bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of aging on clinical features and metabolic complications of women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Falcetta P. , Benelli E. , Molinaro A. , Di Cosmo C. , Bagattini B. , Del Ghianda S. , Salvetti G. , Fiore E. , Pucci E. , Fruzzetti F. , Tonacchera M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the distribution of clinical features and metabolic abnormalities of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women according to their age.

Methods
Retrospective study on 602 women (mean age 23.9 ± 6.2 years), diagnosed according to International PCOS Network Guidelines criteria as having PCOS in a University-based Hospital. Anthropometric features, hormonal and metabolic parameters were measured and compared between the different age groups (group A ≤ 20 years; group B 21–30 years; group C > 30 years).

Results
Patients in group A were more often hyperandrogenic, while in group C hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, impaired fasting glucose, and insulin resistance (IR) were more prevalent. After adjusting for BMI, age correlated positively with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), IR, total- and LDL-cholesterol, and negatively with DHEAS, insulin, and free androgen index (FAI). SHBG was significantly associated with IR and atherogenic dyslipidemia, while FAI levels were linked to hypertension, independently of other factors considered. Furthermore, the regression analysis showed a stronger relationship between BMI and metabolic outcomes, regardless of age.

Conclusion
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) phenotype changes with age. Clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism are a major concern in young PCOS women, while metabolic burden tends to increase with aging. Some of the cardiovascular risk factors are dependent on FAI and SHBG levels, whereas BMI confirms its key role in the genesis of most of the metabolic sequelae in PCOS, independently of age.
Two view NURBS reconstruction based on GACO model
Authors: Saini Deepika , Kumar Sanoj , Singh Manoj K. , Ali Musrrat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe key job here in the presented work is to investigate the performance of Generalized Ant Colony Optimizer (GACO) model in order to evolve the shape of three dimensional free-form Non Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) curve using stereo (two) views. GACO model is a blend of two well known meta-heuristic optimization algorithms known as Simple Ant Colony and Global Ant Colony Optimization algorithms. Basically, the work talks about the solution of NURBS-fitting based reconstruction process. Therefore, GACO model is used to optimize the NURBS parameters (control points and weights) by minimizing the weighted least-square errors between the data points and the fitted NURBS curve. The algorithm is applied by first assuming some pre-fixed values of NURBS parameters. The experiments clearly show that the optimization procedure is a better option in a case where good initial locations of parameters are selected. A detailed experimental analysis is given in support of our algorithm. The implemented error analysis shows that the proposed methodology perform better as compared to the conventional methods.
From Argumentation to Proof in Geometry Within a Collaborative Computer-Based Environment
Authors: Dello Iacono Umberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article is part of a wider research project that has the educational goal of supporting students in the production of conjectures, arguments and proofs, as well as promoting a move from the production of arguments expressed in colloquial registers to arguments expressed in literate registers. In this regard, we Giovannina Albano, Umberto Dello Iacono and Maria Alessandra Mariotti designed and implemented a digital educational environment that allows students to formulate and prove conjectures; three different working areas are available where students can work on a geometrical open problem sometimes individually, sometimes in collaboration. In this article, I report on an empirical study aimed at investigating the functioning of one of these areas, the ‘Working with others’ area, where small groups of students are expected to discuss and formulate a shared solution to a problem. The research question concerns if and to what extent the communication tools, specifically designed to foster students’ collaboration, can promote the production of mathematically acceptable arguments. The qualitative data analysis shows that the ‘Working with others’ area seems to foster discussion within the group and can make students aware of their mistakes. Moreover, it can bring out some students’ misconceptions and can provide useful information upon which the teacher can trigger fruitful discussions. However, this working area does not appear to foster a significant improvement of the production of mathematically acceptable arguments, produced by students in a collaborative and sharing mode. The integration of specific components within this working area seems to be necessary to support the student in moving from argumentation to proof.
New Geographical Record of Three Cumacean Species Eudorella nana, Leucon affinis, Leucon siphonatus and One Rare Amphipod Presence Confirmation, Stenothoe bosphorana, in Adriatic Sea, Italy
Authors: Strafella P. , Salvalaggio V. , Cuicchi C. , Punzo E. , Santelli A. , Colombelli A. , Fabi G. , Spagnolo A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThree cumacean species, Eudorella nana Sars, 1879, Leucon affinis Fage, 1951, Leucon siphonatus Calman, 1905, were recorded for the first time and one rare amphipod presence, Stenothoe bosphorana Sowinsky, 1898, was confirmed in the Adriatic basin.
Fanconi anemia pathway and its relationship with cancer
Authors: Dan Chenchen , Pei Hongjing , Zhang Buzhe , Zheng Xuan , Ran Dongmei , Du Changzheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare inherited hematological disease, caused by mutations in genes involved in the DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair. Up to date, 22 genes have been identified that encode a series of functionally associated proteins that recognize ICL lesion and mediate the activation of the downstream DNA repair pathway including nucleotide excision repair, translesion synthesis, and homologous recombination. The FA pathway is strictly regulated by complex mechanisms such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and degradation signals that are essential for the maintenance of genome stability. Here, we summarize the discovery history and recent advances of the FA genes, and further discuss the role of FA pathway in carcinogenesis and cancer therapies.
How social innovations spread globally through the process of reverse innovation: a case-study from the South Korea
Authors: Cannavale Chiara , Claudio Lorenza , Simoni Michele 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNowadays, innovation is no longer a peculiarity of developed economies. Indeed, more frequently, it occurs that innovations born in the so called "emerging countries" spread in the advanced ones. This phenomenon is well known as Reverse innovation (RI), and within the global innovation literature about RI, some authors refer to these reversed innovations as developed in order to solve social or economic issues, specific of emerging contexts. However, scholars use to connect innovation with social goal as primary benefit to another phenomenon: i.e., Social innovation (SI). Within the Social innovation literature, there is a lack concerning how it should be undertaken to spread globally. Thus, we applied the Reverse innovation process to Social innovations: through a case-study analysis, we link the two phenomena which have never been explored together in previous studies. The paper aims at understanding how Social innovations spread from emerging to more advanced markets, while implementing this inversion of the flow. Further, we want to explore which is the potential that a Social innovation has in the host market: in other words, if SI could lose, hold, reduce, or increase their original social connotation.
Aerial Robotics: State-based Conflict Detection and Resolution (Detect and Avoid) in High Traffic Densities and Complexities
Authors: Hoekstra Jacco M. , Ellerbroek Joost 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
A lot of research into decentralised, state-based conflict detection and resolution, or detect and avoid algorithms has been executed. This paper explains the essential properties of state-based conflict detection and reviews the work in the context of applications for not only manned but also unmanned aerial vehicles, where this might be applied relatively soon.

Recent Findings
Lately, based on several reviews of a variety of published algorithms, a selection has been implemented and simulated in extremely high traffic densities for comparison.

Summary
The modified voltage potential has been surprisingly efficient, even compared with more complex algorithms or adaptations, as is apparent from looking at macroscopic metrics like domino effect, efficiency and safety. This indicates that to this date, it is so far the most suitable algorithm for the detect and avoid role for unmanned aerial vehicles in urban airspaces, or other areas where a high density is expected.
Socio-cognitive biases in folk AI ethics and risk discourse
Authors: Laakasuo Michael , Herzon Volo , Perander Silva , Drosinou Marianna , Sundvall Jukka , Palomäki Jussi , Visala Aku 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ongoing conversation on AI ethics and politics is in full swing and has spread to the general public. Rather than contributing by engaging with the issues and views discussed, we want to step back and comment on the widening conversation itself. We consider evolved human cognitive tendencies and biases, and how they frame and hinder the conversation on AI ethics. Primarily, we describe our innate human capacities known as folk theories and how we apply them to phenomena of different implicit categories. Through examples and empirical findings, we show that such tendencies specifically affect the key issues discussed in AI ethics. The central claim is that much of our mostly opaque intuitive thinking has not evolved to match the nature of AI, and this causes problems in democratizing AI ethics and politics. Developing awareness of how our intuitive thinking affects our more explicit views will add to the quality of the conversation.
Delayed Ejaculation Due to Improper Male Condom Size: A Case Report
Authors: Wainipitapong Sorawit , Wiwattarangkul Teeravut , Bumphenkiatikul Thanapob 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Delayed ejaculation (DE) is a poorly understood and uncommon male sexual dysfunction. The etiology of DE includes psychological and biological factors, which are usually combined. Herein, we report a case of acquired and situational DE due to improper male condom size.

Aims
To identify and correct the possible cause of acquired and situational DE.

Methods
A male patient presented with new-onset DE for 6 months. His physical and mental examination was unremarkable. Laboratory results were all normal. He was diagnosed with acquired, situational DE and received sessions of sexual counseling. However, his DE persisted until he accidentally used a larger condom. He then reported normal orgasm.

Main Outcome Measures
Resolution of acquired and situational DE.

Results
His DE was improved after using a more proper condom size.

Conclusion
Most patients are believed to have psychological problems and proper condom use is under-recognized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of DE caused by this etiology.
Detecting the Ionospheric Disturbances in Japan Using the Three‐Dimensional Computerized Tomography
Authors: Song Rui , Hattori Katsumi , Zhang Xuemin , Liu Jann‐Yenq , Yoshino Chie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, a three‐dimensional (3‐D) ionospheric tomography was developed in Japan using the constraint least‐square fitting algorithm, a model‐free method. Moreover, to make enough room for electron density (Ne) variations in the horizontal direction, only constraints on height were adopted. Slant total electron content data sets detected by 800 Global Positioning System (GPS) ground‐based receivers in 25°–50°N, 125°–150°E were selected. The spatial resolution was 1°, 1°, and 30 km in latitude, longitude, and altitude, respectively. The reconstructed performances concerning the quiet ionosphere, large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances on July 27, 2004, and nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances on June 23, 2012, were verified successively. By comparing with Ne distributions from the International Reference Ionosphere model and GPS‐TEC mapping, the reconstructed results in both horizontal and vertical directions show good performance in imaging the ionospheric background and disturbed characteristics. The finding strongly indicates that retrieving Ne distributions by the improved constraint least‐square algorithm is promising for ionospheric studies and practical applications.
High Potential of Asian Dust to Act as Ice Nucleating Particles in Mixed‐Phase Clouds Simulated With a Global Aerosol‐Climate Model
Authors: Kawai Kei , Matsui Hitoshi , Tobo Yutaka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMineral dust affects the microphysical and radiative properties of mixed‐phase clouds and hence the radiative balance of the Earth by acting as ice nucleating particles (INPs). However, the importance of Asian dust as INPs is not well understood. In this study, we examined the contribution of Asian dust to global dust INPs and its effect on cloud radiative forcing (CRF) using a global aerosol‐climate model with an ice nucleation parameterization that links INP number concentrations to ambient temperature and dust number concentrations. Our model well reproduces INP number concentrations measured over the Tokyo Metropolitan area in Japan during May 2017, when Asian dust was transported to Japan. Our simulation for the years 2013–2017 shows that Asian dust extends from its source regions (e.g., the Gobi and Taklimakan Deserts) to the North Pacific, North America, and the Arctic. Notably, Asian dust is transported to higher altitudes (i.e., to temperature regimes relevant for the formation of mixed‐phase clouds) more efficiently than dust from other regions. The annual‐mean simulated contribution of Asian dust to global dust INPs is 15%, which is 4.4 times higher than its contribution to global atmospheric dust loading (3.4%). These characteristics of Asian dust show its high potential to act as INPs in mixed‐phase clouds. Sensitivity simulations show that Asian dust INPs have a positive net CRF of 0.054–0.19 W m−2 in East Asia and the North Pacific during 2013–2017 (cf. 0.092–1.0 W m−2 for dust from other regions).
Quantifying the Stable Water Isotopologue Exchange Between the Snow Surface and Lower Atmosphere by Direct Flux Measurements
Authors: Wahl S. , Steen‐Larsen H. C. , Reuder J. , Hörhold M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSurface processes in high latitudes play an important role in global climate and thus understanding the physics of these systems is critical for improving climate projections. The characterization of the stable water isotopologue flux between the surface and the atmosphere offers the potential to constrain parameterizations of these physical surface exchange processes in numerical models. In addition, observations of isotopologue surface fluxes allow the evaluation of surface fluxes as a process influencing the formation of the climate signal retrieved from ice core isotopologue records. Here, we present a record of stable water isotopologue surface fluxes measured in‐situ in the accumulation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet at the East Greenland Ice Core Project site. We measured isotopologue fluxes above the snow surface directly by combining high‐frequency eddy covariance measurements with low‐frequency isotopologue measurements from a cavity ring‐down spectrometer (CRDS). We developed a method to correct for the high‐frequency loss of the CRDS by combining humidity measurements from both the CRDS and eddy covariance instruments. Using this approach our measurements provide the first direct observations of water isotopologue fluxes in polar areas. We observed a clear diurnal cycle in the fluxes of the different water isotopologues. The isotopic composition of the sublimation and deposition flux showed to be dependent on the snow and vapor isotopic composition, respectively. To a first order, the isotopic composition of the sublimation flux could be derived assuming equilibrium fractionation during sublimation.
Evaluation of CarbonTracker's Inverse Estimates of North American Net Ecosystem Exchange of CO2 From Different Observing Systems Using ACT‐America Airborne Observations
Authors: Cui Yu Yan , Jacobson Andrew R. , Feng Sha , Wesloh Daniel , Barkley Zachary R. , Zhang Li , Gerken Tobias , Keller Klaus , Baker David , Davis Kenneth J 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQuantification of regional terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes is critical to our understanding of the carbon cycle. We evaluate inverse estimates of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 fluxes in temperate North America, and their sensitivity to the observational data used to drive the inversions. Specifically, we consider the state‐of‐the‐science CarbonTracker global inversion system, which assimilates (a) in situ measurements (IS), (b) the Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2) v9 column CO2 (XCO2) retrievals over land (LNLG), (c) OCO‐2 v9 XCO2 retrievals ocean‐glint (OG), and (d) a combination of all these observational constraints (LNLGOGIS). We use independent CO2 observations from the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport (ACT)—America aircraft mission to evaluate the inversions. We diagnose errors in the flux estimates using the differences between modeled and observed biogenic CO2 mole fractions, influence functions from a Lagrangian transport model, Bayesian inference, and root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) and bias metrics. The IS fluxes have the smallest RMSE among the four products, followed by LNLG. Both IS and LNLG outperform the OG and LNLGOGIS inversions with regard to RMSE. Regional errors do not differ markedly across the four sets of posterior fluxes. The CarbonTracker inversions appear to overestimate the seasonal cycle of NEE in the Midwest and Western Canada, and overestimate dormant season NEE across the Central and Eastern US. The CarbonTracker inversions may overestimate annual NEE in the Central and Eastern US. The success of the LNLG inversion with respect to independent observations bodes well for satellite‐based inversions in regions with more limited in situ observing networks.
Evaluating Freshwater Mussel Shell δ13C Values as a Proxy for Dissolved Inorganic Carbon δ13C Values in a Temperate River
Authors: Graniero L. E. , Gillikin D. P. , Surge D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe stable isotope ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in rivers reflects the dominant vegetation type in the surrounding watershed, rates of chemical weathering, atmospheric CO2 fluxes, and the relative rates of photosynthesis and respiration. Reconstructing past δ13CDIC values may reveal changes in these characteristics before watersheds experience land‐use change and/or climate change. This study uses freshwater mussels, Elliptio complanata, and coeval environmental data to assess how high‐resolution changes in the oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of shell carbonate (δ18Oshell and δ13Cshell, respectively) can be used as proxies of paleotemperature and paleo‐DIC in rivers. To test our hypotheses, we analyzed time‐series δ18Oshell and δ13Cshell values, δ13C values in bivalve tissues, and environmental data collected fortnightly from the Neuse River, North Carolina. Shell microsamples milled every 150 μm along the maximum growth axis represent an average of 12 ± 5 days (n = 524; excluding periods of growth cessation of >30 days), which is similar to the environmental data resolution (∼14 days). Serially sampled δ18Oshell and δ13Cshell values did not capture the full range of environmental conditions due to growth cessation during winter shutdown and extreme weather events. Low water temperature and elevated turbidity appear to be significant drivers of growth cessation. Spatial and temporal differences in the amount of metabolic carbon incorporated in the shell (∼0%–44%) likely occur due to variable mussel metabolic rates within and among study sites. Though high‐resolution δ13Cshell values did not reflect variations in δ13CDIC values, average δ13Cshell values were indicative of average δ13CDIC values in the Neuse River.
Intense Zonal Wind in the Martian Mesosphere During the 2018 Planet‐Encircling Dust Event Observed by Ground‐Based Infrared Heterodyne Spectroscopy
Authors: Miyamoto Akiho , Nakagawa Hiromu , Kuroda Takeshi , Takami Kosuke , Murata Isao , Medvedev Alexander S. , Yoshida Nao , Aoki Shohei , Sagawa Hideo , Kasaba Yasumasa , Terada Naoki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report on the direct measurements of zonal winds around 80 km altitude during the 2018 planet‐encircling dust event (PEDE) by infrared (IR) heterodyne spectroscopy. The observed Doppler shifts assume intense retrograde (easterly) winds (208 ± 17 m s−1, 159 ± 20 m s−1, 211 ± 20 m s−1on June 21, June 27, August 31, 2018, respectively) in the equatorial region during the 2018 PEDE. This is significantly stronger than those during non‐storm conditions reported by the previous study (Sonnabend et al., 2012,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.11.009). The substantial retrograde wind during the PEDE is qualitatively consistent with the predictions by the Mars general circulation models (MGCMs), however, the observed wind on 31, August, are of a larger magnitude. We evaluated the mechanism of acceleration using the output from a high‐resolution MGCM. We find out that the stronger winds are related to strengthening the meridional circulation across the equator and forcing by gravity waves.
How Do Weakening of the Stratospheric Polar Vortex in the Southern Hemisphere Affect Regional Antarctic Sea Ice Extent?
Authors: Wang Shaoyin , Liu Jiping , Cheng Xiao , Kerzenmacher Tobias , Hu Yongyun , Hui Fengming , Braesicke Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the Southern Hemisphere, variability of the stratospheric polar vortex is an important driver of surface climate. In this study, we explore the influence of weakening and strengthening of the polar vortex on regional Antarctic sea ice in observations and model simulations. We propose a two‐stage mechanism that translates stratospheric harbingers to sea ice changes: (a) it starts with polar vortex variability that is highly correlated with the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL); through modulation of the ASL and thus surface winds, (b) weak polar vortex leads to statistically significant decrease of sea ice over the Ross Sea and increase of sea ice around the Antarctic Peninsula, and vice versa. The two‐stage mechanism can be detected in observations and state‐of‐the‐art model simulations, confirming a robust chain of response. This study underlines the importance of stratosphere‐troposphere coupling on the Antarctic sea ice variability and its seasonal predictability.