bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure Analysis of Total-Dose Radiation-Induced Degradation on FinFET Logic ICs
Authors: Liao Joy Y. , Rahimi Somayyeh , Schmidt Christian , Marks Howard Lee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
X-ray imaging for both Failure Analysis and In-line Inspection has been utilized widely in the semiconductor industry, especially for surface mount device applications. During the investigation of total ionizing dose (TID) induced degradation of logic ICs with bulk FinFET technology, we observed that the degradation is mainly in the form of an increase in I/O leakage and IDDQ. Using filters during radiation was shown to impact TID. Failure Analysis was performed to localize the excessive current in both I/O leakage and IDDQ.
Fault Isolation using Layout Pattern Analysis
Authors: Chittora Atul , Bawaskar Neerja , Malik Shobhit , Babu Monisa R , Batarseh Fadi , Bakshi Janam , Pacifico Davide , Song Shenghua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many fabless customers do not share the design information such as LEF/DEF (Library Exchange Format and Design Exchange Format), design netlist, and test program information with foundries because they contain proprietary IP. Determining the root-cause of defects on such products only based on Sort test results and no scan diagnostics [1] for logic chips can be quite challenging. This paper presents a new layout pattern analysis methodology to isolate the failing weak layout structure using only the sort test results and the product GDS layout.
Cross Sectional Passive Voltage Contrast Approach for Gate Oxide Breakdown Defect Isolation and Visualization for TEM Analysis
Authors: Ting S.L. , Tan P.K. , Pan Y.L. , Thoungh H.H.W. , Thum S.Y. , Rivai F. , Ng P.T. , Moon S.J. , Nagalingam D. , Yu T.T. , Neo S.P. , Chen C.Q. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gate oxide breakdown has always been a critical reliability issue in Complementary Metal-Oxide-Silicon (CMOS) devices. Pinhole analysis is one of the commonly use failure analysis (FA) technique to analysis Gate oxide breakdown issue. However, in order to have a better understanding of the root cause and mechanism, a defect physically without any damaged or chemical attacked is required by the customer and process/module departments. In other words, it is crucial to have Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis at the exact Gate oxide breakdown point. This is because TEM analysis provides details of physical evidence and insights to the root cause of the gate oxide failures. It is challenging to locate the site for TEM analysis in cases when poly gate layout is of a complex structure rather than a single line. In this paper, we developed and demonstrated the use of cross-sectional Scanning Electron Microscope (XSEM) passive voltage contrast (PVC) to isolate the defective leaky Polysilicon (PC) Gate and subsequently prepared TEM lamella in a perpendicular direction from the post-XSEM PVC sample. This technique provides an alternative approach to identify defective leaky polysilicon Gate for subsequent TEM analysis.
Psychological and Pedagogic Characteristic of Older Preschool Children
Authors: Polynskaia Irina Nikolaevna 
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of the development of older preschool children. The main periods and factors influencing the formation of the child's personality are described. These include the main activities of a preschooler – play, work, creative work, educational activities. Such concepts as speech, folklore, literature, music, visual activity, theatrical events that influence the development and formation of stable psychological characteristics of a child's personality are substantiated.
Validity of the MemTrax Memory Test Compared to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease in a Chinese Cohort
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Chen Xinjie , Zhou Xianbo , Shang Yajun , Xu Fan , Zhang Junyan , He Jingfang , Zhao Feng , Du Bo , Wang Xuan , Zhang Qi , Zhang Weishan , Bergeron Michael F. , Ding Tao , Ashford J. Wesson , Zhong Lianmei 
Published: February 2021

Background: A valid, reliable, accessible, engaging, and affordable digital cognitive screen instrument for clinical use is in urgent demand. Objective: To assess the clinical utility of the MemTrax memory test for early detection of cognitive impairment in a Chinese cohort. Methods: The 2.5-minute MemTrax and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were performed by 50 clinically diagnosed cognitively normal (CON), 50 mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD), and 50 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) volunteer participants. The percentage of correct responses (MTx-% C), the mean response time (MTx-RT), and the composite scores (MTx-Cp) of MemTrax and the MoCA scores were comparatively analyzed and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated. Results: Multivariate linear regression analyses indicated MTx-% C, MTx-Cp, and the MoCA score were significantly lower in MCI-AD versus CON and in AD versus MCI-AD groups (all with p≤0.001). For the differentiation of MCI-AD from CON, an optimized MTx-% C cutoff of 81% had 72% sensitivity and 84% specificity with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.839, whereas the MoCA score of 23 had 54% sensitivity and 86% specificity with an AUC of 0.740. For the differentiation of AD from MCI-AD, MTx-Cp of 43.0 had 70% sensitivity and 82% specificity with an AUC of 0.799, whereas the MoCA score of 20 had 84% sensitivity and 62% specificity with an AUC of 0.767. Conclusion: MemTrax can effectively detect both clinically diagnosed MCI and AD with better accuracy as compared to the MoCA based on AUCs in a Chinese cohort.
Occupational health risk assessment at healthcare institutions: Developing a semi-quantitative risk method
Authors: Chalak Mohammad Hossein , Bahramiazar Ghasem , Rasaee Javad , Fahimi Reza , Anbardan Asghar Noran , Jafari Hossein , Nasab Fatemeh Ramroudi 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Environmental hazards in healthcare institutions affect the quality of patient care as well as personnel and patient safety. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and apply a semi-quantitative risk assessment method to calculate occupational health risk levels with regard to the sensitivities of healthcare institutions. METHODS: The present research was conducted in three phases. In phases 1 and 2, the model was developed using a review of different risk assessment methods, extracting expert opinions (N = 10) through semi-structured interviews, and using the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). In phase 3, in order to validate the proposed method, one of the five public hospitals was randomly selected and a case study comprising 6 sections was performed. RESULTS: A total of 43 health risks were identified and evaluated using the present method, 41.86% of which were at very high levels, 16.27% at high levels, 30.23% at substantial ones, 9.3% at medium and 2.32% at low levels. The highest health risks were found in paraclinical and operating room wards. CONCLUSION: To overcome the shortcomings of the proposed health risk assessment methods, a semi-quantitative method was used in the present study to more accurately calculate the risk levels in the healthcare institutions and also calculate the risk level of each hospital unit. The proposed semi-quantitative method can be used as a tool for assessing occupational health risks as a key element of risk management. In addition, by focusing on an appropriate framework for occupational health risk assessment, specialists in the organization will be able to take significant and effective steps to implement an efficient risk management system.
Development of vibration system for decreasing of intensity of steel ladle outlet channel tightening
Authors: Eron’ko S. P. , Ponamareva E. A. , Tsykhmistro E. S. 
Published: February 2021

The problem of tightening of outlet channel of steel ladle still remains relevant at present. A review of scientific and technical studies, aimed at elaboration of methods to keep the channel flow section constant presented. An analysis of deposition forming mechanisms on walls of outlet channel of steel ladle was done. To prevent their formation it was proposed to apply a vibration impact on the ladle shutter. Using simulation studies and specially elaborated methodology, the degree of influence and frequency of amplitude oscillations, acting along the ladle channel, on increasing speed of layer thickness formation on its walls and number of tearing off hard particles was established. To evaluate intensity of elastic waves absorption by the refractories of ladle shutter during vibration impact on it, a natural experiment was done. As a result of the experiment an initial information was obtained for determining parameters of oscillation process to guarantee effective functioning of the proposed casting facility. A necessity was established to account tenfold decrease of vibration acceleration during propagation of elastic wave along the casting channel from the lower end of collector nuzzle to the upper end of the ladle casting nozzle. Results of the complex studies became base of technical solution at elaboration of design of the ladle shutter. The elaborated shutter is equipped by a system of exciting vertically-directed oscillations, promoting decreasing intensity of hard particles sticking on the walls of the outlet channel. The design of the perfected ladle shutter and general view of its test model shown, which is equipped with the vertically-directed oscillations exciting system. Depending on capacity of the steel ladles, which can be from 100 to 300 t, their shutters can be equipped with one or several pneumatic plunger vibrators. Each of the plunger having the mass of 0.8 kg, can develop an impact force up to 300 N when supplying into its working cavity compressed air of 0.2 MPa pressure at flow rate 150 l/min. Industrial tests of the modernized shutter in a foundry shop of Yasinovatsky machine-building plant were done.
Perfection of technology and equipment for heating of steel ladles lining at horizontal stands
Authors: Spirin V. A. , Nikol’skii V. E. , Vokhmintsev D. V. , Moiseev A. A. , Smirnov P. G. , Platashov A. G. 
Published: February 2021

To change or repair sliding gates, steel ladles are installed in horizontal position, in which they are heated to keep a working temperature of lining. Peculiarities of a steel ladle heating in horizontal position considered. Description of the lining heating process presented, necessity of elaboration a method of its numeral simulation justified. The method should enable to make studies of influence of various methods of burner location on the ladle cover and torch parameters on efficiency of heating for a particular ladle and time available for the heating. A method of mathematical simulation of heat- and mass-exchange processes of lining heating in nonstationary conditions described. Based on examples of various variants of torch power calculation, dynamics of a ladle walls heating was shown. Results of calculation of temperature distribution over a ladle lining presented, as well as the map of gases flow in the ladle volume for various parameters of torch and heating process stages. Taking into consideration, that calculation costs related to simulation of nonstationary ladle heating are very high, a simplified one-dimensional model of calculation of lining heating process was elaborated. In the model correction factors are used, obtained as a result of numeral simulation. The model enables to make calculations in real time conditions and to use them for control at a practical steel ladle heating in horizontal position at a modern automized heating facility.
PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMASARAN ONLINE DENGAN APLIKASI GOJEK FITUR GOFOOD TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN USAHA KULINER DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Widyayanti Evi Rosalina , Insiatiningsih Insiatiningsih 
Published: February 2021

UMKM di Indonesia memberikan sumbangan pendapatan nasional yang cukup signifikan dan semakin terus berkembang seiring dengan pertumbuhan teknologi online. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa market dari pemasaran melalui online akan semakin besar dan bahkan seamakin menjadi kebutuhan. Dalam penelitian ini diambil 100 sampel dengan menyebarkan kuisionar. Metode yang digunakan untuk adalah metode non probability sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dan analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Variabel yang digunakan adalah 6 variabel independent yaitu Pemasaran Hubungan, Saluran komunikasi, Rantai pasokan, Persaingan, Lingkungan Pemasaran dan Bauran pemasaran, dan 1 variabel dependent yaitu Peningkatan Pendapatan Usaha. Dari hasil analisa penelitian di peroleh kesimpulan bahwa Pemasaran Hubungan (X1) t=5,787 memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap Peningkatan pendapatan Usaha karena t hitung > dari t tabel. Saluran Komunikasi (X2) t=0,007 berpengaruh sedikit tidak signifikan terhadap Peningkatan pendapatan Usaha karena t hitung < t tabel namun tetap positif. Rantai Pasokan, (X3) t=3.301 memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan pendapatan usaha karena t hitung > dari t tabel. Persaingan (X4) t=9,211 memberikan pengaruh signifikan pada Peningkatan Pendapatan Usaha karena t hitung > t tabel. Lingkungan Pemasaran (X5) t=-1,143 memberikan pengaruh tidak signifikan pada Peningkatan Pendapatan Usaha karena t hitung < dari t tabel. Bauran Pemasaran (X6) t=0,394 memberikan pengaruh sedikit tidak signifikan pada Peningkatan Pendapatan Usaha karena t hitung < dari t tabel namun tetap positif. F Hitung yang dihasilkan lebih besar dari pada F tabel (F hitung > F tabel) sebesar 522,566 dan F tabel sebesar 3,72 dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa; H0 = 0 Ha â‰ 0 dan Ha diterima karena terdapat hubungan saling memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan antara variable independent terhadap variable dependent yaitu Peningkatan Pendapatan Usaha (Y).
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep-wake schedule and associated lifestyle related behavior: A national survey
Authors: Ahmed Saleh , Zainab Asmar , Saroya Ammara 
Published: February 2021

During the lockdown people were confined at home to obviate further transmission of coronavirus in the community under the strict social restrictions that induced disturbance in circadian driven sleep-wake cycle and imposed the adverse effects on associated lifestyle behavior. This study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey conducted in Pakistan. The survey was conducted from March 13 to 20 March 2020 by circulating the questionnaire form on face-book and G-mail. Form consist on 15 questions related to sleep, meal (first meal, lunch, and dinner time) and screen time (digital media, TV watching time before and during lockdown) which took hardly 5 to 10 minute to complete. Questions related to a sleep disorder, psychiatric diagnosis, drugs' effect on the sleep-wake pattern, and pregnant women are omitted from the study. Total 1144 participants having an age greater than 18 years were assessed through different parameters before and during the lockdown. Survey results indicated that sleep-wake time, three meals time was significantly impede during lockdown which was prominently observed in young people of the age group 19-26 followed by age group of 26-32. The use of digital media was increased in all age groups but more pronounced in males. During the lockdown, first meal and second mealtime are earlier in males as compared to females while dinner time is later in males compared to females before lockdown and same dinner time for both males and females was reported during the lockdown. Findings of this study concluded that complete lockdown generated a discord condition with social and natural cues had raised social jetlag with impeded sleep-wake, mealtime, and excess exposure to screen amid the population. All these variables' effects show differentiation based on gender and age of people. Long and last these findings may aid the people to prepare better for tackling sleep health and related behavior issues during further events (as current covid-19) in future
Keywords: covid-19 lockdown, sleep onset time, wake-up time, meal timings, digital media exposure.
TUNING DARI PENGENDALI SUHU PADA OUTLET FURNACE-3 DI PPSDM MIGAS, CEPU
Authors: Azizah Nofiatul , Munawaroh Siti Iffah , Mufid Mufid , Suhadno Afdal , Subur Muh. 
Published: February 2021

Furnace-3 di PPSDM Migas Cepu berfungsi untuk memanaskan crude oil sebelum masuk ke evaporator. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena tidak pernah dilakukan tuning terhadap pengendali suhu pada outlet furnace. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan nilai parameter baru (Kp, τI dan τD untuk Temperature Indicator Controller dan Kp dan τI untuk Pressure Indicator Controller) dengan menggunakan berbagai metode diantaranya metode Ziegler-Nichols, Chien-Servo, dan Astrom and Hagglund-Regulator serta menentukan hasil analisis terbaik diantara metode tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis pengendali suhu pada outlet Furnace-3 di PPSDM Migas Cepu dan tuning menggunakan berbagai metode yang disimulasikan dengan Simulink matlab. Nilai parameter baru (Kp, τI dan τD) Temperature Indicator Controller dari metode Ziegler-Nichols adalah 924, 10 dan 2.5, dari metode Chien-Servo adalah 462, 77 dan 2.5, dan dari metode Astrom and Hagglund-Regulator adalah 723.8, 10 dan 2.5. Nilai parameter baru (Kp dan τI) Pressure Indicator Controller dari metode Ziegler-Nichols adalah 54 dan 16.65, dari metode Chien-Servo adalah 21 dan 3.51, dan dari metode Astrom and Hagglund-Regulator 42 dan 11.5. Nilai parameter baru pressure indicator controller yang paling optimal adalah parameter dari metode Chien-Servo, sedangkan nilai parameter baru (Kp, τI dan τD) temperature indicator controller yang paling optimal adalah 75, 0.85 dan 2.8.
PEMANFAATAN FLY ASH SEBAGAI MATERIAL ADSORBEN UNTUK MENURUNKAN KANDUNGAN LOGAM FE PADA LIMBAH CAIR DI UNIT WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT PT POMI
Authors: Wardani Avielia Putri , Maulidz Safirda Dwi , Takwanto Anang , Yulianto Erwan 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan abu terbang batubara teraktivasi dan antrasit sebagai adsorben ion logam berat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi NaOH, suhu aktivasi fisika dan interaksi antara NaOH dengan suhu aktivasi fisika terhadap penurunan kandungan logam Fe pada limbah cair di PT POMI, serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis adsorben terhadap penurunan kandungan logam Fe pada limbah cair PT POMI. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan mengaktivasi abu terbang, dengan 2 metode, yang pertama metode kimia dalam suasana basa menggunakan kosentrasi NaOH 1 M, kosentrasi NaOH 2 M, kosentrasi NaOH 3 M dan yang kedua metode fisika menggunakan variabel suhu 100°C, 120°C, 140°C dan 160°C selama 1 jam. Abu terbang yang telah diaktivasi dan antrasit (tanpa aktivasi) kemudian digunakan sebagai adsorben limbah cair PT POMI. Hasil adsorpsi diuji dengan AAS untuk mengetahui penurunan kandungan logamnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan kandungan logam Fe paling baik sebesar 4,459 ppm pada penggunaan larutan NaOH 3 M dengan suhu 160°C dari konsentrasi awal sebelum adsorpsi sebesar 4,46 ppm menjadi 0,001 ppm. Sedangkan hasil adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben antrasit penurunan kandungan logam Fe pada limbah cair sebesar 2,31 ppm dengan persentase penurunan sebesar 51,84%. Hal tersebut telah memenuhi standar syarat kandungan logam yang ada di PT POMI yaitu maksimal 3 ppm.
A Novel Molecular Method for Simultaneous Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus 57 K-Serogroups Using Probe Melting Curve Analysis
Authors: Lu Linying , Li Minxu , Li Yinghui , Jiang Min , Jiang Yixiang , Shi Xiaolu , Zuo Le , Wang Lei , Bian Shengzhe , Qiu Yaqun , Cai Rui , Liao Yiqun , Li Qingge , Li Liqiang , Hu Qinghua 
Published: February 2021

The serotyping of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which is crucial to the surveillance and detection of outbreaks of vibriosis infection, has been widely used in many countries. In this study, we developed a molecular assay, named multiplex ligation reaction based on probe melting curve analysis (MLMA), for simultaneous identification of V. parahaemolyticus 57 K-serogroups. Based on the previous genomes of 418 strains including 39 K-serogroups and the 18 K-serogroups sequences from public databases, we obtained 57 K-serogroups specific gene sequences for designing primers and probes. The developed MLMA assay for identifying the V. parahaemolyticus 57 K-serogroups showed high reproducibility, with the intra- and inter-assay standard deviations and coefficients of variation of no more than 1°C and 1%, respectively. The limit of detection for all gene targets ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 ng/µl. We validated the MLMA assay with a double-blind test identifying 595 V. parahaemolyticus isolates using conventional serotyping methods for comparison. The results showed the kappa value between the MLMA assay and the traditional serological method was 0.936 and that there was a 96.97% consistency rate with conventional serotyping methods for all detected isolates. Additionally, five rare K-serogroups were identified using the MLMA assay, as well as 18 strains that could not be identified using the traditional serotyping method. Thus, the MLMA assay provides a rapid, robust, and promising tool for the molecular serotyping of V. parahaemolyticus K-serogroups and has the potential application to the detection of outbreaks and surveillance of V. parahaemolyticus infection.
Dynamic Alterations of Oral Microbiota Related to Halitosis in Preschool Children
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhu Ce , Cao Guizhi , Zhan Jingyu , Feng Xiping , Chen Xi 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis longitudinal study was aimed to evaluate the dynamic shift in oral microbiota during the process of halitosis progression among preschool children.MethodsThe oral examinations, questionnaires and tongue coating specimens were collected at the baseline and 12-month follow-up. All children were oral healthy at the enrollment. At the 12-month follow-up, children who developed halitosis were included to the halitosis group (n = 10). While children who matched the age, gender, kindergarten and without halitosis were included to the control group (n = 10). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to reveal the shift of the tongue coating microbiome in these children during the 12- month period with the Human Oral Microbiome Database.ResultsA remarkable shift in relative abundance of specific bacteria was observed prior to halitosis development. The principal coordinates and alpha diversity analyses revealed different shifting patterns of halitosis and the healthy participants’ microbiome structures and bacterial diversity over the 12-month follow-up. Both groups showed variable microbiota community structures before the onset of halitosis. Halitosis-enriched species Prevotella melaninogenica, Actinomyces sp._HMT_180 and Saccharibacteria TM7_G-1_bacterium_HMT_352 were finally selected as biomarkers in the halitosis-onset prediction model after screening, with a prediction accuracy of 91.7%.ConclusionsThe microbiome composition and relative abundance of the tongue coatings in the halitosis and control groups remarkably differed, even prior to the onset of the clinical manifestations of halitosis. The halitosis prediction model constructed on the basis of tongue coating microbiome biomarkers indicated the microbial shifts before the halitosis onset. Therefore, this can be considered for the timely detection and intervention of halitosis in children.