bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing variability among treatment machines using knowledge‐based planning for head and neck, pancreatic, and rectal cancer
Authors: Hirashima Hideaki , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Mukumoto Nobutaka , Ashida Ryo , Fujii Kota , Nakamura Kiyonao , Nakajima Aya , Sakanaka Katsuyuki , Yoshimura Michio , Mizowaki Takashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to assess dosimetric indices of RapidPlan model‐based plans for different energies (6, 8, 10, and 15 MV; 6‐ and 10‐MV flattening filter‐free), multileaf collimator (MLC) types (Millennium 120, High Definition 120, dual‐layer MLC), and disease sites (head and neck, pancreatic, and rectal cancer) and compare these parameters with those of clinical plans.MethodsRapidPlan models in the Eclipse version 15.6 were used with the data of 28, 42, and 20 patients with head and neck, pancreatic, and rectal cancer, respectively. RapidPlan models of head and neck, pancreatic, and rectal cancer were created for TrueBeam STx (High Definition 120) with 6 MV, TrueBeam STx with 10‐MV flattening filter‐free, and Clinac iX (Millennium 120) with 15 MV, respectively. The models were used to create volumetric‐modulated arc therapy plans for a 10‐patient test dataset using all energy and MLC types at all disease sites. The Holm test was used to compare multiple dosimetric indices in different treatment machines and energy types.ResultsThe dosimetric indices for planning target volume and organs at risk in RapidPlan model‐based plans were comparable to those in the clinical plan. Furthermore, no dose difference was observed among the RapidPlan models. The variability among RapidPlan models was consistent regardless of the treatment machines, MLC types, and energy.ConclusionsDosimetric indices of RapidPlan model‐based plans appear to be comparable to the ones based on clinical plans regardless of energies, MLC types, and disease sites. The results suggest that the RapidPlan model can generate treatment plans independent of the type of treatment machine.
Acid and Alkali‐Resistant Textile Triboelectric Nanogenerator as a Smart Protective Suit for Liquid Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Monitoring in High‐Risk Environments
Authors: Ma Liyun , Wu Ronghui , Patil Aniruddha , Yi Jia , Liu Di , Fan Xuwei , Sheng Feifan , Zhang Yifan , Liu Sai , Shen Shen , Wang Jun , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndustrialization and anthropogenic activities are expected and unavoidable to consummate the current resources of humankind, which also lead to accidents in the laboratory, chemical plants, or other high risk areas that cause severe burns, or even casualties. Increased casualties in such accidents are due to inappropriate safety measures and prevention. Here, a smart anti‐chemical protective suit with a bio‐motion energy harvesting and self‐powered safety monitoring system is demonstrated, which can protect the body from chemical harm, detect sudden chemical spills, monitor human real‐time living signals, and trigger alarms in an emergency. Particularly, a fabric triboelectric nanogenerator (F‐TENG), which is fabricated by the all‐fiber single‐electrode triboelectric nanogenerator yarn (SETY), works as the basic elements of the intelligent suit. The SETY with core‐shell structured design shows a high sensitivity to the corrosive liquids including acids and alkalis. Furthermore, the working principle of the yarn based nanogenerator that is powered by contacting with acid liquid droplets is demonstrated for the first time. In addition, discretionary thickness, permeability, and any other functionalities are also achieved by taking advantage of the fabric structure. This self‐powered smart anti‐chemical protective suit equipped with a real time monitoring system will benefit the wearer who works in a very high‐risk environment.
Opportunities and Challenges in Precise Synthesis of Transition Metal Single‐Atom Supported by 2D Materials as Catalysts toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Niu Wen‐Jun , He Jin‐Zhong , Gu Bing‐Ni , Liu Mao‐Cheng , Chueh Yu‐Lun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransition metal single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are currently a hot area of research in the field of electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this review, the recent advances in transition metal single‐atom supported by 2D materials as catalysts for ORR with high performance are reported. Due to their large surface area, uniformly exposed lattice plane, and adjustable electronic state, 2D materials are ideal supporting materials for exploring ORR active sites and surface reactions. The rational design principles and synthetic strategies of transition metal SACs supported by 2D materials are systematically introduced while the identification of active sites, their possible catalytic mechanisms as well as the perspectives on the future of transition metal SACs supported by 2D materials for ORR applications are discussed. Finally, according to the current development trend of ORR catalysts, the future opportunities and challenges of transition metal SACs supported by 2D materials are summarized.
Harvesting Cool Daylight in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Halides Microtubules through the Reservation of Pressure‐Induced Emission
Authors: Zhao Dianlong , Xiao Guanjun , Liu Zhun , Sui Laizhi , Yuan Kaijun , Ma Zhiwei , Zou Bo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPressure‐induced emission (PIE) is extensively studied in halide perovskites or derivative hybrid halides. However, owing to the soft inorganic lattice of these materials, the intense emission is barely retained under ambient conditions, thus largely limiting their practical applications in optoelectronics at atmospheric pressure. Here, remarkably enhanced emission in microtubules of the 0D hybrid halide (C5H7N2)2ZnBr4 ((4AMP)2ZnBr4) is successfully achieved by means of pressure treatment at room temperature. Notably, the emission, which is over ten times more intense than the emission in the initial state, is retained under ambient conditions upon the complete release of pressure. Furthermore, the pressure processing enables the tuning of “sky blue light” before compression to “cool daylight” with a remarkable quantum yield of 88.52% after decompression, which is of considerable interest for applications in next‐generation lighting and displays. The irreversible electronic structural transition, induced by the steric hindrance with respect to complexly configurational organic molecules [4AMP], is highly responsible for the eventual retention of PIE and tuning of the color temperature. The findings represent a significant step toward the capture of PIE under ambient conditions, thus facilitating its potential solid‐state lighting applications.
Melt Electrowriting of Isomalt for High‐Resolution Templating of Embedded Microchannels
Authors: Nadernezhad Ali , Ryma Matthias , Genç Hatice , Cicha Iwona , Jüngst Tomasz , Groll Jürgen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFabrication of microchannels using 3D printing of sugars as fugitive material is explored in different fields, including microfluidics. However, establishing reproducible methods for the controlled production of sugar structures with sub‐100 μm dimensions remains a challenge. This study pioneers the processing of sugars by melt electrowriting (MEW) enabling the fabrication of structures with so far unprecedented resolution from Isomalt. Based on a systematic variation of process parameters, fibers with diameters down to 20 μm can be fabricated. The flexibility in the adjustment of fiber diameter by on‐demand alteration of MEW parameters enables generating constructs with perfusable channels within polydimethylsiloxane molds. These channels have a diameter that can be adjusted from 30 to 200 μm in a single design. Taken together, the experiments show that MEW strongly benefits from the thermal and physical stability of Isomalt, providing a robust platform for the fabrication of small‐diameter embedded microchannel systems.
Topological Defect‐Rich Carbon as a Metal‐Free Cathode Catalyst for High‐Performance Li‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Ye Fenghui , Gong LeLe , Long Yongde , Talapaneni Siddulu Naidu , Zhang Lipeng , Xiao Ying , Liu Dong , Hu Chuangang , Dai Liming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExploration of the highly efficient bi‐functional catalysts toward the reduction of CO2 and decomposition of Li2CO3 at the cathode is the key for high‐performance Li‐CO2 batteries. Herein, topological defect‐rich graphene (TDG) based materials are developed as metal‐free cathodes for Li‐CO2 batteries, presenting an unprecedented full discharge capacity of over 69 000 mA h g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1, a relatively small voltage gap of 1.87 V (Li/Li+) even at an extremely high current density of 2.0 A g−1, and an excellent long‐term stable cycle life of up to 600 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. The outstanding performance of Li‐CO2 batteries with the TDG cathodic electrocatalyst can be attributed to the introduction of topological defects in the carbon skeleton, providing sufficient active sites for CO2 reduction and evolution to facilitate the formation/decomposition of Li2CO3 during the discharging/charging process. The density functional theory calculations reveal the superiority of the negatively charged C atoms in topological defects as the adsorption for CO2 molecules and the activation sites for the decomposition of Li2CO3, and that the heterocyclic pentagon ring (C5) has a relatively low theoretical potential gap (1.01 V) during the charge and discharge processes.
Effects of perennial biomass yield energy grasses and fertilization on soil characteristics and nutrient balances
Authors: Siri‐Prieto Guillermo , Bustamante Mauricio , Battaglia Martin , Ernst Oswaldo , Seleiman Mahmoud F. , Sadeghpour Amir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBesides its bioenergy potential, perennial grasses can also have positive impacts on soil quality. However, responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) depend on multiple factors, including grass species selection and N and P addition. We investigated the effect of four N and P fertility treatments (control = 0 kg N + 0 kg P ha–1 [N0P0]; 100 kg N + 0 kg P ha–1 [N1P0]; 0 kg N + 100 kg P ha–1 [N0P1]; 100 kg N + 100 kg P ha–1 [N1P1] applied annually] across 9 yr in Uruguay on soil nutrient balances, C and N pools, and biomass yields of elephantgrass (EG) (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), giant reed (GR) (Arundo donax L.), and switchgrass (SW) (Panicum virgatum L.). Across years, EG had the highest biomass yield, followed by GR and SW (18.9, 16.3, and 14.1 Mg ha–1 yr–1, respectively). Across species, aboveground biomass increased by 46% with N addition. Yield response to P fertilization was lower (+11%). Elephantgrass had the highest N and P negative balance. Soil organic C and TN concentration were affected by species but not by fertilizer treatments. Giant reed had the highest SOC content gain in the first 0–40 cm (540 kg C ha– yr–1), and was the only species maintaining TN content from the beginning of the study. Giant reed could be an excellent option as a bioenergy crop due to its high aboveground biomass production, and its positive impacts on SOC and TN pools.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in older myelofibrosis patients: A study of the chronic malignancies working party of EBMT and the Spanish Myelofibrosis Registry
Authors: Hernández‐Boluda Juan‐Carlos , Pereira Arturo , Kröger Nicolaus , Cornelissen Jan J. , Finke Jürgen , Beelen Dietrich , de Witte Moniek , Wilson Keith , Platzbecker Uwe , Sengeloev Henrik , Blaise Didier , Einsele Hermann , Sockel Katja , Krüger William , Lenhoff Stig , Salaroli Adriano , Martin Hans , García‐Gutiérrez Valentín , Pavone Vicenzo , Alvarez‐Larrán Alberto , Raya José‐María , Zinger Nienke , Gras Luuk , Hayden Patrick , Czerw Tomasz , P. McLornan Donal , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) is increasingly used in older myelofibrosis (MF) patients, but its risk/benefit ratio compared to non‐transplant approaches has not been evaluated in this population. We analyzed the outcomes of allo‐HCT in 556 MF patients aged ≥65 years from the EBMT registry, and determined the excess mortality over the matched general population of MF patients ≥65 years managed with allo‐HCT (n = 556) or conventional drug treatment (n = 176). The non‐transplant cohort included patients with intermediate‐2 or high risk DIPSS from the Spanish Myelofibrosis Registry. After a median follow‐up of 3.4 years, the estimated 5‐year survival rate, non‐relapse mortality (NRM), and relapse incidence after transplantation was 40%, 37%, and 25%, respectively. Busulfan‐based conditioning was associated with decreased mortality (HR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5–0.9) whereas the recipient CMV+/donor CMV‐ combination (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.4) and the JAK2 mutated genotype (HR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.5) predicted higher mortality. Busulfan‐based conditioning correlated with improved survival due to less NRM, despite its higher relapse rate when compared with melphalan‐based regimens. Excess mortality was higher in transplanted patients than in the non‐HCT cohort in the first year of follow‐up (ratio: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.13–2.80), whereas the opposite occurred between the fourth and eighth follow‐up years (ratio: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.18–0.53). Comparing the excess mortality of the two treatments, male patients seemed to benefit more than females from allo‐HCT, mainly due to their worse prognosis with non‐transplant approaches. These findings could potentially enhance counseling and treatment decision‐making in elderly transplant‐eligible MF patients.
Mobilization upon Cooling
Authors: Aeschlimann Simon , Lyu Lu , Becker Sebastian , Mousavion Sina , Speck Thomas , Elmers Hans‐Joachim , Stadtmüller Benjamin , Aeschlimann Martin , Bechstein Ralf , Kühnle Angelika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhase transitions between different aggregate states are omnipresent in nature and technology. Conventionally, a crystalline phase melts upon heating as we use ice to cool a drink. Already in 1903, Gustav Tammann speculated about the opposite process, namely melting upon cooling. So far, evidence for such “inverse” transitions in real materials is rare and limited to few systems or extreme conditions. Here, we demonstrate an inverse phase transition for molecules adsorbed on a surface. Molybdenum tetraacetate on copper(111) forms an ordered structure at room temperature, which dissolves upon cooling. This transition is mediated by molecules becoming mobile, i.e., by mobilization upon cooling. This unexpected phenomenon is ascribed to the larger number of internal degrees of freedom in the ordered phase compared to the mobile phase at low temperatures.
Fabrication of anti‐fouling thin‐film composite reverse osmosis membrane via constructing heterogeneous wettability surface
Authors: Chen Dandan , Gao Feng , Liu Tianyu , Kang Jian , Xu Ruizhang , Cao Ya , Xiang Ming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnti‐fouling properties are tightly related to the surface properties of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. In our study, fluorinated polyethyleneimine (FPEI) was synthesized by introducing perfluoroalkyl groups into a hydrophilic polyethyleneimine (PEI) matrix, and the heterogeneous wettability surface with hydrophilic and low‐surface‐energy properties was constructed by grafting FPEI on membrane surface via the carbodiimide‐induced method. Verified by the result analysis of SEM, AFM, and zeta potentials measurements, the fluorinated RO membrane surface presented denser, smoother, and reduced negative charge. The surface free energy of RO membrane surface after grafting FPEI decreased from 45.5 to 38.7 mJ/m2. By using bovine serum albumin (BSA), humic acid (HA), and dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) as model foulants, the fluorinated RO membrane exhibits optimal fouling resistance and fouling release properties compared to pristine membrane and membrane modified by surface grafting hydrophilic PEI. Especially, the high recovery ratio (99%) and low total flux decline ratio (17.2%) were acquired during the filtration of BSA solution. These results manifested that the construction of a heterogeneous wettability surface can further improve the anti‐fouling properties of RO membranes compared to a pure hydrophilic surface, and the corresponding anti‐fouling mechanism was put forward.
Synthesis and characterization of the properties of thermosensitive elastomers with thermoplastic and magnetic particles for application in soft robotics
Authors: Prem Nina , Schale Florian , Zimmermann Klaus , Gowda Darshan Kare , Odenbach Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the currently rapidly developing field of soft robots, smart materials with controllable properties play the central role. Thermosensitive elastomers are soft, smart materials whose material properties can be controlled by changing their temperature. The aim of this work is to investigate the mechanical properties, to analyze the surface, the inner structure, and the heat transfer within the thermosensitive elastomer materials. This should provide a knowledge base for new combinations, such as a combination of thermosensitive and the well‐known magneto sensitive elastomers, in order to realize new applications. Thermoplastic polycaprolactone particles were incorporated into a flexible polydimethylsiloxane matrix to produce thermosensitive elastomer samples. With a low melting point in the range of 58–60°C, polycaprolactone offers good application potential compared to other thermoplastic materials such as polymethamethylacrylate with a melting point above 160°C. Test samples of different material compositions and geometries were made to examine temperature‐depending material properties. Two useful effects were identified: temperature‐dependent change in stiffness and the shape memory effect. In certain examinations, carbonyl iron particles were also included to find out if the two particle systems are compatible with each other and can be combined in the polydimethylsiloxane matrix without disadvantages. Changes in shore hardness before and after the influence of temperature were investigated. Micro computed tomography images and scanning electron microscopy images of the respective samples were also obtained in order to detect the temperature influence on the material internally as well as on the surface of the thermosensitive elastomers in combination with carbonyl iron particles. In order to investigate the heat transfer within the samples, heating tests were carried out and the influence of different particle concentrations of the thermosensitive elastomers with and without carbonyl iron particles was determined. Further work will focus on comprehensive investigations of thermo‐magneto‐sensitive elastomers, as this will enable the functional integration in the material to be implemented with increased efficiency. By means of the different investigations, the authors see future applications for this class of materials in adaptive sensor and gripper elements in soft robotics.
Knockdown of lncRNA TUG1 attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through regulating miR‐142‐3p
Authors: Li Leibing , Zhang Qi , Wang Yan , Yin Shixiao , Chi Shaohua , Han Fei , Wang Weijie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system. At present, there is no specific treatment for CI/RI. It is necessary to explore the mechanism of CI/RI and find new ways to prevent and treat CI/RI. An oxygen and glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) model was established to evaluate the effects of mouse astrocytes (MA‐C) cell viability and apoptosis of stepwise exposure to oxygen and glucose deprivation followed by their replenishment. This assessment included using taurine upregulated gene 1–small interfering RNAs (TUG1‐siRNA) transfection to determine the effects of TUG1 knockdown on MA‐C survival and apoptosis. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to evaluate TUG1 and miR‐142‐3p expression levels. The luciferase gene reporter assay was performed to validate that miR‐142‐3p is a TUG1 target. Accordingly, the effects of miR‐142‐3p knockdown on TUG1‐induced MA‐C apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to detect cell growth viability. Western blotting analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of apoptosis‐related proteins. TUG1 was upregulated, while miR‐142‐3p was downregulated in the OGD/R model of MA‐C cells. Inhibiting the expression of TUG1 could protect MA‐C cells and reverse the decrease in growth viability and increasing apoptosis of MA‐C cells caused by OGD/R stimulation. On the other hand, the inhibition of miR‐142‐3p offset the effect of TUG1 knockdown on cell viability and apoptosis. Inhibition of OGD/R‐induced increases in TUG1 expression that in turn reduces miR‐142‐3p upregulation may suppress reperfusion‐induced losses in cell viability.
Dynamics of partially collapsing pulsed fluidized bed
Authors: Ali Syed Sadiq , Hossain S. K. Safdar , Asif Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of flow pulsation as an effective assisted fluidization technique has been suggested in a number of applications, such as drying of food and pharmaceutical products, dry beneficiation of coal, and deagglomeration of nanopowders, owing mainly to its cost‐effectiveness and ease of implementation. The efficacy of this technique is, however, greatly affected by the frequency of pulsation since it controls the collapse dynamics of the fluidized bed. In this study, using ultrafine hydrophilic nanosilica with strong agglomeration tendencies, the pulsation frequency was controlled to allow only partial collapse of the bed between two successive pulsations while the global and local dynamics in different bed regions were carefully monitored. Besides the usual advantages associated with assisted fluidization techniques, such as lower minimum fluidization velocity, higher bed expansion, and elimination of bed non‐homogeneities, the continuous and intense solid motion imparted by the partial bed collapse caused a more substantial increase in the overall pressure drop than the one obtained with the conventional unassisted fluidization. The results of the frequency domain analysis highlighted the fact that the effect of pulsation event was felt differently in different regions of the bed depending upon the amplitude of the pulsation. These results were further corroborated by the similarity analysis.