bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and inhibition of IgE antibodies reactive with cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants in an ELISA for allergen‐specific IgE in horses
Authors: Enck Kevin M. , Lee Kenneth W. , McKinney Brennan H. , Blankenship Karen D. , Montesano Cathe 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIt has been demonstrated that immunoglobulin (Ig)E specific for cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) is present in the serum of sensitized humans, dogs and cats, and that these CCD‐specific antibodies might confound serological testing.Hypothesis/ObjectiveThe objective was to determine whether or not CCD‐reactive antibodies occur in horses and to investigate the prevalence of CCD‐reactive IgE antibodies in equine sera using a monoclonal cocktail‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay designed to detect allergen‐specific IgE in horses, and to evaluate a means for successful inhibition of these CCD.Methods and materialsSera from 28 horses suspected of clinical allergy were evaluated, with and without a proprietary inhibitor which contains carbohydrates derived from bromelain (BROM‐CCD), using a panel of 72 allergens that include 15 grasses, 17 trees, nine weeds, five mites, 12 fungi, 12 insects and two environmental allergens.ResultsTwenty‐five samples were shown to be reactive to at least one of the allergens, and 15 were reactive to 10 allergens or more. BROM‐CCD had minimal effect on the mite reactivity in any of the positive samples; however, substantial inhibition for pollen allergens (trees, grasses and weeds) was demonstrable. Reduction in signal to pollens ranged from 20% to 100% for samples that were inhibited by CCD‐BROM.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese results demonstrate that CCD‐reactive IgE antibodies are evident in horses and that BROM‐CCD can be effective in reducing reactions with these irrelevant carbohydrates and will likely yield a more accurate in vitro allergen reactivity profile for selection of allergens included in an immunotherapeutic regime.
Short‐term outcomes of 59 dogs treated for ilial body fractures with locking or non‐locking plates
Authors: Petrovsky Brian , Knuth Taylor , Aponte‐Colón Cristina , Hoefle William , Kraus Karl , Naiman Jaron , Yuan Lingnan , Mochel Jonathan P. , Zellner Eric 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of plating systems on the clinical outcomes in dogs treated for ilial fractures.DesignRetrospective study.AnimalsFifty‐nine dogs (63 hemipelves).MethodsRadiographs and medical records of dogs with ilial fractures presented to Iowa State University between 2003 and 2019 were reviewed. After fracture reduction, fractures were fixed with a locking plate system (LPS) or non‐locking plate system (NLS). Perioperative, long‐term complications, and follow‐up data were recorded. The frequency of implant failure and pelvic collapse were compared using a logistic and linear regression analysis, respectively. Where the univariate test was statistically significant, a multivariate analysis across categories was performed to identify statistically different categories.ResultsLPS and NLS implants were used in 25/63 and 38/63 hemipelves, respectively. Median follow‐up time was 8 weeks (3–624 weeks). Implant failure occurred in 18/63 (29%) of fracture repairs, consisting of 17 with NLS and 1 with LPS. Revision surgery was recommended in five cases of implant failure, all with NLS. The probability of implant failure was higher when fractures were fixed with NLS (p = .0056). All other variables evaluated did not seem to influence outcome measures.ConclusionThe variable with the most influence on the outcomes of dogs treated for ilial fractures consisted of the fixation method (NLS vs. LPS). Fractures repaired with NLS were nearly 20 times more likely to fail than those repaired with LPS.Clinical RelevanceSurgeons should consider repairing ilial body fractures in dogs with LPS to reduce the risk of short‐term implant failure.
Attitudes to English in contemporary Malaysia
Authors: Ng Jia Chi , Diskin‐Holdaway Chloé 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines the attitudes that Malaysians of different backgrounds hold towards the English language in Malaysia, as well as how they perceive ‘Standard Malaysian English’ and ‘Colloquial Malaysian English’, in terms of status and solidarity. The study administered an online questionnaire, which included an embedded matched‐guise experiment, to 77 Malaysian respondents in Malaysia and Australia. Findings indicated a range of divergent and at times contradictory views of Malaysian English, illuminating how Malaysians are in different stages of acceptance of Malaysian English as a legitimate variety of English. Through an examination of individual participant responses, the study also shows that Malaysians are attuned to and hold certain stereotypes towards ‘ethnic’ varieties or ‘ethnolects’ of Malaysian English, providing insight into how issues of race and ethnicity, embedded within the broader socio‐political context and language ecology of the nation, have influenced contemporary language attitudes.
Immunoglobulin A–specific deficiency induces spontaneous inflammation specifically in the ileum
Authors: Nagaishi Takashi , Watabe Taro , Kotake Kunihiko , Kumazawa Toshihiko , Aida Tomomi , Tanaka Kohichi , Ono Ryuichi , Ishino Fumitoshi , Usami Takako , Miura Takamasa , Hirakata Satomi , Kawasaki Hiroko , Tsugawa Naoya , Yamada Daiki , Hirayama Kazuhiro , Yoshikawa Soichiro , Karasuyama Hajime , Okamoto Ryuichi , Watanabe Mamoru , Blumberg Richard S , Adachi Takahiro 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveAlthough immunoglobulin A (IgA) is abundantly expressed in the gut and known to be an important component of mucosal barriers against luminal pathogens, its precise function remains unclear. Therefore, we tried to elucidate the effect of IgA on gut homeostasis maintenance and its mechanism.DesignWe generated various IgA mutant mouse lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Then, we evaluated the effect on the small intestinal homeostasis, pathology, intestinal microbiota, cytokine production, and immune cell activation using intravital imaging.ResultsWe obtained two lines, with one that contained a <50 base pair deletion in the cytoplasmic region of the IgA allele (IgA tail-mutant; IgAtm/tm) and the other that lacked the most constant region of the IgH α chain, which resulted in the deficiency of IgA production (IgA−/−). IgA−/−exhibited spontaneous inflammation in the ileum but not the other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Associated with this, there were significantly increased lamina propria CD4+T cells, elevated productions of IFN-γ and IL-17, increased ileal segmented filamentous bacteria and skewed intestinal microflora composition. Intravital imaging using Ca2+biosensor showed that IgA−/−had elevated Ca2+signalling in Peyer’s patch B cells. On the other hand, IgAtm/tmseemed to be normal, suggesting that the IgA cytoplasmic tail is dispensable for the prevention of the intestinal disorder.ConclusionIgA plays an important role in the mucosal homeostasis associated with the regulation of intestinal microbiota and protection against mucosal inflammation especially in the ileum.
Sugar-sweetened beverage intake in adulthood and adolescence and risk of early-onset colorectal cancer among women
Authors: Hur Jinhee , Otegbeye Ebunoluwa , Joh Hee-Kyung , Nimptsch Katharina , Ng Kimmie , Ogino Shuji , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A , Chan Andrew T , Willett Walter C , Wu Kana , Giovannucci Edward , Cao Yin 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveSugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption had substantially increased across successive US birth cohorts until 2000, and adolescents and young adults under age 50 years have the highest consumption. However, the link between SSBs and early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) remains unexamined.DesignIn the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2015), we prospectively investigated the association of SSB intake in adulthood and adolescence with EO-CRC risk among 95 464 women who had reported adulthood beverage intake using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) every 4 years. A subset of 41 272 participants reported beverage intake at age 13–18 years using a validated high school-FFQ in 1998. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs.ResultsWe documented 109 EO-CRC cases. Compared with individuals who consumed <1 serving/week of SSBs in adulthood, women who consumed ≥2 servings/day had a more than doubled risk of EO-CRC (RR 2.18; 95% CI 1.10 to 4.35; ptrend=0.02), with a 16% higher risk (RR 1.16; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.36) per serving/day increase. Each serving/day increment of SSB intake at age 13–18 years was associated with a 32% higher risk of EO-CRC (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.75). Replacing each serving/day of adulthood SSB intake with that of artificially sweetened beverages, coffee, reduced fat milk or total milk was associated with a 17%–36% lower risk of EO-CRC.ConclusionHigher SSB intake in adulthood and adolescence was associated with a higher risk of EO-CRC among women. Reduction of SSB consumption among adolescents and young adults may serve as a potential strategy to alleviate the growing burden of EO-CRC.
Oncolytic adenovirus and gene therapy with EphA2-BiTE for the treatment of pediatric high-grade gliomas
Authors: Arnone Claudia Manuela , Polito Vinicia Assunta , Mastronuzzi Angela , Carai Andrea , Diomedi Francesca Camassei , Antonucci Laura , Petrilli Lucia Lisa , Vinci Maria , Ferrari Francesco , Salviato Elisa , Scarsella Marco , De Stefanis Cristiano , Weber Gerrit , Quintarelli Concetta , De Angelis Biagio , Brenner Malcolm K , Gottschalk Stephen , Hoyos Valentina , Locatelli Franco , Caruana Ignazio , Del Bufalo Francesca 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) are among the most common and incurable malignant neoplasms of childhood. Despite aggressive, multimodal treatment, the outcome of children with high-grade gliomas has not significantly improved over the past decades, prompting the development of innovative approaches.MethodsTo develop an effective treatment, we aimed at improving the suboptimal antitumor efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses (OAs) by testing the combination with a gene-therapy approach using a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) directed towards the erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma A2 receptor (EphA2), conveyed by a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector (EphA2 adenovirus (EAd)). The combinatorial approach was tested in vitro, in vivo and thoroughly characterized at a molecular level.ResultsAfter confirming the relevance of EphA2 as target in pHGGs, documenting a significant correlation with worse clinical outcome of the patients, we showed that the proposed strategy provides significant EphA2-BiTE amplification and enhanced tumor cell apoptosis, on coculture with T cells. Moreover, T-cell activation through an agonistic anti-CD28 antibody further increased the activation/proliferation profiles and functional response against infected tumor cells, inducing eradication of highly resistant, primary pHGG cells. The gene-expression analysis of tumor cells and T cells, after coculture, revealed the importance of both EphA2-BiTE and costimulation in the proposed system. These in vitro observations translated into significant tumor control in vivo, in both subcutaneous and a more challenging orthotopic model.ConclusionsThe combination of OA and EphA2-BiTE gene therapy strongly enhances the antitumor activity of OA, inducing the eradication of highly resistant tumor cells, thus supporting the clinical translation of the approach.
Neoadjuvant immunoradiotherapy results in high rate of complete pathological response and clinical to pathological downstaging in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Leidner Rom , Crittenden Marka , Young Kristina , Xiao Hong , Wu Yaping , Couey Marcus A , Patel Ashish A , Cheng Allen C , Watters Amber L , Bifulco Carlo , Morris George , Rushforth Lessli , Nemeth Shorin , Urba Walter J , Gough Michael , Bell R Bryan 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCheckpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) have been tested in the neoadjuvant setting for the treatment of locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, response rates are modest. We hypothesized that adding stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to anti-PD-1 would be safe prior to definitive surgical resection and would enhance pathological response compared with historical cohorts of patients with locoregionally advanced HNSCC treated with checkpoint inhibitor alone.MethodsThe Neoadjuvant Immuno-Radiotherapy Trial was an investigator-initiated single institution phase Ib clinical trial that enrolled patients with previously untreated locally advanced HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC between 2018 and 2019. Eligible patients were treated with neoadjuvant SBRT at a total dose of either 40 Gy in 5 fractions or 24 Gy in 3 fractions, delivered in a 1-week timespan, with or without nivolumab, prior to definitive surgical resection. Patients were then planned for treatment with adjuvant nivolumab for 3 months. The primary safety endpoint was unplanned delay in surgery considered to be at least possibly related to neoadjuvant treatment. The primary efficacy endpoints included pathological complete response (pCR), major pathological response (mPR), and the rate of clinical to pathological downstaging after neoadjuvant treatment.ResultsTwenty-one patients underwent neoadjuvant treatment, which was well tolerated and did not delay surgery, thus meeting the primary endpoint. Tissue responses were characterized by robust inflammatory infiltrates in the regression bed, plasma cells and cholesterol clefts. Among the entire study group, the mPR and pCR rate was 86% and 67%, respectively. Clinical to pathological downstaging occurred in 90% of the patients treated.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that radiation delivered only to the gross tumor volume combined with immunotherapy was safe, resulted in a high rate of mPR and should be further evaluated as a locally focused neoadjuvant therapy for patients with head and neck cancer.Trial registration numberThis study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03247712) and is active, but closed to patient accrual.
Determinants of LV dP/dtmaxand QRS duration with different fusion strategies in cardiac resynchronisation therapy
Authors: Odland Hans Henrik , Holm Torbjørn , Gammelsrud Lars Ove , Cornelussen Richard , Kongsgaard Erik 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundWe designed this study to assess the acute effects of different fusion strategies and left ventricular (LV) pre-excitation/post-excitation on LV dP/dtmaxand QRS duration (QRSd).MethodsWe measured LV dP/dtmaxand QRSd in 19 patients having cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT). Two groups of biventricular pacing were compared: pacing the left ventricle (LV) with FUSION with intrinsic right ventricle (RV) activation (FUSION), and pacing the LV and RV with NO FUSION with intrinsic RV activation. In the NO FUSION group, the RV was paced before the expected QRS onset. A quadripolar LV lead enabled distal, proximal and multipoint pacing (MPP). The LV was stimulated relative in time to either RV pace or QRS-onset in four pre-excitation/post-excitation classes (PCs). We analysed the interactions of two groups (FUSION/NO FUSION) with three different electrode configurations, each paced with four different degrees of LV pre-excitation (PC1–4) in a statistical model.ResultsLV dP/dtmaxwas higher with NO FUSION than with FUSION (769±46 mm Hg/s vs 746±46 mm Hg/s, p<0.01), while there was no difference in QRSd (NO FUSION 156±2 ms and FUSION 155±2 ms). LV dP/dtmaxand QRSd increased with LV pre-excitation compared with pacing timed to QRS/RV pace-onset regardless of electrode configuration. Overall, pacing LV close to QRS-onset (FUSION) with MPP shortened QRSd the most, while LV dP/dtmaxincreased the most with LV pre-excitation.ConclusionWe show how a beneficial change in QRSd dissociates from the haemodynamic change in LV dP/dtmaxwith different biventricular pacing strategies. In this study, LV pre-excitation was the main determinant of LV dP/dtmax, while QRSd shortens with optimal resynchronisation.
Impact of emergency medical service delays on time to reperfusion and mortality in STEMI
Authors: Alrawashdeh Ahmad , Nehme Ziad , Williams Brett , Smith Karen , Brennan Angela , Dinh Diem T , Liew Danny , Lefkovits Jeffrey , Stub Dion 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between emergency medical service (EMS) delay time, overall time to reperfusion and clinical outcome in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of 2976 patients with STEMI who presented to EMS and underwent PPCI between January 2014 and December 2017. We performed multivariable logistic models to assess the relationship between EMS delay time and 30-day mortality and to identify factors associated with system delay time.ResultsEMS delay time accounted for the first half of total system delay (median=59 min (IQR=48–77)). Compared with those who survived, those who died had longer median EMS delay times (59 (IQR=11–74) vs 74 (IQR=57–98), p<0.001). EMS delay time was independently associated with a higher risk of mortality (adjusted OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.40, for every 30 min increase), largely driven by complicated patients with cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. Independent predictors of longer EMS delay times were older age, women, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, prehospital notification and intensive care management. Although longer EMS delay times were associated with shorter door-to-balloon times, total system delay times increased with increasing EMS delay times.ConclusionIncreasing EMS delay times, particularly those result from haemodynamic complications, increase total time to reperfusion and are associated with 30-day mortality after STEMI. All efforts should be made to monitor and reduce EMS delay times for timely reperfusion and better outcome.
Gravitational waves in neutrino plasma and NANOGrav signal
Authors: Pandey Arun Kumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe recent finding of the gravitational wave (GW) signal by the NANOGrav collaboration in the nHZ frequency range has opened up the door for the existence of stochastic GWs. In the present work, we have argued that in a hot dense neutrino asymmetric plasma, GWs could be generated due to the instability caused by the finite difference in the number densities of the different species of the neutrinos. The generated GWs have amplitude and frequency in the sensitivity range of the NANOGrav observation. We have shown that the GWs generated by this mechanism could be one of the possible explanations for the observed NANOGrav signal. We have also discussed generation of GWs in an inhomogeneous cosmological neutrino plasma, where GWs are generated when neutrinos enter a free streaming regime. We show that the generated GWs in an inhomogeneous neutrino plasma cannot explain the observed NANOGrav signal. We have also calculated the lower bound on magnetic fields’ strength using the NANOGrav signal and found that to explain the signal, the magnetic fields’ strength should have at least value $$\sim 10^{-12}$$

∼

10

-
12

G at an Mpc length scale.
A Modified Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tenodesis with the Sauvé-Kapandji Procedure
Authors: Kim Jongmin , Van Royen Kjell , Tsai Tsu-Min 
Published: May 2021

Background: Since the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure was introduced in 1936, many modifications were created using dynamic stabilizer, such as the ECU (extensor carpi ulnaris), the FCU (flexor carpi ulnaris), pronator teres to solve proximal ulnar stump pain. We believe that this modification is also another option for distal ulnar stump instability. Methods: From January 1998 to February 2017, there were 13 patients received the Sauvé-Kapandji (S-K) procedure with tenodesis of the ECU to the carpus and interosseous membrane. The average age at operation was 52 years (range, 28 to 63 years). Four had traumatic arthritis (two from distal radial fracture malunion, two had instability of distal radioulnar joint from Essex-Lopresti injury), four had primary osteoarthritis of the distal radio-ulnar joint, two had rheumatoid arthritis, one had gouty arthritis, two had madelung deformity. The average follow-up was 30 months (range, 15 to 72 months). Results: Postoperative pronation/supination of the forearm had significantly improved with the exception of the wrist flexion/extension. After surgery, the mean radioulnar distance was narrowed from 11 mm to 9 mm, but no significant difference in 12 patients. All patients had improved in wrist pain, 10 patients had no pain and 3 patients with mild pain over the distal ulnar stump. The mean grip strength had significantly improved from 51% of the contralateral side to 75%. The lateral and stress X-ray films showed no instability of the distal ulnar stump after surgery. Conclusions: In conclusion, the modified S-K procedure using the tenodesis of ECU provides a multi-directional stability and is a reliable surgical procedure for distal radioulnar disorders.
The Impact of Scaphoid Malunion on Carpal Motion: An In-Vitro Analysis
Authors: Chambers Spencer B. , Padmore Clare E. , Fan Stacy , Grewal Ruby , Johnson James , Suh Nina 
Published: May 2021

Background: The clinical significance of scaphoid malunion is debated and its effect on wrist kinematics is poorly understood. Alterations to scaphoid morphology in other pathologies result in significant sequelae and arthrosis. By understanding the impact of scaphoid malunion on carpal kinematics, better insight can be garnered to inform models of wrist motion and clinical treatment of this injury. Methods: Seven cadaveric upper extremities underwent active wrist flexion and extension in a custom motion wrist simulator with scaphoid kinematics being captured with respect to the distal radius. A three-stage protocol of progressive simulated malunion severity was performed [intact, 10° malunion (Mal 10°), 20° malunion (Mal 20°)] with data analyzed from 45° wrist extension to 45° wrist flexion. Scaphoid malunions were modelled by creating successive volar wedge osteotomies and reducing the resultant scaphoid fragments with two 0.062” Kirshner wires. Motion of the scaphoid, lunate, trapezium-trapezoid was recorded using optical trackers. Results: Increasing scaphoid malunion severity did not significantly affect scaphoid or trapezium-trapezoid motion (p > 0.05); however, it did significantly alter lunate motion (p < 0.001). Increasing malunion severity resulted in progressive lunate extension across wrist motion (Intact – Mal 10°: mean difference (mean dif.) = 7.1° ± 1.6, p < 0.05; Intact – Mal 20°: mean dif. = 10.2° ± 2.0, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this in-vitro model, increasing scaphoid malunion severity was associated with progressive extension of the lunate in all wrist positions. The clinical significance of this motion change is yet to be elucidated, but this model serves as a basis for understanding the kinematic consequences of scaphoid malunion deformities.