bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the spatial planning dimensions of urban informal food systems in Nanjing, China
Authors: Zhao Luoman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractModern food systems have achieved great success in efficiency and productivity. Long food chains with many food miles and nodes emphasize food processing, packaging, and marketing. These activities have threatened the sustainability of food systems. Many countries have carried out various urban agriculture activities to respond to challenges such as food security issues and climate change. However, small‐scale farming and local food vending that support the lower socioeconomic population groups in China are ignored by legislation and urban planning. This study aims to improve informal food systems by involving informal food production and marketing in spatial planning. In this paper, informal food systems, which refer to the combination of food chains that contain informal activities, are identified based on the Chinese social background. The spatial typologies of production, marketing, and consumption in informal food systems are summarized. Typomorphology is applied to analyze the typology evolution of spaces for informal food systems in the Qinhuai District in Nanjing. The results show that the morphological regions for food production changed more than construction land in 58 superblocks from 2005 to 2019. Agricultural land decreased, and the most common types of change were from fragmented agricultural land (Type P2) to fragmented and temporary arable land (Type P3) to construction land with isolated vegetable plots (Type P4). In this evolution process, the informal food system reflects the deviation between diversified needs in cities and urban planning. A bottom‐up structure is necessary to protect vulnerable groups, especially those involved in small‐scale urban food production.
Suspected spontaneous idiopathic pulmonary pneumo‐haematocele in a dog
Authors: Rochester Alexandra , Gonzalez‐Gasch Esteban , Casamian‐Sorrosal Domingo , Erles Kerstin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old male neutered Rottweiler was presented to the local veterinary practice for ongoing cough of one‐week duration, intermittent retching and haemoptysis. Medical treatment dispensed by the referring veterinarian achieved mild improvement in the cough and resolution of haemoptysis for approximately six weeks.Referral was arranged eight weeks after onset of clinical signs, due to relapse of haemoptysis. Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography of the thoracic cavity revealed a fluid and air‐filled cystic lesion in the right middle lung lobe. Bronchoscopy showed collapse of the right middle bronchus and bronchioles. A right middle lung lobectomy was performed via right intercostal thoracotomy.Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and was discharged from hospital three days afterwards. Long term recovery was excellent, and histology results were consistent with an air‐blood filled bulla, with no evidence of foreign material, abscess or neoplasia. A tentative diagnosis of spontaneous idiopathic pulmonary pneumo‐haematocele was made.
Triple stratification effects on bioconvective stagnation point flow pertaining carbon nanotubes due to induced magnetic field
Authors: Areekara Sujesh , Sabu Alappat Sunny , Kumar Rakesh , Mathew Alphonsa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe bioconvective stagnation point flow involving carbon nanotubes along a lengthening sheet subject to induced magnetic field and multiple stratification effects has been considered for investigation. Relevant similarity formulas are effectuated in converting the modelled equations into a first‐order system of ODEs and are further treated in MATLAB usingODE45and Newton Raphson method. Illustrations on the consequence of effectual parameters on the physical quantities and the flow profiles are achieved with the aid of graphs. It is observed that the nanofluid temperature profile ascends with augmenting volume fraction and Eckert number. The numerical veracity of the present study is displayed through a restrictive study with prior published works and a commendable agreement is noted. Nusselt number is found to elevate with volume fraction and lower with thermal stratification parameter. Moreover, the findings of the present numerical exploration have applications in biomedical imaging, hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, and cancer therapy.
Currents, charges and algebras in exceptional generalised geometry
Authors: Osten David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A classical Ed(d)-invariant Hamiltonian formulation of world-volume theories of half-BPS p-branes in type IIb and eleven-dimensional supergravity is proposed, extending known results to d ≤ 6. It consists of a Hamiltonian, characterised by a generalised metric, and a current algebra constructed s.t. it reproduces the Ed(d) generalised Lie derivative. Ed(d)-covariance necessitates the introduction of so-called charges, specifying the type of p-brane and the choice of section. For p > 2, currents of p-branes are generically non- geometric due to the imposition of U-duality, e.g. the M5-currents contain coordinates associated to the M2-momentum.A derivation of the Ed(d)-invariant current algebra from a canonical Poisson structure is in general not possible. At most, one can derive a current algebra associated to para-Hermitian exceptional geometry.The membrane in the SL(5)-theory is studied in detail. It is shown that in a generalised frame the current algebra is twisted by the generalised fluxes. As a consistency check, the double dimensional reduction from membranes in M-theory to strings in type IIa string theory is performed. Many features generalise to p-branes in SL(p + 3) generalised geometries that form building blocks for the Ed(d)-invariant currents.
New physics in the angular distribution of $$ {B}_c^{-} $$ → J/ψ(→ μ+μ−)τ−(→ π−ντ)$$ {\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$ decay
Authors: Hu Quan-Yi , Li Xin-Qiang , Mu Xiao-Long , Yang Ya-Dong , Zheng Dong-Hui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In $$ {B}_c^{-} $$

B
c
−

→ J/ψ(→ μ+μ−)τ−$$ {\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$

ν
¯

τ

decay, the three-momentum $$ {\boldsymbol{p}}_{\tau^{-}} $$

p

τ
−

cannot be determined accurately due to the decay products of τ− inevitably include an undetected ντ. As a consequence, the angular distribution of this decay cannot be measured. In this work, we construct a measurable angular distribution by considering the subsequent decay τ− → π−ντ. The full cascade decay is $$ {B}_c^{-} $$

B
c
−

→ J/ψ(→ μ+μ−)τ−(→ π−ντ)$$ {\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$

ν
¯

τ

, in which the three-momenta $$ {\boldsymbol{p}}_{\mu^{+}},{\boldsymbol{p}}_{\mu^{-}} $$

p

μ
+

,

p

μ
−

, and $$ {\boldsymbol{p}}_{\pi^{-}} $$

p

π
−

can be measured. The five-fold differential angular distribution containing all Lorentz structures of the new physics (NP) effective operators can be written in terms of twelve angular observables ℐi(q2, Eπ). Integrating over the energy of pion Eπ, we construct twelve normalized angular observables $$ {\hat{\mathrm{\mathcal{I}}}}_i $$

ℐ
̂

i

(q2) and two lepton-flavor-universality ratios $$ R\left({P}_{L,T}^{J/\psi}\right) $$
R

P

L
,
T

J
/
ψ

(q2). Based on the Bc → J/ψ form factors calculated by the latest lattice QCD and sum rule, we predict the q2 distribution of all $$ {\hat{\mathrm{\mathcal{I}}}}_i $$

ℐ
̂

i

and $$ R\left({P}_{L,T}^{J/\psi}\right) $$
R

P

L
,
T

J
/
ψ

both within the Standard Model and in eight NP benchmark points. We find that the benchmark BP2 (corresponding to the hypothesis of tensor operator) has the greatest effect on all ℐi and $$ R\left({P}_{L,T}^{J/\psi}\right) $$
R

P

L
,
T

J
/
ψ

, except $$ {\hat{\mathrm{\mathcal{I}}}}_5 $$

ℐ
̂

5

. The ratios $$ R\left({P}_{L,T}^{J/\psi}\right) $$
R

P

L
,
T

J
/
ψ

are more sensitive to the NP with pseudo-scalar operators than the ℐi. Finally, we discuss the symmetries in the angular observables and present a model-independent method to determine the existence of tensor operators.
Flavorful leptoquarks at the LHC and beyond: spin 1
Authors: Hiller Gudrun , Loose Dennis , Nišandžić Ivan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEvidence for electron-muon universality violation that has been revealed inb→sℓℓtransitions in the observables$$ {R}_{KK^{\ast }} $$RKK∗by the LHCb Collaboration can be explained with spin-1 leptoquarks in SU(2)LsingletV1or tripletV3representations in the$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(1−10) TeV range. We explore the sensitivity of the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and future proton-proton colliders toV1andV3in the parameter space connected to$$ {R}_{KK^{\ast }} $$RKK∗-data. We consider pair production and single production in association with muons in different flavor benchmarks. Reinterpreting a recent ATLAS search for scalar leptoquarks decaying tobμandjμ, we extract improved limits for the leptoquark masses: for gauge boson-type leptoquarks (κ= 1) we obtain$$ {M}_{V_1} $$MV1>1.9 TeV,$$ {M}_{V_1} $$MV1>1.9 TeV, and$$ {M}_{V_1} $$MV1>1.7 TeV for leptoquarks decaying predominantly according to hierarchical, flipped and democratic quark flavor structure, respectively. Future sensitivity projections based on extrapolations of existing ATLAS and CMS searches are worked out. We find that forκ= 1 the mass reach for pair (single) production ofV1can be up to 3 TeV (2.1 TeV) at the HL-LHC and up to 15 TeV (19.9 TeV) at the FCC-hh with$$ \sqrt{s} $$s= 100 TeV and 20 ab−1. The mass limits and reach for the tripletV3are similar or higher, depending on flavor. While there is the exciting possibility that leptoquarks addressing the$$ {R}_{KK^{\ast }} $$RKK∗-anomalies are observed at the LHC, to fully cover the parameter spacepp-collisions beyond the LHC-energies are needed.
Hyers–Ulam Stability for Cayley Quantum Equations and Its Application to h-Difference Equations
Authors: Anderson Douglas R. , Onitsuka Masakazu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to clarify the Hyers–Ulam stability (HUS) for the Cayley quantum equation. In addition, the result obtained for all parameters is applied to HUS ofh-difference equations with a specific variable coefficient using a new transformation.
Metaplectic representations of Hecke algebras, Weyl group actions, and associated polynomials
Authors: Sahi Siddhartha , Stokman Jasper V. , Venkateswaran Vidya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe construct a family of representations of affine Hecke algebras, which depend on a number of auxiliary parameters$$g_i$$gi, and which we refer to asmetaplecticrepresentations. We realize these representations as quotients of certain parabolically induced modules, and we apply the method of Baxterization (localization) to obtain actions of corresponding Weyl groups on rational functions on the torus. Our construction both generalizes and provides a conceptual proof of earlier results of Chinta, Gunnells, and Puskas, which had depended on a crucial computer verification. A key motivation is that when the parameters$$g_i$$giare specialized to certain Gauss sums, the resulting representation and its localization arise naturally in the consideration ofp-parts of Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series. In this special case, similar results have been previously obtained in the literature by the study of Iwahori Whittaker functions for principal series of metaplectic covers of reductivep-adic groups. However this technique is not available for generic parameters$$g_i$$gi. It turns out that the metaplectic representations can be extended to the double affine Hecke algebra, where they share many important properties with Cherednik’s basic polynomial representation, which they generalize. This allows us to introduce families of metaplectic polynomials, which depend on the$$g_i$$gi, and which generalize Macdonald polynomials. In this paper we discuss in some detail the situation for typeA, which is of considerable interest in algebraic combinatorics. We postpone some of the proofs, as well as a discussion of other types, to the sequel.
Calibration and validation of predicted genomic breeding values in an advanced cycle maize population
Authors: Auinger Hans-Jürgen , Lehermeier Christina , Gianola Daniel , Mayer Manfred , Melchinger Albrecht E. , da Silva Sofia , Knaak Carsten , Ouzunova Milena , Schön Chris-Carolin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Key message
Model training on data from all selection cycles yielded the highest prediction accuracy by attenuating specific effects of individual cycles. Expected reliability was a robust predictor of accuracies obtained with different calibration sets.

Abstract
The transition from phenotypic to genome-based selection requires a profound understanding of factors that determine genomic prediction accuracy. We analysed experimental data from a commercial maize breeding programme to investigate if genomic measures can assist in identifying optimal calibration sets for model training. The data set consisted of six contiguous selection cycles comprising testcrosses of 5968 doubled haploid lines genotyped with a minimum of 12,000 SNP markers. We evaluated genomic prediction accuracies in two independent prediction sets in combination with calibration sets differing in sample size and genomic measures (effective sample size, average maximum kinship, expected reliability, number of common polymorphic SNPs and linkage phase similarity). Our results indicate that across selection cycles prediction accuracies were as high as 0.57 for grain dry matter yield and 0.76 for grain dry matter content. Including data from all selection cycles in model training yielded the best results because interactions between calibration and prediction sets as well as the effects of different testers and specific years were attenuated. Among genomic measures, the expected reliability of genomic breeding values was the best predictor of empirical accuracies obtained with different calibration sets. For grain yield, a large difference between expected and empirical reliability was observed in one prediction set. We propose to use this difference as guidance for determining the weight phenotypic data of a given selection cycle should receive in model retraining and for selection when both genomic breeding values and phenotypes are available.
In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities with polyphenolic profiling of wild cherry, the European larch and sweet chestnut tree bark
Authors: Agarwal Charu , Hofmann Tamás , Vršanská Martina , Schlosserová Nikola , Visi-Rajczi Eszter , Voběrková Stanislava , Pásztory Zoltán 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study is a comparative investigation of antioxidant and antibacterial properties of tree bark extracts of three common European species,Prunus aviumL.,Larix deciduaMill. and Castanea sativaMill. The bioactive compounds present in the bark were recovered in 80% aqueous ethanol using ultrasound as the green extraction method. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was assessed with multiple biochemical assays: total phenol content (TPC) expressed in gallic acid equivalent (GAE), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) expressed in trolox equivalent (TE), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) expressed in ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE). Sweet chestnut bark extract showed the highest antioxidant activity with TPC of 174.25 ± 16.95 mg GAE/g dry weight, DPPH (IC50) of 2.69 ± 0.03 μg/mL, ABTS of 739.65 ± 24.41 mg TE/g dry weight and FRAP of 207.49 ± 3.62 mg AAE/g dry weight. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated by disk diffusion test, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay and bacterial growth curves. Sweet chestnut bark extract gave IC50values of 0.25 mg/mL and 1.00 mg/mL againstE. coliandS. aureus, respectively. The polyphenolic profiling of the bark extracts was performed to identify the major compounds responsible for the bioactivities using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). The bark extracts were rich in natural antioxidants, thus holding tremendous potential for use as natural additives in food industry.Graphic abstract
“BreaThink”: breathing affects production and perception of quantities
Authors: Belli Francesco , Felisatti Arianna , Fischer Martin H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCognition is shaped by signals from outside and within the body. Following recent evidence of interoceptive signals modulating higher-level cognition, we examined whether breathing changes the production and perception of quantities. In Experiment 1, 22 adults verbally produced on average larger random numbers after inhaling than after exhaling. In Experiment 2, 24 further adults estimated the numerosity of dot patterns that were briefly shown after either inhaling or exhaling. Again, we obtained on average larger responses following inhalation than exhalation. These converging results extend models of situated cognition according to which higher-level cognition is sensitive to transient interoceptive states.
Phase I/II clinical trial of adoptive cell transfer of sorted specific T cells for metastatic melanoma patients
Authors: Dréno Brigitte , Khammari Amir , Fortun Agnès , Vignard Virginie , Saiagh Soraya , Beauvais Tiffany , Jouand Nicolas , Bercegay Sylvain , Simon Sylvain , Lang François , Labarrière Nathalie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdoptive cell transfer (ACT) of tumor-specific T lymphocytes represents a relevant therapeutic strategy to treat metastatic melanoma patients. Ideal T-cells should combine tumor specificity and reactivity with survival in vivo, while avoiding autoimmune side effects. Here we report results from a Phase I/II clinical trial (NCT02424916, performed between 2015 and 2018) in which 6 metastatic HLA-A2 melanoma patients received autologous antigen-specific T-cells produced from PBMC, after peptide stimulation in vitro, followed by sorting with HLA-peptide multimers and amplification. Each patient received a combination of Melan-A and MELOE-1 polyclonal specific T-cells, whose specificity and anti-tumor reactivity were checked prior to injection, with subcutaneous IL-2. Transferred T-cells were also characterized in terms of functional avidity, diversity and phenotype and their blood persistence was evaluated. An increase in specific T-cells was detected in the blood of all patients at day 1 and progressively disappeared from day 7 onwards. No serious adverse events occurred after this ACT. Clinically, five patients progressed and one patient experienced a partial response following therapy. Melan-A and MELOE-1 specific T-cells infused to this patient were diverse, of high avidity, with a high proportion of T lymphocytes co-expressing PD-1 and TIGIT but few other exhaustion markers. In conclusion, we demonstrated the feasibility and safety of ACT with multimer-sorted Melan-A and MELOE-1 specific T cells to metastatic melanoma patients. The clinical efficacy of such therapeutic strategy could be further enhanced by the selection of highly reactive T-cells, based on PD-1 and TIGIT co-expression, and a combination with ICI, such as anti-PD-1.
Optimising breast cancer screening reading: blinding the second reader to the first reader’s decisions
Authors: Cooper Jennifer A. , Jenkinson David , Stinton Chris , Wallis Matthew G. , Hudson Sue , Taylor-Phillips Sian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
In breast cancer screening, two readers separately examine each woman’s mammograms for signs of cancer. We examined whether preventing the two readers from seeing each other’s decisions (blinding) affects behaviour and outcomes.

Methods
This cohort study used data from the CO-OPS breast-screening trial (1,119,191 women from 43 screening centres in England) where all discrepant readings were arbitrated. Multilevel models were fitted using Markov chain Monte Carlo to measure whether reader 2 conformed to the decisions of reader 1 when they were not blinded, and the effect of blinding on overall rates of recall for further tests and cancer detection. Differences in positive predictive value (PPV) were assessed using Pearson’s chi-squared test.

Results
When reader 1 recalls, the probability of reader 2 also recalling was higher when not blinded than when blinded, suggesting readers may be influenced by the other’s decision. Overall, women were less likely to be recalled when reader 2 was blinded (OR 0.923; 95% credible interval 0.864, 0.986), with no clear pattern in cancer detection rate (OR 1.029; 95% credible interval 0.970, 1.089; Bayesian p value 0.832). PPV was 22.1% for blinded versus 20.6% for not blinded (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that when not blinded, reader 2 is influenced by reader 1’s decisions to recall (alliterative bias) which would result in bypassing arbitration and negate some of the benefits of double-reading. We found a relationship between blinding the second reader and slightly higher PPV of breast cancer screening, although this analysis may be confounded by other centre characteristics.

Key Points
• In Europe, it is recommended that breast screening mammograms are analysed by two readers but there is little evidence on the effect of ‘blinding’ the readers so they cannot see each other’s decisions.
• We found evidence that when the second reader is not blinded, they are more likely to agree with a recall decision from the first reader and less likely to make an independent judgement (alliterative error). This may reduce overall accuracy through bypassing arbitration.
• This observational study suggests an association between blinding the second reader and higher positive predictive value of screening, but this may be confounded by centre characteristics.
Local anomaly detection in hybrid rocket combustion tests
Authors: Rüttgers A. ,  Petrarolo A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLocal anomaly detection was applied to image data of hybrid rocket combustion tests for a better understanding of the complex flow phenomena. Novel techniques such as hybrid rockets that allow for cost reductions of space transport vehicles are of high importance in space flight. However, the combustion process in hybrid rocket engines is still a matter of ongoing research and not fully understood yet. Since 2013, combustion tests with different paraffin-based fuels have been performed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the whole process has been recorded with a high-speed video camera. This has led to a huge amount of images for each test that needs to be automatically analyzed. In order to catch specific flow phenomena appearing during the combustion, potential anomalies have been detected by local outlier factor (LOF), an algorithm for local outlier detection. The choice of this particular algorithm is justified by a comparison with other established anomaly detection algorithms. Furthermore, a detailed investigation of different distance measures and an investigation of the hyperparameter choice in the LOF algorithm have been performed. As a result, valuable insights into the main phenomena appearing during the combustion of liquefying hybrid rocket fuels are obtained. In particular, fuel droplets entrained into the oxidizer flow and burning over the flame are clearly identified as outliers with respect to the main combustion process.
Graphic abstract