bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionotropic receptor 8a is involved in the attraction of Helicoverpa armigera to acetic acid
Authors: Zhang Xia‐Xuan , Yang Bin , Sun Dong‐Dong , Guo Meng‐Bo , Zhang Jie , Wang Gui‐Rong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIonotropic receptors (IRs) were first found in Drosophila melanogaster, and derive from ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), which are implicated in detecting acids, ammonia, amine, temperature and humidity. Although IRs are involved in sensing acid odors in a few insects, such as D. melanogaster, Aedes aegypti, and Manduca sexta, the function of IRs in Helicoverpa armigera is still unknown. IR8a was confirmed to be a co‐receptor associated with acid detection. From the results of phylogenetic analysis, HarmIR8a displayed high similarity compared to homologs in D. melanogaster, M. sexta, and A. aegypti, suggesting that HarmIR8a might have a consistent function as a co‐receptor for acid detection. In this study, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9)‐mediated genome editing was implemented to knockout HarmIR8a for in vivo functional analysis. Electrophysiological and behavioral assays were performed to compare the differences between HarmIR8a knockout mutants and wild type individuals. From electroantennogram (EAG) analysis, we found that wild type H. armigera adults could detect short‐chain carboxylic acids. In addition, wind tunnel experiments showed that 1% acetic acid attracted wild type H. armigera adults. However, acid sensing and attraction were reduced or abolished in the HarmIR8a knockout mutants. Our data suggest that HarmIR8a is important for H. armigera to detect short‐chain carboxylic acids and mediate attraction behavior to acetic acid.
Herbivory shapes the rhizosphere bacterial microbiota in potato plants
Authors: Malacrinò Antonino , Wang Mingyuan , Caul Sandra , Karley Alison J. , Bennett Alison E. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryPlant‐associated microbiomes assist their host in a variety of activities, spanning from nutrition to defence against herbivores and diseases. Previous research showed that plant‐associated microbiomes shift their composition when plants are exposed to stressors, including herbivory. However, existing studies explored only single herbivore‐plant combinations, whereas plants are often attacked by several different herbivores, but the effects of multiple herbivore types on the plant microbiome remain to be determined. Here, we first tested whether feeding by different herbivores (aphids, nematodes and slugs) produces a shift in the rhizosphere bacterial microbiota associated with potato plants. Then, we expanded this question asking whether the identity of the herbivore produces different effects on the rhizosphere microbial community. While we found shifts in microbial diversity and structure due to herbivory, we observed that the herbivore identity does not influence the diversity or community structure of bacteria thriving in the rhizosphere. However, a deeper analysis revealed that the herbivores differentially affected the structure of the network of microbial co‐occurrences. Our results have the potential to increase our ability to predict how plant microbiomes assemble and aid our understanding of the role of plant microbiome in plant responses to biotic stress.
Aversive drug cues reduce cigarette craving and increase prefrontal cortex activation during processing of cigarette cues in quitting motivated smokers
Authors: Kunas Stefanie L. , Bermpohl Felix , Plank Irene S. , Ströhle Andreas , Stuke Heiner 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAversive drug cues can be used to support smoking cessation and create awareness of negative health consequences of smoking. Better understanding of the effects of aversive drug cues on craving and the processing of appetitive drug cues in abstinence motivated smokers is important to further improve their use in cessation therapy and smoking‐related public health measures. In this study, 38 quitting motivated smokers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing a novel extended cue‐reactivity paradigm. Pictures of cigarettes served as appetitive drug cues, which were preceded by either aversive drug cues (e.g., smokers' leg) or other cues (neutral or alternative reward cues). Participants were instructed to rate their craving for cigarettes after presentation of drug cues. When aversive drug cues preceded the presentation of appetitive drug cues, behavioural craving was reduced and activations in prefrontal (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and paralimbic (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex [dACC] and anterior insulae) areas were enhanced. A positive association between behavioural craving reduction and neurofunctional activation changes was shown for the right dACC. Our results suggest that aversive drug cues have an impact on the processing of appetitive drug cues, both on a neurofunctional and a behavioural level. A proposed model states that aversive drug‐related cues activate control‐associated brain areas (e.g., dACC), leading to increased inhibitory control on reward‐associated brain areas (e.g., putamen) and a reduction in subjective cravings.
Comparison of saliva cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide concentrations when smoking and after being offered dual nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy
Authors: Slaich Bhavandeep , Claire Ravinder , Emery Joanne , Lewis Sarah , Cooper Sue , Thomson Ross , Phillips Lucy , Kinahan‐Goodwin Darren , Naughton Felix , McDaid Lisa , Clark Miranda , Dickinson Anne , Coleman Tim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough English Stop Smoking Services routinely offer dual nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to help pregnant women to quit smoking, little is known about how nicotine and tobacco smoke exposures following this compare with that from smoking. We compared, in pregnant women when smoking and after being offered dual NRT, saliva cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations and numbers of daily cigarettes smoked.Design and SettingSecondary analysis of data from three sequential, observational, mixed‐methods cohort studies conducted as part of the Nicotine Replacement Effectiveness and Delivery in Pregnancy programme. Participants were recruited on‐line or in Nottingham University Hospitals (UK) antenatal clinics between June 2019 and September 2020.ParticipantsForty pregnant women, who agreed to try stopping smoking.InterventionParticipants were offered dual NRT, agreed a smoking quit date and received an intervention to improve adherence to NRT.MeasurementsSaliva cotinine and exhaled CO concentrations and reported number of cigarettes smoked per day.FindingsThere were no differences in saliva cotinine concentrations at baseline and day 7 post quit date [n = 20, mean difference = −32.31 ng/ml, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −68.11 to 3.5 ng/ml; P = 0.074, Bayes factor = 0.04]. There were reductions in the reported number of cigarettes smoked per day (n = 26, mean difference = −7 cigarettes, 95% CI = −8.35 to −5.42 cigarettes, P < 0.001) and concurrently in exhaled CO concentrations (n = 17, ratio of geometric means = 0.30 p.p.m., 95% CI = 0.17–0.52 p.p.m.; P < 0.001).ConclusionPregnant women who smoke and are offered dual nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) appear to show no change in their exposure to cotinine compared with their pre‐NRT exposure levels but they report smoking fewer cigarettes, as validated by reductions in exhaled carbon monoxide concentrations.
Rethink My Drink: study protocol for a 12‐month randomised controlled trial comparing a brief internet‐delivered intervention to an online patient information booklet in reducing risky alcohol consumption among older adults in Australia
Authors: Hoy Nicholas , Newton Nicola , Kochan Nicole A. , Sunderland Matthew , Baillie Andrew , Chapman Cath , Winter Virginia , Sachdev Perminder , Teesson Maree , Mewton Louise 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsAlcohol consumption is increasing among older adults. Rethink My Drink is a brief internet‐delivered intervention to reduce alcohol consumption and related harms, adapted specifically for older adults. This protocol for a large‐scale randomised controlled trial will evaluate whether Rethink My Drink is effective in reducing alcohol consumption and cognitive decline in a sample of older risky drinkers, compared with an active control.Design1:1 parallel group, randomised controlled trial.SettingOnline trial in Australia.ParticipantsHazardous or harmful drinkers (defined as those scoring ≥5 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT]) age 60 to 75 years old (n = 842). Participants will be recruited from August 2021 to August 2022 through online social media advertisements and community networks.Intervention and ComparatorParticipants will be randomly allocated to receive access to Rethink My Drink (intervention) or Alcohol: The Facts (comparator), an online patient information booklet provided by New South Wales (NSW) Health.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes include (i) average weekly standard drinks and (ii) rate of cognitive decline. Secondary outcomes include (i) typical quantity of drinks per drinking day; (ii) heavy episodic drinking; (iii) age‐specific risky drinking; (iv) alcohol‐related harms; (v) subjective cognitive complaints; and (vi) quality of life. All primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post‐intervention (4 weeks) and 12 months. Effectiveness will be evaluated using multilevel linear regression, adjusting for baseline demographic differences. Bonferroni adjustments will be used to control for multiple comparisons. Multiple imputation, regression weighting and sensitivity analyses will assess the effect of attrition.CommentsThis will be the first large‐scale trial, internationally, to examine whether a brief internet‐delivered intervention is effective in reducing alcohol consumption and cognitive decline among older adults. If successful, the intervention will provide an accessible and highly scalable treatment to reduce risky alcohol consumption in older adulthood.
Factors associated with dual and polytobacco use among people in residential substance use disorder treatment
Authors: Nguyen Nhung , Kapiteni Kwinoja , Straus Elana R. , Guydish Joseph 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLittle is known about whether people in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment are at risk for multiple‐tobacco use. We examined the factors associated with dual‐ and polytobacco use among clients in SUD treatment.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 2019 among 562 clients (Mage = 39, 74% male) in 20 residential SUD treatment programs in California, USA. The outcomes included single‐, dual‐ (use of two products), and polytobacco use (use of three of more products). Independent variables were nicotine dependence, quitting‐related factors, blunt/spliff use, and health‐related factors. A multinomial model examined associations between the independent variables and the outcome, controlling for demographics, and time in treatment.ResultsOverall, 32.6%, 18.9%, and 14.0% of the sample were single‐, dual‐, and polytobacco users, respectively. Factors associated with increased odds of polytobacco use included greater nicotine dependence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.19, 2.16), ever using e‐cigarettes for quitting (AOR = 4.56; 95% CI = 2.23, 9.34), and past 30‐day use of blunt/spliff (AOR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.48, 5.89). Factors associated with increased odds of dual use were ever using e‐cigarettes for quitting (AOR = 3.19; 95% CI = 1.79, 5.66) and reporting more mentally unhealthy days (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.07).Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceThis study extends the literature on tobacco use among people in SUD treatment by revealing the high prevalence of dual‐ and polytobacco use and the unique characteristics of users. The findings have implications for interventions reducing all types of tobacco use in this understudied population.
Management of allergic diseases in pregnancy
Authors: Pfaller Birgit , Bendien Sarah , Ditisheim Agnès , Eiwegger Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAllergic diseases like asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, hymenoptera allergy, or atopic dermatitis are highly prevalent in women of childbearing age and may affect up to 30% of this age group. This review focuses on the management of allergic diseases during pregnancy. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges of counseling women with allergic diseases in the reproductive age, including considerations relevant to the ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. To create the optimal milieu for the unborn child, a multitude of immunological changes occur during pregnancy which may favor type 2 responses and aggravate disease phenotypes. In co‐occurrence with suboptimal preconception disease control, this elevated Th2 responses may aggravate allergic disease manifestations during pregnancy and pose a risk for mother and child. Due to limitations in conducting clinical trials in pregnant women, safety data on anti‐allergic drugs during pregnancy are limited. The lack of information and concerns among pregnant patients demands counseling on the benefits of anti‐allergic drugs and the potential and known risks. This includes information on the risk for mother and child of disease aggravation in the absence of treatment. By doing so, informed decisions and shared decision‐making can take place.
Handle with care: Assessing performance measures of medical AI for shared clinical decision‐making
Authors: Holm Sune 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article I consider two pertinent questions that practitioners must consider when they deploy an algorithmic system as support in clinical shared decision‐making. The first question concerns how to interpret and assess the significance of different performance measures for clinical decision‐making. The second question concerns the professional obligations that practitioners have to communicate information about the quality of an algorithm's output to patients in light of the principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice. In the article I review the four standard performance measures used to evaluate and validate algorithms, outline their role in the discussion of algorithmic fairness, and discuss the professional responsibilities that practitioners face when communicating information about these measures to patients.
Parental educational aspirations and children’s academic self‐concept: Disentangling state and trait components on their dynamic interplay
Authors: Buchmann Marlis , Grütter Jeanine , Zuffianò Antonio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe dynamic interplay of parental educational aspirations and children's academic self‐concept was examined from late childhood through mid‐adolescence within a transactional socialization framework. Parental and child data were gained from a representative Swiss sample within 3‐year intervals (NT1 = 1118; 51% females; 28% migration background; Mage T1 = 9.26, Mage T2 = 12.14, Mage T3 = 15.32). Results from a random intercept cross‐lagged panel model revealed positive associations between the two constructs at the between‐ and within‐person level. Findings showed general and time‐specific associations between children and parents and reciprocal spill‐over effects, whereby higher than usual aspirations predicted higher than usual academic self‐concept over time and vice versa, highlighting transactional processes in the context of educational transitions.
Perceived stress, resources and adaptation in relation to the COVID‐19 lockdown in Spanish foster and non‐foster families
Authors: Bernedo Isabel M. , Oliver Jesús , Urbano‐Contreras Antonio , González‐Pasarín Lucía 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe lockdown imposed as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic has placed unprecedented stress on families. The family is a key system in relation to child development, and when birth families are unable to meet their child's needs, foster carers become an important source of support in their development. The Double ABC‐X Model of family stress and adaptation considers that a family's capacity to cope with stressful situations is influenced by pile‐up of stressors, family resources and perception of the situation. Following this model, the study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on family stress and functioning. The sample comprised 347 Spanish adults (100 with foster families and 247 with non‐foster families) who completed a survey during lockdown. The results showed that certain sociodemographic variables (gender, income, working from home, characteristics of the home and children with special educational needs) were associated with stressors during lockdown, perception of the lockdown, and family adaptation to stress during lockdown. Associations were also found between stressors, family resources, perception of lockdown, and family adaptation in foster and non‐foster families, with the former having a more positive perception of the lockdown experience. The relevance of the results and their implications are discussed.
Quantifying displacement of urogenital organs after abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Sharabiany Sarah , Strijk Gaby J. , Blok Robin D. , Ferrett Colin G. , Stoker Jaap , Cunningham Christopher , van der Bilt Jarmila D. W. , van Geloven Anna A. W. , Bemelman Wilhelmus A. , Hompes Roel , Musters Gijsbert D. , Tanis Pieter J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to quantify displacement of urogenital organs after abdominoperineal resection (APR), and to explore patient and treatment characteristics associated with displacement.MethodPatients from 16 centres who underwent APR for primary or recurrent rectal cancer (2001–2018) with evaluable preoperative and 6–18 months postoperative radiological imaging were included in the study. Anatomical landmarks on sagittal images were related to a coordinate system based on reference lines between fixed bony structures and absolute displacements were calculated using the Pythagorean theorem. Rotation of landmarks was measured relative to a pubic‐S5 reference line.ResultsThere were 248 patients included of which 171 were men and 77 women. The median displacement of the internal urethral orifice was 25 mm in men (maximum 65), and 17 mm in women (maximum 50). Rotation of the internal urethral orifice was in a caudal direction in 160/170 (94%) of men and 65/73 (89%) of women, with a median of 32 degrees (maximum 85) and 33 degrees (maximum 83), respectively. Displacements of the posterior bladder wall, distal end of prostatic urethra and cervix were significantly correlated with the internal urethral orifice. In linear regression analysis, biological mesh reconstruction of the pelvic floor and visceral interposition were significantly associated with increased displacement of the internal urethral orifice, and female gender and any filling of the presacral space with decreased displacement.ConclusionsSubstantial absolute displacement and rotation of urogenital organs after APR for rectal cancer were observed, but with high variability among both men and women, and being significantly associated with reconstructive interventions.
Leadership, management, quality, and innovation in organ donation: 2019 Kunming recommendations for One Belt & One Road countries
Authors: Ballesté Chloe , Navarro Aurora , Escalante José Luis , Quiralte Arantxa , Vera Elisa , França Ana , Avsec Danica , Leitchman Alan , Valero Ricard , Istrate Melania , Gómez María Paula , Zhou Minkang , Arredondo Estephan , Boni Reginaldo , Domínguez‐Roldán José María , Zhao Hongtao , Wang Haibo , Pu Miao , Lu Wei , Li Li , Manyalich Martí ,   The Kunming Recommendations Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe findings and recommendations of the 2019 consensus conference in organ donation, held in Kunming, China, are here reported. The main objective of the conference was to gather relevant information from experts involved in the field. The data and opinions provided allowed to propose a series of recommendations for “One Belt & One Road Countries” on how to achieve self‐sufficiency in organ donation. Leadership in organ donation should be results‐oriented and goal‐driven based on the principles of excellence, empowerment, and engagement, providing the means, resources, and strategies necessary to reach the goal in earnest. Management includes good governance and transparency of a national registry of patients in the waiting list, donors, transplants, transplant teams, quality, and safety programs with continuous educational training of health care professionals. Mandatory monitoring, auditing and evaluation of quality must be incorporated into donation practices as relevant points in innovation, as well as the adoption of already established and novel processes and technologies. Achievement of self‐sufficiency in organ donation is a crucial step to fight against transplant tourism and to prevent organ trafficking. Based on recommendations arising from the conference, each country could review and develop individualized action plans adjusted to its own circumstances and reality.
Prickly Skink (Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae) use of supplemental coarse woody debris in rainforest restoration sites
Authors: Freeman Amanda N. D. , Freeman Alastair B. , Shoo Luke P. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryCoarse woody debris (CWD) is a critical resource for some rainforest reptiles but is slow to develop in restoration sites. In four restoration plantings in north Queensland, Australia, salvaged log and fence post piles were added to facilitate the return of reptiles, particularly the log‐specialist Prickly Skink (Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae). Between one year and six and a half years after supplemental CWD installation, the reporting rate of Prickly Skink individuals in CWD piles had increased from 6.7 and 0% to 12.5 and 37.5% for log and post piles, respectively. This coincided with substantial increases in the level of decay of CWD piles, particularly logs that had mostly decayed to particulate matter rendering them unsuitable for the Prickly Skink. CWD addition can be a useful tool to accelerate the development of rainforest reptile communities in young restoration sites. However, the persistence of supplementary CWD in a rainforest environment can be modest due to the high rates of CWD decay. As such, we recommend using high‐density salvaged logs where possible and to make allowances for future replenishment of supplementary CWD if the volume of natural CWD in a restoration site remains low.