bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does an Alteration in Nociceptive Response to Mineral Components of Dental Composites Involve Changes in Oxidative Status? A Brief Report
Authors: Arsenijevic Natalija , Milenkovic Jovana , Milanovic Pavle , Arnaut Aleksandra , Jovanovic Milica , Velickovic Stefan , Scepanovic Radomir , Selakovic Dragica 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Since that use of bioactive mineral components of dental composites have been accompanied with various toxicities, including neurotoxicity, the aim of the study was to examine the effect of chronic application of hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and amorphous calcium phosphate in nanoparticles (nHA, nTCP, nACP) to parameters of sensitivity to thermal pain stimuli. Although the systemic toxicity of those compounds is frequently attributed to an oxidative damage, we also decided to examine the potential effects of Filipendula ulmaria extract on nociception alterations induced by the nano-sized mineral components of dental composites. Forty-two Wistar albino rats were divided into control and six experimental (equal) groups that orally received either nHA, nTCP, nACP alone, or simultaneously with FU extract for 30 days. Nociceptive alterations were quantified in the hot plate and tail flick test. The chronic administration of nHA and nACP resulted in significant increase in reactivity to thermal stimulus, with no significant change observed in nTCP group when compared to the control in the hot plate test, while simultaneous application of FU extract prevented any significant alteration of time to respond. The reaction time in the tail flick test for all three groups that received only nano calcium phosphates was reduced, with no changes in the groups treated with FU extract. The results of this study confirmed that calcium phosphates of mineral components of dental composites produced hyperalgesic effects, and this side effect were significantly attenuated by antioxidant supplementation.
Playing Games of Dress-Up During the Italian Renaissance
Authors: Andrews Maddi 
Published: April 2021

Throughout the Renaissance, people would dress sculptures of the Virgin during sacred ceremonies, adorn sculptures of the Madonna and Child with jewels, and swaddle sculptures of the infant Christ. Agostino di Giovanni’s Annunciate Virgin (1321) [Fig. 1] reflects the popular tradition of dressing sculptures in Tuscany during the Trecento and Quattrocento. Agostino di Giovanni carved the Annunciate Virgin wearing only a red underdress, as this sculpture was originally dressed in an actual fabric mantle and veil. The moveable joints in her elbows and shoulders facilitated dressing. The Virgin reflects the idealized beauty standards of the period, with full cheeks, almond-shaped eyes, a small pointed nose, and delicate rosebud lips. During the Trecento and Quattrocento, dressing sculptures were popular, and worshipers likely engaged in the act of dressing as a form of devotion. Her youthful beauty, and the fact that worshipers dressed her, raise issues of decorum, especially considering that the act of dressing implies undressing. These tensions are reflected in later accounts of priests dressing sculptures of the Virgin Mary using poles and under the supervision of pious women. Given that worshipers dressed this sculpture in actual fabric, how did the Annunciate Virgin balance humanity and divinity, thus mitigating these concerns of modesty? This research paper explores this question using the visual reconstruction of the Annunciate Virgin, which recreates the original physical and social context of the sculpture [Figs. 2 –3].

(clockwise from upper left) Figure 1.Annunciate Virgin by Agostino di Giovanni1321
Figure 2.Annunciate Virgin Reconstruction
Figure 3.Reconstruction
Picturing Canada
Authors: Lanziner Jessica 
Published: April 2021

This project focused on gathering information relevant to photography in British North America from the period of 1839-1889. It utilized the digitized newspapers available on the searchable Paper of Record database, beginning with Halifax, Toronto, St. Thomas, and Vancouver. The recorded information highlighted photographic service advertisements, studio location changes, photographic bookings, and new developments in photographic technology. This research allows for insight into how and for what purposes photography was being used in this time period. Through examining different newspapers across multiple locations, this project was able to track the speed at which news and technological developments were received in different areas. The project additionally tracked and mapped the location of artists and photography studios, in an effort to tie the movement of photographers from one city, town, or province, to one another. Several photographers were discovered to occupy the same photographic studios, passing off their studios to others, while in pursuit of a greater opportunity elsewhere. In executing this research, this project established a basis for on the archived information on early Canadian photography, and specifically, the connections between the movement of photographers.
Uma Forma de Convivência com a Seca: Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Brígida - Pernambuco - Brasil (A Form of the Living with Drought: Brigida River Watershed-Pernambuco-Brasil)
Authors: Fechine Alegnoberto Leite , Galvíncio Josiclêda Domiciano 
Published: April 2021

Mudanças no clima, provocada por aumento da temperatura, é uma realidade. Estudos recentes têm mostrado mudanças perceptíveis na temperatura, no regime de chuvas, nos recursos hídricos, no escoamento superficial e na agricultura; com consequências severas para as populações. Como água é mal distribuída e com a intensificação das secas a situação se agravará cada vez mais, chegando a um ponto de famílias inteiras migrarem para outras áreas. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste escopo é expor e analisar as diversas formas de convivências com a variabilidade do clima na bacia hidrográfica do rio Brígida.A área em análise possui clima semiárido e está localizada no Nordeste do Brasil, estado de Pernambuco. De acordo com o estudo a área mais vulnerável da bacia é a porção sul, onde o uso da terra se dá de forma desorganizada e despreparada. Já a porção norte é a menos vulnerável, pois, é mais propicia a receber maiores valores de precipitação. Sendo assim, a convivência com as mudanças do clima a exemplo: captação de água da chuva e a agroecologia são opções necessárias.A B S T R A C T - Changes in climate caused by increasing temperature, is a reality. Recent studies have shown noticeable changes in temperature, rainfall patterns, water resources, surface runoff and agriculture; with severe consequences for the populations. As water is poorly distributed and the intensification of droughts will worsen the situation increasingly, reaching a point of entire families migrate to other areas. Therefore, the aim of this scope is to expose and analyze the various forms of cohabitation with climate variability in the basin of river Bridget. The area in question has semi-arid climate and is located in the northeast of Brazil, Pernambuco state. According to the study the most vulnerable area of the basin is the southern portion, where the land use occurs in a disorganized and unprepared shape. Already the northern portion is less vulnerable because it is most facilitates receive larger amounts of precipitation. Thus, the interaction with the climate changes such: capturing rainwater and agroecology options are necessary. Keywords: coexistence, capture rainwater, semiarid.
Correlação entre Medições do Satélite MSG nos Canais 5 e 6 e o Teor de Umidade do Ar Obtido pelo Modelo BRAMS (Correlation Between Channels 5 and 6 data from Measurements from MSG Satellite and BRAMS Model Simulated Atmospheric Moisture Content)
Authors: Mariano Everson Batista , Cavalcanti Enilson Palmeira 
Published: April 2021

Neste trabalho foi feito uma associação do sensoriamento remoto com a modelagem numérica da atmosfera no propósito de identificar correlações entre imagens do MSG, através dos canais 5 e 6 com a água precipitável, umidade relativa do ar e a diferença entre a temperatura do ar e a temperatura do ponto de orvalho obtidas através do BRAMS. Duas imagens foram estabelecidas para o estudo: 1) Dia 29/09/2012, 12:00 UTC e cortes em 21º S e 27º S; e 2) dia 30/09/2012, 00:00 UTC e cortes em 18º S e 24º S. O modelo BRAMS foi inicializado com dados de re-análises do NCEP/NCAR com saídas a cada 6 horas na mesma resolução espacial e temporal das imagens do MSG (4 km, cada 6 horas). Imagens MSG dos canais 5 e 6 juntamente com o modelo BRAMS se mostraram eficazes no estudo da umidade atmosférica. ABSTRACT This work had the objective of identifying the relationship between MSG satellite data from channels 5 and 6 with precipitable water, relative humidity and the difference between the air temperature and dew point temperature outputs from BRAMS model, in a tentative of associating atmospheric remote sensing and numerical modeling. For this, two base-images were obtained: 1) 29-09-2012, 12:00 UTC ranging between 21°S and 27ºS; and 2) 30-09-2012, 00:00 UTC, ranging between 18°S and 24°S. The model was feeded with NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data, using the same spatial resolution as the satellite data (4 km in a 6-hour time-step). A 95-99% statistical significance level was obtained throughout the obtained correlations. The MSG satellite data from channels 5 and 6 alongside the BRAMS simulations have proven to be an effective technique in the study of atmospheric humidity. Keywords: BRAMS, Correlations, Images, MSG.
Variabilidade Espaco-Temporal da Precipitação na Amazônia durante Eventos ENOS (Spatio-temporal Variability of Precipitation in the Amazon during ENOS Events)
Authors: Sousa Adriano Marlison , Rocha Edson José Paulino da , Vitorino Maria Isabel , Ponte de Souza Paulo Jorge Oliveira , Botelho Marcel Nascimento 
Published: April 2021

As relações entre o ENOS e a precipitação na Amazônia são analisadas num contexto espacial e temporal. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados mensais de precipitação de 238 estações distribuídas nos estados do Amazonas, Amapá, Pará e Maranhão, no período de 1920 a 2011. A identificação dos eventos de El Niño e La Niña foi feita através da análise dos campos de anomalias de precipita-ção, e foi aplicada a transformada em Ondeleta Morlet para a caracterização de todas as oscilações presentes no sinal da precipitação para o período estudado. Os resultados mostram que a distribuição espacial das anomalias positivas e negativas é bastante heterogênea, devido às interações das diferentes dimensões de tempo e escala do fenômeno ENOS e das condições de superfície da Ama-zônia. A diferença entre os eventos de El-Niño de 1982/83 e 1997/98 está relacionado à maior atua-ção em área com anomalias negativas, causando uma redução na precipitação no leste da Amazônia. Observou-se que os eventos de ENOS foram modulados por oscilações de precipitações de múlti-plas escala de tempo, tais como: decadal, interdecadal, anual e intrasazonal. Já as oscilações intrasa-zonais estiveram relacionas apenas ao evento de La-Niña 1984/85. A B S T R A C T This study examined the relationship between ENSO and precipitation in the Amazon in a spatial and temporal. For this, we used the monthly data of precipitation of 238 stations distributed in the states of Amazonas, Amapá, Pará and Maranhão (period 1970 – 2011). For the analysis of data were made calculations of anomalies of precipitation, to identify the events of El Niño and La Niña, and application of the Wavelet Transform into Morlet to the characterization of oscillations in the sign of precipitation. The results show that the spatial distribution of positive and negative anomalies is quite heterogeneous, because the interactions of the different dimensions of time and scale of the ENSO phenomena and the surface condition of the Amazon. The difference between the events of El Niño of 1982/83 and 1997/98, be related to increased activity in an area with negative anomalies, causing a decrease in precipitation in eastern Amazonia. It was observed that the events of ENSO have been modulated by oscillations of precipitation of multiple time scale, such as decadal, interdecadal, annual and intraseasonal. It was noted also that the intraseasonal oscillations were related only to the La-Niña event in 1984/85. Keywords: Wavelets Morlet, Water Resources, extreme events.
Potential of Eggshell Powders as a Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Therapy
Authors: Jaya Nitya M , Anjani Elisabeth , Madeleine Alycia , Saraswati Made R 
Published: April 2021

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is a secondary effect of diseases outside theparathyroid glands which causes a decrease in calcium levels and an increase in the work of theparathyroid glands in increasing the body's calcium levels. This literature review aimed todetermine the effect of CaCO 3 contained in eggshells on the PTH profile in secondaryhyperparathyroidism and its side effects. The journals used in the writing of this article weresourced from PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Google Scholar using keywords and the PRISMA method. Based on the results of the study, it was known that the shell of a domestic chicken egg(Gallus domesticus) contains approximately 97% CaCO 3 . The potential of eggshell powdercontaining CaCO 3 was to reduce parathyroid hormone (PTH) in sHPT and increased calciumlevels by binding mechanisms and forming insoluble complexes with phosphate in the intestine,but the effect of other eggshell substances was still limited. Based on this, it can be concludedthat eggshell powder could play a role in lowering the PTH hormone in secondaryhyperparathyroidism and increasing calcium levels in the blood with minimal side effects.However, further clinical trials are still needed to evaluate the clinical effects.
Keywords: Secondary hyperparathyroidism; Eggshell; Calcium carbonate (CaCO?), Parathyroidhormone
Atypical Kawasaki Disease in a Two-Year-Old Girl with Initial Presentation of Acute Diarrhea
Authors: Situmorang Desman , Karina Permata P 
Published: April 2021

Kawasaki Disease is a spectrum of idiopathic, self-limited fever disease affecting childrenunder 5 years old. This disorder can be challenging to be diagnosed by a pediatrician since thereis no specific diagnostic laboratory test. One atypical Kawasaki Disease case presented withgastrointestinal symptoms, a two-year-old girl was hospitalized with fever, accompanied by non-hemorrhagic diarrhea three days before admission. Physical examination revealed unilateralcervical lymph enlargement and mild-moderate dehydration. Initial laboratory examinationresult showed thrombocytosis, leukocytosis (shift to the left), and normal routine fecal analysis.The patient was initially diagnosed with acute diarrhea with mild-moderate dehydration. She wastreated with a rehydration regimen and antibiotic, but her fever persisted. On the third day ofhospitalization, she fulfilled 3 of the classic Kawasaki Disease criteria (conjunctivitis, crackedlips with strawberry tongue, and lymphadenopathy). Further blood work resulted in increased C-reactive protein 43.35 mg/L and ESR 72 mm/hour, while chest X-ray and electrocardiographwere within normal limit. This patient was proceed to Hasan Sadikin General Hospital for furtherexamination and therapy. Atypical Kawasaki Disease can be a puzzling diagnosis due to itsuncommon presentations. Clinicians should importantly keep it in mind as a differential diagnosisin patients with prolonged fever.
Keywords: atypical Kawasaki disease; diarrhea; prolonged fever
Super Bacteria: A New Hope of Manufacturing Spider Silk in an Efficient Way
Authors: Chandrayee Talukdar  , Swastik Sastri  
Published: April 2021

The important properties of spider dragline silk and other protein polymers will find many applications. We have demonstrated the production of spider silk, which has many important properties, are produced from the bacteria including Escherichia coli. The productions of high molecular weight spider drag line encoded by synthetic genes. Silk protein can be efficiently produced by the microbial system has become an advantageous method like quick secretion and simple product recovery has become an efficient method .From the observation of various experiments done by several scientists has shown silk made in laboratory. The study of RIKEN centre for sustainable resource science has shown that spider silk can be produce huge amount. Observation shown that joining of the fragments by split intein sequence which then cut itself to yield full name protein .Spun into fibers make the microbial spider silk tough , stretchable and stronger. Better modification of bioengineering can increase the amount of production.
Scenario analysis for energy banking between Nepal & India from Nepali perspective
Authors: Puri Bijay , Mishra Arbind Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Government of Nepal has agreed with India on energy banking with aim to enhance the energy security of respective national grids. The general concept of this banking is that the surplus energy available in Nepal during the wet months is absorbed by the power system of India and Nepal will retrieve the much needed banked energy during dry months. However, major challenge to quantify the energy being transacted and bring this into feat is, the hydro generation projects being not completed in scheduled time and uncertainties in the domestic consumption. Even the authentic reports from different governmental agencies contradict each other in estimating future internal electrical energy consumption pattern. The lack of rigid national grid‐supply is a key constraint to enhance the domestic demand and seems to be the crucial factor for import/export location & respective line power flow selection. This paper illustrates the prospective scenario analysis for monthly surplus – deficit energy during the period of fiscal year 2077/78 BS to 2084/85 BS from Nepalese prospective. The scenarios viz. commissioning of upcoming generating projects in accordance to Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) concluded date as well as with trending delays are taken into account. The consumption sector with normal energy growth and with intervention like heavy penetration of electric vehicle and electric induction cooking, are considered during the analysis. The modeling of planned INPS and simulation is performed in ETAP. The cross – border transmission line flows and avenues as well as operating behavior of planned INPS are also analyzed.
Treatment Strategies in Acute Post-operative Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery at a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nepal: A 5-year Retrospective Review
Authors: Suwal Barsha , Khadka Deepak , Shrestha Arjun , Shrestha Rajan 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Despite best possible preventive measures, acute postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) is still the most devastating, sight-threatening complication after intraocular surgery and the most feared complication by treating surgeons.
Materials and methods: It is a retrospective study of 22 eyes diagnosed as acute POE following cataract surgery in the last 5 years (2015-2019), aimed to evaluate the treatment strategies used in its management. Main outcome measures evaluated were rates of repeat intravitreal injection, adjunctive therapeutic regimens, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and visual outcome.
Results: Twenty one eyes (95.45%) received repeated intravitreal injection. Adjuvant intravitreal steroid was used in 12 eyes (54.54%), oral steroid in 16 eyes (72.72%) and oral antibiotic in 8 eyes (36.36%). PPV was done in 8 eyes (34.78%) and all 8 eyes that underwent PPV had a vision of Hand Movement (HM) close to face. 7 eyes (87.5%) had early PPV within 1 week of diagnosis. The median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 1.00 logMar to 0.8 logMar following treatment at 3 months follow up (p= 0.117).
Conclusion: Repeat intravitreal injections were commonly employed. Early PPV was performed more commonly regardless of the visual acuity at the time of diagnosis of acute POE.
Pathologic Risk Factor in Retinoblastoma: An Institutional Experience Based on Analysis of Enucleated Eyes
Authors: Shah Anita , Shrestha Manisha , Shrestha Saurav Man , Khatri Anadi , Shrestha Prateek Krishna 
Published: April 2021

Background: Mortality resulting from the metastasis of retinoblastoma is uncommon in the developed world, however it still constitutes a major problem in developing countries like Nepal. The cases of retinoblastoma with increased risk of metastasis even after enucleation can be predicted from the histopathological examination of the enucleated specimen. We conducted this study aiming to assess the frequency and spectrum of high-risk histological features in enucleated specimens of retinoblastoma.
Materials and methods: Forty-two specimens of primary enucleation done for treatment of retinoblastoma received in the Department of Pathology at UCMS from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018 were included in the study. All slides were reviewed for high-risk histological features along with tumor differentiation, tumor extension, necrosis, and staging. Correlation of high-risk histological features with age and tumor size was calculated using unpaired t-test and correlation with tumor differentiation, necrosis and staging was done using Pearson Chi square test.
Results: The median age at enucleation was 24 months. All patients had endophytic lesion with a mean tumor size of 1.8cm. One or more high-risk histological features were identified in 30.9% (13/42). The most common high-risk histological feature was retrolaminar optic nerve invasion (10/12, 71.4%). Statistically significant correlation of high risk histological features was noted with tumor size (p=0.011) and AJCC stage of tumor (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: Complete histopathological evaluation of retinoblastoma requires searching for high-risk histological features, the presence of which will guide the clinician in timely planning for subsequent neoadjuvant therapy.
Pratique des soins du cordon ombilical du nouveau-né dans les maternités et les unités de néonatologie des centres de santé du district de la Kozah (Togo)
Authors: Tchagbele O.-B. , Segbedji K.A.R. , Takassi O.E. , Talboussouma S.M. , Agrigna H. , Agbeko F. , Koumoï T. , Douti K. , Gbadoé A.D. , Atakouma Y.D. , Azoumah K.D. 
Published: April 2021

L’objectif de notre travail a été d’étudier la pratique des soins du cordon ombilical dans les services de maternité et de néonatologie des centres de santé du district de la Kozah (Togo).Méthode: Il s’agit d’une étude transversale descriptive portant sur les soins du cordon ombilical après la naissance menée du 1er au mars au 30 juin 2020, dans le district de Kozah, au sein de neuf centres de santé, dont trois centres de référence.Résultats: Nous avons interrogé 102 professionnels sur les soins du cordon ombilical dans les neuf centres visités. Parlant des connaissances des prestataires sur les soins du cordon, la majorité (99,02%) avaient une bonne connaissance de ces soins. Les produits utilisés pour les soins variaient d’un centre à l’autre et selon les prestataires. La chlorexidine gel 4% était le produit le plus utilisé (39,21%). Il n’existait pas de protocole écrit et affiché dans tous les centres visités. Le matériel utilisé pour le clampage, la section, la ligature et les soins du cordon variait d’un centre à un autre. La pince de Kocher et le clamp de Barr étaient utilisés respectivement dans 3,92% et 8,82% des cas pour le clampage et les ciseaux pour la section du cordon.Conclusion: Cette étude met en évidence que la pratique des soins du cordon dans le district de la Kozah est satisfaisante. En revanche, aucun centre ne dispose d’un protocole écrit et affiché sur les soins du cordon ombilical chez le nouveau-né.