bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genomics and haplotype analysis in spelt and bread wheat identifies a gene regulating glume color
Authors: Abrouk Michael , Athiyannan Naveenkumar , Müller Thomas , Pailles Yveline , Stritt Christoph , Roulin Anne C. , Chu Chenggen , Liu Shuyu , Morita Takumi , Handa Hirokazu , Poland Jesse , Keller Beat , Krattinger Simon G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe cloning of agriculturally important genes is often complicated by haplotype variation across crop cultivars. Access to pan-genome information greatly facilitates the assessment of structural variations and rapid candidate gene identification. Here, we identified the red glume 1 (Rg-B1) gene using association genetics and haplotype analyses in ten reference grade wheat genomes. Glume color is an important trait to characterize wheat cultivars. Red glumes are frequent among Central European spelt, a dominant wheat subspecies in Europe before the 20th century. We used genotyping-by-sequencing to characterize a global diversity panel of 267 spelt accessions, which provided evidence for two independent introductions of spelt into Europe. A single region at the Rg-B1 locus on chromosome 1BS was associated with glume color in the diversity panel. Haplotype comparisons across ten high-quality wheat genomes revealed a MYB transcription factor as candidate gene. We found extensive haplotype variation across the ten cultivars, with a particular group of MYB alleles that was conserved in red glume wheat cultivars. Genetic mapping and transient infiltration experiments allowed us to validate this particular MYB transcription factor variants. Our study demonstrates the value of multiple high-quality genomes to rapidly resolve copy number and haplotype variations in regions controlling agriculturally important traits.
Mass spectrometric based detection of protein nucleotidylation in the RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Conti Brian J. , Leicht Andrew S. , Kirchdoerfer Robert N. , Sussman Michael R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoronaviruses, like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), encode a nucleotidyl transferase in the N-terminal (NiRAN) domain of the nonstructural protein (nsp) 12 protein within the RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Here we show the detection of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) and uridine monophosphate-modified amino acids in nidovirus proteins using heavy isotope-assisted mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS peptide sequencing. We identified lysine-143 in the equine arteritis virus (EAV) protein, nsp7, as a primary site of in vitro GMP attachment via a phosphoramide bond. In SARS-CoV-2 replicase proteins, we demonstrate nsp12-mediated nucleotidylation of nsp7 lysine-2. Our results demonstrate new strategies for detecting GMP-peptide linkages that can be adapted for higher throughput screening using mass spectrometric technologies. These data are expected to be important for a rapid and timely characterization of a new enzymatic activity in SARS-CoV-2 that may be an attractive drug target aimed at limiting viral replication in infected patients.
Identification of differentially expressed genes and the role of PDK4 in CD14+ monocytes of coronary artery disease
Authors: Du Pei , Guo Ren , Gao Keqin , Yang Shuang , Yao Baige , Cui Haobo , Zhao Ming , Jia Sujie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by development of atherosclerosis (AS), which is the leading cause of mortality and disability. Our study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients compared with those from non-CAD controls, which might pave the way to diagnosis and treatment for CAD. Methods. The RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed by BGISEQ-500, followed by analyzing with R package to screening DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed by R package. In addition, we validated the results of RNA-seq using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, we explored the function of selected ten genes in LDL-treated CD14+ monocytes by RT-qPCR. Results. a total of 2897 DEGs were identified, including 753 up- and 2144 down-regulated genes in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients. These DEGs were mainly enriched in plasma membrane and cell periphery of cell component, immune system process of biological process, NF-κB signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules signaling pathway and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway. In LDL-treated CD14+ monocytes, the mRNA expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) was significantly up-regulated. Conclusion. In the present study, we suggested that PDK4 might play a role in progression of CAD. The study will provide some pieces of evidence to investigate the role and mechanism of key genes in the pathogenesis of CAD.
Recurrent neural network based optimal integral sliding mode tracking control for four‐wheel independently driven robots
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Huang Yu , Rong Youmin , Li Gen , Wang Hui , Liu Chao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates robust path tracking issue of the four‐wheel independent driven robot (FWIDR) under time‐varying system uncertainties and unavoidable external disturbances. A robust optimal integral sliding mode tracking control (OISMTC) scheme based on double feedback recurrent neural network (DFRNN) is proposed for the FWIDR system. Firstly, the presented OISMTC scheme modifies nominal optimal control part by exploiting an additional integral term to improve the tracking accuracy. Then, the designed DFRNN utilizes a double feedback loops structure to enhance the robustness against large system uncertainties by learning to approximate nonlinear systems. The adaptive law of the DFRNN is presented based on the Lyapunov theory to obtain favourable approximation performance in the presence of the time‐varying operating conditions. Moreover, the asymptotic stability of the resultant FWIDR system is guaranteed by mathematical analysis. Finally, practical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed DFRNN‐OISMTC method.
Low-frequency radio spectra of submillimetre galaxies in the Lockman Hole
Authors: Ramasawmy J. , Geach J. E. , Hardcastle M. J. , Best P. N. , Bonato M. , Bondi M. , Calistro Rivera G. , Cochrane R. K. , Conway J. E. , Coppin K. , Duncan K. J. , Dunlop J. S. , Franco M. , García-Vergara C. , Jarvis M. J. , Kondapally R. , McCheyne I. , Prandoni I. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Smith D. J. B. , Tasse C. , Wang L. 
Published: March 2021

Aims. We investigate the radio properties of a sample of 850 μm-selected sources from the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS) using new deep, low-frequency radio imaging of the Lockman Hole field from the Low Frequency Array. This sample consists of 53 sources, 41 of which are detected at >5σ at 150 MHz.
Methods. Combining these data with additional observations at 324 MHz, 610 MHz, and 1.4 GHz from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and the Jansky Very Large Array, we find a variety of radio spectral shapes and luminosities (L1.4 GHz ranging from ~4 × 1023−1 × 1025) within our sample despite their similarly bright submillimetre flux densities (>4 mJy). We characterise their spectral shapes in terms of multi-band radio spectral indices. Finding strong spectral flattening at low frequencies in ~20% of sources, we investigate the differences between sources with extremely flat low-frequency spectra and those with ‘normal’ radio spectral indices (α > −0.25).
Results. As there are no other statistically significant differences between the two subgroups of our sample as split by the radio spectral index, we suggest that any differences are undetectable in galaxy-averaged properties that we can observe with our unresolved images, and likely relate to galaxy properties that we cannot resolve, on scales ≲1 kpc. We attribute the observed spectral flattening in the radio to free–free absorption, proposing that those sources with significant low-frequency spectral flattening have a clumpy distribution of star-forming gas. We estimate an average spatial extent of absorbing material of at most several hundred parsecs to produce the levels of absorption observed in the radio spectra. This estimate is consistent with the highest-resolution observations of submillimetre galaxies in the literature, which find examples of non-uniform dust distributions on scales of ~100 pc, with evidence for clumps and knots in the interstellar medium. Additionally, we find two bright (>6 mJy) S2CLS sources undetected at all other wavelengths. We speculate that these objects may be very high redshift sources, likely residing at z > 4.
Psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit und ohne Behinderung und krankheitsbedingter Einschränkung: Ergebnisse der repräsentativen Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitsstudie (KiGGS Welle 2)
Authors: Karg Stephanie , Rathmann Katharina , Dadaczynski Kevin 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und Ziel Kinder und Jugendliche mit Behinderung und krankheitsbedingter Einschränkung zählen zu einer vulnerablen Bevölkerungsgruppe. Bislang liegen für Deutschland allerdings wenige Erkenntnisse zum Vergleich der psychischen Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit und ohne Behinderung und krankheitsbedingter Einschränkung vor.Methodik Als Datenbasis diente die KiGGS-Welle 2 des Robert Koch-Instituts aus den Jahren 2014–2017. In die Auswertung wurden mithilfe der Elternbefragung insgesamt 11 830 Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 3–17 Jahren und 5222 Kinder und Jugendliche zwischen 11–17 Jahren mittels Selbsturteil einbezogen. Als Outcomes der psychischen Gesundheit wurden psychische Auffälligkeiten (SDQ, Elternurteil) und die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (Kidscreen, Selbsturteil) herangezogen. Neben univariaten Häufigkeitsauswertungen wurden bivariate Analysen mittels Kreuztabellen mit Chi²-Signifikanzprüfung und multivariate Analysen mittels binär-logistischer Regression durchgeführt.Ergebnisse Bei 16,5% der 3- bis 17-jährigen Kinder und Jugendlichen berichten die Eltern psychische Auffälligkeiten im grenzwertigen oder auffälligen Bereich. Eine niedrige gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität berichten 48,4% der befragten Kinder und Jugendlichen im Alter von 11–17 Jahren. Kinder und Jugendliche mit Behinderung und Einschränkung weisen eine signifikant höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit für psychische Auffälligkeiten (OR: 5,11) und für eine niedrige gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (OR: 1,50) auf.Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen einen Handlungsbedarf zur Stärkung der psychischen Gesundheit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Behinderung und/oder krankheitsbedingter Einschränkung. Hierbei nehmen die Bildungs- und Erziehungssettings Kindergarten und Schule eine hohe Bedeutung ein.
Intraoperative Impedance Planimetry (ENDOFLIP)
Authors: Wu Hoover , Ujiki Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Endoluminal Functional Imaging Probe (EndoFLIP, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) impedance planimetry system provides real-time three-dimensional images of gastrointestinal sphincters of interest, particularly the esophagogastric junction. This allows for real-time objective measurements during the surgical management of foregut diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux and achalasia. Literature continues to grow on how to best utilize this recent technology to improve patient outcomes. This outlines the intraoperative utilization of EndoFLIP.
Long-Term Outcomes of POEM for Primary Esophageal Motility Disorders
Authors: Tat Christine , Kroh Matthew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) emerged in 2010 as a treatment for achalasia, more than 7,000 procedures have been performed in the world. The main indication for POEM continues to be achalasia, which is a rare esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and aperistalsis. POEM has also been applied in other types of primary esophageal motility disorders. Short-term outcomes indicate that POEM has comparable results to laparoscopic Heller myotomy in terms of efficacy and safety. Studies show decrease in Eckardt scores after POEM as a reflection of symptomatic relief. Now, a decade after its introduction, long-term data have emerged for POEM and demonstrates that POEM remains effective and safe. Both POEM and laparoscopic Heller myotomy are associated with postinterventional gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Antireflux mechanisms are disrupted during the procedures. However, the rate of GERD is higher after POEM than with laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy is commonly performed with a partial fundoplication to reduce antireflux, but POEM is not typically combined with an antireflux procedure. Further studies should examine the long-term effects of postinterventional GERD.
An optically heated atomic source for compact ion trap vacuum systems
Authors: Gao S. , Hughes W. J. , Lucas D. M. , Ballance T. G. , Goodwin J. F. 
Published: March 2021

We present a design for an atomic oven suitable for loading ion traps, which is operated via optical heating with a continuous-wave multimode diode laser. The absence of the low-resistance electrical connections necessary for Joule heating allows the oven to be extremely well thermally isolated from the rest of the vacuum system. Extrapolating from high-flux measurements of an oven filled with calcium, we calculate that a target region number density of 100 cm−3, suitable for rapid ion loading, will be produced with 175(10) mW of heating laser power, limited by radiative losses. With simple feedforward to the laser power, the turn-on time for the oven is 15 s. Our measurements indicate that an oven volume 1000 times smaller could still hold enough source metal for decades of continuous operation.
Calibration of Manganin pressure gauge for diamond-anvil cells
Authors: Chen Jian , Cheng Hu , Zhou Xuefeng , Yan Xiaozhi , Wang Lingfei , Zhao Yusheng , Wang Shanmin 
Published: March 2021

Pressure calibration for most diamond-anvil cell (DAC) experiments is mainly based on the ruby scale, which is key to implementing this powerful tool for high-pressure study. However, the ruby scale can often hardly be used for programmably controlled DAC devices, especially the piezoelectric-driving cells, where a continuous pressure calibration is required. In this work, we present an effective pressure gauge for DACs made of Manganin metal based on the four-probe resistivity measurements. Pressure dependence of its resistivity is well established and shows excellent linear relations in the 0–30 GPa pressure range with a slope of 23.4 (9) GPa for the first-cycle compression, in contrast to that of multiple-cycle compression and decompression having a nearly identical slope of 33.7 (4) GPa likely due to the strain effect. In addition, the such-established Manganin scale can be used for continuously monitoring the cell pressure of piezoelectric-driving DACs, and the reliability of this method is also verified by the fixed-point method with a Bi pressure standard. Realization of continuous pressure calibration for programmably controlled DACs would offer many opportunities for the study of dynamics, kinetics, and critical behaviors of pressure-induced phase transitions.
Overdispersion in COVID-19 increases the effectiveness of limiting nonrepetitive contacts for transmission control
Authors: Sneppen Kim , Nielsen Bjarke Frost , Taylor Robert J. , Simonsen Lone 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Evidence indicates that superspreading plays a dominant role in COVID-19 transmission, so that a small fraction of infected people causes a large proportion of new COVID-19 cases. We developed an agent-based model that simulates a superspreading disease moving through a society with networks of both repeated contacts and nonrepeated, random contacts. The results indicate that superspreading is the virus’ Achilles’ heel: Reducing random contacts—such as those that occur at sporting events, restaurants, bars, and the like—can control the outbreak at population scales.
Quantum oscillator as a minimization problem
Authors: D’Eliseo Maurizio M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ground state of the linear harmonic oscillator is the solution to a minimization problem, and this opens up two new ways to completely solve Schrödinger’s time-independent equation. The first exploits systematic patterns that emerge from a formal relationship between two different integral representations of the energy. A remarkable invariant form of the ground-state probability-density equation under specific conditions is the leading principle of the second procedure, where a uniform notation for all mathematical object involved facilitates calculations and generates useful schemes to quickly deduce the main functional relationships of the problem. We believe these procedures may represent useful educational alternatives to standard treatments that address this fundamental problem.
Preparation of aligned nanofibers using parallel inductive-plates assisted electrospinning
Authors: Su Shijie , Liang Junsheng , Xu Shuangchao , Li Xiaojian , Xin Wenwen , Wang Zizhu , Wang Dazhi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Electrospinning is a simple, cost-effective, and versatile technique for fabrication of nanofibers. However, nanofibers obtained from the conventional electrospinning are typically disordered, which seriously limits their application. In this work, we present a novel and facile technique to obtain aligned nanofibers with high efficiency by using parallel inductive-plates assisted electrospinning (PIES). In this new electrospinning setup, the electrostatic spinneret is contained in a pair of parallel inductive-plates, which can change the shape and direction of the electric field line during the electrospinning so as to control the flight trajectory and spatial alignment of the spinning nanofibers. This electrospinning setup can divide the electric field line into two parts which are respectively directed to the edge of the upper and lower inductive-plates. Then the nanofibers move along the electric field line, suspend and align between the parallel inductive-plates. Finally, the well aligned nanofibers could be easily transferred onto other substrates for further characterizations and applications. The aligned nanofibers with an average diameter of 469 ± 115 nm and a length as long as 140 mm were successfully achieved by using PIES technique. Moreover, nanofiber arrays with different cross angles and three-dimensional films formed by the aligned nanofibers were also facilely obtained. The novel PIES developed in this work has been proved to be a facile, cost-effective and promising approach to prepare aligned nanofibers for a wide range of applications.
Novel application of Poincaré analysis to detect and quantify exercise oscillatory ventilation
Authors: Welch Ryan , Kolbe John , Lardenoye Mandy , Ellyett Kevin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV) is frequently observed in individuals with cardiac disease. Assessment of EOV relies on pattern recognition and this subjectivity and lack of quantification limits the widespread clinical use of EOV as a prognostic marker. Poincaré analysis quantifies the short (SD1) and long-term (SD2) variability of a signal and may provide an alternative means to identify and quantify unstable exercise breathing patterns. This study aimed to determine if Poincaré analysis can distinguish between the breathing patterns of healthy control subjects and individuals being assessed for heart transplantation with and without EOV. Approach. Thirty-nine subjects performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test as part of heart transplant assessment and were subjectively classified into two groups according to the presence of EOV: non-EOV (n = 19) and EOV (n = 20). The control group (n = 24) consisted of healthy adults. Poincaré analysis (SD1 and SD2) was performed for minute ventilation (

V
̇

E) and tidal volume (VT) normalized to forced vital capacity (

V
̇

En
and

V
̇

Tn
), and breathing frequency (BF) for breath-by-breath data over the 10–15 ml · min−1 · kg−1

V
̇

O2
range. Main results. Poincaré analysis showed similar exercise ventilatory responses between the non-EOV and control group. BF was found to discriminate between subjects with stable and unstable ventilation. BF SD1 was significantly higher in the EOV group compared to the non-EOV (7.9 versus 4.6, p < 0.01) and control (7.9 versus 4.2, p < 0.01) groups. The EOV group had significantly greater BF SD2 compared to the non-EOV (5.7 versus 3.5, p < 0.01) and control (5.7 versus 3.5, p < 0.01) groups. Significance. We demonstrated that this novel application of Poincaré analysis can objectively distinguish and quantify unstable from stable breathing patterns during exercise. In subjects being assessed for heart transplantation the presence of EOV is associated with greater BF variability. Poincaré analysis provides an objective measure to identify and quantify EOV. Summary at a glance. As EOV may indicate abnormal ventilatory control, there is a need for an objective measure to identify and quantify unstable from stable ventilation during exercise. We developed a method of quantifying BF variation by the application of Poincaré analysis and demonstrated higher than normal variability of BF in subjects being assessed for heart transplantation who demonstrated EOV.
KMAG: KPLO Magnetometer Payload
Authors: Lee Hyojeong , Jin Ho , Jeong Byungwook , Lee Seungah , Lee Seongwhan , Baek Seul-Min , Shin Jehyuck , Lee Jung-Kyu , Park Hyeonhu , Kim Khan-Hyuk , Son Derac 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Kplo-MAGnetometer (KMAG) is one of the scientific instruments of Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) set to be launched in 2022. Its objectives are magnetic field investigation and technical demonstration near the surface of the Moon. Specifically, it will investigate the lithospheric magnetism of the Moon and measure the electromagnetic wave properties near the lunar surface. It consists of three fluxgate magnetometers on a 1.2 m long boom, which is relatively shorter than the boom used in other missions. The three magnetometers are included for scientific measurements, redundancy checks, and multi-sensor technical investigation. The magnetometers and an inner Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive sensor perform simultaneous sampling to correct for the magnetic field interference caused by the spacecraft. The fully integrated flight model assembly showed that the magnetometer noise level was less than 30 pT Hz−1/2 at 1 Hz and stability was within ±0.2 nT at the 10 Hz sampling rate. This paper describes the configuration and performance of the KMAG using the multi-sensing method. KPLO, THEMIS-ARTEMIS spacecraft, and Commercial Lunar Payload Service modules will be in their operational phase simultaneously. Therefore, the KMAG will be able to contribute to multi-site in-situ measurements of the lunar magnetic field. We expect that the KMAG will provide an up-to-date lunar observation data set and an opportunity to perform the multi-sensor observation.