bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Wall Shear Stress on Two Phase Fluctuating Flow of Dusty Fluids by Solving Light Hill Technique
Authors: khan Dolat , Rahman Ata ur , ali Gohar , kummam Poom 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
On the importance of wall shear stress effect and dust fluid in the fluid problems. The aim of this paper to discover the influence of wall shear stress on dust fluids of fluctuating flow. The flow is consider between two parallel plates which are non-conducting. Due to the transformation of heat the fluid flow is generated. We consider every dust particle having spherical uniformly disperse in the base fluid. The perturb solution is obtained by applying Poincare-Lighthill perturbation technique (PLPT). The fluid velocity along with shear stress is discussed for the different parameters like Grashof number, magnetic parameter, radiation parameter and dusty fluid parameter. Graphical results for fluid and dust particles are plotted through Mathcad-15. The behavior of base fluid and dusty fluid is matching for different embedded parameters.
Projected Increase in Fast-Growing and Slow-Dissipating El Niño Events in the 21st Century
Authors: Lopez Hosmay , Lee Sang-Ki , Kim Dongmin , Wittenberg Andrew , Yeh Sang-Wook 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Future changes in the seasonal evolution of El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the onset and decay phases have received little attention by the research community. This work investigates the projected changes in the spatio-temporal evolution of El Niño events in the 21st Century (21C) using a large ensemble simulation of a couple general circulation model under anthropogenic forcing. Here we show that El Niño is projected to (1) initiate sooner in boreal spring, (2) to grow at a faster rate, (3) to persist longer over the eastern and far eastern Pacific, and (4) to have a broader impact on remote teleconnections. Significant changes in the tropical Pacific mean state, dominant feedback processes, and a projected increase in stochastic westerly wind burst forcing largely explain the fast growing and slow dissipating El Niño in the late 21C. Important implications of these findings are that the global climate impacts are projected to become more significant and persistent, owing to the extended persistence of El Niño.
Survival Analysis of 335 Patients With Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Combined Treatment&nbsp;
Authors: Roshani Daem , Moradi Ghobad , Rasouli Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: If colorectal cancer (CRC) is diagnosed in the early stages, the patients will have higher survival rates. Although there might be some other factors which affect the survival rate, the kind of treatment available based on existing health and therapeutic facilities, is very important as well. The aim of this study was to explore the best type of treatment in colorectal cancer patients.Methods: The data of 335 patients with CRC in Kurdistan province were collected using population-based cancer registration system from first of March 2009 to 2014. Demographic and clinical- pathologic data of the patients were gathered through their medical and pathology records and going to the door of their houses. The cancer-specific survival rate were calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival curve, log-rank test, univariate and multivariate Cox regression. The data was analyzed using Stata 12 software. Results: One-year, three-year and five-year survival rates were %87, %57 and %33 respectively. The median of survival was 42.6 months. The five-year survival rate for those patients who had received both surgical and chemotherapy treatments was %55.8. There was less mortality rate among the patients who had received both surgical and chemotherapy treatments compared to those who had not received any treatment (HR=0.57, 95% CI 0.24-0.93).Conclusion: When CRC patients are treated using both surgical and chemotherapy treatments, they will have higher survival rate. Therefore, it is suggested to use both treatments for CRC patients.
‘Attitudes Towards Sport Psychology Consulting in Athletes From Individual and Team Sports’
Authors: Rooney Daire , Heron Neil , Jackson Robin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate how an athlete’s participation in either an individual or team sport is related to their attitude toward sport psychology consulting and their willingness to consult a sport psychology practitioner. Method: The Sport Psychology Attitudes-Revised form (SPA-R) was completed by one hundred and twenty athletes from individual and team sports. A 2 (Type of sport: individual and team) x 2 (Gender) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted with attitudes towards sport psychology as dependent variables. In order to identify attitudes that accentuated the differences related to type of sport, follow-up univariate analyses were performed. Results: Results revealed that athletes involved in individual sports reported overall more positive attitudes towards sport psychology consulting than athletes involved in team sports. In particular, the athletes involved in individual sports were more likely to have greater confidence in sport psychology consulting. The findings also show that gender may mediate this association, indicated by a nearly significant two-way interaction effect for gender and type of sport (individual versus team) regarding confidence in sport psychology. The source of this marginal result was a larger effect of sport type for females than for males. Conclusions: The findings of this study imply that athletes involved in individual sports are more likely to have positive attitudes towards sport psychology compared to athletes competing in team-based sports. The results may go some way to assist sport psychologists to understand and address athletes’ concerns and to improve receptivity to sport psychology services.
Pneumococcal Burden in Hospitalized Adults in Bogotá, Colombia.
Authors: Narvaez Paula , Gomez-Duque Salome , Alarcon Juan , Ramirez-Valbuena Paula , Serrano-Mayorga Cristian , Lozada-Arcinegas Julian , Bastidas Alirio , Gomez Sandra , Vargas Hernan , Feldman Charles , Reyes Luis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) varies depending on a number of factors, including vaccine uptake, in both children and adults, the geographic location, and local serotype prevalence. There are limited data about the burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), serotype distribution, and clinical characteristics of adults hospitalized due to IPD in Colombia. Thus, this study will attempt to bridge this gap in the literature. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, a citywide study conducted between 2012 and 2019 in Bogotá, Colombia. We analyzed reported positive cases of IPD from 55 hospitals in a governmental pneumococcal surveillance program. Pneumococcal strains were isolated in each hospital and typified in a centralized laboratory. The objectives of this study included assessment of Spn serotype distribution, clinical characteristics, mortality, ICU admission, and the need for mechanical ventilation. Results: A total of 310 patients with IPD were included, of whom 45.5% were female. The leading cause of IPD was pneumonia (60%, 186/310), followed by meningitis. The most frequent serotypes isolated were 19A (13.87%, 43/310) and 3 (11.94%, 37/310). The overall hospital mortality rate was 30.3% (94/310). Moreover, 52.6% (163/310 patients) were admitted to the ICU, 45.5% (141/310) required invasive mechanical ventilation and 5.1% (16/310) non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Pneumococcal pneumonia is the most prevalent cause of IPD, with serotypes 19A and 3 being the leading cause of IPD in Colombian adults. Mortality due to IPD in adults continues to be very high.
Predicting the Use Labor Induction Intervention: A Machine Learning Approach for the Birth-Cohort Registry at A Tertiary Hospital in North Tanzania.
Authors: Tarimo Clifford , Bhuyan Soumitra , Li Quanman , Mahande Michael , Wu Jian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Following an increased use of labor induction procedure to prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa, hitting the best algorithm that accurately classify subjects in need of the intervention is of paramount importance. This study aimed at comparing the potential benefits of applying machine learning (ML) algorithms over the conventional logistic regression model in predicting the use of labor induction intervention in pregnant women attending one of the tertiary hospitals in north Tanzania for delivery. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) birth registry database for women with uncomplicated pregnancies from the year 2000 to 2015. We excluded observations with non-vertex presentation and those with missing information on labor induction status. Model accuracy and Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC - ROC) were used to assess the discriminative ability of the selected models. We plotted the decision curve analysis (DCA) to assess the clinical utility of the models under observation. Results: A total of 21,578 deliveries were analyzed. Among these, 8814 (41%) were induced during the study period. Among the selected machine learning models, Random forest algorithm exhibited the best performance in terms of accuracy [0.75; 95%CI (0.73 – 0.76)] and AUC-ROC [AUC-ROC: 0.75; 95% CI (0.74 – 0.76)] compared to other models including logistic regression. Among assessed maternal attributes, parity, maternal age, body mass index, gestational age and birthweight were deemed most important predictors for labor induction intervention. Conclusion: The selected machine learning methods offered better computational performance compared to the conventional logistic regression model in predicting the use of labor induction intervention. The current study lends substantial support to the use of machine learning models in predicting the use of labor induction intervention.
Integrated Eco-sustainable System for Alluvial Gold Leaching-Recovery
Authors: Aguinaga Ulises Quiroz , Baena-Moncada Angélica María , Rosa-Toro Adolfo La 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An Integrated system for alluvial gold leaching-recovery was design to leach gold from alluvial ore as alternative to mercury and cyanide leaching. NaClO is obtained by NaCl 1 % in-situ electrolysis at pH 2 and used as leachate solution. Gold leaching optimization is achieved using a rotary drum reactor fed with the leaching solution, the process takes 6 hours and 95 % of gold recovery is obtained, the remnant gold from the alluvial ore is treated in an stationary reactor with NaClO 200 ppm at pH 2; reaching 99.6 % recovery of the total alluvial gold. This leaching-recovery alluvial system has the potential to replaced mercury and cyanide leaching process.
Worse Prognosis for IDH Wild-Type Diffuse Gliomas With Larger Residual Biological Tumor Burden
Authors: Tatekawa Hiroyuki , Uetani Hiroyuki , Hagiwara Akifumi , Bahri Shadfar , Raymond Catalina , Lai Albert , Cloughesy Timothy , Nghiemphu Phioanh , Liau Linda , Pope Whitney , Salamon Noriko , Ellingson Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association between biological tumor burden in pre- and post-operative status and overall survival (OS) in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type gliomas, and to evaluate which volume was the best predictor of OS. Thirty-four patients with treatment-naïve IDH wild-type gliomas (grade II, 6; III, 15; IV, 13) were retrospectively included. Three pre-operative tumor regions of interest (ROIs) were segmented based on the contrast-enhanced (CE), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense, and 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]-fluoro-L-phenylalanine (FDOPA) hypermetabolic regions. Resected ROIs were segmented from the post-operative images. Residual CE, FLAIR hyperintense, and FDOPA hypermetabolic ROIs were created by subtracting resected ROIs from pre-operative ROIs. Cox regression was conducted to investigate the association of OS with the volume of each ROI. Residual CE volume had a significant association with OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26, P = 0.039), but this effect disappeared when controlling for tumor grade. Residual FDOPA hypermetabolic volume was significantly associated with OS (HR = 1.18, P = 0.008), even when controlling for tumor grade. FLAIR hyperintense volume showed no significant association with OS. Residual FDOPA hypermetabolic burden predicted OS for IDH wild-type gliomas, regardless of tumor grade. Furthermore, removing hypermetabolic and CE regions may improve the prognosis.
Clinical Performance of The sFlt-1/PlGF Test For The Prediction of Preeclampsia Among Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Pregnant Women in Estonia: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Hanson Ele , Rull Kristiina , Ratnik Kaspar , Vaas Pille , Teesalu Pille , Laan Maris 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication manifesting as new-onset hypertension and other maternal organ dysfunction after 20th gestational weeks. The study aimed to evaluate the applicability and limitations of the maternal serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor (sFlt-1/PlGF) test in a clinical setting for the prediction of PE among symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women. There is limited knowledge on the performance of this test in asymptomatic women and thus, its value for screening purposes to predict PE is not confidently settled.Methods: The study group comprised of 215 patients developing either PE (n=29) or gestational hypertension/proteinuria (n=22) or representing controls (n=164). Patients had been sampled within 180-291 gestational days in the presence (symptomatic, n=31) or absence (asymptomatic, n=216) of PE-alerting symptoms. Serum samples collected during prospective cohort study ’Happy Pregnancy’ at the Women’s Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Estonia, and they were analyzed using the BRAHMS sFlt‑1 Kryptor/BRAHMS PlGF plus Kryptor PE ratio test (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Henningdorf, Germany). The results were interpreted using recommendations by Stepan et al 2015 Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. Results: The assignment of ’Rule-out PE’ (sFlt-1/PlGF ratio <38) had a negative predictive value >99% for four weeks for both asymptomatic and symptomatic women. Among 29 sera assigned to the ‘Rule-in PE’(sFlt-1/PlGF >85/110), only 18 pregnancies (62.1%) eventually developed PE. For four weeks period, the overall PE detection rate was 83% for asymptomatic and 50% for symptomatic pregnancies. Pregnancies receiving false predictions of PE risk based on sFlt-1/PlGF ratio represented either cases with an isolated small-for-gestational age fetus or blood sampling after 34 gestational weeks.Conclusions: The first study in Estonian patients confirmed high reliability of the proposed cut-off value sFlt-1/PlGF <38 as a “Rule-out PE” cut-off value for two weeks in both symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnancies. The test’s limitation in our clinical setting appeared to be high false positive rate in pregnancies with other placental pathologies than PE or due to physiological increase in sFlt-1/PlGF in late gestation. For correct prediction of PE, more specific recommendations are urgently needed for the application and interpretation of the test in routine clinical practice.
Flexible, high mobility short-channel organic thin film transistors and logic circuits based on 4H-21DNTT
Authors: Bilgaiyan Anubha , Cho Seung-Il , Abiko Miho , Watanabe Kaori , Mizukami Makoto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The low mobility and large contact resistance in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are the two major limiting factors in the development of high-performance organic logic circuits. Here, solution-processed high-performance OTFTs and circuits are reported with a polymeric gate dielectric and 6,6 bis (trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)-dinaphtho[2,1-b:2,1-f ]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (4H-21DNTT) for the organic semiconducting layer. By optimizing and controlling the fabrication conditions, a record high saturation mobility of 8.8 cm2V− 1s− 1 was demonstrated as well as large on/off ratios (> 106) for relatively short channel lengths of 15 µm and an average carrier mobility of 10.5 cm2V-1s-1 for long channel length OTFTs (> 50 µm). The pseudo-CMOS inverter circuit with a channel length of 15 µm exhibited sharp switching characteristics with a high signal gain of 31.5 at a supply voltage of 20 V. In addition to the inverter circuit, NAND logic circuits were further investigated, which also exhibited remarkable logic characteristics, with a high gain, an operating frequency of 5 kHz, and a short propagation delay of 22.1 µs. The uniform and reproducible performance of 4H-21DNTT OTFTs show potential for large-area, low-cost real-world applications on industry-compatible bottom-contact substrates.
Simulation study of BPPV fatigability
Authors: Yang Xiao-kai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To analyze the mechanism and clinical significance of BPPV fatigability and discuss how to eliminate BPPV fatigability. A physical simulation model of BPPV was developed to analyze the effects of the Dix-Hallpike test and different angles of bowing maneuver on otolith positions. Dix-Hallpike test can keep the otoliths in the lower arm of the posterior semicircular canal away from the ampulla. The otoliths located in the lower arm of the posterior semicircular canal, slide closed to the ampulla while tilting the head forward more than 30 degrees; slide to the bottom of the crista ampullaris while tilting the head forward more than 60 degrees. The otoliths located in the short arm of the posterior semicircular canal leave the short arm and enter the utricle while tilting the head forward more than 120 degrees. It is recommended that tilting the head forward at least 60° so that the nystagmus induced by repeated Dix-Hallpike tests is consistent with long latency and fatigability is eliminated,which will be an important basis for the diagnosis of BPPV.
Persistent Fifth Aortic Arch Associated With Aortic Coarctation: A Case of Surgical Correction Without Artificial Material
Authors: Kim Chang Hun , Kim Hyungtae , Choi Kwang Ho , Sung Si Chan , Ko Hoon , Choo Ki Seok 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Persistent fifth aortic arch (PFAA) is a rare anomaly often associated with aortic coarctation or interruption, and various surgical techniques for this anomaly have been reported. Herein, we show a case of an infant with PFAA and severe aortic coarctation. Case presentation: A 41-day-old female infant was admitted for sustained fever. Initially, the patient was diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, and echocardiography showed PFAA with severe aortic coarctation. Because the patient presented progressive oliguria and metabolic acidosis, she was transferred for emergency cardiac surgical intervention. The aortic arch was reconstructed using end-to-side anastomosis between the fifth aortic arch and the descending aorta without any artificial conduit or patching material. Conclusions: PFAA with aortic coarctation can be repaired by various surgical methods. Among them, our surgical approach is easy and effective, has growth potential, and an additional surgery is not needed.
Genome-Wide Identification Analysis of The Auxin Response Factor Gene Family (ARF) in Zizania Latifolia and its Role in Swelling Stem Formation After Ustilago Esculenta Infection
Authors: Li Jie , Hou Jinfeng , Lu Zhiyuan , Yang Yang , Wang Hao , Wu Ying , Yuan Lingyun , Chen Guohu , Wang Chenggang , Gan Defang , Zhu Shidong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Auxin signalling plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. Although the auxin response factor (ARF) gene family has been studied in some plant species, its structural features, molecular evolution, and expression profile in Zizania latifolia (Z. latifolia) are still not clear.Results: Our study identified 33 putative YSL genes from the whole Z. latifolia genome. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the ZlARFs was undertaken, including phylogenetic relationship, gene structures, conserved domains, synteny, Ka/Ks, motifs, and subcellular locations of the gene product. Synteny analyses and the calculation of Ka/Ks values suggested that all 57 orthologous/paralogous gene pairs between Z. latifolia and Z. latifolia, Z. latifolia and Oryza sativa have experienced strong purifying selection. The phylogenetic analysis of ARFs indicated that the ZlARFs can be divided into 6 classes and that most ZlARFs from Z. latifolia have closer relationships with Oryza sativa than with Arabidopsis. RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR analyses showed that ZlARF genes were expressed in TDF treatment and U. esculenta infection, while some ZlARFs exhibited high expression levels only in U. esculenta infection. Meanwhile, the interaction networks and gene ontology (GO) term of the ZlARF genes were constructed and 23 ZlARF co-expressed genes were identified, most of which were down-regulated involve auxin-activated signalling pathway in after swelling stem formation. Transcriptome analysis results verified the relevant functions of ARF genes, and most ZlARF genes regulated physiological processes in response to differential cell expansion. Conclusion: Comprehensive bioinformation analysis of the auxin response factor gene family (ARF) in Z. latifolia and its association with swelling stem formation after U. esculenta infection. The bioinformatic and RNA-Seq analyses provided valuable information for further study on the regulation of the growth and development of swelling stem formation by ZlARFs in Z. latifolia.
Preparation and Evaluation on Paracetamol Tablets Using Goatskin Gelatin as a New Binder
Authors: Zilhadia Zilhadia , Amaliya Shoffiya , Anggraeni Yuni , Anggia Vivi , Harahap Yahdiana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Halal gelatin extracted from goatskin could be used as a new excipient in pharmaceutical dosage forms. This study was to determine the potency of gelatin extracted from goatskin as a binder on paracetamol tablets using wet granulation process with 2, 3 and 4% concentration ranges. As a comparison, tablets were formulated using bovine gelatin at the same concentration level. The results showed that weight variation, thickness uniformity and hardness value have met the requirements. Here, the paracetamol tablets using goatskin gelatin as a binder had better friability value, faster disintegration time and easier dissolution than the comparison (p < 0.05). Comparative test result showed increasing the concentration of gelatine caused the hardness value to go up, the disintegration time to take longer, and the tablet friability value to decrease (p < 0.05). The best tablets were produced with the 3% concentration of goatskin gelatine with the following evaluation results: the hardness value of 15.07 ± 0.67 Kp, the disintegration time of 3.71 ± 1.00 minutes and the friability value of 0.62% ± 0.89 respectively. The concentration of paracetamol in the 30th-minute dissolution test was equal to 99.78 ± 0.94%. The goatskin gelatin was very promising as a good binder using the wet granulation process.