bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Statistics as Inference Principles of Auditory Tuning in Biological and Artificial Midbrain Networks
Authors: Park Sangwook , Salles Angeles , Allen Kathryne , Moss Cynthia F. , Elhilali Mounya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBats provide a powerful mammalian model to explore the neural representation of complex sounds, as they rely on hearing to survive in their environment. The inferior colliculus (IC) is a central hub of the auditory system that receives converging projections from the ascending pathway and descending inputs from auditory cortex. In this work, we build an artificial neural network to replicate auditory characteristics in IC neurons of the big brown bat. We first test the hypothesis that spectro-temporal tuning of IC neurons is optimized to represent the natural statistics of conspecific vocalizations. We estimate spectro-temporal receptive fields (STRFs) of IC neurons and compare tuning characteristics to statistics of bat calls. The results indicate that the FM tuning of IC neurons is matched with the statistics. Then, we investigate this hypothesis on the network optimized to represent natural sound statistics and to compare its output with biological responses. We also estimate biomimetic STRFs from the artificial network and correlate their characteristics to those of biological neurons. Tuning properties of both biological and artificial neurons reveal strong agreement along both spectral and temporal dimensions, and suggest the presence of nonlinearity, sparsity, and complexity constraints that underlie the neural representation in the auditory midbrain. Additionally, the artificial neurons replicate IC neural activities in discrimination of social calls, and provide simulated results for a noise robust discrimination. In this way, the biomimetic network allows us to infer the neural mechanisms by which the bat’s IC processes natural sounds used to construct the auditory scene.
The Role of Education in the Formation of Tax Ethics in Azerbaijan
Authors: Zivar Zeynalova Mubariz Mammadli, 
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the importance of tax ethics, as well as the impact of education on it. The impact of tax-oriented education on tax ethics was determined in the case of Azerbaijan. For this purpose, it was applied a questionnaire survey to 250 students studied at the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan between 2017 and 2019 years. The collected data were analyzed descriptively, and the hypothesis was tested using the Paired Samples Test. Cronbach's Alpha conducted to verify the validity of the research. Analyzes and tests were carried out electronically using the SPSS 16.0 software. As a result of empirical research, it turned out that the attitude towards taxation was higher after passing tax classes.
Deterministic Inverse Design of Lithography-Free, Wavelength-Selective Tamm Plasmon Thermal Emitters
Authors: He Mingze , Nolen J. , Nordlander Josh , Cleri Angela , Mcllwaine Nathan , Folland Thomas , Tang Yucheng , Landman Bennett , Maria Jon , Caldwell Joshua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Wavelength-selective thermal emitters (WS-EMs) are of high interest due to the lack of cost-effective, narrow-band light sources in the mid- to long-wave infrared. Cost-effective WS-EMs can be realized via Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) structures supported by distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) on metal layers, however, optimizing TPP-WS-EMs is challenging because of the large number of parameters to optimize. To address this challenge, we use stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to optimize TPP-WS-EMs composed of an aperiodic DBR deposited on doped cadmium oxide (CdO) plasmonic films. While the SGD-optimized, aperiodic DBR offers extensive spectral control, the material choice, i.e., plasma-frequency-tunable doped CdO, enables the design capabilities not accessible with noble metals. Here, the individual layer thickness and carrier density of CdO are optimized by our SGD inverse design strategy. The resultant experimental designs demonstrate TPP-WS-EMs exhibiting isolated, high-Q (narrow bandwidth), and structures featuring multiple emission bands for applications such as free-space communications and gas sensing. Furthermore, we illustrate the deterministic design capability within the infrared, such as user-designated Q-factors (28 − 10,127) at a desired frequency, multi-band emitters with user-defined Q, and the ability to directly match arbitrary chemical absorption spectra. Thus, the combination of our SGD inverse design and the broadly tunable plasma frequency of CdO enables lithography-free, CMOS-compatible, and wafer-scale solutions for WS-EMs with unprecedented spectral control.
A National and Regional Analysis of the Effects of Ageing and Education on Demand for Commercial Health Insurance in China.
Authors: Chen Xiang , Jaoude Gerard Abou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Social health insurance (SHI) in China has reached 95% coverage and facilitated progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC). However, elderly populations are currently under-represented, amplifying regional disparities and threatening progress toward UHC. Some households seek commercial health insurance (CHI) to complement SHI. This study is the first to investigate the effect of ageing and education on demand for CHI by region in China. Methods: Drawing on 2011 to 2018 data for 31 out of 34 provinces from the China Insurance Yearbook and Statistic Yearbook, fixed effects models were built for national and regional multivariate regression analyses. The analysis included CHI demand as the dependent variable, education level and elderly dependency ratio as independent variables, and disposable income per capita, SHI coverage, as well as health expenditure per capita as control variables.Results: Findings from the national analysis indicate a significant positive relationship between CHI demand and education level (17.3, p=0.01), elderly dependency ratio (24.1, p<0.001), disposable income per capita (179.5, p=0.04), and health expenditure per capita (0.12, p<0.001). However, no significant association is found between SHI coverage and CHI demand. In the regional analysis, a significant positive between education level and CHI demand is only found for the Eastern region (29.1, p<0.05). Similarly, a significant positive relationship between the elderly dependency ratio and CHI demand is observed for the Eastern (25.9, p<0.05) and Central regions (18.5, p<0.05). Of the three control variables investigated, disposable income per capita is not found to have an effect on CHI demand in any of the three regions. Conclusions: Results from this study build on existing evidence and draw attention to regional disparities in China, particularly in terms of education, and the resulting effect on CHI demand. Findings support calls for more elderly-oriented public health policy and insurance reform in China.
Puerarin Inhibits Ferroptosis and Inflammation of Lung Injury Caused by Sepsis in LPS Induced Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Xu Baiye , Wang Haidao , Chen Zhen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, which plays an important role in lung injury caused by sepsis. Studies have reported that Puerarin (Pue) can treat lung injury caused by sepsis in children, but whether it plays a role by regulating iron death has not been reported.Methods: LPS induced human alveolar epithelial cell A549 to form a model of lung injury caused by sepsis. MTT detected the effect of Pue on A549 cell viability and the effect of Pue on LPS-induced A549 cell viability. The effects of Pue on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β in A549 cells were determined by ELISA assay. The expression level of MDA was detected by TBARS colorimetric quantitative detection kit. GSH kit was used to detect the expression of GSH in cells. The iron kit detected the total iron level and the expression level of ferric divalent ions in the cells. DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to detect ROS levels. Western blot was used to detect the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins in cells. Results: Pue alleviated LPS-induced injury and inflammatory response in A549 cells, and Pue reduced the expression of ROS, MDA and GSH in LPS-induced A549 cells. In addition, Pue reduced total iron levels and ferrous ion levels in LPS-induced A549 cells, and decreased the expression of iron ferroptosis-related proteins. Conclusion: Puerarin inhibited ferroptosis and inflammation of lung injury caused by sepsis in children in LPS induced lung epithelial cells.
Nickel Phthalocyanine@graphene Oxide/TiO2 As an Efficient Degradation Catalyst of Formic Acid Toward Hydrogen Production
Authors: Keshipour Sajjad , Alizadeh Shima Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new photocatalytic system was introduced to degrade formic acid toward hydrogen production using nickel(II) phthalocyanine (NiPc)@graphene oxide (GO)/TiO2 as the catalyst. Synthesis of NiPc was performed in the presence of GO leading to a homogeneous distribution of NiPc on GO. While TiO2 promoted the reaction using each of NiPc and GO under visible light, the reaction was carried out with superior rate using NiPc@GO/TiO2. In this reaction, GO minimizes the band gap of semiconductor, TiO2, through contributing its Fermi levels and NiPc escalates the photocatalytic reaction under visible light as a sensitizing agent. The reaction released hydrogen with the rate of 1.38 mmol.h− 1 and TOF = 77 h− 1.
Effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg on eating behavior in patients with obesity
Authors: Logvinova O. V. , Troshina E. A. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. One of the objectives of weight loss in obesity is to prevent metabolic disorders associated with it. An important component in the maintenance of the achieved results is a change of eating behavior.Goal: to study the effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg on the dynamics of metabolic parameters and eating behavior in patients with obesity. Materials and methods. The study enrolled 42 obese patients in whom anthropometric parameters, metabolic parameters, and eating behavior were assessed with Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Patients were divided into 2 groups, one of which received liraglutide 3.0 mg with lifestyle modification for 3 months. The other group was recommended to receive only lifestyle modification. The participants were re-examined after 3 months.Results and discussion. in the liraglutide group in addition to a significant decrease in body weight, BMI and waist circumference, there was a statistical trend toward lower glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR levels. When comparing the dynamics of parameters between the groups, Д body weight, BMI and glucose in the liraglutide group were significantly superior. In reassessment of eating behavior after 3 months of treatment, no statistically significant differences were found with the initial severity of restrictive, emotional, and/or external types in both groups and, despite a more pronounced decrease in body weight in the liraglutide group, between them.Conclusions: Three months of isolated lifestyle modification and/or its combination with liraglutide 3.0 mg is not sufficient to make a lasting change in eating behavior. However, considering that obesity is a chronic and relapsing disease, the need for eating behavior correction remains relevant to prevent disease recurrence. This substantiates the need for more long-term intervention in obesity, including drug therapy.
Influence of androgen deprivation therapy on glucose metabolism and ambulatory glucose profile
Authors: Grickevich E. Yu. , Skuridina D. V. , Perekhodov S. N. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Androgen deprivation, used to treat prostate cancer, leads to metabolic disorders, including glucose metabolism disorders. The timing of development and the characteristics of these changes have not been sufficiently studied. The expansion of the possibilities for assessing glycemia makes it possible to obtain changes in glucose.Objective. To study the dynamics of the effect of long-term androgen-deprivation therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH agonists) on the parameters of glucose metabolism and ambulatory glucose profile in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (La PCa).Materials and methods. The study included 99 patients with La PCa receiving androgendeprivation therapy (ADT) with (GnRH agonists) for at least 12 months. The study of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels was performed at baseline, after 3, 6 and 12 months of ADT, and constant self-monitoring of glycemia was recommended using portable glucometers. Flash glucose monitoring systems (FreeStyle Libre) were installed in ten patients with a detected increase in glycemia on the background of ADT, allowing them to obtain data on the ambulatory glucose profile (AGP).Results and discussion. Long-term ADT in patients with La PCa, regardless of baseline age, BMI, WC, was accompanied by an early, progressive deterioration in parameters of glucose metabolism. The proportion of patients with prediabetic FPG values after 12 months becames 66% according ADA criteria. We found that 12-month ADT changes the AGP: an increase area under the curve and postprandial glycemic levels, an increase in blood glucose variability with an increase in the CONGA index to 6.817 (p < 0.001).Conclusion. ADT by GnRH agonists in patients with La PCa is accompanied by a predisposition to early disorders of glucose metabolism with a high risk of rapid development of prediabetes regardless of baseline age, BMI, and WC. The AGP of patients is characterized by an increase in the total glycemic load, and glycemic variability.
Gestational diabetes mellitus: peculiarities of course and pregnancy outcomes in real clinical practice
Authors: Ushanova F. O. , Lobanova K. G. , Perekhodov S. N. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. According to various authors, uncompensated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is accompanied by the development of many complications affecting the mother and fetus. However, published data on the prevalence of GDM and its complications in real clinical practice in our country are insufficient.Aim. To estimate the prevalence of GDM among pregnant women in the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow, to analyze the main risk factors, the features of the course and pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM.Materials and Methods. Retrospective analysis of primary records of 510 pregnant women who were diagnosed with GDM during 2019. A comparative analysis of pregnancy complications and outcomes depending on the age of diagnosis of GDM was performed.Results and Discussion. During 2019, 510 pregnant women out of 5,000 women observed were diagnosed with GSD. The mean age of the women was 31.9 ± 4.8 (95% CI 31.5-32.3). Most frequently, 224 pregnant women (43.9%) were diagnosed in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, 31.8% (162) in the 2nd trimester, and 18.6% (95) in the 3rd trimester. Mean venous plasma glucose values were 5.43 [5.25; 5.7] mmol/L, and glycated hemoglobin was 5.19 ± 0.4% (95% CI 5.15-5.24). Diet therapy was predominantly sufficient to achieve GSD compensation - 84.3%. Complications of pregnancy were observed in 123 women (24.1%). Unfavorable pregnancy outcomes were recorded in 153 women with GSD out of 213 women analyzed (71.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in pregnancy outcomes depending on the age of diagnosis of GDM.Conclusions. The prevalence of GDM in the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow was 10.2%, which is consistent with the data of various epidemiological studies in other regions. The development of adverse pregnancy outcomes remains at a high level. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct further research aimed at assessing the main factors influencing the course and outcomes of pregnancy.
Analysis of time in range depending on the method of assessing the glucose level
Authors: Suplotova L. A. , Sudnitsyna A. S. , Romanova N. V. , Sidorenko K. A. , Radionova L. U. , Gracheva T. V. , Plotnikov N. V. , Khieva E. V. , Shabelnikova O. Y. , Ipatko I. A. , Zhukovets G. V. , Cherednikova M. A. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence and incidence diabetes type 1. The high-quality glycemic control is critical in reducing the risk of developing and progression of vascular complications and adverse outcomes of diabetes. Self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) and professional continuous glucose monitoring (PCGM) provide the data set which must be interpreted using multiple indicators of glycemic control. A number of researchers have demonstrated the relationship between the time in range (TIR) and the risk of developing both micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Considering the insufficient amount of data on TIR differences depending on the glucose level assessment method and the significant potential of using this indicator for the stratification of the risk of both micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes, the study of TIR differences based on the data of PCGM and SMBG is relevant at present.Aims. To estimate the time range according to professional continuous glucose monitoring and self-monitoring of blood glucose levels in the patients with diabetes type 1 among the adult population to improve the control of the disease course.Materials and methods. An interventional open-label multicenter study in the patients with diabetes type 1 was conducted. The patients with diabetes type 1 aged 18 and older, with the disease duration of more than 1 year receiving the therapy with analog insulin was enrolled into the study. The calculation of the indicators of the time spent in the ranges of glycemia was carried out on the basis of the data of PCGM and SMBG.Results and discussion. We examined 218 patients who met the inclusion criteria and did not have exclusion criteria. The presented differences in the indicators of time in ranges indicate the comparability of the SMBG and PCGM methods.Conclusions. When assessing the indicators of time in the ranges of glycemia obtained on the basis of the data of PCGM and SMBG, clear correlations and linear dependence were demonstrated, which indicates the comparability of these parameters regardless of the measurement method.
Measuring the Interactions Between Health Demand, Informatics Supply, and Technological Applications in Digital Medical Innovation for China: Content Mapping and Analysis
Authors: Du Jian , Chen Ting , Zhang Luxia 
Published: May 2021

Background
There were 2 major incentives introduced by the Chinese government to promote medical informatics in 2009 and 2016. As new drugs are the major source of medical innovation, informatics-related concepts and techniques are a major source of digital medical innovation. However, it is unclear whether the research efforts of medical informatics in China have met the health needs, such as disease management and population health.

Objective
We proposed an approach to mapping the interplay between different knowledge entities by using the tree structure of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) to gain insights into the interactions between informatics supply, health demand, and technological applications in digital medical innovation in China.

Methods
All terms under the MeSH tree parent node “Diseases [C]” or node “Health [N01.400]” or “Public Health [N06.850]” were labelled as H. All terms under the node “Information Science [L]” were labelled as I, and all terms under node “Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]” were labelled as T. The H-I-T interactions can be measured by using their co-occurrences in a given publication.

Results
The H-I-T interactions in China are showing significant growth and a more concentrated interplay were observed. Computing methodologies, informatics, and communications media (such as social media and the internet) constitute the majority of I-related concepts and techniques used for resolving the health promotion and diseases management problems in China. Generally there is a positive correlation between the burden and informatics research efforts for diseases in China. We think it is not contradictory that informatics research should be focused on the greatest burden of diseases or where it can have the most impact. Artificial intelligence is a competing field of medical informatics research in China, with a notable focus on diagnostic deep learning algorithms for medical imaging.

Conclusions
It is suggested that technological transfers, namely the functionality to be realized by medical/health informatics (eg, diagnosis, therapeutics, surgical procedures, laboratory testing techniques, and equipment and supplies) should be strengthened. Research on natural language processing and electronic health records should also be strengthened to improve the real-world applications of health information technologies and big data in the future.
Career Development of Academic Staff in Faculties of Dentistry by Means of Mentorship Programs: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Amosun Seyi , Kimmie-Dhansay Faheema , Geerts Greta , Basson Reneda 
Published: May 2021

Background
Globally, the demands on dental educators continue to diversify and expand. Due to their importance and value, mentoring programs have been acknowledged as a means of recruiting, developing, and retaining academics in dental education.

Objective
This protocol is for a scoping review that aims to identify the goals of mentoring programs for academic staff in dental faculties and determine how these programs were structured, delivered, and evaluated.

Methods
The review will be performed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology for scoping reviews, which covers both qualitative and quantitative scientific literature as well as grey literature written in English and published between 2000 and 2020. The databases will include PubMed, Ovid, the Educational Resources Information Center database, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Trove, Web of Science, Openthesis.org, and the website of the American Dental Education Association. A manual search will also be conducted by using the reference lists of included studies to identify additional articles. Working independently, the authors will participate iteratively in literature screening, paper selection, and data extraction. Disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved by discussion until a consensus is reached or after consultation with the research team. Key information that is relevant to the review questions will be extracted from the selected articles and imported into a Microsoft Excel file. The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) will be used to guide the reporting of this protocol.

Results
The search for appropriate literature has commenced, and we aim to present the results before the end of the 2021 academic year.

Conclusions
The development of formal mentorship programs for academics in dental education will enhance the retention of academic staff.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/27239