bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium leprae diversity and population dynamics in medieval Europe from novel ancient genomes
Authors: Pfrengle Saskia , Neukamm Judith , Guellil Meriam , Keller Marcel , Molak Martyna , Avanzi Charlotte , Kushniarevich Alena , Montes Núria , Neumann Gunnar U. , Reiter Ella , Tukhbatova Rezeda I. , Berezina Nataliya Y. , Buzhilova Alexandra P. , Korobov Dmitry S. , Suppersberger Hamre Stian , Matos Vitor M. J. , Ferreira Maria T. , González-Garrido Laura , Wasterlain Sofia N. , Lopes Célia , Santos Ana Luisa , Antunes-Ferreira Nathalie , Duarte Vitória , Silva Ana Maria , Melo Linda , Sarkic Natasa , Saag Lehti , Tambets Kristiina , Busso Philippe , Cole Stewart T. , Avlasovich Alexei , Roberts Charlotte A. , Sheridan Alison , Cessford Craig , Robb John , Krause Johannes , Scheib Christiana L. , Inskip Sarah A. , Schuenemann Verena J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHansen’s disease (leprosy), widespread in medieval Europe, is today mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions with around 200,000 new cases reported annually. Despite its long history and appearance in historical records, its origins and past dissemination patterns are still widely unknown. Applying ancient DNA approaches to its major causative agent,Mycobacterium leprae, can significantly improve our understanding of the disease’s complex history. Previous studies have identified a high genetic continuity of the pathogen over the last 1500 years and the existence of at least fourM. lepraelineages in some parts of Europe since the Early Medieval period.ResultsHere, we reconstructed 19 ancientM. lepraegenomes to further investigateM. leprae’sgenetic variation in Europe, with a dedicated focus on bacterial genomes from previously unstudied regions (Belarus, Iberia, Russia, Scotland), from multiple sites in a single region (Cambridgeshire, England), and from two Iberian leprosaria. Overall, our data confirm the existence of similar phylogeographic patterns across Europe, including high diversity in leprosaria. Further, we identified a new genotype in Belarus. By doubling the number of complete ancientM. lepraegenomes, our results improve our knowledge of the past phylogeography ofM. lepraeand reveal a particularly highM. lepraediversity in European medieval leprosaria.ConclusionsOur findings allow us to detect similar patterns of strain diversity across Europe with branch 3 as the most common branch and the leprosaria as centers for high diversity. The higher resolution of our phylogeny tree also refined our understanding of the interspecies transfer between red squirrels and humans pointing to a late antique/early medieval transmission. Furthermore, with our new estimates on the past population diversity ofM. leprae, we gained first insights into the disease’s global history in relation to major historic events such as the Roman expansion or the beginning of the regular transatlantic long distance trade. In summary, our findings highlight how studying ancientM. lepraegenomes worldwide improves our understanding of leprosy’s global history and can contribute to current models ofM. leprae’s worldwide dissemination, including interspecies transmissions.
Atherogenic index of plasma is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fu Liyao , Zhou Ying , Sun Jiaxing , Zhu Zhaowei , Xing Zhenhua , Zhou Shenghua , Wang Yongjun , Tai Shi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous studies reported the prognostic value of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in the course of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Still, the predictive utility of the AIP is unknown among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study, which randomized 10,251 patients with long-lasting T2DM. ROC curve analysis was used to determine an optimal threshold for AIP, and the study population was divided into high and low AIP groups. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to determine the association between AIP and primary (major adverse cardiovascular events [MACEs], including nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and/or death from cardiovascular causes) and secondary outcomes (all-cause mortality). Stratified analyses were performed to control for the confounding factors.

Results
AIP was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of T2DM (HR = 1.309; 95% CI 1.084–1.581; P = 0.005). The threshold for AIP was determined to be 0.34 in the study population. After adjustments for confounding factors, multivariable analysis showed that AIP was associated with the risk of MACEs (Model 1: HR = 1.333, 95% CI 1.205–1.474, P < 0.001; Model 2: HR = 1.171, 95% CI 1.030–1.333, P = 0.016; Model 3: HR = 1.194, 95% CI 1.049–1.360, P = 0.007), all-cause mortality (Model 1: HR = 1.184, 95% CI 1.077–1.303, P < 0.001), cardiovascular death (Model 1: HR = 1.422, 95% CI 1.201–1.683, P < 0.001; Model 3: HR = 1.264, 95% CI 1.015–1.573, P = 0.036), and nonfatal myocardial infarction (Model 1: HR = 1.447, 95% CI 1.255–1.669, P < 0.001; Model 2: HR = 1.252, 95% CI 1.045–1.499, P = 0.015; Model 3: HR = 1.284, 95% CI 1.071–1.539, P = 0.007). Subgroup stratified analyses showed that AIP might interact with sex, a classical risk factor of cardiovascular events.

Conclusions
This study showed that AIP might be a strong biomarker that could be used to predict the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM.
Trial registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000620.
Eating, sleeping and moving recommendations in clinical practice guidelines for paediatric depression: umbrella review
Authors: Campisi Susan C. , Krause Karolin R. , Chan Benjamin W. C. , Courtney Darren B. , Bennett Kathryn , Korczak Daphne J. , Szatmari Peter 
Published: October 2021

Background
Current first-line treatments for paediatric depression demonstrate mild-to-moderate effectiveness. This has spurred a growing body of literature on lifestyle recommendations pertaining to nutrition, sleep and exercise for treating paediatric depression.

Aims
Paediatric depression clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) were reviewed for quality and to catalogue recommendations on nutrition, sleep and exercise made by higher-quality CPGs.

Method
Searches were conducted in Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL, and grey literature CPGs databases for relevant CPGs. Eligible CPGs with a minimum or high-quality level, as determined by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation, Second Edition instrument, were included if they were (a) paediatric; (b) CPGs, practice parameter or consensus or expert committee recommendations; (c) for depression; (d) the latest version and (e) lifestyle recommendations for nutrition, sleep or exercise. Key information extracted included author(s), language, year of publication, country, the institutional body issuing the CPG, target disorder, age group, lifestyle recommendation and the methods used to determine CPG lifestyle recommendations.

Results
Ten paediatric CPGs for depression with a minimum or high-quality level contained recommendations on nutrition, sleep or exercise. Lifestyle recommendations were predominately qualitative, with quantitative details only outlined in two CPGs for exercise. Most recommendations were brief general statements, with 50% lacking supporting evidence from the literature.

Conclusions
Interest in lifestyle interventions for treatment in child and youth depression is growing. However, current CPG lifestyle recommendations for nutrition, sleep or exercise are based on expert opinion rather than clinical trials.
Uncovering the root of LEFT in SMEFT
Authors: Chakrabortty J. , Prakash S. , Rahaman S. U. , Spannowsky M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
At energies below the electroweak scale, baryon number B and lepton number L violating processes are of significant importance in identifying the nature of UV extensions of the Standard Model. The imprint of UV theories on low-energy measurements can be calculated to a high accuracy using the theoretical framework of the Low-Energy Effective Theory (LEFT). Using

and the operators' dimensions as classifying characteristics, we construct a network connecting operator classes of the LEFT with the Standard Model Effective Theory (SMEFT). Following the links of this network, the contact interactions described by the effective operators of LEFT can be unambiguously embedded into those of SMEFT, which enables us to constrain the possible realisations of UV theories. In turn, this can help to prioritise low-energy measurements with the aim of comprehensively testing all classes of LEFT and SMEFT operators.
Magnetic semiconductor in rare-earth-element–based quaternary Heusler compounds
Authors: Lu Yue , Li Dehu , Wang Yue , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Magnetic semiconductors have become a widely studied direction in spintronic materials due to their unique energy band structure and two different spin transport channels. In this work, we imported rare-earth atoms into quaternary Heusler compounds and considered on Slater-Pauling rules. Magnetic semiconductors FeCrYSn, FeCrYGe, FeCrLuGe, FeCrLuSn, FeCrLuSi, FeVLuSb, MnCrYSb, and MnCrLuSb were found through first-principle calculations. According to the result, the band gaps of these quaternary Heusler compounds are extremely narrow.
Spiral waves in population density distributions of invasive pests in warm-temperate deciduous forest ecosystems
Authors: Gao Jian , Gu Changgui , Shen Chuansheng , Yang Huijie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Globally, forests are increasingly being affected by invasive alien pests, some of which have caused wholesale destruction of trees. Recent research suggests that, in the United States, large-scale forests have been invaded by an astonishing number (> 450) of tree-feeding pests. Invasive alien pests always induce cascading ecological effects, leading to harmful socioeconomic consequences; however, the prevention and control of invasive alien pests in forests have been facing significant challenges worldwide. Here, we studied theoretically the control of invasive nonnative pests in warm-temperate deciduous forest ecosystems by their natural enemies (biological control), and controlled them to an extent that ecosystems can bear. We obtained a novel type of spiral wave in the spatial distribution of population density, and also observed a transition phenomenon between spiral wave and anti-spiral wave, which is explained by a mathematical analysis. Specifically, the formation of this type of spiral wave is attributed to the directional transformation of states between the period-5 orbits under the impact of diffusion transport. And the transition phenomenon is caused by changes of relative positions of the period-5 orbits in phase space. Moreover, we also found a novel type of instability of spiral wave, which includes a birth-growth-death process of spiral fragments. The findings provide possible regularities in the process of biological control of invasive alien pests in the complex and changeable forest ecosystems, which may guide actual biological control projects.
Enhanced absorption in thin and ultrathin silicon films by 3D photonic band gap back reflectors
Authors: Sharma Devashish , Hasan Shakeeb Bin , Saive Rebecca , van der Vegt Jaap J. W. , Vos Willem L. 
Published: October 2021

Since thin and ultrathin silicon films have limited optical absorption, we explore the effect of a nanostructured back reflector to recycle the unabsorbed light. As a back reflector, we investigate a three-dimensional (3D) photonic band gap crystal made from silicon that is readily integrated with the thin silicon films. We numerically obtain the optical properties by solving the 3D time-harmonic Maxwell equations using the finite-element method, and model silicon with experimentally determined optical constants. The absorption enhancement spectra and the photonic band gap generated current density are obtained by weighting the absorption spectra with the AM 1.5 standard solar spectrum. We study thin films in two different regimes, much thicker (L
Si
= 2400 nm) or much thinner (L
Si
= 80 nm) than the wavelength of light. For L
Si
= 2400 nm thin film, the 3D photonic band gap crystal enhances the spectrally averaged (λ = 680 nm to 880 nm) silicon absorption by 2.22 × (s −pol.) to 2.45 × (p −pol.), which exceeds the enhancement of a perfect metal back reflector (1.47 to 1.56 ×). The absorption is considerably enhanced by the (i) broadband angle and polarization-independent reflectivity in the 3D photonic band gap, and (ii) the excitation of many guided modes in the film by the crystal’s surface diffraction leading to greatly enhanced path lengths. For L
Si
= 80 nm ultrathin film, the photonic crystal back reflector yields a striking average absorption enhancement of 9.15 ×, much more than 0.83 × for a perfect metal. This enhancement is due to a remarkable guided mode that is confined within the combined thickness of the ultrathin film and the photonic crystal’s Bragg attenuation length. An important feature of the 3D photonic band gap is to have a broad bandwidth, which leads to the back reflector’s Bragg attenuation length being much shorter than the silicon absorption length. Consequently, light is confined inside the thin film and the remarkable absorption enhancements are not due to the additional thickness of the photonic crystal back reflector. We briefly discuss a number of high-tech devices that could profit from our results, including ultrathin film solar cells.
Fatal opioid overdoses during and shortly after hospital admissions in England: A case-crossover study
Authors: Lewer Dan , Eastwood Brian , White Martin , Brothers Thomas D. , McCusker Martin , Copeland Caroline , Farrell Michael , Petersen Irene 
Published: October 2021

Background
Hospital patients who use illicit opioids such as heroin may use drugs during an admission or leave the hospital in order to use drugs. There have been reports of patients found dead from drug poisoning on the hospital premises or shortly after leaving the hospital. This study examines whether hospital admission and discharge are associated with increased risk of opioid-related death.

Methods and findings
We conducted a case-crossover study of opioid-related deaths in England. Our study included 13,609 deaths between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 among individuals aged 18 to 64. For each death, we sampled 5 control days from the period 730 to 28 days before death. We used data from the national Hospital Episode Statistics database to determine the time proximity of deaths and control days to hospital admissions. We estimated the association between hospital admission and opioid-related death using conditional logistic regression, with a reference category of time neither admitted to the hospital nor within 14 days of discharge. A total of 236/13,609 deaths (1.7%) occurred following drug use while admitted to the hospital. The risk during hospital admissions was similar or lower than periods neither admitted to the hospital nor recently discharged, with odds ratios 1.03 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.21; p = 0.75) for the first 14 days of an admission and 0.41 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.56; p < 0.001) for days 15 onwards. 1,088/13,609 deaths (8.0%) occurred in the 14 days after discharge. The risk of opioid-related death increased in this period, with odds ratios of 4.39 (95% CI 3.75 to 5.14; p < 0.001) on days 1 to 2 after discharge and 2.09 (95% CI 1.92 to 2.28; p < 0.001) on days 3 to 14. 11,629/13,609 deaths (85.5%) did not occur close to a hospital admission, and the remaining 656/13,609 deaths (4.8%) occurred in hospital following admission due to drug poisoning. Risk was greater for patients discharged from psychiatric admissions, those who left the hospital against medical advice, and those leaving the hospital after admissions of 7 days or more. The main limitation of the method is that it does not control for time-varying health or drug use within individuals; therefore, hospital admissions coinciding with high-risk periods may in part explain the results.

Conclusions
Discharge from the hospital is associated with an acute increase in the risk of opioid-related death, and 1 in 14 opioid-related deaths in England happens in the 2 weeks after the hospital discharge. This supports interventions that prevent early discharge and improve linkage with community drug treatment and harm reduction services.
Esport Play: Anticipation, Attachment and Addiction in Psycholudic Development, Veli-Matti Karhulahti (2020)
Authors: Shelton James 
Published: October 2021

Review of: Esport Play: Anticipation, Attachment and Addiction in Psycholudic Development, Veli-Matti Karhulahti (2020)
New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 206 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-50135-934-7, h/bk, £72.00
Dans la peau des gamers: Anthropologie d’une guilde de World of Warcraft (Inside the Gamers: Anthropology of a Guild of World of Warcraft), Olivier Servais (2020)
Authors: Kollasch Stanley Y. 
Published: October 2021

Review of: Dans la peau des gamers: Anthropologie d’une guilde de World of Warcraft (Inside the Gamers: Anthropology of a Guild of World of Warcraft), Olivier Servais (2020)
Paris: Karthala, 344 pp.,
ISBN 978-2-81112-630-8, p/bk, €25.00
New results on the existence of ground state solutions for generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equations coupled with the Chern–Simons gauge theory
Authors: Xiao Yingying , Zhu Chuanxi 
Published: October 2021

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Cryptocurrency Safe Haven Property against Indonesian Stock Market During COVID-19
Authors: Gunawan Mudita , Anggono Achmad Herlanto 
Published: October 2021

Safe-haven assets conserve their value or grow against another asset or portfolioduring market turmoil. Indonesian stock market, represented by the Jakarta compositeÂ index (JKSE), plunged in price because of COVID-19, pushing investors to look forÂ safe-havens. The cryptocurrency began to be perceived as a store of value as indicatedÂ by the transaction volume increase; hence it was expected to be a safe haven asset.Â However, cryptocurrencyâ€™s high price volatility cast doubts on its store of valueÂ effectiveness, prompting inspection for its safe haven property as well. This researchÂ aimed to predict the assets' risk and return plus investigate whether cryptocurrencyÂ is safe haven assets against the Indonesian stock market during COVID- 19. DailyÂ closing prices of JKSE, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, and Ripple were used, then theÂ GARCH model was implemented in the forecasting. DCC-GARCH model, followedÂ by dummy variable regression, will be applied to the return data to evaluate the safeÂ haven property. The prediction projected Bitcoin as the most profitable asset andRipple as the riskiest. The analysis and robustness test suggested that none of theseÂ cryptocurrencies were safe haven assets during the whole observation. This indicatesÂ that investors who intend to seek safe haven investments were advised againstÂ investing in these cryptocurrencies.
#Savetheinternet-Wir sind keine Bots : la mobilisation des Allemands sur YouTube contre l’article 13 de la directive européenne dite « copyright »
Authors: Chevret-Castellani Christine 
Published: October 2021

Cet article porte sur la communication à des fins de mobilisation sur YouTube dont la vocation première n’est pas l’usage politique. Nous nous intéressons à la manière dont circulent des discours politiques sur ce réseau socio-numérique et comment les formes de la mobilisation peuvent être influencées par le déploiement de plates-formes. Nous analysons ici plus particulièrement comment des internautes ont contesté l’« article 13 » (devenu article 17 dans le texte final) de la directive européenne sur le droit d’auteur dans le marché unique numérique, dite « copyright », définitivement adoptée le 26 mars 2019. Des mises en ligne de vidéos de manifestations de rue en Allemagne avec pour slogans « Save the internet » et « Wir sind keine Bots » se sont multipliées sur YouTube entre le 23 et le 26 mars 2019, témoignant ainsi de la constitution d’un collectif autour d’un problème public, celui lié à la défense de la liberté d’expression. Leur observation conduit à s’interroger sur des évolutions des significations de la participation perceptibles ici à travers l’orchestration de différentes ressources numériques praxisées.
AJUSTE DE DOSE DOS MEDICAMENTOS DE ACORDO COM A FUNÇÃO RENAL EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Rodrigues Gisele Araújo , Da Silva Alves Jessica Wedna , Lima de Souza Regina Meira , De Vasconcelos Laís Silva , Moura Celuane Alves , Brandão Ricardo , Monte Moreira Francisca Sueli 
Published: October 2021

O presente estudo avaliou a necessidade de ajuste de dose dos medicamentos de acordo com a função renal dos pacientes da clínica médica em um hospital universitário do Estado de Pernambuco. O estudo seguiu delineamento transversal. Foram analisadas as prescrições dos pacientes internados no período de setembro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Nesse período, 245 pacientes tiveram suas prescrições avaliadas. Destes, 45 pacientes (18,3%) foram excluídos devido à ausência de informações sobre creatinina e 152 (62,0%) por não necessitarem ajuste da dose de medicamento, porque a função renal estava dentro dos parâmetros de normalidade. Os 48 pacientes restantes foram incluídos no estudo final, pois apresentavam função renal alterada e utilizavam medicamentos excretados por via renal. Dos pacientes, 60,4% receberam, durante a internação, pelo menos uma prescrição com dose de medicamento não ajustado de acordo com a função renal. Dentre os medicamentos com doses não ajustadas, os antimicrobianos foram os mais frequentes. Este estudo alerta para a importância do acompanhamento da função renal, principalmente quando prescritos medicamentos excretados via renal.
The effect of exercise intensity on exercise‐induced hypoalgesia in cancer survivors: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Clifford Briana K. , Jones Matthew D. , Simar David , Barry Benjamin K. , Goldstein David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPain is experienced by people with cancer during treatment and in survivorship. Exercise can have an acute hypoalgesic effect (exercise‐induced hypoalgesia; EIH) in healthy individuals and some chronic pain states. However, EIH, and the moderating effect of exercise intensity, has not been investigated in cancer survivors. This study examined the effect of low‐ and high‐intensity aerobic exercise on EIH in cancer survivors after a single exercise session as well as a brief period of exercise training (2‐weeks, three exercise sessions per week). Participants (N = 19) were randomized to low‐ (30%–40% Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) or high‐ (60%–70% HRR) intensity stationary cycling for 15–20 min. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were assessed over the rectus femoris and biceps brachii before and after a single exercise session and again after a short training period at the assigned intensity. Then, following a 6‐week washout period, the intervention was repeated at the other intensity. After the first exercise session, high‐intensity exercise resulted in greater EIH over the rectus femoris than low intensity (mean difference ± SE: −0.51 kg/cm2 ± 0.15, Cohen's d = 0.78, p = 0.004). After a 2‐week training period, we found no difference in EIH between intensities (0.01 kg/cm2 ± 0.25, d = 0.00 p = 0.99), with comparable moderate effect sizes for both low‐ and high‐intensity exercise, indicative of EIH. No EIH was observed over the biceps brachii of the arm at either low or high intensity. Low‐intensity exercise training may be a feasible option to increase pain thresholds in cancer survivors.