bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal Cycle of Tropical Oceanic Mesoscale Cold Pools
Authors: Garg Piyush , Nesbitt Stephen W. , Lang Timothy J. , Priftis George 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTropical convection regimes range from deep organized to shallow convective systems. Mesoscale processes such as cold pools within tropical convective systems can play a significant role in the evolution of convection over land and open ocean. Although cold pools are widely observed, their diurnal properties are not well understood over tropical oceans and land. The oceanic cold pool identification metric applied herein uses the gradient feature (GF) technique and is compared with diurnally-resolved buoy-identified thermal cold pools. This study provides a first-ever diurnal climatology of GF number, area, and attributed TRMM 3B42 precipitation using a space-borne scatterometer (RapidScat). Buoy data over the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean have been used to validate and examine the RapidScat-identified diurnal cycle of GF number and precipitation. Buoy-observed cold pool duration, precipitation, temperature, and wind speed is analyzed to understand thein situcold pool properties over tropical oceans. GF- and buoy-observed cold pool number and precipitation exhibits a similar bimodal diurnal variability with a morning and afternoon maxima, thus establishing confidence in using GF as a proxy to observe cold pools over tropical oceans. The morning peak is attributed to cold pools associated with deep moist convection while the afternoon peak is related to shallower clouds in relatively drier environments resulting in smaller cold pools over global tropical oceans.
Convective Cloud Clusters and Squall Lines along the Coastal Amazon
Authors: Sousa A. C. , Candido L. A. , Satyamurty P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMesoscale convective cloud clusters develop and organize in the form of squall lines along the coastal Amazon in the afternoon hours and propagate inland during the evening hours. The frequency, location, organization into lines, and movement of the convective systems are determined by analyzing the “precipitation features” obtained from the TRMM satellite for the period 1998–2014. The convective clusters and their alignments into Amazon coastal squall lines are more frequent from December to July, and they mostly stay within 170 km of the coastline. Their development and movement in the afternoon and evening hours of about 14 m s−1are helped by the sea breeze. Negative phase of Atlantic dipole and La Niña combined increase the frequency of convective clusters over the coastal Amazon. Composite environmental conditions of 13 large Amazon coastal squall-line cases in April show that conditional instability increases from 0900 to 1200 LT and the wind profiles show a jet-like structure at low levels of the atmosphere. The differences in the vertical profiles of temperature and humidity between the large-squall-line composites and no-squall-line composites are weak. However, appreciable increase in the mean value of CAPE from 0900 to 1500 LT is found in the large-squall-line composite. The mean mixing ratio of the mixed layer at 0900 LT in La Niña situations is significantly larger in the large-squall-line composite. Thus, CAPE and mixed-layer mixing ratio are considered to be promising indicators of the convective activity over the coastal belt of the Amazon basin.
Midwifery students' experiences of support for ethical competence
Authors: Honkavuo Leena 
Published: August 2021

Background: Midwifery students are confronted with several ethical dilemmas and challenging situations during clinical midwifery care practice. Since ethical competence of midwifery students is under development, it is important to support the students’ learning progress of ethical issues from diverse viewpoints. Objective: From the perspective of didactics of caring science and the context of midwifery students, to explore how midwifery students’ experience supports for ethical competence in midwifery education and investigate how ethically challenging situations have been carried out during clinical midwifery care practice. Design: Qualitative, explorative and descriptive design with inductive nature. Methods: Focus group interviews with nine Swedish midwifery students. Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics was applied to guide the interpretation. Ethical considerations: Ethical principles and scientific guidelines were followed. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Confidentiality was respected and quotations anonymised. Results: Receiving support when ethically challenging situations occur in clinical midwifery practice is important and necessary. One main theme, such as support is a human and caring factor in the midwifery students’ Bildung process on ethical competence, and four subthemes, such as supporting through trust and responsibility; supporting through dignity and respect; supporting through truthfulness and justice; and supporting through dialogue and reflection, were created from the hermeneutical interpretation. Discussion: Teaching ethics should be carefully planned, consistent and continue throughout the midwifery education. There is dispersion in the pedagogy of ethical situations, the methods and perceptions associated with it, and in obtaining possible support for students. Developing well-experienced methods could benefit the support of midwifery students’ ethical competence when they experience ethically challenging situations in midwifery care practice.
Prognostic impact of CEBPA bZIP domain mutation in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wakita Satoshi , Sakaguchi Masahiro , Oh Iekuni , Kako Shinichi , Toya Takashi , Najima Yuho , Doki Noriko , Kanda Junya , Kuroda Junya , Mori Shinichiro , Satake Atsushi , Usuki Kensuke , Ueki Toshimitsu , Uoshima Nobuhiko , Kobayashi Yutaka , Kawata Eri , Tajika Kenji , Nagao Yuhei , Shono Katsuhiro , Shibusawa Motoharu , Tadokoro Jiro , Kayamori Kensuke , Hagihara Masao , Uchiyama Hitoji , Uchida Naoyuki , Kubota Yasushi , Kimura Shinya , Nagoshi Hisao , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Kurosawa Saiko , Motomura Sayuri , Hashimoto Akiko , Muto Hideharu , Sato Eriko , Ogata Masao , Mitsuhashi Kenjiro , Ando Jun , Marumo Atsushi , Omori Ikuko , Fujiwara Yusuke , Terada Kazuki , Yui Shunsuke , Arai Kunihito , Kitano Tomoaki , Miyata Miho , Kurosawa Akiyo , Mizoguchi Ayumi , Komatsu Norio , Fukuda Takahiro , Ohashi Kazuteru , Kanda Yoshinobu , Inokuchi Koiti , Yamaguchi Hiroki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mutations of CCAAT/enhancer–binding protein alpha (CEBPAmu) are found in 10% to 15% of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. Double-mutated CEBPA (CEBPAdm) is associated with a favorable prognosis; however, single-mutated CEBPA (CEBPAsm) does not seem to improve prognosis. We investigated CEBPAmu for prognosis in 1028 patients with AML, registered in the Multi-center Collaborative Program for Gene Sequencing of Japanese AML. It was found that CEBPAmu in the basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP) was strongly associated with a favorable prognosis, but CEBPAmu out of the bZIP domain was not. The presence of CEBPAmu in bZIP was a strong indicator of a higher chance of achieving complete remission (P &lt; .001), better overall survival (OS; P &lt; .001) and a lower risk of relapse (P &lt; .001). The prognostic significance of CEBPAmu in bZIP was also observed in the subgroup with CEBPAsm (all patients: OS, P = .008; the cumulative incidence of relapse, P = .063; patients aged ≤70 years and with intermediate-risk karyotype: OS, P = .008; cumulative incidence of relapse, P = .026). Multivariate analysis of 744 patients aged ≤70 years showed that CEBPAmu in bZIP was the most potent predictor of OS (hazard ratio, 0.3287; P &lt; .001). CEBPAdm was validated as a cofounding factor, which was overlapping with CEBPAmu in bZIP. In summary, these findings indicate that CEBPAmu in bZIP is a potent marker for AML prognosis. It holds potential in the refinement of treatment stratification and the development of targeted therapeutic approaches in CEBPA-mutated AML.
Evaluation of the Genmark ePlex® and QIAstat-Dx® respiratory pathogen panels in detecting bacterial targets in lower respiratory tract specimens
Authors: van Asten Suzanne A. V. , Boers Stefan A. , de Groot Jolanda D. F. , Schuurman R. , Claas Eric C. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe ePlex® and QIAstat-Dx® respiratory pathogen panels detect multiple respiratory pathogens, mainly viruses but alsoLegionella pneumophila,Mycoplasma pneumoniaeandBordetella pertussis. The assays have been marketed for use in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. For diagnosing bacterial pneumonia, lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimens are indicated. Aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of these syndromic panels for these three bacterial targets in samples from the LRT. Fifty-six specimens were collected from our repositories, five negative samples and fifty-one samples which had been previously tested positive with the routine diagnostic real-time PCR assays forLegionellaspp. (N = 20),Bordetellaspp. (N = 16) orM. pneumoniae(N = 15).ResultsThe QIAstat-Dx Respiratory Panel V2 (RP) assay detected all of theL. pneumophilaandB. pertussispositive samples but only 11/15 (73.3 %) of theM. pneumoniaetargets. The ePlex Respiratory Pathogen Panel (RPP) assay detected 10/14 (71.4 %) of theL. pneumophilatargets, 8/12 (66.7 %) of theB. pertussispositive samples and 13/15 (86.7 %) of theM. pneumoniaetargets.ConclusionsNo false-positive results were reported for all three bacterial pathogens by both assays. The clinical performance of both assays depended highly on the bacterial load in the sample and the type of specimen under investigation.
Outcomes of women with congenital heart disease admitted to acute-care hospitals for delivery in Japan: a retrospective cohort study using nationwide Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database
Authors: Nitta Manabu , Shimizu Sayuri , Kaneko Makoto , Fushimi Kiyohide , Ueda Shinichiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The number of women with congenital heart disease (CHD) who are of childbearing age is increasing due to advancements in medical management. Nonetheless, data on the outcomes of delivery in women with CHD remain limited. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide database of deliveries by women with CHD.

Methods
Deliveries by women with CHD discharged from acute-care hospitals between April 2017 and March 2018 were identified based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database which covers almost all acute-care hospitals in Japan. By using this database, we tried to include relatively high-risk deliveries by women with CHD. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the underlying disease complexity: simple, moderate, and great complexity. The clinical characteristics and incidence of peripartum cardiovascular events were compared among the three groups.

Results
A total of 249 deliveries from 107 hospitals were included. The largest facility had 29 deliveries per year. Given the uncertainty of underlying cardiac anomalies, 48 women were excluded, and the remaining 201 women (median age, 32 years) were analyzed. In-hospital maternal death, use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, intra-aortic balloon pump, pacemaker, and direct current cardioversion were not observed. Nine patients (4.5%) required intravenous diuretic administration. However, the difference in the frequency of diuretic use was not significant among the three groups (simple, 1.9%; moderate, 7.2%; great, 6.9%; P = 0.204). One participant required valve replacement surgery at 22 days after a successful cesarean section. As the disease complexity increased, deliveries occurred more frequently at university hospitals (simple, 41.7%; moderate, 52.2%; great, 72.4%; P = 0.013) and the length of hospitalization was significantly longer, with median durations of 9.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 7.0–11.0) days, 10.0 (IQR 8.0–24.0) days, and 11.0 (IQR 8.0–36.0) days in the simple, moderate, and great complexity groups, respectively (P = 0.002).

Conclusions
Appropriate patient selection and management by specialized tertiary institutions may contribute to positive outcomes in pregnancies in women with CHD.
Cardiology providers’ recommendations for treatments and use of patient decision aids for multivessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Nichols Elizabeth L. , Elwyn Glyn , DiScipio Anthony , Sidhu Mandeep S. , O’Malley A. James , Matlock Daniel D. , Alam Shama , Ross Cathy S. , Coylewright Megan , Malenka David J. , Brown Jeremiah R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Rates of recommending percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) vary across clinicians. Whether clinicians agree on preferred treatment options for multivessel coronary artery disease patients has not been well studied.

Methods and results
We distributed a survey to 104 clinicians from the Northern New England Cardiovascular Study Group through email and at a regional meeting with 88 (84.6%) responses. The survey described three clinical vignettes of multivessel coronary artery disease patients. For each patient vignette participants selected appropriate treatment options and whether they would use a patient decision aid. The likelihood of choosing PCI only or PCI/CABG over CABG only was modeled using a multinomial regression. Across all vignettes, participants selected CABG only as an appropriate treatment option 24.2% of the time, PCI only 25.4% of the time, and both CABG or PCI as appropriate treatment options 50.4% of the time. Surgeons were less likely to choose PCI over CABG (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03, 0.59) or both treatments over CABG only (RR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03, 0.34) relative to cardiologists. Overall, 65% of participants responded they would use a patient decision aid with each vignette.

Conclusions
There is a lack of consensus on the appropriate treatment options across cardiologists and surgeons for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. Treatment choice is influenced by both patient characteristics and clinician specialty.
Nerve root herniation with entrapment in the facet joint gap after lumbar decompression surgery: a case presentation
Authors: Popadic Branko , Scheichel Florian , Themesl Melanie , Decristoforo Ingo , Sherif Camillo , Marhold Franz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
An incidental dural tear is a well-known complication during spine surgery. A rare consequence is a postoperative nerve root herniation. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of such a herniation with entrapment in the facet gap joint and to present the first MR images of this rare surgical complication.

Case presentation
We report a case of a patient who underwent lumbar decompression surgery and afterwards suffered a sudden intractable sciatica. Postoperative MRI showed a new facet joint gap effusion. During revision surgery an entrapped nerve root was found in the facet joint gap. In retrospective, the herniated nerve root is visible on postoperative MRI.

Conclusion
This case report highlights a rare complication during spine surgery. This finding is important as signs suggestive for nerve root herniation can easily be overlooked on MRI. Furthermore, this represents the first MRI documentation of this complication.
The compensatory mechanisms for global sagittal balance in degenerative spinal kyphosis patients: a radiological analysis of muscle-skeletal associations
Authors: Xia Weiwei , Wang Weiyan , Zhu Zhenqi , Liu Chenjun , Xu Shuai , Meng Fanqi , Liu Haiying , Wang Kaifeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The position of the head relative to the spine can be used to evaluate the true global balance in patients with degenerative spinal kyphosis (DSK). However, it is still not clear how the position of the head is related to the spinal-pelvic parameters and lumbar muscles, which are most commonly considered.

Methods
Sixty-seven patients with DSK admitted in the hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had whole spine X-ray and lumbar MRI. The head position parameters include: the angles of both lines joining the center of acoustic meati (CAM) to the center of the bi-coxofemoral axis (BA) (CAM-BA) and the most superior point of dentiform apophyse of C2 odontoid (OD) to BA (OD-BA) with the vertical line; the distance between the vertical line passing CAM and the posterior upper edge of the S1 (CAM-SVA). The spinal parameters include: C7 sagittal vertical axis (C7-SVA), thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), and lumbar lordosis (LL). The pelvic parameters include: pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT) and sacral slope (SS). The relative cross-sectional area (RCSA) of bilateral multifidus, erector spinae and psoas muscle at L3/4 and L4/5 segments were measured. The correlations between head position parameters and the spinal-pelvic parameters and RCSA of lumbar muscles were analyzed, respectively.

Results
Significant positive correlations were found between each two of CAM-SVA, C7-SVA, CAM-BA and OD-BA (p < 0.001). SS was found to be significantly positively correlated with CAM-BA (r = 0.377, p = 0.034) and OD-BA (r = 0.402, p = 0.023). CAM-BA was found to be significantly negatively correlated with TK (r = − 0.367, p = 0.039). Significant positive correlations were found between RCSA of multifidus at L3/4 level and CAM-SVA (r = 0.413, p = 0.021), CAM-BA (r = 0.412, p = 0.019) and OD-BA (r = 0.366, p = 0.04).

Conclusions
Our study showed that the head position relative to the spine were significantly correlated to some spinal-pelvic parameters, and the lower lumbar multifidus muscle. The compensatory mechanisms of the global sagittal balance status should also involve the head position area.
COVID-19 and the impact of cash transfers on health care use in Togo
Authors: Tossou Yaovi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Cash transfer program during pandemics provide a social protection mechanism to improve the health of the most vulnerable households. This article analysis the impact of cash transfers on household demand for health care during Covid-19.

Methods
Using data from the survey conducted from 8th to 17th July 2020 covering all 44 districts in the 6 health regions of Togo under the direction of the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), we used propensity score matching and the ESR model. These models allow us to analysis the impact of cash transfers on health care use during Covid-19.

Results
Analysis of the results shows a positive impact of cash transfers on the use of health care services in Togo for beneficiary households. In addition, the health insurance promotes the use of health care among households’ socio-economic factors.

Conclusion
This cash transfer program is an effective approach to improving access to health care services for the most vulnerable households, particularly in the most disadvantaged settings. Thus, policy makers need to extend these cash transfers to a large part of the population during this Covid-19 health crisis as it has a positive impact on the demand for health care.
The role of the odorant receptors in the formation of the sensory map
Authors: Francia Simona , Lodovichi Claudia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the olfactory system, odorant receptors (ORs) expressed at the cell membrane of olfactory sensory neurons detect odorants and direct sensory axons toward precise target locations in the brain, reflected in the presence of olfactory sensory maps. This dual role of ORs is corroborated by their subcellular expression both in cilia, where they bind odorants, and at axon terminals, a location suitable for axon guidance cues. Here, we provide an overview and discuss previous work on the role of ORs in establishing the topographic organization of the olfactory system and recent findings on the mechanisms of activation and function of axonal ORs.
Pre-existing health conditions and severe COVID-19 outcomes: an umbrella review approach and meta-analysis of global evidence
Authors: Treskova-Schwarzbach Marina , Haas Laura , Reda Sarah , Pilic Antonia , Borodova Anna , Karimi Kasra , Koch Judith , Nygren Teresa , Scholz Stefan , Schönfeld Viktoria , Vygen-Bonnet Sabine , Wichmann Ole , Harder Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
This study applies an umbrella review approach to summarise the global evidence on the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with pre-existing health conditions.

Methods
Systematic reviews (SRs) were identified in PubMed, Embase/Medline and seven pre-print servers until December 11, 2020. Due to the absence of age-adjusted risk effects stratified by geographical regions, a re-analysis of the evidence was conducted. Primary studies were extracted from SRs and evaluated for inclusion in the re-analysis. Studies were included if they reported risk estimates (odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), relative risk (RR)) for hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, intubation or death. Estimated associations were extracted from the primary studies for reported pre-existing conditions. Meta-analyses were performed stratified for each outcome by regions of the World Health Organization. The evidence certainty was assessed using GRADE. Registration number CRD42020215846.

Results
In total, 160 primary studies from 120 SRs contributed 464 estimates for 42 pre-existing conditions. Most studies were conducted in North America, European, and Western Pacific regions. Evidence from Africa, South/Latin America, and the Eastern Mediterranean region was scarce. No evidence was available from the South-East Asia region. Diabetes (HR range 1.2–2.0 (CI range 1.1–2.8)), obesity (OR range 1.5–1.75 (CI range 1.1–2.3)), heart failure (HR range 1.3–3.3 (CI range 0.9–8.2)), COPD (HR range 1.12–2.2 (CI range 1.1–3.2)) and dementia (HR range 1.4–7.7 (CI range 1.2–39.6)) were associated with fatal COVID-19 in different regions, although the estimates varied. Evidence from Europe and North America showed that liver cirrhosis (OR range 3.2–5.9 (CI range 0.9–27.7)) and active cancer (OR range 1.6–4.7 (CI range 0.5–14.9)) were also associated with increased risk of death. Association between HIV and undesirable COVID-19 outcomes showed regional heterogeneity, with an increased risk of death in Africa (HR 1.7 (CI 1.3–2.2)). GRADE certainty was moderate to high for most associations.

Conclusion
Risk of undesirable COVID-19 health outcomes is consistently increased in certain patient subgroups across geographical regions, showing high variability in others. The results can be used to inform COVID-19 vaccine prioritisation or other intervention strategies.