bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Pearls for Breast Reconstruction in Low BMI Asian Women With the Profunda Artery Perforator Flap
Authors: Wong Allen Wei‐Jiat , Cheong David Chon‐Fok , Kuo Wen‐Ling , Chen Chia‐Fang , Huang Jung‐Ju 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is currently the gold standard for autologous breast reconstruction. In cases where the DIEP is contraindicated, the profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap is now the preferred second‐line option in our institution. The PAP flap poses unique challenges to the reconstructive surgeon, especially in Asian women with low body mass index (BMI). Herein, we share the unique technical pearls when performing breast reconstruction in this population.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort studies, where data were collected on all consecutive patients who underwent breast reconstruction by the senior author, from June 2015 to February 2023. Only patients who underwent the PAP free flap reconstructions were included in this study. The PAP flap design was based on the transverse pattern in the upper medial third of the thigh. The flap is inset in the transverse fashion in the mastectomy pocket, utilizing either the internal mammary pedicle, lateral thoracic pedicle, or the thoracodorsal pedicle.ResultsA total of 32 free PAP flaps were performed for 31 Asian patients. The average age was 39.5 years old (range 25–60), and the average BMI was 21.3 (range 18.5–27.4). An average of 5.0 of myocutaneous perforators (range 1–7) can be identified in each donor site. The average flap was 7.8 cm wide (range 6–10), 21.3 cm long (range 15–30), weighing 259.6 g (range 145–555), with an average of 1.3 perforators (range 1–3) and a pedicle length 5.9 cm (range 4–10). The critical steps to a successful reconstruction with the PAP flap lie with the appropriate patient selection, pre‐operative imaging, flap design, inset, and donor site management.ConclusionsEast Asian women tend to have lower BMI and smaller breasts and are good candidates for the PAP flap.
Perspectives of UK Physiotherapists With Expertise in Rheumatology on the Barriers and Facilitators Influencing the Identification of Axial Spondyloarthritis by First Contact Practitioners in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jones Carissa , Greene Gerard 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAxial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) poses a significant diagnostic challenge to health care professionals, with opportunities for early recognition often being missed in primary care. With musculoskeletal First Contact Practitioners (FCPs) rapidly becoming common place in primary care settings, the question is raised as to whether FCPs are adequately considering axSpA as a potential diagnosis. Swift recognition and timely referral are the antecedents to early diagnosis and better outcomes for people with suspected axSpA; therefore, it is imperative that FCPs can readily identify this condition. To date, no research has been conducted to thoroughly understand the determinants influencing axSpA identification by FCPs specifically.AimTo explore perceived barriers and facilitators to axSpA identification by FCPs in primary care according to UK physiotherapists with rheumatology expertise.MethodA qualitative research design was undertaken using a constructivist methodological approach. Data were collected via virtual semi‐structured interviews and analysed using a grounded theory coding strategy to identify key themes.ResultsTen physiotherapists with expertise in rheumatology were recruited using purposive sampling. Four themes pertaining to barriers were identified: (1) disease‐specific factors, (2) patient factors, (3) clinician factors, and (4) system factors. Five themes relating to facilitators emerged: (1) education and training, (2) axSpA screening, (3) referral pathways, (4) clinical governance around the FCP role, and (5) peer support.ConclusionStudy findings highlight a multitude of barriers that may impede the identification of axSpA by FCPs. Participants also proposed several solutions to help overcome these obstacles, thereby facilitating earlier diagnosis for individuals with the condition.
High‐Speed Video Blink Analysis Improves Detection of Facial Palsy in Early Guillain‐Barré Syndrome
Authors: Winkel Antony , Sanders Lauren , Cook Mark , Roberts Leslie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsElectrophysiological investigations in early Guillain‐Barré Syndrome (GBS) can be nondiagnostic. Improved testing for facial weakness in the early phase of GBS may improve diagnostic processes, as such weakness is found in approximately 50% of patients with GBS. This work pilots the utility of high‐speed video analysis to complement blink reflex testing in early GBS.MethodsThis work prospectively evaluated consecutive patients admitted to a metropolitan teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia, with suspected acute GBS within the first 14 days of neurological symptoms and compared them to a cohort of healthy controls. Blink reflex testing, mechanically‐activated masseter reflexes, and analysis of high‐speed video recordings of the evoked blinks were performed at admission (day 0), day 7, and day 21 (±2 days).Results19 suspected GBS patients (12 GBS and 7 mimics) were compared to 22 healthy controls. At the first test, 83% of GBS patients and 29% of mimics demonstrated blink reflex abnormalities. 50% of GBS manifested video abnormalities (14% mimics), but abnormalities preceded electrophysiological changes in two GBS patients. The calculated reference values for peak lid velocity and lid excursion by video analysis were ~160 mm/s and 7–8 mm, respectively, with slightly different values for ipsilateral versus contralateral responses.DiscussionCombining high‐speed video analysis and blink reflex testing improves the detection of facial involvement in early GBS and helps discriminate from mimic disorders. Further work in a larger cohort is required to validate the sensitivity and specificity of this technique.
Data Augmentation for the POD Formulation of the Parametric Laminar Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Muixí Alba , Zlotnik Sergio , Giacomini Matteo , Díez Pedro 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA posteriori reduced‐order models (ROM), for example, based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), are essential to affordably tackle realistic parametric problems. They rely on a trustful training set, that is a family of full‐order solutions (snapshots) representative of all possible outcomes of the parametric problem. Having such a rich collection of snapshots is not, in many cases, computationally viable. A strategy for data augmentation, designed for parametric laminar incompressible flows, is proposed to enrich poorly populated training sets. The goal is to include in the new, artificial snapshots emerging features, not present in the original basis, that do enhance the quality of the reduced basis (RB) constructed using POD dimensionality reduction. The methodologies devised are based on exploiting basic physical principles, such as mass and momentum conservation, to construct physically relevant, artificial snapshots at a fraction of the cost of additional full‐order solutions. Interestingly, the numerical results show that the ideas exploiting only mass conservation (i.e., incompressibility) are not producing significant added value with respect to the standard linear combinations of snapshots. Conversely, accounting for the linearized momentum balance via the Oseen equation does improve the quality of the resulting approximation and therefore is an effective data augmentation strategy in the framework of viscous incompressible laminar flows. Numerical experiments of parametric flow problems, in two and three dimensions, at low and moderate values of the Reynolds number are presented to showcase the superior performance of the data‐enriched POD‐RB with respect to the standard ROM in terms of both accuracy and efficiency.
A Finite Volume Framework for Damage and Fracture Prediction in Wire Drawing
Authors: Whelan Andrew , Tang Tian , Pakrashi Vikram , Cardiff Philip 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article presents the implementation of the canonical Lemaitre and Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) damage models and a more recent phase‐field type model within a Lagrangian, geometrically nonlinear, cell‐centred finite volume framework. The proposed segregated solution procedure uses Picard‐type defect (deferred) outer corrections, where the primary unknowns are cell‐centre displacements and pressures. Spurious zero‐energy modes (numerical oscillations in displacement and pressure) are avoided by introducing stabilisation (smoothing) diffusion terms to the pressure and momentum equations. Appropriate scaling of the momentum “Rhie–Chow” stabilisation term is shown to be important in regions of plasticity and damage. To accurately predict damage and fracture in wire drawing where hydrostatic pressure is high, novel variants of the Lemaitre model with crack‐closure and triaxiality effects are proposed. The developed methods are validated against the notched round bar and flat notched bar experimental cases and subsequently applied to the analysis of axisymmetric wire drawing. It is shown that the proposed finite volume approach provides a robust basis for predicting damage in wire drawing, where the proposed novel Lemaitre model with crack‐closure effects was shown to be the most suitable for predicting experimentally observed fracture.
Two New Calibration Techniques of Lumped‐Parameter Mathematical Models for the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Tonini Andrea , Regazzoni Francesco , Salvador Matteo , Dede' Luca , Scrofani Roberto , Fusini Laura , Cogliati Chiara , Pontone Gianluca , Vergara Christian , Quarteroni Alfio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCardiocirculatory mathematical models are valuable tools for investigating both physiological and pathological conditions of the circulatory system. To assess an individual's clinical condition, these models must be tailored through parameter calibration. This study introduces a novel calibration method for a lumped‐parameter cardiocirculatory model, by leveraging on the correlation matrix between model parameters and outputs to adjust the latter based on observed data. We evaluate the performance of our method, both independently and in combination with the L‐BFGS‐B optimization algorithm (Limited memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno with Bound constraints), and we compare our results with those of L‐BFGS‐B alone. Using synthetic data, we show that both the correlation matrix calibration method and the combined one reduce the loss function of the optimization problem more effectively than L‐BFGS‐B. Moreover, the correlation matrix calibration method exhibits greater robustness to the initial parameter guess than both the combined method and L‐BFGS‐B. When applied to noisy data, all three calibration methods achieve comparable results. Although the correlation matrix calibration method yields less accurate parameter estimates than L‐BFGS‐B, in a real‐world clinical case, the two new calibration methods provide clinical insights comparable to L‐BFGS‐B. Notably, the correlation matrix calibration method is three times faster than the other two calibration methods. These findings highlight the effectiveness of our new calibration method for clinical applications.
Micropolar Elastoplasticity Using a Fast Fourier Transform‐Based Solver
Authors: Francis Noah M. , Lebensohn Ricardo A. , Pourahmadian Fatemeh , Dingreville Rémi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis work presents a micromechanical spectral formulation for obtaining the full‐field and homogenized response of elastoplastic micropolar composites. A closed‐form radial‐return mapping is derived from thermodynamics‐based micropolar elastoplastic constitutive equations to determine the increment of plastic strain necessary to return the generalized stress state to the yield surface, and the algorithm implementation is verified using the method of numerically manufactured solutions. Then, size‐dependent material response and micro‐plasticity are shown as features that may be efficiently simulated in this micropolar elastoplastic framework. The computational efficiency of the formulation enables the generation of large datasets in reasonable computing times.
Ossicular Chain Reconstruction With Glass Ionomer Cement Following Removal of Active Middle Ear Implant
Authors: McFeely William J. , McFeely Alexis E. , Shohet Jack A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe use of bone cement in ossicular chain reconstruction (OCR) represents an area of recent interest. This multi‐institutional retrospective study assesses the efficacy of glass ionomer cement (GIC) in OCR following the explantation of a fully implantable active middle ear implant. A postoperative 4‐frequency mean air‐bone gap (ABG) was obtained for 15 subjects by averaging 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz frequencies. For Group A (short‐term, N = 15), at a mean of 4.5 months postoperatively, 9 (60%) achieved an ABG between 0 and 10 dB, 5 (33%) were 11 to 20 dB, and 1 (7%) was 21 to 30 dB. For Group B (long‐term, N = 5), at a mean of 50 months postoperatively, 4 (80%) were 0 to 10 dB and 1 (20%) was 11 to 20 dB. These results suggest that GIC represents an effective means of ABG closure after device explantation.
Unsupervised machine learning analysis to identify patterns of ICU medication use for fluid overload prediction
Authors: Henry Kelli , Deng Shiyuan , Chen Xianyan , Zhang Tianyi , Devlin John W. , Murphy David J. , Smith Susan E. , Murray Brian , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan , Most Amoreena , Sikora Andrea ,   the MRC‐ICU Investigator Team
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundFluid overload (FO) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is common, serious, and may be preventable. Intravenous medications (including administered volume) are a primary cause for FO but are challenging to evaluate as a FO predictor given the high frequency and time‐dependency of their use and other factors affecting FO. We sought to employ unsupervised machine learning methods to uncover medication administration patterns correlating with FO.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 927 adults admitted to an ICU for ≥72 h. FO was defined as a positive fluid balance ≥7% of admission body weight. After reviewing medication administration record data in 3‐h periods, medication exposure was categorized into clusters using principal component analysis (PCA) and Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM). Medication regimens of patients with and without FO were compared within clusters to assess their temporal association with FO.ResultsFO occurred in 127 (13.7%) of 927 included patients. Patients received a median (interquartile range) of 31(13–65) discrete intravenous medication administrations over the 72‐h period. Across all 47,803 intravenous medication administrations, 10 unique medication clusters, containing 121 to 130 medications per cluster, were identified. The mean number of Cluster 7 medications administered was significantly greater in the FO cohort compared with patients without FO (25.6 vs.10.9, p < 0.0001). A total of 51 (40.2%) of 127 unique Cluster 7 medications were administered in more than five different 3‐h periods during the 72‐h study window. The most common Cluster 7 medications included continuous infusions, antibiotics, and sedatives/analgesics. Addition of Cluster 7 medications to an FO prediction model including the Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and receipt of diuretics improved model predictiveness from an Area Under the Receiver Operation Characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.719 to 0.741 (p = 0.027).ConclusionsUsing machine learning approaches, a unique medication cluster was strongly associated with FO. Incorporation of this cluster improved the ability to predict FO compared to traditional prediction models. Integration of this approach into real‐time clinical applications may improve early detection of FO to facilitate timely intervention.
Interaction of an Open‐To‐Air Helium Plasma Jet, Produced by Sub‐Microsecond Discharges, With a Polystyrene Surface
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad , Zamo Aurélie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effects of an open‐to‐air helium plasma jet, generated by sub‐microsecond discharges, on polystyrene (PS) surfaces positioned at distances of 1 and 10 mm from the nozzle. Optical emission spectroscopy revealed that at 1 mm the plasma spectrum is dominated by N₂⁺ emission, while at 10 mm N₂ emission prevails. Surface analysis showed that at 1 mm PS surfaces developed micro‐ and nanostructures with varying compositions, particularly in the outer regions, while at 10 mm the surface exhibited a uniform nanostructure distribution. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses indicated the incorporation of oxygen and nitrogen species and suggested the formation of functionalized graphene/graphite oxide microstructures.
Exogenous Treatment of Caffeic Acid and Methylglyoxal Synergistically Enhances Anticancer Effect in Prostate Cancer via Inhibition of Glyoxalase‐1
Authors: Anjaly Km , Tiku Ashu Bhan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCaffeic acid (CA), a dietary compound, has been studied for its potential impact on inhibiting prostate cancer (PCa) growth. PCa is often associated with heightened expression of glyoxalase‐1 (Glo‐1), making it a target for potential therapeutic interventions. CA's mechanisms in suppressing Glo‐1 expression and its effects on PCa cell proliferation are areas of interest for understanding its potential as an anticancer agent.MethodsCellular viability and proliferation were evaluated through MTT and clonogenic assays. The expression levels of particular proteins were assessed using western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry.ResultsResults indicated significant reduction in PCa cell proliferation by CA, accompanied by induction of DNA double‐strand breaks, leading to apoptotic cell death through decreased pro‐caspases expression. Additionally, CA was found to inhibit Glo‐1 expression. To enhance CA's anticancer effect, a novel approach was taken by combining it with methylglyoxal (MG). Exogenous MG treatment, a glycolysis by‐product and glyoxalase enzyme substrate, exhibited dose and time‐dependent toxicity in PCa cells when combined with CA. This combination treatment showed heightened toxicity against PCa cells, attributed to CA's inhibition of Glo‐1 expression and the nontoxic doses of exogenous MG. Consequently, increased levels of endogenous MG were observed, leading to apoptosis and suggesting a promising strategy for targeting glyoxalase oncogenic signaling pathways in PCa with minimal adverse effects.ConclusionThe study highlights the potential of CA as a therapeutic agent for inhibiting PCa growth through multiple mechanisms, including the induction of apoptotic cell death and inhibition of Glo‐1 expression. Combining CA with MG enhances its anticancer effects, offering a promising strategy for targeting glyoxalase oncogenic pathways in PCa.
Effect of the Coupling Beam with Different Intensity Profile upon Rydberg EIT and Rydberg Two‐Color Polarization Spectroscopy with Cesium Ladder‐Type Level
Authors: Chang Rui , Wang Tao , Yang Yuhui , Hao Lili , He Jun , Wang Junmin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and two‐color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) with Rydberg atoms are spectroscopic techniques developed based on the interaction between a ladder‐type three‐level atomic system and two light fields. The narrow linewidth and high contrast Rydberg EIT and Rydberg TCPS have important applications in laser frequency stabilization, Rydberg antennas, Rydberg radar and microwave electric fields detection. Here, the EIT and TCPS with cesium Rydberg atoms are investigated using a ladder‐type level system driven by the 509‐nm coupling beam and the 852‐nm probe beam. The 509‐nm coupling beam with three kinds of intensity spatial profile (Laguerre–Gaussian mode, Gaussian mode, Flat‐top mode) is employed one by one in experiments. Due to the different intensity spatial distributions of the three 509‐nm coupling beams, the Autler–Townes (A–T) splitting method is utilized to calibrate the Rabi frequency of the coupling beams. These results show that the linewidth is narrowest when the 509‐nm coupling beam has the Laguerre–Gaussian mode with an equal Rabi frequency among the three cases, the linewidth and contrast of the EIT and TCPS are optimized by varying the beam sizes of the 509‐nm Laguerre–Gaussian beams. The laser frequency stabilization by using of TCPS with three kinds of 509‐nm coupling beams are compared, the Laguerre–Gaussian coupling beam case is more effective for frequency stabilization because of the narrower linewidth.
A Pilot Evaluation of the Adequacy of Prenatal Vitamins to Cover Dietary Deficits During Pregnancy and Lactation
Authors: Smith Chase K. , Fay Emily E. , Moreni Sue L. , Mao Jennie , Hebert Mary F. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe objectives of this pilot survey were (1) to compare dietary intakes during three survey windows (25–28 weeks gestation, 28–32 weeks gestation and ≥ 3 months postpartum) with the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements' (NIH:ODS) established recommendations for pregnant and lactating women, and (2) to evaluate the general adequacy of commonly used prenatal vitamins (PVs) to cover the identified deficits in dietary intake.MethodsIn this longitudinal pilot survey, 39 healthy consented women, aged 18–50 years with singleton pregnancies and pre‐pregnancy BMI < 30.0 kg/m2 were included. Items from self‐reported dietary intakes during three survey windows were converted to nutritional content using Fooducate (LLC), a public database. Three‐day mean intakes per survey window per subject were compared with NIH:ODS recommendations to determine dietary deficits. Eight commonly utilised PVs (identified via web searches of common prenatal vitamins and their availability in local stores) were evaluated for adequacy in correcting each dietary deficit.ResultsNutrients that were ≥ 30% higher than the recommended RDA/AI were carbohydrates, sodium, vitamin A, and vitamin C in the first survey window; carbohydrates, sodium, and vitamin A in the second survey window; and sodium and iron in the third survey window. Nutrients that were ≥ 30% lower than the RDA/AI were potassium, vitamin D, and iron in the first survey window; potassium, vitamin D, and iron during the second survey window; and dietary fibre, potassium, vitamin C, and vitamin D in the third survey window. None of the evaluated PVs corrected all deficits, but two were close to the goal and only one corrected all vitamin D deficits.ConclusionWomen who are or are planning to become pregnant should be educated on dietary recommendations during pregnancy and lactation, ideally such that supplements become unnecessary. However, it remains good practice to carefully consider prenatal vitamin content before selection.