bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving Next-Generation Sequencing into the Clinic
Authors: Shetty Omshree , Gurav Mamta , Bapat Prachi , Karnik Nupur , Wagh Gauri , Pai Trupti , Epari Sridhar , Desai Sangeeta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith an advancement in the field of molecular diagnostics, there has been a profound evolution in the testing modalities, especially in the field of oncology. In the past decade, sequencing technology has evolved drastically with the advent of high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS). Subsequently, the single-gene tests have been replaced by multigene panel-based assays, deep sequencing, massively parallel whole genome, whole-exome sequencing, and so on. NGS has provided molecular diagnostics professionals a wonderful tool to explore and unearth the genetic alterations, underpinning the pathophysiology of the disease. However, this development has posed new challenges which consist of the following; understanding the technology, types of platforms available, various sequencing strategies, bioinformatics and data analysis algorithm, reporting of various variants, and validation of assays and overall for developing NGS assay for clinical utility. The challenges involved sometimes impede development of these high-end assays in laboratories. The present article provides a broad overview of our journey in setting up the NGS assay in a molecular pathology laboratory at a tertiary care oncology center. We hereby describe various important points and steps to be followed while working on the NGS setup, right from its inception to final drafting of the reports, with inclusion of various validation steps. We aim at providing a beginner’s guide to set up NGS assays in the laboratory using recommended best practices and various international guidelines.
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome: Viral Infection Coexisting with COVID-19
Authors: Mehta Madhuri , Jain Akanksha , Mehta Navroz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 presents with a multitude of different symptoms and signs, most described is respiratory compromise. Many viral and bacterial infections coexist with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many cranial neuropathies have also been reported, including facial nerve palsy and sudden sensorineural hearing loss individually. Ramsay Hunt Syndrome, which is conventionally described as acute peripheral facial neuropathy, associated with erythematous vesicular rash of pinna or external auditory canal can at times present with cochlear or vestibular symptoms along with it. We report the case of a 32-year-old male who presented with Ramsay Hunt syndrome with cochlear manifestation during his COVID-19 illness. Evaluation of the patient and further management have been described.
Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Grade II, Atypical Meningioma of the Skull Base
Authors: Bray David P. , Buster Bryan E. , Quillin Joseph W. , Press Robert H. , Eaton Bree R. , Olson Jeffrey J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Atypical meningiomas (AM) are meningiomas that are more aggressive than their grade-I counterparts and have a higher rate of recurrence. The effect of adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) on AM of the skull base is not defined.
Methods A retrospective review of all AM's of the skull base primarily resected at our institution from 1996 to 2018 was completed. ART was defined as radiotherapy (RT) that occurred within 6 months of initial resection, regardless of Simpson's grade. Minimum time length of follow-up after resection was 2 years. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS.
Results There were a total of 59 skull base–located (SBL) AMs resected at our institution from 1996 to 2018. The average age of our cohort was 53.2 years. Gross total resection, defined as Simpson's grades I to III resection, was achieved in 36 (61%) of cases. Thirty-five of 59 (59%) patients received ART. Recurrence was observed in 14 patients (24%), and mean time to recurrence was 63.8 months. Patients who received ART had a lower observed rate of recurrence (8 vs. 46%); however, time to recurrence was not significantly different between the two populations.
Conclusion We observe that AM in the skull base location have higher recurrence rates than we would expect from grade-I meningioma. These data suggest that ART may offer benefit to the overall observed frequency of recurrence of SBL AM; however, the time to recurrence between patients who received ART and those who did not was not statistically significant in survival analysis.
Critique de Gravet & Lievois (2021): Vous avez dit littérature belge francophone ? Le défi de la traduction
Authors: Hayette Manon 
Published: September 2021

Résumé
Dès son indépendance en 1830, la Belgique a œuvré pour se créer une identité culturelle à travers l’élaboration
d’une littérature nationale. Cependant, la littérature belge francophone est souvent marginalisée et reste méconnue de son propre
public, si bien que la « belgitude » de ses auteurs – pour reprendre le terme de Klinkenberg – se voit effacée, au profit d’une
identité pseudofrançaise. En outre, cette littérature s’avère mal diffusée à l’international, car peu traduite. Il est donc
indispensable d’encourager la recherche en traductologie à ce sujet, ce qu’opère précisément le livre collectif commenté ici, qui
dérive du colloque « La traduction de la littérature francophone » organisé à l’Université de Mons en décembre 2018. Après une
introduction générale des éditrices Catherine Gravet et Katrien Lievois (p. 7–23), l’ouvrage se divise en quatre parties,
intitulées respectivement « Traduction et création », « Travail et Archives de traducteurs », « Traduction et réfraction » et
« Inventaires ».
Morality
Authors: Harris James A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
‘Morality’ considers Hume’s moral thought as developed in Book Three of A Treatise of Human Nature, various of his essays, and, especially, An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals. Hume engages with the moral sense theory of Francis Hutcheson in the Treatise. He then turned to essay writing, in relation especially to the essays of Joseph Addison in The Spectator. This turn to essay writing sees Hume modify the purely ‘anatomical’ philosophy of the Treatise in favour of a more practical engagement with the morality of common life. In his work, Hume considered the damage done to natural moral sentiments by religion, and by Christianity in particular. Hume displayed a lack of confidence in moral progress, and showed a sense of the persistence and pervasiveness of human unhappiness. Hume also made an important contribution to aesthetics.
Morphological and environmental differentiation as prezygotic reproductive barriers between parapatric and allopatric Campanula rotundifolia agg. cytotypes
Authors: Šemberová Kristýna , Svitok Marek , Marhold Karol , Suda Jan , Schmickl Roswitha E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Reproductive isolation and local establishment are necessary for plant speciation. Polyploidy, the possession of more than two complete chromosome sets, creates a strong postzygotic reproductive barrier between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes. However, this barrier weakens between polyploids (e.g. tetraploids and hexaploids). Reproductive isolation may be enhanced by cytotype morphological and environmental differentiation. Moreover, morphological adaptations to local conditions contribute to plant establishment. However, the relative contributions of ploidy level and the environment to morphology have generally been neglected. Thus, the extent of morphological variation driven by ploidy level and the environment was modelled for diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes of Campanula rotundifolia agg. Cytotype distribution was updated, and morphological and environmental differentiation was tested in the presence and absence of natural contact zones.

Methods
Cytotype distribution was assessed from 231 localities in Central Europe, including 48 localities with known chromosome counts, using flow cytometry. Differentiation in environmental niche and morphology was tested for cytotype pairs using discriminant analyses. A structural equation model was used to explore the synergies between cytotype, environment and morphology.

Key Results
Tremendous discrepancies were revealed between the reported and detected cytotype distribution. Neither mixed-ploidy populations nor interploidy hybrids were detected in the contact zones. Diploids had the broadest environmental niche, while hexaploids had the smallest and specialized niche. Hexaploids and spatially isolated cytotype pairs differed morphologically, including allopatric tetraploids. While leaf and shoot morphology were influenced by environmental conditions and polyploidy, flower morphology depended exclusively on the cytotype.

Conclusions
Reproductive isolation mechanisms vary between cytotypes. While diploids and polyploids are isolated postzygotically, the environmental niche shift is essential between higher polyploids. The impact of polyploidy and the environment on plant morphology implies the adaptive potential of polyploids, while the exclusive relationship between flower morphology and cytotype highlights the role of polyploidy in reproductive isolation.
Changes in floral shape: insights into the evolution of wildNicotiana(Solanaceae)
Authors: Teixeira Marcelo C , Quintana Isadora V , Segatto Ana Lúcia A , Maestri Renan , Freitas Loreta B , Augsten Mariana , Stehmann João R , Turchetto Caroline 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFloral shape and size play a role in plant diversification and reproductive isolation. Different floral forms can rise by selective pressures by pollinators/ecological constraints and/or genetic drift. Nicotiana (Solanaceae) has c. 82 currently recognized species grouped in 13 sections. Nicotiana forgetiana and N. alata belong to section Alatae and present different floral traits related to their primary pollinators. These species co-occur in a region of plant endemism in southern Brazil marked by a mosaic between open grasslands and Araucaria forest. Here, we conducted a population-level sampling across the range of N. forgetiana and combined geometric morphometric analyses and ecological niche modelling to shed light on the patterns underlying intraspecific floral shape variation. Corolla shape and size varied significantly across the geographical distribution of N. forgetiana and ‘rastroensis’, a putative new species. These floral shape differences were related to variations in temperature, precipitation and elevation. We also observed a range of intermediate floral traits in two populations, and our results of geometric morphometric analyses reveal morphological overlap between N. alata and N. forgetiana. Moreover, we found that habitat suitability for both species was impacted by past climatic oscillations, with severe reduction for N. forgetiana during the Last Glacial Maximum. We discuss the results to shed light on the evolution of N. forgetiana.
Political Life of Treaties: Indeterminacy, Interpretation and Political Consequences
Authors: Orakhelashvili Alexander 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The argument that the operation of the international legal system depends on political factors is to many a truism requiring little clarification or verification. But what does the operation of the system of positive international law do to international political processes? Even if it is politics and not law which primarily guides activities and decisions of States, how far could sheer politics get States in achieving their political goals? This paper focuses on three episodes—two historical and one current—about the political life of treaties involving high political stakes, and shows that the viability of foreign policies of States may be more dependent on the ways in which the system of positive international law works than is that system dependent on political agenda pursued by any State or group of States.
Fractional Sailfish Optimizer with Deep Convolution Neural Network for Compressive Sensing Based Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction
Authors: Kumar Penta Anil , Gunasundari R , Aarthi R 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance image (MRI) is extensively adapted in clinical diagnosis due to its improved representation of changes with soft tissue. The current innovations in compressive sensing (CS) showed that it is viable to precisely reconstruct MRI with K-space data with reduced scanning duration and it takes more time for computation and it is complex to capture the fine details. The CS is capable to minimize the imaging time and it uses compressibility for reconstructing the images. In this paper, a novel deep-learning method is devised for reconstructing images using a set of MRI. Here, MRI acquisition and MRIsub sampling is performed for reducing the size of images to perform improved analysis. Here, a convolution layer is utilized for imitating the process of compressed sampling that can learn the sampling matrix to prevent complex designs. In addition, a convolution layer is utilized to execute the initial reconstruction. In addition, Deep Convolutional Neural Network (Deep CNN) is adapted for image reconstruction. The training of Deep CNN is performed using proposed Fractional Sailfish Optimizer (FSO) algorithm. The proposed FSO is designed by incorporating fractional concepts in Sail fish optimization for tuning the optimal weights of Deep CNN. The proposed FSO-based CSNet outperformed other methods with minimal MSE of 1.877 and maximal PSNR of 45.396 dB.
Classical Absences (1896–2017)
Authors: Jansen Laura 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
When we consider classical receptions in terms of presences, we often think of how antiquity materializes visibly and/or substantially in the fabric of our histories, whether as physical remains or concrete traditions. Yet the search for the classical as a solid, conspicuous phenomenon reveals only one side of the fascinating story of how we can conceive its status and circulation across space and time. This article investigates some key examples across the period 1896–2017, from Argentine author J. L. Borges to British poet-translator Josephine Balmer, which disclose the flip side of this story—that of antiquity’s existence on various levels of dispersal, silence, and occlusion at the intersections of poetry, mythopoeic biography, legend-making, and creative translation. It argues that, in their engagement with the Greco-Roman past, these examples both advance our understanding of absence as a critical idiom and question our sense of how antiquity makes its impact on our world as a ‘classical presence’.
Acute posteromedial papillary muscle rupture secondary to aortic valve endocarditis: a case report
Authors: Marumoto Akira , Shijo Takayuki , Okada Masako , Hasegawa Sinji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Acute papillary muscle (PM) rupture due to infective involvement has been recognized as a complication of infective endocarditis. However, there is very limited literature describing the rupture of the posteromedial PM in primary aortic valve endocarditis without aortic root abscess. This report highlights the aetiology of the PM rupture in the setting of primary aortic valve endocarditis and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.

Case summary
An 81-year-old man without any heart failure symptoms presented with fever and loss of vision in his left eye. Initial echocardiography revealed moderate aortic valve regurgitation due to a perforated right coronary cusp without aortic root abscess, and his blood cultures were positive for Group G Streptococci. During adequate antibiotic therapy, he developed acute severe mitral regurgitation secondary to posteromedial PM rupture. Following emergent aortic and mitral valve replacement using bioprosthetic valves, he made excellent progress on a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotics.

Discussion
The echocardiography and the histological findings suggested that the main cause of PM rupture was most likely a metastatic focus of infection from the aortic valve via a regurgitant jet. Successful treatment of this fatal complication includes early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention by a multidisciplinary approach.
Temporal fluctuations in zooplankton size, abundance, and taxonomic composition since 1995 in the North Western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Feuilloley Guillaume , Fromentin Jean-Marc , Saraux Claire , Irisson Jean-Olivier , Jalabert Laetitia , Stemmann Lars 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the Gulf of Lions, small pelagic fish have shown reduced body size and body condition after 2007 that would result from changes in zooplankton community. We therefore examined zooplankton density, body size, and taxonomic composition at the closest long-term monitoring station (1995–2019): the coastal Point-B. To cover a broader spectrum of zooplankton community, samples obtained from two nets, the WP2 (200 µm mesh size) and the Regent (690 µm), were analysed with the imaging Zooscan method. One important result was the high stability through time of the zooplankton community. No long-term monotonous trends in density, size, and taxonomic composition were detected. Interannual variations in zooplankton size and density were not significantly correlated to any environmental variable, suggesting the possible importance of biotic interactions. Still, an increase in temperature was followed by a sharp decrease of zooplankton density in 2015, after which only gelatinous groups recovered. No change in the zooplankton community was detected around 2007 to support bottom-up control on small pelagic fish. Whether this derives from different local processes between the Gulf of Lions and the Ligurian Sea cannot be excluded, highlighting the need for simultaneous monitoring of different ecosystem compartments to fully understand the impact of climate change.
The mechanical responses in monopole acoustic LWD and their relation with the output voltage waveform
Authors: Zhang Chao , Chen Da , Hu Hengshan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Acoustic logging while drilling (LWD), characterised by simultaneous drilling and logging, is widely used to obtain the elastic parameters of the formation around the borehole. Most published monopole acoustic LWD simulation waveforms are routinely presented as pressure. However, these pressure waveforms disagree with the voltage waveforms recorded in the experiments. Here, to find out the reason of the inconsistent of these two waveforms, both the piezoelectric effect of the transducer and the propagation of the acoustic wave are integrally calculated with the finite-element method, obtaining the voltage waveform as well as the mechanical waveforms. The quantitative comparisons between the mechanical waveforms and the voltage waveform show that the output voltage cannot represent the pressure signal, but a combination of multiple mechanical signals. Based on the piezoelectric equation and the structure of the piezoelectric transducer used in this paper, we formulate the output voltage in terms of the four mechanical quantities, i.e. the radial strain and axial stress of the transducer as well as the acoustic pressure and the radial displacement of the borehole fluid. Furthermore, the contributions of these four mechanical quantities to different wave groups are explored. Finally, the waveforms comparisons after drill collar grooving reveal that the displacement waveform before and after grooving should also be displayed when evaluating the grooving effect instead of only the pressure waveform as in previous studies.
CLRM-06. COMPARISON OF INDIVIDUALIZED ANTI-CANCER THERAPY REGIMENS RECOMMENDED BY A MULTIDISCIPLINARY MOLECULARLY-DRIVEN TUMOR BOARD IN A PEDIATRIC DIPG CLINICAL TRIAL (PNOC003) VERSUS THOSE SELECTED BY THE CNS-TAP TOOL
Authors: Roberts Holly , Ravi Karthik , Schepers Allison , Marini Bernard , Kline Cassie , Mueller Sabine , Koschmann Carl , Franson Andrea 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Genetic sequencing of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) has revealed genomic heterogeneity, fueling an interest in individualized targeted therapies. A feasibility study, PNOC003: Molecular Profiling for Individualized Treatment Plan for DIPG (NCT02274987), was completed within the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium in which a multidisciplinary tumor board reviewed molecular and genomic profiling of each participant’s tumor to make targeted therapy recommendations. Separately, our team developed the Central Nervous System Targeted Agent Prediction (CNS-TAP) tool, which combines pre-clinical, clinical, and CNS penetration data with patient-specific genomic information to derive numeric scores for anticancer agents to objectively evaluate these therapies for use in patients with CNS tumors. We hypothesized that agents highly-scored by CNS-TAP would overlap with agents recommended by the PNOC003 tumor board. For each study participant, we retrospectively utilized the genomic profiling report to identify actionable alterations and incorporated these data into CNS-TAP to find the highest-scoring agents. We compared these CNS-TAP-recommended agents with recommendations from the tumor board for each of the 28 PNOC003 participants. Overall, 93% of patients (26/28) had at least one agent recommended by both the tumor board and CNS-TAP. Additionally, 38% of all agents (36/95) chosen by the tumor board were also selected by CNS-TAP. When only molecularly targeted anticancer agents were included in a sub-analysis, 60% of agents (34/57) were recommended by both methods. At present, we are prospectively evaluating the CNS-TAP tool within PNOC008: A Pilot Trial Testing the Clinical Benefit of Using Molecular Profiling to Determine an Individualized Treatment Plan in Children and Young Adults with High-Grade Glioma (NCT03739372). The CNS-TAP tool recommendations are shared during the PNOC008 molecular tumor board meetings once a consensus treatment recommendation has been reached. Subsequent analyses will focus on any adjustments in therapy decisions within the tumor board that result from the CNS-TAP tool output.