bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of elective tracheotomy and duration of mechanical ventilation among patients admitted to intensive care with severe COVID‐19: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Prats‐Uribe Albert , Tobed Marc , Villacampa José Miguel , Agüero Adriana , García‐Bastida Clara , Tato José Ignacio , Rodrigáñez Laura , Holguera Victoria Duque , Hernández‐García Estefanía , Poletti Daniel , Simonetti Gabriela , Villarraga Vanessa , Meler‐Claramonte Carla , Sánchez Barrueco Álvaro , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos , Casasayas Maria , Parente‐Arias Pablo , Mata‐Castro Nieves , Rello Jordi , Castro Pedro , Prieto‐Alhambra Daniel , Vilaseca Isabel , Avilés‐Jurado Francesc Xavier ,   TraqueoCOVID SEORL Group
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundOptimal timing for tracheotomy for critically ill COVID‐19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is not established.MethodsMulticenter prospective cohort including all COVID‐19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in 36 hospitals who required tracheotomy during first pandemic wave. With a target emulation trial framework, we studied the causal effects of early (7–10 days) versus late (>10 days) tracheotomy (LT) on time from tracheotomy to weaning, postoperative mortality, and tracheotomy complications.ResultsOf 696 patients, 20.4% received early tracheotomy (ET). ET was associated with faster weaning (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval, CI]: 1.25 [1.00–1.56]) without differences in mortality (HR [95% CI]: 0.85 [0.60–1.21]) or complications (adjusted rate ratio [95% CI]: 0.56 [0.23–1.33]).ConclusionsET had a similar or lower post‐tracheotomy weaning time than LT, potentially shortening IMV and ICU stays, without changing complication or mortality rates in COVID‐19 patients.
The prognostic impact of depression or depressive symptoms on patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Van der Elst Sarah , Bardash Yonatan , Wotman Michael , Kraus Dennis , Tham Tristan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review and meta‐analysis sought to assess the extent to which pretreatment depression or depressive symptoms are related to prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsMedline, EMbase, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library databases were searched. A meta‐analysis was done to generate a forest plot and pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI for overall survival (OS). RevMan 5.3 and Meta Essentials were used for statistical analysis.ResultsBased on seven studies involving 1743 patients, the results showed that HNC patients with pretreatment depression or depressive symptoms had worse OS than patients without depression or depressive symptoms, with an HR of 1.33, 95% CI 1.16–1.52, p = <0.0001. There is heterogeneity in the pooled summary effect (I2 = 80%, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsPretreatment depression or depressive symptoms may indicate worse OS in patients with HNC. The pooled analysis demonstrated a statistically significant effect. These results were limited by mild heterogeneity.
Entropy minimized MHD microrotations of Cross nanomaterials with cubic autocatalytic chemical reaction
Authors: Nayak Manoj Kumar , Agbaje Titilayo M. , Mondal Sabyasachi , Sibanda Precious , Makanda Gilbert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Cross viscosity model is a generalized non‐Newtonian nanofluid model that has widespread engineering and industrial applications like in the synthesis of polymeric solutions, polymeric latex spheres, animal blood, biological fluids, and polyacrylamides. To analyze the micromotion of such nanofluids, a micropolar flow model is introduced. Entropy generation (EG) minimization is important in thermal fluid systems undergoing heat transportation to achieve improved thermohydraulic execution. Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions involve complex interactions involving the production and consumption of reactant species. Nonlinear thermal radiation plays a vital role in thermal systems undergoing a drastic change in the temperature gradient. The main focus of this study is the investigation of MHD microrotation in Cross nanofluids subject to nonlinear thermal radiation and autocatalytic chemical reactions. The findings from this study show that amplifying the Weissenberg number and power‐law index leads to augmentation in axial and transverse fluid velocity components and emaciation in microrotations. Strengthening the magnetic field yields enfeeblement of fluid velocities. In addition, increasing the micropolar parameter leads to the growth of flow velocity, microrotation, and fluid temperature. An increase in Brinkman number contributes to the thicker thermal boundary layer. EG number grows with a rise in Reynolds number.
Heat transmission of magnetic Carreau fluid past a stretching surface with suction/injection
Authors: Chalavadi Sulochana , Savita  
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article studies the heat transfer characteristics of magnetic Carreau fluid at the stagnation region with Joule heating and thermal radiation over an elongating surface. The flow governing partial differential equations are transmuted into ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformations and subsequently resolved by Runge–Kutta numerical approach based on shooting technique. The influencing patterns of various physical parameters on the velocity and thermal profiles are described graphically. The wall friction coefficient and Nusselt number are tabulated accordingly with suitable interpretations. Magnetic field influences to elevate the temperature and shrink the velocity, but the flow velocity develops by applying for Weissenberg and power‐law index number. It can be deduced that the heat transport in comparison to suction is superior to the injection case.
A preliminary estimate of how stream water age is influenced by changing runoff sources in the Nagqu river water shed, Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Yang Yuheng , Weng Baisha , Yan Denghua , Gong Xiaoyan , Dai Yanyu , Niu Yongzhen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStream water age is an essential indicator of stream water renewal and pollutant transport rates. Recently, the concept of young water fractions, calculated using stable isotopic data, was proposed as a measure of stream water age. However, the current calculation methods do not classify stream water fractions with annual cycles (365 days), which are helpful to understand the sources of runoff and the water renewal rate in the watershed. In this study, we took the Nagqu River Watershed (NRW, with an area of 16 900 km2) as an example and proposed the concept of middle‐aged water to solve this problem. We used two time thresholds and to divide the stream water age into young water, middle‐aged water and old water in runoff and calculated middle‐aged water using a distributed hydrological model. The results revealed that in the NRW, an average of 23% of the runoff was less than 51.6 days old, whereas an average of 55% of the runoff had ages ranging from 51.6 to 365 days. The spatial change in stream water age is significantly influenced by the sources of streamflow, evaporation, air temperature and soil moisture. The annual average change in old water storage values were −0.33 km3, suggesting that the mean of old water in the NRW decreased from 2016 to 2019. The results of this study are helpful for the study of sources of streamflow and stream water fractions, as well as providing a more effective understanding of the internal hydrological process in a depopulated alpine zone under the impacts of climate change.
Conductive Hearing Loss in the Hyp Mouse Model of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Is Accompanied by Hypomineralization of the Auditory Ossicles
Authors: Delsmann Maximilian M. , Seist Richard , Stürznickel Julian , Schmidt Felix N. , Mansour Amer , Kobelski Margaret M. , Broocks Gabriel , Peichl Jonathan , Oheim Ralf , Praetorius Mark , Schinke Thorsten , Amling Michael , Demay Marie B , Stankovic Konstantina M , Rolvien Tim 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a hereditary musculoskeletal disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the PHEX gene. In XLH, increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels cause renal phosphate wasting and low concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, leading to an early clinical manifestation of rickets. Importantly, hearing loss is commonly observed in XLH patients. We present here data from two XLH patients with marked conductive hearing loss. To decipher the underlying pathophysiology of hearing loss in XLH, we utilized the Hyp mouse model of XLH and measured auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) to functionally assess hearing. As evidenced by the increased ABR/DPOAE threshold shifts in the mid-frequency range, these measurements indicated a predominantly conductive hearing loss in Hyp mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Therefore, we carried out an in-depth histomorphometric and scanning electron microscopic analysis of the auditory ossicles. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) indicated a severe hypomineralization of the ossicles in Hyp mice, evidenced by lower calcium content (CaMean) and higher void volume (ie, porosity) compared to WT mice. Histologically, voids correlated with unmineralized bone (ie, osteoid), and the osteoid volume per bone volume (OV/BV) was markedly higher in Hyp mice than WT mice. The density of osteocyte lacunae was lower in Hyp mice than in WT mice, whereas osteocyte lacunae were enlarged. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of ossicular mineralization for hearing conduction and point toward the potential benefit of improving mineralization to prevent hearing loss in XLH. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A novel prognostic signature based on four glycolysis‐related genes predicts survival and clinical risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zhihong , Zou Yiping , Zhang Yuanpeng , Chen Zhenrong , Wu Fan , Shi Ning , Jin Haosheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cancer with limited cure and poor survival. In our study, a bioinformatic analysis was conducted to investigate the role of glycolysis in the pathogenesis and progression of HCC.MethodsSingle‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGESA) was used to calculate enrichment scores for each sample in TCGA‐LIHC and GEO14520 according to the glycolysis gene set. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis identified a gene module closely related to glycolysis, and their function was investigated. Prognostic biomarkers were screened from these genes. Cox proportional hazard model and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used to construct the prognostic signature. Kaplan–Meier (KM) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses evaluated the prediction performance of the prognostic signature in TCGA‐LIHC and ICGC‐LIRI‐JP. Combination analysis data of clinical features and prognostic signature constructed a nomogram. Area under ROC curves and decision curve analysis were used to compare the nomogram and its components.ResultsThe glycolysis pathway was upregulated in HCC and was unfavorable for survival. The determined gene module was mainly enriched in cell proliferation. A prognostic signature (CDCA8, RAB5IF, SAP30, and UCK2) was developed and validated. KM and ROC curves showed a considerable predictive effect. The risk score derived from the signature was an independent prognostic factor. The nomogram increased prediction efficiency by combining risk signature and TNM stage and performed better than component factors in net benefit.ConclusionThe gene signature may contribute to individual risk estimation, survival prognosis, and clinical management.
Perspectives on adsorption technology as an effective strategy for continuous downstream bioprocessing
Authors: Schneider Anna , Herlevi Lisa‐Marie , Guo Yijia , Fernandez Lahore Hector Marcelo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe biological industry, but also biorefining platforms in the context of the circular economy, have been fertile terrains for the development of a palette of novel products of increasing structural diversity and fields of application. To mention only a few of the more complex bioproducts, we can consider monoclonal antibodies, plasmid DNA, virus‐like particles and exosomes. Of course, some products of industrial relevance are much simpler in nature. Irrespective of the product class and field of application, a shift from batch processing to continuous manufacturing is currently happening. This is due to the fact that operating in the continuous mode can result in process intensification, and therefore increased productivity with lower environmental impact can be realized. Some biological production schemes, e.g. those based on perfusion cultures, are well known in the pharmaceutical industry. Likewise, continuous fermentation is now utilized to produce ethanol from biomass. In many cases, continuous downstream operations are desired but difficult to implement; there is a pressing need to better understand the available options for product recovery and purification. Some traditional methods require re‐evaluation in modern contexts and some others, of experimental nature, require further improvement before actual implementation. In this article, we present an overview of the most promising methods that would allow for robust downstream bioprocessing options in the near future – with a focus on adsorption technologies. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Assessment of biochemical compounds and antioxidant enzyme activity in barley and wheatgrass under water‐deficit condition
Authors: Islam Mohammad Zahirul , Park Buem‐Jun , Jeong Su‐Yeon , Kang Sun‐Woong , Shin Bo‐Kyung , Lee Young‐Tack 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWheatgrass and barley grass are freshly sprouted leaves of wheat and barley seeds and are rich sources of phytochemicals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on the biochemical compounds and antioxidant activities of barley grass and wheatgrass extracts. The grass was cultivated in an organic soil growing medium with different levels of drought stress (a control with 100% water holding capacity (WHC), mild drought stress with 75% WHC, moderate drought stress with 50% WHC, and severe drought stress with 25% WHC) in a growth chamber by controlling temperature (20/15 °C, day/night), light (12/12 h, light/dark; intensity 150 μmol m−2 s−1with quantum dot light‐emitting diodes), and relative humidity (60%) for 7 days. The drought stress showed increased levels of biochemical compounds, especially phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C, in both barley grass and wheatgrass extracts. The wheatgrass extracts showed 1.38–1.67 times higher phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C contents than the barley grass extracts did. The antioxidant (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging activity, and nitrite‐scavenging activity) and antioxidant enzymes (guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) were the highest under severe drought stress in both barley grass and wheatgrass extracts; and the wheatgrass extracts showed 1.20–5.70 times higher antioxidant enzyme activities than the barley grass extracts did. Proper drought‐stress treatment of barley grass and wheatgrass may be a convenient and efficient method to increase biochemical compounds and antioxidants in our diet to exploit the related health benefits. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Robotic resection of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Institutional outcomes of bile duct cancer surgery using a minimally invasive technique
Authors: Sucandy Iswanto , Shapera Emanuel , Jacob Kevin , Luberice Kenneth , Crespo Kaitlyn , Syblis Cameron , Ross Sharona B. , Rosemurgy Alexander S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to report our early experience and outcomes, the first in North America, of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (EHC) resection with Roux‐en Y Hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction via the robotic approach.MethodsWith Institutional Review Board approval, 15 patients who underwent robotic resection of EHC were studied.ResultsPatients were 74 (73 ± 8.9) years of age. There were 9 men and 6 women. Average body mass index was 24 (27 ± 6.3) kg·m−2. Mean & Median ASA class was 3. Median Tumor size was 2 (2 ± 1.3) cm. There were no intraoperative complications. Operative duration was 453 (443 ± 85.0) minutes and the estimated blood loss was 150 (182 ± 138.4) ml. No patient required admission to the intensive care unit. Hospital length of stay was 4 (6 ± 3.2) days. There was one patient with Clavien‐Dindo Class 3 or greater complication. No mortality was seen in this series.DiscussionRobotic resection of EHC is safe, feasible, and reproducible with excellent clinical outcomes. Consequently, the robotic technique should be considered in some patients requiring EHC resection.
A Hard Templating Approach to Functional Mesoporous Poly(norborn‐2‐ene)‐Based Monolithic Supports
Authors: Acikalin Hande , Ziegler Felix , Wang Dongren , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA hard‐templating method is presented for the synthesis of functional ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) derived, poly(norborn‐2‐ene)‐based monolithic supports prepared under solvent‐induced phase separation conditions using the first‐generation Grubbs initiator RuCl2(PCy3)2(CHPh) (1, Cy = cyclohexyl). Norborn‐2‐ene (NBE), 1,4,4a,5,8,8a‐hexahydro‐1,4,5,8‐exo,endo‐dimethanonaphthalene (DMN‐H6) and trimethylolpropane‐tris‐(5‐norbornene‐2‐yl‐carboxylate (TMPTNC) are used as monomers and crosslinkers, respectively. 2‐Propanol and toluene are used as macro‐ and microporogen. Silica (SiO2) nanowires (SNWs) surface‐modified with NBE are used as hard templates. exo,endo‐Norborn‐5‐ene‐2‐ylmethanol (NBE‐CH2OH) is used as functional comonomer. The tailored porogenic system together with the surface‐functionalized SNWs allows for a full dispersion of the SNWs in the polymerization mixture and their incorporation into the monolithic structure during the phase separation process. This way, ROMP‐derived monoliths with pore dimensions of 10–15 nm, specific surface areas up to 3.7 m2 g−1, and pore porosities up to 33% are obtained after removal of the SNWs by chemical etching at room temperature.
Thermoresponsive Polymers Based on Tertiary Amine Moieties
Authors: Pang Bo , Yu Yuewen , Zhang Wangqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThermoresponsive polymers exhibiting unique reversible phase transition properties in aqueous solution in response to temperature stimuli have been extensively investigated. In the past two decades, thermoresponsive polymers based on tertiary amine moieties have achieved considerable progress and become an important family of thermoresponsive polymers, including tertiary amine functionalized poly((meth)acrylamide)s, poly((meth)acrylate)s, poly(styrene)s, poly(vinyl alcohol)s, and poly(ethylene oxide)s, which exhibit lower critical solution temperature and/or upper critical solution temperature in water or aliphatic alcohols. Their phase transition behavior can be modulated by the solution pH and CO2 due to the protonation of tertiary amine moieties in acidic condition and deprotonation in alkaline condition and the charged ammonium bicarbonate formed by the tertiary amine moieties and CO2. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent progress in the thermoresponsive polymers based on tertiary amine moieties.
Polyacrylamide‐Based Binary Luminescent Copolymer Materials Exhibit Color‐Tunable and Efficient Long‐Lived Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Wang Jun , Lou Xin‐Yue , Tang Jun , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolymer‐based pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have garnered considerable interest, among which RTP systems with prolonged lifetimes and tunable emission colors are promising for applications in sensing, flexible electronics, bioassay, anti‐counterfeiting, and data encryption. Herein, facile doping method is reported based on two types of copolymers with benzene/biphenyl‐based light‐emitting cores as their side chains, whereby the two copolymers are robustly crosslinked via noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding that occur between the light‐emitting cores and polyacrylamide backbones. Persistent RTP emission with prolonged lifetime up to 1.9 s and phosphorescence quantum yield as high as 40.1% are obtained in single copolymers, attributed to the conformation restriction of phosphorescent dyes originating from the rigid microenvironment. Furthermore, multicolor phosphorescence signals are observed in the doped binary luminescent copolymer systems that can be effectively regulated by the feed ratio of luminescent cores and irradiation wavelengths. Possible mechanisms for this efficient and long‐lived color‐tunable RTP system are discussed on the basis of the experimental data and theoretical calculations. In addition, it is also demonstrated that the color‐tunable RTP emission of the doped copolymer systems under ambient conditions allows for further exploitation in the application of dynamic information encryption.
Encrypted and tunable graphene‐based metasurface refractive index sensor
Authors: Parmar Juveriya , Patel Shobhit K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEncryption is a very essential part to secure data communication in today's world where there is a threat of stealing data. We have proposed a graphene‐based metasurface biosensor for sensing and encryption applications. The biosensor is designed to sense the hemoglobin (HT) biomolecules with high sensitivity. The results are analyzed in the form of transmittance and electric field of the proposed graphene‐based metasurface biosensor. The graphene layer's chemical potential is varied to achieve the coding of ‘0’ and ‘1’. This creates one‐digit coding. The array of this proposed structure with this coding can be used for encryption applications. The biosensor design is analyzed for four HT concentrations and their sensitivity is compared. Different geometrical parameters are analyzed and their effect is observed for tunability. The response from the design can be useful in future biomedical and data encryption applications.