bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of engaging communities in decision-making and action through traditional and religious leaders on vaccination coverage in Cross River State, Nigeria: A cluster-randomised control trial
Authors: Oyo-Ita Angela , Bosch-Capblanch Xavier , Ross Amanda , Oku Afiong , Esu Ekpereonne , Ameh Soter , Oduwole Olabisi , Arikpo Dachi , Meremikwu Martin 
Published: April 2021

Background
Vaccination coverage levels fall short of the Global Vaccine and Action Plan 90% target in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). Having identified traditional and religious leaders (TRLs) as potential public health change agents, this study aimed at assessing the effect of training them to support routine immunisation for the purpose of improving uptake of childhood vaccines in Cross River State, Nigeria.

Methods
A cluster-randomised controlled study was conducted between 2016 and 2019. Of the 18 Local Government Areas (LGA) in Cross River State, eight (four urban and four rural LGAs) were randomized into the intervention and control study arms. A multi-component intervention involving the training of traditional and religious leaders was implemented in the four intervention LGAs. Baseline, midline and endline surveys collected information on children aged 0–23 months. The effect of the intervention on outcomes including the proportion fully up-to-date with vaccination, timely vaccination for pentavalent and measles vaccines, and pentavalent 1–3 dropout rates were estimated using logistic regression models using random effects to account for the clustered data.

Results
A total of 2598 children at baseline, 2570 at midline, and 2550 at endline were included. The intervention was effective in increasing the proportion with at least one vaccine (OR 12.13 95% CI 6.03–24.41p<0.001). However, there was no evidence of an impact on the proportion of children up-to-date with vaccination (p = 0.69). It was effective in improving timeliness of Pentavalent 3 (OR 1.55; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.12; p = 0.005) and Measles (OR 2.81; 96% CI: 1.93–4.1; p<0.001) vaccination. The odds of completing Pentavalent vaccination increased (OR = 1.66 95% CI: 1.08,2.55).

Conclusion
Informal training to enhance the traditional and religious leaders’ knowledge of vaccination and their leadership role can empower them to be good influencers for childhood vaccination. They constitute untapped resources in the community to boost routine immunisation.
Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR) PACTR202008784222254.
Prevalence and predictors of work-related depression, anxiety, and stress among waiters: A cross-sectional study in upscale restaurants
Authors: Saah Farrukh Ishaque , Amu Hubert , Kissah-Korsah Kwaku 
Published: April 2021

Background
Poor mental health often interrupts people’s regular activities making them unable to work effectively resulting in poor performance and high turnover intention. We examined the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and stress among waiters in upscale restaurants.

Methods
This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 384 waiters in upscale restaurants in the Accra Metropolis. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire which embedded DASS-21 (Cronbach Alpha = 0.815). The analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics using STATA 15. Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05 at 95% confidence interval.

Results
The prevalence of depression was 38.3%, while anxiety and stress were 52.3% and 34.4% respectively. Females (AOR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.02–2.79), waiters who foresee a better remuneration (AOR = 3.09, 95%CI = 1.95–4.87), consume caffeine (AOR = 1.44, 95%CI = 0.90–2.32), and use non-prescription drugs (AOR = 2.22, 95%CI = 1.39–3.55) were more likely to have depression. Females (AOR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.17–2.96), those who foresee better remuneration (AOR = 2.85, 95%CI = 1.82–4.49), and those who use non-prescription drugs (AOR = 2.13, 95%CI = 1.38–3.28) were more likely to have anxiety. Females (AOR = 1.74, 95%CI = 1.01–2.99), waiters who are positive of career success (AOR = 1.70, 95%CI = 0.99–2.91), who foresee better remuneration (AOR = 2.99, 95%CI = 1.85–4.83), consume caffeine (AOR = 1.54, 95%CI = 0.93–2.54), and who use non-prescription drugs (AOR = 3.16, 95%CI = 1.93–5.17) were more likely to be stressed.

Conclusion
There is a high prevalence of poor mental health among waiters. Urgent intervention by hospitality stakeholders is needed to improve their working conditions and psychosocial health to accelerate progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal of promoting mental health and wellbeing.
Prevalence and psychosocial impact of atopic dermatitis in Bangladeshi children and families
Authors: Pedersen Courtney J. , Uddin Mohammad J. , Saha Samir K. , Darmstadt Gary L. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSkin conditions are the fourth leading cause of nonfatal disease globally, with atopic dermatitis (AD) a major and rising contributor. Though atopic dermatitis (AD) is rising in prevalence, little is known about its psychosocial effects on children and families in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe conducted a community-based, cross-sectional survey of 2242 under-5 children in rural Bangladesh using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire to measure AD prevalence and severity, the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) to measure severity, and the Infants’ Dermatitis Quality of Life index (IDQoL) and Dermatitis Family Index (DFI) to measure quality of life.FindingsOverall AD prevalence in under-five children was 11.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 10.6–13.3%]. Prevalence was highest in children age 30–35 months [16.2% (95% CI 11.4–21.0)]. IDQoL was significantly higher in males (2.67) vs. females (1.95, p = 0.015), the lowest (3.06) vs. highest (1.63) wealth quintile (p<0.001), and among mothers with < primary (2.41) vs. > secondary (1.43) education (p = 0.039). POEM severity was correlated with IDQoL (r = 0.77, p<0.001) and DFI (r = 0.56, p<0.001). Severe disease as rated by caretakers was correlated with POEM (r = 0.73, p<0.001), IDQoL (r = 0.82, p<0.001) and DFI (r = 0.57, p<0.001).ConclusionsSevere AD significantly affects quality of life for children and families in Bangladesh. As access to healthcare expands in LMICs, identification and treatment of both the medical and psychosocial morbidities associated with the disease are needed.
Systems epidemiology and cancer: A review of the National Institutes of Health extramural grant portfolio 2013–2018
Authors: Shams-White Marissa M. , Barajas Rolando , Jensen Roxanne E. , Rotunno Melissa , Dueck Hannah , Ginexi Elizabeth M. , Rogers Scott D. , Gillanders Elizabeth M. , Mechanic Leah E. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Systems epidemiology approaches may lead to a better understanding of the complex and dynamic multi-level constellation of contributors to cancer risk and outcomes and help target interventions. This grant portfolio analysis aimed to describe the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) investments in systems epidemiology and to identify gaps in the cancer systems epidemiology portfolio.

Methods
The analysis examined grants funded (2013–2018) through seven NIH systems science Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOAs) as well as cancer-specific systems epidemiology grants funded by NCI during that same time. Study characteristics were extracted from the grant abstracts and specific aims and coded.

Results
Of the 137 grants awarded under the NIH FOAs, 52 (38%) included systems epidemiology. Only five (4%) were focused on cancer systems epidemiology. The NCI-wide search (N = 453 grants) identified 35 grants (8%) that included cancer systems epidemiology in their specific aims. Most of these grants examined epidemiology and surveillance-based questions (60%); fewer addressed clinical care or clinical trials (37%). Fifty-four percent looked at multiple scales within the individual (e.g., cell, tissue, organ), 49% looked beyond the individual (e.g., individual, community, population), and few (9%) included both. Across all grants examined, the systems epidemiology grants primarily focused on discovery or prediction, rather than on impacts of intervention or policy.

Conclusions
The most notable finding was that grants focused on cancer versus other diseases reflected a small percentage of the portfolio, highlighting the need to encourage more cancer systems epidemiology research. Opportunities include encouraging more multiscale research and continuing the support for broad examination of domains in these studies. Finally, the nascent discipline of systems epidemiology could benefit from the creation of standard terminology and definitions to guide future progress.
Impact of smoke-free ordinance strength on smoking prevalence and lung cancer incidence
Authors: Nguyen Ryan H. , Vater Laura B. , Timsina Lava R. , Durm Gregory A. , Rupp Katelin , Wright Keylee , Spitznagle Miranda H. , Paul Brandy , Jalal Shadia I. , Carter-Harris Lisa , Hudmon Karen S. , Hanna Nasser H. , Loehrer Patrick J. , Ceppa DuyKhanh P. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Smoke-free ordinances (SFO) have been shown to be effective public health interventions, but there is limited data on the impact SFO on lung cancer outcomes. We explored the effect of county-level SFO strength with smoking prevalence and lung cancer incidence in Indiana.

Methods
We obtained county-level lung cancer incidence from the Indiana State Cancer Registry and county-level characteristics from the Indiana Tobacco Prevention and Cessation Commission’s policy database between 1995 and 2016. Using generalized estimating equations, we performed multivariable analyses of smoking prevalence and age-adjusted lung cancer rates with respect to the strength of smoke-free ordinances at the county level over time.

Results
Of Indiana’s 92 counties, 24 had a SFO by 2011. In 2012, Indiana enacted a state-wide SFO enforcing at least moderate level SFO protection. Mean age-adjusted lung cancer incidence per year was 76.8 per 100,000 population and mean smoking prevalence per year was 25% during the study period. Counties with comprehensive or moderate SFO had a smoking prevalence 1.2% (95% CI [-1.88, -0.52]) lower compared with counties with weak or no SFO. Counties that had comprehensive or moderate SFO also had an 8.4 (95% CI [-11.5, -5.3]) decrease in new lung cancer diagnosis per 100,000 population per year compared with counties that had weak or no SFO.

Conclusion
Counties with stronger smoke-free air ordinances were associated with decreased smoking prevalence and fewer new lung cancer cases per year. Strengthening SFO is paramount to decreasing lung cancer incidence.
CT-based determination of excessive visceral adipose tissue is associated with an impaired survival in critically ill patients
Authors: Wirtz Theresa H. , Loosen Sven H. , Schulze-Hagen Maximilian , Weiskirchen Ralf , Buendgens Lukas , Abu Jhaisha Samira , Brozat Jonathan F. , Puengel Tobias , Vucur Mihael , Paffenholz Pia , Kuhl Christiane , Tacke Frank , Trautwein Christian , Luedde Tom , Roderburg Christoph , Koch Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Objective
Obesity is a negative prognostic factor for various clinical conditions. In this observational cohort study, we evaluated a CT-based assessment of the adipose tissue distribution as a potential non-invasive prognostic parameter in critical illness.

Methods
Routine CT-scans upon admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) were used to analyze the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas at the 3rd lumbar vertebra in 155 patients. Results were correlated with various prognostic markers and both short-term- and overall survival. Multiple statistical tools were used for data analysis.

Results
We observed a significantly larger visceral adipose tissue area in septic patients compared to non-sepsis patients. Interestingly, patients requiring mechanical ventilation had a significantly higher amount of visceral adipose tissue correlating with the duration of mechanical ventilation. Moreover, both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue area significantly correlated with several laboratory markers. While neither the visceral nor the subcutaneous adipose tissue area was predictive for short-term ICU survival, patients with a visceral adipose tissue area above the optimal cut-off (241.4 cm2) had a significantly impaired overall survival compared to patients with a lower visceral adipose tissue area.

Conclusions
Our study supports a prognostic role of the individual adipose tissue distribution in critically ill patients. However, additional investigations need to confirm our suggestion that routine CT-based assessment of adipose tissue distribution can be used to yield further information on the patients’ clinical course. Moreover, future studies should address functional and metabolic analysis of different adipose tissue compartments in critical illness.
EmoTIC: Impact of a game-based social-emotional programme on adolescents
Authors: de la Barrera Usue , Mónaco Estefanía , Postigo-Zegarra Silvia , Gil-Gómez José-Antonio , Montoya-Castilla Inmaculada 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Technologies provide a brilliant opportunity to promote social-emotional competences, well-being and adjustment in adolescence. Game-based programmes and serious games are digital tools that pursue an educational goal in an attractive environment for adolescents. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effectiveness of emoTIC, a game-based social-emotional programme designed according to Mayer, Caruso, and Salovey’s model of emotional intelligence.

Materials and methods
The participants were 119 adolescents between 11 and 15 years, randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The adolescents completed questionnaires to assess their emotional intelligence, self-esteem, affect balance, difficulties, prosocial behaviour, depression, anxiety and stress.

Results
The MANCOVA results showed that adolescents who completed the game-based programme had improved self-esteem, affect balance, emotional symptoms, behavioural problems, and hyperactivity (Wilks’ λ = .77; F = 2.10; p = .035). Hierarchical multiple regression indicated that adolescents in the experimental group had a greater change in self-esteem and affect balance (positive β), while their emotional problems and hyperactivity decreased (negative β). Anxiety moderated the influence of the intervention on self-esteem (b = .04; t = -2.55; p ≤ .05; LLCI = -0.43, ULCI = -0.05). Adolescents with low or medium anxiety improved their self-esteem with the intervention, while those with high anxiety did not develop it.

Conclusions
The use of technology in social-emotional programmes could be the first step in increasing adolescents’ interest in emotions and emoTIC could be considered a useful programme which influences their personal, emotional and social factors.

Trial registration
Clinical Trial identifier: NCT04414449.
Extensive activation, tissue trafficking, turnover and functional impairment of NK cells in COVID-19 patients at disease onset associates with subsequent disease severity
Authors: Bozzano Federica , Dentone Chiara , Perrone Carola , Di Biagio Antonio , Fenoglio Daniela , Parodi Alessia , Mikulska Malgorzata , Bruzzone Bianca , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Vena Antonio , Taramasso Lucia , Nicolini Laura , Patroniti Nicolò , Pelosi Paolo , Gratarola Angelo , De Palma Raffaele , Filaci Gilberto , Bassetti Matteo , De Maria Andrea ,   on behalf of GECOVID study group
Published: April 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes severe respiratory involvement (COVID-19) in 5–20% of patients through initial immune derangement, followed by intense cytokine production and vascular leakage. Evidence of immune involvement point to the participation of T, B, and NK cells in the lack of control of virus replication leading to COVID-19. NK cells contribute to early phases of virus control and to the regulation of adaptive responses. The precise mechanism of NK cell dysregulation is poorly understood, with little information on tissue margination or turnover. We investigated these aspects by multiparameter flow cytometry in a cohort of 28 patients hospitalized with early COVID-19.
Relevant decreases in CD56brightCD16+/- NK subsets were detected, with a shift of circulating NK cells toward more mature CD56dimCD16+KIR+NKG2A+ and “memory” KIR+CD57+CD85j+ cells with increased inhibitory NKG2A and KIR molecules. Impaired cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production were associated with conserved expression of natural cytotoxicity receptors and perforin. Moreover, intense NK cell activation with increased HLA-DR and CD69 expression was associated with the circulation of CD69+CD103+ CXCR6+ tissue-resident NK cells and of CD34+DNAM-1brightCXCR4+ inflammatory precursors to mature functional NK cells. Severe disease trajectories were directly associated with the proportion of CD34+DNAM-1brightCXCR4+ precursors and inversely associated with the proportion of NKG2D+ and of CD103+ NK cells.
Intense NK cell activation and trafficking to and from tissues occurs early in COVID-19, and is associated with subsequent disease progression, providing an insight into the mechanism of clinical deterioration. Strategies to positively manipulate tissue-resident NK cell responses may provide advantages to future therapeutic and vaccine approaches.
La communication des consciences et les relations avec autrui
Authors: Henry Michel 
Published: April 2021

Rédigées entre 1943 et 1953, ces notes inédites révèlent combien Michel Henry fut préoccupé par le problème de « l’expérience d’autrui » dès ses années de formation philosophique. Elles révèlent également l’utilisation précoce d’une jeune Henry des Ecritures comme source d’inspiration pour un certain nombre d’intuitions spécifiquement philosophiques qu’il développera dans sa trilogie de fin de vie sur la philosophie du christianisme.
La fécondité de la phénoménologie de la vie de Michel Henry pour les approches en deuxième personne.
Authors: Depraz Nathalie , Mauriac Frédéric 
Published: April 2021

Les recherches de Natalie Depraz sur l’intersubjectivité rejoignent ici celles de Frédéric Mauriac, particulièrement dans les cas dits « d’urgence psychiatrique ». La question est ainsi de savoir comment poser et penser le rapport fulgurant de la force vitale à ce désir tout humain de vouloir en finir. En ces cas, quelles paroles faut-il oser et quel mode de relation convient-il d’instaurer ? La contribution entend offrir des perspectives théoriques et pratiques, essentiellement thérapeutiques, en mettant d’abord en évidence, d’une part, la situation de la phénoménologie henryenne devant la phénoménologie historique et, d’autre part, sa situation devant une praxis fondée sur la singularité de l’approche en deuxième personne.
Michel Henry lecteur de Claude Tresmontant : création, révélation, écritures.
Authors: Hernandez-Dispaux Joaquim 
Published: April 2021

Joaquim Hernandez-Dispaux propose une étude qui est le fruit d’un long contact avec les notes préparatoires ayant servi à la rédaction de la trilogie sur le christianisme de Michel Henry, où il révèle l’influence latente de Cl. Tresmontant dans la compréhension henryenne du milieu johannique. Ce n’est toutefois pas tant le parangon de la « philosophie chrétienne » qui retient M. Henry, mais ses recherches autour d’un Christ hébreu, essentiellement utilisées pour fonder une sorte d’archéologie christologique permettant de remonter vers la parole la plus originaire. Par cette médiation inattendue, on voit combien M. Henry recherche à la fois la fondation transcendantale de la parole christique dans son authenticité la plus originaire, mais aussi sa radicale différence par rapport aux mondes grec et juif, celui-ci voyant passer le point de rupture par rapport à la question de l’immanence.
Archi-intelligibilité johannique dans la phénoménologie de Michel Henry
Authors: Kühn Rolf 
Published: April 2021

R. Kühn rappelle dans cette étude quelques principes sur les prérequis phénoménologiques de l’analyse spécifique du Prologue de Jean, lu au prisme d’une méditation attentive de Maître Eckhart. Il est évident que M. Henry se situe parmi les grands interprètes de ce texte qui influença les plus hautes spéculations en philosophie de la religion. Dans l’étude de cette profonde affinité entre M. Henry et l’Évangile de Jean, R. Kühn met en évidence l’analyse phénoménologique de la liaison entre l’homme et Dieu, pensée dans le cadre d’une éthique et d’une théorie de la vérité affective. Si M. Henry peut ainsi préciser le geste de l’épochè de toute généalogie mondaine, en posant le premier Fils de Dieu au « commencement », et ceci en un rapport d’irréversibilité, il apparaît qu’il pense ainsi davantage la rupture du geste transcendantal que sa différence ou sa distance, puisque la naissance et la vie sont en deçà du monde et dans « l’intériorité de l’expérience transcendantale ».
Phénoménologie de l’Incarnation
Authors: Henry Michel 
Published: April 2021

Cet article présente un texte inédit de Michel Henry préparatoire à son ouvrage « Incarnation ». Il donne de précieux aperçus sur la manière dont Henry concevait l’articulation – profondément nouvelle dans son œuvre – des problématiques de la chair et de l’incarnation et souligne explicitement les enjeux indissociablement éthiques et sotériologiques.
La réception ambivalente de Fichte dans L’essence de la manifestation
Authors: Hattori Yukihiro 
Published: April 2021

La référence à Fichte traverse de manière discrète mais non moins fondamentale L’essence de la manifestation, où de nombreuses pages sont consacrées à l’Anweisung — texte avec lequel la pensée henryenne partage explicitement le schéma « dualiste », mais également de manière implicite une même définition de l’être. Ce schéma, qui s’exprime dans la dualité de l’être et de l’existence, de l’immédiat et du médiat, de l’absolu et du moi, de l’infini et du fini, ne manque pas de nous conduire à une difficulté de principe, reconnue en tant que telle dans la philosophie postkantienne : comment l’être se rapporte-t-il à l’existence ? Posant la question de l’être pour parvenir au sens de l’être même, Henry s’inscrit, consciemment ou non, dans une telle problématique, en considérant le chemin vers l’être comme une sortie de la finitude. Si tel est le cas et si l’être se définit comme immanence et vie, comment affronte-t-il la question de la relation entre l’immanence et la transcendance ?
« Le tiers me regarde dans les yeux d’autrui »
Authors: Kotegawa Shojiro 
Published: April 2021

Pour envisager notre société, il y a deux positions majeures : le libéralisme qui affirme la liberté de l’individu comme principe politique suprême, et le communautarisme qui privilégie l’intérêt de la communauté sur celui des individus qui la composent. Chaque approche a sa légitimité, mais en même temps sa difficulté : la première, prenant la société pour la limitation ou plutôt l’expansion de la liberté de l’individu, ne peut traiter que négativement notre rapport aux faibles ; la seconde, concevant la communauté comme « donnée », risque de négliger la manière dont l’individu y adhère. Dans sa réflexion sur le « tiers », Levinas a frayé une troisième voie qui nous délivre de cette antinomie. En refusant de prendre la liberté de l’individu ou la communauté pour « données » et d’accorder à l’une ou l’autre la priorité absolue, Levinas aborde la société à partir de la relation avec autrui, laquelle « précède » la communauté ou la loi universelle mais aussi la « conditionne ».