bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saamelaislasten koulutushistoria kertoo maiden yhtäläisyydestä ja erityisyydestä
Authors: Kortekangas Otso , Nyyssönen Jukka 
Published: November 2021

Tämä katsausartikkeli luotaa saamelaisten 1900-luvun koulutusta käsittelevää tutkimuskirjallisuutta Suomessa, Norjassa ja Ruotsissa, sekä lyhyesti myös Venäjällä ja Neuvostoliitossa. Artikkelin painopisteet ovat yhtäältä itse koulutuksen historiassa ja toisaalta tutkimuskirjallisuuden tulkinnoissa eri maissa. Mitä eroavaisuuksia ja yhtäläisyyksiä maiden välillä on, ja miten saamelaisten koulutushistorian tutkimus on kehittynyt viime vuosina? Tutkimuksen luoma kuva on monipuolistunut viime vuosina, samalla kun saamelaisten oma ääni on pääsemässä vahvemmin esiin tutkimuksessa. Samalla metodologisen nationalismin ongelma on edelleen voimakkaasti läsnä rajaamassa tutkimuskehystä kunkin maan sisäisiin asioihin.
Olemmeko kärpäsiä vai mehiläisiä?
Authors: Ikonen Risto 
Published: November 2021

Kirjoituksessa hahmotellaan kahta toisistaan eroavaa demokratiakäsitystä, joista molemmista löytyy yhteys 1800-luvun puolivälissä muotoiltuun kehitysoppiin. Talouden vapautta korostava oppi pitää inhimillisen kehityksen liikkeellepanevana voimana ihmisten itsekästä voitonhalua. Jos yksilöiden välistä kilpailua yritetään rajoittaa, kyseessä ei voi olla demokratia. Kilpailullisen demokratian rinnalla on vaikuttanut demokratiakäsitys, jonka perustana on yhteinen neuvonpito. Sille on ominaista pyrkimys sovitella vastakkaisia toiveita ja pyrkimyksiä. Näin ajateltuna evoluution toimijoita eivät ole yksilöt vaan yhteisöt. Jos joku yksilö tai kansanosa on jätetty neuvonpidon ulkopuolelle, silloin kyse ei voi olla demokratiasta. Näin ajateltuna demokratia voidaan ymmärtää joko voitonhalun innoittamaksi yksilöiden väliseksi kilpailuksi tai yhteisökokonaisuuden kannalta parasta ratkaisua etsiväksi neuvonpidoksi. Nämä kaksi toisensa poissulkevaa demokratian muotoa ovat läsnä aikamme poliittisessa keskustelussa, vaikka ne jäävätkin helposti huomaamatta. Tämä ei ole ongelmatonta, sillä demokratian kilpailullistaminen hankaloittaa neuvonpitoa uhaten samalla tukahduttaa yhteisön oppimiskyvyn.
Algoflora of lakes in the Kurgal’sky Nature reserve (Leningrad region)
Authors: Stanislavskaya E. V. , Afanas’eva A. L. , Pavlova O. A. 
Published: November 2021

Various algocenosises in the brackish Lake Lipovskoe and ultra-oligotrophic Lake Beloe located in the Kurgal’sky Nature reserve were studied in May and July of 2019. In the algal flora of the lakes studied, we found 291 taxa belonging to 9 orders. The both lakes were characterized by high species richness, namely: 179 and 181 algae taxa were identified in the Lake Lipovskoe and Lake Beloe, respectively. In the Lake Lipovskoe, its phytoplankton was dominated by Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta and Dinophyta, among which brackish-water and marine species were presented. In the periphyton of this Lake, brackish-water diatoms and green algae were the most abundant. In the Lake Beloe, its phytoplankton was dominated by Dinophyta, Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta; the blue-greens, diatoms and green algae dominated in the periphyton of Lake Beloe. Despite that the lakes are located close to each other, their algal flora is quite different: the Sorensen similarity index between the two lakes was 38% only. The phytoplankton biomass in both lakes was low, increasing from spring to summer. In the Lake Lipovskoe, the phytoplankton biomass varied from 0.45 to 1.9 mg/L, chlorophyll a fluctuated from 3.9 to 7.1 µg/L. In the Lake Beloe, the phytoplankton biomass varied from 0.3 to 1.4 mg/L, chlorophyll a fluctuated from 0.45 to 1.3 µg/L. The periphyton biomass was 20 g/m2 (chlorophyll a being 22 mg/m2 ) and 17 g/m2 (chlorophyll a being 17 mg/m2 ) in the Lake Lipovskoe and Lake Beloe, respectively. Nowadays, the ecological status of both lakes can be considered satisfactory, because based on trophic conditions and species compositions they belong to waterbodies of clean and satisfactory clean conditions (II–III classes of water quality). To preserve the unique flora of the lakes in the Kurgal’sky Nature reserve, nature-protected measures should be strengthened.
Sagu Lingga : Kebijakan Ketahanan Pangan Masa Lalu dan Warisannya
Authors: Wiwik Swastiwi Anastasia 
Published: November 2021

Kajian terhadap kebijakan tokoh-tokoh sejarah pada masa lalu masih relevan dilakukan pada saat ini. Seorang tokoh Kesultanan Riau-Lingga bernama Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alamsyah II (1857-1883) yang memberikan sumbangan pemikiran pada masa Kesultanan Riau-Lingga. Sumbangan pemikiran tersebut adalah kebijakannya terutama dalam bidang ketahanan pangan. Pada tahun 1860 Sultan Sulaiman membuka industri sagu dan pabriknya, dibangun di hulu sungai Daik (Kampung Robat). Tulisan ini bertujuan memberi pemahaman bahwa tanaman sagu sebagai produk kebijakan ketahanan pangan masa lalu dapat dikembangkan untuk mendukung kebijakan pemerintah pada masa kini. Kajian ini menggunakan metode sejarah. Metode sejarah dalam merekonstruksi jejak jalur rempah di Kepulauan Riau ini melalui empat tahapan kerja, yaitu heuristik (pengumpulan sumber), kritik sumber (eksternal terhadap bahan dan internal terhadap isi), interpretasi (penafsiran) dan historiografi. Sumber primer diperoleh melaui naskah Melayu seperti Tuhfat An Nafis, Perhimpunan Plakat, anotasi Hasan Junus Syair Perjalanan Engku Puteri ke Lingga, Kitab Pengetahuan Bahasa dan Tunjuk Ajar Perempuan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan kebijakan Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alamsyah II dalam ketahanan pangan mewariskan kearifan lokal yang masih bisa dinikmati hingga sekarang. Wisata kuliner yang dominan di wilayah Kepulauan Riau adalah kuliner yang terbuat dari bahan sagu. Tanaman sagu sebagai produk kebijakan ketahanan masa lalu masih relevan dalam kondisi kini. Sagu bahkan sudah harus menjadi kebijakan nasional sebagai salah satu alternatif karbohidrat dalam rangka ketahanan pangan nasional. Namun demikian, dukungan berbagai pihak untuk pengembangan tanaman sagu secara berkesinambungan sangat diperlukan. Kajian ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar kebijakan pemerintah daerah Lingga khususnya untuk lebih memanfaatkan sagu sebagai pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan.
Optimalisasi Waktu Inkubasi dan Konsentrasi Pepsin pada Aktivitas Produksi Serum Anti Tetanus
Authors: Saputra Maelandri M. Ambri , Emelia Rida 
Published: November 2021

Tetanus merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kuman Clostridium tetani. Penyakit ini termasuk mematikan di negara berkembang. Melihat masih tingginya kasus tetanus di negara berkembang serta untuk memberikan pelayanan terbaik dan pengobatan efektif terhadap pasien yang terkena penyakit tetanus, maka diperlukan optimalisasi pada proses pembuatan serum anti tetanus, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kapasitas produksi dan kualitas serum yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui optimalisasi waktu inkubasi dan konsentrasi pepsin pada aktivitas produksi serum anti tetanus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan studi pustaka. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan software khusus densitometri Design of Experiment (DoE) dengan metode Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Elektroforesis (SDS PAGE) bahwa konsentrasi optimum didapatkan pada sampel anti tetanus ke-7 dengan konsentrasi pepsin sebesar 0,18 % dalam waktu inkubasi 5 jam.
Analisis Kadar Hidrokuinon pada Krim Pemutih yang Beredar di Toko Online dengan Metode Spektrofotometri
Authors: Ristianing Putri Ayu , Nur Wahyudiani Misni 
Published: November 2021

Hidrokuinon merupakan senyawa aktif yang mampu mengendalikan produksi pigmen, yakni berfungsi untuk mengurangi atau menghambat pembentukan melanin kulit. Hal ini yang menyebabkan hidrokuinon sering kali digunakan sebagai pemutih dalam krim. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis kadar hidrokuinon pada krim pemutih yang beredar di toko online dengan menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 6 sampel yang terdiri dari 5 sampel krim pemutih yang tidak memiliki nomor registrasi BPOM dengan kode A, B, C, D, E dan 1 jenis krim pemutih yang memiliki nomor registrasi BPOM dengan kode F. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kadar tertinggi hidrokuinon diperoleh dari sampel C dengan kadar hidrokuinon sebesar 38,789 %, dan secara keseluruhan kadar sampel yang tidak memiliki nomor registrasi mengandung hidrokuinon melebihi batas kadar yang ditetapkan BPOM sedangkan sampel yang memiliki nomor registrasi BPOM tidak melebihi batas kadar yang ditetapkan BPOM.
Dimensões psicológica e espiritual de pais de crianças vivendo com HIV e AIDS
Authors: Vital da Silva Junior Sergio , De Carvalho Silva Wilton José , Pedroza Bezerra Elismar , De Sousa Soares Helga , Lopes de Carvalho Ana Elizabeth , Da Silva Soares Fabieny , Monteiro Moreira Solange , Moreira Freire Maria Eliane 
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: investigar a qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV e aids, segundo dimensões psicológica e espiritual. Método: Investigação exploratória, descritiva, com enfoque misto. Participaram do estudo 18 usuários de um Hospital Escola em João Pessoa - PB. Utilizou-se a técnica de gravação em aparelho mp3, as quais foram transcritas na í­ntegra, no programa de texto Notepad. Após essa etapa, para análise das respostas utilizou-se o software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: 83,3% eram do sexo feminino, 38,8% encontravam-se entre 19 e 32 anos de idade e 55,5% eram casados. 50% concluiu o segundo grau e 44,4% são católicos. Dos discursos, emergiram as categorias dimensão psicológica relacionada í necessidade de ajuda; dimensão espiritual relacionada í necessidade de ajuda e dimensão espiritual de cuidado e saúde do ser humano. Conclusão: As dimensões emocional e espiritual devem ser abordadas no cuidado í s pessoas que vivem com HIV e aids.
PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA
Authors: Farida Luluk Anisatul , Hariyani Sri , Fayeldi Trija 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to produce a valid, practical, and effective learning video that can improve cognitive learning outcomes for grade VIII students of Public Junior High School 5 Malang on the Prism dan Pyramid Volume material. The development model used is ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). The quality of the resulting learning video meets the following criteria: a) valid, with an averange score of 3,38 by material experts and media experts; b) practical, with an averange score of teacher response questionnaires and student response questionnaires of 3,50; c) effective, with an averange score of student learning test results of 83,75 and has met the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) at Public Junior High School 5 Malang, namely 78. Thus, it can be conclude that the learning videos developed are valid, practical, and effective to improve cognitive learning outcomes of grade VIII Students of Public Junior High School 5 Malang on prism and pyramid volume material.
Bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax in a non-intubated COVID-19 patient
Authors: Frączek Michał , Sklinda Katarzyna , Walecki Jerzy 
Published: November 2021

Spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax is a rare condition occurring only in 1,3% of cases of spontaneous pneumothorax. Although spontaneous pneumothorax is recognized complication of COVID it is usually associated with severe cases of COVID pneumonia with massive lung involvement and a high level of inflammatory cytokines – so called "inflammatory storm". Large percentage of this patients requires life support with mechanical ventilation and pneumothorax is usually accompanied with pneumomediastinum. Nevertheless occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax in non-intubated patients is very low. Therefore the presented case is exceptional in two ways – spontaneous pneumothorax occurred in non-intubated patient and is presented bilaterally. Early diagnosis of spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax can pose a diagnostic dilemma as it mimics progression of lung involvement in the course of COVID, pulmonary embolism or myocardial infarction. In our case apart from COVID pneumonia, patient had typical clinical presentation of myocardial infarction and known coronary artery disease, which initially mislead clinicians toward diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). However after exclusion of MI, chest radiograph was requested which revealed bilateral pneumothorax. The exact mechanism of pneumothorax development in non-intubated patients is not clear. Lung inflammation in COVID causes formation of pneumatocele, which can predispose to spontaneous pneumothorax. It is important to note that our patient developed pneumothorax without evident pneumatocele, underlying lung condition or history of trauma. This case shows that bilateral pneumothorax in COVID-19 can develop also in patients with only mild clinical course of COVID pneumonia. Early diagnosis and proper management is essential and can prevent life-threatening complications.
Importancia del Contexto Social para la Investigación
Authors: Noriega Montufar Bertha Suceli , Rodríguez Rodríguez Rita Elena , López Estrada Iris Aneth , Buchí Guaré Carolina Soledad , Felisa Girón Hernández Maria Hengly , Del Cid Flores Marco Antonio 
Published: November 2021

El presente ensayo aborda la importancia del contexto social para la investigación. Se parte de la premisa que solo se puede comprender a un individuo dentro del contexto social en el que vive.
Se construye el contexto, en el contexto, con el uso de metodologías, métodos, técnicas e instrumentos pertinentes que facilitan el conocimiento, con una mirada desde adentro, para rescatar la singularidad y las parcialidades propias de los procesos sociales. Se logra hacer la valoración de lo subjetivo y vivencial mediante esa interacción entre los sujetos que participan en la investigación, como objetos de estudio y como investigadores.
En el contexto social, se genera el conocimiento porque es un producto social y su proceso de construcción es colectivo, reflejan los valores, percepciones y significados de quienes los construyen.
Es preciso conocer el contexto social, independientemente del enfoque bajo el que se oriente la investigación (cualitativo, cuantitativo o mixto) porque la realidad presente en un contexto es el punto de partida del científico.
Spatial heterogeneity of the immune compartment within the lungs of critical COVID-19 patients
Authors: Cross Amy 
Published: November 2021

Cross AR, Sansom S, Roberts I, Cerundolo L, Melero I, De Andrea C, Landecho MF, Klenerman P,Hester J, Issa F
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a defining feature of severe infection with theSARS-CoV-2 virus. Approaches to understand the immune response during COVID-19 are largelyconfined to characterisation of circulating leukocytes, however this approach excludes the mostrelevant cells that are active at the site of infection and injury.
The aim of this study was to characterise the immune landscape across the lungs of COVID-19patients. Lung samples from three critical COVID-19 patients were assessed for histopathology,viral load, and distribution using qPCR, in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry.Leukocyte distribution was then assessed, and the transcript profile of selected areas examinedagainst the >1800 genes in the Cancer Transcriptome Atlas panel on the NanoString GeoMxDigital Spatial Profiling platform.
Lung samples exhibited a spectrum of typical COVID-19 pathology with diffuse alveolar damageconsistent with hyaline membrane and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, interstitialinflammation, organising pneumonia and thrombi. All tissues tested positive for SARS-CoV-2RNA using qPCR, whilst spatially resolved techniques revealed only few and sparsely distributedcells carrying the viral nucleocapsid protein. Multiplexed immunofluorescence for lymphocytes(CD3+) and macrophages (CD68+) was used to select areas of immune enrichment for spatialtranscriptomic profiling. These targeted analyses highlighted functional pathways involved inthe interferon gamma response, TCR activation and antigen presentation. Comparison acrossimmune-enriched areas identified a heterogeneity in lung infiltrates with spatial separation ofchemokine and complement production. Our data identify pathological immune pathways thatare amenable to therapeutic intervention in critical disease.
Quest for the Upcoming Periastron Passage of an Episodic Dust Maker and Particle-accelerating Colliding-wind Binary: WR 125
Authors: Arora Bharti , Pandey J. C. , De Becker Michaël , Pandey S. B. , Chakradhari Nand K. , Sharma Saurabh , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We have carried out a long-term infrared and X-ray investigation of the colliding-wind binary WR 125 (WC7 + O9III). The source was monitored using AstroSat Soft X-ray Telescope and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Near Infrared Imaging Camera-II mounted at the back of 3.6 m Devasthal Optical Telescope. WR 125 appeared brighter in the near-infrared K-band during the years 2017–2021 which is attributed to another episode of dust formation similar to the one reported during the likely periastron passage at the beginning of the 1990s. This is further supported by enhanced emission observed in the W1 and W2 bands of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer from 2018–2019. By combining archival X-ray data sets with our new measurements, long-term variations have been noticed. The source reaches a lower emission state in 2020 June (close to the recent infrared maximum) which could be due to enhanced absorption of X-rays produced in the colliding-wind region by the WC stellar wind close to the periastron in an eccentric orbit. The time interval between the previous and latest X-ray low states may indicate an orbital period of 28–29 years, in fair agreement with the recurrence time of episodic dust production. We also discuss published radio measurements in the context of a common picture based on a long-period binary scenario. These results allow us to draw relevant guidelines for future multiwavelength observations of WR 125.
Gravitational Lensing by a Massive Object in a Dark Matter Halo. I. Critical Curves and Caustics
Authors: Karamazov Michal , Timko Lukáš , Heyrovský David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study the gravitational lensing properties of a massive object in a dark matter halo, concentrating on the critical curves and caustics of the combined lens. We model the system in the simplest approximation by a point mass embedded in a spherical Navarro–Frenk–White density profile. The low number of parameters of such a model permits a systematic exploration of its parameter space. We present galleries of critical curves and caustics for different masses and positions of the point in the halo. We demonstrate the existence of a critical mass, above which the gravitational influence of the centrally positioned point is strong enough to eliminate the radial critical curve and caustic of the halo. In the point-mass parameter space we identify the boundaries at which critical-curve transitions and corresponding caustic metamorphoses occur. The number of transitions as a function of the position of the point is surprisingly high, ranging from three for higher masses to as many as eight for lower masses. On the caustics we identify the occurrence of six different types of caustic metamorphoses. We illustrate the peculiar properties of the single radial critical curve and caustic appearing in an additional unusual nonlocal metamorphosis for a critical mass positioned at the halo center. Although we construct the model primarily to study the lensing influence of individual galaxies in a galaxy cluster, it can also be used to study the lensing by dwarf satellite galaxies in the halo of a host galaxy, as well as (super)massive black holes at a general position in a galactic halo.
Global Distribution of the Solar Wind Speed Reconstructed from Improved Tomographic Analysis of Interplanetary Scintillation Observations between 1985 and 2019
Authors: Tokumaru Munetoshi , Fujiki Ken’ichi , Kojima Masayoshi , Iwai Kazumasa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Computer-assisted tomography (CAT) for interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations enables the determination of the global distribution of solar wind speed. We compared solar wind speeds derived from the CAT analysis of IPS observations between 1985 and 2019 with in situ observations conducted by the near-Earth and Ulysses spacecraft. From this comparison, we found that solar wind speeds from the IPS observations for 2009–2019 were systematically higher than the in situ observations, whereas those for the period until 2008 were in good agreement with the in situ observations. Further, we found that the discrepancy between IPS and the in situ observations is improved by changing the power index of the empirical relation between the solar wind speed and density fluctuations. The CAT analysis using an optimal value for the power index determined from the comparison between IPS and in situ observations revealed long-term variations in the solar wind speed distribution over three cycles, leading to a better understanding of the time-varying global heliosphere. We found that polar solar winds become highly anisotropic at the Cycle 24/25 minimum, which is a peculiar aspect of this minimum. The IPS observations showed general agreement with the Parker Solar Probe observations around the perihelion of Orbit 1; this supports the reliability of the CAT analysis. The results of this study suggest that the physical properties of solar wind microturbulence may vary with a long-term decline in the solar activity, which provides important implication on the solar wind acceleration.
The Second Earth Trojan 2020 XL5
Authors: Hui 許 Man-To 文韜 , Wiegert Paul A. , Tholen David J. , Föhring Dora 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Earth Trojans are coorbitals librating around the Lagrange points L
4 or L
5 of the Sun–Earth system. Although many numerical studies suggest that they can maintain their dynamical status and be stable on timescales up to a few tens of thousands of years or even longer, they remain an elusive population. Thus far only one transient member (2010 TK7) has been discovered serendipitously. Here, we present a dynamical study of asteroid 2020 XL5. With our meticulous follow-up astrometric observations of the object, we confirmed that it is a new Earth Trojan. However, its eccentric orbit brings it close encounters with Venus on a frequent basis. Based on our N-body integration, we found that the asteroid was captured into the current Earth Trojan status in the fifteenth century, and then it has a likelihood of 99.5% to leave the L
4 region within the next ∼10 kyr. Therefore, it is most likely that 2020 XL5 is dynamically unstable over this timescale.