bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFANT SUFFOCATION IN LONDON (1879)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

The description below of infant suffocation in London, published in the Lancet a century ago, bears a striking similarity to current epidemiologic characteristics of SIDS.
The deaths of no less than 503 infants aged less than one year were referred to suffocation within registration London during last year [1878], equal to 3.9 per 1,000 children born. In the two preceding years [1876 and 1877] the deaths of infants from this cause were 488 and 486 respectively. Previous to 1876 the causes of death among infants aged less than one year were not separately distinguished in the Registrar-General's Weekly Return. The deaths from suffocation in London, at all ages have, however, shown a considerable increase in recent years, and, as during the three years 1876-7-8 no less than 88 per cent of the deaths from this cause were of infants under one year of age, it may be assumed that the increase has mainly occurred among infants. Of the 503 deaths of infants from suffocation in London last year, 140 occurred in the first, 147 in the second, 88 in the third, and 128 in the fourth quarters of the year. These infant deaths from suffocation are almost twice as numerous in cold winter weather as in summer; for instance the fatal cases in August did not exceed 24, whereas they were 43 in December.
GOOSE . . . FEATHERS?
Authors: M. R. J. 
Published: December 2021

Renton, WA—A goose in every pot strikes Michael Hansford as quite a good idea. In his capacity as maintenance foreman at Coulon Beach Park here, Mr. Hansford has to tidy up after several hundred Canada geese that feed on the park's lakeside grasses and sleep on the water.
"Do I like `em? No!" says Mr. Hansford. "They look OK flying overhead, but try cleaning up after them once they hit the ground."
Canada's most contentious export (after hockey players) is out of hand. In the past several years, the black-billed, white-cheeked birds have been abandoning their migratory ways at a rising rate, settling down to year-round suburban life on lawns, fairways and shorelines from Seattle to Maine. The mess they make sets bird lovers against people rather more concerned about what is happening to choice metropolitan landscapes. . .
Increasingly, geese are besmirching parks, beaches, golf courses and other places people enjoy going. The daily output per goose, to two decimal places is 1.17 ounces, according to limnologist E.A. Manny, who has done a study. . .
"They're disgusting," says Billy Regan, co-captain and quarterback of the Belmont High School football team in Massachusetts. "Sometimes we have to do push-ups in their." . . .
USEFUL BOOKLETS
Authors: Centerwall Willard R. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction to Your Child series of booklets. Willard R. Centerwall, MD, medical editor. Medic Publishing Co, PO Box 89, Redmond, WA 98073, 10-24 pages, $.75 to $.95 per single copy; quantity discounts to 50%.
This series of booklets covers the following topics:
Asthma Hydrocephalus Achondroplasia Hyperkinesis-Hyperactivity Autism Learning Disability Behavior Problem Leukemia Cerebral Palsy Low Birth Weight Cleft Lip &/or Palate Mental Retardation Club Foot Muscular Dystrophy Congenital Heart Disease Nephrosis Congenital Hip Dislocation Neurofibromatosis Cystic Fibrosis Partial Sight or Blindness Diabetes Phenylketonuria Down Syndrome Speech Disorder Epilepsy Spina Bifida Hearing Impairment Strabismus Help Through Play Turner Syndrome
These inexpensive booklets inform parents about their child's possibly handicapping condition. The style tends to be easier to read and less technical than in many patient booklets. Content is, nonetheless, rather comprehensive—more so than with most material. For many of the titles, all issues appear to be addressed in detail.
The text is arranged in a question-and-answer format. It reinforces the answers already given by the physician on such topics as etiology and heredity. It adds those questions and answers which may not have been discussed, such as on education and social aspects. The parent's responsibilities in treatment are stressed, making compliance more likely. The role of the physician is also described, and the importance of follow-up visits is emphasized. There are helpful illustrations, many of which can be used to aid the doctor's communication with the family.
The most recently expanded and revised editions include Asthma, Hearing Impairment, Low Birth Weight, and Hyperkinesis (ADHD). These and all the other titles are available from one source—a distinct advantage to the practicing physician.
REVIEWS OF LAY LITERATURE ON CHILD CARE: WHAT PARENTS ARE READING
Authors: Glascoe Frances P. , Moore William R. , Henderson James , Martin Elaine D. 
Published: December 2021

Dreikurs R, Stoltz V. Children: The Challenge. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Dutton; 1987; list price $7.95 (#9 on the 1988 bestseller list of books on child care of the Ingram Book Co, distributors of trade books).
Dreikurs considers development based on the mutual regulation between parent and child. Addressing issues in discipline and behavior from infancy to early adolescence, he perceives the parents' role as model, nurturer, and instructor, although mothers are given more responsibility for child-care than fathers. Various methods are offered for resolving conflicts in a range of typical problem situations. Techniques involve active listening, use of natural consequences, limit setting, etc. From toilet training to sibling rivalry, children's motives for misbehavior are explained. The text illustrates both theory and practice in child-rearing so that the principles learned are not only corrective and instructive, but also preventive. The difficulties of parenthood, peer, media, and sibling pressures are addressed but not the needs of special children. There is some presumption that families are intact and that a homemaker is present. The book is well-organized and rated as easy to read. Fairly believable vignettes illustrate parents' and children's contributions to situations of conflict. A section at the end of the book gives parents an opportunity to practice and review newly learned skills and principles.
ALAS, POOR MELVIN
Authors: M. R. J. 
Published: December 2021

Sausalito, CA—Come dinner time aboard his yacht Adequate Award, and Melvin Belli really knows how to put on the dog. Tonight, his dining-room table is set with bone china and sterling silver, and browsing among the tableware is one hungry Italian greyhound. I know the animal is hungry because he has walked across the table and taken a bite of my bread plate. . .
There are those who would have you believe that Mr. Belli, the King of Torts, has become so eccentric that more than dinner is becoming chaotic. . .
Since summer, the 81-year-old lawyer has been barred by court order from his 25-room San Francisco mansion. His wife got the order after filing a petition for legal separation. She complained at the time to reporters and police that Mr. Belli physically and verbally abused her and their teenage daughter. Even more bizarre, she claims that he falsely accused her of having sex with a number of family friends, including celebrities of both sexes. . .
Another shot fired across the bow: In a lawsuit pending in Tax Court, the Internal Revenue Service contends that Mr. Belli, in effect, back-dated documents to avoid paying gift taxes in a transaction involving his San Francisco law-office building. . .
His firm, Law Offices of Melvin Belli, Sr., is on trial, too, these days. Three years ago, Mr. Belli lost a malpractice case resulting in a $3.8 million judgement against him. Since then, six more malpractice suits have been filed against him in San Francisco Superior Court. . .
OGDEN CODMAN ON NURSERIES
Authors: McNamara John J. 
Published: December 2021

Ogden Codman, Jr. (1863-1951), America's first significant interior designer is the subject of a retrospective at the Boston Athenaeum in 1989. The last chapter of his book, The Decoration of Houses, is devoted to schoolrooms and nurseries. Codman's decorating sense was classic and in the grand manner, however nurseries were to be functionally simple but stimulating. The child's environment conditions asthetic growth.
"The esthetic sensibilities wake early in some children." However, "parents of such children often think that no special care need be spent on their surroundings, a curious misconception. "If art is really a factor in civilization it seems obvious that the feeling for beauty needs as careful cultivation as the other civic virtues." "Children are not reached by abstract ideas." "The child's mind must be prepared by daily lessons in beauty." "To sum up then . . . the child's visible surroundings form the basis of the best . . . cultivation: . . . the development of any artistic taste . . . indirectly broadens the whole view of life."
Would that it were so! According to the Select Panel for the Promotion of Child Health, United States Children live under the following circumstances. 0.9% in homes without piped in water, 21.8% water not obtained from a system, 34% not connected to a public sewer. 11.2% in run down housing, 8.2% in abandoned structures, 12.8% with leaky basements, 7.5% with leaky rooves, 7.3% with cracks in the walls and ceilings, 5.1% with peeling paint and plaster, 2.8% with holes in the floors.
HEALTH HAZARDS OF EXCESSIVE STUDY IN THE BOSTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS (1854)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

During the mid-nineteenth century American physicians were greatly troubled by what they thought were the evils of excessive academic demands placed on children in our public schools. The editorial below, published in 1854 in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, is typical of many of a similar nature.
Our city prides itself on the superiority of its public schools; and we think Boston is justly entitled to take the highest rank among the cities of the civilized world for the facilities afforded by its citizens for the education of youth. But notwithstanding the large expenditure of money for the erection of beautiful and commodious school-houses, for mathematical and other instruments, for teachers, &c., all which give a character to our Boston schools, there exists an evil in the present system of educating, which seriously demands attention, and, if possible, a remedy. It is the ambition of the teachers of our schools, to have their scholars thoroughly instructed, and that they may appear well before the committees at examinations; and for that purpose, lessons in great numbers and requiring toilsome study, are imposed upon them. No discrimination is made, as regards the mental or physical capacity of the individual members of the class, but all are required to be perfect in their answers, or else they lose their position in the class and school. Not one fifth of the time devoted to school hours is allowed for study, being occupied in recitations; and the severe tasks the poor children have in getting their lessons must be apparent, when it is known that so long a time is required in reciting them. The scholars of the second class, for instance, have to commit to memory from twelve to twenty-five pages of geography, three to six pages of arithmetic, the same of grammar, three pages in spelling, besides exercises in reading, writing, &c. Now these lessons must be studied out of school, at the time which should be devoted to exercise and recreation. The imposition of such severe tasks upon the young and growing children, must enfeeble their constutions, and often incapacitates them, if they arrive at maturity, for enjoying life. We have seen many children who were ambitious to accomplish all that was required of them by teachers; and to do so, the greatest portion of the twenty-four hours was necessarily devoted to their books, scarcely allowing any time for taking their meals. It must be obvious to every one, that such close application to study, produces, in their turn, a train of diseases which cannot always be eradicated. Aching heads, loss of appetite, sleepless nights, inflamed eyes, with other deviations from health, are the accompaniments and the consequences of excessive mental exertion.
Regaining Control of the Television Set
Authors: AGRE FRED 
Published: December 2021

In response to Dr Strasburger's (Pediatrics 1989;83: 446-448) admonishment, I recently attempted to "regain control of the television set." Although the odds were against me, three teenagers to one parent, I was sure that his expert and righteous guidance would carry me to victory over the brain dead viewers.
It was a fierce battle. The "enemy" was dug in, unwilling to be moved from such impregnable positions as the sofa, the floor, and the chair. Only a frontal assault, requiring hand to hand combat, could win the day.
Colic: Exasperating but Fascinating and Gratifying
Authors: CAREY WILLIAM B. 
Published: December 2021

After more than 30 years of dealing with excessive crying in young infants, I would offer the seemingly inconsistent judgment that the problem is exasperating yet fascinating and gratifying. In this commentary, I shall explain this apparent contradiction and point out the extent to which the article by Barr and associates illustrates this view.
The exasperation of coping with "colic," or excessive crying, comes from several sources. The crying is unpleasant for the infant, for the family, and for those trying to help them. Most of the literature advising parents concerning this problem is not helpful, being usually pessimistic or inappropriately directed.
Organized Athletics for Preadolescent Children
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON SPORTS MEDICINE,   COMMITTEE ON SCHOOL HEALTH
Published: December 2021

Each year in the United States, millions of preadolescent children participate in organized athletics. Some organized athletic programs are community based; others are school sponsored, either as extracurricula programs or as part of physical education classes. Most coaches in community-based programs are volunteers who have no formal training or expertise in coaching. The credentials and training of grade school coaches are highly variable. Therefore, many US preadolescents are involved in athletics without the benefit of specific program goals aimed at ensuring the most beneficial physical, psychologic, and recreational outcomes.
Coaches, officials, parents, and program designers all play critical roles in shaping the child's early athletic experience and the child's self-esteem. The goals of the program and the behavior of all of the adults involved should focus upon assisting the child to develop: (1) an enjoyment of sports and fitness that will be sustained through adulthood, (2) physical fitness, (3) basic motor skills, (4) a positive self-image, (5) a balanced perspective on sports in relation to the child's school and community life, and (6) a commitment to the values of teamwork, fair play, and sportsmanship. In addition, efforts must be made to make the sport as safe as possible.
Enjoyment of sports and fitness in childhood will increase the likelihood of a child pursuing these activities through adulthood. Children should be allowed to try a variety of sports and to choose sports that appeal to them. If children require more than gentle encouragement, then they are not ready for involvement. Unstructured free play should be encouraged to enhance enjoyment of sports, as well as to promote spontaneity and creativity.
PRAYER FOR THOSE WHO CARE FOR SICK CHILDREN
Authors: Bowman C. Michael , Diaz Ruben P. 
Published: December 2021

Lord, You called me to care for Your children when they are sick. Help me to do so gladly and joyfully. When I get discouraged, remind me of the value of what I do, and help me to do it to the very best of my abilities. Help me to see You in each of my patients, their families, and my coworkers. Help me to understand that I serve as the instrument by which You heal and bring comfort to Your children. Give me a smile and a gentle sense of humor and help me to use them to lighten the trying times.
I thank You for the many blessings You have given me, not only my medical understanding and skills, but also the opportunity to help others, as You taught us to do. May I always remember that giving of myself to others does not require that I totally deny my own needs or those of my family. Help me to continually strive for an appropriate balance between my vocation and my family. Help me to make my time with my family the highest in quality, especially when it is limited in quantity.
Lord, please give me a heart that listens carefully and patiently to others, particularly my patients, their families, my own family, my coworkers, and to myself. Help me to recognize the needs of each and give me the willingness, the strength, the courage and the resources to meet these needs, according to Your will. May I learn something new each day, not getting lost in my daily routine, and help me to persist in my commitment to help others. Amen.
PROFESSORS' PAY IN CHINA
Authors: L. J. F. 
Published: December 2021

Beijing, April 7—The director of a research institute here made a novel proposal the other day: he suggested that full professors receive the same salary as waitresses at the nearby Shangri-La Hotel.
There is little chance that the Government will approve the proposal, which would involve huge pay increases for the professors. But his idea underscores the humble circumstances of teachers in China, contributing to what is widely perceived today as a crisis in education.
A professor in China averages $39.50 a month, a bit less than the average for employees in Chinese business enterprises, and much less than taxi drivers or waitresses at international hotels.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS DEMONSTRATED—ONCE AGAIN
Authors: Student  
Published: December 2021

Two drugs used to treat heart rhythm irregularities in more than 200,000 Americans increased the risk of heart attack and death in a major clinical trial, Federal health officials said today.
The Food and Drug Administration said it was immediately advising doctors to stop prescribing the drugs, Tambocor and Enkaid, for mild or moderate heart rhythm irregularities, or arrhythmias.
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute said that more than twice as many patients getting the drugs suffered heart attacks or death as those taking dummy pills, making it necessary to suspend a major part of the test three years early.
"Absolutely, unequivocally, this trial was a success because we have identified two drugs of a type that are more dangerous than the disease they are supposed to treat," Dr. Killip said in a telephone interview.
HOW NOT TO EDUCATE YOUNG GIRLS—AS VIEWED IN 1853
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

A commonly held view of mid-nineteenth century physicians, especially in New England, was that young schoolgirls should not be worked too hard and too long at their studies. The editorial below from a highly-respected medical journal is evidence of this unwarranted belief.
Every effort in the school now is to cultivate their minds at the expense of their bodies. They consequently have a sickly life, if perchance it is not cut off in early girlhood; they make poor mothers, are unable to nurse their children in many instances with a tendency to some of the most distressing complaints, and disease is propagated to their children. Much of this arises from the popular mistake that young misses must study algebra, chemistry, scientific botany, Latin, and perhaps Greek and Hebrew, by the time they are fifteen, in order to become ladies. They have no frolicking girlhood—because it is plebeian to romp out of doors with freedom, as nature intended in order to strengthen and perfect their delicate organization. A knowledge of domestic economy is decidely vulgar, and belongs to poor kitchen girls, whose red cheeks, round arms, splendid busts and fine health are perfectly contemptible. There is a kind of imagined gentility in always being under the care of a doctor, and jaunting through the country in pursuit of air, water, or expensive medical advice. Physicians deplore this wretched system, without being able to awaken public sentiment to its destructive character. Teachers are also aware of it, and exert themselves at times to counteract the evils which their every-day lessons exert on the frail, delicate pupils under their charge; but, alas, the poison and antidote are taken at once, and they exhibit the effects of their bad treatment, aided by silk hose in January, thin shoes, the impure atmosphere of crowded rooms and cold night air. Parents are the persons to blame and not the instructors of their children. Young girls are put to school too early and worked too hard and too long at their studies. More active play and fewer books, pudding-making in the place of algebraical equations, with a free exercise of their feet, which were actually designed for walking, would produce a race of women in our midst, such as cannot now be found, in regard to figure, capacity and beauty. What father has the moral courage to set the example, by allowing his daughters to become the angelic creatures they were designed to be, buoyant with spirit, vigor and health, fit companions of man, and the glory of an advanced civilization? Let them gambol in the open air, and, when indoors, act out the governing instincts of their nature in manufacturing rag dolls, till by means of bodily health and vigor, a foundation is laid for intellectual pursuits, and then and not before, may they with safety begin to be exercised in abstract, educational studies.
Health Care for Children of Migrant Families
Authors:   Committee on Community Health Services
Published: December 2021

Migrant and seasonal/farm workers constitute a major portion of the labor force in the American food industry. By harvesting and processing farm crops, they contribute positively to agricultural communities and the American economy.
Currently, the office of Migrant Health estimates that nationwide there are between 3 and 5 million migrant and seasonal farm workers and dependents. The average annual income for migrant and seasonal farm workers is well below the poverty level (US Dept of Health and Human Services, unpublished data, 1988). Because health care insurance is invariably beyond the reach of migrant family budgets, and employers of farm workers rarely provide health care benefits for their employees, these families are usually uninsured. In some cases, these families lack US citizenship or are in this country illegally, which complicates obtaining health care for their children. Medicaid enrollment is also complicated by migration because aliens must meet eligibility requirements in each state to which they migrate, and only US citizens are eligible.
Because of their income and mobile life-style, migrant worker families often find that comprehensive child health care (health maintenance, anticipatory guidance, and preventive medicine) essentially is not available. Migrating families must seek health care whenever it is available. This results in a pattern of service that usually is fragmented and ad hoc. Migration not only interrupts continuity of care but it also contributes to a lack of knowledge about a community's health services and/or jeopardizes eligibility for these services by conflicting with residency requirements. Other problems that delay or prevent access to health care for the children of migrant families include language barriers and differences in culture.
In Reply: Attention Deficit Disorders and Depression
Authors: KELLY PATRICK C. , ATKINSON A. W. 
Published: December 2021

The differential diagnosis for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity is broad and includes a large number of medical, behavioral, emotional, family, and educational disorders and/or dysfunctions. All of these, in addition to depression, must be considered as possible underlying or coexisting problems in children with behavioral concerns.
We agree with Drs Lord and Barthel regarding the need for consideration of depression and the importance of interviewing children in an approach to youngsters with behavioral problems.