bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy non-inferior to open pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with high PD-ROBOSCORE?
Authors: Gonzalez-Abos Carolina , Landi Filippo , Lorenzo Claudia , Rey Samuel , Salgado Francisco , Ausania Fabio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) is associated with technical challenges that may result in intraoperative and postoperative complications. Some previous reports and the recently published PD-ROBOSCORE describe several factors associated with an increased difficulty. The aim of this study is to investigate whether difficult RPD patients have a better outcome when operated by open approach (OPD).

Methods
All patients undergoing robotic and open PD from January 2020 to June 2024 with high PD-ROBOSCORE were included. Preoperative pancreatitis and/or cholangitis, and tumor contact with PV-SMV were also analysed. Outcomes of RPD vs OPD were compared.

Results
45 RPD and 57 OPD patients with high PD-ROBOSCORE were considered for this study. Median age was 68.5 years (68 RPD vs 65 OPD; p = 0.25), median BMI was 27 kg/m2 (27 RPD vs 28 OPD; p = 0.13), 65.6% of patients were male (60.0% RPD vs 70.2% OPD; p = 0.15) and median PD-ROBOSCORE was 10 (10 RPD vs 9 OPD, p = 0.145). POPF occurred in 37.2% (40.0% RPD vs 35.1% OPD; p = 0.668), CD ≥ 3 was 25.4% (28.8% RPD vs 22.8% OPD; p = 0.477), median CCI was 20.9 (20.5 RPD vs 20.9 OPD; p = 0.752), reoperation rate was 17.6% (15.5% RPD vs 19.3% OPD; p = 0.496). Hospital stay was 15 days (16 RPD vs 13 OPD; p = 0.583). Of patients developing POPF; 76.3% had soft pancreas, 84.2% had pancreatic duct ≤ 2 mm and 97.2% had BMI ≥ 25.

Conclusion
RPD seems to be non-inferior to OPD in patients with increased technical complexity. Most of these complications are related to fistula risk factors (high BMI, soft pancreas and small pancreatic duct) and not directly related with other technical difficulty factors.
Disease-Management-Programm (DMP) für die periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (PAVK) als Strategie zur Optimierung der ambulanten Versorgung
Authors: Meier Julia 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die periphere arterielle Verschlusserkrankung (PAVK) ist eine chronische Erkrankung mit steigenden Behandlungs- und Folgekosten. Die individuelle Situation der Betroffenen und die Nutzung konservativer Therapieoptionen sind entscheidend für die Versorgung. Im Gegensatz zu Koronarer Herzerkrankung (KHK) und Diabetes mellitus gibt es für PAVK bislang kein eigenständiges Disease-Management-Programm (DMP). Es bleibt unklar, ob PAVK die Kriterien für ein solches Programm erfüllt.

Ziele der Arbeit
Untersuchung der aktuellen Versorgungsqualität von Patientinnen und Patienten mit PAVK sowie die Entwicklung eines eigenständigen DMP zur Optimierung der ambulanten Versorgung.

Material und Methoden
Mittels Literaturrecherche in PubMed und Cochrane Library wurden 42 Artikel identifiziert, von denen 12 relevante Studien ausgewertet wurden. Ergänzend wurden weitere aktuelle Artikel in ein narratives Review aufgenommen. Eine Onlineumfrage über LinkedIn erreichte 97 Personen aus der ambulanten Versorgung, von denen 41 teilnahmen. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen und in Analogie zum DMP für Diabetes mellitus Typ II wurde ein Konzept für ein DMP für PAVK entwickelt.

Ergebnisse
Die Literatur weist auf Optimierungspotenzial und Unterversorgung, insbesondere bei Frauen, hin. Rund 70 % der teilnehmenden Personen der Onlineumfrage befürworteten regelmäßige Screenings; 92,2 % hielten die ABI-Messung für sinnvoll. Maßnahmen zur Raucherentwöhnung wurden von 90 % als wichtig erachtet, während die Zufriedenheit mit aktuellen Angeboten gering war. Auch die Verfügbarkeit von Gefäßsportgruppen wurde von 51,2 % kritisiert. Insgesamt hielten 75,6 % ein eigenständiges DMP für PAVK für sinnvoll.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein eigenständiges DMP für PAVK zur Optimierung der ambulanten Versorgung sinnvoll sein kann. Eine Bewertung nach G‑BA- und SGB-V-Kriterien fiel positiv aus.
Short-term outcomes in mesh versus suture-only treatment of burst abdomen: a case-series from a university hospital
Authors: Jensen Thomas Korgaard , Kvist Madeline , Damkjær Merete Berthu , Burcharth Jakob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Surgery for a burst abdomen after midline laparotomy is associated with later incisional hernia formation. Accommodating prophylactic measures, notably mesh augmentation, are of interest. However, data regarding safety and outcomes are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term risk profile of mesh prophylaxis in the context of a burst abdomen.

Methods
This is a single-center prospective study of patients suffering from burst abdomen from 2021 to 2023. A treatment protocol for the management of burst abdomen was introduced, including the synthetic, partially absorbable onlay mesh. Adult patients (≥ 18 years) with a life expectancy of > 1 year with no plans of future pregnancies were recommended to be treated with a prophylactic mesh. In this analysis, adult patients were included if they suffered from a burst abdomen after elective or emergency laparotomy. The study evaluates short-term outcomes, including 90-day wound complications, length of stay, and mortality.

Results
Sixty-seven patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent treatment for a burst abdomen during the study period. Thirty-eight patients were treated with a suture-only technique, and 29 patients were supplemented with a mesh. 13 of 14 observed wound complications in the mesh group were of mild degree (Clavien Dindo 1-3b), while one patient (3%) needed mesh-explantation. The 90-day mortality rate was 21% and comparable between suture-only and mesh techniques.

Conclusion
Mesh augmentation in surgery for a burst abdomen seems safe in well-selected patients at 90 days follow-up. Long-term data on the prophylactic effect on hernia development is needed.
Regional distribution of carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in southern Spain (Andalusia)
Authors: Fernández-Cuenca Felipe , Rodríguez-Pallares Salud , López-Cerero Lorena , Gutiérrez-Fernández José , Bautista María Fe , Sánchez Gómez Juan Antonio , Sánchez-Yebra Romera Waldo , Delgado Mercedes , Recacha Esther , Pascual Alvaro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This is the first study conducted in southern Spain to determine i) the population structure (PS) of carbapenem-resistant (CR) Acinetobacter baumannii isolates by multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) and core genome MLST (cgMLST) and ii) the association between the sequence type ST and the bla
OXA-51 variant, capsule polysaccharide locus (KL) and lipooligosaccharide outer core locus (OCL) types.

Methods
Of 336 isolates submitted to the Andalusian reference laboratory (PIRASOA; December 2017–2020), 73 were subjected to WGS (MiSeq). The following analyses were performed: bacterial identification (ribosomal MLST), carbapenemase gene detection (Resfinder 4.0), PS delineation (MLST by MLSTfinder 2.0 and cgMLST by Ridom SeqSphere+), and KL types and OCL types (Kaptive tool).

Results
The carbapenemases detected were bla
OXA-23 (n = 41), bla
OXA-58 (n = 26), bla
OXA-24 (n = 5), bla
OXA-72 (n = 1) and bla
NDM-1 (n = 2). The PS revealed one major ST2 clone (n = 54) and seven minor ST clones by MLST, and 41 lineages by cgMLST. Thirty-five lineages were detected only in a single hospital whereas five lineages were observed in several hospitals and provinces. bla
OXA-66 was the most frequent bla
OXA-51 variant and was mainly associated with the ST2 clone. Eleven KL types and 3 OCL types were assigned, with KL2 (n = 27), KL7 (n = 16) and OCL1 being the most frequent.

Conclusions
The PS of CR A. baumannii in Andalusia is characterized by a dominant ST2/bla
OXA-23 clone and several lineages, showing local spread of lineages in most hospitals, and intercenter or interregional spread of a few lineages. Single-locus bla
OXA-51-like typing and KL typing may be useful as complementary preliminary typing tool.
Can Business Ethics Courses Be Effective? A Quasi-Experimental Mixed-Methods Study of a Cooperative-Learning Approach in Higher Education
Authors: Martini Mattia , Cavenago Dario , Carminati Monica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study assesses the effectiveness of an elective course in business ethics designed around a cooperative-learning approach and explores how this pedagogical method supports graduate students in practising ethical attitudes and behaviours. The research employs a mixed-method approach, integrating a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test study with an in-depth qualitative study based on focus groups. The quantitative study investigates the effectiveness of a business ethics course delivered within a university master’s program in improving various ethical outcomes, including moral efficacy, moral sensitivity, and moral motivation. In contrast, the focus groups explore how the cooperative-learning approach adopted within the course enhances the student’s learning process and the overall effectiveness of the course. The quantitative results demonstrate that the business ethics course effectively develops the students’ moral efficacy and moral motivation but not their moral sensitivity. The qualitative results indicated that the cooperative-learning approach contributes to achieving positive outcomes by favouring the motivational, relational, and cognitive dimensions of the student’s learning processes. The study contributes to the literature on business ethics education by providing a robust understanding of the effectiveness of business ethics programs in higher education and highlighting the role of the cooperative-learning pedagogical approach in developing graduate students’ ethical knowledge, skills, and behaviours. In addition, it showed that, despite the complexity of ethics, adopting a cooperative-learning approach in the business ethics course design improves the ability of future employees and managers to take responsibility for individual and collective actions.
The Role of Emotion Regulation in Distinct Measures of Emotional Resilience
Authors: Razak Hannah A. , MacLeod Colin , Rudaizky Daniel , Notebaert Lies 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Research suggests that emotion regulation plays a critical role in emotional resilience, however due to inconsistencies with how emotional resilience has been operationalised, the exact nature of this relationship remains relatively unexplored. We examined two hypotheses across three distinct operationalisations: outcome-based, transient, and trait-based, recognising resilience as an outcome, a transient dynamic construct, and a perceived trait, respectively. Specifically, whether (1) a greater tendency to choose reappraisal relative to distraction or (2) a greater tendency to choose reappraisal aligned with the emotion regulation asymmetry phenomenon (i.e., reappraisal for low-intensity stimuli and distraction for high-intensity stimuli), was associated with greater emotional resilience, and whether these relationships were partially accounted for by effective downregulation.

Methods
Young undergraduate adults (final n = 113) attended an experimental session where each measure of emotional resilience was obtained. The outcome-based was measured using a residual approach, the transient measure through the degree of emotional recovery following exposure to a standardised stressor task in the lab and the trait-based measure using the Brief Resilience Scale. In a second session, participants viewed high and low intensity images and chose between reappraisal and distraction to downregulate negative emotions elicited by these stimuli. In some trials, participants were instructed to use either strategy. The effectiveness of these downregulation attempts was measured.

Results
A greater tendency to choose reappraisal over distraction, was associated with greater transient and trait-based measures, but not with the outcome-based measure. Reappraisal aligned to the emotion regulation asymmetry phenomenon was not related to emotional resilience.

Conclusions
Our findings are consistent with theory stating that tendency to choose reappraisal over distraction may contribute to emotional resilience. However, the differential associations evident suggest different mechanisms may relate to distinct operationalisations of this construct. Critically, the cross-sectional design of the current study limits inferences of causality and directionality. Future work replicating and extending on these findings across the distinct operationalisations are warranted.
Spatial-temporal seismicity analysis using TSOM and variational density peak clustering
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Nanda Satyasai Jagannth 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Seismicity de-clustering is a crucial step in earthquake catalog analysis, essential for understanding earthquake patterns and assessing seismic hazards. Seismicity de-clustering is challenging due to complex geological structures, high spatial-temporal correlation between events, and large amounts of noise. This study proposes an innovative two-stage approach for spatial zone identification and seismicity de-clustering by leveraging the topological self-organizing map (TSOM) method and the variational density peak clustering (VDPC) algorithm. In the first stage, the TSOM method is employed with split-and-merge algorithm to identify spatial interactions in space domain to uncover intricate spatial relationships among earthquake events in two-dimensional space, allowing the effective separation of distinct seismic zones. In the second stage, temporal separation is performed using the VDPC algorithm to distinguish mainshocks from aftershocks further within each seismic zone. This two-stage model enhances the precision of seismicity de-clustering and provides a comprehensive understanding of earthquake catalog dynamics. The results obtained from the proposed model outperform the other benchmark de-clustering algorithms, validated using various statistical tests, including the coefficient of variation, m-Morisita index, cumulative plot,

$$\lambda$$

λ

-plot and nearest neighbor distance. This innovative methodology enhances our comprehension of seismicity patterns, facilitates more accurate seismic hazard assessment, and ultimately contributes to improved earthquake preparedness in regions susceptible to seismic activity.
Design pattern recognition: a study of large language models
Authors: Pandey Sushant Kumar , Chand Sivajeet , Horkoff Jennifer , Staron Miroslaw , Ochodek Miroslaw , Durisic Darko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context
As Software Engineering (SE) practices evolve due to extensive increases in software size and complexity, the importance of tools to analyze and understand source code grows significantly.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in identifying DPs in source code, which can facilitate the development of better Design Pattern Recognition (DPR) tools. We compare the effectiveness of different LLMs in capturing semantic information relevant to the DPR task.

Methods
We studied Gang of Four (GoF) DPs from the P-MARt repository of curated Java projects. State-of-the-art language models, including Code2Vec, CodeBERT, CodeGPT, CodeT5, and RoBERTa, are used to generate embeddings from source code. These embeddings are then used for DPR via a k-nearest neighbors prediction. Precision, recall, and F1-score metrics are computed to evaluate performance.

Results
RoBERTa is the top performer, followed by CodeGPT and CodeBERT, which showed mean F1 Scores of 0.91, 0.79, and 0.77, respectively. The results show that LLMs without explicit pre-training can effectively store semantics and syntactic information, which can be used in building better DPR tools.

Conclusion
The performance of LLMs in DPR is comparable to existing state-of-the-art methods but with less effort in identifying pattern-specific rules and pre-training. Factors influencing prediction performance in Java files/programs are analyzed. These findings can advance software engineering practices and show the importance and abilities of LLMs for effective DPR in source code.
Block mapping class groups and their finiteness properties
Authors: Aramayona J. , Aroca J. , Cumplido M. , Skipper R. , Wu X. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Given

$$g \in \mathbb N \cup \{0, \infty \}$$

g
∈
N
∪
{
0
,
∞
}

, let

$$\Sigma _g$$

Σ
g

denote the closed surface of genus g with a Cantor set removed, if

$$g<\infty $$

g
<
∞

; or the blooming Cantor tree, when

$$g= \infty $$

g
=
∞

. We construct a family

$$\mathfrak B(H)$$

B
(
H
)

of subgroups of

$${{\,\textrm{Map}\,}}(\Sigma _g)$$

Map

(

Σ
g

)

whose elements preserve a block decomposition of

$$\Sigma _g$$

Σ
g

, and eventually like act like an element of H, where H is a prescribed subgroup of the mapping class group of the block. The group

$$\mathfrak B(H)$$

B
(
H
)

surjects onto an appropriate symmetric Thompson group of Farley–Hughes; in particular, it answers positively. Our main result asserts that

$$\mathfrak B(H)$$

B
(
H
)

is of type

$$F_n$$

F
n

if and only if H is. As a consequence, for every

$$g\in \mathbb N \cup \{0, \infty \}$$

g
∈
N
∪
{
0
,
∞
}

and every

$$n\ge 1$$

n
≥
1

, we construct a subgroup

$$G <{{\,\textrm{Map}\,}}(\Sigma _g)$$

G
<

Map

(

Σ
g

)

that is of type

$$F_n$$

F
n

but not of type

$$F_{n+1}$$

F

n
+
1

, and which contains the mapping class group of every compact surface of genus

$$\le g$$

≤
g

and with non-empty boundary.
Asilomar, Gene Cloning’s Origins, and Its Commercial Fate
Authors: Yi Doogab 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper delves into the historical development of recombinant DNA technology, examining the pivotal controversies surrounding public health and commercialization that emerged with the prospect of gene cloning in the 1970s. The analysis will focus on the recombinant DNA experiments planned, conducted, and aborted by Janet Mertz and John Morrow, two graduate students at Paul Berg’s Laboratory at Stanford University. Their experiments, as I show, served as catalysts for both fear and excitement within the biomedical research community and beyond. This paper begins by reconstructing in some respects Mertz’s and Morrow’s investigative pathways, their contributions to technical developments in gene cloning, and their youthful perspectives on genetic engineering. While Mertz’s initial experimental plan led to the establishment of the Asilomar I Conference in 1973, Morrow’s subsequent cloning experiment, in collaboration with Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer, played a crucial role in shifting scientific and public sentiments around recombinant DNA, intensifying the tension between safety concerns and commercial aspirations before, during, and especially after the more famous Asilomar II Conference of 1975. The latter part of this paper briefly examines the commercial fate of early gene cloning within the context of the complex interplay between scientific advancements, societal and public health concerns, and proprietary interests that culminated in Genentech’s cloning of the artificial insulin gene. This paper concludes by discussing how concerns about responsible research practices and biosafety regulation were by the late 1970s increasingly overshadowed by critiques concerning the impact of regulations and academic patenting on scientific competition and laboratory culture.
The role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in post-cataract surgery Descemet membrane detachment
Authors: Ruggeri Francesco , Rullo Daria , Maugliani Elisa , Trotta Nicola , Ciancimino Chiara , Di Pippo Mariachiara , Guglielmelli Fabio , Abdolrahimzadeh Solmaz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This review seeks to evaluate anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in the diagnostic procedure and management of Descemet’s membrane detachment (DMD) in cataract surgery. DMD may present diagnostic challenges, particularly in pronounced corneal edema where traditional methods such as slit lamp biomicroscopy may be inadequate in evaluating the corneal layers. The role of AS-OCT in providing high-resolution images in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of cataract surgery is analyzed with a focus on its role in the early diagnosis of DMD and in evaluating the extent, morphology, and topographic localization of DMD allowing for immediate intervention during surgery and precise pneumodescemetopexy procedures where conservative treatment has failed. This review explores the integration of AS-OCT into the standard perioperative diagnostic workflow, highlighting its potential role in the prevention, accurate diagnosis, and prompt management of DMD, a complication of cataract surgery that, while low in incidence, can be highly disruptive when it occurs. The emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) in AS-OCT analysis of anterior segment conditions and surgical procedures is discussed, though refinement of AI algorithms is warranted.
Shining Light on Dark Matter: Advancing Functional Analysis of Obsidian Tools with Confocal Scanning Microscopy
Authors: Pichon Fiona , Ibáñez Estevez Juan José , Astruc Laurence , Gassin Bernard , Rodríguez Rodríguez Amelia , Lugliè Carlo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Over the past decade, confocal microscopy has increasingly been employed to examine changes in stone tool surfaces and has proven to be an accurate technique for quantifying use-wear texture. Promising results have emerged from characterizing Polish formation on experimental and archaeological flint tools. Recent studies also highlighted the potential of confocal microscopy for analyzing tools made from reflective materials, such as quartzite. In this paper, we investigate the capability of confocal microscopy to discriminate use-wear on obsidian quantitatively. We examine whether confocal microscopy and 3D texture analysis can correctly classify several worked materials that are challenging to differentiate using the optical standard method of use-wear analysis. For cutting activities, we include butchery, de-skinning a fresh hide from grease and meaty tissues, cutting tanned leather, harvesting domestic ripe cereals, harvesting semi-green wild cereals, and sawing wet limestone. As for scraping activities, we explore discriminating differences among tools used for working dry hide, dry antler, soaked antler, fresh bone, softwood, fresh reeds, and wet limestone. Our results demonstrate that these worked materials can be confidently identified in experimental tools. While other relevant factors affecting use-wear texture, such as the intensity of use or post-depositional alterations, need to be controlled before employing the method on archaeological materials, our research suggests that the quantitative approach can enhance the standard method of use-wear analysis, providing unprecedented precision for identifying worked materials in obsidian tools.