bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass on Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal, Nondiabetic Women
Authors: Beekman Kerensa M. , Akkerman Erik M. , Streekstra Geert J. , Veldhuis‐Vlug Annegreet G. , Acherman Yair , Gerdes Victor E. , den Heijer Martin , Maas Mario , Bravenboer Nathalie , Bisschop Peter H. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effect of bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss on bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal, nondiabetic women.MethodsA total of 14 postmenopausal, nondiabetic women with obesity who were scheduled for laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) were included in this study. Vertebral bone marrow fat signal fraction was determined by quantitative chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging, and vertebral volumetric BMD (vBMD) was determined by quantitative computed tomography before surgery and 3 and 12 months after surgery. Data were analyzed by linear mixed model.ResultsBody weight [mean (SD)] decreased after surgery from 108 (13) kg at baseline to 89 (12) kg at 3 months and 74 (11) kg at 12 months (P < 0.001). BMAT decreased after surgery from 51% (8%) at baseline to 50% (8%) at 3 months and 46% (7%) at 12 months (P = 0.004). vBMD decreased after surgery from 101 (26) mg/cm3 at baseline to 94 (28) mg/cm3 at 3 months (P = 0.003) and 94 (28) mg/cm3 at 12 months (P = 0.035). Changes in BMAT and vBMD were not correlated (ρ = −0.10 and P = 0.75). Calcium and vitamin D concentrations did not change after surgery.ConclusionsRYGB decreases both BMAT (after 12 months) and vBMD (both after 3 months and 12 months) in postmenopausal, nondiabetic women. Changes in BMAT and vBMD were not correlated. These findings suggest that BMAT does not contribute to bone loss following RYGB.
Smoothened loss is a characteristic of neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Lili , Li Haiying , Li Zhang , Li Ming , Tang Qi , Wu Chunxiao , Lu Zhiming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeHedgehog (Hh) signaling promotes castration‐resistant prostate cancer by supporting androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell development and growth; however, its role in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) has not yet been explored. In this study, we assessed the expression of key genes involved in Hh signaling in prostate cancer and investigated the potential role of smoothened (SMO) in the pathogenesis of NEPC.MethodsSix public datasets, each containing cases of prostate adenocarcinoma (AdPC) and NEPC, were analyzed to compare the differential messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of six classic Hh signaling genes. The SMO, synaptophysin, chromogranin A (CHGA) and androgen receptor (AR) proteins were evaluated in human tissues from 5 cases of NEPC, 2 cases of AdPC mixed with NEPC, 2 cases of AdPC with neuroendocrine differentiation and 22 cases of high‐grade AdPC as determined by an immunohistochemistry assay. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify relevant genetic signatures associated with SMO expression based on the public datasets. Stable SMO‐knockdown LNCaP and C4‐2B cells were established with a lentiviral system, and the expression of SMO, Gli1, AR, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), and REST was assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Secreted PSA in the conditioned medium was assessed by ELISA. Gli1 was ectopically expressed performed by the transfection of Gli1 complementary DNA into SMO‐knockdown LNCaP cells, and western blot was used to assess of AR and PSA expression.ResultsThe mRNA level of SMO was dramatically downregulated in NEPC samples compared with AdPC samples in all 6 public datasets. SMO protein loss was observed in 100% of NEPC samples but in only 9% (2 of 22) of high‐grade AdPC samples. GSEA results showed that SMO loss was closely correlated with AR signaling activity. Stable SMO knockdown significantly attenuated AR signaling activity and suppressed AR expression, while Gli1 overexpression partially reversed the inhibitory effects of SMO knockdown on AR signaling activity and AR expression in LNCaP and C4‐2B cells.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that SMO loss is a characteristic of NEPC and that detecting SMO by IHC could aid pathologists in NEPC diagnosis. SMO loss may promote NEPC pathogenesis by modulating AR signaling.
Genomic profiles and clinical outcomes in primary versus secondary metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Nizialek Emily , Lim Su Jin , Wang Hao , Isaacsson Velho Pedro , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical outcomes may differ among patients presenting with primary (de novo) metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) versus secondary (metachronous) mHSPC occurring after local therapy. It is unknown what molecular features distinguish these potentially distinct presentations.MethodsA single‐center retrospective study of mHSPC patients classified as primary mHSPC (n = 121) or secondary mHSPC (n = 106). A targeted set of genes was analyzed:BRCA2,PTEN,RB1,TP53,SPOP,CDK12, any two out ofPTEN/RB1/TP53alterations, and homologous recombination deficiency mutations.TP53mutations were categorized as loss‐of‐function (LOF) versus dominant‐negative (DN). The impacts of genetic features on progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsMedian PFS was 15 and 30 months for men with primary and secondary mHSPC, respectively (hazard ratio: 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.41–0.78;p < .01). OS did not show a significant difference between groups. There were more men with Gleason 8–10 disease in the primary versus secondary mHSPC groups (83% vs. 68%; p < .01). In univariate and multivariate analyses,TP53 DN mutations showed a statistically significant association with OS for the entire mHSPC population. Conversely,SPOPmutations were associated with improved OS. Additionally,TP53mutations (DN and LOF) were associated with worse OS for secondary mHSPC. A combination ofPTEN/RB1/TP53mutations was associated with worse OS and PFS for secondary mHSPC, while no genomic alteration affected outcomes for primary mHSPC.ConclusionsTP53DN mutations, but not allTP53alterations, were the strongest predictor of negative outcomes in men with mHSPC, whileSPOPmutations were associated with improved outcomes. In subgroup analyses, specific alterations were prognostic of outcomes in secondary, but not primary, mHSPC.
Suppression of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato infection by rhizosphere fungi
Authors: Elsharkawy Mohsen M , Khedr Amr A , Mehiar Farid , El‐Kady Elsayed M , Baazeem Alaa , Shimizu Masafumi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDInduced resistance against several plant pathogens was reported using different beneficial plant growth‐promoting microorganisms. The potential of five fungal isolates, Trichoderma harzianum GT 3‐2, Fusarium equiseti GF 18‐3, F. equiseti GF 19‐1, Phoma sp. GS 10‐1 and Phoma sp. GS 14‐1, to stimulate tomato growth and resistance against bacterial speck disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovar (pv.) tomato DC3000 was evaluated.RESULTSBased on the results of disease severity and growth promotion experiments, GF 18‐3 exhibited the best results among all fungal isolates. Treatment with barley grain inocula (BGI) and culture filtrate (CF) of the isolates promoted tomato growth and suppressed the pathogen in pot trials. Furthermore, expressions of the pathogenesis‐related genes (PR‐1, β‐1,3‐glucanase A, β‐1,3‐glucanase B and LOX) were relatively higher than the control in the leaves of tomato plants treated with both BGI and CF. The transcription levels remained consistently higher than the control plants for 6 days post‐inoculation with pathogen.CONCLUSIONTaken together, the results indicate that the tested fungal isolates have the potential to promote tomato growth and induce systemic resistance against the bacterial speck disease. Analysis of certain PR gene expression revealed significant activation in both BGI and CF treatments, leading to stimulated resistance against the pathogen. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of molibresib and its active metabolites in patients with solid tumors: A semimechanistic autoinduction model
Authors: Krishnatry Anu Shilpa , Voelkner Alexander , Dhar Arindam , Prohn Marita , Ferron‐Brady Geraldine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMolibresib (GSK525762) is an investigational, orally bioavailable, small‐molecule bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitor for the treatment of advanced solid tumors. Molibresib was initially evaluated in a first‐time‐in‐human (FTIH) study BET115521 consisting of two parts: Part 1 of the study (dose escalation) was conducted in 94 patients with nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma and other solid tumors, and Part 2 (expansion cohort) was conducted in 99 patients with different solid tumor types. Molibresib is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 enzymes to produce two major active metabolites that are equipotent to the parent molecule. The metabolites are measured together after full conversion of one to the other and reported as an active metabolite composite (GSK3529246). The molibresib pharmacokinetic (PK) profile has been characterized by a decrease in exposure over time, with the decrease more pronounced at higher doses, and accompanied by a slight increase of the metabolite concentrations. Autoinduction of molibresib metabolism was suspected and confirmed in vitro. Here we report the development of a semimechanistic liver‐compartment population PK model using PK data from the FTIH study, which adequately describes the autoinduction of molibresib clearance and the PK of both molibresib and GSK3529246. Covariate analysis indicated body weight had a significant effect on the volume of distribution of molibresib and GSK3529246, and higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase resulted in the lower clearance of GSK3529246. This model was used to simulate individual patient exposures based on covariate information for use in future alternative dosing strategies and exposure–response analyses.
Designing of cyanobenzene based small molecules with suitable photovoltaic parameters for organic solar cells
Authors: Khan Memoona , Jilani Faiza , Ayub Amna , Naseem Zubera , Ayub Ali Raza , Mahr Muhammad Shabir , Iqbal Javed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this research work, a theoretical analysis of the photovoltaic properties of nonfullerene organic solar cells is performed. Four molecules have been designed by incorporating different donor units around the central cyanobenzene based acceptor core through thiophene spacer by mimicking the structure of R. DFT and TD‐DFT have been used to explore the following properties of solar cell material: opto‐electronic properties, reorganization energy, transition density matrix, and open circuit voltage. The designed molecules have side groups triphenylamine (M1), 2‐(5‐(4 [diphenylamino]phenyl) thiophen‐2‐yl) acrylonitrile (M2), 4‐(5‐(ethynylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐N,N‐diphenylaniline (M3), and 4‐(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol‐4‐yl)‐N,N‐diphenylaniline (M4). Among all the designed molecules, M4 has shown bathochromic shift with λmax 663 nm due to extended conjugation between end‐capped donor units and central electron‐deficient core. Similarly, among all of the designed molecules M4 also shown lower mobility of electron (λe) and hole (λh) which are 0.0047 and 0.0050 eV, respectively, that are also comparable to R. The lower reorganization energy of M4 exhibits the higher transfer of charge among all other designed molecules. Moreover, the open circuit voltage of M4 was 1.56 eV according to that of PC61BM acceptor. Results showed that designed Acceptor‐π spacer‐Donor molecule opened a new pathway for the solar cell material with modified and advanced properties.
Prescribed time tracking control of constrained Euler–Lagrange systems: An adaptive proportional–integral solution
Authors: Cui Qian , Cao Hongwei , Wang Yujuan , Song Yongduan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMost autonomous systems can be described by Euler–Lagrange (EL) model. This article investigates the problem of prescribed time tracking control for EL systems in the presence of modeling uncertainties, prescribed performance requirements and time‐varying state constraints. Two proportional–integral (PI)‐like control schemes with time‐varying gains are developed with several favorable features: (1) achieving prescribed tracking precision within finite time in the presence of modeling uncertainties; (2) state constraints being obeyed all the time; (3) both the final tracking accuracy and the setting time being preassigned irrespective of initial condition or any other constraining parameter; and (4) bearing simple PI structure with analytical formula for robust‐adaptive tuning gains, and demanding inexpensive online computation. The benefits and effectiveness of the proposed control are also validated via numerical simulation.
In situ Sub‐Cellular Identification of Functional Amyloids in Bacteria and Archaea by Infrared Nanospectroscopy
Authors: Otzen Daniel E. , Dueholm Morten S. , Najarzadeh Zahra , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Ruggeri Francesco Simone 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFormation of amyloid structures is originally linked to human disease. However, amyloid materials are found extensively in the animal and bacterial world where they stabilize intra‐ and extra‐cellular environments like biofilms or cell envelopes. To date, functional amyloids have largely been studied using optical microscopy techniques in vivo, or after removal from their biological context for higher‐resolution studies in vitro. Furthermore, conventional microscopies only indirectly identify amyloids based on morphology or unspecific amyloid dyes. Here, the high chemical and spatial (≈20 nm) resolution of Infrared Nanospectroscopy (AFM‐IR) to investigate functional amyloid from Escherichia coli (curli), Pseudomonas (Fap), and the Archaea Methanosaeta (MspA) in situ is exploited. It is demonstrated that AFM‐IR identifies amyloid protein within single intact cells through their cross β‐sheet secondary structure, which has a unique spectroscopic signature in the amide I band of protein. Using this approach, nanoscale‐resolved chemical images and spectra of purified curli and Methanosaeta cell wall sheaths are provided. The results highlight significant differences in secondary structure between E. coli cells with and without curli. Taken together, these results suggest that AFM‐IR is a new and powerful label‐free tool for in situ investigations of the biophysical state of functional amyloid and biomolecules in general.
One species with a disjunct distribution or two with convergent evolution? Taxonomy of two South American garlics
Authors: Sassone Agostina B. , Arroyo Mary T.K. , Arroyo‐Leuenberger Silvia C. , García Nicolás , Román María José 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe establishment of species boundaries has been a difficult task for biologists since the beginning of classifications. Within South American Allioideae (= Alliaceae), the delimitation of genera and species has long been a major challenge. Consequently, species‐level nomenclature in these groups has been difficult to elucidate. Ipheion and Tristagma are two closely related South American genera for which the delimitation and circumscription of several species continue to be unclear. Tristagma sessile, a species inhabiting the Andes and the Coast Range in Chile, and Ipheion recurvifolium, a species native to Uruguay only found close to sea level, have been considered as one species with an intracontinental disjunct distribution. The divergent habitats and distributions of these taxa have stirred the question of whether they are a single species. The present study aims to elucidate the evolutionary relationships and status of the Chilean and Pampean taxa. We also analysed the name Tristagma leichtlinii, which has long been a source of confusion. Based on their phylogenetic relationships, geographical distributions, flowering periods, and DNA content, we conclude that the two taxa are different species and assignable to separate genera. We propose that the morphological similarity of Ipheion recurvifolium and Tristagma sessile, amply corroborated in this study, might be the sum of shared synapomorphies (between Ipheion and Tristagma) and convergent features. We update the biogeographic history of the two genera and propose that similar pollinators might underpin the convergence in floral traits. We outline the differences among genera and species, present a taxonomic review with a new lectotype and consider the conservation status of the studied species.
Delphinidin modulates JAK/STAT3 and MAPKinase signaling to induce apoptosis in HCT116 cells
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Pan Yan , Zhao Yan , Ren Mudan , Li Yarui , Lu Guifang , Wu Kaichun , He Shuixiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDelphinidin is an anthocyanin that belongs to the group of flavonoids that exert numerous biological activities. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of delphinidin remain poorly understood. In our study we analyzed delphinidin modulate STAT‐3 and MAPKinase signaling thereby inhbits cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. Our study demonstrated that delphinidin treatment significantly reduced the viability of human colon cancer HCT116 in a concentration‐dependent manner. We noticed that delphinidin effectively induced oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis by generating intracellular ROS, decreasing antioxidant levels, inducing lipid peroxidation, and single‐strand break on colon cancer cells. In this study, we observed that delphinidin treatment alters the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby induces apoptosis was closely associated with the induction of pro‐apoptotic Bax, Caspase‐ 3,8 & 9, cytochrome C, and inhibition of anti‐apoptotic protein expression. Studies on STAT‐3 and MAPKinase signaling showed delphinidin inhibited the phosphorylation of these transcription factors' activity. Inhibition of STAT‐3, p38, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and modulation pro‐apoptotic protein expression might be responsible for the anticancer activity of delphinidin in colon cancer cells.
Advances of nanomaterials‐based strategies for fighting against COVID‐19
Authors: Zeng Chunxi , Hou Xucheng , Bohmer Margaret , Dong Yizhou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has infected over 100 million people globally due to its high infectivity. After decades of efforts on the studies of nanomaterials, researchers have applied nanomaterials‐based strategies to combat the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). First, nanomaterials facilitate the development of easy, fast, and low‐cost diagnostic assays to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 and related biomarkers. Second, nanomaterials enable the efficient delivery of viral antigens to antigen‐presenting cells or serve as adjuvants in the host, leading to vaccine development at an unprecedented pace. Lastly, nanomaterials‐based treatments may inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 replication and reduce inflammation. Overall, nanomaterials have played important roles in controlling this COVID‐19 pandemic. Here, we provide a brief overview of the representative examples of nanomaterials‐based diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics in the fight against COVID‐19.
The effect of CRISPR constructs microinjection on the expression of developmental genes in Rag1 knocked‐out mice embryo
Authors: Salimi Maryam , Shirazi Abolfazl , Sineh Sepehr Koushan , Norouzian Mohsen , Ebrahimi Vahid , Mehravar Maryam , Majidi Mohammad , Mehrazar Mohammad M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite all the advances in the production of transgenic mice, the production efficiency of these animal models is still low. Given that the expression of developmental genes has a critical role in growth and development of embryo, we determined the expression pattern of pluripotency, trophectoderm and imprinting genes in the Rag1 (recombination‐activating gene 1) knocked‐out blastocysts resulting from microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9) constructs into the zygote cytoplasm of C57bl6 mice. Following microinjection, the embryos were cultured and the gene expression of developed blastocysts and natural blastocysts (Sham and control groups) were evaluated using real‐time PCR. The agarose gel to confirm the deletion in the Rag1 gene in Rag1 knocked‐out blastocyst. Our results showed that the expression of trophectoderm genes (‐TEAD‐4 and Cdx2), pluripotency genes (Nanog and Oct‐4) and imprinting gene (H19) in the Rag1 knocked‐out group was significantly lower compared with the embryos obtained from Natural fertilization. According to these findings, manipulation, embryo culture and microinjection of CRISPR constructs into the zygote cytoplasm of mice led to reduced expression of imprinting, pluripotency and trophectoderm genes. Therefore, the Rag1 knocked‐out embryos produced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system are of low quality, which reduces the chances of live birth in these animals and may cause various abnormalities in fetuses.
Effects of Amaranthus hypochondriacus supplementation during gestation and lactation on the apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, lactational feed intake, and litter performance in sows
Authors: Xia Jun , Chen Linlin , Huang Pengfei , Mou Qi , Yang Ying , Li Jiaming , Xu Minglang , Li Jianzhong , Yang Huansheng , Yin Yulong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Amaranthus hypochondriacus (AH) inclusion in the diets of gestating and lactating sows on the lactational feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of suckling piglets. During gestation, 40 multiparous Landrace sows were restrictively fed with either a control diet or a diet including 30% AH. Both diets had similar levels of digestible energy and crude protein, but the 30% AH diet had higher crude fibre levels than the control diet. After breeding, lactating sows were fed ad libitum with one of two isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets, either a control diet or a diet containing 10% AH. In gestating sows, AH supplementation was found to be associated with decreased digestibility of crude protein and dry matter (p < .001), resulting in lesser backfat depth (p < .001). However, in lactating sows, AH supplementation had little effect on digestibility and milk composition; moreover, it increased the feed intake (p < .001) and decreased backfat loss (p < .001) in sows. On the 21st day of lactation, suckling piglets in AH group showed significantly greater average daily gains (p < .001), and average body weight and litter weight significantly increased compared with sows fed the control diet. In conclusion, AH‐supplementation increased lactational feed intake in sows and improved the growth performance of suckling piglets.
Conformal Regge theory at finite boost
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Sandor Joshua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Operator Product Expansion is a useful tool to represent correlation functions. In this note we extend Conformal Regge theory to provide an exact OPE representation of Lorenzian four-point correlators in conformal field theory, valid even away from Regge limit. The representation extends convergence of the OPE by rewriting it as a double integral over continuous spins and dimensions, and features a novel “Regge block”. We test the formula in the conformal fishnet theory, where exact results involving nontrivial Regge trajectories are available.