bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, CK5/6 and BRCA1 in non familial breast cancer and its correlation with clinico-pathological parameters
Authors: Tuteja Rajat Kumar , Bagga Neha , Agarwal Preeti , Mehrotra Raj , Singh Kul Ranjan 
Published: February 2021

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC), a pathologically high grade subset of tumours has increasing prevalence in Indian population. Since their morphological features resemble with BRCA1 mutated inherited breast cancer, the present study was aimed to define the role of BRCA1 mutation in sporadic breast cancer.1. To evaluate immunohistochemical expression of BRCA-1 in non familial breast cancer cases and to correlate with clinical and histopathological parameters.Prospective & Retrospective study (August 2014-August 2015).Tertiary care hospital in North Eastern India189 cases of suspected breast cancer cases were included in the study. ER/PR/HER2 status was evaluated of 114 cases and molecular classification along with BRCA1 expression was seen in 62 patients.SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Version 15.0 statistical Analysis Software. The values were represented in Number (%) and Mean±SD. 71.56% of cases belonged to Nottingham’s grade II and III. Among our groups maximum percentage were of TNBC (basal + non basal) and Her2 enriched i.e (30.6% respectively) followed by luminal B (24.2%) and luminal A (9.6%). 50% of cases in study sub population showed BRCA 1 loss. BRCA1 expression was nuclear and cytoplasmic in both control and cases. Maximum mean BRCA1 loss was seen in basal like, followed by triple negative non basal like, her2 enriched and minimum in luminal A. Large percentage of TNBC, increased BRCA1 expression loss and high grade, indicates need to fulfil the vacant space of therapeutic modality in TNBC management. PARP inhibitors, the future of therapeutic management of TNBC might also be helpful in sporadic cases of breast cancer exhibiting BRCA1 expression loss.
A clinicopathological analysis of non-infectious granulomatous dermatoses
Authors: Aarthy C N  , Bijjaragi Seema , Balaram Gautam , Pinto Melanie 
Published: February 2021

Non-infectious granulomatous dermatoses involves a broad group of distinct reactive inflammatory conditions. They have overlapping morphological and clinical features and hence pose a diagnostic challenge to differentiate from other granulomatous dermatoses and affect the management of the patient. To study the histopathological patterns of non-infectious granulomatous dermatoses and to correlate with clinical features. It is a retrospective study for a period of 5 years at a tertiary care centre in central Karnataka.In the present study, out of 7273 skin biopsies there were 34 cases of non-infectious granulomatous dermatoses. Out of these 34 cases, granuloma annulare (50%) was the most common non-infectious granulomatous lesion followed by annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (14%), foreign body granuloma (9%), tattoo granuloma (9%) perforating folliculitis (9%), xanthoma(6%) and xanthelasma (3%). Non-infectious granulomatous disorders of skin encompass a large group of disorders with overlapping features. Thus adequate clinical data and subtle histological findings are important for specific diagnosis which provides better patient management.
To develop cytology procedure as a routine and to get familiar with cytological appearances of the commonly encountered cervical and vaginal lesions
Authors: Kaur Dupinder , Agarwal Pooja 
Published: February 2021

The material for the current investigation contained assessment of 1542 cervical/vaginal smear, taken from patients going to the out-tolerant Department of Obstretric and Gynecology and further shipped off Department of Pathology for cytomorphological examination. The legitimate example assortment is perhaps the main strides in pap smear screening. At any rate one half to 66% of bogus negatives are the aftereffect of patient conditions present at the hour of test assortment and accommodation and the expertise and information on the person who acquires the example. Sufficient cervical cytology tests ought to be gathered and submitted to the lab with proper clinical data. Cross sectional observational study. 27 cases of epithelial cell abnormality, out of which 17 cases show Atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance, 1 case show Atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance. 2 cases shows low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 2 cases shows high grade squamous intra epithelial lesions. A total of 5 smears show invasive carcinoma cervix.Maximum cases of LSIL were detected in 41-50 years of age group and maximum cases of HSIL were detected in 31-60 years of age group whereas maximum cases of carcinoma cervix were detected in 51-60 years of age group. In the developing countries like India, cervical cytology, due to its low cost and easy availability, is the most important diagnostic tool for the screening of females of reproductive age group. The patient attending the Gynecology Out Patient Department were targeted in this study, so as to screening all the females, even with minor symptoms like discharge per vaginum.
Macrophages Fuel Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Schilling Joel D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this commentary we discuss new findings presented by Shang et al. regarding the role of macrophage-derived glutamine in skeletal muscle repair. Loss-of-function of glutamate dehydrogenase in macrophages led to an upregulation of glutamine synthesis which sustained glutamine levels in muscle tissue and facilitated satellite cell proliferation and differentiation.
Pemanfaatan Jerami Kacang Hijau Dengan Penambahan Feses Sapi Dan Effective Microorganisme Terhadap Kualitas Kompos Di Kelurahan Manggali Kecamatan Pallangga
Authors: Asriany Anie 
Published: February 2021

Pengomposan merupakan proses bahan organic yang mengalami penguraian secara biologis, khususnya mikroba yang dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energy. Kotoran ternak dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk kandang karena kandungan unsur hara seperti nitrogen (N), fosfor (P), dan kalium (K) yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman dan kesuburan tanah. Limbah pertanian antara lain dapat berupa jerami tanaman pangan, limbah tanaman perkebunan, dan kotoran ternak. Limbah pertanian berupa jerami kacang hijau sebagai kompos karena menpunyai kandungan kalium yang tinggi, dapat meningkatkan kandungan unsur hara K pada pupuk kandang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui melihat kualitas kompos jerami kacang hijau dengan penambahan feses sapi dan EM4, terhadap waktu optimal pengomposan dan kualitas pupuk kandang sesuai dengan SNI 19-7030-2004. Pupuk kandang yang diperoleh dianalisis kadar N, P, K, C-organik, rasio C/N, dan kadar airnya. Hasil analisis dibandingkan dengan SNI 19-7030-2004. Analisis pupuk kandang dilakukan pada 30, hari Hasil analisis kompos dengan EM4 lebih efektif dan memerlukan waktu yang lebih cepat untuk mendekomposisi bahan organik dalam kompos. Kualitas kompos yang memenuhi SNI 19-7030-2004 (rasio C/N, kadar N, P, K, air, dan C-organik).
Pengaruh Pengunjung Terhadap Tingkah Laku dan Konsumsi Makan Rusa Totol (Axis-axis) Pada Penangkaran Rusa Totol di Fakultas Peternakan Unhas
Authors: Suharto Agil , Asriany Anie , Ismartoyo Ismartoyo 
Published: February 2021

Rusa totol ( axis – axis ) merupakan salah satu spesies yang tinggal di daerah tropis yang disebut Indian Deerpopulasinya sebanyak di temukan di luar habitat aslinya, khusus di penangkaran, Rusa dapat menjadi daya tarik pengunjung di penangkaran, karena penampilannya yang menarik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai juli 2019. Di penangkaran rusa Fakultas Peternakan Unhas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengunjung terhadap pemberian pakan oleh pengunjung terhadap konsumsi makan dan tingkah laku rusa. Metode pengumpulan data melalui pengamatan langsung di lapangan ( observasi survey ) dengan metode Time Sampling dilakukan terhadap rusa yang berada di penangkaran, wawancara dengan pengunjung serta studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis pakan yang diberikan oleh pengunjung meliputi kangkung, wortel, sawi. rumput lapangan, hal ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkah laku dan konsumsi makan rusa, akan tetapi memberikan perubahan pada tingkah laku dan konsumsi makan yang meningkat.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK BAHAN PAKAN SUMBER PROTEIN DAN SUMBER ENERGI
Authors: Latief Muhammad Fadhlirrahman 
Published: February 2021

Sifat fisik bahan merupakan bagian dari kategori karakteristik mutu (besaran yang dapat langsung diamati atau diukur dari bahan pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik bahan pakan sumber protein dan sumber energi. Penelitian menggunakan analissis deskriptif. Materi yang digunakan yaitu bungkil kedelai, bungkil kelapa, dan tepung rese untuk bahan pakan sumber protein dan pollard, dedak dan jagung giling untuk bahan pakan sumber protein. Parameter yang diukur yaitu KT; kerapatan tumpukan (kg/m3), KPT; kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan (kg/m3), BJ; berat jenis (kg/m3), dan ST;sudut tumpukan (o). Hasil penelitian menunnjukkan sifat fisik bahan pakan sumber protein yaitu KT 5507,66 (kg/m3), KPT 5728 (kg/m3), BJ 1483,33(kg/m3), ST 31,03 (o). Sifat fisik bahan pakan sumber protein KT 4613,66( kg/m3), KPT 5205,66 (kg/m3), BJ 3948,33 (kg/m3), ST 32,25 (kg/m3). Kesimpulannya adalah bahan pakan sumber protein lebih tinggi kerapatan tumpukkan dan kerapatan pemadatan tumpukannya menunjukkan lebih volumious daripada bahan pakan sumber energi.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PEMBERIAN PUPUK BOKASHI TERHADAP PRODUKSI HIJAUAN SORGUM MANIS (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)
Authors: Risna . , Nohong Budiman , Rinduwati . 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh level pemberian pupuk bokashi terhadap produksi hijauan sorgum manis. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas empat perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan.Perlakuan yang diberikan sebagai berikut : T0 : Kontrol (tanpa pupuk); T1 : Pupuk Bokashi 60 ton/ ha setara dengan 300 g/polybag; T2 : Pupuk Bokashi 100 ton/ ha setara dengan 500 g/polybag; T3 : Pupuk Bokashi 140ton/ha setara dengan 700 g/ polybag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk bokashi berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap produksi hijauan segar dan bahan kering pada tanaman sorgum manis. Uji Duncan menunjukkan bahwa produksi hijauan segar dan bahan kering pada perlakuan T1 nyata (P<0,05) lebih tinggi dibanding dengan produksi hijauan segar dan bahan kering pada perlakuan T0 (kontrol). Produksi hijauan segar dan bahan kering pada perlakuan T2 dan T3 sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dibanding dengan produksi hijauan segar dan bahan kering pada perlakuan T0 (kontrol). Sedangkan produksi hijauan segar dan bahan kering pada perlakuan T2 dan T3 tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian dosis pupuk bokashi sampai level 100 ton/ha (500 g/polybag ) meningkatkan produksi bahan segar dan bahan kering sorgum manis.
PENGARUH SKARIFIKASI BIJI DENGAN PERLAKUAN AIR PANAS, MEKANIK DAN ASAM TERHADAP KEMUNCULAN BIBIT DAN PERTUMBUHAN AWAL LAMTORO (Leucaena leucocephala)
Authors: Rusdy Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Pengaruh skarifikasi dengan air panas, mekanik dan asam terhadap kemunculan bibit dan pertumbuhan awal lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) diteliti. Hasil berbagai metoda skarifikasi biji menunjukkan bahwa semua metoda skarifikasi yang digunakan memperbaiki kemunculan dan pertumbuhan awal Lamtoro. Perendaman biji di dalam asam sulfat selama 20 dan 24 menit menghasilkan persentase kemunculan bibit, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, biomassa bahan kering tertinggi dan indeks kemunculan bibit terendah, disusul dengan skarifikasi mekanik dengan pemotongan biji pada bagian mikropil dan perlakuan air panas temperatur 80o C selama dua menit. Kemunculan bibit dan pertumbuhan awal Lamtoro terendah diperoleh pada kontrol. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa skarifikasi biji dibutuhkan untuk memperbaiki kemunculan dan pertumbuhan awal bibit Lamtoro dengan skarifikasi asam merupakan metode terbaik, walaupun dari sudut pandang petani, karena kesulitan penanganan dan biaya yan tinggi mungkin bukan merupakan metode terbaik.
Production Forecast, Analysis and Simulation of Eagle Ford Shale Oil Wells
Authors: Alotaibi Basel , Schechter David , Wattenbarger Robert A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In previous works and published literature, production forecast and production decline of unconventional reservoirs were done on a single-well basis. The main objective of previous works was to estimate the ultimate recovery of wells or to forecast the decline of wells in order to estimate how many years a well could produce and what the abandonment rate was. Other studies targeted production data analysis to evaluate the completion (hydraulic fracturing) of shale wells.
The purpose of this work is to generate field-wide production forecast of the Eagle Ford Shale (EFS). In this paper, we considered oil production of the EFS only. More than 6 thousand oil wells were put online in the EFS basin between 2008 and December 2013. The method started by generating type curves of producing wells to understand their performance. Based on the type curves, a program was prepared to forecast the oil production of EFS based on different drilling schedules; moreover drilling requirements can be calculated based on the desired production rate. In addition, analysis of daily production data from the basin was performed. Moreover, single-well simulations were done to compare results with the analyzed data.
Findings of this study depended on the proposed drilling and developing scenario of EFS. The field showed potential of producing high oil production rate for a long period of time. The presented forecasted case gave and indications of the expected field-wide rate that can be witnessed in the near future in EFS.
The method generated by this study is useful for predicting the performance of various unconventional reservoirs for both oil and gas. It can be used as a quick-look tool that can help if numerical reservoir simulations of the whole basin are not yet prepared. In conclusion, this tool can be used to prepare an optimized drilling schedule to reach the required rate of the whole basin.
Completion Advancements in the Khulud Unconventional Gas Project
Authors: Elliott D.. , Al Abri S.. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PDO's Khulud unconventional gas project is progressing from the Appraisal phase to the Pilot phase. This maturation of unconventional gas resources in PDO is resulting in revolutionary changes to completion designs as well as fracturing operational optimization. Safety and economic challenges to reduce operational manpower exposure, reduce cost and increase production have resulted in considerable advancement in well and operational design including: Elimination of Sub-Surface Safety Valve use on low initial rate and near liquid loading wells.Changes to velocity string designs including wellhead hang-off (enabled by SSSV elimination); designs for scale inhibitor injection and salt removal circulations as well as contingency for future plunger lift applications.Horizontal well designs including both cased and perforated and open hole designs are being implemented.
Successful Post-Fracture Stimulation Well Cleanup and Testing of Tight Gas Reservoirs in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Clark Robert , Husain Ali , Rainey Stephen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tight gas/tight oil reservoirs require fracture stimulation to achieve commercial rates of hydrocarbons. Fracturing operations involve pumping considerable volumes of proppant and water/gel into the reservoir. Rapid cleanup of fracturing fluids and residual proppant ensures the desired goals of the stimulation operations are achieved: enhancing the flow capacity of the well while minimizing the risk of proppant damage to surface equipment. It is normal for significant quantities of proppant and frac fluid to flow back after opening the well for cleanup. Frac fluid often contains broken cross-linked gel, which must be flowed back to ensure cleanup of the fracture and minimize plugging of the fracture face and the proppant pack.
In North America, it is not unusual for frac fluid recovery to be only a small fraction of the amount of injected fluid. Frac fluid recovery of 5 to 30 percent is not unusual and 50 percent is often considered excellent.
In the Sultanate of Oman, BP is currently achieving 50 to 90 percent frac fluid recovery, while pressure transient analysis indicates post-frac skin damage figures of -6 or better, indicating excellent stimulation effectiveness. Critically, no proppant has flowed through to the surface facility. These cleanup procedures have been conducted in wells with a variety of frac types including 450,000 to 1,000,000 lb cross-linked gel fracs and multiple 17,000 bbl slick water fracs.
An analysis of the procedures used to achieve these results will be presented in this paper. It indicates that allowing the frac to close and opening the well on a moderate choke, with re-direction of the post-frac fluid through effective sand management systems, followed by flowing the well at a managed drawdown against the reservoir has achieved excellent results. These results underpinned the decision to move forward in this multi-billion dollar development project.
Improved Efficiency of Multi-Stage Fracturing Operations: An Innovative Pressure Activated Toe Sleeve
Authors: Yuan Feng , Palmer Chris , Blanton Eric , Tough John 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Over the last decade productive capacity of both oil and gas from previously uneconomic North American unconventional shale resources has been dramatically enhanced due to advanced horizontal drilling technology combined with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing treatment maximizing access to productive zones. Currently two types of multi-stage fracturing completion systems are in common use: The conventional Plug-and-Perf (P-n-P) method in cased holeFrac sleeves using open hole (OH) packers or cementing to isolate multiple stages
To streamline the fracturing process, a new pressure-activated toe sleeve has been developed for both methods which is run in the hole on the bottom of the completion string and actuated after two pressure applications. This sleeve isn't immediately open after the first pressure application, so casing integrity pressure testing can be conducted and pressure can also be held indefinitely to satisfy a range of regulatory requirements. As the second application of pressure is bled down, the sleeve locks open and then composite plugs for P-n-P or balls for frac sleeves can be pumped down to begin subsequent stimulation operations. This toe sleeve is especially beneficial in P-n-P completions, as an alternative to tubing conveyed perforating (TCP) to initiate pump-down operations, eliminating the initial perforation run.
As a result the following features and benefits can be realized: This toe sleeve is is hydraulically actuated after two separate pressure cycles applicationsEach pressure cycle application can be held indefinitely for casing integrity pressure testing to satisfy all expected regulatory requirementsThere is no restriction on the time between two pressure applicationsIt eliminates the need for TCP perforating in the first stage of a cemented P-n-P completion at the toe of wellMultiple sleeves can be installed and activated open simultaneously at the toe of the completion stringThe toe sleeve design incorporates port areas sufficient to pump the first stimulation operation, adding an additional zone to any fracturing completion
The toe sleeve is fully cement compatibleThis paper will present the operational mechanisms and a case study of the use of this unique toe sleeve which adds significant operating efficiency and lowers the cost of multi-stage fracturing with valid casing integrity pressure test.
Observation of higher-order non-Hermitian skin effect
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Tian Yuan , Jiang Jian-Hua , Lu Ming-Hui , Chen Yan-Feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hermitian theories play a major role in understanding the physics of most phenomena. It has been found only in the past decade that non-Hermiticity enables unprecedented effects such as exceptional points, spectral singularities and bulk Fermi arcs. Recent studies further show that non-Hermiticity can fundamentally change the topological band theory, leading to the non-Hermitian band topology and non-Hermitian skin effect, as confirmed in one-dimensional (1D) systems. However, in higher dimensions, these non-Hermitian effects remain unexplored in experiments. Here, we demonstrate the spin-polarized, higher-order non-Hermitian skin effect in two-dimensional (2D) acoustic metamaterials. Using a lattice of coupled whisper-gallery acoustic resonators, we realize a spinful 2D higher-order topological insulator (HOTI) where the spin-up and spin-down states are emulated by the anti-clockwise and clockwise modes, respectively. We find that the non-Hermiticity drives wave localizations toward opposite edge boundaries depending on the spin polarizations. More interestingly, for finite systems with both edge and corner boundaries, the higher-order non-Hermitian skin effect leads to wave localizations toward two corner boundaries for the bulk, edge and corner states in a spin-dependent manner. We further show that such a non-Hermitian skin effect enables rich wave manipulation through the loss configuration in each unit-cell. The reported spin-dependent, higher-order non-Hermitian skin effect reveals the interplay between higher-order topology and non-Hermiticity, which is further enriched by the spin degrees of freedom. This unveils a new horizon in the study of non-Hermitian physics and the design of non-Hermitian metamaterials.
The volcanic geology of Morella Crater, Ganges Cavus and Elaver Vallis, Mars
Authors: Michalski Joseph R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mars contains a large number of yet unexplained collapse features, sometimes spatially linked to large outflow channels. These pits and cavi are often taken as evidence for collapse due to the release of large volumes of pressurized groundwater. One such feature, Ganges Cavus, is an extremely deep (~ 6 km) collapse structure nested on the southern rim of Morella Crater, a 78-km-diameter impact structure breached on its east side by the Elaver Vallis outflow channel. Previous workers have concluded that Ganges Cavus, and other similar collapse features in the Valles Mariners area formed due to catastrophic release of pressurized groundwater that ponded and ultimately flowed over the surface. However, in the case of Ganges Cavus and Morella Crater, I show that the groundwater hypothesis cannot adequately explain the geology. The geology of Morella Crater, Ganges Cavus and the surrounding plains including Elaver Vallis is dominantly volcanic. Morella Crater contained a large picritic to komatiitic lava lake (> 3400 km3), which may have spilled through the eastern wall of the basin. Ganges Cavus is a voluminous (> 2100 km3) collapsed caldera. Morella Crater, Ganges Cavus and Elaver Vallis illustrate a volcanic link between structural collapse, formation and potential spillover of a large lake, and erosion and transport, but in this case, the geology is volcanic from source to sink. The geologic puzzle of Morella Crater and Ganges Cavus has important implications for the origins of other collapse structures on Mars and challenges the idea of pressurized groundwater release on Mars.