bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Intermediate Liquid Compounds (ILC) from Biomass Fast Pyrolysis
Authors: Xiao Guiyu , Carrier Marion , Letourneau Jean-Jacques , Zhang Yani , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biomass fast pyrolysis process is a technology that converts renewable solids into a dense liquid. This study aims to apprehend the thermodynamic behaviour of the Intermediate Liquid Compounds (ILCs) observed during the biomass fast pyrolysis. The system studied was a closed system (20 mL) with air and a mixture solution of five components (Acetic acid (AA), hydroxyacetone (HX), phenol; furfural (FF) and methanol) at 90°C and under atmospheric pressure. The flash calculation was conducted at a given temperature and pressure. The vapor-liquid equilibrium compositions were determined combining equation of state and activity coefficient models, the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equation of state coupled with Modified Huron-Vidal (MHV2) mixing rules incorporating the UNIversal Functionnal Activity Coefficient (UNIFAC) model. Theoretical calculations of vapor-liquid equilibrium compositions were experimentally validated by using a Head-Space GC-MS system. A quantitative agreement between simulated and measured concentrations in the liquid phase was achieved with this combined state-predictive model of SRK-MHV2-UNIFAC model; thus, confirming that it accounts well for the nonidealities.
Research and Application of Online Monitoring and Early Warning System for Converter Transformer
Authors: Zhou Chunyang , Liu Yingnan , Li Yajin , Zhang Guoxin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to make up for the deficiency of the current monitoring methods for converter transformer and its accessories, an intelligent monitoring system for the operation parameters and environment of the converter transformer is designed based on the monitoring of the converter transformer. The current monitoring means are expanded and the key operation parameters and operation environment monitoring information of the converter transformer are further integrated. Statistical analysis method and DBN neural network are used to analyze the running state of the converter and realize the condition monitoring and evaluation of the converter and its accessories. The operating status of equipment is effectively perceived and analysis and decision-making basis for carrying out condition maintenance are provided.
Calculation of Grid Investment Quota Based on Electrical Transmission and Distribution tariff
Authors: Yin Bingbing , Xia Xu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electrical transmission and distribution tariff reform is an important part of the new round of electric power system reform. Under the supervision of transmission and distribution tariff, the optimization of investment scale will be the focus of power grid companies’ future work. The lack of investment capacity of power grid means that the grid can’t meet the load growth and the requirement for the quality of power supply, and the investment surplus is that the investment scale of grid is much ahead of the load growth and power quality demand of users, which will lead the electrical transmission and distribution tariff soar in the next supervision cycle, causing the investment contraction of power grid. Therefore, the power grid companies must determine the reasonable investment scale based on the transmission and distribution tariff.
Research on Thermal Insulation Measures of Power Equipment Condition Monitoring Device in Cold Regions
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhang Peng , Liang Jianquan , Li Lin , Sun Wei , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Outdoor winter temperatures in other northern regions such as Heilongjiang Province are relatively low. As an important equipment of ensuring the safety of transmission lines, the stability of the condition monitoring devices is facing great challenges. In order to ensure that the condition monitoring device can operate reliably in winter, so as to avoid the influence of low temperature in winter on the reliability of the condition monitoring device, in this paper a device is designed that uses solar heat for heat preservation for power equipment condition monitoring device. The device uses an all-glass vacuum solar collector tube to convert solar energy into heat, and realizes instant feedback and control of temperature through a bimetallic temperature sensor. After testing, in winter, the internal temperature of the heat insulation box can be increased by about 30°C compared with the outside, which can effectively improve the winter operating environment of the device.
Study on Peaking Performance of 330MW Unit under Pure Condensing Condition and Extraction Condition
Authors: Zhang Xuhui , Xin Gang , Zhao Zhonghua , Cui Fuxing , Dong Xinguang , Zhao Qingchuan , Liu Ke , Wang Haichao , Liu Jinglong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the peaking capacity test is carried out for the 330MW unit to compare the peak shaving performance of the unit under the extraction state. The test content is divided into three parts, respectively (a) operating at minimum output under pure condensing condition, (b) minimum load with maximum steam extraction condition and (c) maximum steam extraction with minimum electric load condition. It can be seen from the test results that the minimum electrical load of the unit under 3 conditions is 128.4 MW, 128.6 MW, and 124.8 MW, respectively. Under the test conditions of industrial steam extraction at about 40t/h, the peak shaving performance of the unit has almost no change, compared with the pure condensing condition.
A New Type of Enhanced Heat Transfer Technology for Mobile Heat Storage Medium
Authors: Xu Ke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mobile heat storage technology is to alleviate the energy supply and demand both sides on the time, intensity and location does not match the effective way, is the rational utilization of energy and the effective ways to reduce environmental pollution, but the current mobile heat storage technology is not used widely in domestic, the main factor of restricting its development is exothermic filling time is too long, cause heat loss and power consumption is too large. After analyzing the heat transfer module of the mobile heat storage system and searching a lot of literature, it is found that Hydrogen fluoride ether (HFE) has excellent heat transfer characteristics. Through the principle exploration and experimental verification, the following conclusions are finally drawn: Adding HFE7000 with a concentration of 1.2% into the heat exchange module can improve the heat exchange effect by about 58%, which has good energy-saving and emission reduction.
Failure case study on porous block impregnated graphite heat exchanger
Authors: Dong Liang , Chen Yi , Tong Zhuanggen , Liu Chongyang , Yang Zhenguo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Phenolic impregnated graphite is a new kind of material with higher corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity. In the chemical industry, it is often used to make containers and pipes containing strong acid and alkali medium. In this paper, a failure case of graphite heat exchanger in a chemical enterprise in Shanghai was studied. The failure reason of the graphite block was tested by means of three-dimensional observation, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the particle fineness of graphite block and the operating conditions of the graphite heat exchanger are the main reasons for the failure of the graphite heat exchanger. At last, some suggestions are put forward for the safe use of this kind of graphite heat exchanger.
Investigation of loading speed influence on fatigue wear of - polymer materials
Authors: Bataev D C S , Goytemirov R U , Gaziyev M A , Dzhamaldinova M A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Antifriction and friction materials used in many construction structures, devices and road construction machines simultaneously undergo dynamic and impact loads. The article considers the influence of dynamic and impact loads on the friction and wear of polymer composite materials. The materials of the maslyanit group are established to have high resistance to frictional and bulk fatigue and are capable of long-term operation without failure under cyclic dynamic and impact nature of loading. Test results show that pure kapron, despite its homogeneous structure and greater elasticity than maslyanits, is more prone to bulk fatigue failure under the cyclic impact. This fact is fundamental for confirming the mechanism of fatigue crack blocking by solid particles of the filler. Researches confirm that introduction of the solid particles capable of additional relaxation of stresses in a crack tip zone reduces the speed of distribution of the fatigue crack defined by the speed of polymer loading. The conducted research also confirms high tribotechnical properties of the composite material Maslyanit KSC which has increased hardness of surface layers and high impact viscosity of deep layers as a result of surface “cementation”.
Selection of tools and cutting modes for turning small-sized high-precision parts of micro-wave electronics from beryllium bronze
Authors: Karlina Yu I , Kargapoltsev S K , Gozbenko V E , Karlina A I , Leonovich D S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Beryllium bronze has the property of plasticity after heat treatment, which is a decisive factor when choosing the material of conductors in unpressurized coaxial connectors. The presence of burrs on these parts according to technical requirements is not allowed. When turning details of beryllium bronze, difficult to remove burrs appear. The aim of the study is to select a tool and cutting modes for turning small-sized high-precision parts of microwave electronics from beryllium bronze, in which there are no burrs or their size and quantity are minimal. In this study, empirical methods are used in the form of experimental selection of cutting modes and tools for the purpose of combating burrs, and analytical methods in the form of analysis of the character of burrs using the provisions of the theory of metal cutting, analysis of factors affecting the formation of burrs during machining surface parts. On CNC lathes CITIZEN CINCOM studied typical of this type of production tools ten leading manufacturers of precision cutting tools for turning. As a result of the study, it was not possible to completely exclude the appearance of burrs during machining. The smallest size and the number of burrs were obtained when machining with carbide tools manufactured by Swiss companies Fraisa, Utilis, IFANGER, Applitec. TiAlN coating is well suited for beryllium bronze treatment. When turning with a new tool at low speeds, the number of burrs decreases, their character changes, they become small drop-shaped. The processing modes recommended by the tool manufacturer differ from those selected experimentally. For further use of the selection results, it is necessary to create a database of regulatory and reference information on the types of processing for specific materials, tools, machine tools according to the accuracy criteria, taking into account the minimization of the number and size of burrs.
Optimization of the gas collection and treatment system of the Beregovoye gas condensate field
Authors: Karimova A A , Almukhametova E M , Fakhrutdinov F F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
At present, the experience of exploitation of various fields shows that a lot of associated water and gas is extracted during the oil production process. A liquid is extracted from wells, which is a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons in various aggregate states, various impurities and water. The water extracted from the reservoir negatively affects the equipment, causing its abrasion. At the same time, the period of major repairs is being shortened. The object of the current research is a gas condensate field. The purpose of this work is to increase the efficiency of the gas dehydration process by improving mass-transfer, as well as to analyze the gas collection and treatment system. At the same time, the analysis of the arrangement of technological schemes of equipment for gas treatment and absorption is carried out.
Process modeling of gas displacement of oil on the example of oil fields in Bashkortostan
Authors: Efimov E R , Chizhov A P , Mukhametshin V Sh , Chibisov A V , Andreev V E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of the process modeling of gas displacement of oil. The proposed model takes into account the features of the state and changes in the physical and chemical state of formation systems on exposure to formation fluids with various gases-carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. Numerical experiments made it possible to predict changes in technological parameters of impact objects and determine the incremental value in the oil recovery factor for Devonian fields of several oil-fields in Bashkortostan.
Two-stage stimulation of the oil formation
Authors: Vorsina N A , Izmaylova G R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article considers a two-stage exposure to the formation. At the 1st stage, the combined exposure of high-frequency (HF) electromagnetic (EM) and sonic fields on the oil formation are performed without simultaneous formation fluid withdrawal. At the 2nd stage, the HF EM field is affected on the formation and at the same time, a low-viscosity solvent is injected into it. At the 1st stage, the bottom-hole zone is strongly warmed up due to the total thermal effect of the fields and an increase in the effective thermal conductivity of the medium due to acoustic treatment on the formation. At the 2nd stage, the solvent injected into a formation withdraws heat from the bottom-hole formation zone (BHFZ) further into the field. The dependence of the oil displacement front by the solvent on the dispersion parameter of the porous medium is considered.
The choice of technologies for restoring the properties of the bottomhole zone of wells in deposits with low-viscosity oils
Authors: Yakupov R F , Mingulov Sh G , Mingulov I Sh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on the analysis of many years of experience in the operation of the Tuymazinskaya group of oil fields, it has been established that one of the most effective methods for restoring the injectivity of injection wells is chemical treatment of the bottomhole zone of wells with various acid compositions in conjunction with well reperforation and the use of coiled tubing technologies.
Influence of oscillatory phenomena in vertical well on volume of outflow from production string
Authors: Zaripova L M , Gabdrakhimov M S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
During well operation, there is a leaky cement ring, which is due to various reasons, the main of which are the technology of casing production strings and the used grouting materials that do not regard the actual geological and technical conditions of wells. Thus, the most important task is to ensure high-quality annulus insulation during well cementing. Theoretical studies which can be used to calculate the volume of fluid outflowing from a cemented and uncemented casing regarding the pressure distribution in a vertical well on conditions that data on the characteristics of the casing and working fluid is known are an urgent issue.
Rapid cleanroom-free fabrication of thread based transistors using three-dimensional stencil-based patterning
Authors: Kumar Tanuj , Owyeung Rachel E , Sonkusale Sameer R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Applications such as wearable electronics and flexible displays have led to considerable advancement in flexible electronic materials. Textile threads have recently emerged as a flexible substrate with unique properties like biocompatibility, three-dimensional (3D) interfacing, and processability. However, fabrication of transistors and integrated circuits on threads remains a challenge. We address this need with a low-cost, high-throughput and cleanroom-free fabrication method for ionogel-gated organic thread-based transistors. It makes use of a 3D flexible ‘stencil’ to fabricate the active channel area gap. Similar to stencils used in screen printing on two-dimensional substrates, the stencil provides a 3D mask for spatially targeted printing on thread-based substrates. Carbon ink is coated using this 3D stencil on the thread to act as source and drain electrodes, along with poly(3-hexylthiophene), a proven organic semiconductor as a proof of concept. We achieve consistent simultaneous batch fabrication of over tens of transistors with a threshold voltage of − (1.48 ± 0.11) V, an operating region of 0 to −3 V, and an ON/OFF ratio of the order of 102.
Thermal coefficients of Earth fuller reinforced with nano-oxide particles
Authors: Sharma Gyan Prakash , Bansal Arti , Singh Ramvir 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present work deals with the study of thermal coefficients of Earth fuller based nanocomposites (EFBNC) with the change in the mass fraction of nano-oxide particles (Al2O3, TiO2) in EF at different temperatures. Thermal Constants Analyser (TPS 2200) has been used to measure thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat capacity simultaneously of the prepared EFBNC at varying temperatures ranging from 10 °C to 60 °C in steps of 10 at 2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, and 8 wt%. Percentage increment in thermal conductivity of EFBNC with TiO2 was observed approximately 16% and 13% at 30 °C and 60 °C with the increase in the mass fraction of nanoparticles from 2 wt% to 8 wt%. On the other hand, at the same temperature and concentration, a decrement in thermal conductivity of EFBNC with Al2O3 was noticed approximately 8% and 3%. The decrement in thermal diffusivity of EFBNC with TiO2 was found approximately 23% at 30 °C and 11% at 60 °C when concentration increases from 2 wt% to 8 wt% and with Al2O3 was approximately 11% and 13% respectively at the same temperature and concentration. Percentage increment in the specific heat of EFBNC with TiO2 and Al2O3 was observed approximately 38% and 9% at 30 °C and 26% and 17% at 60 °C with increment in the mass fraction of nanoparticles from 2 wt% to 8 wt% in EF.
Multi-omics approaches for revealing the complexity of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Doran Stephen , Arif Muhammad , Lam Simon , Bayraktar Abdulahad , Turkez Hasan , Uhlen Mathias , Boren Jan , Mardinoglu Adil 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) can mainly be attributed to the narrowing of blood vessels caused by atherosclerosis and thrombosis, which induces organ damage that will result in end-organ dysfunction characterized by events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. It is also essential to consider other contributory factors to CVD, including cardiac remodelling caused by cardiomyopathies and co-morbidities with other diseases such as chronic kidney disease. Besides, there is a growing amount of evidence linking the gut microbiota to CVD through several metabolic pathways. Hence, it is of utmost importance to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with these disease states to elucidate the development and progression of CVD. A wide array of systems biology approaches incorporating multi-omics data have emerged as an invaluable tool in establishing alterations in specific cell types and identifying modifications in signalling events that promote disease development. Here, we review recent studies that apply multi-omics approaches to further understand the underlying causes of CVD and provide possible treatment strategies by identifying novel drug targets and biomarkers. We also discuss very recent advances in gut microbiota research with an emphasis on how diet and microbial composition can impact the development of CVD. Finally, we present various biological network analyses and other independent studies that have been employed for providing mechanistic explanation and developing treatment strategies for end-stage CVD, namely myocardial infarction and stroke.
On the limits of active module identification
Authors: Lazareva Olga , Baumbach Jan , List Markus , Blumenthal David B 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn network and systems medicine, active module identification methods (AMIMs) are widely used for discovering candidate molecular disease mechanisms. To this end, AMIMs combine network analysis algorithms with molecular profiling data, most commonly, by projecting gene expression data onto generic protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Although active module identification has led to various novel insights into complex diseases, there is increasing awareness in the field that the combination of gene expression data and PPI network is problematic because up-to-date PPI networks have a very small diameter and are subject to both technical and literature bias. In this paper, we report the results of an extensive study where we analyzed for the first time whether widely used AMIMs really benefit from using PPI networks. Our results clearly show that, except for the recently proposed AMIM DOMINO, the tested AMIMs do not produce biologically more meaningful candidate disease modules on widely used PPI networks than on random networks with the same node degrees. AMIMs hence mainly learn from the node degrees and mostly fail to exploit the biological knowledge encoded in the edges of the PPI networks. This has far-reaching consequences for the field of active module identification. In particular, we suggest that novel algorithms are needed which overcome the degree bias of most existing AMIMs and/or work with customized, context-specific networks instead of generic PPI networks.
Spatiotemporal dynamics between interictal epileptiform discharges and ripples during associative memory processing
Authors: Henin Simon , Shankar Anita , Borges Helen , Flinker Adeen , Doyle Werner , Friedman Daniel , Devinsky Orrin , Buzsáki György , Liu Anli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe describe the spatiotemporal course of cortical high-gamma activity, hippocampal ripple activity and interictal epileptiform discharges during an associative memory task in 15 epilepsy patients undergoing invasive EEG. Successful encoding trials manifested significantly greater high-gamma activity in hippocampus and frontal regions. Successful cued recall trials manifested sustained high-gamma activity in hippocampus compared to failed responses. Hippocampal ripple rates were greater during successful encoding and retrieval trials. Interictal epileptiform discharges during encoding were associated with 15% decreased odds of remembering in hippocampus (95% confidence interval 6–23%). Hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharges during retrieval predicted 25% decreased odds of remembering (15–33%). Odds of remembering were reduced by 25–52% if interictal epileptiform discharges occurred during the 500–2000 ms window of encoding or by 41% during retrieval. During encoding and retrieval, hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharges were followed by a transient decrease in ripple rate. We hypothesize that interictal epileptiform discharges impair associative memory in a regionally and temporally specific manner by decreasing physiological hippocampal ripples necessary for effective encoding and recall. Because dynamic memory impairment arises from pathological interictal epileptiform discharge events competing with physiological ripples, interictal epileptiform discharges represent a promising therapeutic target for memory remediation in patients with epilepsy.