bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le rôle des outils financiers pour des populations plus résilientes
Authors: Hallegatte Stéphane 
Published: March 2021

En raison de l’augmentation continue des coûts des catastrophes naturelles, la réduction des risques est aujourd’hui une priorité (bienvenue). Toutefois, il est impossible d’éliminer complètement les dommages causés par les catastrophes : il y aura toujours des routes emportées par des inondations et des logements endommagés par des tremblements de terre. Pour réduire autant que possible l’effet des catastrophes, il est donc essentiel d’améliorer la capacité des personnes, communautés, entreprises, régions et pays à faire face aux chocs. Dit autrement, la résilience est un complément indispensable à la réduction des risques. Cet article passe en revue la large gamme des outils financiers permettant d’augmenter la résilience, avec une attention particulière portée à la situation des pays et populations les plus pauvres. Il insiste sur la nécessité de disposer d’un ensemble de solutions complémentaires pour couvrir les différents besoins, sur le rôle-clé des systèmes de protection sociale pour venir en aide aux plus pauvres et compléter les autres mécanismes assurantiels, et sur l’importance d’incorporer les risques dans les processus et les outils budgétaires des gouvernements.
Risques de transition, énergie et actifs échoués
Authors: Lepetit Michel 
Published: March 2021

Au cœur de la finance verte, le concept d’« actif échoué » appliqué à la production d’énergie est stérile, voire trompeur. La transition bas-carbone est sensée révéler des risques pour les investissements dans des actifs trop exposés aux énergies fossiles. Mais en ce qui concerne la filière du charbon thermique, la théorie des actifs échoués semble ignorer l’existence d’un traité international qui sécurise les investissements énergétiques. Du côté des actifs pétroliers, cette théorie n’intègre pas l’impact majeur des interventions des banques centrales depuis une décennie. Ces deux exemples illustrent les enjeux d’une sous-estimation du rôle crucial et systémique de l’énergie en macroéconomie.
Comment réduire les soutiens publics dommageables à l’environnement ?
Authors: Sainteny Guillaume 
Published: March 2021

La question des subventions publiques et des dépenses fiscales dommageables à l’environnement a, jusqu’ici, reçu moins d’attention que celle de la création de nouvelles taxes environnementales. Pourtant, les soutiens publics dommageables à l’environnement se chiffrent à plusieurs centaines de milliards de dollars avant taxes et a plusieurs milliers de milliards de dollars après taxes. Ils présentent de nombreux inconvénients : coût budgétaire ; entraves aux économies d’énergie ; freins aux transitions écologique et énergétique, voire au progrès technique ; faible efficience ; régressivité sociale ; sous tarification des ressources ; effets négatifs sur la santé et les balances commerciales, etc. Le lancement par l’OCDE de l’initiative Green Budgeting donne une nouvelle actualité à ce sujet.
De la compensation du carbone au financement de la neutralité
Authors: Bettin Renaud 
Published: March 2021

Dans le sillage de l’avalanche des engagements pris par les grandes entreprises à devenir un jour « neutres en carbone », le marché, jusque-là confidentiel de la compensation carbone, prépare son décollage. Réglementé dans le cadre du Protocole de Kyoto, ce mécanisme est utilisé volontairement par un nombre croissant d’acteurs privés et trouve désormais toute sa place au sein d’une stratégie carbone. Loin d’inciter à réduire à la source les émissions carbone, cet outil finance néanmoins la transition et un développement bas-carbone partout sur la planète. Pour que la confiance s’installe du côté des entreprises comme du côté des porteurs de projet, la compensation carbone doit faire sa mue. Son utilisation doit être davantage cadrée et sa perception renouvelée pour qu’enfin, nous la considérions comme ce qu’elle est vraiment : un moyen de contribuer à une neutralité carbone mondiale et collective.
Paris, je t’aime ! Quand la finance épouse les objectifs climatiques
Authors: Voisin Stéphane , Raynaud Julie , Tankov Peter 
Published: March 2021

Facteur-clé du succès de l’Accord de Paris et de sa mise en œuvre, le concept d’alignement fait référence à des méthodes utilisées par un nombre croissant d’institutions financières pour évaluer la compatibilité de leurs portefeuilles avec les objectifs de cet accord. Censées informer les investisseurs et les particuliers sur la performance climatique de leur épargne, ces démarches sont sujettes à caution en raison des nombreuses variantes dans les hypothèses sous-jacentes et du cumul d’incertitudes qui peuvent en affecter le calcul et le résultat, comme l’analyse l’étude de l’ILB Alignement Cookbook. Peu comparables, ces méthodes peuvent être utilisées à des fins de communication pour exprimer la cohérence d’une stratégie de gestion avec un engagement climatique et informer de « la température implicite » d’un portefeuille, mais elles ne sont pas aptes à servir d’indicateurs dans la gestion du risque climatique. Les allégations d’impact positif qui les accompagnent parfois sont également discutables, même si la dynamique d’alignement, adoptée à une grande échelle, peut conduire à décarboner l’économie réelle, ce qui est précisément l’objectif qui lui est assigné dans l’Accord de Paris.
L’hybridation des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines. Le cas de la fonction publique territoriale française
Authors: Desmarais Céline , Dubouloz Sandra , Bichon Arnaud 
Published: March 2021

La diffusion des principes du NMP transforme les pratiques de GRH dans le secteur public. Les transformations ainsi opérées obéissent à quatre logiques : logique de formalisation, contractualisation, individualisation et politisation. L’article s’interroge sur les conséquences de la concomitance de ces logiques sur l’hybridation des pratiques de GRH. Pour cela, deux méthodologies complémentaires ont été mobilisées : une méthodologie quantitative à travers une enquête auprès de 223 collectivités territoriales d’un département français et une méthodologie qualitative par le biais d’entretiens réalisés auprès de 25 de ces collectivités. Les résultats montrent que ces logiques cohabitent, ce qui amène à s’interroger sur les micro-négociations qui permettent cette cohabitation. Remarque à l’intention des praticiens Les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines dans les organisations publiques sont le résultat composite d’un ensemble de logiques différentes, voire contradictoires : logique d’individualisation, de contractualisation, de formalisation et de politisation. Dans les collectivités territoriales françaises, on n’observe pas une évolution commune vers un nouveau modèle unique de GRH. Ce sont principalement des dynamiques internes entre les acteurs (élus, professionnels des ressources humaines, directions…) qui expliquent la combinaison, toujours différente, de ces logiques.
9-0 Monofilament Polydioxanone (PDS): A New Synthetic Absorbable Suture for Cataract Wound Closure
Authors: Blaydes J Elliott , Werblin Theodore P 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARY
This study describes the intraoperative and postoperative performance of 9-0 monofilament Polydioxanone (PDS*) suture for cataract wound closure. This newly developed synthetic absorbable suture is designed to meet the need for a "long-term" absorbable suture material suitable for cataract wound closure following intraocular lens implantation. Polydioxanone's advantages over cu rrently used "short-term" absorbables and biodegradable nylon are described in this report.
A hybrid approach associating flow network modeling with AHP-Entropy for simulating and ranking water-demand management alternatives
Authors: Araújo Matheus Duarte de , Oliveira Rui De 
Published: March 2021

In view of the water crises historically experienced by Brazil’s semi-arid region, it is necessary to search for methodological tools that allow us to propose efficient alternatives for managing water demand. In this regard, the present study developed and applied a hybrid approach of flow network modeling and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with Shannon’s entropy for simulating and prioritizing water demand management alternatives in the Epitácio Pessoa Reservoir in the Brazilian semiarid region. The approach initially performed simulations of the hydro system flow network to explore rational alternatives that evaluated the following criteria: meet the demands of human supply, meet the demands for irrigation, maintain the reservoir above the target volume, and reduce consumption. Subsequently, Shannon's entropy was used to assess the importance of the criteria and the multicriteria analysis of ranking of alternatives was built. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the model was performed regarding the dependence on respective weights of the criteria. The results made enabled evaluation of the hydro system’s water security, highlighting insufficient supply by the single measure of water management transposition of the São Francisco River, and based on the hierarchy of alternatives, suggesting actions to improve the sustainability of water use, such as reuse of water, reduction of losses in supply systems and increasing irrigation efficiency. The proposed hybrid approach permitted the synthesis of the simulation’s results, which may simplify and support the decision-making process in water-demand management.
Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Robusta Coffee Technologies in Uganda
Authors: Luzinda Harris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. This paper draws from a cross sectional survey of 252 coffee households and 8 key informants to examine the economic, farmer and institutional factors influencing adoption of improved Robusta coffee production technologies in Uganda. Data was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. A logit model was estimated to ascertain the factors and their influence on adoption of improved coffee production technologies. Results revealed that access to credit, availability of off-farm income, level of education, labor availability and access to extension services significantly influenced adoption. Size of land holding, gender and age (of farmer) had no significant influence on adoption, suggesting that improved coffee technologies are mostly scale, gender and age-neutral. It was concluded that coffee households’ agricultural technology adoption decisions depend on their economic circumstances, farmer characteristic and institutional effectiveness. Keywords: Economic factors; Farmer characteristics; Institutional factors
Use of Artificial Diets with Plant Material to evaluate Banana Cultivars for Resistance to Cosmopolites sordidus
Authors: Bakaze Elyeza , Kiggundu Andrew , Tushemereirwe Wilberforce 
Published: March 2021

Artificial diets rapidly establish the effectiveness of chemical-based control strategies. Diets permit preliminary evaluation of active compounds, study in-vitro larval growth cycles that are usually inaccessible and produce uniform large consistent numbers of insects as needed. With no known artificial diet, banana weevils, have always been reared on field-collected banana rhizome (corm). This study, therefore, developed and examined the effect of commercial diet recipes fortified with susceptible banana corm powder on weevil growth and development. Subsequently, corm powders from different banana cultivars were also evaluated for weevil performance. Successful laboratory rearing of the weevils to adult stage on diet was achieved in 48 days compared to 36 days in the natural banana stem. The difference in weevil larvae performance reared different corm powder, presented a novel screening method for banana genotypes. For example genotypes, Culcatta-4 (AA), Cavendish (AAA) and Kayinja (ABB) showed 0-35% of adult emergences compared to 65% in susceptible genotypes. The diet developed can be used to perform rapid bioassay experimentation to screen potential candidate proteins or molecules for a transgenic approach. It has also shown potential for rapid screening of genotypes for resistance. Keywords: Resistant banana, Laboratory weevil rearing, Resistance screening.
Effect of Digestate from Rubber Processing Effluent on Soil Properties
Authors: Maliki Muniratu , Hilary Ifijen Ikhazuagbe , Emmanuel Khan Mulu 
Published: March 2021

Anaerobic digestion of rubber processing effluent (RPE) was conducted at 1:1 Effluent to Inoculums ratio to obtain biogas at a 40–day retention time. The physicochemical properties of the RPE were determined before and after anaerobic digestion. Digestate obtained thereof was used as soil amendment to investigate its bio-fertility potential. To study the effects, three kilograms (3Kg) of soil samples were separately treated with 0, 200, 400, 600 of the digested RPE. The effluent applied were thoroughly mixed with the soil, watered regularly and left for eight weeks for adequate mineralisation and equilibration. The soil physicochemical properties were determined before and after the amendment. The results from the amended soils showed that application of the digestate enhanced soil quality (as soil organic carbon, N, P, K, Ca, Na and % base saturation were significantly higher than in the control). However, the soil pH remained in the acidic region and the soil exchangeable acidity reduced.
Keywords: Digestate, soil properties, biogas, RPE.
Data transformation in biological assays
Authors: Péllico Netto Sylvio , Behling Alexandre 
Published: March 2021

The analysis of variance is the statistical test most used for comparison of three or more means simultaneously. Its application requires, however, the compliance to some assumptions, with main emphasis on normality of the data and homoscedasticity of variances. When such requirements are not met, one of the alternatives is the data transformation to enable the continuity of the experimental evaluation. With the proposition of the Tukey’s data transformation system, understood as a power transformation system, i.e. the application of nth root on a data set (X⅟n) this statistical procedure has methodologically evolved to ensure such solutions. In the present research we proposed a complement to this system, denominated here as transformation in four steps, with inclusion of two hypothesis tests to evaluate normality and homoscedasticity. This was applied on experimental data to evaluate the amount of radiation available at soil level within stands of Acacia mearnsii De Wild. We have proposed a model for data transformation to simultaneously obtain homoscedasticity and normality. The methodology was appropriate to ensure these two statistical aspects on the experimental data, allowing comparison of eight treatments by conventional analysis of variance. Index terms: Analysis of variance, homoscedasticity, normality.
Covid-19. Civic Universities, Societal Innovation and the Recovery of Local Communities
Authors: Goddard John 
Published: March 2021

Corona virus has had a differential impact on not only various age and ethnic groups but also on different localities. In many of these places, universities have hitherto acted in dual roles as key anchor and as knowledge institutions. During the crisis, many universities have worked with heath service providers, businesses, local authorities and the community and voluntary sector with real pace, skill and scale in a way that has reinforced the trust and confidence of local people in their universities. Whilst the immediate focus has been on the contribution of the medical and life sciences, civically minded universities have also drawn on the social sciences to help public authorities address the challenges of economic and social recovery in a more sustainable and inclusive way. This has required them to put citizens at the heart of placed based societal innovation. Going forward universities and their funders must learn from the good they have done during the health crises and then seek to build a ‘new normal’ based on values rather than on quasi-artificial performance metrics. A values approach would embed a university more strongly within local government structures where it could then benefit from political influence and financial systems. Firms of all sizes and from all places, local and national would then be much more aware of the contribution universities can make to society in the round.
FROM THE HISTORY OF OSSETIC WRITING. G.V. BAEV’S MEMORANDUM OF 1925
Authors: ТОМЕЛЛЕРИ В.С. 
Published: March 2021

Настоящая статья содержит ранее не публиковавшийся и неизвестный меморандум Г.В. Баева, который теперь хранится в его личном архиве (Берлин, Национальная библиотека). В этом коротком тексте (всего восемь страниц), написанном на русском языке в 1925 году и адресованном Исполнительному комитету Северо-Осетинской Автономной Области, автор выражает свое негативное мнение о введении латинского алфавита в Осетии, излагая культурные и практические причины предпочтения им кириллицы, которая впервые использовалась, в гражданском варианте, в осетинской грамматике, составленной академиком А.М. Шегреном в 1844 году. Издание меморандума основывается на двух практически идентичных машинописных черновиках и преследует две главные цели: сделать этот текст доступным для более широкой академической публики и, следовательно, стимулировать поиск оригинального текста в архивах Республики Северная Осетия-Алания.
The present article features a hitherto unpublished and unknown memorandum by G.V. Baev, now kept in his personal archive (Berlin, National Library). In this short text (eight pages), written in Russian in 1925 and addressed to the executive committee of the North Ossetian autonomous region, G.V. Baev expresses his negative opinion about the introduction of a Latin-based alphabet in Ossetia and exposes the cultural and practical reasons of his preference of the Cyrillic script, firstly used, in the civil typeface, in the Ossetic grammar composed by the academician A.M. Sjögren in 1844. The edition of the memorandum is based on two almost identical machine-type drafts and has two major aims: to make this text available to a broader academic audience and, as a consequence, to stimulate the search of the original text in the archives of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.
«На острове Патмос»: отшельник С.И. Калмыков
Authors: Chudinovskaya T.G. 
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the work of Sergei Kalmykov, a Russian artist, illustrator, decorator, and writer. His art career started in the 1910s in Saint-Petersburg and later he called himself as “the last avant-garde of the first draft”, being aside of the mainstream of the development of Russian art. His free art was like a diary, like an endless dialog with himself. Each of his paintings from this monologue is a fragment tear out from one whole. The author interprets the painting “On the Island of Patmos” on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach that combines the principles of art history, cultural studies and mythopoetic analysis of a work of art. The study shows how complex his 'web' of creating thinking is and how it unexpected and deeply intertwined in one cultural field with other artists (Velimir Khlebnikov, Robert Lax) and even with religious images of almost two thousand years ago (John the Theologian).
Статья посвящена творчеству Сергея Ивановича Калмыкова, русского художника, иллюстратора, декоратора, писателя. Начав свой творческий путь в 1910-е годы в петербургской художественной среде, он впоследствии сам себя называл «последним авангардистом первого призыва», оказавшись на задворках главенствующей линии развития отечественного искусства. Его свободное творчество представляло собой форму дневника, бесконечного одинокого разговора с самим собой. Каждая его картина из этого монолога — вырванный фрагмент из одного целого. На основе междисциплинарного подхода, сочетающего искусствоведческий, культурологический и мифопоэтический принципы анализа художественного произведения, автор статьи интерпретирует картину «На острове Патмос». Исследование демонстрирует, как сложна «паутина» творческого мышления, нити которого ткутся посредством художественного сознания и переплетаются самым неожиданным образом в общем культурном поле с другими творческими судьбами (Велимир Хлебников, Роберт Лакс) и даже с религиозными образами почти двухтысячелетней давности (Иоанн Богослов).
Коллекция документов Ивана Абрамовича Морозова в отделе рукописей Государственного музея изобразительных искусств им. А.С. Пушкина
Authors: Alexandrova N.V. 
Published: March 2021

The famous collections of new art works of the late 19th – early 20th centuries of the great collectors S.I. Shchukin and I.A. Morozov have a pronounced individual character. The documentary materials of these collectors, stored in the Department of manuscripts of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, are also distinct. The preservation, number and typology of documents reflect not only the personality and fate of the collectors, but also the history of the country. The first special address to the history of formation and the composition of I.A. Morozov's documents collection complements the collector's way and the fate of his collection. Leaving practically no personal and family documents, I.A. Morozov carefully handed over business papers to the museum curators, confirming the immaculate provenance of his collection. Drawing attention to personal provenance funds brings to the fore the importance of their acquisition and preservation.
Знаменитые собрания произведений нового искусства конца XIX – начала XX века великих коллекционеров С.И. Щукина и И.А. Морозова носят ярко выраженный индивидуальный характер. Также непохожи и документальные материалы этих собирателей, хранящиеся в отделе рукописей Государственного музея изобразительных искусств им. А.С. Пушкина. Сохранность, численность и типология документов отражают не только личность и судьбу коллекционеров, но и историю страны. Первое специальное обращение к истории формирования и составу коллекции документов И.А. Морозова дополняет коллекционерский путь собирателя и судьбу его коллекции. Не оставив практически никаких личных и семейных документов, И.А. Морозов бережно передал музейным хранителям деловые бумаги, подтверждающие безупречный провенанс его коллекции. Привлечение внимания к фондам личного происхождения актуализирует важность их комплектования и сохранения.