bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Fish Trophic Niche to Water Level Regulation of the Three Gorges Reservoir in its Backwater Bay Using a Stable Isotope Approach
Authors: Huang Rongjing , Zhan Xuemei , Tao Xin , Li Bin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To date, our ability to speculate how species interactions will change temporally and spatially in response to WLR still inadequate, especially within large river-reservoir ecosystems. Fish communities in backwater bay of the Xiaojiang River of the TGR (Three Gorges Reservoir) were studied in 2010 and 2016 using a stable isotope approach to explore variations in fish trophic niches associated WLR. We found that fish assemblages tended to have broader trophic diversity spaces in LBAs (large backwater areas) at a water depth of 175 m, suggesting that the assimilation of food resources might come from a greater diversity of habitats or prey items with distinct isotopic signatures. Many among-fish species trophic niches tended to overlap and have broader ranges in LBAs compared to SBAs (small backwater areas) at a water depth of 145 m, which indicated that the processes of impounding at 175 m can provide more similar food resources for different fish species. Our findings highlight that WLR dynamics are typical characteristics of the backwater bay of the Xiaojiang River aquatic ecosystems caused by the operations of the TGR, which has significant ecological effects on the fish trophic structure within this community. Understanding the pattern of changes in fish trophic niche associated with WLR will be meaningful for fishery resources management of the other tributaries in the TGR.
Research on Development Status, Issues and Policy for Ecological Fishery of Large-scale Waters in China
Authors: Liu Zifei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
China is rich in fishery resources of large-scale water such as lakes, reservoirs, and river ditch, and large-scale fisheries play an important role in freshwater fisheries. Its area and output account for 46% and 15.42% of the national freshwater fisheries respectively. Both theory and practice show that large-scale fisheries have obviously multiple ecological, economic and social functions. In China, large-scale fisheries can be divided into five types that are industry convergence development, water ranch, environmental cage, reservoir water quality protection, repair ecology in lake. However, in recent years, the back-out of “seine, block, cage” with environmental storm has caused serious negative impacts. Compared with 2016, in 2018, the area of all kinds of large-scale ecological fisheries in the country has decreased by 11%-34%, and it faces social cognition bias, partial or individual short-term economic behavior, insufficient integration and other issues. Focusing on problems and combining the development goals of the new era of fisheries, drawing on typical successful experiences, four countermeasures including adhering to ecological priorities, increasing publicity, innovating institutional mechanisms, optimizing support policies, and building internal motivation are proposed to promote sustainable development of large-scale ecological fisheries.
Effect of Relative Humidity on Main Resonance Frequency for Paper Honeycomb Packaging System
Authors: Yang Rui , Wang Dongmei , Du Saina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Paper honeycomb sandwich plate is often used as transport packaging for the good cushioning and vibration isolation properties. However, the change of relative humidity has a great influence on the vibration performance of paper honeycomb sandwich plate because of its strong water vapor absorbing characteristics. In order to avoid the system resonance and reduce the product vibration damage, the main resonance frequencies for the paper honeycomb packaging system were evaluated by the sinusoidal vibration tests, further the effects of relative humidity, static compression stress, and the geometric parameters of honeycomb core on the main resonance frequencies were investigated. The results show that the main resonance frequency decreases with the increase of relative humidity, static compression stress, honeycomb cell length, and plate thickness.
The economics comparison of power plants fuelled by wellhead gas and liquefied natural gas in Aceh Province
Authors: Budiana D , Dalimi R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Aceh Province Electricity System is supplied by Gas Engine Power Plant (GEPP) fuelled by Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Coal-fired power plant and Diesel Engine with Diesel fuel and transfers from the North Sumatra system during peak loads. LNG fuel is sent by ship from the Tangguh Papua Refinery which is regasification in Perta Arun Gas, Lhokseumawe, Aceh Province, so the production costs are expensive due to the distance from the gas supply sources. To get cheaper electricity production costs, it can be done by using the gas potential in Aceh province. In this study, the economic value will be calculated by comparing the use of two types of gas fuel, namely wellhead gas fuel and LNG gas for Gas Turbine and Gas Engine power plants, to determine the cost of electricity production for each power plant with the same fuel. Based on the calculation results, gas engine power plant with fuel from the Wellhead Gas has the best production costs with value of IDR 1,262.21 / kWh lower than the electricity tariff of IDR 1,467 / kWh, and has an IRR of 24.78% and a payback period of 4,88 years. By knowing the most economic value for the construction of power plant with Wellhead Gas, it can be used as a basis for policy making in choosing an economical power plant development for areas with gas potential, such as in Aceh province.
LCA Analysis on Improving Scenario of Domestic Solid Waste Management in Padang City based on the case in Kitakyushu City
Authors: Wulandari S , Raharjo S , Rachman I , Matsumoto T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The implementation of domestic solid waste management in Padang City conducted by the government still uses a conventional method, including acollection-transportation-disposal system with only about 5% of solid waste recycling rate. In Japan, Kitakyushu City manages its domestic solid waste appropriately by recycling the solid waste into beneficial products and applying sea reclamation landfill for solid waste residues from the final treatment process. By conducting Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis, this study examines the appropriate improved scenario of domestic solid waste management in Padang City throughevaluation and improvement of the existing implementation and the shortcomings of Padang City based onthe case study inKitakyushu City, comprisingfour scenarios. Scenario 0 presents the existing condition; scenarios 1, 2, and 3 present the improvement of Scenario 0 in recycling percentage rate and technology implementation in a row by composting, incineration, and anaerobic digestion. CML 2001 is used to assess the environmental impact of Global Warming Potential, Acidification Potential, and Eutrophication Potential. This study implies that Scenario 1 is the most appropriate scenario for improving domestic solid waste management in Padang City because of the low environmental impact as the smallest normalization score of 5.81×10−10.
Solid waste management in Lake Toba area
Authors: Khair H , Suryati I , Siregar R L , Sibagariang H D. P. , Utami R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Lake Toba is a tourist area that continues to be developed, attracting local and foreign tourists. The increase in tourists visiting lake Toba affects the social and economic aspects and impacts the environment, one of which is the increase in waste generation. On the other hand, waste in the Tourist area is not well managed. This study determines the condition of existing waste management in the Lake Toba tourism area. Girsang Sipangan Bolong and Merek sub-districts were chosen as study area. This study found that waste management in both areas is not sustainable. The sources of waste come from residential and non-residential areas. The two regions manage waste independently. Some of the community’s waste handling includes burning, composting, separating kitchen waste for animal feed, and recycling. The two regions’ government is still trying to provide the best service in solid waste management, such as providing communal waste containers in public facilities and waste transportation to landfills. However, it was found that there are still many deficiencies that need to be fixed. Solid waste management in these two regions is still far from Indonesia’s standard.
Performance of Nitrogen Removal in Ceramic Anammox Reactor with Two-Inflow
Authors: Zulkarnaini Z , Silvia S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) converted ammonium into nitrogen gas using nitrite as an electron donor in anaerobic conditions by anammox bacteria. Granular anammox was used commonly to remove ammonium from wastewater. It easy to be broken and tend to settle in the bottom of the reactor in the application. A pored ceramic carrier was proposed to cultivate anammox bacteria with two-inflow substrate feeding. The carrier with a diameter of 1.0 mm was set up in the center of the 1.0 L conical filtering flask reactor. The substrate with 70 mg-N/L of ammonium-supplemented substate was introduced into the reactor through the center of the ceramic carrier from the bottom and 70 mg-N/L nitrite-supplemented substrates into the outside of ceramic carrier with HRT 3 hours. The influent and effluent concentration measured once a week using ion chromatography. The experiment was conducted in the 35°C controlled temperature room. Anammox bacteria grew by filled and covered the ceramic carrier’s pore, and a flock of anammox settled in the reactor. The reactor’s performance achieved a maximum of 76.496 % NRE and 0.901 kg-N/m3·d NRR, respectively.
Analysis of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Analytical Network Process (ANP) Methods at PT. XYZ
Authors: Ginting R , Ishak A , Tarigan R Y , Malik Alfin F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The product under study is a mattress product. The problem at hand is a mismatch with consumer desires. To minimize this mismatch, an analysis was carried out using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Analytical Network Process (ANP) methods. Where QFD is used to determine customer technical desires and then weighting is carried out using the ANP method. From the calculation results, the highest to the lowest technical characteristics are cutting speed, cutting accuracy, product dimensions, component composition, machine capacity, and durability. The value of the difficulty level of cutting speed is 4 and the importance level is 23% and the estimated cost is 20%. Then from these results, the company must pay more attention to these characteristics because it can have a direct effect on the product. The wrong cutting speed will result in reject products so that it can reduce profits for the company or harm the company.
Effect of Particle Size on Adhesion Strength of Bovine Hydroxyapatite Layer on Ti-12Cr Coated by using Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) Method
Authors: Gunawarman  , Mulyadi I H , Arif Z , Nuswantoro N F , Affi J , Niinomi M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) extracted from bovine bones (called as natural HA) was used to coat a relatively new developed titanium alloy, Ti-12Cr, by using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. This is to improve biocompatibility and bioactivity properties of the material to achieve optimal osseointegration in orthopaedic implant applications. There are three particle sizes of the natural HA used in this study (25 μm, 63 μm, and 125 μm) which aims to determine their effect on morphology, structure, and the strength of the resulting coating adhesion. The coating process was carried out at a voltage of 5 Volt for 5 minutes. The resulting layer morphologies and surface coverage were observed using an optical microscope. The increase in sample mass was measured using digital scales to determine the amount of the particles deposition. The coating thickness was measured using coating thickness gauges, and adhesion strength the coating layer was measured by using the cross-cut tape test method. The results of this study indicate that the HA particle size influences significantly on the quality of the coating produced after the EPD process. It is found that the coated Ti-12Cr with a small particle size has better surface properties as compared to the coarse one. Therefore, small size natural HA particles seemmore suitablefor implant applications.
Preparation of avocado leaf simplicia macro/nano particles by using high energy ball mill
Authors: Ridwan F , Fadel M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Taguchi method was used to examine high energy ball mill characteristics when producing micro/nano-particles of Simplicia powder using Orthogonal Array (OA) L25. Two factors and five levels were selected for the smallest diameter. The average fineness of the powder produced by high energy ball mill was calculated using the ASTM E11 standard Retsch vibrating sieve machine. The smoothest’s fineness value was obtained at a working time of 30 minutes and a shaft rotation speed of 578 rpm with a powder fineness of 181μm. The coarsest fineness value was obtained at 10 minutes of working time and 488 rpm rotating speed with 336μm powder fineness. Obtained the smallest particle diameter has the potential for better absorption of nutrients into the body.
Effect of Anti-Stripping Agent with Bipolarity to Strip-Ravelling Damage Caused by Surface Shear Stress
Authors: Imai Hiroki , Nakanishi Hiromitsu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The stripping is one of serious distresses because it causes the decline in the bearing capacity of the asphalt pavement. As the result of evaluation of the bearing capacity of the pavement by FWD, the dissipation amount of work becomes larger at the stripping area in comparison with non-stripping area. An anti-stripping agent is effective for preventing such stripping in advance. The new anti-stripping agent which used in this research forms the strong electrochemical bonding between the asphalt and the aggregate by giving bipolarity to the asphalt. Furthermore, it is clarified that the new anti-stripping agent can give improve and enhance the shear strength of the asphalt as well. The shear strength is closely related to the rutting and the fretting of the asphalt pavement in accordance with past research. Therefore, enhancing the shear strength should contribute to not only the improvement in the rutting and the fretting but also the prevention of the strip-ravelling that the fine aggregates and the asphalt mortar are washed out from the pavement surface and it often takes place in Malaysia and Asian countries. In this research, we will focus on the strip-ravelling of the asphalt pavement, and simulate the strip-ravelling by using an immersed-wearing tester. As a result, this research clarifies the relationship between the shear strength of the asphalt and the strip-ravelling of the asphalt mixture.
Assessment of RCA with RAP materials for pavement applications
Authors: Jayakody S , Gallage C , Ramanujam J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Demolished concretes are being recycled to produce recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in different scales around the world. Therefore, applications of RCA as a construction material are being popular by replacing conventional materials. Many research studies have confirmed the potential use of RCA to be applied as an unbound pavement material. However, presence of constituents such as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in RCA effects on its native properties. Therefore, this study evaluates performance characteristics of RCA with RAP under dynamic loading condition. A series of “repeated load tri-axial (RLT)” test was conducted on RAP blended RCA samples to evaluate the elastic and plastic deformation characteristics with increase of load cycles. The elastic deformation was characterised by resilient modulus and slightly dropped with increase of RAP from 0, 5, 10 to 15% in RCA. Further, it observed a trend of small increase of the plastic deformation of the RCA with the increase of RAP portion. However, presence of RAP up to about 15% in RCA did not significantly affect on the accumulation of permanent strain.
Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements in Germany
Authors: Hristov B , Wellner F , Falla G C , Leischner S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The motivation for this research comes from the inadequacy of the methods currently used for sizing and optimization of building materials used in pavement construction based on increasing traffic loading and changing climatic conditions. Using examples, the paper highlights how deficits can be identified by a detailed investigation of the relationships in order to form a foundation for solving these deficits.
Use of Non-Metallic Powder Reclaimed from Waste Printed Circuit Boards in Rigid Concrete Pavement
Authors: Kakria K , Priya S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Treating E-Waste is the need of the hour, about 2 million tons of E-Waste with a 5% share of PCB (Printed Circuit Boards) is generated by India out of which only few is treated, majority of which is disposed in water bodies and landfills. The disposal of e-waste is a worldwide concern and to deal with the same we propose to use the e-waste in rigid concrete pavement. India with 43,20,000 km of roads, gives a wide possibility of using e-waste in this industry. This research mainly focuses on the conversion of Non-Metallic Powder (NMP) waste recycled from PCBs into acceptable construction material. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of e-waste as a filler replacement, on the strength parameters of concrete (M40 grade) and used as rigid pavement. NMP from waste PCB is mixed with 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% as an additive and based on Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength test and Impact Resistance test, the most suitable dosage of the additive is then to be calculated. It is observed that there is definite increase in compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength with increase in percentage of NMP up to 9%. Here an attempt is made to use the PCB waste products in rigid road construction, which affect the environment and are difficult to process. The study concludes that 9% of e-waste can be used as filler material in bituminous mixes.
Numerical Comparison between Two Tailpipe Shapes of Valved Pulsejet Engine
Authors: Mohsen Kadim Karim , Hussain Zaid Hashim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, the valved pulsejet engine has been numerically investigated using Ansys/fluent (CFD) program. The designed model has a 1400 cm length and 17 cm combustion chamber diameter connected with one of two different shapes of exhaust pipe that has the same length (45 cm). The first shape has a 12 cm constant diameter abbreviated by the constant D; the second has a differential diameter in which the near and far ends are having 12 cm and 15 cm, respectively, and also denoted by different D. The conclusion was the maximum velocity is the same value (46 m/s) in the two cases but centered at the beginning of different D case. In the constant D case, the velocity was distributed in the last 45cm of the exhaust pipe. The maximum pressure generated in the combustion chamber in the constant D case is twice the value compared to the second case. In the case of different D, the pressure curve has a rather strange behavior. The temperature distribution exhibits the same behavior in both cases, but the engine has a different diameter tailpipe generate temperature more significant than the second case by 10%.
The Quality of Drinking Wat between Ozone Sterilization Technology and Home Treatment System in Kirkuk Governorate
Authors: Hameed Estabraq Ali , Al-Falahi Hamed A F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research deals with three sources for supplying pure drinking water and within the limitations. The first source is drinking water disinfected with chlorine, the second is domestic and imported water sterilized with ozone, and the third source is water for household systems. In this research, the models’ physiochemical specifications were evaluated and compared with the modern Iraqi standard number 417. The first source results showed deviations in the values of turbidity, hardness, chlorine, and bromine. The deviations in the values were treated through an improved coagulation technique using ferric chloride. As for the second source results, they were within the specifications except for the deviation in the value of the sulfate ion for one of the models, and that deficiencies in the treatment processes caused the presence of the sulfate ion in a high percentage. Despite the different types of the third source systems, it gave good results, except for an increase in the percentage of chlorine and bromine, which needs periodic treatment, as the dose of chlorine during sterilization and removal of the bromide ion from raw water are joints of great importance and have environmental and health implications.
Temperature Distribution on Rectangular Composite Plate under Thermal Gradient Loading Environment: Experiment and Simulation
Authors: Jameel A N , Yousuf L S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the problem is how to calculate the dynamic mechanical and thermal properties. These properties are a function of the temperature at each conditioning load stage. This paper aims to investigate the influence of temperature distribution on a normal deflection through the plate thickness. In the numerical simulation, ANSYS software Ver. 18.2 is used. Both mechanical and thermal properties have been used as inputs in ANSYS software to simulate each point’s temperature distribution on the composite plate. The purpose of this paper is to show that the temperature distribution is crucial in the phases of thermal fatigue (self-heating, thermomechanical degradation, and crack propagation). The composite laminate plate is exposed to out-off plane temperatures in which the temperature gradient is varied between (60 C° and -15 C°). The experiment setup’s potential is the heating and cooling rig environment and the thermocouple connected to an analog interface card. The implication of temperature distribution is in diesel engine design based on durability and reliability. Points (1, 2, 3) have a regular heating and cooling rate (1.574 C/min or -1.574 C/min), while points (4, 5, 6) have an irregular rate of heating and cooling.
Central Receivers Design in Concentrated Solar Thermal Power Plants: A review
Authors: Mahdi Mohanad Salih , Khudheyer Ahmed Fakhrey 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fossil fuel has been used for electric power generation for many decades, due to CO2 emission and its effect on climatic change, besides its massive effect on human health caused by environmental pollution and the high operation cost. As a result, researches and development studies rose to change this type of energy source to another clean source; a solar thermal power plant is one of the promises options. This paper focused on the significant component studies during the past ten years of central receiver tower (CRT) design in concentrating solar power (CSP) technology to enhance the amount of absorbed heat from the sun. After an introduction to solar thermal power plants concepts, a detailed survey of developing technologies that been done on external central receivers design, the last section contains the novelty of our upcoming study, by designing an external receiver with a variable inclination angles configuration system used in CRT technology and investigate the inclination effect numerically and experimentally on the solar receiver efficiency.