bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A national survey of orthodontists in Malaysia and their use of functional appliances for Class II malocclusions
Authors: Bahar Aufa Dahlia , Kamarudin Yasmin , Chadwick Stephen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of functional appliances by the currently practising orthodontists in Malaysia. The objectives were to identify the different types of functional appliances used by Malaysian orthodontists and to investigate the variation in treatment protocols when attempting growth modification.

Methods
An online questionnaire consisting of 24 open-ended and multiple-choice questions was emailed to members of the Malaysian Association of Orthodontists (MAO) (n = 183). The survey was based on a previous study conducted by members of the British Orthodontic Society and was modified to suit the Malaysian population. The data were analysed using SPSS to generate frequency tables and descriptive statistics.

Results
Seventy-two responses were received from current Malaysian orthodontists. Of the respondents, 71% practised in a government setting and 29% were in private practice. The Clark Twin Block was the most frequently used functional appliance by 90% of Malaysian orthodontists. Many of the respondents (57%) prescribed full-time wear of removable functional appliances for 6–9 months (except during mealtimes) (51%). Following active removable functional appliance therapy, 91% prescribed a period of retention which involved a reduction in the duration of wear. The retention phase extended for 2 to 3 months (41%) or for 4 to 6 months (39%) for the majority of the respondents.

Conclusions
The Clark Twin Block is the most frequently-used functional appliance for the management of a Class II malocclusion by orthodontists currently practising in Malaysia.
The Potential Therapeutic Value of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in the
Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tabatabai Ehsan , Khazaei Majid , Parizadeh Mohammad R. , Nouri Mohammad , Hassanian Seyed M. , Ferns Gordon A , Rahmati Mohammad , Avan Amir 
Published: October 2021

:
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer globally. Despite extensive preclinical and clinical
studies, it is still among the leading causes of cancer-related death, and a need for new therapeutic options is
required. The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in regulating blood pressure and cell growth. In
addition to their hemodynamic effects, some of the renin-angiotensin system components, such as angiotensin,
are also growth factors that promote cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and its dysregulation is reported to be
associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Here we describe the critical role of the renin-angiotensin
system pathway in colorectal cancer as well as the preclinical and clinical investigations renin-angiotensin system
inhibitors: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers as a potential therapeutic
target in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Several studies have been shown that the inhibition of these
pathways can reduce tumor growth and metastasis; however, some of the data remain inconsistent. There is accumulating
evidence of the therapeutic potential of some inhibitors, such as Losartan which are now in clinical
phases in the treatment of several malignancies using Nivolumab in combination with FOLFIRINOX in pancreatic
cancer. Further investigations are warranted to improve the efficacy and selectivity of current and future anticancer
strategies targeting renin-angiotensin systems.
Improving the Genome Annotation of Rhizoctonia solani Using Proteogenomics
Authors: Shu Jiantao , Yang Mingkun , Zhang Cheng , Yang Pingfang , Ge Feng , Li Ming 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Rhizoctonia solani is a pathogenic fungus that causes serious diseases in many crops, including rice, wheat, and soybeans. In crop production, it is very important to understand the pathogenicity of this fungus, which is still elusive. It might be helpful to comprehensively understand its genomic information using different genome annotation strategies.

Methods:
Aiming to improve the genome annotation of R. solani, we performed a proteogenomic study based on the existing data. Based on our study, a total of 1060 newly identified genes, 36 revised genes, 139 single amino acid variants (SAAVs), 8 alternative splicing genes, and diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs) events were identified in R. solani AG3. Further functional annotation on these 1060 newly identified genes was performed through homology analysis with its 5 closest relative fungi.

Results:
Based on this, 2 novel candidate pathogenic genes, which might be associated with pathogen-host interaction, were discovered. In addition, in order to increase the reliability and novelty of the newly identified genes in R. solani AG3, 1060 newly identified genes were compared with the newly published available R. solani genome sequences of AG1, AG2, AG4, AG5, AG6, and AG8. There are 490 homologous sequences. We combined the proteogenomic results with the genome alignment results and finally identified 570 novel genes in R. solani.

Conclusion:
These findings extended R. solani genome annotation and provided a wealth of resources for research on R. solani.
CGRP and CGRP-Receptor as Targets of Migraine Therapy: Brain
Prize-2021
Authors: Vécsei László , Tajti János , Szok Délia , Nyári Aliz 
Published: October 2021

Background :
Migraine is a highly prevalent primary headache with an unclear pathomechanism.
During the last 40 years, numerous hypotheses have arisen; among them, the theory
of the trigeminovascular system is the primary one. It serves as a skeleton in successful preclinical
studies and in the development of effective therapeutic options for migraine headache.

Objective :
The brain prize (awarded annually by the Lundbeck Foundation) is the most prestigious
tribute in neuroscience. The winners in 2021 were Lars Edvinsson, Peter Goadsby, Michael
Moskowitz and Jes Olesen. They are the fathers of migraine pathomechanism, which led to revolutionary
new treatments. This review summarizes their landmark findings.

Methods :
Data related to this topic were reviewed from PubMed records published between 1979
and May 2021. Searches were based on preclinical and clinical studies in the covered field. The
findings were listed in chronological order. From a therapeutic perspective, only randomized controlled
trials and meta-analysis were discussed.

Results:
The calcitonin gene-related peptide-related pathogenesis of migraine is based on the activation
of the trigeminovascular system. The therapeutic triad for migraine is triptans, gepants, and
calcitonin gene-related peptide-targeted monoclonal antibodies.

Conclusion:
In the past 40 years, the systematic work of leading headache scientists has resulted in
robust theoretical and therapeutic knowledge in the preclinical and clinical study of migraine.
The Unity of Opposites: The Flux Between Impulsiveness and Compulsiveness Mediated by the Endocannabinoid System
Authors: Tan Oguz 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Impulsiveness and compulsiveness, though traditionally
assumed to represent the opposite poles of a spectrum, have increasingly been understood
to have common, rather than disparate, features.

Objective:
We investigated the influence of the ECS on the intricate interplay between
impulsiveness and compulsiveness.

Method:
We conducted a search in PubMed, PsyhInfo, and Scopus by using the
keywords compulsiveness, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), impulsiveness,
Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs), addiction, ECS, serotonin, and dopamine.

Results:
The ECS is famous for its role in motivational processes and reward signaling,
contributing to the hedonic effect elicited by pleasurable activities. Impulsiveness
involves an inability to delay pleasure; compulsiveness, in contrast, is associated
with a postponement of present pleasure due to an increased sense of menace.
Impulsiveness and compulsiveness work together to result in addiction.
The manipulation of the ECS through pharmacological or genetic methods is effective
on the manifestations of OCD, ICDs, and impulsiveness. The ECS is distributed
throughout the basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus
and interacts with serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, GABAergic,
and glutamatergic neural circuits which are all involved in impulsive and compulsive
symptomatology. The ECS or cannabinoids exhibit divergent effects depending
on environmental conditions, dose, and duration of exposure. The endocannabinoids
are retrograde messengers inhibiting the presynaptic neurons (causing a
braking effect) and released “on demand”, generating a fine-tuning adjustment of
the neural activity.

Conclusion:
How impulsiveness and compulsiveness, two apparently opposite
traits, interoperate might be accounted for by the specific functions of the ECS.
A Mobile App (FallSA) to Identify Fall Risk Among Malaysian Community-Dwelling Older Persons: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit , Goh Jing Wen , Shaharudin Muhammad Iqbal , Shahar Suzana 
Published: October 2021

Background
Recent falls prevention guidelines recommend early routine fall risk assessment among older persons.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to develop a Falls Screening Mobile App (FallSA), determine its acceptance, concurrent validity, test-retest reliability, discriminative ability, and predictive validity as a self-screening tool to identify fall risk among Malaysian older persons.

Methods
FallSA acceptance was tested among 15 participants (mean age 65.93 [SD 7.42] years); its validity and reliability among 91 participants (mean age 67.34 [SD 5.97] years); discriminative ability and predictive validity among 610 participants (mean age 71.78 [SD 4.70] years). Acceptance of FallSA was assessed using a questionnaire, and it was validated against a comprehensive fall risk assessment tool, the Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA). Participants used FallSA to test their fall risk repeatedly twice within an hour. Its discriminative ability and predictive validity were determined by comparing participant fall risk scores between fallers and nonfallers and prospectively through a 6-month follow-up, respectively.

Results
The findings of our study showed that FallSA had a high acceptance level with 80% (12/15) of older persons agreeing on its suitability as a falls self-screening tool. Concurrent validity test demonstrated a significant moderate correlation (r=.518, P<.001) and agreement (k=.516, P<.001) with acceptable sensitivity (80.4%) and specificity (71.1%). FallSA also had good reliability (intraclass correlation .948; 95% CI .921-.966) and an internal consistency (α=.948, P<.001). FallSA score demonstrated a moderate to strong discriminative ability in classifying fallers and nonfallers. FallSA had a predictive validity of falls with positive likelihood ratio of 2.27, pooled sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 64%, and area under the curve of 0.802.

Conclusions
These results suggest that FallSA is a valid and reliable fall risk self-screening tool. Further studies are required to empower and engage older persons or care givers in the use of FallSA to self-screen for falls and thereafter to seek early prevention intervention.
Data-Driven Classification of Human Movements in Virtual Reality–Based Serious Games: Preclinical Rehabilitation Study in Citizen Science
Authors: Barak Ventura Roni , Stewart Hughes Kora , Nov Oded , Raghavan Preeti , Ruiz Marín Manuel , Porfiri Maurizio 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundSustained engagement is essential for the success of telerehabilitation programs. However, patients’ lack of motivation and adherence could undermine these goals. To overcome this challenge, physical exercises have often been gamified. Building on the advantages of serious games, we propose a citizen science–based approach in which patients perform scientific tasks by using interactive interfaces and help advance scientific causes of their choice. This approach capitalizes on human intellect and benevolence while promoting learning. To further enhance engagement, we propose performing citizen science activities in immersive media, such as virtual reality (VR).ObjectiveThis study aims to present a novel methodology to facilitate the remote identification and classification of human movements for the automatic assessment of motor performance in telerehabilitation. The data-driven approach is presented in the context of a citizen science software dedicated to bimanual training in VR. Specifically, users interact with the interface and make contributions to an environmental citizen science project while moving both arms in concert.MethodsIn all, 9 healthy individuals interacted with the citizen science software by using a commercial VR gaming device. The software included a calibration phase to evaluate the users’ range of motion along the 3 anatomical planes of motion and to adapt the sensitivity of the software’s response to their movements. During calibration, the time series of the users’ movements were recorded by the sensors embedded in the device. We performed principal component analysis to identify salient features of movements and then applied a bagged trees ensemble classifier to classify the movements.ResultsThe classification achieved high performance, reaching 99.9% accuracy. Among the movements, elbow flexion was the most accurately classified movement (99.2%), and horizontal shoulder abduction to the right side of the body was the most misclassified movement (98.8%).ConclusionsCoordinated bimanual movements in VR can be classified with high accuracy. Our findings lay the foundation for the development of motion analysis algorithms in VR-mediated telerehabilitation.
Complete and Resilient Documentation for Operational Medical Environments Leveraging Mobile Hands-free Technology in a Systems Approach: Experimental Study
Authors: Woo MinJae , Mishra Prabodh , Lin Ju , Kar Snigdhaswin , Deas Nicholas , Linduff Caleb , Niu Sufeng , Yang Yuzhe , McClendon Jerome , Smith D Hudson , Shelton Stephen L , Gainey Christopher E , Gerard William C , Smith Melissa C , Griffin Sarah F , Gimbel Ronald W , Wang Kuang-Ching 
Published: October 2021

Background
Prehospitalization documentation is a challenging task and prone to loss of information, as paramedics operate under disruptive environments requiring their constant attention to the patients.

Objective
The aim of this study is to develop a mobile platform for hands-free prehospitalization documentation to assist first responders in operational medical environments by aggregating all existing solutions for noise resiliency and domain adaptation.

Methods
The platform was built to extract meaningful medical information from the real-time audio streaming at the point of injury and transmit complete documentation to a field hospital prior to patient arrival. To this end, the state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) solutions with the following modular improvements were thoroughly explored: noise-resilient ASR, multi-style training, customized lexicon, and speech enhancement. The development of the platform was strictly guided by qualitative research and simulation-based evaluation to address the relevant challenges through progressive improvements at every process step of the end-to-end solution. The primary performance metrics included medical word error rate (WER) in machine-transcribed text output and an F1 score calculated by comparing the autogenerated documentation to manual documentation by physicians.

Results
The total number of 15,139 individual words necessary for completing the documentation were identified from all conversations that occurred during the physician-supervised simulation drills. The baseline model presented a suboptimal performance with a WER of 69.85% and an F1 score of 0.611. The noise-resilient ASR, multi-style training, and customized lexicon improved the overall performance; the finalized platform achieved a medical WER of 33.3% and an F1 score of 0.81 when compared to manual documentation. The speech enhancement degraded performance with medical WER increased from 33.3% to 46.33% and the corresponding F1 score decreased from 0.81 to 0.78. All changes in performance were statistically significant (P<.001).

Conclusions
This study presented a fully functional mobile platform for hands-free prehospitalization documentation in operational medical environments and lessons learned from its implementation.
How much penicillin is needed to treat early syphilis in people living with HIV?
Authors: Bonadonna Lily V. 
Published: October 2021

A clinical decision report using:
Andrade R, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Yasukawa K, Villarreal E, Ross M, Serpa JA. Single Dose Versus 3 Doses of Intramuscular Benzathine Penicillin for Early Syphilis in HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(6):759-764. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw862
to inform treatment of syphilis for a person living with HIV with multiple socioeconomic barriers to care.
Об истории городского благоустройства и инженерных сетей Москвы. Часть I. История благоустройства древней Москвы. XIV—XVII века
Authors: Беляева Елена , Беляев Александр 
Published: October 2021

На примере Москвы дан анализ истории благоустройства и инженерных систем российских городов.
Обращение к истории городского благоустройства и инженерных систем Москвы сегодня актуально в связи с тем, что в течение последнего десятилетия такие работы активно ведутся не только в столице, но и в других исторических городах в рамках нескольких национальных проектов, в том числе национального проекта «Жильё и городская среда».
Для специалистов по благоустройству и развитию инженерной инфраструктуры, работающих в исторических городах, важно понимание преемственности градостроительного развития и осознание истории своей профессии, её роли в этом развитии.
В статье на примере Москвы показано, что городское благоустройство, включая вопросы инженерной защиты и инженерного обеспечения, имеют многовековую историю. В Москве эта деятельность восходит к XIV-XV векам, а её исторические этапы тесно связаны с основными этапами градостроительного развития города (XIV-XVII и XVIII-XIX века, включая начало XX века).
«Под фасад каменного строения»: обшивка деревянных церквей Русского Севера в конце XVIII - начале ХХ в.
Authors: Ходаковский Евгений 
Published: October 2021

Статья посвящена осмыслению феномена обшивки в практике строительства, поновлений и реставрации деревян­ных храмов Русского Севера с последней четверти XVIII до начала ХХ столетия. Реставрационные работы 2000-2010-х годов продемонстрировали немало примеров возвращения обшивки на фасады старинных памятников. Поэтому воз­вращение к опыту XVIII-XIX столетий, а возможно, и более раннего времени, актуализировало вопрос изучения фено­мена обшивки как одного из важнейших явлений в истории деревянного зодчества позднего периода. Первый аспект исследования - «консервационный» - обусловлен тем, что в сознании современников обшивка воспринималась как наиболее эффективное решение для предотвращения разрушения сруба. В этой связи к вопросам обшивки в XIX столетии подходили очень основательно как на уровне про­фессиональных архитекторов, так и простых деревенских плотников. Второй аспект - «художественно-стилевой» - демонстрирует, что обшивка была самым действенным способом обозначения на фасадах как новых, так и старых церквей тех стилевых видоизменений, которые позволяли причту, заказчикам, прихожанам ощущать себя в общем эсте­тическом русле своего времени. Прослеживаются наиболее ранние задокументированные случаи обшивки деревянных церквей, анализируются мнения исследователей и рестав­раторов памятников деревянного зодчества. В результате констатируется, что историческая обшивка является не просто «пережитком» синодального периода истории русской деревянной архитектуры, но является важнейшим фактором её бытования, с которым необходимо считаться при проведении реставрационных работ*).
* Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках на­учного проекта № 20-012-00356 «Архитектура деревянных храмов Онежского Поморья XVII-XIX веков. Типология, эволюция, региональные традиции».
О некоторых тенденциях пространственного развития социального инжиниринга научно-инновационной деятельности
Authors: Дианова-Клокова Инна , Метаньев Дмитрий 
Published: October 2021

Социальный инжиниринг – важная пространственная составляющая научно-инновационной деятельности. Основные требования к организации таких пространств: создание комфортных условий труда, отдыха и общения, способствующих возникновению новых идей; обеспечение необходи-мой информацией, обучение и повышение квалификации; организация неформальных контактов и коммуникаций; повышение социальной значимости научно-инновационной деятельности, просвещение и популяризация передовых научно-технологических достижений и т.п. Архитектурные решения здесь отличается высоким качеством и индивиду-альностью, знаковостью и репрезентативностью. В статье на базе проведённых исследований мирового опыта отмечаются некоторые тенденции формирования пространств социаль-ного инжиниринга в современных условиях.
Просвещение и популяризация достижений науки и инноваций, рост интереса общества к этим вопросам, интеграция наук и междисциплинарность методов исследовательской деятельности – традиционны. Настоящее время характеризуется активным развитием информационных технологий, виртуаль-ных методов исследований, дистанционных работ. Всё это в значительной степени определяет формирование тенденций пространственного развития социального инжиниринга.
Получает дальнейшее развитие многоуровневость струк-туры социального инжиниринга науки и инноваций.
Пространства в составе комплекса приобретают качества инклюзивности и открытости.
Ослабление пространственных связей человека с местом его работы влечёт за собой полицентричность возникновения обособленных платформ, образованных по типу коворкингов как формы развития системы пространств социального инжиниринга вне границ научно-инновационного комплекса.
Пространства социального инжиниринга всё больше становятся местами междисциплинарного общения для решения научных и инновационных задач. Происходит стирание пространственных границ между академическими исследовани-ями и коммерческими разработками.
Перевод индустриальных территорий на современное высокотехнологичное развитие сопровождается созданием центров социального взаимодействия и междисциплинарного общения кооперированного/долевого пользования.
В городской среде происходит создание крупных многофункциональных креативных общественных пространств, где объединяются функции популяризации, просвещения, информации, социального общения, развлечения.