bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of menthol use and transitions in use on short-term and long-term cessation from cigarettes among US smokers
Authors: Leas Eric C , Benmarhnia Tarik , Strong David R , Pierce John P 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo estimate the effect of menthol use and transitions in use (switching to or from menthol) on short-term and long-term cessation from cigarette smoking and whether this differed across demographic groups (age, sex, race).MethodsWe compared the probability of 30+ day and 12-month abstinence from cigarette smoking by menthol use status using two cohorts of US adult cigarette smokers who attempted to quit smoking in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (wave 1 to wave 3 and wave 2 to wave 4; n=5759), inverse probability of treatment weighting and adjusted risk ratios (aRRs).ResultsUsing menthol (vs non-menthol) prior to a quit attempt decreased the probability of 30+ day abstinence by 28% (aRR=0.78; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.91) and the probability of 12-month abstinence by 53% (aRR=0.65; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.88). Additionally, switching from menthol (vs maintaining menthol use) increased the probability of 30+ day abstinence by 58% (aRR=1.58; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.50) and the probability of 12-month abstinence by 97% (aRR=1.86; 95% CI 0.92 to 3.74). Switching to menthol (vs maintaining non-menthol use) was associated with a lower probability of 30+ day (aRR=0.70; 95% CI 0.42 to 1.16) and 12-month abstinence (aRR=0.64; 95% CI 0.30 to 1.36), but these associations were imprecise. The effects of menthol use on impaired quitting were slightly larger for non-Hispanic Black smokers, but not different for other demographic groups.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that menthol impaired menthol smokers’ attempts to quit smoking but switching from menthol improved success. This suggests that removing menthol may improve menthol smokers’ success during quit attempts.
Quantum theory of $$k(\phi )$$-FLRW-metrics its connection to Chern-Simons-models and the theta vacuum structure of quantum gravity
Authors: Hristov J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe show how a foliated 4-dimensional FLRW-metric becomes a gravitational instanton, if the spatial metric minimizes a three-dimensional Einstein–Hilbert action with positive cosmological constant, which is equal to the demand, that the scale factor satisfies the Bogomolny-equation, where the curvature parameter varies over the one-parameter family of hyperslices and takes the role of a potential depending on the scale factor. Additionally, we draw the connection to SO(4)-Chern–Simons theory and show how the established interpolating solutions describe the gradient flow between the minima of the vacuums of the Einstein–Hilbert action, as well as how they can be used to calculate tunnelling-amplitudes of gravitons and trivialize the calculations of path integrals in quantum gravity. All the calculations are carried out particularly forkadmitting a$${\mathbb {Z}}_{2}$$Z2-symmetry.
Potential linear and angular momentum in the scalar diquark model
Authors: Amor-Quiroz David Arturo , Burkardt Matthias , Focillon William , Lorcé Cédric 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present an analytic two-loop calculation within the scalar diquark model of the potential linear and angular momenta, defined as the difference between the Jaffe-Manohar and Ji notions of linear and angular momenta. As expected by parity and time-reversal symmetries, a direct calculation confirms that the potential transverse momentum coincides with the Jaffe-Manohar (or canonical) definition of average quark transverse momentum, also known as the quark Sivers shift. We examine whether initial/final-state interactions at the origin of the Sivers asymmetry can also generate a potential angular momentum in the scalar diquark model.
Multi-component generalized mode-coupling theory: predicting dynamics from structure in glassy mixtures
Authors: Ciarella Simone , Luo Chengjie , Debets Vincent E. , Janssen Liesbeth M. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The emergence of glassy dynamics and the glass transition in dense disordered systems is still not fully understood theoretically. Mode-coupling theory (MCT) has shown to be effective in describing some of the non-trivial features of glass formation, but it cannot explain the full glassy phenomenology due to the strong approximations on which it is based. Generalized mode-coupling theory (GMCT) is a hierarchical extension of the theory, which is able to outclass MCT by carefully describing the dynamics of higher-order correlations in its generalized framework. Unfortunately, the theory has so far only been developed for single-component systems and as a result works poorly for highly polydisperse materials. In this paper, we solve this problem by developing GMCT for multi-component systems. We use it to predict the glassy dynamics of the binary Kob–Andersen Lennard-Jones mixture, as well as its purely repulsive Weeks–Chandler–Andersen analogue. Our results show that each additional level of the GMCT hierarchy gradually improves the predictive power of GMCT beyond its previous limit. This implies that our theory is able to harvest more information from the static correlations, thus being able to better understand the role of attraction in supercooled liquids from a first-principles perspective.

Graphic abstract
Hölderlin vanguardista. Desejo de Elfriede Jelinek (1989)
Authors: Degner Uta 
Published: July 2021

Ao longo do romance de Elfriede Jelinek, Desejo, há um amplo uso de citações da poesia de Hölderlin, às vezes pouco perceptível, às vezes grotescamente alterada. Tem havido pouco consenso acadêmico sobre a função dessas citações: alguns encontraram vestígios de uma noção utópica de uma sociedade justa e justa para contrastar com a dura sátira do romance; outros leram Hölderlin como representando o patriarcado au-thorship.
Minha contribuição sugere que Jelinek toma dois dispositivos estilísticos de Hölderlin – a forma gnômica e a ‘harte Fügung’ (harmonia austera) – para integrá-los como princípios principais de seu próprio texto. Ao fazer isso, ela enfatiza Hölderlin como um autor de vanguarda no sentido de Bourdieu: como um autor cujo objetivo é levar a linguagem poética a novos limites. Assim, Jelinek assume a figuração contemporânea de Hölderlin (representada pela edição de D.E. Sattler em Frankfurt); e ao utilizar Hölderlin de forma tão inovadora, ela se posiciona dentro desta tradição vanguardista.
Phenotyping Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Zweck Elric , Thayer Katherine L. , Helgestad Ole K. L. , Kanwar Manreet , Ayouty Mohyee , Garan A. Reshad , Hernandez‐Montfort Jaime , Mahr Claudius , Wencker Detlef , Sinha Shashank S. , Vorovich Esther , Abraham Jacob , O’Neill William , Li Song , Hickey Gavin W. , Josiassen Jakob , Hassager Christian , Jensen Lisette O. , Holmvang Lene , Schmidt Henrik , Ravn Hanne B. , Møller Jacob E. , Burkhoff Daniel , Kapur Navin K. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a heterogeneous syndrome with varied presentations and outcomes. We used a machine learning approach to test the hypothesis that patients with CS have distinct phenotypes at presentation, which are associated with unique clinical profiles and in‐hospital mortality.

Methods and Results
We analyzed data from 1959 patients with CS from 2 international cohorts: CSWG (Cardiogenic Shock Working Group Registry) (myocardial infarction [CSWG‐MI; n=410] and acute‐on‐chronic heart failure [CSWG‐HF; n=480]) and the DRR (Danish Retroshock MI Registry) (n=1069). Clusters of patients with CS were identified in CSWG‐MI using the consensus k means algorithm and subsequently validated in CSWG‐HF and DRR. Patients in each phenotype were further categorized by their Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions staging. The machine learning algorithms revealed 3 distinct clusters in CS: "non‐congested (I)", "cardiorenal (II)," and "cardiometabolic (III)" shock. Among the 3 cohorts (CSWG‐MI versus DDR versus CSWG‐HF), in‐hospital mortality was 21% versus 28% versus 10%, 45% versus 40% versus 32%, and 55% versus 56% versus 52% for clusters I, II, and III, respectively. The "cardiometabolic shock" cluster had the highest risk of developing stage D or E shock as well as in‐hospital mortality among the phenotypes, regardless of cause. Despite baseline differences, each cluster showed reproducible demographic, metabolic, and hemodynamic profiles across the 3 cohorts.

Conclusions
Using machine learning, we identified and validated 3 distinct CS phenotypes, with specific and reproducible associations with mortality. These phenotypes may allow for targeted patient enrollment in clinical trials and foster development of tailored treatment strategies in subsets of patients with CS.
Prognostic Effect of the SYNTAX Score on 10‐Year Outcomes After Left Main Coronary Artery Revascularization in a Randomized Population: Insights From the Extended PRECOMBAT Trial
Authors: Lee Junghoon , Ahn Jung‐Min , Kim Ju Hyeon , Jeong Yeong Jin , Hyun Junho , Yang Yujin , Lee Ji Sung , Park Hanbit , Kang Do‐Yoon , Lee Pil Hyung , Park Duk‐Woo , Park Seung‐Jung ,   on the behalf of the PRECOMBAT Investigators
Published: July 2021

Background
The long‐term prognostic effect of the SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score (SS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) for left main coronary artery disease is controversial.

Methods and Results

In the PRECOMBAT (Premier of Randomized Comparison of Bypass Surgery Versus Angioplasty Using Sirolimus‐Eluting Stent in Patients With Left Main Coronary Artery Disease) trial, 600 patients with left main coronary artery disease were randomized to undergo PCI with drug‐eluting stents (n=300) or CABG (n=300). We compared 10‐year outcomes after PCI and CABG according to SS categories and evaluated the predictive value of SS in each revascularization arm. The primary outcome was a major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event (composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or ischemia‐driven target‐vessel revascularization) at 10 years. Among 566 patients with valid SS measurement at baseline, 240 (42.4%) had low SS, 200 (35.3%) had intermediate SS, and 126 (22.3%) had high SS. The 10‐year rates of major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events were not significantly different between PCI and CABG in low (21.6% versus 22.2%,
P
=0.97), intermediate (31.8% versus 22.2%;
P
=0.13), and high SS (46.2% versus 35.7%;
P
=0.31) (
P
‐for‐interaction=0.46). There were no significant interactions between SS categories and revascularization modalities for death (
P
=0.92); composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (
P
=0.87); and target‐vessel revascularization (
P
=0.06). Higher SS categories were associated with higher risks for major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events in the PCI arm but not in the CABG arm.

Conclusions
Ten‐year clinical outcomes between PCI and CABG were not significantly different according to the SS. The SS was predictive of major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events after PCI but not after CABG.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03871127.
Endothelial Dysfunction is Associated With Early‐Onset Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke in Men and With Increasing Age
Authors: Martinez‐Majander Nicolas , Gordin Daniel , Joutsi‐Korhonen Lotta , Salopuro Titta , Adeshara Krishna , Sibolt Gerli , Curtze Sami , Pirinen Jani , Liebkind Ron , Soinne Lauri , Sairanen Tiina , Sinisalo Juha , Lehto Mika , Groop Per‐Henrik , Tatlisumak Turgut , Putaala Jukka 
Published: July 2021

Background
The aim of this study was to assess the association between endothelial function and early‐onset cryptogenic ischemic stroke (CIS), with subgroup analyses stratified by sex and age groups.

Methods and Results
We prospectively enrolled 136 consecutive patients aged 18 to 49 years (median age, 41 years; 44% women) with a recent CIS and 136 age‐ and sex‐matched (±5 years) stroke‐free controls. Endothelial function was measured with an EndoPAT 2000 device and analyzed as tertiles of natural logarithm of reactive hyperemia index with lower values reflecting dysfunction. We used conditional logistic regression adjusting for age, education, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, current smoking, heavy drinking, obesity, and diet score to assess the independent association between endothelial function and CIS. Patients in the lowest tertile of natural logarithm of reactive hyperemia index were more often men and they more frequently had a history of dyslipidemia; they were also more often obese, had a lower diet score, and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. In the entire cohort, we found no association in patients with endothelial function and CIS compared with stroke‐free controls. In sex‐ and age‐specific analyses, endothelial dysfunction was associated with CIS in men (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.50 for lowest versus highest natural logarithm of reactive hyperemia index tertile; 95% CI, 1.22–10.07) and in patients ≥41 years (OR, 5.78; 95% CI, 1.52–21.95). These associations remained significant when dyslipidemia was replaced with the ratio of total to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Conclusions
Endothelial dysfunction appears to be an independent player in early‐onset CIS in men and patients approaching middle age.
Nonproductive Splicing Prevents Expression of MYH7b Protein in the Mammalian Heart
Authors: Lee Lindsey A. , Broadwell Lindsey J. , Buvoli Massimo , Leinwand Leslie A. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Although the roles of alpha‐myosin heavy chain (α‐MyHC) and beta‐myosin heavy chain (β‐MyHC) proteins in cardiac contractility have long been appreciated, the biological contribution of another closely related sarcomeric myosin family member, MYH7b (myosin heavy chain 7b), has become a matter of debate. In mammals, MYH7b mRNA is transcribed but undergoes non‐productive alternative splicing that prevents protein expression in a tissue‐specific manner, including in the heart. However, several studies have recently linked MYH7b variants to different cardiomyopathies or have reported MYH7b protein expression in mammalian hearts.

Methods and Results
By analyzing mammalian cardiac transcriptome and proteome data, we show that the vast majority of MYH7b RNA is subject to exon skipping and cannot be translated into a functional myosin molecule. Notably, we discovered a lag in the removal of introns flanking the alternatively spliced exon, which could retain the non‐coding RNA in the nucleus. This process could play a significant role in controlling MYH7b expression as well as the activity of other cardiac genes. Consistent with the negligible level of full‐length protein coding mRNA, no MYH7b protein expression was detected in adult mouse, rat, and human hearts by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, proteome surveys including quantitative mass spectrometry analyses revealed only traces of cardiac MYH7b protein and even then, only in a subset of individual samples.

Conclusions
The comprehensive analysis presented here suggests that previous studies showing cardiac MYH7b protein expression were likely attributable to antibody cross‐reactivity. More importantly, our data predict that the MYH7b disease‐associated variants may operate through the alternately spliced RNA itself.
ʿAnqāʾ Mughrib: The Poetics of a Mythical Creature
Authors: Ron-Gilboa Guy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In early Arabic literature, ʿAnqāʾ Mughrib is the name of the quintessential mythical bird. The ʿAnqāʾ appears in a myriad of medieval sources of different genres: poetical, narrative, proverbial, scientific, philosophical, and mystical. This paper draws attention to the multiple ways in which this bird was represented and the functions it fulfilled in different literary contexts. It explores the intricate web of quotations, allusions, and literary innovations that facilitated its multifarious uses and re-uses. I explore the various manifestations of the ʿAnqāʾ to demonstrate the different and at times contradictory meanings ascribed to it and its diverse literary functions: as a creature of speculative zoology; as metaphor of scarcity or non-existence; as a metaphor of God; as a marker of fictionality; and more.
A new moss species from northwestern China: Bryum glacierum (Bryaceae)
Authors: LIU YONG-YING , QUAN YU-PING , WU YU-HUAN 
Published: July 2021

The form of the gemmae appears to be constant within Bryum species, and it is an important character for distinguishing among closely related species. In this study, we describe a new species of Bryum, B. glacierum Y.Y. Liu & Y.H. Wu, that was collected from Tianshan Mountain in China along with a description of its gemmae. This species is distinguished morphologically by (1) gemmiforfm to julaceous shoots; (2) broadly ovate leaves, strongly concave, with obtuse to acuminate apex, plane and undifferentiated leaf margins, rhombic to rhomboidal distal and medial cells; and (3) dark red-brown, obconic or ovate bulbils with peg-like leaf primordia, densely clustered in the leaf axils of sterile shoots. The new moss species is currently known from two localities in northwestern China. The species seems to prefer high altitudes, growing as a pioneer mainly on ground exposed by retreating glaciers. The principal distinctive characters that separate Bryum glacierum from similar species of Bryum and Pohlia are discussed. An identification key for bulbiferous species of Bryum in China is provided.
Open Innovation and the Case for Community Model Development
Authors: Jacobs Neil A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite having the largest associated research community and a rapidly growing private sector, the lack of a well-coordinated national research and development effort for U.S. numerical weather prediction continues to impede our ability to utilize more of the scientific and technical capacity of the nation more efficiently. Over the last few years, considerable progress has been made toward developing a community-friendly Unified Forecast System (UFS) by embracing an open innovation approach that is mutually beneficial to the public, private, and academic sectors. Once fully implemented, the UFS has the potential to catalyze a significant increase in the efficacy of our nation’s weather, water, and climate science and prediction.
Examination of Optical Processes in The Atmosphere During Upper Air Soundings
Authors: Kochin A.V , Zagumennov F.A , Fomenko V.L 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImproving the quality of weather forecasts and the reliability of climate research requires increasing the reliability of measurements. This paper presents results for optical sensors attached to radiosondes. These sensors can measure cloud-top height (CTH) with high accuracy, determine the presence of precipitation particles in clouds and the height of the boundary between the tropospheric and stratospheric air masses. These research findings are especially important in the Arctic, where the reliability of cloud data is poor, especially during polar nights. With the help of a visible range optical sensor, during the daytime, it is possible to measure CTH with an accuracy of 50 meters. Using data from an IR sensor it is possible to measure CTH both day and night. The paper also discusses the possibility of using optical sensors in an observational network. The results from this study could be useful for both weather forecasting and climate research.
Multimorbidity and Social Participation Is Moderated by Purpose in Life and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Luster Jamie E. , Ratz David , Wei Melissa Y. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives We examined the association between multimorbidity and social participation and whether purpose in life and life satisfaction moderate this relationship. Methods Participants were 12,825 Health and Retirement Study adults. We used multiple linear regression to examine the association between a cumulative-updated multimorbidity-weighted index (MWI) and social participation. Results Among adults with average purpose in life or life satisfaction, MWI was associated with lower social participation. For those with above average purpose in life, each 1-point increase in MWI was associated with a 0.11-point (95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.07, 0.14]) better social participation score. Participants with above average life satisfaction experienced a 0.04-point (95% CI: [0.02, 0.07]) better social participation score with each 1-point increase in MWI. Discussion Multimorbidity was associated with worse social participation, but this was reversed by above average purpose in life and life satisfaction. Interventions that improve well-being should be assessed to enhance social participation among older adults with any degree of multimorbidity.
Characterization of vibration and noise pollution of SI engine fueled with magnetized ethanol–gasoline blends by time–frequency methods
Authors: Faraji Hosna , Heidarbeigi Kobra , Samadi Sadegh 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of magnetized ethanol–gasoline fuel blends on the vibration and sound status of a single-cylinder gasoline engine. Totally 36 tests were conducted including two factors: ethanol (blended by gasoline with share of 0, 5, 10, and 20%) and magnetic field intensity (0, 5300, and 7000 G) at three replications as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design. The sound signals of the engine at 10 cm distance from the driver’s ear were recorded and its engine vibration was measured in Z direction. The results of statistical analysis of vibration and sound data showed significant effects of both factors on the vibration and sound signals. The maximum sound pressure level with averages of 88.41 belonged to pure gasoline and magnetic intensity of 7000 G and minimum value (78.94 dB) belonged to 10% ethanol in the blended fuel and magnetic intensity of 5300 G. The driver can operate the engine for 10–20% ethanol shares with all studied magnetic intensities without use of any ear protector. In the presence of magnetic field, vibration decreased by increasing ethanol up to 10%. The maximum amount of vibration in frequency domain obtained without using magnetic field. For 5300 G magnetic intensity, the least amount of vibration was observed for all frequencies.