bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health seeking behavior after the 2013–16 Ebola epidemic: Lassa fever as a metric of persistent changes in Kenema District, Sierra Leone
Authors: Koch Mikaela R. , Kanneh Lansana , Wise Paul H. , Kurina Lianne M. , Alhasan Foday , Garry Robert F. , Schieffelin John S. , Shaffer Jeffrey G. , Grant Donald S. 
Published: July 2021

Background
The West African Ebola epidemic of 2013–2016 killed nearly 4,000 Sierra Leoneans and devastated health infrastructure across West Africa. Changes in health seeking behavior (HSB) during the outbreak resulted in dramatic underreporting and substantial declines in hospital presentations to public health facilities, resulting in an estimated tens of thousands of additional maternal, infant, and adult deaths per year. Sierra Leone’s Kenema District, a major Ebola hotspot, is also endemic for Lassa fever (LF), another often-fatal hemorrhagic disease. Here we assess the impact of the West African Ebola epidemic on health seeking behaviors with respect to presentations to the Kenema Government Hospital (KGH) Lassa Ward, which serves as the primary health care referral center for suspected Lassa fever cases in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone.

Methodology/Principal findings
Presentation frequencies for suspected Lassa fever presenting to KGH or one of its referral centers from 2011–2019 were analyzed to consider the potential impact of the West African Ebola epidemic on presentation patterns. There was a significant decline in suspected LF cases presenting to KGH following the epidemic, and a lower percentage of subjects were admitted to the KGH Lassa Ward following the epidemic. To assess general HSB, a questionnaire was developed and administered to 200 residents from 8 villages in Kenema District. Among 194 completed interviews, 151 (78%) of respondents stated they felt hospitals were safer post-epidemic with no significant differences noted among subjects according to religious background, age, gender, or education. However, 37 (19%) subjects reported decreased attendance at hospitals since the epidemic, which suggests that trust in the healthcare system has not fully rebounded. Cost was identified as a major deterrent to seeking healthcare.

Conclusions/Significance
Analysis of patient demographic data suggests that fewer individuals sought care for Lassa fever and other febrile illnesses in Kenema District after the West African Ebola epidemic. Re-establishing trust in health care services will require efforts beyond rebuilding infrastructure and require concerted efforts to rebuild the trust of local residents who may be wary of seeking healthcare post epidemic.
Impact of opportunistic screening on squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the cervix in Germany: A population-based case-control study
Authors: Tanaka Luana F. , Schriefer Dirk , Radde Kathrin , Schauberger Gunther , Klug Stefanie J. 
Published: July 2021

Background
We investigated the uptake of opportunistic cervical cancer screening (CCS) and other risk factors and their association with cervical cancer in Germany in a case-control study.

Methods and findings
We recruited incident cases of cervical cancer (ICD-10 C53) diagnosed between 2012 and 2016 and matched with three population-based controls, based on age and region of residence. Cases and controls reported their CCS participation during the past ten years (frequent: every three years; no or infrequent: less than every three years) and other relevant variables. We fitted conditional logistic regression models, reporting odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We report overall and stratified analyses by histologic group (squamous cell–SCC, and adenocarcinoma–AC), T category (T1 and T2+), and age (<50 and ≥50 years). We analysed 217 cases and 652 matched controls. 53.0% of cases and 85.7% of controls attended CCS frequently. In the overall adjusted model, no or infrequent participation in CCS (OR 5.63; 95% CI 3.51 to 9.04), having had more than one sexual partner (OR 2.86; 95%CI 1.50 to 5.45) and obesity (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.83) were associated with cervical cancer. Twelve years of schooling (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.60) and a net monthly income of €3000 or more (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.82) were protective factors. In the stratified analyses, no or infrequent participation was associated with T1 (OR 4.37; 95% CI 2.48 to 7.71), T2+ (OR 10.67; 95% CI 3.83 to 29.74), SCC (OR 6.88; 95% CI 4.08 to 11.59) and AC (OR 3.95; 95% CI 1.47 to 10.63).

Conclusion
Although women who frequently attended CCS were less likely to develop cervical cancer, especially larger tumours, the high proportion of cases who had been frequently screened prior to diagnosis underscores the need to investigate the quality of cytology and treatment of precancerous lesions in Germany.
Acquisition and maintenance of disgust reactions in an OCD analogue sample: Efficiency of extinction strategies through a counter-conditioning procedure
Authors: Novara Caroline , Lebrun Cindy , Macgregor Alexandra , Vivet Bruno , Thérouanne Pierre , Capdevielle Delphine , Raffard Stephane 
Published: July 2021

Background
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has long been considered as an anxiety disorder, disgust is the dominant emotion in contamination-based OCD. However, disgust seems resistant to exposure with response prevention partly due to the fact that disgust is acquired through evaluative conditioning.

Aims
The present research investigates a counter-conditioning intervention in treating disgust-related emotional responses in two groups of individuals with high (High contamination concerns, HCC, n = 24) and low (Low contamination concerns LCC, n = 23) contamination concerns.

Methods
The two groups completed a differential associative learning task in which neutral images were followed by disgusting images (conditioned stimulus; CS+), or not (CS-). Following this acquisition phase, there was a counter-conditioning procedure in which CS+ was followed by a very pleasant unconditional stimulus while CS- remained unreinforced.

Results
Following counter-conditioning, both groups reported significant reduction in their expectancy of US occurrence and reported less disgust with CS+. For both expectancy and disgust, reduction was lower in the HCC group than in the LCC group. Disgust sensitivity was highly correlated with both acquisition and maintenance of the response acquired, while US expectation was predicted by anxiety.

Conclusion
Counter-conditioning procedure reduces both expectations and conditioned disgust.
Prenatal and postnatal determinants of stunting at age 0–11 months: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia
Authors: Sartika Arindah Nur , Khoirunnisa Meirina , Meiyetriani Eflita , Ermayani Evi , Pramesthi Indriya Laras , Nur Ananda Aziz Jati 
Published: July 2021

Background
Childhood stunting remains the most challenging consequence of undernutrition because it is associated with suboptimal brain development and the subsequent increased risk of metabolic diseases and decreased earnings in adult life. The Sambas District in Indonesia has a high prevalence of stunting (28.4%), followed by underweight (25.5.%) and wasting (14.4%) among children, as well chronic energy deficiency (27%) and anemia (62%) among pregnant women. The present study sought to determine significant factors in childhood stunting with a focus on maternal and child nutrition and prenatal and postnatal determinants.

Methods
This prospective, repeat, cross-sectional study investigated factors associated with stunting among 559 infants age 0–11 months in Sambas District, Indonesia. Anthropometric measurements were performed by trained enumerators. Data from a 2016 survey of pregnant women and a 2017 survey on mothers and their children were used for postnatal data collection to quantify the prevalence of stunting at age 0–11 months. Using 20 potential predictors of stunting categorized by household characteristics, maternal characteristics, antenatal care services, and child characteristics, logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the adjusted association between stunting and these factors.

Results
Of 559 children analyzed, 20.8% were stunted. In the model with low birth weight (LBW) as predictor for stunting, the odds of stunting increased significantly among children who weighed <2.500 g at birth; children who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks and children who had incomplete basic immunization coverage as infants age 9–11 months. In model without LBW, the odds of stunting increased significantly among children who had preterm at birth, short maternal stature and children who had incomplete basic immunization coverage for 9–11 months infants.

Conclusions
Postnatal factors—preterm birth, low birth weight, diarrhea and complete basic immunization coverage—were associated with infant stunting in Sambas District, Indonesia. The prenatal factors such as short maternal stature were significant in the multivariate model. Policy makers, especially in the government, should recommend measures focused on those prenatal and postnatal factors to prevent stunting in children and to avoid the sequelae of childhood stunting in adult life.
Teknologi Drone untuk Estimasi Stok Karbon di Area Mangrove Pulau Kemujan, Karimunjawa
Authors: Farahdita Wanda Laras , Soenardjo Nirwani , Suryono Chrisna Adhi 
Published: July 2021

Hutan mangrove dapat mengurangi emisi karbon dengan menyerap CO2 yang berasal dari udara. Kawasan Tracking Mangrove Pulau Kemujan merupakan salah satu pulau di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa yang didominasi oleh mangrove. Jumlah serapan karbon yang tersimpan di mangrove perlu dihitung sebagai upaya penanganan iklim global dan menambah fungsi mangrove. Pendugaan karbon dapat dilakukan melalui teknologi penginderaan jauh, salah satunya dengan drone. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung dan memetakan area spasial distribusi stok karbon di area tracking mangrove Pulau Kemujan, Karimunjawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kuantitatif yang didapatkan dari pendekatan analisis spasial dan data pengukuran lapangan. Metode yang diaplikasikan terdiri dari fotogrametri, image classification, dan perhitungan pendugaan karbon. Resolusi hasil foto udara adalah 3,19 cm/pix, uji korelasi dan uji validasi antara nilai karbon dan indeks vegetasi (NDVI) adalah 0,658 dan 10,738%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa area tracking mangrove Pulau Kemujan, Karimunjawa memiliki estimasi simpanan karbon antara 8,42–224,6 ton/ha, dominansi karbon tertinggi berkisar antara 19,43-31,20 ton/ha yang mencakup 8,159 ha. Total area yang terpetakan adalah 28,462 ha dengan rata -rata nilai karbon 56,93 ton/ha. Mangrove forests can reduce carbon emissions by absorbing CO2 from the air. Mangrove Tracking Area of Kemujan Island is one of the islands in Karimunjawa National Park which dominated by mangroves. The amount of carbon sequestration in mangroves needs to be calculated in order to reduce the climate change impact and increase the function of mangroves. Carbon estimation could be approached by remote sensing technology, drones are one of them. The study aims to calculate carbon sequestration and mapping the spatial area of carbon stock distribution in the mangrove tracking area of Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa. Quantitative data are obtained from the spatial analysis and field measurement data. The method applied consists of photogrammetry, image classification, and calculation of carbon estimation. Resolution of aerial photo is 3.19 cm/pix, correlation test and validation test between carbon value and vegetation index (NDVI) are 0.658 and 10.738%, respectively. The result showed that the mangrove tracking area of Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa had an estimated of carbon stock ranges from 8.42–224.6 tons/ha, the highest dominance is 19.43-31.20 tons/ha which covered 8,159 ha. The total area mapped as a spatial area of carbon stock distribution is 28,462 ha with an average carbon value of 56.93 tons/ha.
Perbandingan Jenis dan Jumlah Echinodermata Di Perairan Pantai Krakal Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta Dan Pantai Pailus Jepara, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Putri Ardita Elok Mahendra , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Endrawati Hadi 
Published: July 2021

Echinodermata merupakan biota yang dapat ditemukan hampir di semua ekosistem laut. Echinodermata cukup melimpah keberadaannya di kawasan terumbu karang, hal ini karena terumbu karang berperan sebagai tempat berlindung dan mencari makan bagi Echinodermata. Dalam rantai makanan, Echinodermata memiliki peranan sebagai pemakan seston atau detritus, dan merombak sisa bahan organik. Echinodermata juga berperan sebagai bioindikator parameter kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan Echinodermata yang terdapat di Pantai Krakal, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta dan Pantai Pailus, Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode transek kuadran dengan ukuran 1x1m. Hasil pengamatan di Pantai Krakal ditemukan 2 kelas dari filum Echinodermata, antara lain 3 species dari Kelas Ophiuroidea yaitu Ophiocoma erinaceus, Ophiocoma scolopendrina, Ophiarachna affinis, dan 3 species dari Kelas Echinoidea yaitu Echinometra viridis, Echinometra oblonga, dan Stomopneustes variolaris. Sedangkan jenis Echinodermata yang ditemukan di Pantai Pailus ditemukan 1 Kelas Echinodermata yaitu Holothuridea yang terdiri dari 3 spesies, yaitu Holothuria atra, Holothuria scabra, dan Holothuria leucospilota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan individu tertinggi penelitian di Pantai Krakal adalah Ophiocoma scolopendrina (7,05 ind/m²),sedangkan kelimpahan individu tertinggi di Pantai Pailus adalah Holothuria scabra (2,13 ind/m²). Echinodermata is a biota that can be found almost in all marine ecosystems. Echinodermata quite abundant presence in the area coral reefs, because it serves as shelter and feed for Echinodermata. In the food chain, Echinodermata has a role as a seston eater or dentrite, and remodel the rest of the organic material. Echinodermata also serves as a bioindicator of water quality parameters. This study aims to determine the abundance of Echinodermata found in Krakal Beach, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta and Pailus Beach, Jepara, Central Java. The method used in this research was descriptive method. Sampling in this research used quadrant transect method with size 1x1m. The results of observation on Krakal Beach found 2 classes of Echinodermata phylum, among others 3 species of Ophiuroidea namely Ophiocoma erinaceus, Ophiocoma scolopendrina, Ophiarachna affinis, and 3 species of Echinoidea is Echinometra viridis, Echinometra oblonga, and Stomopneustes variolaris. While the type of Echinodermata found in Pailus Beach found 1 Class Echinodermata is Holothuridea consisting of 3 species, namely Holothuria atra, Holothuria scabra, and Holothuria leucospilota. The results showed the highest individual abundance of research on Krakal Beach was Ophiocoma scolopendrina (7,05 ind/m²), while the highest individual abundance in Pailus Beach was Holothuria scabra (2,13 ind/m²).
Sebaran Thermal Front Musiman di Wilayah Perairan Selat Madura Menggunakan Single Image Edge Detection
Authors: Trinugroho Trinugroho , Satriadi Alfi , Muslim Muslim 
Published: July 2021

Thermal front didefinisikan sebagai pertemuan antara dua masa air dengan karakteristik suhu yang berbeda sehingga membentuk gradien suhu. Thermal front merupakan salah satu proses oseanografi penting yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi fisik, kimia, maupun biologi di laut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran thermal front musiman di perairan Selat Madura, Jawa Timur. Deteksi thermal front dilakukan pada lapisan permukaan laut dengan menggunakan citra AquaMODIS untuk suhu permukaan laut. Citra AquaMODIS yang digunakan memiliki resolusi spasial sebesar 1 km x 1 km dan resolusi temporal selama satu hari. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi fenomena ini adalah metode Single Image Edge Detection (SIED) yang diperkenalkan oleh Cayula dan Cornilon pada tahun 1992. Metode ini menggunakan prinsip deteksi tepi piksel yang mempertimbangkan nilai gradien suhu dan pola arah dari piksel yang memiliki gradien suhu. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa sebaran spasial dan temporal fenomena thermal front di perairan Selat Madura. Sebaran temporal berdasarkan komposit harian dalam satu musim selama empat tahun dari tahun 2012 – 2016. Rata – rata kejadian thermal front tiap musim sebanyak 446 kali pada musim barat, 1893 kali pada musim peralihan I, 1038 kali pada musim timur, dan 2375 kali pada musim peralihan II. Penyebab utama kejadian front di perairan Selat Madura adalah akibat adanya arus eddy dan masukan masa air laut dari wilayah timur Selat Madura. Thermal front defined as an ecounter of two water masses which has different temperature (thermal) characteristics and create a thermal gradient. Thermal front is one of the most important oceanographic proceses that can make a significant impact to physical, chemical, and biological process in the ocean. The aim of this research is to understand seasonal thermal front distribution in Madura Strait, East Java. Thermal front was detected in the surface layer of water, using AquaMODIS for Sea Surface Temperature (SST). AquaMODIS image which used in this research has 1 km x 1 km spatial resolution and one day (24 hours) temporal resolution. Front detection in this research is using Single Image Edge Detection by Cayula Cornilon (1992). This method is using edge detection of pixel, considering the value of thermal gradient and pattern of the pixel edge. The result of this research is spatial and temporal distribution of thermal front in Madura Strait. Temporal distribution are based on composite result of daily front detection in seasonal range for four years from 2012-2016. Seasonal average of front occurence is 446 times in western season, 1893 times in Transition I, 1038 times in eastern season and 2375 times in Transition II. The main cause of front in Madura strait is eddy current and water masses ecounter from eastern area of Madura.
Biologi Mangrove Ditinjau dari Nilai Penting Keanekaragaman, Dominansi, Keragaman Di Pesisir Kecamatan Bonang, Demak
Authors: Saputra Bima Agung , Pribadi Rudhi , Suryono Chrisna Adhi 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK: Penelitian mengenai kajian kawasan kawasan rehabilitasi mangrove ini dilakukan di Desa Morodemak dan Desa Purworejo, Kecamatan Bonang, Kabupaten Demak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting struktur dan komposisi vegetasi mangrove serta mengkaji kegiatan rehabilitasi mangrove di Desa Morodemak dan Desa Purworejo, Kecamatan Bonang, Kabupaten Demak. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan analisa data struktur dan komposisi vegetasi mangrove dan presentasi peran masyarakat dan peran lembaga pemerintah/non pemerintah setempat. Hasil penelitian di Desa Morodemak dan Desa Purworejo ditemukan 9 spesies mangrove dari tiga komponen vegetasi yaitu mayor, minor dan asosiasi. Secara umun kerapatan kategori pohon (tree) di Lokasi I 3211 ind/ha, sementara di Lokasi II 3611 ind/ha. Kerapatan kategori anakan (sapling) di Lokasi I 533 ind/ha, sementara di Lokasi II ind/ha. Kerapatan kategori semai (seedling) di Lokasi I 450 ind/ha sementara di Lokasi II 1383 ind/ha. Peran masyarakat dan peran lembaga pemerintah/non pemerintah di Desa Purworejo lebih aktif jika dibandingkan Desa Morodemak. ABSTRACT: Research on the study of mangrove rehabilitation in Morodemak and Purworejo Village, Bonang District, Demak Regency. The purpose of this study to determine the existing conditions of the structure and composition of mangrove vegetation and to study the rehabilitation activities of mangroves in Morodemak and Purworejo Villages, Bonang District, Demak Regency. The research method used is descriptive method with exploratory data analysis mangrove vegetation structure, composition and presentase the role of society and the role of government institution. The results of the research in Morodemak and Purworejo Villages found 9 mangrove species from three vegetation components, namely major, minor and association. In general, the tree density in location I has an average of 3211 ind/ha, while in Location II is 3611 ind/ha. Sapling density at Location I averages 533 ind/ha, while in Location II the average is 1422 ind / ha. The seedling category density at Location I has an average of 450 ind/ha while in Location II an average of 1383 ind/ha. The role of the community and the role of government in Purworejo Village is more active than Morodemak Village.
Geomorfologi Perairan Muara Sungai Kaliboyo Batang Jawa Tengah
Authors: Shofian Tyandi , Atmodjo Warsito , Marwoto Jarot 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK : Sungai Kaliboyo merupakan salah satu daerah aliran sungai (DAS) yang ada di Kabupaten Batang. Muara Sungai Kaliboyo terletak di Desa Roban, dimana mayoritas masyarakat memanfaatkan sebagai sarana transportasi dan sumber mata pencaharian. Perairan yang dulu digunakan sebagai jalur transportasi kini mengalami perubahan berupa pendangkalan pada aliran muara, sehingga berdampak pada terhambatnya aktivitas nelayan khususnya alur keluar masuk kapal. Informasi geomorfologi ialah hal vital untuk perencanaan dan pemanfaatan perairan di masa mendatang salah satunya pengerukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi geomorfologi perairan Muara Sungai Kaliboyo, Kabupaten Batang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pemeruman kedalaman menggunakan instrumen singlebeam echosounder tipe Garmin GPSMap 585 untuk mengetahui kedalaman perairan, serta grab sampler untuk mengambil sampel sedimen dasar. Pengolahan data diproses dengan menggunakan software ArcGIS 10.4 dan Surfer 11 untuk mendapatkan hasil kontur batimetri dan persebaran sedimen guna mengetahui kondisi geomorfologi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa muara sungai terjadi pendangkalan hingga kedalaman 0,5 m. Kemiringan perairan berkisar 0,47% hingga 1,95% yang dikategorikan datar. Kondisi geomorfologi berupa pantai berpasir dengan didominasi gelombang dan debit sungai. ABSTRACT : Kaliboyo River is one of the river basins (DAS) in Batang Regency. The Kaliboyo River Estuary is located in Roban Village, where the majority of the civilization uses it as transportation route and a source of livelihood. The waters that used to be used as a transportation route are now undergoing changes in the form of siltation in the estuary flow, so that it has an impact on the inhibition of fishing activities, especially the shipping channel, in and out of ships. Geomorphological information is important for the planning and utilization of water in the future, one of which is dredging. The purpose of this study was to determine the geomorphological conditions of the Kaliboyo Estuary waters, Batang Regency. This research was conducted by depth analysis using a Garmin GPSMap 585 singlebeam echosounder instrument to determine the depth of the waters, as well as a grab sampler to take basic sediment samples. Data processing was processed using ArcGIS 10.4 and Surfer 11 software to obtain the results of bathymetry contours and sediment distribution to determine geomorphological conditions. Based on the results of the study, it shows that river mouths shallow to a depth of 0.5 m. The water slope ranges from 0.47% to 1.95% which is categorized flat. Geomorphological conditions is sandy beaches dominated by waves and river discharge.