bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ignition delay and chemical–kinetic modeling of undiluted mixtures in a high‐pressure shock tube: Nonideal effects and comparative uncertainty analysis
Authors: Zander Lisa , Vinkeloe Johann , Djordjevic Neda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh‐pressure shock tube ignition delay data are essential for fuel characterization and for the validation and optimization of chemical–kinetic models. Therefore, it is crucial that realistic measurement conditions are considered in modeling. Furthermore, an accurate uncertainty quantification for experimental data is the basis for evaluation of the predictive reliability of chemical–kinetic models. Several measurement aspects are investigated to improve the interpretation of measurement results: (1) A new approach for integrating the nonideal pressure rise into chemical–kinetic modeling based on a correlation to measurement data is introduced, which enables the determination at each condition and fuel–air mixture individually with minimal effort. (2) A semiempirical model for available test times of reactive mixtures is introduced, which is based on measurement data of nonreactive mixtures. It allows for a priori prediction of test times and provides experimental limits to support the measurement. (3) A literature review shows that different uncertainty sources are considered in ignition delay time uncertainty analysis. A comparative analysis is conducted to investigate the significance of different uncertainty sources for test temperature and ignition delay time. The analysis of ignition delay time uncertainty indicates that for fuels with negative temperature coefficient behavior a comprehensive uncertainty analysis has to be conducted to accurately estimate measurement uncertainty in the intermediate temperature range. Additionally, ignition delay times of dimethyl ether–air mixtures are measured at pressures of 8, 12, and 35 bar and at equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. Furthermore, the data on first‐stage ignition delay are rather scarce and have therefore been recorded additionally. The new approach of integrating the nonideal pressure rise into modeling and the comprehensive uncertainty analysis supports the interpretation of measurement data, such that the prediction capabilities of chemical–kinetic models can be evaluated thoroughly.
High resolution small‐scale inorganic scintillator detector: HDR brachytherapy application
Authors: Debnath Sree Bash Chandra , Ferre Marjorie , Tonneau Didier , Fauquet Carole , Tallet Agnes , Goncalves Anthony , Darreon Julien 
Published: January 2021

PurposeBrachytherapy (BT) deals with high gradient internal dose irradiation made up of a complex system where the source is placed nearby the tumor to destroy cancerous cells. A primary concern of clinical safety in BT is quality assurance to ensure the best matches between the delivered and prescribed doses targeting small volume tumors and sparing surrounding healthy tissues. Hence, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a point size inorganic scintillator detector (ISD) in terms of high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR‐BT) treatment.MethodsA prototype of the dose verification system has been developed based on scintillating dosimetry to measure a high dose rate while using an 192Ir BT source. The associated dose rate is measured in photons/s employing a highly sensitive photon counter (design data: 20 photons/s). Dose measurement was performed as a function of source‐to‐detector distance according to TG43U1 recommendations. Overall measurements were carried out inside water phantoms keeping the ISD along the BT needle; a minimum of 0.1 cm distance was maintained between each measurement point. The planned dwell times were measured accurately from the difference of two adjacent times of transit. The ISD system performances were also evaluated in terms of dose linearity, energy dependency, scintillation stability, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR). Finally, a comparison was presented between the ISD measurements and results obtained from TG43 reference dataset.ResultsThe detection efficiency of the ISD was verified by measuring the planned dwell times at different dwell positions. Measurements demonstrated that the ISD has a perfectly linear behavior with dose rate (R2 = 1) and shows high SNR (>35) and SBR (>36) values even at the lowest dose rate investigated at around 10 cm from the source. Standard deviation (1σ) remains within 0.03% of signal magnitude, and less than 0.01% STEM signal was monitored at 0.1 cm source‐to‐detector distance. Stability of 0.54% is achieved, and afterglow stays less than 1% of the total signal in all the irradiations. Excellent symmetrical behavior of the dose rate regarding source position was observed at different radiation planes. Finally, a comparison with TG‐43 reference dataset shows that corrected measurements agreed with simulation data within 1.2% and 1.3%, and valid for the source‐to‐detector distance greater than 0.25 cm.ConclusionThe proposed ISD in this study anticipated that the system could be promoted to validate with further clinical investigations. It allows an appropriate dose verification with dwell time estimation during source tracking and suitable dose measurement with a high spatial resolution both nearby (high dose gradient) and far (low dose gradient) from the source position.
Dyadic coping and social support: Various types of support in hematooncological patients and their spouses—Associations with psychological distress
Authors: Bodschwinna Daniela , Ernst Jochen , Mehnert‐Theuerkauf Anja , Gündel Harald , Weissflog Gregor , Hönig Klaus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivePatients and spouses use various support strategies to deal with cancer and its associated burden. Support can be perceived within the dyad [perceived dyadic coping (PDC)] or from others [perceived social support (PSS)]. The present study investigates the association of PDC and PSS with depression and anxiety symptoms experienced by hematooncological dyads.MethodsA total of 330 hematooncological dyads participated in the study. Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) including perceived stress communication and four PDC strategies (supportive, negative, delegated, common), ENRICHED Social Support Instrument (ESSI) and Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 (PHQ‐4) are used for assessment. To take nonindependence of patient's and spouse's variables into account, data are analyzed with the Actor‐partner‐interdependence model (APIM).ResultsHematological cancer patients and their spouses reported a similar level of depression and anxiety symptoms. Perceived negative dyadic coping (DC) was adversely related with both patient's and spouse's outcomes (all p < 0.01) and perceived positive DC was adversely related with depression symptoms in both and anxiety symptoms in spouses (all p < 0.05). More PSS was associated with less depression and anxiety symptoms in both (all p < 0.05), and spouse's PSS (b = −0.04, p < 0.05) was significantly associated with patient's depression symptoms.ConclusionsThis study highlights the association between perceived negative DC, perceived positive DC and PSS with depression and anxiety symptoms. Focus should be on enhancement of PSS especially in spouses, as they experience a comparable amount of psychosocial distress and have considerable impact on the patient's wellbeing.
Identification of key neutral species in atmospheric‐pressure plasma for promoting proliferation of fibroblast cells
Authors: Hori Yuki , Iwata Naoyuki , Gamaleev Vladislav , Oh Jun‐Seok , Murata Tomiyasu , Hori Masaru , Ito Masafumi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo identify the key neutral species from atmospheric‐pressure plasma for promoting the proliferation of fibroblast cells, an atmospheric‐pressure radical generator was employed. A cell viability assay showed that the proliferation of fibroblasts was significantly promoted through radical treatment, resulting in the highest promotion ratio of 24%. The densities of the neutral radicals supplied by the radical generator were measured via mass spectrometry at atmospheric pressure. To determine an effective factor for the promotion, the dose dependencies of these radicals on the promotion ratio were investigated. The promotion ratio exhibited a strong correlation only with the NO• dose. These results confirmed that NO• is a direct trigger of plasma‐enhanced cell proliferation.
Brexit, acculturative stress and mental health among EU citizens in Scotland
Authors: Teodorowski Piotr , Woods Ruth , Czarnecka Magda , Kennedy Catriona 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ‘Brexit’ referendum represents a hostile shift in the United Kingdom's acculturative context. With its remain majority and pro‐migration political discourse, Scotland appears less hostile than the rest of the United Kingdom. We explored whether and how Brexit affected the mental health of European Union citizens living in Scotland. Thirty EU citizens took part in seven focus groups. Participants reported three main sources of acculturative stress: uncertainty, feelings of rejection and experiences of loss. These were associated with a range of negative emotional and mental states including anxiety, anger, shock and sadness. A minority reported severe difficulties including trauma, panic attacks and deterioration of existing physical and mental health conditions. Participants mobilised contrasts between Scotland and other parts of the United Kingdom to partially mitigate feelings of rejection. These findings indicate that the United Kingdom's hostile acculturative context has had important, enduring effects on the mental health of EU citizens in Scotland.
A novel equivalence probability weighted power prior for using historical control data in an adaptive clinical trial design: A comparison to standard methods
Authors: Bennett Maxine , White Simon , Best Nicky , Mander Adrian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA standard two‐arm randomised controlled trial usually compares an intervention to a control treatment with equal numbers of patients randomised to each treatment arm and only data from within the current trial are used to assess the treatment effect. Historical data are used when designing new trials and have recently been considered for use in the analysis when the required number of patients under a standard trial design cannot be achieved. Incorporating historical control data could lead to more efficient trials, reducing the number of controls required in the current study when the historical and current control data agree. However, when the data are inconsistent, there is potential for biased treatment effect estimates, inflated type I error and reduced power. We introduce two novel approaches for binary data which discount historical data based on the agreement with the current trial controls, an equivalence approach and an approach based on tail area probabilities. An adaptive design is used where the allocation ratio is adapted at the interim analysis, randomising fewer patients to control when there is agreement. The historical data are down‐weighted in the analysis using the power prior approach with a fixed power. We compare operating characteristics of the proposed design to historical data methods in the literature: the modified power prior; commensurate prior; and robust mixture prior. The equivalence probability weight approach is intuitive and the operating characteristics can be calculated exactly. Furthermore, the equivalence bounds can be chosen to control the maximum possible inflation in type I error.
Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): An effective molecular point‐of‐care technique for the rapid diagnosis of coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Chaouch Melek 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe novel coronavirus disease‐2019 (Covid‐19) public health emergency has caused enormous loss around the world. This pandemic is a concrete example of the existing gap between availability of advanced diagnostics and current need for cost‐effective methodology. The advent of the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay provided an innovative tool for establishing a rapid diagnostic technique based on the molecular amplification of pathogen RNA or DNA. In this review, we explore the applications, diagnostic effectiveness of LAMP test for molecular diagnosis and surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Our results show that LAMP can be considered as an effective point‐of‐care test for the diagnosis of Covid‐19 in endemic areas, especially for low‐ and middle‐income countries.
The widespread alteration of rivers in the Romanian Carpathians and the undisturbed Râul Alb
Authors: Dejeu Călin , Carpa Rahela , Remizovschi Alexei , Bond James 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhysical alterations across the Romanian Carpathians have resulted in an ecocide in the form of the hydromophological disruption of n early every river. The primary cause has been two historical waves of hydropower development. Collectively, these projects were undertaken without consideration for their cumulative impact. Only one, small, ecologically complete and undisturbed river, Râul Alb, has survived. This river flows through a national park, a geopark, and three Natura 2000 sites. All of these, coupled with its spectacular heterogeneous water course, confirm Râul Alb as one of the top sites of natural heritage in Romania. However, Râul Alb was the proposed site for a hydropower project, consisting of two hydropower plants, one in the mountains and one in the depression downstream. Initially, an environmental permit was granted for this project. This was followed by a grassroots campaign and legal injunction that sought to halt the project. The campaign centred on a petition that reached over 116,000 signatures. The legal plaintiff argued that county and national laws were potentially breached by this project. Ultimately, the Alba Iulia Court of Appeal found in favour of the plaintiff and blocked the construction of the hydropower plants on administrative grounds (invoking one of the laws considered). Yet pressure to develop the untouched river remains.
A Supported Ni Catalyst Produced from Ni‐Al Hydrotalcite‐Like Precursor for Reduction of Furfuryl Alcohol to Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol by NaBH4 in Water
Authors: Ren Dezhang , Wang Jingyi , Jiang Xuelei , Song Zhiyuan , Norinaga Koyo , Huo Zhibao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) is a kind of high value‐added compound in industry, which can be obtained from biomass chemical engineering. However, Synthesis of THFA under mild condition with green hydrogen donors remains a big challenge. In this article, a supported Ni catalyst derived from Ni−Al hydrotalcite‐like compounds (HTs) as precursors for the reduction of furfuryl alcohol (FA) into THFA with NaBH4 as reducing agent in water was first reported. As a result, Ni/Al2O3−HT exhibited high catalytic activity for the transformation, and THFA was achieved in 100 % yield at 60 °C for 60 min. Moreover, Ni/Al2O3−HT could be recycled at least seven times without the loss of its activity. Under optimized conditions, the reduction reaction of several furan and ketone compounds was investigated. A possible mechanism for the reduction of FA to afford THFA was also proposed.
Tobacco‐Stem‐Derived Nitrogen‐Enriched Hierarchical Porous Carbon for High‐Energy Supercapacitor
Authors: Wang Hefang , Yang Lijia , Liu Guanghui , Li Manhua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNitrogen enriched hierarchical porous carbons with high specific surface (SSA) area and well‐connected pore structure are highly desirable for supercapacitor electrode materials. Herein, nitrogen enriched hierarchical porous carbon (NHPC) was prepared by pre‐carbonization of tobacco stems and activation by KHCO3. The as‐prepared NHPC‐800 exhibits high SSA (2691 m2 g−1) and high proportion of mesopore (76.5 %). NHPC‐800 also shows high nitrogen content of 1.4 %. Benefited from improved pore structure and chemical composition, the obtained NHPC‐800 delivered a high capacitance of 252.9 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 189.1 F g−1 at 20 A g−1 in 6 M KOH. Additionally, the symmetric supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density of 7.8 W h kg−1 and good cycle stability with 92.6 % capacitance retention after 6000 charge/discharge cycles in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The good electrochemical performance makes NHPC‐800 a potential electrode material for supercapacitor.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nobiletin Derivatives as Multifunctional Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhou Licheng , Shi Ximeng , Yin Huanhuan , Huang Yi , Wang Rui , Ma Lei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe complex pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a major obstacle in its therapy. One hopeful approach is to develop multifuntional ligands. Here, a total of 23 compounds based on nobiletin structure were designed and synthesized. The neuroprotective activities were evaluated for their antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐Aβ42 (Amyloid β‐protein 42) neurotoxicity properties by MTT assays. The results demonstrated compound A12 was the most promising derivative against inflammatory (14.6±0.6 %) and cell damages induced by hydrogen peroxide (47.2±1.1 %), oxygen glucose deprivation (36.2±1.1 %) and Aβ42 (40.7±2.1 %). Molecular docking study revealed A12 formed a greater area of interactions with Aβ42 to prevent it from acquiring a beta sheet conformation for aggregation. Structure‐activity relationships revealed the introduction of hydroxyl on ring B and aurone skeleton with a five‐membered ring C could be benefit to increase their neuroprotective activities. In summary, A12 might represent a promising multifunctional neuroprotective agent against AD.
An Easy Access to Pyrogallol Derivatives Using a Practical Auxiliary
Authors: Wu Xing , Yi Songjian , Huang Yifeng , Lin Ling , Tang Yu , Feng Pengju 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a facile approach topyrogallol derivativesviaa palladium‐catalyzed bis‐C−H acetoxylation strategy with 5‐nitropyrimidine as a directing group (DG). The directing group can be easily pre‐installed and readily removed under mild condition after the coupling. In addition, the transformation is operationally simple, has high functional group tolerance, and is amenable to gram‐scale. Moreover, the 5‐nitropyrimidine is successfully used as a practical directing group that three‐step installation of directing group, ortho‐acetoxylation and removalof the directing group sequence were successfullycombined in one pot.
Code‐level model checking in the software development workflow at Amazon Web Services
Authors: Chong Nathan , Cook Byron , Eidelman Jonathan , Kallas Konstantinos , Khazem Kareem , Monteiro Felipe R. , Schwartz‐Narbonne Daniel , Tasiran Serdar , Tautschnig Michael , Tuttle Mark R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article describes a style of applying symbolic model checking developed over the course of four years at Amazon Web Services (AWS). Lessons learned are drawn from proving properties of numerous C‐based systems, for example, custom hypervisors, encryption code, boot loaders, and an IoT operating system. Using our methodology, we find that we can prove the correctness of industrial low‐level C‐based systems with reasonable effort and predictability. Furthermore, AWS developers are increasingly writing their own formal specifications. As part of this effort, we have developed a CI system that allows integration of the proofs into standard development workflows and extended the proof tools to provide better feedback to users. All proofs discussed in this article are publicly available on GitHub.
Die Digitalisierung der Zustandsüberwachung von Windenergieanlagen und Brücken im Vergleich
Authors: Kühne Jens , Gündel Max , Ebert Carsten , Colomer Carles 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBisher hat die Digitalisierung im Bauwesen überwiegend im Hinblick auf die Planungsprozesse stattgefunden. In den übrigen Phasen des Lebenszyklus eines Bauwerks wie Erstellung, Betrieb und Rückbau ist die Digitalisierung hingegen nur punktuell oder noch gar nicht erfolgt. Dabei sind gerade für die Betriebsphase digitale Technologien wie Drohnenbefliegungen mit verschiedenen optischen Sensoren und Monitoringsysteme verfügbar, mit denen ein effizienteres Wartungs‐ und Instandhaltungsmanagement erreicht werden kann. Im Bauwesen werden diese Möglichkeiten bisher nur wenig genutzt. Ganz anders sieht es in der Windbranche aus: Hier ist der Einsatz intelligenter Überwachungssysteme fester Bestandteil der Erhaltungsstrategien und Drohnenbefliegungen werden verstärkt in Inspektionskonzepte einbezogen. In diesem Beitrag werden diese digitalen Technologien an sechs Aspekten bez. ihrer Einsatzmöglichkeiten für Windenergieanlagen und Brücken diskutiert sowie Chancen und Risiken beim Technologietransfer aufgezeigt.
Evaluation of Pexion® (imepitoin) for treatment of storm anxiety in dogs: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Perdew Irina , Emke Carrie , Johnson Brianna , Dixit Vaidehi , Song Yukun , Griffith Emily H. , Watson Philip , Gruen Margaret E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: While often grouped with other noise aversions, fearful behaviour during storms is considered more complex than noise aversion alone. The objective here was to assess the effect of imepitoin for the treatment of storm anxiety in dogs.Methods: In this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomised study, eligible dogs completed a baseline then were randomised to receive either imepitoin (n = 30; 30 mg/kg BID) or placebo (n = 15) for 28 days. During storms, owners rated their dog's intensity for 16 behaviours using a Likert scale. Weekly, owners rated intensity and frequency of these behaviours. Summary scores were compared to baseline and between groups.Results and Conclusions: Imepitoin was significantly superior to placebo in storm logs and weekly surveys for weeks 2 and 4, and in the end‐of‐study survey. Mild/moderate adverse events were reported in 26 patients (24 active: two placebo); the most frequent adverse event was ataxia. Owners of dogs in the imepitoin group, compared to placebo, were significantly more likely to report that treatment reduced their dogs fear and anxiety during storms (p < 0.001) and other noise events (p < 0.001). Twice daily administration of imepitoin decreased anxiety scores in dogs with storm anxiety. Future work may evaluate optimal dosage regimens.
Uranyl Complexes with Selenium or Tellurium Containing Chelate Ligands
Authors: Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Klapötke Thomas M. , Kunz Thomas , Mayer Peter , Beck Wolfgang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe syntheses and characterization of uranyl complexes containing the OP(Se)(OEt)2− or OP(Te)(OEt)2− ligands are described. The U(VI) complexes UO2(OP(Se)(OEt)2)2(OP(NMe2)3)2 (1) and UO2(OP(Te)(OEt)2)2(OP(NMe2)3)2 (4) were prepared by the reaction of UO2(NO3)2(OP(NMe2)3)2 with the corresponding NaOP(E)(OEt)2 salt in THF (E=Se, Te). The complexes UO2(OP(Se)(OEt)2)2(OPPh3)2 (2) and UO2(OP(Se)(OEt)2)2((OAsPh3)(HOMe) (3) were prepared by the reaction of [UO2Cl2(THF)2]2 with NaOP(Se)(OEt)2 in THF solution in the presence of OPPh3 (2) or OAsPh3 (3) and recrystallised from THF (2) and HOMe (3) respectively. Although the OP(E)(OEt)2− (E=Se, Te) ligands may be able to act as bidentate chelate ligands, evidence for the weak coordination of the Se atom to the uranium(VI) centre was only observed in complexes 2 and 3. No coordination of the Te atom to the U(VI) centre in complex 4 was observed. Complexes 2–3 were characterized using vibrational (IR, Raman) spectroscopy. In addition, the structures of compounds 1–4 were determined using single crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques: Compounds 2 and 3 are examples of structurally characterized compounds containing significant U(VI)−Se interactions.