bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early operative morbidity in 184 cases of anterior vertebral body tethering
Authors: Meyers James , Eaker Lily , von Treuheim Theodor Di Pauli , Dolgovpolov Sergei , Lonner Baron 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFusion is the current standard of care for AIS. Anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT) is a motion-sparing alternative gaining interest. As a novel procedure, there is a paucity of literature on safety. Here, we report 90-day complication rates in 184 patients who underwent AVBT by a single surgeon. Patients were retrospectively reviewed. Approaches included 71 thoracic, 45 thoracolumbar, 68 double. Major complications were those requiring readmittance or reoperation, prolonged use of invasive materials such as chest tubes, or resulted in spinal cord or nerve root injury. Minor complications resolved without invasive intervention. Mean operative time and blood loss were 186.5 ± 60.3 min and 167.2 ± 105.0 ml, respectively. No patient required allogenic blood transfusion. 6 patients experienced major (3.3%), and 6 had minor complications (3.3%). Major complications included 3 chylothoracies, 2 hemothoracies, and 1 lumbar radiculopathy secondary to screw placement requiring re-operation. Minor complications included 1 patient with respiratory distress requiring supplementary oxygen, 1 superficial wound infection, 2 cases of prolonged nausea, and 1 Raynaud phenomenon. In 184 patients who underwent AVBT for AIS, major and minor complication rates were both 3.3%.
Subduction zone fluids and arc magmas conducted by lithospheric deformed regions beneath the central Andes
Authors: Contreras-Reyes E. , Díaz D. , Bello-González J. P. , Slezak K. , Potin B. , Comte D. , Maksymowicz A. , Ruiz J. A. , Osses A. , Ruiz S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDehydration of the oceanic subducting slab promotes the formation of magmatic arcs, intra-slab intermediate-depth seismicity, and hydration of the overlying mantle wedge. However, the complex permeability structure of the overriding plate controls the magma and fluid migration and their accumulation at shallower depths. In this regard, mapping the inner structure of the overriding crust and mantle is crucial to understand the magmatic and hydrological processes in subduction zones. We integrate 3-D P-wave, $$V_p/V_s$$

V
p

/

V
s

, and electrical resistivity tomographic models of the northern Chilean subduction zone to map the magmatic and fluids derived from the subducting oceanic Nazca plate. Results show a continental crust relatively thick (50–65 km) characterized by a lower zone of high $$V_p$$

V
p

values (7.2–7.6 km/s), which is interpreted as the presence of plutonic rocks. The mantle lithospheric wedge is weakly hydrated ($$V_p/V_s$$

V
p

/

V
s

= 1.75–1.8) while the forearc continental crust is traversed by regions of reduced electrical resistivity values ($$< 10^2$$

<

10
2

$$\Omega m$$

Ω
m

) interpreted as zones of relatively high permeability/fracturing and fluid content. These regions spatially correlate with upper plate trans-lithospheric deformation zones. Ascending melts accumulate preferentially in the back-arc, whereas hydrothermal systems form trenchward of the volcanic arc. The results highlight the complex permeability structure of the upper South American plate.
Insights into the palaeobiology of an early Homo infant: multidisciplinary investigation of the GAR IVE hemi-mandible, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia
Authors: Le Cabec Adeline , Colard Thomas , Charabidze Damien , Chaussain Catherine , Di Carlo Gabriele , Gaudzinski-Windheuser Sabine , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Melis Rita T. , Pioli Laura , Ramirez-Rozzi Fernando , Mussi Margherita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChildhood is an ontogenetic stage unique to the modern human life history pattern. It enables the still dependent infants to achieve an extended rapid brain growth, slow somatic maturation, while benefitting from provisioning, transitional feeding, and protection from other group members. This tipping point in the evolution of human ontogeny likely emerged from earlyHomo.The GAR IVE hemi-mandible (1.8 Ma, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia) represents one of the rarely preserved earlyHomoinfants (~ 3 years at death), recovered in a richly documented Oldowan archaeological context. Yet, based on the sole external inspection of its teeth, GAR IVE was diagnosed with a rare genetic disease–amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)–altering enamel. Since it may have impacted the child’s survival, this diagnosis deserves deeper examination. Here, we reassess and refute this diagnosis and all associated interpretations, using an unprecedented multidisciplinary approach combining an in-depth analysis of GAR IVE (synchrotron imaging) and associated fauna. Some of the traits previously considered as diagnostic of AI can be better explained by normal growth or taphonomy, which calls for caution when diagnosing pathologies on fossils. We compare GAR IVE’s dental development to other fossil hominins, and discuss the implications for the emergence of childhood in earlyHomo.
Fast acquisition protocol for X-ray scattering tensor tomography
Authors: Kim Jisoo , Kagias Matias , Marone Federica , Shi Zhitian , Stampanoni Marco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicrostructural information over an entire sample is important to understand the macroscopic behaviour of materials. X-ray scattering tensor tomography facilitates the investigation of the microstructural organisation in statistically large sample volumes. However, established acquisition protocols based on scanning small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray grating interferometry inherently require long scan times even with highly brilliant X-ray sources. Recent developments in X-ray diffractive optics towards circular pattern arrays enable fast single-shot acquisition of the sample scattering properties with 2D omnidirectional sensitivity. X-ray scattering tensor tomography with the use of this circular grating array has been demonstrated. We propose here simple yet inherently rapid acquisition protocols for X-ray scattering tensor tomography leveraging on these new optical elements. Results from both simulation and experimental data, supported by a null space analysis, suggest that the proposed acquisition protocols are not only rapid but also corroborate that sufficient information for the accurate volumetric reconstruction of the scattering properties is provided. The proposed acquisition protocols will build the basis for rapid inspection and/or time-resolved tensor tomography of the microstructural organisation over an extended field of view.
In vivo toxicity of bioreactor-grown biomass and exopolysaccharides from Malaysian tiger milk mushroom mycelium for potential future health applications
Authors: Usuldin Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad , Wan-Mohtar Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad , Ilham Zul , Jamaludin Adi Ainurzaman , Abdullah Nur Raihan , Rowan Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural mycelial biomass (MB) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) of Malaysian tiger milk mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus are considered high-end components due to their high commercial potential value in drug discovery. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity of the mushroom extracts’ generated in a bioreactor using the zebrafish embryo toxicity (ZFET) model assay as a new therapy for treating asthma. Both MB and EPS extracts, at concentrations 0.16–10 mg/mL, were tested for ZFET and early development effects on Zebrafish Embryos (ZE) during 24–120 h post-fertilisation (HPF). Findings revealed that MB was deemed safe with an LC50 of 0.77 mg/mL; the EPS were non-toxic (LC50 of 0.41 mg/mL). Neither MB nor EPS delayed hatching nor teratogenic defects in the treated ZE at a 2.5 mg/mL dose. There were no significant changes in the ZE heart rate after treatments with MB (130 beats/min) and EPS (140 beats/min), compared to that of normal ZE (120–180 beats/min). Mixing both natural compounds MB and EPS did not affect toxicity using ZFET testing; thus, intimating their safe future use as therapeutic interventions. This represents the first study to have used the ZFET assay on MB and EPS extracts of L. rhinocerus for future health applications.
Distinctive prosodic features of people with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis study
Authors: Asghari Seyedeh Zahra , Farashi Sajjad , Bashirian Saeid , Jenabi Ensiyeh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this systematic review, we analyzed and evaluated the findings of studies on prosodic features of vocal productions of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in order to recognize the statistically significant, most confirmed and reliable prosodic differences distinguishing people with ASD from typically developing individuals. Using suitable keywords, three major databases including Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus, were searched. The results for prosodic features such as mean pitch, pitch range and variability, speech rate, intensity and voice duration were extracted from eligible studies. The pooled standard mean difference between ASD and control groups was extracted or calculated. Using I2statistic and Cochrane Q-test, between-study heterogeneity was evaluated. Furthermore, publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and its significance was evaluated using Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Thirty-nine eligible studies were retrieved (including 910 and 850 participants for ASD and control groups, respectively). This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that ASD group members had a significantly larger mean pitch (SMD =  − 0.4, 95% CI [− 0.70, − 0.10]), larger pitch range (SMD =  − 0.78, 95% CI [− 1.34, − 0.21]), longer voice duration (SMD =  − 0.43, 95% CI [− 0.72, − 0.15]), and larger pitch variability (SMD = − 0.46, 95% CI [− 0.84, − 0.08]), compared with typically developing control group. However, no significant differences in pitch standard deviation, voice intensity and speech rate were found between groups. Chronological age of participants and voice elicitation tasks were two sources of between-study heterogeneity. Furthermore, no publication bias was observed during analyses (p > 0.05). Mean pitch, pitch range, pitch variability and voice duration were recognized as the prosodic features reliably distinguishing people with ASD from TD individuals.
Discovery of a novel powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) resistance locus in rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Vendelbo N. M. , Mahmood K. , Sarup P. , Kristensen P. S. , Orabi J. , Jahoor A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPowdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases in the world, causing substantial grain yield losses and quality reduction in cereal crops. At present 23 powdery mildew resistance genes have been identified in rye, of which the majority are in wheat-rye translocation lines developed for wheat improvement. Here, we investigated the genetics underlying powdery mildew resistance in the Gülzow-type elite hybrid rye (Secale cerealeL.) breeding germplasm. In total, 180 inbred breeding lines were genotyped using the state-of-the-art 600 K SNP array and phenotyped for infection type against three distinct field populations ofB. graminisf. sp.secalisfrom Northern Germany (2013 and 2018) and Denmark (2020). We observed a moderate level of powdery mildew resistance in the non-restorer germplasm population, and by performing a genome-wide association study using 261,406 informative SNP markers, we identified a powdery mildew resistance locus, provisionally denotedPmNOS1,on the distal tip of chromosome arm 7RL. Using recent advances in rye genomic resources, we investigated whether nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat genes residing in the identified 17 Mbp block associated withPmNOS1on recent reference genomes resembled knownPmgenes.
Dual vortex breakdown in a two-fluid whirlpool
Authors: Skripkin Sergey G. , Sharifullin Bulat R. , Naumov Igor V. , Shtern Vladimir N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLooking for an optimal flow shape for culture growth in vortex bioreactors, an intriguing and impressive structure has been observed that mimics the strong swirling flows in the atmosphere (tornado) and ocean (waterspout). To better understand the flow nature and topology, this experimental study explores the development of vortex breakdown (VB) in a lab-scale swirling flow of two immiscible fluids filling a vertical cylindrical container. The rotating bottom disk drives the circulation of both fluids while the sidewall is stationary. The container can be either sealed with the still top disk (SC) or open (OC). As the rotation strength (Re) increases, a new circulation cell occurs in each fluid—the dual VB. In case SC, VB first emerges in the lower fluid at Re = 475 and then in the upper fluid at Re = 746. In case OC, VB first emerges in the upper fluid at Re = 524 and then in the lower fluid at Re = 538. The flow remains steady and axisymmetric with the interface and the free surface being just slightly deformed in the studied range of Re. Such two-VB swirling flows can provide efficient mixing in aerial or two-fluid bioreactors.
The impact of surgery on long-term survival of patients with primary intestinal non-Hodgkin lymphomas based on SEER database
Authors: Zhang Cuifen , Zhang Xiaohong , Liu Zeyu , Tao Jiahao , Lin Lizhu , Zhai Linzhu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEvidence regarding the need for surgery for primary intestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PINHL) patients with chemotherapy is limited and controversial. We aimed to investigate the specific impact of surgery on survival of PINHL patients. Data from PINHL patients (aged > 18 years) with chemotherapy between 1983 and 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We concerned about overall survival (OS) and improved cancer-specific survival (CSS). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was also used to explore the reliability of the results to further control for confounding factors. Finally, we screened 3537 patients. Multivariate regression analysis showed that patients with surgery and chemotherapy had better OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75–0.93; p = 0.0009) and CSS (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77–0.99; p = 0.0404) compared with the non-operation group after adjusting for confounding factors. After PSM analysis, compared with non-surgery, surgery remained associated with improved OS (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.68–0.87; p < 0.0001) and improved CSS (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.72–0.95; p = 0.008) adjusted for baseline differences. In the large cohort of PINHL patients with chemotherapy older than 18 years, surgery was associated with significantly improved OS and CSS before and after PSM analysis.
Impact of Vocal Effort on Respiratory and Articulatory Kinematics
Authors: Abur Defne , Perkell Joseph S. , Stepp Cara E. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The goal of this study was to examine the effects of increases in vocal effort, without changing speech intensity, on respiratory and articulatory kinematics in young adults with typical voices.

Method:
A total of 10 participants completed a reading task under three speaking conditions: baseline, mild vocal effort, and maximum vocal effort. Respiratory inductance plethysmography bands around the chest and abdomen were used to estimate lung volumes during speech, and sensor coils for electromagnetic articulography were used to transduce articulatory movements, resulting in the following outcome measures: lung volume at speech initiation (LVSI) and at speech termination (LVST), articulatory kinematic vowel space (AKVS) of two points on the tongue dorsum (body and blade), and lip aperture.

Results:
With increases in vocal effort, and no statistical changes in speech intensity, speakers showed: (a) no statistically significant differences in LVST, (b) statistically significant increases in LVSI, (c) no statistically significant differences in AKVS measures, and (d) statistically significant reductions in lip aperture.

Conclusions:
Speakers with typical voices exhibited larger lung volumes at speech initiation during increases in vocal effort, paired with reduced lip displacements. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate evidence that articulatory kinematics are impacted by modulations in vocal effort. However, the mechanisms underlying vocal effort may differ between speakers with and without voice disorders. Thus, future work should examine the relationship between articulatory kinematics, respiratory kinematics, and laryngeal-level changes during vocal effort in speakers with and without voice disorders.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17065457
Wideband end‐fire circularly polarised complementary source antenna for millimetre‐wave applications
Authors: Wang Jingxue , Wu Fan , Jiang Defu , Li Yujian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA millimetre‐wave end‐fire circularly polarised (CP) complementary source antenna is proposed. Circular polarisation is obtained by combining a quarter‐wave shorted patch and a planar electric dipole. A direct‐feeding method based on the use of substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) is developed for wideband excitation of the antenna. The antenna element achieves a −10‐dB impedance bandwidth of more than 32.4% and a 3‐dB AR bandwidth of 30.1% with a stable gain around 5.5 dBic. To demonstrate higher antenna gain, a 1 × 4 CP antenna array fed by an SICL power divider is designed. Measurement of the fabricated prototype verifies that the CP antenna array achieves a gain up to 10.5 dBic. The competitive performances including wide bandwidth, stable gain, and simple planar configuration make the proposed CP antenna attractive for millimetre‐wave applications such as the fifth‐generation (5G) mobile communications and the next generation WiFi systems.
First look at the topology of reionisation redshifts in models of the epoch of reionisation
Authors: Thélie Emilie , Aubert Dominique , Gillet Nicolas , Ocvirk Pierre 
Published: November 2021

Context. During the epoch of reionisation (EoR), the first stars and galaxies appeared while creating ionised bubbles that eventually percolated near z ∼ 6. These ionised bubbles and percolation process are closely scrutinised today because observations of neutral hydrogen will be carried on in the next decade with the Square Kilometre Array radio telescope, for instance. In the meantime, EoR studies are performed in semi-analytical and fully numerical cosmological simulations to investigate the topology of the process, for instance.
Aims. We analyse the topology of EoR models by studying regions that are under the radiative influence of ionisation sources. These regions are associated with peak patches of the reionisation redshift field, for which we measure the general properties such as their number, size, shape, and orientation. We aim to gain insights into the geometry of the reionisation process and its relation to the matter distribution, for example. We also assess how these measurements can be used to quantify the effect of physical parameters on the EoR models or the differences between fully numerical simulations and semi-analytical models.
Methods. We used the framework of Morse theory and persistent homology in the context of the EoR, which was investigated via the DisPerSE algorithm on gas density and redshift of reionisation maps. We analysed different EoR scenarios with semi-analytical 21cmFAST and fully numerical EMMA simulations.
Results. We can distinguish between EoR models with different sources using simple analyses of the number, shape, and size distributions of the reionisation redshift patches. For every model (of the semi-analytical and fully numerical simulations), we statistically show that these bubbles are rather prolate and aligned with the underlying gas filaments. Moreover, we briefly highlight that the percolation process of HII bubbles during the EoR can be followed by studying the reionisation redshift fields with different persistence thresholds. Finally, we show that fully numerical EMMA simulations can be made consistent with 21cmFAST models in this topological framework as long as the source distribution is diffuse enough.
Peptidradiorezeptor-Therapie (PRRT)
Authors: Buck Andreas K. , Lapa Constantin , Weich Alexander , Higuchi Takahiro , Hasenauer Natalie , Hänscheid Heribert , Werner Rudolf A. 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungNeuroendokrine Neoplasien (NEN) stellen ein komplexes, heterogenes Krankheitsbild dar, wobei der Primärtumorlokation meist im Gastrointestinaltrakt lokalisiert ist. Als „Orphan Disease“ sind NEN zwar selten, werden aber primär durch eine verbesserte bildgebende Diagnostik in den letzten Jahren verstärkt diagnostiziert. Hierbei spielt die Somatostatinrezeptor (SSTR)-gerichtete molekulare Bildgebung eine große Rolle, insbesondere die Einzelphotonen-Emissions-Computertomografie (SPECT) sowie die Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PET). Neben einer exakten Ausbreitungsdiagnostik generiert die SSTR-gerichtete Bildgebung auch eine Therapierationale für eine Peptidradiorezeptortherapie (PRRT) in einem sog. „theranostischen“ Ansatz. Hierbei wird ein β-Strahler mit dem identischen Peptid des diagnostischen SPECT-/PET-Gegenstücks gekoppelt, um somit eine gezielte, SSTR-gerichtete Bestrahlung von NEN und metastatischer Läsionen zu ermöglichen. Das daraus resultierende „heiße“ Somatostatinanalogon kann als hocheffektives Radiotherapeutikum mit akzeptablem Nebenwirkungsprofil eingesetzt werden, was bereits in einer randomisierten, prospektiven, multizentrischen Studie belegt wurde. Die PRRT erfolgt in Deutschland stationär auf einer nuklearmedizinischen Isotopenstation, wobei Indikation, Durchführung und Nachsorge dieser zielgerichteten Therapie in einem interdisziplinären Ansatz in enger Absprache mit Kolleg*innen der Inneren Medizin, der Medizinphysik und Nuklearmedizin erfolgen sollte. Mit Lutathera (177Lu-Oxodotreotid) steht seit Kurzem ein in Deutschland zugelassenes Arzneimittel zur SSTR-gerichteten Therapie zur Verfügung, womit die PRRT verstärkt Anwendung finden dürfte.
More than just an experiment? Politicians arguments behind introducing participatory budgeting in Budapest
Authors: Oross Dániel , Kiss Gabriella 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs deliberative and participatory practices play a greater role in political decision-making of democratic political systems in many parts of the world, political parties must adapt to demands of an increasingly more cognitively mobilized citizenry. While there is a growing body of literature about the functioning of such procedures in different social and political contexts, little is known about politicians’ reasons behind introducing them. Based on qualitative data collected among Hungarian politicians, this paper brings evidence to empirically assess why local politicians introduced Participatory Budgeting in Budapest, Hungary. Our findings suggest that politicians accept theoretical arguments for promoting citizens’ participation, newly elected local politicians expect to increase their party’s local embeddedness by creating new contact opportunities and emphasize that the introduction of Participatory Budgeting is a ground for experimentation. The article ends with a discussion about arguments that are put forth in the literature on European Participatory Budgeting but missing from the views of politicians, and concludes by highlighting the risks of institutionalizing Participatory Budgeting.