bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue crack initiation and growth behavior in a notch with periodic overloads in the low‐cycle fatigue regime of FV566 ex‐service steam turbine blade material
Authors: Cunningham Benjamin M. D. , Evangelou Angelos , You Chao , Morris Andrew , Wise James , Reed Philippa A. S. , Hamilton Andrew R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe effect of periodic overloads on crack initiation, growth rate, and fatigue life, within a notch stress field representative of a turbine blade root fixing, has been investigated. Bend bars made from FV566 martensitic stainless steel were extracted from the root of ex‐service power plant turbine blades and representative notches introduced. These notched plain bend bars were loaded plastically in the low‐cycle fatigue regime and were tested with overloads up to 150% of the cyclic baseload every 150 baseload cycles. A periodic overload of 50% of the cyclic baseload increased the number of cycles to crack initiation and slightly retarded the crack growth rates of both short and long cracks, leading to a slight improvement in fatigue life. The results suggest that small overloads (less than 10%) are not expected to significantly impact fatigue lifetimes or service scheduling of components such as low‐pressure steam turbine blades.
Repoliticizing diversity work? Exploring the performative potentials of norm‐critical activism
Authors: Plotnikof Mie , Muhr Sara Louise , Holck Lotte , Just Sine Nørholm 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDiversity management efforts often turn diversity issues into a business case, thereby depoliticizing these issues and shying away from more political concerns of inequality and discriminating norms of difference. In this study, we explore the performative potential of activist practices to promote the repoliticization of organizational diversity work. To do so, we draw on interviews with three explicitly norm‐critical activists, discussing how insigths from their practices can inspire diversity work in formal organizational contexts. The three activists are (1) a twerk dancer, psychologist, radio host, and co‐founder of a popular fourth‐wave feminist group; (2) a project manager and co‐founder of a non‐governmental organization for minority ethnic lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender + people; and (3) an anarchist activist, gender educator, and founder of a gender network for educators. Showing how their norm‐critical practices work through discursive tensions of personal↔public issues, safe↔unsafe spaces, and creative↔conventional methods, we discuss how these practices may perform in organizational settings, enabling the repoliticization of diversity work in and as the constant negotiation and recognition of norms of difference.
Sexual issues in people with haemophilia: Awareness and strategies for overcoming communication barriers
Authors: Blamey Greig , Van Tassel Becky , Sagermann Elizabeth , Stain Ann Marie , Waterhouse Linda , Iorio Alfonso 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Haemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities (HERO) Study identified sexual health as an important psychosocial issue affecting people with haemophilia (PWH) worldwide. However, sexual health is inadequately addressed at haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs), because PWH and healthcare professionals (HCPs) experience barriers to broaching the subject. There is a clear need for HCP training to support communication in this area and improve comprehensive care.AimThe Sexual Health: Strategies for Effective Communication pilot programme was trialled in Canada to assess HCP readiness and ability to discuss sexual health issues with PWH and test communication tools to facilitate these conversations.MethodsThe pilot programme consisted of two 3‐h sessions attended by seven HCPs from Calgary's Alberta Children's and Foothills Hospitals. The sessions included lectures and case scenarios and explained the check‐in–affirm–clarify–answer and head–heart–body tools designed by the Centre for Sexuality to aid communication. The pilot was evaluated through discussions and an online questionnaire.ResultsThe pilot was well received by all HCP participants. Questionnaire data showed improvements in participants’ knowledge, skills and comfort level in conducting sexual health discussions. Greatest improvements were noted in knowledge (100% ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ after the pilot, compared with 29% beforehand). Importantly, 86% felt that the material presented would be applicable in clinical practice.ConclusionThe Canadian pilot demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed educational programme. The underlying principles could be adapted to similar programmes for other HTCs to facilitate sexual health discussions.
Birth with synthetic oxytocin and the risk of being overweight or obese during childhood
Authors: Palanisamy Arvind , Toftlund Sarah A. , Giri Tusar , Strandberg‐Larsen Katrine , Lønfeldt Nicole N. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBackgroundDespite the importance of oxytocinergic signalling for satiety regulation and energy balance, the impact of exposure to synthetic oxytocin during childbirth on obesity during childhood remains unknown.ObjectivesTo examine the association between oxytocin exposure during labour and the risk of being overweight or obese during childhood.MethodsSynthetic oxytocin exposure data of mothers from the Danish Medical Birth Registry were linked with self‐reported anthropometric data of their children from the Danish National Birth Cohort (5 months–11 years of age). Multinomial logistic regression and latent class growth analyses were performed to determine the association between oxytocin exposure and obesity during childhood.ResultsWith the exception of the normal weight‐to‐overweight group between ages 5 and 12 months, none of the other analyses revealed a significant association between synthetic oxytocin use and the risk of being overweight until the age of 11 years. Furthermore, latent class growth analysis did not reveal an association between oxytocin exposure at birth and the risk of being overweight or obese during childhood.ConclusionsOur analysis of a large cohort of children who varied in their synthetic oxytocin exposure status at childbirth did not reveal an association between oxytocin exposure and the risk of childhood overweight/obesity.
The global governance of migration: Towards a ‘messy’ approach
Authors: Triandafyllidou Anna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper engages critically with the emergence of a global migration governance regime today, particularly through the Global Compact for Safe Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM). The paper questions why and how the global governance of migration is emerging today under a blueprint that emphasizes orderly, safe, regular flows when the reality is that most flows are disorderly, unsafe and partly regular or indeed largely unauthorized. The paper discusses how the global governance of migration is inscribed in the paradigm of risk society and why we need to go beyond this paradigm acknowledging complexity and uncertainty, arguing that we need to rethink migration governance as messy.
Glass‐ceramic composites as insulation material for thermoelectric oxide multilayer generators
Authors: Bresch Sophie , Mieller Björn , Mrkwitschka Paul , Moos Ralf , Rabe Torsten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThermoelectric generators can be used as energy harvesters for sensor applications. Adapting the ceramic multilayer technology, their production can be highly automated. In such multilayer thermoelectric generators, the electrical insulation material, which separates the thermoelectric legs, is crucial for the performance of the device. The insulation material should be adapted to the thermoelectric regarding its averaged coefficient of thermal expansion α and its sintering temperature while maintaining a high resistivity.In this study, starting from theoretical calculations, a glass‐ceramic composite material adapted for multilayer generators from calcium manganate and calcium cobaltite is developed. The material is optimized towards an α of 11 × 10−6 K−1 (20–500°C), a sintering temperature of 900°C, and a high resistivity up to 800°C. Calculated and measured α are in good agreement. The chosen glass‐ceramic composite with 45 vol.% quartz has a resistivity of 1 × 107 Ωcm and an open porosity of <3%. Sintered multilayer samples from tape‐cast thermoelectric oxides and screen‐printed insulation show only small reaction layers. It can be concluded that glass‐ceramic composites are a well‐suited material class for insulation layers as their physical properties can be tuned by varying glass composition or dispersion phases.
Discharge characteristics of pre‐polarized doped lead zirconate titanate under impact at room and high temperature
Authors: Wang Ruizhi , Tang Enling , Yang Guolai , Han Yafei , Chen Chuang , Chang Mengzhou , Guo Kai , He Liping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPiezoelectric materials have more and more applications in modern smart fuzes due to their multiple uses such as energy storage and sensing. The electrical output characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics under high temperature and high overload environments are critical to the reliability of the device. In this paper, the mechanical and electrical response of pre‐polarized doped lead zirconate titanate (PZT‐5H) under impact at room temperature to 250°C, that is, above the Curie temperature, was investigated through a split‐Hopkinson pressure bar experiment with an additional electrical output measurement system. The depolarization effect caused by temperature and the mechanical load was analyzed. A thermoviscoelastic constitutive model considering temperature and the strain rate was built based on the experimental data. The model can successfully predict the mechanical and electrical response of PZT‐5H under impact at different temperatures. The discharge characteristics of PZT‐5H under impact in the cooling stage after high‐temperature depolarization were also investigated, and the apparent flexoelectric coefficient of the PZT after complete depolarization was calculated. The research results show that the dynamic piezoelectric coefficient of PZT‐5H has a nonlinear relationship with temperature. During the high‐temperature cooling process, PZT has a shock‐induced polarization under the impact, and the output voltage is less than the polarized piezoelectric ceramic but higher than the flexural polarization at the same temperature. After complete depolarization, the apparent flexoelectric coefficient of PZT‐5H is 127 μC/m.
Aqueous alkaline suitable gel system and related mechanism for highly transparent La0.4Gd1.6Zr2O7 ceramic preparation
Authors: Liang Lexing , Tang Zhe , Liu Ajiao , Deng Shiwei , Yuan Haifeng , Guo Hao , Ye Yucheng , Qi Jianqi , Huang Zhangyi , Lu Tiecheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, a fabrication route combined optimized ISOBAM‐104/TAC gel‐casting (where TAC refers to triammonium citrate) and one‐step sintering technology was developed to prepare highly transparent LaxGd2‐xZr2O7 (LGZO) ceramics. The gelling behavior in an alkaline environment was investigated, and the corresponding mechanism was systematically proposed for the advanced spontaneous gel system. The starting materials after ball milling were directly shaped into green bodies without any treatment, and high‐quality LGZO ceramics were obtained by three‐stage debinding and one‐step sintering. The in‐line transmittance of these ceramics reaches 74% at 1100 nm, which is about 95% of the theoretical value. This work not only establishes an efficient method to fabricate LGZO ceramics in large and complex shapes but also elucidates the gelling mechanism in alkaline, which expands the application of gel‐casting technology in transparent ceramics.
Life history, mating dynamics and the origin of parental care
Authors: Azad Tamjeed , Alonzo Suzanne H. , Bonsall Michael B. , Klug Hope 
Published: November 2021

AbstractParental care, mating dynamics and life history co‐evolve. Understanding the diversity of reproductive patterns found in nature is a major focus of evolutionary ecology research. Previous research suggests that the origin of parental care of eggs will be favoured when egg and adult death rates and juvenile survival are relatively high. However, the previous research that explored the link between care and life history did not account for among‐species variation in mating dynamics. As mating dynamics are generally expected to influence care, we explore, theoretically, the life‐history conditions (stage‐specific rates of maturation and survival) that favour parental care across three mating scenarios: reproductive rate (1) is unaffected by males (assuming that some males are present), (2) increases as male abundance increases or (3) decreases as male abundance increases. Across scenarios, all forms of care were most strongly favoured when egg and adult death rates, juvenile survival and female egg maturation rates were relatively high. When reproductive rate was unaffected by male abundance or increased as male abundance increased, as we might expect in systems in which females are mate‐limited, all forms of care were most strongly favoured when male egg maturation rate (i.e. the rate at which male eggs develop, mature and hatch) was moderate or high. When greater male abundance inhibited reproduction, which might occur in systems with intense male–male competition, all forms of care were most strongly favoured when male egg maturation rate was low‐to‐moderate. These results suggest that life history affects the evolution of parental care, and sex‐specific life history can interact with mating dynamics to influence the origin of care.
Real earnings smoothing and crash risk: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Kuang Wenjun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractI focus on the relationship between real earnings smoothing and one‐year‐ahead firm‐specific crash risk in Japan and investigate the effect of financial institutional ownership and the implementation of J‐SOX on the above relationship. Specifically, I hypothesize that the garbling real earnings smoothing is positively associated with stock price crash risk, and the informative real earnings smoothing is negatively associated with stock price crash risk. My results show that the crash risk increases as the garbling real earnings smoothing increases due to the managerial concealment of bad news about firms’ prospects. However, there is no significant relationship between the informative real earnings smoothing and crash risk. I further find that the relation between garbling real earnings smoothing and crash risk is constrained by effective external monitoring by stable institutional investors and the implementation of J‐SOX. Further evidence indicates that there is a significant and negative relationship between the garbling real earnings smoothing and asymmetric timeliness with respect to bad news. These results suggest that managers undertake the garbling component of real earnings smoothing to withhold the negative private information, resulting in the increase of downside risk of firms’ stock price. Overall, this study investigates the role of real earnings smoothing in the negative information transmission by managers in Japanese firms.
Comparative morphology of the dormouse skull and the influence of size and ecology
Authors: Hennekam Jesse J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDormice are widely dispersed across various ecosystems in Eurasia and Africa and among the oldest extant rodent lineages. Despite distinct morphological variation to be present between groups, comprehensive morphometrical studies on the dormouse skull are limited. Here, the form of eight out of the nine extant dormouse genera was analysed using 3D geometric morphometrics and linear biomechanical measurements, providing a better understanding of the overall morphological variation present within Gliridae. Species‐, genus‐ and family‐specific morphological trends in both the size and shape of the cranium and mandible are linked with specific habitats and feeding strategies. Smaller dormice show adaptations to a more arboreal lifestyle such as a relatively enlarged braincase and an inferiorly reoriented foramen magnum. Larger dormice show cranial modifications, including clear flattening of the skull and a more posteriorly positioned foramen magnum, hinting towards a more rupicolous lifestyle. Furthermore, specimens inhabiting arid areas appear to have more inflated auditory bullae, whereas other variable features, such as the length of the incisive foramen, were not associated with either size changes or climatic variables. Lastly, more robust and horizontally orientated zygomatic arches as well as increased robusticity of the molar row appear to be linked with herbivory in dormice, whereas thinner arches and small concave molars are seen in more insectivorous species. This study reveals clear convergent adaptations between dormouse species and results in a better understanding of ecological drivers underpinning the morphological divergence present within Gliridae.
Prior health care utilization among adolescents treated for a suicide attempt at a rural ED
Authors: Kahn Geoffrey , Tumin Dmitry , Vasquez‐Rios Virginia , Smith Aimee , Buckman Cierra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo characterize prior contact with a rural academic health system among young people treated for a suicide attempt in the system's emergency departments (EDs).MethodsWe retrospectively examined electronic medical records from a health system serving 29 medically underserved rural counties in the Southeastern United States. Patients ages 10‐25 years were included in the study if they were admitted to the ED for a suicide attempt in 2015‐2018. Patients were stratified according to whether they had any encounter in the same health system in the 12 months prior to the attempt.FindingsOf 236 patients meeting inclusion criteria, only 10% had contact with the health system in the 12 months prior to ED treatment for a suicide attempt. Patients who lived farther than 25 km from the flagship hospital were less likely to have had prior contact (odds ratio [OR]: 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02‐0.34). Young adults ages 19‐25 years were also less likely to have prior contact than adolescents (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08‐0.76).ConclusionsFew adolescents and young adults in this rural region received prior health care from the same health system where they were treated for a suicide attempt. Hospitals operating in rural areas need to partner with community health care providers to ensure adequate reach of screening and treatment programs to prevent youth suicide and reduce care fragmentation.
Growth dynamic of Leptospira spp. from Sejroe serogroup in different media formulae
Authors: Loureiro A.P. , Brasil T. , Correia L. , Lilenbaum W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The culturing of Leptospira strains from bovine clinical samples is challenging and has resulted in some gaps in securing an epidemiological understanding. Strains related to chronic reproductive leptospirosis in cattle belong to the Sejroe serogroup – not only Hardjoprajitno and Hardjobovis but also Guaricura genotypes. This study analyses the growth of Leptospira strains from serogroup Sejroe in different culture media, with the aim of suggesting better culturing approaches. To meet this objective, two culture media were applied: EMJH and T80/40/LH. In addition, three different cocktails of selective agents were chosen. The combinations of medium and selective additives resulted in 10 different tested formulae. The poor performance of Hardjobovis in EMJH indicated that its growth may represent a possible bias when culturing these strains from bovine samples. The most efficient medium for culturing Hardjobovis was T80/40/LH, while T80/40/LH medium + STAFF combination proved to be the best choice for growth, being recommended for obtaining a higher number of these strains from bovines.
The underlying mechanisms and strategies of DNA damage and repair in radiation sialadenitis
Authors: Zhang Chong , Xiang Bin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRadiation therapy is a critical strategy for the treatment of malignant tumors. X‐ray external radiation has been successfully used to treat head and neck cancer. On the other hand, 131I internal radiation has been effective in managing differentiated thyroid cancer. However, these therapies cause radiation damage to salivary glands. Radiation sialadenitis is the most common complication associated with radiotherapy applied to the head and neck and it severely affects patients’ quality of life. Since DNA is the main intracellular target of radiation, and the integrity of the DNA structure is critical to genomic stability and the cellular survival of salivary glands, regulating radiation‐induced DNA damage offers great promise in preventing and managing radiation sialadenitis. In this review, we summarize recent progress in DNA damage and repair in irradiated salivary glands.
Where humid and arid meet: Sedimentology of coastal siliciclastic successions deposited in apparently contrasting climates
Authors: Campos‐Soto Sonia , Benito M. Isabel , Mountney Nigel P. , Plink‐Björklund Piret , Quijada I. Emma , Suarez‐Gonzalez Pablo , Cobos Alberto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeciphering the palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic setting of ancient successions that include deposits typical of different climates can be challenging. This is the case in the Late Jurassic succession cropping out in eastern Spain (South‐Iberian and western Maestrazgo basins), where deposits characteristic of both arid to semiarid and humid to subhumid settings have been identified through a detailed analysis of eight stratigraphic sections. These sections comprise shallow marine carbonates changing upward and laterally to a predominantly siliciclastic coastal and alluvial succession, including abundant dinosaur remains. Deposition of coastal and alluvial sediments occurred in flood plains, ephemeral and perennial fluvial channels, aeolian dunes, deltas, distributary mouth‐bars and associated distributary channels, and shallow water bodies influenced by both fresh and marine waters. Some of these deposits, notably those of aeolian and ephemeral fluvial origin, are characteristic of arid to semiarid climates. However, there are also abundant deposits that can be demonstrably shown to have a coeval origin, which are indicative of permanent water courses: (i) sediments of seasonal discharge fluvial channels with perennial to semi‐perennial flow, displaying subcritical and supercritical flow sedimentary structures; (ii) deltaic sediments deposited in permanent freshwater bodies; and (iii) abundant plant and dinosaur remains, especially of herbivorous dinosaurs, which required the presence of permanent water sources and abundant vegetation. These apparently contrasting sedimentary features indicate that deposition occurred under a seasonal climate controlled by monsoonal‐type precipitation. These deposits are analogous to those observed nowadays in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (north‐east Brazil), where a subhumid tropical climate with a seasonal precipitation pattern prevails. Thus, this study shows that only through careful facies analysis and interpretation of depositional processes that can be shown to be occurring concurrently in neighbouring and related depositional systems can the detailed palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic setting of complex coastal sedimentary successions be confidently reconstructed in detail.