bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ekologi Penciptaan dalam Kejadian 1-3 sebagai Landasan Evaluasi Kritis terhadap Perilaku Ekologis Para Teolog Reformed Indonesia Masa Kini
Authors: Pasang Agustina 
Published: February 2021

Ecological (environmental) problems are the responsibility of all human beings, both personal and group, including the responsibilities of all religions or beliefs. Even so, it must be admitted that the topic of ecology and all its problems are lacking or not or even not getting attention as they should. Ecological topics tend to be distinguished, not or lacked attention by both churches and Christian theologians and reform theologians in particular with indications of a lack of Christian literature that addresses topics concerning ecology. There is no or lack of studies (seminars, lectures) on ecology both in the church environment, Christian institutions and theological colleges, besides that there is a misunderstanding which feels that ecology does not touch or come into contact with theology. This understanding appears in behavior that is not or less responsible for the environment (not friendly to the environment), for example by littering, spitting carelessly and so on. Permasalahan ekologis (lingkungan) merupakan tanggung jawab semua manusia baik bersifat pribadi maupun kelompok, termasuk di dalamnya tanggung jawab semua agama atau aliran kepercayaan. Meskipun demikian harus diakui bahwa topik ekologi dan semua permasalahannya kurang atau belum atau bahkan tidak mendapat perhatian sebagaimana seharusnya. Topik ekologi cenderung dianaktirikan, tidak atau kurang mendapat perhatian baik oleh gereja-gereja maupun para teolog Kristen dan teolog reform pada khususnya dengan indikasi kurangnya literatur-literatur Kristen yang membahas topik mengenai ekologi. Tidak ada atau kurangnya kajian-kajian (seminar, ceramah) mengenai ekologi baik di lingkungan gereja, lembaga-lembaga Kristen dan Sekolah Tinggi Teologi, selain itu adanya salah pengertian (misunderstanding) yang merasa bahwa ekologi tidak bersinggungan atau bersentuhan dengan teologi. Pemahaman ini nampak dalam perilaku yang tidak atau kurang bertanggung jawab terhadap lingkungan (tidak ramah terhadap lingkungan), misalnya dengan membuang sampah sembarangan, meludah sembarangan dan lain sebagainya.
Theories of Leadership and Church Management
Authors: Tong Joseph 
Published: February 2021

Management is the integration and coordination of resources to effectively move the organization towards the desired goals. The concepts and key elements in management are organizations. This organization is also divided into two namely: voluntary organizations and voluntary organizations. The objectives of this management are: (1) Vision and mission for existence; (2) Objectives and targets; (3) The desired destination and floating destination. Management effectiveness refers to how well an organization reaches its goals over a period of time. This emphasizes goals or mission (long distance) and goals (short term). Effectiveness contrasts with efficiency. Efficiency is a short-term measure of how well an organization uses resources. Healthy organization management must be effective and efficient. Leadership relates to people, while management pays more attention to tasks and performance. As far as the organization is concerned, these two things have the same function in promoting the well-being and development of healthy organizations to achieve organizational goals. Manajemen adalah integrasi dan koordinasi sumber daya untuk menggerakkan organisasi secara efektif menuju tujuan yang diinginkan. Adapun konsep dan elemen kunci dalam manajemen yaitu organisasi. Organisasi ini pun dibagi menjadi dua yakni: organisasi sukarela dan organisasi tidak sukarela. Tujuan dari manajemen ini adalah: (1) Visi dan misi untuk eksistensi; (2) Tujuan dan target; (3) Tujuan yang diinginkan dan tujuan mengambang. Efektivitas manajemen mengacu pada seberapa baik sebuah organisasi untuk mencapai tujuannya selama periode waktu tertentu. Hal ini menekankan pada tujuan atau misi (jarak jauh) dan tujuan (jangka pendek). Efektivitas kontras dengan efisiensi. Efisiensi adalah ukuran jangka pendek seberapa baik sebuah organisasi menggunakan sumber daya. Manajemen organisasi yang sehat harus efektif dan efisien. Kepemimpinan berkaitan dengan orang, sedangkan manajemen lebih memperhatikan tugas dan kinerjanya. Sejauh menyangkut organisasi, dua hal ini memiliki fungsi yang sama dalam mempromosikan kesejahteraan dan pengambangan organisasi yang sehat untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi.
Makna “Janganlah Kamu Melakukan Telaah Atau Ramalan” Menurut Imamat 19:26b dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Shio Pada Budaya Tionghoa
Authors: Wang Suryowati 
Published: February 2021

Chinese Christianity faces a problem when the congregation begins to doubt the future and wants everything to be fast and instant without wanting to go through a process that feels long. This fact led Christians to turn to Shio's predictions which were nothing more than occult. This study of prediction based on Shio will try to prove that no one in the world can predict what can happen, because God himself plans and regulates everything. True Christianity relies its life on God, its fate is determined by faith and not divination. The history of Shio use in Chinese culture cannot be separated from the origin of its use as a means of making it easier to mark the year and season on the Chinese Luni-Solar calendar. This history and theology is needed for Chinese Christianity to be compatible with the gospel. Kekristenan umat Tionghoa menghadapi masalah ketika jemaat mulai ragu akan masa depan dan menginginkan segala sesuatu serba cepat dan instan tanpa ingin melewati proses yang dirasa lama. Kenyataan ini membawa orang-orang Kristen berpaling pada ramalan Shio yang tidak lebih dari okultisme. Penelitian akan ramalan berdasarkan Shio ini akan berusaha membuktikan bahwa tidak ada seorangpun di dunia ini yang dapat meramal apa yang dapat terjadi, karena Allah sendiri yang merencanakan dan mengatur segala sesuatu. Kristen sejati menyandarkan hidupnya kepada Allah, nasibnya ditentukan imannya dan bukan ramalan. Sejarah penggunaan Shio pada budaya Tionghoa tidak bisa terlepas dari asal mula pengunaannya sebagai sarana mempermudah menandai tahun dan musim pada kalender Luni-Solar bangsa China. Sejarah dan teologi ini yang diperlukan bagi Kekristenan Tionghoa agar berpadanan dengan Injil.
Kepemimpinan Wanita Kristen: Suatu Sinergitas Antara Kesetaraan (Egalitarian) dengan Kemitraan (Partnership)
Authors: Lumintang Danik Astuti 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe view that emphasizes the hierarchy and leadership of men is known as complementary. Complementary emphasizes that although men and women are equal before God. Men and women are created to fulfill different roles in relationships with one another. However, due to the advancement of civilization, and due to the awareness of the facts of social-political injustice against women, modern secular feminists (social-political) have emerged. This research reveals a synergy between equality and Christian women's leadership partnerships. Keywords: Complementary; Egalitarianism, Partnership, Women AbstractPandangan yang menekankan hirarkhi dan kepemim-pinan kaum laki-laki dikenal dengan sebutan complementary. Complementary menekankan bahwa walaupun laki-laki dan perempuan setara di hadapan Allah. Laki-laki dan perempuan diciptakan untuk memenuhi peran yang berbeda dalam hubungan satu dengan yang lain. Namun, karena kemajuan peradaban, dan karena kesadaran fakta ketidakadilan sosial-politik terhadap kaum wanita, bangkitlah modern secular feminist (social-politic). Penelitian ini mengungkap suatu sinegitas antara kesetaraan dengan kemitraan kepemimpinan wanita Kristen. Kata Kunci: Komplementer; Egalitarianisme; Kemitraan; Perempuan
Steigiamojo Seimo išrinkimas: lygių politinių teisių įsiteisėjimas valstybėje
Authors: Jurėnienė Virginija 
Published: February 2021

Paskelbus Steigiamojo Seimo rinkimų įstatymą partijos kėlė kandidatus ir sudarinėjo rinkimų sąrašus. Apie 30 partijų ir organizacijų dalyvavo Steigiamojo Seimo rinkimuose. Daugelis jų kandidatų sąrašuose į Steigiamąjį Seimą moteris įtraukė į antrąjį ar trečiąjį dešimtuką. G. Petkevičaitė buvo vienintelė moteris, partijos kandidatų sąraše buvusi pirmoji.
Moterys kandidatės į Steigiamąjį Seimą buvo išsilavinusios, daugiausia netekėjusios, einančios pareigas ir matomos visuomenėje. Dauguma kandidačių buvo aktyvios moterų judėjimo lyderės, žinomos visuomenininkės. Dar vienas bendras bruožas jaunas amžius – daugelis buvo iki 30 metų.
Steigiamojo Seimo rinkimai vyko 1920 m. balandžio 14–15 dienomis. Iš 150 parlamentarų 8 (5,3 proc.) buvo moterys. Pagal Lietuvos krikščionių demokratų bloko sąrašą buvo išrinktos M. Draugelytė-Galdikienė, E. Spudaitė-Gvildienė, M. Lukošiūtė (Lukošytė), V. Mackevičaitė, O. Muraškaitė-Rašiukaitienė, S. Stakauskaitė, pagal Lietuvos socialistų liaudininkų demokratų ir Lietuvos valstiečių sąjungos sąrašą – G. Petkevičaitė-Bitė ir F. Bortkevičienė. Socialdemokratai neturėjo nė vienos moters parlamentarės.
1920 m. gegužės 15 d. Kaune, miesto teatre, darbą pradėjo Steigiamasis Seimas. Iki nuolatinio prezidiumo sudarymo jam vadovavo G. Petkevičaitė-Bitė, sekretoriavo O. Muraškaitė-Račiukaitienė. Tai buvo ne tik moterų judėjimo laimėjimas, bet ir viso moterų indėlio į visuomenės ir valstybės gyvenimą įvertinimas. G. Petkevičaitė sveikinimo kalbos pradžioje akcentavo politinių teisių moterims suteikimą kaip atlygį už ilgą ir sąmoningą veiklą atkuriant valstybę. Taip ji siekė išsklaidyti dalies visuomenės nuostatą, jog Lietuvos moterys rinkimų teises gavo labai lengvai.
Parlamentarės dalyvavo Švietimo bei Knygyno, Sveikatos, Darbo ir Socialinės apsaugos bei Bibliotekos komisijų darbe.
Exclamativas e interrogativas com ‘ques’ em português brasileiro dialetal
Authors: Pereira Bruna Karla 
Published: February 2021

Neste artigo, examinam-se exclamativas e interrogativas que contêm o determinante ‘ques’, em dialetos do português do Brasil. Diferentemente do português padrão, nestas estruturas, ‘que’ é o único constituinte do DP marcado com o morfema ‘-s’ de plural. Para explicar esses fatos, propõe-se uma análise não apenas da hierarquia do CP/DP na qual ‘ques’ se insere, mas também da distribuição do morfema de plural no DP. Para a derivação sintática, assume-se, seguindo propostas vigentes, que ‘ques’ é um determinante, e, portanto, um núcleo D. No que se refere a sentenças interrogativas, o DP ao qual ‘que’ pertence passa por movimento wh da posição de argumento interno do VP para o domínio do CP. No que se refere a sentenças exclamativas, assume-se que o DP se move da posição de predicado de uma small clause para o domínio do CP. Em ambos os casos, o movimento se dá por força ilocucionária. Para a distribuição do morfema de plural, assume-se que o cardinal divide o DP em dois domínios, sendo que sintagmas à sua esquerda são marcados com o morfema de plural, enquanto sintagmas à sua direita são não marcados. Como resultado, porque ‘ques’ é o único item mais alto que o cardinal nessas estruturas, ele é o único marcado com o morfema de plural. Portanto, desenvolve-se uma análise capaz de explicar: primeiramente, a estrutura oracional (CP) à qual o DP contendo ‘ques’ pertence; posteriormente, a hierarquia do DP; e finalmente a distribuição do morfema de plural na estrutura interna do DP.
Palavras-chave: ‘Ques’. CP. Movimento wh. DP. NumP.
Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, a biomarker of intestinal barrier dysfunction, increases with the progression of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Ding Licheng , Yang Jiayue , Liu Lijun , Dong Liang 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) in two groups of patients with different duration of hyperglycemia in a cross-sectional study.Materials and MethodsIn the present study, a total of 280 individuals (158 outpatients and 122 inpatients) suffering from hyperglycemia were recruited between May and September 2019. The clinical information of all participants was collected from the hospital information system, including the duration of hyperglycemia, age, gender, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 75-g oral glucose tolerance test including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG), fasting C-peptide (FC-pep), 2-hour C-peptide (2hC-pep), fasting insulin (FIns), and 2-hour insulin (2hIns). In addition, the morbidity of diabetic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) in the inpatient group was determined. Furthermore, the difference between 2hPG and FPG (ΔPG), the difference between 2hC-pep and FC-pep (ΔC-pep), and the difference between 2hIns and FIns (ΔIns) were calculated. The level of serum I-FABP, a biomarker of intestinal barrier (IB) dysfunction, was estimated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsFor the outpatient group, the median duration of hyperglycemia was less than a year; the serum I-FABP level was positively correlated with age (R = 0.299,P < 0.001). For the inpatient group, the median duration of hyperglycemia was ten years; correlation analysis showed that the serum I-FABP level was positively associated with age and ΔPG (R = 0.286, P = 0.001; R = 0.250, P = 0.006, respectively) while negatively associated with FC-pep and 2hC-pep (R = − 0.304, P = 0.001; R = − 0.241, P = 0.008, respectively); multiple linear regression analysis showed that the serum I-FABP level was positively associated with the duration of hyperglycemia (β = 0.362,P < 0.001); moreover, patients with retinopathy had a significantly higher I-FABP level than those without retinopathy (P = 0.001).ConclusionsIn the outpatients whose duration of hyperglycemia was less than a year, the serum I-FABP level was positively associated with age. In the inpatients with different courses of diabetes, the serum I-FABP level was positively associated with the duration of hyperglycemia and glycemic variability but negatively associated with islet beta-cell function; moreover, the serum I-FABP level was higher in patients with retinopathy than in those without retinopathy, suggesting that the IB dysfunction got worse with the progression of diabetes.
Comparison of physical fitness and mental health status among school-age children with different sport-specific training frequencies
Authors: Jiang Ruichen , Xie Chun , Shi Jilong , Mao Xuechen , Huang Qin , Meng Fanying , Ji Zhiguang , Li Anmin , Zhang Chunhua 
Published: February 2021

This cross-sectional study compared the physical fitness and mental health status of 140 school-age children who participated in sport-specific training with 180 age-matched peers. All the participants were grouped by sport-specific training frequencies in extracurricular time into the following: (i) high sports training frequency group (HFG): training three to five times per week (n = 77, mean [SD] age: 9.60 [0.12] years); (ii) low sports training frequency group (LFG): training once per week (n = 63, mean [SD] age: 9.88 [0.14] years); and (iii) control group (CG): maintaining routine life (n = 180, mean (SD) age: 9.77(0.09) years). Physical fitness status, including body composition (body mass index), endurance (vital capacity; 50 × 8 round trip), speed and agility (50 m sprint), flexibility (sit-and-reach), coordination (1-min rope skipping), and core strength (1-min sit-ups) as well as mental health status was measured. Overall, the results showed that Grade 3 to 4 HFG students showed better total physical fitness scores than the LFG and CG students. Grade 2 and 5 participants in the three groups showed no significant difference in the total physical fitness score. Children in HFG performed better in several PF indicators (i.e., cardiopulmonary function, flexibility, core strength, and coordination) than those in LFG and CG, and children in LFG got a higher score than those in CG on a testing item of 1-min rope skipping. The mental health test results showed that HFG performed better than LFG and CG. The results indicated that participating in sport-specific training 3–5 times per week was beneficial for children’s physical and mental health. Additionally, there was a weak and negative correlation between physical fitness and mental health in LFG and CG, while no correlation was found between physical fitness and mental health in HFG.
Sistem Pengaman Sepeda Motor Anti Begal
Authors: Dewanto Joni , Tanuwijaya Felix 
Published: February 2021

Saat ini marak terjadi pembegalan sepeda motor yang dilakukan tidak hanya dengan mengancam, tetapi juga melukai bahkan membuat korban begal tidak berdaya. Oleh karena itu perlu pengaman tambahan pada sepeda motor yang dapat menggagalkan aksi begal tersebut. Paper ini memaparkan sistem pengaman anti begal dengan memanfaatkan sinyal bluetooth. Sinyal tersebut digunakan sebagai media penghubung untuk mengaktifkan sistem pengaman yang dipasang pada sepeda motor dengan handphone korban. Sistem pengaman yang dirancang berupa alarm dan sistem mematikan mesin sepeda motor. Pada saat terjadi begal sistem bekerja secara otomatis, yaitu ketika jarak antara korban dan sepeda motor lebih besar dari 10 m. Dengan demikian sepeda motor tidak dapat dibawa begal. Bunyi alarm diharapkan akan menarik perhatian masyarakat untuk datang membantu korban. Sedang pada saat ditinggal di tempat parkir, sistem ini sekaligus juga dimanfaatkan sebagai sistem pengaman tambahan yang bekerja secara elektronik. Sistem pengaman ini dirancang menggunakan perangkat pengatur Arduino pro mikro dengan bahasa pemrograman C ++ yang telah disederhanakan. Rancangan sistem pengaman ini sudah diimlementasikan di sepeda motor Honda Blade Repsol tahun 2012, dan dilakukan uji fungsi serta keandalan sistem. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat bekerja dengan baik dan memiliki keandalan yang tinggi.
Perancangan dan Pengujian Lensa Fresnel pada Kolektor Surya Plat Datar
Authors: Anggraini Handoyo Ekadewi , Bisono Indriati Njoto , Jonathan Peter 
Published: February 2021

Energi matahari dapat dikonversikan menjadi energi termal dengan menggunakan kolektor surya maupun menjadi energi listrik dengan menggunakan sel surya/photovoltaic. Radiasi matahari bersifat menyebar, sehingga memerlukan pengumpul atau pengarah agar lebih fokus.Ada banyak penelitian yang menggunakan lensa Fresnel untuk mengumpulkan radiasi matahari pada sel surya. Sedang penelitian lensa Fresnel pada kolektor surya masih terbatas sebagai concentrator. Makalah ini membahas perancangan dan pemakaian lensa Fresnel sebagai penutup pada suatu kolektor surya plat datar. Lensa Fresnel komersial hanya memiliki 1 titik fokus, maka langkah pertama penelitian adalah merancang lensa Fresnel dengan enam titik fokus. Jarak focus dirancang agar radiasi matahari jatuh ke plat penyerap pada jarak 90 mm dari lensa Fresnel. Bahan yang digunakan adalah PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic) dan pembuatan profil lensa menggunakan proses tekan. Lensa Fresnel yang dihasilkan berhasil memiliki titik fokus 90 mm. Lensa Fresnel yang dihasilkan dipasang sebagai penutup pada kolektor surya plat datar. Hasil yang didapat adalah temperatur plat penyerap dengan lensa Fresnel lebih tinggi daripada dengan acrylic polos yang sebenarnya lebih bening. Temperatur maksimum di kiri atas plat penyerap dengan lensa Fresnel dapat mencapai 1.42 kali lebih tinggidaripada temperatur yang dihasilkan oleh acrylic polos. Temperatur cairan di inlet dan dalam tangki pada kolektor surya yang menggunakan lensa Fresnel lebih tinggi daripada temperatur cairan di kedua lokasi yang sama yang menggunakan acrylic polos.
The effect of dynamic compression on the response of articular cartilage to insulin‐like growth factor‐I
Authors: Bonassar Lawrence J. , Grodzinsky Alan J. , Frank Eliot H. , Davila Salomon G. , Bhaktav Nirav R. , Trippel Stephen B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractArticular cartilage is routinely subjected to mechanical forces and to cell‐regulatory molecules. Previous studies have shown that mechanical stimuli can influence articular chondrocyte metabolic activity, and biochemical studies have shown that growth factors and cytokines control many of the same cell functions. Little is known, however, of the relationships or interplay, if any, between these two key components of the articular environment. This study investigated the comparative and interactive effects of low amplitude, sinusoidal, dynamic compression and insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), a polypeptide in synovial fluid that is anabolic for cartilage. In bovine patellofemoral cartilage explants, IGF‐I increased protein and proteoglycan synthesis 90% and 120%, respectively while dynamic compression increased protein and proteoglycan synthesis 40% and 90%, respectively. Stimulation by IGF‐I was significantly greater than by dynamic compression for both protein and proteoglycan synthesis. When applied together, the two stimuli enhanced protein and proteoglycan synthesis by 180% and 290%, respectively, a degree greater than that achieved by either stimulus alone. IGF‐I augmented protein synthesis with a time constant of 12.2 h. Dynamic compression increased protein synthesis with a time constant of 2.9 h, a rate significantly faster than that of IGF‐I, suggesting that these signals act via distinct cell activation pathways. When used together, dynamic compression and IGF‐I acted with a time constant of 5.6 h. Thus, dynamic compression accelerated the biosynthetic response to IGF‐I and increased transport of IGF‐I into the articular cartilage matrix, suggesting that, in addition to independently stimulating articular chondrocytes, cyclic compression may improve the access of soluble growth factors to these relatively isolated cells. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Molecular aspects of healing in stabilized and non‐stabilized fractures
Authors: Le A. X. , Miclau T. , Hu D. , Helms J. A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBone formation is a continuous process that is initiated during fetal development and persists in adults in the form of bone regeneration and remodeling. These latter two aspects of bone formation are clearly influenced by the mechanical environment. In this study we tested the hypothesis that alterations in the mechanical environment regulate the program of mesenchymal cell differentiation, and thus the formation of a cartilage or bony callus, at the site of injury. As a first step in testing this hypothesis we produced stabilized and non‐stabilized tibial fractures in a mouse model, then used molecular and cellular methods to examine the stage of healing. Using the “molecular map” of the fracture callus, we divided our analyzes into three phases of fracture healing: the inflammatory or initial phase of healing, the soft callus or intermediate stage, and the hard callus stage. Our results show that indian hedgehog(ihh), which regulates aspects of chondrocyte maturation during fetal and early postnatal skeletogenesis, was expressed earlier in an non‐stabilized fracture callus as compared to a stabilized callus, ihh persisted in the non‐stabilized fracture whereas its expression was down‐regulated in the stabilized bone. IHH exerts its effects on chondrocyte maturation through a feedback loop that may involve bone morphogenetic protein 6 [bmp6; (S. Pathi, J.B. Rutenberg, R.L. Johnson, A. Vortkamp, Developmental Biology 209 (1999) 239–253)] and the transcription factor gli3, bmp6 and gli3 were re‐induced in domain adjacent to the ihh‐positive cells during the soft and hard callus stages of healing. Thus, stabilizing the fracture, which circumvents or decreases the cartilaginous phase of bone repair, correlates with a decrease in ihh signaling in the fracture callus. Collectively, our results illustrate that the ihh signaling pathway participates in fracture repair, and that the mechanical environment affects the temporal induction of ihh, bmp6 and gli3. These data support the hypothesis that mechanical influences affect mesenchymal cell differentiation to bone. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.