bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus among preference rankings: a new weighted correlation coefficient for linear and weak orderings
Authors: Plaia Antonella , Buscemi Simona , Sciandra Mariangela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPreference data are a particular type of ranking data where some subjects (voters, judges,...) express their preferences over a set of alternatives (items). In most real life cases, some items receive the same preference by a judge, thus giving rise to a ranking with ties. An important issue involving rankings concerns the aggregation of the preferences into a “consensus”. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the consensus between rankings with ties, taking into account the importance of swapping elements belonging to the top (or to the bottom) of the ordering (position weights). By combining the structure of$$\tau _x$$τxproposed by Emond and Mason (J Multi-Criteria Decis Anal 11(1):17–28, 2002) with the class of weighted Kemeny-Snell distances, a position weighted rank correlation coefficient is proposed for comparing rankings with ties. The one-to-one correspondence between the weighted distance and the rank correlation coefficient is proved, analytically speaking, using both equal and decreasing weights.
Challenges and opportunities in improving left ventricular remodelling and clinical outcome following surgical and trans-catheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Jin Xu Yu , Petrou Mario , Hu Jiang Ting , Nicol Ed D. , Pepper John R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the last half century, surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) has evolved to offer a durable and efficient valve haemodynamically, with low procedural complications that allows favourable remodelling of left ventricular (LV) structure and function. The latter has become more challenging among elderly patients, particularly following trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Precise understanding of myocardial adaptation to pressure and volume overloading and its responses to valve surgery requires comprehensive assessments from aortic valve energy loss, valvular-vascular impedance to myocardial activation, force-velocity relationship, and myocardial strain. LV hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis remains as the structural and morphological focus in this endeavour. Early intervention in asymptomatic aortic stenosis or regurgitation along with individualised management of hypertension and atrial fibrillation is likely to improve patient outcome. Physiological pacing via the His-Purkinje system for conduction abnormalities, further reduction in para-valvular aortic regurgitation along with therapy of angiotensin receptor blockade will improve patient outcome by facilitating hypertrophy regression, LV coordinate contraction, and global vascular function. TAVI leaflet thromboses require anticoagulation while impaired access to coronary ostia risks future TAVI-in-TAVI or coronary interventions. Until comparable long-term durability and the resolution of TAVI related complications become available, SAVR remains the first choice for lower risk younger patients.
Restoring chemo-sensitivity to temozolomide via targeted inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 by naringin in glioblastoma
Authors: Rao Vanishree , Cheruku Sri Pragnya , Manandhar Suman , Vibhavari R. J. A. , Nandakumar Krishnadas , Rao C. Mallikarjuna , Ravichandiran V. , Kumar Nitesh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInclining mortality with a constant plummet in the survival rates associated with glioblastoma still stands as an inveterate predicament. The only promising therapy with temozolomide (TMZ) is now side-lined due to escalated resistance mediated by Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1). In the light of this, the very study was designed to evaluate the potential of an active phyto component named naringin, in inhibiting PARP-1, using in silico and in vitro methods. Under in silico settings, inhibitor bound crystal structure of PARP-1, i.e., 4UND was retrieved and molecular docking studies were performed against naringin using Schrodinger software. In vitro cytotoxicity and apoptotic detection assay were performed using C6 glioma cells. Docking studies revealed high affinity and low binding energy at the inhibition site with good stability. An increase in cytotoxicity to C6 cells was observed with TMZ and naringin combination when compared to TMZ alone. Isobologram plot confirmed the synergistic effect of the drug combination. A significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells with combination drugs, as evaluated by acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining reassured the reversal of resistance. In conclusion, chemosensitivity to TMZ was restored by successful inhibition of PARP-1 using naringin and the drug combination was hence proven effective in reversing TMZ resistance.
The application of an environmental performance framework for climate adaptation innovations on two nature-based adaptations
Authors: van Loon-Steensma Jantsje M. , Goldsworthy Christopher 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce and test a framework to qualitatively assess the environmental impact of climate adaptation innovations with the ambition to facilitate the implementation of these adaptations. The framework was designed to enable continuous environmentally conscious benchmarking based on three environmental performance indicators: sustainable design, environmental impact and ecological impact. It was pilot tested by uninvolved experts and key-persons for two large-scale nature-based flood adaptation innovations in the Netherlands and discussed with environmental assessment professionals. Our findings indicate how the inclusion of our framework helps to identify important knowledge gaps regarding environmental co-benefits and trade-offs, and can be beneficial to both those developing the innovation and the local authorities charged with assessing the suitability of innovations. We conclude by noting how the incorporation of environmental impact assessment from the design stage of adaptations could supplement existing environmental assessment regulations pre-empting concerns rather than reacting to them.
Efficacy and efficiency of fracture liaison services to reduce the risk of recurrent osteoporotic fractures
Authors: Javaid M. K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Acting to prevent the next fracture after a sentinel fracture is support by the evidence base and brings benefits for patients, clinicians and healthcare systems. However, more patients after a fragility fracture remain untreated and vulnerable to future potentially life-changing fractures. Fracture liaison services (FLS) are models of care that can close this care gap.

Methods
A narrative review of the key evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of FLS was performed

Results
There are few randomised control trials of FLSs and none with fracture as the primary outcome. Several observational studies have also demonstrated reductions in fracture, but most were limited by potential bias. Several studies have highlighted that not every FLS is automatically effective.

Conclusion
Further research should focus on implementing effective FLS using published standards and only then exploring impacts on patient outcomes such as refracture rates.
Allergen Immunotherapy in Pediatric Respiratory Allergy
Authors: Doroudchi Ali , Imam Kamran , Garcia Lloret Maria Ines 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Atopic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis are highly prevalent in children. Common triggers include tree and grass pollens, house dust mites, molds, and animal dander. These diseases are most often treated symptomatically; however, many patients show partial or poor response and require long-term medication use. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) stands as the only treatment modality that can alter the underlying disease process and potentially offer a cure. In this review article, we discuss the merits of AIT with particular emphasis on its efficacy and safety in pediatric patients. We also discuss the challenges for AIT implementation and present an overview of current research that aims at improving its applicability for the treatment of allergic diseases.

Recent Findings
Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are both safe and efficacious treatment options in children with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Additionally, AIT has efficacy in preventing the development of asthma in children. Although there are clear advantages with AIT, there are challenges to overcome to optimize treatment. Solutions include improved diagnostics with pre-treatment biomarkers and molecular multiplex assays, biomarkers for prediction of response (e.g., basophil activation markers), improved allergen immunogenicity with the use of recombinant AIT, adjuvants, and allergoids, and lastly improved safety with the concurrent use of omalizumab.

Summary
AIT has shown safety and efficacy in major clinical trials for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in children. AIT provides a curative treatment option for atopic disorders and should be considered in children with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. There are many continued advances being made in the field of allergy to further improve the safety and efficacy profile and shorten the duration of AIT treatment.
Prognostic parameter differences in breast cancer patients between luminal A and luminal B types after application of the new classification according to Ki67 score
Authors: Mohammed Ayad Ahmad 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
The conventional histological classification of breast cancer doesn't provide sufficient information about the biological characteristics and treatment prediction for breast cancer subtypes. Luminal breast cancer has been classified recently according to the expression of ki67 which has a great impact of the biological activity of the tumor.

Patients and methods:
A total of 300 patients with breast cancer who underwent modified radical mastectomy were investigated. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Luminal A (101 patients) and B (199 patients) according to the new classification based on hormone receptor and Ki67 expressions and the prognostic parameters were investigated.

Results:
The mean age was 48.81 years with a mean BMI of 30.7, the age showed no significant correlation (P value 0.996), but it was significant with BMI (P value 0.045). Lobular breast cancer was commoner in luminal type-A (13.9%) comparing to type-B patients (5%) with a significant correlation with the histopathological type (P value 0.006). Most patients presented with clinical stage IIB, IIA, and IIIA respectively. The tumor size, axillary LN status, clinical stage, and recurrence or metastasis showed no statistical significance (P values 0.9, 0.078, 0.584, and 0.943) respectively, 66.3% of luminal type-A patients had intermediate grade and no tumor necrosis (72.5%), while 55.3% of luminal type-B patients had high grade and tumor necrosis (61.8%), the correlation was significant for tumor grade and necrosis (P values 0.000) for each parameter. Luminal type-B had higher breast cancer fatality rate compared to type-A (11.2% vs. 2%) with a significant correlation with survival status and duration of survival (P values 0.003 & 0.025) respectively.

Conclusion:
Luminal type-A cancer is less common than type-B but has better survival and duration of survival than type-B. Ki67 biomarker affects tumor aggressiveness and invasiveness. More genetic analysis is required to detect the molecular diversity of both types.

Highlights
Using a Logic Model to Enable and Evaluate Long-Term Outcomes of a Mass Casualty Training Program: A Single Center Case Study
Authors: Dadario Nicholas B , Bellido Simon , Restivo Andrew , Kulkarni Miriam , Singh Maninder , Yoon Andrew , Shapiro Jared , Quintero Frank , Tagami Tianna , Yang Christina J , Jafri Farrukh N 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurpose:Global health disasters are on the rise and can occur at any time with little advance warning, necessitating preparation. The authors created a comprehensive evidence-based Emergency Preparedness Training Program focused on long-term retention and sustained learner engagement.Method:A prospective observational study was conducted of a simulation-based mass casualty event training program designed using an outcomes-based logic model. A total of 25 frontline healthcare workers from multiple hospital sites in the New York metropolitan area participated in an 8-hour immersive workshop. Data was collected from assessments, and surveys provided to participants 3 weeks prior to the workshop, immediately following the workshop, and 3 months after completion of the workshop.Results:The mean percentage of total knowledge scores improved across pre-workshop, post-workshop and retention (3 months post-workshop) assessments (53.2% vs. 64.8% vs. 67.6%, P < 0.05). Average comfort scores in the core MCI competencies increased across pre-workshop, post-workshop and retention self-assessments (P < 0.01). Of the participants assessed at 3 months retention (n = 14, 56%), 50.0% (n = 7) assisted in updating their hospital’s emergency operations plan and 50.0% (n = 7) pursued further self-directed learning in disaster preparedness medicine.Conclusions:The use of the logic model provided a transparent framework for the design, implementation, and evaluation of a competency-based EPT program at a single academic center.
Institutional Activism and Ethnic Intermediation in Post-Communist Romania
Authors: Fittante Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExisting studies on legal approaches to ethnic minority representation often highlight different systems’ strengths and weaknesses. While this scholarship provides important insights into the growing body of literature on minority representation, the topic remains largely under-theorized. Because systems of ethnic minority representation clarify the organizations and philosophies of diverse states, more theoretical analyses can enrich the descriptive literature. Building on the existing scholarship, this article assesses Romania’s particular version of proportional representation regarding designated national minorities. It applies two theoretical models: (1) institutional activism and (2) ethnic intermediation. The former clarifies the establishment of Romania’s post-communist constitutional provisions regarding minority organizations, and the latter explains how small yet influential minority populations make claims to and reallocate resources from the Romanian state. Through a unique, understudied case study – the Armenian community of Romania – this article attempts to broaden ethnic minority representation scholarship by refining the theoretical frameworks of institutional activism and ethnic intermediation.
Can neuroscience help to understand narcissism? A systematic review of an emerging field
Authors: Jauk Emanuel , Kanske Philipp 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNarcissism is a Janusian personality construct, associated with both grandiose self-assuredness and dominance, as well as vulnerable insecurity and reactivity. Central questions of intra- and interpersonal functioning in narcissism are still a matter of debate. Neuroscience could help to understand the paradoxical patterns of experience and behavior beyond the limitations of self-reports. We provide a systematic review of 34 neuroscience studies on grandiose, vulnerable, pathological narcissism, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), spanning experimental investigations of intra- and interpersonal mechanisms, research on neurophysiological and neuroendocrine aspects of baseline function, and brain structural correlates. While neuroscience has scarcely directly studied vulnerable narcissism, grandiose narcissism is associated with heightened vigilance to ego threat and stress responses following ego threat, as well as heightened stress indicators in baseline measures. Such responses are not commonly observed in self-reports, highlighting the potential of neuroscience to augment our understanding of self-regulatory dynamics in narcissism. Interpersonal functioning is characterized by deficits in social–affective processes. Both involve altered activity within the salience network, pointing to a double dissociation regarding the expression of narcissism and self/other oriented situational focus. Findings are summarized in an integrative model providing testable hypotheses for future research along with methodological recommendations.
Smoking Clubs in Graphic Satire and the Anglicizing of Tobacco in Eighteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Roman Cynthia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFocusing onA smoking club(1793/7) by James Gillray, this essay presents satiric representations of smoking clubs in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century British prints, arguing that they reflect and mediate contemporary understandings of tobacco as an intoxicant in British associational life. The breadth of potential cultural connotations – from political and social parody to light-hearted humour – is traced through the content and imagery of selected prints. These prints rely on the familiarity of contemporary audiences with political and social knowledge, as well as a visual iconography iconically realized in William Hogarth'sA midnight modern conversation(1732).
Women in Diplomacy in Late Eighteenth-Century Istanbul
Authors: Do Paço David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article identifies the different roles played by women in the diplomatic corps of the Pera embassies of Christian-ruled states. It focuses on women operating in and from the Habsburg embassy during the last two decades of the eighteenth century, a period marked by the revolutionary wars and the beginning of the ‘Eastern Question’. Using a microhistorical approach, this article analyses how women facilitated the embedding of individual members of the diplomatic corps in Pera's diplomatic social scene, the social integration of young diplomats, and the development of the trans-imperial networks of influence upon which diplomats heavily depended. It shifts the focus from states to actors and invites a more systematic development of a diplomatic history based on networks of non-official agents, thus enabling an improved understanding of the family, social, and urban dynamics that led to the development of political elites. This article draws on a set of private sources and parish sources in order to emphasize the role of households in the diplomacy of empires, the agenda of women in the management of patronage and power networks, and the diversity of their social affiliation.
Maternal characteristics influence infant feeding styles in Caribbean women
Authors: Wright Amika S , Tulloch-Reid Marshall K , Chang Susan M , Walker Susan P 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine associations between maternal characteristics and feeding styles in Caribbean mothers.Design:Participants were mother–child pairs enrolled in a cluster randomised trial of a parenting intervention in three Caribbean islands. Maternal characteristics were obtained by questionnaires when infants were 6–8 weeks old. Items adapted from the Toddler Feeding Behaviour Questionnaire were used to assess infant feeding styles at the age of 1 year. Feeding styles were identified using factor analysis and associations with maternal characteristics assessed using multilevel linear regression.Setting:Health clinics in St. Lucia (n 9), Antigua (n 10) and Jamaica (n 20).Participants:A total of 405 mother–child pairs from the larger trial.Results:Maternal depressive symptoms were associated with uninvolved (β = 0·38, 95 % CI (0·14, 0·62)), restrictive (β = 0·44, 95 % CI (0·19, 0·69)) and forceful (β = 0·31, 95 % CI (0·06, 0·57)) feeding and inversely associated with responsive feeding (β = −0·30, 95 % CI (−0·56, −0·05)). Maternal vocabulary was inversely associated with uninvolved (β = −0·31, 95 % CI (−0·57, −0·06)), restrictive (β = −0·30, 95 % CI (−0·56, −0·04)), indulgent (β = −0·47, 95 % CI (−0·73, −0·21)) and forceful (β = −0·54, 95 % CI (−0·81, −0·28)) feeding. Indulgent feeding was negatively associated with socio-economic status (β = −0·27, 95 % CI (−0·53, −0·00)) and was lower among mothers ≥35 years (β = −0·32, 95 % CI (−0·62, −0·02)). Breast-feeding at 1 year was associated with forceful feeding (β = 0·41, 95 % CI (0·21, 0·61)). No significant associations were found between maternal education, BMI, occupation and feeding styles.Conclusion:Services to identify and assist mothers with depressive symptoms may benefit infant feeding style. Interventions to promote responsive feeding may be important for less educated, younger and socio-economically disadvantaged mothers.
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Land Reclamation on Steady‐State Seawater Extent in Coastal Aquifers
Authors: Zhang Jia , Lu Chunhui , Werner Adrian D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrevious studies of the effects of land reclamation on the extent of seawater in coastal aquifers have assumed that the reclaimed area penetrates to the impermeable base of aquifer, and that the seawater in the aquifer is entirely contained within reclaimed sediments. The current study extends previous research into the effects of reclamation on groundwater levels and seawater extent by developing new analytical expressions for the steady‐state heads and non‐dispersive freshwater‐seawater interface for situations where reclaimed soils overly permeable aquifer material. Situations involving reclaimed soils that are more permeable or less permeable than the original aquifer are explored. Sand‐tank experiments and associated numerical simulations (in 2D cross section) were undertaken to evaluate assumptions adopted in developing the solutions, which include an empirical correction to account for dispersion effects. Sand tank solute distributions are well matched to numerical modeling results, and provide validation of analytical solutions and the associated simplifications. Application of the new solution demonstrates that both the water level rise and the seaward shift of seawater extent caused by reclamation are modified with the inclusion of the underlying permeable layer, depending on permeability contrasts and the reclaimed area size. For example, if the reclaimed soil is less permeable than the original aquifer, water level rise and the seawater extent shift are reduced with the inclusion of an underlying permeable layer. The analytical solution developed in this study can provide rapid guidance on the changes to seawater extent and groundwater levels caused by land reclamation in otherwise permeable substrate.