bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the dielectric constant of graphene solution at the microwave frequency of 9.212GHz
Authors: Jiao Tian-Yi , Shi Na-Yue , Wu Chuang , Chen Xiu-Yan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to measure the graphene’s dielectric constant, the microwave cavity perturbation method was employed. At the frequency of 9.212 GHz, graphene with three concentrations of 5 g ml−1, 2.5 g ml−1 and 1.25 g ml−1 was studied respectively. For these three solutions, as inserted depth in the microwave resonator, concentration and capillary’s diameter changed, the dielectric constant’s real part and imaginary part were all measured, calculated and discussed. The results showed that the real part of the graphene’s dielectric constant increased with the increase of the depth of the capillary into the resonator, decreased with the increase of the capillary diameter. The conductivity of graphene solution was measured which decreased with the increase of liquid concentration.
Kinetic-theory-based investigation of electronegative plasma–wall transition with two populations of electrons
Authors: BASNET Suresh , DEUJA Atit , KHANAL Raju 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Kinetic theory has been employed to investigate the magnetized plasma-sheath structure and its characteristics in the presence of more than one species of negatively charged particles: hot electrons, cold electrons, and negative ions. The cold electrons and negative ions are considered to obey a Maxwellian distribution, whereas the hot electrons follow a truncated Maxwellian distribution. The Bohm sheath condition has been extended for the case of more than one species of negatively charged particles, in which the concentration of hot electrons has a crucial role in achieving the Bohm velocity. The thermal motion of hot electrons is much higher compared to cold electrons and negative ions, such that the variation of hot electron concentrations and the temperature ratio of hot to cold electrons play a key role in the determination of the plasma-sheath parameters: particle densities, electrostatic potential, the flow of positive ions towards the wall, and sheath thickness. We have estimated the deviation of the resultant drift velocity of positive ions on the plane perpendicular to the wall from the parallel component at the presheath–sheath interface. It is found that the deviation between the two velocity components increases with an increase in the obliqueness of the magnetic field. Furthermore, the results obtained from the kinetic trajectory simulation model are compared with the results obtained using a fluid model; the results are qualitatively similar, although the potential varies by less than 4% in terms of the magnitude at the wall.
Kink solutions in a generalized scalar φ
4
G field model
Authors: Lozano-Mayo Jonathan , Torres-Labansat Manuel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study a scalar field model in a two dimensional space-time with a generalized

ϕ

G

4

potential which has four minima, obtaining novel kink solutions with well defined properties although the potential is non-analytical at the origin. The model contains a control parameter δ that breaks the degeneracy of the potential minima, giving rise to two different phases for the system. The δ < 0 phases do not possess solitary wave solutions. At the transition point δ = 0 all the potential minima are degenerate and three different kink solutions result. As the transition to the δ > 0 phase takes place, the minima of the potential are no longer degenerate and a unique kink ϕ

δ
solution is produced. Remarkably, this kink is a coherent structure that results from the merge of three kinks that can be identified with those observed at the transition point. To support the interpretation of ϕ

δ
as a bound state of three kinks, we calculate the force between the kink-kink pair components of ϕ

δ
, obtaining an expression that has both exponentially repulsive and constant attractive contributions that yields an equilibrium configuration, explaining the formation of the ϕ

δ
multi-kink state. We further investigate kink properties including their stability guaranteed by the positive defined spectrum of small fluctuations around the kink configurations. The findings of our work together with a semiclassical WKB quantization, including the one loop mass renormalization, enable computing quantum corrections to the kink masses. The general results could be relevant to the development of effective theories for non-equilibrium steady states and for the understanding of the formation of coherent structures.
Do LED lightbulbs save natural gas? Interpreting simultaneous cross-energy program impacts using electricity and natural gas billing data
Authors: Adekanye Oluwatobi G , Davis Alex , Azevedo Inês L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Local and state governments have made significant advances in creating, implementing, and evaluating energy efficiency programs in the buildings sector. Evaluations commonly use ex-post statistical models to complement ex-ante engineering estimates when determining program impacts. A critical assumption of data-driven evaluations is that reductions would not occur in the absence of the program. This assumption is difficult to test, particularly if other unobserved changes to the building’s energy profile coincide with the program’s adoption. We provide a method to detect a class of unobserved simultaneous cross-energy changes in a building’s energy profile by examining the treatment effects of electricity-only programs on natural gas use and vice versa. We apply the method to a panel of residential energy efficiency implementations with monthly electricity and gas data from 2010 to 2016 in the City of Palo Alto, California. Using difference-in-differences and event history analyses, we find evidence of significant gas reductions estimated for some electricity-only programs, suggesting that households implemented unobserved changes at the same time as those programs. Our results highlight how data-driven analyses may not adequately estimate program impacts, and the value of simultaneous electricity and natural gas measurements for detecting and interpreting unobserved changes to energy use at the household level. Lastly, we present evidence that energy savings from non-monetary interventions can exceed those which offer financial rewards for energy efficiency.
Temporal optical besselon waves for high-repetition rate picosecond sources
Authors: Sheveleva Anastasiia , Andral Ugo , Kibler Bertrand , Boscolo Sonia , Finot Christophe 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We analyse the temporal properties of the optical pulse wave that is obtained by applying a discrete set of spectral π/2 phase shifts to continuous-wave light that is phase-modulated by a temporal sinusoidal wave. We develop an analytical model to describe this new optical waveform that we name ‘besselon’. We also discuss the reduction of sidelobes in the pulse intensity profiles by means of an additional spectral π phase shift, and show that the resulting pulses can be efficiently time-interleaved. The various predicted properties of the besselon are confirmed by experiments demonstrating the generation of low duty cycle, high-quality pulses at repetition rates up to 28 GHz.
Repetitive heating performance of MgO-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag composites containing MWCNTs
Authors: Bang Jinho , Park Hyeong Min , Yang Beomjoo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recently, various studies have been conducted in an effort to apply the outstanding properties of nanomaterials to construction fields. The present study aims to investigate the repetitive heating characteristics of magnesium oxide (MgO)-activated slag composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MgO-activated slag composites with various mix proportions were fabricated through facile mechanical mixing method and cured at various temperatures. The electrical resistivity and compressive strength of the specimens were measured, and the cyclical heating performance was also analyzed under a constant ampere condition. Microstructural and thermal analyses of the MgO-activated slag composites were carried out by means of a scanning electron microscope and a thermogravimetry analysis, respectively. The content of MWCNTs and the curing conditions affected the overall electrical resistivity, compressive strength, and heat-generation properties of the composites. Here, related mechanisms are addressed in connection with the hydration process of the binder material.
A comprehensive review of aluminium matrix composite reinforcement and fabrication methodologies
Authors: Singh Hartaj , Singh Kapil , Vardhan Sachit , Mohan Sanjay , Singh Vishal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aluminium-based composites are extensively employed for high-performance applications in the automotive and aircraft industries on the basis of their superior mechanical characteristics comprising light weight, high specific strength and excellent malleability. Different metals and alloys are fabricated as composites using various combinations of materials with various fabrication methods. The current article explores a detailed overview of the methodologies, including solid, semi-solid, liquid and vapour routes, adopted by many researchers for the synthesis of reinforced aluminium-based materials. The influence of reinforcement in terms of natural resources and industrial waste considered recently is briefly discussed. Based on the literature review, research work has also focused on exploring the most economical and frequently employed synthesis methods for the fabrication of aluminium matrix composites.
Study of designable coefficient of thermal expansion in cellular structures
Authors: Ning Wang , Deng Qingtian , Zhichun Yang , Xinbo Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, a model of cellular structures in thermal fields has been established based on methods of material mechanics, structural mechanics and thermodynamics. Cellular structures have different deformation behaviors in thermal environment with different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), the desirable equivalent coefficient of thermal expansion (ECTE) of cellular structures can be achieved by introduce members with different CTEs. Three different configurations are proposed to study the relationship between ECTE and geometrical configuration. The results show that: desirable ECTE can be obtained by designing configuration shape of cellular structures, inclined angle of members and positions of different CTE materials.
Recent progress and applications of gold nanotechnology in medical biophysics using artificial intelligence and mathematical modeling
Authors: Moore Julia A , Chow James C L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this topical review, we will explore and challenge how artificial intelligence (AI) and mathematical modeling apply towards the future in medical applications, focusing on their interactions with gold nanotechnology. There have been rapid advancements towards the applications of AI and mathematical modeling in medical biophysics. These specific techniques help to improve studies related to nanoscale technology. Many works have been published in relation to this topic; it is now time to collectively analyze and review them to assess the contributions these applications made within nanotechnology. Through this review, both theoretical and clinical data is examined for a fresh and present-day understanding. Observations of set parameters and defined equations through AI and mathematical modeling are made to help give explanation towards variable interaction. This review focuses on gold nanoparticle synthesis and preparation via the Turkevich and Brust and Schiffrins one-pot method. From this, findings show that gold nanoparticle size, shape, and overall functionality affect its synthetic properties. Depending on the characteristics within the gold nanoparticle, its ability to maximize light absorbency, wavelengths, and optical densities within the particle is limited. Finding an ideal wavelength (dependent on nanoparticle sizing) allows for higher absorbency of light within the nanoparticle itself. Examining the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity within the nanoparticle is done so via transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT-IR) spectroscopy. By manipulating AI and stochastic and diagnostic models, nanoparticle efficiency within precision cancer therapy is set to ensure maximal treatment. Set conditions allow ideal tumor treatment planning, where manipulated nano-probes are used in gold nanoparticle-based therapy. Versatility in nanoparticle sensors allow for multimodal imaging and assistance towards further diagnostic and therapeutic imaging practices. Drawn conclusions will help expand further knowledge and growth for future gold nanoparticle technology research in medical biophysics application using AI and mathematical modeling.
Your Hair or Your Service: An Issue of Faith for Sikh Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Singh Rajinder , Grewal Bhajneek 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Sikh healthcare professionals make up a small but significant proportion of the workforce in the United Kingdom. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented healthcare staff across the country with challenges relating to safe clinical practice whilst wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). Practising Sikhs are mandated to keep their hair unshorn and have been negatively impacted by some standard PPE requirements. This article aims to raise awareness of this issue and provide suggestions on how this conflict can be resolved.
Synthesis of (+)-solenopsin via Pd-catalyzed N-alkylation and cyclization
Authors: Suzuki Kana , Hattori Yasunao , Kawamura Atsushi , Makabe Hidefumi 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Synthesis of (+)-solenopsin, a 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloid, isolated from fire ants (Solenopsis), was achieved. Stereoselective construction of trans-2,6-piperidine ring moiety was performed using palladium-catalyzed cyclization. Chain elongation using Grubbs 2nd catalyst followed by the reduction of double bond and the deprotection of the Cbz group afforded (+)-solenopsin.
Liver choline metabolism and gene expression in choline-deficient mice offspring differ with gender
Authors: Miyachi Yukino , Akiyama Kei , Tsukuda Yoshiko , Kumrungsee Thanutchaporn , Yanaka Noriyuki 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Choline is an important nutrient during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal choline deficiency in CD-1 mice lowers liver betaine levels in male offspring. By contrast, it increases elovl3 and vanin-1 mRNA levels in female offspring. Taken together, these observations suggest gender-specific responses to a choline-deficient diet.
Advances in bulk and single-cell multi-omics approaches for systems biology and precision medicine
Authors: Li Yunjin , Ma Lu , Wu Duojiao , Chen Geng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Multi-omics allows the systematic understanding of the information flow across different omics layers, while single omics can mainly reflect one aspect of the biological system. The advancement of bulk and single-cell sequencing technologies and related computational methods for multi-omics largely facilitated the development of system biology and precision medicine. Single-cell approaches have the advantage of dissecting cellular dynamics and heterogeneity, whereas traditional bulk technologies are limited to individual/population-level investigation. In this review, we first summarize the technologies for producing bulk and single-cell multi-omics data. Then, we survey the computational approaches for integrative analysis of bulk and single-cell multimodal data, respectively. Moreover, the databases and data storage for multi-omics, as well as the tools for visualizing multimodal data are summarized. We also outline the integration between bulk and single-cell data, and discuss the applications of multi-omics in precision medicine. Finally, we present the challenges and perspectives for multi-omics development.
Current status and future perspectives of computational studies on human–virus protein–protein interactions
Authors: Lian Xianyi , Yang Xiaodi , Yang Shiping , Zhang Ziding 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between human and viruses mediate viral infection and host immunity processes. Therefore, the study of human–virus PPIs can help us understand the principles of human–virus relationships and can thus guide the development of highly effective drugs to break the transmission of viral infectious diseases. Recent years have witnessed the rapid accumulation of experimentally identified human–virus PPI data, which provides an unprecedented opportunity for bioinformatics studies revolving around human–virus PPIs. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of computational studies on human–virus PPIs, especially focusing on the method development for human–virus PPI predictions. We briefly introduce the experimental detection methods and existing database resources of human–virus PPIs, and then discuss the research progress in the development of computational prediction methods. In particular, we elaborate the machine learning-based prediction methods and highlight the need to embrace state-of-the-art deep-learning algorithms and new feature engineering techniques (e.g. the protein embedding technique derived from natural language processing). To further advance the understanding in this research topic, we also outline the practical applications of the human–virus interactome in fundamental biological discovery and new antiviral therapy development.
Robust gene coexpression networks using signed distance correlation
Authors: Pardo-Diaz Javier , Bozhilova Lyuba V , Beguerisse-Díaz Mariano , Poole Philip S , Deane Charlotte M , Reinert Gesine 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Even within well-studied organisms, many genes lack useful functional annotations. One way to generate such functional information is to infer biological relationships between genes/proteins, using a network of gene coexpression data that includes functional annotations. However, the lack of trustworthy functional annotations can impede the validation of such networks. Hence, there is a need for a principled method to construct gene coexpression networks that capture biological information and are structurally stable even in the absence of functional information.

Results
We introduce the concept of signed distance correlation as a measure of dependency between two variables, and apply it to generate gene coexpression networks. Distance correlation offers a more intuitive approach to network construction than commonly used methods, such as Pearson correlation and mutual information. We propose a framework to generate self-consistent networks using signed distance correlation purely from gene expression data, with no additional information. We analyse data from three different organisms to illustrate how networks generated with our method are more stable and capture more biological information compared to networks obtained from Pearson correlation or mutual information.

Availability and implementation
Code is available online (https://github.com/javier-pardodiaz/sdcorGCN).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A gene-level methylome-wide association analysis identifies novel Alzheimer’s disease genes
Authors: Wu Chong , Bradley Jonathan , Li Yanming , Wu Lang , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have successfully facilitated the discovery of novel genetic risk loci for many complex traits, including late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, most existing TWAS methods rely only on gene expression and ignore epigenetic modification (i.e. DNA methylation) and functional regulatory information (i.e. enhancer-promoter interactions), both of which contribute significantly to the genetic basis of AD.

Results
We develop a novel gene-level association testing method that integrates genetically regulated DNA methylation and enhancer–target gene pairs with genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary results. Through simulations, we show that our approach, referred to as the CMO (cross methylome omnibus) test, yielded well controlled type I error rates and achieved much higher statistical power than competing methods under a wide range of scenarios. Furthermore, compared with TWAS, CMO identified an average of 124% more associations when analyzing several brain imaging-related GWAS results. By analyzing to date the largest AD GWAS of 71 880 cases and 383 378 controls, CMO identified six novel loci for AD, which have been ignored by competing methods.

Availabilityand implementation
The data used in this work were obtained from the following publicly available datasets: IGAP1, GWAX, UK Biobank, a 2019 meta-analyzed AD GWAS results and a imaging-derived phenotype GWAS results. The data resources are summarized in Supplementary Table S7. We used the publicly available software and tools for competing methods. All codes used to generate results that are reported in this manuscript and software for our newly proposed method CMO are available at https://github.com/ChongWuLab/CMO.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Intrapartum Antibiotic Exposure and Body Mass Index in Children
Authors: Koebnick Corinna , Sidell Margo A , Getahun Darios , Tartof Sara Y , Rozema Emily , Taylor Brianna , Xiang Anny H , Spiller Michael W , Sharma Andrea J , Mukhopadhyay Sagori , Puopolo Karen M , Schrag Stephanie J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) reduces a newborn’s risk of group B streptococcal infection (GBS) but may lead to an increased childhood body mass index (BMI).

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of infants (n = 223 431) born 2007–2015 in an integrated healthcare system. For vaginal delivery, we compared children exposed to GBS-IAP and to any other type or duration of intrapartum antibiotics to no antibiotic exposure. For cesarean delivery, we compared children exposed to GBS-IAP to those exposed to all other intrapartum antibiotics, including surgical prophylaxis. BMI over 5 years was compared using nonlinear multivariate models with B-spline functions, stratified by delivery mode and adjusted for demographics, maternal factors, breastfeeding, and childhood antibiotic exposure.

Results
In vaginal deliveries, GBS-IAP was associated with higher BMI from 0.5 to 5.0 years of age compared to no antibiotics (P &lt; .0001 for all time points, ΔBMI at age 5 years 0.12 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .07–.16 kg/m2). Other antibiotics were associated with higher BMI from 0.3 to 5.0 years of age. In cesarean deliveries, GBS-IAP was associated with increased BMI from 0.7 years to 5.0 years of age (P &lt; .05 for 0.7–0.8 years, P &lt; .0001 for all other time points) compared to other antibiotics (ΔBMI at age 5 years 0.24 kg/m2, 95% CI: .14–.34 kg/m2). Breastfeeding did not modify these associations.

Conclusions
GBS-IAP was associated with a small but sustained increase in BMI starting at very early age. This association highlights the need to better understand the effects of perinatal antibiotic exposure on childhood health.