bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Analysis of MBL1 Gene SNPs, Genotype and Haplotypes with Clinical Mastitis in Murrah Buffaloes
Authors: Shergojry Shahid Ahmad , Verma Archana , Gupta I. D. , Mir Nazir Ahmad 
Published: August 2021

Mannose-binding lectins (MBL1) gene a most important constituent of immune response system of an organism, the primary role of this gene in the classical and lectin-activation pathways is to provide protection against various dieases or bacterial pathogens. In this study, eight novel SNPs identified in the promoter region of MBL1 gene were 154C>T, 235G>A, 252A>T, 265C>A, 268T>C, 282G>A, 431G>A and 551C>G, when compared to reference sequence of Bubalus bubalis (NCBI accession number KC415281). Genomic DNA isolated from 200 lactating Murrah buffaloes was amplified for the targeted sequence of MBL1. PCR products were custom sequenced, edited and used for further analysis. The results indicated that only 551C>G polymorphism locus met Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (c2 (2df) = 4.4: P=0.11). Pair linkage disequilibrium analysis and haplotype construction of MBL1 gene were performed using SHEsis software. Pair linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed moderate to strong linkage disequilibrium between the eight SNPs loci A total of 17 haplotypes were generated from eight SNPs in promoter region of MBL1 gene. Association between eight SNPs of MBL1 gene in Murrah buffalo has been analyzed and relative risks of the alleles for clinical mastitis were estimated with an odds ratio. Allelic association analysis showed that T allele of 154C>T, A allele of 235G>A, A allele of 252A>T, A allele of 265C>A , T allele of 268T>C, A allele of 282G>A , A allele of 431G>A and G allele of 551C>G had significant association with increased risk of clinical mastitis (P< 0.01). Haplotype analysis showed that Hap15 (CAAATAAG) and Hap16 (TAAATAAG) i.e. the haplotypes containing all 8 “at-risk” alleles, were significantly associated with clinical mastitis (P< 0.01). Hap6 (CGAATAAC) and Hap8 (CGTCCGGC) were significantly associated with a lower risk of clinical mastitis in Murrah buffaloes (P< 0.01).On the other hand, the Hap6 (CGAATAAC) and Hap8 (CGTCCGGC) which are unrepresented in affected group and without “at-risk” alleles were significantly associated with a lower risk for clinical mastitis (P<0.01).These findings indicated a MBL1 gene polymorphism could be used as genetic marker for mastitis resistance in Murrah buffaloes.
The Transcription Factor SUB1 Is a Master Regulator of the Macrophage TLR Response in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Huang Rongzhong , Hu Zicheng , Chen Xiaorui , Cao Yu , Li Hongrong , Zhang Hong , Li Yongyong , Liang Liwen , Feng Yuxing , Wang Ying , Su Wenhua , Kong Zerui , Melgiri ND , Jiang Lihong , Li Xingsheng , Du Jianlin , Chen Yunqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractToll‐like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2, TLR4) signaling is implicated in atherosclerotic plaque formation. The two‐stage master regulator Virtual Inference of Protein‐activity by Enriched Regulon (VIPER) analysis of macrophage TLR2 and TLR4 signature genes integrated with coexpression network genes derived from 371 patient‐derived carotid specimens identifies activated RNA polymerase II transcriptional coactivator p15 (SUB1/Sub1, PC4) as a master regulon in the atherogenic TLR response. It is found that TLR2 and TLR4 signaling is proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic in chow‐fed apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Through transgenic myeloid‐specific Sub1 knockout in ApoE−/− mice, it is discovered that these proatherosclerotic effects of TLR2 and TLR4 signaling are mediated by Sub1. Sub1 knockout in macrophages enhances anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization and cholesterol efflux. Irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor‐deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice transplanted with Sub1−/− murine bone marrow display reduced atherosclerosis. Promoter analysis reveals Sub1‐dependent activation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (Irf1) transcription in a casein kinase 2 (Ck2)‐dependent manner, and Sub1‐knockout macrophages display decreased Irf1 expression. Artificial Irf1 overexpression in Sub1‐knockout macrophages enhances proinflammatory M1 skewing and lowers cholesterol clearance. In conclusion, the TLR master regulon Sub1, and its downstream effect on the transcription factor Irf1, promotes a proinflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype and enhances atherosclerotic burden in vivo.
Chromatin Remodeling of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis is Mediated by an HGF‐PU.1‐DPP4 Axis
Authors: Wang Lihua , Wang Ergang , Prado Balcazar Jorge , Wu Zhenzhen , Xiang Kun , Wang Yi , Huang Qiang , Negrete Marcos , Chen Kai‐Yuan , Li Wei , Fu Yujie , Dohlman Anders , Mines Robert , Zhang Liwen , Kobayashi Yoshihiko , Chen Tianyi , Shi Guizhi , Shen John Paul , Kopetz Scott , Tata Purushothama Rao , Moreno Victor , Gersbach Charles , Crawford Gregory , Hsu David , Huang Emina , Bu Pengcheng , Shen Xiling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) metastasizes mainly to the liver, which accounts for the majority of CRC‐related deaths. Here it is shown that metastatic cells undergo specific chromatin remodeling in the liver. Hepatic growth factor (HGF) induces phosphorylation of PU.1, a pioneer factor, which in turn binds and opens chromatin regions of downstream effector genes. PU.1 increases histone acetylation at the DPP4 locus. Precise epigenetic silencing by CRISPR/dCas9KRAB or CRISPR/dCas9HDAC revealed that individual PU.1‐remodeled regulatory elements collectively modulate DPP4 expression and liver metastasis growth. Genetic silencing or pharmacological inhibition of each factor along this chromatin remodeling axis strongly suppressed liver metastasis. Therefore, microenvironment‐induced epimutation is an important mechanism for metastatic tumor cells to grow in their new niche. This study presents a potential strategy to target chromatin remodeling in metastatic cancer and the promise of repurposing drugs to treat metastasis.
Naïve orangutans (Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus) individually acquire nut‐cracking using hammer tools
Authors: Bandini Elisa , Grossmann Johannes , Funk Martina , Albiach‐Serrano Anna , Tennie Claudio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNut‐cracking with hammer tools (henceforth: nut‐cracking) has been argued to be one of the most complex tool‐use behaviors observed in nonhuman animals. So far, only chimpanzees, capuchins, and macaques have been observed using tools to crack nuts in the wild (Boesch and Boesch, 1990; Gumert et al., 2009; Mannu and Ottoni, 2009). However, the learning mechanisms behind this behavior, and the extent of nut‐cracking in other primate species are still unknown. The aim of this study was two‐fold. First, we investigated whether another great ape species would develop nut‐cracking when provided with all the tools and appropriate conditions to do so. Second, we examined the mechanisms behind the emergence of nut‐cracking by testing a naïve sample. Orangutans (Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus) have the second most extensive tool‐use repertoire among the great apes (after chimpanzees) and show flexible problem‐solving capacities. Orangutans have not been observed cracking nuts in the wild, however, perhaps because their arboreal habits provide limited opportunities for nut‐cracking. Therefore, orangutans are a valid candidate species for the investigation of the development of this behavior. Four nut‐cracking‐naïve orangutans at Leipzig zoo (P. abelii; Mage = 16; age range = 10–19; 4F; at the time of testing) were provided with nuts and hammers but were not demonstrated the nut‐cracking behavioral form. Additionally, we report data from a previously unpublished study by one of the authors (Martina Funk) with eight orangutans housed at Zürich zoo (six P. abelii and two P. pygmaeus; Mage = 14; age range = 2–30; 5F; at the time of testing) that followed a similar testing paradigm. Out of the twelve orangutans tested, at least four individuals, one from Leipzig (P. abelii) and three from Zürich (P. abelii and P. pygmaeus), spontaneously expressed nut‐cracking using wooden hammers. These results demonstrate that nut‐cracking can emerge in orangutans through individual learning and certain types of non‐copying social learning.
Saucer[n]arenes: Synthesis, Structure, Complexation, and Guest‐Induced Circularly Polarized Luminescence Property
Authors: Li Jing , Zhou He‐Ye , Han Ying , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMacrocycles denoted as saucer[n]arenes (n=4,5) were easily synthesized by the one‐pot condensation of 2,7‐dimethoxynaphthalene (2,7‐DMN) and paraformaldehyde in the presence of TFA or catalytic BF3⋅OEt2. With 1,1‐dimethylpiperidin‐1‐ium as the template, saucer[4]arene was selectively obtained. Crystal structures show that saucer[n]arenes are all composed of 2,7‐DMN moiety bridged by the methylene groups at 1,6‐positions: all of the 7‐methoxy groups lie on one face, and all of the 2‐methoxy groups lie on the other. Saucer[n]arenes exhibit strong fluorescence properties with the quantum yields of 19.6 % and 23.4 %. They form 1:1 complexes with ammonium salts in both solution and solid state (association constant up to 105 M−1 in CDCl3). Chiral quaternary ammonium salts can induce the chirality of the dynamically racemic inherently chiral saucer[n]arenes in solution, and thus show mirror‐imaged circular dichroism signals and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties.
Identification of RNA Base Pairs and Complete Assignment of Nucleobase Resonances by Proton‐Detected Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy at 100 kHz MAS
Authors: Aguion Philipp Innig , Kirkpatrick John , Carlomagno Teresa , Marchanka Alexander 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKnowledge of RNA structure, either in isolation or in complex, is fundamental to understand the mechanism of cellular processes. Solid‐state NMR (ssNMR) is applicable to high molecular‐weight complexes and does not require crystallization; thus, it is well‐suited to study RNA as part of large multicomponent assemblies. Recently, we solved the first structures of both RNA and an RNA‐protein complex by ssNMR using conventional 13C‐ and 15N‐detection. This approach is limited by the severe overlap of the RNA peaks together with the low sensitivity of multidimensional experiments. Here, we overcome the limitations in sensitivity and resolution by using 1H‐detection at fast MAS rates. We develop experiments that allow the identification of complete nucleobase spin‐systems together with their site‐specific base pair pattern using sub‐milligram quantities of one uniformly labelled RNA sample. These experiments provide rapid access to RNA secondary structure by ssNMR in protein‐RNA complexes of any size.
The Dimethylbismuth Cation: Entry Into Dative Bi−Bi Bonding and Unconventional Methyl Exchange
Authors: Ramler Jacqueline , Fantuzzi Felipe , Geist Felix , Hanft Anna , Braunschweig Holger , Engels Bernd , Lichtenberg Crispin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe isolation of simple, fundamentally important, and highly reactive organometallic compounds remains among the most challenging tasks in synthetic chemistry. The detailed characterization of such compounds is key to the discovery of novel bonding scenarios and reactivity. The dimethylbismuth cation, [BiMe2(SbF6)] (1), has been isolated and characterized. Its reaction with BiMe3 gives access to an unprecedented dative bond, a Bi→Bi donor–acceptor interaction. The exchange of methyl groups (arguably the simplest hydrocarbon moiety) between different metal atoms is among the most principal types of reactions in organometallic chemistry. The reaction of 1 with BiMe3 enables an SE2(back)‐type methyl exchange, which is, for the first time, investigated in detail for isolable, (pseudo‐)homoleptic main‐group compounds.
Preparation and evaluation of bioactive bilayer composite membrane PHB/β‐TCP with ciprofloxacin and vitamin D3 delivery for regenerative damaged tissue in periodontal disease
Authors: Tayebi Maryam , Parham Shokoh , Abbastabbar Ahangar Hossein , Zargar Kharazi Anousheh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeriodontal tissue engineering has made a tremendous change in the treatment of periodontal disease. In this study, electrophoresed poly‐hydroxy‐butyrate (PHB) scaffold, beta‐three calcium phosphate (β‐TCP) nano powder in 3, 5 and 7% wt, ciprofloxacin antibiotics, and vitamin D3 as the major materials along with electrospinning method are selected for remaking the scaffold. The fibers are smooth and beads‐free and have a good diameter (around 700 nm) and porosity (above 80%) indicates ideal conditions for the treatment of damaged tissue. The membrane with 5% ceramic has been selected as ideal membrane. The mention membrane has suitable mechanical properties. Studies have shown that adding ciprofloxacin to the membrane increases the rate of hydrophilicity. The addition of β‐TCP nano powder increased the bioactivity of this membrane. In terms of the drug release of ciprofloxacin and vitamin D3, 45% and 60% of drugs released within the first 24 h which in turn it shows the ability of the drugs controlled deliveration by the membrane. Accordingly, it could be concluded that this bilayer composite membrane with high bioactivity, high hydrophilicity, suitable mechanical properties, suitable morphology, and appropriate porosity has the ideal conditions for increased bone growth as well as proliferation and treatment the periodontal disease.
Feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth model for autism diagnostic evaluations in children, adolescents, and adults
Authors: Matthews Nicole L. , Skepnek Erica , Mammen Micah A. , James Jessica S. , Malligo Amanda , Lyon Audrey , Mitchell Melissa , Kiefer Sarah L. , Smith Christopher J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth diagnostic model deployed at an autism center in the southwestern United States to safely provide autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnostic evaluations to children, adolescents, and adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants included all clients for whom a telehealth diagnostic evaluation was scheduled at the diagnostic clinic (n = 121) over a 6‐month period. Of 121 scheduled clients, 102 (84%) completed the telehealth evaluation. A diagnostic determination was made for 91% of clients (93 out of 102) using only telehealth procedures. Nine participants (two females; ages 3 to 11 years) required an in‐person evaluation. Responses from psychologist and parent acceptability surveys indicated the model was acceptable for most clients. Psychologist ratings suggested that telehealth modalities used in the current study may be less acceptable for evaluating school‐aged children with subtle presentations compared to children in the early developmental period, adolescents, and adults. Parents of females reported higher acceptability than parents of males. Findings contribute to the small but growing literature on feasibility and acceptability of telehealth evaluations for ASD and have implications for improving access to care during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.Lay SummaryThis study described telehealth methods for evaluating children, adolescents, and adults for autism spectrum disorder. Telehealth methods were generally acceptable to psychologists conducting the evaluations and parents of diagnostic clients. Psychologists reported the methods to be less acceptable for school‐aged children and parents of males found the methods less acceptable than parents of females. The telehealth methods described may help to increase access to diagnostic professionals and reduce wait times for evaluations during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells affect urea synthesis and the cell apoptosis of human induced hepatocytes by secreting IL‐6 in a serum‐free co‐culture system
Authors: Gu Ce , Du Wenjing , Chai Miaomiao , Jin Ziyang , Zhou Yi , Guo Pan , Zhou Yan , Tan Wen‐Song 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBioartificial livers (BALs) are emerging as a potential supportive therapy for liver diseases. However, the maintenance of hepatocyte function and viability in vitro is a major challenge. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted extensive attention for providing trophic support to hepatocytes, but only few studies have explored the interaction between human MSCs and human hepatocytes, and very little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms whereby MSCs affect hepatocyte function, especially in serum‐free medium (SFM).Method and ResultsThis study aims to explore the effects of human umbilical cord‐derived MSCs (hUMSCs) on human‐induced hepatocytes (hiHeps) function and viability, and know about the underlying molecular mechanism of interaction in SFM. The liver‐specific function of hiHeps was evaluated by analysis of albumin secretion, urea synthesis, and metabolic enzyme activity. hiHeps apoptosis was mainly characterized by live/dead staining assay, JC‐1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell apoptosis detection. The expression of related genes and proteins were measured by qRT‐PCR and western blotting. The results indicate that co‐culture with hUMSCs improved hiHep urea synthesis and reduced cell apoptosis compared to monoculture in SFM, and this effect was found to be mediated by secreted interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Further, studies revealed that IL‐6 reduced hiHep apoptosis via the activation of the JAK‐Stat3‐Ref‐1 and JAK‐Stat3‐Bcl‐2/Bax‐Caspase3 pathways by binding to the IL‐6 receptor. IL‐6 also enhanced hiHep urea synthesis through the JAK‐Akt‐P53‐ARG1 pathway. Finally, hiHep‐specific functions were further prolonged and increased when co‐cultured with hUMSCs on 3D polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibrous scaffolds.ConclusionThe SFM co‐culture strategy showed major advantages in maintaining hiHep function and viability in vitro, which is of great significance for the clinical application of hiHeps in BALs.
Highly Conductive Tellurium and Telluride in Energy Storage
Authors: Han Manshu , Zhou Zhihao , Li Yu , Chen Qingguo , Chen Minghua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnhancing energy/power density of electrochemical energy storage devices is a hot topic in the present‐day science community. The electrochemical performance of these devices is strongly bound by the fundamental nature of the electrodes in terms of reaction mechanism, crystal structure, electrons/ions transfer kinetics and so on. These features are also the main challenge for the previously investigated electrodes (e. g. carbon, metal oxides/sulfides). Recently, tellurium and telluride‐based materials have aroused increasing interest in the energy storage field due to their high electronic conductivity, conducive crystal structure, and superior volumetric capacity. To provide a better understanding of the fundamental properties and energy storage performance of tellurium and telluride‐based materials, we first introduced the various physical‐chemical properties of telluride‐based materials. Then, we summarize the latest research advances in the field of energy storage with these materials, including essential physical‐chemical properties, synthetic methods, design strategies, and electrochemical performances. The future perspectives and challenges of tellurides aiming for practical application are discussed at last.
Supported Vanadium Oxide as a Photocatalyst in the Liquid Phase: Dissolution Studies and Selective Laser Excitation
Authors: Kortewille Bianca , Pfingsten Oliver , Bacher Gerd , Strunk Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSupported vanadium oxide species are tested for their capability to perform photocatalytic methyl orange degradation in the aqueous phase. Excitation is performed with a frequency‐tripled (λ=270 nm) or frequency‐doubled (λ=405 nm) Ti:sapphire laser in a newly designed 15 ml photoreactor. Photocatalytic activity in dye degradation is only observed at 270 nm excitation, indicating that larger vanadium oxide structures (V2O5 nanoparticles, decavanadates) are either not present in sufficient quantities, or not active in the reaction. Reference experiments exclude pure photodegradation of the dye. It is found that a major part of the supported vanadium oxide species becomes detached from the silica support, and a very small fraction detaches from alumina. Considerations of the aqueous phase chemistry of dissolved vanadate ions allow to identify the formed dissolved species to be predominantly H2VO4− ions. These doubly protonated monovanadates are the main active species in the photocatalytic reaction, together with small anchored species on alumina.
Reducing Antisolvent Use in the STRAP Process by Enabling a Temperature‐Controlled Polymer Dissolution and Precipitation for the Recycling of Multilayer Plastic Films
Authors: Sánchez‐Rivera Kevin L. , Zhou Panzheng , Kim Min Soo , González Chávez Leonardo D. , Grey Steve , Nelson Kevin , Wang Shao‐Chun , Hermans Ive , Zavala Victor M. , Van Lehn Reid C. , Huber G. W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe recently reported processing strategy called solvent‐targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP) enables deconstruction of multilayer plastic packaging films into their constituent resins by selective dissolution. It uses a series of solvent washes that are guided by thermodynamic calculations of polymer solubility. In this work, the use of antisolvents in the STRAP process was reduced and solvent mixtures were considered to enable the temperature‐controlled dissolution and precipitation of the target polymers in multilayer films. This was considered as a means to further improve the STRAP process and its estimated costs. Two STRAP approaches were compared based on different polymer precipitation techniques: precipitation by the addition of an antisolvent (STRAP‐A) and precipitation by decreasing the solvent temperature (STRAP‐B). Both approaches were able to separate the constituent polymers in a post‐industrial film composed primarily of polyethylene (PE), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with near 100 % material efficiency. Technoeconomic analysis indicates that the minimum selling price (MSP) of the recycled resins with STRAP‐B is 21.0 % lower than that achieved with STRAP‐A. This provides evidence that thermally driven polymer precipitation is an option to reduce the use of antisolvents, making the STRAP process more economically and environmentally attractive. A third process, STRAP‐C, was demonstrated with another post‐industrial multilayer film of a different composition. The results demonstrate that this process can also recover polymers at similar costs to those of virgin resins, indicating that the STRAP technology is flexible and can remain economically competitive as the plastic feed complexity is increased.
Detection of Treponema pallidum by immunocytochemistry of cervical smear: A case report
Authors: Noguchi Hiroshi , Tokumitsu Takako , Kuroki Eiteru , Minematsu Eiko , Asada Yujiro , Kuroda Sayaka , Ochiai Shoko , Kikuchi Masao , Fujimoto Shouichi , Onishi Junji , Kawagoe Yasuyuki , Sameshima Hiroshi , Katsuragi Shinji , Sato Yuichiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSyphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum). A cervical smear is useful when screening for sexually transmitted diseases; however, T. pallidum is not detected in the usual Papanicolaou smear. We report the detection of T. pallidum by immunocytological examination of a cervical smear. A 22‐year‐old woman presented with nephrotic syndrome. On admission, we performed screening tests for infections, and her serology was positive for syphilis. A Papanicolaou cervical smear (Thin‐Prep) showed slight nuclear enlargement, nuclear irregularity, and mild hyperchromasia in the superficial cells, but no organism was detected. T. pallidum was detected in the remaining specimen using immunocytochemistry. We also detected the T. pallidum DNA in a cervical biopsy specimen by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Our findings suggest that immunocytological examination and PCR assay examination are useful tests for syphilis diagnosis.