bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Associations of PROMIS-29 Anxiety and Depression Symptoms With Low Back Pain Impact in a Sample of U.S. Military Service Members
Authors: Dunbar Michael S , Rodriguez Anthony , Edelen Maria O , Hays Ron D , Coulter Ian D , Siconolfi Daniel , Herman Patricia M 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Impact Stratification Score (ISS) is a measure of the impact of chronic low back pain (LBP) consisting of nine Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29) items, but no studies have examined the ISS or its association with psychological symptoms in military samples. This study examines longitudinal associations between psychological symptoms and the ISS among military service members.

Material and Methods
The study involved secondary data analysis of a sample of active duty U.S. military service members aged 18-50 years with LBP (n = 733). Participants completed the PROMIS-29 at three time points during treatment: baseline (time 1, T1), week 6 of treatment (time 2, T2), and week 12 of treatment (time 3, T3). The impact of LBP was quantified using the ISS (ranging from 8 = least impact to 50 = greatest impact). Psychological symptoms were assessed as PROMIS-29 anxiety and depression scores. Separate autoregressive cross-lagged models examined reciprocal associations of ISSs with anxiety, depression, and emotional distress scores from T1 to T3.

Results
Within each time point, the ISS was significantly and positively correlated with anxiety and depression. In autoregressive cross-lagged models, anxiety and depression predicted the ISS at the next time point and associations were similar in magnitude (e.g., anxiety T2 to ISS T3: β = 0.12, P &lt; .001; depression T2 to ISS T3: β = 0.12, P &lt;.001). The ISS did not predict future depression or emotional distress scores at any time point, but the ISS at T2 was significantly, positively associated with anxiety scores at T3 (β = 0.07, P = .04).

Conclusion
Psychological symptoms consistently and prospectively predict the impact of LBP as measured by the ISS among service members undergoing pain treatment. The ISS may also be associated with future anxiety but not depression. PROMIS-29 anxiety and depression items may be useful adjunctive measures to consider when using the ISS to support LBP treatment planning and monitoring with service members.
The picasso map-making code: application to a simulation of the QUIJOTE northern sky survey
Authors: Guidi F , Rubiño-Martín J A , Pelaez-Santos A E , Génova-Santos R T , Ashdown M , Barreiro R B , Bilbao-Ahedo J D , Harper S E , Watson R A 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Map-making is an important step for the data analysis of cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. It consists of converting the data, which are typically a long, complex, and noisy collection of measurements, into a map, which is an image of the observed sky. We present in this paper a new map-making code named picasso (Polarization and Intensity CArtographer for Scanned Sky Observations), which was implemented to construct intensity and polarization maps from the Multi Frequency Instrument (MFI) of the QUIJOTE (Q-U-I Joint TEnerife) CMB polarization experiment. picasso is based on the destriping algorithm, and is suited to address specific issues of ground-based microwave observations, with a technique that allows the fit of a template function in the time domain, during the map-making step. This paper describes the picasso code, validating it with simulations and assessing its performance. For this purpose, we produced realistic simulations of the QUIJOTE-MFI survey of the northern sky (approximately ∼20 000 deg2), and analysed the reconstructed maps with picasso, using real and harmonic space statistics. We show that, for this sky area, picasso is able to reconstruct, with high fidelity, the injected signal, recovering all the scales with ℓ &gt; 10 in TT, EE, and BB. The signal error is better than 0.001 per cent at 20 &lt; ℓ &lt; 200. Finally, we validated some of the methods that will be applied to the real wide-survey data, like the detection of the CMB anisotropies via cross-correlation analyses. Despite that the implementation of picasso is specific for QUIJOTE-MFI data, it could be adapted to other experiments.
A model for line absorption and emission from turbulent mixing layers
Authors: Tan Brent , Oh S Peng 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Turbulent mixing layers (TMLs) are ubiquitous in multiphase gas. They can potentially explain observations of high ions such as O vi, which have significant observed column densities despite short cooling times. Previously, we showed that global mass, momentum, and energy transfer between phases mediated by TMLs is not sensitive to details of thermal conduction or numerical resolution. By contrast, we show here that observables such as temperature distributions, column densities, and line ratios are sensitive to such considerations. We explain the reason for this difference. We develop a prescription for applying a simple 1D conductive-cooling front model which quantitatively reproduces 3D hydrodynamic simulation results for column densities and line ratios, even when the TML has a complex fractal structure. This enables subgrid absorption and emission line predictions in large scale simulations. The predicted line ratios are in good agreement with observations, while observed column densities require numerous mixing layers to be pierced along a line of sight.
Exceptional variation in the appearance of Common Murre eggs reveals their potential as identity signals
Authors: Birkhead Tim R , Thompson Jamie E , Cox Amelia R , Montgomerie Robert D 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe studied the ground colors and maculations of 161 Common Murre (Uria aalge) eggs laid by 43 females in 3 small breeding groups on the cliffs of Skomer Island, Wales, in 2016–2018. Both the colors and maculations varied much more among than within females, providing quantitative evidence for the egg traits that might facilitate the parents’ ability to identify their own eggs on the crowded breeding ledges where the density is typically ~20 eggs m–2. Ground colors had a trimodal distribution of hue values (whitish to pale brown, pale blue, or vivid blue-green) and maculations ranged from none to complex squiggles and blotches. The eggs laid by each female in different years were similar to one another, and replacement eggs laid by females within years were also more similar to their first egg than to other eggs in the same breeding group. Egg appearance did not differ among the 3 breeding groups that we studied. Our findings thus support anecdotal observations that, within and between years, female Common Murres lay eggs that have similar ground colors and maculations. We do not, however, find evidence that there is much difference among the eggs laid in different parts of a colony.
Identifying trajectories of radiographic spinal disease in ankylosing spondylitis: a 15-year follow-up study of the PSOAS cohort
Authors: Hwang Mark C , Lee MinJae , Gensler Lianne S , Brown Matthew A , Tahanan Amirali , Rahbar Mohammad H , Hunter Theresa , Shan Mingyan , Ishimori Mariko L , Reveille John D , Weisman Michael H , Learch Thomas J 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesLittle is known with certainty about the natural history of spinal disease progression in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Our objective was to discover if there were distinct patterns of change in vertebral involvement over time and to study associated clinical factors.MethodsData were analysed from the Prospective Study of Outcomes in Ankylosing Spondylitis (PSOAS) observational cohort. All patients met modified New York Criteria for AS and had ≥2 sets of radiographs scored by modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) by two independent readers between 2002 and 2017. Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) was used to classify patients into distinct groups of longitudinal mSASSS considering sociodemographic and clinical covariables. The optimal trajectory model and number of trajectories was selected using Nagin’s Bayesian information criterion (BIC).ResultsA total of 561 patients with 1618 radiographs were analysed. The optimum number of trajectory groups identified was four (BIC −4062). These groups were subsequently categorized as: non-progressors (204 patients), late-progressors (147 patients), early-progressors (107 patients) and rapid-progressors (103 patients). Baseline predictors associated with higher spinal disease burden groups included: baseline mSASSS, male gender, longer disease duration, elevated CRP and smoking history. In addition, time-varying anti-TNF use per year was associated with decreased mSASSS progression only in the rapid-progressor group.ConclusionsGBTM identified four distinct patterns of spinal disease progression in the PSOAS cohort. Male gender, longer disease duration, elevated CRP and smoking were associated with higher spinal disease groups. Independent confirmation in other AS cohorts is needed to confirm these radiographic patterns.
Retinal degeneration in mice lacking the cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel subunit CNGA1
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Yafang , Xiao Yushu , Li Xiaomeng , Ruan Shang , Luo Xueting , Wan Xiaoling , Wang Fenghua , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCyclic nucleotide‐gated (CNG) channels are important mediators in the transduction pathways of rod and cone photoreceptors. Native CNG channels are heterotetramers composed of homologous A and B subunits. Biallelic mutations in CNGA1 or CNGB1 genes result in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). To investigate the pathogenic mechanism of CNG channel‐associated retinal degeneration, we developed a mouse model of CNGA1 knock‐out using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We observed progressive retinal thinning and a concomitant functional deficit in vivo as typical phenotypes for RP. Immunofluorescence and TUNEL staining showed progressive degeneration in rods and cones. Moreover, microglial activation and oxidative stress damage occurred in parallel. RNA‐sequencing analysis of the retinae suggested down‐regulated synaptic transmission and phototransduction as early as 9 days postnatal, possibly inducing later photoreceptor degeneration. In addition, the down‐regulated PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway indicated upregulation of autophagic process, and chaperone‐mediated autophagy was further shown to coincide with the time course of photoreceptor death. Taken together, our studies add to a growing body of research exploring the mechanisms of photoreceptor death during RP progression and provide a novel CNGA1 knockout mouse model for potential development of therapies.
Nanoparticles in allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Longo Alessandra , Longo Valeria , Colombo Paolo 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
Allergen immunotherapy is the only recognized causal treatment for allergic disease that modulates the immune system toward a tolerogenic or desensitized state. Allergens or their derivative preparations are formulated with adjuvants of different origin and having diverse immunological functions, such as prolonged tissue release and specific immunomodulatory properties. In the last 2 decades, thanks to developments in the field of nanotechnology, more biosafe nanoscale materials have become available for use as pharmaceutical adjuvants in medical research.

Recent findings
Nanomaterials possess unique and versatile properties which can be employed to develop drug carriers with safer profiles, better stability in physiological conditions and immunomodulatory properties. Nanoparticles can have an adjuvant effect per se or also when they are packed in structures whose physical–chemical properties can be handled in a way that also influences its release dynamics. In particular, it has been suggested that nanoparticle preparations can be put in complexes or loaded with allergens or allergenic extracts, opening the way to innovative paradigms.

Summary
In this review, we analyze allergen/nanoparticle properties in terms of cytotoxicity, stability and immunogenic reaction in in-vitro and animal systems.
Sedation/analgesia techniques for nonoperating room anesthesia: new drugs and devices
Authors: Finlay Janna E. , Leslie Kate 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
The purpose of this article is to review new drugs and devices for nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA).

Recent findings
Remimazolam is an ultra-short-acting, water-soluble intravenous benzodiazepine with a fast onset and offset that has been approved recently for use in procedural sedation. Phase III trials have established the effectiveness of remimazolam sedation compared with placebo and midazolam in gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy. More research is required investigating remimazolam in real-world NORA settings, including comparisons with propofol sedation. Oliceridine is a μ-agonist with selectivity for the G protein pathway and low potency for β-arrestin recruitment. As such it may be associated with less nausea, vomiting and respiratory depression than traditional opioids used. Although no studies have been published about oliceridine use in NORA to date, results from surgical studies indicate a potential place in nonoperating room practice. Research continues into alternative methods of drug delivery, such as patient-controlled sedation but no new devices are described.

Summary
Further studies are required before these new drugs and devices are embraced in NORA.
Secondary Traumatic Stress and Vigor Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Personnel
Authors: Nissanholtz Gannot Rachel , Hamama Raz Yaira , Stein Iris , Hochwald Ori 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The demanding and highly stressful work environment of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has led to the identification of a possible psychological stress reaction among NICU nurses and physicians, termed secondary traumatic stress (STS).

Purpose:
The current study aimed to explore the association between vigor at work (as an energy resource) and STS, while considering their association with the professional role (nurses/physicians—as a condition resource) as well as with coping flexibility (as a personal resource).

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study physicians and nurses working in NICUs across Israel completed a questionnaire comprising sections on demographics and professional characteristics, self-rated health, STS, coping flexibility, and vigor.

Results:
Of 280 physicians and nurses approached, 70% (195) completed the questionnaire. No significant differences between nurses and physicians were found in STS adjusted for gender, being in a committed relationship, and seniority in the NICU. Vigor was negatively correlated with STS—both in the entire sample and for each professional role alone. Coping flexibility was a statistically significant moderator between vigor and STS, whereas the interaction between vigor and professional role was not significant. Specifically, the negative relationship between vigor and STS was significant when coping flexibility was more than 10.10 (61% of the participants) but not significant at lower values.

Implications for Practice and Research:
The understanding of the relationship between vigor and STS, with coping flexibility as its moderator, encourages an intervention aimed at reducing stress by increasing these resources.
Biomarkers in systemic sclerosis: mechanistic insights into pathogenesis and treatment
Authors: Arron Joseph R. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is heterogenous on molecular, cellular, tissue, and clinical levels. Although many biomarkers have been described in clinical studies, few have been rigorously mapped to specific molecular pathways, tissue pathologies, and clinical manifestations. A focused assessment of peripheral blood levels of C–C Motif Chemokine Ligand-18 (CCL18) and periostin illustrates how biomarkers can link molecular mediators to clinical outcomes.

Recent findings
CCL18 is produced by pulmonary macrophages in response to type 2 cytokines and IL6. Elevated serum CCL18 is associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) in SSc patients and is prognostic for ILD progression. It is pharmacologically modulated by IL6 inhibition, and associated with stabilization of lung function decline but not with improvements in skin fibrosis. Periostin is produced by dermal fibroblasts in SSc in response to type 2 cytokines and transforming growth factor-beta. Elevated serum periostin is associated with cutaneous disease in SSc patients but not ILD. Other cell- and tissue-specific biomarkers detectable in peripheral blood and informative with respect to SSc pathogenesis include KL-6 and SP-D in lung epithelium, osteopontin in lung macrophages, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in dermal fibroblasts.

Summary
Blood biomarkers related to specific molecular mediators, cell types, and tissues of origin can help to link therapeutic targets to treatable traits in SSc.
Urinary Bladder Matrix Grafting: A Simple and Effective Alternative to Flap Coverage for Wounds in High-Risk Orthopaedic Trauma Patients
Authors: Parry Joshua A. , Shannon Steven F. , Strage Katya E. , Hadeed Michael M. , Heare Austin , Stacey Stephen , Hammerberg E. Mark , Mauffrey Cyril 
Published: August 2021

Summary:
Complex traumatic and/or infected wounds and their sequelae are a significant burden for high-volume trauma centers. Local or free flap coverage options are well described; however, they may be high risk in poor hosts with multiple comorbidities and active infections. In addition, flap coverage can result in delays in wound coverage depending on specialist availability. Porcine urinary bladder matrix grafting has been shown to be a simple definitive wound coverage option that can be performed without delay in multiple patient populations for wounds that would otherwise require flap coverage. The purpose of this article was to describe a technique for urinary bladder matrix grafting and report on a series of orthopaedic trauma patients treated with this technique.
Lymphoid-biased hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid-biased hematopoietic progenitor cells have radioprotection activity
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , O’Neill Aled , Xie Miner , Wu Peng , Wang Xiaofang , Bai Haitao , Dong Fang , Wang Jinhong , Zhang Qingyun , Suda Toshio , Ema Hideo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Radioprotection was previously considered as a function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, recent studies have reported its activity in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). To address this issue, we compared the radioprotection activity in 2 subsets of HSCs (nHSC1 and 2 populations) and 4 subsets of HPCs (nHPC1–4 populations) of the mouse bone marrow, in relation to their in vitro and in vivo colony-forming activity. Significant radioprotection activity was detected in the nHSC2 population enriched in lymphoid-biased HSCs. Moderate radioprotection activity was detected in nHPC1 and 2 populations enriched in myeloid-biased HPCs. Low radioprotection activity was detected in the nHSC1 enriched in myeloid-biased HSCs. No radioprotection activity was detected in the nHPC3 and 4 populations that included MPP4 (LMPP). Single-cell colony assay combined with flow cytometry analysis showed that the nHSC1, nHSC2, nHPC1, and nHPC2 populations had the neutrophils/macrophages/erythroblasts/megakaryocytes (nmEMk) differentiation potential whereas the nHPC3 and 4 populations had only the nm differentiation potential. Varying day 12 spleen colony-forming units (day 12 CFU-S) were detected in the nHSC1, nHSC2, and nHPC1–3 populations, but very few in the nHPC4 population. These data suggested that nmEMk differentiation potential and day 12 CFU-S activity are partially associated with radioprotection activity. Reconstitution analysis showed that sufficient myeloid reconstitution around 12 to 14 days after transplantation was critical for radioprotection. This study implied that radioprotection is specific to neither HSC nor HPC populations, and that lymphoid-biased HSCs and myeloid-biased HPCs as populations play a major role in radioprotection.
Open questions and controversies in the systemic treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Barrios Carlos Henrique , Reinert Tomás 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
Personalized therapy has revolutionized our approach to breast cancer (BC). Patient selection strategies and new biomarkers are the basis for increasingly complex diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. In this short review, we discuss recent developments in breast oncology, focusing on controversial topics with relevance for clinical practice.

Recent findings
The use of gene expression signatures to guide adjuvant therapy in hormone receptor-positive tumors and personalized strategies for systemic treatment of early stage HER2-positive disease represent significant advances. Additionally, the current role of platinum salts, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CDK4/6 inhibitors in the (neo)adjuvant treatment remains controversial, with several ongoing randomized clinical trials exploring their use. In the metastatic disease setting, we identify important unmet needs such as the development of predictive biomarkers and the definition of the ideal sequencing algorithm with the incorporation of innovative agents in all subtypes of BC.

Summary
Advances in understanding the molecular biology and heterogeneity of BC have led to the development of new biomarkers and therapeutic agents that significantly impact current and future clinical practice.
Postoperative Outcomes of Local Skin Flaps Used in Oncologic Reconstructive Surgery of the Nasal Ala: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nicholas Mathew N. , Liu Annie , Jia Jocelyn , Chan Airiss R. , Eisen Daniel B. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
Despite numerous options for nasal ala reconstruction, advantages and disadvantages of each method are unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To summarize reported outcomes of local flaps without the use of grafts for nasal ala oncologic reconstructive surgery.

METHODS
A nasal ala-specific protocol was adapted from a previous head- and neck-specific PROSPERO submission (CRD42017071596). The search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL on December 23, 2017 and updated on May 10, 2019. Two reviewers screened 9,313 results from head and neck literature. Study bias was evaluated with the ROBINS-I tool.

RESULTS
Subunit-based categorization of included studies identified 12 nasal ala-specific publications. Complications (flap necrosis, hematoma, wound infections, trapdoor deformities, and dehiscence), functional (nasal valve or respiratory dysfunction), and cosmetic (alar rim distortion/asymmetry/notching, secondary/revisionary procedures, and patient satisfaction) outcomes were extracted.

CONCLUSION
Generally favorable outcomes are seen in all flaps. Careful consideration of donor sites for interpolation flaps is needed for optimal cosmetic outcomes. Transposition flaps, including laterally based bilobed and trilobed flaps, created good outcomes, although melolabial transposition flaps may produce poorer outcomes compared with melolabial island pedicle advancement flaps. Caution is needed for rotation flaps to prevent nasal valve/respiratory dysfunction due to alar crease contracture or ridge elevation. Further research is needed.