bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical review on surface modifications mitigating dairy fouling
Authors: Saget Manon , de Almeida Caroline Françolle , Fierro Vanessa , Celzard Alain , Delaplace Guillaume , Thomy Vincent , Coffinier Yannick , Jimenez Maude 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThermal treatments performed in food processing industries generate fouling. This fouling deposit impairs heat transfer mechanism by creating a thermal resistance, thus leading to regular shutdown of the processes. Therefore, periodic and harsh cleaning‐in‐place (CIP) procedures are implemented. This CIP involves the use of chemicals and high amounts of water, thus increasing environmental burden. It has been estimated that 80% of production costs are owed to dairy fouling deposit. Since the 1970s, different types of surface modifications have been performed either to prevent fouling deposition (anti‐fouling) or to facilitate removal (fouling‐release). This review points out the impacts of surface modification on type A dairy fouling and on cleaning behaviors under batch and continuous flow conditions. Both types of anti‐fouling and fouling‐release coatings are reported as well as the different techniques used to modify stainless steel surface. Finally, methods for testing and characterising the effectiveness of coatings in mitigating dairy fouling are discussed.
Positive intervention of insoluble dietary fiber from defatted rice bran on hyperlipidemia in high fat diet fed rats
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhao Jieyu , Liu Sushi , Fan Yuchuan , Mei Jiajia , Liu Xuanjiang , Wei Tao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreasing dietary fiber intake is considered to be an effective way to prevent and relieve the diseases associated with high‐income lifestyles. Compared with soluble dietary fiber, comprehensive evaluation about the effects of insoluble dietary fiber on hyperlipidemia is rarely studied. In the present study, the insoluble dietary fiber was extracted from defatted rice bran by enzymatic treatments (IDF‐dRB), followed by investigation about the adsorption and antioxidant activities in vitro. Moreover, the alleviating effects of IDF‐dRB on hyperlipidemia were evaluated and analyzed. As a result, IDF‐dRB possessed good adsorption capacities of glucose and cholesterol, and also exhibited excellent properties in scavenging radicals. Furthermore, intervention with IDF‐dRB significantly improved lipid and glucose metabolism and alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress in rats fed high‐fat diet. It was also observed that IDF‐dRB treatment could recover the decline in species of gut microbiota caused by high fat diet, increase the community richness, and modulate the metabolic function of gut microbiota. In conclusion, the results indicated that IDF‐dRB could ameliorate hyperlipidemia from many aspects and offered some perspectives about the effects of diet intervention with insoluble dietary fiber.Practical ApplicationRice bran and defatted rice bran are coproducts in the rice processing industry and potentially valuable for the preparation of insoluble dietary fiber. Here an insoluble dietary fiber IDF‐dRB was extracted from defatted rice bran and showed good properties in improving lipid and glucose levels, alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress, and modulating gut microbiota in rats fed high‐fat diet, suggesting the potential application in ameliorating hyperlipidemia.
Assessing the accuracy of 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT compared with MRI in the initial diagnosis of prostate malignancy: A cohort analysis of 114 consecutive patients
Authors: Paterson Felix , Nottage Michelle , Kitchener Michael , Jarvis Matthew , Reid Jessica , Oakden‐Rayner Luke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionProstate cancer diagnosis is shifting towards a minimally invasive approach, maintaining accuracy and efficacy while reducing morbidity. We aimed to assess if PSMA–Ga68 PET/CT can accurately grade and localise prostatic malignancy using objective methods, compared with pathology and MRI.MethodsRetrospective analysis on 114 consecutive patients undergoing staging PSMA PET/CT scans over 12 months was carried out. The SUVmax and site of highest PSMA activity within the prostate gland were recorded. Pathology/biopsy review assessed maximum Gleason score (and location). MRI analysis assessed the highest PIRADS score and location. The grade, location and size of malignant tissue on biopsy, and PSA, were correlated with the SUVmax and the PIRADS score.ResultsSUVmax was significantly elevated in cases with PSA ≥10 (P = 0.003) and Gleason score ≥8 (P = 0.0002). SUVmax demonstrated equivalent sensitivity to MRI‐PIRADS in predicting Gleason ≥8 disease, with higher specificity when tested under a high‐specificity regime (SUVmax ≥10, PIRADS = 5, P = 0.002). Furthermore, the region of highest SUVmax was superior to MRI‐PIRADS for localising the highest grade tumour region, correctly identifying 71% of highest grade regions compared to 54% with MRI (P = 0.015).ConclusionPSMA PET/CT is as effective as MRI in identifying high‐grade prostate malignancy. Our findings also support previous studies in showing a significant relationship between SUVmax and Gleason grade. These benefits, along with the known advantage in identifying distant metastases and the reduced cost, further support the argument that PSMA PET/CT should be offered as an initial investigation in the workup of prostate cancer.
RORC gene polymorphism is associated with acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery
Authors: Gholamipoor Zeynab , Rahimzadeh Mahsa , Montazerghaem Hossein , Naderi Nadereh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), associated with increased mortality in surgical patients. It is well‐proven that Th17 and its hallmark cytokine, IL‐17, contribute to AKI development. Since the RAR‐related orphan receptor C (RORC) gene is a master regulator of the Th17 differentiation, we aimed to evaluate the association between its polymorphisms, CPB‐AKI and plasma IL‐17 levels among Iranian patients undergoing CPB.MethodTotally, 138 patients undergoing CPB in Bandar Abbas, Iran, were enrolled. The allele and genotype frequencies of the selected SNPs were determined using PCR‐SSP. IL‐17 serum level was determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsRs9017 GG genotype and G allele were associated with increased risk of CPB‐AKI (OR = 3, 95% CI = 1.4–6.6 and OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.3–3.9, respectively) while A allele was protective against the disease (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.3–0.7, p = .02). There was not a statistically significant interaction between the three genotypes of rs9017 and AKI disease with IL‐17 serum level before (p = .9) and after (p = .6) the operation. The IL‐17 serum level before surgery was significantly higher in patients carrying GG genotype compared to GA genotype (p = .017).ConclusionOur results showed that the rs9017 GG genotype was associated with an increased level of IL‐17 and risk of CBP‐AKI in the Iranian population. Our current results suggest that the rs9017 GG genotype could be a probable predictor of AKI after cardiac surgery.
Enrollment with and without exception from informed consent in a pilot trial of tranexamic acid in children with hemorrhagic injuries
Authors: Linakis Seth W. , Kuppermann Nathan , Stanley Rachel M. , Hewes Hilary , Myers Sage , VanBuren John M. , Casper T. Charles , Bobinski Matthew , Ghetti Simona , Schalick Walton O. , Nishijima Daniel K. ,   TIC‐TOC Collaborators of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundFederal exception from informed consent (EFIC) procedures allow studies to enroll patients with time‐sensitive, life‐threatening conditions when written consent is not feasible. Our objective was to compare enrollment rates with and without EFIC in a trial of tranexamic acid (TXA) for children with hemorrhagic injuries.MethodsWe conducted a four‐center randomized controlled pilot and feasibility trial evaluating TXA in children with severe hemorrhagic brain and/or torso injuries. We initiated the trial enrolling patients without EFIC. After 3 months of enrollment, we met our a priori futility threshold and paused the trial to incorporate EFIC procedures and obtain regulatory approval. We then restarted the trial allowing EFIC if the guardian was unable to provide timely written consent. We used descriptive statistics to compare characteristics of eligible patients approached with and without EFIC procedures. We also calculated the time delay to restart the trial using EFIC.ResultsWe enrolled one of 15 (6.7%) eligible patients (0.17 per site per month) prior to using EFIC procedures. Of the 14 missed eligible patients, seven (50%) were not enrolled because guardians were not present or were injured and unable to provide written consent. After obtaining approval for EFIC, we enrolled 30 of 48 (62.5%) eligible patients (1.34 per site per month). Of these 30 patients, 22 (73.3%) were enrolled with EFIC. Of the 22, no guardians refused written consent after randomization. There were no significant differences in the eligibility rate and patient characteristics enrolled with and without EFIC procedures. Across all sites, the mean delay to restart the trial using EFIC procedures was 12 months.ConclusionsIn a multicenter trial of severely injured children, the use of EFIC procedures greatly increased the enrollment rate and was well accepted by guardians. Initiating the trial without EFIC procedures led to a significant delay in enrollment.
Does receiving an eating disorder diagnosis increase the risk of a subsequent alcohol use disorder? A Danish nationwide register‐based cohort study
Authors: Mellentin Angelina Isabella , Skøt Lotte , Guala Maria Mercedes , Støving René Klinkby , Ascone Leonie , Stenager Elsebeth , Mejldal Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and aimNo large‐scale, longitudinal clinical study has examined whether patients with different types of eating disorders (ED) have an increased risk of a subsequent alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study aimed to assess the ongoing risk of receiving a diagnosis of AUD following a first‐time diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or unspecified ED (USED).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingDanish nationwide registries, January 1994 to December 2018.ParticipantsA total of 20 759 ED patients and 83 036 controls were followed from the date of first ED diagnosis (index date) until the date of first AUD diagnosis, death, emigration, or the end of the study. Controls were selected in a 1:4 ratio and matched on month and year of birth, gender and ethnicity.MeasurementsWe obtained data on ED (AN, BN, USED; exposure) and AUD (abuse/dependence; outcome) diagnoses as well as sociodemographics and other psychiatric diagnoses. Time to AUD was generated from the index date. Risk of AUD after the index date was assessed among those without a prior AUD diagnosis while adjusting for sociodemographics and prior psychiatric diagnoses.FindingsCompared with controls, an increased relative risk of AUD after the index date was observed in AN patients throughout the study lasting 15 + years (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] ranging from 2.49 [99% CI = 1.46, 4.25] to 6.83 [2.84, 16.41]), in BN patients during the first year of follow‐up and from 2 years onward (2.72 [1.66, 4.44] to 17.44 [6.01, 50.63]), and in USED patients during the first year and 2–15 years of follow‐up (2.52 [1.54, 4.14] to 14.17 [5.86, 34.27]). In all three groups, estimates were highest during the first year, particularly among BN patients.ConclusionsPatients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or unspecified eating disorders appear to have an increased ongoing risk of receiving a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder following their first eating disorder diagnosis compared with controls.
Effects of natural forest and tree plantations on leaf‐litter frog assemblages in Southern Brazil
Authors: Cicheleiro Juciela , Santos‐Pereira Manuela , Luza André Luís , Huning Douglas da Silva , Zanella Noeli 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnuran amphibians are extremely sensitive to changes in the environment and are severely threatened with extinction by human activities. The conversion of natural habitats to tree plantations is expanding in southern Brazil, emphasising the need for both scientists and society to understand the potential effects of this practice on animal communities. Here, we evaluated whether the richness, composition and abundance of leaf‐litter frogs change among natural forests, plantations of the native Araucaria angustifolia and plantations of an introduced pine Pinus spp. We obtained data on the composition of the leaf‐litter frog assemblages by sampling natural forest and tree plantations in the Passo Fundo National Forest, southern Brazil. We sampled leaf‐litter frogs using pitfall trap arrays from March 2017 to February 2018. We used generalised linear mixed models to estimate the effect of habitat type on leaf‐litter frogs while considering variation induced by season effect and spatial autocorrelation. We recorded 311 individual leaf‐litter frogs belonging to nine species and five families. We did not find differences in species richness and composition, total abundance and abundance of the most frequent species Physalaemus cuvieri, P. carrizorum and Rhinella icterica among Pinus plantations, Araucaria angustifolia plantations and natural forests. These results indicate that tree plantations and natural forests can be equally suitable to leaf‐litter frogs. Such suitability is promoted by the light levels of management exerted on these plantations, the old age of the plantations and the heterogeneous mosaic of habitat types maintained within this National Forest. Our study shows that some management decisions can preserve habitat quality to wildlife in modified landscapes.
Climate‐based ensemble modelling to evaluate the global distribution ofAnoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky)
Authors: Byeon Dae‐hyeon , Kim Se‐Hyun , Jung Jae‐Min , Jung Sunghoon , Kim Kwang‐Ho , Lee Wang‐Hee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a forest pest that damages a wide range of trees in areas where it has recently been introduced, demanding a proactive evaluation of its possible future distribution.This study aimed to project the potential distribution ofA. glabripennisusing species distribution modelling and constructed an ensemble map for evaluating global risk areas.We used CLIMEX and MaxEnt to evaluate the potential distribution ofA. glabripennisas a function of current and future climates.The results showed that the models predicted a high probability ofA. glabripennisdistribution where this species is currently found, and the suitable climate was shifted northward due to climate change.The projected area differed between the models because of different modelling algorithm and climate change scenario; thus, an ensemble map projecting the consensus areas from two models was constructed to identify the risk areas that corresponded to the eastern United States, Europe, and native countries, Korea and China, and nearby Japan.From the perspective of ensemble modelling for evaluating species distributions with reduced uncertainties, this study will enhance the model reliability for defining areas at risk ofA. glabripennisoccurrence.
Improving the resolution of canine genome‐wide association studies using genotype imputation: A study of two breeds
Authors: Jenkins Christopher A. ,   Dog Biomedical Variant Database Consortium, Schofield Ellen C. , Mellersh Cathryn S. , De Risio Luisa , Ricketts Sally L 
Published: July 2021

SummaryGenotype imputation using a reference panel that combines high‐density array data and publicly available whole genome sequence consortium variant data is potentially a cost‐effective method to increase the density of extant lower‐density array datasets. In this study, three datasets (two Border Collie; one Italian Spinone) generated using a legacy array (Illumina CanineHD, 173 662 SNPs) were utilised to assess the feasibility and accuracy of this approach and to gather additional evidence for the efficacy of canine genotype imputation. The cosmopolitan reference panels used to impute genotypes comprised dogs of 158 breeds, mixed breed dogs, wolves and Chinese indigenous dogs, as well as breed‐specific individuals genotyped using the Axiom Canine HD array. The two Border Collie reference panels comprised 808 individuals including 79 Border Collies and 426 326 or 426 332 SNPs; and the Italian Spinone reference panel comprised 807 individuals including 38 Italian Spinoni and 476 313 SNPs. A high accuracy for imputation was observed, with the lowest accuracy observed for one of the Border Collie datasets (mean R
2 = 0.94) and the highest for the Italian Spinone dataset (mean R
2 = 0.97). This study’s findings demonstrate that imputation of a legacy array study set using a reference panel comprising both breed‐specific array data and multi‐breed variant data derived from whole genomes is effective and accurate. The process of canine genotype imputation, using the valuable growing resource of publicly available canine genome variant datasets alongside breed‐specific data, is described in detail to facilitate and encourage use of this technique in canine genetics.
You Are Going to Get Us Killed: Fugitive Archival Practice and the Carceral State
Authors: Sojoyner Damien M. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe carceral state has been the dominant voice of state governance in the United States over the past forty years. This article takes the archive as a key site of struggle to understand the power dynamics at play with the development of and fight against the carceral state. Utilizing the intervention of the fugitive archival practice, the article analyzes the multifaceted ways in which Black residents and communal institutions of Los Angeles, California, develop strategies and techniques located within past struggles against what I call the carceral state archive. The carceral state archive consists of both the recording mechanisms of state power and the institutions and structures that buttress that power. Built upon a multilayered methodological approach, the framing of the argument includes ethnographic and archival analysis of communal institutions such as the Southern California Library, communal organizations such as the Coalition Against Police Abuse, and the community members who all form the making of the fugitive archival practice. [carceral studies, race, urban anthropology, archives]
Ergonomics in the anaesthetic workplace
Authors: Bailey C. R. , Radhakrishna S. , Asanati K. , Dill N. , Hodgson K. , McKeown C. , Pawa A. , Plaat F. , Wilkes A. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryErgonomics in relation to anaesthesia is the scientific study of the interaction between anaesthetists and their workspace environment in order to promote safety, performance and well‐being. The foundation for avoiding pain or discomfort at work is to adopt and maintain a good posture, whether sitting or standing. Anaesthetists should aim to keep their posture as natural and neutral as possible. The successful practice of anaesthesia relies on optimisation of ergonomics and lack of attention to detail in this area is associated with impaired performance. The anaesthetic team should wear comfortable clothing, including appropriately‐sized personal protective equipment where necessary. Temperature, humidity and light should be adequate at all times. The team should comply with infection prevention and control guidelines and monitoring as recommended by the Association of Anaesthetists. Any equipment or machinery that is mobile should be positioned where it is easy to view or reach without having to change the body or head position significantly when interacting with it. Patients who are supine should, whenever possible, be raised upwards to limit the need to lean towards them. Any item required during a procedure should be positioned on trays or trolleys that are close to the dominant hand. Pregnancy affects the requirements for standing, manually handling, applying force when operating equipment or moving machines and the period over which the individual might have to work without a break. Employers have a duty to make reasonable adjustments to accommodate disability in the workplace. Any member of staff with a physical impairment needs to be accommodated and this includes making provision for a wheelchair user who needs to enter the operating theatre and perform their work.
Outsourcing robotic‐assisted operations to private hospitals: cost analysis of a retrospective cohort
Authors: Young Edward , Vissapragada Ravi , Bulamu Norma B. , Raju Devinder Philip , McDonald Christopher Richard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Lyell McEwin Hospital entered into a public–private collaborative agreement in 2019 in order to access Da Vinci® Xi Surgical Systems (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) in private hospitals. This study aimed to examine the costs associated with usage of robot surgical systems under the agreement, and the potential for acquisition in the public hospital.MethodsRetrospective data on robotic‐assisted and equivalent operations performed between 1 May 2019 and 30 April 2020 were collected and formed subsequent model inputs. Cost data were from hospital records and the local Da Vinci® Xi distributor. Clinical workflow of operations was simulated with a decision‐analytic model, with output being costs incurred. The model's base case scenario assumed 5% of cases were robotically assisted.ResultsA total of 35 robotic‐assisted, 101 laparoscopic and 34 open operations were performed. Patients were predominantly male and overweight with multiple comorbidities. Length of stay and duration of operation were associated with increased costs (p < 0.001,r20.72). In the base case scenario, there was a cost of AU$26 424 per patient, with an open conversion rate of 11%. Increasing robotic‐assisted case percentage resulted in reduced cost, open conversion rates and length of stay. Extrapolation of cost model data indicated if 50% were robotic‐assisted cases, then the initial capital investment (assumed at AU$4 000 000) could be recovered in 10 years.ConclusionOur model highlights potential advantages of performing greater numbers of robotic‐assisted operations in a collaborative environment. Cost‐effective analysis with prospective data could evaluate if these results are translatable and potentially support acquisition of robotic systems in the public sector.