bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between plasma aldosterone and left ventricular structure and function in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Shevelok A. N. 
Published: March 2021

Aim. To study the relationship between plasma aldosterone level and left ventricular (LV) structure and function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Material and methods. This prospective study included 158 patients (58 men and 100 women, mean age, 62,3±7,4 years) with compensated HFpEF. Patients had no history of primary aldosteronism and did not use the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists during the last 6 weeks. The plasma aldosterone was determined by enzyme immunoassay in all patients and the severity of structural and functional cardiac changes was assessed. The concentration of 40160 pg/ml was considered the reference values. Assessment of cardiac structure and function was carried out using transthoracic echocardiography.Results. According to the laboratory results, all patients were divided into two groups: group 1 — 99 (62,7%) patients (95% confidence interval (CI), 55,0-70,0%) with normal aldosterone levels; group 2 — 59 (37,3%) patients (95% Cl, 30,0-45,0%) with hyperaldosteronism. End-diastolic volume, left atrial volume, LV mass index, severity of LV diastolic dysfunction and the prevalence of concentric hypertrophy were significantly higher in group 2 patients compared with group 1 (p<0,05 for all). Blood aldosterone levels positively correlated with E/e’ (r=0,63, p<0,001). Regression analysis, adjusted for age and comorbidity, demonstrated that plasma aldosterone levels were closely associated with E/e’ (odds ratio, 3,42; 95% CI, 1,65-9,64, p=0,001) and LV concentric hypertrophy (odds ratio, 1,12; 95% CI, 1,08-3,16, p=0,042).Conclusion. The development of secondary hyperaldosteronism in patients with HFpEF is an independent predictor of LV diastolic dysfunction and unfavorable prognostic types of LV remodeling.
Prognostic significance of atherosclerosis of one or two vascular systems in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Genkel V. V. , Kuznetsova A. S. , Lebedev E. V. , Shaposhnik I. I. 
Published: March 2021

Aim.To study the prognostic significance of atherosclerosis of one and several vascular systems in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk (CVR).Material and methods. The study included 171 patients with high (26,9%) and very high (73,1%) CVR. All patients underwent duplex ultrasound of the carotid and lower limb arteries. The composite endpoint (CE) was cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and coronary revascularization.Results.The follow-up period lasted 31,1 (17,8; 47,9) months. CE events occurred in 29 (16,9%) patients: cardiovascular death — 3 (1,75%) patients; nonfatal myocardial infarction — 7 (4,09%) patients; nonfatal stroke — 6 (3,51%) patients; coronary revascularization — 13 (7,60%) patients. Cumulative survival of patients with high and very high CVR with atherosclerotic plaques in the same vascular system did not significantly differ from that in patients with intact peripheral arteries (p=0,977). The event-free survival of patients with combined lesions of the carotid and lower limb arteries was significantly lower in comparison with patients with one vascular system involvement (p=0,011). The combined lesion of the carotid and lower limb arteries was associated with an increase in the relative risk (RR) of adverse cardiovascular events (RR, 3,15 (95% CI, 1,02-9,74; p=0,046), adjusted for sex, age, and peripheral arterial disease symptoms.Conclusion.In patients with high and very high CVR, atherosclerotic lesion of two vascular systems of peripheral arteries is associated with an increase in the RR of adverse cardiovascular events, adjusted for sex, age, and peripheral arterial disease symptoms. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques in one vascular bed was not associated with an increase in the risk of CE events.
Structure forming of Cu–W pseudoalloys prepared in different routes
Authors: Vadchenko S. G. , Suvorova E. V. , Mukhina N. I. , Kovalev I. D. , Illarionova E. V. 
Published: March 2021

The microstructures of alloys formed during the sintering of tungsten powder mixtures (PV2, 3.8–6.0 μm average particle size) and copper (PMS-11, 45–60 μm fraction) prepared by various methods were compared. The methods included simple metal powder mixing, mechanical activation (MA) of metal powders, copper precipitation from the solution of its sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O) on tungsten powder with simultaneous mechanical activation. The molar ratio of metals in mixtures Cu/W = 1. An aqueous solution for copper deposition included diethylene glycol (up to 30 %), glycerin (up to 8 %), hydrofluoric acid (up to 0.1 %), wetting agent OP-10 (up to 0.8 %). Mechanical activation was carried out in an AGO-2 planetary mill with 200 g of steel balls charged into the drums rotating at 2220 rpm for 5 min. Reduced copper in the solution and in the air rapidly oxidizes to the Cu2O oxide, so the composite powders obtained were washed, dried, and stored in an argon atmosphere. Samples pressed from the powders obtained (tablets 3 mm in diameter, 1.5–2.0 mm in height with a density of 7.7–8.0 g/cm3) were sintered in argon at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 1000 to 1500 °C. During the sintering of Cu–W composite particles, several areas of the process can be distinguished. «Solid phase» sintering occurs at the contact points of composite particles at temperatures lower than the copper melting point. When samples are heated from the melting point to 1200 °C, samples are sintered by the liquid-phase mechanism from the conventional mixture of metal powders to form a low-porous cake. When composite powders obtained by MA during the copper deposition and MA of metal powder mixtures are sintered, samples are delaminated with the formation of large pores elongated perpendicular to the pressing axis and partially filled with copper melt. When samples obtained by powder MA are heated above 1400 °C, phase separation occurs and almost all copper is displaced from the sample to the surface.
FATORES RELATIVOS À PERMANÊNCIA NO CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO À DISTÂNCIA “BACHARELADO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL - PLAGEDER” DA UAB/UFRGS
Authors: Fontana Dias Fernando 
Published: March 2021

Este artigo foi produzido com a finalidade de desenvolver o conhecimento relacionado a um dos fenômenos mais relevantes da Educação a Distância (EaD), ou seja, a permanência dos alunos, relacionando os aspectos de oferta do curso com a opinião dos alunos a respeito dos fatores de permanência e considerando a relevância do tema na atualidade. O objetivo foi compreender o modo pelo qual os fatores organizacionais e motivacionais contribuíram para a permanência e a conclusão da terceira edição do curso a distância PLAGEDER, a partir da análise da influência de fatores relacionados à permanência no curso, identificando e compreendendo os obstáculos dos alunos para a conclusão dele. Com isso, buscou-se responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: de que maneira questões pessoais, acadêmicas e contextuais refletiram na permanência e na conclusão do curso a distância de graduação em Desenvolvimento Rural – PLAGEDER –, em sua terceira edição? A pesquisa envolveu análise quantitativa e qualitativa. Na coleta de dados, foram utilizados dados primários e secundários, com base na realização de questionários tanto para os alunos do curso quanto para os atores envolvidos com a oferta do curso. O trabalho também contou com o uso da observação para a coleta de dados. Os resultados apresentaram uma diferença significativa da permanência nos diferentes polos onde foi ofertado o curso, variando de 16% a 54,76%. De um modo geral, foi possível verificar que fatores relacionados a atividades presenciais foram considerados mais importantes pelos alunos do que os fatores relacionados às atividades a distância, para a decisão de permanecerem no curso. A relação entre a limitação de tempo disponível para o estudo e a falta de autodisciplina, como obstáculos para a conclusão do curso, compõem um achado interessante apresentado nos resultados.
ETIOLOGY OF BLOODY DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN AND PREVALENCE OF E. COLI O157:H7
Authors: Kareem Twana , Omer Sherko 
Published: March 2021

Background
Infectious diarrhea continues to be a health burden worldwide especially in children living in developing countries. The main etiologies of bloody diarrhea in developing regions are Entamoeba histolytica and bacteria such as Shigella and other bacteria.
Objectives
To determine the causative agents of bloody diarrhea in children and the prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in children with bloody diarrhea.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study conducted at Dr.Jamal Ahmad Rashid Teaching Pediatric Hospital in Sulaimani city from October 2018 to August 2019. We examined stool specimens from inpatient children with diarrhea using fresh mount. We further investigated the bloody stools by cultivation on several bacteriological media. Growth was identified and the causative agents were determined based on culture, Gram stain, biochemical tests, Serological test and VITEK® 2 system. Finally, we used multiplex PCR to identify EHEC O157:H7 and Shiga toxin genes.
Results
From 2589 fresh mount stool examination, 117 (4.5%) were identified as bloody diarrhea based on finding RBCs. Of the 117 cultivated stool specimens, bacteria were identified as the cause of bloody diarrhea in 73(62.4%), E. histolytica/ E. dispar in 36 (30.8 %), bacteria and E.histolytica/ E. dispar in 6 (5.1%), while in 2 (1.7%) specimen, the cause remain unidentified. The isolated bacteria were Shigella spp. (56, 69%), Slamonella spp. (11, 14%), Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (6, 7%), Campylobacter spp. (3, 4%) and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (3, 4 %). Two EHEC showed shiga toxin type two gene.
Conclusion
Shigella spp. and E. histolytica were the most prevalent agents of bloody diarrhea in children aged 7 months to 12 years. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli harboring shiga toxin type 2 gene was identified in bloody diarrhea but in fewer cases compared to other bacteria.
MOLECULAR DOCKING OF SELECTED CD22 INHIBITORS TARGETING HUMAN CD22 RECEPTOR ON B CELLS
Authors: Muhammad Hawzheen 
Published: March 2021

Background
The CD22 is a B cell restricted receptor with a critical role in the maintenance of B cell inhibition to maintain humoral immunity homeostasis. The inhibitory function of CD22 and its specific expression on B cells makes it an attractive target for B cell depletion in autoimmune diseases and B cell derived malignancies.
Objectives
Determine the potential affinity for binding of fifteen commercially available CD22 inhibitors targeting CD22 protein was investigated using iGemdock software.
Methods
In the present study, the binding affinities of fifteen commercially available CD22 inhibitors have been investigated on CD22 protein using iGemdock software.
Results
The results showed that CD22 inhibitor, Thapsigargin produced greater affinity for the CD22 protein with the first rank. It binds with the CD22 protein with lowest interaction energy (fitness value) of -75.465 kcal/mol.
Conclusion
The interaction confirms that the studied inhibitors interacted with CD22 protein by building hydrogen bonds with active site residues in addition to the hydrophobic interactions. Further in vitro studies are required to confirm these results.
revolución de QUEST Cambio de estrategia como sinónimo de éxito
Authors: Zuluaga Gómez Leidy Vanessa , Manfredi Luciana 
Published: March 2021

Una estrategia de mercadeo llevada a cabo eficientemente por las empresas, es un importante componente que agrega valor a su ventaja competitiva. Este estudio de caso analiza una empresa colombiana que ha desarrollado la estrategia de forma exitosa, permitiéndole posicionarse y conquistar nuevos segmentos del mercado en Colombia. Primero, se introduce una revisión de la literatura sobre posicionamiento de marca, fidelización del cliente y mercadeo experiencial. Luego, se desarrolla el estudio de caso basándose en entrevistas en profundidad a personas claves de la empresa. A partir de dichas entrevistas se obtuvo información acerca de cómo ha sido la planeación y la ejecución de la estrategia y sus resultados. Se concluye que el plan realizado por la empresa fue eficiente y exitoso puesto que le permitió cumplir con sus objetivos de posicionamiento de mercado.
Análisis hidrológico de la cuenca del rio calandaima y modelamiento hidráulico para el sistema de suministro de agua para la vereda san antonio en apulo cundinamarca
Authors: Forero Buitrago Gonzalo Alberto 
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo, es el resultado del análisis de la cuenca del río Calandaima, ubicado en Cundinamarca, realizado con la finalidad de evaluar la viabilidad hidrológica del río Calandaima, para realizar una derivación adicional de 2 litros/segundo a una captación de agua ya existente de 8 litros/segundo. El presente informe, evalúa la captación total desde el río, teniendo en cuenta sus caudales, según los datos históricos de las estaciones meteorológicas existentes de la Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca (CAR). La captación de agua del río, tiene como fin último, abastecer a 340 habitantes, que no tienen acceso al recurso. A dicho caudal derivado del río, se le realizará un tratamiento, para que cumpla con los parámetros fisicoquímicos establecidos por la norma al llegar al punto de abastecimiento final de la población a ser beneficiada, estudio que no se presenta en el presente artículo. Dentro del presente artículo, se utiliza software especializado, para realizar la evaluación de los datos de la cuenca, datos que se presentan de manera gráfica para hacer más fácil su análisis y presentar mejor los resultados obtenidos. Se estudian, por tanto, las variables hidrológicas para verificar la disponibilidad de agua en la cuenca, según su geomorfología. Además de esto, se realiza una modelación hidráulica con el software “Pipe Flow Expert”, donde se selecciona el sistema de bombeo y el diámetro de las tuberías, para alcanzar la altura y presión necesaria para llegar a los 2 tanques de suministro elevados, que se tienen contemplados para el abastecimiento de la población rural de San Antonio.
ABÛ ISHÂQ IBRÂHÎM IBN MÛSÂ AL-SYÂTHIBÎ AND HIS OPINION ON THE DICHOTOMY OF ‘IBÂDÂT AND ‘ÂDÂT IN ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Aziz Jamal Abdul 
Published: March 2021

Abû Is­hâq Ibrâhîm ibn Mûsâ al-Syâthibî (d. 790/1388), or who is known as al-Syâthibî, is one of the most famous fuqahâ’ in Maliki sect. When he was living in Granada in the thirteenth century, he faced a wide scale of social, economic, and cultural changes. At the same time, the teaching and practice of tasawwuf influenced the tendency of thinking of Islamic law. The big change supported him to formulate his philosophy of Islamic law. Mashlahah (mashâlih), as the main purpose of maqâshid al-syarî’ah, is the main concept of philosophy thinking in Islamic law that he built. The dichotomy of ‘ibâdât and ‘âdât contains the representation of fixed aspects which in one side is the teaching of worships (rites), and on the other side is the dynamic aspect from the Islamic law. ‘Ibâdât asked for a pure obedience from a human with the way has been specified by the God, while ‘âdât can receive any possible changes.Copyright (c) 2015 by Al-Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.714
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CASH WAQF IN THE PESANTREN OF AL-AMIEN PRENDUAN SUMENEP REGENCY OF MADURA
Authors: Wardi Moch. Cholid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:Cash waqf still becomes the frame in the ulama’ debate, especially in Hanafiyah and Syâfi`îyah schools. Therefore, it requires deeper insight either empirically from the field or theoritically in Islamic law analysis through aqwâl al-`ulamâ’, so that the concept and the legal basis of its management and development can be known. This paper discusses about productive waqf and the uniqueness of the application of management of cash waqf in a pesantren (Islamic boarding school). Besides, the standardisation of the law applied in the implementation of the cash waqf which encompasses: al-Qur'an, Hadits, fiqh rules, and aqwâl al-`ulamâ’ needs to be analyzed fo find out a conclusion of the implementation status. In the implementation, there are many unique things which are interesting to analyze, namely the use of the institution fund which is oriented to develop cash waqf and the exictence of waqf board which becomes the highest decision maker. It means that the highest leader is no longer on the foundation but on the waqf board because all of the pesantren’s assets become waqf property, even the body and everything valuable to them are made as waqf assets.Abstrak:Cash waqf atau biasa disebut dengan wakaf tunai ini masih menjadi bingkai dalam perdebatan ulama, lebih-lebih dari golongan Hanafiyah dan Syâfi’îyah. Oleh karenanya, ia perlu digali informasi baik secara empiris di lapangan maupun secara teoritis dalam kajian hukum Islam melalui aqwâl al-`ulamâ’ sehingga dapat diketahui konsep dan dasar hukum yang dipakai dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangannya. Tulisan ini membahas wakaf produktif dan keunikan pelaksanaan manajemen wakaf tunai di pesantren. Di samping itu, standarisasi hukum yang digunakan dalam implementasi perwakafan tunai ini (cash waqf) yang meliputi: al-Qur`ân, Hadits, kaidah fiqhiyah, kaidah ushuliyah, dan aqwâl al-‘ulamâ perlu dikaji untuk menemukan kesimpulan status pelaksanaannya. Dalam implementasinya, beberapa hal unik yang menarik untuk dikaji, yaitu penggunaan dana lembaga yang diorientasikan untuk mengembangkan wakaf tunai. Eksistensi badan wakaf yang menjadi penentu kebijakan tertinggi, artinya pimpinan tertinggi tidak lagi dipegang oleh yayasan, melainkan badan wakaf karena semua aset pesantren dijadikan sebagai harta wakaf, bahkan badan dan sesuatu yang bermanfaat dari diri mereka dijadikan sebagai aset wakaf.
Kajian Filosofis tentang Hukum dan Keadilan dari Pemikiran Klasik Sampai Pemikiran Modern
Authors: Nasution Bahder Johan 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Justice, since the first issue, has been the subject of study both among philosophers and among theologians, politicians and thinkers or legal experts. However, if there are questions about justice, could not be determined what measures are used to determine something is fair or not. Various answers about justice usually never or rarely satisfying so that continues to be debated, so it can be concluded that the various formulations of justice is a relative statement. This issue ultimately encourages many people to take a shortcut by submitting formulation of justice to the legislators and judges who will formulate it based on their own considerations.
Kontribusi Pemikiran Jihad Ekonomi Kiai Madura dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Berbasis Syari’ah
Authors: Abidin Zainal 
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana sebenarnya nilai-nilai islam dapat dituangkan dalam dinamika bisnis yang dikembangkan oleh para kiai sebagai tokoh pengawal agama (Islam). penulis mencoba menganalisis peran kiai madura dalam pengembangan ekonomi berbasis syari’ah (hukum Islam), Islam sebagai agama juga dapat memiliki nilai-nilai atau spirit khas dalam upaya mengembangkan ekonomi umat. Disinilah urgensi peran para kiai madura –sebagai pengawal tegaknya nilai-nilai Islam dalam segala sektor, termasuk sektor di ekonomi dan bisnis. Nilai-nilai spiritual dari aktivitas bisnis yang dilakukan oleh para kiai madura dapat dipandang sebagai sebuah bentuk jihad di bidang ekonomi, yakni tegaknya nilai syari’ah (hukum islam) dalam bingkai ekonomi dan bisnis yang ditekuni dan kembangkan bersama masyarakat(This Article discusses how the real values of Islam can be poured into the business dynamics developed by Islamic Scholar (Kyai) as a guardian figure of Islam. The author tries to analyze the role of Madurese Kyai in developing Islamic economics, Islam as a religion can also have values and special spirit in developing public economics. Here is the importance of Kyai in Madura as the guard of Islamic values maintenance in all sectors, including in economics and business sectors. Spiritual values and Islamic business activities carried out by the Kyai can be seen as a form of jihad in economics, namely the establishment of the value of Shariah (Islamic law) in the frame of economics and business applied and developed by the community)
Al-Syaikh Muhammad Mahfûdz Al-Termasî al-Jâwî al-Indûnîsî wa Asânîduhu fî ‘ilmi al-Fiqhi
Authors: Syu'aib Kholil 
Published: March 2021

Pembahasan ini mengungkapkan tentang sanad dalam ilmu fiqh Syaikh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi (1285-1338 H./1864-1917 M.), salah seorang ulama Nusantara (Indonesia) asal tanah Jawa, yang namanya sangat harum dan populer di wilayah Timur Tengah, khususnya di Kota Mekkah. Tema ini dibahas dengan tujuan untuk menyingkap sesuatu di balik tabir kebesaran namanya. Kajian ini bersumber dari karya monumentalnya dalam bidang sanad yang berjudul “Hidayah al-Mustafid li Ma ‘Ala min al-Asanid.” Setelah dilakukan penerokaan secara seksama ditemukan bahwa ternyata Syaikh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi memiliki otoritas sanad dalam ilmu fiqh di samping sanad ilmu-ilmu yang lain. Setiap ilmu fiqh ia pelajari dan kitab fiqh yang ia baca kepada guru-gurunya ia diberi ijazah yang disertai dengan sanad yang bersambung kepada ulama fiqh dan pengarang kitab fiqh. Dengan demikian, prediket “fuqaha” yang telah disandangkan kepadanya, bukan karena hanya penguasaannya yang mendalam terkait materi-materi ilmu fiqh, tetapi juga karena otoritas sanad yang ia pegang dalam ilmu ini, sehingga ia menjadi fuqaha yang referesentatif bagi umat Islam, khususnya di kalangan mazhab Syafi’i.

This discussion reveals about sanad in the fiqh knowledge of Shaykh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi (1285-1338 AH/1864-1917 AD), one of the Nusantara (Indonesia) scholars from Java land, whose name is very fragrant and popular in the Middle East region, especially in the Mecca city. This theme is discussed with the aim to uncover something behind the veil of his name. This study is derived from his monumental work in the field of sanad entitled "Hidayah al-Mustafid li Ma ‘Ala al Asanid." After carefully carried out it was found that Shaykh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi has sanad authority in the fiqh knowledge and the other knowledges. Every fiqh knowledge he studied and fiqh books that he read to his teachers he was given a diploma accompanied by a sanad that continued to fiqh scholars and authors of fiqh books. Thus, the predicate "fuqaha" that has been attributed to him, not because only his profound mastery of the material knowledge of fiqh, but also because sanad authority that he holds in this knowledge, so he became a representative fuqaha for Muslims, especially among Shafi'i school.