bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The beta component of gamma-band auditory steady-state responses in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Metzner Christoph , Steuber Volker 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying circuit dysfunctions in schizophrenia (SCZ) remain poorly understood. Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs), especially in the gamma and beta band, have been suggested as a potential biomarker for SCZ. While the reduction of 40 Hz power for 40 Hz drive has been well established and replicated in SCZ patients, studies are inconclusive when it comes to an increase in 20 Hz power during 40 Hz drive. There might be several factors explaining the inconsistencies, including differences in the sensitivity of the recording modality (EEG vs MEG), differences in stimuli (click-trains vs amplitude-modulated tones) and large differences in the amplitude of the stimuli. Here, we used a computational model of ASSR deficits in SCZ and explored the effect of three SCZ-associated microcircuit alterations: reduced GABA activity, increased GABA decay times and NMDA receptor hypofunction. We investigated the effect of input strength on gamma (40 Hz) and beta (20 Hz) band power during gamma ASSR stimulation and saw that the pronounced increase in beta power during gamma stimulation seen experimentally could only be reproduced in the model when GABA decay times were increased and only for a specific range of input strengths. More specifically, when the input was in this specific range, the rhythmic drive at 40 Hz produced a strong 40 Hz rhythm in the control network; however, in the ‘SCZ-like’ network, the prolonged inhibition led to a so-called ‘beat-skipping’, where the network would only strongly respond to every other input. This mechanism was responsible for the emergence of the pronounced 20 Hz beta peak in the power spectrum. The other two microcircuit alterations were not able to produce a substantial 20 Hz component but they further narrowed the input strength range for which the network produced a beta component when combined with increased GABAergic decay times. Our finding that the beta component only existed for a specific range of input strengths might explain the seemingly inconsistent reporting in experimental studies and suggests that future ASSR studies should systematically explore different amplitudes of their stimuli. Furthermore, we provide a mechanistic link between a microcircuit alteration and an electrophysiological marker in schizophrenia and argue that more complex ASSR stimuli are needed to disentangle the nonlinear interactions of microcircuit alterations. The computational modelling approach put forward here is ideally suited to facilitate the development of such stimuli in a theory-based fashion.
Study on the relationship between DNA methylation of target CpG sites in peripheral blood and gestational diabetes during early pregnancy
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Huang Jin , Zheng Yixiang , Long Sisi , Lin Huijun , Zhang Na , Tian Mengyuan , Wu Xinrui , An Rongjing , Ma Shujuan , Tan Hongzhuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGenome-wide DNA methylation profiling have been used to find maternal CpG sites related to the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, none of these differential sites found has been verified in a larger sample. Here, our aim was to evaluate whether first trimester changes in target CpG sites in the peripheral blood of pregnancy women predict subsequent development of GDM. This nested case–control study was based upon an early pregnancy follow-up cohort (ChiCTR1900020652). Target CpG sites were extracted from related published literature and bioinformatics analysis. The DNA methylation levels at 337 CpG sites of 80 GDM cases and 80 matched healthy controls during the early pregnancy (10–15 weeks) were assessed using MethylTarget sequencing. The best cut-off level for methylation of CpG site was determined using the generated ROC curve. The independent effect of CpG site methylation status on GDM was analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Methylation levels at 6 CpG sites were significantly higher in the GDM group than in controls, whereas those at another 6 CpG sites were significantly lower (FDR < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve at each methylation level of the significant CpG sites ranged between 0.593 and 0.650 for the occurrence of GDM. After adjusting for possible confounders, the hypermethylation status of CpG site 68167324 (OR = 3.168, 1.038–9.666) and 24837915 (OR = 5.232, 1.659–16.506) was identified as more strongly associated with GDM; meanwhile, the hypermethylation of CpG site 157130156 (OR = 0.361, 0.135–0.966) and 89438648 (OR = 0.206, 0.065–0.655) might indicate lower risk of GDM. The methylation status of target CpG sites in the peripheral blood of pregnant women during the first trimester may be associated with GDM pathogenesis, and has potential as a predictor of GDM.
Self-assembly of a strapped linear porphyrin oligomer on HOPG
Authors: Bellamy-Carter Abigail , Roche Cécile , Anderson Harry L. , Saywell Alex 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolymeric structures based on porphyrin units exhibit a range of complex properties, such as nanoscale charge transport and quantum interference effects, and have the potential to act as biomimetic materials for light-harvesting and catalysis. These functionalities are based upon the characteristics of the porphyrin monomers, but are also emergent properties of the extended polymer system. Incorporation of these properties within solid-state devices requires transfer of the polymers to a supporting substrate, and may require a high-degree of lateral order. Here we show that highly ordered self-assembled structures can be formed via a simple solution deposition protocol; for a strapped linear porphyrin oligomer adsorbed on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate. Two distinct molecule–molecule interactions are observed to drive the formation of two molecular phases (‘Interdigitated’ and ‘Bridge-stabilised’) characterised by scanning tunnelling microscopy, providing information on the unit cell dimensions and self-assembled structure. The concentration dependence of these phases is investigated, and we conclude that the bridge-stabilised phase is a thermodynamically stable structure at room temperature.
Impact of ionic liquids on absorption behaviour of natural fibers/biopolyethylene biocomposites
Authors: Rakowska Joanna , Węgrzyn Magdalena , Rudnik Ewa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor many years, there has been a growing interest in technologies enabling the replacement of conventional polymer composites with new materials made from renewable raw materials. It is important to assess the behaviour of biocomposites in various environments, including humid conditions. Recently, ionic liquids have been studied as potential modificators of polymers properties, especially flame retardants. In previous study the impact of ionic liquids on thermal and mechanical properties of biocomposites was assessed. In this study the influence of ionic liquids on moisture absorption properties of biocomposites at different relative humidities (RH) was assessed. The biocomposites were built from polyethylene from renewable resources reinforced with flax or hemp fibers. The effect of the addition of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5 wt.% phosphonium ionic liquids on the moisture absorption properties of biopolyethylene biocomposite reinforced with natural fibers were tested. Mixtures of biopolyethylene, natural fibers and ionic liquid were calendered at 180 °C and then were compounded by injection moulding. The prepared samples were then characterized for their moisture uptake at 30%, 50% and 100% RH. Moisture absorption by biocomposites depended on the structure of the ionic liquid and the type of fiber. The saturation of moisture of about 0.054% was found for samples modified with tributylethylphosphonium diethyl phosphate and reinforced with flax and hemp fibers at RH 100%. The environmental resistance of the materials was found to be improved after the addition of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate. Biocomposites with hemp fibers showed slightly less absorption than with flax fibers. It was also observed that ionic liquids: (bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate trihexyltetradecylphosphonate) and (bis (2-ethylhexyl) trihexyltetradecylphosphonium phosphate) protect PE biocomposites with plant fibers against mold in high humidity conditions (RH 100%).
FH ALERT: efficacy of a novel approach to identify patients with familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Fath Felix , Bengeser Andreas , Barresi Mathias , Binner Priska , Schwab Stefanie , Ray Kausik K. , Krämer Bernhard K. , Fraass Uwe , März Winfried 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiagnosis rates of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) remain low. We implemented FH ALERT to assess whether alerting physicians for the possibility of FH impacted additional diagnostic activity. The study was conducted from SYNLAB laboratory Weiden (Bavaria). Beyond common reporting of LDL-C or TC, 1411 physicians covering approximately a population of 1.5 million people were eligible to receive an alert letter (AL) including information on FH, if laboratory results exceeded thresholds as follows: adults LDL-C ≥ 190–250 mg/dl (to convert into mmol/l multiply with 0.0259), TC ≥ 250 to ≤ 310 mg/dl (probable suspicion); LDL-C > 250 mg/dl and TC > 310 mg/dl (strong suspicion). Persons below 18 years were alerted for LDL-C  140 mg/dl and TC ≥ 200 mg/dl (strong suspicion). Patients above 60 years were excluded. Our readouts were characteristics of involved physicians, rate of ALs issued, acceptance, and subsequent diagnostic activity. Physicians were mainly general practitioners in ambulatory care. 75% of the ordered tests were for TC, 25% for LDL-C. We issued 3512 ALs (~ 5% of tests) triggered by 2846 patients. 86% of eligible physicians stayed with the initiative, 32.7% were alerted, and 70% were positive upon call-center survey. We registered 101 new visitors of www.fhscore.eu and sent out 93 kits for genetics. Thereof, 26 were returned and 5 patients were positive for FH. Physicians were in general open to our approach. Although genetic testing was taken up with caution, this 3-months pilot examination resulted in a greater rate of patients with FH diagnosed than previous screening projects. Further education on FH in primary care is required to improve FH detection in the community.
Care need and dry mouth as risk indicators for impaired taste and smell
Authors: Hummelsheim Mara-Zoe , Hamacher Stefanie , Hagemeier Anna , Noack Michael Johannes , Barbe Anna Greta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo identify whether reduced saliva secretion or xerostomia symptoms are risk indicators for impaired taste and smell, depending on age and care needs. This cross-sectional study evaluated taste and smell in patients categorized into different age groups (<65> years) and different care need, with and without dry mouth. Of the 185 patients included, 119 were classified as “dry mouth” and 66 as “without dry mouth”. Overall, 103 (55.7%) were female and 37 (20%) needed care. There was no difference between “dry mouth” and “without dry mouth” regarding identification of odors or tastes, but a difference in the number of correctly identified odors and tastes in favor of “without care need” patients (p < 0.05). The ability to identify smells and tastes was negatively influenced by age, number of medications, and number of comorbidities, but subjective dry mouth had no impact. According to our results, subjective dry mouth is not a risk factor for an impaired ability to recognize smells and tastes. However, care need representing age, the number of medications taken, and the number of chronic comorbidities is a risk indicator.
Development and prospective validation of COVID-19 chest X-ray screening model for patients attending emergency departments
Authors: Drozdov Ignat , Szubert Benjamin , Reda Elaina , Makary Peter , Forbes Daniel , Chang Sau Lee , Ezhil Abinaya , Puttagunta Srikanth , Hall Mark , Carlin Chris , Lowe David J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChest X-rays (CXRs) are the first-line investigation in patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with dyspnoea and are a valuable adjunct to clinical management of COVID-19 associated lung disease. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to facilitate rapid triage of CXRs for further patient testing and/or isolation. In this work we develop an AI algorithm, CovIx, to differentiate normal, abnormal, non-COVID-19 pneumonia, and COVID-19 CXRs using a multicentre cohort of 293,143 CXRs. The algorithm is prospectively validated in 3289 CXRs acquired from patients presenting to ED with symptoms of COVID-19 across four sites in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. CovIx achieves area under receiver operating characteristic curve for COVID-19 of 0.86, with sensitivity and F1-score up to 0.83 and 0.71 respectively, and performs on-par with four board-certified radiologists. AI-based algorithms can identify CXRs with COVID-19 associated pneumonia, as well as distinguish non-COVID pneumonias in symptomatic patients presenting to ED. Pre-trained models and inference scripts are freely available at https://github.com/beringresearch/bravecx-covid.
Quantifying non-CO2 contributions to remaining carbon budgets
Authors: Jenkins Stuart , Cain Michelle , Friedlingstein Pierre , Gillett Nathan , Walsh Tristram , Allen Myles R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe IPCC Special Report on 1.5 °C concluded that anthropogenic global warming is determined by cumulative anthropogenic CO2emissions and the non-CO2radiative forcing level in the decades prior to peak warming. We quantify this using CO2-forcing-equivalent (CO2-fe) emissions. We produce an observationally constrained estimate of the Transient Climate Response to cumulative carbon Emissions (TCRE), giving a 90% confidence interval of 0.26–0.78 °C/TtCO2, implying a remaining total CO2-fe budget from 2020 to 1.5 °C of 350–1040 GtCO2-fe, where non-CO2forcing changes take up 50 to 300 GtCO2-fe. Using a central non-CO2forcing estimate, the remaining CO2budgets are 640, 545, 455 GtCO2for a 33, 50 or 66% chance of limiting warming to 1.5 °C. We discuss the impact of GMST revisions and the contribution of non-CO2mitigation to remaining budgets, determining that reporting budgets in CO2-fe for alternative definitions of GMST, displaying CO2and non-CO2contributions using a two-dimensional presentation, offers the most transparent approach.
Walking on common ground: a cross-disciplinary scoping review on the clinical utility of digital mobility outcomes
Authors: Polhemus Ashley , Delgado-Ortiz Laura , Brittain Gavin , Chynkiamis Nikolaos , Salis Francesca , Gaßner Heiko , Gross Michaela , Kirk Cameron , Rossanigo Rachele , Taraldsen Kristin , Balta Diletta , Breuls Sofie , Buttery Sara , Cardenas Gabriela , Endress Christoph , Gugenhan Julia , Keogh Alison , Kluge Felix , Koch Sarah , Micó-Amigo M. Encarna , Nerz Corinna , Sieber Chloé , Williams Parris , Bergquist Ronny , Bosch de Basea Magda , Buckley Ellen , Hansen Clint , Mikolaizak A. Stefanie , Schwickert Lars , Scott Kirsty , Stallforth Sabine , van Uem Janet , Vereijken Beatrix , Cereatti Andrea , Demeyer Heleen , Hopkinson Nicholas , Maetzler Walter , Troosters Thierry , Vogiatzis Ioannis , Yarnall Alison , Becker Clemens , Garcia-Aymerich Judith , Leocani Letizia , Mazzà Claudia , Rochester Lynn , Sharrack Basil , Frei Anja , Puhan Milo ,   Mobilise-D
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhysical mobility is essential to health, and patients often rate it as a high-priority clinical outcome. Digital mobility outcomes (DMOs), such as real-world gait speed or step count, show promise as clinical measures in many medical conditions. However, current research is nascent and fragmented by discipline. This scoping review maps existing evidence on the clinical utility of DMOs, identifying commonalities across traditional disciplinary divides. In November 2019, 11 databases were searched for records investigating the validity and responsiveness of 34 DMOs in four diverse medical conditions (Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture). Searches yielded 19,672 unique records. After screening, 855 records representing 775 studies were included and charted in systematic maps. Studies frequently investigated gait speed (70.4% of studies), step length (30.7%), cadence (21.4%), and daily step count (20.7%). They studied differences between healthy and pathological gait (36.4%), associations between DMOs and clinical measures (48.8%) or outcomes (4.3%), and responsiveness to interventions (26.8%). Gait speed, step length, cadence, step time and step count exhibited consistent evidence of validity and responsiveness in multiple conditions, although the evidence was inconsistent or lacking for other DMOs. If DMOs are to be adopted as mainstream tools, further work is needed to establish their predictive validity, responsiveness, and ecological validity. Cross-disciplinary efforts to align methodology and validate DMOs may facilitate their adoption into clinical practice.
Matrigel 3D bioprinting of contractile human skeletal muscle models recapitulating exercise and pharmacological responses
Authors: Alave Reyes-Furrer Angela , De Andrade Sonia , Bachmann Dominic , Jeker Heidi , Steinmann Martin , Accart Nathalie , Dunbar Andrew , Rausch Martin , Bono Epifania , Rimann Markus , Keller Hansjoerg 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA key to enhance the low translatability of preclinical drug discovery are in vitro human three-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPS). Here, we show a new method for automated engineering of 3D human skeletal muscle models in microplates and functional compound screening to address the lack of muscle wasting disease medication. To this end, we adapted our recently described 24-well plate 3D bioprinting platform with a printhead cooling system to allow microvalve-based drop-on-demand printing of cell-laden Matrigel containing primary human muscle precursor cells. Mini skeletal muscle models develop within a week exhibiting contractile, striated myofibers aligned between two attachment posts. As an in vitro exercise model, repeated high impact stimulation of contractions for 3 h by a custom-made electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) system for 24-well plates induced interleukin-6 myokine expression and Akt hypertrophy pathway activation. Furthermore, the known muscle stimulators caffeine and Tirasemtiv acutely increase EPS-induced contractile force of the models. This validated new human muscle MPS will benefit development of drugs against muscle wasting diseases. Moreover, our Matrigel 3D bioprinting platform will allow engineering of non-self-organizing complex human 3D MPS.
PIP2-dependent coupling of voltage sensor and pore domains in Kv7.2 channel
Authors: Pant Shashank , Zhang Jiaren , Kim Eung Chang , Lam Kin , Chung Hee Jung , Tajkhorshid Emad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a signaling lipid which regulates voltage-gated Kv7/KCNQ potassium channels. Altered PIP2 sensitivity of neuronal Kv7.2 channel is involved in KCNQ2 epileptic encephalopathy. However, the molecular action of PIP2 on Kv7.2 gating remains largely elusive. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations and electrophysiology to characterize PIP2 binding sites in a human Kv7.2 channel. In the closed state, PIP2 localizes to the periphery of the voltage-sensing domain (VSD). In the open state, PIP2 binds to 4 distinct interfaces formed by the cytoplasmic ends of the VSD, the gate, intracellular helices A and B and their linkers. PIP2 binding induces bilayer-interacting conformation of helices A and B and the correlated motion of the VSD and the pore domain, whereas charge-neutralizing mutations block this coupling and reduce PIP2 sensitivity of Kv7.2 channels by disrupting PIP2 binding. These findings reveal the allosteric role of PIP2 in Kv7.2 channel activation.
Drag forces on porous aggregates in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Schneider Niclas , Wurm Gerhard 
Published: October 2021

Context. In protoplanetary disks, particle–gas interactions are a key part of the early stages of pre-planetary evolution. As dust particles grow into porous aggregates, treating drag forces of aggregates in the same way as those of monolithic compact spheres has always been an approximation.
Aims. The substructures and building blocks of aggregates may respond differently to different drag regimes than the overall size of the porous body would suggest. The influence of porosity and substructure size on the drag on porous bodies is studied.
Methods. We measured centimeter-sized porous aggregates with volume filling factors as low as ~10−4 for the first time in low-pressure wind tunnel experiments. Various substructures of different sizes down to micrometer (μm) resolution are tested. Knudsen numbers for the centimeter-sized superstructure are between 0.005 and 0.1 and Reynolds numbers are between 5 and 130.
Results. We find that bodies are subject to increasingly large drag forces with increasing porosity, significantly larger than previously thought. In the parameter range measured, drag can increase by a factor of 23, and extrapolation suggests even larger values. We give an empirically determined model for an adjusted drag force.
Conclusions. Our findings imply that the coupling of highly porous bodies in protoplanetary disks is significantly stronger than assumed in previous works. This decreases collision velocities and radial drift speeds and might allow porous bodies to grow larger under certain conditions before they become compacted.
An eigenfunction manifold generated by a family of periodic boundary value problems
Authors: Dymarskii Ya. M. , Bondar’ A. A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An analytic and topological description is given of the manifold of periodic eigenfunctions generated by the space of one-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equations with periodic real potentials. Connections with results due to Neuman, Ince and Uhlenbeck are discussed.
Bibliography: 11 titles.
On the local and boundary behaviour of inverse maps on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Ilyutko D. P. , Sevost’yanov E. A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Results on the local behaviour of maps between Riemannian manifolds such that their inverses satisfy upper bounds on the distortion of the moduli of families of curves are obtained. For families of such maps theorems on their equicontinuity at interior points and boundary points of the domain are established.
Bibliography: 30 titles.
Topological type of isoenergy surfaces of billiard books
Authors: Vedyushkina V. V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The homeomorphism class of the isoenergy surface of a billiard book, of low complexity and not necessarily integrable, is determined using methods of low-dimensional topology. In particular, a series of billiard books is constructed that realize isoenergy 3-surfaces homeomorphic to the connected sum of a number of lens spaces and direct products

. The Fomenko-Zieschang invariants, which classify Liouville foliations on isoenergy surfaces up to fibrewise homeomorphisms — that is, up to Liouville equivalence of the corresponding integrable Hamiltonian systems — are calculated for several integrable billiards of this type.
Bibliography: 14 titles.