bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (LiFE) program and its modifications: a narrative review
Authors: Hezel Natalie , Körbi Carlotta , Wolf Melissa , Adams Michael , Jansen Carl-Philipp , Labudek Sarah , Wolf-Belala Nacera , Kramer-Gmeiner Franziska , Nerz Corinna , Schwenk Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLifestyle-integrated exercise is a promising approach to increase adherence levels of older adults compared to structured exercise programs as it saves time and effort and supports older adults in preventing falls and functional decline. The Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (LiFE) program embodies this approach by integrating physical activity, balance, and strength activities into daily tasks of community-dwelling older adults aged 70+. A randomized controlled trial shows strong effectiveness of the original, resource-intensive one-on-one format of the LiFE program in terms of reducing falls, improving motor performance, and increasing physical activity. The positive effects of the original LiFE program have yet stimulated adaptions to group-based and information and communications technology-based formats, to younger seniors, for multicomponent interventions, and to populations with disabilities which resulted in 16 known studies about LiFE modifications. Evidence for the effectiveness of specific LiFE modifications exists for four programs, while seven adaptions are in the feasibility stage and one is still in the early development phase. A decade of existing LiFE research is summarized in this narrative review that, to the best of our knowledge, does not exist until now. The aim of this article is (1) to provide an overview of the number of LiFE modifications and their specifications, (2) to describe the current evidence regarding feasibility and effectiveness, and (3) to present challenges and potential of the different LiFE modifications. All adaptions of the LiFE program embody the benefits of the lifestyle-integrated approach and enable an enhancement of the successful LiFE concept.
Evaluating different energized fracturing fluids using an integrated equation-of-state compositional hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Sharma Mukul M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHorizontal wells are often drilled and hydraulically fractured in tight reservoirs to produce hydrocarbons or heat. Different fracturing fluids such as slick water, gas, foam, gel, or a combination can be used with slick water being the most common fracturing fluid. In this paper, we study the impacts of different fracturing fluids on fractured well productivity using an in-house integrated hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator with an equation-of-state compositional model. We analyzed the fracture geometry, stress interference, proppant placement, and the subsequent well productivity using different fracturing fluids. The results clearly show that different fracturing fluids result in very different fracture shape, sand distribution, and water and hydrocarbon production. By conducting fracturing and production simulations in one simulator, we ensure that no physics and data loss occurs due to data migration between two different software packages for hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that a single integrated equation-of-state compositional hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator has been presented and applied for well lifecycle simulation.
High-resolution monitoring of VFA dynamics reveals process failure and exponential decrease of biogas production
Authors: Maurus Kerstin , Kremmeter Nicola , Ahmed Sharif , Kazda Marian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe future of biogas production will be characterized by on-demand provision to compensate the unpredictability of solar and wind power. Such biogas production through feedstock management is a promising possibility but requires close monitoring. The dynamics of volatile fatty acid (VFA) formation and further degradation to methane production are of special interest when providing high portions of fast degradable carbohydrates. Their fast degradability can impair process stability. The correlation of VFA loading and the biogas process was tested in four anaerobic continuously stirred tank reactors supplied with maize silage hourly and with sugar beet silage twice a day at a 12-h interval. The reactors differed in the amount of sugar beet silage and thus in total organic loading rate from 2.0 to 3.5 kgVS m−3 day−1. The VFA concentrations increased immediately after each input of sugar beet silage but levelled down until the next feeding period. At the highest organic loading rate, successive VFA accumulation escalated after 25 days (50 feeding periods) at 3.5 kgVS m−3 day−1, causing process failure with propionic acid concentrations exceeding 3500 mg L−1. The data revealed a strong negative exponential relationship between VFA concentrations and biogas and methane yields, respectively. High-resolution monitoring showed the instant dynamics of VFA production after intermittent sugar beet silage supply and the cumulative impact during increasing process disturbance.
Study on Mechanisms of Photon-Induced Material Removal on Silicon at Atomic and Close-to-Atomic Scale
Authors: Wang Peizhi , Wang Jinshi , Fang Fengzhou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach for material removal on silicon at atomic and close-to-atomic scale assisted by photons. The corresponding mechanisms are also investigated. The proposed approach consists of two sequential steps: surface modification and photon irradiation. The back bonds of silicon atoms are first weakened by the chemisorption of chlorine and then broken by photon energy, leading to the desorption of chlorinated silicon. The mechanisms of photon-induced desorption of chlorinated silicon, i.e., SiCl2 and SiCl, are explained by two models: the Menzel–Gomer–Redhead (MGR) and Antoniewicz models. The desorption probability associated with the two models is numerically calculated by solving the Liouville–von Neumann equations for open quantum systems. The calculation accuracy is verified by comparison with the results in literatures in the case of the NO/Pt (111) system. The calculation method is then applied to the cases of SiCl2/Si and SiCl/Si systems. The results show that the value of desorption probability first increases dramatically and then saturates to a stable value within hundreds of femtoseconds after excitation. The desorption probability shows a super-linear dependence on the lifetime of excited states.
Darf der Staat von Migrant*innen fordern, sich zu integrieren?
Authors: Gutmann Tobias 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Aufsatz gehe ich der Frage nach, ob der Staat von Migrant*innen fordern darf, sich zu integrieren. Nach einer Erläuterung des Begriffs „Integration“ und der verschiedenen Dimensionen der Integration werde ich ein Argument vorstellen, das zeigt, dass sich auf Grundlage des politischen Liberalismus eine staatliche Forderung nach politischer Partizipation von Migrant*innen begründen lässt. Diese Forderung beruht auf Gerechtigkeits- sowie demokratietheoretischen Überlegungen. Weil die politische Partizipation zugleich eine gewisse strukturelle, soziale und identifikative Integration der Migrant*innen voraussetzt, erstreckt sich die Forderung auch auf diese Voraussetzungen. Da sich die entsprechende Forderung gleichermaßen an Migrant*innen als auch an Einheimische richtet, entgeht die hier vorgestellte Argumentation dem Vorwurf, auf einem bloß partikularen Interesse der einheimischen Bevölkerung zu beruhen, dass sich die Migrant*innen der bzw. einer nationalen Kultur anpassen mögen. Zuletzt diskutiere ich einen Einwand, der sich gegen eine der Prämissen meiner Argumentation richtet. Dieser lautet, dass ein liberaler Staat keinen Einfluss auf die Haltungen und Überzeugungen seiner Bürger*innen nehmen darf. Ich verteidige die Behauptung, dass es auch im liberalen Staat legitim ist, die Bürger*innen zur Demokratie zu erziehen.
Sociology for sustainability science
Authors: Longo Stefano B. , Isgren Ellinor , Clark Brett , Jorgenson Andrew K. , Jerneck Anne , Olsson Lennart , Kelly Orla M. , Harnesk David , York Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSociological insights are often underutilized in sustainability science. To further strengthen its commitment to interdisciplinary problem-driven, solutions-oriented research, sustainability science can better incorporate fundamental sociological conceptions into its core. We highlight four aspects of sociological thought that we consider crucial for advancing sustainability science research: (1) social construction and critical realism, (2) structure and agency, (3) historical specificity, and (4) collective action. We draw on examples from sociology to support a dynamic understanding of how social relations interact with the bio-geo-physical world. This necessary integration of sociological insights, we argue, is critical to generate comprehensive assessments of the causes and consequences of human-induced environmental change, and tend to be overlooked or oversimplified within the field of sustainability science. Beyond that, it can stimulate the development and implementation of viable solutions to sustainability challenges.
Organisational resilience in the COVID-19: A case study from China
Authors: Yang Hangsheng , Tang Min , Chao Xiangrui , Li Pu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) sparked widespread concern about organisational resilience in the management domain. The resources, operations and practices of organisational resilience have to be considered in particular contexts at different stages and in relation to numerous inputs, processes and outputs. Selected as one example, the preparation, response and development of a retail supermarket's management and operations in China is examined through an empirical case study. Supply chain and digital construction, improvisational ability, system management and corporate social responsibility all played a positive role in this organisation's response to the outbreak of COVID-19 (2019–2020) in the Chinese management context. Organisational resilience is reflected in the case study organisation's self-interested and altruistic policies and practices. The case provides valuable insights on efficacious management practices for organisational resilience building in the retail industry.
A Far-Reaching Parental Love? Co-Governance of Intergenerational Succession and Innovation Activities in Chinese Family Firms
Authors: Zhu Zhenduo , Kang Yuanfei 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTMotivated by the research gap on intergenerational succession dynamics of family firms, this study examines the effects of initiating intergenerational succession on firms' innovation activities. We propose that initiation of intra-family succession can result in founder–successor co-governance that represents a strategic transition to the succession and incorporates the two conflicting yet complementary directions of change and continuity. Grounded in the theory of altruism, we suggest that co-governance will positively affect firms' innovation activities and that this positive link is contingent on the idiosyncratic intra-family relationships of kinship type, age difference, and gender difference between the founder and the successor. Furthermore, we posit that co-governance will lead to a flow of resources to low risk, rather than more inventive but higher risk, innovations. Based on the unbalanced panel data of 4,694 firm-year observations in our sample from listed Chinese family firms during the 2006–2015 period, empirical analysis supports our hypotheses and confirms that when examining family firms' innovation, there is a need to take the heterogeneity of the intra-family governance structure more fully into consideration.
Free quotients of fundamental groups of smooth quasi-projective varieties
Authors: Cogolludo Jose I. , Libgober Anatoly 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the fundamental groups of the complements to curves on simply connected surfaces, admitting non-abelian free groups as their quotients. We show that given a subset of the Néron–Severi group of such a surface, there are only finitely many classes of equisingular isotopy of curves with irreducible components belonging to this subset for which the fundamental groups of the complement admit surjections onto a free group of a given sufficiently large rank. Examples of subsets of the Néron–Severi group are given with infinitely many isotopy classes of curves with irreducible components from such a subset and fundamental groups of the complements admitting surjections on a free group only of a small rank.
Inferior turbinate reduction: comparing post-operative bleeding between different surgical techniques
Authors: Levy E , Ronen O , Sela E , Layos E , Eisenbach N , Ibrahim N , Dror AA , Daoud A , Marshak T 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivePost-operative bleeding is one of the most common and severe complications of turbinate surgery. This study compared post-operative bleeding following partial turbinectomy, submucosal turbinate reduction and endoscopic turbinoplasty.MethodsPost-operative bleeding was assessed in patients who underwent inferior turbinate intervention by partial turbinectomy, submucosal turbinate reduction or endoscopic turbinoplasty between January 2016 and November 2017 and had completed at least one month of follow up.ResultsOf 1035 patients who underwent inferior turbinate surgery during the study period, 751 were included. Of these, 56 (7.5 per cent) presented to the emergency room with post-operative bleeding; 31 (8.4 per cent) had undergone partial turbinectomy, 19 (10.7 per cent) had undergone submucosal turbinate reduction and 6 (3.0 per cent) had undergone endoscopic turbinoplasty. The odds ratio of requiring an intervention to control bleeding was significantly lower in the endoscopic turbinoplasty group than in the submucosal turbinate reduction group (odds ratio = 3.26, 95 per cent confidence interval = 1.02–10.43).ConclusionEndoscopic turbinoplasty had the lowest rate of post-operative bleeding and the lowest rate of patients requiring intervention.
Short duration overnight cattle kraaling in natural rangelands leads to increased tree damage by elephants
Authors: Huruba Rangarirai , Ndlovu Caroline , Mundy Peter J. , Sebata Allan , MacFadyen Duncan N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElephants are attracted to nutrient hotspots created through short duration overnight cattle corralling (hereafter kraaling) in natural rangelands at Debshan, a mixed cattle-wildlife private ranch in central Zimbabwe, causing severe tree damage. We determined the effect of age of nutrient hotspot (i.e., time after kraal use) on elephant use and the extent of tree damage. Elephant use and tree damage were assessed in nutrient hotspots of varying ages (6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after kraal use) and in surrounding landscape. We also compared Acacia karroo bark nutrient and soil nutrient concentration between nutrient hotspots (24 months after kraal use) and the surrounding landscape. Elephant use of nutrient hotspots was highest at 12 and 24 months after kraaling. The most severely damaged trees were in the 12-, 24- and 36-month-old nutrient hotspots. Acacia karroo bark nutrient concentrations (nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron) were higher in nutrient hotspots than surrounding vegetation, while soil nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and potassium) were higher in nutrient hotspots than surrounding landscape. We concluded that elephants mostly used nutrient hotspots 12 and 24 months after kraaling, while severe tree damage occurred 12, 24 and 36 months after kraal use.
Closed-Loop Brain Devices in Offender Rehabilitation: Autonomy, Human Rights, and Accountability
Authors: Ligthart Sjors , Kooijmans Tijs , Douglas Thomas , Meynen Gerben 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe current debate on closed-loop brain devices (CBDs) mainly focuses on their use in a medical context; possible criminal justice applications have only received incidental scholarly attention. Unlike in medicine, in criminal justice, CBDs might be offered on behalf of the State and for the purpose of protecting security, rather than realizing healthcare aims. It would be possible to deploy CBDs in the rehabilitation of convicted offenders, similarly to the much-debated possibility of employing other brain interventions in this context. Although such use of CBDs could in principle be consensual, there are significant differences between the choice faced by a criminal offender offered a CBD in the context of criminal justice, and that faced by a patient offered a CBD in an ordinary healthcare context. Employment of CBDs in criminal justice thus raises ethical and legal intricacies not raised by healthcare applications. This paper examines some of these issues under three heads: autonomy, human rights, and accountability.
Lady Justice may be Blind, but is She Racist? Examining Brains, Biases, and Behaviors Using Neuro-Voir Dire
Authors: Suskin Zaev D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the possible use of functional magnetic-resonance imaging as potentially useful in jury selection. The author suggests that neuro-voir could provide greater impartiality of trials than the standard voir, while also preserving existing privacy protections for jurors. He predicts that ability to image and understand a wide range of brain activities, most notably bias-apprehension and lie detection, will render neuro-voir dire invaluable. However currently, such neuro-solutions remain preliminary.
Effect of oestrogen on mouse follicle growth and meiotic resumption
Authors: Chi Heng , Cao Zuowu 
Published: October 2021

SummaryMany studies have shown that oestrogen affects late follicular development, but whether oestrogen is involved in other aspects of folliculogenesis remains unclear. In this study, two antagonists of oestrogen, tamoxifen and G15, were used to determine the effects of oestrogen on folliculogenesis. Mouse preantral follicles and cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in vitro. The results showed that follicle growth stimulated using pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) was inhibited using tamoxifen, whether in vivo or in vitro. The average diameters, the maximum diameters of follicles and the numbers of follicles with a diameter of more than 300 μm decreased significantly following a 4-day culture with tamoxifen. G15, the antagonist of oestrogen via the membrane receptor, did not change follicular growth stimulated by PMSG in vitro. Results of in vitro maturation of COCs showed that germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurred spontaneously (95.1%) after 2 h in culture, and the GVBD ratio changed little with the addition of either oestrogen or 10 μM G15. However, first polar body (PBI) extrusion was driven by oestrogen markedly and supplementation with 10 μM G15 inhibited PBI extrusion (82.4% vs 55.0%) significantly. These results demonstrated that oestrogen promotes follicle growth through the nuclear receptor during follicle growth and then triggers the transition of metaphase to anaphase through the membrane receptor during meiotic resumption. So oestrogen plays a progressive role in the two phases of follicle growth and oocyte meiotic resumption.
A large-area single-filament infrared emitter and its application in a spectroscopic ethanol gas sensing system
Authors: Schröder Stephan , Briano Floria Ottonello , Rödjegård Henrik , Bryzgalov Maksym , Orelund Jonas , Gylfason Kristinn B. , Stemme Göran , Niklaus Frank 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopy is an important technology for highly accurate and maintenance-free sensing of gases, such as ethanol and carbon dioxide. However, NDIR spectroscopy systems are currently too expensive, e.g., for consumer and automotive applications, as the infrared (IR) emitter is a critical but costly component of these systems. Here, we report on a low-cost large-area IR emitter featuring a broadband emission spectrum suitable for small NDIR gas spectroscopy systems. The infrared emitter utilizes Joule heating of a Kanthal (FeCrAl) filament that is integrated in the base substrate using an automated high-speed wire bonding process, enabling simple and rapid formation of a long meander-shaped filament. We describe the critical infrared emitter characteristics, including the effective infrared emission spectrum, thermal frequency response, and power consumption. Finally, we integrate the emitter into a handheld breath alcohol analyzer and show its operation in both laboratory and real-world settings, thereby demonstrating the potential of the emitter for future low-cost optical gas sensor applications.
Sintilimab for relapsed/refractory extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma: a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial (ORIENT-4)
Authors: Tao Rong , Fan Lei , Song Yongping , Hu Yu , Zhang Wei , Wang Yafei , Xu Wei , Li Jianyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study (ORIENT-4) aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of sintilimab, a humanized anti-PD-1 antibody, in patients with relapsed/refractory extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (r/r ENKTL). ORIENT-4 is a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 clinical trial (NCT03228836). Patients with r/r ENKTL who failed to at least one asparaginase-based regimen were enrolled to receive sintilimab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks for up to 24 months. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) based on Lugano 2014 criteria. Twenty-eight patients with r/r ENKTL were enrolled from August 31, 2017 to February 7, 2018. Twenty-one patients (75.0%, 95% CI: 55.1–89.3%) achieved an objective response. With a median follow-up of 30.4 months, the median overall survival (OS) was not reached. The 24-month OS rate was 78.6% (95% CI, 58.4–89.8%). Most treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were grade 1–2 (71.4%), and the most common TRAE was decreased lymphocyte count (42.9%). Serious adverse events (SAEs) occurred in 7 (25.0%) patients, and no patient died of adverse events. Sintilimab is effective and well tolerated in patients with r/r ENKTL and could be a novel therapeutic approach for the control of ENKTL in patients.
Repurposing cancer drugs identifies kenpaullone which ameliorates pathologic pain in preclinical models via normalization of inhibitory neurotransmission
Authors: Yeo Michele , Chen Yong , Jiang Changyu , Chen Gang , Wang Kaiyuan , Chandra Sharat , Bortsov Andrey , Lioudyno Maria , Zeng Qian , Wang Peng , Wang Zilong , Busciglio Jorge , Ji Ru-Rong , Liedtke Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInhibitory GABA-ergic neurotransmission is fundamental for the adult vertebrate central nervous system and requires low chloride concentration in neurons, maintained by KCC2, a neuroprotective ion transporter that extrudes intracellular neuronal chloride. To identifyKcc2gene expression‑enhancing compounds, we screened 1057 cell growth-regulating compounds in cultured primary cortical neurons. We identified kenpaullone (KP), which enhancedKcc2/KCC2expression and function in cultured rodent and human neurons by inhibiting GSK3ß. KP effectively reduced pathologic pain-like behavior in mouse models of nerve injury and bone cancer. In a nerve-injury pain model, KP restoredKcc2expression and GABA-evoked chloride reversal potential in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Delta-catenin, a phosphorylation-target of GSK3ß in neurons, activated theKcc2promoter via KAISO transcription factor. Transient spinal over-expression of delta-catenin mimicked KP analgesia. Our findings of a newly repurposed compound and a novel, genetically-encoded mechanism that each enhanceKcc2gene expression enable us to re-normalize disrupted inhibitory neurotransmission through genetic re-programming.