bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental flow assessment in a lake‐marsh system with reverse seasonal hydrological patterns
Authors: Qin Jinglan , Yin Xin‐an , Qiu Xintian , Liu Hongrui , Zhang Enze , Sun Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEnvironmental flow (e‐flow) assessment is essential for the ecological protection and restoration of lake‐marsh systems. Previous studies on e‐flow assessment for lake‐marsh systems focused on lake‐marsh systems with natural seasonal hydrological patterns (i.e., low water level in winter and high water level in summer). However, they have not considered lake‐marsh systems with reverse seasonal hydrological patterns (i.e., high water level in winter and low water level in summer). The reverse seasonal hydrological patterns impose seriously negative impacts on waterbirds, because the hydrological patterns could lead to limited plant germination in spring and massive plant death in summer, leaving few plants available as food for waterbirds in winter, and could consequently reduce the sheltering and forageable areas for waterbirds. This study took Hongze Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve in China as the study area. Based on the habitat requirements of waterbirds, the sheltering and forageable areas for waterbirds under different water‐depth and aquatic plant distribution scenarios were calculated. By exploring the impacts of reverse seasonal hydrological processes on waterbird habitats, we determined the necessary e‐flows for lake‐marsh systems with reverse seasonal hydrological patterns to meet the needs of waterbird habitat. The results showed that the water level of Hongze Lake should be controlled to 13.0–13.1 m in March, 12.5–12.6 m in July, and 12.9–13.0 m in October, which can meet the needs of waterbirds for both shelter and foraging.
International trends in incidence of osteosarcoma (1988‐2012)
Authors: Rojas Gabriela A. , Hubbard Aubrey K. , Diessner Brandon J. , Ribeiro Karina B. , Spector Logan G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. The etiology of OS is largely unknown but may be informed by comparisons of incidence and trends between geographic regions. Using the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) data from 1988 to 2012, we present OS age‐standardized incidence rates (ASRs; cases/million) and average annual percent change (AAPC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by geographic region among the age groups 0‐9, 10‐19, 20‐29, 30‐59, 60‐79, 0‐79. Among the 10‐19 age group, we also used the most recent data (2008‐2012) to present the ASRs for each country. We observed little variation in OS incidence between geographic regions in 2008‐2012 across all age groups. Overall, the ASR for 0‐79 ranged from 2 cases per million in Southern Asia to 4.2 in Sub‐Saharan Africa. A bimodal distribution in incidence was observed with peaks in the 10‐19 and 60‐79 age groups across all regions over time. Overall, OS incidence was relatively stable across 1988‐2012 with the only statistically significant increases in the 0‐79 age group observed in Eastern Asia (AAPC: 1.8; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.9) and Sub‐Saharan Africa (AAPC: 3.1; 95% CI: 0.5, 5.8). The small variation in incidence between regions and the stability in incidence over time suggests that OS carcinogenesis is not influenced by environmental or time‐varying exposures.
Comparative international incidence of Ewing sarcoma 1988 to 2012
Authors: Spector Logan G. , Hubbard Aubrey K. , Diessner Brandon J. , Machiela Mitchell J. , Webber Beau R. , Schiffman Joshua D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEwing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. There are few known epidemiological or genetic risk factors for ES. Numerous reports describe incidence rates and trends within the United States, but international comparisons are sparse. We used the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) data to estimate age standardized incidence rates (ASRs; cases per million) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), male‐to‐female incidence rate ratios (IRRs; 95% CI), and the average annual percent change in incidence (AAPC; 95% CI) for ES by geographic region for children and adults aged 0 to 49 years. We also estimated the ASR for each country or country subpopulation among the 10‐ to 19‐year‐old age range; capturing the peak incidence of ES. In total, 15 874 ES cases ages 0 to 49 were reported in the CI5 series between 1988 and 2012. AAPC estimates varied by age group and geographic region. Most of the statistically significant AAPCs showed an increased incidence over time; the only statistically significant decreases in incidence were observed among 20‐ to 29‐year‐olds and 30‐ to 39‐year‐olds in Southern Asia at −1.93% and −1.67%. When categorized by predominant ancestry, we observed countries and subpopulations with predominately African, East Asian, and Southeast Asian ancestry had the lowest incidence rates, whereas Pacific Islanders and populations with predominantly European and North African/Middle Eastern ancestry had the highest. An excess incidence in males was observed in most regions. Our results highlight substantial variation in ES incidence across geographic populations, reflecting potential ancestral influence on disease risk.
Prediagnosis and postdiagnosis leisure time physical activity and survival following diagnosis with ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Townsend Mary K. , Eliassen A. Heather , Terry Kathryn L. , Song Mingyang , Irwin Melinda L. , Tworoger Shelley S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the influence of prediagnosis and postdiagnosis physical activity on ovarian cancer survival. We investigated this association in two large cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. Analyses included 1461 women with confirmed invasive, epithelial ovarian cancer and data on physical activity. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ovarian cancer‐specific mortality. Ovarian cancer‐specific mortality was not associated with physical activity reported 1‐8 years before diagnosis overall (≥7.5 vs <1.5 MET‐hours/week, HR = 0.96), for high‐grade serous/ poorly differentiated tumors, or non‐serous/ low‐grade serous tumors (P‐heterogeneity = .45). An inverse association was observed for activity 1‐4 years after diagnosis (≥7.5 vs <1.5 MET‐hours/week, HR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.48‐0.94), with similar results by histotype (P‐heterogeneity = .53). Women who decreased their activity from ≥7.5 MET‐hours/week 1‐8 years before diagnosis to <7.5 MET‐hours/week 1‐4 years after diagnosis, compared to those with <7.5 MET‐hours/week across periods, had a 49% increased risk of death (HR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.07‐2.08). Physical activity after, but not before, ovarian cancer diagnosis was associated with better prognosis.
A new method for volumetric measurement of the normal female cervix by three‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasound
Authors: Prka Matija , Despot Albert , Brnčić Fischer Alemka , Haller Herman , Tikvica Luetić Ana , Habek Dubravko 
Published: May 2021

SynopsisA new and simple method for volumetric measurement of a normal female cervix by three‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasound, using a geometric formula for elliptic cylinders.
Caregiver stress and cultural identity in families of preschoolers with developmental delay and behavioral problems
Authors: Conroy Kristina , Frech Natalie , Sanchez Amanda L. , Hagan Mary B. , Bagner Daniel M. , Comer Jonathan S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionResearch on families of young children with developmental delay and disruptive behavior problems has failed to examine caregiver stress in the context of cultural factors.MethodsFamilies of 3‐year‐old children with developmental delay and behavior problems were recruited from Early Intervention sites. All caregivers in the current analysis (n = 147) were from immigrant and/or cultural minority backgrounds. Regarding income‐to‐needs, most families (57.8%) fell into the extreme poverty, poor, or low‐income categories. Caregivers reported on their own experiences of acculturation and enculturation as well as their child's problems.ResultsPath analyses revealed that higher caregiver acculturation was associated with less parenting‐specific stress, and higher caregiver enculturation was associated with less caregiver general stress. Severity of child problems was associated with more parenting‐specific stress and general stress. Exploratory analysis yielded significant differences in associations between acculturation, enculturation, and caregiver stress in Black/African American caregivers versus Hispanic White caregivers.ConclusionFindings suggest that among cultural minority caregivers of young children with developmental and behavioral problems, acculturation and enculturation may influence caregiver stress. While the cross‐sectional nature of the study precludes causal conclusions, clinicians should consider how cultural factors can be harnessed to strengthen caregiver resiliency and improve engagement in parenting interventions.
Investigation of water‐insoluble hydrophobic polyethylenimines as RNAi vehicles in chronic myeloid leukemia therapy
Authors: Ansari Aysha S. , K.C. Remant , Jiang Xiaoyan , Uludaǧ Hasan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) more than two decades ago opened avenues for avant‐garde cancer treatments that possess the ability to evade issues hampering current chemotherapeutic strategies, owing to its specific gene sequence‐driven mechanism of action. A potent short interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery vehicle designed to overcome physiological barriers is imperative for successful RNAi therapy. For this purpose, this study explored the characteristics and therapeutic efficacy of low‐molecular weight (MW) polyethylenimine (PEI) with high cholesterol substitution, yielding water‐insoluble polymers, in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells. A strong impact of cholesterol grafting on the physicochemical attributes of the resultant polymers and their corresponding complexes with siRNA was observed, with the siRNA binding capacity of polymers increasing and complex dissociation sensitivity decreasing with increase in cholesterol content of the polymers. The modified polymer complexes were significantly smaller in size and possessed higher cationic charge compared to the parent polymer. The interaction with anionic heparan sulfate preoteoglycans present on the cell surface was significant in cellular uptake of the complexes. The therapeutic efficacy of siRNA/polymer complexes was reflected in their ability to effectively silence the reporter green fluorescent protein gene and endogenous CML oncogene BCR‐ABL as well as significantly inhibit colony formation by K562 cells post BCR‐ABL silencing. The results of this study demonstrated beneficial effects of high levels of hydrophobic substitution on low MW PEI on their functional performance bestowing them the potential to be potent RNAi agents for CML therapy.
Mechanical and in vitro biological properties of uniform and graded Cobalt‐chrome lattice structures in orthopedic implants
Authors: Pagani Stefania , Liverani Erica , Giavaresi Gianluca , De Luca Angela , Belvedere Claudio , Fortunato Alessandro , Leardini Alberto , Fini Milena , Tomesani Luca , Caravaggi Paolo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman bones are biological examples of functionally graded lattice capable to withstand large in vivo loading and allowing optimal stress distribution. Disruption of bone integrity may require biocompatible implants capable to restore the original bone structure and properties. This study aimed at comparing mechanical properties and biological behavior in vitro of uniform (POR‐FIX) and graded (POR‐VAR) Cobalt‐chrome alloy lattice structures manufactured via Selective Laser Melting. In compression, the POR‐VAR equivalent maximum stress was about 2.5 times lower than that of the POR‐FIX. According to the DIC analysis, the graded lattice structures showed a stratified deformation associated to unit cells variation. At each timepoint, osteoblast cells were observed to colonize the surface and the first layer of both scaffolds. Cell activity was always significantly higher in the POR‐VAR (p < 0.0005). In terms of gene expression, theOPG/RANKLratio increased significantly over time (p < 0.0005) whereasIL1βandCOX2significantly decreased (7 day vs 1 day;p < 0.0005) in both scaffolds. Both uniform‐ and graded‐porosity scaffolds provided a suitable environment for osteoblasts colonization and proliferation, but graded structures seem to represent a better solution to improve stress distribution between implant and bone of orthopedic implants.
Extracorporeal photopheresis vs standard therapies for steroid‐refractory chronic graft‐vs‐host disease: Pharmacoeconomic assessment of hospital resource use in Spain
Authors: Boluda Blanca , Solana‐Altabella Antonio , Cano Isabel , Acuña‐Cruz Evelyn , Rodríguez‐Veiga Rebeca , Ballesta‐López Octavio , Megías‐Vericat Juan Eduardo , Martínez‐Cuadrón David , Gómez Ines , Solves Pilar , Lorenzo Ignacio , Piñana Jose Luis , Sanz Jaime , Guerreiro Manuel , Montoro Gómez Juan , Díaz‐González Alvaro , Marco Javier , Blanco Albert , Sanz Miguel Á. , Montesinos Pau 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed pharmacoeconomic costs associated with extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) compared with other available second‐line therapies for chronic graft‐vs‐host disease (cGvHD) in a tertiary Spanish institution.MethodsPatients (≥18 years) diagnosed with steroid‐refractory cGvHD were eligible. Data were collected retrospectively from index date until 1 year or relapse. Patients were distributed in two cohorts (ECP vs non‐ECP), matched by age (≤ or > 40), hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HLA‐identical sibling donor or other) and number of previous immunosuppressive lines (1, 2, or ≥ 3). Costs were assigned using the 2016 diagnosis‐related group (DRG) system: DRG 579 (€22 383) overnight stay due to major complication (ie, sepsis, pneumonia, parenteral nutrition, or respiratory failure), and DRG 875 (€5154) if no major complication. The primary endpoint was healthcare resource utilization per patient.ResultsForty patients (n = 20 per cohort) were included. Median age was 49, and 37.5% were female. Mean total cost per patient was €25 319 (95% CI: €17 049–€33 590) across the two cohorts, with a slightly lower mean cost per ECP‐treated patient (€23 120) compared with the non‐ECP cohort (€27 519; P = .597). Twenty‐seven inpatient hospitalizations occurred among ECP‐treated patients, vs 33 in the non‐ECP cohort. Day hospital and external consultations were more frequent in the ECP cohort. However, fewer inpatient admissions included DRG 579 compared with the non‐ECP cohort (44% vs 58%). Inpatient length of stay was slightly shorter in the ECP cohort (30 vs 49 days; P = .298).ConclusionsECP treatment may yield economic savings in Spain through resource savings and moving costs toward outpatient care.
Exposure to stressful and traumatic life events in hoarding: Comparison to clinical controls
Authors: Ouellette Mélise J. , Rowa Karen , Soreni Noam , Elcock Ashleigh , McCabe Randi E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with hoarding report stressful and traumatic life events at an elevated rate compared with those with obsessive‐compulsive disorder and healthy controls, but have not been compared with other clinical groups. This study compared rates of traumatic life events between those with clinically significant hoarding, anxiety disorders, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), hypothesizing that rates would be higher in the hoarding and PTSD groups than the anxiety group.MethodsRates of traumatic and stressful events were compared across groups.ResultsAll comparisons across groups on types of events were significant (partial‐eta squared 0.051–0.162). The hoarding group endorsed significantly more crime‐related events but similar rates of other events as compared to the PTSD and anxiety disorder groups.ConclusionThese findings suggest that many stressful and traumatic life events are not uniquely elevated in hoarding when compared with other clinical populations.
The impact of illness identity on recovery from severe mental illness: A test of the model
Authors: Yanos Philip T. , Adams Shane , Roe David , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe Illness Identity model posits that self‐stigma reduces hope and self‐esteem among persons with severe mental illnesses, impacting a range of outcomes. The “insight paradox” anticipates that the negative effects of self‐stigma are amplified by insight. This study tested these predictions using both cluster and path analyses.MethodA total of 117 participants meeting the criteria for schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders completed measures of self‐stigma, self‐esteem, hopelessness, insight, social functioning, coping, and symptoms.ResultsCluster analysis supported the insight paradox; persons with low self‐stigma/high insight had fewer psychiatric symptoms and better interpersonal functioning than persons with high self‐stigma/low insight. Path analysis did not support the insight paradox, but indicated that self‐stigma and insight impact different outcomes.DiscussionFindings suggest that support for the predictions of the Illness Identity model and insight paradox are supported may depend on analytic method.ConclusionsFinding suggest that the benefits of self‐stigma reduction may be constrained by insight.
A qualitative exploration of psychosocial well‐being experiences in a South African rural community
Authors: Koen Vicki , Robertson Neville D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore and describe the psychosocial well‐being experiences of a South African rural community. The study employed a qualitative explorative‐descriptive research design in which participants (n = 20) were sampled through purposive sampling and participated in a world café session. Data were analyzed thematically. The findings identify three main themes with subthemes, namely contributing factors to psychosocial well‐being (such as spirituality/religion and community cohesion), hindering factors to psychosocial well‐being (such as crime and unemployment), and means to promote psychosocial well‐being (such as provision of infrastructure). The findings provide insight into the psychosocial well‐being experiences of an understudied and vulnerable South African rural community and makes recommendations for future research.
Robotics‐assisted high‐throughput catalytic investigation of PVP nanoparticles in the oxidation of morin
Authors: Potgieter Kariska , Meijboom Reinout 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDConventional methods used to evaluate the activity of catalysts are time consuming and tedious, which only several catalysts can successfully be discovered. By employing robotics, this approach can be shorted tremendously. A robotics‐assisted high‐throughput system for the fast and effective catalytic evaluation of Pd‐ and Au‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated.RESULTSPalladium and gold PVP NPs were synthesised by employing ethylene glycol in the polyol method. These NPs were evaluated for the oxidation of morin using a high‐throughput system, including a liquid handling robot, a 96‐well plate and a microplate reader. The catalyst concentration variation step for both catalysts (Pd‐ and Au‐PVP NPs) was performed in one experiment in a 96‐well plate. A concentration range, including 12 concentrations in four replicates, was investigated simultaneously. Therefore, with one experiment, the optimal concentration of both catalysts could be determined. A similar approach was followed for the concentration variation steps of morin and hydrogen peroxide at different temperatures. This was done to determine the effect of concentration on the observed rate (kobs).CONCLUSIONThe catalytic oxidative degradation of morin can be investigated in a fast and effective way by employing robotics and a high‐throughput system. This system can also be applied to screen catalysts (homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst) and the parallel synthesis of nanoparticles – particularly dendrimer‐encapsulated nanoparticles. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Stem cell culture media enriched with plant‐derived compounds: Cell differentiation enhancement
Authors: Chairez‐Cantu Karolina , Ornelas‐González Alonso , Ortiz‐Martínez Margarita , González‐González Mirna , Rito‐Palomares Marco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of cell therapies to replace lost or damaged cells has attracted interest in the regenerative medicine field due to the multilineage differentiation ability of stem cells. However, there are some drawbacks regarding optimization in the differentiation protocols to obtain high efficiency and further translation into clinic settings, which have led to the identification of specific compounds that could overcome these challenges. For years, plants have been associated with useful therapeutic effects for the treatment of some human diseases due to their high content of bioactive compounds. These plant derivatives act as growth factors that could either modulate or promote cell differentiation by the activation of specific signaling pathways. In this context, the administration of stem cells supplemented with these compounds could have better outcomes as a treatment. Hence, supplementing stem cell culture with plant derivatives represents a cost‐effective strategy, as the purification of plant extracts is of relatively low cost compared to the production of recombinant growth factors, and also their use facilitates the compliance of good manufacturing practice guidelines compared to xenogeneic compounds. This review aims to describe the mechanism of action of the most well‐studied plant derivatives involved in cell differentiation enhancement, particularly in osteogenic and neural lineages. Additionally, current trends and challenges that must be addressed for successful implementation in clinical applications are discussed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
In situ product recovery as a strategy for bioprocess integration and depletion of inhibitory products
Authors: Salas‐Villalobos Ulises A , Gómez‐Acata Rígel V , Castillo‐Reyna Josefina , Aguilar Oscar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicrobial growth inhibition by end‐products is an undesirable behavior that causes low yields and reduces the overall productivity and feasibility of fermentative bioprocesses. Classic downstream processing techniques have been explored widely to attenuate this behavior by integrating them with the upstream operations. These in situ extraction techniques appear as an attractive alternative to increase titers and consequently total recovery and/or purification. This also reduces the number of downstream operations and thus the time and final cost of the bioprocess. In the present work, process integration at the earliest stage of a bioprocess – the bioreactor – is presented as an attractive strategy to facilitate primary recovery and in some cases to overcome end‐product microbial inhibition. A careful revision of selected strategies, from classical to hybrid techniques for in situ product recovery, is presented along with pros and cons, to give the reader a general overview of different experimental strategies and selection criteria that can be generally applied to different bioproducts/bioprocesses. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).