bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal factors that affect disabled people’s access to healthcare in the Bosomtwe District of Ghana
Authors: Acheampong Enoch , Nadutey Alberta , Bredu-Darkwa Peter , Agyei-Baffour Peter , Edusei Anthony Kwaku 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe health status and quality of life of disabled people are of immense public health concern and the Sustainable Development Goals cannot be achieved if the healthcare needs of disabled people are not met. A qualitative case study was conducted in the Bosomtwe District of Ghana to ascertain personal factors that affect disabled people’s access to healthcare in the context of disability stigma. A total of 30 disabled participants were selected through purposive sampling, and data were collected through an interview guide utilizing a face-to-face interview and focus group discussion. Themes were developed and presented as findings and relevant quotes have been provided to support the findings. The study found factors such as self-stigma, knowledge about disability condition, financial challenges, location and accessibility challenges, communication challenges and lack of personal assistants which affect their access to healthcare. The experiences of disabled people have influenced them to construct their meanings regarding their conditions and subsequent health-seeking behavior. It is recommended that the district health directorate in collaboration with the National Commission for Civic Education should intensify public health education in the district which should be custom-made to suit the community’s needs and understanding of disability taking into account local culture and belief system.
A rare missense variant in theATP2C2gene is associated with language impairment and related measures
Authors: Martinelli Angela , Rice Mabel L , Talcott Joel B , Diaz Rebeca , Smith Shelley , Raza Muhammad Hashim , Snowling Margaret J , Hulme Charles , Stein John , Hayiou-Thomas Marianna E , Hawi Ziarih , Kent Lindsey , Pitt Samantha J , Newbury Dianne F , Paracchini Silvia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAt least 5% of children present unexpected difficulties in expressing and understanding spoken language. This condition is highly heritable and often co-occurs with other neurodevelopmental disorders such as dyslexia and ADHD. Through an exome sequencing analysis, we identified a rare missense variant (chr16:84405221, GRCh38.p12) in the ATP2C2 gene. ATP2C2 was implicated in language disorders by linkage and association studies, and exactly the same variant was reported previously in a different exome sequencing study for language impairment (LI). We followed up this finding by genotyping the mutation in cohorts selected for LI and comorbid disorders. We found that the variant had a higher frequency in LI cases (1.8%, N = 360) compared with cohorts selected for dyslexia (0.8%, N = 520) and ADHD (0.7%, N = 150), which presented frequencies comparable to reference databases (0.9%, N = 24 046 gnomAD controls). Additionally, we observed that carriers of the rare variant identified from a general population cohort (N = 42, ALSPAC cohort) presented, as a group, lower scores on a range of reading and language-related measures compared to controls (N = 1825; minimum P = 0.002 for non-word reading). ATP2C2 encodes for an ATPase (SPCA2) that transports calcium and manganese ions into the Golgi lumen. Our functional characterization suggested that the rare variant influences the ATPase activity of SPCA2. Thus, our results further support the role of ATP2C2 locus in language-related phenotypes and pinpoint the possible effects of a specific rare variant at molecular level.
The Everyday Life of Security: Capturing Space, Practice, and Affect
Authors: Nyman Jonna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSecurity shapes everyday life, but despite a growing literature on everyday security there is no consensus on the meaning of the “everyday.” At the same time, the research methods that dominate the field are designed to study elites and high politics. This paper does two things. First, it brings together and synthesizes the existing literature on everyday security to argue that we should think about the everyday life of security as constituted across three dimensions: space, practice, and affect. Thus, the paper adds conceptual clarity, demonstrating that the everyday life of security is multifaceted and exists in mundane spaces, routine practices, and affective/lived experiences. Second, it works through the methodological implications of a three-dimensional understanding of everyday security. In order to capture all three dimensions and the ways in which they interact, we need to explore different methods. The paper offers one such method, exploring the everyday life of security in contemporary China through a participatory photography project with six ordinary citizens in Beijing. The central contribution of the paper is capturing—conceptually and methodologically—all three dimensions, in order to develop our understanding of the everyday life of security.
Education: A compassionate use of cefiderocol to treat osteomyelitis caused by an XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Chavda A , Gilchrist M , Samarasinghe D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report a 59-year-old male with left leg osteomyelitis caused by an XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain following a road traffic accident. Limited treatment options and adverse antimicrobial reaction led to consideration of cefiderocol together with appropriate surgical intervention. Improved bony remodelling over the tibia and fibula was observed with good bony alignment and no adverse features. Physiotherapy support was continued for 4 months following treatment, which resulted in good functional mobility, improved proprioception and full ability to bear weight. This case also adds to multiple reports that describe safe and successful use of cefiderocol to treat MDR, aerobic Gram-negative infections. The prescribing information for cefiderocol is available at: https://shionogi-eu-content.com/gb/fetcroja/pi.
Validation of the AtlasTMCampylobacter Detection Assay: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 032101
Authors: Rishi Anantharama , Huff Kenna , Han Sukkyun , Mai Tam , Zhao Yu , Jang Yongseog , Lorr Joseph , Samadpour Mansour 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Campylobacter spp. are a major causal agent for diarrheal illness in humans. Detection of Campylobacter spp. in food is critical to reduce foodborne illness, and to provide safe foods.

Objective
The aim was to evaluate the Atlas Campylobacter Detection Assay for AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM certification for detecting C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari in foods after 12 h enrichment.

Method
The Atlas Campylobacter Detection Assay was compared to the ISO 10272–1:2017 reference culture method for chicken carcass rinse, turkey carcass sponge, raw ground poultry, raw ground pork, and ready-to-eat (RTE) meats. Inclusivity, exclusivity, product consistency, product stability, and robustness studies were also performed. An independent laboratory evaluated the performance of the Atlas Campylobacter Detection Assay method on chicken carcass rinse.

Results
No significant differences were observed between the Atlas Campylobacter Detection Assay and the reference ISO method in spiked food matrixes. The Atlas Campylobacter Detection Assay detected all 50 inclusive organisms and none of the 30 exclusive organisms. Product consistency and stability studies showed no statistical differences between lots or over the term of the shelf-life using accelerated method study. Finally, the robustness study showed no statistical difference between different sample volumes, enrichment times, and storage time after sample transfer.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that the Atlas Campylobacter Detection Assay is comparable to ISO 10272–1:2017 for detecting Campylobacter in chicken carcass rinse, turkey carcass sponge, raw ground poultry, raw ground pork, and RTE meats.

Highlights
The Atlas Campylobacter Detection Assay is a rapid, accurate molecular method able to detect C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari in in chicken carcass rinse, turkey carcass sponge, raw ground poultry, raw ground pork, and RTE meats within 12–18 h.
Actions Toward Containment, Control, and Eradication of Invasive Conehead Termites (Blattodea: Isoptera: Termitidae)
Authors: Thorne Barbara L , Alspach Sue , Tenn Katherine E , Clark Marah S 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarly, strategic IPM actions can eradicate relatively new invasive conehead termite [Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) (Blattodea: Isoptera: Termitidae)] populations, preventing negative economic and ecological consequences should this pest of agriculture, structures, and natural areas become permanently established and spread. Conspicuous foraging tunnels and above-ground nests are key aspects of N. corniger biology that render colonies vulnerable to discovery and elimination. Because the goal is eradication, the termites must be controlled wherever found—structure, yard, park, overgrown lot, orchard, forest, natural area, etc. Effective IPM methods exist to contain, control, and eradicate invasive nasutes. Removing and safely disposing dead plant material and stored wood helps reduce termite food and harborage, enables liquid insecticides to penetrate soil, and facilitates access for inspections. IPM involves a combination of physical interventions including nest destruction teamed with targeted insecticide applications, followed by diligent monitoring. Fumigation is required only in unusual situations. By killing colonies and reducing overall population size, alate (swarmer) dispersal can be reduced or eliminated, thus substantially slowing—with goal of halting—infested zone expansion. This paper details specific approaches, protocols, and recommendations for detection, treatment, transport prevention, and risk-based monitoring. We present practical suggestions regarding outreach, advocacy, partnerships with stakeholders, and networking with informed professionals. All recommendations stem from the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services’ invasive conehead termite program’s best practices and lessons learned experiences during significant mitigation progress, with eradication of two populations of invasive coneheads that spread from a single introduction into Florida as an achievable goal.
Real-World Effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Against Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kjaer Susanne K , Dehlendorff Christian , Belmonte Federica , Baandrup Louise 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The primary goal of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is to reduce morbidity and mortality from HPV-associated disease, especially cervical cancer. We determined the real-world effectiveness of HPV vaccination against cervical cancer.

Methods
The study included women aged 17-30 years living in Denmark October 2006-December 2019. From nationwide registries, information on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer diagnoses were retrieved. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cervical cancer according to vaccination status were estimated using Poisson regression with HPV vaccination treated as a time-varying variable and stratified by age at vaccination. We adjusted for attained age, education, and ethnicity. To address the effect of prevalent disease, different buffer periods were used, with 1-year buffer period as primary analysis.

Results
The cohort comprised 867 689 women. At baseline, 36.3% were vaccinated at age 16 years and younger, and during follow-up, 19.3% and 2.3% were vaccinated at ages 17-19 years and 20-30 years, respectively. For women vaccinated at ages 16 years and younger or 17-19 years, the IRRs of cervical cancer were 0.14 (95% CI = 0.04 to 0.53) and 0.32 (95% CI = 0.08 to 1.28), respectively, compared with unvaccinated women. In women aged 20-30 years at vaccination, the incidence rate was higher than among unvaccinated women (IRR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.80 to 1.79) but slightly decreased with increasing buffer period (IRR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.55 to 1.32, with 4-year buffer period).

Conclusion
HPV vaccine effectiveness against cervical cancer at the population level is high among girls vaccinated younger than age 20 years. The lack of immediate effect in women vaccinated at age 20-30 years points to the importance of early age at vaccination.
The GALAH Survey: using galactic archaeology to refine our knowledge of TESS target stars
Authors: Clark Jake T , Clerté Mathieu , Hinkel Natalie R , Unterborn Cayman T , Wittenmyer Robert A , Horner Jonathan , Wright Duncan J , Carter Brad , Morton Timothy D , Spina Lorenzo , Asplund Martin , Buder Sven , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Casey Andy , De Silva Gayandhi , D’Orazi Valentina , Duong Ly , Hayden Michael , Freeman Ken , Kos Janez , Lewis Geraint , Lin Jane , Lind Karin , Martell Sarah , Sharma Sanjib , Simpson Jeffrey , Zucker Dan , Zwitter Tomaz , Tinney Christopher G , Ting (丁源森) Yuan-Sen , Nordlander Thomas , Amarsi Anish M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An unprecedented number of exoplanets are being discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Determining the orbital parameters of these exoplanets, and especially their mass and radius, will depend heavily upon the measured physical characteristics of their host stars. We have cross-matched spectroscopic, photometric, and astrometric data from GALAH Data Release 2, the TESS Input Catalog and Gaia Data Release 2, to create a curated, self-consistent catalogue of physical and chemical properties for 47 285 stars. Using these data, we have derived isochrone masses and radii that are precise to within 5 per cent. We have revised the parameters of three confirmed, and twelve candidate, TESS planetary systems. These results cast doubt on whether CTOI-20125677 is indeed a planetary system, since the revised planetary radii are now comparable to stellar sizes. Our GALAH–TESS catalogue contains abundances for up to 23 elements. We have specifically analysed the molar ratios for C/O, Mg/Si, Fe/Si, and Fe/Mg, to assist in determining the composition and structure of planets with Rp &lt; 4R⊕. From these ratios, 36 per cent fall within 2$\sigma$ sigma of the Sun/Earth values, suggesting that these stars may host rocky exoplanets with geological compositions similar to planets found within our own Solar system.
The Thousand-Pulsar-Array programme on MeerKAT – V. Scattering analysis of single-component pulsars
Authors: Oswald L S , Karastergiou A , Posselt B , Johnston S , Bailes M , Buchner S , Geyer M , Keith M J , Kramer M , Parthasarathy A , Reardon D J , Serylak M , Shannon R M , Spiewak R , van Straten W , Venkatraman Krishnan V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We have measured the scattering time-scale, τ, and the scattering spectral index, α, for 84 single-component pulsars. Observations were carried out with the MeerKAT telescope as part of the Thousand-Pulsar-Array programme in the MeerTime project at frequencies between 0.895 and 1.670 GHz. Our results give a distribution of values for α (defined in terms of τ and frequency ν as τ ∝ ν−α) for which, upon fitting a Gaussian, we obtain a mean and standard deviation of 〈α〉 = 4.0 ± 0.6. This is due to our identification of possible causes of inaccurate measurement of τ, which, if not filtered out of modelling results, tend to lead to underestimation of α. The pulsars in our sample have large dispersion measures and are therefore likely to be distant. We find that a model using an isotropic scatter broadening function is consistent with the data, likely due to the averaging effect of multiple scattering screens along the line of sight. Our sample of scattering parameters provides a strong data set upon which we can build to test more complex and time-dependent scattering phenomena, such as extreme scattering events.
ERG transcription factors have a splicing regulatory function involving RBFOX2 that is altered in the EWS-FLI1 oncogenic fusion
Authors: Saulnier Olivier , Guedri-Idjouadiene Katia , Aynaud Marie-Ming , Chakraborty Alina , Bruyr Jonathan , Pineau Joséphine , O’Grady Tina , Mirabeau Olivier , Grossetête Sandrine , Galvan Bartimée , Claes Margaux , Al Oula Hassoun Zahra , Sadacca Benjamin , Laud Karine , Zaïdi Sakina , Surdez Didier , Baulande Sylvain , Rambout Xavier , Tirode Franck , Dutertre Martin , Delattre Olivier , Dequiedt Franck 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
ERG family proteins (ERG, FLI1 and FEV) are a subfamily of ETS transcription factors with key roles in physiology and development. In Ewing sarcoma, the oncogenic fusion protein EWS-FLI1 regulates both transcription and alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNAs. However, whether wild-type ERG family proteins might regulate splicing is unknown. Here, we show that wild-type ERG proteins associate with spliceosomal components, are found on nascent RNAs, and induce alternative splicing when recruited onto a reporter minigene. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ERG and FLI1 regulate large numbers of alternative spliced exons (ASEs) enriched with RBFOX2 motifs and co-regulated by this splicing factor. ERG and FLI1 are associated with RBFOX2 via their conserved carboxy-terminal domain, which is present in EWS-FLI1. Accordingly, EWS-FLI1 is also associated with RBFOX2 and regulates ASEs enriched in RBFOX2 motifs. However, in contrast to wild-type ERG and FLI1, EWS-FLI1 often antagonizes RBFOX2 effects on exon inclusion. In particular, EWS-FLI1 reduces RBFOX2 binding to the ADD3 pre-mRNA, thus increasing its long isoform, which represses the mesenchymal phenotype of Ewing sarcoma cells. Our findings reveal a RBFOX2-mediated splicing regulatory function of wild-type ERG family proteins, that is altered in EWS-FLI1 and contributes to the Ewing sarcoma cell phenotype.
Social Welfare Policy in Japan
Authors: Estévez-Abe Margarita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter surveys main topics and debates related to the Japanese welfare state. For a long time, scholars disagreed on the basic facts about Japan’s postwar welfare state. Some said it was too small, other said it was not. This chapter solves this mystery by introducing the concept of functional equivalents. It explains how social welfare programs and their functional equivalents had become important components of the so-called Japanese model of capitalism in the postwar period. Once the new socioeconomic conditions that arose in the 1990s (demographic aging, economic stagnation, and financial liberalization), pressures for change intensified. The chapter demonstrates how the electoral context had set the political parameters on welfare politics in Japan differently before and after the 1994 electoral reform.
The Music Cities Paradigm
Authors: Baker Andrea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Because music cities are fast becoming economically important urban spaces for neoliberal capitalism, this chapter draws a map of this emerging field of research. Using thematic analysis, it offers an overview of the current debates connected with the development of music cities, focusing on two key issues, definitional problems, and the music city branding process. Building on these issues, the chapter examines a set of algorithms used to describe the development of neoliberal music cities, based on economics, the creative cities index, and heritage. In case studies of the size, scope, and significance of London, New York City, and Los Angeles, it uses algorithms to unpack the branding of these neoliberal cities as music city superstars. Uncovering a global music ecosystem based on a three-tiered cultural hierarchy of authority, where the city on the highest tier has the most power and influence in the global music industry, it notes that London is highest in the hierarchy because it is seen as the music business capital of the world. Representing the digital music and music consumption capitals of the world, New York City is second in the hierarchy, and Los Angeles, viewed as the entertainment capital, is third. The chapter concludes by offering a summary of what the study of global music cities might look like in the future.
Toward A Concept-Driven Sociology
Authors: Zerubavel Eviatar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues for a Concept-Driven sociology. Concept-Driven research defies the seemingly binary choice conventionally made between the acts of “describing” (as in inductive empiricism) and “explaining” (as in deductive positivism), instead highlighting the acts of identifying patterns and analyzing, which are neither descriptive nor explanatory but, rather, analytical. When conducting such research, one’s goal is indeed identifying and analyzing socially-patterned phenomena in an effort to reveal their fundamental features. Such intellectual endeavor can be called social pattern analysis. As one might expect, in Concept-Driven scholarship, concepts constitute the metaphorical “lenses” through which researchers access the empirical world, their role defined primarily in terms of attentional sensitization. Ultimately, Concept-Driven sociology presupposes certain cognitive skills that anyone can cultivate. In fact, it involves several such skills — namely focusing, generalizing, “exampling,” and analogizing — that have actually been tacitly utilized by various sociologists yet never explicitly analyzed from a strictly methodological standpoint.
Interactionist Tools for Assessing Community Resilience
Authors: Leap Braden 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter contends that classic and contemporary research by symbolic interactionists, and those in closely related theoretical traditions, can provide an effective toolkit for enriching assessments of how resilience unfolds in practice. This is especially important if we hope to develop and implement policies and programs that have a greater potential for enhancing communities' abilities to effectively respond to socio-ecological disruptions. The chapter discusses resilience theory before addressing how interactionist work on institutions as well as interactions between humans and nonhumans—what can be referred to as (non)human interactions—can enrich considerations of resilience. Socio-ecological resilience theory has increasingly been utilized by scholars, development officials, and policy makers to assess whether and how communities can be sustained in response to disruptions related to a range of socio-ecological processes such as floods, epidemics, climate change, and economic downturns. Paralleling others who advocate employing multiple theoretical traditions to better assess the intricate complexities of resilience, instead of arguing that symbolic interaction should supplant other approaches to studying resilience, the chapter emphasizes that symbolic interactionism can complement and extend existing research on resilience.
The Idea of the “Islamic Intellectual”
Authors: El-Affendi Abdelwahab 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The concept of an “Islamic intellectual” poses many problems of intelligibility, validity and relevance. It is rejected by the secular mainstream that sees the intellectual as, by definition, secular, and by conservative and radical Islamic trends as an illegitimate usurper of religious authority. However, historical and present realities demonstrate the existence and pivotal modernizing and bridging role of this supposedly impossible figure. Leading “Islamic” intellectuals like Iqbal, Shari‘ati, Bennabi, etc., have played decisive intellectual, social, and spiritual roles, including launching revolutions or creating new countries. This chapter seeks to unravel the paradoxes of this at once impossible and indispensable figure.