bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced ultraviolet absorption in graphene by aluminum and magnesium hole-arrays
Authors: Cheng Xueling , Wang Yunshan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOptoelectronic devices in the UV range have many applications including deep-UV communications, UV photodetectors, UV spectroscopy, etc. Graphene has unique exciton resonances, that have demonstrated large photosensitivity across the UV spectrum. Enhancing UV absorption in graphene has the potential to boost the performance of the various opto-electronic devices. Here we report numerical study of UV absorption in graphene on aluminum and magnesium hole-arrays. The absorption in a single-layer graphene on aluminum and magnesium hole-arrays reached a maximum value of 28% and 30% respectively, and the absorption peak is tunable from the UV to the visible range. The proposed graphene hybrid structure does not require graphene to be sandwiched between different material layers and thus is easy to fabricate and allows graphene to interact with its surroundings.
A randomized controlled trial of ovarian reserve preservation and hemostasis during ovarian cystectomy
Authors: Park Soo Jin , Seol Aeran , Lee Nara , Lee Seungmee , Kim Hee Seung ,   PRAHA Study Group, Seol Aeran , Lee Eunji , Yim Ga Won , Paik Haerin , Kim Hee Seung , Lim Hyunji , Kim Jae-Weon , Mun Jaehee , Kim Junhwan , Lee Nara , Lee Seungmee , Park Soo Jin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe preservation of ovarian reserve during laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) ovarian cystectomy is crucial for reproductive-age women. This study was a single-blinded, single-center, and randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of hemostatic agents on the preservation of ovarian reserve and hemostasis during LESS ovarian cystectomy. Patients with unilateral ovarian cyst were randomized to the hemostatic agent and coagulation groups according to the hemostasis method. Afterwards, the patients underwent LESS ovarian cystectomy, and hemostasis was performed after ovarian cyst excision according to the assigned hemostasis method. If hemostasis was not completed within 10 min. After discharge, the patients were followed until 3 months after surgery. We compared the hemoglobin, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, and ovarian volumes before surgery, and 2 days, 1 week, and 3 months after surgery (3 M-POST), and the decline ratio between the two groups. The decline ratio of serum AMH levels was greater at 3 M-POST in the coagulation than in the hemostatic agent group (median intention-to-treat [ITT], − 36.7 vs. − 13.3%; per-protocol [PP], − 36.8 vs. − 13.3%; P < 0.05). Notably, the difference of the decline ratio of serum AMH levels was only shown in endometriosis patients (median; ITT, − 50.7 vs. − 14.4%; PP, − 50.7% vs. − 14.4%; P < 0.05), while there was no difference in non-endometriosis patients. In conclusion, Hemostatic agents may be non-inferior to bipolar coagulation for preserving ovarian reserve and hemostasis during LESS ovarian cystectomy, in particular, for endometriosis patients. (Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03374397).
Edaphic and climatic factors influence on the distribution of soil transmitted helminths in Kogi East, Nigeria
Authors: Yaro Clement Ameh , Kogi Ezekiel , Luka Sodangi Abdulkarim , Nassan Mohamed A. , Kabir Junaidu , Opara Kenneth Nnamdi , Hetta Helal F. , Batiha Gaber El-Saber 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe need for a reliable risk map in the control of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) in Kogi East, North Central Nigeria is very important. This study was carried out to determine the effect of environmental risk factors on geospatial distribution of STHs. Epidemiological data were obtained from a district-wide survey conducted in 2018 in Kogi East. Edaphic and climatic factors were downloaded as spatial layers from international recognised health data resources centres. A total of 24 environmental factors were used in determining the risk map of STHs using MaxEnt tool. The predicted high-risk areas of A. lumbricoides, hookworms and S. stercoralis were the central part of Kogi East covering parts of Dekina, Ofu, Igalamela-Odolu, Olamaboro and Omala LGAs with probability of 0.8 to 1.00. Among the factors investigated; Temperature [mean diurnal temperature range (BIO2), temperature annual range (BIO7) and maximum temperature of the warmest month (BIO5)], precipitation [precipitation of the wettest quarter (BIO16)], and soil clay contents were the five factors that exerted most significant influence on the geospatial distribution of STHs in Kogi East, Nigeria. Public health control programmes on STHs should target high-risk areas by including them in mass drug administration, health education as well as provision of water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructures.
A survival analysis of surgically treated incidental low-grade glioma patients
Authors: Zeng Lingcheng , Mei Qi , Li Hua , Ke Changshu , Yu Jiasheng , Chen Jian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the surgical effect on survival in patients with incidental low-grade glioma (LGG) through comparison between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The medical records of surgically treated adult cerebral incidental LGG (iLGG) patients in our department between January 2008 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The survival of patients was calculated starting from the initial imaging diagnosis. Factors related to progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and malignant progression-free survival (MPFS) were statistically analyzed. Seventy-five iLGG patients underwent surgery: 49 in the asymptomatic group, who underwent surgery in the asymptomatic period, and 26 in the symptomatic group, who underwent surgery after the tumor had grown and the patients had developed tumor-related symptoms. Significantly more tumors were initially located adjacent to the functional area in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the total resection rate between the two groups. The incidence of postoperative complications (15.4%) and postoperative epilepsy (23.1%) was higher in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (4.1% and 10.2%, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that surgical timing, namely, surgery performed before or after symptom occurrence, had no significant effect on PFS, OS or MPFS, while total resection significantly prolonged PFS, OS and MPFS, and the pathology of oligodendroglioma was positively correlated with PFS and OS (P < 0.05). Surgical timing for iLGGs should facilitate total resection. If total resection can be achieved, even after symptom occurrence, patients can achieve comparable survival benefits to those treated with surgery in the asymptomatic phase.
Optimisation of T2 and T2* sequences in MRI for better quantification of iron on transfused dependent sickle cell patients
Authors: Ahmed Azza , Baldo Amani , Sulieman A. , Mirghani Hind , Abolaban Fouad A. , Suliman I. I. , Salih Isam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work aimed to investigate the effect of different shim techniques, voxel sizes, and repetition time (TR) on using theT2 and T2* sequences to determine their optimum settings to investigate the quantification of iron in transfused dependent sickle cell patients. The effect of each of these parameters was investigated on phantoms of different Gadolinium (Gd) concentrations, on 10 volunteers and 25 patients using a1 5T MRI Philips scanner. No significant difference between the three shim techniques was noticed in either T2 or T2* sequence measurements. Pixel sizes of 1 × 1 and 2 × 2 mm provided optimum results for T2 measurements. At 1 × 1 mm pixel size the T2* measurements experienced less error in measurements than the size of 2.5 × 2.5 mm used in the literature. Even though the slice thickness variation did not provide any changes in T2 measurements, the 12 mm provided optimum T2* measurements. TR variation did not yield significant changes on either T2 or T2* measurements. These results indicate that both T2 and T2* sequences can be further improved by providing more reliable measurements and reducing acquisition time.
Immuno-profiling and cellular spatial analysis using five immune oncology multiplex immunofluorescence panels for paraffin tumor tissue
Authors: Parra Edwin Roger , Ferrufino-Schmidt Maria C. , Tamegnon Auriole , Zhang Jiexin , Solis Luisa , Jiang Mei , Ibarguen Heladio , Haymaker Cara , Lee J. Jack , Bernatchez Chantale , Wistuba Ignacio Ivan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMultiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) has arisen as an important tool for immuno-profiling tumor tissues. We updated our manual protocol into an automated protocol that allows the use of up to seven markers in five mIF panels to apply to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. Using a tyramide signal amplification system, we optimized five mIF panels that included cytokeratin to characterize malignant cells (MCs), immune checkpoint markers (i.e., PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4, IDO-1, VISTA, LAG3, ICOS, TIM3, and OX40), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytic markers (i.e., CD3, CD8, CD45RO, granzyme B, PD-1, and FOXP3), and markers to characterize myeloid-derived suppressor cells (i.e., CD68, CD66b, CD14, CD33, Arg-1, and CD11b). To determine analytical reproducibility and the impact of those panels for immuno-profiling tumor tissues, we performed an exploratory analysis in a set of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples. The slides were scanned, and the different cell phenotypes were quantified by simultaneous co-localizations with the markers using image analysis software. Comparison between the time points of staining showed high analytical reproducibility. The analysis of NSCLC cases showed an immunosuppressive microenvironment with PD-L1/PD-1 expression as a predominant axis. Interestingly, high density of MCs expressing B7-H4 was correlated with recurrence. Unexpectedly, MCs expressing OX40 were also detected, and those cells were a closer distance to CD3+T-cells than were MCs expressing other immune checkpoints. Two different cellular patterns of spatial distribution were determined according the CD3 distribution, and the predominant pattern was related with active immunosuppressive interaction with MCs. Our study shows that these five mIF panels can identify multiple targets in a single cell with high reproducibility. The study of different cell populations and their spatial relationship can open new ideas for therapeutic approaches.
Kinetic modelling of Pt/γ-Al2O3–Cl catalysts formulation changes in n-heptane reforming
Authors: Said-Aizpuru Olivier , Allain Florent , Dandeu Aurélie , Diehl Fabrice , Farrusseng David , Joly Jean-François 
Published: April 2021

A common n-heptane reforming lumped kinetic model based on linear free energy relationships was developed on experimental data acquired over 19 Pt/γ-Al2O3–Cl catalysts presenting different formulations and support crystallite morphologies.
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and collapse of a twisted magnetic null point with anisotropic viscosity
Authors: Quinn James , MacTaggart David , Simitev Radostin D. 
Published: April 2021

Context. Magnetic null points are associated with high-energy coronal phenomena such as solar flares and are often sites of reconnection and particle acceleration. Dynamic twisting of a magnetic null point can generate a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) within its fan plane and can instigate spine-fan reconnection and an associated collapse of the null point under continued twisting.
Aims. This article aims to compare the effects of isotropic and anisotropic viscosity in simulations of the KHI and collapse in a dynamically twisted magnetic null point.
Methods. We performed simulations using the 3D magnetohydrodynamics code Lare3d with a custom anisotropic viscosity module. A pair of high-resolution simulations were performed, one using isotropic viscosity and another using anisotropic viscosity, keeping all other factors identical. We analysed the results in detail. A further parameter study was performed over a range of values for viscosity and resistivity.
Results. Both viscosity models permit the growth of the KHI and the eventual collapse of the null point. Over all studied parameters, anisotropic viscosity allows a faster growing instability, while isotropic viscosity damps the instability to the extent of stabilisation in some cases. Although the viscous heating associated with anisotropic viscosity is generally smaller, the ohmic heating dominates and is enhanced by the current sheets generated by the instability. This leads to a greater overall heating rate when using anisotropic viscosity. The collapse of the null point occurs significantly sooner when anisotropic viscosity is employed.
Pigmentdispersionssyndrom
Authors: Nobl Matthias , Mackert Marc 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Pigmentdispersionssyndrom ist eine Erkrankung, die durch Abschilferung von
Pigment aus dem Irispigmentepithel und dessen Ablagerung im vorderen
Augenabschnitt charakterisiert ist. Typisch ist eine Trias aus Ablagerungen am
Hornhautendothel, zirkulären Iristransilluminationen und einer Pigmentierung des
Trabekelwerks. Das Spektrum reicht vom einfachen Pigmentdispersionssyndrom bis
zum Pigmentdispersionsglaukom mit Optikusatrophie.
Peripartum Covid-19 Pneumonia with Severe ARDS – A Case Report
Authors: Maier Josefine Theresia , Zickler Daniel , Metz Melanie , Jebens Anja , Jarchau Ute , Fischer Julia , Kimmel Viktor , Prueter Eric , Hellmeyer Lars 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that was first isolated in Wuhan, China, and resulted in a rapidly spreading pandemic worldwide. Currently there is only limited evidence on the effect of COVID-19 on pregnant women.
Case Here we present one of the first serious COVID-19 cases in pregnancy at term with subsequent delivery. Postpartum the mother required antibiotic and symptomatic treatment. She experienced acute worsening of symptoms and developed acute respiratory failure requiring endotracheal intubation and subsequently extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Conclusion COVID-19 affects all medical disciplines, requiring interdisciplinary approaches and development of patient care regimes. Obstetricians should be aware and be prepared for the special needs of pregnant women with potential prenatal and postnatal issues. Ideally pregnant COVID-19 patients should be cared for at a tertiary perinatal center with experienced perinatologists and neonatologists.
How Safe and Time Consuming is the Surgical Training of Young Orthopaedic Surgeons? A Retrospective Analysis of Proximal Femur Fractures
Authors: Schütze Konrad , Pankratz Carlos , Eickhoff Alexander , Gebhard Florian , Richter Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Fractures of the proximal femur in the elderly population are rising. Teaching the appropriate surgical treatment of these fractures is of paramount importance. The aim of the study was to evaluate differences in outcome of surgical procedures between supervised trainees and senior surgeons.
Objective Are there more surgical complications, poorer quality or an increased operating time if the procedure (in this case: fixation of proximal femur fractures) is performed by trainees under supervision in comparison to experienced surgeons.
Material and Methods All patients treated with the proximal femur nail antirotation (PFNA) between 2015 and 2016 at a level one trauma centre were included in this study. The retrospective review of the 299 patients compared supervised surgical trainees and senior surgeons. Parameters included operating time, tip apex distance, position of the blade, Hb-difference, transfusion rate, surgical complications as well as mortality, and were compared between the groups.
Results 153 of 299 procedures were performed by supervised surgical trainees. In comparison to senior surgeons, there was no significant difference in operating time (WA 54.48 min; OA 60.47 min; p > 0,05), Hb-difference (WA 2.8 g/dl; OA 2.6 g/dl; p > 0.05), tip-apex distance (WA 21.2 mm; OA 20.5 mm, p = 0.37) or rate of surgical complications. There was no difference in the rate of optimal blade positions between the groups (WA 87.5%; OA 89.0%; p = 0.366). Furthermore, mortality showed no difference between the groups, but was greater in older patients or high ASA grade.
Conclusion Supervised surgical training during treatment of proximal femur fractures shows no increase in operating time, complications or mortality and no difference in quality. With the fast growth of the elderly population, surgical training of fragility fractures should receive more attention in the future.
Anterior Locking Plate Osteosynthesis of Patellar Factures – Analysis of Complications and Functional Outcome
Authors: Tengler Maxi Benita , Lill Helmut , Wente Maike , Ellwein Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Tension band wiring is the standard procedure for patellar fractures, but is associated with a high rate of implant related complications and implant failure. Tension band wiring may fail, especially with multifragmentary and comminuted fractures. Plate fixation of complex patellar fractures seems to be superior to wiring, both clinically and biomechanically. The aim of this study was to evaluate complications after locking plate fixation in patellar fractures two years after surgery and to access the functional outcome.
Material and Methods As part of a prospective case series, all patients who had received locking plate fixation of a patellar fracture between April 2013 and May 2018 were clinically examined two years postoperatively and potential complications were evaluated.
Results A total of 38 patients aged 19 – 87 years were included. Complications occurred in a total of five patients (13%), including one reactive prepatellar bursitis, one chronic infection and loss of reduction due to a dislocated pole fragment in three cases. The average active range of motion of the affected knee joint two years postoperatively was 133°. The Tegner activity scale score reached 3 points, the Lysholm score 95 points and the Kujala score 95 points.
Conclusion With an overall relatively low complication rate and good clinical outcome, dislocated distal pole fragments are a common complication after plate fixation of patellar fractures. If preoperative diagnostic testing shows a pole fragment, a modified hook-plate can be used, with the possibility of fixing the pole fragment.
Therapieoptionen der weiblichen Belastungsharninkontinenz
Authors: Kaufmann Albert 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Belastungsharninkontinenz der Frau ist gekennzeichnet durch Urinverluste bei körperlicher Belastung ohne damit einhergehenden Harndrang. Die Ursachen sind mannigfaltig und bedürfen einer guten Kenntnis der Beckenbodenstrukturen und Funktionalität des Verschlussapparates der Harnblase. Vor einer Therapie muss differenzierte Diagnostik die Ursachen aufdecken, um den betroffenen Frauen die idealen therapeutischen Optionen aufzeigen zu können. Neben konservativen Therapiestrategien stehen heute mehrere operative Alternativen zur Verfügung, die je nach funktionellem und/oder anatomischen Defizit zur Anwendung kommen können. Die Ergebnisse der operativen Korrekturen sind gut, auch wenn eine geringe Rate an möglichen Komplikationen in Kauf genommen werden muss.
Remote C–H Functionalizations by Ruthenium Catalysis
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Korvorapun Korkit , Samanta Ramesh C. , Rogge Torben 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSynthetic transformations of otherwise inert C–H bonds have emerged as a powerful tool for molecular modifications during the last decades, with broad applications towards pharmaceuticals, material sciences, and crop protection. Consistently, a key challenge in C–H activation chemistry is the full control of site-selectivity. In addition to substrate control through steric hindrance or kinetic acidity of C–H bonds, one important approach for the site-selective C–H transformation of arenes is the use of chelation-assistance through directing groups, therefore leading to proximity-induced ortho-C–H metalation. In contrast, more challenging remote C–H activations at the meta- or para-positions continue to be scarce. Within this review, we demonstrate the distinct character of ruthenium catalysis for remote C–H activations until March 2021, highlighting among others late-stage modifications of bio-relevant molecules. Moreover, we discuss important mechanistic insights by experiments and computation, illustrating the key importance of carboxylate-assisted C–H activation with ruthenium(II) complexes.1	Introduction2	Stoichiometric Remote C–H Functionalizations3	meta-C–H Functionalizations4	para-C–H Functionalizations5	meta-/ortho-C–H Difunctionalizations6	Conclusions
Reconstruction of Carbon Bond Frameworks via Oxapalladacycles Promoted by the Synergistic Effect of Palladium Catalyst and Triethylborane
Authors: Kimura Masanari , Ninokata Ryo , Korogi Riho , Nakao Junya , Fukuda Tsutomu , Onodera Gen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPd-catalyzed β-carbon elimination of 3-hydroxy-4-pent­enoic acid derivatives promoted by triethylborane proceeds to form conjugated dienes via a decarboxylation process. The formed conjugated dienes undergo the Prins reaction with aldehydes in situ to afford conjugated homoallylic alcohols. These sequential transformations enable the conversion of diastereomeric mixtures of 3-hydroxy-4-pentenoic acids, which are readily prepared from the simple crossed aldol reaction of esters and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, into 3,5-hexadienyl alcohols with high regio- and stereoselectivities in a single manipulation.
Recent Advances in the Tandem Difunctionalization of Alkynes: Mechanism-Based Classification
Authors: Deng Danfeng , Huang Dayun , Sun Xiangyu , Gao Biwen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent advances on the tandem difunctionalization of alkynes in the last decade (2010–2020) are summarized into five categories based on the type of mechanism: (1) radical addition and coupling for the synthesis of polysubstituted ketones and alkenes, (2) electrophilic addition of alkynes, (3) reactions mediated by haloalkynes or copper acetylides, (4) the preparation of cyclic compounds via radical processes, palladium-catalyzed reactions or conjugate additions, and (5) cyclic compounds as intermediates in ring openings. Herein, radical, electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions are discussed in detail. We hope this review will help to promote future research in this area. 1	Introduction2	Radical Addition and Coupling3	Electrophilic Addition4	Reactions Mediated by Haloalkynes or Copper Acetylides5	Cyclization6	Cyclization and Ring Opening7	Conclusions