bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features and Surgical Treatment of Synchronous Multiple Primary Lung Adenocarcinomas With Different EGFR Mutations
Authors: Qu Rirong , Ye Fan , Hu Shaojie , Ping Wei , Cai Yixin , Fu Xiangning 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to explore clinical features and surgical outcomes of synchronous multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas (SMPLA) with different EGFR mutations to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of SMPLA.Methods: Medical records of patients with different EGFR mutations who have been diagnosed as SMPLA and underwent surgical resection from March 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were investigated.Results: A total of 70 patients ( 68.6% female and 77.1% non-somkers) were included. Total of 161 lesions in all patients, 84.4% were ground-glass opacity (GGO) lesions. EGFR mutations were detected in 108 lesions, most of which were L858R (35.4%) and 19Del (20.5%). The mutation rate of mixed GGO is significantly higher than that of pure GGO and solid nodules (SN); the mutation rate of invasive adenocarcinoma is significantly higher than that of other histology subtypes; the mutation rate of lesions >20 mm was significantly higher than that of ≤20 mm. However, there is no significant difference in the mutation rate of specific driver gene between different radiological features, pathological characteristics and sizes. After a median follow-up time of 29 months, the 3-year OS and RFS were 94.4% and 86.0%, respectively.Conclusions: A high discordance of EGFR mutations were identified between tumors in patients with SMPLA. Synchronous multiple lung adenocarcinomas with predominantly multiple GGO should be considered as SMPLA, and surgery may be aggressively performed for these patients due to a good prognosis.
Physiological Homeostasis Alteration and Cellular Structure Damage of Chlorella Vulgaris Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles with Various Microstructure Morphologies
Authors: Deng Ningcan , Li Haibo , Li Yinghua , Mo Fan , Wang Mingshuai , Li Zhe , Chen Xi , Xu Jianing , Chai Rui , Wang Hongxuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with single morphology exposed to aquatic organisms had been well revealed in the past decade, but few studies have been carried out to evaluate the toxicity differences between AgNPs with various microstructure morphologies, especially to algae. In this work, Chlorella vulgaris was used as the tested organism to illustrate the differences of toxic effects between silver nanospheres (AgNSs), silver nanocubes (AgNCs) and silver nanoplates (AgPLs) with concentration of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 mg⸳L-1, based on the algae’s growth (72h), chlorophyll-a content, antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis (48h). The results showed that the toxicity level exposed to Chlorella vulgaris was in the order of AgPLs> AgNCs> AgNSs. The difference shown indicated that the potential toxicity of AgNPs is primarily depended on their microstructure morphologies. This current study initially revealed the structure-effects of AgNPs on Chlorella vulgaris, provided a scientific basis for aquatic environmental risk assessment.
Are Hips Too Relaxed to Develop Healthy ?
Authors: Ayanoglu Semih , Çabuk Haluk , Çabuk Fatmagül Kuşku , Beng Kubilay , Yıldırım Timur , Bozkurt Süheyla Uyar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) etiology is still a controversial issue. While many factors involved in the etiology, one of which is the hormone relaxin. Relaxin concentrations in patients with DDH may lead to pathodynamic changes during hip development by altering the physiological nature of the ligament, as well as by long-term exposure to relaxin during pregnancy. Our objective in this study was to determine the quantity of relaxin receptors in the ligamentum teres and their part in causing DDH.Methods: We identified infants between birth and 3 years of age who had undergone open reduction for DDH between 2010 and 2012. 12 hips of 12 miss abortus fetus between 20 to 35 weeks of gestation were used as control group. Specimens obtained from two groups were stained with Relaxin-2 antibody and the amount of staining for relaxin receptors was determined using an ordinal H score. Results: The mean H scores of infants with DDH were significantly higher than those of controls (p=0.00). Conclusion: As a result, increased number of relaxin receptors in the ligamentum teres could be a risk factor for DDH and the number of relaxin receptors is an important clue in explaining the female:male ratio and clinical prognosis of early dysplastic hips.Level of Evidence: Level 2, Prospective comparative study
A long-life lithium-oxygen battery via a molecular quenching/mediating mechanism
Authors: Zhang Jinqiang , Zhao Yufei , Sun Bing , Xie Yuan , Tkacheva Anastasia , Qiu Feilong , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen , Yan Kang , Guo Xin , Wang Shijian , McDonagh Andrew , Peng Zhangquan , Lu Jun , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries have drawn intensive attention owing to their exceptionally high theoretical specific energy. However, their further advancement has been significantly hindered by challenges including low discharge capacity, poor energy efficiency, severe parasitic reactions, etc. Here, we report a highly Li-O2 battery operated via a new quenching/mediating mechanism that relies on the direct chemical reactions between a versatile molecule and superoxide radical/Li2O2 nanoparticles. The battery exhibits a 46-fold increase of discharge capacity, a low charge over-potential of 0.7 V, and an ultralong cycle life > 1400 cycles. The tailor-designed organic molecule features two redox mediator-active 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) moieties bridged by a quenching-active perylene diimide (PDI) backbone. The PDI-TEMPO molecule not only acts as a soluble redox mediator to catalyze both discharge and charge reactions, but also serves as a reusable superoxide radical quencher to chemically react with superoxide species generated during the operation of Li-O2 batteries, leading to the formation of Li2O2 nanoparticles which are much easier to decompose than the conventional toroidal-shaped Li2O2. The all-in-one molecule as a multifunctional additive can tackle various issues of parasitic reactions associated with superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, high over-potentials, and lithium corrosion, beyond the mere combination of PDI and TEMPO moieties’ functionalities. The molecular design of multifunctional additives combining the capabilities of redox mediators, superoxide radical quencher and beyond opens a new avenue for developing high-performance Li-O2 batteries.
Bi-Layered Disulfiram-Loaded Fiber Membranes With Antibacterial Properties for Wound Dressing
Authors: Xie Chenchen , Yan Jin , Cao Siyuan , Liu Ri , Sun Baishun , Xie Ying , Qu Kaige , Zhang Wenxiao , Weng Zhankun , Wang Zuobin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, the bi-layered disulfiram-loaded fiber membranes with antibacterial activity and different surface wettabilities are prepared using electrospinning technology. In the application of wound dressing, the hydrophilic surface of fiber membranes is beneficial for the cell adhesion and drug release to heal the wound, meanwhile the hydrophobic outside surface is able to block water penetration to reduce the probability of wound infection. The obtained bi-layered drug-loaded fiber membranes are composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) bottom surface and disulfiram (DSF)/polylactic acid (PLA) top surface. To modify the top surface wettability, the oxygen plasma modification of bi-layered membranes was carried out. We analyzed the morphology, wettability and chemical compositions of bi-layered drug-loaded fiber membranes by various techniques. And the bi-layered disulfiram-loaded membranes showed potent antibacterial activity in vitro against both Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). Thus, the obtained bi-layered disulfiram-loaded fiber membranes are very suitable for wound dressings application.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Promotes EMT in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Notch Pathway
Authors: Ji Zhiqi , Liu Xiangyan , Bao Shihao , Li Liang , Shi Mo , Song Liang , Wang Dong , Yu Yang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common devasting tumor around the world, characterized by persistent hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (hif-2α) has been regarded as an oncogene in many kinds of cancers, exerting its function to promote tumor growth and metastasis. But the role of hif-2α in ESCC remains largely unknown. In this study, we discovered hif-2α was overexpressed in ESCC and could promote proliferation and metastasis in ESCC cells. Functionally, hif-2α facilitated EMT through Notch pathway in ESCC. Moreover, we identified hif-2α as an independent factor that predict poor prognosis in ESCC patients. These findings suggested that hif-2α is a key regulator of EMT and played a critical role in promoting ESCC progression.
Spatial distribution and associated factors of antenatal care utilization in Ethiopia in 2019: Spatial and multilevel analysis
Authors: Hailegebreal Samuel , Gilano Girma , Seboka Binyam Tariku , Ahmed Mohammedjud Hassen , Simegn Atsedu Endale 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Antenatal care utilization key to reduces pregnant women death and preparing women for birth. In Ethiopian antenatal care utilization was still not meet health sector transformation plan. There was also regional variation of antenatal care services in the country. Therefore, current study was aimed to explore spatial distribution and associated factors of antenatal care utilization in Ethiopia based on the nationally representative EMDHS data.Methods: Secondary data analysis was done on 2019 Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey (EMDHS) data. ArcGIS 10.7 statistical software were used for spatial analysis. Bernoulli model was fitted by applying Kulldorff methods using the StatsCan 9.6.1 software to analyze the purely spatial clusters of ANC utilization. For associated factor mixed effect multilevel logistic regression was fitted. Inter class correlation (ICC), Median odds ratio (MOR), proportional change variance (PVC) and Deviance used for model comparison and fitness. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to declare significant factors of antenatal care utilization.Results: The prevalence of antenatal care utilization in Ethiopia was 75% [95 CI: 73%, 76%] in this study. The spatial distribution of antenatal car utilization was non-random across the country with Global Moran’s Index value of 0.032, and significant P-value(p<0.05). For associated factor secondary and higher education were 4.2 and 6 time greater than that of no formal education women with AOR of 4.2(1.99-8.66) and 6 (1.62-22) respectively. The odds of richest households were 4.2 times AOR (1.08-2.3) and the odds of married, windowed, and divorced women were 6, 8 and 4.4 time more that of single women respectively in utilizing ANC. The odd of women utilizing ANC was 4.2 times AOR (6.25-10.62). Conclusion: The spatial distribution of ANC utilization in Ethiopia is non-random. Maternal education, marital status, wealth index, place of delivery, pregnancy status region and community women education were significant predicter of antenatal care utilization in Ethiopia. Government and non-governmental organization should scale up maternal health services to low-rate area(hotspot) and poorest women.
Proposal for a Mechanical Model of Mobile Shales
Authors: Soto Juan , Heidari Mahdi , Hudec Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Structural systems involving mobile shale represent one of the most difficult challenges for geoscientists dedicated to exploring the subsurface structure of continental margins. Mobile-shale structures range from surficial mud volcanoes to deeply buried shale diapirs and shale-cored folds. Where mobile shales occur, seismic imaging is typically poor, drilling is hazardous, and established principles to guide interpretation are few. The central problem leading to these issues is the poor understanding of the mechanical behaviour of mobile shales. Here we propose that mobile shales are at critical state, and discuss how this proposition can explain key observations associated with mobile shales. The critical-state model can explain the occurrence of both fluidized shales (e.g., in mud volcanoes) and more viscous shales flowing with grain-to-grain contact (e.g., in mud diapirs), mobilization of cemented or compacted materials, and the role of overpressure in shale mobility. Our model offers new avenues for understanding complex and fascinating mobile-shale structures.
Epidemiology of Measles in West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: 2011-2015
Authors: Solomon Tesfaye , Nigatu Mamo , Areda Birhanu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Measles is a leading vaccine-preventable childhood disease, which has been designated for elimination. Despite the success of measles control, measles is still responsible for 145,700 deaths worldwide each year, with many of the outbreaks in developing countries including Ethiopia. We analyzed to characterize the epidemiology of measles and recommend better prevention and control strategies in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. Methods: Data from 2011–2015 from the Public Health Emergency Management Unit of the West Arsi Zonal Health Department database were obtained using a semi-standard checklist. We analyzed and described the data by person, place, and time.Results: We identified 1735 cases of measles between 2011- 2015. The annual average measles incidence rate during 2011-2014 was 3.4/100,000 while the incidence rate in 2015 was 14/100,000. During 2011-2015, most of the cases occurred in children age less than 15 years old (87%), and 33 % were under five. Measles cases were reported every month, and March had the highest number of cases (24%). The districts with the highest incidence rates of measles had high routine measles vaccination coverage. The proportion of districts with an annual detection rate for non-measles febrile rash was 67% both in 2014 and 2015 which was below the national target (>80%).Conclusions: Measles outbreaks in children in 2015 in an area with high routine vaccination coverage were identified. We recommended improving vaccine management and supplementary vaccination for children less than 15 years. It needs further study to identify contributing factors for measles outbreaks and evaluating the effectiveness of measles control and prevention strategies.
Active Restoration Initiates High Quality Forest Succession In A Deforested Landscape In Amazonia
Authors: Vieira Daniel Luis Mascia , Rodrigues Silvia , Jakovac Catarina Conte , Rocha Gustavo Paiva Evangelista da , Reis Fagno , Borges Augusto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Amazonia is well known for its high natural regeneration capacity; for this reason, passive restoration is normally recommended for the recovery of its degraded forests. However, highly deforested landscapes in southern Amazonia require active restoration. Since restoration methods can shape the quality and speed of early forest recovery, this study aimed to verify how active restoration pushes non-resilient sites towards forest recovery. Methods: We evaluated early forest succession at active restoration sites, i.e. soil plowing, direct seeding of pioneer species and seedling stock planting at low density. We analyzed forest structure, diversity and species composition in two age classes, 0.5 – 3.5 and 4.5 – 7.5 years old. As reference, we evaluated natural regeneration as performed on more resilient sites in the same region. We sampled 36 active restoration and 31 natural regeneration sites along the Madeira river, southern Amazonia. Results: Active restoration triggered succession to similar or higher levels of forest structure than sites where natural regeneration was taking place. The most dominant species did not overlap between active restoration and natural regeneration sites. The overall composition of species was different between the two restoration methods. Dominant species and size class distribution indicate that active restoration is performing successfully. Conclusions: Soil preparation combined with a high availability of seeds of pioneer trees resulted in a high stem density and basal area of facilitative pioneer trees. Planted seedlings added species diversity and increased density of large trees. Interventions to increase the odds of natural regeneration can be effective for non-resilient sites located in resilient landscapes.
Cryo-EM structures of the human sodium-potassium pump revealing the gating mechanism on the cytoplasmic side
Authors: Guo Yingying , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yan Renhong , Huang Bangdong , Ye Fangfei , Wu Liushu , Chi Ximin , Zhou Qiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) is a membrane-bound ion pump that generates electrochemical gradient of sodium ion and potassium ion across the plasma membrane via hydrolyzing ATP. During each so-called Post-Albers cycle, NKA exchanges three cytoplasmic sodium ions for two extracellular potassium ions through alternating E1 and E2 states. Hitherto, there are several steps remained unknown during the complete working cycle of NKA. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of recombinant over-expressed human NKA in three distinct states at 3.1–3.4 Å resolution, representing the E1·3Na state, in which the cytosolic gate is open, and the E1·3Na·ATP state preceding ATP hydrolysis and a basic E2·[2K] state. These structures reveal the ATP-dependent Na+-binding site remodeling for the close of the cytoplasmic gate, filling a gap in the structural elucidation of the Post-Albers cycle of NKA and providing structural basis for understanding the cytoplasmic Na+ entrance pathway.
Imaging of An Uplifted Serpentinite Complex In The Kamuikotan Zone, Northern Japan, From Magnetotelluric Soundings
Authors: Ichihara Hiroshi , Mogi Toru , Uchida Toshihiro , Satoh Hideyuki , Yamaya Yusuke , Fuji Masakazu , Yamazaki Shusaku , Okazaki Kenji , Tada Noriko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We conducted magnetotelluric measurements to investigate a large serpentinite complex in the northern Kamuikotan zone that intruded a Cretaceous–Paleocene forearc sedimentary sequence. The resistivity model we derived by three-dimensional inversion clearly shows a low-resistivity zone beneath the outcrop of the serpentinite complex. We interpret the low-resistivity zone to represent aqueous pore fluid within a serpentinite mélange derived from the subducting Pacific plate or mantle wedge. Previous geological studies in the area have shown that the serpentinite mélange had uplifted during the early Pleistocene. They indicate that the ultramafic rocks and aqueous fluids have continued to rise in the area. The uplifting serpentinite body might have formed a zone enriched in pore fluid that promoted the occurrence of a previously identified intra-plate slow slip event. These results demonstrate the important role of fluid transport during tectonic processes related to uplift in subduction zones.
Assessment of Student's Knowledge in high Institute of Medical Technology / Abuslim about Tuberculosis diseases
Authors: Amer Hamida , Ouhida Amal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: A purposive study aims to identify the student knowledge about tuberculosis disease.
Methods: The sample of 140 students was selected from the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth class from the medical departments in high Institute of Medical Technology/abusleem for the period from March 2019 to June 2019. The questionnaire was designed to achieve the aims of study, it was consisting of many parts, the first content the demographic information, the second part include knowledge of students about categories that infected with tuberculosis. The third part include the student knowledge of the signs of disease, the fourth content methods of transmission of disease, and the last part include the student information about the methods of protection of tuberculosis disease. Data were analyzed by using frequency distribution, percentage
Results: This study found insufficient TB knowledge in a sample of students, poor knowledge about TB. They must improve knowledge about TB, because these students could be exposed to the Mycobacterium strains during their training activities or when they are employed in private and public health care settings. Key words: student – TB – knowledge – bacteria.
The Genetic Variants of NOTCH3 (6746T&gt;C) and PSMA6 (-8C&gt;G) As Possible Risk Factors of Psoriasis Development
Authors: Bartosińska Joanna , Zmorzyński Szymon , Sarecka-Hujar Beata , Raczkiewicz Dorota , Wojcierowska-Litwin Magdalena , Korszeń-Pilecka Iwona , Michalak-Stoma Anna , Kowal Małgorzata , Bartosiński Jarosław , Filip Agata Anna , Krasowska Dorota , Chodorowska Grażyna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Advances in genotypic technologies enable identification of possible associations between genetic variants of certain genes and increased risk of developing plaque psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis. The aim of the study was to analyze the NOTCH3 (6746T>C) (rs1044009) and PSMA6 (8C>G) (rs1048990) polymorphisms and their role in genetic susceptibility to psoriasis. The study included 158 psoriatic patients and 100 healthy controls. The frequencies of the NOTCH3 genotypes differed between the psoriatic patients and controls (p=0.050). No differences were found in the distribution of PSMA6 genotypes and alleles between the psoriatic patients and controls. The studied psoriatic patients presented a higher frequency of the CC genotype of PSMA6 compared to the healthy controls (8.8% vs 2%, respectively). Psoriatic arthritis was more frequent among patients with the CC genotype of PSMA6 (p=0.059). Simultaneous CC homozygosity of NOTCH3 and PSMA6 was significantly more commonly observed in the studied psoriatic patients than in the controls (p=0.032). The obtained data suggest that genetic variants of NOTCH3 (6746T>C) and PSMA6 (-8C>G) genes may play significant roles in psoriatic patients. Further studies are necessary to unequivocally determine their role as genetic risk factors of psoriasis development.
An Evaluation of Pulse Oximeter Modules In Capturing Photoplethysmography Signals In Order To Fabricate A Monitor To Predict Onset of Exertional Heatstroke
Authors: Sharma Anushka , Law Christopher , Lo Choi Wan , Ovia Jesse , Hia Ming , Phongsopa Papavee , Horder Rory , Tang Ruijin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDuring strenuous exercise, individuals face a significant risk of developing heat-related illnesses, such as exertional heatstroke (EHS). Parameters that have demonstrated an important role in monitoring and prevention of EHS development include heart rate (HR), hydration status (determined by serum electrolyte concentrations), and core body temperature. In this study, the performance of two integrated HR monitor and pulse oximeter modules (AFE4403 from Texas Instruments and MAXIM30101 from Maxim Integrated) in capturing raw photoplethysmography (PPG) signals was evaluated during resting, exercise, and motion. ResultsPPG signals collected from a wrist-worn device using green light-emitting diodes (LED) provided good HR estimates. However, the device was not resistant to motion artefacts. ConclusionFurther work was conducted to fabricate sensors that could measure sodium concentrations in sweat, and core body temperature from the skin. Once each sensor prototype is finalised, sensor integration could result in a device that measures three bodily parameters to a sufficient degree of accuracy in order th predict the onset of EHS. The fabrication of the other two sensors has not been described in this report.