bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Measurement Affect the Gender Gap in Political Partisanship?
Authors: Krupnikov Yanna , Style Hillary , Yontz Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There is a partisan gender gap in American politics: women are more likely than men to identify as Democrats. Relying on an experiment that randomly assigns measures of partisanship, Burden (2008) finds that part of this gap can be explained by question-wording effects: when partisanship measures prime affect—rather than cognition—women are significantly more likely to identify as Republicans, significantly decreasing the partisan gender gap. Given recent changes in the salience of both gender and partisanship in American politics, we revisit the possibility that measurement can affect the size of the partisan gender gap. Using a pre-registered replication of Burden (2008), we do not find consistent evidence that changes in the wording of the partisanship question can significantly alter the size of the partisan gender gap. Contrary to Burden (2008), our data show that measures of partisanship that prime affect do not lead women to be more likely to identify as Republicans. Rather, these measures lead women of both parties to be more likely to identify as independent—a pattern that leaves the partisan gender gap in place, but suggests that both parties may be losing women.
Comparison and validation of FDG-PET/CT scores for polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: van der Geest Kornelis S M , van Sleen Yannick , Nienhuis Pieter , Sandovici Maria , Westerdijk Nynke , Glaudemans Andor W J M , Brouwer Elisabeth , Slart Riemer H J A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare and validate the diagnostic accuracy of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT scores for PMR; and to explore their association with clinical factors.MethodsThis retrospective study included 39 consecutive patients diagnosed with PMR and 19 PMR comparators. The final clinical diagnosis was established after 6 months follow-up. Patients underwent FDG-PET/CT prior to glucocorticoid treatment. Visual grading of FDG uptake was performed at 30 anatomic sites. Three FDG-PET/CT scores (the Leuven Score, two Besançon Scores) and two algorithms (the Saint-Etienne and Heidelberg Algorithms) were investigated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with area under the curve (AUC) was performed. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed at predefined cut-off points.ResultsAll three FDG-PET/CT scores showed high diagnostic accuracy for a clinical diagnosis of PMR in the ROC analysis (AUC 0.889–0.914). The Leuven Score provided a sensitivity of 89.7% and specificity of 84.2% at its predefined cut-off point. A simplified Leuven Score showed similar diagnostic accuracy to that of the original score. The Besançon Scores showed limited specificity at their predefined cut-off points (i.e. 47.4% and 63.2%), while ROC analysis suggested that substantially higher cut-off points are needed for these scores. The Heidelberg and Saint-Etienne Algorithms demonstrated high sensitivity, but lower specificity (i.e. 78.9% and 42.1%, respectively) for PMR. Female sex and presence of large-vessel vasculitis were associated with lower FDG-PET/CT scores in patients with PMR.ConclusionThe Leuven Score showed the highest diagnostic utility for PMR. A modified, concise version of the Leuven Score provided similar diagnostic accuracy to that of the original score.
A STUDY ON THE RADIATION DOSE DUE TO DISSOLVED 222RN IN WATER SAMPLES OF MANDYA CITY, KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: Narasimhamurthy K N , Ashok G V , Shashi Kumar T S , Nagaiah N , Kumar M B Karthik 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Measurement of dissolved radon concentrations in the water samples collected from selected borewells (depth ~300 ft), wells (depth ~25 ft) and overhead tanks (height ~30 ft) of Mandya city, Karnataka, India, has been carried out by using Emanometry method. The radon concentrations in the waters of borewell, well and overhead tank ranges from 1.5 ± 0.1 to 102.8 ± 5.1, 1.3 ± 0.1 to 3.8 ± 0.4 and 2.5 ± 0.2 to 9.7 ± 1.1 Bq l−1 with the mean values of 16.8, 2.5 and 6.2 Bq l−1, respectively. Majority of borewell water samples showed higher concentrations of dissolved 222Rn compared to waters of well and overhead tank. The overall mean value of dissolved radon concentration of 12.2 Bq l−1 is found to be close to the maximum contaminant level of 11 Bq l−1 suggested by US Environment Protection Agency. The physicochemical parameters like pH, TDS and conductivity were also measured, and dependence of dissolved 222Rn on these parameters has been studied. Using the mean value of dissolved radon concentration, a new attempt has been made to compute the doses imparted to different organs and tissues of the human body. Dosimetric calculations showed that stomach and small intestine receive greater doses due to dissolved radon compared to other organs.
Quality of Life Changes After Surgery for Metastatic Spinal Disease
Authors: Paulino Pereira Nuno R. , Groot Olivier Q. , Verlaan Jorrit-Jan , Bongers Michiel E.R. , Twining Peter K. , Kapoor Neal D. , van Dijk Cornelis N. , Schwab Joseph H. , Bramer Jos A.M. 
Published: June 2021

Study Design:
This was a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective:
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the quality of life (QoL) after open surgery for spinal metastases, and how surgery affects physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being.

Summary of Background Data:
It remains questionable to what extent open surgery improves QoL for metastatic spinal disease, it would be interesting to quantify the magnitude and duration of QoL benefits—if any—after surgery for spinal metastases.

Materials and Methods:
Included were studies measuring QoL before and after nonpercutaneous, open surgery for spinal metastases for various indications including pain, spinal cord compression, instability, or tumor control. A random-effect model assessed standardized mean differences (SMDs) of summary QoL scores between baseline and 1, 3, 6, or 9–12 months after surgery.

Results:
The review yielded 10 studies for data extraction. The pooled QoL summary score improved from baseline to 1 month (SMD=1.09, P<0.001), to 3 months (SMD=1.28, P<0.001), to 6 months (SMD=1.21, P<0.001), and to 9–12 months (SMD=1.08, P=0.001). The surgery improved physical well-being during the first 3 months (SMD=0.94, P=0.022), improved emotional (SMD=1.19, P=0.004), and functional well-being (SMD=1.08, P=0.005) during the first 6 months, and only improved social/family well-being at month 6 (SMD=0.28, P=0.001).

Conclusions:
The surgery improved QoL for patients with spinal metastases, and rapidly improved physical, emotional, and functional well-being; it had minimal effect on social/family well-being. However, choosing the optimal candidate for surgical intervention in the setting of spinal metastases remains paramount: otherwise postoperative morbidity and complications may outbalance the intended benefits of surgery. Future research should report clear definitions of selection criteria and surgical indication and provide stratified QoL results by indication and clinical characteristics such as primary tumor type, preoperative Karnofsky, and Bilsky scores to elucidate the optimal candidate for surgical intervention.
Aesthetic Outcomes of Perineal Reconstruction with the Lotus Petal Flap
Authors: Hellinga Joke , Fleer Joke , van der Lei Berend , Werker Paul M.N. , van Etten Boudewijn , Stenekes Martin W. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The lotus petal flap can be applied for reconstruction of extensive defects in the vulvoperineal area. Studies on aesthetic outcomes are lacking. This study aimed to fill this gap.

Methods:
All patients who underwent lotus petal flap reconstruction between October 2011 and December 2015 were asked permission to have their photographs used. Two questionnaires were used: (1) the Strasser score to assess the overall aesthetic results (range 0–15) and (2) the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS; range 6–60). Six plastic surgeons and 6 laymen filled in the Strasser score and the Observer scale of the POSAS. Patients filled in the Strasser score, the Patient scale of the POSAS and scored their overall satisfaction with the aesthetic results on a Likert scale (0–10).

Results:
The photographs of 11 patients were included. The median Strasser score of all observers of 11.9 (range 0.0–75.0) indicated a mediocre aesthetic result. The median total POSAS score of 15.6 (range 6.0–41.0) indicated an aesthetically acceptable scar. Strasser and POSAS scores of the plastic surgeons and laymen did not differ significantly from the patients’ scores. The patient satisfaction score with the aesthetic result was a median of 6.0 of 10.

Conclusions:
The findings indicate that, overall, patients were moderately satisfied with the aesthetic results of their lotus petal flap reconstructions, as were the plastic surgeons and laymen. For clinical practice, it is important that the plastic surgeon manages expectations carefully before surgery, as it is possible that patients might experience a rather low aesthetic outcome after perineal reconstruction.
Implant Delivery Technique for Prepectoral Reconstruction after Endoscopic-assisted Nipple-sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Yang Ho Jik , Ko Geonil , Kim Joo-Hak , Lee Jinsun , Oh Sang-Ha 
Published: June 2021

Summary:
Prepectoral breast reconstruction through a small axillary incision during endoscopic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy or robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy is difficult. Cases involving implants covered with an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) are particularly difficult. Therefore, a new delivery technique for ADM-covered implants is needed. The ADM pocket for complete coverage of the implant is made with double-crossed ADMs. The pocket end is open and sutured at the funnel entry. After insetting the ADM pocket at the mastectomy site through an axillary incision, the implant is delivered from a funnel to the ADM pocket by squeezing. Prepectoral breast reconstruction with the new delivery technique for implants covered with ADM pockets proved easy and safe. Our new implant delivery technique could be a good option for prepectoral breast reconstruction after minimal breast surgery.
Anterolateral Thigh and Vascularized-tensor Fascia Lata Flaps for Long-gap Achilles Tendon Reconstruction
Authors: Winaikosol Kengkart , Surakunprapha Palakorn 
Published: June 2021

Summary:
We demonstrated our surgical technique of 8-cm segmental loss Achilles tendon reconstruction and repair of posterior heel skin and soft tissue defects with composite anterolateral thigh and 4-layer folding vascularized-tensor fasciae latae flaps of a 15-year-old adolescent boy’s post-traumatic injury and infection after primary repair. This technique highlights the ease of harvesting the flap, short operative time, and facilitation of the strong and sustainable motion of the Achilles tendon after reconstruction.
Characteristics, Risk Factors and Predictors for Candidemia in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at the University Hospital Centre Zagreb in Croatia
Authors: Matic Toni , Novak Milivoj , Braovac Duje , Vinkovic Maja , Cicak Ana Marija , Milosevic Milan , Galic Slobodan , Cvitkovic Miran , Rubic Filip , Ille Vanja , Plesko Sanja 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Candidemia is one of the leading causes of bloodstream infections in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The aim of this study was to define characteristics and risk factors for candidemia in the PICU setting and propose a predictive model to identify the patients at risk.

Methods:
This was a retrospective matched case-control study in the PICU during a 9-year period. Patients with candidemia were studied and matched with control patients without candidemia. Univariate analysis was performed for potential risk factors and multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the prediction score for candidemia.

Results:
Forty-two cases of candidemia were matched with 84 control patients. Candida parapsilosis was the most common (71.4%) species. Risk factors independently associated with candidemia were: the use of >2 antibiotics in a maximum period of 4 weeks before the candidemia (odds ratio [OR]: 10.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.05–54.83), a previous bacterial infection in a maximum period of 4 weeks before the candidemia (OR: 5.56; 95% CI: 1.44–21.5) and the duration of PICU stay of >10 days (OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 1.02–17.41). The proposed predictive scoring system has a sensitivity of 95.24%, specificity of 76.12%, OR 64.0, 95% CI 14.2–288.6, the positive predictive value of 66.67% and the negative predictive value of 96.97%.

Conclusions:
Previously reported risk factors for candidemia have been confirmed and some new have been detected. The presented scoring system can help identify patients who would benefit from prophylactic antifungal therapy.
A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of apolipoprotein C3 polymorphisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Chen Bing-Feng , Chien Yeuh , Tsai Pin-Hsing , Perng Pang-Chung , Yang Yi-Ping , Hsueh Kuan-Chun , Liu Chia-Hung , Wang Yuan-Hung 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The relationship between apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) gene polymorphisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk has been investigated in many studies, with inconclusive findings. This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of APOC3 promoter region polymorphisms (−455T/C and −482C/T) on NAFLD susceptibility.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of eligible studies up to October 2020 was performed on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. No restriction was imposed on language, publication date, or publication status. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the combined effect sizes. The levels of heterogeneity, sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias were analyzed subsequently.

Results:
This meta-analysis included eight studies, consisting of 1,511 patients with NAFLD and 1,900 controls fulfilling the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The pooled analysis showed significant associations between APOC3 −455T/C polymorphism and NAFLD risk in allelic (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.05-1.67), dominant (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.04-1.72), and recessive (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.06-2.40) models. Ethnicity-based stratification showed that −455T/C polymorphism was significantly associated with NAFLD risk in the non-Asian but not in the Asian population. No association was evident between −482C/T polymorphism and NAFLD risk.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that APOC3 promoter region polymorphism −455T/C may be associated with NAFLD risk in the non-Asian but not in the Asian population. Additional studies with other functional polymorphisms are needed to discover APOC3 gene effects on NAFLD.
Use of modified-NUTRIC score to assess nutritional risk in surgical intensive care unit
Authors: Lin Pi-Yi , Yen Yu-Tong , Lam Chee-Tat , Li Kuan-Chen , Lu Ming-Jen , Hsu Han-Shui 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (m-NUTRIC) score is used to evaluate the nutritional risk of patients in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to investigate whether m-NUTRIC can be used as a predictive factor related to the outcome of patients in surgical ICU (SICU) and to identify which patients will benefit from aggressive nutritional intervention according to the results of m-NUTRIC score.

Methods:
A total of 205 patients who were admitted to surgical ICU (SICU) with ventilator use for more than 24 hours were enrolled. The m-NUTRIC score data were calculated the day when the patients were admitted to SICU. Patients were divided into two groups according to their m-NUTRIC score: the low-risk group (<5 points, 116 patients) and the high risk group (≥5 points, 89 patients).

Results:
In this study, a total of 205 patients were enrolled for analysis, including patients in the low-risk group (n = 116) and those in the high risk group (n = 89). The mean duration of ventilator use was 3.6 ± 6.5 days, and average SICU stays for all patients was 5.1 ± 7.4 days. The SICU mortality was significantly higher in the high-risk group (10.3% vs 1.7%). Comparison between survivals and nonsurvivals was carried out, and the data showed that the AKI, Vasopressors, SOFA, APACHE-II, m-NUTRIC score, and shock patient were all significantly associated with higher mortality. The multivariate analysis revealed that acute kidney injury (OR = 13.16; 95% confidence intervals = 3.69–46.92; p < 0.0001) and m-NUTRIC score were independent factors of ICU mortality in these patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the area under the curve, which was 0.801. The data indicated that high m-NUTRIC score were significantly associated with SICU mortality with the cutoff score > 4 (sensitivity = 90.5%, specificity = 62.3%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
We found in this study that the high m-NUTRIC score is an independent factor of ICU mortality, and m-NUTRIC score can be used as an initial screening tool for nutritional assessment in patients admitted to surgical ICU. Further investigations to evaluate whether the aggressive nutritional intervention would be beneficial in the SICU patients with higher m-NUTRIC score is mandatory.
Progress in the Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma to Treat Vitiligo and Melasma
Authors: Ding Xian , Liu Sheng-Xiu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There have been numerous therapeutic innovations in the field of dermatology during the past decade. Of these, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has recently aroused significant interest, particularly in treating acne scars and alopecia, and in skin rejuvenation. In contrast, less attention has been paid to the use of PRP as a treatment for other dermatologic conditions, such as vitiligo and melasma. The objective of this literature review was to focus on conditions of pigmented dermatosis and consolidate the available evidence regarding PRP usage for the practicing dermatologist. We reviewed the relevant literature on PRP treatment on vitiligo and melasma, and concluded that PRP has a significant improvement in pigmented dermatosis. Although numerous studies support the use of PRP, more research is needed to standardize the protocols for obtaining, processing, and applying PRP, as well as to determine the biological and molecular bases of its function.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Solanki Shantanu , Kichloo Asim , Dahiya Dushyant S. , Solanki Dhanshree , Singh Jagmeet , Wani Farah , Albosta Michael , Ghimire Subash , Haq Khwaja F. , Khan Hafiz M.A. , Jafri Syed-Mohammed , Siddiqui Mohammad Arsalan , Zuchelli Tobias 
Published: June 2021

Goals:
We aimed to assess outcomes of patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent therapeutic or diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to determine whether these patients had different outcomes relative to patients without cirrhosis.

Background:
ERCP is an important procedure for treatment of biliary and pancreatic disease. However, ERCP is relatively technically difficult to perform when compared with procedures such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy. Little is known about how ERCP use affects patients with liver cirrhosis.

Study:
Using patient records from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, we identified adult patients who underwent ERCP between 2009 and 2014 using International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision coding and stratified data into 2 groups: patients with liver cirrhosis and those without liver cirrhosis. We compared baseline characteristics and multiple outcomes between groups and compared outcomes of diagnostic versus therapeutic ERCP in patients with cirrhosis. A multivariate regression model was used to estimate the association of cirrhosis with ERCP outcomes.

Results:
A total of 1,038,258 hospitalizations of patients who underwent ERCP between 2009 and 2014 were identified, of which 31,294 had cirrhosis and 994,681 did not have cirrhosis. Of the patients with cirrhosis, 21,835 (69.8%) received therapeutic ERCP and 9459 (30.2%) received diagnostic ERCP. Patients with cirrhosis had more ERCP-associated hemorrhages (2.5% vs. 1.2%; P<0.0001) compared with noncirrhosis patients but had lower incidence of perforations (0.1% vs. 0.2%; P<0.0001) and post-ERCP pancreatitis (8.6% vs. 7%; P<0.0001). Cholecystitis was the same between groups (2.3% vs. 2.3%; P<0.0001). In patients with cirrhosis, those who received therapeutic ERCP had higher post-ERCP pancreatitis (7.9% vs. 5.1%; P<0.0001) and ERCP-associated hemorrhage (2.7% vs. 2.1%; P<0.0001) but lower incidences of perforation and cholecystitis (0.1% vs. 0.3%; P<0.0001) and cholecystitis (1.9 vs. 3.1%; P<0.0001) compared with those who received diagnostic ERCP.

Conclusions:
Use of therapeutic ERCP in patients with liver cirrhosis may lead to higher risk of complications such as pancreatitis and postprocedure hemorrhage, whereas diagnostic ERCP may increase the risk of pancreatitis and cholecystitis in patients with cirrhosis. Comorbidities in cirrhosis patients may increase the risk of post-ERCP complications and mortality; therefore, use of ERCP in cirrhosis patients should be carefully considered, and further studies on this patient population are needed.
Diversity in orthopaedic trauma: where we are and where we need to be
Authors: Ortega Gil , Benson Emily , Pierrie Sarah N. , McLaurin Toni M. , Tejwani Nirmal C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Diversity has multiple dimensions, and individuals’ interpretation of diversity varies broadly. The Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) leadership recognized the need to address issues of diversity within the organization and appointed the OTA Diversity Committee in 2020. The OTA Diversity Committee has produced a statement that was confirmed by the OTA's board of directors reflecting the organization's position on diversity: “The OTA promotes and values diversity and inclusion at all levels with the goal of creating an environment where every member has the opportunity to excel in leadership, education, and culturally-competent orthopaedic trauma care.” The OTA Diversity Committee surveyed its 1907 OTA members in the United States and Canada to assess its membership's attitudes toward and interpretation of this important topic.

Methods:
Two surveys were distributed. One 15-question survey was sent to 1907 OTA members with different membership categories in the United States and Canada requesting basic demographic information and asking how members felt about the degree to which women and underrepresented minorities (URM) are represented within the OTA and within its leadership. A second 11-question survey was sent to 30 past chairs of 2017–2019 OTA educational courses and meetings evaluating their criteria for choosing faculty for OTA courses. Comments were reviewed and summarized to identify recurring themes.

Results:
Two hundred seven responses from the membership and 14 from course chairs were received from the 1907 surveys that were emailed to OTA members in the United States and Canada. The results reveal awareness of the limited female and URM representation within the OTA. However, there is disagreement in how or even whether this should be addressed at an organizational level. Review of comments from both surveys reveals a number of common themes on these important topics.

Conclusion:
The members and course chairs surveyed recognize that there is limited diversity at the OTA leadership and faculty level. Many members feel that the OTA would benefit from increasing female and URM representation in committees, within the leadership, and as faculty at OTA-sponsored courses. However, survey comments reveal that many members and course chairs feel it is not the organization's role to regulate diversity and that diversity initiatives themselves may introduce an unnecessary form of bias.