bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevance of Presenting Risks of Frailty, Sarcopaenia and Osteopaenia to Outcomes From Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Authors: Lim Jia Xu , Lim Yuan Guang , Kumar A Aravin , Cheong Tien Meng , Han Julian Xinguang , Chen Min Wei , Wen David Wei , Lim Winston Eng Hoe , Ng Ivan Hua Bak , Ng Vincent Yew Poh , Kirollos Ramez , Keong Nicole Chwee Har 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
IntroductionAneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a condition with significant morbidity and mortality. In the context of acute brain injury, frailty, sarcopaenia and osteopaenia have become increasing concerns. Multiple indices have been devised in various surgical specialties to predict outcome and guide management. In this study, we examined whether such markers have relevance towards outcomes from acute brain conditions, such as aSAH. MethodsAn observational study in a tertiary neurosurgical unit on 51 consecutive patients with ruptured aSAH was performed. We compared various frailty indices (modified frailty index 11, and 5, and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program score [NSQIP]), temporalis (TMT) and zygoma thickness (markers of sarcopaenia and osteopaenia), against traditional markers (age, World Federation of Neurological Surgery and modified Fisher scale [MFS]) for aSAH outcomes. ResultsTMT was the best performing marker in our cohort with an AUC of 0.82, Somers’ D statistic of 0.63 and Tau statistic 0.25. Of the frailty scores, the NSQIP performed the best (AUC 0.69, Somer’s D 0.40, Tau 0.16), at levels comparable to traditional markers of aSAH, such as MFS (AUC 0.68, Somer’s D 0.43, Tau 0.17). After multivariate analysis, patients with TMT ≥5.5mm (defined as non-frail), were less likely to experience complications (OR 0.20 [0.06 – 0.069], p = 0.011), and had a larger proportion of favourable mRS on discharge (95.0% vs. 58.1%, p = 0.024) and at 3-months (95.0% vs. 64.5%, p = 0.048). However, the gap between unfavourable and favourable mRS was insignificant at the comparison of 1-year outcomes. ConclusionTMT, as a marker of sarcopaenia, correlated well with the presenting status, and outcomes of aSAH. Frailty, as defined by NSQIP, performed at levels equivalent to aSAH scores of clinical relevance, suggesting that, in patients presenting with acute brain injury, both non-neurological and neurological factors were complementary in the determination of eventual clinical outcomes. Further validation of these markers, in addition to exploration of other relevant frailty indices, may help to better prognosticate aSAH outcomes and allow for a precision medicine approach to decision making and optimization of best outcomes Trial registrationNot applicable
Quantifying human and environmental viral load relationships amidst mitigation strategies in a controlled chamber with participants having COVID-19
Authors: Parhizkar Hooman , Dietz Leslie , Olsen-Martinez Andreas , Horve Patrick , Barnatan Liliana , Northcutt Dale , Wymelenberg Kevin Van Den 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Several studies indicate that COVID-19 is primarily transmitted within indoor spaces. Therefore, environmental characterization of SARS-CoV-2 viral load with respect to human activity, building parameters, and environmental mitigation strategies is critical to combat disease transmission. We recruited 11 participants diagnosed with COVID-19 to individually occupy a controlled chamber and conduct specified physical activities under a range of environmental conditions; we collected human and environmental samples over a period of three days for each participant. Here we show that increased viral load, measured by lower RNA cycle threshold (CT) values, in nasal samples is associated with higher viral loads in environmental aerosols and surfaces captured in both the near field (1.2 m) and far field (3.5 m). At ambient conditions with ~ 0 Air Changes per Hour (ACH), near field measurements showed a higher particulate matter abundance and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration as compared to far field measurements. We also found that aerosol viral load in far field is correlated with the number of particulates within the range of 1 µm -2.5 µm. Furthermore, increased ventilation and filtration are associated with lower environmental viral loads, and higher relative humidity is associated with lower aerosol viral loads and higher surface viral loads, consistent with an increased rate of particle deposition. Data from near field aerosol trials with high expiratory activities suggest that respiratory particles of smaller sizes (0.3 µm -1 µm) best characterize the variance of near field aerosol viral load. Moreover, our findings indicate that building operation practices such as ventilation, filtration, and humidification substantially reduce the environmental aerosol viral load, and therefore inhalation dose, and should be prioritized to improve building health and safety.
Back Into the Wild: Feces DNA Analyses Track the Return of a Beluga Whale Back to Its Natural Environment
Authors: Günther Babett , Jourdain Eve , Rubincam Lindsay , Karoliussen Richard , Cox Sam , Arnaud-Haon Sophie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Following the sudden appearance, and subsequent rehabilitation of an assumed previously captive beluga whale off the coast of Norway, we investigate the animal’s ability to readapt to life in the wild. Using DNA analysis, a survey was set up to assess diet throughout the rehabilitation process, and during a return to wild foraging when rehabilitative feeding had ceased. Metabarcoding of collected feces, confirmed the diversification of the beluga whale’s diet to local prey. These findings are indicative of improved foraging behavior, and the ability of this individual to readapt to life in the wild following a period of rehabilitation. Beyond the case study presented here, we demonstrate the power of DNA analysis as a non-intrusive tool to assess the diet of large mammals, and assess progress adapting to life in the wild following release from captivity and rehabilitation programs.
Characterization of LC-MS Based Urine Metabolomics in Healthy Children and Adults
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Tian Xiaoyi , Shi Qinghong , Sun Haidan , Li Jing , Tang Xiaoyue , Guo Zhengguang , Liu Ying , Ma Jie , Ren Na , Jin Fang , He Chengyan , Song Wenqi , Sun Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Previous studies reported that gender, age, diets or lifestyles could influence urine metabolomics, which should be considered in biomarker discovery. As a consequence, for the baseline of urine metabolomics characteristics, it becomes critical to avoid confounding effects in clinical cohort studies. In this study, we provided a comprehensive characterization of urine metabolomics in a cohort of 348 healthy children (Aged 1~18) and 315 adults (Aged 20-78) for evaluation gender and age effects. Our results suggested that urine metabolites showed larger gender differences in children than in adults. For both male/boy and female/girl, each age group showed specific metabolic characterization. Especially, the pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis and alanine metabolism pathways were enriched in early life. Androgen and estrogen metabolism showed high activity during adolescence and youth stages. Pyrimidine metabolism was enriched in the old stage. This work could help us understand the baseline of urine metabolism characteristics and contribute to further studies of clinical disease biomarker discovery.
Investigating students attitudes and preferences towards disaster learning multimedia to enhance preparedness
Authors: Krnjić Ivanka , Cvetković Vladimir M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents quantitative research results regarding students’ attitudes and preferences towards disaster learning multimedia to enhance preparedness. The research was conducted during February and March 2021, where the respondents' answers were collected by sending an online survey questionnaire electronically to the email addresses of high schools. The general hypothesis refers to verifying the claim that the application of multimedia in the education of children in schools about disasters ensures that students are acquainted with disasters and develop skills for safety and risk management in case of disasters. The regression model within the conducted research confirmed that the education of students through multimedia has the most significant impact on safety and risk management in disasters. Future directions of research in this field should move towards the analysis of different simulation models that can be of great help to acquaint students with the dangers arising from disasters. Given that simulation has proven to be an effective tool in acquiring knowledge, their application in educating students about disasters would inevitably have significant effects.
Muslim Communities Learning About Second-hand Smoke in Bangladesh (MCLASS II): a combined evidence and theory-based plus partnership intervention development approach.
Authors: Kellar Ian , Azdi Zunayed Al , Jackson Cath , Huque Rumana , Md Noreen Dadirai , Siddiqi Kamran , Team II Trial 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
IntroductionDeaths from second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure are increasing but there is not sufficient evidence to recommend a particular SHS intervention or intervention development approach. Despite the available guidance on intervention reporting, and on the role and nature of pilot and feasibility studies, partial reporting of SHS interventions SHS interventions is common. The decision-making while developing such interventions is often under-reported. This paper describes the processes and decisions employed during transitioning from the aim of adapting an existing mosque-based intervention focused on public health messages, to the development of the content of novel community-based Smoke Free Home (SFH) intervention, that aims to promote smoke-free homes to reduce non-smokers’ exposure to SHS in the home via faith-based messages.MethodsThe development of the SFH intervention had four sequential phases: in-depth interviews with adults in households in Dhaka; identification of an intervention programme theory and content with Islamic scholars from the Bangladesh Islamic Foundation (BIF); user testing of candidate intervention content with adults, and iterative intervention development workshops with Imams and khatibs who trained at the BIF.Resultsit was judged inappropriate to take an intervention adaptation approach. Identification of an intervention programme theory and collaborating with stakeholders in an iterative and collaborative process to identify barriers to the delivery and acceptability of intervention content was feasible.ConclusionThe potential of this community-based intervention to reduce SHS exposure at home and improve lung health among non-smokers in Bangladesh is the result of an iterative and collaborative process. It is the result of the integration of behaviour change evidence and theory, and community stakeholder contributions to the production of the intervention content. This novel combination of intervention development frameworks demonstrates a flexible approach that could provide insights for intervention development in related contexts.FundingMedical Research Council UK under the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases research programme. Grant number MR/P008941/1.
Evaluation of cellular and molecular and anti-apoptotic effects of lipid nanoparticle-containing Artemisia extract in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Aboutalebi Farnaz , Teimouri Maryam , Pooladi Mehdi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth reason for the woman's death. When cells get malignant changes in one or both ovaries, ovarian cancer gets formed. This kind of cancer when it is under control, it influenced the fertility of the patient. Artemisia Aucheri Boiss is used for most of the diseases to be healed. Due to the importance of ovarian cancer and the potential of anti-Apoptotic of Artemisia Aucheri Boiss, in this research the extraction of this plant in lipid nanoparticles with the target of cellular and molecular effects and anti Apoptotic loaded on the ovarian cancer cells. In this examination, first nanoparticles containing Artemisia extraction were synthesized by homogenizer plus sonication and subsequently their physical and chemical properties were determined like (size and shape of particles, description of particles, zeta potential, rate of efficiency of essential oil. Then the anti Apoptotic effect of lipid nanoparticle-containing Artemisia extraction in ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3 line) was determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis.Results of the cellular effects of lipid nanoparticle-containing extraction of the plant on the ovarian cancer cells show that the increase of viscosity of lipid nanoparticle containing the essence of this plant led to disease in the viability of ovarian cancer cells compared to pure essence. It seem that lipid nanoparticles appear to activate the apoptotic pathway in ovarian cancer cells.
Revolution auf der Bühne
Authors: Mayer Johannes , Kretzschmar Franca 
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
Setzt man bei der Darstellung revolutionärer Prozesse im Kindertheater in den 1960/70er Jahren an, so liegt der Fokus auf einer Zeit gesellschaftlicher Umbrüche und politisch-sozialer Bewegungen, die für die Geschichte des Kinder- und Jugendtheaters von besonderer Bedeutung ist (vgl. Schneider 1984). Wie andere Intellektuelle und KünstlerInnen auch wurden Theaterschaffende von den Protesten und dem Klima der Veränderung und des Aufbruchs vielfältig angeregt.
Revolution On StageInsights into the Conditions, Developments and Effects of Emancipatory Children’s Theatre
This article provides an overview of the origin and development of emancipatory children’s theatre in the 1960s and 1970s in Western Germany. The modification of structures in children’s theatre is analysed based on a taxonomy of changes in themes, forms and functions. The analysis shows an increasing politicisation of scripts and plays in theatres for the young and the foundation of new theatres and groups with mainly political goals like GRIPS and Rote Grütze. New formats like Mitspiel [playing along-], Mitmach [participating-] and Vorführ [demonstrating-] theatre emerged alongside the ideas of the German student movement of 1968. Children’s theatres became places for developing a critical perspective on society with major innovations being presented first in independent theatre groups and later adopted in modified forms in municipal theatres. This shift of emphasis still affects contemporary children's and youth theatre. These days, theatres and theatre groups producing professional children's and youth theatre are located in most German cities. Theatre work for young audiences takes a variety of forms and genres, deals with a diversity of themes and includes the participation of the audience and their experiences. Current political affairs and issues of interest and relevance to today’s youth are still at the centre of the theatre productions; however, the focus nowadays is less instructional.
Colonising the Play World
Authors: Simpson Patricia Anne 
Published: September 2021

In German children’s literature around 1900, the representation of childhood in pseudo-colonial realms participates in a construction of racial identities based on transcultural play. Acts of reading and scenes of instruction intersect with material objects to convey a pedagogy of race dominated by learned whiteness. This article asks: How does German children’s fiction around 1900 reconfigure national identity as imperialexperience? An analysis of a noncanonical though exemplary fictional text about a jungle adventure demonstrates strategies used to include the child in the colonial experience. Imagining this ›play world‹ replicates for the child reader a sense of agency and citizenship through encounters with an indigenous mediator, an impish primate and imaginary landscapes – each represented through the lens of European epistemologies. These tropes produce tension between historical fact and imaginative fiction, working together to map a colonial geography of German identity on to a model transatlantic German childhood. Framed by theories of material objects and toys, and supported by the work of literary scholars and cultural historians, I examine the brief story »Die kleine Urwälderin« [The Little Jungle Girl] from Auerbachs Deutscher Kinder-Kalender auf das Jahr 1902 [Auerbach’s Almanac for German Children, 1902]. In it, the Amazonian setting aspires to historically factual representation, which, however, cedes considerable territory to the realm of fantasy. The projection of a German forest adventure on to a Brazilian geography elides historical truths, such as centuries of the transatlantic slave trade, and instead inserts imperial signifiers into an established syntax of the European child at play. The resulting national ideology of childhood identity in this German language story imposes colonial order on a reimagined play world.
»A Dream of a Dream«
Authors: Nowotny Joanna 
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
In Franz Hohlers Tschipo (1978), dem ersten Teil einer Trilogie, erlebt ein Schweizer Junge Abenteuer auf seltsamen Inseln. Und in Maggie Stiefvaters Serien The Raven Cycle (2012 – 2016) und The Dreamer Trilogy (2019 – ) bekämpft ein amerikanischer junger Erwachsener mit Namen Ronan Lynch magische Gefahren. Was haben Tschipo und Ronan gemeinsam? Eine seltsame Gabe: Von ihren Träumen bleibt am Morgen etwas zurück.

»A Dream of a Dream«Dreaming as a Metafictional Device in Children’s and Young Adult Literature
This article analyses the relationship between dreaming, art and identity in Franz Hohler’s Tschipo (1978) and Maggie Stiefvater’s The Raven Cycle (2012 – 2016) and The Dreamer Trilogy (2019 – ). At the centres of their fictional universes lies the fantastic ability of specific characters to take things out of their dreams; an ability which is both a plot element and a narrative principle. In Tschipo, dreaming is used in analogy to storytelling, with the storyteller inventing worlds that are so vibrant that the audience is unable to discern what is ›real‹ and what is ›just‹ invented or dreamed. In Stiefvater’s books, the character of the dreamer is revealed to be a kind of artist who thrives on the thrill of creation and transgression. In all the texts, the concept of taking things out of dreams is transgressive on two levels: Formally, it is used to subvert traditional storytelling and to question the role of the narrator. In terms of plot, it is employed in order to articulate nonnormative identities, lifestyles and desires. By using dreaming as a central narrative device, Tschipo, The Raven Cycle and The Dreamer Trilogy are therefore highly metafictional, revealing that literature addressed to younger audiences participates in a cultural conversation about fact and fiction, and draws on narrative strategies similar to those employed in literature addressed to adults.
Methods for increasing the efficiency of hydrocephalus treatment in neonatal practice
Authors: Volkodav O. V. , Khachatryan V. A. 
Published: September 2021

Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in newborns with ventricular occlusion leads to decompensation of CSF dynamics with a high risk of neurological disorders and child disability.Objective. To improve the effectiveness of treatment of hydrocephalus in newborns.Characteristics of children and research methods. The authors analyzed the treatment of hydrocephalus in 327 newborns in 2000– 2018. 184children (Group 1)underwent standard treatment with lumbar and ventricular punctures with 20-22G needles, and with progression of hydrocephalus – ventriculo-subgaleal drainage and ventriculo-peritoneal shunting. 143 children (Group 2) with ventricular occlusion underwentcomplex treatment with coronary-transluminal subarachnoventriculostomy (RF patent No. 2715535) and ventricular drainage with a ventriculo-subarachnoid stenting system (RF patent No. 2721455).Results. The effectiveness of treatment with the inclusion of the proposed options is improvedby eliminatingocclusion, restoring circulation and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid, prolonged sanitation of cerebrospinal fluid with isotonic sodium chloridesolution. A positive result with compensation for hydrocephalus was achievedin 75,4% of cases versus 28,2% with the «standard» protocol (p <0,001).Compensation of hydrocephalus was accompanied by regression of hypertensive symptoms, stabilization of the ventricular size. The authors demonstrate a decrease in the timethe child spent in the hospital after surgery to 3-6 weeks with dynamic observation after discharge in the follow-up room, neurovisual monitoring.>Conclusion. The data obtained allowus to consider the effectiveness of the inclusion of the proposed options in the modern algorithm for the treatment of hydrocephalus in newborns, to expand the possibilities for early rehabilitation and restorative treatment together with pediatricneurologists and doctors of related specialties.
Scale precipitation on HDPE pipe by degassing of CO2 dissolved in water
Authors: Ketrane Rachid , Yahiaoui Celia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In Algeria, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is widely used in drinking water pipes. This study is focused on the precipitation of calcium carbonate, a major constituent of scale, from calcocarbonically pure (CCP) water in HDPE pipe. Studying scaling in natural conditions is very difficult because it occurs over many years. For this, accelerated scaling is caused by the degassing CO2 dissolved in water. The kinetic study has shown that the germination time and the critical pH decrease with the hardness (30, 40 and 50 °f) and temperature (30, 40 and 50 °C) of water. On the other hand, scaling process efficiency (η) and the supersaturation coefficient (Ωcal) of CaCO3 increase with these parameters. The CaCO3 precipitation occurs both in solution and on walls of HDPE. By the weighing method, it is shown that the deposit mass increases with hardness and temperature. Calcium carbonate precipitates much more in homogeneous phase than in heterogeneous one. The study also showed that heterogeneous nucleation on HDPE is much less important than on PA, PVC, chrome and Inox. These measurements are supported by the characterization of X-ray diffraction deposits and by scanning electron microscopy, which recognizes that the precipitate obtained consists mainly of calcite.