bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ETHICAL DECISION‐MAKING: GETTING BETTER AT DOING RIGHT
Authors: Dittmar James K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe author believes that good leadership equates to ethical leadership. Noting some recent examples of bad organizational behavior, he outlines “a model that I trust will help you in your journey of becoming a better leader by being ethical. I call this model the “3‐P’s.” The 3‐P’s represent Process, Perspective, and Person.” In support of this, he writes: First, I use the terms “ethical” and “moral” (and their conjunctive derivatives) interchangeably. Some may distinguish between the two. In this article, both words represent the same concept. Second, circumstances in which ethical decisions must be made (those that have ethical implications or components), come in a variety of forms. Within #1, he writes process “refers to the method of identifying and analyzing the issues related to resolving an ethical dilemma.” In #2, “Perspective refers to your personal values, beliefs, and character (virtues) that determine how you will behave, ethically speaking.” And in #3, for the person, he writes “The phrase moral agent refers to your capacity and ability to act morally or ethically. In this case, you take a hard look into the mirror and ask, Am I able and willing to live out my moral values?”
Ultrasensitive and Selective Impedimetric Determination of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Based on Di‐Succinimide Functionalized Polythiophene Covered Cost‐Effective Indium Tin Oxide
Authors: Aydın Elif Burcu , Aydın Muhammet , Sezgintürk Mustafa Kemal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new and ultrasensitive impedimetric biosensor fabricated by using conjugated di‐succinimide substituted polythiophene (P(ThidiSuc)) polymer modified indium tin oxide electrode is developed for the first time to detect the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA). The polymer P(Thi‐diSuc) is synthesized by using a simple way and used in the fabrication of the proposed biosensor. The synthesized polymer contains di‐succinimide groups, which offers covalent immobilization of PSMA specific antibodies. The developed strategy shortens the biosensor fabrication steps, because these active groups bind covalently to the amino ends of PSMA specific antibodies and this reaction does not require any crosslinking agent. Various characterization studies like impedimetric and voltammetric measurements, and morphological analyses are utilized to confirm the successful development of the biosensor. Under optimum conditions, the biosensing ability of the PSMA determination has a wide linear determination range from 0.015 to 14.4 pg mL−1, as well as a low limit of detection of 6.4 fg mL−1 and a high sensitivity of 1.36 kohm pg−1 mL cm−2. Furthermore, the proposed biosensor is able to measure the PSMA antigen in real human serums, which offers that it is a simple, low‐cost, and sensitive tool with excellent potential for application in the quantification of PSMA.
Cyanines comprising barbiturate group facilitate NIR‐light assisted ATRP under anaerobic and aerobic conditions at two wavelengths using Fe(III) catalyst
Authors: Kütahya Ceren , Meckbach Nicolai , Strehmel Veronika , Strehmel Bernd 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCyanines with heptamethine pattern namely 5‐(6‐(2‐(3‐ethyl‐1,1‐dimethyl‐1H‐benzo[e]indol‐2(3H)‐ylidene)ethylidene)‐2‐(2‐(3‐ethyl‐1,1‐dimethyl‐1H‐benzo[e]indol‐3‐ium‐2yl) vinyl) cyclo‐hex‐1‐en‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dioxo‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐4‐olate comprising a barbiturate group facilitate controlled radical polymerization using FeBr3 in the ppm range applying radiation at 790 nm. Tris(4‐methoylphenyl)phosphine, Tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine or tetrabutylammonium bromide served as ligand. The latter showed the best performance resulting in a system needing no amino nitrogen for photo‐ATRP. Ethyl α‐bromophenylacetate worked as initiator. The cyanine interacts with FeBr3 resulting in a new absorption band at 877 nm that also resulted in formation of polymer exhibiting similar molecular weight but higher dispersity compared to that obtained by 790 nm radiation by exposure with a light‐emitting diode (LED) emitting at 870 nm. This explains the reactivity of the system while other cyanines such as 2‐[2‐[3‐[2‐(1,3‐Dihydro‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2H‐indol‐2‐ylidene)‐ethylidene]‐2‐(1‐phenyl‐ 1H‐tetrazol‐5‐ylsulfanyl)‐1‐cyclohexen‐1‐yl]‐ethenyl]‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐indolium chloride showed no activity by exposure at 790 nm in combination with FeBr3/Br−. Controlled radical polymerization was confirmed by successful chain extension and block copolymerization experiments resulting in polymers, which exhibit a dispersity of about 1.3. Interestingly, the new system comprising the aforementioned barbiturate substituted cyanine, FeBr3/Br− and ethyl α‐bromophenylacetate showed a certain oxygen tolerance. Polymers obtained exhibited similar dispersity as those made under inert conditions.
The strength of a chemical bond
Authors: Zhao Lili , Zhi Minna , Frenking Gernot 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe discuss the physical criteria that have been proposed as a measure of the strength of a chemical bond. Critical examination of the strengths and weaknesses of the various quantities shows that the force constant is the most general measure for determining the strength of a chemical bond in molecules. The force constant of a bond AB is a direct indicator of the interatomic forces between the fragments A and B at the equilibrium distance, which is independent from the energies and electronic structures of the free species A and B. This is a great advantage compared to the use of energy differences for determining the bond strength, which are subject to the choice of the reference system that is often not uniquely defined. This is particularly evident when considering the strength of a chemical bond in strongly bonded but metastable species such as [O2]2+. The change in the electronic structure of the reference system obscures the intrinsic bond strength at equilibrium. Energy changes along the course of chemical reactions are elementary quantities in chemistry; they provide crucial information for the kinetics and thermodynamics of processors. However, they are not suitable as a measure of bond strength. The definition of local vibrational constants by Konkoli and Cremer eliminates the coupling of the stretching vibration with other vibrational modes, which makes it possible to use force constants as direct measure for bond strength also in larger molecules.
Transcriptome analysis reveals potential mechanisms of the effects of dietary Enteromorpha polysaccharides on bursa of Fabricius in broilers
Authors: Qiu Sheng‐Jian , Zhang Rui , Guo Yan , Zhao Yue , Zhao Zhi‐Hui , Liu Wen‐Chao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Enteromorpha polysaccharides (EP) on relative organ weight of broilers, and RNA‐seq technique was used to reveal the potential molecular mechanisms of the positive effects of EP on relative organ weight. A total of 396 1‐day‐old male chicks (Arbor Acres) were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments containing EP at 0 (EP0), 1000 (EP1000), 2500 (EP2500), 4000 (EP4000), 5500 (EP5500), and 7000 (EP7000) mg/kg levels for a 35‐day feeding trial. At the end of feeding trail, six birds (one bird from each replicate cage) were randomly selected from each treatment and then slaughtered for relative organ weight analysis. The results showed that the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius were increased in the EP1000 group (p < 0.05), and then three bursa of Fabricius samples from each group (EP0 and EP1000) were randomly selected for RNA‐seq analysis. The results of RNA‐seq analysis showed that there were 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EP0 and EP1000 groups, among the DEGs, 6 genes were upregulated and 14 genes were downregulated by EP1000 supplementation (p‐adjust < 0.05). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested that the DEGs were mainly enriched in negative regulation of toll‐like receptor 9 signaling pathway (p‐corrected < 0.05). Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in phagosome, mitophagy‐animal, Salmonella infection, autophagy‐animal signaling pathways (p‐corrected = 0.081). Taken together, dietary EP supplementation at 1000 mg/kg level promoted the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius may be involved in improving the immune function of broilers. These findings provided a reference for further exploring the specific molecular mechanism of EP that affecting the organ development in broilers.
A traversable wormhole teleportation protocol in the SYK model
Authors: Gao Ping , Jafferis Daniel Louis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a concrete teleportation protocol in the SYK model based on a particle traversing a wormhole. The required operations for the communication, and insertion and extraction of the qubit, are all simple operators in terms of the basic qubits. We determine the effectiveness of this protocol, and find a version achieves almost perfect fidelity. Many features of semiclassical traversable wormholes are manifested in this setup.
Conformal wave expansions for flat space amplitudes
Authors: Liu Chang , Lowe David A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The extended BMS algebra contains a conformal subgroup that acts on the celestial sphere as SO(1, 3). It is of interest to perform mode expansions of free fields in Minkowski spacetime that realize this symmetry in a simple way. In the present work we perform such a mode expansion for massive scalar fields using the unitary principal series representations of SO(1, 3) with a view to developing a holographic approach to gravity in asymptotically flat spacetime. These mode expansions are also of use in studying holography in three-dimensional de Sitter spacetime.
Cariprazine alleviates core behavioral deficits in the prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Román Viktor , Adham Nika , Foley Andrew G. , Hanratty Lynsey , Farkas Bence , Lendvai Balázs , Kiss Béla 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rationale
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive behaviors. The unmet medical need in ASD is considerable since there is no approved pharmacotherapy for the treatment of these deficits in social communication, interaction, and behavior. Cariprazine, a dopamine D3-preferring D3/D2 receptor partial agonist, is already approved for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder in adults; investigation in patients with ASD is warranted.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cariprazine, compared with risperidone and aripiprazole, in the rat prenatal valporic acid (VPA) exposure model on behavioral endpoints representing the core and associated symptoms of ASD.

Methods
To induce the ASD model, time-mated Wistar rat dams were treated with VPA during pregnancy. Male offspring were assigned to groups and studied in a behavioral test battery at different ages, employing social play, open field, social approach-avoidance, and social recognition memory tests. Animals were dosed orally, once a day for 8 days, with test compounds (cariprazine, risperidone, aripiprazole) or vehicle before behavioral assessment.

Results
Cariprazine showed dose-dependent efficacy on all behavioral endpoints. In the social play paradigm, only cariprazine was effective. On the remaining behavioral endpoints, including the reversal of hyperactivity, risperidone and aripiprazole displayed similar efficacy to cariprazine.

Conclusions
In the present study, cariprazine effectively reversed core behavioral deficits and hyperactivity present in juvenile and young adult autistic-like rats. These findings indicate that cariprazine may be useful in the treatment of ASD symptoms.
Vulnerability factors for mephedrone-induced conditioned place preference in rats—the impact of sex differences, social-conditioning and stress
Authors: Wronikowska Olga , Zykubek Maria , Kurach Łukasz , Michalak Agnieszka , Boguszewska-Czubara Anna , Budzyńska Barbara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rationale
Mephedrone is a frequently overused drug of abuse that belongs to the group of novel psychoactive substances. Although its mechanism of action, as well as toxic and psychoactive effects, has been widely studied, the role of different factors that could contribute to the increased vulnerability to mephedrone abuse is still poorly understood.

Objectives
The aim of the presented study was to assess the impact of several factors (sex differences, social-conditioning, and chronic mild unpredictable stress — CMUS) on the liability to mephedrone-induced reward in Wistar rats.

Methods
The rewarding effects of mephedrone in male and female rats were assessed using the conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. Furthermore, the impact of social factor and stress was evaluated in male rats using social-CPP and CMUS-dependent CPP, respectively.

Results
Mephedrone induced classic-CPP in female (10 mg/kg), as well as in male (10 and 20 mg/kg) rats. However, the impact of mephedrone treatment during social-CPP was highly dose-dependent as the rewarding effects of low dose of mephedrone (5 mg/kg; non-active in classic-CPP) were potentiated when administered during social-conditioning. Interestingly, social-conditioning with a higher dose of 20 mg/kg (that induced classic-CPP) was able to reverse these effects. Finally, CMUS potentiated rewarding effects of a low dose of mephedrone (5 mg/kg) and increased the level of corticosterone in rats’ prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.

Conclusions
Altogether, the presented results give new insight into possible factors underlying the vulnerability to mephedrone abuse and can serve as a basis for further studies assessing mechanisms underlying observed effects.
Remarks on Stationary and Uniformly-rotating Vortex Sheets: Rigidity Results
Authors: Gómez-Serrano Javier , Park Jaemin , Shi Jia , Yao Yao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we show that the only solution of the vortex sheet equation, either stationary or uniformly rotating with negative angular velocity $$\Omega $$
Ω
, such that it has positive vorticity and is concentrated in a finite disjoint union of smooth curves with finite length is the trivial one: constant vorticity amplitude supported on a union of nested, concentric circles. The proof follows a desingularization argument and a calculus of variations flavor.
The “beauty in the beast”—the multiple uses of Priestia megaterium in biotechnology
Authors: Biedendieck Rebekka , Knuuti Tobias , Moore Simon J. , Jahn Dieter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Over 30 years, the Gram-positive bacterium Priestia megaterium (previously known as Bacillus megaterium) was systematically developed for biotechnological applications ranging from the production of small molecules like vitamin B12, over polymers like polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) up to the in vivo and in vitro synthesis of multiple proteins and finally whole-cell applications. Here we describe the use of the natural vitamin B12 (cobalamin) producer P. megaterium for the elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway and the subsequent systematic knowledge-based development for production purposes. The formation of PHB, a natural product of P. megaterium and potential petro-plastic substitute, is covered and discussed. Further important biotechnological characteristics of P. megaterium for recombinant protein production including high protein secretion capacity and simple cultivation on value-added carbon sources are outlined. This includes the advanced system with almost 30 commercially available expression vectors for the intracellular and extracellular production of recombinant proteins at the g/L scale. We also revealed a novel P. megaterium transcription-translation system as a complementary and versatile biotechnological tool kit. As an impressive biotechnology application, the formation of various cytochrome P450 is also critically highlighted. Finally, whole cellular applications in plant protection are completing the overall picture of P. megaterium as a versatile giant cell factory.

Key points
• The use of Priestia megaterium for the biosynthesis of small molecules and recombinant proteins through to whole-cell applications is reviewed.
• P. megaterium can act as a promising alternative host in biotechnological production processes.
3-D visualization of transparent fluid flows from snapshot light field data
Authors: Eberhart Martin , Loehle Stefan , Offenhäuser Philipp 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the use of light field data, recorded in a snapshot from a single plenoptic camera, for 3-D visualization of transparent fluid flows. We demonstrate the transfer of light field deconvolution, a method so far used only in microscopy, to macroscopic scales with a photographic setup. This technique is suitable for optically thin media without any additional particles or tracers and allows volumetric investigation of non-stationary flows with a simple single camera setup. An experimental technique for the determination of the shift-variant point spread functions is presented, which is a key for applications using a photographic optical system. The paper shows results from different test cases with increasing complexity. Reconstruction of the 3-D positions of randomly distributed light points demonstrates the achievable high accuracy of the technique. Gas flames and droplets of a fluorescent liquid show the feasibility of the proposed method for the visualization of transparent, luminous flows. The visualizations exhibit high quality and resolution in low-contrast flows, where standard plenoptic software based on computer vision fails. Axial resolution depends on the data and is about an order of magnitude lower than the lateral resolution for simple point objects. The technique also allows the time-resolved analysis of flow structures and the generation of 3D3C-velocity fields from a sequence of exposures.

Graphical Abstract
PBMC telomerase activity in depression and the response to electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Ryan Karen M. , Finnegan Martha , Harkin Andrew , McLoughlin Declan M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTelomerase, the DNA polymerase responsible for maintaining telomere length, has previously been implicated in depression and the response to antidepressant drugs. In this study, we aimed to compare telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells between patients with severe depression recruited as part of the KEEP-WELL Trial (Ketamine for Depression Relapse Prevention Following ECT; NCT02414932) and age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers both at baseline/pre-ECT and at follow-up 1 month later for controls or in patients after a course of ECT. We found no differences in telomerase activity between patients with depression (n = 20) compared to healthy controls (n = 33) at baseline/pre-ECT, or between patients treated with ECT compared to controls at follow-up. In patients, telomerase activity was not associated with mood, as assessed by the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, or the duration of the current depressive episode. Additionally, we found no significant relationship between telomerase activity and exposure to recent or childhood adversity in either the patient or control groups. Overall, our results suggest that telomerase activity is not associated with depression, the therapeutic response to ECT, or exposure to adversity.
Autonomous ships for container shipping in the Arctic routes
Authors: Munim Ziaul Haque , Saha Rana , Schøyen Halvor , Ng Adolf K. Y. , Notteboom Theo E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the competitiveness of various autonomous ship categories for container shipping in the Arctic route. We propose a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework using four ship categories as alternatives and eight criteria for competitiveness evaluation. We analyse collected data using the Best–Worst Method (BWM), one of the recently developed MCDM methods. The findings reveal that operating expenses, navigation aspects, and environmental protection are the three most important criteria for deploying autonomous ships in the Arctic route. Among the three investigated autonomous ships alternatives, the semi-autonomous ship operated from a shore control centre (SCC) is prioritized for Arctic shipping in the foreseeable future, when benchmarked against the conventional ship. The SCC-controlled semi-autonomous ship alternative is competitive in the majority of the considered criteria including operating expenses, capital expenses, navigation, ship-shore and ship–ship communication, search and rescue, and environmental protection.
The Wealth Effect of Corporate Water Actions: How Past Corporate Responsibility and Irresponsibility Influence Stock Market Reactions
Authors: Afrin Rafia , Peng Ni , Bowen Frances 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnsuring access to clean water is one of the most important development and health challenges of the twenty-first century. Given the manifold impacts of business activities on water resources, corporate water actions should be of central concern to business ethics researchers. Yet so far we know too little about whether business activities that impact on water resources are noticed or how corporate water actions are valued by a firm’s stakeholders, including by financial markets. In response, we conduct an event study to investigate the shareholder wealth effect of reports of corporate water actions. We explore stock market reactions to water actions by S&P 500 firms from 2005 to 2017, showing that the market reacts positively to reports of responsible water actions and negatively to irresponsible actions. We further explain that these abnormal returns to water actions are associated with a firm’s past performance on ethical issues, arguing that the reputational effects from prior corporate social responsibility and irresponsibility influence market reactions. Our analysis provides evidence that there are diminishing marginal returns to responsible water actions for firms with records of past responsibility and an offsetting effect for those with past irresponsibility. Similarly, we demonstrate an insurance effect that limits punishment for irresponsible water actions for firms with responsible performance records and diminishing negative marginal returns for those already seen to be irresponsible. This study is the first to show that shareholders recognize market value in corporate water actions and are prepared to award or punish firms in stock markets based on their impacts on water.
Inflation puzzles, the Phillips Curve and output expectations: new perspectives from the Euro Zone
Authors: Passamani Giuliana , Sardone Alessandro , Tamborini Roberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConfidence in the Phillips Curve (PC) as predictor of inflation developments along the business cycle has been shaken by recent “inflation puzzles” in advanced countries, such as the “missing disinflation” in the aftermath of the Great Recession and the “missing inflation” in the years of recovery, to which the Euro-Zone “excess deflation” during the post-crisis depression may be added. This paper proposes a newly specified Phillips Curve model, in which expected inflation, instead of being treated as an exogenous explanatory variable of actual inflation, is endogenized. The idea is simply that if the PC is used to foresee inflation, then its expectational component should in some way be the result of agents using the PC itself. As a consequence, the truly independent explanatory variables of inflation turn out to be the output gaps and the related forecast errors by agents, with notable empirical consequences. The model is tested with the Euro-Zone data 1999–2019 showing that it may provide a consistent explanation of the “inflation puzzles” by disentangling the structural component from the expectational effects of the PC.