bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Cohere and Act as One: IAU—The Global Voice of Higher Education
Authors: Fredman Pam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKnowledge and knowledge development have always been essential for the survival and continuing development of humankind. As part of the human condition, people have always adapted to the particularities of local environments which in turn are influenced by global conditions and changes, such as climate change, disease, and armed conflict, among others. Knowledge has, throughout human history, been shared and transferred, and with time ever more extensively across regions and national borders. The basic idea that knowledge has no borders has always been and needs to continue to be a guiding light for higher education (HE). International mobility is part of this knowledge transfer and exchange as it augments our understanding of cultural, structural, and financial differences in the world, which must be considered collectively as our shared global responsibility for sustainable social development. These, as well as other perspectives, will be addressed in the following lines.
Universities in an Era of Post-Corona “New Order”
Authors: Katsu Etsuko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince the beginning of 2020, the global spread of the coronavirus has caused a sudden disappearance in both supply and demand of goods. This had a major impact on the macroeconomy and corporate management. Our lifestyle is about to change drastically, and companies and universities have changed their work styles by moving to remote work and online meetings. In this memorable year, which also marks the 70th anniversary of IAU, I focus on how universities should be in an era of post-Corona “new order” from a Japanese perspective.
Envisioning Higher Education for the Future
Authors: Jensen-Pennington Henning 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn a constantly changing global society, higher education faces threats, challenges and opportunities that are not static, but are constantly evolving and transforming. Higher education institutions are prone to appreciate universal values, traditions and stability, which is specific and extremely relevant assets that help explain the profound roots they have put down across many cultures and highlight their enduring contribution to societal development in almost all dimensions, from material production and scientific innovation to artistic creativity and critical thinking about the surrounding world.
The amplitude for classical gravitational scattering at third Post-Minkowskian order
Authors: Bjerrum-Bohr N. Emil J. , Damgaard Poul H. , Planté Ludovic , Vanhove Pierre 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We compute the scattering amplitude for classical black-hole scattering to third order in the Post-Minkowskian expansion, keeping all terms needed to derive the scattering angle to that order from the eikonal formalism. Our results confirm a conjectured relation between the real and imaginary parts of the amplitude by Di Vecchia, Heissenberg, Russo, and Veneziano, and are in agreement with a recent computation by Damour based on radiation reaction in general relativity.
Universitäre Notaufnahmen in der Coronapandemie – Ergebnisse des ReCovER-Registers
Authors: Suárez Victor , Koehler Felix C. , Hackl Matthias J. , Möckel Martin , Slagman Anna , Pudasaini Samipa , Risse Joachim , Schunk Domagoj , Blaschke Sabine , Kümpers Philipp , Burst Volker 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die aktuelle COVID-19-Pandemie stellt, trotz der Verfügbarkeit von Schnelltests und des Starts der Impfkampagne, die Notaufnahme weiterhin vor große Herausforderungen. Die strukturierte Erfassung von demographischen, klinischen sowie therapiebezogenen Daten stellt die Grundlage für die Erstellung evidenzbasierter Prozesse und Behandlungskonzepte dar.

Ziel der Arbeit
Darstellung der systematischen Erfassung klinischer Parameter bei Patienten mit COVID-19-Verdacht im Notaufnahmeregister ReCovER (Registry for COVID-19 in the Emergency Room) sowie deskriptive Darstellung der ersten 1000 Patienten.

Material und Methoden
In zentralen Notaufnahmen (ZNA) von 6 Universitätskliniken werden kontinuierlich Daten von Patienten mit COVID-19-Verdacht, unabhängig vom Nachweis einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion, in ein webbasiertes, anonymisiertes Register eingegeben.

Ergebnisse
Zwischen dem 19.05.2020 und dem 13.01.2021 wurden 1000 Patienten in das Register eingegeben, hiervon waren 594 Patienten (59,4 %) in der SARS-CoV-2-positiven (PG) und 406 Patienten (40,6 %) in der negativen Gruppe (NG). Patienten der PG hatten signifikant weniger Vorerkrankungen und eine deutlich längere Latenz zwischen Symptombeginn und Vorstellung in der ZNA (Median 5 vs. 3 Tage), litten häufiger unter Husten, Myalgien, Fatigue sowie Geruchs/Geschmacksverlust und hatten einen signifikant höheren Sauerstoffbedarf als die NG-Patienten. Die Rate von schweren Krankheitsverläufen war in der PG signifikant erhöht und es bestanden nach Entlassung häufiger persistierende Symptome (11,1 vs. 4,6 %).

Schlussfolgerungen
Durch die multizentrische Erfassung von umfangreichen klinischen Daten zu COVID-19-Verdachtsfällen in der Notaufnahme können insbesondere auch für die Situation in Deutschland spezifische Aspekte analysiert werden. Dies ist essenziell für eine gezielte Überprüfung und Adaption international publizierter Strategien.
Social interactions, residential segregation and the dynamics of tipping
Authors: Kollmann Trevor , Marsiglio Simone , Suardi Sandy , Tolotti Marco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe develop an analytically tractable population dynamics model of heterogeneous agents to characterize how social interactions within a neighborhood determine the dynamic evolution of its ethnic composition. We characterize the conditions under which integration or segregation will occur, which depends on the majority’s social externality parameter and net benefit from leaving, and the minority’s leaving probability. Minority segregation may result from the process of tipping, which may arise from three possible channels: two are related to exogenous shocks (migration flows and changes in tipping points) and one is related to the endogenous probabilistic features of our framework (endogenous polarization). This characterization of integration and segregation conditions yields interesting policy implications for social and urban planning policies to mitigate segregation.
The Walker Abel–Jacobi map descends
Authors: Achter Jeffrey D. , Casalaina-Martin Sebastian , Vial Charles 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor a complex projective manifold, Walker has defined a regular homomorphism lifting Griffiths’ Abel–Jacobi map on algebraically trivial cycle classes to a complex abelian variety, which admits a finite homomorphism to the Griffiths intermediate Jacobian. Recently Suzuki gave an alternate, Hodge-theoretic, construction of this Walker Abel–Jacobi map. We provide a third construction based on a general lifting property for surjective regular homomorphisms, and prove that the Walker Abel–Jacobi map descends canonically to any field of definition of the complex projective manifold. In addition, we determine the image of the l-adic Bloch map restricted to algebraically trivial cycle classes in terms of the coniveau filtration.
On fibrations approaching the Arakelov equality
Authors: Bieri Maximilian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe sum of Lyapunov exponents $$L_f$$

L
f

of a semi-stable fibration is the ratio of the degree of the Hodge bundle by the Euler characteristic of the base. This ratio is bounded from above by the Arakelov inequality. Sheng-Li Tan showed that for fiber genus $$g\ge 2$$

g
≥
2

the Arakelov equality is never attained. We investigate whether there are sequences of fibrations approaching asymptotically the Arakelov bound. The answer turns out to be no, if the fibration is smooth, or non-hyperelliptic, or has a small base genus. Moreover, we construct examples of semi-stable fibrations showing that Teichmüller curves are not attaining the maximal possible value of $$L_f$$

L
f

.
Person-environment fit of environmental support provided during medical consultations with older patients
Authors: Poth Aoife , Baumgardt Meret , Tesky Valentina A. , Pantel Johannes , Oswald Frank , Haberstroh Julia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs some cognitive functions decline in old age, the ability to decide about important life events such as medical treatment is endangered. Environmental support to improve the comprehension of health-related information is therefore necessary. With a small-scale explorative approach, the present survey study aimed at investigating person-environment fit (PE-fit) of support provided during medical consultations. This fit was calculated by assessing the match between aids provided by five medical practitioners during medical consultations and aids most appreciated by the geriatric patients (N = 88). The results showed that the largest discrepancies of used and appreciated aids could be found concerning the opportunity to discuss decisions with relatives, the possibility to take notes, the use of objects, pictures and a keyword list. Female patients indicated a lower PE-fit. These findings highlight discrepancies between the use of specific aids and the wishes of patients and call for thoughtful use of aids during consultations with geriatric patients.
Differential diagnosis between syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and cerebral/renal salt wasting syndrome in children over 1 year: proposal for a simple algorithm
Authors: Bardanzellu Flaminia , Marcialis Maria Antonietta , Frassetto Roberta , Melis Alice , Fanos Vassilios 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHyponatremia, especially if acute and severe, can be a life-threatening condition. Several conditions can trigger hyponatremia. In this review, we will discuss two conditions that can determine euvolemic hyponatremia: the cerebral/renal salt wasting (CRSW) syndrome and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), including the two subtypes: reset osmostat (RO) and nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD) and their differential diagnoses. Despite the passage of over 70 years since its first description, to date, the true etiopathogenesis of CRSW syndrome, a rare cause of hypovolemic/euvolemic hyponatremia, is almost unknown. SIADH, including RO and NSIAD, is sometimes difficult to differentiate from CRSW syndrome; in its differential diagnosis, the clinical approach based on the evaluation of the extracellular volume (ECV) was proven insufficient. We therefore suggest a simple diagnostic algorithm based on the assessment of the degree of hyponatremia, urinary osmolality, and the assessment of the fraction of urate excretion (FEUa) in conditions of hyponatremia and after serum sodium correction, to be applied in children over 1 year of life.
Why Probability isn’t Magic
Authors: Rigat Fabio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract“What data will show the truth?” is a fundamental question emerging early in any empirical investigation. From a statistical perspective, experimental design is the appropriate tool to address this question by ensuring control of the error rates of planned data analyses and of the ensuing decisions. From an epistemological standpoint, planned data analyses describe in mathematical and algorithmic terms a pre-specified mapping of observations into decisions. The value of exploratory data analyses is often less clear, resulting in confusion about what characteristics of design and analysis are necessary for decision making and what may be useful to inspire new questions. This point is addressed here by illustrating the Popper-Miller theorem in plain terms and using a graphical support. Popper and Miller proved that probability estimates cannot generate hypotheses on behalf of investigators. Consistently with Popper-Miller, we show that probability estimation can only reduce uncertainty about the truth of a merely possible hypothesis. This fact clearly identifies exploratory analysis as one of the tools supporting a dynamic process of hypothesis generation and refinement which cannot be purely analytic. A clear understanding of these facts will enable stakeholders, mathematical modellers and data analysts to better engage on a level playing field when designing experiments and when interpreting the results of planned and exploratory data analyses.
The Ca2+ sensor proteins CML37 and CML42 antagonistically regulate plant stress responses by altering phytohormone signals
Authors: Heyer Monika , Scholz Sandra S. , Reichelt Michael , Kunert Grit , Oelmüller Ralf , Mithöfer Axel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Key message
Calmodulin-like-proteins (CML) belong to a family of calcium-sensing proteins that are unique for plants and involved in many different developmental and stress-related reactions. In defense against herbivory, some pathogens and drought, CML37 acts as a positive and CML42 as a negative regulator, respectively. We provide evidence that both CMLs act antagonistically in the regulation of induced defense responses. A double knock-out line, cml37 x cml42, thus shows wild-type phenotypes upon all kind of stresses we used.

Abstract
A transient increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first reactions that can be measured in plant cells upon abiotic as well as biotic stress treatments. These calcium signals are sensed by calcium binding proteins such as calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), which transduce the sensed information into appropriate stress responses by interacting with downstream target proteins. In previous studies, CML37 has been shown to positively regulate the plants’ defense against both the insect herbivore Spodoptera littoralis and the response to drought stress. In contrast, CML42 is known to negatively regulate those two stress responses. Here, we provide evidence that these two CMLs act antagonistically in the regulation of induced responses directed against drought and herbivory stress as well as in the defense against the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Both CMLs shape the plant reactions by altering the phytohormone signaling. Consequently, the phytohormone-regulated production of defensive compounds like glucosinolates is also antagonistically mediated by both CMLs. The finding that CML37 and CML42 have antagonistic roles in diverse stress-related responses suggests that these calcium sensor proteins represent important tools for the plant to balance and fine-tune the signaling and downstream reactions upon environmental stress.
Smartphone-based real-time object recognition architecture for portable and constrained systems
Authors: Martinez-Alpiste Ignacio , Golcarenarenji Gelayol , Wang Qi , Alcaraz-Calero Jose Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMachine learning algorithms based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently been explored in a myriad of object detection applications. Nonetheless, many devices with limited computation resources and strict power consumption constraints are not suitable to run such algorithms designed for high-performance computers. Hence, a novel smartphone-based architecture intended for portable and constrained systems is designed and implemented to run CNN-based object recognition in real time and with high efficiency. The system is designed and optimised by leveraging the integration of the best of its kind from the state-of-the-art machine learning platforms including OpenCV, TensorFlow Lite, and Qualcomm Snapdragon informed by empirical testing and evaluation of each candidate framework in a comparable scenario with a high demanding neural network. The final system has been prototyped combining the strengths from these frameworks and led to a new machine learning-based object recognition execution environment embedded in a smartphone with advantageous performance compared with the previous frameworks.
Nachfrage und Auslastung von Fortbildungen für Lehrerinnen und Lehrer: Effekte struktureller und inhaltlicher Angebotsmerkmale
Authors: Johannmeyer Karen , Cramer Colin 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungFortbildungen kommt in der berufslebenslangen Professionalisierung von Lehrpersonen eine wichtige Funktion zu. Bislang wurde primär zu deren Wirksamkeit oder zu Merkmalen der Teilnehmenden geforscht. Das Angebot an Fortbildungen wurde kaum untersucht und steht im Fokus dieser Studie: Strukturelle sowie inhaltliche Merkmale der Fortbildungen werden beschrieben und empirische Zusammenhänge mit deren Nachfrage und Auslastung hergestellt. Die Datengrundlage bilden Ausschreibungen vonN = 6240 regionalen, schulexternen Fortbildungen, die im Zeitraum eines Jahres unter Verantwortung des Kultusministeriums in Baden-Württemberg angeboten wurden. Ausgehend von inhaltsanalytischen Kodierungen der Angebotsbeschreibungen wird regressionsanalytisch gezeigt, dass eine höhere Nachfrage sowie Auslastung nicht nur durch die Dauer der Fortbildungen, sondern auch durch deren Fachbezug sowie deren Inhalte erklärt werden können. Implikationen für die Fortbildungsplanung und für weitere Forschung werden diskutiert.
Phytosterols and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Makhmudova Umidakhon , Schulze P. Christian , Lütjohann Dieter , Weingärtner Oliver 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Elevated blood cholesterol levels are not only the major but also the best modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Lifestyle modifications which include a healthy diet are the cornerstone of lipid-lowering therapy. So-called functional foods supplemented with plant sterols lower blood cholesterol levels by about 10–15%.

Recent Findings
In the recent revision of the ESC/EAS dyslipidemia guideline 2019, plant sterols are recommended for the first time as an adjunct to lifestyle modification to lower blood cholesterol levels. However, the German Cardiac Society (DGK) is more critical of food supplementation with plant sterols and calls for randomized controlled trials investigating hard cardiovascular outcomes. An increasing body of evidence suggests that plant sterols per se are atherogenic.

Summary
This review discusses this controversy based on findings from in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical trials, and genetic evidence.
RNA Silencing in the Management of Dyslipidemias
Authors: Henney Neil C. , Banach Maciej , Penson Peter E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Remarkable reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been achieved in recent decades through the widespread use of ‘small-molecule’ hypolipidaemic drugs such as statins and ezetimibe. An alternative approach is to perturb the production of proteins through ribonucleic acid (RNA) silencing, leading to long-lasting knock-down of specific biological molecules. This review describes the scientific basis of RNA silencing, and critically evaluates the evidence relating to inclisiran, a small interfering RNA against proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9).

Recent Findings
Pooled analysis of three recent ORION trials has demonstrated that twice-yearly administration of inclisiran reduces LDL-C by 50% in a range of patient groups, with only mild adverse effects.

Summary
Inclisiran provides safe, effective and long-lasting reductions in PCSK9 and LDL-C. The results of the phase-3 ORION-4 outcomes study are eagerly awaited. Further promising RNA silencing technologies have the potential to improve the management of dyslipidaemia.
Radiomics analysis improves 18FDG PET/CT-based risk stratification of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules
Authors: Giovanella Luca , Milan Lisa , Piccardo Arnoldo , Bottoni Gianluca , Cuzzocrea Marco , Paone Gaetano , Ceriani Luca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeAs ~25% of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules harbour malignancy, diagnostic lobectomy is still performed in many cases.18FDG PET/CT rules out malignancy in visually negative nodules; however, none of the currently available interpretation criteria differentiates malignant from benign18FDG-avid nodules. We evaluated the ability of PET metrics and radiomics features (RFs) to predict final diagnosis of18FDG-avid cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.MethodsSeventy-eight patients were retrospectively included. After volumetric segmentation of each thyroid lesion, 4 PET metrics and 107 RFs were extracted. A logistic regression was performed including thyroid stimulating hormone, PET metrics, and RFs to assess their predictive performance. A linear combination of the resulting parameters generated a radiomics score (RS) that was matched with cytology classes (Bethesda III and IV) and compared with final diagnosis.ResultsTwo RFs (shape_Sphericity and glcm_Autocorrelation) differentiated malignant from benign lesions. A predictive model integrating RS and cytology classes effectively stratified the risk of malignancy. The prevalence of thyroid cancer increased from 5 to 37% and 79% in accordance with the number (score 0, 1 or 2, respectively) of positive biomarkers.ConclusionsOur multiparametric model may be useful for reducing the number of diagnostic lobectomies with advantages in terms of costs and quality of life for patients.
San Antonio 2020 update—the top 3 surgical abstracts
Authors: Kacerovsky-Strobl Stephanie 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium is one of the largest meetings addressing the treatment of breast cancer patients; therefore, the meeting is of high interest for breast cancer specialists from around the world.From the meeting in 2020, which was held virtually, I have picked the top three surgical abstracts to show new developments in the surgical treatment of breast cancer patients.The first abstract addresses the question of whether an axillary dissection is necessary or not, in a selected patient cohort. The results, even after a short follow-up time, could confirm the findings of the ACOZOG Z 0011 trial.The second abstract refers to the question of whether sentinel node biopsy is always mandatory in older patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer.Finally, the third abstract focuses on a trial dedicated to the sentinel lymph node after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.These three abstracts show the importance of the surgical management of the axilla, under special circumstances.