bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents encouraging healthy lifestyles through a peer‐led social marketing intervention: Training and key competencies learned by peer leaders
Authors: Llauradó Elisabet , Aceves‐Martins Magaly , Prades‐Tena Jordi , Besora‐Moreno Maria , Papell‐Garcia Ignasi , Giralt Montse , Davies Amy , Tarro Lucia , Solà Rosa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents who participate as peer leaders can benefit and acquire competencies from their peer leadership experience.ObjectivesTo identify the competencies gained by adolescents who participated as peer leaders in a healthy lifestyle study and to determine whether the training characteristics were related to improvement in competencies.DesignThe present study was part of the European Youth Tackling Obesity (EYTO) project, a multicentre social marketing intervention involving four European countries.Setting and ParticipantsEighteen peer leaders (aged 13–15 years, three or five leaders per country) from disadvantaged neighbourhoods received training in designing and implementing activities for their peers.MeasuresThe peer leaders' confidence, experience and interest in 11 tasks related to lifelong learning competencies were assessed with questions rated on a colour scale at baseline and at the end of the study.ResultsThe peer leaders demonstrated improvements in experience, confidence and interest in different tasks, such as research, website or logo design, oral presentations, social media use and collaboration with people from other countries. They increased their confidence in management tasks (p = 0.03) and their confidence and experience in communication tasks (p = 0.01). The peer leaders from Spain and Portugal had greater improvements than those from the other countries.ConclusionThe peer leaders improved their confidence in management tasks and their confidence and experience in communication tasks. Slight differences were detected in improvement in competencies by country, likely due to the differences in the peer training applied. Recommendations for peer leader training are proposed, although these results should be verified with larger sample size.Patient or Public ContributionThe peer leaders contributed to the design and implementation of the training and intervention.
Artificial intelligence for histological subtype classification of breast cancer: combining multi‐scale feature maps and the recurrent attention model
Authors: Li Junjie , Mi Weiming , Guo Yucheng , Ren Xinyu , Fu Hao , Zhang Tao , Zou Hao , Liang Zhiyong 
Published: December 2021

AimsThe aim of this study was to apply a two‐stage deep model combining multi‐scale feature maps and the recurrent attention model (RAM) to assist with the pathological diagnosis of breast cancer histological subtypes by the use of whole slide images (WSIs).Methods and resultsIn this article, we propose an integrated framework combining multi‐scale feature maps from Inception V3 and the recurrent attention model to classify the six histological subtypes of breast cancer. This model was trained with 194 WSIs, and on 63 validation WSIs the model achieved accuracies of 0.9030 for patch‐level classification and 0.8889 for WSI‐level classification. In the testing stage, a total of 65 WSIs were used to achieve an accuracy of 0.8462 without any form of data curation. The t‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding showed that features extracted by the feature network of the RAM from WSIs of the same category can cluster together after training, and the visualization of decision steps showed that the decision‐making glimpses are focused on the middle tumour area of an example from test WSIs. Finally, the false classification patches indicated that the morphological similarities between tumour tissues of different subtypes or non‐tumour tissues and tumour tissues in patches might contribute to misclassification.ConclusionsThis model can imitate the diagnostic process of pathologists, pay attention to a series of local features on the pathology image, and summarize related information, in order to accurately classify breast cancer into its histological subtypes, which is important for treatment and prognosis.
Occupational stress, dyadic adjustment and quality of work‐life in married nurses: Moderating effects of dyadic coping
Authors: Fallahchai Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate whether stress communication and supportive dyadic coping moderate the effects of occupational stress on dyadic adjustment and the quality of work‐life of nurses.BackgroundNurses are at higher risk for occupational stress, work–family conflict, and the challenge of balancing job and family roles. However, in recent studies, the impact of dyadic coping strategies in dealing with work–family stress in those couples has not received adequate attention.DesignThis study was a cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe research sample comprised 591 nurses recruited through announcements in hospitals and health centres in Iran between May 2018 and February 2019. They completed the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale, the Dyadic Coping Inventory, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and the Quality of Nursing Work Life questionnaire. Hierarchical regression was utilized.ResultsResults indicated that there was a negative relationship between occupational stress and dyadic adjustment, and quality of work‐life. Stress communication and supportive dyadic coping moderated the association between occupational stress and dyadic adjustment as well as the quality of work‐life.ConclusionThe current findings suggest that the nurses who use dyadic coping strategies to deal with occupational stress report a higher level of adjustment and quality of work‐life.
Diagnosis and treatment guideline for Chinese medicine on acute trachea‐bronchitis
Authors: Li Jiansheng , Chen Yaolong , Yu Xueqing , Xie Yang , Li Xuanlin ,   Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline for Chinese Medicine on Acute Trachea‐Bronchitis working team, Respiratory Disease Branch of China Association of Chinese Medicine, Respiratory Disease Branch of China Medical Association of Minorities
Published: December 2021

AbstractChinese medicine (CM) has significant clinical effects in the treatment of trachea‐bronchitis. It is of important clinical significance to formulate guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tracheal‐bronchitis based on the characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation. The Respiratory Disease Branch of China Association of Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Disease Branch of China Medical Association of Minorities have organized and established a multidisciplinary working group, based on the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development and the Guideline Development Handbook for Diagnosis and Therapy of Integrative Medicine to develop this guideline. It has been developed through technical links such as clinical problem investigation, evidence collection and evaluation, Delphi method, and expert consensus meetings. Based on the current best evidence, CM intervention costs and expert experience, 25 recommendations were established to standardize the etiology and pathogenesis of tracheal‐bronchitis, syndrome differentiation and treatment, prevention, and care, etc., which can be used by respiratory physicians at all levels of TCM medical institutions.
A method of fabricating computer aided design‐computer aided manufacturing implant‐supported provisional restorations with clear aligner attachments: A technical report
Authors: Liu Yushu , Li Dan , Cao Jia , Liu Shuai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a method of fabricating implant‐supported provisional restorations with orthodontic attachments by digital technique.Clinical considerationPolymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) provisional restorations are usually necessary when dental implants are serving as anchors for orthodontic treatments. For clear aligner treatment, it is possible to setup the teeth virtually and determine the final position of the implants, indicating that the provisional restorations can be also predetermined. However, attachments on PMMA restorations have a higher risk of debonding due to low bond strength. To fabricate provisional restorations with predetermined shape and position and no risk of attachment debonding immediately after implant placement, a digital workflow is introduced in this article.ConclusionsBy combining “pick‐up” technique and prefabricated monolithic PMMA provisional restorations, this technique is recommended for making implant‐supported provisional restorations with integrated orthodontic attachments based on the digitally designed positions of the teeth.Clinical significanceThe present protocol describes a digital workflow of designing and manufacturing implant‐supported PMMA provisional restorations with orthodontic attachments in the predetermined position of implants, which should lead to more reliable and predictable orthodontic treatment outcomes.
Efficacy of amitriptyline in pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Seetharaman Jayendra , Poddar Ujjal , Yachha Surender Kumar , Srivastava Anshu , Sen Sarma Moinak 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAmitriptyline improves symptoms in functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) in adults with variable results in pediatric studies. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of amitriptyline in pediatric FAPD.MethodsIn this open‐label trial, children (≤ 18 years) diagnosed as FAPD based on ROME IV criteria were randomized to amitriptyline or placebo for 12 weeks. Post‐treatment improvement of pain and quality of life (QOL) from the baseline were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe mean age of 149 children (amitriptyline 75, placebo 74) was 11.3 ± 3.5 years (79 boys). There was a significant difference in pain improvement in terms of reduction in scores for intensity (3.4 vs 0.9), frequency (3.6 vs 0.6), duration (3.5 vs 0.9), and QOL (2.3 vs 0.9) between amitriptyline and placebo group (P < 0.001 in all). Responders (> 50% reduction) in pain was seen in 76% in amitriptyline compared with 14.9% in the placebo group (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the use of amitriptyline was the only factor predictive of response (odds ratio 24.1, 95% confidence interval: 9.1–64.6, P < 0.001). Minor adverse events were comparable between the groups (25.3% vs 13.5%, respectively, P = 0.07). Eighty‐nine percent of children (24/27) who had extended treatment duration (6.8 ± 1.8 months) had pain improvement. After discontinuation of amitriptyline, 70% had sustained response over a mean follow up of 15.84 ± 5.6 months.ConclusionsA 3‐month trial of amitriptyline gives sustained relief of pain in two‐thirds of children with FAPD. The safety profile of the drug and its efficacy necessitate more frequent use in the clinical settings.
Genetic polymorphisms are not associated with energy intake 1 year after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass in women
Authors: Novais Patrícia Fatima Sousa , Crisp Alex Harley , Leandro‐Merhi Vania Aparecida , Cintra Renata Maria Galvão , Rasera Irineu , Oliveira Maria Rita Marques de 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the influence of food intake on body weight loss (WL) and the association of gene polymorphisms, 1 year after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.MethodsIn total, 95 obese women (age ranged 20–50 years) in a Brazilian cohort underwent RYGB surgery and completed the study. Anthropometric measurements and food intake were assessed before and 1 year after surgery. Twelve gene polymorphisms (GHRL rs26802; GHSR rs572169; LEP rs7799039; LEPR rs1137101; 5‐HT2C rs3813929; UCP2 rs659366; UCP2 rs660339; UCP3 rs1800849; SH2B1 rs7498665; TAS1R2 rs35874116; TAS1R2 rs9701796; and FTO rs9939609) were determined using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction and a TaqMan assay. The subjects were divided into quartiles regarding percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL). The effect of genetic variants on energy and macronutrient intake was evaluated by simple logistic regression, followed by multiple logistic regression.ResultsSubjects in the first and second quartiles showed a higher initial body mass index. Energy and macronutrient intake before and 1 year after RYGB surgery did not differ between the %EWL quartiles. None of gene polymorphisms investigated showed an association with the estimated energy intake 1 year after surgery.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the estimate energy and food intake did not predict a greater body WL 1 year after RYGB surgery. In addition, the 12 gene polymorphism investigated did not affect the energy intake among female patients.
Demand Shocks for Public Debt in the Eurozone
Authors: LENGYEL ANDRAS , GIULIODORI MASSIMO 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper we use intraday government bond futures price changes around German and Italian Treasury auctions to identify unexpected shifts in the demand for public debt. Estimates show that positive demand shocks lead to large negative movements in Treasury yields. Evidence shows significant spillover effects into Treasury bond, equity, and corporate bond markets of other eurozone countries. We find interesting differences in the effects of demand shocks between the two countries, consistent with the “safe‐haven” status of German bonds versus the “high‐debt” status of Italian Treasuries. Results suggest that these effects are stronger during periods of high financial stress.
Colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor inhibition attenuates microgliosis and myelin loss but exacerbates neurodegeneration in the chronic cuprizone model
Authors: Wies Mancini Victoria S. B. , Di Pietro Anabella A. , de Olmos Soledad , Silva Pinto Pablo , Vence Marianela , Marder Mariel , Igaz Lionel M. , Marcora María S. , Pasquini Juana M. , Correale Jorge D. , Pasquini Laura A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS), especially in its progressive phase, involves early axonal and neuronal damage resulting from a combination of inflammatory mediators, demyelination, and loss of trophic support. During progressive disease stages, a microenvironment is created within the central nervous system (CNS) favoring the arrival and retention of inflammatory cells. Active demyelination and neurodegeneration have also been linked to microglia (MG) and astrocyte (AST)‐activation in early lesions. While reactive MG can damage tissue, exacerbate deleterious effects, and contribute to neurodegeneration, it should be noted that activated MG possess neuroprotective functions as well, including debris phagocytosis and growth factor secretion. The progressive form of MS can be modeled by the prolonged administration to cuprizone (CPZ) in adult mice, as CPZ induces highly reproducible demyelination of different brain regions through oligodendrocyte (OLG) apoptosis, accompanied by MG and AST activation and axonal damage. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate the effects of a reduction in microglial activation through orally administered brain‐penetrant colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF‐1R) inhibitor BLZ945 (BLZ) on neurodegeneration and its correlation with demyelination, astroglial activation, and behavior in a chronic CPZ‐induced demyelination model. Our results show that BLZ treatment successfully reduced the microglial population and myelin loss. However, no correlation was found between myelin preservation and neurodegeneration, as axonal degeneration was more prominent upon BLZ treatment. Concomitantly, BLZ failed to significantly offset CPZ‐induced astroglial activation and behavioral alterations. These results should be taken into account when proposing the modulation of microglial activation in the design of therapies relevant for demyelinating diseases.
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Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15394
Emerging topical drug delivery approaches for the treatment of Atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ghosalkar Shruti , Singh Prabha , Ravikumar Padmini 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing skin inflammation disease that generally affects 20% of children and 1–3% of adults. It is characterized by pruritus, inflammatory skin lesions, and skin barrier defect. The pillar treatment is topical therapies that have shown great adherence and incredible results in alleviating symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors have shown improvement in the symptoms of atopic dermatitis but have certain side effects. There is need to develop new therapies or novel drug delivery approaches which can overcome drawbacks of the conventional formulation and increase the therapeutic efficacy.AimThe scope of this review is to describe the new topical therapies including phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, and nano‐formulations such as nanoemulsion, polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, vesicular system, and micelles.MethodsThe article reviews and discusses the published literature of the topical drug delivery approaches for treatment of Atopic dermatitis.ResultsThe reported literature highlighted the benefits of novel topical formulations exhibiting targeted drug delivery, better penetration, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and overcome systemic side effects.ConclusionLiterature indicated that the new therapies and novel drug delivery approaches found to be the therapeutically more effective in increasing the efficacy of drugs and reducing the side effects in comparison with the conventional treatments for Atopic dermatitis. This has provided a way to modify and develop more such formulations for dermal delivery.
‘The second mother’: How the baby food industry captures science, health professions and civil society in France
Authors: Cossez Emma , Baker Philip , Mialon Mélissa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost babies in France are fed with infant formula and then commercial complementary foods, many of which are ultra‐processed and harmful to health. Internationally, there is opposition by the baby food industry to the introduction of public health policies that would limit the marketing and consumption of such products. Our aim was to identify the key baby food industry actors, describe their history and corporate political activity (CPA) in France. We sourced publicly available information, which we triangulated with data from 10 semi‐structured interviews. Qualitative thematic analysis was undertaken simultaneously to data collection, guided by an existing classification of the CPA of the food industry. The baby food industry in France has shaped the science on infant and young child nutrition and nurtured long‐established relationships with health professionals. This corporate science and these relationships helped baby food companies to portray themselves as experts on child‐related topics. The baby food industry has also engaged with a broad range of civil society organisations, particularly through the concept of the first 1000 days of life, and during the covid‐19 pandemic. We found evidence, although limited, that the baby food industry directly lobbied the French government. Since its early development in France in the 19th century, the baby food industry used its CPA to promote its products and protect and sustain its market. Our findings can be used to recognise, anticipate and address the CPA of this industry, and to minimise any negative influence it may have on babies' and mother's health.
SlFHY3 and SlHY5 act compliantly to enhance cold tolerance through the integration of myo‐inositol and light signaling in tomato
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Xiujie , Zhang Ying , Yan Jiarong , Ahammed Golam Jalal , Bu Xin , Sun Xin , Liu Yufeng , Xu Tao , Qi Hongyan , Qi Mingfang , Li Tianlai 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Plants have evolved sophisticated regulatory networks to cope with dynamically changing light and temperature environments during day–night and seasonal cycles. However, the integration mechanisms of light and low temperature remain largely unclear.

Here, we show that low red : far‐red ratio (LR : FR) induces FAR‐RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (SlFHY3) transcription under cold stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Reverse genetic approaches revealed that knocking out SlFHY3 decreases myo‐inositol accumulation and increases cold susceptibility, whereas overexpressing SlFHY3 induces myo‐inositol accumulation and enhances cold tolerance in tomato plants.

SlFHY3 physically interacts with ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (SlHY5) to promote the transcriptional activity of SlHY5 on MYO‐INOSITOL‐1‐PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 3 (SlMIPS3) and induce myo‐inositol accumulation in tomato plants under cold stress. Disruption of SlHY5 and SlMIPS3 largely suppresses the cold tolerance of SlFHY3‐overexpressing plants and myo‐inositol accumulation in tomato. Furthermore, silencing of SlMIPS3 drastically reduces myo‐inositol accumulation and compromises LR : FR‐induced cold tolerance in tomato.

Together, our results reveal a crucial role of SlFHY3 in LR : FR‐induced cold tolerance in tomato and unravel a novel regulatory mechanism whereby plants integrate dynamic environmental light signals and internal cues (inositol biosynthesis) to induce and control cold tolerance in tomato plants.
Failed Primary Surgery in Congenital Scoliosis Caused by a Single Hemivertebra: Reasons and Revision Strategies
Authors: Shi Ben‐long , Li Yang , Zhu Ze‐zhang , Liu Wan‐you , Liu Zhen , Sun Xu , Liu Dun , Qiu Yong 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the factors causing failure of primary surgery in congenital scoliosis (CS) patients with single hemivertebra (SHV) undergoing posterior spinal fusion, and to elucidate the revision strategies.MethodsIn this retrospective study, a total of 32 CS patients secondary to SHV undergoing revision surgery from April 2010 to December 2017 due to failed primary surgery with more than 2 years follow‐up were reviewed. The reasons for failure of primary surgery and revision strategies were analyzed for each patient. The radiographic parameters including coronal Cobb angle, segmental kyphosis (SK), coronal balance (CB), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were compared between pre‐ and post‐revision. The complications during revision and follow‐up were recorded.ResultsThe mean age at revision surgery of the 32 CS patients was 15.8 ± 9.7 years and the average duration between primary and revision surgery was 31.0 ± 35.4 months. The reasons for failed primary surgery were severe post‐operative curve progression of focal scoliosis in 14 cases (43.8%), implant failure in 17 (53.1%) and trunk imbalance in 12 (37.5%). The candidate revision strategies included thorough resection of residual hemivertebra and adjacent discs, extending fusion levels, complete pseudarthrosis resection, massive bone graft, replacement of broken rods, satellite rod fixation, horizontalization of upper/lower instrumented vertebrae and rigid fusion of structural compensatory curves were performed individually. After revision surgery, the coronal Cobb angle, SK, CB and SVA showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) with no significant correction loss during follow‐up (P > 0.05). The intra‐operative complications included alarming changes of neurologic monitoring in three (9.4%) patients and dual tear in two, while rod fracture re‐occurred was detected in one patient at 18 months after revision.ConclusionsThe common reasons for failed primary surgery in CS patients with SHV undergoing posterior spinal fusion were severe post‐operative curve progression of focal scoliosis, implant failure and trunk imbalance. The revision strategies including thorough resection of residual hemivertebra and adjacent discs, extended fusion levels to structural curvature, complete pseudarthrosis resection, massive bone graft, replacement of broken internal fixation and horizontalization of upper/lower instrumented vertebrae should be individualized based on the causes of failed primary surgery.