bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of colorectal tumors: Differences between Japan and the West and future prospects
Authors: Saito Yutaka , Ono Akiko , García Victoria Alejandra Jiménez , Mizuguchi Yasuhiko , Hisada Izumi , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Yamada Masayoshi , Sekiguchi Masau , Makiguchi Mai , Sekine Shigeki , Abe Seiichiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDye‐based chromoendoscopy has long been used routinely for endoscopic diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors including colorectal tumors in Japan. In the West, on the other hand, dye‐based chromoendoscopy was not so commonly used. However, with the development of narrow band imaging (NBI), image‐enhanced endoscopy diagnosis has rapidly increased in the West.The most critical difference between Japan and the West is the histopathological evaluation of the lesions, which determines a major cause of differences in diagnostic and treatment strategies. In the West, intramucosal adenocarcinoma is not diagnosed until the cancer has invaded submucosal layer. In Japan, on the other hand, cancer is mainly diagnosed based on nuclear and structural atypia, and thus intramucosal adenocarcinoma is diagnosed in lesions that correspond to high‐grade adenoma in the West.In the West, since intramucosal carcinoma is not diagnosed by pathology, all benign adenomas are treated by piecemeal endoscopic resection, and only cancer invading the superficial submucosal layer is indicated for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Because of the risk of lymph node metastasis in the deep submucosal invasion, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines state that only superficial submucosal cancer is an indication for ESD. Unfortunately, it is impossible to selectively extract only superficial submucosal invasive cancer even with the use of magnified NBI and pit pattern observation. Therefore, we think that pathologists need to diagnose intramucosal adenocarcinoma with the potential to invade the submucosal layer based on the nuclear and structural atypia. Consequently, intramucosal adenocarcinoma and superficial submucosal cancers should be considered for en‐bloc ESD.
Development of a microplate duplex immunoassay to simplify detection of growth hormone doping: Proof of concept
Authors: Marchand Alexandre , Roy Daisy , Monsheimer Sarah A. , Lewis Jennifer , Ericsson Magnus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) prohibits athletes from using recombinant growth hormone (GH). The validated method used in antidoping laboratories for the direct detection of exogenous GH in serum requires two immunoluminometric assays (ILMAs): The first mainly measures the concentration of the full‐length (22 kDa) form of GH (recGH), and the second measures concentrations of multiple GH fragments produced by the pituitary gland (22 kDa, 20 kDa and other forms) (pitGH). The tube‐by‐tube analysis is laborious. A recent development opened new possibilities to simplify the detection of recGH in serum: multiplexed immunoassays that detect multiple targets in a single well of a 96‐well plate using an ELISA‐like procedure with high sensitivity.Our aim was to evaluate this technology by developing a customized assay for GH detection. One pair of antibodies with specificities similar to those of the recGH assay and one pair of antibodies compatible with pitGH detection were selected for a single duplex assay. Forty‐eight serum samples (negative athlete samples and positive samples following GH administration) were analyzed using the two methods. The microplate duplex assay discriminated between the negative athlete samples and the positive controls, although the rec/pit ratios from the duplex assay were lower than those obtained with the ILMAs. This new assay would offer a modern alternative to ILMAs, with fewer analytical steps and a smaller sample volume. However, an adaptation of the decision limits seems mandatory.
Loss of intermediate‐flow states only evident when considering sub‐daily flow metrics in a major tributary of the Limpopo basin
Authors: Ramulifho Pfananani A. , Rivers‐Moore Nick A. , Foord Stefan H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs the impacts of the anthropocene intensifies, there is an increasing need to understand how these changes affect both daily and sub‐daily stream flow variability, timing and flow quantities, as these are some of the most influential drivers of spatial and temporal dynamics of stream biota. In this paper, long‐term changes in flow patterns of a strategic water source area (Luvuvhu catchment) in an arid region of southern Africa were quantified, focusing on the relation between daily and sub‐daily flow and its potential impact on fish biota of the catchment. Long‐term temporal trends in stream flow were modelled using generalized least squares (GLS), while sub‐daily and daily mean flow of the same stations were compared using a suite of metrics. Periods of similar stream flow patterns were identified using K‐means cluster analysis. A spreadsheet rule‐based model was developed linking fish communities to streamflow patterns, providing a predictive framework for fish assemblage responses to stream flow classes. Long‐term reduction in flow in the Luvuvhu catchment has a strong seasonal component, with significant decreases during the wet season, not linked to long‐term rainfall patterns. The flow regime of the Luvuvhu river system has become more variable over time. Several sub‐daily flow metrics were positively related to daily flow metrics. Oscillating flow conditions and the loss of intermediate‐flow states may permanently exclude certain fish flow guilds. However, temporal partitioning is only evident when sub‐daily metrics are considered, highlighting their importance for assessing ecological resilience.
Modeling persistence of coarse woody debris residuals in boreal forests as an ecological property
Authors: Menichetti Lorenzo , Mäkinen Harri , Stendahl Johan , Ågren Göran I. , Hyvönen Riitta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is a trade‐off between leaving coarse woody debris (CWD) in the stand, providing desirable ecosystem services, and harvesting it. To consider this trade‐off, forest management needs to model describing the decomposition of CWD. When a trunk is lying on the ground, it can be attacked by microorganisms faster than when it is still standing. Current decomposition models fail to account for these local differences in processes, which may give rise to errors in the estimation of stand C balance. We extended the Q decomposition model to represent the influences of tree species and the local position of the wood. We utilized data from two studies on long‐term deadwood decomposition in forests. We first calibrated the model on the whole dataset, and then divided the data into different CWD decomposition classes, and then allowed some of the parameters to vary between different CWD decomposition classes. The calibrations were performed within a Bayesian framework, which allowed for a statistically sound comparison of the calibration results. The difference between the remaining C mass predicted by the two versions of the model, one considering one single calibration for all decomposition classes and one specific to decomposition classes, depended on the CWD class but was in general substantial. Some classes, when modeled with a specific parameterization, resulted in C stocks after 50 yr 1–5 times less than that predicted by the single parameterization model. Logs decayed faster than snags, and birch wood much faster than pine and spruce wood, with little difference between the two conifers. Russian spruce wood decomposed somewhat faster than Finnish spruce wood. Incorporating our calibration, describing specifically the processes driving the wood decay locally, into a C balance model of forests may change model estimates substantially.
A novel sampling approach to estimating abundance of low‐density and observable species
Authors: McDevitt Molly C. , Cassirer E. Frances , Roberts Shane B. , Lukacs Paul M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInformative species abundance estimates are critical for guiding decisions around the conservation and management of ecological systems. There exist many methods for estimating abundance of frequently encountered species and populations with uniquely identifiable individuals. However, for wildlife populations with unmarked individuals that occur at low densities, there exist a variety of behaviors and characteristics that make effectively surveying and sampling challenging or uninformative. Examples of challenging characteristics include the elusive behaviors of low‐density species that occur in complex and rugged terrain. Such characteristics make detection difficult and surveys expensive, dangerous, and potentially biased. To address these challenges, we used a common, non‐invasive field survey method combined with a probability‐based study design and frequently utilized statistical model to estimate abundance of an unmarked mountain goat population in eastern Idaho. We developed a novel data analysis approach using an N‐mixture model that, together with spatially balanced random sampling and a double‐observer field data collection method, directly solves the problem of approximating statistical assumptions, including population closure. We demonstrate that a probability‐based sampling design not only is feasible, but also is important for estimating population parameters for unmarked and low‐density species. With this approach, we present a procedure that offers unbiased abundance estimates, empowering managers to track low‐density species’ population trends across time.
Enrichment of the rebaudioside A concentration in Stevia rebaudiana extract with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13
Authors: Czinkóczky Réka , Németh Áron 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStevia rebaudiana is a sweet herbaceous perennial plant, which is frequently used in the preparation of plant‐based sweeteners. The demand for such sweeteners continues to increase due to purposeful nutrition and modern‐day metabolic syndromes. More than 20 types of steviol glycosides provide a sweet taste, which are more than 300 times sweeter than sucrose. They are formed of two main components, namely stevioside and rebaudioside A. Only a handful of studies have dealt with Stevia rebaudiana leaf extracts, the conversion of pure stevioside into the preferred rebaudioside A is more common. The aim of this study was to enrich the rebaudioside A content of Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract using enzymatic bioconversion by applying fermented cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus licheniformis DSM13. Two differently processed plant materials, namely dried and lyophilized Stevia rebaudiana plants, were extracted and compared. Following the bioconversion, the rebaudioside A content was on average doubled. The maximum increase was fivefold with a 70–80% conversion of the stevioside.
Connectivity costs and price efficiency: An event study
Authors: Frino Alex , Kovacevic Ognjen , Mollica Vito , Webb Robert I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of changes in the speed and pricing of direct market access on market efficiency, as measured by the frequency, duration, and profitability of arbitrage strategies. Two natural experiments on the Eurex exchange are identified: an exchange‐wide improvement in technology reducing message latency, and a reduction in the direct exchange access fee. We analyze their impact on the trading of Euro Stoxx 50 Index futures and the Xtrackers Euro Stoxx 50 Ucits ETF. A decrease in the frequency and duration of arbitrages following both events is observed.
Acceptance and perception of digital health for managing nutrition in people with Parkinson's disease and their caregivers and their digital competence in the United States: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: LoBuono Dara L. , Shea Kyla S. , Tovar Alison , Leedahl Skye N. , Mahler Leslie , Xu Furong , Lofgren Ingrid E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsThis mixed‐methods study examined participants' acceptance and perception of using digital health for managing nutrition and participants' digital competence. The results will be formative for making digital nutrition education more effective and acceptable for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) and their informal caregivers.MethodsQualitative data were collected through in‐person semi‐structured, dyadic interviews, and questionnaires from 20 dyads (20 PwPD and their caregivers) in the Northeastern United States and analyzed throughout the 2018 to 2019 academic year. Interview transcripts were deductively coded using the framework analysis method. Phrases related to acceptance of digital health were sub‐coded into accept, neutral, or reject and those related to perceptions of digital health were sub‐coded into perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and awareness of digital health. Quantitative data were analyzed using independent samples t tests and Fisher's exact tests. Qualitative codes were transformed into variables and compared to digital competence scores to integrate the data. An average acceptance rate for digital health was calculated through examining the mean percent of phrases coded as accept from interview transcripts.ResultsTwenty‐five of 40 (62.5%) participants used the internet for at least 5 health‐related purposes and the average acceptance rate was 54.4%. Dyads rejected digital health devices if they did not see the added benefit. The majority of participants reported digital health to be useful, but hard to use, and about half felt they needed education about existing digital health platforms. There was no difference in digital competence scores between PwPD and their caregivers (28.6 ± 12.6).ConclusionFindings suggest that dyads accept and use technology but not to its full potential as technology can be perceived as hard to use. This finding, combined with digital competence scores, revealed that education is warranted prior to providing a digital nutrition intervention.
Addressing challenges of providing remote inpatient clinical pharmacy services
Authors: Bondi Deborah S. , Alavandi Prasannaraddi , Allen John M. , Avery Lisa M. , Buatois Emily , Connor Kathryn A. , Martello Jay L. , Michienzi Sarah M. , Trujillo Toby C. , Ybarra Joseph , Chung Allison M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTelehealth and virtual/remote inpatient clinical pharmacy services have evolved exponentially over the past year, which has underscored unique barriers and limitations. This ACCP commentary identifies challenges to providing remote inpatient clinical pharmacy services and outlines guidance on overcoming them. The main challenges discussed are broadly categorized as legal/regulatory, administrative, technology and equipment, clinical service and provider, patient/caregiver, and equity. Nevertheless, opportunities to provide equitable patient care through remote inpatient clinical pharmacy services are numerous and will likely be sustained past the pandemic. Thus, future implications and opportunities are also envisioned.
Molecular genotyping of G6PD mutations for neonates in Ningbo area
Authors: Pan Jiewen , Zhuang Danyan , Yu Qi , Pan Xiaoli , Bao Youwei , Pan Shuqing , Wang Fei , Ge Lisha , Li Haibo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the cut‐off value of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and the mutation spectrum of G6PD gene in neonates with G6PD deficiency at Ningbo. Around 82233 neonatal blood samples were measured to determine G6PD activity. The positive samples were further detected with gene analysis. A total of 445 neonates were confirmed as G6PD deficiency, and the incidence in Ningbo was 1/185. 17 types of G6PD gene mutations were found, including 11 single‐site mutations and 6 double‐site mutations. Considering the significant differences in G6PD activity, the cut‐off value was detected to be 2.35 and 3.65 U/gHb for males and females, respectively. Significant differences in G6PD activities were noted and found to be varied from 4.61 to 6.02 U/gHb in different seasons (p < 0.0001). G6PD deficiency screening is a significant detection test for neonatal G6PD deficiency prevention. Our study highlights that the screening should be done using different cut‐off values according to the sexes in different seasons.
Effect of self‐assessment in a removable prosthodontics preclinical course on skills and competence
Authors: Saadé Jean‐Michel , El‐Khatib Wassim , Chedid Nada R. , Makzoumé Joseph E. , El‐Halabi Mohammad Tarek , El‐Hage Fadi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeSelf‐assessment is increasingly implemented in medical professions’ curricula. In this research, the authors measure the effects of self‐assessment within a preclinical removable prosthodontics course among dental students in a private dental school according to the European qualifications framework descriptors.Materials and methodsThirty subjects, all fourth‐year dental students, were included in this experiment. Fifteen subjects were included in each of the experimental and control groups during one semester. The experimental group subjects used the study roadmap tool in their preclinical tasks. The control group subjects executed the same preclinical tasks under instructor supervision only. All subjects were filmed, and an autonomy score was given to every subject per session. At the end of the semester, cognitive skills development was compared using the Kember et al. questionnaire while practical skills development was compared using a comparison of grades. Two focus groups were undertaken with experimental group subjects. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected and statistically analyzed (p < 0.005).ResultsSubjects from the experimental group showed development in critical thinking, practical skills, autonomy, and taking responsibility, thus development in the competence level.ConclusionImplementation of self‐assessment within preclinical courses may develop skills and competence among dental students, yet more studies are needed.
Exploring applications of complexity theory in engineering education research: A systematic literature review
Authors: Sigahi Tiago F. A. C. , Sznelwar Laerte Idal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundComplexity theory (CT) has been used in response to the need for a different mindset than the classical engineering paradigm. The engineering education research (EER) community may benefit from the knowledge of how CT has been used in the field.PurposeAiming to provide a broad view of CT in EER, the following research questions guided the study: How has CT been applied in EER, and how does it contribute to addressing the challenges of classical engineering education? What are the different complexity engineering approaches, and how can they be integrated into the context of EER?MethodA systematic literature review was conducted. The review process was divided into three stages: planning, conducting, and reporting. Fifty‐eight journal articles and five book chapters were submitted to an iterative process of organization, categorization, analysis, and synthesis.ResultsComplexity schools of thought were integrated into EER. The research was organized into thematic categories: epistemological and ontological perspectives; complex thinking and competences; pedagogical approaches; complexity, sustainability, and transdisciplinarity interdependence; engineering axiology; and systemic transformation of engineering education. For each category, main contributions were integrated, and gaps were identified. Different meanings of complexity engineering were discussed and related to complexity schools of thought.ConclusionsDefining the type of complexity approach used is essential to advance knowledge, as there are fundamental epistemological, ontological, and methodological differences. Thematic categories help future researchers position theoretical contributions and be precise about how their findings contribute to understanding complexity applications in EER. Overcoming the limits of classical engineering requires a paradigmatic discussion, and CT proves valuable for this.
Assessing inclusion of trans people in HIV national strategic plans: a review of 60 high HIV prevalence countries
Authors: Sherwood Jennifer , Lankiewicz Elise , Castellanos Erika , O'Connor Naomhán , Theron Liesl , Restar Arjee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionTrans people are disproportionately impacted by HIV yet have not been adequately prioritized in national HIV responses or policy documents. This review aims to understand the extent of meaningful inclusion of trans people in national strategic plans (NSPs) for HIV/AIDS as an essential step in ensuring that HIV policy aligns with epidemiologic data, and trans‐specific programming is funded, implemented and sustained.MethodsHIV NSPs from 60 countries, across five global regions, were assessed for the level of inclusion of trans populations between January and March 2021. The most recently available NSP for each country, published after 2011, was obtained through publicly accessible online sources or through researcher networks. Data were manually extracted from NSPs using a framework of indicators focusing on trans inclusion in these five major sections of NSPs: (1) narratives; (2) epidemiological data; (3) monitoring and evaluation (M&E) indicators and targets; (4) activities; and (5) budgets.Results and discussionWithin all reviewed NSPs, 65.0% (39/60) mentioned trans people in at least one of the five key sections but only 8.3% (5/60) included trans people in all five key sections. Trans people were more commonly mentioned in the background/narratives of NSPs (61.7%, 37/60) but less commonly included NSP activities (38.3%, 23/60), in M&E indicators and targets (23.7%, 14/60), in epidemiological data (20.0% 12/60), and in NSP budgets (13.3%, 8/60). Countries in the Asia and Pacific region most frequently included trans people in all five key sections (38%, 5/13), while no countries in Eastern and Southern Africa included trans people in all NSP sections.ConclusionsThis analysis finds substantial gaps in the inclusion of trans populations in NSPs globally. Results highlight the pressing need for states, technical partners, and international funders to engage with trans communities to improve trans‐inclusion in all key sections of NSPs. Trans inclusion in NSPs is an essential step towards reaching the populations most at risk of HIV and ultimately achieving country‐level epidemic control.