bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Marker for Severe Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Analysis of Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1)
Authors: Choi Juwhan , Sim Jae Kyeom , Oh Jee Youn , Lee Young Seok , Hur Gyu Young , Lee Sung Yong , Shim Jae Jeong , Rhee Chin Kook , Min Kyung Hoon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: It is important to assess the prognosis and classify patients in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) treatment. Recently, it was suggested that diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) should be added to multidimensional tools for assessing COPD. This study aimed to compare the DLCO and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to identify better prognostic factors for admitted patients with AECOPD.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 342 patients with AECOPD receiving inpatient treatment. We classified 342 severe AECOPD events using DLCO and FEV1. We defined the prognostic factors of severe AECOPD as the length of hospital stay, mortality in hospital, experience of mechanical ventilation, and experience of intensive care unit (ICU) care. We analyzed the prognostic factors by multivariate analysis using logistic regression. In addition, we conducted a correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results: In univariate and multivariate analyses, DLCO was shown to predict mortality rate (odds ratio = 4.408; 95% confidence interval, 1.070–18.167; P = 0.040), experience of ventilator (odds ratio = 2.855; 95% confidence interval, 1.216–6.704; P = 0.016) and ICU (odds ratios = 2.685; 95% confidence interval, 1.290–5.590; P = 0.008). However, there was no statistically significant difference in mortality rate when using FEV1 classification (P = 0.075). In the correlation analysis, both DLCO and FEV1 showed a negative correlation with length of hospital stay. The correlation rate was more pronounced in the DLCO (DLCO; B = -0.103, P < 0.001) (FEV1; B = -0.075, P = 0.007). In addition, DLCO showed better predictive ability than FEV1 in ROC curve analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) of DLCO was greater than 0.68 for all prognostic factors, and in contrast, the AUC of FEV1 was less than 0.68.Conclusion: DLCO was likely to be as good as or better prognostic marker than FEV1 in severe AECOPD.
Traditional use of medicinal plants in the Chyangthapu-Phalaicha biological sub-corridor, Panchthar District, Kangchenjunga Landscape, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Prabin , Gurung Min Bahadur , Subedi Chandra Kanta , Chaudhary Ram Prasad , Basnet Khadga , Gurung Janita , Uprety Yadav , Neupane Ajay , Shrestha Krishna Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Chyangthapu-Phalaicha located in the northeastern Panchthar District, is a biodiversity hotspot in the Eastern Himalaya. The area is dominated by the Kirat indigenous community. The present study was conducted to document the knowledge of the ethnomedicinal uses and practices that exist in the area before the associated socio-cultural knowledge on biological diversity is lost. Methods: Ethnomedicinal data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires. Stakeholders meetings were organized for assessing the conservation issues in the sub-corridor. The importance of medicinal plant species was assessed using quantitative indices such as informant consensus factor, relative frequency of citation, relative importance, fidelity level and Rahman’s similarity index. Results: Altogether, 140 medicinal plant species from 68 families and 127 genera were reported, which were used to treat 12 health disorders categories. The dominant families were Asteraceae and Fabaceae which contributed eight species each. Fifty-five percent of the total medicinal plant species comprised of herbs. The most frequently used plant parts were underground parts (33%) and leaf (15%). The most common remedies preparation method was extract. Oral administration was the most common therapeutic mode (60%). Maximum informant consensus factor (0.96) was calculated for gastrointestinal disorders. The highest relative frequency of citation and fidelity level was observed for Swertia chirayita (0.83 and 100% respectively). Artemisia dubia depicted the highest relative importance (91.67). A thorough review of previous literature and analysis of field data revealed new therapeutic use reports for 41 ailments associated with 52 plant species. The Rahman similarity index was high with the studies in neighbouring areas, while it was low with the geographically distant studies. Conclusions: The ethnomedicinal study of the Chyangthapu-Phalaicha biological sub-corridor in the Kangchenjunga Landscape indicates that the area supports significant medicinal plants and associated traditional knowledge. The varied use of reported medicinal plants in the area indicates the need for their domestication, processing and phytochemical investigation, especially for those with high ethnobotanical indices.
Decomposing drivers of changes in productive and domestic water use based on the logarithmic mean Divisia index method: a regional comparison in Northern China
Authors: Lyu Wenfei , Chen Yuansheng , Yu Zhigang , Yao Weiwei , Liu Huaxian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is crucial to consider regional heterogeneity while analyzing drivers of changes in sectoral water use for developing differentiated and effective demand-regulation strategies in China. By using the logarithmic mean Divisia index method, this study compares dynamic influences of intensity, structure and scale factors on changes in productive and domestic water use during 2003–2017 between Tianjin (a socio-economic developed region) and Hebei (less-developed). The results show that the scale effect stimulated the growth of productive water use in both regions, while structure and intensity effects restrained such growth. The three effects all stimulated the growth of domestic water use in most years in both regions. In both regions, the largest contributor to changes in productive and domestic water use was the scale and intensity effect, respectively. However, in the two regions, the synergies of three effects resulted in different change trends of productive water use, and cumulative contributions of sub-sectors to the intensity, structure and scale effects were not exactly the same. Tianjin and Hebei need to keep on adjusting industrial structure and lowering water-use intensity to control future growth of productive water use and take strict measures to tackle the increasing trend of domestic water use but should have different policy implementation focuses.
The impact of COVID-19 on households’ water use in Uganda
Authors: Sempewo Jotham Ivan , Mushomi John , Tumutungire Martin Dahlin , Ekyalimpa Ronald , Kisaakye Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The unprecedented outbreak of COVID-19 necessitated the promotion of better hygiene practices to curb the spread of the virus. Better hygiene requires that households have a stable supply of water. However, little is known about the predictors of changes in water use in emergency situations such as COVID-19 in Uganda. This study uses data from a cross-sectional survey to examine the changes in the quantities of water used by 1,639 Ugandan households due to COVID-19. This article also explores the factors that are associated with changes in water use. The month March 2020 is used in this study as a cut-off because this is the month in which the government implemented a lockdown to curb the spread of the virus. Results indicate that most households had an increase in the quantity of water used after March 2020 when compared with the period before March 2020. Household characteristics that were associated with a change in the quantity of water used were age, sex, education, main occupation of household head, household size and region of residence. The results can be used to inform the prediction and demand modelling of household water use for improved water interventions for equitable water supply during emergencies.
Стоянка-мастерская Кусимово-6 — памятник эпохи среднего палеолита в Южном Зауралье
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa  450054, Russian Federation), Kotov Vyacheslav G. , Savelev Nikita S. , Ruslanova Rida R.  ,   National Museum of Bashkortostan (14, Sovetskaya St., Ufa 450077, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

In 2019, the workshop site of Kusimovo-6 in Abzelilovsky District of Bashkortostan (Russia) was discovered and explored on a large area. A collection of Middle Paleolithic artifacts numbering over 2 thousand was obtained. Goals. The work attempts at an analysis of the collection. Results. The latter shows its homogeneity. So, nucleuses are subprismatic, with longitudinal cleavages, orthogonal, radial, and of unsystematic types. Many cores have two or more strike platforms. A third of the flakes have natural strike platforms and backrest. The producing of bifacial tools basically repeats the nucleuses’ production patterns. The tools comprise a chopper, 2 blanks of bifaces, 2 taiyak points, a point, butt knives. Two-sided producing was performed on working areas of other categories of tools (carvers, punctures, points, tools with a spike, beak-shaped, notched tools, scrapers). By all indications, the site has a non-Levallois character and belongs to the industry of the Tayacian tradition of the Middle Paleolithic. The workshop site of Kusimovo-6 reveals the greatest similarity with the 3rd and 4th layers (Tayacian industry of the Middle Paleolithic) of the Starye Duruitory Grotto in Northwest Moldova. Accordingly, the workshop site of Kusimovo-6 is dated to the first half of the Rissian period (300-200 thousand years ago).
Дистанционная проверка знаний требований охраны труда у работников компании с использованием современных систем идентификации и аутентификации личности
Authors: Сенченко Владимир 
Published: February 2021

Данная работа посвящена обоснованию и расчету экономической эффективности дистанционной проверки знаний требований охраны труда. В данной работе предложены концептуальные проектные решения по реализации данной работы на практике. В работе предложено подписывать документы при проведении инструктажей и проверке знаний требований охраны труда (протоколы, журналы, удостоверения) при помощи электронной подписи. Для членов комиссий по проверке знаний требований охраны труда предложено выпустить квалифицированные электронно-цифровые подписи. Для инструктируемых и экзаменуемых работников предлагается использовать простую электронную подпись: при приеме на работу заключать с работником соглашение об использовании электронной подписи; интегрировать в модуль ЕСЭД систему идентификации и аутентификации личности при помощи СМС (за аналог взята модель дистанционного банковского обслуживания СбербанкОнлайн).
В работе приведены образцы документов для практической реализации проекта применительно к существующей системе электронного документооборота в ПАО «Ростелеком». В приложении приведена позиция органов надзора по вопросу законности дистанционного метода.
Расчет финансовой модели проекта показал NPV 85+ млн. рублей при первоначальных инвестициях 5 млн. руб. Данный экономический эффект реализуется только при реализации данного проекта в масштабах всей компании ПАО «Ростелеком», так как требует внесение изменений в корпоративную систему электронного документооборота.
Задачи, которые решались в ходе работы: 1) Составить карту эмпатии при проведении проверки знаний требований охраны труда в техническом подразделении; 2) Построить карту потока ценности при проведении про-верки знаний требований охраны труда. Определить муда; 3) Предложить пути по устранения муда. Выработать концептуальные проектные решения по реализации практике; 4) Изучить и проанализировать ключевых стейкхолдеров при реализации проекта дистанционной проверки знаний; 5) Изучить инструменты и методы проектного управления применительно к данному проекту; 6) Спрогнозировать структуру команды по реализации данного проекта; 7) Оценить риски проекта; 8) Составить финансовую модель при реализации проекта. Сделать расчет NPV; 9) Изучить и описать конфликт парадигм мышления профессионального сообщества при цифровизации процесса проведении проверки знаний требований охраны труда; 10) Сделать оценку предложенного проектного решения.
В заключительной части дана оценка практической ценности и экономической эффективности данного проекта применительно к компании ПАО «Ростелеком».
Данная работа составлена из выполненных домашних заданий в рамках программы iMBA. В работе приняты ряд допущений, которые требуют более глубокой проработки профильными специалистами со знанием цифровых технологиях.
Features of managing Large Bridge Construction projects in China
Authors: Liu Youren , Zub Anatoly Timofeyevich 
Published: February 2021

Using the methods of document research and comparative analysis, the author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the role of the state in the management of large construction projects, a three-dimensional model of integrated management of large bridge projects, the impact of fine management on improving the quality of the project, the function of "cultural management", etc. Special attention is paid to the management of bridge construction projects between the river and by sea is a large-scale, complex and integrated management of engineering projects, representing the characteristics of interdisciplinary, multi-domain and multi-regional cross-penetration, reflecting the rich connotation of overall planning, coordination and integration of resources. Based on the analysis of the Sutong Bridge, the bridge over the Hanzhouwan Bay, the Jiangyin Bridge, this article summarizes the feature of construction project management in China. В The main conclusions of the study are the mechanism of the state's influence on the management processes of large construction projects that ensure great success of megaprojects. In the course of modernization, China has formed a set of management characteristics of large-scale engineering bridge construction with Chinese features thanks to a large amount of research and practice. With the support of the country as a basis, a management system combining industrial management and engineering construction management, national power and business. The mutual influence of the authorities, the combination of cultural management and emotional management through a "refined" transformation of management comprehensively guarantee the successful completion of the construction of super-large bridge projects. It provides background information for managing other large-scale engineering projects. The construction of large-scale projects laid the foundation for China's socio-economic development.
Assessment of the effect of nebivolol and сarvedilol on the functional state of patients with diastolic chronic heart failure
Authors: Tregubov Vitalii G. , Khil′kevich Pavel V. , Shubitidze Iosif Z. , Tregubova Anna V. 
Published: February 2021

Aim. To determine the effect of combined therapy with nebivolol or carvedilol on the functional state of patients with diastolic chronic heart failure (CHF).
Material and methods. The study involved 68 patients with CHF and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, who were randomized into two groups for treatment with bisoprolol or carvedilol. As part of the combination therapy was prescribed quinapril, and if indicated atorvastatin, acetylsalicylic acid in the intestinal soluble shell. Initially and after 24 weeks of therapy were carried out: quantitative assessment of regulatory-adaptive status (RAS), echocardioscopy, treadmill test, six-minute walking test, subjective assessment of quality of life, determination of level of N-terminal fragment of the brain natriuretic peptide precursor in blood plasma.
Results. Both schemes of combined therapy comparably improved the morpho-functional parameters of the heart and quality of life. In comparison with carvedilol, nebivolol more pronouncedly increased RAS and tolerance to physical activity.
Conclusion. In patients with diastolic CHF in combination therapy, the use of nebivolol, in comparison with carvedilol, may be preferable due to the positive effect on the functional state.
A Interculturalidade nas opiniões de professores de uma escola indígena de Roraima
Authors: Ferreira do Nascimento Raimundo Nonato , Teodósio de Quadros Marion 
Published: February 2021

Os debates sobre interculturalidade e educação intercultural, tem sido uma constante nos últimos 20 anos aqui no Brasil. Dentro dos debates sobre educação intercultural destaca-se a educação escolar indígena. Neste artigo, nosso intuito é refletir acerca das opiniões que professores indígenas e não indígenas de uma escola indígena, possuem sobre a interculturalidade a educação intercultural. Para tanto, nos utilizamos de um material recolhido durante o trabalho de campo antropológico realizado nos anos 2011 e 2013 em uma comunidade indígena no estado de Roraima. Os resultados apontam que há uma polifonia relacionada a interculturalidade, bem como a ausência de formação específica e de convivência na comunidade por parte professores não indígenas que atuam nessa escola, como fatores importantes para a ausência de uma educação intercultural. Por outro lado, o professor indígena considera a interculturalidade como ferramenta importante de respeito entre os mundos indígena e o não indígena, e reconhecimento do mundo indígena.
Los “refugiados” waraos de Venezuela en una comunidad indígena de Guyana: la complejidad de la movilidad en las zonas fronterizas
Authors: Allard Olivier 
Published: February 2021

Guyana, en el contexto de la crisis migratoria de Venezuela, ha acogido a “refugiados” (como se les conoce localmente) que son en su mayoría amerindios o indígenas waraos. Un estudio de la zona fronteriza entre los dos países muestra que esta “migración” forma parte de un complejo conjunto de movimientos de diversa amplitud espacial y temporal. La mayoría de los waraos que van a Guyana pertenecen en realidad a una comunidad transfronteriza para la que el cruce de la frontera no es excepcional, especialmente porque la población local es en su mayoría indígena. Sin embargo, cabe destacar que la región se ha desarrollado, no a pesar de la frontera, sino por ella o en torno a ella: actúa como un umbral económico que fomenta el comercio y el contrabando, y proporciona una barrera protectora contra la violencia que ahora afecta a Venezuela. Además de estos usos estratégicos, la frontera también representa una frontera entre dos sistemas de identidad y entre Estados con modos de funcionamiento muy diferentes: por lo tanto, es un lugar de malentendidos prácticos, que también ofrece la oportunidad de poner de relieve discrepancias importantes.
HIGHLY FOCUSED ULTRASONIC DEVICE FOR WOMEN SAFETY APPLICATIONS
Authors: Agrawal Raunak , Dugar Rahul , Surana Saurabh 
Published: February 2021

Sound is one of the most important medium used for delivering information. With rising crime in today’s society, especially against women, carrying some sort of effective weapon for self-defense purposes has become quite essential. This technology emits sound in a highly controlled, narrow beam, so that audio can be heard only when you are in the field of beam or in a position to hear the reflected sound from a virtual source .Sound wave in the audible range has a characteristic to spread in various directions while moving, but ultrasound is unidirectional. This characteristic of sound finds applications at a lot of different areas. Parametric loudspeakers can be used in the advertisement industry where audio is considered as a key influence but is abstained from use because the sound being multi-directional spreads and bothers even the people not in target. Usually, in case of a riot, smoke grenades and tear gases are used to control the rioters, which on addition on controlling the target also affect the innocents. This study highlights on using an ultrasonic weapon rather than weapons like hand gun, which can be unsafe and might also initiate legal intrusion.Nowadays MEMS ultrasonic transducers have been put to use which has got very portable design outlet .The study uses the application of ultrasonic beams and sound focusing to build a portable women safety device similar to that of a stun gun.
The Effects of Coir Fibers on Workability and Strength Properties of Concrete
Authors: Solangi Ghulam Shabir Solangi , Sahito Gulmir Khan Sahito , Keerio Manthar Ali Keerio 
Published: February 2021

This study aimed toward analyzing length and content of coir fiber on workability and strength of concrete. For this purpose, different fractions of coir fibers of length as 10 mm, 20 mm and 30mm are used with varying proportions as 0.15%, 20%,0.25%,0.3% and 0.35% by the volume of concrete. One mix of control concrete and 15 mixes of concrete with inclusion of cot fibers were prepared. The experiments were conducted to check the workability, compressive and tensile strength of concrete. It was observed from conducted research, that the workability is decreased with increasing the content of coir fibers. On the basis of conducted research, the inclusion of 0.25% of coir fibers of length 20mm is optimum. With inclusion of 0.25% of coir fibers of length 20mm, compressive and tensile strength is improved as compared to control mix.
Assessment of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane as Ground Improvement Material for Peat
Authors: Abdurahman Mohamad Niizar , Kasbi Basri Adnan Zainorabidin , Kassim Azman 
Published: February 2021

Peat is considered problematic soil due to its large void ratio, high compressibility and low shear strength. Various ground improvement methods have been developed in recent years to improve peat’s strength properties. Polyurethane grouting is one of the ground improvement methods that is gaining recognition as effective and fast way to stabilize soil. Polyurethane is a lightweight material produced by mixing polyol and isocyanate chemicals. Upon mixing, a polyurethane foam is created which expands up to a few times of its original volume. In this study, the strength characteristics of polyurethane with different mix ratios of polyol to isocyanate were evaluated to determine the optimum ratio suitable to be used to stabilize peat. Polyol to isocyanate ratio of 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:1.2, 1:2.5 and 1:3 were tested in this this research. The propagation, microstructure and density of polyurethane were investigated. Compressive strength of polyurethane determined using Unconfined Compression Strength test. Polyurethane created with higher ratio of isocyanate bears higher density and compressive strength compared to the polyurethane with lesser quantity of isocyanate. The cell structure of the polyurethane also is smaller with thicker cell walls. However, the curing time consumed by the polyurethane with high ratio of isocyanate is 8 times greater than the normal polyurethane. Thus, polyurethane ratio with fast curing time and high compressive strength was chosen as the optimum mix ratio to be used to stabilize peat.