bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot-scale Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste: Evaluation on the Stability, Methane Production, and Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Fadzil Farizah , Fadzil Farihah , Norazman Amir Fahim , Seswoya Roslinda 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Food waste was massively disposed at landfills daily, and this method is no longer effective in managing waste due to the limited space and environmental issues. An alternative solution was explored in managing the food waste, and anaerobic digestion serve as the best solution. Food waste was digested anaerobically in a lab-scale and pilot-scale anaerobic digester. The performance of a batch pilot-scale anaerobic digestion of food waste, on the other hand, is less documented. The goal of this research is to look into a batch pilot-scale anaerobic digester for food waste, with a focus on methane potential and kinetic studies. A single-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste was carried out with an inoculum to substrate ratio (I/S) of 2.0. A variety of tests were carried out to identify the properties of the food waste and the inoculum employed. Effluent was collected daily for the monitoring process. The pH and volatile fatty acid to total alkalinity ratio (VFA/TA) were monitored daily to ensure that the anaerobic digestion process remained stable. The VFA/TA ratio suggested that the anaerobic digestion process was stable throughout the anaerobic digestion process. The methane accumulation for 26 days monitoring is 463250 mL. The ultimate methane yield of 5103.6 mL CH4/gVS was observed. The maximum removal efficiency for TS, VS, and COD in this investigation was 85.32, 94.15, and 93.52 %, showing that food waste was efficiently decomposed for biomethane conversion. The Modified Gompertz (GM) and Logistic function models were used to conduct the kinetic analysis. The results reveal that the GM model provides a higher R2 value than the logistic function model, thus the GM model is more suited in explaining the performance of the anaerobic digestion process.
The Effects of Sinter-Hip Processing on the Machining Performance of Cemented Carbides Based on NBC-NI Systems as Alternative Cutting Tools
Authors: Fernandes Laerte Jose , Stoeterau Rodrigo L. , Batalha Gilmar F. , Miranda Fábio , Rodrigues Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This work aims to investigate the technical feasibility of using sintered carbides based on NbC-Ni substitute of the WC-Co class, adding the Sinter-Hip step in the sintering process, with 20 bar pressure nitrogen gas. The samples were produced investigating two process variables: sintering cycles and chemical composition. The samples were qualified in terms of Vickers hardness, toughness and density by Archimedes. The machining experiments were carried out on quenched and tempered AISI 4340 steel material. Flank wear progression was defined as the control parameter, analyzing wear via CCD camera, stereoscopic magnifying glass and SEM/EDS. The best result obtained the binding phase content 10%w, when compared to a commercial WC-Co insert. It showed superior performance at 88% of the average life of the cutting edge. However, the dispersion of this lifetime was higher than the WC-Co reference tool, 15%. The samples of NbC-10%p Ni showed a higher level of porosity than WC-Co. For better densification, new samples with the same composition were produced by adding the Sinter-HIP step. New tests were carried out and the results showed that the adjustment of the sintering process was fundamental. Densification and microstructure alteration reduced the dispersion of the average lifetime of this new NbC-Ni class.
Relationship Between Pulmonary Hamartoma and Bronchus: Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography Findings
Authors: Wang Ping , Ma Heng , Yang Qinglin , Zhang Chengzhou 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between pulmonary hamartomas (PHs) and bronchi on multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) images.
Methods
The MSCT scans of 218 PHs from 216 pathologically confirmed patients were reviewed. The PHs were divided into two groups, namely, the central endobronchial and intraparenchymal groups, in accordance with location. Multiplanar reconstruction was used to demonstrate PH–bronchus relationship patterns. The PH–bronchus relationships in the intraparenchymal group were classified into five patterns: type I, the bronchus was cut off by the tumor; type II, the bronchus was contained within the tumor (air bronchogram sign); type III, the bronchus ran at the tumor periphery or was compressed by the tumor; and type IV, no tumor–bronchus relationship was observed.
Results
Nine (4.1%) PHs were assigned to the central endobronchial group and 209 (95.9%) PHs were assigned to the intraparenchymal group. In the endobronchial group, 1 (11.1%) PH was located in the trachea with the partial stenosis of the trachea, whereas the remaining 8 (88.9%) PHs were located in the lobar or segmental bronchus with the complete occlusion of the corresponding bronchus. In the intraparenchymal group, type IV (147, 70.3%) was most common pattern, followed by type III (54, 25.8%). Type I (8, 3.8%) was rare, and type II was not observed.
Conclusion
Central endobronchial PHs often obstructed bronchi, whereas only a few intraparenchymal PHs cut off bronchi. No air bronchogram sign was observed.
Sexual Attitudes and Associated Factors of Risky Sexual Behaviors Among University Students
Authors: Jahanfar Shayesteh , Pashaei Zahra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
IntroductionRisky sexual behaviors, because of its adverse health consequences, are a serious problem in the health care system. Adequate awareness of reproductive health in young people is important because they are in the early years of fertility and engaging in risky sexual behaviors are more probable. This study aimed to evaluate the sexual attitude and associated factors of risky sexual behaviors among girls and boys and the difference of sexual norms by gender among university students.MethodsA university-based study with a cross-sectional survey conducted for nine months in 2019. A total of 800 university students were studied by a random sampling technique, using a self-administered structured questionnaire derived from World Health Organization illustrative questionnaire to assess sexual attitudes among adolescents and young adultsResultsMost of the respondents were female and single. Girls were more religious, more frequently visited the cinemas, and were more likely to discuss sex-matters with family members compared to boys. There was no significant difference in the total score of sexual attitude in girls and boys, and both genders had negative attitudes toward risky sexual behavior (42/72). Those who go to parties, bars, or movies were more probable to have risky sexual behavior. Being a religious person is an essential predictor of having less risky behavior (RR = 2.02, 95% CI = 0.96,3.41).ConclusionBeing religious was a protective factor for engaging in risky sexual behavior. More interventions in schools and universities need to educate students to enhance awareness about the consequences of RSB and reduce the rate of it.
Effects of Different Silicate Minerals on Silicon Activation by Ochrobactrum sp. T-07-B
Authors: Lv Ying , Li Jia , Chen Zhenxing , Liu Xingyu , Chen Bowei , Zhang Mingjiang , Ke Xuan , Zhang Tian C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As a kind of solid waste with a high silicon content, electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) can be utilized as silicon source by plants through bioleaching processes. EMR contains a variety of silicate minerals. In order to determine the source of available silicon in the bioleaching process of EMR, it is necessary to investigate the influence of silicate minerals in EMR on silicon-activating behavior of specific minerals. In this study, Ochrobactium sp. T-07-B was used to conduct bioleaching experiments on five kinds of silicate minerals with different structures (quartz, muscovite, biotite, olivine, and rhodonite); the growth of Ochrobactium sp. T-07-B, their acid- and polysaccharide-producing capacity, and evolution of surface morphology and structure of the silicate minerals in different systems were determined, so as to explore the silicon-activating capacity of Ochrobactium sp. T-07-B and the selectivity toward different minerals in the bioleaching process. Results showed that the effects of Ochrobactium sp. T-07-B for different silicate minerals were obviously different, and the sequence of silicon-activating efficiency from high to low was as follows: muscovite > biotite > rhodonite > olivine > quartz. Results of this study may be of guiding significance for the future research on the silicon-activating of solid waste.
Promising Anti-leukemic Effect of Zataria Multiflora Extract in Combination with Doxorubicin to Combat Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells (Nalm-6)
Authors: Lashkari Mahla , Fatemi Ahmad , Valandani Hajar Mardani , Khalilabadi Roohollah Mirzaee 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: One of the heterogeneous hematologic malignancies of the lymphocyte precursors or lymphoblasts is ALL. ALL has two incidence peaks that were determined in 2-5 years children and 60 years old adults. Cardiotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs is one of important side effect which may occur during or after chemotherapy period. Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Zataria Multiflora extract (ZME), DOX, and ZME/DOX combination on Nalm-6 cells. In this vein, the cell viability was assessed by Trypan blue and MTT assay. Evaluation of apoptosis was also analyzed by Annexin-V/7-PI staining. Moreover, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, hTERT, c-Myc, P53, and P21 genes was detected by Real-Time PCR. Molecular docking as an in-silico method was performed for BCL2 and P53 as well. Result: Our achievements indicated that ZME had dose-dependent effect on Nalm-6 cells and ZME synergistically potentiated DOX effect. The expression of Bax, P53 and P21 genes increased although the expression of Bcl-2, hTERT, and c-Myc genes decreased when cells treated with ZME/DOX combination. Molecular docking showed the interactions of Carvacrol and Thymol in the active cavities of BCL2 and P53. Conclusions: Regarding to present study, ZME could be utilized as a combinatorial and potential drug for leukemic patients, which is under the treatment by DOX due to reducing the chemotherapy drug doses.
A Method for Obtaining Field Wheat Freezing Injury Phenotype Based on RGB Camera and Software Control
Authors: fu xiuqing , Bai Yang , Zhou Jing , Zhang Hongwen , Xian Jieyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Low temperature freezing stress has adverse effects on wheat seedling growth and final yield. The traditional method to evaluate the wheat injury caused by the freezing stress is by visual observations, which is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, to effectively and efficiently quantify the wheat freezing injury in the field environments, a high-throughput phenotyping system was developed in this paper , namely, RGB FREEZING INJURY SYSTEM. The system is able to automatically collect, processing, and analyze the wheat images collected using a mobile phenotype cabin in the field conditions. A data management system was also developed to store and manage the original images and the calculated phenotypic data in the system. A group of 128 wheat varieties were planted with replicates under a freezing environment. Canopy images of the wheat were collected at the seedling stage and three image features were extracted for each wheat samples, including ExG, ExR and ExV. The results show that the developed methods can clearly distinguish wheat samples with different wheat freezing injury scores. The automatic phenotypic analysis method of freezing injury provides a solution for high-throughput phenotypic analysis of field wheat and can quantify the stress caused by freezing injury at the seedling stage. The method has a certain guiding significance for wheat breeding.
A Novel Missense ZBTB18 Mutation Identified in an Intellectual Disability Family by Whole Genome Sequencing
Authors: Li Nana , Li Lu , Zou Yanna , Liu Zhen , Deng Ying , Qin Hong , Qiu Xiaoqiong , Kang Hong , Wang Yanping , Zhu Jun , Wang Meixian , yu ping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIntellectual disability is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. About a quarter of cases are caused by genetic diseases, and about 5 percent are inherited from a person's parents. The objective of this study was to explore the candidate disease-causing gene in an intellectual disability family.MethodsWhole genome sequencing was performed on affected twins, their affected children, and unaffected parents, and data filtration for most rare variants and In Silico prediction tools to determine the pathogenecity. Further, Sanger sequencing was used to validate the causative mutation.ResultsIn the family, a previously undescribed heterozygous variant in ZBTB18 gene c.1323C>G (p.His441Gln) was identified. The mutation co-segregated with all affected individuals in the family and was not found in unaffected members.Conclusionsc.1323C>G mutation in ZBTB18 gene on 1 chromosome may be related with the phenotype of intellectual disability in this family. WGS is an efficient method to perform molecular diagnosis for hereditary intellectual disability.
Mesoporous Spongy Ni-Co-Oxides@Wheat Straw-Derived SiO2 For Adsorption And Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Pollutants
Authors: Hussein Mohamed A. T. , Motawea Mohamed M , Elsenety Mohamed M. , El-Bahy Salah M. , Gomaa Hassanien 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The exploitation and employment of agricultural waste in polluted water treatment is one of the most important cost-effective approaches. Therefore, a novel mesoporous spongy adsorbent/photocatalyst was successfully synthesized through the grafting of nickel and cobalt oxides nanocomposites with wheat straw-derived SiO2. Nickel and cobalt oxides were added to enhance the functionality of wheat straw-derived SiO2. This synthesis methodology presents a simplistic, cost-effective, and eco-approachable alternative to getting an adsorbent and photocatalyst for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) pollutants from wastewater. The modified wheat straw-derived SiO2 (MWSS) was characterized via XRD, SEM, EDX, TGA, FTIR, and nitrogen adsorption. Molecular dynamics computational calculations were performed to comprehend the ability of methylene blue to adjust the WSDS surface. The experiments of adsorption and photodegradation trials were performed to optimize the pH, contact time, initial MB-concentration, and temperature parameters. Furthermore, kinetics and isotherm models were checked to explain the MB-removal mechanism using mesoporous spongy MWSS. The current work indicated that the mesoporous MWSS adsorbent/photocatalyst provided efficient adsorption capability (79%), significant photocatalytic performance (93%), and higher solidity during reusability as well. This study suggests an efficient composite that contributes to getting rid of the MB pollutants from wastewater.
Fluorometric Assessment of Sulfhydryl Oxidase Activity: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: hadwan mahmoud hussein , Alsalman Abdul Razzaq S. , Almashhedy Lamia A. , Alta'ee Abdulsamie H. , Hadwan Asad M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sulfhydryl oxidase was studied using a spectrofluorometric assay. The current protocol operates by using a combination of hemoglobin (HB) and hematin (HT) as a peroxidase mimic to catalyze the H2O2-dependent oxidation of thiamine. The response surface methodology is used to optimize the new method (RSM). The current method is very accurate, sensitive, and linear up to 200 IU. When compared to the colorimetric method, the method produced a satisfactory correlation. The novel protocol is being used to evaluate asthenospermic patients' and fertile men's seminal SHO activity. The current protocol was used to determine reference values for seminal sulfhydryl oxidase activity. Due to the fact the newly developed spectrofluorometric method is more sensitive and precise than other colorimetric methods, and because thiamine is less expensive than other types of probes used in colorimetric and spectrofluorometric methods, it is likely to find widespread use among scientists studying SHO activity in biological tissues. The present method's analytical recovery yielded high specific findings.
Study On The Edge Defects of High Volume Fraction 70% SiCp/Al Composites In Ultrasonic-Assisted Milling
Authors: Peng Peicheng , Xiang Daohui , Lei Xiaofei , Shi Zhanli , Li Bo , Liu Gaofeng , Zhao Bo , Gao Guofu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Directing at the hard machinability of high volume fraction 70% SiCp/Al composites，a longitudinal and torsional ultrasonic-assisted milling method is proposed to improve the edge quality and machining efficiency. By observing the metallographic structure of the material, the three-dimensional finite element model of SiC particles with spherical, ellipsoidal and random polyhedra is established and analyzed by ABAQUS simulation software. The formation mechanism of edge defects, stress distribution, defect characteristics and the effect of machining parameters on milling force are investigated during ultrasonic-assisted milling. The results show that the edge defects appear at the inlet, outlet and middle edge position, especiallyis more serious at the outlet position. The SiC particles failure modes mainly include particle pullout, particle shearing, crushing, and the edge defects mainly include matrix tearing, edge breakage, burrs, bulgesandpits. In a certain range of ultrasonic amplitude, ultrasonic-assisted milling can effectively reduce the surface fragmentation rate and milling force, slow down the expansion of cracks, increase the plastic flow of material, and obtain better edge quality compared with traditional machining method. By comparing the results of finite element simulation and experimental tests, it shows that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental tests.
Mutant Cyclin F Impedes COPII Vesicle-Mediated ER-Golgi Trafficking and ER-Associated Degradation, Inducing ER Stress and Golgi Fragmentation in ALS/FTD
Authors: RAGAGNIN Audrey Marie Genevieve , Sundaramoorthy Vinod , Vidal Marta , Jagaraj Cyril J , Shadfar Sina , Brocardo Mariana , Parakh Sonam , Konopka Anna , Grima Natalie , Yang Shu , Rayner Stephanie , Williams Kelly , Ooi Lezanne , Blair Ian P , Chung Roger S , Lee Albert , Atkin Julie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMutations in the CCNF gene encoding cyclin F are associated with sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are unknown. Proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is essential for physiological cellular function. MethodsWe used human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and human embryonic kidney HEK293T cell lines and mouse primary neurons-overexpressing two familial ALS cyclin F mutants to examine whether mutant ALS/FTD-associated cyclin F perturbs key functions of the ER and Golgi compartments. Specific cellular assays were used to examine ER-Golgi transport (VSVGts045), the budding of vesicles from ER membranes and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Immunocytochemistry was used to examine the morphology of the Golgi and ER-exit sites, and to detect ER stress and apoptosis. Western blotting was used to examine the content of vesicles budding from ER membranes and the interaction between Sec 31 and cyclin F. Flow cytometry was used to examine cell death.Results We demonstrated that mutant cyclin F inhibited protein transport from the ER to Golgi apparatus by a mechanism involving aberrant vesicle sorting from the ER. It also impeded ER-associated degradation, whereby misfolded ER proteins are ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. This was associated with induction of ER stress and Golgi fragmentation, leading to apoptosis. Conclusion Together, these results demonstrate that ER dysfunction is a pathogenic pathway associated with ALS/FTD-variant cyclin F.
Retinoic acid inhibits the pyroptosis of degenerated nucleus pulposus cells by activating Sirt1-SOD2 signaling
Authors: Li Peng-Fei , Xiong Fei , Yin Ying , Xing Hong-Yuan , Hu Shao-Jun , Zhang Ning 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common disease and initiated by the degeneration of nucleus pulposus (NP). The pyroptosis of degenerated NP cells (dNPCs) plays an important role in NP degeneration and may be a potential target in the treatment of IVD degeneration. The purpose of this study is to identify a feasible solution that can inhibit NP cell pyroptosis to therapy the degeneration of the intervertebral disc.
Result:

In this study, we determined the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on dNPCs and investigated the underlying mechanism of RA mediated pyroptosis in dNPCs. We also verified the effects of RA on IVD degeneration in vivo. Our results demonstrated that RA significantly increased the proliferation and the protein expression of sox9, aggrecan, and collagen II of dNPCs. Pyroptosis-related proteins such as cleaved caspase-1, NT-GSDMD, IL-1β, IL-18, and the pyroptosis rate of dNPCs was significantly decreased by RA. We also found that Sirt1-SOD2 signaling was activated, while ROS generation and TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling in dNPCs was inhibited after the addition of RA. Furthermore, RA also recovered the structure of NP and increased the contents of sGAG and collagen in vivo.
Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that RA can inhibit the pyroptosis and increase the ECM synthesis function of dNPCs and verified that RA has a protective effect in IVD degeneration.
Chinese Younger Parents’ Quality of Life during COVID-19 Pandemic: Do Job Changes and Family Conflicts Matter?
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Bai YaShuang , Huang Ning , GUO JING 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background：The quality of life might have been decreased owing to the social disruptionsin daily life and basic functioning afterCoronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to examine the relationship between job changes, family conflicts, and quality of life among parents during COVID-19 in China.Methods：We recruited 1209 adultsthrough an online cross-sectional survey in China during the COVID-19 lockdown from April 21st to April 28th, 2020.Convenient and cluster sampling methods were used to recruit parents. The global health items in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) were used as a measurement forquality of life. Data were mainly analyzed by multiple linear regression with SPSS.Results：Both marital conflict (β=-0.243, P<.001) and parent-child conflict (β=-0.119, P=.001)were negatively associated with the quality of life among parents during the lockdown.While job changes moderatedthe relationship of marital conflict and quality of life(β=-0.256, P=.022). Besides, the interaction effects of job changesand family conflict on quality of life only significantly amongfathers andone child families.Conclusion：This study indicated the familyconflictwas acrucialfactorcorrelatedwithqualityoflifeamongyoungparents in the backdrop of COVID-19 lockdown. Job changes could interact with marital conflict and parent-child conflict on quality of life.