bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of yield, phytochemical composition, and photosynthetic pigments in different mint ecotypes under salinity stress
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Jaber , Tahmasebi‐Sarvestani Zeinolabedin , Pirdashti Hemmatollah , Modarres‐Sanavy Seyed Ali Mohammad , Mokhtassi‐Bidgoli Ali , Hazrati Saeid , Nicola Silvana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSalinity stress is one of the main limiting factors of medicinal plant growth and may affect their characteristics and chemical composition. In order to evaluate the response of different species of Iranian mint to salinity stress, an experiment was designed in greenhouse conditions. In this experiment, six Iranian mint species were cultivated in pots under different salinity stress including 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 dS/m. The chlorophyll indices (a, b, total, and a/b ratio), carotenoids, total anthocyanin, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, dry matter yield, and essential oil content were measured in two different harvest stages. Salinity stress affected various measured traits. The results showed that despite the negative effect of salinity stress on photosynthetic pigments, in some ecotypes and species, photosynthetic pigments were not affected by salinity stress. The amount of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total anthocyanin increased in response to salinity stress. The dry matter decreased under salinity stress, but the content of essential oil increased as a result of salinity stress increment. The results of PCA biplot showed that the E16 and E18 ecotypes were separated by a large distance. Among the various ecotypes, E18 had the most desirable traits which can be recognized as a salt‐tolerant ecotype. Also, piperita species was the best among the species in all salinity stress levels.
Factors influencing prescription and administration of analgesic medication: A longitudinal study of people with dementia living in care homes
Authors: La Frenais Francesca , Vickerstaff Victoria , Cooper Claudia , Livingston Gill , Stone Patrick , Sampson Elizabeth L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo (1) describe the prescription and administration of regular and ‘as required’ (pro re nata [PRN]) analgesics in English care homes, (2) investigate individual and care home factors associated with analgesic use.MethodsWe collected data (2014–2016) at 0‐, 4‐, and 12‐months nested in a longitudinal cohort study of 86 English care homes about residents with diagnosed or probable dementia. We describe analgesics prescribed as regular or PRN medication, by class, and PRN administration. We explored individual differences (sociodemographic; dementia severity [Clinical Dementia Rating]), and care home differences (type; ownership; number of beds; dementia‐registered/specialist; Care Quality Commission rating) in prescription and administration using multilevel regression models.ResultsData were available for 1483 residents. At baseline, 967 residents (67.9%) were prescribed analgesics: 426 residents (28.7%) prescribed regular analgesics and 670 (45.2%) prescribed PRN. Paracetamol was the most prescribed analgesic (56.7%), with PRN prescriptions more common than regular (39.7% vs. 16.6%). Across all study visits, 344 residents (mean = 41.9%) with a PRN prescription did not receive any analgesic in the 2 weeks prior to data collection. Male residents and those with severe dementia received fewer analgesics. Care homes differences in PRN administration were not explained by the modelled variables.ConclusionsPain management in English care homes largely relies on PRN paracetamol that is frequently prescribed but infrequently administered. Care homes differ in how often they administer PRN analgesics. Some care home residents particularly those with more severe dementia are likely to have untreated pain.
The Multiscale TROPIcal CatchmentS critical zone observatory M‐TROPICS dataset II: Land use, hydrology and sediment production monitoring in Houay Pano, northern Lao PDR
Authors: Boithias Laurie , Auda Yves , Audry Stéphane , Bricquet Jean‐Pierre , Chanhphengxay Alounsavath , Chaplot Vincent , de Rouw Anneke , Henry des Tureaux Thierry , Huon Sylvain , Janeau Jean‐Louis , Latsachack Keooudone , Le Troquer Yann , Lestrelin Guillaume , Maeght Jean‐Luc , Marchand Pierre , Moreau Pierre , Noble Andrew , Pando‐Bahuon Anne , Phachomphon Kongkeo , Phanthavong Khambai , Pierret Alain , Ribolzi Olivier , Riotte Jean , Robain Henri , Rochelle‐Newall Emma , Sayavong Saysongkham , Sengtaheuanghoung Oloth , Silvera Norbert , Sipaseuth Nivong , Soulileuth Bounsamay , Souliyavongsa Xaysatith , Sounyaphong Phapvilay , Tasaketh Sengkeo , Thammahacksa Chanthamousone , Thiebaux Jean‐Pierre , Valentin Christian , Vigiak Olga , Viguier Marion , Xayyathip Khampaseuth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMountain regions of the humid tropics are characterized by steep slopes and heavy rains. These regions are thus prone to both high surface runoff and soil erosion. In Southeast Asia, uplands are also subject to rapid land‐use change, predominantly as a result of increased population pressure and market forces. Since 1998, the Houay Pano site, located in northern Lao PDR (19.85°N 102.17°E) within the Mekong basin, aims at assessing the long‐term impact of the conversion of traditional slash‐and‐burn cultivation systems to commercial perennial monocultures such as teak tree plantations, on the catchment hydrological response and sediment yield. The instrumented site monitors hydro‐meteorological and soil loss parameters at both microplot (1 m2) and small catchment (0.6 km2) scales. The monitored catchment is part of the network of critical zone observatories named Multiscale TROPIcal CatchmentS (M‐TROPICS). The data shared by M‐TROPICS in Houay Pano are (1) rainfall, (2) air temperature, air relative humidity, wind speed, and global radiation, (3) catchment land use, (4) stream water level, suspended particulate matter, bed particulate matter and stones, (5) soil surface features, and (6) soil surface runoff and soil detachment. The dataset has already been used to interpret suspended particulate matter and bed particulate matter sources and dynamics, to assess the impact of land‐use change on catchment hydrology, soil erosion, and sediment yields, to understand bacteria fate and weed seed transport across the catchment, and to build catchment‐scale models focused on hydrology and water quality issues. The dataset may be further used to, for example, assess the role of headwater catchments in large tropical river basin hydrology, support the interpretation of new variables measured in the catchment (e.g., contaminants other than faecal bacteria), and assess the relative impacts of both climate and land‐use change on the catchment.
Prospective analyses of testosterone and sex hormone‐binding globulin with the risk of 19 types of cancer in men and postmenopausal women in UK Biobank
Authors: Watts Eleanor L. , Perez‐Cornago Aurora , Knuppel Anika , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Key Timothy J. , Travis Ruth C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigated the associations of estimated free and total circulating testosterone and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) with cancer risk in men and postmenopausal women, using a pan‐cancer approach, including 19 cancers in UK Biobank. Risk was estimated using multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression in up to 182 608 men and 122 112 postmenopausal women who were cancer‐free at baseline. Participants diagnosed with cancer within 2 years of baseline were excluded. Hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were corrected for regression dilution bias using repeat measurements. We accounted for multiple testing using the false discovery rate. In men, higher free testosterone was associated with higher risks of melanoma and prostate cancer (HR per 50 pmol/L increase = 1.35, 95% CI 1.14‐1.61 and 1.10, 1.04‐1.18, respectively). Higher total testosterone was associated with an elevated risk of liver cancer (HR per 5 nmol/L = 2.45, 1.56‐3.84), and higher SHBG was associated with a higher risk of liver cancer (HR per 10 nmol/L = 1.56, 1.31‐1.87) and a lower risk of prostate cancer (0.93, 0.91‐0.96); the associations with liver cancer were partially attenuated after excluding men diagnosed within 4.7 years from baseline. In postmenopausal women, free and total testosterone and SHBG were associated with risks of endometrial (HR per 10 pmol/L = 1.59, 1.32‐1.90; HR per 0.5 nmol/L = 1.34, 1.18‐1.52 and HR per 25 nmol/L = 0.78, 0.67‐0.91, respectively) and breast cancer (1.32, 1.22‐1.43; 1.24, 1.17‐1.31 and 0.88, 0.83‐0.94, respectively). We report a novel association of free testosterone with malignant melanoma in men, and confirm known associations between testosterone and risks for prostate, breast and endometrial cancers. The association with liver cancer in men may be attributable to reverse causation.
Clinical impact of probiotics on the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective survival analysis study with inverse probability of treatment weighting
Authors: Takada Kazuki , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Takamori Shinkichi , Shimamatsu Shinichiro , Hirai Fumihiko , Tagawa Tetsuzo , Okamoto Tatsuro , Hamatake Motoharu , Tsuchiya‐Kawano Yuko , Otsubo Kohei , Inoue Koji , Yoneshima Yasuto , Tanaka Kentaro , Okamoto Isamu , Nakanishi Yoichi , Mori Masaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe gastrointestinal microbiota was reported as an important factor for the response to cancer immunotherapy. Probiotics associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis and bacterial richness may affect the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy drugs. However, the clinical impact of probiotics on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. The outcomes of 294 patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC who received antiprogrammed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) therapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab monotherapy) at three medical centers in Japan were analyzed in our study. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to minimize the bias arising from the patients' backgrounds. The IPTW‐adjusted Kaplan‐Meier curves showed that progression‐free survival (nonuse vs use: hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval {CI}] = 1.73 [1.42‐2.11], log‐rank test P = .0229), but not overall survival (nonuse vs use: HR [95%CI] = 1.40 [1.13‐1.74], log‐rank test P = .1835), was significantly longer in patients who received probiotics. Moreover, the IPTW‐adjusted univariate analyses showed that nonuse or use of probiotics was significantly associated with disease control (nonuse vs use: odds ratio [OR] [95%CI] = 0.51 [0.35‐0.74], P = .0004) and overall response (nonuse vs use: OR [95%CI] = 0.43 [0.29‐0.63], P < .0001). In this multicenter and retrospective study, probiotics use was associated with favorable clinical outcomes in patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC who received anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy. The findings should be validated in a future prospective study.
Transcription factor AP‐2beta in development, differentiation and tumorigenesis
Authors: Raap Mieke , Gierendt Lisa , Kreipe Hans H. , Christgen Matthias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo date, the AP‐2 family of transcription factors comprises five members. Transcription factor AP‐2beta (TFAP2B)/AP‐2β was first described in 1995. Several studies indicate a critical role of AP‐2β in the development of tissues and organs of ectodermal, neuroectodermal and also mesodermal origin. Germline mutation of TFAP2B is known to cause the Char syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism, patent ductus arteriosus and anatomical abnormalities of the fifth digit. Furthermore, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in TFAP2B were linked to obesity and specific personality traits. In neoplasias, AP‐2β was first described in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining of AP‐2β is a recommended ancillary test for the histopathological diagnosis of this uncommon childhood malignancy. In neuroblastoma, AP‐2β supports noradrenergic differentiation. Recently, the function of AP‐2β in breast cancer (BC) has gained interest. AP‐2β is associated with the lobular BC subtype. Moreover, AP‐2β controls BC cell proliferation and has a prognostic impact in patients with BC. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge about AP‐2β and its function in organ development, differentiation and tumorigenesis.
Bone Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Osteoporosis
Authors: Pignolo Robert J , Law Susan F , Chandra Abhishek 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTChanges in aging bone that lead to osteoporosis are mediated at multiple levels, including hormonal alterations, skeletal unloading, and accumulation of senescent cells. This pathological interplay is superimposed upon medical conditions, potentially bone‐wasting medications, modifiable and unmodifiable personal risk factors, and genetic predisposition that accelerate bone loss with aging. In this study, the focus is on bone hemostasis and its dysregulation with aging. The major physiological changes with aging in bone and the role of cellular senescence in contributing to age‐related osteoporosis are summarized. The aspects of bone aging are reviewed including remodeling deficits, uncoupling phenomena, inducers of cellular senescence related to bone aging, roles of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype, radiation‐induced bone loss as a model for bone aging, and the accumulation of senescent cells in the bone microenvironment as a predominant mechanism for age‐related osteoporosis. The study also addresses the rationale and potential for therapeutic interventions based on the clearance of senescent cells or suppression of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype. © 2021 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Punicalagin induces ROS‐mediated apoptotic cell death through inhibiting STAT3 translocation in lung cancer A549 cells
Authors: Fang Le , Wang Hong , Zhang Jie , Fang Xiaolei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLung cancer is a noxious disease with substandard overall survival. Despite this, there are several treatment strategies for lung cancer include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery; however, the overall survival remains poor. Punicalagin has been documented as a potential phytomedicine to selectively inhibit the progression and expansion of numerous cancers. In the present study, we evaluated the antiproliferative ability of punicalagin against lung cancer A549 cells by inducing apoptosis by inhibiting STAT‐3 activation. Punicalagin induces toxic effects of A549 cells in a dose‐associated manner after 24 h treatment. And we also observed that punicalagin (10, 20, and 30 μM) induced reactive oxygen species generation, alters the mitochondrion membrane potential and apoptotic morphological changes in A549 cells. The STAT‐3 overexpression regulates apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Here, the punicalagin inhibited STAT‐3 translocation and thereby induces apoptosis by inhibiting expression Bcl‐2 and enhanced expression of Bax, cytochrome‐c, caspase‐9, and caspase‐3 in A549 cells. Hence, we stated that the punicalagin is a possible therapy for non‐small cell lung, malignancies. Altogether, the punicalagin is a promising phytomedicine in malignancy treatment and further endeavors are needed to unveil the complete potential.
Developing a variation of 3D‐QSAR/MD method in drug design
Authors: Haghshenas Hamed , Kaviani Bita , Firouzeh Monireh , Tavakol Hossein 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn continuation of the previous reports on a combination of 3D‐quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) with computational molecular dynamics (MD) studies, a new variation of 3D‐QSAR/MD method has been employed for drug‐design as an alternative or supplementary for the typical experimental methods. The presented method is more cost‐effective and less time‐consuming than the previous methods and avoids several restrictions of experimental methods, such as validity estimation, and predictability. For this purpose, seven inhibitors for bromodomain (BRD)‐containing protein, as an important protein in the development of different types of cancer and responsible for oncogenic rearrangements, have been selected to study of their interactions by docking and MD simulations using molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) method. To build the proposed model, a common variant of 3D‐QSAR methods, comparative molecular field analysis has been employed using a dataset of 100 MD‐extracted ligand conformations and their corresponding MM/GBSA BRD4‐binding energies. The results showed excellent predictability of the generated model for both the training set and test groups. Finally, two new inhibitors were selected among total 4000 designed derivatives (generated through evolutionary techniques) using the proposed 3D‐QSAR‐MD model. The potentials of these inhibitors were assessed by MD simulations, which showed the higher inhibitory of these compounds than the previous inhibitors. Therefore, this method showed high potentials for acceleration of the procedure of drug design and a basis for joining researchers in computational biology and pharmaceutical sciences.
Impact of Dose Delays and Alternative Dosing Regimens on Pertuzumab Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Liu Stephanie N. , Lu Tong , Jin Jin Y. , Li Chunze , Girish Sandhya , Melnikov Fjodor , Badovinac Crnjevic Tanja , Machackova Zuzana , Restuccia Eleonora , Kirschbrown Whitney P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPERJETA (pertuzumab), administered with Herceptin (trastuzumab), is used in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive breast cancer. Pertuzumab is currently approved with an initial loading dose of 840 mg, followed by a 420‐mg maintenance dose intravenously every 3 weeks. A reloading dose is required if there is a ≥6‐week delay in treatment. In response to the potential treatment disruption due to COVID‐19, the impact of dose delays and alternative dosing regimens on intravenous pertuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive breast cancer treatment is presented. Simulations were conducted by using the validated population pharmacokinetic model for pertuzumab, and included (1) 4‐, 6‐, and 9‐week dose delays of the 840 mg/420 mg every 3 weeks dosing regimen and (2) 840 mg/420 mg every 4 weeks and 840 mg every 6 weeks alternative dosing regimens. Simulations were compared with the currently approved pertuzumab dosing regimen. The simulations in 1000 virtual patients showed that a dose reload (840 mg) is required following a dose delay of ≥6 weeks to maintain comparable Ctrough (lowest concentration before the next dose is given) levels to clinical trials. The 840 mg/420 mg every 4 weeks and 840 mg every 6 weeks alternative dosing regimens decrease median steady‐state Ctrough by ≈40% compared with the approved regimen, and <90% of patients will be above the target Ctrough. Thus, the alternative 840 mg/420 mg every 4 weeks and 840 mg every 6 weeks pertuzumab dosing regimens are not recommended. Flexibility for intravenous PERJETA‐based regimens is available with an alternative route of pertuzumab administration (subcutaneous vs intravenous).
Untargeted analysis of pure snail slime and snail slime‐induced Au nanoparticles metabolome with MALDI FT‐ICR MS
Authors: Onzo Alberto , Pascale Raffaella , Acquavia Maria Assunta , Cosma Pinalysa , Gubitosa Jennifer , Gaeta Carmine , Iannece Patrizia , Tsybin Yury , Rizzi Vito , Guerrieri Antonio , Ciriello Rosanna , Bianco Giuliana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChronic wounds result from the failure of the normal wound healing process. Any delay during the tissue repair process could be defined as chronic wound healing, potentially having a highly detrimental impact on human health. To face this problem, in the last years, the use of different technologies alternative to therapeutic agents is gaining more attention. The Helix aspersa snail slime‐based products are increasingly being used for skin injury, thanks to their ability to make tissue repair processes faster. To date, a comprehensive overview of pure snail slime metabolome is not available. Besides, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) technology is spreading rapidly in the medical environment, and the search for AuNPs “green” synthetic routes that involve natural products as precursor agents is demanded, alongside with a deep comprehension of the kind of species that actively take part in synthesis and product stabilization. The aim of this work is to characterize the metabolic profile of a pure snail slime sample, by an untargeted high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based analysis. In addition, insights on AuNPs synthesis and stabilization by the main components of pure snail slime used to induce the synthesis were obtained. The untargeted analysis provided a large list of important classes of metabolites, that is, fatty acid derivatives, amino acids and peptides, carbohydrates and polyphenolic compounds that could be appreciated in both samples of slime, with and without AuNPs. Moreover, a direct comparison of the obtained results suggests that mostly nitrogen and sulfur‐bearing metabolites take part in the synthesis and stabilization of AuNPs.
Cause of an extreme warm and rainy winter inShanghaiin 2019
Authors: Pan Xiao , Wang Wei , Li Tim , Xin Fei , Yu Jinhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn extreme warm winter (ranked first during the past 30‐years) occurred in Shanghai in 2019, accompanied with an extreme rainy winter (ranked thirdly in the same period). An observational diagnosis shows that the extreme warm and rainy winter arose from southerly anomalies associated with an anticyclone east of Shanghai. The cause of the anticyclone was attributed to V‐shaped upper‐tropospheric Rossby wave activity fluxes, originated from the North Atlantic and tropical Indian Ocean. Numerical model experiments indicate that the anomalous heat source in the tropical Indian Ocean played a dominant role (~65%) in causing the local anomalous circulation, while the heating in North Atlantic also played a role (~35%). A further analysis of the past 30 year data revealed that an extreme warm winter in the past did not coincide with an extreme wet winter. While the warm winter composite shows a large‐scale anticyclone anomaly over Central and East Asia, the rainy winter composite exhibits a circulation dipole pattern with an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) west (east) of Shanghai. Numerical experiments confirm that the former was forced by the combined effect of precipitation anomalies over the North Atlantic and tropical Indian Ocean (IO) and Maritime Continent (MC) through Rossby wave energy dispersion, whereas the latter was caused by a dipole heating pattern over the tropical IO/MC sector.