bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypotonia–cystinuria 2p21 deletion syndrome: Intrafamilial variability of clinical expression
Authors: Towheed Atif , Hietanen Christian L. , Kamath Vasudeva G. , Singh Larry N. , Ho Angela , Engelstad Kristin , Cornett Kayla , Montes Jacqueline , De Vivo Darryl 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo siblings presented similarly with congenital hypotonia, lactic acidosis, and failure to thrive. Later in childhood, the brother developed cystinuria and nephrolithiasis whereas the older sister suffered from cystinuria and chronic neurobehavioral disturbances. Biopsied muscle studies demonstrated deficient cytochrome c oxidase activities consistent with a mitochondrial disease. Whole exome sequencing (WES), however, revealed a homozygous 2p21 deletion involving two contiquous genes, SLC3A1 (deletion of exons 2‐10) and PREPL (deletion of exons 2‐14). The molecular findings were consistent with the hypotonia–cystinuria 2p21 deletion syndrome, presenting similarly in infancy with mitochondrial dysfunction but diverging later in childhood and displaying intrafamilial phenotypic variability.
Acceptability of Vaccines Against Preventable Infections Including Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Patients With Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Tedeschi Sara K. , Ellrodt Jack , Stratton Jacklyn , Santacroce Leah , Chandler Paulette D. , Gravallese Ellen M. , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveVaccination against preventable infections is widely recommended for patients with systemic rheumatic disease. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has highlighted variability in attitudes toward vaccination, particularly with the use of novel vaccine platforms. We studied attitudes toward vaccination against COVID‐19 and other preventable infections among patients with systemic rheumatic disease and compared these against the general population.MethodsWe surveyed patients treated at Brigham and Women’s Hospital for systemic rheumatic disease using a secure web‐based survey or paper survey in English or Spanish, from December 2020 to April 2021. We included survey questions used in the nationwide Harris Poll (October 2020 and February 2021), allowing the comparison of responses with those from the general population. Response frequencies were estimated and compared using descriptive statistics.ResultsOf 243 participants (25% response rate), the mean age was 56 years, 82% were women, and 33% were nonwhite. Rheumatoid arthritis (50%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (28%) were the most common diagnoses. Thirty percent had been hospitalized previously for any infection. Seventy‐six percent worried a lot or somewhat about contracting COVID‐19. Attitudes toward vaccination were very favorable, with 92% having received a flu shot in the past year and 84% desiring a COVID‐19 vaccine as soon as possible compared with 30% to 40% of Harris Poll respondents (P < 0.001). Physician recommendation to receive a vaccine and desire to avoid infection were the most common reasons for desiring vaccinations.ConclusionVaccine acceptability, including toward COVID‐19 vaccines, was high among this population of patients with systemic rheumatic disease seen at an academic medical center cohort. Physician recommendation is a key factor for vaccine uptake.
Polymeric Toroidal Self‐Assemblies: Diverse Formation Mechanisms and Functions
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Gao Liang , Cai Chunhua , Lin Jiaping , Wang Liquan , Tian Xiaohui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, toroidal nanostructures have become an appealing topic in nanoscience owing to their unique structure and promising applications. Among them, polymeric toroidal self‐assemblies have attracted considerable attention because of their manipulability and diversity. Despite the substantial advances in the area of polymeric nanotoroids, the universal formation principles and functions of these toroids have not been sufficiently summarized. This article aims to review recent advances in the formation and function of polymeric nanotoroids. The significant role of theoretical simulations in revealing the formation mechanism and inherent structure of toroidal assemblies is emphasized. Additionally, a perspective on the challenges of this research field is addressed.
Nonmonotonic Coupled Dissolution‐Precipitation Reactions at the Mineral–Water Interface
Authors: Rao Ashit , Ayirala Subhash C. , Alotaibi Mohammed B. , Duits Michel H. G. , Yousef A. A. , Mugele Frieder 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDissolution is inherent to fluid‐mineral systems. Yet its impact on minerals reacting with electrolytes is overlooked. Here, a novel nonmonotonic behavior for the surface interactions of carbonates (calcite and Mg‐calcite) with organic acids is reported. Applying a bioinspired approach, Mg‐calcite sensors via amorphous precursors, avoiding any preconditioning with functional groups are synthesized. A quartz crystal microbalance is used to study the mass changes of the mineral on contact with organic acids under varying ionic conditions, temperatures, and flow velocities. Supported by confocal Raman microscopy and potentiometric titrations, nonmonotonous mass developments are found as a function of Ca2+concentration and flowrate, and attributed to three coupled chemical reactions: i) carbonate dissolution via Ca2+ion complexation with organic molecules, and the formation of organo‐calcium compounds as ii) a surface phase at the mineral–water interface, and iii) particles in the bulk fluid. These processes depend on local ion contents and the precipitation onset (i.e., saturation index) of organo‐calcium salts, both of which substantially differ in the bulk fluid and in the fluid boundary layer at mineral interfaces. This continuum between dissolution and precipitation provides a conceptual framework to address reactions at mineral interfacial across disciplines including biomineralization, ocean acidification and reservoir geochemistry.
Disintegrable n‐Type Electroactive Terpolymers for High‐Performance, Transient Organic Electronics
Authors: Park Hyeonjung , Kim Youngkwon , Kim Donguk , Lee Seungjin , Kim Felix Sunjoo , Kim Bumjoon J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDegradable organic semiconductors have significant potential for transient and biomedical organic electronics, but there have been only a few studies on fully degradable conjugated polymers (CPs) that achieve high electrical performance. In addition, these examples are limited to p‐type CPs. In this study, a series of fully degradable n‐type CPs, naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐based terpolymer (PNDIT2/IM‐f) are developed. The incorporation of an imine linker (IM) into the CP backbone affords the capability of facile hydrolysis degradation while maintaining efficient π‐conjugations and excellent electrical properties. An additional benefit of this molecular design is the systematic tunability of the degradation characteristics and electrical performance depending on the IM content (fIM). At the optimal point (fIM = 0.45) that enables complete degradation of the polymer under acidic conditions, the resulting PNDIT2/IM‐0.45 film exhibits high electron mobility (μe) of 0.04 cm2 V−1 s−1 in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), demonstrating excellent potential as transient OFETs. The high μe value is mainly attributed to the enlarged edge‐on orientations and tighter stacking of PNDIT2/IM‐f crystallites as increasing fIM. Thus, this study provides useful guidelines for the design of fully degradable n‐type CPs and establishes an important correlation between the molecular structure−electronic performance−transient properties.
Digital Assembly of Spherical Viscoelastic Bio‐Ink Particles
Authors: Zhu Jinchang , He Yi , Kong Linlin , He Zhijian , Kang Kaylen Y. , Grady Shannon P. , Nguyen Leander Q. , Chen Dong , Wang Yong , Oberholzer Jose , Cai Li‐Heng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract3D bioprinting additively assembles bio‐inks to manufacture tissue‐mimicking biological constructs, but with the typical building blocks limited to 1D filaments. Here, it is developed a voxelated bioprinting technique for the digital assembly of spherical particles (DASP), which are effectively 0D voxels—the basic unit of 3D structures. It is shown that DASP enables on‐demand generation, deposition, and assembly of viscoelastic bio‐ink droplets. A two‐parameter diagram is developed to outline the viscoelasticity of bio‐inks required for printing spherical particles of good fidelity. Moreover, a strategy is developed for engineering bio‐inks with independently controllable viscoelasticity and mesh size, two of the most important yet intrinsically coupled physical properties of biomaterials. Using DASP, mechanically robust, multiscale porous scaffolds composed of interconnected yet distinguishable hydrogel particles are created. Finally, it is demonstrated the application of the scaffolds in encapsulating human pancreatic islets for sustained responsive insulin release. Together with the knowledge of bio‐ink design, DASP might be used to engineer highly heterogeneous, yet tightly organized tissue constructs for therapeutic applications.
Cycloruthenated Self‐Assembly with Metabolic Inhibition to Efficiently Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancers
Authors: Li Jia , Zeng Leli , Wang Zheng , Chen Hengxing , Fang Shuo , Wang Jinquan , Cai Chao‐Yun , Xing Enming , Liao Xinxing , Li Zhi‐Wei , Ashby Charles R. , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Chao Hui , Pan Yihang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and the evaluation of the efficacy of a cycloruthenated complex, RuZ, is reported, to overcome multi‐drug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. RuZ can self‐assemble into nanoaggregates in the cell culture medium, resulting in a high intracellular concentration of RuZ in MDR cancer cells. The self‐assembly significantly decreases oxygen consumption and inhibits glycolysis, which decreases cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. The decrease in ATP levels and its low affinity for the ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters (which mediate MDR) significantly increase the retention of RuZ by MDR cancer cells. Furthermore, RuZ increases cellular oxidative stress, inducing DNA damage, and, in combination with the aforementioned effects of RuZ, increases the apoptosis of cancer cells. Proteomic profiling analysis suggests that the RuZ primarily decreases the expression of proteins that mediate glycolysis and aerobic mitochondrial respiration and increases the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis. RuZ inhibits the proliferation of 35 cancer cell lines, of which 7 cell lines are resistant to clinical drugs. It is also active in doxorubicin‐resistant MDA‐MB‐231/Adr mouse tumor xenografts. To the best of our knowledge, the results are the first to show that self‐assembled cycloruthenated complexes are efficacious in inhibiting the growth of MDR cancer cells.
Emissive Charge‐Transfer States at Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Heterojunctions Enable Low Non‐Radiative Recombination and High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Eisner Flurin , Foot Georgie , Yan Jun , Azzouzi Mohammed , Georgiadou Dimitra G. , Sit Wai Yu , Firdaus Yuliar , Zhang Guichuan , Lin Yen‐Hung , Yip Hin‐Lap , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Nelson Jenny 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHybrid devices based on a heterojunction between inorganic and organic semiconductors have offered a means to combine the advantages of both classes of materials in optoelectronic devices, but, in practice, the performance of such devices has often been disappointing. Here, it is demonstrated that charge generation in hybrid inorganic–organic heterojunctions consisting of copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) and a variety of molecular acceptors (ITIC, IT‐4F, Y6, PC70BM, C70, C60) proceeds via emissive charge‐transfer (CT) states analogous to those found at all‐organic heterojunctions. Importantly, contrary to what has been observed at previous organic–inorganic heterojunctions, the dissociation of the CT‐exciton and subsequent charge separation is efficient, allowing the fabrication of planar photovoltaic devices with very low non‐radiative voltage losses (0.21 ±  0.02 V). It is shown that such low non‐radiative recombination enables the fabrication of simple and cost‐effective near‐IR (NIR) detectors with extremely low dark current (4 pA cm−2) and noise spectral density (3 fA Hz−1/2) at no external bias, leading to specific detectivities at NIR wavelengths of just under 1013 Jones, close to the performance of commercial silicon photodetectors. It is believed that this work demonstrates the possibility for hybrid heterojunctions to exploit the unique properties of both inorganic and organic semiconductors for high‐performance opto‐electronic devices.
Crystal Phase Transition Creates a Highly Active and Stable RuCX Nanosurface for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Kim Jeonghyeon , Kim Hee Jin , Ruqia Bibi , Kim Mi Ji , Jang Yeong‐Ji , Jo Tae Hwan , Baik Hionsuck , Oh Hyung‐Suk , Chung Hee‐Suk , Baek Kangkyun , Noh Siwoo , Jung Moonjung , Kim Ki‐jeong , Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Youn Young‐Sang , Choi Sang‐Il 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough metastable crystal structures have received much attention owing to their utilization in various fields, their phase‐transition to a thermodynamic structure has attracted comparably little interest. In the case of nanoscale crystals, such an exothermic phase‐transition releases high energy within a confined surface area and reconstructs surface atomic arrangement in a short time. Thus, this high‐energy nanosurface may create novel crystal structures when some elements are supplied. In this work, the creation of a ruthenium carbide (RuCX, X < 1) phase on the surface of the Ru nanocrystal is discovered during phase‐transition from cubic‐close‐packed to hexagonal‐close‐packed structure. When the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is tested in alkaline media, the RuCX exhibits a much lower overpotential and good stability relative to the counterpart Ru‐based catalysts and the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalyst. Density functional theory calculations predict that the local heterogeneity of the outermost RuCX surface promotes the bifunctional HER mechanism by providing catalytic sites for both H adsorption and facile water dissociation.
Conversion‐Type Nonmetal Elemental Tellurium Anode with High Utilization for Mild/Alkaline Zinc Batteries
Authors: Chen Ze , Li Chuan , Yang Qi , Wang Donghong , Li Xinliang , Huang Zhaodong , Liang Guojin , Chen Ao , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZinc ion batteries (ZIBs), generally established on an excessive metallic Zn anode and aqueous electrolytes, suffer from severe dendrites and gassing issues at Zn side, resulting in poor cycling life. Substituting Zn metal anode with non‐Zn ones is a promising strategy for solving these problems, whereas this is still restricted by the limited anode alternatives. Herein, by replacing metal Zn with chalcogen element tellurium (Te), a conversion‐type Te‐based ZIB is reported that can work in both mild and alkaline electrolytes. As expected, the as‐assembled mild Te/MnO2 and alkaline Te/Ni(OH)2 cells deliver remarkable capacities up to 106 and 161 mAh g−1anode+cathode, respectively, with a high utilization of anode (50.1% for the Te/MnO2 and 38.9% for the Te/Ni(OH)2), which surpass all ZIBs. Ultralong cycling life (over 75% capacity retention after 5000 cycles) is achieved in the two systems, benefiting from the stable conversion mechanisms (mild: Te to ZnTe2 to ZnTe; alkaline: ZnTe to Te to TeO2) with thoroughly eliminated dendrites and gassing. Moreover, high gravimetric energy density of ZIBs is also achieved, which are 176.3 Wh kg−1anode+cathdoe (Te/Ni(OH)2) and 81 Wh Kg−1anode+cathode (Te/MnO2), respectively. This work sheds light on the development of advanced conversion‐type anode for high‐performance batteries with superior stability.
Liquid‐Metal‐Enabled Mechanical‐Energy‐Induced CO2 Conversion
Authors: Tang Junma , Tang Jianbo , Mayyas Mohannad , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Sun Jing , Rahim Md Arifur , Yang Jiong , Han Jialuo , Lawes Douglas J. , Jalili Rouhollah , Daeneke Torben , Saborio Maricruz G. , Cao Zhenbang , Echeverria Claudia A. , Allioux Francois‐Marie , Zavabeti Ali , Hamilton Jessica , Mitchell Valerie , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Kaner Richard B. , Esrafilzadeh Dorna , Dickey Michael D. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA green carbon capture and conversion technology offering scalability and economic viability for mitigating CO2 emissions is reported. The technology uses suspensions of gallium liquid metal to reduce CO2 into carbonaceous solid products and O2 at near room temperature. The nonpolar nature of the liquid gallium interface allows the solid products to instantaneously exfoliate, hence keeping active sites accessible. The solid co‐contributor of silver–gallium rods ensures a cyclic sustainable process. The overall process relies on mechanical energy as the input, which drives nano‐dimensional triboelectrochemical reactions. When a gallium/silver fluoride mix at 7:1 mass ratio is employed to create the reaction material, 92% efficiency is obtained at a remarkably low input energy of 230 kWh (excluding the energy used for dissolving CO2) for the capture and conversion of a tonne of CO2. This green technology presents an economical solution for CO2 emissions.
Interfacial Manipulation via In Situ Grown ZnSe Cultivator toward Highly Reversible Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Yang Xianzhong , Li Chao , Sun Zhongti , Yang Shuai , Shi Zixiong , Huang Rong , Liu Bingzhi , Li Shuo , Wu Yuhan , Wang Menglei , Su Yiwen , Dou Shixue , Sun Jingyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZn metal anode has garnered growing scientific and industrial interest owing to its appropriate redox potential, low cost, and high safety. Nevertheless, the instability of Zn anode caused by dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, and side reactions has greatly hampered its commercialization. Herein, an in situ grown ZnSe overlayer is crafted over one side of commercial Zn foil via chemical vapor deposition in a scalable manner, aiming to achieve optimized electrolyte/Zn interfaces with large‐scale viability. Impressively, thus‐derived ZnSe coating functions as a cultivator to guide oriented growth of Zn (002) plane at the infancy stage of stripping/plating cycles, thereby inhibiting the formation of Zn dendrites and the occurrence of side reactions. As a result, high cyclic stability (1530 h at 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2; 172 h at 30.0 mA cm−2/10.0 mAh cm−2) in symmetric cells is harvested. Meanwhile, when paired with V2O5 based cathode, assembled full cell achieves an outstanding capacity (194.5 mAh g−1) and elongated lifespan (a capacity retention of 84% after 1000 cycles) at 5.0 A g−1. The reversible Zn anode enabled by the interfacial manipulation strategy via ZnSe cultivator is anticipated to satisfy the demand of commercial use.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles with High PD‐L1 Expression for Autoimmune Diseases Treatment
Authors: Xu Fang , Fei Ziying , Dai Huaxing , Xu Jialu , Fan Qin , Shen Shufang , Zhang Yue , Ma Qingle , Chu Jiacheng , Peng Fei , Zhou Fangfang , Liu Zhuang , Wang Chao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutoimmune diseases are the third most common disease influencing the quality of life of many patients. Here, a programmed cell death‐ligand 1 + (PD‐L1) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived extracellular vesicles (MSC‐sEVs‐PD‐L1) using lentivirus‐mediated gene transfection technology is developed for reconfiguration of the local immune microenvironment of affected tissue in autoimmune diseases. MSC‐sEVs‐PD‐L1 exhibits an impressive ability to regulate various activated immune cells to an immunosuppressed state in vitro. More importantly, in dextran sulfate sodium‐induced ulcerative colitis (UC) and imiquimod‐induced psoriasis mouse models, a significantly high accumulation of MSC‐sEVs‐PD‐L1 is observed in the inflamed tissues compared to the PD‐L1+ MSCs. Therapeutic efficiency in both UC and psoriasis mouse disease models is demonstrated using MSC‐sEVs‐PD‐L1 to reshape the inflammatory ecosystem in the local immune context. A technology is developed using MSC‐sEVs‐PD‐L1 as a natural delivery platform for autoimmune diseases treatment with high clinical potential.
Liquid Metal Microscale Deposition enabled High Resolution and Density Epidermal Microheater for Localized Ectopic Expression in Drosophila
Authors: Wang Bei , Gao Junjun , Jiang Jiajun , Hu Zenghui , Hjort Klas , Guo Zheng , Wu Zhigang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLocalized ectopic expression of enteroendocrine cells in fruit flies provides a convenient model for studying human intestinal diseases, e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, that need urgent attention. Due to its noninvasive feature, thermal activating ectopic expression is an excellent option, but it demands local heating of the tiny and delicate live flies’ abdomen (≈1 × 1 mm2) without blocking their breath, instead of global heating of the whole body. This work proposes a thin, high‐resolution, and density liquid metal (LM) microheater with gas permeability and sufficient compliance to provide homogenous local heating to the fly's tiny abdomen. A depositing technique is developed that can make microscale thin (5 µm), smooth (Sa = 0.8 µm), gas permeable LM film for such microheater by introducing LM micrometer/sub‐micrometer particles. Collision induced LM particle merging and hence sintering is proposed to solve low conductivity due to their particular shells of micrometer/sub‐micrometer particles. The deposition can conformally print on the wavy or rough surface due to the fine particle size. With a shadow mask, this microscale deposition can enable high yield and reproducible thin LM patterning with high resolution, density, and precision simultaneously. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that epidermal patches can compliantly attach onto the wrinkle skin and fingerprint. Finally, by applying such a microheater on the fly abdomen, localized ectopic expression of enteroendocrine cells is successfully demonstrated.
Effect of Support for Non‐Noble NiMo Electrocatalyst in Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation
Authors: Park Jinkyu , Jang Jue‐Hyuk , Lee Ahryeon , Kim Seongbeen , Lee Seunghyun , Yoo Sung Jong , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe development of high‐performance platinum group metal (PGM)‐free electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) remains a great challenge. Here, a novel design strategy for improving the catalytic activity of PGM‐free catalysts by adopting N‐doped large‐porous carbon as a support material is reported. This paper shows the effect of support on the activity of non‐noble NiMo in HOR by comparing NiMo alloy on N‐doped mesocellular carbon foam (NiMo/N‐MSUF‐C) with NiMo/MSUF‐C and NiMo on N‐doped CMK‐3 (NiMo/N‐CMK‐3). The strong interaction between NiMo and N species in N‐MSUF‐C alters the electronic structure of NiMo toward optimal binding energies for H and OH. The large pores in N‐MSUF‐C facilitate the diffusion of OH− into the catalyst layer, thereby increasing the limiting current density, which is higher compared with that of NiMo/N‐CMK‐3. The AEMFC with NiMo/N‐MSUF‐C as the anode shows a higher peak power density of 152 mW cm−2 in H2/O2 compared with that of previously reported PGM‐free catalysts. These results can lead to efficient designing of highly effective AEMFCs for practical applications.