bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of takeover anticipation on rival firms
Authors: Davis Frederick , Davis Svetlana , Sha Xiaoyang , Walker Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper utilizes a large, hand‐collected dataset to observe for the first time the initial wealth impact of an anticipated takeover bid on the target's rival. Distinguishing among predominant theories of acquisition probability, collusion, competitive advantage, hubris and industry growth, we find substantial evidence to support the premise that gains to rivals around the target firm's rumor date are associated with becoming either a target or a bidding firm within 1 year. Additionally, factors at the time of bid anticipation serve as useful predictors when assessing which rivals will receive or initiate a bid for corporate control. Our results demonstrate that takeover rumors represent an early and important mechanism by which information is transferred throughout an industry.
Does product similarity of audit clients influence audit efficiency and pricing decisions?
Authors: Chang Hsihui , Hsu Charles , Ma Zhiming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe examine how client product similarity within an auditor's portfolio affects audit efficiency and pricing decisions. Using a unique set of intra‐portfolio client‐level data, we find that clients with product offerings more similar to those of other clients in the auditor's portfolio are charged lower audit fees and experience a shorter audit reporting lag, suggesting that product similarity contributes to audit efficiency. In a cross‐sectional analysis, we also find that the effect of product similarity on fee reduction is greater when knowledge transfer across clients is more useful in improving audit efficiency. Finally, we find that industry specialists reduce fee premiums for clients whose products are more similar to those of other clients in their portfolios, consistent with the conjecture that client product similarity helps specialists build up their market positions while improving their audit efficiency.
Systematics of European coastal anchovies (genus Engraulis Cuvier)
Authors: Bonhomme François , Meyer Laura , Arbiol Christine , Bănaru Daniela , Bahri‐Sfar Lilia , Fadhlaoui‐Zid Karima , Strelkov Petr , Arculeo Marco , Soulier Laurent , Quignard Jean‐Pierre , Gagnaire Pierre‐Alexandre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReports of morphological differences between European anchovy (Engraulis cf. encrasicolus) from coastal and marine habitats have long existed in the ichthyologic literature and have given rise to a long‐standing debate on their taxonomic status. More recently, molecular studies have confirmed the existence of genetic differentiation between the two anchovy ecotypes. Using ancestry‐informative markers, we show that coastal anchovies throughout the Mediterranean share a common ancestry and that substantial genetic differentiation persists in different pairs of coastal/marine populations despite the presence of limited gene flow. On the basis of genetic and ecological arguments, we propose that coastal anchovies deserve a species status of their own (E. maeoticus) and argue that a unified taxonomical framework is critical for future research and management.
Comparative genetic variability of pink salmon from different parts of their range: native Pacific, artificially introduced White Sea and naturally invasive Atlantic Scottish rivers
Authors: Gilbey John , Soshnina Valeriia A. , Volkov Alexander A. , Zelenina Daria A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrans‐oceanic movement, stocking and subsequent establishment of Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) into the Atlantic White Sea area have resulted in their spreading further across the northern Atlantic, with spawning being reported in a number of regions within this area. Such expansions of non‐native species bring potential risks to the ecosystems in question. It has not yet been established if the spawning events of pink salmon observed are the result of self‐sustaining populations in these areas, or are because of repeated invasions of strayers from the White Sea stocks. In 2017 pink salmon were observed in a number of Scottish rivers in historically large numbers. This study set out to examine genetic variation in these fish and compare this to fish in Pacific founder regions and the White Sea translocated populations. A total of 286 samples from Scotland, the Atlantic White Sea, the Pacific Okhotsk region and Northern Pacific Bering Sea were screened using a 1018 bp sequenced region of the Cytochrome b mtDNA gene and 205 of these samples for 13 microsatellites. Significant bottleneck and founder effects were observed in the White Sea stocks in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, including loss of diversity and changes in haplotype and allele proportions. Scottish fish were indistinguishable from White Sea populations and as such it was not possible to determine if the fish were strayers from this region or returning fish from previous spawning events in Scotland. Therefore, although the fish caught in Scotland have their origins in the White Sea population, it may not be easy to determine whether self‐sustaining populations have, or are becoming, established in the UK using genetic analysis and other techniques may need to be used.
Antisense‐induced downregulation of major circadian genes modulates the expression of histone deacetylase‐2 (HDAC‐2) and CREB‐binding protein (CBP) in the medial shell region of nucleus accumbens of mice exposed to chronic excessive alcohol consumption
Authors: Sharma Rishi , Parikh Meet , Mishra Vaibhav , Soni Anshul , Rubi Sofia , Sahota Pradeep , Thakkar Mahesh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCircadian genes in the medial accumbal shell (mNAcSh) region regulate binge alcohol consumption. Here, we investigated if antisense‐induced knockdown of major circadian genes (Per1, Per2, and NPAS2) in the mNAcSh of mice exposed to intermittent access two‐bottle choice (IA2BC) paradigm modulates the expression of histone deacetylase‐2 (HDAC‐2) and CREB‐binding protein (CBP), key epigenetic modifiers associated with withdrawal‐associated behaviors such as anxiety. Adult male C57BL/6J mice (N = 28), surgically implanted with bilateral guide cannulas above the mNAcSh, were chronically (4 weeks) exposed to alcohol (20% v/v) or saccharin (0.03%) via IA2BC paradigm. In the fourth week, a mixture of antisense (AS‐ODNs; N = 14/group) or nonsense (NS‐ODNs; N = 14/group) oligodeoxynucleotides against circadian genes were bilaterally infused into the mNAcSh. Subsequently, alcohol/saccharin consumption and preference were measured followed by euthanization of animals and verification of microinjection sites by visual inspection and the expression of HDAC‐2 and CBP by using RT‐PCR along with the verification of antisense‐induced downregulation of circadian genes in the mNAcSh. As compared with NS‐ODNs, AS‐ODNs infusion significantly attenuated the alcohol‐induced increase in HDAC‐2 and reduction in CBP expression in the mNAcSh along with a significant reduction in alcohol consumption and preference. No significant effect was observed on either saccharin consumption or preference. Our results suggest that circadian genes in the mNAcSh may have a causal to play in mediating epigenetic changes observed after chronic alcohol consumption.
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A neurodegeneration gene, WDR45, links impaired ferritinophagy to iron accumulation
Authors: Aring Luisa , Choi Eun‐Kyung , Kopera Huira , Lanigan Thomas , Iwase Shigeki , Klionsky Daniel J. , Seo Young Ah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNeurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the abnormal accumulation of brain iron and the progressive degeneration of the nervous system. One of the recently identified subtypes of NBIA is β‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). BPAN is caused by de novo mutations in the WDR45/WIPI4 (WD repeat domain 45) gene. WDR45 is one of the four mammalian homologs of yeast Atg18, a regulator of autophagy. WDR45 deficiency in BPAN patients and animal models may result in defects in autophagic flux. However, how WDR45 deficiency leads to brain iron overload remains unclear. To elucidate the role of WDR45, we generated a WDR45‐knockout (KO) SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line using CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated genome editing. Using these cells, we demonstrated that the non‐TF (transferrin)‐bound iron pathway dominantly mediated the accumulation of iron. Moreover, the loss of WDR45 led to defects in ferritinophagy, a form of autophagy that degrades the iron storage protein ferritin. We showed that impaired ferritinophagy contributes to iron accumulation in WDR45‐KO cells. Iron accumulation was also detected in the mitochondria, which was accompanied by impaired mitochondrial respiration, elevated reactive oxygen species, and increased cell death. Thus, our study links WDR45 to specific iron acquisition pathways and ferritinophagy.
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15388
Pain and distress in people with severe or profound ID in Victoria, Australia: Utility of behavioural assessment tools
Authors: Weir Stephanie , Koritsas Stella 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPain is often unrecognised and untreated in people with ID. In the absence of self‐report, the use of structured behavioural pain assessment tools is best practice for identifying pain in this group. The aim of this research was to explore the utility of the Abbey Pain Scale and The Distress and Discomfort Assessment Tool (DisDAT) for use by residential support workers and family members of adults with severe or profound ID who live in group home settings. Participants were 17 residential support workers and six family members and provided information about 23 adults with severe or profound ID. Participants completed one of the two tools every 2 weeks for 3 months and indicated whether they thought the individual was content, distressed or experiencing pain. In total, 131 completed tools were returned (80 Abbey Pain Scales and 51 DisDATs). The results indicated that higher total pain scores on the Abbey Pain Scale appear to correspond to a report of pain or distress. A range of behaviours from the Abbey Pain Scale were reported to be present when the individuals with ID were reported to be in pain, such as vocalisations and facial expressions, but these and other behaviours were also observed when the individual was reported to be distressed. Similarly, using the DisDAT, there were behaviours that were present when individuals were reported to be experiencing pain which, for the most part, were also reported when individuals were reported to be distressed. Although neither of the tools appeared to distinguish between pain and distress, it is evident that both tools have utility in the assessment of distress. This is a promising finding as it may be that the tools can be used to signal that an individual with severe or profound ID is distressed and that pain is a factor to be considered.
Macro and trace elements signature of periodontitis in saliva: A systematic review with quality assessment of ionomics studies
Authors: Baima Giacomo , Iaderosa Giovanni , Corana Matteo , Romano Federica , Citterio Filippo , Giacomino Agnese , Berta Giovanni N. , Aimetti Mario 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe present systematic review examined the available evidence on distinctive salivary ion profile in periodontitis compared to periodontal health and provided a qualitative assessment of the literature.BackgroundMacro and trace elements are essential for cellular physiology, and their changes in biological fluids can be revelatory of an underlying pathological status.MethodsData from relevant studies identified from PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were retrieved to answer the following PECO question: “In systemically healthy individuals, are there any differences in any salivary macro or trace element concentration between periodontally healthy subjects (H) and patients with periodontitis (P)?” Quality of included studies was rated using a modified version of the QUADOMICS tool. A consistency analysis was performed to identify significantly discriminant chemical elements.ResultsAfter the screening of 873 titles, 13 studies were included reporting data on 22 different elements. Among them, levels of sodium and potassium were consistently and significantly higher in P compared to H. Conflicting results were found for all the other elements, despite concentration of calcium, copper, and manganese mostly increased in saliva of P. Levels of magnesium were found higher in P than in H in 2 studies but lower in 3. Zinc resulted significantly increased in saliva from H compared to P individuals in 2 studies, but one study reported opposite results. Four studies were considered as high quality, while reporting of operative protocols and statistical analysis was a major limitation for the others. Due to high methodologic heterogeneity, meta‐analysis was not performed.ConclusionsLevels of macro or trace elements were differentially identified in saliva across diverse periodontal conditions, having a major potential for investigation of oral homeostasis and for high‐resolution periodontal diagnosis. Products of inflammatory physiologic cellular impairment, such as sodium and potassium, were the most consistently associated with periodontitis (PROSPERO CRD42021235744).
Prevalence and factors associated with excessive and severe daytime sleepiness among healthcare university students in the Brazilian Midwest
Authors: Dutra da Silva Renato Canevari , Garcez Anderson , Pattussi Marcos Pascoal , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe present study aimed to determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with excessive and severe daytime sleepiness in healthcare university students. A cross‐sectional university‐based study was conducted with 1,779 students from a university located in the Brazilian Midwest State of Goiás, Brazil, in 2018. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and classified as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS; cut‐off ESS score ≥10) and severe EDS (S‐EDS; cut‐off ESS score ≥16). Associated factors included sociodemographic, behavioural, academic, nutritional status, and sleep‐related and perceived health characteristics. Poisson regression was used for the data analysis. The mean (SD) age of the sample was 22.5 (3.84) years. The prevalence of EDS was 54.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51.9–56.1) and S‐EDS was 10.0% (95% CI 9.2–11.7). After adjustment, a higher probability of occurrence of EDS was found among women (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.37, 95% CI 1.24–1.53), younger students (PR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.42), those who were studying medicine (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.28), with poor sleep quality (PR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17–1.43), and among those who reported constant loss of sleep due to internet use (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27). After adjustment, the highest probability of occurrence of S‐EDS was found among women (PR 1.72, 95% CI 1.22–2.43), among those with poor sleep quality (PR 2.17, 95% CI 1.54–3.08), and medical students (PR 1.39, 95% CI 1.01–1.90). In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of daytime sleepiness among healthcare university students, especially among medical students and women.
Host species identity shapes the diversity and structure of insect microbiota
Authors: Malacrinò Antonino 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs for most of the life that inhabits our planet, microorganisms play an essential role in insect nutrition, reproduction, defence, and support their host in many other functions. More recently, we assisted to an exponential growth of studies describing the taxonomical composition of bacterial communities across insects' phylogeny. However, there is still an outstanding question that needs to be answered: Which factors contribute most to shape insects' microbiomes? This study tries to find an answer to this question by taking advantage of publicly available sequencing data and reanalysing over 4000 samples of insect‐associated bacterial communities under a common framework. Results suggest that insect taxonomy has a wider impact on the structure and diversity of their associated microbial communities than the other factors considered (diet, sex, life stage, sample origin and treatment). However, when specifically testing for signatures of codiversification of insect species and their microbiota, analyses found weak support for this, suggesting that while insect species strongly drive the structure and diversity of insect microbiota, the diversification of those microbial communities did not follow their host's phylogeny. Furthermore, a parallel survey of the literature highlights several methodological limitations that need to be considered in the future research endeavours.
A genomic and morphometric analysis of alpine bumblebees: Ongoing reductions in tongue length but no clear genetic component
Authors: Christmas Matthew J. , Jones Julia C. , Olsson Anna , Wallerman Ola , Bunikis Ignas , Kierczak Marcin , Whitley Kaitlyn M. , Sullivan Isabel , Geib Jennifer C. , Miller‐Struttmann Nicole E. , Webster Matthew T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver the last six decades, populations of the bumblebees Bombus sylvicola and Bombus balteatus in Colorado have experienced decreases in tongue length, a trait important for plant‐pollinator mutualisms. It has been hypothesized that this observation reflects selection resulting from shifts in floral composition under climate change. Here we used morphometrics and population genomics to determine whether morphological change is ongoing, investigate the genetic basis of morphological variation, and analyse population structure in these populations. We generated a genome assembly of B. balteatus. We then analysed whole‐genome sequencing data and morphometric measurements of 580 samples of both species from seven high‐altitude localities. Out of 281 samples originally identified as B. sylvicola, 67 formed a separate genetic cluster comprising a newly‐discovered cryptic species (“incognitus”). However, an absence of genetic structure within species suggests that gene flow is common between mountains. We found a significant decrease in tongue length between bees collected between 2012–2014 and in 2017, indicating that morphological shifts are ongoing. We did not discover any genetic associations with tongue length, but a SNP related to production of a proteolytic digestive enzyme was implicated in body size variation. We identified evidence of covariance between kinship and both tongue length and body size, which is suggestive of a genetic component of these traits, although it is possible that shared environmental effects between colonies are responsible. Our results provide evidence for ongoing modification of a morphological trait important for pollination and indicate that this trait probably has a complex genetic and environmental basis.
Nitrate‐inducible MdBT2 acts as a restriction factor to limit apple necrotic mosaic virus genome replication in Malus domestica
Authors: Zhang Zhenlu , Xie Yin‐Huan , Sun Ping , Zhang Fu‐Jun , Zheng Peng‐Fei , Wang Xiao‐Fei , You Chun‐Xiang , Hao Yu‐Jin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractApple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV) is highly associated with the occurrence of apple mosaic disease in China. However, ApNMV–host interactions and defence mechanisms of host plants against this virus are poorly studied. Here, we report that nitrate treatment restrains ApNMV genomic RNA accumulation by destabilizing viral replication protein 1a through the MdBT2‐mediated ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. MdBT2, a nitrate‐responsive BTB/TAZ domain‐containing protein, was identified in a yeast two‐hybrid screen of an apple cDNA library using viral protein 1a as bait, and 1a was further confirmed to interact with MdBT2 both in vivo and in vitro. It was further verified that MdBT2 promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of viral protein 1a through the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway in an MdCUL3A‐independent manner. Viral genomic RNA accumulation was reduced in MdBT2‐overexpressing transgenic apple leaves but enhanced in MdBT2‐antisense leaves compared to the wild type. Moreover, MdBT2 was found to interfere with the interaction between viral replication proteins 1a and 2apol by competitively interacting with 1a. Taken together, our results demonstrate that nitrate‐inducible MdBT2 functions as a limiting factor in ApNMV viral RNA accumulation by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of viral protein 1a and interfering with interactions between viral replication proteins.
Parallel Binary or Tripartite? Formal Hybridisation of Sonata Types in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: SMITH PETER H. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTHepokoski and Darcy's sonata theory subdivides the sonata universe into five basic types. These include not only the familiar sonata without development (type 1), ‘textbook’ sonata (type 3), sonata‐rondo hybrid (type 4) and concerto form (type 5), but also the somewhat less familiar parallel‐binary designs of expanded type 1 and type 2. Many movements follow conventions of only one of these types, but there are also instances that fall in a grey area between the black and white categories.A combination of dialogic sonata theory, Caplinian form‐functional analysis and Schenkerian insights supports the heuristic value of the expanded type 1 and type 2 conceptualisations, in contrast to alternatives such as the reversed recapitulation. Examples from Beethoven (Op. 57), Schubert (D. 810), Schumann (Op. 41, no. 3), Brahms (Opp. 25, 90, 111) and Dvořák (Opp. 81, 87) highlight a distinction between blurred recapitulatory boundaries in avowedly type 3 sonatas and continuity across development and crux in parallel‐binary contexts. The distinction allows for recognition of hybrid forms that are primarily parallel binary but that adopt gestures of recapitulatory overlap observable in type 3 examples. These movements form a continuum, beginning with those housing strong elements of recapitulatory double return and continuing with others in which this type 3 characteristic fades in favour of a more forthright – although possibly still hybrid – expanded type 1 design. Salient passages in the second rotation of these parallel‐binary forms respond to the formal shape and motivic content of the exposition.
AKT1E17K‐mutated meningioma cell lines respond to treatment with the AKT inhibitor AZD5363
Authors: John Peter , Waldt Natalie , Liebich Josephine , Kesseler Christoph , Schnabel Stefan , Angenstein Frank , Sandalcioglu I. Erol , Scherlach Cordula , Sahm Felix , Kirches Elmar , Mawrin Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsMeningiomas are the most frequent primary brain tumours. Recently, knowledge about the molecular drivers underlying aggressive meningiomas has been expanded. A hotspot mutation in the AKT1 gene (AKT1E17K), which is found in meningiomas at the convexity and especially at the skull base, has been associated with earlier tumour recurrence.MethodsHere, we analysed the effects of the AKT1E17K mutation and treatment response to the Akt inhibitor AZD5363 in transgenic meningioma cell clones and mouse xenografts modelling convexity or skull base meningiomas.ResultsWe show that the AKTE17K mutation significantly enhances meningioma cell proliferation and colony size in vitro, resulting in significantly shortened survival times of mice carrying convexity or skull base AKT1E17K xenografts. Treatment of mutant cells or xenografts (150 mg/kg/d) with AZD5363 revealed a significant decrease in cell proliferation and colony size and a prolongation of mouse survival. Western blots revealed activation of AKT1 kinase (phosphorylation at Ser273 and Thr308) by the E17K mutation in human meningioma samples and in our in vitro and in vivo models.ConclusionsOur data suggest that AKT1E17K mutated meningiomas are a promising selective target for AZD5363.