bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural History of Respiratory Muscle Strength in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Prospective National Cohort Study
Authors: Veldhoen Esther S , Wijngaarde Camiel A , Hulzebos Erik H.J. , Asperen Roelie W Wosten-van , Wadman Renske I , Eijk Ruben P.A. van , Asselman Fay Lynn , Stam Marloes , Otto Louise A.M. , Cuppen Inge , Scheijmans Feline E.V. , Oudenrijn Laura P. Verweij-van den , Bartels Bart , Gaytant Michael A , Ent Cornelis K van der , Pol W Ludo van der 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Respiratory complications are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). Respiratory muscle weakness results in impaired cough, recurrent respiratory tract infections and finally respiratory failure. We assessed longitudinal patterns of measurements of respiratory muscle strength in a national cohort of treatment-naïve children and adults with SMA, hypothesizing a continued decline of respiratory muscle strength parameters throughout life. Methods: We measured Maximal Expiratory and Inspiratory Pressure (PEmax and PImax), Sniff Nasal Inspiratory Pressure (SNIP), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), and Peak Cough Flow (PCF) in treatment-naïve patients. We used both cross-sectional and longitudinal data in mixed-models to analyze natural history patterns. Results: We included 2756 measurements of respiratory muscle function from 80 treatment-naïve patients with SMA types 1c-3b. Both PEmax and PImax were significantly lower in more severe phenotypes. SNIP was low in nearly all patients, most pronounced in more severely affected patients. PEmax was low from early childhood onwards in patients with SMA type 1c–3a. PEF decline below 80% of predicted values was observed in early childhood in SMA types 1c-2 and in adolescence in patients with type 3a. Annual decline was linear (1-2%/year). All but type 3b patients had lowered PCF. Patients with types 2b and 3a had PCF levels between 160 and 270L/min, those with type 2a around 160L/min and patients with type 1c well below 160L/min. Conclusions: There are clear differences in respiratory muscle strength and its progressive decline between SMA types. We observed lower outcomes in more severe SMA types. Particularly PEmax and PEF may be suitable outcome measures for follow-up of patients with SMA. PEmax had the highest discriminative capacity and PEF declined in a rather linear pattern in all SMA types. PEmax was even low in patients with normal lung volumes. These natural history data may serve as a reference for longer-term treatment efficacy assessments.
Blockage of IL-17 Ameliorates Aβ-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Decline
Authors: Liu Yulan , Meng Yang , Zhou Chenliang , Xia Wenfang , Wang Lu , Yan Juanjuan , Cheng Li , Dong Weiguo , Guo Cuiping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNeuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), particularly in amyloid-β (Aβ) production. But the impact of the cytokine, interleukin-17A (IL-17) on the course of AD has not been well defined. The goal was to determine the effect of IL-17 on neural damage and whether IL-17 inhibitor (Y-320) could ameliorate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive decline.MethodsThe expression level of IL-17 was analyzed in APP/PS1 mice. Then IL-17 was injected into the lateral ventricle of C57BL WT mice and roles on synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairments were examined. Aβ42 was injected into the lateral ventricle of to mimic Aβ42 model mice. The effects of IL-17 inhibitor by oral gavage on Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive decline were examined. ResultsWe found that IL-17 was increased in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mouse, which has a fundamental role in mediating brain damage in neuroinflammatory processes. Furthermore, we reported that IL-17 was administrated in primary hippocampal neurons, leading to neural damage and synaptic dysfunction. At the same time, IL-17 caused synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairments accompanying with increased of Aβ levels in mice. In addition, we found that Y-320 could rescue Aβ42–induced neural damage in primary hippocampal neurons, and ameliorate neuronal damage and cognitive impairments in Aβ42 model mice. Interestingly, we observed that IL-17 upregulated the production of soluble amyloid precursor protein β (sAPPβ) and phosphorylation of APP at T668 (pT668), moreover, Y-320 inhibited the Aβ production by down-regulation the sAPPβ and pT668. Conclusions Blockage of IL-17 might ameliorate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive decline. These results strongly demonstrate a potential therapeutic role for IL-17 inhibitor in AD.
Functional Studies of MLL-AF4 and a Murinized pSer-variant thereof: MLL-AF4 Impairs the Ribosome Biosynthesis Pathway
Authors: Siemund Anna Lena , Kowarz Eric , Marschalek Rolf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent pathomolecular studies on the MLL-AF4 fusion protein revealed that the murinized version of MLL-AF4, the MLL-Af4 fusion protein, was able to induce leukemia when expressed in murine or human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (1). In parallel, a group from Japan demonstrated that the pSer domain of the AF4 protein, as well as the pSer domain of the MLL-AF4 fusion is able to bind the Pol I transcription factor complex SL1 (2).Here, we investigated the human MLL-AF4 and a pSer-murinized version thereof for their functional properties in mammalian cells. Gene expression profiling studies were complemented by intracellular localization studies and functional experiments concerning the biological activities in the nuecleolus.Results: Based on our results, we have to conclude that MLL-AF4 is predominantly localizing in the nucleolus, thereby interfering withPol I transcription, and subsequently,also ribosomebiogenesis. The murinized pSer-variant is more localizing in the nucleus, which may explain their different biological behavior. Of note, AF4-MLL is cooperating at the molecular level with MLL-AF4, but not with the pSer-murinized version of it.Conclusion: This study provides new insights and a molecular explanation for the known differences between hMLL-hAF4 (not leukemogenic) and hMLL-mAf4 (leukemogenic). While the human pSer domain is able to efficiently recruit the SL1 transcription factor complex, the murine counterpart is not. This has several consequences for our understanding of t(4;11) leukemia which is by far the most frequent leukemia in infants, childhood and adults suffering from MLL-r acute leukemia.
Are the Symptoms of Late Urogenital Toxicity After Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer Transient or Do They Worsen Over Time?
Authors: Stankovic Vesna V. , Bukumiric Zoran M. , Stanic Jelena D. , Kopcalic Katarina V. , Milosevic Nenad M. , Raonic-Stevanovic Tanja V. , Nikitovic Marina R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Our aim is to estimate incidence and prevalence rates as well as overall changes in the degree of late urogenital toxicity (UGT) over time in patients treated with 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for localized prostate cancer (PC) and to explored possible predictive factors for late UGT.Ninety-four patients with localized PC, treated with 3DCRT with a total dose of 72Gy/2Gy/daily, were examined in this study. The median follow-up was 66 months. Many individual and clinical characteristics were explored as possible predictive factors for late UGT.Incidences of late UGT grade ≥1, ≥2 and grade 3 were 64.89% (61/94), 22.34% (21/94) and 7.4% (7/94), respectively. The prevalence rates of late UGT grade ≥1, grade ≥2 and grade 3 were 26.6%-36.3%, 3.2-13.3% and 1.06%-7.89%, respectively. Statistically significant positive trend was found favoring an increase in the degree of late UGT over time (b=0.028; p<0.001). In the MVA, previous abdominal and pelvic surgery (PAPS) and acute UGT were significantly associated with late UGT grade≥1 (p=0.007) and (p=0.013), respectively.We can conclude that the degree of late UGT increases over time. PAPS and the occurrence of any grade of acute UGT have a significant influence on the development of any grade of late UGT.
Seasonal Intermittent Wetlands at the Desaguadero River. Argentine. Past, Present and Future Morphodynamics
Authors: Ojeda Guillermo Enrique , Chiesa Jorge , Ulacco Humberto 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Desaguadero River comprises the upper section of a major hydrological system called Desaguadero-Salado-Chadileuvú-Curacó, located in the central-western sector of Argentina, on the eastern edge of the Diagonal Árida Sudamericana climatic belt. Within this basin, extensive wetlands have developed at the confluence of two main Andean rivers, the Mendoza and San Juan rivers, and from the surface flows generated during floods associated with the mountain ice and snow melts on the catchment area. The water from these rivers was channeled along the Desaguadero river, a north-south approximately 150 km long channel. This paper proposed the Desaguadero river wetlands as a product of co-development of ephemeral lakes and lunettes dunes, based on geomorphological surveying and field work supported by stratigraphical analyses of relict lake-shores and fluvial sedimentary deposits along with historical climatic data. The morphodynamic activity of these wetlands gradually decreased since the end of the 19th century until practically disappeared in the 20th century, due to both natural and anthropic causes.
Impact of Pegfilgrastim Approval on Relative Dose Intensity and Outcomes of R-CHOP for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Morita Yuka , Kanemasa Yusuke , Sasaki Yuki , Ohigashi An , Tamura Taichi , Nakamura Shohei , Yagi Yu , Kageyama Akihiko , Omuro Yasushi , Shimoyama Tatsu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Maintaining the relative dose intensity (RDI) of chemotherapy with R-CHOP improves the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Pegfilgrastim was approved for use in Japan in November 2014 to prevent febrile neutropenia (FN) and maintain RDI. We herein reviewed 334 patients with DLBCL who received six or more courses of R-CHOP and retrospectively analyzed the difference in the RDI, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) between patients whose treatment started after November 2014 (the post-approval group) and those whose treatment started before October 2014 (the pre-approval group). The incidence of FN was lower (39.2% vs. 62.2%, P < 0.001) and the RDI of R-CHOP was higher (86.8% vs. 67.8%, P < 0.001) in the post-approval group. The RDI of patients aged < 70 years was maintained at a high level even if their RDI was predicted to be low based on the model derived from the pre-approval group. Pegfilgrastim was administered to many of these patients and was thought to have contributed to the high RDI maintenance in the post-approval group. The 5-year OS (85.7% and 69.9%, P = 0.009) and PFS (81.4% and 64.4%, P = 0.011) were superior in the post-approval group. In this group, improved survival outcomes were observed among patients with Ann Arbor stage 3/4 (5-year OS: 83.7% vs. 61.3%, P = 0.019) and high risk on the NCCN-IPI (5-year OS: 80.7% vs. 32.4%, P = 0.014). Maintenance of high RDI of R-CHOP and significant improvement in clinical outcomes, especially in high-risk groups, were observed after pegfilgrastim approval.
Effect of various parameters on the shear strength of solid-state nanoporous Cu bonding in Cu–Cu disks for power device packaging
Authors: Park Byungho , Han Duy le , Saito Mikkiko , Mizuno Jun , Nishikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nanoparticle sintering is considered a promising alternative bonding method to Pb- based soldering for the attachment of components in high-temperature electronic devices. However, the technology still poses certain challenges, such as difficulty controlling joint thickness and the generation of voids owing to solvent evaporation. In this study, a solid-state (solvent-free), nanoporous-Cu (NPC) bonding method was examined. The effect of bonding temperatures (200–400°C) and atmospheres (N2 or formic acid) on the shear strength of joints formed between NPC sheets and bare Cu disks were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that the bondability of NPC under an N2 atmosphere is closely related to the oxide layer formed on its surface that impairs the diffusion of Cu atoms between the NPC and Cu substrate. Furthermore, the coarsening of the NPC microstructure under a formic acid atmosphere at ≥ 350°C owing to the rapid diffusion of Cu atoms and accompanying plastic deformation induced by surface stress enhances the shear strength of the resulting NPC/Cu joint. The shear strength of NPC/Cu joints formed under a formic acid atmosphere increased from 14.1 to 35.9 MPa with increasing bonding temperature. Based on the results of the investigation, a mechanism was proposed to explain the superiority of the Cu–Cu joints achieved using this method.
Halogen…π Interactions in the Complexes of Fluorenonophane With Haloforms
Authors: Shishkina Svitlana V. , Dyakonenko Viktoriya V. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Semynozhenko Volodimir P. , Bogashchenko Tatiana Yu. , Lyapunov Alexander Yu. , Kirichenko Tatiana I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The study of two complexes of fluorenonophane with CHCl3 and CHBr3 molecules has revealed that they differ mainly by the halogen bonds between host and guest molecules. The experimental and theoretical quantum chemical study has shown that the strength of a halogen bond depends on the nature of a halogen atom as well as its orientation to the π-system. The more positive electrostatic potential was revealed at the bromine atom indicating the stronger halogen bond with its participation that was confirmed by the interaction energies calculated for corresponding dimers and the evaluation of the true energy of a halogen bond. The orientation of the chlorine atom at the carbon aromatic atom instead of the center of the benzene ring leads to the shortest Hal…C distance that points out the stronger interaction according to the geometrical characteristics. The EDA analysis of the fluorenonophane complexes with CHCl3 and CHBr3 and their analogs with one halogen atom replaced by the hydrogen atom allows us to presume that the nature of halogen bonding is rather dispersive than electrostatic.
Influences of Weaving Parameters on Dynamic Characteristics and Stability Control of the Droplet Transfer in Arc-Weaving P-GMAW Process
Authors: Wu Di , Chen Yuxi , CHEN Huabin , Chen Shanben 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The dynamic characteristics of droplet transfer is extremely complicated with the combined effects of gravity force and weaving motion during the weaving vertical-up welding on thick plate. In this paper, we firstly observed the droplet transfer behavior under various weaving parameters with high-speed photography and electrical signals during pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW). Then we investigated the influences of different weaving parameters on the arc shape and molten pool as well as droplet characteristics. By establishing a novel weaving-force model based on static-force balance theory (SFBT), we further revealed the drop transfer mechanism in weaving P-GMAW process. Extensive experimental results demonstrated that the suitable weaving parameters could effectively improve the droplet transfer stability and suppress welding defects including incomplete root penetration and lack of sidewall fusion. The findings of this paper will provide a basis for enhancing the welding process stability and obtaining a high-quality weld joint.
Assessment of Whole Gut Motility in Adolescents Using the Wireless Motility Capsule Test
Authors: Fritz Tanja , Huenseler Christoph , Broekaert Ilse 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are often associated with intestinal dysmotility representing a diagnostic challenge. A relatively new method is the wireless motility capsule (WMC) test, which continuously measures pH, pressure, temperature and regional transit times as it passes through the GI tract. In adults, the WMC test was approved for use in the diagnosis of gastroparesis and constipation by assessing GI transit and contractility. We performed the WMC test in nine adolescent patients aged 12–17 years with functional GI symptoms from July 2017 until February 2019. Abnormal transit times were detected in four patients. Three patients showed abnormal transit times of the upper GI tract, in two cases contractility analysis revealed gastroparesis, in one patient abnormal colonic transit was detected. Conclusion: The WMC test is a minimally invasive procedure with potential to expand future diagnostic opportunities for paediatric patients with functional GI disorders and suspected motility disturbances.
Building a Deep Learning Model to Generate Human Readable Text Using Recurrent Neural Networks and LSTM
Authors: HANAFI Anasse , BOUHORMA Mohammed , ELAACHAK Lotfi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is a large field of study that overlaps with and inherits ideas from many related fields such as artificial intelligence (AI). The main focus of the field is learning from previous experiences. Classification in ML is a supervised learning method, in which the computer program learns from the data given to it and make new classifications. There are many different types of classification tasks in ML and dedicated approaches to modeling that may be used for each. For example, classification predictive modeling involves assigning a class label to input samples, binary classification refers to predicting one of two classes and multi-class classification involves predicting one of more than two categories. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are very powerful sequence models for classification problems, however, in this paper, we will use RNNs as generative models, which means they can learn the sequences of a problem and then generate entirely a new sequence for the problem domain, with the hope to better control the output of the generated text, because it is not always possible to learn the exact distribution of the data either implicitly or explicitly.
An Optimal Approach for Heart Sound Classification Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Fu’adah Yunendah Nur , Lim Ki Moo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Heart sound auscultation is one of the most widely used approaches for detecting cardiovascular disorders. Diagnosing abnormalities of heart sound using a stethoscope depends on the physician’s skill and judgement. Several studies have shown promising results in the automatic detection of cardiovascular disorders based on heart sound signals. However, the accuracy performance needs to be improved as automated heart sound classification aids in the early detection and prevention of the dangerous effects of cardiovascular problems. In this study, an optimal heart sound classification method based on machine learning technologies for cardiovascular disease prediction is performed. It consists of three steps: pre-processing that sets the 5 s duration of the Physionet Challenge 2016 datasets, feature extraction using mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC), and classification using an artificial neural network (ANN) with one hidden layer that provides low parameter consumption. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The best model obtained 94% accuracy and 93% AUC score, which were assessed using 1626 test datasets. Taken together, the results show that the proposed method obtained excellent classification results and provided low parameter consumption, thereby reducing computational time to facilitate a real-time implementation.
Study on the Impact Factors of Environmental Facility Planning and Design on Urban Development
Authors: Yang Ling , Zhu Minyuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the world of advancement, the development of the urban environment by providing favorable and secure conditions to the population are always directed to environmental factors of various levels. The role in urban development and growth remains an integral part of their management. It should focus on improving the effectiveness of territorial utilization and enhancing environmental resources.The planning will be based on the information regarding the past and present events of the recognized ecological processes in cities. Currently, there are several issues in towns that need to be addressed effectively and efficiently. The poor urban environment is a significant issue which leads to ecological issues. The environmental factors are one of the most important aspects that people should consider when implementing growth plans in the urban areas. This paper explores environmental factors such as Density, Compactness, Fragment, Variation, Cohesion in urban territory design and management.
The Central Strain Analytical Modeling and Analysis for the Plate Rolling Process
Authors: Jiang Lian-Yun , Wei Yaoyu , Li Heng , Ma Li-feng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The strain after rolling plays an important role in the prediction of the microstructure and properties and plate deformation permeability. So it is necessary to establish a more accurate theoretical strain model for the rolling process. This paper studies the modeling method of the equivalent strain based on the upper bound principle and stream function method. The rolling deformation region is divided into three zones (inlet rigid zone, plastic zone, and outlet rigid zone) according to the kinematics. The boundary conditions of adjacent deformation zones are modified according to the characteristics of each deformation zone. A near-real kinematics admissible velocity field is established by the stream function method on this basis. The geometric boundary conditions of the deformation region are obtained. The deformation power, friction power and velocity discontinuous power are calculated according to the redefined geometric boundary conditions. On this basis, the generalized shear strain rate intensity is calculated according to the minimum energy principle. Finally, the equivalent strain model after rolling is obtained by integrating the generalized shear strain rate in time. The plate rolling experiments of AA1060 and the numerical simulations are carried out with different rolling reductions to verify the analytic model precision of the equivalent strain. The results show that the minimum and maximum relative equivalent strain deviation between the analytic model and the experiment is 0.52% and 9.96%, respectively. The numerical calculation and experimental results show that the model can accurately calculate the strain along the plate thickness. This model can provide an important reference for the rolling process setup and the microstructure and properties prediction.