bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analytical model for predicting the natural frequency of retaining structures
Authors: Guechi Lyazid , Belkacemi Smaïn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The importance of the retaining structures is crucial in geotechnical engineering and the accurate determination of static and seismic earth pressures and natural frequency is important for study the dynamic behavior of these structures. Usually analytical formulas which do not consider the earth pressures behind retaining structure are used. An analytical model for predicting the natural frequency of retaining structures including the earth pressures by failure wedges is proposed in the present analysis. The model considers the effect of Coulomb and Mononobe Okabe failure wedges. Backfill material is considered in the analysis as cohesionless. The failure wedge is an important factor which should be considered in determining the natural frequency of retaining structures. As the weight of failure wedge increases the natural frequency decreases significantly. The current model is validated using several analytical models reported in the literature of the earlier researcher.
A novel patient-derived cell line of adrenocortical carcinoma shows a pathogenic role of germline MUTYH mutation and high tumour mutational burden
Authors: Landwehr Laura-Sophie , Schreiner Jochen , Appenzeller Silke , Kircher Stefan , Herterich Sabine , Sbiera Silviu , Fassnacht Martin , Kroiss Matthias , Weigand Isabel 
Published: April 2021

Background
The response of advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) to current chemotherapies is unsatisfactory and a limited rate of response to immunotherapy was observed in clinical trials. High tumour mutational burden (TMB) and the presence of a specific DNA signature are characteristic features of tumours with mutations in the gene MUTYH encoding the mutY DNA glycosylase. Both have been shown to potentially predict the response to immunotherapy. High TMB in an ACC cell line model has not been reported yet.

Design and methods
The JIL-2266 cell line was established from a primary ACC tumour, comprehensively characterised and oxidative damage, caused by a dysfunctional mutY DNA glycosylase, confirmed.

Results
Here, we characterise the novel patient-derived ACC cell line JIL-2266, which is deficient in mutY-dependent DNA repair. JIL-2266 cells have a consistent STR marker profile that confirmed congruousness with primary ACC tumour. Cells proliferate with a doubling time of 41 ± 13 h. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for steroidogenic factor-1. Mass spectrometry did not demonstrate significant steroid hormone synthesis. JIL-2266 have hemizygous mutations in the tumour suppressor gene TP53 (c.859G>T:p.E287X) and MUTYH (c.316C>T:p.R106W). Exome sequencing showed 683 single nucleotide variants and 4 insertions/deletions. We found increased oxidative DNA damage in the cell line and the corresponding primary tumour caused by impaired mutY DNA glycosylase function and accumulation of 8-oxoguanine.

Conclusion
This model will be valuable as a pre-clinical ACC cell model with high TMB and a tool to study oxidative DNA damage in the adrenal gland.
BIOLOGY EDUCATION STUDENTS’ ANALYSIS OF REASONING ON PLANT TAXONOMY COURSEWHITE RASCH MODEL
Authors: Wigati Indah , Aini Kurratul 
Published: April 2021

ANALISIS PENALARAN MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI PADA MATA KULIAH TAKSONOMI TUMBUHAN DENGAN MODEL RASCHAbstractThe reasoning is the stage of thinking that tries to connect facts or evidence to reach conclusions. The reasoning includes thinking and reasoning skills that support the formation and modification of concepts. The complexity of learning stages and reasoning gives results in inequality or low levels of reasoning owned by students. This study aimed to analyze the reasoning of students in the Plant Taxonomy course. This research used a descriptive quantitative design. This research used a test instrument administered on 36 students of Biology Education of UIN Raden Fatah Palembang with data collected using questions with indicators based on Toulmin's assessment (2003). The data analysis was conducted by analyzing the level of individual ability (person measure) to determine students' reasoning ability. The data analysis showed that one student had a logit person score of +3.05, namely student number 02, with a high reasoning category. There were twenty-four students, with a medium reasoning category. Two students have the lowest logit person score, namely students 08 and 14, with a logit person score of -0.49. The results indicated that generally, students had difficulty finding plant taxonomy concepts; therefore, thinking needed to be taught more in-depth, so students could manage the information received and conduct a good reasoning analysis in problem-solving.AbstrakPenalaran merupakan tahap berpikir yang mencoba menghubungkan fakta atau evidensi untuk mencapai kesimpulan. Penalaran mencakup keterampilan berpikir dan bernalar yang mendukung pembentukan dan modifikasi konsep. Kompleksnya tahapan belajar hingga pada tahap penalaran, mengakibatkan adanya ketidakmerataan atau rendahnya tingkat penalaran yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penalaran mahasiswa pada Mata kuliah Taksonomi Tumbuhan. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian menggunakan instrumen tes yang dilaksanakan pada 36 mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan soal dengan indikator berdasarkan asesmen Toulmin (2003). Analisis data dengan menganalisis tingkat abilitas individu (person measure) untuk melihat kemampuan penalaran mahasiswa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat satu mahasiswa yang memiliki nilai logit person +3,05 yaitu mahasiswa nomor 02, dengan kategori penalaran tinggi. Terdapat dua puluh empat mahasiswa, dengan kategori penalaran sedang. Terdapat dua mahasiswa yang memiliki nilai logit person paling rendah, yaitu mahasiswa 08 dan 14 dengan nilai logit person -0,49. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, secara umum mahasiswa banyak mengalami kesulitan dalam menemukan konsep taksonomi tumbuhan sehingga perlu lebih dalam mengajarkan cara berpikir mahasiswa, sehingga mahasiswa dapat mengelola informasi yang diterima dan melakukan analisis penalaran yang baik dalam memecahkan masalah.
PAPEL DA APRENDIZAGEM ATIVA NO ENSINO HÍBRIDO EM UM MUNDO PÓS-PANDEMIA
Authors: Frango Silveira Ismar 
Published: April 2021

A emergência trazida pela pandemia da Covid-19 impôs modificações em praticamente todos os contextos da vida humana – e não poderia ser diferente na Educação. No âmbito da Educação Superior brasileira, o ano de 2020 foi marcado por universidades fechadas e a adoção, em diferentes escalas, de soluções remotas emergenciais em substituição às aulas presenciais. Este movimento adiantou em anos as discussões latentes a respeito da adoção de estratégias híbridas de ensino nesse segmento educacional, um cenário que poderia ser distante há poucos meses, mas que agora parece aproximar-se com bastante premência. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo pretende discutir lições aprendidas no contexto do ensino remoto emergencial e seus impactos em uma possível adoção futura de modelos híbridos, bem como lançar luz sobre como práticas educacionais baseadas em metodologias ativas podem auxiliar nessa transição, de modo a proporcionar experiências de aprendizagem realmente efetivas em um novo modelo de oferta educacional.
PROGRAMA DE MELHORIA DO ACESSO E DA QUALIDADE DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA SOB A ÓTICA MÉDICA
Authors: Amaro Marilane , Paulo Oliveira Jean , Toledo de Mendonça Érica , Amaro de Carvalho Camilo , Pacheco Zanelli Fernando , Guerra Siman Andreia 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: compreender a concepção sobre o Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) sob a ótica dos médicos atuantes nas equipes de Saúde da Família. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 14 médicos através de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Elaboraram-se três categorias temáticas: A concepção médica sobre o PMAQ-AB: visões que se contrapõem; A face positiva do PMAQ-AB; PMAQ-AB e as dificuldades vivenciadas pelos médicos. Conclusão: Fazem-se necessários programas de educação permanente no tocante às políticas de saúde de forma a incorporá-las com maior efetividade visando à qualidade nas práticas dos serviços de saúde. Ressalta-se a necessidade de investimentos na estrutura física e recursos materiais que são apontados como aspectos limitadores para a atuação dos profissionais.
Factors associated with the risk subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in rotational shift workers in the Arctic
Authors: Shurkevich N. P. , Vetoshkin A. S. , Gapon L. I. , Dyachkov S. M. , Simonyan A. A. 
Published: April 2021

Objective.To determine the most unfavorable predictors of atherosclerotic plaque (ASP) in carotid arteries (CA) in rotational shift workers in the Arctic using traditional risk factors, clinical and instrumental methods of research.Design and methods. In 2010–2012, we randomly selected 424 males aged 30–59 years from 1708 rotational shift workers at the medical unit of the gas production company “Gazprom dobycha Yamburg” (Yamburg settlement, 68ºN) and performed preventive medical examination. Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to blood pressure (BP) level. Group 1 included 294 patients with hypertension (HTN) of 1 or 2 stages > 140/90 mmHg and group 2 was comprised of 130 people with BP < 140/90 mmHg. The groups did not differ by age, total work experience in the Arctic and rotational shiftwork duration. Ultrasound examination of CA showed presence or absence of ASP and stenosis by NASCET method. In addition, we assessed traditional risk factors and performed 24-hour BP monitoring and blood tests including lipid spectrum, glucose level, creatinine.Results.ASP was found more often in subjects with HTN (group 1) than in people with normal BP in the same age group, 95 % CI 56–60 % vs 95 % CI 14–20 %, (p < 0,0001). The groups did not differ significantly in the nutritional habits (p = 0,067). At the same time, the rate of smoking (p = 0,039), low physical activity (p = 0,007), overweight (p < 0,0001) was significantly higher in group 1 compared to subjects with normal BP. According to multivariate analysis, three variables with the most significant predictors associated with ASP in CA with sensitivity 75,9 % were selected using step-by-step method: diastolic BP 24 (DBP24) (p < 0,0001), glucose (p = 0,017) and total cholesterol (p = 0,044). The linear function was obtained: F = –7,664 + 0,225 × Chol + 0,366 × Glu + 0,057 × DBP24, where the variable “Chol” is the level of total cholesterol in the blood in mmol/l; “Glu” — the level of blood glucose in mmol/l; “DBP24” — average 24-hour diastolic BP. Based on the model, we concluded that DBP24 increment by 1 mmHg increases the risk for developing ASB in CA by 5,9 %, OR = 1,059 (95 % CI: 1,033; 1,087); the increment in glucose and total cholesterol by 1 mmol/l increases the risk by 44,1 % and 25,2 %, respectively: OR = 1,441 (95 % CI: 1,084; 1,966), OR = 1,252 (95 % CI: 1,010; 1,565).Conclusions.Our data enable to determine the most unfavorable predictors of ASP in CA and can potentially serve as a guideline for early diagnosis and medical management to prevent cardiovascular diseases in rotational shift workers in the Arctic.
Indonesia’s Foreign Policy in Pacific Island Countries during Joko Widodo Era 2014-2019: An Adaptive Action?
Authors: Wati Vrameswari Omega , Apresian Stanislaus Risadi , Dewi Elisabeth A. Satya 
Published: April 2021

Istilah ‘Pacific Elevation’ muncul pertama kali ketika penyelenggaraan Pacific Exposition pada 2019 lalu di Auckland, Selandia Baru. Konsep baru ini diperkenalkan oleh Menteri Luar Negeri, Retno Marsudi sebagai istilah yang merujuk pada era baru kemitraan yang lebih kuat antara Indonesia dengan negara-negara Kepulauan Pasifik. Kegiatan yang dimanfaatkan untuk membahas berbagai peluang kerja sama ini merupakan salah satu bentuk realisasi kebijakan ‘Look East’ oleh Indonesia dengan memberikan perhatian lebih melalui berbagai keterlibatannya di negara-negara Kepulauan Pasifik. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur dan diskusi kelompok terarah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan memaparkan realisasi kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia di negara-negara Kepulauan Pasifik merupakan tindakan adaptif sebagai respons dari perkembangan yang terjadi di lingkup eksternal. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan di negara-negara Kepulauan Pasifik seperti seringnya pergantian kepemimpinan yang terjadi, manuver politik Gerakan Persatuan Pembebasan untuk Papua Barat, dan disuarakannya isu Papua oleh beberapa negara di Kepulauan Pasifik dalam sidang PBB mendorong pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan kebijakan adaptif untuk mengatasi potensi ancaman yang diterima dengan cara meningkatkan keterlibatan yang lebih intensif di kawasan Kepulauan Pasifik.Kata-kata kunci: Kebijakan luar negeri, Adaptif, Papua, Kepulauan PasifikThe term 'Pacific Elevation' first appeared in the Pacific Exposition event in 2019 in Auckland, New Zealand. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Retno Marsudi, introduced this new concept as a term that refers to a new era of stronger partnerships between Indonesia and Pacific Island Countries (PIC). The activity used to discuss various opportunities for cooperation is one of the realizations of the 'Look East' policy by giving more attention to Indonesia's various engagements in the PICs. This study employs a qualitative method with data collection techniques through literature study and focus group discussions. This article aims to analyze and explain that Indonesia's foreign policy in PICs is an adaptive action in response to developments in the external environment. The results of this study indicate that developments in PICs such as frequent leadership changes, political maneuvering of the United Liberation Movement of West Papua, and voicing the issue of Papua by several PICs in the UN forum encouraged the Indonesian government to issue an adaptive policy to overcome the potential threats received by Indonesia by increasing more intensive involvement in the region of Pacific Islands.Keywords: Foreign policy, Adaptive, Papua, Pacific Islands
Gawai Dayak Festival and the Increase of Foreign Tourist Visits
Authors: Elyta Elyta 
Published: April 2021

AbstrakGawai Dayak adalah festival tahunan di Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia dan Sarawak, Malaysia, yang memperlihatkan kekayaan seni budaya dan tradisi Suku Dayak yang berkembang baik di Kalimantan Barat maupun di Sarawak. Artikel ini mengkaji upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah Propinsi Kalimantan Barat di dalam memanfaatkan festival Gawai Dayak sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara. Bagaimana langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan sehingga festival Gawai Dayak mampu menjadi sarana meningkatkan jumlah kunjungn wisatawan asing ke Kalimantan Barat? Menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, data yang dinalisis dalam artikel ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan studi dokumentasi yang terkait dengan penyelenggaraan Gawai Dayak. Sejumlah upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam membenahi tatakelola wisata di Kalimantan Barat teridentifikasi dan berpotensi menjadi instrumen soft power memperkenalkan budaya dan sekaligus menjadi sarana daya tarik wisata bagi Propinsi Kalimantan Barat. Kata Kunci: Gawai Dayak, pariwisata, soft power Gawai Dayak is an annual festival in West Kalimantan, Indonesia and Sarawak, Malaysia, which shows the richness of the arts and culture and traditions of the Dayak tribe that have developed both in West Kalimantan and in Sarawak. This article examines the efforts made by the West Kalimantan provincial government to utilize the Gawai Dayak festival as a means to increase foreign tourist visits. What steps can be taken so that the Gawai Dayak festival can be a means of increasing the number of foreign tourist visits to West Kalimantan? Using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, the data analyzed in this article were collected through interviews and documentary studies related to organizing the Dayak Gawai event. A number of efforts made by the government in improving tourism management in West Kalimantan have been identified and have the potential to become a soft power instrument to introduce culture and at the same time become a means of tourist attraction for West Kalimantan Province. Keywords: Gawai Dayak, tourism, soft power
Criminal Protection of the Family in the Iraqi Legislation
Authors: Almusawi Bassim Jameel 
Published: April 2021

The protection of the family is the basic principle for building a strong society and family protection policy is one of the most significant among the responsibilities of legislations. The current paper reviews the protection of family according to Iraqi legislation and discusses various types of crimes involving children or families according to Iraqi law. In this article doctrinal legal research was adopted and it assessed sources from both primary and secondary data. The research concludes that Iraqi legislation provides correct protection through a number of legal texts organizing the crimes against family. However, it has failed to achieve full criminal protection for the family. There are both theoretical weakness of law and the routine abuse against family in daily practice. The present paper aims to fill a critical gap in our understanding regarding deficient area in Iraqi law while dealing with the rights of members of family and proposes further work to be done so that Iraqi legislator can provide full criminal protection for family.
Legal Problems of Environmental Impact Assessment in Thailand Calling for Law Revision
Authors: Phothiruk Darika 
Published: April 2021

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is well-known and widely used as an essential tool for environmental management. Over the past 40 years, there have been problems and obstacles in law enforcement and prosecutions in many cases under the EIA laws related to national development projects in Thailand. For this reason, this article aims to present the results of a study of the legal measures on the EIA process in Thailand. This study was conducted through reviewing concepts and theories concerning the EIA and related laws both in Thailand and abroad. The main objective of this study was to analyze the condition of problems and obstacles caused by attempts made in the law enforcement. The importance of the study would result in revision of the laws related to the EIA process to achieve sustainable development goals.
Fracture Risk Assessment
Authors: Cozadd Andrew J. , Schroder Lisa K. , Switzer Julie A. 
Published: April 2021

➤ Our ability to accurately identify high fracture risk in individuals has improved as the volume of clinical data has expanded and fracture risk assessment tools have been developed.➤ Given its accessibility, affordability, and low radiation exposure, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) remains the standard for osteoporosis screening and monitoring response to treatment.➤ The trabecular bone score (TBS) is a DXA software add-on that uses lumbar spine DXA imaging to produce an output that correlates with bone microarchitecture. It has been identified as an independent fracture risk factor and may prove useful in further stratifying fracture risk among those with a bone mineral density (BMD) in the osteopenic range (−1.0 to −2.4 standard deviations), in those with low-energy fractures but normal or only mildly low BMD, or in those with conditions known to impair bone microarchitecture.➤ Fracture risk assessment tools, including the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), Garvan fracture risk calculator, and QFracture, evaluate the impact of multiple clinical factors on fracture risk, even in the absence of BMD data. Each produces an absolute fracture risk output over a defined interval of time. When used appropriately, these enhance our ability to identify high-risk patients and allow us to differentiate fracture risk among patients who present with similar BMDs.➤ For challenging clinical cases, a combined approach is likely to improve accuracy in the identification of high-risk patients who would benefit from the available osteoporosis therapies.
Histologic Evaluation of Tibial Attachment in 11-Year Double-Bundle ACL Reconstruction with Hamstring Tendons
Authors: Okazaki Yuki , Abe Nobuhiro , Makiyama Kimihiko , Furumatsu Takayuki , Miyazawa Shinichi , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: April 2021

Case:
A 49-year-old woman injured her anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) as a high-school student. Double-bundle ACL reconstruction (DBACLR) using hamstring tendon grafts was performed because of recurrent instability. Eleven years after DBACLR, total knee arthroplasty was performed because of osteoarthritis progression. Histologic analysis was completed to observe the osteointegration of the tendon in the obtained proximal tibia. The tibial tunnel showed Sharpey-like fibers anteriorly, connecting the tendon graft and lamellar bone, whereas the intraarticular exit revealed well-aligned chondrocytes posteriorly, indicating chondral metaplasia of the tendon graft.

Conclusion:
Tendon-bone healing can regenerate both fibrous insertion and chondral metaplasia in DBACLR.
An Improved New Convolutional Neural Network Method for Inverting the Pore Pressure in Oil Reservoir by Surface Vertical Deformation
Authors: Hu Chaoyang , Wang Fengjiao , Ai Chi , Wang Xu , Wang Yongping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Average pore pressure in oil formation is an important parameter to measure energy in the formation and the capacity of injection–production. In past studies, average pore pressure mainly depends on pressure build-up test results, which have a high cost and need a long testing time, so it is not conducive to utilize. In this paper, the vertical deformation of the Earth’s surface was used to calculate changes in reservoir pore pressure. We set up the marker stake for measuring ground displacement and measured the vertical deformation at the in situ position. Furthermore, we provided an improved new convolutional neural network (CNN), which adopted image-to-image mode, removed pooling layers and full connection layers, and used a new loss function considering the boundary influence coefficient matrix. Then, the machine learning method was used to invert surface vertical deformation to change pore pressure in the oil reservoir. The method was tested in the block of the Sazhong X development zone, in the Daqing Oilfield of China. The average pore-pressure change values of 20 grids whose area was 900×900 m each were determined by the inversion of the corresponding surface vertical deformation at 27 marker stakes. The pore pressure change accuracy reached 82.34%. This study provides a new method for calculating average pore pressure in terms of an oil block. At the same time, it also provides a new technical method for inversion calculations.