bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intersection of race and socioeconomic status is associated with inflammation patterns during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Keenan‐Devlin Lauren S. , Smart Britney P. , Grobman William , Adam Emma K. , Freedman Alexa , Buss Claudia , Entringer Sonja , Miller Gregory E. , Borders Ann E. B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth rates are higher among individuals of lower socioeconomic status and non‐White race, which is possibly related to life‐course stressors. It is important to understand the underlying mechanisms of these health disparities, and inflammation is a possible pathway to explain the disparities in birth outcomes.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to determine whether patterns of inflammation differed by maternal race and socioeconomic status.Study designSeven hundred and forty‐four participants in a multi‐site, prospective study of pregnancy and birth outcomes provided biological and psychological data between 12′0‐20′6 weeks gestation. Participants with recent infection, fever, antibiotics or steroid treatment were excluded. Cytokines including INFɣ, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNFα, and the acute phase protein CRP were measured in serum and values and were log‐transformed for normality when appropriate, and a non‐orthogonal rotation (Oblimid) was performed to allow the extracted factor to inter‐correlate. IFNγ, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐6, TNF‐a, and IL‐13 loaded onto Inflammatory Factor 1 (IF‐1), while CRP and IL‐6 loaded onto Inflammatory Factor 2 (IF‐2). Race and education were collected via self‐report during an in‐person study visit. Multivariable models were used to determine the association of race and SES with IF‐1 and IF‐2 during the second trimester, and a mediation model was used to examine if inflammation is on the causal pathway. Models were adjusted for study site, prenatal age, pre‐pregnancy BMI, smoking during pregnancy, and gestational age at the time of blood collection.ResultsSix hundred and five participants were included in our final analysis, with 61.2% of low or moderate SES, and 35.5% identifying as a person of color (POC). Identifying as a POC, being of low and moderate SES, and being both low‐SES and POC or moderate‐SES and POC were associated with higher odds of preterm birth and lower birth weight percentile infants. Low SES POC participants had significantly higher IF‐1 and IF‐2 scores when compared to high‐SES White participants. Additionally, higher IF‐1 and IF‐2 were associated with shorter gestation. In the mediation analysis, we observed a significant direct effect of race/SES on preterm birth; however, the results did not support an indirect pathway where IF‐1 or IF‐2 acted as mediators.ConclusionMaternal race and SES are significantly associated with inflammatory biomarkers during pregnancy, and when race and SES are considered in combination, they are stronger predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes than when evaluated separately.
Individuals with higher economic insecurity manifest greater self‐serving bias
Authors: Li Chunkai , Tang Hongjuan , Zhang Weidong , Wang Xiaoyan , Zheng Li , Guo Xiuyan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEconomic insecurity refers to a state of uncertainty about one's financial situation. It could exert negative influence on one's psychological well‐being, such as threatening self‐esteem. Previous studies have documented that people are likely to protect themselves from psychological threat by evaluating themselves in flattering ways, such as manifesting the self‐serving bias. That is, people tend to endorse positive and isolate negative interpersonal events from themselves in attribution. In the present research, two studies were conducted to explore the difference of the self‐serving bias between people with high and low economic insecurity. In study 1, economic insecurity was operationalized indirectly by the number of job offer that college senior students have got in the graduate season. In study 2, one's sense of economic insecurity was measured directly through using the self‐report scale. Results showed that participants with high economic insecurity manifested greater self‐serving bias than that of participants with low economic insecurity (study 1 and 2). It suggests that the self‐serving bias might be a self‐protection strategy to cope with the psychological threats associated with economic insecurity.
Feasibility of using a tailored mesh in laparoscopic Sugarbaker parastomal hernia repair
Authors: Suwa Katsuhito , Ushigome Takuro , Enomoto Hiroya , Tsukazaki Yuhei , Takeuchi Nana , Okamoto Tomoyoshi , Eto Ken 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn parastomal hernia (PH) repair, laparoscopic Sugarbaker technique (LS) is considered the best practice; however, meshes specific for LS repairs ceased to be available.PurposeThe aim of the study was to evaluate feasibility of using a physician‐modified mesh (tailored mesh: TM) in LS.MethodsThirty‐three patients who underwent LS for PH between June 2012 and September 2021 were examined to compare surgical outcomes between LS with TM (n = 11) and with a ready‐made specific mesh (SM, n = 22). All meshes were coated plastic meshes. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test. P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsWe compared the outcomes of TM with SM in LS for similar hernia types during median follow‐up periods of 23 (range, 2–29) and 74 (range, 36–110) months (P < .0001), respectively. The median operation times were 146 (range, 45–423) for TM and 193 (range, 65–386) minutes for SM (P = .2301). Perioperative complications were observed in one TM patient (9%) and two SM patients (9%) (P = 1.0000). The lengths of postoperative stay were similar. Recurrence was observed in two cases in the SM group (9%) within 1 year after the operation.ConclusionIn LS, TM seems to be a feasible mesh comparable to SM within short‐ and mid‐term follow‐up.
Quantitative assessment of the exposure–efficacy relationship of glucocerebrosidase using Markovian elements in Gaucher patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Gras‐Colomer Elena , Mangas‐Sanjuán Víctor , Martínez‐Gómez María‐Amparo , Climente‐Martí Mónica , Merino‐Sanjuan Matilde 
Published: December 2021

AimsThe aims of this study are (i) to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of enzyme activity in Gaucher‐type 1 (GD1) patients after intravenous administration of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), and (ii) to establish an exposure–efficacy relationship for bone marrow infiltration to propose dose adjustments according to patient covariate values.MethodsA prospective follow‐up, semi‐experimental multi‐centre study was conducted in four hospitals to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of ERT in GD1 patients. Twenty‐five individuals with 266 glucocerebrosidase (GCase) observations in plasma and leukocytes and 14 individuals with 68 Spanish magnetic resonance imaging (S‐MRI) observations were enrolled.ResultsA two concatenated compartment model with zero‐order endogenous production and first‐order distribution (CL1 = 3.85 × 10−1 L/d) and elimination (CL2 = 1.25 L/d) allowed GCase observations in plasma and leukocytes to be described, respectively. An exponential time dependency (kT = 6.14 × 10−1 d−1) effect on CL1 was incorporated. The final exposure–efficacy model was a longitudinal logistic regression model with a first‐order Markov element. An Emax function (EC50 = 15.73 U/L and Emax = 2.33) linked steady‐state concentrations of GCase in leukocytes to the probability of transition across the different S‐MRI stages.ConclusionA population pharmacokinetic model successfully characterized the leukocyte activity–time profiles of GCase following intravenous administration of ERT in GD1 patients together with an exposure–efficacy relationship in bone marrow using Markovian elements. The information obtained from this study could be of high clinical relevance in individualization of ERT in GD1 patients, as this could lead to anticipative decision‐making regarding clinical response in bone and optimal dosing strategy.
Effective low–dose sirolimus regimen for kaposiform haemangioendothelioma with Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon in young infants
Authors: Harbers Veroniek E. M. , van der Salm Nathalie , Pegge Sjoert A. H. , van der Vleuten Carine J. M. , Verhoeven Bas H. , Vrancken Sabine L. A. G. , Schultze Kool Leo J. , Fuijkschot Joris , te Loo D. Maroeska M. W. M. 
Published: December 2021

AimsManagement of kaposiform haemangioendotheliomas (KHE) with Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon is challenging in young infants who are subjected to developmental pharmacokinetic changes. Sirolimus, sometimes combined with corticosteroids, can be used as an effective treatment of KHE. Simultaneously, toxicities such as interstitial pneumonitis related to the use of sirolimus may be fatal. As infants have a very low CYP3‐enzyme expression at birth, which rises during ageing, we hypothesize that a reduced metabolization of sirolimus might lead to high sirolimus serum levels and low dose may be sufficient without the side effects.MethodsA case series of 5 infants with kaposiform haemangioendothelioma with Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon was analysed retrospectively. All infants were treated with sirolimus 0.2 mg/m2 every 24 or 48 hours according to their age. Prednisone was added to the therapy for additional effect in 4 patients.ResultsIn all patients, low dose of sirolimus led to therapeutic sirolimus levels (4–6 ng/mL). All infants (aged 4 days–7 months) had a complete haematological response, without serious adverse events. In all patients, the Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon resolved, the coagulation profile normalized and tumour size reduction was seen.ConclusionLow‐dose sirolimus treatment is safe for infants with kaposiform haemangioendothelioma and Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon. It is essential to realize that during the first months of life, metabolism is still developing and enzymes necessary to metabolise drugs like sirolimus still have to mature. To avoid toxic levels, the sirolimus dosage should be based on age and the associated pharmacological developments.
Inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator (ICOS) and ICOS ligand are novel players in the multiple‐myeloma microenvironment
Authors: Boggio Elena , Gigliotti Casimiro Luca , Moia Riccardo , Scotta Annamaria , Crespi Ilaria , Boggione Paola , De Paoli Lorenzo , Deambrogi Clara , Garzaro Massimiliano , Vidali Matteo , Chiocchetti Annalisa , Stoppa Ian , Rolla Roberta , Dianzani Chiara , Monge Chiara , Clemente Nausicaa , Gaidano Gianluca , Dianzani Umberto 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator (ICOS) is a T‐cell receptor that, once bound to ICOS ligand (ICOSL) expressed on several cell types including the B‐cell lineage, plays a decisive role in adaptive immunity by regulating the interplay between B and T cells. In addition to its immunomodulatory functions, we have shown that ICOS/ICOSL signalling can inhibit the activity of osteoclasts, unveiling a novel mechanism of lymphocyte–bone cells interactions. ICOS and ICOSL can also be found as soluble forms, namely sICOS and sICOSL. Here we show that: (i) levels of sICOS and sICOSL are increased in multiple myeloma (MM) compared to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smouldering MM; (ii) levels of sICOS and sICOSL variably correlate with several markers of tumour burden; and (iii) sICOS levels tend to be higher in Durie–Salmon stage II/III versus stage I MM and correlate with overall survival as an independent variable. Moreover, surface ICOS and ICOSL are expressed in both myeloma cells and normal plasma cells, where they probably regulate different functional stages. Finally, ICOSL triggering inhibits the migration of myeloma cell lines in vitro and the growth of ICOSL+ MOPC‐21 myeloma cells in vivo. These results suggest that ICOS and ICOSL represent novel markers and therapeutic targets for MM.
A novel algorithmic approach to generate consensus treatment guidelines in adult acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Coats Thomas , Bean Daniel , Basset Aymeric , Sirkis Tamir , Brammeld Jonathan , Johnson Sean , Thomas Ian , Gilkes Amanda , Raj Kavita , Dennis Mike , Knapper Steve , Mehta Priyanka , Khwaja Asim , Hunter Hannah , Tauro Sudhir , Bowen David , Jones Gail , Dobson Richard , Russell Nigel , Dillon Richard 
Published: December 2021

SummaryInduction therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has changed with the approval of a number of new agents. Clinical guidelines can struggle to keep pace with an evolving treatment and evidence landscape and therefore identifying the most appropriate front‐line treatment is challenging for clinicians. Here, we combined drug eligibility criteria and genetic risk stratification into a digital format, allowing the full range of possible treatment eligibility scenarios to be defined. Using exemplar cases representing each of the 22 identified scenarios, we sought to generate consensus on treatment choice from a panel of nine aUK AML experts. We then analysed >2500 real‐world cases using the same algorithm, confirming the existence of 21/22 of these scenarios and demonstrating that our novel approach could generate a consensus AML induction treatment in 98% of cases. Our approach, driven by the use of decision trees, is an efficient way to develop consensus guidance rapidly and could be applied to other disease areas. It has the potential to be updated frequently to capture changes in eligibility criteria, novel therapies and emerging trial data. An interactive digital version of the consensus guideline is available.
Cobalamin F deficiency in a girl with severe skin hyperpigmentation and a homozygous LMBRD1 variant
Authors: Braz S. V. , Benicio R. A. , Tonelli G. S. S. S. , Báo S. N. , Moretti P. N. , Pic-Taylor A. , Oliveira S. F. , Acevedo A. C. , Costa I. M. C. , Mazzeu J. F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) is important in gastrulation, nervous system development and haemoglobin formation. Mutations of the ABCD4 or LMBRD1 genes can lead to cobalamin-related disorders. We report a patient with disseminated skin hyperpigmentation caused by a homozygous LMBRD1 variant. Genetic disorders of cobalamin metabolism caused by variants in the ABCD4 or LMBRD1 genes should be considered in patients presenting with cutaneous hyperpigmentation.
Click https://www.wileyhealthlearning.com/#/online-courses/a6ef1275-8325-4834-89d2-aa18fa31e63f for the corresponding questions to this CME article.
Glycomics reveal that ST6GAL1‐mediated sialylation regulates uterine lumen closure during implantation
Authors: Han Kun , Wang Feiyu , Yue Yulu , Tan Xihong , Tian Miao , Miao Yiliang , Zhao Shuhong , Dong Weijie , Yu Mei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesImplantation failure is a major cause of prenatal mortality. The uterine lumen closure contributes to embryo adhesion to the uterus, but its underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Our previous study has reported that endometrial fold extension can lead to uterine lumen closure in pigs. The objective of this study was to reveal molecular mechanisms of the uterine lumen closure by characterizing the molecular basis of the endometrial fold extension during implantation in pigs.Materials and methodsUterine and endometrium tissues during implantation were collected in pigs. MALDI‐TOF MS was used to characterize the N‐glycomic profiles. Histochemistry, siRNA transfection, Western blotting, lectin immumoprecipitation, mass spectrometry and assays of wounding healing and cell aggregation were performed to investigate the molecular basis.ResultsWe observed that uterine luminal epithelium (LE) migrated collectively during endometrial fold extension. For the first time, we identified a large number of N‐glycan compositions from endometrium during implantation using MALDI‐TOF MS. Notably, the α2,6‐linked sialic acid and ST6GAL1 were highly expressed in uterine LE when the endometrial folds extended greatly. Subsequently, the role of ST6GAL1‐mediated 2,6‐sialylation in collective epithelial migration was demonstrated. Finally, we found that ST6GAL1‐mediated α2,6‐sialylation of E‐cadherin may participate in collective migration of uterine LE.ConclusionsThe study reveals a mechanism of uterine lumen closure by identifying that ST6GAL1‐mediated α2,6‐sialylation of cell adhesion molecules contributes to endometrial fold extension through regulating collective migration of uterine LE.
Human hope and the reign of God
Authors: Jeanrond Werner G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the theological virtue of hope in relation to the Christian expectation of God's coming reign. Hope, as distinct from optimism and from all sorts of individualistic hopes, refers to God's gift of future. Hence, the tension between expecting God's coming reign, on the one hand, and the challenge of living constructively in the here and now, on the other hand, engages theological approaches to hope. It is argued that the divine gift of love, rather than faith, provides the main source of orientation for the Jewish and the Christian praxis of hope in this world. Faith is often understood in terms of assent to certain doctrinal definitions, while the other dimension of faith, God's offer of relationship, has moved to the background. Accepting love as guide to the Christian praxis of hope strengthens the relational nature of hope. No one can hope for herself or himself alone. The Gospels and the Pauline letters confirm the centrality of love for Christian discipleship. The article concludes with, first, a discussion of the contemporary challenge of migration; and, second, with a consideration of the connection between hope for personal fulfilment and hope for the future of the universe. Both examples point to a theology that is inspired by love and equipped to approach Christian discipleship in a spirit of hope.
Estimating the cost of type 1 diabetes in Ireland
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Gillespie Paddy , Hobbins Anna , Dinneen Sean F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes is a chronic disease, which given its existing and projected prevalence, is likely to pose a significant economic burden, both in terms of directs costs to the healthcare system and indirect costs to society. We aimed to estimate the economic burden of type 1 diabetes in Ireland, which at present, is unknown.MethodsA cost of illness study was undertaken to estimate the cost of type 1 diabetes in Ireland for 2018. Data for prevalence, morbidity, mortality, healthcare resource use, absenteeism, and unit costs were obtained from national, and where necessary, international sources. Direct healthcare costs were estimated for primary care, outpatient, emergency and inpatient care, for associated complications, structured education programmes, insulin and related care. Additionally, indirect costs from lost earnings due to premature death and employee absenteeism were estimated.ResultsType 1 diabetes was estimated to cost €129 million in Ireland in 2018, with direct healthcare costs accounting for €81.5 million or 63% and indirect costs for €47.5 million or 37% of the total. On average, this amounted to €3994 per patient in direct healthcare costs and €2326 per patient in indirect costs.ConclusionType 1 diabetes is a leading public health problem. Our study is the first to assess the economic burden of type 1 diabetes in Ireland, and our results should be informative to policymakers tasked with prioritising healthcare and research funding resource allocation.
MAKING THE CASE AGAINST PARAGRAPH 218: NARRATIVE AND DISCURSIVE STRATEGIES IN ELSE KIENLE'S FRAUEN: AUS DEM TAGEBUCH EINER ÄRZTIN★
Authors: Calvert Katherine E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article analyses Dr Else Kienle's 1932 text Frauen: Aus dem Tagebuch einer Ärztin within the context of the debates around women's access to abortion in Weimar Germany. Access to abortion was a widely debated topic in Weimar Germany and public demonstrations against Paragraph 218 of the Weimar penal code, which outlawed abortion, occurred following the 1931 arrest of Dr Kienle. I argue that, as a non‐partisan work written from the perspective of a practising doctor, Kienle's text offers an innovative contribution to these debates. While Kienle's arrest is frequently cited as a key moment in the Weimar abortion debates, her writing has received limited critical attention. My analysis of the literary and discursive strategies employed by Kienle in Frauen: Aus dem Tagebuch einer Ärztin reveals that Kienle goes beyond the arguments of the women's and socialist movements. Kienle's text should be read as an attempt to broaden the reach of the campaign against Paragraph 218. The book adopts an innovative and experience‐led approach, which reveals the medical, psychological, and social implications of limiting women's access to abortion, and which only re‐emerged in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1970s.
Antibiotic resistance patterns and therapeutic outcomes of pediatric Helicobacter pylori infection in a high‐migrant Singaporean cohort
Authors: Huang James Guoxian , Lim Si Ying Sheryl , Aw Marion Margaret , Quak Seng‐Hock 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundVariation in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) disease in terms of prevalence and antibiotic resistance prevails globally requiring a need to develop region‐specific surveillance. We aimed to assess the influence of immigration factors upon the interpretation of local Singaporean epidemiological trends in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and therapeutic outcomes in children with culture‐positive H. pylori.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed eradication outcomes of children with culture‐proven H. pylori infections between 2011 and 2020 at our center, and we also analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the corresponding H. pylori isolates. The cohort was classified into two groups: (1) Native Singaporeans and (2) Non‐native Singaporeans (First‐/Second‐generation immigrants and Non‐residents) to correlate with resistance patterns and eradication outcomes. H. pylori culture was done via Kirby‐Bauer disk diffusion for the era 2011–2016 and bioMérieux E test for 2016–2020.ResultsA total of 70 children (median age 14 [2–17] years) were included in the analysis. 42.9% (30/70) of the cohort displayed some form of antibiotic resistance; clarithromycin resistance was the most prevalent (30.0%), followed by metronidazole (27.5%) and amoxicillin (7.1%). Comparing to natives, non‐native Singaporeans were significantly younger at presentation (mean 11.7 vs. 13.7 years, p = 0.043), and a significantly higher proportion of non‐natives carried clarithromycin‐resistant (51.4% vs. 8.6%, p < 0.001), metronidazole‐resistant (47.1% vs. 8.6%, p < 0.001), or multidrug‐resistant (resistant to ≥2 drugs) (40.0% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001] strains. Non‐natives were significantly more likely to fail first‐line eradication therapy (48.5% failure vs. 23.3%, p = 0.038). The proportion of pan‐sensitive H. pylori was significantly lower in first‐generation (25.0%, p = 0.001) and second‐generation (42.9%, p = 0.018) immigrants compared to natives (82.86%). These conclusions did not vary when the analysis was repeated for each culture method.ConclusionsAn antibiotic susceptibility‐based approach should be advocated for all patients but especially so for non‐natives, who are at higher risk for antimicrobial resistant strains and poorer eradication outcomes.