bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoted Electrochemical Reconstruction of Glassy Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Electrocatalytic 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Oxidation
Authors: Shen Yi , Deng Hao , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Du Puyu , Zhou Haotian , Ma Meng , Shen Aijing , Wang Miao , Dong Chung‐Li , Xu Linpeng , Shen Shaohua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlassy metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) featured with excellent ionic conductivity and processability have attracted tremendous attention, yet remaining unexplored for electrocatalytic 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation. Herein, developed as the first example of glassy MOFs for electrocatalytic HMF oxidation reaction (HMFOR), glassy ZIF‐CoNi (ZIF‐CoNi(g)) is prepared via a ball‐milling and melt‐quenching two‐step process, which is further electrochemically treated by cyclic voltammetry. The obtained surface reconstructed ZIF‐CoNi(g) (R‐ZIF‐CoNi(g)) exhibits excellent HMFOR performance, with 100% HMF conversion, 99.6% 2,5‐furandicar‐boxylic acid (FDCA) yield, and 98.5% FDCA faradaic efficiency (FE) achieved at 1.48 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Remarkably, with R‐ZIF‐CoNi(g) as the anode and Pt/C as the cathode, the integrated membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer could reach a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at 1.68 V for simultaneous HMFOR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the disordered Co–N bond arrangement and then the weakened Co–N bond would promote electrochemical reconstruction happened to ZIF‐CoNi(g) with abundant CoOOH active sites created, which benefit HMF dynamic adsorption and HMFOR kinetics. This exemplar success in glassy MOFs for electrocatalytic HMFOR has exploited a novel strategy to the rational design of economic electrocatalysts with electrochemical reconstruction manipulated for efficient biomass upgrading.
Navigating the Institutional Review Board and other institutional entities: An ode to aspiring YPAR scholars
Authors: Kornbluh Mariah , Abraczinskas Michelle , Hoyt Lindsay Till , Bell Sherry , Kuchera Michele , Thomas LaNeia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractYouth‐led participatory action research (YPAR) engages young people as partners in rigorous research inquiry to guide and inform collective action. Scholars interested in YPAR have notable investment in social justice and activist values, which at times come in direct tensions within their doctoral training and/or professional roles within academia. One monumental hurdle in conducting YPAR is obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB). The goal of this manuscript, therefore, is to transparently and humbly share some of the heart work we have done in navigating the IRB. In partnership with IRB directors who are co‐authors, we discuss several choice points in obtaining IRB approval. Challenges include: (1) advocating for youth to have co‐investigator status on the IRB application, (2) training youth in research ethics, (3) strategically crafting a YPAR application that attends to the evolving and emerging nature of the research, (4) obtaining approval to compensate youth for their time as researchers, and (5) planning for diverse youth dissemination strategies that may challenge principles of anonymity. In discussing these choice points, we will share examples from our own work, strategies, and resources to support current and future aspiring YPAR scholars.
Characteristics and outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage from vertebral artery dissection: A comparative study with other non‐traumatic etiologies
Authors: Oshita Shu , Yumoto Tetsuya , Jinno Shunta , Matsuo Ippei , Hongo Takashi , Naito Hiromichi , Hiramatsu Masafumi , Haruma Jun , Sugiu Kenji , Tanaka Shota , Nakao Atsunori 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimVertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a rare cause of non‐traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with significant clinical implications. This study compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SAH from intracranial VAD rupture to those from other etiologies, primarily aneurysmal rupture.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective cohort study at Okayama University Hospital included patients with non‐traumatic SAH diagnosed between 2019 and 2023. Patients were categorized into “VAD rupture” and “other etiologies” groups. The main outcome was clinical presentation and symptoms. Additional outcomes included ICU mortality, in‐hospital mortality, and unfavorable outcomes at discharge and 6 months, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6.ResultsA total of 66 patients were included, with 14 in the VAD rupture group and 52 in the other etiologies group. The VAD rupture group was younger (median age 49 vs. 64 years, p = 0.003) and had a higher incidence of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (42.9% vs. 9.6%, p = 0.011). Preceding headache was more common in the VAD rupture group (78.6% vs. 11.5%, p < 0.001), with a median duration of 36 h before presentation. ICU and in‐hospital mortality was higher in the VAD rupture group (both 50.0% vs. 19.3%, p = 0.019). No significant differences were found in unfavorable neurological outcomes at hospital discharge and 6 months.ConclusionsVAD‐related SAH often presents with prodromal headaches, severe symptoms like out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, and higher ICU and in‐hospital mortality than other SAH causes, though long‐term outcomes are similar. Larger, prospective studies are needed to refine interventions.
Enhanced Dye Separation With Mixed Matrix Membranes Incorporating ZIF‐8@COF Binary Nanofillers
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Linghao , Lin Menghao , Chen Li , Zeng Xinjuan , Dong Lichun , Zhou Cailong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have emerged as a promising solution for the treatment of dye wastewater. A key challenge in advancing MMMs is how to effectively integrate two nanofillers with distinct advantages to mitigate the limitations of single‐nanofiller systems. In this study, we present a binary nanofiller strategy, utilizing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), to fabricate polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based MMMs. By systematically adjusting the mass ratio of ZIF‐8 MOF and TFB‐BD(Me)2 COF, the separation efficiency of membranes for dyes with different charges, capitalizing on the molecular sieving properties of MOFs and the superior compatibility of COFs was evaluated. The optimized membrane demonstrated a rejection of 91.66% for Congo red (CR), along with a water permeance of 641.9 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. This work represents a novel attempt in the design of binary‐nanofiller MMMs, offering new insights into the synergistic effects of hybrid nanofillers in membrane technology.
Optimizing Melamine Sponges Modified With Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Environmental and Industrial Applications
Authors: Zhang Taochuan , Han Lei , Yang Guanda , Schubert Dirk W. , Duan Chunmei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explored the development and characterizations of a lightweight, cost‐effective, and easily accessible titanium dioxide (TiO2)/melamine sponge with outstanding hydrophobicity, oil absorption/separation, flame retardancy, durability, and electromagnetic wave absorption capacities. Commercial melamine sponges were modified using the silane coupling agent and TiO2 nanoparticles via a solution‐immersion method. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed the structural integrity and surface morphology with increased surface roughness and uniform distribution of TiO2 particles. The hydrophobicity of the TiO2/sponge was confirmed by contact angle measurements, showing a high value of 145°. The oil absorption capacity and separation efficiency were also quantified, with the modified sponges able to absorb oils at 70 to 120 times their weight while maintaining a separation efficiency above 95% even after 10 reuse cycles. Additionally, the TiO2/sponge exhibited excellent flame resistance, strong mechanical abrasion resistance, and stability in saline environments. Electromagnetic absorption tests over the 2–18 GHz range showed efficient absorption, with reflection loss values below −10 dB at higher frequencies for thicker sponges. These results suggest that TiO2/sponge composites provide multifaceted enhancements, making them suitable for various environmental and industrial applications, including oil spill management and electromagnetic radiation mitigation.
Revealing the Relationship Between the Entanglement Densities and Tribological Performance of UHMWPE
Authors: Wei Peng , Sui Yang , Yan Kunhang , Han Junhao , Cui Yi , Cong Chuanbo , Zhou Qiong , Bai Pengpeng , Tian Yu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUltra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) can be used as the candidate material for mixed transmission pipelines due to its fabulous wear durability, corrosion resistance, and self‐lubricating qualities. Nonetheless, the connection between its microstructures and tribological performance is still unclear, and hence it is difficult to elucidate the mechanism of its wear resistance. Four types of UHMWPE samples (GUR 400Fine, GUR 4012, GUR 4130, and GUR 4150) were chosen for this study, and their tribological properties were tested. The results show that the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate (WR) of GUR 4130 decrease as the temperature increases, but its crystallinity would not be changed while its entanglement density increases and they were confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis. Additionally, GUR 400Fine and GUR 4012 have similar molecular weight, GUR 400Fine's COF and WR are 1.12 and 1.37 times higher than those of GUR 4012 due to its lower entanglement density. Additionally, higher molecular weight causes higher entanglement density and better tribological performance. In conclusion, we have prepared UHMWPE with better wear resistance through a simple processing method.
Exploring developmental changes in femoral midneck cross‐sectional properties
Authors: Muñoz‐Guarinos Julia , Rodríguez Laura , Carretero José Miguel , García‐González Rebeca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research delves deeper into previous works on femoral cross‐sectional properties during ontogeny by focusing for the first time on the human femoral midneck. The ontogenetic pattern of cross‐sectional properties at femoral midneck is established and compared with those at three different femoral locations: the proximal femur, the midshaft, and the distal femur. The study sample includes 99 femora (70 non‐adults and 29 adults) belonging to archaeological specimens. Cross‐sectional properties were extracted from computed tomographic scans and analyzed with the MomentMacro plugin of ImageJ. Ontogenetic trends of these variables were assessed using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing and segmented regressions, along with Wilcoxon post hoc tests for all possible age group pairings. Our results show that the femoral midneck exhibits a unique growth pattern. Area variables showed rapid growth until adolescence, followed by a more gradual increase leading into adulthood. Nonetheless, the relative cortical area does not demonstrate any significant drops or rise during growth. The morphology of the midneck section of the femur remains stable during ontogeny, with early adolescence and the onset of adulthood marking two periods of significant change. In contrast to the femoral diaphysis, the acquisition of a mature bipedal gait does not appear to constitute a period of significant morphological change at the femoral midneck cross section.
Hindlimb locomotor biomechanics of the derived therizinosaur Nothronychus: Functional changes in the line to birds and convergence with large‐bodied neornitheans
Authors: Smith David K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNothronychus graffami was a large therizinosaur represented by a single well‐preserved individual from the Turonian Tropic Shale of southern Utah. It is characterized by an enlarged abdomen, small tail, and an extensively pneumatized axial skeleton, and is frequently regarded as herbivorous. Given the overall tail reduction and the development of a wide fused synsacrum with widely spaced acetabulae, it is reconstructed with an anteriorly rotated femur and a displaced resting ground reaction force anterior to the center of mass. The axis of the ground reaction force would shift laterally during locomotion to maintain stability as observed in extant broad abdomened neornitheans. A waddling gait is inferred for Nothronychus. This pattern is significantly different than in Falcarius, a basal therizinosaurian, where a plesiomorphic narrow abdomen, narrowly spaced acetabulae, and altiliac ilium are observed. Falcarius was capable of a more cursorial gait than derived therizinosaurs. In contrast to Nothronychus, Falcarius was probably at least omnivorous to carnivorous, so herbivory almost certainly evolved within the therizinosaur lineage. Following previous work on Tyrannosaurus and Coelophysis, moment arms were computed for Nothronychus for major muscles spanning the hip, knee, and ankle. A ball‐and‐socket joint is present at the hip, so three‐dimensional movement was considered possible there. The knee and ankle were represented by two‐dimensional hinge joints. Some muscles altered their function as the pubis shifted from a propubic orientation to an opisthopubic one. These included flexion to extension and the addition of increased abduction/adduction in the affected muscles. The results supported convergence with an avian locomotor model, such as reduction in M. caudofemoralis longus.
Efficacy and Fate of RNA Interference Molecules in the Green Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Arora Arinder K. , Kang David S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technology for controlling insect pests of agriculture. This technology is mediated through the application of double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), which are processed within the insect cells into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These molecules then target and reduce the expression of the insect‐specific genes that can kill or reduce the performance of the pest. The application of these RNA biopesticides generally falls under two methods: foliar sprays and expression of RNAi constructs within transgenic plants. Here, we provide evidence supporting feasibility of using transgenic plants to deliver RNAi‐based biopesticides against their aphid pests. Our findings suggest that, under the Cucumis melo galactinol synthase 1 promoter, the companion cells of transformed Arabidopsis thaliana plants express dsRNAs but not siRNAs at detectable levels. Further, oral application of either siRNAs or dsRNAs is equally effective in reducing the expression of transcripts of the integral membrane protein aquaporin 1 in Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphids. We did not find any dsRNAs or siRNAs remaining in the insects or honeydew 48 h post‐exposure, suggesting a low risk of contamination of these molecules beyond the target phloem‐piercing insect pests.
Curcumin and doxorubicin encapsulated in biocompatible clay‐based nanomaterial: A strategy to overcome multidrug resistance
Authors: Poma Paola , Massaro Marina , Rigogliuso Salvatrice , Condorelli Lucia , Sánchez‐Espejo Rita , Viseras César , Notarbartolo Monica , Riela Serena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) due to the overexpression of the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) efflux pump remains a significant challenge in cancer therapy, also in breast cancer. Traditional pharmacological approaches have focused on using inhibitors to modulate P‐gp expression and function. Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from Curcuma longa L., is one of the most extensively studied natural compounds with the potential as an effective P‐gp inhibitor. Despite its promising attributes, the clinical application of P‐gp inhibitors is complicated by P‐gp's presence in healthy cells, such as those in the intestinal barrier and blood–brain barrier, which can lead to increased toxicity. To address these challenges, we developed a novel multifunctional nanomaterial by covalently bonding halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with hectorite (Ht) and loading it with curcumin and doxorubicin. The efficacy of the co‐delivery of curcumin and doxorubicin by HNTs‐Ht nanomaterial was evaluated by cytotoxicity assays on MCF‐7R cells, both in two‐dimensional (2D) and in three‐dimensional (3D) models. The obtained data show that curcumin causes increased doxorubicin accumulation by acting as a substrate for P‐gp transport and as a stimulator of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐dependent drug efflux transporter on a doxorubicin‐resistant breast cancer cell line. The results suggest that the HNTs‐Ht nanomaterial could provide a promising approach to improve chemotherapy effectiveness by overcoming MDR and enhancing treatment outcomes.
The Transverse Humeral Ligament: An Anatomical Narrative Review
Authors: Shimizu Keigo , Tabira Yoko , Harano Tatsuya , Iwanaga Joe , Uchino Shota , Kikuchi Keishiro , Bubb Kathleen , Raeburn Kazzara , Tubbs R. Shane , Watanabe Koichi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTShoulder pain often involves the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii (LHBT) and the transverse humeral ligament (THL). Traditionally, the THL is considered a ligament that prevents the LHBT from dislocating, but recent studies suggest that it may be part of the subscapularis tendon. This review evaluates the nature of the THL and its overlying structures. We reviewed the literature from PubMed and Scopus through April 2024 and selected seven studies. Four described the THL as a ligament, and three did not. THL measurements ranged from 14 to 21 mm in length and 14 to 17 mm in width. Histology was inconsistent, with some studies suggesting it is more tendon‐like. Clinically, LHBT injuries are associated with rotator cuff injuries. Biomechanical studies, such as those by Kwon et al. (2009), associate the LHBT with subscapularis tendon tears. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of shoulder pain should consider these anatomical variations. The structure covering LHBT in the intertubercular sulcus is most likely the subscapularis tendon, rather than a ligament. Understanding these variations is critical to improving the management of shoulder pain.
A Prebiotic Route to Lactate from Acetaldehyde, Cyanide and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Sharma Shriaya , Yang Yang , Lee Ji‐Woong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) has fluctuated throughout Earth's history. However, the role of CO2 in prebiotic chemistry has been predominantly and limitedly postulated as a C1 precursor, which can be reduced to carbon monoxide or methane mimicking the Wood‐Ljungdahl pathway. Herein we present neglected roles of CO2 as an active promoter in accessing biologically important C3‐builidng blocks such as lactate, via redox‐economic reaction cycles starting from cyanide (C1) and acetaldehyde (C2). We verified that Lewis acidic CO2 facilitates the formation of cyanohydrin of acetaldehyde under ambient conditions. Furthermore, selective protection of cyanohydrin to carbonate by atmospheric CO2 led to anchimeric assisted hydrolysis of the nitrile group to generate lactate. This work supports both warm pond and hydrothermal vent hypotheses, postulating that a CO2‐rich primordial atmosphere and the acidic aqueous solution could have fostered the emergence of biologically relevant molecules and life itself.
Association Between Incense Burning and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Asian Population: Meta‐Analysis of Nine Case–Control Studies
Authors: Tang Hui‐Wen , Voon Fui‐Ling , Sim Edmund Ui‐Hang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVarious studies have explored the potential association between incense burning and the risk of lung cancer. However, the findings from these studies have been inconsistent.ObjectivesThis study aimed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between incense burning and lung cancer risk in the Asian population through a meta‐analysis.MethodsThis meta‐analysis, which includes nine case–control studies conducted in Asia and identified through Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect up to January 7, 2024, was performed to evaluate the relevant literature. Using a fixed‐effects model, the pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated to determine the overall association between incense burning and lung cancer.ResultsThe results of the meta‐analysis revealed a significant association between incense burning and the development of lung cancer (pooled OR = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–1.48). Furthermore, a subgroup analysis was conducted based on smoking status. It was found that ever‐smokers had a significantly higher risk of developing lung cancer when exposed to incense burning (pooled OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.09–1.65). Both hospital‐based case–control studies (pooled OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.10–1.48) and population‐based case–control studies (pooled OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.21–1.60) yielded significant associations between incense burning and lung cancer. Limitations of this study include the lack of detailed histologic information in most of the selected studies, highlighting the need for future research to include cohort studies that can more accurately assess the association between incense smoke inhalation and specific lung cancer subtypes.ConclusionIn conclusion, the findings of this meta‐analysis, based on nine case–control studies, suggest that the risk of developing lung cancer among Asians may increase with exposure to incense burning.
Theoretical Design of a Single Cu Atom Supported on 1T‐WS2/Graphene Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: He Y. X. , Wang Z. L. , Jiang Q. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia (NO3RR) offers a promising strategy for renewable ammonia (NH3) synthesis and wastewater treatment, but still suffers from limited activity and NH3 selectivity due to the lack of effective electrocatalyst. Here, we perform a four‐steps screening strategy to screen high performance NO3RR catalyst by density functional theory calculations using 23 single transition metals atom doped on 1T‐WS2/graphene (TM@1T‐WS2/graphene) as candidates. The results show that Cu@1T‐WS2/graphene exhibits the highest NO3RR performance among 23 candidates with a low rate determining step energy barrier of 0.12 eV, which is much lower than that of the most of recently reported NO3RR catalysts. Moreover, the Cu@1T‐WS2/graphene also possesses excellent NH3 selectivity by suppressing competing hydrogen evolution reaction. This work provides a new avenue for the design of effective electrocatalysts for NO3RR.