bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of molar incisor hypomineralization on oral health–related quality of life in 8–10-year-old children
Authors: Joshi Taneeya , Rahman Alexander , Rienhoff Sabine , Rienhoff Jan , Stamm Tanja , Bekes Katrin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children with and without molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and to assess the impact of severity of MIH on OHRQoL in children between 8–10 years using the German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-G8-10).Materials and methodsChildren aged 8–10 years were recruited at a pediatric dental clinic in Hannover, Germany. Half of them were affected by MIH. Participants were evaluated for presence and severity of MIH (MIH-TNI), plaque and dental caries status. Children were asked to answer the CPQ-G8-10. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism-software version 8.ResultsOne hundred eighty-eight children (mean age 8.80 [± 0.84]; 43.10% female) were included in the study with 94 children having MIH. CPQ-G8-10 mean scores in MIH-affected children were significantly higher than in children showing no MIH (13.87 [± 8.91] vs. 4.20 [± 3.74];p < 0.0001) showing that MIH has negative impact OHRQoL. Similar trends were seen in all four subdomains. Regarding severity, CPQ-G8-10 mean scores increased from mild to severe forms of MIH.ConclusionChildren affected by MIH show an impaired OHRQoL compared to children without MIH; with increasing severity, OHRQoL gets more impaired.Clinical relevanceTo understand the patient’s perception and the individual oral health needs will help to prioritize MIH and recognize its impact.
Un-jamming due to energetic instability: statics to dynamics
Authors: Luding Stefan , Jiang Yimin , Liu Mario 
Published: August 2021

AbstractJamming/un-jamming, the transition between solid- and fluid-like behavior in granular matter, is an ubiquitous phenomenon in need of a sound understanding. As argued here, in addition to the usual un-jamming by vanishing pressure due to a decrease of density, there is alsoyield(plastic rearrangements and un-jamming that occur) if, e.g., for given pressure, the shear stress becomes too large. Similar to thevan der Waals transitionbetween vapor and water, or the critical current in superconductors, we believe that one mechanism causing yield is by the loss of the energy’s convexity (causing irreversible re-arrangements of the micro-structure, either locally or globally). We focus on this mechanism in the context of granular solid hydrodynamics (GSH), generalized for very soft materials, i.e., large elastic deformations, employing it in an over-simplified (bottom-up) fashion by setting as many parameters as possible to constant. Also, we complemented/completed GSH by using various insights/observations from particle simulations and calibrating some of the theoretical parameters—both continuum and particle points of view are reviewed in the context of the research developments during the last few years. Any other energy-based elastic-plastic theory that is properly calibrated (top-down), by experimental or numerical data, would describe granular solids. But only if it would cover granular gas, fluid, and solid states simultaneously (as GSH does) could it follow the system transitions and evolution through all states into un-jammed, possibly dynamic/collisional states—and back to elastically stable ones. We show how the un-jamming dynamics starts off, unfolds, develops, and ends. We follow the system through various deformation modes: transitions, yielding, un-jamming and jamming, both analytically and numerically and bring together the material point continuum model with particle simulations, quantitatively.Graphic abstract
Parameter estimation and signal reconstruction
Authors: Skrzipek Michael-Ralf 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn frequency analysis an often appearing problem is the reconstruction of a signal from given samples. Since the samples are usually noised, pure interpolating approaches are not recommended and appropriate approximation methods are more suitable as they can be interpreted as a kind of denoising. Two approaches are widely used. One uses the reflection coefficients of a finite sequence of Szegő polynomials and the other one the zeros of the so called Prony polynomial. We show that both approaches are closely related. As a kind of inverse problem, it’s not surprising that they have in common that both methods depend very sensitive on sampling errors. We use known properties of the signal to estimate the positions of the zeros of the corresponding Szegő- or Prony-like polynomials and construct adaptive algorithms to calculate these ones. Hereby, we get the corresponding parameters in the exponential parts of the signal, too. Then, the coefficients of the signal (as a linear combination of such exponential functions) can be obtained from a system of linear equations by minimizing the residuals with respect to a suitable norm as a kind of denoising.
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder of All Ages, Levels of Symptom Severity and General Cognitive Ability Display Low Processing Speed Index Scores Warranting Special Educational Assistance
Authors: Linnenbank M. , Feldmann R. , Schulte-Körne G. , Beimdiek S. , Strittmatter E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe processing speed index (PSI) of the Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC-IV) has been found to predict a child's level of academic functioning. The consistently reported PSI weakness in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) therefore warrants special assistance and attempts at compensation for the disadvantages associated with these children's low PSI. We investigated the association of PSI scores with age, general cognitive ability [as measured by full-scale IQ (FSIQ)], symptom severity and discrepancy between the WISC-IV indices verbal comprehension (VCI) and perceptual reasoning (PRI) in 101 school children with ASD. The PSI weakness in children with ASD was not related to age, FSIQ, VCI-PRI discrepancy or any of the symptom measures. These findings suggest that school children with ASD independent of their age, level of cognitive ability, VCI-PRI profile and most notably independent of their symptom severity should be entitled to special assistance and compensation in educational settings.
Multimorbidity and Disability Among Venezuelan Migrants: A Population-Based Survey in Peru
Authors: Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio , Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe political and economic crisis in Venezuela has originated an unprecedented migration. As of November 2020, 1.04 million Venezuelans have moved to Peru. Understanding their health profile is needed to identify their needs, provide care and secure resources without affecting the healthcare of nationals. We quantified the burden of multimorbidity and disability in the Venezuelan population in Peru. We analyzed the 2018 Survey of Venezuelan Population Living in Peru; population-based with random sampling survey in six cities in Peru. Participants were asked about the presence of 12 chronic conditions (self-reported); this information was grouped into 0, 1 and ≥ 2 conditions (i.e., multimorbidity). Disability was also ascertained with a self-reported questionnaire adapted from the short version of the Washington Group on Disability Statistics. Socioeconomic variables were analyzed as potential determinants. Variables were described with frequencies and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), compared with Chi2 test, and association estimates were derived with a Poisson regression reporting prevalence ratio and 95% CI. Results accounted for the complex survey design. The analysis included 7554 migrants, mean age 31.8 (SD: 10.2), 46.6% were women, 31.7% migrated alone and 5.6% had refugee status. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 0.6% (95% CI 0.4–0.9%), and was often present in women (p < 0.001), people ≥ 50 years (p < 0.001) and those without recent job (p < 0.001). The prevalence of disability was 2.0% (95% CI 1.5–2.7%), and was common among people ≥ 50 years (p < 0.001) and those without recent job (p < 0.001). Migration alone and refugee status were not associated with multimorbidity or disability. The self-reported prevalence of multimorbidity and disability in Venezuelan migrants in Peru was low, and were not strongly influenced by migration status. While these results could suggest a healthy migrant effect, the healthcare system should be prepared to deliver acute and preventive care for these migrants, while also securing primary prevention to delay the onset of chronic conditions in this population.
Preliminary Characterisation of Wastes Generated from the Rapeseed and Sunflower Protein Isolation Process and Their Valorisation in Delaying Oil Oxidation
Authors: Cisneros-Yupanqui Miluska , Chalova Vesela I. , Kalaydzhiev Hristo R. , Mihaylova Dasha , Krastanov Albert I. , Lante Anna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince rapeseed and sunflower meals are two of the most representative oilseed crops in the world, this study was focused on ethanol-wash solutes (EWS) obtained as wastes from the protein isolation process of rapeseed and sunflower meals. These meals have been previously valorised; however, the use of the EWS is unexplored. The present study is aimed at the characterisation of their phenolic profile, and antioxidant capacity for preventing lipid oxidation in rapeseed, sunflower, and soybean oil, which has been used as a reference oil. The sunflower EWS exhibited more total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (119.39 ± 1.13 mg GA/g and 193.97 ± 9.77 mg TE/g, respectively) than the rapeseed one (103.44 ± 5.94 mg GA/g and 89.51 ± 3.17 mg TE/g). The phenolic identification showed hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acid in the rapeseed EWS, and pyrogallol and caffeic acid in the sunflower EWS, as the main representative phenols. Both EWS at 15% increased significantly (p < 0.05) the oxidative stability of the oils in the Rancimat equipment with values of antioxidant activity index (AAI) from 1.01 to 1.20, depending on the type of oil employed. In conclusion, the rapeseed and sunflower EWS showed great potential, and they could be used as a source of natural antioxidants within the food industry, replacing the synthetic ones, and promoting the circular economy since they are agro-food wastes.
The biological Maxwell's demons: exploring ideas about the information processing in biological systems
Authors: Mizraji Eduardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work is based on ideas supported by some of the biologists who discovered foundational facts of twentieth-century biology and who argued that Maxwell's demons are physically implemented by biological devices. In particular, JBS Haldane first, and later J. Monod, A, Lwoff and F. Jacob argued that enzymes and molecular receptors implemented Maxwell's demons that operate in systems far removed from thermodynamic equilibrium and that were responsible for creating the biological order. Later, these ideas were extended to other biological processes. In this article, we argue that these biological Maxwell's demons (BMD) are systems that have information processing capabilities that allow them to select their inputs and direct their outputs toward targets. In this context, we propose the idea that these BMD are information catalysts in which the processed information has broad thermodynamic consequences.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms are suitable for assessing the success of restocking efforts of the European lobster (Homarus gammarus, L.)
Authors: De Wit Pierre , Svanberg Linda , Casties Isabel , Eriksson Susanne P. , Sundell Kristina , André Carl 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe European lobster (Homarus gammarus) forms the base of an important fishery along the coasts of Europe. However, stocks have been in decline for many years, prompting new regulations in the fishery and also restocking efforts. An important feature of any restocking effort is the assessment of success in the number of released juveniles that stay and become adult over time. Here, we tested the power of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA marker panel developed for population assignment to correctly infer parentage on the maternal side of lobster larvae, in the absence of known fathers, using lobsters included in a current restocking effort on the Swedish west coast. We also examined the power to reconstruct the unknown paternal genotypes, and examined the number of fathers for each larval clutch. We found that the 96-SNP panel, despite only containing 78 informative markers, allowed us to assign all larvae to the correct mother. Furthermore, with ten genotyped larvae or more, confident paternal genotypes could be reconstructed. We also found that 15 out of 17 clutches were full siblings, whereas two clutches had two fathers. To our knowledge, this is the first time a SNP panel of this size has been used to assess parentage in a crustacean restocking effort. Our conclusion is that the panel works well, and that it could be an important tool for the assessment of restocking success of H. gammarus in the future.
NADase and now Ca2+ channel, what else to learn about plant NLRs?
Authors: Wan Li , He Zuhua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlant intracellular immune receptors known as NLR (Nucleotide-binding Leucine-rich repeat, NB-LRR) proteins confer resistance and cause cell death upon recognition of cognate effector proteins from pathogens. Plant NLRs contain a variable N-terminal domain: a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain or a coiled-coil (CC) domain or an RPW8 (Resistance to Powdery Mildew 8)-like CC (CCR) domain. TIR-NLR, CC-NLR and CCR-NLR are known as TNL, CNL and RNL, respectively. TNLs and CNLs recognize pathogen effectors to activate cell death and defense responses, thus are regarded as sensor NLRs. RNLs are required downstream of TNLs to activate cell death and defense responses, thus are regarded as helper NLRs. Previous studies show that some TNLs form tetrameric resistosome as NAD+ cleaving enzymes to transduce signal, while some CNLs form pentameric resistosome with undefined biochemical function. Two recent breakthrough studies show that activated CNL and RNL function as Ca2+ channel to cause cell death and defense responses and provide a completely new insight into the downstream signaling events of CNL and TNL pathways.
Certain dietary patterns are associated with GLIM criteria among Chinese community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Yeung Suey S. Y. , Chan Ruth S. M. , Lee Jenny S. W. , Woo Jean 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Disease-related malnutrition is prevalent among older adults; therefore, identifying the modifiable risk factors in the diet is essential for the prevention and management of disease-related malnutrition. The present study examined the cross-sectional association between dietary patterns and malnutrition in Chinese community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years in Hong Kong. Dietary patterns, including Diet Quality Index International (DQI-I), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Mediterranean Diet Score, ‘vegetable–fruit’ pattern, ‘snack–drink–milk product’ pattern and ‘meat–fish’ pattern, were estimated and generated from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Malnutrition was classified according to the modified Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria based on two phenotypic components (low body mass index and reduced muscle mass) and one aetiologic component (inflammation/disease burden). The association between the tertile or level of adherence of each dietary pattern and modified GLIM criteria was analysed using adjusted binary logistic regression models. Data of 3694 participants were available (49 % men). Malnutrition was present in 397 participants (10⋅7 %). In men, a higher DQI-I score, a higher ‘vegetable–fruit’ pattern score and a lower ‘meat–fish’ pattern score were associated with a lower risk of malnutrition. In women, higher adherence to the DASH diet was associated with a lower risk of malnutrition. After the Bonferroni correction, the association remained statistically significant only in men for the DQI-I score. To conclude, a higher DQI-I score was associated with a lower risk of malnutrition in Chinese older men. Nutritional strategies for the prevention and management of malnutrition could potentially be targeted on dietary quality.
Proteins from eggs of the spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) reveal clues about its diapause regulation
Authors: Saraiva Nayara B. , Auad Alexander M. , Barros Edvaldo , Coutinho Flaviane S. , Pereira Jorge F. , Barros Rafael A. , Ramos Humberto J. O. , Oliveira Maria G. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEmbryo development in eggs of the spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) passes through four phases (known as S1 to S4) being stopped at S2 during diapause. Studies about the molecular basis of diapause in spittlebugs are nonexistent. Here, we analyzed proteins from non-diapausing (ND), diapausing (D) and post-diapausing (PD) eggs of the spittlebug M. spectabilis. In total, we identified 87 proteins where 12 were in common among the developmental and diapause phases and 19 remained as uncharacterized. Non-diapausing eggs (S2ND and S4ND) showed more proteins involved in information storage and processing than the diapausing ones (S2D). Eggs in post-diapausing (S4PD) had a higher number of proteins associated with metabolism than S2D. The network of protein interactions and metabolic processes allowed the identification of different sets of molecular interactions for each developmental and diapause phases. Two heat shock proteins (Hsp65 and Hsp70) along with two proteins associated with intracellular signaling (MAP4K and a serine/threonine-protein phosphatase) were found only in diapausing and/or post-diapausing eggs and are interesting targets to be explored in future experiments. These results shine a light on one key biological process for spittlebug survival and represent the first search for proteins linked to diapause in this important group of insects.
Behind the SNC-Lavalin Scandal: The Transnational Diffusion of Corporate Diversion
Authors: Acorn Elizabeth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAt issue in the SNC-Lavalin scandal was a new tool of corporate criminal law: remediation agreements. Introduced in 2018, remediation agreements allow corporate diversion and create an alternative to the prosecution of corporations suspected of criminal wrongdoing. This article examines why the federal government adopted and chose this particular new tool. Drawing on a wide-ranging documentary record, I argue that this reform was the product of transnational lawmaking and the ongoing influence of Canada's international commitments to prohibit and punish foreign bribery. The article shows how international criticism of Canada's lacklustre anti–foreign bribery enforcement record catalyzed cross-national policy diffusion and learning from other states. This led Canada to adopt corporate diversion, which promised greater enforcement, and also led Canada to adopt a form of the practice with legislative and judicial limits that narrowed the chances of any company—including SNC-Lavalin—of obtaining a remediation agreement.
Sexual dimorphism and biology of the large deepwater mastigoteuthid squid Idioteuthis cordiformis (Cephalopoda, Mastigoteuthidae) off Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Jackson George D. , Jackson Christine H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study provided biological information on 146 specimens of the poorly known deepwater mastigoteuthid squid Idioteuthis cordiformis. Mantle length ranged from 200–500 mm for males and 270–702 mm for females. The largest female weighed just under 12 kg. The majority of males were mature and all females were immature. The fins were larger and thicker than the mantle. Mantle weight of males and females was 44.8% and 55.2% of fin weight, respectively, and were significantly different. There was a significant sex effect on mantle length, total weight, mantle weight and fin weight, with females having greater values in all categories. There was a small season effect for mantle weight and fin weight. There was little ingested prey material except fluid and oil in the caecum that was typically bright orange or red. Total fluid volume ranged from 23–230 ml and 20–550 ml for males and females, respectively. The per cent oil component of total fluids in the caecum ranged from 6.9–50% and 10.8–50% for males and females, respectively, with no significant difference in per cent oil between males and females. There was a significant positive relationship between total weight and oil volume for females, and for males and females combined. The function of the oil is uncertain. While this study provided information on sex differences in the body size, sexual dimorphism and caecum oil content, information is still incomplete regarding reproduction due to the lack of any mature females captured in this study.
On membership of the United Nations and the State of Palestine: A critical account
Authors: Imseis Ardi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAgainst the context of pending judicial proceedings between the State of Palestine and the United States of America (US) at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), this article critically examines the United Nations (UN) commitment to the international rule of law through an examination of its consideration of Palestine’s 2011 application for membership in the organization. The universality of membership of the UN is a foundation upon which the organization rests. The international law governing UN admission has accordingly been marked by a liberal, flexible and permissive interpretation of the test for membership contained in the UN Charter. In contrast, an assessment of the UN’s consideration of Palestine’s application for membership demonstrates that it was subjected to an unduly narrow, strict and resultantly flawed application of the membership criteria. An examination of the contemporaneous debates of the Council demonstrates that the main driver of this was the US, which used its legal authority as a permanent member of the Council to block Palestine’s membership. The principle argument used against membership was the US’s view that Palestine does not qualify as a state under international law. Notwithstanding, the State of Palestine has been recognized by 139 member states of the UN and has acceded to a number of treaties that furnish it with access to the ICJ. While a number of articles have been written about Palestine’s statehood, little has been written on the UN’s consideration of Palestine’s 2011 application for membership. Palestine v. USA provides a renewed opportunity to do so.