bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Fabrication of Anisotropic Multicompartmental Microfibers Using Charge Reversal Electrohydrodynamic Co‐Jetting
Authors: Lee Jaeyu , Moon Seongjun , Han Yong Bin , Yang Seung Jae , Lahann Joerg , Lee Kyung Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnisotropic microstructures are utilized in various fields owing to their unique properties, such as reversible shape transitions or on‐demand and sequential release of drug combinations. In this study, anisotropic multicompartmental microfibers composed of different polymers are prepared via charge reversal electrohydrodynamic (EHD) co‐jetting. The combination of various polymers, such as thermoplastic polyurethane, poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide), poly(vinyl cinnamate), and poly(methyl methacrylate), results in microfibers with distinct compositional boundaries. Charge reversal during EHD co‐jetting enables facile fabrication of multicompartmental microfibers with the desired composition and tunable inner architecture, broadening their spectrum of potential applications, such as functional microfibers and cell scaffolds with multiple physical and chemical properties.
PBK Model‐Based Prediction of Intestinal Microbial and Host Metabolism of Zearalenone and Consequences for its Estrogenicity
Authors: Mendez‐Catala Diana M. , Wang Qianrui , Rietjens Ivonne M.C.M. 
Published: October 2021

ScopeThe aim of the present study is to develop physiologically‐based kinetic (PBK) models for rat and human that include intestinal microbial and hepatic metabolism of zearalenone (ZEN) in order to predict systemic concentrations of ZEN and to obtain insight in the contribution of metabolism by the intestinal microbiota to the overall metabolism of ZEN.Methods and ResultsIn vitro derived kinetic parameters, apparent maximum velocities (Vmax) and Michaelis–Menten constants (Km) for liver and intestinal microbial metabolism of ZEN are included in the PBK models. The models include a sub‐model for the metabolite, α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEL), a metabolite known to be 60‐times more potent as an estrogen than ZEN. Integrating intestinal microbial ZEN metabolism into the PBK models revealed that hepatic metabolism drives the formation of α‐ZEL. Furthermore, the models predicted that at the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.25 µg kg−1 bw the internal concentration of ZEN and α‐ZEL are three‐orders of magnitude below concentrations reported to induce estrogenicity in vitro.ConclusionIt is concluded that combining kinetic data on liver and intestinal microbial metabolism in a PBK model facilitates a holistic view on the role of the intestinal microbiota in the overall metabolism of the foodborne xenobiotic ZEN and its bioactivation to α‐ZEL.
The Ankle Lunge Test for measurement of dorsiflexion in individuals following stroke; reliability, validity and evaluation of change following intervention for spasticity of the lower limb
Authors: Simondson Janine , Simondson David , Formby Claire , Brock Kim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Ankle Lunge Test (ALT) is a reliable method of measuring weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion range, a key component of gait, in healthy ankles and a range of musculoskeletal conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability and concurrent validity of the ALT in people with stroke and investigate whether change in ALT is observed following treatment of spasticity with Botulinum Toxin.MethodologyRepeated Measure Design: Forty stroke survivors were recruited for reliability testing. Twenty three stroke survivors were evaluated with the ALT before and after treatment of the lower limb with Botulinum Toxin. Measurement with the ALT was performed for all participants. For the reliability group, two physiotherapists evaluated the ALT on Day 1 and one therapist re‐evaluated the ALT one to 5 days later. For the change evaluation group, the ALT was tested prior to and six to eight weeks after intervention. Other measures evaluated were velocity, the Functional Ambulation Category, Timed Up and Go and the Modified Tardieu Scale.ResultsIntra‐rater, inter‐rater and test‐retest reliability yielded intra‐class correlation coefficients at or above 0.92. Moderate correlations were found between the ALT and velocity r = 0.605 (p < 0.01), the Timed Up and Go r = −0.598 (p < 0.01) and the Functional Ambulation Category r = 0.380 (p < 0.05). Following intervention with Botulinum Toxin, there was significant (p < 0.02) improvement in the ALT; pre‐median 20 mm (IQR −25 to 35) to post‐median 21 mm (IQR 0 to 40) and the Timed Up and Go; pre‐median 21.40 s (IQR 13.43 to 28.82) to post‐median 20.08 s (IQR 14.06 to 28.47).Conclusion/SignificanceThe ALT is a reliable and valid measure which may be applied in clinical practice to evaluate change in weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion in people with stroke.
From a dimer to a monomer: Construction of a chimeric monomeric isocitrate dehydrogenase
Authors: Tian Changqing , Wen Bin , Bian Mingjie , Jin Mingming , Wang Peng , Xu Lei , Zhu Guoping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) are dimeric enzymes whose catalytic sites are located at the intersubunit interface, whereas monomeric IDHs form catalytic sites with single polypeptide chains. It was proposed that monomeric IDHs were evolved from dimeric ones by partial gene duplication and fusion, but the evolutionary process had not been reproduced in laboratory. To construct a chimeric monomeric IDH from homo‐dimeric one, it is necessary to reconstitute an active center by a duplicated region; to properly link the duplicated region to the rest part; and to optimize the newly formed protein surface. In this study, a chimeric monomeric IDH was successfully constructed by using homo‐dimeric Escherichia coli IDH as a start point by rational design and site‐saturation mutagenesis. The ~67 kDa chimeric enzyme behaved as a monomer in solution, with a Km of 61 μM and a kcat of 15 s−1 for isocitrate in the presence of NADP+ and Mn2+. Our result demonstrated that dimeric IDHs have a potential to evolve monomeric ones. The evolution of the IDH family was also discussed.
Migration policies on migrant–native marriage: A multilevel analysis of 43 Chinese cities
Authors: Tian Felicia F. , Qian Yue 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChina's household registration (hukou) system creates internal migration patterns similar to international patterns. Variations in the stringency of city policies for acquiring local hukou provide a unique opportunity to examine how migration policies affect migrant–native marriage. In this study, we merge a city‐level index that measures the overall difficulty of obtaining local hukou in 43 Chinese cities with China's 2005 mini‐census. Results from multilevel logistic regression models reveal that migration policies have heterogeneous effects on intermarriage. For migrant men, as it becomes more difficult to acquire local hukou, it becomes less likely that a less educated migrant man will marry and more likely that a better educated migrant man will marry a local hukou holder. For migrant women, their likelihood of intermarriage does not vary much with the stringency of hukou policies. These findings suggest that migration policies reinforce inequality between migrants and natives and within the migrant population.
Evaluation of the estimation and classification performance of NONMEM when applying mixture model for drug clearance
Authors: Hui Ka Ho , Lam Tai Ning 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMaximum likelihood estimation of parameters involving mixture model is known to have significant and specific patterns of errors. Population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling using NONMEM is no exception. A few relevant studies on estimation and classification performance were done, but a comprehensive study was not yet available. The current study aims to evaluate performance and likelihood ratio test (LRT)‐based true covariate detection rate when fitting a bimodal mixture of drug clearance (CL) in NONMEM. A large number of PopPK datasets with various settings were simulated and then estimated. The estimates were compared to the simulated values and summarized. The separation between theCLdistributions of the two subpopulations is systematically overestimated. The major factor associated with the performance is the change in the minimum objective function value after removing the mixture component (dOFV). Other significant factors include estimated disparity index (DI), estimated mixing proportion, and number of subjects in the dataset. SmalldOFVand large estimatedDIare associated with the worst performance. Omitting a true mixture resulted in reduced true covariate detection rates. It is recommended that on top of routinely generated standard errors and model diagnostics,dOFV, and other factors when necessary, should be taken into account for the evaluation of performance when fitting mixture model using NONMEM. In addition, when fitting mixture model forCLis intended, the mixture component should be introduced prior to LRT‐based covariate model development forCL.
A nonlocal three‐dimensional turbulence parameterization (NLT3D) for numerical weather prediction models
Authors: Kuell V. , Bott A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith increasing resolution of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, classical subgrid‐scale processes become increasingly resolved on the model grid. In particular, turbulence in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is vertically already partially resolved in contemporary models. For classical local PBL schemes, resulting up‐gradient heat transports cannot be treated correctly. Thus, nonlocal turbulence schemes have been developed in the past. As the horizontal grid sizes of NWP models become smaller than a few kilometers, the large turbulence eddies in the PBL will also start to become partially resolved in the horizontal direction. A very flexible way to formulate nonlocal turbulent exchange is the transilient matrix method, which is used here to develop a new turbulence parameterization. The resulting NLT scheme applies transilient mixing matrices to subgrid‐scale transports in all three dimensions. We compare results of WRF real‐case simulations including our scheme, a classical local turbulence scheme (MYNN), and an existing nonlocal one‐dimensional scheme (ACM2) with observations from field campaigns over homogeneous terrain (CASES‐99) and complex terrain (CAPTEX). Over homogeneous terrain, all three schemes similarly well capture the observed surface fluxes and radiosonde profiles, whereas over complex terrain more differences become obvious. During a tracer release experiment (CAPTEX) over the Appalachian mountain region, the mixing and vertical extent of the PBL turn out to be decisive to reproduce the observed advection speed of the tracer‐marked air mass. Deeper mixing not only accelerates surface winds but also enables tracer to travel faster at higher altitudes and then mix back to the ground. As results from a version of NLT with only standard horizontal Smagorinsky diffusion (NLT) demonstrate, simulating three‐dimensional turbulence can be beneficial already at horizontal grid sizes of a few kilometers.
Liposomal Encapsulation of Phenolic Compounds for Augmentation of Bio‐Efficacy: A Review
Authors: Sengupta Priti , Bose Adity , Sen Kamalika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNaturally occurring phenolic compounds (PCs) exhibit potential biological efficiencies and have potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Poor water solubility along with some other factors limits the usage of PCs in different industrial sectors. The bio‐efficacy of PCs is also affected due to their low water solubilities. Suitable encapsulating systems are thus required to maximize the water solubility and hence enhance the efficacies of bioactive PCs. Liposomal encapsulation is a good option as reflected in numerous research works. In this review, we have discussed different conventional methods and modified methods utilized to prepare PC‐loaded liposomes and the ensuing effect of encapsulation on the stability and bio‐efficacies of PCs. The encapsulation efficiencies of different methods have also been discussed. A comparative assessment of different methods applied for liposomal encapsulation of PCs and their effectiveness in enhancing bio‐efficacy is the key feature of this review.
Antibacterial Activity of Cyclodextrin‐Azo Dye Inclusion Complex Encapsulated Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nanofibers
Authors: Demirci Serkan , Celebioglu Asli , Kinali‐Demirci Selin , Idil Onder , Uyar Tamer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers incorporating azo dye/γ‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex (Azo/γ‐CD‐IC) were successfully produced. The characteristics of the Azo/γ‐CD‐IC and PCL/Azo/γ‐CD‐IC nanofibers were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on the SEM analysis the prepared nanofiber has a smooth surface with a size diameter below 500 nm. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of Azo was further improved after being embedded into Azo/γ‐CD‐IC and the PCL/Azo/γ‐CD‐IC nanofibers. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) was used to calculate the molar ratio of Azo/γ‐CD. The antibacterial activity of the PCL/Azo/γ‐CD‐IC and PCL/Azo nanofibers was investigated using colony counting method and bacterial strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used. The results indicated that PCL/Azo/γ‐CD‐IC nanofibers have enhanced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to PCL/Azo owing to inclusion complexation. Therefore, these PCL/Azo/γ‐CD‐IC nanofibers might have potential applications in the biomedical field.
Synthesis of Fused Quinoline Derivatives from Easily Accessible N‐(2‐aminobenzylidene)‐4‐methylanilines under Catalyst‐Free Conditions in Water
Authors: Vivekanand Thavaraj , Kumar Atul , Menéndez J. Carlos , Kumar Raju Suresh , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Arumugam Natarajan , Sridharan Vellaisamy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA series of 4‐unsubstituted fused quinoline derivatives, including the biologically significant 5‐deazaflavin analogs and 6H‐chromeno[4,3‐b]quinolin‐6‐ones, were synthesized from easily accessible N‐(2‐aminobenzylidene)‐4‐methylanilines and heterocyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds. The reaction was carried out in water in the absence of any catalyst to access the products in high yields. The complications associated with the stability of 2‐aminoarylaldehydes were resolved by using the stable equivalent N‐(2‐aminobenzylidene)‐4‐methylanilines.
Systematic Control of Negative Transconductance in Organic Heterojunction Transistor for High‐Performance, Low‐Power Flexible Ternary Logic Circuits
Authors: Lee Chungryeol , Choi Junhwan , Park Hongkeun , Lee Changhyeon , Kim Chang‐Hyun , Yoo Hocheon , Im Sung Gap 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic multi‐valued logic (MVL) circuits can substantially improve the data processing efficiency in highly advanced wearable electronics. Organic ternary logic circuits can be implemented by utilizing the negative transconductance (NTC) of heterojunction transistors (H‐TRs). To achieve high‐performance organic ternary logic circuits, the range of NTC in H‐TRs must be optimized in advance to ensure the well‐defined intermediate logic state in ternary logic inverters (T‐inverters). Herein, a simple and efficient strategy, which enables the systematic control of the range and position of NTC in H‐TRs is presented. Each thickness of p‐/n‐type semiconductor in H‐TRs is adjusted to control the channel conductivity. Furthermore, asymmetric source/drain (S/D) electrode structure is newly developed for H‐TRs, which can adjust the amount of hole and electron injection, independently. Based on the semiconductor thickness variation and asymmetric S/D electrodes, the T‐inverter exhibits full‐swing operation with three distinguishable logic states, resulting in unprecedentedly high static noise margin (≈48% of the ideal value). Moreover, a flexible T‐inverter with an ultrathin polymer dielectric is demonstrated, whose operating voltage is less than 8 V. The proposed strategy is fully compatible with the conventional integrated circuit design, which is highly desirable for broad applicability and scalability for various types of T‐inverter production.
Engineering Ultrafine NiFe‐LDH into Self‐Supporting Nanosheets: Separation‐and‐Reunion Strategy to Expose Additional Edge Sites for Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Wang Chunli , Ma Xuelu , Liu Feng , Xiao Hai , Zhang Jing , Lin Zhang , Hao Zhengping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHere, a strategy is reported to prepare Ni‐Fe layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) with abundant exposed edge planes for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The edge‐to‐edge assembly of ultrafine NiFe‐LDH directed by graphite‐like carbon is performed through a one‐step hydrothermal process to form self‐supporting nanosheet arrays (named NiFe‐LDH/C), in which ascorbic acid is employed as the carbon precursor to control both the platelet size and the assembly mode of NiFe‐LDH. Benefiting from the unique structural engineering, NiFe‐LDH/C can not only achieve a fast surface reconstruction into the highly active γ‐phase structure, but also exposes abundant active edge sites, thus leading to a superior OER performance with the overpotential as low as 234 mV at a current density of 50 mA cm−2. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the unsaturated Fe‐sites and the bridge‐sites connecting Ni and Fe atoms, which only exist on the edge planes of NiFe‐LDH, are the main active centers responsible for promoting the intrinsic OER activity. This work provides a specific and valuable reference for the rational design of high‐quality electrocatalysts through structural engineering for renewable energy applications.
Electrospun Fibers Improving Cellular Respiration via Mitochondrial Protection
Authors: Chen Wei , Zheng Dandan , Chen Yanru , Ruan Huitong , Zhang Yuhui , Chen Xiuyuan , Shen Hongxing , Deng Lianfu , Cui Wenguo , Chen Hao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCellular respiration is the prerequisite for cell survival and functions, and mitochondrial function and microcirculation oxygen supply are essential for cellular respiration. However, in diabetic fracture, cellular respiration of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) is disrupted because of the dysfunction of mitochondria and microcirculation disorders. Here, the electrospun fibers of GelMA loaded with Hif‐1 pathway activator (DFO) are constructed to improve the cellular respiration of BMSCs via protecting mitochondrial function and reconstructing microcirculation. The sequential process of electrospinning and UV crosslinking endowed the electrospun fibers with breathability and the biomechanical properties like the periosteum. In vitro biomolecular experiments showed that by crosslinking grafted polyethylene glycol acrylate liposomes loaded with DFO, the functional electrospun fibers can release DFO locally to activate Hif‐1 in BMSCs, which can regulate the balance of Bcl‐2/Bax to protect mitochondria and upregulate the expression of VEGF to reconstruct microcirculation. Animal experiments confirmed that the functional electrospun fibers can promote the recovery of diabetic fracture in vivo. These suggested that the functional electrospun fibers can improve cellular respiration for cell survival and functions of BMSCs. This study provides a new treatment strategy for diabetic fracture and other tissue regeneration on basis of cellular respiration improvement.
Einleitung
Authors: Straub Sarah , Baumgardt Iris , Lange Dirk 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vielfältigen Anforderungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt machen es notwendig, dass sich Schüler*innen ein differenziertes Bild vom Arbeitsmarkt verschaffen und ihre eigenen Möglichkeiten kennen, sich zukünftig in die Arbeitswelt zu integrieren bzw. diese aktiv mitzugestalten. Der Anspruch der Mündigkeitsbildung, sowohl an Berufsorientierung als auch an politische Bildung, bildet den Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Studie. Diese befasst sich eingehend mit den Bildungs- und Berufsvorstellungen von Jugendlichen am Ende der Sekundarstufe I, denn die Entscheidung für die weitere Bildungs- oder Berufslaufbahn in dieser Phase ist ein wegweisender Einschnitt im Leben der Jugendlichen. Berufsorientierung und politische Bildung sollen Jugendlichen Werkzeuge an die Hand geben, um die Arbeitswelt, die sie erwartet, zu verstehen und diese aktiv mitgestalten zu können. Dieser Anspruch der Mündigkeitsbildung, sowohl an Berufsorientierung als auch an politische Bildung, stellt die Ausgangsposition für die Vorstellungsforschung subjektiver Sinnbilder über die Berufs- und Arbeitswelt von Jugendlichen in der vorliegenden Studie dar.
Forschungsstand
Authors: Straub Sarah , Baumgardt Iris , Lange Dirk 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden unterschiedliche Berufswahltheorien vorgestellt und ausgewählte Studien zu den Vorstellungen über die Arbeitswelt von Jugendlichen aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum präsentiert. Anschließend wird die Relevanz von Übergangsfaktoren, wie soziale Herkunft, die Kategorie Geschlecht, der Migrationshintergrund und der Einfluss der Medien, diskutiert. Auf dieser Basis werden Ansätze erörtert, die einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der beruflichen Orientierung leisten können.
Empirische Studie
Authors: Straub Sarah , Baumgardt Iris , Lange Dirk 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie empirische Studie gliedert sich in eine quantitative Fragebogenstudie und eine tiefergehende qualitative Interviewstudie. Es werden relevante Daten erhoben, um zu verstehen, welche allgemeinen Vorstellungen Jugendliche von der Arbeitswelt haben, wodurch Berufs- und Bildungsentscheidungen beeinfluss werden und wodurch die Schüler*innen Unterstützung bei der Berufswahl erfahren.
Einleitung
Authors: Hänisch Till , Reichstein Christopher , Sailer Marcel 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungVor Ihnen liegt ein weiteres Buch, das aus einem Integrationsseminar an der Dualen Hochschule Baden-Württemberg in Heidenheim entstanden ist. Im Integrationsseminar werden Studierende im dritten Jahr mit einer komplexen Fragestellung des eigenen Fachbereichs konfrontiert, die so aktuell ist, dass sie noch keinen Eingang ins reguläre Curriculum gefunden hat.
Reichweite und Nomenklatur der AAL-Technologien
Authors: Beyer-Wunsch Pia 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Begrifflichkeiten Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) oder Active Assisted Living (AAL) sowie Smart Home finden sowohl in der Forschung und Wissenschaft als auch im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch Verwendung. Es fällt dabei auf, dass mit wachsender Fülle an Einsatzfeldern und Technologien iterativ neue Begriffe zur Beschreibung der Systeme und Anwendungen generiert oder synonym verwendet werden. Beispielsweise werden „Smart Home“, „Smart Living“ oder „Connected Home“ synonym verwendet.
Schlusswort und Ausblick
Authors: Mahr Andreas , Sailer Marcel 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungWir hoffen, dass unser hier vorliegender Überblick über den aktuellen Stand zum Thema Active Assisted Living (AAL) bei Ihnen mit dem ein oder anderen Vorurteil gegenüber „der Technikzentrierung“ aufgeräumt hat, Verständnis für den Nutzen und die Notwendigkeit der Entwicklungen geweckt und ganz prinzipiell Ihr Interesse am Thema geweckt oder vertieft hat.