bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic utility of inflammation-based biomarkers, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and change in neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, in surgically resected lung cancers
Authors: Thompson Daniel , Perry Luke A. , Renouf Jesse , Vodanovich Domagoj , Hong Lee Adele Hwee , Dimiri Jahan , Wright Gavin 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:
Given the poor overall survival (OR) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates for lung cancers managed with surgical resection, there is a need to identify the prognostic markers that would improve the risk stratification of patients with operable lung cancer to inform treatment decisions. We investigate the prognostic utility of two established inflammation-based scores, the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the change in neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (ΔNLR), throughout the operative period in a prospective cohort of patients with lung cancer who underwent surgical resection.

METHODS:
Demographic, clinical, and treatment details for 345 patients with lung cancer who underwent surgical resection between 2000 and 2019 at multiple centers across Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), were prospectively collected. Preoperative NLR and ΔNLR were calculated after which Cox univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted for OS and PFS against the known prognostic factors.

RESULTS:
Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that preoperative NLR >4.54, as well as day 1 and day 2 postoperative NLR (P < 0.01), was associated with increased risk for postoperative mortality (hazard ratio 1.8; P < 0.01) and PFS (P < 0.05), whereas ΔNLR was not a significant predictor of OS or PFS.

CONCLUSION:
Elevated NLR among patients with lung cancer who underwent surgical resection was prognostic for poor OS and PFS, whereas ΔNLR was not found to be prognostic for either OS or PFS. Further research may yet reveal a prognostic value for ΔNLR when compared across a greater time period.
The Effects of Internet Gaming and Social Media Use On Physical Activity, Sleep, Quality of Life, and Academic Performance among University Students in Hong Kong
Authors: Kwok Carrie , Leung Pui Yu , Poon Ka Ying , Fung Xavier C. C. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
With the rapid increase in the prevalence of the Internet and/or smartphone usage worldwide in the last decade, engagement in internet gaming and social media may be problematic and may lead to negative consequences on mental and physical health among young adults. The main objectives of the present study are (1) to investigate how internet gaming and social media impact on physical activity, sleep quality, quality of life (QoL), and academic performance of university students in Hong Kong and (2) to investigate how physical activity and sleep associate with QoL and academic performance of university students in Hong Kong.

Methods:
This study employed a longitudinal design with 3-month duration. Hong Kong university students (n = 15; 4 males; mean age = 26.87 years) completed the questionnaires, wore a device to measure their physical activity and sleep, provided screen time data showing the time usage of applications on gaming and social media categories, and academic transcript for the study.

Results:
Internet gaming was negatively correlated with physical activity and psychological QoL (r
s = −0.49 to −0.62); social media use was negatively correlated with physical activity and sleep quality (r
s = −0.48 to −0.63); internet gaming and smartphone addiction were negatively correlated with academic performance (r
s = −0.51 to −0.53); physical activity was positively correlated with psychological QoL (r
s = 0.49).

Conclusion:
The results emphasized that internet gaming and smartphone addiction tend to have negative impact on physical activity, psychological QoL, sleep, and academic performance. The findings may be regarded as a direction for health-care providers to develop and evaluate the intervention to treat the specific type of internet/smartphone overuse.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of drotaverine versus mebeverine in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Rai Ramesh R. , Nijhawan Sandeep 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Drotaverine and Mebeverine are used for alleviating the pain of IBS, but the evidence for their efficacy is scarce. In this randomised control study, we evaluated and compared their efficacy in improving severity, frequency of pain and its associated symptoms.

Methods:
Patients fulfilling the ROME III criteria of IBS were evaluated in this randomised control trial during 4 weeks of treatment. Group A (n = 100) received 80 mg Drotaverine and Group B (n = 100) received 135 mg Mebeverine three times a day, 1 hour before meals. Primary outcome measure was, the reduction in severity of pain (>30% reduction) assessed by VAS (0 to 10 scale) & PSS (patient symptoms scores).

Results:
The pain severity score fell from 6.02 to 4.8 on day 3 in Group A as compared to decrease from 6.72 to 6.62 in Group B (p < 0.01). This significant reduction in pain severity was observed till the end of the study, reducing from 6.02 to 1.78 (74% reduction) in Group A compared to 6.72 to 3.62 (46.1% reduction) in Group B (p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in pain frequency, straining on stool, a change in one score in Bristol stool chart (BSC), achievement of complete spontaneous smooth bowel movement in Group A, compared to Group B patients. A significant improvement in Patient's evaluation of Global Assessment of Symptoms (p < 0.05) and Patient Assessment of Constipation – Quality Of Life (PAC-QOL) (p < 0.01) was observed in Group A compared to Group B.

Conclusion:
Drotaverine was significantly superior in efficacy as compared to Mebeverine in alleviating pain severity (starting from day 3), frequency and stools-elated symptoms of IBS.
IMPLEMENTING THE PATHWAYS COMMISSION RECOMMENDED FIRST ACCOUNTING COURSE: A PROFILE OF EARLY ADOPTERS
Authors: Bryan Timothy G. , McKnight Mark A. 
Published: February 2021

The primary purpose of the current research is to explore the extent to which schools and colleges of business have adopted Pathways Commission recommendations for a new first accounting course. This paper explores the extent to which schools of business and accounting programs have implemented curriculum revisions made by the Pathways Commission, as well as provide a profile of the early adopters of one of these recommendations. This study investigated common traits and characteristics of colleges and schools that had adopted the curricular changes. Specifically, the research focuses on the fourth recommendation from this list, which calls for a new first accounting course to be integrated into business and accounting programs. For the study, 68 faculty members from a cross-section of universities and programs answered questions about their institutions and the Pathways Commission recommended a new first course in accounting. Results indicate some ambivalence toward the curricular changes but also allowed for a profile of the early adopters of this specific change. Thus, the secondary purpose of the research is to identify environments in which the changes have been implemented and to provide a foundation for further research into best practices for implementing these types of curricular revisions.
JEL Classification Codes: M40, M41, M49, I20.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices towards hydroxy chloroquine pre-exposure prophylaxis among health care professionals.
Authors: Singh Arpita , Kumar Hemant , Gupta Preeti , Verma Ajay Kumar , Jain Atul , Kant Surya , Pandey Anuj Kumar , Singh Shivendra Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Background: There is an urgent need for developing potential drug targets to protect the health care professionals (HCPs) who are at high risk of infection from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) as they are directly and/ indirectly involved in treatment facility. We aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices towards hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among HCPs directly and/ indirectly involved in COVID-19 treatment. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was multi-centric, and data was collected from HCPs (only doctors and nurses) involved directly or indirectly with COVID-19 patient treatment. The study questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic profile; assessment of HCQ knowledge, attitude, practices, and related adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Results: Of the recruited 374 HCPs, 302 fulfilled the study criteria. Mean age of participants was 33.30 {±standard deviation 7.65}. 64.2% of the participants were male. 16.9% of the individuals (n=51) had co-morbidities. All the HCPs had basic knowledge of COVID-19 and 87.42% were aware of the role of HCQ as PEP. Further, 269 participants (89.07%) were aware that HCQ can cause ADRs. 56.6% participants agreed that HCQ had a protective role against COVID-19 and 54.3 % participants considered that PEP with HCQ had ‘more benefit’ than risk. 52.32% (n=158) HCPs had used HCQ as PEP and 52.53 % (n=83) of these participants had completed the recommended drug course. Twenty participants (12.67%) had experienced ADR, and 12 had reported it to ADR monitoring centre. Conclusion: Our data shows that HCPs are aware of COVID-19 and HCQ prophylaxis. Approximately 57% of the participants agreed that HCQ has a protective role against COVID-19 and 50% of the participants had taken HCQ prophylaxis. Only 12.67% of the participants reported an ADR and in none of them, it was serious enough to discontinue the drug.
COMMON GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN WRITING THESIS PROPOSALS
Authors: Afifuddin Afifuddin , Bewa Ibrahim 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini berjudul Analisis Kesalahan Umum Tata Bahasa Dalam Penulisan Proposal Skripsi (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Semester Akhir Jurusan Bahasa Inggris pada Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan IAIN Lhokseumawe). Berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti diketahui bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menulis, terutama dalam penulisan proposal skripsi. Kesulitan mereka terkait dengan beberapa sudut pandang tata bahasa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis kesalahan tata bahasa yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa Semester akhir jurusan bahasa Inggris pada Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan IAIN Lhokseumawe yang mengajukan proposal skripsi sebagai persyaratan terakhir untuk gelar sarjana. Selanjutnya, peneliti mencoba untuk mengidentifikasi dan menggambarkan jenis kesalahan dan kemudian menguraikan jenis kesalahan tata bahasa yang paling banyak dibuat oleh para mahasiswa. Para peserta penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris yang menulis proposal skripsi pada tahun akademik 2017/2018. Jumlah mahasiswa yang ingin mengajukan proposal skripsi sebanyak 32 orang, namun dengan menggunakan teknik acak, peneliti memilih 15 dari mereka untuk menjadi subjek penelitian. Selain itu, peneliti melakukan penelitian Perpustakaan untuk menemukan beberapa buku dan referensi terkait dengan istilah Analisis, Kesalahan Tata Bahasa dan Proposal Skripsi. Untuk mendapatkan data dari lapangan, para peneliti mengamati dan mengidentifikasi mahasiswa semester terakhir yang ingin menulis proposal skripsi dan meminta mereka untuk menyelesaikan proposal skripsi mereka dan Smenyerahkan satu set kepada peneliti. Untuk menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan model analisis kualitatif Miles dan Huberman. Data dianalisis melalui analisis bentuk kalimat yang salah secara gramatikal dengan menandai kesalahan, merekonstruksi kalimat yang benar, mengklasifikasikan jenis-jenis kesalahan dan menghitung kesalahan untuk mengetahui jenis kesalahan tata bahasa yang paling umum. Sebagai hasilnya, peneliti menemukan bahwa para siswa membuat 216 kesalahan dalam proposal skripsi mereka. Kesalahan terjadi pada semua jenis kesalahan yang diselidiki, yaitu kata kerja kalimat, bentuk kata kerja, kesesuaian subjek-kata kerja, jamak, infleksi posesif, artikel tertentu, artikel tak tertentu, susunan kata, run-on, dan fragmen. Dan para siswa membuat kesalahan terbanyak 74 kali kesalahan atau 34, 26% dari semua kesalahan dalam jenis kesalahan Run-on.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on the Basic Life Support among Medical Interns of the Philippine General Hospital
Authors: Velasco, Jr. Rogelio N. , Francisco Mark David G. , Llanes Elmer Jasper B. 
Published: February 2021

Objective. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice on the Basic Life Support (BLS) among the Philippine General Hospital medical interns, compare the scores between trained and untrained interns, and determine the proportion of respondents with updated BLS training.
Methods. This was a cross-sectional study using a thirty-five item questionnaire on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical interns at the Philippine General Hospital on the BLS.
Results. A total of 262 interns were included in the study. Although the mean knowledge scores of untrained and trained medical interns did not differ significantly (7.00 vs. 7.30, p=0.1637), more than 20% committed mistakes on questions on the following: jaw-thrust, rescue breaths, defibrillation, and CPR check. Generally, interns followed the BLS guidelines in their practice and had a positive attitude towards BLS. However, only 37% of trained participants had training within the past two years.
Conclusion. Most medical interns have a fair knowledge on BLS regardless of training status and adhere to them in practice. Since the training duration did not affect their knowledge scores, initial training in medical school and continuous exposure in the wards may have provided adequate BLS reinforcement. Recertification may not be needed during their formative years in medical school.
Comparative Evaluation of Completeness of Traditional Narrative versus Electronic Synoptic Operative Reports for Ovarian, Peritoneal and Fallopian Tube Cancer Surgery in a Tertiary Government Hospital
Authors: Señeris Aubrey Y. , Toral Jean Anne B. 
Published: February 2021

Objective. This study aimed to compare the completeness and ease of use of narrative reports (NR) submitted by residents compared to electronic synoptic reports (SR) by gynecologic oncology fellows for patients who underwent ovarian, fallopian, and peritoneal cancer surgery.
Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology of the Philippine General Hospital from August to November 2019. We assessed the NRs and electronic SRs for completeness of data using quality indicators.
Results. The average percentage of completeness of quality indicators is 77.1% (35.7/65). Eight indicators were absent in all NRs. Reporting of residual lesions was low (29.1%). The mean time to accomplish SRs (10.4 minutes) was significantly shorter than the mean time to accomplish NRs (21.9 minutes) (p value = 0.0001). SRs were assessed to be superior to NRs in several areas of surgery for quality, completeness and timeliness.
Conclusion. This study showed that the NRs should be improved and periodic audit must be done to maintain quality assurance. The use of SR appears to be favorable and superior in terms of time required to accomplish.
A 20 años de la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz en El Salvador
Authors: Gaborit Mauricio 
Published: February 2021

En ocasión del veinte aniversario de la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz que pusieron fin a la guerra civil salvadoreña, se investigó lo que pensaban sobrevivientes de la guerra civil sobre la recuperación de la memoria histórica. Existe un deseo claro y mayoritario entre pobladores del área metropolitana de El Salvador y de comunidades del norte del departamento de Chalatenango, en mantener viva la memoria histórica. Las personas que manifestaron una actitud más favorable a recuperar la memoria histórica fueron: los que sufrieron un trauma psicosocial alto, los que perdieron familiares en la guerra, los pobladores del campo y las personas jóvenes. Un porcentaje alto de personas piensan con frecuencia sobre lo que pasó en la guerra. Se aborda el tema de la memoria y el olvido y las implicaciones de la petición de perdón de parte del Estado por su participación en graves violaciones de los derechos humanos.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 67, No. 728, 2012: 21-39.
Rumen degradation characteristics of two tropical forages supplemented with monensin in the rumen of N’dama Steer
Authors: Aderinboye R. Y. 
Published: February 2021

Rumen degradation characteristics of Panicum maximum and Gmelina arborea forages in response to monensin supplementation were studied in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment using an Ndama fistulated steer. Monensin had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the soluble fraction 'a' of nutrients but showed reductions (P<0.05) in the degradable fractions b' of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre at 30 and 45 mg/kg DM supplementation levels relative to the control. These reductions were within the range of 45.76 - 49.52, 37.88 - 43.57, 44.60 - 45.31 and 45.18 - 46.85% for DM, CP, NDF and ADF, respectively. The potenti al degradation 'p' of DM, NDF, and ADF reduced (P<0.05) at 30 and 45 mg/kg DM while p' for CP reduced at 45 mg/kg DM. Forage type had significant effect (P<0.05) on nutrient degradation with Panicum maximum having lower nutrient degradation characteristics values than those of Gmelina arborea. While monens resulted in reduced nutrient degradation from Panicum maximum at 30 and 45 mg/kg DM, reduction in nutrients degradation from Gmelina arborea was observed only at 45 mg/kg DM. Comparatively, at similar levels of 15, 30 and 45 mg of monensin/kg DM, Panicum maximum had lower (P<0.05) degradation values to those observed for Gmelina arborea. The reduction effect of monensin on nutrient degradation from both forages suggests an inhibition of microbial digestion. This could increase rumen fill, reduce ruminal outflow rate and possibly increase the proportion of un-degradable proteins leaving the rumen for the lower tract. The particular level of monensin supplementation at which such reductions would occur depends on forage type
Keywords: , , .
Atmospheric radiative profiles during EUREC4A
Authors: Albright Anna Lea , Fildier Benjamin , Touzé-Peiffer Ludovic , Pincus Robert , Vial Jessica , Muller Caroline 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The couplings among clouds, convection, and circulation in trade-wind regimes remain a fundamental puzzle that limits our ability to constrain future climate change. Radiative heating plays an important role in these couplings. Here we calculate clear-sky radiative profiles from 2580 in situ soundings (1068 dropsondes and 1512 radiosondes) collected during the field campaign EUREC4A (Elucidating the role of clouds–circulation coupling in climate). EUREC4A took place in the downstream trades of the western tropical Atlantic in January–February 2020. We describe the method used to calculate these cloud-free, aerosol-free radiative profiles. We then present preliminary results sampling variability at multiple scales, from the variability across all soundings to groupings by diurnal cycle and mesoscale organization, as well as individual soundings associated with elevated moisture layers. We also perform an uncertainty assessment and find that the errors resulting from uncertainties in observed sounding profiles and ERA5 reanalysis employed as upper and lower boundary conditions are small. The present radiative profile data set can provide important additional details missing from calculations based on passive remote sensing and aid in understanding the interplay of radiative heating with dynamic and thermodynamic variability in the trades. The data set can also be used to investigate the role of low-level radiative cooling gradients in generating shallow circulations. All data are archived and freely available for public access on AERIS (Albright et al., 2020a, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25326/78).
“SOLIDARITAS SOSIAL KELOMPOK NELAYAN DI KAMPUNG BINYERI KABUPATEN BIAK NUMFOR.”
Authors: Asis Abd. , Irsat Irsat 
Published: February 2021

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Hubungan solidaritas dalam kelompok Nelayan Di Kampung Binyeri Distrik Yendidori Kabupaten Biak Numfor, .(2) Upaya nelayan di Kampung Binyeri Distrik Yendidori Kabupaten Biak Numfor menjaga hubungan solidaritasnya (3) Makna solidaritas bagi Nelayan di Kampung Binyeri Distrik Yendidori Kabupaten Biak Numfor, Jenis penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriktif kualitatif dan bertempat di Kampung Binyeri Distrik Yendidori Kabupaten Biak Numfor, . Teknik penentuan informan yaitu dengan menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling dengan memilih informan sebanyak 20 orang dari keseluruhan warga di Kampung Binyeri Distrik Yendidori Kabupaten Biak Numfor, yang berprofesi sebagai nelayan . Tekhnik pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan solidaritas sosial nelayan di Kampung Binyeri Distrik Yendidori Kabupaten Biak Numfor, yaitu, solidaritas mekanik di mana nidividu diikat dalam suatu bentuk solidaritas “kesadaran kolektif” yang sama dan kuat karena itu individulis tidak berkembang karena di lumpuhkan tekanan besar supaya bisa menerima konformitas. Adapun upaya yang dilakukan nelayan dalam menjaga hubungan solidaritasnya berwujud dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan budaya nelayan yaitu Kofararurkam, Kokain Kame (tong duduk sama-sama), Fasaryer dan Barapen atau bakar batu, serta menjaga hubungan silaturahmi, kerja sama, dan sikap saling membantu dalam berbagai kegiatan di kampungnya. Selain upaya dalam mempertahankan hubungan solidaritas nelayan juga memaknai hubungan solidaritas sebagai bentuk kepedulian mereka terhadap sesama nelayan , lingkungan, serta mewujudkan eksistensi budaya dan juga wujud syukur mereka kepada maha Pencipta.
Introdução à lògica Proposicional estoica
Authors: Dinucci Aldo , Duarte Valter , Fontes Luís Márcio , Cabeceiras Alexandre , De Brito Rodrigo Pinto 
Published: February 2021

Esse trabalho é resultado de pesquisa sobre a lógica estoica empreendida desde 2013 no âmbito do projeto O problema da consistência do conceito estoico de phantasia (representação)1, financiado pelo CNPq. Como o conteúdo de ao menos parte das representações racionais é de caráter proposicional, e como a compreensão dessas representações é crucial para o entendimento da epistemologia estoica, tornou-se necessária, antes de atacarmos o problema estoico das representações, uma investigação prévia sobre a lógica proposicional estoica.O livro, que consiste em uma introdução geral à lógica proposicional estoica, divide-se em três capítulos.No primeiro, realizamos uma análise da teoria estoica do asserível, o equivalente estoico da proposição da lógica contemporânea. Partindo de uma apresentação histórica sobre a redescoberta da lógica proposicional estoica, apresentamos as definições de lógica do Pórtico2 e sua taxonomia do asserível.No segundo capítulo, analisamos a teoria estoica dos argumentos, os logoi syllogistikoi, que correspondem aproximadamente aos argumentos da lógica contemporânea.No terceiro capítulo, propomos a derivação de prova de diversos argumentos célebres da Antiguidade que podem ser reduzidos pela silogística estoica. Apresentamos ao todo quatorze argumentos.Os estoicos não dispõem de uma linguagem formal, mas apresentam os argumentos usando linguagem natural e variáveis. Porém, para fins de exposição, usaremos neste livro, sempre que preciso, a notação da lógica contemporânea.São coautores desse livro Alexandre CabeceirasLuís Márcio Fontes e Rodrigo Pinto de Brito, pois fizeram profunda revisão na obra, e muitas de suas valiosíssimas correções e sugestões (tanto de conteúdo e quanto de expressão) foram incluídas ao longo do trabalho. Rodrigo e Luís Márcio, por sua vez, ainda compuseram apêndices. Os bolsistas PIBIC Rafael Spontan e Lauro de Moraes também acompanharam e colaboraram com os trabalhos de revisão. Dedicamos este trabalho ao nosso grande amigo Antonio Tarquínio, sempre presente, e à memória de nosso filósofo Epicteto.