bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Microorganisms in the Removal of Nitrates and Sulfates on Artistic Stoneworks
Authors: Ranalli Giancarlo , Zanardini Elisabetta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter will focus on the role of microorganisms in the removal of nitrates and sulfates on artistic stoneworks. The main groups of microbes and their metabolisms involved in bioremoval methods for the preservation and protection of cultural artifacts are reported. The aim is to offer a comprehensive view on the role and potentiality of virtuous microorganisms in the biocleaning and bioremoval of black crusts and salts altering CH stoneworks. We highlight the importance of the use of the selected microorganisms and the adoption of adequate carriers for the anaerobic metabolism of nitrate and sulfate reducers to be applied on the altered stone surfaces. The following characteristics of the delivery system are of great importance: the ability to guarantee water content for microbes, the absence of toxicity for the environment, no negative effects to the stone surfaces, easy to prepare, to apply, and to remove from different stone surfaces at the end of the treatment. We report an overview of the last 30 years on the biocleaning processes including diagnostic studies of the alterations, the assessment of associated risks, the effectiveness and efficacy of the proposed method, and the evaluation in terms of economic and environmental sustainability.
Novel Antibiofilm Non-Biocidal Strategies
Authors: Cappitelli Francesca , Villa Federica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSubaerial biofilm (SAB) formation on cultural heritage objects is often considered an undesirable process in which microorganisms and their by-products, e.g., enzymes and pigments, cause damage or alteration to a surface. Since biofilms are widespread phenomena, there has been a high demand for preventive and control strategies that resist their formation or reduce their negative effects once formed. Up to date, the main strategy to control biofilms has been the use of biocides. Because of their intrinsic properties, biocidal products can pose risks to humans, animals, and the environment. In this chapter, the authors call “green” only those alternative strategies to biocides able to prevent/control biofilms but that do not kill microorganisms, i.e., irrespective of the use of natural compounds. Here, we describe some of the methods that are most commonly used to test the effectiveness of antibiofilm compounds with multiple-species biofilm model systems. A unified terminology and well described protocols and guidelines are still required to compare and test the effectiveness of traditional or novel compounds against biofilms retrieved on heritage surfaces.
SuperTracer: a calculator of functional supertraces for one-loop EFT matching
Authors: Fuentes-Martín Javier , König Matthias , Pagès Julie , Thomsen Anders Eller , Wilsch Felix 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present SuperTracer, a Mathematica package aimed at facilitating the functional matching procedure for generic UV models. This package automates the most tedious parts of one-loop functional matching computations. Namely, the determination and evaluation of all relevant supertraces, including loop integration and Dirac algebra manipulations. The current version of SuperTracer also contains a limited set of output simplifications. However, a further reduction of the output to a minimal basis using Fierz identities, integration by parts, simplification of Dirac structures, and/or light field redefinitions might still be necessary. The code and example notebooks are publicly available at "Image missing".1
Second order chiral kinetic theory under gravity and antiparallel charge-energy flow
Authors: Hayata Tomoya , Hidaka Yoshimasa , Mameda Kazuya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We derive the chiral kinetic theory under the presence of a gravitational Riemann curvature. It is well-known that in the chiral kinetic theory there inevitably appears a redundant ambiguous vector corresponding to the choice of the Lorentz frame. We reveal that on top of this conventional frame choosing vector, higher-order quantum correction to the chiral kinetic theory brings an additional degrees of freedom to specify the distribution function. Based on this framework, we derive new types of fermionic transport, that is, the charge current and energy-momentum tensor induced by the gravitational Riemann curvature. Such novel phenomena arise not only under genuine gravity but also in a (pseudo-)relativistic fluid, for which inhomogeneous vorticity or temperature are effectively represented by spacetime metric tensor. It is especially found that the charge and energy currents are antiparallelly induced by an inhomogeneous fluid vorticity (more generally, by the Ricci tensor R0i), as a consequence of the spin-curvature coupling. We also briefly discuss possible applications to Weyl/Dirac semimetals and heavy-ion collision experiments.
Hydrodynamic magneto-transport in charge density wave states
Authors: Amoretti Andrea , Areán Daniel , Brattan Daniel K. , Magnoli Nicodemo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper we study the dynamical properties of charged systems immersed in an external magnetic field and perturbed by a set of scalar operators breaking translations either spontaneously or pseudo-spontaneously. By combining hydrodynamic and quantum field theory arguments we provide analytic expressions for all the hydrodynamic transport coefficients relevant for the diffusive regime in terms of thermodynamic quantities and DC thermo-electric conductivities. This includes the momentum dissipation rate. We shed light on the role of the momentum dissipation rate in the transition between the pseudo-spontaneous and the purely explicit regimes in this class of systems. Finally, we clarify several relations between the hydrodynamic transport coefficients which have been observed in the holographic literature of charge density wave models.
Stochastic quantization on Lorentzian manifolds
Authors: Kuipers Folkert 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We embed Nelson’s theory of stochastic quantization in the Schwartz-Meyer second order geometry framework. The result is a non-perturbative theory of quantum mechanics on (pseudo-)Riemannian manifolds. Within this approach, we derive stochastic differential equations for massive spin-0 test particles charged under scalar potentials, vector potentials and gravity. Furthermore, we derive the associated Schrödinger equation. The resulting equations show that massive scalar particles must be conformally coupled to gravity in a theory of quantum gravity. We conclude with a discussion of some prospects of the stochastic framework.
Search for sub-millicharged particles at J-PARC
Authors: Kim Jeong Hwa , Hwang In Sung , Yoo Jae Hyeok 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe studied the feasibility of an experiment searching for sub-millicharged particles (χs) using 30 GeV proton fixed-target collisions at J-PARC. The detector is composed of two layers of stacked scintillator bars and PMTs and is proposed to be installed 280 m from the target. The main background is a random coincidence between two layers due to dark counts in PMTs, which can be reduced to a negligible level using the timing of the proton beam. WithNPOT= 1022which corresponds to running the experiment for three years, the experiment provides sensitivity toχs with the charge down to 5×10−5inmχ<0.2 GeV/c2and 8×10−4inmχ<1.6 GeV/c2. This is the regime largely uncovered by previous experiments. We also explored a few detector designs to achieve optimal sensitivity toχs. The photoelectron yield is the main driver, but the sensitivity does not have a strong dependence on detector configuration in the sub-millicharge regime.
Characterization of effects of genetic variants via genome-scale metabolic modelling
Authors: Tong Hao , Küken Anika , Razaghi-Moghadam Zahra , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGenome-scale metabolic networks for model plants and crops in combination with approaches from the constraint-based modelling framework have been used to predict metabolic traits and design metabolic engineering strategies for their manipulation. With the advances in technologies to generate large-scale genotyping data from natural diversity panels and other populations, genome-wide association and genomic selection have emerged as statistical approaches to determine genetic variants associated with and predictive of traits. Here, we review recent advances in constraint-based approaches that integrate genetic variants in genome-scale metabolic models to characterize their effects on reaction fluxes. Since some of these approaches have been applied in organisms other than plants, we provide a critical assessment of their applicability particularly in crops. In addition, we further dissect the inferred effects of genetic variants with respect to reaction rate constants, abundances of enzymes, and concentrations of metabolites, as main determinants of reaction fluxes and relate them with their combined effects on complex traits, like growth. Through this systematic review, we also provide a roadmap for future research to increase the predictive power of statistical approaches by coupling them with mechanistic models of metabolism.
HTwitt: a hadoop-based platform for analysis and visualization of streaming Twitter data
Authors: Demirbaga Umit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwitter produces a massive amount of data due to its popularity that is one of the reasons underlying big data problems. One of those problems is the classification of tweets due to use of sophisticated and complex language, which makes the current tools insufficient. We present our framework HTwitt, built on top of the Hadoop ecosystem, which consists of a MapReduce algorithm and a set of machine learning techniques embedded within a big data analytics platform to efficiently address the following problems: (1) traditional data processing techniques are inadequate to handle big data; (2) data preprocessing needs substantial manual effort; (3) domain knowledge is required before the classification; (4) semantic explanation is ignored. In this work, these challenges are overcome by using different algorithms combined with a Naïve Bayes classifier to ensure reliability and highly precise recommendations in virtualization and cloud environments. These features make HTwitt different from others in terms of having an effective and practical design for text classification in big data analytics. The main contribution of the paper is to propose a framework for building landslide early warning systems by pinpointing useful tweets and visualizing them along with the processed information. We demonstrate the results of the experiments which quantify the levels of overfitting in the training stage of the model using different sizes of real-world datasets in machine learning phases. Our results demonstrate that the proposed system provides high-quality results with a score of nearly 95% and meets the requirement of a Hadoop-based classification system.
Response mechanism of ♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus lanceolatus under low-temperature and waterless stresses using TMT proteomic analysis
Authors: Fan Xiuping , Guo Qiaoyu , Zhang Jiasheng , Du Huan , Qin Xiaoming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂Epinephelus lanceolatus, a hybrid grouper created from artificial breeding, has been widely developed over the past decades. However, the study focusing on lukewarm high-protein-content fish species using advanced techniques has rarely been reported. In this work, the TMT (tandem mass tag)-assisted technique was employed to explore its differentially expressed proteins and response mechanisms under low-temperature dormant and waterless stresses. Our findings suggest that 162 and 258 differentially expressed proteins were identified under low-temperature dormant and waterless stresses, respectively. The waterless preservation treatment further identifies 93 differentially expressed proteins. The identified proteins are categorized and found to participate in lipid metabolism, glycometabolism, oxidative stress, immune response, protein and amino acid metabolism, signal transduction, and other functions. Accordingly, the factors that affect the response mechanisms are highlighted to provide new evidences at protein level.
One-splint versus two-splint technique in orthognathic surgery for class III asymmetry: comparison of patient-centred outcomes
Authors: Ng Jing Hao , Chen Ying-An , Hsieh Yuh-Jia , Yao Chuan-Fong , Liao Yu-Fang , Chen Yu-Ray 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Two-jaw orthognathic surgery (OGS) is done using either the one-splint technique with free-hand positioning of the maxillomandibular complex or the two-splint technique with intermediate splints to position the maxilla. It is uncertain which technique achieves better outcomes. This study compares frontal soft tissue symmetry and subjective patient QoL between one-splint and two-splint techniques in skeletal Class III asymmetry patients undergoing OGS with three-dimensional surgical planning.

Materials and methods
This retrospective case-control study comprised 34 one-splint and 46 two-splint OGS patients. Frontal photographs and Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) were done pre- and post-treatment. Frontal soft tissue symmetry was analysed with the anthropometric Facial Symmetry Index. Measurements were compared with t-tests and chi-squared tests with p-value set at 0.05.

Results
The groups differed in pre-treatment ANB and OQLQ scores. The two-splint group showed significant improvement in all symmetry measures. The one-splint group showed significant improvement in all symmetry measures except midface deviation, upper contour deviation and the Facial Contour Symmetry Index. Both groups showed significant improvement in OQLQ scores. There were no significant differences in post-treatment symmetry measurements and OQLQ scores between groups.

Conclusions
Although two-splint technique may better improve contour symmetry, there were no significant differences in frontal soft tissue symmetry and QoL after OGS in skeletal Class III asymmetry with either one-splint or two-splint technique, with both techniques resulting in significant improvement.

Clinical relevance
One-splint and two-splint surgical techniques produce similar patient-centred outcomes in Class III asymmetry patients.
Effects of acute pain and strain of the periodontium due to orthodontic separation on the occlusal tactile acuity of healthy individuals
Authors: Bucci Rosaria , Koutris Michail , Simeon Vittorio , Lobbezoo Frank , Michelotti Ambrosina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess whether pain and strain of the periodontal ligament (PDL), induced by orthodontic separation, alter the somatosensory ability to perceive small thicknesses between occluding teeth (occlusal tactile acuity, OTA).

Methods
The OTA was tested at baseline (T0), using 9 aluminum foils (range 8–72 μm), randomly placed between the molar teeth, and 1 sham test (without foil), asking the participants whether they felt the foil between their teeth. Afterwards, orthodontic separators were placed, and subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups: Group Pain (GP: 18 males; 14 females mean age 25.22 ± 2.28 years) had separators removed after 24 h; Group Strain (GS: 14 males; 17 females, mean age 24.03 ± 3.06 years) had separators removed after 7 days. The OTA measurement was repeated in both groups immediately after orthodontic separators removal (T1). A within-group comparison (T1 vs T0) was performed for each testing thickness (ANOVA for repeated measurements, with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing) (p < 0.005).

Results
GP showed statistically significant reduction of the OTA at T1, as compared to T0, for the thicknesses 24 μm (p = 0.004) and 32 μm (p = 0.001). No significant reduction was observed in GS (all p > 0.005).

Conclusions
Acute periodontal pain tends to disturb the tactile ability of the teeth, while strain of the PDL in absence of painful sensation determines a return to OTA baseline values.

Clinical relevance
The reduction of OTA might explain the uncomfortable occlusal sensation referred by patients during acute periodontal pain.
Optimized PD-L1 scoring of gastric cancer
Authors: Schoemig-Markiefka Birgid , Eschbach Jana , Scheel Andreas H. , Pamuk Aylin , Rueschoff Josef , Zander Thomas , Buettner Reinhard , Schroeder Wolfgang , Bruns Christiane J. , Loeser Heike , Alakus Hakan , Quaas Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
PD-1/PD-L1-Immunotherapy has been approved for gastric carcinoma. PD-L1 assessment by immunohistochemistry is the principle biomarker. Are biopsies able to map the actual PD-L1 status of the entire tumor?

Methods
Whole tumor slides of 56 gastric carcinoma were analyzed to determine the distribution of PD-L1 positive cells in the entire tumor areas. Tissue micro arrays with four cores of the tumor surface, which represents the endoscopically accessible biopsy zone, were built from the same tumors. The PD-L1 CPS value was determined separately for each core. Preoperative diagnostic biopsies were available for 22 of the tumors. PD-L1 prevalence, sensitivity and specificity were analyzed using the whole tumor slides as reference scores. Molecular subtyping was performed and related to the PD-L1 status.

Results
27.3% of cases were PD-L1 negative (CPS < 1), 43.6% showed low PD-L1 expression (CPS ≥ 1 to < 5), 12.7% moderate (CPS ≥ 5 to < 10) and 16.4% strong expression (CPS ≥ 10).
The biopsies showed best test characteristics if four surface biopsies were analyzed combined, i.e., the CPS was calculated across all four biopsies. The prevalence showed a distribution similar to the resection specimens, sensitivity was 0.73 and specificity 1.0. Using fewer surface biopsies decreased sensitivity and specificity and caused false-negative classifications. Compared to the TMAs, the preoperative biopsies showed reduced sensitivity (0.412).

Conclusions
This is the first comprehensive study to optimize PD-L1 assessment in gastric cancer using endoscopically available tissue. The obtained PD-L1 prevalence is consistent with data of current clinical studies. Calculation of the test characteristics shows that surface biopsies can be indicative of the true PD-L1 status based on the resection specimen. However, an adequate number of biopsies is required. In this study, n = 4 biopsies yielded best results.
Patient-caregiver agreement and test–retest reliability of the EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-Y-5L in paediatric patients with haematological malignancies
Authors: Zhou Wenjing , Shen Anle , Yang Zhihao , Wang Pei , Wu Bin , Herdman Michael , Luo Nan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
In 2019, the EuroQol Group developed a ‘beta’ 5-level version of EQ-5D-Y (Y-5L) by increasing the number of descriptive levels to five for each health dimension, as compared to the standard 3-level EQ-5D-Y (Y-3L).

Objective
To assess patient-caregiver agreement and test–retest reliability of the Y-5L and Y-3L in paediatric patients with haematological malignancies.

Methods
Paediatric inpatients aged 8–17 years were interviewed with the Y-5L and Y-3L questionnaires twice, while their caregivers were interviewed at the same time using the proxy versions of the questionnaires. Patient-caregiver agreement and test–retest reliability were assessed using Gwet’s agreement coefficient (Gwet’s AC1) for EQ-5D dimensions and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the EQ VAS.

Results
Ninety-six patient-caregiver dyads participated in the study. Patient-caregiver agreement on the EQ-5D-Y descriptive system was moderate to good for both the Y-3L and Y-5L, but poor on the EQ VAS. Test–retest reliability of the descriptive system was good to very good for the Y-3L and moderate to good for the Y-5L in children, and fair to good for both versions of EQ-5D-Y in proxies. The EQ VAS showed good test–retest reliability in both children and caregivers. In a subgroup analysis of results in younger patients aged 8–10 years, patient-caregiver agreement and test–retest reliability were also observed to range from moderate to very good.

Conclusion
Both the Y-3L and Y-5L descriptive systems showed acceptable patient-caregiver agreement and test–retest reliability when used to assess the HRQoL of children and adolescents with haematological malignancies, including in younger patients.
Did the Paycheck Protection Program and Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program get disbursed to minority communities in the early stages of COVID-19?
Authors: Fairlie Robert , Fossen Frank M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial distancing restrictions and health- and economic-driven demand shifts from COVID-19 shut down many small businesses with especially negative impacts on minority owners. Is there evidence that the unprecedented federal government response to help small businesses—the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and the related COVID-19 Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL)—which had a stated goal of helping disadvantaged groups, was disbursed evenly to minority communities? In this descriptive research note, we provide the first detailed analysis of how the 2020 PPP and EIDL funds were disbursed across minority communities in the country. From our analysis of data on the universe of loans from these programs and administrative data on employer firms, we generally find a slightly positive relationship between PPP loan receipt per business and the minority share of the population or businesses, although funds flowed to minority communities later than to communities with lower minority shares. PPP loan amounts per employee, however, are negatively related to the minority share of the population. The EIDL program, in contrast, both in numbers per business and amounts per employee, was distributed positively to minority communities.
Return to work of breast cancer survivors: toward an integrative and transactional conceptual model
Authors: Porro Bertrand , Durand Marie-José , Petit Audrey , Bertin Mélanie , Roquelaure Yves 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo propose a conceptual framework of the return to work (RTW) of breast cancer survivors (BCS) according to the transactional perspective.MethodsThe Technique for Research of Information by Animation of a Group of Experts was implemented. For each determinant in an initial list established from the literature, experts selected for the consensus exercise were firstly asked to indicate their agreement level individually, via an online questionnaire. Determinants obtaining an agreement level of 80% or over during this first phase were retained. Determinants obtaining an agreement level below 80%, and additional determinants proposed by the experts, were then discussed collectively. After discussion, experts voted via a new online questionnaire to retain (or not) each determinant. Determinants obtaining an agreement level of 80% or over after this second phase were retained. Based on the determinants selected, a conceptual model was developed following the transactional approach.ResultsEleven experts participated in the study. Forty of the 51 determinants listed initially from the literature achieved an agreement level over 80%, and 20 were added after the individual consultation phase. Twenty-two of the 31 determinants discussed collectively were retained. In total, 62 determinants were selected to construct the conceptual model.ConclusionsThis integrative, operational, and transactional conceptual model of the RTW of BCS, constructed following an expert consensus, will help to design more efficient patient-centered intervention studies.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsIdentification of the 62 determinants associated with the RTW of BCS will help design tools that are easily used by all stakeholders involved in the RTW process.