bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transovarial transmission of Nosema pyrausta in three generations of Ostrinia nubilalis in laboratory tests
Authors: Grushevaya Inna V. , Senderskiy Igor V. , Zubarev Ivan V. , Tokarev* Yuri S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe microsporidium Nosema pyrausta (Paillot) (Nosematidae) is a widespread and persistent entomopathogen with integrated pest management implications. Nosema pyrausta is capable of horizontal and vertical transmissions in Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) populations. After experimental per os infection, N. pyrausta virulence decreased with the instar of the host larvae used. At a dosage of 100,000 spores per fourth instar, 47% pupae and 36% adults survived and gave rise to transovarially infected offspring. The infection persisted through three laboratory generations of the host with prevalence levels ranging between 29 and 92%. Mature microsporidian spores were not found in smears prepared from the eggs laid by infected females, but cryosections demonstrated parasite cells within the host egg’s cytoplasm. A short region of N. pyrausta hexokinase was amplified using cDNA samples from infected females’ eggs, confirming the expression of the parasite’s DNA. Thus, vertical transmission of N. pyrausta is achieved through infection of insect eggs with prespore stages of the parasite.
Coptera haywardi females discriminate puparia of Anastrepha obliqua treated with Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Martínez‐Barrera Olga Yaneth , Toledo Jorge , Cancino Jorge , Liedo Pablo , Gómez Jaime , Valle‐Mora Javier , Montoya Pablo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe capacity of a parasitoid to discriminate hosts can favor the survival of its progeny as well as improve its efficacy as a biocontrol agent when it is used with another natural enemy, as this may result in greater control of the pest. Our aim was to characterize the discrimination ability of Coptera haywardi (Oglobin) (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) females with respect to puparia of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) treated with the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), under three conditions: (1) no choice, separately exposing A. obliqua puparia, treated at 0, 24, 48, or 72 h prior to exposure, to the parasitoid and without application of the fungus (absolute control); (2) with the possibility of choosing between untreated and treated puparia with the same times after fungus application; and (3) multiple choice, where parasitoids could select among puparia treated at different times. Observations were made to determine the discrimination behavior of the wasps as well as the number of ovipositions by each female parasitoid; 14 observations were made. Coptera haywardi exhibited different levels of discrimination depending on the test. In the no‐choice test, discrimination was not observed; in the two‐choice test, females significantly discriminated the puparia treated at 0, 24, and 72 h prior to exposure; and in the multiple‐choice test, females preferred the untreated puparia – behavior that was corroborated in the direct observations. Oviposition time ranged from 9 to 86 min and differences in average time among treatments were not significant. We conclude that the discrimination ability of C. haywardi allows the simultaneous use of B. bassiana, as females prefer healthy, untreated puparia without interfering with the fungus.
Long‐term tolerability and efficacy after initial PegIFN‐α addition to dasatinib in CML‐CP: Five‐year follow‐up of the NordCML007 study
Authors: Flygt Hjalmar , Söderlund Stina , Stentoft Jesper , Richter Johan , Koskenvesa Perttu , Mustjoki Satu , Majeed Waleed , Lübking Anna , Dreimane Arta , Markevärn Berit , Stenke Leif , Myhr Eriksson Kristina , Gjertsen Bjørn Tore , Gedde‐Dahl Tobias , Dimitrijevic Andreja , Udby Lene , Olsson‐Strömberg Ulla , Hjorth‐Hansen Henrik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTreatment‐free remission (TFR) has emerged as a treatment goal in chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase (CML‐CP). Attempts to increase proportion of patients achieving TFR include combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and other drugs. Interferon‐α in addition to TKI has shown promising efficacy but with dose‐dependent toxicity and discontinuations. NordCML007 was initiated to study the efficacy and safety of low dose pegylated IFN‐α (PegIFN‐α) in combination with dasatinib (DAS) in CML‐CP.MethodsForty patients with newly diagnosed CML‐CP were given DAS upfront. After month 3 (M3) 15 μg/wk of PegIFN‐α was added and increased to 25 μg/wk from M7 until M15. DAS treatment was continued and adverse events and BCR‐ABL1 qRT‐PCR values were reported yearly after M24. Results from M1 to M18 have previously been published, and here we present long‐term data.ResultsAfter 5 years of follow‐up, there were no suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions, no increase in serosal effusions, no disease progressions and no CML‐related deaths. Rates of MR3.0 (MMR), MR4.0 and MR4.5 were 84.6%, 64.1% and 51.3% respectively at M60, and 95% of patients reached MMR at some point during the study.ConclusionInitial addition of PegIFN‐α to DAS shows good long‐term efficacy without increased toxicity.
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in persons younger than 50 years: A retrospective nationwide cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Kløvgaard Marius , Lynge Thomas H. , Tsiropoulos Ioannis , Uldall Peter V. , Banner Jytte , Winkel Bo G. , Ryvlin Philippe , Tfelt‐Hansen Jacob , Sabers Anne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivePersons with epilepsy have an increased mortality including a high risk of sudden unexplained death (SUD), also referred to as sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). We aimed to evaluate the risk of SUDEP in comparison to other causes of death and the risk of SUD in persons with and without epilepsy.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective population‐based cohort study of all Danish citizens with and without epilepsy aged 1–49 years during 2007–2009. All deaths in the population were evaluated, and all cases of SUD identified. Primary causes of death in persons with epilepsy were evaluated independently by three neurologists and one neuropediatrician, using the unified SUDEP criteria.ResultsThe three most frequent causes of death in persons with epilepsy were cancer (2.38 per 1000 person‐years), SUDEP (1.65 per 1000 person‐years), and pneumonia (1.09 per 1000 person‐years) compared with cancer (.17 per 1000 person‐years), accident‐related deaths (.14 per 1000 person‐years), and cardiovascular disease (.09 per 1000 person‐years) in persons without epilepsy. Considering definite, definite plus, and probable cases, the SUDEP incidence was .27 per 1000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [CI] = .11–.64) in children aged 1–17 years and 1.21 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI = .96–1.51) in adults aged 18–49 years. Adjusted for age and sex, persons with epilepsy younger than 50 years had a 10.8‐fold (95% CI = 9.97–11.64, p < .0001) increased all‐cause mortality and a 34.4‐fold (95% CI = 23.57–50.28, p < .0001) increased risk of SUD compared with persons without epilepsy. SUDEP accounted for 23.3% of all SUD.SignificanceThis nationwide study of all deaths in persons with epilepsy younger than 50 years found a lower SUDEP risk in children compared with adults, and that epilepsy was a major risk factor for SUD in the background population. This underlines the importance of addressing risk factors for SUDEP to prevent premature death.
Anterior nucleus of the thalamus seizure detection in ambulatory humans
Authors: Gregg Nicholas M. , Marks Victoria S. , Sladky Vladimir , Lundstrom Brian N. , Klassen Bryan , Messina Steven A. , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Miller Kai J. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Kremen Vaclav , Worrell Gregory A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is a paucity of data to guide anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) deep brain stimulation (DBS) with brain sensing. The clinical Medtronic Percept DBS device provides constrained brain sensing power within a frequency band (power‐in‐band [PIB]), recorded in 10‐min averaged increments. Here, four patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were implanted with an investigational device providing full bandwidth chronic intracranial electroencephalogram (cEEG) from bilateral ANT and hippocampus (Hc). ANT PIB‐based seizure detection was assessed. Detection parameters were cEEG PIB center frequency, bandwidth, and epoch duration. Performance was evaluated against epileptologist‐confirmed Hc seizures, and assessed by area under the precision‐recall curve (PR‐AUC). Data included 99 days of cEEG, and 20, 278, 3, and 18 Hc seizures for Subjects 1–4. The best detector had 7‐Hz center frequency, 5‐Hz band width, and 10‐s epoch duration (group PR‐AUC = .90), with 75% sensitivity and .38 false alarms per day for Subject 1, and 100% and .0 for Subjects 3 and 4. Hc seizures in Subject 2 did not propagate to ANT. The relative change of ANT PIB was maximal ipsilateral to seizure onset for all detected seizures. Chronic ANT and Hc recordings provide direct guidance for ANT DBS with brain sensing.
Acute abdominal dehiscence following laparotomy: A multicentre, international retrospective study
Authors: Hann Michelle J. , Mair Tim S. , Gardner Alison , Mudge Margaret , Southwood Louise L. , Dechant Julie E. , Barton Michelle H. , Garcia‐Macias Jesus , Parker Russell A. , Hassel Diana , Archer Debbie C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncisional complications are a common cause of morbidity following laparotomy. Although uncommon, acute abdominal dehiscence (AAD) is a potentially fatal post‐operative complication. However, few AAD cases are described in the literature.ObjectivesTo describe common features of cases of AAD following ventral midline laparotomy, management and outcomes.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsHospital records of horses that underwent a ventral midline laparotomy at nine hospitals in the UK, Ireland and USA over a 10‐year period (2009‐2019) were reviewed. Data were collected for pre‐, intra‐ and post‐operative factors that were considered relevant. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 63 cases of AAD were identified. AAD occurred due to tearing of sutures through the linea alba or rupture of the body wall adjacent to the suture line in 46 horses (73%). AAD occurred at a median of 5 days (0.5‐70 days) post‐operatively and broodmares accounted for 25% of the cases (n = 16). Surgical site infection developed prior to AAD in 28 horses (44%); leakage of peritoneal fluid occurred in 5% of horses prior to AAD being identified. Surgical repair was performed in 27 horses (43%), 10 (16%) were treated conservatively and 26 (41%) were euthanised immediately. Repair was most frequently performed using suture (n = 14), wire (n = 5) or a combination (n = 5). Overall survival to hospital discharge was 39% (24/63). Where surgical repair was performed, 15 horses (56%) survived to hospital discharge; 9 horses (90%) managed conservatively survived to hospital discharge.Main limitationsFollow‐up was not performed for all cases following hospital discharge and some data were incompletely recorded in hospital files.ConclusionsPreviously stated causative factors for AAD were not consistent features in the present study. Surgical site infection following laparotomy and pregnant or early post‐partum mares may be important risk factors for AAD and warrant further investigation.
Warming and imidacloprid pulses determine macroinvertebrate community dynamics in experimental streams
Authors: Macaulay Samuel J. , Hageman Kimberly J. , Piggott Jeremy J. , Juvigny‐Khenafou Noël P. D. , Matthaei Christoph D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSustainable management of freshwater and pesticide use is essential for mitigating the impacts of intensive agriculture in the context of a changing climate. To better understand how climate change will affect the vulnerability of freshwater ecosystems to chemical pollutants, more empirical evidence is needed on the combined effects of climatic and chemical stressors in environmentally realistic conditions. Our experiment provides the first empirical evaluation of stream macroinvertebrate community dynamics in response to one of the world's most widely used insecticides, imidacloprid, and increased water temperature. In a 7‐week streamside experiment using 128 flow‐through circular mesocosms, we investigated the effects of pulsed imidacloprid exposure (four environmentally relevant levels between 0 and 4.6 µg/L) and raised water temperature (ambient, 3°C above) on invertebrate communities representative of fast‐ and slow‐flowing microhabitats. Invertebrate drift and insect emergence were monitored during three pesticide pulses (10 days apart), and benthic invertebrate communities were sampled after 24 days of heating and pesticide manipulations. All three manipulated factors strongly affected drift community composition. The first imidacloprid pulse and increased temperature had a greater impact on communities in fast‐flowing mesocosms, which contained more pollution‐sensitive EPT taxa (mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies). Heating and imidacloprid caused increased emigration by drift, weak reductions in emergence, and negatively affected the benthic community. The combined effect of stressor manipulations and a 10‐day natural heatwave drastically reduced relative abundances of EPT and insects overall and caused a shift to oligochaete‐, crustacean‐ and gastropod‐dominated communities. Contrary to our hypothesis, the very high yet realistic water temperatures reached in our experiment meant the negative effects of imidacloprid were clearest at ambient temperatures and fast flow. These findings demonstrate the potential combined impacts of imidacloprid contamination and heatwaves on freshwater invertebrate communities under future climate scenarios and highlight the need for more countries to take regulatory action to control neonicotinoid use.
Not all species will migrate poleward as the climate warms: The case of the seven baobab species in Madagascar
Authors: Tagliari Mario M. , Danthu Pascal , Leong Pock Tsy Jean‐Michel , Cornu Cyrille , Lenoir Jonathan , Carvalho‐Rocha Vítor , Vieilledent Ghislain 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is commonly accepted that species should move toward higher elevations and latitudes to track shifting isotherms as climate warms. However, temperature might not be the only limiting factor determining species distribution. Species might move to opposite directions to track changes in other climatic variables. Here, we used an extensive occurrence data set and an ensemble modelling approach to model the climatic niche and to predict the distribution of the seven baobab species (genus Adansonia) present in Madagascar. Using climatic projections from three global circulation models, we predicted species’ future distribution and extinction risk for 2055 and 2085 under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and two dispersal scenarios. We disentangled the role of each climatic variable in explaining species range shift looking at relative variable importance and future climatic anomalies. Four baobab species (Adansonia rubrostipa, Adansonia madagascariensis, Adansonia perrieri¸ and Adansonia suarezensis) could experience a severe range contraction in the future (>70% for year 2085 under RCP 8.5, assuming a zero‐dispersal hypothesis). For three out of the four threatened species, range contraction was mainly explained by an increase in temperature seasonality, especially in the North of Madagascar, where they are currently distributed. In tropical regions, where species are commonly adapted to low seasonality, we found that temperature seasonality will generally increase. It is, thus, very likely that many species in the tropics will be forced to move equatorward to avoid an increase in temperature seasonality. Yet, several ecological (e.g., equatorial limit, or unsuitable deforested habitat) or geographical barriers (absence of lands) could prevent species to move equatorward, thus increasing the extinction risk of many tropical species, like endemic baobab species in Madagascar.
Messaging about corruption: The power of social norms
Authors: Agerberg Mattias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile commonly deployed in anti‐corruption programs, corruption messaging has shown limited success. I argue that strategies focusing on injunctive norms (what most people approve of) have been underutilized and could be a feasible way of influencing perceptions in a desirable direction. In two studies fielded in Mexico, I first identify a substantial discrepancy between how individuals view the permissibility of corruption and their perceptions of other people's attitudes. In a follow‐up preregistered experiment, I leverage this tension by randomly informing a treatment group about people's strong anti‐corruption attitudes. The results show that the treatment group became significantly more positive with regard to the attitudes of others. Moreover, they report higher interpersonal trust, are less likely view corruption as a basic part of Mexican culture, and show lower willingness to bribe. The study contributes to our understanding of corruption as a social phenomenon and provides insights about how to construct effective anti‐corruption messages.
Gene trapping reveals a new transcriptionally active genome element: The chromosome‐specific clustered trap region
Authors: Takeda Iyo , Araki Masatake , Ishiguro Kei‐ichiro , Ohga Toshinori , Takada Kouki , Yamaguchi Yusuke , Hashimoto Koichi , Kai Takuma , Nakagata Naomi , Imasaka Mai , Yoshinobu Kumiko , Araki Kimi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNearly half of the human genome consists of repetitive sequences such as long interspersed nuclear elements. The relationship between these repeating sequences and diseases has remained unclear. Gene trapping is a useful technique for disrupting a gene and expressing a reporter gene by using the promoter activity of the gene. The analysis of trapped genes revealed a new genome element—the chromosome‐specific clustered trap (CSCT) region. For any examined sequence within this region, an equivalent was found using the BLAT of the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser. CSCT13 mapped to chromosome 13 and contained only three genes. To elucidate its in vivo function, the whole CSCT13 region (1.6 Mbp) was deleted using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in mouse embryonic stem cells, and subsequently, a CSCT13 knockout mouse line was established. The rate of homozygotes was significantly lower than expected according to Mendel's laws. In addition, the number of offspring obtained by mating homozygotes was significantly smaller than that obtained by crossing controls. Furthermore, CSCT13 might have an effect on meiotic homologous recombination. This study identifies a transcriptionally active CSCT with an important role in mouse development.
Ultrasonic scaling in COVID‐era dentistry: A quantitative assessment of aerosol spread during simulated and clinical ultrasonic scaling procedures
Authors: Pierre‐Bez Alexandra C. , Agostini‐Walesch Gina M. , Bradford Smith P. , Hong Qing , Hancock David S. , Davis Megan , Marcelli‐Munk Gina , Mitchell John C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveHealthcare agencies recommend limited use of aerosol‐generating procedures to mitigate disease (COVID‐19) transmission. However, total dispersion patterns of aerosols, particularly respirable droplets, via dental ultrasonic units is unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterize and map total spatter, droplet and aerosol dispersion during ultrasonic scaling in simulated and clinical contexts.MethodsUltrasonic scaling was performed on dental simulation units using methylene blue dye‐stained water. All resultant stain profiles were photoanalysed to calculate droplet size and travel distance/direction. Airborne particle concentrations were also documented 0–1.2 m (0–4ft.) and 1.2–2.4 m (4–8ft.) from patients during in vivo ultrasonic scaling with a saliva ejector.ResultsStain profiles showed droplets between 25 and 50µm in diameter were most common, with smaller droplets closer to the mouth. In‐vivo particle concentrations were uniformly low. The smallest (<1 µm, PM1) and largest (>10 µm, PM10+) particles were most common, especially within 1.2 m (4ft.) of the patient. Respirable particles (PM2.5) were uncommon.ConclusionsTests showed the highest concentration of small droplets in zones nearest the patient. While uncommon, particles were detected up to 2.4 m (8ft.) away. Furthermore, observed particle sizes were consistent with those that can carry infectious agents. Efforts to mitigate the spread of inhalable aerosols should emphasize proximate regions nearest the procedure, including personal protective equipment and the use of evacuation devices.
Review characterization of edible films formulated with sodium alginate and low‐methoxyl pectin in osmotic dehydration applications
Authors: Sotera Edgar Mario , Rodriguez Anabel , Gamboa‐Santos Juliana , Campañone Laura A. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe aim of this work was to evaluate the behaviour of two edible films (sodium alginate and low‐methoxyl pectin) under different osmotic conditions (solutions: sucrose, glucose syrup and maltodextrin; concentrations: 40 °Brix and 60 °Brix; temperature 40 °C and processing times: 0.5, 1 and 2 h). From the experimental water loss and solid uptake kinetics, effective diffusion coefficients and the dehydration performance ratio were obtained. The microstructural characteristics of the osmodehydrated films were also analysed using pear as a food matrix. The results showed that films osmodehydrated with maltodextrin and glucose syrup solutions presented higher dehydration performance ratio values than those osmodehydrated with sucrose. A reduction in the thicknesses of edible coatings was observed. The best formulation was sodium alginate 2% and calcium lactate 5% according to the microstructural analysis and structural integrity for at least up to 16 h of osmotic dehydration.
Modeling the relaxation and crystallization kinetics of glass without fictive temperature: Toy landscape approach
Authors: Wilkinson Collin J. , Mauro John C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRelaxation and crystallization are key kinetic processes that must be understood to build a comprehensive understanding of the supercooled liquid and glassy states. Traditional approaches have been unable to capture the underlying physics accurately due to assumptions about phenomenological order parameters such as fictive temperature. In this work, we show that glass relaxation can be accurately modeled through a simplified “toy” enthalpy landscape approach, bypassing the use of fictive temperature. Moreover, the same simplified enthalpy landscape provides insights into the thermodynamics and kinetics of crystallization. The toy landscape approach recovers key predictions from the traditional fictive temperature description, but it is based on a more accurate physical framework, giving fundamental knowledge of the glass relaxation and crystallization processes.