bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histologic Analysis of Urethral Stricture in 9 Patients Following Dorsal Vaginal Graft Urethroplasty
Authors: Pathak Ram A , Geiger Xochiquetzal , Ericson Christian , Wilson Robert R A , Petrou Steven P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To present the pathologic analysis of female urethral strictures obtained during reconstructive urethroplasty.

Methods
Nine separate female urethral tissue specimens were obtained during dorsal vaginal graft urethroplasty by a single surgeon (S.P.P.). Samples were serially sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin 6 to 12 hours before routine processing in paraffin blocks. Serial 5-µm sections were subjected to H&E, Masson trichrome, and elastin staining. End point analysis included evaluation for epithelial hyperplasia and cell type, mucosal edema, degree of fibroblast/inflammatory cell infiltrate, and elastin fiber density and distribution.

Results
Nine specimens were examined. Six specimens had epithelial linings of stratified squamous epithelium overlying fibrosis (67%), 1 had mixed squamous and urothelial epithelium, and 2 had only urothelial epithelium. Two specimens (29%) showed acute injury with prominent squamous papillary hyperplasia, focal erosion, and patchy mucosal hemorrhage. Areas of urethral stricture were variably thickened, with increased, densely packed collagen fibers and associated mucosal lymphocytic inflammation ranging from mild and patchy to focally dense with lymphoid aggregates. The highest elastin fiber density appeared to be associated with vessels and overlying muscle bundles in the submucosa.

Conclusions
Further elucidation of histopathologic characteristics may illuminate more appropriate therapeutic pathways for female urethral stricture disease management.
Persistent postoperative opioid use after total hip or knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tay Hui Ping , Wang Xinyi , Narayan Sujita W , Penm Jonathan , Patanwala Asad E 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo identify the proportion of patients with continued opioid use after total hip or knee arthroplasty.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis searched Embase, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts for articles published from January 1, 2009, to May 26, 2021. The search terms (opioid, postoperative, hospital discharge, total hip or knee arthroplasty, and treatment duration) were based on 5 key concepts. We included studies of adults who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty, with at least 3 months postoperative follow-up.ResultsThere were 30 studies included. Of these, 17 reported on outcomes of total hip arthroplasty and 19 reported on outcomes of total knee arthroplasty, with some reporting on outcomes of both procedures. In patients having total hip arthroplasty, rates of postoperative opioid use at various time points were as follows: at 3 months, 20% (95% CI, 13%-26%); at 6 months, 17% (95% CI, 12%-21%); at 9 months, 19% (95% CI, 13%-24%); and at 12 months, 16% (95% CI, 15%-16%). In patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty, rates of postoperative opioid use were as follows: at 3 months, 26% (95% CI, 19%-33%); at 6 months, 20% (95% CI, 17%-24%); at 9 months, 23% (95% CI, 17%-28%); and at 12 months, 21% (95% CI, 12%-29%). Opioid naïve patients were less likely to have continued postoperative opioid use than those who were opioid tolerant preoperatively.ConclusionOver 1 in 5 patients continued opioid use for longer than 3 months after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Clinicians should be aware of this trajectory of opioid consumption after surgery.
Assessing Patient Satisfaction Following Blepharoplasty Using Social Media Reviews
Authors: Tseng Christopher C , Patel Rushi , Desai Amar D , Shah Vraj P , Talmor Guy , Paskhover Boris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBecause patient satisfaction is a significant qualitative consideration in measuring aesthetic surgery outcome, it is important to characterize the individual factors that shape the patient perspective about blepharoplasty.ObjectivesThis study analyzed reviews by blepharoplasty patients on the aesthetic surgery social media platform RealSelf.com to determine which aspects of the surgical process have the most significant impact on patient satisfaction.MethodsBlepharoplasty reviews were gathered from RealSelf.com with an automated web crawler. These reviews were characterized as positive or negative, then given a specific category that more specifically defined the theme of the review. Additional variables, including the specialty of the reviewed physician and any patient self-reported ratings, were documented.ResultsA total of 1991 reviews pertaining to blepharoplasty were collected. Among reviews with self-reported “worth it” ratings, 93.5% were positive. Following categorization of all reviews, 1865 (93.7%) were positive and 126 (6.3%) were negative. Of the positive reviews, the most common overall themes were bedside manner (n = 899, 48.2%), aesthetic result (n = 859, 46.1%), and overall comfort (n = 58, 3.1%). Among negative reviews, most pertained to aesthetic result (n = 100, 79.4%), and bedside manner (n = 14, 11.1%). The most frequently encountered physician specialties performing blepharoplasty were plastic surgery (n = 1101, 55.3%), ophthalmology (n = 634, 31.8%), and otolaryngology (n = 69, 3.5%).ConclusionsThe majority of reviews were positive. The most prominent factor driving positive reviews was bedside manner, followed by aesthetic results. Negative reviews were most frequently attributed to suboptimal aesthetic results. Most blepharoplasties in our study cohort were performed by plastic and oculoplastic surgeons.
High-Dose Neuromodulators: A Roundtable on Making Sense of the Data in Real-World Clinical Practice
Authors: Fabi Sabrina Guillen , Carruthers Jean , Joseph John , Cox Sue Ellen , Yoelin Steve , Few Julius , Kaufman-Janette Joely , Dayan Steven 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
For aesthetic treatment with botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA), interest in maximizing treatment duration and efficacy has prompted study of doses higher than those used in registration studies. As data emerge, it is important that physicians understand how to apply study findings to their own practice so that patient demand is satisfied.

Objectives
To bring together leading experts in neuromodulators for a roundtable discussion on the implications of high-dose BoNTA studies for patient care.

Methods
The authors reviewed and discussed recent data from high-dose BoNTA studies for abobotulinum toxin A, incobotulinum toxin A, and Oonobotulinumtoxin A.

Results
Discussion focused on the challenges of data interpretation and extrapolation of study findings for real-world patient care. The authors participated in a candid discussion of whether the observed improvements in treatment duration and patient satisfaction warrant treatment with high-dose regimens delivered as high-concentration injections. Safety was also discussed, as well as economic considerations for both practices and patients. Of note, for BoNTA products, the registration dose, when administered in a smaller total volume, appears to give rise to more durable results than those observed in pivotal trials, implicating product concentration as an important consideration. Importantly, at higher doses, extended duration of effect does not appear to be at the expense of natural-looking results.

Conclusions
While the authors provide considerations for the development of individual clinical practice, there is no one-size-fits-all recommendation. It may be that “high-dose” BoNTA is in reality the optimal dose; however, important economic considerations may prevent rapid uptake for all patients.
Deep-AFPpred: identifying novel antifungal peptides using pretrained embeddings from seq2vec with 1DCNN-BiLSTM
Authors: Sharma Ritesh , Shrivastava Sameer , Kumar Singh Sanjay , Kumar Abhinav , Saxena Sonal , Kumar Singh Raj 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFungal infections or mycosis cause a wide range of diseases in humans and animals. The incidences of community acquired; nosocomial fungal infections have increased dramatically after the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in number of patients with immunodeficiency / immunosuppression related diseases, resistance to existing antifungal compounds and availability of limited therapeutic options has triggered the search for alternative antifungal molecules. In this direction, antifungal peptides (AFPs) have received a lot of interest as an alternative to currently available antifungal drugs. Although the AFPs are produced by diverse population of living organisms, identifying effective AFPs from natural sources is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, there is a need to develop a robust in silico model capable of identifying novel AFPs in protein sequences. In this paper, we propose Deep-AFPpred, a deep learning classifier that can identify AFPs in protein sequences. We developed Deep-AFPpred using the concept of transfer learning with 1DCNN-BiLSTM deep learning algorithm. The findings reveal that Deep-AFPpred beats other state-of-the-art AFP classifiers by a wide margin and achieved approximately 96% and 94% precision on validation and test data, respectively. Based on the proposed approach, an online prediction server is created and made publicly available at https://afppred.anvil.app/. Using this server, one can identify novel AFPs in protein sequences and the results are provided as a report that includes predicted peptides, their physicochemical properties and motifs. By utilizing this model, we identified AFPs in different proteins, which can be chemically synthesized in lab and experimentally validated for their antifungal activity.
Asymptotic distribution-free changepoint detection for data with repeated observations
Authors: Song Hoseung , Chen Hao 
Published: September 2021

Summary
A nonparametric framework for changepoint detection, based on scan statistics utilizing graphs that represent similarities among observations, is gaining attention owing to its flexibility and good performance for high-dimensional and non-Euclidean data sequences. However, this graph-based framework faces challenges when there are repeated observations in the sequence, which is often the case for discrete data such as network data. In this article we extend the graph-based framework to solve this problem by averaging or taking the union of all possible optimal graphs resulting from repeated observations. We consider both the single-changepoint alternative and the changed-interval alternative, and derive analytical formulas to control the Type I error for the new methods, making them readily applicable to large datasets. The extended methods are illustrated on an application in detecting changes in a sequence of dynamic networks over time. All proposed methods are implemented in an $\texttt{R}$ package $\texttt{gSeg}$ available on CRAN.
Safety of anastomoses in colorectal cancer surgery in octogenarians: a prospective cohort study with propensity score matching
Authors: Lehmann Kai S , Klinger Carsten , Diers Johannes , Buhr Heinz-Johannes , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Wiegering Armin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundUp to 20 per cent of all operations for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are performed in octogenarians. Anastomotic leakage is a leading cause of morbidity and death after resection for CRC. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of anastomosis creation, the risk of anastomotic leakage and death in surgery for left-sided CRC in elderly patients.MethodsThis prospective cohort study compared patients less than 80 and 80 or more years with left-sided CRC resection performed between 2013 and 2019. Data were provided from a risk-adjusted surgical quality-assessment system with 219 participating centres in Germany. Outcome measures were the rate of anastomoses, anastomotic leakages, death at 30 days and 2-year overall survival (OS). Propensity score matching was used to control for selection bias and compare subgroups of patients of less than 80 and 80 or more years.ResultsOut of 18 959 patients, some 3169 (16.7 per cent) were octogenarians. Octogenarians were less likely to receive anastomoses (82.0 versus 92.9 per cent, P &lt; 0.001; odds ratio 0.50 (95 per cent c.i. 0.44 to 0.58), P &lt; 0.001). The rate of anastomotic leakages did not differ between age groups (8.6 versus 9.7 per cent, P = 0.084), but 30-day mortality rate after leakage was significantly higher in octogenarians (15.8 versus 3.5 per cent, P &lt; 0.001). Overall, anastomotic leakage was the strongest predictor for death (odds ratio 4.95 (95 per cent c.i. 3.66 to 6.66), P &lt; 0.001). In the subgroup with no leakage, octogenarians had a lower 2-year OS rate than younger patients (71 versus 87 per cent, P &lt; 0.001), and in the population with anastomotic leakage, the 2-year OS was 80 per cent in younger and 43 per cent in elderly patients (P &lt; 0.001). After propensity score matching, older age remained predictive for not receiving an anastomosis (odds ratio 0.54 (95 per cent c.i. 0.46 to 0.63), P &lt; 0.001) and for death (odds ratio 2.60 (95 per cent c.i. 1.78 to 3.84), P &lt; 0.001), but not for the occurrence of leakages (odds ratio 0.94 (95 per cent c.i. 0.76 to 1.15), P = 0.524).ConclusionAnastomotic leakage is not more common in octogenarians, but an age of 80 years or older is an independent factor for not receiving an anastomosis in surgery for left-sided CRC. The mortality rate in the case of leakage in octogenarians was reported to exceed 15 per cent.
Dare to Dream: The Changing Role of Social Work in Supporting Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Neuman Ran , Bryen Diane N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Despite the recognition that adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) have the right to lead a fulfilling life, support staff continue to focus on normalisation and mainstreaming. The present research aimed to promote a change in the focus of the support provided to adults with IDD, stressing the importance of assisting them to pursue their desires and wishes. Towards that goal, a study with ten pairs of service providers and recipients was conducted, in which the ‘Dare to Dream’ (Bryen, 2012) process was introduced and its initial stages were implemented. Thus, each pair of provider and recipient focused on the recipients’ dreams and their realisation. Data were collected through interviews with the support staff regarding their experience with the ‘Dare to Dream’ approach. Findings indicated that participation led to a change in support staff’s perceptions of their aims and role as supporters in line with the humanistic orientation. The new objectives of supports should focus on encouraging adults with IDD to express their desires and dreams, as well as helping them internalise a new way of achieving autonomy. Further investigation of the use and cross-cultural applications of the ‘Dare to Dream’ process is recommended.
Some Remarks on International Health Legislation and the WHO
Authors: Lamm Vanda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The establishment of the WHO was a milestone in the development of international health law, not only because it has been a worldwide international organization having global competence in public health matters, but by reason of being vested with wide legislative purview and having competence to adopt conventions, agreements and regulations with binding effects. After a short survey of the development and characteristics of international health law, the article analyses the WHO’s law-making purview and the results of that law-making activity. It demonstrates that under the auspices of the organization very few binding norms were adopted. Instead, the organisation excelled in the creation of soft law norms, and even in some areas of health law the organization has showed no interest. According to this author, the WHO’s passivity in law-making of binding norms is attributable not only to the organization but to its Member States as well.
Podocytopathy in patients with monoclonal gammopathy: three patients and literature review
Authors: Ribas Andrés , Puche Adrián , Gimeno Javier , Sans Laia , Barrios Clara , Márquez Eva , Naranjo Dolores , Lloveras Belén , Lop Joan , Ramos Natàlia , Soler Maria José , Gabaldon Alejandra , Crespo Marta , Rodríguez Eva 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Renal manifestations of monoclonal gammopathies are of increasing interest among nephrologists. Typical manifestations include light chain cast nephropathy, amyloidosis or renal damage mediated by monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition. Podocytopathies in the setting of an underlying monoclonal gammopathy constitute a rare manifestation of these diseases and, although being described in the literature, remain a challenge since most data derive from case reports.

Methods
A retrospective review of the clinical data of Hospital del Mar and Hospital Vall d’Hebron was performed to identify patients with minimal change disease (MCD) or focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in the setting of neoplasms that produce monoclonal (M) protein. Additionally, a literature review on this topic was performed. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of these patients.

Results
Three patients were identified to have podocytopathy and monoclonal gammopathy between the years 2013 and 2020. All three were males and &gt;65 years of age. Two patients were diagnosed with MCD and one patient was diagnosed with FSGS. All patients underwent a kidney biopsy and light and electron microscopic studies were performed. The underlying causes of monoclonal gammopathy were multiple myeloma in two cases and Waldeström macroglobulinemia in one case. Two patients developed nephrotic syndrome during the follow-up. All patients were under active hematological treatment. One patient presented a complete remission of proteinuria whereas the other two presented a partial remission.

Conclusions
Podocytopathies may infrequently be found in patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Patients with overt glomerular proteinuria and hematological disorders with M protein should undergo a kidney biopsy for prompt diagnosis and to specify a prognosis. In addition, further study on this matter must be done to understand the pathophysiology and treat these patients appropriately.
Multi-key Fully Homomorphic Encryption from Additive Homomorphism
Authors: Xu Wenju , Wang Baocang , Hu Yupu , Duan Pu , Zhang Benyu , Liu Momeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) allows direct computations over the encrypted data without access to the decryption. Hence multi-key FHE is well suitable for secure multiparty computation. Recently, Brakerski et al. (TCC 2019 and EUROCRYPT 2020) utilized additively homomorphic encryption to construct FHE schemes with different properties. Motivated by their work, we are attempting to construct multi-key FHE schemes via additively homomorphic encryption. In this paper, we propose a general framework of constructing multi-key FHE, combining the additively homomorphic encryption with specific multiparty computation protocols constructed from encryption switching protocol. Concretely, every involved party encrypts his plaintexts with an additively homomorphic encryption under his own public key. Then the ciphertexts are evaluated by suitable multiparty computation protocols performed by two cooperative servers without collusion. Furthermore, an instantiation with an ElGamal variant scheme is presented. Performance comparisons show that our multi-key FHE from additively homomorphic encryption is more efficient and practical.
Pearson correlations on complex networks
Authors: Coscia Michele 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Complex networks are useful tools to understand propagation events like epidemics, word-of-mouth, adoption of habits and innovations. Estimating the correlation between two processes happening on the same network is therefore an important problem with a number of applications. However, at present there is no way to do so: current methods either correlate a network with itself, a single process with the network structure or calculate a network distance between two processes. In this article, we propose to extend the Pearson correlation coefficient to work on complex networks. Given two vectors, we define a function that uses the topology of the network to return a correlation coefficient. We show that our formulation is intuitive and returns the expected values in a number of scenarios. We also demonstrate how the classical the Pearson correlation coefficient is unable to do so. We conclude the article with two case studies, showcasing how our network correlation can facilitate tasks in social network analysis and economics. We provide examples of how we could use our network correlation to infer user characteristics from their activities on social media; and relationships between industrial products, under some assumptions as to what should make two exporting countries similar.
Long-read metagenomics of multiple displacement amplified DNA of low-biomass human gut phageomes by SACRA pre-processing chimeric reads
Authors: Kiguchi Yuya , Nishijima Suguru , Kumar Naveen , Hattori Masahira , Suda Wataru 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe human gut bacteriophage community (phageome) plays an important role in the host’s health and disease; however, the entire structure is poorly understood, partly owing to the generation of many incomplete genomes in conventional short-read metagenomics. Here, we show long-read metagenomics of amplified DNA of low-biomass phageomes with multiple displacement amplification (MDA), involving the development of a novel bioinformatics tool, split amplified chimeric read algorithm (SACRA), that efficiently pre-processed numerous chimeric reads generated through MDA. Using five samples, SACRA markedly reduced the average chimera ratio from 72% to 1.5% in PacBio reads with an average length of 1.8 kb. De novo assembly of chimera-less PacBio long reads reconstructed contigs of ≥5 kb with an average proportion of 27%, which was 1% in contigs from MiSeq short reads, thereby dramatically improving contig length and genome completeness. Comparison of PacBio and MiSeq contigs found MiSeq contig fragmentations frequently near local repeats and hypervariable regions in the phage genomes, and those caused by multiple homologous phage genomes coexisting in the community. We also developed a reference-independent method to assess the completeness of the linear phage genomes. Overall, we established a SACRA-coupled long-read metagenomics robust to highly diverse gut phageomes, identifying high-quality circular and linear phage genomes with adequate sequence quantity.
Cardiac device troubleshooting in the intensive care unit: an educational review
Authors: Dauw Jeroen , Dupont Matthias , Martens Pieter , Nijst Petra , Mullens Wilfried 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Numerous patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device are admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU). When taking care of these patients, it is essential to have basic knowledge of potential device problems and how they could be tackled. This review summarizes common issues with pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization devices and provides a framework for troubleshooting in the ICU. In addition, specific aspects of intensive care that might interfere with cardiac devices are discussed.