bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Real-Time Scheduling Algorithm for Wireless Sensors with Regenerative Energy
Authors: El Ghor Hussein , Chetto Maryline 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a promising and broadly used energy-efficient technique to overcome the main problems arising from using a finite energy reservoir capacity and uncertain energy source in real-time embedded systems. This work investigates an energy management scheme for real-time task scheduling in variable voltage processors located in sensor nodes and powered by ambient energy sources. We use DVFS technique to decrease the energy consumption of sensors at the time when the energy sources are limited. In particular, we develop and prove an optimal real-time scheduling framework with speed stretching, namely energy guarantee DVFS (EG-DVFS), that jointly accounts not only for the timing constraints, but also for the energy state incurred by the properties of the system components. EG-DVFS relies on the well-known earliest deadline-harvesting scheduling algorithm combined with DVFS technique where the sensor processing frequency is fine tuned to further minimize energy consumption and to achieve an energy autonomy of the system. Further, an exact feasibility test for a set of periodic, aperiodic or even sporadic tasks is presented.
Do psychosocial job stressors differentially affect the sleep quality of men and women? A study using the HILDA Survey
Authors: Scovelle A J , King T , Shields M , O’Neil A , Lallukka T , Hewitt B , Milner A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether gender was an effect modifier of the relationship between three psychosocial job stressors and sleep quality, in a representative sample of 7280 employed Australians. We conducted linear regressions and effect measure modification analyses. Low job control, high job demands and low job security were associated with poorer sleep quality. There was evidence of effect modification of the relationship between job security and sleep quality by gender on the additive scale, indicating that the combined effect of being male and having low job security is greater than the summed interactive effect.
SIMULATION OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS BY GENES WITH BIOCHEMICALLY DEFINABLE ACTION. VI. MODIFICATIONS OF A SIMPLE MODEL
Authors: Forkmann G , Seyffert W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Investigations on metric characters of defined genotypes of Matthiola incana, and application of different linear models for the estimation of genetic parameters, indicate that the use of midparental value as a reference point results in parameter estimates that do not correspond to the actual biological situation. Use of the most recessive genotype as a reference point causes all of the contributions of single loci to be unidirectional and positive, and all the allelic and nonallelic interactions to be unidirectional and negative, in accord with our Model 2.2. The results indicate that the phenotypic response to allelic substitutions follows the characteristics of a saturation curve. The possibility is discussed that the saturation character results from regulating processes, whereas deviations of single measurements from the response curve, or response surface, reflect real interactions between allelic and nonallelic genes.
CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY IN NICOTIANA, RESTORATION OF FERTILITY, AND THE NUCLEOLUS. II. N. DEBNEYI CYTOPLASM
Authors: Burns J A , Gerstel D U , Sand S A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Previously, it was shown that a fragment chromosome, apparently derived from the Nicotiana repanda chromosomal complement, restores to normal the morphology and fertility of the abortive and feminized anthers produced by plants that possess the N. tabacum genome in cytoplasm from N. repanda. Furthermore, that restorer chromosome organizes the nucleolus and inhibits the nucleolus-forming activity of the nucleolar organizers of N. tabacum chromosomes present in the same cells, particularly in pollen mother cells. To determine whether these relations are basic or only coincidental, restorer chromosomes for other cytoplasms are now being investigated. The present paper describes a study of a chromosome, presumably derived from N. debneyi, with partial restoring power. Acting in the cytoplasm of N. debneyi, it directs formation of morphologically normal anthers, without, however, restoring pollen fertility. We find that this chromosome also has a functioning nucleolar organizer, but only slightly inhibits the nucleolus-forming capacity of N. tabacum chromosomes. The suggestion of a relationship between the nucleolar apparatus and restoration of normal anthers is thus strengthened by the observation that restorers are found on nucleolus-forming chromosomes from two very distinct Nicotiana species, as well as in several comparable cases cited from the Triticinae. The manner in which the nucleolus, or its organizer, may direct defeminization and restoration of anther morphology is not known; suggestions were offered in the preceding paper in this series (Gerstel, Burns and Burk 1978).
THE ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE POLYMORPHISM IN POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. SELECTION IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: van Delden W , Boerema A C , Kamping A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The allozyme polymorphism at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster was studied in order to obtain experimental evidence about the maintenance of this polymorphism. Populations started with different initial allele frequencies from homozygous F and S lines showed a convergence of frequencies on regular food at 25°, leading to values equal to those in the base populations. These results were interpreted as due to some kind of balancing selection. In populations kept at 29.8°, a lower equilibrium F frequency was attained. Addition of ethanol and some other alcohols to the food gave a rapid increase in F frequency, and high humidity decreased the F frequency slightly. Combination or alternation of ethanol and high humidity had variable effects in the populations tested. For a further analysis of the allele-frequency changes, estimates were obtained for egg-to-adult survival under different conditions and for adult survival on ethanol-supplemented food. On ethanol food (both at regular and high humidity), egg-to-adult survival of SS homozygotes was considerably lower than that of the FF and FS genotypes. Under regular conditions of food, temperature and humidity, a tendency to heterozygote superiority was observed, while at high humidity a relative high survival of SS was noticed in some tests. Adult survival of SS was lower than that of FF, but FS was generally intermediate, though the degree of dominance differed between populations. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of the occurrence of selection at the Adh locus.
CHROMOSOME FRAGMENTS IN DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM OBTAINED FROM PARASEXUAL CROSSES BETWEEN STRAINS OF DIFFERENT GENETIC BACKGROUND
Authors: Williams Keith L , Robson Gillian E , Welker Dennis L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The first aneuploid strains of Dictyostelium discoideum have been unambiguously characterized, using cytological and genetic analysis. Three independently isolated, but genetically similar, fragment chromosomes have been observed in segregants from diploids formed between haploid strains derived from the NC4 and VI2 isolates of D. discoideum. Once generated, the fragment chromosomes, all of which have Vl2-derived centromeres, can be maintained in a NC4 genetic background. Genetic evidence is consistent with the view that all three fragment chromosomes studied encompass the region from the centromere to the whiA locus of linkage group II and terminate in the interval between whiA and acrA. From cytological studies, one of the fragment chromosomes consists of approximately half of linkage group II.——We observed no deleterious effect on viability or asexual fruiting-body formation in either haploid or diploid strains carrying an additional incomplete chromosome and hence are disomic or trisomic, respectively, for part of linkage group II. The incomplete chromosome is lost at a frequency of 2 to 3% from disomic and trisomic strains, but surprisingly this loss is not increased in the presence of the haploidizing agent, benlate. A new locus (clyA), whose phenotype is altered colony morphology, is assigned to the region of linkage group II encompassed by the fragment chromosome.
ASSESSMENT OF VARIABILITY WITHIN ELECTROMORPHS OF ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Kreitman Martin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ninety-six isochromosomal lines of Drosophila melanogaster from a natural population were screened electrophoretically for unusual mobility variants at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus, using a total of eight conditions of acrylamide electrophoresis. No additional mobility variation was found among the 50 "slow" and 46 "fast" mobility lines beyond that detected by standard methods of electrophoresis. However, two thermostability variants recovered by R. MILKMAN from a natural population, whose electrophoretic mobilities were previously thought to be indistinguishable from those of "standard" alleles, are distinguishable from the standard elcctromorphs by these procedures. These results suggest that the Adhlocus, although polymorphic, does not harbor substantial amounts of "hidden" allelic variability. This study also reports the appearance of substantial mobility variation among isogenic lines that can be induced under specific conditions of sample preparation involving the pretreatment of samples with NAD and acetone. However, genetic analysis demonstrates that this variability cannot be attributed to allelic differences at the structural locus, but instead appears to be dependent upon the concentration of the enzyme in a sample. These results are discussed in relation to the distribution of allelic variation at other enzyme loci.
DNA REARRANGEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH REVERSION OF BACTERIOPHAGE MU-INDUCED MUTATIONS
Authors: Khatoon Hajra , Bukhari Ahmad I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Excision of transposable genetic elements from host DNA is different from the classical prophage lambda type of excision in that it occurs at low frequency and is mostly imprecise; only a minority of excision events restores the wild-type host sequences. In bacteriophage Mu, a highly efficient transposon, imprecise excision is 10–100 times more frequent than precise excision. We have examined a large number of these excision events by starting with Mucts X mutants located in the Z gene of the lac operon of Escherichia coli. Mucts X mutants are defective prophages whose excision occurs at a measurable frequency. Imprecise excision was monitored by selecting for melibiose+ (Mel+) phenotype, which requires only a functioning lacY gene. Mel+ revertants exhibit an array of DNA rearrangements and fall in four main classes, the predominant one being comprised of revertants that have no detectable Mu DNA. Most of these revertants can further revert to Lac+. Perhaps 5 base-pair duplications, originally present at prophage-host junctions, are left in these lacZ - Y + revertants, and they can be further repaired to lacZ +. Another class has, in addition to the loss of Mu DNA, deletions that extend generally, but not always, to only one side of the prophage. The other two classes of revertants, surprisingly, still have Mu DNA in the lacZ gene. One class has deletions in the Z gene, whereas, no deletions can be detected in the other. Many of the revertants in the last class can further revert to lacZ +, indicating that the lacY gene must have been turned on by a rearrangement within Mu DNA. Apparently, all of the detectable precise and most of the imprecise excision events require functioning of the Mu A gene. We suggest that a block in large-scale Mu replication allows the excision process to proceed.
CONTROLLING-ELEMENT EVENTS AT THE SHRUNKEN LOCUS IN MAIZE
Authors: Burr B , Burr F A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We have examined insertions of the controlling element Ds at the Shrunken locus of maize. A cDNA probe complementary to a portion of the Shrunken locus mRNA was prepared. This probe recognizes a unique sequence in maize DNA. Using lines carrying derivatives of the same short arm of chromosome 9, we have detected modifications at the nucleic acid level caused by Ds. The changes appear to be large insertions, one of which may be more than 20 kilobase pairs in length. These observations provide a basis for the isolation and molecular characterization of one of the maize controlling elements.
GENES IN NEUROSPORA THAT SUPPRESS RECOMBINATION WHEN THEY ARE HETEROZYGOUS
Authors: Catcheside D E A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Genes that suppress recombination when heterozygous have been found distributed as a polymorphism in wild and laboratory populations of Neurospora crassa. Three alleles, ssE, ssS and ssC, are associated, respectively, with the three wild types Emerson, St. Lawrence 74A and Costa Rica A. It is proposed that ss (synaptic sequence) genes modulate recombination by determining the pairing closeness of DNA duplexes in the vicinity of the nit-2 locus. When heterozygous, ss suppresses recombination 2- to 20-fold within the nit-2 locus, which it adjoins, but crossing over in intervals flanking nit-2 is not affected. The magnitude of suppression depends upon the ss alleles involved, and ss acts multiplicatively with rec-1; together, these genes modulate recombination within the nit-2 locus over a range exceeding 100-fold. The ss effect is not attributable to gross chromosomal rearrangement, but could be due to small inversions or insertions, such as transposable elements.
A broad read of Ely: Political process theory for fragile democracies
Authors: Cepeda Espinosa Manuel José , Landau David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article, part of a symposium on the fortieth anniversary of John Hart Ely’s Democracy and Distrust, contrasts two reads of Ely’s political process theory. The narrow read, which focuses on keeping clear the channels of political change and protecting discrete and insular minorities, stems from Ely’s focus on the twentieth-century United States. However, when Ely’s work is transplanted into the context of fragile democracies in danger of lapsing into authoritarianism and with serial political dysfunction, a broader read emerges. This article develops a typology of functions that courts play under a broad read, in addition to the traditional focus on protecting discrete and insular minorities: guarding against democratic breakdown, improving the quality of democratic institutions, and responding to failures of political institutions impacting majoritarian groups. The article also shows that although the broad read of Ely raises new problems, it offers a useful guide to theorists and courts.
Veno-venous extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation-assisted right tracheal-sleeve pneumonectomy
Authors: Mazzella Antonio , Bertolaccini Luca , Petrella Francesco , Spaggiari Lorenzo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Tracheal sleeve pneumonectomy for lung cancer is an old technique, and it is reserved for exceptional cases with tracheal carina involvement. Intra-operative airways management of this operation is incredibly complex, involving thoracic surgeons, anaesthesiologists and pulmonologists. We report a case of a 38-year-old male with no clinical history, referred to our department for an adenoid-cystic carcinoma involving distal trachea, carina and main right bronchus. Tracheal sleeve pneumonectomy was performed using extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). A veno-venous ECMO circuit was established through a heparin-coated percutaneous cannula in the right femoral vein and a heparin-coated percutaneous cannula in the internal right jugular vein by ultrasound assistance. No major complications occurred, and the patient was discharged after 30-day bronchoscopic control, showing the absence of fistula and negativity of the methylene blue test. ECMO-assisted surgery ensures adequate respiratory support, haemodynamic stability, lower risk of bleeding complications with a clean operating field and better brain and myocardial oxygenation.
Perceptions of event notification following discharge to improve geriatric care: qualitative interviews of care team members from a 2-site cluster randomized trial
Authors: Franzosa Emily , Traylor Morgan , Judon Kimberly M , Guerrero Aquino Vivian , Schwartzkopf Ashley L , Boockvar Kenneth S , Dixon Brian E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
To assess primary care teams’ perceptions of a health information exchange (HIE) event notification intervention for geriatric patients in 2 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical centers.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a qualitative evaluation of an event notification alerting primary care teams to non-VHA hospital admissions and emergency department visits. Data were collected through semistructured interviews (n = 23) of primary care team physicians, nurses and medical assistants. Study design and analysis were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Results
Team members found the alerts necessary, helpful for filling information gaps, and effective in supporting timely follow-up care, although some expressed concern over scheduling capacity and distinguishing alerts from other VHA notices. Participants also suggested improvements including additional data on patients’ diagnosis and discharge instructions, timing alerts to patients’ discharge (including clear next steps), including additional team members to ensure alerts were acted upon, and implementing a single sign-on.

Discussion
Primary care team members perceived timely event notification of non-VHA emergency department visits and hospital admissions as potentially improving post-discharge follow-up and patient outcomes. However, they were sometimes unsure of next steps and suggested the alerts and platform could be streamlined for easier use.

Conclusions
Event notifications may be a valuable tool in coordinating care for high-risk older patients. Future intervention research should explore the optimal amount and types of information and delivery method across sites and test the integration of alerts into broader care coordination efforts.
A neuro-symbolic method for understanding free-text medical evidence
Authors: Kang Tian , Turfah Ali , Kim Jaehyun , Perotte Adler , Weng Chunhua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe introduce Medical evidence Dependency (MD)–informed attention, a novel neuro-symbolic model for understanding free-text clinical trial publications with generalizability and interpretability.Materials and MethodsWe trained one head in the multi-head self-attention model to attend to the Medical evidence Ddependency (MD) and to pass linguistic and domain knowledge on to later layers (MD informed). This MD-informed attention model was integrated into BioBERT and tested on 2 public machine reading comprehension benchmarks for clinical trial publications: Evidence Inference 2.0 and PubMedQA. We also curated a small set of recently published articles reporting randomized controlled trials on COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) following the Evidence Inference 2.0 guidelines to evaluate the model’s robustness to unseen data.ResultsThe integration of MD-informed attention head improves BioBERT substantially in both benchmark tasks—as large as an increase of +30% in the F1 score—and achieves the new state-of-the-art performance on the Evidence Inference 2.0. It achieves 84% and 82% in overall accuracy and F1 score, respectively, on the unseen COVID-19 data.ConclusionsMD-informed attention empowers neural reading comprehension models with interpretability and generalizability via reusable domain knowledge. Its compositionality can benefit any transformer-based architecture for machine reading comprehension of free-text medical evidence.
Does foreign investment hurt job creation at home? The geography of outward FDI and employment in the USA
Authors: Crescenzi Riccardo , Ganau , Roberto , Storper Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rising political skepticism on the benefits of global economic integration has increased public scrutiny of the foreign activities of domestic firms in virtually all advanced economies. Decisions to invest in new activities abroad are seen by some commentators as potentially detrimental to domestic employment. We contribute to this debate by scrutinizing the relationship between outward ‘greenfield’ Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and local employment levels. The analysis, at the scale of USA Economic Areas, finds a generally positive link between outward investment and local employment, but with an important range of differences across regions and sectors. Less developed regions benefit the most from the positive returns of outward FDI, and, particularly, from outward FDI if it is undertaken by firms in high-tech manufacturing and services industries. But there is a downside, in the form of increasing intra-regional inequalities between high-skilled and low-skilled workers in these areas.
Regulation of Special Economic Zones Through Regional Trade Agreements: Confronting the Synergy Issue
Authors: Chi Manjiao 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Special economic zones (SEZs) and regional trade agreements (RTAs) are frequently used by states as policy tools to promote economic development. As SEZs and RTAs overlap in geographical coverage and regulation areas and are implemented in parallel, they could create profound synergies. As there is no specialized international legal framework for SEZ regulation, and national SEZ laws seldom touch upon the synergy issue, SEZ regulation is largely left to RTAs at the international level. Yet, existing SEZ-related provisions in RTAs almost exclusively focus on trade in goods and appear insufficient in addressing the synergy issue—especially ‘new synergies’ created by ‘advanced SEZs’ and ‘deep RTAs’. To properly address the synergy issue, states should treat SEZ policy-making and RTA rule-making in a coordinated way and consider adopting a regional or multilateral approach in SEZ regulation.
Special Economic Zones Facing the Challenges of International Taxation: BEPS Action 5, EU Code of Conduct, and the Future
Authors: Heitmüller Frederik , Mosquera Irma 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Corporate taxation and particularly corporate tax incentives that jurisdictions introduce in special economic zones have not, until recently, been subject to extensive international regulation. Only in the last decade has a regime of soft law standards and European Union measures with extraterritorial effect been constructed. This article explains how the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Action Plan developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union Code of Conduct for Business Taxation interact with corporate tax incentives in special economic zones. Empirical evidence from Latin American and Caribbean jurisdictions shows that this emerging international regime began having an impact on special economic zone laws beyond the OECD and European Union Member States. An analysis of ongoing negotiations on the further developments of the international tax regime permits the cautious conclusion that the regulation of SEZs may in the future be affected in a more fundamental manner by international norms. Thereby, the article shows that special economic zones’ unilateralism in corporate taxation may be slowly receding in contrast to other areas of international economic governance.