bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of NMDA Receptors in Adult Neurogenesis and Normal Development of the Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Åmellem Ingrid , Yovianto Glen , Chong Hai Tarng , Nair Rajeevkumar Raveendran , Cnops Vanja , Thanawalla Ayesha , Tashiro (田代　歩) Ayumu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe NMDA receptors are a type of glutamate receptors, which is involved in neuronal function, plasticity and development in the mammalian brain. However, how the NMDA receptors contribute to adult neurogenesis and development of the dentate gyrus is unclear. In this study, we investigate this question by examining a region-specific knock-out mouse line that lacks the NR1 gene, which encodes the essential subunit of the NMDA receptors, in granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG-NR1KO mice). We found that the survival of newly-generated granule cells, cell proliferation and the size of the granule cell layer are significantly reduced in the dorsal dentate gyrus of adult DG-NR1KO mice. Our results also show a significant reduction in the number of immature neurons and in the volume of the granule cell layer, starting from three weeks of postnatal age. DG-NR1KO mice also showed impairment in the expression of an immediate early gene, Arc, and behavior during the novelty-suppressed feeding and open field test. These results suggest that the NMDA receptors in granule cells have a role in adult neurogenesis in the adult brain and contributes to the normal development of the dentate gyrus.
Peningkatan Kualitas dan Kemampuan Belajar Jarak Jauh Mahasiswa Universitas Terbuka
Authors: Maulidia Sri , Kuswanti Eko , Arisanty Melisa , Wiradharma Gunawan , Widiyanto Widiyanto 
Published: July 2021

Pembelajaran jarak jauh saat ini menjadi primadona untuk diikuti oleh semua orang. Kondisi pandemi Covid19 menjadi alasan mengapa banyak lembaga pendidikan akhirnya harus memutuskan untuk menerapkan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Saat lembaga pendidikan lainnya belum menerapkan belajar jarak jauh, Universitas Terbuka sudah sejak lama menerapkan belajar jarak jauh tersebut. Kunci sukses belajar jarak jauh adalah implementasi keterampilan belajar mandiri. Masalahnya, menerapkan belajar jauh tidak mudah bagi sebagian besar masyarakat, khususnya mahasiswa Universitas Terbuka sendiri. Terlebih mahasiswa Unversitas Terbuka berasal dari berbagai kalangan, dari kalangan pejabat pemerintah hingga ada juga anak jalanan yang sangat perlu perhatian dari berbagai pihak. Salah satu yayasan yaitu yayasan Rabbani Sufi Institut Indonesia adalah yayasan yang menaungi peningkatan kualitas hidup anak jalanan. Banyak dari anak jalanan yang dikuliahkan di Universitas Terbuka dengan harapan dalam menunjang kehidupan yang lebih baik. Terkait permasalahan pembelajaran jarak jauh, perlu adanya pelatihan peningkatan kualitas kemampuan atau keterampilan belajar jarak jauh sehingga nantinya mahasiswa yang berasal dari anak jalanan ini bisa sukses kuliah di Universitas Terbuka. Pelatihan ini memberikan kontribusi nyata dalam peningkatan motivasi dan kualitas kemampuan pembelajaran jarak jauh mahasiswa dari Yayasan Rabbani Sufi Institut Indonesia.
Waste management: a study on generating organic fertilizer from oil and grease trap systems
Authors: Rojas-Vargas Julián , Mora-Barrantes José , Herrera-Vargas Pablo , Arias-Zuñiga Vinicio 
Published: July 2021

The grease and oil trap systems (GOTS) of four university food service establishments (FSE) were assessed and treated to evaluate the potential use of the sludge collected to produce compost. The sludge collected from each FSE was kept in a drying bed for 30 days (SDB), during which time calcium oxide was frequently added for stabilization. The sludge deposited monthly was reduced to half after the drying process and was then deposited in a composter and mixed for a period of 22 days with constant agitation. The compost obtained was treated with degrading enzymes and was denominated enzymatic composting (EC), while the remaining compost was not treated with enzyme and was denominated non-enzymatic compost (NEC). The total composting cycle of the sludge lasted 83 days, during which time various physical and chemical analyzes were conducted in the three types of substrates (SDB, NEC, and EC). The total time of the research was 2.5 years. The percentages of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium suggest the use of the three substrates as organic fertilizer. A recommendation resulting from this research is to evaluate the sludge quality by mixing it with other substrates such as fruit peels with high nitrogen content and the sludge from wastewater treatment systems.
TIPOS DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN PERSONAS MAYORES CON OBESIDAD Y SÍNDROME METABÓLICO
Authors: Benavente-Marín J.C. , Pérez-López J. , Crespo-Oliva E. , Pérez-Farinós N. , Barón-López F.J. , Fernández-García J.C. , Wärnberg J. 
Published: July 2021

Un estilo de vida activo puede prevenir la mayoría de enfermedades crónicas. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las preferencias de tipos de actividad física en una población de alto riesgo cardiovascular, lo que permitirá optimizar el consejo profesional en poblaciones similares. La muestra de estudio está formada por 326 personas mayores, obesas y con síndrome metabólico del estudio PREDIMED-Plus de Málaga, a las que se preguntó en la visita basal qué tipo de ejercicio realizan. Las respuestas se estandardizaron y clasificaron. El 47,5 % (155) realiza caminatas deprisa. Tras la caminata, la “Calistenia, esfuerzo ligero o moderado” es el tipo de ejercicio más referido. En conclusión, las personas que refieren realizar algún tipo de ejercicio prefieren actividades de intensidad ligera a moderada, sencillas y/o dirigidas por un monitor. Algunos participantes refieren practicar ejercicio de mayor intensidad y complejidad, pudiendo ser una recomendación factible para personas de características similares.
Understanding Perceptions about Physically Active Lifestyles among Participants in a School-sponsored “Mothers in Movement Program” in an Inner-City Community
Authors: Álvarez Bogantes Carlos , Villalobos Víquez Grettel , Vargas Tenorio Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

This study is aimed at understanding perceptions regarding how physical activity impacts women who are participating in the Mothers in Movement program an initiative sponsored by two priority schools in Heredia, Costa Rica and also examines social support received by participants and their families. The goal was to obtain input to foster interventions towards increasing physical activity among sedentary adult women and their families. This study uses a qualitative approach, obtaining data through focus groups conducted among a sample of 22 persons who are stay-at-home mothers. The study results show that, at an intrapersonal level, women feel more successful and self-sufficient when they are physically active. They are also better able to control their expectations as well as their social, persuasion and modelling abilities. On an interpersonal level, participants turned to social, instrumental, emotional and informational support and companionship when deciding to engage in physical activity. Finally, at an organizational level, the school´s support in helping coordinate and execute this project was essential to promoting physical activity. This study highlighted the success of a socio-ecological model as a starting point to help sedentary mothers and their families lead more physically active lives.
Modelo de cuidados de enfermagem em cuidados paliativos: pesquisa convergente assistencial
Authors: Carvalho Gleyce Any Freire de Lima , AraÃºjo Anne Karoline Candido , Silva Marcela Paulino Moreira da , Enders Bertha Cruz 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Elaborar e validar um modelo de cuidados de enfermagem a pessoa em cuidados paliativos no contexto da AtenÃ§Ã£o Domiciliar. MÃ©todo: Estudo metodolÃ³gico Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial, com abordagem qualitativa.Â O cenÃ¡rio da pesquisa serÃ¡ o ServiÃ§o de AtenÃ§Ã£o Domiciliar MunicÃ­pio de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. ApÃ³s consentimento dos responsÃ¡veis pelo serviÃ§o, e aceite dos profissionais de enfermagem que serÃ£o incluÃ­dos no estudo, a pesquisadora acompanharÃ¡ as aÃ§Ãµes de enfermagem realizadas em domicÃ­lio por meio de um roteiro, diÃ¡rio de campo, entrevista e grupo focal. Na anÃ¡lise dos dados, serÃ¡ utilizado o auxilio do software Atlas Ti.1Â®. e a construÃ§Ã£o do modelo serÃ¡ ancorada na teoria do conforto de Kolcaba. Resultados: espera-se que o modelo elaborado e validado junto aos profissionais possa contribuir com a prÃ¡tica de enfermagem a pessoa em cuidados paliativos no domicilio.
Dialogs of a hybrid world
Authors: Chekletsov V. V. 
Published: July 2021

The article is based on reports and discussions held during three online events organized by the Russian Research Center for the Internet of Things together with the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of South-West State University during 2021: an open discussion with the famous transhumanist philosopher David Pearce dedicated to the birthday of Jeremiah Bentham on February 15, a round table dedicated to the World Internet of Things Day on April 9, and a session within the first IoT Hot Spots conference on June 16.The main topics for discussion this year were the consideration of the following philosophical and socio-cultural problems and concepts in the light of the development of cyberphysical systems: anthropological differences between the «posthuman» and «metahuman» projects, epistemological aspects of bio- and cybersemiotics in modern hybrid techno-social networks, the cultural dimension of remote proximity in the digital age, the ontology of the quantum complexity of the digital multiverse, the ethical dimensions of the digital economy in the post-covid period, the aesthetics of metamodernism in the smart city, the anthropocene effects of silicon addiction and the race of computing, socio-philosophical problems of management in situations of high uncertainty, political strategies for sustainable development.
Movement-Based Therapies for Resettled Refugee Populations in the United States
Authors: Kumar Gayathri S. , Soffer Gwen , Begg Danielle 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Persons who are refugees may experience mental health concerns, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, due to multiple layers of trauma experienced before, during, and after fleeing their country of origin. Although several health system– and community-based mental health interventions have been found to be effective in improving mental health outcomes among persons who are refugees in the United States, these services are underutilized among refugees. Movement-based and mind body–focused practices, such as yoga, may play an important role as complementary mental health supports for refugees. Data on the effectiveness of these practices in these populations are limited, and further research is needed. However, these practices can still be introduced in a safe way by trained professionals and offered as adjunctive therapeutic approaches to traditional Western psychotherapy options. We offer recommendations for clinical providers working with persons who are refugees and for movement-based facilitators and therapists on how to introduce these practices to resettled refugee populations in the United States.
Atmospheric refraction effects in space vehicle tracking
Authors: Bowers R. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Refraction of radio waves in the atmosphere is becoming a topic of increasing concern to space scientists as tracking systems of extremely high precision are put into operation. Already ray bending and retardation of signal are many times greater than instrumental inaccuracies in measuring arrival time and elevation angle at the various tracking sites.
A number of methods are presently in use for computation of the effects of atmospheric refraction on tracker measurements but all which have come to the writer's attention involve interpolation from tables, double precision methods on digital computers, or needlessly involved formulation.
In this paper the mathematics of earthquake seismology are used to derive new analytic expressions for the effects of atmospheric refraction on the measurements of conventional radio frequency tracking devices. These expressions are concise, accurate, and rapidly evaluated in single precision. Expressions are also derived for the effects of refraction on time derivatives of the measurements, a subject which is virtually ignored in the literature.
The effect of rupture velocity upon seismic first motions
Authors: Savage J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effect of rupture velocity upon the first motion radiated by seismic sources is to multiply the radiation pattern by a scalar factor. This modulating function is F1 = ζ/(1 − (ζ/c) cosψ) for unilateral dislocations and F2 = 2ζ/(1 − (ζ/c)2 cos2ψ) for bilateral dislocations; here ζ and c are the velocities of rupture and wave propagation respectively and ψ is the angle between the direction of rupture propagation and the radius vector to the observer. It is presumed that ζ &gt; c. This result constitutes a correction to the first motion theories of Knopoff and Gilbert. The relation of the first motion to the complete response is shown by a sample calculation. It is concluded that the amplitude of the first half cycle of trace displacement on a seismogram is probably a valid measure of the first motion at least for major shallow-focus earthquakes.
The effect of ground transmission time on the response of long structures
Authors: Bogdanoff J. L. , Goldberg J. E. , Schiff A. J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The influence of the transmission time of a seismic-like ground disturbance upon the response of a long structure is studied. The responses are evaluated in terms of extreme value statistics.
In view of the simplicity of the bridge model and the fact that only one numerical example was considered, the only conclusion which can be advanced at this moment is that the transmission time of a seismic disturbance should not be ignored when considering the response and safety of a long structure.
Ray theory for energy transmission in snow
Authors: Brown Jerry W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the transmission of compressional waves originated by a point source at the surface of a half-space of snow. The seismic velocity of snow is assumed to be a function of only one of the space coordinates, the depth. An expression is derived from field data to show this dependence. An analysis of the rays based on Snell's law provides equations that show the ray paths of the energy and the arrival time of the energy at any point on its particular ray. The rays are graphed for several different angles of entry. The equation for arrival times is evaluated at several points in the snow, and the results compared with measured arrival times at these points. The measured times were taken from field data gathered (near Camp Century, Greenland) by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. An equation is developed for the attenuation of intensity with horizontal distance from the explosion.
An earthquake recorded at Sea
Authors: Birch F. S. 
Published: July 2021

abstract
On October 23, 1964, a seaquake was recorded on the R/V CHAIN at 01h-56m-14.5s Greenwich Mean Time. The position of the ship was 19°57′N, 55° 30′W. The record shows arrivals in fair agreement with those calculated for an average oceanic crust.
Vibrational characteristics of an earth dam
Authors: Keightley W. O. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An earth dam was excited into vibrations, in the upstream-downstream direction, by four rotating eccentric-mass vibration generators which were operated on the crest. Natural frequencies, mode shapes, and equivalent viscous modal damping constants of the dam were revealed by the forced vibrations. A theoretical analysis of the dam, based on consideration of shearing deformations only, shows moderately good agreement with the behavior which was observed at the lower frequencies.
Terrestrial spectroscopy following the Rat Island earthquake
Authors: Nowroozi Ali A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fourier analysis of the four-component strain recordings at Ogdensburg, New Jersey, after the Rat Island earthquake of February 4, 1965, has yielded spectra of the earth oscillations.
Three horizontal components were used to calculate synthetic longitudinal, transverse, and shearing strain components. Analysis of the different components or their combinations yielded spectra of the torsional and spheroidal oscillations. The spectral peaks corresponding to l = 3 through l = 24 were resolved and were significantly above the 95 per cent confidence level.
The novelty of this analysis is the appearance of 9 first overtones and 8 second overtones of the spheroidal oscillations from cross-correlation of two sections of the vertical component of the strain recording. The observed periods are compared to theoretical periods of four earth models: M1 of Landisman; R1 of Dorman; Jeffreys-Bullen B; and Gutenberg-Bullen A. The M1 and R1 models gave the most satisfactory agreement with the observations of the fundamental modes, whereas the Jeffreys-Bullen B model had a better agreement with the observations of the overtones than other models considered.
Assuming the azimuthal order number, m, of the source as a combination of m = 0, m = 1, and m = 2, the variations of the spectral amplitudes at Ogdensburg indicated that the main contributing component of the azimuthal order number of the source was not only zero, but it was 1 for the modes corresponding to l = 2,4,7,9,12, and 2 for the modes corresponding to l = 3, 5,6,8,10, and 13.
Numerical experiments in the estimation of frequency-wavenumber spectra of seismic events using linear arrays
Authors: Linville A. Frank , Laster Stanley J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Studies in the measurement of frequency-wavenumber spectra of transient events have been conducted using theoretical and analog model data recorded along a 21-element, inline array. Straightforward numerical transformation, assuming space stationarity, gives good definition of the dominant (Rayleigh) mode, but little information concerning higher modes. The presence of spatial non-stationarity due primarily to cross correlation between modes complicates the fine structure of the spectral estimate. Averaging over redundant space lags is necessary to remove this. Additional difficulties arise from side lobes due to use of the finite length array. The amplitude of the side lobes can be reduced by using a space lag window. In the present case this gives indications of the higher modes, but these indications are so ill-defined as to be useless for determining dispersion. The effects of amplitude deviations between channels are also studied.
The effects of an oscillatory source in a spherical layer surrounding a liquid core
Authors: Martinek Johann , Thielman Henry P. , Huebschman Eugene C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
For a model consisting of a single spherical elastic layer which surrounds a liquid core, we consider an SH source located inside the elastic layer, such that the field created by the potential due to the source is axial symmetric and of steady state. The effect of gravity is neglected. The object of this study is to bring the solution into a form which permits ultimate computation of the effect of diffraction on the layer.
Shear-coupled higher mode seismic surface waves
Authors: Crampin Stuart 
Published: July 2021

abstractSome higher mode wave trains with irregular dispersion, and some anomalies in the S-wave motion at epicentral distances less than 30°, are shown to be shear-coupled higher modes. The group velocities along the higher mode portions of the paths agree well with observations of direct higher mode dispersion in Scandinavia.
Accelerograms—Parkfield earthquake
Authors: Cloud William K. , Perez Virgilio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Five accelerograms obtained during the main shock of the Parkfield earthquake series at locations adjacent to and within 10 miles of the trace of the San Andreas fault are presented together with limited analysis by electric analog methods. With one exception records from horizontal accelerometers are characterized by a short duration section of high acceleration. Adjacent to faulting an acceleration pulse of 0.5 gravity was recorded. Judged by a record from a station east of the fault on rock and a record from a station approximately the same distance west of the fault on alluvium, magnification of response spectra by alluvium was less than a factor of 3.
Fast programs for layered half-space problems
Authors: Randall M. J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Knopoff's matrix method for the solution of P-SV problems has been somewhat simplified and modified to take account of oceanic structures. Advantage has been taken of a method of separating the frequency-dependent operations from the matrix multiplications to obtain very fast computer programs for calculating Rayleigh dispersion, crustal reflection functions, and crustal transfer functions. Applications include Rayleigh dispersion inversion, QitR, inversion, crustal investigations using pP, crustal transfer corrections to amplitude observations, and the construction of synthetic seismograms for investigation of the source time-function.
The determination of periods in seismic records
Authors: Shimshoni M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A modification of standard methods to retrieve harmonic components in seismic signals is given. Variation in the number of terms in summation of harmonic components is suggested in order to obtain better suppression of “noise”. As a result of this modification, results are obtained whose accuracy is greater than was previously possible. The estimates of the errors are also more realistic. A numerical example is given and the results compare very favorably to those obtained without our modification.
The Maxwell bridge as a circuit element in electromagnetic feedback seismographs
Authors: Russell R. D. , Meldrum R. D. , Jensen O. G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The characteristics of a seismograph can be modified by the use of filters or by the application of negative feedback. Both methods provide the same basic signal to noise capabilities, and each has its particular advantages. The principal advantage of the feedback instrument is its flexibility and the possibility of linearity over a greater dynamic range.
The application of electrical feedback to a seismometer requires the creation of normally nonexistent electrical input terminals. By incorporating the seismometer into a balanced Maxwell impedance bridge, input terminals can be simulated and the feedback introduced through the bridge. With the use of such negative feedback, it is possible to control individually the effective mass, spring and damping constants of a seismometer. One instrument can thereby simulate seismometers of very different mechanical properties. For example, it is possible to increase the effective mass of a Willmore Mark I seismometer to well over one ton.
A feedback seismograph has been constructed using these principles and has been in continuous operation for nearly two years.
Transverse isotropy of the upper mantle in the vicinity of Pacific fracture zones
Authors: Crosson Robert S. , Christensen Nikolas I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Several recent investigations suggest that portions of the Earth's upper mantle behave anisotropically to seismic wave propagation. Since several types of anisotropy can produce azimuthal variations in Pn velocities, it is of particular geophysical interest to provide a framework for the recognition of the form or forms of anisotropy most likely to be manifest in the upper mantle. In this paper upper mantle material is assumed to possess the elastic properties of transversely isotropic media. Equations are presented which relate azimuthal variations in Pn velocities to the direction and angle of tilt of the symmetry axis of a transversely isotropic upper mantle. It is shown that the velocity data of Raitt and Shor taken near the Mendocino and Molokai fracture zones can be adequately explained by the assumption of transverse isotropy with a nearly horizontal symmetry axis.