bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keratoplasty and Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Taylor Daniel M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The art and science of intraocular lens implantation surgery is expanding. Highly successful results with elderly uncomplicated cataract patients have led to cautious implantation surgery in patients with co-existing eye disease. The results of implantation surgery achieved in sixteen patients with combined corneal disease and cataract formation are analyzed. In twelve patients penetrating keratoplasty was performed prior to cataract removal and implantation surgery, performed simultaneous with or in combination with secondary implantation in previously aphakic eyes. Vitrectomy was avoided in all primary lens insertion procedures but was necessary in two secondary implantations without untoward effect In this entire group of twelve patients all grafts have remained clear, there was minimal tissue reaction and visual return was excellent In those with pre-existing corneal disease not requiring keratoplasty including one instance of Fuch's Corneal Dystrophy, there was no change in corneal status as a result of implantation surgery.
Combined Cyclodialysis and Cataract Extraction
Authors: Shields M Bruce , Simmons Richard J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Combined cyclodialysis and cataract extraction was performed on 78 eyes in a consecutive series of 26 years duration. This operation was performed on eyes with severe glaucoma, inadequately controlled on maximum medical therapy, and with a cataract needing extraction. Glaucoma types included open-angle, angleclosure with peripheral anterior synechias, combined open-angle and angleclosure, and secondary to uveitis. Seventy of the 78 eyes had follow-up of six months or more and the results in these 70 eyes were analyzed. In thirteen percent of the eyes in this study the postoperative intraocular pressure was the same or higher than the preoperative level, or reductions of intraocular pressure were not clinically significant Eighty-seven percent (61 eyes) had a clinically significant lowering of intraocular pressure following the combined procedure. Thirty-nine percent (27 eyes) of the 70 eyes in this study had a tension of 0-14 mm Hg, and 44% (31 eyes) had a tension of 15-20 mm Hg.
Intraocular pressure was improved significantly more often in patients over 60 years of age. Resulting intraocular pressures of 14 mm Hg or less were more likely when the cyclodialysis was performed in the lower quadrant The results of the combined procedure were not significantly influenced by the type of glaucoma involved or by a history of previous glaucoma surgery. Bleeding was a frequent complication, but was not related to resulting intraocular pressure. Other complications were rare.
We conclude that combining cyclodialysis with cataract extraction is safe and effective, and is a suitable procedure when there is need for surgery to relieve severe glaucoma, along with a need for cataract extraction.
Radial Keratotomy: Preliminary Report of Complications
Authors: Rowsey J James , Balyeat Hal D 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We have observed the following complications with radial keratotomy which require further evaluation: missing the visual axis while marking the central cornea, regression of myopic flattening, epithelial defects, recurrent erosions, stromal overgrowth, Cogan's map-dot fingerprint corneal dystrophy with Moncreiff iron lines, blood in the incisions, vascular ingrowth, perforation of the anterior chamber, induction of astigmatic errors, epithelial ingrowth, glare complaints and decreased night vision, pain, fluctuating vision from morning to evening, overcorrection and unpredictable results, contact lens refitting difficulties, endothelial cell loss, and corneal scarring.
We feel these complications require extensive further study before the relative safety and long-term efficacy of this experimental procedure may be determined.
Total Keratoplasty in Peripheral Corneal Degeneration
Authors: Mohammadi Hosein , Morton Ronald L , Wetterholm Dennis 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A case of total penetrating homologous keratoplasty with excellent visual improvement is reported. The postoperative course was remarkably uneventful. Sodium Hyaluronate (Healon) was used at the time of surgery. We believe that the use of Healon facilitated the intraoperative procedure and eliminated peripheral anterior synechiae with associated secondary glaucoma. The graft remained entirety clear during the 13 months of postoperative observation. The tension was below 14 mm Hg. The visual acuity improved to 20/20.
The Slit Canaliculus
Authors: Hurwitz J J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Canalicular stent tubes were inserted in patients at canaliculo-dacryocystorhinostomy, dacryocystorhinostomy with a common internal punctum membrane, or at dacryocystorhinostomy with small mucosal anastomosis. Canalicular slits occurred in 16% of cases, more often with polyethylene than with silicone, and more often with increased duration of implantation. With a large patent mucosal flap anastomosis, slitting did not significantly impair function. The need for adequate mucosal anastomosis is emphasized in the treatment of Canalicular disease.
A Teaching Mirror for Patient's Observations During Indirect Ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Rednam Krishna Rao V 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We developed a technique by which patients can observe the central fundus of their own contralateral eye during indirect ophthalmoscopy. This is achieved by adding an angulated mirror to the side of the presently available teaching mirror of the indirect ophthalmoscope. Self-indirect ophthalmoscopy is also feasible when the light source is kept stable.
Alloplastic Epikeratophakia for the Correction of Aphakia
Authors: McDonald Marguerite B , Koenig Steven B , Friedlander Miles H , Hamano Takashi , Kaufman Herbert E 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Plastic implants were combined with epikeratophakia grafts on the primate cornea. Implants in intrastromal pockets survived but did not substantially increase refractive powers. When implants were placed simultaneously with lyophilized epikeratophakia grafts, necrosis and loss of the graft ensued. Alloplastic implants survived on the cornea only if the overlying tissue contained living keratocytes, i.e., fresh donor tissue grafted over the implant or established lyophilized grafts in which the peripheral scar was opened slightly and the implant slipped between the graft and the cornea. Advantages of easily replaced implants include the ability to accommodate changing refractive needs, as for infants with monocular aphakia.
Relaxing Keratotomy for Post-Keratoplasty High Astigmatism
Authors: Sugar Joel , Kirk Ann K 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Seventeen patients underwent relaxing keratotomy for post-keratoplasty high astigmatism (range 8.5 to 18.0 diopters). The mean reduction in cylinder was 7.53 (±3.13 SD) diopters, with a range from 2.5 to 11.5 diopters. There was a trend toward a more myopic spherical equivalent of 1.69 (±2.29 SD) diopters with a range of 0.43 diopters of flattening to 5.5 diopters of steepening. Perforations occurred in two patients, but none had a permanent negative outcome.
Intraocular Lens Implantation in Developing Countries: An Ophthalmic Surgical Dilemma
Authors: Young Peter W , Schwab Larry 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Rapid and remarkable development of intraocular lens technology during the past 10 years has made intraocular lens (IOL) implantation the standard of practice with cataract surgery in wealthy industrialized nations. However, although visual results of IOL implantation are vastly superior to aphakic spectacle correction after cataract surgery, several factors mitigate against the widespread implantation of IOLs in most developing nations: the high cost of surgical equipment, ancillary drugs, and intraocular lenses; difficulty in postoperative follow-up of cataract surgical patients; and a dearth of surgical personnel properly trained in IOL technology in developing nations.
While many of these problems could be addressed through national initiatives, a major area of concern remains that of manpower, since the number of unoperated cataract patients is immense. One strategy for alternative surgical manpower development is the training of medical assistants to perform cataract surgery, as is presently being carried out in several African nations. The question arises, however, as to whether medical assistants, as opposed to ophthalmologists, are qualified to select patients and implant IOLs.
Relationship Between Age at Time of Cataract Extraction and Time Interval Before Capsulotomy for Opacification
Authors: Maltzman Barry A , Haupt Ed , Notis Corey 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This retrospective study reviews the time interval between extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens placement and neodymium (Nd): YAG laser posterior capsulotomy relative to the age of the patient at the time of cataract surgery. Two hundred thirteen consecutive laser procedures involving eyes that had had extracapsular cataract extraction within 6 years were reviewed. We found that there was an upper limit on the time interval from extracapsular cataract extraction to Nd: YAG posterior capsulotomy for all patients eventually requiring a Nd: YAG capsulotomy. This time limit appeared to be directly proportional to the age of the patient at the time of his or her cataract surgery: the older the patient at the time of surgery, the longer the period the patient was at risk for requiring a capsulotomy. Beyond this time limit, the likelihood that an Nd: YAG capsulotomy would be required was less than 2.5%. The prolonged period of risk for elderly patients may be related to an age-related decline in lenticular hyperplasia.
The Use of Viscoelastic Substances in the Drainage of Postoperative Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage
Authors: Baldwin Larry B , Smith Thomas J , Hollins Jack L , Pearson P Andrew 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a serious surgical complication occurring in up to 10% of aphakic patients undergoing filtration surgery. Surgical treatment includes drainage of the hemorrhage through sclerotomies and reformation of the anterior chamber with balanced salt solution or air. Two patients are presented whose suprachoroidal hemorrhages were managed with the instillation of 10% sodium hyaluronate. The intraocular administration of a space-occupying fluid produces an even distribution of hydraulic force to facilitate drainage of the hemorrhage and avoids the optical problems associated with the use of intraocular air. While most cases of suprachoroidal hemorrhage can be effectively managed using balanced salt solution or air, we believe that viscoelastic agents may be of special benefit in selected situations.
Peribulbar Anesthesia for the Repair of Orbital Floor Fractures
Authors: Kezirian Guy M , Hill Fred D , Hill F Jerry 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Four patients underwent successful repair of an isolated orbital floor fracture under local anesthesia. The surgical approach was by antero-inferior orbitotomy, with placement of a Nylamid plate (S Jackson Ine, Washington, DC). The anesthetic technique used was a peribulbar and infratrochlear nerve block with local supplementation. Digital control of the globe was maintained during the peribulbar injection to prevent ocular perforation. We conclude that local anesthetic for this procedure in carefully selected cases is safe and efficacious, avoiding the morbidity of a general anesthetic.
A Comparison of Visual Outcome in Open-Globe Repair: Succinylcholine With D-Tubocurarine vs Nondepolarizing Agents
Authors: Wang Michael L , Seiff Stuart R , Drasner Kenneth 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We compared the visual outcome in patients with ocular perforations who received succinylcholine with d-tubocurarine during anesthesia induction, with the visual outcome of those who did not. No statistically significant differences in visual outcome were detected. No extrusion of intraocular contents occurred during induction in either group.
Hyperopia, Anisometropia, and Irregular Astigmatism in a Patient Following Revisional Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Olson Randal J , Biddulph Michael C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a patient who underwent bilateral radial keratotomy (RK) followed by a bilateral revisional RK for undercorrection. After the second procedure, the patient had a severely flattened left cornea, with marked hyperopia and irregular astigmatism. The right eye, however, remained myopic, causing extreme anisometropia. We hypothesize that the different results in these two eyes may have been due to a critical number of damaged left corneal stromal fibers. Patients undergoing revisionai RK or requiring additional incisions may be at increased risk for such a complication.
Laser Sclerostomy Ab Externo Using Mid Infrared Lasers
Authors: Wetzel Wolfgang , Scheu Manfred 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An ab externo fistulizing procedure (sclerostomy) was performed in vivo in 48 rabbit eyes using a pulsed (20 µs and 200 µs) Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser (2120 nm) and a pulsed (200 µs) Erbium:YAG (ErYAG) laser (2940 nm). The laser energy was delivered via an infrared transmitting fiber in contact with the sclera, with the fiber inserted into a specially sharpened retractable cannula in order to guide it into the subconjunctival space. An additional optical fiberfiber coupling system was required for the Er-YAG laser. A patent fistula (200-micrometer diameter) with formation of a filtering bleb and marked intraocular pressure reduction was achieved in nearly all cases. Significant intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred only with the 20-microsecond Ho:YAG laser. Trauma to the conjunctiva was as minimal as in a subconjunctival injection. The Er.YAG laser created a smaller thermal damage zone at the fistula walls and required significantly less laser energy than the Ho-YAG laser.
Peters' Anomaly: A Review of 26 Penetrating Keratoplasties in Infants
Authors: Parmley Vernon C , Stonecipher Karl G , Rowsey J James 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We reviewed the specimen records log of the McGee Eye Institute Histopathology Service from January 1979 to December 1990 for penetrating keratoplasty specimens submitted with a clinical diagnosis of Peters' anomaly. The records of the 19 cases thereby identified were reviewed for clinical outcome and visual rehabilitation, and the histopathology of all specimens was reviewed and correlated with the clinical diagnosis.
Two specimens from the same patient were eliminated as histopathologically inconsistent with Peters' anomaly; one patient's data were not used because the patient was an adult when first grafted. Six eyes were grafted two or more times, for a total of 26 grafts on 16 eyes in 10 patients. Mean age at the time of first transplant was 18 weeks (range, 3 weeks to 40 months). Mean follow up was 30 months (range, 7 months to 61/z years). Five eyes had preoperative glaucoma which persisted postoperatively. Ten eyes developed glaucoma postoperatively. Of the 15 eyes with glaucoma, 14 were uncontrolled medically and 12 underwent cyclodestructive or Molteno filtering procedures, or both, to control pressure. Graft rejection developed in 9 of the 10 eyes that required a cyclodestructive procedure, with partial or complete graft failure occurring shortly after the procedure. Glaucoma did not develop in one eye; in one other eye, it was medically controlled. These 2 eyes maintained clear grafts. Of the 6 eyes that were regrafted, only 1 obtained ambulatory vision.
Of the 26 eyes receiving grafts, the grafts failed completely in 17 and partially in 5; 4 have remained clear. Five patients maintain ambulatory vision.
Visual Recovery Following Transethmoidal Optic Nerve Decompression in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Amrith Shantha , Pham Tuan , Chee Caroline , Chan Tat Keong 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a case in which visual acuity improved after decompression of the optic canal by a transethmoidal approach performed 13 days after the initial trauma.
Temperature Distributions in Porcine Orbital Tissues Following the Use of CO2 and Nd:YAG Lasers
Authors: Chedid Mokbel K , Handy Francine F , Wilkinson D Allan , Kennerdell John S , Maroon Joseph C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Temperature distributions in the orbital tissues of a live porcine model were obtained during and immediately following the application of CO2 and Nd:YAG (both contact and noncontact) laser irradiation to muscle tissue adjacent to the optic nerve. Temperatures were measured with thermocouples and an infraredsensitive thermographie camera system. Significant thermal spread was observed only in the case of the contact Nd:YAG laser, along with histologie evidence of damage to the optic nerve. After the laser was switched off, the target cooled with a time constant on the order of 10 seconds.
Microwave-Induced Retinal Destruction With Sparing of Sclera and Choriocapillaris
Authors: Bhatt Nitul , Peyman Gholam A , Khoobehi Bahram , Golshani M Reza 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We studied the effect of short-term hyperthermia on sclera, choroid, and retina by delivering microwave radiation (2.45 GHz) for 1 minute to 12 eyes of Dutch belted pigmented rabbits. Four eyes each were treated with 430C, 450C, and 470C and followed for 4 weeks. The 430C group showed minimal disruption of retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina, with pigment migration; the 450C and 470C groups showed complete retinal and RPE damage, pigment migration, and glial proliferation. At the same time, the sclera and choroid in all of the eyes remained essentially unchanged. We conclude that microwaveinduced hyperthermia can create retinal scarring without significant damage to sclera and choriocapillaris. The next experimental step will be to refine the microwave delivery system to ensure predictable and reproducible lesions.
Melanocytoma of the Ciliary Body With Scleral Extension
Authors: Stokes Douglas W , O'Day Denis M , Glick Alan D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 35-year-old woman had a circumscribed pigmented scleral lesion overlying a pigmented mass in the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork. Sclerectomy and iridocyclectomy were performed. Histologically, the lesion proved to be a melanocytoma. This represents to our knowledge the fourth reported case of scleral extension of a ciliary body melanocytoma.
Filtering Blebs: Follow Up of Trabeculectomy
Authors: Vesti Eija 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively reviewed the results of 88 primary trabeculectomies with 1- to 5-year (mean, 3-year) follow up in an attempt to correlate the biomicroscopic appearance and function of the filtering bleb with intraocular pressure (IOP), and to detect possible risk factors for bleb failure. IOP in 74% of the eyes was « 21 mm Hg without medication. Three eyes needed retrabeculectomy. A diffuse filtering bleb was present in 36 (42%), a flap-sized bleb in 42 (50%), and no bleb in 7 (8%). Among these three groups, those with diffuse blebs had the lowest IOP, the highest proportion of eyes without medication, and the highest tonographic C value. Early postoperative hypotony tended to occur more often in the eyes with flap-sized blebs and in those in which the bleb failed. Blebs tended to fail more often in the younger patients.
Ocular Hypotony and Choroidal Effusion following Bleb Needling
Authors: Potash Seth D , Ritch Robert , Liebmann Jeffrey 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A choroidal effusion, hypotony, and a shallow anterior chamber developed in a patient following a transconjunctival needling revision of an encapsulated filtering bleb. While choroidal effusions occur frequently following filtration surgery, to our knowledge, this complication has not been previously reported following a filtering bleb needle revision.
A Closed Chamber Technique for Repair of Iridodialysis
Authors: Zeiter John H , Shin Dong H , Shi Dian X 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We have developed a surgical technique for repair of traumatic iridodialysis, in which a 25-gauge hypodermic needle is used to place a 10-0 polypropylene suture in sewing-machine fashion through a closed anterior chamber. The technique also can be modified to secure a posterior capsule with a partial zonular dialysis, such as may occur during phacoemulsffication or cortical clean-up.
Glaucoma Drainage Implants in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Netland Peter A , Walton David S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To assess the use of drainage implants in pediatric patients with glaucoma refractory to conventional medical and surgical therapy, we retrospectively reviewed 20 consecutive eyes in children 10 years of age or younger treated with 16 Molteno (three of which were removed and replaced with second Molteno shunts) and seven Baerveldt implants. The age of the patients ranged from 1 month to 10 years (mean, 3 years). The patients had undergone a mean of two previous failed glaucoma procedures (range, one to six). The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) prior to drainage tube implantation was 37 ± 4 mm Hg, compared with a mean of 18 ± 6 mm Hg following surgery, with average postoperative follow up of 25 months (range, 8 to 41 months). The overall success, defined as IOP ≤ 21 mm Hg without further surgical therapy, was 80%. Postoperative glaucoma medications were required in 75% of patients. There were 23 complications, one of which resulted in decreased visual acuity. These findings demonstrate that drainage tube implants can be effective in lowering IOP in uncontrolled pediatric glaucomas. Patients often require postoperative glaucoma medications and close monitoring for complications.
A Review of the Outcome of Trabeculectomy in Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Vesti Eija , Raitta Christina 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The outcome of trabeculectomy in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma and exfoliative glaucoma was reviewed.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 87 consecutive eyes of 87 patients with open-angle glaucoma. The outcome of trabeculectomy was correlated with a biomicroscopic appearance of the filtering bleb. Visual acuity, myopic shift in refraction, and lens opacity measurements were used as indicators for cataract progression. The effect of viscoelastics on complications and short-term outcome was studied in a randomized series of 107 eyes.
* RESULTS: In a series of 87 eyes, 61% had intraocular pressure (IOP) of less than 22 mm Hg without glaucoma medication 1 year after surgery. After 3 years, the corresponding success rate was 74% in a series of 85 eyes that had preoperative pupillary dilation of 4 mm or more.
* CONCLUSION: The difíuse filtering bleb type was associated with the greatest decrease in IOP. Unfavorable flap-sized blebs and bleb failures were associated with preoperative treatment with miotics, anterior fistulation, and postoperative hypotony. These patients also tended to be younger. In a randomized, prospective study of 107 eyes, the use of sodium hyaluronate had no significant effect on the incidence of complications or on the short-term outcome. Age 61 years or older, exfoliative glaucoma, postoperative hypotony, and IOP peaks were identified as risk factors for accelerated cataract progression after trabeculectomy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:128-132.]