bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resident- and Institutional-Level Factors, Frailty, and Nursing Homes Residents
Authors: Zhao Meng , Yang Zhenhua , Wang Yaqi , Li Ming , Wang Kefang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Frailty is a major cause of adverse health outcomes, such as hospitalization, falls, disability, and morbidity, among older adults; the elucidation of factors affecting frailty trends over time may facilitate the development of effective interventions.

Objectives
This study aimed to examine the trend of frailty over time (at baseline, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up) among Chinese nursing home residents and identify associated resident- and institutional-level factors.

Methods
This longitudinal study included 353 residents who were admitted into 27 nursing homes in Jinan, China. Frailty was defined based on the seven self-reported components of the FRAIL-NH scale, which was designed for nursing home residents. Information was gathered using scales that assessed resident-level (sociodemographic characteristics and physical, psychological, and social factors) and institutional-level characteristics (hospital affiliation, fitness sites, green space, occupancy percentage, staff–resident ratio, and staff turnover rate). These data were subjected to a multilevel linear analysis.

Results
Frailty was identified in 49.7% of residents at baseline and exhibited a progressively worsening trend over 1 year. Among institutional-level characteristics, the provision of fitness sites in nursing homes was a protective factor for frailty. Among resident-level characteristics, undernutrition was a significant independent risk factor and played a key role in increasing frailty over time. Other risk factors for frailty included younger age, poorer self-rated health, lower physical function, chewing difficulty, loneliness, anxiety, and being less active in leisure activities.

Discussion
Frailty was highly prevalent among Chinese nursing home residents and gradually increased over time. The results of this study could be used to inform the development of interventions targeted at modifiable risk factors and shape public health policies aimed at promoting healthy aging and delaying frailty and its adverse outcomes.
Meibomian Gland Changes in Open-angle Glaucoma Users Treated with Topical Medication
Authors: Soriano Diana , Ferrandez Blanca , Mateo Antonio , Polo Vicente , Garcia-Martin Elena 
Published: October 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Glaucoma patients treated with topical hypotensive eye drops often experience changes in the ocular surface, including the lid margin and the meibomian glands. In this study, the clinical parameters of the ocular surface have been analyzed to detect the presence of meibomian gland dysfunction–related dry eye disease.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to evaluate the meibomian gland dysfunction in glaucoma patients secondary to topical antiglaucomatous treatment.

METHODS
A total of 131 eyes from different patients with open-angle glaucoma treated with topical medication and 92 eyes from different patients with untreated ocular hypertension were consecutively and prospectively enrolled. The structure of the meibomian glands was assessed using noncontact meibography (Keratograph 5M; Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), and their function was evaluated by measurement of meibomian glands expressibility, the duct appearance, and the Marx line location. Moreover, tear osmolarity measurement, corneal staining score (Oxford scale), and ocular symptom assessment (Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire) were performed. We also compared these variables in the glaucoma group according to the presence (or not) of preservative in topical treatment.

RESULTS
Meibomian gland depletion was higher in glaucoma patients with topical medication (P < .001). Furthermore, the quantity of meibomian glands and expressibility of meibum in these patients were altered compared with the control group (P < .001 in both cases). In addition, the glaucoma group presented a higher degree of corneal staining as measured with the Oxford scale (P < .001). The Marx line location score was higher (P < .001 in central Marx line and P < .003 in temporal Marx line) in patients using drugs containing preservative than in those having preservative-free treatment. Logistical regression found that Marx line central, Marx line temporal, quantity of meibum expression, and quality of meibum expression have predictive ability to detect meibomian gland dysfunction–related dry eye disease.

CONCLUSIONS
Glaucoma topical treatments produce meibomian gland dysfunction altering their structure and function, and this condition can be worsened using topical treatments containing preservative.
The Integrity of Retinal Morphology in Non-immunocompromised People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Munsamy Alvin Jeffrey , Moodley Anandan Angamuthu , Brautaset Rune Lysnes 
Published: October 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Non-immunocompromised people living with HIV (NIPLHIV) share a similar immunocompetence to non-HIV (HIV) people with an elevated cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This has reduced the incidence of HIV retinopathy, thus raising the question of the integrity of the retinal morphology in NIPLHIV with longer life expectancy.

PURPOSE
The study assessed the retinal thickness and volume of NIPLHIV without retinitis on ART and attempted to find associations with linear parameters of cerebral atrophy.

METHODS
The study was conducted at a public hospital in South Africa. All people living with HIV were on ART with CD4 counts above 350 cells/mm3 and viral loads less than 10,000 copies/mL. The Heidelberg Spectralis ocular coherence tomographer assessed the retinal thickness and volume for comparison between 30 NIPLHIV and 30 HIV-negative participants. A subset of the HIV group obtained a computed tomography scan to determine the bicaudate ratio and the sylvian fissure ratio to assess cerebral atrophy. Independent t tests were performed to identify differences in retinal thickness and volume. Multivariate linear regressions measured associations between retinal thickness and volume with cerebral atrophy.

RESULTS
The NIPLHIV group had a thicker mean global temporal subfields at Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) 3 mm (P = .047) and ETDRS 6 mm (P = .03). The mean global temporal subfield volume at ETDRS 3 mm was also increased in the NIPLHIV group (P = .02). Nasal macula retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and the inferior inner nuclear layer macula volume were directly related to the bicaudate ratio, whereas the volumes at the outer retinal layer subfields of the macula were inversely related to sylvian fissure ratio in NIPLHIV.

CONCLUSIONS
Macula thickness and volumetric differences do exist in NIPLHIV. Practitioners should keep NIPLHIV under retinal morphometric surveillance because they live longer. Associations of cerebral atrophy with retinal morphology may be used to monitor cerebral atrophy in NIPLIV on ART.
Case Report: Retinal Infarction Associated with Migraine
Authors: Slagle William S. , Sheets Savannah R. , Logan Amy B. , Epps Michael , John Vishak J. 
Published: October 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Retinal migraine and migrainous infarction are distinct clinical entities delineated by the International Headache Society. Presented is a novel case report demonstrating unique optical coherence tomography evidence of retinal ischemia experienced during a migraine with effects across retinal vascular territories. This may represent evidence of migrainous infarction within the retina.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to present clinical and quasi-histologic optical coherence tomography features of retinal ischemia associated with migraine.

CASE REPORT
Presented is a case of profound monocular vision loss coincident with a migraine episode. Optical coherence tomography with novel features of acute inner retinal thinning, increased delineation of the inner plexiform and outer plexiform layers, and increased signal intensity of the photoreceptor layer is reported. These discriminating characteristics contrast those of retinal artery occlusions and other primary ocular vasculopathies such as Susac syndrome and acute macular neuroretinopathies.

CONCLUSIONS
A case of permanent vision loss with retinal thinning and ischemic hyperreflectivity of retinal layers on optical coherence tomography in different vascular territories is shown to be associated with migraine. These features may provide clinical evidence of migrainous pathophysiology within the retina.
FDG PET/CT Showing a Primary Vaginal NK/T Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Tang Pan , Wang Rang , Su Minggang , Shen Guohua , Tian Rong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A 28-year-old woman with vaginal discharge was admitted to the hospital. Colposcopy examination found several ulcers with pus in the vagina. Biopsy demonstrated extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. PET/CT scan was subsequently performed for staging. It revealed intense FDG uptake in the vagina. No FDG-avid lesion was seen in the rest of the body. A primary vaginal extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed.
Prognostic Value of FDG PET/CT in Patients With Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Hou Guozhu , Li Fang , Zhu Zhaohui , Cheng Wuying 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
We evaluated the prognostic value of metabolic parameters measured on pretreatment FDG PET/CT in patients with cervical neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs).

Methods
A total of 22 patients with cervical NECs who underwent pretreatment FDG PET/CT were retrospectively reviewed. The SUVmax, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary lesion were measured. The associations between prognostic factors and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were investigated using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
Of the 22 patients, 12 developed disease progression, and 5 died during the follow-up period. Univariate analyses revealed that MTV, TLG, and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage were significantly associated with PFS (all P < 0.05), whereas SUVmax did not show a significant correlation with PFS. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that patients with MTV >31.9 cm3 (log-rank, P < 0.001), TLG >154.3 (log-rank, P < 0.001), and higher International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (log-rank, P = 0.026) had significantly shorter PFS. In the multivariate analyses, MTV (P = 0.017; hazard ratio [HR], 7.298; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.427–37.316) and TLG (P = 0.003; HR, 15.175; 95% CI, 2.470–93.244) were independent prognostic factors, whereas for OS, the univariate analysis revealed that only TLG >154.3 showed statistical significance (P = 0.043; HR, 9.821; 95% CI, 1.080–89.290).

Conclusions
Metabolic tumor volume and TLG on FDG PET/CT were the significant prognostic factors of PFS in patients with cervical NECs. Patients with high MTV and TLG had worse clinical outcomes. In addition, TLG may also be a predictor of OS.
68Ga-FAPI and 18F-PET/CT Images in Intestinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Zheng Jieling , Lin Kaixian , Zheng Shan , Yao Shaobo , Miao Weibing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A 28-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, bowel dysfunction, and weight loss for 3 months. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed multiple hypermetabolic lesions in the intestines and peritoneal thickening/caking with moderate FDG activity. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed intense FAPI uptake in the aforementioned FDG-avid lesions and a larger number of abnormal foci with intense FAPI uptake in the peritoneum than that shown in 18F-FDG images. Endoscopy-guided biopsy from the colonic mucosa was consistent with tuberculosis. The positive findings of 68Ga-FAPI in the current case highlighted that 68Ga-FAPI may have value in the evaluation of intestinal tuberculosis.
The Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery Interpolated Flap for Closure of Large Anterolateral Thigh Flap Donor Site Defects
Authors: Jimenez Alejandro Gutierrez , Reategui Alvaro , Lopez Joseph 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Anterolateral Thigh (ALT) flap has a critical role in head, neck, and extremity reconstruction. Unfortunately, when the ALT flap is dimensionally large, it leaves an open donor site that may not respond optimally to primary or secondary closure. Traditionally, skin grafting has been used to close large ALT flap donor site defects. However, skin grafting offers less than desirable aesthetic and functional results. The purpose of this article is to present the first reported case of a 70-year-old woman with a large ATL donor site defect, not responsive to direct primary closure, which was successfully reconstructed using a superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) interpolated flap. After 3 weeks, the SIEA interpolated flap was divided, with the patient reporting good outcomes after a 3-month follow-up. The authors suggest that a SIEA interpolated flap as a novel potential approach to optimally repair large ALT donor site defects.
Postoperative Edema Resolution Post-Orthognathic Triple Jaw Surgery: A Three-Dimensional Volumetric Analysis
Authors: Reategui Alvaro , Phillips Sarah , Dinis Jacob , Junn Alexandra , Parsaei Yassmin , Yang Jenny , Lopez Joseph , Steinbacher Derek M. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:The final result following orthognathic surgery may be hidden for months due to postoperative swelling. However, no substantial evidence supports this time estimate. Our study aims to three-dimensionally quantify volumetric changes in facial edema following triple-jaw surgery.Materials and Methods:This was a retrospective, three-dimensional (3D) study of patients who underwent primary orthognathic triple jaw surgery (Le Fort I, Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO), and osseous genioplasty) by the senior author (DMS). Vectra 3D Software (Canfield, Fairfield, NJ) was used to assess and quantify volumetric changes between serial 3D photos. An inverse line of best-fit was plotted to assess reduction in postoperative facial edema. The effects of gender, age, body mass index, and tranexamic acid administration on swelling resolution were analyzed through mixed linear model analysis.Results:A total of 46 patients (198 images) met the study criteria. The equation for the inverse function line of best fit was y = −13.14ln (x) + 39.54 (P < 0.01). On average, 60% of the swelling resolved in 1 month, 84% after 6 months, and nearly 93% after 12 months. There were no significant differences in the rate of swelling resolution when accounting for age, gender, body mass index, or tranexamic acid administration.Conclusions:Most facial edema resolved during the first month following triple jaw surgery, with significant reduction in swelling between 6 and 12 months postoperatively. After 1 year, approximately 10% of the initial edema remained.
Admission Lymphopenia Predicts Infectious Complications and Mortality in Traumatic Brain Injury Victims
Authors: Campbell Brady , Budreau Daniel , Williams-Perez Sophia , Chakravarty Subhashish , Galet Colette , McGonagill Patrick 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and disability associated with increased risk of secondary infections. Identifying a readily available biomarker may help direct TBI patient care. Herein, we evaluated whether admission lymphopenia could predict outcomes of TBI patients.

Methods:
This is a 10-year retrospective review of TBI patients with a head Abbreviated Injury Score 2 to 6 and absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) collected within 24 h of admission. Exclusion criteria were death within 24 h of admission and presence of bowel perforation on admission. Demographics, admission data, injury severity score, mechanism of injury, and outcomes were collected. Association between baseline variables and outcomes was analyzed.

Results:
We included 2,570 patients; 946 (36.8%) presented an ALC ≤1,000 on admission (lymphopenic group). Lymphopenic patients were significantly older, less likely to smoke, and more likely to have heart failure, hypertension, or chronic kidney disease. Lymphopenia was associated with increased risks of mortality (OR = 1.903 [1.389–2.608]; P < 0.001) and pneumonia (OR = 1.510 [1.081–2.111]; P = 0.016), increased LOS (OR = 1.337 [1.217–1.469]; P < 0.001), and likelihood of requiring additional healthcare resources at discharge (OR = 1.669 [1.344–2.073], P < 0.001). Additionally, lymphopenia increased the risk of early in-hospital death (OR = 1.459 [1.097–1.941]; P = 0.009). Subgroup analysis showed that lymphopenia was associated with mortality in polytrauma patients and those who presented with two or more concurrent types of TBI. In all subgroup analyses, lymphopenia was associated with longer length of stay and discharge requiring higher level of care.

Conclusion:
A routine complete blood count with differential for all TBI patients may help predict patient outcomes and direct care accordingly.
CHD8-associated gastrointestinal complaints are caused by impaired vagal neural crest development and homeostatic imbalance
Authors: Hayot Gaëlle , Massonot Mathieu , Keime Céline , Faure Elodie , Golzio Christelle 
Published: October 2021

SummaryGastrointestinal complaints in autism are common and impact the quality of life of affected individuals, yet the underlying mechanisms are understudied. We have found that individuals with mutations inCHD8present with gastrointestinal disturbances. We have shown that loss ofchd8, the sole ortholog ofCHD8in zebrafish, leads to reduced number of enteric neurons and decreased intestinal mobility. However, it remains unclear howchd8acts during the development of the enteric nervous system and whetherCHD8-associated gastrointestinal complaints are solely due to impaired neuronal function in the intestine. Here, utilizing a stablechd8mutant zebrafish model, we found that the loss ofchd8leads to reduced number of vagal neural crest cells (NCCs), enteric neural progenitors, emigrating from the neural tube and their early migration capability was altered. At later stages, although the intestinal colonization by the NCCs was complete, we found decreased numbers of both NCC-derived serotonergic neurons and serotonin-producing enterochromaffin cells, suggesting an intestinal hyposerotonemia in absence ofchd8. Moreover, transcriptomic analyses revealed altered expression of key receptors and enzymes in serotonin and acetylcholine signaling pathways. Next, tissue examination ofchd8mutants revealed thinner intestinal epithelium accompanied by accumulation of neutrophils and decreased numbers of goblet cells and eosinophils. Last, single-cell sequencing of whole mid- and posterior intestines showed a global disruption of the immune balance with perturbed expression of inflammatory interleukins and changes in immune cell clusters. Our findings propose a causal developmental link betweenchd8, NCC development, intestinal homeostasis, and autism-associated gastrointestinal complaints.
Alphavirus infection triggers selective cytoplasmic translocation of nuclear RBPs with moonlighting antiviral roles
Authors: Kamel Wael , Ruscica Vincenzo , Embarc-Buh Azman , de Laurent Zaydah R. , Garcia-Moreno Manuel , Demyanenko Yana , Madhusudhan Meghana , Iselin Louisa , Järvelin Aino , Hannan Maximilian , Kitano Eduardo , Moore Samantha , Merits Andres , Davis Ilan , Mohammed Shabaz , Castello Alfredo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRNA is a central molecule for RNA viruses, acting as mRNA and genome. However, the interactions that viral (v)RNA establishes with the host cell is only starting to be elucidated. Here, we determine with unprecedented depth the composition of the ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) of the prototypical arthropod-borne Sindbis virus (SINV) using viral RNA interactome capture. We show that SINV RNAs engage with hundreds of cellular proteins and pathways, including a group of nuclear RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with unknown roles in infection. Combining subcellular fractionation and proteomics with several orthogonal approaches, we demonstrate that these nuclear RBPs are selectively redistributed to the cytoplasm after infection, where they associate with the viral replication organelles. These nuclear RBPs potently supress viral gene expression, with activities spanning viral species and families. Our study provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of SINV RNP composition, revealing a network of nuclear RBPs with moonlighting antiviral function.Research highlightsSINV RNAs interact with over four hundred cellular RBPsSINV induces selective cytoplasmic translocation of a subset of nuclear RBPsThese nuclear RBPs display potent antiviral effectsThe SF3B complex binds to SINV RNA and supresses infection in a splicing-independent manner
Specific sequence of arrival promotes coexistence via spatial niche preemption by the weak competitor
Authors: Fragata Inês , Costa-Pereira Raul , Kozak Mariya , Majer Agnieszka , Godoy Oscar , Magalhães Sara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHistorical contingency, such as the order of species arrival, can modify competitive outcomes via niche modification or preemption. However, how these mechanisms ultimately modify stabilising niche and average fitness differences remains largely unknown. By experimentally assembling two congeneric spider mite species feeding on tomato plants during two generations, we show that order of arrival affects species’ competitive ability and changes the outcome of competition. Contrary to expectations, order of arrival did not cause positive frequency dependent priority effects. Instead, coexistence was predicted when the inferior competitor (Tetranychus urticae) arrived first. In that case, T. urticae colonised the preferred feeding stratum (leaves) of T. evansi leading to spatial niche preemption, which equalised fitness and reduced niche differences, driving community assembly to a close-to-neutrality scenario. Our study demonstrates how the order of species arrival and the spatial context of competitive interactions can jointly determine whether species can coexist.
EXOSC10/Rrp6 is essential for the eight-cell embryo/morula transition
Authors: Petit Fabrice G. , Jamin Soazik P. , Kernanec Pierre-Yves , Becker Emmanuelle , Halet Guillaume , Primig Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe conserved 3’-5’ exoribonuclease EXOSC10/Rrp6 is required for gametogenesis, brain development, erythropoiesis and blood cell enhancer function. The human ortholog is essential for mitosis in cultured cancer cells. Little is known, however, about the role ofExosc10during embryo development and organogenesis. We generated anExosc10knockout model and find thatExosc10−/−mice show an embryonic lethal phenotype. We demonstrate thatExosc10maternal wild type mRNA is present in mutant oocytes and that the gene is expressed during all stages of early embryogenesis. Furthermore, we observe that EXOSC10 early on localizes to the periphery of nucleolus precursor bodies in blastomeres, which is in keeping with the protein’s role in rRNA processing and may indicate a function in the establishment of chromatin domains during initial stages of embryogenesis. Finally, we infer from genotyping data for embryonic days e7.5, e6.5 and e4.5 and embryos culturedin vitrothatExosc10−/−mutants arrest at the eight-cell embryo/morula transition. Our results demonstrate a novel essential role forExosc10during early embryogenesis, and they are consistent with earlier work showing that impaired ribosome biogenesis causes a developmental arrest at the morula stage.