bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of meditation on individuals facing loneliness: a scoping review
Authors: Saini Gurleen K. , Haseeb Saud B. , Taghi-Zada Zhala , Ng Jeremy Y. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Meditation is defined as a mind and body practice focused on interactions between the brain, mind, body, and behaviour, containing four key elements: a quiet location with little distractions, a comfortable posture, a focus of attention, and an open attitude. We sought to review the benefits of meditation on the alleviation of loneliness.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted based on Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework. Eligibility criteria included primary studies of any type that investigated the effects of meditation on loneliness. Search strategies were developed and conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, and CINAHL. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, and American Psychological Association websites were also searched. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were critically reviewed using a descriptive-analytical narrative method.

Results
Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria and were published between 2012 and 2020 across 10 countries. Eleven studies reported improvements in relation to loneliness. Of the remaining two studies (15%), one mentioned the alleviation of loneliness, but only looked primarily at social closeness in lonely individuals. The other study found a correlation between loneliness and nuclear factor (NF)-κB levels, which was the measured outcome; however, the direct effects of meditation on loneliness were unclear. Three main themes emerged from our analysis, as follows: 1) positive results across all studies, 2) relatively small randomized control trials conducted over the last decade, and 3) lack of diverse demographic information.

Conclusions
While a small number of studies exist at this intersection, given all included studies indicated positive findings, the effects of meditation in alleviating loneliness are promising. Future research should be directed at understanding how meditation mitigates loneliness and how this intervention can impact practice for healthcare professionals.
Phubbing and temperaments among young Lebanese adults: the mediating effect of self-esteem and emotional intelligence
Authors: Bitar Zeinab , Hallit Souheil , Khansa Wael , Obeid Sahar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid increasing rate of mobile and internet users in Lebanon, predisposes us to a high dependency on smartphones, leading to more phubbing. Phubbing has been found associated with many psychological factors. Thus, the main objectives of this study was (1) to evaluate the association between phubbing and temperaments, and (2) assess the mediating effect of self-esteem and emotional intelligence in the association between phubbing and temperaments among a sample of Lebanese adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study, carried out between August and September 2020, enrolled 461 participants aged between 18 and 29 years old. Participants were recruited from all districts/governorates of Lebanon (Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North Lebanon, South Lebanon, and Bekaa) using the snowball technique. The Generic Scale of Phubbing, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test and TEMPS-M were used to assess phubbing, self-esteem, emotional intelligence and temperaments respectively.ResultsOur results showed that higher depressive temperament (B = 1.21) was significantly associated with more phubbing, whereas higher self-esteem (B = − 0.32) was significantly associated with less phubbing. Regarding the mediating effect, self-esteem partially mediated the association between depressive temperament and phubbing (21.02%), whereas emotional intelligence had no mediating effect on the association between temperaments and phubbing.ConclusionA strong correlation between phubbing and temperaments has been found in our study with a partial mediating effect of self-esteem in this association. Our findings might be a first step for raising awareness to develop the etiquette of using smartphones by providing media education to families, and good media usage habits.
Chemical studies of Chinese coinage II: from Qin to Yuan (221 BCE–1368 CE)
Authors: Pollard A. M. , Liu Ruiliang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper surveys of the chemical composition of the copper alloy coinage in China from the Qin Dynasty to the end of the Yuan Dynasty (221 BCE–1368 CE). It shows a dramatic change in the alloying practice used to cast these coins from the Qin unification (after 221 BCE), compared to that practiced in the pre-Qin. There are a number of shifts in the quality of the coinage from dynasty to dynasty, such as the obvious debasement of the Southern Song coinage (1127–1279 CE) when compared to that of the previous Northern Song dynasty (960–1127 CE). Particular attention is paid to the low levels of zinc in the coinage over the period. Although not as obvious as the switch to brass coinage in the Ming, certain periods do show occasional values of zinc up to 2–4%, which we suggest could reflect the sporadic input of recycled brass (Cu–Zn alloy) into the raw material melt. There were several major suppressions of Buddhism during this period, when Buddhist brass statuary was recycled into the coinage, providing a plausible mechanism for the injection of small quantities of zinc into the coinage alloy. A diachronic study of the amounts of iron in the metal, taken to indicate changes to the manufacturing process of copper, also show changes over time. The median levels of iron jump from the Qin (221–206 BCE) to the Western Han (206 BCE–9 CE), possibly reflecting the adoption of slagging processes in the production of the copper, followed by a gradual decline to the Northern Song (960–1127 CE), and a rapid increase during the Southern Song (1127–1279 CE). Finally, a study of changes in the content of silver over time reveals differences in the sources of lead, or changes in lead and silver extraction technologies, over the period.
Exploring halal tourism tweets on social media
Authors: Feizollah Ali , Mostafa Mohamed M. , Sulaiman Ainin , Zakaria Zalina , Firdaus Ahmad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study explores tweets from Oct 2008 to Oct 2018 related to halal tourism. The tweets were extracted from twitter and underwent various cleaning processes. A total of 33,880 tweets were used for analysis. Analysis intended to (1) identify the topics users tweet about regarding halal tourism, and (2) analyze the emotion-based sentiment of the tweets. To identify and analyze the topics, the study used a word list, concordance graphs, semantic network analysis, and topic-modeling approaches. The NRC emotion lexicon was used to examine the sentiment of the tweets. The analysis illustrated that the word “halal” occurred in the highest number of tweets and was primarily associated with the words “food” and “hotel”. It was also observed that non-Muslim countries such as Japan and Thailand appear to be popular as halal tourist destinations. Sentiment analysis found that there were more positive than negative sentiments among the tweets. The findings have shown that halal tourism is a global market and not only restricted to Muslim countries. Thus, industry players should take the opportunity to use social media to their advantage to promote their halal tourism packages as it is an effective method of communication in this decade.
Targeted accumulation of selective anticancer depsipeptides by reconstructing the precursor supply in the neoantimycin biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Zhou Lin , Shen Yaoyao , Chen Nannan , Li Wanlu , Lin Hou-wen , Zhou Yongjun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Neoantimycins are a group of 15-membered ring depsipeptides isolated from Streptomycetes with a broad-spectrum of anticancer activities. Neoantimycin biosynthesis is directed by the hybrid multimodular megaenzymes of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase. We previously discovered a new neoantimycin analogue unantimycin B, which was demonstrated to have selective anticancer activities and was produced from the neoantimycin biosynthetic pathway with a starter unit of 3-hydroxybenzoate, instead of the 3-formamidosalicylate unit that is common for neoantimycins. However, the low fermentation titre and tough isolation procedure have hindered in-depth pharmacological investigation of unantimycin B as an anticancer agent.

Results
In this work, we genetically constructed two unantimycin B producer strains and inhibited neoantimycins production by removing natO and natJ-L genes essential for 3-formamidosalicylate biosynthesis, therefore facilitating chromatographic separation of unantimycin B from the complex fermentation extract. Based on the ΔnatO mutant, we improved unantimycin B production twofold, reaching approximately 12.8 mg/L, by feeding 3-hydroxybenzoate during fermentation. Furthermore, the production was improved more than sixfold, reaching approximately 40.0 mg/L, in the ΔnatO strain introduced with a chorismatase gene highly expressed under a strong promoter for endogenously over-producing 3-hydroxybenzoate.

Conclusion
This work provides a case of targeting accumulation and significant production improvement of medicinally interesting natural products via genetic manipulation of precursor biosynthesis in Streptomycetes, the talented producers of pharmaceutical molecules.
Fostering socio-emotional learning through early childhood intervention
Authors: Mondi Christina F. , Giovanelli Alison , Reynolds Arthur J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEducators and researchers are increasingly interested in evaluating and promoting socio-emotional learning (SEL) beginning in early childhood (Newman & Dusunbury in 2015; Zigler & Trickett in American Psychologist 33(9):789–79810.1037/0003-066X.33.9.789, 1978). Decades of research have linked participation in high-quality early childhood education (ECE) programs (e.g., public prekindergarten, Head Start) to multidimensional wellbeing. ECE programs also have demonstrated potential to be implemented at large scales with strong financial returns on investment. However, relatively few studies have investigated the effects of ECE programs on SEL, particularly compared to smaller-scale, skills-based SEL interventions. Furthermore, among studies that have examined SEL, there is a general lack of consensus about how to define and measure SEL in applied settings. The present paper begins to address these gaps in several ways. First, it discusses conceptual and methodological issues related to developmentally and culturally sensitive assessment of young children’s socio-emotional functioning. Second, it reviews the empirical research literature on the impacts of three types of early childhood programs (general prekindergarten programs; multi-component prekindergarten programs; and universal skills-based interventions) on SEL. Finally, it highlights future directions for research and practice.
Retroperitoneal fibrous tumor recurring as lung metastases after 10 years: a case report
Authors: Matsuishi Kozue , Eto Kojiro , Morito Atsushi , Hamasaki Hirokazu , Morita Keisuke , Ikeshima Satoshi , Horino Kei , Shimada Shinya , Baba Hideo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a relatively rare mesenchymal tumor that mainly affects adults. Its prognosis is good after curative resection, but distant recurrences after 10 years or longer have been reported. Recurrent SFT usually arises as a local lesion; distant metastasis is rarely reported. Here, we report lung metastases that recurred a decade after excising a retroperitoneal primary SFT.

Case presentation
A 44-year-old woman had an SFT resected from her right retroperitoneum at our hospital. Ten years later, at age 54, she underwent a lung resection after CT showed three suspected metastases in her left lung. All three were histologically diagnosed as lung metastases from the retroperitoneal SFT. However, whereas the primary SFT had 1–2 mitotic cells/10 high power fields (HPF), the metastatic lesion increased malignancy, at 50/10 HPF.

Conclusion
Patients who have had resected SFTs should be carefully followed up, as malignancy may change in distant metastasis, as in this case.
Bacterial diversity and predicted enzymatic function in a multipurpose surface water system – from wastewater effluent discharges to drinking water production
Authors: Tiwari Ananda , Hokajärvi Anna-Maria , Domingo Jorge Santo , Elk Michael , Jayaprakash Balamuralikrishna , Ryu Hodon , Siponen Sallamaari , Vepsäläinen Asko , Kauppinen Ari , Puurunen Osmo , Artimo Aki , Perkola Noora , Huttula Timo , Miettinen Ilkka T. , Pitkänen Tarja 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Rivers and lakes are used for multiple purposes such as for drinking water (DW) production, recreation, and as recipients of wastewater from various sources. The deterioration of surface water quality with wastewater is well-known, but less is known about the bacterial community dynamics in the affected surface waters. Understanding the bacterial community characteristics —from the source of contamination, through the watershed to the DW production process—may help safeguard human health and the environment.

Results
The spatial and seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities, their predicted functions, and potential health-related bacterial (PHRB) reads within the Kokemäenjoki River watershed in southwest Finland were analyzed with the 16S rRNA-gene amplicon sequencing method. Water samples were collected from various sampling points of the watershed, from its major pollution sources (sewage influent and effluent, industrial effluent, mine runoff) and different stages of the DW treatment process (pre-treatment, groundwater observation well, DW production well) by using the river water as raw water with an artificial groundwater recharge (AGR).
The beta-diversity analysis revealed that bacterial communities were highly varied among sample groups (R = 0.92, p <  0.001, ANOSIM). The species richness and evenness indices were highest in surface water (Chao1; 920 ± 10) among sample groups and gradually decreased during the DW treatment process (DW production well; Chao1: 320 ± 20). Although the phylum Proteobacteria was omnipresent, its relative abundance was higher in sewage and industrial effluents (66–80%) than in surface water (55%). Phyla Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were only detected in sewage samples. Actinobacteria was more abundant in the surface water (≥13%) than in other groups (≤3%). Acidobacteria was more abundant in the DW treatment process (≥13%) than in others (≤2%). In total, the share of PHRB reads was higher in sewage and surface water than in the DW treatment samples. The seasonal effect in bacterial communities was observed only on surface water samples, with the lowest diversity during summer.

Conclusions
The low bacterial diversity and absence of PHRB read in the DW samples indicate AGR can produce biologically stable and microbiologically safe drinking water. Furthermore, the significantly different bacterial communities at the pollution sources compared to surface water and DW samples highlight the importance of effective wastewater treatment for protecting the environment and human health.
Influence of oviposition-inducing hormone on spawning and mortality in the endangered Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki)
Authors: Bronson Ellen , Guy Emmet L. , Murphy Kevin J. , Barrett Kevin , Kouba Andrew J. , Poole Vicky , Kouba Carrie K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
With Panamanian golden frogs (Atelopus zeteki; PGFs) likely extirpated from the wild, ensuring long-term sustainability of captive populations is crucial in order to conserve this critically endangered species. Unfortunately, PGFs display a unique reproductive behavior involving a prolonged period of amplexus leading to challenges in their successful captive propagation. The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore has observed high levels of mortality during the breeding season and suboptimal reproductive success leading to the use of hormone stimulation to aid in reproduction and health management.

Methods
This project aimed to develop induced ovulation and health management protocols by (1) evaluating different doses of gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa), (2) comparing the efficacy of GnRHa and GnRHa + metoclopramide, (3) determining latency periods and the effects of pulsed hormone sequences; and (4) establish if mortality is impacted by hormone therapy. Female PGFs (n = 174) were given GnRHa either in various concentrations (Experiment 1) or combined with metoclopramide (Experiment 2), and oviposition success, latency, and mortality were measured as binary response variables.

Results
Overall, the use of exogenous hormones significantly decreased mortality when compared to the control data of natural egg-laying females. GnRHa doses of 0.05 μg/g body weight produced similar ovulation rates compared to higher doses, and the addition of metoclopramide did not increase oviposition success compared to GnRHa alone. Lastly, results indicate the majority of female PGFs will release eggs within 48 h following the initial pulse of hormones with a small percentage ovipositing after a second pulse.

Conclusion
Findings from this study will benefit captive management of PGFs by documenting the increased survival of females when given hormone stimulation and defining appropriate GnRHa doses and expected latency to spawning.
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy with RBM20 mutation in an Indian patient: a case report
Authors: Das Soumi , Seth Sandeep 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle characterized by ventricular dilation and a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%. Unlike hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), DCM-causing mutations are present in a large number of genes. In the present study, we report a case of the early age of onset of DCM associated with a pathogenic variant in the RBM20 gene in a patient from India.

Case presentation
A 19-year-old Indian male diagnosed with DCM was suggested for heart transplantation. His ECG showed LBBB and echocardiography showed an ejection fraction of 14%. He had a sudden cardiac death. A detailed family history revealed it to be a case of familial DCM. Genetic screening identified the c.1900C>T variant in the RBM20 gene which led to a missense variant of amino acid 634 (p.Arg634Trp).

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, the variant p.Arg634Trp has been earlier reported in the Western population, but this is the first case of p.Arg634Trp in an Indian patient. The variant has been reported to be pathogenic at an early age of onset; therefore, close clinical follow-up should be done for the family members caring for the variant.
Post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing concurrent chemoradiation with cisplatin versus nimotuzumab-cisplatin, focusing on acute oral mucositis
Authors: Noronha Vanita , Patil Vijay M. , Singh Gunjesh Kumar , Joshi Amit , Menon Nandini , Lashkar Sarbani Ghosh , Mathrudev Vijayalakshmi , Satam Kavita Nawale , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute oral mucositis has been infrequently studied in the patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) receiving once-weekly cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Hence, this analysis was conducted to explore the various aspects of the same.ResultsThe overall incidence of mucositis was 96.9% (n= 508) and of grade 3–5 mucositis was 61.3% (n= 321). The overall incidence of oral mucositis was similar in both the arms (CCRT and NCRT) (pvalue = 0.58) while grade 3–5 mucositis was more common in the NCRT arm (pvalue = 0.01). Out of all factors listed, the presence of nimotuzumab was the only significant risk factor for the development of grade 3 or more oral mucositis (pvalue = 0.01); (OR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.15–2.32). Delays in the treatment delivery were similar in both the arms.ConclusionAcute oral mucositis is a common occurrence in locally advanced-HNSCC patients receiving chemoradiotherapy. Nimotuzumab is a significant factor for development of grade 3 and above oral mucositis.
Validity of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in pre- and post-operative evaluation of pulmonary arteries and ventricular functions in pediatric conotruncal anomalies
Authors: Saraya Samira , Ahmad Yousra Mahmoud , Soliman Hazem Hamed , Saraya Mahmoud , Louis Mariam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this work is to evaluate the validity of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in assessment of pulmonary arteries and ventricular functions with conotruncal anomalies in the pediatric population.

Results
Between March 2018 and December 2019, 42 patients ranging in age from 6 months to 18 years and diagnosed with conotruncal anomalies by echocardiographic examination were submitted for cardiac MRI followed by assessment of their morphological (intra- and extra-cardiac anatomy) and functional parameters. The most common conotruncal anomaly was tetralogy of Fallot which represented 45% of the cases. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) compared to echocardiography showed 46% agreement in the assessment of right ventricular volumes and function. There was only 37% agreement between echocardiography and MRI in delineation of MAPCAS.

Conclusion
CMR provides a powerful tool, giving anatomical and physiological information that echocardiography and catheterization alone cannot provide in conotruncal anomalies.
Hypothesizing directional causality between the governance indicators and economic growth: the case of Afghanistan
Authors: Azimi Mohammad Naim , Shafiq Mohammad Musa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the causal relationship between governance indicators and economic growth in Afghanistan. We use a set of quarterly time series data from 2003Q1 to 2018Q4 to test our hypothesis. Following Toda and Yamamoto’s (J Econom 66(1–2):225–250, 1995.10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8) vector autoregressive model and the modified Wald test, our empirical results show a unidirectional causality between the government effectiveness, rule of law, and the economic growth. Our findings exhibit significant causal relationships running from economic growth to the eradication of corruption, the establishment of the rule of law, quality of regulatory measures, government effectiveness, and political stability. More interestingly, we support the significant multidimensional causality hypothesis among the governance indicators. Overall, our findings not only reveal causality between economic growth and governance indicators, but they also show interdependencies among the governance indicators.