bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China drive toward Africa between arguments of neo-colonialism and mutual-beneficial relationship: Egypt as a case study
Authors: el-Shafei Alyaa Wagdy , Metawe Mohamed 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe main purpose of the paper is to examine the truth behind allegations of neo-colonialism performed by China toward Africa, which was raised due to the growing relationship between China and Africa that enhanced the debate between supporters of the notion of neo-colonialism or mutual beneficial relationship. In addition to the growing number of arguments are on the dominance of PRC in Africa over the western powers as European Union or United States in the Continent.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates the claims of neo-colonialism practiced by China toward Africa through the lenses of international political economy using the Interdependence theory of neoliberalists. Egypt was selected as a case study due to the emphases that Egypt gives to China as a strategic partner and as rising economic power as well as representing a way of diversifying Egypt's foreign policy and an additional economic partner beside the western ones. The research relied on two interwoven indicators to investigate the main argument: Trade and Development Aid.FindingsThe two pillars of analysis indicate that the growing relationship between Egypt and China is a form of interdependent relationship that is expected to get further complex in the future, which is relatively indicated among other things in the synergy Egypt has made between its Vision 2030 and China's Belt and Road Initiative. In reference to development aid, China uses different techniques that is not commonly used by the donors of Official Development Assistance (“ODA”), and due to unpublished actual data on China's aid figures, any indication of dominance is hard to attain regardless a solo incident of debt trap in Africa, the model of China's aid is provided through low-interest loans for development projects that is highly important for developing countries.Originality/valueThe paper tried to engage in the ongoing debate and examine the truth behind the neo-colonial allegations from the perspective of international political economy, which is an added value to the literature in this regard as the data provided are prepared for the present research purpose.
Identifying ideal product composition of chocolate‐flavored milk using preference mapping
Authors: Mahato Dipendra Kumar , Oliver Penelope , Keast Russell , Liem Djin Gie , Russell Catherine Georgina , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Cicerale Sara , Mahmud MM Chayan , Gamlath Shirani 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends cutting down added sugar in processed foods and beverages. There is a growing concern for increased calorie intake from added sugar in flavored milk. To understand how to effectively reduce added sugar in flavored milk, the influence of other nutritional components such as percentage of fat, protein, and salt need to be accounted for as they are the determinants for color, flavor and mouthfeel attributes that ultimately influence consumer liking. Therefore, this study aims to identify the ideal product composition of commercial chocolate flavored milk samples and to link the existing variations to consumers’ liking data using External Preference Mapping (EPM). Thirty‐four commercial chocolate milk samples systematically varying in compositional profile (sugar, fat, protein, salt, stabilizer and sweetener) were analysed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with a subset of 10 chocolate milk samples varying in product composition (fat, protein, salt and sugar) selected for consumer evaluation. Consumers (n = 235) evaluated these 10 chocolate milk samples for overall liking using a 9‐point hedonic scale. Significant differences (p < 0.0001) were observed in the hedonic ratings of these 10 samples, and consumers were grouped into four clusters using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), each cluster showing a preference for different products. EPM was applied to the consumer liking data to reveal the ideal product composition of chocolate milk acceptability. Chocolate milk samples 4 (OAK chocolate) and 6 (OAK thick death by chocolate) with 10.6%–10.9% sugar, 3.4%–3.5% fat, 3.5%–3.6% protein and 0.05% salt were identified to have the highest appeal satisfying between 70% and 80% of consumers assessed.Practical ApplicationThe results of this research could be applied for the reformulation of a new product to ensure that the product composition including sugar concentration is critical to influencing the sensory perception and consumer acceptance of the product. In addition, the results provide an ideal product composition along with sugar concentration that can be used as a standard or control mark for sugar reduction target.
Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) for 2‐way layouts using a generalised ANOSIM statistic, with comparative notes on Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA)
Authors: Somerfield Paul J. , Clarke K. Robert , Gorley Ray N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractANOSIM (Analysis of Similarities) is a robust non‐parametric hypothesis testing framework for differences in resemblances among groups of samples. The generalised ANOSIM statistic RO is defined as the slope of the linear regression of ranked resemblances from observations against ranked distances in a model describing the unordered or ordered distances among samples under an alternative to the null hypothesis. In the absence of ordering, this becomes the standard ANOSIM R statistic. The construction of 2‐way tests using the generalised statistic in various nested and crossed designs, with and without ordered factors, and with or without replication, is described. Examples are given of 2‐way tests with ordered factors in marine ecological studies: 1. phytal meiofaunal communities in species of macroalgae with increasing physical complexity, among islands in the Isles of Scilly; 2. coral community composition across intertidal flats in Thailand, sampled in different years; 3. macrofauna inhabiting kelp holdfasts from different places in response to an oil spill; 4. experimental effects of salinity stress and food restriction on nematode communities. ANOSIM is fully non‐parametric and thus cannot, for two‐way crossed designs, decompose factors into (metric‐based) main effects and interactions; this requires at least semi‐parametric modelling, such as provided by PERMANOVA. The two approaches therefore test very different hypotheses: ANOSIM gives a robust, comparable and globally interpretable measure of magnitude of overall community change associated with each factor, having excised any possible effect from the factor(s) it is crossed with, irrespective of whether the factors interact or not. PERMANOVA cannot do this because the presence of interactions will compromise (sometimes totally) any overall measures of the main effects of each factor. Conversely, PERMANOVA can test for interactions involving directional (but non‐magnitudinal) community change, which are entirely invisible to ANOSIM. The two methods are therefore seen as complementary, rather than as alternatives.
Analysis of pedigree data and whole‐genome sequences in 12 cattle breeds reveals extremely low within‐breed Y‐chromosome diversity
Authors: Escouflaire C. , Capitan A. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn this article, we analyzed pedigree information on males from 12 bovine breeds born in France between 2015 and 2019. We report an overall small number of paternal lineages with, for example, a minimal number of ancestors accounting for 95% of the Y‐chromosome pool of their breed ranging from only 2 to 15 individuals. Then, we mined whole‐genome sequence data from 811 sires (2 ≤ n ≤ 510 per breed) and built a median‐joining network using 1411 SNPs. Most branches were breed‐specific and in agreement with the geographic and genetic relatedness of these populations. The within‐breed haplotype diversity was lower than expected based on genealogical information, which supports the existence of major male founder effects predating pedigree recording. In addition, we observed de novo mutation events among the descendants of the same ancestors, which are of interest to define paternal sub‐lineages. Our results pave the way to future studies on the estimation of the effects of Y‐chromosome haplotypes on male reproductive performances and on the conservation of Y‐chromosome diversity.
Jugarse La Vida: Urban Political Ecologies of Oil and Marronage
Authors: Valdivia Gabriela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEnvironmental justice scholarship recognises and denounces the uneven spatio‐temporal patterns of toxic exposures. In doing so, it often prioritises oppositional acts and standardised metrics of evidence of harm. In this essay, I explore the concept of jugarse la vida (wagering life) as a philosophy of vitality in toxic spaces to argue that desire and human agency have been obscured in environmental justice scholarship, specifically, the embodied and ordinary dimensions of how life is lived under conditions of environmental unfreedom. The essay proposes that locally developed analytics such as jugarse la vida can stand in for a theory of life under toxic conditions, specifically, a theory of marronage, and pushes for a critical engagement with the coloniality of North‐centric concepts and frameworks in understanding environmental injustices in the global South.
Time points and risk factors for RhD immunizations after the implementation of targeted routine antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis: A retrospective nationwide cohort study
Authors: Jernman Riina , Isaksson Camilla , Haimila Katri , Kuosmanen Malla , Mäkikallio‐Anttila Kaarin , Toivonen Suvi , Ordén Maija‐Riitta , Sulin Kati , Tihtonen Kati , Vääräsmäki Marja , Sainio Susanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionTargeted routine antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis was introduced to the national prophylaxis program in Finland in late 2013. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, time‐points, and risk factors for Rhesus D immunization after the implementation of routine antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis, in all women in Finland with antenatal anti‐D antibodies detected in 2014–2017.Material and methodsIn a nationwide population‐based retrospective cohort study, the incidence, time‐points, and risk factors of anti‐D immunizations were analyzed. Information on antenatal screening was obtained from the Finnish Red Cross Blood Service database, and obstetric data from hospital records and the Finnish Medical Birth Register.ResultsThe study included a total of 228 women (197 with complete data for all pregnancies). After the implementation of routine antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis, the prevalence of pregnancies with anti‐D antibodies decreased from 1.52% in 2014 to 0.88% in 2017, and the corresponding incidence of new immunizations decreased from 0.33% to 0.10%. Time‐points for detection of new anti‐D antibodies before and after 2014 were the first screening sample at 8–12 weeks of gestation in 52% vs 19%, the second sample at 24–26 weeks in 20% vs 50%, and the third screening at 36 weeks in 28% vs 32%.ConclusionsThe incidence of new anti‐D immunizations decreased as expected after the implementation of routine antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis. True failures are rare and they mainly occur when the prophylaxis is not given appropriately, suggesting a need for constant education of healthcare professionals on the subject.
Do consumers care about work health issues? A qualitative study on voluntary occupational health activities and consumer social responsibility
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Kuhn Eva , Buyx Alena , Heidbrink Ludger 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs occupational health management (OHM) and work health promotion (WHP) become increasingly prominent in companies worldwide, little is known about consumers' attitudes towards work health‐related issues. Do consumers consider the health of employees in German companies to be important? Do German companies consider consumers to be relevant stakeholders in voluntary occupational health (OH) and well‐being activities? In the first of two qualitative interview studies, German consumers were asked which actors they consider to be responsible in OH contexts and whether or not they prefer OH‐related product attributes to other socially desirable ones. During a second qualitative interview study with representatives from German companies, suppliers, institutions, and organizations concerned with voluntary and legally mandatory OH, participants were asked about their expectations regarding whether or not consumers are interested in such OH activities. Both studies highlight the difference between the consumers' perspective on OH issues and responsibilities on the one hand and what companies and stakeholders believe consumers think about OH issues and responsibilities on the other. The findings show that consumers can recognize non‐mandatory OH and well‐being activities as elements of their own social responsibility (ConSR), while companies usually do not consider this perspective in their corporate social responsibility (CSR).
Community‐based pharmacists' role in deprescribing: A systematic review
Authors: Bužančić Iva , Kummer Ingrid , Držaić Margita , Ortner Hadžiabdić Maja 
Published: June 2021

AimsCommunity‐based pharmacists are an important stakeholder in providing continuing care for chronic multi‐morbid patients, and their role is steadily expanding. The aim of this study is to examine the literature exploring community‐based pharmacist‐initiated and/or ‐led deprescribing and to evaluate the impact on the success of deprescribing and clinical outcomes.MethodsLibrary and clinical trials databases were searched from inception to March 2020. Studies were included if they explored deprescribing in adults, by community‐based pharmacists and were available in English. Two reviewers extracted data independently using a pre‐agreed data extraction template. Meta‐analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity of study designs, types of intervention and outcomes.ResultsA total of 24 studies were included in the review. Results were grouped based on intervention method into four categories: educational interventions; interventions involving medication review, consultation or therapy management; pre‐defined pharmacist‐led deprescribing interventions; and pharmacist‐led collaborative interventions. All types of interventions resulted in greater discontinuation of medications in comparison to usual care. Educational interventions reported financial benefits as well. Medication review by community‐based pharmacist can lead to successful deprescribing of high‐risk medication, but do not affect the risk or rate of falls, rate of hospitalisations, mortality or quality of life. Pharmacist‐led medication review, in patients with mental illness, resulting in deprescribing improves anticholinergic side effects, memory and quality of life. Pre‐defined pharmacist‐led deprescribing did not reduce healthcare resource consumptions but can contribute to financial savings. Short follow‐up periods prevent evaluation of long‐term sustainability of deprescribing interventions.ConclusionThis systematic review suggests community‐based pharmacists can lead deprescribing interventions and that they are valuable partners in deprescribing collaborations, providing necessary monitoring throughout tapering and post‐follow‐up to ensure the success of an intervention.
Adverse outcome in follicular lymphoma is associated with MYC rearrangements but not MYC extra copies
Authors: Bussot Lucile , Chevalier Simon , Cristante Justine , Grange Béatrice , Tesson Bruno , Deteix‐Santana Clémence , Orsini‐Piocelle Frédérique , Leyronnas Cécile , Dupire Sophie , Gressin Rémy , Salles Gilles , Bachy Emmanuel , Emadali Anouk , Valmary‐Degano Séverine , Huet Sarah , Lefebvre Christine , Carras Sylvain 
Published: June 2021

SummaryFollicular lymphomas (FLs) with MYC rearrangements (MYC‐R) and extra copies of MYC (MYC‐EC) are rare and the prognosis impact is uncertain. We conducted a retrospective study including 321 FL patients, among whom 259 (81%) had no 8q24 alterations and 62 (19%) were assigned to 8qAlt. Forty‐five cases were classified as MYC‐EC and six as MYC‐R. MYC‐R patients were significantly older (P = 0·008), had higher follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI) stage (P = 0·05) and β2‐microglobulin (β2m; P = 0·05). Among patients treated with immuno‐chemotherapy, four presented a MYC‐R and 25 a MYC‐EC. Univariate analysis showed the absence of significant difference between MYC‐EC and normal MYC (MYC‐NL) regarding progression‐free survival (PFS; HR1·3; 95% CI [0·4–1·6]) and specific overall survival (SOS; HR 1·6; 95% CI [0·4–5·7]). Those results were compared to data from the PRIMA trial. This confirmed that MYC‐EC had no impact on PFS (P = 0·86) or SOS (P = 0·9). Conversely, MYC‐R was associated with a trend to inferior outcome regarding PFS (HR : 6·1; 95% CI [2·2–17·1]; P = 0·00026), lymphoma‐related death (SOS; HR 13·6; 95% CI [2·9–65]; P = 0·00014) and risk of transformation (transformation‐free survival (TFS); HR 82·7; 95% CI [14·8–463·4]; P < 0·0001). In conclusion, MYC‐EC has no prognostic impact in FL but MYC‐R FL tended to be associated with an increased risk of transformation and poorer outcome.
Sowing forests: a synthesis of seed dispersal and predation by agoutis and their influence on plant communities
Authors: Mittelman Pedro , Dracxler Caroline Marques , Santos‐Coutinho Pollyanna R. O. , Pires Alexandra S. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTGranivorous rodents have been traditionally regarded as antagonistic seed predators. Agoutis (Dasyprocta spp.), however, have also been recognized as mutualistic dispersers of plants because of their role as scatter‐hoarders of seeds, especially for large‐seeded species. A closer look shows that such definitions are too simplistic for these Neotropical animals because agoutis can influence plant communities not only through seed dispersal of large seeds but also through predation of small seeds and seedlings, evidencing their dual role. Herein, we summarize the literature on plant–agouti interactions, decompose agouti seed dispersal into its quantitative and qualitative components, and discuss how environmental factors and plant traits determine whether these interactions result in mutualisms or antagonisms. We also look at the role of agoutis in a community context, assessing their effectiveness as substitutes for extinct megafaunal frugivores and comparing their ecological functions to those of other extant dispersers of large seeds. We also discuss how our conclusions can be extended to the single other genus in the Dasyproctidae family (Myoprocta). Finally, we examine agoutis’ contribution to carbon stocks and summarize current conservation threats and efforts. We recorded 164 interactions between agoutis and plants, which were widespread across the plant phylogeny, confirming that agoutis are generalist frugivores. Seed mass was a main factor determining seed hoarding probability of plant species and agoutis were found to disperse larger seeds than other large‐bodied frugivores. Agoutis positively contributed to carbon storage by preying upon seeds of plants with lower carbon biomass and by dispersing species with higher biomass. This synthesis of plant–agouti interactions shows that ecological services provided by agoutis to plant populations and communities go beyond seed dispersal and predation, and we identify still unanswered questions. We hope to emphasise the importance of agoutis in Neotropical forests.
Identification of OCA2 as a novel locus for the co‐morbidity of asthma‐plus‐eczema
Authors: Margaritte‐Jeannin Patricia , Budu‐Aggrey Ashley , Ege Markus , Madore Anne‐Marie , Linhard Christophe , Mohamdi Hamida , von Mutius Erika , Granell Raquel , Demenais Florence , Laprise Catherine , Bouzigon Emmanuelle , Dizier Marie‐Hélène 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNumerous genes have been associated with the three most common allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis or eczema) but these genes explain only a part of the heritability. In the vast majority of genetic studies, complex phenotypes such as co‐morbidity of two of these diseases, have not been considered. This may partly explain missing heritability.ObjectiveTo identify genetic variants specifically associated with the co‐morbidity of asthma‐plus‐eczema.MethodsWe first conducted a meta‐analysis of four GWAS (Genome‐Wide Association Study) of the combined asthma‐plus‐eczema phenotype (total of 8807 European‐ancestry subjects of whom 1208 subjects had both asthma and eczema). To assess whether the association with SNP(s) was specific to the co‐morbidity, we also conducted a meta‐analysis of homogeneity test of association according to disease status (“asthma‐plus‐eczema” vs. the presence of only one disease “asthma only or eczema only”). We then used a joint test by combining the two test statistics from the co‐morbidity‐SNP association and the phenotypic heterogeneity of SNP effect meta‐analyses.ResultsSeven SNPs were detected for specific association to the asthma‐plus‐eczema co‐morbidity, two with significant and five with suggestive evidence using the joint test after correction for multiple testing. The two significant SNPs are located in the OCA2 gene (Oculocutaneous Albinism II), a new locus never detected for significant evidence of association with any allergic disease. This gene is a promising candidate gene, because of its link to skin and lung diseases, and to epithelial barrier and immune mechanisms.ConclusionOur study underlines the importance of studying sub‐phenotypes as co‐morbidities to detect new susceptibility genes.
Long‐term outcomes after seton placement for perianal fistulas with and without Crohn’s disease
Authors: Motamedi Mohammad Ali K. , Serahati Sara , Rajendran Luckshi , Brown Carl J. , Raval Manoj J. , Karimuddin Ahmer , Ghuman Amandeep , Phang Paul T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimPerianal sepsis in Crohn's disease (CD) fistulas is managed with antibiotics and surgical drainage; a noncutting seton is used for an identified transsphincteric fistula tract. The optimal management following seton placement for initial control of perianal sepsis remains to be determined. Our main aim was to assess the success rates of curative surgery, seton removal or long‐term indwelling seton in patients with and without CD.MethodThis was a retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with a perianal fistula treated with a noncutting seton between 2010 and 2019, including 83 CD patients and 94 patients without CD. Initial control of symptomatic perianal infection with a seton and subsequent healing and reintervention rates were compared between the three postseton management strategies.ResultsA total of 177 patients, 61% male and 83.1% with complex fistulas, were followed for a median of 23 months (interquartile range 11–40 months). Immunomodulatory treatment was used in 90.4% of CD patients after seton placement. Good initial control of perianal infection was achieved with a seton in CD and non‐CD patients, at 92.9% and 96.7%, respectively (p = 0.11). Overall fistula healing or control for CD and non‐CD patients was, respectively, 64% and 86% (p = 0.1) after curative surgery, 49% and 71% after seton removal (p = 0.21) and 58% and 50% with long‐term seton placement (p = 0.72). Overall reintervention for recurrence was 83% in CD versus 53.1% in non‐CD patients during the follow‐up period (p = 0.002).ConclusionDefinitive surgery was possible in only a minority of CD patients. Long‐term seton management was an effective option in patients with CD with acceptable improvement and recurrence rates.