bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H∞ output quantized control for networked control systems under resilient event‐triggered mechanism and aperiodic denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Gao Lisai , Li Fuqiang , Fu Jingqi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper studies H∞ output quantized control for networked control systems (NCSs) under resilient event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) and aperiodic denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. First, by integrating attack information into triggering conditions, an output‐based resilient ETM is introduced. Second, a switched system model is established, which integrates impacts of aperiodic jammer, resilient ETM, quantization, and disturbances into a unified framework. Third, less conservative exponential stability criteria are obtained with guaranteed H∞ performance. Further, sufficient conditions for co‐designing dynamic output feedback controller and resilient ETM are presented. Finally, an example confirms effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Unlocking the structural features for the xylobiohydrolase activity of an unusual GH11 member identified in a compost‐derived consortium
Authors: Kadowaki Marco A. S. , Briganti Lorenzo , Evangelista Danilo E. , Echevarría‐Poza Alberto , Tryfona Theodora , Pellegrini Vanessa O. A. , Nakayama Darlan G. , Dupree Paul , Polikarpov Igor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe heteropolysaccharide xylan is a valuable source of sustainable chemicals and materials from renewable biomass sources. A complete hydrolysis of this major hemicellulose component requires a diverse set of enzymes including endo‐β‐1,4‐xylanases, β‐xylosidases, acetylxylan esterases, α‐l‐arabinofuranosidases, and α‐glucuronidases. Notably, the most studied xylanases from glycoside hydrolase family 11 (GH11) have exclusively been endo‐β‐1,4‐ and β‐1,3‐xylanases. However, a recent analysis of a metatranscriptome library from a microbial lignocellulose community revealed GH11 enzymes capable of releasing solely xylobiose from xylan. Although initial biochemical studies clearly indicated their xylobiohydrolase mode of action, the structural features that drive this new activity still remained unclear. It was also not clear whether the enzymes acted on the reducing or nonreducing end of the substrate. Here, we solved the crystal structure of MetXyn11 in the apo and xylobiose‐bound forms. The structure of MetXyn11 revealed the molecular features that explain the observed pattern on xylooligosaccharides released by this nonreducing end xylobiohydrolase.
Influence of fractional flow reserve on grafts patency: Systematic review and patient‐level meta‐analysis
Authors: G. Toth Gabor , Collet Carlos , Langhoff Thuesen Anne , Mizukami Takuya , Casselman Filip , Riber Lars Peter , Van Praet Frank , Junker Anders , Nagumo Sakura , De Bruyne Bernard , Okkels Jensen Lisette , Barbato Emanuele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of invasive functional guidance for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) on graft failure.BackgroundData on the impact of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in guiding CABG are still limited.MethodsSystematic review and individual patient data meta‐analysis were performed. Primary objective was the risk of graft failure, stratified by FFR. Risk estimates are reported as odds ratios (ORs) derived from the aggregated data using random‐effects models. Individual patient data were analyzed using mixed effect model to assess relationship between FFR and graft failure. This meta‐analysis is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180444).ResultsFour prospective studies comprising 503 patients referred for CABG, with 1471 coronaries, assessed by FFR were included. Graft status was available for 1039 conduits at median of 12.0 [IQR 6.6; 12.0] months. Risk of graft failure was higher in vessels with preserved FFR (OR 5.74, 95% CI 1.71–19.29). Every 0.10 FFR units decrease in the coronaries was associated with 56% risk reduction of graft failure (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.59). FFR cut‐off to predict graft failure was 0.79.ConclusionSurgical grafting of coronaries with functionally nonsignificant stenoses was associated with higher risk of graft failure.
Enhanced Catalytic Performance of Fe‐containing HZSM‐5 for Ethane Non‐Oxidative Dehydrogenation via Hydrothermal Post‐Treatment
Authors: Wu Lizhi , Fu Zhiyuan , Ren Zhuangzhuang , Wei Jinhe , Gao Xinhua , Tan Li , Tang Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA facile strategy is applied to construct Fe supported ZSM‐5 (Fe/HZ5‐HTS) via hydrothermal post‐treatment and applied to ethane non‐oxidative dehydrogenation. Compared with Fe/HZ5‐IWI prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, Fe/HZ5‐HTS exhibits superior catalytic activity and long catalyst stability with 6000 minutes time‐on‐stream. An obvious volcanic curve is observed between the ethylene generation rate and Fe content, and 1.0Fe/HZ5‐HTS exhibits the highest ethylene generation rate with 0.166 mmol C2H4 s−1 gFe−1 over different Fe loading, which is twice as much as that of 1.0Fe/HZ5‐IWI. According to various characterizations, isolated Fe3+ species and carburized Fe species are active sites, and the better catalytic performance over 1.0Fe/HZ5‐HTS is ascribed to more disperse Fe species and exposing more Fe species in the surface. Besides, the lower ethylene desorption temperature and higher ethane desorption temperature over Fe/HZ5‐HTS could suppress the overreaction of the ethylene to generate coke and increase ethane residence reaction time, resulting in less coke deposition and facilitating the catalytic performance.
Application of poultry litter and moisture effects on rye–ryegrass–fescue baleage
Authors: Nieman Christine C. , Coblentz Wayne K. , Coffey Kenneth P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSubsurface poultry litter application improves nutrient utilization compared with surface application through reduced nutrient runoff, and increased forage nutritive value. This study compared the effects of subsurface (SUB) or surface (SURF) poultry litter application against controls (CON; no litter) for baled silages made at high moisture (HM) or low moisture at (LM) Booneville, AR, in 2018. Mixtures of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.] baled silages were compared for nutritive value and silage fermentation characteristics. Data were analyzed as a split‐plot design with three fertilizer treatments as whole plots, and initial bale moisture as subplots. Pre‐ensiled P and K were greater (P < .05) for the mean of SURF and SUB than for CON. Neutral detergent fiber was greater (P = .02) in CON versus the mean of SURF and SUB. In post‐ensiled bales, propionic (P < .05) and succinic acid (P < .05) concentrations were greater in the mean of SURF and SUB than in CON, and greater in SUB than in SURF. Moisture had positive (P < 0.05) relationships with fermentation acids, and negative relationships with pH, water‐soluble carbohydrates, and starch. Overall, very few differences between SUB and SURF were detected, baleage nutritive value was not improved with SUB poultry litter application, and fermentation characteristics were most affected by the initial bale moisture.
Highly Sensitive Fluorescent pH Microsensors Based on the Ratiometric Dye Pyranine Immobilized on Silica Microparticles
Authors: Chandra Anil , Prasad Saumya , Iuele Helena , Colella Francesco , Rizzo Riccardo , D'Amone Eliana , Gigli Giuseppe , del Mercato Loretta L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPyranine (HPTS) is a remarkably interesting pH‐sensitive dye that has been used for plenty of applications. Its high quantum yield and extremely sensitive ratiometric fluorescence against pH change makes it a very favorable for pH‐sensing applications and the development of pH nano‐/microsensors. However, its strong negative charge and lack of easily modifiable functional groups makes it difficult to use with charged substrates such as silica. This study reports a methodology for noncovalent HPTS immobilization on silica microparticles that considers the retention of pH sensitivity as well as the long‐term stability of the pH microsensors. The study emphasizes the importance of surface charge for governing the sensitivity of the immobilized HPTS dye molecules on silica microparticles. The importance of the immobilization methodology, which preserves the sensitivity and stability of the microsensors, is also assessed.
Biosurfactant production by native marine bacteria (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus P1‐1A) using waste carbon sources: Impact of process conditions
Authors: Moshtagh Bahareh , Hawboldt Kelly , Zhang Baiyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe high cost of biosurfactant production is an obstacle for widespread commercial applications. Cost‐effective generation of biosurfactants could be achieved using industrial wastes and by‐products as substrates and tailoring cultural conditions. In this work, waste streams including refined waste cooking oil and crude glycerol were compared to each other and to commercial carbon sources. Based on this assessment, the waste cooking oil was selected for further studies. A response surface methodology (RSM) was then used to study biosurfactant production by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus P1‐1A strain (a strain indigenous to the North Atlantic Ocean) using the refined waste cooking oil as the sole carbon source. The concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and NaCl, as well as the initial pH and temperature were varied. The emulsification index was measured as the response. The cultural conditions to reach the maximum emulsification index (68.17%) were 0.0435 v/v (4.35 vol.%) refined waste cooking oil, 6.5 g/L ammonium sulphate, 13.5 g/L NaCl, initial pH of 7.7, and temperature of 34.8°C. The experimental validation of the predicted response under optimum conditions was performed with 862 mg/L of the biosurfactant product generated. The product showed high thermal, pH, and salinity stability. The use of this indigenous bacteria combined with the use of a no‐cost carbon source from waste has the potential to not only reduce costs associated with biosurfactant production but also to produce a biosurfactant better suited to treat oil spills in the harsh environment of the North Atlantic and other cold waters.
Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Evaluation of Tubulin‐Targeting Dibenzothiazines with Antiproliferative Activity as a Novel Heterocycle Building Block
Authors: Guerra Walter D. , Lucena‐Agell Daniel , Hortigüela Rafael , Rossi Roberto A. , Fernando Díaz J. , Padrón José M. , Barolo Silvia M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe prepared a series of free NH and N‐substituted dibenzonthiazines with potential anti‐tumor activity from N‐aryl‐benzenesulfonamides. A biological test of synthesized compounds (59 samples) was performed in vitro measuring their antiproliferative activity against a panel of six human solid tumor cell lines and its tubulin inhibitory activity. We identified 6‐(phenylsulfonyl)‐6H‐dibenzo[c,e][1,2]thiazine 5,5‐dioxide and 6‐tosyl‐6H‐dibenzo[c,e][1,2]thiazine 5,5‐dioxide as the best compounds with promising values of activity (overall range of 2–5.4 μM). Herein, we report the dibenzothiazine core as a novel building block with antiproliferative activity, targeting tubulin dynamics.
Translational Pharmacogenomics: Discovery, Evidence Synthesis and Delivery of Race‐Conscious Medicine
Authors: Davis Brittney H. , Limdi Nita A. 
Published: July 2021

Response to medications, the principal treatment modality for acute and chronic diseases, is highly variable, with 40–70% of patients exhibiting lack of efficacy or adverse drug reactions. With ~ 15–30% of this variability explained by genetic variants, pharmacogenomics has become a valuable tool in our armamentarium for optimizing treatments and is poised to play an increasing role in clinical care. This review presents the progress made toward elucidating genetic underpinnings of drug response including discovery of race/ancestry‐specific pharmacogenetic variants and discusses the current evidence and evidence framework for actionability. The review is framed in the context of changing demographics and evolving views related to race and ancestry. Finally, it highlights the vital role played by cohort studies in elucidating genetic differences in drug response across race and ancestry and the informal collaborations that have enabled the field to bridge the “bench to bedside” translational gap.
Reductive C−N Coupling of Nitroarenes: Heterogenization of MoO3 Catalyst by Confinement in Silica
Authors: Yang Fu , Dong Xuexue , Shen Yang , Liu Mengting , Zhou Hu , Wang Xuyu , Li Lulu , Yuan Aihua , Song Heng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe construction of C−N bonds with nitroaromatics and boronic acids using highly efficient and recyclable catalysts remains a challenge. In this study, nanoporous MoO3 confined in silica serves as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for C−N cross‐coupling of nitroaromatics with aryl or alkyl boronic acids to deliver N‐arylamines and with desirable multiple reusability. Experimental results suggest that silica not only heterogenizes the Mo species in the confined mesoporous microenvironment but also significantly reduces the reaction induction period and regulates the chemical efficiency of the targeted product. The well‐shaped MoO3@m−SiO2 catalyst exhibits improved catalytic performance both in yield and turnover number, in contrast with homogeneous Mo catalysts, commercial Pd/C, or MoO3 nanoparticles. This approach offers a new avenue for the heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of valuable bioactive molecules.
Organic fertility inputs synergistically increase denitrification‐derived nitrous oxide emissions in agroecosystems
Authors: Saha Debasish , Kaye Jason P. , Bhowmik Arnab , Bruns Mary Ann , Wallace John M. , Kemanian Armen R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoil fertility in organic agriculture relies on microbial cycling of nutrient inputs from legume cover crops and animal manure. However, large quantities of labile carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in these amendments may promote the production and emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soils. Better ecological understanding of the N2O emission controls may lead to new management strategies to reduce these emissions. We measured soil N2O emission for two growing seasons in four corn–soybean–winter grain rotations with tillage, cover crop, and manure management variations typical of organic agriculture in temperate and humid North America. To identify N2O production pathways and mitigation opportunities, we supplemented N2O flux measurements with determinations of N2O isotopomer composition and microbiological genomic DNA abundances in microplots where we manipulated cover crop and manure additions. The N input from legume‐rich cover crops and manure prior to corn planting made the corn phase the main source of N2O emissions, averaging 9.8 kg/ha of N2O‐N and representing 80% of the 3‐yr rotations’ total emissions. Nitrous oxide emissions increased sharply when legume cover crop and manure inputs exceeded 1.8 and 4 Mg/ha (dry matter), respectively. Removing the legume aboveground biomass before corn planting to prevent co‐location of fresh biomass and manure decreased N2O emissions by 60% during the corn phase. The co‐occurrence of peak N2O emission and high carbon dioxide emission suggests that oxygen (O2) consumption likely caused hypoxia and bacterial denitrification. This interpretation is supported by the N2O site preference values trending towards denitrification during peak emissions with limited N2O reduction, as revealed by the N2O δ15N and δ18O and the decrease in clade I nosZ gene abundance following incorporation of cover crops and manure. Thus, accelerated microbial O2 consumption seems to be a critical control of N2O emissions in systems with large additions of decomposable C and N substrates. Because many agricultural systems rely on combined fertility inputs from legumes and manures, our research suggests that controlling the rate and timing of organic input additions, as well as preventing the co‐location of legume cover crops and manure, could mitigate N2O emissions.
Wing transparency in butterflies and moths: structural diversity, optical properties, and ecological relevance
Authors: Gomez Doris , Pinna Charline , Pairraire Jonathan , Arias Mónica , Barbut Jérôme , Pomerantz Aaron , Daney de Marcillac Willy , Berthier Serge , Patel Nipam , Andraud Christine , Elias Marianne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn water, transparency seems an ideal concealment strategy, as testified by the variety of transparent aquatic organisms. By contrast, transparency is nearly absent on land, with the exception of insect wings, and knowledge is scarce about its functions and evolution, with fragmentary studies and no comparative perspective. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) represent an outstanding group to investigate transparency on land, as species typically harbor opaque wings covered with colored scales, a key multifunctional innovation. Yet, many Lepidoptera species have evolved partially or fully transparent wings. At the interface between physics and biology, the present study investigates wing transparency in 123 Lepidoptera species (from 31 families) for its structural basis, optical properties, and biological relevance in relation to visual detection (concealment), thermoregulation, and protection against UV. Our results suggest that transparency has likely evolved multiple times independently. Efficiency at transmitting light is largely determined by clearwing microstructure (scale shape, insertion, coloration, dimensions, and density) and macrostructure (clearwing area, species size, or wing area). Microstructural traits, scale density and dimensions, are tightly linked in their evolution, with different constraints according to scale shape, insertion, and coloration. Transparency appears highly relevant for concealment, with size‐dependent variations. Links between transparency and latitude are consistent with an ecological relevance of transparency in thermoregulation, and not so for protection against UV radiation. Altogether, our results shed new light on the physical and ecological processes driving the evolution of transparency on land and underline that transparency is a more complex coloration strategy than previously thought.
Responses of soil respiration to rainfall depth and frequency in semiarid grassland communities
Authors: Zhang He , Xiong Peifeng , Jia Zhao , Zhou Junjie , Niu Furong , Xu Bingcheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate change is increasing the extreme precipitation depth and frequency, which may cause a strong response of ecological processes in drought regions. To investigate how rainfall depth and frequency alter soil respiration (SR), a rainfall simulation experiment was conducted in grassland communities dominated by Artemisia gmelinii and Lespedeza davurica in Loess Plateau of China. SR rate (Rs), soil temperature (Ts) and soil volumetric water content (Sv) were monitored before and after the rainfall treatments, that is, four depths (5, 10, 20 and 40 mm) and three frequencies (40 mm × 1, 20 mm × 2 and 10 mm × 4) during the growing season (June to September). Results indicated that the response magnitude of Rs increased with rainfall depths, reaching the maximum under 40 mm, and the increments were tightly related to rainfall frequency and community type. The increase and mean value of Rs in A. gmelinii community were significantly higher than those in L. davurica and bare land under same rainfall depth. L. davurica community was more sensitive to rainfall lower than 10 mm, whereas it had weaker but longer response under rainfall larger than 10 mm compared with A. gmelinii community. Successive rainfall events dampened the pulse effect of Rs but generated more cumulative CO2 emission in vegetation communities. Ts and Sv varied significantly with rainfall depth and co‐regulated SR. These findings implied more CO2 will be released from soil in the semiarid grasslands under extreme and successive rainfalls and emphasized the importance of species impact on SR for soil carbon evaluation under future rainfall regimes.
Proteomics to improve phenotyping in obese patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Kresoja Karl‐Patrik , Rommel Karl‐Philipp , Wachter Rolf , Henger Sylvia , Besler Christian , Klöting Nora , Schnelle Moritz , Hoffmann Anne , Büttner Petra , Ceglarek Uta , Thiele Holger , Scholz Markus , Edelmann Frank , Blüher Matthias , Lurz Philipp 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsRecent evidence points towards a distinct obese phenotype among patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We aimed to identify differentially expressed circulating biomarkers in obese HFpEF patients and link them to disease severity and outcomes.Methods and resultsFrom the LIFE‐Heart study, 999 patients with HFpEF and 999 patients without heart failure (no‐HF) were selected and 92 circulating serum biomarkers were measured using a proximity extension assay. Elevation of identified biomarkers was validated in 220 patients from the Aldo‐DHF trial with diagnosed HFpEF. HFpEF patients were older and had more comorbidities including coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes as compared to no‐HF patients (P < 0.05 for all). After adjusting for covariates, adrenomedullin (ADM), galectin‐9 (Gal‐9), thrombospondin‐2 (THBS‐2), CD4, and tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL‐R2) were significantly higher in obese HFpEF patients [body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, n = 464] as compared to lean HFpEF (BMI <30 kg/m2, n = 535) and obese no‐HF patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2, n = 387) (P < 0.001 for both); these findings were verified in the Aldo‐DHF validation cohort (P < 0.001). Except for CD4 these proteins were associated with increased estimates of left atrial pressure in a linear fashion. Importantly, ADM and CD4 were associated with increased mortality in obese HFpEF patients after adjusting for covariates.ConclusionObese HFpEF patients exhibit higher circulating biomarkers of volume expansion (ADM), myocardial fibrosis (THBS‐2) and systemic inflammation (Gal‐9, CD4) compared to obese non‐HFpEF or lean HFpEF patients. These findings support the clinical definition of a distinct obese HFpEF phenotype and might merit further investigation.
Unraveling All‐Inorganic CsPbI3 and CsPbI2Br Perovskite Thin Films Formation – Black Phase Stabilization by Cs2PbCl2I2 Addition and Flash‐Annealing
Authors: Breniaux Edouard , Dufour Pascal , Guillemet‐Fritsch Sophie , Tenailleau Christophe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhase formation and transformation of 3D inorganic halide perovskites CsPbI3 and CsPbI2Br were investigated by in‐situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) in nitrogen or air from 30 °C up to 320 °C. Thin films were obtained by spin‐coating of a liquid solution of salt precursors dissolved in DMSO under normal conditions. XRD data analysis, by using the Le Bail method, evidenced for the first time, to our knowledge, the spontaneous crystallization of black orthorhombic γ phase at ambient temperature, for both 3D perovskite phases. For once, this black γ phase could be studied upon heating. It transforms to the black tetragonal β and cubic α phases. The reverse transitions were also evidenced upon cooling. The influence of the all‐inorganic 2D Cs2PbI2Cl2 material addition over the black phase stability was unprecedently analyzed by in‐situ XRD. The mixture of the 3D and 2D phases, or mix [3D+2D], exhibits an improved stability of the black phase compared to the single 3D phase, and tends to induce highly oriented thin films and increased compactness, probably due to chemical insertion or anchoring. Finally, flash‐annealed thin films at various temperatures (RT<T<325 °C) of CsPbI2Br in air, alone and in the presence of the 2D phase, were studied. A more textured layer is evidenced for the mix [3D+2D] thin film, showing larger grains and more compact films above 200 °C. The mix [3D+2D] film flash‐annealed at 300 °C remained black for four days after air exposure and 50 % relative humidity.