bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empagliflozin confers reno‐protection in acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mozawa Kosuke , Kubota Yoshiaki , Hoshika Yu , Tara Shuhei , Tokita Yukichi , Yodogawa Kenji , Iwasaki Yu‐ki , Yamamoto Takeshi , Takano Hitoshi , Tsukada Yayoi , Asai Kuniya , Miyamoto Masaaki , Miyauchi Yasushi , Kodani Eitaro , Maruyama Mitsunori , Tanabe Jun , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsAlthough the reno‐protective effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are known in patients with heart failure or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), this effect has not been confirmed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods and resultsThe prospective, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled EMBODY trial investigated patients with AMI and T2DM in Japan. The eligible patients included adults aged 20 years or older, diagnosed with AMI and T2DM, and who could be discharged within 2–12 weeks after the onset of AMI. One hundred and five patients were randomized (1:1) to receive once daily 10 mg empagliflozin or placebo within 2 weeks of AMI onset. In this sub‐analysis, we investigated the time course of renal functional parameters such as serum creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline to Weeks 4, 12, and 24. Ninety‐six patients (64 ± 11 years, 78 male) were included in the full analysis (n = 46 and 50 in the empagliflozin and placebo groups, respectively). We used serum creatinine and eGFR as indicators of renal function. In the placebo group, eGFR decreased from 66.14 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline to 62.77 mL/min/1.73 m2 by Week 24 (P = 0.023) but remained unchanged in the empagliflozin group (from 64.60 to 64.36 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.843). In the latter group, uric acid improved from 5.8 mg/dL at baseline to 4.9 mg/dL at Week 24 (P < 0.001). In the earlier analysis of 56 patients with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, the eGFR decreased and the serum creatinine increased from baseline to 24 weeks in the placebo group, significantly different to the empagliflozin group (−6.61 vs. +0.22 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.008 and +0.063 vs. −0.001 mg/dL, P = 0.030, respectively). The changes in serum creatinine and eGFR from baseline to Week 24 were significantly correlated with those in uric acid in the placebo group (r = 0.664, P < 0.001 and r = −0.675, P < 0.001, respectively) but not in the empagliflozin group.ConclusionsEmpagliflozin prevented the kidney functional decline in patients with AMI and T2DM, especially those with baseline eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Early administration of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in these patients is considered desirable for renal protection.
An iterative method to compute conformal mappings and their inverses in the context of water waves over topographies
Authors: Flamarion Marcelo V. , Ribeiro‐Jr Roberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn iterative numerical method to compute the conformal mapping in the context of propagating water waves over uneven topographies is investigated. The map flattens the fluid domain onto a canonical strip in which computations are performed. The accuracy of the method is tested by using the MATLAB Schwarz–Christoffel toolbox mapping as a benchmark. Besides, we give a numerical alternative to compute the inverse of the conformal map.
The cost of cure: Examining objective and subjective financial toxicity in head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Baddour Khalil , Fadel Mark , Zhao Meng , Corcoran Michael , Owoc Maryanna S. , Thomas Teresa H. , Sabik Lindsay M. , Nilsen Marci L. , Ferris Robert L. , Mady Leila J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is documented regarding objective financial metrics and their impact on subjective financial toxicity in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional analysis, 71 survivors with available claims data for HNC‐specific out‐of‐pocket expenses (OOPE) completed a survey including patient‐reported, subjective financial toxicity outcome tools: the Comprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) and the Financial Distress Questionnaire (FDQ).ResultsWorse COST scores were significantly associated with lower earnings at survey administration (coefficient = 3.79; 95% CI 2.63–4.95; p < 0.001); loss of earnings after diagnosis (coefficient = 6.03; 95% CI 0.53–11.52; p = 0.032); and greater annual OOPE as a proportion of earnings [log10(Annual OOPE:Earnings at survey): coefficient = −5.66; 95% CI −10.28 to −1.04; p = 0.017]. Similar results were found with FDQ.ConclusionFinancial toxicity is associated with particular socioeconomic characteristics which, if understood, would assist the development of pre‐treatment screening tools to detect at‐risk individuals and intervene early in the HNC cancer survivorship trajectory.
PRO‐C3, a Serological Marker of Fibrosis, During Childhood and Correlations With Fibrosis in Pediatric NAFLD
Authors: Cohen Catherine C. , Castillo‐Leon Eduardo , Farris Alton B. , Caltharp Shelley A. , Cleeton Rebecca L. , Sinclair Elizabeth M. , Shevell Diane E. , Karsdal Morten A. , Nielsen Mette Juul Fisker , Leeming Diana J. , Vos Miriam B. 
Published: July 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease in children and may lead to cirrhosis requiring liver transplant. Thus, prompt diagnosis of advanced fibrosis is essential. Our objectives were to examine PRO‐C3 (a neo‐epitope pro‐peptide of type III collagen formation) levels across childhood/adolescence and associations with advanced fibrosis in pediatric NAFLD. This cross‐sectional study included 88 children and adolescents with biopsy‐proven NAFLD (mean age: 13.9 ± 2.9 years, 71% male) and 65 healthy participants (11.8 ± 4.5 years, 38% male). PRO‐C3, and the bone remodeling biomarkers C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX‐I; bone resorption) and osteocalcin (N‐MID; bone formation), were measured in serum by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Fibrosis was assessed by liver biopsy in participants with NAFLD, who were categorized as having advanced (Ishak score ≥ 3) or none/mild fibrosis (Ishak score ≤ 2). Overall, PRO‐C3 was similar in participants with NAFLD (median [interquartile range]: 20.6 [15.8, 25.9] ng/mL) versus healthy participants (19.0 [13.8, 26.0] ng/mL), but was significantly lower in older adolescents ≥ 15 years old (16.4 [13.0, 21.2] ng/mL) compared with children ≤ 10 years old (22.9 [18.1, 28.4] ng/mL; P < 0.001) or 11‐14 years old (22.4 [18.3, 31.2] ng/mL; P < 0.001). PRO‐C3 was also directly correlated with levels of CTX‐I and N‐MID (r = 0.64 and r = 0.62, respectively; both P < 0.001). Among participants with NAFLD, PRO‐C3 was higher in those with advanced fibrosis (median [IQR]: 28.5 [21.6, 37.6]) compared with none/mild fibrosis (20.3 [18.2, 22.8]; P = 0.020) in models adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index z‐score. However, associations were attenuated after additionally adjusting for bone‐remodeling CTX‐I (P = 0.09) or N‐MID (P = 0.08). Conclusion: Collectively, these findings show that PRO‐C3 levels are higher in children with advanced fibrosis in NAFLD, but are also influenced by age and pubertal growth spurt, assessed by bone remodeling biomarkers, and therefore may not be a reliable biomarker for liver fibrosis in pediatric NAFLD until late adolescence.
Kanban system applications in healthcare services: A literature review
Authors: Lanza‐León Paloma , Sanchez‐Ruiz Lidia , Cantarero‐Prieto David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLean Management method has been applied in several fields before its implementation in healthcare area. Among the different techniques associated with Lean, in this paper, we are focused on Kanban system, which is a method that presents several benefits such as inventory holding reduction or improvement of the employees' satisfaction. Our main objective is to carry out a literature review focused on Kanban methodology applied to health care. In this sense, this study can serve as a script to improve hospital management in pandemic periods, such as the one currently lived on COVID‐19. We carry out a literature review searching in four different databases. We combine several terms to achieve our objective. We identify several articles which describe Kanban methodology applied to health field. More specifically, we present in what areas (nursing or pharmacy, among others) this method has been applied. In addition, we show all the barriers as well as benefits caused by the implementation of this system. There are a few studies focused on analysing how Kanban is applied to health care. Therefore, we can affirm that this topic is still recent.
Thermal analysis of a moving fin using the radial basis function approximation
Authors: Fallah Najafabadi Maryam , Talebi Rostami Hossein , Hosseinzadeh Khashayar , Domiri Ganji Davood 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the heat transfer and temperature distribution in a moving fin have been analyzed. The fin velocity was considered constant, and the thermal conductivity coefficient was variable with temperature, and the fin was under the effect of convection, radiation, and conduction heat transfer. The main equation of the problem was solved by the radial basis function method and validated by the numerical 4th‐order Runge–Kutta method. Several parameters such as thermal conductivity parameter from 0 to 1, sink temperature parameter from 0.2 to 0.8, and Nr, Nc, Pe number from 1 to 4, were examined. The outcomes illustrate that increasing the thermal conductivity by 51.5% raises the conduction heat transfers as well as the dimensionless temperature by 3.42%. Moreover, increasing the sink temperature leads to a slow rise in ambient temperature by 22.8% in the maximum state. By raising the Nc and Nr parameters, near 33.3%, the temperature distribution profile is declined by 4% and 10.5%, respectively. And increasing the Pe number by 100% results in a rise in the temperature distribution by about 7%.
Classification with respect to colon adenocarcinoma and colon benign tissue of colon histopathological images with a new CNN model: MA_ColonNET
Authors: Yildirim Muhammed , Cinar Ahmet 
Published: July 2021

AbstractColon cancer is a common type of carcinoma that occurs in the large intestine. This type of cancer affects millions of people around the world each year. Early and accurate diagnosis is very important in the treatment of colon cancer as in other types of cancer. Thanks to early and accurate diagnosis, many people can get rid of this disease with less damage. Medical imaging techniques are widely used in the early diagnosis, follow‐up, and after the treatment process of colon cancer. Therefore, manually controlling a large number of medical images and their interpretation is a difficult process and consumes more time. In addition, the interpretation of data with traditional methods in this process can cause misdiagnosis due to human errors. For this reason, computer‐aided systems can be used in the diagnosis of colon cancer in order to both help experts and carry out the process more quickly and successfully. In this study, a novel method named by us, CNN‐based, MA_ColonNET is developed for detecting colon cancer image data. A 45‐layer model in MA_ColonNET has been used to classify. A success (accuracy) rate of 99.75% has been achieved by means of the new model. It is shown that the proposed model can detect colon cancer earlier. In this way, the treatment process can be carried out more successfully.
The effect of information technology (IT) material weaknesses in internal control on chief financial officer (CFO) turnover
Authors: Akinyele Kazeem O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between CFO turnover and adverse SOX Section 404 opinions relating to IT material weaknesses over a 4‐year period after implementation of SOX 404 requirements. Prior research has shown that IT material weaknesses in internal controls are associated with higher audit fees than are other types of material weaknesses. Prior research also suggests an association between poor financial performance and CFO turnover. The results of this study show that companies with IT related material weaknesses are more likely to have more CFO turnover relative to companies with non‐IT related material weaknesses. These results contribute to the stream of research exploring the implications of IT material weaknesses in organizations.
Prenatal ultrasound findings of covered bladder exstrophy and persistent cloaca
Authors: Ozcan Tulin , Woo Lynn , Wien Michael , Lazebnik Noam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnlike classic exstrophy, covered bladder exstrophy is a rare variant characterized by a cycling bladder and intact abdominal wall. We present a case of covered bladder exstrophy diagnosed prenatally and associated persistent cloaca (PC) noted only after delivery. This case report demonstrates that prenatal diagnosis of covered bladder exstrophy is possible and PC can present without any abdominal cysts, bowel, or renal findings. Covered bladder exstrophy should be considered in the differential of cystic protrusion of the bladder to the abdominal wall.
Is congenital dacryocystocele a benign, self‐limited disorder? A review of the literature with four new cases
Authors: Annac Gokce , Yassa Murat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCongenital dacryocystocele (CD) is a rare disorder about which little is known. A nonsystematic review was performed with an addition of four new cases. Thirty‐seven studies were reviewed. The mean gestational age at evaluation was 32 ± 1.09 weeks suggesting that CD is a disorder of late second and third trimester. The mean diameter of dacryocystocele was 7.5 ± 1 mm. The overall associated fetal anomaly rate was 10.7%. In‐utero resolution, neonatal resolution, and surgical management was concluded in 62% (n = 108), 29% (n = 52), and 8% (n = 14), respectively. In conclusion, the need for surgical correction and rate of accompanying fetal anomaly was found high.
The evolution of genetic counseling graduate education in New York City during the COVID‐19 pandemic: In the eye of the storm
Authors: Bergner Amanda L. , Ecker Lindsey Alico , Ernst Michelle E. , Goelz Monika Zak , Habermann Kristina , Karger Lisa , Zinberg Randi E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has ravaged the globe in the past year, demanding shifts in all aspects of life including health profession education. The New York City area was the first major United States epicenter and is home to four genetic counseling graduate programs. We set out to explore the multifaceted programmatic changes required from the four institutions in an early pandemic epicenter, providing the longest time horizon available for assessing the implications of this restructuring on graduate education in the profession. Using practitioner‐based enquiry, our iterative reflections identified three phases of COVID‐19 response within our programs from March through December 2020. The spring months were marked by significant upheaval and reactivity, with a focus on stabilizing our programs in an unstable environment that included a significant medical response required in our area. By summer, we were reinvesting time and energy into our programs and prioritizing best practices in online learning. Relative predictability returned in the fall with noticeable improvements in flexibility and proactive problem‐solving within our new environment. We have begun to identify changes in both curricula and operations that are likely to become more permanent. Telehealth fieldwork, remote supervision, simulated cases with standardized clients, and virtual recruitment and admission events are some key examples. We explored early outcome measures, such as enrollment, retention, course evaluations, and student academic and fieldwork progress, all indicating little change from prior to the pandemic to date. Overall, we found our programs, and genetic counseling graduate education more broadly, to be much more resilient and flexible than we would ever have realized. The COVID‐19 pandemic has awakened in us a desire to move ahead with reduced barriers to educational innovation.
Early ART initiation during infancy preserves natural killer cells in young European adolescents living with HIV (CARMA cohort)
Authors: Doria Margherita , Zicari Sonia , Cotugno Nicola , Domínguez‐Rodríguez Sara , Ruggiero Alessandra , Pascucci Giuseppe R , Tagarro Alfredo , Rojo Conejo Pablo , Nastouli Eleni , Gärtner Kathleen , Cameron Mark , Richardson Brian , Foster Caroline , Williams Sion L , Rinaldi Stefano , De Rossi Anita , Giaquinto Carlo , Rossi Paolo , Pahwa Savita , Palma Paolo ,   for the EPIICAL consortium
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionHIV infection causes pathological changes in the natural killer (NK) cell compartment that can be only partially restored by antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated NK cells phenotype and function in children with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) and long‐term viral control (five years) due to effective ART in a multicentre cross‐sectional European study (CARMA, EPIICAL consortium). The impact of age at ART start and viral reservoir was also evaluated.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 40 PHIV who started ART within two years of life (early treated patients (ET), ≤6 months; late treated patients (LT), > 6 months), with at least five years of HIV‐1 suppression (<40 HIV copies/mL), were collected between November 2017 and August 2018. NK phenotype and function were analysed by flow cytometry and transcriptional profile of PBMCs by RNA‐Seq. HIV‐1 DNA was measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (Data were analysed by Spearman correlation plots and multivariable Poisson regression model (adjusted for baseline %CD4 and RNA HIV viral load and for age at ART start as an interaction term, either ET or LT) to explore the association between NK cell parameters and HIV reservoir modulated by age at ART start.ResultsA significantly higher frequency of CD56neg NK cells was found in LT compared with ET. We further found in LT a positive correlation of CD56neg NK cells with HIV‐1 DNA. LT also displayed increased expression of the NKG2D and NKp46 activating receptors and perforin compared with ET. Moreover, CD107a+ and IFN‐γ+ frequencies in non‐stimulated NK were associated with HIV‐1 DNA in LT patients. Finally, RNA‐Seq analysis showed in LT an up‐regulation of genes related to NK‐activating pathways and susceptibility to apoptosis compared with ET.ConclusionsWe show that early initiation of ART during infancy preserves the NK compartment and is associated with lower HIV‐1 reservoir. Such condition persists over adolescence due to long‐term viral control achieved through effective ART.
Long‐term mortality after tuberculosis treatment among persons living with HIV in Haiti
Authors: Joseph Yvetot , Yao Zhiwen , Dua Akanksha , Severe Patrice , Collins Sean E , Bang Heejung , Antoine Jean‐Juste Marc , Ocheretina Oksana , Apollon Alexandra , McNairy Margaret L , Dupnik Kathryn , Cremieux Etienne , Byrne Anthony , Pape Jean W , Koenig Serena P 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionLong‐term mortality among TB survivors appears to be higher than control populations without TB in many settings. However, data are limited among persons with HIV (PWH). We assessed the association between cured TB and long‐term mortality among persons with PWH in Haiti.MethodsA prospective cohort of PWH from the CIPRA HT‐001 trial was followed from study enrolment (August 2005 to July 2008) to study closure (December 2018) to compare mortality between participants with and without TB. The index date for the survival analysis was defined as 240 days after TB diagnosis or randomization date. Time to death was described using Kaplan–Meier curves, and log‐rank tests were used to compare time to death between the TB and no‐TB cohorts. The association between TB and long‐term mortality was estimated with multivariable Cox models.ResultsOf the 816 participants in the CIPRA HT‐001 trial, 77 were excluded for a history of TB prior to study enrolment and 31 were excluded due to death or attrition prior to the index date, leaving 574 in the no‐TB and 134 in the TB cohort. Twenty‐four (17.9%) participants in the TB and 48 (8.4%) in the no‐TB cohort died during follow‐up. Five and 10‐year mortality rates were 14.2% and 17.9% respectively, in the TB cohort, and 6.1% and 8.4% in the no‐TB cohort. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, participants in the TB cohort had a significantly shorter time to death (log‐rank p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, TB treatment was the only predictor of mortality (HR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.61, 4.79). Sensitivity analyses, which included only baseline TB cases, an index date of two years after TB diagnosis, and study enrolment and case‐control matching yielded results that were consistent with primary analyses.ConclusionsPWH who are successfully treated for TB have higher long‐term mortality than those who are never diagnosed with TB, even after accounting for acute TB‐related mortality. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms associated with TB sequelae is critically needed to guide specific interventions. Until then, more aggressive measures for health promotion and disease prevention are essential to improve long‐term survival for PWH after TB treatment.
Development and validation of the HIV adolescent readiness for transition scale (HARTS) in South Africa
Authors: Zanoni Brian C , Archary Moherndran , Sibaya Thobekile , Musinguzi Nicholas , Kelley Mary E , McManus Shauna , Haberer Jessica E 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV have low rates of retention in care and viral suppression after the transition from paediatric to adult care. In this study, we developed and validated a tool to identify adolescent transition readiness.MethodsWe developed the HIV Adolescent Readiness for Transition Scale (HARTS) from June 2016 to May 2019 by iteratively adapting existing transition readiness scales for other chronic illnesses by conducting focus groups with 11 healthcare providers and 20 adolescents in South Africa. We administered a preliminary questionnaire to 131 adolescents to determine psychometric properties and assess test–retest variability. We used confirmatory factor analysis to verify the proposed scale structure using the underlying variable approach. We correlated responses to self‐described transition readiness and age using linear regression. We subsequently validated the scale by prospectively administering it to 199 adolescents in a second South African setting before their transition. We then used multivariable logistic regression to assess the effects of the HARTS and relevant socio‐behavioural covariates on viral suppression one year after transition.ResultsWe identified four domains relevant to transition readiness: disclosure, health navigation, self‐advocacy and health literacy. Fifteen questions with a significant factor loading of 0.3 to 0.9 were identified. No significant test–retest variability was seen among 10% of participants. Positive correlations with self‐described transition readiness were significant with the overall HARTS and domains of health navigation, self‐advocacy and health literacy. In the prospective analysis, for adolescents not using drugs, each 10‐point increase in the HARTS was associated with 0.62 odds of viral failure (95% CI 0.45 to 0.86; p = 0.004). The individual domains of self‐advocacy (AOR 0.56; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.94; p = 0.029), disclosure (AOR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.25; p = 0.002), health navigation (AOR 0.51; 95%CI 0.25 to 1.02; p = 0.056) and health literacy (AOR 0.37; 95% CI 0.10 to 1.30; p = 0.121) were associated with viral failure adjusting for age at antiretroviral therapy initiation, ART regimen, sex, disclosure status, and alcohol use in both analyses.ConclusionsThe HARTS is a validated scale that can be used to identify which adolescents may require additional interventions prior to transitioning to adult care to improve viral suppression after transition.