bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel device for trace metal‐clean sampling of bottom water and suspended particles at the ocean's lower boundary: The Benthic Trace Profiler
Authors: Plass Anna , Retschko Anna‐Kathrin , Türk Matthias , Fischer Tim , Scholz Florian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe benthic boundary layer plays a crucial role in the exchange of trace metals between surface sediments and the water column. So far it has been difficult to study dissolved–particulate interactions of trace metals in this highly reactive interface layer due to the lack of suitable sampling methods. We developed a new device, called Benthic Trace Profiler (BTP), which enables simultaneous sampling of near‐bottom water and suspended particles in high depth resolution within the first 3 m above the seafloor. The device was tested successfully in the Baltic Sea. The concentrations of several trace metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd) in the collected bottom waters overlapped with concentrations in water column samples above collected with conventional methods. This observation indicates that the sampling device and method is trace metal clean. The trace metals Fe and Mn showed concentration gradients within the benthic boundary layer indicating an upward diffusive flux. This observation is consistent with a diffusive benthic flux of these trace metals across the sediment–water interface, which was independently verified using pore‐water profiles. Suspended particles can be used to study precipitation processes and to determine the carrier phases of trace metals. The BTP fulfilled all the intended requirements as it allowed a simultaneous, uncontaminating and oxygen‐free sampling of seawater and suspended particles to gather high‐resolution profiles of dissolved and particulate trace metal concentrations above the seafloor. The device closes the gap between water column and sediment sampling and helps researchers to better understand trace metal exchange processes across the ocean's lower boundary.
Recent Progress in Macromolecular Design and Synthesis of Bile Acid‐Based Polymeric Architectures
Authors: Sahoo Subhasish , Ghosh Pooja , Khan Md Ezaz Hasan , De Priyadarsi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMacromolecular engineering presents a pleasant tactic for planning the construction of desired molecular architectures from nano to macro configurations. The mechanistic pathways and synthetic features of macromolecular designs mostly rely on the precursor composition, topology, functionality, and complexity in architectures. Specifically, macromolecular design with biomolecular conjugation has attracted remarkable attention due to its typical biochemical and physiological affirmative traits. In this review article, it is intended to highlight the major progress on the macromolecular designs and synthesis of polymers comprising bile acid (BA) as the biomolecular colleague. BAs are steroidal biocomposites, produced through cholesterol metabolism in the bile of mammals and vertebrates. They are low priced, biocompatible, abundant, trivially toxic, and structurally unique for facewise amphiphilicity, which make them suitable for designing BA‐based polymers (BAPs) to be utilized in biomedical fields. The major aim of this review article is to summarize the recent progress (2015–present) on the requisite necessity of BA in BAPs toward design and synthetic avenues. In particular, the design of various polymers with primary and secondary BAs at side chain, main chain, chain end, crosslinking zone, and core confined area are illustrated in this review article via numerous reported methods.
Single Treatment of Vitamin D3 Ameliorates LPS‐Induced Acute Lung Injury through Changing Lung Rodentibacter abundance
Authors: Jin Ai , Zhao Yan , Yuan Ye , Ma Shulan , Chen Jian , Yang Xiaojun , Lu Shemin , Sun Qingzhu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by severe inflammation. Vitamin D3 is discussed to reduce inflammation in ALI, but the mechanism is not well understood. This study assesses the effect of different calcitriol administration strategies on inflammation and the lung microbiota composition in ALI. In a mouse model, the alveolus and airway pathology are assessed by immunohistology. mRNA expression is determined by Real‐Time Quantitative PCR and protein expressions is detected by Western‐blotting. The composition of microbiota is performed by 16s DNA high‐throughput sequencing. Short‐term vitamin D3 supplementation prevents lipopolysaccharide‐induced ALI by preventing pro‐inflammatory cytokines including interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α). In contrast, long‐term treatment over 3 days, 6 days, or 10 days had no such effect. Short‐term vitamin D3, but not long‐term pretreatment significantly reduces the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, but upregulates the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor‐κ‐gene binding. Furthermore, an increased relative abundance of Rodentibacter genus in LPS‐challenged mice bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is observed, which is sensitive to short‐term vitamin D3 treatment, effectively alleviating the Rodentibacter abundance. Correlation analysis shows that the load of Rodentibacter positively correlated with the IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α gene expression. The data support that a single administration of vitamin D3 may work as an adjuvant therapy for acute lung inflammation.
Reconfigured compact Minkowski fractal microstrip filter
Authors: Kavitha Devi C. S. , Umadevi H. , Baligar Jambunath S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA rapid growth in 4G and 5G in wireless communication applications demand compact and reconfigurable microstrip filters structures. However, meeting these requirements comes with many challenges, namely the increased design complexity, system size, fabrication process, and cost‐effectiveness. Accordingly, the paper aims to design a reconfigurable microstrip filter in terms of its geometrical structures of compactness and its operational performances. A reconfigured compact parallel‐coupled microstrip bandpass filter is a modified Minkowski fractal geometrical shape of inverted alphabet C structure and the first iteration of Minkowski is proposed. The proposed work shows the design technique, parametric analysis, and simulated results of a compact parallel‐coupled microstrip Minkowski fractal bandpass filter for dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 0.8 mm, operating at 5.1 GHz and bandwidth of 1.5 GHz. A good agreement between simulated results and designed values is achieved, the filter is compact with good bandwidth, less loss, and is dedicated to wireless communication applications.
W‐band ridge gap waveguide slot array antenna with low sidelobe and high‐gain characteristics
Authors: Li Liang , Chen Jianhong , Kong Lingwen , Zhang Pengyu , Lv Qihao , Zhang Binchao , Tian Buning , Jin Cheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this letter, a W‐band slot array antenna based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) with low sidelobe and high‐gain characteristics has been proposed. It adopts a series and parallel hybrid feeding network to realize low sidelobe levels in E‐ and H‐plane, respectively. The tunable pins and large power ratio dividers are introduced in the distribution network, which improves the phase consistency and brings flexibility to amplitude‐tapering. The proposed antenna overcomes the shortcomings of grating lobes caused by quasi‐Taylor distribution of conventional slot array with backed cavities. The prototype of a 16 × 18 slot array is fabricated and measured. The measured impedance bandwidth is from 81.2 to 86 GHz, and the peak gain is higher than 29.4 dBi with the sidelobe levels (SLLs) of −19.7 dB and −30 dB on E‐ and H‐plane, respectively.
Modern Reporting Methods for Angler Tag-Return Studies: Trends in Data Quality, Choice of Method, and Future Considerations
Authors: Taylor Andrew T. , Peeper Alexis M. , Chapagain Binod , Joshi Omkar , Long James M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Angler tag-return studies are a cornerstone of fisheries research, providing insights into individual movements and estimates of exploitation, among many other applications. However, the data generated from these studies is dependent upon effective communication between anglers and scientists. As technological advances are adopted by anglers, little research has been directed at the potential benefits of incorporating modern tag reporting methods. We tagged stream-dwelling black bass Micropterus spp. and provided anglers a choice of reporting methods (telephone, email, iNaturalist app, or a “mixed-mode” combination thereof). Our objectives were to examine the fate of reported fish, quantify trends in data quality across reporting methods, and explore how geographic location and angler avidity may influence use of reporting methods. Ninety-four percent of tag reports involved the release of the fish with the tag still intact, creating opportunities for longer-term data collection. Telephone was the most commonly used reporting method; however, this method had significantly lower completeness scores (e.g., lack of photographs or specifying fate of fish) and less precise location information than other methods. In contrast, iNaturalist had the highest completeness and most precise location information but was seldom used and had increased lag times in reporting. We found no significant differences in the proportion of reporting methods used across stream locations in our study, and avid anglers appeared to be individualistic in their choice of method. Overall, our study suggests that the adoption of modern reporting methods, like email and smartphone apps, could benefit data collection efforts of angler tag-return studies. Fisheries scientists may wish to consider which reporting methods align with their specific study objectives and with the angling public of a given study area.
The influence of the disclosure of diabetes on the cognitive, physical ability and diabetes self‐management in diabetic employed adults in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshutwi Sitah , Miligi Eman , Alhumidan Lujain , Almutairi Adel F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is a serious medical condition that may cause blindness, renal failure and amputation of the lower limbs, stroke and myocardial infarction. The global incidence of diabetes increases continuously. The self‐management of diabetes can be problematic and burdensome, especially if employed individuals choose not to reveal their illness. The workplace has been highlighted as an important element that may impact how employed individuals, diagnosed with diabetes and managed their illness.AimTo describe the influence of diabetes disclosure on the cognitive, physical ability and diabetes self‐management of employed adults with diabetes in Saudi Arabia.DesignA descriptive correlational study.MethodsThis study used a self‐administered questionnaire, including the Checklist Individual Strength and Perceived Diabetes Self‐Management Scale, for data collection. The sample size was 250 employed adults with diabetes. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation coefficient and bivariate analysis.ResultsA significant correlation was found between diabetes self‐management and support from co‐workers (r = .55, p < .05), and the employees who received more support from their co‐workers were able to perform diabetes self‐management. The results also indicate that employees who received support at their workplace reported improved concentration, motivation and activity (r = .41, p < .05).ConclusionIt is essential for top management and policymakers to implement supportive programmes in the workplace, and considering a constant, not rotating, work schedule.
Improved cognitive function in patients with major depressive disorder after treatment with vortioxetine: A EEG study
Authors: Kim Hong , Baik Seung Yeon , Kim Yong Wook , Lee Seung‐Hwan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionVortioxetine has a positive effect on cognitive function in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to examine the changes in cognitive function and EEG (spectral power and mismatch negativity (MMN)) in patients with MDD pre‐ and postvortioxetine treatment.MethodsThirty patients with MDD were included in the study. They were given vortioxetine (10‐20mg po per day) for eight weeks. Depression and anxiety severities, social function (Korean version of the social adjustment scale (K‐SAS)), and cognitive function (digit‐symbol substitution Test (DSST), Korean version of the attentional control questionnaire (K‐ACQ), and Korean version of the perceived deficits questionnaire for depression (K‐PDQD)) were evaluated. Spectral power of EEG and MMN was also measured pre‐ and postvortioxetine treatment.ResultsDepression and anxiety severity, social function, and cognitive functioning significantly improved after vortioxetine treatment. Also, there was a significant decrease in the right central delta band and an increase in the right central beta 2 band following vortioxetine treatment. The changes in EEG spectral power were not related to changes in cognitive functions. Baseline MMN significantly predicted changes in DSST score after controlling for the baseline clinical variables.ConclusionVortioxetine treatment improved cognitive function and induced changes in EEG (decreased theta power and increased beta power) in patients with MDD. Our results suggest that greater negative MMN amplitude is associated with greater potential for cognitive improvement following vortioxetine treatment.
Terminal 6q deletions cause brain malformations, a phenotype mimicking heterozygous DLL1 pathogenic variants: A multicenter retrospective case series
Authors: Lesieur‐Sebellin Marion , Till Marianne , Khau Van Kien Philippe , Herve Bérénice , Bourgon Nicolas , Dupont Céline , Tabet Anne‐Claude , Barrois Mathilde , Coussement Aurélie , Loeuillet Laurence , Mousty Eve , Ea Vuthy , El Assal Amal , Mary Laura , Jaillard Sylvie , Beneteau Claire , Le Vaillant Claudine , Coutton Charles , Devillard Françoise , Goumy Carole , Delabaere Amélie , Redon Sylvia , Laurent Yves , Lamouroux Audrey , Massardier Jérôme , Turleau Catherine , Sanlaville Damien , Cantagrel Vincent , Sonigo Pascale , Vialard François , Salomon Laurent J. , Malan Valérie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTerminal 6q deletion is a rare genetic condition associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability and structural brain anomalies. Interestingly, a similar phenotype is observed in patients harboring pathogenic variants in the DLL1 gene. Our study aimed to further characterize the prenatal phenotype of this syndrome as well as to attempt to establish phenotype‐genotype correlations.MethodWe collected ultrasound findings from 22 fetuses diagnosed with a pure 6qter deletion. We reviewed the literature and compared our 22 cases with 14 fetuses previously reported as well as with patients with heterozygous DLL1 pathogenic variants.ResultsBrain structural alterations were observed in all fetuses. The most common findings (>70%) were cerebellar hypoplasia, ventriculomegaly, and corpus callosum abnormalities. Gyration abnormalities were observed in 46% of cases. Occasional findings included cerebral heterotopia, aqueductal stenosis, vertebral malformations, dysmorphic features, and kidney abnormalities.ConclusionThis is the first series of fetuses diagnosed with pure terminal 6q deletion. Based on our findings, we emphasize the prenatal sonographic anomalies, which may suggest the syndrome. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of chromosomal microarray analysis to search for submicroscopic deletions of the 6q27 region involving the DLL1 gene in fetuses with these malformations.
Use of negative control outcomes to assess the comparability of patients initiating lipid‐lowering therapies
Authors: Levintow Sara N. , Orroth Kate K. , Breskin Alexander , Park Andrew S. , Flores‐Arredondo Jose H. , Dluzniewski Paul , Navar Ann Marie , Sørensen Henrik T. , Brookhart M. Alan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeClinical trials have demonstrated efficacy of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) in reducing risk of cardiovascular disease events, but effectiveness in routine clinical care has not been well‐studied. We used negative control outcomes to assess potential confounding in an observational study of PCSK9i versus ezetimibe or high‐intensity statin.MethodsUsing commercial claims, we identified U.S. adults initiating PCSK9i, ezetimibe, or high‐intensity statin in 2015–2018, with other lipid‐lowering therapy (LLT) use in the year prior (LLT cohort) or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the past 90 days (ASCVD cohort). We compared initiators of PCSK9i to ezetimibe and high‐intensity statin by estimating one‐year risks of negative control outcomes influenced by frailty or health‐seeking behaviors. Inverse probability of treatment and censoring weighted estimators of risk differences (RDs) were used to evaluate residual confounding after controlling for covariates.ResultsPCSK9i initiators had lower one‐year risks of negative control outcomes associated with frailty, such as decubitus ulcer in the ASCVD cohort (PCSK9i vs. high‐intensity statin RD = −3.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI): −4.6%, −2.5%; PCSK9i vs. ezetimibe RD = −1.3%, 95% CI: −2.1%, −0.6%), with similar but attenuated associations in the LLT cohort. Lower risks of accidents and fractures were also observed for PCSK9i, varying by cohort. Risks were similar for outcomes associated with health‐seeking behaviors, although trended higher for PCSK9i in the ASCVD cohort.ConclusionsObserved associations suggest lower frailty and potentially greater health‐seeking behaviors among PCSK9i initiators, particularly those with a recent ASCVD diagnosis, with the potential to bias real‐world analyses of treatment effectiveness.
Resorbable elastomers for implantable medical devices: highlights and applications
Authors: Turner Brendan , Ramesh Srivatsan , Menegatti Stefano , Daniele Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResorbable elastomers are an emerging class of materials required for transient implantable medical devices (IMDs), as their tissue‐matching mechanical properties decrease the risks associated with implant removal and promote functional tissue integration. Traditional materials employed in IMDs are typically much more rigid than native tissue, which leads to increased foreign body response and tissue irritation, and must be removed at the end of life of the implant, thus increasing the risk to patients. Resorbable elastomeric biomaterials support efficiently all the functions of substrate/encapsulant, dielectric, semiconductors and conductors that are needed in IMDs, while offering beneficial mechanical properties and a programed degradation that circumvents the need for surgical removal. This mini‐review presents the chemical characteristics, material properties and applications as IMD substrates of three resorbable elastomer families: polyurethane, poly(glycerol sebacate) and poly(diol citrate). Finally, some challenges and future directions on the pathway to biomedical adoption of resorbable elastomeric biomaterials are discussed including safety, processing conditions and critical development steps for conductive and dielectric elastomers. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Rate of continued conservative management versus progression to surgery at minimum 1‐year follow‐up in patients with pre‐arthritic hip pain
Authors: Cheng Abby L. , Collis Reid W. , McCullough Andrea B. , Bui Mary , Brady Brian K. , Schuelke Matthew J. , Clohisy John C. , Colditz Graham A. , Prather Heidi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundExtensive literature has described surgical outcomes for pre‐arthritic hip pain, but the proportion of patients who progress to surgery remains unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the proportion of patients who present to a tertiary referral center for pre‐arthritic hip pain and progress to surgery at minimum 1‐year follow‐up.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle tertiary care academic medical center.PatientsPatients ages 13 to 40 years who presented for initial evaluation to a conservative or surgical orthopedic specialist and were diagnosed with pre‐arthritic hip pain (n = 713 patients, 830 hips).InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was the rate of progression to surgery at minimum 1‐year follow‐up for the entire cohort. Predictors of progression to surgery were determined for the entire cohort and for radiographically defined subgroups using multiple logistic regression. Candidate predictors included baseline demographic, radiographic, clinical diagnosis, and patient‐reported outcome measures.ResultsIn a cohort with a mean age of 25.4 (SD 8.1) years, 72.7% female, and mean follow‐up of 2.6 (range 1.0‐4.8) years, 429 of 830 hips (51.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 48.2% to 55.1%) progressed to surgery. Predictors of surgical progression in the entire cohort included younger age (OR 0.95/year, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.98), pain duration longer than 6 months (ORs 1.87‐2.03, p ≤ .027), worse physical function (OR 0.96/Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS] point, 0.92 to 0.99), and a clinical diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) (OR 3.47, 2.05 to 5.89), acetabular dysplasia (OR 2.75, 1.73 to 4.35), and/or labral tear (OR 10.71, 6.98 to 16.47). Radiographic dysplasia (lateral center edge angle <20 degrees) increased the likelihood of surgery in all subgroups (ORs 2.05‐8.47, p ≤ .008). Increasing maximum α angle increased the likelihood of surgery in patients with severe cam FAI (α > 63 degrees) (OR 1.03/degree, 1.00 to 1.06).ConclusionAlmost half of patients with pre‐arthritic hip pain did not progress to surgery at a minimum 1‐year follow‐up. A trial of conservative management is likely worthwhile in most patients.
Systematic Analysis on Gas‐Liquid‐Solid Three‐Phase Flow and Initiation Structure for Fuel‐Air Explosive Weapon Reliability
Authors: Ye Congliang , Zhang Qi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe missile safety and reliability play important roles in its evaluation and design. Failure or inaccuracy of initiation is an occasional but extremely troublesome hazard in weapon system safety. The uneven fuel distribution and uncontrollable motion of initiation structure are both the causations of this hazard in a double‐event fuel‐air explosive missile application. Thus, it is crucial to implement the coupling between the initiation structure and the fuel field to succeed in a reliable application. This paper employs CFD to simulate the explosive dispersal process of fuel and uses MATLAB to investigate the motion trajectory of the initiation structure. As for the solid‐liquid fuel composed of 50 % aluminum powder and 50 % propylene oxide, its optimal concentration for reliable initiation is 186∼275 g/m3. In the case of a 200 kg missile with a speed of 300 m/s, the results imply that, at 250∼300 ms which is a reliable initiation time, the initiation structure gets to the reliable range of 10.8∼14.1 m where the fuel concentration approaches to the optimal range for initiation. Ultimately, for any missile development, the coupled simulation‐based approach is summarized to prevent the initiation failure and enhance its inherent safety, so as to avoid accident casualties and property loss.