bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: Management of hyperemesis gravidarum and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
Authors: Lowe Sandra A , Steinweg Kate E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) are common in early pregnancy but there is a wide spectrum of severity in terms of the duration and acuity of symptoms throughout gestation. Adverse maternal and fetal outcomes have been seen in women who experience severe symptoms, also known as hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Evidence‐based, assessment and management can reduce symptom severity, avoid physical and psychological deterioration and minimise the impact on quality of life and function. A pathway for assessment and management of NVP and HG in the emergency room is presented based on the Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand Guideline for the Management of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Assessment requires an objective evaluation using a validated scoring system such as the PUQE‐24 score, as well as calculation of hydration and nutritional status. Ketonuria is not associated with either the diagnosis or severity of HG. Further investigation including biochemistry is only required in severe cases. Many women will have tried a range of therapies and an important aspect of treatment is to recognise the validity of their symptoms. Treatment may require a combination of intravenous fluids, anti‐emetics, acid suppression and laxatives. Outpatient management is optimal but admission may be required for refractory symptoms, organ dysfunction or concurrent significant co‐morbidities. Emergency management of NVP and HG requires an appropriate pathway of care to support women until the natural resolution of their condition. Both underuse of safe therapies and overuse of ineffective medication must be avoided.
Discovery of a widespread presence bunyavirus that may have symbiont‐like relationships with different species of aphids
Authors: An Xin , Zhang Wei , Ye Chao , Smagghe Guy , Wang Jin‐Jun , Niu Jinzhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAphids are important agricultural pests, vectors of many plant viruses and have sophisticated relationships with symbiotic microorganisms. Abundant asymptomatic RNA viruses have been reported in aphids due to the application of RNA‐seq, but aphid–virus interactions remain unclear. Bunyavirales is the most abundant RNA virus order, which can infect mammals, arthropods, and plants. However, many bunyaviruses have specific hosts, such as insects. Here, we discovered 18 viruses from 10 aphid species by RNA‐seq. Importantly, a widespread presence bunyavirus, Aphid bunyavirus 1 (ABV‐1), was determined to have a wide host range, infecting and replicating in all 10 tested aphid species. ABV‐1 may be transmitted horizontally during feeding on plant leaves and vertically through reproduction. In a comparison of the physiological parameters of ABV‐1high and ABV‐1low strains of pea aphid, higher ABV‐1 titers reduced the total nymphal duration and induced the reproduction. Moreover, viral titer significantly affected the lipid and protein contents in pea aphids. In summary, we proposed that ABV‐1 may have stable symbiont‐like relationships with aphids, and these observations may provide a new direction for studying bunyaviruses in aphids and establishing a model for virus–aphid interactions.
Consumer privacy and serial monopoly
Authors: Bhaskar V. , Roketskiy Nikita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe examine the implications of consumer privacy when preferences today depend upon past consumption choices, and consumers shop from different sellers in each period. Although consumers are ex ante identical, their initial consumption choices cannot be deterministic. Thus, ex post heterogeneity in preferences arises endogenously. Consumer privacy improves social welfare, consumer surplus and the profits of the second‐period seller, while reducing the profits of the first period seller, relative to the situation where consumption choices are observed by the later seller.
‘Australian sailors wanted’: Labour supply and Australian shipping, c. 1870–c. 1914
Authors: Ostapenko Dmytro , Kirkby Diane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the pre‐1914 era Australia did not develop an ocean‐going merchant navy. The problem is well recognised in previous studies that assumed that it was high Australian wages that made the operational cost of deep‐sea vessels uncompetitive on a global scale. This article reconstructs historical shifts in the Australian market for a seagoing workforce and demonstrates there was low recruitment of Australian labour. Drawing on new sources and inspired by efficiency wage theory the article argues that it was this shortage of a domestic labour supply that constrained the development of a national deep‐sea shipping industry.
Intraspecific competition and persistence inAcanthoscelides macrophthalmus(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): an experimental analysis in a stage‐structured population
Authors: Iano Daniela M , Araújo Bruno L , Rossi Marcelo N 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntraspecific competition is an ecological process that can affect the structure of populations with important consequences for population persistence. In this study, we investigated (in the larval stage) the effect of intraspecific competition in the seed‐feeding beetleAcanthoscelides macrophthalmuson its population structure and persistence. By using Leslie matrices, which are useful to project future population sizes of structured populations, we conducted demographic analysis when competition was (more than one larva per seed) and was not (one larva per seed) present. The hypothesis that competition reduces the finite rate of population growth, the survival of the immatures and the fecundity of females, influencing population persistence, was tested. To understand whether intraspecific competition is a common process in this system, the oviposition pattern was also studied. We found that in the presence of competition, the larvae from the third instar were smaller than those in the absence of competition and, in the presence of competition, fewer larvae reached the adult stage. Larval survival was lower in the presence of competition, particularly from the third larval stage until the pupal stage, and the fecundity of females was also reduced in the presence of competition, which affected the population structure. Although we showed that populations may either grow geometrically or go extinct in absence and presence of competition, respectively, the finite rates of population increase did not differ from 1.0 when compared to the estimated confidence intervals. Therefore, although larval competition may affect the structure of this seed‐feeding beetle, there is no clear evidence that this ecological process can negatively affect its persistence. Furthermore, most seeds with eggs had just one egg per seed, which suggests that competition should occur with low frequency under natural conditions.
Ambulatory electrocardiographic markers predict serious cardiac events in patients with chronic kidney disease: The Japanese Noninvasive Electrocardiographic Risk Stratification of Sudden Cardiac Death in Chronic Kidney Disease (JANIES‐CKD) study
Authors: Hashimoto Kenichi , Kinoshita Toshio , Miwa Yosuke , Amino Mari , Yoshioka Koichiro , Yodogawa Kenji , Nakagawa Mikiko , Nakamura Kohki , Watanabe Eiichi , Nakamura Kentaro , Watanabe Tetsu , Kasamaki Yuji , Ikeda Takanori 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive electrocardiographic markers (NIEMs) are promising arrhythmic risk stratification tools for assessing the risk of sudden cardiac death. However, little is known about their utility in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and organic heart disease. This study aimed to determine whether NIEMs can predict cardiac events in patients with CKD and structural heart disease (CKD‐SHD).MethodsWe prospectively analyzed 183 CKD‐SHD patients (median age, 69 years [interquartile range, 61−77 years]) who underwent 24‐h ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and assessed the worst values for ambulatory‐based late potentials (w‐LPs), heart rate turbulence, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of documented lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia) or cardiac death. The secondary endpoint was admission for cardiovascular causes.ResultsThirteen patients reached the primary endpoint during a follow‐up period of 24 ± 11 months. Cox univariate regression analysis showed that existence of w‐LPs (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4−22.3, p = .007) and NSVT [HR = 8.72, 95% CI: 2.8−26.5: p < .001] was significantly associated with the primary endpoint. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that the combination of w‐LPs and NSVT resulted in a lower event‐free survival rate than did other NIEMs (p < .0001). No NIEM was useful in predicting the secondary endpoint, although the left ventricular mass index was correlated with the secondary endpoint.ConclusionThe combination of w‐LPs and NSVT was a significant risk factor for lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias and cardiac death in CKD‐SHD patients.
How to improve the quality of World Psychiatric Association educational activities? Results from an online survey with World Psychiatric Association zonal representatives
Authors: Sampogna Gaia , Fiorillo Andrea , Wasserman Danuta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe World Psychiatric Association (WPA), a global association representing 145 psychiatric societies in 121 countries, has a specific focus on education and learning, promoting educational programs on a regular basis. Education in mental health is a continuously evolving phenomenon, although it happens quite often that it is still based on a knowledge formed in the last century and with the latest scientific updates mainly available in English. The WPA is constantly committed in improving and updating the type of educational materials available and ready to be disseminated worldwide.MethodsAn online survey has been developed and sent to the 18 WPA zonal representatives in order: to evaluate the educational needs for mental health, to translate materials into native languages or inclusivity, and to prioritize educational activities to be developed by the WPA in the next years.ResultsFifteen out of the 18 zonal representatives participated in the study. According to the public mental health perspective, collaboration with general practitioners (GPs) (80%), communities/stakeholders (66.7%) and programs for promoting mental health in schools (53.3%) are the most prioritized activities carried out. Programs for suicide prevention (86.7%) and promotion of mental health and well‐being in the general population (66.7%) are considered as the most relevant to be implemented. From the healthcare perspective, new knowledge on pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions (73%) was requested. The educational packages are mostly available in the English language, although respondents prioritize the translation of WPA educational material into, at least, Spanish and French. The most preferred formats for educational activities are webinar live (80%) and key opinion lectures (66.7%).ConclusionsThese findings represent the first step in the continuing promotion of education carried out by the WPA. We aim to run these kinds of initiatives from time to time in order to adapt themes and topics of these materials to the real educational needs of all mental healthcare professionals worldwide.
Training and retaining mental health professionals: The Romanian experience in the European Union
Authors: Giurgiuca Ana , Giurgi‐Oncu Catalina , Matei Valentin Petre 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundRomania has been a member of the European Union since 2007. According to the World Health Organization, the national burden of mental disorders is high, with 2743.69 disability‐adjusted life years per 100.000 population. Moreover, in a country of 19 million people, Romania's mental health system is currently functioning at capacity, with 5.66 adult psychiatrists/100.000 population and only 0.56 child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) doctors per 100.000 population.Methodwe conducted a simple narrative review of the current literature on the topic of training of psychiatry trainees in Romania.ResultsUndergraduate training consists of only 4 weeks of clinical and theoretical work for adult and CAP. Psychiatry postgraduate training lasts 5 years and is still duration‐oriented. Psychiatric trainees mostly spend their clinical work in inpatient units due to the scarcity of other services or the lack of integration of training programs in the existing psychiatric services. Theoretical training is not nationally formalized, and, during training, yearly assessments tend to be neglected. An ongoing challenge in Romania has been retaining young career psychiatrists.ConclusionAlthough in a trend toward improvement of health services, "brain drain" has been and continues to be a massive phenomenon among Romanian psychiatrists, mainly driven to Western‐European countries due to financial reasons, various shortcomings in overall infrastructure, and because of the lack of continuous professional and personal development opportunities. As the world is currently facing an unprecedented mental health crisis, steps must be taken to improve psychiatric training, retain psychiatrists in Romania, and provide better national mental health services.
Laparoscopic resection of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor that recurred more than 15 years after surgery using lighted ureteral catheters: A case report
Authors: Saito Hiroshi , Kotake Masanori , Ogawa Jyunichi , Hashimoto Masashi , Sawada Koichiro , Oshima Masahiro , Hada Masahiro , Kato Yosuke , Oyama Kaeko , Hara Takuo , Inaki Noriyuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 69‐year‐old woman underwent abdominoperineal resection for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the rectum 15 years ago. She received adjuvant chemotherapy for 8 years. Seven years later, abdominal computed tomography revealed a soft‐tissue shadow in the left lower abdomen, and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was observed at the same site on positron emission tomography. The recurrence of GIST was suspected, and laparoscopic resection was performed. Laparoscopy showed that the tumor was located at the retroperitoneum near to the descending colon and invaded the left ovarian vessels. It also made contact with the left ureter; however, lighted ureteral catheters enabled us to identify and preserve the left ureter. An immunohistochemical examination revealed the recurrence of GIST. Recurrence may become apparent 15 years or more after GIST surgery, and, thus, a long‐term follow‐up is required. Lighted ureteral catheters were useful for identifying the ureter and preventing ureteral injury in a recurrent case suspected of invading the ureter.
Assembling Success: Desire, Worker Mobility, and Value Creation in Finnish Ice Hockey
Authors: Pietikäinen Sari , Hegel Christine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBuilding on Deleuze and Guattari’s assemblage theories, this paper offers an ethnography of work focused on a professional ice hockey team in Finland, where hockey is the leading sport in terms of popularity and economic investment. It is an analysis of the everyday investments in developing individual players’ skills and in building teams capable of high levels of cooperation under conditions of unpredictability. By looking at team formation as an emergent set of practices, materialities, discourses, and affects, we are better able to account for how corporations of this kind mitigate the deterritorializing effects of player mobility through processes of reterritorialization. As such, the analysis offers insights into modalities of value creation in a corporate model that relies not only on the constant improvement of worker performance in ways that can be easily measured but also on intangible facets of worker collaboration that manifest as collective desire.
Learning and Labor in Ethnographic Apprenticeship
Authors: Waugh‐Quasebarth Jasper 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article describes apprenticeship as an ethnographic field method, exploring the forms ethnographic apprenticeship takes, the working knowledge passed through situated practice, and the impacts that working as a craft apprentice has on the work of anthropology. I draw on my experience as an apprentice luthier in West Virginia with two musical instrument makers to show how apprenticeship is a relational process contingent on context, its efficacy in communicating affective and embodied practices essential to understanding the meaning of craft labor to practitioners, and the implications for collaboration, reciprocity, learning, and documentation within ethnographic fieldwork and the discipline of anthropology.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β/CCR6‐positive bone marrow cells correlate with disease activity in multicentric Castleman disease‐TAFRO
Authors: Abe Nobuya , Kono Michihito , Kono Michihiro , Ohnishi Naoki , Sato Tomoya , Tarumi Masato , Yoshimura Masaru , Sato Taiki , Karino Kohei , Shimizu Yuka , Fujieda Yuichiro , Kato Masaru , Hasebe Rie , Oku Kenji , Murakami Masaaki , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: December 2021

SummaryMulticentric Castleman disease–thrombocytopenia, anasarca, reticulin fibrosis of bone marrow, renal dysfunction and organomegaly (MCD‐TAFRO)—is an emergent phenotype characterized by lymphoproliferation, fluid collection, hemocytopenia and multiple organopathy. Although studies have demonstrated an aberrant blood cytokine/chemokine profile referred to as “chemokine storm”, the pathogenesis remains unclear. We aimed to identify pathogenic key molecules, potential diagnostic targets and therapeutic markers in MCD‐TAFRO using serum cytokine/chemokine profiles. We performed the targeted cytokine/chemokine multiplex analysis in six cases of MCD‐TAFRO with remission or non‐remission status. We observed significant changes in serum concentrations of CCL2, CCL5, and Chitinase‐3‐like‐1 in the MCD‐TAFRO patients with active state compared to inactive state. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and CCR6, which is expressed in megakaryocytes, were detected as upstream positive regulators for activating MCD‐TAFRO status. More GSK3β+CCR6+ cells like megakaryocytes were detected in the bone marrow of patients with MCD‐TAFRO than in those with systemic lupus erythematosus, MCD‐not otherwise specified or autoimmune haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The cellularity of GSK3β+CCR6+ cells was correlated with disease activity, including thrombocytopenia and anaemia. In conclusion, GSK3β and CCR6 of bone marrow cells were potentially involved in the pathogenesis of MCD‐TAFRO and may act as diagnostic targets and therapeutic markers.
Towards understanding the extensive diversity of protein N‐glycan structures in eukaryotes
Authors: Toustou Charlotte , Walet‐Balieu Marie‐Laure , Kiefer‐Meyer Marie‐Christine , Houdou Marine , Lerouge Patrice , Foulquier François , Bardor Muriel 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTN‐glycosylation is an important post‐translational modification of proteins that has been highly conserved during evolution and is found in Eukaryota, Bacteria and Archaea. In eukaryotes, N‐glycan processing is sequential, involving multiple specific steps within the secretory pathway as proteins travel through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. In this review, we first summarize the different steps of the N‐glycan processing and further describe recent findings regarding the diversity of N‐glycan structures in eukaryotic clades. This comparison allows us to explore the different regulation mechanisms of N‐glycan processing among eukaryotic clades. Recent findings regarding the regulation of protein N‐glycosylation are highlighted, especially the regulation of the biosynthesis of complex‐type N‐glycans through manganese and calcium homeostasis and the specific role of transmembrane protein 165 (TMEM165) for which homologous sequences have been identified in several eukaryotic clades. Further research will be required to characterize the function of TMEM165 homologous sequences in different eukaryotic clades.
Evidence for hawkmoth pollination in the chiropterophilous African baobab (Adansonia digitata)
Authors: Karimi Nisa , Saghafi Samuel , Keefover‐Ring Ken , Venter Sarah M. , Ané Cécile , Baum David A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChiropterophily, or bat pollination, is typically considered a highly specialized pollination system that has evolved independently numerous times across the angiosperm phylogeny, with distinct lineages often converging on a similar suite of floral traits. The African baobab,Adansonia digitata, occurs widespread across continental Africa and introduced throughout much of the tropics, possesses floral traits classically associated with bat pollination, namely nocturnal anthesis, pendulous white flowers, and a “musky” fragrance. Despite this, our observations and pollination exclusion experiments in South African baobab populations suggested little if any role for bats, but instead showed that hawkmoths are the main pollinators. Hand pollination indicated strong self‐incompatibility and crossing experiments suggest minimal diurnal receptivity. Furthermore, our analyses of floral volatiles revealed not only sulfur‐containing compounds, commonly associated with bat pollination, but also a high concentration of the sesquiterpene β‐caryophyllene, a compound generally more typical of hawkmoth pollination. Comparing previous pollination studies and published floral scent profiles from West Africa suggests that the classic bat pollination system in baobabs may be more labile than previously thought. This study provides an empirical example of a species that most likely evolved due to bat pollination yet has some degree of generality and possible geographic variation in floral traits and pollinator visitation patterns across its range.
Biomolecular condensates in cancer biology
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi I. , Onimaru Koh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the characteristics of cancer cells is essential for the development of improved diagnosis and therapeutics. From a gene regulation perspective, the super‐enhancer concept has been introduced to systematically understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the identities of various cell types and has been extended to the analysis of cancer cells and cancer genome alterations. In addition, several characteristic features of super‐enhancers have led to the recognition of the link between gene regulation and biomolecular condensates, which is often mediated by liquid‐liquid phase separation. Several lines of evidence have suggested molecular and biophysical principles and their alterations in cancer cells, which are particularly associated with gene regulation and cell signaling (“ transcriptional” and “signaling” condensates). These findings collectively suggest that the modification of biomolecular condensates represents an important mechanism by which cancer cells acquire various cancer hallmark traits and establish functional innovation for cancer initiation and progression. The condensate model also provides the molecular basis of the vulnerability of cancer cells to transcriptional perturbation and further suggests the possibility of therapeutic targeting of condensates. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the relationships between super‐enhancers and biomolecular condensate models, multiple scenarios of condensate alterations in cancers, and the potential of the condensate model for therapeutic development.