bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longer than prison? A comparison of length of stay in a medium security hospital and prison for perpetrators of violent crimes other than homicide or attempted homicide
Authors: Gosek Paweł , Kotowska Justyna , Rowińska‐Garbień Elżbieta , Bartczak Dariusz , Tomlin Jack , Heitzman Janusz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundConcerns have been raised that people detained in secure hospitals after a criminal act spend longer in a locked institution than people sent to prison for similar offending, but research evidence is scarce and conflicting.AimsTo compare the length of secure hospitalisation of people convicted of crimes for which flexible sentencing is allowed with length of time in prison for people serving a prison sentence for similar crimes who were not found mentally ill.MethodsA records‐based, retrospective study was conducted comparing length of stay of all inpatients in one medium security hospital in Poland, hospitalised between 2014 and 2018, who had been convicted of any interpersonal crime other than homicide or attempted homicide, and data on all sentenced prisoners in Poland on 09.05.2018 convicted of a similar range of offences. Homicide was excluded because, in Poland, it usually attracts a fixed sentence–a life sentence until the 1970s and currently a 25‐year imprisonment–so disrupting comparisons.ResultsEighty‐two patients completed their secure hospital stay within the study period or were still hospitalised at the census point 09.05.2018, only 10 of them women. Male patients convicted of stalking or similar threatening offence or ‘mistreatment’ spent, on average, almost twice as long confined to hospital than men sentenced to imprisonment spent in prison (28.8 months, respectively). By contrast, men hospitalised after sex offences were confined for over three years less than those sentenced to prison. Only bodily harm offences attracted comparable lengths of stay in hospital and prison.ConclusionsOur findings confirm significant disparities in length of time spent in a closed institution after offences of serious interpersonal violence, according to whether that institution was prison or hospital, but not all in the same direction. Next steps should explore reasons for this and relative longer‐term outcomes.
Severe antibody‐mediated transfusion‐related acute lung injury in an obstetric patient following transfusion of fresh frozen plasma from a non‐transfused male blood donor
Authors: Agergaard Charlotte Nielsen , Haunstrup Thure Mors , Fjordside Anne‐Louise , Baech John , Steffensen Rudi , Nielsen Kaspar René 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransfusion‐Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) has been associated with neutrophil reacting antibodies in transfused blood products. We report a case of life‐threatening TRALI in an obstetric patient triggered by transfusion from a non‐transfused male blood donor. A residual risk of TRALI exist, even in a male‐only plasma setting.
Nontraumatic bladder rupture: The images before and after
Authors: Okano Mitsumasa , Oshita Toshihiko , Otsui Kazunori , Sakaguchi Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe should consider the complication of bladder rupture for patients with worsened abdominal pain and inability to pass urine following acute cystitis. A CT scan is a useful first‐line modality when evaluating for a suspected bladder rupture.
Large pedunculated submucosal leiomyoma mimicking uterine prolapse
Authors: Zacharakis Dimitrios , Athanasiou Stavros , Kathopoulis Nikolaos , Michala Lina , Pontikaki Artemis , Angelou Kyveli , Grigoriadis Themos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe differential diagnosis of a sudden protrusion of a large vaginal mass includes a uterine or vaginal vault prolapse, a pedunculated uterine leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma, a uterine stromal tumor or a giant polyp.
Porous Anionic Co(II) Metal‐Organic Framework, with a High Density of Amino Groups, as a Superior Luminescent Sensor for Turn‐on Al(III) Detection
Authors: Chand Santanu , Verma Gaurav , Pal Arun , Pal Shyam Chand , Ma Shengqian , Das Madhab C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccumulation of high concentrations of Al(III) in body has a direct impact on health and therefore, the trace detection of Al(III) has been a matter for substantial concern. An anionic metal organic framework ({[Me2NH2]0.5[Co(DATRz)0.5(NH2BDC)] ⋅ xG}n; 1; HDATRz=3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole, H2NH2‐BDC=2‐amino‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, G=guest molecule) composed of two types of secondary building units (SBU) and channels of varying sizes was synthesized by employing a rational design mixed ligand synthesis approach. Free −NH2 groups on both the ligands are immobilized onto the pore surface of the MOF which acts as a superior luminescent sensor for turn‐on Al(III) detection. Furthermore, the large channels could allow the counter‐ions to pass through and get exchanged to selectively detect Al(III) in presence of other seventeen metal ions with magnificent luminescence enhancement. The observed limit of detection is as low as 17.5 ppb, which is the lowest among the MOF‐based sensors achieved so far. To make this detection approach simple, portable and economic, we demonstrate MOF filter paper test for real time naked eye observation.
Synthesis of Cu‐Modified Nickel Oxide Nanocrystals and Their Applications as Hole‐Injection layers for Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Du Hui , Ma Luying , Wang Xin , Li Yifei , Xu Maopeng , Liang Xiaoyong , Chen Desui , Jin Yizheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSolution‐processed NiOx thin films have been applied as hole‐injection layers (HILs) in quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). The commonly used NiOx HILs are prepared by the precursor‐based route, which requires high annealing temperatures of over 275 °C to in situ convert the precursors into oxide films. Such high processing temperatures of NiOx HILs hinder their applications in flexible devices. Herein, we report a low‐temperature approach based on Cu‐modified NiOx (NiOx‐Cu) nanocrystals to prepare HILs. A simple post‐synthetic surface‐modification step, which anchors the copper agents onto the surfaces of oxide nanocrystals, is developed to improve the electrical conductivity of the low‐temperature‐processed (135 °C) oxide‐nanocrystal thin films. In consequence, QLEDs based on the NiOx‐Cu HILs exhibit an external quantum efficiency of 17.5 % and a T95 operational lifetime of ∼2,800 h at an initial brightness of 1,000 cd m−2, meeting the commercialization requirements for display applications. The results shed light on the potential of using NiOx‐Cu HILs for realizing high‐performance flexible QLEDs.
Performance analysis of wireless power harvesting over signal to interference plus noise channel for full‐duplex services in LTE MIMO system
Authors: Abuhaija Belal 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe evolution of wireless communication systems and its strive to provide 5G services accompanied with the expanded use of communication devices with greedy applications have strained the device's battery power. In its quest to provide a solution to this problem, wireless communication systems proposed wireless energy harvesting. Communication channel time shall be split between sending and receiving data as well as energy harvesting. Maximizing spectral efficiency and minimizing power consumption are aims of 5G technology. In the literature, the time split was analyzed without considering LTE resource blocks or interference from adjacent devices and objects. In this second paper, we first pay special attention to interference and its impact on the system, as well as the mathematical equations derived for time split protocol while considering two main types of internet traffic services: VoIP and FTP. Second, the attention will be directed towards reasonable and logical analysis of LTE MIMO systems considering different internet traffic profiles.
Towards prevention of autoimmune diseases: The example of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hensvold Aase , Klareskog Lars 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevention is the ultimate aim for clinicians and scientists concerned with severe diseases, like many immune‐mediated conditions. Here, we describe recent progress in the understanding of etiology and molecular pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which make this disease a potential prototype for prevention that may include both public health measures and targeted and personalized approaches that we call “personalized prevention.” Critical components of this knowledge are (i) better understanding of the dynamics of the RA‐associated autoimmunity that may begin many years before onset of joint inflammation; (ii) insights into how this immunity may be triggered at mucosal surfaces after distinct environmental challenges; (iii) better understanding of which features of the pre‐existing immunity may cause symptoms that precede joint inflammation and predict a high risk for imminent arthritis development; and (iv) how molecular events occurring before onset of inflammation might be targeted by existing or future therapies, ultimately by specific targeting of Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II restricted and RA‐specific immunity. Our main conclusion is that studies and interventions in the phase of autoimmunity preceding RA offer new opportunities to prevent the disease and thereby also understand the molecular pathogenesis of its different variants.
Packing of spanning mixed arborescences
Authors: Gao Hui , Yang Daqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we characterize a mixed graph which contains edge and arc‐disjoint spanning mixed arborescences , such that for each , the cardinality of lies in some prescribed interval. This generalizes both Nash‐Williams and Tutte's theorem on spanning tree packing for undirected graphs and the previous characterization on digraphs which was given by Cai and Frank.
The Level of Alcohol Consumption in the Prior Year Does Not Impact Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Alcohol‐Associated Hepatitis
Authors: Musto Jessica A. , Eickhoff Jens , Ventura‐Cots Meritxell , Abraldes Juan G. , Bosques‐Padilla Francisco , Verna Elizabeth C. , Brown Robert S. , Vargas Victor , Altamirano Jose , Caballería Juan , Shawcross Debbie , Louvet Alexandre , Mathurin Philippe , Garcia‐Tsao Guadalupe , Schnabl Bernd , Bataller Ramon , Lucey Michael R. 
Published: June 2021

The 10‐item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT‐10) and its shorter form, AUDIT‐Consumption (AUDIT‐C), are questionnaires used to characterize severity of drinking. We hypothesized that liver injury and short‐term outcomes of alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) would correlate with a patient’s recent alcohol consumption as determined by AUDIT‐10 and AUDIT‐C. We analyzed a prospective international database of patients with AH diagnosed based on the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) standard definitions. All patients were interviewed using AUDIT‐10. Primary outcomes included the discriminatory ability of the AUDIT‐10 and AUDIT‐C scores for predicting survival status at 28 and 90 days and severity of liver injury, as measured by Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease–sodium (MELD‐Na). The relationship between AUDIT scores and survival status was quantified by calculating the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic analysis. The relationship between AUDIT scores and MELD‐Na was examined using correlation coefficients. In 245 patients (age range 25‐75 years; 35% female), we found no correlation between AUDIT‐10 or AUDIT‐C scores and either 28‐ or 90‐day mortality. Similarly, there was no correlation between AUDIT‐10 and AUDIT‐C and MELD‐Na scores. There was a strong positive correlation between MELD‐Na and 28‐ and 90‐day mortality. Additional measures of severity of alcohol use (average grams of alcohol consumed per day, years of drinking, convictions for driving under the influence, and rehabilitation attempts) and psychosocial factors (marriage, paid employment, and level of social support) had no influence on MELD‐Na. In patients presenting with AH, AUDIT‐10 and AUDIT‐C were predictors of neither clinical severity of liver disease nor short‐term mortality, suggesting that level of alcohol consumption in the prior year is not key to the presenting features or outcome of AH.
Obesity, inflammatory and thrombotic markers, and major clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 in the US
Authors: Friedman Allon N. , Guirguis John , Kapoor Rajat , Gupta Shruti , Leaf David E. , Timsina Lava R. ,   for the STOP‐COVID Investigators
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether obesity is independently associated with major adverse clinical outcomes and inflammatory and thrombotic markers in critically ill patients with COVID‐19.MethodsThe primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality in adults with COVID‐19 admitted to intensive care units across the US. Secondary outcomes were acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy (AKI‐RRT), thrombotic events, and seven blood markers of inflammation and thrombosis. Unadjusted and multivariable‐adjusted models were used.ResultsAmong the 4,908 study patients, mean (SD) age was 60.9 (14.7) years, 3,095 (62.8%) were male, and 2,552 (52.0%) had obesity. In multivariable models, BMI was not associated with mortality. Higher BMI beginning at 25 kg/m2 was associated with a greater risk of ARDS and AKI‐RRT but not thrombosis. There was no clinically significant association between BMI and inflammatory or thrombotic markers.ConclusionsIn critically ill patients with COVID‐19, higher BMI was not associated with death or thrombotic events but was associated with a greater risk of ARDS and AKI‐RRT. The lack of an association between BMI and circulating biomarkers calls into question the paradigm that obesity contributes to poor outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 by upregulating systemic inflammatory and prothrombotic pathways.
Why sustainable, inclusive, and resilient investment makes for efficacious post‐COVID medicine
Authors: Zenghelis Dimitri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe global economy is facing an unprecedented challenge, with the risk of a protracted depression following the response to COVID‐19. In 2014, I argued here that macroeconomic conditions made it a relatively favorable time to kick‐start investments in a resource‐efficient, low carbon economy. Yet the opportunity was, for the most part, squandered. Failure to utilize active fiscal policy contributed to growing private indebtedness, limited productivity and wage growth and widened inequality helping erode trust in institutions. All the while, greenhouse gas emissions continued to rise. This time, there are grounds for optimism that a more coordinated response toward generating an ambitious transition to net zero emissions might contribute to a strong, sustainable, and resilient recovery.This article is categorized under:
Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation
Heiße Spuren
Authors: Autsch Angelina , Sauer Stefanie , Mall Gita , Wittschieber Daniel 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Differenzialdiagnostik von Hautläsionen bei Lebenden gehört zum wesentlichen Aufgabenspektrum der „klinischen Rechtsmedizin“. Im vorliegenden Fall eines 10 Monate alten Jungen mit nichtjuckenden, jedoch geformt wirkenden Hautläsionen bat die behandelnde Kinderarztpraxis um rechtsmedizinische Mitbeurteilung wegen des Verdachts einer Misshandlung von Schutzbefohlenen mittels glühender Zigarettenspitzen. Auf Fotografien vom Tag der Erstvorstellung in der Kinderarztpraxis sowie von der Wiedervorstellung einen Tag später waren im linken oberen Rückenbereich mehrere rundliche Hautläsionen zu erkennen. Bei der nachfolgenden rechtsmedizinischen Untersuchung erschienen diese Läsionen nun mit goldgelb-braunen Krustenbildungen. Die Kenntnis der Läsionsentwicklung sowie der charakteristische Endbefund ermöglichten die sichere Diagnose einer Impetigo contagiosa. Der Fall verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit der engen Kooperation zwischen Klinik und Rechtsmedizin bei Sachlagen und Befunden mit initial möglich erscheinender strafrechtlicher Relevanz.
Ventricle contact may be associated with higher 11C methionine PET uptake in glioblastoma
Authors: van Dijken Bart R. J. , Schuuring Bram , Jeltema Hanne-Rinck , van Laar Peter Jan , Enting Roelien H. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Stormezand Gilles N. , van der Hoorn Anouk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Ventricle contact is associated with a worse prognosis and more aggressive tumor characteristics in glioblastoma (GBM). This is hypothesized to be a result of neural stem cells located around the lateral ventricles, in the subventricular zone. 11C Methionine positron emission tomography (metPET) is an indicator for increased proliferation, as it shows uptake of methionine, an amino acid needed for protein synthesis. This study is the first to study metPET characteristics of GBM in relation to ventricle contact.

Methods
A total of 12 patients with IDH wild-type GBM were included. Using MRI, the following regions were determined: primary tumor (defined as contrast enhancing lesion on T1) and peritumoral edema (defined as edema visible on FLAIR excluding the enhancement). PET parameters in these areas were extracted using PET fused with MRI imaging. Parameters extracted from the PET included maximum and mean tumor-to-normal ratio (TNRmax and TNRmean) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV).

Results
TNRmean of the primary tumor showed significantly higher values for the ventricle-contacting group compared to that for the non-contacting group (4.44 vs 2.67, p = 0.030). Other metPET parameters suggested higher values for the ventricle-contacting group, but these differences did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion
GBM with ventricle contact demonstrated a higher methionine uptake and might thus have increased proliferation compared with GBM without ventricle contact. This might explain survival differences and should be considered in treatment decisions.
Integrated understanding of hydrocephalus — a practical approach for a complex disease
Authors: Thomale U. W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMost of childhood hydrocephalus are originating during infancy. It is considered to be a complex disease since it is developed on the basis of heterogeneous pathophysiological mechanisms and different pathological conditions as well as during different age groups. Hence, it is of relevant importance to have a practical concept in mind, how to categorize hydrocephalus to surgically better approach this disease. The current review should offer further basis of discussion on a disease still most frequently seen in Pediatric Neurosurgery. Current literature on pathophysiology and classification of pediatric hydrocephalus has been reviewed to integrate the different published concepts of hydrocephalus for pediatric neurosurgeons. The current understanding of infant and childhood hydrocephalus pathophysiology is summarized. A simplified concept based on seven factors of CSF dynamics is elaborated and discussed in the context of recent discussions. The seven factors such as pulsatility, CSF production, major CSF pathways, minor CSF pathways, CSF absorption, venous outflow, and respiration may have different relevance and may also overlap for the individual hydrocephalic condition. The surgical options available for pediatric neurosurgeons to approach hydrocephalus must be adapted to the individual condition. The heterogeneity of hydrocephalus causes mostly developing during infancy warrant a simplified overview and understanding for an everyday approach. The proposed guide may be a basis for further discussion and may serve for a more or less simple categorization to better approach hydrocephalus as a pathophysiological complex disease.
Mapping Ethics Education in Accounting Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Poje Tamara , Zaman Groff Maja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe attention being paid to ethics education in accounting has been increasing, especially after the corporate accounting scandals at the turn of the century. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the existing research in the field of ethics education in accounting. To synthesize past research, a bibliometric analysis that references 134 primary studies is performed and three bibliometric methods are applied. First, we visualize the historical evolution of ethics education in accounting research through historiography. Second, we use bibliographic coupling to identify clusters of ethics education in accounting research before, during, and after major corporate scandals. Third, we perform a co-word analysis to connect the identified patterns into a map of a contextual space. The results reveal, in each decade, not only an increasing academic focus on this field of research, but also an increasing number of different research clusters. While the clusters Factors affecting moral judgement, Perception of ethics, and Lack of ethics topics in the last research period develop further from the respective clusters in the previous periods, Accounting beyond technical skills, Integration of ethics in accounting education, Use of developed ethics frameworks, and Professional values on the contrary develop anew in the last decade, as a consequence of a growing demand for teaching ethics. Overall, the paper presents the development patterns of ethics education in accounting research and sets up a research agenda that encourages future research.
Quantum Violation of the Suppes-Zanotti Inequalities and “Contextuality”
Authors: Svozil Karl 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Suppes-Zanotti inequalities involving the joint expectations of just three binary quantum observables are (re-)derived by the hull computation of the respective correlation polytope. A min-max calculation reveals its maximal quantum violations correspond to a generalized Tsirelson bound. Notions of “contextuality” motivated by such violations are critically reviewed.
Economic burden of age-related macular degeneration in routine clinical practice: the RAMDEBURS study
Authors: Ruiz-Moreno José M. , Arias Luís , Abraldes Maximino J. , Montero Javier , Udaondo Patricia ,   The RAMDEBURS study group
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To describe and evaluate the main direct health costs, in routine clinical practice, of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients, from hospital perspective, in Spain.

Methods
Retrospective, multicenter, and observational study conducted on five third-level Spanish hospitals, between December 2018 and December 2019. The study included patients who were diagnosed of AMD before December 2018. Direct healthcare costs were obtained from a Spanish database. Study variables included demographic and clinical variables, and resources, such as treatment, diagnostic tests, medical examination, and surgery. Among the 1414 screened AMD patients, 1164 patients were included. In the overall study patients, the total cost was €5,386,511.0, with a mean cost per patient of €4627.6 ± 2383.9. The largest cost items were diagnostic examinations (€2.832.902,0) and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) treatment (€2.038.257,2). Bevacizumab was administered to 325 (27.9%) patients, ranibizumab to 328 (28.2%), and aflibercept to 626 (53.8%); 115 (10.7%) patients received two anti-VEGF treatments, while 90 (7.7%) did not receive any. Over the course of the study, a total of 6,057 anti-VEGF injections were administered, with a mean (95% confidence interval) of 4.8 (4.4–5.2) injections per patient. Regarding safety, 29 patients experience injection-related adverse events, among them 12 patients had cataract and 11 ones elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The incidence of endophthalmitis was 0.5% (6/1164).

Conclusions
AMD was associated with considerable healthcare costs for regional healthcare systems. Diagnostic examinations, particularly OCT examinations, and anti-VEGF treatment represented the largest cost items.