bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potent neutralization of SARS‐CoV‐2 including variants of concern by vaccines presenting the receptor‐binding domain multivalently from nanoscaffolds
Authors: Halfmann Peter J. , Castro Ana , Loeffler Kathryn , Frey Steven J. , Chiba Shiho , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Kane Ravi S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe persistence of the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic has brought to the forefront the need for safe and effective vaccination strategies. In particular, the emergence of several variants with greater infectivity and resistance to current vaccines has motivated the development of a vaccine that elicits a broadly neutralizing immune response against all variants. In this study, we used a nanoparticle‐based vaccine platform for the multivalent display of the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) protein, the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. Multiple copies of RBD were conjugated to the SpyCatcher‐mi3 protein nanoparticle to produce a highly immunogenic nanoparticle‐based vaccine. RBD‐SpyCatcher‐mi3 vaccines elicited broadly cross‐reactive antibodies that recognized the spike proteins of not just an early isolate of SARS‐CoV‐2, but also three SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern as well as SARS‐CoV‐1. Moreover, immunization elicited high neutralizing antibody titers against an early isolate of SARS‐CoV‐2 as well as four variants of concern, including the delta variant. These results reveal the potential of RBD‐SpyCatcher‐mi3 as a broadly protective vaccination strategy.
Gene signatures predict biochemical recurrence‐free survival in primary prostate cancer patients after radical therapy
Authors: Su Qiang , Liu Zhenyu , Chen Chi , Gao Han , Zhu Yongbei , Wang Liusu , Pan Meiqing , Liu Jiangang , Yang Xin , Tian Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the predictive value of gene signatures for biochemical recurrence (BCR) in primary prostate cancer (PCa) patients.MethodsClinical features and gene expression profiles of PCa patients were attained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, which were further classified into a training set (n = 419), a validation set (n = 403). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox (LASSO‐Cox) method was used to select discriminative gene signatures in training set for biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BCRFS). Selected gene signatures established a risk score system. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors about BCRFS were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression models. A nomogram based on multivariate analysis was plotted to facilitate clinical application. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were then executed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs).ResultsNotably, the risk score could significantly identify BCRFS by time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (t‐ROC) curves in the training set (3‐year area under the curve (AUC) = 0.820, 5‐year AUC = 0.809) and the validation set (3‐year AUC = 0.723, 5‐year AUC = 0.733).ConclusionsClinically, the nomogram model, which incorporates Gleason score and the risk score, could effectively predict BCRFS and potentially be utilized as a useful tool for the screening of BCRFS in PCa.
Insecticidal and Repellent Activity ofThymus quinquecostatusCelak. Essential Oil and Major Compositions against Three Stored‐Product Insects
Authors: Lu Xin‐Xin , Feng YI‐Xi , Du Yue‐Shen , Zheng Yu , Borjigidai Almaz , Zhang Xu , Du Shu‐Shan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThymus quinquecostatusCelak. of the Lamiaceae family has a long history of dual use of medicine and food with high economic value, and has been proved to have good antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities. Essential oil (EO) extracted from the aerial part ofT. quinquecostatuswas obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and GC. Totally 45 compounds were identified accounting for 98.5 % of the EO. The major constituents of the EO were linalool (52.003 %), borneol (10.911 %) and anethole (5.325 %). Fumigant, contact and repellent activity ofT. quinquecostatusessential oil (EO) againstTribolium castaneum(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae),Lasioderma Serricorne(Coleoptera: Anobiidae),Liposcelis bostrychophila(Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) were evaluated in this work.T. quinquecostatusEO and three major constituents showed varying degrees of insecticidal and repellent activities to three stored‐product insects. Anethole stated the best fumigant and contact activity than others did to all three insect species. EO and compoundsshowed general repellent activity against three target insects. This work suggests that the EO ofT. quinquecostatushas promising potential to be developed into botanical pesticides and repellents controlling pest damage in warehouses and grain stores.
Chemical Composition and Spectrum of Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils of Ocimum gratissimum L. and Cymbopogon citratus Stapf on the Main Insects of the Cotton Entomofauna in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Kobenan Koffi Christophe , Bini Kouadio Kra Norbert , Kouakou Malanno , Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan , Zengin Gokhan , Ochou Germain Elisabeth Cynthia , Boka Nina Reine Kosso , Menozzi Philippe , Ochou Ochou Germain , Dick Acka Emmanuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmong the alternatives to environmentally toxic and socio‐economically unacceptable chemical pesticides, essential oils from Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus were tested on the main pests and beneficial insects of the cotton plant in Côte d′Ivoire. After extraction and chemical analysis of the essential oils, field trials were carried out using a Fisher block system with three treatment repetitions where their effects compared with those of a registered synthetic insecticide (IBIS A 52 EC). Foliar applications of the products were carried out in accordance with the cotton plant protection extension programme in Côte d′Ivoire from the 45th to the 115th day after plant emergence, with one application every fortnight. Twenty‐three and forty compounds representing about 96 and 99 % of the oil composition of O. gratissimum and C. citratus respectively were elucidated. The most abundant compounds were p‐cymene and thymol (O. gratissimum) and myrcene, neral and geranial (C. citratus). The essential oil of O. gratissimum at concentrations of 2 and 5 % showed insecticidal activity on all pests (biting‐sucking and carpophagous), except the phyllophagous Syllepte derogata. C. citratus, at a low concentration (1 %), was particularly toxic to whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), however, it favoured the action of beneficial insects, specifically black ants and ladybirds in the cotton plots, unlike the chemical product. EO of O. gratissimum (1.60 and 4.62 mg GALAE/g, respectively) and C. citratus (2.26 and 2.78 mg GALAE, respectively) exhibited also significant acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase inhibitors. Insecticide formulations based on the essential oils of O. gratissimum and C. citratus offer favourable prospects for their use in cotton cultivation as an alternative to chemical pesticides.
Feasibility and safety of the successive use of distal transradial access for coronary angiography and intervention in the same arm
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Washimi Soichiro , Hashimoto Sho , Taniguchi Norimasa , Nakajima Shunsuke , Hata Tetsuya , Takahashi Akihiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDistal transradial access (dTRA) is a novel alternative to conventional radial artery access for coronary catheterization. However, the feasibility and safety of repeated use of dTRA have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the repeated use of dTRA for coronary angiography and intervention in the same arm. A total of 1717 patients underwent angiography or angioplasty via dTRA. We retrospectively analyzed the catheterization records of patients who underwent repeated puncture of the distal radial artery in the same arm. The incidence of successive applications of dTRA and the reasons for dropout were retrospectively investigated. A total of 416 patients, including three who underwent coronary catheterization with the bilateral dTRA in the initial attempt were analyzed. A 3‐, 4‐, 5‐, or 6‐French sheath or sheathless guide catheter was used in the initial procedure. A maximum of four successive coronary catheterization procedures were performed. The second procedure with dTRA on the same arm was successfully performed in 395 cases (94.3%), with a successive rate of 89.6% for both the third and fourth dTRA procedures. Conversion to another approach site (n = 30) was attributed to radial artery occlusion (n = 9), narrowing of the distal radial artery (n = 19), and puncture failure (n = 2). The current data indicate that the repeated use of dTRA is safe and feasible, and this approach may become a standard approach site in the future.
Comparison of variable‐rate prescriptions and optimum seeding rate in soybean
Authors: Hamman William P. , Matcham Emma G. , Singh Maninder P. , Lindsey Laura E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs the cost of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed increases, farmers are interested in reducing seeding rates. Variable‐rate seeding (VRS) allows farmers to adjust seeding rates within a field by management zone, and many farmers practice VRS in soybean. However, without field validation, the accuracy of existing VRS practices is unknown. The objectives of this study were to: (a) determine the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) of soybean in predetermined management zones and (b) compare the AOSR to each farmer's standard VRS practice. Ten on‐farm trials were established in Ohio and Michigan during 2017 and 2018. The trials consisted of three uniform seeding rate treatments of low, moderate, and high and a variable‐rate treatment determined by each cooperating farmer. Farmers used a variety of methods to create management zones within their fields. Within each site‐year, soybean grain yield was not different among management zones. The farmer‐selected seeding rate was within 10% of the calculated AOSR in 6 out of 15 management zones. In 8 out of 15 management zones, soybean was underseeded by >10%, and one management zone out of 15 was overseeded by >10%. Underseeding was likely due to low plant populations caused by heavy rainfall after planting or late planting, even though seeding rate was high. We recommend farmers take a stand count to understand the relationship between seeding rate and plant population in their individual field management zones and adjust their seeding rates accordingly.
Salicylideneaniline is a Photoswitchable Ferroelectric Crystal
Authors: Wang Zhong‐Xia , Huang Chao‐Ran , Liu Jun‐Chao , Zeng Yu‐Ling , Xiong Ren‐Gen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince the discovery of the first ferroelectric Rochelle salt, most ferroelectrics have been investigated showing thermally triggered symmetry‐breaking phase transition. Although photochromism arising from geometrical isomerization was reported as early as 1867, such photoswitchable ferroelectric crystals have scarcely been developed to date. Herein, we report that salicylideneaniline is a photochromic ferroelectric crystal. Upon photoirradiation, the dielectric constant shows obvious switching between high and low dielectric states, and more importantly, the ferroelectric polarization demonstrates quick and reversible switching. This work opens the gate to developing photoswitchable ferroelectrics, which holds great potential for applications in optically controlled smart devices.
Additive and Emergent Catalytic Properties of Dimeric Unnatural Amino Acid Derivatives: Aldol and Conjugate Additions
Authors: de Gracia Retamosa María , Ruiz‐Olalla Andrea , Agirre Maddalen , de Cózar Abel , Bello Tamara , Cossío Fernando P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifferent densely substituted L‐ and D‐proline esters were prepared by asymmetric (3+2) cycloaddition reactions catalyzed by conveniently selected EhuPhos chiral ligands. The γ‐nitro‐2‐alkoxycarbonyl pyrrolidines thus obtained in either their endo or exo forms were functionalized and coupled to yield the corresponding γ‐dipeptides. The catalytic properties of these latter dimers were examined using aldol and conjugate additions as case studies. When aldol reactions were analyzed, an additive behavior in terms of stereocontrol was observed on going from the monomers to the dimers. In contrast, in the case of the conjugate additions between ketones and nitroalkenes, the monomers did not catalyze this reaction, whereas the different γ‐dipeptides promoted the formation of the corresponding Michael adducts. Therefore, in this latter case emergent catalytic properties were observed for these novel γ‐dipeptides based on unnatural proline derivatives. Under certain conditions stoichiometric amounts of ketone, acid and nitroalkene), formation of N‐acyloxy‐2‐oxooctahydro‐1H‐indoles was observed.
Energetic characterization and flash pyrolysis of different elephant grass cultivars (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.)
Authors: de O. Lessa Mayara , Q. Calixto Guilherme , das Chagas Bruna M. E. , M. Aguiar Emerson , de F. Melo Marcus A. , M. Braga Renata 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLimited fossil fuel reserves combined with greenhouse gas intensification due to CO2 emissions has encouraged research in renewable fuels. In this work, a flash pyrolysis study of elephant grass cultivars—Pennisetum purpureum Schum cultivar Mott (MEG), P. purpureum Schum cultivar Roxo (REG), and P. purpureum Schum cultivar Capiaçu (CEG)—was carried out. The biomasses were evaluated in terms of energy characterization by proximate and ultimate analysis, thermogravimetric analyses (TG/DTG), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and analytical pyrolysis (Py‐GC/MS) at 600°C. The characterization results showed that these biomasses have potential for energy applications and to produce valuable chemicals. The pyrolysis products produced were mainly oxygenated, including short‐chain organic acids (C1‐C4), furans, esters, aldehydes, ketone, and phenols. Although the obtained results were similar for the three biomasses with small variations in the yields of the pyrolysis products, the study reveals an important difference in terms of energy density. CEG was proven as the most promising elephant grass cultivar to be applied for fast pyrolysis to obtain bio‐oil due to its higher dry matter production (2115 t km−2), power generated (9529 MWh km−2), HHV (16.22 MJ kg−1), lower ash content (6.75%), higher volatile content (74.84%), and higher carbon content (42.57%).
Unanticipated CNS Safety Signal in a Placebo‐Controlled, Randomized Trial of Co‐Administered Atovaquone‐Proguanil and Amodiaquine
Authors: Chalon Stephan , Chughlay M. Farouk , Abla Nada , Marie Tchouatieu Andre , Haouala Amina , Hutter Ben , Lorch Ulrike , Macintyre Fiona 
Published: August 2021

Atovaquone‐proguanil (ATV‐PG) plus amodiaquine (AQ) has been considered as a potential replacement for sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus AQ for seasonal malaria chemoprevention in African children. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of ATV‐PG plus AQ in healthy adult males and females of Black sub‐Saharan African origin. Participants were randomized to four treatment groups: ATV‐PG/AQ (n = 8), ATV‐PG/placebo (n = 12), AQ/placebo (n = 12), and placebo/placebo (n = 12). Treatments were administered orally once daily for 3 days (days 1–3) at daily doses of ATV‐PQ 1000/400 mg and AQ 612 mg. Co‐administration of ATV‐PG/AQ had no clinically relevant effect on PK parameters for ATV, PG, the PG metabolite cycloguanil, AQ, or the AQ metabolite N‐desethyl‐amodiaquine. Adverse events occurred in 8 of 8 (100%) of participants receiving ATV‐PG/AQ, 11 of 12 (91.7%) receiving ATV‐PG, 11 of 12 (91.7%) receiving AQ, and 3 of 12 (25%) receiving placebo. The safety and tolerability profiles of ATV‐PG and AQ were consistent with previous reports. In the ATV‐PG/AQ group, 2 of 8 participants experienced extrapyramidal adverse effects (EPAEs) on day 3, both psychiatric and physical, which appeared unrelated to drug plasma PKs or cytochrome P450 2C8 phenotype. Although rare cases are reported with AQ administration, the high incidence of EPAE was unexpected in this small study. Owing to the unanticipated increased frequency of EPAE observed, the combination of ATV‐PQ plus AQ is not recommended for further evaluation in prophylaxis of malaria in African children.
Mapping clubroot resistance of Brassica rapa introgressed into Brassica napus and development of molecular markers for the resistance
Authors: Hasan Muhammad Jakir , Shaikh Rubeena , Basu Urmila , Rahman Habibur 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo date, more than 20 clubroot resistance (CR) loci have been reported in the A‐genome of Brassica rapa; however, only a few of them has been introgressed into B. napus canola. The introgression of additional CR loci will broaden the genetic base of resistance of this crop. In this paper, we report the genetic basis of CR of B. rapa var. pekinensis cultivar ‘Bilko’ introgressed into B. napus, mapping this resistance using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from B. napus × Bilko‐CR interspecific cross. Evaluation of the F2 and F3 populations of Bilko revealed that a single gene controls resistance to pathotype 3 in this cultivar. Quantitative trait loci‐seq approach using whole‐genome resequencing identified a genomic region of chromosome A03 associated with this resistance in the RIL population. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based allele‐specific markers from the TIR‐NB‐LRR (TNL) gene Bra012688 co‐segregated with this resistance, however, with 0.4–0.8% recombination. Bra012688 is located at 23,877,250–23,883,169 bp of B. rapa cultivar Chiifu‐401 whole‐genome assembly v.3.0, and at 378 bp downstream of another TNL gene Bra012689. Molecular markers, linked to previously reported CR loci of A03, did not co‐segregate with the resistance in the RIL population; this demonstrates the need for the development of new markers for the CR loci following introgression into the recipient species. The knowledge and the SNP allele‐specific markers developed in this study could be used in breeding for clubroot resistance in B. napus.
Groundwater, biodiversity, and the role of flow system scale
Authors: Aldous Allison R. , Gannett Marshall W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGroundwater‐dependent ecosystems and species (GDEs) are found throughout watersheds at locations of groundwater discharge, yet not all GDEs are the same, nor are the groundwater systems supporting them. Groundwater moves along a variety of flow paths of different lengths and with different contributing areas, ranging from shorter local flow paths with low discharge and large seasonal variability to streams, springs and wetlands to longer regional flow paths with potentially larger discharge and low seasonal variability, commonly at low basin elevations. How does this variation in physical hydrology affect the type and distribution of GDEs? Using data on hypsographic position, groundwater‐dependent species distributions, groundwater pumping and streamflow from Oregon, USA, we provide a conceptual model and initial supporting evidence demonstrating that spatial variation in groundwater flow path scales, illustrated using basin hypsography, is a driver of non‐random distribution of GDEs across watersheds. Further, we posit that the spatial variation in primary stressors to groundwater (e.g. pumping and climate change) will differentially affect GDEs depending on their hypsographic position. Furthermore, because of their use for irrigation and municipal water supply, regional groundwater systems and associated species are more likely to be studied and receive regulatory protection. Our initial data point to a disproportionate focus on larger discharge, lower elevation GDEs, which leads to a bias in our understanding of the full suite of biodiversity associated with groundwater discharge as well as their stressors and potential mechanisms for protection.
Development and validation of an environmental DNA protocol to detect an invasive Caribbean freshwater fish, the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Smith Sierra N. , Schlupp Ingo , Higgins Edward D. , Watters Jessa L. , Bennett Kerri‐Ann , Bräger Stefan , Siler Cameron D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe describe the development and validation of a qPCR assay to detect Poecilia reticulata, a highly invasive species of freshwater fish invasive to the Caribbean islands, through environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling. Originating from Trinidad, this species is invasive and detrimental to countless native tropical fish communities. A qPCR assay, consisting of a set of primers and a fluorescent probe, amplifying a 214 base pair target region of the mitochondrial Cytochrome B gene was designed for P. reticulata from existing DNA sequence data. The assay was assessed for target specificity, with no evidence of amplification in closely related or sympatrically distributed non‐target species. In vitro tests indicate that the assay consistently detects P. reticulata down to concentrations of 2.0 × 10−5 ng/μl. The developed assay provides a new, practical tool for monitoring freshwater habitats throughout the Caribbean, allowing for early and rapid detection of invasive fish species of conservation concern.
Atrial fibrillation before heart transplantation is a risk factor for post‐transplant atrial fibrillation and mortality
Authors: Darche Fabrice F. , Helmschrott Matthias , Rahm Ann‐Kathrin , Thomas Dierk , Schweizer Patrick A. , Bruckner Tom , Ehlermann Philipp , Kreusser Michael M. , Warnecke Gregor , Frey Norbert , Rivinius Rasmus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsAtrial fibrillation (AF) after heart transplantation (HTX) is associated with worse clinical outcomes. The current study aimed to analyse the association between AF before HTX and AF within 30 days after HTX.Methods and resultsThis study included 639 adults who received HTX at Heidelberg Heart Center. Patients were subdivided into four groups depending on the status of AF before and after HTX. Analyses comprised recipient and donor data, medication, echocardiographic features, permanent pacemaker implantation, stroke, and mortality after HTX. Three hundred thirty‐two patients (52.0%) had neither AF before nor after HTX, 15 patients (2.3%) had no AF before HTX but showed AF after HTX, 219 patients (34.3%) showed AF before HTX but had no AF after HTX, and 73 patients (11.4%) had AF before and after HTX. Patients with AF before and after HTX had a higher 1 year post‐transplant mortality (39.7%) than patients without AF before or after HTX (18.1%, P < 0.01). Secondary outcomes showed a higher percentage of enlarged atria, ventricular dysfunction, mitral regurgitation, 1‐year stroke, and 1‐year permanent pacemaker implantation in patients with AF before and after HTX. Multivariate analysis revealed a six‐fold elevated risk for post‐transplant AF in patients with AF before HTX (hazard ratio: 6.59, confidence interval: 3.72–11.65; P < 0.01). Further risk factors for post‐transplant AF were higher donor age and prolonged ischaemic time, whereas total orthotopic HTX was associated with a two‐fold lower risk for post‐transplant AF.ConclusionsAtrial fibrillation before HTX is a risk factor for post‐transplant AF, permanent pacemaker implantation, and mortality after HTX.