bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New PqsR Inverse Agonist Potentiates Tobramycin Efficacy to Eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms
Authors: Schütz Christian , Ho Duy‐Khiet , Hamed Mostafa Mohamed , Abdelsamie Ahmed Saad , Röhrig Teresa , Herr Christian , Kany Andreas Martin , Rox Katharina , Schmelz Stefan , Siebenbürger Lorenz , Wirth Marius , Börger Carsten , Yahiaoui Samir , Bals Robert , Scrima Andrea , Blankenfeldt Wulf , Horstmann Justus Constantin , Christmann Rebekka , Murgia Xabier , Koch Marcus , Berwanger Aylin , Loretz Brigitta , Hirsch Anna Katharina Herta , Hartmann Rolf Wolfgang , Lehr Claus‐Michael , Empting Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections can be notoriously difficult to treat and are often accompanied by the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) acting on PqsR (MvfR) – a crucial transcriptional regulator serving major functions in PA virulence – can enhance antibiotic efficacy and eventually prevent the AMR. An integrated drug discovery campaign including design, medicinal chemistry‐driven hit‐to‐lead optimization and in‐depth biological profiling of a new QSI generation is reported. The QSI possess excellent activity in inhibiting pyocyanin production and PqsR reporter‐gene with IC50 values as low as 200 and 11 × 10−9 m, respectively. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) as well as safety pharmacology studies especially highlight the promising translational properties of the lead QSI for pulmonary applications. Moreover, target engagement of the lead QSI is shown in a PA mucoid lung infection mouse model. Beyond that, a significant synergistic effect of a QSI‐tobramycin (Tob) combination against PA biofilms using a tailor‐made squalene‐derived nanoparticle (NP) formulation, which enhance the minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) of Tob more than 32‐fold is demonstrated. The novel lead QSI and the accompanying NP formulation highlight the potential of adjunctive pathoblocker‐mediated therapy against PA infections opening up avenues for preclinical development.
Advances in Rare‐Earth Tritelluride Quantum Materials: Structure, Properties, and Synthesis
Authors: Yumigeta Kentaro , Qin Ying , Li Han , Blei Mark , Attarde Yashika , Kopas Cameron , Tongay Sefaattin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA distinct class of 2D layered quantum materials with the chemical formula ofRTe3(R= lanthanide) has gained significant attention owing to the occurrence of collective quantum states, superconductivity, charge density waves (CDW), spin density waves, and other advanced quantum properties. To study the Fermi surface nesting driven CDW formation, the layeredRTe3family stages an excellent low dimensional genre system. In addition to the primary energy gap feature observed at higher energy, optical spectroscopy study on someRTe3evidence a second CDW energy gap structure indicating the occurrence of multiple CDW ordering even with light and intermediateRTe3compounds. Here, a comprehensive review of the fundamentals ofRTe3layered tritelluride materials is presented with a special focus on the recent advances made in electronic structure, CDW transition, superconductivity, magnetic properties of these unique quantum materials. A detailed description of successful synthesis routes including the flux method, self‐flux method, and CVT along with potential applications is summarized.
Influence of composite preform fabrication on the integrity of poly‐aryl‐ether‐ketone matrices
Authors: De Almeida Olivier , Feuillerat Lisa , Nouri Vivien , Choquet Karim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPoly‐Aryl‐Ether‐Ketones (PAEK) matrices of different composite preforms were evaluated to assess the influence of the preform manufacturing on the matrix integrity. Yarns, films, and impregnation suspensions were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and rheometry. As described in literature, changes in the matrix properties at molten state are observed for all materials. The degradation process is related to a crosslinking process that results in an increase of viscosity and a decrease of crystallization temperature. Differences in degradation behavior were observed depending on the type of preform. Film and yarn extrusion has a limited effect on PAEK behavior, apart from a slight shift in molecular weight, without significant effect on degradation kinetics. However, the organic products that are used for the preparation of semifinished composite products, that is, yarn sizing or suspension additives, have a detrimental effect on stability. The degradation of additives considerably increases the degradation kinetics of the PAEK matrices, and by modifying the thermo‐oxidation mechanisms, the advantages of using complex preforms for consolidation can be annihilated.
Conservation of migratory fishes in the Amazon basin
Authors: Duponchelle Fabrice , Isaac Victoria J. , Rodrigues Da Costa Doria Carolina , Van Damme Paul A. , Herrera‐R Guido A. , Anderson Elizabeth P. , Cruz Rivetla E.A. , Hauser Marilia , Hermann Theodore W. , Agudelo Edwin , Bonilla‐Castillo César , Barthem Ronaldo , Freitas Carlos E.C. , García‐Dávila Carmen , García‐Vasquez Aurea , Renno Jean‐François , Castello Leandro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The Amazon basin hosts the Earth's highest diversity of freshwater fish. Fish species have adapted to the basin's size and seasonal dynamics by displaying a broad range of migratory behaviour, but they are under increasing threats; however, no study to date has assessed threats and conservation of Amazonian migratory fishes.
Here, the available knowledge on the diversity of migratory behaviour in Amazonian fishes is synthesized, including the geographical scales at which they occur, their drivers and timing, and life stage at which they are performed.
Migratory fishes are integral components of Amazonian society. They contribute about 93% (range 77–99%) of the fisheries landings in the basin, amounting to ~US$436 million annually.
These valuable fish populations are mainly threatened by growing trends of overexploitation, deforestation, climate change, and hydroelectric dam development. Most Amazonian migratory fish have key ecological roles as apex predators, ecological engineers, or seed‐dispersal species. Reducing their population sizes could induce cascading effects with implications for ecosystem stability and associated services.
Conserving Amazonian migratory fishes requires a broad portfolio of research, management, and conservation actions, within an ecosystem‐based management framework at the basin scale. This would require trans‐frontier coordination and recognition of the crucial importance of freshwater ecosystems and their connectivity.
Existing areas where fishing is allowed could be coupled with a chain of freshwater protected areas. Management of commercial and subsistence species also needs fisheries activities to be monitored in the Amazonian cities and in the floodplain communities to allow assessments of the status of target species, and the identification of management units or stocks. Ensuring that existing and future fisheries management rules are effective implies the voluntary participation of fishers, which can be achieved by increasing the effectiveness and coverage of adaptive community‐based management schemes.
Functional modeling of recurrent events on time‐to‐event processes
Authors: Spreafico Marta , Ieva Francesca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn clinical practice, it is often the case where the association between the occurrence of events and time‐to‐event outcomes is of interest; thus, it can be modeled within the framework of recurrent events. The purpose of our study is to enrich the information available for modeling survival with relevant dynamic features, properly taking into account their possibly time‐varying nature, as well as to provide a new setting for quantifying the association between time‐varying processes and time‐to‐event outcomes. We propose an innovative methodology to model information carried out by time‐varying processes by means of functional data, modeling each time‐varying variable as the compensator of marked point process the recurrent events are supposed to derive from. By means of Functional Principal Component Analysis, a suitable dimensional reduction of these objects is carried out in order to plug them into a Cox‐type functional regression model for overall survival. We applied our methodology to data retrieved from the administrative databases of Lombardy Region (Italy), related to patients hospitalized for Heart Failure (HF) between 2000 and 2012. We focused on time‐varying processes of HF hospitalizations and multiple drugs consumption and we studied how they influence patients' overall survival. This novel way to account for time‐varying variables allowed to model self‐exciting behaviors, for which the occurrence of events in the past increases the probability of a new event, and to quantify the effect of personal behaviors and therapeutic patterns on survival, giving new insights into the direction of personalized treatment.
Intensification of the Rate of Heat and Liquid‐Solid Mass Transfer at the Wall of a Bubble‐Column Reactor by Turbulence Promoters
Authors: Fathalla Ahmed Salah , Amin Nevine Kamal , El-Ashtoukhy El-Sayed Zakaria , Sedahmed Gomaa Hanafy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRates of heat and liquid‐solid mass transfer in a square bubble column with semicylindrical turbulence promoters at its wall were measured using the electrochemical technique in the bubbly flow regime. Turbulence promoters enhanced the wall liquid‐solid mass or analogous heat transfer coefficients and the corresponding volumetric mass transfer coefficients by factors up to 2.36 and 3.76, respectively, depending on the working conditions. The rate of liquid‐solid mass transfer was improved with increasing superficial gas velocity and decreasing turbulence promoter diameter. The importance of the turbulence promoters as a catalyst support and a built‐in cooler was highlighted. Power consumption measurements revealed that the gas‐sparged reactor outperforms the mechanically stirred reactor.
Simulation of Fluid Flow During Direct Synthesis of H2O2 in a Microstructured Membrane Reactor
Authors: Trinkies Laura L. , Düll Andrea , Deschner Benedikt J. , Stroh Alexander , Kraut Manfred , Dittmeyer Roland 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA microstructured membrane reactor has been developed to overcome the safety and productivity challenge of the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. A single membrane is employed for separate, continuous dosage of the gaseous reactants hydrogen and oxygen to the solid catalyst present in the aqueous solvent. Using a custom OpenFOAM® model, the impact of catalyst‐coated static mixers with different mixer geometries is studied. It is demonstrated that the custom fluid guiding elements outperform the investigated commercial static mixer under the flow conditions relevant to this application.
DNA‐Based Architectures for in situ Target Biomolecule Analysis in Confined Nano‐space†
Authors: Hu Xiaoxue , Huang Yide , Yin Hao , Dai Lizhi , Tian Ye 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn situ target biomolecule analysis is of great significance for real‐time monitoring and regulation of endogenous biomarkers and elementary biomolecules in vivo. Gratifyingly, the rapid evolution of structural DNA nanotechnology during past decades has established an appealing toolbox for biological analysis and medical detection. The modulated self‐assembly and underlying canonical Watson‐Crick base‐pairing rules provide possibilities for accurate controlling of the topologies and functions of obtained nanomaterials. The probes composed of diverse DNA nanostructures and DNA‐nanoparticle complexes can create a confined space, which increases target accessibility and improves probe stability, sensitivity and specificity. In this minireview, we retrospect the research progress of in‐situ biomolecular analysis based on DNA nanostructures for intracellular and in vivo biosensors in confined space. The characteristics of distinct DNA nanomaterials are first introduced, and then the fundamentals of biosensing process of designed DNA nanostructures are emphasized. Moreover, we elucidate our perspective over the challenges of this field and discuss the potential directions of this kind of application‐oriented fabrication technique.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Imidazole‐Fused Imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole Analogues
Authors: Yan Guo Fang , Ji Zheng Chang , Wang Meiyuan , Ai Jiangping , Ying Han Lan , Yang Liu , Fang Lu Ye , Xuan Yang Yu , Guan Piao Ming , Piao Hu‐Ri , Jin Chun‐Mei , Jin Cheng Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThree series of new imidazole‐fused imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole analogues (compounds 20 a–g, 21 a–g, and 22 a–g) have been synthesized, and their antibacterial and antifungal activities have been evaluated. All the target compounds showed strong antifungal activity and high selectivity for the test fungus Candida albicans over Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria. N‐((4‐(2‐Cyclopropyl‐6‐(4‐fluorophenyl)imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazol‐5‐yl)‐5‐(6‐methyl‐pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl)aniline (21 a) showed the highest activity against C. albicans (MIC50=0.16 μg/mL), 13 and three times that of the positive control compounds gatifloxacin and fluconazole, respectively. Compounds 21 a and 20 e did not show cytotoxicity against human foreskin fibroblast‐1 cells, and compound 21 a was as safe as the positive control compounds in hemolysis tests. These results strongly suggest that some of the compounds produced in this work have value for development as antifungal agents.
A retrospective study comparing interventions by oncology and non‐oncology pharmacists in outpatient chemotherapy
Authors: Kaya Michihiro , Nakamura Kazuyo , Nagamine Makiko , Suyama Yukako , Nakajo Michiaki , Uchida Ryo , Hagikura Kakeru , Kanda Ai , Sugiyama Kyohei , Sugiyama Rina , Nakagaki Shigeru , Kimura Midori 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe differences in the clinical pharmacy services (CPS) provided by oncology and non‐oncology pharmacists have not been sufficiently explained.AimThis study aimed to demonstrate the differences in direct CPS provided by oncology and non‐oncology pharmacists for patients and physicians, and to assess the potential impact of these services on medical costs.MethodsWe retrospectively examined CPS provided by oncology and non‐oncology pharmacists for outpatients who underwent chemotherapy between January and December 2016.ResultsIn total, 1177 and 1050 CPS provided by oncology and non‐oncology pharmacists, respectively, were investigated. The rates of interventions performed by oncology and non‐oncology pharmacists for physicians‐determined treatment were 18.5% and 11.3%, respectively (p < .001). The rates of oncology and non‐oncology pharmacist interventions accepted by physicians were 84.6 and 78.8%, respectively (p = .12). Level 4 and Level 5 interventions accounted for 64.6% of all oncology pharmacist interventions and 53.0% of all non‐oncology pharmacist interventions (p = .03). The rates of improvement in symptoms from adverse drug reactions among patients resulting from interventions by oncology and non‐oncology pharmacists were 89.4 and 72.1%, respectively (p = .02). Conservative assessments of medical cost impact showed that a single intervention by an oncology and by a non‐oncology pharmacist saved ¥6355 and ¥3604, respectively.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggested that CPS by oncology pharmacists enable safer and more effective therapy for patients with cancer and indirectly contribute to reducing health care fees.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV in the Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania
Authors: Kimondo Faustini C. , Kajoka Happiness D. , Mwantake Meshack R. , Amour Caroline , Mboya Innocent B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer globally among women in incidence and mortality. Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are disproportionately at a higher risk of developing the disease.AimTo determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical cancer screening among WLHIV in the Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania, following the integration of these services in routine HIV care in the country.Methods and resultsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in the Kilimanjaro region among 297 WLHIV attending care and treatment centers (CTC) in Hai district and Mawenzi regional hospitals in northern Tanzania between 21 August and 3 September 2020. A questionnaire was used for data collection using face‐to‐face interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Frequencies and percentages summarized categorical variables and numerical variables summarized using median and interquartile range (IQR). About half (50.2%) of 297 WLHIV in this study had ever screened for cervical cancer, and 64% screened within the past 12 months preceding the survey. Although 90% ever heard of cervical cancer screening, only 20.5% knew when WLHIV should start screening. Over half (52.5%) had adequate knowledge of prevention, 38.4% on risk factors, and 27.9% of cervical cancer signs and symptoms. Two‐thirds (66.7%) had positive attitudes toward cervical cancer screening. A major source of cervical cancer screening information was the health care providers (80.1%) and the mass media (66%), particularly radio.ConclusionsThe WLHIV in this study had inadequate knowledge but favorable attitudes toward cervical cancer screening, while half had screened for cervical cancer. Efforts should be directed to capacity building of health care providers at CTC and scaling up the mass media campaigns as relevant interventions to promote the uptake of cervical cancer screening programs among WLHIV in Tanzania.
Highly variable chloroplast genome from two endangered Papaveraceae lithophytes Corydalis tomentella and Corydalis saxicola
Authors: Ren Fengming , Wang Liqiang , Li Ying , Zhuo Wei , Xu Zhichao , Guo Haojie , Liu Yan , Gao Ranran , Song Jingyuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe increasingly wide application of chloroplast (cp) genome super‐barcode in taxonomy and the recent breakthrough in cp genetic engineering make the development of new cp gene resources urgent and significant. Corydalis is recognized as the most genotypes complicated and taxonomically challenging plant taxa in Papaveraceae. However, there currently are few reports about cp genomes of the genus Corydalis. In this study, we sequenced four complete cp genomes of two endangered lithophytes Corydalis saxicola and Corydalis tomentella in Corydalis, conducted a comparison of these cp genomes among each other as well as with others of Papaveraceae. The cp genomes have a large genome size of 189,029–190,247 bp, possessing a quadripartite structure and with two highly expanded inverted repeat (IR) regions (length: 41,955–42,350 bp). Comparison between the cp genomes of C. tomentella, C. saxicola, and Papaveraceae species, five NADH dehydrogenase‐like genes (ndhF, ndhD, ndhL, ndhG, and ndhE) with psaC, rpl32, ccsA, and trnL‐UAG normally located in the SSC region have migrated to IRs, resulting in IR expansion and gene duplication. An up to 9 kb inversion involving five genes (rpl23, ycf2, ycf15, trnI‐CAU, and trnL‐CAA) was found within IR regions. The accD gene was found to be absent and the ycf1 gene has shifted from the IR/SSC border to the SSC region as a single copy. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of common CDS showed that the genus Corydalis is quite distantly related to the other genera of Papaveraceae, it provided a new clue for recent advocacy to establish a separate Fumariaceae family. Our results revealed one special cp genome structure in Papaveraceae, provided a useful resources for classification of the genus Corydalis, and will be valuable for understanding Papaveraceae evolutionary relationships.
Women’s perspectives on motivational factors for lifestyle changes after gestational diabetes and implications for diabetes prevention interventions
Authors: Ørtenblad Lisbeth , Høtoft Diana , Krogh Rubab H. , Lynggaard Vibeke , Juel Christiansen Jens , Vinther Nielsen Claus , Hedeager Momsen Anne‐Mette 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication in pregnancy and constitutes a public health problem due to the risk of developing diabetes and other diseases. Most women face barriers in complying with preventive programs. This study aimed to explore motivational factors for lifestyle changes among women with a history of GDM and their suggestions for preventive programs.MethodsThis study used a qualitative approach in six focus group interviews with a total of 32 women. The selection criteria were time since onset of GDM, including women diagnosed with GDM, six months and five years after GDM, diagnosed and not diagnosed with diabetes. Inductive analysis was performed.ResultsThe women reacted with anxiety about their GDM diagnosis and experienced persistent concerns about the consequences of GDM. They were highly motivated to take preventive initiatives, but faced major adherence challenges. The demotivating factors were lack of time and resources, too little family involvement, lack of knowledge and social norms that may obstruct healthy eating. A powerful motivational factor for complying with preventive strategies was the well‐being of their children and partners.ConclusionsPreventive initiatives should be rooted in the women's perception of GDM/diabetes and based on their experiences with barriers and motivational factors. The well‐being and the quality of life within the family are dominant motivational factors which offer powerful potentials for supporting the women's coping capability. Further, there is a need to be responsiveness to the women and their families even a long time after the onset of GDM.
Complement cascade in severe forms of COVID‐19: Recent advances in therapy
Authors: Chouaki Benmansour Nassima , Carvelli Julien , Vivier Eric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe complement system is an essential component of the innate immune system. The three complement pathways (classical, lectin, alternative) are directly or indirectly activated by the SARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). In the most severe forms of COVID‐19, overactivation of the complement system may contribute to the cytokine storm, endothelial inflammation (endotheliitis) and thrombosis. No antiviral drug has yet been shown to be effective in COVID‐19. Therefore, immunotherapies represent a promising therapeutic in the immunopathological phase (following the viral phase) of the disease. Complement blockade, mostly C5a‐C5aR axis blockade, may prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from worsening or progression to death. Clinical trials are underway.