bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transposition of Great Arteries
Authors: Prasad Verma Rita 
Published: August 2021

TGA is the commonest complex congenital cyanotic cardiac anomaly occurring during the first week of life. It is characterized by the unusual anomaly of ventriculoarterial discordance, with the aorta (A) originating from the right ventricle (RV) and the pulmonary artery (PA) from the left ventricle (LV). In the common Dextro form (DTGA), A is abnormally located to the right, anterior, and inferior of PA. The anatomic configuration results in the lethal hemodynamic pattern of 2 independent and parallel running circulatory circuits, which mandates creating a conduit to ensure the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood for survival. In the rare Levo form (LTGA), the aorta is placed anterior and to the left of PA with ventricular inversion. TGA is well tolerated in the fetus and is challenging to diagnose by fetal echocardiography unless the outflow tracts are specifically visualized. Postnatally the typical findings of murmur and cyanosis vary according to the associated cardiac defects and the degree of intercirculatory mixing. The arterial switch operation (ASO), which involves establishing ventriculoarterial concordance, is the standard surgical repair of D-TGA and has replaced the atrial switch procedures due to its superior long-term outcomes. The Rastelli procedure is used for complex DTGA cases. DTGA has a 90% mortality rate in the first year of life if untreated, while over 95% survive for 5 to 25 years after surgery. Post-surgical course may be complicated and require surgical revisions. The long-term outcome is associated with normal or mild to moderate neurodevelopmental disabilities, depending upon the type, complexity, and course of the disease. Expert follow-up of the patients into adulthood is an integral part of the management of TGA for best outcomes.
Inhibition of Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related protein 1 promotes the progression and drug resistance of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Hong , Tang Peipei , Ni Kejie , Zhu Lun , Chen Song , Zheng Yulong , Wan Yufeng 
Published: August 2021

Background
Lung cancer is a common malignant carcinoma of respiratory system with high morbidity and mortality. Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related protein 1 (Keap1), a member of the BTB-Kelch protein family, has been reported as an important molecule in several cancers. However, its potential role in tumor is still controversial. Here we aim to clarify the effect of Keap1 on the biological characteristics and chemotherapy resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was conducted to compare Keap1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and matched non-cancerous tissues, and the correlation between Keap1 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed. Subsequently, the stable A549 and H1299 cell lines with Keap1 knockdown or overexpression were constructed using lentivirus. The roles of Keap1 on the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and drug resistance were investigated by colony formation assay, cell proliferation assay, wound scratch test, transwell invasion assay and drug sensitivity assay, respectively.

Results
Keap1 was lowly expressed in tumor tissues compared to matched non-cancerous tissues, and its expression was correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Early stage (I) tumors without lymph node metastasis had higher levels of Keap1 expression compared with late-stage tumors (II, III) with the presence of lymphatic metastasis. Colony formation assays showed that Keap1 knockdown promoted the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells, and the cell growth curves further confirmed this feature. In contrast, wound scratch and transwell invasion experiments showed that Keap1 overexpression inhibited cell migration and invasive malignancy. The IC50 for cisplatin and paclitaxel were significantly increased by Keap1 knockdown in A549 and H1299 cell lines.

Conclusion
Keap1 knockdown promotes tumor cell growth, proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in LUAD. It may be a potential tumor marker to guide the staging and treatment of lung cancer.
Health status risk factors and quality of life in 75–84-year-old individuals assessed for dementia using the short 10/66 dementia diagnostic schedule
Authors: Davis Gershwin , Baboolal Nelleen , Tripathi Vrijesh , Stewart Robert 
Published: August 2021

Background
Trinidad is an island that not only has a population at high vascular risk but also one that is in epidemiological transition with high dementia prevalence. The aim of the study was to investigate modifiable risk factors associated with dementia in middle-old (75–84 years) individuals.

Methods
As part of a large national community survey of dementia prevalence in Trinidad, 811 people aged 75–84 years were evaluated for dementia using the 10/66 short algorithm. Demographic data collected included information on age, gender, ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, living accommodation, smoking, alcohol consumption, self-reported medical conditions, impairments and ability to do instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
Of the 811 participants, nearly 55% were female. The mean age was 78.8 (SD = 2.8) years and dementia was present in 198 (24.4%). Having less than ten years of education, being an agricultural worker, skilled labourer or housewife and having more than four co-morbidities were significantly associated with dementia. The odds ratio for dementia for those having self-reported stroke was 4.93 (95% CI [2.64–9.23]) and for diabetes was 1.76 (95% CI [1.17–2.65]) adjusting for age, age2, gender, ethnicity, religion, education and occupation. Impairment in eyesight, hearing, climbing stairs, and walking were also more common in the group with dementia. Ability to perform IADLs was linked with dementia. Individuals with dementia were more likely to be unable to perform any of the eight IADLs. Those who did not exercise at all (OR 6.95, 95% CI [2.02–23.90]) and those who did low exercise (OR 1.83, 95% CI [1.07–3.13]) compared to those who did moderate to high exercise were also more likely to have dementia.

Conclusion
In the middle-old population in Trinidad having diabetes and stroke, low IADL score, and no exercise were more common in people with dementia.
Minimizing of Dextran during Sugar Beet Manufacturing
Authors: Alraoof H. S. Abd , Syiad S. I. El- , Hamid A. A. Abdel- , Sherif Sanaa A. El- 
Published: August 2021

The most serious processing problem can clear arise from the presence of dextran gum. The presence of dextran in sugar processing leads to less of sucrose and creates problems to sugar producers by increasing viscosity, lowing sugar yield, increasing molasses purities slowing filtration. The application of dextran enzyme to reduce dextran from raw juice was more efficient and economic than adding it to clear juice and syrup. Sixty percent of dextran removal was achieved when dextranase applied at concentration of 20u/100ml raw juice and 30min incubation. The dextran reduction and reached 65% by the use of 30u under some condition in clear juice, the percentage of dextran reduction reached 25,27 and 45% when dextranase enzyme used at 30u /100mol after 10,20 and 30 min of the incubation respectively. The use of the application of dextranase enzyme to reduce dextran from raw juice was more efficient and economic than adding it to clear juice and syrup.
Sixty percent of the dextran was removed when using dextranase applications at a concentration of 20u/100ml of raw juice over 30 minutes.
The Existence of Entire Positive Solutions to Monge-Amp`ere Type Equations
Authors: Bai Shuangshuang 
Published: August 2021

Aims/ Objectives: In this paper, we study the Monge-Amp`ere type equation det D2u + α∆u = p(|x|)f(u)(x ∈ Rn).
In the previous articles, the equation with Monge-Amp`ere operator or Laplace operator has been studied extensively. However, the research about the combination of two kinds of operator is scarce. We would like do some research on this topic. We obtain a sufficient condition of the existence of entire positive solutions for the equation.
Study Design: Study on the existence of solutions.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, September 2019 to present.
Methodology: We prove the existence of the solution by constructing Euler’s break line, combining the idea of transformation and the method of mathematical analysis. Results: We obtain a sufficient condition of the existence of entire positive solutions for the equation.
Conclusion: We prove the existence of entire positive solutions to Monge-Amp`ere type equation det D2u + α∆u = p(|x|)f(u)(x ∈ Rn) and obtain the sufficient condition for the existence of solutions.
Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of Male Flower Buds of Some Banana Cultivars Grown in Assam
Authors: Das Hemanga , Hazarika D. N. , Langthasa Supriya , Borah Rupshree 
Published: August 2021

The experiment was conducted in the Department of Horticulture, Biswanath College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Biswanath Chariali in the period begning from November, 2016 till the end of 2018 with eight different banana cultivars grown in Assam i.e T1: Jahaji (AAA), T2: Amritsagar (AAA), T3: Chenichampa (AAB), T4: Malbhog (AAB), T5: Kachkal (ABB), T6: Manohar (ABB), T7: Bhimkal (BBB), T8: Wild banana (BB). Phytochemical assessment revealed the highest and lowest values of pH in the cultivars of balbisiana group and acuminata group, respectively. The moisture content ranged from 80 to 90 percent; ash content, sucrose content, crude fibre and total carbohydrate content varied in all the cultivars. Sugar content in terms of glucose and fructose were highest in Chenichampa while the lowest glucose content was recorded in Amritsagar. Phosphorus content ranged from 51.98 mg/100g to 14.27 mg/100g while potassium content ranged from 786.40 mg/100g to 427.61 mg/100g. The male flower buds possessed crude protein, starch, anthocyanin, sugars, carbohydrates, proteins, important minerals like phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and anti-nutrients like tannin, saponin and phenolic compounds, but their concentrations varied among the cultivars. Organoleptic taste revealed that the male flower buds of cultivars namely, Bhimkal (BB), Wild banana (BB), Malbhog (AAB) and Kachkal (ABB) were found to be tastiest for consumption as vegetable.
Efficient Power Response Characteristics of 2KVA Low Cost Inverter under Resistive Loads and Inductive Loads
Authors: Anyanor O. O. , Nwokoye A. O. C. , Ikenga O. A. , Emeregonu C. C. 
Published: August 2021

The paper discussed the design of low cost inverter using SG3525A IC and IRF3205 MOSFET in H-Bridge configuration. The implementation of the real construction involved the use of IC SG3525A for generation of output pulses; the totem pole arrangement of transistors was used in the driver section of the inverter to boost signals as well as switching purposes. The H-bridge configuration was employed to effectively switch the four MOSFETs, this switching produced an alternating potential of 220V. Pre-set conditions such as load condition, low battery cut, overcharge cut and constant output were set at 1700W, 10V, 13.3V and 220V respectively so as to ensure effective and long lasting usage of the inverter. The battery used for the operation of the inverter was 12V maintenance free battery in order to reduce the cost of using the inverter. The various tests carried out on this inverter were tests on inductive loads, resistive loads, home appliances, overload condition, low battery and charging control. The aim of this work is to achieve inverter design analysis under resistive loads and inductive loads for efficient power usage at lowest possible cost. This was achieved by connecting various resistive and inductive loads on the inverter. The results show that the system can operate under both the resistive and inductive loads but operates better under resistive loads, the reason for this is that inductive loads always draw large currents during start-ups which always result to power losses.
Graphs were plotted and analyzed; the results also showed that this inverter can take up to 1700W of resistive load and inductive load of 1020W. The inverter produced no humming sound from inductive loads and home appliances such as fan, television, refrigerator e.t.c that were within its maximum capacity of 1700W.
Optical Properties of Ion Accumulation Areas in MAPbX3 Single Crystals
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Kang Ruyan , Cheng Pengpeng , Liu Zehan , Zuo Zhiyuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIP) material‐based devices have attracted much attention in the past few years owing to their superior photoelectric performance. However, ion migration has hindered the commercialization of these devices. The accumulation of migrated ions or defects near electrodes and boundaries is inevitable under a voltage bias. This paper reports a systematic study on the optical properties of ion accumulation areas in HOIP. Quantitative electric fields are applied to MAPbX3 (MA = methylammonium and X = Cl, Br, or I) single crystals, and micro‐optical characterizations, including photoluminescence (PL) spectra, PL lifetimes, and Raman spectra, are performed. Significant differences in the intensity and peak position are observed in the PL spectrum near the anode and cathode regions, respectively. The phenomena observed in the study can be attributed to the migration and accumulation of halide ions, halide vacancies, and MA+ ions. Moreover, the results reveal that halide ions and vacancies play a significant role in carrier recombination. Finally, the Raman spectrum confirms that the migrated ions affect the interaction between the organic MA+ ions and inorganic Pb–X cages.
Hybrid Porous Crystalline Materials from Metal Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Chen Ziman , Li Xinle , Yang Chongqing , Cheng Kaipeng , Tan Tianwei , Lv Yongqin , Liu Yi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo frontier crystalline porous framework materials, namely, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have been widely explored owing to their outstanding physicochemical properties. While each type of framework has its own intrinsic advantages and shortcomings for specific applications, combining the complementary properties of the two materials allows the engineering of new classes of hybrid porous crystalline materials with properties superior to the individual components. Since the first report of MOF/COF hybrid in 2016, it has rapidly evolved as a novel platform for diverse applications. The state‐of‐art advances in the various synthetic approaches of MOF/COF hybrids are hereby summarized, together with their applications in different areas. Perspectives on the main challenges and future opportunities are also offered in order to inspire a multidisciplinary effort toward the further development of chemically diverse, multi‐functional hybrid porous crystalline materials.
Trajectories of Youth's Helping From Adolescence into Adulthood: The Importance of Social Relations and Values
Authors: Ramey Heather L. , Lawford Heather L. , Pancer S. Mark , Matsuba M. Kyle , Pratt Michael W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHelping behaviors (e.g., helping a sick friend, volunteering) are important forms of community involvement and likely change with age and life context. Yet, trajectories of community helping from adolescence through early adulthood have rarely been examined. It is also unclear how the roles of family, friends, and social attitudes might foster the development of helping behaviors across these years. We report on a study of community helping in a Canadian youth sample, across five intervals over a 15‐year span, beginning at age 17 (N = 416). Helping displayed a quadratic trend, decreasing into the mid‐20s, and then rebounding somewhat by 32. Social responsibility and salience of friends' prosocial moral values positively predicted age 17 community helping, whereas parents' moral values predicted less decrease in helping over this timeline. These findings add to an understanding of moral influences and social responsibility, in the potential shaping of youths' community helping behaviors.
Sleep duration, risk of obesity, and parental perceptions of residential neighborhood environments in 6–9 years‐old children
Authors: Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides M. , Rodrigues Daniela , Gama Augusta , Nogueira Helena , Mascarenhas Luís P. , Padez Cristina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed to analyze the association between healthy sleep duration of children and the parental perception of the social/built environment.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was done and a sample of 8273 children (4183 females) aged 6–9 years was observed. Height (cm) and weight (Kg) were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Participants were classified as normal weight or overweight/obese. Sleep habits, sedentary behaviors (i.e., TV viewing) and environmental variables were assessed by questionnaire. Logistic regressions were used, with adjustments for age, sex, BMI, and sedentary time.ResultsChildren whose parents reported a positive perception of the built environment in the residential area were 1.21 times more likely to have regular sleep habits during weekdays. Furthermore, children whose parents reported a negative perception of the social environment and safety were 81% more likely to have irregular sleep habits during the weekdays.ConclusionsThe present study revealed a positive association between regular sleep during the weekdays and the parental perception of the social/built environment (land use and urban design).
Organocatalytic Enantioselective and Diastereodivergent Mannich Reactions of 5‐Substituted Oxazolidin‐2,4‐Diones
Authors: Yin Yanli , Fan Yifan , Zhao Xiaowei , Chai Guobi , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe first catalytic asymmetric Mannich reaction of 5‐substituted oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones is reported. By using an L‐tert‐leucine‐derived thiourea‐tertiary amine as catalyst, a variety of valuable oxazolidine‐2,4‐ones bearing a quaternary stereocenter at the 5‐position and an adjacent aza‐tertiary stereocenter at the α‐position of the heterocycles were obtained in high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities. Meanwhile, exploiting an L‐tert‐leucine‐derived dipeptide‐based thiourea‐amide‐tertiary amine catalyst could switch diastereoselectivity, delivering the corresponding diastereomers with good to excellent enantioselectivities.
Phthalazine‐based VEGFR‐2 inhibitors: Rationale, design, synthesis, in silico, ADMET profile, docking, and anticancer evaluations
Authors: Khedr Fathalla , Ibrahim Mohamed‐Kamal , Eissa Ibrahim H. , Abulkhair Hamada S. , El‐Adl Khaled 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the designed compounds, a new linker was inserted in the form of fragments with verified VEGFR‐2 inhibitory potential, including an α,β‐unsaturated ketonic fragment, pyrazole, and pyrimidine. Also, new distal hydrophobic moieties were attached to these linkers that are expected to increase the hydrophobic interaction with VEGFR‐2 and, consequently, the affinity. These structural optimizations have led us to identify the novel dihydropyrazole derivative 6e as a promising hit molecule. All the new derivatives were evaluated to assess their anticancer activity against three human cancer cell lines, including HepG2, HCT‐116, and MCF‐7. The results of the in vitro anticancer evaluation study revealed the moderate to excellent cytotoxicity of 6c, 6e, 6g, and 7b, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. The inhibitory activity of VEGFR‐2 was investigated for 16 of the designed compounds. The enzyme assay results of the new compounds were compared with those of sorafenib as a reference VEGFR‐2 inhibitor. The obtained results demonstrated that our derivatives are potent VEGFR‐2 inhibitors. The most potent derivatives 6c, 6e, 6g, and 7b showed IC50 values in the range of 0.11–0.22 µM. Molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies were also conducted to rationalize the VEGFR‐2 inhibitory activity and to evaluate the ability of the most potent derivatives to be developed as good drug candidates.
Clinicopathological and molecular characterizations of pulmonary NUT midline carcinoma
Authors: Xie Mian , Fu Xinge , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary nuclear protein of the testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a aggressive cancer with t (15, 19) translocation. Here we present the clinicopathological characteristics and molecular genetics alterations of primary pulmonary NMC.MethodsFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was performed to evaluate NUT translocation. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to investigate genomic landscape. A panel of 289 lung cancer tissues with undifferentiation was retrospectively screened for NUT expression by immunohistochemical (IHC) assay.ResultsOverall, 2136 lung cancer samples were reviewed. We consecutively identified 12 cases of primary pulmonary NMC. Computed tomography revealed centrally located bulky lung mass with ipsilateral mediastinal lymph node and pleural involvements. Tumor cells presented diffuse poor differentiation and focal squamous differentiation with positive NUT expression. NUT rearrangement was confirmed by FISH assay. Ten NMC samples were investigated by NGS. The most common alterations identified were P53, PIK3CA, AUTS2, ITIH2, and CDKL5 genes. Pulmonary NMC exhibited increased activity of PI3K/AKT pathway. In the screening study, BRD4‐NUT rearrangement was identified in two cases.ConclusionNUT rearrangement remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of pulmonary NMC. PI3K inhibition is a potential targeted therapy for pulmonary NMC.
Construction of Synthetic Nanobody Library in Mammalian Cells by dsDNA‐Based Strategies**
Authors: Zhao Yanjie , Wang Yi , Su Weijun , Li Shuai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA nanobody is an antibody fragment consisting of a single monomeric variable antigen‐binding domain. Mammalian cells are ideal platforms for identifying nanobodies targeting hard‐to‐display transmembrane proteins and nanobodies that function as modulators of cellular phenotypes. However, the introduction of a high‐diversity nanobody library into mammalian cells is challenging. We have developed two novel methods for constructing a nanobody library in mammalian cells. Complementarity‐determining region (CDR) random sequences were first incorporated into upstream and downstream dsDNAs by PCR. In the first method, named dsDNA‐HR, upstream and downstream dsDNAs containing an identical overlapping sequence were co‐transfected into cultured mammalian cells for intracellular homologous recombination that resulted in the formation of an intact nanobody library expression cassette. In the second method, named in vitro ligation, we generated full‐length nanobody expression dsDNAs via ligation of restriction digested upstream and downstream dsDNAs. The obtained full‐length dsDNAs were transfected into mammalian cells for nanobody library expression. Using both methods, we generated over a million unique nanobody sequences, as revealed by high‐throughput sequencing. Single‐cell sequencing was employed to resolve the diversity of the dsDNA‐HR nanobody library. We also identified a small molecule, Nocodazole, which could enhance the efficacy of dsDNA‐HR.