bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der physiotherapeutische Patient in der Kleintierpraxis
Authors: Hohmann Mima 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungEine gezielte Physiotherapie kann bei Tieren mit Bewegungsstörungen zu einer erheblichen Verbesserung der Mobilität führen. Grundlage für die physiotherapeutische Untersuchung und Behandlung ist eine ausführliche Anamnese, welche die Lebenssituation des Tieres möglichst detailliert erfasst. Die Lahmheitsdiagnostik schließt neben der Beurteilung in der Bewegung und in Ruhe auch eine kurze Allgemeinuntersuchung und schließlich die physiotherapeutische Befunderhebung ein. Dabei wird insbesondere die Beweglichkeit der Gelenke von Wirbelsäule, Brustkorb, Becken sowie von Vorder- und Hintergliedmaßen überprüft, aber auch auf Temperaturunterschiede der Haut, Konturveränderungen des Gewebes und Muskeltonus bzw. Schmerzhaftigkeit der Muskulatur geachtet. Das genaue Vorgehen inklusive der sich daraus ableitenden Behandlungsmaßnahmen wird anhand zweier Fallbeispiele veranschaulicht.
Systematische Literaturübersicht der Wirksamkeit von
Acamprosat, Naltrexon, Disulfiram und Nalmefen zur Trinkmengenreduktion und
Aufrechterhaltung der Abstinenz bei Alkoholabhängigkeit
Authors: Arakelyan Anna , Kempkensteffen Jürgen , Verthein Uwe 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit ist die systematische
Darstellung der aktuellen Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit von Acamprosat, Naltrexon,
Disulfiram und Nalmefen für die Aufrechterhaltung der Abstinenz oder
Trinkmengenreduktion bei alkoholabhängigen Patient:innen. Bezogen auf
den Zeitraum 2005 bis 2020 wurden insgesamt 27 Studien identifiziert, die alle
Einschlusskriterien (u. a. RCT, mind. 8 Wochen Behandlungsdauer)
erfüllten. Es wurden überwiegend Hinweise zur Wirksamkeit von
Nalmefen gefunden. Acamprosat war nicht (zusätzlich) wirksam. Naltrexon
trug in kombinierten Interventionen einen zusätzlichen Nutzen bei, dies
galt jedoch nicht für die Mehrzahl der Studien. Disulfiram war nicht
wirksam darin, einen zusätzlichen Nutzen zur Erhaltung der Abstinenz
beizutragen, im Vergleich zu Topiramat, einem Antikonvulsivum, jedoch
effektiver. Die Ergebnisse stehen nicht im Einklang mit dem bisher bekannten
Forschungsstand, der Acamprosat, Naltrexon und Nalmefen als überwiegend
effektiv und sicher einstuft und Disulfiram als mäßig wirksam.
Der pharmakologische Interventionsbedarf sollte bei Bestehen alkoholbezogener
Probleme exploriert und ggf. erwogen werden, damit diesbezüglich
Vorbehalte abgebaut und ein umfassendes und zugleich individuelles
Behandlungsangebot geschaffen wird. Hinsichtlich der Trinkmengenreduktion
sollten Aspekte der Schadensminderung als Behandlungsziel berücksichtigt
werden.
The Effect of Turbinate Injection of Botulinum Toxin A on the Symptoms of Idiopathic Rhinitis
Authors: Carvalho Thiago , Salgado Daniel Calduro , Mion Olavo de Godoy , de Mello João Ferreira , Voegels Richard Louis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Idiopathic rhinitis is a nonallergic and noninfectious rhinitis characterized mainly by nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea, resulting from an autonomic imbalance. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) demonstrated its action in reducing rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction when injected into the nasal turbinates or septum.
Objective To analyze the effects of intranasal BTX-A injection to control the symptoms of idiopathic rhinitis and its possible adverse effects.
Method Patients with idiopathic rhinitis were divided into two groups. Group A had 15 participants (8 female and 6 male), of ages from 47 to 84 years (mean 66.57 years), and these received 60 U of Dysport (Ipsen Ltd, Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK) in each inferior nasal turbinate; group B had 12 participants (1 male and 11 female), of ages from 50 to 76 years (mean 60 years), and they received 1 ml of 0.9% saline. The individuals were reevaluated in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks after injection by a questionnaire, accompanied by nasal inspiratory peak flow and acoustic rhinometry.
Results Group A showed significant improvement, mainly regarding the symptoms of sneezing/itching and nasal obstruction, over time and when compared to group B. Acoustic rhinometry confirmed the improvement in nasal obstruction. There was no relationship between the nasal peak flow data and the nasal obstruction score. No major adverse effects have been reported.
Conclusion The injection of botulinum toxin in the inferior nasal turbinates of patients with idiopathic rhinitis reduces the symptoms of sneezing, itching, nasal obstruction, and runny nose without significant adverse effects, suggesting that it is an option in the treatment of these patients.
Odontogenic Subperiosteal Abscess of the Lateral Orbit: Timely Recognition and Management
Authors: Houle Ashley N. , Pham Chau , Valikodath Nita , Elmowitz Jordan S. , Callahan Nicholas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrbital abscess is a rare entity due to an odontogenic infection. The progression from a toothache to serious complications such as blindness or death can be sudden and severe. The authors present the case of a 13-year-old male patient with a 2-day history of dental pain, which progressed to involve the periorbital tissues. He was experiencing visual symptoms. Computed tomographic imaging revealed a canine space abscess associated with a carious right maxillary molar in continuity with a subperiosteal abscess of the right lateral orbit. Surgical drainage was performed under general anesthesia via intraoral and extraoral approaches. The postoperative course was uncomplicated and vision improved. Multidisciplinary and timely management is crucial for successful outcomes in managing orbital abscesses of odontogenic origin. Therefore, it is crucial for emergency and primary care physicians to recognize when specialist consultation is indicated and expedite this process.
Spontaneous Muscle Hematoma in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review with Description of an Additional Case Series
Authors: Abate Veronica , Casoria Aniello , Galletti Ferruccio , Di Minno Giovanni , Rendina Domenico , Muscariello Riccardo , Nuzzo Vincenzo , Vargas Maria , Servillo Giuseppe , Venetucci Pietro , Conca Paolo , Tufano Antonella 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoagulation abnormalities, thrombosis, and endothelial dysfunction have been described in COVID-19 patients. Spontaneous muscle hematoma (SMH) is a rare complication in COVID-19. The aims of this study are to: (1) perform a systematic review of the literature to better define the clinical SMH characteristics, (2) describe the prevalence and the clinical characteristics of SMH in COVID-19 patients referring to a Department of Internal Medicine (IM) (Federico II University of Naples), a Department of Sub-Intensive Care Medicine (SIM) (Ospedale Del Mare), and a Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (Federico II University). The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA criteria. The local prevalence of SMH in COVID-19 was evaluated retrospectively. The medical records of all COVID-19 patients referring to IM and ICU from March 11th, 2020, to February 28th, 2021 were examined for SMH occurrence. In our retrospective analysis, we describe 10 cases of COVID-19 patients with SMH not previously reported in literature, with a prevalence of 2.1%. The literature review, inclusive of our case series, describes a total of 50 SMHs in COVID-19 patients (57.4% males; mean age 68.8 ± 10.0 years). The SMH sites were ileo-psoas, vastus intermedius, gluteus, sternocleidomastoid, and pectoralis major muscles. Males developed SMH earlier than females (9.5 ± 7.8 vs. 17.1 ± 9.7 days). Ileo-psoas hematoma was more frequent in males (69.2 vs. 30.8%), while pectoralis major hematoma occurred only in females. The in-hospital mortality rate of SMH in COVID-19 patients was 32.4%. SMH is a rare but severe complication in COVID-19 hospitalized patients, associated with high mortality. A gender difference seems to be present in the clinical presentation of the disorder.
The Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Red Blood Cell Distribution Width, and Mean Platelet Volume in Predicting Febrile Seizures and Differentiating Febrile Seizure Types
Authors: Dilber Beril , Reis Gökçe P. , Kolayli Ceyda Cevriye , Cansu Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet count (PLT), and mean platelet volume (MPV)/platelet ratio (MPR) are commonly known inflammatory markers measured by a routine peripheral blood test that have been studied in patients with febrile seizures (FS) and may be useful for the classification of FS types. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between FS and inflammatory markers including MPR, RDW, and NLR and also to determine the diagnostic ability of these parameters to identify FS by comparing patients with and without FS, and by comparing patients with FS to their FS types (simple febrile seizure or complex febrile seizure [SFS or CFS]). The study included a total of 537 children aged 6 to 60 months who presented to the emergency service with FS. The FS group was divided into two subgroups based on the type of seizure, SFS, and CFS. MPR, NLR, and RDW predicted a 1.7 (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–2.45), 1.94 (OR, 95% CI: 1.35–2.79), and 1.8 (OR, 95% CI: 1.25–2.59) times higher risk of FS, respectively. NLR and RDW predicted a 2.64 (OR, 95% CI: 1.17–4.85) and 2.34 (OR, 95% CI: 1.14–4.44) times higher risk of recurrent SFS, respectively. In patients with CFS, NLR ≥ 1.806 had a 3.64 times (OR, 95% CI: 1.83–7.21) and RDW ≥14.55 had a 3.34 times (OR, 95% CI: 1.67–6.65) higher risk of recurrent FS. The results indicated that MPV, NLR, and RDW differentiated not only SFS from CFS but also FS from fever without seizure. The increase in RDW and NLR values and their diagnostic values in patients with recurrent FS and the diagnostic value of these parameters in predicting CFS suggest that NLR and RDW could be effective, practical, and discriminative predictors of FS.
Formation of thermally grown SiO2/GaN interface
Authors: Akazawa Masamichi , Kitawaki Yuya 
Published: August 2021

An attempt was made to form a thermally grown SiO2/GaN interface. A Si layer deposited on the c-plane GaN surface was oxidized in an O2 atmosphere to form a SiO2 layer. The formation of SiO2 with a bandgap of 8.6 eV was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Metal–oxide–semiconductor diodes were fabricated and tested to characterize the interface by electrical measurements. The capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics measured at 1 MHz showed that a longer oxidation time resulted in a steeper slope. However, it was unavoidable that a bump in a C–V curve appeared after a long oxidation time. The electron trap distributions derived from C–V curves exhibited a discrete-level trap at 0.7 eV from the conduction band edge. This discrete-level trap was an acceptor-like trap that can be assigned to a Ga vacancy. An insufficient oxidation led to a high leakage current owing to the asperities of the residual polycrystalline Si layer. Although the leakage current was improved by extending the oxidation time, an excessively long oxidation time resulted in a slight increase in the leakage current. We cannot deny the possibility of the diffusion of Ga atoms into SiO2 during oxidation. Moreover, the cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy of a sample formed with an excessively long oxidation time indicated the formation of a Ga oxide interlayer without a severe disorder. Most possibly, the formation of the Ga oxide interlayer by excess oxidation improved the interface properties.
Large Hall and Nernst responses from thermally induced spin chirality in a spin-trimer ferromagnet
Authors: Kolincio Kamil K. , Hirschberger Max , Masell Jan , Gao Shang , Kikkawa Akiko , Taguchi Yasujiro , Arima Taka-hisa , Nagaosa Naoto , Tokura Yoshinori 
Published: August 2021

Significance
The scalar spin chirality (SSC) produced by noncoplanar spins is a cornerstone of the foundation of skyrmionics and the physics of geometrically frustrated magnets; this quantity translates the topology of the magnetic structure to the language of directly measurable responses in transport properties. In this work, we not only report the gigantic Hall and Nernst effects emerging from thermally induced SSC in a conducting ferromagnet, but also find arguments for the relevance of the momentum space description of the generated Berry phase. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the idea of fluctuating SSC is not limited to magnets with conduction electrons strongly Hund’s-rule–coupled to local magnetic moments but is valid for a broader group of itinerant magnets with triangular-like lattice geometry.
A physical model of mantis shrimp for exploring the dynamics of ultrafast systems
Authors: Steinhardt Emma , Hyun Nak-seung P. , Koh Je-sung , Freeburn Gregory , Rosen Michelle H. , Temel Fatma Zeynep , Patek S. N. , Wood Robert J. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Many small organisms produce ultrafast movements by storing elastic energy and mediating its storage and rapid release through a latching mechanism. The mantis shrimp in particular imparts extreme accelerations on rotating appendages to strike their prey. Biologists have hypothesized, but not tested, that there exists a geometric latching mechanism which mediates the actuation of the appendage. Inspired by the anatomy of the mantis shrimp striking appendage, we develop a centimeter-scale robot which emulates the linkage dynamics in the mantis shrimp and study how the underlying geometric latch is able to control rapid striking motions. Our physical and analytical models could also be extended to other behaviors such as throwing or jumping in which high power over short duration is required.
Multidimensional four-wave mixing signals detected by quantum squeezed light
Authors: Dorfman Konstantin , Liu Shengshuai , Lou Yanbo , Wei Tianxiang , Jing Jietai , Schlawin Frank , Mukamel Shaul 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Quantum light and its statistics provide powerful tools for the study of properties of matter that are difficult to retrieve with classical light. Novel spectroscopic and sensing techniques based on quantum light sources can reveal information about complex material systems that is not accessible by varying the frequencies or time delays of classical light pulses. Here, based on a four-wave mixing process, we report an experimental study of the 2D quantum noise spectra of two-beam intensity difference squeezing. External noise erodes the resolution of classical measurements, while quantum signals remain intact. Our results pave the way for exploiting quantum correlations of squeezed light for spectroscopic applications.
Hierarchical self-assembly of polydisperse colloidal bananas into a two-dimensional vortex phase
Authors: Fernández-Rico Carla , Dullens Roel P. A. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Hierarchically self-assembled materials—structures with order at multiple length scales—can be found everywhere. Examples range from collagen structures in human bones to engineered photonic materials. These structures usually assemble from monodisperse microscopic building blocks that interact via complex directional interactions. In this work, we show that hierarchical materials can, in fact, also be assembled from polydisperse building blocks and by entropic interactions alone. Our simple yet powerful assembly mechanism opens up avenues toward rationally exploiting the often undesired polydispersity of colloidal building blocks for programming entropy-driven self-assembly of hierarchical materials.
Agroecosystems' resilience and social-ecological vulnerability index to climate change in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.
Authors: Shirima Kelvine C. , Mung'ong'o Claude G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The concept of resilience has gained momentum during the current climate change era. Resilience is said to be the measure of the amount of change the system can undergo while still retaining the same controls on function and structure. Taking into account the effects of changing climate, the term resilience has been used to assess the vulnerability of social-ecological systems. Most agroecosystem studies have focused on dryland ecosystems and this prompted the need to shift concern on to mountainous ecosystems whose susceptibility to climate change is not adequately addressed. This chapter assesses the resilience of maize-coffee-banana agroecosystems on the southern slope of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Also, it assesses agronomic practices and the social-economic status of farmers and computes a social-ecological vulnerability index for the ecosystem. The study depicts variation of agronomic practices with altitude due to microclimatic differences, terrain and soil characteristics that determine the type of crops and their farming system which have both positive and negative implications. Climatic shocks (e.g. drought frequency, floods and below average rains) were found to have an impact on agricultural yield. Social-economic indicators (e.g. the number of household dependants, social safety nets, off-farm contribution, possession of land title, usage of wood for cooking energy and access to extension services) have also shown a significant influence on household vulnerability to changing climate which may later affect the agroecosystem productivity as these parameters are associated with the natural environment. Indicators chosen for the vulnerability index depict slight variations of vulnerability altitude wise, except for the mid-lower zone which appears to be more vulnerable.
A comparative cost-benefit analysis of mobile and sedentary pastoral production systems in selected villages in Northern Tanzania.
Authors: Yamat Lucas E. , Mung'ong'o Claude G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Despite a growing body of evidence that highlights the economic, social and environmental benefits of mobile pastoralism, few governments are ready to tolerate mobility and many policy makers promote knowingly or inadvertently the policies of sedentarization. This production system seems not to be clearly understood by many and has been characterized as backward, environmentally destructive and economically unsustainable; and the view is that it should be replaced with more sedentary forms of livestock production or other beneficial land uses. The overriding question is whether sedentary livestock keeping is more productive and utilizes fewer resources and less space than the mobile pastoral system. This study carried out a comparative cost-benefit analysis of the two production systems in selected villages of Kiteto and Karatu districts. The aim was to come up with credible data to test this hypothesis. Two alternatives were compared in terms of their net present value (NPV) to test a null hypothesis. The alternative with an NPV greater than zero or higher than its alternative was accepted to be more viable compared with the one with an NPV less than zero or less than its alternative. Whenever the NPV of the sedentary production system in the analysis was shown to be greater than zero and/or greater than the NPV of the mobile pastoral production system the null hypothesis was accepted and vice versa. The study was conducted in Makame village of Kiteto District and Dofa village of Karatu District. Makame village represents a mobile pastoral production system while Dofa village represents a sedentary production system. The study employed a quantitative approach using a household survey in the two villages. The comparative cost-benefit analysis was carried out using monetary values derived from the livestock unit statistical approach. The findings have revealed that the average cost of maintaining a mobile pastoral and sedentary production systems are TSh90,096,333 and TSh112,295,200, respectively. The cost-benefit ratios are 1:0.5 for a mobile pastoral production system and 1:0.25 for the sedentary one.
Locally based responses to impacts of climate change in pastoral landscapes of Northern Tanzania.
Authors: Mabhuye Edmund B. , Yanda Pius Z. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The impacts of climate change and variability have manifested themselves throughout the world, but considerable temporal and spatial variations exist across various places and countries. Given the variation in vulnerability, this study was undertaken in pastoral landscapes in northern Tanzania to assess the impacts of climate change, adaptation strategies and their implications to communities' livelihoods and ecosystem integrity. It examined: (i) climate trends and associated impacts on communities' livelihood options; (ii) climate change coping and adaptation strategies adopted by selected communities to reduce the severity of climate change impacts; and (iii) the challenges associated with climate change adaptation strategies in the pastoral landscape. Primary data were collected using household surveys, interviews with key informants, focus group discussions, direct field observation using transect walks and institutional analysis. Secondary data were obtained through documentary review and theme-content analysis. Results indicate that there are slight increases in temperature and wind speed as well as decreasing trends and erratic patterns of rainfall which cause drought and extended dry spells. Fluctuation in temperature and rainfall patterns affects livestock keeping through recurrent drought that has negative implications on pasture and water availability. Communities are responding to the changes through traditional response mechanisms and have embraced a few new adaptation strategies against these climate extremes, particularly drought. Generally, strategies for adaptation are likely to be successful in the near future, subject to review and harmonization of policies, institutional and legal frameworks to harness existing opportunities for management of natural resources for sustainable development and build the long-term balance between ecosystem integrity and human needs.