bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 infections in kindergartens and associated households at the start of the second wave in Berlin, Germany—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Thielecke Marlene , Theuring Stefanie , van Loon Welmoed , Hommes Franziska , Mall Marcus A , Rosen Alexander , Böhringer Falko , von Kalle Christof , Kirchberger Valerie , Kurth Tobias , Seybold Joachim , Mockenhaupt Frank P ,   the BECOSS study group, Chylla Tanja , Linzbach Elisabeth , von der Haar Annkathrin , Körner Jennifer , Gertler Maximilian , Bernhard Julian , Rössig Heike , Kurzmann Marco , Peters Frederike , Wiesmann Christoph , Horn Johanna , Steger Julia , Bethke Norma , Schmidergall Tobias , Holz Frederik , van den Berg Antje , Peña-Groth Maria Luz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Actual surveys in kindergartens on SARS-CoV-2 infections are rare. At the beginning of the second pandemic wave, we screened 12 randomly selected kindergartens in Berlin, Germany. A total of 720 participants (pre-school children, staff and connected household members) were briefly examined and interviewed, and SARS-CoV-2 infections and anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgG antibodies were assessed. About a quarter of the participants showed common cold-resembling symptoms. However, no SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected, and only one childcare worker showed IgG seroreactivity. Against a backdrop of increased pandemic activity in the community, this cross-sectional study does not suggest that kindergartens are silent transmission reservoirs.
The Transposable Elements of the Drosophila serrata Reference Panel
Authors: Tiedeman Zachery , Signor Sarah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are an important component of the complex genomic ecosystem. Understanding the tempo and mode of TE proliferation, that is whether it is in maintained in transposition selection balance, or is induced periodically by environmental stress or other factors, is important for understanding the evolution of organismal genomes through time. Although TEs have been characterized in individuals or limited samples, a true understanding of the population genetics of TEs, and therefore the tempo and mode of transposition, is still lacking. Here, we characterize the TE landscape in an important model Drosophila, Drosophila serrata using the D. serrata reference panel, which is comprised of 102 sequenced inbred genotypes. We annotate the families of TEs in the D. serrata genome and investigate variation in TE copy number between genotypes. We find that many TEs have low copy number in the population, but this varies by family and includes a single TE making up to 50% of the genome content of TEs. We find that some TEs proliferate in particular genotypes compared with population levels. In addition, we characterize variation in each TE family allowing copy number to vary in each genotype and find that some TEs have diversified very little between individuals suggesting recent spread. TEs are important sources of spontaneous mutations in Drosophila, making up a large fraction of the total number of mutations in particular genotypes. Understanding the dynamics of TEs within populations will be an important step toward characterizing the origin of variation within and between species.
Inversion of electromagnetic induction data using a novel wavelet-based and scale-dependent regularization term
Authors: Deleersnyder Wouter , Maveau Benjamin , Hermans Thomas , Dudal David 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARYThe inversion of electromagnetic induction data to a conductivity profile is an ill-posed problem. Regularization improves the stability of the inversion and a smoothing constraint is typically used. However, the conductivity profiles are not always expected to be smooth. Here, we develop a new inversion scheme in which we transform the model to the wavelet space and impose a sparsity constraint. This sparsity constrained inversion scheme will minimize an objective function with a least-squares data misfit and a sparsity measure of the model in the wavelet domain. A model transform to the wavelet domain allows to investigate the temporal resolution (periodicities at different frequencies) and spatial resolution (location of the peaks) characteristics of the model, and penalizing small-scale coefficients effectively reduces the complexity of the model. The novel scale-dependent regularization term can be used to favour either blocky or smooth structures, as well as high-amplitude models in globally smooth structures in the inversion. Depending on the expected conductivity profile, a suitable wavelet basis function can be chosen. The scheme supports multiple types of regularization with the same algorithm and is thus flexible. Finally, we apply this new scheme on a frequency domain electromagnetic sounding data set, but the scheme could equally apply to any other 1-D geophysical method.
Elastic symmetry with beachball pictures
Authors: Tape Walter , Tape Carl 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARY
The elastic map, or generalized Hooke’s Law, associates stress with strain in an elastic material. A symmetry of the elastic map is a reorientation of the material that does not change the map. We treat the topic of elastic symmetry conceptually and pictorially. The elastic map is assumed to be linear, and we study it using standard notions from linear algebra—not tensor algebra. We depict strain and stress using the ‘beachballs’ familiar to seismologists. The elastic map, whose inputs and outputs are strains and stresses, is in turn depicted using beachballs. We are able to infer the symmetries for most elastic maps, sometimes just by inspection of their beachball depictions. Many of our results will be familiar, but our versions are simpler and more transparent than their counterparts in the literature.
Missing the sweet spot: one of the two N-glycans on human Gb3/CD77 synthase is expendable
Authors: Mikolajczyk Krzysztof , Bereznicka Anna , Szymczak-Kulus Katarzyna , Haczkiewicz-Lesniak Katarzyna , Szulc Bozena , Olczak Mariusz , Rossowska Joanna , Majorczyk Edyta , Kapczynska Katarzyna , Bovin Nicolai , Lisowska Marta , Kaczmarek Radoslaw , Miazek Arkadiusz , Czerwinski Marcin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
N-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification that may influence folding, subcellular localization, secretion, solubility and oligomerization of proteins. In this study, we examined the effects of N-glycans on the activity of human Gb3/CD77 synthase, which catalyzes the synthesis of glycosphingolipids with terminal Galα1→4Gal (Gb3 and the P1 antigen) and Galα1→4GalNAc disaccharides (the NOR antigen). The human Gb3/CD77 synthase contains two occupied N-glycosylation sites at positions N121 and N203. Intriguingly, we found that while the N-glycan at N203 is essential for activity and correct subcellular localization, the N-glycan at N121 is dispensable and its absence did not reduce, but, surprisingly, even increased the activity of the enzyme. The fully N-glycosylated human Gb3/CD77 synthase and its glycoform missing the N121 glycan correctly localized in the Golgi, whereas a glycoform without the N203 site partially mislocalized in the endoplasmic reticulum. A double mutein missing both N-glycans was inactive and accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results suggest that the decreased specific activity of human Gb3/CD77 synthase glycovariants resulted from their improper subcellular localization and, to a smaller degree, a decrease in enzyme solubility. Taken together, our findings show that the two N-glycans of human Gb3/CD77 synthase have opposing effects on its properties, revealing a dual nature of N-glycosylation and potentially a novel regulatory mechanism controlling the biological activity of proteins.
The need for adolescents’ agency in salutogenic approaches shaping physical activity in schools
Authors: Boonekamp Gwendolijn M M , Jansen Erik , O’Sullivan Tracey , Dierx John A J , Lindström Bengt , Pérez-Wilson Patricia , Álvarez-Dardet Díaz Carlos 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Physical activity (PA) contributes to health throughout life. In particular, young people can benefit from this. Schools can play a key role in providing learning conditions to experience meaningful PAs aimed at inspiring students to lifelong PA. In this article, we argue the need for a salutogenic approach in schools focussing on respecting and enhancing adolescents’ agency with regard to their PA. This approach entails listening to adolescents’ perspectives and inviting them to participate in actively designing and carrying out PA as a prerequisite for their inclusive engagement. We unpack the concept of agency by drawing on insights from the Capability Approach. This provides input for the integration of agency in health promoting schools and salutogenic approaches, to enhance PA-related agency. Finally, we outline a research agenda to, eventually, create opportunities for students in schools to expand their PA-related agency.
Lay Summary Physical activity (PA) contributes to health throughout life. Schools can play a key role in fostering meaningful PA experiences to inspire students to lifelong PA. This requires schools to focus on students’ personal aspirations, providing them with the space to develop their autonomy and find opportunities to decide and act upon expanding their agency with respect to the physically active lifestyles they deem meaningful.
Impaired neuronal activity and differential gene expression in STXBP1 encephalopathy patient iPSC-derived GABAergic neurons
Authors: Ichise Eisuke , Chiyonobu Tomohiro , Ishikawa Mitsuru , Tanaka Yasuyoshi , Shibata Mami , Tozawa Takenori , Taura Yoshihiro , Yamashita Satoshi , Yoshida Michiko , Morimoto Masafumi , Higurashi Norimichi , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Okano Hideyuki , Hirose Shinichi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Syntaxin-binding protein 1 (STXBP1; also called MUNC18–1), encoded by STXBP1, is an essential component of the molecular machinery that controls synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. De novo pathogenic variants of STXBP1 cause a complex set of neurological disturbances, namely STXBP1 encephalopathy (STXBP1-E) that includes epilepsy, neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegeneration. Several animal studies have suggested the contribution of GABAergic dysfunction in STXBP1-E pathogenesis. However, the pathophysiological changes in GABAergic neurons of these patients are still poorly understood. Here, we exclusively generated GABAergic neurons from STXBP1-E patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by transient expression of the transcription factors ASCL1 and DLX2. We also generated CRISPR/Cas9-edited isogenic iPSC-derived GABAergic (iPSC GABA) neurons as controls. We demonstrated that the reduction in STXBP1 protein levels in patient-derived iPSC GABA neurons was slight (approximately 20%) compared to the control neurons, despite a 50% reduction in STXBP1 mRNA levels. Using a microelectrode array–based assay, we found that patient-derived iPSC GABA neurons exhibited dysfunctional maturation with reduced numbers of spontaneous spikes and bursts. These findings reinforce the idea that GABAergic dysfunction is a crucial contributor to STXBP1-E pathogenesis. Moreover, gene expression analysis revealed specific dysregulation of genes previously implicated in epilepsy, neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration in patient-derived iPSC GABA neurons, namely KCNH1, KCNH5, CNN3, RASGRF1, SEMA3A, SIAH3 and INPP5F. Thus, our study provides new insights for understanding the biological processes underlying the widespread neuropathological features of STXBP1-E.
Metachronal Swimming with Flexible Legs: A Kinematics Analysis of the Midwater Polychaete Tomopteris
Authors: Daniels Joost , Aoki Nadège , Havassy Josh , Katija Kakani , Osborn Karen J 
Published: May 2021

Synopsis
Aquatic animals have developed a wide array of adaptations specific to life underwater, many of which are related to moving in the water column. Different swimming methods have emerged, such as lift-based flapping, drag-based body undulations, and paddling. Patterns occur across scales and taxa, where animals with analogous body features use similar locomotory methods. Metachronal paddling is one such wide-spread propulsion mechanism, occurring in taxa as diverse as ctenophores, crustaceans, and polychaetes. Sequential movement of multiple, near identical appendages, allows for steady swimming through phase-offsets between adjacent propulsors. The soft-bodied, holopelagic polychaete Tomopteris has two rows of segmental appendages (parapodia) positioned on opposite sides along its flexible body that move in a metachronal pattern. The outer one-third of their elongate parapodia consist of two paddle-like pinnules that can be spread or, when contracted, fold together to change the effective width of the appendage. Along with metachronal paddling, tomopterid bodies undulate laterally, and by using high speed video and numerical modeling, we seek to understand how these two behaviors combine to generate effective swimming. We collected animals using deep-diving remotely operated vehicles, and recorded video data in shore- and ship-based imaging laboratories. Kinematics were analyzed using landmark tracking of features in the video data. We determined that parapodia are actively moved to generate thrust and pinnules are actively spread and contracted to create differences in drag between power and recovery strokes. At the same time, the body wave increases the parapodium stroke angle and extends the parapodia into undisturbed water adjacent to the body, enhancing thrust. Based on kinematics measurements used as input to a 1D numerical model of drag-based swimming, we found that spreading of the pinnules during the power stroke provides a significant contribution to propulsion, similar to the contribution provided by the body wave. We conclude that tomopterids combine two different propulsive modes, which are enabled by their flexible body plan. This makes their anatomy and kinematics of interest not only for biologists, but also for soft materials and robotics engineers.
Hormonal Prostaglandin F2α Mediates Behavioral Responsiveness to a Species-Specific Multi-component Male Hormonal Sex Pheromone in a Female Fish
Authors: Sorensen Peter W , Levesque Haude M 
Published: May 2021

Synopsis
Although hormonally-derived female sex pheromones have been well described in approximately a dozen species of teleost fish, only a few male sex pheromones have been characterized and the neuroendocrine underpinnings of behavioral responsiveness to them is not understood. Herein, we describe a study that addresses this question using the goldfish, Carassius auratus, an important model species of how hormones drive behavior in egg-laying teleost fishes. Our study had four components. First, we examined behavioral responsiveness of female goldfish and found that when injected with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), a treatment that drives female sexual receptivity, and found that they became strongly and uniquely attracted to the odor of conspecific mature males, while non-PGF2α-treated goldfish did not discern males from females. Next, we characterized the complexity and specificity of the male pheromone by examining the responsiveness of PGF2α-treated females to the odor of either mature male conspecifics or male common carp odor, as well as their nonpolar and polar fractions. We found that the odor of male goldfish was more attractive than that of male common carp, and that its activity was attributable to both its nonpolar and polar fractions with the later conveying information on species-identity. Third, we hypothesized that androstenedione (AD), a 19-carbon sex steroid produced by all male fish might be the nonpolar fraction and tested whether PGF2α-treated goldfish were attracted to either AD alone or as part of a mixture in conspecific water. We found that while AD was inactive on its own, it became highly attractive when added to previously unattractive female conspecific water. Lastly, in a test of whether nonhormonal conspecific odor might determine species-specificity, we added AD to water of three species of fish and found that while AD made goldfish water strongly attractive, its effects on other species holding water were small. We conclude that circulating PGF2α produced at the time of ovulation induces behavioral sensitivity to a male sex pheromone in female goldfish and that this male pheromone is comprised of AD and a mixture of body metabolites. Because PGF2α commonly mediates ovulation and female sexual behavior in egg-laying fishes, and AD is universally produced by male fishes as a precursor to testosterone, we suggest that these two hormones may have similar roles mediating male–female behavior and communication in many species of fish.
Antibody status and cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults in three regions of France following the first lockdown and associated risk factors: a multicohort study
Authors: Carrat Fabrice , de Lamballerie Xavier , Rahib Delphine , Blanché Hélène , Lapidus Nathanael , Artaud Fanny , Kab Sofiane , Renuy Adeline , Szabo de Edelenyi Fabien , Meyer Laurence , Lydié Nathalie , Charles Marie-Aline , Ancel Pierre-Yves , Jusot Florence , Rouquette Alexandra , Priet Stéphane , Saba Villarroel Paola Mariela , Fourié Toscane , Lusivika-Nzinga Clovis , Nicol Jérôme , Legot Stephane , Druesne-Pecollo Nathalie , Esseddik Younes , Lai Cindy , Gagliolo Jean-Marie , Deleuze Jean-François , Bajos Nathalie , Severi Gianluca , Touvier Mathilde , Zins Marie ,   for the SAPRIS and SAPRIS-SERO study groups
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
We aimed to estimate the seropositivity to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in May–June 2020 after the first lockdown period in adults living in three regions in France and to identify the associated risk factors.

Methods
Between 4 May 2020 and 23 June 2020, 16 000 participants in a survey on COVID-19 from an existing consortium of three general adult population cohorts living in the Ile-de-France (IDF) or Grand Est (GE) (two regions with high rate of COVID-19) or in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine (NA) (with a low rate) were randomly selected to take a dried-blood spot for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies assessment with three different serological methods (ClinicalTrial Identifier #NCT04392388). The primary outcome was a positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG result against the spike protein of the virus (ELISA-S). Estimates were adjusted using sampling weights and post-stratification methods. Multiple imputation was used to infer the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection with adjustments for imperfect tests accuracies.

Results
The analysis included 14 628 participants, 983 with a positive ELISA-S. The weighted estimates of seropositivity and cumulative incidence were 10.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.1%, 10.9%] and 11.4% (95% CI: 10.1%, 12.8%) in IDF, 9.0% (95% CI: 7.7%, 10.2%) and 9.8% (95% CI: 8.1%, 11.8%) in GE and 3.1% (95% CI: 2.4%, 3.7%) and 2.9% (95% CI: 2.1%, 3.8%) in NA, respectively. Seropositivity was higher in younger participants [odds ratio (OR) = 1.84 (95% CI: 1.79, 6.09) in &lt;40 vs 50–60 years old and OR = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.74) in ≥70 vs 50–60 years old)] and when at least one child or adolescent lived in the same household [OR = 1.30 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.53)] and was lower in smokers compared with non-smokers [OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.89)].

Conclusions
Seropositivity to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the French adult population was ≤10% after the first wave. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were identified.
Biomedical and clinical English model packages for the Stanza Python NLP library
Authors: Zhang Yuhao , Zhang Yuhui , Qi Peng , Manning Christopher D , Langlotz Curtis P 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study sought to develop and evaluate neural natural language processing (NLP) packages for the syntactic analysis and named entity recognition of biomedical and clinical English text.Materials and MethodsWe implement and train biomedical and clinical English NLP pipelines by extending the widely used Stanza library originally designed for general NLP tasks. Our models are trained with a mix of public datasets such as the CRAFT treebank as well as with a private corpus of radiology reports annotated with 5 radiology-domain entities. The resulting pipelines are fully based on neural networks, and are able to perform tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, lemmatization, dependency parsing, and named entity recognition for both biomedical and clinical text. We compare our systems against popular open-source NLP libraries such as CoreNLP and scispaCy, state-of-the-art models such as the BioBERT models, and winning systems from the BioNLP CRAFT shared task.ResultsFor syntactic analysis, our systems achieve much better performance compared with the released scispaCy models and CoreNLP models retrained on the same treebanks, and are on par with the winning system from the CRAFT shared task. For NER, our systems substantially outperform scispaCy, and are better or on par with the state-of-the-art performance from BioBERT, while being much more computationally efficient.ConclusionsWe introduce biomedical and clinical NLP packages built for the Stanza library. These packages offer performance that is similar to the state of the art, and are also optimized for ease of use. To facilitate research, we make all our models publicly available. We also provide an online demonstration (http://stanza.run/bio).
Service Providers’ Influence in Collaborative Governance Networks: Effectiveness in Reducing Chronic Homelessness
Authors: Mosley Jennifer E , Park Sunggeun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In fragmented policy areas, collaboration between government entities and nonprofit providers is thought to promote knowledge sharing and reinforce mutual accountability, hopefully improving performance. The popularity of this trend is matched only by the difficulties in actually meeting these multiplex goals. This is partly because there are both process (e.g., engagement and mutual learning) and outcome (e.g., effectiveness) goals that can work at cross-purposes. In this article, we use longitudinal data from a specific collaborative governance model—Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Homeless Continuums of Care (CoCs)—to investigate the relationship between meaningful inclusion of nonprofit service providers in the network and a valued outcome: reducing regional chronic homelessness. Specifically, we use structural equation modeling to assess the degree to which provider influence and local government support play mediating roles between network governance structure, growth in federal resource munificence, and reductions in chronic homeless. Combining HUD administrative data and data from a national survey of the population of CoCs (N = 313, 75% response rate), we find that while both (1) provider influence in decision-making and (2) federal funding growth are directly associated with reductions in chronic homelessness, provider influence also serves as an important mediator in the relationships between network governance structure, federal funding growth, and reductions in chronic homelessness. Qualitative case examples are then used to demonstrate how these trends are experienced in practice. Overall, we argue that collaborative governance can best improve client outcomes when it is truly collaborative and providers are given meaningful ways to engage with and influence the process.