bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival effect of postoperative radiotherapy combined with lymph nodes examined on cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients with stage T1-2N1M0: a propensity‑adjusted SEER database analysis
Authors: Jiang Wen-Mei , Fang Zhong-Yi , Li Yu-Dong , Wei Huan-Ye , Yang An-Kui , Chen Yan-Feng , Zhang Quan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

To explore the association between postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) combined with lymph nodes examined (LNE) and the survival outcome for pT1-2N1M0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) patients.
Methods

This study retrieved patients who underwent dissection of primary site and neck lymph nodes for pT1-2N1 OCSCC without adverse nodal features from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2015. Patients were divided into groups according if PORT was conducted. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted and the best cut-off value of the LNE was determined by X-tile. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was the primary outcome. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the relation between PORT and CSS, adjusting for other prognostic factors.
Results

A total of 469 patients were finally enrolled according to our exclusion criteria and then 170 pairs of patients were matched by PSM. The best cut-off value of the LNE was determined by X-tile, stratifying patients into LNE ≤ 16 group and LNE > 16 group. For the whole matched cohort, whether patients chose PORT had no correlation with other factors (all p > 0.05), and it revealed that PORT made no contribution to a better survival outcome for patients (p = 0.253). While stratified by the LNE, among the LNE ≤ 16 group, a statistically significant improved CSS was found for those who undertook PORT (hazard ratio, 0.521; 95% confidence interval, 0.294–0.925; p = 0.022).
Conclusions

The PORT made no contribution on CSS of OCSCC patients with pT1-2N1M0 stage on the whole cohort. While among the LNE ≤ 16 group, PORT conferred a superior CSS compared with surgery only, indicating the necessity for surgeons to conduct a thorough neck dissection.
The Influence of NDRG1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Glioma Risk and Prognosis in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Li Nan , Shi Hangyu , Hou Pengfei , Gao Lu , Shi Yongqiang , Mi Weiyang , Zhang Gang , Wang Ning , Dai Wei , Wei Lin , Shi Yongzhi , Guo Shiwen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: glioma is a highly fatal malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate. We aimed to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NDRG1 and glioma risk and prognosis in the Chinese Han population.Methods: 5 candidate SNPs were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY; logistic regression was used to analyze the association between SNPs and glioma risk; We used multi-factor dimensionality reduction to analyze the interaction of ‘SNP-SNP’; the prognosis analysis was performed by log-rank test, Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression model.Results: our results showed that the rs3808599 was associated with the reduction of glioma risk in all participants (p = 0.024) and the participants ≤40 years old (p = 0.020). rs3802251 may reduce glioma risk in all participants (p = 0.008), the male (p = 0.033) or astrocytoma patients (p = 0.023). rs3779941 was associated with poor glioma prognosis in the all participants (p = 0.039) or astrocytoma patients (p = 0.038). We also found that the key factors for glioma prognosis may include surgical operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Conclusion: this study is the first to find that NDRG1 gene polymorphisms may have a certain association with glioma risk or prognosis in the Chinese Han population.
HRCT Features Between Lepidic-Predominant Type and Other Pathological Subtypes in Early-Stage Invasive Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Appearing as a Ground-Glass Nodule
Authors: Zhang Pengju , Li Tianran , Tao Xuemin , Jin Xin , Zhao Shaohong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) features of lepidic-predominant type and other pathological subtypes of early-stage (T1N0M0) invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma appearing as a ground-glass nodule (GGN). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on clinical data and HRCT features of 630 lesions in 589 patients with pathologically confirmed invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas presenting as pure GGN and mixed GGN [consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR), <0.5] from January to December 2019. All GGNs were classified as lepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA) and nonlepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma (n-LPA) groups. Univariate analysis was performed to analyze the difference of clinical data and HRCT features between the LPA and n-LPA groups. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the variables to distinguish the LPA from n-LPA group independently. The diagnostic performance of different parameters was compared using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: In total, 367 GGNs in the LPA group and 263 GGNs in the n-LPA group were identified. In the univariate analysis, the CTR, mean computed tomography (CT) values, and mean diameters as well as mixed GGN, deep lobulation, spiculation, vascular change, bronchial change, and tumor–lung interface were smaller in the LPA group than in the n-LPA group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression model was reconstructed including the mean CT value, deep lobulation, and vascular change (P < 0.001), as well as CTR, spiculation, and bronchial change (P < 0.05). Area under the curve of the logistic regression model for differentiating LPA and n-LPA was 0.840 (76.4% sensitivity, 78.7% specificity), which was significantly higher than that of the mean CT value or CTR (both P < 0.05). Conclusions: HRCT features were helpful in differentiating lepidic-predominant type from other subtypes in early-stage GGN invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The mean CT value of <−472.5 HU and CTR of <27.4% were highly suspected in lepidic-predominant invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Omentectomy in Combination With Hysterectomy As a Remedial Procedure Improves Disease-Free Survival of Patients With Occult Uterine Sarcoma Undergoing Morcellation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ding Chao , Zhu Jianqing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background：Tumor morcellation happened to facilitate iatrogenic metastasis for patients with occult uterine sarcoma. The optimal remedial procedure for these patients needed to be established. Methods：Data were retrospectively collected and analyzed from patients with occult uterine sarcoma undergoing morcellation. Results：23 consecutive patients with uterine sarcomas undergoing morcellation were accessed between Jan 2008 and Dec 2018, including 15 patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma and 8 with endometrial stromal sarcoma. Hysterectomy + omentectomy as a remedial procedure was significantly associated with better disease-free survival (P=0.031), and all 7 patients undergoing the previous procedure remain disease free. However, nether simple hysterectomy (P=0.194) nor adjuvant therapy (P=0.159) had such benefits. There was no significant difference in disease-free survival between laparoscopic and open surgery (p=0.321). Conclusion：Hysterectomy + omentectomy was considered as the optimal remedial procedure for patients with occult uterine sarcoma undergoing morcellation.
The Value of Preoperative Blood Neutrophil-Lymphocyte, White Blood Cell-Lymphocyte, Monocyte-Lymphocyte, and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratios in Predicting the Malignant Potential of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yan Lizhao , Cao Yinghao , Deng Shenghe , Gu Junnan , Mao Fuwei , Xue Yifan , Li Hang , Liu Xinghua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the predictive value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), white blood cell-lymphocyte ratio (WLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in grading the malignant potential of the gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 843 GIST patients who underwent surgery during hospitalisation from June 2016 to July 2020 and 374 unrelated healthy controls. Demographic data were collected for each participant, including age, gender, body mass index, laboratory test results, and pathological results. We compared the NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR between GIST and healthy individuals, as well as among patients with different risk grades of GIST.Results: NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR values of patients with GIST were significantly increased compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). These values also showed statistically significant differences among the four risk degree groups. The NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR values of the high-risk group were significantly higher than those of the very low-risk group, low-risk group, and intermediate-risk group (p<0.001). The NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR showed a high predictive value in the high-risk group, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.802, 0.824, 0.866, and 0.814, and a cut-off value of 2.059, 3.347, 0.221, and 141.4, respectively.Conclusion: Preoperative NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR have a high predictive value for grading the malignant potential of GIST, especially in the high-risk group. These values provide a convenient and inexpensive way to determine preoperative chemotherapy and surgical strategies.
The Associated Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Nipple-Areola Complex Involvement in Breast Cancer
Authors: HUANG WEILING , Zenan Huang , Hua Jiang , Lin Cheng , Tai Mu , Li Xi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background. At present,the indication for nipple-sparing mastectomy（NSM）remains inconclusive,and the occult NAC involvement （NI）is one of the most considerable problem when carrying out NSM.We aimed at identifying the predictive factors of NAC involvement,to provide an implement of selecting suitable NSM candidates.Methods. The association between the NI and tumorous clinicopathologic characteristics of 272 mastectomies and 31 therapeutic NSM performed in our hospital from 2016 to 2018，were retrospectively evaluated.Results.38 of 272（14.0%）mastectomies and 2 of 31（6.5%）NSM were confirmed to have NAC involvement, and all the intraoperative frozen section examination of the sub-areolar/nipple tissue were consistent with the permanent section examination in NSM. The median follow-up durations for NSM was 24 months,local recurrence occurred in 1 of 30（3.2%） patients.Among 272 mastectomies，the NAC involvement showed significant association with the abnormal nipple signs（P＜0.001），tumor size ＞4cm measured by ultrasound （P＜0.001）and gross pathologic samples（P＜0.001），tumor-nipple distance ＜1cm（P=0.003），central location（P＜0.001），lymph node metastasis（P=0.004），and HER2 overexpression（P=0.023）.A preoperative predictive model of NAC involvement utilizing nipple signs(normal or abnormal),tumor size(≤4cm or ＞4cm),tumor location(central or peripheral) showed a PPV of 85.7% and a NPV of 90.3%.Conclusions.The local recurrence rate after NSM is low （3.2%）in our study，and the intraoperative frozen section examination plays an important role in the procedure of NSM.Further more，we proposed a predictive model of the NAC involvement utilizing the preoperative tumorous characteristics，including the nipple signs，tumor size measured by ultrasound，and the tumor location.This predictive model could be working in the planning of breast cancer surgery.
Using PyC modified 3D carbon fiber to reinforce UHTC under low temperature sintering without pressure
Authors: DU Baihe , Cheng Yuan , XUN Liancai , ZHANG Shuchang , TONG Jing , LV Qingrong , ZHOU Shanbao , Hu Ping , ZHANG Xinghong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To find the optimum balance between strength and toughness, as well as acquiring reliable thermal shock resistance and oxidation resistance, has always been the most concerned topic in the discussion of ultra-high temperature ceramic composites. Herein, PyC modified 3D carbon fiber is used to reinforce ultra-high temperature ceramic. The macroscopic block composite with large size is successfully fabricated through ultra-low temperature sintering at 1300°C without pressure. The prepared PyC modified 3D Cf/ZrC-SiC composites simultaneously possess excellent physical and chemical stability under the synergistic effect of PyC interface layer and ultra-low temperature sintering without pressure. The fracture toughness is increased in magnitude to 13.05 ± 1.72 MPa∙m1/2 accompanied by reliable flexural strength of 251 ± 27 MPa. After rapid thermal shock spanning from RT to 1200°C, there is no visible surface penetrating cracks, spalling or structural fragmentation. The maximum critical temperature difference reaches 875°C, which is nearly three times higher than that of traditional monolithic ceramics. The haunting puzzle of intrinsic brittleness and low damage tolerance are resolved fundamentally. Under the protection of PyC interface layer, the carbon fibers around oxide layer and matrix remain structure intact after static oxidation at 1500°C for 30 min. The oxide layer has reliable physical and chemical stability and resist the erosion from fierce oxidizing atmosphere, ensuring the excellent oxidation resistance of the composites. In a sense, the present work provides promising universality in designability and achievement of 3D carbon fiber reinforced ceramic composites.
Malaria Parasite Species Composition of Plasmodium Infections Among Asymptomatic and Symptomatic School-Age Children in Rural and Urban Areas of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Nundu Sabin S. , Culleton Richard , Simpson Shirley V. , Arima Hiroaki , Muyembe Jean-Jacques , Mita Toshihiro , Ahuka Steve , Yamamoto Taro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background. Malaria remains a major public health concern in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and school-age children are relatively neglected in malaria prevalence surveys and may constitute a significant reservoir of transmission. This study aimed to understand the burden of malaria infections in school-age children in Kinshasa/DRC.Methods. 634 (427 asymptomatic and 207 symptomatic) blood samples were collected from a cross-sectional survey of school-age children aged 6 to 14 years both without and with malaria symptoms. Nested-PCR was performed for malaria parasite species typing. Results. The overall prevalence of Plasmodium spp., Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale was 62.3, 58.1, 19.9 and 10.8% among asymptomatic whereas it was 94.4, 93.2, 12.6 and 15.9% in symptomatic children, respectively. All Plasmodium species infections were significantly more prevalent in the rural area compared to the urban area in asymptomatic infections (p<0.001). Living in a rural as opposed to an urban area was associated with a five-fold greater risk of asymptomatic malaria parasite carriage (p<0.001). Amongst asymptomatic malaria parasite carriers, 43% of children in the rural area were co-infected with two or more species with P. falciparum + P. malariae the most common (24%) whereas in the urban setting, fewer children carried co-infections (16%) with P. falciparum + P. malariae again the most common (9%). A fifth of rural-dwelling symptomatic children were co-infected with two or more species with P. falciparum + P. ovale the most common (14%), while a quarter of symptomatic children in the urban area carried multiple species, with co-infections of P. falciparum + P. malariae the most common (11%). Conclusion. School-age children are at significant risk from both asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria parasite infections. Continuous systematic screening and treatment of school-age children in high-transmission settings across the country may reinforce malaria intervention measures.
Massive economic costs of invasive bivalves in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Haubrock Phillip J. , Cuthberg Ross N. , Ricciardi Anthony , Diagne Christophe , Courchamp Franck 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Many countries lack the economic capacity to effectively manage invasive species. Yet, the direct socioeconomic impact generally much outweighs the expected costs of prevention. A distinct lack of monetary cost quantification associated with key invasive species groups impedes decision-making, and thus resource allocation, by policy makers to address invasions. Here, we synthesize published global economic costs of impacts for one key taxonomic group – freshwater bivalves – whilst explicitly considering the reliability of estimation methodologies, cost types, economic sectors and impacted regions. Although several species from this group are notorious widespread invaders, estimations of their economic costs have remained relatively sparse. Cumulative total global costs of invasive macrofouling bivalves were US$ 63.6 billion (2017 USD) across all regions and socioeconomic sectors between 1980 and 2020. Costs were heavily biased taxonomically and spatially, dominated by two families, Dreissenidae and Cyrenidae (Corbiculidae), and largely constrained to North America. The largest share of reported costs ($ 30.6 billion) did not make the distinction between damage and management. However, of those that did, damages and resource losses were one order of magnitude higher ($ 30.3 billion) than control or preventative measures ($ 1.7 billion). Moreover, although many impacted socioeconomic sectors lacked specification, the largest shares of costs were incurred through authorities and stakeholders ($ 26.3 billion, e.g. public and private sector interventions) and by public and social welfare ($ 11.6 billion, e.g. via power/drinking water plant and irrigation system damage). Average cost estimates over the entire period amounted to approximately $ 1.6 billion per year, most of which was incurred in North America. We thus present novel cost quantifications that offer a strong economic incentive to invest in preventative management of invasive bivalves in freshwaters. However, these costs are severely underestimated because well-documented economic impacts are lacking for most invaded countries and most invasive bivalve species.
Men who care too much do not work: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of unpaid caregiving by men on their labour market participation
Authors: Fu Rui , Guo Jennifer , Coyte Peter C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of unpaid caregiving by men on their labour force participation (LFP).Methods: English-language journal articles, dissertations and working/conference papers from the MEDLINE, Embase, AgeLine, EconLit, EconPapers and the International Bibliography of the Social Science databases were searched from January 2007 to February 2021. We pooled the marginal effect of caregiving on men’s LFP in a random-effects model where LFP was defined as being gainfully employed while non-LFP comprised all other circumstances. Non-parametric methods were used to estimate the probability that caregiving was negatively associated with LFP. Meta-regressions were conducted with countries stratified by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita as a moderator variable. Secondary analyses were performed on employed men to assess the potential caregiving effect on temporary work exit and permanent retirement.Results: Thirty-one studies (904,694 men) were included in the review with 28 of these studies (892,805 men) used in the meta-analysis. The random-effects model found men who were weekly, daily or primary caregivers to experience a 4.4%, 8.0% and 10.0% reduction in their LFP, when compared to their respective counterparts. We estimated weekly, daily or primary caregivers to have an 87.3% (95% CI: 70%-96%), 87.5% (95% CI: 84%-96%) and 80.8% (95% CI: 67%-100%) chance of a lower LFP. An hourly increase in caregiving was unrelated to LFP (p-value=0.106). Among employed men (24,319 men), caregiving was found to be unrelated with retirement (p-value=0.156) and no meta-analysis was conducted on temporary work exit. No difference was found across countries stratified by GNI per capita.Conclusions: These results urge policy decisionmakers to provide more flexible work arrangements and other protective measures to support male employees who are weekly, daily or primary caregivers. Future meta-analyses should explore the effect of caregiving on other dimensions of labour supply (e.g., hours of work) by men. The scarcity of studies conducted in low-/middle-income countries might be addressed by creating population-based cohorts following the protocol of existing studies such as the American HRS (Health and Retirement Study). JEL classification: J16, J20, J22, J26
Extradural Glomus Tumor of the Thoracic Spine: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zheng Jihui , Li Xinxing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective

Glomus tumors are rare lesions that can arise anywhere along the spinal axis. Only thirteen cases have been reported. We report a case of a patient with a rare glomangioma of the thoracic spine. Following a review of the twelve previous cases is a discussion of a spinal glomus tumor with regard to clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.
Methods

A single, recent case arising from the extradural space of the thoracic spine is described, followed by a literature review of spinal glomus tumors.
Results

Including our case, thirteen cases of a glomus tumor have been reported. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 44.6 years (range: 22–73 years) and the male-to-female (M:F) ratio was 1.17:1. The lesion was located in the cervical spine in 1 patient, the thoracic spine in 7 patients, the lumbar spine in 4 patients, and the sacrum in 1 patient. All the tumors were benign; however, there was one report of local recurrence because of incomplete removal. There were no malignant transformations, metastases, or deaths reported with a mean follow-up of 20.09 ± 28.43 months (range: 2–90 months).
Conclusions

Spinal glomus tumor are rare, and the preoperative diagnosis is difficult. An overwhelming majority of glomus tumors are benign and are cured by simple local excision. Patients undergoing complete resection have an excellent long-term prognosis.
Fibrinogen/Albumin Ratio Index is An Independent Predictor of Recurrence-Free Survival in Patients With Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Following Surgical Resection
Authors: Liu Hu , Qiu Guoteng , Hu Fengjuan , Wu Hong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Systemic inflammation and nutritional status are associated with tumor development and progression. This study investigated the prognostic value of fibrinogen/albumin ratio index (FARI) in predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) undergoing hepatectomy.Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted including patients who received curative hepatectomy for ICC at between May 2010 and December 2016. We collected the preoperative hematologic parameters and clinical data of all patients. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve were used to identify the optimal cut-off value of FARI. The association between FARI-High and FARI-Low group was investigated by using the Kaplan–Meier method. A nomogram based on the results of univariate and multivariate analysis were established. Results: A total of 394 patients with ICC who underwent hepatectomy at our hospital were enrolled. K-M analysis revealed that decreased FARI was related to reduced RFS (P<0.001). The multivariate analysis indicated that tumor number, tumor–node–metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, cirrhosis, serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and FARI were independent predictors of RFS; and the ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value for FARI was 0.084 based on the Youden index. The nomogram for FARI showed satisfactory accuracy in predicting RFS for ICC patients undergoing hepatectomy (C index=0.663; AIC=3081.07). Conclusion: Preoperative FARI is an independent predictor of RFS in patients undergoing hepatectomy for ICC, and the nomogram can be useful for clinical decision-making in the postoperative management of these patients.