bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of interval-valued triangular fuzzy numbers and their functional to the healthcare problems
Authors: Naithani Kapil , Dangwal Rajesh 
Published: March 2021

Aim. In healthcare field there exist different types of uncertainty due to medical error generated by human and technologies. In general the crisp value generate loss of precision and inaccuracy about result and therefore the available data is not sufficient to assessed clinical process up to desired degree of accuracy. Therefore fuzzy set theory play as an important and advance role in accuracy of results in healthcare related problems. Methods. Here for more accuracy of result, we use functional fuzzy numbers in this paper. This study uses a new fuzzy fault tree analysis for patient safety risk modelling in healthcare. In this paper we will use level (λ, ρ) interval-valued triangular fuzzy number, their functional, t-norm operation and centre of gravity defuzzification method to evaluate fuzzy failure probability and estimate reliability of system. The effectiveness of these methods is illustrated by an example related to healthcare problems and then we analyse the result obtained with the other existing techniques. Tanaka et al.’s approach has been used to give the rank of basic events of the considered problems. Also, we use functional of fuzzy numbers to analyse the change in fuzzy failure probability. Results. The paper examines the application of the failure tree, t-norm and functional fuzzy numbers in the context of interval-valued triangular fuzzy numbers. The research examined two types of healthcare-specific problems and the corresponding defuzzification techniques for the purpose of reliability analysis using the existing methods. The authors concluded that t-norm is not associated with significant accumulation and identified how a functional fuzzy number affects reliability. Similarly, using the V index method, the least critical events were found for each system.
Buscando Ajuda
Authors: Kfuri Carneiro Bruno , Antonio Mendonça Marcos 
Published: March 2021

O programa de computador “Buscando Ajuda” é um produto técnico desenvolvido na Universidade de Vassouras como resultado de um projeto de pesquisa. Idealizado com o objetivo de motivar os usuários do programa e complementar as consultas realizadas pelos profissionais de saúde, principalmente o médico e/ou psicólogo, reunindo dados sobre a saúde mental de seus pacientes. Foi programado na linguagem C#, utilizando o Visual Studio Community 2017 da Microsoft, versão:15.9.14, sendo capaz de funcionar no Windows 10. Para ter acesso a todas as informações contidas neste software é necessário ter acesso à internet. Ao iniciar o programa e o usuário responder as perguntas da Escala de Depressão do Centro de Estudos Epidemiológicos (CES-D), ele será instruído a clicar no botão denominado “Projeto Transformador”, um local onde terá acesso a 7 vídeos de cunho motivacional para serem vistos durante a semana (1 vídeo por dia). Decorrendo esses 7 dias, o usuário será instruído a responder novamente o questionário. Essa, por sua vez, foi escolhida para integrar o programa por ter como foco os sintomas depressivos ao longo da semana anterior, tornando possível verificar se os vídeos cumprem o seu papel motivacional. O programa não busca diagnosticar, nem mesmo medicar, serve somente como um complemento a fim de melhorar a autoestima dos participantes e fornecer dados para o profissional da saúde sobre os seus pacientes. Mais estudos serão necessários para comprovar a eficácia do programa.
Palavras-chave: Depressão; Autoestima; Software;
Early vascular aging in patients with metabolic syndrome: features of the course and diagnosis
Authors: Nedogoda S. V. , Salasyuk A. S. , Barykina I. N. , Lutova V. O. , Popova E. A. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: identifying the causes of early vascular aging (EVA) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), assessing the relationship between vascular age and various metabolic disorders, the severity of metabolic syndrome , tissue and circulating risk markers, the severity of non-infectious inflammation, and derive a new score for calculation vascular age and predicting early vascular aging in patients with metabolic syndrome.Materials and methods: а total of 750 patients aged 35 to 80 years with metabolic syndrome were examined. Early vascular aging syndrome was detected in 484 patients with metabolic syndrome and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) values exceeding expected for average age values by 2 or more SD.Results: Multiple logistic regression shown, that presence of type 2 diabetes and IR were associated with greater risk of early vascular aging, the risk of having early vascular aging increased by 76% with an increase in HOMA-IR by 1 unit, by 17% with an increase in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity by 1 mg/l, by 4% with an increase in DBP by 1 mm Hg, and by 1% with each 1 pmol / L increase in the level of UA. For vascular age, calculated from carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, SCORE scale, QRISK-3 scale and Framingham scale, respectively. Diabetes mellitus and clinical markers of IR (yes/no), HOMA-IR and UA level were used to develop a new VAmets score for EVA prediction providing a total accuracy of 0.830 (95% CI 0,799 to 0,860).Conclusion: parallel efforts for effective integration simple clinical score into clinical practice have been offered. Our score (VAmets) may accurately identify patients with metabolic syndrome and early vascular aging on the basis of widely available clinical variables and classic cardiovascular risk factors can prioritize using of vascular age in routine care.
Use of Spinal Anesthesia in Pediatric Laparoscopic Appendectomies: Case Series
Authors: Hannan Md Jafrul , Parveen Mosammat Kohinnor , Nandy Alak , Hasan Md Samiul 
Published: March 2021

Background
Owing to the widespread use of general anesthesia, administration of spinal anesthesia in pediatric patients is not widely practiced. Yet there is ample positive evidence demonstrating its safety, effectiveness, and success.

Objective
The objective of this study is to compare postoperative patient comfort, length of hospital stay, and cost-effectiveness of pediatric laparoscopic appendectomies performed under spinal and general anesthesia with the usual standard-of-care procedures employed in the hospital.

Methods
This is a case series of 77 consecutive pediatric laparoscopic appendectomies (involving 5-8–year-old children) that took place in a hospital in Chittagong, Bangladesh, in 2019. A total of 40 patients underwent spinal anesthesia and 37 patients underwent general anesthesia. Variables such as surgery and operation theater times, pain score, incidence of postsurgery vomiting, analgesic usage, discharge times, and hospital costs were recorded. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the data as a function of anesthesia type.

Results
The probability of vomiting when using spinal compared to general anesthesia was lower within the first 5 hours (P<.001) and 6 hours (P=.008) postoperation. A significant difference (P<.001) was observed between the total costs of the two procedures, with spinal anesthesia being less expensive. Patients were more likely to be discharged the same day of the procedure when spinal anesthesia was used (P=.008).

Conclusions
Spinal anesthesia has many advantages compared to general anesthesia for pediatric laparoscopic appendectomies. Patient comfort is improved due to a significant decrease in vomiting. This allows for more rapid hospital discharges and substantial cost savings, without compromising the outcome of the procedure.
Prediction and Feature Importance Analysis for Severity of COVID-19 in South Korea Using Artificial Intelligence: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Chung Heewon , Ko Hoon , Kang Wu Seong , Kim Kyung Won , Lee Hooseok , Park Chul , Song Hyun-Ok , Choi Tae-Young , Seo Jae Ho , Lee Jinseok 
Published: March 2021

Background
The number of deaths from COVID-19 continues to surge worldwide. In particular, if a patient’s condition is sufficiently severe to require invasive ventilation, it is more likely to lead to death than to recovery.

Objective
The goal of our study was to analyze the factors related to COVID-19 severity in patients and to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict the severity of COVID-19 at an early stage.

Methods
We developed an AI model that predicts severity based on data from 5601 COVID-19 patients from all national and regional hospitals across South Korea as of April 2020. The clinical severity of COVID-19 was divided into two categories: low and high severity. The condition of patients in the low-severity group corresponded to no limit of activity, oxygen support with nasal prong or facial mask, and noninvasive ventilation. The condition of patients in the high-severity group corresponded to invasive ventilation, multi-organ failure with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation required, and death. For the AI model input, we used 37 variables from the medical records, including basic patient information, a physical index, initial examination findings, clinical findings, comorbid diseases, and general blood test results at an early stage. Feature importance analysis was performed with AdaBoost, random forest, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost); the AI model for predicting COVID-19 severity among patients was developed with a 5-layer deep neural network (DNN) with the 20 most important features, which were selected based on ranked feature importance analysis of 37 features from the comprehensive data set. The selection procedure was performed using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, balanced accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC).

Results
We found that age was the most important factor for predicting disease severity, followed by lymphocyte level, platelet count, and shortness of breath or dyspnea. Our proposed 5-layer DNN with the 20 most important features provided high sensitivity (90.2%), specificity (90.4%), accuracy (90.4%), balanced accuracy (90.3%), and AUC (0.96).

Conclusions
Our proposed AI model with the selected features was able to predict the severity of COVID-19 accurately. We also made a web application so that anyone can access the model. We believe that sharing the AI model with the public will be helpful in validating and improving its performance.
Evolution of Grain and Seed Cleaning Equipment in Russia
Authors: Drincha V. M. , Tsench Yu. S. 
Published: March 2021

The authors determined that in the development of grain production technical support, the main role was played by such a system-forming factor as the transition of the country’s grain enterprises to private ownership. Over the past 30 years, private companies and individuals became grain owners (with the exception of a small share). The authors substantiated the necessity for the development of grain-seed cleaning equipment in Russia. They showed the relevance of developing a new scientific and technical policy in the field of machine development support for grain production and its optimal functioning.(Research purpose) To carry out an evolutionary analysis of grain and seed cleaning equipment development and functioning, to determine the main periods and system-forming factors of its development.(Materials and methods) The authors applied the historical-analytical method in addition to technical systems. As research objects, they studied the original works of domestic and foreign authors for more than 100 years: monographs, dissertations, reports of research institutions, machine testing stations protocols, scientific journals, conference materials, as well as descriptions for domestic and foreign patent documentation.(Results and discussion) They described the evolution of grain-seed cleaning equipment development over the past 150 years: from the simplest tools to complex machine systems of industrial flow technologies. The authors presented the main characteristics of grain-seed cleaning machines and indicators of grain mixtures separation by sieves processes at various stages.(Conclusions) The main system-forming factors influencing the technical support of grain production such as: socio-economic conditions; soil and climatic conditions; science and technology policy; organizational factors were revealed. They substantiated four stages of its development: the first (1870-1930) – the use of the simplest manual machines of foreign production; the second (1930-1950) – the birth of domestic production of grain-seed cleaning equipment; the third (1950-1991) – the transition from the use of separate machines to industrial flow technologies; the fourth (1991 – to the present) – the transition from traditional flow technology to a variety of technologies and machines.
Parameters Substantiation of Headers and Reaper-Headers for Various Classes Combine Harvesters in the Incomplete Loading Mode of the Thresher
Authors: Astaf'ev V. L. , Tashmukhamedov R. F. , Zhivul'ko U. V. 
Published: March 2021

The authors showed that in Kazakhstan northern region grain harvesters of 4, 5 and 6 classes did not provide the required level of productivity due to low yields. Longer harvesting period increased product losses. It was found that the harvesting machines were working in the incomplete loading mode of the thresher. The authors revealed the discrepancy between the standard sizes of the used reaping machines and regional zonal features.(Research purpose) To substantiate the parameters of headers and reaper-headers for combine harvesters in the incomplete loading mode of the thresher.(Materials and methods) The authors performed technical and economic calculations according to the criterion of operating costs for direct combining with a yield of 0.5 to 2.5 tons per hectare. The calculation was carried out for combine harvesters Vector-410 (class 4), Acros-550 (class 5), Essil-760 (class 6), aggregated with headers of different working widths.(Results and discussion) The authors determined that for the combine Vector-410 the rational width of the header was 9 meters in the yield range of 0.5-1.5 tons per hectare, and with a yield of 2.0-2.5 tons per hectare – 7-9 meters. For the combine Acros-550 the rational width of the reaper-header was 16 meters with a yield of 0.5-1.0 tons per hectare, with 1.5 tons per hectare - 9-12 meters, and with 2.0-2.5 tons per hectare – 7-9 meters. For the combine Essil-760 these values were 16; 12 and 9 meters respectively.(Conclusions) It was found that when comparing grain harvesters of 4, 5 and 6 classes with a yield of 0.5-2.0 tons per hectare, the lowest operating costs were provided by Acros-550 and Essil-760; with a yield of 2.0 tons per hectare - Vector-410; with a yield of 2.5 tons per hectare the Acros-550 was more effective.
Power Plants Based on a Steam Drive with a Working Body Closed Circulation
Authors: Mayorov V. A. , Shcherbakov V. F. 
Published: March 2021

The authors investigated the heat carriers thermodynamic characteristics and the power plant structural components, which ensured the efficient conversion of thermal energy into mechanical and electrical energy.(Research purpose) To conduct modeling for calculating the structure manufacturing technology and studying the power plant characteristics based on a steam engine with given energy parameters.(Materials and methods) The authors carried out mathematical modeling based on the heat and mass transfer laws. To create a prototype model of a steam engine, the recuperation principle based on the “liquid–vapor–liquid” cycle with the use of low-temperature heat carriers was used.(Results and discussion) The authors showed that double transformation of the aggregation state of the working body was much more efficient than its heating. They calculated the characteristics connecting the energy processes of low-temperature heat carriers vaporization (freon R-134a) in the radiator and engine. They revealed dependencies: the radiator heating time from 30 degrees Celsius (ambient temperature) to 100 degrees (maximum operating temperature) at different powers of the heating source (3; 4; 5 kilowatts); density and average density of steam in the radiator from temperature; the steam engine power and the freon steam consumption from the pressure of 0-3.97 megapascals.(Conclusions) The authors determined that the working steam amount, proportional to its density at a temperature of 90 degrees and a pressure of 3.6 megapascals, was 4.75 times less than the liquid freon amount, proportional to its density, at 100 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 3.97 megapascals, the working steam amount was 2 times less than liquid freon. They revealed a limited range of operating temperatures in a steam engine. It was proved that these calculation methods and characteristics determined the structural and energy parameters of the developed power plants based on a steam engine.
Design Requirements Substantiation for an Automated Planting Unit for Potato Minitubers
Authors: Dorokhov A. S. , Zernov V. N. , Petukhov S. N. 
Published: March 2021

The authors showed that the transition to the technology of virus-free minitubers mass production changed the machines requirements for planting original seed potatoes.(Research purpose) To develop a technological scheme and substantiate the design parameters of the planting apparatus of an automatic planter of potato minitubers.(Materials and methods) The development was based on an elevator-type planting apparatus. The authors decided to create a spoon design with the ability to grip and move into the guide casing one minituber in each spoon, eliminating the minitubers jumping from one spoon to another or pinching them when moving along the guiding casing to the furrow bottom. The diameters of the lower guide and upper drive rollers were theoretically substantiated in order to exclude the influence of the planting tubers sizes difference on the uniformity of their submitting into the furrow.(Results and discussion) The authors determined the minimum permissible elevator belt speed, which depended on the distance between the spoons on the elevator belt and the planting unit speed. The size of the upper driving reel diameter was justified from the condition that the spoon unfolded 180 degrees in at least 1.5 seconds, which ensured a tuber smooth transition to the back side of the spoon.(Conclusions) The authors developed a technological scheme of an automatic planting elevator type device for planting potato minitubers with a working speed of 6-9 kilometers per hour. It was found that the upper driving reel diameter was not less than 44 centimeters, and the lower guide roller diameter was not more than 12 centimeters. They showed that the double-sided design of scooping spoons with the possibility of installing replaceable bowls in them would ensure a high-quality planting of not only minitubers, but also subsequent reproductions of seed and ware potatoes with a tuber mass of 5-80 grams.
UMA INTERPRETAÇÃO TRANSDISCIPLINAR DO MUNDO SOCIAL
Authors: Claval Paul 
Published: March 2021

As ciências do homem e da sociedade diferem nos dados e documentos a partir dos quais elas abordam os fatos sociais e, pelos métodos que utilizam para os explorar, mas todas dizem respeito ao homem enquanto animal social: compartilham a mesma base transdisciplinar. Explora as dimensões ecológicas, técnicas, culturais, econômicas e políticas da vida coletiva. Essa plataforma comum tem sido explorada há muito tempo sob uma perspectiva que enfatizava o peso da economia na vida social: a abordagem era socioeconômica. Os trabalhos atuais focam mais na cultura: a abordagem se torna sociocultural. É sobre ela que vamos insistir.
Cardiopulmonary effects of an intravenous infusion of fentanyl in cats during isoflurane anesthesia and with concurrent acepromazine or dexmedetomidine administration during anesthetic recovery
Authors: Keating Stephanie C. J. , Kerr Carolyn L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the cardiopulmonary effects of IV administration of fentanyl to cats anesthetized with isoflurane and during anesthetic recovery with concurrent administration of acepromazine or dexmedetomidine.

ANIMALS
6 healthy adult cats.

PROCEDURES
Cats received an IV bolus (5 μg/kg) followed by an IV infusion (5 μg/kg/h) of fentanyl for 120 minutes during isoflurane anesthesia and for 30 minutes after discontinuing isoflurane. Cats were randomly assigned in a crossover study to receive acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) or dexmedetomidine (2.5 μg/kg), IV, when isoflurane was discontinued. Cardiopulmonary data were obtained during anesthesia and for 30 minutes during the anesthetic recovery period.

RESULTS
The administration of fentanyl during isoflurane anesthesia resulted in a transient increase in arterial blood pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and oxygen delivery. Compared with values during isoflurane anesthesia, administration of dexmedetomidine during anesthetic recovery resulted in significant decreases in cardiac index, stroke index, and oxygen delivery and significant increases in arterial, central venous, and mean pulmonary artery pressures; systemic vascular resistance index; and oxygen extraction ratio. Administration of acepromazine resulted in increases in heart rate, cardiac index, oxygen uptake, and oxygen extraction ratio. Oxygen extraction ratio did not differ between acepromazine and dexmedetomidine.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Fentanyl transiently improved indices of cardiopulmonary performance when administered to healthy cats anesthetized with isoflurane. The cardiovascular effects of acepromazine and dexmedetomidine in healthy cats receiving fentanyl during recovery from isoflurane anesthesia differed, but measured cardiopulmonary parameters remained within acceptable limits.
Repeatability and accuracy of fingertip pulse oximeters for measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in arterial blood and pulse rate in anesthetized dogs breathing 100% oxygen
Authors: Ambrisko Tamas D. , Dantino Stephanie C. , Keating Stephanie C. J. , Strahl-Heldreth Danielle E. , Sage Adrianna M. , Martins Felipe Da Costa , Harper Tisha A. M. , Wilkins Pamela A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the repeatability and accuracy of fingertip pulse oximeters (FPO) for measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in arterial blood and pulse rate (PR) in anesthetized dogs breathing 100% O2.

ANIMALS
29 healthy client-owned anesthetized dogs undergoing various surgical procedures.

PROCEDURES
In randomized order, each of 7 FPOs or a reference pulse oximeter (PO) was applied to the tongue of each intubated anesthetized dog breathing 100% O2. Duplicate measurements of oxygen saturation (Spo2) and PR were obtained within 60 seconds of applying an FPO or PO. A nonparametric version of Bland-Altman analysis was used. Coefficient of repeatability was the interval between the 5th and 95th percentiles of the differences between duplicate measurements. Bias was the median difference, and the limits of agreement were the 5th and 95th percentiles of the differences between each FPO and the PO. Acceptable values for the coefficient of repeatability of Spo2 were ≤ 6%. Agreements were accepted if the limits of agreement had an absolute difference of ≤ ± 3% in Spo2 and relative difference of ≤ ± 10% in PR.

RESULTS
Coefficient of repeatability for Spo2 was acceptable for 5 FPOs, but the limits of agreement for Spo2 were unacceptable for all FPOs. The limits of agreement for PR were acceptable for 2 FPOs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that some FPOs may be suitable for accurately monitoring PRs of healthy anesthetized dogs breathing 100% O2, but mild underestimation of Spo2 was common.