bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital volume allocation: integrating decision maker and patient perspectives
Authors: Listorti Elisabetta , Alfieri Arianna , Pastore Erica 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlanning problems in healthcare systems have received greater attention in the last decade, especially because of the concerns recently raised about the scattering of surgical interventions among a wide number of different facilities that can undermine the quality of the outcome due to the volume-outcome association. In this paper, an approach to plan the amount of surgical interventions that a facility has to perform to assure a low adjusted mortality rate is proposed. The approach explicitly takes into account the existing interaction among patients’ choices and decision makers’ planning decisions. The first objective of the proposed approach is to find a solution able to reach quality in health outcomes and patients’ adherence. The second objective is to investigate the difference among solutions that are identified as optimal by either only one of the actors’ perspective, i.e., decision makers and patients, or by considering both the perspectives simultaneously. Following these objectives, the proposed approach is applied to a case study on Italian colon cancer interventions performed in 2014. Results confirm a variation in the hospital planned volumes when considering patients’ behaviour together with the policy maker plan, especially due to personal preferences and lack of information about hospital quality.
Triple Helix or Quadruple Helix: Which Model of Innovation to Choose for Empirical Studies?
Authors: Cai Yuzhuo , Lattu Annina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile the Triple Helix and Quadruple Helix models are popular in innovation studies, the relations between them have not been addressed extensively in the literature. There are diverse interpretations of helix models in empirical studies that apply them, but these sometimes deviate from the original theses of the models. Such a situation can confuse newcomers to the field in terms of which helix model to apply in their empirical research. We discern that the cause of this research challenge is a lack of systematic comparison of the two models. To bridge the research gap, this paper compares the models from the perspectives of how they were introduced and discussed in the literature and improved and how useful they are in addressing the innovation processes in contemporary society. Our major findings are as follows: First, reviewing the extant literature applying the two helix models for identifying research gaps, we discover that these studies were influenced by three views on the relations between the two models that were located on a continuum between two extreme ends—namely, isolation versus integration of the two models. Second, we provide a systematic comparison of both the advantages and weaknesses of the two models, and this may help researchers choose suitable helix models as conceptual/analytical tools in their empirical innovation studies. Third, our comparison of the two models shows that they are largely supplementary to each other when analysing innovation processes in contemporary society, providing a ground for potential synergy building between the two helix models.
A Characterization of Probability-based Dichotomous Belief Revision
Authors: Hansson Sven Ove 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the properties ofmultistate top revision, a dichotomous (AGM-style) model of belief revision that is based on an underlying model of probability revision. A proposition is included in the belief set if and only if its probability is either 1 or infinitesimally close to 1. Infinitesimal probabilities are used to keep track of propositions that are currently considered to have negligible probability, so that they are available if future information makes them more plausible. Multistate top revision satisfies a slightly modified version of the set of basic and supplementary AGM postulates, except the inclusion and success postulates. This result shows that hyperreal probabilities can provide us with efficient tools for overcoming the well known difficulties in combining dichotomous and probabilistic models of belief change.
Risk factors and outcome variables of cardiorenal syndrome type 1 from the nephrologist’s perspective
Authors: Seckinger Dominik , Ritter Oliver , Patschan Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and aimIn cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 1, acute cardiac failure or acute decompensation of chronic heart failure causes acute kidney injury (AKI). Every individual AKI episode increases the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the long term. In this study, we aimed to evaluate epidemiological characteristics and outcome variables of CRS type 1 individuals from the nephrologist’s perspective.MethodsThe study was performed in a retrospective, observational manner. All AKI patients treated at the Brandenburg Hospital of the Medical School of Brandenburg between January and December 2019 were screened for diagnostic criteria of CRS type 1. Endpoints were in-hospital death, need for dialysis, and renal recovery.ResultsDuring the screening, 198 out of 1189 (16.6%) AKI subjects were assigned to the diagnosis CRS type 1. The overall in-hospital mortality was 19.2%; 9.6% of the patients required dialysis due to AKI. Complete recovery of kidney function was observed in 86 individuals (43.4%); incomplete recovery occurred in 55 patients (27.8%). Mortality-predictive variables were AKIN stage 2, longer ICU treatment, and insulin-dependent diabetes. Regarding dialysis, AKIN stage 3 and higher potassium at the time of diagnosis were predictive. Subjects with longer in-hospital stay recovered more often from CRS type 1.ConclusionsThe incidence of CRS type 1 is high (∼16% of all in-hospital AKI subjects) and the mortality is higher than the average mortality of AKI in general. At the same time, complete recovery of kidney function occurs less frequent. The kidney-related follow-up management of CRS type 1 needs to be significantly optimized to improve the long-term outcome of affected patients.
Splits, internal and external, as a window into the nature of features
Authors: Corbett Greville G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLexemes may be splitinternally, by phenomena such as suppletion, periphrasis, heteroclisis and deponency. Generalizing over these phenomena, which split a lexeme’s paradigm, we can establish a typology of the possible internal splits. There are also lexemes whoseexternalrequirements are split: they induce different agreement, for instance. Again, a typology of these splits has been proposed. The next logical step is to attempt a typology of the possiblerelations between internal and external splits. This is not straightforward, since we need to avoid spurious linkages. Four lines of argument are offered: (i) general plausibility: the internal-external linkage is compelling, and so other accounts require a degree of coincidence which is unlikely; (ii) overabundance: alternative inflectional forms link to different external requirements; (iii) variation in time and space: splits in inflection and in external requirements vary, while maintaining their linkage; (iv) pluralia tantum nouns: the different types of these nouns provide intriguing confirming evidence. Case studies include Asia Minor Greek, Polish, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Sɛlɛɛ, Serbo-Croat (BCMS), Slovenian, Latin and Old Frisian. The clear instances which emerge, where an external split is demonstrably linked to an internal one, prove both surprising and significant. We discover that in split paradigms, besides overt overabundance, there may also be covertly overabundant cells. Furthermore, when external splits involve individual cells, these will not induce simple (consistent) agreement. This makes good sense, demonstrating that featural information is associated with lexemes in a natural default manner: at the lexeme level by default, unless overridden at the sub-paradigm level, unless in turn overridden at the level of individual cells.
Zwischen pädagogischer und geselliger Kommunikation – Eine ethnographische Annäherung an die Erforschung von Ungewissheit in hybriden Lernsettings
Authors: Cafantaris Karola 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) untersucht den Umgang mit Ungewissheit in einem hybriden Setting der Erwachsenenbildung. Der Artikel erläutert zunächst die zentralen Merkmale pädagogischer Ungewissheit in Zeiten zunehmender gesellschaftlicher Veränderung. Daraufhin werden die Bezüge pädagogisch gerahmter Gruppensettings zu der dargestellten Thematik erschlossen. Anhand der Erläuterung theoretischer Rahmenbegriffe wie Interaktion und Kommunikation sowie pädagogischer Kommunikation wird die empirische Analyse eines Fallbeispiels vorbereitet. Im Anschluss daran werden anhand von Ausschnitten aus einem ethnographischen Beobachtungsprotokoll exemplarisch Kommunikationsformate analysiert, die auf den Umgang mit Ungewissheit im hybriden Setting verweisen. Die Schlussbetrachtung nimmt eine Diskussion der Ergebnisse der empirischen Analyse vor und bettet diese in die im ersten Teil des Artikels erörterten theoretischen Bezüge ein.
The role of opportunities to learn in early childhood teacher education from two perspectives: A multilevel model
Authors: Dunekacke Simone , Jenßen Lars , Blömeke Sigrid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEarly childhood teacher education is considered crucial for the development of professional knowledge. However, little is known about the impacts of teacher educators, especially with respect to domain-specific knowledge in areas like early mathematics education. We investigated the relationship between opportunities to learn as reported by teacher educators and perceived by pre-service teachers and pre-service teachers’ general pedagogical knowledge, mathematics pedagogical content knowledge, and mathematical content knowledge. The sample comprised 909 pre-service teachers from two different teacher education tracks (vocational school vs. university) and their 43 teacher educators. The results provided the first empirical evidence that opportunities to learn reported by teacher educators are highly relevant for pre-service teachers’ knowledge. This strengthens calls to focus on the role of teacher educators in both research and practice.
Diagnostic Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Thomas Emmanuel , Delabat Stephanie , Andrews David M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Given the rapid development of diagnostic approaches to test for and diagnose infection with SARS-CoV-2, many options are available to assess infection. Multiple established diagnostic companies are now providing testing platforms whereas initially, testing was being performed with simple PCR-based tests using standard laboratory reagents.

Recent Findings.
Additional testing platforms continue to be developed but challenges with testing, including obtaining testing reagents and other related supplies, are frequently encountered. With time, the testing supply chain will improve and more companies will be providing materials to support these testing efforts. In the USA, the need for rapid assay development and subsequent approval through attainment of emergency use authorization (EUA) has superseded the traditional arduous diagnostic testing approval workflow mandated by the FDA. It is anticipated that the USA will be able to continue to significantly increase its testing capabilities to address this pandemic; however, challenges remain due to the diversity of the performance characteristics of tests being utilized.

Summary
This review provides an overview of the current diagnostic testing landscape, with pertinent information related to SARS-CoV-2 virology and antibody responses, that is available to diagnose infection.
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 Induces Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia
Authors: Olajide Olumayokun A. , Iwuanyanwu Victoria U. , Adegbola Oyinkansola D. , Al-Hindawi Alaa A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn addition to respiratory complications produced by SARS‐CoV‐2, accumulating evidence suggests that some neurological symptoms are associated with the disease caused by this coronavirus. In this study, we investigated the effects of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein S1 stimulation on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia. Analyses of culture supernatants revealed an increase in the production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and iNOS/NO. S1 also increased protein levels of phospho-p65 and phospho-IκBα, as well as enhanced DNA binding and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. These effects of the protein were blocked in the presence of BAY11-7082 (1 µM). Exposure of S1 to BV-2 microglia also increased the protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and enhanced caspase-1 activity. Increased protein levels of p38 MAPK was observed in BV-2 microglia stimulated with the spike protein S1 (100 ng/ml), an action that was reduced in the presence of SKF 86,002 (1 µM). Results of immunofluorescence microscopy showed an increase in TLR4 protein expression in S1-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition with TAK 242 (1 µM) and transfection with TLR4 small interfering RNA resulted in significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 production in S1-stimulated BV-2 microglia. These results have provided the first evidence demonstrating S1-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia. We propose that induction of neuroinflammation by this protein in the microglia is mediated through activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK, possibly as a result of TLR4 activation. These results contribute to our understanding of some of the mechanisms involved in CNS pathologies of SARS-CoV-2.
The benefits of beauty – Individual differences in the pro-attractiveness bias in social decision making
Authors: Voit Marlene , Weiß Martin , Hewig Johannes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile there already is a huge body of research examining the advantages and disadvantages of physical attractiveness in social and economic decisions, little research has been made to explore the role of individual differences in social decision-making with regard to beauty. To close this scientific gap, we conducted a multiparadigm online study (N = 210; 52% females) in which participants were asked to make decisions in four different economic games facing differently attractive counterparts. Additionally, the personality trait agreeableness was assessed to test for individual differences in decision-making. In exploratory analyses, we also assessed which facet of agreeableness is the most appropriate to predict individual differences in the various economic games. In the study, we were able to replicate the finding of a beauty premium and a plainness penalty but did not find any support for the idea of a beauty penalty. Furthermore, evidence for an opposite-sex advantage was found, which was greater when men were facing women than the other way around. While agreeableness as an overall trait influenced decision making across various paradigms, interactions of distinct facets of agreeableness with the partners’ attractiveness remain heterogeneous and ambiguous. This underlines the importance of integrating the specificity of certain traits in experimental research and the necessity of combining them with different social situations.
Oligosaccharides production by enzymatic hydrolysis of banana pseudostem pulp
Authors: Díaz Sara , Ortega Zaida , Benítez Antonio N. , Marrero María D. , Carvalheiro Florbela , Duarte Luís C. , Matsakas Leonidas , Krikigianni Eleni , Rova Ulrika , Christakopoulos Paul , Fernandes Maria C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Banana production generates significant amounts of agricultural wastes, being fiber extraction one of the most relevant alternatives for their valorization. This process produces banana’s pseudostem pulp (BPP) as a byproduct, which shows an interesting composition for the biorefinery’s biochemical platform, with high polysaccharides (68%) and low lignin contents. This work deals with the enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) of raw and hydrothermally pre-treated BPP, focusing on the production of oligosaccharides (OS). Raw BPP hydrolysis with cellulase at different dosages rendered only 3.2% OS yields (OSY). Pectinase addition has not affected EH performance. On the other hand, EH of hydrothermally pre-treated BPP at 150 °C and 170 °C (P150 and P170) allowed to increase OSY up to 28% (P150, 1 FPU of cellulase/g dry biomass, 12 h), being 72% of the solubilized sugars in the form of cello-oligosaccharides. This last condition was subjected to a multi-stage EH strategy without improvements in OSY. An endo-glucanase was also tested, but obtained OSY were lower than cellulase results. Finally, obtained OS demonstrated to stimulate the growth of two Lactobacilli strains. The results show that BPP pre-treated under mild operational conditions is a good candidate for cello-oligosaccharides production by EH using 1 FPU/g DB of cellulase with a simple strategy.
Graphical abstract
Examining adolescent daughters' and their parents’ academic‐gender stereotypes: Predicting academic attitudes, ability, and STEM intentions
Authors: Lapytskaia Aidy Christina , Steele Jennifer R. , Williams Amanda , Lipman Corey , Wong Octavia , Mastragostino Emily 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionWomen continue to be underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and research suggests that academic‐gender stereotypes can be a contributing factor. In the present research, we examined whether adolescent daughters' and their parents' gender stereotypes about math and liberal arts would predict the academic orientation of daughters at a critical time of career related decision‐making. Methods: Participants included girls in late adolescence (N = 185, Mage = 17) and at least one parent (N = 230, Mage = 49), resulting in 147 mother‐daughter dyads and 83 father‐daughter dyads. Implicit academic‐gender stereotypes were measured using an Implicit Association Test (IAT) and explicit stereotypes, academic attitudes, academic ability, and daughters' intentions to pursue a degree in STEM were measured using self‐reports. Results: Neither mothers' nor fathers' implicit or explicit academic‐gender stereotypes predicted adolescent daughters' implicit stereotypes; however, fathers' explicit stereotypes predicted daughters' explicit stereotypes. In addition, daughters' academic orientation, a latent variable composed of adolescent girls' academic attitudes, academic ability, and intentions to pursue a degree in STEM, was predicted by daughters' own implicit and explicit stereotypes. This was the case for relative orientation toward math versus liberal arts, as well as math (but not liberal arts) orientation. Conclusions: These findings suggest the importance of challenging academic‐gender stereotypes during adolescence and suggest that at this stage in development, mothers' and fathers' academic stereotypes might have limited relation to daughters’ own implicit associations with academic domains.
Impact of data accuracy on the evaluation of COVID-19 mitigation policies
Authors: Starnini Michele , Aleta Alberto , Tizzoni Michele , Moreno Yamir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEvaluating the effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial to maximize the epidemic containment while minimizing the social and economic impact of these measures. However, this endeavor crucially relies on surveillance data publicly released by health authorities that can hide several limitations. In this article, we quantify the impact of inaccurate data on the estimation of the time-varying reproduction number$ R(t) $, a pivotal quantity to gauge the variation of the transmissibility originated by the implementation of different NPIs. We focus on Italy and Spain, two European countries among the most severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. For these two countries, we highlight several biases of case-based surveillance data and temporal and spatial limitations in the data regarding the implementation of NPIs. We also demonstrate that a nonbiased estimation of$ R(t) $could have had direct consequences on the decisions taken by the Spanish and Italian governments during the first wave of the pandemic. Our study shows that extreme care should be taken when evaluating intervention policies through publicly available epidemiological data and call for an improvement in the process of COVID-19 data collection, management, storage, and release. Better data policies will allow a more precise evaluation of the effects of containment measures, empowering public health authorities to take more informed decisions.
Huangyan Taizhou
Authors: van de Weijer Jeroen , Sloos Marjoleine , Ran Yunyun 
Published: October 2021

Huangyan dialect (, local name: [wɔ̤ɲjɛ˜̤wa̤]) is a variety of Taizhou dialect () as spoken in Zhejiang Province in China1(see Figure 1).2Huangyan District had a population of 616,000 people in 2019.3The Zhejiang Taizhou dialect belongs to the Wu dialect group, which forms the second largest dialect group in China (after Mandarin). The language genealogy of Huangyan is presented in Figure 2. Wu dialects are spoken in the city of Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, southern Jiangsu Province and bordering areas (see Figure 3), an area with an estimated population of 80 million people in 2013 (Lewis 2009). The Wu dialects are not mutually intelligible with (Standard) Mandarin and often not even with each other (Norman 2003, Wang 2014).
Inter-regime conversations: What barriers persist for individuals in international law?
Authors: Diamond Nicholas J. , Duggal Kabir A. N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIndividuals have long occupied a precarious position within international law. Historically, conceived as the relation between states, international law rarely saw a need to consider individual claims; it was, instead, the role of states to bring claims on behalf of their nationals. As international law has become increasingly fragmented, however, globalization has thrust the individual onto the international legal plane.Within this landscape, we briefly consider individuals’ claims across three separate international regimes: (i) the International Court of Justice, (ii) investment treaties, and (iii) the World Trade Organization. We find that barriers for individuals’ recognition as rights holders persist across each. First, jurisdictional barriers remain fundamentally problematic for recognizing individuals’ claims. Second, the longstanding focus on treaty interpretation techniques has yielded little, if any, demonstrable impact on recognizing individuals’ rights. Third, mere reliance on reflecting human rights values, rather than specific and concrete structural reforms, has proven incompatible with realizing individuals’ rights within these three systems.Individuals qua rights holders have, rather acutely, recently experienced deeply troubling human rights violations on several fronts. Fundamentally, international law must protect human rights. This moment invites us to consider the systems on the international legal plane for individuals to seek such remedy and what barriers must be addressed to further such efforts.