bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of an inventory system with partial backlogging from a financial investment perspective
Authors: San‐José Luis‐A. , Sicilia Joaquín , Pando Valentín , Alcaide‐López‐de‐Pablo David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn some real inventory systems, item sales can be adjusted to a stable demand rate along the inventory cycle. For instance, home appliances, electrical products, lounge furniture, home water supply, etc., are items with a stable demand rate. In this work, we analyze an inventory system for an item of this type, where the demand rate is constant. Shortages are allowed, and it is assumed that a fraction of demand during the stock‐out period is backlogged. It is supposed that the shortage costs (backorder cost and lost sales cost) have an affine structure: a fixed cost plus a linear cost that depends on the period of time where shortages exist. In this paper, instead of the maximization of the profit per unit time, or the minimization of the average inventory cost per unit time, the objective is the maximization of the return on inventory investment, which is a quotient defined as the average profit divided by the average inventory cost. The optimal inventory policy is obtained in a closed form under this new perspective. Moreover, it is shown that the optimal policy that maximizes the return on inventory investment is, in general, different from the one that maximizes the profit per unit time. In addition, the new optimal perspective offers some advantages. The optimal inventory policy that maximizes the return on investment does not depend on the unit selling price. Therefore, the inventory manager does not need to change his/her inventory policy if this price changes. These advantages are not usually present when the objective is the maximization of the profit per unit time. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results developed in this work. A sensitivity analysis of the optimal policy with respect to the system input parameters is also developed.
Relationship among faculty fatigue, academic rank, and scholarship and service productivity
Authors: Poole Ellen L. , Spies Martha A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship among the level of fatigue, academic rank, workload (credit hours) and faculty productivity (as measured by scholarship and service activities).DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional correlational design.ParticipantsAll full‐time faculty in national year‐round nursing college.MethodsAn Internet survey was distributed May/June 2017 to all full‐time faculty (n = 318). Responses reported are from 81 faculty members in the prelicensure baccalaureate programme. Survey items included workload, scholarship and service activities and demographic data. Fatigue was measured by the trait version of Occupational Fatigue, Exhaustion Recovery scale which has three subscales: Acute, Persistent, and Chronic.ResultsMean fatigue for all traits ranged from 45.9 to 52.48. More service activities were reported than scholarship activities. There was a significant positive correlation between chronic fatigue and credit hours. No significant differences existed in fatigue scores based on frequency of scholarship and service activities.ConclusionThis first study of fatigue in nursing faculty establishes the existence of fatigue in this group. This can be serious related to the existence of chronic fatigue. Strategies to reduce fatigue are important to support the long‐term employment of nursing faculty.Impact

What problem did the study address? Fatigue in faculty members and its relationship to academic rank and scholarship and service productivity.

What were the main findings? Fatigue in faculty members exists. Higher rank was associated with more scholarship and service activities. Chronic fatigue is less than acute or persistent fatigue. Chronic fatigue is related to workload.

Where and on whom will the research have impact? Findings may impact retention of nursing faculty members and academic leaders responsible for supporting work–life balance among nursing faculty.
Anti‐growth and pro‐apoptotic effects of dasatinib on human oral cancer cells through multi‐targeted mechanisms
Authors: Park Nam‐Sook , Park Yu‐Kyung , Yadav Anil Kumar , Shin Young‐Min , Bishop‐Bailey David , Choi Jong‐Soon , Park Jong Wook , Jang Byeong‐Churl 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDasatinib is an inhibitor of Src that has anti‐tumour effects on many haematological and solid cancers. However, the anti‐tumour effects of dasatinib on human oral cancers remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of dasatinib on different types of human oral cancer cells: the non‐tumorigenic YD‐8 and YD‐38 and the tumorigenic YD‐10B and HSC‐3 cells. Strikingly, dasatinib at 10 µM strongly suppressed the growth and induced apoptosis of YD‐38 cells and inhibited the phosphorylation of Src, EGFR, STAT‐3, STAT‐5, PKB and ERK‐1/2. In contrast, knockdown of Src blocked the phosphorylation of EGFR, STAT‐5, PKB and ERK‐1/2, but not STAT‐3, in YD‐38 cells. Dasatinib induced activation of the intrinsic caspase pathway, which was inhibited by z‐VAD‐fmk, a pan‐caspase inhibitor. Dasatinib also decreased Mcl‐1 expression and S6 phosphorylation while increased GRP78 expression and eIF‐2α phosphorylation in YD‐38 cells. In addition, to its direct effects on YD‐38 cells, dasatinib also exhibited anti‐angiogenic properties. Dasatinib‐treated YD‐38 or HUVEC showed reduced HIF‐1α expression and stability. Dasatinib alone or conditioned media from dasatinib‐treated YD‐38 cells inhibited HUVEC tube formation on Matrigel without affecting HUVEC viability. Importantly, dasatinib's anti‐growth, anti‐angiogenic and pro‐apoptotic effects were additionally seen in tumorigenic HSC‐3 cells. Together, these results demonstrate that dasatinib has strong anti‐growth, anti‐angiogenic and pro‐apoptotic effects on human oral cancer cells, which are mediated through the regulation of multiple targets, including Src, EGFR, STAT‐3, STAT‐5, PKB, ERK‐1/2, S6, eIF‐2α, GRP78, caspase‐9/3, Mcl‐1 and HIF‐1α.
Can identical dental shade guides be used interchangeably?
Authors: Rahbani Nobar Behrad , Tabatabaian Farhad , Namdari Mahshid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if identical dental shade guides can be used interchangeably considering their precision.Materials and methodsTwenty Vita classical (VC) and Vita 3D‐Master (VM) shade guides were subjected to spectrophotometric measurements and their CIELab values were measured in three shade tab regions: incisal, middle, and cervical and also in total. The mean L*, a*, and b* values for analogous shade tabs were calculated to identify CIELab values for typical shades. ∆E00 color differences between a typical shade and its analogous shade tabs were measured. ∆E00 values were compared with perceptibility (∆E00 = 0.8) and acceptability (∆E00 = 1.8) thresholds using one‐sample t test (α = 0.05). An error was considered when the ∆E00 value was greater than the threshold. Subsequently, the shade guides' precision scores were calculated.ResultsMean ∆E00 values ranged between 0.3 and 0.5 for VC tabs and between 0.3 and 0.6 for VM tabs. Precision scores for both shade guides ranged from 83.3% to 100%, considering the perceptibility threshold. Regarding the acceptability threshold, precision scores for VC ranged from 93.3% to 100%, while the precision scores for VM were 100%.ConclusionsOwing to high precision of VC and VM, identical dental shade guides can be used interchangeably.Clinical SignificanceUsing identical dental shade guides interchangeably may affect the color results of restorative treatments. This study identified high levels of precision for identical shade tabs of Vita classical and Vita 3D‐Master across different batches. Thus, similar dental shade guides can be used interchangeably.
Seroreversion of hepatitis B surface antigen among subjects with resolved hepatitis B virus infection: A community‐based cohort study
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Lun , Liang Po‐Cheng , Huang Ching‐I , Hsieh Meng‐Hsuan , Lin Yi‐Hung , Jang Tyng‐Yuan , Wei Yu‐Ju , Hsu Po‐Yao , Hsu Cheng‐Ting , Wang Chih‐Wen , Hsieh Ming‐Yen , Lin Zu‐Yau , Chen Shinn‐Cherng , Huang Chung‐Feng , Huang Jee‐Fu , Dai Chia‐Yen , Chuang Wan‐Long , Yu Ming‐Lung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimHepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) seroreversion usually occurs during immunosuppressive therapy. The risk and factors of HBsAg seroreversion from resolved HBV infection in the general population remained unclear.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled subjects with resolved HBV infection and who had received at least two times of screening in a longitudinal community screening program. HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antibody (anti‐HBs), and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti‐HCV) were tested every time in all subjects. The primary endpoint was HBsAg seroreversion.ResultsOf the 7630 subjects enrolled, 5158 (67.6%) subjects had positive anti‐HBs at baseline. HBsAg seroreversion occurred in 84 subjects during 42 815‐person‐year follow‐up with an annual incidence of 0.2% and a 10‐year cumulative risk of 1.9%. Anti‐HBV treatment‐experienced subjects had a significantly higher risk of HBsAg seroreversion than anti‐HBV treatment‐naive subjects (83/310 [26.8%] vs 1/7320 [0.01%], P < 0.001). Lower rates of positive anti‐HBs and anti‐HCV were observed in anti‐HBV treatment‐experienced subjects who developed HBsAg seroreversion. Both positive anti‐HBs (hazard ratio/95% confidence interval: 0.56/0.348–0.903, P = 0.017) and positive anti‐HCV (hazard ratio/95% confidence interval: 0.08/0.030–0.234, P < 0.001) were independent factors of HBsAg seroreversion in anti‐HBV treatment‐experienced subjects. Less than 5% of the HBsAg seroreverters had clinical hepatitis flare at HBsAg seroreversion. The HBsAg titer was low, and only transient reappeared in most of the HBsAg seroreverters.ConclusionsSubjects with resolved HBV infection were at a minimal risk of HBsAg seroreversion, unless with prior anti‐HBV treatment experience. Fortunately, even with a reappearance of HBsAg, it was transient and clinically non‐relevant.
The impact of macroeconomic uncertainty on inequality: An empirical study for the United Kingdom
Authors: Theophilopoulou Angeliki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe role of economic uncertainty on macroeconomic fluctuations has been studied extensively in the empirical literature; however, its distributional effects have received little attention. This paper attempts to fill this gap by investigating whether macroeconomic uncertainty affects income, wage, and consumption inequality in the United Kingdom. Our findings suggest that measures of inequality fall significantly to a macroeconomic uncertainty shock. Households in the middle and right tail of the income distribution appear to be more adversely affected relative to ones in the left tail. Income composition and households indebtedness explain a large part of the heterogeneous response. Uncertainty also appears to account significantly for the variation of income and consumption inequality.
Morphological assessment of GABA and glutamate inputs to GnRH neurons in intact female mice using expansion microscopy
Authors: Yeo Shel‐Hwa , Herde Michel K. , Herbison Allan E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe roles GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs in regulating the activity of the gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons at the time of the preovulatory surge remain unclear. We used expansion microscopy to compare the density of GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on the GnRH neuron cell body and proximal dendrite in dioestrous and pro‐oestrous female mice. An evaluation of all synapses immunoreactive for synaptophysin revealed that the highest density of inputs to rostral preoptic area GnRH neurons occurred within the first 45 µm of the primary dendrite (approximately 0.19 synapses µm‐1) with relatively few synapses on the GnRH neuron soma or beyond 45 µm of the dendrite (0.05‐0.08 synapses µm‐1). Triple immunofluorescence labelling demonstrated a predominance of glutamatergic signalling with twice as many vesicular glutamate transporter 2 synapses detected compared to vesicular GABA transporter. Co‐labelling with the GABAA receptor scaffold protein gephyrin and the glutamate receptor postsynaptic density marker Homer1 confirmed these observations, as well as the different spatial distribution of GABA and glutamate inputs along the dendrite. Quantitative assessments revealed no differences in synaptophysin, GABA or glutamate synapses at the proximal dendrite and soma of GnRH neurons between dioestrous and pro‐oestrous mice. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the GnRH neuron receives twice as many glutamatergic synapses compared to GABAergic synapses and that these inputs preferentially target the first 45 µm of the GnRH neuron proximal dendrite. These inputs appear to be structurally stable before the onset of pro‐oestrous GnRH surge.
Efficacy of a combined chemical peel and topical salicylic acid‐based gel combination in the treatment of active acne
Authors: Calvisi Lucia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a common skin condition affecting the pilosebaceous unit of the skin characterized by the presence of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts, which might result in permanent scars. It commonly affects adolescents, but it can occur in any age‐group with the second group of incidence in young women in their 30s.Acne vulgaris can highly affect a person's quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to act against it to prevent emotional impact and long‐term complications.AimThis study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of a chemical peel in combination with a home care‐exfoliating and purifying product in improving mild and moderate acne.MethodsThe study included 45 patients with mild‐to‐moderate acne. Patients were treated with a chemical peel containing a mix of salicylic acid, pyruvic acid, and retinoic acid once every 3 weeks for 4 times, plus a home care treatment after the healing process.Michaelson's acne severity score, Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, and Face Skin Q questionnaire were used to evaluate patients’ skin improvement and patients’ satisfaction.ResultsAll patients have shown improvement in skin lesions after 4 sessions of chemical peel according to Michaelson's acne severity score and Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Score. Face Skin Q questionnaire demonstrated an improved quality of life in all treated patients.ConclusionThe combination of salicylic acid‐based chemical peel plus exfoliating home care treatment appears to be a very good strategy against acne. Therefore, the physician may use this combination as an effective treatment for patients dealing with acne vulgaris.
Dual‐species origin of an adaptive chemical defense polymorphism
Authors: Olsen Kenneth M. , Goad David M. , Wright Sara J. , Dutta Maya L. , Myers Samantha R. , Small Linda L. , Li Lin‐Feng 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Allopolyploid speciation and chemical defense diversification are two of the most characteristic features of plant evolution; although the former has likely shaped the latter, this has rarely been documented. Here we document allopolyploidy‐mediated chemical defense evolution in the origin of cyanogenesis (HCN release upon tissue damage) in white clover (Trifolium repens).

We combined linkage mapping of the loci that control cyanogenesis (Ac, controlling production of cyanogenic glucosides; and Li, controlling production of their hydrolyzing enzyme linamarase) with genome sequence comparisons between white clover, a recently evolved allotetraploid, and its diploid progenitors (Trifolium pallescens, Trifolium occidentale).

The Ac locus (a three‐gene cluster comprising the cyanogenic glucoside pathway) is derived from T. occidentale; it maps to linkage group 2O (occidentale subgenome) and is orthologous to a highly similar cluster in the T. occidentale reference genome. By contrast, Li maps to linkage group 4P (pallescens subgenome), indicating an origin in the other progenitor species.

These results indicate that cyanogenesis evolved in white clover as a product of the interspecific hybridization that created the species. This allopolyploidization‐derived chemical defense, together with subsequent selection on intraspecific cyanogenesis variation, appears to have contributed to white clover’s ecological success as a globally distributed weed species.
Predicting hospital mortality in COVID‐19 hemodialysis patients with developed scores
Authors: Sevinc Can , Demirci Recep , Timur Ozge 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVarious risk scores such as COVID‐GRAM Critical Illness Risk Score (COVID‐GRAM), quick COVID‐19 Severity Index (qCSI), and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) have been developed to determine critical illness in hospitalized patients. None of these risk scoring systems was evaluated in HD patients who indeed carry the highest risk of developing critical illnesses. We aimed to evaluate, in hemodialysis (HD) patients with COVID‐19, the performance of these scoring systems for the need of intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality. The qCSI, COVID‐GRAM, and SII scores of the patients at admission to hospital were calculated and grouped according to the scoring results. The primary outcome of the study was mortality and need of ICU. Critical illness was described as a composition of admission to the ICU, invasive ventilation, or death. It was determined that when the qCSI is over 6.5, the need for ICU increased 13.8 times and mortality increased 21.3 times. When the COVID‐GRAM score is >157, the ICU need increased 14.7 times and the mortality increased 33.7 times. We found that the need for ICU increased 4.2 times and mortality increased 3.1 times when the SII score was >1145. These tests, which can be easily calculated, could be used to estimate the risk of developing critical illness among COVID‐19 HD patients. Estimating the risk of critical illness could help to reduce mortality in HD patients.
Statistical characterization of a confined submarine fan system: The Pennsylvanian Lower Atoka Formation, Ouachita Mountains, USA
Authors: Hou Pengfei , Jobe Zane R. , Wood Lesli J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCurrent knowledge of submarine fan deposits has historically relied heavily on qualitative field and subsurface observations and interpretations, but recent studies using statistical analyses have enhanced the understanding of submarine fan sub‐environments, including the degree of confinement, stratigraphic patterns and potential control factors. The purpose of this study is to improve the quantitative understanding of synorogenic submarine fan deposition at foreland basin settings with a statistical approach. A suite of statistical methods is integrated and developed (Hurst Statistics/rescaled range analysis, bed thickness frequency distribution analysis, Markov Chains and time‐series analysis), and applied to the well‐understood Pennsylvanian lower Atoka submarine fan system in the Ouachita Mountains, United States, for this purpose. The results of the Hurst Statistics and bed thickness analyses corroborate qualitative interpretations that: (i) the lower Atoka is lobe‐dominated; and (ii) the south‐eastern (wedge top) portion of the system is more strongly confined than the northern (foredeep) portion. The Markov Chains and time‐series analyses reveal the prevalence (56% of the measured sections) of stratigraphic orderliness and cyclicity; these results are used to discuss potential control signals, which are otherwise difficult to distinguish, on the turbidite sandstone recurrence cycles. The results of this study demonstrate that these integrated statistical methods can be utilized to quantify depositional interpretations and extract hidden information using outcrops with limited exposures.
Glyoxalase I‐4 functions downstream of NAC72 to modulate downy mildew resistance in grapevine
Authors: Li Tiemei , Cheng Xin , Wang Xiaowei , Li Guanggui , Wang Bianbian , Wang Wenyuan , Zhang Na , Han Yulei , Jiao Bolei , Wang Yuejin , Liu Guotian , Xu Tengfei , Xu Yan 
Published: July 2021

SummaryGlyoxalase I (GLYI) is part of the glyoxalase system; its major function is the detoxification of α‐ketoaldehydes, including the potent and cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG). Methylglyoxal disrupts mitochondrial respiration and increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which also increase during pathogen infection of plant tissues; however, there have been few studies relating the glyoxalase system to the plant pathogen response. We used the promoter of VvGLYI‐4 to screen the upstream transcription factors and report a NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) domain‐containing transcription factor VvNAC72 in grapevine, which is localized to the nucleus. Our results show that VvNAC72 expression is induced by downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, while the transcript level of VvGLYI‐4 decreases. Further analysis revealed that VvNAC72 can bind directly to the promoter region of VvGLYI‐4 via the CACGTG element, leading to inhibition of VvGLYI‐4 transcription. Stable overexpression of VvNAC72 in grapevine and tobacco showed a decreased expression level of VvGLYI‐4 and increased content of MG and ROS, as well as stronger resistance to pathogen stress. Taken together, these results demonstrate that grapevine VvNAC72 negatively modulates detoxification of MG through repression of VvGLYI‐4, and finally enhances resistance to downy mildew, at least in part, via the modulation of MG‐associated ROS homeostasis through a salicylic acid‐mediated defense pathway.
Cohesive Behaviors of Hydrogel Under Large-Scale Bridging
Authors: Wan Xiaodong , He Yunfeng , Chen Yujie , Yang Canhui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It has been recently revealed that large-scale bridging mechanism can be invoked to drastically improve the debonding resistance of hydrogel adhesion, but the optimization of the improvement remains elusive. Aiming at shedding light on the optimization, the present article investigates the cohesive behaviors of hydrogel under the condition of large-scale bridging in 90-deg peel. A quasi-static model is established based on the principle of minimum potential energy, with the traction-separation law determined from experiments. The model is proved reliable in predicting the force-displacement response and the backing profile up to the peak peel force. Further theoretical analyses indicate that, within the range of interest, the peak peel force decreases with the extended length, increases with the Young’s modulus of backing, increases, and then plateaus with the adhesion length and the thickness and bending stiffness of backing. In addition, the vertical displacement at peak peel force escalates with the extended length, remains mostly constant with varying adhesion length, declines with the Young’s modulus of backing, and declines and then stabilizes with increasing thickness and bending stiffness of backing. These theoretical insights may help tailor the material properties and geometric parameters for on-demand design of hydrogel adhesion and other soft adhesives for biomedicine and engineering.