bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting duration of SARS-Cov-2 viral shedding in mildly symptomatic patients isolated in a community facility
Authors: Cheng Hui Mei , Zhao Xiahong , Lim Wei Shyann , Tan Beatrice Jia Min , Tey Hong Liang 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
Mildly symptomatic cases of Covid-19 in previously-well individuals form the majority of infections and also serve as potent vectors of transmission. The factors affecting the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral shedding (DVS) in these patients remain largely unknown.

Objectives
To perform a systematic analysis of the clinical, radiologic, laboratory investigations in patients with few comorbidities infected with mild Covid-19 to identify factors associated with the DVS.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, patients with mild or asymptomatic Covid-19 were included. Baseline characteristics including age, nationality, comorbidities, concomitant medications, and type of isolation arrangement in the facility (single or in pairs) were collected. Clinical features and radiologic/haematologic findings were also collected. Taking day 28 as the cut-off, 187 patients who had a negative swab result up to day 28 (no prolonged DVS) were compared to 126 patients with a persistently positive result on or after day 28 (prolonged DVS).

Results
Of 964 consecutive patients included, 851 (88.3%) patients were symptomatic. 266 patients had a documented negative RT-PCR assay with a median DVS of 25 days (range: 13 to 96 days; interquartile range (IQR): 22 to 33 days). Patients isolated in pairs were associated with prolonged DVS (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.7 to 4.5; p<0.0001) compared to those isolated individually. Among vital signs, only tachycardia was associated with prolonged DVS (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.0 to 7.1; p = 0.03). Amongst investigations, only a raised CRP was associated with prolonged DVS (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.1 to 6.8; p = 0.02).

Conclusions
In young, mildly symptomatic Covid-19 patients, prolonged DVS was associated with being isolated in pairs compared to individually. In situations where a negative RT-PCR test result is required, retesting in patients who were not isolated individually, or who had baseline tachycardia or a raised CRP, may be delayed to increase the yield of a negative result.
Computerized history-taking improves data quality for clinical decision-making—Comparison of EHR and computer-acquired history data in patients with chest pain
Authors: Zakim David , Brandberg Helge , El Amrani Sami , Hultgren Andreas , Stathakarou Natalia , Nifakos Sokratis , Kahan Thomas , Spaak Jonas , Koch Sabine , Sundberg Carl Johan 
Published: September 2021

Patients’ medical histories are the salient dataset for diagnosis. Prior work shows consistently, however, that medical history-taking by physicians generally is incomplete and not accurate. Such findings suggest that methods to improve the completeness and accuracy of medical history data could have clinical value. We address this issue with expert system software to enable automated history-taking by computers interacting directly with patients, i.e. computerized history-taking (CHT). Here we compare the completeness and accuracy of medical history data collected and recorded by physicians in electronic health records (EHR) with data collected by CHT for patients presenting to an emergency room with acute chest pain. Physician history-taking and CHT occurred at the same ED visit for all patients. CHT almost always preceded examination by a physician. Data fields analyzed were relevant to the differential diagnosis of chest pain and comprised information obtainable only by interviewing patients. Measures of data quality were completeness and consistency of negative and positive findings in EHR as compared with CHT datasets. Data significant for the differential of chest pain was missing randomly in all EHRs across all data items analyzed so that the dimensionality of EHR data was limited. CHT files were near complete for all data elements reviewed. Separate from the incompleteness of EHR data, there were frequent factual inconsistencies between EHR and CHT data across all data elements. EHR data did not contain representations of symptoms that were consistent with those reported by patients during CHT.
Trial registration: This study is registered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov (unique identifier: NCT03439449).
Minocycline and staphylococcal microbiota in acne patients
Authors: Arzumanian V. , Masyukova S. , Sergeev A. , Grebenyuk D. , Ilina I. , Alieva Z. , Artemieva T. , Butovchenkюo L. 
Published: September 2021

Minocycline is the tetracycline antibiotic used in the therapy of different forms of acne vulgaris. It was shown previously that S. aureus may play a role of causative agent in inflammatory acne. This study was performed aiming to estimate sensitivity of staphylococcal strains from acne patients towards minocycline. Group of acne 29 patients 17-31 years old with different severity grades was compared with control group of 22 volunteers of the same age. Staphylococcal microflora was obtained from face skin use the stamp method and identified by standard scheme. Sensitivity of strains to minocycline was estimated by microdilution method in DMEM medium. In both groups 5 species of staphylococci were found: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. intermedius, S. saprophyticus. At that we established that S. aureus was the main species in acne group I (62%) as well as in control group (38%). From all species studied the S. epidermidis was found to be most sensitive to minocycline with median of the minimal inhibiting concentration equaling 4 µg/ml, and most resistant was S. saprophyticus – with MIC of 16 µg/ml. Sensitivity of strains of S. aureus to minocycline was higher in acne group than in controls: 39% of acne group isolates had MIC of 4 µg/ml, although 63% of control group isolates had MIC of 8 µg/ml.
ICTs as promoters of diversity and the training of child educators
Authors: Arias-Castilla Carmen Aura , Ayala-Cardona Jaime Alberto 
Published: September 2021

This article emerges from the research framework "State of art at a national level of early childhood education in and for diversity", as part of the project "Pedagogical architecture, didactic and technology for teacher-training for diversity" co-financed by COLCIENCIAS and which is also part of the "Alliance of institutions for the development of education and technology in Colombia” AIDETC, seeking to identify national trends of teacher-training in early childhood education to orient training programs for teachers in and for diversity in Colombia. The inquiry has considered of great importance the incorporation of technological resources to support programs regarding diversity, thus this article presents the current trends of use, possibilities, ICT use and appropriation to accept diversity in Colombia, result of inquiry at Colombian universities with early childhood education programs, through the selection of programs, the documentary analysis of their curricula and application of interviews, to interpret the inclination of the programs in the use of technology tools for teacher-training and in this way provide a general look that enriches the processes of appropriation of ICTs within early childhood education programs.
Design and simulation of microfluidic device for the detection of HIV
Authors: Lagos-Sandoval José Arturo , Salazar-Zuñiga Jorge Eduardo , Berdugo-Romero Edwing Oswaldo 
Published: September 2021

This article presents a diagnostic device model, which by using chemical reagents and microfluidics that makes a sort of particle separation and was developed to diagnose an acquired viral immunodeficiency. The device allows to isolate leukocytes and apply a reagent that measures the presence or absence of this virus. The design on the other hand uses tools such as SolidWorks and Autodesk Simulation, which, with the rupture of the membranes and the separation of their components, allows the chemical reaction in the particles and the detection of the virus.
Based on the choice of particle analysis and validating the performance of the fluid maintained in the filter stage, which is represented by 5 flow lines, it shows the movement of 5 particles with the same diameter. Additionally, three tests were performed that varied the diameter of the particles to 5 μm, 10 μm and a larger diameter particle (15 μm). The results show that, with a diameter of 5 μm, the particles move smoothly and the filter can reach the next stage. The particles of 10 μm in diameter presented a normal blood flow, however, an obstruction in the particles of 15 μm in diameter can be observed.
Leach performance analysis varying the percentage of cluster head
Authors: Anzola-Anzola John Petearson , Jiménez-Álvarez Andrés Camilo , Tarazona-Bermúdez Giovanny Mauricio 
Published: September 2021

The LEACH protocol is a “standard” protocol used in the analysis and simulation of wireless sensor networks. This article analyzes the effect of varying parameter values in the LEACH protocol. In particular, the case of varying cluster head node assignments to , , and of the total nodes of the network. Specifically, it shows the energy effect of this variation and the corresponding data traffic analysis, showing simulation results that illustrate the behavior resulting from this variation by using an approach of time-division multiplexing on the clusters.
Finite skew braces with isomorphic non-abelian characteristically simple additive and circle groups
Authors: Tsang Cindy (Sin Yi) 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A skew brace is a triplet

(
A
,
⋅
,
∘
)

(A,{\cdot}\,,\circ)

, where

(
A
,
⋅
)

(A,{\cdot}\,)

and

(
A
,
∘
)

(A,\circ)

are groups such that the brace relation

x
∘

(

y
⋅
z

)

=

(

x
∘
y

)

⋅

x

-
1

⋅

(

x
∘
z

)

x\circ(y\cdot z)=(x\circ y)\cdot x^{-1}\cdot(x\circ z)

holds for all

x
,
y
,
z

∈
A

x,y,z\in A

.
In this paper, we study the number of finite skew braces

(
A
,
⋅
,
∘
)

(A,{\cdot}\,,\circ)

, up to isomorphism, such that

(
A
,
⋅
)

(A,{\cdot}\,)

and

(
A
,
∘
)

(A,\circ)

are both isomorphic to

T
n

T^{n}

with 𝑇 non-abelian simple and

n
∈
N

n\in\mathbb{N}

.
We prove that it is equal to the number of unlabeled directed graphs on

n
+
1

n+1

vertices, with one distinguished vertex, and whose underlying undirected graph is a tree.
In particular, it depends only on 𝑛 and is independent of 𝑇.
Cnksr2 Loss in Mice Leads to Increased Neural Activity and Behavioral Phenotypes of Epilepsy-Aphasia Syndrome
Authors: Erata Eda , Gao Yudong , Purkey Alicia M. , Soderblom Erik J. , McNamara James O. , Soderling Scott H. 
Published: September 2021

Epilepsy Aphasia Syndromes (EAS) are a spectrum of childhood epileptic, cognitive, and language disorders of unknown etiology.CNKSR2is a strong X-linked candidate gene implicated in EAS; however, there have been no studies of genetic models to dissect how its absence may lead to EAS. Here we develop a novelCnksr2KO mouse line and show that male mice exhibit increased neural activity and have spontaneous electrographic seizures.Cnksr2KO mice also display significantly increased anxiety, impaired learning and memory, and a progressive and dramatic loss of ultrasonic vocalizations. We find that Cnksr2 is expressed in cortical, striatal, and cerebellar regions and is localized at both excitatory and inhibitory postsynapses. Proteomics analysis reveals Cnksr2 anchors key binding partners at synapses, and its loss results in significant alterations of the synaptic proteome, including proteins implicated in epilepsy disorders. Our results validate that loss of CNKSR2 leads to EAS and highlights the roles of Cnksr2 in synaptic organization and neuronal network activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEpilepsy Aphasia Syndromes (EAS) are at the severe end of a spectrum of cognitive-behavioral symptoms seen in childhood epilepsies, and they remain an inadequately understood disorder. The prognosis of EAS is frequently poor, and patients have life-long language and cognitive disturbances. Here we describe a genetic mouse model of EAS, based on the KO of the EAS risk geneCnksr2. We show that these mice exhibit electrophysiological and behavioral phenotypes similar to those of patients, providing an important new model for future studies of EAS. We also provide insights into the molecular disturbances downstream of Cnksr2 loss by usingin vivoquantitative proteomics tools.
Does Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults in Motor Cortex Reflect Compensation?
Authors: Knights Ethan , Morcom Alexa M. , Henson Richard N. 
Published: September 2021

Older adults tend to display greater brain activation in the nondominant hemisphere during even basic sensorimotor responses. It is debated whether this hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults (HAROLD) reflects a compensatory mechanism. Across two independent fMRI experiments involving adult life span human samples (N= 586 andN= 81, approximately half female) who performed right-hand finger responses, we distinguished between these hypotheses using behavioral and multivariate Bayes (MVB) decoding approaches. Standard univariate analyses replicated a HAROLD pattern in motor cortex, but in and out of scanner behavioral results both demonstrated evidence against a compensatory relationship in that reaction time measures of task performance in older adults did not relate to ipsilateral motor activity. Likewise, MVB showed that this increased ipsilateral activity in older adults did not carry additional information, and if anything, combining ipsilateral with contralateral activity patterns reduced action decoding in older adults (at least in experiment 1). These results contradict the hypothesis that HAROLD is compensatory and instead suggest that the age-related ipsilateral hyperactivation is nonspecific, consistent with alternative hypotheses about age-related reductions in neural efficiency/differentiation or interhemispheric inhibition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA key goal in the cognitive neuroscience of aging is to provide a mechanistic explanation of how brain–behavior relationships change with age. One interpretation of the common finding that task-based hemispheric activity becomes more symmetrical in older adults is that this shift reflects a compensatory mechanism, with the nondominant hemisphere needing to help out with computations normally performed by the dominant hemisphere. Contrary to this view, our behavioral and brain data indicate that the additional activity in ipsilateral motor cortex in older adults is not reflective of better task performance nor better neural representations of finger actions.
FORMATION OF THE QUALITY OF UNFORTIFIED WINE MATERIALS OBTAINED FROM BLACK ELDERBERRIES
Authors: Tokar A. , Lytovchenko O. , Khareba V. , Matenchuk L. , Pobirchenko O. 
Published: September 2021

The use of local non-conventional raw materials will allow significantly enriching unfortified fruit wines with ascorbic acid and phenolic substances and make it possible to obtain products with increased biological value. The paper considers black elderberries grown in the forest steppe zone of Ukraine. It has been determined that they contain 12–13% of soluble solids, 6.9–8.1 of sugars, 0.93–1.2% of titratable acids, 33.4–53.1 mg/100 g of ascorbic acid, and 2331–3888 mg/100 g of phenolic substances. The pressing process and its dependence on the method of treating berries have been studied. It has been proved that juice extraction from black elderberries is the highest when they are pretreated with heat at 98±2°C for 3–5 minutes, with 15% of water added. Depending on the treatment method, juices retain ascorbic acid (15.8–33.4 mg/100 g) and phenolic substances (2538–3888 mg/100 g), which indicates their high biological value. Juices like these can be used to improve the biological composition of blended juices and wines. To ferment high-sugar black elderberry must, active dry yeast was used, namely the yeast races EC-1118 of the genus Saccharomyces bayanus (France) and ENSIS LE-1 or ENSIS LE-5 of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Spain). The musts were fermented for 36–62 days. The period of vigorous fermentation coincides with the period of initial fermentation and ends in 9–10 days, with accumulation of 12–14% of ethanol by volume. Unfortified wine materials obtained from black elderberries contain 22–38.3 mg/100 g of ascorbic acid (its content in wine materials is by 7.8–49.55% lower than in fresh berries) and 1750–3510 mg/100 g of phenolic substances (which is lower by 9.7–39.6%, as compared with fresh elderberries). The active acidity of black elderberry wine materials is 3.90–4.09 pH units, depending on the yeast race. A similar difference has been found for the redox potential (160–176 mV), which indicates that the wine materials from black elderberries are low-oxidised. The intensity of colour of the wine materials obtained from black elderberries (D420 + D520) varied from 3.08 to 3.20, and the colour shade from 0.88 to 0.92, which is typical of young red wines. These wine materials can be used to increase the quality and biological value of blended wines.
La justicia constitucional en la Unión Europea: la cuestión prejudicial, el ciudadano y el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea
Authors: Calahorro Augusto Aguilar 
Published: September 2021

Resumen
En este trabajo trataré de analizar algunos elementos esenciales del sistema de justicia constitucional de la UE. Los Tratados de la Unión Europea han configurado elementos jurisdiccionales de naturaleza supranacional que nos pueden permitir elaborar un discurso sobre justicia constitucional en la UE. Si analizamos el contenido de los Tratados de la UE observamos que existen elementos constitucionales suficientes para afirmar la creación de una Constitución material. Desde esta perspectiva, en el ámbito europeo se han desarrollado algunas técnicas jurisdiccionales de interrelación entre tribunales nacionales ordinarios, tribunales constitucionales y el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJ). De esta interrelación ha derivado el denominado “diálogo entre tribunales” que ha permitido la decantación de principios de carácter constitucional en el ordenamiento europeo (como los principios fundamentales de garantía y reconocimiento de los derechos fundamentales en la UE), y del que ha derivado el principal impulso a la constitucionalización de la Unión europea. Por ello, la metodología del Derecho constitucional europeo, sitúa en el centro de su estudio la relación entre tribunales nacionales y el TJ, el sistema jurisdiccional europeo, relación en la que la cuestión prejudicial tiene un papel fundamental.
Una aproximación al estudio del suicidio en Venezuela
Authors: Páez Silva Gustavo Alejandro , Trejo Yhimaina , Rondón Karina , Gulfo Nilsa 
Published: September 2021

Esta investigación ahonda en el conocimiento de los suicidios en Venezuela, país que vive una profunda crisis humanitaria, agravada desde el año 2014. Se plantean dos enfoques: uno cuantitativo y otro cualitativo. Mediante el primero, se estiman indicadores numéricos para analizar la ocurrencia y la frecuencia de suicidios en el país. Por medio del segundo, se llevan a cabo entrevistas a familiares de víctimas de hechos suicidas y a profesionales vinculados con el tema. Los resultados indican que la tasa de suicidios en Venezuela se incrementó entre 2015 y 2018, muy probablemente como consecuencia de la crisis que atraviesa la nación. Esto se refuerza con los hallazgos derivados de las entrevistas, de donde se extrae que el contexto nacional está presente como factor de riesgo interviniente y componente clave explicativo del probable aumento de los suicidios. La principal conclusión es que la crisis podría haber actuado como detonante de un cúmulo de sentimientos y pensamientos negativos, y de trastornos de depresión y ansiedad, los cuales, a su vez, podrían haber impulsado a venezolanos de distintas edades hacia actos suicidas.
Abstract
This research tries to deepen the knowledge of suicides in Venezuela, a country that experiences a deep humanitarian crisis, which has become worse since 2014. For this purpose, two approaches are proposed: a quantitative approach and a qualitative one. In the first one, numerical indicators are estimated in order to know, analyze and understand the incidence of the occurrence and frequency of suicides in the country. Through the second approach, interviews to relatives of victims of suicide and with professionals related to the topic are carried out. The results indicate that the suicide rate in Venezuela increased between 2015 and 2018, most probably as a consequence of the crisis the nation is going through. This conclusion is reinforced with the findings derived from the interviews from which it is deduced that the national context was present as an intervening risk factor and as a key explanatory component of the probable increase in suicide figures. The main conclusion is that the crisis could have acted as a triggering factor for an accumulation of negative feelings and thoughts, and for disorders of depression and anxiety, which, in turn, could have driven Venezuelans of different ages towards suicidal acts.
COMPREHENDING COVID-19: IMMUNOPATHOGENIC MECHANISMS OF CYTOKINE ACTION
Authors: AKANBONG Elisha , DEVRİM Alparslan Kadir , ŞENOL Ali , DEVRİM Tuba 
Published: September 2021

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or cytokine storm is
as a result of the excess production of pro-inflammatory
cytokines which is due to the disproportionate response
of the immune system which can be instigated by
SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 which is caused by SARSCoV-
2 has a correlation with cytokines. SARSCoV-
2 instigates the production of IL-1 by ubiquitous
macrophages and mast cells. IL-1 tends to influence
the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. The progression
of COVID-19 severity influences the level of certain
cytokines such as IL-6. IL-6 is the cytokine chiefly
responsible for the occurrence of CRS. CRS is the
cause of COVID-19-related complications and the
main cause of COVID-19-related deaths. Despite the
data reported in the literature so far, the relationship
between SARS-CoV-2 and cytokines has not been fully
elucidated. The aim of the present review is to examine
the relationship in question. Targeting cytokines during
COVID-19 treatment has the potential to increase
patient survival and reduce COVID-19-related deaths.
It is concluded that focusing on the mechanisms of
cytokine release and the effects of released cytokines,
especially examining the effects on T lymphocytes
and IFN-γ production in COVID-19 disease, may help
reduce the lethal effects of the disease.
Isolation and well-being in the time of lockdown
Authors: Bourdeau Lepage Lise , Kotosz Balázs 
Published: September 2021

In response to the Covid‑19 health crisis, the French government has imposed various measures, referred to as social-distancing measures, including a lockdown with the primary objective of reducing face-to-face interactions between people in order to limit the spread of the virus. This paper seeks to determine if the social-distancing measures and lockdown lead to social isolation for certain people and have an impact on French people’s well-being. First, it reveals that the feelings of social isolation have substantially increased in France during this lockdown. Second, it explores the factors that help to explain these changes by developing a predictive model and reveals that living alone, being a woman, being young are factors that explain this increase in felling of social isolation. Third, the estimation of the effects of changes in feelings of social isolation on changes in the reported level of well-being of French respondents during lockdown shows that people who reported feeling more socially isolated than others has the lowest levels of well-being among the French population; and that the increase in people’s feelings of social isolation during lockdown is a factor that has a negative impact on their level of well-being.