bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Steroid-induced Ocular Hypertension in a 6-year-old Boy
Authors: Tasaki Anne 
Published: August 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Systemic corticosteroid use in children is rare because of known risks of adverse effects. The increased prevalence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 may change this. It is critical for eye care providers to be aware of potential severe and rapid ocular hypertensive response to prevent irreversible vision loss.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to report the importance of early monitoring of intraocular eye pressure in pediatric patients on systemic steroid medication.

CASE REPORT
A 6-year-old White boy presented with a complaint of headache for 2 weeks. He was on his 19th day of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia with oral dexamethasone and chemotherapy. IOP at presentation was 65 mmHg in both eyes measured with iCare tonometry. Treatment with maximum topical glaucoma therapy reduced IOP to normal levels and eliminated the symptom of headache.

CONCLUSIONS
This case reminds eye care providers to be aware of the potential ocular hypertensive response to systemic steroid treatment and the importance of establishing early monitoring. With the emergence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the current COVID-19 pandemic, eye care providers may encounter more pediatric patients on systemic corticosteroid treatment than previously and should adjust their examinations appropriately.
Case Report: Use of Multimodal Imaging to Document a Rare Complication of Torpedo Maculopathy
Authors: Byer Megan , Rousso Leticia , Rodman Julie , Shechtman Diana 
Published: August 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
This study demonstrates the importance of routine multimodal imaging for the diagnosis of choroidal neovascular membrane secondary to torpedo maculopathy.

CASE REPORT
A 63-year-old woman with a history of torpedo maculopathy presented with recent-onset symptoms of visual distortion in the right eye. Multimodal imaging modalities revealed the presence of a choroidal neovascular membrane. The choroidal neovascular membrane was treated, and the patient was subsequently followed up to monitor the retinal appearance over time. Significant structural restoration of the macular anatomy with overall functional improvement was seen.

CONCLUSIONS
Although torpedo maculopathy is often a benign diagnosis, complications such as choroidal neovascular membrane can occur. Choroidal neovascular membrane formation is well documented in younger patients with torpedo maculopathy; however, we present a rare case of choroidal neovascular membrane in an elderly individual. Multimodal imaging proved instrumental in the early detection and management of this infrequently reported complication.
Forensic Neuropathologic Phenotypes of Fungal Central Nervous System Infections
Authors: Wu Gary , Liu Ying , Bulakhtina Elena , Hammers Jennifer L. , Linde Erin M. , Omalu Bennet I. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fungal infections of the central nervous system (FI-CNS) are life-threatening infections that most commonly affect immunocompromised individuals, but immunocompetent individuals may also be infected. Although FI-CNS are relatively rare, the prevalence of FI-CNS is on the rise because of the increasing number of transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus–infected individuals, and use of immunosuppressive therapies. Most cases of FI-CNS originate from outside the central nervous system. The etiologic fungi can be classified into 3 fungal groups: molds, dimorphic fungi, and yeasts. The clinical presentation of FI-CNS is highly variable and may be difficult to diagnose premortem. We present a case series of 3 patients, each infected by 1 representative species from each of the 3 fungal groups (Aspergillus species, Blastomyces species, Candida species) to illustrate different neuropathologic phenotypes of FI-CNS. All 3 patients had no history of immunodeficiency and were not suspected to have FI-CNS until they were diagnosed at autopsy. Fungal infections of the central nervous system are often fatal due to delayed diagnosis and diagnostic testing. Awareness of such poly-phenotypic manifestations of FI-CNS will be helpful in reducing delayed diagnosis. It is important for clinicians to include FI-CNS on the differential diagnosis when radiographic findings are nonspecific.
Changing Patterns of Lymphoma in the Antiretroviral Therapy Era in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Wiggill Tracey , Mayne Elizabeth , Perner Yvonne , Vaughan Jenifer 
Published: August 2021

Background:South Africa has a high HIV prevalence, which associates with an increased risk of lymphoma. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) became accessible in 2004, but the program has substantially expanded. Changes in lymphoma patterns are documented in high-income countries after wide-scale ART including declining high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (HG B-NHLs), particularly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and increased Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). There are limited data from Africa. This study aimed to compare HG B-NHL characteristics in the early (2007) and later (2017) ART era.Methods:All incident lymphomas at the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, were identified using the laboratory information system, and data were collected for each patient.Results:The total number of lymphoma cases increased from 397 (2007) to 582 (2017). This was associated with improved lymphoma classification and patient referral for oncological care. HG B-NHL remained the most diagnosed lymphoma subtype in 2017 comprising 70% of HIV-associated lymphomas, followed by HL (24%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma comprised 65% of all HG B-NHLs and 45% of all lymphomas in people with HIV in 2017. Significantly more patients were on ART in 2017, with improvements in virological control documented. Despite this, 47.6% of patients were not virologically suppressed, and 37.5% of patients were ART-naive at time of diagnosis in 2017. Immunological reconstitution was suboptimal, which may reflect late initiation of ART.Conclusion:Public health initiatives to initiate ART as early as possible and to retain patients in ART programs may assist in decreasing the number of HIV-associated lymphomas in our setting.
Patients’ Experiences With HIV-positive to HIV-positive Organ Transplantation
Authors: Van Pilsum Rasmussen Sarah E. , Seaman Shanti , Johnson Morgan A. , Vanterpool Karen , Brown Diane M. , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Pruett Timothy , Kirchner Varvara , Fletcher Faith E. , Smith Burke , Trinh Sonya , Segev Dorry L. , Durand Christine M. , Sugarman Jeremy 
Published: August 2021

Background.
HIV+ donor (HIV D+) to HIV+ recipient (HIV R+) transplantation involves ethical considerations related to safety, consent, stigma, and privacy, which could be better understood through studying patients’ actual experiences.

Methods.
We interviewed kidney and liver transplant recipients enrolled in clinical trials evaluating HIV D+/R+ transplantation at 4 centers regarding their decision-making process, the informed consent process, and posttransplant experiences. Participants were interviewed at-transplant (≤3 wk after transplant), posttransplant (≥3 mo after transplant), or both time points. Interviews were analyzed thematically using constant comparison of inductive and deductive coding.

Results.
We conducted 35 interviews with 22 recipients (15 at-transplant; 20 posttransplant; 13 both time points; 85% participation). Participants accepted HIV D+ organs because of perceived benefits and situational factors that increased their confidence in the trials and outweighed perceived clinical and social risks. Participants reported positive experiences with the consent process and the trial. Some described HIV-related stigma and emphasized the need for privacy; others believed HIV D+/R+ transplantation could help combat such stigma. There were some indications of possible therapeutic misestimation (overestimation of benefits or underestimation of risks of a study). Some participants believed that HIV+ transplant candidates were unable to receive HIV-noninfected donor organs.

Conclusions.
Despite overall positive experiences, some ethical concerns remain that should be mitigated going forward. For instance, based on our findings, targeted education for HIV+ transplant candidates regarding available treatment options and for transplant teams regarding privacy and stigma concerns would be beneficial.
Inequality in access to dental services in a market-based dental care system. A population study from Norway 1975-2018
Authors: Jiang Nan , Grytten Jostein , Kinge Jonas Minet 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine income-related inequalities in access to dental services from 1975 to 2018. In Norway, dental care services for adults are privately financed. This might lead to income-related inequalities in access to dental services. However, over the last decades Norwegians have experienced a rapid growth in income, including people with lower income. This may have led to improved access to dental services for these people. Therefore, inequalities in access to dental services may have become less over the last decades.Research designThis was a prospective study. Statistics Norway collected samples of cross-sectional health survey data for the following years: 1975, 1985, 1995, 2002, 2008, 2012 and 2018. For each sample, individuals 20 years and older were drawn randomly from the non-institutionalized adult population using a two-stage stratified cluster sample technique. Inequalities were measured using the concentration index. The dependent variable was use of dental services during the last year and the key independent variable was equalized household income.ResultsThe concentration index for inequalities in use of dental services according to income decreased from 0.10 (95% confidence interval = 0.09, 0.11) in 1975 to 0.04 (95% confidence interval = 0.03, 0.05) in 2018. The decrease was particularly large from 2002 to 2012. This was a period with a large growth in gross national income.ConclusionPeople with a low income had a marked increase in their purchasing power from 1975 to 2018. This coincided with an increase in demand for dental care for this low-income group.
Temporal Geospatial Analysis of COVID-19 Pre-infection Determinants of Risk in South Carolina
Authors: Lyu Tianchu , Hair Nicole , Yell Nicholas , Li Zhenlong , Qiao Shan , Liang Chen , Li Xiaoming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionDisparities and their geospatial patterns exist in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) morbidity and mortality for people who are engaged with clinical care. However, studies centered on viral infection cases are scarce. It remains unclear with respect to the disparity structure, its geospatial characteristics, and the pre-infection determinants of risk (PIDRs) for people with the infection. This work aimed to assess the geospatial associations between PIDRs and COVID-19 infection at the county level in South Carolina by different timepoints during the pandemic.MethodWe used global models including spatial error model (SEM), spatial lag model (SLM), and conditional autoregressive model (CAR), as well as geographically weighted regression model (GWR) as a local model to examine the associations between COVID-19 infection rate and PIDRs. The data were retrieved from multiple sources including USAFacts, US Census Bureau, and Population Estimates Program.ResultsThe percentage of males and the percentage of the unemployed population were statistically significant (p values < 0.05) with positive coefficients in the three global models (SEM, SLM, CAR) throughout the time. The percentage of white population and obesity rate showed divergent spatial correlations at different times of the pandemic. GWR models consistently have a better model fit than global models, suggesting non-stationary correlations between a region and its neighbors.ConclusionCharacterized by temporal-geospatial patterns, disparities and their PIDRs exist in COVID-19 incidence at the county level in South Carolina. The temporal-geospatial structure of disparities and their PIDRs found in COVID-19 incidence are different from mortality and morbidity for patients who are connected with clinical care. Our findings provided important evidence for prioritizing different populations and developing tailored interventions at different times of the pandemic. These findings provided implications on containing early viral transmission and mitigating consequences of infectious disease outbreaks for possible future pandemics.
COVID-19 impact on stroke admissions during France’s first epidemic peak: an exhaustive, nationwide, observational study
Authors: Risser Clémence , Ba Loc Pierre Tran , Binder-Foucard Florence , Fabacher Thibaut , Lefevre Hassina , Sauvage Claire , Sauleau Erik-André , Wolff Valérie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to have great impacts on the care of non-COVID-19 patients. This was especially true during the first epidemic peak in France, which coincided with the national lockdown (17 March 2020 to 10 May 2020). Patients with serious and urgent disease like stroke may have experienced a degradation of care, or may have been hesitant to seek healthcare during this period. The aim of this study was to identify, on a national level, whether a decrease in stroke admissions occurred in spring 2020, by analyzing the evolution of all stroke admissions in France from January 2019 to June 2020.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide cohort study using the French national database of hospital admissions (PMSI) to extract exhaustive data on all hospitalizations in France with at least one stroke diagnosis between 1 January 2019 and 30 June 2020. The primary endpoint was the difference in the slope gradients of stroke hospitalizations between pre-epidemic, epidemic peak and post-epidemic periods. Modeling was carried out using Bayesian techniques.ResultsStroke hospitalizations dropped from 10 March 2020 (slope gradient: -11.70), and began to rise again from 22 March (slope gradient: 2.090) to 7 May. In total, there were 23 873 stroke admissions during the period March-April 2020, compared to 29 263 at the same period in 2019, representing a decrease of 18.42%. The percentage change was -15.63%, - 25.19%, -18.62% for ischemic strokes, transient ischemic attacks, and hemorrhagic strokes, respectively. In spatial models of French departments, the incidence of COVID-19 explained the ratio of stroke hospitalizations.ConclusionsStroke hospitalizations in France experienced a decline during the first lockdown period, which cannot be explained by a sudden change in stroke incidence. This decline is therefore likely to be a direct, or indirect, result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mapping genetic determinants of 184 circulating proteins in 26,494 individuals to connect proteins and diseases
Authors: Macdonald-Dunlop Erin , Klarić Lucija , Folkersen Lasse , Timmers Paul R.H.J. , Gustafsson Stefan , Zhao Jing Hua , Eriksson Niclas , Richmond Anne , Enroth Stefan , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Zhernakova Daria V. , Kalnapenkis Anette , Magnusson Martin , Wheeler Eleanor , Hwang Shih-Jen , Chen Yan , Morris Andrew P , Prins Bram , Võsa Urmo , Wareham Nicholas J. , Danesh John , Sundstrom Johan , Gigante Bruna , Baldassarre Damiano , Strawbridge Rona J. , Campbell Harry , Gyllensten Ulf , Yao Chen , Zanetti Daniela , Assimes Themistocles L. , Eriksson Per , Levy Daniel , Langenberg Claudia , Smith J. Gustav , Esko Tõnu , Fu Jingyuan , Hansson Oskar , Johansson Åsa , Hayward Caroline , Wallentin Lars , Siegbahn Agneta , Lind Lars , Butterworth Adam S. , Michaëlsson Karl , Peters James E. , Mälarstig Anders , Joshi Peter K. , Wilson James F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe performed the largest genome-wide meta-analysis (GWAMA) (Max N=26,494) of the levels of 184 cardiovascular-related plasma protein levels to date and reported 592 independent loci (pQTL) associated with the level of at least one protein (1308 significant associations, median 6 per protein). We estimated that only between 8-37% of testable pQTL overlap with established expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) using multiple methods, while 132 out of 1064 lead variants show evidence for transcription factor binding, and found that 75% of our pQTL are known DNA methylation QTL. We highlight the variation in genetic architecture between proteins and that proteins share genetic architecture with cardiometabolic complex traits. Usingcis-instrument Mendelian randomisation (MR), we infer causal relationships for 11 proteins, recapitulating the previously reported relationship between PCSK9 and LDL cholesterol, replicating previous pQTL MR findings and discovering 16 causal relationships between protein levels and disease. Our MR results highlight IL2-RA as a candidate for drug repurposing for Crohn’s Disease as well as 2 novel therapeutic targets: IL-27 (Crohn’s disease) and TNFRSF14 (Inflammatory bowel disease, Multiple sclerosis and Ulcerative colitis). We have demonstrated the discoveries possible using our pQTL and highlight the potential of this work as a resource for genetic epidemiology.
Effects of repeated vaccination and vaccine formulation on the induction of broadly neutralizing antibody responses against influenza A virus in children
Authors: Yegorov Sergey , Celeste Daniel B. , Gomes Kimberly Braz , Ang Jann C. , Vandenhof Colin , Wang Joanne , Rybkina Ksenia , Tsui Vanessa , Loeb Mark , Miller Matthew S. 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYThe induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that target the hemagglutinin stalk domain is a promising strategy for the development of “universal” influenza virus vaccines. bNAbs can be boosted in adults by sequential exposure to heterosubtypic viruses through natural infection or vaccination. However, little is known about if/how bNAbs are induced by vaccination in more immunologically naive children. Here, we describe the impact of repeated seasonal influenza vaccination and vaccine type on induction of bNAbs in a well-characterized paediatric cohort enrolled in a series of randomized control trials of seasonal influenza vaccination. Repeated seasonal vaccination resulted in significant boosting of a durable bNAb response. Boosting of serological bNAbs titers was comparable within inactivated and live attenuated (LAIV) vaccinees and declined with age. These data provide new insights into vaccine-elicited bNAb induction in children, which has important implications for the design of “universal” influenza vaccine modalities in this critical population.
Challenges in Tracking the Risk of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Evaluation of A Novel Method
Authors: Hoque Md. Enamul , Islam Md. Shariful , Sharma Arnab Sen , Islam Rashedul , Amin Mohammad Ruhul 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIdentifying actual risk zones in a country where the overall test positive rate (TPR) is higher than 5% is crucial to contain the pandemic. However, TPR-based risk zoning methods are debatable since they do not consider the rate of infection in an area and thus, it has been observed to overestimate the risk. Similarly, the rate of infection in an area has been noticed to underestimate the risk of COVID-19 spreading for the zones with higher TPR. In this article, we discuss the shortcomings of currently available risk zoning methods that are followed in the lower-middle-income countries (LMIC), especially in Bangladesh. We then propose to determine a risk zone by combining the rate of infection with TPR and effective reproduction number, Rt in a distinct manner from existing methods. We evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method with respect to the mass-movement events and show its application to track the evolution of COVID-19 pandemic by identifying the risk zones over time. Demo website for the visualization of the analysis can be found at: http://erdos.dsm.fordham.edu:3000CCS CONCEPTSApplied computing → Health informatics.ACM Reference FormatMd. Enamul Hoque, Md. Shariful Islam, Arnab Sen Sharma, Rashedul Islam, and Mohammad Ruhul Amin. 2021. Challenges in Tracking the Risk of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Evaluation of A Novel Method. In Proceedings of August 15 (KDD Workshop on Data-driven Humanitarian Mapping, 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 7 pages.
Transcriptome-wide association study in UK Biobank Europeans identifies associations with blood cell traits
Authors: Rowland Bryce , Venkatesh Sanan , Tardaguila Manuel , Wen Jia , Rosen Jonathan D , Tapia Amanda L , Sun Quan , Graff Mariaelisa , Vuckovic Dragana , Lettre Guillaume , Sankaran Vijay G. , Reiner Alexander P. , Soranzo Nicole , Huffman Jennifer E. , Voloudakis Georgios , Roussos Panos , Raffield Laura , Li Yun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of hematological traits have identified over 10,000 distinct trait-specific risk loci, but the underlying causal mechanisms at these loci remain incompletely characterized. We performed a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of 29 hematological traits in 399,835 UK Biobank (UKB) participants of European ancestry using gene expression prediction models trained from whole blood RNA-seq data in 922 individuals. We discovered 557 TWAS signals associated with hematological traits distinct from previously discovered GWAS variants, including 10 completely novel gene-trait pairs corresponding to 9 unique genes. Among the 557 associations, 301 were available for replication in a cohort of 141,286 participants of European ancestry from the Million Veteran Program (MVP). Of these 301 associations, 199 replicated at a nominal threshold (α = 0.05) and 108 replicated at a strict Bonferroni adjusted threshold (α = 0.05/301). Using our TWAS results, we systematically assigned 4,261 out of 16,900 previously identified hematological trait GWAS variants to putative target genes. Compared to coloc, our TWAS results show reduced specificity and increased sensitivity to assign variants to target genes.