bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical observation and dermoscopy evaluation of fractional CO2 laser combined with topical tranexamic acid in melasma treatments
Authors: Qu Yan , Wang Fengjuan , Liu Junru , Xia Xiujuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is an acquired refractory pigmentary disorder, which is a skin disease that predominantly affects females. This investigation aims to assess the efficacy of a low‐power fractional CO2 laser combined with tranexamic acid (TXA) for melasma topical treatment with MASI and dermoscopy.Materials and MethodsA randomized comparative split‐face study was performed. Each treatment interval was 3 weeks with four times in total. At the same time, we applied TXA solution twice a day. Assessments were made by the MASI score of the melasma area severity index, and the dermoscopy performance was collected and analyzed.ResultsAfter treatments, the patient MASI score decreased significantly. Compared with the baseline, the MASI score was significantly lower than that of control group (P < .05), and the decrease ratio was higher than that of controls. Dermoscopy examination results verified that all lesions performed reticuloglobular pattern, granular, or punctate, with no structural pigmentation and obvious capillary dilation. After comprehensive treatments, the pigmentation area displayed lighter chroma, the follicle pore uniformity was completely improved, and the capillary dilation was significantly reduced.ConclusionsLow‐power fractional CO2 laser combined with topical TXA solution is a comparatively effective and safe method for melasma treatment. TXA could reduce the dilation of blood vessels.
The realities of practice change: Nurses' perceptions
Authors: Arsenault Knudsen Élise N. , King Barbara J. , Steege Linsey M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore registered nurses' perceptions of practice change and describe factors that influence the adoption of practice changes.BackgroundNurses play a critical role in optimising patient outcomes. Healthcare organisations and nurses must do their part to achieve the Quadruple Aim, which requires nurses to change their practice. Nurses are ideally positioned to improve patient outcomes by changing their practice to align it with research evidence and organisational initiatives; however, this experience of practice change by nurses is grossly under‐studied.DesignA qualitative design, inductive content analysis, was used to understand nurses' perceptions of practice change.MethodsEleven registered nurses, who worked in one hospital system, participated in one‐on‐one semi‐structured interviews. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) were followed.FindingsThe 11 participants described 63 distinct experiences with practice changes. Their experiences with and perceptions of practice change are categorised as (1) There is A History; (2) It's A Lot of Work; (3) It Happens to Nurses; and (4) Doing Right for the Patient.ConclusionNurses experience practice change as a central part of the work they do; it occurs frequently and multiple practice changes may co‐occur. Nurses identify strategies, such as thoughtful planning, engaging nurses, and communicating the rationale for and the outcomes of the practice change, to facilitate changing practice.Relevance to Clinical PracticeInvolving nurses in practice changes could alleviate some inhibiting factors for adopting new practices. Local hospital and national policies should explore creative and practical ways to balance the competing needs of nurses providing direct care at the bedside and dedicated time to be engaged in practice change initiatives. With the ongoing focus on improving patient care and optimising patient safety, nurses should be viewed as highly valued members of the team when designing and implementing practice changes.
Multimodal perioperative pain protocol for gynecologic laparotomy is associated with reduced hospital length of stay
Authors: Mattson Jordan , Thayer MacKenzie , Mott Sarah L. , Lyons Yasmin A. , Hardy‐Fairbanks Abbey , Hill Emily K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe primary objective was to evaluate the impact of a multimodal perioperative pain regimen on length of hospital stay for patients undergoing laparotomy with a gynecologic oncologist.MethodsWe compared 52 patients who underwent laparotomy with a gynecologic oncologist at a single institution between 2017 and 2018, after implementation of a multimodal perioperative pain regimen, to a historic cohort of 94 patients (2016–2017). The multimodal pain regimen included pre‐ and post‐operative administration of oral acetaminophen, gabapentin, and celecoxib, in addition to standard narcotics and optional epidural analgesia. Demographic, surgical, and post‐operative data were collected.ResultsOn multivariable analysis, bowel resection, stage, surgery length, age, and cohort group were retained as significant independent predictors of length of stay. Patients undergoing laparotomy prior to the pain protocol had a length of stay 1.26 times longer than patients during the post‐implementation period (p < 0.01). For complex surgical patients, this translated into a reduction in length of hospital stay of 1.73 days. There was a significant reduction in pain scale score on post‐operative day zero from 5 to 3 (p = 0.02) and a non‐significant overall reduction of post‐operative morphine equivalents, with similar adverse outcomes.ConclusionImplementation of a multimodal perioperative pain regimen in patients undergoing gynecologic oncology laparotomy was associated with a significant reduction of length of hospital stay and improved patient‐perceived pain, even in the absence of a complete Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol.
Chest pain mimicking pulmonary embolism may be a common presentation of COVID‐19 in ambulant patients without other typical features of infection
Authors: Harrison S. R. , Klassen J. R. L. , Bridgewood C. , Scarsbrook A. , Marzo‐Ortega H. , McGonagle D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundRadiological and pathological studies in severe COVID‐19 pneumonia (SARS‐CoV‐2) have demonstrated extensive pulmonary immunovascular thrombosis and infarction. This study investigated whether these focal changes may present with chest pain mimicking pulmonary emoblism (PE) in ambulant patients.MethodsCTPAs from outpatients presenting with chest pain to Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust 1st March to 31 May 2020 (n = 146) and 2019 (n = 85) were compared. Regions of focal ground glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and/or atelectasis (parenchymal changes) were determined, and all scans were scored using British Society for Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) criteria for COVID‐19, and the 2020 cohort was offered SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody testing.ResultsBaseline demographic and clinical data were similar between groups with absence of fever, normal lymphocytes and marginally elevated CRP and D‐Dimer values. Evidence of COVID‐19 or parenchymal changes was observed in 32.9% (48/146) of cases in 2020 compared to 16.5% (14/85) in 2019 (P = 0.007). 11/146 (7.5%) patients met BSTI criteria for COVID‐19 in 2020 compared with 0/14 in 2019 (P = 0.008). 3/39 patients tested had detectable COVID‐19 antibodies (2 with parenchymal changes and 1 with normal parenchyma) however 0/6 patients whose CTPA met BSTI criteria “likely/suspicious for COVID‐19” and attended antibody testing were SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody positive.Conclusions32.8% ambulatory patients with suspected PE in 2020 had parenchymal changes with 7.5% diagnosed as COVID‐19 infection by imaging criteria, despite the absence of other COVID‐19 symptoms. These findings suggest that localized COVID‐19 pneumonitis with immunothrombosis occurs distal to the bronchiolar arteriolar circulation, causing pleural irritation and chest pain without viraemia, accounting for the lack of fever and systemic symptoms.
Communities of scholars and communities of practice
Authors: MATHER LYNN 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article is a contribution to the occasional series dealing with a major book that has influenced the author. Previous contributors include Stewart Macaulay, John Griffith, William Twining, Carol Harlow, Geoffrey Bindman, Harry Arthurs, André‐Jean Arnaud, Alan Hunt, Michael Adler, Lawrence O. Gostin, John P. Heinz, Roger Brownsword, Roger Cotterrell, Nicola Lacey, Carol J. Greenhouse, David Garland, Peter Fitzpatrick, and David Nelken.
The (im)possibility of sociolinguistic hybridity: Power and scaling in post‐soviet, transnational life
Authors: Catedral Lydia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper contributes to disentangling hybridity from assumptions about marginality, resistance and the dissolution of boundaries in sociolinguistic scholarship. To do so, it examines how speakers make certain types of hybrid identities (im)possible through their discursive practices of scaling. Focusing on post‐soviet, Central Asian migrants in the United States, I demonstrate how their discourses on ethnolinguistic identity rely on multiple scalar perspectives, which (re)make boundaries in different ways that (dis)allow for hybrid identities to emerge. I show that speakers engage in such discourses in order to navigate their marginal transnational positionings, and that their emergent hybrid identities do not ensure resistance to national norms or transcend categorical boundaries. These empirical observations, I argue, have implications for conceptualizing the relationship between power, marginality and hybrid forms more broadly.
Nano zinc supplementation in goat (Capra hircus) ration improves immunity, serum zinc profile and IGF‐1 hormones without affecting thyroid hormones
Authors: Swain Partha Sarathi , Rao Somu Bala Nageswara , Rajendran Duraisamy , Krishnamoorthy Paramanandham , Mondal Sukanta , Pal Dintaran , Selvaraju Sellapan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe trial was aimed at evaluating probable superiority, if any of nano zinc (NZn) over inorganic zinc (Zn) on immunity, serum minerals and T3, T4, and IGF‐1 hormone profiles in goats. NZn was synthesized by using 0.45 M aqueous solution of Zn nitrate and 0.9 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (average particle size 74 nm). Twenty‐four male goats were grouped into four groups as per their body weight and were supplemented with either a basal diet with concentrate and straw at 50:50 ratio (Negative control, NC) alone or supplemented with 50 mg/kg Zn (Control) from inorganic Zn source, that is ZnO (IZn‐50), 50 mg/kg Zn from NZn (NZn‐50) or 25 mg/kg Zn from NZn (NZn‐25). No change was observed in thyroid hormone status on zero and 90th day of experimental feeding, but NZn supplementation improved (p < 0.05) IGF‐1 level on 90th day serum samples. Zn supplementation improved the humoral immunity in all the groups irrespective of the source. Similarly, cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) measured by skinfold thickness after injecting Con‐A, was also improved in Zn supplemented groups than control at 6, 12 and 48 h of incubation. NZn‐50 animals showed highest HI (haemagglutination inhibition) titre as well as skin thickness. The (cluster of differentiation in %) was more (p < 0.05) in Zn supplemented groups. NZn‐50 showed higher (p < 0.05) count than NC and similar (p > 0.05) to IZn‐50 and NZn‐25 groups without affecting (p > 0.05) the ratio of , among the treatment groups. Thus, NZn supplementation at 25 mg/kg had similar immunity and serum T3, T4 and IGF‐1 profiles compared with IZn at 50 mg/kg dose.
Phylogenomics and biogeography of Wisteria: Implications on plastome evolution among inverted repeat‐lacking clade (IRLC) legumes
Authors: Xia Mao‐Qin , Liao Ren‐Yu , Zhou Jin‐Ting , Lin Han‐Yang , Li Jian‐Hua , Li Pan , Fu Cheng‐Xin , Qiu Ying‐Xiong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe genus Wisteria (Fabaceae) is disjunctly distributed in eastern Asian and eastern North American temperate deciduous forests, and it is widely cultivated around the world as spectacular garden plants. It is a member of inverted repeat‐lacking clade (IRLC). The IRLC Species are characterized by the loss of an IR region in their plastomes, which has long been of great interest. In this research, we report whole plastome sequences from all four Wisteria species and a Wisteriopsis japonica, combining these with existing data to explore phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Wisteria, as well as plastome evolution of IRLC species. Phylogenetic analyses recognized a clade containing Glycyrrhiza–Wisteriopsis–Wisteria as sister to the remaining genera of IRLC. North American Wisteria frutescens and the three Asian species formed reciprocal clades, and Wisteria brachybotrys was sister to Wisteria floribunda and Wisteria sinensis. Wisteria may have originated in Japan near the boundary of the Oligocene and Miocene. The disappearance of Bering Land Bridge in the late Miocene might lead to the Eastern Asian–Eastern North American disjunction of Wisteria. Allopatric speciation of Wisteria between the Japanese archipelago and the Asian continent in the Quaternary increased the species richness of eastern Asia in comparison with eastern North America. Synonymous substitution rates (dS) of protein‐coding genes in the IRLC species were around 2‐fold (SC genes) or 11‐fold (IR genes) higher than those of non‐IRLC species. For both SC and IR genes, herbaceous legumes have around 3‐fold higher dS than woody ones. Both loss of one IR region and herbaceous habit elevated substitution rates of the plastomes.
Gastroesophageal intussusception and extreme esophageal dilatation secondary to bilateral laryngeal paralysis in a cat
Authors: Tayler Sarah , Mullowney Deirdre , Lataretu Alexandru , Plested Mark , Tuan Jayson , Kathrani Aarti 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGastroesophageal intussusception, extreme esophageal dilatation, and laryngeal paralysis are individually rare clinical entities in cats and the simultaneous occurrence in a single animal has not been described. We describe these 3 conditions occurring concurrently in a geriatric cat, and resolution of the cat's clinical signs after treatment with unilateral arytenoid lateralization. This finding supports the need for thorough history taking and examination in cats with extreme esophageal dilatation to determine if upper respiratory tract abnormalities are present, as appropriate treatment might resolve the esophageal dilatation.
Peri‐ictal magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in dogs with suspected idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Nagendran Aran , McConnell James Fraser , De Risio Luisa , José‐López Roberto , Quintana Rodrigo Gutierrez , Robinson Kelsey , Platt Simon R. , Masian Daniel Sanchez , Maddox Thomas , Gonçalves Rita 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe pathophysiology of changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected after a seizure is not fully understood.ObjectiveTo characterize and describe seizure‐induced changes detected by MRI.AnimalsEighty‐one client‐owned dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy.MethodsData collected retrospectively from medical records and included anatomical areas affected, T1‐, T2‐weighted and T2‐FLAIR (fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery) appearance, whether changes were unilateral or bilateral, symmetry, contrast enhancement, mass effect, and, gray and white matter distribution. Diffusion‐ and perfusion weighted maps were evaluated, if available.ResultsSeizure‐induced changes were T2‐hyperintense with no suppression of signal on FLAIR. Lesions were T1‐isointense (55/81) or hypointense (26/81), local mass effect (23/81) and contrast enhancement (12/81). The majority of changes were bilateral (71/81) and symmetrical (69/71). The most common areas affected were the hippocampus (39/81) cingulate gyrus (33/81), hippocampus and piriform lobes (32/81). Distribution analysis suggested concurrence between cingulate gyrus and pulvinar thalamic nuclei, the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus and piriform lobe, and, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. Diffusion (DWI) characteristics were a mixed‐pattern of restricted, facilitated, and normal diffusion. Perfusion (PWI) showed either hypoperfusion (6/9) or hyperperfusion (3/9).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMore areas, than previously reported, have been identified that could incur seizure‐induced changes. Similar to human literature, DWI and PWI changes have been identified that could reflect the underlying metabolic and vascular changes.
The gender wage gap and the early‐career effect: the role of actual experience and education level
Authors: Stokke Hildegunn E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper studies how the gender wage gap develops with work experience throughout the career. The contribution is twofold. First, the analysis applies matched employer‐employee register data with information on actual, rather than potential, experience. Second, the career effect of the gender wage gap is allowed to differ by workers’ education level. The male wage premium is small upon entry to the labor market, whereas it increases rapidly throughout the early career, before stabilizing. In contrast to the existing literature, the estimates reveal heterogeneity among high‐educated workers, where the widening of the wage gap is much smaller for postgraduates than other college graduates.
Comparison of the Murchison CM2 and Allende CV3 chondrites
Authors: Fendrich Kim V. , Ebel Denton S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe size distribution, abundance, and physical and chemical characteristics of chondritic inclusions are key features that define the chondrite groups. We present statistics on the size and abundance of the macroscopic components (inclusions) in the Murchison (CM2) and Allende (CV3) chondrites and measure their general chemical trends using established X‐ray mapping techniques. This study provides a fine‐scale assessment of the two meteorites and a semiquantitative evaluation of the relative abundances of elements and their distribution among meteorite components. Murchison contains 72% matrix and 28% inclusions; Allende contains 57% and 43%, respectively. A broad range of inclusion sizes and relative abundances has been reported for these meteorites, which demonstrates the necessity for a more standardized approach to measuring these characteristics. Nonetheless, the characteristic mean sizes of inclusions in Allende are consistently larger than those in Murchison. We draw two significant conclusions (1) these two meteorites sampled distinct populations of chondrules and refractory inclusions, and (2) complementary Mg/Si ratios between chondrules and matrix are observed in both Murchison and Allende. Both support the idea that chondrules and matrix within each chondrite group originated in single reservoirs of precursors with approximately solar Mg/Si ratios, providing a constraint on astrophysical models of the origin of chondrite parent bodies.
Trajectory and orbit of the unique carbonaceous meteorite Flensburg
Authors: Borovička Jiří , Bettonvil Felix , Baumgarten Gerd , Strunk Jörg , Hankey Mike , Spurný Pavel , Heinlein Dieter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe C1‐ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Flensburg fell in Germany on September 12, 2019, in the daytime. We determined the atmospheric trajectory, velocity, and heliocentric orbit using one dedicated AllSky6 meteor camera and three casual video records of the bolide. It was found that the meteorite originated in the vicinity of the 5:2 resonance with Jupiter at heliocentric distance of 2.82 AU. When combined with the bolide energy reported by the United States government sensors (USGS), the preatmospheric diameter of the meteoroid was estimated to be 2–3 m and the mass to be 10,000–20,000 kg. The meteoroid fragmented heavily in the atmosphere at heights of 46–37 km, under dynamic pressures of 0.7–2 MPa. The recovery of just one meteorite suggests that only a very small part of the original mass reached the ground. The bolide velocity vector was compared with that reported by the USGS. There is good agreement in the radiant but the velocity value has been underestimated by the USGS by almost 1 km s−1.
Sex‐specific spatial variation in fitness in the highly dimorphic Leucadendron rubrum
Authors: Tonnabel Jeanne , Klein Etienne K. , Ronce Ophélie , Oddou‐Muratorio Sylvie , Rousset François , Olivieri Isabelle , Courtiol Alexandre , Mignot Agnès 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSexual dimorphism in plants may emerge as a result of sex‐specific selection on traits enhancing access to nutritive resources and/or to sexual partners. Here we investigated sex‐specific differences in selection of sexually dimorphic traits and in the spatial distribution of effective fecundity (our fitness proxy) in a highly dimorphic dioecious wind‐pollinated shrub, Leucadendron rubrum. In particular, we tested for the effect of density on male and female effective fecundity. We used spatial and genotypic data of parent and offspring cohorts to jointly estimate individual male and female effective fecundity on the one hand and pollen and seed dispersal kernels on the other hand. This methodology was adapted to the case of dioecious species. Explicitly modelling dispersal avoids the confounding effects of heterogeneous spatial distribution of mates and sampled seedlings on the estimation of effective fecundity. We also estimated selection gradients on plant traits while modelling sex‐specific spatial autocorrelation in fecundity. Males exhibited spatial autocorrelation in effective fecundity at a smaller scale than females. A higher local density of plants was associated with lower effective fecundity in males but was not related to female effective fecundity. These results suggest sex‐specific sensitivities to environmental heterogeneity in L. rubrum. Despite these sexual differences, we found directional selection for wider canopies and smaller leaves in both sexes, and no sexually antagonistic selection on strongly dimorphic traits in L. rubrum. Many empirical studies in animals similarly failed to detect sexually antagonistic selection in species expressing strong sexual dimorphism, and we discuss reasons explaining this common pattern.
The change of cardiac axis deviation in catheter ablation of verapamil‐sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Sun Mingyu , Wang Jian , Wang Zulu , Liang Ming , Yang Guitang , Jin Zhiqing , Liang Yanchun , Han Yaling 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe underlying mechanism of verapamil‐sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT) has been postulated to be reentrant activation in the Purkinje fiber network of the left posterior fascicle or the left anterior fascicle (LAF). However, changing of cardiac axis deviation in sinus rhythm (SR) or during ILVT after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has been rarely analyzed.MethodsOf the 232 patients with sustained ILVT induced and surface electrocardiogram (ECG) in SR recorded before and after RFCA, the changes of ECG morphology in SR and during ILVT were analyzed.ResultsThe surface ECG in SR changed in 114 (49.1%) patients after RFCA. ILVT could still be induced in 27 (23.7%) patients. In comparison with the original ILVT, three forms of ECG morphology were observed. In eight patients, the ILVT morphology was unchanged. In the 13 patients with ILVT axis deviation conversion after ablation, the successful target was more proximal. In the six patients with ILVT morphology change but without axis deviation conversion after ablation, the successful ablation site was more distal. Among 15 patients with recurrent ILVT during follow‐up, seven patients had previous axis deviation changes in SR after RFCA, the changes maintained in four patients and recovered in three patients.ConclusionsThe morphology changes on surface ECG in SR after RFCA would not be a necessary prerequisite or a good endpoint for ILVT ablation. To analyze ILVT morphology changes after ablation would help to further clarify an appropriate approach for catheter ablation of ILVT.