bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paracetamol toxicity in mild overdose in combination with opioids: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Amer Halima , Archer John R. H. , Layne Kerry , Dines Alison M. , Wood David M. , Greene Shaun L. , Dargan Paul I. 
Published: September 2021

AimsToxicity in paracetamol overdose with opioid co‐ingestion is poorly understood. We compared outcomes in both paracetamol‐only and paracetamol–opioid overdoses to determine whether toxicity differed significantly between the groups, and to assess the utility of the ratio of measured plasma paracetamol concentration relative to the 4‐hour nomogram‐adjusted level (APAPpl/APAPt).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of all patients (n = 1159) presenting to 2 large UK hospitals between 2005 and 2013 with acute single‐dose ingestion paracetamol overdose, with (n = 221) or without (n = 938) opioid co‐ingestion. Adverse outcomes included biomarkers of hepatotoxicity and the need for extended treatment. Several outcomes were assessed in relation to the APAPpl/APAPt ratio.ResultsMedian ingested dose of paracetamol was low in both groups (10 g). Statistical comparison of the median APAPpl/APAPt ratios showed a significant difference (0.65 vs. 0.56 for the paracetamol‐only and paracetamol–opioid groups respectively, P = .0329). Although there was a trend towards a lower risk of predefined toxic outcomes with opioid co‐ingestion, statistical analysis did not show a significant difference, with outcomes for the paracetamol‐only and paracetamol–opioid groups including the following: alanine transaminase >2× upper limit of normal, 7.7 vs. 5.7% (P = .6480); alanine transaminase >1000 IU/L, 2.4 vs. 0% (P = .2145); international normalised ratio > 1.3, 8.6 vs. 4.4% (P = .2774); and transfer to tertiary liver unit, 0.2 vs. 0% (P nonsignificant).ConclusionOur study does not support a change in current clinical practise beyond standard testing at 4 hours or longer post ingestion for mixed low dose paracetamol–opioid overdose.
Founder CEOs, personal incentives, and corporate social irresponsibility
Authors: Zhong Xi , Ren Liuyang , Ren Ge 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study integrates organizational identity (OI) theory and upper echelons theory to explore the impact of CEOs’ founder status on corporate social irresponsibility (CSI). We theorize that compared with other CEOs, a founder CEO is more likely to generate a high degree of OI with the firm, which will drive the founder CEO to actively avoid CSI that may damage the positive image and long‐term development of the firm. Furthermore, we argue that CEO duality and CEO ownership will strengthen the aforementioned relationship by increasing the possibility of founder CEOs generating a high degree of OI. Conversely, CEO underpayment will weaken the relationship between founder status and CSI by decreasing the possibility of founder CEOs generating a high degree of OI. We obtained empirical evidence in support of our arguments from a large Chinese private listed company dataset. Overall, this study’s theory and evidence clearly show that founder status and personal incentives can jointly shape CEOs’ CSI decisions, thereby providing useful insights for corporate shareholders and government agencies to better prevent and govern firms’ CSI.
Adrenocortical and psychosocial responses of families in Jordan to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hastings Paul D. , Partington Lindsey C. , Dajani Rana , von Suchodoletz Antje 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study of 52 predominantly lower income Jordanian and Syrian families with young children (31 girls; Mage = 53.37 months, SD = 3.53) in Jordan began in 2019, before the pandemic. Families were followed to explore stress physiology, family functioning, and mental health over the first 9 months of the pandemic. Mothers reported less adaptive coping and more negative changes to family life in June 2020 when their children had poorer behavioral self‐regulation and more behavior problems, and when families had lower income, in 2019. More negative changes to family life predicted greater hair cortisol concentrations in children in June 2020, and more negative changes and less adaptive coping predicted worse child and mother psychosocial adjustment in December 2020.
A pilot investigation of e‐cigarette use and smoking behaviour among patients with chronic airway disease or respiratory symptoms
Authors: Kang Hye Seon , Jung Jae Woo , Park Hye Jung , Park Dong Il , Park Jong Sook , Park Joo Hun , Lee Sang Haak , Chun Eun Mi , Kim Jae Yeol , Choi Hye Sook ,   Korean Smoking Cessation Study Group
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis pilot study aimed to investigate the current status of e‐cigarettes (ECs) use patterns among patients with chronic airway disease or chronic respiratory symptoms and the effects of ECs use on respiratory and mental health.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted at the outpatient clinic of eight teaching hospitals in South Korea between November 2019 and December 2019. All adult ECs users (19 years and above) who visited the outpatient clinic as a patient with chronic airway disease or chronic respiratory symptoms were eligible to participate in this study.ResultsA total of 51 subjects responded to the survey. Most of the participants were male (92.2%) and the mean age was 41.8 years. Dominant airway diseases were asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most of the subjects had a history of cigarette smoking, and 19 subjects were dual users of current cigarettes and ECs. Most of the subjects started ECs use due to health‐related reasons. When comparing exclusive ECs users and dual users, St. George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) scores, the proportion of cases with moderate to severe depressive symptoms, and average Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence scores for ECs were higher in dual users than exclusive ECs users (mean 4.64 vs. 2.38, p = 0.006), respectively.ConclusionMost of the subjects started ECs use due to health concerns, but dual users have more respiratory symptoms and higher nicotine dependence in this pilot study. One hypothesis that comes from these results is that greater nicotine dependence may influence behaviours, habits, and views about ECs. These preliminary observations need confirmation in a large cohort.
Satisfactory treatment of mucocutaneous lesions in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients with dual pulsed dye laser and neodymium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet
Authors: Cubiró Xavier , Garcia‐Melendo Cristina , Morales‐Munera Caridad Elena , Roé‐Crespo Esther , Riera‐Mestre Antoni , Mora‐Luján José María , Iriarte Adriana , Puig Lluís , Baselga Eulàlia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by telangiectasia and larger arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in different organs. Mucocutaneous telangiectasia can bleed and cause stigmatization, but the best treatment approach has not been defined yet. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dual pulsed dye laser and neodymium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet (PDL‐Nd:YAG) laser treatment for mucocutaneous telangiectasia in HHT patients. It is a retrospective case series, where clinical files of all HHT patients treated with PDL‐Nd:YAG laser at our Department between December 2010 and July 2019 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics were recorded. The severity and degree of improvement were evaluated by three blinded examiners scoring pretreatment and posttreatment pictures on a 5‐point scale. Patient satisfaction and procedure pain were assessed using an ordinal scale (0–10). Forty‐three treatment areas from 26 patients were analyzed. Lesions were predominantly located on the lower lip and cheeks. The median number of laser sessions per patient was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 2–4). The median global severity score at baseline was 2 and became 0 at endpoint (p < 0.0001), with a median improvement rate of 4 (IQR 3–4). All patients reported a high degree of satisfaction (median 9) and tolerable pain (median 5). In conclusion, dual PDL‐Nd: YAG laser is a convenient, safe, and effective treatment option for mucocutaneous telangiectasia in HHT patients.
Optogenetic stimulation of VIPergic SCN neurons induces photoperiodic‐like changes in the mammalian circadian clock
Authors: Tackenberg Michael C. , Hughey Jacob J. , McMahon Douglas G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCircadian clocks play key roles in how organisms respond to and even anticipate seasonal change in day length, or photoperiod. In mammals, photoperiod is encoded by the central circadian pacemaker in the brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The subpopulation of SCN neurons that secrete the neuropeptide VIP mediates the transmission of light information within the SCN neural network, suggesting a role for these neurons in circadian plasticity in response to light information that has yet to be directly tested. Here, we used in vivo optogenetic stimulation of VIPergic SCN neurons followed by ex vivo PERIOD 2::LUCIFERASE (PER2::LUC) bioluminescent imaging to test whether activation of this SCN neuron subpopulation can induce SCN network changes that are hallmarks of photoperiodic encoding. We found that optogenetic stimulation designed to mimic a long photoperiod indeed altered subsequent SCN entrained phase, increased the phase dispersal of PER2 rhythms within the SCN network, and shortened SCN free‐running period—similar to the effects of a true extension of photoperiod. Optogenetic stimulation also induced analogous changes on related aspects of locomotor behaviour in vivo. Thus, selective activation of VIPergic SCN neurons induces photoperiodic network plasticity in the SCN that underpins photoperiodic entrainment of behaviour.
Perception and self‐awareness in Merleau‐Ponty and Martin
Authors: Suarez David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMerleau‐Ponty suggests that to perceive is to be “geared into” the world. In perceiving, we are related to a temporally structured modal space of bodily possibilities that is co‐constituted by the body and the world. When we perceive, we are “geared into” this structure and responsive to it; when we misperceive, we are not. In misperceiving, we are unaware of our failure to be geared into the world, and in this respect, we lack awareness of what we are doing. In explaining misperception via this lack of self‐awareness, Merleau‐Ponty anticipates a key feature of M. G. F. Martin's epistemic disjunctivism: the idea that perceptions and misperceptions can be indiscriminable because of a self‐awareness we lack, rather than a set of positive phenomenal features that two experiences share. However, because Merleau‐Ponty's account of self‐awareness imposes relatively few cognitive demands, he is able to explain how adults, infants, and dogs can be self‐aware in the same sense, and how they can fail to discriminate between their experiences in the same way. This provides Merleau‐Ponty with the resources to answer Susanna Siegel's objection to epistemic disjunctivism on the basis of “cognitively unsophisticated hallucinators.”
Features of intracranial interictal epileptiform discharges associated with memory encoding
Authors: Quon Robert J. , Camp Edward J. , Meisenhelter Stephen , Song Yinchen , Steimel Sarah A. , Testorf Markus E. , Andrew Angeline S. , Gross Robert E. , Lega Bradley C. , Sperling Michael R. , Kahana Michael J. , Jobst Barbara C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveInterictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were shown to be associated with cognitive impairment in persons with epilepsy. Previous studies indicated that IED rate, location, timing, and spatial relation to the seizure onset zone could predict an IED's impact on memory encoding and retrieval if they occurred in lateral temporal, mesial temporal, or parietal regions. In this study, we explore the influence that other IED properties (e.g., amplitude, duration, white matter classification) have on memory performance. We were specifically interested in investigating the influence that lateral temporal IEDs have on memory encoding.MethodsTwo hundred sixty‐one subjects with medication‐refractory epilepsy undergoing intracranial electroencephalographic monitoring performed multiple sessions of a delayed free‐recall task (n = 671). Generalized linear mixed models were utilized to examine the relationship between IED properties and memory performance.ResultsWe found that increased IED rate, IEDs propagating in white matter, and IEDs localized to the left middle temporal region were associated with poorer memory performance. For lateral temporal IEDs, we observed a significant interaction between IED white matter categorization and amplitude, where IEDs with an increased amplitude and white matter propagation were associated with reduced memory performance. Additionally, changes in alpha power after an IED showed a significant positive correlation with memory performance.SignificanceOur results suggest that IED properties may be useful for predicting the impact an IED has on memory encoding. We provide an essential step toward understanding pathological versus potentially beneficial interictal epileptiform activity.
Autism diagnosis via correlation between vectors of direct quadrature instantaneous frequency of EEG analytic normalized intrinsic mode functions
Authors: Abdulhay Enas , Alafeef Maha , Hadoush Hikmat , N Arunkumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that commences usually in the early years of age. It impacts the social interaction, communication and learning. It is believed that it is mainly caused by an abnormal connectivity between brain zones. The presented work applies an EEG‐based nonlinear method for the classification of ASD and neuro‐typical groups. The suggested procedure does not require pre‐assumptions and is completely data‐driven. Also, the main advantage is the accurate tracking of the pace of EEG activity without the effect of amplitude modulation on the spectral information. In addition, the tracking is conducted point‐by‐point to avoid shortcomings of inexact global features. First, for every (ASD or neuro‐typical) volunteer, the recorded EEG channels (64 channels) are decomposed by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in order to get the underlying components (intrinsic mode functions—IMFs). Second, the direct quadrature (DQ) method is used to normalize the IMFs, and to dissociate between amplitude and frequency contents of the resulted components, as well as to help extract then the point‐by‐point spectral information from the analytic normalized IMFs by Hilbert transform. Third, the correlation coefficients between the instantaneous frequency vectors of the counterpart components will be computed over all channels (i.e., between components number ‘i’ of channels ‘x’ and ‘y’, 1 < i < number of components, 1 < x < 64, 1 < y < 64). Fourth, correlation coefficients array is constructed. Fifth, the dimension of the feature array is reduced without loss of significant information. Sixth, classification of reduced features is achieved via neural network. Finally, the statistical assessment of the classification outcome is conducted. The proposed method yields a test accuracy of 94.1%–100%.
ZomB is essential for chemotaxis of Vibrio alginolyticus by the rotational direction control of the polar flagellar motor
Authors: Takekawa Norihiro , Nishikino Tatsuro , Hori Kiyoshiro , Kojima Seiji , Imada Katsumi , Homma Michio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBacteria exhibit chemotaxis by controlling flagellar rotation to move toward preferred places or away from nonpreferred places. The change in rotation is triggered by the binding of the chemotaxis signaling protein CheY‐phosphate (CheY‐P) to the C‐ring in the flagellar motor. Some specific bacteria, including Vibrio spp. and Shewanella spp., have a single transmembrane protein called ZomB. ZomB is essential for controlling the flagellar rotational direction in Shewanella putrefaciens and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In this study, we confirmed that the zomB deletion results only in the counterclockwise (CCW) rotation of the motor in Vibrio alginolyticus as previously reported in other bacteria. We found that ZomB is not required for a clockwise‐locked phenotype caused by mutations in fliG and fliM, and that ZomB is essential for CW rotation induced by overproduction of CheY‐P. Purified ZomB proteins form multimers, suggesting that ZomB may function as a homo‐oligomer. These observations imply that ZomB interacts with protein(s) involved in either flagellar motor rotation, chemotaxis, or both. We provide the evidence that ZomB is a new player in chemotaxis and is required for the rotational control in addition to CheY in Vibrio alginolyticus.
How is carious pulp exposure and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis managed in UK primary dental care?
Authors: Edwards David , Bailey Oliver , Stone Simon J. , Duncan Hal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate attitudes and approaches of UK primary care dentists to carrying out vital pulp treatment (VPT) after carious exposure and with additional signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis.MethodologyAn electronic questionnaire was openly distributed via publicly funded (NHS) local dental committees, corporate dental service‐providers, professional societies and social media. Principally NHS practitioners and those from mixed and private practice were targeted, in addition to community and military dental officers, and dental therapists. Participants were asked questions relating to several clinical scenarios, with responses analysed using descriptive statistics. χ2 tests with sequential Bonferroni correction were used to explore variables including the method of remuneration, practitioner type (dentist/therapist), postgraduate qualification(s), place of graduation and years since qualification. Variables with a relationship p ≤ .2 were selected for backwards likelihood ratio logistic modelling.ResultsIn total, 648 primary care practitioners were included for analysis. Calcium hydroxide (CH) was most frequently used for direct pulp caps (DPCs) (398/600; 66.3%) with calcium silicate cements (CSCs) less frequently used (119/600; 19.8%). Rubber dam was used by 222/599 (37.1%) practitioners. A definitive pulpotomy for the management of teeth with signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis was selected by 65/613 (10.6%) dentists. The principal barrier for the provision of definitive pulpotomies was a lack of training (602/612; 98.4%). Regression analysis identified NHS practitioners as a good predictor for using CH for DPCs, having shorter emergency appointments, limited access to magnification and not using rubber dam. Non‐UK graduates were more likely to select CSCs, appropriately control pulpal haemorrhage, undertake appropriate postoperative evaluation and use rubber dam.ConclusionsPractitioners deviated from evidence‐based guidelines in a number of aspects including material selection, asepsis and case selection. A number of other challenges exist in primary care in providing predictable VPTs, including lack of time and access to magnification. These were most evident in NHS practice, potentially exacerbating existing social health inequalities. Possible inconsistencies in the UK undergraduate curriculum were supported by a lack of association between years since qualification and technique employed as well as the fact that non‐UK graduates and dentists with postgraduate qualifications adhered more to evidence‐based VPT guidelines.
Remain or return? Return migration intentions of Brazilian immigrants in Japan
Authors: Chitose Yoshimi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to explore the factors associated with the return intentions of Brazilians in Japan. It examines hypotheses drawn from two economic perspectives of migration, neoclassical economics (NE) and the New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM) using survey data obtained from the Shizuoka Prefecture. The degree of sociocultural integration and immigrants’ ties to Brazil and Japan are also considered. The findings support both NE and NELM, suggesting that Brazilian immigrants in Japan are a diverse group, differing substantially in their migration motivations and family strategies. However, one‐third of immigrants are undecided about whether to stay or return. In the future, the number of intended stayers is expected to increase as schooling in Japan is one of the strongest determinants of intention to stay. Future research should focus on the transitions of immigrants’ return intentions, as the indecisiveness may exert a negative impact on immigrant children's integration.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the characteristics and outcomes of readmitted COVID‐19 survivors
Authors: Subramaniam Ashwin , Lim Zheng Jie , Ponnapa Reddy Mallikarjuna , Shekar Kiran 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to investigate the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of patients who were readmitted to hospital emergency departments or required re‐hospitalisation following an index hospitalisation with a diagnosis of COVID‐19. A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE and pre‐print websites was conducted between 1 January and 31 December 2020. Studies reporting on the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 who represent or require hospital admission were included. Two authors independently performed study selection and data extraction. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus or through an independent third reviewer. Data were synthesised according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. Six studies reporting on 547 readmitted patients were included. The overall incidence was 4.4%, most common in males (57.2%), and due to respiratory distress or prolonged COVID‐19. Readmitted patients had a shorter initial hospital length of stay (LOS) compared with those with a single hospitalisation (8.1 ± 10.6 vs 13.9 ± 10.2 days). The mean time to readmission was 7.6 ± 6.0 days; the mean LOS on re‐hospitalisation was 6.3 ± 5.6 days. Hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 2.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69–2.55; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.38–2.27; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%) and chronic renal failure (OR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.09–5.14; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%) were more common in these patients. Intensive care admission rates were similar between the two groups; 12.8% (22/172) of readmitted patients died. In summary, readmitted patients following an index hospitalisation for COVID‐19 were more commonly males with multiple comorbidities. Shorter initial hospital LOS and unresolved primary illness may have contributed to readmission.