bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating the stable carbon isotope 13C in the ocean biogeochemical component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model
Authors: Liu Bo , Six Katharina D. , Ilyina Tatiana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) is an important variable to study the ocean carbon cycle across different timescales.
We include a new representation of the stable carbon isotope 13C into the HAMburg Ocean Carbon Cycle model (HAMOCC), the ocean biogeochemical component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM).
13C is explicitly resolved for all oceanic carbon pools considered. We account for fractionation during air–sea gas exchange and for biological fractionation ϵp associated with photosynthetic carbon fixation during phytoplankton growth.
We examine two ϵp parameterisations of different complexity: ϵpPopp varies with surface dissolved CO2 concentration (Popp et al., 1989), while ϵpLaws additionally depends on local phytoplankton growth rates (Laws et al., 1995).
When compared to observations of δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), both parameterisations yield similar performance. However, with regard to δ13C in particulate organic carbon (POC) ϵpPopp shows a considerably improved performance compared to ϵpLaws. This is because ϵpLaws produces too strong a preference for 12C, resulting in δ13CPOC that is too low in our model.
The model also well reproduces the global oceanic anthropogenic CO2 sink and the oceanic 13C Suess effect, i.e. the intrusion and distribution of the isotopically light anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean. The satisfactory model performance of the present-day oceanic δ13C distribution using ϵpPopp and of the anthropogenic CO2 uptake allows us to further investigate the potential sources of uncertainty of the Eide et al. (2017a) approach for estimating the oceanic 13C Suess effect.
Eide et al. (2017a) derived the first global oceanic 13C Suess effect estimate based on observations. They have noted a potential underestimation, but their approach does not provide any insight about the cause.
By applying the Eide et al. (2017a) approach to the model data we are able to investigate in detail potential sources of underestimation of the 13C Suess effect.
Based on our model we find underestimations of the 13C Suess effect at 200 m by 0.24 ‰ in the Indian Ocean, 0.21 ‰ in the North Pacific, 0.26 ‰ in the South Pacific, 0.1 ‰ in the North Atlantic and 0.14 ‰ in the South Atlantic.
We attribute the major sources of underestimation to two assumptions in the Eide et al. (2017a) approach: the spatially uniform preformed component of δ13CDIC in year 1940 and the neglect of processes that are not directly linked to the oceanic uptake and transport of chlorofluorocarbon-12 (CFC-12) such as the decrease in δ13CPOC over the industrial period. The new 13C module in the ocean biogeochemical component of MPI-ESM shows satisfying performance. It is a useful tool to study the ocean carbon sink under the anthropogenic influences, and it will be applied to investigating variations of ocean carbon cycle in the past.
Holocene sea level and environmental change at the southern Cape – an 8.5 kyr multi-proxy paleoclimate record from Lake Voëlvlei, South Africa
Authors: Strobel Paul , Bliedtner Marcel , Carr Andrew S. , Frenzel Peter , Klaes Björn , Salazar Gary , Struck Julian , Szidat Sönke , Zech Roland , Haberzettl Torsten 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. South Africa is a key region to reconstruct and understand past changes in
atmospheric circulation, i.e. temperate westerlies and tropical easterlies.
However, due to the scarcity of natural archives, South Africa's
environmental evolution during the late Quaternary remains highly debated.
Many available sediment archives are peri-coastal lakes and wetlands;
however, the paleoenvironmental signals in these archives are often
overprinted by sea-level changes during the Holocene. This study presents a
new record from the coastal wetland Voëlvlei, which is situated in the
year-round rainfall zone of South Africa on the southern Cape coast. It
presents an ideal sedimentary archive to investigate both sea level and
environmental changes. A 13 m long sediment core was retrieved and analysed using a multi-proxy approach. The chronology reveals a basal age of 8440 +200/-250 cal BP. Paleoecological and elemental analyses
indicate marine incursions from ca. 8440 to ca. 7000 cal BP with a salinity optimum occurring at 7090 +170/-200 cal BP. At
ca. 6000 cal BP, the basin of Voëlvlei was in-filled with sediment resulting in an intermittent (sporadically desiccated) freshwater lake similar to present. In contrast to previous investigations which used indirect proxies for
hydrological reconstructions, here we apply a combined
biomarker–sedimentological approach that allows the potential identification of precipitation sources, in combination with relative estimates of moisture availability. Increasing moisture is observed throughout the record starting from 8440 +200/-250 cal BP with contributions from both westerlies and easterlies from ca. 8440 to ca. 7070 cal BP. Westerly-derived rainfall dominates from ca. 7070 to ca. 6420 cal BP followed by a distinct shift to an easterly dominance at ca. 6420 cal BP. An overall trend to westerly dominance lasting until ca. 2060 cal BP is followed by a trend towards an easterly dominance to the present, but both phases show several intense, short-term variations. These variations are also evident in other regional studies, highlighting that the source and seasonality of precipitation has varied distinctly on the southern Cape during the Holocene. Comparison of the Voëlvlei record with other regional studies suggests a coherent trend in the overall moisture evolution along the southern Cape coast during the past 8500 years.
The impact and resolution of the GPS week number rollover of April 2019 on autonomous geophysical instrument platforms
Authors: Coyle Shane , Clauer C. Robert , Hartinger Michael D. , Xu Zhonghua , Peng Yuxiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Instrument platforms the world over often rely on GPS or similar satellite constellations for accurate timekeeping and synchronization. This reliance can create problems when the timekeeping counter aboard a satellite overflows and begins a new epoch. Due to the rarity of these events (19.6 years for GPS), software designers may be unaware of such circumstance or may choose to ignore it for development complexity considerations. Although it is impossible to predict every fault that may occur in a complicated system, there are a few “best practices” that can allow for graceful fault recovery and restorative action. These guiding principles are especially pertinent for instrument platforms operating in space or in remote locations like Antarctica, where restorative maintenance is both difficult and expensive. In this work, we describe how these principles apply to a communications failure on autonomous adaptive low-power instrument platforms (AAL-PIP) deployed in Antarctica. In particular, we describe how code execution patterns were subtly altered after the GPS week number rollover of April 2019, how this led to Iridium satellite communications and data collection failures, and how communications and data collection were ultimately restored. Finally, we offer some core tenets of instrument platform design as guidance for future development.
Acoustic velocity measurements for detecting the crystal orientation fabrics of a temperate ice core
Authors: Hellmann Sebastian , Grab Melchior , Kerch Johanna , Löwe Henning , Bauder Andreas , Weikusat Ilka , Maurer Hansruedi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The crystal orientation fabric (COF) in ice cores provides detailed information, such as grain size and distribution and the orientation of the crystals in relation to the large-scale glacier flow.
These data are relevant for a profound understanding of the dynamics and deformation history of glaciers and ice sheets.
The intrinsic, mechanical anisotropy of the ice crystals causes an anisotropy of the polycrystalline ice of glaciers and affects the velocity of acoustic waves propagating through the ice.
Here, we employ such acoustic waves to obtain the seismic anisotropy of ice core samples and compare the results with calculated acoustic velocities derived from COF analyses.
These samples originate from an ice core from Rhonegletscher (Rhone Glacier), a temperate glacier in the Swiss Alps.
Point-contact transducers transmit ultrasonic P waves with a dominant frequency of 1 MHz into the ice core samples and measure variations in the travel times of these waves for a set of azimuthal angles.
In addition, the elasticity tensor is obtained from laboratory-measured COF, and we calculate the associated seismic velocities.
We compare these COF-derived velocity profiles with the measured ultrasonic profiles.
Especially in the presence of large ice grains, these two methods show significantly different velocities since the ultrasonic measurements examine a limited volume of the ice core, whereas the COF-derived velocities are integrated over larger parts of the core.
This discrepancy between the ultrasonic and COF-derived profiles decreases with an increasing number of grains that are available within the sampling volume, and both methods provide consistent results in the presence of a similar amount of grains.
We also explore the limitations of ultrasonic measurements and provide suggestions for improving their results.
These ultrasonic measurements could be employed continuously along the ice cores.
They are suitable to support the COF analyses by bridging the gaps between discrete measurements since these ultrasonic measurements can be acquired within minutes and do not require an extensive preparation of ice samples when using point-contact transducers.
WRF-simulated low-level jets over Iowa: characterization and sensitivity studies
Authors: Aird Jeanie A. , Barthelmie Rebecca J. , Shepherd Tristan J. , Pryor Sara C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Output from 6 months of high-resolution simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are analyzed to characterize local low-level jets (LLJs) over Iowa for winter and spring in the contemporary climate. Low-level jets affect rotor plane aerodynamic loading, turbine structural loading and turbine performance, and thus accurate characterization and identification are pertinent. Analyses using a detection algorithm wherein the wind speed above and below the jet maximum must be below 80 % of the jet wind speed within a vertical window of
approximately 20–530 m a.g.l. (above ground level) indicate the presence of an LLJ in at least one of the 14 700 4 km×4 km grid cells over Iowa on 98 % of nights. Nocturnal LLJs are most frequently associated with stable stratification and low turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and hence are more frequent during the winter months. The spatiotemporal mean LLJ maximum (jet core) wind speed is 9.55 m s−1, and the mean height is 182 m. Locations of high LLJ frequency and duration across the state are seasonally varying, with a mean duration of 3.5 h. The highest frequency occurs in the topographically complex northwest of the state in winter and in the flatter northeast of the state in spring. Sensitivity of LLJ characteristics to the (i) LLJ definition and (ii) vertical resolution at which the WRF output is sampled is examined. LLJ definitions commonly used in the literature are considered in the first sensitivity analysis. These sensitivity analyses indicate that LLJ characteristics are highly variable with definition. Use of different definitions identifies both different frequencies of LLJs and different LLJ events. Further, when the model output is down-sampled to lower vertical resolution, the mean jet core wind speed height decreases, but spatial distributions of regions of high frequency and duration are conserved. Implementation of a polynomial interpolation to extrapolate down-sampled output to full-resolution results in reduced sensitivity of LLJ characteristics to down-sampling.
Comparative analysis of editorial pages of Dawn and Jang to investigate the framing of US-Pakistan relations: Ten years before and after 9/11
Authors: Darakshan Maha e , Shamsuddin Muhammad , Maqbool Hafsa 
Published: July 2021

This study is based on the comparative analysis of the editorial pages of Dawn and Jang to explore the framing of US-Pakistan relations ten years before and after 9/11. The time period selected for this study is presented in phases: Phase A from 1990 to 2000) and Phase B (from 2001-2011). The relation between Pakistan and the US during the above-mentioned phases can be categorized into periods of engagements (where Pakistan enjoyed the status of the most trusted ally without compromising its regional interest) and periods of disengagements (where Pakistan faced US sanctions and was left alone to deal with the aftermath of the Afghan war and the war on terrorism). Hence, the understudied period provides an interesting insight into how Dawn and Jang framed the issue of US-Pakistan relations on their editorial pages.
MEMBANGKITKAN UMKM DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Lestari Nasution Winda Suci , Nusa Patriot , Putra Syahrizal Dwi 
Published: July 2021

Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan salah satu unit usaha yang berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan perekonomian di Indonesia. UMKM juga merupakan salah satu penyokong perekonomian di Indonesia khususnya pada masyarakat golongan bawah dan menengah. UMKM memiliki peran strategis dalam upaya pemerintah dalam mengatasi kemiskinan dan pengangguran, karena UMKM dapat menyerap tenaga kerja sehingga pengangguran akibat tidak terserapnya angkatan kerja dalam dunia kerja menjadi berkurang. Pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi melanda seluruh dunia, secara global, termasuk Indonesia, tentu saja berdampak terhadap berbagai sektor terutama di sektor ekonomi. Himbauan untuk mencegah mata rantai penyebaran virus ini mengharuskan masyarakat untuk berdiam diri di rumah dan mengurangi kegiatan di luar rumah. Semua sendi kehidupan terpengaruhi dan dipaksa untuk mengubah pola hidup, pola kerja, pola berpikir dan pola-pola lain yang dijalankan manusia. Dampak negatif akibat pandemi COVID-19 ini telah menghambat pertumbuhan UMKM. Indonesia yang didominasi oleh UMKM sebagai tulang punggung perekonomian nasional terdampak oleh adanya pandemi COVID-19, bukan hanya pada aspek produksi dan pendapatan saja namun juga pada jumlah tenaga kerja yang harus dikurangi dan lain-lain. UMKM kurang memiliki ketahanan dan fleksibilitas dalam menghadapi pandemi COVID-19 ini dikarenakan beberapa hal seperti tingkat digitalisasi yang masih rendah, kesulitan dalam mengakses teknologi dan kurangnya pemahaman tentang strategi bertahan dalam bisnis.
PENERAPAN SISTEM KEGIATAN BELAJAR DAN MENGAJAR DALAM INSTRUMEN SERTIFIKASI DOSEN PROFESIONAL MENGGUNAKAN METODE SMART
Authors: Yasin Verdi 
Published: July 2021

Penerapan system kegiatan belajar dan mengajar (KBM) perlu mengikuti perkembangan teknologi informasi dan sistem digital berbasis multimedia. Kebutuhan model belajar dan mengajar yang inovasi, maka perlu ada suatu metode yang tepat guna, sedangkan konsep metode belajar dan mengajar harus mengikut kebutuhan pasar dan standar kelayakan kompetensi seorang dosen. Maka untuk itu Pemakalah/Pemateri (Narasumber) menganalisis suatu metode yang tepat guna yakni Metode SMART. Metode SMART Merupakan akronim dari S=Simple, M=Modern-more innovative, A=Accountable, R=Responsive, T=Transparent . Prinsipel proses kegiatan belajar dan mengajar menggunakan metode SMART ialah semua kegiatan belajar dan mengajar, penelitian dan publikasi, serta pengabdian masyarakat yang laksanakan oleh dosen sebagai wujud Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi, harus memilki bukti rekam jejak pada sistem informasi dan sistem digital dan multimedia, berupa Link Publikasi, Foto Acara, Rekaman Audio dan Video, dan semuanya transparan dan bertanggungjawab setiap momen kegiatan dan dilengkapi dengan dokumentasi digital.
Những đặc điểm của nhà nước - thành thị Hy Lạp cổ đại
Authors: Lê Trương Ánh Ngọc 
Published: July 2021

Một đặc điểm quan trọng bậc nhất của văn minh Hy Lạp cổ đại là tổ chức nhà nước - thành thị (polis). Xã hội và nhà nước hòa làm một trong nhà nước - thành thị. Bài viết tâp trung làm rõ đặc điểm của nhà nước - thành thị trong nền văn hóa Hy Lạp cổ đại: nhà nước - thành thị căn cứ trên sự cân bằng giữa sở hữu xã hội và sở hữu tư nhân; sự thống nhất ở bên trong nhà nước - thành thị dựa trên sức mạnh sự hợp tác và liên minh,… Dựa trên những đặc điểm này để từ đó thấy được nhà nước - thành thị là chìa khóa phát hiện sự vĩ đại của văn hóa Hy Lạp - một dân tộc nhỏ bé nhưng đã đặt nền móng cơ sở cho văn hóa châu Âu trong vòng hai thế kỷ.
Mini-invasive correction of acute calcular cholecystitis in pregnant women
Authors: Abdullozoda D. A. , Davlatzoda Kh. B. , Sayfudinov Sh. Sh. 
Published: July 2021

Aim.To improve the results of treatment of pregnant women with acute calculous cholecystitis.Material and methods.This study is a prospective analysis of the observation results of 120 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis in different periods of pregnancy who were examined and treated at the city institution “Medical Complex Istiqlol” in Dushanbe for the period from 2018 to 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (intervention) included 70 pregnant women with ACC in different trimesters of pregnancy, where individual treatment methods were used; group 2 (control) included 50 pregnant women who received generally accepted existing methods of treatment.Results and discussion.Postoperative complications after cholecystectomy in patients of the intervention group were observed in 3 (7.3%) cases, and in the control group, in 9 (26.5%) cases. There were no lethal outcomes and 2 (5.9%) cases in the main group.Conclusions.Thus, minimally invasive interventions are the operation of choice during the preservation and absence of signs of intrauterine fetal hypoxia and the ineffectiveness of complex conservative therapy, regardless of the timing of gestation. The implementation of modern minimally invasive surgical interventions has a signiﬁcant advantage over the generally accepted traditional tactics.
Modern trends in complex treatment of children with dacryocystitis
Authors: Ziyozoda M. R. , Rakhmatova R. A. , Nabiev Z. N. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of modern methods of therapy for children with complicated dacryocystitis.Materials and methods. We have studied the results of clinical observations of 75 children in the Pediatric ophthalmological department of the SI “NMC Shifobakhsh” of the MoHSP of RT. The age of children ranged from 7 days to 3 years. 60 children had chronic and 15 phlegmonous dacryocystitis. Immediately after the patients were admitted to the department, clinical and laboratory studies were carried out before the start of antibiotic therapy, inoculum (the contents of the lacrimal sac) was examined to determine the nature of the microﬂora.Results and discussions. It was found that one of the main causative agents of a purulent inﬂammatory process in children with dacryocystitis is Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 34; 45.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 11; 15%). Also, 6 (8.7%) children were diagnosed with mixed infection - association of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pneumococcus pneumoniae. In 5 (7.3%) cases, the culture was sterile.Conclusion. Thus, the current strategic direction in the antibacterial treatment of these diseases is the use of the latest generation of antibiotics, to which there are few resistant strains. Such medicines include ﬂuoroquinolones - levoﬂoxacin and oﬂoxacin.
Features of gas composition and acid-base state of blood in newborns with intrauterine infections
Authors: Ismoilov K. I. , Muzaffarov Sh. S. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To study the features of the gas composition and acid-base state in newborns with speciﬁc intrauterine infections.Material and methods. The examination was conducted based on the neonatal pathology unit of the SI NMCShifobakhsh.The degree of oxygenation of blood and skin was determined using daily pulse-oximetry. The partial pressure of gases and the study of the acid-base state (CBS) of blood was carried out using Convergys/liquid device.Result and discussion. The results of our study of blood gases and the acid-base indicator of blood in newborns with severe IUI showed noticeable hypoxemia, moderate hypercapnia, and a deﬁciency of buffer States, which indicate a violation of gas exchange function in the lungs with the development of compensatory respiratory-metabolic acidosis in children of this group. In patients with a very severe course of IUI, as the syndrome of respiratory disorders and the severity of hyperventilation syndrome increased, deeper changes in blood gas parameters and the acid-base state of the blood were noted. It indicates signiﬁcant damage to the ventilation function of the lungs, diffuse perfusion processes, gas, and acid-base homeostasis.Conclusions. Impairment of the function of organs and systems that developed against the background of a severe or very severe course of IUI, depending on the degree of severity of deviations in blood gas parameters and acid-base balance, shows the need for adequate corrective therapy.
The diagnostics of fat embolism syndrome at multitrauma
Authors: Naimov A. M. , Razzokov A. A. 
Published: July 2021

Aim.To improve diagnostics of fat embolism syndrome in patients with multitrauma.Material and methods.The study included 250 patients with multitrauma at the age of 18 to 60 years that received treatment during 2014-2010. There were 174 (69.6%) men and 76 (30.4%) women. The patients were divided into two groups. The main group included 128 (51, 2%) patients with multitrauma, in whom the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of fat embolism syndrome were carried out using improved approaches. The control group of 122 (48, 8%) patients with multitrauma received a diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of fat embolism syndrome using traditional approaches.Results and methods.Comprehensive analysis of data with the formalization and standardization of data by comparing the frequency of symptoms in the group of patients with and without fat embolism syndrome helped to reveal integral criteria for the diagnosis of various clinical manifestations of this symptom-complex were identiﬁed. Based on the data obtained, a highly effective method for the diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome has been developed. In the main group, differentiated treatment of patients using the developed approaches contributed to an increase in the proportion of positive results (43.7%) and a decrease in unsatisfactory results (8.6%) and mortality (8.6%). In the control group, satisfactory (36.0%) and unsatisfactory results (15.6%), as well as lethal outcomes (16.4%), prevailed.Conclusion. The use of improved approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of fat embolism syndrome and the construction of treatment tactics on this basis are among the effective ways to improve the results of multitrauma.