bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport System of Northern and Arctic Regions: Assessment and Development Problems
Authors: Tsukerman V A , Goryachevskaya E S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The analysis of the current state and assessment of the transport system development of the regions of the North and the Arctic was carried out. Analysis of the transport system development on the example of the regions directly bordering with the Northern Sea Route was carried out: Arkhangelsk Region, Murmansk Region, Nenets Autonomous District, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Chukotka Autonomous District, Kamchatka Teerritory, Magadan Region, Sakhalin Region, Primorye Territory. It is shown that the northern and arctic regions are far behind in the development of the transport industry of the subarctic countries. Primorye Territory has the best values of density of general-purpose railways and highways as well as investments in development of transport compared to other regions and is characterized by maximum level of the transport system development during the analyzed period. Of the northern regions minimal values of the transport system development have Magadan Region and Nenets Autonomous District characterized by poor development of transport communications. It is needed a further research in direction of scientific and technological substantiation of the strategic development directions of the transport system of the North and the Arctic.
Integrated Transport Systems in Terminal Clusters of the Russian Far East
Authors: Shirokorad O , Arkhipov S , Volodkin P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The transport system plays a huge role in the life of a country or region. From it directly depends on the mobility of the population, its standard of living and socialization, economic development of the subject. At this article represents a study of existing route networks and the transport system of the Russian Far East, as well as a project to improve the routing system through the organization of the terminal terminal centre. However, discusses the current state of the transport system of the Far East, as well as proposed measures for its future development.
Pre-Fractionation as a Way to Improve the Efficiency of Grain-Cleaning Systems
Authors: Ovchinnikov D N , Ovchinnikova Yu I , Pozdnyakova N A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn most ordinary farms, the seed production share in the structure of the post-harvest processing and storage cost reaches 40 %, which is largely determined by the low productivity and operating quality of grain cleaners of existing grain-cleaning units. In farms, the required quality is achieved by repeatedly passing seed through grain cleaners, which leads to increased production costs, losses, and seed damage. Designing grain-cleaning lines based on the conventional flow sheet construction principles does not allow reducing the seed material damage and the production cost and leads to the cost of units increasing almost directly proportional to their productivity.One way to solve the issue of improving the grain-cleaning system efficiency while reducing material and labor costs is the development and implementation of the grain mixture pre-fractionation technology based on the physical and mechanical characteristics of particles. Fractionation on an inclined plane with a curved surface (trampoline) increases the efficiency of grain cleaners by 20–30 % due to obtaining fractions of different quality before further processing.
Study of Meltwater Treatment Using the Industrial Waste and Natural Sorbents
Authors: Voronov A , Malyshkina E , Maksimova S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In winter, a huge amount of snow contains the specific pollutants (anti-icing reagents, oil products, ion-metals and others) accumulates in the cities of the Northern Russian Regions. The special environmental requirements for operation and engineering equipment of the snow-landfills are not excited. In this case, the soil cover and nearby water bodies are contaminated by meltwater, and the engineering and geological conditions are changing at these areas. The specific composition of the snow masses requires the use of the special treatment methods to remove such major contaminants as oil products and chlorides. Currently, an effective and relatively cheap sorption material for the extraction of these pollutants from meltwater is being actively sought. In this paper, the sorption properties of the industrial waste (sawdust) and natural sorbents (kaolin, clay) were studied. The best results for the meltwater treatment from oil products and chlorides with kaolin were obtained. The sorption filter design, which is part of the proposed technological scheme for the meltwater treatment, has developed.
Road Safety Status Monitoring and Evaluation
Authors: Klyavin V , Baryshev N , Dvurechenskaya A , Zelikov V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Prevention of road traffic injuries requires a strong awareness of the situation on roads. The main sources of information on road safety are state statistics, sociological and observational studies. Observational studies or monitoring are among the most effective ways of obtaining information. The implementation of the RS-10 international project in Russia demonstrated the importance of all sources of information working jointly, which made it possible to develop effective actions on reducing road traffic injuries, to implement the actions and to evaluate the results.
Level Increase of Process Safety Culture at the Fuel and Energy Complex Enterprises
Authors: Glebova E V , Volokhina A T , Vikhrov A E , Chistyakova N D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The priority development area, according the Russian Federation state policy framework in the field of industrial safety till 2025, is the high process safety formation, ensuring maximum employees involvement and their direct participation in safety issues, as well as the development of behavioral safety audit (BSA) skills. As a result of the studies, development of the safety culture level at the one of the gas transmission enterprises was assessed. The assessment was based on the results of two surveys. The first survey was carried out to assess the current level of safety culture before the BSA procedure implementation in the company, while the second one was conducted after the regular BSA procedure performing during two quarters of 2019. Using mathematical data processing, the statistical significance of variance in safety culture components assessments revealed was proved for professional group: production workers. At the same time, there were no changes identified for professional groups: specialists and executives. Using cluster analysis, the characteristics of the obtained culture levels were determined. The cluster analysis also revealed the increase in the number of production workers who rated the safety culture at the high level. Such results indicate the successful implementation of the BSA procedure in a company.
Forecasting the Effectiveness of Well Performance Improvement Techniques
Authors: Gabdrakhmanova K F , Izmailova G R , Samigullina L Z 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the Pearson criterion method to determine the effectiveness of the chemical methods of the bottomhole formation zone treatment, the well zone and further improvement of the corresponding methods. Despite the rather high efficiency of the physicochemical methods used to increase oil recovery in the Shirotniy Ob area, ongoing geological and technical measures do not always ensure the optimal volumes of additional oil production achievement. Because of the bottom-hole formation zone treatments, an increase in the wells production rate was obtained. However, there are wells in which, after applying the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, the well production rates not only did not increase, but, moreover, their decrease and increase in water cut were noted. The increase in well flow rates after treatments varies widely; the effect duration is also different. The study of the effectiveness of the bottomhole formation treatment jobs organization modeling calls for a fundamentally new formulation and new methodological solutions. It should be carried out taking into account the economic feasibility of various forms and methods of work organizing, providing for maintenance based on analysis and geological field material processing by means of mathematical methods and computer technology. In this regard, the a systematic approach methodology application for analyzing and regulating the effectiveness of physicochemical methods of oil recovery enhancing at a late stage of oil field development is an urgent task and involves the creation of models that can significantly increase the of reliability of the justification and work organization for the use of progressive wells formation treatment techniques.
Patterns of Composite Soils Behavior under Shear and Compression
Authors: Dobud’ko O V , Aminova L I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Clastic-silty-clayed (composite) soils of natural and artificial composition are the most widespread on construction sites in the Russian Far East, which makes the study of their strength and deformation properties relevant. Based on the results of laboratory and field studies, the relationship between the macrostructure and physical parameters of composite soil constituents and their mechanical properties was analyzed, and substantiation of patterns of composite soils behavior under shear and compression was made.
Quality of Translucent Building Structures: Control Technologies
Authors: Baurina S B , Nazarova E V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article is devoted to research of technologies of control and quality assurance of building structures. The object of the study is translucent structures. Indicators of quality and consumer properties of translucent structures are specified. Characteristics of methods of quality control and assurance are given. The technology of input quality control of raw materials and materials during production of translucent structures is analyzed in detail. The procedure for operational production control of translucent structures is defined. Features of acceptance quality control of finished products are revealed.
Efficient particle collection using concentric optical ring array
Authors: Wang Lin , Cao Yongyin , Zhang Yanxia , Shi Bojian , Li Hang , Feng Rui , Sun Fangkui , Ding Weiqiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Trapping is the first as well as the most important step in various optical manipulations. However, when the concentration of sample is extremely low, optical trapping cannot be performed efficiently because the samples are usually out of the action radius of the trapping well. In this paper, numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate an active and efficient optical collection mechanism. We propose the optical collection mechanism by using an array of concentric dielectric rings, in which a series of nanoholes are introduced with optimized separations and radius to form trapping centers. When the incident wavelength is tuned in order, the trapped particles will be transferred from an outer ring to its inner neighboring ring, and finally be collected to the center of the rings. The mechanism reported here paves the way for efficient particle collection, and may find potential applications in various optical manipulations.
Photovoltaic properties of metal-free semiconductor DMEDA·I6: A first-principles investigation
Authors: Liu Fuxiang , Xu Peng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Metal-free halide materials have garnered significant attention. However, because of their large band gap, current metal-free materials are not suitable as solar cell absorbers. A metal-free semiconductor, DMEDA·I6, with a narrow band gap (∼1.36 eV) and strong light absorption, is a promising candidate for solar cell absorbers. Using the first-principles calculation method, a systematic investigation was conducted on the photovoltaic properties of DMEDA·I6, including electronic properties, variation trend of the band gap under strain, defect physics, and band alignments of solar cell interfaces. It was found that DMEDA·I6 crystallized in a one-dimensional I chain with alternating long and short I–I bond lengths. Although both the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum of DMEDA·I6 are derived from the I p states, their compositions are distinguishable owing to the abnormal I–I bond arrangement. The band gap of DMEDA·I6 increases when the lattice volume expands, which is similar to that of the popular lead-based perovskites and opposite to that of the conventional zincblende semiconductors. Among the intrinsic defects, only defect VI can produce a deep defect level in the band gap. The formation of VI can be suppressed under the I-rich preparation conditions; thus, I rich condition is proposed when preparing DMEDA·I6 solar cell absorbers. Commonly used hole transportation materials are suitable for DMEDA·I6-based solar cells, whereas electron transport materials (ETMs) with a lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital than commonly used ETMs should be used.
Multifunctional polydopamine-based nanoparticles: synthesis, physico-chemical properties and applications for bimodal photothermal/photodynamic therapy of cancer
Authors: Zmerli Islam , Michel Jean-Philippe , Makky Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA) is a mussel-inspired and a melanin-mimicking material that has attracted considerable attention during the recent years. This ‘polymer’ displays diverse promising properties, like its simple preparation procedures, easy functionalization, free radicals scavenging activity, outstanding photothermal and photoacoustic performance, and its great biocompatibility and biodegradability. A remarkable feature of PDA is its ability to form colloidal nanosized particles or nanoscaled coatings, allowing the preparation of various nanoparticulate structures. The first studies into PDA mainly explored the polymerization mechanisms of this material and the development of controlled preparation protocols. Later works focused on the investigation of these nanomaterials for the design and development of multifunctional platforms and their implementation in multiple biomedical fields, particularly in cancer treatment and bio-imaging. The purpose of this review is to (a) give a detailed overview about the synthesis methods of PDA and the formation mechanisms proposed so far in the literature, (b) outline the remarkable physico-chemical and functional properties of PDA nanomaterials, and (c) summarize the application of PDA-derived nanosystems in cancer theranostics and particularly in drug delivery and light-mediated cancer therapy with a special emphasis on the different strategies that can be used for the design of smart nanosystems with bimodal photothermal/photodynamic properties. Finally, a comparison of physicochemical properties and biomedical applications between PDA and other catecholamine derivatives is made.
Improving epidemic testing and containment strategies using machine learning
Authors: Natali Laura , Helgadottir Saga , Maragò Onofrio M , Volpe Giovanni 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Containment of epidemic outbreaks entails great societal and economic costs. Cost-effective containment strategies rely on efficiently identifying infected individuals, making the best possible use of the available testing resources. Therefore, quickly identifying the optimal testing strategy is of critical importance. Here, we demonstrate that machine learning can be used to identify which individuals are most beneficial to test, automatically and dynamically adapting the testing strategy to the characteristics of the disease outbreak. Specifically, we simulate an outbreak using the archetypal susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model and we use data about the first confirmed cases to train a neural network that learns to make predictions about the rest of the population. Using these predictions, we manage to contain the outbreak more effectively and more quickly than with standard approaches. Furthermore, we demonstrate how this method can be used also when there is a possibility of reinfection (SIRS model) to efficiently eradicate an endemic disease.
Evaluation of a High-Definition PCR Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Extracted and Nonextracted Respiratory Specimens Collected in Various Transport Media
Authors: Buchan Blake W , Gerstbrein Derek , Cruz Amorina , Hoff Jess , Sievert Emily , Ledeboer Nathan A , Faron Matthew L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We conducted an analytic and clinical comparison of a novel high-definition polymerase chain reaction PCR (HDPCR) assay to traditional real-time PCR (RT-PCR) for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in upper respiratory specimens.

Methods
Analytic performance of RT-PCR, HDPCR, and extraction-free HDPCR was established through replicate testing of a serially diluted clinical specimen containing SARS-CoV-2. A clinical comparison of all 3 assays was conducted using 351 prospectively collected upper respiratory swab specimens obtained from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals collected in various transport media.

Results
RT-PCR and HDPCR assays using extracted nucleic acid demonstrated similar analytic limits of detection (LoD) and clinical performance, with 100% positive and negative agreement. Extraction-free HDPCR demonstrated a 1.5 to 2.0 log10 increase in LoD based on cycle threshold values. However, clinical performance of extraction-free HDPCR remained high, demonstrating 97.8% positive and 99.6% negative agreement with RT-PCR. An overall increase in “invalid” and “presumptive” results was observed when using the extraction-free method, but this was highly variable based on transport medium used.

Conclusions
HDPCR performs similar to RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The use of an extraction-free HDPCR protocol maintained high clinical performance despite reduced analytic LoD, with the benefit of reduced hands-on time and cost of reagents associated with nucleic acid extraction.
Validation of the Coin in Hand-Extended Version Among Older Adults With and Without Dementia
Authors: Ferreira Inês , Fernandes Sandra , Querido Luís , Pires Rute , Daugherty Julia C , Hidalgo-Ruzzante Natalia , Pérez-García Miguel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe current study aimed to validate the Performance Validity Test Coin in Hand-Extended Version (CIH-EV) in groups of healthy older adults and older adults with dementia.MethodUsing an analog simulation paradigm, the healthy control group and the clinical group were instructed to perform to the best of their ability, whereas the feigning older adults were instructed to simulate a memory deficit to obtain allowance, financial aid, or early retirement.ResultsResults showed that the control and clinical groups performed more optimally than the feigning group, although the clinical group had superior response times. The CIH-EV was insensitive to sociodemographic variables and neurocognitive functioning in all groups, demonstrated good convergent validity with other performance validity measures, and showed a reduced rate of false positives.ConclusionsThis study corroborates the CIH-EV’s effectiveness in detecting the simulation of cognitive deficits in healthy older adults and older adults with dementia.
TALE: Transformer-based protein function Annotation with joint sequence–Label Embedding
Authors: Cao Yue , Shen Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Facing the increasing gap between high-throughput sequence data and limited functional insights, computational protein function annotation provides a high-throughput alternative to experimental approaches. However, current methods can have limited applicability while relying on protein data besides sequences, or lack generalizability to novel sequences, species and functions.

Results
To overcome aforementioned barriers in applicability and generalizability, we propose a novel deep learning model using only sequence information for proteins, named Transformer-based protein function Annotation through joint sequence–Label Embedding (TALE). For generalizability to novel sequences we use self-attention-based transformers to capture global patterns in sequences. For generalizability to unseen or rarely seen functions (tail labels), we embed protein function labels (hierarchical GO terms on directed graphs) together with inputs/features (1D sequences) in a joint latent space. Combining TALE and a sequence similarity-based method, TALE+ outperformed competing methods when only sequence input is available. It even outperformed a state-of-the-art method using network information besides sequence, in two of the three gene ontologies. Furthermore, TALE and TALE+ showed superior generalizability to proteins of low similarity, new species, or rarely annotated functions compared to training data, revealing deep insights into the protein sequence–function relationship. Ablation studies elucidated contributions of algorithmic components toward the accuracy and the generalizability; and a GO term-centric analysis was also provided.

Availability and implementation
The data, source codes and models are available at https://github.com/Shen-Lab/TALE.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Incorporating Biogeochemistry into Dryland Restoration
Authors: Young Kristina E , Reed Sasha C , Ferrenberg Scott , Faist Akasha , Winkler Daniel E , Cort Catherine , Darrouzet-Nardi Anthony 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dryland degradation is a persistent and accelerating global problem. Although the mechanisms initiating and maintaining dryland degradation are largely understood, returning productivity and function through ecological restoration remains difficult. Water limitation commonly drives slow recovery rates within drylands; however, the altered biogeochemical cycles that accompany degradation also play key roles in limiting restoration outcomes. Addressing biogeochemical changes and resource limitations may help improve restoration efforts within this difficult-to-restore biome. In the present article, we present a synthesis of restoration literature that identifies multiple ways biogeochemical understandings might augment dryland restoration outcomes, including timing restoration around resource cycling and uptake, connecting heterogeneous landscapes, manipulating resource pools, and using organismal functional traits to a restoration advantage. We conclude by suggesting ways to incorporate biogeochemistry into existing restoration frameworks and discuss research directions that may help improve restoration outcomes in the world's highly altered dryland landscapes.