bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Study of Hydrogen Bond Formation in Four Rare Sugars: Gulose, Allose, Altrose, and Talose
Authors: Kotena Zahrabatoul Mosapour , Razi Mozhan , Ahmadi Sara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rare sugars are monosaccharides with tremendous potential for applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, nutraceutical, and flavors industries. The four rare sugars, including; gulose, allose, altrose and talose are stereoisomers that are different in the hydroxyl group orientation (axial or equatorial) on the C2-4 atoms. The DFT, AIM, and, NBO calculations were used to probe the probability of formation of internal H-bonds in four rare sugars. The AIM analysis identified that altrose and talose can form three predominantly intramolecular H-bonds, whereas gulose and allose revealed one and two H-bonds, respectively and these normal intramolecular H-bonds are mostly closed-shell interactions. The theoretical calculated O-H stretching FT-IR vibrational frequencies confirmed that the intramolecular H-bonds shifted toward low frequencies in comparison to the free hydroxyl group, which caused the red-shift. Also, the lowest IR frequency in each sugar was related to the structure with the highest stabilization energy and the most strongest intramolecular H-bonds.
Tribological Properties of SiO2@Cu And SiO2@MoS2 Core-Shell Microspheres As Lubricant Additives
Authors: Ma Xiaoliang , Gan Chaoliang , Li Xiaopeng , Li Yuting , Feng Peng , Fan Xiaoqiang , Ye Xiangyuan , Zhu Minhao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Herein, core-shell structural SiO2@Cu and SiO2@MoS2 microspheres were prepared using SiO2 as hard core, Cu and MoS2 as shell. As lubricant additives were introduced into base oil (PAO 40), their friction-reduction and wear-resistance were investigated in detail. Comparing with onefold additive (SiO2, Cu and MoS2), such core-shell structure additives can improve the tribological behaviors at the Hertz contact stress range of 1.26 ~ 2.72 GPa (SiO2@Cu reduces the friction and wear up to 32.47% and 67.86% at 2.72 GPa, respectively). Besides, the tribological properties of SiO2@Cu microspheres are superior to that of SiO2@MoS2 (the wear volume was reduced by 48.45% at 2.72 GPa). The excellent tribological behaviors of SiO2@Cu microspheres can be ascribed to its structural advantage, the synergistic effect of hard SiO2 core and Cu shell. The rolling effect of SiO2, easy-shearing and self-repairing of Cu shell offer a synergistic lubrication function and form a dense protection film, thereby contributing to the optimal lubrication performance.
Population Structure of Nation-Wide Rice in Thailand
Authors: Vejchasarn Phanchita , Shearman Jeremy R. , Chaiprom Usawadee , Phansenee Yotwarit , Tulyananda Tatpong , Jairin Jirapong , Amornbunchornvej Chainarong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThailand is a country with large diversity in rice varieties due to its rich and diverse ecology. In this paper, 300 rice varieties from all across Thailand were sequenced to identify SNP variants allowing for the population structure to be explored.ResultsThe result of inferred population structure from admixture and clustering analysis illustrated strong evidence of substructure in each geographical region. The results of phylogenetic tree, PCA analysis, and machine learning on SNPs selected by QTL analysis also supported the inferred population structure.ConclusionThe population structure, which was inferred in this study, contains ve subpopulations such that each subpopulation has a unique ecological system, genetic pattern, as well as agronomic traits. This study can serve as a reference point of the nation-wide population structure for supporting breeders and researchers who are interested in Thai rice.
Curcumin-based-fluorescent probes targeting ALDH1A3 as a promising tool for glioblastoma precision surgery and early diagnosis
Authors: Gelardi Edoardo , Caprioglio Diego , Colombo Giorgia , Mazzoletti Daniele , Mattoteia Daiana , Salamone Stefano , Ferraris Davide , Aronica Eleonora , Nato Giulia , Buffo Annalisa , Rizzi Menico , Magrassi Lorenzo , Minassi Alberto , Garavaglia Silvia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
High Grade Glioma (HGG) is the most aggressive primary brain tumour for which both effective treatments and efficient tools for an early-stage diagnosis are lacking. Herein, we present two curcumin-based fluorescent probes that are able to bind to aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3), an enzyme overexpressed in glioma stem cells (GSCs) and associated with stemness and invasiveness of HGG. Both compounds are selective versus ALDH1A3, without showing any appreciable interaction with other ALDH1A isoenzymes. Indeed, their fluorescent signal is detectable only in our positive controls in vitro and absent in cells that lack ALDH1A3. Remarkably, in vivo, they selectively accumulate in glioblastoma cells, allowing the identification of the growing tumour mass. The significant specificity of our compounds is the necessary premise for their further development into glioblastoma cells detecting probes to be possibly used during neurosurgical operations.
S100A6 Promotes the Development and Apoptosis of Thyroid Cancer Through the PI3K/AKT/Mtor Pathway
Authors: chen buran , Shen Cuihua , Zheng Danni , Si Yuhao , Hu Chunlei , li Huihui , Tang Kaifu , zhang wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThyroid cancer(TC) is the most common endocrine malignant tumor.High levels of S100A6 have been associated with progression in some type of human cancers, but its role in the molecular pathogenesis of these cancers is largely unknown. This study investigated the expression and functional roles of S100A6 in human thyroid cancer. MethodsTCGA database and qRT-PCR were used to examine the expression of S100A6 in thyroid cancer. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, Transwell assay, invasion assay and western blot assay were used to identify the biological function of S100A6 in thyroid cancer cells. Flow cytometry is used to assess apoptosis.ResultsCompared with normal thyroid tissues, S100A6 is overexpressed in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines. Silencing S100A6 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of TC cells, and induce their apoptosis. ConclusionsS100A6 promotes the progression of thyroid cancer through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and can be used as a target in the future treatment of thyroid cancer.
The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Serum Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites
Authors: Yeung Kai Tai Derek , Penney Nicholas , Whiley Luke , Ashrafian Hutan , Lewis Matthew R , Purkayastha Sanjay , Darzi Ara , Holmes Elaine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives This study aims to explore the immediate effects of bariatric surgery on serum tryptophan – kynurenine pathway metabolites in individuals with type 2 diabetes and BMI > 30. With the goal of providing insight into the link between tryptophan pathway metabolites, type 2 diabetes, and chronic obesity-induced inflammation.Methods This longitudinal study included 20 participants. Half were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. 11 and 9 underwent RYGB and SG respectively. Blood samples were obtained at pre-operative and three months post-operative timepoints. Tryptophan and downstream metabolites of the kynurenine pathway were quantified with an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation method.Results At 3 months post-operation, RYGB led to significant reductions in tryptophan, kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid levels when compared to baseline. Significant reductions of the same metabolites after surgery were also observed in individuals with T2D irrespective of surgical procedure. These metabolites were significantly correlated with serum HbA1c levels.Conclusions Bariatric surgery, in particular RYGB reduces serum levels of tryptophan and its downstream kynurenine metabolites. These metabolites are associated with T2D and thought to be potentially mechanistic in systemic processes leading to insulin resistance. Its reduction after surgery is associated with an improvement in glycaemic control (HbA1c).
Increased Iron-Carbon Interactions Under Long-Term Acid Deposition Enhance Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in A Tropical Forest in Southern China
Authors: Chen Jingwen , Hu Yuanliu , Hall Steven J. , Hui Dafeng , Li Jianling , Chen Guoyin , Sun Lianwei , Zhang Deqiang , Deng Qi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Atmospheric acid deposition remains a widespread problem that may influence the protection of carbon (C) in soil by altering organo-mineral interactions. However, the impacts of additional acidity on organo-mineral interactions and soil C sequestration in naturally acidic tropical soils with a high content of reactive iron (Fe) phases have not been well studied. Here we sampled a nearly 10-yr field experiment with a gradient of acidity treatments (0, 9.6, 32, 96 mol H+ ha− 1 yr− 1 as nitric acid + sulfuric acid) to examine how acidification alters organo-mineral interactions and soil organic carbon (SOC) pools in a tropical forest in southern China. As expected, soil acidification significantly enhanced the leaching of base cations (e.g., Ca2+), and it also altered the solubility and composition of Fe and Al phases. The acidity treatments converted more crystalline Fe (oxyhydr)oxides to short-range-ordered phases, resulting in a large increase in Fe-bound C vs. a relatively small decrease in Ca-bound C. Overall, the acidity treatments increased the mineral-associated C stock to 32.5–36.4 Mg C ha− 1 vs. 28.8 Mg C ha− 1 in the control, accounting for 71–83% of the observed increase in total SOC stock. These findings highlight the importance of pH-sensitive geochemical changes and the key roles of Fe in regulating the response of SOC to further inputs of acid deposition even in highly weathered and naturally acidic soils. The magnitude of SOC changes observed here indicates the importance of including pH-sensitive geochemistry in Earth system models to predict ecosystem C budgets under future acid deposition scenarios.
The Dawn Of Next Generation DNA Sequencing In Myelodysplastic Syndromes- Experience From Pakistan.
Authors: Anwar Nida , Memon Faheem Ahmed , Shahid Saba , Shakeel Muhammad , Irfan Muhammad , Arshad Aisha , Naz Arshi , Ujjan Ikram Din , Shamsi Tahir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cells exhibiting ineffective hematopoiesis and tendency for transformation into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The available karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization provide limited information on molecular abnormalities for diagnosis/prognosis of MDS. Next generation DNA sequencing (NGS), providing deep insights into molecular mechanisms being involved in pathophysiology, was employed to study MDS in Pakistani cohort.Patients and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at National institute of blood diseases and bone marrow transplant from 2016 to 2019. Total of 22 cases of MDS were included. Complete blood counts, bone marrow assessment and cytogenetic analysis was done. Patients were classified according to WHO classification 2016 and IPSS score was also calculated. Baseline blood samples were subjected to analysis by NGS using a panel of 54 genes associated with myeloid malignancies.Results: The median age of patients was 46 ± 15.5 years. The most common presenting complaint was weakness 10(45.45%). The mean IPSS score was 1. Cytogenetics analysis revealed abnormal karyotype in 08(36.36%) patients. On NGS, 54 non-silent rare frequency somatic mutational events in 29 genes were observed (average of 3.82 (SD ± 2.08) mutations per patient), including mutations previously not observed in MDS or AML. Notably, two genes of cohesin complex, RAD21 and STAG2, and two tumor suppressor genes, CDKN2A and TP53, contained highest number of recurrent non-silent somatic mutations in the MDS. Strikingly, a missense somatic mutation p.M272Rof Rad21 was observed in 13 cases. Overall, non-silent somatic mutations in these four genes were observed in 21 of the 22 cases. The filtration with PharmGKB database highlighted a non-synonymous genetic variant rs1042522[G > C] located in the TP53. Genotype GG and GC of this variant are associated with decreased response to cisplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy. These two genotypes were found in 13 cases.Conclusion: Sequencing studies suggest that numerous genetic variants are involved in the initiation of MDS and in the development of AML. In countries like Pakistan where financial reservation of patients makes the use of such analysis even more difficult when the availability of advanced techniques is already a prevailing issue, our study could be an initiating effort in adding important information to the local data. Further studies and large sample size are needed in future to enlighten molecular profiling and ultimately would be helpful to compare and contrast the molecular characteristics of Asian versus global population.
Hydrogen spillover and its relation to catalysis: observations on structurally defined single-atom sites
Authors: Hülsey Max , Fung Victor , Yan Ning 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen spillover, involving the transfer of H atoms from metal sites onto the catalyst support, is ubiquitous in chemical processes such as catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogen storage and is therefore of tremendous fundamental and technological interest. However, atomic level information concerning the kinetics of this process, the structural evolution of the catalysts during hydrogen spillover, as well as the nature of participation of the spilled over H in catalysis, remain vastly lacking. Here, we provide insights to those questions with the development of a solubilised polyoxometalate-supported single-atom catalyst which allows for the use of characterisation techniques generally inaccessible to study heterogeneous catalysis. Hydrogenation kinetics together with poisoning studies further reveal that hydrogen spillover can be either detrimental or beneficial for catalysis – the direction and magnitude of which depends predominantly on the nature of the reducible bond in the substrate. Similar trends were observed on one of the most prototypical hydrogen spillover catalysts, Pt/WO3, supporting the generalisability of the observations.
Torula Yeast in the Diet of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar and the Impact on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiome.
Authors: Leeper Alexandra , Ekmay Ricardo , Knobloch Stephen , Skírnisdóttir Sigurlaug , Varunjikar Madhushri , Dubois Marianne , Smárason Birgir Örn , Árnason Jón , Koppe Wolfgang , Benhaïm David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLarge scale Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture is expanding, and with it, the need to find suitable replacements of conventional protein sources used in formulated feeds. Torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii) has been identified as a promising alternative protein for aquaculture feeds, and can be sustainable cultivated from lignocellulosic biomasses, contributing to circular economic growth. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of torula yeast on the growth performance and the gut microbiome of freshwater Atlantic salmon to facilitate the commercial uptake of this alternative protein. Two types of diets were assessed in this study. Firstly, a marine protein base diet where fish meal (FM) was replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%) to provide a simplified replacement. Secondly, a marine protein and plant protein combination where mixed plant meals (MIX) were replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%) to provide a commercial relevant dietary replacement.ResultsThis study demonstrated that 20% torula yeast can replace fish meal without alteration to the growth performance while leading to potential benefits for the gut microbiome by increasing the presence of bacteria positively associated with the host. However, when torula yeast replaced a mix of plant meal in a combined protein source diet results suggest 10% inclusion of yeast produced the best growth performance results compared with both the control and 20% inclusion. At the highest inclusion level for the mixed diets potentially negative changes were observed in the gut microbial community, such as a decrease in lactic acid bacteria and an increased level of bacteria associated with slower growth in other salmonid species.ConclusionsThis study supports the application of torula yeast in the diet of Atlantic salmon as a partial replacement for conventional protein sources. However, the other components of the diet will need to be considered to determine the optimal inclusion level for this alternative protein. Future research should further optimise the inclusion of torula yeast in salmonid diets and investigate its influence on the functional role of the fish gut microbiome to facilitate improved formulated feed formulations and ensure a sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
The effect of low-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (LPDBD) plasma in boosting germination, growth, and nutritional properties in wheat
Authors: Hasan Mahedi , Sohan Md. Sohanur Rahman , Sajib Salek Ahmed , Hossain Md. Forhad , Miah Masum , Maruf Md. Mahmudul Hasan , Khalid-Bin-Fer Khandaker Md. , Kabir Ahmad Humayun , Talukder Mamunur Rashid , Rashid Md. Mamunur , Moinuddin Md. , Elseehy Mona M. , El-Shehawi Ahmed M. , Reza Md. Abu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Plasma agriculture is an emerging technology, although the application of non-thermal plasma in wheat productivity is still in its early stage. This study deciphers the effect and mechanistic basis of non-thermal air-generated LPDBD (low-pressure dielectric barrier discharge) plasma in boosting germination, growth and nutritional properties in wheat. Seeds treated with LPDBD plasma exhibited cracked periphery and 6 min treatment showed a 22.11% increase in the germination rate compared to non-treated controls. At the cellular level, the concentration of H2O2 in leaves significantly increased (3.56 µM g-1FW) due to LPDBD plasma treatment, may act as a stimulating agent to trigger the physiological functions in wheat plants. In addition, plants sprouted from air-treated seeds exhibited a marked elevation in CAT and SOD activity accompanied by the increased expression of TaCAT and TaSOD genes in roots of wheat. Interestingly, the grain yield of wheat increased by 27.06% in response to plasma treatment compared to control. Further, grains harvested from plasma-treated plants showed a substantial elevation in iron and fat content as well as decreased moisture content that may contribute to the increased shelf life. The study will open up a new avenue for practical application of plasma in agriculture.
Manufacturing Method for Customizable Collagen Membrane Scaffolds for Use in Tissue-Engineering Applications
Authors: Montalvo-Parra María Dolores , Ortega-Lara Wendy , Calzada-Rodríguez Cesar E. , Torres-Guerrero Guiomar Farid , Hernpandez-Sedas Betsabé , Zavala Judith , Cárdenas-Rodríguez Italia Tatnaí , Valdez-García Jorge E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PurposeCollagen scaffolds are used as tissue engineering tool. The manufacturing methods often lack of reproducibility which limits their application to regenerative medicine. We aimed to set a simple and reproducible method for the production of collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering.MethodsA matryoshka system was built comprising a sealed desiccator containing a saturated K2CO3 solution for a 40% relative humidity (RH) regulation, this was placed inside a 40° C shaking incubator. Collagen gels were cast with a 1:1 ratio of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium and 0.5 mg/mL acid collagen solution. Three gel volumes were selected: 2.2 mL (1x), 4.4 mL (2x), and 6.6 mL (3x). Collagen gels were inserted into the system and desiccation was performed over 37 days (6–12 mL was desiccated per cycle). Characterization of the surface, ultrastructure, transparency, composition, and biocompatibility of the gels was performed using optical, 3D confocal, and scanning electron microscopy; spectrophotometry; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; and X-Ray diffraction. ResultsOn day 7, collagen membranes exhibited superficial fibrils of 1.3 µm (SD, ± 0.23 µm), whereas on day 37, a highly organized laminar structure was observed within a smooth homogeneous surface. Lamina density and organization and membrane width (3.65 µm [1x], 4.8 µm [2x], and 7.2 µm [3x]) increased with gel volume. Transmittance ranged from 77% to 99% and increased with wavelength at UV–vi. Gels at 1x and 2x exhibited a 99% transmittance peak at the green wavelength. The population of cells cultured on membranes was increased by threefold within 48 h; moreover, the size of cell populations cultured on 1x membranes increased by 12% compared with the control. ConclusionsThe scaffolds produced by the matrioshka system were biocompatible, non-cytotoxic, and optically transparent. These membranes can be tailored for multiple uses by modifying their thickness with the volume of the gel and its desiccation time.
Impact of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Duration on Survival of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Albinali Hissah , Alumran Arwa , Alrayes Saja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients experiencing cardiac arrest outside medical facilities are at greater risk of death and might have negative outcomes. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration affects survival of such patients, which suggests that duration of CPR may be vital to patient outcomes.Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration on survival of patients who have suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Methods: Data were collected from emergency cases handled by a secondary hospital in industrial Jubail, Saudi Arabia, between 2015 and 2020. There were 257 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases, 236 of which resulted in death.Results: Bivariate analysis showed no significant association between duration of CPR, gender, and cause of death whereas there is statistically significant between duration of CPR and age (p = 0.014). Hence, the results revealed that death was more likely in elderly patients. The mean and standard deviation for the duration of emergency CPR procedures specifically in surviving patients were 26.5 ± 7.20 min, whereas in patients who died after the procedure, the mean and standard deviation for the duration of CPR were 29.6 ± 9.15 min. The mean age and standard deviation in surviving patients were found to be 38 ± 18.59 years, and 49.4 ± 23.39 years for those who died.Conclusion: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Duration out-of-hospital cardiac arrest does not significantly influence the patient survival in the current study hospital. Other variables may have a more significant effect.