bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educators’ Reasons for Not Practising 2SLGBTQ+ Inclusive Education
Authors: Campbell Christopher , Peter Tracey , Taylor Catherine 
Published: December 2021

In this article, we analyze educators’ self-reported reasons for not addressing LGBTQ topics in their schools in order to develop a clearer picture of the barriers that prevent educators from engaging in LGBTQ-supportive practices. Using hierarchal OLS (ordinary least squares) and logistic regression models to analyze the impacts of demographic, individual-based, and school-based barriers to practising LGBTQ inclusive education, we found that the most common reasons for inaction reported by educators were a lack of training/resources and general fear of opposition from various sources; however, educators who felt that confidence in the level of support for LGBTQ-inclusive education at the school level were less likely to give these as reasons for inaction.
Local Energy Systems in Iraq: Neighbourhood Diesel Generators and Solar Photovoltaic Generation
Authors: Al-Wakeel Ali 
Published: December 2021

Iraqis experience interruptions of the public electricity supply of up to 18 hours a day. In response, private entrepreneurs and the Local Provincial Councils (LPCs) have installed an estimated 55,000–80,000 diesel generators, each rated typically between 100 and 500 kVA. The generators supply neighbourhoods through small, isolated distribution networks to operate lighting, fans and small appliances when power is not available from the public supply. A single radial live conductor connects each customer to the generator and payment for the electricity is based on a monthly charge per ampere. The operation and regulation of the neighbourhood diesel generator networks was reviewed through a comprehensive literature survey, site visits and interviews conducted with local operators and assemblers of the generator sets. The electricity is expensive, the generators can only supply small loads, have considerable environmental impact and the unusual single wire distribution practice is potentially hazardous. However, the use of the generators is likely to continue in the absence of any alternative electricity supply. The diesels and networks are poorly regulated and there is scope to enforce existing standards and develop a new standard to address the hazards of the connection practice. The chapter goes on to assess the possibilities of using small photovoltaic systems for power generation in Iraq.
Samarbeidet mellom utdanning og praksis i helseprofesjonsstudiene kan styrkes
Authors: Wangen Margret Gyda , Mary-Elizabeth Bradley Eilertsen  , Askim Torunn , Rødahl Thingnes Elin , Solberg Hilde Strøm , Granbo Randi 
Published: December 2021

I et pilotprosjekt med utprøving av samarbeidsstillinger, deltok fem ansatte i sykehus og fem universitetsansatte fra fire helsefaglige profesjonsutdanninger. Hver av dem hadde 20 % stilling øremerket formålet. Hensikten med studien var å utforske forventninger til samarbeidsstillinger og erfaringer med å ha øremerkede stillinger for samarbeid. Innsamling av data ble gjort gjennom fokusgruppeintervjuer før og etter prosjektet, med de som inngikk i stillingene. Dataanalysen var inspirert av Malteruds systematiske tekstkondensering.
Resultatene viser at samarbeidsstillinger må forankres i ledelsen og blant kollegaer, både i utdanning og praksisfelt. Samarbeidsstillinger kan bidra til å øke status for praksisdelen av profesjonsutdanningene ved å legge til rette for nye samarbeidsarenaer. Etablering av systematikk i samarbeidet gjennom bruk av nye pedagogiske tilnærminger som SVIP-modellen og hovedveiledermodellen, kan styrke rollen til praksisveiledere og gi dem økt kompetanse i veiledning av studenter. Nye pedagogiske møtepunkter og tydeligere rollefordeling i praksisveiledning av studenter vil også kunne styrke samarbeidet mellom utdanning og praksisfelt.
Comparative Physiochemical Analysis of Kachi Ghani, Solvent Oil and refined Oil Extracted from Brassica nigra
Authors: Gill Ruth , Kaur Rajinder , Kaur Sukhminderjit 
Published: December 2021

Brassica nigra or black mustard is traditionally used in various states of India from the ages. It is being commercially used in the form of kachi ghani, solvent oil (non-edible), and refined oil. Due to the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of kachi ghani mustard oil, it is considered to be of better quality. On the other hand, literatures also state that refined oil is better due to the purification processes. There is ambiguity regarding quality aspects of these three oil fractions. Therefore, the present study was planned for the comparative analysis the quality and physiochemical characterization of kachi ghani, solvent and refined oil. Commercially free fatty acids value, acid value, color, presence of argemone, pungency of oil and content of various monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids is determined to check quality of commercial grade edible oils. In consequence, it was observed that kachi ghani consists of less free fatty acids (0.37±0.02%), less acid value (0.74±0.04mg/g) and high pungency (0.279%) as compared to solvent and refined oil. Kachi ghani embrace more natural color (32.0 units) in comparison to solvent oil which was way darker and refined oil which was very light. The percentage of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids was spotted to be 6.44%, 64.360% and 28.64% respectively in kachi ghani oil. The study shows that saturated fatty acids such as palmitic C-16, stearic C-18, behanic C-22 and lignoceric C-24 were present in kachi ghani. In solvent oil, palmitic C-16, stearic C-18, behanic C-22, and lignoceric C-24 were found whereas only palmitic acid was present in refined oil. High content of monounsaturated fatty acids were found in oil. Eicosenoic C-20:1, Oleic C-18:1, Eurcic C 22:1 and Nervonic C-24:1 unsaturated fatty acid was found in all the three fractions of oil.
Granisetron Versus Ondansetron for Prevention of Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Tabassum Rafia , Khaskheli Muhammad Saleh , Awan Aijaz Hussain , Meraj Munazzah , Irfan Rao 
Published: December 2021

Aim: To determine the efficacy of single dose Granisetron versus ondansetron in preventing PONV in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methodology: A total of 100 patients were included in this study after the ethical approval of PUMHSW. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, in (Group G) 50 patients were given Granisetron and in (group O) 50 patients were given Ondansetron. Every patient was evaluated for PONV at one hour, two hours, three hours, six hours, twelve hours and 24 hours post operatively.
Results: A sample of 100 patients with age between 20-60 years (mean age 43.72±5.67 years), were included in this study. Patients were received granisetron 1 mg I/V and other patients received ondansetron 4mg I/V before induction.
Conclusion: we concluded that there was no significant difference between efficacy of granisetron and ondansetron as the p-value is found to be ≤0.05.
Comparative assessment of Placental Weight and Fetal Outcome in Normal and Anaemic Mothers during Intranatal Period in Selected Hospitals in India
Authors: Lalhriatpuii . , Thool Bali 
Published: December 2021

Background: Despite the fact that anaemia during pregnancy is the most prevalent and significant health problem in impoverished nations, anaemia has a negative impact on the placenta and fetal development. The placenta is a growing organ that provides nutrition, oxygen, and eliminates excretory wastes for the fetus while also acting as a protective barrier throughout pregnancy. If the placenta is compromised by anaemia, it has a negative impact on the foetus's growth.
Methods and Materials: Comparative descriptive research design was used, 60 subjects (30 normal mothers and 30 anaemic mothers) were allotted and in this study the purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. The aim of the study was to compare the placental weight and fetal outcome in normal mothers and anaemic mothers. The objectives of the study were (i) To assess the placental weight in normal mothers and anaemic mothers. (ii)To assess the fetal outcome in normal mothers and anaemic mothers. (iii)To compare the placental weight and fetal outcome in normal and anaemic mothers.
Results: The result of the study shows that 93% normal mothers had average condition of placental weight, 2% normal mothers had good condition of placental weight while in anaemic mothers it was found that 30 percent had average condition of placental weight, 73.3% normal mothers had average condition of fetal outcome, 26.7% normal mothers had good condition of fetal outcome while in anaemic mothers it was found that 93.3% percent had average condition of fetal outcome, 06.7% had good condition of fetal outcome.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the comparison between placental weight and birth weight of babies shows significant difference with a positive relationship in both the groups. This means as the placental weight increases the birth weight also increases and vice-versa.
Heavy Metal, Aflatoxin, Pesticide Residue, Microbial Analysis of Siddha Polyherbal Formulation Veppampoo mathirai
Authors: Chitra S. M. , Anbu N. 
Published: December 2021

Aim: The polyherbal siddha formulation veppampoo Mathirai is effective in regulating blood pressure but its safety is not known. The heavy metal, aflatoxins, pesticide residue, microbial count have not been evaluated so far. The current study evaluated the above parameters. The present study was aimed to evaluate the safety parameters (heavy metal, aflatoxin, pesticide residue and microbial profile) of Veppampoo Mathirai.
Materials and Methods: According to AYUSH [Ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha, naturopathy] Pharmacopoeial laboratory for Indian medicine (PLIM) guidelines, the formulation was evaluated for its safety parameters at Noble research solutions, kolathur, Chennai, accredited with ISO 9001: 2015.Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) was used for testing heavy metals and aflatoxins were tested using Thin layer chromatography(TLC). The Pesticide residues content was estimated by GC/MS while microbial count by pour plate method.
Results: The study revealed presence of heavy metals mercury, arsenic, lead and cadmium within the recommended limit as per AYUSH Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine Guidelines whereas presence of Aflatoxin, pesticide residues and microbes were absent in the sample which showed the formulation Veppampoo Mathirai (VPM) was free from toxicity.
Conclusion: VPM showed heavy metal content below the permissible limit as per PLIM guidelines of AYUSH. Aflatoxins and pesticide residue were not detected while the microbes and specific pathogens were absent in the current batch of VPM. Hence, the present study ensures the formulation was safe for therapeutic use.
Amelioration of Cell Phone and Wi Fi induced Pancreatic Damage and Hyperglycemia (Diabetes Mellitus) with Pomegranate and Vit E in Rats
Authors: Sibghatullah Hadiya , Sangi Sibghatullah Muhammad Ali , Ahmedani Elsamoual Ibrahim , Alqahtani Ali , Bawadekji Abdulhakim , Harsha Sree 
Published: December 2021

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has become a global concern. To date numerous studies have been conducted but little literature is available to explain the effects of mobile phone radiation on pancreas, where from Insulin is secreted. In Some studies, effects of ionizing radiation have been examined and established the relationship between cell phone exposure and cell damage.
Objectives: Objectives of study were to observe the effects of mobile phones, connected with WiFi on the pancreas.
Methods: 40 male Wistar Albino rats were exposed tomobile phones connected with Wi-Fi for eight weeks.
Results: The histopathological examination of the rat pancreas revealed that, exposure of rats to cell phones and Wi-Fi causes significant damage to the rat pancreas.
Conclusion: The ionizing radiation emitted from cell phones and WiFi causes increase in oxidative stress leading to inflammation and pancreatic cell death that may affect glucose homeostasis.
1,2‐Oxazetidines
Authors: Hu Lin 
Published: January 2025

2‐[(4‐Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]‐1,2‐oxazetidine

image

[1803352‐97‐7]

C
9
H
11
NO
3
S

(MW 213.25)

InChI =
1S/C9H11NO3S/c1‐8‐2‐4‐9(5‐3‐8)14(11,12)10‐6‐7‐13‐10/h2‐5H,6‐7H2,1H3

InChIKey =
KSGQRKFCTYNESY‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

(used as an electrophilic oxygen or aminomethylation/hydroxymethylation reagent)

Alternative Names: N
‐tosyl‐1,2‐oxazetidine,
N
‐Ts‐1,2‐oxazetidine.

Physical Data:
mp 71–72 °C; IR (cm
−1
) 1594 (m), 1351 (s), 1165 (s).

Solubility:
soluble in DCM, THF, MeOH, DMSO, ethyl acetate, toluene, etc.

Analysis of Reagent Purity:
1
H NMR,
13
C NMR.

Preparative Methods: N
‐Ts‐1,2‐oxazetidine
1
can be prepared in a two‐step sequence from the readily available
O
‐(2‐bromoethyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride.

1–4

The protection of this hydrochloride (1.0 equiv) with
p
‐toluenesulfonyl chloride (2.4 equiv) in pyridine gave the
N
‐Ts hydroxylamine
5
in 57% yield. Then, treating
5
with NaH (60 wt% in mineral oil, 2.25 equiv) in THF afforded the
N
‐Ts‐1,2‐oxazetidine
1
as a white solid in 94% yield (eq 1). Alternatively, using nosyl chloride and Boc
2
O as the protecting reagents, the related
N
‐Ns‐1,2‐oxazetidine
2
and
N
‐Boc‐1,2‐oxazetidine
3
can be prepared from the same procedure in similar yields.

image

Purification:
purified by flash column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether/EtOAc = 1:1) or recrystallized from DCM.

Handling, Storage, and Precaution:
stable for extended periods when stored in refrigerator; use in a fume hood.
4‐Methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl Azide
Authors: Johansson Magnus , Weis Erik 
Published: January 2025

image

[25474‐85‐5]

C
9
H
9
N
3
O
3

(MW 207.19)

InChI =
1S/C9H9N3O3/c1‐14‐8‐4‐2‐7(3‐5‐8)6‐15‐9(13)11‐12‐10/h2‐5H,6H2,1H3

InChIKey =
NQBRFIXRZDTIRQ‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

SMILES

C(OC(N=[N+]=[N‐])=O)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1

Canonical SMILES

[N‐]=[N+]=NC(=O)OCC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1

(reagent mostly used in substitutions (Moz protection of amines); 1,3 dipolar cycloadditions (click chemistry); and CH functionalizations

1

)

Alternative Names
:

4‐methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl azide

4‐methoxybenzyl azidoformate

4‐methoxybenzyl carbonazidate

carbonazidic acid, (4‐methoxyphenyl)methyl ester

formic acid, azido‐,
p
‐methoxybenzyl ester

benzyl alcohol,
p
‐methoxy‐, azidoformate

MozN
3

Z(OMe)‐N
3

Physical Data:
off‐white solid,

2

after recrystallization colorless needles,

2,3

white to off‐white powder (Sigmac) JACS.

Characterization
:
1
H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl
3
c)
δ
7.30–7.35 (m, 2
H
c), 6.88–6.92 (m, 2
H
c), 5.16 (s, 2
H
c), 3.81 (s, 3
H
c);
13
C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl
3
c)
δ
160.3, 157.6, 130.7, 126.6, 114.2, 70.2, 55.4; IR ν = 2188, 2131 cm
−1
(−CON
3
c), 1717 cm
−1
(−COc);

4

mp 30–32 °C.

2

Solubility:
dioxane

2,5

soluble in most organic solvents; insoluble in water.

Form Supplied in:
off‐white solid, commercially available.

Analysis of Reagent Purity:
1
H NMR,
13
C NMR, IR, elemental analysis.

Preparative Methods:
prepared from
p
‐methoxybenzyl carbamate by treatment with sodium nitrite and acetic acid.

2

Alternatively, by reaction of in situ generated
p
‐methoxybenzyl chloroformate and sodium azide with the addition of pyridine (
p
‐methoxybenzyl chloroformate generated from
p
‐methoxybenzyl alcohol and phosgenec).

3

Note: formation of explosive carbazides observed.

6

Purification:
extracted with diethyl ether, washed sequentially with aqueous citric acid and sodium carbonate, dried over sodium sulfate and volatiles removed in vacuo at 15 °C.

3

Crystalized directly by the addition of petroleum ether and refrigeration,

3

or by solid recrystallization from petroleum ether.

2

Handling, Storage, and Precaution:
decomposition onset at about 126 °C, reaches its maximum at 153 °C (DSCc). Given this, handling of neat material at or below room temperature (under 26 °Cc) is recommended. Although the material could have explosive properties, mechanical sensitivity of the solid was not observed. Therefore, the most likely mode of initiation would be heating of the material. Stored refrigerated. Given the explosive hazard, substitution for less energetic alternatives, especially for larger‐scale application, is recommended if possible.
4‐Fluoro‐2,6‐dicyanopyridine
Authors: Ullrich Sven , Nitsche Christoph 
Published: January 2025

image

[2968514‐49‐8]

C
7
H
2
FN
3

(MW 147.11)

InChI =
1S/C7H2FN3/c8‐5‐1‐6(3‐9)11‐7(2‐5)4‐10/h1‐2H

InChIKey =
OYXYUVMEIMAJAW‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

(electrophilic reagent for the facile preparation of 2,6‐dicyanopyridine‐substituted side chains in amino acids, peptides, and proteins)

Alternative Names:
4‐fluoropyridine‐2,6‐dicarbonitrile (IUPAC), 4F‐DCP, FDCP.

Physical Data:
mp 101 °C.

Solubility:
soluble in acetone, CH
2
Cl
2
, CHCl
3
, DMF, DMSO, Et
2
O, EtOAc, MeCN, MeOH, PhCH
3
, THF; insoluble in
n
‐hexane,
n
‐heptane.

Form Supplied in:
white crystalline solid.

Analysis of Reagent Purity:
NMR, GC‐MS, and IR.

Preparative Methods:
nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 4‐chloropyridine‐2,6‐dicarbonitrile and CsF in DMSO at high temperature.

Purification:
liquid–liquid extraction followed by silica flash column chromatography.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions:
refrigerate solid; toxicity unknown.
Polarization‐Controlled Multifunctional Metasurfaces for Ultraviolet‐Visible Dual‐Band Imaging
Authors: Butt Naureen , Kim Joohoon , Mahmood Nasir , Park Yujin , Kang Dohyun , Gao Dongliang , Zubair Muhammad , Tauqeer Tauseef , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Gao Lei , Rho Junsuk 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetasurfaces have emerged as a rapidly advancing technology enabling easy‐to‐integrate planar photonic devices, owing to their exceptional control of light‐matter interaction at a subwavelength scale. They offer unique optical functionalities for various applications, including medical imaging. Despite their early successes, fixed capabilities and narrow operational bandwidths limit their integration into advanced chip‐scale photonic systems. Addressing the need for ultra‐compact, high‐performance UV–Vis imaging tools in microscopic and bio‐imaging, a band gap‐engineered silicon nitride‐based polarization‐controlled, single‐cell‐driven, dual‐band (UV–Vis) all‐dielectric imaging platform is developed. This platform integrates multiple optical effects through a single metasurface, utilizing the spatial symmetry of localized fields within the nanoresonator. This design leverages the holographic principle and polarization decoupling effect to simplify the complexity of broadband/dual‐band metasurfaces. To validate the design, a multifunctional metalens, and a meta‐vortex plate, demonstrating efficient structuring of UV–Vis light, is developed. Supported by rigorous numerical and experimental investigations, this work marks a significant advancement in UV–Vis imaging technologies, setting a new standard for medical diagnosis, disease prognosis, and clinical technology innovation. It is envisioned that broadband, multifunctional imaging devices are becoming a next‐generation platform across interdisciplinary frontiers.
CoSe2@NiSe‐CoSe2 Heterojunction for Enhanced Electrocatalytic 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Oxidation Coupled with Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Shuai , Cai Wenting , Jin Mengmeng , Zhang Tongxue , Zhang Zhiwei , Liu Qingzhao , Liu Xijun , Zhang Xubin , Wang Fumin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectrochemical 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) offers a promising approach to producing valuable chemicals and facilitating coupled H2 production. A significant challenge in the HMFOR lies in elucidating the interaction mechanisms between the active sites and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). However, the unpredictable reconstruction of active sites during the catalytic process complicates the understanding of these mechanisms. In this study, a novel heterojunction (CoSe2@NiSe‐CoSe2/NF) is synthesized using a straightforward hydrothermal method combined with classical selenization. This heterojunction demonstrates exceptional electrocatalytic performance for direct HMF oxidation, achieving a Faradaic efficiency of 2,5‐furanedicarboxylic acid (FDCA) up to 97.9%. Notably, it requires only 1.29 V versus RHE to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the HMFOR‐assisted hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The high activity of the heterojunction primarily arises from interfacial electron redistribution. Specifically, Co modulates the band structure of Ni, with Se serving as the intermediary. This modulation increases the adsorption energy of HMF and reduces the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step in HMFOR. This research not only achieves the selective synthesis of high‐value chemicals but also provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure‐performance relationship of the catalyst, offering a new pathway for the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts.
Coacervate‐Derived Assembly of Poly(ethylene glycol) Nanoparticles for Combinational Tumor Therapy
Authors: Liu Hanru , Ren Dandan , Geng Huimin , Tian Yuan , Li Mengqi , Wang Ning , Yuan Shiling , Hao Jingcheng , Cui Jiwei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCoacervates have garnered significant attention as potential drug carriers. However, the instability resulting from their intrinsic membrane‐free nature restricts the application of coacervates in drug delivery. Herein, the engineering of poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (PEG NPs) is reported using coacervates composed of PEG and polyphenols as the templates, where PEG is subsequently cross‐linked based on different chemistries (e.g., thiol‐disulfide exchange, click chemistry, and Schiff base reaction). The reported assembly strategy avoids the template removal process and the resultant PEG NPs exhibit excellent stability in the physiological environment compared to coacervates. The presence of polyphenols in PEG NPs enables the loading of various cargos including metal ions (i.e., Ru, Gd, Mn, Fe) and drug molecules (i.e., doxorubicin), which demonstrates their promise in magnetic resonance imaging and combinational tumor therapy. This work provides a promising strategy to promote the development of coacervate‐derived NPs as a drug delivery system for biomedical applications.
Reactive Oxygen Species Resistive Redox Mediator in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Wook , Hwang Jiwon , Kim Ja‐Yeong , Morais Gabriel N. , Tang Katie S. , Choi Myungsoo , Choi Haeun , Youn Hong‐Bin , Kim Seoung‐Tae , Ha Jee Ho , Kang Seok Ju , Chen Shuming , Suh Sung‐Eun , Kwak Won‐Jin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe utilization of redox mediators (RMs) in lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) has underscored their utility in high overpotential during the charging process. Among the currently known RMs, it is exceptionally challenging to identify those with a redox potential capable of attenuating singlet oxygen (1O2) generation while resisting degradation by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as 1O2 and superoxide (O2•−). In this context, computational and experimental approaches for rational molecular design have led to the development of 7,7′‐bi‐7‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (BAC), a newly suggested RM incorporating N–N interconnected aza‐bicycles. BAC harnesses the advantages of falling within the potential range that suppresses 1O2 generation, as previously reported N–N embedded non‐bicyclic RMs, and effectively defends against ROS‐induced degradation due to the incorporation of a novel bicyclic moiety. Unlike the non‐bicyclic RMs, which exhibit reduced O2 evolution after exposure to 1O2, BAC maintains consistent O2 profiles during charging, indicating its superior 1O2 resistance and steady redox‐catalyst performance in LOBs. This study introduces a precise and rational design strategy for low‐molecular‐weight RMs, marking a significant step forward in advancing LOB development by improving efficiency, stability, and practical applicability.