bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Increasing State Minimum Wage on Family Caregiving
Authors: Jutkowitz Eric , Lake Derek , Shewmaker Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Paid long-term care workers, such as personal care aides, compliment family caregivers in the delivery of care for people with long-term care needs. Nearly 12% of paid long-term care workers live in poverty. There is a call to raise the federal minimum wage from $7.25/hr to $15/hr. Long-term care workers may financially benefit from an increase in minimum wage, but families that rely on paid long-term care may be unable to afford higher wages. We obtained Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2006-2014) respondents’ state of residence which we linked with state minimum wage data. Between 2006 and 2010 the federal minimum wage increased from $5.15 to $7.25. We identified 25 states in which the 2006 to 2010 (pre period) increases in federal minimum wage increased the state’s effective minimum wage (higher of state and federal minimum wage). Seven of these states continued to increase their minimum wage from 2010 to 2014 (post period). The remaining 18 matching control states did not increase their minimum wage after 2010. We used a difference-in-differences design and ordinary least squares regression to compare hours of unpaid and paid caregiving HRS respondents received in treatment and control. There was no statistically significant change in unpaid (-2.15; 95%CI: -8.53, 4.23) or paid (2.42; 95%CI: -1.33, 6.20) caregiving hours received between HRS respondents that lived in states that did and did not increase their minimum wage. Increasing state minimum wage may improve the economic wellbeing of long-term care workers without adversely affecting people with long-term care needs.
Providing Nursing Home Care in an Era of Increasing Scarcity: The Case of Pennsylvania
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth , Miller Edward , Wylie Molly , Cohen Marc 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Medicaid financing of nursing home (NH) care provides the strongest safety net for low income older adults, persons who have high-intensity long-term care (LTC) needs, and consumers with exorbitant LTC costs. Yet, NHs currently face serious threats to their financial viability, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where the costs of caring for residents in a safe way have increased significantly, even as the ability to recoup these costs from the Medicaid program has been constrained. The purpose of this study is to assess key demand and supply factors affecting the performance of the NH industry in Pennsylvania over time. It draws from several large, national data sources, including NH Compare, LTCFocus.org, the U.S. Bureaus of the Census and Labor Statistics, and Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reports, as well as state-level population projections and Departments of Health and Human Services data. An aggregate database was constructed with historical data points at the facility, regional, and state level. Annual total and regional trends were examined from 2010 to 2020. Findings suggest a growing gap between what NHs require to meet the needs of residents and the level of reimbursement paid by the largest funder: Medicaid. Considering demographic trends, this gap will only grow over time in the absence of policy change. The pandemic has further highlighted the existing challenges resulting from an underfunded service infrastructure and the need for additional investment if NHs are to provide high quality care to a growing cohort of older adults requiring support.
Using Population-Level Data to Assess Need for and Use of Long-Term Services and Supports in California
Authors: Kietzman Kathryn , Chen Lei , Allen Rebecca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In response to aging and disability stakeholder advocacy in California, the state’s 2018-19 budget included support for the development of a study of Californians with needs for long-term services and supports (LTSS). Existing data on LTSS most typically represents those who already use specific programs or services. Yet many programs do not uniformly collect and report data, or have little capacity to share data across different delivery systems. In response to these gaps, we developed a 15-minute follow-on survey to the 2019-2020 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), gathering statewide population-level data to assess LTSS needs and use by Californians 18 years of age and older. This paper reports on preliminary findings from the 2019 CHIS-LTSS survey conducted with a sample of 1097 respondents. Screening questions identified respondents reporting difficulties with concentrating, remembering, or making decisions (60%), performing basic daily activities such as dressing or bathing (26%), or getting out of the house to shop or to see the doctor (52%). Nearly half of respondents (45%) reported needing help with routine care needs while 16% needed help with personal care needs. Additional findings illustrate specific LTSS needs, service use, consequences of unmet needs, financial concerns, and consumer experiences. At a time when California policy makers, program planners, and advocates are engaged in implementing a 10-year Master Plan for Aging, these findings can be used to identify and address gaps in the types of services and supports that are essential to meet the LTSS needs of older adults and people with disabilities.
TBD
Authors: Brown Cynthia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chair: Lori Simon-Rusinowitz;Panelists: Representatives of GSA Sections - Phillip Rozario (SRPP), Stephen Helfand (BS), Tamara Baker (BSS), Cynthia Brown (HS), Judith Howe (AGHE), Darina Petrovsky (ESPO); Discussant: Brian Lindberg. This interactive session is an interdisciplinary look at policy issues in aging with the speakers representing views from their sections. This session, organized by the GSA Public Policy Panel, will provide both GSA section leadership and attendees an opportunity to have an open dialogue on important public policy issues of significance in the field of aging. Presentations will likely address the COVID-19 pandemic, how GSA, each section and its members, and the federal government responded during the past year; how the policy work has been influenced by the increased acknowledgement of institutional and societal racism; and member experiences with the influx of additional economic relief, research funding, and funding for aging supports and services programs.
The Cannabis and Older Persons Study: Has Science Caught Up With Practice Yet?
Authors: Kaskie Brian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since 2016, the Cannabis and Older Persons Study has examined the increasing use of cannabis among Americans over 60 years old. Our current work dives into particular groups of cannabis users and explores outcomes related to medical conditions and symptoms. This symposium also features a range of methodological approaches from an analysis of the BRFSS caregiving and cannabis modules, a convenience sample of more than 4,000 older cannabis users enrolled in the Illinois Medical Cannabis Program and qualitative interviews conducted with aging veterans. Kanika Arora examines the association between informal caregiving and marijuana use and whether this association varies by age. Julie Bobitt shares findings from 32 interviews with older Veteran cannabis users. Alton Croker examines cannabis use as a complement or alternative to palliative care. HyoJung Kang clusters negative outcomes experienced by older persons who use cannabis. Brian Kaskie compares cannabis use among persons with Multiple Sclerosis (N=135) and persons diagnosed with arthritis (N=582) or cancer (N=622). While we certainly find reason to remain concerned that cannabis use alone and co-occurring use with prescription opioids may contribute to increased rates of substance misuse and other undesirable outcomes among older adults, we find it increasingly difficult to overlook the benefits many persons derive when taking cannabis as a method to manage pain or address other medical conditions. At this point, public policy officials and program administrator should strive to strike a balance between addressing cannabis harms relative to promoting benefits such as opioid reduction and diversion.
Negative Clusters Associated With Cannabis Use: Tangled Up in Blues
Authors: Kang Hyojung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Previous studies concerning older adults have focused on whether cannabis use leads to positive or negative outcomes. In this study, we identified clusters of negative health outcomes associated with medical cannabis use. In total, we examined eight health outcomes: pain, sleep, falls, memory, digestive issues, mental health conditions, exercise, and general productivity reported by 2,968 persons over 60 who participated in the Illinois Medical Cannabis Program. We used association analysis to simultaneously identify groups of negative outcomes reported by participants. The distribution of non-positive outcomes shows a bell-shaped curve: 1.4% of participants responded that cannabis use improved all outcomes, while 4.1% of participants answered that cannabis use did not. When looking at negative outcomes, 86% of participants reported none worsened, and 11% reported one of the outcomes was affected. Only a small fraction of the participants (3%) claimed more than one negative outcomes after cannabis use.
Effects of Caloric Restriction on the Epigenetic Landscape of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Beerman Isabel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
During aging, alterations of hematopoietic stem cells are associated with functional decline of the blood system. Caloric restriction (CR) interventions have been reported to improve adult stem cells in other tissue types during aging so we sought to evaluate the effects of CR on the aged HSC compartment. We find significant epigenetic alterations in HSCs isolated from aged mice after life-long CR compared to ad libitum fed aged mice. We further evaluated the epigenetic landscapes and functional potential of aged HSCs shortly after allowing life-long CR mice access to ad libitum food. We uncover epigenetic modification associated with functional alterations of the HSCs, defining potential mechanisms by which restrictions in food consumption affect the aging hematopoietic compartment.
COVID-Related Perceptions of the Future and Well-Being Among Older Canadian Women
Authors: Newton Nicky , Huo Hua (Poppy) , Hytman Lauren , Ryan Cara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST; Carstensen, 1993) posits that time horizons - or Future Time Perspective (FTP) - change with age and/or the priming of endings. Fung and Carstensen (2006) found that SARS-CoV in 2003 naturalistically primed fragility, with consequences for both FTP and well-being. The current SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic provides a similar context: During the early months of COVID-19, age and time horizon were related to greater emotional well-being for American adults (Carstensen et al., 2020); Dozois (2020) found that, for Canadian adults, anxiety and depression rose. The current study examines relationships between FTP, COVID-19 impact, and psychological well-being in older Canadian women (N = 190; Mage = 70.38). We found that COVID-19 impact and FTP were both related to well-being; additionally, COVID-19 impact moderated the relationship between FTP and well-being. The complexity of what remains or becomes increasingly important for older women during a global health crisis is discussed.
A Model to Transform Communities Toward Becoming Dementia Inclusive
Authors: Drost Jennifer , Sanders Margaret 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As the US population ages, the prevalence of people living with dementia will also increase. It is estimated that by 2050, 13.8 million American’s 65 and older will be diagnosed with dementia, and currently only 40% of those living with dementia receive an official diagnosis. 70% of people living with dementia live in the community. In order to optimize quality of life and extend each person’s ability to remain living in their homes for as long as possible, it is important for communities to educate consumers and providers alike about Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias, focusing on behaviors and interventions. This education must cross multiple sectors to effectively increase awareness, decrease stigma, and enable participation in community living for people living with dementia and their caregivers. Dementia Friends USA offers a framework for implementation of dementia friendly inclusive community initiatives that spans professions and incorporates patient and caregiver perspectives. The four symposia will 1) lead us through the evidence that supports the Dementia Friends USA approach, 2) demonstrate how this approach can be operationalized in a truly integrated fashion at the community level using HRSA’s Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (GWEP), 3) provide step-by-step instructions for implementing Dementia Friends Community sessions, focusing on one sector at a time (in this case the Developmental Disability population), and 4) discuss the individual and community level outcomes of Dementia Friends implementation.
Occupational Differences in Metabolic Syndrome Incidence Among Older Workers
Authors: Runge Katharina , van Zon Sander K R , Bültmann Ute , Henkens Kène 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study investigates whether the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and its components, differs by occupational group among older workers (45-65 years) and whether health behaviors (smoking, leisure-time physical activity, diet quality) can explain these differences. We analyzed data from older workers (N=23 051) from two comprehensive measurement waves of the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank. MetS components were determined by physical measurements, blood markers, medication use, and self-reports. Occupational group and health behaviors were assessed by questionnaires. The association between occupational groups and MetS incidence was examined using Cox regression analysis. Health behaviors were subsequently added to the model to examine whether they can explain differences in MetS incidence between occupational groups. Low skilled white-collar (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.39) and low skilled blue-collar (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.69) workers had a significantly higher MetS incidence risk during 3.65 years follow-up than high skilled white-collar workers. Health behaviors reduced the strength of the association between occupational group and MetS incidence most among low skilled blue-collar workers (i.e. 10.3% reduction) as unhealthy behaviors were more prevalent in this occupational group. Similar occupational differences were observed on MetS component level. To conclude, MetS incidence in older workers differs between occupational groups and health behaviors only explain a small part of these differences. Health promotion tailored to occupational groups may be beneficial specifically among older low skilled blue-collar workers. Research into other factors that contribute to occupational differences is needed, as well as studies spanning the entire working life course.
Heart Failure and Hospital Utilization Trajectories Before and After Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Wei Sijia , Pan Wei , Lee Chiyoung , Tsumura Hideyo , Xue Tingzhong (Michelle) , McConnell Eleanor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Long-term hospital utilization trajectories in the context of surgery are understudied. Heart Failure (HF) is associated with an increased risk for rehospitalization after hip fracture surgery. This study aimed to examine whether older adults (&gt;= 65 years old) have distinct patterns of long-term hospital utilization trajectories and whether HF influences these trajectories before and after hip fracture surgery. An initial cohort of 1,172 older adults hospitalized for hip fracture surgery between October 2015 and December 2018 was extracted from electronic health records. To adjust selection bias in baseline characteristics, we used propensity score 1:1 ratio matching to identify a final cohort of older adults with (n = 288) and without (n = 288) HF. Monthly frequencies of emergency department (ED) and inpatient encounters 1-year before and after the hip fracture surgery were used to identify distinct utilization trajectories from group-based trajectory analysis. Logistic regression models were used to compare the differences in ED and inpatient trajectories among patients with and without HF. High ED users (9.5%) had constant high ED use, and high inpatient users (20.1%) had significantly higher inpatient usage around the index hip fracture surgery hospitalization. Both low ED (90.5%) and inpatient (79.9%) users had low but slightly increased use around the index hospitalization. Compared with older adults without HF, older adults with HF were more likely to be long-term high inpatient user (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.25-3.01, p = 0.003), but not significantly different in long-term ED utilization (OR=1.87, 95% CI 0.97-3.59, p = 0.62).
Psychometric Properties of the Health Literacy Survey European Questionnaire-12
Authors: Bae Suyeong , Park Sung-Ji , Woo Hee-Soon , Hong Ickpyo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The importance of health literacy has increased as the public awareness of health has increased. Health Literacy Survey European Questionnaire-47 (HLS-EU-Q47) is a representative assessment tool for evaluating health literacy, and its psychometric properties have been examined in various countries. This study analyzed the item-level psychometric properties of a short version of the HLS-EU-Q47 using a Rasch measurement model. We collected 254 Korean adults who completed the 12 items of the HLS-EU-Q47 in hospital settings. We used confirmation factor analysis (CFA) to examine the unidimensionality assumption of the HLS-EU-Q12. We analyzed item fit, precision, and differential item functioning (DIF) across sex, age and education groups. The CFA model confirmed that HLS-EU-Q12 satisfies the unidimensionality assumption (CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.09) and no local independence in the 12 test items (residual correlations ranged from -0.16 to 0.19). The HLS-EU-Q12 demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.90) and no DIF across sex, age and education groups (p &gt; 0.05). The person strata by the instrument were 3.80, which is equivalent to a traditional reliability value of 0.87. In short, the study findings indicate that the HLS-EU-Q12 has good psychometric properties with the 254 Korean adults. Since the HLS-EU-Q12 can accurately and precisely evaluate the health literacy of Korean adults, this instrument could be used in clinical settings.
Activity Space and Functional Outcomes in Frail Older Persons Using GPS analysis
Authors: Lau Sandra , von Aschwege Frerk Mueller- , Zieschang Tania , Bauer Juergen , Hein Andreas , Diekmann Rebecca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With increasing age, walking becomes a main functional ability to participate in activities of daily living and supports independence and mobility. Frailty in older, multimorbid patients has a negative impact on physical activity and may reduce the personal activity space (AS). In this pilot study, GPS data were used to identify walking tracks to define individual AS and to compare functional performance in frail older persons. GPS data of 20 community-dwelling adults (84.5(±5.2)years, 85% women, mean frailty phenotype 1.9 (70% ≥2)points) were analyzed using a customized software to assess individual AS over a ten-months period. A geriatric home assessment including Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed (GS) and Timed-up-and-Go (TUG) was conducted monthly. GPS analysis revealed three different walking types presenting AS similarities: Type A walkers prefer smaller short walks nearby the home while Type B can be characterized by taking larger regular walks. Type C presents the widest AS using different transportation modes, but only a moderate number of walks. Mean group difference in functional performance of Type A walkers showed significantly reduced GS (0.45(±0.1)m/s), TUG (23.4s(±4.9)) and SPPB scores (3.8(±0.8) points; p&lt;0.05) compared to Type C (0.82(±0.1)m/s (GS); 13.2(±1.4)s (TUG); 7.0(±1.3) points (SPPB)). Functional performance of Type B walkers (0.63(±0.2)m/s (GS); 17.1(±4.4)s (TUG); 6.5(±2.4)points (SPPB)) revealed significantly higher SPPB scores compared to Type A (p&lt;0.05). Walks and individual AS can be mapped via GPS under everyday conditions. High heterogeneity within frail older people was observed. Persons with lower functional performance showed a reduced AS and physical activity.
Implementing Age-Friendly University Principles: Institutional Supports, Barriers, and Outcomes
Authors: Felsted Katarina , Eaton Jacqueline 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The University of Utah Gerontology Interdisciplinary Program received an Age-Friendly University (AFU) seed grant through GSA’s Academy of Gerontology in Higher Education, funded by AARP, to develop a model for promoting lifelong learning in partnership with university and community stakeholders. We designed and instituted a targeting marketing campaign that supported our goals: 1) to implement AFU principles; 2) to promote awareness of HB60, a legislative bill allowing people 62+ to audit courses at public universities for a minimal cost; 3) to enhance HB 60 enrollment through increased communication of online course options and tuition waiver support; and 4) to improve university and community stakeholder engagement. This presentation describes project benefits, including increased awareness of AFU initiatives, promoting age diversity, safe participation through online coursework, and enhanced community partnerships. The initiative garnered strong departmental support for marketing, communications, and structure for the post-award process. Barriers occurred due to a lack of HB60 infrastructure at the university level, which inadvertently obstructs organizational engagement. This initiative targeted AFU principles while supporting the university’s strategic goal of engaging communities and preparing to pursue membership in the AFU Global Network. Future AFU goals include developing advocacy channels within the university to improve organizational support.
Characteristics of Our Patient Population
Authors: Hill Kyrsten 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To date, 106 patients have completed behavioral health assessments across three sites: a rural primary care clinic (n = 32), urban federally qualified health center (n = 33), and state-certified residential rehabilitation facility (n = 41). Patients ranged from 18 to 65 years of age (M = 38.6, SD = 11.4). Approximately 51% were female and 75% were non-Hispanic White (followed by 22% African American). Over 60% had a high school degree or less and found it at least somewhat difficult to pay for basic needs. Most patients endorsed substantial (44%) or severe (39%) drug use, with 40% endorsing opioid use. There were no significant differences in substance use by age group. Moderate to severe symptoms of depression (43%) and anxiety (49%) were common. Approximately 70% endorsed adverse childhood experiences, and 44% reported clinically significant post-traumatic stress symptoms. Measures of cognitive functioning and objective health literacy are currently being collected.