bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“How Do We Play this Thing?”: The State of Historical Research on Videogames
Authors: Guay-Bélanger Dany 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Though previously overlooked by academia, scholars from a wide array of fields now consider videogames as a serious subject of inquiry. The emergence of game studies as a standalone discipline has led to the publication of high-quality work on the medium, yet the field of videogame history is still immature. Initial attempts to introduce critical historical analysis of videogames in a field dominated by journalistic accounts were themselves plagued by an overemphasis on videogame canons and on the United States and Japan. In effect, early writings by videogame historians resembled “great man” theory, something one could qualify as “great game” theory. Over the last decade, this situation has started to be redressed and there are now growing efforts to produce solid historical scholarship on videogames. Still, game scholars and game historians need to collaborate, engage in conversation, and develop and adapt proper methods to conduct historical research on videogames in order to write relevant histories of this relatively young medium.
Nanoengineered photoactive theranostic agents for cancer
Authors: Jain Nishant K. , Chathoth Bavya M. , Bhaskar Vinil S. , Meena Himanshu , Prasad Rajendra , Srivastava Rohit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cancer has gained much attention because of slow development of advanced diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. So far, conventional procedures like surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are only available options for cancer treatment which have various limitations. To overcome the limitations of conventional procedures, nanodiagnostics, and therapeutics are emerging approaches for localized diagnosis and treatment of cancer nowadays. So far, various bio-mimicking and stimuli active cancer theranostic platforms have been established but they are limited only for animal studies and their clinical translational progress is slow. Among various cancer theranostics platforms, photoresponsive systems have shown promising outcomes for cancer theranostics applications due to their specific physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, multifunctionality etc. Moreover, these photothermal agents in combination with diagnostics probes and surface functional targeting moieties demonstrate their synergistic response for site selective imaging and ablating cancer cells/tumor. Photoactive principles are rife and with increasing access to light irradiation setups, more the discovery of photoactive products, more would be the success reaped in cancer battle. This review highlights recent developments in cancer nanotheranostics with a special focus on photoactive functional nanotheranostics. Moreover, the challenges involved in clinical translation of photoactive materials along with their application in vivid areas of cancer nanomedicine and elucidate the future implications on photoactive therapy have been addressed here.
The crystal structure of 13-(pyrazole-1-yl-4-carbonitrile)-matrine, C19H25N5O
Authors: Li Jun-Jie , Dong Fang-Yun , Zou Qi-Wen , Feng Yin , Yang Yu-Tao , Su Kai-Xuan , Huang Yong-Fu , Jiang Xu-Hong , Cheng Xing-An 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C19H25N5O, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 16.0600(2) Å, b = 5.3992(1) Å, c = 19.8514(2) Å, β = 94.260(1)°, V = 1716.58(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0350, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0908, T = 100.00(10) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-7-methoxy-2-((6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methylene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C18H17NO3
Authors: Wang Lei , Meng Qing-Guo , Jiang Nan , Wei Lin , Wang Chun-Hua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C18H17NO3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 14.702(3) Å, b = 7.0421(11) Å, c = 15.303(3) Å, β = 113.32(2)°, V = 1454.9(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0522, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1274, T = 100.03(18) K.
The crystal structure of 4-chloro-thiophenol, C6H5ClS
Authors: Manana Pholani , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C6H5ClS, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 5.7461(2) Å, b = 9.7601(4) Å, c = 5.7466(3) Å, β = 95.869(2)°, V = 320.59(2) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0216, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0545, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-7-fluoro-2-((6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methylene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C17H14FNO2
Authors: Su Xiang-Yi , Zhang Xiao-Fan , Meng Qing-Guo , Li Hong-Juan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C17H14FNO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 15), a = 7.3840(6) Å, b = 10.9208(8) Å, c = 16.7006(15) Å, β = 101.032(9)°, V = 1321.84(19) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0589, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1561, T = 100.00(18) K.
The crystal structure of dichlorido-bis(3-methyl-3-imidazolium-1-ylpropionato-κ2)-cadmium(II), C14H20CdCl2N4O4
Authors: Yang Fei , Wang Zongwei , Liu Pengju , Guo Libing , Xian Dong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C14H20CdCl2N4O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.261(3) Å, b = 16.390(5) Å, c = 13.967(4) Å, β = 95.850(4)°, V = 1881.3(10) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0342, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0873, T = 296 K.
Future directions of material chemistry and energy chemistry
Authors: Cao Jing , Ma Ding , Yu Shu-Hong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Energy is an important substantial foundation for the survival and development of humans. However, the over-consumption of resources and environmental pollution have become more prominent. The key factors for solving energy problems are to increase energy utilization efficiency and optimize energy structure. The development of new materials is the research emphasis in the field of material chemistry all the time. For instance, developing new light-capture materials and catalysts to improve the efficiency of existing photovoltaic cells is one of the most effective approaches to increasing solar power capacity radically. The design of high-performance catalytic materials to make better use of energy from fossil fuels and biomass. In addition, it is an important research direction of material chemistry and energy chemistry to deeply understand the reaction mechanism of energy conversion.
Structural and electronic properties of Cu4O3 (paramelaconite): the role of native impurities
Authors: Živković Aleksandar , Sheehama Jacobina , Warwick Michael E. A. , Jones Daniel R. , Mitchel Claire , Likius Daniel , Uahengo Veikko , Dzade Nelson Y. , Meenakshisundaram Sankar , Dunnill Charles W. , de Leeuw Nora H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hybrid density functional theory has been used to study the phase stability and formation of native point defects in Cu4O3. This intermediate copper oxide compound, also known as paramelaconite, was observed to be difficult to synthesize due to stabilization issues between mixed-valence Cu1+ and Cu2+ ions. The stability range of Cu4O3 was investigated and shown to be realized in an extremely narrow region of phase space, with Cu2O and CuO forming readily as competing impurity phases. The origin of p-type conductivity is confirmed to arise from specific intrinsic copper vacancies occurring on the 1+ site. Away from the outlined stability region, the dominant charge carriers become oxygen interstitials, impairing the conductivity by creating deep acceptor states in the electronic band gap region and driving the formation of alternative phases. This study further demonstrates the inadequacy of native defects as a source of n-type conductivity and complements existing experimental findings.
Magnetic field controlled behavior of magnetic gels studied using particle-based simulations
Authors: Weeber Rudolf , Kreissl Patrick , Holm Christian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This contribution provides an overview of the study of soft magnetic materials using particle-based simulation models. We focus in particular on systems where thermal fluctuations are important. As a basis for further discussion, we first describe two-dimensional models which demonstrate two deformation mechanisms of magnetic gels in a homogeneous field. One is based on the change of magnetic interactions between magnetic particles as a response to an external field; the other is the result of magnetically blocked particles acting as cross-linkers. Based on the qualitative behavior directly observable in the two-dimensional models, we extend our description to three-dimensions. We begin with particle-cross-linked gels, as for those, our three-dimensional model also includes explicitly resolved polymer chains. Here, the polymer chains are represented by entropic springs, and the deformation of the gel is the result of the interaction between magnetic particles. We use this model to examine the influence of the magnetic spatial configuration of magnetic particles (uniaxial or isotropic) on the gel’s magnetomechanical behavior. A further part of the article will be dedicated to scale-bridging approaches such as systematic coarse-graining and models located at the boundary between particle-based and continuum modeling. We will conclude our article with a discussion of recent results for modeling time-dependent phenomena in magnetic-polymer composites. The discussion will be focused on a simulation model suitable for obtaining AC-susceptibility spectra for dilute ferrofluids including hydrodynamic interactions. This model will be the basis for studying the signature of particle–polymer coupling in magnetic hybrid materials. In the long run, we aim to compare material properties probed locally via the AC-susceptibility spectra to elastic moduli obtained for the system at a global level.
Linear, spatio-temporally resolved ultrasound measurement of the liquid fraction distribution in froth
Authors: Emmerich Hannes , Schaller Ludwig , Nauber Richard , Knüpfer Leon , Heitkam Sascha , Czarske Jürgen , Büttner Lars 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Froth flotation is an important process for separating metal particles from gangue. A single flotation circuit for copper uses approx. 44 billion litres water a year. In situ process monitoring of the foam’s parameters and closed-loop control can reduce the resource use. However, no measurement technique is broadly employed that yields the liquid fraction distribution in the froth. Optical measurements are prevented by the bulk foam’s opacity. Though, ultrasound in the low frequency range is able to penetrate froth.
In this paper we investigate the application of ultrasound to measure the local liquid content of aqueous foam in the axis of the ultrasound beam. Assuming a dependency of the backscattering coefficient b on the foam’s liquid fraction ϕ, we developed a model to calculate b from the echo signal. Local backscattering coefficients

b

n

{b_{n}}

can be determined for time gated windows and show a trend in the dependency on the foam’s liquid fraction ϕ (for

ϕ
<
0.8

\phi <0.8

%). The absolute uncertainty of the liquid fraction determined by means of an electrical reference measurement is

σ

ϕ

=
0.079

{\sigma _{\phi }}=0.079

%.
We demonstrated the capability of spatio-temporally resolved measurements with a frame rate of 0.33 Hz and an axial resolution of 7.9 mm in an experiment with a time-varying, inhomogeneous liquid fraction. This research work is contributing to a determination of in situ information of the foam’s parameter in a flotation process.
Immature platelet fraction: is a novel early predictive marker for disease severity in patients with Covid-19 pneumonia?
Authors: Incir Said , Komesli Zeynep , Baygul Arzu , Tasdemir Zeynep Atam , Palaoglu Kerim Erhan , Kant Hatice , Kapmaz Mahir , Tekin Suda , Kilic Alparslan , Dagel Tuncay , Okan Ayse , Somay Kayra , Akpinar Timur Selcuk 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In many diseases, immature platelet fraction (IPF%) is related to coagulopathy and poor outcome. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of IPF% for the severity of pneumonia in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
A total of 154 patients with COVID‐19 infections were included. The patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of pneumonia (severe and non-severe) regarding their oxygen demand.

Results
Given laboratory parameters, the median IPF% was significantly higher in the severe group (11.9 vs. 3.9%, p<0.001). Mean platelet volume (p<0.001), platelet-large cell ratio (p=0.001), platelet distribution width (p=0.001), D-Dimer (p<0.001), INR (p=0.003), and aPTT (p=0.007) were also found to be significantly higher in the severe group. Moreover, IPF (p=0.014, Odds ratio = 2.000, 95%CI: 1.149-3.482) was an independent predictor for the severity. The curve value from receiver operating characteristics was 0.879 (p<0.001, 95%CI: 0.784-0.943) for determining the severity of pneumonia. IPF% had a sensitivity and specificity value of 69.5 and 92.4% to detect the disease’s severity.

Conclusions
IPF% is an independent predictor for the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Assessment of IPF% may both help to early determine high-risk patients with COVID-19 and to alert the physicians.
Bovine endometrial cells do not mount an inflammatory response to Leptospira
Authors: Molinari Paula C C , Nally Jarlath E , Bromfield John J 
Published: July 2021

Leptospirosis causes abortion, premature birth, and stillbirth in cattle, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Infected cattle shed Leptospira intermittently and present a range of clinical symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. The primary route of Leptospira transmission in any animal is the colonization of the renal tubule and excretion by urine; however, Leptospira can also colonize the female reproductive tract of cows and can be transmitted by semen. Vaccination against Leptospira in the US is routine in cattle, but immunity is not guaranteed. The cell wall of Leptospira contains toll-like receptor agonists including peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide. The capacity of Leptospira to initiate an innate inflammatory response from uterine endometrial cells is unknown but may be a cause of reproductive failure. Using cell culture, we tested the capacity of bovine endometrial epithelial cells or human monocytes to elicit an inflammatory response to Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strain TC273. Cells were exposed to either heat-killed Leptospira, Leptospira outer membrane, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, Pam3CSK4 or medium alone for 2 to 24 h. Exposure of bovine endometrial epithelial cells or human monocytes to heat-killed Leptospira or Leptospira outer membrane did not induce the expression of IL1A, IL1B, IL6, or CXCL8, while exposure to E. coli lipopolysaccharide or Pam3CSK4 increased the expression of IL1A, IL1B, IL6, and CXCL8 compared to control cells. This data suggest that Leptospira does not trigger a classical inflammatory response in endometrial cells. Understanding the interaction between Leptospira and the female reproductive tract is important in determining the mechanisms of Leptospirosis associated with reproductive failure.

Lay summary
Cows infected with the Leptospira have abortion and stillbirth. It is not known how Leptospira causes pregnancy failure in the cow. We tested if Leptospira causes inflammation in cells of the uterus which triggers pregnancy failure. We collected cells from the uterus of healthy cows at the abattoir and placed them into culture with Leptospira and measured the expression of genes associated with inflammation. To our surprise, cells of the uterus did not respond to Leptospira; however, the same cells did respond to other disease-causing bacteria found in the uterus. This suggests that cells of the uterus can recognize bacteria and produce an inflammatory reaction but not in response to Leptospira. This finding suggests the immune system of the uterus cannot detect Leptospira which may go on to cause reproductive failure in cows. Understanding how Leptospira interact with cells of the uterus will help reduce pregnancy failure of cows with leptospirosis.
A talajok aggregátum-stabilitásának vizsgálati lehetőségei I. Makroaggregátum-stabilitás
Authors: Viktória Labancz , Gyöngyi Barna , Tamás Szegi , András Makó 
Published: July 2021

A makroaggregátumok stabilitásának meghatározására számos mérési módszer és értékelési lehetőség létezik. Ezek önállóan eredményesen alkalmazhatók az aggregátumok stabilitásának vizsgálatára (valamilyen romboló hatást megpróbálnak szimulálni, valamilyen körülményt megpróbálnak standardizálni stb.), ám ezek a módszerek egymással nehezen összevethetők. Az évek során jogosan merült fel a szabványosítás igénye, ám a kialakult nemzetközi szabvány módszertana igen bonyolult, éppen ezért csak kevesen kívánják azt alkalmazni. Hasonló a helyzet a különféle stabilitási mutatók esetében is: sokféle mutató használatos, ezek különkülön jól jellemezhetik a talajok aggregátum-stabilitását, de a mutatók párhuzamos használata több esetben eltérő stabilitási sorrendet eredményez a különféle talajoknál. Megfelelő megoldás lehetne, ha definiálni tudnánk, hogy mely módszer és mely mutató pontosan mit is fejez ki és mikor, milyen probléma vizsgálatakor, mely mutatót és mely módszert kívánatos alkalmazni. Kutatásainkat a továbbiakban ilyen irányban is folytatni kívánjuk.There are several measurement and evaluation methods for determining the stability of macro-aggregates. These can be used effectively independently to test the stability of aggregates (attempting to simulate some destructive effect, attempting to standardise some condition, etc.), but they are difficult to compare to each other. Over the years, the need for standardization has rightly arisen, but the standard method developed is very complicated, which is why few people want to apply it.Similarly, many different indicators are used, each of which can give a good characterisation of the aggregate stability of soils, but the parallel use of indicators often results in different stability rankings for different soils. An appropriate solution should be defined which method and which indicator expresses what exactly and when, and which indicator and which method should be used for which problem. We intend to continue our research in this direction.In this manuscript we summarized the main macro-aggregate stability measurements and indices, reviewed the international and Hungarian scientific literature.
Seismically-induced fluctuations of the water level in the Nunn-Bush well in Milwaukee
Authors: Rexin Elmer E. , Oliver Jack , Prentiss David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Expanded time-scale recordings of the water level in a well in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, show many of the familiar seismic phases, including Love waves which in theory have no associated dilatation. Comparison of seismograms from distant earthquakes recorded by the well seismograph at Milwaukee and by conventional inertial instruments at Palisades demonstrates the superior response of the well, relatively, to waves of long periods.
On the nature of three Alaskan aftershock sequences of 1957 and 1958
Authors: Utsu Tokuji 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper deals with three aftershock sequences which occurred during IGY 1957/58. The frequency distributions of aftershocks with respect to magnitude and time are studied. These distributions fit eqs. (1) and (4) respectively with constants b, p, and c given in table 1 as shown in figs. 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, and 13. These figures also show the independence of magnitude-frequency relation on time and time-frequency relation on magnitude. The fluctuation of frequency in time-frequency distribution is nearly that which is to be expected in random sampling from a population whose frequency distribution is exactly expressed by equation (4). The geographical variation in the mode of aftershock occurrence in the aftershock area seems to be different from sequence to sequence. For the Aleutian sequence, the central part of the aftershock area is characterized by comparatively small energy release and small value of c in eq. (4), while for the southeastern Alaska sequence the greatest activity is concentrated near the epicenter of the main shock with no indication of geographical variation in magnitude- and time-frequency distributions.
Computation of surface wave dispersion for multilayered anisotropic media
Authors: Harkrider David G. , Anderson Don L. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
With the program described in this paper it is now possible to compute surface wave dispersion in a solid heterogeneous halfspace containing up to 200 anisotropic layers.
Certain discrepancies in surface wave observations, such as disagreement between Love and Rayleigh wave data and other independent evidence, suggest that anisotropy may be important in some seismological problems. In order to study the effect of anisotropy on surface wave dispersion a program was written for an IBM 7090 computer which will compute dispersion curves and displacements for Rayleigh waves in a layered halfspace in which each layer is transversely isotropic. A simple redefinition of parameters makes it possible to use existing programs to compute Love wave dispersion.
Rayleigh wave dispersion in the Pacific Ocean for the period range 20 to 140 seconds
Authors: Kuo John , Brune James , Major Maurice 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Rayleigh wave data obtained from Columbia long-period seismographs installed during the International Geophysical Year (I.G.Y.) at Honolulu, Hawaii; Suva, Fiji; and Mt. Tsukuba, Japan, are analyzed to determine group and phase velocities in the Pacific for the period range 20 to 140 seconds. Group velocities are determined by usual techniques (Ewing and Press, 1952, p. 377). Phase velocities are determined by assuming the initial phase to be independent of period and choosing the initial phase so that the phase velocity curve agrees in the long period range with the phase velocity curve of the mantle Rayleigh wave given by Brune (1961). Correlations of wave trains between the stations Honolulu and Mt. Tsukuba are used to obtain phase velocity values independent of initial phase.
The group velocity rises from 3.5 km/sec at a period of about 20 see to a maximum of 4.0 km/sec at a period of about 40 sec and then decreases to 3.65 km/sec at a period of about 140 sec. Phase velocity is nearly constant in the period range 30–75 sec with a value slightly greater than 4.0 km/sec. Most of the phase velocity curves indicate a maximum and a minimum at periods of approximately 30 and 50 sec respectively. At longer periods the phase velocities increase to 4.18 km/sec at a period of 120 sec.
Except across the Melanesian-New Zealand region, dispersion curves for paths of Rayleigh waves throughout the Pacific basin proper are rather uniform and agree fairly well with theoretical dispersion curves for models with a normal oceanic crust and a low velocity channel. Both phase and group velocities are comparatively lower for the paths of Rayleigh waves across the Melanesian-New Zealand region, suggesting a thicker crustal layer and/or lower crustal velocities in this region.
Seismic refraction measurements of the bottom structure off the North shore of Prince Edward Island
Authors: Macpherson J. D. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
During September and November of 1960, two sets of unreversed seismic refraction profiles were made at two locations off the North shore of Prince Edward Island. The depths and velocities of the four sedimentary layers detected at both these locations were identical within the limits of experimental error.
Torsional oscillation of a homogeneous elastic spheroid
Authors: Usami Tatsuo , Satô Yasuo 
Published: July 2021

abstract
There are several causes for the observations of splitting of the spectral peaks determined from the free oscillation of the earth. In this paper, the splitting due to the ellipticity is studied assuming a homogeneous earth described by oblate spheroidal coordinates. Ellipticity causes the iTn mode to split into (n + 1) modes, while the earth's rotation causes it to split into (2n + 1) modes. 1/297.0 is adopted as the ellipticity of the earth. Numerical calculations are carried out for the fundamental mode (n = 2, 3, 4) and for the first higher harmonics (n = 1). The difference between the extreme frequencies for each value of n is 0.7% (n = 2), 0.5% (n = 3), and 0.4% (n = 4).