bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-APN-1607 Tau PET in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Like Symptoms Caused by TBK1 Mutations
Authors: Liu Feng-tao , Lu Jia-Ying , Sun Yi-Min , Yang Yu-Jie , Qiao Kai , Chen Qi-Si , Li Ling , Li Xin-Yi , Yen Tzu-Chen , Zuo Chuan-tao , Chen Yan , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Pathogenic mutations in the TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) gene have been associated with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)-like extrapyramidal symptoms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as cognitive and behavioral alterations. However, the question as to whether TBK1 mutations may be associated with tau burden remains unanswered.
Methods

To investigate whether patients presenting with PSP-like extrapyramidal symptoms caused by TBK1 mutations have evidence of tau deposition as reflected by positive 18F-APN-1607 tau PET imaging findings. Four patients who showed PSP-like extrapyramidal symptoms, ALS, and cognitive/behavioral alterations were consecutively enrolled between August 2019 and August 2020. Patients underwent TBK1 gene sequencing and 18F-APN-1607 tau PET imaging. All PET images were interpreted in a blinded fashion with respect to genetic results. Brain structural changes were investigated with MRI, whereas 11C-CFT or 18F-DTBZ PET imaging was performed to identify dopaminergic degeneration.
Results

Pathogenic TBK1 mutations were identified in three of the four study patients. The three mutation carriers – but not the case without – showed positive 18F-APN-1607 binding in PSP-related regions, suggesting the presence of tau pathology. Mesencephalic atrophy (hummingbird sign) was observed in all TBK1 mutation carriers, and two of them also had evidence of frontotemporal atrophy. Dopaminergic degeneration was evident in all cases, regardless of TBK1 mutations.
Conclusions

Pathogenic TBK1 mutations in patients with PSP-like extrapyramidal symptoms are associated with positive 18F-APN-1607 tau PET imaging findings. Our data should prompt additional investigations on the potential role of tau accumulation in the pathogenesis of disease conditions associated with TBK1 mutations.
Increased Expression of PDGFA and RAF1 in Tumor-Derived Exosomes in Human Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Vafaei Somayeh , naseri marzieh , zoeller margot , zanjani leili saeednejad , karamnia razieh , gao yuzhen , amoli hadi ahmadi , ebrahimi marzieh , Madjd Zahra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Overexpression of tumor markers in Extracellular vesicles (EV), especially in tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), is implicated in metastasis. However, identifying the specific content of Ev's roles in CRC diagnosis or prognosis requires further validation by bioinformatics and clinical investigations. Methods: In the current study, we explored molecular markers shared between TDEs and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients to identify candidate genes involved in CRC metastasis. Common markers were analyzed in gene expression profiles of two studies (GSE31023 and GSE72577). Results: In blood samples from 20 CRC patients, the expression of candidate genes was assessed by real-time PCR in CTC, TDEs, and microvesicles (MVs), and the expression levels were correlated with clinicopathological features. To further confirm, the expression of candidate genes was investigated in exosomes derived from the parental HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29-EXOs), and CSC-enriched spheroids (CSC-EXOs) derived thereof. Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggested platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA) and proto-oncogene, Serine/Threonine kinase Raf-1 (RAF1) as new CRC candidate markers in CTCs and TDEs. According to real-time PCR, expression of PDGFA (P=0.0086) and RAF1 (P=0.048) were upregulated in TDEs but significantly decreased (P=0.0001) in MVs. Furthermore, expression in CSC-EXOs (P=0.0004) was increased compared to HT-29-EXOs. Conclusion: PDGFA and RAF1 mRNA are higher in CSC-EXOs than in HT-29-EXOs, which correlates with higher expression in CSC than the primary tumor. Notably, as no increase was observed in MVs, PDGFA and RAF1 mRNA appear to be actively recruited into TDE.
The Relative Importance of Niche Process and Neutral Process in the Community Assembly of Subtropical Karst Forest: A Perspective on the Changes of Species Distribution Patterns at Different Scales
Authors: He Yan , Jiang Yong , Lin Hongling , Pan Yuanfang , Liang Shichu , Fang Yaocheng , Zhuo Wenhua , Xiao Yanmei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and aimsThe importance of niche processes and neutral processes to community assembly has been affirmed by most studies, although their relative importance needs to be determined in many systems. Moreover, as the spatial scale changes, the ecological processes that determine the community pattern may differ. We tested these ideas in subtropical karst forest in southwestern China in order to aid efforts of community reconstruction.MethodsTo test the importance of niche-based and neutral mechanisms we compared the fit six models to the observed SAD of the plot at three different sampling scales (10 m × 10 m, 20 m × 20 m, 50 m × 50 m). We also used spatial autocorrelation and distance-based Moran's eigenvector maps (dbMEM) combined with variation partitioning to further determine the relative contribution of the niche process and the neutral process under different sampling scales.ResultsThe neutral theoretical and statistical models fit the observed species abundance distribution curve best at each sampling scale. And variation partitioning showed that although the contribution of spatial structure was lower at larger sampling scales, it was still important, suggesting that neutral processes drive community structure at all sampling scales. In contrast, habitat filtering and interspecies competition may lead to a net weakening of the contribution of the niche process to the species abundance pattern of the community because they act in opposite directions. ConclusionsIn the restoration and reconstruction of local karst forest communities, environmental heterogeneity, inter-species relationships, and geographic spatial differences should all be considered.
Feasibility of dpFAMM flap in Tongue Reconstruction After Facial Vessels Ligation and Radiotherapy- Case Presentation
Authors: Michał Gontarz , Bargiel Jakub , Gąsiorowski Krzysztof , Marecik Tomasz , Szczurowski Paweł , Zapała Jan , Wyszyńska-Pawelec Grażyna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSalvage surgery with reconstruction of the second and next primary tongue cancer remains difficult, especially after earlier neck dissection and radiotherapy. In the current report, we describe the feasibility of the extended, double-pedicled facial artery musculomucosal (dpFAMM) flap in the reconstruction of the patient with second primary tongue squamous cell carcinoma, after facial vessels ligation and radiotherapy. Case presentation81-year-old female patient was operated on due to tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on the left side T3N1M0 in 2019. Bilateral selective neck dissection with tongue reconstruction was performed by island FAMM flap. The patient also suffered from synchronous mucinous breast carcinoma treated with tamoxifen. Second primary SCC of the tongue on the opposite (right) side was detected in 2020. The patient did not agree for surgical treatment therefore radiotherapy was performed. Local recurrence of the tongue cancer of the right side was treated surgically in 2021. Salvage surgery comprised hemiglossectomy and dpFAMM flap reconstruction with uneventful postoperative follow-up.ConclusionsThis case presentation proved that dpFAMM flap can be used in salvage surgery and reconstruction even in patients after ligation of facial vassels, irradiation and in the course of hormone therapy. The flap is easy to handle, has good vascularity and comprises predictable method of reconstruction, especially for patients with severe comorbidities.
Inhibiting IL-6/STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway suppressed the growth of infantile hemangioma
Authors: Li ShuiXue , Maimaiti Aziguli , Aierken Yeerfan , He Jun , Zhou Ling , Qin Shuangli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the expression of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in IH patients and investigate the role of IL-6/signal transducers and activators of transduction-3 (STAT3)/hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway in the progression of infantile hemangioma (IH).
Methods

Serum samples obtained from IH patients and normal infants were measured for IL-6 expression. Hemangioma-derived stem cells (HemSCs) were transfected with siRNAs targeting IL-6, HIF-1α or STAT3. And then, cell-viability assay and wound healing assay were conducted. After that, the tumor mouse model of HemSCs was established. The in vivo anticancer effect of IL-6 inhibitor was investigated.
Results

IH patients had much higher IL-6 levels as comparing to the healthy controls (P=0.005). HemSCs transfected with IL-6 siRNA had significantly lower viability and migration rate than normal HemSCs. And HemSCs transfected with STAT3 siRNA or HIF-1α siRNA had the similar tendency. On tumor bearing mice, IL-6 inhibitor treatment significantly delayed the tumor growth. Compared with control group, Caspase 3 was significantly increased in IL-6 inhibitor group (P<0.05), whereas Ki67 was decreased in IL-6 inhibitor group (P<0.05). In TUNEL assay, IL-6 inhibitor group had much higher apoptosis rate than control (P<0.05).
Conclusion

Our findings indicated that inhibiting IL-6/STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway could suppress IH growth.
Optimal Duration of the Apnea Test for Determining Brain Death: Benefit of the Short-Term Apnea Test
Authors: Baik Seung Min , Park Jin , Kim Tae Yoon , Lee Jung Hwa , Hong Kyung Sook 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The criteria for brain death determination have not been unified globally, and there is no global consensus on the apnea test, which is essential for determining brain death. Since the apnea test is associated with many complications, we aimed to determine an optimal duration of the apnea test.Methods: We analyzed the results of the apnea test performed for brain death determination between August 2013 and February 2021 at a single institution in South Korea. Elevations in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and mean arterial blood pressure fluctuations over time in the apnea test were recorded.Results: In the 1st and 2nd tests, the mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide increased by more than 20 mmHg at 3 min after the apnea test compared to before the test (P < 0.05). At 4 min in the 1st test and 5 min in the 2nd test, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide exceeded 60 mmHg (P < 0.05). The fluctuation in the mean arterial blood pressure observed for 5 min during the apnea test was not significant. There was no significant fluctuation in the mean arterial blood pressure over time in the apnea test between patients with normal chest radiography findings and those with abnormal chest radiography findings (P = 0.888).Conclusion: Our study proposes that a short-term apnea test protocol is valid for the preservation of organs for donation.
Exploring the temporal dynamics of the fungal microbiome in rootstocks, the lesser-known half of the grapevine crop
Authors: Gramaje David , Eichmeier Ales , Spetik Milan , Carbone María Julia , Bujanda Rebeca , Vallance Jessica , Rey Patrice 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Rootstocks are the link between soil and scion in grapevine, and they can either provide tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and regulate yield and grape quality. The vascular system of grapevine rootstocks is still an underexplored niche despite its potential for hosting beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the composition of fungal communities in 110 Richter and 41 Berlandieri rootstocks at different stages of the grapevine propagation process and to measure the absolute abundance and dynamic changes of Cadophora luteo-olivacea, a common pathogen associated with Petri disease of grapevine.
Results
Taxonomic analysis revealed that the fungal community predominantly consisted of phyla Ascomycota in all steps of the propagation process. The alpha-diversity of fungal communities differed among sampling moments for both rootstocks, with richness and fungal diversity in the vascular system decreasing throughout the propagation process. The core microbiome was composed by the genera Cadophora, Cladosporium, Penicillium and Alternaria in both rootstocks, while the pathogenic genus Neofusicoccum was identified as a persistent taxon throughout the propagation process. Fungal functionality analysis showed that the relative abundance of plant pathogens associated with trunk diseases increased towards the last stage in nurseries. Regarding C. luteo-olivacea, significant correlations between sequencing reads and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was observed.
Conclusions
Fungal communities in the vascular system of grapevine rootstocks differed among the different stages of the propagation process in nurseries. Numerous genera associated with potential biocontrol activity and grapevine trunk diseases have been identified. Understanding the large diversity of fungi in the rootstock vascular tissue and the interactions between fungal microbiota and grapevine will help developing sustainable strategies for grapevine protection.
Primary Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma of Liver: Case of Report
Authors: di qiuyi , Wen Qiongli , Cheng Zhihong , Mao Zhiqun , Zhong Gang , Long Xiangdang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundExtraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) is a highly malignant osteosarcoma that occurs in extraskeletal tissues. It often affects the soft tissues of the limbs. ESOS is classified as primary or secondary ESOS. Case presentationwe report a case of primary hepatic osteosarcoma in a 76-year-old male patient. The patient had a giant cystic-solid mass in the right liver that was evident on ultrasound and computed tomography. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry of the mass, which was surgically removed, suggested fibroblastic osteosarcoma. No other abnormal lesions were found. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with primary hepatic osteosarcoma. The hepatic osteosarcoma reoccurred 48 days after surgery, resulting in significant compression and narrowing of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava. Consequently, the patient underwent stent implantation in the inferior vena cava and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Unfortunately, the patient died of postoperative multiple organ failure.ConclusionsHepatic osteosarcoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor with a short course and a high likelihood of metastasis and recurrence. If a biopsy were to return osteoid in a large liver tumor, ESOS would be suspected. However, there is no evidence-based treatment plan to date. Surgical resection combined with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy seems to be the best treatment option.
First Trimester Iron Status and Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Hansen Rebecka , Spangmose Anne Lærke , Sommer Veronika Markova , Holm Charlotte , Jørgensen Finn Stener , Krebs Lone , Pinborg Anja 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the following in singleton pregnant women: 1) associations between first trimester iron deficiency and obstetric and perinatal outcomes, 2) overall first trimester iron status and 3) post-treatment iron status after intensified iron supplementation.Methods: Prospective cohort study with linkage of first trimester hemoglobin and plasma ferritin with obstetric and perinatal data from a hospital database. Blood sample data were obtained at a Danish University Hospital. The cohort was divided into groups according to ferritin and hemoglobin: (1) iron deficient anemic (ferritin <30 ng/mL and Hb <110 g/L), (2) iron deficient non-anemic (ferritin <30 ng/mL and Hb ≥110 g/L), and (3) iron replete non-anemic (ferritin 30–200 ng/mL and Hb ≥110 g/L). Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in each iron deficient group were compared to the iron replete non-anemic group using multivariable logistic regression. The effect of 2–8 weeks intensified iron supplementation on hemoglobin and ferritin were assessed by pairwise comparisons.Results: The cohort comprised 5,763 singleton pregnant women, of which 14.2% had non-anemic iron deficiency, and 1.2% had iron deficiency anemia. Compared to iron replete non-anemic women, iron deficient anemic women had a higher risk of gestational diabetes (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4–9.0), and iron deficient non-anemic women had a higher risk of stillbirth (aOR 4.0, 95% CI 1.0–14.3). In group 1 and 2, 78.7% and 67.8% remained iron deficient after intensified iron supplementation. Conclusion: First trimester iron deficiency may be associated with gestational diabetes and stillbirth. First trimester iron deficiency was present in 15.4% and often persisted despite 2–8 weeks intensified iron supplementation.
The Surgical Staging of Apparent Early-staged Ovarian Mucinous Carcinoma.
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Zhang Ying , Cao Dongyan , Shen Keng , Yang Jiaxin , Yu Mei , Zhou Huimei , Wang Tao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives: The study aimed to explore the rate of upstaging after surgical staging in patients with apparent International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I ovarian mucinous carcinoma.Methods: Ovarian mucinous carcinoma patients with surgical treatment were, retrospectively, reviewed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between October 2020 and January 1994.Results: Totally, 163 patients were included in this study, Surgical re-staging was performed in 89 patients after incomplete surgical staging and one-step surgical staging was performed in 74 patients. For these incompletely staged patients, residual tumors were found in 16 patients (16/89, 17.9%), For 19 patients with apparent FIGO stage IA, no patient was found to have residual tumor after incomplete staging surgery confirmed by the final pathology result of re-staging surgery. Both multipara (hazard ration [HR]= 6.532, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.416-30.137, P=0.016) and ovarian cystectomy (HR=8.269, 95% CI= 1.772-38.595, P=0.007) were independent risk factors for residual tumor after incomplete staging surgery. For all 163 patients, up-staging was found in 15 patients (15/163, 9.2%). For 44 apparent FIGO stage IA patients, no patient was found to up-stage to FIGO II-IVB. Moreover, both the history of ovarian mucinous tumor (HR=4.745, 95% CI= 1.132-19.886, P=0.033) and bilateral ovaries involved (HR=9.739, 95% CI= 2.016-47.056, P=0.005) were independent risk factors for up-staging to FIGO stage II-IVB.Conclusions: We found that for apparent FIGO stage I ovarian mucinous carcinoma patients, residual tumors were found in 17.9 % after incomplete staging surgery and up-staging to FIGO II-IV in 9.2% after complete staging surgery. For patients of apparent FIGO stage IA, the possibility of residual tumors and up-staging is relatively low. While for patients of cystectomy, bilateral mucinous carcinomas, or history of ovarian mucinous tumors, complete staging surgery maintains greater significance.
The Determinants of Design Applications in Europe
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Costantiello Alberto , Laureti Lucio , Leogrande Domenico 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this article we estimate the level of “Design Application” in 37 European Countries in the period 2010-2019. We use data from the European Innovation Scoreboard-EIS of the European Commission. We perform four econometric models i.e., Pooled OLS, Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Dynamic Panel. We found that the level of Design Applications is negatively associated to “Enterprise Births”, “Finance and Support”, “Firm Investments” and positively associated with “Venture Capital”, “Turnover share large enterprises”, “R&D expenditure public sector”, “Intellectual Assets”. In adjunct we perform a cluster analysis with the application of the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette Coefficient and we found three different clusters. Finally, we confront eight different machine learning algorithms to predict the level of “Design Application” and we found that the Tree Ensemble is the best predictor with a value for the 30% of the dataset analyzed that is expected to decrease in mean of -12,86%.
Solitary Choroid Plexus Metastasis of Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma 11years after nephrectomy : A case report
Authors: Trifa Amine , Benhaddou Lyna , Parker Fabrice 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Brain metastasis are the most commun intracranial tumours amongst adults. While brain metastasis of Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are less commun, intraventricular localisation is particularly rare. There are few small series and mostly case reports which have noted intraventricular involvement of RCC metastasis. Here we report a new case of Solitary choroid plexus metastasis of clear cell renal carcinoma 11 years after nephrectomy.It’s about a 51-year-old patient, diagnosed with renal tumor in 2010 and a nephrectomy was performed. He presented with a frontal syndrome consecutive to a left frontal intraventricular tumor with ipsilateral ventricular dilation. He was operated on for a complete excision of this tumor. Histopathological examinations revealed a metastasis of clear cell renal carcinoma. He underwent 3 radiosurgery sessions one month later. At 6 months of follow-up, he has described an important clinical improvement, mainly of his frontal syndrome.BM secondary to RCC tend to be located in the ventricular system with close association to the choroid plexus. Early detection of brain metastases, and a therapeutic strategy including surgery and radiosurgery can offer patients an extended survival.
Protection offered by COVID-19 vaccines in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection frequency; severity and mortality, among Indian Healthcare Workers: Multicenter, pan-Fortis study
Authors: Acharya Subrat , Mahindra Gaurav , Nirala Purushottam , Tripathi Sulabh , Panigrahi Bishnu , Misra Anoop , Pandit Rahul , Goel Manoj , Chowdhury S. R. , Sircar Mrinal , Maurya Vikas , Jha R. S. , Kumar Avi , Mandal Amit K. , Micu Padmakumar , Gupta Ayush , Aithal Nagaraj , Queen Edel , Baghel Paritosh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
During COVID-19 pandemic, Healthcare Workers (HCWs) were at increased risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus and prioritized for early administration of COVID-19 vaccines in India. Real-life scenario information among vaccinated HCWs acquiring COVID-19 infection, is scarce. We retrospectively analyzed COVID-19 infection frequency, severity, and associated mortality among healthcare workers, immunized with either Covishield or Covaxin vaccines at 27 Fortis Hospitals across 11 Indian states. Positive cases were identified based on RT-PCR or rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 between 16th January 2021 till 15th May 2021. 20034 HCWs received vaccination. 3971 received 1 dose, 16063 received 2 doses. Post-vaccination, 1139 HCWs acquired COVID-19 infection, 180 (4.53%) and 959 (5.97%) among partially and fully vaccinated category, respectively. Breakthrough infection occurred among 913 (5.68%) HCWs. Concurrently, Case Positivity Rate was 11.9%, among general population (control). Among 1139 positive cases, mild, moderate, and severe infections were 1059 (93%), 71 (6.2%) and 9 (0.8%), respectively with Case Fatality Rate of 0.18%, compared to 0.92% among general population (p=0.0043). The Case Fatality Rate in vaccinated HCWs was found to be 80% less than that in general population (control). Hence, COVID-19 vaccines available in India seem to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 virus.