bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positron emission tomography imaging with 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody reveals CD8+ cell infiltration during oncolytic virus therapy in a glioma murine model
Authors: Kasten Benjamin B. , Houson Hailey A. , Coleman Jennifer M. , Leavenworth Jianmei W. , Markert James M. , Wu Anna M. , Salazar Felix , Tavaré Richard , Massicano Adriana V. F. , Gillespie G. Yancey , Lapi Suzanne E. , Warram Jason M. , Sorace Anna G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDetermination of treatment response to immunotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a process which can take months. Detection of CD8+ T cell recruitment to the tumor with a noninvasive imaging modality such as positron emission tomography (PET) may allow for tumor characterization and early evaluation of therapeutic response to immunotherapy. In this study, we utilized 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody-PET to provide proof-of-concept to detect CD8+ T cell immune response to oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) M002 immunotherapy in a syngeneic GBM model. Immunocompetent mice (n = 16) were implanted intracranially with GSC005 GBM tumors, and treated with intratumoral injection of oHSV M002 or saline control. An additional non-tumor bearing cohort (n = 4) receiving oHSV M002 treatment was also evaluated. Mice were injected with 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody seven days post oHSV administration and imaged with a preclinical PET scanner. Standardized uptake value (SUV) was quantified. Ex vivo tissue analyses included autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. PET imaging showed significantly higher SUV in tumors which had been treated with M002 compared to those without M002 treatment (p = 0.0207) and the non-tumor bearing M002 treated group (p = 0.0021). Accumulation in target areas, especially the spleen, was significantly reduced by blocking with the non-labeled diabody (p < 0.001). Radioactive probe accumulation in brains was consistent with CD8+ cell trafficking patterns after oHSV treatment. This PET imaging strategy could aid in distinguishing responders from non-responders during immunotherapy of GBM.
Prediction of treatment outcome in burning mouth syndrome patients using machine learning based on clinical data
Authors: Kim Moon-Jong , Kim Pil-Jong , Kim Hong-Gee , Kho Hong-Seop 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to apply a machine learning approach to predict whether patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) respond to the initial approach and clonazepam therapy based on clinical data. Among the patients with the primary type of BMS who visited the clinic from 2006 to 2015, those treated with the initial approach of detailed explanation regarding home care instruction and use of oral topical lubricants, or who were prescribed clonazepam for a minimum of 1 month were included in this study. The clinical data and treatment outcomes were collected from medical records. Extreme Gradient-Boosted Decision Trees was used for machine learning algorithms to construct prediction models. Accuracy of the prediction models was evaluated and feature importance calculated. The accuracy of the prediction models for the initial approach and clonazepam therapy was 67.6% and 67.4%, respectively. Aggravating factors and psychological distress were important features in the prediction model for the initial approach, and intensity of symptoms before administration was the important feature in the prediction model for clonazepam therapy. In conclusion, the analysis of treatment outcomes in patients with BMS using a machine learning approach showed meaningful results of clinical applicability.
Enhanced sunlight driven photocatalytic activity of In2S3 nanosheets functionalized MoS2 nanoflowers heterostructures
Authors: Singh Jaspal , Soni R. K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVisible light-sensitive 2D-layered based photocatalytic systems have been proven one of the effective recent trends. We report the preparation of a 2D-layered based In2S3–MoS2 nanohybrid system through a facile hydrothermal method, capable of efficiently degrading of organic contaminants with remarkable efficiency. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results inferred the attachment of 2D-layered In2S3 sheets with the MoS2 nanoflakes. Field emission SEM studies with chemical mapping confirm the uniform distribution of Mo, In, and S atoms in the heterostructure, affirming sample uniformity. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy results confirm the appearance of 2H-MoS2 and β-In2S3 in the grown heterostructures. UV-DRS results reveal a significant improvement in the optical absorbance and significant bandgap narrowing (0.43 eV) in In2S3–MoS2 nanohybrid compared to pristine In2S3 nanosheets in the visible region. The effective bandgap narrowing facilitates the charge transfer between MoS2 and In2S3 and remarkably improves the synergistic effect. Effective bandgap engineering and improved optical absorption of In2S3–MoS2 nanohybrids are favorable for enhancing their charge separation and photocatalytic ability. The photocatalytic decomposition efficiency of the pristine In2S3 nanosheets and In2S3–MoS2 nanohybrids sample is determined by the decomposing of methylene blue and oxytetracycline molecules under natural sunlight. The optimized In2S3–MoS2 nanohybrids can decompose 97.67% of MB and 76.3% of OTC-HCl molecules solution in 8 min and 40 min of exposure of sunlight respectively. 2D-layered In2S3-MoS2 nanohybrids reveal the tremendous remediation performance towards chemical contaminations and pharmaceutical waste, which indicates their applicability in industrial and practical applications.
An ensemble learning approach to digital corona virus preliminary screening from cough sounds
Authors: Mohammed Emad A. , Keyhani Mohammad , Sanati-Nezhad Amir , Hejazi S. Hossein , Far Behrouz H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work develops a robust classifier for a COVID-19 pre-screening model from crowdsourced cough sound data. The crowdsourced cough recordings contain a variable number of coughs, with some input sound files more informative than the others. Accurate detection of COVID-19 from the sound datasets requires overcoming two main challenges (i) the variable number of coughs in each recording and (ii) the low number of COVID-positive cases compared to healthy coughs in the data. We use two open datasets of crowdsourced cough recordings and segment each cough recording into non-overlapping coughs. The segmentation enriches the original data without oversampling by splitting the original cough sound files into non-overlapping segments. Splitting the sound files enables us to increase the samples of the minority class (COVID-19) without changing the feature distribution of the COVID-19 samples resulted from applying oversampling techniques. Each cough sound segment is transformed into six image representations for further analyses. We conduct extensive experiments with shallow machine learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and pre-trained CNN models. The results of our models were compared to other recently published papers that apply machine learning to cough sound data for COVID-19 detection. Our method demonstrated a high performance using an ensemble model on the testing dataset with area under receiver operating characteristics curve = 0.77, precision = 0.80, recall = 0.71, F1 measure = 0.75, and Kappa = 0.53. The results show an improvement in the prediction accuracy of our COVID-19 pre-screening model compared to the other models.
Systematic reductive oligomerization of isocyanides with a vanadium(ii) complex
Authors: Hasegawa Sui , Ishida Yutaka , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

The vanadium(ii) complex is shown to mediate reductive oligomerization of aryl isocaynides, leading to formation of a dimer, trimers, and tetramers. The analogous reaction with alkyl isocyanides results in C–NC bond cleavage.
High thermal conductivity thermoplastic polyurethane/boron nitride/liquid metal composites: the role of the liquid bridge at the filler/filler interface
Authors: Ji Zemin , Liu Wenyi , Ouyang Chenguang , Li Yanbao 
Published: July 2021

Liquid metal as liquid bridging agent to connect heat fillers at the filler/filler interface plays a vital role to enchance thermal conductivity of polymer composite, which has a high TC of 2.64 ± 0.10 W m−1 K−1.
Prodrug of ICRF-193 provides promising protective effects against chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity in a rabbit modelin vivo
Authors: Kollárová-Brázdová Petra , Lenčová-Popelová Olga , Karabanovich Galina , Kocúrová-Lengvarská Júlia , Kubeš Jan , Váňová Nela , Mazurová Yvona , Adamcová Michaela , Jirkovská Anna , Holečková Magdalena , Šimůnek Tomáš , Štěrbová-Kovaříková Petra , Roh Jaroslav , Štěrba Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe anthracycline (ANT) anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin or daunorubicin (DAU) can cause serious myocardial injury and chronic cardiac dysfunction in cancer survivors. A bisdioxopiperazine agent dexrazoxane (DEX) has been developed as a cardioprotective drug to prevent these adverse events, but it is uncertain whether it is the best representative of the class. The present study used a rabbit model of chronic ANT cardiotoxicity to examine another bisdioxopiperazine compound called GK-667 (meso-(butane-2,3-diylbis(2,6-dioxopiperazine-4,1-diyl))bis(methylene)-bis(2-aminoacetate) hydrochloride), a water-soluble prodrug of ICRF-193 (meso-4,4′-(butan-2,3-diyl)bis(piperazine-2,6-dione)), as a potential cardioprotectant. The cardiotoxicity was induced by DAU (3 mg/kg, intravenously, weekly, 10 weeks), and GK-667 (1 or 5 mg/kg, intravenously) was administered before each DAU dose. The treatment with GK-667 was well tolerated and provided full protection against DAU-induced mortality and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (determined by echocardiography and LV catheterization). Markers of cardiac damage/dysfunction revealed minor cardiac damage in the group co-treated with GK-667 in the lower dose, whereas almost full protection was achieved with the higher dose. This was associated with similar prevention of DAU-induced dysregulation of redox and calcium homeostasis proteins. GK-667 dose-dependently prevented tumor suppressor p53 (p53)-mediated DNA damage response in the LV myocardium not only in the chronic experiment but also after single DAU administration. These effects appear essential for cardioprotection, presumably because of the topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) inhibition provided by its active metabolite ICRF-193. In addition, GK-667 administration did not alter the plasma pharmacokinetics of DAU and its main metabolite daunorubicinol (DAUol) in rabbits in vivo. Hence, GK-667 merits further investigation as a promising drug candidate for cardioprotection against chronic ANT cardiotoxicity.
Bistatic 3D SAR for wall parameter extraction in cluttered environments
Authors: Elgy James , Andre Daniel , Finnis Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThrough‐wall radar is an emergent technology rooted in urban surveillance, a key component being synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Accurate through‐wall SAR relies on knowledge of the refractive index and thickness of any obscuring walls. Such information is rarely known beforehand and is subject to change on a sample‐by‐sample basis. It is therefore necessary to obtain the material properties in conjunction with any SAR measurement. In this letter, a remote data‐driven asymmetric bistatic SAR approach is taken by means of matching the range to the direct back face reflection with an explicit geometry‐based model. The proposed method relies on an accurate knowledge of the bistatic measurement geometry. Using the bright reflection from the front face of the wall, a method for refining an estimate of the bistatic measurement geometry is proposed. This approach is extended to three‐dimensions to improve usability in heavily cluttered environments. This method is empirically validated using three‐dimensional SAR measurements of both a wall‐only, and a heavily cluttered scene. The method is shown to accurately extract both the refractive index and thickness of a concrete wall, with both measurements in agreement with each other and an independent validation measurement.
Modelling of a direct‐driven electromechanical actuation system based on the Lagrange–Maxwell equation
Authors: Long Yun , Du Jinhua , Yang Kun , Yuan Shangbin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study proposes an integrated non‐linear modelling method for an electromechanical actuation system directly driven by the switched reluctance motor (SDEMA). The mathematical model of the SDEMA system is established by energy analysis and calculation according to the proposed method, which omits the complex analysis of force or torque transmission in the cascade modelling method. By using the Lagrange–Maxwell equation and establishing the energy models of non‐linear factors that include the friction, backlash, and flexibility, both the electromechanical coupling effects and the non‐linear factors of the SDEMA system are considered simultaneously in the proposed method. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, three modelling methods of the SDEMA system are comparatively studied through the simulations and experiments. The results of the simulations and experiments indicate that the proposed integrative non‐linear model can reflect the dynamic performance of the SDEMA system more accurately.
Option‐based portfolio risk hedging strategy for gas generator based on mean‐variance utility model
Authors: Lai Shuying , Qiu Jing , Tao Yuechuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNatural gas generators are promising devices for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, gas generators encounter difficulties in the bid‐to‐sell process based on a relatively high levelised cost of energy for power generation. Therefore, a novel risk hedging strategy is developed based on the mean‐variance portfolio theory to reduce the operational risks of gas generators and enhance their profits. Three types of options are utilised and combined to form a portfolio of financial hedges: the short put option, long put option, and short call option. Two types of energy storage devices are used to facilitate the risk hedging process, namely power‐to‐gas and battery devices. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed risk hedging model can ensure higher profits for gas generators with reduced risk compared to the traditional risk hedging model and a model using only one type of option. Additionally, the varied risk preferences of gas generators lead to varied portfolio combinations. The more risk averse a gas generator, the more likely the long‐put option will be utilised. In contrast, the less risk averse a gas generator, the more likely that short calls will be utilised.
Compensation of negative sequence for a novel AC integrated power supply system of urban rail transit
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Wei , Li Qunzhan , Wu Bo , Liu Tongtong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the large‐scale increasing demand for passenger transportation, the alternating current (AC) 25 kV traction power supply system (TPSS) of electrified railway is introduced into the construction of urban rail transit in China instead of the direct current (DC) TPSS. In order to suppress the negative sequence current and cancel the neutral section at the exit of traction substation of the AC TPSS, a novel AC integrated power supply system (IPSS) of the urban rail transit based on single‐phase static var generator (SVG) is proposed, which the capacity of SVGs can be further reduced. The topology of the novel AC IPSS is introduced. By defining the constraint factors of negative sequence current and reactive power compensated, the comprehensive compensation model of negative sequence current and reactive power of the novel system is established based on the corresponding standards, which the full compensation and satisfactory compensation can be achieved. The method of determining the compensation scheme and the control strategy are proposed. Taking the actual data as an example, the effectiveness of the compensation scheme is proved. In addition, the correctness of the control strategy proposed is proved by simulation and experiment.
Aggregate dynamic modelling and optimal control in cellular electric energy systems
Authors: Hinners Holm , Contreras Sergio F. , Myrzik Johanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe large number of distributed generators, storages, and other devices which might be connected to the distribution grid pose significant modelling and control questions. It is computationally unattractive and sometimes infeasible to model and control all these devices individually; some method of aggregating them both for modelling and for control is appealing so that they can be represented collectively. It would also be preferable to limit the complexity of the controlled devices' dynamic behavior for easy integration with higher‐level (i.e., higher‐authority) controllers in the cascade. This paper describes a method combining these control goals based on geometric flexibility regions, constrained optimization, and transfer function considerations to enforce approximated first‐order transfer function behaviour at the bus. Time‐domain simulations are used for validation and demonstration.
Into the storm: diving into the winds of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76 b with HARPS and ESPRESSO
Authors: Seidel J. V. , Ehrenreich D. , Allart R. , Hoeijmakers H. J. , Lovis C. , Bourrier V. , Pino L. , Wyttenbach A. , Adibekyan V. , Alibert Y. , Borsa F. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Cristiani S. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Di Marcantonio P. , Figueira P. , González Hernández J. I. , Lillo-Box J. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Mehner A. , Molaro P. , Nunes N. J. , Palle E. , Pepe F. , Santos N. C. , Sousa S. G. , Sozzetti A. , Tabernero H. M. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Despite swift progress in the characterisation of exoplanet atmospheres in composition and structure, the study of atmospheric dynamics has not progressed at the same speed. While theoretical models have been developed to describe the lower layers of the atmosphere, and independently, the exosphere, little is known about the intermediate layers up to the thermosphere.
Aims. We aim to provide a clearer picture of atmospheric dynamics for the class of ultra-hot Jupiters, which are highly irradiated gas giants, based on the example of WASP-76 b.
Methods. We jointly analysed two datasets that were obtained with the HARPS and ESPRESSO spectrographs to interpret the resolved planetary sodium doublet. We then applied the MERC code, which retrieves wind patterns, speeds, and temperature profiles on the line shape of the sodium doublet. An updated version of MERC, with added planetary rotation, also provides the possibility of modelling the latitude dependence of the wind patterns.
Results. We retrieve the highest Bayesian evidence for an isothermal atmosphere, interpreted as a mean temperature of 3389 ± 227 K, a uniform day- to nightside wind of 5.5−2.0+1.4 km s−1 in the lower atmosphere with a vertical wind in the upper atmosphere of 22.7−4.1+4.9 km s−1, switching atmospheric wind patterns at 10−3 bar above the reference surface pressure (10 bar).
Conclusions. Our results for WASP-76 b are compatible with previous studies of the lower atmospheric dynamics of WASP-76 b and other ultra-hot Jupiters. They highlight the need for vertical winds in the intermediate atmosphere above the layers probed by global circulation model studies to explain the line broadening of the sodium doublet in this planet. This work demonstrates the capability of exploiting the resolved spectral line shapes to observationally constrain possible wind patterns in exoplanet atmospheres. This is an invaluable input to more sophisticated 3D atmospheric models in the future.
Influence of Smartphone Overuse on Grip Strength, Pinch Strength, and Cross-Sectional Area of Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon and Median Nerve
Authors: Samuel Paul Silvian , Alahmari Khalid A , Adam Mohamed , Reddy Ravi Shankar , Ahmad Irshad , Kakaraparthi Venkata Nagaraj , Rengaramanujam Kanagaraj , Tedla Jaya Shanker , Hussein Almohiy , Alshahrani Mastour Saeed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and Aim The adverse effects of smartphone size and weight on the hand and hand function have not been studied extensively. This study aimed to investigate the changes to the flexor pollicis longus tendon and median nerve using diagnostic ultrasound for high and low addiction smartphone users.Methodology In this cross-sectional study, 54 healthy male university students were divided into two groups according to the Smartphone Addiction Scale: high and low users. Demographic data, hand grip strength (kg), pinch strength (kg), and smartphone weight, length and width were measured and recorded. Diagnostic ultrasound examination determined the cross-sectional area of the median nerve (mm2) and flexor pollicis longus tendon (mm2) of the dominant and non-dominant hand.Result The cross-sectional area of the median nerve was significantly higher in the high-user group (7.4±1.3 mm2) than the low-user group (6.7±1.0 mm2). The correlation of phone weight, length and width with median nerve area was respectively positive, higher and significant (0.718, 0.747, and 0.733; p<0.05). The flexor pollicis longus tendon in the mid-thenar region was moderately positively correlated with phone length (0.430; p<0.02) for high addiction smartphone users.Conclusion The findings of the current study demonstrates that change to the median nerve and flexor pollicis longus tendon, could be linked to the width, weight and length of the smartphone and high addiction.
Regioselective Iodine/Zinc Exchange for the Selective Functionalization of Polyiodinated Arenes and Heterocycles in Toluene
Authors: Sanchez Florian , Desaintjean Alexandre , Knochel Paul , Danton Fanny 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRegioselective I/Zn-exchange reactions were performed on polyiodinated arenes or heterocycles within 20 minutes at 0–25 °C using the bimetallic combination pTol2Zn·2LiOR [R = (CH2)2N(Me)(CH2)2NMe2] in toluene. The resulting diaryl- or diheteroarylzincs reacted well with allylic bromides and acyl chlorides to provide functionalized (hetero)aryl iodides in good yields.
Oxidative Intramolecular C–C Bond Formation Reactions of 1,2-Diarylbenzenes: Syntheses of Highly Conjugated Double-Bridged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Sugiura Ken-ichi , Islam Md. Rafikul , Nishinaga Tohru , Hirabayashi Kazunori , Shimizu Toshio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOxidation reactions of 1,2-diarylbenzenes induce intramolecular C–C bond formation. The substrates studied were prepared by the stepwise Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction that introduced 2-naphthyl, 2-anthranyl, and 2-pyrenyl groups on the ortho-positions of benzene. The subsequent oxidation reaction with FeCl3 induced an oxidative C–C bond formation reaction in the interior regions of the molecules. In marked contrast to our previous observations, two C–C bonds were formed. Theoretical calculations indicated that large spin densities at the reaction positions of the bis(cation radical) and/or cation radical species are needed for the C–C bond formation. The π-expanded molecules obtained showed bathochromic shifts in the absorption spectra.