bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spherically symmetric model atmospheres using approximate lambda operators
Authors: Kubát Jiří , Kubátová Brankica 
Published: August 2021

Context. Clumping is a common property of stellar winds and is being incorporated to a solution of the radiative transfer equation coupled with kinetic equilibrium equations. However, in static hot model atmospheres, clumping and its influence on the temperature and density structures have not been considered and analysed at all to date. This is in spite of the fact that clumping can influence the interpretation of resulting spectra, as many inhomogeneities can appear there; for example, as a result of turbulent motions.
Aims. We aim to investigate the effects of clumping on atmospheric structure for the special case of a static, spherically symmetric atmosphere assuming microclumping and a 1D geometry.
Methods. Static, spherically symmetric, non-LTE (local thermodynamic equilibrium) model atmospheres were calculated using the recent version of our code, which includes optically thin clumping. The matter is assumed to consist of dense clumps and a void interclump medium. Clumping is considered by means of clumping and volume filling factors, assuming all clumps are optically thin. Enhanced opacity and emissivity in clumps are multiplied by a volume filling factor to obtain their mean values. These mean values are used in the radiative transfer equation. Equations of kinetic equilibrium and the thermal balance equation use clump values of densities. Equations of hydrostatic and radiative equilibrium use mean values of densities.
Results. The atmospheric structure was calculated for selected stellar parameters. Moderate differences were found in temperature structure. However, clumping causes enhanced continuum radiation for the Lyman-line spectral region, while radiation in other parts of the spectrum is lower, depending on the adopted model. The atomic level departure coefficients are influenced by clumping as well.
One-sided arc averaging geometries in time–distance local helioseismology
Authors: Korda David , Švanda Michal , Roudier Thierry 
Published: August 2021

Context. The study of solar oscillations (helioseismology) has been a very successful method of researching the Sun. Helioseismology teaches us about the structure and mean properties of the Sun. Together with mid-resolution data, the local properties were uncovered in quiet-Sun regions. However, magnetic fields affect the oscillations and prevent us from studying the properties of magnetically active regions with helioseismology.
Aims. We aim to create a new methodology to suppress the negative effects of magnetic fields on solar oscillations and measure plasma properties close to active regions.
Methods. The methodology consists of new averaging geometries, a non-linear approach to travel-time measurements, and a consistent inversion method that combines plasma flows and sound-speed perturbations.
Results. We constructed the one-sided arc averaging geometries and applied them to the non-linear approach of travel-time measurements. Using the one-sided arc travel times, we reconstructed the annulus travel times in a quiet-Sun region. We tested the methodology against the validated helioseismic inversion pipeline. We applied the new methodology for an inversion for surface horizontal flows in a region with a circular H-type sunspot. The inverted surface horizontal flows are comparable with the output of the coherent structure tracking, which is not strongly affected by the presence of the magnetic field. We show that the new methodology suppresses the negative effects of magnetic fields up to outer penumbra. We measure divergent flows with properties comparable to the moat flow.
Conclusions. The new methodology can teach us about the depth structure of active regions and physical conditions that contribute to the evolution of the active regions.
Effect of optically thin cooling curves on condensation formation: Case study using thermal instability
Authors: Hermans J. , Keppens R. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Non-gravitationally induced condensations are observed in many astrophysical environments. In solar physics, common phenomena are coronal rain and prominences. These structures are formed due to energy loss by optically thin radiative emission. Instead of solving the full radiative transfer equations, precomputed cooling curves are typically used in numerical simulations. In the literature, a wide variety of cooling curves exist, and they are quite often used as unquestionable ingredients.
Aims. We here determine the effect of the optically thin cooling curves on the formation and evolution of condensations. We also investigate the effect of numerical settings. This includes the resolution and the low-temperature treatment of the cooling curves, for which the optically thin approximation is not valid.
Methods. We performed a case study using thermal instability as a mechanism to form in situ condensations. We compared 2D numerical simulations with different cooling curves using interacting slow magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves as trigger for the thermal instability. Furthermore, we discuss a bootstrap measure to investigate the far non-linear regime of thermal instability. In the appendix, we include the details of all cooling curves implemented in MPI-AMRVAC and briefly discuss a hydrodynamic variant of the slow MHD waves setup for thermal instability.
Results. For all tested cooling curves, condensations are formed. The differences due to the change in cooling curve are twofold. First, the growth rate of the thermal instability is different, leading to condensations that form at different times. Second, the morphology of the formed condensation varies widely. After the condensation forms, we find fragmentation that is affected by the low-temperature treatment of the cooling curves. Condensations formed using cooling curves that vanish for temperatures lower than 20 000 K appear to be more stable against dynamical instabilities. We also show the need for high-resolution simulations. The bootstrap procedure allows us to continue the simulation into the far non-linear regime, where the condensation fragments dynamically align with the background magnetic field. The non-linear regime and fragmentation in the hydrodynamic case differ greatly from the low-beta MHD case.
Conclusions. We advocate the use of modern cooling curves, based on accurate computations and current atomic parameters and solar abundances. Our bootstrap procedure can be used in future multi-dimensional simulations to study fine-structure dynamics in solar prominences.
Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with TNG
Authors: Zhang R. , Lucatello S. , Bragaglia A. , Carrera R. , Spina L. , Alonso-Santiago J. , Andreuzzi G. , Casali G. , Carretta E. , Frasca A. , Fu X. , Magrini L. , Origlia L. , D’Orazi V. , Vallenari A. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Thanks to the modern understanding of stellar evolution, we can accurately measure the ages of open clusters (OCs). Given their position, they are ideal tracers of the Galactic disc. Gaia data release 2, besides providing precise parallaxes, led to the detection of many new clusters, opening a new era for the study of the Galactic disc. However, detailed information on the chemical abundance for OCs is necessary to accurately date them and to efficiently use them to probe the evolution of the disc.
Aims. Mapping and exploring the Milky Way structure is the main aim of the Stellar Population Astrophysics project. Part of this work involves the use of OCs and the derivation of their precise and accurate chemical composition. Here, we aim to analyse a sample of OCs located within about 2 kpc from the Sun, with ages from about 50 Myr to a few gigayears.
Methods. We used HARPS-N at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and collected very high-resolution spectra (R = 115 000) of 40 red giant/red clump stars in 18 OCs (16 never or scarcely studied plus two comparison clusters). We measured their radial velocities and derived the stellar parameters (Teff, log g, vmicro, and [Fe/H]) based on equivalent width measurement combined with a 1D – LTE atmospherical model.
Results. We discuss the relationship between metallicity and Galactocentric distance, adding literature data to our results to enlarge the sample and also taking age into account. We compared the result of observational data with the findings of chemo-dynamical models. These models generally reproduce the metallicity gradient well. However, at young ages we find a large dispersion in metallicity, that is not reproduced by models. Several possible explanations are explored, including uncertainties in the derived metallicity. We confirm the difficulties in determining parameters for young stars (age < 200 Myr), which is attributable to a combination of intrinsic factors (activity, fast rotation, magnetic fields, etc) which atmospheric models cannot easily reproduce and which affect the uncertainty on parameters.
Case Study Comparison: Limitations in Telehealth Relating to Poverty and Family Support
Authors: Jorgensen Lindsey E. , Barrett Rachel E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTelehealth appointments have grown in popularity due to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Three cases presented in this article show several different perspectives where telehealth was utilized. For the first patient, appointments were successfully completed via telehealth; however, the patient's family opted to continue with an unsecure internet connection at a local laundromat. For the second patient, a stable internet connection could not be obtained in his home, thus making telehealth appointments unavailable. The caregiver of this patient ended up driving to the clinic to have adjustments made in person. For the third patient, telehealth appointments were unavailable due to unstable internet connections as well as difficulty setting up video interpreting services. These cases highlight the idea that telehealth can be incredibly beneficial, when used correctly. For some, the option to attend appointments virtually gives them access to specialists that otherwise may not be available. For other patients, aspects such as access to smart devices and steady internet access must be considered to ensure a successful connection. The hope is that this article sheds light on some of the potential setbacks that can come from the use of telehealth appointments in a practice and provides discussion regarding for whom telehealth may be appropriate, even in pediatric patients. After reading this article, readers should be able to discuss ways in which there could be solutions for these barriers that may prevent some patients from utilizing these types of virtual appointments.
Case report: Perinephric lymphangiomatosis
Authors: Gorantla Rajani , Yalapati Anusheela , Dev Bhawna , Joseph Santhosh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPerirenal lymphangiomatosis is a rare benign malformation of the lymphatic system. We report here a case of bilateral perirenal and parapelvic involvement with a normal excretory collecting system.
NaCl-based blood phantom analysis for in vitro bioimpedance measurement
Authors: Muramatsu Dairoku 
Published: August 2021

Daily monitoring of blood glucose levels is vital for managing diabetes; however, invasive blood sampling is a burden on patients. To improve patients’ quality of life, bioimpedance-based noninvasive blood glucose monitoring (BI-NIBGM) that involves wearable electrodes on the wrist has been proposed. In this study, we investigated the validity of applying a simple NaCl solution to a blood phantom for in vitro evaluation of BI-NIBGM. The electrical properties of cow blood and various blood phantoms with different NaCl concentrations were measured based on the parallel-plate method at frequencies from 200 kHz to 100 MHz. The following observations were made: (1) the conductivity of blood can be mimicked accurately with simple NaCl solutions, and the optimal concentration of the phantom depends on the operating frequency and (2) it is challenging to mimic the relative permittivity of blood with simple NaCl solutions because NaCl lacks a cellular structure. Furthermore, the relationship between the bioimpedance and electrical properties of the phantom was examined using a simplified arm model. The results indicate that the relative permittivity of the blood layer has little effect on the bioimpedance and that only the conductivity determines the bioimpedance. Therefore, the NaCl concentration of the phantom can be adjusted from the viewpoint of conductivity for BI-NIBGM.
Robust surface-to-mass coupling and turgor-dependent cell width determine bacterial dry-mass density
Authors: Oldewurtel Enno R. , Kitahara Yuki , van Teeffelen Sven 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Intracellular biomass density is an important variable for cellular physiology. It defines the crowded state of the cytoplasm and thus influences macromolecular interactions and transport. To control density during growth, bacteria must expand their cell volumes in synchrony with biomass. The regulation of volume growth and biomass density remain fundamentally not understood—in bacteria or any other organism. Using advanced microscopy, we demonstrate that cells control dry-mass density indirectly through two independent processes. First, cells expand surface area, rather than volume, in proportion with biomass growth. Second, cell width is controlled independently, with an important influence of turgor pressure. Our findings overturn a long-standing paradigm of mass-density constancy in bacteria and reveal fundamental determinants of dry-mass density and shape.
Discourse-referential patterns as a network of grammatical constructions
Authors: Fried Mirjam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGrammatical organization of conversational language presents us with the challenge of incorporating recurrent contextual and discourse-relevant properties in grammatical descriptions, as part of speakers’ conventional knowledge. Using data from conversational Czech extracted from the Czech National Corpus, I address this issue by tracing the relationships among a set of dative-marked expressions of interpersonal relations (traditionally labeled ‘ethical datives’) and their connection to argument-expressing dative NPs. The discourse-referential expressions form a family of distinct patterns, the differences having to do with person (1st, 2nd) and number (sg. vs.pl.); functionally, they range from marking subjectively assessed newsworthiness to signaling evidentiality and solidarity to expressing the speaker’s emotional state. The attendant reorganization of formal, semantic, and discourse features that define these dative-marked items amounts to several patterns – ‘interactional datives’ – and I show that they have the status of grammatical constructions, which are conventionally tied to certain types of discourse settings and speaker-hearer expectations. In order to represent these constructions and their relationship to other, partially related, patterns, I propose a network representation in the form of contiguous functional spaces that overlap at the boundary between argument-expression and interactional markers.
Funny you should say that
Authors: Kaltenböck Gunther 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the formal and functional properties of so-called semi-insubordination (SIS), i.e. complex sentences with an ‘incomplete’ matrix clause (e.g.Funny that you should say that), on the basis of corpus data. It is shown that SIS differs in its function from the structurally related constructionsit-extraposition and exclamatives, exhibiting its own functional profile: viz. expressing a subjectivizing speaker evaluation which is non-exclamative, deictically anchored, and relates to a non-presupposed proposition. Given these functional idiosyncrasies it is argued that SIS is best analysed as a construction in its own right (in terms of Construction Grammar) rather than simply an incomplete elliptical structure.
Scholarly publication of Brazilian researchers across disciplinary communities
Authors: Baumvol Laura , Sarmento Simone , da Luz Fontes Ana Beatriz Arêas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the context of scholarly knowledge production and dissemination in Brazil by comparing the publishing practices in both Portuguese and in English of Brazilian scholars who hold a research grant, across eight fields of knowledge. Data consists of 1,874 Curricula Vitae and the analysis focused on the language, number, and genres of publications over a three-year period (2014 to 2016). The study revealed a clear contrast regarding the more frequent use of English by researchers in the ‘harder’ sciences and the preference for Portuguese by those in the ‘softer’ sciences. The results also suggested an interconnection in which scholars who published the most tended to adopt English. Multiple factors involved in the genre and language choices made by academics were analysed, such as characteristics of the work produced by each disciplinary community, the audience of the research, the type of language used, and the need to obtain research funding. This investigation can potentially inform policies and investments in Brazilian higher education and research to provide continued support specific to the needs of different disciplinary communities, as well as foster the inclusion of multilingual scholars who do not have English as their first language in the global arena of knowledge production and dissemination.
Lexical selection in bilingual language production
Authors: Hald Lea A. , Nicol Janet L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The goal of this study is to examine whether bilingual speakers can inhibit one language while naming pictures in
the other. In two picture-word interference task experiments, Spanish-English and English-Spanish bilinguals named pictures in
Spanish. We used language-neutral (nonword) interfering stimuli to probe the phonological activation of the nontarget language
(English). Three different interfering stimulus conditions were presented: nonwords phonologically related to the Spanish picture
name (Phono-Spanish), nonwords phonologically related to the English picture name
(Phono-English) and phonologically unrelated nonwords (Unrelated). When participants named
pictures in Spanish (Experiment 1), facilitation was found for both groups in the Phono-Spanish condition. No interference was
found in the Phono-English condition for either group. From this result and the results of a control experiment in which
participants named pictures in English (Experiment 2), we argue that under some circumstances, bilinguals are able to effectively
inhibit the nontarget language during language production.
Rebuilding hegemony: passive revolution, state transformation and South Africa’s steel sector
Authors: Reboredo Ricardo 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper draws on Gramscian concepts to analyse the ongoing transformation of the South African state. In particular, it conceptualises the Jacob Zuma administration’s attempt to establish a developmental state as an ongoing passive revolution. The paper argues that the implementation of the developmental state framework has transformed the role and character of the state apparatus. Three major transformations are detailed: a shift towards what ostensibly appears to be state capitalism; the increased leveraging/privileging of inbound global South-based capital; and the construction of novel intra-state alliances. The theoretical insights are then grounded through an examination of South Africa’s steel sector.
Debt, distress, dispossession: towards a critical political economy of Africa’s financial dependency
Authors: Zajontz Tim 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY
With China's rise to become Africa's largest bilateral creditor, much research has focused on an evidence-based critique of the politicised narrative about China's supposed ‘debt trap diplomacy'. At a more fundamental level, this debate problematises the function of debt and related power differentials in late capitalism and calls into question development paradigms, notably the hegemonic infrastructure-led development regime, that have sustained Africa's financial dependency into the 2020s. As the International Monetary Fund is yet again shuttling between Addis Ababa, Lusaka, and Nairobi to resurrect fiscal discipline and to ensure debtor compliance for the post-pandemic ‘payback period', it is argued that (i) periodic cycles of debt financing, debt distress and structural adjustment are a systemic feature of the malintegration of Africa into the global capitalist economy, and (ii) critical research on the social costs and economic beneficiaries of renewed rounds of austerity and privatisation in Africa’s current debt cycle is needed.
Integration of ZnO nanorods with MOS capacitor for self-powered force sensors and nanogenerators
Authors: Geng Yulin , Bin Che Mahzan Muhammad Ammar , Jeronimo Karina , Saleem Muhammad Mubasher , Lomax Peter , Mastropaolo Enrico , Cheung Rebecca 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this work, we present a novel force-sensing device with zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) integrated with a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor and encapsulated with Kapton tape. The details of the fabrication process and working principle of the integrated ZnO NRs-MOS capacitor as a force sensor and nanogenerator have been discussed. The fabricated ZnO-MOS device is tested for both the open-circuit and resistor-connected mode. For an input force in the range of 1–32 N, the open-circuit output voltage of the device is measured to be in the range of 60–100 mV for different device configurations. In the resistor-connected mode, the maximum output power of 0.6 pW is obtained with a 1 MΩ external resistor and input force of 8 N. In addition, the influence of different seed layers (Ag and ZnO) and the patterning geometry of the ZnO nanorods on the output voltage of ZnO-MOS device have been investigated by experiments. An equivalent circuit model of the device has been developed to study the influence of the geometry of ZnO NRs and Kapton tape on the ZnO-MOS device voltage output. This study could be an example of integrating piezoelectric nanomaterials on traditional electronic devices and could inspire novel designs and fabrication methods for nanoscale self-powered force sensors and nanogenerators.
Modified Grover operator for quantum amplitude estimation
Authors: Uno Shumpei , Suzuki Yohichi , Hisanaga Keigo , Raymond Rudy , Tanaka Tomoki , Onodera Tamiya , Yamamoto Naoki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a quantum amplitude estimation method that uses a modified Grover operator and quadratically improves the estimation accuracy in the ideal case, as in the conventional one using the standard Grover operator. Under the depolarizing noise, the proposed method can outperform the conventional one in the sense that it can in principle achieve the ultimate estimation accuracy characterized by the quantum Fisher information in the limit of a large number of qubits, while the conventional one cannot achieve the same value of ultimate accuracy. In general this superiority requires a sophisticated adaptive measurement, but we numerically demonstrate that the proposed method can outperform the conventional one and approach to the ultimate accuracy, even with a simple non-adaptive measurement strategy.