bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatal outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection (B1.1.7) in a 4-year-old child
Authors: Menger Johanna , Apostolidou Sofia , Edler Carolin , Kniep Inga , Kobbe Robin , Singer Dominique , Sperhake Jan-Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis case report highlights details of a case of critical acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with B1.1.7 variant in a 4-year-old girl who died due to pneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhage. The girl was referred to our University ECMO Center from another University hospital for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). In the clinical course, superinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected. Virological evidence of herpes simplex sepsis was also obtained in blood samples on her day of death. Transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung tissue. Postmortem computed tomography showed pulmonary hemorrhage with inhomogeneous density values in both lungs. Lung tissue showed no ventilated areas. Autopsy revealed a massively congested lung with evidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia with multiple abscesses. Histopathology showed a mixture of diffuse alveolar injury with hyaline membranes, massive hemorrhage, and bronchopneumonia with multiple granulocytic abscesses. Cardiac examination revealed pericarditis. Suspicion of myocarditis or myocardial infarction could not be confirmed microscopically. To our knowledge, this is the first autopsy-based case report of the death of a previously healthy child due to the new variant B 1.1.7 in Germany.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related acute lobar intra-cerebral hemorrhage: diagnostic value of plain CT
Authors: Baron Jean-Claude , Boulouis Grégoire , Benzakoun Joseph , Schwall Corentin , Oppenheim Catherine , Turc Guillaume , Varlet Pascale 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Diagnosing probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) after lobar intra-cerebral hemorrhage (l-ICH) currently relies on the MR-based modified Boston criteria (mBC). However, MRI has limited availability and the mBC have moderate sensitivity, with isolated l-ICH being classified as “possible CAA”. A recent autopsy-based study reported potential value of finger-like projections (FLP) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on acute CT. Here we assessed these markers’ performance in a cohort most of whom survived the index episode.

Methods
We included all patients from a prospective pathology database with non-traumatic l-ICH, admission CT and available tissue sample showing no alternative cause. CT was assessed by two blinded independent neuroradiologists. Interobserver reproducibility was almost perfect for SAH and substantial for FLP.

Results
Sixteen patients were eligible [age 65.8 ± 7.2 yrs; hematoma volume: 39(26, 71)mls; hematoma evacuation sample 15 patients; autopsy one patient]. MRI was available in 11 patients. ICH-related death affected six patients. Aβ40–42 immunohistochemistry revealed CAA in seven patients (44%). SAH and FLP were present in 12/16 (75%) and 10/16 (62%) patients, respectively. SAH had 100% sensitivity for CAA but low specificity; FLP had lower performance. Using either pathology or MRI as reference standard yielded essentially similar results. All patients with possible CAA on MRI but CAA on pathology had SAH.

Conclusions
In patients with moderate-size l-ICH who mostly survived the index event, SAH had perfect sensitivity and better performance than FLP. In addition, SAH appeared to add onto MRI in possible CAA, the clinically most relevant scenario. Studies in larger samples are however warranted.
Zika virus replication in glioblastoma cells: electron microscopic tomography shows 3D arrangement of endoplasmic reticulum, replication organelles, and viral ribonucleoproteins
Authors: Wieland Johannes , Frey Stefan , Rupp Ulrich , Essbauer Sandra , Groß Rüdiger , Münch Jan , Walther Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStructural changes of two patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines after Zika virus infection were investigated using scanning transmission electron tomography on high-pressure-frozen, freeze-substituted samples. In Zika-virus-infected cells, Golgi structures were barely visible under an electron microscope, and viral factories appeared. The cytosol outside of the viral factories resembled the cytosol of uninfected cells. The viral factories contained largely deranged endoplasmic reticulum (ER), filled with many so-called replication organelles consisting of a luminal vesicle surrounded by the ER membrane. Viral capsids were observed in the vicinity of the replication organelles (cell line #12537 GB) or in ER cisternae at large distance from the replication organelles (cell line #15747 GB). Near the replication organelles, we observed many about 100-nm-long filaments that may represent viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs), which consist of the RNA genome and N protein oligomers. In addition, we compared Zika-virus-infected cells with cells infected with a phlebovirus (sandfly fever Turkey virus). Zika virions are formed in the ER, whereas phlebovirus virions are assembled in the Golgi apparatus. Our findings will help to understand the replication cycle in the virus factories and the building of the replication organelles in glioblastoma cells.
Bone mineral density in high-level endurance runners: part A—site-specific characteristics
Authors: Herbert A. J. , Williams A. G. , Lockey S. J. , Erskine R. M. , Sale C. , Hennis P. J. , Day S. H. , Stebbings G. K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Physical activity, particularly mechanical loading that results in high-peak force and is multi-directional in nature, increases bone mineral density (BMD). In athletes such as endurance runners, this association is more complex due to other factors such as low energy availability and menstrual dysfunction. Moreover, many studies of athletes have used small sample sizes and/or athletes of varying abilities, making it difficult to compare BMD phenotypes between studies.

Method
The primary aim of this study was to compare dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived bone phenotypes of high-level endurance runners (58 women and 45 men) to non-athletes (60 women and 52 men). Our secondary aim was to examine the influence of menstrual irregularities and sporting activity completed during childhood on these bone phenotypes.

Results
Female runners had higher leg (4%) but not total body or lumbar spine BMD than female non-athletes. Male runners had lower lumbar spine (9%) but similar total and leg BMD compared to male non-athletes, suggesting that high levels of site-specific mechanical loading was advantageous for BMD in females only and a potential presence of reduced energy availability in males. Menstrual status in females and the number of sports completed in childhood in males and females had no influence on bone phenotypes within the runners.

Conclusion
Given the large variability in BMD in runners and non-athletes, other factors such as variation in genetic make-up alongside mechanical loading probably influence BMD across the adult lifespan.
A tale of two gradients: differences between the left and right hemispheres predict semantic cognition
Authors: Gonzalez Alam Tirso Rene del Jesus , Mckeown Brontë L. A. , Gao Zhiyao , Bernhardt Boris , Vos de Wael Reinder , Margulies Daniel S. , Smallwood Jonathan , Jefferies Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDecomposition of whole-brain functional connectivity patterns reveals a principal gradient that captures the separation of sensorimotor cortex from heteromodal regions in the default mode network (DMN). Functional homotopy is strongest in sensorimotor areas, and weakest in heteromodal cortices, suggesting there may be differences between the left and right hemispheres (LH/RH) in the principal gradient, especially towards its apex. This study characterised hemispheric differences in the position of large-scale cortical networks along the principal gradient, and their functional significance. We collected resting-state fMRI and semantic, working memory and non-verbal reasoning performance in 175 + healthy volunteers. We then extracted the principal gradient of connectivity for each participant, tested which networks showed significant hemispheric differences on the gradient, and regressed participants’ behavioural efficiency in tasks outside the scanner against interhemispheric gradient differences for each network. LH showed a higher overall principal gradient value, consistent with its role in heteromodal semantic cognition. One frontotemporal control subnetwork was linked to individual differences in semantic cognition: when it was nearer heteromodal DMN on the principal gradient in LH, participants showed more efficient semantic retrieval—and this network also showed a strong hemispheric difference in response to semantic demands but not working memory load in a separate study. In contrast, when a dorsal attention subnetwork was closer to the heteromodal end of the principal gradient in RH, participants showed better visual reasoning. Lateralization of function may reflect differences in connectivity between control and heteromodal regions in LH, and attention and visual regions in RH.
Stereological estimations and neurochemical characterization of neurons expressing GABAA and GABAB receptors in the rat pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei
Authors: Luquin Esther , Paternain Beatriz , Zugasti Inés , Santomá Carmen , Mengual Elisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo better understand GABAergic transmission at two targets of basal ganglia downstream projections, the pedunculopontine (PPN) and laterodorsal (LDT) tegmental nuclei, the anatomical localization of GABAA and GABAB receptors was investigated in both nuclei. Specifically, the total number of neurons expressing the GABAA receptor γ2 subunit (GABAAR γ2) and the GABAB receptor R2 subunit (GABAB R2) in PPN and LDT was estimated using stereological methods, and the neurochemical phenotype of cells expressing each subunit was also determined. The mean number of non-cholinergic cells expressing GABAAR γ2 was 9850 ± 1856 in the PPN and 8285 ± 962 in the LDT, whereas those expressing GABAB R2 were 7310 ± 1970 and 9170 ± 1900 in the PPN and LDT, respectively. In addition, all cholinergic neurons in both nuclei co-expressed GABAAR γ2 and 95–98% of them co-expressed GABAB R2. Triple labeling using in situ hybridization revealed that 77% of GAD67 mRNA-positive cells in the PPT and 49% in the LDT expressed GABAAR γ2, while 90% (PPN) and 65% (LDT) of Vglut2 mRNA-positive cells also expressed GABAAR γ2. In contrast, a similar proportion (~2/3) of glutamatergic and GABAergic cells co-expressed GABAB R2 in both nuclei. The heterogeneous distribution of GABAAR and GABABR among non-cholinergic cells in PPN and LDT may give rise to physiological differences within each neurochemical subpopulation. In addition, the dissimilar proportion of GABAAR γ2-expressing glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the PPN and LDT may contribute to some of the functional differences found between the two nuclei.
The prevalence of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in various solid tumors and the role of HRD as a single biomarker to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Kim Hana , Ahn Soomin , Kim Hongsik , Hong Jung Yong , Lee Jeeyun , Park Se Hoon , Park Joon Oh , Park Young Suk , Lim Ho Yeong , Kang Won Ki , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Kim Seung Tae 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is related to tumorigenesis. Currently, the possibility of HRD as a prognostic biomarker to immune checkpoint inhibitors is unknown. We aimed to investigate whether HRD has potential as a biomarker for immunotherapy.

Methods
The status of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) was assessed with the next-generation sequencing (NGS) TruSight™ Oncology 500 assay in 501 patients with advanced solid tumor including gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary (GU), or rare cancer. Results: among the 501 patients, HRD was observed as follows: 74.7% (347/501) patients; GU cancer (92.0%, 23 of 25), colorectal cancer (CRC) (86.1%, 130 of 151), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (83.3%, 10 of 12), pancreatic cancer (PC) (76.2%, 32 of 42), biliary tract cancer (BTC) (75.0%, 36 of 48), sarcoma (65.0%, 39 of 60), melanoma (52.4%, 11 of 21), other GI cancers (50.0%, 11 of 22), and rare cancer (50.0%, 2 of 4). Sixty-five of the 501 patients had received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) during the course of the disease. Tumor types of 65 patients treated with ICIs are as follows: melanoma (95.2%, 20 of 21), HCC (33.3%, 4 of 12), rare cancer (25.0%, 1 of 4), GC (12.2%, 14 of 116), BTC (10.4%, 5 of 48), and sarcoma (5.0%, 3 of 60). The most frequently reported mutations were BRCA2 (n = 90), ARID1A (n = 77), ATM (n = 71), BARD1 (n = 67). Patients without HRD exhibited an objective response rate (ORR) of 33.3% (4 of 12), and patients with HRD exhibited an ORR of 34.0% (18 of 53). There was no significant difference in ORR between patients with and without HRD (P = 0.967). Progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.5 months (95% CI 0.000–16.175) in patients without HRD and 4.1 months (95% CI 2.062–6.138) in patients with HRD, revealing no statistical significance (P = 0.441).

Conclusion
Herein, we reported the status of HRD using a cancer-panel for various solid tumor patients in routine clinical practice and demonstrated that HRD as a single biomarker was not sufficient to predict efficacy of ICIs in solid tumor patients.
Locally adaptive change-point detection (LACPD) with applications to environmental changes
Authors: Moradi Mehdi , Montesino-SanMartin Manuel , Ugarte M. Dolores , Militino Ana F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe propose an adaptive-sliding-window approach (LACPD) for the problem of change-point detection in a set of time-ordered observations. The proposed method is combined with sub-sampling techniques to compensate for the lack of enough data near the time series’ tails. Through a simulation study, we analyse its behaviour in the presence of an early/middle/late change-point in the mean, and compare its performance with some of the frequently used and recently developed change-point detection methods in terms of power, type I error probability, area under the ROC curves (AUC), absolute bias, variance, and root-mean-square error (RMSE). We conclude that LACPD outperforms other methods by maintaining a low type I error probability. Unlike some other methods, the performance of LACPD does not depend on the time index of change-points, and it generally has lower bias than other alternative methods. Moreover, in terms of variance and RMSE, it outperforms other methods when change-points are close to the time series’ tails, whereas it shows a similar (sometimes slightly poorer) performance as other methods when change-points are close to the middle of time series. Finally, we apply our proposal to two sets of real data: the well-known example of annual flow of the Nile river in Awsan, Egypt, from 1871 to 1970, and a novel remote sensing data application consisting of a 34-year time-series of satellite images of the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index in Wadi As-Sirham valley, Saudi Arabia, from 1986 to 2019. We conclude that LACPD shows a good performance in detecting the presence of a change as well as the time and magnitude of change in real conditions.
Free flexural vibrations of homogeneous beams with symmetrically variable depths
Authors: Magnucki Krzysztof , Magnucka-Blandzi Ewa , Milecki Szymon , Goliwąs Damian , Wittenbeck Leszek 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe subject of the paper are homogeneous beams of symmetrically variable depth and bisymmetrical cross sections. Free flexural vibrations of these beams are analytically and numerically studied. Based on Hamilton’s principle, the differential equations of motion of these beams are obtained. The equations of motion are analytically solved with consideration of the bending lines of these beams subjected to their own weight. The fundamental natural frequency for exemplary beams is derived and presented in Tables and Figures.
Longitudinal changes in quality of life and psychosocial problems of primary school children in a deprived urban neighborhood over the course of a school-based integrated approach
Authors: Elsenburg L. K. , Galenkamp H. , Abrahamse M. E. , Harting J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe municipality of Amsterdam implemented a 2-year school-based integrated approach in schools in a deprived neighborhood. The integrated approach targeted the domains of education, health and poverty and the children’s school, neighborhood and home environment by involving various agencies and actors. In this study, changes in children’s quality of life and psychosocial problems over the course of the integrated approach were examined and evaluated. A dynamic cohort design was used. At five measurement occasions (T1–T5) during 2 years, children from four consecutive grades in five schools filled out a questionnaire (total n = 614). In children between 7 and 13 years, quality of life was measured with the KIDSCREEN-10. In children between 9 and 13 years, psychosocial problems were measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Generalized estimating equations were applied. Time, sex, age, socio-economic status, ethnic background, grade, and school were included as independent variables. Quality of life was higher from the first follow-up during the approach (T2) until the end of the approach (T4) compared to at the start of the approach (T1). At T5, several months after the approach ended, scores returned back to baseline. Likewise, a reduction in children’s psychosocial problems was detected at the end of the approach (T4) compared to at the start of the approach (T1). However, both before and after that time point, no improvements were detected. This study shows that integrated approaches can be beneficial for children’s quality of life and psychosocial health, but continued investments may be needed to maintain established improvements.Trial registration NTR6571 (NL6395), August 4 2017 retrospectively registered.
Association between age of first exposure and heavy internet use in a representative sample of 317,443 adolescents from 52 countries
Authors: López-Bueno Rubén , Koyanagi Ai , López-Sánchez Guillermo Felipe , Firth Joseph , Smith Lee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInternet usage among adolescents has increased substantially over the last years, concurrently with emerging concerns that an abusive use is associated with detrimental health outcomes. Our objective was to examine the association between age of first exposure and heavy Internet usage in different domains. Data from the 2018 wave of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) were retrieved. This included a total of 317,443 participants (49.2% boys) aged 15 and 16 years from 52 countries. Data from both Internet use and age of first exposure were retrieved and used to conduct metanalyses with random effects. Adolescents reporting an age of first exposure of Internet usage at ≥ 13 years old had the lowest odds for heavy Internet use (> 2 h/day) (reference group: ≤ 9 years) during weekends (odds ratio, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.35–0.48]), weekdays (odds ratio, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.37–0.56]), and during school time (odds ratio (odds ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.77–0.96]) even when adjusted for sex, socioeconomic status, and country. A stronger association was observed in adolescents from South and Central America and Eastern Mediterranean regions in the domain of weekends and weekdays. The results indicate that early internet exposure is associated with heavy Internet use, particularly during weekends and weekdays, regardless the geographical region, in a linear fashion. Further research should aim to examine if better education and parental control in specific areas may avoid excessive Internet use that possibly have a negative influence on both mental and physical health.
Positive Effects of Legumes on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Disappear at High Legume Proportions Across Natural Grasslands in the Pyrenees
Authors: Rodríguez Antonio , Canals Rosa Maria , Sebastià M.-Teresa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSoil is the largest terrestrial carbon pool, making it crucial for climate change mitigation. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is suggested to depend on biodiversity components, but much evidence comes from diversity-function experiments. To disentangle the relationships of plant guild diversity with SOC storage (kg m−2) at broad spatial scales, we applied diversity-interaction models to a regional grassland database (n = 96) including wide environmental conditions and management regimes. The questions were: (1) Are the effects of plant guilds on SOC stocks in natural grasslands consistent with those found in experimental systems? (2) Are plant guild effects on SOC stocks independent of each other or do they show interactive—synergistic or antagonistic—effects? (3) Do environmental variables, including abiotic and management, modify guild effects on SOC stocks? Among our most novel results we found, legume effects on grassland SOC vary depending on legume proportion consistently across broad spatial scales. SOC increased with legume proportion up to 7–17%, then decreased. Additionally, these effects were strengthened when grasses and forbs were codominant. Grazing intensity modulated grass proportion effects on SOC, being maximum at relatively high intensities. Interpreting our results in terms of existing contrasted ecological theories, we confirmed at broad spatial scales and under wide-ranging environmental conditions the positive effects of plant guild diversity on SOC, and we showed how legumes exert a keystone effect on SOC in natural grasslands, probably related to their ability to fix inorganic N. Niche complementarity effects were illustrated when codominance of forbs and grasses at optimum legume proportions boosted SOC storage, whereas grass dominance increased SOC stocks at medium–high grazing intensities. These findings can facilitate the preparation of regional and local strategies to ameliorate the soil capacity to absorb carbon.
TRFH: towards real-time face detection and head pose estimation
Authors: Chen Shicun , Zhang Yong , Yin Baocai , Wang Boyue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNowadays, face detection and head pose estimation have a lot of application such as face recognition, aiding in gaze estimation and modeling attention. For these two tasks, it is usually to design two different models. However, the head pose estimation model often depends on the region of interest (ROI) detected in advance, which means that a serial face detector is needed. Even the lightest face detector will slow down the whole forward inference time and cannot achieve real-time performance when detecting the head pose of multiple people. We can see that both face detection and head pose estimation need face features, so a shared face feature map can be used between them. In this paper, a multi-task learning model is proposed that can solve both problems simultaneously. We directly detect the location of the center point of the bounding box of face; at this location, we calculate the size of the bounding box of face and the head attitude. We evaluate our model’s performance on the AFLW. The proposed model has great competitiveness with the multi-stage face attribute analysis model, and our model can achieve real-time performance.