bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Bioprosthetic Tendon in Digital Pulley Reconstruction—An Experimental Study
Authors: CHENG J. C. Y. , HSU S. Y. C. , CHONG Y. W. , LEUNG P. C. 
Published: December 2021

The potential clinical application of Glutaraldehyde treated bioprosthetic material in the hand as implants to substitute for damaged pulley, tendon or ligament has not been fully explored. This study tries to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the proposed bioprosthetic pulley in an experimental model. One of the digital flexor pulleys of the rabbit’s foot was excised and replaced by a bioprosthetic pulley using a standardized technique. Autogenous tendon graft was used as the control on the opposite foot. Altogether twenty rabbits (40 feet) were included in the study and they were sacrificed at different time intervals up to one year. The retrievals were analysed for flexor tendon adhesions and rupture of the pulley macroscopically. Histological and Electron Microscopy study of the ‘pulley’ and ‘pulley-bone’ junction were also carried out. Results show consistently the progressive creeping substitution of the bioprosthetic material by the rabbit’s own tissue without significant inflammatory reactions. Neither adhesions nor breakage of the pulley were detected, the results comparing favourably with the control group using autografts except for the longer time taken for the substitution process.
Synovial Chondromatosis Presenting with Peripheral Nerve Compression — A Report of Two Cases
Authors: JONES J. R. , EVANS D. M. , KAUSHIK A. 
Published: December 2021

We report two cases of synovial chondromatosis presenting with peripheral nerve compression syndromes involving respectively the median nerve at the wrist and the posterior interosseous nerve at the elbow. Only one previous instance of nerve compression due to this condition has been described, involving the ulnar nerve at the elbow. In one of our cases the disease process was at an early stage in its natural history and in the other at an advanced stage. The occurrence of nerve compression was related to the site rather than the stage of the disease. Full recovery followed local excision with decompression of the peripheral nerve involved.
Fractures of the Metacarpals: Treatment by A. O. Screw and Plate Fixation
Authors: FORD D. J. , EL-HADIDI S. , LUNN P. G. , BURKE F. D. 
Published: December 2021

Twenty-two patients with 26 fractured metacarpals were treated by internal fixation using A. O. mini-fragment screws and plates. This form of internal fixation was reserved for metacarpal fractures which were multiple, unstable, displaced or rotated. Nine patients bad open fractures, two had divided extensor tendons and four had multiple fractures. Fractures consistently united without infection or deformity. The mean duration of postoperative immobilization was seven days and mean time off work was six weeks. All but one patient did manual work. No patients had persistent symptoms which caused difficulty with work or sport. Fourteen patients regained full movement. Four had total active movement of 220 degrees or more in the involved ray and 6 patients had total active movement of between 180 and 220 degrees. Restricted movement was present in patients with open fractures and divided extensor tendons or intra-articular fractures of the metacarpal head. Uniformly satisfactory results were found after mini-screw and plate fixation of metacarpal fractures.
Musculoaponeurotic Variations along the Course of the Median Nerve in the Proximal Forearm
Authors: DELLON A. L. , MACKINNON SUSAN E. 
Published: December 2021

31 cadaver arms have been dissected to study the variations in the anatomy of the muscles and fibrous arches which might cause compression of the median nerve in the forearm. Pronator teres always had a superficial head and usually a deep head. Flexor digitorum superficialis varied greatly in its site of origin. The median nerve might be crossed by two, one or no fibro-aponeurotic arches. Gantzer’s muscle, an accessory head of flexor pollicis longus, was present in 45% of cadavers. No ligament of Struthers was found. Possible sites and causes of nerve compression are discussed.
The Role of Cross-Finger Flaps in the Primary Management of Untidy Flexor Tendon Injuries
Authors: GAULT D. T. , QUABA A. A. 
Published: December 2021

This is a report of five patients who sustained untidy division of flexor tendons in zones 1 and 2, associated with overlying soft tissue loss. Contrary to traditional teaching, the tendon injuries were repaired primarily, and the tissue loss was made good with a cross-finger flap. At final evaluation, three cases were assigned excellent grades and two cases fair grades by Kleinert criteria. This unexpectedly favourable outcome may be due to a quality of the inner surface of the cross-finger flap and/or to staggering of the skin and tendon suture lines.
Consequences of Late Immobilization of Scaphoid Fractures
Authors: LANGHOFF O. , ANDERSEN J. L. 
Published: December 2021

In order to determine the relationship between delay before immobilization and the development of non-union or delayed union, 285 fractures of the scaphoid have been analysed from records and radiographs. 16 non-unions and 25 of 27 fractures with delayed union were found in proximal pole or waist fractures in adults, which were analyzed separately. No increment in the time to bony union or in the incidence of non-union was found following a delay of immobilization of less than four weeks, but when the delay exceeded four weeks, most fractures had healing complications.
Fractures of the Distal Phalanges
Authors: DaCRUZ D. J. , SLADE R. J. , MALONE W. 
Published: December 2021

A prospective study of 110 patients with fractures of the distal phalanx indicates that less than one in three patients with such injuries will have recovered after six months. Less than one half of distal phalangeal fractures will have united by then. Factors that carry a poor prognosis include osteolysis of fractured fragments, subungual haematomas and non-union of fractures.
A Prospective Trial of Prophylactic Povidone Iodine in Lacerations of the Hand
Authors: ROBERTS A. H. N. , ROBERTS F. E. V. , HALL R. I. , THOMAS I. H. 
Published: December 2021

A series of 418 patients with lacerations of the hands were allocated randomly to a control group or to a group where the injury was treated with povidone iodine before suture. The incidence of infected and imperfectly healed wounds was determined seven days later. As well as the effect of povidone iodine on infection, thirteen other factors were also analysed. The overall infection rate of 5.0% and the 38.5% imperfect healing rate were not significantly affected by povidone iodine treatment, although both were reduced. The figures of four other trials were combined with this trial and this showed a significant effect of povidone iodine treatment. There were no adverse reactions to povidone iodine. It is therefore recommended that hand lacerations should be treated with povidone iodine prior to suture. Other factors found to be significantly important in wound infection or imperfect healing were the condition of the dressing, the part of the hand injured and pain. Patients should be strongly advised to keep their dressing clean and dry.
The Differential Diagnosis of Juvenile Digital Fibromatosis
Authors: TIZIAN C. , BERGER A. , SCHNEIDER W. , VYKOUPIL K. F. 
Published: December 2021

Juvenile digital fibromatosis is a rare condition in which distinctive benign soft tumours occur in the hands and feet of children and adolescents. If bony involvement is found at presentation a malignant soft tissue tumour must be excluded and extensive investigation is required using plain x-rays, scintigraphy and angiography. Histological examination, however, is the only definitive diagnostic measure. In this paper a case of juvenile digital fibromatosis is presented with a discussion of the differential diagnosis.
Medical Support for California Wildfire Response
Authors: Backer Howard , Duncan David , Christensen Kate , Devereaux Asha , Rosen Brett , Noste Erin , Wright Chuck , Johnson Craig 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wildfires have become a regular seasonal disaster across the Western region of the United States. Wildfires require a multifaceted disaster response. In addition to fire suppression, there are public health and medical needs for responders and the general population in the path of the fire, as well as a much larger population impacted by smoke. This paper describes key aspects of the health and medical response to wildfires in California, including facility evacuation and shelter medical support, with emphasis on the organization, coordination, and management of medical teams deployed to fire incident base camps. This provides 1 model of medical support and references resources to help other jurisdictions that must respond to the rising incidence of large wildland fires.
Dynamical behavior of alternate base expansions
Authors: CHARLIER ÉMILIE , CISTERNINO CÉLIA , DAJANI KARMA 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe generalize the greedy and lazy
$\beta $
-transformations for a real base
$\beta $
to the setting of alternate bases
${\boldsymbol {\beta }}=(\beta _0,\ldots ,\beta _{p-1})$
, which were recently introduced by the first and second authors as a particular case of Cantor bases. As in the real base case, these new transformations, denoted
$T_{{\boldsymbol {\beta }}}$
and
$L_{{\boldsymbol {\beta }}}$
respectively, can be iterated in order to generate the digits of the greedy and lazy
${\boldsymbol {\beta }}$
-expansions of real numbers. The aim of this paper is to describe the measure-theoretical dynamical behaviors of
$T_{{\boldsymbol {\beta }}}$
and
$L_{{\boldsymbol {\beta }}}$
. We first prove the existence of a unique absolutely continuous (with respect to an extended Lebesgue measure, called the p-Lebesgue measure)
$T_{{\boldsymbol {\beta }}}$
-invariant measure. We then show that this unique measure is in fact equivalent to the p-Lebesgue measure and that the corresponding dynamical system is ergodic and has entropy
$({1}/{p})\log (\beta _{p-1}\cdots \beta _0)$
. We give an explicit expression of the density function of this invariant measure and compute the frequencies of letters in the greedy
${\boldsymbol {\beta }}$
-expansions. The dynamical properties of
$L_{{\boldsymbol {\beta }}}$
are obtained by showing that the lazy dynamical system is isomorphic to the greedy one. We also provide an isomorphism with a suitable extension of the
$\beta $
-shift. Finally, we show that the
${\boldsymbol {\beta }}$
-expansions can be seen as
$(\beta _{p-1}\cdots \beta _0)$
-representations over general digit sets and we compare both frameworks.
Glycated hemoglobin as a surrogate for evaluating the effectiveness of drugs in diabetes mellitus trials: a systematic review and trial-level meta-analysis
Authors: Rivera Paola Andrea , Rodríguez-Zúñiga Milton J. M. , Caballero-Alvarado José , Fiestas Fabián 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate whether glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a valid surrogate for evaluating the effectiveness of antihyperglycemic drugs in diabetes mellitus (DM) trials.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of a treatment on HbA1c (mean difference between groups) and clinical outcomes (relative risk of mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and/or kidney injury) in patients with DM. Then, we investigated the association between treatment effects on HbA1c and clinical outcomes using regression analysis at the trial level. Lastly, we interpreted the correlation coefficients (R) using the cut-off points suggested by the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Healthcare (IQWiG). HbA1c was considered a valid surrogate if it demonstrated a strong association: lower limit of the 95 percent confidence interval (95 percent CI) ofRgreater than or equal to .85.ResultsNineteen RCTs were identified. All studies included adults with type 2 DM. None of the associations evaluated was strong enough to validate HbA1c as a surrogate for any clinical outcome: mortality (R= .34; 95 percent CI −.14 to .69), myocardial infarction (R= .20; −.30 to .61), heart failure (R= .08; −.40 to .53), kidney injury (R= −.04; −.52 to .47), and stroke (R= .81; .54 to .93).ConclusionsThe evidence from multiple placebo-controlled RCTs does not support the use of HbA1c as a surrogate to measure the effectiveness of antihyperglycemic drugs in DM studies.
Conjured from Fragments: KMD'sMr. Hoodand the Transformative Poetics of the Golden Age Rap Album
Authors: McNally James G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBetween 1988 and 1991, the rap album took flight. Under the dual impetus of innovations in sampling, and of the album form itself, an explosion of youthful creativity ensured the rap album, mined for more self-consciously artistic potential, emerged as a multi-layered artform that revealed a similarly multi-layered Black genius. For innovators like the Bomb Squad (Public Enemy, Ice Cube, Son of Bazerk), Prince Paul (De La Soul) and others, the rap album was now often “more” than just a rap album. It could at once take on the characteristics of a radio show, a simulated game show, a talking comic book, a picaresque novel, an Afrofuturist vaudeville, or a visit to the movies—and, through any of these, invoke a multitude of stories and critiques from marginalized young Black perspectives.Drawing on a variety of ideas from Black American cultural studies, particularly those focused on creative transformation as a form of transcendence, this article analyzes the multi-layered creativity of one of this period's most unsung, yet ultimately important albums: KMD's showpiece of sampling transformation and satiric narrative wit,Mr. Hood.Best known as the album that initiated the career of the MC/producer later known as MF DOOM (arguably the most revered figure in underground rap post-1999), it also initiated his surreal approach to sampling non-musical material from sources in popular culture and envisagement of rap as a kind of modern-day folklore. Attempting to find a new way of working across the layers of the rap album—the magical interplay of mood, beat, references, verbal samples, storytelling, etc.—the article argues that such sample-based flights of the imagination represent a continuation of the Afro-magical tradition Theophus Smith calls Conjuring Culture.
Creation and annihilation of mobile fractional solitons in atomic chains
Authors: Park Jae Whan , Do Euihwan , Shin Jin Sung , Song Sun Kyu , Stetsovych Oleksandr , Jelinek Pavel , Yeom Han Woong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLocalized modes in one-dimensional (1D) topological systems, such as Majonara modes in topological superconductors, are promising candidates for robust information processing. While theory predicts mobile integer and fractional topological solitons in 1D topological insulators, experiments so far have unveiled immobile, integer solitons only. Here we observe fractionalized phase defects moving along trimer silicon atomic chains formed along step edges of a vicinal silicon surface. By means of tunnelling microscopy, we identify local defects with phase shifts of 2π/3 and 4π/3 with their electronic states within the band gap and with their motions activated above 100 K. Theoretical calculations reveal the topological soliton origin of the phase defects with fractional charges of ±2e/3 and ±4e/3. Additionally, we create and annihilate individual solitons at desired locations by current pulses from the probe tip. Mobile and manipulable topological solitons may serve as robust, topologically protected information carriers in future information technology.
Discovery of a new species of Adder’s tongue fern from India with comparative analysis of morphological and molecular attributes
Authors: Yadav B. L. , Meghvansi Mukesh K. , Meena Kanta , Gena C. B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEusporangiate fern genus Ophioglossum L. is commonly known as Adder’s tongue fern as its fertile frond gives the appearance of snake tongue. A new species in this fern genus, O. trilokinathii belonging to Ophioglossaceae family has been discovered from the plateau region of Rajasthan State of northwestern India. The new species can be distinguished from other taxa of this genus by its smaller habit, subglobose-tuberous rhizome, basipetal emergence of young roots, aggregation of old decaying roots on rhizome apex, fertile stalk as well as spike short and thick, trophophylls in rosette, ovate or orbicular and a unique sporoderm sculpture pattern under SEM having broad reticulations with thick and raised muri enclosing large hexagonal or irregular areas on the distal and proximal faces of the spores hitherto unreported in any of the presently known taxa of Ophioglossum. In addition, comparative study of stomatal structure, foliar anatomy and nucleotide sequence data of its three chloroplast DNA markers (trnL-F, rbcL and psbA-trnH) was carried out. In view of all the attributes including habitat, ecology, morphology, foliar anatomy, stomatal features, palynology and molecular phylogenetic data, the present study suggests that the Ophioglossum specimen collected from plateau region of Rajasthan represents a hitherto undescribed species thereby warranting its establishment as O. trilokinathii sp. nov. A detailed comparative account of the new taxon with its allied species has also been provided.
Ester-directed orthogonal dual C–H activation and ortho aryl C–H alkenylation via distal weak coordination
Authors: Bakthadoss Manickam , Reddy Tadiparthi Thirupathi , Agarwal Vishal , Sharada Duddu S. 
Published: December 2021

An orthogonal cross-coupling between aromatic C(sp2) and aliphatic olefinic C(sp2) carbons of two same molecules via dual C–H activation and ortho C–H olefination with various alkenes via distal ester directing group has been developed for the first time.
AIM2 inflammasome contributes to aldosterone-induced renal injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Wu Yong , Yang Huan , Xu Sujuan , Cheng Ming , Gu Jie , Zhang Weichen , Liu Shaojun , Zhang Minmin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Inflammatory response and renal fibrosis are the hallmarks of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the specific mechanism of aldosterone-induced renal injury in the progress of CKD requires elucidation. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-mediated inflammasome activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) play a pivotal role in the renal fibrosis. Here, we investigated whether overexpression or deficiency of AIM2 affects ERS and fibrosis in aldosterone-infused renal injury. Interestingly, we found that AIM2 was markedly expressed in the diseased proximal tubules from human and experimental CKD. Mechanically, overactivation of AIM2 aggravated aldosterone-induced ERS and fibrotic changes in vitro while knockdown of AIM2 blunted these effects in vivo and in vitro. By contrast, AIM2 deficiency ameliorated renal structure and function deterioration, decreased proteinuria levels and lowered systolic blood pressure in vivo; silencing of AIM2 blocked inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway, relieved ERS and fibrotic changes in vivo. Furthermore, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist eplerenone and ERS inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) had nephroprotective effects on the basis of AIM2 overactivation in vitro, while they failed to produce a more remarkable renoprotective effect on the treatment of AIM2 silence in vitro. Notably, the combination of TUDCA with AIM2 knockdown significantly reduced proteinuria levels in vivo. Additionally, immunofluorescence assay identified that apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) recruitment and Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) cleavage respectively occurred in the glomeruli and tubules in vivo. These findings establish a crucial role for AIM2 inflammasome in aldosterone-induced renal injury, which may provide a novel therapeutic target for the pathogenesis of CKD.
The influence of landscape intervention used as an alertness maintaining ‘tool’ on driving behaviour
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Le , Zhu Shou‐Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMonotony, caused by deficiencies in the visual reference, can increase the risk of road accidents. This paper focuses on using landscape intervention as an alertness maintaining ‘tool’ to counter monotony. Therefore, a driving simulator experiment with four different scenes was designed. One is the control group with no landscape. The other three are landscapes with different spatial patterns. The spatial patterns were treatments combing the different graphic shapes and different enclosure degrees. Twenty‐six subjects were required to drive in the centre of the right lane with a speed limit of 80 km/h as an alertness task. To assess the impact of different landscapes on driving behaviour, speed, steering wheel angle, and lane position were analysed. The results indicated a significant advantage of alertness maintaining of semi‐open chevron landscape. Speeding and lane crossing has been significantly improved (p < 0.05). Also, the adequate length of the semi‐open chevron landscape based on the alertness threshold of steering wheel angle SampEn is longer than the other spatial patterns. This work can help to develop more efficient monotony countermeasures with landscape intervention. It also provides valuable information for methods of adequate duration determination in alertness maintaining ‘tool’ based on driving behaviour.
Effect chewing tapioca pearls in the bubble tea drinks on the salivary α-amylase and phosphate level
Authors: Handajani Juni , Kusumajati Dinda , Fathiyah Hania 
Published: December 2021

Bubble tea drinks contained tapioca pearls, that can stimulate mastication. Chewing tapioca pearls may stimulate saliva production. Increased salivary secretion is thought to be correlated with an increase in inorganic components and salivary α-amylase (SAA). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bubble tea on SAA and salivary phosphate (PO43-) levels.
Subjects were 15 people with a total sample of 60. Each subject drank bubble tea with tapioca pearl for 3 days in the first week as the intervention group. In the second week the subjects drank tea without bubble for 3 days as a control group. Saliva samples were taken on day 1 before treatment and day 3 after treatment. Saliva was collected in the morning 09:00 am–12:00 pm for 1 minute. SAA levels were measured using an ELISA kit with Optical Density (OD) at 405 nm. Phosphate levels were measured using a semi-quantitative test kit. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, t-test, and Pearson test (p < 0.05).
The results of ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis showed that there was a significant difference in the effect of consumption of bubble tea and tea without bubble (p < 0.005) on SAA and phosphate levels. SAA and phosphate levels increased significantly after drinking bubble tea and tea without bubble (p < 0.05). SAA levels after drinking bubble tea were significantly higher than after drinking tea without bubble. Comparison between phosphate levels after drinking bubble tea and tea without bubble were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Correlation between SAA and phosphate level was a significant different (p < 0.05) and r was moderate category. It was concluded that the consumption of drinking bubble tea and tea without bubbles could increase salivary α-amylase (SAA) also phosphate level and may improve quality of saliva through a salivary buffer mechanism.