bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disrupted Spatial Organization of Cued Exogenous Attention Persists Into Adulthood in Developmental Dyslexia
Authors: Pina Rodrigues Ana , Castelo-Branco Miguel , van Asselen Marieke 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:Abnormal exogenous attention orienting and diffused spatial distribution of attention have been associated with reading impairment in children with developmental dyslexia. However, studies in adults have failed to replicate such relationships. The goal of the present study was to address this issue by assessing exogenous visual attention and its peripheral spatial distribution in adults with developmental dyslexia.Methods:We measured response times, accuracy and eye movements of 18 dyslexics and 19 typical readers in a cued discrimination paradigm, in which stimuli were presented at different peripheral eccentricities.Results:Results showed that adults with developmental dyslexia were slower that controls in using their mechanisms of exogenous attention orienting. Moreover, we found that while controls became slower with the increase of eccentricity, dyslexics showed an abnormal inflection at 10° as well as similar response times at the most distant eccentricities. Finally, dyslexics show attentional facilitation deficits above 12° of eccentricity, suggesting an attentional engagement deficit at far periphery.Conclusion:Taken together, our findings indicate that, in dyslexia, the temporal deficits in orientation of attention and its abnormal peripheral spatial distribution are not restricted to childhood and persist into adulthood. Our results are, therefore, consistent with the hypothesis that the neural network underlying selective spatial attention is disrupted in dyslexia.
Treatment Effect of Bumetanide in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Shan Ling , Miao Chunyue , Xu Zhida , Jia Feiyong 
Published: November 2021

Background: The therapeutic effect of bumetanide on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) seems to be controversial. To obtain better evidence on the efficacy of bumetanide, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed.Methods: Randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of bumetanide treatment in children with ASD were identified through systematic review from database inception to January 17, 2021. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was carried out to examine the effect of bumetanide on the severity of symptoms of ASD as assessed by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Social Responsive Scale (SRS); core symptoms according to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 of the American Psychiatric Association [social affect (SA), restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (RRB) and sensory symptoms]; and the therapeutic effect as assessed by Clinical Global Impressions-Efficacy (CGI-E).Results: In total, six RCTs involving 496 participants with ASD were identified in our study. The results showed that bumetanide could significantly improve the severity of the ASD symptoms measured by CARS and SRS. There was also evidence that bumetanide had positive effect on the core symptoms of ASD such as the SA and RRB, but there was no statistically significant effect on sensory symptoms. A significant positive effect on CGI-E scores in ASD patients was also observed.Conclusion: Our meta-analysis provided some support that bumetanide could improve the symptoms of children with ASD. However, additional large-scale longitudinal studies that provide clearer information and better control for confounding factors are needed to confirm our findings.
Polydopamine-Assisted Surface Modification of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Anti-Biofilm Activity for Dental Implantology Applications
Authors: Marinas Ioana Cristina , Tihauan Bianca Maria , Diaconu Andreea Gabriela , Filip Xenia , Petran Anca , Grosu Ioana-Georgeta , Bogdan Diana , Barbu Lucian , Ivanof Ana Maria , Angheloiu Marin , Pircalabioru Grațiela Gradisteanu , Filip Claudiu 
Published: November 2021

Coating the surfaces of implantable materials with various active principles to ensure inhibition of microbial adhesion, is a solution to reduce infections associated with dental implant. The aim of the study was to optimize the polydopamine films coating on the Ti-6Al-6V alloy surface in order to obtain a maximum of antimicrobial/antibiofilm efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity. Surface characterization was performed by evaluating the morphology (SEM, AFM) and structures (Solid-state 13C NMR and EPR). Antimicrobial activity was assessed by logarithmic reduction of CFU/mL, and the antibiofilm activity by reducing the adhesion of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans strains. The release of NO was observed especially for C. albicans strain, which confirms the results obtained for microbial adhesion. Among the PDA coatings, for 0.45:0.88 (KMnO4:dopamine) molar ratio the optimal compromise was obtained in terms of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity, while the 0.1:1.5 ratio (KMnO4:dopamine) led to higher NO release and implicitly the reduction of the adhesion capacities only for C. albicans, being slightly cytotoxic but with moderate release of LDH. The proposed materials can be used to reduce the adhesion of yeast to the implantable material and thus inhibit the formation of microbial biofilms.
Additions to the Knowledge of Corticioid Xylodon (Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales): Introducing Three New Xylodon Species from Southern China
Authors: Luo Kai-Yue , Qu Meng-Han , Zhao Chang-Lin 
Published: November 2021

Three wood-inhabiting fungal species, Xylodon gossypinus, X. macrosporus, and X. sinensis spp. nov. were collected from southern China, with the similar function to decompose rotten wood, which are here proposed as new taxa based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Xylodon gossypinus is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with cotton hymenophore, and ellipsoid basidiospores; X.macrosporus is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata having the cracking hymenophore with pale yellowish hymenial surface, and larger basidiospores 8–10.5 × 7.5–9 µm; and X. sinensis differs by its grandinioid hymenial surface and subglobose basidiospores measuring as 3–5 × 2.5–4 µm. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The ITS+nLSU analysis in Hymenochaetales revealed that the three new species clustered into the Schizoporaceae family, located in genus Xylodon; based on the ITS dataset, X. gossypinus was a sister to X. ussuriensis; X. macrosporus closely grouped with X.follis with a high support; and X.sinensis was retrieved as two sisters to X. attenuatus and X. yarraensis with a lower support.
Regression Analysis and Comparison of Economic Parameters with Different Light Index Models under Various Constraints
Authors: Yuan Debao , Jiang Huinan , Guo Wei , Cui Ximin , Wu Ling , Wu Ziruo , Wang Hongsen 
Published: November 2021

Economic globalization is developing more rapidly than ever before. At the same time, economic growth is accompanied by energy consumption and carbon emissions, so it is particularly important to estimate, analyze and evaluate the economy accurately. We compared different nighttime light (NTL) index models with various constraint conditions and analyzed their relationships with economic parameters by linear correlation. In this study, three indices were selected, including original NTL, improved impervious surface index (IISI) and vegetation highlights nighttime-light index (VHNI). In the meantime, all indices were built in a linear regression relationship with gross domestic product (GDP), employed population and power consumption in southeast China. In addition, the correlation coefficient R2 was used to represent fitting degree. Overall, comparing the regression relationships with GDP of the three indices, VHNI performed best with the value of R2 at 0.8632. For the employed population and power consumption regression with these three indices, the maximum R2 of VHNI are 0.8647 and 0.7824 respectively, which are also the best performances in the three indices. For each individual province, the VHNI perform better than NTL and IISI in GDP regression, too. When taking employment population as the regression object, VHNI performs best in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, but not all provinces. Finally, for power consumption regression, the value of VHNI R2 is better than NTL and IISI in every province except Hainan. The results show that, among the indices under different constraint conditions, the linear relationships between VHNI and GDP and power consumption are the strongest under vegetation constraint in southeast China. Therefore, VHNI index can be used for fitting analysis and prediction of economy and power consumption in the future.
SANKSI TEGAS SERTA UPAYA HUKUM GUNA MENCEGAH TERJADINYA MONEY POLITIC PEMILU LEGISLATIF
Authors: Dairani Dairani 
Published: November 2021

Pemilu merupakan bagian dari negara yang menganut sistem demokrasi dalam menjalankan kegiatan pemerintahan. Pemilu juga merupakan cara memilih dan menentukan kepala negara yang juga kepala pemerintahan. Pasal 22E (2) UUD 1945 sebagai dasar hukum utama penyelenggaraan pemilu. Diselenggarakannya pemilu untuk menghasilkan anggota (DPR), (DPD) dan (DPRD). Pelaksanaan pemilu yang bersih, terbuka dan adil merupakan amanah tegas konstitusi untuk menciptakan pemilu yang demokratis dan berkualitas. Namun, pelanggaran, kecurangan, dan penyalahgunaan kekuasaan masih saja terjadi dalam praktik pemilihan umum. Politik uang merupakan salah satu isu hukum yang kuat hingga saat ini dan jumlahnya terus bertambah dari tahun sebelumnya dalam pemilihan umum, pemilihan kepala daerah dan pilkades. Politik uang merupakan usaha untuk membuat orang lain (masyarakat) empati dengan menggunakan materi sebagai imbalan dalam transaksi perdagangan suara sebelum dan selama pemilu. Dalam artikel ini, membahas tentang pengenaan sanksi hukum sebagai upaya hukum untuk mencegah praktik politik uang yang terjadi ketika sebuah pesta demokrasi diselenggarakan.
KEBIASAAN MEMBACA CERPEN DENGAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS NARASI
Authors: Nuryadin Cecep 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kebiasaan siswa dalam membaca cerpen dan mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis karangan narasi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kuesioner dan tes tulis. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan: (1) kebiasaan membaca cerpen siswa Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah Negeri dengan jumlah siswa 48 dapat diketahui bahwa sebanyak 29 siswa (82,88%) berada pada kategori sedang, 13 siswa (11,71%) berada pada kategori tinggi, dan 6 siswa (5,41%) berada pada kategori rendah; (2) keterampilan menulis narasi siswa Kelas X di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Kota Baubau dengan jumlah siswa 48 dapat diketahui bahwa sebanyak 27 siswa (58,56%) berada pada kategori sedang, 12 siswa (17,12%) berada pada kategori tinggi, dan 9 siswa (24,32%) yang berada pada kategori rendah. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebiasaan membaca cerpen dengan keterampilan menulis narasi mempunyai hubungan timbal balik. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam cerpen pasti terdapat narasi yang menjadi dasar dalam sebuah cerpen.
Technological evaluation of bentonite suspension obtained using hydromechanical method
Authors: Сильвестров А.В. , Загоруйко В.А. , Чаплыгина Н.Б. , Рыжков В.В. , Ермихина М.В. , Весютова А.В. , Иванова Е.В. 
Published: November 2021

Изучены физико-химические свойства суспензии бентонита, полученной гидромеханическим способом в сравнении с традиционным. Представлены результаты исследований по обеспечению стабильности винодельческой продукции против необратимых коллоидных помутнений при применении суспензии бентонита, приготовленной гидромеханическим способом. Установлено, что суспензия бентонита, приготовленная гидродинамическим способом при частоте вращения ротора 2980 об/мин. в течение 5 мин. и средним размером частиц от 8 до 10 мкм, позволяет значительно повысить качество обработки виноматериалов и достичь высоких показателей их стабильности, а также снизить объем образующихся осадков до 10 процентов. Результаты технологической оценки суспензии бентонита, полученной на экспериментальной установке, положены в основу определения режимных и конструктивных параметров оборудования для приготовления растворов и суспензий вспомогательных материалов в виноделии.
Physicochemical properties of bentonite suspension obtained using hydromechanical method in comparison with traditional one have been studied. The results of studies on providing the wine product stability against nonreversible colloidal haze in applying bentonite suspension prepared using hydromechanical method are presented. It was found that bentonite suspension prepared using hydrodynamic method at a rotor speed of 2980 rpm during 5 minutes and an average particle size of 8 to 10 µm, can significantly improve the quality of processing base wines, achieve high stability level and reduce the amount of sediment by up to 10 percent. The results of technological evaluation of bentonite suspension obtained using experimental unit are the basis for determining the operating and design parameters of equipment for preparation of solutions and suspensions of auxiliary materials in winemaking.
Uji Efek Imunumodulator Vco (Virgin Coconut Oil) Pada Tikus Jantan
Authors: Sebayang Loraetta Brety , Hasibuan Ahmad Syukur 
Published: November 2021

(Article History: Received August 25, 2021; Revised Sept 17, 2021; Accepted Sept 20, 2021) ABSTRAKVirgin coconut oil merupakan minyak kelapa murni.VCO mengandung Medium Chain Fatty Acid (MCFA) yang memiliki pengaruh dalam meningkatkan sistem imunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek imunomodulator VCO terhadap aktivitas fagositosis dan nilai titer antibodi pada tikus jantan. Kelompok uji bersihan karbon dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok dengan masing-masing terdiri dari 5 tikus yaitu kelompok suspensi CMC Na 0,5%, Imboost dosis 30 mg/kgBB, virgin coconut oil 5 ml/KgBB, 10 ml/KgBB,15 ml/KgBB. Perlakuan diberikan sehari sekali selama tujuh hari dan hari ke delapan dilakukan uji imunomodulator dengan metode bersihan karbon. Kelompok perlakuan uji titer antibodi sama seperti di atas selain kontrol positif menggunakan levamisole dosis 25 mg/kgBB diberikan secara oral selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa VCO 5 ml/KgBB, 10 ml/KgBB, 15 ml/KgBB meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis sel makrofag dibandingkan dengan Na-CMC 0,5% (P<0,05) dan berpengaruh secara signifikan meningkatkan pembentukan antibodi sel imun tikus jantan.Kata Kunci: Virgin coconut oil; imunomodulator; fagositosis; titer antibodi ABSTRACTVirgin coconut oil (VCO) is pure coconut oil. VCO contains Medium Chain Fatty Acid (MCFA) which has an influence increased immune system. This study was to determine the immunomodulatory effect of VCO on phagocytic activity and antibody titer values in male rats.The carbon clearance test group was divided into 5 groups with 5 rats each of 0.5% CMC Na suspension, Imboost dose of 30 mg/kgBW, Virgin coconut oil 5 ml/KgBW, 10 ml/KgBW, 15 ml/KgBW. The treatment was given once a day for seven days, on the eight day immunomodulatory test was performed use carbon clearance method. The antibody titer test treatment group was same, except for the positive control, levamisole at a dose of 25 mg/kgBW orally for 14 days. The results showed that VCO 5 ml/KgBB, 10 ml/KgBB, 15 ml/KgBB significantly increased macrophage cell phagocytic activity compared to 0.5% Na-CMC (P<0.05) and could increase cell antibody formation immunity of male mice significantly.Keywords: Virgin coconut oil; immunomodulator; phagocytosis; antibody titer
How Complete Are Surveys for Nearby Transiting Hot Jupiters?
Authors: Yee Samuel W. , Winn Joshua N. , Hartman Joel D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hot Jupiters are a rare and interesting outcome of planet formation. Although more than 500 hot Jupiters (HJs) are known, most of them were discovered by a heterogeneous collection of surveys with selection biases that are difficult to quantify. Currently, our best knowledge of HJ demographics around FGK stars comes from the sample of ≈40 objects detected by the Kepler mission, which have a well-quantified selection function. Using the Kepler results, we simulate the characteristics of the population of nearby transiting HJs. A comparison between the known sample of nearby HJs and simulated magnitude-limited samples leads to four conclusions. (1) The known sample of HJs appears to be ≈75% complete for stars brighter than Gaia G ≤ 10.5, falling to ≲50% for G ≤ 12. (2) There are probably a few undiscovered HJs with host stars brighter than G ≈ 10 located within 10° of the Galactic plane. (3) The period and radius distributions of HJs may differ for F-type hosts (which dominate the nearby sample) and G-type hosts (which dominate the Kepler sample). (4) To obtain a magnitude-limited sample of HJs that is larger than the Kepler sample by an order of magnitude, the limiting magnitude should be approximately G ≈ 12.5. This magnitude limit is within the range for which NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite can easily detect HJs, presenting the opportunity to greatly expand our knowledge of hot-Jupiter demographics.
Cosmic-Ray Transport in Simulations of Star-forming Galactic Disks
Authors: Armillotta Lucia , Ostriker Eve C. , Jiang 姜 Yan-Fei 燕飞 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cosmic-ray transport on galactic scales depends on the detailed properties of the magnetized, multiphase interstellar medium (ISM). In this work, we postprocess a high-resolution TIGRESS magnetohydrodynamic simulation modeling a local galactic disk patch with a two-moment fluid algorithm for cosmic-ray transport. We consider a variety of prescriptions for the cosmic rays, from a simple, purely diffusive formalism with constant scattering coefficient, to a physically motivated model in which the scattering coefficient is set by the critical balance between streaming-driven Alfvén wave excitation and damping mediated by local gas properties. We separately focus on cosmic rays with kinetic energies of ∼1 GeV (high-energy) and ∼30 MeV (low energy), respectively important for ISM dynamics and chemistry. We find that simultaneously accounting for advection, streaming, and diffusion of cosmic rays is crucial for properly modeling their transport. Advection dominates in the high-velocity, low-density hot phase, while diffusion and streaming are more important in higher-density, cooler phases. Our physically motivated model shows that there is no single diffusivity for cosmic-ray transport: the scattering coefficient varies by four or more orders of magnitude, maximal at density n
H ∼ 0.01 cm−3. The ion-neutral damping of Alfvén waves results in strong diffusion and nearly uniform cosmic-ray pressure within most of the mass of the ISM. However, cosmic rays are trapped near the disk midplane by the higher scattering rate in the surrounding lower-density, higher-ionization gas. The transport of high-energy cosmic rays differs from that of low-energy cosmic rays, with less effective diffusion and greater energy losses for the latter.
Thermal Damping of Weak Magnetosonic Turbulence in the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Silsbee Kedron , Ivlev Alexei V. , Gong Munan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present a generic mechanism for the thermal damping of compressive waves in the interstellar medium (ISM), occurring due to radiative cooling. We solve for the dispersion relation of magnetosonic waves in a two-fluid (ion-neutral) system in which density- and temperature-dependent heating and cooling mechanisms are present. We use this dispersion relation, in addition to an analytic approximation for the nonlinear turbulent cascade, to model dissipation of weak magnetosonic turbulence. We show that in some ISM conditions, the cutoff wavelength for magnetosonic turbulence becomes tens to hundreds of times larger when the thermal damping is added to the regular ion-neutral damping. We also run numerical simulations, which confirm that this effect has a dramatic impact on cascade of compressive wave modes.
Direct Numerical Simulations of Cosmic-ray Acceleration at Dense Circumstellar Medium: Magnetic-field Amplification and Maximum Energy
Authors: Inoue Tsuyoshi , Marcowith Alexandre , Giacinti Gwenael , Jan van Marle Allard , Nishino Shogo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Galactic cosmic rays are believed to be accelerated at supernova remnants. However, whether supernova remnants can be PeV is still very unclear. In this work we argue that PeV cosmic rays can be accelerated during the early phase of a supernova blast-wave expansion in dense red supergiant winds. We solve in spherical geometry a system combining a diffusive–convection equation that treats cosmic-ray dynamics coupled to magnetohydrodynamics to follow gas dynamics. A fast shock expanding in a dense ionized wind is able to trigger fast, non-resonant streaming instability over day timescales and energizes cosmic rays even under the effect of p–p losses. We find that such environments produce PeV blast waves, although the maximum energy depends on various parameters such as the injection rate and mass-loss rate of the winds. Multi-PeV energies can be reached if the progenitor mass-loss rates are of the order of 10−3
M
⊙ yr−1. It has been recently proposed that, prior to the explosion, hydrogen-rich massive stars can produce enhanced mass-loss rates. These enhanced rates would then favor the production of a PeV phase in early times after shock breakout.
Giant Planets, Tiny Stars: Producing Short-period Planets around White Dwarfs with the Eccentric Kozai–Lidov Mechanism
Authors: Stephan Alexander P. , Naoz Smadar , Gaudi B. Scott 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The recent discoveries of WD J091405.30+191412.25 (WD J0914 hereafter), a white dwarf (WD) likely accreting material from an ice-giant planet, and WD 1856+534 b (WD 1856 b hereafter), a Jupiter-sized planet transiting a WD, are the first direct evidence of giant planets orbiting WDs. However, for both systems, the observations indicate that the planets’ current orbital distances would have put them inside the stellar envelope during the red-giant phase, implying that the planets must have migrated to their current orbits after their host stars became WDs. Furthermore, WD J0914 is a very hot WD with a short cooling time that indicates a fast migration mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that the Eccentric Kozai–Lidov Mechanism, combined with stellar evolution and tidal effects, can naturally produce the observed orbital configurations, assuming that the WDs have distant stellar companions. Indeed, WD 1856 is part of a stellar triple system, being a distant companion to a stellar binary. We provide constraints for the orbital and physical characteristics for the potential stellar companion of WD J0914 and determine the initial orbital parameters of the WD 1856 system.