bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A perspective on insect–microbe holobionts facing thermal fluctuations in a climate‐change context
Authors: Iltis Corentin , Tougeron Kévin , Hance Thierry , Louâpre Philippe , Foray Vincent 
Published: October 2021

SummaryTemperature influences the ecology and evolution of insects and their symbionts by impacting each partner independently and their interactions, considering the holobiont as a primary unit of selection. There are sound data about the responses of these partnerships to constant temperatures and sporadic thermal stress (mostly heat shock). However, the current understanding of the thermal ecology of insect–microbe holobionts remains patchy because the complex thermal fluctuations (at different spatial and temporal scales) experienced by these organisms in nature have often been overlooked experimentally. This may drastically constrain our ability to predict the fate of mutualistic interactions under climate change, which will alter both mean temperatures and thermal variability. Here, we tackle down these issues by focusing on the effects of temperature fluctuations on the evolutionary ecology of insect–microbe holobionts. We propose potentially worth‐investigating research avenues to (i) evaluate the relevance of theoretical concepts used to predict the biological impacts of temperature fluctuations when applied to holobionts; (ii) acknowledge the plastic (behavioural thermoregulation, physiological acclimation) and genetic responses (evolution) expressed by holobionts in fluctuating thermal environments; and (iii) explore the potential impacts of previously unconsidered patterns of temperature fluctuations on the outcomes and the dynamic of these insect–microbe associations.
Clinical predictors of nephrotoxicity associated with teicoplanin: Meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Hirai Toshinori , Hosohata Keiko , Ogawa Yukari , Iwamoto Takuya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTeicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, the impact of clinical characteristics on nephrotoxicity associated with teicoplanin has not been determined. This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics and nephrotoxicity associated with teicoplanin. We identified clinical research published from January 1975 to June 2021 using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, which described the nephrotoxicity associated with teicoplanin. Meta‐analysis determined the incidence of nephrotoxicity. Using meta‐regression analysis, we evaluated the impact of clinical characteristics on outcomes. Of the 567 articles, eight articles including 634 patients were analysed. The overall incidence of nephrotoxicity associated with teicoplanin was 11.0% (95% confidence interval: 8.0–13.0) for the fixed‐effect model. Additionally, patients with >65 years had a high trend for the risk of nephrotoxicity compared to those with ≤65 years (>65 years; 12.0% [95% confidence interval: 9.0–15.0] vs. ≤65 years; 7.0% [95% confidence interval: 3.0–12.0], p = 0.09) for the fixed‐effect model. Meta‐regression analysis demonstrated that only serum albumin level negatively correlated with the risk of nephrotoxicity (y = −17.0 x + 56.7, r = 0.74, p = 0.01). This meta‐analysis ascertained that hypoalbuminemia leads to nephrotoxicity associated with teicoplanin.
Inside the meetings: The role of managerial attitudes in approaches to information and consultation for employees
Authors: Kougiannou Nadia K. , Wilkinson Adrian , Dundon Tony 
Published: October 2021

AbstractManagerial attitudes are often seen as critical to sustainable employee participation practices, yet very little is known about how managers act within employee voice fora. We examine managements’ decision to actively consult with employees, and by doing so contribute to industrial relations debates concerning the role of managerial prerogative and trust to better understand the attitudes of managers towards elected employee representatives. Using evidence from a 2‐year longitudinal study of non‐union employee representation, we report on how managements’ perception of risk about sharing information with employee representatives influences their decision as to how to consult with employees. The findings show that managers can be unwilling to share information with employee representatives, which constrains the depth and scope of consultation. The role of management decision‐makers, typically the I&C fora Chairperson, is highlighted as champion for, or obstacle to, consultation. Lastly, the data illustrate that I&C is viewed by management as a lower strategic organizational priority, and how extending worker voice is constrained by the importance management place on maintaining their presumed prerogative of control. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Expanding the genotypic spectrum of TXNL4A variants in Burn‐McKeown syndrome
Authors: Wood Katherine A. , Ellingford Jamie M. , Thomas Huw B. ,   Genomics UK Research Consortium, Douzgou Sofia , Beaman Glenda M. , Hobson Emma , Prescott Katrina , O'Keefe Raymond T. , Newman William G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe developmental disorder Burn‐McKeown Syndrome (BMKS) is characterised by choanal atresia and specific craniofacial features. BMKS is caused by biallelic variants in the pre‐messenger RNA splicing factor TXNL4A. Most patients have a loss‐of‐function variant in trans with a 34‐base pair (bp) deletion (type 1 Δ34) in the promoter region. Here, we identified two patients with BMKS. One individual has a TXNL4A c.93_94delCC, p.His32Argfs *21 variant combined with a type 1 Δ34 promoter deletion. The other has an intronic TXNL4A splice site variant (c.258‐3C>G) and a type 1 Δ34 promoter deletion. We show the c.258‐3C>G variant and a previously reported c.258‐2A>G variant, cause skipping of the final exon of TXNL4A in a minigene splicing assay. Furthermore, we identify putative transcription factor binding sites within the 56 bp of the TXNL4A promoter affected by the type 1 and type 2 Δ34 and use dual luciferase assays to identify a 22 bp repeated motif essential for TXNL4A expression within this promoter region. We propose that additional variants affecting critical transcription factor binding nucleotides within the 22 bp repeated motif could be relevant to BMKS aetiology. Finally, our data emphasises the need to analyse the non‐coding sequence in individuals where a single likely pathogenic coding variant is identified in an autosomal recessive disorder consistent with the clinical presentation.
Idol Ads in the Seoul Metro: K‐pop Fandom, Appropriation of Subway Space, and the Right to the City
Authors: Fedorenko Olga 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the 2010s, a new phenomenon was spotted in the Seoul Metro. K‐pop fans began adorning subway stations with large ads congratulating their heroes—so‐called K‐pop idols—on their birthdays and other anniversaries. Not only have these fandom‐produced ads transformed the visual landscape of the Seoul Metro, they also invited novel spatial practices when fans, primarily young women, toured the ads to take photographs of and with them. Based on ethnographic observations, this article explores how fandom ads and fans visiting them make the Seoul Metro social and public in new ways. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space, the article frames fans’ ads themselves and engagements they invite as assertions of the “right to the city,” and relates them to spatial interventions that reclaim urban spaces based on symbolic—not legal—ownership, such as murals and graffiti. The article argues that K‐pop idol ads recapture the Seoul Metro from domination by commercial advertisers’ interests and appropriate it as a space of fandom, particularly female fandom. It also contends that this reorganization of space carries implications for a broader reclamation of subway surfaces as urban resources.
Product attributes affecting the substitutability of saiga horn drinks among young adult consumers in Singapore
Authors: Lockwood Doughty Hunter , Lim Nicholas , Carrasco Luis Roman , Milner‐Gulland Eleanor Jane , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobally, illegal and unsustainable wildlife trade can drive biodiversity loss. Understanding which product attributes consumers consider when deciding between products of threatened species or alternatives, is key for conservation interventions. Labeled Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs) are underutilized in wildlife trade literature but can aid this understanding. In labeled DCEs, the alternatives presented to respondents have specific names (e.g., paracetamol) as opposed to being generic bundles (e.g., option A). We used a labeled DCE to assess young adult preferences toward “cooling water” used to treat fever and heatiness (a traditional Chinese medicine state of illness) in Singapore. One popular cooling water contains saiga horn, made from Critically EndangeredSaiga tataricaantelope. Data from 639 university‐enrolled respondents were analyzed using latent class models. Middle‐ to high‐income Chinese Singaporeans were the respondents most likely to choose saiga horn. Overall, however, respondents significantly preferred lower price products sold in nearby outlets—suggesting that for young adults in Singapore, saiga horn cooling water may be substitutable if its physical and financial availability is reduced.
Functional biogeography of marine vertebrates in Atlantic Ocean reefs
Authors: Waechter Luiza S. , Luiz Osmar J. , Leprieur Fabien , Bender Mariana G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimMarine vertebrates play key functional roles on reef ecosystems. Despite their phylogenetic distance, different vertebrate lineages could play similar functions on reefs, which has been overlooked by current research on marine functional biogeography. We provide the first comprehensive assessment of the functional structure and inventory of ecosystem functions delivered by 224 vertebrates—marine mammals, sea turtles, sharks, rays and bony fish—in Atlantic Ocean reefs.LocationAtlantic Ocean reefs.MethodsWe compiled six species‐level traits and investigated geographical patterns of functional richness (FRic), functional uniqueness (FUn) and specialization (FSpe) in 83 assemblages. Additionally, we simulate the effects of marine vertebrate species’ extinction on functional diversity metrics.ResultsSharks, rays and bony fish species had the highest overlap in functional space (30.94%), while turtles overlapped mainly with bony fishes (1.76%). The functional structure of vertebrate assemblages is not homogeneous across the Atlantic. While functional richness peaks in the Caribbean (a “functional hotspot”), this region depicts low‐to‐intermediate functional uniqueness and functional specialization levels. Despite the large proportion of threatened top predator species (53.1%), mainly large‐bodied sharks, it is the loss of mesopredator species that will severely impact (up to 94% of functional loss) the functional space of vertebrate assemblages in Atlantic Ocean reefs.Main conclusionsOur study reveals that functional richness patterns of vertebrate assemblages differ across Atlantic Ocean reefs. Despite the low values of functional uniqueness and specialization in some reef assemblages, reef functioning can still be compromised due to species’ extinctions. The impact of mesopredators’ loss over the functional structure of vertebrate assemblages is worrisome since this group holds a considerable proportion of threatened species (20.1%) and is next in line considering the anthropogenic impacts over high trophic level species.
Survival, causes of death, and the prognostic role of comorbidities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the pre‐ibrutinib era: A population‐based study
Authors: Steingrímsson Vilhjálmur , Lund Sigrún H. , Dickman Paul W. , Weibull Caroline E. , Björkholm Magnus , Landgren Ola , Kristinsson Sigurður Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate temporal trends in survival and causes of death in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in a nationwide study.MethodsThe cohort consisted of 13,009 Swedish CLL patients diagnosed 1982–2013. Relative survival (RS) and excess mortality rate ratios (EMRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using flexible parametric survival models. Cause‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for the linear effect of 10‐year increase in year of diagnosis.ResultsThe excess mortality decreased comparing 2003–2013 to 1982–1992 (EMRR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.48–0.58). The 5‐year RS increased between 1982 and 2012 for patients >51 years at diagnosis and improved for patients ≤51 years after 2002. The rate of CLL‐specific deaths decreased over time (HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.75–0.81). Compared to patients with no comorbidity, patients with 1 and 2+ Charlson Comorbidity Index points had HR = 1.35 (95% CI 1.25–1.45) and HR = 1.47 (95% CI 1.37–1.57) for CLL‐related mortality, respectively.ConclusionSurvival in CLL patients improved in the era of chemoimmunotherapy, and this was largely explained by reduced CLL‐related mortality. The increased rate of CLL‐related mortality in patients with comorbidities emphasizes the importance of the newer and better tolerated targeted therapy.
N2O hot moments were not driven by changes in nitrogen and carbon substrates or changes in N cycling functional genes
Authors: Barrat Harry A. , Charteris Alice F. , Le Cocq Kate , Abadie Maider , Clark Ian M. , Chadwick David R. , Cardenas Laura 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIf a dry soil is wetted it can produce a large flush of nitrous oxide (N2O), which can be 10 times above the background rate, this phenomenon is called a hot moment. However, there is uncertainty in the literature regarding the mechanisms that cause hot moments. Therefore, this study aimed to induce two different hot moments on soil cores to investigate changes in nitrogen (N) cycling functional genes, and correlate these changes with subsequent N2O emissions, and transformations in soil chemistry. We induced a ‘pre‐dry’ treatment which wetted soils from 50% to 90% water‐filled pore space (WFPS) and ‘pre‐wet’ treatment which wetted soils from 70% to 90% WFPS to analyse changes in gas fluxes (N2O, nitric oxide [NO] and carbon dioxide [CO2]), soil chemistry (pH, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], total oxidised nitrogen [TON], ammonium [NH4+]) and microbiology (bacterial 16S, fungal ITS and nitrogen cycling functional genes associated with denitrification). The soil produced emissions of N2O that were significantly higher for the pre‐dry treatment compared with the pre‐wet treatment (p = <0.001; 9 times that of the pre‐wet). The pre‐dry treatments did not prime the soil any more than the pre‐wet treatments for CO2 and NO emissions, and the results showed that the soils TON and DOC concentrations were significantly higher in the pre‐wet conditions despite its lower N2O emissions. This suggests that the cause of the hot moment was not as dependant on the soil's substrate concentrations as previously thought. Moreover, the amount of denitrification genes in the pre‐dry soil was statistically similar to the pre‐wet (nirK, norB, nifH, nosZI, nxrA), apart from nirS which was marginally higher (p = 0.03). Contrary to other experiments, this study provides evidence that changes in soil substrates and functional gene abundance are not the cause of N2O hot moments. We therefore suggest that future studies should investigate changes in mRNA abundance related to N cycling genes.Highlights
Rewetting following drought caused a significant release of N2O.
The pre‐dry soil produced higher N2O fluxes but contained less key substrates (TOC, NH4+ and DOC) than the pre‐wet soil.
The pre‐dry and pre‐wet soil had a similar quantity of denitrification functional genes.
Differences in soil chemistry and denitrification functional genes between the pre‐dry and pre‐wet soil cannot explain the differences in N2O emissions.
Variation in insulin response to oral sugar test in a cohort of horses throughout the year and evaluation of risk factors for insulin dysregulation
Authors: Karikoski Ninja P. , Box Justin R. , Mykkänen Anna K. , Kotiranta Veikko V. , Raekallio Marja R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe oral sugar test (OST) is commonly used to diagnose insulin dysregulation (ID) and equine metabolic syndrome; however, possible seasonal changes in OST results have not been evaluated.ObjectiveTo determine the possible variation in insulin response to OST throughout the year and risk factors associated with maximum insulin concentration (InsMax) and ID.Study designProspective, longitudinal cohort study.MethodsThe OST was performed on 29 Finnhorses every other month six times. Serum total adiponectin concentration and phenotypic variables related to obesity were also measured. Changes in InsMax, adiponectin, scale weight, body condition score, cresty neck score (CNS), and fasting glucose concentration were assessed. Risk factor analyses were performed on InsMax and ID status, and ID groups were compared with each other.ResultsFourteen horses were categorised with non‐ID each time and 15 as having ID at least once during the follow‐up period. The ID status of 12 horses varied throughout the year, but neither the insulin variables measured during the OST nor adiponectin expressed significant seasonal variation. Increasing age and CNS, and decreasing adiponectin were observed as risk factors for a high InsMax after OST. The risk of ID was higher in horses with no exercise compared to horses with exercise (OR 7.6, 95% CI 1.2‐49.3, P = .03). Horses with ID had lower serum adiponectin concentrations, longer neck circumference and larger height than horses in the non‐ID group.Main limitationsThe environmental conditions (feeding, exercise) were not constant for all horses throughout the study and only one breed was used.ConclusionsNeither OST results nor adiponectin varies with season; however, there were a substantial number of horses with variable ID status throughout the year, in which repeated OSTs may be beneficial. Lack of exercise was a risk factor for ID.
Improved multi‐criteria group decision‐making method considering hesitant fuzzy preference relations with self‐confidence behaviours for environmental pollution emergency response process evaluation
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhang Shengkai , Tu Yan , Li Liang , Li Zongmin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnvironmental pollution is one of the major challenges in China, which seriously affects people's life, economy and society. This paper proposes a multi‐criteria group decision‐making method based on hesitant fuzzy preference relations with self‐confidence (HFPRs‐SC) behaviours and applies it to the evaluation of the environmental pollution emergency response process. Firstly, a comprehensive evaluation system is proposed that covers the environmental pollution emergency response process. Moreover, is utilized to obtain the normalized hesitant fuzzy preference relationship, and an algorithm that considers both the hesitant fuzzy preference value and the self‐confidence level is proposed to improve the consistency of HFPRs‐SC. In addition, combined with subjective and objective weights of experts, a weighted average operator based on the confidence level is applied to aggregate individual HFPR‐SC. Furthermore, the score function of HFPRs‐SC is designed to get the best ranking. Finally, a case study on an explosion accident in Fujian Province of China is conducted to verify the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method with comparative analysis and sensitivity analysis. Based on the analysis, some suggestions are put forward for improving environmental pollution emergency response.
Warming increased bark beetle‐induced tree mortality by 30% during an extreme drought in California
Authors: Robbins Zachary J. , Xu Chonggang , Aukema Brian H. , Buotte Polly C. , Chitra‐Tarak Rutuja , Fettig Christopher J. , Goulden Michael L. , Goodsman Devin W. , Hall Alexander D. , Koven Charles D. , Kueppers Lara M. , Madakumbura Gavin D. , Mortenson Leif A. , Powell James A. , Scheller Robert M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuantifying the responses of forest disturbances to climate warming is critical to our understanding of carbon cycles and energy balances of the Earth system. The impact of warming on bark beetle outbreaks is complex as multiple drivers of these events may respond differently to warming. Using a novel model of bark beetle biology and host tree interactions, we assessed how contemporary warming affected western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis) populations and mortality of its host, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), during an extreme drought in the Sierra Nevada, California, United States. When compared with the field data, our model captured the western pine beetle flight timing and rates of ponderosa pine mortality observed during the drought. In assessing the influence of temperature on western pine beetles, we found that contemporary warming increased the development rate of the western pine beetle and decreased the overwinter mortality rate of western pine beetle larvae leading to increased population growth during periods of lowered tree defense. We attribute a 29.9% (95% CI: 29.4%–30.2%) increase in ponderosa pine mortality during drought directly to increases in western pine beetle voltinism (i.e., associated with increased development rates of western pine beetle) and, to a much lesser extent, reductions in overwintering mortality. These findings, along with other studies, suggest each degree (°C) increase in temperature may have increased the number of ponderosa pine killed by upwards of 35%–40% °C−1 if the effects of compromised tree defenses (15%–20%) and increased western pine beetle populations (20%) are additive. Due to the warming ability to considerably increase mortality through the mechanism of bark beetle populations, models need to consider climate's influence on both host tree stress and the bark beetle population dynamics when determining future levels of tree mortality.
Trajectories of neighbourhood inequality in Britain: Unpacking inter‐regional socioeconomic imbalances, 1971−2011
Authors: Patias Nikos , Rowe Francisco , Arribas‐Bel Dani 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPersistent spatial inequalities represent a menace to economic progress, social cohesion and political stability. The UK stands out as one of the most unequal countries in the industrialised world. This paper investigates intra‐regional and inter‐urban inequalities at the neighbourhood level in Britain during a 40‐year period, 1971−2011. Using a novel dataset containing a temporal classification of neighbourhoods, we analysed seven representative trajectories of neighbourhood persistence and change unveiling pathways of socioeconomic progress, decline, persistent affluence and disadvantage. Results highlight the extent of geographic unbalance in the distribution of these trajectories. Socioeconomic progress trajectories have been widespread across British cities. Yet a small handful of cities have concentrated persistent affluent neighbourhoods, and persistent struggling neighbourhoods have prevailed in northern cities.