bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Aspects of Construction of New TBM Tunnel Under Existing Structures
Authors: Ke Wu , zheng Zhang , Shuchen Li , leisheng Zhou , Jiahui Zhao , Yang Zheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is inevitable for the construction of subways to pass under the existing structures in the city; this will cause settlement of the existing structures and affect their safety. The soil is a complex mixture, and hence it is difficult to determine the damage caused by construction using tunnel boring machine (TBM) method to the stress balance of the surrounding soil. Normally, settlement and uplift of the surface are caused during tunneling. Therefore, large-scale 3D simulations are needed to study the interaction between mechanically driven tunnel construction and the surrounding soil to estimate the expected settlement and related damage risks to the existing structures, especially in tunnel construction in urban areas. Qingdao Metro Line 1 in the Haixiao section (Xiaocunzhuang and Haiboqiao stations) was taken up as the research object to study the trend and degree of the effect of TBM tunnel construction using the numerical simulation software Midas GTS NX. The numerical simulation results and measured data were used for the reliability analysis to study the influence of different digging speeds and pressures in TBM construction on ground subsidence, and the effect of vibrations generated at the tunnel face by the TBM cutter head on the ground structure. It is shown that when other factors remain unchanged, the faster the driving speed, the smaller the ground settlement; the higher the surrounding rock pressure, the smaller the ground settlement. The vibration of the ground structure caused by the TBM cutter head complies with the relevant specifications. During construction, the driving parameters should be selected suitably depending on the available budget.
Ideology and non-state climate action: partnering and design of REDD+ projects
Authors: Abraham Benjamin M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractScholars and policymakers working on non-state climate action have tended to focus on functional considerations, largely neglecting questions of ideology. This article brings them into the spotlight by investigating how ideology affects climate action initiatives. Based on a new database of 389 projects associated with reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the article examines how ideology affects project design and partnering. A quantitative analysis and four case studies of projects in Colombia and Peru show how environmental ideology shapes the preferences of project developers for project designs and partners. Two mechanisms that underlie this are also derived. The findings show how a focus on ideology can help open the black box of climate action initiatives and explain their substantive variation. They also offer insights into the ideological implications of the transnationalization of climate governance. Non-state climate action at once entrenches the neoliberal ideological status quo of climate politics and offers critical ideologies a foothold. This poses risks for the future effectiveness and legitimacy of non-state climate action and should be considered in the design of the emerging institutional architecture that supports it. This article also sets a platform for and outlines the contours of a future research agenda on ideology in climate action.
Differences Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults in the Recognition of Anger from Facial Motion Remain after Controlling for Alexithymia
Authors: Keating Connor T. , Fraser Dagmar S. , Sowden Sophie , Cook Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo date, studies have not established whether autistic and non-autistic individuals differ in emotion recognition from facial motion cues when matched in terms of alexithymia. Here, autistic and non-autistic adults (N = 60) matched on age, gender, non-verbal reasoning ability and alexithymia, completed an emotion recognition task, which employed dynamic point light displays of emotional facial expressions manipulated in terms of speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic participants exhibited significantly lower accuracy for angry, but not happy or sad, facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic, and not alexithymic, traits were predictive of accuracy for angry facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Alexithymic traits, in contrast, were predictive of the magnitude of both correct and incorrect emotion ratings.
Dynamic Syntax
Authors: Howes Christine , Gibson Hannah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDynamic Syntax (DS: Kempson et al. 2001; Cann et al. 2005) is an action-based grammar formalism which models the process of natural language understanding as monotonic tree growth. This paper presents an introduction to the notions of incrementality and underspecification and update, drawing on the assumptions made by DS. It lays out the tools of the theoretical framework that are necessary to understand the accounts developed in the other contributions to the Special Issue. It also represents an up-to-date account of the framework, combining the developments that have previously remained distributed in a diverse body of literature.
Identification of mechanical properties of arteries with certification of global optimality
Authors: Gade Jan-Lucas , Thore Carl-Johan , Stålhand Jonas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we consider identification of parameters in a non-linear continuum-mechanical model of arteries by fitting the models response to clinical data. The fitting of the model is formulated as a constrained non-linear, non-convex least-squares minimization problem. The model parameters are directly related to the underlying physiology of arteries, and correctly identified they can be of great clinical value. The non-convexity of the minimization problem implies that incorrect parameter values, corresponding to local minima or stationary points may be found, however. Therefore, we investigate the feasibility of using a branch-and-bound algorithm to identify the parameters to global optimality. The algorithm is tested on three clinical data sets, in each case using four increasingly larger regions around a candidate global solution in the parameter space. In all cases, the candidate global solution is found already in the initialization phase when solving the original non-convex minimization problem from multiple starting points, and the remaining time is spent on increasing the lower bound on the optimal value. Although the branch-and-bound algorithm is parallelized, the overall procedure is in general very time-consuming.
Comparison of different methodologies for the computation of damped nonlinear normal modes and resonance prediction of systems with non-conservative nonlinearities
Authors: Sun Yekai , Yuan Jie , Vizzaccaro Alessandra , Salles Loïc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe nonlinear modes of a non-conservative nonlinear system are sometimes referred to as damped nonlinear normal modes (dNNMs). Because of the non-conservative characteristics, the dNNMs are no longer periodic. To compute non-periodic dNNMs using classic methods for periodic problems, two concepts have been developed in the last two decades: complex nonlinear mode (CNM) and extended periodic motion concept (EPMC). A critical assessment of these two concepts applied to different types of non-conservative nonlinearities and industrial full-scale structures has not been thoroughly investigated yet. Furthermore, there exist two emerging techniques which aim at predicting the resonant solutions of a nonlinear forced response using the dNNMs: extended energy balance method (E-EBM) and nonlinear modal synthesis (NMS). A detailed assessment between these two techniques has been rarely attempted in the literature. Therefore, in this work, a comprehensive comparison between CNM and EPMC is provided through two illustrative systems and one engineering application. The EPMC with an alternative damping assumption is also derived and compared with the original EPMC and CNM. The advantages and limitations of the CNM and EPMC are critically discussed. In addition, the resonant solutions are predicted based on the dNNMs using both E-EBM and NMS. The accuracies of the predicted resonances are also discussed in detail.
Group epistemic value
Authors: Dunn Jeffrey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSometimes we are interested in how groups are doing epistemically in aggregate. For instance, we may want to know the epistemic impact of a change in school curriculum or the epistemic impact of abolishing peer review in the sciences. Being able to say something about how groups are doing epistemically is especially important if one is interested in pursuing a consequentialist approach to social epistemology of the sort championed by Goldman (Knowledge in a social world. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999).
According to this approach we evaluate social practices and institutions from an epistemic perspective based on how well they promote the aggregate level of epistemic value across a community. The aim of this paper is to investigate this concept of group epistemic value and defend a particular way of measuring it.
Role of redox-inactive metals in controlling the redox potential of heterometallic manganese–oxido clusters
Authors: Saito Keisuke , Nakagawa Minesato , Mandal Manoj , Ishikita Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhotosystem II (PSII) contains Ca2+, which is essential to the oxygen-evolving activity of the catalytic Mn4CaO5 complex. Replacement of Ca2+ with other redox-inactive metals results in a loss/decrease of oxygen-evolving activity. To investigate the role of Ca2+ in this catalytic reaction, we investigate artificial Mn3[M]O2 clusters redox-inactive metals [M] ([M]  = Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Sr2+, and Y3+), which were synthesized by Tsui et al. (Nat Chem 5:293, 2013). The experimentally measured redox potentials (Em) of these clusters are best described by the energy of their highest occupied molecular orbitals. Quantum chemical calculations showed that the valence of metals predominantly affects Em(MnIII/IV), whereas the ionic radius of metals affects Em(MnIII/IV) only slightly.
Impact of D2O on peptidization of L-histidine
Authors: Fulczyk Agnieszka , Łata Eliza , Dolnik Miloš , Talik Ewa , Kowalska Teresa , Sajewicz Mieczysław 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis is our sixth consecutive study carried out in an order to collect an experimental evidence on the impact of heavy water (D2O) on spontaneous peptidization of the proteinogenic α-amino acids and this time it is L-histidine (L-His). Scientists have not yet achieved a full consensus regarding the source of this very important amino acid in human and mammalian tissues, and on this particular question rather contradictory answers in form of experimental results are produced, equally supporting its exogenous and endogenous origin. Although this issue still remains unsolved, for practical demands of life sciences the two UN agencies, FAO and WHO, have both tentatively accepted that L-His is an exogenous α-amino acid. As analytical techniques, in our studies we employed high-performance liquid chromatography with the diode array detection (HPLC–DAD), mass spectrometry (MS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Spontaneous peptidization of L-His dissolved in methanol + H2O, 7:3 (v/v) was carried out at 22 ± 0.5 °C in the darkness for a relatively long period of 314 h, and its progress was chromatographically checked by targeting concentration of the L-His monomer in the 12-min intervals. This investigation revealed alternating yet non-periodic concentration changes, indicating changeable formation and hydrolytic decay of the L-His-derived oligopeptides in the function of time, and a fast net concentration fall of the L-His monomer (witnessing to quite vigorous peptidization). Moreover, the MS results confirmed formation of the relatively high oligopeptides, falling within the range of two or more dozen L-His monomer units. Impact of D2O on peptidization of L-His was traced with use of MS and SEM for the L-His samples dissolved in aqueous methanol solvents containing 5, 10, 20, and 30% D2O, and also in pure D2O. Similar to the results earlier presented for five other proteinogenic α-amino acids, heavy water exerts a powerful inhibitory effect on spontaneous peptidization of L-His, equally perceptible when assessed with aid of mass spectrometry (with the mass spectra in the first instance playing the role of quasi-quantitative fingerprints), and based on purely qualitative micrographs derived with use of SEM.
Lead concentrations in antlers of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from an agricultural area in Northern Germany over a 119-year period—a historical biomonitoring study
Authors: Ludolphy Catharina , Kierdorf Uwe , Kierdorf Horst 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe analyzed the lead content in antlers of 90 adult European roe bucks (Capreolus capreolus) that had been culled between 1901 and 2019 in an agricultural-dominated hunting district in Lower Saxony (Northern Germany). Antler lead values ranged between 0.2 and 10.9 mg/kg dry weight. Median lead concentration was highest after World War II, during a period (1956–1984) of rapidly increasing mass motorization and use of leaded gasoline. Lead levels in antlers decreased markedly after the phase-out of leaded gasoline, but high values were still found in some recently collected antlers. This could indicate persistent lead pollution from former use of lead additives to gasoline, other traffic-related sources, or from agricultural sources (e.g., sewage sludge, fertilizers). This study highlights the suitability of analyzing roe deer antlers for the historical monitoring of changing lead levels in the environment. By collecting antlers and providing them for study, local hunters can significantly contribute to environmental surveillance and the monitoring of environmental pollution by bone-seeking contaminants.
Melon-sized Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma—A Case Report
Authors: Dhanasekar Keerthan , Kapadia Heena , Neilaj Steven , Abdeslem Meriam , Dhanasekar Ganapathy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis case report describes a 55 year-old gentleman who had been living with an extremely large (1.2 kg) pleomorphic adenoma for 24 years—despite its significant size, weight and appearance. A modified surgical incision and approach were required to remove the tumour, to avoid damaging the facial nerve and its branches.
Bodies Out of Time: Sculpting Queer Poetics and Queering Classical Sculpture in the Poetry of C. P. Cavafy
Authors: Watson J. L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo major themes dominate the poetry of the Alexandrian poet, C. P. Cavafy: homosexual desire and Greekness, broadly defined. This paper explores the interconnectivity of these motifs, showing how Cavafy’s poetic queerness is expressed through his relationship with the ancient Greek world, especially Hellenistic Alexandria. I focus on Cavafy’s incorporation of ancient sculpture into his poetry and the ways that sculpture, for Cavafy, is a vehicle for expressing forbidden desires in an acceptable way. In this, I draw on the works of Liana Giannakopoulou on statuary in modern Greek poetry and Dimitris Papanikolaou on Cavafy’s homosexuality and its presentation in the poetry. Sculpture features in around a third of Cavafy’s poems and pervades it in various ways: the inclusion of physical statues as focuses of ecphrastic description, the use of sculptural language and metaphor, and the likening of Cavafy’s beloveds to Greek marbles of the past, to name but three. This article argues that Cavafy utilizes the statuary of the ancient Greek world as raw material, from which he sculpts his modern Greek queerness, variously desiring the statuesque bodies of contemporary Alexandrian youths and constructing eroticized depictions of ancient Greek marbles. The very ontology of queerness is, for Cavafy, ‘created’ using explicitly sculptural metaphors (e.g. the repeated uses of the verb κάνω [‘to make’] in descriptions of ‘those made like me’) and he employs Hellenistic statues as a productive link between his desires and so-called ‘Greek desire’, placing himself within a continuum of queer, Greek men.
Towards an understanding of how stress and resources affect the nonmedical use of prescription drugs for performance enhancement among employees
Authors: Baum Myriam , Sattler Sebastian , Reimann Mareike 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBased on assumptions of the Job Demands-Resources model, we investigated employees’ willingness to use prescription drugs such as methylphenidate and modafinil for nonmedical purposes to enhance their cognitive functioning as a response to strain (i.e., perceived stress) that is induced by job demands (e.g., overtime, emotional demands, shift work, leadership responsibility). We also examined the direct and moderating effects of resources (e.g., emotional stability, social and instrumental social support) in this process. We utilized data from a representative survey of employees in Germany (N = 6454) encompassing various job demands and resources, levels of perceived stress, and willingness to use nonmedical drugs for performance enhancement purposes. By using Structural Equation Models, we found that job demands (such as overtime and emotional demands) and a scarcity of resources (such as emotional stability) increased strain, consequently directly and indirectly increasing the willingness to use prescription drugs for cognitive enhancement. Moreover, emotional stability reduced the effect of certain demands on strain. These results delivered new insights into mechanisms behind nonmedical prescription drug use that can be used to prevent such behaviour and potential negative health consequences.
Anxiety and depression in women hospitalized due to high-risk pregnancy: An integrative quantitative and qualitative study
Authors: Smorti Martina , Ginobbi Francesca , Simoncini Tommaso , Pancetti Federica , Carducci Alessia , Mauri Giulia , Gemignani Angelo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLiterature has shown that hospitalized women with high-risk pregnancy tend to develop anxious and depressive symptoms. Research has used quantitative or qualitative methods. By integrating both quantitative and qualitative methods, this study aims to analyze: a) the level of depression, anxiety, and pregnancy-related anxiety in a group of women hospitalized with high-risk pregnancy (hospitalized high-risk) compared with a group of non-hospitalized women with low-risk pregnancy; b) the content of hospitalization-related emotions in a high-risk group. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 hospitalized high-risk pregnant women and 32 women with low-risk pregnancy. Participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Anxiety), and Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire. The hospitalized high-risk group also completed open-ended questions about emotions experienced during hospitalization. Univariate Analysis of Covariance showed that the hospitalized high-risk group reported higher general anxiety and depression than the low-risk pregnancy group. Low-risk group reported higher level of concerns about own appearance than high-risk group. Narratives showed that the anxious and depressive symptoms of hospitalized women are related to the loneliness of being away from family. Despite attempts to understand hospitalization, they express concerns about pregnancy. Psychological support for hospitalized pregnant women should be provided to facilitate the communication of emotions that leads women to elaborate the experience of hospitalization to better adapt and cope with the critical condition.
Does young adults’ life satisfaction promote tolerance towards immigrants? The role of political satisfaction and social trust
Authors: Korol Liliia , Bevelander Pieter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMuch prior research relies on the idea that antipathy towards immigrants is primarily driven by natives’ perceptions of the threat that immigrants represent to their economic, cultural or national well-being. Yet little is known about whether subjective well-being affects attitudes toward immigrants. This study aimed to examine whether life satisfaction would foster tolerance towards immigrants over time via the indirect influence of political satisfaction and social trust. The sample comprised young native adults (N = 1352; M age = 22.72; SD = 3.1) in Sweden. The results revealed that young adults who were satisfied with important life domains were more likely to extend their satisfaction towards the political system, which consequently resulted in a generalised expectation of trustworthiness and a widening of their circles of trusted others. This then translates into more positive attitudes toward immigrants. The findings provide evidence that it is the causal relationship between political satisfaction and social trust (rather than social trust in itself) which promotes the positive impact of life satisfaction on tolerance towards immigrants. The study highlights that fostering political satisfaction and social trust may play an important role in shaping young people’s positive attitudes towards immigrants.
“Green propellants” as a hydrazine substitute: experimental investigations of ethane/ethene-nitrous oxide mixtures and validation of detailed reaction mechanism
Authors: Janzer Corina , Richter Sandra , Naumann Clemens , Methling Torsten 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMixtures of hydrocarbons and nitrous oxide are known as green propellants and could replace the highly toxic hydrazine and hydrazine derivatives as rocket fuel, since they are non-toxic and easier to handle, but still have a high specific impulse. Possible hydrocarbon candidates are ethane or ethene. To check the applicability of the two reaction systems, C2H6/N2O and C2H4/N2O, experiments are a prerequisite for accurate predictions under various conditions that are of great importance for the design of safe and reliable thrusters. Therefore, experimental literature data obtained from ignition delay times and laminar burning velocities were used to validate and optimize a new reaction mechanism, which is designed for C0–C3 and nitrogen oxides formation. To achieve a better predictive power of the detailed mechanism, the Arrhenius parameters of three reactions were adjusted: N2O + H ⇌ N2 + OH, N2O (+ M) ⇌ N2 + O (+ M), and NH + NO ⇌ N2O + H. A good agreement was achieved between simulation and experiment for ignition delay times at various pressures and equivalence ratios in a broad temperature range before and after the mechanism optimization. However, the laminar burning velocities in the whole measured range of the equivalence ratio for all pressures and dilutions showed a significant improvement after the optimization.
Reinforcement learning-based particle swarm optimization for sewage treatment control
Authors: Lu Lu , Zheng Hui , Jie Jing , Zhang Miao , Dai Rui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo solve the problem of high-energy consumption in activated sludge wastewater treatment, a reinforcement learning-based particle swarm optimization (RLPSO) was proposed to optimize the control setting in the sewage process. This algorithm tries to take advantage of the valid history information to guide the behavior of particles through a reinforcement learning strategy. First, an elite network is constructed by selecting elite particles and recording their successful search behavior. Then the network is trained and evaluated to effectively predict the particle velocity. In the periodic wastewater treatment process, the RLPSO runs repeatedly according to the optimized cycle. Finally, RLPSO was tested based on Benchmark Simulation Model 1 (BSM1) of sewage treatment, and the simulation results showed that it could effectively reduce the energy consumption on the premise of ensuring qualified water quality. Furthermore, the performance of RLPSO was analyzed using the benchmarks with higher dimension, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm and provides the possibility for RLPSO to be applied to a wider range of problems.