bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatal suicidal injury of a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Simon Gábor , Heckmann Veronika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 59‐year‐old man was found dead in his living room. His body was covered with blood, but the only injury found was a 31‐mm‐long, transverse incision on the radial surface of the left forearm. Autopsy revealed that the injured vessel was an enlarged cephalic vein from a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RC‐AVF) that had been created 23 years before for hemodialysis. Cephalic vein injury is usually not fatal, but circumstantial evidence, autopsy, and histological findings suggested that hemorrhagic shock and death occurred within a short time after the self‐inflicted incised wound. This may be explained by the blood flow rate in the RC‐AVF, which can reach 12 ml/s; this is 25 times higher than the normal cephalic vein blood flow.
Forensic examination and application of areca nuts as material evidence
Authors: Yan Weitao , Yu Yang , Wang Yuxin , Yang Shu , Li Xi , Lu Shuang , Zha Lagabaiyila , Cai Jifeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to explore the possibility of DNA analysis of areca nut as material evidence and the value of short tandem repeat (STR) typing of areca nut as material evidence under the condition of simulating external environment. In this study, water soaking, soil burial, sun exposure, and wet environment were used to treat areca nut residues. Chelex 100 was used to extract DNA, the PowerPlex21 kit to amplify, and the ABI PRISM®310 Genetic Analyzer to analyze the DNA of areca nut residues. DNA and STR typing were performed to analyze the residue after chewing. The results showed that the number of residual sites decreased with time under the conditions of water soaking, soil burial, sun exposure, and wet environment. Thus, areca nut can be used as forensic material evidence for DNA analysis and individual identification.
Evaluation of wound healing in patients with hip prosthesis according to nursing outcome classification
Authors: Seyhan Ak Ezgi , Kilinc Akman Esra , Gencbas Dercan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to perform Turkish adaptation and validation of NOC (1102) Wound Healing: Primary Intent and examine wound healing in patients with hip prosthesis diagnosed with impaired tissue integrity.MethodThe study was carried out in methodological and descriptive design, and the sample of the study consisted of 55 patients. Introductory Characteristics Form and Wound Healing: Primary Intention NOC Form were used for data collection. Ethical consent was obtained before initiating the study.FindingsIn the study, content validity index value of the NOC scale was calculated was 95.71%. Looking at NOC scale indicators for postoperative day 1, 2, and 7 and the distribution of the total mean scores, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores over time (p = 0.000). It was found that patients with chronic disease had lower NOC scale scores and wound healing was slower on the postoperative first day compared to the patients with no chronic diseases (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAs a result of the study, it was concluded that the Turkish version of the Wound Healing: Primary Intention NOC (1102) scale was a valid tool for evaluating the location of the wound in patients with hip prosthesis, the presence of chronic diseases affected wound healing, and mean scores obtained by the patients in NOC scale increased over time with a good progress in terms of wound healing.Implications of Nursing PracticeWith the use of Wound Healing: Primary Intention NOC (1102) scale, a common language will be formed in the evaluation of the wound site of patients undergoing hip prosthesis.
Sunflower fruit hullability and structure as affected by genotype, environment and canopy shading
Authors: Lindström Lilia Ivone , Franchini María Clara , Nolasco Susana María 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRemoval of the hull (pericarp) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) reduces fibre and increases protein in seed meals. Thus, high hullability (H), the ease with which the pericarp is mechanically separated from the seed (kernel) is desirable. This study assessed how different hybrids, field environments and canopy shading modified fruit H, and how that was related to morphology, anatomical structure and chemical composition of pericarps in three high oil‐producing hybrids that share a common female parent (Monsanto®, Argentina): Contiflor 9 (Zeneca S.A.), Dekalb Dekasol (DK) 3900 and DK4030. DK4030 had higher H than Contiflor 9 and DK3900. This was mainly associated with a lower frequency of parenchyma radii, which was stable across environments (locality‐year) and among shading treatments. This showed that parenchyma radii were genetically determined and promising for breeding. Fruit volume was positively correlated with H only when the fruits had similar densities and the pericarps with comparable anatomical structures. Preanthesis shading reduced fruit volume, increased slightly the number of sclerified layers and cell wall thickness of the pericarp, but did not affect H. Postanthesis shading reduced the thickness and the amount of material deposited in the cell walls of the pericarp and, consequently, fruit H. In the shading experiments, H was positively correlated with fruit hull content and the number of sclerified cell layer and the thickness of the cell walls of the pericarp. The wide range of fruit variables analysed in the present study identified critical fruit traits that determine differences in fruit H in high oil‐producing hybrids, and how they are modified by the growing environment.
Deportees in Transit Between Ecuador and the US: A Historical and Ethnographic Approach to Migrant Disobedience and its Spatial Impacts
Authors: Álvarez Velasco Soledad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBy focusing on the Ecuador−US postcolonial and transnational space and reconstructing trajectories of Ecuadoreans who migrated to the US, were deported and recommenced their undocumented transits to that same destination, this article analyses the migrant disobedience and its spatial impacts. The article proves how deportees in transits are not docile figures: their unruly mobilities re‐actualise historical disobedience against insurmountable colonial legacy that has produced indigenous people as second‐class racialised citizens confined to super‐exploitation and hyper‐precarity. Their migrant disobedience is thus twofold: against that historical legacy and current border regime. It also proves that the Ecuador−US postcolonial and transnational space configuration is incomprehensible without considering the US policy of interventionism across the Americas, including Ecuador, and the unequal geo‐political and geo‐economic relations between the two countries. Deportees’ unruly mobilities unsettle premises of territorial membership based upon nationalist premises while transforming Ecuador into a place of transit disputed by the country’s nationals.
Shared burden is always lighter – Peer‐review performance in an ophthalmological journal 2010–2020
Authors: Bro Tomas , Hammarfelt Björn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThere are concerns in the academic publishing community that it is becoming more difficult to secure reviews for scientific manuscripts. This study examines trends in editorial and peer review processes in an ophthalmological journal over the last decade.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed of editorial data from the journal Acta Ophthalmologica containing all manuscript submissions between 2010 and 2020.ResultsThe number of yearly submissions grew between 2010 and 2019 from 1014 to 1623, and in 2020, the number of submissions increased to 2449. In total, the number of submissions increased by 142% between 2010 and 2020. Similarly, the proportion of desk‐rejected manuscripts increased from 48% to 67% during the period 2010–2020. The number of invitations needed to obtain one review showed an increase from 1.9 to 2.6 between 2010 and 2019, but remained stable between 2019 and 2020. However, the number of reviewers per reviewed manuscript, reviewed manuscripts per reviewer and time from invitation to completed review assignment remained almost constant between 2010 and 2020. Researchers based in North American were disproportionally often invited to review (18%) compared to their share of published articles (7%), and they also declined review invitation more frequently compared to scholars in other parts of the world.ConclusionsThe study revealed an increase in submitted manuscripts to an ophthalmological journal over the last decade, with a further increase during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The number of reviewer invitations needed to obtain one review grew during the study period but remained constant between 2019 and 2020, despite a vast increase in submitted manuscripts. Hence, the burden for unique reviewers did not increase. Instead, the proportion of desk‐rejected manuscripts grew, and the reviewer pool expanded, which allowed the annual average number of reviews by individual reviewers to remain stable.
Connectedness and well‐being in simulated nature
Authors: Pasca Laura , Carrus Giuseppe , Loureiro Ana , Navarro Óscar , Panno Angelo , Tapia Follen César , Aragonés Juan Ignacio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeople relate to nature physically, cognitively and emotionally, and this relationship fosters their well‐being. There are several types of environments that vary according to their degree of naturalness, raising the question of whether they each exert different effects on people, connectedness and well‐being. In order to study the extent to which environmental connectedness and well‐being are a function of viewing different types of nature, we conducted a study with 454 participants from five different countries, who viewed images on a computer screen of one of three types of environment (totally natural, quasi‐natural or non‐natural) and responded to a series of associated items. The results of a mediation analysis showed an indirect effect of type of environment on well‐being through positive and negative affect and connectedness to nature. The corresponding ANOVAs revealed differences in the connectedness and well‐being elicited by different types of environment, and in preference: totally natural and quasi‐natural environments (with no differences between them) showed differences with non‐natural environments. Therefore, our study results suggest the usefulness of images of natural environments in fostering people's well‐being and connectedness to nature.
Trade in tasks: Revisiting the wage and employment effects of offshoring
Authors: Kohler Wilhelm , Wrona Jens 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe examine conditions under which offshoring of labour tasks raises domestic wages and employment. Existing literature emphasizes that absorption of job displacement through intersectoral reallocation of factors is a key requirement for this outcome, mostly assuming full employment. We develop a model featuring a less benign environment that rules out such reallocation and allows for equilibrium unemployment due to costly search and matching. Assuming offshoring of both high‐skilled and low‐skilled labour tasks, we derive conditions under which offshoring benefits all workers in terms of both, wages and employment.
Conceptual Knowledge, Procedural Knowledge, and Metacognition in Routine and Nonroutine Problem Solving
Authors: Braithwaite David W. , Sprague Lauren 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen, how, and why students use conceptual knowledge during math problem solving is not well understood. We propose that when solving routine problems, students are more likely to recruit conceptual knowledge if their procedural knowledge is weak than if it is strong, and that in this context, metacognitive processes, specifically feelings of doubt, mediate interactions between procedural and conceptual knowledge. To test these hypotheses, in two studies (Ns = 64 and 138), university students solved fraction and decimal arithmetic problems while thinking aloud; verbal protocols and written work were coded for overt uses of conceptual knowledge and displays of doubt. Consistent with the hypotheses, use of conceptual knowledge during calculation was not significantly positively associated with accuracy, but was positively associated with displays of doubt, which were negatively associated with accuracy. In Study 1, participants also explained solutions to rational arithmetic problems; using conceptual knowledge in this context was positively correlated with calculation accuracy, but only among participants who did not use conceptual knowledge during calculation, suggesting that the correlation did not reflect “online” effects of using conceptual knowledge. In Study 2, participants also completed a nonroutine problem‐solving task; displays of doubt on this task were positively associated with accuracy, suggesting that metacognitive processes play different roles when solving routine and nonroutine problems. We discuss implications of the results regarding interactions between procedural knowledge, conceptual knowledge, and metacognitive processes in math problem solving.
Chronic mesenteric ischaemia: the importance of the individual mesenteric artery
Authors: Høyer Christian , Christensen Mette Høgh , Sandermann Jes , Leusink Robert , Abrahamsen Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic mesenteric ischaemia (CMI) is a vastly underdiagnosed condition that typically leads to postprandial abdominal pain and weight loss. The aim of the study was to explore the involvement of various mesenteric vessels in total splanchnic blood flow (SBF) and hepatic vein oxygenation.MethodsSingle‐blinded comparative trial of 476 patients clinically suspected of CMI. Routine investigation included measurement of hepatic vein oxygen saturation, indirect measurement of the total splanchnic blood flow (SBF), using Fick's principle and the tracer [99mTc]Mebrofenin, before and after a meal, and digital subtraction angiography.ResultsA total of 176 of the 476 patients (36%) had at least one angiographically significant stenosis (lumen reduction ≥70%). In patients with a significant one‐vessel disease, the percentage having CMI according to SBF was 10% for a celiac trunk stenosis (n = 60), 50% for a superior mesenteric stenosis (n = 24) and 6% for an inferior mesenteric artery stenosis (n = 34). In patients with a significant two‐vessel disease, the percentage with CMI according to SBF response was 92%, 18% and 79%, for no significant stenosis of the celiac trunk (n = 13), superior mesenteric artery (n = 17) and inferior mesenteric artery (n = 19), respectively.ConclusionPatients with significant one‐ or two‐vessel stenosis involving the superior mesenteric artery have a higher likelihood of CMI according to flow criteria and a greater postprandial decrease in hepatic vein saturation on average than patients with no involvement of the superior mesenteric artery.
Sessile serrated lesions in patients with adenoma on index colonoscopy do not increase metachronous advanced adenoma risk
Authors: Hong Seung Wook , Kim Jeongseok , Lee Ji Young , Lee Jong‐Soo , Chang Hye‐Sook , Park Hye Won , Kim Gwang‐Un , Yoon Jiyoung , Ye Byong Duk , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Choe Jaewon , Yang Dong‐Hoon 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesPost‐polypectomy surveillance intervals should be determined based on index colonoscopy findings. However, the risk of metachronous lesions, resulting from the coexistence of adenoma and sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), has rarely been addressed. We evaluated the impact of synchronous SSL on the risk of metachronous lesions within similar adenoma risk groups.MethodsWe retrieved individuals with one or more adenomas on index colonoscopy in a single‐center retrospective cohort and stratified them into four groups depending on the presence of SSL and low‐risk/high‐risk adenoma (LRA/HRA). Participants who underwent surveillance colonoscopies at least 12 months apart were included. We compared the risks of metachronous lesions including HRA, advanced adenoma (AA), or SSL within similar adenoma risk groups according to the presence of SSL.ResultsOverall 4493 individuals were included in the analysis. The risk of metachronous HRA/AA was not significantly higher in the adenoma with SSL group compared with the adenoma without SSL group, irrespective of LRA (HRA, 6/86 vs. 231/3297, P = 1.00; AA, 0/86 vs. 52/3297, P = 0.64) or HRA (HRA, 11/64 vs. 240/1046, P = 0.36; AA, 3/64 vs. 51/1046, P = 1.00). However, the risk of metachronous SSL in individuals with synchronous SSL was higher than that in those without SSL for both LRA (15/86 vs. 161/3297, P < 0.001) and HRA groups (11/64 vs. 61/1046, P = 0.002).ConclusionThe presence of synchronous SSL did not increase the risk of metachronous HRA/AA, compared with isolated adenoma, but increased the risk of metachronous SSL.
Home equity lending, credit constraints and small business in the US
Authors: Lastrapes William D. , Schmutte Ian , Watson Thor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe use Texas's constitutional amendment in 1997 that expanded the scope of home equity loans as a source of exogenous variation to estimate the effects of relaxing credit constraints on small businesses. We find, using standard panel data methods and restricted‐use microdata from the US Census Bureau, that the Texas amendment increased the use of home equity finance by small businesses, increased new business and job creation and reduced firm exit and job loss. The effects are larger and significant for businesses with fewer than 10 employees.
Functional cognitive and language outcomes after cerebral hemispherectomy for hemimegalencephaly
Authors: Puka Klajdi , Jones Monika , Mathern Gary W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveHemispheric surgeries are an effective treatment option to control seizures for children with hemimegalencephaly (HME); however, not enough is known about their cognitive outcomes. This study aimed to delineate the cognitive and language outcomes after hemispherectomy for HME and identify the clinical characteristics associated with cognition and language.MethodsData came from the Global Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Registry, a patient‐driven web‐based registry for epilepsy surgery. We focused on children's functional status, assessed through parent‐reports of cognitive and language skills. Parents also reported on their satisfaction with surgery, their child's quality of life, and various demographic, clinical, and surgery characteristics.ResultsParents of 45 children (40% female) participated. Children were aged 2.6 (SD 6.5) months at seizure onset, 10.8 (SD 12.7) months at hemispherectomy, and 8.7 (SD 4.8) years at follow‐up, at which point 68% were seizure‐free. We found that at follow‐up, 43% had average or mildly impaired cognition, 26% could speak age appropriately, and 21% had satisfactory reading skills. A total of 55%, 43%, and 17% of children first babbled, spoke their first words, and started speaking in sentences at an age‐appropriate period, respectively. Children who had undergone a right hemisphere resection and those who were older at epilepsy onset were more likely to have better cognitive and language outcomes.SignificanceChildren with HME have delayed language milestones and continue to require significant language and literacy support long‐term after cerebral hemispherectomy.
Creep fracture parameter C* solutions for semi‐elliptical surface cracks in plates under tensile and bending loads
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Guozhen , Tu Shantung , Xuan Fuzhen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to predict and assess creep life for plate structures with semi‐elliptic surface cracks under high temperature condition, the accurate calculation of the creep fracture mechanics parameter C* is a critical step. In this paper, the effects of crack sizes, plate geometries, and material creep properties on the parameter C* have been investigated under tensile and bending loads by extensive finite element analyses. Based on the results, the creep influence functions Hc for calculating C* values were obtained and fitted into equations for surface cracks in plates under both loads. The equations have been verified by finite element calculations. The C* solutions were obtained through these equations which are suitable for wide ranges of crack sizes, plate geometries, and materials.
Population‐level effects of parasitism on a freshwater ecosystem engineer, the unionid mussel Anodonta anatina
Authors: Brian Joshua I. , Dunne Sebastian E. , Ellis Christine L. , Aldridge David C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Parasites can negatively affect hosts at individual, population, and species‐level scales. However, the link between individual‐ and population‐level impacts is often poorly understood. In particular, the population‐level response to parasitism may alter wider ecosystem dynamics if animals with ecosystem engineering capabilities are infected.

Here, we examine the effects of parasitism on a freshwater ecosystem engineer, the unionid mussel Anodonta anatina, at two different sites. We study three common parasites: the digenean trematode Rhipidocotyle campanula; the unionicolid mite Unionicola intermedia; and the ectoparasitic invasive zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. As well as demonstrating the individual‐level effects of parasitism on the native host mussel, we construct a simple model to estimate the reduction in population‐level reproductive output caused by parasites.

We show that both infection prevalence and intensity were population‐specific, with one site having more than three times as many native mussels infected by trematodes and mites than the other, but more than four times fewer mussels afflicted by invasive zebra mussels. Negative reproductive consequences for individual host mussels were documented as a result of parasitism, with trematodes causing castration at both sites. Mites were also correlated with a reduction in the viability of larval offspring (glochidia) by more than 25%, but only at one site, suggesting some potential impacts of parasitism may be population specific. The population‐level model shows that parasitism alone reduces larval output of the two populations by 10% and 13%, respectively.

Our study takes the important step of scaling individual‐level effects of parasitism to population‐level processes, and highlights the influence that parasites may have in the population dynamics of unionid mussels. Given the ecosystem engineering capabilities of A. anatina, such effects may have important impacts on the wider biota.

Even at relatively low prevalences, the observed effects of parasites on native mussel populations suggests that parasitism must be considered in the conservation of freshwater mussels, one of the world's most globally imperilled faunal groups. Further, understanding how the effects of parasitism on individual hosts scales to the ecosystem level is a crucial and unaddressed question in freshwater biology.