bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stromal cells and their phagocytic capacity
Authors: Costela Ruiz Víctor J. , Melguizo Rodríguez Lucía , Illescas Montes Rebeca , García Recio Enrique , Arias Santiago Salvador , Ruiz Concepción , De Luna Bertos Elvira 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have evidenced considerable therapeutic potential in numerous clinical fields, especially in tissue regeneration. The immunological characteristics of this cell population include the expression of Toll‐like receptors and mannose receptors, among others. The study objective was to determine whether MSCs have phagocytic capacity against different target particles. We isolated and characterized three human adipose tissue MSC (HAT‐MSC) lines from three patients and analysed their phagocytic capacity by flow cytometry, using fluorescent latex beads, and by transmission electron microscopy, using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans as biological materials and latex beads as non‐biological material. The results demonstrate that HAT‐MSCs can phagocyte particles of different nature and size. The percentage of phagocytic cells ranged between 33.8% and 56.2% (mean of 44.37% ± 11.253) according to the cell line, and a high phagocytic index was observed. The high phagocytic capacity observed in MSCs, which have known regenerative potential, may offer an advance in the approach to certain local and systemic infections.
Development of thoracic sarcoid reactions associated with complete response to anti‐PD‐1 therapy in a patient with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gambichler T. , Philippou S. , Scheel C.H. , Susok L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), positive efficacy data were reported for anti‐PD‐1 antibodies. However, anti‐PD‐1 treatment is associated with a wide range of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Here, we report on a 78‐year‐old woman with a huge cSCC on the right cheek spanning from the temporal to the cervical region with evidence for infiltration of the parotid gland, right masseter muscle and right auditory canal. Ultrasound revealed cervical, submandibular and supraclavicular lymph node metastases on patient’s right side. On the basis of a medical hardship application, treatment with pembrolizumab was initiated. After two applications, a dramatic regression of the tumour was observed. At this point, the patient was switched to cemiplimab, which, in the meantime, had become available in Germany. After 3 months on cemiplimab, the tumour‐related ulcer on the right cheek showed almost complete regression and all previously affected lymph nodes displayed no evidence for malignancy. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans revealed enlarged mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymph nodes assessed as primarily reactive. Three months later, however, mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymph nodes further increased in size, accompanied by radiological alterations of the lung parenchyma. Lymph node biopsies revealed sarcoid reactions (SRs) including fibrotic non‐caseating epitheloid cell granulomas surrounded by lymphocytes. Since the patient did not display any clinical symptoms, cemiplimab treatment was continued following a 4‐week break. Three months later, CT showed significant regression of the described enlarged lymph nodes and parenchymal lung changes. Twenty months after anti‐PD‐1 treatment, the patient was still in complete remission. In conclusion, we describe, for the first time, the case of a patient with advanced cSCC who developed disseminated thoracic SRs which were associated with dramatic regression of tumour masses. Thus, as with other irAEs, development of SRs might be indicative of an anti‐tumour response to anti‐PD‐1 therapy.
Common things are common, but what is common? Incorporating probability information into differential diagnosis
Authors: Aberegg Scott K. , Callahan Sean J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe well‐known clinical axiom declaring that ‘common things are common’ attests to the pivotal role of probability in diagnosis. Despite the popularity of this and related axioms, there is no operationalized definition of a common disease, and no practicable way of incorporating actual disease frequencies into differential diagnosis. In this essay, we aim to disambiguate the definition of a common (or rare) disease and show that incidence—not prevalence—is the proper metric of disease frequency for differential diagnosis. We explore how numerical estimates of disease frequencies based on incidence can be incorporated into differential diagnosis as well as the inherent limitations of this method. These concepts have important implications for diagnostic decision making and medical education, and hold promise as a method to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Iron accumulation is associated with periodontal destruction in a mouse model of HFE‐related haemochromatosis
Authors: Han Pingping , Liu Tianqing , Vaquette Cedryck , Frazer David , Anderson Gregory , Ivanovski Sašo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Hfe gene mutation on the distribution of iron and periodontal bone loss in periodontal tissues.Background dataIt remains unclear how tissue iron loading affects the periodontium architectures in a genetic animal model of hereditary haemochromatosis (HH).MethodsMale C57BL/6 Hfe
−/− (8 weeks old) and wild‐type (WT) mice were utilized to examine the iron distribution in periodontal tissues, as well as periodontal tissues changes using micro‐computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis. Furthermore, tissue inflammatory mediators, bone markers and periodontal pathogens were carried out in PFA‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues using ELISA, RT‐qPCR and genomic DNA qPCR, respectively.ResultsExcessive iron deposition was found in the periodontal ligament, gingiva and alveolar bone in Hfe
−/− mice relative to their WT counterparts. This, in turn, was associated with significant periodontal bone loss, increased cemento‐enamel junction‐alveolar bone crest distance and decreased expression of molecules involved in bone development and turnover. Furthermore, the pro‐inflammatory cytokine ‐ interleukin 6 and periodontal bacteria – Campylobacter rectus were significantly increased in Hfe
−/− mice compared with WT controls.ConclusionOur results suggest that the iron loading in a mouse model of HH decreases alveolar bone formation and leads to alterations in the inflammatory state in the periodontium. Periodontal health should be assessed during the clinical assessment of HFE‐HH patients.
Association between hyperlipidemia and calcium oxalate lower urinary tract uroliths in dogs
Authors: Paulin Mathieu V , Dunn Marilyn , Vachon Catherine , Beauchamp Guy , Conversy Bérénice 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome is associated with formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths in humans.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between obesity and hyperlipidemia with CaOx lower urinary tract uroliths in client‐owned dogs.AnimalsDogs with (n = 55, U [uroliths]‐dogs) and without (n = 39, UF [uroliths‐free]‐dogs) CaOx lower urinary tract uroliths.MethodsCase‐control study. U‐dogs were retrospectively enrolled and compared to UF‐dogs. Body condition score (BCS; 1‐9 scoring scale), serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (CH) concentrations and glycemia (after >12‐hour food withholding) were recorded in both groups.ResultsOn univariate logistic regression, when excluding Miniature Schnauzers, odds of having uroliths increased by a factor of 3.32 (95% CI 1.38‐11.12) for each mmol/L of TG (P = .027), of 39 (95% CI 9.27‐293.22) for each mmol/L of glycemia (P < .0001), and of 2.43 (95% CI 1.45‐4.45) per unit of BCS (P = .002). In multivariable models, the effect of TG was retained when all breeds were included for analysis and odds of having uroliths increased by a factor of 4.34 per mmol/L of TG (95% CI 1.45‐19.99; P = .02).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSerum lipid screening in dogs diagnosed with CaOx uroliths might be recommended to improve their medical staging and management.
The impact of stay‐at‐home policies on individual welfare*
Authors: Andersson Ola , Campos‐Mercade Pol , Carlsson Fredrik , Schneider Florian H. , Wengström Erik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we perform a choice experiment assessing the impact of stay‐at‐home policies on individual welfare. We estimate the willingness to accept compensation (WTA) for restricting non‐working hours in Sweden during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The WTA for a one‐month stay‐at‐home policy is about US$480 per person, or 9.1 percent of Sweden's monthly per capita GDP. Stricter lockdowns require disproportionately higher compensation than more lenient ones, indicating that strict policies are cost‐effective only if they are much more successful in slowing the spread of the disease. Moreover, older people have a higher WTA of staying home than the rest of the population.
Impact of Complex Fracture Networks on Rate Transient Behavior of Wells in Unconventional Reservoirs Based on Embedded Discrete Fracture Model
Authors: Qin Jiazheng , Xu Yingjie , Tang Yong , Liang Rui , Zhong Qianhu , Yu Wei , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It has recently been demonstrated that complex fracture networks (CFNs) especially activated natural fractures (ANF) play an important role in unconventional reservoir development. However, traditional rate transient analysis (RTA) methods barely investigate the impact of CFN or ANF. Furthermore, the influence of CFN on flow regime is still ambiguous. Failure to consider these effects could lead to misdiagnosis of flow regimes and underestimation of original oil in place (OOIP). A novel numerical RTA method is therefore presented herein to improve the quality of reserves assessment. A new methodology is introduced. Propagating hydraulic fractures (HFs) can generate different stress perturbations to allow natural fractures (NFs) to fail, forming various ANF patterns. An embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) of ANF is stochastically generated instead of local grid refinement (LGR) method to overcome the time-intensive computation time. These models are coupled with reservoir models using non-neighboring connections (NNCs). Results show that except for simplified models used in previous studies subjected to the traditional concept of stimulated reservoir volume (SRV); in our study, the ANF region has been discussed to emphasis the impact of NF on simulation results. Henceforth, ANF could be only concentrated around the near-wellbore region, and it may also cover the whole simulation area. Obvious distinctions could be viewed for different kinds of ANF on diagnostic plots. Instead of SRV-dominated flow mentioned in previous studies, ANF-dominated flow developed in this work is shown to be more reasonable. Also, new flow regimes such as interference flow inside and outside activated natural fracture flow region (ANFR) are found. In summary, better evaluation of reservoir properties and reserves assessment such as OOIP are achieved based on our proposed model compared with conventional models. The novel RTA method considering CFN presented herein is an easy-to-apply numerical RTA technique that can be applied for reservoir and fracture characterization as well as OOIP assessment.
Potential Role of Plyometric Training in the Development of Motor Performance Skills: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sortwell Andrew , Newton Michael , Marinho Daniel A. , Knijnik Jorge , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo 
Published: December 2021

Offering children chances to optimize their engagement in physical activities during their life span is one of the major aims of school physical education (PE). To this end, the maximum development of motor performance skills can help primary school children participate in various physical activities throughout their lives. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of plyometric training activities on motor performance skills of children and the application of plyometrics within the PE setting. Relevant studies on the topics of motor performance skills, plyometrics, athlete development, and motor development in children and adolescents were examined. The paper reveals that plyometric training activities can improve motor performance skills such as running, jumping, and kicking. The literature also suggests that children’s exposure to plyometric exercises may result in an accelerated improvement in primary school PE class. This review concludes with a proposal to enhance children’s motor performance skills using plyometric exercises in primary PE classes.
Association between interpregnancy interval and pregnancy complications by history of complications: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Gebremedhin Amanuel Tesfay , Tessema Gizachew Assefa , Regan Annette K , Pereira Gavin F 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo examine if the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and pregnancy complications varies by the presence or absence of previous complications.Design and settingPopulation-based longitudinally linked cohort study in Western Australia (WA).ParticipantsMothers who had their first two (n=252 368) and three (n=96 315) consecutive singleton births in WA between 1980 and 2015.Outcome measuresWe estimated absolute risks (AR) of preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes (GDM) for 3–60 months of IPI according to history of each outcome. We modelled IPI using restricted cubic splines and reported adjusted relative risk (RRs) with 95% CI at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months, with 18 months as reference.ResultsRisks of PE and GDM were 9.5%, 2.6% in first pregnancies, with recurrence rates of 19.3% and 41.5% in second pregnancy for PE and GDM, respectively. The AR of GDM ranged from 30% to 43% across the IPI range for mothers with previous GDM compared with 2%–8% for mothers without previous GDM. For mothers with no previous PE, greater risks were observed for IPIs at 3 months (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.43) and 60 months (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.53) compared with 18 months. There was insufficient evidence for increased risk of PE at shorter IPIs of <18 months for mothers with previous PE. Shorter IPIs of <18 months were associated with lower risk than at IPIs of 18 months for mothers with no previous GDM.ConclusionsThe associations between IPIs and risk of PE or GDM on subsequent pregnancies are modified by previous experience with these conditions. Mothers with previous complications had higher absolute, but lower RRs than mothers with no previous complications. However, IPI remains a potentially modifiable risk factor for mothers with previous complicated pregnancies.
Determination of pharmacy students’ patient safety approach using the theory of planned behaviour: a mixed-method study
Authors: Rajiah Kingston , Maharajan Mari Kannan , Chong David , Chiao Chien Shee , Li Eileen Ong Xiao 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate pharmacy students’ attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, intentions and their behaviour towards patient safety using a theory of planned behaviour framework.DesignMixed-methods research.SettingPrivate university in Malaysia.ParticipantsPharmacy undergraduate students participated in the study. There were 18 students participated in the qualitative study and 272 students responded to the survey questionnaire.MethodsA convergent parallel-mixed method design, involving a quantitative survey and qualitative focus group discussions was used among pharmacy students in a private university in Malaysia. Qualitative data of transcribed verbatim texts were then subjected to a thematic content analysis framework. Multiple correlations were undertaken using the quantitative data to examine how the dependent variable (self-reported knowledge) related to the independent variables (attitudes, behavioural intentions, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control.Primary outcomePharmacy students’ attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, behavioural intentions constructs led to their behaviour towards patient safety.Secondary outcomeThe quantitative study revealed that there was a moderate positive correlation between students’ self-reported knowledge and attitudes (r=0.48, p=0.03).ResultsPharmacy students’ attitudes and perceived behavioural control constructs had positive correlations with pharmacy students’ self-reported knowledge on patient safety. There was no correlation between students’ self-reported knowledge and subjective norms (r=0.27, p=0.23). There was a weak positive correlation between students’ self-reported knowledge and perceived behavioural control (r=0.39, p=0.04). There was no correlation between students’ self-reported knowledge and behavioural intention (r=0.20, p=0.56).ConclusionsTheory of planned behaviour constructs such as attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and behavioural intentions of pharmacy students, defined their behaviour towards patient safety. Pharmacy students’ attitudes and perceived behavioural control constructs were correlated with their self-reported knowledge on patient safety.
Nominal group technique to establish the core components of home-based rehabilitation for survivors of stroke with severe disability
Authors: Fisher Rebecca J , Riley-Bennett Frances , Russell Lal , Lee Claire , Sturt Ruth , Walker Marion , Sackley Cath 
Published: December 2021

In the UK, over 20% of patients leaving hospital after a stroke will be severely disabled. Despite this, limited clinical guidance is available to teams tasked with providing support for this complex population at home. Additionally, many areas across the UK are not commissioned to treat this patient cohort, leaving them with no specialist support on discharge.ObjectivesTo establish core components of home-based rehabilitation for survivors of stroke with severe disability, based on expert panel consensus.SettingVirtual nominal group technique (vNGT) across the UK.ParticipantsExperts in the field of stroke rehabilitation (n=14) including researchers, clinicians and those with lived experience.MethodsTwo vNGT were completed using a freely available online platform, Microsoft Teams. The technique’s five stages were completed virtually; introduction, silent idea generation, round robin, clarifications and scoring. Statements were analysed for consensus, those achieving consensus underwent content analysis to form rich overarching consensus statements.ResultsA combined total of 421 statements achieved positive consensus (>75% in agreement), which formed 11 overarching consensus statements. These outline key components of home-based rehabilitation for survivors of stroke with severe disability including the structure and members of the team, as well as the skills and knowledge required.ConclusionThe consensus statements highlight the complexity of managing patients with severe stroke disability following discharge from hospital. This study has the potential to support the provision of services for this patient group, providing a benchmark for commissioners and clinicians as well as setting expectations for stroke survivors and their carers. What remains unknown is how many services currently offer this service to patients with severe disability.
Current practices and challenges in adaptation of clinical guidelines: a qualitative study based on semistructured interviews
Authors: Song Yang , Ballesteros Monica , Li Jing , Martínez García Laura , Niño de Guzmán Ena , Vernooij Robin W M , Akl Elie A , Cluzeau Francoise , Alonso-Coello Pablo 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThis study aims to better understand the current practice of clinical guideline adaptation and identify challenges raised in this process, given that published adapted clinical guidelines are generally of low quality, poorly reported and not based on published frameworks.DesignA qualitative study based on semistructured interviews. We conducted a framework analysis for the adaptation process, and thematic analysis for participants’ views and experiences about adaptation process.SettingNine guideline development organisations from seven countries.ParticipantsGuideline developers who have adapted clinical guidelines within the last 3 years. We identified potential participants through published adapted clinical guidelines, recommendations from experts, and a review of the Guideline International Network Conference attendees’ list.ResultsWe conducted ten interviews and identified nine adaptation methodologies. The reasons for adapting clinical guidelines include developingde novoclinical guidelines, implementing source clinical guidelines, and harmonising and updating existing clinical guidelines. We identified the following core steps of the adaptation process (1) selection of scope and source guideline(s), (2) assessment of source materials (guidelines, recommendations and evidence level), (3) decision-making process and (4) external review and follow-up process. Challenges on the adaptation of clinical guidelines include limitations from source clinical guidelines (poor quality or reporting), limitations from adaptation settings (lacking resources or skills), adaptation process intensity and complexity, and implementation barriers. We also described how participants address the complexities and implementation issues of the adaptation process.ConclusionsAdaptation processes have been increasingly used to develop clinical guidelines, with the emergence of different purposes. The identification of core steps and assessment levels could help guideline adaptation developers streamline their processes. More methodological research is needed to develop rigorous international standards for adapting clinical guidelines.