bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Novel Epidural Hemorrhage Model in Swine
Authors: Donaldson Ross I , Buchanan Oliver J , Graham Todd L , Ross James D 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Traumatic brain injury is a major public health concern. Among patients with severe traumatic brain injury, epidural hemorrhage is known to swiftly lead to brain herniation and death unless there is emergent neurosurgical intervention. However, immediate neurosurgeon availability is frequently a problem outside of level I trauma centers. In this context, the authors desired to test a novel device for the emergent management of life-threatening epidural hemorrhage. A review of existing animal models determined that all were inadequate for this purpose, as they were found to be either inappropriate or obsolete. Here, we describe the development of a new epidural hemorrhage model in swine (Sus scrofa, 18-26 kg) ideal for translational device testing.

Materials and Methods
Vascular access was achieved using an ultrasound-guided percutaneous Seldinger catheter-over-wire technique with 5 Fr catheters placed in the bilateral carotid arteries, for continuous blood pressure and to allow for withdrawal of blood for creation of epidural hemorrhage. To simulate an actively bleeding and life-threatening epidural hemorrhage, unadulterated autologous blood was infused from the vascular access point into the epidural space. To be useful for this application and clinical scenario, brain death needed to occur after the planned intervention time but before the end of the protocol period (if no intervention took place). An iterative approach to model development determined that this could be achieved with an initial infusion rate of 1.0 mL/min, slowed to 0.5 mL/min after the first 10 minutes, paired with an intervention time at 15 minutes. All experiments were performed at Oregon Health & Science University, an Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care accredited facility. Oregon Health & Science University’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, as well as the United States Army Animal Care and Use Review Office, reviewed and approved this protocol before the initiation of experiments (respectively, protocol numbers IP00002901 and 18116010.e001).

Results
The final developed model allows for the infusion of a known volume of autologous, unadulterated blood directly into the epidural space, without the use of a balloon or other restricting membranes, and is rapidly fatal in the absence of intervention.

Conclusions
This animal model is the first to mirror the expected clinical course of epidural hemorrhage in a physiologically relevant manner, while allowing translational testing of emergency devices. This model successfully allowed the initial testing of a novel interventional device for the emergent management of epidural hemorrhage that was designed for use in the absence of traditional neurosurgical capabilities.
Proof of new S-matrix formula from classical solutions in open string field theory: Or, deriving on-shell open string field amplitudes without using Feynman rules, Part II
Authors: Masuda Toru , Matsunaga Hiroaki , Noumi Toshifumi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study the relation between the gauge-invariant quantity obtained by T. Masuda and H. Matsunaga (arXiv:1908.09784) and the Feynman diagrams in the dressed $\mathcal {B}_0$ gauge in the open cubic string field theory. We derive a set of recurrence relations that hold among the terms of this gauge-invariant quantity. By using these relations, we prove that this gauge-invariant quantity equals the S-matrix at the tree level. We also present a proof that a set of new Feynman rules proposed by T. Masuda and H. Matsunaga (arXiv:2003.05021) reproduces the on-shell disk amplitudes correctly by using the same combinatorial identities.
The Relationship Dilemma: Why Do Banks Differ in the Pace at Which They Adopt New Technology?
Authors: Mishra Prachi , Prabhala Nagpurnanand , Rajan Raghuram G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
India introduced credit scoring technology in 2007. We study its adoption by the two main types of banks operating there: new private banks (NPBs) and state-owned public sector banks (PSBs). Soon after the technology is introduced, NPBs start checking the credit scores of most borrowers before lending. PSBs do so equally quickly for new borrowers but very slowly for prior clients, although lending without checking scores is reliably associated with more delinquencies. We show that an important factor explaining the difference in adoption rates is the stickiness of past bank structures and managerial practices. Past practices inhibit better practices today.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Associations between Binocular Vision Disorders and Contact Lens Dissatisfaction
Authors: Tilia Daniel , Bakaraju Ravi C. , Asper Lisa J. , Papas Eric B. 
Published: October 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
These data demonstrate that binocular vision disorders (BVDs) contribute to contact lens (CL) dissatisfaction independently of CL discomfort (CLD) in myopic, pre-presbyopic, adult, single-vision CL wearers.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to determine whether BVDs contribute to CL dissatisfaction and whether this contribution is independent of CLD.

METHODS
Participants attended one clinical visit while wearing their habitual CLs. Symptoms from CLD and BVDs were measured with the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) and Convergence Insufficiency Syndrome Survey (CISS), respectively. A comprehensive binocular vision (BV) assessment was performed. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was used to measure CL dissatisfaction from CLD and BVDs based on reported correlations between the CLDEQ-8 and the CISS with the OSDI. Participants were categorized according to their CL comfort status (CLD [≥12 on CLDEQ-8] or non-CLD [<12 on CLDEQ-8]) and BV status (BVD or non-BVD).

RESULTS
Seventy-six participants completed the trial, and 19 (25%) were diagnosed with BVD. Those diagnosed with BVD scored higher than did those diagnosed with non-BVD for the OSDI (25.1 ± 12.7 vs. 10.7 ± 7.3, P < .001) and CISS (18.7 ± 7.7 vs. 11.9 ± 5.9, P = .001), but not the CLDEQ-8 (P = .25). Those categorized as having CLD scored higher than did those categorized as having non-CLD for the OSDI (19.0 ± 12.3 vs. 9.3 ± 5.9, P = .003) and CISS (16.1 ± 6.8 vs. 11.0 ± 6.2, P = .001). There were no significant interactions between BV status and CL comfort status for any questionnaire (P > .08).

CONCLUSIONS
Higher scores for OSDI in those with CLD or BVD indicate that both conditions contribute to CL dissatisfaction. Higher scores for the CISS in those with CLD suggest a degree of overlap for some BVD symptoms. Nonsignificant differences between BVD and non-BVD for the CLDEQ-8 suggest that BVDs contribute to CL dissatisfaction independently of CLD.
Stimulatory Effect of CMV Immunoglobulin on Innate Immunity and on the Immunogenicity of CMV Antigens
Authors: Deml Ludwig , Hüber Christian M. , Barabas Sascha , Spindler Theresa , Cozzi Emanuele , Grossi Paolo 
Published: October 2021

Background.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin (CMVIG) is used for the prophylaxis of CMV infection after transplantation. Beyond providing passive CMV-specific immunity, CMVIG exerts enhancing and suppressive immunomodulatory functions. Although the anti-inflammatory activities of CMVIG have been extensively documented, its immunostimulatory activities remain poorly characterized.

Methods.
This exploratory study analyzed the capacity of CMVIG to modulate cell-mediated innate and adaptive immunities in vitro on freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CMV-seropositive and -seronegative healthy individuals, using interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining assays.

Results.
We showed that CMVIG treatment increases the number of IFN-γ–secreting PBMCs of both CMV-seronegative and -seropositive individuals, indicating a global stimulatory effect on innate immune cells. Indeed, CMVIG significantly increased the frequency of natural killer cells producing the T helper cell 1–type cytokines tumor necrosis factor and IFN-γ. This was associated with the induction of interleukin-12–expressing monocytes and the activation of cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ and CD8+ T cells, as measured by the expression of tumor necrosis factor and IFN-γ. Interestingly, stimulation of PBMCs from CMV-seropositive subjects with CMVIG-opsonized CMV antigens (phosphoprotein 65, CMV lysate) enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation, suggesting that CMVIG promotes the immunogenicity of CMV antigens.

Conclusions.
Our data demonstrate that CMVIG can stimulate effector cells of both innate and adaptive immunities and promote the immunogenicity of CMV antigens. These immunostimulatory properties might contribute to the protective effect against CMV infection mediated by CMVIG.
Absolute or Relative Quantification of Donor-derived Cell-free DNA in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Case Series
Authors: Osmanodja Bilgin , Akifova Aylin , Budde Klemens , Choi Mira , Oellerich Michael , Schütz Ekkehard , Beck Julia 
Published: October 2021

Background.
Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) is increasingly recognized as a valuable biomarker for acute transplant injury, with possible indications in the detection of cellular or humoral rejection and the guidance of immunosuppressive therapy. There is an ongoing debate on whether relative or absolute quantification of dd-cfDNA is more reliable for the detection of acute transplant injury.

Methods.
We retrospectively reviewed all 22 kidney transplant recipients who underwent dd-cfDNA measurements (percentage and absolute) between April 2020 and April 2021 at our institution. Of these, 9 (41%) showed discrepancies between absolute (cutoff: 50 copies/mL) and relative (cutoff: 0.5%) quantification in at least 1 dd-cfDNA measurement.

Results.
We report on 9 of 22 cases with discrepancies in relative and absolute quantification of dd-cfDNA, which were predominantly late posttransplant patients. We found bacterial and viral infections, as well as low leukocyte count from chronic myeloid leukaemia treatment, to be reasons for variability in total cell-free DNA (cfDNA), leading to inter- and intraindividual variability in relative dd-cfDNA quantification. When correlating dd-cfDNA quantification and biopsy results, as well as clinical course, our data indicate that relying solely on relative dd-cfDNA can lead to false-negative and false-positive results.

Conclusions.
In summary, these cases argue that absolute quantification of dd-cfDNA is better suited in patients with underlying conditions affecting total cfDNA levels and suggest using both absolute and relative dd-cfDNA together for higher reliability and interindividual comparability in the clinical setting. Especially for patients with chronic active antibody–mediated rejection, further studies on the use of dd-cfDNA are desirable.
Does genetic predisposition modify the effect of lifestyle-related factors on DNA methylation?
Authors: Yu Chenglong , Hodge Allison M , Wong Ee Ming , Joo Jihoon E , Makalic Enes , Schmidt Daniel F , Buchanan Daniel D , Severi Gianluca , Hopper John L , English Dallas R , Giles Graham G , Milne Roger L , Southey Melissa C , Dugué Pierre-Antoine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLifestyle-related phenotypes have been shown to be heritable and associated with DNA methylation. We aimed to investigate whether genetic predisposition to tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and higher body mass index (BMI) moderates the effect of these phenotypes on blood DNA methylation. We calculated polygenic scores (PGS) to quantify genetic predisposition to these phenotypes using training (N=7,431) and validation (N=4,307) samples. Using paired genetic-methylation data (N=4,307), gene-environment interactions (i.e. PGS x lifestyle) were assessed using linear mixed-effects models with outcomes: 1) methylation at sites found to be strongly associated with smoking (1,061 CpGs), alcohol consumption (459 CpGs) and BMI (85 CpGs), and 2) two epigenetic aging measures,PhenoAgeandGrimAge. In the validation sample, PGS explained ∼1.4% (P=1×10−14), ∼0.6% (P=2×10−7) and ∼8.7% (P=7×10−87) of variance in smoking initiation, alcohol consumption and BMI, respectively. Nominally significant interaction effects (P<0.05) were found at 61, 14, and 7 CpGs for smoking, alcohol consumption and BMI, respectively. There was strong evidence that all lifestyle-related phenotypes were positively associated withPhenoAgeandGrimAge, except for alcohol consumption withPhenoAge. There was weak evidence that the association of smoking withGrimAgewas attenuated in participants genetically predisposed to smoke (interaction term: -0.02, P=0.06) and that the association of alcohol consumption withPhenoAgewas attenuated in those genetically predisposed to drink alcohol (interaction term: -0.03, P=0.04). In conclusion, genetic susceptibility to unhealthy lifestyles did not strongly modify their effects on blood DNA methylation. Potential associations were observed for epigenetic aging measures, which should be replicated in additional studies.
Sequence Recognition by a Pseudorotational Cycle of Sugar Puckers: A Base Pair Switching Model via N-E Sugar Pucker Conversion for Homologous Recombination
Authors: Nishinaka Taro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA triplex DNA model bound to a helical filament of homologous recombination protein, such as Escherichia coli RecA, is presented. This model suggests that a function of the nucleoprotein filament could be at least partly attributed to the lowering of transition energy of duplex DNA structure having the E-type sugar puckers. Key events during homologous recombination such as sequence recognition, base pair switching and elongation/contraction of the helical pitch may correlate with the pseudo-rotation angle of sugar puckers along the N-, E-, S- and W-types. A conformational change of sugar puckers during the reaction is resolved into two motions by introducing a pair of parameters, μ1 and ν3, which defines a swing orientation of bases and a torsional angle of phosphate backbones, respectively.
Tacit knowledge sharing and creative performance: a transformative learning perspective
Authors: Mohammed Neethu , Kamalanabhan T.J. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between tacit knowledge-sharing and creative performance of employees from a transformative learning perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses Structural Equation Modeling to analyze data collected from 440 employees working in Information Technology industry, using a survey-based questionnaire.

Findings
The dimensions of tacit knowledge-sharing - tacit knowledge-seeking and tacit knowledge-contribution, positively affect employees' creative performance. Further, an individual’s bisociative cognitive style reinforces the positive association between tacit knowledge-sharing and employee creativity.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the field of knowledge management by using a new theoretical lens, Transformative Learning Theory, to examine how tacit knowledge-sharing adds value to knowledge workers in terms of enhancing their creativity.
How to make intelligent automation projects agile? Identification of success factors and an assessment approach
Authors: Josyula Sreenivasa Sekhar , Suresh M. , Raghu Raman R. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Organizations are fast adopting new technologies such as automation, analytics and artificial intelligence, collectively called intelligent automation, to drive digital transformation. When adopting intelligent automation, there is a need to understand the success factors of these new technologies and adapt agile software development (ASD) practices to meet customer expectations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the success factors of intelligent automation and create a framework for managers and practitioners to meet dynamic business demands. Total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) framework is a suitable approach to integrate quantitative measurement with qualitative semi-structured interviews capturing the context of the individual organization environment.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper identified agility factors and their interrelationships using a TISM framework. TISM results were validated using a one-tailed t-test to confirm the interrelationships between factors. Furthermore, the agility index of a case project organization was assessed using a graph-theoretic approach (GTA) to identify both the triggering factors for agility success and improvement proposals.

Findings
Results showed that leadership vision, organization structure and program methodology were driving factors. The TISM model was validated statistically and the agility index of the intelligent automation case project organization was calculated to be79.5%. Here, a GTA was applied and the triggering factors for improvement of the agility index were identified.

Research limitations/implications
The limitations of the study are described along with the opportunities for future research as the field evolves through the rapid innovation of technology and products.

Practical implications
The increasing role of digital transformation in enterprise strategy and operations requires practitioners to understand how ASD practices must be planned, measured and/or improved over time through the implementation of automation, analytics and artificial intelligence programs. The TISM digraph provides a framework of hierarchical structure to organize the influencing factors, which assists in achieving organizational goals. This study highlights the driving factors which contribute to the success of intelligent automation projects and project organizations.

Originality/value
This is a first attempt to analyze the interrelationships among agility factors in intelligent automation projects (IAP) using TISM and the assessment of the agility index of a case IAP organization using a GTA.
Addressing the knowledge divide: digital knowledge sharing and social learning of geographically dispersed employees during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Valk Reimara , Planojevic Gabriella 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate digital knowledge sharing (KS) and social learning (SL) of geographically dispersed employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe method is qualitative case study action research within a leading global provider of comprehensive logistics and transportation solutions; 22 employees from various geographically dispersed entities were selected through purposive sampling. Employees took part in interviews to explore their perspectives on and experiences with digital KS and SL.FindingsFindings first show that successful digital KS and SL hinges on the motivation, intentions, attitude and behaviour of employees to share and co-create knowledge embedded in supportive KS culture and climate. Second, findings show that the implementation of knowledge sharing platforms customised to the needs and preferences of employees within the case study organisation facilitated KS and SL, which in turn aided the development of individual and organisational capability, agility and adaptability required in the contemporary, digital knowledge economy, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was a single case study of an organisation within one business sector, namely logistics, encompassing a small sample of 22 employees. Hence, this study does not permit statistical generalisation but only permits internal generalisation.Practical implicationsForming and sustaining networks of influencers, i.e. employees who are role models of digital KS and SL, who serve as strong advocates and ambassadors for instilling a KS culture and climate within the organisation have a powerful influence on evoking digital KS and SL organisation-wide.Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper is that it presents an evidence-based “Digital Knowledge Sharing and Social Learning model” depicting the factors that influence digital KS and SL, the benefits and outcomes. This model aids researchers and practitioners to better understand the dynamics of digital KS and SL between organisational members in a cross-cultural business environment during times of crises.
External fairness of executive compensation, institutional investor and M&A premium
Authors: Pan Ailing , Wu Qian , Li Jingwei 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to study the impact of external fairness of executive compensation on M&A premium, and examine the moderate role of institutional investors. The high M&A premium is the main factors that induce the huge impairment of listed companies’ goodwill and the plummeting performance. Executives are the decision-makers of M&As, and their decision-making process is inevitably affected by the psychological factors. In recent years, institutional investors have become an important external force that can affect the governance of listed companies.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe authors use M&A data of listed companies from 2008 to 2018 and use OLS regression to test the relationship between executive compensation fairness and M&A premium.FindingsThe results show that the lower the external fairness of executive compensation, the greater the M&A premium. Institutional investors can effectively reduce the impact of external compensation unfairness on M&A premiums. The mechanism tests show that executives' psychological perception of fairness induced by external unfairness reduces their motivation to work and prompts them to use high premium to seek alternative compensation incentives. Further examinations of executive characteristics and corporate characteristics show that the role of external unfairness in executive compensation in driving M&A premiums is more pronounced in companies with longer executive tenure, weaker executive reputation incentives and private property.Originality/ValueThis paper enriches the research on the pre-factors of M&A premiums from the perspective of executives’ psychological perception of fairness, provides evidence that institutional investors play a positive governance role and provides decision-making references for companies to take corresponding measures to reduce M&A premium risks.