bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein induces neurodegeneration via affecting Golgi-mitochondria interaction
Authors: Wang Fang , Han Hailong , Wang Caifang , Wang Jingfei , Peng Yanni , Chen Ye , He Yaohui , Deng Zhouyang , Li Fang , Rong Yikang , Wang Danling , Liu Wen , Chen Hualan , Zhang Zhuohua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Neurological complications are a significant concern of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the pathogenic mechanism of neurological symptoms associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is poorly understood.

Methods
We used Drosophila as a model to systematically analyze SARS-CoV-2 genes encoding structural and accessory proteins and identified the membrane protein (M) that disrupted mitochondrial functions in vivo. The M protein was stereotaxically injected to further assess its effects in the brains of wild-type (WT) and 5 × FAD mice. Omics technologies, including RNA sequencing and interactome analysis, were performed to explore the mechanisms of the effects of M protein both in vitro and in vivo.

Results
Systematic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 structural and accessory proteins in Drosophila identified that the M protein induces mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction, leading to reduced ATP production, ROS overproduction, and eventually cell death in the indirect flight muscles. In WT mice, M caused hippocampal atrophy, neural apoptosis, glial activation, and mitochondrial damage. These changes were further aggravated in 5 × FAD mice. M was localized to the Golgi apparatus and genetically interacted with four wheel drive (FWD, a Drosophila homolog of mammalian PI4KIIIβ) to regulate Golgi functions in flies. Fwd RNAi, but not PI4KIIIα RNAi, reversed the M-induced Golgi abnormality, mitochondrial fragmentation, and ATP reduction. Inhibition of PI4KIIIβ activity suppressed the M-induced neuronal cell death. Therefore, M induced mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis likely through disruption of Golgi-derived PI(4)P-containing vesicles.

Conclusions
M disturbs the distribution and function of Golgi, leading to mitochondrial abnormality and eventually neurodegeneration via a PI4KIIIβ-mediated mechanism. This study reveals a potential mechanism for COVID-19 neurological symptoms and opens a new avenue for development of therapeutic strategies targeting SARS-CoV-2 M or mitochondria.
Assessing ambulance staff attitudes toward mental health conditions: translation and psychometric evaluation of the medical condition regard scale among ambulance staff
Authors: Häikiö Kristin , Christiansen Carl Robert , Kveen Rune , Flaathen Eva Marie Engebakken , Hagen Milada 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Ambulance staff play a crucial role in responding to mental health crises. However, negative regard toward patients with mental health conditions can hinder care. The Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS) assesses regards or attitudes but has not previously been validated for educated ambulance staff and has never been translated into Norwegian. This study aims to translate the instrument into Norwegian, test it on a population of ambulance staff, explore the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version, and measure regard for patients with psychosis.

Method
The MCRS is an 11-item instrument with a Likert scale of 1–6. Possible sum scores range from 11 to 66 (higher score = more positive regards). We chose “psychosis” as the condition to investigate. Translation followed eight steps: (1) preparation, (2) forward translation, (3) backward translation, (4) first expert panel review, (5) harmonisation, (6) cognitive debriefing, (7) second expert panel review, and (8) writing of the final version. The instrument was tested and re-tested regarding the condition “psychosis” on a representative sample of 114 Norwegian ambulance staff in 2023, with a temporal gap of one month. We explored item scores and distribution, as well as floor and ceiling effects. We tested the internal consistency of the items using Cronbach’s Alpha and consistency in answers over time (test and re-test) using the Paired Sample-T test. We used factor analyses to explore the inter-item relationships of the items.

Results
The 114 participants had a mean sum score of 47, which is mid-range. The scale has a ceiling effect on five items, which was not described in detail earlier. Two items regarding the monetary spending on patients with the given condition had the largest ceiling effects. However, the Norwegian translation showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.82) and is reliable over time. Test and re-test showed no significant differences in the scale’s total score (Paired sample T-test, p > 0.05). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicate that the scale should be used as a one-dimensional instrument in a Norwegian setting in ambulance staff populations.

Conclusion
The Norwegian translation of the MCRS is a reliable instrument for ambulance staff measuring medical condition regards. However, the ceiling effect limits the ability to discern differences among high-scoring individuals. Ambulance staff’s regard for patients with psychosis is medium positive (mid-range level), but slightly more positive than what is reported in the international literature regarding patients with mental health issues.
Automated hypocenter determination of tectonic tremors in the Nankai subduction zone using convolutional neural networks combined with semblance analysis
Authors: Sugii Amane , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Uchide Takahiko , Imanishi Kazutoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent advances in deep learning have enhanced our ability to analyze seismic waveforms. Here, we developed and evaluated a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify tectonic tremors, earthquakes, and noise in seismic waveform data recorded by a seismic array in the Nankai subduction zone. The trained CNN model achieved high accuracy, with both precision and recall exceeding 97%, and correctly detected 96% of distant earthquakes. The probability of tectonic tremor as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increased steeply from 10 to 90% at an SNR of 4. We highlighted tectonic tremor waveforms using the integrated gradients (IG) method for interpreting CNN models. IG filter averaging over the stations of an array outperforms bandpass filters and other interpretation methods for CNN models in locating tectonic tremors by semblance analysis, providing the largest number of tectonic tremor sources. As reported previously, located sources of tectonic tremor during episodic tremor and slip events migrate along the strike of the subducting plate. The source location error increases significantly at epicentral distances greater than 30 km because of low SNRs. The technique developed in this study equips CNN models with a high ability to distinguish tectonic tremors and earthquakes from noise and to locate tectonic tremors with sources that are not far from seismic stations.
Graphical abstract
Condylar position changes and prognosis in patients with unilateral mandibular condylar fracture treated non-surgically
Authors: Lim Jihye , Jo Woomin , Jeon Hyelynn , Song Seung Il , Lee Jeong Keun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-surgical method is a treatment option for mandibular condylar fracture; however, it is questionable whether bone fragments are adequately reduced and remodeled. The purpose of this study was to identify three-dimensional positional changes in the mandibular condyles in patients treated non-surgically, analyze factors influencing the extent of positional changes, and evaluate clinical prognosis.

Methods
This retrospective study included 31 patients with unilateral mandibular condylar fractures treated non-surgically at the Ajou University Dental Hospital between 2005 and 2023. Computed tomography was performed at the time of the fracture (T0) and > 6 months after non-surgical treatment (T1). The extent of recovery of the highest point of the condyle head was measured in three-dimensional x-, y-, and z-axes. At the last follow-up > 6 months after remodeling (T1), the prognosis was evaluated by clinical examination of mouth opening limitation, malocclusion, deviation on opening, temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), and facial asymmetry.

Results
Position differences were statistically significant between T0 and T1 (paired Student’s t-test, P < 0.05), and between the x-, y-, and z-axes (Welch’s ANOVA, P < 0.05). The degree of positional recovery in the superior and lateral directions showed a statistically significant negative correlation with age (Pearson’s correlation analysis, P < 0.05). The average amount of recovery between two age groups of over and under 19 years old was statistically significant (independent t-test, P < 0.05). Complications included TMD (6.4%), malocclusion (3.2%) and facial asymmetry (3.2%).

Conclusion
After non-surgical treatment, the condyle head of the fractured mandible recovered significantly laterally and superiorly in under 19-year-olds. The functional prognosis was favorable in all age groups. Non-surgical treatment can be an applicable treatment option for patients with mandibular condylar fractures.
Prevalence of Schistosoma infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Shewa Robit Health Center, North-Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zewdie Woubshet , Alemu Getaneh , Hailu Tadesse 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Schistosoma spp. and other intestinal parasites are common in Ethiopia. During pregnancy, SCH increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. However, its epidemiology among pregnant women and awareness level about the disease are not well addressed in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to address this gap.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2023 among 422 pregnant women who attended Shewa Robit Health Center. Pregnant women who came to the health center for antenatal care services were enrolled in the study following systematic random sampling technique. Questionnaire data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, KAP towards SCH, and associated factors. Stool samples were processed using the Kato–Katz technique, while urine samples were tested with urine test strips for hematuria, and filtration and centrifugation methods for detection of S. haematobium. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed at a 95% confidence level.

Results
Among 422 pregnant women, 38 (9.0%) were positive for hematuria, but none were infected by S. haematobium. Schistosoma mansoni was detected in 40 (9.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.6–12.6) participants. Habit of swimming or bathing (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.896; 95% CI: 2.193–10.933, p < 0.001) and habit of crossing freshwater on barefoot (AOR = 5.113; 95% CI: 1.171–22.324, p = 0.030) were significantly associated with S. mansoni infection. Of the participants, only 74 (17.5%) had previously heard of SCH. Out of 74 aware participants, 49 (66.2%) and 14 (18.9%) were unaware of the causative agent and possibility of a cure for SCH, respectively. Sixty-one (82.4%) were aware that SCH is preventable. Fifty-three (71.6%) and 4 (5.4%) participants believed that SCH is preventable and serious disease, respectively. Eight (10.8%) and 9 (12.2%) participants avoided contact with freshwater and used clean water for drinking and washing, respectively.

Conclusions
There is nearly moderate prevalence of S. mansoni infection in the study area. Pregnant women who often had freshwater contact were more likely to contract S. mansoni. Most pregnant women in the study area had low KAP levels towards SCH. Therefore, women of reproductive age groups should be the focus of SCH control programs.
Nonlinear Raman-Nath diffraction in submicron-thick periodically poled lithium niobate thin film
Authors: Li Xiao-Ni , Peng Ling-Zhi , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Hong Li-Hong , Hu De-Ming , Zhao Yuan-Yuan , Duan Xuan-Ming , Chen Bao-Qin , Li Zhi-Yuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNonlinear Raman-Nath diffraction (NRND) is a unique diffraction pattern formed when a high-intensity laser interacts with a nonlinear microstructure bulky medium relying only on the transverse phase matching condition. Here, we report on the first experimental observation of NRND in a submicron-thick periodically poled lithium niobate thin film (PPLNTF) by geometric reflection pumped via a near-infrared femtosecond pulse laser. We further observe the evolution of the diffracted signals after broadening of the pump laser via a fused silica plate. We systematically analyze the spectral properties of multi-order second harmonic generation (SHG) diffracted signals exhibiting asymmetric distributions and explicitly clarify their phase matching conditions, simultaneously considering the impacts of the incident pump wavelength, the sample poling period, and the incident angle on the properties of the angular distribution diffracted beams. The realization of NRND phenomena with appreciable on-chip efficiency at a submicron interaction length is mainly attributed to the significant contribution of domain walls to enhance the nonlinear effects along with the modulation of second-order nonlinear susceptibilities $${\chi }^{(2)}$$

χ

(
2
)

. This NRND scheme provides a high-resolution, non-destructive on-chip microstructure diagnostic method, and even has the potential to develop novel on-chip integrated optoelectronic devices for applications such as precision metrology, biosensing, and spectral analysis.
Prevalence of anxiety symptoms and associated factors at 2 months postpartum, results from a 2021 French national prospective cohort study
Authors: Doncarli Alexandra , Demiguel Virginie , Le Ray Camille , Deneux-Tharaux Catherine , Lebreton Elodie , Apter Gisèle , Boudet-Berquier Julie , Crenn-Hebert Catherine , Vacheron Marie-Noëlle , Regnault Nolwenn , Tebeka Sarah ,   Members of the ENP2021 Study Group
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Postpartum anxiety (PPA) symptoms have harmful effects on child development and mother–infant interactions. Accordingly, in-depth knowledge of associated risk factors is crucial for prevention policies. This study aimed to estimate PPA symptom prevalence at 2 months and to identify associated risk factors in a representative sample of all women who gave birth in France in 2021, and in two subgroups: women with no postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms, and those with no history of mental health care.

Methods
Among the 12,723 women included in the representative French national perinatal survey 2021ENP, 7,133 completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) self-administered questionnaire – including three anxiety-specific items (EPDS-3A) – at 2 months postpartum. We estimated the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of PPA symptoms using Poisson regression models with robust variance.

Results
PPA symptom prevalence at 2 months was 27.6% (95% CI [26.5–28.8]). Associated risk factors were: age ≤ 34 years (maximum aPR = 1.38 [1.22–1.58] obtained for persons aged 25–29 years vs. 35–39 years), poorer health literacy (1.15 [1.07–1.23]), a history of medical termination of pregnancy (1.32 [1.05–1.68]), psychological (1.31 [1.17–1.47]) or psychiatric (1.42 [1.24–1.63]) care history since adolescence, nulliparity (1.23 [1.12–1.35]), no weight gain or loss (1.29 [1.03–1.61] vs. 9–15 kg gain) or gain ≥23 kg (1.20 [1.00–1.43]) during pregnancy, ≥3 pregnancy-related emergency consultations (1.16 [1.03–1.31] vs. none), poor/good support during pregnancy, (1.16 [1.00–1.34] and 1.15 [1.05–1.26], respectively, vs. very good), sadness (1.52 [1.36–1.69]), anhedonia (1.48 [1.27–1.72]), or both (1.99 [1.79–2.21]) during pregnancy, not at all/not very satisfied with pain management during childbirth (1.16 [1.01–1.32] vs. quite/very satisfied). Similar risk factors were found in the ‘no PPD symptoms’ and ‘no history of mental health care’ subgroups.

Conclusions
Estimated PPA symptom prevalence at 2 months in our study sample was 27.6%. The risk factors we identified may guide future prevention policies.
Survival after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute high-risk Pulmonary Embolism: A meta-analysis of comparative studies
Authors: Yang Xiaoying , Xiang Min , Wu Lifang , He Meng , Zhu Hongyan 
Published: December 2024

Objective: The survival benefit of venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) for the management of acute high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) remains unclear. This meta-analysis combines data from comparative studies to assess the risk of mortality after ECMO vs standard care in the management of acute high-risk PE.
Methods: Databases of PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from 01st January 2000 to 24th March 2023 for comparative studies with at least 10 patients/group comparing ECMO vs standard treatment. PRISMA guidelines were followed for this review. We extracted mortality data and combined it to obtain the outcome as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in a random-effects model.
Results: Ten studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that the risk of early mortality was not significantly different between ECMO and non-ECMO groups (RR: 0.97 95% CI: 0.78, 1.19 I2=73%). No change in significance was noted on subgroup analysis based on study location, sample size, cardiac arrest, systemic thrombolysis, and surgical embolectomy.
Conclusion: Limited evidence derived from mostly retrospective studies riddled with selection bias suggests that ECMO may not offer additional survival benefits in high-risk PE.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.10568
How to cite this: Yang X, Xiang M, Wu L, He M, Zhu H. Survival after Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute high-risk Pulmonary Embolism: A meta-analysis of comparative studies. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(1):312-317. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.10568
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Nostalgia, homesickness, and migration: A qualitative study into Polish migrant experience
Authors: Garro Valentina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study seeks to examine the relationship between nostalgia, homesickness, and the transnational interests of Polish migrants in the UK. This study observes several relationships between these experiences in Polish migrants, most notably how feelings of homesickness and nostalgia are linked to transnational interests. Qualitative research in the form of in-depth interviews with 10 Polish migrants living in London and Stoke-on-Trent, acquired mostly through snowball sampling, were conducted to capture the nuances of migrant experiences. This study also suggests areas for further research in migration studies, in particular the effect of migration circumstances on homesickness and nostalgia.
Challenges to building social cohesion in conflict-laden areas: The A’zaz case in the northwest of Syria (2016–2022)
Authors: Garebo Omar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The primary focus of this article is to critically evaluate the feasibility of fostering social cohesion in northwest Syria. This exploration hinges on the nuanced perspectives of local authorities, residents, and civil society organizations (CSOs) actively operating within the region. To comprehensively understand this dynamic, a structured approach was employed, including conducting 25 Key Informant Interviews (KII), organizing three focus group discussions with a total of 30 participants representing the broader community base, and launching a public survey that garnered insights from 516 respondents across diverse community sectors following up with the post-data collection, the research utilized advanced Excel methodologies to rigorously analyze the findings, thereby probing the stated hypotheses. The analytical journey unearthed a myriad of challenges and roadblocks impeding the attainment of social cohesion. The survey underscored an imperative: the need for capacity-building across all regional actors. It also highlighted certain critical areas requiring immediate intervention and overhaul, notably the economic and security sectors.
Anticoagulation-related complications and their outcomes in hemodialysis patients with acute kidney injury at selected hospitals in Ethiopia
Authors: Kedir Hanan Muzeyin , Yabeyu Abdella Birhan , Ejigu Addisu Melkie , Tadesse Tamrat Assefa , Sisay Eskinder Ayalew 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
During hemodialysis (HD), the presence of clots in the dialyzer can diminish the effective surface area of the device. In severe cases, clot formation in the circuit can halt treatment and lead to blood loss in the system. Thus, ensuring proper anticoagulation during HD is crucial to prevent clotting in the circuit while safeguarding the patient from bleeding risks. This study aimed to evaluate anticoagulation outcomes and related factors in HD patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) at selected hospitals in Ethiopia.

Method
A prospective, multicenter observational study was carried out between October 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022. The study encompassed all AKI patients undergoing HD at least once during the study period. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the data, and multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated to clotting and bleeding.

Results
Data were gathered from 1010 HD procedures conducted on 175 patients. Extracorporeal circuit clotting was detected in 34 patients during 39 (3.9%) dialysis sessions while bleeding incidents occurred in 27 patients across 29 (2.9%) sessions. A statistically significant association was found between both the total number of HD treatments and blood flow rate with incidents of clotting. Factors such as length of hospitalization, serum creatinine levels at admission, signs and symptoms associated with uremia, along utilization of anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications demonstrated an association with bleeding events.

Conclusion
Clotting affected 19.4% of participants, while bleeding occurred in 15.4%, underscoring the importance of close monitoring. The frequency of HD sessions and blood flow rate are correlated with clotting, while hospitalization duration, serum creatinine levels, uremic symptoms, and anticoagulant use are associated with bleeding events.