bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proyección de Matricula para el Análisis de la Infraestructura de Programas Académicos en Vía de Acreditación
Authors: Villegas Téllez R. , Torres Frausto D.A. , Palacios Gutiérrez K. , De Los Reyes Quiroz F. 
Published: March 2021

La proyección de matrícula es una metodología útil para pronosticar el flujo educativo de cualquier institución educativa, ya que apoya la toma de decisiones. La UNESCO ha diseñado un modelo de simulación para la estrategia y política educativa llamado EPSSim. Se recuperó la información del sistema de control escolar Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato para realizar elcálculo de las tasas de transición, las cuales se usaron en el modelo de flujo educativo diseñado y aplicado a una solución de software. El modelo de flujo educativo estimó una proyección de 63 alumnos para el primer ciclo del año 2016 teniendo como base 93 alumnos de nuevo ingreso. Las dos áreas de infraestructura académica que resultaron deficientes en el análisis de la proyección considerando los lineamientos del Consejo Nacional de Acreditación en Informática y Computación son el equipamiento de los laboratorios y el acervo bibliográfico disponible en la biblioteca.
Enrollment forecast is a useful methodology to estimate the educational flow of any educational institution in order to support decision making. UNESCO has developed a simulation model for both, educational strategy and educational policy called EPSSim.The information needed to calculate the transition rates was retrieved from the educational control system of the Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Irapuato, these rates were used in the educational flow model, designed and applied to a software solution. This educational flow model estimated 63 students in the first cycle in 2016 having a base of 93 of new enrollment. The academic infrastructure areas that were deficient considering this forecast regarding the guidelines of the Consejo Nacional de Acreditación en Informática y Computación (National Computing Acreditation Council) were the equipment of laboratories and the bibliographic titles available in the library.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Flavonoid Content in Biancaea Sappan (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Leaves
Authors: Nurlinda Nurlinda , Handayani Virsa , Rasyid Faradiba Abdul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiancaea sappan (BS) is traditionally used to treat anticonvulsants, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, anticoagulant, antiviral, immunostimulant, antioxidant, and antimicrobial treatments. Flavonoids are found in Secang; flavonoids are secondary metabolites that have antioxidant activity. This study aims to identify the flavonoids using TLC and determination of flavonoids content in BS leaves. Initially, The methanol extract of BS was obtained by maceration with ethanol. The qualitative analysis of flavonoid was using TLC and visualization by sprayed with AlCl3. The determination of total flavonoid content is conducted based on the AlCl3 method with total flavonoids expressed in QE (Quercetin equivalent) at the maximum wavelength of 431 nm. The research results showed that BS leaves contain flavonoids and the total flavonoid content of BS leaf extract is 1.0318 mg QE / g extract.Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan; Flavonoid content, Spectrophotometric
Anti-fungal secondary metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes from rhizospheric bacteria in crop protection: a review
Authors: Chowdhury Farhana Tasnim , Zaman Nazia Rifat , Islam Mohammad Riazul , Khan Haseena 
Published: March 2021

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) residing in soil rhizosphere provide enormous beneficial effects to a plant host producing diverse secondary metabolites and enzymes useful for plant growth and protection. Siderophores, antibiotics, volatile compounds and hydrolytic enzymes are the major molecules secreted by the PGPRs, which have substantial antifungal properties and can provide plant protection. These compounds are responsible for the lysis and hyperparasitism of antagonists against deleterious fungal pathogens. Siderophore-producing PGPRs function by depriving the pathogen of iron nutrition. Antibiotics have been reported to be involved in the suppression of different fungal pathogens by inducing fungistasis, inhibition of spore germination, lysis of fungal mycelia. The PGPRs also secrete a wide range of low molecular weight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that inhibit mycelial growth, sporulation, germination of phytophathogenic fungi, etc. Hydrolytic enzymes, mostly chitinase, protease and cellulose, lyse the cell wall of fungi. Therefore, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be considered as an effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable replacement to the chemical fungicides. There are many PGPRs that perform very well in controlled conditions but not in field conditions, and hence the commercializing of hese products is not easy. Development of formulations with increased shelf life, a broad spectrum of action and consistent performance under field conditions can pave the way for commercializing the PGPRs at a faster rate.
Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 2, 69-84, 2020
Critical Role of TLR4 on the Microglia Activation Induced by Maternal LPS Exposure Leading to ASD-Like Behavior of Offspring
Authors: Xiao Lu , Yan Junyan , Feng Di , Ye Shasha , Yang Ting , Wei Hua , Li Tingyu , Sun Wuqing , Chen Jie 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To investigate the role of TLR4 on the microglia activation in the pre-frontal cortex, which leads to autism-like behavior of the offspring induced by maternal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure.Methods: Pregnant TLR4−/− (knockout, KO) and WT (wild type, WT) dams were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or PBS, respectively. The levels of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the maternal serum and fetal brain were assessed with ELISA following LPS exposure. The gestation period, litter size and weight of the offspring were evaluated. Three-chamber sociability test, open field test and olfactory habituation/dishabituation test were used to assess the offspring's autism-like behavior at 7 weeks of age. Western blotting was performed to examine the levels of TLR4, Phospho-NFκB p65, IKKα, IBA-1, iNOS, Arg-1, C3, CR3A, NMDAR2A, and Syn-1 expression in the pre-frontal cortex. The morphological changes in the microglia, the distribution and expression of TLR4 were observed by immunofluorescence staining. Golgi-Cox staining was conducted to evaluate the dendritic length and spine density of the neurons in 2-week-old offspring.Results: Maternal LPS stimulation increased serum TNFα and IL-6, as well as fetal brain TNFα in the WT mice. The litter size and the weight of the WT offspring were significantly reduced following maternal LPS treatment. LPS-treated WT offspring had lower social and self-exploration behavior, and greater anxiety and repetitive behaviors. The protein expression levels of TLR4 signaling pathways, including TLR4, Phospho-NFκB p65, IKKα, and IBA-1, iNOS expression were increased in the LPS-treated WT offspring, whereas Arg-1 was decreased. Maternal LPS treatment resulted in the significant reduction in the levels of the synaptic pruning-related proteins, C3 and CR3A. Moreover, the neuronal dendritic length and spine density, as well as the expression levels of the synaptic plasticity-related proteins, NMDAR2A and Syn-1 were reduced in the WT offspring; however, gestational LPS exposure had no effect on the TLR4−/− offspring.Conclusion: Activation of TLR4 signaling pathway following maternal LPS exposure induced the abnormal activation of microglia, which in turn was involved in excessive synaptic pruning to decrease synaptic plasticity in the offspring. This may be one of the reasons for the autism-like behavior in the offspring mice.
Prognostic Risk Model of Immune-Related Genes in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Qian Yucheng , Wei Jingsun , Lu Wei , Sun Fangfang , Hwang Maxwell , Jiang Kai , Fu Dongliang , Zhou Xinyi , Kong Xiangxing , Zhu Yingshuang , Xiao Qian , Hu Yeting , Ding Kefeng 
Published: March 2021

PurposeWe focused on immune-related genes (IRGs) derived from transcriptomic studies, which had the potential to stratify patients’ prognosis and to establish a risk assessment model in colorectal cancer.SummaryThis article examined our understanding of the molecular pathways associated with intratumoral immune response, which represented a critical step for the implementation of stratification strategies toward the development of personalized immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. More and more evidence shows that IRGs play an important role in tumors. We have used data analysis to screen and identify immune-related molecular biomarkers of colon cancer. We selected 18 immune-related prognostic genes and established models to assess prognostic risks of patients, which can provide recommendations for clinical treatment and follow-up. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in human. Several studies have investigated whether IRGs and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) could be indicators of CRC prognoses. This study aimed to develop an improved prognostic signature for CRC based on IRGs to predict overall survival (OS) and provide new therapeutic targets for CRC treatment. Based on the screened IRGs, the Cox regression model was used to build a prediction model based on 18-IRG signature. Cox regression analysis revealed that the 18-IRG signature was an independent prognostic factor for OS in CRC patients. Then, we used the TIMER online database to explore the relationship between the risk scoring model and the infiltration of immune cells, and the results showed that the risk model can reflect the state of TIME to a certain extent. In short, an 18-IRG prognostic signature for predicting CRC patients’ survival was firmly established.
Survival Significance of Number of Positive Lymph Nodes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Stratified by p16
Authors: Li Peng , Fang Qigen , Yang Yanjie , Chen Defeng , Du Wei , Liu Fei , Luo Ruihua 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To analyze the significance of the number of positive lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) stratified by p16.Methods: A total of 674 patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into 4 groups based on their number of positive lymph nodes (0 vs. 1–2 vs. 3–4 vs. ≥5). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates. Cox model was used to evaluate the independent risk factor.Results: p16 showed positivity in 85 patients with a rate of 12.6%. In patients with p16 negativity, the 5-year DFS rates were 52%, 39%, and 21% in patients with 0, 1–2, and 3–4 positive lymph nodes, respectively, in patients with ≥5 positive lymph nodes, all patients developed recurrence within 2 years after operation, the difference was significant; the 5-year DSS rates were 60, 38, and 18% in patients with 0, 1–2, and 3–4 positive lymph nodes, respectively, in patients with ≥5 positive lymph nodes, all patients died within 4-years after operation. The difference was significant. In p16 positivity patients, the 3-year DFS rates were 41% and 17% in patients with 0–2 and ≥3 positive lymph nodes, respectively, the difference was significant; the 3-year DSS rates were 84 and 46% in patients with 0–2 and ≥3 positive lymph nodes, the difference was significant.Conclusions: The number of positive lymph nodes is significantly associated with the survival in oral SCC, its survival effect is not affected by p16 status.
Very-Low-Dose Levodopa Therapy for Pediatric Neurological Disorders: A Preliminary Questionnaire in Japan
Authors: Hoshino Kyoko , Hayashi Masaharu , Ishizaki Asayo , Kimura Kazue , Kubota Masaya , Nezu Atsuo , Yasuhara Akihiro 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Post-synaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity (DARSS) has been extensively researched by Dr. Masaya Segawa, who has investigated the efficacy of very-low-dose levodopa therapy (VLDT; 0.5–1 mg/kg/day). Considerable Japanese research supports the possibility that VLDT could be used to treat pediatric neurological disorders. We conducted an on-line survey in 2014 to collect real-world data on the use of VLDT to treat DARSS.Methods: A two-step survey, including a screening test and questionnaire, was posted on a private internet site that could be accessed via the VLDT Research Group home page, and 1,165 pediatric neurologists across Japan were invited to complete it.Results: A total of 25 respondents reported prescribing VLDT; 19 used VLDT to treat autism spectrum disorder, 14 for tics, 12 for speech delay, 9 for Rett syndrome, 7 for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, and 6 for sleep problems. Twelve respondents reported prescribing a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Twenty-two reported that VLDT was effective for treating behavioral problems, and twenty reported a good efficacy for treating motor symptoms. Adverse events had a low incidence. Notably, respondents chose VLDT for its possible action in DARSS and for its safety. VLDT was commonly used for behavioral problems in patients younger than 5 years, and for motor symptoms in aged 5–9 years.Conclusion: VLDT could safely treat behavioral and motor symptoms in pediatric neurological disorders. In contrast, dopamine antagonists are associated with potent efficacy, but with adverse effects such as sleepiness and obesity. Further surveys should be conducted with a broader participants.
A common dynamic prior for time in duration discrimination
Authors: de Jong Joost , Akyürek Elkan G. , van Rijn Hedderik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEstimation of time depends heavily on both global and local statistical context. Durations that are short relative to the global distribution are systematically overestimated; durations that are locally preceded by long durations are also overestimated. Context effects are prominent in duration discrimination tasks, where a standard duration and a comparison duration are presented on each trial. In this study, we compare and test two models that posit a dynamically updating internal reference that biases time estimation on global and local scales in duration discrimination tasks. The internal reference model suggests that the internal reference operates during postperceptual stages and only interacts with the first presented duration. In contrast, a Bayesian account of time estimation implies that any perceived duration updates the internal reference and therefore interacts with both the first and second presented duration. We implemented both models and tested their predictions in a duration discrimination task where the standard duration varied from trial to trial. Our results are in line with a Bayesian perspective on time estimation. First, the standard systematically biased estimation of the comparison, such that shorter standards increased the likelihood of reporting that the comparison was shorter. Second, both the previous standard and comparison systematically biased time estimation of subsequent trials in the same direction. Third, more precise observers showed smaller biases. In sum, our findings suggest a common dynamic prior for time that is updated by each perceived duration and where the relative weighting of old and new observations is determined by their relative precision.
Évaluons, évoluons
Authors: Marcel Jean-François , Murillo Audrey 
Published: March 2021

Ce chapitre, essentiellement empirique, se base sur une enquête par questionnaires conduite auprès d’ environ 200 enseignants et formateurs de l’ enseignement agricole public français provenant de 10 régions différentes de la métropole. Cette enquête permet de révéler des caractéristiques de pratiques d’ évaluation déclarées. Après avoir présenté le cadre de l’ analyse, il détaille une description des pratiques d’ évaluation en explorant trois domaines : le rapport de l’ enseignant à l’ évaluation, les modalités d’ action et les « manières de faire » de l’ enseignant. L’ analyse est ensuite conduite selon deux niveaux. Elle examine les variations des modalités d’ action et des manières de faire de l’ enseignant en fonction, d’une part, des caractéristiques des enseignants et, d’ autre part, des contextes au sein desquels elles se déploient. Une interprétation de ces résultats alimente la discussion conclusive de ce texte.
Recherches en éducation
Authors: Veyrac Hélène , Asloum Nina 
Published: March 2021

Un ensemble de recherches sur le travail des enseignants de l’enseignement agricole public français a porté sur la valorisation des expériences des apprenants (élèves ou apprentis) dans leur formation. Les résultats de ces recherches permettent de mieux comprendre les pratiques d’accompagnement proposées par les enseignants pour que « le travail permette d’apprendre ». Ils portent d’une part sur ce que sont, pour les formateurs, les conditions pour que les situations préprofessionnelles de stage des apprenants permettent un apprentissage professionnel et, d’autre part, sur ce que les formateurs mettent en œuvre pour favoriser cet apprentissage. Les travaux présentés dans ce chapitre s’intéressent aux pratiques des enseignants exerçant en formation professionnelle initiale. L’immersion des élèves en situation professionnelle et la valorisation de leurs expériences dans les parcours de formation constituent des thématiques récurrentes dans les débats concernant ces formations. Plusieurs de nos travaux (Bouillier-Oudot, Asloum et Veyrac, 2008 ; Veyrac et Asloum, 2009) ont participé à une meilleure compréhension de la valorisation des expériences en milieu professionnel dans la formation initiale de l’enseignement agricole. Ces travaux reposent sur l’analyse du travail des professeurs. Ils portent sur les activités des enseignants dans des dispositifs de formation alternant séquences en milieu professionnel et séquences en centre de formation. Ce chapitre est consacré à la présentation synthétique de ces recherches.
Recherches en éducation
Authors: Olry Paul 
Published: March 2021

Le métier des professionnels du conseil agricole connaît aujourd’hui une évolution sensible. Ce texte présente l’état des réflexions suite à plusieurs études conduites dans le champ du développement professionnel des conseillers agricoles (chambres d’agriculture). Ce chapitre expose d’abord un double point de vue, radical : dans la formation professionnelle, le travail de ceux que l’on prétend former n’est pratiquement jamais étudié, alors qu’il constitue l’objet même de cette formation. Ce faisant, les concepteurs se privent d’une connaissance essentielle pour assurer toute sa pertinence à leur intention de formation. Ce constat est particulièrement prégnant lorsqu’il s’agit de reconcevoir des pratiques de travail, dans des contextes de changement. Le texte présente d’abord la nature des évolutions qui touchent l’activité des conseillers agricoles en grande culture, avant d’exposer les modalités de l’approche didactique professionnelle et de clôturer sur son apport pour les apprentissages professionnels.
Variations autour des PME et entreprises de taille intermédiaire
Authors: Bouglet Johan 
Published: March 2021

Cette contribution part d’un constat. Les PME participent largement à l’innovation, et pour autant, elles sont souvent mises au second plan dans l’étude des processus d’innovation. Nous montrons que ce paradoxe trouve d’abord son explication dans l’hétérogénéité des PME : seule une minorité d’entre elles est fortement innovante et parvient à réaliser des ruptures stratégiques. Ces PME manquent donc de visibilité. Nous insistons ensuite sur le succès, souvent fragile, des PME fortement innovantes. Dans ce contexte, les pouvoirs publics ont un rôle à jouer comme soutien à l’innovation des PME, grâce à une gouvernance adaptée. Considérant le cas particulier de la France, il apparaît que la gouvernance publique est insuffisante et doit encore être améliorée pour soutenir efficacement l’innovation des PME.
Variations autour des PME et entreprises de taille intermédiaire
Authors: Poulain-Rehm Thierry 
Published: March 2021

L’objectif de ce chapitre est d’apporter une contribution à la connaissance des mécanismes de gouvernance tant généraux que spécifiques des entreprises familiales, en tentant d’apporter des éléments de réponses à une question centrale : quelle gouvernance pour maximiser la valeur de ces entreprises ? La recherche de pérennité et de légitimité de l’entreprise familiale au regard de la société, de ses normes et de ses valeurs, induirait l’obligation de mettre en œuvre une gouvernance susceptible de maximiser l’intérêt de ses parties prenantes. Pourtant, des travaux tendent à montrer que les entreprises familiales souffriraient comparativement aux entreprises non familiales d’une gouvernance de qualité inférieure. Cela doit conduire à analyser, successivement, l’efficience de leurs mécanismes de gouvernance tant généraux que spécifiques. Ce chapitre procède à la synthèse de quelques résultats empiriques, esquisse des voies de recherche futures et formule un certain nombre de préconisations managériales.
Variations autour des PME et entreprises de taille intermédiaire
Authors: Pichard-Stamford Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2021

Coincée entre deux perspectives dures antagonistes, la collectivité familiale d’un côté et l’ homo œconomicus de l’autre, la littérature sur l’entreprise familiale ne s’est jamais véritablement interrogée sur la question essentielle en Sciences sociales de l’ input anthropologique pour décrypter les logiques d’action à l’œuvre. « L’individu » est la pièce manquante du modèle des trois cercles (famille, entreprise, actionnariat) servant à analyser l’entreprise familiale. L’objectif de cette contribution est de resituer l’individu, défini ici comme un membre de la famille, qu’il soit associé ou non aux décisions de l’entreprise, dans toutes ses dimensions, du calculateur désincarné à l’être relationnel, affectivement et symboliquement attaché à l’entreprise familiale.
Les grandes décisions de l’histoire de France
Authors: Solnon Jean-François 
Published: March 2021

Dans la mémoire collective, Versailles est si intimement lié à Louis XIV que le château est devenu l’emblème du règne, voire celui de la France d’Ancien Régime. Pourtant, son créateur ne l’a occupé de manière permanente que tardivement, en mai 1682, après plus de vingt ans d’un règne personnel inauguré par la mort de Mazarin (1661), durant lequel le roi et la cour n’ont cessé de voyager. Lorsqu’il s’y installe définitivement, Louis, âgé de quarante-quatre ans, n’est plus un jeune homme. Molière et Turenne sont morts ; Lille, Besançon et Strasbourg ont été conquises et le roi, las de l’altière marquise de Montespan, s’apprête à épouser Mme de Maintenon. L’abandon du traditionnel nomadisme royal ne signifie pas seulement l’attachement de Louis à sa création ou la stabilité géographique de la cour. Le choix du château comme résidence permanente accompagne quelques grandes réussites du règne. Dans un Versailles sans cesse agrandi, Louis façonne et modèle la cour chargée de répondre à la volonté politique de son maître de maintenir la paix civile. L’installation au château suit de près ses succès militaires pendant la guerre de Hollande que le décor de Versailles rappelle et magnifie, et dont les traités de Nimègue (1678-1679) consacrent les fruits. Une sorte d’ivresse de la gloire saisit alors le monarque dont les provocations en pleine paix laissent croire en sa prétention à la monarchie universelle. Elle est enfin contemporaine d’une intransigeance religieuse dont jansénistes et réformés font les frais. Entre l’annonce en 1677 de l’élection de Versailles comme résidence permanente de la cour et 1685 où la galerie des Glaces à peine achevée reçoit le doge de Gênes, le règne du Roi-Soleil atteint son zénith .