bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributing Factors to Implementation Gaps in Rehabilitation Services in South Africa: Perspectives from health facility-level Rehabilitation Clinician-Managers
Authors: Magaqa Qhayiya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have examined health policy implementation globally. However, few studies have examined policy implementation as it relates to rehabilitation services. This study aimed to report on the factors which may be contributing to policy implementation gaps in rehabilitation services in a rural district of South Africa. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with rehabilitation providers who have both clinical and managerial duties in health facilities. The framework method was used to guide analysis. Findings suggest that gaps between rehabilitation policy and the available services may be attributable to a lack of systems hardware and the presence of maladaptive systems software. Additionally, the limited ability of rehabilitation managers to exercise their power to plan and organise rehabilitation services constrained policy implementation. The implications of this work point to the need to better include rehabilitation managers in priority setting and resource allocation processes at the level of the health facility.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of autophagy genes in cucumber
Authors: Han Yuehua , Yang Yue , Wang Yu , Elsheery Nabil Ibrahim , Ding Guohua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved physiological and developmental process in eukaryotes. In this process, damaged proteins in cells are degraded and cytoplasmic materials recycled. When plants are exposure to stress conditions or their growth and development are blocked, autophagy is induced to maintain the cell homeostasis by degrading long-lived proteins in the cells and organelles that function abnormally due to aging or damage. Cell autophagy has multiple functions in plants, it involved in growth and development, senescence, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. So far, thirty three autophagy genes (ATG) have been found in rice, and more than 30 autophagy-related genes have been found in Arabidopsis, tobacco and corn, respectively. Four autophagy genes induced by salicylic acid were found in cucumber, but a little still unknown about all of autophagy genes in cucumber genome. Our experiment fully explored the ATG gene family of cucumber genome based on bioinformatics methods and identified 20 CsATG genes. We systematically analyzed the structure, conserved motifs, expression and phylogeny relationship of these ATG genes, which lays the foundation for exploring the function of the genes.
Results

A total of 20 putative ATG genes were identified in the cucumber genome. Gene duplication analysis showed that both fragmented and tandem duplication played vital roles in the amplification of cucumber ATG gene family. Gene expression analysis showed that 16 CsATG genes were induced by the salicylic acid (SA) treatment, and 16 CsATG genes were down-regulated by Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Under high salinity stress, 10 CsATG genes were induced in roots. Under drought stress, 16 CsATG genes were induced in roots. Under carbon starvation stress, all of 20 CsATG genes were induced to express in leaves, suggesting that cell autophagy has a potential role in nutritional starvation tolerance.
Conclusion

Our results clearly have deepened our understanding of the characteristics and functions of cucumber ATG gene, and also found some new gene resources that can be used for the future development of cucumber and other crop varieties, which can resist stress.
Periodontitis-mediated Conversion of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells into Proinflammatory Interleukin 17-producing T Helper Cells
Authors: Liu Hongrui , Li Dongfang , Li Minqi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Among CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, Th17-Treg imbalance is a major pathogenesis of Chronic periodontitis (CP). Treg cells are often considered to play a protective role but they may have plasticity. This study aimed to clarify the regulatory role of Th17-Treg balance in periodontitis and further reveal Treg plasticity.Methods: An experimental periodontitis model was established by ligation of a silk thread and local injection of Pg-LPS. Inflammatory factors in serum and gingival tissues were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR. The degree of alveolar bone absorption was evaluated by micro-CT and histomorphological analysis. Quantities of Treg and Th17 cell and their related gene expression levels were examined. Furthermore, after magnetic bead-sorting spleen Treg cells, their characteristic genes and Th17 cell-related factors were explored at the mRNA level.Results: Inflammatory cytokines in serum and gingival tissue increased significantly in experimental periodontitis, which revealed obvious crestal bone loss around maxillary second molars. Consistently, we found increased secretion of RANKL by osteoblasts, thereby promoting the formation of osteoclasts and enhancing their activity in periodontitis. Further analysis showed that the number of Th17 cells and expression of related genes increased more significantly than Treg cells, demonstrating Treg-Th17 imbalance in periodontitis. Flow cytometry showed that the proportions of Treg cells in the blood and spleen of the periodontitis group was lower than those of the control group. Furthermore, Treg cell-related gene Foxp3 was downregulated and their expression of Th17 cell-related genes Rorc and IL-17A were increased. Conclusions: These results provided evidence that periodontitis may lead to Treg-Th17 conversion, although its mechanisms requires further study.
Sustained Microglial Activation in the Area Postrema of Collagen-induced Arthritis Mice: a Potential Pathway Linking Arthritis and the Brain
Authors: Matsushita Takayuki , Otani Kazuhiro , Oto Yohsuke , Takahashi Yukari , Kurosaka Daitaro , Kato Fusao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. Neuropsychological symptoms are common complications among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while it is largely unexplored how RA pathology spread to brain protected by blood-brain barrier (BBB). The sensory circumventricular organs (sCVOs) (brain regions lacking a blood–brain barrier) is the brain site that peripheral inflammatory signals, such as blood cytokines and chemokines, can directly access and modulate cell activities in the brain parenchyma. To determine whether microglia, resident immune cells in neuronal tissue, in the sCVOs can function as an interface between peripheral inflammation and brain under the autoimmune-arthritis conditions, we analyzed microglia in the sCVOs of a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).Methods. Microglial number and morphology were analyzed in the sCVOs of CIA and control mice (controls were administrated Freund’s adjuvant [FA] and/or saline). Immunostaining for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 was performed at various disease phases: “pre-onset” (post-immunization day [PID] 21), ”establishment” (PID 35), and “chronic” (PID 56 and 84). Quantitative analyses on microglial number and morphology were performed, with principal component analysis used to classify microglia. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression in microglia was also analyzed by multiple fluorescent in situ hybridization.Results. In the area postrema (AP), one of the sCVOs located in the medulla, microglia significantly increased in density (CIA, n = 15; FA, n = 6; saline: n = 10) with changes in morphology during the establishment and chronic phases. In other sCVOs (subfornical organs [SFO] and organum vasculosum laminae terminalis [OVLT]), microglial changes were not significant. In the AP microglia, non-subjective clustering classification of cell morphology (CIA, 1,256 cells; saline, 852 cells) showed that the proportion of microglia in a highly activated form was increased in the CIA group. Also, the density of IL-1β-positive microglia, a hallmark of functional activation, increased in the AP. These microglial changes in the AP persisted until the chronic phase.Conclusions. Our findings indicate that an increase and activation of microglia is sustained in the AP during chronic arthritis. This suggests that there is a direct physiological pathway linking peripheral arthritis to the brain through the AP.
Top-100 Most-cited Articles on Esophageal Cancer: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ni Wenjie , Sun Li-li , Fang Tong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background A citation classic is a highly cited work in a field and regarded as an influential contribution to the field’s advancements and literature. Analyzing citation classics and top articles promotes the recognition of research trends within a field. We present the results of the first analysis to identify the 100 most frequently cited research studies on esophageal cancer or esophagogastric junction cancer using the bibliometric analysis method. Method We searched the Web of Science on September 24, 2020. Articles were listed in descending order by the total number of citations, and the top-100 most-cited original articles on esophageal cancer or esophagogastric junction cancer were extracted and evaluated. Results The top-100 citation classics in esophageal cancer were published from 1981 to 2018. A significant increase was found in the number of citation classics from the early 1990s to the late 2000s, which was paralleled by an increase in randomized controlled trials focusing on the clinical treatment of tumors. The medians of the total and annual citations in our analysis were 444.50 (interquartile range [IQR] 346.25-684.50) and 30.08 (IQR 19.10-56.60), respectively. The majority of articles were published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology (n=26), originated in the United States (n=38) and focused on clinical therapies (n=59). The median impact factor of the journals was 27.603 (IQR 9.727-32.956). Conclusion Our analysis provides a historical perspective on the scientific progress of esophageal cancer and contributes to the recognition of important advances in this specialty.
Correlational research on facial and clinical characteristics of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Chang Shaohua , Ma Xiaomin , Li Jiying , Zhang Ruixia , fang jianqun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We examined the relationship between facial morphological features and clinical characteristics of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The enrolled study sample comprised 40 adolescents diagnosed with OCD using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory Child Version (OCI-CV) and 38 healthy controls (HCs). Facial photos, 21 facial diameters, and nine facial angles were collected using image software. In males, lower lip red height was significantly lower in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.05); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.05). In females, the nasolabial angle was smaller in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.05); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.05). The difference in lower lip red height between the OCD group and HC group was positively correlated with mental neutralization symptoms (r = 0.401, P < 0.05). Our findings highlight the relationship between facial and clinical characteristics in OCD patients.
A Nationwide Survey of Tabanidae Fauna of Cameroon
Authors: Sevidzem Silas Lendzele , Armel KOUMBA Aubin , Yao-Acapovi Geneviève Lydie L. , MAVOUNGOU Jacques François 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Tabanid flies are a neglected group of haematophagous dipterans, yet contains 4400 species, regrouped under 144 genera. They are mechanical vectors of important pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and protozoa of humans, domesticated and wild animals. As it is over 50 years since publication of a preliminary nationwide record of tabanids of Cameroon identified 84 species, updated information is provided.Objective: To provide current data on the species composition, abundance and distribution of Tabanidae of Cameroon in the 5 main agro-ecological zones (AEZs).Methods: From 2015-2017, a systematic entomological prospection using Nzi, Vavoua, Biconical and Sevi traps (N=106) was conducted in 604 trap-points over 11,448 traps days, in the 5 main AEZs of Cameroon.Results: A total of 25,280 tabanid specimens were collected, identifying 25 species with 8 not previously documented in Cameroon, including: Tabanus Latipes Macquart, 1838 (1 ♀), Tabanus ricardae Surcouf, 1906 (1 ♀), Tabanus fasciatus Fabricus, 1775 (32 ♀♀, 6♂♂), Haematopota pluvialis Linnaeus, 1758 (18 ♀♀), Haematopota decora Walker, 1850 (19 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂), Haematopota nigripennis Austen, 1914 (18 ♀♀), C. distinctipennis Austen, 1906 (47 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂) and Ancala fasciata Fabricus, 1977 (34 ♀♀, 7 ♂♂). The distribution maps of the newly identified tabanids differed between AEZs, with most from the Guinean savanna. The highest Tabanidae apparent density (ADT) was recorded in the Sudan savanna region and the mean apparent densities of species with type-localities was statistically significantly different (Student t-test=2.519, df=24, P=0.019). The highest species diversity was found in the rain forest.Conclusions: This study increased the list of Tabanidae recorded in Cameroon from 84 species in the preliminary record to 92 species, with most of the newly identified species occurring in the Guinean savanna AEZ. The high diversity and abundance of Tabanidae in the livestock/wildlife interface areas of the rain forests and Sudan savanna AEZs respectively, suggests risk of mechanical transmission risk of pathogens. Investigations of the microbiota within the Tabanidae in the different AEZs to define their role as disease vectors are proposed.
Purification and partial characterization of a thermostable peroxidase isoenzyme from Vigna sp seedlings
Authors: Mbassi Yves Mann Elate Lea , Bebandoue Marie Solange Evehe , Mbacham Wilfred Fon , Muluh John Payne 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A peroxidase isoenzyme (named A6 in a previous study) was purified from radicles of a Vigna species by a combination of gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, heat treatment, CM-cellulose chromatography and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. It has been successfully separated from other anionic isoperoxidases expressed in the same tissue. It has a molecular weight of about 41 kDa and exhibits a great activity toward the oxidation of O-dianisidine, ABTS, TMB, DAB and OPD at optimum pH (pH 3 for ABTS, pH 4 for OPD and pH 6 for the others) and toward the reduction of H2O2. Its very acid optimum pH for the oxidation of ABTS is not a characteristic of other peroxidases except African oil palm tree peroxidase. Apparent Km values for these substrates were respectively 3.50 mM, 0.12 mM, 1.81 mM, 0.05 mM, 17.22 mM and 2.53 mM; catalytic efficiencies were 5.12×104 mM-1.min-1, 2.22×106 mM-1.min-1, 1.59×105 mM-1.min-1, 1.82×105 mM-1.min-1, 3.17×105 mM-1.min-1and 1.79×106 mM-1.min-1. It has an optimum temperature of activity around 60°C, and its heat inactivation fit to the first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 3.06 weeks, 13.5 hours, 15 min and 3.5 min at 50°C, 70°C, 80°C and 90°C respectively. The calculated activation energy (E) for its thermal inactivation was found to be 221.5 KJ/mol at pH8. This peroxidase isoenzyme is stable for 4 months at room temperature, loosing only 5% of its initial activity over this period. Mg2+ inhibits the activity of the enzyme. The Ca2+ ions greatly increase the stability of this peroxidase at 80°C, while Mn2+ and Zn2+ reduce it. The enzyme is inhibited by sodium azide at concentrations above 1 µM with an IC50 value around 10 µM. This inhibition, in addition to the RZ value (A403nm/A280nm) evaluated at 2.4 confirms the presence at the active site of the enzyme of a heme group common to class III peroxidases. The unusual catalytic and thermal characteristics of A6 could make it a potent tool in several biotechnological applications, especially as part of kit for enzyme immunoassays and clinical diagnosis.
Emprego do Laser de baixa intensidade no pós-operatório de exodontia de terceiros molares
Authors: Hartmann Atuá Rodrigo , Pereira Key Fabiano Souza , Gaetti Jardim Ellen Cristina , Zafalon Edilson José , De Freitas Boscaine Evelyn , Silva Julio Cesar Leite da 
Published: March 2021

Esse estudo split mouth, duplo cego, randomizado teve como proposta avaliar o uso do Laser de baixa intensidade no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos a exodontias de terceiros molares inclusos. Os participantes receberam a mesma terapêutica farmacológica e técnica cirúrgica. Dez voluntários, com idade entre 16 e 26 anos, sem doenças locais ou sistêmicas, com terceiros molares inferiores inclusos bilateralmente, com disposição similar e extração indicada, foram submetidos a cirurgias para sua remoção. Em um grupo foi utilizado Laser vermelho 660nm após anestesia e sutura, com uma dose de 3J por 30 segundos nas faces vestibular e lingual da região operada, e no pós-operatório mediato entre 24 e 72h. O Laser infravermelho 808nm, com uma dose de 3J por 30 segundos também foi utilizado nos linfonodos logo após a cirurgia e no pós-operatório entre 24 e 72 horas, já no grupo controle o Laser não foi aplicado. Após análise estatística, realizada por meio do teste t-student pareado, os resultados mostraram diferença significativa entre os lados experimentais, mostrando melhora na dor pós-operatória, na diminuição de edema e na limitação da abertura bucal, no lado onde o Laser foi aplicado. O Laser de baixa intensidade mostrou-se eficiente no pós-operatório de exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores inclusos.
Spatiotemporal geostatistical analysis of precipitation combining ground and satellite observations
Authors: Varouchakis Emmanouil A. , Hristopulos Dionissios T. , Karatzas George P. , Corzo Perez Gerald A. , Diaz Vitali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrecipitation data are useful for the management of water resources as well as flood and drought events. However, precipitation monitoring is sparse and often unreliable in regions with complicated geomorphology. Subsequently, the spatial variability of the precipitation distribution is frequently represented incorrectly. Satellite precipitation data provide an attractive supplement to ground observations. However, satellite data involve errors due to the complexity of the retrieval algorithms and/or the presence of obstacles that affect the infrared observation capability. This work presents a methodology that combines satellite and ground observations leading to improved spatiotemporal mapping and analysis of precipitation. The applied methodology is based on space–time regression kriging. The case study refers to the island of Crete, Greece, for the time period of 2010–2018. Precipitation data from 53 stations are used in combination with satellite images for the reference period. This work introduces an improved spatiotemporal approach for precipitation mapping.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) PLANTS TO POLYAMINES UNDER LEAD STRESS
Authors: M RADY MOSTAFA , SEIF EL-YAZAL MOHAMED A , AA TAIE HANAN , MA AHMED SAFIA 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The distribution, growth, development and productivity of wheat plants are greatly affected by various abiotic stresses such as lead (Pb) stress which become one of the most abundant toxic metal in the earth crust. Under the three applied polyamine (PAs) applications, the efficiency of wheat plants to tolerate Pb2+ stress in terms of growth and yield characteristics was noticed to varying degrees.
Methods: The current study focused on the impact of 2.0 mM lead (Pb2+) on growth and performance of wheat plants before and after PAs applications. The sterilized seeds were soaked for 8 h at room temperature, either in distilled water (as a control), 0.25 mM spermine (Spm), 0.50 mM spermidine (Spd), or in 1.0 mM putrescine (Put).
Results: Point out that, better growth and yield characteristics, chlorophyll “a” (Chl-a), chlorophyll “b” (Chl-b), soluble sugars, indoles, and enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., peroxidase (POX), catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbate oxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and glutathione reductase) and the enzyme α-amylase contents were obtained with seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd, or 1.0 mM Put than those generated with seed soaking in water under 2.0 mM Pb2+ stress. In contrast, the concentration of endogenous Pb2+ was significantly reduced.
Conclusion: Among all tested PAs, 1.0 mM Put showed the best results and thus is recommended, as seed soaking, for wheat to grow well under Pb2+ stress.
THE CONTROL OF APRICOT SEED DORMANCY AND GERMINATION BY LOW TEMPERATURE TREATMENTS
Authors: SEIF EL-YAZAL SAMIR A , EI-YAZAL MOHAMED A 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Freshly harvested seeds of “Local” apricot variety were found to be dormant and did not germinate at all. A specific low-temperature stratification treatment was required to overcome seed dormancy. The most effective temperature for breaking seed dormancy, germination, and seedling growth was 5°C cold stratification (CS). Increased seed germination percentage was recorded when the period of stratification prolonged. Seedling developed from stratified seeds had better growth than those developed from non-stratified seeds.
Methods: For stratification treatments, the seeds with removed endocarp were mixed with moistened sand. Afterward, they were subjected to a period of stratification at 5°C. Seeds were stratified in pots of 30 cm×40 cm. Stratified seeds were regularly irrigated once per week. To prevent the water loss during stratification upper surface of pots was covered by a sack. The following stratification was applied for apricot variety: CS for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and15 days in 1998 and 1999 years for “Local” variety.
Results: Apricot seeds required a CS of about 15 days for “Local” variety to reach maximum germination and normal seedling growth. Moreover, when stratification period was prolonged, some of the chemical constituents of apricot seeds were increased and other was decreased. Therefore, it can be suggested that breaking of dormancy is coincided with several changes in different chemical constituents of seeds. Some of these materials increased (total, reducing and non-reducing sugars, total free amino acids, total indoles, and total and conjugated phenols) and other materials such as free phenols which decreased at seed germinations.
Conclusion: The most effective temperature for breaking seed dormancy, germination, and seedling growth was 5°C CS. Increased seed germination percentage was recorded when the period of stratification prolonged. Seedling developed from stratified seeds had better growth than those developed from non-stratified seeds.
SAFETY CLIMATE TO PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING ON CIVILIAN PILOT IN INDONESIA
Authors: AGUSTINA AMILYA , I MUSTOPO WIDURA , S SABARGUNA BOY , WANGGE GRACE , SOSROSUMIHARDJO DANARDI 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Psychological wellbeing of the pilot can affect the flight cognitive function of the pilot, thus endangering the safety of the flight. The level of wellbeing of the pilots is related to the safety climate of the pilot. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the safety climate and psychological wellbeing of civilian pilot in Indonesia.
Methods: This was an analytic study using cross-sectional method. The sample was determined by consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected by filling out questionnaires by subjects regarding the variables of the safety climate and psychological wellbeing. The data analysis used was multiple linear regression.
Results: The safety climate has a significant effect on psychological wellbeing (ß=0.921). The dimensions of the safety climate which have a significant effect are management (ß=0.135), safety systems (ß=0.143), procedures (ß=0.176), training (ß=0.153), communication (ß=0.232), and operations personnel (ß=0.185).
Conclusion: Management, safety systems, procedures, training, communication, and operations personnel have significant effects on psychological wellbeing of civilian pilot in Indonesia.