bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between leadership styles and employee commitment
Authors: Nanjundeswaraswamy T. S. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe aim of this study is to identify the association between leadership styles (LS) and employee commitment(EC) among employees working in the mechanical manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), mediated by job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThe research is cross-sectional and the survey method was used, and Pearson correlation analyses, regression analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to examine the hypothesis. A sample of 911 responses was collected from 102 mechanical manufacturing SMEs in and around Bangalore, India.FindingsEC depends on the age, the experience of employees, LS of the superior and job satisfaction of employees who are working in the mechanical manufacturing SMEs. The research found out that job satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between LS and EC.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is cross-sectional in nature; it measures and quantifies the different variables at a single point period; therefore, the research does not offer outcomes over a long period.Practical implicationsTo enhance the commitment of employees working in the mechanical manufacturing SMEs, managers/superiors should make an effort to exhibit a holistic view of LS that enhances job satisfaction and improves the pleasant relationship in the work environment.Social implicationsIn the competitive business environment retaining skilled and talented employees is the major challenge for the organization. Many research studies explored that committed employees will retain in the organization for a long tenure. Thus, our study contributes to the body of the literature on predictors of EC. It is noted that the involvement of employees by the leaders during the decision-making process, creates an effective working ambience for the employees and establishes a pleasant relationship among employees. The leader will motivate the employees to work efficiently and effectively, in addition to that they motivate employees to continue working with the same organization. Hence there is a need for the mechanical manufacturing firms to design and implement strategies of motivating employees to remain in the organization. Our study was cross-sectional in nature; it measures and quantifies the different variables at a single point period; therefore, research does not offer outcomes over a long period. Hence a longitudinal study over some time gives more accurate outcomes, and it is more appropriate. This study focused on employees working in the mechanical manufacturing firms, in and around Bangalore, India; therefore, findings cannot be generalized to all employees of the mechanical manufacturing firms.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the existing literature by exploring further evidence and support for the relationship between LS and EC in mechanical manufacturing SMEs. And research also reveals that job satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between the LS and EC in mechanical manufacturing SMEs.
Effects of deglycosylation and the Maillard reaction on conformation and allergenicity of the egg ovomucoid
Authors: Ma Junjie , Zhou Jinru , Chen Lerong , Zhang Hong , Wang Yanbo , Fu Linglin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOvomucoid (OVM), known as the major allergen in egg white, has gained increasing concerns in industrialized countries. Here, we found the deglycosylation and Maillard reaction with galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) can induce conformational transformation of OVM from other structures (β‐turn, strang, and random coils) to α‐helix. We also introduced an approach to reduce the allergenicity of Gallus domesticus OVM by Maillard reaction with GOS and FOS. However, the OVM glycated by mannosan (MOS) and deglycosylated OVM exhibited higher allergenicity than native OVM. Therefore, GOS and FOS, especially GOS, could be applied in the reduction of the potential allergenicity of OVM through glycation. Furthermore, these findings may provide new insights into the development of hypoallergenic egg products.Practical ApplicationIn this study, the allergenicity and conformation of OVM treated with deglycosylation and glycation (GOS, FOS, and MOS) were investigated. The results would provide a better understanding of the effects of deglycosylation and Maillard reaction with different reducing sugars on the molecular characteristics of OVM and further provide new insights into the development of hypoallergenic egg products.
Patterns of use of oral health care services in Australian rural adults: the Crossroads‐II Dental sub‐study
Authors: Mariño R , Glenister K , Bourke L , Morgan M , Atala‐Acevedo C , Simmons D 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs part of a larger study, the Crossroads‐II Dental sub‐study determined the patterns of, and barriers to, oral health care service utilization in a rural area of Victoria.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional sub‐study predisposing, enabling, needs‐related, and oral health variables were considered in association with patterns of oral health care utilization. A logistic regression was performed to explain the use of oral health care services.ResultsOverall, 574 adults participated, with 50.9% reporting having visited an oral health care service in the previous 12 months. Age, number of chronic health conditions and holding a health card; were associated with increased visit to a dentist (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00–1.03; OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01–1.16; OR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.26–3.36, respectively). Perceived barriers to care and number of missing teeth decreased the odds of using services (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.36–0.58; OR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92–0.98, respectively).ConclusionsResults suggest that use of oral health care services is associated with a range of financial, educational, health and structural barriers. Increasing the use of oral health care services in rural populations requires additional efforts beyond the reduction of financial barriers.
Limited long‐term treatment persistence of first anti‐TNF therapy in 538 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a 20‐year real‐world study
Authors: Blesl Andreas , Binder Lukas , Högenauer Christoph , Wenzl Heimo , Borenich Andrea , Pregartner Gudrun , Berghold Andrea , Mestel Sigrid , Kump Patrizia , Baumann‐Durchschein Franziska , Petritsch Wolfgang 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundAnti‐TNF antibodies were the first biologic treatment option for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.AimsTo assess length of treatment persistence of first anti‐TNF therapy and influencing factors used in the standard care of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.MethodsSingle‐centre, retrospective study from a register including patients who received anti‐TNF therapy in the last 20 years at the study centre. Kaplan‐Meier analysis with log‐rank test was used to describe treatment persistence. With multivariable Cox regression analysis, risk factors for treatment failure were investigated.ResultsFive hundred thirty‐eight patients (CD, Crohn's disease: 367, UC, ulcerative colitis: 147, inflammatory bowel disease unclassified: 24) with a median follow‐up of 8.1 years were included. Median (95% confidence interval) treatment persistence in the total cohort was 2.3 years (28 [22, 38] months), and nearly half of patients withdrew from treatment within 2 years. Male patients were treated longer than females (male: 37 [25, 48] months, female: 23 [14, 33] months, P = 0.002). Treatment persistence was longer in CD compared to UC (CD: 39 [30, 50] months, UC: 13 [9, 19] months, P < 0.001), and patients with CD remained longer on adalimumab than on infliximab treatment (adalimumab: 67 [55, 95] months, infliximab: 19 [14, 31] months, P < 0.001). Treatment failure (52%) and side effects (25%) were the most common reasons for withdrawal from therapy; 14% withdrew due to remission. Female sex was identified as independent predictor for treatment failure in UC (hazard ratio [CI]: 1.73 [1.02‐2.92], P = 0.04).ConclusionLong‐term treatment persistence of first anti‐TNF therapy was limited in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, primarily due to treatment failure and side effects.
Clinical and neuroimaging findings in MOGAD–MRI and OCT
Authors: Bartels Frederik , Lu Angelo , Oertel Frederike Cosima , Finke Carsten , Paul Friedemann , Chien Claudia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD) are rare in both children and adults, and have been recently suggested to be an autoimmune neuroinflammatory group of disorders that are different from aquaporin-4 autoantibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and from classic multiple sclerosis. In-vivo imaging of the MOGAD patient central nervous system has shown some distinguishing features when evaluating magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, as well as retinal imaging using optical coherence tomography. In this review, we discuss key clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of paediatric and adult MOGAD. We describe how these imaging techniques may be used to study this group of disorders and discuss how image analysis methods have led to recent insights for consideration in future studies.
The significance of epidermal involvement in primary cutaneous gamma/delta (γδ) T‐cell lymphoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Goyal Amrita , O'Leary Daniel , Duncan Lyn M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cutaneous gamma/delta (γδ) T‐cell lymphoma (PCGDTCL) is a rare, aggressive peripheral T‐cell lymphoma. There is evidence that patients with epidermotropic PCGDTCL may have an improved prognosis compared with those with only dermal and/or subcutaneous involvement.MethodsSystematic review of the literature and application of inclusion criteria yielded 48 manuscripts detailing the cases of 104 patients.ResultsOf the 104 patients, 57 were male (51.4%) and 47 were female (48.5%) Based on provided histopathologic descriptions, 57 cases (54.8%) had no epidermotropism, 47 cases (45.2%) patients demonstrated any degree of epidermotropism, and 25 cases were predominantly epidermotropic (25/104, 24%). Five‐year overall survivals for patients with no epidermotropism, any epidermotropism, and predominantly epidermotropic presentation were 32.8%, 28.9%, and 40.0%, respectively (p = 0.40). The most commonly performed immunohistochemical markers were CD3, CD4, CD8, CD5, CD7, CD30, CD56, TCR beta, TCR γ, and TCR δ. There was no statistically significant difference in immunophenotype between groups. Lesion morphology was described in the majority of cases (85/104, 80.9%); most cases presented as a combination of nodules, plaques, and tumors (77.4%). Several cases had more atypical presentations, including “mycosis‐fungoides‐like” and ulcerated.ConclusionIn PCGDTCL, neither epidermotropism nor predominantly epidermotropic phenotype predict a better prognosis. In addition, the case report literature in dermatology and dermatopathology is rich and highly valuable.
Some like it tailor‐made: The effectiveness of personalized coupons for lower‐calorie food choices at a university canteen
Authors: Nguyen Minh T. T. , Emberger‐Klein Agnes , Menrad Klaus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs an emerging marketing tool that targets shoppers individually based on their purchase histories, personalized price promotion is likely to address the limitations of untargeted price reductions. However, there is no prior evidence to support the effectiveness of this approach in promoting low‐calorie food choices, and which consumer‐specific characteristics influence its performance. In this study, we analyze the effectiveness of personalized and non‐personalized coupons for lower‐calorie menus at a university canteen. In addition, we examine the interaction between psychological factors and promotional responses, as well as subsequent dietary outcomes. Overall, personalized price promotion performs better than the untargeted approach in encouraging shoppers to redeem the offered coupons and make menu choices with more healthy items and fewer calories. Factors such as calorie concerns, convenience orientation, and the resistance to change eating habits have significant effects on coupon redemption. The role of coupon redemption in mediating the association between such psychological predictors and dietary changes proves the effectiveness of price reductions. This study highlights the potential of personalized price promotion as a healthy eating intervention and sets the groundwork for developing and evaluating this instrument.
Congenital long QT syndrome: a clinician's guide
Authors: Lankaputhra Malanka , Voskoboinik Aleksandr 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCongenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a familial cardiac ion channelopathy first described over 60 years ago. It is characterised by prolonged ventricular repolarisation (long QT on electrocardiography), ventricular arrhythmias and associated syncope or sudden cardiac death. As the most closely studied cardiac channelopathy, over the decades we have gained a deep appreciation of the complex genetic model of LQTS. Variability in genetic expression and incomplete penetrance leads to a heterogeneous phenotype that can be challenging to classify clinically. In recent times, progress has been made in diagnostic method, risk stratification and treatment options. This review has been written as a guide for the general cardiologist to understand the basic pathophysiology, diagnosis and management priorities for the most encountered LQTS subtypes: LQT1, LQT2 and LQT3.
Outcomes of the CT2 study: A ‘one‐stop‐shop’ for community‐based hepatitis C testing and treatment in Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Draper Bridget Louise , Htay Hla , Pedrana Alisa , Yee Win Lei , Howell Jessica , Pyone Kyi Khin , Naing Win , Sanda Aung Khin , Markby Jessica , Easterbrook Philippa , Bowring Anna , Aung Win , Sein Yi Yi , Nwe Nwe , Myint Kyi Thar , Shilton Sonjelle , Hellard Margaret 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the advent of low‐cost generic direct‐acting antivirals (DAA), hepatitis C (HCV) elimination is now achievable even in low‐/middle‐income settings. We assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of a simplified clinical pathway using point‐of‐care diagnostic testing and non‐specialist‐led care in a decentralized, community‐based setting.MethodsThis feasibility study was conducted at two sites in Yangon, Myanmar: one for people who inject drugs (PWID), and the other for people with liver disease. Participants underwent on‐site rapid anti‐HCV testing and HCV RNA testing using GeneXpert(R). General practitioners determined whether participants started DAA therapy immediately or required specialist evaluation. Primary outcome measures were progression through the HCV care cascade, including uptake of RNA testing and treatment, and treatment outcomes.FindingsAll 633 participants underwent anti‐HCV testing; 606 (96%) were anti‐HCV positive and had HCV RNA testing. Of 606 tested, 535 (88%) were RNA positive and had pre‐treatment assessments; 30 (6%) completed specialist evaluation. Of 535 RNA positive participants, 489 (91%) were eligible to initiate DAAs, 477 (98%) completed DAA therapy and 421 achieved SVR12 (92%; 421/456). Outcomes were similar by site: PWID site: 91% [146/161], and liver disease site: 93% [275/295]). Compensated cirrhotic patients were treated in the community; they achieved an SVR12 of 83% (19/23). Median time from RNA test to DAA initiation was 3 days (IQR 2‐5).ConclusionsDelivering a simplified, non‐specialist‐led HCV treatment pathway in a decentralized community setting was feasible in Yangon, Myanmar; retention in care and treatment success rates were very high. This care model could be integral in scaling up HCV services in Myanmar and other low‐ and middle‐income settings.
Transcription regulates ribosome hibernation
Authors: Feaga Heather A. , Dworkin Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMost bacteria are quiescent, typically as a result of nutrient limitation. In order to minimize energy consumption during this potentially prolonged state, quiescent bacteria substantially attenuate protein synthesis, the most energetically costly cellular process. Ribosomes in quiescent bacteria are present as dimers of two 70S ribosomes. Dimerization is dependent on a single protein, hibernation promoting factor (HPF), that binds the ribosome in the mRNA channel. This interaction indicates that dimers are inactive, suggesting that HPF inhibits translation. However, we observe that HPF does not significantly affect protein synthesis in vivo suggesting that dimerization is a consequence of inactivity, not the cause. The HPF–dimer interaction further implies that re‐initiation of translation when the bacteria exit quiescence requires dimer resolution. We show that ribosome dimers quickly resolve in the presence of nutrients, and this resolution is dependent on transcription, indicating that mRNA synthesis is required for dimer resolution. Finally, we observe that ectopic HPF expression in growing cells where mRNA is abundant does not significantly affect protein synthesis despite stimulating dimer formation, suggesting that dimerization is dynamic. Thus, the extensive transcription that occurs in response to nutrient availability rapidly re‐activates the translational apparatus of a quiescent cell and induces dimer resolution.
Multifocal capillary malformation with segmental distribution and central atrophy: A case in a 12‐year‐old girl
Authors: Rollan María Paz , Fajre Ximena , Giordano Consuelo , Whittle Carolina , Castro Álex 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a 12‐year‐old girl with multiple geographic capillary malformations in a segmental distribution over the left trunk and arm that were present at birth and evolved over years with ulceration, atrophy, and subsequent scarring. Our case is clinically consistent with the recently described entity “multifocal capillary malformation with segmental distribution and central atrophy.” To our knowledge, our patient is the oldest reported to date.
The timeline of prolonged accretionary processes in eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Insights from episodic Paleozoic intrusions in central Inner Mongolia, North China
Authors: Yuan Lingling , Zhang Xiaohui , Yang Zhili 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Updating magmatic profile in crucial constituent terranes across the Central Asian Orogenic Belt presents a key to chronicling the timeline of prolonged accretionary processes and termination of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the northern China–southern Mongolia tract. Here we performed a systematic geochronological and geochemical study on a spectrum of Paleozoic intrusions from the Erenhot region in central Inner Mongolia, North China, within the hinterland of the tract, with four distinct magmatic episodes unraveled. Combining these episodes with the previously documented events from contiguous regions defines two major tectono-magmatic cycles. The early Paleozoic cycle (500–450 Ma) evolved from initial fluid-fluxed tholeiitic and calc-alkaline granitoids to melt-fertilized mafic-intermediate magmatism. It appears to experience the initiation and maturation of a Western Pacific-type intra-oceanic arc system that culminated in ridge subduction. The late Paleozoic cycle expanded in magmatic expression from sporadic Late Devonian (373–365 Ma) calc-alkaline intermediate-felsic pulses through Early-Middle Carboniferous (356–320 Ma) medium to high-K calc-alkaline flare-up to a Late Carboniferous–Early Permian (310–277 Ma) province of diverse lithologies. These magmatic episodes seem to encompass a complete active continental arc–back-arc system that spanned from resuming oceanic plate subduction through slab rollback and backarc rifting to ridge-trench collision and backarc basin closure. Featuring a Rodinia-aged terrane affinity and a representative Paleozoic magmatic profile, the Erenhot region provides an optimal site for correlating the evolution of mosaic terranes in southern Mongolia and northern China, and for evaluating the coupled evolution of shifting tectonic regimes and plural crustal generation mechanisms within a retreating accretionary orogen.
Social determinants of pertussis and influenza vaccine uptake in pregnancy: a national cohort study in England using electronic health records
Authors: Walker Jemma L , Rentsch Christopher T , McDonald Helen I , Bak JeongEun , Minassian Caroline , Amirthalingam Gayatri , Edelstein Michael , Thomas Sara 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the social determinants of influenza and pertussis vaccine uptake among pregnant women in England.DesignNationwide population-based cohort study.SettingThe study used anonymised primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and linked Hospital Episode Statistics secondary care data.ParticipantsPregnant women eligible for pertussis (2012–2015, n=68 090) or influenza (2010/2011–2015/2016, n=152 132) vaccination in England.Main outcome measuresInfluenza and pertussis vaccine uptake.ResultsVaccine uptake was 67.3% for pertussis and 39.1% for influenza. Uptake of both vaccines varied by region, with the lowest uptakes in London and the North East. Lower vaccine uptake was associated with greater deprivation: almost 10% lower in the most deprived quintiles compared with the least deprived for influenza (34.5% vs 44.0%), and almost 20% lower for pertussis (57.7% vs 76.0%). Lower uptake for both vaccines was also associated with non-white ethnicity (lowest among women of black ethnicity), maternal age under 20 years and a greater number of children in the household. The associations between all social factors and vaccine uptake were broadly unchanged in fully adjusted models, suggesting the social determinants of uptake were largely independent of one another. Among 3111 women vaccinated against pertussis in their first eligible pregnancy and pregnant again, 1234 (40%) were not vaccinated in their second eligible pregnancy.ConclusionsTargeting promotional campaigns to pregnant women who are younger, of non-white ethnicity, with more children, living in areas of greater deprivation or the London or North East regions, has potential to reduce vaccine-preventable disease among infants and pregnant women, and to reduce health inequalities. Vaccination promotion needs to be sustained across successive pregnancies. Further research is needed into whether the effectiveness of vaccine promotion strategies may vary according to social factors.