bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Changes in Beliefs About Rumination and in Emotion Regulation Skills Mediators of the Effects of Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety? Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Enrique Angel , Eilert Nora , Wogan Rebecca , Earley Caroline , Duffy Daniel , Palacios Jorge , Timulak Ladislav , Richards Derek 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) is effective in treating anxiety and depression. Research on how these interventions operate is scarce. This study explored whether emotion regulation skills and positive beliefs about rumination were affected by iCBT and if these constructs mediated changes in depression and anxiety.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled trial testing the effectiveness of supported iCBT. Adults with at least mild symptoms of depression or anxiety were included. Depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), positive beliefs about rumination (PBRS-A) and two emotion regulation skills: cognitive reappraisal (ERQ-A) and expressive suppression (ERQ-S), were measured at baseline and 8-weeks post-treatment.

Results
The analyses included 358 participants, 71% were female. Median age was 29. Linear mixed models showed statistically significant differences along ERQ-A in favor of the iCBT group (b = 1.83, SE = 0.82, p = .026). Mediation analyses showed reductions in depression (b = 0.31, SE = 0.15, p = 0.043) and anxiety symptoms (b = 0.27, SE = 0.14, p = 0.057) were partially mediated by gains in ERQ-A. No effects were observed for PBRS-A and ERQ-S.

Conclusions
These results align with findings from face-to-face therapy and add to the scarce literature on mediators of effects of iCBT, contributing to the understanding of how these interventions operate. Since mediator and outcome variables were measured at the same time, partial mediation results should be interpreted with caution since the study design did not account for temporality and therefore causality effects cannot be confirmed.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN91967124.
Environmental and economic sustainability in public contexts: the impact of hand-drying options on waste management, carbon emissions and operating costs
Authors: Coller Graziano , Schiavon Marco , Ragazzi Marco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to the high density of users hosted everyday, public buildings are important producers of waste and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Public restrooms play an underrated role in waste generation and GHG emissions, especially if paper towels are used as the hand-drying method. The choice of the hand-drying method (i.e., paper towels vs. electrical hand dryers) also affects the economic balance of a public institution, involving costs for the purchase of hand-drying materials/apparatuses, energy and waste disposal. The present paper aims at evaluating the economic and environmental impact of the introduction of electrical hand dryers (alternative scenario) in place of paper towels (reference scenario) in a public building. The paper presents a solid methodology, based on a numerical experiment approach, to identify a decision criterion for establishing the economical convenience of adopting the alternative scenario in public restrooms. Key factors affecting the choice between the proposed alternatives are presented and discussed in a dedicated sensitivity analysis. From the environmental point of view, this study evaluates the impact of each scenario in terms of GHG emissions, related to multiple waste treatment options and different electric grid mixes. Based on the experimental assumptions, the method allowed concluding that the alternative scenario becomes economically convenient when the number of daily usages (N) is > 57 ± 4. The environmental convenience of the alternative scenario is visible even atN < 10. The method here described can be successfully used to support strategic decisions for cost optimization and environmental mitigation in institutional buildings.
An Improved Model of the Earth’s Static Gravity Field Solely Derived from Reprocessed GOCE Data
Authors: Brockmann Jan Martin , Schubert Till , Schuh Wolf-Dieter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAfter it was found that the gravity gradients observed by the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite could be significantly improved by an advanced calibration, a reprocessing project for the entire mission data set was initiated by ESA and performed by the GOCE High-level processing facility (GOCE HPF). One part of the activity was delivering the gravity field solutions, where the improved level 1b and level 2 data serve as an input for global gravity field recovery. One well-established approach for the analysis of GOCE observations is the so-called time-wise approach. Basic characteristics of the GOCE time-wise solutions is that only GOCE observations are included to remain independent of any other gravity field observables and that emphasis is put on the stochastic modeling of the observations’ uncertainties. As a consequence, the time-wise solutions provide a GOCE-only model and a realistic uncertainty description of the model in terms of the full covariance matrix of the model coefficients. Within this contribution, we review the GOCE time-wise approach and discuss the impact of the improved data and modeling applied in the computation of the new GO_CONS_EGM_TIM_RL06 solution. The model reflects the Earth’s static gravity field as observed by the GOCE satellite during its operation. As nearly all global gravity field models, it is represented as a spherical harmonic expansion, with maximum degree 300. The characteristics of the model and the contributing data are presented, and the internal consistency is demonstrated. The updated solution nicely meets the official GOCE mission requirements with a global mean accuracy of about 2 cm in terms of geoid height and 0.6 mGal in terms of gravity anomalies at ESA’s target spatial resolution of 100 km. Compared to its RL05 predecessor, three kinds of improvements are shown, i.e., (1) the mean global accuracy increases by 10–25%, (2) a more realistic uncertainty description and (3) a local reduction of systematic errors in the order of centimeters.
Abiotic factors driving cyanobacterial biomass and composition under perennial bloom conditions in tropical latitudes
Authors: Vanderley Rayane F. , Ger Kemal A. , Becker Vanessa , Bezerra Maria Gabriela T. A. , Panosso Renata 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile warming and eutrophication have increased the frequency and magnitude of harmful cyanobacterial blooms globally, the scenario for many eutrophic tropical freshwaters is a perennial year-round bloom. Yet, the drivers of persistent blooms are less understood when conditions such as light, temperature, and nutrients favor cyanobacteria growth year-round, and especially in regions facing recurrent periods of drought. In order to understand the drivers of cyanobacteria dominance, we assessed the abiotic conditions related to the abundance and dominance of the two dominant bloom-forming genera Raphidiopsis and Microcystis, in six shallow, man-made lakes located in the semiarid Northeastern region of Brazil during a prolonged regional drought. Lower water level corresponded to increased phosphorous and nitrogen concentration and, consequently, phytoplankton biomass. Cyanobacterial biomass was also proportional to phosphorus concentrations during year-round blooms. Yet, the two dominant cyanobacterial genera, Raphidiopsis and Microcystis, seldom co-occurred temporally and the switch between them was driven by water transparency. Our results illustrate the effects of drought induced water level reductions on the biomass and composition of cyanobacterial blooms in tropical shallow man-made lakes. Given the ideal year-round conditions (i.e., high light and temperature), droughts may be expected to intensify the risk and multitude of problems associated with eutrophication.
Is human enhancement intrinsically bad?
Authors: Kudlek Karolina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA pertinent concern in the human enhancement debate is that human enhancement technologies (HET) are intrinsically bad and, hence, morally impermissible. This article evaluates the related claims about the intrinsic badness of HET by looking into philosophical theories of intrinsic value. It investigates how well-established conceptions of intrinsic value map onto typical bioconservative arguments about HET's intrinsic badness. Three predominant variants of these arguments are explored and found wanting: (i) HET are intrinsically bad owing to their unnaturalness; (ii) the pursuit of HET reveals intrinsically bad character (“the desire for mastery”); and (iii) HET will necessarily undermine intrinsically valuable things (e.g., human dignity). My analysis shows that the debate on intrinsic value places serious constraints on claims about the intrinsic badness of HET. More specifically, the analysis shows that bioconservative arguments are, for the most part, inconsistent, misconceived, and overly speculative. Enhancement interventions cannot be bearers of intrinsic value on any of its plausible understandings, and, even if we could grant such a possibility, there are no compelling reasons to presume that the intrinsic value of HET would be necessarily negative. As a result, claims regarding their moral impermissibility are unwarranted.
Statistical Approach on Differential Emission Measure of Coronal Holes using the CATCH Catalog
Authors: Heinemann Stephan G. , Saqri Jonas , Veronig Astrid M. , Hofmeister Stefan J. , Temmer Manuela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoronal holes are large-scale structures in the solar atmosphere that feature a reduced temperature and density in comparison to the surrounding quiet Sun and are usually associated with open magnetic fields. We perform a differential emission measure analysis on the 707 non-polar coronal holes in the Collection of Analysis Tools for Coronal Holes (CATCH) catalog to derive and statistically analyze their plasma properties (i.e. temperature, electron density, and emission measure). We use intensity filtergrams of the six coronal EUV filters from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory, which cover a temperature range from $\approx10^{5.5}$
≈

10

5.5

to $10^{7.5}~\mbox{K}$

10

7.5

K
. Correcting the data for stray and scattered light, we find that all coronal holes have very similar plasma properties with an average temperature of $0.94 \pm0.18~\mbox{MK}$
0.94
±
0.18

MK
, a mean electron density of $(2.4 \pm0.7) \times10^{8}~\mbox{cm}^{-3}$
(
2.4
±
0.7
)
×

10

8

cm

−
3

, and a mean emission measure of $(2.8 \pm1.6) \times10^{26}~\mbox{cm}^{-5}$
(
2.8
±
1.6
)
×

10

26

cm

−
5

. The temperature distribution within the coronal holes was found to be largely uniform, whereas the electron density shows a 30 to 40% linear decrease from the boundary towards the inside of the coronal hole. At distances greater than 20″ ($\approx15~\mbox{Mm}$
≈
15

Mm
) from the nearest coronal hole boundary, the density also becomes statistically uniform. The coronal hole temperature may show a weak solar-cycle dependency, but no statistically significant correlation of plasma properties with solar-cycle variations could be determined throughout the observed period between 2010 and 2019.
Comparison of Geomagnetic Indices During Even and Odd Solar Cycles SC17 – SC24: Signatures of Gnevyshev Gap in Geomagnetic Activity
Authors: Takalo Jouni 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe show that the time series of sunspot group areas has a gap, the so-called Gnevyshev gap (GG), between ascending and descending phases of the cycle and especially so for the even-numbered cycles. For the odd cycles this gap is less obvious, and is only a small decline after the maximum of the cycle. We resample the cycles to have the same length of 3945 days (about 10.8 years), and show that the decline is between 1445 – 1567 days after the start of the cycle for the even cycles, and extending sometimes until 1725 days from the start of the cycle. For the odd cycles the gap is a little earlier, 1332 – 1445 days after the start of the cycles with no extension. We analyze geomagnetic disturbances for Solar Cycles 17 – 24 using the Dst-index, the related Dxt- and Dcx-indices, and the Ap-index. In all of these time series there is a decline at the time, or somewhat after, the GG in the solar indices, and it is at its deepest between 1567 – 1725 days for the even cycles and between 1445 – 1567 days for the odd cycles. The averages of these indices for even cycles in the interval 1445 – 1725 are 46%, 46%, 18%, and 29% smaller compared to surrounding intervals of similar length for Dst, Dxt, Dcx, and Ap, respectively. For odd cycles the averages of the Dst- and Dxt-indices between 1322 – 1567 days are 31% and 12% smaller than the surrounding intervals, but not smaller for the Dcx-index and only 4% smaller for the Ap-index. The declines are significant at the 99% level for both even and odd cycles of the Dst-index and for the Dxt-, Dcx- and Ap-indices for even cycles. For odd cycles of the Dxt-index the significance is 95%, but the decline is insignificant for odd cycles of the Dcx- and Ap-indices.
Metabolic consequences for mice lacking Endosialin: LC–MS/MS-based metabolic phenotyping of serum from C56Bl/6J Control and CD248 knock‐out mice
Authors: Armitage Emily G. , Barnes Alan , Patrick Kieran , Bechar Janak , Harrison Matthew J. , Lavery Gareth G. , Rainger G. Ed , Buckley Christopher D. , Loftus Neil J. , Wilson Ian D. , Naylor Amy J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The Endosialin/CD248/TEM1 protein is expressed in adipose tissue and its expression increases with obesity. Recently, genetic deletion of CD248 has been shown to protect mice against atherosclerosis on a high fat diet.

Objectives
We investigated the effect of high fat diet feeding on visceral fat pads and circulating lipid profiles in CD248 knockout mice compared to controls.

Methods
From 10 weeks old, CD248−/− and +/+ mice were fed either chow (normal) diet or a high fat diet for 13 weeks. After 13 weeks the metabolic profiles and relative quantities of circulating lipid species were assessed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS) with high resolution accurate mass (HRAM) capability.

Results
We demonstrate a specific reduction in the size of the perirenal fat pad in CD248−/− mice compared to CD248+/+, despite similar food intake. More strikingly, we identify significant, diet-dependent differences in the serum metabolic phenotypes of CD248 null compared to age and sex-matched wildtype control mice. Generalised protection from HFD-induced lipid accumulation was observed in CD248 null mice compared to wildtype, with particular reduction noted in the lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, cholesterol and carnitine.

Conclusions
Overall these results show a clear and protective metabolic consequence of CD248 deletion in mice, implicating CD248 in lipid metabolism or trafficking and opening new avenues for further investigation using anti-CD248 targeting agents.
Efficacy of echocardiography for differential diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy: special focus on speckle-tracking longitudinal strain
Authors: Tanaka Hidekazu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLeft ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) is a frequent imaging finding in daily clinical practice, and its presence is associated with poor outcomes and ventricular arrhythmias. It is commonly detected in athletes, arterial hypertension, aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, Fabry disease, or Friedreich’s ataxia. Echocardiography plays an important role in detecting LVH and underlying causes in current clinical practice. While echocardiography is essential for the quantification and early detection of LV structural findings for various cardiovascular diseases, it has been reported that speckle-tracking echocardiographic parameters are also useful for the detection of early LV structural abnormalities. In particular, global longitudinal strain (GLS) assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography is reportedly a sensitive marker for early subtle abnormalities of LV myocardial performance, helpful for the prediction of outcomes for various cardiac diseases, and superior to conventional echocardiographic indices. GLS is determined as the averaged peak longitudinal strain of 18 LV segments from standard apical views and can be assessed as a polar plot. This polar plot longitudinal strain mapping offers an intuitive visual overview of the global and regional LV longitudinal myocardial function status of various cardiomyopathies with LVH. This mapping is clinically practicable and the plot patterns obtainable as the result of further development of this technique for clinical practice provide clues to the etiology of cardiomyopathies. This article reviews the efficacy of echocardiography for differential diagnosis of LVH, with a special focus on the utility of speckle-tracking longitudinal strain.
Inhibition and adsorption potentials of mild steel corrosion using methanol extract of Gongronema latifoliuim
Authors: Aralu Chiedozie C. , Chukwuemeka-Okorie Helen O. , Akpomie Kovo G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGongronema latifoliumwas used as a low-cost green inhibitor for mild steel by applying the weight loss method at 303–323 K. There was a decrease in percentage inhibition with temperature increase and a rise in inhibition efficiency with an increase in the concentration of inhibitor. The obtained results showed thatGongronema latifoliumextract of methanol had percentage inhibition efficiencies in the range of 59.06–81.69%. Corrosion inhibition of mild steel showed a good fit to the Langmuir model compared to the Freundlich and El-Awardy adsorption models. Thermodynamics parameters, such as$$ E_{\text{a}} $$Ea,$$ Q_{\text{ads}} $$Qadsand$$ \Delta G_{\text{ads}} $$ΔGadswere evaluated and showed that the mechanism of corrosion inhibition of mild steel by methanol extract ofGongronema latifoliumwas physisorption. The results of this work indicated efficient potentials of the methanol extract ofGongronema latifoliumas a low-cost corrosion inhibitor in acidic media for mild steel, which could be applied to reduce corrosion of metals in industries.
Epidemiological investigation of a COVID-19 family cluster outbreak transmitted by a 3-month-old infant
Authors: Lin Guo-tian , Zhang Yue-hua , Xiao Mei-fang , Wei Yong , Chen Jin-ni , Lin Dao-jiong , Wang Jia-chong , Lin Qiu-yu , Lei Zhi-xian , Zeng Zhen-qiong , Li Ling , Li Hong-ai , Zheng Ying , Li Qiu-qiong , Zhen Huang-zhen , Jin Yu-ming , Wu Qing-xia , Zhang Fan , Xiang Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the clinical characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, and transmissibility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a family cluster outbreak transmitted by a 3-month-old confirmed positive infant.

Methods
Field-based epidemiological methods were used to investigate cases and their close contacts. Real-time fluorescent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for all collected specimens. Serum SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by Chemiluminescence and Gold immnnochromatography (GICA).

Results
The outbreak was a family cluster with an attack rate of 80% (4/5). The first case in this family was a 3-month-old infant. The transmission chain was confirmed from infant to adults (her father, mother and grandmother). Fecal tests for SARS-CoV-2 RNA remained positive for 37 days after the infant was discharged. The infant’s grandmother was confirmed to be positive 2 days after the infant was discharged from hospital. Patients A (3-month-old female), B (patient A’s father), C (patient A’s grandmother), and D (patient A’s mother) had positive serum IgG and negative IgM, but patients A’s grandfather serum IgG and IgM were negative.

Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2 has strong transmissibility within family settings and presence of viral RNA in stool raises concern for possible fecal–oral transmission. Hospital follow-up and close contact tracing are necessary for those diagnosed with COVID-19.
Experimental and FEM based investigation of the influence of the deposition temperature on the mechanical properties of SiC coatings
Authors: Schlech Thomas , Horn Siegfried , Wijayawardhana Charles , Rashidi Arash 
Published: January 2021

AbstractScanning electron microscopy shows that the microstructure, in particular the overall grain size, of chemical vapor deposited silicon carbide coatings depends on the deposition temperature. So far, the influence of the microstructure on the mechanical properties of such coatings is not well described in literature. To investigate the influence of the deposition temperature on the mechanical properties of the coating, nanoindentation is used in this work. Since the measurement results of nanoindentation can be affected by the substrate material, the contribution of the substrate material is taken into account utilizing a finite element model. The model is then employed to generate information about elastic and plastic properties of the coating by inverse simulation. To evaluate the fracture toughness of the coating, the generated material model is used in a cohesive-zone based formulation of the fracture process during indentation at higher loads. The results of this model allow determining the fracture toughness of silicon carbide coatings deposited at different temperatures.
Außerschulische Interessen als Ressource für die individualisierte Vermittlung der Variablenkontrollstrategie in der Grundschule
Authors: Laufs Ann-Kathrin , Kempert Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungInteresse stellt eine günstige Ausgangsbedingung für Lernprozesse dar. Lernförderliche Effekte des Interessenseinbezugs, wie eine erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit und ein erhöhtes Engagement, sind für die Altersgruppe der Sekundarschülerinnen und -schüler in unterschiedlichen Domänen gut belegt. Dieser Beitrag hat zum Ziel, den Forschungsstand zum Zusammenhang von Interesse und Lernen um die Altersgruppe der Grundschulkinder im Inhaltsbereich des frühen naturwissenschaftlichen Sachunterrichts zu ergänzen. AnN = 162 Grundschulkindern der dritten und vierten Jahrgangsstufe wird im Rahmen einer experimentellen Interventionsstudie untersucht, ob eine an individuellen Interessen ausgerichtete und so kontextualisierte Vermittlung der Variablenkontrollstrategie (VKS) positive Effekte auf (1) das situationale Interesse am Lernkontext und am Lerngegenstand und (2) auf den Lernerfolg hat. Darüber hinaus wird überprüft, (3) ob die angenommenen positiven Effekte einer kontextualisierten Vermittlung auf den Lernerfolg über das situationale Interesse in der Lernsituation vermittelt werden.Die Ergebnisse belegen eine erfolgreiche Manipulation des situationalen Interesses am Lernkontext und am Lerngegenstand durch die kontextualisierte Vermittlung. Multivariate Analysen weisen ein erhöhtes situationales Interesse am Lernkontext und am Lerngegenstand der Experimentalgruppe 1 gegenüber der Experimentalgruppe 2 und der Kontrollgruppe nach. Differenzierte Analysen zum Lernerfolg der VKS zeigen, dass die an individuellen Interessen ausgerichtete Vermittlung in der Experimentalgruppe 1 zwar zu einem signifikanten Vorteil gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe, jedoch lediglich zu einem deskriptiven Vorteil gegenüber der Experimentalgruppe 2 führt. In einem Mediationsmodell zeigen sich entgegengesetzte Effekte des Interesses am Lernkontext und des Interesses am Lerngegenstand auf die Posttestleistung. Die Befunde werden vor dem Hintergrund der hohen Bedeutung von individualisierenden didaktischen Konzepten im Grundschulunterricht diskutiert.