bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of agarose concentration on coated micro‐bottle resonators for humidity detection
Authors: Zain Huda Adnan , Batumalay Malathy , Abdul Rahim Hazli Rafis , Yasin Moh , Harun S. W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAgarose is a stable hydrophilic material commonly used for relative humidity sensing application. Agarose porous nature causes changes in its refractive index as relative humidity change. Micro bottle resonators are a promising choice for sensing applications due to their good quality factor. In this work, the effect of agarose gel concentration on micro‐bottle ability to detect relative humidity changes was investigated. The agarose gel coating was made in two different concentrations 0.5% and 1%. These two concentrations were used as coating for microbottle resonators with the diameter of 190 μm. The micro‐bottle samples were made by the soften‐and‐compress technique. In the humidity range of 35%–85% RH, the 0.5% agarose gel coated microbottle had a sensitivity of 0.1077 dB/RH%. The microbottle resonator coated with the 1% solution showed a lower sensitivity of 0.0899 dB/RH%. This improvement in sensitivity with lower agarose gel concentration is due to the pore size of agarose gel. Yet, both concentrations showed improvement in sensitivity compared to the bare micro‐bottle showing that agarose can be a potential choice for building sensitive efficient relative humidity sensors.
Informal carer's knowledge of traumatic brain injury questionnaire: Initial development and validation
Authors: Awadh Bamatraf Amena , Chong Mei Chan , Mazlan Mazlina , Che Chong Chin , Fauziningtyas Rista , Nursalam Nursalam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test the instrument for measuring the knowledge of traumatic brain injury of informal carers.DesignInstrument development.MethodFocus group discussions were conducted among informal carers and healthcare specialists in March 2017. The content validity was determined by the mean of the item content validity index. A reliability test was performed by the Kuder‐Richardson 20 and Pearson's correlation coefficient among 40 informal carers of patients with a traumatic brain injury in the rehabilitation medicine department of a tertiary hospital from August–September 2017.ResultsThe final 34‐item questionnaire covers the nature of traumatic brain injury, the consequences of traumatic brain injury, the rehabilitation process, and the role of the caregiver. The item content means ranged from 0.8–1.00, and the difficulty of knowledge items ranged from 0.18–0.98. The internal consistency reliability and correlation coefficient were 0.70 and 0.84, respectively.
Novel Pluronic F‐127‐coated ZnO nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and their in‐vitro cytotoxicity evaluation
Authors: Abuelsamen Abdulsalam , Mahmud Shahrom , Mohd Kaus Noor Haida , Farhat Omar F. , Mohammad Sabah M. , Al‐Suede Fouad Saleih R. , Abdul Majid Amin Malik Shah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly recognized for their potential use in various biomedical applications. However, the tendency of bare ZnO NPs to aggregate and their poor stability in the biological environment reduce their biocompatibility and lead to cytotoxicity in normal healthy cells. This study attempted to avoid this by synthesizing a novel Pluronic F‐127‐coated ZnO NPs and evaluating their cytotoxicity impact on normal healthy human endothelial AE.hy296 cells. The characterization results revealed that Pluronic coating process remarkably enhanced the stability of ZnO NPs and did not alter their desired crystalline structure. The cytotoxicity of bare and Pluronic F‐127‐coated ZnO NPs were evaluated through MTT assay and microscopy imaging. The results of the cytotoxicity tests showed that Pluronic F‐127 modification significantly improved the biocompatibility and reduced the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs toward the normal endothelial human EA.hy926 cells. Based on their high crystallinity, stability, and biocompatibility, Pluronic F‐123‐coated ZnO NPs hold promising potential for miscellaneous biomedical applications.
Synergistic anticancer effects of different combinations of He+O2 plasma jet and doxorubicin on A375 melanoma cells
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xu Shengduo , Zhang Jishen , Li Bing , Liu Dingxin , Guo Li , Liu Zhijie , Xu Dehui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCold atmospheric plasma technology is expected to become an option for adjuvant therapy in cancer due to its promising anticancer effect. Here, we evaluated the effects of different combinations of He+O2 plasma jet and clinical anticancer drug, doxorubicin, on A375 melanoma cells in vitro. The results show that the synergistic anticancer effect of plasma jet and doxorubicin is dependent on the manner of their combination. Although doxorubicin does not affect plasma jet‐induced exogenous oxidative stress in A375 cells, the synergistic anticancer effect of continuous doxorubicin treatment with subsequent plasma jet treatment is significantly better than that of simultaneous continuous doxorubicin and plasma jet treatment. It is proposed that plasma jet interventions may create transitory therapeutic windows for continuous chemotherapy. Our results will help to optimize therapeutic approaches that include combinations of anticancer drugs and plasma for future clinical applications.
Dam cascade alters taxonomic composition of benthic macroinvertebrate community in upper Yangtze River
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhu Chenxi , Mo Kangle , Chen Qiuwen , Tang Lei , Zhang Jianyun , Li Ting , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCascade dams segment river connectivity, modify the hydrological process, and change the hydraulic properties, thus influencing the river ecosystem significantly. Ecological effects of dams have been extensively studied, but investigations on zoobenthos in a large area covering tributaries and mainstream with cascade dams are lacking. Here, we studied the features of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the lower Jinshajiang River, which is the upper reach of the Yangtze River. Over 15,000 macroinvertebrate individuals were collected in the mainstream and eight tributaries. Altogether, 105 taxa belonging to 19 orders and 55 families were identified. The structure of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages was considerably different between the natural‐flow reach and the reservoir reach in the mainstream. The diversity and abundance of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Megaloptera decreased to almost zero as a result of dam impoundment. By contrast, the abundance of Diptera, Chironomidae, and Tubificida increased significantly in the mainstream reservoir reach. The diversity of macroinvertebrate species in the mainstream reservoir reach was only half of that in the natural‐flow mainstream. The difference between macroinvertebrate assemblages in natural‐flow mainstream and tributaries was insignificant. Therefore, dam construction was considered the main cause of macroinvertebrate assemblage changes. Our results highlighted the necessity of maintaining sufficient natural river sections between cascade reservoirs to conserve the biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrate.
Towards evidence‐based decision‐making for identification and usage of assets in composite software: A research roadmap
Authors: Wohlin Claes , Papatheocharous Efi , Carlson Jan , Petersen Kai , Alégroth Emil , Axelsson Jakob , Badampudi Deepika , Borg Markus , Cicchetti Antonio , Ciccozzi Federicio , Olsson Thomas , Sentilles Séverine , Svahnberg Mikael , Wnuk Krzysztof , Gorschek Tony 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoftware engineering is decision intensive. Evidence‐based software engineering is suggested for decision‐making concerning the use of methods and technologies when developing software. Software development often includes the reuse of software assets, for example, open‐source components. Which components to use have implications on the quality of the software (e.g., maintainability). Thus, research is needed to support decision‐making for composite software. This paper presents a roadmap for research required to support evidence‐based decision‐making for choosing and integrating assets in composite software systems. The roadmap is developed as an output from a 5‐year project in the area, including researchers from three different organizations. The roadmap is developed in an iterative process and is based on (1) systematic literature reviews of the area; (2) investigations of the state of practice, including a case survey and a survey; and (3) development and evaluation of solutions for asset identification and selection. The research activities resulted in identifying 11 areas in need of research. The areas are grouped into two categories: areas enabling evidence‐based decision‐making and those related to supporting the decision‐making. The roadmap outlines research needs in these 11 areas. The research challenges and research directions presented in this roadmap are key areas for further research to support evidence‐based decision‐making for composite software.
Recent advances in vacancy engineering of metal‐organic frameworks and their derivatives for electrocatalysis
Authors: Wu Yuhang , Li Yuwen , Gao Junkuo , Zhang Qichun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe efficient electrocatalysis plays the key role in the development of electrochemical energy conversion technologies to alleviate energy crisis. Given their multiple active sites and large specific surface areas as electrocatalysts, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have attracted considerable interests in recent years. Specially, exploring the roles of the enhanced active sites in MOFs and their derivatives is significant for understanding and developing new effective electrocatalysts. Recently, the vital role of vacancies has been proven to promote electrocatalytic processes (such as H2 or O2 evolution reactions, O2 reduction reactions, and N2 reduction reactions). In order to in‐depth exploring the effect of vacancies in electrocatalysts, the vacancies classification, synthetic strategy, and the recent development of various vacancies in MOFs and their derivatives for electrocatalysis are reviewed. Also, the perspectives on the challenges and opportunities of vacancies in MOFs and their derivatives for electrocatalysis are presented.
When Both Utterances and Appearances are Deceptive: Deception in Multimodal Film Narrative
Authors: Dynel Marta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article gives a comprehensive theoretical account of deception in multimodal film narrative in the light of the pragmatics of film discourse, the cognitive philosophy of film, multimodal analysis, studies of fictional narrative and – last but not least – the philosophy of lying and deception. Critically addressing the extant literature, a range or pertinent notions and issues are examined: multimodality, film narration and the status of the cinematic narrator, the pragmatics of film construction (notably, the characters’ communicative level and the one of the collective sender and the recipient), the fictional world and its truth, the recipient’s film engagement and make believing, as well as narrative unreliability. Previous accounts of deceptive films are revisited and three main types of film deception are proposed with regard to the two levels of communication on which it materialises, the characters’ level and the recipient’s level, as well as the intradiegetic and/or the extradiegetic narrator involved. This discussion is illustrated with multimodally transcribed examples of deception extracted from the American television seriesHouse.In the course of the analysis, attention is paid to how specific types of deception detailed in the philosophy of language (notably, lies, deceptive implicature, withholding information, covert ambiguity, and covert irrelevance) are deployed through multimodal means in the three types of film deception (extradiegetic deception, intradiegetic deception, and a combination of both when performed by both cinematic and intradiegetic narrators). Finally, inspired by the discussion of Hitchcock’s controversial lying flashback scene inStage Fright, as well as films relying on tacit intradiegetic, unreliable narrators (focalising characters) an attempt is made to answer the thorny question of when the extradiegetic (cinematic) narrator can perform lies (through mendacious multimodal assertions) addressed by the collective sender to the recipient, and not just only other forms of deception, as is commonly maintained.
Concepts in Magnetism
Authors: Blundell Stephen J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractI review some general concepts in magnetism including the nature of magnetic exchange (direct, indirect and superexchange), and how exchange interactions play out in multiple spin systems. The nature of atomic orbitals and the way in which they interact with the spin system is also considered. Several examples are also treated, including the Jahn–Teller interaction and its role in the properties in layered manganites.
Spintronics and Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Mattana Richard , Locatelli Nicolas , Cros Vincent 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHaving access to the electronic and magnetic properties of spintronic systems is of crucial importance in view of their future technological developments. Our purpose in this chapter is to elaborate how a variety of synchrotron radiation-based measurements provides powerful and often unique techniques to probe them. We first introduce general concepts in spintronics and present some of the important scientific advances achieved in the last 30 years. Then we will describe some of the key investigations using synchrotron radiation concerning voltage control of magnetism, spin-charge conversion and current-driven magnetization dynamics.
The Dawn of a New Common
Authors: Aarts Emile , Fleuren Hein , Sitskoorn Margriet , Wilthagen Ton 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOn Thursday, February 27, 2020, during a live broadcast on television, Minister Bruno Bruin is handed a note saying that it has just been confirmed that a patient with the coronavirus has been identified in the Netherlands. Allegedly, it concerns a man who is placed in isolation in the Elisabeth-Tweesteden hospital in Tilburg.This is where the story of our book starts. The hospital mentioned by the minister is hardly a kilometer away from our university, Tilburg University. Things now start to develop quickly. During several weeks, the region of Tilburg becomes the “Corona Capital” of the Netherlands in terms of the number of people infected. On March 18, Minister Bruno Bruins collapses due to exhaustion during a debate in the Government’s House of Representatives. The following day, he resigns and soon after is temporarily replaced by a politician of a party that is not part of the current political coalition. Two days earlier, the country had gone into a lockdown after a historical speech of Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte.
Litigating the Crisis: Towards a Rebalancing of the Rights of Investors Versus Public Interest?
Authors: Goodwin Morag , Paiement Phillip 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter reflects on the anticipated rush by private corporations to seek compensation from states for emergency measures taken to address the current health crisis. Where states have, for example, commandeered privately run health facilities, foreign corporations can claim for any negative impact on their current and future profits. This anticipated wave of state-investor litigation draws upon the web of bilateral investment treaties that span the globe and on Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanisms. In place of a “new normal,” this short paper suggests that these threats represent an intensification of an existing trend, with the main difference being that states of the Global North are increasingly finding themselves disciplined by instruments that they created to protect their own companies abroad. If this happens, as seems likely, this crisis will add to the growing calls to rethink how we regulate the boundary between the public interest and private investors.
Perspectives on the Common: The Input of Literature
Authors: Heynders Odile 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the COVID-19 context, journalists and columnists frequently refer to literary texts in order to demonstrate that what is happening under the current circumstances has already been described by writers of fiction. The idea is that literature opens a window to the real world, that, in imagination, we can find a representation of factual events. Various historical and contemporary works of fiction describe societies infected with all sorts of contagious diseases from the bubonic plague in London to AIDS in Africa. Most of these novels can be read as allegories; they demonstrate how people react to illness, social panic, and isolation. They confirm that, although times are changing, the impact of pandemics on individuals does not differ that much. All these works underline that communities can only be based on a humanist approach and solidarity. But they also describe individuals that do not always strive for the common good. The violence in some of the novels is illustrative; the norms and values of social groups become permeated when people get weak or invalid due to a spreading disease.
Shaping the Post-COVID-19 Agenda: A Call for Responsible Leadership
Authors: de Jong Ronald , van Reisen Mirjam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 1970, the late economist and Nobel Prize Winner Milton Friedman spread a doctrine that has dominated the business world ever since: that a company’s solitary purpose is to increase financial value for its shareholders. Author during the height of the Cold War, Friedman tied in with the narrative that economic freedom is essential to political freedom. Friedman died in 2006, but his mantra did not. From the beginning of the 1990s until the financial crisis in 2007, the business world increasingly witnessed a movement towards the “Anglo-American” or “neo liberal” model, based upon Friedman’s doctrine. In the period after the collapse of Lehmann Brothers, leaders in the public and the private sector tried to fight the financials crisis by holding on to the very same measures and instruments that—arguably—caused the financial crisis in the first place. The last convulsions of Friedman’s doctrine?
The Comeback of the Old Theological Narratives During the Coronavirus Crisis: A Critical Reflection
Authors: Loffeld Jan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMartin Luther had no doubt about it: diseases were a punishment from God. In espousing this view, Luther, who was one of the first people to translate the Bible from Greek into another language, stood on firm biblical grounds. For the Semitic people of the biblical world, this causal connection had been self-evident as well. Diseases, plagues, catastrophes were the consequences of the sin that people commit. Ultimately, the intuition that evil is the result of sin is the basis for the adage that adversity causes people to pray: sooner or later, human beings will be confronted with the contingency of their own lives, which, in the Christian perspective, is rooted in the fact that creation has fallen into sin. This is why the idea that adversity causes people to pray is often trotted out in times of crisis even though it has long been empirically disproven.
Covid-Spiracy: Old Wine in New Barrels?
Authors: Achterberg Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow to make sense of the current COVID-19 crisis? While many people rely on official statements made by governments, scientific institutions, and experts for answering this question, others do not. Recently, the Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad reported on people who adhere to the conspirational theory that the current COVID-19 crisis is linked to the introduction of 5G technology. These people point, for example, to so-called 5G experiments in the province of Wuhan, China, where the current COVID-19 crisis started in 2019. The “covid-spiracy” theory suggests that behind the societal curtains, elites are trying to deal with the problem of overpopulation by means of introducing 5G and blaming COVID-19 for the negative side effects. On Facebook and Twitter, people are actively discussing these theories with increasing momentum. And, inspired by theories on the adverse effects of 5G, people have tried to destroy 5G technology and hinder the spread of this technology in the Netherlands.
Fortified Nudges? Protecting the Vulnerable in a Post-COVID Society
Authors: Pierce Robin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe eagerly awaited transition back into a functioning and vibrant society presents numerous challenges, not the least of which is how to protect the vulnerable. As society emerges from the “crisis” phase and the lockdown is lifted, it remains unclear to what extent it should be left to the vulnerable to protect themselves.The elderly, the infirm, and those with existing health conditions are particularly susceptible to tragic outcomes from the coronavirus. To be vulnerable to a severe impact of COVID-19 turns the disease into a pervasively lurking death threat. Yet, to suggest that the vulnerable spend their lives in retreat in order to significantly minimize the risk is problematic in multiple ways. As policy-makers craft the way forward, the question must be asked whether an appeal to the goodwill and voluntary cooperation of people, along with the slow evolution of social norms, is an adequate approach to protecting the vulnerable.
Can AI Help to Avert the Environmental Great Filter?
Authors: Postma Eric , Postma Marie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our lives is still evident on a daily basis, there is a much larger disaster looming in our future. We are faced with massive evidence that civilization is threatened by a climate disaster, and drastic measures are needed to avoid a point of no return. Will humankind succeed in adopting the necessary measures in time?In this essay, we explore the potential of present-day AI systems to mitigate the apparent human inability to respond timely and adequately to the imminent peril threatening the existence of our civilization. We will argue that contrary to focusing on the widespread concerns of AI superseding humanity, the role of AI in climate change solutions needs to be prioritized and appreciated. To illustrate the potential of AI, we first contemplate the suboptimal human response to the nonlinear dynamics of the COVID-19 crisis. Subsequently, we generalize our observations to the climate crisis.
Balancing Public Health and Economic Interests Whilst Creating New Opportunities for Labor Migrants
Authors: Rijken Conny 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic unveils structural weaknesses and vulnerabilities in societal structures that we have become to take as ordinary parts of our society. This especially holds true for such structures in the labor market in general (see Chap. 5 by Bekker) and especially for labor migrants, the focus of this chapter. The COVID-19 crisis not only augmented their precarious situation but also enlarged the awareness of the dependency of developed countries on migrant workers and, in some countries, led to a positive response by way of regularization of the migratory status of migrant workers. Apparently, the COVID-19 crisis has revealed that a public health risk generated more impact than academic and grounded research on work and living conditions of migrant workers and the work of organizations fighting for migrant workers’ rights. In this chapter, I will first address how COVID-19 has impacted the position of migrant workers before discussing opportunities created for migrant workers and the way forward.