bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Others Requires Right Temporoparietal and Inferior Frontal Regions
Authors: Schnur Tatiana T. , Ding Junhua , Blake Margaret 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe human ability to infer other people’s knowledge and beliefs, known as ‘theory of mind’, is an essential component of social interactions. Theory of mind tasks activate frontal and temporoparietal regions of cortex in fMRI studies. However, it is unknown whether these regions are critical. We examined this question using multivariate voxel-based lesion symptom mapping in 22 patients with acute right hemisphere brain damage. Studies of acute patients eliminate questions of recovery and reorganization that plague long-term studies of lesioned patients. Damage to temporoparietal and inferior frontal regions impaired thinking about others’ perspectives. This impairment held even after adjustment for overall extent of brain damage and language comprehension, memory, comprehension, and attention abilities. These results provide evidence that right temporoparietal and inferior frontal regions are necessary for the human ability to reason about the knowledge and beliefs of others.
Coagulation factors directly cleave SARS-CoV-2 spike and enhance viral entry
Authors: Kastenhuber Edward R. , Jaimes Javier A. , Johnson Jared L. , Mercadante Marisa , Muecksch Frauke , Weisblum Yiska , Bram Yaron , Schwartz Robert E. , Whittaker Gary R. , Cantley Lewis C. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryCoagulopathy is a significant aspect of morbidity in COVID-19 patients. The clotting cascade is propagated by a series of proteases, including factor Xa and thrombin. While certain host proteases, including TMPRSS2 and furin, are known to be important for cleavage activation of SARS-CoV-2 spike to promote viral entry in the respiratory tract, other proteases may also contribute. Using biochemical and cell-based assays, we demonstrate that factor Xa and thrombin can also directly cleave SARS-CoV-2 spike, enhancing viral entry. A drug-repurposing screen identified a subset of protease inhibitors that promiscuously inhibited spike cleavage by both transmembrane serine proteases as well as coagulation factors. The mechanism of the protease inhibitors nafamostat and camostat may extend beyond inhibition of TMPRSS2 to coagulation-induced spike cleavage. Anticoagulation is critical in the management of COVID-19, and early intervention could provide collateral benefit by suppressing SARS-CoV-2 viral entry. We propose a model of positive feedback whereby infection-induced hypercoagulation exacerbates SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.
Density dependent interactions during growth mask the effect of interactions during flowering in pollinator-sharing annual plants
Authors: James Aubrie R. M. , Geber Monica A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDensity dependent interactions are fundamental to community ecology, but studies often reduce the complex nature of species interactions. In plant ecology, interactions during vegetative growth and flowering are often considered separately, though both can affect reproductive output. Here we use communities of annual flowering plants in the genusClarkiato ask how interactions during growth and flowering contribute to density dependence in plant seed production, and if pollinator behaviors explain apparent patterns in plant interactions during flowering. We measure seed set (seed number per ovule) and total fecundity (whole-plant seed production) ofClarkiafocal plants in experimental interaction plots with the effect of pollinators experimentally removed through supplemental pollination or retained. We also observe pollinator behaviors in the plots and experimental arrays to document pollinator preference, constancy and joint attraction. During flowering, pollinators significantly changed the density dependent effects ofClarkiainteractions on seed set in 31% of species interactions, and these changes corresponded to pollinator behaviors. Total fecundity, however, did not depend on interactions betweenClarkia; instead, earlier-flowering, non-Clarkiaforbs limited total fecundity. Our study shows that interactions during vegetative growth can preclude the effect of pollinator- mediated interactions on fecundity by limiting potential reproductive output. Simultaneously studying different types of species interactions allows for understanding the contingency of ecological outcomes.
Screening of HLA-A restricted T cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 and induction of CD8+ T cell responses in HLA-A transgenic mice
Authors: Jin Xiaoxiao , Ding Yan , Sun Shihui , Wang Xinyi , Zhou Zining , Liu Xiaotao , Li Miaomiao , Chen Xian , Shen Anran , Wu Yandan , Liu Bicheng , Zhang Jianqiong , Li Jian , Yang Yi , Qiu Haibo , Shen Chuanlai , He Yuxian , Zhao Guangyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells have been characterized to play essential roles in host immune protection in COVID-19 patients, few researches focus on the functional validation of T cell epitopes and development of vaccines inducing specific T cell responses. In this study, 120 CD8+ T cell epitopes from E, M, N, S and RdRp proteins were validated. Among them, 110 epitopes have not been reported previously; 110, 15, 6, 14 and 12 epitopes were highly homologous with SARS-CoV, OC43, NL63, HKU1, and 229E, respectively; 4 epitopes from S protein displayed one amino acid distinct from the current variants of SARS-CoV-2. Thirty-one epitopes restricted by HLA-A2 molecule were used to generate peptide cocktail vaccines in combination with Poly(I:C), R848 or polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles, which elicited robust specific CD8+ T cell responses in wild-type and HLA-A2/DR1 transgenic mice. Seven of the 31 epitopes were found to be cross-presented by HLA-A2 and H-2K/Db molecules. Unlike previous researches, this study established a modified cell co-culture system of DC-peptide-PBL using healthy donor’s PBMCs to validate the CD8+ T cell epitope on-silicon predicted; provided a library of CD8+ T cell epitopes restricted by a series of high-frequency HLA-A allotypes which covering broad Asian populations; identified the HLA-A cross-restrictions of these CD8+ T cell epitopes using competitive binding experiments with HMy2.CIR cell lines expressing indicated HLA-A molecules; and initially confirmed the in vivo feasibility of 9 or 10-mer peptide cocktail vaccines of SARS-CoV2. These data will facilitate the development of vaccines inducing antiviral CD8+ T cell responses.
Much- needed business digital transformation through big data, internet of things and blockchain capabilities: implications for strategic performance in telecommunication sector
Authors: Bhatti Anam , Malik Haider , Kamal Ahtisham Zahid , Aamir Alamzeb , Alaali Lamya Abdulrahman , Ullah Zahir 
Published: April 2021

PurposeIn the field of business, digital transformation is the integration of digital technology into all areas of business, from generating to deliver value to customers. This concept is essential for sustainable growth of a company and its overall economy. Based on this fact, this authentic and informative research is conducted whose major aim is to examine the importance of digital transformation within a business through big data, the Internet of things and blockchain-based capabilities for overall strategic performance within the telecom sector in China.Design/methodology/approachFor that aim, data quality and technology competence are considered as independent variables, strategic performance as dependent variable and big data analytics capabilities, Internet of things capabilities and blockchain capabilities routinization acted as mediators within this paper. In its data collection mechanism, an online survey was conducted in which questionnaires are randomly distributed to the telecom sector's professionals in which only 343 of them gave their valid outcomes. After collecting primary data, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM)–based statistical outcomes have been generated.FindingsResults indicate that there is a significant relationship between data quality and strategic performance and between technological competence and strategic performance. Also, the big data analytics and Internet of Things capabilities acted as significant mediating role between both independent and dependent variables. But blockchain capabilities routinization is that variable that acts as an insignificant mediator between independent and dependent variables' relationship.Originality/valueOverall, this study is an informative and attractive source for the Chinese government, its telecom industry, administrative body and related ones to understand the importance of such IT capabilities' implications within their operating activities for their strategic performance management. Also, related field scholars can utilize its reliable data in their research analysis. Its major limitations are (1) lack of qualitative/ mixed method of research and (2) lack of comparative analysis that may impact the acceptability factor of this paper, and this weakness can be overcome by upcoming scholars in their research.
The impact of monetary policy on income inequality: evidence from Eurozone markets
Authors: Liosi Konstantina , Spyrou Spyros 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThis study examines the impact of monetary policy on income inequality in Eurozone countries for the period between 2005 and 2017.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use regression analysis, panel vector autoregression (PVAR) analysis and impulse response functions, in order to examine the impact of monetary policy on income inequality in Eurozone countries.FindingsThis study examines the impact of monetary policy on income inequality in Eurozone countries for the period between 2005 and 2017. The results indicate that, on average, monetary policy tends to increase income inequality. A closer examination indicates that for Ireland, Germany and the Netherlands monetary policy has no impact on income inequality or a weak impact (France), while for Spain, Portugal, Greece and Italy the impact is more pronounced. PVAR analysis and impulse response functions further indicate that female income inequality responds more significantly to monetary policy.Originality/valueIn contrast to previous studies the authors estimate separate models for males, females and the total population to evaluate whether gender is an important factor. Furthermore, the authors use two proxies for monetary policy: the shadow rate (SR) and the total assets (TAs) of the central bank.
Effects of social robots on depressive symptoms in older adults: a scoping review
Authors: Araujo Bruno Sanchez de , Fantinato Marcelo , Marques Peres Sarajane , Melo Ruth Caldeira de , Batistoni Samila Sathler Tavares , Cachioni Meire , Hung Patrick C.K. 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThis review scopes evidence on the use of social robots for older adults with depressive symptoms, in the scenario of smart cities, analyzing the age-related depression specificities, investigated contexts and intervention protocols' features.Design/methodology/approachStudies retrieved from two major databases were selected against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were included if used social robots, included older adults over 60, and reported depressive symptoms measurements, with any type of research design. Papers not published in English, published as an abstract or study protocol, or not peer-reviewed were excluded.Findings28 relevant studies were included, in which PARO was the most used robot. Most studies included very older adults with neurocognitive disorders living in long-term care facilities. The intervention protocols were heterogeneous regarding the duration, session duration and frequency. Only 35.6% of the studies had a control group. Finally, only 32.1% of the studies showed a significant improvement in depression symptoms.Originality/valueDespite the potential for using social robots in mental health interventions, in the scenario of smart cities, this review showed that their usefulness and effects in improving depressive symptoms in older adults have low internal and external validity. Future studies should consider factors as planning the intervention based on well-established supported therapies, characteristics and needs of the subjects, and the context in which the subjects are inserted.
Career adaptability, job crafting and subjective career success: the moderating roles of lone wolf personality and positive perfectionism
Authors: Kundi Yasir Mansoor , Hollet-Haudebert Sandrine , Peterson Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

PurposeUsing career construction theory, the authors empirically examine the mechanism by which career adaptability promotes employee subjective career success (career satisfaction and career commitment) through job crafting.Design/methodology/approachA moderated mediation model is tested using survey data from 324 full-time business professionals in France. Hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).Findingshe authors found that job crafting mediated the relationship between career adaptability and subjective career success (career satisfaction and career commitment). The positive effect of career adaptability on job crafting was greater under higher levels of lone wolf personality and positive perfectionism, as was the indirect effect of career adaptability on subjective career success via job crafting.Research limitations/implicationsdata are cross-sectional in nature. Robust theoretical contentions and affective means of identifying common method variance (CMV) are addressed and evaluated.Practical implicationsHigh levels of career adaptability may be a useful strategy for promoting employee job crafting and subjective career success. In addition, individuals with lone wolf personality and positive perfectionism should be given opportunities to craft their jobs in the workplace.Originality/valueThis research confirms a moderated mediation model positioning job crafting as a mediator of career adaptability's effects on employee subjective career success and lone wolf and positive perfectionism as moderators of such effects. This study suggests that job crafting and career-focused personality traits are important factors that influence the relationship between career adaptability and subjective career success.
A joint imaging method of vertical seismic profiling data by generalized radon transform migration
Authors: Li Wuqun , Mao Weijian , Li Jianguo , Liang Quan , Fang Jian 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe images produced by conventional vertical seismic profile imaging methods often suffer from the problems of illumination limitation and uncompleted wavefield separation. In this paper, we give a deep insight into the illumination behaviours of the upgoing primary and downgoing multiple signals and illustrate their merits and demerits in illuminating the subsurface structure around the well trajectory. Based on this, we develop an efficient joint imaging method of acoustic vertical seismic profile data based on the generalized Radon transform migration inversion theory. By analysing the interference characteristics of the primary and multiple reflections, we verify the capability of this method that can handle the joint imaging directly. The proposed method combines the advantages of primary and multiple contributions to the subsurface image without additional wavefield separation. The numerical results of synthetic data and field data demonstrate high‐quality construction of the structure in the vicinity of the borehole, also away from the well trajectory.
Conflicting experiences of health and habitus in a poor urban neighbourhood: A Bourdieusian ethnography
Authors: Scott‐Arthur Tom , Brown Brian , Saukko Paula 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn ethnographic study of health and wellbeing was undertaken in a deprived urban neighbourhood in the UK Midlands. Drawing on Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, capital and field, we discerned three different, even conflicting, ways of understanding and acting on health: (i) older adults discussed their wellbeing in relation to the local context or field, walking the dog, helping at the community centre and visiting the off licence, (ii) young professionals and students who lived in the neighbourhood were oriented towards leisure facilities, career opportunities and supermarkets outside of the neighbourhood, disdaining local facilities and (iii) community activists and carers discussed health in terms of providing for others but not themselves. Bourdieu is frequently used in medical sociology to highlight how poor people's lifestyle is constrained by their habitus; we suggest paying more attention to its both enabling and differentiating contradictions as well as the constraints it entails. Empirically and in terms of health promotion findings suggest that supposedly healthy activities, such as going to the gym, may also be a means of rejecting the local community; similarly, older people's pottering about in the neighbourhood, which is not usually recognised as a healthy activity, may enhance wellbeing in this context.
Deadly secret: situating the unknowing and knowing of the source of the Ebola epidemic in Northern Uganda
Authors: Park Sung‐Joon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article critically examines the unknowing of the source of the Ebola epidemic in Northern Uganda, in 2000/1, by asking how this unknowing has been achieved and has shaped the disease situation. Specifically, this article follows my informants’ explanation that soldiers of the Uganda People's Defence Force had brought the disease from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Uganda. This account is widely rejected as a rumour by scientists, who insist that the source of the epidemic remains unknown. By contrast, I suggest that following these stories, as embodied experiences of the multiple connections between war and epidemics, human and nonhuman lives, provides crucial insights into the political ecology of Ebola in the wider region – a region where, even today, conflict and Ebola outbreaks are intricately interwoven. Understanding how unknowing is achieved and shapes a disease situation directs attention to forms of silent knowing, which illuminate what preparedness means in the political ecology of Ebola.
Beyond the senses: perception, the environment, and vision impairment
Authors: Petty Karis Jade 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ‘sensory turn’ in anthropology has generated a significant literature on sensory perception and experience. Whilst much of this literature is critical of the compartmentalization of particular ‘senses’, there has been limited exploration of how anthropologists might examine sensory perception beyond ‘the senses’. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with people who have impaired vision walking the South Downs landscape in England, this article develops such an approach. It suggests that the experiences of seeing in blindness challenge the conceptualization of ‘vision’ (and ‘non‐vision’). In place of ‘vision’ (as a sense), the article explores ‘activities of seeing’ – an approach that contextualizes the visual to examine the biographically constituted and idiosyncratic nature of perception within an environment. Through an ethnography of seeing with anatomical eyes and ‘seeing in the mind's eye’, it articulates an approach that avoids associating perception with anatomy, or compartmentalizing experience into ‘senses’.
A sacred social: Christian relationalism and the re‐enchantment of the world
Authors: Itzhak Nofit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article intervenes in an ongoing debate as to whether or not Christianity introduces individualism into the lives of its converts. Drawing on an ethnographic account of Emmanuel, a French Catholic Charismatic community, it demonstrates that, counter to the argument that in social cases where Christianity is central, individualism emerges as a prominent value, in some cases it is relationalism that shapes Christian ethical aspirations. I argue that differences observed across contexts in expressions of value and configuration of personhood may be the result of the varied manners in which divine presence is experienced and understood to inhabit the world across Christian communities. Bringing God into the centre of ethnographic analysis in accounting for these differences broadens the debate's comparative reach, while underscoring the manner in which divine agency shapes the ethical aspirations of religious persons and their orientations to social others. Considering the ethical and political implications that one's orientation to the social can have, further investigation is called for into the manner in which the divine is experienced and invoked in social and ritual life.
The development and validation of the Teachers' Self‐Efficacy Beliefs for Literacy Instruction in the 21st Century (TBLI21c) scale: a pilot study
Authors: Ciampa Katia , Gallagher Tiffany 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThis study presents the findings of the first administration of a revised Teachers' Sense of Efficacy for Literacy Instruction (TSELI) scale that reflects the changing landscape of 21st‐century literacy instruction. Items include such aspects as reading, writing, viewing, listening, communicating using visual, audible and digital materials, vocabulary, comprehension strategies, motivation, differentiated instruction, assessment, diversity culturally responsive teaching and professional literacy learning and leadership.MethodsThe survey was reviewed by a panel of seven experts in the field of reading and literacy instruction for content, construct and face validity and then field tested with 12 graduate students to assess the clarity of item wording and instructions, appropriateness of the response scale and ease of administration. The survey was then administered to 476 teacher candidates in two countries.ResultsThe survey demonstrated moderate inter‐rater reliability (0.62) and very high internal reliability (0.95). The 42 items were factor analysed, which demonstrated construct validity and provided an eight‐factor scale. Teacher candidates reported having higher self‐efficacy regarding 21st‐century competencies and lower self‐efficacy in early literacy skills.ConclusionsThe findings revealed in this paper underscore the importance of measuring pre‐service and in‐service teacher efficacy for literacy instruction as it relates to contemporary 21st‐century literacies, given that the methods and tools addressed in the Teachers' Self‐Efficacy Beliefs for Literacy Instruction in the 21st Century (TBLI21c) scale are not reflected in previous literacy self‐efficacy instruments, such as reading, writing, viewing, listening, communicating using visual, audible and digital materials, comprehension strategies, motivation, differentiated instruction, diversity, assessment and professional literacy learning and leadership. Results suggest that the TBLI21c scale could be a reliable and useful tool to measure in‐service and pre‐service teacher efficacy for literacy instruction in the 21st century.