bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Method of Optimal Control for Class 8 Vehicle Platoons Over Hilly Terrain
Authors: Ward Jacob W. , Stegner Evan M. , Hoffman Mark A. , Bevly David M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work develops and implements a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) control system to facilitate fuel-optimal platooning of class 8 vehicles over challenging terrain. Prior research has shown that cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC), which allows multiple class 8 vehicles to follow in close succession, can save between 3% and 8% in overall fuel consumption on flat terrain. However, on more challenging terrain, e.g., rolling hills, platooning vehicles can experience diminished fuel savings, and, in some cases, an increase in fuel consumption relative to individual vehicle operation. This research explores the use of NMPC with predefined route grade profiles to allow platooning vehicles to generate an optimal velocity trajectory with respect to fuel consumption. In order to successfully implement the NMPC system, a model relating vehicle velocity to fuel consumption was generated and validated using experimental data. Additionally, the predefined route grade profiles were created by using the vehicle's GPS velocity over the desired terrain. The real-time NMPC system was then implemented on a two-truck platoon operating over challenging terrain, with a reference vehicle running individually. The results from NMPC platooning are compared against fuel results from a classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) headway control method. This comparison yields the comparative fuel savings and energy efficiency benefit of the NMPC system. In the final analysis, significant fuel savings of greater than 14 and 20% were seen for the lead and following vehicles relative to their respective traditional cruise control and platooning architectures.
An Optimal Speed Control Method of Multiple Turboshaft Engines Based on Sequence Shifting Control Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yong , Cai Changpeng , Song Jie , Zhang Haibo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to overcome the problem of significant drop in operational efficiency remarkably while power turbine speed varies among a large range, an optimal speed control method of multiple turboshaft engines based on sequential shifting control (SSC) algorithm is proposed. Firstly, combined with multispeed gearboxes, a sequential shifting control algorithm of multiple turboshaft engines is proposed and designed to accomplish continuously variable speed control. Then, selecting the minimum engine fuel flow as the optimization objective, an integrated optimization method of optimal speed based on multiple engines and multispeed gearboxes is proposed to promote the operational economy. Finally, the simulation tests of the optimal speed control method of twin and triple turboshaft engines are conducted separately. The results demonstrate that the optimal speed control method of multiple turboshaft engines based on SSC algorithm can change the power turbine speeds by no more than 7% and the main rotor speed by over 8% simultaneously. In addition, compared with the fixed-ratio transmission (FRT), engine fuel flows decrease by more than 2% under different cruise states. It proves that the optimal speed control method is beneficial to obtain more superior overall performances of the integrated helicopter/multi-engine system without considerable loss of compressor surge margin.
Stall Warning Strategy Based on Fast Wavelet Analysis in a Multistage Axial Flow Compressor
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Jichao , Du Juan , Zhang Hongwu , Nie Chaoqun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As a reliable stall warning strategy, the fast wavelet method was introduced to successfully predict the aerodynamic instability of a multistage axial flow compressor. One single sensor installed at each stage is proved to be sufficient to predict the stability status in a three-stage axial flow compressor. The whole prediction strategy includes the dynamic pressure signal capture, disturbance extraction using decomposition and reconstruction via fast wavelet transform, and stall warning index calculation based on statistical probability distribution. On this premise, the first occurrence of the stall in this three-stage axial flow compressor is predicted to be within the first stage, which is consistent with the stall route captured by the eight transducers around the casing wall. Thereafter, the stall warning index is used to monitor the stability status during the continuous throttling process. Furthermore, the validation using tip air injection and inlet radial distortion indicated that the stall warning index decreases as the compressor's stability improves. Conversely, the deterioration of stability causes the increase of the stall warning index. Thus, experimental results demonstrate that the stall warning method based on fast wavelet analysis can predict the aerodynamic instability in actual application.
In Vitro Evaluation of a Nasal Interface Used to Improve Delivery From a Portable Oxygen Concentrator
Authors: Christianson Cole D. , Pillay Kineshta , Chen John Z. , Finlay Warren H. , Martin Andrew R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Portable oxygen concentrators (POCs) are widely used to administer long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) and employ pulsed delivery modes to conserve oxygen. Efficient pulsed delivery requires that POCs are triggered by patient inhalation. Triggering is known to fail for some patients during periods of quiet breathing, as occurs during sleep. This article describes a new nasal interface designed to improve triggering of pulsed oxygen delivery from POCs. In vitro experiments incorporating realistic nasal airway replicas and simulated breathing were conducted. The pressure monitored via oxygen supply tubing (the signal pressure) was measured over a range of constant inhalation flow rates with the nasal interface inserted into the nares of the nasal airway replicas, and then compared with signal pressures measured for standard and flared nasal cannulas. The triggering efficiency and fraction of inhaled oxygen (FiO2) were next evaluated for the nasal interface and cannulas used with a commercial POC during simulated tidal breathing through the replicas. Higher signal pressures were achieved for the nasal interface than for nasal cannulas at all flow rates studied. The nasal interface triggered pulsed delivery from the POC in cases where nasal cannulas had failed to do so. FiO2 was significantly higher for successful triggering cases than for failed triggering cases. The nasal interface improved triggering of pulsed oxygen delivery from a POC and presents a simple solution that could be used with commercially available POCs to reliably supply oxygen during periods of quiet breathing.
Active Cooling System for Downhole Electronics in High-Temperature Environments
Authors: Wei Minghui , Cai Wei , Xu Mingze , Deng Shuang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Downhole high-temperature environment is an important factor affecting the performance of downhole electronic system. At present, various active cooling technologies and passive cooling technologies have been proposed to reduce the temperature of downhole electric circuit system. However, passive cooling technologies can only provide limited cooling capacity for drilling tools under high-temperature environment, and the duration of cooling is short, which cannot meet the long-time drilling task. This paper presents an active cooling system (ACS) for downhole electronics and the effects of different temperatures on the performance of electronic components are analyzed. The ACS mainly includes a micro supercharger, condenser tube, evaporation pipe, capillary tube, and refrigerant. The theoretical analysis of heat transfer and refrigerant capacity in high-temperature environment is carried out. The thermal characteristics of the ACS are evaluated experimentally. The results show that the temperature of electronic components can be reduced to below 163 °C in the 200 °C downhole environment and components. The geomagnetic field data measured by electronic components at room temperature, 200 °C and with ACS are compared. The results show that ACS can keep electronic components working normally.
Micro-Testing While Drilling for Rate of Penetration Optimization: Experiments and Simulations
Authors: Nystad Magnus , Aadnøy Bernt Sigve , Pavlov Alexey 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The rate of penetration (ROP) is one of the key parameters related to the efficiency of the drilling process. Within the confines of operational limits, the drilling parameters affecting the ROP should be optimized to drill more efficiently and safely, to reduce the overall cost of constructing the well. In this study, a data-driven optimization method called Extremum Seeking (ES) is employed to automatically find and maintain the optimal weight on bit (WOB) which maximizes the ROP. The ES algorithm is a model-free method that gathers information about the current downhole conditions by automatically performing small tests with the WOB and executing optimization actions based on the test results. In this paper, this optimization method is augmented with a combination of a predictive and a reactive constraint handling technique to adhere to operational limitations. These methods of constraint handling are demonstrated for a maximal limit imposed on the surface torque, but the methods are generic and can be applied to various drilling parameters. The proposed optimization scheme has been tested with experiments on a downscaled drilling rig and simulations on a high-fidelity drilling simulator of a full-scale drilling operation. The experiments and simulations show the method’s ability to steer the system to the optimum and to handle constraints and noisy data, resulting in safe and efficient drilling at high ROP.
Bridging thrombolysis in atrial fibrillation stroke is associated with increased hemorrhagic complications without improved outcomes
Authors: Akbik Feras , Alawieh Ali , Dimisko Laurie , Howard Brian M , Cawley C Michael , Tong Frank C , Nahab Fadi , Samuels Owen B , Maier Ilko , Feng Wuwei , Goyal Nitin , Starke Robert M , Rai Ansaar , Fargen Kyle M , Psychogios Marios N , Jabbour Pascal , De Leacy Reade , Keyrouz Saleh G , Dumont Travis M , Kan Peter , Liman Jan , Arthur Adam S , Wolfe Stacey Q , Mocco J , Crosa Roberto Javier , Fox W Christopher , Gory Benjamin , Spiotta Alejandro M , Grossberg Jonathan A 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) associated ischemic stroke is associated with worse functional outcomes, less effective recanalization, and increased rates of hemorrhagic complications after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Conversely, AF is not associated with hemorrhagic complications or functional outcomes in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT). This differential effect of MT and IVT in AF associated stroke raises the question of whether bridging thrombolysis increases hemorrhagic complications in AF patients undergoing MT.MethodsThis international cohort study of 22 comprehensive stroke centers analyzed patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing MT between June 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020. Patients were divided into four groups based on comorbid AF and IVT exposure. Baseline patient characteristics, complications, and outcomes were reported and compared.Results6461 patients underwent MT for LVO. 2311 (35.8%) patients had comorbid AF. In non-AF patients, bridging therapy improved the odds of good 90 day functional outcomes (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.29, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.60, p=0.025) and did not increase hemorrhagic complications. In AF patients, bridging therapy led to significant increases in symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and parenchymal hematoma type 2 (aOR 1.66, 1.07 to 2.57, p=0.024) without any benefit in 90 day functional outcomes. Similar findings were noted in a separate propensity score analysis.ConclusionIn this large thrombectomy registry, AF patients exposed to IVT before MT had increased hemorrhagic complications without improved functional outcomes, in contrast with non-AF patients. Prospective trials are warranted to assess whether AF patients represent a subgroup of LVO patients who may benefit from a direct to thrombectomy approach at thrombectomy capable centers.
Holographic insulator/superconductor phase transition via matching method and thermodynamic geometry approach
Authors: Parai Diganta , Ghorai Debabrata , Gangopadhyay Sunandan 
Published: November 2021

This paper employs two analytical techniques, namely, the matching method and the thermodynamic geometry approach to investigate the insulator/superconductor phase transition holographically in the presence of a five-dimensional AdS soliton background. This is a sequel of our earlier work [D. Parai, S. Gangopadhyay and D. Ghorai, Ann. Phys. 403, 59 (2019)] where we carried out a similar analysis using the Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue approach. We have first used the matching method to obtain the critical chemical potential, condensation operator and the charge density. Next, we investigate the free energy and thermodynamic geometry of this model. This investigation of the thermodynamic geometry leads to the critical chemical potential of the system from the condition of the divergence of the scalar curvature. We have then compared the value of the critical chemical potential [Formula: see text] obtained from these two different methods. The findings are then compared with the numerical and analytical results obtained from the Sturm–Liouville technique.
Progression of Carcinoid Heart Disease in the Modern Management Era
Authors: Baron Emilie , Szymanski Catherine , Hergault Hélène , Lepère Céline , Dubourg Olivier , Hauguel‐Moreau Marie , Mansencal Nicolas 
Published: November 2021

Background
The development of carcinoid heart disease (CaHD) is still relatively unclear. It is difficult to define an optimal follow‐up for patients without any cardiac involvement at baseline. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and natural history of CaHD by annual echocardiographic examinations.

Methods and Results

We studied 137 consecutive patients (61±12 years, 53% men) with proven digestive endocrine tumor and carcinoid syndrome between 1997 and 2017. All patients underwent serial conventional transthoracic echocardiographic studies. Right‐sided and left‐sided CaHD were systematically assessed. We used a previous validated echocardiographic scoring system of severity for the assessment of CaHD. An increase of 25% of the score was considered to be significant. Mean follow‐up was 54±45 months. Prevalence of CaHD was 27% at baseline and 32% at 5‐year follow‐up. Disease progression was reported in 28% of patients with initial CaHD followed up for >2 years (n=25). In patients without any cardiac involvement at baseline, occurrence of disease was 21%. CaHD occurred >5 years from the initial echocardiographic examination in 42% of our cases, especially in patients presenting with new recurrence of a digestive endocrine tumor. An increase of urinary 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid by 25% during follow‐up was identified as an independent predictor of CaHD occurrence during follow‐up (hazard ratio [HR], 5.81; 95% CI, 1.19–28.38;
P
=0.03), as well as a maximum value of urinary 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid >205 mg/24 h during follow‐up (HR, 8.41; 95% CI, 1.64–43.07;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that in patients without initial CaHD, cardiac involvement may occur late and is related to serotonin. Our data emphasize the need for cardiologic follow‐up in patients with recurrence of the tumor process.
Effectiveness and Safety of NOAC Versus Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Melgaard Line , Overvad Thure Filskov , Jensen Martin , Christensen Thomas Decker , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard , Nielsen Peter Brønnum 
Published: November 2021

Background
Guideline recommendations on the use of non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with aortic stenosis are based on studies including a low number of patients with aortic stenosis. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of NOAC versus warfarin on thromboembolism and major bleeding among AF patients with aortic stenosis.

Methods and Results
We emulated a target trial using observational data from Danish nationwide registries between 2013 and 2018. Thromboembolism was defined as a hospital diagnosis of ischemic stroke and/or systemic embolism, and major bleeding was defined as a hospital diagnosis of intracranial bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, or major or clinically relevant bleeding in other anatomic sites. Treatment effect estimates were based on an intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol approach. A total of 3726 patients with AF and aortic stenosis claimed a prescription for either a NOAC (2357 patients) or warfarin (1369 patients) and met the eligibility criteria for the trial. During 3 years of follow‐up, the adjusted hazard ratios for thromboembolism and major bleeding were 1.62 (95% CI, 1.08–2.45) and 0.73 (0.59–0.91) for NOAC compared with warfarin in the intention‐to‐treat analyses. Similar results were observed in the per‐protocol analyses.

Conclusions
In this observational study, we observed a higher risk of thromboembolism but a lower risk of major bleeding for treatment with NOACs compared with warfarin in patients with AF and aortic stenosis. This observation needs confirmation in large randomized trials in these commonly encountered patients.
Structured Self-Supervised Pretraining for Commonsense Knowledge Graph Completion
Authors: Huang Jiayuan , Du Yangkai , Tao Shuting , Xu Kun , Xie Pengtao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo develop commonsense-grounded NLP applications, a comprehensive and accurate commonsense knowledge graph (CKG) is needed. It is time-consuming to manually construct CKGs and many research efforts have been devoted to the automatic construction of CKGs. Previous approaches focus on generating concepts that have direct and obvious relationships with existing concepts and lack an capability to generate unobvious concepts. In this work, we aim to bridge this gap. We propose a general graph-to-paths pretraining framework that leverages high-order structures in CKGs to capture high-order relationships between concepts. We instantiate this general framework to four special cases: long path, path-to-path, router, and graph-node-path. Experiments on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods. The code will be released via the public GitHub repository.
Two Kabbalistic Historical Approaches: Between Safed and Byzantium
Authors: Goldschmidt Roee Yaakov 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cosmological descriptions and interpretations of the process of creation in kabbalistic literature deeply influenced various conceptual issues, especially the definition of “history.” Sefer ha-Temuna, which first appeared in Byzantium over the course of the fourteenth century, presents a unique concept of history in which the entire world operates according to a precise and predetermined model: the Sabbatical theory (Torat ha-shemitot). Its approach, however, was criticized by the Safed kabbalists in the sixteenth century. This article attempts to explain why this idea continued to influence Eastern European kabbalists in later generations, despite the harsh opposition it encountered.
The Boundaries of Knowledge: The Unity of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik’s Jewish Philosophy in Light of His Doctoral Dissertation
Authors: Smilowitz Mark 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Two philosophical positions adopted by Soloveitchik in his doctoral dissertation continued to inform his Jewish philosophical writings throughout his career. The first position, epistemological pluralism, stands behind Soloveitchik’s approach to the religious view of causality and repentance in his writings during the 1940s–1960s. It also grounds his consistent use of the dialectical method. The second position, the eternal mystery of the unknown, comes from the Marburg neo-Kantian Paul Natorp; this idea is a consistent thread throughout Soloveitchik’s writings and a foundation of his existentialist writings through the late 1970s. The conclusion suggests how these two positions might be related to one another.
Teaching Horse Riding: Is the Role of the Horse Recognized?
Authors: Blokhuis Mari Zetterqvist 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study investigated what methods professional trainers use in their teaching. Interviews with nine professional trainers in sports dressage were analyzed using a qualitative approach. The results showed that trainers had developed a “good eye” using their prior experiences. The trainers helped the riders solve their problems but did not make clear their observations or reasoning for specific instructions. Thus, trainers could further develop the riders’ own practical knowledge. The role of the horse was not made explicit in most cases, showing that recognition of the horse as a sentient and thinking individual is not built into the current teaching practice. Teaching methods would be improved if trainers encouraged riders to pay more attention to the perspective of the horse, to examine how to interpret and attend to the horse’s reactions, and to reflect on these issues in dialog with them.
Remarks on Mesopotamian Divine Epithets and Their Use in Incantations and Incantation-Prayers
Authors: Ceccarelli Manuel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Divine epithets are short nouns, adjectives, and participles which are in apposition to the actual name of a deity or which even replace it. Since incantations and incantation-prayers must be effective, they are enhanced by a variety of strategies. Divine epithets can be understood as strategies used to improve the effectiveness of ritual speeches. They evoke divine qualities that are relevant for a particular context and allow for a more effective interaction with the deities. Divine epithets may also refer to successful mythical deeds of the gods which provide positive analogies for the present situation and, therefore, guarantee the achievement of the supplicant’s request.
Thinking with Clay: Procreation and the Ceramic Paradigm in Israelite Religion
Authors: Sonia Kerry M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The cross-cultural connection between ceramic production and the creation of humans in the ancient Near East offers a new lens through which to examine biblical discourse about procreation and subject formation. The physical properties of clay make it an effective discursive tool in ancient Near Eastern texts, including the Hebrew Bible, for conceptualizing the processes that form and shape the human. Adopting a materialist approach, this article argues that biblical writers are not simply thinking about clay in relation to procreation and subject formation, but are thinking with it – that the raw materials, technologies, and objects of ceramic production helped to generate the ideologies and ritual processes that shape the human from gestation to birth and into early childhood. Material culture from ancient Israel supports this assessment. The manufacture of Judean Pillar Figurines out of clay and their apparent association with childbirth and the nurture of young children further suggest the prevalence of the ceramic paradigm in ancient religious ideology and ritual.