bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amplification of Annual and Diurnal Cycles of Alpine Lightning
Authors: Simon Thorsten , Mayr Georg J. , Morgenstern Deborah , Umlauf Nikolaus , Zeileis Achim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The response of lightning to a changing climate is not fully understood. Historic trends of proxies known for fostering convective environments suggest an increase of lightning over large parts of Europe. Since lightning results from the interaction of processes on many scales, as many of these processes as possible must be considered for a comprehensive answer. Recent achievements of decade-long seamless lightning measurements and hourly reanalyses of atmospheric conditions including cloud micro-physics combined with flexible regression techniques have made a reliable reconstruction of lightning down to its seasonally varying diurnal cycle feasible. To include a large variety of land-cover, topographical and atmospheric circulation conditions, the European Eastern Alps and their surroundings are our reconstruction region over a period of four decades. The most intense changes occurred over the high Alps where lightning activity doubled in the past decade compared to the 1980s. There, the lightning season reaches a higher maximum and starts one month earlier, likely due to the earlier snow melt. Diurnally, the peak is up to 50% stronger with more lightning strikes in the afternoon and evening hours. Signals along the southern and northern alpine rim are similar but weaker whereas the flatlands north of the Alps have no significant trend.
The Trade-Off of Post-Mastectomy Radiotherapy Usage for the Breast Cancer Patients Aged 70 Years or Older: A Study Based on SEER Database
Authors: Lin Jingyi , Luo Shiping , Zhang Jie , Song Chuangui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the role of post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in the female aged 70 years or older diagnosed with breast cancer, which is still controversial.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled women aged 70+ years diagnosed with breast cancer between 2004 and 2016 following mastectomy from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce covariable imbalance. A nomogram was created to predict the 1,3,5-years overall survival (OS) of elderly patients based on the the univariable and multivariable COX regression model results. The X-tile software determined the optimal cutoff value of risk scores from the nomogram and divided patients into three risk groups. Results: Of the 27,636 females were eligible, 17.2% (n=4,747) received PMRT while 82,8% (n=22889) not. After 1:1 matching, PMRT were associated with significant improvement in breast cause-specific survival (BCSS) and OS (p <0.001). By contrast, the BCSS and OS benefit from PMRT were not significant in patients with T1N1 tumor (BCSS：HR = 0.716，p = 0.249；OS：HR = 0.908，p = 0.572), and T2N1 tumor (BCSS：HR = 0.866，p = 0.289；OS：HR = 0.879，p = 0.166). Stratified by subtype, the HR+/HER-2- subtype and the HR-/HER-2- subtype (all p<0.001) have a significant prolonged survival, yet not significant difference are shown in the HER-2+ tumor. The nomogram has high predictive accuracy and discrimination, and well distinguish three risk groups. In the low-risk group, PMRT didn't significantly better OS (p=0.203).Conclusions: This study demonstrated that post-mastectomy radiotherapy improves the survival of females with elderly breast cancer. After a comprehensive assessment of the side effects and the quality of life, the omission of PMRT could be considered in patients with T1-2N1 breast cancer. Furthermore, the nomogram we constructed could be used as a decision tool for the omission of PMRT in low-risk elderly patients.
Outcome of Primary Intraosseous Carcinoma: Cases Review of Single Institution
Authors: long en , You Dongling , Wang Shubin , Lu Shun , Xu Peng , Zhou Jie , Li Lu , Wu Jian , Zhang Biqin , Lang Jinyi , Zhu Guiquan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors and treatment of primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC).Methods: Patients who diagnosed with PIOC and received treatment in Sichuan cancer hospital from 1996 to 2020 were followed up and retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses base on clinical-pathological characteristics and therapeutic modalities were performed using the Log rank test and Cox regression model respectively.Result: A total of 28 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 60 years (60±10.11). The 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 60.7% and 38.5% respectively. In the univariate analysis, surgery combined with adjuvant therapy improved the OS compared with surgery or radiotherapy alone (P=0.035), and patients received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy had a higher OS than those who received radical radiotherapy (P = 0.01). In addition, patients with well differentiated tumors tent to have increased progression free survival (PFS) (P=0.01). Multivariate analyses showed that radiotherapy was independent indicators for OS (HR: 0.212, 95% CI: 0.068–0.660, P = 0.007).Conclusion: surgery combined with adjuvant therapy is the superior treatment strategy for primary intraosseous carcinoma at present. This study is the first to report the important role of radiotherapy in the treatment of primary intraosseous carcinoma.Mini Abstract：surgery plus adjuvant therapy is the preferred treatment for primary intraosseous carcinoma and it is first to illustrate the important role of radiotherapy.
Association of MTHFR rs1801133 and Homocysteine With Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease in Mexican Patients
Authors: Pazarán José Guillermo Buendía , Zamora Edgar Hernández , Rodríguez-Olivas Armando Odiseo , Ávila Leonora Casas , Flores Margarita Valdés , Maldonado Elba Reyes 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is an avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral epiphysis. It is a rare disease of unclear etiology in children. Alterations in coagulation, or the collagen gene have been described and could be associated with its etiology. Therefore, we set out to evaluate the following alterations: COL1A1 (rs1107946, rs2412298), COL2A1 (rs121912891 and rs387106558), MTHFR rs1801133, CBS rs115742905, and PT rs1799963 and their relationship with LCPD.Methods: DNA was obtained and genotyped by real-time PCR with TaqMan probes. It was determined prothrombin and homocysteine (Hcy) by a coagulometric method. The variables were described as mean and standard deviation or percentages, and genotypic and allelic distributions were analyzed using the Student's t-test. In addition, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and OR.Results: We studied 23 patients with LCPD and 46 controls. We did not find any association of the MTHFR, CBS, PT, COL1A1, and COL2A1 genetic variants with LCPD. However, when adjusting the data with the Hcy values for the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, the C/C genotypes showed an association with the recessive model (p = 0.038) with susceptibility to LCPD.Conclusion: No association was found with the CBS, PT, COL1A1, and COL2A1 genes. Nevertheless, our results suggest a significant link between moderately elevated Hcy levels and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in a cohort of Mexican children with LCPD.
Establishing and Boosting Communication in The European Reference Network For Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND): The Impact of Offering Free Educational Webinars
Authors: Brunelle-Praschberger Alicia , Post Annemarie E.M. , Hermanns Sanja , Graessner Holm 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Since it first started operating in 2017, the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND) implemented a multi-channel communication strategy to effectively reach its target audience: healthcare professionals, patients, researchers, industry representatives and the general public. It first created a website containing useful and up to date information followed by social media accounts. We compared the analytical data collected about the ERN-RND website and social media channels (Twitter, Facebook, YouTube) during two periods: October 2018 to September 2019 and the year after the ERN-RND free educational webinars were launched, from October 2019 to September 2020. This allowed us to quantify the impact of offering a tangible product (webinars) on the communication strategy. Results: The analytical data obtained from October 2018 to September 2019 and from October 2019 to September 2020 clearly shows a significant increase in traffic and followers since the launch of the ERN-RND webinars in November 2019. We also created a communication survey which was disseminated between February and June 2021. We collected responses from 61 people: 38 healthcare professionals, 11 scientists, 10 patients (advocates), 2 industry representatives, 1 patient association, 1 charity representative, 1 resident and 1 master student. Most respondents answered ”webinars” as the number one reason when asked about which content they look for on the ERN-RND website. Conclusions: Offering a tangible product - such as the webinars presented in this report - to a specific target group (healthcare professionals) supported our communication strategy by driving traffic to ERN-RND communication channels. It has also successfully tackled ERN-RND’s general aim: by enabling the flow of knowledge on rare neurological and movement disorders reach the medical community in hospitals treating patients with these rare and complex conditions, patients ultimately benefit from improved and faster diagnosis, care, and treatment. We aim to set up similar strategies to effectively reach other or the same target groups. For healthcare professionals, organising eConsultations via the Clinical Patient Management System (CPMS) or disseminating standards of care such as diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms as well as clinical practice guidelines might offer potential. For the patient community, organising customised and multilingual webinars could also work.
External Debt Burden and Infrastructural Development Nexus in Nigeria: An ARDL Approach (1981-2020)
Authors: Onwuka Chinonye Emmanuel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study focused on external debt burden and infrastructural development nexus in Nigeria using data spanning between the periods 1981 to 2020 by employing the use of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) and granger causality test as the major statistical techniques of analysis. From the findings, the coefficient of error correction term shows that about 70 percent of the discrepancy between the actual and the long run or equilibrium value of infrastructural development is corrected or eliminated each year. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.680 which shows that about 68 percent variations in the infrastructural development were explained by the independent variables. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test shows that all variables were stationary at first difference. The results for the Bounds test reveal that there is a long run relationship among the variables. This is because the F-statistics value (5.194) is greater than upper Bounds critical values at 5% level of significant. The ARDL results show that external debt, domestic debt and inflation rate have a negative impact on infrastructural development in the long run while exchange rate and interest rate has a positive effect on infrastructural development in the long run. Also, domestic debt and exchange rate were found to have a significant impact on infrastructural development while external debt, inflation rate and interest rate were found to be insignificant in the long run. Furthermore, the granger causality test results indicate while there is no causality between external debt and infrastructural development, there seems to be a unidirectional causality between domestic debt and infrastructural growth in Nigeria. The study concludes that federal government of the country should cut down excessive borrowings and that the existing ones are invested in projects that would eventually generate enough returns to defray such debts accordingly. Also, an adoption of policy framework that will ensure macroeconomic stability such as price stability, job creation, increased output, political stability, etc. becomes fundamental in getting rid of heavy reliance on external debt in the country.
Investigating Molecular Mechanisms of Insecticide Resistance in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Bandibabone Janvier , McLoughlin Charles , N'Do Sévérin , Bantuzeko Chimanuka , Byabushi Vital , Jeanberckmans Muhigwa , Guardiola Maite , Zawadi Bertin , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Prudhomme Jorian , Walker Thomas , Messenger Louisa Alexandra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria vector control in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is plagued by several major challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of access to health care systems and preventative measures, and more recently the widespread emergence of insecticide resistance among Anopheles mosquitoes. Across 26 provinces, insecticide resistance has been reported from multiple sentinel sites. However, to date, investigation of molecular resistance mechanisms among Anopheles vector populations in DRC has been more limited.MethodsAdult Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus s.l. were collected from two sites in Sud-Kivu province and one site in Haut-Uélé province and PCR-screened for the presence of 11 resistance mutations, to provide additional information on frequency of resistance mechanisms in the eastern DRC, and to critically evaluate the utility of these markers for prospective country-wide resistance monitoring. ResultsL1014F-kdr and L1014S-kdr were present in 75.9% and 56.7% of An. gambiae s.l. screened, respectively, with some individuals harbouring both resistant alleles. Across the three study sites, L43F-CYP4J5 allele frequency ranged from 0.42-0.52, with evidence for ongoing selection. G119S-ace1 was also identified in all sites but at lower levels. A triple mutant haplotype (comprising the point mutation CYP6P4-I236M, the insertion of a partial Zanzibar-like transposable element and duplication of CYP6AA1) was present at high frequencies. In An. funestus s.l. cis-regulatory polymorphisms in CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b were detected, with allele frequencies ranging from 0.82-0.98 and 0.65-0.83, respectively. ConclusionsThis study screened the most up-to-date panel of DNA-based resistance markers in An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus s.l. from the eastern DRC, where resistance data is lacking. We identified several new candidate markers (CYP4J5, G119S-ace1, the triple mutant, CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b), which are diagnostic of resistance to major insecticide classes, and warrant future, larger-scale monitoring in the DRC to inform vector control decisions by the National Malaria Control Programme.
Determinants of Male Involvement in Family Planning Services in Abia State, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Amuzie Chidinma Ihuoma , Nwamoh Uche Ngozi , Ukegbu Andy , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David , Azuogu Benedict Ndubueze , Agbo Ugonma Okpechi , Balogun Muhammad Shakir 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Male involvement in family planning (FP) remains low in male-dominant communities. Family planning contributes to the regulation of fertility and population growth in Nigeria. Increasing male involvement in family planning services is crucial in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality in patriarchal societies such as Nigeria. This study identified the determinants of male involvement in family planning services in Abia State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in twelve communities of Abia State, Nigeria. A total of 588 married men who met the eligibility criteria were recruited using a multistage sampling technique. An interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the variables. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was done. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The overall level of active male involvement in family planning services was 55.1% (95% CI:51.0%- 59.2%). The mean age of the respondents was 42.4±8.0 years. Access to television (aOR= 1.58, 95% CI: 1.05-2.39), spouse employment status (aOR= 2.02, 95% CI: 1.33-2.06), shared decision-making (aOR= 1.66, 95% CI: 1.05-2.62), and accompanying spouse to the FP clinic (aOR= 3.15, 95% CI: 2.16-4.62) were all predictors of active male involvement.Conclusion: Active involvement of men in family planning services was moderate. This was predicted by access to television, employment status of spouse, shared decision-making, and accompanying spouse to the FP clinic. There is a need to focus on the identified factors in order to further improve the active involvement of men in FP services.
Experimental Investigation On Machining Performance During Orbital Drilling of CFRP
Authors: Kong Linghao , Gao Dong , Lu Yong , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As the most promising CFRP hole making method, orbital drilling is widely concerned. This paper aims to understand the influence of the cutting parameters, tool diameters and ratio between milling and drilling (Rm&d) on thrust force, cutting temperature, tool wear and machining quality in CFRP orbital drilling. The effects of cutting parameters on thrust force and cutting temperature were studied by orthogonal experiments, and experiments were performed to investigate the variations of tool diameters, ratio between drilling and milling on thrust force, cutting temperature, tool wear and machining quality. The experimental results show that the tangential feed rate has no apparent effects on thrust force, but it appreciably impacts on the cutting temperature. The selection of tool diameter and the Rm&d has specific influence on tool wear, machining quality and cutting temperature. The result is helpful for selecting cutting parameters and tool diameters for high quality holes machining in CFRP orbital drilling.
A Robust Fast Bridging Algorithm for Laser Cutting
Authors: Hu Qirui , Lin Zhiwei , Fu Jianzhong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bridging the different parts together is considered a simple but effective strategy to reduce the number of piercing operations during laser cutting. However, fast bridging is never an easy task. In this paper, we present a near-linear bridging algorithm for the input parts with the shortest total bridge length. At first, the input part contours are discretized into a point cloud, then the point cloud is triangulated with the Delaunay standard. The shortest line segments between any two adjacent parts are found in the triangles connecting the two parts. These segments are finally extended into bridges. To solve the problem of the damages to the contour characteristics caused by the bridges, some restrictions are set on the screening of the discrete point cloud and the Delaunay triangles. This algorithm not only ensures the minimum total distance of all bridges, but also avoids the problem of generating bridge loops. Computational experiments show that the proposed bridging algorithm is much faster than that in existing commercial software. The feasibility and superiority of the algorithm are verified by actual lasering cutting experiments.
Cryptoanalysis on a Cloud-Centric Internet-of-Medical-Things-Enabled Smart Healthcare System
Authors: Chang Jinyong , Ren Qiaochuan , Zhang Anling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The interconnecting of the biomedical sensors (in healthcare system) with cloud for the internet-of-medical-things (IoMT) technology has great potential to ameliorate people's living conditions. The privacy-preserving of personal health information (PHI) and the mutual authentication between the sensors and other entities are two main factors that affect the further applications of cloud-centric IoMT technology. In the recent work [IEEE IoT Journal, vol. 7(10), 10650-10659, 2020], Kumar and Chand applied identity-based aggregate signcryption scheme to the smart healthcare system (KC-system, for short), which provides privacy-preserving of PHI and the mutual authentication function, simultaneously. However, in this paper, we carefully analyze the security of KCsystem and find out that the critical authentication keys of entities can be easily recovered from their communication contents. In other words, the mutual authentication function of KC-system can be easily broken. Moreover, the recovering of the keys will lead to the tedious processes, including obtaining partial private key (from network manager) and requesting for key-protection (from key-protection servers), become completely useless. Finally, we remark that it seems to be hard to remedy the current KC-system so that it is immune to our attack.
Influence of a Turbulent Jet Engine Exhaust on Laguerre-Gaussian Correlated Shell-Model Beams
Authors: Nabil Hassan , Balhamri Adil A. , Belafhal Abdelmajid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the influence of a turbulence jet engine exhaust on Laguerre-Gaussian correlated shell-model beams (LGSMBs). The analytical formulae of the cross-spectral density function as well as the beam width are derived based on the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction principle and the second-order moments of the Wigner distribution function, respectively. From our main results, the spectral density, the degree of coherence and beam width of a LGSMB are analyzed numerically. It is found that for high source coherence width, the spectral density changes gradually its profiles from circular to elliptical shape at short propagation distance, then the beam transforms into a well like Gaussian at long propagation distance. Although, at very short propagation distance, the beam becomes an elliptical dark hollow if the source coherence is very lower. Also, the numerical results show that the LGSMB spreads more rapidly than the GSMB in the same conditions.
A new low complexity bus travel time estimator for fleet management system
Authors: Alizade Emad , Hendessi Ali , Hendessi Faramarz , Hashemi Massoud Reza 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Improving the experience of using the public transportation system can be done by estimating the arrival time of the bus and notifying the passengers. Consequently, the accuracy of the estimation affects this experience. As the number of buses, stations, and service areas increases, so does the data collected in the cloud, making travel time estimation-related data processing more challenging. Despite this challenge, a distributed method for estimating the arrival time of the bus is considered in this paper. Also, we present a way to decentralize data processing and distribute it on each bus. Besides, using the Kalman filter and updating the estimated values at short intervals improves the estimation error. Examination of the degree of complexity shows that the proposed method has significantly reduced the complexity in the cloud, which makes the proposed method can be implemented in metropolitan areas. The results of implementation on a dataset, show that the proposed method has a good performance in terms of mean square error and root mean square.