bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open challenges for ecological and microbiological safety of food and raw food materials in Azerbaijan
Authors: Yusifova Mehriban , Nasrullayeva Gunash , Omarova Elza , Magerramova Mehriban , Kurbanova Aphila 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The provision of safe food is a topic of increasing relevance worldwide. Several countries, including Azerbaijan, attempted to develop scientific, applied, social and economic solutions to the food supply and nutrition problems. However, Azerbaijan still faces important challenges, particularly providing appropriate, eco-friendly and microbiologically safe supplies and food. These issues occur in international export and import of raw food materials and food, provision of regional and municipal control in food supply and sales and teaching food culture to the public. This viewpoint paper aims to examine the challenges that impede the provision of safe food for Azerbaijan. Such information can facilitate policy implications for governments in developing solutions to the food supply.

Design/methodology/approach
Extensive literature review is done to base the discussions of this viewpoint paper.

Findings
Academic institutions and departments should take a more centralized and effective effort in scientific research concerning safety, hygiene and culture of nutrition. In conclusion, to ensure proper sustainment, it is necessary to provide strict microbiological, sanitary and hygienic control across the network of production and distribution of food and its import and export within regional and local food source provision systems and mechanisms.

Originality/value
To the authors’ best knowledge, there is no systematic study evaluating the challenges of ecologically and microbiological safety for food in Azerbaijan.
Long‐term flowering records of herbaceous plants in Tokyo, Japan, during 1994–2015 through citizen science
Authors: Maruyama Noriko , Miyazaki Keiko , Yasunaga Eriko , Uchida Kei , Kawabata Saneyuki , Fukano Yuya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe provide a 22‐year period (1994–2015) dataset of flowering records of herbaceous plant species in Tokyo, Japan. Trained volunteers of the citizen group conducted field surveys using a citizen science approach. During monthly surveys, the volunteers recorded the flowering phenology of plants in an area of the Institute for Sustainable Agro‐ecosystem Services and Tanashi Forest (The University of Tokyo) in Nishitokyo City, Tokyo, Japan. In all, 5982 observations on 401 species including 11 subspecies, 44 varieties, and six forma from 70 families of herbaceous plants were collected in Tokyo. These data provide an overview of the flowering phenology of herbaceous plants in urban areas, where regular monitoring is often difficult due to the environment being highly urbanized and subject to intensive weed control. The complete dataset for this abstract published in the Data Paper section of the journal is available in electronic format in MetaCat in JaLTER at http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/JaLTER/metacat/metacat/ERDP-2021-05.1/jalter-en.
Post‐operative ileus: definitions, mechanisms and controversies
Authors: Wells Cameron I. , Milne Tony G. E. , Seo Sean Ho Beom , Chapman Stephen J. , Vather Ryash , Bissett Ian P. , O'Grady Greg 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPost‐operative ileus (POI) is a syndrome of impaired gastrointestinal transit which occurs following abdominal surgery. There are few effective targeted therapies for ileus, and research has been limited by inconsistent definitions and an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Despite considerable effort, there remains no widely‐adopted definition of ileus, and recent work has identified variation in outcome reporting is a major source of heterogeneity in clinical trials. Outcomes should be clearly‐defined, clinically‐relevant, and reflective of the underlying biology, impacts on hospital resources and quality of life. Further collaborative efforts will be needed to develop consensus definitions and a core outcome set for postoperative gastrointestinal recovery.Investigation into the pathophysiology of POI has been hindered by use of low‐resolution techniques and difficulties linking cellular mechanisms to dysmotility patterns and clinical symptoms. Recent evidence has suggested the common assumption of post‐operative GI paralysis is incorrect, and that the distal colon becomes hyperactive following surgery. The post‐operative inflammatory response is important in the pathophysiology of ileus, but the time course of this in humans remains unclear, with the majority of evidence coming from animal models. Future work should investigate dysmotility patterns underlying ileus, and identify biomarkers which may be used to diagnose, monitor and stratify patients with ileus.
G‐alpha interacting protein interacting protein, C terminus 1 regulates epileptogenesis by increasing the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7
Authors: Liu Yong , Wang You , Yang Juan , Xu Tao , Tan Changhong , Zhang Peng , Liu Qiankun , Chen Yangmei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsIt has been reported that the G‐alpha interacting protein (GAIP) interacting protein, C terminus 1 (GIPC1/GIPC) engages in vesicular trafficking, receptor transport and expression, and endocytosis. However, its role in epilepsy is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the role of GIPC1 in epilepsy and its possible underlying mechanism.MethodsThe expression patterns of GIPC1 in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in mice with kainic acid (KA)‐induced epilepsy were detected. Behavioral video monitoring and hippocampal local field potential (LFP) recordings were carried out to determine the role of GIPC1 in epileptogenesis after overexpression of GIPC1. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay and high‐resolution immunofluorescence staining were conducted to investigate the relationship between GIPC1 and metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7). In addition, the expression of mGluR7 after overexpression of GIPC1 was measured, and behavioral video monitoring and LFP recordings after antagonism of mGluR7 were performed to explore the possible mechanism mediated by GIPC1.ResultsGIPC1 was downregulated in the brain tissues of patients with TLE and mice with KA‐induced epilepsy. After overexpression of GIPC1, prolonged latency period, decreased epileptic seizures and reduced seizure severity in behavioral analyses, and fewer and shorter abnormal brain discharges in LFP recordings of KA‐induced epileptic mice were observed. The result of the Co‐IP assay showed the interaction between GIPC1 and mGluR7, and the high‐resolution immunofluorescence staining also showed the colocalization of these two proteins. Additionally, along with GIPC1 overexpression, the total and cell membrane expression levels of mGluR7 were also increased. And after antagonism of mGluR7, increased epileptic seizures and aggravated seizure severity in behavioral analyses and more and longer abnormal brain discharges in LFP recordings were observed.ConclusionGIPC1 regulates epileptogenesis by interacting with mGluR7 and increasing its expression.
Contractualism and the question of direction
Authors: Salomon Aaron 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDirected duties are those duties whose violation would wrong someone in particular. Under what conditions, and in virtue of what, is a duty directed to someone? This is the Question of Direction. In this article, I explore the possibility of providing a Contractualist answer to the Question of Direction—one where the directedness of a directed duty is explained by the way in which that duty is derived in Contractualist moral reasoning. After presenting and rejecting three attempts at such an answer, I arrive at a satisfactory one: An agent has a duty to an individual to perform some action just in case and because, were the agent not to perform that action, the agent would make the individual occupy the standpoint relative to which any principle that permits the agent not to perform that action is unacceptable.
The influence of electronic education on students of Islamic science
Authors: Novalic Fadil , Novalic Mevljuda , Saracevic Muzafer , Hadzic Muhedin , Kalac Nail 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn contemporary education, classes are designed to include children with various characteristics. Due to such a heterogeneous class structure, certain innovations in instruction are necessary for every pupil to maximise their abilities during the school period. In the subject of Islamic science, instruction individualisation can be performed successfully to educate pupils. Pupils can vary greatly according to their religious beliefs, home upbringing, and morality. For this research, individual differences among students were identified. In the literature, e‐learning is deemed significant in the pedagogical and didactical sense in the individualisation process. E‐learning based on e‐courses has obvious advantages in instruction individualisation compared to traditional instruction, which predominantly uses printed textbooks. The use of Moodle e‐course in Islamic science instruction was tested. The course is developed according to principles of individualised instruction and was tested in one high school. The research population consists of third grade high school pupils in Serbia who take Islamic science. The significance of the research is related to discovering the most efficient way of improving instruction by using e‐courses and emphasising the possibilities that e‐education provides in the field of instruction individualisation. The research demonstrates that e‐education can improve instruction individualisation because it gives greater possibilities for pupils to express their individual preferences towards the type, format, and scope of learning material. The study was quasi‐experimental. In total, 53 pupils were in the study, with 25 in the experimental group and 28 in the control group.
Platform work and social security in German law: An international law perspective
Authors: Eichenhofer Eberhard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlatform work confronts traditional social security law in two dimensions. First, it makes the distinction between dependent and independent work uncertain and unclear, as the borderline between these blur. This is a profound challenge for social security law, because the criteria of dependent and independent work have to be precise. In the determination of work as dependent or independent, German law illustrates that a shift has taken place in determining employment status, moving from external and objective criteria to the contracting parties’ decision, which is to be executed under private law, but also respected under social security law. Second, platform work is heavily intertwined with digital communication, which has established a global environment for communication. Thereby, platform work can also facilitate international trade by making transnational work more accessible and efficient. Therefore, it seems necessary to examine the implications of platform work in international law. International law makes possible the choice of law, executed by the contracting parties. As a consequence, the protection of employees by social security law is related to the private law arrangements between the service provider and the service recipient. Gaps in social security protection of service providers are widespread. In many countries, awareness of the social protection deficits of platform workers has grown and responses to improve the social status of platform workers have come under scrutiny. Analysis reveals that there is a joint responsibility of the service provider and the service recipient to be bound to social security coverage under the same national legislation. Nevertheless, from an international law perspective, it is shown that reforms are confronted with restrictions under international law.
Social security for Spain’s platform workers: Self‐employed or employee status?
Authors: Guerrero María Luisa Pérez , Royo Miguel Rodríguez‐Piñero 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudies on the social protection of platform workers in Spain have focused on the bike couriers (or “riders”) who deliver meals to customers’ homes and whose services are used by some of the best‐known platforms on the country’s social and economic scene. Most of these workers are covered by the social security scheme for self‐employed workers. However, a Supreme Court ruling issued on 25 September 2020 reclassified the relationship between Glovo and its couriers as a contract of employment. This decision has changed the outlook for platforms and prompted the Spanish Government to regulate platform work in Spain. Nonetheless, the government ruling is limited to couriers, whereas, in reality, the issue is much broader. In this article, we look at the current reality of Spain’s platform workers vis‐à‐vis the social security system and the latest court rulings.
Social security coverage for platform workers in Switzerland: A middle way?
Authors: Magoga‐Sabatier Sabrine , Dupont Anne‐Sylvie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article compares social security coverage for the self‐employed and for employees on digital platforms in Switzerland. It sheds light on the particularities that have acted to slow down the evolution of Swiss social legislation to the new emerging forms of work, and summarizes the solutions provided by case law. These solutions are still being fine‐tuned, but lean towards the reclassification of contracts as salaried work. Finally, despite the hesitance of the Swiss authorities to take political steps to encourage these new forms of work, which offer significant economic potential, and while also seeking to prevent the risk of precarity in work, we discuss the options available.
The lectin pathway does not contribute to glomerular injury in the nephrotoxic nephritis model
Authors: Freeley Simon J. , Tham El Li , Robson Michael G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsRapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis occurs in number systemic and primary glomerular diseases, including anti‐glomerular basement membrane disease, anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody vasculitis and lupus nephritis. Our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms comes from animal models of disease such as the nephrotoxic nephritis model. The lectin pathway of complement activation has been shown to play a key role in several models of inflammation including renal ischaemia reperfusion. However, the lectin pathway is not required for crescentic glomerulonephritis in the anti‐myeloperoxidase model of anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody vasculitis. The aim of the current study was to explore the role of the lectin pathway in the nephrotoxic nephritis model, which is another model of crescentic glomerulonephritis.MethodsNephrotoxic nephritis was induced in wild type and mannan‐binding lectin‐associated serine protease‐2 deficient mice. Diseases were assessed by quantifying glomerular crescents and macrophages, in addition to albuminuria and serum creatinine.ResultsThere was no difference between wild type and MASP‐2 deficient mice in any of the histological or biochemical parameters of disease assessed. In addition, there was no difference in the humoral immune response to sheep IgG.ConclusionThese data show that the lectin pathway of complement activation is not required for the development of crescentic glomerulonephritis in the nephrotoxic nephritis model, reinforcing previous findings in the anti‐myeloperoxidase model.
Parenting and person correlates of prosocial behaviors in Asian Indian young adults
Authors: Maiya Sahitya , Killoren Sarah E. , Carlo Gustavo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe primary goal of this study was to examine the intervening roles of prosocial moral reasoning and respect for family in associations between parent attachment and prosocial behaviors in Asian Indian young adults. Participants included 281 Asian Indian young adults (60.5% women; M age = 21.45 years). Path analyses suggested that parent attachment was positively associated with respect for family and prosocial moral reasoning. In turn, respect for family was positively associated with emotional, compliant, dire, and anonymous prosocial behaviors, while prosocial moral reasoning was positively associated with altruistic and negatively associated with public prosocial behaviors. Discussion focuses on the importance of both general and culture‐specific mechanisms in explaining links between parenting and prosocial behaviors in Asian Indian young adults.
The benefits of giving: Effects of prosocial behavior on recovery from stress
Authors: Lazar Lee , Eisenberger Naomi I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIndividuals regularly face stress, and the manner in which they cope with that stress is a crucial component in predicting stress recovery. While many engage in self‐rewarding behaviors to feel better, these behaviors can come with a cost. The current study tested the effect of engaging in a different behavior after experiencing stress—prosocial behavior. Given the health benefits associated with giving to others, it is plausible that engaging in prosocial behavior is more successful in reducing the psychological and physiological responses to stress. To test this, participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test and then either sent a gift card to a person of their choosing, received a gift card for themselves, or selected the more aesthetically pleasing gift card. Measures of self‐reported mood, heart rate, blood pressure, salivary alpha‐amylase, and cortisol were collected throughout the session. While the manipulation did not elicit differences in psychological or hormonal measures, the giving group showed a significantly greater downregulation of their heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure while recovering from the stressor. Additionally, those in the giving group who evidenced greater prosocial sentiment showed a larger reduction in diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure. A follow‐up study suggested that these behaviors may be engaging different reward components, as those who gave a gift card reported greater “liking” while those who received a gift card reported greater “wanting”. Overall, the findings show that engaging in prosocial behavior following a stressor can help to downregulate physiological stress responses.
Active surveillance of serious adverse events following transfusion of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma
Authors: Swenson Erica , Wong Lisa Kanata , Jhaveri Perrin , Weng Yingjie , Kappagoda Shanthi , Pandey Suchitra , Pritchard Angelica , Rogers Angela , Ruoss Stephen , Subramanian Aruna , Shan Hua , Hollenhorst Marie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe reported incidence of adverse reactions following Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) convalescent plasma (CCP) transfusion has generally been lower than expected based on the incidence of transfusion reactions that have been observed in studies of conventional plasma transfusion. This raises the concern for under‐reporting of adverse events in studies of CCP that rely on passive surveillance strategies.Materials and MethodsOur institution implemented a protocol to actively identify possible adverse reactions to CCP transfusion. In addition, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of inpatients who received CCP at Stanford Hospital between May 13, 2020 and January 31, 2021. We determined the incidence of adverse events following CCP transfusion.ResultsA total of 49 patients received CCP. Seven patients (14%) had an increased supplemental oxygen requirement within 4 h of transfusion completion, including one patient who was intubated during the transfusion. An additional 11 patients (total of 18, 37%) had increased oxygen requirements within 24 h of transfusion, including 3 patients who were intubated. Six patients (12%) fulfilled criteria for transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO).ConclusionUsing an active surveillance strategy, we commonly observed adverse events following the transfusion of CCP to hospitalized patients. It was not possible to definitively determine whether or not these adverse events are related to CCP transfusion. TACO was likely over‐diagnosed given overlap with the manifestations of COVID‐19. Nevertheless, these results suggest that the potential adverse effects of CCP transfusion may be underestimated by reports from passive surveillance studies.
Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Have Different Relationships With Health: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study of Working Nurses
Authors: Parker Helen M. , Gallagher Robyn , Duffield Christine , Ding Ding , Sibbritt David , Perry Lin 
Published: October 2021

Background: Recent research has focused on the potential benefits of physical activity in occupational settings in addition to leisure time. However, occupational physical activity (OPA) differs substantially for occupations that require heavy and repetitive physical work, such as nursing. We explored associations between leisure time and OPA and health outcomes in working nurses and midwives. Methods: Nurses who were enrolled in the Fit For the Future study (New South Wales, Australia) and who completed physical activity questionnaires (n = 4343) were classified according to high (HO) or low (LO) occupational and high (HL) or low (LL) leisure-time physical activity (LTPA): HO performed walking/heavy labor most/all of the time at work; HL met the guidelines of 150 minutes per week moderate to vigorous LTPA, creating 4 categories: HOLL, HOHL, LOHL, and LOLL. Results: HL predicted better self-rated health (unstandardized B = 0.51, 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.57) and lower likelihood of ≥3 sick days in the past 12 months (OR: 0.71, 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.83), whereas HO predicted higher likelihood of ≥3 sick days (OR: 1.17, 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.35), adjusting for all variables. Conclusions: OPA may not confer the same health benefits as LTPA for nurses. Health-promoting interventions should emphasize the importance of achieving adequate moderate to vigorous LTPA for all, including those undertaking substantial OPA.