bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychedelic experience dose-dependently modulated by cannabis: results of a prospective online survey
Authors: Kuc Joanna , Kettner Hannes , Rosas Fernando , Erritzoe David , Haijen Eline , Kaelen Mendel , Nutt David , Carhart-Harris Robin L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Rationale.
Classic psychedelics are currently being studied as novel treatments for a range of psychiatric disorders. However, research on how psychedelics interact with other psychoactive substances remains scarce.

Objectives
The current study aimed to explore the subjective effects of psychedelics when used alongside cannabis.

Methods
Participants (n = 321) completed a set of online surveys at 2 time points: 7 days before, and 1 day after a planned experience with a serotonergic psychedelic. The collected data included demographics, environmental factors (so-called setting) and five validated questionnaires: Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ), visual subscales of Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire (ASC-Vis), Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), Ego Dissolution Inventory (EDI) and Emotional Breakthrough Inventory (EBI). Participants were grouped according to whether they had reported using no cannabis (n = 195) or low (n = 53), medium (n = 45) or high (n = 28) dose, directly concomitant with the psychedelic. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and contrasts was used to analyse differences in subjective effects between groups while controlling for potential confounding contextual ‘setting’ variables.

Results
The simultaneous use of cannabis together with classic serotonergic psychedelics was associated with more intense psychedelic experience across a range of measures: a linear relationship was found between dose and MEQ, ASC-Vis and EDI scores, while a quadratic relationship was found for CEQ scores. No relationship was found between the dose of cannabis and the EBI.

Conclusions
Results imply a possible interaction between the cannabis and psychedelic on acute subjective experiences; however, design limitations hamper our ability to draw firm inferences on directions of causality and the clinical implications of any such interactions.
Metrological framework to support accurate, reliable, and reproducible nucleic acid measurements
Authors: Milavec Mojca , Cleveland Megan H. , Bae Young-Kyung , Wielgosz Robert I. , Vonsky Maxim , Huggett Jim F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nucleic acid analysis is used in many areas of life sciences such as medicine, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Accurate, reliable measurements of nucleic acids are crucial for maximum impact, yet users are often unaware of the global metrological infrastructure that exists to support these measurements. In this work, we describe international efforts to improve nucleic acid analysis, with a focus on the Nucleic Acid Analysis Working Group (NAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM). The NAWG is an international group dedicated to improving the global comparability of nucleic acid measurements; its primary focus is to support the development and maintenance of measurement capabilities and the dissemination of measurement services from its members: the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs). These NMIs and DIs provide DNA and RNA measurement services developed in response to the needs of their stakeholders. The NAWG members have conducted cutting edge work over the last 20 years, demonstrating the ability to support the reliability, comparability, and traceability of nucleic acid measurement results in a variety of sectors.
Investigations into the elimination profiles and metabolite ratios of micro-dosed selective androgen receptor modulator LGD-4033 for doping control purposes
Authors: Wagener Felicitas , Guddat Sven , Görgens Christian , Angelis Yiannis S. , Petrou Michael , Lagojda Andreas , Kühne Dirk , Thevis Mario 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLGD-4033 (ligandrol) is a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), which is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and led to 62 adverse analytical findings (AAFs) in 2019. But not only deliberate doping with LGD-4033 constitutes a problem. In the past years, some AAFs that concerned SARMs can be attributed to contaminated dietary supplements (DS). Thus, the urgency to develop methods to differentiate between inadvertent doping and abuse of SARMs to benefit from the performance-enhancing effect of the compound in sports is growing. To gain a better understanding of the metabolism and excretion patterns of LGD-4033, human micro-dose excretion studies at 1, 10, and 50 µg LGD-4033 were conducted. Collected urine samples were prepared for analysis using enzymatic hydrolysis followed by solid-phase extraction and analyzed via LC-HRMS/MS. Including isomers, a total of 15 phase I metabolites were detected in the urine samples. The LC-HRMS/MS method was validated for qualitative detection of LGD-4033, allowing for a limit of detection (LOD) of 8 pg/mL. The metabolite M1, representing the epimer of LGD-4033, was synthesized and the structure elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. As the M1/LGD-4033 ratio changes over time, the ratio and the approximate LGD-4033 concentration can contribute to estimating the time point of drug intake and dose of LGD-4033 in doping control urine samples, which is particularly relevant in anti-doping result management.
Graphical abstract
Biochemistry strategies for label-free optical sensor biofunctionalization: advances towards real applicability
Authors: Soler Maria , Lechuga Laura M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLabel-free biosensors, and especially those based on optical transducers like plasmonic or silicon photonic systems, have positioned themselves as potential alternatives for rapid and highly sensitive clinical diagnostics, on-site environmental monitoring, and for quality control in foods or other industrial applications, among others. However, most of the biosensor technology has not yet been transferred and implemented in commercial products. Among the several causes behind that, a major challenge is the lack of standardized protocols for sensor biofunctionalization. In this review, we summarize the most common methodologies for sensor surface chemical modification and bioreceptor immobilization, discussing their advantages and limitations in terms of analytical sensitivity and selectivity, reproducibility, and versatility. Special focus is placed on the suggestions of innovative strategies towards antifouling and biomimetic functional coatings to boost the applicability and reliability of optical biosensors in clinics and biomedicine. Finally, a brief overview of research directions in the area of device integration, automation, and multiplexing will give a glimpse of the future perspectives for label-free optical biosensors.
State-of-the-art surgical treatment of IPMNs
Authors: Salvia Roberto , Burelli Anna , Perri Giampaolo , Marchegiani Giovanni 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
A “pandemic” of incidentally discovered pancreatic cyst neoplasms (PCNs) is ongoing. Among PCNs, intraductal papillary mucinous cystic neoplasms (IPMNs) are the most common and with their complex biology could represent a precursor lesion of pancreatic cancer. Although multiple guidelines exist to guide their treatment, there are still many “gray areas” on indications for surgery for IPMNs.

Methods
The current indications for surgery of IPMNs were reappraised, considering potential discrepancies between available evidence and guidelines policies. The practice at a high-volume center for the diagnosis and treatment of PCN was presented and discussed.

Results
Most IPMNs do not and will never require surgery, as they won’t progress to malignancy. The current literature is solid in identifying high-grade dysplasia (HGD) as the right and timely target for IPMN resection, but how to precisely assess its presence remains controversial and guidelines lack of accuracy in this regard. Multiple tumorigenic pathways of progression of IPMNs exist, and their knowledge will likely lead to more accurate tests for malignancy prediction in the future.

Conclusions
The surgical management of IPMNs still is a matter of debate. Indication for resection should be considered only in highly selected cases with the ideal target of HGD. Clinicians should critically interpret the guidelines’ indications, refer to a multidisciplinary team discussion, and always consider the outcome of an adequate counselling with the patient.
Dynamic expression of homeostatic ion channels in differentiated cortical astrocytes in vitro
Authors: Formaggio Francesco , Fazzina Martina , Estévez Raúl , Caprini Marco , Ferroni Stefano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe capacity of astrocytes to adapt their biochemical and functional features upon physiological and pathological stimuli is a fundamental property at the basis of their ability to regulate the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). It is well known that in primary cultured astrocytes, the expression of plasma membrane ion channels and transporters involved in homeostatic tasks does not closely reflect the pattern observed in vivo. The individuation of culture conditions that promote the expression of the ion channel array found in vivo is crucial when aiming at investigating the mechanisms underlying their dynamics upon various physiological and pathological stimuli. A chemically defined medium containing growth factors and hormones (G5) was previously shown to induce the growth, differentiation, and maturation of primary cultured astrocytes. Here we report that under these culture conditions, rat cortical astrocytes undergo robust morphological changes acquiring a multi-branched phenotype, which develops gradually during the 2-week period of culturing. The shape changes were paralleled by variations in passive membrane properties and background conductance owing to the differential temporal development of inwardly rectifying chloride (Cl−) and potassium (K+) currents. Confocal and immunoblot analyses showed that morphologically differentiated astrocytes displayed a large increase in the expression of the inward rectifier Cl− and K+ channels ClC-2 and Kir4.1, respectively, which are relevant ion channels in vivo. Finally, they exhibited a large diminution of the intermediate filaments glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin which are upregulated in reactive astrocytes in vivo. Taken together the data indicate that long-term culturing of cortical astrocytes in this chemical-defined medium promotes a quiescent functional phenotype. This culture model could aid to address the regulation of ion channel expression involved in CNS homeostasis in response to physiological and pathological challenges.
Clinical and biological impact of SAMHD1 expression in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Merrien Magali , Wasik Agata M. , Ljung Elin , Morsy Mohammad H. A. , de Matos Rodrigues Joana , Carlsten Mattias , Rassidakis Georgios Z. , Christensson Birger , Kolstad Arne , Jerkeman Mats , Ek Sara , Herold Nikolas , Wahlin Björn E. , Sander Birgitta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSAMHD1 is a deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that restricts viral replication in infected cells and limits the sensitivity to cytarabine by hydrolysing its active metabolite, as recently shown in acute myeloid leukemia. Cytarabine is an essential component in the Nordic mantle cell lymphoma protocols (MCL2 and MCL3) for induction and high-dose chemotherapy treatment before autologous stem cell transplantation for younger patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We here investigated the expression of SAMHD1 in a population-based cohort of MCL (N = 150). SAMHD1 was highly variably expressed in MCL (range, 0.4% to 100% of positive tumor cells). Cases with blastoid/pleomorphic morphology had higher SAMHD1 expression (P = 0.028) and SAMHD1 was also correlated to tumor cell proliferation (P = 0.016). SAMHD1 expression showed moderate correlation to the expression of the transcriptional regulator SOX11 (P = 0.036) but genetic silencing of SOX11 and SAMHD1 by siRNA in MCL cell lines did not suggest mutual regulation. We hypothesized that expression of SAMHD1 could predict short time to progression in patients treated with Cytarabine as part of high-dose chemotherapy. Despite the correlation with known biological adverse prognostic factors, neither low or high SAMHD1 expression correlated to PFS or OS in patients treated according to the Nordic MCL2 or MCL3 protocols (N = 158).
New Directions in Imaging Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Refardt Julie , Hofland Johannes , Wild Damian , Christ Emanuel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Accurate imaging is crucial for correct diagnosis, staging, and therapy of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). The search for the optimal imaging technique has triggered rapid development in the field. This review aims at giving an overview on contemporary imaging methods and providing an outlook on current progresses.

Recent Findings
The discovery of molecular targets due to the overexpression of specific peptide hormone receptors on the NEN’s surface has triggered the development of multiple radionuclide imaging modalities. In addition to the established imaging technique of targeting somatostatin receptors, several alternative radioligands have been developed. Targeting the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor by exendin-4 has a high sensitivity in localizing insulinomas. For dedifferentiated NENs, new molecular targets such as the C-X-C motif chemokine-receptor-4 have been evaluated. Other new targets involve the fibroblast activation protein and the cholecystokinin-2 receptors, where the ligand minigastrin opens new possibilities for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Summary
Molecular imaging is an emerging field that improves the management of NENs.
A WAR WITHOUT INFLATION: THE CASE OF ARGENTINA 1865–1870
Authors: Newland Carlos 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTAlthough paper note issuance increased dramatically in Argentina during the Triple Alliance War, inflation was not significant. This occurred because only a fraction of the increase in paper bills led to an expansion of the money supply, the rest being currency substitution. On the other hand, an increase in the demand for money for transactions was generated by rapid economic growth.
Determining the Composition of a Mixed Material with Synthetic Data
Authors: Ly Cuong , Nizinski Cody A , Toydemir Ada , Vachet Clement , McDonald Luther W , Tasdizen Tolga 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Determining the composition of a mixed material is an open problem that has attracted the interest of researchers in many fields. In our recent work, we proposed a novel approach to determine the composition of a mixed material using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In machine learning, a model “learns” a specific task for which it is designed through data. Hence, obtaining a dataset of mixed materials is required to develop CNNs for the task of estimating the composition. However, the proposed method instead creates the synthetic data of mixed materials generated from using only images of pure materials present in those mixtures. Thus, it eliminates the prohibitive cost and tedious process of collecting images of mixed materials. The motivation for this study is to provide mathematical details of the proposed approach in addition to extensive experiments and analyses. We examine the approach on two datasets to demonstrate the ease of extending the proposed approach to any mixtures. We perform experiments to demonstrate that the proposed approach can accurately determine the presence of the materials, and sufficiently estimate the precise composition of a mixed material. Moreover, we provide analyses to strengthen the validation and benefits of the proposed approach.
COVID-19 and the value of safe transport in the United States
Authors: Medlock Kenneth B. , Temzelides Ted , Hung Shih Yu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate the connection between the choice of transportation mode used by commuters and the probability of COVID-19 transmission. This interplay might influence the choice of transportation means for years to come. We present data on commuting, socioeconomic factors, and COVID-19 disease incidence for several US metropolitan areas. The data highlights important connections between population density and mobility, public transportation use, race, and increased likelihood of transmission. We use a transportation model to highlight the effect of uncertainty about transmission on the commuters’ choice of transportation means. Using multiple estimation techniques, we found strong evidence that public transit ridership in several US metro areas has been considerably impacted by COVID-19 and by the policy responses to the pandemic. Concerns about disease transmission had a negative effect on ridership, which is over and above the adverse effect from the observed reduction in employment. The COVID-19 effect is likely to reduce the demand for public transport in favor of lower density alternatives. This change relative to the status quo will have implications for fuel use, congestion, accident frequency, and air quality. More vulnerable communities might be disproportionally affected as a result. We point to the need for additional studies to further quantify these effects and to assist policy in planning for the post-COVID-19 transportation future.
Service Delivery and the Use of Telepractice During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iceland
Authors: Crowe Kathryn , Másdóttir Thora , Einarsdóttir Jóhanna T. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine changes in speech-language pathology service provision in Iceland during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:
Data were analyzed for 53 Icelandic speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who completed an online questionnaire between September and October 2020. Participants represented 54.1% of all SLPs practicing in Iceland. The questionnaire examined SLP employment status, populations served, and use of telepractice pre-COVID-19, during COVID-19, and after the first wave of COVID-19.

Results:
During COVID-19, speech-language pathology services in Iceland were reduced, but many SLPs were able to continue working in some capacity. Services to children and those with lifelong communication difficulties were most affected. There was an increase in the use of telepractice during the first wave of COVID-19, and the most frequently reported platform used was Kara Connect. Qualitative analysis of participants' free-text responses revealed that SLPs saw a range of advantages (themes: SLP service delivery and client accessibility) and disadvantages (themes: technology, personal, interpersonal, and clinical context) of telepractice.

Conclusions:
Telepractice provided a viable solution for maintaining clinical services in Iceland in response to restrictions on traditional in-person services. This survey provides a unique window into the practices of SLPs in a context that is underrepresented in the literature.
Zystektomie einer jungen Patientin mit verhornter plattenepithlialen Metaplasie der Harnblase und ausgeprägtem Kondylombefall
Authors: Gellrich Antonin L. , Eraky Ahmed , Hamann Claudius , Hügelmann Konrad , Matthias Micaela , Trentmann Jens , Osmonov Daniar 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungInterdisziplinär geführter Fall einer 29-jährigen Patientin mit zunächst massiven
Kondylombefalls der Vulva und papillomatösen Plattenepithelmetaplasien vom keratinisierenden
Typ der Harnblase führt nach mehrjähriger chronischer Blasenentzündung mit Harnverhaltung bei
Z. n. Meatusplastik und Laserbehandlung zur Zystektomie mit Conduit sowie einer partiellen
Vulvektomie und Fistelexzision. Bei Z. n. lang andauerndem, HPV-assoziierten Kondylombefall
fand sich neben ausgedehnten Vulva-Abszedierung ein Plattenepithelkarzinom der Vagina
(mindestens pT1, G1).
Application of α-Aminoalkyl Radicals as Reaction Activators
Authors: Doyle Michael P. , Su Yong-Liang 
Published: November 2021

Abstractα-Aminoalkyl radicals are easily accessible through multiple pathways from various precursors. Apart from their utilization as nitrogen-containing building blocks, they have recently been used as halogen atom abstraction reagents or single-electron reductants to transform organic halides or sulfonium salts into their corresponding highly reactive radical species. Benefiting from the richness of various halides and the diverse reactivity of radical intermediates, new transformations of halides and sulfonium salts have been developed. This short review summarizes this emerging chemistry that uses α-aminoalkyl radicals as the reaction activators.1	Introduction2	Activation of Halides as Halogen-Atom Transfer Agents2.1	Addition to Unsaturated Bonds2.1.1	Addition to C=C Bonds2.1.2	Addition to C=O Bonds2.2	Substitution Reactions2.2.1	Deuteration2.2.2	Olefination2.2.3	Allylation2.2.4	Aromatic Substitution2.2.5	Amination3	Activation of Sulfonium Salts as Single-Electron Reductants4	Conclusion and Outlook
1,4-Azaborines: Origin, Modern Synthesis, and Applications as Optoelectronic Materials
Authors: Lim Hee Nam , Hong Wan Pyo , Shin Inji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis short review summarizes the origins and recent progress in 1,4-azaborine research, focusing on synthetic methodologies. Academic laboratories have made significant efforts to generate boron-nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds that mimic arenes. 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-Azaborine motifs have provided breakthrough molecules in applications ranging from medicines to materials. Owing to recent advances in polyaromatic 1,4-azaborine synthesis and applications in industry, the research field is currently undergoing a renaissance. Photo- and electroluminescent properties driven by distinct structural variations are key components in the design of novel 1,4-azaborine structures. In this review, seminal reports on the synthesis of simple 1,4-azaborines to complex π-extended structures are briefly highlighted together along with key optoelectronic properties.1	Introduction2	Non-Fused 1,4-Azaborines3	Monobenzo-Fused 1,4-Azaborines4	Dibenzo-Fused 1,4-Azaborines and Their Derivatives5	Ladder-Type 1,4-Azaborines6	Complex 1,4-Azaborines7	Optoelectronic Properties of Key 1,4-Azaborines8	Conclusion and Outlook
Phase space geometry of isolated to condensed chemical
reactions
Authors: Nagahata Yutaka , Hernandez Rigoberto , Komatsuzaki Tamiki 
Published: November 2021

The complexity of gas and condensed phase chemical reactions has generally been uncovered either approximately through transition state theories or exactly through (analytic or computational) integration of trajectories. These approaches can be improved by recognizing that the dynamics and associated geometric structures exist in phase space, ensuring that the propagator is symplectic as in velocity-Verlet integrators and by extending the space of dividing surfaces to optimize the rate variationally, respectively. The dividing surface can be analytically or variationally optimized in phase space, not just over configuration space, to obtain more accurate rates. Thus, a phase space perspective is of primary importance in creating a deeper understanding of the geometric structure of chemical reactions. A key contribution from dynamical systems theory is the generalization of the transition state (TS) in terms of the normally hyperbolic invariant manifold (NHIM) whose geometric phase-space structure persists under perturbation. The NHIM can be regarded as an anchor of a dividing surface in phase space and it gives rise to an exact non-recrossing TS theory rate in reactions that are dominated by a single bottleneck. Here, we review recent advances of phase space geometrical structures of particular relevance to chemical reactions in the condensed phase. We also provide conjectures on the promise of these techniques toward the design and control of chemical reactions.