bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is “Chronic” in “Chronic Sleep Reduction” and What Are Its Consequences? A Systematic Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: De Bruin E. J. , Dewald-Kaufmann J. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In this scoping review, we aimed to (1) provide an overview of chronic sleep reduction by systematically reviewing the existing literature (limited to systematic reviews and meta-analyses), (2) investigate the evidence of the effects of short sleep duration on daytime functioning, and (3) identify research gaps in this field.

Recent Findings
The results showed that (1) clear definitions of chronicity of sleep reduction are lacking—none of the included reviews/meta-analyses provided a full definition—and (2) short sleep duration appeared to be related to obesity and diabetes, whereas relations with cardiovascular disease (CVD), cognitive functioning, emotional problems, general health, and mortality, showed either small effects and appeared to be complex (e.g., for CVD and cognitive functioning), or studies were scarce or completely lacking (e.g., mortality in children/adolescents and emotional problems in adults).

Summary
Although short or insufficient sleep is highly prevalent and is associated with impaired mental and physical wellbeing, as well as pervasive negative consequences for daytime functioning, the concepts of “chronicity” and “chronic sleep reduction” have not been clearly defined and its effects on health are therefore still largely unknown. Moreover, there are large research gaps concerning studies on the relations between short sleep and health consequences. Further studies are recommended to define and operationalize chronicity of sleep reduction and develop measurements that adequately represent the complexity of the concept.
Determination of the optimal battery capacity of a PEM fuel cell vehicle taking into account recuperation and supercapacitors
Authors: Konradt Swantje C. , Rottengruber Hermann 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell vehicles require an electrical intermediate storage system to compensate for dynamic load requirements. That storage system uses a battery and has the task to increase tolerance to dynamic operation. In addition, energy can be recuperated and stored in supercapacitors to increase the fuel cell vehicle’s efficiency. To determine the optimal battery capacity according to the recuperation potential and possible use of a supercapacitor, a reference vehicle with PEM fuel cell was transferred to the simulation environmentMatlab/Simulink. The model is based on a cell model describing the electrochemical and physical interactions within the cell. It has been implemented in a complete vehicle model for the representation of a fuel cell vehicle. Various legal driving cycles, such as the WLTP (“Worldwide harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure”), were used for the calculations. A further step sets the optimal battery capacity depending on the dynamic of the fuel cell system. With this simulation model, dynamic requirements—for the fuel cell and the associated system components—can be determined in the future, scalable for each vehicle depending on the battery capacity and recuperation potential.
»Dieser Fehler ist einzig und allein mein Fehler« – Politische Kommunikation im Zeichen der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Spieß Constanze 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der aktuellen Corona-Pandemie stellt die Kommunikation politischer Akteur:innen an die Bevölkerung eine wichtige Maßnahme dar, um die politischen Entscheidungen zu begründen und zu legitimieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die politische Kommunikation an die Bevölkerung am Beispiel der Ansprachen und Regierungserklärungen des österreichischen Bundeskanzlers Sebastian Kurz und der deutschen Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel im Zeitraum von März 2020 bis März 2021. Sind der Redeanlass und das intendierte Ziel der Ansprachen und Erklärungen der Akteur:innen typologisch gleich, zeigen sich in der konkreten sprachlichen Realisierung der Ansprachen und Erklärungen deutliche Unterschiede, aber auch Gemeinsamkeiten. Der Beitrag nimmt insbesondere die argumentative Struktur, die Redehandlungen, die damit verbundenen Positionierungs- und Adressierungsverfahren sowie die kommunikativen Strategien in den Blick und arbeitet sowohl Gemeinsamkeiten als auch Unterschiede der Reden heraus.
Vaccine Hesitancy of Health-Care Workers: Another Challenge in the Fight Against COVID-19 in Istanbul
Authors: Yilmaz Sarper , Çolak Figen Ünal , Yilmaz Erdal , Ak Rohat , Hökenek Nihat Müjdat , Altıntaş Mehmet Mustafa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:Health-care workers (HCWs) are often seen as the most reliable source of vaccine-related information for their patients; nevertheless, various studies show that HCWs experience vaccine hesitation. In this study, the aim was to determine the reasons for vaccine hesitation among HCWs working in a large public hospital and its affiliated units in Istanbul.Methods:A descriptive method for collecting qualitative data was designed for this study. The data of the HCWs were analyzed in line with the vaccine hesitancy factors put forward by the World Health Organization (WHO).Results:The most important vaccine hesitancy theme that emerged was the fear and lack of confidence in the vaccines, which was expressed at a higher rate than any other theme in all HCWs. The most cited reason for fear/lack of confidence in the vaccine was the fear of its side effects. It was observed that the HCWs who reported hesitation about vaccination due to pregnancy and breastfeeding consisted of women. The second most common theme for vaccine hesitation was reported as an inconvenience in accessing the vaccines. Although HCWs have priority, they stated that their reason for vaccine hesitancy was due to heavy personal issues or workloads. The final theme was about complacency, or thinking they do not need the vaccine.Conclusions:Vaccine hesitation is a challenge that can be overcome with detailed monitoring and policy-making. Although the vaccine seems to be more significant, we do not want to see vaccine hesitancy grow more than the vaccine itself.
3D SKETCHES IN VIRTUAL REALITY AND THEIR EFFECT ON DEVELOPMENT TIMES
Authors: Seybold Carsten , Mantwill Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the product development process, digital support continues to advance. Some work steps during product development are still carried out without assistance. Sketch creation is one of these. Therefore, the content created here is rarely documented due to the effort required for digital transformation. An alternative can be sketching in virtual reality. This article explores whether 3D sketching in VR enables faster sketching and can offer the basic features of hand-drawn sketches. To verify this, a tool for 3D sketching was developed. 27 test subjects were asked to solve one out of two different design tasks using this tool. The experiments were evaluated using video coding to identify the subjects actions. The created solutions have been analyzed about quality. The study showed initial indications that sketching in VR generally enables faster processing while maintaining the same solution quality.
DESIGN FOR LONGEVITY - A FRAMEWORK TO SUPPORT THE DESIGNING OF A PRODUCT'S OPTIMAL LIFETIME
Authors: Carlsson Simon , Mallalieu Adam , Almefelt Lars , Malmqvist Johan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtending the lifespan of products and parts is seen as a solution in the transition towards a circular economy. There are many proposed design approaches argued to facilitate this. However, extending the lifespan of products and parts is not always desirable, and product developers should instead strive to design for a specific longevity; the product's optimal lifetime. The latter in turn depends on many various contextual factors, and this paper has identified the three main contextual factors as; the user, the business, and the resource efficiency. Considering these three appropriately can help product developers to define their product's optimal lifetime. Altogether, these components promote the mindset of Design for Longevity. Specifically, as extracted from this paper: “Design for Longevity aims at designing products with an optimal lifetime, where optimal means taking the user, the business and the resource efficiency perspectives into account when designing the life of a product”. A Design for Longevity framework is proposed and evaluated in this paper, and it is concluded that the proposed Design for Longevity framework can support product developers to implement the Design for Longevity mindset.
DESIGN STUDENTS’ TAKE ON CO-DESIGN IN HEALTH: REFLECTIONS FROM LEARNING AND EDUCATION PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Høiseth Marikken , Forshaug Ann Kristin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing three projects as a showcase, the aim of this article is to report on design students’ take on co-design in health, in terms of both outcomes and processes. It builds on project work conducted in a master’s course called ‘Design for Society’, reserved for 4th-year industrial design students in the Department of Design at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The students were encouraged to explore how healthcare services could facilitate active, informed and involved patients. The overall theme was provided by a cluster funded by the Norwegian Research Council addressing co-creative service design and innovation in health. Based on initial research, the students, organised in groups, identified a chronic illness that has a lifelong impact on everyday life, such as cystic fibrosis, fibromyalgia, and Alzheimer’s disease. We give an account of three selected projects by showcasing developed concepts, central methods and tools, and we share key reflections from the students and the course educators on their experiences of working with co-design in health in an academic environment.
DESIGNING A SHAPED SEAT-PAN CUSHION TO IMPROVE POSTURAL (DIS)COMFORT REDUCING PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AND INCREASING CONTACT AREA AT THE INTERFACE
Authors: Fiorillo Iolanda , Song Yu , Vink Peter , Naddeo Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRemaining seated for extended periods increases the risk health issues and discomfort perception. Consequently, the seat-pan design is crucial and could be mainly influenced by two factors: pressure distribution and seat contour. For seat pan discomfort, the lower average pressure is accompanied by less discomfort. Moreover, a seat contour with a large contact area is correlated with more comfort. Thus, a shaped cushion had been accurately designed (Virtual Prototype) and realized (Physical Prototype) aiming to translate the pressure distribution due to interaction between seat and buttock in a geometric shape, suitable for the international population (including P5 females and P95 males). With this shape, the pressure should be more uniform and lower, the contact area at interface bigger, and the perceived comfort higher. Both Virtual and Physical Prototype design had been described in this paper through a repeatable and straightforward approach. Also, experiments had been performed to validate the hypothesis through a comparison with a standard flat cushion. Results showed the goal of the design had been reached: the shaped cushion scored less pressure distribution and higher contact area than the flat cushion.
DESIGNING A TEMPORARY COLD PROTECTIVE GEAR CONSTRUCTED BY FOLDING NEWSPRINT PAPER CONSIDERING HEAT-RETAINING PROPERTY AND RIGIDITY
Authors: Oda Tatsuya , Wesugi Shigeru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring the cold season, the cold protective products are often short during evacuation life after a natural disaster. If evacuees can make and wear simple cold protective gears by using materials obtainable on site, it will reduce the burden on the evacuees in emergent situation. Therefore, we investigated the structure constructed by folding newsprint paper, which can improve the heat retention effect and be applied to various body shapes. Focusing on the glide reflection structure repeating a smaller chamber, the basic size was determined by experiments with reference to the accordion shape, and the experimental results indicated that the heat retention effect was significantly greater than that of a mere air layer and those of ordinary fabrics. Next, it was found that the apex angle of structure had no significant difference in the heat retention effect. Then, the dimensions of the structure were determined to maintain the air layer under the pressure of the clothes by simulation of structural analyses. Finally, we made a temporary cold protective gear that can practically cover the trunk of the body and found that the heat retention effect was significantly higher than that of unprocessed newsprint and that of accordion shape.
DEVELOPMENT OF OPEN ABDOMEN DEVICE BASED ON BIODESIGN METHODOLOGY
Authors: Sierra Manuela , Pereira Salín , Isaza Juan Felipe , Montoya Iván Darío , Diaz Christian Andrés , Velásquez Diego , Londoño Carolina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOpen Abdomen (OA) therapy, is purposely leaving the fascial edges of the abdomen un-approximated after a laparotomy. During the OA therapy, there must be a temporary abdominal closure (TAC) device installed in the patient to achieve abdominal closure gradually without affecting its safety. However, the actual TAC devices have some gaps in terms of functionality or usability, therefore a new device is proposed. Intending to design a usable and functional technique for patients all over the world, the BioDesign Innovation Process was used. This iterative methodology focuses on healthcare needs, invention, and concept development with three main phases: Identify, Invent and Implement. At the end of these phases, the team successfully developed two new abdominal closure techniques that fill in the gaps of functionality and usability, using a simulator that realistically mimicked the physical and mechanical properties of an open abdomen. In terms of functionality, the novel techniques showed safe installation, operational security, secure grip, low invasiveness and control of intra-abdominal pressure. In terms of usability, the devices showed better results in efficiency, effectiveness and easy re-exploration than the control group.
ELICITING CHILDREN'S EXPECTATIONS FOR HAND PROSTHESES THROUGH GENERATIVE DESIGN TOOLS
Authors: Dursun Melis , Şener Pedgley Bahar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen designing assistive devices for children with disabilities, designers mostly consider technical and functional aspects and overlook factors that affect their usage from children’s perspective. Therefore, in most cases, assistive devices do not fully meet the needs of the children and may create a negative effect on children’s well-being. To explore the opinion’s of children using 3D printed hand prosthetics in Country-Xx, individual generative sessions were conducted with four children with limb deficiency. Generative tools are used to engage children and encourage them to express themselves in relation to prosthesis use. The main aim was to investigate how children provide design relevant information that may help designers to achieve improved assistive devices that support children’s physical, emotional and social wellbeing. Children’s feedback related to prosthetic usage categorized under two topics; expectations of children for prosthesis use and children’s priority expectation for the prosthesis. The findings are argued to be useful and usable by NGOs, product designers and design researchers who work with children with disabilities.
ENGINEERING STUDENT ATTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT THROUGHOUT THE DESIGN PROCESS
Authors: Thomson Avril , Grierson Hilary 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe paper reports on a study that aims to gain an understanding of how senior engineering design students engage and attain throughout the various stages of the design process during a major design project. Following a literature review it sets out to answer 3 main research questionsQ1. Do students engage more with certain stages of the design process during major project work?;Q2. Do students attain better during certain phases of the design process during major project ?Q3. Is there a difference in this attainment between year groups of the same degree programme ?The methodology adopted employs an analysis of marks and an online questionnaire to collect data. Patterns and trends in how senior BEng and MEng Product Design Engineering students engage and attain within the design process are presented, identified and discussed and in turn used to inform reflection on the research questions set.
EVALUATING PROTOTYPING SUPPORT IN EARLY TRANSFORMATIVE PSS DESIGN
Authors: Ruvald Ryan Michael , Larsson Andreas , Johansson Askling Christian , Bertoni Alessandro , Larsson Tobias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrototypes are an established tool for rapidly increasing learning, communication and decision making rationale for design projects. The proven success has spawned a litany of approaches and methods for building and planning the efficient planning and construction of prototypes. Translating these methods into simple usable tools to assist novice designers has generated broadly applicable canvases to support prototyping across the design process. Product Service System design has similarly introduced prototyping methods and tools into the process. Presently there is a lack of support for generating early phase tangible prototypes for functional PSS design aimed at more radically innovative solutions instead of currently dominant traditional products with traditional add-on services. This work explores the viability of utilizing existing prototyping support tools in the context of early PSS design through workshops with student designers and practitioners. The data from these workshops illuminates the alignments and misalignment gaps presented as guidelines to enable better support for early PSS designers.
A MULTI-AGENT REINFORCEMENT LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING WITH AUTONOMOUS MOBILE ROBOTS
Authors: Agrawal Akash , Won Sung Jun , Sharma Tushar , Deshpande Mayuri , McComb Christopher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntelligent manufacturing (IM) embraces Industry 4.0 design principles to advance autonomy and increase manufacturing efficiency. However, many IM systems are created ad hoc, which limits the potential for generalizable design principles and operational guidelines. This work offers a standardizing framework for integrated job scheduling and navigation control in an autonomous mobile robot driven shop floor, an increasingly common IM paradigm. We specifically propose a multi-agent framework involving mobile robots, machines, humans. Like any cyberphysical system, the performance of IM systems is influenced by the construction of the underlying software platforms and the choice of the constituent algorithms. In this work, we demonstrate the use of reinforcement learning on a sub-system of the proposed framework and test its effectiveness in a dynamic scenario. The case study demonstrates collaboration amongst robots to maximize throughput and safety on the shop floor. Moreover, we observe nuanced behavior, including the ability to autonomously compensate for processing delays, and machine and robot failures in real time.
A REVIEW OF DESIGN RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING PRODUCTIVITY IN THE ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION (AEC) INDUSTRY
Authors: Wong Yvonne Yu Bing , Joyce Sam Conrad , Blessing Lucienne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProductivity studies in the AEC industry has gained significant attention in the past decade, however the impact from actual industry application has not kept up. This could be attributed to the focus on construction productivity instead of engineering productivity. This paper presents a systematic literature review on engineering design productivity in AEC industry focusing on design research method applications.
A TOPOLOGICAL FORMALISM FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DESIGN SPACES
Authors: Ortiz Joshua , Summers Joshua , Coykendall James , Roberts Travis , Rai Rahul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to present a mathematically grounded description of the two topological spaces for the design problem and the design solution. These spaces are derived in a generalized form such that they can be applied by researchers studying engineering design and developing new methods or engineers seeking to understand the influence that changes in the problem space have on the solution space. In addition to the formal definitions of the spaces, including assumptions and limitations, three types of supported reasoning are presented to demonstrate the potential uses. These include similarity analysis to compare spaces, an approach to sensitivity analysis of the solution space to changes in the problem space, and finally a distance measure to determine how far a current proposal is to the feasible solution space. This paper is presented to establish a common vocabulary for researchers when discussing, studying, and supporting the dyadic nature of engineering design (problem-solution co-evolution).
ACCELERATED PARAMETERIZED COMPUTATION OF THE THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF DUAL PURPOSE CASKS
Authors: Roppel Matthias , Lange Christopher , Roith Bernd , Rieg Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the fundamental requirements for dual purpose casks, which are used for the transport and interim storage of spent fuel assemblies, is the safe removal of the resulting decay heat. To ensure this the temperature fields are determined using numerical methods. However, their modelling is complex and the computation time-consuming.In order to accelerate this thermal assessment, we have developed z88ENSI, an independent simulation tool based on finite element analysis. With regard to the modelling, various parameters can be varied quickly with our newly designed mesh manipulation procedure. Concerning the computation time, we developed and implemented an approach for calculating three-dimensional temperature fields, based on an already existing two-dimensional method which lacked precision. We accelerate the calculation by using extended thermal gap constraints, which depict the thermal behaviour of the non-meshed, gas-filled gaps inside the cask. We validate the results of our calculation tool by comparing them with those generated with Ansys. The results of the comparison temperatures differ between −0.8% and 3.7%. The speedup of z88ENSI for the specific validation setting is between 6.9 and 15.0.
ADOPTION OF MODULAR DESIGN BY MAKERS AND PROSUMERS. A SURVEY
Authors: Asión-Suñer Laura , López-Forniés Ignacio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe growing tendency for end users to get involved in the design and manufacturing phase of their own products has led to the proliferation of makers and prosumers. The tools available for this have been adapted to be used by non-specialized users who seek to meet their own needs and wants. Modular design offers a series of advantages directly related to the needs of current users, but which has hardly been used to benefit them. Instead, its development has geared towards aspects that are hidden to the consumer, such as flexible production.This work presents a survey, part of a wider research, whose objective is to develop a methodological model for the prosumer to benefit from modular design. The survey was open for several months and was only aimed at makers, prosumers and designers. A dissemination plan was drawn up where the current communication channels of these users were taken into account. The results show what the current prosumer is like, what their needs are and how they relate to modular design. Finally, the conclusions provide information on how to develop a model proposal to ensure its correct usability and acceptance.