bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of Surgical Residents about Learning in Operation Theatres at CHICH Using STEEM
Authors: Talat Nabila , Sethi Ahsan , Mirza Bilal , Kamran Muhammad , Sandhu Asif , Liaqat Naeem , Ahsan Amna , Fayyaz Saira , Mahmood Nasir 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction:
Educational environment or learning environment is a context in which teaching, training and grooming of post graduate residents occurs. Surgical specialty as a whole and operating rooms in particular are very important in terms teaching and training. Perception of residents as to this learning environment is quite vital to their learning and should be assessed objectively to identify weak and strong areas of the environment. The Surgical Theatre Educational Environment Measures (STEEM) questionnaire is an instrument that can be used to assess perception of residents about learning environment in operation theatre.
Objective:
To evaluate the perception of surgical post-graduate residents about their learning environment in operating rooms and compare this perception among different strata of residents as to age, gender, and year of residency.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at The Children’s Hospital & The Institute of Child Health Lahore. STEEM questionnaire was used to check the perceptions of educational environment in surgical theatres. This study was carried out from July 2019 to September 2019. A total of 62 surgical residents were given printed questionnaire after informed consent. The data was analyzed through SPSS V24 and descriptive and inferential analyses performed.

Results:
Out of 62 surgical residents, 61 responded (Response rate 98.3%). Mean age of residents was 29.27 years (±2.37); 45 residents were male whereas 16 were females (2.8:1). Majority of residents were from 3rd (34.4%) and 4th (21.3%) year of their residency. The total mean score was 147.66 (±18.57). No difference in mean scores were found as to age and sex of participants; whereas, responses were statistically more positive for residents in their first year or fifth year of their residency. Overall 53 residents gave favorable/positive response.
Conclusion:
Overall residents had good perception about their training and supervisors, learning opportunities in operation theatre, atmosphere in operation theatre, and supervision being provided to them.
Key words
STEEM, Surgical, Perception, Surgical residents, Learning environment, Operation theatre learning.
Assessing the Learning environment of major Specialty PGRs in a tertiary care Hospital by Health Education Learning Environment Survey (HELES)”
Authors: Ahmad Qamar Ashfaq 
Published: September 2021

Background:
There are many surveys available to quantify educational climate of postgraduate residents but these are lacking in validity and theoretical background. Health education learning environment survey (HELES) with 35 questions in six subscales is used in undergraduates with good results.
Objectives:
To quantify current health education learning environment of our Post graduate residents of FCPS/MS/MD in Surgery, Medicine and Gynae & Obs in a tertiary care hospital by using HELES tool. This quantification will help Supervisors, Hospital administrators to monitor their programs, suggest and bring improvement.

Methods:
A cross sectional study was done in Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore from 10th Sep to 1st Oct 2019. A sum of 90 residents in FCPS/MS/MD program with 30 each from Surgery, Medicine and Gynae & Obstetrics were selected. A predesigned HELES proforma with 35 questions subdivided in 6 factors and 3 main dimensions was used. In “Personal development “a mean score of 34 and above was taken as positive score. In “Relationship” and in “System maintenance” dimension a mean score of 48 and above was taken as positive. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22 and p value of 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results:
Out of 90 residents, 57 (63.3%) were males and 33 (36.7%) were females without any significant difference between gender. The mean age was 27.4 ± 3.6 years. The mean score of all the residents in Surgery, Medicine and Gynae & Obs in all the three dimensions remained below the average reference values, which implies that our postgraduates are not content with the learning environment they live in. The comparison of means among different specialties was 0.02 which was statistically significant. Resident’s response in all the three dimensions with their year of training was significant with a p value of < 0.05. 2nd year residents of all specialties scored comparatively high in all the three dimensions
Conclusion: PGRs in the 3 major specialties were dissatisfied with their health education learning environment. Maximum were discontent in Relationship dimension especially in Faculty relationship factor, then in System maintenance and then in Personal development dimension. Residents of Gynae & Obstetrics exhibited significantly low score in System Maintenance dimension.

Key words: Health, education, learning, environment, residents
Emotional Intelligence of Pakistani Doctors and its relationship with Patient Doctor Relationship
Authors: Waheed Syeda Shaista 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Evaluation of the impact of the emotional intelligence (EI) of doctors on patient satisfaction could help in identifying areas of deficiencies in a particular organization. EI plays a pivotal role in successful medical practice. However, it is studied very little in the Pakistani hospital environments for doctors as well as nursing staff. There is still a lack of understanding about the impact of EI on the working of our health care system.
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the emotional intelligence of resident doctors and its correlation with the satisfaction level of patients.
Methods: This study was done with post-graduate residents (from the first to the fourth year). This was a correlational study conducted at Nawaz Sharif Medical College (NSMC), Gujrat for 6 months from March-August 2019. Sixty postgraduate residents took part in it. Convenient sampling was done, and prior permission was taken from the ethical review board of NSMC. Anonymous Wong and Law The emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) questionnaire was filled voluntarily by residents (self-rating) and by the sister in charge (feedback). A patient feedback form was filled by the patients about the attending doctor to measure patient satisfaction level. Correlation between the EI of doctors and patient satisfaction level was assessed. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Correlation between EI and patient satisfaction level was calculated with the application of paired sample t-test.
Results: The EI level of doctors rated by the Nurse in charge’s feedback was higher as compared to the one rated by self and positively correlated with the patient-doctor relationship. A higher score of EI is seen to be related to a high patient satisfaction level. P-value was <0.01 and R square value was 0.655 for correlation of EI (feedback) with patient satisfaction. The correlation of EI (self-rated) with patient satisfaction showed a P-value of 0.818 and an R square value of 0.001. The correlation between EI (Self-rated) and EI (feedback) was not statistically significant (0.167) as calculated by pair sample t-test.
Conclusion: Higher scores of EI in doctors are positively correlated with patient satisfaction. EI of resident doctors calculated by feedback method is higher as compared to the one assessed by themselves.
Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Patient satisfaction, Feedback.
UJI MODEL FISIK PENGENDALIAN ELEVASI DASAR SUNGAI DI SEKITAR INTAKE POLDER ALABIO, KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA, PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN VANE
Authors: Nugroho Joko , Miranti Febry Asthia , Kumala Yiniarti Eka , Harlan Dhemi 
Published: September 2021

Pada makalah ini disampaikan hasil penelitian terhadap pengendalian elevasi dasar sungai di depan intake dengan menggunakan vane, pada kasus intake Irigasi Polder Alabio, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara, Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan, dengan menggunakan model fisik. Intake dari daerah irigasi ini berada di Sungai Negara. Lahan pada DAS Sungai Negara semakin kritis sehingga terjadi pendangkalan dasar sungai, sehingga hal ini dapat mengganggu kinerja operasional intake irigasi teknis. Pemodelan fisik di laboratorium dilakukan dengan menggunakan skala geometri 1:40, dengan kala kecepatan dan debit ditentukan berdasarkan keserupaan aliran berdasarkan bilangan Froude. Model vane yang digunakan di laboratorium berukuran panjang 10 cm, tebal 1 cm, tinggi 3 cm. Pengujian dilakukan dengan debit prototip 263,17 m3/s dan 65,53 m3/s. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan didapatkan bahwa pemasangan vane dapat menurunkan elevasi dasar sungai di depan intake. Kemapuan vane dalam menurunkan elevasi dasar sungai dipengaruhi oleh jarak terhadap intake dalam arah lateral maupun longitudinal. Dari simulasi pada model fisik, perbandingan volume sedimen yang masuk akibat vane terhadap volume sedimen eksisting dapat diturunkan hingga 44%.
Sino-French Trade at Canton, 1698-1842
Authors: Schopp Susan E. 
Published: September 2021

Sino-French Trade at Canton, 1698–1842 fills a gap in Canton Trade scholarship with this new account of France’s near century-and-a-half experience in that trade. From the distinctive features of the Sino-French trade model to vessels and sea routes, from the physical environment of the Pearl River Delta and the structure of the French hongs in Canton to the daily life of traders, the author draws on both French and other archival sources to bring the history to life, and challenges a number of common assumptions about both the French experience and the Canton Trade in the process. The French were early to engage in direct trade at Canton, and their movements were closely watched by their rivals; in addition, their contributions to the trade were both significant and diverse, ranging from the cultural to the nautical. The French East India Company, which was the product of an absolute monarchy, was distinctive for the dominant role played in its operations by the state. Yet this did not prevent legitimate private trade from playing a sometimes surprising role. Written in a reader-friendly style, Sino-French Trade at Canton, 1698–1842 will appeal to audiences interested in the Canton Trade, early modern Chinese history, shipping history, and cross-cultural encounters. Appendices provide a list of all known French voyages between 1698 and 1842, as well as a listing of French return cargoes from China in 1766.
Effect of Importation Ban on Rice Production in Bade Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Owoade E. O. , Umar M. B. , Abubakar M. , Abdulhakeem A. L. , Lailai I. Y. 
Published: September 2021

Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the importation ban on rice production in Bade Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria.
Methodology: A two-stage sampling procedure was used to select 110 respondents. The study used a structured questionnaire and oral interview to collect data from rice farmers on socioeconomic characteristics, change in input utilization, access to factors of production, adoption of new ideas and practices, and change in rice production. Data were analyzed using means, frequency counts, percentages, correlation analysis and z-test. The study was conducted between February and June in the year 2021.
Results: The findings revealed that 36.6% of the respondents were within the age range of 31-40 years while the mean age was 38.62 years. The majority (90.1%) were males and the majority (80.2%) were married. Only 14.9% of the respondents did not acquire formal education. There was a great increase in the utilisation of herbicides (mean=4.47), water pumps (mean=4.58), fertilizers (mean =4.62) and seeds (mean =4.79). Access to credits (mean =1.27), pesticides (mean =1.56), knapsack sprayers (mean =1.71), water pumps (mean =1.76), fertilizers (mean =1.81) and farmlands (mean =1.89) was high but access to subsidies (mean =0.70) and extension services (mean =0.69) was low. There was significant positive correlation between age (r=0.56, p=0.00), income, (r=0.43, p= 0.00), size of farm holding, (r=0.30, p= 0.02), household size (r=0.23, p= 0.02), change in input utilisation (r=0.22, p=0.03) and change in rice production. A significant difference existed between the quantity of rice produced before the ban and after the ban (z=-4.54, p˂0.05).
Conclusion: The importation ban policy of the Federal Government of Nigeria caused a substantial increase in paddy rice production. The study recommended that the government proactive measure on rice importation ban should be sustained to make the country self-sufficient in rice production.
Antibody Response of Buffalo Calves to Different Levels of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Immunogen
Authors: Akram Qaiser , Farooqi Shahid Hussain , Rizwan Hafiz Muhammad , Zahid Beenish , Naeem Muhammad Ahsan , Ali Qurban , Idrees Asif , Taseer Muhammad Sulman Ali , Farid Muhammad Umar , Iqbal Zeeshan 
Published: September 2021

Antibody response of buffalo calves to different levels of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus immunogen was investigated. Vaccine containing 106.2 units of immunogen/TCID50 of FMD virus (O, A and Asia-1) serotypes induced log2 (1.3± 0.4) units of anti-FMD O Complement Fixing Geometric Mean antibody (FMD O CFT-CGM) titer, log2 (1.4±0.3) units of anti-FMD A CFT-CGM titer and log2 (2.0±0.7) units of anti-FMD Asia-1 CFT-CGM titer. The vaccine containing 2x106.2 units of immunogen of each of the virus serotypes induced log2 (2.2±0.2) units of anti- FMD O CFT-CGM titer, log2 (2.1±0.25) units of anti- FMD A CFT-CGM titer and log2 (3.4±0.8) units of anti-FMD Asia-1 CFT-CGM titer. The vaccine containing 3x106.2 units of TCID50 of each of the virus serotypes induced log2 (5.3 ± 2.0) units of anti-FMD O CFT-CGM titer, log2 (4.6±1.9) units of anti-FMD A CFT-CGM titer and log2 (5.0±2.2) units of anti- FMD Asia-1 CFT-CGM titer. Moreover, buffalo calves (n=3) which were primed and boosted with 60 days interval using vaccine containing 2x106.2 units of immunogen of each of the virus serotype, showed log25.0 and log26.3 units of anti FMD O CFT-GMT antibody titer, log24.6 and log26.0 units of anti FMD A CFT GMT antibody titer, log25.6 and log26.0 units of anti FMD Asia-1 CFT GMT antibody titer, on 30 and 120 days post boosting.
Antibody response of buffalo calves was directly proportional to amount of FMD virus immunogen serotypes in the vaccine.
Achieving Efficient Phosphorescence and Mechanoluminescence in Organic Host–Guest System by Energy Transfer
Authors: Yang Jianhui , Wu Xinghui , Shi Jianbing , Tong Bin , Lei Yunxiang , Cai Zhengxu , Dong Yuping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHost–guest doping strategy greatly facilitates and expands the scope of construction of organic phosphorescence materials. Herein, triphenylamine with excellent crystallinity is chosen as the host, and four guests with 2–4 triphenylamine repeating units are chosen as the guests. The similarity in molecular structures of the host and guests simplifies the exploration of the luminescence mechanism in the doped system. The doped materials display strong room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with above 200 ms lifetimes and 30% quantum yields. In addition, the doped system emits blue fluorescence under mechanical stimulation, that is, shows a phenomenon of mechanoluminescence (ML). The experimental results prove that the host plays different roles in different luminescence processes. In the photophosphorescence process, the triplet energy level of the host assists the guest excitons to undergo intersystem crossing. Meanwhile, in the ML process, the energy generated as a result of piezoelectric property of the host crystal is transferred to the guest, causing the guest molecules to emit fluorescence. This work is significant for the construction of doped materials with multiple luminescence properties, including RTP and ML.
Ubiquitination Flow Repressors: Enhancing Wound Healing of Infectious Diabetic Ulcers through Stabilization of Polyubiquitinated Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐1α by Theranostic Nitric Oxide Nanogenerators
Authors: Yang Yiqi , Huang Kai , Wang Minqi , Wang Qishan , Chang Haishuang , Liang Yakun , Wang Qing , Zhao Jie , Tang Tingting , Yang Shengbing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCurrent treatments for diabetic ulcers (DUs) remain unsatisfactory due to the risk of bacterial infection and impaired angiogenesis during the healing process. The increased degradation of polyubiquitinated hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) compromises wound healing efficacy. Therefore, the maintenance of HIF‐1α protein stability might help treat DU. Nitric oxide (NO) is an intrinsic biological messenger that functions as a ubiquitination flow repressor and antibacterial agent; however, its clinical application in DU treatment is hindered by the difficulty in controlling NO release. Here, an intelligent near‐infrared (NIR)‐triggered NO nanogenerator (SNP@MOF‐UCNP@ssPDA‐Cy7/IR786s, abbreviated as SNP@UCM) is presented. SNP@UCM represses ubiquitination‐mediated proteasomal degradation of HIF‐1α by inhibiting its interaction with E3 ubiquitin ligases under NIR irradiation. Increased HIF‐1α expression in endothelial cells by SNP@UCM enhances angiogenesis in wound sites, promoting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and cell proliferation and migration. SNP@UCM also enables early detection of wound infections and ROS‐mediated killing of bacteria. The potential clinical utility of SNP@UCM is further demonstrated in infected full‐thickness DU model under NIR irradiation. SNP@UCM is the first reported HIF‐1α‐stabilizing advanced nanomaterial, and further materials engineering might offer a facile, mechanism‐based method for clinical DU management.
Nature‐Inspired Circular‐Economy Recycling for Proteins: Proof of Concept
Authors: Giaveri Simone , Schmitt Adeline Marie , Roset Julià Laura , Scamarcio Vincenzo , Murello Anna , Cheng Shiyu , Menin Laure , Ortiz Daniel , Patiny Luc , Bolisetty Sreenath , Mezzenga Raffaele , Maerkl Sebastian Josef , Stellacci Francesco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe billion tons of synthetic‐polymer‐based materials (i.e. plastics) produced yearly are a great challenge for humanity. Nature produces even more natural polymers, yet they are sustainable. Proteins are sequence‐defined natural polymers that are constantly recycled when living systems feed. Digestion is the protein depolymerization into amino acids (the monomers) followed by their re‐assembly into new proteins of arbitrarily different sequence and function. This breaks a common recycling paradigm where a material is recycled into itself. Organisms feed off of random protein mixtures that are “recycled” into new proteins whose identity depends on the cell's specific needs. In this study, mixtures of several peptides and/or proteins are depolymerized into their amino acid constituents, and these amino acids are used to synthesize new fluorescent, and bioactive proteins extracellularly by using an amino‐acid‐free, cell‐free transcription–translation (TX–TL) system. Specifically, three peptides (magainin II, glucagon, and somatostatin 28) are digested using thermolysin first and then using leucine aminopeptidase. The amino acids so produced are added to a commercial TX–TL system to produce fluorescent proteins. Furthermore, proteins with high relevance in materials engineering (β‐lactoglobulin films, used for water filtration, or silk fibroin solutions) are successfully recycled into biotechnologically relevant proteins (fluorescent proteins, catechol 2,3‐dioxygenase).
Tailoring Plasmonics of Au@Ag Nanoparticles by Silica Encapsulation
Authors: Schultz Johannes , Kirner Felizitas , Potapov Pavel , Büchner Bernd , Lubk Axel , Sturm Elena V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHybrid metallic nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in oxide shells are currently intensely studied for plasmonic applications in sensing, medicine, catalysis, and photovoltaics. Here, a method for the synthesis of Au@Ag@SiO2 cubes with a uniform silica shell of variable and adjustable thickness in the nanometer range is introduced and their excellent, highly reproducible, and tunable optical response is demonstrated. Varying the silica shell thickness, the excitation energies of the single NP plasmon modes can be tuned in a broad spectral range between 2.55 and 3.25 eV. Most importantly, a strong coherent coupling of the surface plasmons is revealed at the silver–silica interface with Mie resonances at the silica–vacuum interface leading to a significant field enhancement at the encapsulated NP surface in the range of 100% at shell thicknesses t ≃ 20 nm. Consequently, the synthesis method and the field enhancement open pathways to a widespread use of silver NPs in plasmonic applications including photonic crystals and may be transferred to other non‐precious metals.
Molecular Crowding Effect in Aqueous Electrolytes to Suppress Hydrogen Reduction Reaction and Enhance Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Guo Ying , Gu Jinxing , Zhang Rong , Zhang Shaoce , Li Zhen , Zhao Yuwei , Huang Zhaodong , Fan Jun , Chen Zhongfang , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe H2 evolution reaction (HER), one of the most intractable issues for the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR), seriously hinders NH3 production selectivity and yield rate. Considering that hydrogenation reactions are essential to the aqueous NRR process, acidic electrolytes would be an optimum choice for NRR as long as the proton content and the HER kinetics can be well balanced. However, there is a striking lack of strategies available for electrolyte optimization, i.e., rationally regulating electrolytes to suppress HER and promote NRR, to achieve impressive NRR activity. Herein, a HER‐suppressing electrolytes are developed using hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the electrolyte additive by taking advantage of its molecular crowding effect, which promotes the NRR by retarding HER kinetics. On a TiO2 nanoarray electrode, a significantly improved NRR activity with NH3 Faraday efficiency (FE) of 32.13% and yield of 1.07 µmol·cm−2·h−1 is achieved in the PEG‐containing acidic electrolytes, 9.4‐times and 3.5‐times higher than those delivered in the pure acidic electrolytes. Similar enhancements are achieved with Pd/C and Ru/C catalysts, as well as in an alkaline electrolyte, demonstrating a universally positive effect of molecular crowding in the NRR. This work casts new light on aqueous electrolyte design in retarding HER kinetics and expediting the NRR.
Revealing the dependence of CO2 activation on hydrogen dissociation ability over supported nickel catalysts
Authors: Pu Tiancheng , Shen Liang , Xu Jing , Peng Chong , Zhu Minghui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the present work, we demonstrate that the mechanism and kinetics of CO2 activation, as the first step of its hydrogenation, over supported nickel catalysts is particle size sensitive owing to the distinct H2 dissociation ability over nickel particles with various sizes. Large nickel nanoparticles facilitate H2 dissociation, enabling CO2 activation via a kinetically favored redox mechanism compared to small nickel nanoparticles that activate CO2 via the formate mechanism. The elucidation of the dependency of the catalytic reaction pathway on particle size will guide the rational design of supported nickel catalysts for selective CO2 hydrogenation. This work demonstrated in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction, CO2 is activated through different mechanisms due to different H2 dissociation capabilities over supported Ni catalysts with different particle sizes, which provides a convincing experimental explanation for the structural sensitivity of nickel‐based catalysts.