bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In your eyes: vision of the body alters touch perception in women with eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Sacchetti Sofia , Cazzato Valentina , McGlone Francis , Mirams Laura 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigated the effects of non-informative vision of the body on exteroceptive multisensory integration and touch perception in participants presenting with different levels of eating disorder (ED) symptoms. The study employed a sample of women reporting low (low ED; n = 31) vs high (high ED; n = 34) levels of subclinical ED symptoms who undertook the Somatic Signal Detection task (SSDT). During the SSDT, participants are required to detect near-threshold tactile stimulation at their fingertip with and without a simultaneous light flash next to the stimulated fingertip. Previous research has found that participants have a tendency to erroneously report touch sensations in the absence of the stimulation, and especially when the light flash is presented. In this study, participants completed the SSDT under two conditions: while their hand was visible (non-informative vision), and while their hand was hidden from sight (no vision). Non-informative vision of the hand was found to have a different effect on SSDT performances according to participants’ levels of ED symptoms. High ED participants were better able to correctly detect the touch during the SSDT when their hand was visible. Conversely, for low ED participants, vision of the body was linked to a greater effect of the light in inducing false reports of touch. We suggest that in those with high ED symptoms, vision of the body may exacerbate a predisposition to focusing on external rather than internal bodily information.
The role of working memory for task-order coordination in dual-task situations
Authors: Kübler Sebastian , Strobach Tilo , Schubert Torsten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDual-task (DT) situations require task-order coordination processes that schedule the processing of two temporally overlapping tasks. Theories on task-order coordination suggest that these processes rely on order representations that are actively maintained and processed in working memory (WM). Preliminary evidence for this assumption stems from DT situations with variable task order, where repeating task order relative to the preceding trials results in improved performance compared to changing task order, indicating the processing of task-order information in WM between two succeeding trials. We directly tested this assumption by varying WM load during a DT with variable task order. In Experiment 1, WM load was manipulated by varying the number of stimulus–response mappings of the component tasks. In Experiment 2A, WM load was increased by embedding an additional WM updating task in the applied DT. In both experiments, the performance benefit for trials with repeated relative to trials with changed task order was reduced under high compared to low WM load. These results confirm our assumption that the processing of the task-order information relies on WM resources. In Experiment 2B, we tested whether the results of Experiment 2A can be attributed to introducing an additional task per se rather than to increased WM load by introducing an additional task with a low WM load. Importantly, in this experiment, the processing of order information was not affected. In sum, the results of the three experiments indicate that task-order coordination relies on order information which is maintained in an accessible state in WM during DT processing.
Effects of losartan and enalapril on serum uric acid and GFR in children with proteinuria
Authors: Bryant Charlotte E. , Rajai Azita , Webb Nicholas J. A. , Hogg Ronald J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies have shown that losartan reduces serum uric acid in adults, unlike angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. A previous study demonstrated that losartan and enalapril had comparable effects on proteinuria in children.

Methods
We conducted a post hoc analysis of results from a prospective trial in which the proteinuria-reducing effects of losartan and enalapril were compared. We have now evaluated (a) the effects of these medications on SUA in 248 children with proteinuria and (b) the correlation between changes in SUA and eGFR.

Results
SUA levels after 36 months were found to be increased when compared to baseline in both losartan and enalapril groups. The mean change in SUA from baseline was significantly different at 12 months between 23 hypertensive patients randomised to losartan (3.69% decrease [95% CI 11.31%, 3.93%]) and 24 randomised to enalapril (12.57% increase [95% CI 3.72%, 21.41%]), p = 0.007. This significant difference remained after 24, 30 and 36 months but was observed in the entire group of 248 patients only at 12 months. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between changes in SUA and changes in eGFR at each time point over 36 months.

Conclusions
Losartan may have long-term beneficial effects on SUA and eGFR in children with proteinuria.
State space functional principal component analysis to identify spatiotemporal patterns in remote sensing lake water quality
Authors: Gong Mengyi , Miller Claire , Scott Marian , O’Donnell Ruth , Simis Stefan , Groom Steve , Tyler Andrew , Hunter Peter , Spyrakos Evangelos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSatellite remote sensing can provide indicative measures of environmental variables that are crucial to understanding the environment. The spatial and temporal coverage of satellite images allows scientists to investigate the changes in environmental variables in an unprecedented scale. However, identifying spatiotemporal patterns from such images is challenging due to the complexity of the data, which can be large in volume yet sparse within individual images. This paper proposes a new approach, state space functional principal components analysis (SS-FPCA), to identify the spatiotemporal patterns in processed satellite retrievals and simultaneously reduce the dimensionality of the data, through the use of functional principal components. Furthermore our approach can be used to produce interpolations over the sparse areas. An algorithm based on the alternating expectation–conditional maximisation framework is proposed to estimate the model. The uncertainty of the estimated parameters is investigated through a parametric bootstrap procedure. Lake chlorophyll-adata hold key information on water quality status. Such information is usually only available from limited in situ sampling locations or not at all for remote inaccessible lakes. In this paper, the SS-FPCA is used to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns in chlorophyll-adata of Taruo Lake on the Tibetan Plateau, observed by the European Space Agency MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer.
On the constancy theorem for anisotropic energies through differential inclusions
Authors: Hirsch Jonas , Tione Riccardo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study stationary graphs for functionals of geometric nature defined on currents or varifolds. The point of view we adopt is the one of differential inclusions, introduced in this context in the recent papers (De Lellis et al. in Geometric measure theory and differential inclusions, 2019.arXiv:1910.00335; Tione in Minimal graphs and differential inclusions. Commun Part Differ Equ 7:1–33, 2021). In particular, given a polyconvex integrandf, we define a set of matrices$$C_f$$Cfthat allows us to rewrite the stationarity condition for a graph with multiplicity as a differential inclusion. Then we prove that iffis assumed to be non-negative, then in$$C_f$$Cfthere is no$$T'_N$$TN′configuration, thus recovering the main result of De Lellis et al. (Geometric measure theory and differential inclusions, 2019.arXiv:1910.00335) as a corollary. Finally, we show that if the hypothesis of non-negativity is dropped, one can not only find$$T'_N$$TN′configurations in$$C_f$$Cf, but it is also possible to construct via convex integration a very degenerate stationary point with multiplicity.
Carbon for nutrient exchange between Lycopodiella inundata and Mucoromycotina fine root endophytes is unresponsive to high atmospheric CO2
Authors: Hoysted Grace A. , Kowal Jill , Pressel Silvia , Duckett Jeffrey G. , Bidartondo Martin I. , Field Katie J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNon-vascular plants associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) and Mucoromycotina ‘fine root endophyte’ (MFRE) fungi derive greater benefits from their fungal associates under higher atmospheric [CO2] (a[CO2]) than ambient; however, nothing is known about how changes in a[CO2] affect MFRE function in vascular plants. We measured movement of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) between the lycophyte Lycopodiella inundata and Mucoromycotina fine root endophyte fungi using 33P-orthophosphate, 15 N-ammonium chloride and 14CO2 isotope tracers under ambient and elevated a[CO2] concentrations of 440 and 800 ppm, respectively. Transfers of 33P and 15 N from MFRE to plants were unaffected by changes in a[CO2]. There was a slight increase in C transfer from plants to MFRE under elevated a[CO2]. Our results demonstrate that the exchange of C-for-nutrients between a vascular plant and Mucoromycotina FRE is largely unaffected by changes in a[CO2]. Unravelling the role of MFRE in host plant nutrition and potential C-for-N trade changes between symbionts under different abiotic conditions is imperative to further our understanding of the past, present and future roles of plant-fungal symbioses in ecosystems.
Migraine associated with early onset postpartum depression in women with major depressive disorder
Authors: Gordon-Smith Katherine , Ridley Paul , Perry Amy , Craddock Nicholas , Jones Ian , Jones Lisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and migraine are both more common among women than men. Women’s reproductive years are associated with increased susceptibility to recurrence of both conditions, suggesting a potential role of sex hormones in aetiology. We examined associations between comorbid migraine and clinical features of MDD in women, including relationships with lifetime reproductive events such as childbirth. Lifetime clinical characteristics and reproductive events in a well-characterised sample of 222 UK women with recurrent MDD, with (n = 98) and without (n = 124) migraine were compared. Women had all been recruited as part of a UK-based ongoing programme of research into the genetic and non-genetic determinants of mood disorders. Multivariate analysis showed a specific association between the lifetime presence of migraine and postpartum depression (PPD) within 6 weeks of delivery (OR = 2.555; 95% CI: 1.037–6.295, p = 0.041). This association did not extend to a broader definition of PPD with onset up to 6 months postpartum. All other factors included in the analysis were not significantly associated with the presence of migraine: family history of depression, younger age at depression onset, history of suicide attempt and severe premenstrual syndrome symptoms. The finding that women with MDD and comorbid migraine may be particularly sensitive to hormonal changes early in the postpartum period leads to aetiological hypotheses and suggests this group may be useful for future studies attempting to characterise PPD and MDD phenotypes. The refinement of such phenotypes has implications for individualising risk and treatment and for future biological and genetic studies.
Effects of land-cover and watershed protection futures on sustainable groundwater management in a heavily utilized aquifer in Hawai‘i (USA)
Authors: Bremer Leah L. , Elshall Ahmed S. , Wada Christopher A. , Brewington Laura , Delevaux Jade M.S. , El-Kadi Aly I. , Voss Clifford I. , Burnett Kimberly M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGroundwater sustainability initiatives, including sustainable yield and watershed policy protection policies, are growing globally in response to increasing demand for groundwater, coupled with concerns about the effects of climate and land-cover change on groundwater supply. Improved understanding of the impacts of watershed management on groundwater yields and management costs—particularly in the broader context of climate and land-cover change—is critical to inform these initiatives and facilitate integrated land and water management. This study develops a novel, spatially explicit groundwater hydrologic ecosystem services framework, which combines stakeholder-defined land-cover scenarios, sustainable yield estimation using a groundwater simulation optimization approach, and economic valuation, and applies it in the most heavily utilized aquifer Hawai‘i (USA). Sustainable yield estimates and resulting differences in replacement costs are estimated for six land-cover scenarios (with varying levels of urban development and watershed management) crossed with two water demand scenarios in a context of a dry future climate (Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP] 8.5 mid-century). Land-cover change is found to be an important, though less significant drive of changes in groundwater recharge than climate change. The degree of watershed protection, through preventing the spread of high-water-use, invasive plant species, is projected to be a much stronger land-cover signal than urban development. Specifically, full forest protection increases sustainable yield by 7–11% (30–45 million liters per day) and substantially decreases treatment costs compared with no forest protection. Collectively, this study demonstrates the hydrologic and economic value of watershed protection in a context of a dry future climate, providing insights for integrated land and water policy and management in Hawai‘i and other regions, particularly where species invasions threaten source watersheds.
k-Point semidefinite programming bounds for equiangular lines
Authors: de Laat David , Machado Fabrício Caluza , Filho Fernando Mário de Oliveira , Vallentin Frank 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose a hierarchy of k-point bounds extending the Delsarte–Goethals–Seidel linear programming 2-point bound and the Bachoc–Vallentin semidefinite programming 3-point bound for spherical codes. An optimized implementation of this hierarchy allows us to compute 4, 5, and 6-point bounds for the maximum number of equiangular lines in Euclidean space with a fixed common angle.
Open-source approaches for location cover models: capabilities and efficiency
Authors: Chen Huanfa , Murray Alan T. , Jiang Rui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLocation cover models are aimed at siting facilities so as to provide service to demand efficiently. These models are crucial in the management, planning and decision-making of service systems in public and private sectors. As a result, location cover models have been incorporated in a range of GIS tools, either closed or open source. Among them, open-source tools are advantageous due to transparency and reproducibility. Nonetheless, the capabilities and limitations of location cover tools remain largely unknown, necessitating further investigation and assessment. To this end, this paper provides an overview of the open-source tools that are capable of structuring and solving location cover models. Case studies are provided to demonstrate access of location models through different open-source tools as well as exploring solution quality, scalability, computing performance and reproducibility. Directions for improving location cover models accessible through open-source tools are summarized based on this review.
Classification and evaluation of anastomotic leaks after esophageal surgery—a tertiary university experience
Authors: El-Sourani Nader , Kechagia Chousein , Alfarawan Fadl , Troja Achim , Bockhorn Maximilian 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Background
Anastomotic insufficiency of the esophagus is the most feared complication of surgeons, leading to high postoperative morbidity and mortality. However, there is no internationally accepted guideline for its classification and treatment algorithm. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the detection of anastomotic leaks as well as to discuss and validate the classification proposed by the Surgical Working Group on Endoscopy and Ultrasound in late 2018.

Methods
All patients undergoing surgery for malignancy of the esophagogastric junction between 2013 and 2020 were analyzed. Out of these patients, those diagnosed with an anastomotic insufficiency were extracted and classified according to the classification proposed by the Surgical Working Group on Endoscopy and Ultrasound. Continuous variables were expressed as medians, categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s exact test or chi-square test.

Results
From 2013 to 2020, all 23 patients (10.84%) who developed an anastomotic leak after esophageal surgery were included in this study. The study revealed a significant increase in median hospital stay, median intensive care unit stay, and overall mortality rate (p = 0.028) with increased classification type.

Conclusion
The results of this study showed that the classification proposed by the Surgical Working Group on Endoscopy and Ultrasound can be validated and that there is a clear differentiation between the subtypes. Standardized diagnosis and management improve the overall outcome of patients.

Main novel aspects
This article gives an introduction to classifying anastomotic insufficiencies according to the classification proposed by the Surgical Working Group on Endoscopy and Ultrasound.
Results of the classification can be validated, with a clear differentiation of postoperative outcome between subtypes.
Wind-Tunnel Simulation of Approximately Horizontally Homogeneous Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layers
Authors: Hancock Philip E. , Hayden Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo cases of an overlying inversion imposed on a stable boundary layer are investigated, extending the work of Hancock and Hayden (Boundary-Layer Meteorol 168:29–57, 2018; 175:93–112, 2020). Vertical profiles of Reynolds stresses and heat flux show closely horizontally homogeneous behaviour over a streamwise fetch of more than eight boundary-layer heights. However, profiles of mean temperature and velocity show closely horizontally homogeneous behaviour only in the top two-thirds of the boundary layer. In the lower one-third the temperature decreases with fetch, directly as a consequence of heat transfer to the surface. A weaker effect is seen in the mean velocity profiles, curiously, such that the gradient Richardson number is invariant with fetch, while various other quantities are not. Stability leads to a ‘blocking’ of vertical influence. Inferred aerodynamic and thermal roughness lengths increase with fetch, while the former is constant in the neutral case, as expected. Favourable validation comparisons are made against two sets of local-scaling systems over the full depth of the boundary layer. Close concurrence is seen for all stable cases for z/L < 0.2, where z and L are the vertical height and local Obukhov length, respectively, and over most of the layer for some quantities.
Potential impact of diphacinone application strategies on secondary exposure risk in a common rodent pest: implications for management of California ground squirrels
Authors: Baldwin Roger A. , Becchetti Theresa A. , Meinerz Ryan , Quinn Niamh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnticoagulant rodenticides are a common tool used to manage rodents in agricultural systems, but they have received increased scrutiny given concerns about secondary exposure in non-target wildlife. Rodenticide application strategy is one factor that influences exposure risk. To understand the impact of application strategy, we tested residues of a first-generation anticoagulant (diphacinone) in liver tissue of radiotransmittered California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi) following spot treatments, broadcast applications, and bait station applications in rangelands in central California during summer and autumn 2018–2019. We also documented the amount of bait applied, the mean time from bait application until death, and the proportion of ground squirrels that died belowground. We documented the greatest amount of bait applied via bait stations and the least by broadcast applications. We did not document a difference in diphacinone residues across any application strategy, although survivors had an order of magnitude lower concentration of diphacinone than mortalities, potentially lowering secondary exposure risk. We did not observe any difference among bait delivery methods in time from bait application to death, nor did we identify any impact of seasonality on any of the factors we tested. The vast majority of mortalities occurred belowground (82–91%), likely reducing secondary exposure. Secondary exposure could be further reduced by daily carcass searches. Results from this study better define risk associated with first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide applications, ultimately assisting in development of management programs that minimize non-target exposure.
Towards markerless surgical tool and hand pose estimation
Authors: Hein Jonas , Seibold Matthias , Bogo Federica , Farshad Mazda , Pollefeys Marc , Fürnstahl Philipp , Navab Nassir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose:
Tracking of tools and surgical activity is becoming more and more important in the context of computer assisted surgery. In this work, we present a data generation framework, dataset and baseline methods to facilitate further research in the direction of markerless hand and instrument pose estimation in realistic surgical scenarios.

Methods:
We developed a rendering pipeline to create inexpensive and realistic synthetic data for model pretraining. Subsequently, we propose a pipeline to capture and label real data with hand and object pose ground truth in an experimental setup to gather high-quality real data. We furthermore present three state-of-the-art RGB-based pose estimation baselines.

Results:
We evaluate three baseline models on the proposed datasets. The best performing baseline achieves an average tool 3D vertex error of 16.7 mm on synthetic data as well as 13.8 mm on real data which is comparable to the state-of-the art in RGB-based hand/object pose estimation.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, we propose the first synthetic and real data generation pipelines to generate hand and object pose labels for open surgery. We present three baseline models for RGB based object and object/hand pose estimation based on RGB frames. Our realistic synthetic data generation pipeline may contribute to overcome the data bottleneck in the surgical domain and can easily be transferred to other medical applications.