bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric disorders in incident patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis - a case-control cohort study
Authors: Kyllönen Minna S. , Ebeling Hanna , Kautiainen Hannu , Puolakka Kari , Vähäsalo Paula 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic illness, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), appears to have an impact on the mental health of children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to explore the incidence of mental and behavioural disorders according to age at JIA onset and gender in JIA patients compared to a control population.

Methods
Information on all incident patients with JIA in 2000–2014 was collected from the nationwide register, maintained by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. The National Population Registry identified three controls (similar regarding age, sex and residence) for each case. They were followed up together until 31st Dec. 2016. ICD-10 codes of their psychiatric diagnoses (F10-F98) were obtained from the Care Register of the National Institute for Health and Welfare. The data were analysed using generalized linear models.

Results
The cumulative incidence of psychiatric morbidity was higher among the JIA patients than the controls, hazard ratio 1.70 (95% Cl 1.57 to 1.74), p < 0.001. Phobic, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40–48) and mood (affective) disorders (F30–39) were the most common psychiatric diagnoses in both the JIA patients (10.4 and 8.2%) and the control group (5.4 and 5.1%), respectively. Female patients were more prone to mental and behavioural disorders than males were, and the risk seemed to be higher in patients who developed JIA in early childhood or adolescence.

Conclusion
Patients with JIA are diagnosed with mental and behavioural disorders more often than controls, and the age at onset of JIA could have implications for future mental health.
Rapid versus traditional qualitative analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)
Authors: Nevedal Andrea L. , Reardon Caitlin M. , Opra Widerquist Marilla A. , Jackson George L. , Cutrona Sarah L. , White Brandolyn S. , Damschroder Laura J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundQualitative approaches, alone or in mixed methods, are prominent within implementation science. However, traditional qualitative approaches are resource intensive, which has led to the development of rapid qualitative approaches. Published rapid approaches are often inductive in nature and rely on transcripts of interviews. We describe a deductive rapid analysis approach using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) that uses notes and audio recordings. This paper compares our rapid versus traditional deductive CFIR approach.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted for two cohorts of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Diffusion of Excellence (DoE). The CFIR guided data collection and analysis. In cohort A, we used our traditional CFIR-based deductive analysis approach (directed content analysis), where two analysts completed independent in-depth manual coding of interview transcripts using qualitative software. In cohort B, we used our new rapid CFIR-based deductive analysis approach (directed content analysis), where the primary analyst wrote detailed notes during interviews and immediately “coded” notes into a MS Excel CFIR construct by facility matrix; a secondary analyst then listened to audio recordings and edited the matrix. We tracked time for our traditional and rapid deductive CFIR approaches using a spreadsheet and captured transcription costs from invoices. We retrospectively compared our approaches in terms of effectiveness and rigor.ResultsCohorts A and B were similar in terms of the amount of data collected. However, our rapid deductive CFIR approach required 409.5 analyst hours compared to 683 h during the traditional deductive CFIR approach. The rapid deductive approach eliminated $7250 in transcription costs. The facility-level analysis phase provided the greatest savings: 14 h/facility for the traditional analysis versus 3.92 h/facility for the rapid analysis. Data interpretation required the same number of hours for both approaches.ConclusionOur rapid deductive CFIR approach was less time intensive and eliminated transcription costs, yet effective in meeting evaluation objectives and establishing rigor. Researchers should consider the following when employing our approach: (1) team expertise in the CFIR and qualitative methods, (2) level of detail needed to meet project aims, (3) mode of data to analyze, and (4) advantages and disadvantages of using the CFIR.
Hybrid promoter engineering strategies in Yarrowia lipolytica: isoamyl alcohol production as a test study
Authors: Zhao Yu , Liu Shiqi , Lu Zhihui , Zhao Baixiang , Wang Shuhui , Zhang Cuiying , Xiao Dongguang , Foo Jee Loon , Yu Aiqun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
In biological cells, promoters drive gene expression by specific binding of RNA polymerase. They determine the starting position, timing and level of gene expression. Therefore, rational fine-tuning of promoters to regulate the expression levels of target genes for optimizing biosynthetic pathways in metabolic engineering has recently become an active area of research.

Results
In this study, we systematically detected and characterized the common promoter elements in the unconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and constructed an artificial hybrid promoter library that covers a wide range of promoter strength. The results indicate that the hybrid promoter strength can be fine-tuned by promoter elements, namely, upstream activation sequences (UAS), TATA box and core promoter. Notably, the UASs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoters were reported for the first time to be functionally transferred to Y. lipolytica. Subsequently, using the production of a versatile platform chemical isoamyl alcohol as a test study, the hybrid promoter library was applied to optimize the biosynthesis pathway expression in Y. lipolytica. By expressing the key pathway gene, ScARO10, with the promoter library, 1.1–30.3 folds increase in the isoamyl alcohol titer over that of the control strain Y. lipolytica Po1g KU70∆ was achieved. Interestingly, the highest titer increase was attained with a weak promoter PUAS1B4-EXPm to express ScARO10. These results suggest that our hybrid promoter library can be a powerful toolkit for identifying optimum promoters for expressing metabolic pathways in Y. lipolytica.

Conclusion
We envision that this promoter engineering strategy and the rationally engineered promoters constructed in this study could also be extended to other non-model fungi for strain improvement.
The effect of cattle-administered ivermectin and fipronil on the mortality and fecundity of Anopheles arabiensis Patton
Authors: Makhanthisa Takalani I. , Braack Leo , Lutermann Heike 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Malaria control primarily depends on two vector control strategies: indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Both IRS and LLIN target indoor-biting mosquitoes. However, some of the most important malaria vectors have developed resistance against the chemical compounds used in IRS and LLINs. Insecticide-induced behavioural changes in vectors, such as increased outdoor feeding on cattle and other animals, also limit the effectiveness of these strategies. Novel vector control strategies must therefore be found to complement IRS and LLINs. A promising tool is the use of cattle-applied endectocides. Endectocides are broad-spectrum systemic drugs that are effective against a range of internal nematodes parasites and blood-feeding arthropods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two endectocide drugs, injectable ivermectin and topical fipronil, on the survival and fecundity of zoophilic Anopheles arabiensis.

Methods
Laboratory-reared mosquitoes were allowed to feed on cattle treated with either injectable ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), topical fipronil (1.0 mg/kg) or saline (control) on days 0, 1, 4, 7, 13, 21 and 25 post-treatment, and mortality and egg production were recorded daily.

Results
Compared to controls, the mortality of An. arabiensis increased by 3.52- and 2.43-fold with injectable ivermectin and topical fipronil, respectively. The overall fecundity of mosquitoes that fed on both ivermectin- and fipronil-treated cattle was significantly reduced by up to 90 and 60%, respectively, compared to the control group. The effects of both drugs attenuated over a period of 3 weeks. Injectable ivermectin was more effective than topical fipronil and increased mosquito mortality by a risk factor of 1.51 higher than fipronil. Similarly, both drugs significantly reduced the fecundity of An. arabiensis.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that injectable ivermectin and topical fipronil are able to suppress An. arabiensis density and could help to reduce outdoor malaria transmission. Data from the present study as well as from other similar studies suggest that current-generation endectocides have a limited duration of action and are expensive. However, new-generation, sustained-release formulations of ivermectin have a multi-week, high mortality impact on vector populations, thus holding promise of an effective reduction of outdoor malaria transmission.

Graphical abstract
Patterns of immunotherapy-induced pneumonitis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a case series
Authors: Picard Sarah , Goh Desiree , Tan Ashley , Sikotra Nisha , Gabbay Eli , Clay Tim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Immunotherapy has become an efficacious option in the management of solid organ malignancies. Immune-related adverse events including pneumonitis are well described and may be particularly of concern in patients receiving immunotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer.

Case presentations
In this paper, we describe three cases of immunotherapy-induced pneumonitis occurring in the management of lung malignancy. Our cases include a 54-year-old Caucasian woman with squamous cell lung cancer who was successfully rechallenged with immunotherapy after prior significant pneumonitis, a 65-year-old Caucasian man with metastatic squamous cell lung cancer who developed pneumonitis after multiple cycles of uneventful immunotherapy, and a 73-year-old Caucasian man with squamous cell lung cancer who developed early-onset pneumonitis with rebound on steroid taper.

Conclusions
This case series has provided further insight into the presentation and risk factors for pneumonitis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Each of the cases of immunotherapy-induced pneumonitis illustrates the different potential patterns that may arise when immunotherapy-induced pneumonitis develops. This case series provides key learning points that may assist physicians managing non-small-cell lung cancer with immunotherapy.
Hypoproliferative human neural progenitor cell xenografts survived extendedly in the brain of immunocompetent rats
Authors: Liu Chunhua , Wang Xiaoyun , Huang Wenhao , Meng Wei , Su Zhenghui , Xing Qi , Shi Heng , Zhang Di , Zhou Min , Zhao Yifan , Wang Haitao , Pan Guangjin , Zhong Xiaofen , Pei Duanqing , Guo Yiping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a huge controversy about whether xenograft or allograft in the “immune-privileged” brain needs immunosuppression. In animal studies, the prevailing sophisticated use of immunosuppression or immunodeficient animal is detrimental for the recipients, which results in a short lifespan of animals, confounds functional behavioral readout of the graft benefits, and discourages long-term follow-up.MethodsNeuron-restricted neural progenitor cells (NPCs) were derived from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs, including H1, its gene-modified cell lines for better visualization, and HN4), propagated for different passages, and then transplanted into the brain of immunocompetent rats without immunosuppressants. The graft survivals, their cell fates, and HLA expression levels were examined over time (up to 4 months after transplantation). We compared the survival capability of NPCs from different passages and in different transplantation sites (intra-parenchyma vs. para- and intra-cerebroventricle). The host responses to the grafts were also investigated.ResultsOur results show that human ESC-derived neuron-restricted NPCs survive extendedly in adult rat brain parenchyma with no need of immunosuppression whereas a late-onset graft rejection seems inevitable. Both donor HLA antigens and host MHC-II expression level remain relatively low with little change over time and cannot predict the late-onset rejection. The intra-/para-cerebroventricular human grafts are more vulnerable to the immune attack than the intrastriatal counterparts. Prevention of graft hyperplasia by using hypoproliferative late passaged human NPCs further significantly extends the graft survival time. Our new data also shows that a subpopulation of host microglia upregulate MHC-II expression in response to the human graft, but fail to present the human antigen to the host immune system, suggestive of the immune-isolation role of the blood–brain barrier (BBB).ConclusionsThe present study confirms the “immune privilege” of the brain parenchyma and, more importantly, unveils that choosing hypoproliferative NPCs for transplantation can benefit graft outcome in terms of both lower tumor-genic risk and the prolonged survival time without immunosuppression.
Components loss for neural networks in mask-based speech enhancement
Authors: Xu Ziyi , Elshamy Samy , Zhao Ziyue , Fingscheidt Tim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEstimating time-frequency domain masks for single-channel speech enhancement using deep learning methods has recently become a popular research field with promising results. In this paper, we propose a novel components loss (CL) for the training of neural networks for mask-based speech enhancement. During the training process, the proposed CL offers separate control over preservation of the speech component quality, suppression of the noise component, and preservation of a naturally sounding residual noise component. We illustrate the potential of the proposed CL by evaluating a standard convolutional neural network (CNN) for mask-based speech enhancement. The new CL is compared to several baseline losses, comprising the conventional mean squared error (MSE) loss w.r.t. speech spectral amplitudes or w.r.t. an ideal-ratio mask, auditory-related loss functions, such as the perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) loss and the perceptual weighting filter loss, and also the recently proposed SNR loss with two masks. Detailed analysis suggests that the proposed CL obtains a better or at least a more balanced performance across all employed instrumental quality metrics, including SNR improvement, speech component quality, enhanced total speech quality, and particularly also delivers a natural sounding residual noise component. For unseen noise types, we excel even perceptually motivated losses by an about 0.2 points higher PESQ score. The recently proposed so-called SNR loss with two masks not only requires a network with more parameters due to the two decoder heads, but also falls behind on PESQ and POLQA and particularly w.r.t. residual noise quality. Note that the proposed CL shows significantly more 1st ranks among the evaluation metrics than any other baseline. It is easy to implement, and code is provided at https://github.com/ifnspaml/Components-Loss.
Management of the grape mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), using entomopathogenic fungi and botanical oils: a laboratory study
Authors: Gopal Gurav Shrishail , Venkateshalu Balaiah , Nadaf A. M. , Guru P. N. , Pattepur Sateesh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the bio-efficacy and cumulative effect of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), viz., Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Zare and Gams, and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and different botanical oils against grape mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green). M. hirsutus infestation during berry formation has left no option other than chemical management. However, the pesticide application during this stage leads to residues. Thus, safer and sustainable biological need was tested for their effectiveness against M. hirsutus.

Results
Dipping bioassay technique was used to determine the cumulative mortality. When L. lecanii was used as sole (at 6 and 4 g/l), significant mortality was observed (51.63 and 50.18%). However, the maximum cumulative nymphal mortality was achieved when the combination of EPF formulations was used, i.e., 57.64% with B. bassiana + L. lecanii (6 g/l + 6 g/l). Their effectiveness was at par with the same combination but with minimal concentration, i.e., 4 g/l + 4 g/l (56.29%). Concerning the botanical oils evaluated, neem oil at 15 ml/l achieved a higher mortality of 81.36%. Consecutive effective treatment was a combination of neem oil and pongamia oil (at 10 + 10 ml/l) with 79.65% mortality. However, the standard dosage of neem oil (at 10 ml/l) and IIHR neem soap (at 10 g/l) also recorded the significant mortality of 78.09 and 77.67%, respectively. When compared, the neem oil was found significantly superior in sole and compatible combination than pongamia oil.

Conclusions
Lecanicillium lecanii and neem oil (sole and in combination with other compatible bioagents) proved significantly better for the management against M. hirsutus with an efficacy of 90.21 and 96.67 % mortality, respectively against the standard chemical control (more than 97%).
Biocontrol potential of the entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against the termite species, Microtermes obesi (Holmgren) (Blattodea: Termitidae)
Authors: Javed Salma , Ali Ashraf , Khanum Tabassum Ara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Globally, termites cause a great problem for the farmers which eat the stalk of the wheat, maize, and the sugarcane and also affect the growth of vegetables. For ecological farming system, biocontrol agents represent a vital implement in pest management policies. Biological control can play a probable, even more considerable part to reduce the adverse possessions of synthetic chemical pesticides.

Results
The present study aimed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of one heterorhabditid species and 4 steinernematid species against the termite species (Microtermes obesi (Holmgren) (Blattodea: Termitidae)) on filter paper bioassay and wooden logs. Among all tested species of the entomopathogenic nematodes, maximum mortality rates 100% were obtained by using Steinernema pakistanense N-KA.04 and S. bifurcatum N-KA.93 after 48 h of the application. S. siamkayai N-KA.12 mortality ranged (85–87%), followed by S. ceratophorum N-KA.57 (77–80%) and then Heterorhabditis indica N-KA.03 (70–77%) at the highest concentrations (350–650 IJs/ml).

Conclusions
The expansion of appropriate application products for the management of termite effectiveness, observing and timing of application, participation of farmers in checking, and judgment is essential to avert disasters of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in field conditions and to make farmers’ confident with the use of the most promising species of EPNs.
Phosphate Concentrations and Modifying Factors in Healthy Children From 12 to 24 Months of Age
Authors: Koljonen Laura , Enlund-Cerullo Maria , Hauta-alus Helena , Holmlund-Suila Elisa , Valkama Saara , Rosendahl Jenni , Andersson Sture , Pekkinen Minna , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Context
Phosphate homeostasis and its modifiers in early childhood are inadequately characterized.

Objective
To determine physiological plasma phosphate concentration and modifying factors in healthy infants at 12 to 24 months of age.

Design
This study included 525 healthy infants (53% girls), who participated in a randomized vitamin D intervention trial and received daily vitamin D3 supplementation of either 10 or 30 μg from age 2 weeks to 24 months. Biochemical parameters were measured at 12 and 24 months. Dietary phosphate intake was determined at 12 months.

Main Outcome Measures
Plasma phosphate concentrations at 12 and 24 months of age.

Results
Mean (SD) phosphate concentration decreased from 12 months (1.9 ± 0.15 mmol/L) to 24 months (1.6 ± 0.17 mmol/L) of age (P &lt; 0.001 for repeated measurements). When adjusted by covariates, such as body size, creatinine, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, intact and C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23, mean plasma phosphate was higher in boys than girls during follow-up (P = 0.019). Phosphate concentrations were similar in the vitamin D intervention groups (P &gt; 0.472 for all). Plasma iron was associated positively with plasma phosphate at both time points (B, 0.006 and 0.005; 95% CI, 0.004-0.009 and 0.002-0.008; P &lt; 0.001 at both time points, respectively). At 24 months of age, the main modifier of phosphate concentration was plasma creatinine (B, 0.007; 95% CI 0.003-0.011, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Plasma phosphate concentration decreased from age 12 to 24 months. In infants and toddlers, the strongest plasma phosphate modifiers were sex, iron, and creatinine, whereas vitamin D supplementation did not modify phosphate concentrations.
Shocks to Hospital Occupancy and Mortality: Evidence from the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic
Authors: Gutierrez Emilio , Rubli Adrian 
Published: July 2021

Existing literature suggests that hospital occupancy matters for quality of care, as measured by various patient outcomes. However, estimating the causal effect of increased hospital busyness on in-hospital mortality remains an elusive task due to statistical power challenges and the difficulty in separating shocks to occupancy from changes in patient composition. Using data from a large public hospital system in Mexico, we estimate the impact of congestion on in-hospital mortality by exploiting the shock in hospitalizations induced by the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, instrumenting hospital admissions due to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) with measures of ARI cases at nearby healthcare facilities as a proxy for the size of the local outbreak. Our instrumental-variables estimates show that a 1% increase in ARI admissions in 2009 led to a 0.25% increase in non-ARI in-hospital mortality. We show that these effects are nonlinear in the size of the local outbreak, consistent with the existence of tipping points. We further show that effects are concentrated at hospitals with limited infrastructure, suggesting that supply-side policies that improve patient assignment across hospitals and strategically increase hospital capacity could mitigate some of the negative impacts. We discuss managerial implications, suggesting that up to 25%–30% of our estimated deaths at small and non-intensive-care-unit hospitals could have been averted by reallocating patients to reduce congestion. This paper was accepted by Carri Chan, healthcare management.