bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kesesuaian budidaya keramba jaring apung (KJA) ikan kerapu di perairan Teluk Sabang Pulau Weh, Aceh
Authors: Anhar T. Faizul , Widigdo Bambang , Sutrisno Dewayany 
Published: March 2021

Weh Island is one of the coastal region that has high prospect in fisheries, one of it is floating net cage. Unfortunately, the unavailability of the classification zone for fish net culture and the oceanographic conditions of the coastal water become the main issues of the success of the fish net cage (KJA) culture activities. The aim of this study is analyze suitability of floating net cage culture for grouper in Sabang Bay. The method use in this research is Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method. There were 10 water quality variabels measured, such as protection, bathimetry, water transparency, current velocity, temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and phosphate. Area suitability divided into three suitability criteria, i.e very suitable, suitable and not suitable were used to determine the suitability of floating net cage. The result of the analysis are obtained show that the area for grouper culture Sabang Bay covering 11.3 % or 9.08 Ha of Sabang Bay were classified as very suitable (S1), suitable class (S2) covering an area of 39.8 % or 32.08 Ha of Sabang Bay, and not suitable class (N) covering 49 % or 39.54 Ha of Sabang Bay. Based on this percentage can be concluded that some of the coastal of the Sabang Bay can be utilized as a floating net cage culture of grouper fish activities.Keywords: Grouper culture, GIS, Suitability, Sabang Bay, Aceh Province ABSTRAKPulau Weh merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki potensi perikanan yang cukup besar. Akan tetapi dengan belum tersedianya penentuan lokasi budidaya keramba jaring apung serta data kondisi perairan yang tersedia menjadi kendala utama dalam peningkatan keberhasilan dan pengembangan budidaya keramba jaring apung (KJA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis luasan kesesuaian perairan budidaya keramba jaring apung ikan kerapu di perairan Teluk Sabang. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW). Terdapat sepuluh parameter yang diukur, yaitu keterlindungan, kedalaman, kecerahan, kecepatan arus, suhu, salinitas, pH, oksigen terlarut, nitrat dan fosfat. Tingkat kesesuaian perairan dibagi menjadi 3 (tiga) kelas kesesuaian, yaitu sangat sesuai, sesuai dan tidak sesuai. Hasil analisis yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa luasan untuk budidaya ikan kerapu Teluk Sabang sangat sesuai (S1) seluas 9,08 % atau 11,3 Ha dari Teluk Sabang, kelas sesuai (S2) seluas 39,8 % atau 32,08 Ha dari Teluk Sabang, dan kelas tidak sesuai (N) seluas 49 % atau 39,54 Ha dari Teluk Sabang. Berdasarkan persentase tersebut dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa sebagian perairan Teluk Sabang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai usaha budidaya keramba jaring apung ikan kerapu.Kata kunci: Budidaya ikan kerapu, SIG, Kesesuaian perairan, Teluk Sabang, Provinsi Aceh
Rhabdomyolysis related to acute recreational drug toxicity—A Euro-DEN study
Authors: Waldman Wojciech , Kabata Piotr M. , Dines Alison M. , Wood David M. , Yates Christopher , Heyerdahl Fridtjof , Hovda Knut Erik , Giraudon Isabelle ,   Euro-DEN Research Group, Dargan Paul I. , Sein Anand Jacek 
Published: March 2021

Background
This study was conducted to retrospectively assess the relationships between: rhabdomyolysis (quantified by creatine kinase (CK) activity) and kidney injury (quantified by serum creatinine concentration), sex, age, body temperature on admission, presence of seizures, and agitation or aggression in patients presenting to the Emergency Department with acute recreational drug toxicity. We also investigated the association with the substances ingested.

Methods
All presentations to the 16 sentinel Euro-DEN centres in 10 European countries with acute recreational drug toxicity during the first year of the Euro-DEN study (October 2013 to September 2014) were considered. Cases that had abnormal CK activity recorded as part of routine clinical care were divided into 3 cohorts depending on peak CK activity. Cases with normal CK activity were included as a control group (4th cohort).

Results
Only 1,015 (18.4%) of the 5,529 Euro-DEN presentations had CK activity concentration recorded. Of this group 353 (34.8%) had also creatinine concentration measured. There were 375 (36.9%) with minor rhabdomyolysis, 69 (6.8%) with moderate rhabdomyolysis, and 24 (2.4%) with severe rhabdomyolysis; 547 (53.9%) were included in the control group. There was a positive correlation between CK activity and creatinine concentration (correlation coefficient r = 0.71, p<0.0001). There was no correlation between CK activity and body temperature at the time of presentation to the ED (correlation coefficient r = 0.07, p = 0.03). There was a positive correlation between CK activity and length of stay in the hospital (r = 0.31, p<0.001). There was no association between CK activity and the presence of seizures (p = 0.33) or agitation/aggression (p = 0.45), patients age (p = 0.4) or sex (p = 0.25). The 5 most common agents amongst patients presenting with rhabdomyolysis were: cocaine (n = 107; 22.9% presentations), amphetamine (76; 16.2%), cannabis (74; 15.8%), GHB/GBL (72; 15.4%) and heroin (67; 14.3%). The distribution of rhabdomyolysis in 5 most common drugs was (drug; patients with rhabdomyolysis, patients without rhabdomyolysis): cocaine (107, 122), cannabis (74, 117), GHB/GBL (72, 81), amphetamine (76, 66), heroin (67, 70).

Conclusions
Abnormal values of CK activity occurred in almost half (46.1%) of presentations to the Emergency Department with acute recreational drug toxicity in whom CK activity was measured; however, severe rhabdomyolysis is seen in only a small minority (2.4%). Those with rhabdomyolysis are at significantly higher risk of kidney injury and have a longer length of hospital stay.
Anlotinib-containing regimen for advanced small-cell lung cancer: A protocol of meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Guocan , Cai Qingshan , Xu Xudong , Shen Yanqin , Xu Kan 
Published: March 2021

Background
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant lung cancer with a very poor prognosis. Clinical treatment options for SCLC are still limited, especially for patients who have failed first or second line therapy. Anlotinib is a potentially beneficial new treatment option for SCLC. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib-containing regimen for the treatment of SCLC.

Methods
We will search SinoMed, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed for relevant articles that may meet the criteria published before March 31, 2021. We will perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib-containing regimen for the treatment of SCLC. Clinical randomized controlled trials comparing anlotinib-containing regimens with other treatment regimens for advanced SCLC will be included in this study. The risk of bias will be evaluated for each included study using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We will use RevMan 5.3 software for statistical analysis of the data.

Results
The results of this study will provide evidence of anlotinib-containing regimens for advanced SCLC, and provide clinicians and patients with another convenient and effective treatment regimen for SCLC. This meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis will provide clinical evidence of anlotinib-containing regimens for advanced SCLC, which may or may not be found for anlotinib use.

Systematic review registration
INPLASY202110034.
Malaria risk stratification in Colombia 2010 to 2019
Authors: Padilla-Rodríguez Julio Cesar , Olivera Mario J. , Ahumada-Franco Martha Liliana , Paredes-Medina Andrea Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

Background
Heterogeneity and focalization are the most common epidemiological characteristics of endemic countries in the Americas, where malaria transmission is moderate and low. During malaria elimination, the first step is to perform a risk stratification exercise to prioritize interventions. This study aimed to identify malaria risk strata in the ecoepidemiological regions of Colombia.

Methods
This was a descriptive and retrospective study using cumulative malaria cases in 1,122 municipalities of Colombia from 2010 to 2019. To identify the strata, the criteria proposed by PAHO were adapted. To classify the receptive areas (strata 2, 3, and 4) and nonreceptive areas (stratum 1), 1,600 m above sea level, ecotypes, main malaria vector presence, Plasmodium species prevalence and occurrence of malaria cases were used. The area occupied by the receptive municipalities, the cumulative burden, and the at-risk population in the regions were calculated.

Results
Ninety-one percent of the Colombian territory is receptive to the transmission of malaria and includes 749 municipalities with 9,734,271 (9,514,243–9,954,299) million at-risk inhabitants. Stratum 4 accounted for 96.7% of the malaria burden, and cases were concentrated primarily in the Pacific and Uraba-Bajo Cauca-Sinu-San Jorge regions. Plasmodium vivax predominates in most of the receptive municipalities, except in the municipalities of the Pacific region, where P. falciparum predominates. Anopheles albimanus, An. nuneztovari s.l., and An. darlingi were the main vectors in receptive areas.

Conclusions
In Colombia, 91.2% of the territory is receptive to the transmission of malaria and is characterized by being both heterogeneous and focused. Stratum 4 contains the greatest burden of disease, with a relatively greater proportion of municipalities with a predominance of P. vivax. However, there is a low proportion of municipalities with P. falciparum mainly in the Pacific region. These findings suggest that the latter be prioritized within the malaria elimination plan in Colombia.
Prevalence of low birth weight and its associated factor at birth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A generalized linear mixed model
Authors: Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Tamirat Koku Sisay , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn 
Published: March 2021

Background
Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the major determinants of perinatal survival, infant morbidity, and mortality, as well as the risk of developmental disabilities and illnesses in future lives. Though studies were conducted to assess the magnitude and associated factors of low birth weight, most of the studies were at a single center and little information on the regional level. Hence, this study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight in Sub-Saharan countries.

Method
This study was based on secondary data sources from 35 Sub-Saharan countries’ Demography and Health Survey (DHS). For this study, we used the Kids Record (KR file) data set. In the KR file, all under-five children who were born in the last five years preceding the survey in the selected enumeration area who had birth weight data were included for the study. To identify determinants of low birth weight multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression model fitted. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p-value ≤0.05 in the multivariable model were used to declare significant factors associated with low birth weight at birth.

Result
The pooled prevalence of newborn babies’ low birth weight measured at birth in Sub-Saharan Africa was 9.76% with (95% CI: 9.63% to 9.89%). Female child, women not participated in healthcare decision making, and wider birth intervals, divorced/ separated women, and twin pregnancies associated with increased occurrences of low birth weight, while some level of woman and husband education, antenatal care visits, older maternal age, and multiparity associated with reduced occurrence low birth weight.

Conclusion
This study revealed that the magnitude of low birth weight was high in sub-Saharan Africa countries. Therefore, the finding suggests that more emphasis is important for women with a lack of support, multiples, and healthcare decision-making problems.
Isolation, molecular characterization and phylogeny of Naegleria species in water bodies of North-Western Province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunarathna Nuwan , Amarasinghe Anjalie , Wijesundara Sunil , Iddawela Devika , Wickramasinghe Susiji 
Published: March 2021

Background
The inland freshwater bodies in the North-Western Province of Sri Lanka have ideal environmental conditions for the Naegleria species. Therefore, the presence and prevalence of Naegleria species in the water bodies of North-Western Province were determined by molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis in this study.

Methods
A total of 104 water bodies were selected from Kurunegala and Puttalam districts in the North-Western Province of Sri Lanka. Mean turbidity, pH, and temperature were recorded in each water body from three selected site. Centrifuged samples were cultured on non-nutrient agar plates with Escherichia coli. Enflagellation test positive isolates were subjected to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction using genus and species-specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and Mp2CL5 gene. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Bayesian and maximum likelihood (ML) methods.

Results
The prevalence of Naegleria species and N. fowleri in the study area were 23.07% and 1.92%. The prevalence of Naegleria species and the physicochemical parameters of the water bodies showed no significant correlation. Bayesian analysis of the ITS region revealed the Naegleria Sri Lankan (SL) isolates 1, 3, and 4 in a single clade separated from the 2 and 5. Furthermore, Bayesian analysis identified isolates 2 and 5 in the same clade with Naegleria sp. samples and N. Philippinensis forming a sister clade. However, in the ML tree, all isolates were in the same clade with Naegleria sp. samples and N. Philippinensis.

Conclusions
The present study reports the first isolation of pathogenic N. fowleri from Sri Lanka. Based on Bayesian analysis, SL isolates 2 and 5 form a separate clade from 1, 3, and 4. However, in ML analysis, all isolates are grouped in one clade with Naegleria sp. samples and N. philippinensis. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings.
Brake systems: a mind of their own
Authors: Ellims Michael 
Published: March 2021

Brake systems fitted to current production vehicles are not the relativity straightforward hydraulic systems that many people expect. Rather they have evolved into complex systems which are on their own deliberately capable of affecting the behaviour of a vehicle. Crucially they depend on computers, software and electronic sensors to allow them to form a model of how the vehicle is expected to behave on the road and how it is actually behaving. Like any artefact they can, and do fail. This paper provides a high-level overview of the braking systems currently in place, how these systems act and present some examples of how they have failed in practice.
Index words: vehicles; vehicle electronics; electronic control; software; brake systems; failure modes
Individualized Polygenic Risk Score Identifies NASH in the Eastern Asia Region: A Derivation and Validation Study
Authors: Gao Feng , Zheng Kenneth I. , Chen Sui-Dan , Lee Dong Hyeon , Wu Xi-Xi , Wang Xiao-Dong , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D. , Chen Yong-Ping , Kim Won , Zheng Ming-Hua 
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Strong evidence indicates that multiple genetic and environmental risk factors play a role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to develop and validate a novel nomogram, incorporating both genetic and clinical factors, for predicting NASH.

METHODS:
A total of 1,070 Asian individuals with biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from 2 countries (China and South Korea) were recruited. The histological spectrum of NAFLD was classified according to the NASH clinical research network scoring system. The nomogram was developed in the Chinese training set (n = 402), and then, it was validated in both the Chinese internal validation set (n = 136) and the external Korean validation cohort (n = 532), respectively.

RESULTS:
Sex, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, serum aspartate aminotransferase levels, and PNPLA3 (rs738409) and HSD17B13 (rs72613567) genetic variants were strongly associated with NASH. Based on their regression coefficients, we developed a nomogram with good discriminatory ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.85) and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P = 0.794) for identifying NASH. In the 2 validation cohorts, the nomogram showed high area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (internal validation set: 0.80, 95% CI 0.72–0.88; external validation cohort: 0.76, 95% CI 0.72–0.80) and good calibration.

DISCUSSION:
Our newly developed and externally validated nomogram, incorporating both genetic and clinical risk factors, may be conveniently used to predict NASH. Further validation studies in other ethnic groups are warranted to confirm its diagnostic utility to identify NASH, among patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD.
Interaction between Information Law and Competition Law: Organizing Regulatory Perspectives on Platform Businesses
Authors: Hirayama Kentaro , Arai Koki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study attempts to organize the regulatory perspective on the interaction between information law and competition law, especially for platform businesses. An online platform is an entity that mediates multiple groups of users, such as providers and users of products, services, and information, and has an indirect network effect as a two-sided market. The study illustrates the actions taken by online platforms, indicates attendant problems, and suggests responses to these. Four aspects of the competition policy issues related to online platforms are analyzed and discussed: data collection, data enclosure, data acquisition, and algorithmic transparency. The study considers essential online platform issues, such as promoting competition policy and fairness in information law application, to expand the discussion. Although fairness is important, there is a risk that the analysis of the effects of reducing competition is neglected and that interpreting fairness might increase the concern regarding over-execution. Having disaggregated the elements of fairness, the study suggests the need to establish specific standards.
Entry Deterrence and Free Riding in License Auctions: Incumbent Heterogeneity and Monotonicity
Authors: Ju Biung-Ghi , Yoo Seung Han 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We examine free riding for entry deterrence in license auctions with heterogeneous incumbents. We establish the monotonicity of randomized preemptive bidding equilibria: an incumbent with a higher entry-loss rate has greater free-riding incentive, choosing a lower deterring probability. We then identify conditions for the existence of a series of fully or partially participating equilibria such that two or more incumbents with bounded heterogeneity in their entry-loss rates participate in randomized preemptive bidding. As an application, we examine a simple case of a bipartite group of participating incumbents consisting of one “leader” and many “followers”. We show that the policy of limiting the leader’s participation (set-asides for entrants, limiting participation of incumbents with excessive market shares, etc.) may or may not increase entry probability.
Assessing encapsulation of curcumin in cocoliposome: In vitro study
Authors: Hudiyanti Dwi , Al Khafiz Muhammad Fuad , Anam Khairul , Siahaan Parsaoran , Suyati Linda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Curcumin has been known and used in the medical and industrial world. One way to improve its stability, bioavailability and its medical applications is using encapsulation method. In this research, we studied cocoliposome (coconut liposome) as the encapsulation material. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), release rate (RR), as well as the free radical scavenging activity, measured by inhibition ratio (IR), of curcumin in encapsulation product were studied on varying cholesterol compositions and in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.4) conditions. We found that curcumin encapsulation in cocoliposome (CCL) formulation was influenced by cholesterol composition and pH conditions. The EE, LC and free radical scavenging activity diminished under both the SIF and SGF conditions when the cholesterol concentration enhanced. However, the RR increased as the cholesterol intensified. The condition to acquire the most favorable encapsulation parameter values was at 10% cholesterol composition. Furthermore, the IR results at 10% cholesterol concentration of CCL was 67.70 and 82.13% in SGF and SIF milieu, respectively. The CCL formulation thrived better under SIF conditions for free radical scavenging activities.
The Numerical Range of C*
ψ Cφ
and Cφ C*
ψ
Authors: Clifford John , Dabkowski Michael , Wiggins Alan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the numerical range of C*
bφ
m Caφ
n
and Caφ
n C*
bφ
m
on the Hardy space where φ is an inner function fixing the origin and a and b are points in the open unit disc. In the case when |a| = |b| = 1 we characterize the numerical range of these operators by constructing lacunary polynomials of unit norm whose image under the quadratic form incrementally foliate the numerical range. In the case when a and b are small we show numerical range of both operators is equal to the numerical range of the operator restricted to a 3-dimensional subspace.
The dual of the space of bounded operators on a Banach space
Authors: Botelho Fernanda , Fleming Richard J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Given Banach spaces X and Y, we ask about the dual space of the 𝒧(X, Y). This paper surveys results on tensor products of Banach spaces with the main objective of describing the dual of spaces of bounded operators. In several cases and under a variety of assumptions on X and Y, the answer can best be given as the projective tensor product of X
** and Y
*.
The tight approximation property
Authors: Benoist Olivier , Wittenberg Olivier 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article introduces and studies the tight approximation property, a property of algebraic varieties defined over the function field of a complex or real curve that refines the weak approximation property (and the known cohomological obstructions to it) by incorporating an approximation condition in the Euclidean topology. We prove that the tight approximation property is a stable birational invariant, is compatible with fibrations, and satisfies descent under torsors of linear algebraic groups. Its validity for a number of rationally connected varieties follows. Some concrete consequences are: smooth loops in the real locus of a smooth compactification of a real linear algebraic group, or in a smooth cubic hypersurface of dimension≥2{\geq 2}, can be approximated by rational algebraic curves; homogeneous spaces of linear algebraic groups over the function field of a real curve satisfy weak approximation.
Equality in the Bogomolov–Miyaoka–Yau inequality in the non-general type case
Authors: Hao Feng , Schreieder Stefan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We classify all minimal models X of dimension n, Kodaira dimension

n
-
1

{n-1}

and with vanishing Chern number

c
1

n
-
2

⁢

c
2

⁢

(
X
)

=
0

{c_{1}^{n-2}c_{2}(X)=0}

.
This solves a problem of Kollár.
Completing previous work of Kollár and Grassi, we also show that there is a universal constant

ϵ
>
0

{\epsilon>0}

such that any minimal threefold satisfies either

c
1

⁢

c
2

=
0

{c_{1}c_{2}=0}

or

-

c
1

⁢

c
2

>
ϵ

{-c_{1}c_{2}>\epsilon}

.
This settles completely a conjecture of Kollár.