bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipoprotein lipase variants interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids to modulate obesity traits in Puerto Ricans (1037.7)
Authors: Ma Yiyi , Tucker Katherine , Smith Caren , Lee Yu‐Chi , Huang Tao , Lai Chao‐Qiang , Parnell Laurence , Richardson Kris , Ordovas Jose 
Published: June 2021

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a candidate gene for obesity based on its role in metabolism of lipids and fatty acids. Our objective was to define the interaction between dietary fatty acids and LPL variants to modulate obesity traits. Based on known association with blood lipids and obesity, five single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs320, rs2083637, rs17411031, rs13702, rs2197089) were selected for the analysis in 1171 participants (333 men and 838 women, aged 45‐75 y) of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. rs320 interacted with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), respectively, in both categorical (P=0.01 and 0.02) and continuous analysis (P=0.009 and 0.004). Higher intake of PUFA was associated with lower BMI and WC, respectively, in major allele homozygotes (TT) according to both categorical (P=0.03 and 0.01) and continuous analysis (P=0.01 and 0.004) but not in carriers of the minor allele (TG+GG). The other variants showed no such associations. To conclude, dietary PUFA interacted with LPL rs320 for anthropometric traits in a Puerto Rican population. These interactions may have implications for genotype‐based dietary recommendations for obesity prevention in US Hispanics.Grant Funding Source: P01AG023394, HL54776, DK075030, 53‐K06‐5‐10, 58‐1950‐9‐001
Changes in signaling pathways through NOD2 in high fat diet‐induced obesity is associated with inflammatory response in immune cells (1037.8)
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Kim Hye‐Kyeong , Park Chan Yoon , Park Jeong Min , Han Sung Nim 
Published: June 2021

Previously, we observed higher production of inflammatory cytokines and higher expression of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) by immune cells from obese mice. The changes in signaling pathways through NOD2 protein were investigated to understand the mechanisms involved in inflammatory response associated with obesity. Four‐wk‐old C57BL mice were fed diets containing 10% energy from fat (Control) or 45% energy from fat (HFD) for 18 wks. HFD group gained significantly more weight than the Control. Splenocytes (1 x 107 cells) were stimulated with 10 µg/mL peptidoglycan for 6 or 24 hrs. Production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐1β and IL‐6, were significantly higher in HFD compared with Control. The mRNA levels of Nod2, Nlrp3 and IL‐18 were significantly higher in HFD compared with Control (49%, 89%, and 76% higher in HFD than Control, respectively). The protein expression of NOD2, pIκB/IκB, and caspase‐1 p10 (cleavage form) were higher in HFD compared with Control, but, there was no difference in the expression of pERK/ERK. Increased expression of NOD2 and NLRP3 with obesity might have contributed to higher caspase‐1 activation, leading to higher IL‐18 expression and IL‐1 β production. In conclusion, increased NOD2 expression with obesity seemed to lead to NF‐κB and Caspase‐1 activations, but, not ERK activation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the grant from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea, (NRF‐2010‐0024878).
Polymorphisms in the MGLL gene are associated with plasma LDL‐C response to a marine n‐3 PUFA supplementation (1038.1)
Authors: Ouellette Catherine , Cormier Hubert , Rudkowska Iwona , Lemieux Simone , Couture Patrick , Vohl Marie‐Claude 
Published: June 2021

Omega‐3 (n‐3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation from marine sources has an inconsistent effect on plasma low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels, as some individuals increase their levels while some others do not. Genetic factors may be involved in this inter‐individual variability observed in LDL‐C levels in response to an n‐3 PUFA supplementation. The objective of this study was to test whether SNPs within the MGLL gene, encoding the monoglyceride lipase, explain inter‐individual variability observed in plasma LDL‐C levels after an n‐3 PUFA supplementation. A total of 208 subjects consumed 5 g/d of a fish oil supplement, containing 1.9‐2.2g EPA and 1.1g DHA, for 6 weeks. Plasma lipids were measured before and after the supplementation. SNPs rs782440 and rs6776142 from MGLL were genotyped using the TaqMan technology (Life Technologies Inc. Burlington, ON, Canada). Results show that for rs782440 and rs6776142, there were differences in the mean variation in LDL‐C (delta LDL) between genotype groups (C/C, C/T and T/T) in an ANOVA adjusted for age, sex and BMI. Also, a chi‐square test showed differences in genotype frequencies for rs782440 (p<0.05) between responders and non‐responders defined on the basis of delta LDL, as well as a tendency for rs6776142 (p=0.099). In conclusion, two SNPs of the MGLL gene may influence the plasma LDL‐C variation in response to an n‐3 PUFA supplementation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CIHR
The CETP polymorphism rs5882 is associated with triglyceride lowering in response to plant sterol consumption (1038.3)
Authors: MacKay Dylan , Eck Peter , Baer David , Jones Peter 
Published: June 2021

Plant sterol (PS) consumption may lower triglyceride (TG) concentrations. However, human clinical trial evidence is inconsistent, with only some trials showing TG reductions. This heterogeneity in responsiveness of TG concentrations to PS consumption could have a genetic basis. Our objective was to investigate whether SNPs in genes related to TG metabolism could be associated with changes in TG concentrations following PS consumption. 63 mildly hypercholesterolemic adults, pre‐assessed for cholesterol synthesis using lathosterol to cholesterol ratio (L/C) (High, n=24, L/C = 2.03 ± 0.39 umol/mmol; Low, n=39, L/C =0.99±0.28 umol/mmol) consumed either 2g/d (free sterol) of PS ester or placebo in margarine for 28 d in a dual‐center, single‐blind, randomized, crossover design. Serum TG concentrations were measured at the end of each phase. Candidate SNPs and ApoE variant were accessed by TaqMan assay. PS consumption did not lower TG overall (p=0.0506), but had an interaction with rs5882 in CETP (p=0.0080). Homozygous minor allele (G/G=‐0.47mmol/L, p=0.0002, n=10) carriers of rs5882 had reductions in TG concentrations with PS consumption, while A/A (+0.01mmol/L, p =0.6634, n=25) and A/G (‐0.04mmol/L, p= 0.3399, n=28) carriers did not. rs5882 in CETP associated with TG lowering due to PS consumption, and could serve as a genetic marker to identify individuals who derive TG lowering benefits from PS consumption.Grant Funding Source: CIHR
Snacking influences adipokine concentration independent of body composition and inflammation in overweight humans (1039.2)
Authors: Clayton Zachary , Fusco Elizabeth , Kass Lisa , Carpenter Jennifer , Hooshmand Shirin , Hong Mee Young , Kern Mark 
Published: June 2021

Adipose tissue is a major energy reserve of the human body. It is also a source of the primary adpidocytokines leptin and adiponectin. The expression of adiponectin, specifically high‐molecular weight adiponectin (HMW‐A), and leptin have been demonstrated to decrease and increase, respectively, in relation to an increase in subcutaneous fat. Furthermore, HMW‐A and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) have been demonstrated to have a reciprocal relationship. Effects of eight weeks of twice daily snacking (100 kcals each) of either a whole food (dried plums) or refined food (low‐fat muffins) on adipokines, body composition and hs‐CRP were assessed. HMW‐A decreased from baseline to eight weeks (p<.05) during the muffin intervention, demonstrating a non‐significant, two‐fold greater decrease than during the dried plum trial. No difference was seen in body weight, body composition, leptin or hs‐CRP. This suggests that the addition of energy through snacking to usual dietary intake, regardless of nutrient composition, may not be advantageous in promoting anthropometric or metabolic alterations in overweight individuals.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the California Dried Plum Board
Carbohydrate‐rich snacks influence plasma glucose, insulin and ghrelin responses in overweight adults (1039.5)
Authors: Fusco Elizabeth , Clayton Zachary , Kass Lisa , Carpenter Jennifer , Hooshmand Shirin , Hong Mee Young , Kern Mark 
Published: June 2021

The effects of a whole food (dried plums; DP) or refined (low‐fat muffins; LFM) snack on satiety and insulin responses following consumption were assessed before and after a snack intervention trial. Forty overweight men and women (age: 36.5 + 11.4, BMI: 32.8 + 7.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to consume isocaloric, macronutrient‐matched 100 kcal snacks twice per day of DP or LFM for 8‐weeks. At baseline and 8 weeks, fasted subjects consumed 238 kcal of their randomly assigned food, and blood samples were collected at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min following intake. Insulin was lower (p蠄0.05) and an earlier peak was observed in DP versus LFM at baseline and 8 weeks. Both groups exhibited lower plasma glucose during the acute response testing after 8 weeks, but glucose peaked earlier in DP than LFM. There were no significant differences in ghrelin concentration over time in either group. These results support the concept that consuming a whole food snack such as dried plums enhances insulin sensitivity as compared to an isocaloric refined snack food, as evidenced by lower insulin concentrations and an earlier peak in insulin and glucose in DP compared to LFM.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the California Dried Plum Board
Effect of hummus on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy individuals (1039.6)
Authors: Kendall Cyril , Esfahani Amin , Campbell Janice , Jenkins Alexandra , Jenkins David 
Published: June 2021

Background: Pulses and chick peas are some of the lowest glycemic index (GI) foods and in clinical studies have been shown to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Hummus, composed of chick peas, vegetable oil and tahini, has a healthy macronutrient profile and is a popular and commonly consumed product. However few studies have assessed the potential health benefits of hummus consumption. The aim of present study was to determine the glycemic index of hummus and to assess the dose response effect of hummus on the post‐prandial blood glucose and insulin responses when consumed alone or when combined with a high carbohydrate food.Methods: 10 healthy participants consumed breakfast study meals, in random order, on eleven occasions over a 6‐10wk period: Study Meals: Phase 1: 1‐3. White Bread (WB) Control (1) (25g available carbohydrate [avCHO]) 4. Hummus (1 serving [28g]) (2.7g avCHO) 5. Hummus (4 servings [112g]) (10.8g avCHO) 6. Hummus (9 servings [259g]) (25g avCHO) Phase 2: 7,8. WB Control (2) (50g av CHO) 9. Hummus (1 serving [28g]) plus WB (50g avCHO) 10. Hummus (2 servings [56g]) plus WB (50g avCHO) 11. Hummus (4 servings [112g]) plus WB (50g avCHO) Postprandial glucose and insulin was measured over a 2hr period for the determination of glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and insulin index (II).Results: To be presented.Grant Funding Source: Sabra Dipping Company
Glycemic response to high‐amylose rice in humans (1039.7)
Authors: Stewart Maria , Zenel Alison 
Published: June 2021

Rice is a staple carbohydrate in many countries. Previous studies have indicated that solid foods with resistant starch (RS) can attenuate glycemic response. The present study investigated the best rice for glycemic control. A single‐blind, randomized, crossover clinical trial was performed with 18 healthy subjects. Three treatments were administered at three separate study visits: short grain rice, high amylose (HA) rice 1, and HA rice 2. Postprandial capillary blood glucose, venous blood glucose and insulin measurements, and appetite visual analogue scale (VAS) surveys were done over the course of two hours. The capillary blood glucose concentrations were significantly lower for HA rice 2 compared to short grain rice at 30 min, and for HA rice 1 and HA rice 2 compared to short grain rice at 45, 60, and 120 min. Capillary blood glucose AUC was significantly lower for HA rice 1 and HA rice 2 compared to short grain rice. Venous insulin concentrations were significantly lower for HA rice 1 and HA rice 2 than short grain rice at 60 min. Subjects were significantly more hungry at 30 minutes after HA rice 1 intake than HA rice 2 intake, but there were no other significant effects in appetite ratings. The present study determined that intake of HA rice can attenuate postprandial blood glucose and insulin response in comparison to short grain rice.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA Hatch project number HA‐262
Effect of resistant starch on subjective appetite and food intake in healthy adults (1040.2)
Authors: Hollis James , Hutchison Christine , Hsu Walter 
Published: June 2021

The effect of replacing rapidly digestible starch with Fibersym® resistant wheat starch was investigated using a randomized, cross‐over study design. Following an overnight fast, 27 healthy adults (aged 23±2 years with a BMI of 23.0±3.0 kg/m2) consumed a fixed‐amount meal of breakfast (muffins) that provided either 2g (control) or 24g (RS) of dietary fiber. The control breakfast provided 777kcal and the RS breakfast 693kcal. Baseline appetite questionnaires and plasma samples were collected and at regular time points for 240 minutes following the breakfast meal. Plasma samples were analyzed for glucose and insulin, ghrelin and GLP‐1. After the final blood draw an ad libitum meal was provided and the amount eaten recorded. Following the lunch meal, food intake was recorded using a food log and hourly appetite questionnaires were collected for the rest of the day. There was no effect of treatment on subjective appetite, plasma glucose, insulin or satiety hormones (>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant effect of treatment on food intake which was 178 kcal lower following the RS breakfast (p<0.05) These results indicate that replacing rapidly digestible starch with resistant wheat starch decreases meal caloric density, which may result in decreased total caloric intake for the day.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Plant Sciences Instutute, Iowa State University
Vitamin E status of the U.S. adult population by use of dietary supplements (1041.7)
Authors: McBurney Michael , Yu Elaine , Ciappio Eric , Bird Julia , Eggersdorfer Manfred , Stoecklin Elisabeth , Mehta Saurabh 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin E is essential for human health and achieving an optimal status is associated with beneficial health outcomes. Given that >90% of Americans are not meeting vitamin E intake recommendations, we assessed serum α‐tocopherol (AT) and related these to an optimal serum concentration (30 µmol/L) found to have the lowest mortality in the Alpha‐Tocopherol Beta‐Carotene study. Cross‐sectional AT status data from the 2003‐2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in adults 蠅20y (excluding pregnant and lactating women) was analyzed. Population (n=7969) mean AT concentrations differed by sex, race/ethnicity, age, and dietary supplement use (p < 0.01). Mean AT concentrations were 29.9, 25.0 and 34.2 µmol/L for the total population, non‐supplement (NS), and supplement (S) users, respectively. S users (49% of subjects) had a lower prevalence (45%) of suboptimal AT concentrations (<30 µmol/L) than NS (81%, p<0.01). In addition to differences (p<0.01) in AT concentrations between S and NS subpopulations by gender and race/ethnicity, a higher proportion of younger than older adults had suboptimal AT concentrations (p<0.01) especially if they were not supplement users: 20‐30y NS (93%) vs S (79%); 31‐50y NS (81%) vs S (54%); 51+y NS (71%) vs S (28%). Despite a low prevalence of overt vitamin E deficiency, many American adults have suboptimal AT status even when supplementing their diet.Grant Funding Source: DSM Nutritional Products LLC
The effect of nitrogen treatment on the anthacyanine and polyphenols content and ORAC factor of Aronia melanocarpa grown in Maryland (1042.5)
Authors: Ndam Tina , Aroh Blessing , Volkis Baruch , Ristvey Andrew , Mathew Sadip , Volkis Victoria 
Published: June 2021

Black chokeberry or Aronia melanocarpa is a small fruit‐bearing shrub in the rose family. Although it is native to Maryland, its range nowadays is from Newfoundland, west to Ontario, south into Alabama, and east to Georgia, and hardy to Zone 3. Aronia is a landscape quality plant, susceptible to few pests and diseases that persist in soils and temperate climatic conditions. It is an ideal candidate for organic fruit production. The Aronia fruit has nutraceutical qualities, heightening its marketability and sales potential as a value‐added product. There is currently great interest in fruits and vegetables that contain high concentrations of flavonoids, considered potent antioxidants. Some recent studies have implicated the relationship between in‐field plant nutrient fertility and antioxidant production in aronia. Here we present the data for the antioxidant content of Aronia melanocarpa as a function of the difference of age, amount of time spent in the sun or shade, and nitrogen treatment levels of crops. We have shown that the level of nitrogen treatment in the soil influences the antioxidant capacity significantly. Detailed measurements and analysis of anthocyanin and polyphenols as well as ORAC factor will be presented and discussed. The aim of the project is to determine the treatment that produces the highest capacity of antioxidants in aronia.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Grant T34GM008411, from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences
Marginal zinc intake impairs mammary gland involution, increases oxidative stress and disrupts ductal integrity abrogating the protective effect of lactation on breast tumorigenesis in a mouse model (1043.3)
Authors: Mack Ronald , Bostanci Zeynep , Alam Samina , Lee Sooyeon , Soybel David , Kelleher Shannon 
Published: June 2021

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. While breastfeeding can reduce breast cancer risk, several studies found no protective effect. We showed that marginal zinc (Zn) intake compromises mammary gland (MG) expansion and function during lactation and is associated with hallmarks of pre‐neoplastic lesions such as collagen deposition, macrophage infiltration, and ductal hyperplasia in the MG of nulliparous mice. Herein, we hypothesized that marginal Zn deficiency abrogates the protective effect of breastfeeding on breast cancer risk. C57BL/6 mice were fed a Zn adequate (ZA; 30mg Zn/kg) or Zn deficient (ZD; 15mg Zn/ kg) diet. Mice were bred, and 2 wk post‐weaning were gavaged with 7,12‐dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA; 1mg/0.1mL corn oil) or corn oil (control) weekly for 4 wk. Tumor progression was monitored for 24 wk. ZD mice had lower matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity (p<0.01) and insufficient involution, shorter tumor latency (p=0.05), and tended to have greater palpable (35% vs 12% p=0.137) and non‐palpable tumors (p=0.08). ZD mice had greater oxidative stress, e‐cadherin expression and collagen deposition in the MG. Moreover, mammary tumors in ZD mice accumulated Zn and had characteristics of a more invasive phenotype. Our results suggest that consuming inadequate dietary Zn may impair post‐ lactational regression and abrogate the protective effect of breastfeeding on breast cancer.Grant Funding Source: Intramural support, Departments of Surgery and Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University
The relationship between toenail Zn and glycemic control in healthy adults (1043.6)
Authors: Lee Okhee , Chung Yongsam , Moon Jongwha 
Published: June 2021

Zinc plays important roles for the maintenance of immunity and anti‐oxidative capacity. It participate in many enzymatic reaction and known to protect from inflammation. Therefore its adequacy is important in decreasing the risks of various degenerative diseases such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Toenail Zn content is recognized as indicator for their long‐term exposure. Furthermore, the toenail is non‐invasive human sample, many countries reported various toenail zinc in their populations. In this study we measured the toenail zinc content in healthy young adults living around Keunggido in Korea by Instrumental Neutron Activation analysis(INAA)‐method using research reactor. Also we assessed the relationship with indicators for glycemic control such as insulin, glucose. The toenail Zn content showed a significant difference by gender. The toenail Zn content correlated positively with serum insulin, but negatively with serum glucose level. However, any relationship between toenail Zn and HOMA‐IR was observed. The toenail Zn content in young adults showed any association with neither hs‐CRP nor neutrophil proportion in blood. In conclusion, this study suggested that the long term Zn status in healthy young adults is associated with status of glycemic control, but not with inflammatory marker.Grant Funding Source: Korea National Research Foundation
Cytokine release by Jurkat T‐lymphocytes is modulated following treatment with polyphenols or Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic extracts (1044.10)
Authors: Richardson Sian , Ford Christopher , Crozier Alan , McArdle Francis , McArdle Anne , Jackson Malcolm 
Published: June 2021

Quercetin and (‐)‐epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) are dietary polyphenols claimed to exert anti‐inflammatory effects. Jurkat T‐lymphocytes were incubated with 5μM quercetin or ECGC for 48h, with or without 25ng/ml phorbol myristoyl acetate and 5μg/ml phytohaemagglutinin (PMA/PHA) at 24h to induce cytokine release. Inflammatory cytokines interleukin 2 (IL2), 8 (IL8) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) were measured. Unexpectedly, polyphenols had no significant anti‐inflammatory effects and EGCG increased IL8 release from stimulated cells by 174±18%. Polyphenols are digested to phenolic acids by the colonic microflora, thus we hypothesised anti‐inflammatory effects may be mediated by these metabolites. Quercetin and EGCG were fermented with normal gut bacteria (E. coli) or probiotic strain (L. rhamnosus) for 6h and phenolic acids were then isolated by solid phase extraction. Jurkat cells were incubated with the extracts for 48h with or without PMA/PHA stimulation at 24h.E. coli extract increased TNFα release from stimulated cells by 268±51% while L. rhamnosus extract reduced IL8 release from unstimulated cells by 34±2%. EGCG fermented with L. rhamnosus increased IL8 release from stimulated cells by 128±16%, consistent with effects of unfermented EGCG. The findings showed anaerobic bacterial fermentation did not modify polyphenol activity, but supported anti‐inflammatory effects of L. rhamnosus.Grant Funding Source: Supported by BBSRC DRINC