bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and Electronic Properties of Iron(0) PNP Pincer Complexes
Authors: Glatz Mathias , Gorgas Nikolaus , Stöger Berthold , Pittenauer Ernst , Ferreira Liliana , Veiros Luis F. , Calhorda Maria José , Kirchner Karl 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the present work we have prepared and fully characterized several Fe(0) complexes of the type [Fe(PNP)(CO)2] treating Fe(II) complexes [Fe(PNP)(Cl)2] with KC8 in the presence of carbon monoxide. While complexes [Fe(PNPNMe‐iPr)(CO)2], [Fe(PNPNEt‐iPr)(CO)2] adopt a trigonal bipyramidal geometry, the bulkier and more electron rich [Fe(PNPNH‐tBu)(CO)2] is closer to a square pyramidal geometry. Mössbauer spectra showed isomer shifts very close to 0 and similar to those reported for Fe(I) systems. Quadrupole splitting values range between 2.2 and 2.7 mm s−1 both in experiments and DFT calculations, while those of Fe(I) complexes are much smaller (∼0.6 mm s−1).
Mud Volcanoes
Authors: Wang Chi-Yuen , Manga Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe eruption of mud and magma can be influenced by earthquakes and reports date back more than 2000 years. Dozens of examples of eruptions have now been documented in response to both static and dynamic stresses from earthquakes. Already erupting systems are most sensitive to earthquakes compared to initiating new eruptions. Multiple plausible mechanisms have been proposed for triggering eruptions including disrupting particle-rich materials, mobilizing bubbles, or changing permeability—changes may occur both within and outside the reservoir hosting the materials that ultimately erupt. Using historical examples of triggered mud eruptions, we explain why it is unlikely that the Sidoarjo mud flow (sometimes nicknamed “Lusi”) was initiated by an earthquake. As multiparameter monitoring of volcanoes expands, it may eventually be possible to identify triggering mechanisms and how seismic waves influence magma and mud mobility in field settings.
Groundwater Level
Authors: Wang Chi-Yuen , Manga Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGroundwater level has long been known to respond to earthquakes; several types of response have been documented. Advances in the last decade were made largely through the studies of water-level response to Earth tides and barometric pressure. These studies have demonstrated that the hydraulic properties of groundwater systems are dynamic and change with time in response to disturbances such as earthquakes. This approach has been applied to estimate the permeability of several drilled active fault zones, to identify leakage from deep aquifers used for the storage of hazardous wastewater, and to reveal the potential importance of soil water and capillary tension in the unsaturated zone. Enhanced permeability is the most cited mechanism for the sustained changes of groundwater level in the intermediate and far fields, while undrained consolidation remains the most cited mechanism for the step-like coseismic changes in the near field. A new mechanism has emerged that suggests that coseismic release of pore water from unsaturated soils may also cause step-like increases of water level. Laboratory experiments show that both the undrained consolidation and the release of water from unsaturated zone may occur to explain the step-like water-level changes in the near field.
Building tensor networks for holographic states
Authors: Caputa Pawel , Kruthoff Jorrit , Parrikar Onkar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We discuss a one-parameter family of states in two-dimensional holographic conformal field theories which are constructed via the Euclidean path integral of an effective theory on a family of hyperbolic slices in the dual bulk geometry. The effective theory in question is the CFT flowed under a $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation, which “folds” the boundary CFT towards the bulk time-reflection symmetric slice. We propose that these novel Euclidean path integral states in the CFT can be interpreted as continuous tensor network (CTN) states. We argue that these CTN states satisfy a Ryu-Takayanagi-like minimal area upper bound on the entanglement entropies of boundary intervals, with the coefficient being equal to $$ \frac{1}{4{G}_N} $$

1

4

G
N

; the CTN corresponding to the bulk time-reflection symmetric slice saturates this bound. We also argue that the original state of the CFT can be written as a superposition of such CTN states, with the corresponding wavefunction being the bulk Hartle-Hawking wavefunction.
On the universality of AdS2 diffusion bounds and the breakdown of linearized hydrodynamics
Authors: Wu Ning , Baggioli Matteo , Li Wei-Jia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The chase of universal bounds on diffusivities in strongly coupled systems and holographic models has a long track record. The identification of a universal velocity scale, independent of the presence of well-defined quasiparticle excitations, is one of the major challenges of this program. A recent analysis, valid for emergent IR fixed points exhibiting local quantum criticality, and dual to IR AdS2 geometries, suggests to identify such a velocity using the time and length scales at which hydrodynamics breaks down — the equilibration velocity. The latter relates to the radius of convergence of the hydrodynamic expansion and it is extracted from a collision between a hydrodynamic diffusive mode and a non-hydrodynamic mode associated to the IR AdS2 region. In this short note, we confirm this picture for holographic systems displaying the spontaneous breaking of translational invariance. Moreover, we find that, at zero temperature, the lower bound set by quantum chaos and the upper one defined by causality and hydrodynamics exactly coincide, determining uniquely the diffusion constant. Finally, we comment on the meaning and universality of this newly proposed prescription.
Two-dimensional lattice SU(Nc) gauge theories with multiflavor adjoint scalar fields
Authors: Bonati Claudio , Franchi Alessio , Pelissetto Andrea , Vicari Ettore 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider two-dimensional lattice SU(Nc) gauge theories with Nf real scalar fields transforming in the adjoint representation of the gauge group and with a global O(Nf) invariance. Focusing on systems with Nf≥ 3, we study their zero-temperature limit, to understand under which conditions a continuum limit exists, and to investigate the nature of the associated quantum field theory. Extending previous analyses, we address the role that the gauge-group representation and the quartic scalar potential play in determining the nature of the continuum limit (when it exists). Our results further corroborate the conjecture that the continuum limit of two-dimensional lattice gauge models with multiflavor scalar fields, when it exists, is associated with a σ model defined on a symmetric space that has the same global symmetry as the lattice model.
Die multiplanare v-förmige distalisierende Tuberositasosteotomie mit proximalem Widerlager („sargförmige“ Osteotomie)
Authors: Riechelmann F. , Wurm A. , Putzer D. , Ban M. , Dammerer D. , Liebensteiner M. C. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Operationsziel des hier dargestellten Verfahrens ist eine Distalisierung der Tuberositas tibiae. Dieser Eingriff ist bei Patienten mit einer symptomatischen Patella alta indiziert, zum Beispiel bei Kniescheibeninstabilität. Die Osteotomie erfolgt v‑förmig. Der bei der Distalisierung gewonnene Knochenblock wird als proximales Widerlager eingebracht. Dadurch wird die mediolaterale und proximale Stabilität verbessert. Außerdem wird die Oberfläche vergrößert, was eine bessere Knochenheilung ermöglicht. Bei dem vom Operateur behandelten Patientenkollektiv von 10 Patienten ist es bei dieser Technik zu keiner sekundären Dislokation gekommen.
Extrusion-based additive manufacturing of forming and molding tools
Authors: Strano Matteo , Rane Kedarnath , Farid Muhammad Asad , Mussi Valerio , Zaragoza Veronica , Monno Michele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe production of rapid tools for plastic molding, sheet metal forming, and blanking has always been a critical and important goal for applied research, and a very large number of alternative methods have been proposed over the decades for their production. Among these methods, the use of extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EAM), such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) or similar technologies, has not been frequently considered and needs to be explored extensively. EAM is generally considered a low-cost, low-quality, low-performance class of AM and not suited to produce real functional parts, but only for aesthetical prototypes. However, the capabilities of EAM technologies have greatly evolved and now it is possible to extrude a wide range of materials such as polymeric materials including both the low strength polymeric materials (such as nylon or PLA) and the high strength polymeric materials (such as PEI and PEEK), metals (such as tool steel), and even ceramics (such as zirconia). Starting from an extensive literature review, the purpose of the present paper is to further demonstrate the potential applicability and versatility of EAM as a rapid tool manufacturing technology for different applications in shearing, bending, deep drawing, and injection molding.
Radiologic Response Combined with Dermatologic Toxicities is the Most Robust Predictor of Survival Benefits in Patients with Inoperable Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Transarterial Chemoembolization Plus Sorafenib Therapy
Authors: Ye Zhiqiu , Deng Zhizhen , Jiang Suxiang , Wang Tang , Liu Long , Jiang Kuiming , Zhang Yingqiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The survival benefits of patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who undergo transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and receive sorafenib therapy remain controversial. We aimed to identify clinical predictors in patients with inoperable HCC undergoing TACE and receiving sorafenib.

Methods
Between January 2014 and December 2017, 148 consecutive patients with inoperable HCC who were treated with TACE plus sorafenib were retrospectively analyzed. Critical clinical factors associated with overall survival (OS) were identified by Cox regression model analysis. Kaplan–Meier methods were used to calculate the survival times, which were compared with the log-rank test.

Results
Macrovascular invasion (MVI), radiologic response and sorafenib-related dermatologic toxicities were identified as independent factors associated with OS. MVI is a known prognostic factor before treatment. The median OS of patients with either radiologic response or dermatologic toxicities was significantly improved compared with that of patients without it (both 23.0 vs. 7.0 months, P < 0.001). The median OS of patients with a combination of radiologic response and dermatologic toxicities was significantly longer than that of patients with either radiologic response or dermatologic toxicities, as well as no response (25.0 vs. 14.0 vs. 6.0 months, respectively, P < 0.001), and the predictive value was confirmed across patients with different baseline characteristics in terms of MVI, α-fetoprotein level, performance status and liver function.

Conclusion
The combination of radiologic response and sorafenib-related dermatologic toxicities is the most robust predictor of survival benefits for HCC patients after TACE plus sorafenib therapy.

Level of Evidence
Level 3.
Safety and efficacy of lenvatinib by starting dose based on body weight in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in REFLECT
Authors: Okusaka Takuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kudo Masatoshi , Finn Richard , Qin Shukui , Han Kwang-Hyub , Cheng Ann-Lii , Piscaglia Fabio , Kobayashi Masahiro , Sung Max , Chen Minshan , Wyrwicz Lucjan , Yoon Jung-Hwan , Ren Zhenggang , Mody Kalgi , Dutcus Corina , Tamai Toshiyuki , Ren Min , Hayato Seiichi , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
REFLECT was an open-label, phase 3 study comparing the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib versus sorafenib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). Based on phase 2 study (Study 202) results, body weight-based dosing for lenvatinib was used in REFLECT to minimize dose disruptions and modifications needed to address dose-related adverse events. This post hoc analysis of REFLECT data assessed lenvatinib efficacy and safety by body weight group.

Methods
The study randomly administered lenvatinib (n = 476) or sorafenib (n = 475) to patients with untreated (no prior systemic therapy) uHCC. Lenvatinib starting-dose data were stratified by body weight: patients weighing < 60 kg received 8 mg/day; patients weighing ≥ 60 kg received 12 mg/day. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate, and safety were assessed.

Results
Survival outcomes and safety profiles appeared similar between the two body-weight-based lenvatinib starting-dose groups. Median OS for patients in the < 60 kg body weight group (n = 153) was 13.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 10.5–15.7] compared to 13.7 months (95% CI 12.0–15.6) in the ≥ 60 kg body weight group (n = 325). In both lenvatinib groups, PFS was 7.4 months (< 60 kg group: 95% CI 5.4–9.2; ≥ 60 kg group: 95% CI 6.9–9.0). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) required dose modifications in 43.0% in the < 60 kg body weight group and 57.5% in the ≥ 60 kg body weight group.

Conclusions
This exploratory analysis of data from REFLECT indicated that body weight-based lenvatinib dosing in patients with uHCC was successful in maintaining efficacy, with comparable rates of TEAEs and dose modifications in the two body weight groups.

Clinincal trial
Trial registration ID: ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT01761266
Profinite groups with an automorphism of prime order whose fixed points have finite Engel sinks
Authors: Khukhro E. I. , Shumyatsky P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA right Engel sink of an elementgof a groupGis a set$${{\mathscr {R}}}(g)$$R(g)such that for every$$x\in G$$x∈Gall sufficiently long commutators$$[...[[g,x],x],\dots ,x]$$[...[[g,x],x],⋯,x]belong to$${\mathscr {R}}(g)$$R(g). (Thus,gis a right Engel element precisely when we can choose$${{\mathscr {R}}}(g)=\{ 1\}$$R(g)={1}.) We prove that if a profinite groupGadmits a coprime automorphism$$\varphi $$φof prime order such that every fixed point of$$\varphi $$φhas a finite right Engel sink, thenGhas an open locally nilpotent subgroup. A left Engel sink of an elementgof a groupGis a set$${{\mathscr {E}}}(g)$$E(g)such that for every$$x\in G$$x∈Gall sufficiently long commutators$$[...[[x,g],g],\dots ,g]$$[...[[x,g],g],⋯,g]belong to$${{\mathscr {E}}}(g)$$E(g). (Thus,gis a left Engel element precisely when we can choose$${\mathscr {E}}(g)=\{ 1\}$$E(g)={1}.) We prove that if a profinite groupGadmits a coprime automorphism$$\varphi $$φof prime order such that every fixed point of$$\varphi $$φhas a finite left Engel sink, thenGhas an open pronilpotent-by-nilpotent subgroup.
Exploring digital support for the student transition to university through questionable concepts
Authors: Thomas Lisa , Vines John , Briggs Pam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNew students face challenges when they make the transition from school to university. Existing digital technologies used during this transition can sometimes increase the stressors associated with change. In order to explore ways forward for technology design in this space, we developed a brochure of questionable concepts. The concepts were grounded in findings of our prior research, yet were also intended to act as provocations to promote discussion in workshops involving 32 first year university students. Our analysis of workshop discussions documents the diverse issues students face around social bonding, their home environment, and their academic performance. Our findings challenge assumptions made in prior work about the ease of transition to university. We demonstrate how questionable concepts can play an important role in prompting ‘safe’ conversations around stressful life events for adolescents.
Sparse representation of vectors in lattices and semigroups
Authors: Aliev Iskander , Averkov Gennadiy , De Loera Jesús A. , Oertel Timm 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the sparsity of the solutions to systems of linear Diophantine equations with and without non-negativity constraints. The sparsity of a solution vector is the number of its nonzero entries, which is referred to as the$$\ell _0$$ℓ0-norm of the vector. Our main results are new improved bounds on the minimal$$\ell _0$$ℓ0-norm of solutions to systems$$A\varvec{x}=\varvec{b}$$Ax=b, where$$A\in \mathbb {Z}^{m\times n}$$A∈Zm×n,$${\varvec{b}}\in \mathbb {Z}^m$$b∈Zmand$$\varvec{x}$$xis either a general integer vector (lattice case) or a non-negative integer vector (semigroup case). In certain cases, we give polynomial time algorithms for computing solutions with$$\ell _0$$ℓ0-norm satisfying the obtained bounds. We show that our bounds are tight. Our bounds can be seen as functions naturally generalizing the rank of a matrix over$$\mathbb {R}$$R, to other subdomains such as$$\mathbb {Z}$$Z. We show that these new rank-like functions are all NP-hard to compute in general, but polynomial-time computable for fixed number of variables.
Phase I study of the recombinant humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody–MMAE conjugate RC48-ADC in patients with HER2-positive advanced solid tumors
Authors: Xu Yingying , Wang Yakun , Gong Jifang , Zhang Xiaotian , Peng Zhi , Sheng Xinan , Mao Chenyu , Fan Qingxia , Bai Yuxian , Ba Yi , Jiang Da , Yang Fen , Qi Changsong , Li Jian , Wang Xicheng , Zhou Jun , Lu Ming , Cao Yanshuo , Yuan Jiajia , Liu Dan , Wang Zhenghang , Fang Jianmin , Shen Lin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
RC48 contains the novel humanized anti-HER2 antibody hertuzumab conjugated to MMAE via a cleavable linker. A phase I study was initiated to evaluate the toxicity, MTD, PK, and antitumor activity of RC48 in patients with HER2-overexpressing locally advanced or metastatic solid carcinomas, particularly gastric cancer.

Patients and methods
This was a 2-part phase I study. Successive cohorts of patients received escalating doses of RC48 (0.1 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 2.0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, and 3.0 mg/kg). Dose expansion proceeded at the dose of 2.0 mg/kg Q2W. The efficacy and safety set included all patients who received at least one dose of RC48.

Results
Fifty-seven patients were enrolled, the MTD was unavailable due to termination of 3.0 mg/kg cohort; 2.5 mg/kg Q2W was declared the RP2D. RC48 was well tolerated, the most frequent grade 3 or worse TRAEs included neutropenia (19.3%), leukopenia (17.5%), hypoesthesia (14.0%), and increased conjugated blood bilirubin (8.8%). Four deaths occurred during the whole study, three of which were believed to be related to RC48. Overall, ORR and DCR were 21.0% (12/57) and 49.1% (28/57). Notably, patients who were HER2 IHC2+/FISH- responded similarly to those who were IHC2+/FISH+ and IHC3+, with ORRs of 35.7% (5/14), 20% (2/10), and 13.6% (3/22), respectively. In patients who were pretreated with HER2-targeted drugs, RC48 also showed promising efficacy, with ORR of 15.0% (3/20) and DCR of 45.0% (9/20).

Conclusion
RC48 was well tolerated and showed promising antitumor activity in HER2-positive solid tumors, including gastric cancer with HER2 IHC 2+/FISH- status.

Clinical trial information
NCT02881190.
The impact of ground-ice thaw on landslide geomorphology and dynamics: two case studies in northern Iceland
Authors: Morino Costanza , Conway Susan J. , Balme Matthew R. , Helgason Jón Kristinn , Sæmundsson Þorsteinn , Jordan Colm , Hillier John , Argles Tom 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs consequence of ongoing climate change, permafrost degradation is thought to be increasingly affecting slope stability in periglacial environments. This is of growing concern in Iceland, where in the last decade, permafrost degradation has been identified among the triggering factors of landslides. The role of ground ice in conditioning the morphology and dynamics of landslides involving loose deposits is poorly understood. We show the geomorphological impact of the Móafellshyrna and Árnesfjall landslides that recently occurred in ice-cemented talus deposits in northern Iceland. Using field and aerial remote-sensing measurements of the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the landslides, we assess the influence of thawing ground ice on their propagation style and dynamics. The two mass movements are complex and are similar to rock- and debris-ice avalanches, changing trajectory and exhibiting evidence of transitioning their style of motion from a dry granular mass to a debris flow-like movement via multiple pulses. We infer that the thawing of ground ice together with the entrainment of saturated material provided the extra fluid causing this change in dynamics. The hazardous consequences of permafrost degradation will increasingly affect mountain regions in the future, and ground-ice thaw in steep terrain is a particularly hazardous phenomenon, as it may induce unexpected long-runout failures and can cause slope instability to continue even after the landslide event. Our study expands our knowledge of how landslides develop in unstable ice-cemented deposits and will aid assessment and mitigation of the hazard that they pose in Iceland and other mountainous periglacial areas.
Big Observation – Ein Vergleich moderner Beobachtungsformate am Beispiel von amtlicher Statistik und Recommendersystemen
Authors: Heintz Bettina 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag verortet digitale Technologien in der Geschichte moderner Beobachtungsformate. Das Konzept des Beobachtungsformats verhilft dazu, Einrichtungen in einen Zusammenhang zu bringen, die auf den ersten Blick wenig miteinander zu tun haben: die amtliche Statistik, die Meinungs- und Marktforschung, Monitoringsysteme und digitale Beobachtungsinstrumente wie Suchmaschinen, soziale Netzwerke oder Recommendersysteme. Die Gemeinsamkeit liegt darin, dass es sich in allen Fällen um Instanzen handelt, die regelmäßig Daten erheben und in diesen Daten nach Ordnungsmustern suchen. Sie sind markante Beispiele des Quantifizierungsschubs, der die (westlichen) Gesellschaften seit dem 18. Jahrhundert erfasst hat. Der Beitrag greift zwei Beispiele heraus – die Bevölkerungsstatistik als historisch erstes modernes Beobachtungsformat und personalisierte Recommendersysteme als prototypischen Fall digitaler Beobachtungsinstrumente – und vergleicht sie in Hinblick auf ihre Beobachtungstechnik: Wie werden die Zahlen fabriziert, mit deren Hilfe die amtliche Statistik die Gesellschaft beobachtet, und welche Beobachtungsverfahren setzen Recommendersysteme ein, um zu personalisierten Empfehlungen zu gelangen, und welche Rolle spielen dabei Vergleich, Bewertung, Kategorisierung und Quantifizierung? Der Vergleich macht nicht nur sichtbar, wie Statistiken und digitale Technologien beobachten und worin sich ihre Beobachtungstechnik unterscheidet, sondern er gibt auch Aufschluss darüber, wie sich die Praktiken und Prämissen sozialer Beobachtung in den letzten 200 Jahren verändert haben.