bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐rater variability in patch test readings and final interpretation using store‐forward teledermatology
Authors: Goodier Molly C. , DeKoven Joel G. , Taylor James S. , Sasseville Denis , Fowler Joseph F. , Fransway Anthony F. , DeLeo Vincent A. , Marks James G. , Zug Kathryn A. , Hylwa Sara A. , Warshaw Erin M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundData regarding teledermatology for patch testing are limited.ObjectivesCompare patch test readings and final interpretation by two in‐person dermatologists (IPDs) with eight teledermatologists (TDs).MethodsPatch tested patients had photographs taken of 70 screening series of allergens at 48 hours and second readings. Eight TDs reviewed photos and graded reactions (negative, irritant, doubtful, +, ++, +++) at 48 hours and second readings; in addition, they coded a final interpretation (allergic, indeterminant, irritant, negative) for each reaction. TDs rated overall image quality and confidence level for each patient and patch test reaction, respectively. Percentage of TD–IPD agreement based on clinical significance (success, indeterminate, and failure) was calculated. Primary outcome was agreement at the second reading.ResultsData were available for 99, 101, and 66 participants at 48 hours, second reading, and final interpretation, respectively. Pooled failure (+/++/+++ vs negative) at second reading was 13.6% (range 7.9%‐20.4%). Pooled failure at 48 hours and final interpretation was 5.4% (range 2.9%‐6.8%) and 24.6% (range 10.2%‐36.8%), respectively. Confidence in readings was statistically correlated with quality of images and disagreement.ConclusionFor patch testing, teledermatology has significant limitations including clinically significant pooled failure percentages of 13.6% for second readings and 24.6% for final interpretation.
Successful recruitment following translocation of a threatened terrestrial orchid (Diuris tricolor) into mining rehabilitation in the Hunter Valley of NSW
Authors: Bell Stephen A. J. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryTranslocation of threatened terrestrial orchids is increasingly seen as a viable ameliorative conservation option when habitat is destroyed or modified through changing land use. Most orchid translocations reported in the literature detail nursery‐raised seedlings planted into intact and suitable habitat, and few involve translocation of entire plants and their mycorrhizal fungal associates. As part of a larger translocation study, soil cores containing 46 individuals of the threatened Painted Diuris (Diuris tricolor) were translocated into herbivore‐proof plots on restored and rehabilitated post‐mining lands in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales. After 3 years of annual flowering and fruiting, new recruits (mature flowering plants) were observed within translocation plots but outside of original soil cores, and at 6 years following translocation 29 new individuals were observed. Two of these individuals germinated outside of fenced plots. At peak flowering in 2020, a search of rehabilitated lands outside of translocation plots failed to locate any orchids, discounting the unlikely possibility that orchid tubers may have survived the process of topsoil stockpiling and respreading. Successful recruitment of Painted Diuris into mining rehabilitation has the potential to significantly offset any losses of this species resulting from mining operations within the region.
Researching on the fine structure and admixture of the worldwide chicken population reveal connections between populations and important events in breeding history
Authors: Guo Ying , Ou Jen‐Hsiang , Zan Yanjun , Wang Yuzhe , Li Huifang , Zhu Chunhong , Chen Kuanwei , Zhou Xin , Hu Xiaoxiang , Carlborg Örjan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere, we have evaluated the general genomic structure and diversity and studied the divergence resulting from selection and historical admixture events for a collection of worldwide chicken breeds. In total, 636 genomes (43 populations) were sequenced from chickens of American, Chinese, Indonesian, and European origin. Evaluated populations included wild junglefowl, rural indigenous chickens, breeds that have been widely used to improve modern western poultry populations and current commercial stocks bred for efficient meat and egg production. In‐depth characterizations of the genome structure and genomic relationships among these populations were performed, and population admixture events were investigated. In addition, the genomic architectures of several domestication traits and central documented events in the recent breeding history were explored. Our results provide detailed insights into the contributions from population admixture events described in the historical literature to the genomic variation in the domestic chicken. In particular, we find that the genomes of modern chicken stocks used for meat production both in eastern (Asia) and western (Europe/US) agriculture are dominated by contributions from heavy Asian breeds. Further, by exploring the link between genomic selective divergence and pigmentation, connections to functional genes feather coloring were confirmed.
Fatigue damage assessment of low‐alloy steel based on change in hydrogen thermal desorption characteristic
Authors: Komazaki Shin‐ichi , Nimura Shintaro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe change in hydrogen thermal desorption characteristic of low‐alloy steel due to fatigue was investigated to examine the possibility of hydrogen as a tracer for detecting and evaluating lattice defects caused by cyclic loading. Specimens were subjected to the uniaxial fully push–pull fatigue test at 288°C, and some tests were interrupted at various stages of the fatigue life. After measurement of surface crack, hydrogen‐charging into the fatigue‐damaged specimens was conducted by means of cathodic electrolysis, and thermal desorption analysis (TDA) was applied to those specimens for measuring hydrogen evolution curve. The experimental results showed that the amount of desorbed hydrogen, CH, increased with increasing number of cycles, especially at an early stage of fatigue life. The CH was well correlated with a newly proposed Coffin–Manson‐type parameter Δεp·N0.4, irrespective of the strain range and number of cycles.
The influence of elevated SiO2(aq) on intracellular silica uptake and microbial metabolism
Authors: Tostevin Rosalie , Snow Joseph T. , Zhang Qiong , Tosca Nicholas J. , Rickaby Rosalind E.M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicrobes are known to accumulate intracellular SiO2(aq) up to 100s of mmol/l from modern seawater (SiO2(aq) <100 µmol/l), despite having no known nutrient requirement for Si. Before the evolution of siliceous skeletons, marine silica concentrations were likely an order of magnitude higher than the modern ocean, raising the possibility that intracellular SiO2(aq) accumulation interfered with normal cellular function in non‐silicifying algae. Yet, because few culturing studies have isolated the effects of SiO2(aq) at high concentration, the potential impact of elevated marine silica on early microbial evolution is unknown. Here, we test the influence of elevated SiO2(aq) on eukaryotic algae, as well as a prokaryote species. Our results demonstrate that under SiO2(aq) concentrations relevant to ancient seawater, intracellular Si accumulates to concentrations comparable to those found in siliceous algae such as diatoms. In addition, all eukaryotic algae showed a statistically significant response to the high‐Si treatment, including reduced average cell sizes and/or a reduction in the maximum growth rate. In contrast, there was no consistent response to the high‐Si treatment by the prokaryote species. Our results highlight the possibility that elevated marine SiO2(aq) may have been an environmental stressor during early eukaryotic evolution.
Privileged yet vulnerable: Shared memories of a deeply gendered lockdown
Authors: Ryan Irene , Hurd Fiona , Mudgway Cassandra , Myers Barbara 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe centrality of personal experience plays a pivotal role in feminist scholarship. We draw on the feminist inspired collaborative inquiry research method, memory‐work, to bring to the fore our experiences of living and working in lockdown, a Government enforced policy response to the global Covid‐19 pandemic in Aotearoa New Zealand. Memory‐work provided the conduit for us to work collaboratively with our experiences and make sense of the whirlwind we lived through. Our exploration is set against the backdrop of the challenges of the conservatism endemic in the neoliberal pathway taken in NZ and its transmission into the university sector. Through our collective editing of each account generated by the phrase “her murky boundaries of lockdown” two interconnected themes came to the fore in various guises: restricted and vulnerable. Using á collective “she” and “her,” we reconstruct and analyze the nuances of our shared experiences revealing layers of gendered vulnerability paradoxically intertwined with privilege at this unprecedented time. We conclude by arguing that lockdown exacerbated already existing divisions reinforcing how female, feminist, and academic remain an uncomfortable fit.
Therapeutic efficacy of lenvatinib as third‐line treatment after regorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Hiraoka Atsushi , Kumada Takashi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Tada Toshifumi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Fukunishi Shinya , Atsukawa Masanori , Hirooka Masashi , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Tajiri Kazuto , Shimada Noritomo , Shibata Hiroshi , Ochi Hironori , Kawata Kazuhito , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Chikara Ogawa , Tamai Tsutomu , Kakizaki Satoru , Tojima Hiroki , Nagashima Tamon , Ueno Takashi , Takizawa Daichi , Naganuma Atsushi , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Joko Kouji , Michitaka Kojiro , Hiasa Yoichi , Kudo Masatoshi ,   Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group, HCC 48 Group (hepatocellular carcinoma experts from 48 clinics in Japan), and GLSG (Gunma Liver Study Group)
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimMultiple molecular agents have been developed for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical efficacy of sequential treatment with lenvatinib after regorafenib failure.MethodsFrom June 2017 to October 2020, 63 patients with Child–Pugh A and treated with regorafenib followed by sorafenib were enrolled (median age 71 years, 52 men, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer B:C = 23:40). They were divided into two groups, those treated with lenvatinib after regorafenib treatment (R‐L group, n = 47) and those who did not receive lenvatinib after regorafenib (non‐R‐L group, n = 16). Prognostic factors were retrospectively analyzed after adjustment with inverse probability weighting.ResultsSerum albumin level at the start of regorafenib and reasons for discontinuation of regorafenib were significantly different between the R‐L and non‐R‐L groups, whereas the albumin‐bilirubin score, Child–Pugh class, and tumor burden were not. Progression‐free survival was also not significantly different (median 4.1 vs. 3.8 months, p = 0.586). As for overall survival, the R‐L group showed better prognosis after introducing regorafenib and after introducing sorafenib, following inverse probability weighting adjustment (MST 19.7 vs. 10.3 months, 33.8 vs. 15.3 months, p < 0.001 and p = 0.022, respectively). Modified albumin‐bilirubin grade 2b (score >−2.27) at the start of regorafenib (HR 2.074, p = 0.041) and the presence of lenvatinib treatment after regorafenib failure (HR 0.355, p = 0.004) were found to be significant prognostic factors in Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis, after inverse probability weighting adjustment.ConclusionThese results show that lenvatinib is a good sequential treatment option after progression under regorafenib therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients with better hepatic reserve function.
Development of a processing map for safe flash sintering of gadolinium‐doped ceria
Authors: Mishra Tarini Prasad , Lenser Christian , Raj Rishi , Guillon Olivier , Bram Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFlash sintering was discovered in 2010, where a dog‐bone‐shaped zirconia sample was sintered at a furnace temperature of 850°C in <5 s by applying electric fields of ~100 V cm−1 directly to the specimen. Since its discovery, it has been successfully applied to several if not all oxides and even ceramics of complex compositions. Among several processing parameters in flash sintering, the electrical parameters, i.e., electric field and electric current, were found to influence the onset temperature for flash and the degree of densification respectively. In this work, we have systematically investigated the influence of the electrical parameters on the onset temperature, densification behavior, and microstructure of the flash sintered samples. In particular, we focus on the development of a processing map that delineates the safe and fail regions for flash sintering over a wide range of applied current densities and electric fields. As a proof of concept, gadolinium‐doped ceria (GDC) is shown as an example for developing of such a processing map for flash sintering, which can also be transferred to different materials systems. Localization of current coupled with hot spot formation and crack formation is identified as two distinct failure modes in flash sintering. The grain size distribution across the current localized and nominal regions of the specimen was analyzed. The specimens show exaggerated grain growth near the positive electrode (anode). The region adjacent to the negative electrodes (cathode) showed retarded densification with large concentration of isolated pores. The electrical conductivity of the flash sintered and conventional sintered samples shows identical electrical conductivity. This quantitative analysis indicates that similar sintering quality of the GDC can be achieved by flash sintering at temperature as low as 680°C.
Combination of disease duration‐to‐age at diagnosis and hemoglobin A1c‐to‐serum C‐peptide reactivity ratios predicts patient response to glucose‐lowering medication in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study across Japan (JDDM59)
Authors: Kanatsuka Azuma , Sato Yasunori , Higashi Yoichiro , Goto Yoshimasa , Kawai Koichi , Maegawa Hiroshi ,   Japan Diabetes Data Management Study Group (JDDM)
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionKnowing the collective clinical factors that determine patient response to glucose‐lowering medication would be beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We carried out a retrospective cohort study to explore the combination of clinical factors involved in its therapeutic efficacy.Materials and MethodsThe results of cohort studies retrieved using the CoDiC® database across Japan from January 2005 to July 2018 were analyzed based on criterion that using insulin therapy indicates severe type 2 diabetes.ResultsA logistic regression analysis showed that age at diagnosis, disease duration, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and serum C‐peptide reactivity (CPR) at medication commencement were associated with the probability of insulin treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that these clinical factors predicted insulin treatment positivity with an area under the curve of >0.600. The area under the curve increased to 0.674 and 0.720 for the disease duration‐to‐age at diagnosis ratio and HbA1c‐to‐CPR ratio, respectively. Furthermore, area under the curve increased to 0.727 and 0.750 in the indices (duration‐to‐age ratio at diagnosis × 43 + HbA1c) and (duration‐to‐age ration at diagnosis × 21 + HbA1c‐to‐CPR ratio), respectively. After stratification to three groups according to the indices, monthly HbA1c levels during 6 months of treatment were higher in the upper one‐third than in the lower one‐third of patients, and many patients did not achieve the target HbA1c level (53 mmol/mol) in the upper one‐third, although greater than fourfold more patients were administered insulin in the upper one‐third.ConclusionsThe combination of disease duration‐to‐age at diagnosis and HbA1c‐to‐CPR ratios is a collective risk factor that predicts response to the medications.
Transcriptomic signatures of temperature adaptation in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica
Authors: Johnson Kevin M. , Jones Hollis R. , Casas Sandra M. , La Peyre Jerome F. , Kelly Morgan W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe large geographic distribution of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, makes it an ideal species to test how populations have adapted to latitudinal gradients in temperature. Despite inhabiting distinct thermal regimes, populations of C. virginica near the species’ southern and northern geographic range show no population differences in their physiological response to temperature. In this study, we used comparative transcriptomics to understand how oysters from either end of the species’ range maintain enantiostasis across three acclimation temperatures (10, 20, and 30°C). With this approach, we identified genes that were differentially expressed in response to temperature between individuals of C. virginica collected from New Brunswick, Canada and Louisiana, USA. We observed a core set of genes whose expression responded to temperature in both populations, but also an even larger set of genes with expression patterns that were unique to each population. Intriguingly, the genes with population‐specific responses to temperature had elevated FST and Ka/Ks ratios compared to the genome‐wide average. In contrast, genes showing only a response to temperature were found to only have elevated FST values suggesting that divergent FST may be due to selection on linked regulatory regions rather than positive selection on protein coding regions. Taken together, our results suggest that, despite coarse‐scale physiological similarities, natural selection has shaped divergent gene expression responses to temperature in geographically separated populations of this broadly eurythermal marine invertebrate.
Trends in antipsychotic prescribing among long‐term care residents receiving hospice care
Authors: Gerlach Lauren B. , Fashaw Shekinah , Strominger Julie , Ogarek Jessica , Zullo Andrew R. , Daiello Lori A. , Teno Joan , Shireman Theresa I. , Bynum Julie P. W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImportanceThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' (CMS) National Partnership to Improve Dementia Care in Nursing Homes (“CMS National Partnership”) focuses on reducing antipsychotic prescribing to long‐term care residents. Hospice enrollment is not an exclusionary condition for the antipsychotic quality measure reported by CMS. It is unclear how prescribing in hospice may have been impacted by the initiative.ObjectiveEstimate the association of the CMS National Partnership with trends in antipsychotic prescribing among long‐term care residents in hospice.DesignInterrupted time‐series analysis of a 100% Minimum Data Set sample with linked hospice claims from 2011 to 2017.SettingLong‐term care nursing facilities.ParticipantsOlder adults ≥65 residing in long‐term care (n = 3,741,379) and limited to those enrolled in hospice (n = 821,610).Main outcomeQuarterly prevalence of antipsychotic and other psychotropic (antianxiety, hypnotic, antidepressant) use among long‐term care residents; overall and among residents with dementia, stratified by hospice enrollment.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2017, parallel declines in antipsychotic prescribing were observed among long‐term care residents enrolled and not enrolled in hospice (hospice: decline from 26.8% to 18.7%; non‐hospice: decline from 23.0% to 14.4%). Following the 2012 CMS National Partnership, quarterly rates of antipsychotic prescribing declined significantly for both residents enrolled and not enrolled in hospice care. Declines in antipsychotic prescribing were greater for residents with dementia, with similar rates among residents enrolled and not enrolled in hospice. Among residents with dementia enrolled in hospice, use of other psychotropic medication classes including antianxiety, antidepressant, and hypnotic use remained relatively stable over time.Conclusions and relevanceDeclines in antipsychotic prescribing during the CMS National Partnership occurred among long‐term care residents in hospice, where use may be deemed clinically appropriate. Nursing homes are an important location for the provision of dementia end‐of‐life care and the drivers of potentially unintended reductions in antipsychotic use merits further investigation.
Epistemic Simplicity—A Virtue or a Vice?
Authors: Lichacz Piotr 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSimplicity was recently described in the philosophy of science as “perhaps the most controversial theoretical virtue” (Schindler 2018). It has been also argued that contrary to the standard view, simplicity is not merely a pragmatic virtue but also an epistemic one. Virtue epistemologists are also interested in epistemic virtues, but simplicity is usually absent in their discussions. This paper adduces several contemporary approaches to simplicity showing that in philosophy and in psychology it can be considered either as a virtue or as a vice. The paper then refers to the thought of Thomas Aquinas as an example of a premodern understanding of the virtue simplicity and suggests that his notion of simplicity as a virtue might be developed today within virtue epistemology into an interesting complement to this “perhaps the most controversial theoretical virtue” (Schindler 2018) known from contemporary philosophy.
The Diagnostic Value of an X‐ray‐based Scoring System for Degeneration of the Cervical Spine: A Reproducibility and Validation Study
Authors: van Eerd Maarten , Patijn Jacob , Loeffen Daan , van Kleef Maarten , Wildberger Joachim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn interventional pain medicine, cervical facet joint (CFJ) pain is commonly treated with CFJ denervation techniques, almost automatically assuming degeneration of the CFJs as an important cause of CFJ pain. A standard cervical X‐ray is still commonly used in the clinical evaluation of patients suspected for CFJ degeneration. Although degenerative features can be visualized by different radiological imaging techniques, the relation between radiological degenerative features of the cervical spine and pain remains controversial. Paramount in order to estimate the clinical usefulness of a radiological imaging is to establish the reproducibility of the radiological scoring system. A reproducible and clinically feasible diagnostic scoring system was developed to estimate cervical degeneration on standard cervical X‐rays.Materials and MethodsA reproducibility study for the interpretation of degenerative abnormalities on standard cervical X‐rays was performed, using a dichotomous outcome (degenerative abnormalities present Yes/No). The estimation of intervertebral disc height loss on standard cervical X‐rays was validated with computed tomography (CT) scan measurements.ResultsFive radiological degenerative features on standard cervical X‐rays (disc height loss, anterior vertebral osteophytes, posterior vertebral osteophytes, vertebral end plate sclerosis, and uncovertebral osteoarthritis) showed a substantial to excellent reproducibility (kappa value ≥ 0.60). The qualitative definition of disc height loss used in the reproducibility study showed a substantial agreement with the actual measurements of disc height loss on CT scan (kappa value = 0.69).ConclusionSubjective judgment of a cervical standard X‐ray is a reproducible method to demonstrate degenerative abnormalities of the cervical spine.