bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Ethiprole, Differential Toxicity Against Selected Natural Enemies, and Diagnostic Concentrations for Resistance Monitoring
Authors: Torres Jorge Braz , Rolim G G , Potin D M , Arruda L S , Neves R C S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Synthetic insecticide application is one tactic for reducing boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), infestations during the cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., reproductive stage. We assessed the susceptibility of the boll weevil and its natural enemies to ethiprole (mode of action 2B), a phenylpyrazole insecticide, and diagnostic concentrations of ethiprole indicative of boll weevil susceptibility. Differences in the lethal concentrations of ethiprole were calculated with susceptibility ratios based on LC50 ranging from 2.89- to 10.34-fold relative to a natural susceptible population. The lowest and the highest recommended field rates of ethiprole, 100 and 200 g a.i./ha, produced residues that caused 83.3% and 93.7% mortality of weevils caged with cotton leaves from field-treated plants for 8 d. We found that ethiprole was less toxic than fipronil to the boll weevil parasitoid Bracon vulgaris Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and to the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), while fipronil was highly toxic to both. Adult earwigs, Euborellia annulipes Lucas (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae), were relatively tolerant to ethiprole and fipronil at the highest field rates. Pooled LC50-and LC95-concentrations of ethiprole calculated from studied populations were used as diagnostic for boll weevil mortality, and the outcome fitted to the expected mortality for boll weevil populations from different locations serving for further control failure assessment. Ethiprole appears to be suitable for boll weevil control with low impact on natural enemy communities.
Environmental Constitutionalism with Chinese Characteristics
Authors: Shen Hao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Through the Constitutional amendments of 2018, the environmental provisions in China’s Constitution have been further developed. Policy endorsement from the Communist Party of China is a key factor that prompted the inclusion of additional environmental provisions in the 2018 constitutional amendments. China’s environmental Constitution adopts the ‘national objective provision’ approach which imposes obligations of environmental care on State institutions and public authorities, such as the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. These are the two most important characteristics of environmental constitutionalism in China. This analysis traces the development of China’s environmental constitution and examines the constitutional significance of the provisions inserted in the Preamble and those expanded upon in the constitutional mandate of the State Council.
Digital Euro, Monetary Objects, and Price Stability: A Legal Analysis
Authors: Zellweger-Gutknecht Corinne , Geva Benjamin , Grünewald Seraina Neva 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The Eurosystem is mandated to safeguard price stability according to article 127 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Based on a theoretical and policy-oriented approach, this article sheds light on a second public good with enormous practical relevance both for financial markets and institutions as well as for the general public that the Eurosystem, and ultimately the European Central Bank (ECB), must safeguard according to article 128 TFEU: the availability of ideal monetary objects for the public. While monetary policy constitutes the instrument used to keep prices stable, the availability of ideal monetary objects is ensured through the issuance of ‘cash’ that serves as both money with selected properties and an anchor for other monies of the same currency, including sight deposits at commercial banks. Today, the role of ideal monetary objects is (still) primarily fulfilled by tangible banknotes. As the use of tangible banknotes declines, however, a digital equivalent and complement—a digital euro—becomes increasingly necessary. Accordingly, the article concludes that the ECB is both entitled and obliged de lege lata to issue a digital euro on the basis of article 128 TFEU. It further explains that neither tangible cash nor a digital euro can simultaneously be used as instruments in themselves to maintain price stability.
Revised and Potential New Tactics for the Suppression of Southern Pine Beetle Infestations
Authors: Clarke Stephen R , Meeker James R , Dodds Kevin J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cut-and-remove has been the recommended suppression technique for the suppression of infestations of the southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with cut-and-leave applied when conditions prevent removal of the felled pines. Changes in forest management practices and the timber industry, plus the expansion of SPB northward have led to an increased reliance on cut-and-leave in recent years. This change has resulted in an exploration of methods to improve the efficacy of cut-and-leave and the development of new tactics for suppressing SPB infestations. We describe these revised and new techniques and discuss their potential applications given current forest management conditions.
Development of a Method for RearingNezara viridula(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on a Semi-solid Artificial Diet
Authors: Portilla Maribel , Reddy Gadi V P 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA method for rearing the southern green stinkbug, (Nezara viridula L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), using a modified lygus semi-solid artificial diet was developed. First to second-instar nymph were reared in a density of 631.5 ± 125.05 eggs per Petri-dish (4 cm deep × 15 cm diam). Second instar to adult were reared in a density of 535.0 ± 112.46 s instar nymphs per rearing cage (43 × 28 × 9 cm). Mating and oviposition occurred in popup rearing cages (30 × 30 cm), each holding 60–90 mixed sex adults of similar age. Adults emerged 35.88 ± 2.13 d after oviposition and survived for an average of 43.09 ± 9.53 d. On average, adults laid 223.95 ± 69.88 eggs in their lifetime, for a total production of 8,099 ± 1,277 fertile eggs/oviposition cage. Egg fertility was 77.93% ± 16.28. Egg masses held in petri-dishes had a total hatchability of 79.38% ± 20.03. Mortality of early nymphs in petri-dishes was 0.64% ± 0.12 for the first instar and 1.37% ± 0.45 for second instar. Late nymphal mortality in rearing cages was 1.41% ± 0.10, 3.47% ± 1.27, and 4.72% ± 1.29 for the third, fourth, and fifth instars, respectively. Survivorship from nymphs to adults was 88.48% ± 2.76. Using artificial diet for rearing N. viridula could reduce cost by avoiding time-consuming issues with daily feeding fresh natural hosts and insect manipulation. It could increase reliability and simplicity of bug production, which should facilitate mass rearing of its biological control agents.
The health equity mandate
Authors: Epstein Wendy Netter 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
People of color and the poor die younger than the White and prosperous. And when they are alive, they are sicker. Health inequity is morally tragic. But it is also economically inefficient, raising the nation’s healthcare bill and lowering productivity. The COVID pandemic only, albeit dramatically, highlights these pre-existing inequities. COVID sufferers of color die at twice the rate of Whites. The cause, in large part, is structural inequality and racism. Neither the popular nor the scholarly discussion of healthcare inequity, while robust, has translated into palpable and rapid progress. This article describes why health inequity has so far proven intractable. In the healthcare system, no one actor has both adequate incentive and adequate wherewithal to create progress. The healthcare system cannot solve the problem alone. To jumpstart reform, the article suggests a new regulatory approach, grounded in principles of democratic experimentalism and cooperative federalism. It draws inspiration from the examples that the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the Clean Air Act provide. A federal health equity mandate, with funding and penalties for state non-compliance, will spur collaboration between federal, state, local, public, and private entities and start the USA on the path to remediating healthcare’s inequities.
How Institutions Shape Morality
Authors: Dari-Mattiacci Giuseppe , Fabbri Marco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present the results of a randomized control trial on the effect of the introduction of formalized property rights on individuals’ moral judgments and, in particular, on utilitarian morality. We show that institutions shape morality: being exposed to private property institutions makes individuals more utilitarian when confronted with moral dilemmas. Our results shed light on a possible institutional determinant of the variation of moral judgments across the globe and its geographical patterns, and have implications for the consequences of major institutional reforms—both intended, such as land-titling programs, and unintended, such as those following from recent historical events—on moral attitudes. We discuss two possible channels stemming from the inherent features of property rights: the loosening of social ties and the commodification of rights (JEL codes: K11; O13; Z10; Z13).
Internal Migration and Resource Conflict: Evidence from Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Côté Isabelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA vast body of literature suggests that resource exploitation is linked to armed conflict. However, the role of voluntary internal migration in resource conflict has been overlooked. Does internal migration interact with resource exploitation and contribute to violent conflict in resource-rich regions of multinational states? And if so, how? Using a comparative ethnography approach, I inductively developed a four-part theory based on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork in resource-rich Inner Mongolia, China, before evaluating my theory against empirical evidence from Riau province, Indonesia. In contrast to the current literature that either sidesteps the role of voluntary internal migrants in resource conflict, or portrays them as mere negative externalities of resource exploitation, I show how migrants’ ownership of, and employment in, many of the companies that exploit and destroy local resources have marginalized local people and threatened their lifestyle and economic subsistence. As local elites resort to nativist frames to resist such practices and mobilize local people around these issues, companies hire brutal non-locally born, security guards or thugs to protect their assets, escalating the violence. Finally, states’ reliance on domestic population movements for resource exploitation and national development projects also affects their ability and willingness to intervene in resource conflict, contributing to their protracted nature. This article illustrates the problem with studying resource conflict in isolation from migration dynamics, as the two processes interact with one another, intensifying grievances and providing added motives and opportunities for violence.
Delegation, Sponsorship, and Autonomy: An Integrated Framework for Understanding Armed Group–State Relationships
Authors: Thaler Kai M 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhat types of relationships do armed groups have with states? How do different levels of ties and power relations affect both armed group and government behavior? This article develops a spectrum across which armed group–state relationships can move, focusing on three key types of relationships—delegation, sponsorship, and autonomy. An armed group–state relationship may be classified depending on the degree to which the armed group receives material or security support from a state, whether it pursues the strategic aims of the state, and the balance of power between the armed group and the state. I examine cases and empirical examples of relationships between states and armed groups ranging from criminal organizations to Cold War-era rebels to pro-government and communal militias to the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and al-Qaeda. As lines between categories of armed groups and between state and non-state actors are increasingly blurred, the integrated framework enhances our ability to analyze the behavior and liabilities of both armed groups and states and to understand sources of leverage for protecting human rights and resolving conflicts.
Counter-professionalization as an occupational status strategy: The production of professionalism in Israeli child-care workers’ identity work
Authors: Avnoon Netta , Sela-Sheffy Rakefet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent approaches to professions and professional identity question the premise that professionalization is the ultimate generator of status, showing that the classical model of professionalization does not always coincide with workers’ creative construction of professionalism and professional dignity. Extending these approaches, and focusing on workers’ identity discourse, this study examines how private child-care workers in Israel claim professional status precisely by avoiding formal professionalization and promoting a counter-professionalization ethos. Drawing on field observations and interviews, we analyze nannies’ tacit occupational community dynamics, by which they establish professional rules and boundaries and discursively construct a respected professional self. Their identity-talk reveals a vocational self-imaging based on personal charisma, one that resists training and credentials. This vocational self-imaging allows rebuttal of the nanny stereotype as a low-class uneducated workforce, associated with their ethnicized backgrounds, by symbolically transforming it and using it as a high-value identity resource. This counter-professionalized identity-talk prevails despite the social distinction between senior and junior nannies. Thereby, nannies gain professional status while the professionalization of child care is rejected. The analysis of these cultural dynamics provides a stronger perspective on professions as spheres of identity construction—specifically those ranked lower as unskilled labor—and on workers’ agency behind their ostensibly passive compliance with under-professionalization.
Perceived Discrimination as a Moderator between Living Difficulties and Psychological Distress among Asylum Seekers from Darfur
Authors: Faran Yifat , Slonim-Nevo Vered 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Migration inevitably involves difficulties. These difficulties are more pronounced for refugees and asylum seekers, who also often suffer discrimination. In this study, we examined the impact of living difficulties on the psychological wellbeing of Darfuri asylum seekers in Israel. Based on the stress process theory, we hypothesized that perceived discrimination mediates the relationship between living difficulties and psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychological quality of life. The sample consisted of 300 Darfuri asylum seekers aged 19 or older. Measures included post-migration living difficulties, perceived discrimination, psychological distress, PTSD, psychological quality of life, and demographic factors. The results show that greater living difficulties were associated with lower psychological quality of life, higher PTSD symptoms, and increased psychological distress. As hypothesized, perceived discrimination fully mediated the relation between living difficulties and psychological quality of life and PTSD symptoms. Additionally, perceived discrimination partly mediated the relation between living difficulties and psychological distress. Our findings support the stress process theory and the role of society in stressful situations. It also indicates that by reducing perceived discrimination, psychological wellbeing can be improved.
Use of electrochemotherapy in a combined surgical treatment of local recurrence of rectal cancer
Authors: Caprino Paola , Sacchetti Franco , Tagliaferri Luca , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Potenza Angelo Eugenio , Pastena Dario , Sofo Luigi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recurrence of rectal cancer (RRC) affects up to one-third of patients. The survival is strictly dependent on the possibility of performing surgery without microscopic tumor residues (R0).
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is based on the effect that electric pulsations have on increasing the permeability of the cell membrane to certain drugs. We propose the association of ECT to the surgical excision of perineal RRC in a 72-year-old male patient. Given the proximity between the recurrence and the urethra, it was decided to use ECT in order to clean any further neoplastic residues 10 mm from the surgical resection margin. Pelvic MRI at 4 and 7 months and clinical follow-up conducted for 9 months did not document disease recurrence. ECT combined with surgery can prove to be a valid choice in selected cases and could be the best treatment the patient is willing to accept.
Synchronous caecal and sigmoid volvulus: a surprise twist
Authors: Hannan Enda , Lim Esther Man Yu , Feeney Gerard , Condon Eoghan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Traditionally, caecal volvulus (CV) and sigmoid volvulus (SV) have been thought of as largely separate clinical entities with distinct clinical features, radiological findings and treatment strategies. We present a rare case of synchronous CV and SV. To our knowledge, this represents only the ninth such case in the literature. This posed a diagnostic challenge as the seemingly textbook features of SV, such as the classical ‘coffee-bean’ sign on plain abdominal X-ray, masked the simultaneous occurrence of CV which only became apparent after the patient continued to deteriorate despite the successful endoscopic decompression of the SV. The diagnosis of SV should be made cautiously, with a period of close clinical observation post-intervention and a low threshold for re-evaluation should symptoms persist or recur to ensure accurate diagnosis.
Acedia, ‘Bourgeois Ennui’, and Kingship in the Hebrew Bible and The Epic of Gilgamesh
Authors: Kozlova Ekaterina E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article first discusses the concept of acedia/restlessness in Christian monastic and scholastic thought, as well as modern philosophy. Using it as a heuristic tool, it then proceeds to examine this phenomenon in relation to ANE kingship, arguing that a monarch’s unfocused and unchecked energy (one of the manifestations of acedia) could be personally and communally damaging. Focusing on two well-known kings, Gilgamesh and David, it shows how their ‘restless’ rules led to severe repercussions for their subjects. These kings have already been compared in scholarship, but this discussion analyses them specifically through the lens of acedia/restlessness. This line of investigation is prompted by similarities in the depiction of these kings in their respective literary corpora. Thus, The Epic of Gilgamesh casts Gilgamesh, a Babylonian king, as being burdened by a restless heart from the gods; one of the outcomes of this condition is his sexual exploitation of the people of Uruk. 2 Samuel in turn deals with David, an Israelite king, who neglects his duties, becomes restless, and violates Bathsheba, one of his subjects (2 Sam. 11–12).
A formal representation of the divine comedy’s primary sources: The Hypermedia Dante Network ontology
Authors: Bartalesi Valentina , Pratelli Nicolò , Meghini Carlo , Metilli Daniele , Tomazzoli Gaia , Livraghi Leyla M G , Zaccarello Michelangelo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hypermedia Dante Network (HDN) is a 3-year Italian National Research Project, started in 2020, which aims to enrich the functionalities of the DanteSources Digital Library to efficiently represent knowledge about the primary sources of Dante’s Comedy. DanteSources allows users to retrieve and visualize the list and the distribution of Dante's primary sources that have been identified by recent commentaries of five of Dante’s minor works (i.e. Vita nova, De vulgari eloquentia, Convivio, De Monarchia, and Rime). The digital library is based on a formal ontology expressed in Resource Description Framework Schema (RDFS) language. Based on the DanteSources experience, the HDN project aims to formally represent the primary sources of the Divine Comedy whose identification is based on several commentaries included in the Dartmouth Dante Project corpus. To reach this goal, we restructured and extended the DanteSources ontology to provide a wider and more complete representation of the knowledge concerning the primary sources of the Comedy. In this article, we present the result of this effort, i.e. the HDN ontology. The ontology is expressed in OWL and has as reference ontologies the CIDOC CRM and its extension FRBRoo, including its in-progress reformulation LRMoo. We also briefly describe the semi-automatic tool that will be used by the scholars to populate the ontology.
The Conversational Self
Authors: Dover Daniela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper explores a distinctive form of social interaction—interpersonal inquiry—in which two or more people attempt to understand one another by engaging in conversation. Like many modes of inquiry into human beings, interpersonal inquiry partly shapes its own objects. How we conduct it thus affects who we become. I present an ethical ideal of conversation to which, I argue, at least some of our interpersonal inquiry ought to aspire. I then consider how this ideal might influence philosophical conceptions of the self.
Beethoven and Bohemia: Dramaturgical and Political Aspects of ‘Fidelio’ Reception in Prague
Authors: Nedbal Martin 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
In 1977 the Czech musicologist Oldřich Pulkert discovered a manuscript score of Beethoven’s 1806 Leonore, the second version of what became Fidelio in 1814. The score’s pre-1977 history is mysterious, with the exception of 1870, when Bedřich Smetana clearly used it for a production of the 1814 Fidelio in Czech. Pulkert and Helga Lühning assumed, based on questionable evidence about early nineteenth-century plans for a Prague production of the 1806 Leonore under Beethoven’s supervision, that the score reached Bohemia around 1807. This article uses previously overlooked archival documents to show that the score may have been brought to Prague only in the late 1860s, possibly from Leipzig, and that nineteenth-century Prague theatres never performed the 1806 Leonore. The narratives Pulkert and others produced about the score’s history also illustrate the politicization of Viennese classicism in post-Second World War Czech musicology, especially the widespread view that Bohemia had a unique relationship to Mozart and Beethoven.