bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes mellitus contributes to higher cerebrospinal fluid tau levels selectively in Alzheimer's disease patients with the APOE4 genotype
Authors: Motta Caterina , Assogna Martina , Bonomi Chiara Giuseppina , Mascolo Alfredo Paolo , De Lucia Vincenzo , Semprini Roberta , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Koch Giacomo , Martorana Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeDiabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and shares some pathological pathways, such as activation of amyloid cascade and tau phosphorylation. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent DM could impact on neurodegeneration within the AD continuum, using β amyloid (A: Aβ1‐42) and phosphorylated tau (T: p‐tau) biomarkers to discriminate patients by Alzheimer's pathological change (A+/T–) and AD (A+/T+), according to the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association classification. In addition, we aimed to evaluate whether APOE genotype interacts with tau protein and glucose metabolism dysfunction to affect the pathological process.MethodsFor this retrospective observational study, 1350 patients were recruited. The patients underwent a complete clinical investigation, neuropsychological assessment, lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers analysis and APOE genotyping.ResultsA total of 607 patients fulfilled the clinical criteria of mild cognitive impairment or early dementia. In A+T– patients (n = 350), DM did not influence CSF biomarker levels, while among A+T+ patients (n = 257) those with DM showed increased total tau (t‐tau) levels compared to non‐DM patients (DM: 919.4 ± 444 vs. non‐DM: 773.1 ± 348.2; p = 0.04), but similar p‐tau (p = 0.72) and Aβ1‐42 levels (p = 0.83). Furthermore, multivariable regression analyses showed a significant association between DM and t‐tau CSF levels, adjusting for age and sex, in APOE E4+ carriers (coefficient 222.83, 95% confidence interval 47.49–398.1; p = 0.01), but not in APOE E4‐ (p = 0.53).ConclusionsThe present study shows a clear dependency of CSF t‐tau levels on DM for APOE E4+ AD patients, suggesting important differences between APOE E4‐related and non‐related disease, with key implications for AD pathophysiology and treatment.
Repair potential of a bulk‐fill resin composite: Effect of different surface‐treatment protocols
Authors: Akgül Sinem , Kedici Alp Cemile , Bala Oya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of different surface‐treatment protocols on the repair bond strength of a bulk‐fill resin composite. One‐hundred and forty specimens (Filtek Bulk‐fill) were created (5 mm diameter, 4 mm depth) and allocated to one of 14 groups according to surface treatment (no treatment, tribochemical silica coating, sandblasting with aluminum oxide), adhesive application (no adhesive, total‐etch, self‐etch), and type of repair resin (bulk‐fill, universal resin) (n = 10 per group). Twenty specimens were selected for measuring the cohesive strengths of non‐aged resin composites and used as reference. Other specimens were thermocycled. Shear bond‐strength testing was performed. Data were analyzed using linear regression of bond strength as a function of the surface treatment, type of adhesive and whether or not adhesive was applied, and type of repair resin. The failure modes were analyzed using logistic regression of failure mode (cohesive failure vs. other types, or adhesive failure vs. other types) on the type of surface treatment, adhesive application, and repair resin used. Surface treatment, regardless of whether this was tribochemical silica coating (mean difference = 5.44 MPa; 95% CI = 4.77–6.11) or sandblasting with aluminum oxide (mean difference = 4.22 MPa; 95% CI = 3.55–4.88), resulted in higher shear bond strength than no treatment. Application of adhesive resulted in a substantial and statistically significant decrease of shear bond strength (by 8.77 MPa, for self‐etch and by 7.26 MPa for total‐etch) relative to no adhesive. Conversely, the type of repair resin did not influence the shear bond strength to any appreciable extent.
Automatic detection of interictal ripples on scalp EEG to evaluate the effect and prognosis of ACTH therapy in patients with infantile spasms
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Hua , Yan Jiaqing , Zhang Herui , Li Xiaonan , Zheng Su , Wang Jiaoyang , Xing Yue , Cheng Lipeng , Li Donghong , Lai Huanling , Qu Junda , Loh Horace H. , Fang Fang , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to explore the feasibility of using scalp‐recorded high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) to evaluate the efficacy and prognosis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment in patients with infantile spasms.MethodsThirty‐nine children with infantile spasms were enrolled and divided into seizure‐free and non–seizure‐free groups after ACTH treatment. Patients who were seizure‐free were further divided into relapse and non‐relapse subgroups based on the observations made during a 6‐month follow‐up period. Scalp ripples were detected and compared during the interictal periods before and after 2 weeks of treatment.ResultsAfter ACTH treatment, the number and channels of ripples were significantly lower, whereas the percentage decrease in the number, spectral power, and channels of ripples was significantly higher in the seizure‐free group than in the non–seizure‐free group. In addition, the relapse subgroup showed higher number and spectral power and wider distribution of ripples than did the non‐relapse subgroup. Changes in HFOs in terms of number, spectral power, and channel of ripples were closely related to the severity of epilepsy and can indicate disease susceptibility.SignificanceScalp HFOs can be used as an effective biomarker to monitor the effect and evaluate the prognosis of ACTH therapy in patients with infantile spasms.
Landscape attributes explain salmonid ecological neighbourhoods across a complex river network
Authors: Walther Eric J. , Zimmerman Mara S. , Westley Peter A. H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDefining population neighbourhood boundaries provides a critical spatial framework for understanding ecological processes and informing species‐specific conservation and restoration planning. The population neighbourhood boundary demarcates the total quantity of available habitat across life stages where specific ecological processes (e.g., breeding, foraging, migration) occur for all individuals within a population. For mobile species within dendritic freshwater networks, the population neighbourhood boundary can be defined by the upper limit of occurrence (ULO) of an individual within a population.We sought to define contemporary neighbourhood boundaries across a complex river network in southwestern Washington State, U.S.A. by: (1) identifying ULOs for three anadromous fish (Oncorhynchusspp.); and (2) quantifying the relationship of the ULO with landscape attributes and local features for these species of profound social and ecological importance.Extensive field surveys covering 669 river km across 2 years documented the ULOs for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as well as any local features, such as natural barriers, that influenced the ULOs. Generalised linear mixed models quantified the relationships between the ULOs and landscape attributes derived from remote sensing data.We identified the ULO for 115 coho salmon terminal streams, 97 steelhead streams, and 57 chum salmon streams. Natural barriers determined the ULO in just 5%–16% of the terminal streams, depending on species. Landscape attributes associated with the ULOs varied among species; however, drainage area, elevation, and geology were important landscape predictors for all species. Models for each species had good to excellent predictive performance (percent correct classification: 78%–89%; AUC: 0.87–0.96).We demonstrated that large‐scale landscape attributes can accurately and consistently detect species‐specific differences in population neighbourhoods across broad and diverse habitats. In comparison, local scale features (e.g., natural barriers) played a minor role in determining the neighbourhood boundaries in our study catchment. The modelled relationships between landscape attributes and the population neighbourhood provide a framework to guide conservation planning and predict benefits of habitat reconnections.
Homogenization and miniaturization of habitat structure in temperate marine forests
Authors: Pessarrodona Albert , Filbee‐Dexter Karen , Alcoverro Teresa , Boada Jordi , Feehan Colette J. , Fredriksen Stein , Grace Sean P. , Nakamura Yohei , Narvaez Carla A. , Norderhaug Kjell Magnus , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHumans are rapidly transforming the structural configuration of the planet's ecosystems, but these changes and their ecological consequences remain poorly quantified in underwater habitats. Here, we show that the loss of forest‐forming seaweeds and the rise of ground‐covering ‘turfs’ across four continents consistently resulted in the miniaturization of underwater habitat structure, with seascapes converging towards flattened habitats with smaller habitable spaces. Globally, turf seascapes occupied a smaller architectural trait space and were structurally more similar across regions than marine forests, evidencing habitat homogenization. Surprisingly, such habitat convergence occurred despite turf seascapes consisting of vastly different species richness and with different taxa providing habitat architecture, as well as across disparate drivers of marine forest decline. Turf seascapes contained high sediment loads, with the miniaturization of habitat across 100s of km in mid‐Western Australia resulting in reefs retaining an additional ~242 million tons of sediment (four orders of magnitude more than the sediments delivered fluvially annually). Together, this work demonstrates that the replacement of marine forests by turfs is a generalizable phenomenon that has profound consequences for the ecology of temperate reefs.
Genetic and physiological traits conferring tolerance to ocean acidification in mesophotic corals
Authors: Scucchia Federica , Malik Assaf , Putnam Hollie M. , Mass Tali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe integrity of coral reefs worldwide is jeopardized by ocean acidification (OA). Most studies conducted so far have focused on the vulnerability to OA of corals inhabiting shallow reefs while nothing is currently known about the response of mesophotic scleractinian corals. In this study, we assessed the susceptibility to OA of corals, together with their algal partners, inhabiting a wide depth range. We exposed fragments of the depth generalist coral Stylophora pistillata collected from either 5 or 45 m to simulated future OA conditions, and assessed key molecular, physiological and photosynthetic processes influenced by the lowered pH. Our comparative analysis reveals that mesophotic and shallow S. pistillata corals are genetically distinct and possess different symbiont types. Under the exposure to acidification conditions, we observed a 50% drop of metabolic rate in shallow corals, whereas mesophotic corals were able to maintain unaltered metabolic rates. Overall, our gene expression and physiological analyses show that mesophotic corals possess a greater capacity to cope with the effects of OA compared to their shallow counterparts. Such capability stems from physiological characteristics (i.e., biomass and lipids energetics), a greater capacity to regulate cellular acid–base parameters, and a higher baseline expression of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix genes. Moreover, our gene expression analysis suggests that the enhanced symbiont photochemical efficiency under high pCO2 levels could prevent acidosis of the host cells and it could support a greater translocation of photosynthates, increasing the energy pool available to the host. With this work, we provide new insights on the response to OA of corals living at mesophotic depths. Our investigation discloses key genetic and physiological traits underlying the potential for corals to cope with future OA conditions.
Clinical profiles of people with dementia exhibiting with neuropsychiatric symptoms admitted to mental hospitals: A multicenter prospective survey in Japan
Authors: Hozumi Asami , Tagai Kenji , Shinagawa Shunichiro , Kamimura Naoto , Shigenobu Kazue , Kashibayashi Tetsuo , Azuma Shingo , Yoshiyama Kenji , Hashimoto Mamoru , Ikeda Manabu , Shigeta Masahiro , Kazui Hiroaki 
Published: July 2021

AimsPatients with severe behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are often admitted to mental hospitals, while, inpatient care could also lead to prolonged hospital stay. The present study aims to survey clinical profiles of patients who required inpatient treatment for BPSD, and then establish the criteria for introducing inpatient treatment through assessment by certified psychiatrists.MethodsWe performed a prospective survey about clinical characteristics of people with dementia who required treatment of BPSD at 12 mental medical institutions. All patients were assessed by certified psychiatrists to determine the optimal treatment settings: outpatient or inpatient. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to specify factors contributed to the judgement of clinicians. Subsequently, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to explore a score derived from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory to divide patients into outpatient or inpatient groups.ResultsThe present study included 386 patients, of which 242 were admitted to mental hospitals. BPSD were classified into four domains, and aggressive BPSD was significantly associated with assessment for inpatient treatment; the adjusted odds ratio was approximately 2 regardless of dementia severity. Furthermore, the composite score of agitation, irritability and aberrant behavior showed the highest area under the curve value (=0.706), which differentiated inpatients from outpatients with a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 54%.ConclusionsAggressive BPSD was the risk factor for inpatient treatment. The composite score of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory subdomain‐related aggressive BPSD could be a screening tool to introduce inpatient treatment for BPSD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 825–829.
Telehealth as a new care delivery model: The headache provider experience
Authors: Minen Mia T. , Szperka Christina L. , Kaplan Kayla , Ehrlich Annika , Riggins Nina , Rizzoli Paul , Strauss Lauren Doyle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess telehealth practice for headache visits in the United States.BackgroundThe rapid roll out of telehealth during the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted headache specialists.MethodsAmerican Headache Society (AHS) members were emailed an anonymous survey (9/9/20–10/12/20) to complete if they had logged ≥2 months or 50+ headache visits via telehealth.ResultsOut of 1348 members, 225 (16.7%) responded. Most were female (59.8%; 113/189). Median age was 47 (interquartile range [IQR] 37–57) (N = 154). The majority were MD/DOs (83.7%; 159/190) or NP/PAs (14.7%; 28/190), and most (65.1%; 123/189) were in academia. Years in practice were 0–3: 28; 4–10: 58; 11–20: 42; 20+: 61. Median number of telehealth visits was 120 (IQR 77.5–250) in the prior 3 months. Respondents were “comfortable/very comfortable” treating via telehealth (a) new patient with a chief complaint of headache (median, IQR 4 [3–5]); (b) follow‐up for migraine (median, IQR 5 [5–5]); (c) follow‐up for secondary headache (median, IQR 4 [3–4]). About half (51.1%; 97/190) offer urgent telehealth. Beyond being unable to perform procedures, top barriers were conducting parts of the neurologic exam (157/189), absence of vital signs (117/189), and socioeconomic/technologic barriers (91/189). Top positive attributes were patient convenience (185/190), reducing patient travel stress (172/190), patient cost reduction (151/190), flexibility with personal matters (128/190), patient comfort at home (114/190), and patient medications nearby (103/190). Only 21.3% (33/155) of providers said telehealth visit length differed from in‐person visits, and 55.3% (105/190) believe that the no‐show rate improved. On a 1–5 Likert scale, providers were “interested”/“very interested” in digitally prescribing headache apps (median 4, IQR 3–5) and “interested”/“very interested” in remotely monitoring patient symptoms (median 4, IQR 3–5).ConclusionsRespondents were comfortable treating patients with migraine via telehealth. They note positive attributes for patients and how access may be improved. Technology innovations (remote vital signs, digitally prescribing headache apps) and remote symptom monitoring are areas of interest and warrant future research.
Gene polymorphism association studies in cluster headache: A field synopsis and systematic meta‐analyses
Authors: Cargnin Sarah , Sances Grazia , Shin Jae Il , Tassorelli Cristina , Terrazzino Salvatore 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA plethora of studies have attempted to identify genetic determinants of disease susceptibility and treatment response of patients with cluster headache (CH), but results are often conflicting, and no comprehensive overview with a quantitative summary of the evidence in this field is available.MethodsA systematic search of relevant publications was performed without any language restrictions on PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey, up to December 2020. A standardized data extraction form was used to collect relevant data from each included study. Meta‐analyses were conducted for gene polymorphisms investigated in at least two studies and the Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP) test was applied to the pooled odds ratios (ORs) to assess the credibility of the observed associations.ResultsAmong the 27 articles identified by the systematic review, 17 studies evaluating 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were included in the quantitative data analysis. The pooled results showed no significant association with CH risk of 10 SNPs, including five SNPs of HCRTR2 (rs2653349, rs2653342, rs3122156, rs10498801, and rs3800539), two SNPs of ADH4 (rs1800759 and rs1126671), CLOCK rs1801260, and two SNPs (rs1006417 and ADCYAP1R1 rs12668955) previously identified by a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Conversely, the pooled results revealed the association of the HCRTR2 rs9357855 A allele with a higher risk of CH (A vs. G, OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04–1.72, p = 0.026), and of GNB3 rs5443 with a higher response rate of patients with CH to triptan drugs (CT+TT vs. CC, OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.04–3.72, p = 0.038). However, assuming a prior probability of 0.001, the respective BFDP values being higher than 0.8 (BFDPrs9357855 = 0.998; BFDPrs5443 = 0.998) revealed lack of noteworthy results.ConclusionsWell‐designed GWASs and large replication studies are still needed to identify reliable genetic variants of disease susceptibility and treatment response of patients with CH.
Therapeutic benefits of natural oils along with permeation enhancing activity
Authors: Amra Kesrin , Momin Munira , Desai Neha , Khan Fateh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system with a multifunctional purpose to protect the body from heat and microbes, regulate body temperature, and act as a sensory organ. A topical dosage form applied on the skin will have to cross the stratum corneum, which would then allow the dosage form to traverse the subsequent layers of the skin. The drug with poor solubility and short half‐life would serve as an ideal candidate for its delivery via the transdermal route. This review reports the role of natural oils in enhancing the permeation of drugs through skin as they possess different features like natural origin, favorable penetration enhancement, and partitioning action in the skin. Chemical penetration enhancers have been used widely but are associated with toxicities. Thus, more research should be channelized in the area of extraction of oils from natural sources, along with their active constituents, which can serve as therapeutic alternatives to various disorders and diseases. Natural oils are obtained from leaves, fruits, flowers, seeds, bark, and roots, which have a therapeutic potential as well as penetration enhancing activity. The demerits of oral drug delivery include degradation of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract, addition of taste masking, and coating of tablets, which can be overcome by delivering the drug via the transdermal route. Natural oil contains lipids, flavonoids, and terpenes, which play a significant role in anti‐inflammatory and penetration enhancing activity.
Current status and influencing factors of fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Gao Lei , Sun Yao , Pan Li , Li Yafang , Yuan Jiqing , Cui Xuejun , Shi Baoxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the level and influencing factors of fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in 243 patients with rheumatoid arthritis from April 2016 to March 2017. The Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Multi‐Dimensional Questionnaire, Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale‐8, Visual Analogue Scale for pain, physical function subscale of Short Form 36‐Item Health Survey, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a self‐designed demographic and disease‐related information questionnaire were used to collect the data. Stepwise linear multiple regression was used to clarify the impact of statistically significant variables (P < 0.05) in the independent sample t test, one‐way ANOVA and correlation analysis on the level of fatigue.ResultsStepwise linear multiple regression analyses showed that disease activity, self‐efficacy, physical function, pain, depression, duration of morning stiffness and anxiety were major factors influencing fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which explained 59.5% of the total variance.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a moderate level of fatigue in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In clinical practice, nurses should explore individualized intervention programmes based on related predictors of fatigue to help patients relieve fatigue.
Effect of nano‐Al2O3 on the microstructure and properties of NbB2‐NbC composite coatings prepared by plasma spraying
Authors: Wang Xing‐yu , Yang Wei , Shao Yu‐xuan , Yang Yong , Yang Zhen‐long , Wang Yan‐wei , Cui Yu‐hang , Ma Yu‐duo , Sun Wen‐wei , Li Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNbB2‐NbC composite coatings with or without Al2O3 addition had been fabricated via the plasma spraying method, respectively. The effect of nano‐Al2O3 on the microstructure and properties (microhardness, toughness and wear resistance) of sprayed NbB2‐NbC coating was explored. It was found that NbB2‐NbC coating exhibited loose microstructure, many pores and no obvious lamellar structure. NbB2‐NbC‐Al2O3 composite coating showed denser microstructure, fewer pores, and more obvious lamellar structure than NbB2‐NbC composite coating. NbB2‐NbC‐Al2O3 composite coating had high microhardness, good toughness, and excellent wear resistance, which could mainly attribute to the addition of nano‐Al2O3 leading the composite powder to melt more fully.