bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Various Laser Wavelengths in the Treatment of Clinically Significant Macular Edema in Diabetics
Authors: Gupta Vishali , Gupta Amod , Kaur Ravinder , Narang Subina , Dogra Mangat R 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare various laser wavelengths: argon green (514 nm), vs krypton red (647 nm), vs frequency doubled Nd:YAG (532 nm), and vs diode (810 nm), for laser photocoagulation treatment in clinically significant macular edema (CSME) in diabetics.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four different wavelengths were used to sequentially treat 271 eyes of 164 diabetic patients with CSME. Follow up was conducted for a minimum of 6 months (9.8 ± 1.3 months). Retreatment was performed if residual edema involving the foveal avascular zone persisted at 3 months.
* RESULTS: Reduction/elimination of CSME was observed in 93.3% of argon-treated eyes, 88.5% in krypton red group, 92.9% with frequency doubled Nd:YAG, and 84.8% with diode laser with no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05 for all groups). The number of eyes requiring retreatment was highest with the diode laser having 44.3% of eyes requiring retreatment and least with frequency doubled Nd:YAG having only 15.5% of eyes requiring retreatment (P = 0.0002).
* CONCLUSIONS: All lasers are equally effective in reducing/eliminating CSME. However, Nd:YAG may have an advantage because of requiring fewer retreatments.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:397-405]
High Volume Sutureless Intraocular Lens Surgery in a Rural Eye Camp in India
Authors: Balent Linda Civerchia , Narendrum Kalpana , Patel Surekha , Kar Sumit , Patterson David A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of small incision sutureless cataract surgery (SISCS) that permits high-volume, high-quality, and low-cost surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: We compared the speed, safety, and visual results of 1 1 90 surgical techniques performed in a public eye camp in India. Intraocular lenses were received by 97% of patients (1154). Surgical techniques used were SISCS, phacoemulsification, and standard extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) technique.
* RESULTS: Postoperatively, 60.0% attained uncorrected vision of 6/24 or better. There was little difference in visual results or complication rates among the three techniques. The most striking finding is the speed of SISCS, which enables experienced surgeons to perform the technique in 3.8 to 4.2 minutes.
* CONCLUSION: We believe this surgical technique is of major importance especially in developing nations facing enormous surgical volumes and limited resources.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:446-455]
Subretinal, Viscoelastic-Assisted, Endoscope-Guided Photothermal Ablation of Choroidal Neovascular Membranes by Erbium:YAG Laser
Authors: Quiroz-Mercado Hugo , Yeshurun Itamar , Sanchez-Buefil Ermilo , Guerrero-Naranjo Jose L , Luloh Peter , Mercellino George R 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The effi cacy of endoscope-guided erbium: YAG laser, assisted by viscoelastic macular detachment, in subretinal ablation of choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVs) is evaluated.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A high-repetition, midinfrared erbium:YAG laser was used subretinally to ablate CNVs in 2 patients. Ablation followed pars plana vitrectomy and macular retinal detachment using a viscoelastic substance, and was guided by a high resolution endoscope.
* RESULTS: Visual acuity improved from 6/90 to 6/20, six months after treatment in 1 patient, and from finger counting from 1 meter to 6/30, three months after treatment in the other. The membranes showed no angiographic signs of activity postoperatively. However, a zone of stippled hyperfluorescence appeared in both patients, corresponding with the macular detachment area. This gradually diminished in size in both patients.
* CONCLUSIONS: The surgical procedure was found effective in our preliminary research. The use of viscoelastic substance and endoscope is felt to contribute to the favorable outcome. The cause and significance of the retinal pigment epithelium damage are yet to be determined.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:456-463]
Combined Cataract Surgery and Vitrectomy for Breakthrough Vitreous Hemorrhage from Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Chaudhry Nauman A , Flynn Harry W , Murray Timothy G , Belfort Armando 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE: To report combined cataract extraction (CE), posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation, and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for concurrent cataract and breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage from age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
METHODS: Retrospective case series.
RESULTS: Six eyes were included in the study. The postoperative follow-up interval ranged from 3 to 22 months (mean 8 months). Preoperative visual acuity (VA) ranged from 20/400 to hand motion. Postoperatively, 5/6 eyes had 2 or more lines of visual improvement. Three eyes were better than 20/200.
CONCLUSIONS: Combined CE, PCIOL insertion, and PPV in selected patients with cataract and breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage from AMD was successful in improving VA in the majority of patients.
[OphtJaalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:16-18]
Comparison of Double-Plate Molteno and Ahmed Glaucoma Valve in Patients With Advanced Uncontrolled Glaucoma
Authors: Ayyala Ramesh S , Zurakowski David , Monshizadeh R , Hong Chian-Huey , Richards David , Layden William E , Hutchinson B T , Bellows A R 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare double-plate Molteno (DPM) with the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) in the treatment of eyes with complicated glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: This matched, retrospective, case-controi study was based on diagnosis, number of previous operations, and age. There were 30 patients in each group and only patients with a minimum of 6 months follow up were included. Doubleplate Molteno or Ahmed glaucoma valve insertion was performed on each patient to control intractable glaucoma. Success was defined as IOP <22 mm Hg and >4 mm Hg on the last two visits, a decrease of no more than 2 lines in the visual acuity, and no additional surgical intervention to control IOP.
* RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier estimated probability of success at 12 and 24 months was 73% and 56% with DPM and 60% and 50% for AGV (P = 0.72). Mean IOP measured 13.36 ± 5.2 mm Hg following DPM and 16.7 ± 5.6 mm Hg following AGV at 12 months (P = 0.026) and 13.3 ± 5.1 mm Hg with DPM and 19 ± 5.8 mm Hg with AGV at 24 months (P - 0.009). Of the patients involved in the study, 83.5% exhibited hypertensive phase (HP) of AGV vs 43.5% of DPM (P = 0.04). AGV had a tendency to fail earlier (5 months ± 7 following AGV vs 13 months ± 13 following DPM, P = 0.07, t-test). Patients with either a second valve insertion or valve removal were 7/30 of AGV vs 1/30 in DPM (P = 0.05). Stent removal was needed by 10/30 DPM and 8/30 AGV had needling/5-FU.
* CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of patients free from failure was similar between the two groups at 36 months. DPM is associated with lower mean IOP in the long term compared to AGV.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002:33:94-101]
Topographic Mapping of Glaucomatous Visual Field Defects to Scanning Laser Polarimetry of the Peripapillary Nerve Fiber Layer
Authors: Shields Jerry R , Chen Philip P , Mills Richard P 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To map retinal sensitivity values within glaucomatous visual field defects (VFD) to corresponding values of scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer using the Wirtschafter disc sector classification.
METHODS: Eyes with glaucomatous VFD (N = 28) underwent SLP and Humphrey automated perimetry. The Wirtschafter disc sector classification was used to obtain SLP values corresponding to VFD. The average and modulated SLP values were calculated and correlated with VFD.
RESULTS: No significant correlation was found between retinal sensitivity and the Wirtschafter disc sector SLP values, using average values (P =.904) or modulated values (P =.409).
CONCLUSION: Despite use of modulation parameters customized to correspond with the Wirtschafter disc sector classification, topographic mapping of retinal sensitivity levels within glaucomatous VFD to corresponding SLP values was not possible in this group of glaucomatous eyes.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:123-126]
Bilateral Macular Hole Formation in a Patient With Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Rao P Kumar , Shah Gaurav , Blinder Kevin J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 47-year-old woman known to have retinitis pigmentosa (RP) developed macular holes in each eye. Examination and fluorescein angiography demonstrated a partial thickness macular hole in the right eye and a full thickness one in the left eye. It was concluded that macular hole formation can occur in patients with RP, but the exact cause of macular hole development in these patients is uncertain.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:152-154]
Filtering Bleb Modification With a THC:YAG (Holmium) Laser
Authors: Iwach Andrew G , Delgado Maria F , Adachi Misato , Makarewycz Motryja , Wong Patricia , Nguyen Ngoc 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To present a method for remodeling oversized blebs using the THC: YAG laser and describe its use in treating hypotony and bleb leaks.
* METHODS: Retrospective medical record review of 13 patients who underwent holmium laser bleb revision.
* RESULTS: Thirteen eyes of 13 patients were analyzed. All the patients had an oversized bleb and 2 patients presented an associated late-onset leaking bleb. Mean preoperative IOP was 4.1 mm Hg. THCYAG laser energy was applied to the bleb to remodel and/or close the leak. After a mean follow up of 17.3 months, the mean IOP was 7.84 mm Hg ± 2.3. Postsurgery complications included hyphema and the inadvertent rupture of a conjunctival microcyst. Visual acuity improved in 9 of the eyes and remained stable in 4 of the eyes.
* CONCLUSION: The THCYAG laser can be used effectively to sculpt large blebs, reduce symptoms associated with large blebs, increase IOP in hypotonous eyes, and under specific circumstances, close bleb leaks. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:181-187]
Results of Vitrectomy in Terson Syndrome
Authors: Sharma Tarun , Gopal Lingam , Biswas Jyotirmay , Shanmugam Mahesh P , Bhende Pramod S , Agrawal Rajat , Shetty Nitin S , Sanduja Neeraj 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND: To report visual results of vitrectomy in Terson syndrome
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 11 patients, 15 eyes underwent vitreous surgery for Terson syndrome. The mean follow up was 1 8.3 months.
* RESULTS: An incomplete posterior vitreous separation was noted in 10 eyes (66.7%). An epiretinal membrane was present in 4 eyes (26.7%), and in 3 eyes, a retinal fold along the arcade was noticed. Significant visual improvement occurred in all eyes; visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 14 eyes (93.3%). Only 3 eyes developed lens opacity after surgery.
* CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy in Terson syndrome provides excellent visual recovery. The complication rate, including the development of cataract, is low.
[Ophthamic Surg Lasers 2002;33:195-199]
An Investigation of CO2 Laser Scleral Buckling Using Moiré Interferometry
Authors: Maswadi Saher M , Dyer Peter E , Verma Dinesh , Jalabi Wadah , Dave Dinesh 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate suitability of moiré interferometry to assess and quantify laser-induced shrinkage of scleral collagen for buckling procedures.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Scleral buckling of human cadaver eyes was investigated using a Coherent Ultrapulse CO2 laser. Projection moiré interferometry was employed to determine the out-of plane displacement produced by laser exposure, and in-situ optical microscopy of reference markers on the eye was used to measure in-plane shrinkage.
* RESULTS: Measurements based on moiré interferometry allow a three dimensional view of shape changes in the eye surface as laser treatment proceeds. Out-of-plane displacement reaches up to 1.5 mm with a single laser spot exposure. In-plane shrinkage reached a maximum of around 30%, which is similar to that reported by Sasoh et al Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 1998;29:410) for a Tm: YAG laser.
* CONCLUSION: The moiré technique is found to be suitable for quantifying the effects of CO2 laser scleral shrinkage and buckling. This can be further developed to provide a standardized method for experimental investigations of other laser sources for scleral shrinkage.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:221-227]
Topical Anesthesia With Sedation in Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation Combined With 2-Port Pars Plana Vitrectomy in 105 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Yepez Juan B , de Yepez Jazmin Cedeno , Azar-Arevalo Oly , Arevalo J Fernando 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of topical anesthesia as an alternative to peribulbar or retrobulbar anesthesia in phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation combined with our modified 2-port pars plana vitrectomy technique (phacovitrectomy).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Phacovitrectomy using topical anesthesia (4% lidocaine drops) was prospectively performed in 105 eyes with cataract and varied vitreoretinal pathology. In 75 eyes (71.4%), phacovitrectomy was combined with argon laser photocoagulation (endolaser). Preoperative and intraoperative sedation of varying degrees was necessary. Subjective pain and discomfort were graded from 1 (no pain or discomfort) to 4 (severe pain and discomfort).
* RESULTS: All patients had grade 1 pain and discomfort during most of the procedure. All patients had grade 2 (mild) pain and discomfort during pars plana sclerotomies, external bipolar cautery, and conjunctival closure. No patient required additional retrobulbar, peribulbar, or sub-Tenon's anesthesia.
* CONCLUSION: This technique avoids the risk of globe perforation, retrobulbar hemorrhage, and prolonged postoperative akinesia of the eye. With appropriate case selection, topical anesthesia is a safe and effective alternative to peribulbar or retrobulbar anesthesia in phacovitrectomy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:293-297]
Subconjunctival Dislocation of an Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lens
Authors: Kumar Atul , Nainiwal Sanjeev K , Dada Tanuj , Ray Manotosh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Post-traumatic dislocation of an intraocular lens (IOL) is a serious complication, especially after a blunt trauma because the posterior chamber lenses can potentially dislocate subconjunctively. We report a case of subconjunctival dislocation of a Kelman multiflex AC IOL. Such cases require immediate wound repair with IOL explantation to prevent endophthalmitis.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:319-320]
Retinal Microaneurysmal Closure Following Focal Laser Photocoagulation in Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Gogi Devina , Gupta Amod , Gupta Vishali , Pandav S S , Dogra M R 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To determine the temporal relationship of microaneurysmal closure following focal laser photocoagulation in diabetic macular edema.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 25 eyes of 23 diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema. Ten to 20 weU-defined microaneurysms were preselected and marked on an enlarged photograph of the prelaser fundus fluorescein angiogram. These preselected microaneurysms were focally lasered and followed up angiographically at 48 hours, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after photocoagulation. Thereafter, the average time span between photocoagulation and the closure of the microaneurysms was determined.
* RESULTS: The mean number of preselected microaneurysms at baseline was 18.24 ±3.51, which remained the same at 48 hours. However, the mean microaneurysmal count decreased to 11. 76 ±2.65 (35% reduction) at 1 week, 9.12±2.53 (50% reduction), 7.12±2.26 (61% reduction), and 4.56±1.32 (75% reduction) at 3, 6, and 12 weeks, respectively. The majority of the microaneurysms (35%) closed between 48 hours and 1 week.
*CONCLUSIONS: The microaneurysmal closure following focal laser photocoagulation is a delayed process. None of the preselected microaneurysms showed closure within 48 hours, and 75% of the preselected microaneurysms closed at the end of 12 weeks.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 200233:362-367]
Threshold Determinations for Selective Retinal Pigment Epithelium Damage With Repetitive Pulsed Microsecond Laser Systems in Rabbits
Authors: Framme Carsten , Schuele Georg , Roider Johann , Kracht Dietmar , Birngruber Reginald , Brinkmann Ralf 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In both clinical and animal studies, it has been shown that repetitive short laser pulses can cause selective retinal pigment epithelium damage (RPE) with sparing of photoreceptors. Our purpose was to determine the ophthalmoscopic and angiographic damage thresholds as a function of pulse durations by using different pulsed laser systems to optimize treatment modalities.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chinchilla breed rabbits were narcotized and placed in a special holding system. Laser lesions were applied using a commercial laser slit lamp, contact lens, and irradiation with a frequency-doubled Nd: YLF laser (wavelength: 527 nm; repetition rate: 500 Hz; number of pulses: 100; pulse duration: 5 µß, 1.7 µß, 200 ns) and an argon-ion laser (514 nm, 500 Hz, 100 pulses, 5 µß and 200 ms). In all eyes, spots with different energies were placed into the regio macularis with a diameter of 102 µp? (tophat profile). After treatment, fundus photography and fluorescein angiography were performed and radiant exposure for ED50 damage determined. Speckle measurements at the fiber tips were performed to determine intensity peaks in the beam profile.
* RESULTS: Using the Nd:YLF laser system, the ophthalmoscopic ED50 threshold energies were 25.4 µ] (5 µß), 32 µ] (1.7 µß), and 30 µ] (200 ns). The angiographic ED50 thresholds were 13.4 µ] (5 µ8), 9.2 µ] (1.7 µß), and 6.7 µ] (200 ns). With the argon laser, the angiographic threshold for 5 µß pulses was 5.5 µ). The ophthalmoscopic threshold could not he determined because of a lack of power; however, it was >12 µ}. For 200 ms, the ED50 radiant exposures were 20.4 mW ophthalmoscopically and 19.2 mW angiographically. Speckle factors were found to be 1.225 for the Nd: YLF and 3.180 for the argon laser. Thus, the maximal ED50-threshold radiant exposures for the Nd:YLF were calculated to be 362 mj/cm2 (5 µß), 478 mj/cm2 (1.7 µ-s), and 438 mj/cm2 (200 ns) ophthalmoscopically. Angiographically, the thresholds were 189 mj/cm2 (5 µß), 143 mj/cm2 (1.7 µ-s), and 97 mj/cm2 (200 ns). For the argon laser, the maximal ED50 radiant exposure threshold was 170 mj/cm2 angiographically.
* CONCLUSION: The gap between the angiographic and the ophthalmoscopic thresholds for the 200 ns regime (4.5 times above angiographic ED50) was wider than for the 1.7 µ$ regime (3.3 times above the angiographic ED50). This would suggest the appropriate treatment would be 200 ns pulses. However, histologies have yet to prove that nonvisible mechanical effects increase with shorter pulse durations and could reduce the "therapeutic window." When comparing the thresholds with 5 µß pulses from the argon and Nd:YLF laser, it demonstrates that intensity modulations in the beam profile must be considered.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 200233:400-409]
Silicone Plate-Haptic Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implanted in the Anterior Chamber: Report of a Bilateral Case and Potential Complications
Authors: Izak Andrea M , Werner Liliana , Apple David J , Pandey Suresh K , Trivedi Rupal H 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate possible complications associated with implantation of a posterior chamber (PC) intraocular lens (IOL) in the anterior chamber.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed a plate-haptic silicone IOL that had been explanted from the anterior chamber of an 83-year-old female. Additionally, the lens was experimentally reimplanted into the anterior chambers of 3 human cadaver eyes. After fixation of the eyes (Karnovsky's solution), the anterior-posterior length, the white-to-white diameter, the angle-to-angle diameter, and the sulcus-to-sulcus diameter were measured. Two different techniques to cut the eyes were used: sagittal section and corneal buttonhole technique. The plate-haptic silicone lens was then implanted in the anterior chamber and sulcus ciliaris of the eyes. A Kelman multiflex IOL was used as a control for anterior chamber implantation.
* RESULTS: This experiment demonstrated that the plate-haptic silicone IOL lens is too small and thick for implantation in the anterior chamber and in the sulcus. The lens could easily rotate in the anterior chamber and also dislocate inferiorly, obstructing the visual axis by its edge. The thickness of the lens theoretically could also cause endothelial cell damage and mechanical iris irritation resulting in chronic uveal inflammation.
* CONCLUSION: This case and experiment should help surgeons realize the risk and potential for IO Lmissizing complications that may be caused if a lens design for the capsular bag is implanted in the anterior chamber, especially if a plate-haptic PC-IOL design is used.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:480-487]
A Medical Student Initiative to Enhance the Pediatric Hemodialysis Experience
Authors: Ferrante Jennifer , Camhi Stephanie S. , Neumann Olivia , Chandar Jayanthi 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Children and young adults receiving hemodialysis (HD) face unique challenges including frequent school absenteeism, psychosocial issues, and social isolation, placing them at risk for decreased academic achievement and health literacy.

Objective:
To address this, we implemented the Child and Adolescent Motivation and Enrichment Program (CHAMP) at Holtz Children's Hospital in Miami, FL. The objective of this study is to describe the organizational structure and program design of CHAMP and provide preliminary program opinions.

Methods:
Medical students served as longitudinal one-on-one mentors to patients receiving HD. Face-to-face intervention, books, board games, and electronic tablets were used to enhance patients' educational and recreational experience. We surveyed participating patients, medical students, and unit nurses regarding their opinions of CHAMP.

Key Results:
Patients responded to a series of questions on a Likert scale scored from 1 to 5 and reported the highest scores on questions pertaining to having fun with mentors (mean = 4.88), enjoying mentor visits (mean = 4.78), and learning during visits (mean = 3.88). Mentors reported the highest level of agreement (mean = 4.82) that CHAMP helped them gain empathy for patients with chronic and/or special health care needs. Nurses scored highly on the point that “overall, the program was useful and helped the patient” (mean = 6.86 of a possible 7).

Conclusion:

CHAMP is an academic and psychosocial enrichment program for children and adolescents receiving HD. The program is regarded highly by participating patients, medical students, and unit nurses. Patients report enjoying and learning from mentor sessions, whereas nurses report improved interactions with patients. Medical students who participate as mentors also gain important exposure to the field of pediatric nephrology. The program design as described herein positions CHAMP for replication at academic medical centers nationwide, allowing for optimization of the health and well-being of the pediatric HD population.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2021;5(1):e60–e69.]

Plain Language Summary:
Pediatric patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are at risk for decreased academic achievement and health literacy. To address this, we implemented the Child and Adolescent Motivation and Enrichment Program, a longitudinal mentorship program pairing medical students as one-on-one mentors to patients undergoing HD. Preliminary results from this program demonstrate satisfaction and enjoyment by participating patients, medical students, and dialysis unit nurses.