bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kerr metric Killing bundles
Authors: Pugliese D. , Quevedo H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe provide a complete characterization of the metric Killing bundles (or metric bundles) of the Kerr geometry. Metric bundles can be generally defined for axially symmetric spacetimes with Killing horizons and, for the case of Kerr geometries, are sets of black holes (BHs) or black holes and naked singularities (NSs) geometries. Each metric of a bundle has an equal limiting photon (orbital) frequency, which defines the bundle and coincides with the frequency of a Killing horizon in the extended plane. In this plane each bundle is represented as a curve tangent to the curve that represents the horizons, which thus emerge as the envelope surfaces of the metric bundles. We show that the horizons frequency can be used to establish a connection between BHs and NSs, providing an alternative representation of such spacetimes in the extended plane and an alternative definition of the BH horizons. We introduce the concept of inner horizon confinement and horizons replicas and study the possibility of detecting their frequencies. We study the bundle characteristic frequencies constraining the inner horizon confinement in the outer region of the plane i.e. the possibility of detect frequency related to the inner horizon, and the horizons replicas, structures which may be detectable for example from the emission spectra of BHs spacetimes. With the replicas we prove the existence of photon orbits with equal orbital frequency of the horizons. It is shown that such observations can be performed close to the rotation axis of the Kerr geometry, depending on the BH spin. We argue that these results could be used to further investigate black holes and their thermodynamic properties.
Polynomial duality-symmetric lagrangians for free p-forms
Authors: Bansal Sukruti , Evnin Oleg , Mkrtchyan Karapet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe explore the properties of polynomial Lagrangians for chiralp-forms previously proposed by the last named author, and in particular, provide a self-contained treatment of the symmetries and equations of motion that shows a great economy and simplicity of this formalism. We further use analogous techniques to construct polynomial democratic Lagrangians for generalp-forms where electric and magnetic potentials appear on equal footing as explicit dynamical variables. Due to our reliance on the differential form notation, the construction is compact and universally valid for forms of all ranks, in any number of dimensions.
Effect of γ-radiation on magneto-thermoelectric properties of the extruded samples of Bi85Sb15〈Te〉 solid solution
Authors: Abdullayeva I. A. , Abdinova G. D. , Tagiyev M. M. , Samedov O. A. 
Published: March 2021

Extruded samples of [Formula: see text] solid solutions doped with 0.0005 at.% Te were obtained and the electrical conductivity [Formula: see text], thermoelectric power (Seebeck) [Formula: see text], Hall [Formula: see text] and thermal conductivity [Formula: see text] coefficients were investigated in the range [Formula: see text]–300 K samples and magnetic field strength up to [Formula: see text] A/m, as annealed after extrusion, non-irradiated with gamma-quanta and the same samples irradiated with gamma quanta at different doses. It was found that at low doses (1 Mrad) of irradiation, radiation defects (RDs) appear in the samples which play the role of donor centers, as a result of which the concentration of free electrons [Formula: see text], and, consequently the electrical conductivity [Formula: see text] increases, and the Seebeck coefficient [Formula: see text] decreases. These defects, scattering the current carriers, reduce their mobility [Formula: see text]. With an increase in the radiation dose, the concentration of defects also increases and free carriers are captured at the level of the RD. In this regard, the concentration of charged carrier defects [Formula: see text] and, consequently, [Formula: see text] of the sample decrease, while the Seebeck coefficient and mobility increase. The effect of a magnetic field on the electrical and thermal parameters of extruded solid solution samples also depends on the radiation dose in the sample.
Sense Your Power
Authors: Rottleuthner Michel , Schmidt Thomas C. , Wählisch Matthias 
Published: March 2021

Energy-constrained sensor nodes can adaptively optimize their energy consumption if a continuous measurement is provided. This is of particular importance in scenarios of high dynamics such as with energy harvesting. Still, self-measuring of power consumption at reasonable cost and complexity is unavailable as a generic system service.
In this article, we present ECO, a hardware-software co-design that adds autonomous energy management capabilities to a large class of low-end IoT devices. ECO consists of a highly portable hardware shield built from inexpensive commodity components and software integrated into the RIOT operating system. RIOT supports more than 200 popular microcontrollers. Leveraging this flexibility, we assembled a variety of sensor nodes to evaluate key performance properties for different device classes. An overview and comparison with related work shows how ECO fills the gap of in situ power attribution transparently for consumers and how it improves over existing solutions. We also report about two different real-world field trials, which validate our solution for long-term production use.
Genomic Context Differs Between Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Puckelwartz Megan J. , Pesce Lorenzo L. , Dellefave‐Castillo Lisa M. , Wheeler Matthew T. , Pottinger Tess D. , Robinson Avery C. , Kearns Samuel D. , Gacita Anthony M. , Schoppen Zachary J. , Pan Wenyu , Kim Gene , Wilcox Jane E. , Anderson Allen S. , Ashley Euan A. , Day Sharlene M. , Cappola Thomas , Dorn Gerald W. , McNally Elizabeth M. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Inherited cardiomyopathies display variable penetrance and expression, and a component of phenotypic variation is genetically determined. To evaluate the genetic contribution to this variable expression, we compared protein coding variation in the genomes of those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Methods and Results
Nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) were ascertained using whole genome sequencing from familial cases of HCM (n=56) or DCM (n=70) and correlated with echocardiographic information. Focusing on nsSNVs in 102 genes linked to inherited cardiomyopathies, we correlated the number of nsSNVs per person with left ventricular measurements. Principal component analysis and generalized linear models were applied to identify the probability of cardiomyopathy type as it related to the number of nsSNVs in cardiomyopathy genes. The probability of having DCM significantly increased as the number of cardiomyopathy gene nsSNVs per person increased. The increase in nsSNVs in cardiomyopathy genes significantly associated with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and increased left ventricular diameter for individuals carrying a DCM diagnosis, but not for those with HCM. Resampling was used to identify genes with aberrant cumulative allele frequencies, identifying potential modifier genes for cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions
Participants with DCM had more nsSNVs per person in cardiomyopathy genes than participants with HCM. The nsSNV burden in cardiomyopathy genes did not correlate with the probability or manifestation of left ventricular measures in HCM. These findings support the concept that increased variation in cardiomyopathy genes creates a genetic background that predisposes to DCM and increased disease severity.
Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ’s Isagoge: An Edition of the Arabic Text with an English Translation
Authors: Ighbariah Ahmad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article treats one of the first philosophical texts translated into Arabic, Porphyry’s (d. 305 CE) Isagoge, which was translated by Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ (d. ca. 139/756). The Isagoge is part of a collection referred to in the Syriac tradition as “the four books,” also including three Aristotelian treatises on logic, Categories, On Interpretation, and Prior Analytics. This collection of texts was translated into Arabic before translating became an established profession in the Abbasid caliphate, causing difficulties to read and understand it properly. The texts were published by Danishpazhuh in 1978, leaving numerous errors and inaccuracies in the edition. After an introduction to the context and the content of the text, a new edition of the Isagoge is presented here alongside an English translation, followed by a comparison of technical terms used by Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ with those used by al-Dimashqī dating from the early fourth/tenth century.
Vegetation restoration projects intensify intraregional water recycling processes in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Northern China
Authors: Wang Xuejin , Zhang Baoqing , Li Feng , Li Xiang , Li Xuliang , Wang Yibo , Shao Rui , Tian Jie , He Chansheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFrom 1998 to the present, the Chinese government has implemented numerous large-scale ecological programs to restore ecosystems and improve environmental protection in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Northern China (APENC). However, it remains unclear how vegetation restoration modulates intraregional moisture cycles and changes regional water balance. To fill this gap, we first investigated the variation in precipitation (P) from the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset and evapotranspiration (ET) estimated using the Priestly-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory model under two scenarios: dynamic vegetation (DV) and no dynamic vegetation (no-DV). We then used the dynamic recycling model to analyze the changes in precipitation recycling ratio (PRR). Finally, we examined how vegetation restoration modulates intraregional moisture recycling to change the regional water cycle in APENC. Results indicate P increased at an average rate of 4.42 mm yr-2 from 1995 to 2015. ET with DV exhibited a significant increase at a rate of 1.57, 3.58, 1.53, and 1.84 mm yr-2 in the four subregions, respectively, compared with no-DV, and the annual mean PRR values were 10.15%, 9.30%, 11.01%, and 12.76% in the four subregions, and significant increasing trends were found in the APENC during 1995-2015. Further analysis of regional moisture recycling shows that vegetation restoration does not increase local P directly, but has an indirect effect by enhancing moisture recycling process to produce more P by increasing PRR. Our findings show that large-scale ecological restoration programs have a positive effect on local moisture cycle and precipitation.
Identification of Sarcopenia in Elderly Trauma Patients: The Value of Clinical Competency and Experience
Authors: Proksch Daisy M. , Kelley Katherine M. , White Sasha , Burgess Jessica R. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction There is currently no standard definition of sarcopenia, which has often been associated with frailty. A commonly cited surrogate measure of sarcopenia is psoas muscle size. The purpose of this prospective study is to assess medical providers’ capabilities to identify frail elderly trauma patients and consequent impact on outcomes after intensive care unit admission. Methods Trauma intensive care unit patients over the age of 50 were enrolled. A preadmission functional status questionnaire was completed on admission. Attendings, residents, and nurses, blinded to their patient’s sarcopenic status, completed surveys regarding 6-month prognosis. Chart review included cross-sectional psoas area measurements on computerized tomography scan. Finally, patients received phone calls 3 and 6 months after admission to determine overall health and functional status. Results Seventy-six participants had an average age of 70 years and a corrected psoas area of 383 ± 101 mm2/m2. Injury Severity Score distribution (17.2 ± 8.9) was similar for both groups. Patients also had similar preinjury activities of daily living. Both groups had similar hospital courses. While sarcopenic patients were less likely to be predicted to survive to 6 months (60% vs. 76%, P = 0.017), their actual 6-month mortality was similar (22% vs. 21%, P = 0.915). Conclusion Despite similar objective measures of preadmission health and trauma injury severity, medical providers were able to recognize frail patients and predicted they would have worse outcomes. Interestingly, sarcopenic patients had similar outcomes to the control group. Additional studies are needed to further delineate factors influencing provider insight into functional reserves of elderly trauma patients.
Willingness and concerns of transfusion-dependent hematological patients toward the option of home transfusion therapy
Authors: Barki-Harrington Liza , Baron-Epel Orna , Shaulov Adir , Akria Luiza , Barshay Yossef , Dally Najib , Deshet Dana , Inbar Tsofia , Koren-Michowitz Maya , Leiba Merav , Moshe Yakir , Shvidel Lev , Tadmor Tamar , Yagenah Shai , Zektser Miri , Preis Meir , Hellman Ilana , Yahalom Vered , Aviv Ariel 
Published: March 2021

Background: One of the main obstacles of providing home-based palliative care to transfusion-dependent hematology patients is the lack of home transfusions services. While healthcare professionals are concerned with safety and cost of home transfusions, the attitude of the patients toward home transfusions are mostly unknown. Aim: To obtain quantitative data regarding the willingness and concerns of transfusion-dependent patients with hematological diseases toward the option of home transfusions. Design: A cross sectional survey including a self-administered questionnaire in one of the three main spoken languages in Israel was administered to patients in 17 hospital hematology outpatient clinics between May 2019 and March 2020. Results: About 52% of 385 patients that participated in the survey preferred home transfusions to hospital transfusions. Gender, age, education, or type of disease were not associated with preference for home transfusions, nor were hospital location or its size. The likelihood to prefer home transfusions was significantly higher among the Hebrew-speakers and those who had not experienced adverse effects previously. The most significant factor associated with preference of home transfusions was a perceived negative effect of hospital-based transfusion on quality of life. The main reason to reject home transfusions was fear of possible adverse effects and concerns over losing contact with the medical staff at the treating hospital. Conclusion: These data suggest that a significant portion of transfusion-dependent patients in Israel view home transfusions as a preferred treatment option and that its successful implementation requires maintaining ongoing contact with the treating hospital.
Diagnostic performance of T2-weighted imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MRI for predicting metastatic axillary lymph nodes in T1 and T2 stage breast cancer
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Luo Hongbing , Wang Chunhua , Chen Xiaoyu , Wang Min , Zhou Peng , Ren Jing 
Published: March 2021

Background Non-invasive modalities for assessing axillary lymph node (ALN) are needed in clinical practice. Purpose To investigate the suspicious ALN on unenhanced T2-weighted (T2W) imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM DWI) for predicting ALN metastases (ALNM) in patients with T1–T2 stage breast cancer and clinically negative ALN. Material and Methods Two radiologists identified the most suspicious ALN or the largest ALN in negative axilla by T2W imaging features, including short axis (Size-S), long axis (Size-L)/S ratio, fatty hilum, margin, and signal intensity on T2W imaging. The IVIM parameters of these selected ALNs were also obtained. The Mann–Whitney U test or t-test was used to compare the metastatic and non-metastatic ALN groups. Finally, logistic regression analysis with T2W imaging and IVIM features for predicting ALNM was conducted. Results This study included 49 patients with metastatic ALNs and 50 patients with non-metastatic ALNs. Using the above conventional features on T2W imaging, the sensitivity and specificity in predicting ALNM were not high. Compared with non-metastatic ALNs, metastatic ALNs had lower pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*) ( P = 0.043). Logistic regression analysis showed that the most useful features for predicting ALNM were signal intensity and D*. The sensitivity and specificity predicting ALNM that satisfied abnormal signal intensity and lower D* were 73.5% and 84%, respectively. Conclusions The abnormal signal intensity on T2W imaging and one IVIM feature (D*) were significantly associated with ALNM, with sensitivity of 73.5% and specificity of 84%.
Venous stent versus conventional stent for the treatment of central vein obstruction in hemodialysis patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Akkakrisee Surasit , Hongsakul Keerati 
Published: March 2021

Background Endovascular treatment is a first-line treatment for upper thoracic central vein obstruction (CVO). Few studies using bare venous stents (BVS) in CVO have been conducted. Purpose To evaluate the treatment performance of upper thoracic central vein stenosis between BVS and conventional bare stent (CBS) in hemodialysis patients. Methods Hemodialysis patients with upper thoracic central vein obstruction who underwent endovascular treatment at the interventional unit of our institution from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018 were enrolled in the present study. CBS was used to treat central vein obstruction in 43 patients and BVS in 34 patients. We compared the primary patency rates and complications between the two stent types. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The patient demographic data between the CBS and BVS groups were similar. The characteristics of the lesions, procedures, and complications were not significantly different between the two groups ( P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences of primary patency rates at three and six months between the BVS and CBS groups (94.1% vs. 86.0% and 73.5% vs. 58.1%, respectively; P > 0.05). The primary patency rate at 12 months in the BVS group was significantly higher than that in the CBS group (61.8% vs. 32.6%; P = 0.008). Conclusion Endovascular treatment of central vein obstruction with BVS provided a higher primary patency rate at 12 months than CBS.
Corneal transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic: An operational guide
Authors: Franch Antonella , Fasolo Adriano , Carraro Paolo , Favarato Mosè , Birattari Federica , Leon Pia E , Ponzin Diego 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To provide an operational guide for corneal transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to maintain surgery and avoid spreading of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Prospective observational case series study in patients requiring corneal graft manage toward separate free and restricted pathways for those COVID-19 negative or positive, respectively. Results: During the national lockdown, 30 consecutive patients underwent endothelial ( n = 16), penetrating ( n = 9), and anterior lamellar keratoplasty ( n = 5). Two patients followed the COVID-19 restricted pathway, as they were considered positive while waiting for test results. Nine patients were hospitalized one night in the hospital. On admission to the hospital before surgery, at surgery, the day after surgery and at 7 and 30 days all patients and health-care personnel showed no symptoms and resulted negative at risks factors/exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and occurrence of COVID-19. Nucleic acid testing resulted not detectable in all patients and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies quantification showed IgG and IgM below the positive predicted value in 29 patients. One patient showed IgM above the cut-off of significance (1.21 and 1.03 preoperative and 1-month postoperative, respectively) that were considered irrelevant because of the absence of symptoms and exposure risks. Conclusions: The concept of donor emergency (i.e. short-term availability of transplant tissues), makes corneal transplantation an always-urgent activity because it is related to the availability of the corneal tissue from a donor. Modest adjustments to ophthalmic clinic and eye surgery organization are required to maintain surgery and care of eye patients in a safe environment.
Pre-hospital administration of tranexamic acid in trauma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alhenaki Abdulrahman M , Ali Ayesha S , Kadir Bryar , Ahmed Zubair 
Published: March 2021

Background The Clinical Randomization of an Antifibrinolytic in Significant Hemorrhage-2 (CRASH-2) trial proved that tranexamic acid (TXA) is a time-dependent drug, having a better outcome if given within 1-hour of injury. In order to test this theory, studies have been conducted to examine the effect of TXA in the pre-hospital setting. We conducted a systematic search and meta-analysis to evaluate the role of TXA administration in the civilian pre-hospital setting on patient outcomes. Methods Embase, Medline, CINAHL and Cochrane were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs), retrospective, and prospective studies that examined the effect of TXA on patients in the pre-hospital setting versus a control group. Outcome measures were overall mortality rate and thromboembolic events. Two authors extracted the data independently. To appraise the included studies, we used the NIH quality assessment tool for cohort and cross-sectional studies. Results are presented as Risk Ratio (RR), a random-effect model was implemented, and the I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity. Results The search identified 1886 papers, but only five retrospective studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were selected for further analysis. A meta-analysis confirmed that TXA reduced the overall mortality rate (pooled risk ratio of 0.74 (95% CI 0.45, 1.25)) and thromboembolic events (risk ratio of 0.71 (95% CI 0.35, 1.44)). Conclusion The pooled effects for both outcome measures favour the administration of TXA in the pre-hospital setting, although none of the findings reported a significant effect. Our study highlights the need for additional high-quality evidence to validate the significance of these findings. Level of evidence Level III, therapeutic study.
In the Desire of Conquering East African Supermarket Business: What Went Wrong in Nakumatt Supermarket
Authors: Nandonde Felix Adamu 
Published: March 2021

By October 2017, the East African Community’s (EAC) largest retailer was declared bankrupt. All stores within and outside Kenya, namely Rwanda, Uganda, and Tanzania were closed. Many suppliers in EAC took the retail company to court after having suffered huge losses. Some few suppliers looted the stores with the aim of compensating themselves for the incurred losses. Simply put, Nakumatt’s reputation was in the mire and the company headed for a total collapse. Everyone in the region was asking himself/herself, what might have gone wrong to Nakumatt supermarket. In general, the current case is a lesson that sheds light on the rise and collapse of one of the largest household names of retail stores in EAC.