bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new global regulator that facilitates the co‐metabolization of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other nutrients in Novosphingobium
Authors: Rojo Fernando 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn an article in this issue of Environmental Microbiology, Segura et al. report the identification of an unusual global regulator in Novosphingobium sp. HR1a, a metabolically versatile bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere able to assimilate a wide range of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Physiological and transcriptomic assays suggest that this regulator, named PahT, activates the expression of genes involved in the assimilation of PAHs, and of compounds such as sugars and acetate, facilitating their co‐metabolism. This effect is the opposite to the carbon catabolite repression strategy that allows metabolically versatile bacteria to favour the use of some compounds over others. PahT was found to stimulate sugar uptake and metabolization in the presence and absence of PAHs and to facilitate microaerobic respiration if PAHs were present. A survey of the genomes of several Sphingomonadaceae members showed that PahT is not present in all strains of this family, but that it is strongly associated with PAH degradation genes. Since not all PAH‐degrading strains contain pahT, it seems that PahT is not essential for PAH degradation but likely provides a selective advantage to PAH‐degrading strains in environments such as the rhizosphere where other potential carbon sources are available.
The Labour Party Under Keir Starmer: ‘Thanks, But no “isms” Please!’
Authors: Goes Eunice 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Labour leader, Keir Starmer, is under pressure to outline the ideological contours of his political agenda and make big policy announcements. But thus far, the Labour leader has resisted it. This article argues that Starmer's reluctance to reveal his agenda is deliberate and is part of a strategy of ‘ideological quietism’ whose main purpose is to win the support of socially conservative voters.
A review on mechanistic aspects of individual versus combined uses of enzymes as clean label‐friendly dough conditioners in breads
Authors: Dai Yaxi , Tyl Catrin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNumerous dough improvers are used alone or in combination to enhance the quality of baked goods such as breads. While modern consumers demand consistent quality, the expectations for ingredients have changed over the past few years, and reformulations have taken place to provide “clean label” options. However, the effects and mechanisms of blended dough conditioners suitable for such baked products have not been systematically summarized. In this review, dough and bread properties as affected by different improver combinations are examined, with a focus on additive or synergistic interactions between enzymes or between enzymes and ascorbic acid. The combination of enzymes that hydrolyze starch and cell wall polysaccharides has been shown to reduce textural hardness in fresh and stored bakes goods such as breads. Enzymes that hydrolyze arabinoxylans, the main nonstarch polysaccharide in wheat, have synergistic effects with enzymes that result in cross‐linking of wheat flour biopolymers. In some studies, the effects of bread improvers varied for wheat flours of different strength. Overall, bread products in which wheat is used in whole grain form or in a blend with other flours especially benefit from multiple improvers that target different flour constituents in doughs.
Considerations surrounding remote medicolegal assessments: a systematic search and narrative synthesis of the range of motion literature
Authors: Steadman Peter , Sheppard Dianne , Henderson Janette , Halliday Brett , Freckelton Ian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRemote telehealth practices were forced to advance 10 years in a few short weeks in March 2020 due to the onset of a global pandemic. In the sphere of non‐clinical medicine, a dramatic element of uncertainty entered the psyche of doctors and lawyers in relation to the validity of remote or virtual independent medical examination (vIME). This paper considers the key issues surrounding the virtual assessment of clients for medicolegal purposes. Our main hypothesis was that, within certain defined parameters, the vIME technique can deliver reliable and accurate assessments. To explore this, a systematic literature search focusing on advanced device‐based range of motion measurement was conducted, along with an historical snapshot of observation‐based range of motion measurement considering application to remotely performed IME. While some specialists are of the view that observational measurement may be applied reliably to some joints when conducted by experienced orthopaedic surgeons, evidence for this is scant. The results, instead, support the notion of using task substitution, that is specialists appropriately assisted in conducting vIMEs by musculoskeletal trained allied health practitioners, regardless of the measurement tool, for permanent impairment assessments. Moreover, self‐performed examinations by injured individuals using advanced technology are not reliable in this setting. Our final contention is that remote examinations with limited clinical assessment have utility for legal matters, such as the assessment of causation of injury, treatment advice or approvals and fitness for pre‐employment tasks or safe variations, with objective clinical adjunct support such as Picture Archiving and Communication System‐based modern radiology systems.
Diagnostic concordance of telemedicine for otolaryngology, head and neck surgery in regional Australia
Authors: Kwok Matthew , Hunn Samuel , Tan Hannah , Borschmann Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of telehealth during the COVID‐19 pandemic has emerged as both a necessary and significant tool in the provision of safe and timely healthcare in the field of otolaryngology. Increased access to specialist care in a regional setting is an additional benefit. Variation in diagnostic accuracy of telehealth consultations may affect diagnosis and management. Therefore, our aim is to determine the diagnostic concordance of telemedicine for otolaryngology in an Australian regional setting with physical consultations.MethodsRetrospective review was conducted for all patients who received an initial telemedicine appointment over a 7‐month period during the COVID‐19 pandemic in regional Victoria, Australia. Data were collected regarding initial diagnosis and management from telemedicine consultations, subsequent physical appointment findings and management and intraoperative findings. Statistical analysis was performed using Prism (version 8.0, GraphPad).ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐nine patients were included. The most common conditions referred were for consideration of tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy (44.0%). Overall diagnostic concordance of the initial referrer was 63.3% and for telephone appointments, it was 81.9%. Concordance of recommended treatment plans between telephone and physical appointments was 96.9%.ConclusionAlthough physical appointments are an essential aspect of practice in OHNS, there are significant benefits of phone only telemedicine within the context of a global pandemic which were compounded by a regional setting. Paediatric patients were found to have the highest concordance of diagnosis and treatment plans.
Ethical discourse of medical students and physicians on conscientious objection: A qualitative study in Turkey
Authors: Keleş Şükrü , Aksu Murat , Gülpınar Gizem , Yalım Neyyire Yasemin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study is an investigation of the views of medical students (N=15) and physicians (N=14), in Turkey, on conscientious objection through elaboration on their experiences in medical practice within the framework of conscientious objection, and evaluation of the data from an ethical perspective. The data received from in‐depth interviews were evaluated by using the thematic content analysis method. They were then divided into contexts and themes as follows: “Refusal to provide healthcare services,” “scope of conscientious objection,” and “impact of conscientious objection (in case of legal entitlement).” The opinions of our research participants suggest that conscientious objection has become widespread in medical practices. It is argued that the tendency of healthcare providers and patients to find temporary resolutions to ethical dilemmas only complicates such resolutions. It is imperative, therefore, to set a rational limit on conscientious objection so as to prevent the adoption of an attitude shaped completely by the personal beliefs of the physician or the patient.
Orthodox Influences on Methodism
Authors: Carter David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article describes the influence of the Orthodox tradition on Methodism in the course of the development of the ecumenical movement. It relates the proposals made in the 1990s for an international dialogue between the traditions, proposals which have yet to be acted on. The article also describes a series of resonances between the two traditions that exist from earlier parallel developments, as well as emphases that have occurred independently but that can now be recognized as establishing commonalities that could be fruitful in later dialogue. Mention is made of commonality in the theological use of hymnody (Charles Wesley and St Symeon in particular) and of common emphases on trinitarian theology holiness/theosis, the divine image in human nature and on holistic mission.
Gender differences in the relationship between personality, cognitive function and regular dental visits in Japanese community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Kubota Chieko , Moriya Shingo , Hama Yohei , Onda Rie , Watanabe Yutaka , Uchida Yoko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesStudies have examined the association between personality and health behaviour, but research focusing exclusively on regular dental visits has yet to be conducted. This study examined the association between personality traits and regular dental visits among Japanese community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThe participants in this cross‐sectional study included 1,057 community‐dwelling older adults aged 65–74 years from Ranzan and Yoshimi towns; data were collected from October to November 2015 and October to November 2016, respectively. Interviews were conducted to obtain sociodemographic, income, occupation and medical data. The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence was used to assess higher‐level competence; general intelligence was also evaluated. The ‘Big Five’ personality traits—openness to experience, consciousness, neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness—were also examined. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between regular dental visits and personality traits.ResultsAmong men, the number of natural teeth, current employment status and conscientiousness were associated with dental care utilization. Among women, the number of natural teeth, current annual income, the intellectual activity domain of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence and openness were significant.ConclusionsThe factors associated with regular dental visits differed by gender. Overall, work was associated with men's visits, whereas intellectual activity and economic factors were relevant to women. Factors such as personality traits should be considered when addressing barriers to oral health. Understanding personality traits will help practitioners more effectively encourage older adults to make dental visits.
‘Code‐95’ rapid response calls for patients under airborne precautions in the COVID‐19‐era: a cross‐sectional survey of healthcare worker perceptions
Authors: Subramaniam Ashwin , Zuberav Alexandr , Wengritzky Robert , Bowden Christopher , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath , Wang Wei Chun , Wadhwa Vikas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo allow better allocation of staff and resources, rapid response teams attending to acutely deteriorating or aggressive patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 infection were pre‐warned with the announcement of 'Code‐95' with calls.AimTo assess healthcare worker (HCW) perspectives on pre‐warning rapid response calls (RRC) with ‘Code‐95’ in announcements when attending to deteriorating or aggressive patients with suspected/confirmed COVID‐19 infection.MethodsDesign: prospective cross‐sectional single‐centre survey of HCW over a 3‐week period. Setting: tertiary public hospital. Participants: HCW caring for deteriorating or aggressive patients. Main outcome measures: the primary outcome was to assess HCW perspectives in attending Code‐95 calls. Secondary outcomes were to identify any differences related to craft group, age, experience or presence of comorbidities.ResultsA total of 297 responses was analysed; 86.7% of HCW (n = 257) attending Code‐95 calls reported anxiety. Medical staff reported greater anxiety in comparison to nursing staff (93.8% vs 78.5%; P = 0.002). Efferent team reported higher anxiety in contrast to afferent team (92.6% vs 58.8%; P = 0.021). There was no significant difference in perceived anxiety based on age (≤40 vs >40 years of age), years of experience (≤5 vs >5 years), comorbidities or mental illness; 54% reported concerns about adequacy of infection‐control policies and personal protective equipment; 45% were worried about inadequate training for responding to Code‐95 calls.ConclusionsMost surveyed HCW supported Code‐95 announcements pre‐warning them of potential COVID‐19 exposure when attending a RRC. However, the majority of HCW reported anxiety when attending these calls. Medical and efferent team HCW perceived greater anxiety compared to nursing and afferent team HCW. The Code‐95 system to pre‐warn rapid response teams may be a useful addition to protecting HCW from infectious diseases, although broader implementation will require greater resourcing, training and support.
Can the CHA2DS2‐VA schema be used to decide on anticoagulant therapy in Aboriginal and other Australians with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation?
Authors: Hung Joseph , Kelty Erin , Nedkoff Lee , Thompson Sandra C. , Katzenellenbogen Judith M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Australasian guidelines recommend use of the CHA2DS2‐VA schema to stratify ischaemic stroke risk in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (N‐VAF) and determine risk thresholds for recommending oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy. However, the CHA2DS2‐VA score has not been validated in a representative Australian population cohort with N‐VAF, including in Aboriginal people who are known to have a higher age‐adjusted stroke risk than other Australians. In a retrospective data‐linkage study of 49 114 patients aged 24–84 years with N‐VAF, 40.0% women and 2.5% Aboriginal, we found that patients with a CHA2DS2‐VA score >2 had high annual stroke rates (>2%) that would justify OAC therapy. This occurred regardless of Aboriginal status. Non‐Aboriginal patients with a CHA2DS2‐VA score of 0 had a mean annual stroke rate of 0.4%, and hence were not likely to benefit from antithrombotic therapy. However, Aboriginal patients with a zero CHA2DS2‐VA score had a significantly higher annual stroke rate of 0.9%, and could potentially obtain net clinical benefit from anticoagulation, primarily with the safer non‐vitamin K antagonist OAC. We conclude that clinicians can confidently use the CHA2DS2‐VA score to make decisions regarding anticoagulation in accordance with stroke risk in patients with N‐VAF, except in Aboriginal people in whom the risk score was unable to identify those at truly low risk of stroke.
A technological review on processing of sugarcane juice: Spoilage, preservation, storage, and packaging aspects
Authors: Panigrahi Chirasmita , Shaikh Anas Ejaz Yasmeen , Bag Bijaya Bharati , Mishra Hari Niwas , De Sirshendu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSugarcane juice is a proven health‐promoting drink having a substantial amount of polyphenols, antioxidants, and functional nutrients known to prevent several ailments. Owing to its perishable nature, sugarcane juice is mostly consumed fresh postextraction. Prior to juice extraction, the pretreatment of canes is felt vital and is generally adopted to minimize subsequent postcrushing destructive changes in juice quality. The application of processing techniques to sugarcane juice is crucial, primarily to enhance its shelf‐life and for value‐addition to meet consumers' demand. This review focuses on critical aspects encountered during sugarcane juice processing, which are of prime importance to food scientists. This addresses pretreatment of sugarcanes; physicochemical, nutritional, and functional characteristics of sugarcane juice; its microbiological and biochemical spoilage; processing techniques for enhancing its shelf‐life and/or quality characteristics, and finally its packaging and storage. The understanding of juice characteristics and spoilage has resulted in the introduction of novel processing, packaging, and storage technologies leading to juice products with higher retention of nutritional and quality characteristics. Implementation of such technologies for industrial‐scale processing of sugarcane juice is not only advantageous over the conventional ones but also useful in the development of additive‐free, high‐quality processed juice with natural, and fresh sensory appeal in packaged form. Such an attempt would promote entrepreneurship in sugarcane juice processing and would be useful for the commercialization of shelf‐stable sugarcane juice in packed form.Practical applicationsWith the increasing consumer demands for natural and healthy foods, significant efforts are being made for manufacture and supply of food products which retain valuable nutrients and quality attributes after the processing and packaging operations. Realizing that sugarcane juice is one such food product, which is highly nutritive and is known to prevent several ailments, it is highly required to comprehensively describe several aspects about its shelf life extension and storage stability. To study the effects of processing on sensitive sensory qualities of juice is of utmost importance. The highlights of novel processing technologies reviewed are expected to be useful for food process engineers and industrialists to manufacture shelf‐stable packaged sugarcane juice.
Should we or shouldn’t we?
Authors: Lawrence Andrew J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractReward‐seeking is critical for survival. Learning about the relationship between actions and outcomes helps us to make decisions and select behaviours that result in a specific outcome. This special issue entitled “The Neurochemistry of Reward‐Seeking” addresses this crucial facet of behaviour and brings together a number of key thought‐leaders to provide a timely update on the circuitry, chemistry and mechanisms underlying different aspects of reward‐seeking. The reviews in this issue canvass unanswered questions in the field and provide a degree of forethought about how we may advance our understanding of reward‐seeking by embracing novel technology alongside existing scholarship. This issue also highlights the neurochemical complexity of reward‐seeking, and the reader will uncover both distinct and shared circuits and transmitters driving various forms of reward‐seeking. Accordingly, we hope that this special issue will provide a valuable resource for the field and trigger future research on this topic.
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Inter‐specific aggression generates ant mosaics in canopies of primary tropical rainforest
Authors: Mottl Ondřej , Yombai Jacob , Novotný Vojtěch , Leponce Maurice , Weiblen George D. , Klimeš Petr 
Published: April 2021

The ant mosaic is a concept of the non‐random spatial distribution of individual ant species in trees built upon the assumption of interspecific behavioural associations. However, colony identity and environmental variance may also play a role in species distribution. Here we assess the presence of ant mosaics in a primary forest ecosystem and whether they are structured by species' aggressive behaviours or by habitat filtering.We sampled arboreal ants from vertically stratified baits exposed in 225 canopy trees in a 9‐ha plot of primary lowland forest in Papua New Guinea, the largest forest area surveyed to detect ant mosaics. We performed behavioural tests on conspecific ants from adjacent trees to determine the territories of individual colonies. We explored the environmental effects on the ant communities using information on the plot vegetation structure and topography. Furthermore, we created a novel statistical method to test for the community non‐random spatial structure across the plot via spatial randomisation of individual colony territories. Finally, we linked spatial segregation among the four most common species to experimentally assessed rates of interspecies aggression.The ant communities comprised 57 species of highly variable abundance and vertical stratification. Ant community composition was spatially dependent, but it was not affected by tree species composition or canopy connectivity. Only local elevation had a significant but rather small effect. Individual colony territories ranged from one tree to 0.7 ha. Species were significantly over‐dispersed, with their territory overlap significantly reduced. The level of aggression between pairs of the four most common species was positively correlated with their spatial segregation. Our study demonstrates the presence of ant mosaics in tropical pristine forest, which are maintained by interspecific aggression rather than habitat filtering, with vegetation structure having a rather small and indirect effect, probably linked to microclimate variability.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of grassroot health workers about early childhood caries
Authors: Godhi Brinda Suhas , Kaul Shefali , Shanbhog Raghavendra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the knowledge levels pertaining to early childhood caries (ECC) among grassroot workers of rural India.DesignA questionnaire study assessing the awareness levels of various ECC aspects was carried out among 88 auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs), 140 Anganwadi workers (AWWs), and 210 Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers in a district of Southern India. A 24‐item pretested, structured, and close‐ended, self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect information on the knowledge of early childhood oral health‐related factors. Descriptive statistics and multivariate ANOVA were used to summarize the results.ResultsOverall, only 59% of ANMs, 49% of AWWs, and 47% of ASHA workers were found to have adequate knowledge about ECC.ConclusionThe current study clearly highlighted the discrepancy in the awareness levels among grassroot health care workers. A deficit was found to exist in the knowledge of the tested health care workers regarding infant oral care and ECC transmissibility.