bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prisoners' rights implementation in Japan: breaking the shackles with suspects
Authors: Croydon Silvia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeveral decades have passed since the first call was made toward political scientists, among other social scientists, to devote attention to human rights and enrich, through empirical investigations, our understanding of how human rights implementation works. Today, the political science discipline is finally beginning to respond to this appeal, with an increasing number of scholars making it their goal to isolate variables that obstruct or facilitate human rights implementation. The current paper joins this burgeoning body of literature by offering a within-case analysis of Japanese prison policy-making. In particular, I compare the 2005 bill updating the Prison Law (Kangoku hō) that had been in force in Japan since the Meiji era with an earlier draft version of that bill which appeared in parliament on three occasions since the early 1980s. On the basis of the convergence of these bills in terms of seeking to align Japan with the evolved new global standards for convicted prisoners' treatment, I argue that a three-decade delay occurred in the implementation of prisoners' rights in Japan. To account then for this delay, I point to a provision pertaining to the criminal procedure (i.e., pre-conviction) which was incorporated in the law in question in 1908 merely for pragmatic reasons, and with regard to which the modern-time stakeholders of the bar and the police could not find agreement. Ultimately, the message that this case deals to the political science of human rights is that institutional–infrastructural factors, such as ties of legal nature, matter to human rights implementation.
CONNECTIVITY AND PURITY FOR LOGARITHMIC MOTIVES
Authors: Binda Federico , Merici Alberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe goal of this article is to extend the work of Voevodsky and Morel on the homotopyt-structure on the category of motivic complexes to the context of motives for logarithmic schemes. To do so, we prove an analogue of Morel’s connectivity theorem and show a purity statement for$({\mathbf {P}}^1, \infty )$-local complexes of sheaves with log transfers. The homotopyt-structure on${\operatorname {\mathbf {logDM}^{eff}}}(k)$is proved to be compatible with Voevodsky’st-structure; that is, we show that the comparison functor$R^{{\overline {\square }}}\omega ^*\colon {\operatorname {\mathbf {DM}^{eff}}}(k)\to {\operatorname {\mathbf {logDM}^{eff}}}(k)$ist-exact. The heart of the homotopyt-structure on${\operatorname {\mathbf {logDM}^{eff}}}(k)$is the Grothendieck abelian category of strictly cube-invariant sheaves with log transfers: we use it to build a new version of the category of reciprocity sheaves in the style of Kahn-Saito-Yamazaki and Rülling.
Behavioral Integration of Individual Psychological Assessment Feedback: Assessor and Social Support
Authors: Trudeau Simon , Boudrias Jean-Sébastien , Cournoyer Annabelle 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present study investigates the role of perceived social support and development-focused feedback techniques on behavioral integration of feedback in the context of individual psychological assessment. We hypothesized that development-focused techniques would predict participants’ motivational intention to act on feedback and tested whether perceived social support would mediate or moderate the relationship between motivational intention and behavioral outcomes. We performed structural equation modeling analyses on data collected at two time-points. Two hundred and forty (N = 240) participants completed questionnaires immediately after their feedback session (T1) and 138 of them completed questionnaires three months later (T2). The model results, χ2 = 230.09, p < .01, CFI = .97, TLI = .97, SRMR = .06, RMSEA = .03 90% CI [.02, .05], suggest that development-focused techniques predict motivational intention, social support mediates the relationship between motivational intention and developmental activities (R2 = .31), and social support also interacts with development-focused techniques to predict behavior change (R2 = .40). The relationship between social support and behavioral change is higher when the assessor uses few development-focused techniques (at –1 SD, b = .32, p < .001, 95% CI [.27, .36]). The study provides empirical insights about how behavioral change unfolds in an IPA feedback context and suggests that participants could benefit from obtaining social support to act on feedback. Assessors should focus on development during feedback and encourage the participant to seek social support to facilitate their subsequent professional development. Because the findings rely on self-reported data, future studies would benefit from including observed measures.
Ocean Modification and Seasonality in a Northern Ellesmere Island Glacial Fjord Prior to Ice Shelf Breakup: Milne Fiord
Authors: Hamilton Andrew K. , Mueller Derek , Laval Bernard E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of the break‐up of northern Ellesmere Island ice shelves on fjord dynamics is limited by a lack of ocean observations prior to ice loss. Based on profiling and mooring data collected between 2011 and 2019, we describe the oceanography of Milne Fiord prior to the 2020 breakup of the Milne Ice Shelf, including, sources of ambient water, under‐ice hydrography, glacial modification, and seasonality. Ambient waters originate in the Canada Basin but are modified by interaction with the 100 m thick ice shelf at the fjord entrance, and extensive glacier tongue at the head. Properties within the 436 m deep fjord are depth‐dependent, with freshwater surface runoff and subglacial discharge accumulating in the upper 50 m of the fjord each summer behind the ice shelf. Freshwater export is restricted to a basal channel in the ice shelf, resulting in the fjord being more stratified and warmer than waters offshore year‐round. Below the ice shelf and above a 260 m deep sill unrestricted exchange allows warm Atlantic Water to penetrate to the 150 m deep glacier grounding line where submarine melting occurs. Basal meltwater spreads down‐fjord close to its depth of origin due to the strong stratification. Interannual warming of fjord deepwater is likely driven by shoaling of the Arctic Ocean thermocline and spillover at the sill, highlighting the link between fjord properties and regional oceanography. Further breakup of the ice shelf is predicted to substantially alter fjord dynamics, with consequences for ocean forcing of the Milne Glacier.
Tomographic Radio Occultation Methods Applied to a Dense Cubesat Formation in Low Mars Orbit
Authors: Moeller Gregor , Ao Chi O. , Mannucci Anthony J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe atmospheric measurements made by the eight Mars orbiters in operation (as of April 2021) significantly improved our understanding of the Martian weather and climate. However, while some of the existing Mars orbiters will reach their lifetime, innovative and cost‐effective observation concepts are requested – not only to guarantee continued observation but also to address potential gaps in the existing observing network. Inspired by the success of the two MarsCube One satellites we have established an observation concept, which is based on a series of cubesats, carried to Mars and injected into a low Mars orbit in a so‐called string‐of‐pearls formation. Over the lifetime of the cubesats of about one Martian year, a series of radio occultation (RO) experiments will be carried out with up to 180 partially overlapping RO measurements per day. For processing of the unique set of observations, tomographic principles are applied to the RO measurements for the reconstruction of high‐resolution two‐dimensional temperature and pressure fields of the lower Martian atmosphere. Unlike the standard Abel transform approach, the derived products are not dependent on spherical symmetry assumptions. Thus, insights into various unresolved atmospheric phenomena are obtained – especially of those which are characterized by distinct horizontal gradients in pressure and temperature, for example, as observed at the day‐night terminator, during dust storms, or over complex terrain.
Community context matters for bacteria-phage ecology and evolution
Authors: Blazanin Michael , Turner Paul E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bacteria-phage symbioses are ubiquitous in nature and serve as valuable biological models. Historically, the ecology and evolution of bacteria-phage systems have been studied in either very simple or very complex communities. Although both approaches provide insight, their shortcomings limit our understanding of bacteria and phages in multispecies contexts. To address this gap, here we synthesize the emerging body of bacteria-phage experiments in medium-complexity communities, specifically those that manipulate bacterial community presence. Generally, community presence suppresses both focal bacterial (phage host) and phage densities, while sometimes altering bacteria-phage ecological interactions in diverse ways. Simultaneously, community presence can have an array of evolutionary effects. Sometimes community presence has no effect on the coevolutionary dynamics of bacteria and their associated phages, whereas other times the presence of additional bacterial species constrains bacteria-phage coevolution. At the same time, community context can alter mechanisms of adaptation and interact with the pleiotropic consequences of (co)evolution. Ultimately, these experiments show that community context can have important ecological and evolutionary effects on bacteria-phage systems, but many questions still remain unanswered and ripe for additional investigation.
Pseudogene ACTBP2 increases blood–brain barrier permeability by promoting KHDRBS2 transcription through recruitment of KMT2D/WDR5 in Aβ1–42 microenvironment
Authors: Liu Qianshuo , Liu Xiaobai , Zhao Defeng , Ruan Xuelei , Su Rui , Shang Xiuli , Wang Di , Yang Chunqing , Xue Yixue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) has a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Changes in the structure and function of BBB can accelerate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposition is the major pathological event of AD. We elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of the effect of pseudogene ACTBP2 on the permeability of BBB in Aβ1–42 microenvironment. BBB model treated with Aβ1–42 for 48 h were used to simulate Aβ-mediated BBB dysfunction in AD. We proved that pseudogene ACTBP2, RNA-binding protein KHDRBS2, and transcription factor HEY2 are highly expressed in ECs that were obtained in a BBB model in vitro in Aβ1–42 microenvironment. In Aβ1–42-incubated ECs, ACTBP2 recruits methyltransferases KMT2D and WDR5, binds to KHDRBS2 promoter, and promotes KHDRBS2 transcription. The interaction of KHDRBS2 with the 3′UTR of HEY2 mRNA increases the stability of HEY2 and promotes its expression. HEY2 increases BBB permeability in Aβ1–42 microenvironment by transcriptionally inhibiting the expression of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5. We confirmed that knocking down of Khdrbs2 or Hey2 increased the expression levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 in APP/PS1 mice brain microvessels. ACTBP2/KHDRBS2/HEY2 axis has a crucial role in the regulation of BBB permeability in Aβ1–42 microenvironment, which may provide a novel target for the therapy of AD.
Revisiting steroidogenesis and its role in immune regulation with the advanced tools and technologies
Authors: Chakraborty Soura , Pramanik Jhuma , Mahata Bidesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHistorically tools and technologies facilitated scientific discoveries. Steroid hormone research is not an exception. Unfortunately, the dramatic advancement of the field faded this research area and flagged it as a solved topic. However, it should have been the opposite. The area should glitter with its strong foundation and attract next-generation scientists. Over the past century, a myriad of new facts on biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, physiology and pathology of the steroid hormones was discovered. Several innovations were made and translated into life-saving treatment strategies such as synthetic steroids, and inhibitors of steroidogenesis and steroid signaling. Steroid molecules exhibit their diverse effects on cell metabolism, salt and water balance, development and function of the reproductive system, pregnancy, and immune-cell function. Despite vigorous research, the molecular basis of the immunomodulatory effect of steroids is still mysterious. The recent excitement on local extra-glandular steroidogenesis in regulating inflammation and immunity is revitalizing the topic with a new perspective. Therefore, here we review the role of steroidogenesis in regulating inflammation and immunity, discuss the unresolved questions, and how this area can bring another golden age of steroid hormone research with the development of new tools and technologies and advancement of the scientific methods.
Multiple fermion scattering in the weakly coupled spin-chain compound YbAlO3
Authors: Nikitin S. E. , Nishimoto S. , Fan Y. , Wu J. , Wu L. S. , Sukhanov A. S. , Brando M. , Pavlovskii N. S. , Xu J. , Vasylechko L. , Yu R. , Podlesnyak A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 chain, originally introduced almost a century ago, is one of the best studied models in quantum mechanics due to its exact solution, but nevertheless it continues to present new discoveries. Its low-energy physics is described by the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid of spinless fermions, similar to the conduction electrons in one-dimensional metals. In this work we investigate the Heisenberg spin-chain compound YbAlO3 and show that the weak interchain coupling causes Umklapp scattering between the left- and right-moving fermions and stabilizes an incommensurate spin-density wave order at q = 2kF under finite magnetic fields. These Umklapp processes open a route to multiple coherent scattering of fermions, which results in the formation of satellites at integer multiples of the incommensurate fundamental wavevector Q = nq. Our work provides surprising and profound insight into bandstructure control for emergent fermions in quantum materials, and shows how neutron diffraction can be applied to investigate the phenomenon of coherent multiple scattering in metals through the proxy of quantum magnetic systems.
Distinct mechanisms of the human mitoribosome recycling and antibiotic resistance
Authors: Koripella Ravi Kiran , Deep Ayush , Agrawal Ekansh K. , Keshavan Pooja , Banavali Nilesh K. , Agrawal Rajendra K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRibosomes are recycled for a new round of translation initiation by dissociation of ribosomal subunits, messenger RNA and transfer RNA from their translational post-termination complex. Here we present cryo-EM structures of the human 55S mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) and the mitoribosomal large 39S subunit in complex with mitoribosome recycling factor (RRFmt) and a recycling-specific homolog of elongation factor G (EF-G2mt). These structures clarify an unusual role of a mitochondria-specific segment of RRFmt, identify the structural distinctions that confer functional specificity to EF-G2mt, and show that the deacylated tRNA remains with the dissociated 39S subunit, suggesting a distinct sequence of events in mitoribosome recycling. Furthermore, biochemical and structural analyses reveal that the molecular mechanism of antibiotic fusidic acid resistance for EF-G2mt is markedly different from that of mitochondrial elongation factor EF-G1mt, suggesting that the two human EF-Gmts have evolved diversely to negate the effect of a bacterial antibiotic.
Pixelated bifunctional metasurface-driven dynamic vectorial holographic color prints for photonic security platform
Authors: Kim Inki , Jang Jaehyuck , Kim Gyeongtae , Lee Jihae , Badloe Trevon , Mun Jungho , Rho Junsuk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVectorial holography has gained a lot of attention due to the promise of versatile polarization control of structured light for enhanced optical security and multi-channel optical communication. Here, we propose a bifunctional metasurface which combines both structural color printing and vectorial holography with eight polarization channels towards advanced encryption applications. The structural colour prints are observed under white light while the polarization encoded holograms are reconstructed under laser illumination. To encode multiple holographic images for different polarization states, a pixelated metasurface is adopted. As a proof-of-concept, we devise an electrically tunable optical security platform incorporated with liquid crystals. The optical security platform is doubly encrypted: an image under white light is decrypted to provide the first key and the corresponding information is used to fully unlock the encrypted information via projected vectorial holographic images. Such an electrically tunable optical security platform may enable smart labels for security and anticounterfeiting applications.
P32-specific CAR T cells with dual antitumor and antiangiogenic therapeutic potential in gliomas
Authors: Rousso-Noori Liat , Mastandrea Ignacio , Talmor Shauli , Waks Tova , Globerson Levin Anat , Haugas Maarja , Teesalu Tambet , Alvarez-Vallina Luis , Eshhar Zelig , Friedmann-Morvinski Dinorah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma is considered one of the most aggressive malignancies in adult and pediatric patients. Despite decades of research no curative treatment is available and it thus remains associated with a very dismal prognosis. Although recent pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T cell immunotherapeutic approach in glioblastoma, tumor heterogeneity and antigen loss remain among one of the most important challenges to be addressed. In this study, we identify p32/gC1qR/HABP/C1qBP to be specifically expressed on the surface of glioma cells, making it a suitable tumor associated antigen for redirected CAR T cell therapy. We generate p32 CAR T cells and find them to recognize and specifically eliminate p32 expressing glioma cells and tumor derived endothelial cells in vitro and to control tumor growth in orthotopic syngeneic and xenograft mouse models. Thus, p32 CAR T cells may serve as a therapeutic option for glioblastoma patients.
Integrated omics endotyping of infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and risk of childhood asthma
Authors: Raita Yoshihiko , Pérez-Losada Marcos , Freishtat Robert J. , Harmon Brennan , Mansbach Jonathan M. , Piedra Pedro A. , Zhu Zhaozhong , Camargo Carlos A. , Hasegawa Kohei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is not only the leading cause of hospitalization in U.S. infants, but also a major risk factor for asthma development. While emerging evidence suggests clinical heterogeneity within RSV bronchiolitis, little is known about its biologically-distinct endotypes. Here, we integrated clinical, virus, airway microbiome (species-level), transcriptome, and metabolome data of 221 infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis in a multicentre prospective cohort study. We identified four biologically- and clinically-meaningful endotypes: A) clinicalclassicmicrobiomeM. nonliquefaciensinflammationIFN-intermediate, B) clinicalatopicmicrobiomeS. pneumoniae/M. catarrhalisinflammationIFN-high, C) clinicalseveremicrobiomemixedinflammationIFN-low, and D) clinicalnon-atopicmicrobiomeM.catarrhalisinflammationIL-6. Particularly, compared with endotype A infants, endotype B infants—who are characterized by a high proportion of IgE sensitization and rhinovirus coinfection,S. pneumoniae/M. catarrhaliscodominance, and high IFN-α and -γ response—had a significantly higher risk for developing asthma (9% vs. 38%; OR, 6.00: 95%CI, 2.08–21.9; P = 0.002). Our findings provide an evidence base for the early identification of high-risk children during a critical period of airway development.
Direct observation of trap-assisted recombination in organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Zeiske Stefan , Sandberg Oskar J. , Zarrabi Nasim , Li Wei , Meredith Paul , Armin Ardalan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTrap-assisted recombination caused by localised sub-gap states is one of the most important first-order loss mechanism limiting the power-conversion efficiency of all solar cells. The presence and relevance of trap-assisted recombination in organic photovoltaic devices is still a matter of some considerable ambiguity and debate, hindering the field as it seeks to deliver ever higher efficiencies and ultimately a viable new solar photovoltaic technology. In this work, we show that trap-assisted recombination loss of photocurrent is universally present under operational conditions in a wide variety of organic solar cell materials including the new non-fullerene electron acceptor systems currently breaking all efficiency records. The trap-assisted recombination is found to be induced by states lying 0.35-0.6 eV below the transport edge, acting as deep trap states at light intensities equivalent to 1 sun. Apart from limiting the photocurrent, we show that the associated trap-assisted recombination via these comparatively deep traps is also responsible for ideality factors between 1 and 2, shedding further light on another open and important question as to the fundamental working principles of organic solar cells. Our results also provide insights for avoiding trap-induced losses in related indoor photovoltaic and photodetector applications.
A large multiethnic GWAS meta-analysis of cataract identifies new risk loci and sex-specific effects
Authors: Choquet Hélène , Melles Ronald B. , Anand Deepti , Yin Jie , Cuellar-Partida Gabriel , Wang Wei ,   23andMe Research Team, Hoffmann Thomas J. , Nair K. Saidas , Hysi Pirro G. , Lachke Salil A. , Jorgenson Eric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCataract is the leading cause of blindness among the elderly worldwide and cataract surgery is one of the most common operations performed in the United States. As the genetic etiology of cataract formation remains unclear, we conducted a multiethnic genome-wide association meta-analysis, combining results from the GERA and UK Biobank cohorts, and tested for replication in the 23andMe research cohort. We report 54 genome-wide significant loci, 37 of which were novel. Sex-stratified analyses identified CASP7 as an additional novel locus specific to women. We show that genes within or near 80% of the cataract-associated loci are significantly expressed and/or enriched-expressed in the mouse lens across various spatiotemporal stages as per iSyTE analysis. Furthermore, iSyTE shows 32 candidate genes in the associated loci have altered gene expression in 9 different gene perturbation mouse models of lens defects/cataract, suggesting their relevance to lens biology. Our work provides further insight into the complex genetic architecture of cataract susceptibility.
Recent advanced applications of ion-gel in ionic-gated transistor
Authors: Wang Depeng , Zhao Shufang , Yin Ruiyang , Li Linlin , Lou Zheng , Shen Guozhen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiversified regulation of electrons have received much attention to realize a multi-functional transistor, and it is crucial to have a considerable control over the charge carriers in transistors. Ionic gel, as the dielectric material in transistors, facilitates a large capacitance, and high induced-carrier concentrations. This review presents the recent progress in ionic-gated transistors (IGTs) that have good mechanical stability as well as high physical and chemical stability. We first briefly introduce the various applications of IGTs in sensors, neuromorphic transistors, organic transistor circuits, and health detection. Finally, the future perspectives of IGTs are discussed and some possible solutions to the challenges are also proposed.