bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melanogenesis‐promoting effect of Cirsium japonicum flower extract in vitro and ex vivo
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Jeon Kyungeun , Shin Seoungwoo , Yoon Sohyun , Kim Hayeon , Kang Hee Young , Ryu Dehun , Park Deokhoon , Jung Eunsun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we examined the effect of C. japonicum flower extract (CFE) on melanogenesis and its mechanism in vitro and ex vivo.MethodsThe effect of CFE on melanogenesis was investigated with lightly (HEMn‐LP) and moderately (HEMn‐MP) pigmented normal human melanocytes, reconstituted three‐dimensional skin (3D skin) model and ex vivo human hair follicles. The melanogenesis‐inducing effect of CFE was evaluated using melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity assay. The amount and type of eumelanin and pheomelanin were analysed by using HPLC method. The mechanism involved in the effect of CFE on hyperpigmentation was explored by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) immunoassay and western blot analysis for tyrosinase, microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) and phosphorylated CRE‐binding protein (pCREB) expression. The degree of pigmentation in 3D skin and L‐values were measured using a CR‐300 chroma meter. The amount of dissolved melanin was measured using a spectrophotometer. The content of melanin in the hair follicles was evaluated by Fontana Masson staining.ResultsC. japonicum flower extract significantly increased the melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity in both HEMn‐LP and HEMn‐MP cells. The markers of pheomelanin and eumelanin in HEMn‐LP and HEMn‐MP were also increased by CFE. We observed that CFE treatment on melanocytes increased intracellular cAMP with inducing pCREB and up‐regulating the protein levels of TYR and MITF. Furthermore, CFE considerably increased the melanin content in a 3D skin model and ex vivo human hair follicles.ConclusionsThese results suggest that CFE exerts hyperpigmentation activity through cAMP signalling in human melanocytes that it can improve follicular depigmentation and vitiligo by stimulating the melanin synthesis.
Challenges of de‐implementing feeding tube auscultation: A qualitative study
Authors: Bourgault Annette M. , Upvall Michele J. , Nicastro Samantha , Powers Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThis qualitative study explored de‐implementation of feeding tube auscultation practice in adult patients by critical care nurses.BackgroundDespite years of evidence suggesting inaccuracy and harm, auscultation (air bolus method) continues to be used by the majority of critical care nurses to verify small‐bore feeding tube placement in adults.DesignThis descriptive qualitative study used thematic analysis with telephone interview data.MethodsFourteen critical care nurses from four stratified groups within the United States (by hospital type and auscultation practice) participated in telephone interviews.ResultsTwo major themes of individual influence and organizational leadership emerged from the data. Categories identified key components required for auscultation de‐implementation.ConclusionsNurses feel obligated to follow hospital policies and expressed less accountability for their own practice. Organizational leadership involvement is recommended to facilitate de‐implementation of this tradition‐based, low‐value practice and mitigate harm events.
Stratification by obesity class, rather than age, can identify a higher percent of children at risk for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Radulescu Aurelia , Dugan Adam J. , Killian Mary , Attia Suzanna L. , Mouzaki Marialena , Fuchs George J. , Kohli Rohit , Bada Henrietta , Kern Philip A. , Softic Samir 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBackgroundAn increasing number of clinical practice guidelines recommend screening children with obesity for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there is limited evidence regarding what parameters should be used to initiate the screening.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether obesity class rather than age group can identify a higher percent of children at risk of NAFLD as assessed by abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT).MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study in a regional referral clinic for evaluation of obesity. Children were stratified by age group or by obesity class, and data obtained at first visit were analysed.ResultsOf the 784 children, 482 were ≥10, 209 were 6 to 9 and 93 were 2 to 5 years of age. Abnormal ALT was observed in 32.1%, 46.9% and 61.0% of children with class I, II or III obesity, respectively (p < 0.001), while the risk of abnormal ALT did not differ in very young (2–5), young (6–9), or children older than 10 years. A multivariable analysis showed that class II and class III obesity were associated with 2.1‐fold (1.27‐3.72) and 4‐fold (2.41‐6.96) greater odds of abnormal ALT compared with class I obesity. African‐American children had lower risk of abnormal ALT (0.27), whereas Hispanic children had higher risk (2.37). Obesity class was a better predictor of abnormal ALT than age, especially in girls. Furthermore, 66.7% of boys (p = 0.009) and 69% of girls (p < 0.001) with abnormal ALT exhibited additional signs of metabolic dysfunction.ConclusionObesity class is more strongly associated with abnormal ALT than age.
Prediction of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia using baseline risk factors and coronary artery calcium scoring
Authors: Baggio Diva , Tan Sean , Porch Kylie , Shortt Jake , Ko Brian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA standardised method for cardiovascular risk stratification in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is lacking. We report an algorithm for risk stratification applicable to all patients commencing tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy based on age, prior cardiovascular disease and Framingham Risk Score, incorporating coronary artery calcium scoring in patients at intermediate Framingham Risk Score risk. Of 88 patients retrospectively studied, major adverse cardiovascular event rates in our study‐defined low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk categories were 0%, 10% and 19% respectively. Of nine patients down‐classified from intermediate to low risk on the basis of coronary artery calcium scoring, none went on to experience a major adverse cardiovascular event.
Rice–weed competition in response to nitrogen form under high and low transpirational demand
Authors: Vu Duy Hoang , Stuerz Sabine , Asch Folkard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImplementation of water‐saving irrigation practices in lowland rice results in increased availability of nitrate (NO3−) in the soil and favours germination of upland weeds. Since plant species show a specific preference for either ammonium (NH4+) or NO3− as nitrogen (N) source, changes in both soil NO3− concentration and weed flora may affect the competition between rice and weeds. Further, the transpirational demand of the atmosphere might affect growth and competitiveness of lowland (wetland) and upland (dryland) weeds differently due to their adaptation to different ecological environments. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of N source on growth, N uptake and competition between rice and common upland and lowland weeds under high and low vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Two rice (Oryza sativa) varieties (NU838 and KD18) differing in growth characteristics and two weed species (Echinochloa crus‐galli and Solanum nigrum) differing in their natural habitat were selected and grown hydroponically as monoculture or mixed culture at low or high VPD. N was supplied as 75%/25% or 25%/75% NH4+/NO3−. N uptake rates were measured in the first week, whereas dry matter (DM), N concentration in the plant, total N uptake and the activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in the fresh leaves were determined two weeks after the onset of treatments. Independent of N source, both rice varieties and E. crus‐galli took up a larger share of NH4+, whereas S. nigrum took up a larger share of NO3−. N uptake of rice and E. crus‐galli was hardly affected by N source, whereas high NO3− led to significantly higher N uptake rates and total N uptake of S. nigrum. NU838 showed a higher competitiveness against weeds than KD18. In competition, high NO3− decreased the competitiveness of E. crus‐galli against NU838 but increased the competitiveness of S. nigrum against NU838. High VPD did not affect DM but increased N uptake of S. nigrum, leading to increased competitiveness of the weed at high transpirational demand. Competitiveness for N uptake appears to be an important trait as the relative N concentration in mixed plant communities was correlated with the activity of N‐assimilating enzymes and leaf growth, with a stronger response in rice than in weeds. Our results support the hypothesis that increased availability of NO3− in aerobic rice soils may be advantageous for the competitiveness of upland weeds, especially at high VPD, whereas it may be disadvantageous for common lowland weeds.
PaísDI: Feasibility and effectiveness of an advocacy program for adults with intellectual disability and their stakeholders' groups in Chile
Authors: Tenorio Marcela , Aparicio Andrés , Arango Paulina Sofía , Fernández Ana Karen , Fergusson Alfonso , Turull Jaime , Pizarro Ricardo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disability in Chile face individual and collective barriers to social participation. Lack of knowledge about their rights and tools for effective self‐advocacy seem to be key elements that need to be improved to facilitate participation.MethodWe present PaísDI, a 16 h long manualised program created by self‐advocates in collaboration with an interdisciplinary team, with four modules: rights and intellectual disability, leadership in intellectual disability, effective communication and financial considerations of social projects. This quasi‐experimental study had 349 participants, divided in three groups: people with intellectual disability, relatives and professionals. Feasibility and effectiveness where measured.ResultsThe program is shown to be viable and effective, especially in its impact on self‐perception for self‐advocacy activities.ConclusionThe discussion highlights Chile's historic debt in creating policies that promote self‐determination, knowledge and the empowerment of people with intellectual disability, to bolster their participation as citizens.
Identification, expression patterns and RNA interference of Capa peptide receptors in Dendroctonus armandi larvae under cold
Authors: Fu Danyang , Sun Yaya , Liu Bin , Ning Hang , Wang Linjun , Chen Hui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCapa peptides are of great importance for both understanding the control of salt balance by neuropeptides and revealing the mechanisms of response to cold stress. Presently, research on the physiological function of neuropeptides typically includes identifying and analysing specific receptors and their interactions. Given their role in osmotic balance and the importance of cold tolerance, this study attempted to identify the sequence and function of Capa peptide receptors (CapaRs) in Dendroctonus armandi and to prove that CapaRs play an important role in the cold stress responses. In this study, two full‐length cDNAs encoding more than 400 amino acids of Dendroctonus armandi Capa peptide receptor genes (DaCapaRs) and their sequence features were identified using bioinformatic analysis methods. The alignment of DaCapaRs with homologous proteins from other species indicated that the most similar are Dendroctonus ponderosae Capa peptide receptors. The expression of DaCapaRs was high in December and in the larvae, adults and head and midgut of Dendroctonus armandi. In addition, with decreasing temperatures and long‐term exposure to cold conditions, the expression of DaCapaRs increased markedly when the temperature was 4 to –10°C. RNA interference analysis demonstrated that DaCapaRs play an important role in the cold tolerance of overwintering larvae and indicated that a reverse interaction occurs between DaCapaRs and aquaporins. The results showed that DaCapaRs play an essential role in understanding the neuropeptide regulation of cold tolerance in overwintering Dendroctonus armandi larvae and that it can assist in understanding adaptive evolution of Dendroctonus armandi and its relationship with the ecological environment of the Qinling Mountains.
Drying model for small tumbled beef pieces (biltong) at ambient and mild air temperatures
Authors: Arnaud Elodie , Collignan Antoine , Courtois Francis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe literature on the modeling of meat drying mainly focuses on large pieces of pork with very few studies on small pieces of beef, particularly when previously tumbled with salt and vinegar. In this study, the drying kinetics of tumbled small pieces of beef (biltong) were investigated experimentally using a pilot dryer that allowed precise control of the air conditions. The kinetics were then modeled using a two‐compartment model that mimicked the diffusion model. Results showed that two experimental drying kinetics were enough to identify model parameters and to mimic the drying behavior of biltong of different sizes subjected to a wide range of drying conditions (25–55°C, 30–40% relative humidity). The model also produced acceptable results (mean error on moisture content and ) for simulating biltong drying in industrial conditions. This model can be used as a sizing tool for small and medium drying plants in southern Africa.Practical ApplicationsDrying is widely used to process traditional meat products such as the salted/dried biltong in South Africa. The final product and the manufacturing process used to produce biltong are well described by Jones in 2017. Biltong is original because it is made of strips of meat while up to now, modeling studies have mainly dealt with large meat muscles, like dried cured ham. Biltong, on the other hand, resembles to many other salted/dried products made from small meat muscles all over the world or meat strips mainly in developing countries but not only, for example jerky in the United States. The model developed will be useful for the prediction of drying time by processors who wants to ensure their end product remain stable and have to cope with variations in the size of the meat strips and in the temperature of the drying air.
Preface: Mass spectrometry in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Hanrieder Jörg 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis preface introduces the content of the special issue on ‘Mass Spectrometry in Alzheimer Disease’. Here, an overview is provided on how mass spectrometry is contributing to a broader understanding of AD pathobiology. Mass spectrometry has become a major technology in biomedical analysis and research. This includes biochemical and clinical studies that aim to detail our understanding of Alzheimer disease pathogenesis and pathobiology (AD). In this special issue, key experts in the field present exciting developments and applications of MS in the context of studying AD pathology. These studies span from basic biochemical and neuropathological studies, over advanced metabolomics‐ and proteomics, towards comprehensive biomarker studies, as well as more recently, in situ mass spectrometry‐based imaging (MSI). Together, these studies highlight the key relevance of current and emerging MS technologies to detect, delineate and understand principle pathogenic mechanisms underlying AD.
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A Theory‐Based Approach for Identifying Nurse and Team Member Contributions in the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Will Kristen K. , Lamb Gerri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionTeam‐based care delivered by an interprofessional team has been shown to be an effective strategy for caring for diverse, complex patient populations. Interprofessional teams can improve outcomes, reduce costs, and enhance the patient experience through patient‐centered care. Nurses are essential members of healthcare teams within and across settings.BackgroundIt is imperative for practicing nurses, educators, and researchers to be able to identify and report the contributions of nurses to team performance and care outcomes to prepare students for high‐performance teamwork to improve practice and influence healthcare policy. Currently, the work of many nurses and other team members is not discoverable in electronic health records. Methods used to identify all members of the healthcare team may not be aligned with theories and definitions of teamwork embedded in emerging nursing and interprofessional accreditation guidelines.PurposeThis paper describes a promising new, theoretically grounded approach to identify team members, including nurses, in electronic health records.MethodsUsing operational constructs from a common team definition, grounded in theory, primary care teams were data mined from EHR data to find the hidden members of the team.Discussion/ConclusionFurther testing and use of this approach have the potential to provide a robust strategy to identify and distinguish each team member's contributions to clinical outcomes while laying the foundation for a meaningful study of teams in large data sets like the electronic health record.Clinical RelevanceNew strategies to study nursing and team member contributions utilizing EHR data may lead to improved clinical outcomes. A better understanding of how teams are structured may enhance the understanding of each team member's contribution to outcomes and lead to more equitable recognition and reimbursement for all team members.
The histology of sutures in chicken skulls: Types, conservation, and ontogeny
Authors: Arnaout Bassel , MacKenzie Erin M. , Lantigua Kayla E. , Brzezinski Kaylen , McKinnell Iain W. , Maddin Hillary C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSutures are fibrous joints that occur between bone elements in vertebrate skulls, where they play a variety of roles including facilitating skull growth and function. In addition, a variety of studies examining sutures from diverse perspectives in many taxa have enabled the determination of anatomical homologs. Surprisingly, one important aspect of sutures—histology—remains unknown in the key model organism of the chicken. To fill this gap in our knowledge, we generated histological sections of six different cranial sutures across a range of developmental stages in embryonic chicken. Despite having a skull that is largely co‐ossified or fused as an adult, we found that the types, components, and ontogeny of sutures in chicken skulls are very similar to sutures in other vertebrates. We did, however, find a new transient stage in the ontogeny of sutures between endochondral bone elements, in which one element has ossified and one was still cartilaginous. Moreover, to better understand the morphogenetic events at the onset of suture formation, we compared the developmental histology of six sutures with that of the space between the two ossification centers of the frontal—a location expected to be void of suture structures. We found that the mesenchymal cells in sutures condense and form a middle vascular layer. This was not found to be the case in the space between the two ossifications of the frontal, where instead only osteoid occurs.
Effects of low‐to‐moderate physical activities on older adults with chronic diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tan Khee Hiang Lynette , Siah Chiew Jiat Rosalind 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimExamined the evidence of low‐to‐moderate‐intensity physical activities to assess the effect in managing hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia conditions among community‐dwelling older adult.BackgroundPhysical activity is recommended for the maintenance and improvement of health. However, high‐intensity physical activity may adversely impact exercise adherence by older adults.DesignThis review was conducted with reference to methods set out in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The PRISMA statement was employed to guide the reporting of the systematic review and meta‐analyses.Data SourcesSeven electronic databases were searched to identify relevant articles that were published in English from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2020.Review MethodThis review included randomised controlled trials and cluster‐randomised controlled trials on interventions of physical activities with low‐to‐moderate intensities compared against usual care without physical activities. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan, with Cochran Q and I2 used for determining heterogeneity. The overall effect was reviewed with z scores.ResultsFifteen randomised controlled trials with 940 total participants were evaluated. Low‐to‐moderate‐intensity physical activity significantly improved systolic blood pressure [Z = 3.59, p = .0003], HbA1C [Z = 2.10, p = .04] and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels [Z = 3.83, p = .0001], compared to usual care. A further subgroup analysis found no significant difference in systolic blood pressure level after three sessions a week as well as after three months. There were insufficient papers to evaluate for both HbA1C and HDL levels.ConclusionRegular physical activity ranging from low‐to‐moderate intensity should be encouraged among older adults with chronic diseases.Relevance for clinical practiceThis review suggested that low‐to‐moderate levels of physical activity could be encouraged among community‐dwelling older adults to improve their physical health.
The Influential Factors of Adherence to Physical Activity and Exercise among Community‐Dwelling Stroke Survivors: A Path Analysis
Authors: Lin Beilei , Zhang Zhenxiang , Mei Yongxia , Liu Lamei , Ping Zhiguang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate the status of physical activity and exercise (PAE) adherence and identify its influential factors among community‐dwelling stroke survivors.BackgroundRegular PAE after stroke is essential for recovery and secondary prevention, while adherence to PAE and its influential factors are rarely studied.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsIn total, 208 stroke survivors (70.25 ± 9.08 years) were randomly selected from three communities. The influential factors of PAE adherence and associations between these variables were explored using multiple linear regression and path analyses. This study adhered to the EQUATOR checklist, STROBE.ResultsThe mean adherence rate was moderate (62.00%), and stroke survivors tended to be more adherent to PAE than monitoring and seeking advice (70.30%>53.50%>48.30%). The regression results revealed that seven factors were significantly associated with PAE adherence, including knowledge, attitude, self‐efficacy, social support, self‐care ability, community rehabilitation experience and times since stroke. Furthermore, the path analysis showed that knowledge had a significant indirect positive influence on adherence with self‐efficacy as a mediator, while attitude and social support impacted both directly and indirectly with self‐efficacy as the mediator. Moreover, self‐efficacy had the most substantial direct effect on community‐dwelling stroke survivors’ PAE adherence. These four variables accounted for a total of 67.00% of the variance in PAE adherence among community‐dwelling stroke survivors.ConclusionsThe PAE adherence of community stroke survivors needs to be improved. Healthcare professionals should develop more effective interventions to promote PAE adherence through enhancing self‐efficacy among this population.Relevance to clinical practice: Adherence to the recommended regimen is the most challenging dimension of stroke physical activity and exercise. This study contributes to exploring status and influential factors of PAE adherence, and self‐efficacy was found to be a significant determinant. The results could be used to inspire future community‐based intervention programs for stroke survivors.