bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociological perspectives on artificial intelligence: A typological reading
Authors: Liu Zheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInterest in applying sociological tools to analysing the social nature, antecedents and consequences of artificial intelligence (AI) has been rekindled in recent years. However, for researchers new to this field of enquiry, navigating the expansive literature can be challenging. This paper presents a practical way to help these researchers to think about, search and read the literature more effectively. It divides the literature into three categories. Research in each category is informed by one analytic perspective and analyses one “type” of AI. Research informed by the “scientific AI” perspective analyses “AI” as a science or scientific research field. Research underlain by the “technical AI” perspective studies “AI” as a meta‐technology and analyses its various applications and subtechnologies. Research informed by the “cultural AI” perspective views AI development as a social phenomenon and examines its interactions with the wider social, cultural, economic and political conditions in which it develops and by which it is shaped. These analytic perspectives reflect the evolution of “AI” from chiefly a scientific research subject during the twentieth century to a widely commercialised innovation in recent decades and increasingly to a distinctive socio‐cultural phenomenon today.
Space, time, and urban citizenship: Reconsidering migrant integration in critical social psychological research
Authors: Zisakou Anastasia , Figgou Lia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the last decade critical social psychologists have developed an interest in studying locational dimensions of intergroup relations and temporal aspects of social identity. At the same time critical social psychological research on acculturation has emphatically stressed the dynamic and situated nature of the processes of migrant integration and/or exclusion. Building on these strands of research, the present paper argues that spatial/temporal aspects of migrant integration need to be further explored and their critical social psychological study could benefit by insights from the interdisciplinary field of urban studies. Specifically, the notion of urban citizenship can enable an actor‐centered, bottom‐up perspective in the research of integration, considering it as part of the process of “becoming local” rather than as a process of interaction between homogenous ethnic groups. Furthermore, emphasis on the local and temporal dimensions of appropriating (or being excluded from) urban/community resources can contribute to a multifaceted and situated dynamic approach to migration, to avoid reified conceptualizations of integration, to highlight the discontinuities and disruptions that characterize new mobilities and to question binary oppositions between receiving and sending societies and host and guest populations.
Local Weather Effects: Perception of Climate Change and Public Support for Government Intervention
Authors: Kim Jeong Hyun , Seo Min Hee , Sinclair Betsy 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis article examines how people's lived experience of local weather might influence climate policy preferences in the presence of strong partisan bias.MethodsUsing a comprehensive dataset combining four‐wave panel survey responses from U.S. residents over three years with geocoded data on their local weather experience, we evaluate the impacts of local weather variations on beliefs about climate change, risk perceptions of climate change, and climate policy preferences. The panel structure of our data allows us to causally identify how one's actual experience of weather modifies climate change opinions over time.ResultsWe find that both long‐ and short‐term unusual local weather experiences change individuals' climate change opinions and preferences on climate change policy.ConclusionOne's lived experience alters beliefs in climate change, risk perceptions of climate change, and preferences for government climate policy even in the context of strong partisan bias.
High‐throughput detection of antibodies targeting the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike in longitudinal convalescent plasma samples
Authors: Anand Sai Priya , Prévost Jérémie , Richard Jonathan , Perreault Josée , Tremblay Tony , Drouin Mathieu , Fournier Marie‐Josée , Lewin Antoine , Bazin Renée , Finzi Andrés 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus is the cause of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, infecting millions of people and causing more than two million deaths. The SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike glycoproteins mediate viral entry and represent the main target for antibody responses. Humoral responses were shown to be important for preventing and controlling infection by coronaviruses. A promising approach to reduce the severity of COVID‐19 is the transfusion of convalescent plasma. However, longitudinal studies revealed that the level of antibodies targeting the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike declines rapidly after the resolution of the infection.Study Design and MethodsTo extend this observation beyond the RBD domain, we performed a longitudinal analysis of the persistence of antibodies targeting the full‐length SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike in the plasma from 15 convalescent donors. We generated a 293T cell line constitutively expressing the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike and used it to develop a high‐throughput flow cytometry‐based assay to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike‐specific antibodies in the plasma of convalescent donors.Results and ConclusionWe found that the level of antibodies targeting the full‐length SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike declines gradually after the resolution of the infection. This decline was not related to the number of donations but strongly correlated with the decline of RBD‐specific antibodies and the number of days post‐symptom onset. These findings help to better understand the decline of humoral responses against the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike and provide important information on when to collect plasma after recovery from active infection for convalescent plasma transfusion.
Influence of computed tomographic dimensions of the nasopharynx on middle ear effusion and inflammation in pugs and French bulldogs with brachycephalic airway syndrome
Authors: Krainer Dorothee , Dupré Gilles 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of middle ear abnormalities in pugs and in French bulldogs and evaluate the influence of nasopharyngeal dimensions on middle ear effusion.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsThirty pugs and 30 French bulldogs with brachycephalic airway syndrome and no known history of ear disease.MethodsComputed tomographic (CT) studies were reviewed for middle ear effusion, mucosal contrast enhancement, signs of osteitis, and tympanic wall thickness. Soft palate thickness and cross‐sectional areas of the nasopharynx at the opening of the auditory tube were measured and normalized to each individual's skull index before statistical comparison between breeds. Statistical dependence of middle ear abnormalities and nasopharyngeal dimensions was assessed by using Spearman's rank correlation tests.ResultsMiddle ear effusion was observed in 17 of 30 (56.7%) French bulldogs and five of 30 (16.7%) pugs. Contrast enhancement of the tympanic bulla was noted in 25 of 60 (41.6%) French bulldog ears and three of 60 (5.0%) pug ears. The cross‐sectional airway dimensions (difference [Δ] = 0.31 cm2, P < .0001) and soft palate thickness (Δ = 0.44 cm, P < .0001) were reduced in pugs compared with in French bulldogs. Weak correlations were detected between soft palate thickness and nasopharyngeal dimensions and presence of tympanic bulla effusion (r = 0.324 and r = 0.198, respectively) or contrast enhancement (r = 0.270 and r = 0.199, respectively).ConclusionMiddle ear effusion and inflammation were more common in French bulldogs than in pugs and did not seem related to nasopharyngeal dimensions.Clinical significanceFrench bulldogs with brachycephalic airway syndrome seem predisposed to middle ear effusion and inflammation.
Assessing the quality of life of people with chronic wounds by using the cross‐culturally valid and revised Wound‐QoL questionnaire
Authors: von Stülpnagel Catharina C. , da Silva Neuza , Augustin Matthias , van Montfrans Catherine , Fife Caroline , Fagerdahl Ann‐Mari , Gamus Alexander , Klein Toni M. , Blome Christine , Sommer Rachel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Wound‐QoL is an often used reliable and valid measure, originally developed in Germany. It has been sequentially translated and validated for other languages/countries, for the measurement of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic wounds. However, a study from the United States postulated its benefits from further adaptations. Furthermore, some patients struggled to provide an answer for some of the items. We aimed to test the cross‐cultural structure and psychometric performance of the questionnaire to suggest necessary revisions. This cross‐sectional analysis of existing data sets included 1185 patients from Germany, the US, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Israel. Patients in the U.S. Wound Registry completed the Wound‐QoL during routine care. Different studies comprised the data collection in the other countries. Almost half of the patients were women (48.4%). Furthermore, 42.6% were diagnosed with leg ulcers. Their average age was 66 years. We used a confirmatory factor analysis and an unconstrained graded response model. We revised and shortened the Wound‐QoL from 17 to 14 items. In addition, we supported the cross‐cultural metric invariance of the revised Wound‐QoL questionnaire. The new version with 14 items and three dimensions revealed good psychometric properties with Cronbach's alpha (α) of 0.913 for the total score, and 0.709–0.907 for different dimensions. Furthermore, we provided strict invariance for different clinical variables. In conclusion, the revised Wound‐QoL is a reliable and cross‐cultural instrument to measure the HRQoL on patients with chronic wounds. Future studies should analyse the revised Wound‐QoL for convergent validity with generic HRQoL questionnaires as well as for determining its sensitivity to clinical change.
Congruence between molecular and morphological systematics of Alpine non‐biting midges (Chironomidae, Diamesinae)
Authors: Lencioni Valeria , Rodriguez‐Prieto Ana , Allegrucci Giuliana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn mountain regions, climate change is resulting in glacial retreat, causing biodiversity loss in glacial‐fed streams (kryal habitat). Diamesa species (Diptera Chironomidae), the main colonizers of the kryal in the Alps, are the aquatic insects more threatened by extinction. In recent years, DNA barcoding was successfully adopted to delimit species of chironomids and provided species identification. We highlighted that for the Diamesa genus, inconsistencies remain between identification on a morphological and molecular basis, mainly within cinerella and zernyi groups, raising doubts about the validity of head colour as a good diagnostic taxonomic character. Molecular phylogeny reconstruction based on mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II) and one nuclear (ribosomal 18S rRNA) markers revealed that D. bohemani and D. zernyi on one hand, and D. cinerella and D. tonsa on the other hand, represent populations of the same species. Divergence times suggested that the radiation of these alpine species seems to have been driven by the climatic events with the alternation of glacial periods that happened in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The initial separation of the oriental species D. steinboecki seems to be due to the tectonic movements of the Periadriatic fault system that probably favoured the emergence of lakes and streams, successively colonized by D. steinboecki. This study raises important concerns, from the validity of diagnostic characters used today to identify larval types up to the uncertainty about how many species of Diamesa inhabit the European Alps and what their fate will be within the scenario of climate change.
Effects of hypoxia on the respiratory and metabolic responses to progressive cooling in newborn rodents that range in heterothermic expression
Authors: Dzal Yvonne A. , Milsom William K. 
Published: February 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Adult homeotherms and heterotherms differ in cold and hypoxia tolerance and in how they match O2 supply and demand in response to these stressors. It has never been ascertained whether these differences reflect different developmental trajectories or whether they are already present at birth.
What is the main finding and its importance?
When exposed to cold and hypoxia, newborn rodents differed in how they matched O2 supply and demand, with responses reflecting the degree of heterothermic expression and tolerance. Our findings indicate that elements of the adult phenotype are already present at birth.
AbstractThere are physiological differences in how adult rodents regulate O2 supply and O2 demand when exposed to hypoxia in the cold. We examined whether these differences reflect divergent developmental trajectories of homeotherms and heterotherms or whether the differences are already present at birth. We exposed newborn rodents (0–4 days old) that ranged in heterothermic expression [a homeotherm, the rat (Rattus norvegicus); two facultative heterotherms, the mouse (Mus musculus) and the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus); and an obligate heterotherm, the ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus)] to either normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (7% O2) and measured their metabolic, thermoregulatory and ventilatory responses while progressively reducing the ambient temperature from 33 to 15°C. All newborns reduced their body temperature, O2 consumption rate and ventilation during progressive cooling, both in normoxia and in hypoxia. When progressively cooled in hypoxia, however, the homeothermic rats exhibited the greatest thermogenic response, depressed their O2 consumption rate the least and increased ventilation the most. In contrast, the obligate heterotherm, the ground squirrel, did not mount a thermogenic response, exhibited the greatest reduction in O2 consumption rate and increased O2 uptake not by increasing ventilation like the rat, but by extracting ≤80% of the O2 from each breath. Facultative heterotherms (mice and hamsters) exhibited responses in between these two extreme phenotypes. We conclude that even as newborns, homeotherms and heterotherms diverge in how they match O2 supply and O2 demand when progressively cooled in hypoxia, with responses reflecting the degree of heterothermic expression, in addition to reported hypoxia and cold tolerance.
A Computationally Low-Cost Method for Capturing Airframe Flexibility Effects in Landing Dynamic Simulations
Authors: Stachiw Terrin , Khouli Fidel , Langlois Robert G. , Afagh Fred F. , Ricciardi Joseph 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Airframe flexibility effects have typically been captured by modal reduction of the airframe. Although efficient, this model may still be prohibitively expensive for preliminary design studies. This paper employs time- and frequency-domain system identification techniques to form a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem to identify equivalent transfer functions representing airframe flexibility effects. Pareto-optimal sets are first identified for an equivalent transfer function of a force element between the landing gear (LG) attachment point and the center of gravity (CG) of a 150-passenger regional jet, and a second transfer function from the input LG force to the cockpit acceleration. The reduced models demonstrate the ability to generally capture flexibility effects with reduced computation times. The combination of time-domain and frequency-domain information ensures the positive time-history matches while the model remains physically realizable as it is rooted to frequency response obtained from the finite element model (FEM). It is hypothesized that this physical link allowed the model to be robust to the landing initial conditions.
Glucocorticoids: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde of Hippocampal Neuroinflammation
Authors: Bolshakov Alexey P. , Tret’yakova Liya V. , Kvichansky Alexey A. , Gulyaeva Natalia V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are an important component of adaptive response of an organism to stressogenic stimuli, a typical stress response being accompanied by elevation of GC levels in blood. Anti-inflammatory effects of GCs are widely used in clinical practice, while pro-inflammatory effects of GCs are believed to underlie neurodegeneration. This is particularly critical for the hippocampus, brain region controlling both cognitive function and emotions/affective behavior, and selectively vulnerable to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The hippocampus is believed to be the main target of GCs since it has the highest density of GC receptors potentially underlying high sensitivity of hippocampal cells to severe stress. In this review, we analyzed the results of studies on pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of GCs in the hippocampus in different models of stress and stress-related pathologies. The available data form a sophisticated, though often quite phenomenological, picture of a modulatory role of GCs in hippocampal neuroinflammation. Understanding the dual nature of GC-mediated effects as well as causes and mechanisms of switching can provide us with effective approaches and tools to avert hippocampal neuroinflammatory events and as a result to prevent and treat brain diseases, both neurological and psychiatric. In the framework of a mechanistic view, we propose a new hypothesis describing how the anti-inflammatory effects of GCs may transform into the pro-inflammatory ones. According to it, long-term elevation of GC level or preliminary treatment with GC triggers accumulation of FKBP51 protein that suppresses activity of GC receptors and activates pro-inflammatory cascades, which, finally, leads to enhanced neuroinflammation.
Synthesis of Nanosized ZSM-5 Zeolites by Different Methods and
Their Catalytic Performance in the Alkylation of Naphthalene
Authors: Wang Yongchao , Kikhtyanin O. V. , Li Cheng , Su Xiaofang , Bai Xuefeng , Wu Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Three nanosized ZSM-5 zeolites were successfully prepared from reactive gels
with the same Si/Al ratios by different synthetic procedures that included the
use of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide or n-butylamine as a template and a seeding
method that did not use an organic additive. The effect of the synthetic method
on the physicochemical properties of the prepared samples was investigated by
XRD, XRF, XPS, N2 physisorption, SEM, TEM,
27Al MAS NMR, NH3-TPD, and
Py-FTIR. The catalytic performance of the
nanosized ZSM-5 zeolites in the alkylation of naphthalene with methanol was
compared. The prepared samples were phase-pure, highly crystalline ZSM-5
zeolites, but they had different bulk and surface Si/Al ratios as well as
textural and acidic properties. The study of the prepared catalysts in
naphthalene methylation revealed that both the acid characteristics of the ZSM-5
nanosized zeolites and their textural properties were responsible for their
activity in the reaction. A difference in the composition of
monomethylnaphthalenes and dimethylnaphthalenes was attributed to the ability of
the catalyst to isomerize the primary reaction products on acid sites located on
the external surface of the zeolite crystals. 2,7-DMN was found to be the
preferred reaction product over 2,6-DMN when formed at pore entrances to ZSM-5
channels due to the differences in their dimensions. In contrast,
2,6-dimethylnaphthalene could be produced on weaker external Brønsted acid
sites, which are hydroxyls attached to octahedral Al atoms. The presented
results show that the method used to synthesize nanoscale ZSM-5 zeolites is a
critical factor that determines the physicochemical properties and catalytic
performance of the resulting crystals.
Hydrogels of Polysaccharide Carboxymethyl Hydroxypropyl Guar Crosslinked by Multivalent Metal Ions
Authors: Shibaev A. V. , Doroganov A. P. , Larin D. E. , Smirnova M. E. , Cherkaev G. V. , Kabaeva N. M. , Kitaeva D. Kh. , Buyanovskaya A. G. , Philippova O. E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hydrogels of polysaccharide carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar crosslinked by chromium(III) ions are synthesized. The effect of crosslinker concentration on the mechanical behavior of the gels is studied, and the amount of chromium compounds able to interact with polymer chains and the amount of carboxyl groups of the polymer involved in crosslinking are compared. It is shown that the elastic modulus of the gels attains a constant value when not all but only about 10% functional groups interact with chromium compounds. At high concentrations, crosslinker molecules basically bind to one functional group; as a result, the gel recharges. This binding proceeds until all carboxyl groups are filled.
Island Growth of Poly(chloro-p-xylylene) Coatings
Authors: Medvedeva A. S. , Streltsov D. R. , Dmitryakov P. V. , Nesmelov A. A. , Buzin A. I. , Chvalun S. N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The evolution of the morphology of island poly(chloro-p-xylylene) films formed on silicon substrates by vapor deposition polymerization is investigated by atomic force microscopy. The dependences of the effective thickness of the island coating, the number density of polymer islands, and their average size on the surface coverage are studied. The maximal density of polymer islands and the surface coverage corresponding to the transition to the coalescence regime are estimated. Within the framework of the theory of dynamic scaling, the size distribution of islands and the size distribution of their “capture zones” are analyzed. It is shown that, at low degrees of filling of the substrate, before the coalescence of islands, these distributions are described by scaling functions corresponding to the model of reaction-limited aggregation. The size of the critical nucleus is estimated from the size distributions of the “capture zones” of polymer islands.
Clinical observation on treatment of cough during pregnancy with modified Baihe Gujin Decoction
Authors: Fu Liyuan , Lin Jing , Yao Meiyu , Niu Fang , Ma Fenglan , Wang Ling 
Published: February 2021

Background: To investigate the clinical effect of modified Baihe Gujin Decoction in treatment of cough during pregnancy. Methods: A total of 31 pregnant women with cough were recruited from First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Shanghai Qingpu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2016 to June 2020. The patients were treated with modified Baihe Gujin Decoction for two weeks according to their unique symptoms and signs. The cough symptoms were evaluated and the symptom scores were calculated at Day 0 (time of enrollment), Day 7, and Day 14, respectively. Results: Of 31 cases, 4 cases were clinically cured and 24 cases showed marked improvement, with 3 cases showing no improvement. Conclusions: Modified Baihe Gujin Decoction can significantly improve the symptoms of cough during pregnancy.
Equidistribution Modulo 1
Authors: Gadri Wiem 
Published: February 2021

The generalisation of questions of the classic arithmetic has long been of interest. One line of questioning, introduced by Car in 1995, inspired by the equidistribution of the sequence

n

α

n
∈
N

where

0
<
α
<
1

, is the study of the sequence

K

1
/
l

, where

K

is a polynomial having an l-th root in the field of formal power series. In this paper, we consider the sequence

L

′

1
/
l

, where

L
′

is a polynomial having an l-th root in the field of formal power series and satisfying

L
′
≡
B

mod

C

. Our main result is to prove the uniform distribution in the Laurent series case. Particularly, we prove the case for irreducible polynomials.