bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Mast Cells in Myeloproliferative Disorders and Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Dunphy Cherie H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Mast cells may be increased as a reactive mastocytosis in various hematologic disorders and malignant neoplasms, as well as in systemic mast cell disease (SMCD). There are no statistical differences in mast cell numbers in reactive mastocytosis and SMCD; however, SMCD usually reveals dyspoietic mast cells and other dyspoietic bone marrow elements. In addition, SMCD is frequently (45%) associated with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) (17%) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) (28%). Thus, it has been suggested that SMCD may represent one aspect of a hematologic disorder that involves multiple bone marrow lineages.
Objective.—To perform a systematic evaluation of MPDs and MDSs without SMCD for dyspoietic mast cells.
Design.—A total of 55 MPDs or MDSs were reviewed, including 20 cytogenetically proven chronic myeloid leukemias, 6 essential thrombocythemias, 2 polycythemia veras, 21 cytogenetically proven MDSs, and 6 chronic myelomonocytic leukemias. Cases of idiopathic myelofibrosis were not included due to lack of spicules. The bone marrow aspirates were reviewed for an increase in mast cells (1+ to 3+), dyspoietic features within mast cells (decreased cytoplasmic granularity, uneven granule distribution), and a predominance of fusiform mast cells.
Results.—All cases, except 2 MDSs, had evaluable bone marrow spicules. Of interest, the MPDs were significantly more associated with increased and dyspoietic mast cells (57% and 61%, respectively) than were the MDSs (11% and 4%, respectively). The 2 polycythemia veras and 6 chronic myelomonocytic leukemias did not reveal increased or dyspoietic mast cells.
Conclusions.—These findings indicate that MPDs (chronic myeloid leukemia and essential thrombocythemia) frequently contain neoplastic mast cells as the spectrum of abnormal bone marrow cells. This feature, in conjunction with other parameters, may possibly be useful in the differential diagnosis of MPDs and MDSs. Our findings, compared with the previously reported findings in SMCD, suggest that SMCD may be more closely related to MPDs than to MDSs.
Defining Error in Anatomic Pathology
Authors: Sirota Ronald L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Although much has been said and written about medical error and about error in pathology since the publication of the Institute of Medicine's report on medical error in 1999, precise definitions of what constitutes error in anatomic pathology do not exist for the specialty. Without better definitions, it is impossible to accurately judge errors in pathology. The lack of standardized definitions has implications for patient care and for the legal judgment of malpractice.
Objectives.—To review the goals of anatomic pathology, to discuss the problems inherent in applying these goals to the judgment of error in pathology, to offer definitions of major and minor errors in pathology, and to discuss error in anatomic pathology in relation to the classic laboratory test cycle.
Data Sources.—Existing literature.
Conclusion.—Definitions for major and minor error in anatomic pathology are proffered, and anatomic pathology error is characterized in the classic test cycle.
Apresentação
Authors: Umbach Rosani Ketzer , Da Silva Mara Lúcia Barbosa , Garlet Deivis Jhones , Lavorati Carla 
Published: February 2021

As temáticas deste dossiê estão ancoradas em uma perspectiva geral da pertinácia dos estudos literários de crítica social, porém com paradigmas de análise específicos. Assim, os dezenove artigos que compõem esse dossiê representam essa diversidade.
A Ditadura Militar brasileira revista em dois textos de Salim Miguel
Authors: Silva Ana Cláudia de Oliveira da 
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho centra-se na análise do livro Primeiro de abril: narrativas da cadeia e na crônica Seqüelas de uma prisão, presente no compêndio Eu e as corruíras, do escritor catarinense Salim Miguel. Nesses relatos, destaca-se a experiência traumática vivida pelo autor durante os quarenta e oito dias em que esteve preso pela Ditadura Militar, em Florianópolis, e suas consequências futuras. Assim, tanto no relato testemunhal quanto na crônica pode-se perceber certa dificuldade em dizer aliada a um dever ético de lembrar, de não deixar esquecer. Dever este que subjaz a própria subjetividade do escritor-narrador que, mesmo traumatizado, intenta debruçar-se sobre os acontecimentos de forma racional, isenta, e encontra reflexos inclusive na forma escolhida para narrar. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar o porquê de certas escolhas formais na narrativa, buscando, para isso, auxílio na crônica jornalística produzida pelo escritor.
Estudo preliminar sobre a atuação da área de recursos humanos como consultoria interna e sua capacidade de inovação das práticas de gestão
Authors: Lima Luciana Campos , Fischer André Luiz 
Published: February 2021

The proposal of the present study is to verify if companies that adopted the model of human resources internal consulting innovated more in their management practices than those who keep a traditional practice. It was included the development of a conceptual model to guide the methodology. The exploratory research used secondary data belonging to a universe of 541 national and multinational companies of different sizes, and 139 000 interviwed in a longitudinal study between the years 2007 to 2011. The sample is not probabilistic and typically consisted of 26 companies, and the study's findings suggest that, the ARH that adopt the internal consulting practices had 64 in 2007 and 128 in 2011, while the traditional left of 59 practices in 2007 to 127 in 2011. Realize that 7% of companies that adopt the model of internal consulting lack a steady increase of practices over the years. Already 14% of ARH that adopted the traditional model did not obtain a progressive practices. It was also observed that the ARH innovated with little internal consulting (128 practices) in terms of increased practical than traditional (127 practices). However, this result can not be considered statistically significant. Despite the limitations of this study, one of its contributions is regarded to a possible agenda of research.
Índice de Theil-T por estratos de renda e por determinantes das desigualdades de remuneração: uma aplicação para o mercado de trabalho de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Soares Arioane Primon , Jacobi Luciane Flores , Zanini Roselaine Ruviaro , Souza Adriano Mendonça 
Published: February 2021

The main purpose of this is paper is to presents the Theil-T index based on the laws of physics and Shannon´s modern mathematical theory of communication to measure income inequality. This index enables to use stratum data by income besides to estimating the inequality intra stratum. The methodology will be illustrated with an application to measure the inequality in the formal labor market in Santa Maria city in Rio Grande do Sul, using social characteristics as gender, age and education level and, attributes of the own market like sphere of activity and economic activity from 2000 to 2009. Although the ex-inequality index calculated using the characteristics above mentioned is classified as medium low according to the PNUD classification, the index emphasizes the importance of assessing the distribution of income considering the local conditions of each micro region in order to direct the public politics to correct the most influential determinants of disparities.
«Den sletteste, den nedrigste og uretfærdigste Embeds Mand» Om prosessen mot byfogd og politimester i Christiansand Mauritz Antonius Schweder
Authors: Heivoll Geir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe first Norwegian Chiefs of Police were appointed in the four main cities during the latter part of the 1600s. The first office was established in Trondheim in 1686, then Bergen in 1692, Christiania in 1744, and finally Christiansand in 1767.
This article deals with the establishment of the police in Christiansand, when Christian VII appointed Mauritz Antonius Schweder Chief of Police in the city. Schweder had already been appointed as a bailiff in Christiansand in 1764, and from 1767 he was both bailiff and Chief of Police. But Schweder’s time in office was a turbulent one, and the conflict surrounding his office escalated so much as to finally end in the retraction of his professional appointment by the Supreme Court in Copenhagen. This article focuses on the trial against Schweder: the many accusations against him, his defense, and the ruling of the Supreme Court, thereby shedding light on a lesser known part of the legal history of the early Norwegian Police.
Mixture ratio modeling of dynamic systems
Authors: Kárný Miroslav , Ruman Marko 
Published: February 2021

SummaryAny knowledge extraction relies (possibly implicitly) on a hypothesis about the modelled‐data dependence. The extracted knowledge ultimately serves to a decision‐making (DM). DM always faces uncertainty and this makes probabilistic modelling adequate. The inspected black‐box modeling deals with “universal” approximators of the relevant probabilistic model. Finite mixtures with components in the exponential family are often exploited. Their attractiveness stems from their flexibility, the cluster interpretability of components and the existence of algorithms for processing high‐dimensional data streams. They are even used in dynamic cases with mutually dependent data records while regression and auto‐regression mixture components serve to the dependence modeling. These dynamic models, however, mostly assume data‐independent component weights, that is, memoryless transitions between dynamic mixture components. Suchmixtures are not universal approximatorsof dynamic probabilistic models. Formally, this follows from the fact that the set of finite probabilistic mixtures is not closed with respect to the conditioning, which is the key estimation and predictive operation. The paper overcomes this drawback by usingratios of finite mixturesas universally approximating dynamic parametric models. The paper motivates them, elaborates their approximate Bayesian recursive estimation and reveals their application potential.
Diagnostic Utility of Gold Coast Criteria in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Hannaford Andrew , Pavey Nathan , van den Bos Mehdi , Geevasinga Nimeshan , Menon Parvathi , Shefner Jeremy M. , Kiernan Matthew C. , Vucic Steve 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThe diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains problematic, with current diagnostic criteria (revised El Escorial [rEEC] and Awaji) being complex and prone to error. Consequently, the diagnostic utility of the recently proposed Gold Coast criteria was determined in ALS.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 506 patients (302 males, 204 females) to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Gold Coast criteria to that of the Awaji and rEEC criteria (defined by the proportion of patients categorized as definite, probable, or possible ALS) in accordance with standards of reporting of diagnostic accuracy criteria.ResultsThe sensitivity of Gold Coast criteria (92%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 88.7–94.6%) was comparable to that of Awaji (90.3%, 95% CI = 86.69–93.2%) and rEEC (88.6, 95% CI = 84.8–91.7%) criteria. Additionally, the Gold Coast criteria sensitivity was maintained across different subgroups, defined by site of onset, disease duration, and functional disability. In atypical ALS phenotypes, the Gold Coast criteria exhibited greater sensitivity and specificity.InterpretationThe present study established the diagnostic utility of the Gold Coast criteria in ALS, with benefits evident in bulbar and limb onset disease patients, as well as atypical phenotypes. The Gold Coast criteria should be considered in clinical practice and therapeutic trials. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:979–986
Visible‐Light Promoted C–O Bond Formation with an Integrated Carbon Nitride–Nickel Heterogeneous Photocatalyst
Authors: Vijeta Arjun , Casadevall Carla , Roy Souvik , Reisner Erwin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNi‐deposited mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (Ni‐mpg‐CNx) is introduced as an inexpensive, robust, easily synthesizable and recyclable material that functions as an integrated dual photocatalytic system. This material overcomes the need of expensive photosensitizers, organic ligands and additives as well as limitations of catalyst deactivation in the existing photo/Ni dual catalytic cross‐coupling reactions. The dual catalytic Ni‐mpg‐CNx is demonstrated for C–O coupling between aryl halides and aliphatic alcohols under mild condition. The reaction affords the ether product in good‐to‐excellent yields (60–92 %) with broad substrate scope, including heteroaryl and aryl halides bearing electron‐withdrawing, ‐donating and neutral groups. The heterogeneous Ni‐mpg‐CNx can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused over multiple cycles without loss of activity. The findings highlight exciting opportunities for dual catalysis promoted by a fully heterogeneous system.
η3‐Coordination and Functionalization of the 2‐Phosphaethynthiolate Anion at Lanthanum(III)**
Authors: Watt Fabian A. , Burkhardt Lukas , Schoch Roland , Mitzinger Stefan , Bauer Matthias , Weigend Florian , Goicoechea Jose M. , Tambornino Frank , Hohloch Stephan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present the η3‐coordination of the 2‐phosphaethynthiolate anion in the complex (PN)2La(SCP) (2) [PN=N‐(2‐(diisopropylphosphanyl)‐4‐methylphenyl)‐2,4,6‐trimethylanilide)]. Structural comparison with dinuclear thiocyanate‐bridged (PN)2La(μ‐1,3‐SCN)2La(PN)2 (3) and azide‐bridged (PN)2La(μ‐1,3‐N3)2La(PN)2 (4) complexes indicates that the [SCP]− coordination mode is mainly governed by electronic, rather than steric factors. Quantum mechanical investigations reveal large contributions of the antibonding π*‐orbital of the [SCP]− ligand to the LUMO of complex 2, rendering it the ideal precursor for the first functionalization of the [SCP]− anion. Complex 2 was therefore reacted with CAACs which induced a selective rearrangement of the [SCP]− ligand to form the first CAAC stabilized group 15–group 16 fulminate‐type complexes (PN)2La{SPC(RCAAC)} (5 a,b, R=Ad, Me). A detailed reaction mechanism for the SCP‐to‐SPC isomerization is proposed based on DFT calculations.
β‐Isoindigo‐azaDIPYs: Fully Conjugated Hybrid Systems with Broad Absorption in the Visible Region
Authors: Zatsikha Yuriy V. , Shamova Liliya I. , Herbert David E. , Nemykin Victor N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA one‐step synthetic pathway for the preparation of fully conjugated β‐isoindigo‐azaDIPY hybrid chromophores comprised of β‐isoindigo and azadipyrromethene moieties is reported. The target compounds were characterized by spectroscopic, crystallographic, and theoretical methods and show unprecedented broad absorption across the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The X‐ray crystal structure of the octa(n‐butyl)‐β‐isoindigo‐azaDIPY derivative revealed that a trans‐configuration of the β‐isoindigo fragment accompanies a planar conjugated core.
Synergetic effects of organic and inorganic additives on improvement in hydrophilicity and performance of PVDF antifouling ultrafiltration membrane for removal of natural organic material from water
Authors: Saini Bharti , Sinha Manish Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSurrounding vegetation, animal, human and microbiological decomposition are the strong source of humic acid (HA) falling into the surface water bodies through rain runoff in the monsoon. HA contains various functional groups, such as carboxylic, phenolic, hydroxyl, and quinine, which are the major foulant. Contact of HA may have an adversarial health issue to human beings namely goiter, black foot, and cancer disease. The maximum permissible limit of HA in drinking water should be less than 2 ppm as per the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The membrane technology has prevailed a prominent place worldwide in chemical, water and wastewater treatment technologies. The proposed work is focused on the blending of organic‐water soluble polymer polyethylene glycol 6000 as a pore‐forming agent and inorganic salt lithium bromide (LiBr) as membrane morphology modifier with polyvinylidene fluoride host polymer in the N,N‐Dimethylacetamide solvent. All fabricated membranes were characterized for functional groups and morphology. The total number of pores per unit surface area of membrane for membranes M‐LiBr‐0, M‐LiBr‐1, M‐LiBr‐2, and M‐LiBr‐3 are 2 × 1013, 2.3 × 1014, 2.7 × 1014 and 2.82 × 1014, respectively. The static water contact angle was decreased from 68.2° to 50.6° with an increase in the content of LiBr from 0 to 3 wt%. The order of pure water flux and hydraulic permeability of the membrane was M‐LiBr‐0 < M‐LiBr‐1 < M‐LiBr‐2 < M‐LiBr‐3. The HA rejection of the membrane was also increased from 90.13% to 96.24% with LiBr content due to a decrease in pore size of the membrane with the addition of LiBr content.
Camptothecin and Topotecan, Inhibitors of Transcription Factor Fli‐1 and Topoisomerase, Markedly Ameliorate Lupus Nephritis in (NZB × NZW)F1 Mice and Reduce the Production of Inflammatory Mediators in Human Renal Cells
Authors: Wang Xuan , Oates Jim C. , Helke Kristi L. , Gilkeson Gary S. , Zhang Xian K. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the therapeutic effects of camptothecin (CPT) and topotecan (TPT), inhibitors of transcription factor Fli‐1 and topoisomerase, on lupus nephritis in (NZB × NZW)F1 (NZBWF1) mice, and to examine the effects of CPT and TPT on inflammatory mediators in human renal cells.MethodsFemale NZBWF1 mice were treated with vehicle, cyclophosphamide (CYC), CPT (1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg), or TPT (0.03 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, or 0. 3 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection twice a week, beginning at the age of 25 weeks (n = 8–10 mice per group). Blood and urine were collected for monitoring autoantibodies and proteinuria. Mice were euthanized at 40 weeks, and renal pathology scores were assessed. Human renal endothelial and mesangial cells were treated with CPT or TPT, and cytokine expression was measured.ResultsNone of the NZBWF1 mice treated with 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg of CPT or 0.3 mg/kg of TPT had proteinuria >100 mg/dl at the age of 40 weeks. One of 8 mice treated with 0.1 mg/kg of TPT and 1 of 10 mice treated with CYC had proteinuria >300 mg/dl, whereas 90% of the mice treated with vehicle had proteinuria >300 mg/dl. Compared to vehicle control, mice treated with 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg of CPT, 0.1 mg/kg or 0.3 mg/kg of TPT, or CYC had significantly prolonged survival, attenuated renal injury, diminished splenomegaly, reduced anti–double‐stranded DNA autoantibody levels, and reduced IgG and C3 deposits in the glomeruli (all P < 0.05). Human renal cells treated with CPT or TPT had reduced expression of Fli‐1 and decreased monocyte chemotactic protein 1 production following stimulation with interferon‐α (IFNα) or IFNγ.ConclusionOur findings indicate that low‐dose CPT and TPT could be repurposed to treat lupus nephritis.
Outcomes of a Mobile App to Monitor Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Yvonne C. , Lu Fengxin , Colls Joshua , Luo Dee , Wang Penny , Dunlop Dorothy D. , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , Song Jing , Michaud Kaleb , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of a smartphone application (app) to monitor longitudinal electronic patient‐reported outcomes (ePROs) on patient satisfaction and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe conducted a 6‐month randomized controlled trial of care coordination along with an app (intervention) versus care coordination alone (control) in 191 RA patients. Participants in the intervention group were prompted to provide information daily using ePROs. In both the intervention and control groups, a care coordinator contacted participants at 6 and 18 weeks to assess for flares. The main outcome measures were the global satisfaction score from the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM), the score from the Perceived Efficacy in Patient‐Physician Interactions (PEPPI) Questionnaire, and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score.ResultsGroups were similar at baseline. The median TSQM score at 6 months was 83.3 in both groups, and the median PEPPI score at 6 months was 50 in both groups. The median CDAI score at 6 months was 8 in the intervention group versus 10 in the control group. No statistically significant group differences in the medians of TSQM, PEPPI, or CDAI scores at 6 months were detected. Of the 67 intervention participants who completed the exit survey, 90% rated their likelihood of recommending the app as ≥7 of 10. Of the 11 physicians who completed the exit survey, 73% agreed/strongly agreed that they wanted to continue offering the app to patients.ConclusionA mobile app designed to collect ePRO data on RA symptoms did not significantly improve patient satisfaction or disease activity compared to care coordination alone. However, both patients and physicians reported positive experiences with the app.
Application of In Situ Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroelectrochemical Methods on the Electrode‐Electrolyte Interface for Lithium−Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Chen Chunguang , Song Mengyuan , Lu Lingzhu , Yue Lijuan , Huang Tao , Yu Aishui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe development of rechargeable lithium−oxygen (Li−O2) batteries with high specific energy is essential to satisfy increasing energy consumption. It is critical to understand the dynamic process and detailed pathways during cell operation, which will allow us to control the reaction, suppress the formation of byproducts, and optimize battery performance. In situ vibrational spectroelectrochemical techniques, including in situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, are powerful analytical methods for the purposes of battery studies and are reviewed in this article. The two in situ techniques can acquire real‐time information of adsorbed species on the interface of the electrode, and reveal the reaction mechanism on the interface of the electrode/electrolyte in depth. In situ Raman technique mainly monitors intermediate species and products in Li−O2 batteries. The applications of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for Li−O2 batteries are described in detail in the review. For the in situ FTIR technique, two commonly used in situ methods are introduced in Li−O2 batteries, namely, subtractive normalized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SNIFTIRS) and attenuated total reflection surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS). The reaction mechanism and failure mechanism of the cell are discussed by using the in situ FTIR technique.
Recent Progress and Challenges in Multivalent Metal‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Yu Xueang , Wu Xuhao , Liang Yuxuan , Liang Kaijie , Huang Shuoji , Li Kunjian , Chen Mingjian , Liu Shaofeng , Li Na , Shi Zhicong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultivalent metal‐ion hybrid capacitors (MMHCs) have drawn much attention in recent years because of their advantages of high energy density (similar to metal‐ion batteries) as well as high power density, high rate capability, and ultra‐long cycle life. However, there are still challenges in developing high‐performance MMHCs, e. g., high‐capacity capacitive materials are particularly needed to be developed to match high‐energy battery‐type electrodes. Therefore, designing novel electrode materials and exploring suitable electrolytes are of particular importance. Herein, we focus on the recent progress of MMHCs in relation to their cathode/anode materials, electrolytes, electrochemical properties, and energy storage mechanisms. Additionally, the current challenges or bottlenecks and future research trends regarding MMHCs are summarized. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the research framework of MMHCs and will be beneficial in the development of high‐performance MMHC devices.