses inform both the taxpaying public and policy makers of the historical status of middle-class wage earners.
Study on Socio-Demographic Profile of Peptic Ulcer Disease in A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Saber Sadia , Alam Mohammed Tarek , Hossain Mohammad Monower , Alam Rafa Faaria 
Published: May 2021

Background: The prevalence and socio-demographic factors of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) have changed remarkably now a day. Currently, peptic ulcer disease has considered as a multifactorial health problem.
Objective: To determine the socio-demographic factors of Peptic ulcer disease among patients attending Bangladesh Medical College, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methods: This is a hospital-record based cross sectional descriptive study executed in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Dhanmondi, Dhaka. The study group comprises 200 PUD patients enrolled in our Bangladesh Medical College Hospital from July 2019 to December 2020. Analysis of data was done by using SPSS 15 software. Prevalence of PUD patients among study population was calculated by using percentage and the strength of association of socio- demographic factors were evaluated in our study.
Results: Total prevalence of PUD among the studied group was 83.5%; gastric ulcer 54.5% and duodenal ulcer 29%. Majority 56% were female patients in the age group of 41-50 years. Most prevalent endoscopic finding was erosive antral gastritis (48.50%). PUD was diagnosed predominantly among unemployed population (48.50%) in the urban locality (62%). The cardinal features were pain precipitated by certain food (55.69%) and loss of appetite (52. 09%).Regarding risk factors spicy food (55.69%) has secured the first position in our study followed by smoking (34.13%) and stress (18.56%).
Conclusion: Multifactorial variables were considered as risk factors for PUD. Population based endoscopic studies can detect PUD at its earliest possible stage and create awareness among population to prevent its further progression.
The freedom of cross-border funding in multinational groups and European Union law
Authors: Kollruss Thomas W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Member states often try to restrict cross-border debt financing in multinational groups. The pending Swedish case, Lexel AB, C-484/19, is a prime example. The Swedish tax law operates with a vague legal concept of tax abuse that is completely inappropriate to identify tax-abusive financing and disadvantages only foreign groups. This paper analyzes the Swedish rules on interest limitation in affiliated groups (C-484/19), which refers to substantial tax benefits, against the background of the European Union law and the finance theory. In this regard, a breach of European Union law can be found. This also applies to the current Swedish tax law. Moreover, the interest limitation rules are analyzed from the background of the principles of finance theory, particularly the interest coverage ratio (ICR). In this context, a comparative analysis is carried out between the Swedish rules and the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) provision (Art. 4). Adequate regulations on the limitation of interest should cope with the problem of profit shifting, also preserve the freedom of financing, particularly in multinational groups, and should not contain any difference in treatment between domestic and foreign groups.
Drivers of cost and time overruns: A client and contractor perspective
Authors: Dahlin Peter , Pesämaa Ossi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Large infrastructure investments are expected to be of sustained value to society for a long time. Such investment projects include, for instance, hospitals, tunnels, sport arenas, power plants, roads, railways, and bridges. They involve a complex organization of contracts and agreements. The client is expected to plan, procure, and determine the critical steps of a project, while the contractor should solve issues raised by the client. Many of these agreements are path-dependent and reflect past routines, experiences, and contacts. As such, many investments tend to return to similar sources instead of replacing routines and collaborations that did not work. This can cause change orders that furthermore reflect consequences such as cost and time overruns. While much is known about these effects in construction projects, this paper sheds light on the drivers of change orders. We build upon a sample of 234 observations responding to a survey on investment planning. The results show that project assumptions are often wrong and inadequate in large investments. Such wrong assumptions are caused by interpersonal and leadership issues, poor planning, or sometimes even intentional profit-seeking. Our results show that clients and contractors have different perceptions and enter contractual obligations differently. The implication is, therefore, that better routines of documentation, more frequent feedback, and more accurate or precise standards may close the gap between planning and what is actually achieved. More precise contractual agreements may also create a better process to procure, manage projects, and allocate resources.
Pedagogias da noite: experiências e sensações coletivas em um parque público
Authors: Silva Eloenes Lima 
Published: May 2021

Como recorte de pesquisa realizada junto ao campo dos Estudos Culturais e Educação, o artigo tem por objetivo dar visibilidade a modos pedagógicos de viver na noite mediante a identificação de experiências coletivas durante um evento noturno no maior parque público da cidade de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Na primeira parte são propostas articulações teóricas entre “pedagogia”, “experiência” e “lugar”. Em seguida são destacados caminhos metodológicos utilizados durante a pesquisa. Na terceira parte, analisamos a música executada ao vivo, as produções artesanais, os “abraços grátis” e outras intervenções por meio da apresentação de “cenas noturnas” compostas a partir das abordagens, relatos e registro de práticas realizadas pelos participantes do evento. Os resultados apontam que encontros, convívios, aproximações e trocas sociais são experiências vividas através de sensações em comum em que os afetos, a segurança, o “estar junto” funcionam como pedagogias, orientando e conduzindo os sujeitos em lugares noturnos da cidade.
Validasi Status Hara Model Plus One Test pada Latosol dengan Indikator Jagung Manis
Authors: Nugroho Budi , Nadalia Desi , Hanifah Dewi 
Published: May 2021

Model evaluasi status hara plus one test dilakukan untuk menetapkan hara yang menjadi faktor pembatas. Model ini perlu divalidasi baik secara statistik maupun agronomik yang dilihat dari pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman, agar hasilnya dapat diinterpretasikan dengan tepat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memvalidasi status hara model plus one test secara statistik, mengevaluasi pengaruh perlakuan pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung manis, serta korelasi kadar hara tersedia tanah dengan hara tanaman. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Cikabayan, Dramaga Bogor. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan perlakuan plus one test yang meliputi : (1) Kontrol, (2) N, (3) N + P, (4) N + P + K, (5) N + P + K + Ca, (6) N + P + K + Ca + Mg, (7) N + P + K + Ca + Mg + S. Pupuk yang digunakan adalah pupuk Urea (N), SP-36 (P), KCl (K), kaptan (Ca), MgO (Mg), dan ZA (S). Rancangan lingkungan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok 2 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 14 satuan percobaan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa hara yang menjadi faktor pembatas adalah Ca. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil sidik ragam yang menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penambahan hara Ca berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi Jagung manis. Korelasi hara Ca-dd tanah dengan kadar hara Ca daun lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan korelasi hara lainnya (koefisien korelasi/ r = 0.75), dan tergolong sangat nyata. Pada reflektan warna daun didapatkan bahwa reflektan warna merah dan hijau dipengaruhi perlakuan hara K, reflektan warna biru oleh hara P dan Ca, reflektan warna hijau dan biru oleh perlakuan hara Mg, sedangkan reflektan warna biru dan merah oleh perlakuan hara N dan S. Hasil evaluasi status hara tersebut digunakan untuk tindakan pemupukan selanjutnya.
Environmental Assessment of Atmospheric Dioxin Dispersion from a Municipal Wastes Power Plant, Indonesia
Authors: Sulaiman Albert , Dewanti Dian Purwitasari 
Published: May 2021

We assess of environemental effect of the dioxin dispersion from municipal waste power plant (MWPP) covering, characteristic of the dispersion and health risk affected communities in Indonesia. The dispersion studies through modeling which is done with the following steps 1 ) estimate dioxin emissions from incinerator processing, 2 ) design the dioxin dispersion by literature review, 3 ) calculate health risk of communities based on the dispersion modeling. The results show that the dispersion of dioxin is represented in the form of a non-Gaussian solution of the advection-diffusion equation with taking into account the settling and deposition velocity. In the case of MWPP with capacity, 80 tonnes per day produce a concentration of 0.04 pg TEQ/Nm3 in residential areas which are located 200m from chimney. Inhalation exposure resulting is 5.28 pg 1-TEQ/( kg-day ) to adults and 6.95 pg 1-TEQ/( kg-day ) to children. The strategy took to adjust by WHO environmental quality standard 4 pg 1-TEQ /( kg-day ), we increase the reduction of APC 25%. The calculation of emissions based on combustion processes shows that the dioxin concentration of MWPP is still below the threshold required by WHO.
BRIEF ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY
Authors: Ceocea Costel , Nichifor Bogdan , Timiras Laura 
Published: May 2021

In the context in which globalization generates chain reactions, the economic disturbances generated by the Covid-19 crisis are encountered at the global, European and of course regional level and, due to the novelty of the manifestation of the crisis, the capacity of known economic models to provide quick solutions in this context has proved to be limited. Most of the economic imbalances that have occurred are not due to the epidemic itself, but to the measures taken to prevent the spread of this virus. Attempts are being made globally to identify exit scenarios from the crisis. Such scenarios are the result of individual and collective action by states affected by the pandemic. Obviously, the results are different depending on the characteristics, potential, commitment of each of the states / areas affected by the economic crisis and can be evaluated in term of efficiency only after the trigger factor will cease to exist.<div id="mouseposition-extension-element-full-container" style="position: fixed; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2147483647; font-weight: 400;"> </div><div id="mouseposition-extension-element-full-container" style="position: fixed; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2147483647; font-weight: 400;"> </div>
Modeling Tensile Strength of Concrete on Partial Replacement of Cement and Sand with Quarry Dust Ground Granulated Blast Furnace and Slag Silica Fumes
Authors: S.N. Eluozo , K. Dimkpa 
Published: May 2021

Tensile strength of concrete were examined on its partial replacement of cement and sand using ground granulated blast furnace and quarry dust, the study examines its behaviour at different dimensions, this is to monitor the variation effect of these parameters on the growth rates of tensile to the optimum curing age, these includes non linear conditions of tensile state, non-elastic and its brittle behaviour at all times as it express zero conditions in tension, this means that it has the ability to with stand pull force, it also reflect its weak ability to handle shear stress thus tends to cause deformation in material as it has poor elasticity. The reflection of its brittle influence the rate of tensile behaviour from concrete ductility, these are known to be a material on modern mechanics of concrete. These also considered as quasi brittle material, this behaviour were reflected as the system considered evaluating the growth rate of tensile strength that replaced cement and sand with these locally sourced addictives. the developed model monitor other reflected influential parameters such as variation of concrete porosity due it compaction in placements, tensile behaviour reflects these effect that subject it to mechanical properties of concrete, the study expressed the reaction of these parameters in the simulation, the evaluation of these affected the details variation of tensile growth rate at different water cement ratios and curing age, the tensile behaviour that were monitored are based on these factors in the study, these derived model were validated with Jaharatul et al 2018, and both parameters developed best fits correlation, the study is imperative because the system expressed the behaviour of tensile strength from concrete at different dimensions, experts can applied these concept to monitor tensile behaviour considering these parameters in its growth rates.
Empatia jako podstawa moralności. Rewizja teorii moralności Davida Hume’a i Artura Schopenhauera w perspektywie wyników badań neurobiologii prymatologii
Authors: Kot Anna 
Published: May 2021

W filozofii od dawna trwa spór dotyczący podstaw moralności. Myśliciele tacy jak Arystoteles, Immanuel Kant, czy John Stuart Mill podstawową funkcję w podejmowaniu decyzji moralnych przypisują rozumowaniu. Z kolei David Hume oraz Artur Schopenhauer podkreślają pierwszoplanowe znaczenie emocji. Celem niniejszego tekstu jest rewizja sentymentalistycznej teorii moralności Hume’a i Schopenhauer’a w perspektywie 1) doniesień z badań analizujących pracę mózgu ludzkiego podczas podejmowania decyzji moralnych (Joshua Green) 2) roli neuronów lustrzanych (Giacomo Rizzolatti) 3) obserwacji zachowań empatycznych naczelnych (Francis de Waal). Badania te wnoszą w obszar etyki nową perspektywę, pozwalającą spojrzeć na problem dotyczący powstania i rozwoju moralności w zupełnie innym świetle
Camera obscura w starożytnej Grecji
Authors: Mrówka Kazimierz 
Published: May 2021

Artykuł zawiera prezentację najstarszych zachowanych świadectw w starożytnej Grecji zawierających opis camera obscura. Terminu używa się zamiennie na określenie zarówno zjawiska, jak i urządzenia optycznego wykorzystujacego wspomniany fenomen. Schemat działania jest prosty: promienie światła biegnące od przedmiotu i przechodzące przez niewielki otwór, padają na powierzchnię w zaciemnionej przestrzeni tworząc odwrócony obraz przedmiotu. Pierwsze opisy fenomenu camera obscura pojawiają się w starożytnych Chinach i Grecji. W kulturze greckiej i zarazem tradycji europejskiej, chronologicznie pierwszym zapisem jest tekst zawarty w dziele pt. Zagadnienia przyrodnicze, w Księdze XV, rozdziale 11, a dopełnienie w Księdze XV, rozdziale 6. Wspomniane dzieło zostało napisane przez nieznanego nam bliżej autora lub autorów, ale wywodzącego się z tradycji dociekań przyrodniczych Liceum Arystotelesa.
„NIE MA POTRZEBY...”. JĘZYK SĄSIADA W KRAJOBRAZIE JĘZYKOWYM POGRANICZA POLSKO-CZESKIEGO – ANALIZA PORÓWNAWCZA KUDOWY ZDROJU I NÁCHODU Z UWZGLĘDNIENIEM OPINII ICH MIESZKAŃCÓW
Authors: Karmowska Anna 
Published: May 2021

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki analizy porównawczej krajobrazu językowego dwóch miejscowości położonych na pograniczu polsko--czeskim: Kudowy Zdroju oraz Náchodu, mającej na celu ustalenie, w jaki sposób kreowane są dwie płaszczyzny językowe: odgórna i oddolna. Dane te umożliwią także ocenę zachowania samych mieszkańców i określenie ich stosunku do języka sąsiada. W artykule zwrócono również uwagę na to, która strategia komunikowania się jest atrakcyjniejsza dla obu nacji – czy współcześnie komunikacja zmierza ku ogólnej globalizacji, a dominującym językiem staje się lingua franca – język angielski, czy może przygraniczność wpływa na rozwój wielojęzyczności receptywnej (lingua receptiva).
PRZESTRZEŃ ŁODZI W ZWIERCIADLE DYSKURSU TOKSYCZNOŚCI. NA MARGINESIE ZIEMI OBIECANEJ WŁADYSŁAWA STANISŁAWA REYMONTA
Authors: Piechota Dariusz 
Published: May 2021

Artykuł jest poświęcony analizie przestrzeni Łodzi przedstawionej w powieści Reymonta. Autor koncentruje się na popularnej opozycji natura versus cywilizacja, która jest wyeksponowana w Ziemi obiecanej. Autor odwołuje się także do toksycznego dyskursu Laurence’a Buella. Reymont zdaje sobie sprawę, że przyspieszona urbanizacja (która ma miejsce od 1890 roku) zaburzyła równowagę ekologiczną w środowisku. Nowe fabryki, które pojawiły się na terenie Łodzi, zmniejszyły obszary dzikiej przyrody. Toksyczne opary z kominów stały się wyraźnym znakiem zbliżającej się katastrofy ekologicznej. Drzewa porównane do szkieletów i zapach zgnilizny są dowodem postępującej agonii w krajobrazie miejskim. Problem zanieczyszczenia środowiska wydaje się ignorowany przez protagonistów Ziemi obiecanej. Wynika to z faktu, iż przyroda postrzegana jest jedynie jako pole ciągłego wyzysku człowieka. Jedyną wrażliwą osobą jest narrator, który podobnie jak kronikarz dokumentuje destrukcyjne zmiany w ekosystemie. Niewątpliwie głos Reymonta jest przejawem dojrzałej, nowoczesnej świadomości ekologicznej.
CIERPIENIE – NAMIĘTNOŚĆ – PASJA DO FILOZOFOWANIA. OSOBISTY WYMIAR FILOZOFII FRYDERYKA NIETZSCHEGO
Authors: Lerka Tomasz 
Published: May 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie dwóch przejawów zaproponowanego przez autora ujęcia „pasji do filozofowania” w życiu i dziele Fryderyka Nietzschego: jej osobistego wymiaru oraz pragnienia przemiany samego siebie. Metodologia badań opiera się na wykorzystaniu kategorii „pasji do filozofowania” jako narzędzia interpretacyjnego życia i filozofii Nietzschego, z uwzględnieniem analizy jego dzieł i listów oraz materiału biograficznego. Najpierw zdefiniowano pojęcie „pasja”, ze wskazaniem jego związków z fenomenem „cierpienia”. Następnie zdefiniowano fenomen pasji do filozofowania”. Dalej omówiono kwestię osobistego wymiaru pasji do filozofowania Nietzschego. W ostatniej części omówiono pasję przemiany samego siebie realizowaną przez Nietzschego, z odwołaniem do interpretacji autorstwa Safranskiego i Deleuze’a.