bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An automated radiotelemetry system (ARTS) for monitoring small mammals
Authors: Wallace Gerard , Elden Marija , Boucher Rachel , Phelps Steven 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The study of animals in nature is essential for developing an ecologically valid understanding of behaviour. Small mammals, however, are often fossorial and exceedingly difficult to monitor in the wild. This limits both the taxonomic scope of field observation, and excludes species that are powerful models for the study of behavioural mechanisms.

Here, we implement an automated radiotelemetry system (ARTS) designed to track small fossorial mammals. Our ARTS uses an isotropic antenna array coupled with broadband receivers. We characterized transmission at our study site and tested the ARTS’s ability to track 48 prairie voles.

We compared position estimates from nonlinear least squares, nonparametric and Bayesian trilateration methods and found Bayesian trilateration to have the smallest error. To examine the ability of the system to track biologically significant behaviour, we used ARTS data to investigate circadian rhythms of freely behaving prairie voles. We used Lomb–Scargle analysis to estimate periodic patterns from irregularly sampled time series. Prairie voles demonstrated circadian and ultradian movement.

This ARTS offers a new tool to observe rodent behaviour at time‐scales and in environments that have not been previously possible, such as investigating social and spatial behaviours on the scale of minutes, hours and days in natural environments.
Method for maintaining adult solitary bee Centris analis under laboratory conditions
Authors: Tadei Rafaela , da Silva Cláudia Inês , Decio Pâmela , Silva‐Zacarin Elaine C. M. , Malaspina Osmar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Although solitary bees represent at least 70% of bee species, most ecotoxicological studies on bees focus on social species and there are only a few species of solitary bees. One of the challenges in developing toxicological studies on solitary bees is the lack of protocols for maintaining these species under laboratory conditions. This study aimed to develop a method to maintain adult individuals of the solitary bee Centris analis under controlled conditions.

Six models of cages with adaptations for food identification and resting areas were tested based on cages used for Apis mellifera and Osmia bicornis. With this in mind, we placed one individual of Centris analis in each cage and set the temperature at 28°C. Cage models with survival higher than 50% of individuals were used to measure the influence of photoperiod, training and concentration of food in bee adaptation and longevity.

Cages containing a wood cube and an artificial fabric flower supported the survival of 75% of captive bees for longer than 30 days at 28°C. Bee survival rate was higher in the absence of photoperiod.

This work showed the importance of an acclimatization period of 3 days for C. analis and described a feasible method for future studies evaluating the effects of pesticide effects on solitary bees under laboratory conditions.
Bone cement filling combined with lumbo‐iliac screw internal fixation in the treatment of benign sacroiliac joint tumours
Authors: Pu Feifei , Liu Jianxiang , Zhang Zhicai , Wang Baichuan , Shao Zengwu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the method of reconstruction of the sacroiliac joint in patients who underwent benign tumour curettage and analyse the effect of internal fixation with lumbo‐iliac screws and connecting rod insertion after filling the defect with bone cement.MethodsTwenty‐four patients with benign sacroiliac joint tumours underwent curettage and filling of the defect with bone cement, followed by lumbo‐iliac screw and connecting rod insertion. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain, and the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) score was used to assess hip function.ResultsAll patients were followed‐up for 24–96 months (average, 42.2 months). The postoperative VAS score was significantly lower than the preoperative score (p < 0.05), while the postoperative MSTS score was significantly higher than the preoperative score (p < 0.05). One patient had delayed healing of the surgical incision; no complications occurred in the remaining patients.ConclusionFor benign sacroiliac joint tumours, the combination of filling of defects with bone cement and internal lumbo‐iliac fixation can relieve pain quickly, and achieve good limb function.
A propensity score‐matched, real‐world comparison of ustekinumab vs vedolizumab as a second‐line treatment for Crohn’s disease. The Cross Pennine study II
Authors: Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Dolby Vivien , Clark Tanya , Hall Veronica , Tattersall Suzanne , Fairhurst Francesca , Kenneth Catherine , Walker Rachael , Kemp Karen , Borg‐Bartolo Simon , Limdi Jimmy K. , Taylor Jo , Townsend Tristan , Subramanian Sree , Storey Daniel , Assadsangabi Arash , Stansfield Catherine , Smith Paul , Byrne Debra , De Silvestri Annalisa , Selinger Christian P. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe optimal choice of biological agents after failure of anti‐tumour‐necrosis‐factor‐(TNF)α agent in Crohn’s disease (CD) is yet to be defined.AimsTo assess the effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab compared to vedolizumab as second‐line treatment in CD patients who failed anti‐TNFα therapy.MethodsRetrospective analysis of clinical response and remission at 14 and 52 weeks to ustekinumab by physician global assessment (PGA). A propensity score‐matched analysis with a cohort treated with vedolizumab was performed.ResultsOf 282 patients (mean age 40 ± 15, F:M ratio 1.7:1) treated with ustekinumab, clinical response or remission was reached by 200/282 patients (70.9%) at 14 weeks, and 162/259 patients (62.5%) at 52 weeks. Overall, 74 adverse events occurred, of which 26 were labelled as serious (8.3 per 100 person‐year). After exclusion of patients without prior anti‐TNFα exposure and patients previously exposed to vedolizumab or ustekinumab, we analysed 275/282 patients (97.5%) on ustekinumab and 118/135 patients (87.4%) on vedolizumab. Propensity score analysis revealed that at 14 weeks, patients treated with ustekinumab were 38% (95% CI 25%‐50%; P < 0.001) more likely to achieve clinical remission, while at 52 weeks, the difference of 9% (95% CI −15% to 33%; P = 0.462) was not significant.ConclusionsUstekinumab was effective and well tolerated in this real‐world cohort. While ustekinumab proved more effective at 14‐weeks, we found no statistically significant differences at 52 weeks compared to vedolizumab.
Association of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition with Covid‐19 hospitalization and all‐cause mortality in the UK biobank
Authors: Safizadeh Fatemeh , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Mai , Brenner Hermann , Schöttker Ben 
Published: December 2021

AimsWith growing evidence on the protective effect of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19), we aimed to thoroughly investigate the association between the use of major classes of antihypertensive medications and Covid‐19 outcomes in comparison with the use of ACEIs and ARBs.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based study in patients with pre‐existing hypertension in the UK Biobank with data from the first 2 SARS‐CoV‐2 waves prior population‐based vaccination. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for a wide range of confounders.ResultsThe use of either β‐blockers (BBs), calcium‐channel blockers (CCBs) or diuretics was associated with a higher risk of Covid‐19 hospitalization compared to ACEI use (adjusted OR (95%CI): 1.66 [1.43–1.93]) and ARB use (1.53 [1.30–1.81]). The risk of 28‐day mortality among Covid‐19 patients was also increased among users of BBs, CCBs or diuretics when compared to ACEI users (1.74 [1.30–2.33]) but not when compared to ARB users (1.26 [0.93–1.71]). The association between BB, CCB or diuretic use (compared to ACEI use) and 28‐day mortality among hospitalized Covid‐19 patients narrowly missed statistical significance (1.47 [0.99–2.18]) but it was statistically significant when the analysis was restricted to patients hospitalized during the second SARS‐CoV‐2 wave (1.80 [1.15–2.83]).ConclusionOur results suggest protective effects of inhibition of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system on Covid‐19 hospitalization and mortality, particularly with ACEI, among patients with pharmaceutically treated hypertension. If confirmed by randomized controlled trials, this finding could have high clinical relevance for treating hypertension during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.
Crisis and the Chinese miracle: A network—GVAR model
Authors: Konstantakis Konstantinos N. , Michaelides Panayotis G. , Chatzieleftheriou Livia , Prelorentzos Arsenios‐Georgios N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present paper examines how the Chinese economy has managed to maintain its overall economic growth, and therefore its production, throughout the various crises, that is, the global crisis of 2007 and the E.U. structural crisis . The paper sets up a network‐global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model that is estimated simultaneously for all the economies in the model, capable of uncovering the dominant entities in the network system, in the time period 1992‐2017. According to our findings, the economies of the United States and EU17 are found to exhibit a dominant role in the GVAR system, which is confirmed using both node theory as well as econometric techniques. The results show that the Chinese economy is unaffected, in the long run, by unanticipated shocks in the dominant economies of the United States and EU17.
Requirements for human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Nan Xue , Zhang Bowen , Hao Jie , Yue Wen , Fu Boqiang , Qu Mingyi , Zhang Yu , Wang Haiyang , Fang Fang , Wei Jun , Li Qiyuan , Hu Shijun , Yu Junying , Gao Yingdai , Liu Qifa , Cao Jiani , Wang Lei , Peng Yaojin , Zhu Huanxin , Liang Lingmin , Ma Aijin , Zhou Jiaxi , Zhao Tongbiao , Pei Xuetao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract‘Requirements for human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells’ is the first set of guidelines on human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in China, jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research. This standard specifies the technical requirements, inspection methods, inspection rules, instructions for usage, labelling requirements, packaging requirements, storage requirements and transportation requirements for human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, which is applicable to the quality control for human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. We hope that publication of these guidelines will promote institutional establishment, acceptance and execution of proper protocols, and accelerate the international standardization of human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells for applications.
Dual kidney transplants from adult marginal donors: Review and perspective
Authors: Stratta Robert J. , Harriman David , Gurram Venkat , Gurung Komal , Sharda Berjesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe practice of dual kidney transplantation (DKT) from adult marginal deceased donors (MDDs) dates back to the mid‐1990s with initial pioneering experiences reported by the Stanford and Maryland groups, at which time the primary indication was estimated insufficient nephron mass from older donors. Multiple subsequent studies of short and long‐term success have been reported focusing on three major aspects of DKT: Identifying appropriate selection criteria and developing scoring systems based on pre‐ and post‐donation factors; refining technical aspects; and analyzing mid‐term outcomes. The number of adult DKTs performed in the United States has declined in the past decade and only about 60 are performed annually. For adult deceased donor kidneys meeting double allocation criteria, > 60% are ultimately not transplanted. Deceased donors with limited renal functional capacity represent a large proportion of potential kidneys doomed to either discard or non‐recovery. However, DKT may reduce organ discard and optimize the use of kidneys from MDDs. In an attempt to promote utilization of MDD kidneys, the United Network for Organ Sharing introduced new allocation guidelines pursuant to DKT in 2019. The purpose of this review is to chronicle the history of DKT and identify opportunities to improve utilization of MDD kidneys through DKT.
What may we hope?
Authors: Jackelén Antje 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChristians are a people of hope. There is no other alternative after Jesus Christ overcame the power of death through his resurrection. “Rejoice in hope, be patient in suffering, persevere in prayer,” Paul encourages the congregation in Rome (Romans 12:12). The author of 1 Peter is conscious that hope is no mere feeling. Like faith and love, hope is a gift. But hope is also a choice that is based on realities, a virtue if you like. For this reason, “always be ready to make your defense to anyone who demands from you an accounting for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and reverence. Keep your conscience clear.” (1 Peter 3:15–16). Keeping silent about hope is to deceive. Speaking of hope when humankind is shuttered in crisis requires both clear mind and pastoral empathy. Otherwise speaking of hope may sound as an escape from reality, a superficial consolation, or even cynicism. We need to ask: how is hope a power that prevails in worldly adversities?
Hope gone awry—An odd bed fellowship of Islamic and Christian neo‐apocalypticism
Authors: Kärkkäinen Veli‐Matti 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile the rise of neo‐apocalypticism, as it is called in Christian parlance, is a well‐known phenomenon to theologians and other scholars observing the current global religious landscape, the significance of neoapocalypticism in Islam is a less well‐known fact. Yet–and this makes the topic so significant theologically–between these two forms of intense eschatological expectations, astonishing cross‐breeding is taking place. This is counterintuitive in light of the fact that in many ways Islamic and Christian neo‐apocalyptic visions seem to be totally hostile towards each other. This article introduces both Islamic and Christian neo‐apocalypticisms and reflects on the implications of their co‐existence and mutual exchanges for the future of interfaith relations and global peace.
Comparative evaluation of the force required to fracture coronal segments reattached using different methods
Authors: Sreen Deepti , Abraham Dax , Gupta Alpa , Singh Arundeep , Aggarwal Vivek , Chauhan Nishant , Jala Sucheta , Mehta Namrata 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground/AimAnterior teeth are prone to traumatic injuries. Their management is necessary in order to maintain the pulp and esthetics. Various methods have been reported for fragment reattachment of fractured teeth but there is no consensus on which is the best technique. The aim of this study was to compare the force required to fracture reattached fragments using polyethylene fibers in vertical grooves on the external surface of teeth, fiber‐reinforced composite post and circumferential chamfer.Material and MethodsForty‐eight extracted maxillary central incisors were sectioned using a disk and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 12): Group 1: control group, Group 2: reattachment followed by placement of two external vertical grooves on the labial surface and restored with polyethylene fibers and hybrid composite, Group 3: reattachment followed by two external vertical grooves and filled with fiber posts and composite, and Group 4: reattachment followed by circumferential chamfer at the fracture line and restored with composite. The forces required to fracture the reattached fragments were measured using a Universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Pairwise multiple comparison procedure was done using the Student–Newman–Keuls Method.ResultsThe highest values for force required to fracture were observed in the fiber post group and the lowest in the Ribbond group (p < .05). The fiber post group had significantly different results compared to the Ribbond and Chamfer preparation groups (p < .05). However, the difference of rank between the fiber post and control groups was not significantly different (p > .05).ConclusionThe force required to fracture the fiber post group was closest to that of intact teeth followed by the chamfer and Ribbond groups, respectively.
Cyberpunk Victoria: The credibility of computers and the first digital revolution, 1848–83
Authors: Flandreau Marc , Legentilhomme Geoffroy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBritish capitalism was a knowledge economy that lived on reliable numerical information. We argue that human computers and the algorithms they used played a vital intermediation role and supported the growth of the British capital market, because they resolved digital information asymmetries. Given the lack of an archive for ‘Cyberpunk Victoria’, we demonstrate the computers’ role as financial intermediaries by identifying their imprint on the production of data by a prominent numerical factory, theInvestor's Monthly Manual, a companion publication of theEconomist. Our study underscores the import of digital mechanization and the relevance of human cybernetics to the development of financial capitalism.
The soap carving versus the digital sculpting: Evaluation of students’ preferences and performance in dental anatomy course: Pilot study
Authors: Bilir Halenur , Aygüzen Ceren 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the change in students’ preferences between soap carving (SC) and digital sculpting (DS) methods after obtaining tooth with both methods, their opinions about the methods and their performance in the dental anatomy course.Materials and MethodsThe SC and DS methods were demonstrated. Students were asked to obtain a maxillary central incisor by both methods and to record time. Students’ preferences were asked both before and after applying both methods. The level of significance for statistical analysis was set at p ≤ .05.ResultsForty first year preclinical students (24 female, 16 male) participated in this study. Their mean age was 19.38 years ±1.00 year. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean time of the DS method according to gender (p = .004) and the mean time of DS and SC methods for females (p = .015). There was also a statistically significant difference between preferences of students for “In the future while treating the patient in the clinic, I learned with ………… method in the preclinic will be more useful for me.” statement, before and after applying both methods (p = .034).ConclusionsThe obtaining the tooth of the students with DS method were longer than with SC method (especially in the females). After applying both methods, the students changed their minds that learning the information about the SC and DS methods would have a similar effect when treating patients in the clinic.
Incidence and risk of cancer among multiple sclerosis patients: A matched population‐based cohort study
Authors: Bosco‐Lévy Pauline , Foch Caroline , Grelaud Angela , Sabidó Meritxell , Lacueille Clémentine , Jové Jérémy , Boutmy Emmanuelle , Blin Patrick 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeStudies have not yet found conclusive results on the risk of cancer in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to compare the incidence of all cancers and of specific types of cancer between MS patients and the general population by age and by sex.MethodsAll prevalent MS patients identified between 2008 and 2014 in the nationwide French health care database (Système National des Données de Santé) and without history of malignancy were included in a cohort study and followed up until cancer occurrence, date of death, or 31 December 2015, whichever came first. MS patients were matched based on sex and year of birth to non‐MS controls from the general population without cancer before index date. Incidence rate was reported per 100,000 person‐years (PY), and risk of cancer was estimated by type of cancer, age, and sex using a Cox model (hazard ratio [HR] and its 95% confidence interval [CI]).ResultsOverall, 576 cancers per 100,000 PY were observed in MS patients versus 424 per 100,000 PY in the control population. The risk of cancer was higher among MS patients than among population controls whether considered overall (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.29–1.43) or for prostate (HR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.68–2.58), colorectal and anal (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.16–1.58), trachea, bronchus, and lung (HR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.96–2.84), and to a lesser extent, breast cancer (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03–1.23).ConclusionsMS patients were associated with increased risk of cancer compared to population controls.
Antimicrobial agents in dental restorative materials: Effect on long‐term drug release and material properties
Authors: Berghaus Eva , Muxkopf Gustavo Augusto , Feddersen Silas , Eisenburger Michael , Petersen Svea 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study reports on the long‐term drug release and mechanical properties of bioactive dental filling materials based on chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) or octinidine (di)hydrochloride (ODH) incorporated in a composite based on dimethacrylates or an ormocer. CHX or ODH were added to a nano‐hybrid ormocer (O) and a nano‐hybrid composite (C) with the amount of 2 wt% to achieve four matrix‐drug combinations: O‐CHX, O‐ODH, C‐CHX, and C‐ODH. Drug extraction and release were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection (HPLC‐DAD), while drug distribution was assessed by using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Drug release in water at 37°C was observed over 87 d. To determine the material properties, the water absorption, water solubility, flexural strength and hardness were measured and compared to the reference materials. Persistent drug release over 87 d was observed for both ODH‐based systems and both ormocer‐systems, with the longest duration of activity seen for the O‐ODH combination. Persistent drug release was achieved via the loosening of the polymer network indicated via decreasing polymerization enthalpies, enhanced water absorption, and water solubility. As a consequence, the flexural strengths of the materials were reduced. However, surface hardness was hardly reduced. ODH seems to be more adequate than CHX for the design of bioactive dental filling materials based on nano‐hybrid ormocer and composites.
A scoping review of intervention components of school‐based oral health‐related behavioural interventions using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Wang Min‐Ching , Wu Jing‐Yi , Shih Wen‐Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to review the intervention components of school‐based oral health‐related behavioural interventions using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). We identified relevant papers from the review of Cooper et al., and these papers came from both the original inclusion and exclusion article lists. We also modified and updated their search strategies (2013 – April 2019). The 53 included papers reported on 79 interventions (experimental groups = 57 interventions, control groups = 22 interventions). Most of the papers used three to nine domains (average = 5.6) in their experimental interventions, and the most commonly used domains were ‘knowledge,’ ‘skills,’ ‘social influences,’ and ‘environmental context and resources.’ Considering the complexity of intervention components in one programme, there is no one specific domain or domain set that can determine the success of behavioural interventions. The design of future programmes should be guided by a complex intervention methodology. However, the best combination set might not exist, and the choice of domains should depend on local context or resources. This study can be used as a resource for identifying previous papers, which have used the same domains.