bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality of Food Use and Caching in New Zealand Robins (Petroica Australis)
Authors:   , Steer Jamie Ernest Sherred 
Published: November 2021

<p>Foraging behaviour in birds is strongly determined by temporal factors such as season and time of day. Most birds show a limited number of food use methods such as consuming, feeding to conspecifics, or discarding. A relatively small number of birds also cache food for later use. The expression of caching in birds has been attributed to numerous factors. However, noting the environmental instability experienced by most caching species, researchers tend to cite survival of future food scarcity as the predominant advantage. Recording the food use behaviour of wild birds is typically difficult and time consuming, and many studies of north-temperate food-caching birds are limited by long caching distances, protracted caching durations, and a lack of year-round data. Additionally, food-caching in Australasian passerines has received limited quantification. The naïveté of the New Zealand robin (Petroica australis) makes it ideal for behavioural observations in the wild. Robins express a wide range of food use behaviours within close proximity of observers, and cached food is retrieved within a few days. Food use can be observed year-round in a temperate environment that is relatively stable. Thus, food use decisions in robins can be assessed in a wider context. In this study, behavioural data were collected from robins inhabiting the Karori Wildlife Sanctuary in Wellington. Robin behaviour was quantified by presenting monogamous, paired birds an ephemeral food resource and observing their responses. Seasonal variation in food use differed with sex and season. Birds mediated their food use in response to the presence of conspecifics. Males dominated food use year-round. During the breeding season, males cached little, mostly feeding familial conspecifics. However, non-breeding males selfishly cached food. Conversely, female caching propensity was mediated by courtship feeding during the breeding season, and the threat of male pilferage outside of it. Birds did not appear to anticipate future food scarcity. Instead, food was cached in the season in which retrieval would be least necessary. In robins, food is opportunistically cached, mainly as a competitive response to excess food.</p>
Whakaohonga nā Kahungatanga: Awakening from Addiction
Authors:   , Hughes Hemaima Mariana 
Published: November 2021

<p>Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, abuse and addiction are destructive to Māori and are an urgent problem; wairuatanga, cultural identity and tino rangatiratanga (self determination) are key to successful recovery ffom AODs for Maori. Kaupapa Māori AOD services have better success rates because they provide what is essential for Māori such as tikanga, core beliefs, values and practices of Maori re health, illness, wairua, tapu, noa and life. There are strategies for addressing the problem of AOD addiction for Māori such as positive stories of recovery. This thesis explores the shared experiential journeys of four Pūkōrero (participants) who successfully completed detoxification and recovery programmes from AOD addiction. Three questions were used to guide the research process to enable the Pūkōrero to identify positive aspects of their individual detoxification and recovery programmes, surface any barriers and issues they experienced, and clarify the support they received throughout the process. Kaupapa Maori and Narrative Inquiry was adapted to undertake this study to capture the essence of Maori thinking and reality regarding AOD. Through the use of thematic analysis the data findings of the study reflect the views from each Pūkōrero of Wairua, Whakapapa and Whānau as key to their successful recovery. This supports the notion that a pathway of detoxification, recovery and hope exists to enable Maori and others to take the journey to reclaim their own health and well-being, and the health and well-being of Whānau, Hapū, Iwi, and Māori community. In honour of these Pūkōrero, Kāumatua, Tipuna, Whānau, Hapū, Iwi, Māori katoa, and to celebrate Kaupapa Maori and Narrative Inquiry [as the preferred methodological approach], the use of our tino ataahua reo integrated with English throughout the thesis demonstrates the interwoven connections between the two cultures enshrined in Te Tiriti o Waitangi that comprise the nation of Aotearoa me Te Waipounamu of New Zealand.</p>
A Study of the Use of a Guide to Schoolwide Planning for Teacher Aide Supports in a New Zealand Primary School
Authors:   , Hancox Mary Philomena 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study chronicled a process of schoolwide planning for teacher aide supports in a New Zealand primary school. The process replicated the work of Giangreco, Edelman and Broer and followed the guidelines set out in their work - A Guide to Schoolwide Planning for Paraeducator Supports (Giangreco, Edelman, & Broer, 2001a). Data reflect the utilisation and outcomes of the process by school personnel and by the voluntary school team, which was made up of representatives from all adult constituencies of the school community, that is, management, teachers, teacher aides and parents. Results indicated that the process assisted the school and the team in self assessing their teacher aide practices, identifying priorities in need of improvement and developing action plans. Some logistical difficulties were encountered in the implementation of these plans, but despite these difficulties, the team reported a high level of satisfaction with the process. They reported that the process did what it purported to do and rated it highly on consumer-oriented variables (e.g. the logic of the process, ease of use). Additionally, teacher aides responded positively to a questionnaire on the impact of the process on their work and the school team took part in semistructured interviews to document the impact of the process on school personnel and student outcomes. Implications for teacher aide supports for teachers of students with special education needs in regular classrooms are discussed.</p>
How Discourses Stifle the Primary Health Care Strategy's Intent to Reduce Health Inequalities
Authors:   , Clissold Carolyn M 
Published: November 2021

<p>New Zealand’s Primary Health Care Strategy (PHCS) has a stated commitment to defined populations who suffer disproportionately from ill health. This thesis examines whether some prevailing discourses actually decrease the focus on health inequalities. Words and ideas shared by a group can be considered a discourse when the underpinning values serve a social and political function for that group. To examine whether discourse was constraining health care I considered the nursing and medical media pertaining to both the PHCS and the primary health care nursing framework and sought their dominant discourses. I found that the nursing and medical media focused on predominantly professional and industrial issues. These were expressed very differently with the medical media reacting to the ramifications of the PHCS especially Primary Health Organisations (PHOs), while the nursing media had a visioning quality, imagining how nursing could function in primary health care (PHC). The result was that, in the media studied, the upheaval of the PHCS left professionals mainly wondering about their own professional interests, rather than considering what those who suffer from health inequalities needed. The discourse of the PHCS may also serve political rather then altruistic purposes. I found historical examples of where discourse had underpinned health policy and I suggest that current (Ministry of Health) MOH discourse values decentralised community health decision making. The decentralised community health model of small community PHOs situates the responsibility for health locally. This health responsibility may gloss over factors in community health which are affected by Government policy such as employment policy, and thus should be dealt with centrally by legislation. These factors have been found to be the most pertinent in health inequalities. So while models of community partnerships may seem to place communities as agents in their own health, this downplays the determinants of health which are beyond their control. Moreover the multiple PHOs through the country, while costly in the repetition of bureaucracy, also make analysis of the PHCS difficult, since there is in effect multiple Primary Health Care Strategies being played out in each area, as interventions of various qualities are implemented. Having shown that discourse can decrease the focus on health inequalities due to other professional and political drivers. I then looked at health initiative concepts which are effective, efficient and equitable given the current set up of PHOs and nursing innovations.</p>
A Descriptive Research Study on Factors that Impact Upon the Quality of Life of Elderly Women with Comorbid Chronic Illnesses; Three Women's Perspectives
Authors:   , Lowe Pauline 
Published: November 2021

<p>Background: Women live longer than men and are more likely to live alone; this makes dealing with chronic illnesses more of a challenge for older women. Therefore, an understanding of what living with chronic illness is like for these women is essential in ensuring health professionals can meet their health needs. Aim of Research: The aim of this research study is to explore factors that older women living with comorbid chronic illnesses identify as key to maintaining or improving their quality of life. Design: This study uses a qualitative approach, with a descriptive methodology. Face-to-face: interviews were conducted with three women over the age of 80 who had been diagnosed with more than one chronic illness. These interviews were audiotaped, and the data analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: What emerged from this analysis of older women was the need for them to create meaning in their life, which is further explicated through three main themes: (1) coping with changing health, (2) the impact of family, and (3) attitude. Attitude to life and having a positive outlook were all factors these participants expressed as being essential to maintaining their quality of life. Conclusion: The quality of life of these participants is enhanced by the ability of these women to create meaning in their life. They do this by integrating their wealth of past experience into their present, reflecting back on their lives, but still gaining enjoyment from the here and now. Understanding of how chronic illness impacts, and is managed, by these women leads health care professionals to a greater understanding of being older and living with comorbid chronic illness. The findings of this research may assist nurses working alongside older people to focus on the making of meaning,which may facilitate these people to retain a sense of autonomy and control over their life.</p>
The Crustose Brown Algae of New Zealand: a Taxonomic Study
Authors:   , Buchanan Joseph 
Published: November 2021

<p>Nine species of crustose brown algae are described from New Zealand’s coast. Three species are microthalli of species of Scytosiphonaceae: Colpomenia bullosa Yamada, Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link and Petalonia binghamiae (J. Agardh) Vinogradova. One species of Lithodermataceae, Pseudolithoderma roscoffense Loiseaux is described from Northland. Four species are Ralfsiaceae, Ralfsia expansa (J. Agardh) J. Agardh, Ralfsia confusa Hollenberg, a new species, Ralfisa sp. “smooth”, and Hapalospongidion gelatinosum Saunders. H. saxigenum Lindauer is identical to Hapalospongidion gelatinosum Saunders. One new species of Diplura, currently placed in the Ralfsiaceae, is described. Ralfsia verrucosa (Areschoug) Areschoug, previously reported from New Zealand, was not found. ITS-2 sequences show that Ralfsia expansa, Ralfsia confusa and Ralfsia sp. “smooth” are closely related. Ralfsia expansa is more distantly related. These relationships are consistent with morphological differences. LSU nrDNA sequences show Diplura sp. and Pseudolithoderma roscoffense are not closely related to other Ralfsiaceae. These algae form a weakly supported group with members of the Sphacelariales. Hapalospongidion and three Ralfsia species form a well supported group, but this group’s relationship to other phaeophycean orders is not resolved. These results are discussed in relation to plastid number and the status of the order Ralfsiales.</p>
Bridging the Gulf, Taking the Risk: an Exploration of "Relationships" in Katherine Mansfield's 'Juliet', 'Brave Love', and 'Prelude'
Authors:   , Beauchamp Jeannie 
Published: November 2021

<p>The introduction of this thesis examines Katherine Mansfield’s belief that elements of a fictional work should be “related”. Passages in her literary reviews, journals, and letters state or imply her conviction that such related elements demonstrate the thinking, exploring author’s control of the text and express the author’s ideas and vision. The introduction also suggests that Mansfield’s actual “relationship” methods (as shown in the examined texts) are typical of modernist practice. The thesis then explores such methods in three of Mansfield’s earlier episodic fictions: ‘Juliet’ (written 1906–1907), ‘Brave Love’ (completed early 1915); and ‘Prelude’ (written 1915 to 1917). Chapter one introduces the “relationship” methods by a reading of the 1907 vignette ‘In the Botanical Gardens’; it then explores the techniques used in ‘Juliet’ and ‘Brave Love’, finding some similarity in the approaches. Chapter two is a section-by-section reading of ‘Prelude’, based on developments of some techniques established in chapter one. The thesis’s primary focus on each work’s ways of relating textual elements continues an approach begun by the New Critics but without their tendency to single out a main character, central symbol, and fixed meaning. Here, the argument recognises critical discussions highlighting the binary and the fluid in Mansfield’s works and the works’ alignment with both expressionism and impressionism. The resulting readings of the three works demonstrate Mansfield’s increasingly skilful techniques of “bridging the gulf” between disparate aspects of experience to achieve the modernist aim of variety and unity. The texts set up standard oppositions (such as conventionality/unconventionality, naivety/cynicism, master/servant, adult/child) and subvert them ironically. Characters on either side are associated with symbols and myths of vulnerability and power to depict how those characters both exercise and are shaped by forces, which may be social, biological, creative, or others more mysterious. These three stories of Mansfield’s adolescence and early adulthood implicitly question (given the pervasiveness of such forces) whether free choice and clear vision are possible, which potentials of identity can be realised, and what is the nature of existence itself. These readings demonstrate the achievement of Mansfield’s own requirements that fiction should be exploratory: the texts appear in the last resort to be philosophical in intent, “adventures of the soul”.</p>
Church Involvement in Education for Sustainability: Using Participatory Action Research to Design a Faith-Based Education for Sustainability Programme in a Christian Community, New Zealand
Authors:   , Gong Xiaoming 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study develops and analyses a faith-based education for sustainability (EFS) programme as a means of addressing the issue of climate change in an urban Christian community - St John's in the City, Presbyterian Church, Wellington, New Zealand. It also, explores a participatory design and practice process for an adult-focused community EFS programme within a Christian context. The outcome of the study may serve as a model of adult-focused community of EFS which can be used by other faith-based communities in New Zealand. </p>
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<p>The critical approach, which is considered as an important approach to EFS, aims to achieve social change by fostering critical thinking in relation to sustainable issues. However, the so-called rhetoric-reality gap of critical approach causes difficulty for practicing the approach. As such, it was hoped that this study, informed by Freirian critical pedagogy, bridges the 'rhetoric-reality' gap of the critical approach in EFS practice.</p>
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<p>The methodology of this research - participatory action research (PAR) - aims to empower participants by involving them as co-researchers in the research process. Combined with group discussion and in-depth individual interview, participatory method - diagramming was used as the main research method. The PAR methodology was proved effective for the faith-based EFS programme design and it was also represented a democratic EFS process in itself. Therefore, it informed the subsequent practice of the St John's programme that was designed by this research as an action research (AR) project and also functioned as a dialogical education programme. In the St John's programme, the participants as discursive subjects would gain freedom to critically enquire their relationships with God's world and with each other and would be facilitated to take realistic actions on sustainable issues associated with climate change through the critical enquiry.</p>
Accessible Portfolios: Making it Happen in My Centre: an Action Research Study
Authors:   , Steele Lynne 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis explores how I improved my portfolios assessment practices by making children s portfolios freely available to children, their parents and whānau in the early childhood care and education centre where I worked. As the teacher researcher I present an insider perspective, my world view on how I improved my pedagogical practices in order to gain a deeper understanding of children s learning, and my role in supporting children s learning. This study has two components, a) the writer as the teacher researcher and, b) accessibility of children s portfolios and the involvement of children in the portfolio process. This study uses a qualitative research design, a mixed methodology of self-study action research and case study. Three theories, ecological, sociocultural, and Donald Schön s (1983) theory of learning and practice have informed and guided this research. This eclectic mix of theoretical frameworks provided me with some valuable insights on ways of examining and using portfolios with children, and understanding children s views on their portfolios. The findings in this study are particular to the centre where I worked and they may not be generalisable to other early childhood care and education centres. Nonetheless, my experiences highlight the potential importance of the process and issues that arise from making portfolios accessible. The findings revealed that my experiences of engaging in self-study action research promoted within the centre a community of learners, and an enquiry approach to teaching and learning. The findings of this study suggest that making portfolios freely available provides children with an understanding of the purpose, contents and ownership of their portfolios. When children frequently use and share their portfolios with peers and teachers it can promote critical self-reflection and self-assessment of their learning. Involving children in the portfolio process makes visible to children the value of their contributions to their learning. Overall, this study has significantly improved my pedagogical practices. It has enhanced teachers learning which has in turn, benefited the children s learning. Beyond that, making the portfolios accessible has strengthened parental understanding of their children s experiences at the centre.</p>
A Quantitative Ultrastructural Study of Oocytes During the Early Stages of Ovarian Follicular Development in Booroola and Wild-Type Sheep
Authors:   , Reader Karen Lee 
Published: November 2021

<p>In the sheep ovary, primordial follicles are formed as an oocyte surrounded by either a single layer of flattened granulosa cells (type 1) or a mixture of flattened and cuboidal granulosa cells (type 1a). Booroola sheep have a mutation in the growth factor receptor, activin-like kinase receptor 6 (ALK6) which is expressed in oocytes of follicles at the type 1 stage of development. In Booroola ewes homozygous for the ALK6 mutation (BB), oocytes undergo precocious maturation that appears to be initiated during the preantral growth phase. The aim of this study was to quantify the ultrastructural features of oocytes of ovarian follicles at the types 1/1a, 2 and 3 stages of development, from BB and wild-type (++) ewes. Ovaries from 6 ++ and 5 BB 4 week old ewe lambs were processed for both light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). LM and stereological methods were used to estimate the mean volume of the oocytes of each follicular type and genotype. EM images and point counting or linear intercept counting were used to estimate the volume of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), Golgi, mitochondria, vesicles, lipid, ribosomes, zona pellucida (ZP) and cortical granules (CG), and the surface area of the outer and inner mictochondrial membranes, microvilli and cell junctions. Oocytes of type 1/1a follicles of BB animals had a greater diameter than that in ++ animals (BB: 29.76 ± 0.58 μm vs ++: 27.05 ± 0.30 μm; P < 0.01) but there were no significant genotype differences in the oocyte diameters of type 2 or 3 follicles. As the follicles of ++ animals developed from the type 1 through to the type 3 stage, the volume and 3 surface areas of all sub-cellular structures measured within oocytes increased (P < 0.05). In oocytes of type 1/1a follicles of BB animals, the SER, mitochondria and ZP volumes were greater than in ++ animals (P < 0.05) as were the surface areas of the outer mitochondrial membranes, oocyte membrane, and zonula adherens type junctions (P < 0.05). At the type 2 stage of development the lipid volume was greater in oocytes of ++ animals, and at the type 3 stage of development the ribosomal volume was greater in oocytes of BB animals. These results suggest that the ALK6 mutation in BB animals has influenced the ultrastructural properties of oocytes in the type 1/1a follicle. This early genotype difference in follicular characteristics may influence the rate of follicular development during the early developmental stages.</p>
We Made This Song. The Group Song Writing Processes of Three Adolescent Rock Bands
Authors:   , Thorpe Vicki 
Published: November 2021

<p>In garages, practice rooms and classrooms, young people are composing music in rock and pop bands; engaged in working together in the shared enterprise of group music making. This study aims to contribute to scholarly knowledge through describing, analysing and interpreting the collaborative compositional processes (song writing) of three teenage rock bands. A theoretical model was developed and is applied to an analysis of the compositional processes of each group. Communication within each of the bands is analysed in terms of musical, nonverbal and verbal communication. The teaching and cooperative learning that occurred within each of the bands is presented, and each band is described in terms of a community of practice. An analysis of the compositional processes reveals that the three bands employed similar methods to generate ideas and construct their songs. However, when the data are viewed from a number of other theoretical perspectives, it is clear that two of the bands composed collaboratively, working together within mutually supportive, highly focussed and respectful communities; and that the third band’s songs were the work of a single composer, achieved through the cooperation and participation of the other band members. The young people in all three bands were highly engaged in selfdirected music learning, finding meaning and identity in the process.</p>