bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phased city air quality management approach for faster clean air progress
Authors: Pun V , Mehta S , Kusuma R , Kass D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Clean air is a basic human right, yet over 90% of people are exposed to unhealthy levels of pollution, resulting in over 5 million deaths each year. The burden of air pollution is the greatest in densely populated cities; and will continue to grow without rapid and aggressive action to reduce pollution emissions. Air pollution is associated with chronic illnesses, including diabetes and heart and lung diseases, which can make people more susceptible to COVID-19. Local governments must prioritise feasible and scalable proven solutions and innovations in their jurisdictions to control local emissions in the near term while engaging advocacy and cooperation for regional and national actions to improve air quality over the long term. Vital Strategies' Accelerating City Progress on Clean Air: Innovation and Action Guide (the Guide) is an evidence-based, pragmatic playbook for helping city governments develop comprehensive air quality management systems to rapidly promote clean air for health. This talk will summarise the pragmatic step-by-step approach laid out in the Guide, and describe progress underway in Jakarta, Indonesia, where this guidance is being implemented to strengthen the city's clean air plan. Strategies to be discussed will include: innovations to improve data on air pollution levels and sources, health impact analyses using local data and policy implications; improved data transparency and communication on air quality issues; and the intersectoral approach and coordination being undertaken to accelerate and sustain clean air action.
Reducing deaths and injuries in cities around the world through a city multi-sector comprehensive approach
Authors: Ratte S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Road traffic crashes kill over 1.35 million people worldwide and injure up to 50 million people. They are the leading cause of death among the young. City governments, in conjunction with national governmental agencies, are critical to reducing road traffic deaths. Cities are well placed to demonstrate effective implementation of evidence-based interventions and catalyse national action. Proven road safety strategies include: → enforcing road safety laws on speeding, drink driving, motorcycle helmets and seat-belts → designing and building safer roads → managing speed effectively → implementing transportation systems to make urban mobility safer → promoting safe driving and building public support for road safety via communication campaigns → using data from high-quality monitoring and evaluation systems for policy and planning. This presentation will highlight the successes and challenges in some selected cities participating in the Bloomberg Philanthropies Initiative for Global Road Safety and share lessons learned in the implementation of a multi sector evidence-based comprehensive approach at city level.
Health Status of internally displaced persons in Georgia and Ukraine
Authors: Metreveli T , Antia Kh , Lobjanidze M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are a vulnerable groups of population in Eastern European countries, such as Georgia and Ukraine. As of 2019, according to the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine, there are 1,355,375 IDPs in Ukraine. The number of IDPs in Georgia today is 273,411. After leaving the shelter, IDPs must deal with various obstacles. However, the health status of this vulnerable group, their access to health services and their needs have not been properly addressed in these countries. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the mental health outcomes, and to evaluate the access to the health services among IDPs in Georgia and Ukraine.

Methods
The study follows the principles of PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. We used following databases for searching relevant literature on mental health outcomes: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and PsychINFO. We additionally searched national policy documents from the ministries, local journals in Georgia and Ukraine, and a grey literature.

Results
773 results obtained from selected scientific databases were screened against exclusion criteria. We included 15 studies in final analysis, 9 examined the health status of IDPs in Georgia, and 6 in Ukraine. We found that majority of the IDPs are women and children, among whom, the largest share on mental disorders comes from women. In general, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and sleeping disorders and alcohol dependence were the most frequently examined mental health outcomes among IDPs in both countries. Included studies showed 43% less mental health service usage among alcohol users when compared to non-alcohol users in Ukraine and Georgia.

Conclusions
Despite the increased need, the study found that IDPs are facing barriers to access health care, especially mental health services are limited. This further worsens health outcomes, such as PTSD and anxiety disorders.

Key messages
IDPs in Georgia and Ukraine need better access to mental health services, such as health insurance coverage, mental health screening services and effective referral system. Primary health care providers are encouraged to provide comprehensive information to IDPs on where and how they can get health services.
Defining the commercial determinants of health after COVID-19
Authors: Glover RE , Petticrew MP 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Commercial Determinants of Health (CDoH) and related terms such as ‘Corporate Determinants of Health' have in recent years been applied to the tactics and strategies of corporations that may lead to morbidity and mortality due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). But the field is at an inflection point. COVID-19 is an infectious disease, and commercial actions that increase COVID-19-related morbidity would typically fall outside CDoH definitions. We therefore felt it was timely to review and analyse the heterogeneity present in this field, and recommend a unified definition of CDoH.

Methods
We conducted a rapid literature review. We catalogued and analysed the current terms and industries in the academic literature related to CDoH. We mapped the field using a Sankey diagram, which shows the connections between pre-defined nodes. In this case, the nodes are: the terms (e.g. CDoH) and associated sectors (e.g. tobacco, alcohol, or unhealthy foods). We then analysed the definitions using a conceptual framework we developed.

Results
We screened and included 122 full text articles. Our Sankey diagram demonstrated that ‘commercial determinants of health' is superseding ‘corporate determinants of health' and all other terms as the most common terminology in this field over time. Furthermore, our conceptual framework and analysis demonstrated that the choice of definition has significance for which industries and activities fall within the scope of CDoH research.

Conclusions
Narrow definitions of CDoH pose a challenge to equity. As the field of CDoH develops, definitions - and the research that flows from them - need to more consistently consider a wider range of both NCDs and IDs, not least to avoid the existing structural inequities in research. A narrow focus on NCDs may skew policy solutions toward those which are most relevant to NCDs and higher income populations.

Key messages
Researchers in commercial determinants of health(CDoH) have previously called for clarity on the appropriate definition of CDoH in this nascent field, which we provide in our research. We used mixed analytical methods (including literature review, Sankey diagrams, and conceptual frameworks) to develop the field of CDoH research for a post-COVID-19 world.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on violence against women: an environmental study from Turkey
Authors: Taneri PE 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Numerous reports suggest that COVID-19 escalated domestic violence globally. Turkish Medical Association and various non-governmental organizations drew attention to the increased violence against women however there is no study in the literature which shows the changes in domestic violence by nationwide data from Turkey. This study aims to investigate the possible association between violence against women and dynamics of the pandemic.

Methods
The official website of Turkish Ministry of Health (TMH) was used to maintain the data for weekly number of deaths and new cases of COVID-19 from April 5th 2020 to April 5th 2021. Most updated and accurate reporting of new COVID-19 cases which TMH started to share after November 25th 2020 was chosen for this study. KADES is a smartphone application for women to seek emergency help in case of a domestic violence and created by Turkish Ministry of Internal Affairs in 2018. Weekly use of the terms ‘KADES' and ‘KADES indir' (tr. download KADES) in Turkey were obtained from Google Trends (April 5th 2020- April 5th 2021). Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the possible associations.

Results
There were moderate-strong correlations between KADES searches and new COVID-19 cases (ρ = 0.692, p-value= 0.001) and deaths from COVID-19 (ρ = 0.521, p-value= 0.000). Strong correlations were found for the association between ‘download KADES' searches and new COVID-19 cases (ρ = 0.640, p-value= 0.003) and deaths from COVID-19 (ρ = 0.629, p-value= 0.000).

Conclusions
During pandemic, Turkish government tightened COVID-19 restrictions when there was a major incline in the outbreak curve. The results of this study suggest the possibility of increased violence against women in those times. Recently, Turkey pulled out from Istanbul Convention which is a comprehensive legal framework about violence against women. Policy makers should urgently turn back from this decision and provide the safety of the women in Turkey.

Key messages
Findings of this study suggest a possible increased help-seeking behavior regarding violence among Turkish women during COVID-19 restrictions. Urgent legislations and suitable practices are needed for preventing and combating violence against women during pandemics.
Factors associated with motivation to avoid meeting family and friends during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Goes AR , Soares P , Moniz M , Gama A , Pedro AR , Laires P , Dias S , Nunes C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The widespread adherence to behaviours that prevent the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus depends on human will. There is a paucity of research on the factors that influence adherence to social distancing. Available research suggests that it varies with the specific behaviour and that reducing contact with family and friends is the hardest one. This study aims to identify factors associated with motivation to avoid meeting with family and friends during the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal.

Methods
We used data from a community-based survey, “COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion”, which includes sociodemographics, psychosocial variables, and subjective health and wellbeing indicators from 20th February to 19th March 2021. We included 1336 participants who answered the question “To what extent is it easy for you to avoid visiting family and friends?”. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with difficulty to avoid visiting family and friends.

Results
Preliminary data shows that 38.4% (513) had difficulties avoiding meeting with family and friends. Those with greater difficulty were the ones who have less education, higher negative emotionality, do not work remotely, have more difficulties to stay home and practice physical distancing and consider the Government's measures inadequate. Contrarily, those who have less difficulty avoiding visiting friends and family are older and have low risk perception of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusions
This study suggests higher difficulty in avoiding visiting friends and family for those whose routines demand not staying at home, with low agreement with Government measures, and struggle with higher negative emotionality, confirming the personal costs of these behaviours and the importance of habits. Older people had less difficulty, suggesting that these measures may be closer to their usual routines. Interventions should consider the specificities of social interaction.

Key messages
Social distancing comes at an enormous cost to people's livelihoods and it also depends on people living circumstances. Interventions to improve adherence to social distancing should consider the specificity of social interaction and the potential dissonance created by the overall routines.
Local public health professionals contribution to infodemic management
Authors: Vital Brito D , Miranda D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The digital age we currently live in is characterized by an overwhelming production of information by multiple users. This is particularly relevant in public health areas, where inaccurate information can be a threat to populations' wellbeing. The internet became a field where anyone can produce non validated health information and spread rumors that can drive vaccine hesitancy, non compliance with public health measures and use of ineffective treatments, among other consequences highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health professionals must be aware of such relevant concepts, the cognitive theories that support them and the strategies that can be used to monitor, identify, prevent and tackle the spread of health misinformation. However, such an approach should involve not only public health professionals but also journalists, data scientists, social marketeers and behavioural change experts involved in different organizations. Infodemic management is a recent area of research and practice that requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary capacity building approach focusing behavioural change theories, digital technologies and social media, and community engagement strategies among others. This presentation will provide a brief introduction on main infodemic concepts and cognitive theories, show how infodemic management can overlap common epidemic management and highlight monitoring and social listening strategies and relevant interventions to prevent and tackle misinformation.
Photovoice as a research, advocacy, and harmonization tool for refugee and local youth in Turkey
Authors: Karadag Caman O , Ceyhan DI , Sumbuloglu I , Karabey S , Ben Amor Y 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Turkey has millions of refugee and local youth, who share common youth health problems. As part of the REACH Project, this study aimed to assess youth's access to health information, health care, and healthy environments, in addition to their perspectives on using digital health technologies.

Methods
We used photovoice, a community based participatory research approach, and worked with 4 mixed (refugee and local) youth groups between the ages of 15 to 24 in Istanbul. Each youth group met with the research team and a professional photographer before data collection. Young people then took photos of barriers and facilitators regarding their access to health information, health care, and digital health technologies, in addition to their health problems. This was followed by focus group-like discussions, where young people discussed the photos and their meanings for them. Content analysis was used for data analysis and findings were shared with stakeholders via photo exhibits, panels, and policy briefs for advocacy purposes. The study was funded by TaiwanICDF and Columbia University.

Results
Findings showed that youth had a wide range of physical, social and mental health problems coupled with problems in accessing health information and youth-friendly services. Problems with social determinants of health were more prominent for refugees. Although youth often used the internet to access information, their experiences with digital health technologies were very limited.

Conclusions
Our study findings indicated that despite legal rights to access health care for all youth, refugee youth faced more barriers in accessing information and services. On the other hand, refugee and local youth showed similarities regarding common youth health problems and access to youth-friendly services. The photovoice approach enabled active participation and created a shared environment for refugee and local youth to discuss their mutual problems and understand each other.

Key messages
Photography is a communication tool that acts as a bridge between participants, researchers, and decision makers. Photovoice, as a participatory approach, creates a learning environment for both participants and researchers.
Using daily objects as material primes of valorisation and control in psychiatric facilities
Authors: Rehn J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As part of the built environment objects and interior design features can affect thoughts, emotions and behaviour in various ways. Referring to the concept of material and conceptual priming (Kay et al., 2004; Berger & Fitzsimons, 2008), these objects can provoke associations and by that subconsciously activate mental concepts which influence emotional states, judgements and subsequent behaviours. In many healthcare facilities, the formal-aesthetic design of the built environment visually conveys the concept of institutionalisation through clinical and sterile styles, impersonal and standardised configurations and a lack of individualisation. This applies in particular to the setting of psychiatric facilities in which from a clinical point of view sterile and impersonal aesthetics are not required and might even be detrimental to the therapeutic processes. However, there is reason to believe that the use of everyday objects can support therapeutic processes and thus be seen as an element of psychosocially supportive design (Ulrich, 1997) in two ways. Firstly, everyday objects derived from domestic contexts refer to aesthetics that are contrary to the concept of institutionalisation. Instead by communicating features of comfort and subtle luxury they might activate the mental concept of valorisation which can be seen as an important resource in therapeutic settings that strengthens commitment and trusts. Secondly, offering choice of a variety of everyday objects in psychiatric settings enables patients to exert control in a context that otherwise is characterised by total loss of control. This increased sense of control is an important part of Antonovsky's sense of coherence (1979) and a valuable asset for recovery and empowerment of psychiatric patients.
Health Service Experiences of the Foreign Origin SGMs in Finland: An Intersectional Analysis
Authors: Czimbalmos M , Nykänen S , Yüksel H , Rask S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The size of the sexual and gender minority (SGM) population in Finland is estimated to be between 5 and 15 per cent of the total Finnish population. In the 2019 School Health Promotion Survey, approximately 7-8 per cent of participants who identified as belonging to sexual or gender minorities, also identified as being of foreign origin. Research on the experiences of individuals who belong to sexual and/or gender minorities and also identify as members of the foreign origin population in Finland is, however, limited.

Methods
Qualitative data on SGMs among foreign origin populations were collected by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare as a part of the Manifold More project. The data collection was implemented through a participatory approach. Semi-structured interviews (n = 40) with the members of the target population and focus group interviews (n = 8) with organizations and projects that work to support the target population were collected. The data was gathered and analyzed with an intersectional approach. Through the analysis, the experiences of sexual and gender minorities who also identify as members of the foreign origin population in Finland were explored.

Results
The preliminary results suggest that professionals of health and well-being services often lack an intersectional understanding and LGBTQI+ specific matters in their work. This often generates discriminative and detrimental situations when the target population is using health and well-being services.

Conclusions
There is a growing need for examining the health disparities among the diverse group of SGMs and incorporate an intersectional understanding to the services of health and wellbeing professionals.

Key messages
Health professionals need to pay specific attention to LGBTQI+ specific matters. It is necessary to incorporate intersectionality in health to services of health and wellbeing.
Socioeconomic disparities in growth trajectories of Chinese children and adolescents during 1991-2015
Authors: Gao M , Wells J , Li L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Backgrounds
Socioeconomic (SEP) disparities in growth of children from low-/middle-income countries are not well understood, especially in countries experiencing rapid economic growth. We investigated how SEP disparities in child growth in China have changed over time.

Methods
Using the longitudinal data of 5,118 children and adolescents (7-18y) from China Health and Nutrition Survey (10 sweeps, 1991-2015), we derived four cohorts born in 1981-95, 1986-90, 1991-95, 1996-2000. We applied random-effects fractional polynomial models to estimate mean height and BMI trajectories for each gender separately, by socioeconomic position (SEP) for each cohort. SEP disparities were estimated as differences between high and low SEP groups (by community-level urbanization index, household income/capita, parental education, and occupational class). We also examined whether SEP disparities in nutritional status (stunting, thinness, overweight/obesity) have changed over time.

Results
Mean height and BMI increased across cohorts, with differences being greatest in adolescence. The increasing trend for height was similar in high and low SEP groups, thus positive SEP differences in mean height persisted across cohorts (e.g. for boys at 10y, were 3.8cm in the earliest and 2.9cm latest cohorts at by urbanization index, and were 3.6cm and 3.1cm by HH income). For BMI, the increasing trend was much faster in high (vs low) SEP groups, thus SEP differences in mean BMI increased across cohorts (e.g. for boys at 10y, increased from 0.5 to 0.8kg/m2 by urbanization index, and 0.4 to 1.1kg/m2 by HH income). Findings for stunting and overweight/obesity were consistent with those for height and BMI. No significant association was found between SEP and thinness.

Conclusions
Short stature is associated with lower SEP, whereas high BMI is associated with higher SEP among Chinese youths. Between 1991-2015 in China, inequalities in childhood BMI increased while those for height remained fairly constant.

Key messages
Short stature is associated with lower SEP, whereas high BMI is associated with higher SEP among Chinese youths. Between 1991-2015 in China, inequalities in childhood BMI increased while those for height remained fairly constant.