bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid near and far field electrospinning of PVDF-TrFE/BaTiO3 scaffolds: morphology and osteoblast-like cell responses
Authors: Ribeiro Larissa Mayra Silva , Berniak Krzysztof , Sukumaran Sunija , Gimenes Rossano , Stachewicz Urszula 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Scaffolds are of great interest in tissue engineering associated with regenerative medicine owing to their ability to mimic biological structures and provide support for new tissue formation. Several techniques are used to produce biological scaffolds; among them, far-field electrospinning (FFES) process is widely used due to its versatility in producing promising structures similar to native tissues owing to the electrospun nanofibers. On the other hand, near-field electrospinning (NFES) has been investigated due to the possibility of creating scaffolds with suitable architecture for their use in specific biological tissues. Thus, we investigated the potential of the electrospun scaffolds prepared using both techniques FFES and NFES, with tailored properties to mimic bone tissue native matrix and enhance the cell response. We produced scaffolds with the piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) combined with BaTiO3 nanoparticles. Hence, the properties of both scaffolds were evaluated in terms of crystallinity and cell behavior, such as adhesion, proliferation and cell viability. Microstructure properties showed good thermal stability, similar crystallinity (∼65%) and a β-phase content of ∼40% for both scaffolds. For biological tests, MG-63 osteoblast-like cells were used, and for NFES scaffolds, we noted that the proliferation and cell alignment followed the fiber pattern and created a bridge between adjacent fibers. In contrast, cells spread and proliferated randomly on the surface of the FFES scaffold. Despite the differences in cell behavior, both scaffolds showed good biocompatibility in terms of functional scaffolds with suitable characteristics for use in the area of tissue regeneration.
Internal climate variability modulates decadal changes in ocean anthropogenic carbon storage
Authors: Olivarez Holly C , Lovenduski Nicole S , Maroon Elizabeth , Müller Jens D , Fay Amanda R , Krumhardt Kristen M , Levy Michael N , Lindsay Keith , McKinley Galen A , Rader Jamin K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The ocean removes man-made (anthropogenic) carbon from the atmosphere and thereby mitigates climate change. Observations from global hydrographic surveys reveal the spatial and temporal evolution of the ocean inventory of anthropogenic carbon and suggest substantial decadal variability in historical storage rates. Here, we use a 100-member ensemble of an Earth system model to investigate the influence of external forcing and internal climate variability on historical changes in ocean anthropogenic carbon storage over 1994 to 2014. Our findings reveal that the externally forced, decadal changes in storage are largest in the Atlantic (2–4 mmol m−3 decade−1) and positive nearly everywhere. Internal climate variability modulates regional ocean anthropogenic carbon storage trends by up to 10 mmol m−3 decade−1. The influence of internal climate variability on decadal storage changes is most prominent at depths of ∼300 m and at the edges of the subtropical gyres. Internal variability in anthropogenic carbon in the extratropics has high spectral power on decadal to multi-decadal timescales, indicating that the approximately decadal repetitions of hydrographic surveys may produce storage change estimates that are heavily influenced by internal climate variability.
Circular economy strategies and environmental management in post-war recovery of Ukraine
Authors: Mikhno Inesa , Filipishyna Liliya , Rohoza Kostiantyn , Paska Ihor , Ponedilchuk Tetiana , Vasylenko Olena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The study analyzes the issue of rebuilding Ukrainian territories destroyed by military actions based on circular economy and environmental management. The analysis of pollution levels (Numbeo) in countries with military conflicts showed an average pollution level (62.1), which may influence the recovery process in Ukraine compared to countries with high pollution levels, such as Lebanon (89.4) and Syria (74.9). However, Ukraine has a low waste recycling rate (4.5%), which could complicate environmental recovery. The implementation of the circular economy in reconstructing Ukraine’s infrastructure and the waste recycling process is suggested based on mobile laser sorting installations. The technology of mobile laser sorting installations allows efficient sorting of various materials, including metals, plastics, and construction debris, which can reduce recovery costs and optimize the use of available resources. To reduce environmental consequences and improve post-war recovery, it is suggested that pollution monitoring strategies be developed, investments in implementing the circular economy should be increased, and modern waste recycling technologies should be adopted. The analysis of the international experience in the recovery of affected regions highlights the importance of integrating environmental strategies into the recovery process, particularly by increasing the waste recycling rate and utilizing advanced technologies.
Engineering Management of Energy Utilities for Sustainable Development
Authors: Hrinchenko Hanna , Antonenko Nataliia , Tarasov Igor , Trokhymenko Ganna , Magas Nataliia , Sarzhynskyi Serhii 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The study proposes a model of engineering management of energy enterprises for sustainable development, which includes monitoring and evaluation of the technical condition of energy facilities, planning maintenance work based on the assessment results, and forecasting violations of normal operating conditions. Based on these data, the life cycle of energy equipment is managed, and the effectiveness of engineering decision-making is determined within the engineering management framework. The engineering management model is based on an integrated approach covering all equipment life cycle stages. On the example of pipeline systems of nuclear power plants, the article proposes to manage degradation processes and the sustainability of operations by reducing vibration load, which significantly impacts the efficiency, reliability, and safety of all power plant equipment. A damping vibration isolating support with an elastic rubber element is proposed, the advantage of which is the ability to adjust the stiffness of the support. Studies with the adjustment of the rigidity of the fasteners and the study of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the pipeline section with additional damping supports showed a decrease in the maximum amplitudes of oscillations from 800 microns to 35 microns in section 1 and from 425 microns to 20 microns in section 2 and the effectiveness of their use for frequency restoration and reduction of oscillations.
The Effect of Indonesian Coal Characteristics on The Pyrolysis Activation Energy
Authors: Putri Wijayanti Meilinda , Haris Widayat Agus , Anggayana Komang , Halim Nurulhuda , Al Hamda Aisyah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Coal is one of the primary energy sources in Indonesia. As the demand for thermal coal has increased, global environmental concern has also raised. Implementation of clean coal technology such as gasification is therefore a challenge and opportunity for future coal beneficiation. Pyrolysis is an early stage of gasification process which in this study would be investigated. Samples of three coals were taken from different coal basins to evaluate their characteristics. Sample B1, B2 and B3 are from Meulaboh, Kutai and South Sumatra Basins, respectively. The characterization included proximate, ultimate, calorific value and thermogravimetric analyses. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) supports the understanding coal thermal behavior, specifically on the pyrolysis stage. The data can also be used for activation energy (Ea) determination. The results of this study show that sample B1 is classified as sub-bituminous C with an Ea value of 64.27 kJ/mol, sample B2 is categorized as sub-bituminous A with an Ea value of 79.41 kJ/mol, and sample B3 is ranked higher, classified as high volatile C bituminous, with an Ea value of 96.24 kJ/mol. The higher coal rank, the higher Ea is needed for pyrolysis decomposition.
Free-space propagation of double-ring perfect optical vortex beams
Authors: Kumar Das B , Buitrago C , Krüger M , Ciappina M F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Single-ring perfect optical vortex (SR-POV) beams have received significant attention from the singular optics community due to their topological charge (TC)-independent ring radius, which offers certain advantages over conventional vortex beams such as Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) and Bessel-Gaussian (BG) beams in applications like particle trapping, optical communication, and imaging. However, the generation of double-ring perfect optical vortices (DR-POVs), embedded with two TCs, offers greater advantages over SR-POVs in terms of robustness during propagation and enhanced channel capacity in communication networks. In our theoretical analysis, we first highlight the differences between true and approximated representations of DR-POV beams. We then investigate the propagation of DR-POV beams in free-space, demonstrating how their evolution is influenced by factors such as the TCs of the inner and outer rings and the ratio of the beam radius to beam width at the waist plane. Similar to SR-POV beams, DR-POV beams exhibit non-diffracting behavior over short propagation distances, with little to no impact on the beam’s propagation when the TCs of the inner and outer rings are altered. However, phase wandering characteristics are observed, even over short propagation distances. Our research could find potential applications in the field of free-space optical communication.
Optimization of SiC reinforced Al7039/Cu composites for enhanced thermal conductivity and hardness via response surface methodology
Authors: Teferi Fetene Teshome , Kolhe Kishor Purushottam , Tsegaw Assefa Asmare , Fatoba Samuel Olawale 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Advancements in engineering technologies are fundamentally driven by the development of superior materials with tailored properties to meet stringent application demands. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) have emerged as essential solutions for such customization. This study presents the synthesis and optimization of Al7039/Cu/SiC MMCs to significantly enhance thermal conductivity and hardness using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The composites were fabricated by combining aluminum 7039 alloy with high-purity copper (99.98%) and reinforcing them with silicon carbide (SiC) particles. Specimens were efficiently produced using a cost-effective stir casting method with silica sand shell molds using an induction melting furnace. The optimization process involved varying the weight fractions of Al7039 (73%–91%), Cu (4%–12%), and SiC (5%–15%) across 20 experimental runs. Hardness and thermal conductivity were measured using a Rockwell B tester and steady-state linear testing, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that weight fraction variations significantly influenced the measured properties. Statistically significant quadratic models were developed, exhibiting less than 5% variation at a 95% confidence level. Numerical optimization indicated that decreasing Al7039 content while increasing Cu and SiC fractions maximizes thermal conductivity and hardness. This process identified 34 viable solutions, with the optimal composition being 69.22 wt% Al7039, 12 wt% Cu, and 15 wt% SiC. This formulation achieved a thermal conductivity of 167.2 W/m. K and a hardness of 186.1 BHN, corresponding to a desirability score of 0.859 (86%). For robust validation, experiments were meticulously conducted in triplicate using the same procedures and equipment as in the predictive modeling. The experimental results closely matched the predicted values, yielding 169.6 W/m. K and 190.4 BHN improvements of 17.5% and 30% in thermal conductivity and hardness over the base Al7039 alloy, respectively. The optimized Al7039/Cu/SiC composites exhibit significant enhancements over the base alloy, offering excellent properties suitable for demanding applications such as heat sinks, heat exchangers, mold tooling, and critical components in the automotive and aerospace sectors. This study emphasizes the potential of optimized MMCs to efficiently and cost-effectively fulfill advanced engineering requirements, promoting their adoption in innovative technologies.
Evaluating regional sustainable energy potential through hierarchical clustering and machine learning
Authors: Avcı Azkeskin Selen , Aladağ Zerrin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Energy is an essential resource for sustaining daily life and achieving economic growth. The increase in global energy demand, combined with the adverse environmental impacts of fossil fuels, has highlighted the urgency of transitioning to sustainable energy sources. In large and heterogeneous countries like Türkiye, region-specific analyses of sustainable energy potential (SEP) are crucial for formulating effective policies and optimizing resource allocation. This study introduces a novel two-step hierarchical clustering and classification framework to evaluate the SEP of Türkiye’s provinces comprehensively. The framework combines fuzzy and crisp clustering methods to capture the complex relationships among socioeconomic, geographical, and renewable energy potential criteria. First, the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm is employed to perform fuzzy clustering using three main criteria and three different distance metrics—Euclidean, Manhattan, and Minkowski—, resulting in 21 clustering scenarios. Membership degrees from the fuzzy clustering phase are then integrated into a new dataset, which undergoes crisp clustering using the K-Means algorithm. This approach provides both granular and definitive cluster structures, enabling a robust analysis of regional energy characteristics. To validate the clustering results, supervised classification methods—including K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)—are utilized, alongside ensemble models based on RF and XGBoost. The classification results are compared with traditional clustering evaluation indices, such as the Silhouette and Calinski-Harabasz indices, demonstrating the feasibility of using classification models to assess clustering accuracy. This study’s key contributions lie in integrating clustering and classification methods systematically and providing actionable insights into which renewable energy sources are most suitable for each cluster. By tailoring policy recommendations to the unique characteristics of each cluster, this framework not only corroborates existing findings in the literature but also extends them by offering a practical methodology for regional energy planning.
Association of immune-mediated diseases with the risk of dementia and brain structure in UK Biobank participants
Authors: Cai Jinhua , Rong Heng , Chen Jiongxue , Deng Zhenhong , Chen Sitai , Liao Huanquan , Pan Dong , Chen Yanting , Shi Zhongshan , Li Yi , Li Honghong , Xu Yongteng , Tang Yamei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Immunity and inflammation may be essential to the pathogenesis of dementia. However, the association of immune-mediated diseases with the risk of incident dementia has not been well characterised.

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the prospective association of 27 immune-mediated diseases and incident dementia risk and to explore the underlying mechanisms driven by brain structures.

Methods
We included 487 459 UK Biobank participants aged 37–73 years without dementia at enrolment. Immune-mediated diseases and dementia cases were ascertained according to the International Classification of Diseases codes. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards regression and general linear regression models were used to examine the association of immune-mediated disease with incident dementia risk and brain morphometric measures, respectively.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 1654 cases of incident dementia were documented in 86 243 patients with immune-mediated diseases. Overall, immune-mediated diseases were associated with a higher all-cause dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.32). Five out of 27 immune-mediated diseases were associated with an increased risk of dementia individually. Comorbidity of multiple immune-mediated diseases further increased the risk. Moreover, the immune-mediated disease was associated with smaller total surface areas of both left (β, −286.51; SE, 102.58; P = .014) and right hemispheres (β, −298.56; SE, 103.96; P = .016), greater white matter hyperintensities volume (β, 1.02; SE, 0.13; P &lt; .001) and less healthy white matter microstructures.

Conclusions
Immune-mediated diseases were associated with an increased risk of incident dementia, and the association of those diseases with brain structural abnormalities might provide clues to the underlying mechanisms.
Genome-wide association neural networks identify genes linked to family history of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ghose Upamanyu , Sproviero William , Winchester Laura , Amin Najaf , Zhu Taiyu , Newby Danielle , Ulm Brittany S , Papathanasiou Angeliki , Shi Liu , Liu Qiang , Fernandes Marco , Adams Cassandra , Albukhari Ashwag , Almansouri Majid , Choudhry Hani , van Duijn Cornelia , Nevado-Holgado Alejo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Augmenting traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with advanced machine learning algorithms can allow the detection of novel signals in available cohorts. We introduce “genome-wide association neural networks (GWANN)” a novel approach that uses neural networks (NNs) to perform a gene-level association study with family history of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In UK Biobank, we defined cases (n = 42 110) as those with AD or family history of AD and sampled an equal number of controls. The data was split into an 80:20 ratio of training and testing samples, and GWANN was trained on the former followed by identifying associated genes using its performance on the latter. Our method identified 18 genes to be associated with family history of AD. APOE, BIN1, SORL1, ADAM10, APH1B, and SPI1 have been identified by previous AD GWAS. Among the 12 new genes, PCDH9, NRG3, ROR1, LINGO2, SMYD3, and LRRC7 have been associated with neurofibrillary tangles or phosphorylated tau in previous studies. Furthermore, there is evidence for differential transcriptomic or proteomic expression between AD and healthy brains for 10 of the 12 new genes. A series of post hoc analyses resulted in a significantly enriched protein–protein interaction network (P-value &lt; 1 × 10−16), and enrichment of relevant disease and biological pathways such as focal adhesion (P-value = 1 × 10−4), extracellular matrix organization (P-value = 1 × 10−4), Hippo signaling (P-value = 7 × 10−4), Alzheimer’s disease (P-value = 3 × 10−4), and impaired cognition (P-value = 4 × 10−3). Applying NNs for GWAS illustrates their potential to complement existing algorithms and methods and enable the discovery of new associations without the need to expand existing cohorts.
Social Representations of the Jihadist: A Study of an Emerging Identity in Street Culture
Authors: Tutenges Sébastien , Wästerfors David , Hedlund Anna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Over the last two decades, the social identity of the jihadist has become a central part of street culture. Depictions of jihadists can be found in popular music, movies and media reports. Propaganda celebrating or condemning jihadism circulates online, and a significant number of individuals with a background in street crime have flirted with or converted to jihadism. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Oslo, this article analyses how Muslims involved in street life and crime construct and relate to the social identity of the jihadist. The Durkheimian theory of representations is employed to show how the joint construction of this identity shapes the ways in which people on the street make sense of themselves, their enemies, and the actions they take towards jihadi extremism. In conclusion, we argue that the theory of representations, including the concepts of anchoring and objectification, should be incorporated into the analytical toolboxes of cultural criminology and narrative criminology to deepen our understanding of how meaning-making unfolds in cultural context.
Offering security or incentives: The relationship among sector type, organizational support, and turnover intentions of social workers in China
Authors: Zhao Fangdu , Cao Yaqin , Zhang Huimin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High turnover rates are a global issue, prompting discussions on stabilizing social work employment, especially in China, where the Ministry of Social Work is being established. This study examined the relationship between the support received by social workers and their intention to leave under these two modes of employment, public-sector employment and third-sector employment. The research sample consisted of 6,776 social workers from the 2019 China Longitudinal Study of Social Work. Multiple regression techniques and mediation analysis were used to analyse the data. Our findings indicate that agency social workers employed in the public sector had lower turnover intentions, whereas those employed in the third sector were less stable. Social workers employed in the public sector might receive more support from social networks and social security benefits, which reduces turnover intentions under the influence of social reputation and career stability. In contrast, social workers employed in the public sector possess lower work incentives and autonomy, and their lack of collective psychological ownership could increase turnover intentions. Future development of the social work workforce should focus on combining stable employment with incentive reforms, such as strengthening autonomy, to optimize the career development environment for social workers while promoting stability.