bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forschungsarbeiten am Institut für Verfahrenstechnik der Otto‐von‐Guericke‐Universität Magdeburg
Authors: Reichl Udo , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas , Sundmacher Kai , Tsotsas Evangelos , van Wachem Berend 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeit der Gründung der Otto‐von‐Guericke‐Universität Magdeburg (OVGU) wurde der Forschungsbereich Verfahrenstechnik dort stetig ausgebaut. Heute umfasst die Fakultät für Verfahrens‐ und Systemtechnik der OVGU die vier Institute Verfahrenstechnik, Chemie, Strömungstechnik und Thermodynamik sowie Apparate‐ und Umwelttechnik. In diesem Beitrag stellen die fünf Lehrstühle des Instituts für Verfahrenstechnik (Bioprozesstechnik, Chemische Verfahrenstechnik, Systemverfahrenstechnik, Thermische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik) ihre Forschungsaktivitäten anhand ausgewählter Projekte vor.
Lüftungsanlagen optimieren
Authors: Staffa Christoph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDie Corona Pandemie ausgelöst durch SARS‐CoV‐2 sorgt für verstärkte Diskussionen Über Innenraumlufthygiene in Deutschland. Ein Baustein dabei ist die Ausstattung von Lüftungsanlagen oder Raumlufttechnischen (RLT) Anlagen. Diese leisten einen wichtigen Bei
Dynamische Membranfiltration
Authors: Hoffner Udo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDie Filtration von feinstkörnigen Füllstoffen und Pigmenten erfordert ein leistungsstarkes und gleichzeitig produktschonendes Trennverfahren. Das Bokela BoCross Dynamic Filter bietet für solche herausfordernde Anwendungen zuverlässige Lösungen.
Kleiner, einfacher, besser
Authors: Jung Stefan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDurch das ATEX‐konforme Anlagenkonzept Condux Compact wird die Installation einer leistungsfähigen Mahlanlage für zahlreiche Produkte nun deutlich einfacher, denn Explosionsschutzventile oder Explosions‐Unterdrückungseinrichtungen, Explosions‐Entkoppelung
Diabetes and atrial fibrillation in hospitalized patients in the United States
Authors: Kumar Nilay , Echouffo‐Tcheugui Justin B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundData on the burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with diabetes among hospitalized patients are scarce. We assessed the AF‐related hospitalizations trends in patients with diabetes, and compared AF outcomes in patients with diabetes to those without diabetes.HypothesisAF‐related health outcomes differ between patient with diabetes and without diabetes.MethodsUsing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2004–2014, we studied trends in AF hospitalization rate among diabetic patients, and compared in‐hospital case fatality rate, length of stay (LOS), cost and utilization of rhythm control therapies, and 30‐day readmission rate between patients with and without diabetes. Logistic or Cox regression models were used to assess the differences in AF outcomes by diabetes status.ResultsOver the study period, there were 4 325 522 AF‐related hospitalizations, of which 1 075 770 (24.9%) had a diagnosis of diabetes. There was a temporal increase in AF hospitalization rate among diabetic patients (10.4 to 14.4 per 1000 hospitalizations among patients with diabetes; +4.4% yearly change, p‐trend < .0001). Among AF patients, those with diabetes had a lower in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.65–0.72) and LOS (aOR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94–0.96), but no difference in costs (aOR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94–0.96) and a higher 30‐day rate of readmissions compared with no diabetes (aHR 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01–1.08), compared to individuals without diabetes.ConclusionAF and diabetes coexist among hospitalized patients, with rising trends over the last decade. Diabetes is associated with lower rates in‐hospital adverse AF outcomes, but a higher 30‐day readmission risk.
Diagnostic value of a comprehensive, urothelial carcinoma–specific next‐generation sequencing panel in urine cytology and bladder tumor specimens
Authors: Sun Tong , Hutchinson Lloyd , Tomaszewicz Keith , Caporelli Mandi‐Lee , Meng Xiuling , McCauley Kathleen , Fischer Andrew H. , Cosar Ediz F. , Cornejo Kristine M. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundUrine cytology can reliably diagnose high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) but not low‐grade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC), and a more sensitive test is needed. Previously, a pilot study highlighted the possible diagnostic utility of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) in identifying both LGUC and HGUC in urine cytology specimens.MethodsTwenty‐eight urine ThinPrep cytology specimens and preceding or subsequent bladder tumor biopsy/resection specimens obtained within 3 months were included in the study (LGUC, n = 15; HGUC, n = 13). A customized, bladder‐specific NGS panel was performed; it covered 69 frequently mutated or altered genes in urothelial carcinoma (UC) that were reported by The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer.ResultsThe sequencing results were compared between the urine cytology specimens and the corresponding bladder tumor biopsies/resections. TP53 was the most frequently identified mutation in HGUC cases (11 of 13 [85%]). PIK3CA and KDM6A were the most frequently identified mutations in LGUC: they occurred in 7 of 15 cases (47%) and in 6 of 15 cases (40%), respectively. Additional frequent mutations identified in the panel included ARID1A (n = 5), EP300 (n = 4), LRP1B (n = 3), ERBB2 (n = 2), STAG2 (n = 2), FGFR3 (n = 3), MLL (n = 2), MLL3 (n = 2), CREBBP1 (n = 1), RB1 (n = 1), and FAT4 (n = 1). Overall, the concordance between the cytology and surgical specimens was 75%. The sensitivity and specificity for identifying mutations in urine cytology specimens were 84% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsA bladder‐specific NGS panel increases the sensitivity and specificity of urine cytology's diagnostic utility in both low‐ and high‐grade tumors and may serve as a noninvasive surveillance method in the follow‐up of patients with UC harboring known mutations.
Native Isolation of 3×HA‐Tagged Protein Complexes to Characterize Protein‐Protein Interactions
Authors: Lim JiaWen , Iftner Thomas , Simon Claudia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCo‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) is a straightforward method that is widely used in studying direct protein‐protein interactions in physiological environments. This technique is based on the antigen‐antibody interaction: the protein of interest (bait) is captured by a specific antibody, followed by antibody‐bait precipitation. The proteins interacting with the bait protein (prey) co‐precipitate with the antibody‐bait complex from a cell lysate as an antibody‐bait/prey complex. Nowadays, a variety of surface‐functionalized materials with antibodies immobilized on agarose or magnetic beads are available, replacing the precipitation of antibodies and simplifying the application. However, unspecific binding of cellular proteins to matrix surfaces and/or antibodies has become a common issue. Unspecific binding that leads to false‐positive signals and a high background can hamper further analysis. Our protocol describes a strategy to tremendously reduce unspecific background when isolating native proteins and protein complexes. Instead of eluting our samples under denaturing conditions, we elute triple hemagglutinin (3×HA)‐tagged bait/prey complexes in their native form with a competitive peptide simulating the 3×HA tag of the bait protein. Matrix‐unspecific interacting proteins and Co‐IP antibodies remain on the matrix instead of being eluted under conventionally applied denaturing conditions. We optimized the elution by altering incubation time, eluent concentration, and temperature. These improvements result in more pure proteins. This strategy not only reduces background in SDS‐PAGE and western blot but also allows complex characterization in vitro. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 19 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.
Photoluminescence Mechanism in Heavily Si‐Doped GaAsN
Authors: Tsukasaki Takashi , Hiyoshi Ren , Fujita Miki , Makimoto Toshiki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe photoluminescence (PL) mechanism is discussed for heavily Si‐doped GaAsN, and the evaluation method of electron effective mass (me*) is proposed using its PL peak energy. PL peak energy monotonically decreases as increasing temperature, so the S‐shape characteristic is vanished for this heavily Si‐doped GaAsN as opposed to moderately Si‐doped GaAsN. This result shows that the dominant PL process is an optical transition from the Fermi energy to the top of valence band independent of temperature for this heavily Si‐doped GaAsN, as with degenerate n‐type GaAs. Because PL peak energy is expressed by the sum of bandgap energy, the increased energy of the Burstein–Moss effect, and the decreased energy of the bandgap narrowing, me* is calculated to be 0.098 m0 for this heavily Si‐doped GaAsN with nitrogen composition of 0.6%, where m0 is the electron mass. This result agrees well with previous studies, meaning that the method for estimation of me is effective for dilute GaAsN.
Prediction of Particle Number Density in Suspension by Measuring the Sizes of Bubbles Generated During Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Asakuma Yusuke , Shibatani Atsuya , Kan Haruka , Saptoro Agus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPast studies report that nucleation promotion is induced by quick heating of microwave in nanoparticle synthesis. However, how the nucleation promotion quantitatively affects particle number density is still unclear. In this study, the number density is predicted using bubble size profiles measured under microwave irradiation. This idea is based on a finding that the maximum bubble size during the irradiation is closely related to the particle number density due to homogeneous distribution of microwave absorbance energy to the particles. The results indicate that when solute concentration or anti‐solvent concentration is higher, the particle number density also increases due to the nucleation promotion caused by microwave quick heating. This new approach can be expected as an innovative and rapid method for quantitative estimation of particle number density in microwave‐assisted nanoparticle manufacture.
Modulation on Radiative Recombination Rate of CdS Nanobelts by Selective Rare Earth Ions
Authors: Ji Xu , Cheng Shuang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRare earth ions Er3+, La3+, and Y3+ have been introduced into the lattice of CdS nanobelts (NBs) to modulate its radiative recombination rate (RRR) during photoluminescence (PL) process. It is found that these ions have different quenching effects on the RRRs of direct interband transition and defect related transition. Only the former is greatly reduced through Er3+ doping, however, both of them are suppressed to a certain extent by La3+ and Y3+ doping. It is valuable that specific solid color luminescence can be realized through well‐chosen rare earth ions.
Dissecting the role of TP53 alterations in del(11q) chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Quijada‐Álamo Miguel , Pérez‐Carretero Claudia , Hernández‐Sánchez María , Rodríguez‐Vicente Ana‐Eugenia , Herrero Ana‐Belén , Hernández‐Sánchez Jesús‐María , Martín‐Izquierdo Marta , Santos‐Mínguez Sandra , del Rey Mónica , González Teresa , Rubio‐Martínez Araceli , García de Coca Alfonso , Dávila‐Valls Julio , Hernández‐Rivas José‐Ángel , Parker Helen , Strefford Jonathan C. , Benito Rocío , Ordóñez José‐Luis , Hernández‐Rivas Jesús‐María 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral genetic alterations have been identified as driver events in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) pathogenesis and oncogenic evolution. Concurrent driver alterations usually coexist within the same tumoral clone, but how the cooperation of multiple genomic abnormalities contributes to disease progression remains poorly understood. Specifically, the biological and clinical consequences of concurrent high‐risk alterations such as del(11q)/ATM‐mutations and del(17p)/TP53‐mutations have not been established.MethodsWe integrated next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 techniques to characterize the in vitro and in vivo effects of concurrent monoallelic or biallelic ATM and/or TP53 alterations in CLL prognosis, clonal evolution, and therapy response.ResultsTargeted sequencing analysis of the co‐occurrence of high‐risk alterations in 271 CLLs revealed that biallelic inactivation of both ATM and TP53 was mutually exclusive, whereas monoallelic del(11q) and TP53 alterations significantly co‐occurred in a subset of CLL patients with a highly adverse clinical outcome. We determined the biological effects of combined del(11q), ATM and/or TP53 mutations in CRISPR/Cas9‐edited CLL cell lines. Our results showed that the combination of monoallelic del(11q) and TP53 mutations in CLL cells led to a clonal advantage in vitro and in in vivo clonal competition experiments, whereas CLL cells harboring biallelic ATM and TP53 loss failed to compete in in vivo xenotransplants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CLL cell lines harboring del(11q) and TP53 mutations show only partial responses to B cell receptor signaling inhibitors, but may potentially benefit from ATR inhibition.ConclusionsOur work highlights that combined monoallelic del(11q) and TP53 alterations coordinately contribute to clonal advantage and shorter overall survival in CLL.
IACO‐ERP: An improved ACO‐based energy‐efficient routing protocol for fog‐based WSNs
Authors: Moussa Noureddine , Hamidi‐Alaoui Zakaria , El Belrhiti El Alaoui Abdelbaki 
Published: February 2021

SummaryWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) present numerous constraints, which motivate many researchers and which reside mainly in the fact that their resources are limited in terms of communication, calculations, and energy. In particular, the stress linked to energy is considered as a fundamental problem. Indeed, all the sensor elements need energy to function. Thus, controlling the energy consumption of a node remains a major problem for maximizing the lifetime of the network. The clustering and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms have been seen as a good solution to route data while maintaining a better network lifetime. However, the existing state‐of‐the‐art cluster and ACO‐based routing protocols perform re‐clustering and fail to restrict the ant searching scope. This consumes a high amount of energy and makes the convergence speed slow. For these reasons, this paper presents an Improved ACO‐based Energy‐efficient Routing Protocol (IACO‐ERP) to mitigate the hot spot problem by proposing a multiple Fog Nodes (FNs)‐based energy‐efficient network model. IACO‐ERP avoids re‐clustering and rotates the Cluster Head (CH) role based on energy among cluster members without any need for control overhead, and also, it proposes to limit the scope of ant searching for optimal route toward the sink based on some specific parameters such as energy and distance, thus avoiding routing loop, slow convergence speed, and excessive energy consumption. The proposed routing protocol is evaluated against some recent and relevant existing solutions. The simulations results reveal that IACO‐ERP provides significant improvement in comparison to its counterparts in terms of various main metrics.
Ancient DNA preserved in small bone fragments from the P.W. Lund collection
Authors: Seersholm Frederik V. , Hansen Kasper Lykke , Heydenrych Matthew , Hansen Anders J. , Bunce Michael , Allentoft Morten E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Lund collection is one of the oldest subfossil collections in the world. The vast assemblage of subfossils was collected in the 1830s and 1840s by Peter Wilhelm Lund in Lagoa Santa, Brazil, and was shipped to Copenhagen in 1848, where it was stored in various locations around the city with little attention for the future preservation of the collection. So far, successful genetic research on the material collected by Lund has been limited to two samples of human petrous bone. However, less is known about the preservation conditions of the vast amounts of small and fragmentary bones stored in the collection. To address this, we studied ancient DNA from bulk bone samples of approximately 100 bone fragments from the P.W. Lund collection from boxes with varying degrees of physical preservation conditions. Using bulk bone metabarcoding, we found a high species diversity in all samples. In total, we identified 17 species, representing 11 mammals, two birds, one fish, and three frogs. Of these, two species are new to the collection. Collectively, these results exhibit the potential of future genetic studies on the famous P.W. Lund collection and suggest that the effects of poor storage conditions are probably negligible compared with the long‐term in situ degradation that specimens undergo before excavation.
Fatty acid stable isotopes add clarity, but also complexity, to tracing energy pathways in aquatic food webs
Authors: Chiapella Ariana M. , Kainz Martin J. , Strecker Angela L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTracing the flow of dietary energy sources, especially in systems with a high degree of omnivory, is an ongoing challenge in ecology. In aquatic systems, one of the persistent challenges is in differentiating between autochthonous and allochthonous energy sources to top consumers. Bulk carbon stable isotope values of aquatic and terrestrial prey often overlap, making it difficult to delineate dietary energy pathways in food webs with high allochthonous prey subsidies, such as in many northern temperate waterbodies. We conducted a feeding experiment to explore how fatty acid stable isotopes may overcome the challenge of partitioning autochthonous and allochthonous energy pathways in aquatic consumers. We fed hatchery‐reared Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) diets of either benthic invertebrates, terrestrial earthworms, or a mixture of both. We then compared how the stable carbon isotopes of fatty acids (δ13CFA) distinguished between diet items and respective treatments in S. alpinus liver and muscle tissues, relative to bulk stable isotopes and fatty acid profiles. Although a high degree of variability of fatty acid stable carbon isotope values was present in all three measures, our results suggest that the ability of this method to overcome the challenges of bulk stable isotopes may be overstated. Finally, our study highlights the importance of further experimental investigation, and consideration of physiological and biochemical processes when employing this emerging method.
Carvedilol prevents impairment of the counterregulatory response in recurrently hypoglycaemic diabetic rats
Authors: Farhat Rawad , de Santana‐Van Vliet Eliane , Su Gong , Neely Levi , Benally Thea , Chan Owen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimIt has been suggested that repeated activation of the adrenergic system during antecedent episodes of hypoglycaemia contributes to the development of counterregulatory failure. We previously reported that treatment with carvedilol, a non‐specific β‐blocker, prevented the development of counterregulatory failure and improved hypoglycaemia awareness in recurrently hypoglycaemic non‐diabetic rats. The current study investigated whether carvedilol has similar benefits in diabetic rats.MethodsRecurrently hypoglycaemic streptozotocin‐diabetic rats (STZ+RH) were treated with carvedilol for one week prior to undergoing a hypoglycaemic clamp. Hypoglycaemia awareness was evaluated in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats made hypoglycaemia unaware using repeated injections of 2‐deoxyglucose.ResultsCompared to hypoglycaemia‐naïve STZ‐diabetic controls, exogenous glucose requirements were more than doubled in the STZ+RH animals and this was associated with a 49% reduction in the epinephrine response to hypoglycaemia. Treating STZ+RH animals with carvedilol improved the epinephrine response to hypoglycaemia. Of note, neither recurrent hypoglycaemia nor carvedilol treatment affected the glucagon response in diabetic animals. Additionally, carvedilol treatment improved the feeding response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia in diabetic animals made ‘hypoglycaemia unaware’ using repeated injections of 2‐deoxyglucose, suggesting the treatment improved awareness of hypoglycaemia as well.ConclusionOur data suggest that carvedilol may be useful in preventing impairments of the sympathoadrenal response and the development of hypoglycaemia unawareness during recurring episodes of hypoglycaemia in diabetic animals.
Monitoring a minuscule madtom: Environmental DNA surveillance of the endangered pygmy madtom (Noturus stanauli Etnier & Jenkins 1980) in the Duck and Clinch rivers, Tennessee
Authors: Paine Robert T. R. , Hurt Carla R. , Mattingly Hayden T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) detection has been shown to be an effective biosurveillance tool for freshwater fishes, but further research is needed to apply eDNA detection tools to small and rare fishes in large rivers. We developed an eDNA surveillance assay and protocol for monitoring the presence of the pygmy madtom (Noturus stanauli), a federally protected freshwater fish endemic to the Clinch and Duck rivers in Tennessee (United States, North America). Noturus stanauli is a diminutive fish that is exceedingly rare throughout its range; it is currently known only from a 115‐river‐km section of the Duck River and a 5‐river‐km section of the Clinch River. The aim of this research was to develop an eDNA assay to detect the presence of N. stanauli in both the Duck and Clinch rivers. We used this newly developed eDNA protocol to assess detection as a function of water depth and to further delineate the distribution of N. stanauli in both the Duck and Clinch rivers. Field sampling was performed to delineate the extent of N. stanauli's range in both rivers. Our results indicated that samples collected from three areas within the water column, as well as a sediment core samples, yielded equal detection rates. Our assay detected the presence of N. stanauli at a previously unknown site outside the current distribution in the Clinch River, located approximately 2.5‐river‐km downstream from the Tennessee‐Virginia state line. We demonstrated that eDNA detection is a promising tool for delineating the distribution of N. stanauli; however, further research is needed to assess environmental and life history variables that influence eDNA detection probability of small fish in large rivers.