bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FTLD Patient–Derived Fibroblasts Show Defective Mitochondrial Function and Accumulation of p62
Authors: Leskelä Stina , Hoffmann Dorit , Rostalski Hannah , Huber Nadine , Wittrahm Rebekka , Hartikainen Päivi , Korhonen Ville , Leinonen Ville , Hiltunen Mikko , Solje Eino , Remes Anne M. , Haapasalo Annakaisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFrontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a clinically, genetically, and neuropathologically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative syndromes, leading to progressive cognitive dysfunction and frontal and temporal atrophy. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (C9-HRE) is the most common genetic cause of FTLD, but pathogenic mechanisms underlying FTLD are not fully understood. Here, we compared cellular features and functional properties, especially related to protein degradation pathways and mitochondrial function, of FTLD patient–derived skin fibroblasts from C9-HRE carriers and non-carriers and healthy donors. Fibroblasts from C9-HRE carriers were found to produce RNA foci, but no dipeptide repeat proteins, and they showed unchanged levels of C9orf72 mRNA transcripts. The main protein degradation pathways, the ubiquitin–proteasome system and autophagy, did not show alterations between the fibroblasts from C9-HRE-carrying and non-carrying FTLD patients and compared to healthy controls. An increase in the number and size of p62-positive puncta was evident in fibroblasts from both C9-HRE carriers and non-carriers. In addition, several parameters of mitochondrial function, namely, basal and maximal respiration and respiration linked to ATP production, were significantly reduced in the FTLD patient–derived fibroblasts from both C9-HRE carriers and non-carriers. Our findings suggest that FTLD patient–derived fibroblasts, regardless of whether they carry the C9-HRE expansion, show unchanged proteasomal and autophagic function, but significantly impaired mitochondrial function and increased accumulation of p62 when compared to control fibroblasts. These findings suggest the possibility of utilizing FTLD patient–derived fibroblasts as a platform for biomarker discovery and testing of drugs targeted to specific cellular functions, such as mitochondrial respiration.
Automation and sectoral reallocation
Authors: Hutschenreiter Dennis C. , Santini Tommaso , Vella Eugenia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEmpirical evidence in Dauth et al. (J Eur Econ Assoc, 2021) suggests that industrial robot adoption in Germany has led to a sectoral reallocation of employment from manufacturing to services, leaving total employment unaffected. We rationalize this evidence through the lens of a general equilibrium model with two sectors, matching frictions and endogenous participation. Automation induces firms to create fewer vacancies and job seekers to search less in the automatable sector (manufacturing). The service sector expands due to the sectoral complementarity in the production of the final good and a positive wealth effect for the household. Analysis across steady states shows that the reduction in manufacturing employment can be offset by the increase in service employment. The model can also replicate the magnitude of the decline in the ratio of manufacturing employment to service employment in Germany between 1994 and 2014.
The Effects of Anhedonia in Social Context
Authors: Barkus Emma 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic symptom comprising reduced subjective reward or pleasure. Anhedonia influences subjective anticipation and in-the-moment experiences. This review draws together affective learning and engagement evidence for anhedonia affecting subjective experiences of social environments.

Recent Findings
While social engagement is diminished consistently, subjective appraisals of social contexts vary across different mental health disorders. Low positive affect during social experiences or stimuli is reported in PTSD, mood, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. Diminished neural reward networks underpin the anticipation of social experiences in ADHD, schizophrenia spectrum, and autistic spectrum disorders. Multiple theories exist to explain how anhedonia might interfere with social environments.

Summary
Anhedonia is a barrier to engagement, motivation, and enjoyment of social contexts. While many studies characterize experiences during social contexts, learning theories provide the most promise for developing targeted interventions.
Modelling of temperature and strain rate dependent behaviour of pearlitic steel in block braked railway wheels
Authors: Esmaeili Ali , Ahlström Johan , Ekh Magnus , Nikas Dimitrios , Vernersson Tore 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBlock braked railway wheels are subjected to thermal and rolling contact loading. The thermal loading results in high temperatures and thermal stresses which cause slow time dependent processes such as creep, relaxation and static recovery of the wheel material. At the same time, the rolling contact loading implies a very fast mechanical load application. This paper is focused on material modeling of pearlitic steel for a wide range of loading rates at elevated temperatures. The starting point is a viscoplasticity model including nonlinear isotropic and kinematic hardening. The Delobelle overstress function is employed to capture strain rate dependent response of the material. The model also includes static recovery of the hardening to capture slower viscous (diffusion dominated) behaviour of the material. Experiments for the pearlitic wheel steel ER7 in terms of cyclic strain-controlled uniaxial tests with hold-time, uniaxial ratchetting tests including rapid cycles and biaxial cyclic tests with tension/compression and torsion are used to calibrate the material model. These experiments were performed under isothermal conditions at different temperatures. In the ratchetting tests, higher loading rates are obtained and these have been used to calibrate the high strain rate response of the viscoplasticity model. The paper is concluded with a numerical example of a block braked wheel where the importance of accounting for the viscoplasticity in modelling is highlighted.
Probabilistic network sparsification with ego betweenness
Authors: Kaveh Amin , Magnani Matteo , Rohner Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSparsification is the process of decreasing the number of edges in a network while one or more topological properties are preserved. For probabilistic networks, sparsification has only been studied to preserve the expected degree of the nodes. In this work we introduce a sparsification method to preserve ego betweenness. Moreover, we study the effect of backboning and density on the resulting sparsified networks. Our experimental results show that the sparsification of high density networks can be used to efficiently and accurately estimate measures from the original network, with the choice of backboning algorithm only partially affecting the result.
„Die Errettung der äußeren Wirklichkeit durch den Film“? Optische Erlösungsmomente im Werk Siegfried Kracauers zwischen Metaphysik und populärer Kultur
Authors: Heinze Carsten 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag setzt sich mit dem Zusammenhang von Religion und Metaphysik auf der einen und Kino, Film und Fotografie als Ausdruck populärer Kultur auf der anderen Seite im Werk Siegfried Kracauers auseinander. Es wird gezeigt, dass Kracauers Zugänge zum Film und die Bedeutung, die er visuellen Medien wie der Fotografie und dem Film für die Kultur der Moderne zuschreibt, sich mit seinen frühen Arbeiten zu Metaphysik und Religion spannungsreich in Beziehung setzen lassen und dieses Spannungsverhältnis sich auch in seinen späteren Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Film fortschreibt. Dem Film werden verschiedene Funktionen, vor allem ein „Erlösungsmoment“, in diesem Spannungsverhältnis zugeschrieben, das vor dem Hintergrund seiner frühen metaphysischen Schriften zu verstehen ist. Es wird gezeigt, dass dieses „Erlösungsmoment“ auch in seinem letzten großen Werk, das sich der Geschichte widmet, noch einmal aufgegriffen, problematisiert und verarbeitet wird.
Pseudo-Riemannian geometry encodes information geometry in optimal transport
Authors: Wong Ting-Kam Leonard , Yang Jiaowen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOptimal transport and information geometry both study geometric structures on spaces of probability distributions. Optimal transport characterizes the cost-minimizing movement from one distribution to another, while information geometry originates from coordinate invariant properties of statistical inference. Their relations and applications in statistics and machine learning have started to gain more attention. In this paper we give a new differential-geometric relation between the two fields. Namely, the pseudo-Riemannian framework of Kim and McCann, which provides a geometric perspective on the fundamental Ma–Trudinger–Wang (MTW) condition in the regularity theory of optimal transport maps, encodes the dualistic structure of statistical manifold. This general relation is described using the framework of c-divergence under which divergences are defined by optimal transport maps. As a by-product, we obtain a new information-geometric interpretation of the MTW tensor on the graph of the transport map. This relation sheds light on old and new aspects of information geometry. The dually flat geometry of Bregman divergence corresponds to the quadratic cost and the pseudo-Euclidean space, and the logarithmic $$L^{(\alpha )}$$

L

(
α
)

-divergence introduced by Pal and the first author has constant sectional curvature in a sense to be made precise. In these cases we give a geometric interpretation of the information-geometric curvature in terms of the divergence between a primal-dual pair of geodesics.
Can Parametric Microinsurance Improve the Financial Resilience of Low-Income Households in the United States?
Authors: Kousky Carolyn , Wiley Helen , Shabman Len 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNatural disaster risk is escalating around the globe and in the United States. A large body of research has found that lower-income households disproportionally suffer from disasters and are less likely to recover. Poorer households often lack the financial resources for rebuilding, endangering other aspects of wellbeing. Parametric microinsurance has been used in many developing countries to improve the financial resilience of low-income households. This paper presents a review of the evidence for implementing parametric microinsurance in the U.S., with spillover lessons for other highly developed countries. We discuss the benefits and the challenges of microinsurance in a US context and explore 4 possible distribution models that could help overcome difficulties, with policies being provided: (1) by an aggregator, (2) through a mobile-based technology, (3) by linking to other products or retailers, or (4) through a public sector insurer.
Implication of pulsar timing array experiments on cosmological gravitational wave detection
Authors: Yokoyama Jun’ichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGravitational waves provide a new probe of the Universe which can reveal a number of cosmological and astrophysical phenomena that cannot be observed by electromagnetic waves. Different frequencies of gravitational waves are detected by different means. Among them, precision measurements of pulsar timing provides a natural detector for gravitational waves with light-year scale wavelengths. In this review, first a basic framework to detect a stochastic gravitational wave background using pulsar timing array is introduced, and then possible interpretations of the latest observational result of 12.5-year NANOGrav data are described.
An outbreak of serotype 19A pneumococcal pneumonia in a relief facility in Japan
Authors: Nagano Kei , Kawasaki Satoshi , Moro Hiroshi , Chang Bin , Bamba Yuuki , Yamamoto Ayako , Morita Masatomo , Ohnishi Makoto , Shibata Satoshi , Koizumi Takeshi , Aoki Nobumasa , Honma Yasuo , Abe Tetsuya , Koya Toshiyuki , Aoki Nobuki , Kikuchi Toshiaki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn outbreak of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae occurred among the residents of a relief facility. Pneumonia developed in 5 of 99 residents (attack rate, 5.1%). We obtained pharyngeal specimens from non-onset residents, and S. pneumoniae was isolated from 6 individuals (6.4%), 5 of whom had serotype 19A.
Efforts to regulate antibiotic misuse in hospitals: A history
Authors: Kazanjian Powel H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractToday, most hospitals have implemented regulatory programs designed to curtail the antimicrobial misuse that has fueled resistance. In this paper, I trace the history of resistance and efforts to mitigate antibiotic overuse in the hospital. Medical investigators in the 1950s argued that the difficulties posed by resistant bacteria in the hospital were even more worrisome than the problems that antibiotics were intended to solve. These investigators sought to reform physician habits that they believed, left unchecked, would accelerate resistance and hasten the end of the antibiotic era. When their methods of education failed to change physician’s prescribing habits voluntarily, external restrictions were imposed. Today’s antimicrobial stewardship programs represent the newest version of a series of efforts that began in the mid-twentieth century to reform antibiotic misuse and to control resistant microbes in the hospital.
Association between Clostridioides difficile infection testing results and decision to treat
Authors: Evans Martin E. , McCauley Brian P. , Simbartl Loretta A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe sought to determine how often patients with a negative toxin enzyme immunoassay following a positive nucleic acid amplification test for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) were treated for CDI in Veterans Affairs facilities. From October 2018 through March 2021, 702 (29.5%) of 2,374 unique patients with these test results were treated.
Capturing causation in political science: the perspective of research design
Authors: Curini Luigi , Damonte Alessia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the last decades, ‘research design’ has become a strategic topic across political science. An emerging discourse relies on it to encompass paradigmatic oppositions and cultivate a pluralist approach to causation. As an introduction to the special issue on the topic, we offer an outline of the roles that the discipline recognizes to design in its relation to models and contend that, in a time of fascination for predictors, political science pluralism allows for balancing interpretability and validity of findings at once.
Tracking changes in body composition: comparison of methods and influence of pre-assessment standardisation
Authors: Tinsley Grant M. , Harty Patrick S. , Stratton Matthew T. , Smith Robert W. , Rodriguez Christian , Siedler Madelin R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study reports the validity of multiple assessment methods for tracking changes in body composition over time and quantifies the influence of unstandardised pre-assessment procedures. Resistance-trained males underwent 6 weeks of structured resistance training alongside a hyperenergetic diet, with four total body composition evaluations. Pre-intervention, body composition was estimated in standardised (i.e. overnight fasted and rested) and unstandardised (i.e. no control over pre-assessment activities) conditions within a single day. The same assessments were repeated post-intervention, and body composition changes were estimated from all possible combinations of pre-intervention and post-intervention data. Assessment methods included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), air displacement plethysmography, three-dimensional optical imaging, single- and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, bioimpedance spectroscopy and multi-component models. Data were analysed using equivalence testing, Bland–Altman analysis, Friedman tests and validity metrics. Most methods demonstrated meaningful errors when unstandardised conditions were present pre- and/or post-intervention, resulting in blunted or exaggerated changes relative to true body composition changes. However, some methods – particularly DXA and select digital anthropometry techniques – were more robust to a lack of standardisation. In standardised conditions, methods exhibiting the highest overall agreement with the four-component model were other multi-component models, select bioimpedance technologies, DXA and select digital anthropometry techniques. Although specific methods varied, the present study broadly demonstrates the importance of controlling and documenting standardisation procedures prior to body composition assessments across distinct assessment technologies, particularly for longitudinal investigations. Additionally, there are meaningful differences in the ability of common methods to track longitudinal body composition changes.
Lichens and microbial syntrophies offer models for an interdependent route to multicellularity
Authors: Libby Eric , Ratcliff William C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe evolution of multicellularity paved the way for significant increases in biological complexity. Although multicellularity has evolved many times independently, we know relatively little about its origins. Directed evolution is a promising approach to studying early steps in this major transition, but current experimental systems have examined only a subset of the possible evolutionary routes to multicellularity. Here we consider egalitarian routes to multicellularity, in which unrelated unicellular organisms evolve to become a multicellular organism. Inspired by microbial syntrophies and lichens, we outline three such routes from a system of different species to an interdependent relationship that replicates. We compare these routes to contemporary experimental systems and consider how physical structure, the threat of invasion, division of labour and co-transmission affect their evolution.
Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 lineage development across the first and second waves in Eastern Germany in 2020: insights into the cause of the second wave
Authors: Yi Buqing , Poetsch Anna R. , Stadtmüller Marlena , Rost Fabian , Winkler Sylke , Dalpke Alexander H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In Germany, Eastern regions had a mild first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from March to May 2020, but were badly hit by a second wave later in autumn and winter. It is unknown how the second wave was initiated and developed in Eastern Germany where the number of COVID-19 cases was close to zero in June and July 2020. We used genomic epidemiology to investigate the dynamic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage development across the first and second waves in Eastern Germany. With detailed phylogenetic analyses we could show that SARS-CoV-2 lineages prevalent in the first and second waves in Eastern Germany were different, with several new variants including four predominant lineages in the second wave, having been introduced into Eastern Germany between August and October 2020. The results indicate that the major driving force behind the second wave was the introduction of new variants.
Saliva detection of SARS-CoV-2 for mitigating company outbreaks: a surveillance experience, Milan, Italy, March 2021
Authors: Ottaviano Emerenziana , Parodi Chiara , Borghi Elisa , Massa Valentina , Gervasini Cristina , Centanni Stefano , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo ,   LollipopStudy Group, Bianchi Silvia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Monitoring the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) community-wide transmission with a suitable and effective sampling method would be of great support for public health response to the spreading due to asymptomatic subjects in the community.
Here, we describe how using saliva samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection has allowed for a weekly surveillance of a small business company and the early detection of coronavirus disease 2019 cases.
As on 23rd March, two cases were detected and investigated, and control measures were rapidly applied.
Charting elimination in the pandemic: a SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey of blood donors in New Zealand
Authors: Carlton Lauren H. , Chen Tiffany , Whitcombe Alana L. , McGregor Reuben , Scheurich Greg , Sheen Campbell R. , Dickson James M. , Bullen Chris , Chiang Annie , Exeter Daniel J. , Paynter Janine , Baker Michael G. , Charlewood Richard , Moreland Nicole J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
New Zealand has a strategy of eliminating SARS-CoV-2 that has resulted in a low incidence of reported coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to describe the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in New Zealand via a nationwide serosurvey of blood donors. Samples (n = 9806) were collected over a month-long period (3 December 2020–6 January 2021) from donors aged 16–88 years. The sample population was geographically spread, covering 16 of 20 district health board regions. A series of Spike-based immunoassays were utilised, and the serological testing algorithm was optimised for specificity given New Zealand is a low prevalence setting. Eighteen samples were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, six of which were retrospectively matched to previously confirmed COVID-19 cases. A further four were from donors that travelled to settings with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, suggesting likely infection outside New Zealand. The remaining eight seropositive samples were from seven different district health regions for a true seroprevalence estimate, adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity, of 0.103% (95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.12%). The very low seroprevalence is consistent with limited undetected community transmission and provides robust, serological evidence to support New Zealand's successful elimination strategy for COVID-19.
Food for teens: how social media is associated with adolescent eating outcomes
Authors: Qutteina Yara , Hallez Lotte , Raedschelders Maxime , De Backer Charlotte , Smits Tim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the relationship between exposure to social media food messages and self-reported adolescent eating outcomes (including food intake, perceived norms and food literacy).Design:A cross-sectional survey was used to assess reported exposure to core and non-core food messages (including marketing messages) on social media, as well as reported food intake, perceived norms, food literacy, attitudes, self-regulation, among others.Setting:18 secondary schools across Flanders, Belgium.Participants:1002 adolescents 11–19 years of age.Results:Self-reported exposure to food marketing and overall food messages on social media was positively associated with eating attitudes, behaviours, perceived norms and food literacy among adolescents. Interestingly, the relationship between food exposure and intake was shaped differently depending on food type; descriptive norms mediated the positive relationship between non-core food social media exposure and non-core food intake (e.g. indirect effect estimate on self-reported sweets consumption is 0·005,se0·002,P< 0·01), while food literacy mediated the positive relationship between core food social media exposure and core food intake (e.g. indirect effect estimate on self-reported vegetable consumption is 0·01,se0·003,P< 0·000).Conclusions:This study highlights the significance of social media in relation to adolescent eating. There is an opportunity for health professionals to use social media in the promotion of core food among adolescents. We call for relevant policy actions to regulate the marketing of non-core food to adolescents on social media.