bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of a halotolerant lipase from Halomonas sp. strain C2SS100: Optimization by response‐surface methodology and application in detergent formulations
Authors: Khmaissa Marwa , Hadrich Bilel , Chamkha Mohamed , Sayari Adel , Fendri Ahmed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work was to optimize the production of a new lipase by a halotolerant bacterial strain Halomonas sp. C2SS100, by means of the response‐surface methodology (RSM). The process parameters having the most significant effect on lipase production were identified using the Plackett–Burman screening design‐of‐experiments. Then, Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize lipase activity and the quadratic regression model of the lipase production was built. Indeed, the lipase yield was increased, and the value obtained experimentally (39 ± 2 U/ml) was very close to the rate predicted by the model (40.3 U/ml). Likewise, optimization of parameters by RSM resulted in 2.78‐fold increase in lipase activity. These findings provide the first report on lipase production and optimization by a halotolerant bacterial strain belonging to Halomonas genus. Afterward, the biochemical properties of the produced lipase were studied for apply in oil stains removal. The crude lipase showed a maximum activity at 60°C and at pH ranging from 7 to 10. It displayed an important stability at high temperature, pH, and NaCl. Interestingly, this bacterial lipase exhibited a prominent stability toward some commercial solid and liquid detergents after 30 min of incubation at 50°C. The capability of the crude lipase to eliminate stain was ascertained on polycotton fabric pieces stained with lubricating oil. Whether with the addition of hot water alone or of a commercially available detergent, lipase is able to considerably boost the elimination of oil stains. The actual findings highlight the capacity of Halomonas sp. lipase for energy‐efficient biocatalytic application.
Intradiscal injection for the management of low back pain
Authors: Zhang Fu , Wang Songjuan , Li Baoliang , Tian Wei , Zhou Zhiyu , Liu Shaoyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLow back pain (LBP) is a common clinical problem and a major cause of physical disability, imposing a prominent socioeconomic burden. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has been considered the main cause of LBP. The current treatments have limited efficacy because they cannot address the underlying degeneration. With an increased understanding of the complex pathological mechanism of IDD, various medications and biological reagents have been used for intradiscal injection for the treatment of LBP. There is increasing clinical evidence showing the benefits of these therapies on symptomatic relief and their potential for disc repair and regeneration by targeting the disrupted pathways underlying the cause of the disease. A brief overview of the potential and limitations for these therapies are provided in this review, based on the recent and available data from clinical trials and systematic reviews. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.
Soil organic matter and geochemical characteristics shape microbial community composition and structure across different land uses in an Australian wet tropical catchment
Authors: Bahadori Mohammad , Wang Jun‐Tao , Shen Ju‐pei , Lewis Stephen , Rezaei Rashti Mehran , Chen Chengrong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoil characteristics vary across land uses, and soil microbial communities are likely to respond to such variations. However, such responses are not well understood. In this study, we examined how specific changes in soil organic matter (SOM) and geochemical characteristics influenced the bacterial and fungal community composition and structure across land uses. Soil samples were collected from grazing, sugarcane, forest and banana land uses in the Johnstone River catchment (wet tropics), northeastern Australia. High‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS amplicons were employed to characterise soil bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Bacterial and fungal α‐diversity did not differ across land uses, whereas strong shifts in their community composition and structure were evident. Patterns in microbial community composition were strongly (p < 0.01) associated with changes in soil total organic carbon and nitrogen (TOC and TN), TOC:TN ratio, hot‐water extractable organic carbon (HWEOC) and soil geochemical characteristics (e.g., pH, Co, Mn, K, Mg and P contents). Distinct bacterial community composition was observed in forest soils, while fungal communities were similar in banana and forest soils compared with sugarcane and grazing. Overall, our results showed that SOM characteristics were the major driver on structuring soil microbial communities across land uses, while soil bacterial communities were more sensitive to variations in SOM and geochemical characteristics compared with fungi. Results from this study have implications for developing more targeted management practices across different land uses to improve soil health and ecosystem function in a wet tropical area.
“Photon recycling” can enhance cutaneous response to lasers: A pilot human study
Authors: Ross Edward V. , Raythen Jill , Anderson R. Rox 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDepending on wavelength and pigmentation, human skin can reflect up to 70% of incident laser light.AimsWe tested the hypothesis that returning (“recycling”) this diffusely reflected light to the site of laser exposure would increase cutaneous response.Materials and MethodsThirteen adult volunteers with Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV participated in this IRB‐approved study. Matched contralateral test sites on the volar forearms were exposed to a pulsed dye laser operated at 585 nm, 450 microseconds pulse duration in a uniform 5 mm circular exposure spot without skin cooling. On one arm, the laser handpiece was fitted with an aluminized hemispherical mirror with a reflectance of 67%. The minimum fluence causing skin purpura, and the purpura lesion diameter were measured.ResultsThe mean purpura threshold fluence with the reflector was 3.1 J/cm2 (0.5 SD), and 3.7 J/cm2 without the reflector (0.36 SD) (p < 0.001). The mean laser‐induced purpura lesion diameter was approximately 5.3 mm with the reflector and 5.0 mm without the reflector.ConclusionConsistent with a theoretical model and in vitro measurements, this human study confirms that “recycling” reflected laser light can increase skin response. Potentially, the therapeutic response can also be improved with “photon recycling.”
Fabrication of a 3D Printed PCL Nerve Guide: In Vitro and In Vivo Testing
Authors: Dursun Usal Tugba , Yesiltepe Metin , Yucel Deniz , Sara Yıldırım , Hasirci Vasif 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNerve guides are medical devices designed to guide proximal and distal ends of injured peripheral nerves in order to assist regeneration of the damaged nerves. A 3D‐printed polycaprolactone (PCL) nerve guide using an aligned gelatin‐poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) electrospun mat, seeded with PC12 and Schwann cells (SCs) is produced. During characterization with microCT and SEM porosity (55%), pore sizes (675 ± 40 µm), and fiber diameters (382 ± 25 µm) are determined. Electrospun fibers have degree of alignment of 7°, indicating high potential for guidance. On Day 14, PC12 cells migrated from proximal to distal end of nerve guide when SCs are seeded on the guide. After 28 days, over 95% of PC12 are alive and aligned. PC12 cells express early differentiation marker beta‐tubulin 10 times more than late marker NeuN. In a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve injury, functional recovery evaluated by using static sciatic index (SSI) is observed in mat‐free guides and guides containing mat and SCs. Nerve conduction velocities are also improved in these groups. Histological stainings showed tissue growth around nerve guides with highest new tissue organization being observed with mat and cell‐free guides. These suggest 3D‐printed PCL nerve guides have significant potential for treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
Toughening Wet‐Spun Silk Fibers by Silk Nanofiber Templating
Authors: Yao Ya , Allardyce Benjamin J. , Rajkhowa Rangam , Hegh Dylan , Qin Si , Usman Ken Aldren S. , Mota‐Santiago Pablo , Zhang Jizhen , Lynch Peter , Wang Xungai , Kaplan David L. , Razal Joselito M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRegenerated silk fibers typically fall short of silkworm cocoon fibers in mechanical properties due to reduced fiber crystal structure and alignment. One approach to address this has been to employ inorganic materials as reinforcing agents. The present study avoids the need for synthetic additives, demonstrating the first use of exfoliated silk nanofibers to control silk solution crystallization, resulting in all‐silk pseudocomposite fibers with remarkable mechanical properties. Incorporating only 0.06 wt% silk nanofibers led to a ≈44% increase in tensile strength (over 600 MPa) and ≈33% increase in toughness (over 200 kJ kg−1) compared with fibers without silk nanofibers. These remarkable properties can be attributed to nanofiber crystal seeding in conjunction with fiber draw. The crystallinity nearly doubled from ≈17% for fiber spun from pure silk solution to ≈30% for the silk nanofiber reinforced sample. The latter fiber also shows a high degree of crystal orientation with a Herman's orientation factor of 0.93, a value which approaches that of natural degummed B. mori silk cocoon fiber (0.96). This study provides a strong foundation to guide the development of simple, eco‐friendly methods to spin regenerated silk with excellent properties and a hierarchical structure that mimics natural silk.
Estimation of Dipole Moments of New Coumarin Dye by Experimental and Theoretical Methods
Authors: Patil Omnath , P.K. Ingalagondi , Hanagodimath S. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of coumarin dye, 4‐((4‐methoxyphenoxy) methyl)‐6‐methoxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (4‐MPMMC) in different polarity solvents are recorded. The effects of solvent polarity on the spectral properties are discussed. It is found that, spectrum peak shifts toward higher wavelength, as the solvent polarity changes. The ground (µg) and excited state (µe) dipole moments are estimated using Lippert's, Bakshiev's, and Kawski‐Chamma‐Viallet's equations. The µe values are found to be higher than µg values for all solvents. This suggests that the dye is more polar in excited state than in ground state. Computational studies are done using Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD‐DFT), DFT, and Zindo methods with the help of Gaussian16W; Integral Equation Formalism Polarizable Continuum Model (IEFPCM). Further, the excited state dipole moments are estimated in different solvents and are compared with the experimental results. The reactive centers like electrophilic and nucleophilic sites are identified along with contour action using electrostatic potential (ESP) 3D map using DFT analysis.
Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Absorption of L‐Valine Capped Zn‐Doped MgO Nanoparticles
Authors: Tamgadge Yuoraj S. , Muley Gajanan G. , Thakre Narendra B. , Khangar Sugandha V. , Ganorkar Rajesh P. , Bakale Reena Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, synthesis, structural, linear, and nonlinear optical properties of L‐valine capped Zn doped MgO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported. L‐valine capped (15 mol%) MgO NPs doped with Zn (1, 2, and 5 wt%) are obtained by chemical co‐precipitation method and are calcined at 500°C for 2 h. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows major reflections at 2θ = 42.91°, 62.11°, and 78.34° corresponding to (200), (220), and (222) planes of MgO with a face‐centered cubic structure, respectively, and the average particle size is found to be 13 nm. Surface morphology is studied using HR‐TEM and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) attests the purity of prepared samples. Utraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopic studies of both uncalcined and calcined samples attest the formation of NPs and strong blue shift in the excitonic absorption has been observed. Samples have been characterized for third‐order nonlinear absorption using open aperture z‐scan technique under continuous wave (CW) He‐Ne laser and are found to exhibit strong nonlinear absorption coefficient due to thermal effect.
Influence of Eucalyptus Leaves Extract on Antibacterial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Rajoba Swapnil J. , Tate Dipali S. , Tate Sandeep S. , Kale Rajendra D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the current research work, zinc oxide nano particles are synthesized by simple precipitation method and studied its antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity can be successfully enhanced for some kind of bacterium after the addition of eucalyptus leaves extract. The structural, morphological, and elemental properties of synthesized material and the effect of eucalyptus leaves extract on these properties are studied by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning electron Microscopy (FESEM), and elemental analysis (EDAX). Enhanced crystalline size and porosity is observed after the addition of eucalyptus leaves extract while synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO). In addition, eucalyptus leaves extract assists to avoid agglomeration of ZnO nano particles. Role of eucalyptus leaves extract in the antibacterial activity of synthesized ZnO nano particles are studied against gram positive bacterium (Bacillus) and gram negative bacterium (Escherichia coli). It reveals that after addition of eucalyptus leaves extract, antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus) is enhanced. However, it does not show any antibacterial activity on a gram negative bacterium (E. coli). The eucalyptus leaves extract may be responsible for the resistance against E. coli.
Structural, Morphological, and Vibrational Properties of Porous α‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Prepared by Combustion method
Authors: Rajoba Swapnil J. , Badabade A. R. , Pingale P. C. , Kale Rajendra D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIron oxide (α‐Fe2O3) nano particles are synthesized by solution combustion technique where glycine is used as a fuel. The current work describes role of fuel in the formation of α‐Fe2O3phase.Citric acid and glycine is used as a fuel to study the role of fuel in the phase formation and its impact on structural properties. X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy is used to study its structural properties. As revealed in XRD, single phase α‐Fe2O3 is obtained in glycine‐assisted combustion. Further, as prepared α‐Fe2O3 is calcined at different temperature, it is observed that crystallanity of α‐Fe2O3is enhanced with the calcination temperature. Raman spectroscopy is employed to study vibrational modes of molecule. Morphology of calcined material is studied by using FESEM. These results reveal that, fuel plays a key role in the phase formation of α‐Fe2O3 and gases released during combustion are responsible for the morphology.
Synthesis of Calcium Ferrite by Inherent Source for Ethanol Sensor
Authors: Pakhare Keshav S. , Sargar Balasaheb M. , Patil Pravin R. , Manakapure Rakshanda R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, CaFe2O4 is successfully synthesized with a natural source of precursors by the milling method. The X‐ray diffraction confirms the orthorhombic CaFe2O4 compound. Scanning electron microscopy shows agglomerated porous crystalline type morphology. Photoluminescence spectra show that CaFe2O4 absorbs visible regain at wavelength 584 nm. The synthesized CaFe2O4 compound shows p‐type gas sensing behavior and high gas response towards ethanol 38.4% at 225˚C operating temperature at a concentration of 120 ppm ethanol gas.
Effect of Nitrogen Doping on Structural and Optical Properties of TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Deshmukh Sandip B. , Deshmukh Kalyani H. , Mane Maheshkumar L. , Mane Dhananjay V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTiO2 has materialized as an excellent heterogeneous photocatalyst for environmental and energy fields, including air and water splitting. It has 3.2 eV band gap with the absorption edge at near‐UV light. Tuning of the band gap of TiO2 into visible region is achieved by the doping of nitrogen. The optimum compositions of N doped TiO2 NPs are prepared by sol‐gel method at room temperature. The structural phase formation of materials is analyzed by XRD studies, which shows anatase phase. The crystallite size is calculated from XRD data, which is in nanometer range. FTIR spectra are studied to confirm the O‐Ti‐O, O‐Ti‐N bonding in N‐doped TiO2 and formation of ‐OH groups on the surface, which can extensively affect the TiO2 band structure and surface of catalyst. The morphology of samples is investigated by FESEM and HR‐TEM. The compositional stoichiometry is confirmed by EDAX analysis. An optical study is confirmed by UV‐Visible spectrophotometer.
Surface Functionalized Superparamagnetic Zn‐Mg Ferrite Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Application Towards Noninvasive Cancer Treatment
Authors: Somvanshi Sandeep B. , Kharat Prashant B. , Jadhav K. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSurface‐functionalized superparamagnetic Zn‐Mg ferrite (Zn0.4Mg0.6Fe2O4) nanoparticles are prepared by sol‐gel self‐combustion route. The surface‐modified Zn‐Mg Ferrite nanoparticles are characterized by standard techniques. XRD pattern of the prepared sample ensures the nanocrystalline single phasic cubic spinel structure. FT‐IR spectra reveals the presence of vibrational frequency‐modes belonging to spinel structure and successful coating of oleic acid (OA) over Zn‐Mg Ferrite. The nano‐size spherical grains with some agglomeration and OA coating over Zn‐Mg Ferrite are visualized in FE‐SEM images. The hydrophilic surface of Zn‐Mg Ferrite is confirmed by water contact‐angle measurements. The BET surface‐area is evaluated by recording N2‐isotherms. The M‐H plots confirm the superparamagnetic nature of the prepared sample. The colloidal stability and distribution of particle sizes are estimated by Zeta potential and DLS measurements. Magnetic hyperthermia studies are carried out for different concentrations (2, 4, and 6 mg mL–1) of the prepared sample. The biocompatible nature for the prepared sample is studied by cell‐viability studies. All these results ensure the implementation of OA‐coated Zn‐Mg Ferrite nanoparticles with minimum dose rate (6 mg mL–1) in magnetic hyperthermia therapies for noninvasive cancer treatment.
Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties of Cobalt Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Pawar Charudatta S. , Yadav A. T. , Salunkhe S. P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCobalt oxide thin films are successfully synthesized by sol‐gel spin coating method. The XRD study shows that the cobalt oxide thin films annealed at 400°C exhibit cubic polycrystalline structure. SEM images show a well adherent and uniform formation of cobalt oxide thin films with nanosized grains‐like morphology. From the optical study, the direct optical band gap values of as‐deposited and annealed cobalt oxide films are found to lie between 1.42–2.05 and 1.36–1.94 eV. The absorption coefficient of the cobalt oxide is found to be in the order of 104 cm−1. High refractive index of cobalt oxide indicates that it can be used as one of the layers in multilayer antireflection coatings.
Murraya koenigii Assisted Synthesis of Bioactive Silver Nanomaterial
Authors: Pawar Chandrakant A. , Sharma Ashok K. , Prasad Neeraj R. , Suryawanshi Suresh S. , Yewale Manesh A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerein, an attempt has been made to synthesize silver nanoparticles from Murraya koenigii leaf extract at room temperature. The synthesized materials are stable for several months. The UV‐vis spectrophotometric analysis is carried out to ensure the formation of silver nanomaterials. XRD pattern confirms the formation of polycrystalline silver nanomaterials with the cubic crystal structure. Irregularly shaped particles are observed under field emission scanning electron microscopic observations. Elemental studies show the presence of Ag and O elements. The synthesized nanomaterial is multi‐applicative and shows potential efficacy against pathogenic microorganisms like Pseudomonas aeruginasa and Staphylococcus aureus. The results show that the leaf extract of M. koenigii is an efficient bio‐reductant for the synthesis of silver nanomaterials. The synthesized nanoparticles show potent anti‐microbial activities against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria under study.
Green synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) using Acacia concinna fruit extract and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Mane‐Gavade Shubhangi , Malgave Arihant , Nikam Gurunath , Koli Amruta , Supale Amit , Sabale Sandip 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper describes green, simple, and efficient method for the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) using Acacia concinna fruit extract for the first time. A. concinna fruit extract is used as reducing and stabilizing agent. Reduction of Fe3+ ions by A. concinna fruit extract is examined by UV‐visible absorption spectra (UV‐Vis‐NIR). To recognize the functional group responsible for Fe3O4, the NPs are characterized by Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy (FTIR). The structural analysis of Fe3O4 NPs is done by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) which confirms cubic spinel structure and the average crystallite size of obtained NPs is found to be 28 nm. The morphological studies of Fe3O4 NPs are done by scanning electron microscope (SEM) which depicts the quasi‐spherical morphology. The green synthesized Fe3O4 NPs shows distinctive antibacterial activities against gram‐negative E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganism which confirms its potential in biomedical applications.
Low‐cost Fabrication of Zn‐doped MnFe2O4 (Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) Film for H2S Gas Sensing Applications
Authors: Kharat Prashant B. , Somvanshi Sandeep B. , Somwanshi Saurabh B. , Mopari Anuja M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMulticomponent spinel ferrites are essential to be used in high‐performance gas‐sensing materials. In the present work, Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 spinel ferrite thin film is prepared via spray printing technique. The prepared film can be easily retrieved and utilized for multiple cycles due to its magnetic properties. The morphology, composition, and crystal structure of Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 spinel ferrite thin film are examined using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The produced films are in the range of around 20 nm and manifest spinel cubic structure. The prepared film is tested for its sensitivity to NO2, NH3, H2, and H2S gases, and the Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 spinel ferrite thin film is found the most sensitive and selective to H2S gas. The prepared Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 spinel ferrite thin film shows enhanced sensing performance functional at low temperatures, and consequently, they need low operational power. They are also simple to fabricate at the appropriate cost.
Size Dependent Chemical Synthesis of Defective In2O3 Microcubes as NO2 Sensor
Authors: More Suraj M. , Pawar Krishna K. , Salokhe Balaji S. , Bobhate Pradip A. , Gonugade Madhuri D. , Dhawale Rushikesh D. , Sharma Kiran Kumar K. , Patil Pramod S. , Gurav Kishor V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndium oxide microcubes (IMCs) have been systematically synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The size of IMCs is systematically controlled by varying urea concentration (0.05–0.25 M) in the bath. The phase pure cubic indium oxide (In2O3) with preferred orientation along (222) direction is observed. The size of IMCs changes from 0.4 to 1.2 μm by varying urea concentrations. The urea concentration dependent plausible growth mechanism of IMCs is proposed. The defective IMCs have effectively used as NO2 sensors and have shown a gas response of 180 under the exposure of 80 ppm NO2 gas at low‐operating temperature (100 °C). However, IMCs exhibited shorter response (Rs = 4 s) and recovery time (Rc = 100 s) for 80 ppm NO2 gas. IMCs have shown selective to NO2 than NH3, CO2, and acetone.