bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les enjeux
Authors: Demoustier Séverine 
Published: August 2021

Nouveaux modes de vie, montée de l’individualisme et du consumérisme, développement d’une société inclusive et promotion du concept de participation, vieillissement de la population et problématique de la dépendance, évolution des formes de pauvreté, complexification des besoins sociaux, évolution des familles, flux migratoires, enjeux climatiques, apogée du numérique, nouveau rapport au travail, transformation des formes d’engagement, nouvelles interventions sociales, rapport différent à la vulnérabilité et au handicap en particulier…, autant d’évolutions qui impactent la façon de penser, concevoir et mettre en œuvre des accompagnements en direction de personnes en situation de vulnérabilité, temporaire ou durable. Ces dernières sont considérées de plus en plus comme des sujets en capacité d’agir et détenant une expertise d’usage issue de leur vécu. Elles-mêmes ou leurs familles le revendiquent d’ailleurs. Les modalités de « faire travail social », beaucoup basées sur des logiques assistantielles et de domination, que les politiques publiques favorisent, doivent donc évoluer. Sans remettre en question des décennies d’accompagnements qui répondaient à des préoccupations sociales dans un contexte donné, le travail social doit prendre en compte un nouveau paradigme : l’exercice du pouvoir d’agir des personnes et la reconnaissance comme la prise en compte de leurs savoirs expérientiels. Identifier soi-même son problème, activer les ressources de son environnement, confronter son expérience de vie avec des pairs, participent de ce paradigme. Celui-ci n’est cependant pas sans poser un certain nombre de questions ni faire émerger des écueils, de l’injonction à agir au désengagement des politiques publiques, jusqu’au maintien de relations asymétriques entre accompagné et accompagnant. Son développement nécessite une réflexion et le partage de conditions préalables à sa mise en œuvre.
Un autre regard sur les personnes en situation de vulnérabilité
Authors: Kloeditz Sandrine 
Published: August 2021

Notre éducation, l’environnement qui nous est proposé, la confiance qui nous est accordée, construisent nos choix de vie. Pourquoi en serait-il différemment pour les personnes vulnérables et dans cet article plus particulièrement, pour les personnes en situation de handicap ? Qu’est-ce qui nous a construit pour être acteur de nos vies, si ce n’est le regard de l’autre valorisant nos compétences, contribuant à une meilleure estime de nous-mêmes ? Rien de révolutionnaire si ce n’est de considérer toute personne dans sa singularité et dans une reconnaissance de sa place dans notre société.
Pathway-Specific Defects in T, B, and NK Cells and Age-Dependent Development of High IgE in Mice Heterozygous for a CADINS-Associated Dominant Negative CARD11 Allele
Authors: Hutcherson Shelby M , Bedsaul Jacquelyn R , Pomerantz Joel L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
CARD11 is a multidomain scaffold protein required for normal activation of NF-κB, JNK, and mTOR during Ag receptor signaling. Germline CARD11 mutations cause at least three types of primary immunodeficiency including CARD11 deficiency, B cell expansion with NF-κB and T cell anergy (BENTA), and CARD11-associated atopy with dominant interference of NF-κB signaling (CADINS). CADINS is uniquely caused by heterozygous loss-of-function CARD11 alleles that act as dominant negatives. CADINS patients present with frequent respiratory and skin infections, asthma, allergies, and atopic dermatitis. However, precisely how a heterozygous dominant negative CARD11 allele leads to the development of this CADINS-specific cluster of symptoms remains poorly understood. To address this, we generated mice expressing the CARD11 R30W allele originally identified in patients. We find that CARD11R30W/+ mice exhibit impaired signaling downstream of CARD11 that leads to defects in T, B, and NK cell function and immunodeficiency. CARD11R30W/+ mice develop elevated serum IgE levels with 50% penetrance that becomes more pronounced with age, but do not develop spontaneous atopic dermatitis. CARD11R30W/+ mice display reduced regulatory T cell numbers, but not the Th2 expansion observed in other mice with diminished CARD11 activity. Interestingly, the presence of mixed CARD11 oligomers in CARD11R30W/+ mice causes more severe signaling defects in T cells than in B cells, and specifically impacts IFN-γ production by NK cells, but not NK cell cytotoxicity. Our findings help explain the high susceptibility of CADINS patients to infection and suggest that the development of high serum IgE is not sufficient to induce overt atopic symptoms.
Neuropilin-1 Is Expressed on Highly Activated CD4+ Effector T Cells and Dysfunctional CD4+ Conventional T Cells from Naive Mice
Authors: Abberger Hanna , Barthel Romy , Bahr Jasmin , Thiel Jacqueline , Luppus Sina , Buer Jan , Westendorf Astrid M , Hansen Wiebke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) is a well described marker molecule for CD4+Foxp3+ thymus-derived regulatory T cells (Tregs). In addition, a small population of CD4+Foxp3− conventional (conv) T cells expresses Nrp-1 in naive mice, and Nrp-1 expression has been described to be upregulated on activated CD4+ T cells. However, the function of Nrp-1 expression on CD4+ non-Tregs still remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that Nrp-1 expression was induced upon stimulation of CD4+Foxp3− T cells in vitro and during an ongoing immune response in vivo. This activation-induced Nrp-1+CD4+ T cell subset (iNrp-1+) showed a highly activated phenotype in terms of elevated CD25 and CD44 expression, enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines, and increased proliferation compared with the Nrp-1−CD4+ counterpart. In contrast, Nrp-1+CD4+Foxp3− conv T cells from naive mice (nNrp-1+) were dysfunctional. nNrp-1+CD4+ conv T cells upregulated activation-associated molecules to a lesser extent, exhibited impaired proliferation and produced fewer proinflammatory cytokines than Nrp-1−CD4+ conv T cells upon stimulation in vitro. Moreover, the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 was significantly higher on nNrp-1+CD4+Foxp3− T cells compared with iNrp-1+CD4+Foxp3− T cells and Nrp-1−CD4+Foxp3− T cells after stimulation and under homeostatic conditions. Strikingly, transfer of Ag-specific iNrp-1+CD4+ conv T cells aggravated diabetes development, whereas Ag-specific nNrp-1+CD4+ conv T cells failed to induce disease in a T cell transfer model of diabetes. Overall, our results indicate that Nrp-1 expression has opposite functions in recently activated CD4+ non-Tregs compared with CD4+ non-Tregs from naive mice.
Causal Relationship between D-Dimers and Disease Status in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and Adjuvant Effect of Oral Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Dabas Garima , Thakur Vishal , Bishnoi Anuradha , Parsad Davinder , Kumar Ashok , Kumaran Muthu Sendhil 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Besides autoimmunity, recent studies have reported a role of the coagulation cascade in the pathogenesis of urticaria. However, the real-world data regarding the utility of measuring D-dimer levels in patients chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is missing. This study was done to evaluate the D-dimer levels of CSU patients and study the relationship between raised D-dimer levels and disease severity and treatment response.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of all adult (>18 years) CSU patients was done. Complete clinicodemographic data regarding the disease duration and treatment response were noted. Urticaria activity score over 7 days (UAS7) was used to assess disease severity.

Results:
Of total 141 patients, D-dimer levels were raised in 46 CSU patients (32.6%) with mean D-dimer levels at baseline in these patients being 329.53 ± 546.94 ng/ml. The proportion of patients with raised plasma D-dimer levels was higher in patients with severe CSU (12.9%, 27.2%, 54.5% in mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively P < 0.001). No significant differences were found between those with raised D-dimers and those having normal D-dimer levels with respect to age, gender, presence of angioedema, history of atopy, presence of thyroid abnormality, ASST/APST positivity, and serum IgE.

Conclusion:
D-dimer levels parallels the disease severity and can help predict the need for higher dose of antihistamines and second-line therapy in CSU patients.
Human papillomavirus in retinoblastoma: A tertiary eye care center study from South India
Authors: Jeyaprakash Kumar , Shanthini Thennarasu , Kim Usha , Muthukkaruppan Veerappan , Vanniarajan Ayyasamy 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
This study is aimed to investigate the presence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in tumors obtained from sporadic retinoblastoma patients.

Methods:
One hundred six tumor tissues obtained from sporadic RB patients were analyzed for HPV infection by use of both seminested PCR and real-time quantitative PCR.

Results:
Of 106 RB patients, 55 were male and 51 were female. The mean age at diagnosis was 26.77 ± 15.36 (mean ± Std. dev) months. Almost all patients presented with leukocoria. Molecular investigation by different methods revealed no HPV positivity in any tumor genome.

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates no association between HPV and RB, postulating HPV may not be a major risk factor in the etiology of RB.
Comparing keratometry readings with manual separation of lids and wire speculum in children under general anesthesia
Authors: Jethani Jitendra , Porwal Kavita , Porwal Amit , Dave Paaraj , Lalwani Syma , Trivedi Mihika 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
Keratometry (K) readings are crucial for intraocular lens power calculation in cataract surgery. In children who do not cooperate, the keratometry is done under general anesthesia with a handheld autokeratometer. However, there is little consensus regarding the method for the measurement of K readings. The lids can be separated either by fingers or a wire speculum may be placed to separate the lids for measurement.

Methods:
The children selected for the study were patients cooperative for keratometry reading. Nidek KM-500 handheld keratometer was used first in the awake period. Then under general anesthesia, readings were taken first by separating the lids manually with fingers and then after putting a wire speculum in both the eyes.

Results:
The average keratometry reading for participants in the OPD, anesthetized with lids manually opened and with lids separated with speculum was 44.7 ± 1.7 D, 44.4 ± 1.9 D, and 44.7 ± 1.7 D, respectively.

Conclusion:
No significant change was observed in keratometry values in children with manual separation of eyelids or with wire speculum.
Should parents be present during screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity?
Authors: Kara Caner , Özdemir Özdemir , Petriçli İkbal S , Acar Damla E , Tunay Zuhal Ö 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To investigate whether parents should be present during screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by investigating the anxiety levels of parents using two different approaches.

Methods:
This cross-sectional and two-center study was carried out with the parents at the time of the first ROP screening examination of their premature infants. At one center, the parents accompanied the infants during the ROP examination (Group 1), and in the other center, they did not (Group 2). Anxiety levels were assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which consists of the State Anxiety (STAI-S) and Trait Anxiety (STAI-T) subscales and a visual analog scale (VAS).

Results:
A total of 147 parents of 127 infants were included in the study. STAI-T and -S levels were 40.5 ± 8 and 37.9 ± 7.5, respectively, in Group 1 and 39.6 ± 8.1 and 39.4 ± 9.1 in Group 2 before the examination. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of these values between the two groups (P > 0.05). The state anxiety levels increased by an average of 1.7 ± 8 in Group 1 and reached 39.6 ± 10.1 after the examination. In Group 2, these levels decreased by an average of − 2.7 ± 7.5 points to a score of 36.4 ± 10.3. This difference was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.001). A similar pattern was observed in the evaluation of the VAS data.

Conclusion:
As a preliminary opinion, it may be more appropriate for parents to not participate in screening examinations, but single-center controlled studies are required to confirm the results.
Comparison of peribulbar block and subtenon infiltration in pediatric enucleation for retinoblastoma
Authors: Kalaiyarasan Ramkumar , Shende Dilip , Parthiban Magesh , Lomi Neiwete 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
Enucleation performed in children with retinoblastoma is associated with severe postoperative pain. The use of opioids for the pain is associated with numerous complications which demand careful monitoring. Subtenon infiltration and peribulbar block are useful in ameliorating pain perioperatively following various ophthalmic surgeries which are yet to be evaluated in enucleation. Therefore, we designed this study to compare the effects of peribulbar block and subtenon infiltration on postoperative pain with opioids in pediatric enucleation surgeries.

Methods:
60 children of American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I and II, age ranging from 6 months to 6 years with retinoblastoma undergoing enucleation surgery were included in the study. Group A (n = 20): received peribulbar block (peribulbar group); Group B (n = 20): received subtenon local infiltration (subtenon group); and Group C (n = 20): no block was given.

Results:
The postoperative fentanyl consumption was lowest with Group B compared to Group A and Group C (P value 0.001). However, the total fentanyl consumption was comparable between groups A and B, while it was significantly higher in the control group. The mean pain score face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scale and mean time to discharge from post anesthesia care unit were lowest in Group B followed by Group A, while Group C had the highest. There was no statistically significant difference among the 3 groups with regards to side effects.

Conclusion:
Subtenon infiltration showed significantly better outcomes when compared to peribulbar block and intravenous opioids alone without any untoward adverse effects.
Outcomes of early versus deferred laser after intravitreal ranibizumab in aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Gangwe Anil Babanrao , Agrawal Deepshikha , Gangrade Aashish Kumar , Parchand Swapnil Madhukar , Agrawal Deepanshu , Azad Raj Vardhan 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to report the treatment outcomes of early and deferred laser in infants of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) after initial treatment with intravitreal Ranibizumab (IVR).

Methods:
In a prospective, randomized, interventional study, infants with APROP received IVR (0.25 mg) and were randomized into two groups prior to laser. Laser was done at 1 week (group 1) or at 6 weeks or earlier if there was a recurrence of plus disease (group 2). The structural outcome, number of laser spots, duration of laser procedure and refractive error at 6 months were compared. Favorable structural outcome was defined as, complete regression of disease at 6 weeks after laser.

Results:
63 eyes of 32 infants with APROP were enrolled. Mean gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) were 30.2 ± 2.3 weeks and 1294 ± 372.8 grams respectively. GA, BW, and disease severity were comparable at baseline. 27 (90%) eyes in group 1 and 29 (93.5%) eyes in group 2 had favorable structural outcome (P = 0.61) at 6 weeks after laser. Eyes in group 2 (2149.8 ± 688.7) required lesser number of laser spots than group 1 (2570.8 ± 615) (P = 0.01). At six months, more eyes in group 1 had myopic refractive error (Mean spherical equivalent: –1.0D ± 1.3) than those in group 2 (Mean spherical equivalent: 0.5D ± 1.9) (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Infants with APROP receiving IVR have comparable structural outcomes after an early or deferred laser. Moreover, eyes undergoing deferred laser require less number of laser spots and have a less myopia at 6 months after laser.
Goniotomy for initial and re-surgery for childhood glaucoma in Northern India
Authors: Kaushik Sushmita , Gupta Gaurav , Thattaruthody Faisal , Dhingra Deepika , Kumari Kiran , Arora Atul , Snehi Sagarika , Raj Srishti , Pandav Surinder S 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe the effectiveness of goniotomy for childhood glaucoma in Indian eyes.

Methods:
Consecutive patients with pediatric glaucoma who underwent goniotomy between July 2017 and June 2020, in a single center in Northwest India were prospectively analyzed. Goniotomy was done as a primary procedure or a re-do surgery of the untreated angle in failed filtering surgery. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) ≦ 18 mm Hg with or without 2 topical medications.

Results:
A total of 172 eyes of 126 children underwent goniotomy during this period (37.9% of all pediatric glaucoma surgeries). Goniotomy comprised 132 of 211 (62.5%) primary pediatric glaucoma surgeries and 40 of 243 (16.5%) re-do surgeries. 145, 112, and 54 eyes had a six months, 1-year and 2-year follow-up, respectively. At 1 year, success rates in Primary Congenital Glaucoma (PCG) were 79.7% for primary surgery and 68.4% for re-do surgery. For non-PCG eyes, the success rate was 62% at 1 year. Among PCG subgroups, infantile and newborn glaucoma had 87.5% and 57.1% success rates, respectively. On logistic regression analysis, lower baseline IOP and lesser axial length at presentation were significantly predictive of successful outcomes (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). At 1 year, in the primary surgery group, 50% had good vision (better than logMAR 0.5), 28.9% had moderate (better than LOGMAR 1.0) and 20% had severe visual impairment. There were no significant intraoperative or post-operative complications.

Conclusion:
Goniotomy appears to be an effective surgery for childhood glaucoma in Indian eyes. Being minimally invasive, it obviates the need for conjunctival and scleral dissection and antifibrotic agents.
Normative magnetic resonance imaging measurements of orbital structures in pediatric population of North-Eastern India: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Boruah Deb K , Dutta Hemonta K , Sarma Kalyan , Hazarika Karuna , Sharma Barun K , Goswami Ananya 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
The people of Northeast India comprise mostly of Mongoloid descent with characteristic craniofacial features. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal orbital structures with MRI and determine normative data in the Northeast Indian pediatric population.

Methods:
MRI images of the 302 orbits of 151 pediatric patients below 16 years of age were retrospectively evaluated to measure the various orbital structures. Both axial and coronal MRI images were utilized for various orbital measurements. An independent sample t-test was done to compare various orbital data according to the sex and side. Linear regression was also done.

Results:
The mean age of the pediatric population was 9.64 ± 1.47 years with a male: Female ratio of 1.13:1. The mean interzygomatic line was 88.4 ± 9.09 mm and the interorbital line was 22.18 ± 3.62 mm. The mean thicknesses of medial, lateral, superior, and inferior recti muscles were 2.58 ± 0.46, 2.34 ± 0.42, 2.16 ± 0.40, and 2.53 ± 0.49 mm in males and 2.41 ± 0.41, 2.08 ± 0.34, 2.08 ± 0.46, and 2.46 ± 0.49 mm in females. The mean horizontal orbital, vertical orbital diameters, orbital index, mean volume of eyeball, and orbital cavity were 30.27 ± 2.97,3 7.06 ± 3.57, 122.58 ± 7.39, 4.63 ± 0.84, and 15.29 ± 3.52 in males, while 29.16 ± 3.23, 34.96 ± 3.99,119.96 ± 7.31, 4.49 ± 0.87, and 14.65 ± 3.47 in females, respectively. With an increase in age, the interzygomatic line (r = 0.883, r
2 = 0.780; P < 0.0005), anterior medial interorbital line (r = 0.808, r
2 = 0.652; P < 0.0005), mean volume of eyeball (r = 0.915, r
2 = 0.838; P < 0.0005), orbital cavity (r = 0.924, r
2 = 0.854; P < 0.0005), and distance between the optic nerve entry site (r = 0.829, r
2 = 0.687; P < 0.0005) were increased.

Conclusion:
This study provides normative data of various orbital structures in a pediatric population and these data likely to be useful for diagnosing various pediatric orbital disorders and helps in the planning of various surgical procedures of orbits.
Assessment of Mental Health Among Dental Professionals in North India During COVID-19 Global Pandemic
Authors: Khatri Amit , Sabherwal Puja , Oberoi Sukhvinder Singh , Kalra Namita , Tyagi Rishi , Yangdol Padma 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a toll on mental health status of all health-care workers. Among them, dentists are at high risk due to being in close contact, facing moral responsibilities to reduce routine work, and financial implications which follow. We performed a study to assess the mental health status of dental professionals all over North India in present times.

Materials and Methods:
A structured 27-item questionnaire developed on Google forms was circulated to dentists across North India. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Scale was used to assess/grade depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 was used to screen/grade anxiety and worry/fear regarding other related aspects was studied.

Results:
One hundred and fifty-five responses were obtained, and data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 25.0. All participants belonged to the age range of 23–65 years with 78 males, 76 females, and 1 other. A majority of dentists (59.4%) were experiencing depression and considerable proportions (46.5%) were experiencing anxiety. Nearly all dentists (98.1%) were worried about changing dental practices and majority (72.9%) were fearful of doing aerosol procedure despite using protective equipment. The data were further analyzed for variation based on gender, qualification, years of experience, and job.

Conclusion:
In a pandemic, amidst burden of physical/financial needs, psychological needs are often overlooked. Currently, a considerable portion of dentists across North India are already experiencing mental health issues, there is a need to implement strategies to tackle the same.
Wastewater-Based Epidemiology of Enteric Viruses and Surveillance of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness Outbreaks in a Resource-Limited Region
Authors: Chacón Luz , Morales Eric , Valiente Carmen , Reyes Liliana , Barrantes Kenia 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
Acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality among all ages. This study applied the principles of wastewater-based epidemiology for the preventive identification of potential outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis and hepatitis A by analyzing the presence of human enteric viruses in influents of small municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) handling domestic sewage, together with public health reports of acute diarrheal and hepatitis A disease in Costa Rica during 2013. Raw wastewater samples were collected during four seasonal periods with different rainfall levels. The presence of five human enteric viruses (rotavirus A, norovirus GI, norovirus GII, enterovirus, and hepatitis A virus) was studied by endpoint and real-time polymerase chain reaction in influents of five WWTPs. Cases of AGI were analyzed using historical public health reports of endemic levels and quartile ranges for each administrative and territorial area where the WWTPs are located and for its surrounding counties. A tendency for a higher rate of positive viral tests was present 1 week before an increase of AGI cases. Epidemiological weeks categorized as Outbreak (above the 75th percentile) and Success (below the 25th percentile) showed statistically significant differences in terms of positive viral test rates (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.05). Virological monitoring of wastewater in small WWTPs is an appropriate model for epidemiological surveillance of diarrheal and hepatitis A diseases in low- and middle-resource countries.