bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Optically Active N-(4-Hydroxynon-2-enyl)pyrrolidines: Key Building Blocks in the Total Synthesis of Streptomyces coelicolor Butanolide 5 (SCB-5) and Virginiae Butanolide A (VB-A)
Authors: Nubbemeyer Udo , Donges Jonas , Hofmann Sandra , Walter Johannes C. , Reichertz Julia , Brüggemann Moritz , Frank Andrea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStarting from 5-methylhexanal and (S)-configured N-propargylprolinol ethers, coupling delivered N-(4-hydroxynon-2-ynyl)prolinol derivatives as mixtures of C4 diastereomers. Resolution of the epimers succeeded after introduction of an (R)-mandelic ester derivative and subsequent HPLC separation. Alternatively, suitable oxidation gave the corresponding alkynyl ketone. Midland reagent controlled diastereoselective reduction afforded a defined configured propargyl alcohol with high selectivity. LiAlH4 reduction and Mosher analyses of the allyl alcohols enabled structure elucidation. The suitably protected products are used as key intermediates in enantioselective Streptomyces γ-butyrolactone signaling molecule total syntheses.
Perfil nociceptivo e uso de analgésicos em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de reparo do manguito rotador: Coorte prospectiva
Authors: Souza Vanessa Silva de , Ribeiro Hugo Daniel Welter , Machado Jéssica Catarina , Medeiros Liciane Fernandes , Castro Mariane Schäffer , Souza Andressa de 
Published: April 2021

Resumo
Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil nociceptivo e o uso de analgésicos em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de reparo do manguito rotador. Além disso, os limiares nociceptivos e a integridade do sistema inibidor descendente, o catastrofismo da dor e a prevalência de dor nociceptiva ou neuropática também foram analisados.
Métodos Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade La Salle (1.325.433/2015). Quarenta pacientes (maiores de 18 anos) submetidos à cirurgia de reparo do manguito rotador (divididos entre aqueles com lesões pequenas e grandes) participaram do estudo. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário Sociodemográfico, a Escala Funcional de Dor, a Escala Visual Análoga (EVA), o Teste Sensorial Quantitativo (QST) e a Tarefa de Modulação Condicionada da Dor (CPM).
Resultados Os pacientes apresentaram diferenças significativas nos limiares de dor e QST de calor (teste t de amostras independentes) e qualidade do sono, humor e ansiedade (teste t pareado) nos grupos pré-operatórios. Houve uma correlação significativa entre CPM pré-operatória e EVA pós-operatória (correlação de Pearson). Observou-se que, no período pré-operatório, 38 pacientes utilizavam analgésico de forma contínua. Além disso, no período pós-operatório, o uso de opioides foi maior nos pacientes com lesões pequenas (13 pacientes) em comparação àqueles com lesões grandes (nove pacientes).
Conclusão Os pacientes com lesão do manguito rotador não apresentaram alterações no sistema inibidor descendente, mas sim alterações nos limiares de dor, o que pode interferir no período pós-operatório e estar relacionado ao consumo de analgésicos.
Aprimoramento do planejamento pré-operatório na cirurgia de trauma ortopédico usando um software de apresentação
Authors: Ordas-Bayon Alejandro , Cabrera Ortiz David , Logan Karl , Pesantez Rodrigo 
Published: April 2021

ResumoO planejamento pré-operatório (PP) é fundamental para garantir um resultado bem-sucedido na cirurgia de trauma ortopédico. Desde que foi descrita pela primeira vez há trinta anos, não foram feitas modificações na técnica de planejamento pré-operatório original (PPO), que foi escrita à mão usando caneta e papel. Acreditamos que o uso de um software de apresentação (como o Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, EUA) pode facilitar, melhorar e atualizar o PPO e complementar o PP tridimensional. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar nosso método de PP por meio de software de apresentação (SA).
Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barcelos Ionara Diniz Evangelista Santos , Penna Ivan Andrade de Araújo , Soligo Adriana de Góes , Costa Zelma Bernardes , Martins Wellington Paula 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective The evaluation of the available evidence on vertical transmission by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV)-2.
Data Sources An electronic search was performed on June 13, 2020 on the Embase, PubMed and Scopus databases using the following search terms: (Coronavirus OR COVID-19 OR COVID19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR SARS-CoV2 OR SARSCoV2) AND (vertical OR pregnancy OR fetal).
Selection of Studies The electronic search resulted in a total of 2,073 records. Titles and abstracts were reviewed by two authors (WPM, IDESB), who checked for duplicates using the pre-established criteria for screening (studies published in English without limitation regarding the date or the status of the publication).
Data Collection Data extraction was performed in a standardized way, and the final eligibility was assessed by reading the full text of the articles. We retrieved data regarding the delivery of the potential cases of vertical transmission, as well as the main findings and conclusions of systematic reviews.
Data Synthesis The 2,073 records were reviewed; 1,000 duplicates and 896 clearly not eligible records were excluded. We evaluated the full text of 177 records, and identified only 9 suspected cases of possible vertical transmission. The only case with sufficient evidence of vertical transmission was reported in France.
Conclusion The risk of vertical transmission by SARS-CoV-2 is probably very low. Despite several thousands of affected pregnant women, we have identified only one case that has fulfilled sufficient criteria to be confirmed as a case of vertical transmission. Well-designed observational studies evaluating large samples are still necessary to determine the risk of vertical transmission depending on the gestational age at infection.
Kinematics of a Novel Canine Cervical Fusion System
Authors: Zindl Claudia , Fitzpatrick Noel , Litsky Alan S. , Allen Matthew J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the biomechanical behaviour of a novel distraction–fusion system, consisting of an intervertebral distraction screw, pedicle locking screws and connecting rods, in the canine caudal cervical spine.
Study Design Biomechanical study in cadaveric canine cervicothoracic (C3–T3) spines (n = 6). Cadaveric spines were harvested, stripped of musculature, mounted on a four-point bending jig, and tested using non-destructive four-point bending loads in extension (0–100 N), flexion (0–60 N) and lateral bending (0–40 N). Angular displacement was recorded from reflective optical trackers rigidly secured to C5, C6 and C7. Data for primary and coupled motions were collected from intact spines and following surgical stabilization (after ventral annulotomy and nucleotomy) with the new implant system.
Results As compared with the intact spine, instrumentation significantly reduced motion at the operated level (C5-C6) with a concomitant non-significant increase at the adjacent level (C6-C7).
Conclusion The combination of a locking pedicle screw-rod system and intervertebral spacer provides an alternative solution for surgical distraction–stabilization in the canine caudal cervical spine and supports the feasibility of using this new implant system in the management of disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy in dogs. The increase in motion at C6-C7 may suggest the potential for adjacent level effects and clinical trials should be designed to address this.
Interpreting Results from Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Deal Jennifer A. , Betz Joshua , Lin Frank R. , Reed Nicholas S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEpidemiology is the science of public health. The focus of this discussion is to present a brief overview of how epidemiology approaches questions of disease causation, including why it sometimes gets things wrong, and so to provide a framework for how we consume and use this type of research, particularly when it comes to patient care.
Hearing Loss and Healthcare Access among Adults
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Zazove Philip , Pleasant Terrence , Meeks Lisa , McKee Michael M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHearing loss (HL) is common among individuals aged 50 and older and is associated with increased healthcare costs. Whether HL is associated with less access to healthcare is unclear. In this study, we examined the association between HL and access to medical care and prescription drugs among individuals 50+ with and without HL. We used nationally representative 2013–2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data, consisting of 1,977 adults with HL and 17,399 without. We applied an inverse propensity score weighting and regression modeling to adjust for any potential differences in health and socioeconomic conditions between the two groups. Adults with HL were more likely to be white, less educated, poorer, and with public insurance (p < 0.001). They were also likely to have hypertension, heart disease, stroke, emphysema, high cholesterol, diabetes, joint pain, and arthritis (p < 0.001). The odds of reporting unmet medical needs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–2.66), delay in getting medical needs met (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.00–1.87), and having unfilled prescriptions (OR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.27–2.59) were higher among individuals with HL compared with their counterparts without HL. Individuals with HL have less access to care and prescription drugs. To ensure equitability in access, public health policies should address specific needs of people with HL.
Association of Hearing Loss with Physical, Social, and Mental Activity Engagement
Authors: Gao Tess , Goman Adele M. , Betz Joshua , Reed Nicholas S. , Deal Jennifer A. , Lin Frank R. ,   for the ACHIEVE-P Study Group
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article aims to evaluate a hearing loss intervention versus an aging education intervention on activity engagement in the Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders pilot (ACHIEVE-P). Forty adults (70–84 years) with hearing loss recruited from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and de novo participated. Participants were randomized 1:1 to a best practices hearing intervention or a successful aging intervention. Hearing was measured with pure-tone audiometry. The Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire measured self-reported time engaging in activities at baseline and 6-month follow-up. At baseline, greater hearing loss was associated with reduced time per week on mental activities (−3.0 hours per 10 dB of hearing loss, 95% confidence interval: −5.8, −0.2). Mental activity engagement increased (mean: +1.3 hours, SD = 6.6) for the hearing intervention group but decreased (mean: −1.1 hours, SD = 4.8) for the aging education group (Cohen's d: 0.41). Hearing loss may be associated with reduced engagement in mental activities. Whether hearing loss treatment impacts activity will be studied in the full-scale ACHIEVE trial.
Metastases of Urothelium Carcinoma: Differential Diagnosis, Resection, and Survival
Authors: Oguzhan Selma , Sponholz Stefan , Schirren Moritz , Mese Mesut , Schirren Joachim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Due to its very aggressive nature and low survival chances, the metastasized urothelium carcinoma poses a challenge in regard to therapy. The gold-standard chemotherapy is platinum based. The therapy options are considered controversial, including new systemic therapies. In this respect, surgical therapies, as already established for pulmonary metastases of other tumor entities play an increasingly important role. The consumption of nicotine is a risk factor not only for urothelium carcinoma but also for a pulmonary carcinoma. Thus, we examined the frequency of a second carcinoma in this cohort.
Methods We retrospectively examined patients who had a differential diagnosis of pulmonary metastases, as well as those patients who underwent a surgery due to pulmonary metastases of a urothelium carcinoma between 1999 and 2015.
Results A total of 139 patients came to our clinic with the differential diagnosis of pulmonary metastases of a urothelium carcinoma. The most common diagnosis was pulmonary carcinoma (53%). Thirty-one patients underwent surgeries due to pulmonary metastases of a urothelium carcinoma. The median survival was 53 months and the 5-year survival was 51%. With the univariate analysis, only the relapse-free interval of more than 10 months was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Conclusion There is a high coincidence of urothelial carcinoma and lung carcinoma. A histological confirmation should be endeavored. Selected patients undergoing a pulmonary metastasis resection have a survival advantage during the multimodal treatment of pulmonary metastasized urothelial carcinomas. For a definitive recommendation, randomized trials including a uniform multimodal therapy regimen and higher numbers of patients are necessary.
Endoscopic Management of Weight Regain in the Bariatric Patient
Authors: Dolan Russell D. , Schulman Allison R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite initial weight loss following bariatric surgery, weight recidivism is common. While weight regain is multifactorial and includes behavioral, psychosocial, and medical causes, changes in anatomy also play a role. Dilation of the gastrojejunal anastomosis following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and enlargement of the gastric sleeve following sleeve gastrectomy are both important considerations. Historically, surgical revision has been performed to address weight regain; however, morbidity and mortality are not insignificant. Over the past decade, a variety of endoscopic approaches have been described for weight recidivism, several of which have proven to be safe, effective, and durable. This article will review each of these techniques in detail.
An alternative resource allocation strategy in the chemolithoautotrophic archaeonMethanococcus maripaludis
Authors: Müller Albert L. , Gu Wenyu , Patsalo Vadim , Deutzmann Jörg S. , Williamson James R. , Spormann Alfred M. 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceMost of our knowledge about microbial physiology originates from studying fast-growing, heterotrophic bacteria. Yet, microorganisms are energy-limited in many natural environments and grow slowly or persist in a nongrowing state. Microorganisms adapted to oligotrophic lifestyles are phylogenetically diverse and often possess biochemically unique and highly niche-specialized metabolisms. In a systems-level study, we discovered a strategy for acclimation to slow growth in a chemolithoautotrophic archaeon. In contrast to relying on gene regulation like metabolically versatile, heterotrophic model bacteria such asEscherichia coli,Methanococcus maripaludisresponds to energy limitation by redistributing energy for cellular maintenance and changing catabolic and ribosomal activities. The alternative resource allocation strategy presented here does not follow the canonical growth rate–dependent physiological regulations.
Pedagogical tool to teach electromagnetic plane wave propagation in various media environments
Authors: Li Anqi , Yin Chengyou , Gan Yongji , Zhang Qianqian , Wu Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the usual process of teaching students about the electromagnetic field, students often have difficulty in understanding the propagation process of invisible electromagnetic waves under different medium environments. To facilitate students understanding and learning of related knowledge, in this article, we first derive the process of solving Maxwell’s equation using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) under different media environments for the designed experimental models to obtain the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field. After that, we use the MATLAB language to program the FDTD solution method to verify our theoretical analysis based on the simulation results. Based on this, we develop a convenient and quick interactive mobile software tool, aiming to give students a vivid and intuitive demonstration and explanation for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in different media environments.
An attractive/repulsive central-force orbit for student exercises
Authors: Reed B Cameron 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A closed, attractive/repulsive inverse-square/cube central-force orbit is described. This orbit is suitable for analysis in an advanced dynamics class or as a source of student exercises; it involves no perturbation theory or precession, and reduces to the standard Keplerian elliptical orbit upon a trivial choice of a parameter. The form of the force law, orbital energetics, speed as a function of position, and period are examined.
Lattice-motivated QCD coupling and hadronic contribution to muon g − 2
Authors: Cvetič Gorazd , Kögerler Reinhart 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present an updated version of a QCD coupling which fulfills various physically motivated conditions: at high momenta it practically coincides with the perturbative QCD coupling; at intermediate momenta it reproduces correctly the physics of the semihadronic tau decay; and at very low momenta it is suppressed as suggested by large-volume lattice calculations. An earlier presented analysis is updated here in the sense that the Adler function, in the regime |Q
2|≲ 1 GeV2, is evaluated by a renormalon-motivated resummation method. This Adler function is then used here in the evaluation of the quantities related with the semihadronic (strangeless) τ-decay spectral functions, including Borel–Laplace sum rules in the (V + A)-channel. The analysis is then extended to the evaluation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment,

a

μ

had

(
1
)

, where we include in the Adler function the V-channel higher-twist OPE terms which are regulated in the infrared (IR) by mass parameters which are expected to be ≲1 GeV. The correct value of

a

μ

had

(
1
)

can be reproduced with the mentioned IR-regulating mass parameters if the value of the condensate

⟨

O

4

⟩

V
+
A

is positive (and thus the gluon condensate value is positive). This restriction and the requirement of the acceptable quality of the fits to the various mentioned sum rules then lead us to the restriction

0.1171
<

α

s

(

M

Z

2

;

MS

̄

)

<
0.1180

.
A soft-sensor model of VCM rectification concentration based on an improved WOA-RBFNN
Authors: Gao Shuzhi , Li Xiaoyu , Zhang Yimin , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to the complex nonlinear relationship among many variables in the rectification process of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), there is a problem that its concentration is difficult to measure in real time. A method based on the tabu whale optimization algorithm for optimizing the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) to model the concentration of the VCM rectification process is proposed. Firstly, the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding algorithm is used to compress high-dimensional data into low-dimensional space to obtain new data, the input of the soft-sensor model, and to maximize the retention of information about the input data to minimize the impact on the data redundancy model. Secondly, since the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is prone to produce local optimality, a tabu search algorithm is introduced to help it jump out of the local optimality. Finally, the improved WOA is used to optimize the parameters of the RBFNN model, and the model is applied to the comparison experiment in the process of vinyl chloride rectification. According to the simulation results, the method improves the prediction accuracy of the model and has better practicability.
Micromechanical finite element analysis of effect of multilayer interphase on crack propagation in SiC/SiC composites
Authors: Guangwu Fang , Jie Sun , Xiguang Gao , Yingdong Song 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The current study presents a micromechanical methodology to analyze the cracking behavior of a SiC/SiC composite with multilayer interphase using finite element method. To capture the constituent level damage initiation and propagation within the multilayer interphase, an axisymmetric unit-cell model was developed by discreetly modeling the fiber, the matrix, and the sublayers of interphase. Moreover, the cracking inside the interphase and debonding at the interfaces between different constituents were taken into account. The extended finite element method (XFEM) was applied to model the cracking inside the interphase and matrix. The cohesive surface approach was employed to describe the debonding behavior at all the interfaces. Adopting the proposed numerical approach, detailed local stress state and cracking behavior of SiC/SiC composites with multilayer interphase were analyzed. The results show that the multilayer interphase has a significant effect on the cracking behavior. Moreover, the growth length of secondary cracks had been demonstrated to be a useful parameter that is capable of connecting composites level behaviors and constituent level damages. From the various numerical methods used, the finite element simulation in conjunction with the XFEM and the cohesive surface approach is a precise and consistent way to analyze the crack propagation and prediction of failure for composites with multilayer interphase. The research provides a fundamental method for promoting the interphase design of SiC/SiC composites.
Role of heavy metal oxides on the radiation attenuation properties of newly developed TBBE-X glasses by computational methods
Authors: Al-Buriahi M S , Alzahrani Jamila S , Olarinoye I O , Akyildirim Hakan , Alomairy Sultan , Kebaili Imen , Tekin H O , Mutuwong C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Geant4 simulations and several theoretical approaches such as WinXCOM and ESTAR were used in this work to understand the role of heavy metal oxides on the radiation attenuation features of newly developed TBBE-X glasses which are in the form of 19.5TeO2-30B2O3-30BaO-0.5Er2O3-20X. Here X stands for SrO, Al2O3, CdO, ZnO, PbO and Bi2O3. According to X (modifier oxide), the glass samples were labelled as TBBE-S, TBBE-A, TBBE-C, TBBE-Z, TBBE-P, and TBBE-B. Various attenuation features such as mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), buildup factors, equivalent and effective atomic numbers, half value layer (HVL), and neutron cross section were investigated. The inclusion of high atomic number and dense atoms in the modifiers (PbO and Bi2O3) in TBBE-P and TBBE-B explains why the energy for the onset of increment in MAC was earliest among the investigated glasses. At a photon energy of 15 keV, HVL of TBBE-S, TBBE-A, TBBE-Z, TBBE-C, TBBE-P, and TBBE-B were 4.67, 5.02, 4.40, 3.91, 3.53, and 3.31 cm respectively. It is found that the TBBE-X glasses have promising shielding properties against gamma radiation comparing to different species of commercial glasses and concrete. The outcomes also reveal that the TBBE-X specimens are comparatively better shields against fast neutron compared to classical shields like graphite, water, and ordinary concrete. Therefore, the TBBE-X glasses have promising shielding properties and can be applied in shielding applications against gamma rays and neutrons beam.