bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representation of Skin Colors in Images of Patients With Lupus
Authors: Rana Amaad , Witt Abbey , Jones Heather , Mwanthi Muithi , Murray Jacob , Zickuhr Lisa 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveLupus presents earlier and more severely among patients with skin of color (SOC), and this population experiences worse outcomes. Providers rely on medical education materials when developing skills to care for patients, yet these resources historically underrepresent patients with SOC and marginalize vulnerable populations. In this study, we investigated if this publication bias extends to images depicting patients with lupus.MethodsWe reviewed published images of patients with lupus from rheumatology, dermatology, and internal medicine textbooks and medical journals, SOC atlases, online image libraries, UpToDate, and Google Images. We selected materials published from 2014 to 2019 that were available through our university's online medical library. We used the search terms “lupus” and “lupus rash” to identify images. We rated the skin color in each image using the New Immigrant Survey Skin Color Scale and categorized them as light, medium, or dark. We compared the frequencies of published skin tones with chi‐square and odds ratio analyses.ResultsWe assessed the skin tone of 1,417 images. The significant majority (56.4%) of the images represented light skin (χ2 = 490.14, P < 0.001). After SOC atlases, journals were the most inclusive of images depicting dark skin tones. The specialty of dermatology was most inclusive of medium and darker skin tones.ConclusionPublished images of lupus underrepresent patients with SOC, which may limit providers' ability to deliver care to the patients who are at greatest risk for complications.
In the Dark About Physical Activity – Exploring Patient Perceptions of Physical Activity After Elective Total Knee Joint Replacement: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hawke Lyndon J. , Taylor Nicholas F. , Dowsey Michelle M. , Choong Peter F. M. , Shields Nora 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore patient perceptions of and motivations for physical activity after total knee joint replacement.MethodsParticipants were purposively sampled after completing a public outpatient rehabilitation exercise group. Semistructured interviews were completed with 22 participants (mean age 70 years, 45% women) 6 to 12 months after total knee joint replacement. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Themes were identified by an inductive and iterative process of data analysis.ResultsThe main theme to emerge was participants were in the dark about physical activity. Participants were typically not familiar with physical activity guidelines and had difficulty distinguishing between low‐ and moderate‐intensity physical activity. Three subthemes were identified: 1) people prioritize participation in meaningful life situations after total knee joint replacement, 2) rehabilitation was perceived to not explicitly address moderate‐intensity physical activity levels, and 3) other health and social reasons replaced knee osteoarthritis as barriers to physical activity.ConclusionLimited understanding of physical activity recommendations, prioritization of participation in meaningful life situations, rehabilitation that was impairment focused, and other health and social reasons appeared to contribute to low levels of moderate‐intensity physical activity in adults after knee joint replacement. Addressing being in the dark about physical activity may be an important first step to increase the effectiveness of behavioral interventions designed to promote physical activity after total knee joint replacement.
Use of a Novel Electronic Auto‐Notification Process to Manage Transitions of Care in Patients With Rheumatic Disease Receiving Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy
Authors: Bielawski Megan , Newman Eric , Schroeder Lisa L. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo integrate an auto‐notification system into clinical workflow, so timely communication of sentinel events (elective surgery, hospital admission, or emergency room [ER] visit) in immunosuppressed patients with rheumatic disease happened by design.MethodsWe developed an algorithm that triggered auto‐notification within the electronic medical record to rheumatology when a patient experienced a sentinel event. A telephone encounter was created that included event type, baseline therapy, and event date. This was forwarded to the rheumatologist, who recorded guideline‐driven recommendations and returned it to nursing. Instructions were included to communicate recommendations to the patient, inpatient rheumatology team, or other clinician. This was studied over 4 months at a multispecialty medical practice in Central Pennsylvania. Primary outcomes were percentage of total notifications, notifications by sentinel event type where a change in care plan was recommended, as well as percentage of time where rheumatologists were notified of sentinel events compared to prior to the intervention. The secondary outcome was staff work effort.ResultsTwo hundred forty notifications were received (57% for elective surgeries, 39% for ER visits, and 4% for admissions). The need for change in care plan was only 17% for ER visits but was 25% for hospital admissions and 44% for elective surgeries. The percentage of time that rheumatologists were notified of events increased from 57.6% to 100%. The average number of messages received per week was 2.2, requiring a weekly average of 13 minutes of work per physician.ConclusionWe developed an easy, well‐received process that hardwires rheumatologist notification sentinel events to facilitate timely care.
Revealing the Various Electrochemical Behaviors of Sn4P3 Binary Alloy Anodes in Alkali Metal Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Junhua , Lian Xueyu , You Yizhou , Shi Qitao , Liu Yu , Yang Xiaoqin , Liu Lijun , Wang Dan , Choi Jin‐Ho , Sun Jingyu , Yang Ruizhi , Rummeli Mark H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSn4P3 binary alloy anode has attracted much attention, not only because of the synergistic effect of P and Sn, but also its universal popularity in alkali metal ion batteries (AIBs), including lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, the alkali metal ion (A+) storage and capacity attenuation mechanism of Sn4P3 anodes in AIBs are not well understood. Herein, a combination of ex situ X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and density functional theory calculations reveals that the Sn4P3 anode undergoes segregation of Sn and P, followed by the intercalation of A+ in P and then in Sn. In addition, differential electrochemical curves and ex situ XPS results demonstrate that the deep insertion of A+ in P and Sn, especially in P, contributes to the reduction in capacity of AIBs. Serious sodium metal dendrite growth causes further reduction in the capacity of SIBs, while in PIBs it is the unstable solid electrolyte interphase and sluggish dynamics that lead to capacity decay. Not only the failure mechanism, including structural deterioration, unstable SEI, dendrite growth, and sluggish kinetics, but also the modification strategy and systematic analysis method provide theoretical guidance for the development of other alloy‐based anode materials.
Sonosensitizer‐Functionalized Graphene Nanoribbons for Adhesion Blocking and Sonodynamic Ablation of Ovarian Cancer Spheroids
Authors: Lee Hak Rae , Kim Dae Woo , Jones Victoria O. , Choi Yunkyu , Ferry Vivian E. , Geller Melissa A. , Azarin Samira M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdvanced stage ovarian cancer is challenging to treat due to widespread seeding of tumor spheroids throughout the mesothelial lining of the peritoneal cavity. In this work, a therapeutic strategy using graphene nanoribbons (GNR) functionalized with 4‐arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chlorin e6 (Ce6), a sonosensitizer, to target metastatic ovarian cancer spheroids is reported. GNR‐PEG‐Ce6 adsorbs onto the spheroids and disrupts their adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins or LP‐9 mesothelial cells. Furthermore, for spheroids that do adhere, GNR‐PEG‐Ce6 delays spheroid disaggregation and spreading as well as mesothelial clearance, key metastatic processes following adhesion. Owing to the sonodynamic effects of Ce6 and its localized delivery via the biomaterial, GNR‐PEG‐Ce6 can kill ovarian cancer spheroids adhered to LP‐9 cell monolayers when combined with mild ultrasound irradiation. The interaction with GNR‐PEG‐Ce6 also loosens cell–cell adhesions within the spheroids, rendering them more susceptible to treatment with the chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin and paclitaxel, which typically have difficulty in penetrating ovarian cancer spheroids. Thus, this material can facilitate effective chemotherapeutic and sonodynamic combination therapies. Finally, the adhesion inhibiting and sonodynamic effects of GNR‐PEG‐Ce6 are also validated with tumor spheroids derived from the ascites fluid of ovarian cancer patients, providing evidence of the translational potential of this biomaterial approach.
Modulation of Gastrointestinal Mucus Properties with Ionic Liquids for Drug Delivery
Authors: Peng Kevin , Gao Yongsheng , Angsantikul Pavimol , LaBarbiera Anthony , Goetz Morgan , Curreri Alexander M. , Rodrigues Danika , Tanner Eden E. L. , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe mucus barrier lining the gastrointestinal tract poses a significant barrier to the oral delivery of macromolecular drugs. Successful approaches to overcoming this barrier have primarily focused on reducing drug and carrier interactions with mucus or disrupting the mucus layer directly. Choline‐based ionic liquids (ILs) such as choline geranate and choline glycolate (CGLY) have recently been shown to be effective in enhancing the intestinal absorption of macromolecules such as insulin and immunoglobulin (IgG), respectively. Herein, the use of choline‐based ILs as mucus‐modulating agents for safely improving drug penetration through mucus is described. Choline‐based ILs significantly increase the diffusion rates of cationic dextrans through mucin solution. Choline‐maleic acid (CMLC 2:1) enhances the diffusion of 4 kDa cationic dextran in mucin solution by more than fourfold when compared to phosphate‐buffered saline control. Choline‐based ILs also reduce mucus viscosity without significantly impacting the native mucus gel structure. In vitro studies in a mucus‐secreting coculture model with Caco‐2 and HT29MTX‐E12 cells further demonstrate the effectiveness of ILs in improving transport of cationic molecules in the presence of secreted mucus. This work demonstrates the potential for choline‐based ionic liquids to be used as nondestructive mucus‐modulating agents for enabling enhanced oral delivery of macromolecular drugs.
Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy through an “AND gate” Reactive Oxygen‐Species‐Dependent pH‐Responsive Nanomedicine Approach
Authors: Jäger Eliézer , Humajová Jana , Dölen Yusuf , Kučka Jan , Jäger Alessandro , Konefał Rafał , Pankrác Jan , Pavlova Ewa , Heizer Tomáš , Šefc Luděk , Hrubý Martin , Figdor Carl G. , Verdoes Martijn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnticancer drug delivery strategies are designed to take advantage of the differential chemical environment in solid tumors independently, or to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or to low pH, compared to healthy tissue. Here, the design and thorough characterization of two functionalizable “AND gate” multiresponsive (MR) block amphiphilic copolymers are reported, aimed to take full advantage of the coexistence of two chemical cues—ROS and low pH—present in the tumor microenvironment. The hydrophobic blocks contain masked pH‐responsive side chains, which are exposed exclusively in response to ROS. Hence, the hydrophobic polymer side chains will undergo a charge shift in a very relevant pH window present in the extracellular milieu in most solid tumors (pH 5.6–7.2) after demasking by ROS. Doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded nanosized “AND gate” MR polymersomes (MRPs) are fabricated via microfluidic self‐assembly. Chemical characterization reveals ROS‐dependent pH sensitivity and accelerated DOX release under influence of both ROS and low pH. Treatment of tumor‐bearing mice with DOX‐loaded nonresponsive and “AND gate” MRPs dramatically decreases cardiac toxicity. The most optimal “AND gate” MRPs outperform free DOX in terms of tumor growth inhibition and survival, shedding light on chemical requirements for successful cancer nanomedicine.
Active Control of Nanodielectric‐Induced THz Quasi‐BIC in Flexible Metasurfaces: A Platform for Modulation and Sensing
Authors: Tan Thomas CaiWei , Srivastava Yogesh Kumar , Ako Rajour Tanyi , Wang Wenhao , Bhaskaran Madhu , Sriram Sharath , Al‐Naib Ibraheem , Plum Eric , Singh Ranjan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA bound state in the continuum (BIC) is a nonradiating state of light embedded in the continuum of propagating modes providing drastic enhancement of the electromagnetic field and its localization at micro–nanoscale. However, access to such modes in the far‐field requires symmetry breaking. Here, it is demonstrated that a nanometric dielectric or semiconductor layer, 1000 times thinner than the resonant wavelength (λ/1000), induces a dynamically controllable quasi‐bound state in the continuum (QBIC) with ultrahigh quality factor in a symmetric metallic metasurface at terahertz frequencies. Photoexcitation of nanostrips of germanium activates ultrafast switching of a QBIC resonance with 200% transmission intensity modulation and complete recovery within 7 ps on a low‐loss flexible substrate. The nanostrips also form microchannels that provide an opportunity for BIC‐based refractive index sensing. An optimization model is presented for (switchable) QBIC resonances of metamaterial arrays of planar symmetric resonators modified with any (active) dielectric for inverse metamaterial design that can serve as an enabling platform for active micro–nanophotonic devices.
Boosting CO2 Electroreduction via the Synergistic Effect of Tuning Cationic Clusters and Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhou Yue , Zheng Lirong , Yang Deren , Yang Haozhou , Wang Xun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroducing an external light field can increase the intrinsic activity and energy efficiency for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Herein, a synergistic strategy that introduces photosensitive components and visible light into a stable system is reported to improve the performance for CO2 reduction. The catalytic kinetics studies indicate that the synergistic effect of implantation of cationic Ti and additional light driving is the primary responsibility for accelerating the first electron transfer to form a *COO− intermediate. This leads to a satisfactory CO2‐to‐CO conversion for Zr/Ti‐NB‐Co in terms of high selectivity (Faradaic efficiency of 93.6% at −0.7 V), remarkable catalytic activity (production rate up to 546 mmol g−1 h−1 at −1.1 V), excellent long‐term stability (without performance decay over 11 h), and large turnover frequency of 1028 h−1 at −1.1 V under visible light. These results imply that the photodriven Ti‐based porphyrin catalyst not only can deliver more electrons, but also can act as a photoswitch to adjust the electron transfer pathway.
Formation of Multiple‐Helical Core‐Shell Structure from Polyphenyl and Boron Nitride Nanotube
Authors: Yang Houbo , Zhang Danhui , Liang Ruquan , Liu Zhongkui , Song Yuanmei , Yang Liu , Liu Anmin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this manuscript, a multiple‐helical core‐shell structure is studied from polyphenyl and boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) through the molecular dynamics simulation. The results exhibited that polyphenyl is constrained in the inside of BNNT and self‐coiled to a helical configuration. In these systems, both the van der Waals potential well and the π–π stacking interaction between the polyphenyl and BNNT play a key role in the formation of helical nanostructures. The final configuration of composites can be influenced by many factors such as the diameter of BNNT, the chain number of polymer, the length of polymer, and the simulation temperature which are investigated in detail. This theory research about polyphenyl and BNNT may supply more theoretical foundation in chemical functionalization and helical polymer synthesis, which can be helpful for fabricating nanoscale devices.
OTUD7B Deubiquitinates LSD1 to Govern Its Binding Partner Specificity, Homeostasis, and Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Gong Zhicheng , Li Aicun , Ding Jiancheng , Li Qing , Zhang Lei , Li Yuanpei , Meng Zhe , Chen Fei , Huang Jialiang , Zhou Dawang , Hu Ronggui , Ye Jing , Liu Wen , You Han 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGenomic amplification of OTUD7B is frequently found across human cancers. But its role in tumorigenesis is poorly understood. Lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is known to execute epigenetic regulation by forming corepressor complex with CoREST/histone deacetylases (HDACs). However, the molecular mechanisms by which cells maintain LSD1/CoREST complex integrity are unknown. Here, it is reported that LSD1 protein undergoes K63‐linked polyubiquitination. OTUD7B is responsible for LSD1 deubiquitination at K226/277 residues, resulting in dynamic control of LSD1 binding partner specificity and cellular homeostasis. OTUD7B deficiency increases K63‐linked ubiquitination of LSD1, which disrupts LSD1/CoREST complex formation and targets LSD1 for p62‐mediated proteolysis. Consequently, OTUD7B deficiency impairs genome‐wide LSD1 occupancy and enhances the methylation of H3K4/H3K9, therefore profoundly impacting global gene expression and abrogating breast cancer metastasis. Moreover, physiological fluctuation of OTUD7B modulates cell cycle‐dependent LSD1 oscillation, ensuring the G1/S transition. Both OTUD7B and LSD1 proteins are overpresented in high‐grade or metastatic human breast cancer, while dysregulation of either protein is associated with poor survival and metastasis. Thus, OTUD7B plays a unique partner‐switching role in maintaining the integrity of LSD1/CoREST corepressor complex, LSD1 turnover, and breast cancer metastasis.
Boosting Formate Production from CO2 at High Current Densities Over a Wide Electrochemical Potential Window on a SnS Catalyst
Authors: Zou Jinshuo , Lee Chong‐Yong , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe flow‐cell design offers prospect for transition to commercial‐relevant high current density CO2 electrolysis. However, it remains to understand the fundamental interplay between the catalyst, and the electrolyte in such configuration toward CO2 reduction performance. Herein, the dramatic influence of electrolyte alkalinity in widening potential window for CO2 electroreduction in a flow‐cell system based on SnS nanosheets is reported. The optimized SnS catalyst operated in 1 m KOH achieves a maximum formate Faradaic efficiency of 88 ± 2% at −1.3 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) with the current density of ≈120 mA cm−2. Alkaline electrolyte is found suppressing the hydrogen evolution across all potentials which is particularly dominant at the less negative potentials, as well as CO evolution at more negative potentials. This in turn widens the potential window for formate conversion (>70% across −0.5 to −1.5 V vs RHE). A comparative study to SnOx counterpart indicates sulfur also acts to suppress hydrogen evolution, although electrolyte alkalinity resulting in a greater suppression. The boosting of the electrochemical potential window, along with high current densities in SnS derived catalytic system offers a highly attractive and promising route toward industrial‐relevant electrocatalytic production of formate from CO2.
Yeast Bromodomain Factor 1 and Its Human Homolog TAF1 Play Conserved Roles in Promoting Homologous Recombination
Authors: Peng Haoyang , Zhang Simin , Peng Yihan , Zhu Shuangyi , Zhao Xin , Zhao Xiaocong , Yang Shuangshuang , Liu Guangxue , Dong Yang , Gan Xiaoli , Li Qing , Zhang Xinghua , Pei Huadong , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHistone acetylation is a key histone post‐translational modification that shapes chromatin structure, dynamics, and function. Bromodomain (BRD) proteins, the readers of acetyl‐lysines, are located in the center of the histone acetylation‐signaling network. How they regulate DNA repair and genome stability remains poorly understood. Here, a conserved function of the yeast Bromodomain Factor 1 (Bdf1) and its human counterpart TAF1 is reported in promoting DNA double‐stranded break repair by homologous recombination (HR). Depletion of either yeast BDF1 or human TAF1, or disruption of their BRDs impairs DNA end resection, Replication Protein A (RPA) and Rad51 loading, and HR repair, causing genome instability and hypersensitivity to DNA damage. Mechanistically, it is shown that Bdf1 preferentially binds the DNA damage‐induced histone H4 acetylation (H4Ac) via the BRD motifs, leading to its chromatin recruitment. Meanwhile, Bdf1 physically interacts with RPA, and this interaction facilitates RPA loading in the chromatin context and the subsequent HR repair. Similarly, TAF1 also interacts with H4Ac or RPA. Thus, Bdf1 and TAF1 appear to share a conserved mechanism in linking the HR repair to chromatin acetylation in preserving genome integrity.
Ternary 2D Layered Material FePSe3 and Near‐Infrared Photodetector
Authors: Xu Tengfei , Luo Man , Shen Niming , Yu Yiye , Wang Zhen , Cui Zhuangzhuang , Qin Jiayi , Liang Fang , Chen Yunfeng , Zhou Yong , Zhong Fang , Peng Meng , Zubair Muhammad , Li Ning , Miao Jinshui , Lu Wei , Yu Chenhui , Hu Weida 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe preparation of ternary 2D layered material (2DLM) FePSe3 and field‐effect transistor (FET) type photodetector are investigated. By advancing an optimized chemical vapor transport method, bulk crystal FePSe3 is synthesized within several growth hours instead of routinely required weeks, from which 2DLM FePSe3 flakes with a thickness of ≈22.0 nm and high crystalline quality are obtained through mechanical exfoliation. Ohmic contacts for FET structure with good linear conductivity and thermal stability are implemented through the combination of electron‐beam lithography and thermal evaporation techniques. Transfer characteristics prove the p‐type conductivity of the 2DLM FePSe3 channel. The transistor devices exhibit good performance at 637 nm with a detectivity of 1.17 × 107 Jones. More importantly, a wide photocurrent spectrum from visible (450 nm) to near‐infrared (940 nm) of ternary 2DLMs is observed, which is attributed to the improvement of crystal quality of 2DLM, relatively low surface defect states, and high‐performance Ohmic electrodes. This work promotes the development of ternary 2DLM and photodetector that are still in their infancy towards continuous broad‐spectrum technology.
Smartphone‐based estimation of green cover depends on the camera used
Authors: Heinonen Reija , Mattila Tuomas J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSmartphone‐based visual assessment of vegetation cover is a promising, fast, and repeatable approach that allows land managers to compare measurements on their farm with other farms. This study determined the influence of the smartphone device on green cover measurements on several crops. The hypothesis was that different smartphones would provide similar green cover (reflectance) for management purposes (i.e., <10% difference). Forty fields in Finland were sampled between 10 and 28 July 2020 with Motorola Moto G7 and Samsung Galaxy A6 smartphones. The results were compared also with Sentinel‐2 remote sensing of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and biomass quadrants. The two smartphones had different green reflectance values that were correlated to each other. Both green reflectance measurements correlated with the NDVI that was measured with the Sentinel 2 satellite sensor and biomass. These findings suggest that smartphone‐based monitoring can be used at least to classify vegetation to low, medium, and high density but that results from different cameras should not be compared.