bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External validation of blue light imaging (BLI) criteria for the optical characterization of colorectal polyps by endoscopy experts
Authors: Desai Madhav , Kennedy Kevin , Aihara Hiroyuki , Van Dam Jacques , Gross Seth , Haber Gregory , Pohl Heiko , Rex Douglas , Saltzman John , Sethi Amrita , Waxman Irving , Wang Kenneth , Wallace Michael , Repici Alessandro , Sharma Prateek 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimRecently, the BLI Adenoma Serrated International Classification (BASIC) system was developed by European experts to differentiate colorectal polyps. Our aim was to validate the BASIC classification system among the US‐based endoscopy experts.MethodsParticipants utilized a web‐based interactive learning system where the group was asked to characterize polyps using the BASIC criteria: polyp surface (presence of mucus, regular/irregular and [pseudo]depressed), pit appearance (featureless, round/non‐round with/without dark spots; homogeneous/heterogeneous distribution with/without focal loss), and vessels (present/absent, lacy, peri‐cryptal, irregular). The final testing consisted of reviewing BLI images/videos to determine whether the criteria accurately predicted the histology results. Confidence in adenoma identification (rated “1” to “5”) and agreement in polyp (adenoma vs non‐adenoma) identification and characterization per BASIC criteria were derived. Strength of interobserver agreement with kappa (k) value was reported for adenoma identification.ResultsTen endoscopy experts from the United States identified conventional adenoma (vs non‐adenoma) with 94.4% accuracy, 95.0% sensitivity, 93.8% specificity, 93.8% positive predictive value, and 94.9% negative predictive value using BASIC criteria. Overall strength of interobserver agreement was high: kappa 0.89 (0.82–0.96). Agreement for the individual criteria was as follows: surface mucus (93.8%), regularity (65.6%), type of pit (40.6%), pit visibility (66.9%), pit distribution (57%), vessel visibility (73%), and being lacy (46%) and peri‐cryptal (61%). The confidence in diagnosis was rated at high ≥4 in 67% of the cases.ConclusionsA group of US‐based endoscopy experts have validated a simple and easily reproducible BLI classification system to characterize colorectal polyps with >90% accuracy and a high level of interobserver agreement.
Involvement of children in hands‐on meal preparation and the associated nutrition outcomes: A scoping review
Authors: Ng Choon Ming , Kaur Satvinder , Koo Hui Chin , Mukhtar Firdaus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmerging research has explored hands‐on meal preparation as a strategy to improve children's nutrition‐related outcomes. This scoping review was conducted to describe the extent of studies on children's involvement in hands‐on meal preparation and the related psychosocial outcomes, actual nutrition behaviour/food consumption and weight status.MethodsScoping review methodology was used to select relevant studies, as well as extract and collate the data. Four databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) were searched from the earliest available time up to December 2020. Observational studies, experimental studies and reviews that were conducted among children aged 5–12 years old and published from 2010 to 2020 were retrieved. Studies extracted involved children in hands‐on healthy meal preparation activities and explored the associated nutrition outcomes.ResultsIn total, 28 studies (5 observational studies, 21 experimental studies, 2 reviews) were included in the final review. Studies conducted demonstrated improvement in children's psychosocial outcomes and actual nutrition behaviour/food consumption after participating in hands‐on meal preparation activities, despite differences in methodology, programme content and settings (countries/cultural origins). Limited studies assessed children's nutrients intake and weight status.ConclusionsThe current review suggests that hands‐on meal preparation comprises approach for instilling positive perceptions towards nutrition/healthy foods, potentially improving children's diet. Future studies should include the assessment of nutrient intake and weight status. The long‐term sustainability of these nutrition outcomes should be explored.
Natural variation in linalool metabolites: One genetic locus, many functions?
Authors: He Jun , Halitschke Rayko , Baldwin Ian T. , Schuman Meredith C. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe ubiquitous volatile linalool is metabolized in plants to nonvolatile derivatives. We studied Nicotiana attenuata plants which naturally vary in (S)‐(+)‐linalool contents, and lines engineered to produce either (R)‐(‐)‐ or (S)‐(+)‐linalool. Only (S)‐(+)‐linalool production was associated with slower growth of a generalist herbivore, and a large fraction was present as nonvolatile derivatives. We found that variation in volatile linalool and its nonvolatile glycosides mapped to the same genetic locus which harbored the biosynthetic gene, NaLIS, but that free linalool varied more in environmental responses. This study reveals how (S)‐(+)‐linalool and conjugates differ in their regulation and possible functions in resistance.
Mothers', Fathers' and Siblings' Housework Time Within Family Households
Authors: Schulz Florian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate time use of housework for all members of family households, especially focusing on how time allocation varied by siblings' gender composition.BackgroundThree knowledge gaps were addressed: the allocation of housework time between all family members; children's contributions to housework, focusing on the relevance of sibling structure; and the differences in time allocation of housework by parental education within family households. The study contributes to the understanding of the family as the primary socialization environment and the foundations of gender inequality of unpaid work time in the life course and in society.Methods478 four‐person households were sampled from the German Time Use Study from 2001/2002 and 2012/2013. Using information from 3,743 time diaries, absolute and relative time use for total housework on Mondays through Fridays was analyzed according to siblings' gender composition, applying linear regression.ResultsMothers and daughters spent more time on housework in shared family households than fathers and sons. Total housework time was lowest in households with two sons and highest in households with two daughters. Older daughters spent more time on housework than younger daughters, and sons with a sister spent more time on housework than sons with a brother, regardless of the birth order. Parents' education had no impact on the time allocation in this sample.ConclusionChildren's gender plays a role in their interaction with their parents, and both gender identity at the individual level and the dyadic gender compositions of families must be considered when explaining the household allocation of housework.
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease mechanistic subtypes drive hypoperfusion patterns
Authors: Kim Song J. , Morales Jose M. , Yaghi Shadi , Honda Tristan , Scalzo Fabien , Hinman Jason D. , Raychev Radoslav , Sharma Latisha K. , Feldmann Edward , Romano Jose G. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Liebeskind David S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeIn symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS), borderzone infarct pattern and perfusion mismatch are associated with increased risk of recurrent strokes, which may reflect the shared underlying mechanism of hypoperfusion distal to the intracranial atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we hypothesized a correlation between hypoperfusion volumes and ICAS infarct patterns based on the respective underlying mechanistic subtypes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive symptomatic ICAS cases, acute strokes due to subocclusive (50%–99%) intracranial stenosis. The following mechanistic subtypes were assigned based on the infarct pattern on the diffusion‐weighted imaging: Branch occlusive disease (BOD), internal borderzone (IBZ), and thromboembolic (TE). Perfusion parameters, obtained concurrently with the MRI, were studied in each group.ResultsA total of 42 patients (57% women, mean age 71 ± 13 years old) with symptomatic ICAS received MRI within 24 h of acute presentation. Fourteen IBZ, 11 BOD, and 17 TE patterns were identified. IBZ pattern yielded higher total Tmax > 4 s and Tmax > 6 s perfusion delay volumes, as well as corresponding Tmax > 4 s and Tmax > 6 s mismatch volume, compared to BOD. TE pattern exhibited greater median Tmax > 6 s hypoperfusion delay in volume compared to BOD. In IBZ versus TE, the volume difference between Tmax > 4 s and Tmax > 6 s (Δ Tmax > 4 s – Tmax > 6 s) was substantially greater.ConclusionICAS infarct patterns, in keeping with their respective underlying mechanisms, may correlate with distinct perfusion profiles.
Assemblage of art, discourse and ice hockey: Designing knowledge about work
Authors: Pietikäinen Sari 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines speculative design's capacity to co‐produce knowledge about contradictions and potentialities of work in professional ice hockey. Building on the Deleuzian concept of assemblage, speculative design has been used for two purposes: (a) to bring together the perspectives of art, anthropology, discourse studies, and professional sports in co‐constructing knowledge about hockey work; and (b) to analyze and present the key findings of an ethnography on hockey work through an art exhibition of speculative hockey memorabilia. As such, these art pieces showed the intertwined relationships of material, discursive, and affective aspects in hockey work as well as the multiplicity of aspirations, challenges, investments, and risks that go into this kind of mobile, unpredictable work. The design process also showed how knowledge production is an emergent process of exchange, dependent on interactions and relationships, and embedded in power relations.
/h/‐dropping and occupational role in Stoke‐on‐Trent's pottery industry
Authors: Leach Hannah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines /h/‐dropping in the occupational community of Stoke‐on‐Trent's pottery industry. Using oral history interviews, the article presents quantitative statistical analysis of linguistic and social factors influencing /h/‐variation among these speakers, showing that specific occupational department is the best social predictor of levels of /h/‐dropping. Speakers with more manual, factory‐floor‐based roles show consistently high rates of /h/‐dropping, while speakers with less manual, more varied and/or esteemed roles show lower, and more variable, rates. This suggests a reanalysis of the broad social meanings of /h/ on a local level to enact a hierarchy internal to the industry. Qualitative analysis of individual speakers is employed to explore social meanings of /h/ in this community and how these create and reflect broader social categories. Discussion is linked to wider themes of the role of occupation in social class groupings used in variationist sociolinguistics, suggesting complexity within the classic ‘working‐class’ category.
Role of cross‐campus multidisciplinary team meetings in decision‐making for children and adolescents with differences of sex development/intersex
Authors: Vora Komal A , Hanna Chloe A , Neville Kristen A , Bergman Philip B , Grover Sonia R , O'Connell Michele A , Srinivasan Shubha 
Published: April 2021

AimManagement of children with differences/disorders of sex development (DSD) is complex with limited evidence to guide clinical decisions. Regular multidisciplinary team meetings were set up in Sydney and Melbourne paediatric hospitals to enable systematic peer review of complex decision‐making. We aim to describe the workload and role of these meetings.MethodsThe multidisciplinary team forum includes invited representatives from endocrinology, urology, gynaecology, genetics, psychology, social work, clinical ethics, laboratory and hospital executive and meetings occur 1–3 times monthly. Descriptive data were collected from de‐identified meeting referrals and minutes between August 2012 to August 2018 (Sydney) and January 2014 to August 2018 (Melbourne).ResultsA total of 192 referrals (142 new and 50 follow‐ups) aged 1 week to 17 years were discussed across the two sites. 46, XY DSD (n = 81) was the most common sub‐classification. Consideration of surgical options and optimal management of gonads with malignant potential were amongst the common reasons for referral to the multidisciplinary team meetings. Surgical interventions were considered but not recommended after review for 38 of 154 (24.7%) procedures. Gonad retention to allow potential functional benefit was recommended in 15/46 (32.6%) referrals. Evidence of premalignant or malignant changes was found in 20/57 (35%) gonads removed, with dysgenetic features and atrophy/streak features in 6 (10.5%) and 27 (47.4%) gonads respectively.ConclusionFormal DSD multidisciplinary team meetings provide a framework and opportunity for multi and interdisciplinary discussions amongst representatives from several specialities to help make complex decision‐making.
A supermultiplier model of the natural rate of growth
Authors: Allain Olivier 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe propose a supermultiplier model that includes formal and informal wage redistributive devices enabling everyone in the population to satisfy their primary needs. By introducing population growth and technical progress into the model, we show that wage redistribution gives rise to an autonomous consumption component, the growth rate of which corresponds to the natural rate of growth. The three main outcomes of the model are as follows: (a) Harrodian knife‐edge instability can be tamed, (b) the long‐run rate of growth of the economy converges toward the natural rate of growth, and (c) the rate of employment stabilizes but at a level that can differ from that of full employment.
Small‐scale spatial distributions of long‐finned pilot whales change over time, but foraging hot spots are consistent: Significance for marine wildlife tourism management
Authors: McComb‐Turbitt Sarah , Costa Joana , Whitehead Hal , Auger‐Méthé Marie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractData collected opportunistically aboard marine wildlife tourism vessels are an inexpensive source of spatial information on the target species. Although these data are often challenging to analyze, they can be used to monitor spatiotemporal changes in species distribution and behavior. Disruptions from whale‐watching vessels to behaviors such as foraging can be particularly harmful to cetaceans, but impacts could be reduced if areas essential for these sensitive behaviors are identified. We used data collected onboard whale‐watching vessels to explore space‐use patterns in long‐finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) off northern Cape Breton Island, Canada, an area where tourism is essential. Encounters with pilot whales between 2011–2016 occurred twice as far offshore than during 2003–2006 and 2008, and foraging activity decreased. Despite the changes in distribution and activity budgets, we identified two hot spots of foraging activity that persisted through time. These identified foraging hot spots comprised only a small proportion (20 km2) of the range used by whale‐watching vessels. Adaptive local management (e.g., voluntary codes of conduct) focused on limiting interactions in these energetically important areas may help reduce any potential impacts from whale‐watching and promote the continued viability of the whale population and the tourism industry that relies on it.
MRC Hot Topic workshop report: Reshaping the food environment – applying interdisciplinary perspectives in appetite research
Authors: Johnstone Alexandra M. , Brown Adrian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity, both worldwide and in the UK, continues to rise and has been classified by the NHS as a major public health issue with current public health survey data indicating that nearly two thirds of adults are living with overweight and obesity. We know from existing appetite research that it is easy to overconsume calories, but difficult to reduce calorie intake below requirements and we seek to expand this evidence base to seek future research themes to provide the evidence on how to manage obesity. This Medical Research Council (MRC)‐funded hot topic workshop explored issues that are evolving from current literature to create discussion about potential future collaborative research around 4 themes: (i) Food reformulation/innovation – how appetite research can influence sustainable and healthy diets, (ii) One diet does not fit all – how should we conduct appetite research to embrace inter‐individual differences (e.g. responder/non‐responders), (iii) Environmental drivers of obesity/food choices – bridging the gap between appetite research and obesity services – future research themes, (iv) Big data approaches to develop understanding of drivers of appetite and food choice. Appetite forms a bridge to understanding the interaction between the internal and external environments and therefore has both biological and behavioural relevance for behaviour change associated with eating. This report summarises how future research can embrace this multidisciplinary challenge.
Group motivation
Authors: Brown Jessica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper I discuss a key issue for group moral responsibility, namely whether we can make sense of a group acting for one reason rather than another. The notion of acting for one reason rather than another is central to standard accounts of individual agency and responsibility; and also determines whether an individual is blameworthy or praiseworthy for an action. Thus if we model group responsibility on individual responsibility, we need to be able to make sense of a group acting for one reason rather than another. In this paper, I raise problems for both summative and inflationary accounts of what it is for a group to act on a reason, before suggesting several potential solutions at the end.
A fresh look at thiamine deficiency—new analyses by the global thiamine alliance
Authors: Bourassa Megan W. , Bergeron Gilles , Brown Kenneth H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSevere thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency is generally regarded as a problem affecting mostly infants in low‐income communities of Southeast Asia and adult alcoholics regardless of their location. However, recent scholarship shows that the disorders associated with thiamine deficiency may also affect heretofore unsuspected populations, and that the scope of disorders, including some long‐lasting neurocognitive consequences, is broader than previously thought.
Micronutrient status in bariatric surgery patients receiving postoperative supplementation per guidelines: Insights from a systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Ha Jane , Kwon Yeongkeun , Kwon Jin‐Won , Kim Dohyang , Park Shin‐Hoo , Hwang Jinseub , Lee Chang Min , Park Sungsoo 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe micronutrient status and optimal monitoring schedule after bariatric surgery have not been sufficiently assessed. This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the longitudinal changes in micronutrient status after bariatric surgery. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles that measured preoperative and postoperative serum micronutrient levels in patients undergoing Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Among guideline‐adherent studies, the longitudinal changes in micronutrient status were investigated using weighted mean difference (WMD) using a random‐effects model. Among the 82 included studies, the guideline adherence rates for micronutrient supplementation after bariatric surgery did not exceed 20%. In patients supplemented per guidelines, vitamin A significantly decreased after RYGB by −7.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], −10.16 to −4.92) μg/dl at 12–23 months, vitamin E decreased after RYGB by −2.35 (95% CI, −3.65 to −1.05) μg/dl at ≥24 months, and ferritin by −54.93 (95% CI, −77.19 to −32.67] μg/L at ≥24 months after SG, compared with baseline, with moderate level of evidence. Significant decreases in micronutrient levels at certain follow‐up intervals in studies with supplementation per guidelines need to be considered to establish a post‐bariatric micronutrient monitoring schedule for timely detection and management of micronutrient deficiencies.
School‐based physical activity interventions in rural and urban/suburban communities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pfledderer Christopher D. , Burns Ryan D. , Byun Wonwoo , Carson Russell L. , Welk Gregory J. , Brusseau Timothy A. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryDisparities in physical activity and health outcomes exist between urban and rural youth. School settings can be utilized to promote physical activity in youth regardless of urban–rural status. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess and compare the effect of rural and urban/suburban school‐based physical activity programs on total physical activity in youth. A search of five databases was conducted. A total of 33 studies remained after the exclusion process, 28 of which took place in urban/suburban schools and five of which took place in rural schools. The DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was employed with the estimates of heterogeneity taken from the inverse‐variance fixed‐effect model. For rural studies, the Hartung–Knapp–Sidak–Jonkman method was used to obtain error estimates. Results from the total sample indicated a significant but small pooled increase in daily physical activity (Hedge's g = 0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–0.18), which held for interventions conducted in urban/suburban schools (Hedge's g = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.06–0.19). For rural school‐based interventions, there was no significant pooled effect (Hedge's g = 0.06, 95% CI: −0.50 to 0.61). This meta‐analysis provides evidence that school‐based interventions can be marginally effective for increasing daily physical activity in children and adolescents; however, no effect was observed for interventions implemented in rural settings.