bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disequilibrium Chemistry in Exoplanet Atmospheres Observed with the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Roudier Gael M. , Swain Mark R. , Gudipati Murthy S. , West Robert A. , Estrela Raissa , Zellem Robert T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Literature on the theory of exoplanet atmospheric disequilibrium chemistry is rich, although its observational counterpart has yet to emerge beyond the hints provided by a few targets in dedicated studies. We report results from an uniform data reduction and analysis for a catalog of 62 Hubble Space Telescope exoplanet transit spectra where we assess the atmospheric model preference for disequilibrium chemistry (i.e., water vapor is not the dominant absorption spectral signature) over thermal equilibrium chemistry in a comparative planetology context. Where model preference assessment is possible, we find that disequilibrium occurs in about half of the atmospheres, indicating that disequilibrium processes play an important role in the composition of exoplanet atmospheres. While very hot atmospheres, over 1800 K, prefer equilibrium chemistry, we find a clustering of preference for disequilibrium in the 1200–1800 K temperature range. We suggest that UV-augmented thermochemistry may play a significant role for those atmospheres.
Spectroscopic Confirmation of Two Extremely Massive Protoclusters, BOSS1244 and BOSS1542, at z = 2.24
Authors: Shi Dong Dong , Cai Zheng , Fan Xiaohui , Zheng Xian Zhong , Huang Yun-Hsin , Xu Jiachuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present spectroscopic confirmation of two new massive galaxy protoclusters at z = 2.24 ± 0.02, BOSS1244 and BOSS1542, traced by groups of Coherently Strong Lyα Absorption (CoSLA) systems imprinted in the absorption spectra of a number of quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS III) and identified as overdensities of narrowband-selected Hα emitters (HAEs). Using Multiple Mirror Telescope/Magellan Infrared Spectrograph and Large Binocular Telescope/LUCI near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, we confirm 46 and 36 HAEs in the BOSS1244 (∼55 arcmin2) and BOSS1542 (∼61 arcmin2) fields, respectively. BOSS1244 displays a southwest (SW) component at z = 2.230 ± 0.002 and another northeast (NE) component at z = 2.246 ± 0.001 with the line-of-sight velocity dispersions of 405 ± 202 km s−1 and 377 ± 99 km s−1, respectively. Interestingly, we find that the SW region of BOSS1244 contains two substructures in redshift space, likely merging to form a larger system. In contrast, BOSS1542 exhibits an extended filamentary structure with a low-velocity dispersion of 247 ± 32 km s−1 at z = 2.241 ± 0.001, providing a direct confirmation of a large-scale cosmic web in the early universe. The galaxy overdensities δ
g on the scale of 15 cMpc are 22.9 ± 4.9, 10.9 ± 2.5, and 20.5 ± 3.9 for the BOSS1244 SW, BOSS1244 NE, and BOSS1542 filament, respectively. They are the most overdense galaxy protoclusters (δ
g > 20) discovered to date at z > 2. These systems are expected to become virialized at z ∼ 0 with a total mass of M
SW = (1.59 ± 0.20) × 1015
M
⊙, M
NE = (0.83 ± 0.11) × 1015
M
⊙ and M
filament = (1.42 ± 0.18) × 1015
M
⊙, respectively. Our results suggest that the dense substructures of BOSS1244 and BOSS1542 will eventually evolve into the Coma-type galaxy clusters or even larger. Together with BOSS1441 described in Cai et al., these extremely massive overdensities at z = 2–3 exhibit different morphologies, indicating that they are in different assembly stages in the formation of early galaxy clusters. Furthermore, there are two quasar pairs in BOSS1441 and one quasar pair in BOSS1244 and BOSS1542; CoSLAs detected in these quasar pairs can be used to trace the extremely massive large-scale structures of the universe.
Magnetically Arrested Disks in Quiescent Black Hole Binaries: Formation Scenario, Observable Signatures, and Potential PeVatrons
Authors: Kimura Shigeo S. , Sudoh Takahiro , Kashiyama Kazumi , Kawanaka Norita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We propose magnetically arrested disks (MADs) in quiescent (low-luminosity) black hole (BH) binaries as the origin of multiwavelength emission, and argue that this class of sources can dominate the cosmic-ray spectrum around the knee. X-ray luminosities of Galactic BH binaries in the quiescent state are far below the Eddington luminosity, and thus radiatively inefficient accretion flows (RIAFs) are formed in the inner region. Strong thermal and turbulent pressures in RIAFs produce outflows, which can create large-scale poloidal magnetic fields. These fields are carried to the vicinity of the BH by the rapid inflow motion, forming a MAD. Inside the MAD, nonthermal protons and electrons are naturally accelerated by magnetic reconnections or stochastic acceleration by turbulence. Both thermal and nonthermal electrons emit broadband photons via synchrotron emission, which are broadly consistent with the optical and X-ray data of the quiescent BH X-ray binaries. Moreover, protons are accelerated up to PeV energies and diffusively escape from these MADs, which can account for the cosmic-ray intensity around the knee energy.
Constraining the Primordial Lithium Abundance: New Cross Section Measurement of the 7Be + n Reactions Updates the Total 7Be Destruction Rate
Authors: Hayakawa S. , La Cognata M. , Lamia L. , Yamaguchi H. , Kahl D. , Abe K. , Shimizu H. , Yang L. , Beliuskina O. , Cha S. M. , Chae K. Y. , Cherubini S. , Figuera P. , Ge Z. , Gulino M. , Hu J. , Inoue A. , Iwasa N. , Kim A. , Kim D. , Kiss G. , Kubono S. , La Commara M. , Lattuada M. , Lee E. J. , Moon J. Y. , Palmerini S. , Parascandolo C. , Park S. Y. , Phong V. H. , Pierroutsakou D. , Pizzone R. G. , Rapisarda G. G. , Romano S. , Spitaleri C. , Tang X. D. , Trippella O. , Tumino A. , Zhang N. T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The cosmological lithium problem (CLP) stems from the outstanding discrepancy between theoretical predictions and astronomical observations of primordial lithium abundances. For the radiogenic production of 7Li, 7Be plays a pivotal role in the Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). Nevertheless, the data for neutron-induced 7Be destruction processes were still sparse, and especially lacked information on the contributions of transitions to the 7Li excited states. In this work, we have determined the 7Be

(
n
,

p

0

)

7

Li, 7Be

(
n
,

p

1

)

7

Li*, and 7Be

(
n
,
α
)

4

He reaction cross sections by means of the Trojan Horse method. The present and the previous data were analyzed together by a multichannel R-matrix fit, providing an improved uncertainty evaluation of the

(
n
,

p

0

)

channel and the first-ever quantification of the

(
n
,

p

1

)

contribution in the BBN-relevant energy range. We implemented the revised total reaction rate summing both the

(
n
,

p

0

)

and

(
n
,

p

1

)

contributions in a state-of-the-art BBN code PRIMAT. As a consequence, the present nuclear-physics data offers a reduction of the predicted 7Li abundance by about one-tenth, which would impose a stricter constraint on BBN and head us in the correct direction to the CLP solution.
The OTELO Survey: The Star Formation Rate Evolution of Low-mass Galaxies
Authors: Cedrés Bernabé , Pérez-García Ana María , Pérez-Martínez Ricardo , Cerviño Miguel , Gallego Jesús , Bongiovanni Ángel , Cepa Jordi , Navarro Martínez Rocío , Nadolny Jakub , Lara-López Maritza A. , Sánchez-Portal Miguel , Alfaro Emilio J. , de Diego José A. , González-Otero Mauro , Jesús González J. , Ignacio González-Serrano J. , Padilla Torres Carmen P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present the analysis of a sample of Hα, Hβ, and [O ii] emission line galaxies from the OTELO survey, with masses typically below

log
(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)
∼
9.4

and redshifts between z ∼ 0.4 and 1.43. We study the star formation rate, star formation rate density, and their number density and evolution with redshift. We obtain a robust estimate of the specific star formation rate—stellar mass relation based on the lowest-mass sample published so far. We also determine a flat trend of the star formation rate density (SFRD) and number density with redshift. Our results suggest a scenario of no evolution of the number density of galaxies, regardless of their masses, up to redshift z ∼ 1.4. This implies a gradual change of the relative importance of the star-forming processes, from high-mass galaxies to low-mass galaxies, with decreasing redshift. We also find little or no variation of the SFRD in the redshift range of 0.4 < z < 1.43.
Looking for Astrometric Signals below 20 m s−1: A Jupiter-mass Planet Signature in ε Eri
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. , Zacharias Norbert , Finch Charles T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The USNO ground-based astrometric program URAT-Bright in combination with the Hipparcos mission epoch astrometry provides precise proper motions of a thousand bright stars in the southern hemisphere on a time basis of about 25 yr. Small but statistically significant differences between these proper motions and Gaia EDR3 data can reveal long-period exoplanets similar to Jupiter in the nearest star systems. The presence of such a planet orbiting the magnetically active dwarf ε Eri is confirmed from both URAT-Hipparcos-EDR3 data and Hipparcos-EDR3 data with a corresponding projected velocity of (+5, +8) and (+6, +13) m s−1, respectively. These signals are formally significant at a 0.989 and 1.0 confidence. We conclude that the newest astrometric results confirm the existence of a long-period exoplanet orbiting ε Eri, which was marginally detected from precision radial velocity measurements some 20 yr ago.
Digital creativity to transform learning: Empowerment from a com-educational approach
Authors: Sánchez-López Iván , Bonilla-del-Río Mónica , Soares Ismar Oliveira 
Published: July 2021

Daily media use by an entire generation shows the distance that exists between the reality experienced by young people and the institutions responsible for their education. Formal education is still closely linked to the passive role of literary receivers, ignoring the potential of connected communication for student empowerment. At the same time, there is a growing interest in education from the professional media field. We have called this line of force the com-educational vector. In this study, we aim to describe the potential of a com-educational perspective to favor the empowerment of young people. The implemented methodology combines a chained articulation involving the analysis of multimodal discourse of com-educational platforms with interviews with privileged observers. The results show that the implementation of digital creation can be used for the construction of identity, interaction and socialization of students through emotion, empathy and the capacity for transformation. It enables the establishment of nodes between concepts, relational understanding, meaningful reconstruction and appropriation. It is concluded that, under this proposal, formal education institutions could move from a reactive model to a prospective model, revising the codes of emission and reception, and proposing meanings from creative action and feedback with the community.Los usos mediáticos cotidianos de toda una generación evidencian la distancia que existe entre la realidad que vive la juventud y las instituciones responsables de su formación. La educación formal sigue estrechamente vinculada al rol pasivo de los receptores literarios, obviándose el potencial de la comunicación conectada y la narrativa digital para el empoderamiento del alumnado. Al mismo tiempo, se está produciendo un interés creciente desde el ámbito mediático profesional por la educación. A esta línea de fuerza la hemos denominado vector com-educativo. En esta investigación, tenemos como objetivo describir potencialidades para favorecer el empoderamiento de los jóvenes desde una perspectiva com-educativa. La metodología implementada combina, en una articulación encadenada, el análisis del discurso multimodal de plataformas de carácter com-educativo con entrevistas a observadores privilegiados. En los resultados se explicita que la implementación de la creación digital se puede emplear para la construcción de la identidad, la interacción y la sociabilización del alumnado a través de la emoción, la empatía y la capacidad de transformación. Permite establecer nodos entre conceptos, la comprensión relacional, la reconstrucción significativa y su apropiación. Se concluye que, bajo esta propuesta, las instituciones de educación formal podrían transitar de un modelo reactivo a un modelo prospectivo, revisando los códigos de emisión y recepción, y proponiendo significados desde la acción creativa y la retroalimentación con la comunidad.
Canton, deuxième agglomération urbaine du monde : un laboratoire pour l’humanité de demain ?
Authors: Moriconi-Ebrard François 
Published: July 2021

La publication des premiers résultats du recensement de la population de la Chine a révélé une poursuite de la concentration dans les deux plus agglomérations urbaines les plus peuplées de la Planète : Shanghai atteint 95 millions d’habitants et Canton les 70 millions. L’article s’intéresse principalement à cette dernière, dont la forme urbaine polycentrique de « conurbation » évoque le modèle de la Megalopolis nord-est américaine identifié par Jean Gottmann en 1963, qui préfigurait selon lui le futur urbain de l’humanité, mais dont la densité démographique est beaucoup plus faible que son homologue chinoise. Réinterrogeant les grands modèles classiques de développement urbain, l’article pose la question de l’exportabilité du mode de développement chinois dans le reste du monde.
Observer les pratiques enseignantes : la psychologie historico-culturelle, un cadre pour caractériser les dimensions visibles et invisibles du travail enseignant
Authors: Piot Thierry 
Published: July 2021

Pour comprendre de manière précise le travail réel des enseignants, il est nécessaire d’observer les enseignants, notamment dans la classe. Pour cela, le chercheur mobilise une démarche et des outils méthodologiques qui sont en lien avec le cadre théorique à partir duquel il conduit ses recherches. Depuis plus de cinquante ans, différents cadres théoriques, auxquels ont été associées des méthodologies d’observation du travail des enseignants, se sont succédé. Pour notre part, nous menons nos recherches à partir du cadre théorique de la psychologie historico-culturelle, dont un des intérêts est de prendre en compte deux dimensions distinctes et complémentaires de ce travail : la dimension visible et la dimension invisible, qui relève principalement de l’activité cognitive de l’enseignant. Sur le plan méthodologique, l’activité visible fait l’objet d’enregistrements vidéo-numériques et l’activité invisible est inférée d’entretiens d’explicitation réalisés auprès des enseignants confrontés à ces enregistrements. L’ensemble des données permet de mieux accéder à la complexité du travail enseignant qui articule des éléments invariants et des éléments liés au contexte et à la dynamique des interactions entre élèves et enseignants.
L’approche métamorphique de l’éducation : l’éducation comme souci de soi
Authors: Gambou Alfred Romuald 
Published: July 2021

L’antique tradition gréco-romaine a ontologiquement pensé la question de la formation de l’homme dans la relation sujet-vérité, ce qui fait d’ailleurs l’une des principales caractéristiques de son paradigme éducatif. En effet, si l’interprétation de cette relation a eu pour cadre constitutif, la compréhension de la notion du « souci de soi », elle a par ailleurs structuré les orientations de différentes écoles philosophiques, notamment celles issues de Socrate et de Zénon de Citium, tout en conférant à chacune sa vision dans son schème interprétatif. Le problème est que la Modernité n’a pas hésité à rompre avec cette structure ontologique, ce qui faisait sa « spiritualité ». Ainsi actée, la fissure de cette relation sujet-vérité n’a pas manqué de conséquences dans la perspective de la formation de l’homme moderne. C’est ce que tente de scruter cette recherche en essayant de comprendre le fonctionnement des schèmes de chacune des écoles ici mentionnées et leurs ramifications dans l’histoire, et ainsi, questionner l’actualité de notre contemporanéité en matière d’éducation, de formation de soi et d’éthique professionnelle enseignante.
July Effect on Mortality and Complications in Patients With ARDS in US Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Olanipekun Titilope , Chris-Olaiya Abimbola , Esperti Shawn , Nambudiri Vinod , Duff Richard , Westney Gloria 
Published: July 2021

Background
Each July, teaching hospitals in the United States experience an influx of new resident and fellow physicians. It has been theorized that this occurrence may be associated with increased patient mortality, complication rates, and health care resource use, a phenomenon known as the “July effect.”

Objective
To assess the existence of a July effect in clinical outcomes of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit in US teaching hospitals.

Methods
The National Inpatient Sample database was queried for all adult patients with ARDS who received mechanical ventilation from 2012 to 2014. Using a multivariate difference-in-differences (DID) model, differences in mortality, ventilator-associated pneumonia, iatrogenic pneumothorax, central catheter–associated bloodstream infection, and Clostridium difficile infection were compared between teaching and nonteaching hospitals during April-May and July-August.

Results
There were 70 535 and 43 175 hospitalizations meeting study criteria in teaching and nonteaching hospitals, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed no differential effect on the rates of all-cause inpatient mortality (DID, 0.66; 95% CI, −0.42 to 1.75), C difficile infection (DID, 0.29; 95% CI, −0.19 to 0.78), central catheter–associated bloodstream infection (DID, 0.14; 95% CI, −0.04 to 0.33), iatrogenic pneumothorax (DID, 0.00; 95% CI, −0.25 to 0.24), ventilator-associated pneumonia (DID, 0.22; 95% CI, −0.05 to 0.49), and any complication (DID, 0.60; 95% CI, −0.01 to 1.20) for July-August versus April-May in teaching hospitals compared with nonteaching hospitals.

Conclusion
This study did not show a differential July effect on mortality outcomes and complication rates in ARDS patients receiving mechanical ventilation in teaching hospitals compared with nonteaching hospitals.
Meta-analysis of ICU Delirium Biomarkers and Their Alignment With the NIA-AA Research Framework
Authors: Chan Carol K. , Song Yiqing , Greene Ryan , Lindroth Heidi , Khan Sikandar , Rios Gabriel , Khan Babar , Wang Sophia 
Published: July 2021

Background
Between 30% and 80% of survivors of critical illness experience cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.

Objective
To determine whether intensive care unit (ICU) delirium biomarkers align with the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) research framework for diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer disease and other related dementias (ADRD).

Methods
Ovid MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for articles published between January 1, 2000, and February 20, 2020, on the relationship between delirium and biomarkers listed in the NIA-AA framework. Only studies that addressed delirium in the ICU setting and fluid biomarkers were included in these analyses.

Results
Of 61 256 records screened, 38 studies met inclusion criteria, 8 of which were suitable for meta-analysis. In pooled analysis, significant associations were found between ICU delirium and amyloid β-peptide 1-40 (standard mean difference [SMD], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.09-0.75), interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (SMD, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.21-0.94), and IL-6 (SMD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.06-0.56). No significant association was observed in pooled analyses between ICU delirium and the other biomarkers. Few studies have examined ICU delirium and pathologic tau or neurodegeneration biomarkers.

Conclusions
Inflammatory biomarkers and amyloid β are associated with ICU delirium and point to potential overlapping mechanisms between delirium and ADRD. Critical care providers should consider integrating diagnostic approaches used in ADRD in their assessment of post–ICU cognitive dysfunction.
Effect of fermentation media and time on physicochemical and sensory properties of soybean powders
Authors: Ugwuona F.U. , Obeta N.A. , Asogwa I.S. , Sabo T.R. 
Published: July 2021

Fermentation improves quality of food, and is exploited in processing soymilk powder. Unfortunately, there is no unified fermentation procedure for producing powdered soymilk in Nigeria. A fermentation condition to produce high nutritional and most acceptable powdered soymilk is ideal for Nigerians. This study evaluated the effect fermentation media and time on physicochemical and sensory properties of powdered soymilk. Seven batches (600 g each) of soybean seeds were fermented, the first three in neutral water, sample A for 4 h, B for 16 h in the same water, and C for 16 h but changing the water every 4 h. The next two were fermented in alkaline solution for 16 h, D in the same water, and E with changing the water every 4 h. The last two were fermented for 16 h in acidic solution, Fin the same solution and G with changing the water every 4 h. The beans were processed into cooked soy flour and analyzed for physicochemical and sensory properties. Fermentation enhanced better quality than soaking; fermentation time and medium pH significantly (p < 0.05) induced variations in quality of the powder. Soaking produced soy powder with highest carbohydrate (44.47 %) and fibre (1.355%) but significantly (p < 0.05) low in protein, minerals and crude fat. Continuous 16-h fermentation in the same medium produced soy powders with lowestphytochemical contents. Soaked (4 h) soybean in neutral water (A) produced powder with 39.50% protein, 44.47% carbohydrates, 1.35% fibre, 5.58% fat and 2.75% ash while continuous fermentation for 16 h in the same water produced powder (B) with 42.47% protein, 41.71% carbohydrate, 1.22% fibre, 5.81% fat and 2.42% ash. Continuous 16-h fermentation was better than changing the medium; and neutral medium was better than acidic and alkaline medium. All the soy powder high sensory scores (≥ 5) and were acceptable to the panelists. Thus, 16-h continuous fermentation in neutral medium was more cost effective and produced soybean powder of better quality than fermenting in alkaline and acidic media.
Key words: fermentation time, quality, soaking media, soybean powders
Consumption behaviour analyses of cassava products among rural household in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Okoye F.U. , Okoye A.C. , Umeh S.I. 
Published: July 2021

This study provides empirical evidence on consumption behavior of cassava products among households in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to collect data from 120 households using structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ordered Probit and Spearman correlation models. The study finds garri, fufu (pounded cassava) and tapioca as the three major cassava products consumed while rice, yam and beans as three the major substitute of garri by the households in the area. The households preferred garri over other cassava products as the factors of household choice, nutritional value and availability. The coefficient for age was negative while coefficients of cost of cassava products, marital status and household size were positively related to choice of cassava products consumed in the study area. The study therefore recommended for policies that will effectively promote cassava product consumption should emphasize on the adult population and household size.
Key words: Choice, decision, garri, ordered Probit