bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der „Paradigmenwechsel“ zur Einführung des Elterngeldes und seine Fehlkonstruktionen
Authors: Mayer Tilman , Rösler Wiebke 
Published: March 2021

The article analyses the political process concerning the implementation of the parental allowance (“Elterngeld”) and its currently measurable successes. It shows which players, political parties and scientists brought the income-based parental allowance on its way. A clear paradigm shift towards supporting working mothers cannot be observed due to the rather slight expansion of public child care and the implementation of care money (“Betreuungsgeld”) in 2013. Subsequently statistical records on the enlargement of public child care arrangements, the parental allowance, and the birth register are discussed. The period birth rate is stagnating at 1.4 children per woman, further postponement of births takes place and the number of late mothers increases.
Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag analysiert den Politikprozess zur Einführung des Elterngeldes. Dargelegt wird, welche Akteure, Parteien und Wissenschaftler die Einführung des Elterngeldes vorantrieben. Von einem wirklichen Paradigmenwechsel kann jedoch nicht die Rede sein: nicht nur, dass das einkommensabhängige Elterngeld in Westdeutschland verspätet eingeführt wurde; auch der Ausbau der öffentlichen Kinderbetreuung für unter 3-Jährige stockt. Das neu eingeführte Betreuungsgeld stellt aufgrund seiner geringen Höhe keinen Ausgleich der Opportunitätskosten. Der Beitrag diskutiert anschließend die Elterngeldstatistik und die Geburtenstatistik. Ein angemessenes Elterngeld beziehen vorrangig über 30-jährige Mütter sowie Frauen, die ihr erstes Kind bekommen. Die Geburtenrate stagniert bei 1,4 Kindern pro Frau, der Anteil der Spätgebärenden steigt.
Väterzeit – das Elterngeld als Beschleuniger von Gleichstellung?
Authors: Trappe Heike 
Published: March 2021

This contribution centres on men who claim parental leave benefits in the federal states of Bavaria, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Schleswig-Holstein. The analyses are based on register data collected by local authorities for children born between 2007 and 2009. First, it is asked about the determinants underlying the take-up of fathers’ parental leave benefits. Then, couples with different durations of fathers’ parental leave are investigated more closely. Fathers’ decision to take any parental leave follows essentially economic considerations within the couple. Female partners’ employment and their relative earnings have a positive impact. Couples where fathers’ parental leave exceeds the “daddy quota” represent quite a select group that has become smaller over time. Living in a non-marital union or in a large city, having more children as well as female partners’ particular situation (e.g., self-employment, in education) facilitate a longer parental leave of fathers.
Zusammenfassung
Im Zentrum des vorliegenden Beitrags steht der Elterngeldbezug von Vätern im Kontext der Partnerschaft in den Bundesländern Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Schleswig-Holstein. Grundlage der Analysen sind von den Elterngeldstellen erhobene Daten für zwischen 2007 und 2009 geborene Kinder. Es wird danach gefragt, welche Paare überhaupt einen Partnerantrag stellen und wodurch sich Paare mit unterschiedlicher Dauer des Elterngeldbezugs durch Väter voneinander unterscheiden. Die Entscheidung für einen Partnerantrag folgt im Wesentlichen aus ökonomischen Theorien abgeleiteten Erwartungen, denn eine Erwerbstätigkeit und ein hohes Einkommen der Frau begünstigen diese. Väter, bei denen der Elterngeldbezug mit einer über die „Bonusmonate“ hinausgehenden Elternzeit einhergeht, sind eine sehr selektive Gruppe, die im Zeitverlauf sogar kleiner geworden ist. Ein nichteheliches Zusammenleben, das Leben in einer Großstadt, eine höhere Anzahl von Kindern sowie eine spezifische Lebenssituation der Partnerin (z.B. selbstständige Tätigkeit, Beendigung einer Ausbildung) wirken sich positiv auf eine längere Elternzeit des Vaters aus.
Warum Pendeln nicht alle Probleme löst: Präferenzen für unterschiedliche Mobilitätsformen in „dual career“-Partnerschaften
Authors: Abraham Martin , Schönholzer Thess 
Published: March 2021

Dual career couples are facing the problem to coordinate the locations of their jobs and their residence. Especially if one person receives a job offer in a new region, the question of whether to move or to stay arises. In order to solve this problem, couples may decide to establish a commute routine for one partner. Increasing commuter ratios indicate that couples try to balance interests this way. We examine whether commuting is really a valid strategy to reduce the potential for conflicts in a partnership. Data from a factorial survey is used in which dual career couples were asked about identical experimentally varied situations. Results suggest that both individuals’ preferences for the commuting solution are influenced by the same factors, but that the potential commuter prefers the commuting solution less. Hence, commuting seems not to balance interests but, on the contrary, holds potential for new conflicts in dual career couples.
Zusammenfassung
Paare, in denen beide Partner einer Erwerbstätigkeit nachgehen, stehen grundsätzlich vor dem Problem, ihre Erwerbskarriere zeitlich wie örtlich koordinieren zu müssen. Insbesondere neue Arbeitsangebote in anderen Regionen erfolgen in der Regel nur für einen Partner und stellen für das Paar einen potenziellen Mobilitätskonflikt dar. Dieser könnte gelöst werden, indem zu der neuen Stelle gependelt und so der Haushaltsumzug vermieden wird. Wir untersuchen in diesem Beitrag, ob eine solche Strategie das Potenzial für eine einvernehmliche Lösung in einer Partnerschaft besitzt oder inwieweit sich daraus neue Interessenskonflikte ergeben können. Für die empirische Analyse dieser Frage wird auf ein faktorielles Design zurückgegriffen, mit dem beide Partner in „dual career“-Partnerschaften im Hinblick auf identische, experimentell variierte Situationen befragt werden. Es zeigt sich, dass der Wunsch nach einer Pendellösung zwar für beide Partner von denselben Einflussfaktoren beeinflusst wird, der pendelnde Partner aber deutlich schwächer ausgeprägte Präferenzen für diese Mobilitätsform besitzt. Der potenzielle Konflikt in der Paarbeziehung kann somit nicht einfach durch die Erhöhung des täglichen Arbeitsweges gelöst werden.
Myths and facts about online mate choice. Contemporary beliefs and empirical findings
Authors: Schmitz Andreas , Sachse-Thürer Susann , Zillmann Doreen , Blossfeld Hans-Peter 
Published: March 2021

With the increasing dissemination and usage of online mate choice, finding a partner via the Internet has attracted remarkable public attention in the last decade. Several, mostly negative prejudices toward online mate choice – especially regarding its risks and disadvantages – circulate constantly throughout the mass media and form public perceptions. This article presents common stereotypes on this (still) new phenomenon, derived from an investigation of newspapers online and offline, online guides, blogs, and discussion forums and confronts them with the empirical facts. Based on several descriptive analyses, we discuss whether and to what extent ten prevalent beliefs correspond to the empirical reality of finding a mate via the Internet in Germany.
Zusammenfassung
Mit ihrer wachsenden Verbreitung ist die Partnerwahl im Internet zu einem bemerkenswerten Gegenstand des öffentlichen Diskurses geworden. Viele, meist negativ konnotierte Annahmen über die Eigenschaften und den Ablauf der Partnerwahl im Internet, insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer Risiken und Nachteile, zirkulieren heute in den Medien und beeinflussen deren öffentliche Wahrnehmung. In diesem Beitrag präsentieren wir weit verbreitete Stereotype zum (immer noch) neuen Phänomen der Partnerwahl im Internet. Diese Klischees und Vorurteile, die in (Online-) Zeitungen und Zeitschriften, Online-Ratgebern, Blogs und Diskussionsforen recherchiert wurden, werden mit empirischen Fakten konfrontiert. Basierend auf verschiedenen deskriptiven Analysen diskutieren wir, ob bzw. inwieweit zehn populäre Vorstellungen mit der empirischen Realität der digitalen Partnersuche in Deutschland übereinstimmen.
Die Beziehung zwischen Familienrecht und Human-/Sozialwissenschaften am Beispiel des Kindschaftsrechts
Authors: Salgo Ludwig 
Published: March 2021

The relationship between the law of parent and child and the humanities/social sciences seems to be so obvious that a clarification and systematization of this relationship is regarded as unnecessary. The call for an integration of the humanities and the social sciences in legal studies and legal practice was very pronounced during the 1980s and 1990s. This integration has been partially realized back then, but was revoked later on. The need for taking findings from the humanities and social sciences in law studies, legislation, and legal practice into account is more relevant now than it was ever before. In the present treatise, only the disciplines’ interwoven areas pertaining to the law of parent and child can be identified. Regarding the law of parent and child, there is reasonable hope that legislation and legal practice by means of drawing on and integrating humanities’ and social sciences’ methods and knowledge bases may be able to find alternatives that meet the best interest of the child (or at least constitute the least detrimental alternative).
Zusammenfassung
Die Beziehung zwischen Kindschaftsrecht und den Human-/Sozialwissenschaften ist so offensichtlich, dass eine Klärung und Systematisierung dieses Verhältnisses überflüssig schien. Der Ruf nach einer Integration der Human- und Sozialwissenschaften in Rechtswissenschaft und in Rechtsanwendung war in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts en vogue; sie wurde in Ansätzen verwirklicht, aber auch wieder zurückgenommen. Die Notwendigkeit, Erkenntnisse der Human-/Sozialwissenschaften in der Familienrechtswissenschaft, der Gesetzgebung und der Rechtspraxis zu beachten, ist aktueller denn je. In dieser Abhandlung können lediglich die Berührungsbereiche am Beispiel des Kindschaftsrechts aufgezeigt werden. Für das Kindschaftsrecht besteht die berechtigte Hoffnung, dass Gesetzgebung und Rechtsanwendung unter Heranziehung und Einbeziehung human-/sozialwissenschaftlicher Methoden und Wissensbestände noch am ehesten eine dem Wohl des Kindes am besten gerecht werdende ‒ besser: eine dem Wohl des Kindes am wenigsten schädliche ‒ Alternative finden.
PERBANDINGAN BIAYA PEMAKAIAN LISTRIK MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM PASCABAYAR DENGAN SISTEM PRABAYAR PADA LISTRIK RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Gusti Putri Amelia , Wadjdi Faried , Soeprijanto  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the behaviour of electricity consumption on a postpay system, the behaviour of electricity consumption on a prepaid system, and get a cost comparison analysis data of electricity consumption on a postpay system with prepaid system on household electricity. The population of this research is 30 consumers of postpay system 1300 VA and 30 consumers of prepaid system 1300 VA in RW 07 Tomang Grogol Petamburan District West Jakarta by using qualitative research methods to the behaviour the behaviour of electricity consumption on a postpay system, and thebehaviour of electricity consumption on a prepaid system, and quantitative research methods to get a cost comparison analysis data of electricity consumption on a postpay system with prepaid system on household electricity. This research instruments used analog kWh meter, digital kWh meter, field observation, questionnaire, calculations, and documentation. The average of electricity consumption on a postpay system 1300 VA is Rp 499.343. The average of electricity consumption on a prepaid system 1300 VA is Rp 382.935. To test the hypothesis in this research used test requirements, is normality test, homogeneity test, and t-test. The result is t-./0!1 < t/3456or 1,224 < 2,00172, it’s mean there isn’t difference in cost of electricity consumption on a postpay system 1300 VA and cost of electricity consumption on a prepaid system by comparison 1:1.

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku pemakaian listrik menggunakan sistem pascabayar, perilaku pemakaian listrik menggunakan sistem prabayar, dan mendapatkan data analisis perbandingan biaya pemakaian listrik menggunakan sistem pascabayar dengan sistem prabayar pada listrik rumah tangga. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 30 konsumen listrik sistem pascabayar 1300 VA dan 30 konsumen listrik prabayar di RW 07 Kelurahan Tomang Kecamatan Grogol Petamburan Jakarta Barat dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk perilaku pemakaian listrik menggunakan sistem pascabayar dan perilaku pemakaian listrik menggunakan sistem prabayar, dan metode penelitian kuantitatif untuk data analisis perbandingan biaya pemakaian listrik menggunakan sistem pascabayar dengan sistem prabayar. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kWh meter analog, kWh meter digital, observasi lapangan, kuesioner, perhitungan, dan dokumentasi. Hasil rata-rata biaya hasil observasi listrik pascabayar 1300 VA adalah Rp 499.343. Hasil rata-rata biaya hasil observasi listrik prabayar 1300 VA adalah Rp 382.935. Untuk menguji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini digunakan uji persyaratan, yaitu uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji-t. Didapatkan t-./0!1 < t/3456atau 1,224 < 2,00172 yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan biaya hasil observasi listrik pascabayar 1300 VA dan biaya hasil observasi listrik prabayar 1300 VA dengan perbandingan 1:1.
observasi listrik prabayar 1300 VA dengan perbandingan 1:1
PENGARUH KETEBALAN BATU ANDESIT TERHADAP KELUARAN TERMOELEKTRIK
Authors: Nugraha Ary Akbar , Massus Subekti  , Imam Arif Rahardjo  
Published: March 2021

Abstract.
This research aimed to create and utilize video-based learning media on motor control course and also to determine whether the video-based learning media on motor control course is effective or not. The making of the video-based learning media using several stages, namely, literature study, analysis needs, product planning, product making, instrument making feasibility and feasibility studies that are conducted by the experts, media specialists and students in order to determine the feasibility of the media created. Furthermore, to test the effectiveness of video-based learning media on motor control course, students are given the post- test questions that the validity and reliability have previously been tested by using an experimental model.
The results of the feasibility test got a score > 80%, subject experts got a score of 94.23%, media experts 91,66%, and students 86.13%. The results of the feasibility test obtained, video-based learning media on motor control course is said to be very good and fit for use as a media of learning. The average value of students post test using a video-based learning media is 83, while students who do not use a video-based learning media have an average of 80.56. These data showed that value of post test results of motor control course that uses video-based learning media is higher than value of post test results that does not use a video-based learning media. The difference in post test results show that a video-based learning media on motor control course is an effective media of learning.
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketebalan batu andesit terhadap keluaran termoelektrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini ialah ketebalan batu andesit. Ketebalan batu andesit yang digunakan yaitu ketebalan 1 cm, 2 cm, dan 3 cm. Penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian laju kalor konduksi dan keluaran termoelektrik berdasarkan ketebalan batu andesit. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi laboratorium dan observasi lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa batu andesit ketebalan 1 cm menghasilkan laju kalor konduksi tertinggi dibandingkan ketebalan 2 cm dan 3 cm. Begitu juga dengan keluaran yang dihasilkan termoelektrik. Batu andesit ketebalan batu 1 cm menghasilkan keluaran paling besar dibandingkan ketebalan batu 2 cm dan 3 cm. Tegangan keluaran V0 (tanpa beban) dan V1 (dengan hambatan 100 ohm) yang dihasilkan termoelektrik pada ketebalan batu 1 cm berturut- turut sebesar 1.40 V dan 1.08 V, ketebalan batu 2 cm sebesar 1.37 V dan 0.98 V, dan ketebalan batu 3 cm sebesar 1.22 V dan 0.94 V. Berdasarkan hasil data pengujian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh ketebalan batu andesit terhadap keluaran termoelektrik.
Biconvex Patellar Components
Authors: Hines Jeremy T. , Lewallen David G. , Perry Kevin I. , Taunton Michael J. , Pagnano Mark W. , Abdel Matthew P. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The optimal strategy to address osseous deficiencies of the patella during revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. One possible solution is a cemented biconvex patellar component used such that the non-articular convexity both improves fixation and makes up for bone loss. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of the use of biconvex patellar components in a large series of revision TKAs.

Methods:
From 1996 to 2014, 262 revision TKAs were performed at a single institution using a biconvex patellar component. Implant survivorship, clinical and radiographic results, and complications were assessed. The mean patient age at the TKA revision was 69 years, and 53% of the patients were female. The mean follow-up was 7 years.

Results:
The 10-year survivorship free of revision of the biconvex patellar component due to aseptic loosening was 96%. The 10-year survivorship free of any revision of the biconvex patellar component was 87%. The 10-year survivorship free of any rerevision and free of any reoperation was 75% and 70%, respectively. The mean Knee Society Score (KSS) improved from 45.4 before the index revision to 67.7 after it. The mean residual composite thickness seen on the most recent radiographs was 18.1 mm. In addition to the complications leading to revision, the most common complications were periprosthetic patellar fracture (6%), of which 3 required revision; superficial wound infection (6%) requiring antibiotic therapy only or irrigation and debridement; and arthrofibrosis (3%).

Conclusions:
In this cohort of 262 revision TKAs, biconvex patellar components used to treat marked patellar bone loss demonstrated excellent durability with a 10-year survivorship free of patellar rerevision due to aseptic loosening of 96%. The biconvex patellar components were reliable as evidenced by substantial improvements in clinical outcomes scores and a low risk of complications.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impact of Relaxation of Low-Sulfate Seawater Parameters on Scaling Risk
Authors: Al Kalbani Mandhr , Al Shabibi Hatem , Ishkov Oleg , Silva Duarte , Mackay Eric , Baraka-Lokmane Salima , Pedenaud Pierre 
Published: March 2021

SummaryInjection of low-sulfate seawater (LSSW) instead of untreated full-sulfate seawater (FSSW) is widely used to mitigate barium sulfate scaling risk at the production wells. LSSW injection may no longer be required when the barium concentrations in the produced water drop below a certain threshold. Such a trigger value could be estimated from the barium sulfate precipitation tendency. Relaxation of requirements for the sulfate reduction plant (SRP) can significantly reduce operational costs. This study investigates the impact of several parameters on the timing and degree of relaxation of the output sulfate concentration by the SRP. Finally, the optimal switching strategy is proposed for a field case.The strategy for switching from LSSW to FSSW (e.g., time and method; direct or gradual increase in the sulfate concentration) was initially investigated using generic 2D areal and vertical models. The sensitivity study included the impact of reservoir heterogeneity and the initial barium and sulfate ion concentrations. Findings were later applied on a full-field reservoir simulation model followed by a mineral scale prediction software to investigate the specific switching strategy for a field that has multiple wells and significantly more complex heterogeneity.The results show that barium concentrations in the formation brine affect the choice of switching time more than the output sulfate concentration produced by the SRP. The degree of heterogeneity around the producers also has a significant impact on the switching time. Another parameter is the contrast in the permeability between layers; higher contrast allows a longer period of coproduction of the scaling ions and thus delays the switching time. In the field case, switching to FSSW at early times allows higher consumption of barium ions because of its in-situ precipitation. Barium is no longer a limiting ion, and so a higher degree of deep reservoir precipitation reduces the requirement for prolonged LSSW injection. Another strategy is a gradual relaxation of LSSW output, which allows even earlier buildup of the injected sulfate concentration compared with the direct FSSW switch.The study investigates the reservoir parameters that affect sulfate relaxation of LSSW injection for a field. After the proposed workflow, the optimal relaxation strategy can be designed for other field cases.
miR-124-3p enhances dendritic cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity by targeting CYLD/4-1BBL pathway
Authors: Li Wujin , Lei Yujie , Chen Yangming , Chen Kai , Huang Yunchao , Jiang Guicheng , Zhang Jiguang , Guo Longhua , Lin Xing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs play important roles in dendritic cell (DCs)-mediated immunity, but their specific functions in lung cancer remain unclear.Objective: To investigate miR-124-3p regulation of DC-mediated immune response via CYLD/4-1BBL pathway, and the inhibitory effect of miR-124-3p on lung cancer.Methods: DCs were cultured and amplified in vitro, and then transfected with miR-124-3p mimic, miR-124-3P inhibitor, or siRNA CYLD. Double luciferase reporter genes were used to detect the target relationship between miR-124-3p and CYLD. qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of CYLD and 4-1BBL. Flow cytometry was used to assess the proliferation rate of CD4+ T cells co-cultured with untransfected DCs and those transfected with miR-124-3p mimic or miR-124-3p inhibitor. C57BL/6 tumor bearing mice, implanted with LL/2 lung adenocarcinoma cells, were administered DCs transfected with the miR-124-3p mimic or untransfected DCs. The tumor size and weight of mice were then measured. Results: miR-124-3p and CYLD3’UTR contained target-binding site, and overexpression of miR-124-3p enhanced the expression of CYLD and 4-1BBL. CD4+ T cells co-cultured with miR-124-3p mimic-transfected DCs showed significantly increased proliferation. In tumor-bearing mice, tumor inhibition rate was 73.5%, and tumor volume and weight were significantly decreased after the administration of DCs containing the miR-124-3p mimic.Conclusions: The expression of CYLD was regulated by miR-124-3p, which, in turn, increased the expression of 4-1BBL. miR-124-3p regulated DCs function via CYLD/4-1BBL cascade. miR-124-3p plays important roles in DCs-induced T cells, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity.