bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the mechanism by which the yeastPhaffia rhodozymaresponds adaptively to environmental, nutritional, and genetic cues
Authors: Flores-Cotera Luis B , Chávez-Cabrera Cipriano , Martínez-Cárdenas Anahi , Sánchez Sergio , García-Flores Oscar Ulises 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhaffia rhodozyma is a basidiomycetous yeast that synthesizes astaxanthin (ASX), which is a powerful and highly valuable antioxidant carotenoid pigment. P. rhodozyma cells accrue ASX and gain an intense red-pink coloration when faced with stressful conditions such as nutrient limitations (e.g., nitrogen or copper), the presence of toxic substances (e.g., antimycin A), or are affected by mutations in the genes that are involved in nitrogen metabolism or respiration. Since cellular accrual of ASX occurs under a wide variety of conditions, this yeast represents a valuable model for studying the growth conditions that entail oxidative stress for yeast cells. Recently, we proposed that ASX synthesis can be largely induced by conditions that lead to reduction–oxidation (redox) imbalances, particularly the state of the NADH/NAD+ couple together with an oxidative environment. In this work, we review the multiple known conditions that elicit ASX synthesis expanding on the data that we formerly examined. When considered alongside the Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, the study served to rationalize the induction of ASX synthesis and other adaptive cellular processes under a much broader set of conditions. Our aim was to propose an underlying mechanism that explains how a broad range of divergent conditions converge to induce ASX synthesis in P. rhodozyma. The mechanism that links the induction of ASX synthesis with the occurrence of NADH/NAD+ imbalances may help in understanding how other organisms detect any of a broad array of stimuli or gene mutations, and then adaptively respond to activate numerous compensatory cellular processes.
Minimally invasive open surgery (MIOS) for clinical stage I lung cancer: diversity in minimally invasive procedures
Authors: Nakagawa Kazuo , Yoshida Yukihiro , Yotsukura Masaya , Watanabe Shun-ichi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Many thoracic surgeons have tried to make lung cancer surgery less invasive. Among the minimally invasive approaches that are currently available, it is controversial which is optimal. Minimally invasive open surgery, i.e. hybrid video-assisted thoracic surgery, has been adopted for lung cancer surgery at our institute. The objective of this study was to evaluate minimally invasive open surgery in terms of perioperative outcomes over the most recent 5 years.

Methods
Between 2015 and 2019, 2738 patients underwent pulmonary resection for lung cancer at National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan. Among them, 2174 patients with clinical stage I lung cancer who underwent minimally invasive open surgery were included. Several perioperative parameters were evaluated.

Results
The patients consisted of 1092 men (50.2%) and 1082 women (49.8%). Lobectomy was performed in 1255 patients (57.7%), segmentectomy in 603 (27.7%) and wide wedge resection in 316 (14.5%). Median blood loss was 30 ml (interquartile range: 15–57 ml) for lobectomy, 17 ml (interquartile range: 10–31 ml) for segmentectomy and 5 ml (interquartile range: 2–10 ml) for wide wedge resection. Median operative time was 120 min (interquartile range: 104–139 min) for lobectomy, 109 min (interquartile range: 98–123 min) for segmentectomy and 59 min (interquartile range: 48–76 min) for wide wedge resection. Median length of postoperative hospital stay was 4 days (interquartile range: 3–5 days). The 30-day mortality rate was 0.08% for lobectomy, 0.17% for segmentectomy and 0.00% for wide wedge resection.

Conclusions
Minimally invasive open surgery for clinical stage I lung cancer is a feasible approach with a low mortality and a short hospital stay. Oncological outcomes need to be investigated.
Complying with Custom before the World Court: Towards a Relational Normativity
Authors: Vanhullebusch Matthias 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Traditionally, institutional constraints informed the International Court of Justice’s ascertainment of the (non-) existence of customary norms in its decisions as it signals impartiality to uphold its legitimacy. Its reliance on (non-)legal elements underpinning the sources of the normativity of existing and future customary norms upon which it rules goes beyond the mutual acceptance of treaties and customs by the conflicting parties as well as shared (nascent) moral values of the international community. Its denial of the application of customary international law based on functional and equitable arguments gives further evidence of the Court’s relational and contextual approach towards the peaceful resolution of disputes. In addition to its rule-based governance function, the Court is actively pursuing relational governance. It seeks to reconcile competing relationships and interests inside and outside the courtroom and anticipates if a fertile soil is present in which existing and future customary norms can gain root.
Dan Pagis’ Bilingual Poem ‘Ein Leben’ – An Ophthalmologic Poetics of German–Hebrew Eye Contact
Authors: Kühne Jan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hebrew–German homophonic translation as a poetic writing technique is a still largely unknown phenomenon in German–Hebrew Studies. In my research dedicated to mapping the diversity of multilingual modalities in modern German and Hebrew literature, I am particularly interested in German–Hebrew homophony. Thus, in my paper, I analyse German–Hebrew homophony in Pagis’ Hebrew poems ‘Ein Leben’ and ‘Written in Pencil in a Sealed Railway-Car’ (כתוב בעפרון בקרון החתום), while showing the deep impression that Ernst Jandl’s avant-garde poetry (‘oberflächenübersetzung’) has left upon Pagis’ oeuvre. In light of my homophonic analysis, I offer access to a hitherto unnoticed deep layer of German–Hebrew dialogue in Pagis’ poetry, which offers novel interpretations that are unique in the corpus of German-Jewish and Hebrew literature.
Clinical predictive models of invasive Candida infection: A systematic literature review
Authors: Rauseo Adriana M , Aljorayid Abdullah , Olsen Margaret A , Larson Lindsey , Lipsey Kim L , Powderly William G , Spec Andrej 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Clinical predictive models (CPM) serve to identify and categorize patients into risk categories to assist in treatment and intervention recommendations. Predictive accuracy and practicality of models varies depending on methods used for their development, and should be evaluated. The aim of this study was to summarize currently available CPM for invasive candidiasis, analyze their performance, and assess their suitability for use in clinical decision making. We identified studies that described the construction of a CPM for invasive candidiasis from PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, and Clinicaltrials.gov. Data extracted included: author, data source, study design, recruitment period, characteristics of study population, outcome types, predictor types, number of study participants and outcome events, modelling method, and list of predictors used in the final model. Calibration and discrimination in the derivative datasets were used to assess the performance of each model. Ten articles were identified in our search and included for full text review. Five models were developed using data from ICUs, and five models included all hospitalized patients. The findings of this review highlight the limitations of currently available models to predict invasive candidiasis, including lack of generalizability, difficulty in everyday clinical use, and overly optimistic performance. There are significant concerns regarding predictive performance and usability in every day practice of existing CPM to predict invasive candidiasis.
The time-dependent distribution of optical polarization angle changes in blazars
Authors: Kiehlmann S , Blinov D , Liodakis I , Pavlidou V , Readhead A C S , Angelakis E , Casadio C , Hovatta T , Kylafis N , Mahabal A , Mandarakas N , Myserlis I , Panopoulou G V , Pearson T J , Ramaprakash A , Reig P , Skalidis R , Słowikowska A , Tassis K , Zensus J A 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
At optical wavelengths, blazar Electric Vector Position Angle (EVPA) rotations linked with gamma-ray activity have been the subject of intense interest and systematic investigation for over a decade. One difficulty in the interpretation of EVPA rotations is the inherent 180° ambiguity in the measurements. It is therefore essential, when studying EVPA rotations, to ensure that the typical time-interval between successive observations – i.e. the cadence – is short enough to ensure that the correct modulo 180° value is selected. This optimal cadence depends on the maximum intrinsic EVPA rotation speed in blazars, which is currently not known. In this paper, we address the following questions for the RoboPol sample: What range of rotation speeds for rotations greater than 90° can we expect? What observation cadence is required to detect such rotations? Have rapid rotations been missed in EVPA rotation studies thus far? What fraction of data is affected by the ambiguity? And how likely are detected rotations affected by the ambiguity? We answer these questions with three seasons of optical polarimetric observations of a statistical sample of blazars sampled weekly with the RoboPol instrument and an additional season with daily observations. We model the distribution of EVPA changes on time-scales from 1–30 d and estimate the fraction of changes exceeding 90°. We show that at least daily observations are necessary to measure ${\gt}96{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of optical EVPA variability in the RoboPol sample of blazars correctly and that intraday observations are needed to measure the fastest rotations that have been seen thus far.
Galaxy Zoo DECaLS: Detailed visual morphology measurements from volunteers and deep learning for 314 000 galaxies
Authors: Walmsley Mike , Lintott Chris , Géron Tobias , Kruk Sandor , Krawczyk Coleman , Willett Kyle W , Bamford Steven , Kelvin Lee S , Fortson Lucy , Gal Yarin , Keel William , Masters Karen L , Mehta Vihang , Simmons Brooke D , Smethurst Rebecca , Smith Lewis , Baeten Elisabeth M , Macmillan Christine 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present Galaxy Zoo DECaLS: detailed visual morphological classifications for Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey images of galaxies within the SDSS DR8 footprint. Deeper DECaLS images (r = 23.6 versus r = 22.2 from SDSS) reveal spiral arms, weak bars, and tidal features not previously visible in SDSS imaging. To best exploit the greater depth of DECaLS images, volunteers select from a new set of answers designed to improve our sensitivity to mergers and bars. Galaxy Zoo volunteers provide 7.5 million individual classifications over 314 000 galaxies. 140 000 galaxies receive at least 30 classifications, sufficient to accurately measure detailed morphology like bars, and the remainder receive approximately 5. All classifications are used to train an ensemble of Bayesian convolutional neural networks (a state-of-the-art deep learning method) to predict posteriors for the detailed morphology of all 314 000 galaxies. We use active learning to focus our volunteer effort on the galaxies which, if labelled, would be most informative for training our ensemble. When measured against confident volunteer classifications, the trained networks are approximately 99 per cent accurate on every question. Morphology is a fundamental feature of every galaxy; our human and machine classifications are an accurate and detailed resource for understanding how galaxies evolve.
Discovery of a possible splashback feature in the intracluster light of MACS J1149.5+2223
Authors: Gonzalez Anthony H , George Tyler , Connor Thomas , Deason Alis , Donahue Megan , Montes Mireia , Zabludoff Ann I , Zaritsky Dennis 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of the intracluster light (ICL) in the Frontier Field Cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 (z = 0.544), which combines new and archival Hubble WFC3/IR imaging to provide continuous radial coverage out to 2.8 Mpc from the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). Employing careful treatment of potential systematic biases and using data at the largest radii to determine the background sky level, we reconstruct the surface brightness profile out to a radius of 2 Mpc. This radius is the largest to which the ICL has been measured for an individual cluster. Within this radius, we measure a total luminosity of 1.5 × 1013 L⊙ for the BCG plus ICL. From the profile and its logarithmic slope, we identify the transition from the BCG to ICL at r ∼ 70 kpc. Remarkably, we also detect an apparent inflection in the profile centred in the 1.2–1.7 Mpc (0.37–0.52 r200m) radial bin, a signature of an infall caustic in the stellar distribution. Based upon the shape and strength of the feature, we interpret it as potentially being at the splashback radius, although the radius is smaller than theoretical predictions. If this is the splashback radius, then it is the first such detection in the ICL and the first detection of the splashback radius for an individual cluster. Similar analyses should be possible with the other Frontier Field clusters, and eventually with clusters observed by the Euclid and Roman missions.
Early dynamics and violent relaxation of multimass rotating star clusters
Authors: Livernois Alexander , Vesperini Enrico , Tiongco Maria , Varri Anna Lisa , Dalessandro Emanuele 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a study aimed at exploring, by means of N-body simulations, the evolution of rotating multimass star clusters during the violent relaxation phase, in the presence of a weak external tidal field. We study the implications of the initial rotation and the presence of a mass spectrum for the violent relaxation dynamics and the final properties of the equilibria emerging at the end of this stage. Our simulations show a clear manifestation of the evolution towards spatial mass segregation and evolution towards energy equipartition during and at the end of the violent relaxation phase. We study the final rotational kinematics and show that massive stars tend to rotate more rapidly than low-mass stars around the axis of cluster rotation. Our analysis also reveals that during the violent relaxation phase, massive stars tend to preferentially segregate into orbits with angular momentum aligned with the cluster’s angular momentum, an effect previously found in the context of the long-term evolution of star clusters driven by two-body relaxation.
HiPERCAM: a quintuple-beam, high-speed optical imager on the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias
Authors: Dhillon V S , Bezawada N , Black M , Dixon S D , Gamble T , Gao X , Henry D M , Kerry P , Littlefair S P , Lunney D W , Marsh T R , Miller C , Parsons S G , Ashley R P , Breedt E , Brown A , Dyer M J , Green M J , Pelisoli I , Sahman D I , Wild J , Ives D J , Mehrgan L , Stegmeier J , Dubbeldam C M , Morris T J , Osborn J , Wilson R W , Casares J , Muñoz-Darias T , Pallé E , Rodríguez-Gil P , Shahbaz T , Torres M A P , de Ugarte Postigo A , Cabrera-Lavers A , Corradi R L M , Domínguez R D , García-Alvarez D 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
HiPERCAM is a portable, quintuple-beam optical imager that saw first light on the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) in 2018. The instrument uses re-imaging optics and four dichroic beamsplitters to record $u_{\rm s}\, g_{\rm s}\, r_{\rm s}\, i_{\rm s}\, z_{\rm s}$ (320–1060 nm) images simultaneously on its five CCD cameras, each of 3.1-arcmin (diagonal) field of view. The detectors in HiPERCAM are frame-transfer devices cooled thermo-electrically to 183 K, thereby allowing both long-exposure, deep imaging of faint targets, as well as high-speed (over 1000 windowed frames per second) imaging of rapidly varying targets. A comparison-star pick-off system in the telescope focal plane increases the effective field of view to 6.7 arcmin for differential photometry. Combining HiPERCAM with the world’s largest optical telescope enables the detection of astronomical sources to gs ∼ 23 in 1 s and gs ∼ 28 in 1 h. In this paper, we describe the scientific motivation behind HiPERCAM, present its design, report on its measured performance, and outline some planned enhancements.
Hybrid deep convolutional neural network with one-versus-one approach for solar flare prediction
Authors: Zheng Yanfang , Li Xuebao , Si Yingzhen , Qin Weishu , Tian Huifeng 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We propose a novel hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model with one-versus-one approach to forecast solar flare occurrence with the outputs of four classes (No-flare, C, M, and X) within 24 h. We train and test our model using the same data sets as in Zheng, Li & Wang, and then compare our results with previous models using the true skill statistic (TSS) as primary metric. The main results are as follows. (1) This is the first time that the CNN model in conjunction with one-versus-one approach is used in solar physics to make multiclass flare prediction. (2) In the four-class flare prediction, our model achieves quite high mean scores of TSS = 0.703, 0.489, 0.432, and 0.436 for No-flare, C, M, and X class, respectively, which are much better than or comparable to those of previous studies. In addition, our model obtains TSS scores of 0.703 ± 0.070 for ≥C-class and 0.739 ± 0.109 for ≥M-class predictions. (3) This is the first attempt to open the black-box CNN model to study the visualization of feature maps for interpreting the prediction model. Furthermore, the visualization results indicate that our model pays attention to the regions with strong gradient, strong intensity, high total intensity, and large range of the intensity in high-level feature maps. The median gradient and intensity, the total intensity, and the range of the intensity for high-level feature maps increase approximately with the increase of flare level.
Simulating a stellar contact binary merger – I. Stellar models
Authors: Hatfull Roger W M , Ivanova Natalia , Lombardi James C 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the initial conditions of a common envelope (CE) event resulting in a stellar merger. A merger’s dynamics could be understood through its light curve, but no synthetic light curve has yet been created for the full evolution. Using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code StarSmasher, we have created three-dimensional (3D) models of a 1.52 M⊙ star that is a plausible donor in the V1309 Sco progenitor. The integrated total energy profiles of our 3D models match their initial one-dimensional (1D) models to within a 0.1 per cent difference in the top 0.1 M⊙ of their envelopes. We have introduced a new method for obtaining radiative flux by linking intrinsically optically thick SPH particles to a single stellar envelope solution from a set of unique solutions. For the first time, we calculated our 3D models’ effective temperatures to within a few per cent of the initial 1D models, and found a corresponding improvement in luminosity by a factor of ≳106 compared to ray tracing. We let our highest resolution 3D model undergo Roche lobe overflow with a 0.16 M⊙ point-mass accretor (P ≃ 1.6 d) and found a bolometric magnitude variability amplitude of ∼0.3 – comparable to that of the V1309 Sco progenitor. Our 3D models are, in the top 0.1 M⊙ of the envelope and in terms of total energy, the most accurate models so far of the V1309 Sco donor star. A dynamical simulation that uses the initial conditions we presented in this paper can be used to create the first ever synthetic CE evolution light curve.
Discovery of multiple p-mode pulsation frequencies in the roAp star, HD 86181
Authors: Shi Fangfei , Kurtz Donald W , Holdsworth Daniel L , Saio Hideyuki , Cunha Margarida S , Zhang Huawei , Fu Jianning , Handler G 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the frequency analysis of a known roAp star, HD 86181 (TIC 469246567), with new inferences from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data. We derive the rotation frequency to be νrot = 0.48753 ± 0.00001 d−1. The pulsation frequency spectrum is rich, consisting of two doublets and one quintuplet, which we interpret to be oblique pulsation multiplets from consecutive, high-overtone dipole, quadrupole, and dipole modes. The central frequency of the quintuplet is 232.7701 d−1 (2.694 mHz). The phases of the sidelobes, the pulsation phase modulation, and a spherical harmonic decomposition all show that the quadrupole mode is distorted. Following the oblique pulsator model, we calculate the rotation inclination, i, and magnetic obliquity, β, of this star, which provide detailed information about the pulsation geometry. The i and β derived from the best fit of the pulsation amplitude and phase modulation to a theoretical model, including the magnetic field effect, slightly differ from those calculated for a pure quadrupole, indicating the contributions from ℓ = 4, 6, 8,... are small. Non-adiabatic models with different envelope convection conditions and physics configurations were considered for this star. It is shown that models with envelope convection almost fully suppressed can explain the excitation at the observed pulsation frequencies.
A study of superluminous stars with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope
Authors: de Menezes Raniere , Orlando Elena , Di Mauro Mattia , Strong Andrew 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The γ-ray emission from stars is induced by the interaction of cosmic rays with stellar atmospheres and photon fields. This emission is expected to come in two components: a stellar disc emission, where γ-rays are mainly produced in atmospheric showers generated by hadronic cosmic rays, and an extended halo emission, where the high density of soft photons in the surroundings of stars create a suitable environment for γ-ray production via inverse Compton (IC) scattering by cosmic ray electrons. Besides the Sun, no other disc or halo from single stars has ever been detected in γ-rays. However, by assuming a cosmic ray spectrum similar to that observed on Earth, the predicted γ-ray emission of superluminous stars, e.g. Betelgeuse and Rigel, could be high enough to be detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) after its first decade of operations. In this work, we use 12 yr of Fermi-LAT observations along with IC models to study nine superluminous nearby stars, both individually and via stacking analysis. Our results show no significant γ-ray emission, but allow us to restrict the stellar γ-ray fluxes to be on average &lt;3.3 × 10−11 ph cm−2 s−1 at a 3σ confidence level, which translates to an average local density of electrons in the surroundings of our targets to be less than twice of that observed for the Solar system.