bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of an emollient application on newborn skin from birth for prevention of atopic dermatitis: a randomized controlled study in Thai neonates
Authors: Techasatian L. , Kiatchoosakun P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnhancing the skin barrier in high‐risk neonates by daily use of emollients during infancy might prevent atopic dermatitis (AD); however, there have been no studies on this topic in a country with a tropical climate. Climate may affect the results of the use of emollients in neonates for AD prevention and possible adverse cutaneous eruptions.ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that emollients used during infancy can prevent AD in high‐risk neonates in a country with a tropical climate and to evaluate other possible adverse cutaneous eruptions in this population.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled study in a tertiary care hospital with a 6 months' duration. Eligible neonates were randomly assigned to receive either emollient and skincare advice (emollient group) or skincare advice only (control group). The intervention was started within 3 weeks of birth.ResultsThe emollient group showed a significant reduction in the cumulative incidence of AD at 6 months (relative risk, 0.39; 95% CI 0.24–0.64; P < 0.001). The emollient group started to develop AD later and had a lower severity of AD than the control group (P < 0.001). Compared to moderate adherence, low adherence to emollient application was associated with a lower number of patients with AD (P = 0.008). Potentially emollient‐related cutaneous eruptions, such as miliaria, and suspected cutaneous infections, such as impetigo, were more frequent in the emollient group. Exposure to passive smoking showed a significant difference in the development of AD compared to non‐smoking exposure, both during pregnancy and after the child's birth (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study suggests that, in a tropical climate, emollient applied to the skin of at‐risk neonates on an ‘as needed’ basis (depending on environmental factors, level of skin dryness), rather than on a ‘daily basis', can provide a substantial benefit for AD prevention.
Genetic and ecomorphological divergence between sympatricAstyanaxmorphs from Central America
Authors: Garita‐Alvarado Carlos A. , Garduño‐Sánchez Marco Antonio , Barluenga Marta , Ornelas‐García Claudia Patricia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntraspecific ecological and morphological polymorphism can promote ecological speciation and the build‐up of reproductive isolation. Here, we evaluate correlations among morphology, trophic ecology and genetic differentiation between two divergent morphs (elongateanddeep‐body) of the fish genusAstyanaxin the San Juan River basin in Central America, to infer the putative evolutionary mechanism shaping this system. We collected the two morphs from three water bodies and analysed: (1) the correlation between body shape and the shape of the premaxilla, a relevant trophic morphological structure, (2) the trophic level and niche width of each morph, (3) the correspondence between trophic level and body and premaxillary shape, and (4) the genetic differentiation between morphs using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We found a strong correlation between the body and premaxillary shape of the morphs. The elongate‐body morph had a streamlined body, a premaxilla with acuter angles and a narrower ascending process, and a higher trophic level, characteristic of species with predatorial habits. By contrast, the deep‐body morph had a higher body depth, a premaxilla with less acute angles and a broader trophic niche, suggesting generalist habits. Despite the strong correlation between morphological and ecological divergence, the morphs showed limited genetic differentiation, supporting the idea that morphs may be undergoing incipient ecological speciation, although alternative scenarios such as stable polymorphism or plasticity should also be considered. This study provides support for the role of ecological factors promoting diversification in both lake and stream‐dwelling freshwater fish.
Effect of drying temperature on the physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of “Palmer” mango peels
Authors: de Brito Araújo Ana Júlia , da Silva Wilton Pereira , dos Santos Moreira Inácia , Santos Newton Carlos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present study evaluated the effects of temperature in the drying of “Palmer” mango peel on its physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity, generating information for a better utilization of this by‐product and its use in food products. Peels with average thickness of 1.5 mm were dried in an air circulation oven at different temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80°C). Mathematical models (empirical and diffusive) were fitted to the experimental data obtained and, subsequently, the dehydrated peels were crushed to obtain the powders, which were characterized in terms of physical attributes, physicochemical attributes, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity (ABTS+, DPPH, and FRAP). The diffusion model indicated that “Palmer” mango peels show a uniform moisture distribution over time and the Wang and Singh model does not have a consistent physical behavior for the study (R2 <.91). The extraction process using solvents with different polarities allowed the extraction of phenolic compounds (13,761.32 ± 1.12 mg/kg), but aqueous extraction revealed superior results for antioxidant activity by the different methods: ABTS (31.72 ± 1.00 mM TEAC/kg), DPPH (162.26 ± 0.23 mM TEAC/kg), and FRAP (66.63 ± 2.27 mM Fe2+/kg). The temperature of 60°C was the most efficient for drying the peels.Practical applicationsThe powder obtained in the present study showed functional potential, as a source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, highlighting the possibility of its use as additive and supplement or incorporated in the formulation of new foods.
Grief experiences in parents of adult children with serious mental illness
Authors: Williams‐Wengerd Anne M. , Solheim Catherine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBecause of systemic changes in mental health treatment since deinstitutionalization, parents have taken on more involved roles for their children with serious mental illness (SMI), even when their children have reached young adulthood. However, the changes in parental roles and relationships with their adult children with SMI, and the grief that stems from those changes, have not been adequately reflected in research or treatment interventions. Studies primarily focus on individual perspectives and neglect the relational nature of grief within a family. The absence of a family perspective in treatment systems leave parents to navigate grief and loss on their own. In this article, we systematically review 12 papers on the grief experiences of parents of an adult child with SMI. Through a thematic analysis of the findings it becomes clear that there is a need for employing a family theoretical perspective to address the inherent relational nature of grief. Ambiguous loss theory provides a relationally grounded model which expands our understanding of parents' grief and gives direction for more effective interventions for families.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy may be sufficient for initial evaluation of suspected immunotherapy‐mediated colitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: De Silva Sadie , Trieu Harry , Rajan Anand , Liang Yu , Lin James L , Kidambi Trilokesh D 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in treating a variety of cancers. Their increased use coincides with increased incidence of immunotherapy‐mediated colitis (IMC), a common adverse effect. Optimal strategy for endoscopic evaluation of IMC (full colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy) is not well‐defined.MethodsRetrospective review of all patients at City of Hope referred to gastroenterology for evaluation of IMC due to gastrointestinal symptoms was performed. Patients with an existing histologic diagnosis of IMC established at an outside hospital or a diagnosis of infectious or chronic colitis were excluded.ResultsWe identified 51 symptomatic patients on ICIs prompting evaluation for IMC with colonoscopy (47/51) or flexible sigmoidoscopy (4/51). All distal rectosigmoid biopsies during flexible sigmoidoscopy demonstrated histologic evidence of IMC. In full colonoscopy, IMC was either present in all segments of colon simultaneously (35/47) or absent from all segments (12/47). No isolated proximal colonic biopsies demonstrated IMC. Endoscopically normal mucosa demonstrated histologic evidence of IMC up to 68.6% of the time. Endoscopically abnormal right, transverse, and left colon had low sensitivity (35.3%, 34.3%, and 41.7%, respectively) and high specificity (100.0%, 100.0%, and 91.7%, respectively) for histological presence of IMC.ConclusionsDistal colon biopsies in patients on ICI therapy with diarrhea and suspected IMC were sufficient for diagnosing IMC in our cohort. Further, we found histologic evidence of IMC in biopsies taken from normal‐appearing mucosa in a number of patients, suggesting that a normal endoscopic appearance does not preclude the presence of IMC and biopsies should be taken from both normal and abnormal‐appearing mucosa.
Maternal exposure to work schedule unpredictability and child behavior
Authors: Schneider Daniel , Harknett Kristen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis article estimates the association between maternal exposure to unpredictable work schedules in the service sector and child internalizing and externalizing behavior.BackgroundPrecarious work is widespread and characterized by low wages, few benefits, and nonstandard schedules. But working parents, especially in the service sector, contend with unpredictable work schedules as well. These schedules have negative consequences for workers, but may also perpetuate inequality across generations by negatively affecting children.MethodThis article takes advantage of novel survey data from The Shift Project, covering 2,613 mothers (surveyed 2017–2019) working in the service sector with children (mean child age of 7.5), to examine the association between maternal work schedules and child behavior as well as the mediators of this relationship.ResultsMaternal exposure to unpredictable work schedules is associated with children's externalizing and internalizing behavior. Mediation analysis shows that for parents with the most unpredictable schedules, this aspect of job quality operates on children's behavior by increasing household economic insecurity, reducing developmental parenting time, and diminishing maternal well‐being.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that work scheduling conditions may have consequences not just for workers themselves but also for their children.
The integration of oral health‐related best practice recommendations in the management of patients with diabetes: a cross‐sectional survey of primary care physicians
Authors: Ahern John , Nunn June 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether best practice recommendations are being followed by primary care physicians (PCPs) by examining the integration of oral health‐related practices in their management of patients with diabetes.MethodsA cross‐sectional study design was used to examine PCPs' knowledge of the bidirectional link between diabetes and periodontal disease (PD), their adherence to international best practice recommendations, and their experience of interprofessional collaboration with dentists via an online survey.ResultsIn total, 79 of 173 PCPs completed the online survey. Almost 90 percent of PCPs neither inform patients with diabetes about the link with PD nor advise dental care. Approximately, one‐third of PCPs (32 percent) felt confident facilitating access to dentists. However, 93 percent of PCPs do not refer patients with diabetes to dentists as part of diabetes management.ConclusionPCPs tend not to inform their patients with diabetes of the bidirectional link with PD, or provide advice or referral to attend dental care as part of diabetes management.
Family functioning and dental caries among preschool children
Authors: Almutairi Sarah , Scambler Sasha , Bernabé Eduardo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the relationship of family functioning with dental caries among 3–4‐year‐olds and the role of family functioning in explaining the relationship of family socioeconomic status (SES) with childhood dental caries.MethodsData from 761 parent–child dyads who took part in the East London Oral Health Inequalities study were analyzed. Family functioning was assessed using the 60‐item family assessment device that yielded scores on general functioning and six domains (roles, communication, problem‐solving, affective involvement, affective responsiveness, and behavior control). Children were clinically examined at home for dental caries. The association of family functioning and family SES (education and socioeconomic classification) with dental caries (dmft and dt scores) was tested using negative binominal regression while adjusting for child and parental demographic factors.ResultsChildren from families with unhealthy general functioning had 1.49 (95% CI: 1.01–2.20) and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.20–2.82) times greater dmft and dt, respectively, than those from families with healthy functioning after adjustment for confounders. The estimates for the associations of parental education and socioeconomic classification with dmft and dt were attenuated by around 12%–18% after adjusting for family functioning. Of the six family functioning domains assessed, only unhealthy behavior control in the family was associated with greater numbers of decayed teeth after adjustments.ConclusionsThis study showed that unhealthy family functioning was associated with dental caries among young children. Family functioning partly explained the relationship between family SES and childhood dental caries.
Intellectual property rights in e‐commerce industry of Bangladesh
Authors: Silvee Sadiya S. , Wasaf Madanoor Mohammed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvolution of internet and technology has led to an increase in electronic commerce (e‐commerce). Consequently, disputes regarding commercial use of the internet are emerging in many developed and developing countries. Many of these disputes concern the infringement of intellectual property (IP) rights. However, IP rights are, perhaps, spurned by many developing countries when it comes to e‐commerce—making it a timely study for many developing countries such as Bangladesh; whose e‐commerce industry is experiencing extraordinary growth in the past few years. Although Bangladesh embarked into e‐commerce years ago, however, judiciary of the country has not yet experienced disputes addressing IP rights in the e‐commerce industry. Mostly, because the significant connection of IP rights with e‐commerce are yet to comprehend. Against this backdrop, focusing on the propinquity between e‐commerce and IP rights, this paper examines the adeptness of the contemporary IP rights enactments of Bangladesh in protecting IP rights in e‐commerce industry of Bangladesh. Arguing that IP rights are the most essential and value‐bearing component of e‐commerce industry, the paper presents how IP rights are violated by various entities of the industry every now and then. The paper delineates the disputes of such nature which already exist but remained unaddressed because of the inadequate understanding of IP rights and loopholes in the Bangladesh IP enactments. The paper concludes by giving a persuasive guideline to protect the legitimate rights and interests of various entities of the e‐commerce industry in Bangladesh.
The role of hepatic lipid composition in obesity‐related metabolic disease
Authors: Willis Scott A. , Bawden Stephen J. , Malaikah Sundus , Sargeant Jack A. , Stensel David J. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , King James A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObesity is a primary antecedent to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease whose cardinal feature is excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Although total hepatic lipid content closely associates with hepatic and systemic metabolic dysfunction, accumulating evidence suggests that the composition of hepatic lipids may be more discriminatory. This review summarises cross‐sectional human studies using liver biopsy/lipidomics and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterise hepatic lipid composition in people with obesity and related metabolic disease. A comprehensive literature search identified 26 relevant studies published up to 31st March 2021 which were included in the review. The available evidence provides a consistent picture showing that people with hepatic steatosis possess elevated saturated and/or monounsaturated hepatic lipids and a reduced proportion of polyunsaturated hepatic lipids. This altered hepatic lipid profile associates more directly with metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance, and may be exacerbated in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. Further evidence from lipidomic studies suggests that these deleterious changes may be related to defects in lipid desaturation and elongation, and an augmentation of the de novo lipogenic pathway. These observations are consistent with mechanistic studies implicating saturated fatty acids and associated bioactive lipid intermediates (ceramides, lysophosphatidylcholines and diacylglycerol) in the development of hepatic lipotoxicity and wider metabolic dysfunction, whilst monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids may exhibit a protective role. Future studies are needed to prospectively determine the relevance of hepatic lipid composition for hepatic and non‐hepatic morbidity and mortality; and to further evaluate the impact of therapeutic interventions such as pharmacotherapy and lifestyle interventions.
Traumatic myiasis by Wohlfahrtia magnifica in sheep flocks from southeastern Spain: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Remesar S. , Otero J. L. , Panadero R. , Díez‐Baños P. , Díaz P. , García‐Díos D. , Martínez‐Calabuig N. , Morrondo M. P. , Alonso F. , López C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is an obligate myiasis‐causing fly of livestock that is widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin. A total of 73 683 sheep from 122 flocks in Albacete Province (southeastern [SE] Spain) were examined to detect active traumatic myiasis. The influence of several individual and flock factors on the prevalence was also assessed. The overall flock prevalence of traumatic myiasis was 95.9%, with an individual prevalence of 7.1%. Wohlfahrtia magnifica was identified in all of the positive animals except one that was infested by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Adults of both genders showed a higher risk of infestation than juveniles, whereas males of all ages displayed an increased risk of infestation than females of all ages; the existence of a lambing building on the farm, poor husbandry facilities and the location area were also identified as risk factors. Prevalence was highest in the summer, and the fly season lasted from March to November. Genitalia were the main location of infestation in males (94.4%) and females (76.3%). Our results reveal that traumatic myiasis by W. magnifica is widespread in southeastern Spain, hence preventive measures minimizing the attractiveness of sheep to gravid flies are necessary to avoid health and welfare problems and significant production losses in sheep flocks.
A nationwide survey of episodic ataxia in Japan
Authors: Kubota Tomoya , Hama Manami , Sugiura Yoshihiro , Takahashi Yuji , Ishikawa Kinya , Mizusawa Hidehiro , Takahashi Masanori P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpisodic ataxia (EA) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by recurrent cerebellar ataxic attacks. Given the limited number of EA case reports in Japan, the current status of EA medical conditions has become obscure, including the number of patients genetically confirmed to have EA and the clinical care these patients received.AimWe aimed to address the current status of EA medical conditions in Japan by investigating the total number of patients genetically confirmed to have the disease and their clinical characteristics.MethodsWe conducted a two‐step survey, primarily a nationwide survey using a round‐trip postcard for medical institutions expected to care for EA patients. As a secondary investigation, more detailed clinical information for each case was obtained using a written questionnaire. Furthermore, we explored the literature, including EA case reports in Japan.ResultsOur survey showed the clinical information of 20 EA type 2 (EA2) cases from 14 pedigrees, as confirmed by genetic analysis. In addition to cerebellar ataxic symptoms, clinical manifestations of the included patients were broad, including dizziness, balance disturbance, headache, epilepsy, and psychomotor developmental delay.ConclusionThe number of patients with genetically confirmed EAs is currently limited in Japan, and a significant number of them may remain undiagnosed. We believe that the development of diagnostic strategies for EA has clinical benefits.
Intragenic NF1 deletions in sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma
Authors: Riobello Cristina , Casanueva Muruais Rodrigo , Suárez‐Fernández Laura , García‐Marín Rocío , Cabal Virginia N. , Blanco‐Lorenzo Verónica , Franchi Alessandro , Laco Jan , López Fernando , Llorente José Luis , Hermsen Mario A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMucosal malignant melanoma (MMM) is a rare and aggressive tumor. Despite effective local therapies, tumor recurrence and metastasis remain frequent. The genetics of MMM remain incompletely understood. This study is aimed to identify actionable genetic alterations by next‐generation sequencing. Fifteen MMM samples were analyzed by next‐generation and Sanger sequencing. Gene copy number alterations were analyzed by MLPA. Mutation status was correlated with pERK, pAKT, and Ki‐67 expression and follow‐up data. Inactivating mutations and intragenic deletions in neurofibromatosis type‐1 (NF1) were identified in 3 and 2 cases, respectively, (in total 5/15, 33%) and activating mutations in NRAS and KRAS (3/15, 20%) cases. Other mutated genes included CDKN2A, APC, ATM, MITF, FGFR1, and FGFR2. BRAF and KIT mutations were not observed. Cases with NF1 alterations tended to have worse overall survival. The mutational status was not associated with pERK, pAKT, or Ki‐67 immunostaining. MMM carries frequent gene mutations activating the MAPK pathway, similar to cutaneous melanoma. In contrast, NF1 is the most frequently affected gene. Intragenic NF1 deletions have not been described before and may go undetected by sequencing studies. This finding is clinically relevant as NF1‐mutated melanomas have worse survival and could benefit from therapy with immune checkpoint and MEK inhibitors.