bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Envisioning Complex Futures: Collective Narratives and Reasoning in Deliberations over Gene Editing in the Wild
Authors: Wills Ben Curran , Gusmano Michael K. , Schlesinger Mark 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of technologies for gene editing in the wild has the potential to generate tremendous benefit, but also raises important concerns. Using some form of public deliberation to inform decisions about the use of these technologies is appealing, but public deliberation about them will tend to fall back on various forms of heuristics to account for limited personal experience with these technologies. Deliberations are likely to involve narrative reasoning—or reasoning embedded within stories. These are used to help people discuss risks, processes, and fears that are otherwise difficult to convey. In this article, we identify three forms of collective narrative that are particularly relevant to debates about modifying genes in the wild. Our purpose is not to privilege any particular narrative, but to encourage people involved in deliberations to make these narratives transparent. Doing so can help guard against the way some narratives—referred to here as “crafted narratives”—may be manipulated by powerful elites and concentrated economic interests for their own strategic ends.
Diurnal cycle of surface energy fluxes in high mountain terrain: High‐resolution fully coupled atmosphere‐hydrology modelling and impact of lateral flow
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Arnault Joël , Laux Patrick , Ma Ning , Wei Jianhui , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWater and energy fluxes are inextricably interlinked within the interface of the land surface and the atmosphere. In the regional earth system models, the lower boundary parameterization of land surface neglects lateral hydrological processes, which may inadequately depict the surface water and energy fluxes variations, thus affecting the simulated atmospheric system through land‐atmosphere feedbacks. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the hydrologically enhanced regional climate modelling in order to represent the diurnal cycle of surface energy fluxes in high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and coupled WRF Hydrological modelling system (WRF‐Hydro) are applied in a high alpine catchment in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, the headwater area of the Heihe River. By evaluating and intercomparing model results by both models, the role of lateral flow processes on the surface energy fluxes dynamics is investigated. The model evaluations suggest that both WRF and coupled WRF‐Hydro reasonably represent the diurnal variations of the near‐surface meteorological fields, surface energy fluxes and hourly partitioning of available energy. By incorporating additional lateral flow processes, the coupled WRF‐Hydro simulates higher surface soil moisture over the mountainous area, resulting in increased latent heat flux and decreased sensible heat flux of around 20–50 W/m2 in their diurnal peak values during summertime, although the net radiation and ground heat fluxes remain almost unchanged. The simulation results show that the diurnal cycle of surface energy fluxes follows the local terrain and vegetation features. This highlights the importance of consideration of lateral flow processes over areas with heterogeneous terrain and land surfaces.
Estimating the within‐subject (CVI) and between‐subject (CVG) biological variation of serum tryptase
Authors: Skarbø Birthe R. , Vinnes Erik W. , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Sylte Marit S. , Apelseth Torunn O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTryptase is used as a biomarker to support the diagnosis of anaphylaxis and hematologic diseases. In the event of a mast cell activation during anaphylaxis, a temporary increase in the concentration of tryptase may be seen. On the basis of clinical studies, an increase of 2 µg/L + 20% from basis level has been proposed as significant. To evaluate the increase in tryptase levels, the within‐subject (CVI) and between‐subject (CVG) biological variations should be known. This study was conducted to estimate the biological variation of tryptase and to identify the reference change value (RCV).MethodsBlood samples were collected from healthy volunteers once a week consecutively over a 10‐week period. Tryptase was measured by the use of a fluoroenzyme immunoassay (ImmunoCAPTM; Thermo Fisher Scientific), and linear mixed‐effects models were used to calculate the biological variation and RCV for both nontransformed and log‐transformed tryptase.ResultsFourteen presumably healthy young adults (six males and eight females, age 23–35 years) were included. The CVI was 5.6% and the CVG was 31.5% (nontransformed data). Log‐transformed data showed similar results. The analytical variation (CVA) was 6.3% and the RCV was 23.5%.ConclusionsYoung healthy adults without ongoing allergic reactions show low within‐subject biological variation. Higher biological variation was observed between subjects.
Agreement between the short and long versions of the Resilience Scale: A validation among the obstetric population according to vulnerability status
Authors: Alves Anic C. , Cecatti Jose G. , Mayrink Jussara , Galvao Rafael B. , Costa Maria L. , Feitosa Francisco E. , Rocha Filho Edilberto A. , Leite Débora F. , Tedesco Ricardo P. , Santana Danielly S. , Fernandes Karayna G. , Miele Maria J. , Souza Joao P. , Souza Renato T. ,   for the MAES‐I Study Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the 14‐item Resilience Scale (RS‐14) and the original 25‐item scale (RS‐25) in the obstetric population, including vulnerable and non‐vulnerable women.MethodsA Brazilian prospective cohort study was conducted of nulliparous singleton pregnant women from March 2018 to March 2020. Women who completed the RS‐25 at 27–29 weeks of pregnancy were included in the analysis. RS‐25 and RS‐14 scores were converted to comparable scales of 0–100. Medians, standard deviations, and centiles between versions were compared for the general, vulnerable, and non‐vulnerable populations. Correlation, concordance, and internal consistency and reliability analyses were performed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn total, 381 women who completed the RS‐25 were included. Medians of RS‐14 and RS‐25 scores were significantly different (73.4 and 70.8, respectively; P < 0.001), regardless of the vulnerability status. The RS‐14 showed a high correlation (Pearson´s correlation coefficient of −0.379 (P‐value < 0.001)), but no agreement (Pitman's test of difference in variance: r = 0.422; P < 0.001) with the RS‐25 version. RS‐14 showed high internal consistency and reliability with only one component (Variance of 59.82%, Cronbach’s Alpha 0.947).ConclusionThe RS‐14 may overestimate the RS‐25 score and different domains may not be assessed by the short version. The psychometric properties of the RS‐14 and the clinical relevance of the variation between versions require further evaluation.
Low‐level EFCAB1 promoted progress by upregulated DNMT3B and could be as a potential biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Xiang , Shi Wenjing , Huang Xiaolou , Hu Lijuan , Wang Junjun , Zhang Fan , Wang Yumin , Huang Kate 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) incidence is on the rise. We found that EFCAB1 (EF‐Hand Calcium Binding Domain 1) was significantly downregulated in LUAD tissues, but the mechanism of EFCAB1 is unknown.MethodsOne hundred and two LUAD samples and corresponding NT samples were prospectively collected from patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, from August 2018 to August 2021.EFCAB1 expression was estimated in LUAD cells and tissues by qPCR. In‐vitro cytology assays were used to detect the role of EFCAB1 in LUAD cells.ResultsEFCAB1 expression level of LUAD was significantly lower than it's adjacent cancer tissues and that of LUAD with big tumor size (>2 cm) was significantly lower than that of small tumor size (≤2 cm) group. It shown that expression levels of EFCAB1 from A549, HCC827, PC9 were lowly expressed. The cell migration, invasion, colony formation, proliferation ability of EFCAB1 OE A549, PC9 were lower than that of EFCAB1 OE A549, PC9 NC group, while the apoptotic cells percentage of the EFCAB1 OE A549, PC9 group were significantly increased. We found that DNMT1 mRNA expression level of PC9 was higher than that of BEAS‐2B, while these of A549, HCC827 decreased. Compared with BEAS‐2B, DNMT3A mRNA expression level of PC9 increased. DNMT3B mRNA expression level of PC9, HCC827 were higher than these of BEAS‐2B.ConclusionThe EFCAB1 mRNA in LUAD patients and cell lines were downregulated; EFCAB1 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, while promoted apoptosis. EFCAB1 was expected to become a biomarker of LUAD.
Association between tooth loss, chronic conditions, and common risk factors: Results from the 2019 Brazilian Health Survey
Authors: de Medeiros Tayse Caroline Cunha , Areas e Souza Alessandra , Prates Rodolfo Coelho , Chapple Iain , Steffens Joao Paulo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between systemic non‐communicable diseases (NCDs; including lung, kidney, mental and cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, cancer and spinal problems), common risk factors, and tooth loss (TL), as an endpoint of prevalent oral NCDs (periodontitis and caries).MethodsA total of 60,271 noninstitutionalized adults (≥30 years) were evaluated, using data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. Negative binomial regressions were performed, adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, educational attainment, oral hygiene, risk factors for periodontitis and caries (diabetes, smoking, and a cariogenic diet). The dependent variable was TL expressed as a numerical value.ResultsDiabetes, current smoking and a frequent cariogenic diet were significantly associated with TL–Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR [95% CI]): 1.11 (1.08 to 1.14), 1.28 (1.25 to 1.31), and 0.97 (0.94 to 0.99), respectively. Significant associations were observed for TL and all assessed NCDs, except kidney diseases, cancer and musculoskeletal diseases related to work, with IRR ranging from 1.06 for hypertension and asthma to 1.16 for rheumatoid arthritis. Regular consumption (4 to 7 d/wk) of vegetables, fruits and beef; alcohol up to 8 doses/wk; and physical exercise were associated with a lower IRR for TL (P < 0.05). Obesity, but not overweight, was associated with increased TL (1.05 [1.03 to 1.07]). Smoking, hypertension, arthritis, other mental diseases and spinal problems further increased the IRR for TL in individuals with diabetes (P < 0.05).ConclusionWe conclude that certain chronic systemic conditions are associated with TL in Brazilian adults. This is likely because of shared risk factors; however, causal associations cannot be examined in this cross‐sectional dataset.
Boundedness of fractional integral operators on Musielak–Orlicz Hardy spaces
Authors: Huy Duong Quoc , Ky Luong Dang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLet and let be Musielak–Orlicz functions such that , are Orlicz functions and , are Muckenhoupt weights. In this paper, we give the necessary and sufficient condition for the boundedness of the fractional integral operator from the Musielak–Orlicz Hardy space into the Musielak–Orlicz Hardy space . We also give the necessary and sufficient condition for the boundedness of from into the Musielak–Orlicz space . Our results generalize the main results in [5, 20, 21].
Non‐Covalent Polymer Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals Using Block Copolymers
Authors: Torres‐Rocha Olga Lidia , Campbell Sophie , Woodcock Nicole , Pinaud Julien , Lacroix‐Desmazes Patrick , Champagne Pascale , Cunningham Michael F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNC) possess desirable mechanical and optical properties that make them a candidate in the development of the next generation of polymer‐based composites. However, CNC also have a critical issue associated with their use: their hydrophilicity and incompatibility with hydrophobic polymers. CNC surface properties must be modified for them to be successfully implemented by the industrial sector. Grafting (co)polymers chains on the CNC surface can provide compatibility to CNC with hydrophobic matrices and expand their potential range of applications. In this communication preliminary results of a simple method to functionalize CNC surface are reported using block copolymers, where a cationic block anchors via complexation to the anionically charged CNC surface and the other block acts as a stabilizing block, providing dispersibility in various solvents. This is a much simpler and less expensive method than current routes based on covalent modification. The block copolymers poly(polyethylene glycol methacrylate)‐b‐poly(N‐butyl‐N′‐vinyl imidazolium bromide) (PPEGMA‐b‐PBuVIm) and poly(styrene)‐b‐PBuVIm (PS‐b‐PBuVIm) are first synthesized via nitroxide‐mediated polymerization and then non‐covalently adsorbed on the CNC surface. The functionalization has been confirmed via FT‐IR and TGA. The dispersion of polymer‐modified CNC materials in organic solvents is evaluated via dynamic light scattering. Modified CNC yielded stable dispersions in organic solvents.
NeuroMix—A single‐scan brain exam
Authors: Sprenger Tim , Kits Annika , Norbeck Ola , van Niekerk Adam , Berglund Johan , Rydén Henric , Avventi Enrico , Skare Stefan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeImplement a fast, motion‐robust pulse sequence that acquires T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, T2*‐weighted, T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, and DWI data in one run with only one prescription and one prescan.MethodsA software framework was developed that configures and runs several sequences in one main sequence. Based on that framework, the NeuroMix sequence was implemented, containing motion robust single‐shot sequences using EPI and fast spin echo (FSE) readouts (without EPI distortions). Optional multi‐shot sequences that provide better contrast, higher resolution, or isotropic resolution could also be run within the NeuroMix sequence. An optimized acquisition order was implemented that minimizes times where no data is acquired.ResultsNeuroMix is customizable and takes between 1:20 and 4 min for a full brain scan. A comparison with the predecessor EPIMix revealed significant improvements for T2‐weighted and T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, while taking only 8 s longer for a similar configuration. The optional contrasts were less motion robust but offered a significant increase in quality, detail, and contrast. Initial clinical scans on 1 pediatric and 1 adult patient showed encouraging image quality.ConclusionThe single‐shot FSE readouts for T2‐weighted and T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery and the optional multishot FSE and 3D‐EPI contrasts significantly increased diagnostic value compared with EPIMix, allowing NeuroMix to be considered as a standalone brain MRI application.
Adsorption in a phase field model for wetting
Authors: Wolf Jana , Diewald Felix , Heier Michaela , Staubach Jens , Langenbach Kai , Hasse Hans , Müller Ralf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSurface wetting can be described by using phase field models [1]. In these models, often either the contact angle or the surface tensions between the solid and the fluid are prescribed directly on the wall in order to represent the solid‐fluid interaction. However, the interaction of the wall and the fluid are not strictly local. The influence of the wall, which can be described by wall potentials [2], reaches out into the fluid, which is the reason for the formation of adsorbate layers. The investigation shows how such a wall potential can be included into a phase field model of wetting. It is found that by considering this energy contribution, the model is able to capture the adsorbate layer.
Molecular dissection of a dedicated formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Wani Saloni Rajesh , Jain Vikas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccumulation of formaldehyde, a highly reactive molecule, in the cell is toxic, and requires detoxification for the organism's survival. Mycothiol‐dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase or S‐nitrosomycothiol reductase (MscR) from Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was previously known for detoxifying formaldehyde and protecting the cell against nitrosative stress. We here show that M. smegmatis MscR exhibits a mycothiol‐independent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) activity in vitro. Presence of zinc in the reaction enhances MscR activity, thus making it a zinc‐dependent FDH. Interestingly, MscR utilizes only formaldehyde and no other primary aldehydes as its substrate in vitro, and M. smegmatis lacking mscR (ΔmscR) shows sensitivity exclusively toward formaldehyde. Bioinformatics analysis of MscRs from various bacteria reveals 10 positionally conserved cysteines, whose importance in structural stability and biological activity is not yet investigated. To explore the significance of these cysteines, we generated MscR single Cys variants by systematically replacing each cysteine with serine. All of the Cys variants except C39S and C309S are unable to show a complete rescue of ΔmscR on formaldehyde, show a significant loss of enzymatic activity in vitro, pronounced structural alterations as probed by circular dichroism, and loss of homotetramerization on size exclusion chromatography. Our data thus reveal the importance of intact cysteines in the structural stability and biological activity of MscR, which is a dedicated FDH in M. smegmatis, and shows ~84% identity with M. tuberculosis MscR. We believe that this knowledge will further help in the development of FDH as a potential drug target against M. tuberculosis infections.
Klein's supplementary runs rules on X¯$\overline{X}$ chart to control the mean of a Weibull random variable
Authors: Ho Linda Lee , Quinino Roberto Costa , Fernandes Fidel Henrique , Bourguignon Marcelo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost of the papers found in the literature concerned monitoring a process mean of a quality characteristic normally distributed. However, in several practical situations (like in reliability studies), the engineering team also desires to monitor a process mean in which the quality characteristic follows other probabilistic distributions, such as the Weibull. In this paper, we monitor a process mean of a random variable following a Weibull distribution using the traditional control chart. To improve the performance, Klein's two of two supplementary run rule is included in the chart. Such adoption promotes better performance, producing faster signals of abnormal situations (in terms of average run length) than the traditional chart in a great variety of shifts. An empirical example illustrates the proposed scheme.
Independent sets in hypergraphs omitting an intersection
Authors: Bohman Tom , Liu Xizhi , Mubayi Dhruv 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA k‐uniform hypergraph with n vertices is an ‐omitting system if it has no two edges with intersection size . If in addition it has no two edges with intersection size greater than , then it is an ‐system. Rödl and Šiňajová proved a sharp lower bound for the independence number of ‐systems. We consider the same question for ‐omitting systems. Our proofs use adaptations of the random greedy independent set algorithm, and pseudorandom graphs. We also prove related results where we forbid more than two edges with a prescribed common intersection size leading to some applications in Ramsey theory. For example, we obtain good bounds for the Ramsey number , where F is the k‐uniform Fan. The behavior is quite different than the case which is the classical Ramsey number .
Experimentation, planning, and structure in early‐stage ventures: Evidence from pitch decks
Authors: Contigiani Andrea , Young‐Hyman Trevor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryAn important strategic choice for early‐stage ventures is about how to learn about the market. This choice often translates into focusing on either experimentation or planning. These strategies are best supported by different structures. Hence, the fit between strategy and structure should be considered by stakeholders evaluating the venture. We hypothesize that communicating coherent combinations—experimentation and informal structure or planning and formal structure—is positively associated with evaluation and that evaluators with entrepreneurial experience are more sensitive to this coherent choice. We test this argument combining data from a university‐based venture competition and an online experiment. We find a robust positive correlation between coherent choice and evaluation. We find no clear evidence that this pattern is driven by evaluators with entrepreneurial experience.Managerial SummaryThe Lean Startup suggests that entrepreneurs should rely on experimentation rather than the more traditional planning approach. However, the value of experimentation might depend on the structure the venture adopts. We ask whether the fit between strategy and structure plays a role in the context of venture evaluation. We analyze data from a university‐based venture competition and an online experiment. We find evidence that ventures communicating coherent choices—experimentation and informal structure or planning and formal structure—tend to be evaluated better than those communicating alternative choices. However, contrary to our expectation, this pattern does not appear to be driven by evaluators with entrepreneurial experience.
Prototype test of the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of segment structure with distributed mortises and tenons
Authors: Liu Xun , Feng Kun , He Chuan , Zhao Lixiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReinforcement measures are often employed to control the dislocation and joint opening between shield tunnel rings with large diameters. A full‐scale test were conducted on staggered assembly of segmental linings with three distributed mortises and tenons. The variations and characteristics of structural deformation, dislocation, and joint opening, were examined, and the failure mechanism and crack development of the structure were analyzed. The results indicate that (1) the structural deformation experiences slow linear and nonlinear increases when the reinforcement of the side ring is elastic and plastic, respectively; (2) the deformation between rings initially manifests as a dislocation, and the friction of the contact surface causes interaction between the rings. After the contact between a mortise and tenon, the deformation between the rings manifests as a rotational opening. The longitudinal bolt bears bending moments, whereas the mortise and tenon bear shear forces; (3) the initial crack of the segmental linings occurs at the edge of the side ring arch. The reinforcement attains plasticity causing the structure to lose stability and fail.