bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 21: Geology of the Fruta del Norte Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposit, Ecuador
Authors: Leary Stephen , Sillitoe Richard H. , Lema Jorge , Téliz Fernando , Mena Diego 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fruta del Norte is a completely concealed and extremely well-preserved, Late Jurassic epithermal gold-silver deposit of both low- and intermediate-sulfidation type, which is located in the remote Subandean mountain ranges of southeastern Ecuador. Currently defined indicated resources are 23.8 million metric tons (Mt) averaging 9.61 g/t Au and the total endowment is 9.48 Moz Au. The deposit, notable for the widespread occurrence of visible gold and bonanza grades, will be bulk mined underground. Fruta del Norte was discovered in 2006 during greenfield exploration and systematic drill testing of a conceptual geologic model, which predicted that auriferous veins would occur in andesitic volcanic rocks inferred to underlie a zone of arsenic- and antimony-anomalous silicification in fluvial conglomerate.
The host andesitic volcanic rocks, crosscutting feldspar porphyry, and associated phreatic breccia are part of a roof pendant in the Zamora batholith. Together, they are products of a continental-margin volcanoplutonic arc of Middle to Late Jurassic age. The deposit lies beneath the northern extremity of the ~16-km-long, Suárez pull-apart basin where it is localized by steep, second-order faults within the regionally extensive Las Peñas strike-slip fault zone. The pull-apart basin was progressively filled by fluvial conglomerate, dacitic ignimbrite, finer grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, and, finally, andesite flows.
The Fruta del Norte deposit comprises a 1.3-km-long and up to &gt;300-m-wide vein stockwork associated with quartz-illite-pyrite alteration. The deposit comprises two principal vein types, one in the south dominated by quartz, manganoan carbonates, and abundant base metal sulfides and the other in the north dominated by manganese- and base metal-poor quartz, chalcedony, and calcite. Adularia is a minor gangue mineral in both. Both vein types are abruptly transitional upward and westward to a third important ore type characterized by intense silicification and chalcedony veining, with disseminated and veinlet marcasite (± pyrite). An extensive silica sinter horizon directly overlies the andesitic rocks and/or occurs as interbeds in the lowermost 20 m of the conglomerate and, consequently, is in unusual proximity to the underlying gold-silver orebody. Much of the conglomerate lacks silicification except for a narrow, steeply inclined zone exposed above the deposit, which led to its discovery.
Chapter 22: Gold Deposits of the Yanacocha District, Cajamarca, Peru
Authors: Pilco Richard , McCann Sean 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Yanacocha district of northern Peru has produced &gt;37 million ounces (Moz) Au since production commenced in 1993. Recognized as one of the world’s most prolific high-sulfidation epithermal gold districts, its discovery was made over a four-year period (1984–1988) through a joint venture alliance operated by Newmont Corporation. Over the past 30 years the geologic understanding of the district has been enhanced by research and documentation by many academic and Newmont geoscientists. The gold deposits are hosted within Tertiary volcanic rocks consisting of pyroclastic sequences cut by several generations of breccias and intrusions, all of which have undergone silicic and advanced argillic alteration. A dominant NE-trending structural corridor bounds all deposits in the district, and local northwest fault intersections with this trend are complimentary controls on mineralization. There are 12 major deposits discovered and exploited at Yanacocha. The largest, Cerro Yanacocha, has produced &gt;17.5 Moz Au, whereas the newest deposit to be delineated, Antonio, has a &gt;1.0 Moz resource. The depletion of shallow, supergene-oxidized deposits has necessitated the current underground development to exploit deeper sulfide deposits. Significant potential remains within the Yanacocha district in both oxide and sulfide deposits, and ongoing exploration efforts, are leveraging learnings from mined deposits and advances in exploration technologies and tools to extend the mine life.
Chapter 26: Geology of the Hishikari Gold Deposit, Kagoshima, Japan
Authors: Seto Takayuki , Yamato Yu , Sekine Ryota , Izawa Eiji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The bonanza-grade, low-sulfidation epithermal Hishikari gold deposit is located in the Plio-Pleistocene volcanic area of southern Kyushu, Japan. The concealed veins were discovered in 1981 and the mine has since produced 5.462 million metric tons (Mt) of ore averaging 44.3 g/t Au (242 t Au) from 1985 to the end of 2018, at which time reserves were 7.98 Mt at 20.9 g/t Au.
The Hishikari deposit consists of the Honko, Sanjin, and Yamada ore zones, which occur in a NE-trending area 2.8 km long and 1.0 km wide. The veins are hosted by basement sedimentary rocks of the Cretaceous Shimanto Supergroup and by overlying Hishikari Lower Andesites of Pleistocene age. Sinter occurs about 100 m above the Yamada ore zone. Temperature-controlled hydrothermal alteration zones occupy an area of &gt;5 km long and 2 km wide. The Honko and Sanjin veins occur within a chlorite-illite alteration zone (paleotemperature &gt;230°C), whereas the Yamada veins occur within an interstratified clay mineral zone (150°–230°C). The marginal alteration comprises quartz-smectite (100°–150°C) and cristobalite-smectite (&lt;100°C) zones.
Ore-grade veins are located between –60- and 120-m elev, with the paleowater table over the Honko-Sanjim veins at ~300-m elev. Overall, the Ag/Au wt ratio is about 0.6. Vein-forming minerals consist of quartz, adularia, and clay minerals plus truscottite, with electrum and minor pyrite, chalcopyrite, naumannite, galena, and sphalerite. The major veins formed from repeated episodes of boiling and strong fluid flow inferred from bands of quartz, adularia, and smectite with bladed quartz, columnar adularia, and truscottite.
Knowledge and awareness of genetic test available for risk of breast cancer among female students in UiTM
Authors: Syed Hussin Sharifah Norliana 
Published: September 2021

Background: Malaysians are less likely to be highly exposed of the information regarding genetic tests as compared to citizens of developed countries in the world. In addition to that, little is known about the level of knowledge and awareness of the genetic testing for risk of breast cancer detection among the students in University Technology Mara (UiTM).
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional with correlational design study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among medical and non-medical undergraduate students of University Technology Mara (UiTM). The population from which the convenience sample gathered were those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this study.
Results: Three hundred and eighty six (386) respondents were involved in present study, (50.8%) of them were familiar with the existence of the test while the remaining (49.2%) did not know about the genetic tests available for detecting gene mutations. Regards their interest in genetic testing to detect inheritable mutations, (35.8%) of them were definitely interest in the test, (38.3%) of them were probably interest in the test, (20.7%) of them were considering the test and the remaining (5.2%) have no interest in the test at all. About their awareness of the genetic test available for mutations detections, majority of them, (67.9%), agreed to get tested in order to learn of their own risk in getting breast cancer. In terms of their reason to avoid being tested, many of them, (40.7%) mentioned that the main reason is if the result comes out positive for genetic mutations, it will disrupt their daily lives.
Conclusion: There were mild level of knowledge and moderate level of awareness about breast cancer genetic tests, but the respondents showed high level of interest towards genetic test available for breast cancer risk detection. Educational materials and programs may increase knowledge and awareness about the genetic test available for detection of inheritable mutations. The effectiveness of the educational strategies shall be tested in the future.
Social Innovation Hackathon for Driving Innovation in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
Authors: Dabral Ambika , Bajwa Sukhreet , Shioyama Satsuki , Chatterjee Ranit , Shaw Rajib 
Published: September 2021

Time and again, disasters bring forth various challenges concerning risk communication, disaster-resilient infrastructure, last-mile delivery, disaster reporting, etc. These challenges often highlight the existing gap between research and academicians, and the policymakers and practitioners. Secondly, it brings forth the lack of adequate collaboration among experts and practitioners of different fields. Most of these challenges require innovative and low-cost solutions catering to local and contextualized problems, and calls for a multi- and transdisciplinary approach and collaboration. With this vision, amidst the current pandemic of COVID-19, Resilience Innovation Knowledge Academy (RIKA) India, Indo-Japan Laboratory (Keio University, Japan) and four partnering universities have launched the Social Innovation Online Hackathon (SIOH) 2020. SIOH aims to provide a unique virtual platform to student innovators and mission-driven entrepreneurs from different fields like architecture, engineering, disaster management, etc., to collaborate and develop innovative solutions for tackling the pandemic and future disasters. The paper aims to introduce SIOH and its four-step process as a tool of multi-disciplinary collaboration to promote innovation for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). Besides the critical outcomes of the SIOH, the paper seeks to flag some indirect positive impacts of such an exercise. Among others, these include, firstly, the introduction of the field of DRR to academicians and practitioners of other sectors, thereby paving the way for its mainstreaming in other sectors. Secondly, such an exercise involving young students envisages to invoke a spirit of inquiry and innovation, which is crucial for bringing social change. Thirdly, it highlights the critical role of proper sectoral mentorship in handholding the young innovators in their journey of building resilient societies.
One-Dimensional Modeling of Triple-Pass Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger in the Parabolic Trough Solar Air Collector
Authors: Minh Phu Nguyen , Thien Tu Ngo 
Published: September 2021

The parabolic trough solar collector has a very high absorber tube temperature due to the concentration of solar radiation. The high temperature leads to large heat loss to the environment which reduces efficiency of the parabolic trough collector. The heat loss reduction can be obtained by adopting a multi-pass fluid flow arrangement. In this chapter, airflow travels in three passes of the receiver to absorb heat from the glass covers and absorber tube to decrease surface temperatures. 1D mathematical model is developed to evaluate effective efficiency and the temperature distribution of surfaces and fluid. The mathematical modeling is based on air temperature gradients and solved by a numerical integration. Diameter ratios of outer glass to inner glass (r23) and inner glass to absorber tube (r12), Reynolds number (Re), and tube length (L) are varied to examine the efficiency and the temperature distribution. Results showed that the highest efficiency is archived at r23 = 1.55 and r12 in the range of 1.45 to 1.5. The efficiency increases with Re and decreases with L due to dominant heat transfer in terms of thermohydraulic behavior of a concentrating solar collector. With the optimum ratios, absorber tube temperature can reduce 15 K compared with another case.
Performance Evaluation of Geometric Modification on the Stability of Road Cut Slope Using FE Based Plaxis Software
Authors: Ayalneh Mekonnen Fentahun 
Published: September 2021

Slope failures are among the common geo-environmental natural hazards in the hilly and mountainous terrain of the world. Specially it is the major difficulty for the development of construction as it causes considerable damage on the infrastructure, human life and property. Different causes of slope failure and stabilization methods are proposed by different scholars. In this study the performance of geometric modification in slope stability was investigated using numerical method. The study uses slope height, slope angle and slope profile i.e. single slope, multi slope and bench slope as a governing parameter in the performance evaluation of geometric modification on the slope stability. The evaluation was conducted on a newly constructed road cut slope using a finite element based plaxis software. The result from performance evaluation of slope profiles show that geometric modification provides better and economical slope stability. The stability of slope decreases with increase in slope height and slope angle leading to an uneconomical design of high slopes in a single slope profile. However, the use of benching improves the stability of cut slope (i.e. the use of 2 m and 3 m bench improves the factor of safety by 7.5% and 12% from single slope profile). The method is more effective in steep slopes. Similarly, the use of a multi slope profile improves the stability of slope in stratified soil with varied strength. The performance is more significant when it is used in combination with benches. The study also provides comparison of slope profiles based on different criteria’s and recommend the selection profile based on site-specific considerations.
An open label randomized controlled trial of tamoxifen combined with amphotericin B and fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Ngan Nguyen Thi Thuy , Thanh Hoang Le Nhat , Vi Vi Nguyen Ngo , Van Ninh Thi Thanh , Mai Nguyen Thi Hoang , Van Anh Duong , Trieu Phan Hai , Lan Nguyen Phu Huong , Phu Nguyen Hoan , Chau Nguyen Van Vinh , Lalloo David G , Hope William , Beardsley Justin , White Nicholas J , Geskus Ronald , Thwaites Guy E , Krysan Damian , Tai Luong Thi Hue , Kestelyn Evelyne , Binh Tran Quang , Hung Le Quoc , Tung Nguyen Le Nhu , Day Jeremy N 
Published: September 2021

Background:Cryptococcal meningitis has high mortality. Flucytosine is a key treatment but is expensive and rarely available. The anticancer agent tamoxifen has synergistic anti-cryptococcal activity with amphotericin in vitro. It is off-patent, cheap, and widely available. We performed a trial to determine its therapeutic potential.Methods:Open label randomized controlled trial. Participants received standard care – amphotericin combined with fluconazole for the first 2 weeks – or standard care plus tamoxifen 300 mg/day. The primary end point was Early Fungicidal Activity (EFA) – the rate of yeast clearance from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03112031.Results:Fifty patients were enrolled (median age 34 years, 35 male). Tamoxifen had no effect on EFA (−0.48log10 colony-forming units/mL/CSF control arm versus −0.49 tamoxifen arm, difference −0.005log10CFU/ml/day, 95% CI: −0.16, 0.15, p=0.95). Tamoxifen caused QTc prolongation.Conclusions:High-dose tamoxifen does not increase the clearance rate of Cryptococcus from CSF. Novel, affordable therapies are needed.Funding:The trial was funded through the Wellcome Trust Asia Programme Vietnam Core Grant 106680 and a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship to JND grant number WT097147MA.
Identification of Five Acylated Anthocyanins and Determination of Antioxidant Contents of Total Extracts of a Purple-Fleshed Ipomoea batatas L. Variety Grown in Burkina Faso
Authors: Saga Kaboré Dominique , Héma Adama , Kabré Elie , Bazié Raoul , Sakira Abdoul Karim , Koala Moumouni , Koussao Somé Paul-André , Palé Eloi , Issa Somé Touridomon , Duez Pierre 
Published: September 2021

Anthocyanins are bioactive compounds, which thanks to their anti-free radical properties, can protect the human body against oxidative stress. The latter can cause many diseases, such as cancer, aging. The extract of the green cap purple variety of the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is active against the radical ABTS. Its antioxidant content is estimated at 0.183 mg E TEAC/ g fresh material. The characterization of anthocyanins was performed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-UV (HPLC-MS-UV) and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analyses. These analyses allowed the identification of five anthocyanic compounds. These are: cyanidin 3-(6''-caffeoyl- 6'''-p-hydroxybenzoyl sophoroside) -5-glucoside; cyanidin 3-(6''-feruloyl 6'''-caffeoyl sophoroside) -5-glucoside; peonidin 3-(6'''-caffeoyl sophoroside)-5-glucoside; peonidin 3-(6''-caffeoyl-6'''-p-hydroxybenzoyl sophoroside) -5-glucoside; and peonidin 3-(6''-feruloyl -6'''-caffeoyl sophoroside)-5-glucoside.
Psychological Effects of COVID-19 and Preliminary Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Gulick Sarah H. , Mandel Steven , Maitz Edward A. , Brigham Christopher R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus affects the mental health of many. Isolation, fear of infection, and social distancing may affect psychological functioning. Research continues to evolve and reveal the psychological symptoms reported by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychosis have been reported in the literature for COVID-19 patients. Potential preliminary treatment recommendations include various forms of psychotherapy, such as dialectical behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. More research should be done regarding other additional treatment recommendations that may facilitate psychological healing in COVID-19 patients.
Rhodocista
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRho.do.ci'sta Gr. neut. n.rhodon, rose; L. fem. n.cistaa basket; N.L. fem. n.Rhodocista, red basket.Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Azospirillaceae / RhodocistaRhodocista centenariais a well‐characterized thermotolerant, phototrophic purple bacterium growing optimally at a temperature of 40–45°C and a maximal growth temperature of 48°C. Under low nutrient conditions,Rhodocistaforms desiccation‐, heat‐, and UV‐resistant cysts, which enable survival under severe drought and salt stress. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum in liquid culture but in addition form lateral flagella on agar surfaces and under these conditions may show a characteristic phototactic movement.Rhodocistaspecies grow under photoheterotrophic conditions and also are able to perform a chemotrophic aerobic metabolism. They encode enzymes for autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation and fixation of dinitrogen, although autotrophic growth has so far not been demonstrated. In the type species, bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Aerobically grown cells are fully pigmented. In other species, oxygen may inhibit photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, and aerobically grown cells are colorless.DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.8–69.9 (Tm), 70.5 (WGS).Type species:Rhodocista (Rcs.) centenariaKawasaki et al. 1992, VL48 (basonym:Rhodospirillum centenumFavinger et al. 1989, VL48).
Limnobaculum
Authors: Baek Min‐gyung , Yi Hana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Lim.no.ba'cu.lum. Gr. fem. n.
limne
lake; L. neut. n.
baculum
stick; N.L. neut. n.
Limnobaculum
a rod from the lake.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Budviciaceae / Limnobaculum

The genus
Limnobaculum
belongs to the family
Budviciaceae
of the order
Enterobacterales
. Cells of the genus are facultatively anaerobic, Gram‐stain negative, and nonflagellated rods. They grow well at neutral pH and mesophilic condition without salts. The type strain of the type species was isolated from lake water. The closest relative of this genus is the genus
Pragia
by sharing the highest sequence similarity (97.1%) and by forming a robust monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene and genome trees. The only strain in the genus possesses a single circular chromosome of 3.84 Mb. The major fatty acids are C
14:0
, C
16:0
, C
12:0
aldehyde and/or unknown 10.928, C
16:1
ω6
c
and/or C
16:1
ω7
c
, and C
18:1
ω6
c
and/or C
18:1
ω7
c
. The predominant polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and one unidentified phospholipid (PL). The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone 8 (Q‐8), and the minor ones are menaquinone 8 (MK‐8) and demethylmenaquinone‐8 (DMK‐8).

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 46.0 (genome).

Type species
:
Limnobaculum parvum
Baek et al. 2019
VP
.
3D Printing of Superhydrophobic Objects with Bulk Nanostructure
Authors: Dong Zheqin , Vuckovac Maja , Cui Wenjuan , Zhou Quan , Ras Robin H. A. , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of 3D printing (or additive manufacturing) technologies demands new materials with novel properties and functionalities. Superhydrophobic materials, owing to their ultralow water adhesion, self‐cleaning, anti‐biofouling, or superoleophilic properties are useful for myriad applications involving liquids. However, the majority of the methods for making superhydrophobic surfaces have been based on surface functionalization and coatings, which are challenging to apply to 3D objects. Additionally, these coatings are vulnerable to abrasion due to low mechanical stability and limited thickness. Here, a new materials concept and methodology for 3D printing of superhydrophobic macroscopic objects with bulk nanostructure and almost unlimited geometrical freedom is presented. The method is based on a specific ink composed of hydrophobic (meth)acrylate monomers and porogen solvents, which undergoes phase separation upon photopolymerization to generate inherently nanoporous and superhydrophobic structures. Using a desktop Digital Light Processing printer, superhydrophobic 3D objects with complex shapes are demonstrated, with ultralow and uniform water adhesion measured with scanning droplet adhesion microscopy. It is shown that the 3D‐printed objects, owing to their nanoporous structure throughout the entire volume, preserve their superhydrophobicity upon wear damage. Finally, a superhydrophobic 3D‐printed gas‐permeable and water‐repellent microfluidic device and a hierarchically structured 3D‐printed super‐oil‐absorbent are demonstrated.
Iodine Catalyzed C2‐H Formamidation of Quinoline N‐Oxides using Isocyanides: A Metal‐Free Approach
Authors: Anugu Naveenkumar , Thunga Sanjeeva , Golla Sivaparwathi , Kokatla Hari Prasad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA molecular iodine catalyzed regioselective insertion of isocyanide into C2‐H of quinoline N‐oxides has been developed. The reaction proceeds through the nucleophilic addition of isocyanide on quinoline N‐oxides followed by rearrangement in presence of iodine. This metal‐free reaction affords rapid access to quinoline 2‐formamides with exceptional functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope and 100% atom‐economy. A library of 33 N‐(2‐quinolinyl)formamides are synthesized, which may find applications in pharmaceuticals and synthetic chemistry.magnified image