bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study to assess the knowledge and beliefs regarding AIDS among higher secondary students in rural schools of South Kerala and South Tamil Nadu
Authors: Cyril Jose P. , Stephenson Baburaj , John Joy , Alex Anju Mirin , Paul Sony S. , Sam Merin Mariam , . Teena , Mohan Simi 
Published: August 2021

Background: HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed 36.3 million lives so far. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world, with 2.1 million people living with HIV. Epidemiological data on AIDS suggests that in many cases, HIV infection was acquired during adolescence and lack of knowledge is one of the most important reasons. Hence, an ardent need was felt to assess the knowledge and beliefs of adolescents regarding AIDS. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and beliefs regarding AIDS among higher secondary students of rural schools in South Kerala and in South Tamil Nadu. Methods: After getting ethical committee clearance, the study was conducted among higher secondary students of twelfth standard using a predesigned and validated self-administered questionnaire. An educational intervention regarding AIDS lasting for 30 min was given after the test. Data analysis was done using appropriate software.Results: The mean knowledge scores of students from Kerala (11.57) and Tamil Nadu (11.51) were almost same. Television, newspaper and teachers were the main source of information about AIDS. Beliefs like Whiteman’s disease can spread through mosquito bite, sharing vessels and giving shake hands/touching were highly prevalent in the study subjects.Conclusions: Proper emphasis should be given to teachers on mentoring adolescents and imparting them with the needed knowledge on HIV/AIDS to enable them to overcome this period of stress and storm.
The Use of Saturated MgSO4 Compared to Saturated Sucrose in the Flotation Method to Identify Eggs and Larvae of Soil-Transmitted Helminths from Plantation Soil
Authors: Kholidah Nidya Husna , Armiyanti Yunita , Rachmawati Dwita Aryadina , Hermansyah Bagus , Nurdian Yudha 
Published: August 2021

Worms infection is still common in Indonesia with a prevalence that varies around 40% -60% at all ages. This disease can be caused by infection of Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) that require soil media to infect humans. The many plantation lands in Jember are a suitable environment for the development of STH and STH identification in soil can be done by flotation method using MgSO4 solution or sucrose. The comparison of the effectiveness of the MgSO4 solution with the sucrose solution has not been widely studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of using saturated MgSO4 solution with saturated sucrose to identify eggs and larvae of STH in Sumber Wadung plantation soil, Hargomulyo Village, Silo District, Jember Regency using the flotation method. Soil samples were taken as many as 35 samples in the garden area, 35 samples around the river, and 35 samples in residential areas,. The results of identification of STH eggs and larvae obtained Ascarid eggs (1.9%) and Hookworm larvae (0.01%). The number of positive soil samples containing STH eggs and larvae using different solutions is the same as three samples (0.02%).The Wilcoxon test results showed that there was no difference in the results of using the MgSO4 solution with the sucrose solution in the flotation method (p> 0.05) so that the MgSO4 solution and sucrose solution could be used to detect eggs and larvae of STH worms and had the same effectiveness.
Keyword: Soil-transmitted helminths, saturated MgSO4, saturated sucrose, flotation
LEARNING CLEAN AND HEALTHY LIVING BEHAVIOR WITH POP-UP BOOK AND POSTER MEDIA ON CHILDREN AGES 6-12 YEARS AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, MALANG
Authors: Naimah Naimah , Setyaningsih Wahyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB) is an effort to improve health quality through clean and healthy daily life behaviors. The problem of health behavior in children is related to personal hygiene, the environment, and the emergence of various diseases that often attack children. One of the preventive measures is to teach CHLB to children as early as possible by using interesting and easy-to-understand media for children. This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of a pop-up book and poster media on the ability of CHLB children aged 6-12 years. This study used a cross-sectional approach with 90 respondents divided into 3 groups. Collecting data using a questionnaire and analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. The results showed that 66.67% of respondents had knowledge in the sufficient category and 10% in the less category before being given a combination of the two methods. Each respondent experienced a significant change in their knowledge. Statistical testing with MANOVA analysis on the comparison between treatment groups on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior obtained a calculated F value of 172,000 with a significance of <0.001 indicating that there were significant differences between treatment groups on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The use of pop-up books and posters can be used in the learning process because they have a major impact on increasing children's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in an effort to maintain health through clean and healthy living behaviors.
State Abortion Policies and Maternal Death in the United States, 2015‒2018
Authors: Vilda Dovile , Wallace Maeve E. , Daniel Clare , Evans Melissa Goldin , Stoecker Charles , Theall Katherine P. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives. To examine associations between state-level variation in abortion-restricting policies in 2015 and total maternal mortality (TMM), maternal mortality (MM), and late maternal mortality (LMM) from 2015 to 2018 in the United States. Methods. We derived an abortion policy composite index for each state based on 8 state-level abortion-restricting policies. We fit ecological state-level generalized linear Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to estimate 4-year TMM, MM, and LMM rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with a 1-unit increase in the abortion index, adjusting for state-level covariates. Results. States with the higher score of abortion policy composite index had a 7% increase in TMM (adjusted rate ratio [ARR] = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.12) compared with states with lower abortion policy composite index, after we adjusted for state-level covariates. Among individual abortion policies, states with a licensed physician requirement had a 51% higher TMM (ARR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.15, 1.99) and a 35% higher MM (ARR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.67), and states with restrictions on Medicaid coverage of abortion care had a 29% higher TMM (ARR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.61). Conclusions. Restricting access to abortion care at the state level may increase the risk for TMM.
What Works in Appraisal Meetings for Newly Graduated Doctors? – and What doesn't ?
Authors: Møller Marianne Kleis , Sørensen Anita , Andreassen Pernille , Malling Bente 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: In Denmark, an educational advisor is assigned to all doctors in each clinical rotation of postgraduate medical education. The advisor conducts at least three appraisal meetings with the trainee to guide and oversee his/her work and learning progress.This study explores why trainees evaluated the advisory program as either beneficial (successes) or not beneficial (non-successes). Methods: Inspired by the Success Case Method, a survey was conducted among all 129 doctors employed in their first six-month clinical rotation of postgraduate medical education in the Central Denmark Region. A cluster analysis resulted in groups with eight successes and seven non-successes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six successes and five non-successes. Results: In contrast to non-successes, the successes had longer appraisal meetings and their advisor introduced them to purpose and process of meetings including use of the personal learning plan. Successes received feedback on clinical skills, overall global performance and career plans. The successes perceived their advisors as prepared, skilled and motivated and the advisor acted as a contact person.To the successes, the appraisal meetings fostered clarification of and reflections on educational goals, progress and career as well as self-confidence and a sense of security. Conclusion: Success with appraisal meetings seemed to depend on advisor’s skills and motivation including willingness to prioritize time for this task. The results from this study indicate the importance of faculty development. It also raises the question if all doctors should serve as advisors or if this task should be assigned to the most motivated candidates.
Delayed-interval Delivery in Multiple Pregnancies: Short- and Long-term Outcome
Authors: Hüner Beate , Essers Jochen , Schiefele Lisa , Schütze Sabine , Reister Frank , Janni Wolfgang , Deniz Miriam 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Multiple pregnancies are at higher risk of preterm birth due to premature labor, cervical insufficiency, or premature rupture of membranes. However, both children do not necessarily have to be born and exposed to the morbidity of prematurity depending on the age of gestation. One option is a delayed-interval delivery with reduction of morbidity and mortality for the second twin, considering maternal morbidity.
Methods

Retrospective study of delayed-interval deliveries in multiple pregnancies with evaluation of short-and long-term outcome from 2003 to 2020 at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital of the University Hospital < blinded>.
Results

In 17 cases, the delivery of the second twin could be prolonged, on average for 36 days. Pregnancies with delivery of the first twin before 22 weeks of gestation had a longer prolongation than pregnancies with delivery of the first twin after 22 weeks (53 vs. 22 days). In cases where a cerclage was placed, on average a longer prolongation interval (45 vs. 19 days) was observed. The short- and long-term follow-up of the second twin is comparable to the usual complication rate of premature birth.
Conclusion

Multiple pregnancies endangered by premature birth can be successfully prolonged for the second twin without serious maternal morbidity. If the first twin is born before 22 weeks of gestation and a cerclage is performed afterwards, a longer prolongation interval appears.
Modularisation of published and novel models toward a complex KIR2DL4 pathway in pbNK cell
Authors: Ismail Nurul Izza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
KIR2DL4 is an interesting receptor expressed on the peripheral blood natural killer (pbNK) cell as it can be either activating or inhibitory depending on the amino acid residues in the domain. This model uses mathematical modelling to investigate the downstream effects of natural killer cells’ activation (KIR2DL4) receptor after stimulation by key ligand (HLA-G) on pbNK cells. Development of this large pathway is based on a comprehensive qualitative description of pbNKs’ intracellular signalling pathways leading to chemokine and cytotoxin secretion, obtained from the KEGG database (https://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show pathway?hsa04650). From this qualitative description we built a quantitative model for the pathway, reusing existing curated models where possible and implementing new models as needed. This large pathway consists of two published sub-models; the Ca2+ model and the NFAT model, and a newly built FCeRIγ sub-model. The full pathway was fitted to HLA-G-KIR2DL4 pathway published dataset and the model that we developed fitted well to one of two secreted cytokines. The model can be used to predict the production of IFNγ and TNFα cytokines.
Expert-Generated Standard Practice Elements for Evidence-Based Home Visiting Programs Using a Delphi Process
Authors: Haroz Emily , Ingalls Allison , Sorby Karla Decker , Dozier Mary , Kaye Miranda P , Sarche Michelle , Supplee Lauren , Whitaker Daniel J , Grubin Fiona , Daro Deborah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. States, territories, non-profits, and tribes are eligible to obtain federal funding to implement federally-endorsed evidence-based home visiting programs. This represents a massive success in translational science, with $400 million a year allocated to these implementation efforts. This legislation also requires that 3% of this annual funding be allocated to tribal entities implementing home visiting in their communities. However, implementing stakeholders face challenges with selecting which program is best for their desired outcomes and context. Moreover, recent reviews have indicated that when implemented in practice and delivered at scale, many evidence-based home visiting programs fail to replicate the retention rates and effects achieved during clinical trials. To inform program implementers and better identify the active ingredients in home visiting programs that drive significant impacts, we aimed to develop an expert derived consensus taxonomy on the elements used in home visiting practice that are essential to priority outcome domains. Methods. We convened a panel of 16 experts representing researchers, model representatives, and program implementers using a Delphi approach. We first elicited standard practice elements (SPEs) using open-ended inquiry, then compared these elements to behavior change techniques (BCTs) given their general importance in the field of home visiting; and finally rated their importance to 10 outcome domains. Results. Our process identified 48 SPEs derived from the panel, with 83 additional BCTs added based on the literature. Six SPEs, mostly related to home visitor characteristics and skills, were rated essential across all outcome domains. Fifty-three of the 83 BCTs were rated unnecessary across all outcome domains. Conclusions. This work represents the first step in a consensus-grounded taxonomy of techniques and strategies necessary for home visiting programs and provides a framework for future hypothesis testing and replication studies.
Analysis of Genetic Variants in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Using a 22-Gene Next-Generation Sequencing Panel
Authors: Tan Jaymi , Chow Yock Ping , Abidin Norziha Zainul , Chang Kian Meng , Selvaratnam Veena , Tumian Nor Rafeah , Poh Yang Ming , Veerakumarasivam Abhi , Laffan Michael Arthur , Wong Chieh Lee 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The Philadelphia (Ph)-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) (i.e. essential thrombocythaemia (ET), polycythaemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF)) are a group of chronic clonal haematopoietic disorders that have the propensity to advance into bone marrow failure or acute myeloid leukaemia; often resulting in fatality. Although driver mutations have been identified in these Ph-negative MPNs, subtype-specific markers of the disease have yet to be discovered. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology can potentially improve the clinical management of Ph-negative MPNs by allowing for the simultaneous screening of many disease-associated genes.
Methods
The performance of a custom, in-house designed 22-gene NGS panel was technically validated using reference standards across two independent replicate runs. The panel was subsequently used to screen a total of 10 clinical MPN samples (ET n = 3, PV n = 3, PMF n = 4). The resulting NGS data was then analysed via a bioinformatics pipeline.
Results
The custom NGS panel had a detection limit of 1% variant allele frequency (VAF). A total of 44 variants with minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of ≥ 1%, and 20 variants with MAFs of < 1% were identified (4 of which were putatively novel variants with potential biological significance) across the 10 MPN samples. All single nucleotide variants with VAFs ≥ 15% were confirmed via Sanger sequencing.
Conclusions
The high fidelity of the NGS analysis and the identification of known and novel variants support its potential clinical utility in the management of Ph-negative MPNs.
Transmission probability through zigzag monolayer phosphorene superlattice
Authors: boroughani Atena , Faizabadi Edris , Hedayati Hamed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The transportation of charge carriers for monolayer phosphorene superlattice has been investigated utilizing a transfer matrix method. Also, the efficacy of structural parameters has been studied on the transmission of charge carriers for the system. Our findings demonstrated that the barrier number at the superlattice structures performs an essential role in the transportation probability, that can be utilized in the design of nanoelectronic sets. Further, it can be comprehended that the transmission probability of one for the normal incident has occurred in twenty obstacles. On the other hand, the transmission probability of close to one has occurred in lower landing energies by increasing the obstacle number. As well, it has been understood the transmission probability of close to one by enhancing the barrier number can happen in barriers with a smaller width. According to the results, phosphorene can be used in the novel advances of two dimensional semiconductor devices in electronic applications.
Anti-Migraine Activity of Freeze Dried-Latex Obtained From Calotropis Gigantea Linn.
Authors: Bhatia Saurabh , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Kumar Arun , Behl Tapan , Sehghal Aayush , Singh Sukbir , Sharma Neelam , Anwer Khalid , Kaushik Deepak , Mittal Vineet , Chigurupati Sridevi , Sharma Pritam Babu , Aleya Lotfi , Vargas-de-la-Cruz Celia , Kabir Md. Tanvir 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Migraine which is characterized by a pulsating headache affected an estimated population of 12% worldwide. Herbal products like latex derived from Calotropis gigantea R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) are a representative intervention to treat migraine traditionally. However, post harvesting stability issues of latex affects its biological potential. Freeze drying has been successfully employed for the encapsulation of herbal bioactive compounds resulting in stable dried preparations. Latex derived from Calotropis gigantea (C. gigantea) was microencapsulated using chitosan by freeze-drying (FDCG) method and compared with sun rays dried latex (ADCG). Current investigation was aimed to improve the shelf life of latex by freeze drying microencapsulation technique and evaluation of its antimigraine potential. Dried latex powders (ADCG and FDCG) were evaluated in terms of phenolic content, coloring strength, first-order kinetic, color parameters (L*, a*, b*, C* and E*), moisture, water activity, solubility and hygroscopicity. Additionally, apomorphine -induced climbing behavior, l-5-HTP induced syndrome and MK 801 induced hyperactivity were used to evaluate the antimigraine potential of powdered latex. FDCG showed good physico-chemical properties due to its higher concentration of phenolic and flavonoid content. Moreover, FDCG significantly reduced the apomorphine -induced climbing behavior, l-5-HTP -induced syndrome and MK 801 -induced hyperactivity in a dose dependent manner through dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors interaction. In conclusion, method developed for shelf-life improvement of latex offered maximum protection over a period of 10 weeks with retaining its natural biological potential, thus it can be eﬀectively utilized in the treatment or management of migraine.
Phytoremediation with Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L.) for Cadmium-Contaminated Paddy Soil in Southern China: Translocation, Uptake and Assessment of Cultivars
Authors: Guo Yuan , Xiao Qingmei , Zhao Xinlin , Wu Zhimin , Dai Zhigang , Zhang Minji , Qiu Caisheng , Long Songhua , Wang Yufu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is suitable for growing in heavy metal-polluted soil for non-food purposes, and can be used as a potential crop to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil. The main objective of this study was to investigate kenaf phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd), including uptake, translocation, and accumulation differences in tissues among kenaf cultivars. A field experiment was conducted in a Cd contaminated paddy field in southern China area with 13 kenaf cultivars in 2015 and 2016. Agronomic performance, Cd concentrations in plant tissues (root, xylem, and phloem), and biomass of different tissues of each cultivar were measured and evaluated. Significant differences in Cd concentrations and accumulation among tissues and cultivars were observed. The phloem had the highest Cd accumulation and transfer capability compare with the roots and xylem. Approximately 35 ~ 65g of Cd could be taken up by the aerial parts of different kenaf cultivars within every hectare of soil. The percentage of Cd uptake by the phloem ranged from 47–61% and by the xylem ranged from 38–53%. By evaluating the agronomic traits and Cd bioaccumulation capacity, Fuhong 952, Fuhong 992, and Fuhong R1 were regarded as Cd accumulators for the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil. Our study clearly demonstrated that a significant level of Cd in the soil was taken up through the phytoremediation with kenaf. In addition, harmless utilization of kenaf planting in Cd-contaminated paddy soil was discussed.
Programmably switching the NIR upconversion for orthogonal activation of photoacoustic imaging and on-demand phototherapy
Authors: Yang Yang , Huang Jinshu , Wei Wei , Zeng Qin , Li Xipeng , Xing Da , Zhou Bo , Zhang Tao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) based phototheranostics offer significant expectations for the personalized cancer medicine via integrating both modalities of imaging diagnostics and phototherapeutics. However, programmably controlling the photoactivation of imaging and therapy towards the accurate diagnosis with minimum side effects for on-demand therapy has remained challenging due to the lack of ideal switchable UCNPs agents. Herein, we demonstrate a facile strategy to simply switch the near infrared emission at 800 nm from rationally designed UCNPs by modulating the irradiation laser into pulse output. Through synthesis of the theranostic UCNPs-DI agent combining with a photosensitizer and a photoabsorbing agent assembled on the UCNPs, the orthogonal activation of in vivo photoacoustic imaging and photodynamic therapy was further achieved by simply altering the excitation modes from pulse to continuous-wave output upon a single 980-nm laser. Importantly, no obvious harmful effects during photoexcitation caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) photooxidation and photohyperthermia were generated under imaging modality, which facilitates the long-term and real-time imaging-guidance for the subsequent phototherapy. This work provides a new facile approach for the orthogonal activation of imaging diagnostics and photodynamic therapeutics towards the target cancers.