bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking ocular biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dave Nikhil , Lee Melissa , Pavlou Hania , Im Owen , Goh Kim , Ulin Sam , Malzbender Kristina , Shobin Eli , Sukumar Aishwarya 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that ocular testing holds promise as a non‐invasive and cost‐effective method for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). After interviews with neurologists, optometrists, primary care physicians, and ophthalmologists, the potential for ocular biomarker testing to become a standard clinical practice in the future was assessed. Ocular tests offer a non‐invasive alternative to blood‐based testing, capturing a substantial niche of ≈ 4 to 8 million individuals in the United States during routine eye exams. Technical requirements for broad adoption include high accuracy comparable to blood‐based tests and 510(k) clearance. Ocular biomarker technology must meet the practical requirements of optometrists and ophthalmologists, including ease of implementation, automation, and a clear path to profitability. A sufficient body of evidence to support guideline inclusion, reimbursement, and clinical actionability will facilitate the adoption. As the field evolves, advances such as earlier detection of preclinical AD may further expand the role of ocular testing.Highlights
Ocular biomarkers offer another non‐invasive alternative to blood‐based Alzheimer's disease testing.
Wide adoption will require accuracy akin to blood‐based tests and 510(k) clearance.
Ocular screening could benefit ≈ 4 to 8 million US individuals conducting routine eye exams.
Current ocular offerings remain nascent, and advances could expand this reach.
New technology must show ease of implementation, automation, and a path to profit.
Development and validation of BCG vaccine‐induced novel granulomatous liver injury preclinical animal model
Authors: Sharma Swati , Moudgil Abhishek , Grewal Jyoti , Khatri Pankaj , Sharma Vishal , Premkumar Madhumita , Bal Amanjit , Banerjee Dibyajyoti , Patil Amol N. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundDeveloping a granulomatous liver injury preclinical model may pave the way to understanding hepatic‐TB (tuberculosis) and autoimmune granulomatous liver diseases. Antitubercular (ATT) and other drugs' metabolism in the presence of a specific type of liver injury is not well understood. The present study aimed to establish a preclinical model of granulomatous hepatitis by using the BCG (Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin) vaccine, further studying it in the presence of ATT dosing, and analyze the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid, rifampicin, and their respective primary metabolites.MethodsWe used 56 rats in seven equal groups. Group I functioned as a normal control (NC) receiving normal saline only. Groups II–IV received intravenous injections of low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose BCG vaccine daily for 21 days. Groups V, VI, and VII received isoniazid (H) alone, rifampicin (R) alone, and isoniazid + rifampicin(HR) for a subsequent 15 days in addition to high dose BCG for the first 21 days, respectively. Liver function tests (LFT) were monitored on days 0, 21, 28, and 36. Rats were sacrificed later for oxidative stress and histopathological examination.ResultsThe study observed BCG dose‐specific LFT derangements in groups II–IV compared to group I on day 21 (p < 0.05). Isoniazid, rifampicin, and combination intervention groups demonstrated normalization of the BCG‐led LFT changes. Histology and oxidative stress parameters confirmed model development and biochemical changes. Isoniazid area under the curve (AUC) showed a reduction of 16.9% in BCG + HR group in comparison to the BCG + H group (p = 0.01). Des‐acetyl‐rifampicin AUC and maximum‐concentration value demonstrated a significant rise in BCG + HR group in comparison to the BCG + R group (p = 0.001).ConclusionA novel preclinical model of granulomatous liver injury was developed using the BCG vaccine strain and validated with ATT response.
Roadmap to Catalytic Abatement of Gas Phase Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
Authors: Lott Patrick , Maurer Florian , Beck Arik 
Published: February 2025

While the outstanding stability of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) paved the way for their widespread application in a huge variety of applications, it also resulted in their nickname "forever chemicals". The rising awareness for PFAS‐related environmental and health concerns drives a discussion on the most effective ways to abate PFAS emissions into the environment, i.e. water, soil, and air, and remediation of contaminated matter. In order to address the knowledge gap regarding air pollution by PFAS, this minireview summarizes the current corpus of work in the field and outlines how catalysis can contribute to PFAS abatement in the gas phase. Beyond a mere collection of state‐of‐the‐art knowledge, overarching challenges in catalytic PFAS removal are identified, spanning from fundamental organic and inorganic chemistry, i.e. C‐F‐bond activation, to heterogeneous catalysis, i.e. surface reactions at the gas‐solid interface, to reaction engineering, i.e. scaling relations and technical hurdles. In addition, the article introduces concepts and workflows that aim at providing guidance during the design of technological solutions for the efficient control of gaseous PFAS emissions.
New Peripheral Pyridine‐Substituted Cobalt, Copper, and Manganese Phthalocyanines as Potential In Vitro Acetyl/Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Yalazan Halise , Seyhan Gökçe , Özkan Şeyma , Barut Burak , Biyiklioglu Zekeriya , Kantekin Halit 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this research, we designed phthalocyanine compounds that are thought to be used as potential acetyl/butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. First, phthalonitrile compound (PNM‐CN), which is the precursor compound for phthalocyanines, was synthesized. Then, by cyclotetramerizing this compound, pyridine‐substituted peripheral cobalt (PNM‐CoPc), copper (PNM‐CuPc), and manganese (PNM‐MnClPc) phthalocyanine compounds were synthesized, and their structures were described using mass, NMR (except phthalocyanines), FT‐IR, and UV–Vis (except phthalonitrile) spectroscopic techniques. Investigations were carried out into the new pyridine‐substituted peripheral (PNM‐Cu/Co/MnClPcs) phthalocyanines' in vitro inhibitory properties against butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). With an IC50 of 5.95 ± 2.12 μM (AChE) and 0.74 ± 0.01 μM (BuChE), PNM‐CuPc showed the most potent inhibitory effect against AChE and BuChE among all compounds.
Study on Quality Evaluation of Er Miao San Based on HPLC Fingerprinting Combined With Multi‐Indicator Content Determination
Authors: Xue Shuyan , Song Feichao , Wei Na , Liu Yuxuan , Liu Muchun , Huang Xi , Zhang Yumeng , Liu Yang , Hao Huiqin , Zhang Junfeng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe aim to establish the fingerprint profile of Er Miao San (EMS) that aims to accurately evaluate the quality of EMS samples and to identify quality markers for different batches of EMS and explore its related targets and pathways for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. HPLC was employed with an Agilent C18 column. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were conducted by using SPSS and SIMCA software. Network pharmacology techniques were utilized to explore the potential targets and pathways of EMS in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The HPLC fingerprint profile of EMS was established, featuring a total of 15 common peaks, among which nine were identified. The 10 batches of medicinal materials could be clustered into three categories. With VIP > 1 as the criterion, four index differential components were screened out. These intersections were imported into the STRING database and Cytoscape software, resulting in 228 intersection targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the related targets and pathways. The established method can effectively analyze the quality differences of EMS from different origins. The screened targets and pathways are of great significance for analyzing the differences in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by different batches of EMS.
A Sensitive and Selective LC–MS/MS‐ESI Method for the Quantitation of Metabolites M9, M12, and M20 of Bexicaserin in Human Plasma and Urine Matrices
Authors: Kallem Raja Reddy , Yeager Maisy , Chan Rosa , Fletcher Katharine , Neal Katie , Srinivas Nuggehally R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBexicaserin is a highly selective 5HT2c receptor agonist being developed for the treatment of seizures associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). We report an LC–MS/MS method for the quantitative estimation of three pharmacologically inactive metabolites (M9, M12, and M20) of bexicaserin in human plasma/urine. Sample preparation involves the extraction of M9, M12, M20, and internal standards (ISs) from 25‐μL plasma and 50‐μL urine following protein precipitation. The chromatographic separation of analytes was achieved on a HSS T3‐C18 column. The calibration curves ranged from 0.1 to 100 ng/mL for M9, 0.5–500 ng/mL for M12, and 1.0–1000 ng/mL for M20 in plasma and 2.0–2000 ng/mL for M9 and M12 and 10–10,000 ng/mL for M20 in urine. Intraday/interday precision and accuracy, linearity, matrix effect, extraction recovery, carry‐over, dilution integrity, stability studies, and incurred sample reanalysis were performed in both plasma and urine. The intraday and interday accuracy and precision for metabolites met the stipulated regulatory guidelines. Stability studies in plasma and urine showed that analytes were stable at bench‐top for > 23.5 h and in autosampler for > 69 h. Analytes were stable after five freeze–thaw cycles and > 552 days of long‐term storage at −20°C and −80°C.
Deciphering the skeletal interoceptive circuitry to control bone homeostasis
Authors: Wu Yefeng , Guo Jiusi , Chen Zhen , Zhang Fengwei , Chow Billy Kwok Chong , Chen Zhuofan , Yeung Kelvin Wai‐Kwok , Qiao Wei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBone tissue is richly innervated, and the influence of the nervous system on the physiological and pathological status of bone tissue has emerged as a significant research focus. The recent discovery of the skeletal interoceptive circuits further emphasizes the crucial role of the central nervous system in the control of bone homeostasis. Skeletal interoception represents one of the most intricate mechanisms in the human body for maintaining bone homeostasis, as it involves the orchestrated efforts of skeletal, nervous, immune, and endocrine systems. In this review, we comprehensively introduce the three primary components of the skeletal interoceptive circuitry, including the ascending pathways that perceive and convey signals to the central nervous system, the central neural pathways that process and interpret these signals, and the descending pathways that mediate the regulatory effects on bone tissue. We also discuss how innovative therapeutic strategies can be developed to modulate bone homeostasis by leveraging the most updated findings on skeletal interoceptive circuitry. We anticipate that the application of knowledge on skeletal interoception will lead to a paradigm shift in the field of orthopaedics and biomaterials.
Climate Change in Microcredit Portfolios: Evidence on Vulnerability, Adaptation and Implications for Inclusive Finance
Authors: Dorfleitner Gregor , Forcella Davide , Gerckens Andreas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTClimate change poses new challenges to the social mission and financial viability of microfinance institutions (MFIs). These include the vulnerability of borrowers, increased credit risks and the need to adapt to the changing climate. Using a novel microcredit data set, we first study the prevalence of climatic hazards and vulnerabilities in the portfolios of MFIs across Latin America and the Caribbean as well as sub‐Saharan Africa. We find evidence of microborrower vulnerability to climatic hazards and associated heightened credit risk. We then explore ecosystem‐based adaptation (EbA) as a potential strategic complement to inclusive finance in aiding adaptation. Our analysis finds widespread autonomous implementation of EbA by agricultural microborrowers. While EbA measures appear to negatively moderate the association between climatic hazards and microborrower vulnerabilities, we do not find them to be directly associated with lower vulnerabilities. Furthermore, lenders do not appear to increase financing of adaptation in portfolios with greater exposure to climatic hazards. The findings suggest a need to enhance the effectiveness of adaptive actions and further potential to expand the financing of EbA by MFIs.
Prognostic Impact of Stimulator of Interferon Genes Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Maeda Tetsuyo , Ono Makiko , Osako Tomo , Chiba Tomohiro , Baba Satoko , Iesato Asumi , Ozaki Yukinori , Inoue Yuka , Uehiro Natsue , Takahashi Yoko , Kobayashi Takayuki , Kogawa Takahiro , Ohta Tomohiko , Kitano Shigehisa , Ueno Takayuki , Ohno Shinji 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) who have a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have worse survival and new treatment strategies need to be developed. TNBC is considered a subtype in which the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) is linked to the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, an innate immune response that recognizes cytosolic nucleic acid components, is activated when DNA damage occurs, and is attracting attention as a new therapeutic target.MethodsPatients with TNBC who underwent surgery following NAC and for whom pre‐ and post‐treatment tissue specimens were available were enrolled in this study. To examine the association of STING expression with immune profiles and prognosis, STING, cGAS, CD8, and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expressions in tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs), and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were assessed using immunohistochemistry of specimens obtained at pre‐treatment and at surgery.ResultsNinety‐one cases were eligible, of which 68 cases were evaluable and included in the analysis. The high STING expression at baseline was marginally correlated with TILs, but not with CD8+ cells or PD‐L1 expression. Patients with sustained high expression of STING before and after NAC had a significantly poorer prognosis than that of others for distant recurrence‐free survival and breast cancer‐specific survival independent of nodal status, lymphatic invasion and therapeutic effects (p = 0.024 and 0.014, respectively).ConclusionTNBCs with sustained high STING expression following NAC demonstrated a poor prognosis and will be a target for new treatment strategies.
Navigating Metabolic Challenges in Ovarian Cancer: Insights and Innovations in Drug Repurposing
Authors: Mikhael Sara , Daoud Georges 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundOvarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and a major global health concern, often diagnosed at advanced stages with poor survival rates. Despite advancements in treatment, resistance to standard chemotherapy remains a critical challenge with limited treatment options available. In recent years, the role of metabolic reprogramming in OC has emerged as a key factor driving tumor progression, therapy resistance, and poor clinical outcomes.MethodsThis review explores the intricate connections between metabolic syndrome, enhanced glycolysis, and altered lipid metabolism within OC cells, which fuel the aggressive nature of the disease. We discuss how metabolic pathways are rewired in OC to support uncontrolled cell proliferation, survival under hypoxic conditions, and evasion of cell death mechanisms, positioning metabolic alterations as central to disease progression. The review also highlights the potential of repurposed metabolic‐targeting drugs, such as metformin and statins, which have shown promise in preclinical studies for their ability to disrupt these altered metabolic pathways.ConclusionDrug repurposing offers a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on unraveling the complex metabolic networks in OC to develop innovative, targeted therapies that can enhance treatment efficacy and patient survival.
Promoting Racial Justice in Cancer Clinical Trials: Community Engaged Solutions for Bridging Gaps
Authors: Williams Deana M. , Pflugeisen Chaya M. , Ameen Khadijah , Chen Toby K. , Cooks Sheree , Ray Bernadette C. , Foster Melissa , Phillips De , Sanchez Lizbeth , Hardiman Keywanna , Smith Cynthia , Slim Jennifer 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionRacially and ethnically diverse populations are disproportionately burdened with and more likely to die from cancer than White populations but remain persistently underrepresented in cancer clinical trials. Thus, the safety and efficacy assessments of novel therapies may not apply to all populations, and guidelines are developed using trials that inadequately reflect our population. This study aims to explore healthcare experiences, cancer clinical trial perceptions, and solutions for bridging gaps in cancer clinical trials among communities of color.MethodsWe held a series of five focus groups with 23 survivors and caregivers of color. These sessions explored perspectives around cancer care and research, clinical trials recruitment and messaging, and priorities around addressing the current insufficiency in representation in cancer research.ResultsOur focus group data was analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Four themes were present including (1) high motivation to participate in cancer trials and desire for better outreach and education within communities of color; (2) examples of just care as a model for improving access to clinical trials; (3) manifestations of power and inequity in healthcare inhibiting opportunities for clinical trial participation; and (4) the need for trust‐building at the healthcare, community, and interpersonal levels.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that people of color strongly desire clinical trial options and discussions during cancer care, and trust‐building is foundational to opening pathways to research participation. We offer concrete steps for increasing racial justice in cancer clinical trials that serve as a point of reflection and guidance for healthcare professionals, researchers, and clinical trials teams.
The Veteran's Identity Journey: A Qualitative Exploration Through Social Identity Model of Identity Change
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Hussain Dilwar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe current study delves into the transition faced by military veterans upon their retirement from the armed forces. Retirees encounter various difficulties, primarily revolving around shifts in group dynamics, alterations in roles and responsibilities and adapting to civilian life. Rooted in the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC), which posits that group identification can mitigate threats to well‐being during life transitions, we explored the relevance of this model to the context of military retirement. Through semi‐structured interviews with 17 retired veterans, we employed reflexive thematic analysis to investigate SIMIC's pathways. Our findings underscored the significance of identity continuity and gain pathways, which either posed challenges to veterans' sense of identity or facilitated their adjustment process. The compatibility between the two pathways also played a crucial role in facilitating the adjustment process. This qualitative validation of the SIMIC model sheds light on the unique experiences of veterans transitioning from military to civilian life. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Conversion‐time relations for fluid–solid reactors with shrinking‐core kinetics
Authors: Tarifa Enrique Eduardo , García Juan Rafael , Vera Carlos Román 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe problem of finding expressions linking conversion and residence time for systems of fluid–solid reactions with shrinking‐core kinetics is revisited. The classical formulae are revised for the three classical cases with different rate‐limiting resistances: mass transfer in the film, chemical reaction and diffusion through the ash layer. It is demonstrated that, for a single particle size, the classical Taylor's expansions of the conversion as a function of the dimensionless residence time can be conveniently replaced by other mathematical functions to solve the problem of inaccuracy and multiple roots of the polynomials. The proposed correlations give accurate solutions. Pairwise correlations permit getting the conversion from the residence time, and the residence time from a given conversion, with no multiple roots, for the cases of a continuous reactor with plug flow or perfectly mixed flow, for the three cases of rate‐limiting resistances. The obtained results demonstrate that classical Taylor expansions yield significant errors for small residence times, whereas the newly proposed correlations avoid this issue and provide greater accuracy across the whole range. From the point of view of numerical calculus, the new correlations are simpler and reduce computational effort by eliminating the need to calculate numerous polynomial terms.
Weak Absorptive Component Boosts Exciton Dissociation in Indoor Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Wen Zhenchuan , Qiao Jiawei , Yang Yuying , Hao Xiaotao 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryIndoor organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have emerged as promising candidates for harvesting energy from artificial light sources. However, the limited spectral range and low photon flux of indoor light sources restrict the photocurrent and power output of these devices. In this work, we investigate the role of a weak absorptive third component in enhancing exciton dissociation and improving indoor OPV performance. By introducing eC9‐2Cl into a D18‐Cl:F‐BTA3 binary system, we create a ternary blend that demonstrates significant improvements in device efficiency. Transient absorption spectroscopy and time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that eC9‐2Cl facilitates efficient energy transfer and exciton dissociation. Under indoor lighting conditions, where eC9‐2Cl acts as a weak absorptive third component, the ternary devices exhibit a power conversion efficiency increase from 24.7% to 26.2%. These findings highlight the potential of weak absorptive components in optimizing energy transfer processes and overcoming the limitations of indoor light harvesting in OPV systems.