bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). I. Program Overview and Highlights
Authors: Öberg Karin I. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Walsh Catherine , Aikawa Yuri , Bergin Edwin A. , Law Charles J. , Loomis Ryan A. , Alarcón Felipe , Andrews Sean M. , Bae Jaehan , Bergner Jennifer B. , Boehler Yann , Booth Alice S. , Bosman Arthur D. , Calahan Jenny K. , Cataldi Gianni , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Czekala Ian , Furuya Kenji , Huang Jane , Ilee John D. , Kurtovic Nicolas T. , Le Gal Romane , Liu Yao , Long Feng , Ménard François , Nomura Hideko , Pérez Laura M. , Qi Chunhua , Schwarz Kamber R. , Sierra Anibal , Teague Richard , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Yamato Yoshihide , van ’t Hoff Merel L. R. , Waggoner Abygail R. , Wilner David J. , Zhang Ke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Planets form and obtain their compositions in dust- and gas-rich disks around young stars, and the outcome of this process is intimately linked to the disk chemical properties. The distributions of molecules across disks regulate the elemental compositions of planets, including C/N/O/S ratios and metallicity (O/H and C/H), as well as access to water and prebiotically relevant organics. Emission from molecules also encodes information on disk ionization levels, temperature structures, kinematics, and gas surface densities, which are all key ingredients of disk evolution and planet formation models. The Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large Program was designed to expand our understanding of the chemistry of planet formation by exploring disk chemical structures down to 10 au scales. The MAPS program focuses on five disks—around IM Lup, GM Aur, AS 209, HD 163296, and MWC 480—in which dust substructures are detected and planet formation appears to be ongoing. We observed these disks in four spectral setups, which together cover ∼50 lines from over 20 different species. This paper introduces the Astrophysical Journal Supplement’s MAPS Special Issue by presenting an overview of the program motivation, disk sample, observational details, and calibration strategy. We also highlight key results, including discoveries of links between dust, gas, and chemical substructures, large reservoirs of nitriles and other organics in the inner disk regions, and elevated C/O ratios across most disks. We discuss how this collection of results is reshaping our view of the chemistry of planet formation.
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). XVII. Determining the 2D Thermal Structure of the HD 163296 Disk
Authors: Calahan Jenny K. , Bergin Edwin A. , Zhang Ke , Schwarz Kamber R. , Öberg Karin I. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Walsh Catherine , Aikawa Yuri , Alarcón Felipe , Andrews Sean M. , Bae Jaehan , Bergner Jennifer B. , Booth Alice S. , Bosman Arthur D. , Cataldi Gianni , Czekala Ian , Huang Jane , Ilee John D. , Law Charles J. , Le Gal Romane , Long Feng , Loomis Ryan A. , Ménard François , Nomura Hideko , Qi Chunhua , Teague Richard , van’t Hoff Merel L. R. , Wilner David J. , Yamato Yoshihide 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Understanding the temperature structure of protoplanetary disks is key to interpreting observations, predicting the physical and chemical evolution of the disk, and modeling planet formation processes. In this study, we constrain the two-dimensional thermal structure of the disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 163296. Using the thermochemical code RAC2D, we derive a thermal structure that reproduces spatially resolved Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations (∼0.″12 (13 au)–0.″25 (26 au)) of 12CO J = 2 − 1, 13CO J = 1 − 0, 2 − 1, C18O J = 1 − 0, 2 − 1, and C17O J = 1 − 0, the HD J = 1 − 0 flux upper limit, the spectral energy distribution (SED), and continuum morphology. The final model incorporates both a radial depletion of CO motivated by a timescale shorter than typical CO gas-phase chemistry (0.01 Myr) and an enhanced temperature near the surface layer of the the inner disk (z/r ≥ 0.21). This model agrees with the majority of the empirically derived temperatures and observed emitting surfaces derived from the J = 2 − 1 CO observations. We find an upper limit for the disk mass of 0.35 M
⊙, using the upper limit of the HD J = 1 − 0 and J = 2 − 1 flux. With our final thermal structure, we explore the impact that gaps have on the temperature structure constrained by observations of the resolved gaps. Adding a large gap in the gas and small dust additionally increases gas temperature in the gap by only 5%–10%. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). VI. Distribution of the Small Organics HCN, C2H, and H2CO
Authors: Guzmán Viviana V. , Bergner Jennifer B. , Law Charles J. , Öberg Karin I. , Walsh Catherine , Cataldi Gianni , Aikawa Yuri , Bergin Edwin A. , Czekala Ian , Huang Jane , Andrews Sean M. , Loomis Ryan A. , Zhang Ke , Le Gal Romane , Alarcón Felipe , Ilee John D. , Teague Richard , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Wilner David J. , Long Feng , Schwarz Kamber R. , Bosman Arthur D. , Pérez Laura M. , Ménard François , Liu Yao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Small organic molecules, such as C2H, HCN, and H2CO, are tracers of the C, N, and O budget in protoplanetary disks. We present high-angular-resolution (10–50 au) observations of C2H, HCN, and H2CO lines in five protoplanetary disks from the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large Program. We derive column density and excitation temperature profiles for HCN and C2H, and find that the HCN emission arises in a temperate (20–30 K) layer in the disk, while C2H is present in relatively warmer (20–60 K) layers. In the case of HD 163296, we find a decrease in column density for HCN and C2H inside one of the dust gaps near ∼83 au, where a planet has been proposed to be located. We derive H2CO column density profiles assuming temperatures between 20 and 50 K, and find slightly higher column densities in the colder disks around T Tauri stars than around Herbig Ae stars. The H2CO column densities rise near the location of the CO snowline and/or millimeter dust edge, suggesting an efficient release of H2CO ices in the outer disk. Finally, we find that the inner 50 au of these disks are rich in organic species, with abundances relative to water that are similar to cometary values. Comets could therefore deliver water and key organics to future planets in these disks, similar to what might have happened here on Earth. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). V. CO Gas Distributions
Authors: Zhang Ke , Booth Alice S. , Law Charles J. , Bosman Arthur D. , Schwarz Kamber R. , Bergin Edwin A. , Öberg Karin I. , Andrews Sean M. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Walsh Catherine , Qi Chunhua , van ’t Hoff Merel L. R. , Long Feng , Wilner David J. , Huang Jane , Czekala Ian , Ilee John D. , Cataldi Gianni , Bergner Jennifer B. , Aikawa Yuri , Teague Richard , Bae Jaehan , Loomis Ryan A. , Calahan Jenny K. , Alarcón Felipe , Ménard François , Le Gal Romane , Sierra Anibal , Yamato Yoshihide , Nomura Hideko , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Pérez Laura M. , Trapman Leon , Liu Yao , Furuya Kenji 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Here we present high-resolution (15–24 au) observations of CO isotopologue lines from the Molecules with ALMA on Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large Program. Our analysis employs observations of the (J = 2–1) and (1–0) lines of 13CO and C18O and the (J = 1–0) line of C17O for five protoplanetary disks. We retrieve CO gas density distributions, using three independent methods: (1) a thermochemical modeling framework based on the CO data, the broadband spectral energy distribution, and the millimeter continuum emission; (2) an empirical temperature distribution based on optically thick CO lines; and (3) a direct fit to the C17O hyperfine lines. Results from these methods generally show excellent agreement. The CO gas column density profiles of the five disks show significant variations in the absolute value and the radial shape. Assuming a gas-to-dust mass ratio of 100, all five disks have a global CO-to-H2 abundance 10–100 times lower than the interstellar medium ratio. The CO gas distributions between 150 and 400 au match well with models of viscous disks, supporting the long-standing theory. CO gas gaps appear to be correlated with continuum gap locations, but some deep continuum gaps do not have corresponding CO gaps. The relative depths of CO and dust gaps are generally consistent with predictions of planet–disk interactions, but some CO gaps are 5–10 times shallower than predictions based on dust gaps. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). XVI. Characterizing the Impact of the Molecular Wind on the Evolution of the HD 163296 System
Authors: Booth Alice S. , Tabone Benoît , Ilee John D. , Walsh Catherine , Aikawa Yuri , Andrews Sean M. , Bae Jaehan , Bergin Edwin A. , Bergner Jennifer B. , Bosman Arthur D. , Calahan Jenny K. , Cataldi Gianni , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Czekala Ian , Guzmán Viviana V. , Huang Jane , Law Charles J. , Le Gal Romane , Long Feng , Loomis Ryan A. , Ménard François , Nomura Hideko , Öberg Karin I. , Qi Chunhua , Schwarz Kamber R. , Teague Richard , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Wilner David J. , Yamato Yoshihide , Zhang Ke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
During the main phase of evolution of a protoplanetary disk, accretion regulates the inner-disk properties, such as the temperature and mass distribution, and in turn, the physical conditions associated with planet formation. The driving mechanism behind accretion remains uncertain; however, one promising mechanism is the removal of a fraction of angular momentum via a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disk wind launched from the inner tens of astronomical units of the disk. This paper utilizes CO isotopologue emission to study the unique molecular outflow originating from the HD 163296 protoplanetary disk obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. HD 163296 is one of the most well-studied Class II disks and is proposed to host multiple gas-giant planets. We robustly detect the large-scale rotating outflow in the 12CO J = 2 − 1 and the 13CO J = 2 − 1 and J = 1 − 0 transitions. We constrain the kinematics, the excitation temperature of the molecular gas, and the mass-loss rate. The high ratio of the rates of ejection to accretion (5–50), together with the rotation signatures of the flow, provides solid evidence for an MHD disk wind. We find that the angular momentum removal by the wind is sufficient to drive accretion though the inner region of the disk; therefore, accretion driven by turbulent viscosity is not required to explain HD 163296's accretion. The low temperature of the molecular wind and its overall kinematics suggest that the MHD disk wind could be perturbed and shocked by the previously observed high-velocity atomic jet. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Politiques granulaires versus vision globale. Pour une action enfin stratégique
Authors: Lagarde Henri 
Published: November 2021

Outre les dépenses, la France est des trente-huit pays de l’OCDE celui qui pèse le plus ‒ et de loin ‒ sur les sociétés en matière de prélèvements obligatoires. La comparaison des comptes d’exploitation pro forma de trois PME industrielles européennes (une allemande, une danoise et une française) montre l’impact de ces choix mal raisonnés de la France sur la compétitivité de ses entreprises, avec, en toile de fond, une politique économique granulaire qui, depuis 1974, s’appuie principalement sur des relances par la consommation qui est sous-taxée en France, au détriment de la production qui, elle, est surtaxée. Nos concurrents étrangers bénéficient ainsi d’un fantastique effet de passager clandestin. Comment sortir de ce piège ? Non par des mesures granulaires, mais en déployant une stratégie globale à l’instar de celle des « pays phénix », ces vieux pays industriels confrontés dans le passé aux mêmes difficultés. Baisse des prélèvements obligatoires sur les entreprises et hausse de la TVA en sont les piliers.
Therapeutic Potential of Tea Tree Oil for Tungiasis
Authors: Abrha Solomon , Tesfaye Wubshet , Thomas Jackson 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
Tungiasis (sand flea disease) is a neglected tropical disease caused by penetration of female sand fleas, Tunga penetrans, into a person’s skin usually in their feet. The disease inflicts immense pain and suffering on millions of people, particularly children. The condition is most prevalent in Latin America, the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, there is no standard drug treatment for tungiasis. The available treatment options are fairly limited and unrealistic to use in endemic areas; as a result, in desperation, the affected people do more harm to themselves by extracting the fleas with non-sterile instruments, further exposing themselves to secondary bacterial infections and/or transmission of diseases such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or HIV. This highlights the urgent need for simpler, safer, and effective treatment options for tungiasis. Tea tree oil (TTO) has long been used as an antiseptic with extensive safety and efficacy data. The evidence on parasiticidal properties of TTO against ectoparasites such as head lice, mites, and fleas is also compelling. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current tungiasis treatment challenges in endemic settings and highlight the potential role of TTO in the treatment of tungiasis.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN PRODUK, LABEL DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KOSMETIK HALAL DENGAN HARGA SEBAGAI MEDIASI
Authors: Hudaya Fadli , Nugraheni Artantri , Imtikhanah Sobrotul 
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to analyze the effect of Product Knowledge, Halal Label and Promotion on Purchasing Decisions of Halal Cosmetics Products with Price as a Mediation variable. The object in this study was a student at the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Pekalongan. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique with a sample of 100 respondents. Primary data was collected through questionnaires using a Likert scale. The analysis technique in this study used path analysis with the mediation test using the Sobel test.
The results of this study indicated that: (1) Product Knowledge had a significant effect on Purchasing Decisions for Halal Cosmetics Products. (2) Halal Label had a significant effect on Purchasing Decisions for Halal Cosmetic Product. (3) Promotion had a significant effect on the Decisions to Purchase Halal Cosmetics Products. (4) Price can be a mediating variable between Product Knowledge, Halal Label and Promotion on Purchasing Decisions of Halal Cosmetics Products.

Keywords: Product Knowledge, Halal Label, Promotion, Purchasing Decisions and Price.
The Red Years of Cahiers du Cinéma (1968-1973)
Authors: Fairfax Daniel 
Published: November 2021

The uprising which shook France in May 1968 also had a revolutionary effect on the country's most prominent film journal. Under editors Jean-Louis Comolli and Jean Narboni, Cahiers du cinéma embarked on a militant turn that would govern the journal's work over the next five years. With a Marxist orientation inspired by the thinking of Louis Althusser, Jacques Lacan and Roland Barthes, the "red years" of Cahiers du cinéma produced a theoretical outpouring that was formative for the establishment of film studies as an academic discipline in the 1970s, and is still of vital relevance for the contemporary audiovisual landscape. It was also the seminal experience for a generation of critics who have dedicated the following half-century to the task of critically responding to the cinema.
The Red Years of Cahiers du Cinéma (1968-1973) gives a historical overview of this period in the journal's history, combining biographical accounts of the critics who were involved with Cahiers in the post-1968 and theoretical explorations of the text they wrote.
Boric acid versus boron trioxide as catalysts for green energy source H2 production from sodium borohydride methanolysis
Authors: DEMİRCİ Sahin , ARİ Betül , BÜTÜN ŞENGEL Sultan , İNGER Erk , SAHİNER Nurettin 
Published: November 2021

Here, boric acid (H3BO3) and its dewatered form, boron trioxide (B2O3) were tested as catalysts for hydrogen (H2) evolution in the methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in methanol. Parameters such as catalyst types and their amounts, NaBH4 concentration, and the reaction temperature affecting the hydrogen generation rate (HGR) were studied. It has been found that H3BO3 and B2O3 catalyzed methanolysis reaction of NaBH4 follow up first-order kinetics relative to the concentration of NaBH4. Furthermore, the conversion and activity of these catalysts were examined to determine their performance in ten consecutive use. Interestingly, H3BO3 and B2O3 have demonstrated superior catalytic performances in methanolysis of NaBH4 comparing to the studies published in literature with the activation energy of respectively 22.08 kJ.mol-1, and 23.30 kJ.mol-1 in H2 production. The HGR was calculated as 6481 mL.min-1.g-1 and 5163 mL.min-1.g-1 for H3BO3 and B2O3 catalyst, respectively for 50 mg catalyst at 298 K. These results are comparably better than most metal nanoparticle catalysts used for H2 production in addition to the naturally occurring boron-based environmentally friendliness of these materials.
Brief communication: Lower-bound estimates for residence time of energy in the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan
Authors: Pelegrina Javier , Osácar Carlos , Fernández-Pacheco Amalio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The residence time of energy in a planetary atmosphere, τ, which was recently introduced and computed for the Earth's atmosphere (Osácar et al., 2020), is here extended to the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan. τ is the timescale for the energy transport across the atmosphere. In the cases of
Venus, Mars and Titan, these computations are lower bounds due to a lack of some energy data. If the analogy between τ and the solar Kelvin–Helmholtz scale is assumed, then τ would also be the time the atmosphere needs to return to equilibrium after a global thermal perturbation.
Eighteen-year record of circum-Antarctic landfast-sea-ice distribution allows detailed baseline characterisation and reveals trends and variability
Authors: Fraser Alexander D. , Massom Robert A. , Handcock Mark S. , Reid Phillip , Ohshima Kay I. , Raphael Marilyn N. , Cartwright Jessica , Klekociuk Andrew R. , Wang Zhaohui , Porter-Smith Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Landfast sea ice (fast ice) is an important though poorly understood component of the cryosphere on the Antarctic continental shelf, where it plays a key role in atmosphere–ocean–ice-sheet interaction and coupled ecological and biogeochemical processes. Here, we present a first in-depth baseline analysis of variability and change in circum-Antarctic fast-ice distribution (including its relationship to bathymetry), based on a new high-resolution satellite-derived time series for the period 2000 to 2018. This reveals (a) an overall trend of -882±824 km2 yr−1 (-0.19±0.18 % yr−1) and (b) eight distinct regions in terms of fast-ice coverage and modes of formation. Of these, four exhibit positive trends over the 18-year period and four negative. Positive trends are seen in East Antarctica and in the Bellingshausen Sea, with this region claiming the largest positive trend of +1198±359 km2 yr−1 (+1.10±0.35 % yr−1). The four negative trends predominantly occur in West Antarctica, with the largest negative trend of -1206±277 km2 yr−1 (-1.78±0.41 % yr−1) occurring in the Victoria and Oates Land region in the western Ross Sea. All trends are significant. This new baseline analysis represents a significant advance in our knowledge of the current state of both the global cryosphere and the complex Antarctic coastal system, which are vulnerable to climate variability and change. It will also inform a wide range of other studies.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF SURAMADU BRIDGE DEVELOPMENT TO THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF ITS CORE AND PERIPHERY REGIONS
Authors: Liza Setya Eka Hasul  , Ari Dwi Jayanti  
Published: November 2021

East Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia which economic growth is above the national average. The city of Surabaya is the biggest contributor to the economy of East Java. Approximately 24% of the GDRP of East Java comes from this city. Although Bangkalan Regency is one of the bordering regencies of Surabaya, its economic growth is relatively low compared to the other bordering regencies. One of the government efforts to reducethe regional inequality is by building the Suramadu Bridge. According to the polar theory of growth, there are two possibilities that may occur as a result of regional interconnectivity. The first is centrifugal force which drives the population and its activities to move out of the core area followed by relocation of urban sectors and zones. The second is centripetal force which encourages population and activities to move towards the centeror core. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the construction of the Suramadu National Bridge on economic growth in the core and periphery regions. Using Difference-in-Difference method, we found that the impact of the construction of the Suramadu Bridge on economic growth was greater in the periphery area than in the core area. This result might also imply that the development of Suramadu Bridge also resultedin the formation of centrifugal force which encouraged the economy to develop from the core to the periphery.
JEL : R1, R4, O4, I1, I2
THE EFFECT OF FORMAL SECTOR WORKERS AND WOMEN HEAD OF HOUSEHOLDS ON WELFARE IN EAST JAVA
Authors: Purwaningsih Vitriyani Tri , Nida Rahma 
Published: November 2021

Isu ketidaksetaraan dalam gender tidak hanya dilihat dari bentuk fisik yang berbeda, akan tetapi kesenjangan tersebut mengarah pada perbedaan peran, kegiatan, serta hal lainnya yang terjadi di kehidupan sehari-hari. Rumah tangga yang dipimpin oleh perempuan cenderung lebih banyak berkerja pada sektor informal, memiliki tingkat pendidikan dan pendapatan yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kesenjangan antara pekerja formal dan informal, kesejahteraan rumah tangga yang diukur dari kepala rumah tangga berdasarkan gender dan status pernikahan. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang berasal dari Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 2014, dengan analisis Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) dengan menggunakan Instrumental Variable (IV). Temuan dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa Kepala Rumah Tangga (KRT) yang bekerja di sektor formal mempunyai kesejahteraan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan KRT yang bekerja di sektor informal. Selain itu, KRTP cenderung mengalami probabilitas untuk mengalami kerugian dibandingkan KRTL. KRTP yang berstatus janda memiliki kesempatan yang lebih besar untuk menjadi miskin dibandingkan dengan kelompok lainnya. Di sisi lain, adanya hubungan positif dan signifikan antara wanita pekerja informal terhadap pengeluaran per kapita. Kesimpulan untuk kebijakan dari permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah pemerintah Jawa Timur perlu memperhatikan pilar utama pembangunan manusia yaitu dengan mengurangi gap pendidikan, khususnya bagi anak perempuan.
JEL : D63, I31, J12, J16, O17