bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical features that contribute to poor bone health in young Australians living with cystic fibrosis: A recommendation for BMD screening
Authors: Atlas Gabby , Yap Matthew , Lim Angelina , Vidmar Suzanna , Smith Nathan , King Louise , Jones Alicia , Hong Jason , Ranganathan Sarath , Simm Peter J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFor Australians living with cystic fibrosis (CF), increased longevity means greater consideration needs to be given to long‐term endocrine sequelae such as CF‐related bone disease. Deficits in bone mass accrual are most likely to occur during childhood and adolescence. Current guidelines in Australia suggest repeat dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans every 2 years. This study aims to stratify clinical factors that determine future bone health in the Australian CF population and use this to guide a more streamlined approach to bone health screening.MethodsThis study was a retrospective audit of all patients diagnosed with CF who were treated at the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Australia from 2000 to 2016 (n = 453). Two hundred and two patients had a DXA scan in the study period (191 with height‐adjusted data) and 111 patients had more than one scan (108 with height‐adjusted data). An investigation into the associations between bone mineral density (BMD) Z score and potential risk factors was conducted using DXA and historical data.ResultsThe main predictor of future BMD was the previous BMD Z score (p < .001). Other factors found to be determinants of BMD included nutritional status, lung function (FEV1), age, history of previous fracture, oral corticosteroid use, and the number of hospital admissions. However, after adjusting for previous BMD, evidence of an association remained only with nutritional status, FEV1, and number of hospital admissions.ConclusionSecond yearly scans may be unnecessary in children with an adequate DXA score on the initial scan who remain clinically stable. However, clinical deterioration in those whose BMD was previously normal, may require closer monitoring of bone health. We propose a guideline for the frequency of DXA monitoring in relation to clinical risk factors.
Need for home oxygen in premature infants living in the city of Bogotá
Authors: Pallás‐Alonso Carmen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn Colombia, there are Kangaroo Mother Care Programs (KMCP) for the follow‐up of premature infants discharged early from neonatal units. In Bogotá, a considerable number of these children require oxygen at home. These infants are followed in KMCP where, in addition to controlling growth and development, oxygen saturation is monitored and weaning from oxygen supplements is performed. The results obtained are particularly good. However, it is striking that more than half of the children who require oxygen at home are more than 32 weeks of gestational age, and most of them meet the criteria for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. There are several reasons that could justify this finding. On the one hand, if the hospital stay is shortened, as is the case with KMCP programs, it is more likely that some preterm infants need oxygen at discharge. On the other hand, the use of noninvasive ventilation is extremely limited and invasive ventilation continues to be used very frequently, which is associated with lung damage and the need for oxygen. Finally, we must not forget that Bogotá is 2600 m above sea level, and this can lead to a more difficult adaptation of premature infants. It is not clear how much each of the above factors contributes. It would be desirable to have more information to better understand the particularities of premature children in the city of Bogotá.
Decomposition analysis as a framework for understanding heterogeneity of treatment effects in non‐randomized health care studies
Authors: Crown William H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper uses the decomposition framework from the economics literature to examine the statistical structure of treatment effects estimated with observational data compared to those estimated from randomized studies. It begins with the estimation of treatment effects using a dummy variable in regression models and then presents the decomposition method from economics which estimates separate regression models for the comparison groups and recovers the treatment effect using bootstrapping methods. This method shows that the overall treatment effect is a weighted average of structural relationships of patient features with outcomes within each treatment arm and differences in the distributions of these features across the arms. In large randomized trials, it is assumed that the distribution of features across arms is very similar. Importantly, randomization not only balances observed features but also unobserved. Applying high dimensional balancing methods such as propensity score matching to the observational data causes the distributional terms of the decomposition model to be eliminated but unobserved features may still not be balanced in the observational data. Finally, a correction for non‐random selection into the treatment groups is introduced via a switching regime model. Theoretically, the treatment effect estimates obtained from this model should be the same as those from a randomized trial. However, there are significant challenges in identifying instrumental variables that are necessary for estimating such models. At a minimum, decomposition models are useful tools for understanding the relationship between treatment effects estimated from observational versus randomized data.
High‐precision calculation of relativistic corrections for hydrogen‐like atoms with screened Coulomb potentials
Authors: Xie Hui Hui , Jiao Li Guang , Liu Aihua , Ho Yew Kam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe first‐order relativistic corrections to the non‐relativistic energies of hydrogen‐like atom embedded in plasma screening environments are calculated in the framework of direct perturbation theory by using the generalized pseudospectral method. The standard Debye–Hückel potential, exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential, and Hulthén potential are employed to model different screening conditions and their effects on the eigenenergies of hydrogen‐like atoms are investigated. The relativistic corrections which include the relativistic mass correction, Darwin term, and the spin‐orbit coupling term for both the ground and excited states are reported as functions of screening parameters. Comparison with previous theoretical predictions shows that both the relativistic mass correction and spin‐orbit coupling obtained in this work are in good agreement with previous estimations, while significant discrepancy and even opposite trend is found for the Darwin term. The overall relativistic‐corrected system energies predicted in this work, however, are in good agreement with the fully relativistic calculations available in the literature. We finally present the scaling law of the first‐order relativistic corrections and discuss the validity of the direct perturbation theory with respect to both the nuclear charge and the screening parameter.
Atomistic insights into lithium adsorption and migration on phosphorus‐doped graphene
Authors: Rani Babita , Bubanja Vladimir , Jindal Vijay K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present a comprehensive density functional theory study of the effects of phosphorus doping of graphene on adsorption and diffusion behavior of lithium. We find that protrusion introduced by phosphorus doping enhances the adsorption of a single lithium atom onto graphene due to an additional partial covalent bonding between lithium and carbon atoms of the substrate. With an increase in concentration of lithium atoms, cluster formation is observed near the phosphorus dopant. Finite density of states at Fermi level indicates the electronic conductivity of phosphorus‐doped graphene before and after the adsorption of a lithium atom. An increase in density of states above the Fermi level is observed with increased lithium concentration. The protrusions caused by phosphorus dopants act as trapping centers for lithium, thereby hindering their migration over the substrate. This atomic level study can act as a guideline for further development of electrode materials for novel battery technologies.
Linearly monotonic convergence of nonlinear parameter‐optimal iterative learning control to linear discrete‐time‐invariant systems
Authors: Liu Yan , Ruan Xiaoe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a parameter‐optimal iterative learning control (POILC) scheme is developed for linear discrete‐time‐invariant systems with Markov parameters available. For the scheme the iteration‐time‐variable learning‐gain vector is assigned as the argument while the sequential performance index is consisting of the quadratic tracking error energy plus quadratic learning effort intensity weighed by the iteration‐varying tuning factor. By making use of matrix theory, the learning‐gain vector and the convergence rate are explicated which conveys that the POILC is a nonlinear scheme and is linearly monotonously convergent with the smaller tuning factors delivering the faster convergence. In particular, the linearly monotone convergences are respectively exploited for the extreme case when the tuning‐factor sequence is identically nullity and for the optimal performance index. Further, a quasi POILC is established which considers additive systematic parameters uncertainties in composing of the learning‐gain vector. Rigorous analysis indicates that the quasi POILC is linearly monotonically convergent within a wider uncertainty range which conveys that the POILC is robust to the system parameters uncertainties. Numerical simulations testify the validity and the effectiveness.
RETRACTED: Biochar and compost amendment impacts on soil water and pore size distribution of a loamy sand soil
Authors: Ibrahim Alaa , Horton Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoil structure, which refers to aggregates and pore characteristics, reflects the spatial arrangement of soil particles and is a key component for crop yield and soil health. Well‐formed soil structure has favorable pore size distribution, which supports soil water flow and retention and healthy plant growth. Compost and biochar, important organic amendments, have a potential to influence soil structure, but their effects on specific soil types and soil properties have not been fully investigated. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the additions of compost and/or date palm biochar on selected soil water indicators and pore size distribution of a loamy sand soil using disturbed soil samples. Statistical parameters of pore size distribution properties such as SD, kurtosis, skewness, modal diameter (dmode), median diameter (dmedian), and mean diameter (dmean) as well as plant available water capacity (PAWC), available soil water capacity (ASWC), saturated soil water content, and measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) were measured and evaluated. The results showed that the dmode, dmedian, dmean, SD, skewness, and kurtosis values for untreated soil (control) were 31.6 μm, 25.8 μm, 23.5 μm, 3.3, −0.16, and 1.14, respectively. Biochar, compost, and a mixture of biochar–compost additions to a loamy sand soil significantly reduced dmode, dmedian, and dmean values in comparison with nonamended soil. Application of these amendments increased PAWC and ASWC and reduced Ksat of the loamy sand soil, significantly. Biochar–compost mixture has the most significant effect on improving soil water retention and PAWC.
System dynamics of cancer in erythropoiesis with multiple EPO feedbacks
Authors: Sajid Zamra , Andersen Morten , Ottesen Johnny T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBlood production is a tightly regulated process, and disturbances can pose a severe risk to human health. Polycythemia vera (PV) is an example of such a disorder characterized by excessive production of erythrocytes and the presence of the JAK2V617F mutation. A 5D PV model with competing healthy and malignant cells, including erythropoietin (EPO), is proposed and analyzed. The production of EPO is governed by the number of erythrocytes, while EPO influences the proliferation and death rate of erythrocytes. Stem cell dynamics can be independently analyzed as a two‐dimensional system. A numerical analysis shows that steady states and their stability of the 2D stem cell PV submodel are in agreement with the PV model. Combining the model with data of PV patients, we demonstrate the model's prognostic significance. It follows that an efficient treatment must target stem cell properties such as the bone marrow microenvironment and stem cell death rates. © 2021 System Dynamics Society
Novel Therapeutic Platform of Micelles and Nanogels from Dopa‐Functionalized Triblock Copolymers
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Olofsson Kristina , Fan Yanmiao , Sánchez Carmen C. , Andrén Oliver C. J. , Qin Liguo , Fortuin Lisa , Jonsson Eva Malmström , Malkoch Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMulti‐drug delivery systems constructed from a basic polymeric scaffold, and which have the ability to target a variety of biomedical applications, can streamline the development of nanomedicine to provide both environmental and economical relief. Herein, amphiphilic ABA‐triblock copolymers are synthesized and assembled sequentially into micelles and nanogels as drug delivery systems following a thorough evaluation on advanced in vitro models to explore their potential for the treatment of cancer and bacterial infections. Short blocks of 5‐methyl‐5‐allyloxycarbonyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one (MAC) are oligomerized from PEG6k and thereafter functionalized with dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa)‐functional thiols using thiol‐ene coupling (TEC) click chemistry. The copolymers self‐assemble into well‐defined micelles in aqueous solution and are further formulated into nanogels via UV‐induced TEC. The resulting spherical micelles and nanogels are stable nanoparticles, with sizes ranging between 100 and 200 nm. The nanogels are found to be non‐toxic to a panel of cell lines and mask the toxicity of the potent drugs until their release. The nanogels would be superior to micelles for the elimination of cancer cells supported by both 2D cell culture and a 3D spheroid model. The opposite conclusion could be drawn for bacteria inhibition.
Heyne, Roth, Roemer and Schultes, and the plant names published inNovae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientalis
Authors: Turner I.M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 1814, A.W. Roth received a herbarium collection of some 1500 plants from Benjamin Heyne. Most of these specimens came from southern India where Heyne had worked as a doctor and naturalist since 1792. Roth wrote up the material in his bookNovae plantarum, which was published in 1821. However, he provided a manuscript copy to Roemer and Schultes, who were compiling an edition ofSystema vegetabilium. Many of Roth's new names based on the Heyne material first appeared in the first six volumes of theSystema. In this paper, 411 names published inNovae plantarumare listed with their correct citation and typification. The typification of Roth's names is complicated by the loss of a high proportion of his personal herbarium in Berlin in 1943. Notable points include:Jasminum montanumRoth is the correct name forJ. arborescensRoxb.,Panicum pilosissimumRoth is the correct name forP. rudgeiRoem. & Schult. andEuphorbia linearifoliaRoth does not need to be replaced byE. deccanensisV.S.Raju. Many names are typified.
The Coordination Polymer Cr(en)2As2VO7 Consisting of Alternating VO4 Tetrahedra and As2O5 Handles Decorated by Cr3+ Centered Complexes
Authors: Rasmussen Maren , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe new coordination polymer Cr(en)2As2VO7 (en=ethylenediamine) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions as deep red crystals. In the crystal structure VO4 tetrahedra and As2O5 handles formed by corner‐sharing of two AsO3 pyramidal units are joined by common oxygen atoms into an undulated chain that is directed along the crystallographic b‐axis. The chain is decorated by [Cr(en)2]3+ complexes with the Cr3+ cation having bonds to two terminal O2− anions of the As2O5 moiety thus generating a CrN4O2 octahedron, which displays a cis‐configuration. The connection mode between Cr3+ and As2O5 leads to formation of a six‐membered CrAs2O3 ring. The chains are arranged in a layer‐like fashion in the (001) plane and these layers are stacked along [001]. A large number of N−H⋅⋅⋅O and C−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds generate a three dimensional network. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed for visualizing the extended interchain interactions. The hydrogen bonding interactions are clearly detected in the IR spectrum. The UV‐Vis spectrum shows an absorption at 2.3 eV which is in agreement with the red color of the sample.
The past, present and future of hormonal contraceptive use in managed captive female tiger populations with a focus on the current use of deslorelin acetate
Authors: Guthrie Amanda , Strike Taina , Patterson Stuart , Walker Corinne , Cowl Veronica , Franklin Ashley D. , Powell David M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTigers (Panthera tigris spp.) are endangered in the wild; ensuring sustainable insurance populations requires careful planning within zoological collections. In captive situations, contraceptives are often used to control breeding and ensure genetically viable populations that contain manageable numbers of animals; reversible contraceptives are ideal because they offer flexibility for breeding management. Historically, synthetic progestins, such as melengestrol acetate implants, were used in female tigers, but these are associated with an increased risk of reproductive pathology and subsequent infertility. Recent management advice to ex‐situ collections has been to transition to the use of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists, such as deslorelin acetate implants, which do not appear to have a similar risk of reproductive pathology but are associated with highly variable reversal times in exotic felids. Using data from 917 contraceptive records in female tigers captured by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Reproductive Management Center and the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria Reproductive Management Group's joint Contraception Database and from supplementary surveys, this study reviews the changing use of contraceptives in captive female tigers. The aim was to describe the historical and current use of contraceptives and provide a comprehensive assessment on the use of deslorelin implants, including data on product protocols, efficacy, pathology, and reversibility. This study determined that current dose, frequency, reversibility, and anatomical placement sites of deslorelin implants are highly variable, indicating that specific, readily available, unified, evidence‐based recommendations on the use of deslorelin would be useful for future contraceptive use in managed tiger populations.
Black hole perturbations of massive and partially massless spin-2 fields in (anti) de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Rosen Rachel A. , Santoni Luca 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We provide a systematic and comprehensive derivation of the linearized dynamics of massive and partially massless spin-2 particles in a Schwarzschild (anti) de Sitter black hole background, in four and higher spacetime dimensions. In particular, we show how to obtain the quadratic actions for the propagating modes and recast the resulting equations of motion in a Schrödinger-like form. In the case of partially massless fields in Schwarzschild de Sitter spacetime, we study the isospectrality between modes of different parity. In particular, we prove isospectrality analytically for modes with multipole number L = 1 in four spacetime dimensions, providing the explicit form of the underlying symmetry. We show that isospectrality between partially massless modes of different parity is broken in higher-dimensional Schwarzschild de Sitter spacetimes.
Elliptic modular graph forms. Part I. Identities and generating series
Authors: D’Hoker Eric , Kleinschmidt Axel , Schlotterer Oliver 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Elliptic modular graph functions and forms (eMGFs) are defined for arbitrary graphs as natural generalizations of modular graph functions and forms obtained by including the character of an Abelian group in their Kronecker-Eisenstein series. The simplest examples of eMGFs are given by the Green function for a massless scalar field on the torus and the Zagier single-valued elliptic polylogarithms. More complicated eMGFs are produced by the non-separating degeneration of a higher genus surface to a genus one surface with punctures. eMGFs may equivalently be represented by multiple integrals over the torus of combinations of coefficients of the Kronecker-Eisenstein series, and may be assembled into generating series. These relations are exploited to derive holomorphic subgraph reduction formulas, as well as algebraic and differential identities between eMGFs and their generating series.
On the three-particle analog of the Lellouch-Lüscher formula
Authors: Müller Fabian , Rusetsky Akaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing non-relativistic effective field theory, we derive a three-particle analog of the Lellouch-Lüscher formula at the leading order. This formula relates the three-particle decay amplitudes in a finite volume with their infinite-volume counterparts and, hence, can be used to study the three-particle decays on the lattice. The generalization of the approach to higher orders is briefly discussed.
A step in the Delaunay mosaic of order k
Authors: Edelsbrunner Herbert , Nikitenko Anton , Osang Georg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGiven a locally finite set $$X \subseteq {{\mathbb {R}}}^d$$

X
⊆

R

d

and an integer $$k \ge 0$$

k
≥
0

, we consider the function $${\mathbf{w}_{k}^{}} :{\mathrm{Del}_{k}{({X})}} \rightarrow {{\mathbb {R}}}$$

w

k

:

Del
k

(
X
)

→
R

on the dual of the order-k Voronoi tessellation, whose sublevel sets generalize the notion of alpha shapes from order-1 to order-k (Edelsbrunner et al. in IEEE Trans Inf Theory IT-29:551–559, 1983; Krasnoshchekov and Polishchuk in Inf Process Lett 114:76–83, 2014). While this function is not necessarily generalized discrete Morse, in the sense of Forman (Adv Math 134:90–145, 1998) and Freij (Discrete Math 309:3821–3829, 2009), we prove that it satisfies similar properties so that its increments can be meaningfully classified into critical and non-critical steps. This result extends to the case of weighted points and sheds light on k-fold covers with balls in Euclidean space.