bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection in the management of gastric varices: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chirapongsathorn Sakkarin , Manatsathit Wuttiporn , Farrell Ann , Suksamai Anuchit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimBleeding from gastric varices is a catastrophic event and poses difficulty in management. The efficacy and safety of cyanoacrylate injection remain unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection in the management of gastric varices.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus databases, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews through November 2020 and manually reviewed the literature. Trial‐specific risk ratios (RRs) were estimated and pooled using random‐effect model meta‐analysis.ResultsWe included seven randomized controlled trials (six for secondary prophylaxis and one for primary prophylaxis) at low risk of bias in which 126 deaths were reported among 583 patients with gastric varices. All studies reported the use of N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate glue. Cyanoacrylate use was associated with significantly lower all‐cause mortality (RR, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36–0.98; I2 = 41%) and rebleeding rate after hemostasis (RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.35–0.68, I2 = 0%) compared with any other treatment approach not involving cyanoacrylate. When cyanoacrylate was compared with each individual treatment approach (propranolol only, band ligation, sclerotherapy with alcohol or ethanolamine), data comprised sparse limited comparative conclusions. The use of cyanoacrylate injection was not associated with an increase in serious adverse events. The quality of evidence is moderate, graded down due to the small number of events and wide CIs.ConclusionThe use of endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection therapy for gastric varices may be associated with lower all‐cause mortality and better hemostasis compared with other therapies.
Regulatory effect of m6A modification on different viruses
Authors: Yu Pei‐Lun , Cao San‐Jie , Wu Rui , Zhao Qin , Yan Qi‐Gui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most common and reversible posttranscriptional modification of RNA in eukaryotes, which is mainly regulated by methyltransferase, demethylase, and specific binding protein. The replication of the virus and host immune response to the virus are affected by m6A modification. In different kinds of viruses, m6A modification has two completely opposite regulatory functions. This paper reviews the regulatory effects of m6A modification on different viruses and provides a reference for studying the regulatory effects of RNA epitranscriptomic modification.
Lineage and sublineage analysis of human papillomavirus type 56 in cervical samples of Iranian women
Authors: Jalali‐Alhosseini Parvin , Shoja Zabihollah , Soleimani‐Jelodar Rahim , Shokrallahnia‐Roshan Hadi , Jalilvand Somayeh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the regional lineages and sublineages of human papillomavirus type 56 (HPV 56) would be of great importance for further evolutionary, epidemiological, and biological investigations. To identify the distribution of lineages and sublineages of HPV 56 in Iran, the sequence variations of the E6 gene were analyzed in normal, premalignant, and malignant samples obtained from the cervix. In total, 58 HPV 56‐positive samples were investigated by nested‐PCR and followed by bidirectional direct nucleotide sequencing analysis. Both lineages A and B were identified in the studied samples. Lineage B was dominant as it was detected in 88.4% of all samples and the remaining samples belonged to lineage A (11.6%). Sublineages A1 and A2 were detected in 3.3% and 8.3% of all samples, respectively. With regard to the pathological stages of cervical specimens, no statistically significant differences were found in the three studied groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings showed that lineage B of HPV 56 was prevalent in Iran. However, further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to estimate the pathogenicity risk of HPV 56 lineages/sublineages to the progression of cervical cancer among Iranian women.
Gait function improvements, using Cardiff Classifier, are related to patient‐reported function and pain following hip arthroplasty
Authors: Biggs Paul , Holsgaard‐Larsen Anders , Holt Cathy A. , Naili Josefine E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSummarizing results of three‐dimensional (3D) gait analysis into a comprehensive measure of overall gait function is valuable to discern to what extent gait function is affected, and later recovered after surgery and rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate whether preoperative gait function, quantified and summarized using the Cardiff Classifier, can predict improvements in postoperative patient‐reported activities of daily living, and overall gait function 1 year after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Secondly, to explore relationships between pre‐to‐post surgical change in gait function versus changes in patient‐reported and performance‐based function. Thirty‐two patients scheduled for THA and 25 nonpathological individuals were included in this prospective cohort study. Patients were evaluated before THA and 1 year postoperatively using 3D gait analysis, patient‐reported outcomes, and performance‐based tests. Kinematic and kinetic gait parameters, derived from 3D gait analysis, were quantified using the Cardiff Classifier. Linear regressions investigated the predictive value of preoperative gait function on postoperative outcomes of function, and univariate correlations explored relationships between pre‐to‐post surgical changes in outcome measures. Preoperative gait function, by means of Cardiff Classifier, explained 35% and 30% of the total variance in change in patient‐reported activities of daily living, and in gait function, respectively. Moderate‐to‐strong correlations were found between change in gait function and change in patient‐reported function and pain, while no correlations were found between change in gait function and performance‐based function. Clinical significance: Preoperative gait function predicts postsurgical function to a moderate degree, while improvements in gait function after surgery are more closely related to how patients perceive function than their maximal performance of functional tests.
Rapid climate changes during the Lateglacial and the early Holocene as seen from plant community dynamics in the Polar Urals, Russia
Authors: Bjune Anne E. , Greve Alsos Inger , Brendryen Jo , Edwards Mary E. , Haflidason Haflidi , Johansen Maren S. , Mangerud Jan , Paus Aage , Regnéll Carl , Svendsen John‐Inge , Clarke Charlotte L. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTA detailed, well‐dated record of pollen and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) for the period 15 000–9500 cal a
bp describes changes at Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye in the Polar Ural Mountains, located far east of the classical Lateglacial sites in western Europe. Arctic tundra rapidly changed to lusher vegetation, possibly including both dwarf (Betula nana) and tree birch (B. pubescens), dated in our record to take place 14 565 cal a
bp, coincident with the onset of the Bølling in western Europe; this was paralleled by increased summer temperatures. A striking feature is an early decline in Betula pollen and sedaDNA reads 300 years before the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) in western Europe. Given the solid site chronology, this could indicate that the YD cooling started in Siberia and propagated westwards, or that the vegetation reacted to the inter‐Allerød cooling at 13 100 cal a
bp and did not recover during the late Allerød. During the YD, increases in steppe taxa such as Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae suggest drier conditions. At the onset of the Holocene, the vegetation around the lake reacted fast to the warmer conditions, as seen in the increase of arboreal taxa, especially Betula, and a decrease in herbs such as Artemisia and Cyperaceae.
Relationship of soil pH value and soil Pb bio‐availability and Pb enrichment in tea leaves
Authors: Ye Jianghua , Zhang Qi , Liu Guoying , Lin Liwen , Wang Haibin , Lin Shunxian , Wang Yuchao , Wang Yuhua , Zhang Qingxu , Jia Xiaoli , He Haibin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDLead (Pb) is not an essential element for the growth of tea trees, but it is an important index for evaluating the quality and safety of tea. Lead is a sensitive metal to pH. Exploring the changing trend of soil Pb and enrichment coefficient of Pb in tea leaves affected by soil acidification is significant for tea planting and tea quality safety control.RESULTSA percent of 37.57% of the 364 tea plantations in Anxi county of China showed soil acidification that is a soil pH value < 4.5. However, the total Pb content in the soil and Pb content of tea leaves met the requirements stipulated in China. The soil available Pb content and Pb content in tea leaves were both significantly negatively correlated with soil pH value, and increased with the decrease of soil pH value. The soil available Pb content had a significant positive correlation with soil total Pb content. However, the soil total Pb content had no significant correlation with soil pH value. Moreover, the soil Pb bio‐availability coefficient and the Pb enrichment coefficient of tea leaves decreased with the increase of soil pH value.CONCLUSIONMore than a third of tea plantations in Anxi county had been acidified. The decrease of pH value leads to an increase in the bio‐availability coefficient of soil Pb content and the enrichment coefficient of Pb content in tea leaves. The lower soil pH value resulted in the increase of the absorption and accumulation of Pb by tea trees, thus an increase of Pb content in tea leaves. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Triazine‐based covalent organic polymer: A promising coating for solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Zhang Ying , Chang Guifen , Li Jinqiu , Yang Xiumin , Zhang Shuaihua , Zang Xiaohuan , Wang Chun , Wang Zhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdvancement of novel coating materials for solid‐phase microextraction is highly needed for sample pretreatment. Herein, a triazine‐based covalent organic polymer was constructed from the monomers of cyanuric chloride and trans‐stilbene via the Friedel‐Crafts reaction and thereafter used as a solid‐phase microextraction fiber coating for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives. The newly‐developed solid‐phase microextraction method coupled with gas chromatography/flame ionization detection gives enhancement factors of 548–1236 and limits of detection of 0.40–2.81 ng/L for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives. The one fiber precision for five replicate determinations of the analytes and the fiber‐to‐fiber precision with three parallel prepared fibers, expressed as relative standard deviations, was in the range of 4.6–9.4% and 6.2–10.9%, respectively. The relative recoveries of the analytes for environmental water samples were in the range of 88.6–106.4% with the relative standard deviations ranging from 4.0 to 11.7% (n = 5).
Inverse Design of Ultra‐Compact Multimode Waveguide Bends Based on the Free‐Form Curves
Authors: Sun Shangsen , Dong Penghui , Zhang Fengchun , Wang Juanli , Zhu Ning , Shi Yaocheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOn‐chip mode‐division multiplexing (MDM) can increase the transmission capacity of a single optical bus waveguide. It is of great significance for the MDM systems to design the multimode waveguide bends (MWBs) with compact sizes. A method of designing the MWB using the inverse design algorithm is presented in this paper. Ultra‐compact MWBs with high performances are realized by changing the curvature radius of the waveguide curve, and the fabrication process only requires a single step photo‐lithography and plasma etching. The three‐mode bent waveguide with an effective radius of only 9.35 µm is designed and tested. The theoretical excess losses of TE0, TE1, and TE2 mode are less than 0.04 dB in a wide spectral range of 1500 to 1600 nm, and the crosstalks between all guided modes are all less than −29 dB. For the fabricated 90° waveguide bend the measured excess losses are 0.17, 0.04, and 0.16 dB at the central wavelength of 1550 nm, respectively, and the crosstalks between all three modes are less than −21 dB in the wavelength range from 1520 to 1600 nm. The proposed design method can be also extended to more mode‐channels.
Cognitive Impairments in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 10 and Their Relation to Cortical Thickness
Authors: Chirino‐Pérez Amanda , Vaca‐Palomares Israel , Torres Diana L. , Hernandez‐Castillo Carlos R. , Diaz Rosalinda , Ramirez‐Garcia Gabriel , Fernandez‐Ruiz Juan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia type 10 is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of an ATTCT pentanucleotide repeat. Its clinical features include ataxia and, in some cases, epileptic seizures. There is, however, a dearth of information about its cognitive deficits and the neural bases underpinning them.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to characterize the performance of spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 patients in 2 cognitive domains typically affected in spinocerebellar ataxias, memory and executive function, and to correlate the identified cognitive impairments with ataxia severity and cerebral/cerebellar cortical thickness, as quantified by MRI.MethodsMemory and executive function tests were administered to 17 genetically confirmed Mexican spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 patients, and their results were compared with 17 healthy matched volunteers. MRI was performed in 16 patients.ResultsPatients showed deficits in visual and visuospatial short‐term memory, reduced storage capacity for verbal memory, and impaired monitoring, planning, and cognitive flexibility, which were ataxia independent. Patients with seizures (n = 9) and without seizures (n = 8) did not differ significantly in cognitive performance. There were significant correlations between short‐term visuospatial memory impairment and posterior cerebellar lobe cortical thickness (bilateral lobule VI, IX, and right X). Cognitive flexibility deficiencies correlated with cerebral cortical thickness in the left middle frontal, cingulate, opercular, and temporal gyri. Cerebellar cortical thickness in several bilateral regions was correlated with motor impairment.ConclusionsPatients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 show significant memory and executive dysfunction that can be correlated with deterioration in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum and prefrontal, cingulate, and middle temporal cortices. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Prognostic Modeling of Parkinson's Disease Progression Using Early Longitudinal Patterns of Change
Authors: Ren Xuehan , Lin Jeffrey , Stebbins Glenn T. , Goetz Christopher G. , Luo Sheng 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPredicting Parkinson's disease (PD) progression may enable better adaptive and targeted treatment planning.ObjectiveDevelop a prognostic model using multiple, easily acquired longitudinal measures to predict temporal clinical progression from Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage 1 or 2 to stage 3 in early PD.MethodsPredictive longitudinal measures of PD progression were identified by the joint modeling method. Measures were extracted by multivariate functional principal component analysis methods and used as covariates in Cox proportional hazards models. The optimal model was developed from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) data set and confirmed with external validation from the Longitudinal and Biomarker Study in PD (LABS‐PD) study.ResultsThe proposed prognostic model with longitudinal information of selected clinical measures showed significant advantages in predicting PD temporal progression in comparison to a model with only baseline information (iAUC = 0.812 vs. 0.743). The modeling results allowed the development of a prognostic index for categorizing PD patients into low, mid, and high risk of progression to HY 3 that is offered to facilitate physician‐patient discussion on prognosis.ConclusionIncorporating longitudinal information of multiple clinical measures significantly enhances predictive performance of prognostic models. Furthermore, the proposed prognostic index enables clinicians to classify patients into different risk groups, which could be adaptively updated as new longitudinal information becomes available. Modeling of this type allows clinicians to utilize observational data sets that inform on disease natural history and specifically, for precision medicine, allows the insertion of a patient's clinical data to calculate prognostic estimates at the individual case level. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Novel Relationship Between Plasmalogen Lipid Signatures and Carnosine in Humans
Authors: Mayneris‐Perxachs Jordi , Meikle Peter , Mousa Aya , Naderpoor Negar , Fernández‐Real José Manuel , de Courten Barbora 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionCarnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide abundant in the skeletal and cardiac muscle and brain, which has been shown to improve glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk. This study showed that carnosine supplementation had positive changes on plasma lipidome. Here, this study aimed to establish the relationship of muscle carnosine and serum carnosinase‐1 with cardiometabolic risk factors and the lipidome.Methods and ResultsThis study profiles >450 lipid species in 65 overweight/obese nondiabetic individuals. Intensive metabolic testing is conducted using direct gold‐standard measures of adiposity, insulin sensitivity and secretion, as well as measurement of serum inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Muscle carnosine is negatively associated with 2‐h glucose concentrations, whereas serum carnosinase‐1 levels are negatively associated with insulin sensitivity and positively with IL‐18. O‐PLS and machine learning analyses reveal a strong association of muscle carnosine with ether lipids, particularly arachidonic acid‐containing plasmalogens. Carnosinase‐1 levels are positively associated with total phosphatidylethanolamines, but negatively with lysoalkylphosphatidylcholines, trihexosylceramides, and gangliosides. In particular, alkylphosphatidylethanolamine species containing arachidonic acid are positively associated with carnosinase‐1.ConclusionThese associations reinforce the role of muscle carnosine and serum carnosinase‐1 in the interplay among low‐grade chronic inflammation, glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity.
Estimation of petroleum contents in bituminous soil using compact submersible radio frequency sensor based on artificial neural network
Authors: Verma Aman , Jain Surabhi , Tiwari Nilesh Kumar , Akhtar M. Jaleel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel miniaturized noninvasive submersible compact planar sensor to estimate petroleum contents for various industrial and remote sensing applications. The proposed sensor is based on a microstrip technique wherein a complementary split‐ring resonator is used to sense samples under interrogation. The proposed compact sensor works at a resonating frequency of 8.87 GHz with quite high sensitivity. The designed sensor can accurately detect the shift in resonant frequency for corresponding change in soil samples and different level of petroleum contents. Furthermore, the sensor gives accurate permittivity extraction of various soil samples sample using an innovative automated neural network‐based algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed sensor can detect materials contents with good repeatability, which can be used to detect the presence of petroleum constituents in transportation pipelines and mining exploration.
Creating stem cell‐derived neuromuscular junctions in vitro
Authors: Luttrell Shawn M. , Smith Alec S. T. , Mack David L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent development of novel therapies has improved mobility and quality of life for people suffering from inheritable neuromuscular disorders. Despite this progress, the majority of neuromuscular disorders are still incurable, in part due to a lack of predictive models of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) breakdown. Improvement of predictive models of a human NMJ would be transformative in terms of expanding our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin development, maintenance, and disease, and as a testbed with which to evaluate novel therapeutics. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are emerging as a clinically relevant and non‐invasive cell source to create human NMJs to study synaptic development and maturation, as well as disease modeling and drug discovery. This review will highlight the recent advances and remaining challenges to generating an NMJ capable of eliciting contraction of stem cell‐derived skeletal muscle in vitro. We explore the advantages and shortcomings of traditional NMJ culturing platforms, as well as the pioneering technologies and novel, biomimetic culturing systems currently in use to guide development and maturation of the neuromuscular synapse and extracellular microenvironment. Then, we will explore how this NMJ‐in‐a‐dish can be used to study normal assembly and function of the efferent portion of the neuromuscular arc, and how neuromuscular disease‐causing mutations disrupt structure, signaling, and function.
Development and assessment of an online plant science laboratory course: Comparison to current in‐person laboratory
Authors: Sindelar Meghan E. , Witkowski Robert J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn introductory plant science lab offered by the Department of Agronomy & Horticulture at the University of Nebraska – Lincoln was adapted for online delivery. This paper describes the adjustments made for online delivery and examines students’ perceptions of learning and engagement from surveys administered in both the in‐person and online plant science laboratory course over two academic years. The in‐person course was offered in Fall. The online course was offered twice per year, as a fully independent course in Summer and with synchronous web‐conferencing discussion groups in Spring. The goal of this study was to examine differences or similarities in satisfaction and learning across the three course models. There was no difference in assessment scores or student perception of learning across models. The students in the in‐person model and the web‐conferencing model reported similar levels of understanding value and implication of course content while the fully independent students did not understand the implication of course content toward their future management decisions as well. Overall, content on plant biology was well‐translated to the online audience but implication was not as well‐translated. Having just a few opportunities for real‐time discussions with students per semester went a long way to elevating their learning and appreciation of course content as compared to working fully independently.