bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Doxycycline Did Not Improve Early Postoperative Outcomes in Hip Arthroscopy Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Akhtar Zeeshan M. , Hunt Emily R. , Platt Brooks N. , Turner Alex L. , Jacobs Cale A. , Stone Austin V. , Duncan Stephen T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDoxycycline has been shown to reduce fibroblast activity in the treatment of multiple pathologies, and was utilized as part of the postoperative medication protocol to help prevent adhesions from developing after hip arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to compare early postoperative pain outcomes between consecutive case series of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) patients treated with or without a 7-day postoperative course of doxycycline following hip arthroscopy. We hypothesized that the doxycycline-treated group would have superior patient-reported outcomes at 6 weeks, and the effect would be more pronounced for patients with low preoperative mental health scores.Our institutional review board–approved prospective outcomes registry was queried for patients who had undergone arthroscopic femoral osteochondroplasty and/or labral repair or reconstruction secondary to FAIS performed by a single, fellowship-trained surgeon. A 7-day postoperative course of doxycycline was initiated in 2018. Six-week postoperative Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) global (HOOSglobal) and International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT) scores were compared between the consecutive series treated with versus without doxycycline. Additional subgroup analysis was performed on patients with low preoperative Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) mental component scores to determine possible additional benefit of postoperative doxycycline in this group.A total of 134 patients (98 female, 36 male, age = 36.2 ± 13.4 years, body mass index [BMI] = 27.2 ± 5 kg/m2) were identified between 2013 and 2020. There were no differences between the control (n = 84) and doxycycline group (n = 50) in age, sex, or BMI. Postoperative HOOSglobal scores (control = 58.5 ± 13.1, doxycycline = 58.7 ± 14.7, p = 0.96) and iHOT scores (control = 54.4 ± 22.2, doxycycline = 52.3 ± 24.8, p = 0.61) did not differ between groups. The subset of 83 patients with low preoperative mental scores showed no differences in HOOSglobal (control = 51.6 ± 13.3, doxycycline = 57.3 ± 7.4, p = 0.12) or iHOT scores (control = 45.5 ± 20.3, doxycycline = 53.6 ± 23.1, p = 0.250).Our results do not support the hypothesis that postoperative doxycycline leads to significant improvement in early postoperative pain scores or functional outcomes in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Gone Wrong: Endoscopic Closure to the Rescue
Authors: Dhar Jahnvi , Kumar Naveen , Gupta Pankaj , Kochhar Rakesh , Samanta Jayanta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is one of the most commonly performed endoscopic procedures and a first-line treatment for the establishment of enteral access in those with intolerance or contraindication to oral feedings. A small amount of pneumoperitoneum in the immediate postprocedure period is well reported after PEG tube placement. However, pneumoperitoneum resulting from displaced gastric bumper within 24 hours postprocedure is uncommon and rarely reported in the literature. Timely diagnosis and early endoscopic management can help tackle such an unusual complication.
Evaluating the Success of Decentralisation in Facilitating the Inclusion of Rwanda’s Marginalised
Authors: Goodwin Morag 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDecentralisation plays a key role in Rwanda’s efforts to overcome the violence and instability of the past by fostering national unity and by bringing governance closer to the people. This paper examines the impact of decentralisation on the feelings of inclusion of Rwanda’s most marginalised group, the Batwa. Drawing on a 4-year empirical project, our findings suggest that, despite impressive improvements in the living standards of the poorest and efforts to encourage participation in local decision making, many Twa do not feel included. This suggests that the government has not yet succeeded in creating downward accountability. We attribute this to two factors: continuing economic inequality and poor communication.
Affective computing scholarship and the rise of China: a view from 25 years of bibliometric data
Authors: Ho Manh-Tung , Mantello Peter , Nguyen Hong-Kong T. , Vuong Quan-Hoang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAffective computing, also known as emotional artificial intelligence (AI), is an emerging and cutting-edge field of AI research. It draws on computer science, engineering, psychology, physiology, and neuroscience to computationally model, track, and classify human emotions and affective states. While the US once dominated the field in terms of research and citation from 1995–2015, China is now emerging as a global contender in research output, claiming second place for the most cited country from 2016–2020. This article maps the rhizomatic growth and development of scientific publications devoted to emotion-sensing AI technologies. It employs a bibliometric analysis that identifies major national contributors and international alliances in the field over the past 25 years. Contrary to the ongoing political rhetoric of a new Cold War, we argue that there are in fact vibrant AI research alliances and ongoing collaborations between the West and China, especially with the US, despite competing interests and ethical concerns. Our observations of historical data indicate two major collaborative networks: the “US/Asia-Pacific cluster” consisting of the US, China, Singapore, Japan and the “European” cluster of Germany, the UK, and the Netherlands. Our analysis also uncovers a major shift in the focus of affective computing research away from diagnosis and detection of mental illnesses to more commercially viable applications in smart city design. The discussion notes the state-of-the-art techniques such as the ensemble method of symbolic and sub-symbolic AI as well as the absence of Russia in the list of top countries for scientific output.
Static and dynamic water structures at interfaces: A case study with focus on Pt(111)
Authors: Dávila López Alexandra C. , Eggert Thorben , Reuter Karsten , Hörmann Nicolas G. 
Published: November 2021

An accurate atomistic treatment of aqueous solid–liquid interfaces necessitates the explicit description of interfacial water ideally via ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Many applications, however, still rely on static interfacial water models, e.g., for the computation of (electro)chemical reaction barriers and focus on a single, prototypical structure. In this work, we systematically study the relation between density functional theory-derived static and dynamic interfacial water models with specific focus on the water–Pt(111) interface. We first introduce a general construction protocol for static 2D water layers on any substrate, which we apply to the low index surfaces of Pt. Subsequently, we compare these with structures from a broad selection of reference works based on the Smooth Overlap of Atomic Positions descriptor. The analysis reveals some structural overlap between static and dynamic water ensembles; however, static structures tend to overemphasize the in-plane hydrogen bonding network. This feature is especially pronounced for the widely used low-temperature hexagonal ice-like structure. In addition, a complex relation between structure, work function, and adsorption energy is observed, which suggests that the concentration on single, static water models might introduce systematic biases that are likely reduced by averaging over consistently created structural ensembles, as introduced here.
Photoionization from the Xe 4d orbitals of XeF2
Authors: Forbes R. , Hockett P. , Powis I. , Bozek J. D. , Holland D. M. P. , Pratt S. T. 
Published: November 2021

We present a comparison of the photoionization dynamics of the 4d shell of XeF2 from threshold to 250 eV to those of the prototypical 4d shell of atomic Xe. The new experimental data include spin–orbit and ligand-field-resolved partial cross sections, photoelectron angular distributions, branching fractions, and lifetime widths for the 4d-hole states. The spin–orbit branching fractions and angular distributions are remarkably similar to the corresponding distributions from atomic Xe across a broad energy interval that includes both the intense shape resonance in the f continuum and a Cooper minimum in the same channel. The angular distributions and branching fractions are also in reasonably good agreement with our first-principles theoretical calculations on XeF2. Data are also presented on the lifetime widths of the substate-resolved 4d-hole states of XeF2. While the trends in the widths are similar to those in the earlier experimental and theoretical work, the linewidths are considerably smaller than in the previous measurements, which may require some reinterpretation of the decay mechanism. Finally, we present new data and an analysis of the Auger electron spectra for ionization above the 4d thresholds and resonant Auger spectra for several pre-edge features.
Vectorial channeling as a mechanism for translational control by functional prions and condensates
Authors: Gu Xinyu , Schafer Nicholas P. , Wolynes Peter G. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Messenger RNA (mRNA)/protein assemblies such as functional prions and condensates are involved in locally regulating translation in eukaryotic cells. The mode of regulation depends on the structure of these assemblies. We show that the vectorial processive nature of translation can couple to transport via diffusion so as to repress or activate translation depending on the structure of the RNA protein assembly. We find that multiple factors including diffusivity changes and free energy biases in the assemblies can regulate the translation rate of mRNA by changing the balance between substrate recycling and competition between mRNAs. We mainly focus on the example of CPEB, a functional prion that has been implicated in the mechanism of synaptic plasticity of neurons and in memory.
Citrus dwarfing viroid. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: November 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for Citrus dwarfing viroid. Pospiviroidae: Apscaviroid. Hosts:
Citrus
spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia), Asia (China, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Iran, Israel, Japan, Laos, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey), Europe (Cyprus, Greece, Crete, Italy, Sicily, Spain), North America (Cuba, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, United States, California, Florida, Hawaii), Oceania (New Zealand), South America (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay).
Coniella granati
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: November 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Coniella granati
(Sacc.) Petr. & Syd. Sordariomycetes: Diaporthales: Schizoparmaceae. Host: pomegranate (
Punica granatum
), among others. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Kenya, South Africa, Tunisia), Asia (China, Anhui, Shaanxi, India, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Iran, Israel, Myanmar, Pakistan, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey), Europe (Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Spain, Ukraine), North America (Mexico, United States, California, Florida, North Carolina), South America (Argentina, Brazil).
Reducing deforestation and forest degradation in Democratic Republic of Congo: market-based conservation in a context of limited statehood
Authors: Reyniers Camille 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is an international mechanism linked to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. It has been described in the field of political ecology as the panacea of neoliberal nature conservation policies, in particular though the decreasing role of the state in the definition and implementation of forest policies in favour of market-based-mechanisms and non-governmental actors. The article explores the links between the privatisation of forest conservation and national sovereignty in the context of limited statehood through a case study in the Mai Ndombe province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It proposes an original approach combining African political anthropology with Franz Neumann's political economy analyses of the power of authoritarian states. It argues that this model of forest conservation uses carbon accounting and results-based payment, which privileges private actors for the design and implementation of REDD+ activities; it also paradoxically strengthens Congelese state legitimacy.
Work in agro-industry and the social reproduction of labour in Mozambique: contradictions in the current accumulation system
Authors: Ali Rosimina , Stevano Sara 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the tensions between job creation and employment quality in the system of accumulation in Mozambique. Addressing job quality is central because Mozambique’s economic structure has mostly failed to generate stable work and pay and dignified working conditions. However, this is neglected in the mainstream view of labour markets, which is dominated by dualisms and limited by its blind spot regarding social reproduction. The authors follow a political economy approach informed by a social reproduction lens and draw on original primary evidence on agro-industries. They argue that low-quality jobs reflect the current mode of organisation of production, in which companies’ profitability depends on access to cheap and disposable labour and relies on workers’ ability to engage in multiple, interdependent paid and unpaid forms of work to sustain themselves. Unless the co-constitutive interrelations between production and reproduction are understood and addressed, the fragmentation of livelihoods will intensify the social system crisis.
Sub-micrometer plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet localized by a nanopipette scanning probe microscope
Authors: Yamamoto Sho , Nakazawa Kenta , Ogino Akihisa , Iwata Futoshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We developed a localized plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) technique to deposit silicon oxide with a sub-micrometer width on a substrate using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) irradiated from a nanopipette nozzle. To realize fine material deposition, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) vapor was blown into the localized helium APPJ irradiated from the sub-micrometer aperture of the nanpopipette with the jet length limited to the aperture size of the nanopipette. The irradiation distance was controlled using a shear-force positioning technique using scanning probe microscopy (SPM). The proposed system successfully deposited silicon oxide dots with sub-micrometer width on a substrate. After the deposition, the topography of the deposited surface was observed by scanning the nanopipette, which can be used as an SPM probe. The localized PE-CVD properties were systematically investigated by varying the deposition parameters. The amount of deposited material could be controlled by the flow rate of the carrier gas of the HMDSO vapor, APPJ irradiation time, and nanopipette–substrate surface irradiation distance.
An energy-tunable positronium beam produced via photodetachment of positronium negative ions and its applications
Authors: Nagashima Yasuyuki , Michishio Koji , Chiari Luca , Nagata Yugo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Positronium is a bound state of one electron and one positron. It can be seen as the lightest neutral ‘atom’. It can also be seen as a neutralized electron or a neutralized positron. Since positronium is electrically neutral, special techniques are required to generate a variable energy beam of positronium. In recent years, it has become possible to efficiently generate positronium negative ions in which another electron is bound to positronium. It is possible to generate an energy-tunable positronium beam by accelerating positronium negative ions with an electric field and irradiating them with laser light to photodetach one electron. Generation of such a positronium beam has actually been realized, and applied research has begun. Here, we describe the energy-variable positronium beam generation, its applied research including the observation of the motion-induced resonance of positronium and the first measurement of the binding energy of positronium to one electron.
Seebeck effect in nanomagnets
Authors: Fedorov Dmitry V , Gradhand Martin , Tauber Katarina , Bauer Gerrit E W , Mertig Ingrid 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present a theory of the Seebeck effect in nanomagnets with dimensions smaller than the spin diffusion length, showing that the spin accumulation generated by a temperature gradient strongly affects the thermopower. We also identify a correction arising from the transverse temperature gradient induced by the anomalous Ettingshausen effect and an induced spin-heat accumulation gradient. The relevance of these effects for nanoscale magnets is illustrated by ab initio calculations on dilute magnetic alloys.
Investigating student understanding of a heat engine: a case study of a Stirling engine
Authors: Zhu Lilin , Xiang Gang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report on the study of student difficulties regarding a heat engine in the context of a Stirling cycle by the method of measurement. An in-class test about a Stirling engine with a regenerator was taken by three classes, and the students were asked to perform one of the most basic activities—calculate the efficiency of the heat engine. Our data indicate that quite a few students have not developed a robust conceptual understanding of basic engineering knowledge of the heat engine. Notably, the error ratio of the class given a simple tutorial of engineering knowledge is smaller than those of the other two classes by more than 20%. In addition, both the written answers and post-test interviews show that most of the students cannot associate Carnot’s theorem with a Stirling cycle. Our results suggest that both scientific and engineering knowledge are important and should be included in instructional approaches, especially in the thermodynamics course taught in the countries and regions with a tradition of not paying much attention to experimental education or engineering training.
Lung cancer subtype classification using histopathological images based on weakly supervised multi-instance learning
Authors: Zhao Lu , Xu Xiaowei , Hou Runping , Zhao Wangyuan , Zhong Hai , Teng Haohua , Han Yuchen , Fu Xiaolong , Sun Jianqi , Zhao Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. Subtype classification plays a guiding role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, due to the gigapixel of whole slide images (WSIs) and the absence of definitive morphological features, most automatic subtype classification methods for NSCLC require manually delineating the regions of interest (ROIs) on WSIs. Approach. In this paper, a weakly supervised framework is proposed for accurate subtype classification while freeing pathologists from pixel-level annotation. With respect to the characteristics of histopathological images, we design a two-stage structure with ROI localization and subtype classification. We first develop a method called multi-resolution expectation-maximization convolutional neural network (MR-EM-CNN) to locate ROIs for subsequent subtype classification. The EM algorithm is introduced to select the discriminative image patches for training a patch-wise network, with only WSI-wise labels available. A multi-resolution mechanism is designed for fine localization, similar to the coarse-to-fine process of manual pathological analysis. In the second stage, we build a novel hierarchical attention multi-scale network (HMS) for subtype classification. HMS can capture multi-scale features flexibly driven by the attention module and implement hierarchical features interaction. Results. Experimental results on the 1002-patient Cancer Genome Atlas dataset achieved an AUC of 0.9602 in the ROI localization and an AUC of 0.9671 for subtype classification. Significance. The proposed method shows superiority compared with other algorithms in the subtype classification of NSCLC. The proposed framework can also be extended to other classification tasks with WSIs.
Allostery and molecular stripping mechanism in profilin regulated actin filament growth
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Cao Yi , Li Wenfei , Wang Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Profilin is an actin-sequestering protein and plays key role in regulating the polarized growth of actin filament. Binding of profilin to monomeric actin (G-actin) allows continuous elongation at the barbed end (BE), but not the pointed end, of filament. How G-actin exchanges between the profilin-sequestered state and the filament state (F-actin) to support the BE elongation is not well understood. Here, we investigate the involved molecular mechanism by constructing a multi-basin energy landscape model and performing molecular simulations. We showed that the actin exchanging occurs by forming a ternary complex. The interactions arising from the BE binding drive the conformational change of the attached G-actin in the ternary complex from twist conformation to more flatten conformation without involving the change of nucleotide state, which in turn destabilizes the actin–profilin interface and promotes the profilin stripping event through allosteric coupling. We also showed that attachment of free profilin to the BE induces conformational change of the BE actin and facilitates its stripping from the filament. These results suggest a molecular stripping mechanism of the polarized actin filament growth dynamics controlled by the concentrations of the actin–profilin dimer and the free profilin, in which the allosteric feature of the monomeric actin plays crucial role.
Identifications of RR Lyrae Stars and Quasars from the Simulated Data of Mephisto-W Survey
Authors: Lei Lei , Chen Bing-Qiu , Li Jin-Da , Wu Jin-Tai , Jiang Si-Yi , Liu Xiao-Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We have investigated the feasibilities and accuracies of the identifications of RR Lyrae stars and quasars from the simulated data of the Multi-channel Photometric Survey Telescope (Mephisto) W Survey. Based on the variable sources light curve libraries from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 data and the observation history simulation from the Mephisto-W Survey Scheduler, we have simulated the uvgriz multi-band light curves of RR Lyrae stars, quasars and other variable sources for the first year observation of Mephisto W Survey. We have applied the ensemble machine learning algorithm Random Forest Classifier (RFC) to identify RR Lyrae stars and quasars, respectively. We build training and test samples and extract ∼150 features from the simulated light curves and train two RFCs respectively for the RR Lyrae star and quasar classification. We find that, our RFCs are able to select the RR Lyrae stars and quasars with remarkably high precision and completeness, with purity = 95.4% and completeness = 96.9% for the RR Lyrae RFC and purity = 91.4% and completeness = 90.2% for the quasar RFC. We have also derived relative importances of the extracted features utilized to classify RR Lyrae stars and quasars.