bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative management of the colonic gallstone
Authors: Hurst Katherine Victoria , Peiris Georgina Bryony , Booth Michael 
Published: November 2021

A 74-year-old woman presents with a 7-day history of increasing lower abdominal pains and reduced bowel movements; resulting in absolute constipation.Twenty-four hours prior to admission she also had symptoms of nauseous and significant abdominal distention. Her past medical history included; diverticulitis, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, an ultrasound scan in 2005 confirming gallstones, but no previous abdominal surgery.She was initially treated for bowel obstruction and a CT arranged. CT showed a 4.5 cm gallstone in mid-sigmoid colon and a cholecystocolonic fistula. She was booked for colonoscopy±laparotomy, but on the morning of her planned procedure she repeatedly opened her bowels. Subsequent colonoscopy was negative and repeat CT confirmed the stone was no longer within the gastrointestinal tract.
Optimising a couples-focused intervention to increase couples’ HIV testing and counselling using the person-based approach: a qualitative study in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
Authors: Morton Katherine , Mhlakwaphalwa Tembeka , Msimango Lindani , van Heerden Alastair , Ngubane Thulani , Joseph Philip , Ngcobo Nathi , Feng Z , Hosegood Victoria , van Rooyen Heidi , McGrath Nuala 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesThis qualitative study explored how to optimise a couples-focused intervention to promote couples HIV testing and counselling (CHTC).SettingCommunity setting in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa.ParticipantsQualitative interviews were conducted with 20 couples who had participated in a couples-focused intervention and five staff members delivering the intervention. Partners were interviewed individually by researchers of the same gender.InterventionA couples-focused intervention comprised of two group sessions and four couples counselling sessions was previously shown to significantly increase uptake to CHTC in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. However, more than half of couples participating in the intervention still chose not to test together during follow-up.AnalysisThe transcripts were analysed using the table of changes from the person-based approach. Proposed optimisations were discussed with a community group to ensure the intervention was as persuasive and acceptable as possible.ResultsMany couples found it challenging to discuss CHTC with their partner due to an implied lack of trust. Optimisations to the intervention were identified to increase readiness to discuss CHTC, including education about serodiscordance, discussions about CHTC by peer mentors and open discussion of personal barriers to CHTC during couples’ counselling sessions. Additional training for staff in open questioning techniques could help them feel more comfortable to explore couples’ perceived barriers to CHTC, rather than advising couples to test. A logic model was developed to show anticipated mechanisms through which the optimised intervention would increase uptake to CHTC, including increasing knowledge, increasing positive outcome beliefs and managing negative emotions.ConclusionsIn-depth qualitative research informed optimisations to a couples-focused intervention for further evaluation in South Africa to encourage uptake to CHTC. Suggestions are made for optimal methods to gain open feedback on intervention experiences where participants may be reluctant to share negative views.
Well-being, physical fitness and health profile of 10–12 years old boys in relation to leisure-time sports club activities: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Larsen Malte Nejst , Madsen Mads , Cyril Rasmus , Madsen Esben Elholm , Lind Rune R , Ryom Knud , Christiansen Søren Riis , Elbe Anne-Marie , Krustrup Peter 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesThis study investigated the correlation between sports club activities and well-being and physical health parameters in 10–12 years old boys.DesignCross sectional.SettingDanish schools.Participants2293 boys took part in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresQuestionnaires on participation in sports clubs and well-being and testing of physical health profile through measurement of body composition, resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure and postural balance, jump and Yo-Yo IR1C performance. Data were analysed by participation in sport and according to the five most frequently reported sports.ResultsBoys enrolled in sports clubs had higher physical well-being (51.7±9.7 vs 45.9±8.7) and psychological well-being (53.3±9.6 vs 51.4±10.0), experienced more peers and social support (50.9±9.9 vs 48.0±11.6), and had a more positive perception of the school environment (48.6±7.5 vs 45.9±8.1) than boys not involved in sports clubs. In addition, they showed better Yo-Yo IR1C (+46%), long jump (9%) and balance test performance (+20%). The boys active in sports clubs had higher relative muscle mass (+6%) and lower fat percentage (−3%), body mass index (−6%) and RHR (−5%) compared with boys not involved in sports clubs (p<0.05). Boys enrolled in football clubs had higher aerobic fitness compared with boys not active in clubs (+11%), handball players (+5%), swimmers (+8%) and badminton players (+7%). Moreover, the boys enrolled in football clubs had lower fat percentage (−17%) and higher relative muscle mass (+4%) than swimmers.ConclusionBoys participating in club-based sports showed markedly higher levels of well-being and better physical health profiles than boys not involved in sports club activities. Footballers had superior aerobic fitness and body composition compared with those active in other sports. Results suggest that sports club activities seem to be beneficial for young boys’ well-being, fitness and physical health profile, with the greatest benefits achieved by boys involved in football.
Acute estradiol and progesterone therapy in hospitalised adults to reduce COVID-19 severity: a randomised control trial
Authors: Lovre Dragana , Bateman Kristin , Sherman Mya , Fonseca Vivian A , Lefante John , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionAs of November 2021, COVID-19 has killed more than 5 million people globally, including over 750 000 in the USA. Apart from corticosteroids, most available therapeutic options are at best marginally efficient in reducing disease severity and are extremely expensive. The systematic investigation of clinically approved drugs is a priority to determine what does mitigate disease severity. Oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) produce a state of anti-inflammatory immune responses and immune tolerance, and enhanced antibody production. The goal of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy of a short E2 and P4 therapy, in addition to standard of care (SOC), in mitigating disease severity in COVID-19 hospitalised patients.Methods and analysisPhase 2, randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre trial. Patients hospitalised for confirmed COVID-19, with scores 3–5 on the 9-point WHO ordinal scale are randomised between two arms: (1) Oestradiol cypionate intramuscular (IM) and micronised progesterone oral (PO), in addition to SOC, and (2) placebo, in addition to SOC. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients improving to scores 1 or 2 on the WHO scale through day 28. Secondary outcomes include length of hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, cause of death, readmission rates, change in inflammatory biomarkers between admission and occurrence of primary endpoint, and adverse events. Study sample size will be up to 120 participants. The trial is currently recruiting subjects.Ethics and disseminationThe sponsor of this study is the Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine at Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Ethical approval was obtained from the Tulane institutional review board on 14 May 2021. The study was reviewed by the US Food and Drug Administration and granted Investigational New Drug #152 499. Results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT04865029; Pre-results.
Exploring patients’ experiences of analgesia after major lower limb amputation: a qualitative study
Authors: Milosevic Sarah , Strange Heather , Morgan Melanie , Ambler Graeme K , Bosanquet David C , Waldron Cherry-Ann , Thomas-Jones Emma , Harris Debbie , Twine Christopher P , Brookes-Howell Lucy 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo explore patient experiences, understanding and perceptions of analgesia following major lower limb amputation.DesignQualitative interview study, conducted as part of a randomised controlled feasibility trial.SettingParticipants were recruited from two general hospitals in South Wales.ParticipantsInterview participants were patients enrolled in PLACEMENT (Perineural Local Anaesthetic Catheter aftEr Major lowEr limb amputatioN Trial): a randomised controlled feasibility trial comparing the use of perineural catheter (PNC) versus standard care for postoperative pain relief following major lower limb amputation. PLACEMENT participants who completed 5-day postoperative follow-up, were able and willing to participate in a face-to-face interview, and had consented to be contacted, were eligible to take part in the qualitative study. A total of 20 interviews were conducted with 14 participants: 10 male and 4 female.MethodsSemi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants over two time points: (1) up to 1 month and (2) at least 6 months following amputation. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a framework approach.ResultsInterviews revealed unanticipated benefits of PNC usage for postoperative pain relief. Participants valued the localised and continuous nature of this mode of analgesia in comparison to opioids. Concerns about opioid dependence and side effects of pain relief medication were raised by participants in both treatment groups, with some reporting trying to limit their intake of analgesics.ConclusionsFindings suggest routine placement of a PNC following major lower limb amputation could reduce postoperative pain, particularly for patient groups at risk of postoperative delirium. This method of analgesic delivery also has the potential to reduce preoperative anxiety, alleviate the burden of pain management and minimise opioid use. Future research could further examine the comparison between patient-controlled analgesia and continuous analgesia in relation to patient anxiety and satisfaction with pain management.Trial registration numberISRCTN: 85710690; EudraCT: 2016-003544-37.
Cohort study of the characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and in-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Holm Astrid , Jerkeman Matilda , Sultanian Pedram , Lundgren Peter , Ravn-Fischer Annica , Israelsson Johan , Giesecke Jasna , Herlitz Johan , Rawshani Araz 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveWe studied characteristics, survival, causes of cardiac arrest, conditions preceding cardiac arrest, predictors of survival and trends in the prevalence of COVID-19 among in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) cases.Design and settingRegistry-based observational study.ParticipantsWe studied all cases (≥18 years of age) of IHCA receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during 15 March 2020 to 31 December 2020. A total of 1613 patients were included and divided into the following groups: ongoing infection (COVID-19+;n=182), no infection (COVID-19–;n=1062) and unknown/not assessed (n=369).Main outcomes and measuresWe studied monthly trends in proportions of COVID-19 associated IHCAs, causes of IHCA in relation to COVID-19 status, clinical conditions preceding the cardiac arrest and predictors of survival.ResultsThe rate of COVID-19+ patients suffering an IHCA increased to 23% during the first pandemic wave (April), then abated to 3% in July, and then increased to 19% during the second wave (December). Among COVID-19+ cases, 43% had respiratory insufficiency or infection as the underlying cause of the cardiac arrest, compared with 18% among COVID-19– cases. The most common clinical sign preceding cardiac arrest was hypoxia (57%) among COVID-19+ cases. OR for 30-day survival for COVID-19+ cases was 0.50 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.76), compared with COVID-19– cases.ConclusionDuring pandemic peaks, up to one-fourth of all IHCAs are complicated by COVID-19, and these patients have halved chance of survival, with women displaying the worst outcomes.
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for the treatment of resistant major depressive disorder (PsiDeR): protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Rucker James , Jafari Hassan , Mantingh Tim , Bird Catherine , Modlin Nadav Liam , Knight Gemma , Reinholdt Frederick , Day Camilla , Carter Ben , Young Allan 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionPsilocybin-assisted therapy may be a new treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), with encouraging data from pilot trials. In this trial (short name: PsiDeR) we aimed to test the feasibility of a parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled design. The primary outcomes in this trial are measures of feasibility: recruitment rates, dropout rates and the variance of the primary outcome measure of depression.Methods and analysisWe are recruiting up to 60 participants at a single centre in London, UK who are unresponsive to, or intolerant of, at least two evidence-based treatments for MDD. Participants are randomised to receive a single dosing session of 25 mg psilocybin or a placebo. All participants receive a package of psychological therapy. The primary outcome measure for depression is the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale collected by blinded, independent raters. The primary endpoint is at 3 weeks, and the total follow-up is 6 weeks. With further informed consent, this study collects neuroimaging and omics data for mechanism and biomarker analyses and offers participants an open label extension consisting of a further, open label dose of 25 mg of psilocybin.Ethics and disseminationAll participants will be required to provide written informed consent. The trial has been authorised by the National Research Ethics Committee (20-LO/0206), Health Research Authority (252750) and Medicine’s and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (CTA 14523/0284/001-0001) in the UK. Dissemination of results will occur via a peer-reviewed publication and other relevant media.Trial registration numbersEUDRACT2018-003573-97;NCT04959253.
Mindfulness Integrated Cognitive Behavioural Intervention: Effects on Palliative Cancer Care Professionals
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Sharma Mahendra P , Chaturvedi Santosh K 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveBeing a palliative cancer care professional is challenging and stressful. In recent decades, there has been more interest in mindfulness to improve overall well-being of healthcare professionals. Mindfulness integrated cognitive behavioural interventions (MICBI) are more practical, flexible and understandable than traditional psychological therapies alone. There is a dearth of studies in India with no psychological intervention in palliative cancer care professionals to date. The aim was to examine the effects of MICBI for professional care workers at palliative cancer care centres in Bengaluru city of Southern India.MethodsA single group study design was adopted with pre, post and 3-month follow-up assessment with a sample of 25 participants working full-time at a hospice. The MICBI programme was for six sessions, once a week for 2–2.5 hours. Outcome variables were professional quality of life measures (burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction), psychological well-being score and mindfulness skills score (assessed using Professional Quality of Life Scale-V.5, Psychological Well-Being Scale and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire). Wilcoxon signed rank test and Friedman test analysed differences between pre, post and follow-up data.ResultsThe MICBI could significantly reduce burnout and secondary traumatic stress; it improved compassion satisfaction, psychological well-being and mindfulness skills; treatment gains were maintained at 3 months follow-up.ConclusionsMICBI was feasible and effective for palliative cancer care professionals with implications for training, practice and future research.PROSPERO registration numberThe study was registered under the Clinical Trials Registry- India (CTRI) (number: CTRI/2018/03/019170).
Online computing challenges: detector and read-out requirements
Authors: Brenner Richard , Leonidopoulos Christos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe operation at the Z-pole of the FCC-ee machine will deliver the highest possible instantaneous luminosities with the goal of collecting the largest Z boson datasets (Tera-Z), and enable a programme of standard model physics studies with unprecedented precision. The data acquisition and trigger systems of the FCC-ee experiments must be designed to be as unbiased and robust as possible, with the goal of containing the systematic uncertainties associated with these datasets at the smallest possible level, in order to not compromise the extremely small statistical uncertainties. In designing these experiments, we are confronted by questions on detector read-out speeds with an extremely tight material and power budget, trigger systems with a first hardware level or implemented exclusively on software, impact of background sources on event sizes, ultimate precision luminosity monitoring (to the $$10^{-5}$$

10

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5

–$$10^{-4}$$

10

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4

level) and sensitivity to a broad range of non-conventional exotic signatures, such as long-lived non-relativistic particles. We will review the various challenges on online selection for the most demanding Tera-Z running scenario and the constraints they pose on the design of FCC-ee detectors.
Deep Siamese Metric Learning: A Highly Scalable Approach to Searching Unordered Sets of Trajectories
Authors: Löffler Christoffer , Reeb Luca , Dzibela Daniel , Marzilger Robert , Witt Nicolas , Eskofier Björn M. , Mutschler Christopher 
Published: November 2021

This work proposes metric learning for fast similarity-based scene retrieval of unstructured ensembles of trajectory data from large databases. We present a novel representation learning approach using Siamese Metric Learning that approximates a distance preserving low-dimensional representation and that learns to estimate reasonable solutions to the assignment problem. To this end, we employ a Temporal Convolutional Network architecture that we extend with a gating mechanism to enable learning from sparse data, leading to solutions to the assignment problem exhibiting varying degrees of sparsity.
Our experimental results on professional soccer tracking data provides insights on learned features and embeddings, as well as on generalization, sensitivity, and network architectural considerations. Our low approximation errors for learned representations and the interactive performance with retrieval times several magnitudes smaller shows that we outperform previous state of the art.
Impairment of Lung Function Increases the Risk of Postoperative Respiratory Failure for Esophageal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Yanming , Zhu Ying 
Published: November 2021

Objective. To study lung function impairment by meta-analysis to increase the risk of postoperative respiratory failure in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Methods. We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and CNKI and other databases, and the search time was set to the time the database was established. We screened the relevant literature to study the relationship between lung function damage and postoperative respiratory failure in patients with esophageal cancer, determined to include the literature and extracted relevant data, and then, applied NOS. The scale evaluates the quality of the literature, and the ReviewManager software was used to perform meta-analysis on the extracted data. Results. Finally, 9 related articles and 2822 research subjects were included, and the average score of literature quality was 5.78 points, the heterogeneity of the literature was large (I2 = 84%), the random effects model was used for analysis, and the correlation between the two showed SMD = 0.09, 95%CI[−0.09, 0.31], Z = 1.10,

P

= 0.27, which is consistent with the results of the subgroup analysis. Conclusion. The results of the study show that lung function impairment has a positive relationship with postoperative respiratory failure in patients with esophageal cancer. Pulmonary function impairment in cases with different case characteristics can also aggravate the severity of respiratory failure.
Using Circulating Tumor DNA for Colon Cancer Adjuvant Therapy: To Be or Not to Be?
Authors: Morris Van K. , George Thomas J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) postoperatively is prognostic for recurrence for patients with stage III colon cancer. Those with sustained undetectable ctDNA will likely be cured. Eradication of minimal residual disease (per ctDNA clearance) with chemotherapy did not occur in most ctDNA-positive patients and led to eventual disease relapse.
See related article by Henriksen et al., p. 507
Mutant IDH Inhibits IFNγ–TET2 Signaling to Promote Immunoevasion and Tumor Maintenance in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Meng-Ju , Shi Lei , Dubrot Juan , Merritt Joshua , Vijay Vindhya , Wei Ting-Yu , Kessler Emily , Olander Kira E. , Adil Ramzi , Pankaj Amaya , Tummala Krishna Seshu , Weeresekara Vajira , Zhen Yuanli , Wu Qibiao , Luo Meiqi , Shen William , García-Beccaria María , Fernández-Vaquero Mirian , Hudson Christine , Ronseaux Sebastien , Sun Yi , Saad-Berreta Rodrigo , Jenkins Russell W. , Wang Tong , Heikenwälder Mathias , Ferrone Cristina R. , Goyal Lipika , Nicolay Brandon , Deshpande Vikram , Kohli Rahul M. , Zheng Hongwu , Manguso Robert T. , Bardeesy Nabeel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutations (mIDH1) are common in cholangiocarcinoma. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate generated by the mIDH1 enzyme inhibits multiple α-ketoglutarate–dependent enzymes, altering epigenetics and metabolism. Here, by developing mIDH1-driven genetically engineered mouse models, we show that mIDH1 supports cholangiocarcinoma tumor maintenance through an immunoevasion program centered on dual (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate–mediated mechanisms: suppression of CD8+ T-cell activity and tumor cell–autonomous inactivation of TET2 DNA demethylase. Pharmacologic mIDH1 inhibition stimulates CD8+ T-cell recruitment and interferon γ (IFNγ) expression and promotes TET2-dependent induction of IFNγ response genes in tumor cells. CD8+ T-cell depletion or tumor cell–specific ablation of TET2 or IFNγ receptor 1 causes treatment resistance. Whereas immune-checkpoint activation limits mIDH1 inhibitor efficacy, CTLA4 blockade overcomes immunosuppression, providing therapeutic synergy. The findings in this mouse model of cholangiocarcinoma demonstrate that immune function and the IFNγ–TET2 axis are essential for response to mIDH1 inhibition and suggest a novel strategy for potentiating efficacy.

Significance:
Mutant IDH1 inhibition stimulates cytotoxic T-cell function and derepression of the DNA demethylating enzyme TET2, which is required for tumor cells to respond to IFNγ. The discovery of mechanisms of treatment efficacy and the identification of synergy by combined CTLA4 blockade provide the foundation for new therapeutic strategies.
See related commentary by Zhu and Kwong, p. 604.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 587