bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximity proteomics identifies PAK4 as a component of Afadin–Nectin junctions
Authors: Baskaran Yohendran , Tay Felicia Pei-Ling , Ng Elsa Yuen Wai , Swa Claire Lee Foon , Wee Sheena , Gunaratne Jayantha , Manser Edward 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman PAK4 is an ubiquitously expressed p21-activated kinase which acts downstream of Cdc42. Since PAK4 is enriched in cell-cell junctions, we probed the local protein environment around the kinase with a view to understanding its location and substrates. We report that U2OS cells expressing PAK4-BirA-GFP identify a subset of 27 PAK4-proximal proteins that are primarily cell-cell junction components. Afadin/AF6 showed the highest relative biotin labelling and links to the nectin family of homophilic junctional proteins. Reciprocally >50% of the PAK4-proximal proteins were identified by Afadin BioID. Co-precipitation experiments failed to identify junctional proteins, emphasizing the advantage of the BioID method. Mechanistically PAK4 depended on Afadin for its junctional localization, which is similar to the situation in Drosophila. A highly ranked PAK4-proximal protein LZTS2 was immuno-localized with Afadin at cell-cell junctions. Though PAK4 and Cdc42 are junctional, BioID analysis did not yield conventional cadherins, indicating their spatial segregation. To identify cellular PAK4 substrates we then assessed rapid changes (12’) in phospho-proteome after treatment with two PAK inhibitors. Among the PAK4-proximal junctional proteins seventeen PAK4 sites were identified. We anticipate mammalian group II PAKs are selective for the Afadin/nectin sub-compartment, with a demonstrably distinct localization from tight and cadherin junctions.
Magnetic skyrmion braids
Authors: Zheng Fengshan , Rybakov Filipp N. , Kiselev Nikolai S. , Song Dongsheng , Kovács András , Du Haifeng , Blügel Stefan , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSkyrmions are vortex-like spin textures that form strings in magnetic crystals. Due to the analogy to elastic strings, skyrmion strings are naturally expected to braid and form complex three-dimensional patterns, but this phenomenon has not been explored yet. We found that skyrmion strings can form braids in cubic crystals of chiral magnets. This finding is confirmed by direct observations of skyrmion braids in B20-type FeGe using transmission electron microscopy. The theoretical analysis predicts that the discovered phenomenon is general for a wide family of chiral magnets. These findings have important implications for skyrmionics and propose a solid-state framework for applications of the mathematical theory of braids.
Automatically disambiguating medical acronyms with ontology-aware deep learning
Authors: Skreta Marta , Arbabi Aryan , Wang Jixuan , Drysdale Erik , Kelly Jacob , Singh Devin , Brudno Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModern machine learning (ML) technologies have great promise for automating diverse clinical and research workflows; however, training them requires extensive hand-labelled datasets. Disambiguating abbreviations is important for automated clinical note processing; however, broad deployment of ML for this task is restricted by the scarcity and imbalance of labeled training data. In this work we present a method that improves a model’s ability to generalize through novel data augmentation techniques that utilizes information from biomedical ontologies in the form of related medical concepts, as well as global context information within the medical note. We train our model on a public dataset (MIMIC III) and test its performance on automatically generated and hand-labelled datasets from different sources (MIMIC III, CASI, i2b2). Together, these techniques boost the accuracy of abbreviation disambiguation by up to 17% on hand-labeled data, without sacrificing performance on a held-out test set from MIMIC III.
Transport in helical Luttinger liquids in the fractional quantum Hall regime
Authors: Wang Ying , Ponomarenko Vadim , Wan Zhong , West Kenneth W. , Baldwin Kirk W. , Pfeiffer Loren N. , Lyanda-Geller Yuli , Rokhinson Leonid P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDomain walls in fractional quantum Hall ferromagnets are gapless helical one-dimensional channels formed at the boundaries of topologically distinct quantum Hall (QH) liquids. Naïvely, these helical domain walls (hDWs) constitute two counter-propagating chiral states with opposite spins. Coupled to an s-wave superconductor, helical channels are expected to lead to topological superconductivity with high order non-Abelian excitations1–3. Here we investigate transport properties of hDWs in the ν = 2/3 fractional QH regime. Experimentally we found that current carried by hDWs is substantially smaller than the prediction of the naïve model. Luttinger liquid theory of the system reveals redistribution of currents between quasiparticle charge, spin and neutral modes, and predicts the reduction of the hDW current. Inclusion of spin-non-conserving tunneling processes reconciles theory with experiment. The theory confirms emergence of spin modes required for the formation of fractional topological superconductivity.
Targeting the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway suppresses CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer
Authors: Lin Jianhuang , Liu Heng , Fukumoto Takeshi , Zundell Joseph , Yan Qingqing , Tang Chih-Hang Anthony , Wu Shuai , Zhou Wei , Guo Dajiang , Karakashev Sergey , Hu Chih-Chi Andrew , Sarma Kavitha , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Zhang Rugang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCARM1 is often overexpressed in human cancers including in ovarian cancer. However, therapeutic approaches based on CARM1 expression remain to be an unmet need. Cancer cells exploit adaptive responses such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response for their survival through activating pathways such as the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway. Here, we report that CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer cells are selectively sensitive to inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway. CARM1 regulates XBP1s target gene expression and directly interacts with XBP1s during ER stress response. Inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway was effective against ovarian cancer in a CARM1-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft models. In addition, IRE1α inhibitor B-I09 synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade anti-PD1 antibody in an immunocompetent CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer model. Our data show that pharmacological inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway alone or in combination with immune checkpoint blockade represents a therapeutic strategy for CARM1-expressing cancers.
Sex-specific normal values and determinants of infrarenal abdominal aortic diameter among non-aneurysmal elderly population
Authors: Zhu Fang , Arshi Banafsheh , Ikram M. Arfan , De Knegt Robert J. , Kavousi Maryam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo establish age- and sex-specific distribution of the infrarenal abdominal aortic diameters (IAD) among non-aneurysmal elderly population and to investigate the associations between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and IAD in men and women. We included 4032 participants (mean age 67.2 years; 60.4% women) from the population-based Rotterdam Study, free of cardiovascular disease, who underwent IAD ultrasound assessment between 2009–2014. Linear regression analysis was used to identify determinants of IAD. The medians (inter-quartile range) of absolute IAD and body surface area (BSA)-adjusted IAD were 17.0 (15.0–18.0) mm and 9.3 (8.5–10.2) mm for women and 19.0 (18.0–21.0) mm and 9.4 (8.6–10.3) mm for men, respectively. There was a non-linear relationship between age and IAD. IAD increased steeply with advancing age and up to 70 years. After around 75 years of age, the diameter values reached a plateau. Waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure were associated with larger diameters in both sexes. Body mass index [Effect estimate (95% CI): 0.04 (0.00 to 0.08)], systolic blood pressure [− 0.01(− 0.02 to 0.00)], current smoking [0.35 (0.06 to 0.65)], total cholesterol levels [− 0.21 (− 0.31 to − 0.11)], and lipid-lowering medication [− 0.43 (− 0.67 to − 0.19)] were significantly associated with IAD in women. Sex differences in IAD values diminished after taking BSA into account. The increase in diameters was attenuated after 70 years. Differences were observed in the associations of several cardiovascular risk factors with IAD among men and women.
Comparative transcriptional profiling of canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma and homology with human ameloblastoma
Authors: Peralta Santiago , Duhamel Gerald E. , Katt William P. , Heikinheimo Kristiina , Miller Andrew D. , Ahmed Faraz , McCleary-Wheeler Angela L. , Grenier Jennifer K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmeloblastomas are odontogenic tumors that are rare in people but have a relatively high prevalence in dogs. Because canine acanthomatous ameloblastomas (CAA) have clinicopathologic and molecular features in common with human ameloblastomas (AM), spontaneous CAA can serve as a useful translational model of disease. However, the molecular basis of CAA and how it compares to AM are incompletely understood.In this study, we compared the global genomic expression profile of CAA with AM and evaluated its dental origin by using a bulk RNA-seq approach. For these studies, healthy gingiva and canine oral squamous cell carcinoma served as controls. We found that aberrant RAS signaling, and activation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition cellular program are involved in the pathogenesis of CAA, and that CAA is enriched with genes known to be upregulated in AM including those expressed during the early stages of tooth development, suggesting a high level of molecular homology. These results support the model that domestic dogs with spontaneous CAA have potential for pre-clinical assessment of targeted therapeutic modalities against AM.
Gate energy efficiency and negative capacitance in ferroelectric 2D/2D TFET from cryogenic to high temperatures
Authors: Kamaei Sadegh , Saeidi Ali , Gastaldi Carlotta , Rosca Teodor , Capua Luca , Cavalieri Matteo , Ionescu Adrian M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report the fabrication process and performance characterization of a fully integrated ferroelectric gate stack in a WSe2/SnSe2Tunnel FETs (TFETs). The energy behavior of the gate stack during charging and discharging, together with the energy loss of a switching cycle and gate energy efficiency factor are experimentally extracted over a broad range of temperatures, from cryogenic temperature (77 K) up to 100 °C. The obtained results confirm that the linear polarizability is maintained over all the investigated range of temperature, being inversely proportional to the temperatureTof the ferroelectric stack. We show that a lower-hysteresis behavior is a sine-qua-non condition for an improved energy efficiency, suggesting the high interest in a true NC operation regime. A pulsed measurement technique shows the possibility to achieve a hysteresis-free negative capacitance (NC) effect on ferroelectric 2D/2D TFETs. This enables sub-15 mV dec−1point subthreshold slope, 20 mV dec−1average swing over two decades of current,IONof the order of 100 nA µm−2andION/IOFF > 104atVd= 1 V. Moreover, an average swing smaller than 10 mV dec−1over 1.5 decades of current is also obtained in a NC TFET with a hysteresis of 1 V. An analog current efficiency factor, up to 50 and 100 V−1, is achieved in hysteresis-free NC-TFETs. The reported results highlight that operating a ferroelectric gate stack steep slope switch in the NC may allow combined switching energy efficiency and low energy loss, in the hysteresis-free regime.
Experiences With Hearing Health Care Services: What Can We Learn From Online Consumer Reviews?
Authors: Manchaiah Vinaya , Bennett Rebecca J. , Ratinaud Pierre , Swanepoel De Wet 
Published: September 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine experiences of hearing health care services as described in online consumer reviews.

Design

This study used a cross-sectional design. Online consumer reviews about hearing health care services generated from
Google.com
to an open-ended question “Share details of your own experience at this place” and perceived overall experience (indicated on a 5-point rating scale: “very good” to “very poor”) were extracted from 40 different cities across the United States. The open text contributed a text corpus of 9,622 unique consumer reviews. These responses were analyzed with the cluster analysis approach using an open-source automated text analysis software program, IRaMuTeQ, to identify key themes. Association between clusters and consumer experience ratings as well as consumer metadata (percentage of older adults in the city, region) were examined using the chi-square analysis.

Results

The majority of consumers appeared satisfied with their hearing health care services, with nearly 95% of consumers reporting “very good” and “good” on the global experience scale. The analysis of text responses resulted in seven clusters within two domains. Domain 1 (Clinical Processes) included the three clusters:
administration processes, perceived benefits,
and
device acquisition.
Domain 2 (Staff and Service Interactions) included the four clusters:
clinician communications, staff professionalism
,
customer service,
and
provider satisfaction
. Content relating to
administration processes
was associated with overall rating regarding the hearing health care service experience. Consumer's reviews relating to
administration processes
mostly described negative experiences, and these participants were more inclined to provide poorer overall experience ratings. In addition, city characteristics (i.e., percentage of older adults, region) had bearing toward what elements of hearing health care services are highlighted more in the consumer reviews.

Conclusions
Consumers comment on a variety of elements when describing their experiences with hearing health care services. Experiences reported in most clusters were generally positive, although some concerns in the “clinical process” are associated with lower satisfaction. Employing patient-centered strategies and ensuring patients have good experiences in the areas of concern may help improve both patient experience and their satisfaction.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16455924
Speech, Language, and Communication Deficits and Intervention in a Single Case of Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Brennan Christine , Weintraub Haley , Tennant Sherri , Meyers Christina 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The current literature on pediatric autoimmune encephalitis (AE) focuses on medical identification/diagnosis and medical treatments. Data about the identification and treatment of communication disorders in these children are limited. This clinical focus article provides an example of the speech, language, and communication characteristics, intervention, and recovery of a single child with medical diagnoses of pediatric AE and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) and special education eligibility under the autism spectrum disorder category.

Method
This is an in-depth illustrative/descriptive case study. Medical, educational, and speech-language documentation of one child diagnosed with AE at age 7 years was reviewed. Methods included interviews with family members, teachers, and the school speech-language pathologist and reviews of documentation including evaluations, reports, and Individualized Education Programs.

Results
This child received special education and therapy services through his public school and a university speech-language clinic. He concurrently received medical treatment for AE and PANS. Comprehensive augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention included the use of core words, modeling, parallel talk, self-talk, expansive recasts, shared book reading, family counseling, and collaboration with the parents and the school speech-language pathologist. The child made progress on all goals despite irregular attendance to therapy due to medical complications.

Discussion
Because experimental research including this population is currently limited, this descriptive case study provides valuable information to clinicians, educators, pediatricians, medical diagnosticians, and anyone providing services to a child with a complex neuropsychological disorder like AE. Future research is needed with more children who have AE, especially experimental investigations of the intervention methods utilized here. Additional research of more children with AE can provide information about the scope and severity of speech, language, and communication needs and the trajectory of recovery given AAC intervention.
The Assessment of Possible Cluttering in Japanese Adults Who Stutter: Analyzing the Ratio of Disfluencies
Authors: Iimura Daichi , Miyamoto Shoko 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
In this study, we investigated the classification of cluttering by assessing speech based on the ratio of disfluencies (RDF) and attempted to identify cluttering and cluttering–stuttering by classifying disfluencies according to previous studies and the Japanese Standardized Test for Stuttering. We further investigated the factors that contribute to the occurrence of disfluency by comparing the disfluencies of three tasks (spontaneous speech, oral reading, and retelling a memorized story) and examining the relationship between RDF and speech rate.

Method
The participants comprised 20 Japanese adults who stutter. Participants were required to perform an oral reading task, retelling a memorized story task, and a spontaneous speech task. We subsequently classified their disfluencies and calculated the RDF (normal disfluencies that are often observed in cluttering/stuttering-like disfluencies).

Results
About half of the participants met the cluttering criteria, that is, an RDF of above 3. Analyzing speech disfluencies revealed that a high RDF is associated with fewer stuttering-like disfluencies that increase the denominator of the RDF formula or many “interjections” that make its numerator smaller.

Conclusions
These tendencies of speech disfluencies could influence cluttering identification. We should further utilize the RDF considering the findings of this study.
Körperliches Training mit Herzpatienten.
Praxisorientierte Empfehlungen für die
kardiologische Sport-/Bewegungstherapie
Authors: Schwan Uwe , Nebel Roland 
Published: September 2021

EinleitungDie präventive Wirkung regelmäßiger körperlicher
Aktivität bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen und insbesondere bei der
koronaren Herzerkrankung (KHK) ist gut belegt. Es besteht eine inverse
Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung zwischen dem Aktivitätsumfang und der
Gesamtmortalität, der kardiovaskulären Morbidität und
Mortalität. Dabei besteht der relativ größte
präventive Nutzen bereits früh in der Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung,
d. h. bei bereits niedrigen Trainingsintensitäten im Vergleich zur
Inaktivität. Sie steht somit gleichberechtigt neben medikamentösen,
interventionellen und operativen Therapieansätzen und kann diese sinnvoll
ergänzen. Sporttherapeutische und sportpädagogische
Maßnahmen dienen dem Erwerb individueller Ressourcen und Kompetenzen und
können auf diesem Wege zur Veränderung des bewegungsbezogenen
Lebensstils beitragen. Ein sinnvolles Bewegungs- und Trainingsprogramm für
Herzpatienten sollte nach dem heutigen Kenntnisstand Ausdauer-, Koordinations- und
Krafttraining beinhalten. Die folgenden Trainingsempfehlungen für
Herzpatienten sollen eine therapeutisch angeleitete, dosierte, kontrollierte und
damit erfolgreiche Steuerung des Trainings von Menschen mit
Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen ermöglichen.
Extensive Thromboembolism in a Young Male with Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection and Heterozygous Factor V Leiden Mutation
Authors: Appenzeller Florian , Schmehl Jörg , Gawaz Meinrad , Müller Iris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this case report we present a previously healthy 21-year-old male with extensive thromboembolism in the setting of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation with no additional thrombophilic risk factors.
Evaluation of Suspected COVID-19 Patients in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Akça Halise , Kurt Funda , Akça Çağlar Ayla , Güngör Ahmet Alptuğ , Kuruç Aylin Irmak , Gacal Esma Büşra , Gişi Simge , Kanık-Yüksek Saliha , Yakut Halil İbrahim , Dibek Mısırlıoğlu Emine , Şenel Emrah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 in pediatric patients and to compare the characteristics of positive and negative patients. This study conducted from March to May 2020 in a tertiary children's hospital. Patients were included if they were under 18 years old and a SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test had been performed. Of the 1,812 patients included in the study, 365 (20.1%) were positive for COVID-19. The median age was 102 months in the positive group, 70 months in the negative group (p < 0.001). The sex distribution was almost equal. Nearly all positive patients had been in close contact with a COVID-19 infected family household member (p < 0.001). The most common symptoms were fever (54.4%) and cough (38.6%). The asymptomatic patient rate was higher in the positive group (p < 0.001). Lymphopenia (<1500/mm3) was found in 29.9% of the positive children (p = 0.005). When the groups were compared, white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; and C-reactive protein level were lower in the positive group. Chest radiography was performed in 95.3% of the positive patients, and the results of 29.7% of them were interpreted as pathological (p < 0.001). Most of the pediatric patients had a history of contact with COVID-19 positive individuals, and therefore, the diagnosis is generally suspected from a history of household exposure to COVID-19. Lymphopenia can help predict positivity. Awareness, reinforcing infection control measures, and performing health management within families are important steps to manage these patients.
The asylum–child welfare paradox: unaccompanied minors in Austria
Authors: Dursun Ayse , Sauer Birgit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExisting research shows that right-wing populist imaginaries and discourses on “bogus asylum seekers” mobilise feelings of fear and panic and serve to legitimise increasingly restrictive asylum policies in Europe. In light of this ongoing development, this paper addresses a more intrinsic and structural aspect of asylum, which requires balancing the inclusion and exclusion of persecuted third-country nationals. This paradox is most evident with unaccompanied minors who are caught between state norms and practices that are both exclusionary and repressive (asylum) and inclusive and caring (child welfare). In order to tackle this dilemma, we explore how the asylum–child welfare paradox is organised and formalised by the state and how it affects unaccompanied minors. Based on interviews with unaccompanied minors in Austria and experts who work with them, the findings show that child and youth welfare norms and practices that are formalised as part of the asylum procedure improve unaccompanied minors’ living conditions without dismantling asylum norms and practices of surveillance, conditionality, and scarcity. Judging by their simultaneous implementation, the state preserves and reinforces exclusionary and repressive asylum norms not despite but through child welfare norms and practices.