bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-assessment of preclinical denture setup using a validated, structured, self-designed questionnaire by undergraduate students
Authors: Koralakunte Pavankumar Ravi , Shamnur Sunitha Naveen , Basavapura Nandeeshwar Doddabasavaiah , Venkatesh Usha G. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Our aim was to determine if students who perform well on an initial preclinical examination are more accurate on self-assessments with successive examination.

Materials and Methods:
This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional survey. Ninety-one 2nd year dental students completed two consecutive preclinical examinations on ideal teeth arrangement and two self-assessments. Self-assessment was done using a validated, structured, self-designed questionnaire named “prosthetic denture setup–self assessment questionnaire.” The examinations involved artificial teeth arrangement in Class I jaw relation on maxillary and mandibular ideal edentulous casts mounted on a mean value articulator simulating the clinical procedure of a complete denture patient. Students' and their instructor's assessments were evaluated separately, and statistical results were obtained using t-test and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient test. Regression analysis was done to predict the student self-assessment and validated self-assessment scores on examination outcomes for both indexed and nonindexed values.

Results:
The results indicated a significant increase in the examination and student self-assessment mean scores. Regression analysis indicated changes in student self-assessment scores, explained 11.9% of the variation in examination scores.

Conclusion:
Improvement in student self-assessment also showed improvement in successive examination assessments among dental students completing a preclinical denture setup procedure.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Medical knowledge, Practice-based learning and improvement, Systems-based practice.
Unmasking the impact of m-learning on medical undergraduates
Authors: Sharma Preksha , Sharma Neha , Sharma Neeru , Sharma Dhruva 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Newer m-learning devices have become an integral part of medical education. Documentation of impact of these m-learning devices on medical education is still conflicting. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of m-learning on medical undergraduates.

Materials and Methods:
After obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval, this descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out among first to fifth semester MBBS undergraduates at a tertiary care teaching hospital. A 31 item prevalidated questionnaire was distributed among respondents and responses were evaluated.

Results:
Two hundred and sixty-six completely filled responses were obtained. Male preponderance was seen. Most of the students spent 2–4 h on mobile phones. 54.51% students had knowledge regarding m-learning. 79.8 students had medical apps on their electronic portable devices. There has been an improvement in the communication skills among respondents due to m-learning. Some disadvantages were also documented in our study which includes distraction from studies and use of other applications.

Conclusion:
The awareness about change in the pattern of learning among medical students from “bench-side” to “web-site” is the need of the hour. Internet connectivity is the major area of concern to be looked upon for better m-learning.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Medical knowledge, Practice-based learning, and Communication skills.
Virtual Determination of Sex
Authors: Agarwal Harish Kumar , Setia Pardaman Singh , Pandey Suryamani 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Radiological imaging plays a pivotal role in forensic anthropology. As have the imaging techniques advances, so have the digital skeletal measurements inched towards precision. Secular trends of the population keep on changing in modern times. Hence, finding the precise technique of bone measurement, with greater reproducibility, in modern population is always needed in making population specific biological profile.

Aim and Objective:
The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of the foramen magnum measurement, obtained by three dimensional multi-detector computed tomography using volume rendering technique with the cut off value of each variable, in sex determination of an individual.

Materials and Methods:
Two metric traits, an antero-posterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD), were measured digitally in an analysis of 130 radiological images having equal proportion of male and female samples. Foramen magnum index and area of foramen magnum (Area by Radinsky's [AR], Area by Teixeira's [AT]) were derived from APD and TD.

Results:
Descriptive statistical analysis, using unpaired t-test, showed significant higher value in males in all the variables. Using Pearson correlation analysis, maximum correlation was observed between area (AT and AR r = 0.999) and between area and TD (AR r = 0.955 and AT r = 0.945 respectively). When used individually, TD had the highest predictive value (67.7%) for sex determination among all the parameters followed by AT (65.4%) and AR (64.6%). Cutoff value of variables TD, AR and AT were 29.9 mm, 841.80 mm2 and 849.70 mm2 respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve predicted male and female sex with 96.2% and 89.2% accuracy respectively. The overall accuracy of the model was 92.7%.

Conclusion:
Measurements from 3D CT using volume rendering technique were precise, and the application of logistic regression analysis predicted the sex with more accuracy.
Behavior of beam on elastic foundation using element free Galerkin method
Authors: Lan H.T.T. 
Published: March 2021

One of mesh free methods, element free Galerkin method, is presented to analyze the finite beam on elastic foundation. The shape functions are constructed by using the moving least square interpolation based on a set of nodes that are arbitrarily distributed in specified domain. Discrete system equations are derived from the variation form of system equations. Numerical examples of finite beam on elastic foundation are given by establishing Matlab code. The results of this paper demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with small errors compared to analytical solutions.
Keywords: mesh free method, element free Galerkin method, moving least square, finite beam, elastic foundation.
Experimental investigation on performance, smoke and exhaust gas analysis of four stroke diesel engine using pongomia/neem oil biodiesel
Authors: Konada Naresh Kumar , Suma K.N.S. , Kumar B.B. Ashok 
Published: March 2021

Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources led to the discovery of alternative fuels forinternal combustion engines. Many alternative fuels like alcohols, petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas have been alreadycommercialized in the transport sector. In the present work, Pongomia oil and Neem oil are blended with diesel and used as analternate fuel for CI engines. The Pongomia oil and Neem oil can be converted into bio diesel using a chemical process of trans- esterification.Different proportions of fuel blends have been produced by the process of blending bio diesel consisting of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% (B10, B15, B20, B25, B30). The fuel properties of each blend are determined. The load test along with smoke and exhaust gas analysis of 4- Stroke Diesel engine using the blends of Pongomia oil and Neem oil with diesel are done in this study. The performance parameters of an engine are calculated for different blends. The sustainability of using alternate fuels in Diesel engines, especially the potential use of Pongomia oil and Neem oil as biodiesel have been brought to the fore through this work and suitable blends of bio diesel is suggested from the results.
Keywords: 4-Stroke Diesel Engine, Pongomia and Neem oil Bo diesel, Performance, Smoke and exhaust gas analysis.
Assessment of Physicochemical and Fatty Acids Composition of Crude Seed Oil Extract of Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. for its potential in Biodiesel Production
Authors: Chomini M.S , Joshua V.I , John A.R , Ishaya M.P 
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the physico-chemical and fatty acids composition of crude seed oil extracts of Azadirachta indica . The main objective was to evaluate some biodiesel characteristics of the crude seed oil extract of Azadirachta indica. The procedures of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were used for assessment of some physical, biochemical, and fatty acids constituents of the test seed oil extract. The physical properties assayed for indicate that the oil is liquid at room temperature, non-drying, with specific gravity, with flash and melting points of 0.910±0.08 g/cm3, 80±2.10°C and 76±1.60°C respectively. The chemical properties included 66.77±2.55 g/100g (iodine value), 1.465±0.07 (refractive index@ 30°C), 212.96±1.16 mgKOH/g (saponification value), 0.39±0.16 meq/Kg (peroxide value), 4.24±0.12 mgKOH/g (acid value), 2.20±0.12 mm2/s (viscosity value), 56.91±2.19 (cetane number), 39.21±1.11 MJ/kg (calorific value) and 2.13±0.05% w/w (free fatty acids). Fatty acids composition of the crude seed oil of A. indica obtained were linoleic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic and alpha linolenic acids, with retention time and % composition of 18.2 min and 10.8±0.50%, 22.2 min and 30.01±1.79%, 18.2 min and 59.10±2.22%, and 20.2 min and 0.09±0.02% respectively. The crude seed oil extract clearly presents a potential as a biodiesel substrate for incorporation as a proximate blend in auto-engines. This therefore would necessitate intensive afforestation efforts of the plant species for sustainable utilization.
Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Biodiesel, physico-chemical, fatty acids, crude seed oil, extracts
Prevalence Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)-Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated From UTI Patients Attending some Selected Hospitals In Minna, Nigeria
Authors: Iseghohi F , Igwe J.C , Galadima M , Kuta A.F , Abdullahi A.M , Chukwunwejim C.R 
Published: March 2021

Globally, urinary tract infections are one of the most common infections in need of urgent clinical attention. The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)- producing Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples of some UTI patients and s of apparently healthy individuals in Minna, Nigeria, is investigated. Standard microbiological techniques were used to conduct this study. A total of 170 catch midstream urine samples submitted to the Medical Microbiology Laboratories of 4 different hospitals (and samples from healthy individuals) were randomly collected for 5 months and examined for microbial growths. Female patients (65.9%) submitted more urine samples for UTI test than their male counterpart (34.1%). The age ranges of 21 -30 (26.5%) and 31 - 40 (25.3%) had the highest percentages of infection rate while those within the ages 1- 10 (3.5%) and ≥ 71 (2.3%) were the least infected. This study observed a prevalence of 23.5% of E. coli in Minna metropolis and a significant number (30%) of healthy individuals (HI) was observed to harbor the E. coli in their urine. The isolates were highly susceptible to Gentamicin (65%), Ofloxacin (65%), Tetracycline (62.5%), Cotrimoxazole (62.5%), and Streptomycin (57.5%). Mildly susceptible to Pefloxacin (37.5%), Chloramphenicol (37.5%), and Ciprofloxacin (35%). There were significant resistance to most of the beta-lactames tested [Cefuroxime (80%), Amoxicillin (42.5%), Augmentin (40), Cefotaxime (20%) and Ceftaxidime (7.5%)]. Two of the isolates were resistant to all the 13 antibiotics tested; 70% (28) of the isolates had multiple antibiotics resistance index (MARI) ≥0.3. Multidrug resistance was expressed in 37.5% of the isolates tested. The study showed a vast resistant pool in the environment. Only 25% of the E. coli isolated from the urine samples produced beta-lactamases phenotypically, most of which expressed resistance to more than 5 of the antibiotics tested and had MARI of ≥ 0.5. Further evaluation showed that 25% (10/40) of the E. coli isolated from the UTI patients in Minna, Nigeria, were ESBL- producers and could harbor one or two of the genes. TEM gene was expressed in 70% (7) of the isolates that produced ESBL phenotypically, 60% 6) harbored CTXM gene, 20% (2) had the OXA gene while none of the bacteria harbored the SHV gene. The study established a 5.9% ESBL prevalence among the E. coli isolated from UTI in the environment studied. This study established that E. coli is one of the prevalent bacteri urea majorly isolated from UTI patients in Minna. The prevalent E. coli are multidrug resistant and could harbor more than one ESBL gene .
keywords: Escherichia coli, Minna, UTI, ESBL, Multidrug resistance
Epizootic situation of Aujeszky’s disease within the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Koshemetov Zhumagali K. , Kondibayeva Zhanat B. , Mussoyev Assilbek M. , Abishov Abdikalyk A. , Omarbekova Urzhan Zh. 
Published: March 2021

Background: The relevance of the study is determined by the danger that this disease poses to all types of domestic animals in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the significant damage caused by this situation to the entire agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Timely and competent analysis of the epizootic situation for this disease in the country will reliably determine the development tendencies of this condition and predetermine a set of measures that should be taken to combat this animal disease in agricultural regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Aim: This study examines the development of the epizootic situation of Aujeszky’s disease within the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Methods: To achieve the set research goal, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods are used.
Results: The results of this research article can be of significant importance for livestock breeders in the Republic of Kazakhstan, who are working on raising the number of pigs and other types of domestic animals and are interested in a further increase in the number.
Conclusion: From a practical standpoint, the significance of this study is conditioned by the possibility of searching and determining the main directions of the spread of the disease under consideration in agricultural lands and regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as taking a set of measures to eradicate such a disease and prevent its future occurrence in the country.
The bioavailability of cytarabine in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology through iontophoresis and rectal delivery
Authors: Mancini Shelby L. , Early Peter J. , Pastina Bethany O. , Olby Natasha J. , Mariani Christopher L. , Munana Karen R. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Cytarabine (CA) is used to treat dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) by subcutaneous or intravenous administration.
Aim: The objective was to investigate transdermal iontophoresis and rectal administration as alternative routes of CA delivery.
Methods: Two client-owned dogs with MUE were studied. The ActivaPatch® IONTOGOTM 12.0 iontophoresis drug delivery system delivered 200 mg/m2 CA transdermally. Blood samples were collected by sparse sampling technique after initiation of the device. At another visit, 100 mg/m2 CA was administered rectally. Blood samples were collected by sparse sampling technique after administration. Plasma CA concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
Results: The concentration of plasma CA after transdermal and rectal administration was below the limits of quantification (0.1 μg/ml) in all samples suggesting inadequate bioavailability with transdermal and rectal administration.
Conclusion: Transdermal and rectal CA administration are not reasonable alternative routes of delivery.
El modelo de educación aplicado en corea del sur y su relación con el crecimiento económico del país de 1991 a 2010
Authors: Dai Prá Rafael , Rosa Gullo Maria Carolina 
Published: March 2021

Este documento tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre el crecimiento económico presentado por Corea del Sur y el plan de desarrollo económico centrado en la educación y el progreso tecnológico, que fue adoptado por el gobierno después de la proclamación de su República. El período de referencia a los años 1991 a 2010 se examinó con mayor precisión, debido al calentamiento de su economía a partir de la década de 1990 y a la maduración de las condiciones tecnológicas en el escenario nacional. Se analizó la información sobre las inversiones en I+D y el número de patentes registradas en el país porque se consideran variables que pueden explicar el crecimiento presentado, teniendo en cuenta el enfoque que se dio en el campo de la educación y la tecnología. También se investigaron datos sobre el PIB del país con el fin de comprender cuánto influye cada componente en su resultado. Finalmente, a través de un análisis estadístico, se determinó el vínculo entre estas variables, donde se observó su influencia en el producto final.
MEMBANGUN JIWA WIRAUSAHA KREATIF (CREATIVEPRENEUR) BAGI PARA PEMUDA KARANG TARUNA BANYU URIP, SURABAYA
Authors: Ma'aruf Moh. , Putra Riyan Sisiawan , Sholikhah Inayatus , Arifin Ravica Ulya 
Published: March 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Balai RW Banyuurip Surabaya dan peserta kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dari Para pemuda karang taruna Surabaya. Pemuda karang taruna ini kurang lebihg berjumlah 50 orang. Pada era digital saat ini para pemuda mempunyai potensi besar untuk menjadi entrepreneur ataupun creativepreneur dikarenakan semakin dimudahkan dengan kecanggihan teknologi. Mengembangkan ide-ide krreatif dan menjadi pelaku usaha kreatif (creativepreneur) akan membuka berbagai peluang besar bagi kemajuan ekonomi di wilayah mereka sendiri.
Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini terdiri dari tiga tahap. Pertama tahap pesiapan melalui pra-survei, pembentukan tim, pembuatan proposal, koordinasi tim dengan mitra, dan persiapan bahan untuk kegiatan bahan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Tahap kedua yaitu tahap pelaksanaan program berupa sosialisai. Sosialisai dilakukan melalui pemaparan materi, tanya jawab dan diskusi. Dan tahap terakhi adalah pelaporan hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepadamasyarakat.
Las claves del entablamento de orden jónico en el Tratado de Vitruvio
Authors: Sánchez-Polack-Morate Carlos , Granero-Martin Francisco 
Published: March 2021

<p>El Tratado de Vitruvio, o Los Diez Libros de Arquitectura, posee el gran valor de ser el único de su época que nos ha llegado y, por tanto, la referencia para intentar comprender los fundamentos de aquella arquitectura. Ha sido estudiado desde el punto de vista del historiador, del filólogo traductor, y por los arquitectos renacentistas en cuanto a su confrontación con la arquitectura romana, o las ruinas de la misma, que observaban. Pero entendemos que es necesario analizarlo desde la visión y punto de vista del arquitecto contemporáneo en sus aspectos aritméticos, geométricos, compositivos y técnicos. El artículo recoge una manera de enfocar un nuevo estudio de Vitruvio revisando el texto, pero sin asumir explícitamente las conclusiones obtenidas por los arquitectos renacentistas. Centrados en el Entablamento Jónico, hemos descifrado las relaciones y proporciones de cada uno de sus elementos, analizando y rebatiendo, en su caso, tanto algunas prescripciones incluidas en la teoría de Vitruvio, como ciertas interpretaciones que hacen los distintos traductores consultados, entre las que existen inconcebibles desacuerdos. Todo ello con el fin de alcanzar una regla cuantificable, que resumimos en tablas, y aportamos, mediante una investigación rigurosa, de resultados novedosos, unas relaciones coherentes entre la altura de la Columna y la del Entablamento.</p>
Prognostic value of a comprehensive geriatric assessment for predicting one-year mortality in presumably frail patient with symptomatic aortic stenosis
Authors: Audrey Camarzana , Cédric ANNWEILER , Frédéric PINAUD , Wissam ABI-KHALIL , Frédéric ROULEAU , Guillaume DUVAL , Fabrice PRUNIER , Alain FURBER , Loïc BIERE 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionDespite of suffering a severe aortic stenosis, some patients are denied from either surgical or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) therapy because of a frail condition. We aim to identify whether a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) might be useful to predict prognosis of presumably frail patients with severe aortic stenosis.Material and methodsBetween March 2011 and July 2016, 818 patients were consecutively and prospectively enrolled. 161 had a CGA and were considered for analysis. Considering combined CGA and Heart team recommendations, 102 TAVI were performed (TAVI group) and 59 patients constituted the no TAVI group. Primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at one year.ResultsThere was no difference between the TAVI and the no TAVI groups considering morphometric data, cardiovascular risk factors or symptoms. The no TAVI group had higher surgical risk (logistic EuroSCORE1 33.4±17.8 vs. 22.7±14.9; p<0.001) and more moderate renal insufficiency (82% vs. 57%; p=0.001). One-year mortality was 16% in the TAVI group and 46% in the no TAVI group (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed history of pulmonary edema, moderate renal failure, and not having a TAVI, to relate to 1-year mortality. There was an interaction of the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand-Test (FTSST) upon the effect of TAVI on mortality (p=0.049), as FTSST was the only predictor for 1-year mortality in the no TAVI group (HR:0.18 95%CI 0.04–0.76; p=0.019).ConclusionsOne-year mortality was higher in geriatric-assessed frail patient who did not undergo TAVI. FTSST, which assesses patients’ mobility, was the only prognostic marker for 1-year mortality, on top of usual medical parameters.
Extraction of antibacterial peptides against H. pylori from bovine milk casein
Authors: Wan Guo-Yue , Lam Ka-Man , Wong Ian-Ian , FONG PEDRO , Meng Li-Rong 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionMore than half of the world’s population is infected with Helicobacter pylori, which may cause gastritis, peptic ulcer and even gastric cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that H. pylori infection is a class I carcinogen and hence, eradication of it is highly important. Bovine milk contains caseins, which can be digested by various enzymes in the human stomach to produce antibacterial peptides.Material and methodsThis study used in vitro methods to extract anti-H. pylori peptides from caseins by the gastric protease, pepsin under environments with similar pH values to those found in the human stomach. The molecular weights and sequences of the peptides were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and MS/MS Ion Search, respectively. Antibacterial activity tests were performed to calculate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of the extracts.ResultsThe findings of this study revealed that the major products of bovine milk casein digestion by pepsin are casecidin 17 and β-casein 207–224. The extracts produced promising anti-H. pylori effects with the lowest MIC90 found at pH values of 1.5 and 2.0.ConclusionsThis study identified the anti-H. pylori effects of casecidin 17 and β-casein 207–224, which may help in developing therapeutic agents to modulate the effect of antibiotics on H. pylori infections.