bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging in musical activities and the risk of dementia in older adults: A longitudinal study from the Japan gerontological evaluation study
Authors: Arafa Ahmed , Eshak Ehab S , Shirai Kokoro , Iso Hiroyasu , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: April 2021

AimLeisure cognitive activities are suggested to reduce the risk of dementia. Herein, we aimed to investigate the prospective association between engaging in different musical activities and the risk of dementia among Japanese older adults.MethodsLongitudinal data of 52 601 participants aged ≥65 years from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study were analyzed. Musical activities in the form of playing a musical instrument, practicing karaoke and choir or folk singing were assessed using a questionnaire, while dementia was diagnosed using the standardized dementia scale of the long‐term care insurance system. The Cox regression was used to obtain the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident dementia according to engagement in musical activities.ResultsCompared with engaging in no musical activities at all, the hazard ratios engaging in one and more than one musical activity, after 5.8 years of a median follow‐up period, were 0.94 (95% CI 0.82–1.07) and 0.59 (95% CI 0.32–1.10) in men versus 0.79 (95% CI 0.69–0.90) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.63–1.26) in women, respectively. Playing a musical instrument and practicing karaoke, compared with no musical activities at all, were associated with a faintly decreased risk of dementia in men and a significantly decreased risk of dementia in women; hazard ratios 0.70 (95% CI 0.45–1.02) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.79, 1.04) in men versus 0.75 (95% CI 0.58–0.98) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.89) in women, respectively.ConclusionEngaging in musical activities, especially playing a musical instrument and practicing karaoke, was associated with a reduced risk of dementia among Japanese older women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 451–457.
Basal cell carcinoma and dermal nevi of the face: comparison of localization and dermatoscopic features
Authors: Conforti Claudio , Giuffrida Roberta , Agozzino Marina , Cannavó Patrizia Serafinella , Dianzani Caterina , di Meo Nicola , Nardello Carlotta , Neagu Nicoleta , Guarneri Fabrizio , Zalaudek Iris 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) and dermal nevi located on the face can easily be confused on clinical examination. Little is known about the different preferential localizations of these entities, and a systematic analysis of dermatoscopic features for differential diagnosis is lacking.MethodsClinical and dermatoscopic images of BCCs and dermal nevi were retrospectively evaluated to study their relation to various face anatomical areas, BCC histotype, classic and nonclassic dermatoscopic BCC criteria, as well as typical dermatoscopic criteria for dermal nevi.ResultsWe examined 118 BCCs and 77 dermal nevi, all having histopathological confirmation. BCCs were most frequently located on the lateral side of the forehead (12.7%), nasal dorsum (10.2%) and nasal ala (9.3%), while dermal nevi were found predominantly on the buccal area (11.8%), scalp (11.8%), and perioral region (10.8%). The prevalent dermatoscopic criteria for BCC were the classic arborizing vessels (94.1%) and arborizing microvessels (89%). The most common BCC histotype on the face was sclerodermiform (47.5%), followed by nodular (28%) and superficial (24.6%).ConclusionsThis study shows that BCCs are preferentially located on the lateral side of the forehead, nasal dorsum and nasal ala, while dermal nevi of the face are preponderantly located on the buccal area, scalp, and perioral region. The dermatoscopic features confirmed the frequency of classic and nonclassic criteria for BCCs already demonstrated in other studies. No significant site‐specific features were observed for either BCCs or dermal nevi.
Influence of social interactions, professional supports and fear of death on adults' preferences for life‐sustaining treatments and palliative care
Authors: Huang Ya‐Ling , Yates Patsy , Thorberg Fred Arne , Wu Chiung‐Jung (Jo) 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the significance of culture, professional support in the community, social interactions and intrapersonal determinants of adults' preferences for life‐sustaining treatments and palliative care.MethodsA cross‐sectional design with a Social Ecological Model was used. Between 1 October 2012 and 31 December 2012, 474 adults aged ≥20 years living in a city of Southern Taiwan completed the survey. Data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression.ResultsThe life‐sustaining measures model was significant with 15.3% (p < 0.0001) of the variance in the Modified Emmanuel Medical Directives being explained by variables of death of self and healthcare services' support. The palliative care model was significant with 18% (p < 0.0001) of the variance in the Modified Hospice Attitude Scale being explained by variables of palliative care knowledge, death of self and social interactions. However, cultural value adherence did not predict adults' preferences for life‐sustaining measures and community resources support did not predict palliative care preference.ConclusionsFindings enhance our understanding of the significance of different societal levels on adults' preferences for end‐of‐life care. Palliative care knowledge, fear of death, healthcare services' support and social interactions are essential factors that need to be taken into consideration when it comes to discussion about life‐sustaining treatments and palliative care.
Decentralized resource allocation for interdependent infrastructures resilience: a cooperative game approach
Authors: Mohebbi Shima , Barnett Katherine , Aslani Babak 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInterdependent critical infrastructures are governed by several sectors working together to maintain social, economic, and environmental well‐being. Although many models focus on a centralized view for networks for the restoration planning of these networks, rarely is there only one decision maker for the infrastructure networks. In the decentralized decision‐making paradigm, individual decision makers need to decide how to prioritize areas of the network and eventually improve the aggregated infrastructure systems resilience. There is a dearth of quantitative studies analyzing resource allocation decisions considering both decentralized and cooperative aspects. This paper aims to propose a coalitional game theory approach to address decentralized resource allocation for interdependent water distribution and road networks. In particular, combining coalitional game theory with weighted graphs creates an order of repair for each node in the coalitions. Subsequently, the decision makers can pass the information on to the master problem, reducing the complexity of the resource allocation problem for the interdependent networks. The proposed approach is applied to water distribution and transportation networks in the City of Tampa, Florida. We compare the decentralized solutions to centralized solutions in different scenarios to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach for the city‐scale networks. The results indicated the superiority of the proposed framework in terms of computational time and solution quality.
Modeling and simulation of broiler carcass precooling by computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Cotrim Weskley da Silva , Coimbra Jamille Coelho , Cotrim Keyla Cristina Francisco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere are few studies with mathematical models representative of the effect of agitation on the poultry carcass cooling. Thus, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique was applied in the modeling and simulation of this process. Two process conditions were studied: (a) without agitation (NA) by recirculation (0 m3 hr−1) and (b) with agitation (WA) by recirculation (8 m3 hr−1). The simulation was performed in the software ANSYS 18.2 in a steady‐state step, for the fluid flow, followed by a transient step (60 min), for the heat transfer. In NA condition R2 is equal to 0.9959 and NRMSE (%) of 6.32%. WA condition obtained R2 equal to 0.9923 and NRMSE (%) of 6.39%. The final temperatures were 7.11 and 5.31°C, for recirculation flows of 0 and 8 m3 hr−1, respectively. Increases in the volumetric flow of recirculation have a positive effect on reducing the time required for reaching the final temperature of the carcass.Practical ApplicationsWe demonstrate that the CFD model was able to adequately predict the temperature drop profile inside the carcass, overcoming the capacity of traditional empirical models. The CFD model was sensitive to the effects of the cooling water turbulence. It was possible to numerically demonstrate that the turbulence generated by the agitation of the cooling water by recirculation causes a positive effect on the cooling rate of the carcasses. The results point to the possibility of using CFD modeling to optimize the equipment and the precooling process of poultry carcasses. Such optimization can represent a reduction in energy consumption for cold water production or even a reduction in precooling time, which contributes to the environmental sustainability and microbiological safety of poultry meat.
The effects of infant behavioural sleep interventions on maternal sleep and mood, and infant sleep: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rouzafzoon Mozhgan , Farnam Farnaz , Khakbazan Zohre 
Published: April 2021

SummaryInfant sleep problems are one of the first challenges for parents, negatively influencing infants and mothers. The present study examined the effects of preventive behavioural sleep intervention (BSI) on infant sleep patterns, maternal sleep quality, and depression. A clinical randomised multicentre controlled trial was conducted involving 82 mothers and their infants aged 2–4 months in Iran from August 2018 to April 2019. The intervention group received BSI, which included one individual 90‐min class session, booklet, voice messages, and follow‐up calls; while the control group received training on general infant safety. Details of infant sleep, maternal sleep quality, and postnatal depression were measured through the sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, respectively, before and at 8 weeks after the training. In the intervention group, both the mean infant “night‐time sleep period” and infant “longest self‐regulated sleep period” were 81 min longer than the controls (p < .001). With an improvement of 160 min, the mean infant bedtime was decreased to 22:20 hours in the intervention group, substantially earlier than the controls (00:30 hours). The mean infant “night‐time awakenings with signals” did not significantly change (2.6‐ and 2.5‐times in the intervention and control groups, respectively). The intervention led to a significant improvement in maternal sleep quality and depression (p < .05). The present study acknowledges the positive effects of an early preventive infant BSI on infant sleep, maternal mood, and maternal sleep. Our present results also imply the importance of considering sleep patterns differences and cultural‐based intervention’s design.
The paradox of thrift in a two‐sector Kaleckian growth model
Authors: Fanti Lucrezia , Zamparelli Luca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe analyze the paradox of thrift in a two‐sector Kaleckian growth model. We consider an economy with one consumption and one investment good, differential sectoral mark‐ups and profit rates equalization. We show that when the investment function depends on aggregate capacity utilization and on the aggregate profit share (the Bhaduri–Marglin investment function) the paradox of thrift in its growth version may fail if mark‐ups are higher in the investment good sector. In this case, an increase in the saving rate produces a reallocation of economic activity toward the investment good sector; the aggregate profit share rises and its positive effect on investment may offset the reduction in average capacity utilization if investment is relatively more sensitive to profitability than to the level of activity.
A scoping review of approaches for measuring ‘interdependent’ collaborative performances
Authors: Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S. , Shaw Jennifer M. , Asghar Farah , Panza Michael , Syer Mark D. , Lingard Lorelei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionIndividual assessment disregards the team aspect of clinical work. Team assessment collapses the individual into the group. Neither is sufficient for medical education, where measures need to attend to the individual while also accounting for interactions with others. Valid and reliable measures of interdependence are critical within medical education given the collaborative manner in which patient care is provided. Medical education currently lacks a consistent approach to measuring the performance between individuals working together as part of larger healthcare team. This review's objective was to identify existing approaches to measuring this interdependence.MethodsFollowing Arksey & O’Malley's methodology, we conducted a scoping review in 2018 and updated it to 2020. A search strategy involving five databases located >12 000 citations. At least two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, screened full texts (n = 161) and performed data extraction on twenty‐seven included articles. Interviews were also conducted with key informants to check if any literature was missing and assess that our interpretations made sense.ResultsEighteen of the twenty‐seven articles were empirical; nine conceptual with an empirical illustration. Eighteen were quantitative; nine used mixed methods. The articles spanned five disciplines and various application contexts, from online learning to sports performance. Only two of the included articles were from the field of Medical Education. The articles conceptualised interdependence of a group, using theoretical constructs such as collaboration synergy; of a network, using constructs such as degree centrality; and of a dyad, using constructs such as synchrony. Both descriptive (eg social network analysis) and inferential (eg multi‐level modelling) approaches were described.ConclusionEfforts to measure interdependence are scarce and scattered across disciplines. Multiple theoretical concepts and inconsistent terminology may be limiting programmatic work. This review motivates the need for further study of measurement techniques, particularly those combining multiple approaches, to capture interdependence in medical education.
Temporal Disruptions in Debussy's and Ravel's Programmatic Sonatas
Authors: Aziz Andrew 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThis article develops analytical tools which illustrate temporal disruptions in the programmatic works for Debussy and Ravel and reshape traditional modes of sonata analysis. In Debussy, a new analytical paradigm, one that invokes his affinity for filmic techniques, is the aborted rondo‐sonata, which employs a post‐expositional breakthrough following an expositional disruption: a rondo form retrospectively morphs into a sonata following the breakthrough. For Ravel, the key analytical tool is what I callresetting of the formal compass(RFC): virtuosic passages, analogous to a formal Etch‐A‐Sketch as a reaction to the music having become ‘lost’ or ‘confused’, that restore formal consciousness. Previous scholarship on Ravel suggests the presence of arch form; the current theory permits an interpretation consistent with a linear, forward‐vectored thematic trajectory. Each of these concepts is based on sonata form's rotational structure, in which temporal fissures disrupt the order of thematic modules either by binding two non‐continuous thematic events or by neutralising formal function to resume thematic progress. When the analyses in are considered in tandem, they can help to build a unifying theory of fin‐de‐siècle French sonata forms.
Association of fear of falling with frailty in community‐dwelling older adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Qin Yuan , Li Junxin , McPhillips Miranda , Lukkahatai Nada , Yu Fang , Li Kun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to describe frailty and fear of falling and examine the cross‐sectional association between frailty and fear of falling in community‐dwelling older adults in China. We recruited 165 older adults from five selected communities in the five districts of Changchun, Jilin Province. Participants were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Short Falls Efficacy Scale‐International, and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. We found that 60% of our participants were frail and that 81% reported a fear of falling. Using binary logistic regression, we found that the participants with fear of falling were 7.2 times more likely to be frail. These findings suggest that fear of falling should be regularly screened in clinical practice to help identify older adults with greater risks of frailty. Future longitudinal studies of larger sample size are needed to confirm the association. Moreover, frailty prevention programs that include strategies to reduce the fear of falling should be tested among community‐dwelling older adults.
Episode‐level reflux characteristics: How experienced reviewers differentiate true reflux from artifact on pH‐impedance studies
Authors: Rogers Barrett , Rogers Benjamin , Frazzoni Marzio , Savarino Edoardo , Roman Sabine , Sifrim Daniel , Gyawali C. Prakash 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccurate reflux episode identification is crucial for pH‐impedance interpretation. Individual reflux episode characteristics associated with inter‐reviewer concordance are incompletely understood.MethodsAmbulatory pH‐impedance studies from 19 GERD patients (median age 52 years, 78.9% F) were analyzed by 5 reviewers. Metadata from pH‐impedance studies were exported to a dedicated software tool designed to compare episode‐by‐episode identification between reviewers within a ±7.5 s window. Patient position, acidic vs. nonacidic episodes, acid clearance time (ACT), bolus clearance time (BCT), and proximal extent of reflux episodes were compared between episodes identified by all reviewers against those identified by automated analysis, and one to four reviewers, respectively.ResultsAutomated analysis identified 1644 episodes (median 78 episodes per patient, IQR 64‐108), of which 84.9% were identified by ≥3 reviewers and 57.1% by all reviewers; 339 unique episodes were added by at least 1 reviewer. Characteristics defining 5 reviewer concordance included acid reflux episodes (88.9%), upright episodes (88.4%), high proximal extent (median 17 cm, IQR 15‐17 cm), and longer acid clearance times (67.0 s, IQR 29.0‐146.0 s) (P < 0.001 compared to 1‐4 reviewer concordance for each). In contrast, 1 reviewer‐identified episodes were 69.8% acidic, 76.9% upright, and limited to the distal esophagus. Using 5‐reviewer concordance, designation of GERD evidence changed from automated analysis in 16%‐19% of patients.ConclusionsAcidic episodes with high proximal extent in the upright position and longer acid clearance times on pH‐impedance studies have the highest concordance for identification by expert reviewers. Reflux episode identification may be influenced by reviewer opinion despite availability of established criteria.
Plant chemistry and food web health
Authors: Schlaeppi Klaus , Gross Josef J. , Hapfelmeier Siegfried , Erb Matthias 
Published: April 2021

SummaryPlants are systemically relevant to our planet not only by constituting a major part of its biomass, but also because they produce a vast diversity of bioactive phytochemicals. These compounds often modulate interactions between plants and the environment, and can have substantial effects on plant consumers and their health. By taking a food web perspective, we highlight the role of bioactive phytochemicals in linking soils, plants, animals and humans and discuss their contributions to systems health. The analysis of connections among food web components revealed an underexplored potential of phytochemicals to optimize food web health and productivity.
Moniliophthoraperniciosa, the causal agent of witches’ broom disease of cacao, interferes with cytokinin metabolism during infection of Micro‐Tom tomato and promotes symptom development
Authors: Costa Juliana L. , Paschoal Daniele , da Silva Eder M. , Silva Jamille S. , do Carmo Rafael M. , Carrera Esther , López‐Díaz Isabel , Rossi Mônica L. , Freschi Luciano , Mieczkowski Piotr , Peres Lazaro E. P. , Teixeira Paulo J. P. L. , Figueira Antonio 
Published: April 2021

SummaryMoniliophthoraperniciosacauses witches’ broom disease of cacao and inflicts symptoms suggestive of hormonal imbalance. We investigated whether infection of the tomato (Solanumlycopersicum) model system Micro‐Tom (MT) by the Solanaceae (S)‐biotype ofMoniliophthoraperniciosa, which causes stem swelling and hypertrophic growth of axillary shoots, results from changes in host cytokinin metabolism.Inoculation of an MT‐transgenic line that overexpresses the ArabidopsisCYTOKININOXIDASE‐2 gene (35S::AtCKX2) resulted in a reduction in disease incidence and stem diameter. RNA‐sequencing analysis of infected MT and35S::AtCKX2revealed the activation of cytokinin‐responsive marker genes when symptoms were conspicuous.The expression of anMoniliophthoraperniciosatRNA‐ISOPENTENYL‐TRANSFERASEsuggests the production of isopentenyladenine (iP), detected in mycelia growninvitro. Inoculated MT stems showed higher levels of dihydrozeatin andtrans‐zeatin but not iP. The application of benzyladenine induced symptoms similar to infection, whereas applying the cytokinin receptor inhibitors LGR‐991 and PI55 decreased symptoms.Moniliophthoraperniciosaproduces iP that might contribute to cytokinin synthesis by the host, which results in vascular and cortex enlargement, axillary shoot outgrowth, reduction in root biomass and an increase in fruit locule number. This strategy may be associated with the manipulation of sink establishment to favour infection by the fungus.
An action‐oriented framework for systems‐based solutions aimed at childhood obesity prevention in US Latinx and Latin American populations
Authors: Garcia Leandro M. T. , Hunter Ruth F. , de la Haye Kayla , Economos Christina D. , King Abby C. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryChildhood obesity in US Latinx and Latin American populations is a persistent, complex public health issue and, as such, requires solutions grounded on systems science theory and methods. In this paper, we introduce an action‐oriented framework to design, implement, evaluate, and sustain whole‐of‐community systems changes for childhood obesity prevention in US Latinx and Latin American populations. Our framework covers six action steps: (1) foster multisectoral team; (2) map the system, its context, and drivers; (3) envision system‐wide changes; (4) effect system‐wide changes; (5) monitor, learn, and adapt; and (6) scale and sustain. We also propose 10 principles that put human and environmental rights and systems thinking at the center of these systems‐based solutions. For each action step, we provide a list of concrete activities, methods, approaches, and examples that can be used to guide and inform the work needed to achieve the expected outputs. Finally, we discuss how a wider adoption of systems science for childhood obesity prevention among US Latinx and Latin American populations can be encouraged and sustained.