bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Structural Reliability of Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Beam Bridges Based on Full Probability Analysis
Authors: Liu Yubao , Liu Hanxiong , Sun Shouyi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A three dimensional(3D) finite element model is established for a prestressed concrete girder bridge, list the limit state equation and variable probability distribution model, obtain the failure probability and reliability index of the limit state equation based on the Monte-Carlo method, investigate the reliability index’s sensitivity to random variables for limit state equations of bridge bearing capacity. The specific method of the research on the structure reliability index calculation is to select a suitable way that can fit the research’s object among the center point method, the checking-point method, the Monte-Carlo method, the importance sampling method, and so on. Authors use finite element software ANSYS to build model and perform 3D force analysis. According to the results, authors can determine the bridges’ failure modes under the state of 3D stress. Then, authors can list the possible limit state equations related to Stiffness, strength, function, durability, and some character else. After determining the bridge’s structural limit state equation and the probability distribution model of the variables, determine the distribution function of each impact factor and its characteristic parameters through the site survey data and other related data surveys. Then, use the Monte-Carlo method for the calculation of bridge reliability index, obtain the failure probability and reliability index of each limit state equation, analyze the sensitivity of each variable to the reliability index under the ultimate state of the bridge’s bearing capacity. At last, authors give construction quality control plans and suggestions according to the data above.
Fractal simulation of surface topography and prediction of its lubrication characteristics
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Wang Zekun , Zhengminqing Li , Zhu Rupeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A machined surface has observable fractal characteristics, with infinite local and overall self-similar consistency. Therefore, the fractal theory is considered to provide a better description of the morphological characteristics of rough surfaces, which accurately reflects the randomness and multi-scale characteristics of rough surfaces and it is not comparable with the surface characteristics obtained based on statistical parameters limited by sampling length and device resolution. In this study, the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (W-M) function was applied to construct a fractal reconstruction surface, and the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication model was used to investigate the lubrication characteristics of real and reconstructed surfaces under the same fractal parameters. The effects of the fractal parameters on the fractal surface lubrication characteristics were further analyzed. The results demonstrate that the lateral roughness fractal surface provides greater resistance to the entrained flow of lubricant, which leads to a larger average film thickness, than the longitudinal roughness and isotropic fractal surface. With the increase in fractal dimension, the surface roughness peak density increases, which reduces the surface film thickness by 47%, and the friction coefficient increases by 46%. The lubrication parameter fluctuates slightly with the change in the number of overlapping ridges M of the fractal surface. Generally, M has little effect on the surface lubrication characteristics.
Preparation of Ta2O5 nanoparticles by using cathode glow discharge electrolysis
Authors: Lu Quan-Fang , Li Juan-Long , Yu Jie , Cui Li-Juan , Wang Bo , Ma Xiao-Juan , Feng Yan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tantalum pentoxide nanoparticles (Ta2O5 NPs) were fabricated by cathode glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) generated between a needle-like platinum wire cathode and a tantalum foil anode in 6 g L−1 Na2SO4 electrolyte solution containing 5 ml hydrofluoric acid (HF) and 0.075 g cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The chemical structure, composition and morphology of the obtained powder were analyzed by using XRD, FT-IR, SEM/EDS, XPS and UV–vis DRS. The results found that Ta2O5 NPs with orthorhombic structure and wide band gap (3.6 eV) are successfully fabricated at 500 V discharge voltage in about 3 h. CTAB as a stabilizing agent can reduce the agglomeration due to forming CTA+ and attaching the surface of the synthetic products. A possible preparation mechanism of Ta2O5 NPs is proposed. Firstly, the tantalum foil anode is oxidized to form a compact Ta2O5 layer. Then, Ta2O5 surface is etched to form soluble [TaF7]2− complexes in the presence of HF. After that, soluble [TaF7]2− complexes can react with H2O to form Ta(OH)5. Finally, Ta(OH)5 is further converted to Ta2O5 from plasma-liquid interface into solution.
The metadynamic recrystallization behavior of ultrahigh-strength stainless steel: effects of precipitates and shear bands
Authors: Wang Xiao-Hui , Liu Zhen-Bao , Liang Jian-Xiong , Yang Zhi-Yong , Qi Yue 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The metadynamic recrystallization behavior of Cr-Co-Ni-Mo ultrahigh-strength martensitic stainless steel was studied in a double-pass isothermal compression test, and a metadynamic recrystallization kinetics model for softening was established. The results showed that the metadynamic recrystallization softening rate of the steel not only depended on the deformation temperature and strain rate but was also related to the dynamic precipitation and the local shear bands in the steel. When the deformation temperature was below 1050 °C, the dynamically precipitated M6C carbides pinned the grain boundaries and hindered metadynamic recrystallization. When the steel was deformed at a deformation temperature of 1000∼1050 °C and a strain rate of 1.0∼5.0 s−1, a large number of local shear bands were generated. The local shear bands increased the number of nucleation sites for dynamic recrystallization and enhanced the softening rate of metadynamic recrystallization.
Substrate critical effect on the structural and H2Gas sensing characteristics of solution-processed Zn0.075Cu0.025O films
Authors: Sarf Fatma , Karaduman Er Irmak , Yakar Emin , Acar Selim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, we report the synthesis of Zn0.075Cu0.025O films by chemical bath deposition to determine the effect of substrate (glass slide or ZnO seed layer) on the structural and H2gas sensing properties of the produced films. The crystal phase, structural topography, surface morphology, and functional groups of the as-synthesized films as well as H2gas sensing properties were investigated. Although both films have a hexagonal wurtzite structure, ZnO seed layer-based Zn0.075Cu0.025O film is more crystalline than glass slide-based Zn0.075Cu0.025O films. ZnO seed layer-based Zn0.075Cu0.025O films exhibited much more nanorod and fewer nanosphere forms compared to glass slide-based Zn0.075Cu0.025O films. EDX analysis and Raman spectra of both samples confirmed the presence of defects in Cu: ZnO samples. ZnO seed layer-based sensors showed higher response (140%) and lower operating temperature (80 °C) compared to glass slide-based sensors (87% response and 140 °C operating temperature). The most important thing to note here is that the fabricated sensors exhibited a high response at room temperature. The responses at room temperature were found as 46% and 23% for the ZnO seed layer-based and glass slide-based sensors, respectively. Sensors operating at room temperature are especially important for commercial applications.
The NMIJ air kerma primary standard for high energy x-ray beams in 300–450 kV
Authors: Ishii Junya , Kurosawa Tadahiro , Masahiro Kato 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Accurate radiation dosimetry is required for radiation protection in various environments. Therefore, dosemeters and dose-rate meters must be calibrated in standard radiation fields. The National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) expands the energy range of x-ray reference field measurement up to 450 kV using a cylindrical graphite-walled cavity ionization chamber. Departure from the condition of the Spencer-Attix cavity theory was evaluated by comparing the measurement results obtained using the cavity ionization and the free-air ionization chambers, which are used as the primary standard up to a tube voltage of 250 kV. The calibration coefficients found using the spherical ionization chamber were in good agreement with those obtained by the free-air ionization chamber within relative standard uncertainties (k = 1) for N-200 and N-250 x-ray fields. Consistent calibration coefficients were obtained in the energy range 300–450 kV.
259 IDENTIFYING THE TOP 10 RESEARCH PRIORITIES FOR FAMILY CARERS: THE INTERFACE PROJECT
Authors: Donegan O , Hartigan I , Cowan K , Dunne N , Hally R , O'Connor C D , Fitzgerald S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
In assessing the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on society, it is important to understand the communities most affected and develop methods of support. Family carers provide a vital, yet often invisible role in our society and healthcare system. Identifying research priorities for carers helps establish overall gaps in the research agenda and increases awareness of the role of carers in the community.

Methods
A priority setting partnership methodology was engaged and through collaboration with carers, healthcare professionals and researchers, a participatory process was conducted to identify gaps in the current literature and prioritise research questions and uncertainties. Focus group discussions followed, the first consisted of family carers (n = 5). The second (n = 3) interviewed stakeholders namely healthcare professionals, researchers and policy makers. After collating the data, researchable questions were developed through an iterative process with a Multi Stakeholder Advisory Committee to identify the top 10 research priorities for Family Carers Ireland.

Results
The top 10 researchable questions were distilled from a list of 16 and fit into 7 broad categories. 1) economic impact and financial strain 2) Systemic issues, education, resources and policy 3) technology 4) support services and infrastructure 5) mental health and wellbeing of the carer 6) carers in society 7) Recognition and acknowledgment of the family carer.

Conclusion
The partnership focus of this project allowed the ‘ground-up’ development of research priorities for carers by carers. The COVID-19 pandemic served to magnify systemic issues already present in society, as well as highlight new burdens. As a result, the subsequent development of 10 researchable questions will guide further investigation to improve the support and wellbeing of family carers.
Delays Expected but Duration of Delays Unpredictable: Causes, Types, and Symptoms of Procedural Applications in Investment Arbitration
Authors: Chaisse Julien 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Delays are becoming a common phenomenon in international investment arbitration and challenging the conventional belief that it is a time-effective mode of dispute resolution. These delays, majorly stemming from interim procedural applications, are known to arise due to the different interests and types of stakeholders involved in the process. This article provides an empirical analysis of such arbitration proceedings to cull out the types, nature, and effects of delay tactics in such proceedings. This article identifies three types of applications that play an increasing role in investment arbitration, namely, applications for ‘security for costs’, applications for disclosure of third-party funding, and the objections of manifest lack of legal merit of claims. Such delays can particularly become a cause of concern for investment arbitration as they have impacts beyond those which are on the parties involved.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Villalobos Dolores , Bivona Umberto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
The review aimed to summarize the existing knowledge base regarding post-traumatic stress disorder after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and try to guide future research.

Method
Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were used to identify original studies that explored the relationship between severe TBI and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Results
A total of 13 studies were included in the review. They have been examined in terms of potentially compatible and incompatible mechanisms, as well as of possible confounding factors in relation to the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder after severe TBI.

Conclusion
Only a few studies in the literature have addressed the present topic; therefore, the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with severe TBI still needs to be further investigated. In particular, future studies should be conducted only in severe TBI populations, considering their premorbid personality characteristics and their reactivity alteration. They should also obtain an accurate and appropriate assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder with clinical interviews as well as clarifying the role of post-traumatic amnesia in this population by incorporating control groups of patients.
Current and Future Photography Techniques in Aesthetic Surgery
Authors: Parsa Shyon , Basagaoglu Berkay , Mackley Kate , Aitson Patricia , Kenkel Jeffrey , Amirlak Bardia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The rapidly increasing modalities and mediums of clinical photography, use of 3-dimensional (3D) and 4-dimensional (4D) patient modeling, and widening implementation of cloud-based storage and artificial intelligence (AI) call for an overview of various methods currently in use as well as future considerations in the field.

Objectives
Through a close look at the methods used in aesthetic surgery photography, clinicians will be able to select the modality best suited to their practice and goals.

Methods
Review and discussion of current data pertaining to: 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D clinical photography, current photography software, augmented reality reconstruction, AI photography, and cloud-based storage.

Results
Important considerations for current image capture include a device with a gridded viewing screen and high megapixel resolution, a tripod with leveling base, studio lighting with dual-sourced light, standardized matte finish background, and consistency in patient orientation. Currently, 3D and 4D photography devices offer advantages such as improved communication to the patient on outcome expectation and better quality of patient service and safety. AI may contribute to post-capture processing and 3D printing of postoperative outcomes. Current smartphones distort patient perceptions about their appearance and should be used cautiously in an aesthetic surgery setting. Cloud-based storage provides flexibility, cost, and ease of service while remaining vulnerable to data breaches.

Conclusions
While there are advancements to be made in the physical equipment and preparation for the photograph, the future of clinical photography will be heavily influenced by innovations in software and 3D and 4D modeling of outcomes.
P006 MICROBIOLOGY OF CHRONIC MESH INFECTION
Authors: Birolini Claudio , Paulo Faro Mario , Tanaka Eduardo , Miranda Jocielle , Utiyama Edivaldo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aim
Mesh infection represents a significant concern due to its terrible consequences. Mesh sinus, infected seromas, mesh extrusion, and mesh-related enteric fistulas are common complications associated with synthetic mesh. This study aimed to review the microbiota of mesh infection in a series of 100 patients submitted to mesh explantation.

Material and Methods
We reviewed the charts of patients presenting with a history of mesh infection lasting six months or more after mesh placement. All patients submitted to further abdominal wall repair with complete removal of the infected mesh and presenting a positive culture were included. The microbiota analysis was based on positive cultures obtained from the fluids and tissues surrounding the mesh or a positive culture of the mesh itself. Microorganisms were divided into gram-positive or gram-negative, aerobic or anaerobic, and fungi.

Results
Pure aerobic gram-positive cultures were encountered in 50% of the patients, followed by a combination of aerobic gram-positive/gram-negative (9%) and pure gram-negative cultures (6%). Anaerobes were recovered from 31% of patients. Fungi were recovered from 6%. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 64% of cultures, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus present in 42% and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in 22%. Among aerobic gram-negative infections, six (17%) were caused by multi-resistant bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Acinetobacter baumanii, Klebsiella pneumoniae complex, and Enterobacter cloacae complex.

Conclusions
Pure Staphylococcus aureus infections, occurring in 29%, accounted for most single bacterial infections. Gram-negative infections and anaerobes were commonly encountered in polymicrobial infections. Most fungi cultures occurred in patients with enteric fistulas.
P013 HOW TO IMPROVE TREATMENT OF COMPLEX INCISIONAL HERNIAS IN OBESE PATIENTS: A SINGLE-CENTRE STUDY, AN EVALUATION OF LESS-OPEN TECHNIQUE AND FREE-FIXATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Bystřický Petr , Šuhájek Stanislav , Pták Petr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aim
Surgery of a complex incisional hernia in an obese patient is a challenging procedure for hernia surgeons. The aim of a new approach is to reduce complications such as pain and wound events, without increasing the number of recurrences.

Material and Methods
Adults with BMI more than 35 who underwent open, elective operation of a complex incisional hernia (with horizontal diameter more than 12cm) including posterior component separation technique with TAR (transversus abdominis muscle release) and retromuscular synthetic large-pore mesh placement, were identified. Patients were divided into 2 groups: The first group was treated with standard open technique with fixation using interrupted stitches, and the second group was treated with a technique using light hook and no or reduced fixation in the upper and lower pole of the mesh. For post-operative complication evaluation, the Clavien-Dindo classification was used. We have also evaluated an average operation time, length of stay, duration of opioid need. The long-term follow-up was 6 – 48 months.

Results
There was no significant difference in length of stay, the need of analgetic treatment, and hernia recurrence. Shorter operation time, and lower occurrence of surgical-site infections were reported in the second group, but it was not significant.

Conclusions
Open posterior component separation technique with TAR using large-pore mesh and no/minimal fixation seems to be a safe and sufficient method of treatment for complex incisional hernias in obese patients. Alternative methods may reduce early complications and pain and do not increase number of recurrences. A larger group of patients and longer follow-up should be needed to improve these findings.
P021 OUTCOME AFTER USE OF THE STAPLED MIDLINE CLOSURE TECHNIQUE AND SELF-FIXATING MESH FOR ABDOMINAL WALL RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Rapoport Arkadi , Ashatkin Dina , Bukin Alexey , Biswas Seema , Waksman Igor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate surgical outcomes after introduction to our unit of the stapled opening and closure of the linea alba in reconstruction of the abdominal wall using the GIA linear stapler (linea alba stapling – LAS) and self-fixating mesh for medium and large defects.

Material and Methods
Since 2018, we have transitioned from the Rives – Stoppa (with or without component separation) (R-S) to the LAS technique for abdominal wall reconstruction. We compared our outcomes with the LAS technique with matched historic R-S controls (in terms of defect size, duration of surgery and skin related complications).

Results
Thirty-three cases of LAS reconstruction have been performed in our unit: 15 with defects larger than 10 cm. After exclusion of patients who underwent additional procedures such as adhesiolysis and bowel resection, the mean duration of surgery was 165 min. There were no skin related complications. Comparable cases who underwent R-S reconstruction took 213 min; and, wound infection developed in one patient and skin necrosis in two.

Conclusions
Provisional results indicate significantly lower operative times and incidence of wound complications (including infections and fluid collections). Notable advantages include a shorter skin incision, a small incision in the anterior rectus sheath to introduce the linear stapler rather than the standard laparotomy and lateral abdominal wall dissection (with ligation of perforators) necessary in the R-S method. Self-fixating mesh eliminates the requirement of sutured mesh fixation which may also be associated with more extensive dissection and longer operative times.
P023 MANAGEMENT OF MASSIVE INCISIONAL HERNIA WITH LOSS OF DOMAIN
Authors: Peinado Paula Pastor , Oto Diego , Porrero Belen , Villar José Manuel Molina , Hernando Luis Alberto Blazquez 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aim
Large incisional hernia treatment is challenging for surgeons especially when there is loss of domain. Its management require an appropiate preoperative optimization of the patient.
We present a complex case that provides an exhaustive review of different measures in order to treat this type of hernias.

Material and Methods
A 61-year-old, smoker and diabetic patient consulted because of a large ventral hernia. He underwent an umbilical hernia surgery which recurred three more times.
The patient had a M1-M5 W3 hernia with active suppuration through fistulous orifices. The abdominal wall planning CT scan showed a large eventration with 23 cm of transverse defect diameter and a Tanaka index of 92%.

Results
The patient received support to quit smoking and he lost weight due to an intragastric balloon. Botulinum toxin was administered six weeks before surgical intervention. An andominal pneumeperitoneum catheter was placed, reaching 12.400 liters of ambient air insufflated during 13 days.
Finally, surgery was performed, finding a 27 x 35 cm wall defect that required the performance of:
After these maneuvers, the posterior abdominal wall could be completely closed. A double preperitoneal mesh (BioA and polypropylene) was placed.
After 16 days, he was discharged without mayor complications.

Conclusions
Loss of domain hernias are a complex entity which requires a multidisciplinary approach and abdominal wall experienced surgeons since it may require extreme measures.
P026 PREOPERATIVE ABDOMINAL WALL RELAXATION WITH BOLULINUM TOXIN A INJECTION CAN FACILITATE SURGICAL REPAIR OF INCISIONAL HERNIAS: LONG-TERM SINGLE CENTER FOLLOW-UP OF 12 PATIENTS
Authors: Hönes Felix , Kokkalis Marios Konstantinos 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aim
It was investigated how preoperative botox injection in the abdominal musculature both facilitates the surgical repair of incisional hernias and reduce the rate of hernia recurrence.

Material and Methods
Botulinum toxin A injections was given to 12 patients (7 female and 5 male) suffering from complex incisional wall hernia, 4 to 6 weeks preoperatively. Mean age was 54 years. 9 patients were treated by anterior and/or posterior component separation repair and 3 by Rives-Stoppa repair. By all patients the mesh could be placed in the retromuscular position. No bridging was necessary.

Results
After a follow-up of 3 to 4 years we examined the patients clinically and by sonography. The rate of incisional hernia recurrence was low as well as the rate of side effects like chronic pain, persisting paresthesia and mobility disorders of the abdomen.

Conclusions
Preoperative injection of botulinum toxin A can help to reduce the risk of further hernia recurrence after surgical repair of complex incisional hernias of the abdominal wall.