bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More and better video evidence for police investigations of shootings: Chicago's area technology centers
Authors: Cook Philip J. , Berglund Anthony 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to describe the creation, implementation, activities and rationale for the Area Technology Centers (ATCs), an innovation adopted by the Chicago Police Department’s (CPD’s) Bureau of Detectives (BoD) in 2019 for the purpose of supporting investigations of crimes of serious violence by deploying specialized teams of officers to gather and process video and digital evidence.Design/methodology/approachThis case study utilizes historical information and descriptive data generated by a record-keeping system adopted by the ATCs.FindingsThe ATCs were developed as a collaboration between the CPD and the University of Chicago Crime Lab (a research center). The start-up was funded by a gift from the Griffin Foundation. Detectives have made extensive use of the services provided by the ATCs from the beginning, with the result that homicide and shooting investigations now have access to more video and digital evidence that has been processed by state-of-the-art equipment. The CPD has assumed budget responsibility for the ATCs, which is an indication of their success. The ATC teams have been assembled by voluntary transfers by sworn officers, together with an embedded analyst from the University of Chicago.Practical implicationsThe ATC model could be adopted by other large police departments. The study finds that ATCs can be effectively staffed by redeploying and training existing staff and that their operation does not require a budget increase.Social implicationsBy arguably making police investigations of shooting cases more efficient, the ATCs have the potential to increase the clearance rate and thereby prevent future gun violence.Originality/valueThe ATCs are a novel response to the challenges of securing and making good use of video and digital evidence in police investigations.
Forest thinning in the seaward fringe speeds up surface elevation increment and carbon accumulation in managed mangrove forests
Authors: Chen Luzhen , Lin Qiulian , Krauss Ken W. , Zhang Yun , Cormier Nicole , Yang Qiong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Mangroves are significant carbon (C) sinks and ecological engineers as they accumulate sediments and increase soil surface elevation. Thus, the forest management practice of thinning may not only alter forest structure, but also facilitate new biogeomorphological processes that affect soil development. Thinning may create additional opportunity for understorey species, such as the light‐demanding Acanthus ilicifolius, to become a more prominent vegetation component of mangroves, which may further alter soil surface elevation trajectories.

Forest structure and soil surface elevation change (SEC) were monitored along transects from the landward edge (upper intertidal) to seaward fringe before and after thinning of non‐native Sonneratia apetala plantations along the seaward edge of a mangrove site in China. Soil C accumulation was also evaluated.

Acanthus individuals colonized the forest gaps created by Sonneratia thinning in the seaward forest edge of the intertidal zones. In the absence of other pioneer species or other mangrove propagules/seeds, Acanthus pioneers occupied the areas rapidly (from 33.6 to 72.6 stems/m2), and were successful opportunists.

Newly colonizing Acanthus vegetation significantly increased SEC from 25.1 mm/year before Sonneratia was thinned to 46.5 mm/year after thinning‐induced Acanthus occupation. Furthermore, Acanthus occupation enhanced soil C accumulation at the seaward edge to 49.9 MgC ha−1 year−1; a rate twofold higher than in the Sonneratia plantation before thinning.

Synthesis and applications. Prolific Acanthus growth formed small elevation mounds on the seaward forest edge, which was suspected as a positive effect induced by thinning Sonneratia plantations that further facilitated colonization of Acanthus clones. Thinning non‐native Sonneratia disturbed the established zonation, altered SEC, and is facilitating further succession of these mangrove forests into un‐occupied aquatic areas. Higher elevations created by Acanthus expansion (vertically and horizontally) may further promote a greater percentage of landward edge mangrove species to colonize at these more favourable intertidal elevations yielding at least short‐term gains in soil carbon accumulation by altering ecosystem function. Silvicultural activity should consider unintended influences on sedimentation patterns both in situ and in adjacent habitats in tidal forests, where small elevation changes affect mangrove species habitat preferences.
New insights into the diversity and evolution of the archaeal mobilome from three complete genomes of Saccharolobus shibatae
Authors: Medvedeva Sofia , Brandt David , Cvirkaite‐Krupovic Virginija , Liu Ying , Severinov Konstantin , Ishino Sonoko , Ishino Yoshizumi , Prangishvili David , Kalinowski Jörn , Krupovic Mart 
Published: July 2021

SummarySaccharolobus (formerly Sulfolobus) shibatae B12, isolated from a hot spring in Beppu, Japan in 1982, is one of the first hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeal species to be discovered. It serves as a natural host to the extensively studied spindle‐shaped virus SSV1, a prototype of the Fuselloviridae family. Two additional Sa. shibatae strains, BEU9 and S38A, sensitive to viruses of the families Lipothrixviridae and Portogloboviridae, respectively, have been isolated more recently. However, none of the strains has been fully sequenced, limiting their utility for studies on archaeal biology and virus–host interactions. Here, we present the complete genome sequences of all three Sa. shibatae strains and explore the rich diversity of their integrated mobile genetic elements (MGE), including transposable insertion sequences, integrative and conjugative elements, plasmids, and viruses, some of which were also detected in the extrachromosomal form. Analysis of related MGEs in other Sulfolobales species and patterns of CRISPR spacer targeting revealed a complex network of MGE distributions, involving horizontal spread and relatively frequent host switching by MGEs over large phylogenetic distances, involving species of the genera Saccharolobus, Sulfurisphaera and Acidianus. Furthermore, we characterize a remarkable case of a virus‐to‐plasmid transition, whereby a fusellovirus has lost the genes encoding for the capsid proteins, while retaining the replication module, effectively becoming a plasmid.
Iron corrosion by methanogenic archaea characterized by stable isotope effects and crust mineralogy
Authors: Tamisier Marc , Schmidt Matthias , Vogt Carsten , Kümmel Steffen , Stryhanyuk Hryhoriy , Musat Niculina , Richnow Hans‐Hermann , Musat Florin 
Published: July 2021

SummaryCarbon and hydrogen stable isotope effects associated with methane formation by the corrosive archaeon Methanobacterium strain IM1 were determined during growth with hydrogen and iron. Isotope analyses were complemented by structural, elemental and molecular composition analyses of corrosion crusts. During growth with H2, strain IM1 formed methane with average δ13C of −43.5‰ and δ2H of −370‰. Corrosive growth led to methane more depleted in 13C, with average δ13C ranging from −56‰ to −64‰ during the early and the late growth phase respectively. The corresponding δ2H were less impacted by the growth phase, with average values ranging from −316 to −329‰. The stable isotope fractionation factors, , were 1.026 and 1.042 for hydrogenotrophic and corrosive growth respectively. Corrosion crusts formed by strain IM1 have a domed structure, appeared electrically conductive and were composed of siderite, calcite and iron sulfide, the latter formed by precipitation of sulfide (from culture medium) with ferrous iron generated during corrosion. Strain IM1 cells were found attached to crust surfaces and encrusted deep inside crust domes. Our results may assist to diagnose methanogens‐induced corrosion in the field and suggest that intrusion of sulfide in anoxic settings may stimulate corrosion by methanogenic archaea via formation of semiconductive crusts.
Managing the Crisis: How COVID‐19 Demands Interact with Agile Project Management in Predicting Employee Exhaustion
Authors: Koch Jan , Schermuly Carsten C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a global pandemic, COVID‐19 impacts work‐related processes, placing strain upon many employees in project teams. Identifying process variables and potential organizational resources can play an important role in addressing employee mental health, both for the current pandemic and future crises. Based on an extension of the job demands–resources model, this paper introduces COVID‐19 demands as distal job demands, examining their influence on emotional exhaustion through proximal unfinished tasks. Furthermore, we suggest that agile project management acts as a buffering job resource in this relationship. In two studies, we drew samples from Germany (N = 168) and the USA (N = 292). Across studies, COVID‐19 demands had an indirect effect on emotional exhaustion, mediated by unfinished tasks. Furthermore, agile project management acts as a buffering job resource for individuals in Germany, attenuating the relationship between COVID‐19 demands, unfinished tasks and subsequent feelings of emotional exhaustion. In contrast, findings from Study 2 revealed that COVID‐19 demands were more strongly related to unfinished tasks and subsequent feelings of emotional exhaustion in the USA when individuals reported higher levels of agile project management. Taken together, our results indicate that project work under COVID‐19 fosters feelings of emotional exhaustion through the accumulation of unfinished tasks.
Between vulnerability and resilience: A contextualist picture of protective epistemic character traits
Authors: Monypenny Alice 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, I argue that focusing on resilience education fails to appropriately reflect the socio-political nature of character. I define protective epistemic character traits (PECTs) as epistemic character traits which aid students in avoiding, limiting or mitigating harm in the classroom. I argue that the relationship between epistemic character and protection in hostile classrooms is importantly influenced by context in two main ways: (1) the exercise and development of some PECTs may carry significant cost for some students, and (2) social and developmental factors may promote or obstruct the development of virtuous PECTs for individual students. I employ two principles from Ian James Kidd's critical character epistemology—aetiological sensitivity and normative contextualism—and propose a revised approach to resilience education. I argue that this revision requires an increased focus on changing underlying structures of oppression and cautions against teaching a standardised list of epistemic virtues.
Learned ignorance: Opposing the scientificising hegemony through Santos, Pope and Hamilton
Authors: Jessop Ralph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA major strand of opposition to the West's/Global North's scientificising hegemony has recently been retrieved through Santos’ reinterpretation of Cusanus’ 15th-century doctrine of learned ignorance. Though Cusanus has been marginalised, his doctrine imbues a profound epistemic humility conducive to our present need to reconfigure education. Contributing to this retrieval, I define learned ignorance as an epistemic principle of humility, adherence to which conduces towards reconditioning learning and teaching as non-finalised, processual activities within a genuinely intercultural pluriverse of knowledges. Agreeing with Santos’ marginalisation thesis and his advocacy of recovering similarly silenced voices from within Western discourse, I argue that learned ignorance in some works of English literature and philosophy has also been marginalised. One of the most famous lines from Pope—‘A little Learningis a dang'rous Thing’—has been widely misunderstood through failing to recognise the poem's learned ignorance elements. My reinterpretation of Pope suggests a possibly more extensive literary form of opposition to the scientificisation of knowledge. I also examine another marginalised, educationally significant retrieval of learned ignorance by Hamilton. His learned ignorance standpoint fundamentally opposes the scientificisation and instrumentalisation of knowledge and learning. The discussion identifies the counterhegemonic status of this epistemic principle of humility and intimates its paradigm-shifting opportunities through some brief closing suggestions concerning how learned ignorance enriches Freire's emphases on the importance of ‘love, humility and faith’ as essential to the ‘horizontal relationship’ between teacher and student of an educational dialogue founded on trust.
Comprehensive review of water management and wastewater treatment in food processing industries in the framework of water‐food‐environment nexus
Authors: Asgharnejad Hashem , Khorshidi Nazloo Ehsan , Madani Larijani Maryam , Hajinajaf Nima , Rashidi Hamidreza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFood processing is among the greatest water‐consuming industries with a significant role in the implementation of sustainable development goals. Water‐consuming industries such as food processing have become a threat to limited freshwater resources, and numerous attempts are being carried out in order to develop and apply novel approaches for water management in these industries. Studies have shown the positive impact of the new methods of process integration (e.g., water pinch, mathematical optimization, etc.) in maximizing water reuse and recycle. Applying these methods in food processing industries not only significantly supported water consumption minimization but also contributed to environmental protection by reducing wastewater generation. The methods can also increase the productivity of these industries and direct them to sustainable production. This interconnection led to a new subcategory in nexus studies known as water‐food‐environment nexus. The nexus assures sustainable food production with minimum freshwater consumption and minimizes the environmental destructions caused by untreated wastewater discharge. The aim of this study was to provide a thorough review of water‐food‐environment nexus application in food processing industries and explore the nexus from different aspects. The current study explored the process of food industries in different sectors regarding water consumption and wastewater generation, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The most recent wastewater treatment methods carried out in different food processing sectors were also reviewed. This review provided a comprehensive literature for choosing the optimum scenario of water and wastewater management in food processing industries.
The parasitoid Closterocerus chamaeleon has a greater development and survival rate than of its hosts, the Eucalyptus gall wasps Ophelimus eucalypti and Ophelimus maskelli in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Hanjelina Br Sinulingga Nike Grace , Tarigan Marthin , de Souza Tavares Wagner , Ansor Khairul , Pasaribu Irfan , Koda Kkadan Srikumar , Angaini Panjaitan Ria , Dewi Puspita Kinanti , Israel Muro Abad Jupiter , Duran Alvaro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOphelimus eucalypti and Ophelimus maskelli are gall wasps that are considered as a threat to the large Eucalyptus commercial plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. However, they are partially suppressed by parasitoids including Closterocerus chamaeleon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longevity and daily survival rate of O. eucalypti, O. maskelli and C. chamaeleon adults when receiving or not receiving food sources and also when reared in four different vial types under two environments (one environmentally controlled and another ambient), in a laboratory in Riau, Sumatra. The rearing test of C. chamaeleon as a biocontrol agent would be used for augmentative releases. We also evaluated the duration of the stages and the complete lifespan (egg → larva → pupa → adult) of O. eucalypti in a greenhouse in Porsea, North Sumatra, Indonesia, where this species is aggressive. With few exceptions, the longevity and survival rate of O. eucalypti, O. maskelli and C. chamaeleon adults was similar between the two conditions. The longevity and survival of C. chamaeleon were much greater than those of its gall wasp hosts, and of O. eucalypti greater than that of O. maskelli. Overall, these parameters were greater for gall wasps and the parasitoid reared in the larger vial types. The food source provided to O. maskelli adults did not however benefit the longevity of this gall wasp in the best tube type. The lifespan of O. eucalypti (mean ± SD of the mean) was 44 ± 6 days in a greenhouse. The much greater longevity and survival rate of C. chamaeleon than those of its hosts are facts that trigger the success of this insect as a gall wasp parasitoid. The higher longevity and survival of O. eucalypti compared to O. maskelli contribute to the higher threat status of O. eucalypti to Eucalyptus.
Vagotomy and the risk of mental disorders: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Bunyoz Artemis H. , Christensen Rune H. B. , Orlovska‐Waast Sonja , Nordentoft Merete , Mortensen Preben B. , Petersen Liselotte V. , Benros Michael E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate vagotomy, the severance of the vagus nerve, and its association with mental disorders, as gut‐brain communication partly mediated by the vagus nerve have been suggested as a risk factor.MethodsNationwide population‐based Danish register study of all individuals alive and living in Denmark during the study period 1977–2016 and who had a hospital contact for ulcer with or without vagotomy. Follow‐up was until any diagnosis of mental disorders requiring hospital contact, emigration, death, or end of follow‐up on December 31, 2016, whichever came first. Data were analyzed using survival analysis and adjusted for sex, age, calendar year, ulcer type, and Charlson comorbidity index score.ResultsDuring the study period, 113,086 individuals had a hospital contact for ulcer. Of these, 5,408 were exposed to vagotomy where 375 (6.9%) subsequently developed a mental disorder. Vagotomy overall was not associated with mental disorders (HR: 1.10; 95%CI: 0.99–1.23), compared to individuals with ulcer not exposed to vagotomy. However, truncal vagotomy was associated with an increased HR of 1.22 (95%CI: 1.06–1.41) for mental disorders, whereas highly selective vagotomy was not associated with mental disorders (HR: 0.98; 95%CI: 0.84–1.15). Truncal vagotomy was also associated with higher risk of mental disorders when compared to highly selective vagotomy (p = 0.034).ConclusionsOverall, vagotomy did not increase the risk of mental disorders; however, truncal vagotomy specifically was associated with a small risk increase in mental disorders, whereas no association was found for highly selective vagotomy. Thus, the vagus nerve does not seem to have a major impact on the development of mental disorders.
The impact of the Italian Space Agency on scientific knowledge: Evidence from academic publications
Authors: Vurchio Davide , Giunta Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIndustrial and research activities in the space sector involve a heterogeneous group of actors such as private and public firms, universities, research institutes and space agencies, collaborating to different stages of missions’ realization. Such collaborations are associated to the creation of spillover effects, proxied in different ways, such as the number of patents recorded, post‐graduate students involved, spin‐off activities and co‐authored papers.The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of the collaboration between universities /research institutes and the Italian Space Agency (ASI). To this aim, we focus on papers where the authors acknowledge grants received by ASI. We use data on publications and citations to capture the association between ASI funding of a large number of scientific articles published in the period 1989–2017 and the quality of research, proxied by the number of citations received.By performing parametric estimates with multiple levels of fixed effects (year, author and coauthors fixed effects), we find that articles mentioning ASI in the funding information are associated to a higher citation impact with respect to articles not financially supported by ASI. Such result suggests a positive impact on the scientific community of public funds granted to universities and research institutes.
Trapped bodies, moving minds: Uncertainty and migration among marginalised urban youth in Ethiopia
Authors: Johnson Vicky , Getu Melese , Getachew Milki , Ahmed Amid , West Andy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper from YOUR World Research highlights and explores the role of positive uncertainty in lives, strategies and transitions towards adulthood of marginalised children and youth in two urban locations in Ethiopia. Young men and women embraced notions of positive uncertainty, making journeys to street situations and internationally in search of more hopeful futures. While youth navigate uncertainty positively in the short term, the research suggests this is temporal and their agency relational and embedded. They seek support from peers but still want to belong and be accepted by their families and communities.
Effect of dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg on weight in patients with type 2 diabetes: Exploratory analyses of AWARD‐11
Authors: Bonora Enzo , Frias Juan P. , Tinahones Francisco J. , Van Joanna , Malik Raleigh E. , Yu Zhuoxin , Mody Reema , Bethel Angelyn , Kwan Anita Y. M. , Cox David A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg versus 1.5 mg on body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) based on exploratory analyses of the AWARD‐11 trial.Materials and MethodsPatients were randomized to once‐weekly dulaglutide 1.5 (n = 612), 3.0 (n = 616) or 4.5 mg (n = 614) for 52 weeks. The primary objective was superiority of dulaglutide 3.0 and/or 4.5 mg over 1.5 mg in HbA1c reduction at 36 weeks. Secondary and exploratory assessments included weight reduction in the overall trial population and baseline body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c subgroups.ResultsAt baseline, patients had a mean age of 57.1 years, HbA1c 8.6% (70 mmol/mol), weight 95.7 kg and BMI 34.2 kg/m2. At 36 weeks, dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg were superior to 1.5 mg for weight change from baseline (1.5 mg, −3.1 kg; 3.0 mg, −4.0 kg [P = .001]; 4.5 mg, −4.7 kg [P < .001]). Higher dulaglutide doses were associated with numerically greater weight reduction compared with 1.5 mg in each baseline BMI and HbA1c subgroup. Absolute weight reduction increased with increasing BMI category, but percentage weight loss was similar between subgroups. Weight reductions with dulaglutide were greater in patients with lower versus higher baseline HbA1c.ConclusionsIn patients with T2D, inadequately controlled by metformin, incremental weight loss was observed with dulaglutide 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mg doses regardless of baseline BMI or HbA1c. Although absolute weight loss was numerically greater in patients with higher baseline BMI, percentage of weight loss was similar between BMI subgroups.