bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organoleptic Test Formulation of Gel Hand Sanitizer Extract Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus)
Authors: Qodri Udrika Lailatul , Lutfiah La’iqotul 
Published: November 2021

Hand sanitizer preparation circulating in the market generally contain alcohol with various concentrations. Continous use of hand sanitizers that contain alcohol will irritate the skin. So that hand sanitizer is needed by using natural ingredients as active ingredients. One of the natural ingredients that can be used is Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus). The purpose of this study was to determine the results of the organoletic test for hand sanitizer gel formulations of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus). This organoleptic test consists of observing odor, color, measuring pH, homogeneity and viscosity. Citronella extract was obtained by distillation method. The results of the organoleptic test in this study were the preparation with a distinctive smell of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), colorless, and homogeneous hand sanitizer gel preparation was obtained. The pH value of 5 indicates that the hand sanitizer gel preparation is safe touse, because it is still included in the skin’s pH range of 4,5-6,5. Measurement of viscosity using a viscometer tester, the value of viscosity is 100 dPas.
ABSTRAK

Sediaan hand sanitizer yang beredar dipasaran umumnya mengandung alkohol dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Penggunaan hand sanitizer yang mengandung alkohol secara terus menerus akan menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit. Sehingga dibutuhkan hand sanitizer dengan menggunkan bahan alami sebagai bahan aktif. Salah satu bahan alami yang dapat digunakan adalah sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hasil Uji organoleptis formulasi sediaan gel hand sanitizer ekstrak sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus). Uji organoleptis ini berupa pengamatan bau, warna, pengukuran pH, homogenitas dan viskositas. Ekstrak sereh wangi diperoleh dengan metode destilasi. Hasil uji organoleptis pada penelitian ini yaitu sediaan berbau khas sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus), tidak berwarna, dan diperoleh sediaan gel hand sanitizer yang homogen. Nilai pH 5 yang menunjukkan bahwa sediaan gel hand sanitizer aman digunakan, karena masih termasuk dalam pH kulit yang berkisar 4,5-6,5. Pengukuran viskositas menggunakan alat viscometer tester, nilai viskositas atau kekentalan yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 100 dPas.
Introduction
Authors: Lenart Mirosław , Marchel Sławomir , Smołucha Janusz 
Published: November 2021

The graphic design of this issue of The Ignatianum Philosophical Year- book front cover includes the entrance gate to the Wawel Royal Castle in Krakow. The gate itself is transformed into a triumphal arch opening towards the road recognizable to every person who feels a bond with the cultural heritage of the Western world. This road is the via Appia, once built by the will of Appius Claudius Caecus, and considered one of the oldest Roman tracts. Called “the queen of all roads” by the Romans them- selves, it is inseparable from the Eternal City for everyone raised on the values of Western civilization. Mikołaj Sęp-Szarzyński wrote about it in his famous epitaph: “today in Rome defeated, Rome invincible,” express- ing this way the overwhelming awareness of connecting the past with what we experience as the present. It was on this road that the legendary scene recalled by Henryk Sienkiewicz took place, in which the question: quo vadis, Domine? is asked by the apostle Peter, fleeing from the Eternal City, to Christ he meets on the Appian Way. The power of this question is understood by anyone who is able to see in the roots of Classical and Christian culture all that is the most important for the Western culture not only in terms of its past, but also in terms of its future.
INDIVIDUAL PREVENTION OF ESCAPES FROM SETTLEMENT COLONIES
Authors: Рудаев Василий Алексеевич 
Published: November 2021

В статье анализируются правовые и организационные аспекты профилактики побегов из колоний-поселений. Автор акцентирует внимание на недостатках и трудностях в обеспечении контроля и надзора за осужденными-поселенцами. Это связано с тем, что нормы пенитенциарного законодательства наделяют осужденных значительным объемом льгот в период отбывания наказания в колониях-поселениях. Отсутствие вооруженной охраны, наличный оборот денежных средств, свобода передвижения по территории колонии, использование труда осужденных на отдельных объектах в пределах субъекта Российской Федерации по месту дислокации учреждения обуславливают невозможность обеспечения должного надзора. В указанных условиях традиционные формы надзора и контроля мало результативны. Автор аргументирует эффективность использования инновационных технических средств контроля и надзора за осужденными, содержащимися в колониях-поселениях, для профилактики побегов. Однако данный вид контроля невозможно осуществлять без внесения изменений в законодательство. На основании изучения нормативной базы, регламентирующей индивидуальную профилактику правонарушений в пенитенциарных учреждениях, а также рекомендаций практических работников, автор делает вывод, что действующие нормы не отвечает современным реалиям. Автор обосновывает расширение круга подучетных лиц, с одновременным увеличением юридического значения профилактического учета посредством закрепления возможности использования технических средств контроля и надзора за ними.
The article analyzes the legal and organizational aspects of the prevention of escapes from the settlement colonies. The author focuses on the shortcomings and difficulties in the government of control and supervision over convicted settlers. This is due to the fact that the norms of the penitentiary legislation endow convicts with a significant amount of benefits during the period of serving their sentences in settlement colonies. The lack of armed guards, cash circulation of funds, freedom of movement across the territory, the use of convicts' labor at certain facilities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation at the location of the institution make it impossible to ensure proper supervision. Under these conditions, the forms of supervision and control are not very effective. The author argues the effectiveness of the use of innovative technical means of control and supervision over convicts held in settlement colonies for the prevention of escapes. However, this type of control cannot be carried out without amending the legislation. Based on the regulatory framework governing the individual prevention of offenses in penitentiary institutions, as well as the recommendations of practitioners, the author concludes that the current application of the measure does not correspond to modern realities. Use of technical means of preventive control over them.
PROBLEMS OF CHOOSING THE RUSSIAN MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL STATE
Authors: Чупилкина Айгуль Фаридовна , Буравов Илья Сергеевич 
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена изучению проблем российской модели социального государства и его развития. На сегодняшний день выбор правильной стратегии социальной политики является важнейшей задачей для ряда государств, поскольку ошибки в этой сфере деятельности государства могут привести к социальным волнениям не только в кризисные, но и в стабильные периоды. Есть потребность в комплексном рассмотрении проблемы и выявлении тенденций в данной сфере. Россия на конституционном уровне провозглашает себя социальным государством, но в то же время с определенной периодичностью мы сталкиваемся с решениями государственных органов, которые можно считать спорными с точки зрения положений Конституции РФ о социальном государстве. В связи с вышесказанным, мы приходим к выводу, что российскому законодательству в виде правовых норм различного уровня необходимо выработать единую социальную стратегию, которая должна соответствовать ряду критериев. Среди них важно выделить: четкость и конкретность желаемых результатов, реалистичность задач и их важность для общества, сроки их достижения. Следует также отметить необходимость привлечения к разработке целей, показателей эффективности концепции, мер социальных гарантий представителей различных общественных наук.
The article is devoted to the study of the problems of the Russian model of the social state and its development. To this date, the choice of the right strategy of social policy is the most important task for a number of states, because mistakes in this area of state activity can lead to social unrest not only in crisis periods, but also in stable periods. There is a need for a comprehensive review of the problem and identification of trends in this area. Russia at the constitutional level proclaims itself a social state, but at the same time with a certain periodicity we are faced with decisions of state bodies which can be considered disputable from the point of view of provisions of the Russian Federation Constitution on a social state. In connection with the above, we come to the conclusion that the Russian legislation in the form of legal norms of different levels needs to develop a unified social strategy, which must meet a number of criteria. Among them it is important to highlight: the clarity and specificity of the desired results, the realism of objectives and their importance for society, the timing of their achievement. And in the development of goals, performance indicators of the concept, measures of social guarantees it is necessary to involve representatives of various social sciences.
Biomass and mortmass of woody vegetation in metal-contaminated areas (Southern Urals, Russia)
Authors: Bergman Igor , Nesterkov Alexey 
Published: November 2021

Since the mid-2000s, long-term monitoring of various components of natural ecosystems under conditions of industrial pollution has been carried out in the Southern Urals. As a part of these monitoring programmes, the data on various components of biota in different biotopes, collected with different methods and in different time intervals, continue to be gathered. In addition, data collected through these monitoring programmes can also be used to study the local biodiversity of non-polluted areas.
In 2012, in the vicinity of the Karabash Copper Smelter, a study of communities of small mammals was carried out, considering the heterogeneity of their habitats. Within the framework of this project, we presented a detailed description of the state of woody vegetation in the study area.
The dataset (available from the GBIF network at https://www.gbif.org/dataset/61384edd-2d0a-437b-8cf0-ff4d2dfcc0da) includes the results of an assessment of the woody vegetation biomass at seven habitats (pine, birch and floodplain forests, reed swamp, sparse birch stand, marshy meadow and dump of household waste) of areas with different levels of industrial pollution in the vicinities of the Karabash, the Southern Urals. Karabash Copper Smelter (KCS) is one of Russia’s most significant point polluters; the main components of its emissions are heavy metals, dust and sulphur dioxide. Parameters of woody vegetation (diameter at breast height, diameter at root collar level and biomass) were estimated for seven forest elements (forest stand, subcanopy (undergrowth and underwood), half-dead tree of a forest stand and four types of coarse woody debris (downed bole, fragment of downed bole, standing dead tree and stump)) at 41 sampling plots (20 at unpolluted and 21 at polluted areas) and 165 subplots (81 and 84, respectively). The dataset includes 411 sampling events (estimation events of the forest elements at sampling plots and subplots), corresponding to 5786 occurrences (estimations of the woody vegetation components) observed during July 2012. For most woody vegetation components (72%), an estimate of the above-ground phytomass is given. For each sampling event, information on the presence or absence of woody vegetation species at the considered habitats is provided (a total of 1479 occurrences with status "absent"). The dataset can be used for environmental monitoring, sustainable forest management, modelling forest productivity considering global changes, studying the structure and biodiversity of forest cover and assessing forests’ carbon-sequestration capacity. In addition, the dataset provides information about different forest ecosystems under the influence of strong industrial pollution.
Comparison of hemodynamic changes and serum potassium levels in the use of succinylcholine and cisatracurium in electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Nazemroaya Behzad , Ghosouri Atefeh , Honarmand Azim , Hashemi Seyed Taghi 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is nowadays used commonly as one the most effective treatment methods in psychiatric disorders. In patients undergoing ECT, succinylcholine is usually used. In addition, cisatracurium is occasionally used on a case report basis globally. In this study, we compared the hemodynamic changes and serum potassium levels in the use of succinylcholine and cisatracurium in ECT.

Materials and Methods:
The current crossover clinical trial was performed on 45 patients who were candidates for ECT between 2017 and 2018. The patients were given succinylcholine or cisatracurium randomly on two separate occasions of ECT. The independent t-test and Chi square Test were used to compare the data.

Results:
Comparison of mean systolic blood pressure (P = 0.14), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.33), and mean arterial pressure (P = 0.23) did not show any significant difference between the two groups. The induced seizure duration (P = 0.002), return of spontaneous respiratory from seizure ending (P = 0.001), and apnea duration (P = 0.01) were significantly higher in the cisatracurium group compared to the succinylcholine group. However, the frequency of tachycardia in cisatracurium group was lower than the succinylcholine group (P < 0.001). In addition, the serum potassium level had a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Using cisatracurium can be an alternative to succinylcholine during ECT since it causes less elevation in serum potassium and creates a longer duration of induced seizure, more rapid re emergence of spontaneous breathing at the end of seizure (P = 0.001), and a lower prevalence of tachycardia compared to succinylcholine (P < 0.001).
Intimate Partner Violence among Obstetric Population at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Sulaiman Bilal , Omonua Kate Ifeoma , Opadiran Oluwatunmobi Rachel , Yabagi Aliyu Isah 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) did not spare pregnant women despite their physiological and anatomical changes in pregnancy. The epidemiology and outcomes of IPV change with time in the society.

Study Objectives:
The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with IPV among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic.

Settings and Design:
This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study conducted at the Antenatal Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:
This study involved 403 pregnant women. The Hurt, Insult, Threaten and Scream (HITS) questionnaire was used to collect information and data recorded and analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-squared, Fisher's test and logistic regression) were used. Level of significance was set atP< 0.05.

Results:
The prevalence of IPV in pregnancy was 56.3% and the modal score was 4. About 11.9% of the women had a positive (severe) HITS score while 38.4% of the women experienced insult as the most common form of violence. There was a statistically significant association between the level of the score and marriage settings (P < 0.001), education of the woman (P < 0.001), education status of the husband (P < 0.001), occupation of the woman (P < 0.001), occupation of the husband (P < 0.001) and social habit of the husband (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of IPV was high from this study. Improvement in education status of the husband and employment status of both the wife and the husband can significantly affect violence against women positively in our society.
Pattern of ocular manifestations and the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in tears of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients
Authors: Sehgal Gaurang , Bal Prempal , Bal Bhavkaran , Chopra Riya 
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARSCoV2) can affect eyes in various forms. Furthermore, ocular surface can act as potential port of entry and ocular secretions as possible route of transmission of SARSCoV2. The aims of the study are to identify ocular manifestation in confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) patients and to evaluate conjunctival secretions as the possible route of transmission of this disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A prospective, populationbased, observational study was done. Ocular symptoms and signs of every hospitalized patient with SARSCoV2 infection between September 15, 2020, and November 15, 2020, were recorded. Tear samples of the first 60 participants (30 each of patients with severe and moderate illness, can be removed) with ocular manifestations were selected for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science Software (SPSS) program, version 23. When comparing mean values, ttest was used otherwise Chisquare test.

RESULTS:
Out of 804 admitted patients during study period, 309 (38.4%) patients were identified with ocular manifestations, out of which 78% (241) had conjunctival hyperemia, 65.6% (203) had follicular reaction in palpebral conjunctiva, 58% (180) had chemosis, and 58% (99) had discharge and 18.4% (57) complained of burning in their eyes. Mean duration from systemic manifestation to onset of ocular symptoms was 4.52 ± 1.47 days while 8 patients (1%) had conjunctivitis as the presenting symptom. SARSCoV2 was detected in 18.3% patients (11 out of 60) using RTPCR.

CONCLUSION:
The presence of SARSCoV2 in ocular secretions of patients with ocular manifestations suggests that COVID19infected patients with ocular manifestations should wear protective glasses to prevent secretions contamination to healthy persons.
Pilot of a Low-Cost Elementary School Handwashing Intervention in Bangladesh: Acceptability, Feasibility, and Potential for Sustainability
Authors: Sultana Farhana , Unicomb Leanne , Rahman Mahbubur , Ali Shahjahan , Southern Dorothy L. , Yeasmin Dalia , Sarkar Rouha Anamika , Das Kishor K. , Nizame Fosiul Alam , Winch Peter J. , Luby Stephen P. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
Schoolchildren frequently transmit respiratory and gastrointestinal infections because of dense person-to-person contact in schools. We piloted a low-cost handwashing intervention among elementary schoolchildren in Bangladesh. We trained teachers to lead behavior change communication sessions using flipcharts to encourage students’ handwashing before eating, after defecating, and after cleaning school toilets; provided handwashing stations (reservoirs with taps and stool + basin + soapy water solution [mix of 30 gm detergent with 1.5 L water] + pump top bottle with steel holder); and formed hygiene committees for maintenance and covering the recurrent cost of detergent. We evaluated intervention acceptability, feasibility, and potential for sustainability at 1 and 14 months after the intervention. At baseline, of 300 before eating events, no one washed hands with soap, and 99.7% (299) did not wash hands at all as soap was unavailable. Out of 269 after toileting events, 0.7% (2) washed hands with soap, and 88% (237) did not wash hands. After 4 weeks of the intervention, 45% (87/195 before eating events), 83% (155/186 after toileting events), and 100% (15/15 after cleaning toilet events) washed both hands with soapy water as children found it accessible, low cost, and child friendly. After 14 months, 9.4% (55/586 before eating events) and 37% (172/465 after toileting events) washed both hands with soapy water for health benefits. The intervention was acceptable and feasible; it overcame limited access to soap and water and was affordable as schools covered the recurrent costs of detergent. Further research should explore long-term habit adoption and impact on health and attendance.
Ruminant-Related Risk Factors are Associated with Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Infection in Children in Southern Ghana
Authors: Lambrecht Nathalie J. , Wilson Mark L. , Bridges Dave , Eisenberg Joseph N. S. , Adu Bright , Baylin Ana , Folson Gloria , Jones Andrew D. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
Livestock can provide benefits to low-income households, yet may expose children to zoonotic enteropathogens that cause illness and negative long-term health outcomes. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether livestock-related risk factors, including animal ownership, exposure to animal feces, and consumption of animal-source foods, were associated with bacterial zoonotic enteropathogen infections in children 6–59 months old in Greater Accra, Ghana. Stool samples from 259 children and 156 household chickens were analyzed for atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC), Campylobacter jejuni/coli (C. jejuni/coli), Salmonella, and Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). aEPEC, C. jejuni/coli, STEC, and Salmonella were detected in 45.6%, 11.6%, 4.3%, and 0.8% of children’s stool samples, respectively. In adjusted logistic regression models, household ownership of goats or sheep was associated with STEC detection in children (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 4.30 [1.32, 14.08]), as were positive detection of STEC in chicken feces (7.85 [2.54, 24.30]) and frequent consumption of fresh cow’s milk (3.03 [1.75, 5.24]). No livestock-related risk factors were associated with aEPEC or C. jejuni/coli infection in children. Our findings suggest that ruminant ownership in southern Ghana may expose children to STEC through household fecal contamination and foodborne routes. The lack of association between livestock risk factors and the more commonly detected pathogens, aEPEC and C. jejuni/coli, warrants further research, particularly to help explain how animal-keeping and sanitation practices affect transmission of fecal pathogens that were highly prevalent in chicken feces.