bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing banking networks under decreasing costs of link formation
Authors: Maringer Dietmar , Craig Ben , Paterlini Sandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe structure of networks plays a central role in the behavior of financial systems and their response to policy. Real-world networks, however, are rarely directly observable: banks’ assets and liabilities are typically known, but not who is lending how much and to whom. This paper adds to the existing literature in two ways. First, it shows how to simulate realistic networks that are based on balance-sheet information. To do so, we introduce a model where links cause fixed-costs, independent of contract size; but the costs per link decrease the more connected a bank is (scale economies). Second, to approach the optimization problem, we develop a new algorithm inspired by the transportation planning literature and research in stochastic search heuristics. Computational experiments find that the resulting networks are not only consistent with the balance sheets, but also resemble real-world financial networks in their density (which is sparse but not minimally dense) and in their core-periphery and disassortative structure.
Metalogical Remarks on Induction
Authors: Woleński Jan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe problem of induction belongs to the most controversial issues in philosophy of science. If induction is understood widely, it covers every fallible inference, that is, such that its conclusion is not logically entailed by its premises. This paper analyses so-called reductive induction, that is, reasoning in which premises follow from the conclusion, but the reverse relation does not hold. Two issues are taken into account, namely the definition of reductive inference and its justification. The analysis proposed in the paper employs metalogical tools. The author agrees with the view that a quantitative account of degree of confirmation for universal theories via logical probability is problematic. However, prospect for a qualitative approach look as more promising. Using the construction of maximally consistent sets allows to distinguish good and worthless induction as well as shows how to understand induction in a semantic way. A closer analysis of deductivism in the theory of justification shows that it is a hidden inductivism.
Pre-diagnosis neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in individuals who develop lung cancer
Authors: Grieshober Laurie , Graw Stefan , Barnett Matt J. , Goodman Gary E. , Chen Chu , Koestler Devin C. , Marsit Carmen J. , Doherty Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation that has been reported to be associated with survival after chronic disease diagnoses, including lung cancer. We hypothesized that the inflammatory profile reflected by pre-diagnosis NLR, rather than the well-studied pre-treatment NLR at diagnosis, may be associated with increased mortality after lung cancer is diagnosed in high-risk heavy smokers.

Methods
We examined associations between pre-diagnosis methylation-derived NLR (mdNLR) and lung cancer-specific and all-cause mortality in 279 non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) and 81 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cases from the β-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET). Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, pack years, and time between blood draw and diagnosis, and stratified by stage of disease. Models were run separately by histotype.

Results
Among SCLC cases, those with pre-diagnosis mdNLR in the highest quartile had 2.5-fold increased mortality compared to those in the lowest quartile. For each unit increase in pre-diagnosis mdNLR, we observed 22–23% increased mortality (SCLC-specific hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.48; all-cause HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.01, 1.46). SCLC associations were strongest for current smokers at blood draw (Interaction Ps = 0.03). Increasing mdNLR was not associated with mortality among NSCLC overall, nor within adenocarcinoma (N = 148) or squamous cell carcinoma (N = 115) case groups.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that increased mdNLR, representing a systemic inflammatory profile on average 4.5 years before a SCLC diagnosis, may be associated with mortality in heavy smokers who go on to develop SCLC but not NSCLC.
Mediation analysis in recursive systems of distributed-lag linear regressions
Authors: Magrini Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecursive systems of linear regressions is a consolidated methodology for mediation analysis, allowing to determine causal effects of interest in a closed form based on the regression coefficients. In a dynamic perspective, distributed-lags can be added to each regression in order to represent causal effects persisting over several periods. However, mediation analysis in the dynamic case is challenging, because causal effects depend on the time lag, and a general procedure to compute their lag distribution based on the regression coefficients is currently missing. In this paper, we formalize the rules to perform mediation analysis in recursive systems of distributed-lag linear regressions, here called Distributed-lag Linear Recursive Models (DLRMs). Firstly, mediation analysis is based on the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) representation of the DLRM, then a DAG-free algorithm is proposed to improve computational efficiency. Our DAG-free algorithm is applied to a DLRM representing the impact pathways of agricultural research expenditure towards poverty reduction in rural areas.
Accumulation of selected metals and concentration of macroelements in liver and kidney tissues of sympatric golden jackal (Canis aureus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Somogy County, Hungary
Authors: Farkas Attila , Bidló András , Bolodár-Varga Bernadett , Jánoska Ferenc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examined the concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the liver and kidney samples of golden jackals (n = 163) and red foxes (n = 64). Additionally, we studied how sex affected element concentration in both species, and in the case of golden jackals, how concentration levels were affected by age.Liver was the most important storage organ for Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, while kidney for Cd and Na in jackals and foxes.We found no sex-related differences in concentration of any of the selected elements in fox samples. In jackals, the mean concentrations of Al, Mn, and Zn were significantly higher in kidneys of males, while Zn and Cu had higher concentrations in female livers. Our results suggest bioaccumulation processes do not occur in mesocarnivores.Lead and Cd concentrations fell within ranges accepted as normal for canine species and were below toxic levels in the organs of the examined species. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were far below the toxic levels in both organs of both species, with a slight sign of deficiency of Fe, Mn, and Zn in jackal and fox kidneys. In comparison with toxicity levels and results from other European study sites, the current study demonstrated that species living in the examined area of Somogy County, Hungary, are generally exposed to low levels of environmental contamination.
Proceedings of the First Curing Coma Campaign NIH Symposium: Challenging the Future of Research for Coma and Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Claassen Jan , Akbari Yama , Alexander Sheila , Bader Mary Kay , Bell Kathleen , Bleck Thomas P. , Boly Melanie , Brown Jeremy , Chou Sherry H.-Y. , Diringer Michael N. , Edlow Brian L. , Foreman Brandon , Giacino Joseph T. , Gosseries Olivia , Green Theresa , Greer David M. , Hanley Daniel F. , Hartings Jed A. , Helbok Raimund , Hemphill J. Claude , Hinson H. E. , Hirsch Karen , Human Theresa , James Michael L. , Ko Nerissa , Kondziella Daniel , Livesay Sarah , Madden Lori K. , Mainali Shraddha , Mayer Stephan A. , McCredie Victoria , McNett Molly M. , Meyfroidt Geert , Monti Martin M. , Muehlschlegel Susanne , Murthy Santosh , Nyquist Paul , Olson DaiWai M. , Provencio J. Javier , Rosenthal Eric , Sampaio Silva Gisele , Sarasso Simone , Schiff Nicholas D. , Sharshar Tarek , Shutter Lori , Stevens Robert D. , Vespa Paul , Videtta Walter , Wagner Amy , Ziai Wendy , Whyte John , Zink Elizabeth , Suarez Jose I. ,   the Curing Coma Campaign
Published: July 2021

AbstractComa and disorders of consciousness (DoC) are highly prevalent and constitute a burden for patients, families, and society worldwide. As part of the Curing Coma Campaign, the Neurocritical Care Society partnered with the National Institutes of Health to organize a symposium bringing together experts from all over the world to develop research targets for DoC. The conference was structured along six domains: (1) defining endotype/phenotypes, (2) biomarkers, (3) proof-of-concept clinical trials, (4) neuroprognostication, (5) long-term recovery, and (6) large datasets. This proceedings paper presents actionable research targets based on the presentations and discussions that occurred at the conference. We summarize the background, main research gaps, overall goals, the panel discussion of the approach, limitations and challenges, and deliverables that were identified.
Mechanisms Underlying Disorders of Consciousness: Bridging Gaps to Move Toward an Integrated Translational Science
Authors: Luppi Andrea I. , Cain Joshua , Spindler Lennart R. B. , Górska Urszula J. , Toker Daniel , Hudson Andrew E. , Brown Emery N. , Diringer Michael N. , Stevens Robert D. , Massimini Marcello , Monti Martin M. , Stamatakis Emmanuel A. , Boly Melanie ,   the Curing Coma Campaign and Its Contributing Collaborators
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aim
In order to successfully detect, classify, prognosticate, and develop targeted therapies for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC), it is crucial to improve our mechanistic understanding of how severe brain injuries result in these disorders.

Methods
To address this need, the Curing Coma Campaign convened a Mechanisms Sub-Group of the Coma Science Work Group (CSWG), aiming to identify the most pressing knowledge gaps and the most promising approaches to bridge them.

Results
We identified a key conceptual gap in the need to differentiate the neural mechanisms of consciousness per se, from those underpinning connectedness to the environment and behavioral responsiveness. Further, we characterised three fundamental gaps in DOC research: (1) a lack of mechanistic integration between structural brain damage and abnormal brain function in DOC; (2) a lack of translational bridges between micro- and macro-scale neural phenomena; and (3) an incomplete exploration of possible synergies between data-driven and theory-driven approaches.

Conclusion
In this white paper, we discuss research priorities that would enable us to begin to close these knowledge gaps. We propose that a fundamental step towards this goal will be to combine translational, multi-scale, and multimodal data, with new biomarkers, theory-driven approaches, and computational models, to produce an integrated account of neural mechanisms in DOC. Importantly, we envision that reciprocal interaction between domains will establish a “virtuous cycle,” leading towards a critical vantage point of integrated knowledge that will enable the advancement of the scientific understanding of DOC and consequently, an improvement of clinical practice.
Fire mitigates bark beetle outbreaks in serotinous forests
Authors: Jentsch Peter C. , Bauch Chris T. , Anand Madhur 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBark beetle outbreaks and forest fires have imposed severe ecological damage and caused billions of dollars in lost resources in recent decades. The impact of such combined disturbances is projected to become more severe, especially as climate change takes its toll on forest ecosystems in the coming years. Here, we investigate the impact of multiple disturbances in a demographically heterogeneous tree population, using an age-structured difference equation model of bark beetle outbreaks and forest fires. We identify two dynamical regimes for beetle and fire dynamics. The model predicts that fire helps dampen beetle outbreaks not only by removing host trees but also by altering the demographic structure of forest stands. We show that a stand thinning protocol, which reduces the population size of the largest few juvenile classes by a small percentage, is able to significantly reduce beetle-induced tree mortality. Our research demonstrates one approach to capturing compound disturbances in a mathematical model.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Poly(ethylene oxide) Composite Polymer Electrolyte via Incorporating Lithiated Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Yao Yuan , Cao Yu , Li Gang , Liu Cheng , Jiang Zhongyi , Pan Fusheng , Sun Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe lithiated covalent organic framework (named TpPa-SO3Li), which was prepared by a mild chemical lithiation strategy, was introduced in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to produce the composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs). Li-ion can transfer along the PEO chain or across the layer of TpPa-SO3Li within the nanochannels, resulting in a high Li-ion conductivity of 3.01 × 10−4 S/cm at 60 °C. When the CPE with 0.75 wt.% TpPa-SO3Li was used in the LiFePO4||Li solid-state battery, the cell delivered a stable capacity of 125 mA·h/g after 250 cycles at 0.5 C, 60 °C. In comparison, the cell using the CPE without TpPa-SO3Li exhibited a capacity of only 118 mA·h/g.
Colour variation of the Maltese wall lizards (Podarcis filfolensis) at population and individual levels in the Linosa island
Authors: Sacchi Roberto , Scali Stefano , Mangiacotti Marco , Ruffo Davide 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe research on animal colouration has always been of great interest for biologists but since the last decades it has grown exponentially thanks to multidisciplinary approaches. Animals have found several ways to deal with the camouflage/communication trade-off in colouration, leading to the evolution of alternative patterns of variation of colourations at different levels including signal partitioning and spatial resolution of colouration. In this paper we analyse the variability of dorsal and ventral colouration in males and females of Maltese wall lizards in three populations on Linosa. We collected high-resolution digital images of dorsal, ventral and throat colouration from 61 lizards (32 males and 29 females). We showed that the colouration differs among sexes and body regions within the same individual. Colourations are also variable among individuals within population, as well as among different populations across the Island. Finally, we detected a lizard’s colouration shifts with increasing body size. Those result supports the hypothesis that colouration in this species evolved under the competing pressures of natural and sexual selection to promote signals that are visible to conspecifics while being less perceptible to avian predators.Graphic abstract
A simulation model for dynamic behavior of directional sucker-rod pumping wells: implementation, analysis, and optimization
Authors: Araújo Roger R. F. , Xavier-de-Souza Samuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSucker-rod pumping wells can be either vertical or directional. Over time, research efforts on the functioning of vertical wells led to a well-established set of mathematical models and practical tools. When it comes to directional wells, however, no general agreement has been reached, and the topic remains in active discussion. This paper revisits, extends, implements and optimizes an overlooked model, initially devised in 1995, whose computational complexity resulted in long processing times that stymied its adoption. This model fully utilizes the 3D trajectory of the rod string, allowing for the use of two viscous friction models and proposing its own formulation for downhole boundary conditions. The resulting model can be used to efficiently simulate the dynamic behavior of directional sucker-rod pumping wells taking into account the fluid flow inside the rod-tubing annulus. We present and analyze a serial and a parallel software implementation of this CPU-intensive model based on an explicit finite-difference method. We also describe our contributions to the accuracy and performance of the original model and software implementation. A rough approximation shows that the proposed serial version is about 200 times faster than the legacy original code, if we were to run the latter in a modern processor. On top of that our parallel implementation achieved a 6.5$$\times $$
×
speedup over the serial version in a shared-memory system, making it a suitable tool for well design and optimization. The research contributes to the discussions on mathematical modeling of directional sucker-rod pumping wells, and illustrates how performance-focused techniques can enable the effective use of computationally demanding models to facilitate further refinements and applications.
Performance of a gas-lifted oil production well at steady state
Authors: Yadua Asekhame U. , Lawal Kazeem A. , Eyitayo Stella I. , Okoh Oluchukwu M. , Obi Chinyere C. , Matemilola Saka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough gas-lift is an established technology for improving the performances of oil production wells, the simplicity, robustness and accuracy of gas-lift models remain to be fully resolved. As an improvement on the traditional practice, this paper proposes a new approach for modelling the performance of gas-lifted wells at steady-state conditions. The conceptual framework splits the wellbore into two segments. The segments are of unique characteristics, yet they are hydraulically connected. While one segment is controlled primarily by the upstream reservoir-sandface conditions, the dynamics of the second segment are dominated by the lift-gas. This work results in a new four-phase model and an accompanying workflow for analysing the steady-state performance of a gas-lifted well. Using examples from fields operating under diverse conditions in the Niger Delta and North Sea, the new model is validated against a commercial wellbore performance simulator and actual field results. The new model yields average absolute deviation (AAD) of 2.7 and 5.4% against the commercial simulator and field results, respectively. Notwithstanding its relative simplicity, the range of AAD recorded for the new model and workflow attests to its robustness and applicability in practice. In addition to its simple mathematical form, a competitive feature of the proposed model relative to the commercial simulator and most other models is that it accounts for the four phases (gas, oil, water and solid particulates) typically encountered in mature oil production wells and brown fields.
CO2 storage capacity estimation under geological uncertainty using 3-D geological modeling of unconventional reservoir rocks in Shahejie Formation, block Nv32, China
Authors: AlRassas Ayman Mutahar , Ren Shaoran , Sun Renyuan , Thanh Hung Vo , Guan Zhenliang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderground CO2 storage is a promising technology for mitigating climate change. In this vein, the subsurface condition was inherited a lot of uncertainties that prevent the success of the CO2 storage project. Therefore, this study aims to build the 3D model under geological uncertainties for enhancing CO2 storage capacity in the Shahejie Formation (Es1), Nv32 block, China. The well logs, seismic data, and geological data were used for the construction of 3-D petrophysical models. The target study area model focused on four units (Es1 × 1, Es1 × 2, Es1 × 3, and Es1 × 4) in the Shahejie Formation. Well logs were utilized to predict petrophysical properties; the lithofacies indicated that the Shahejie Formation units are sandstone, shale, and limestone. Also, the petrophysical interpretation demonstrated that the $$Es1$$

E
s
1

reservoir exhibited high percentage porosity, permeability, and medium to high net-to-gross ratios. The static model showed that there are lateral heterogeneities in the reservoir properties and lithofacies; optimal reservoir rocks exist in Es1 × 4, Es1 × 3, and Es1 × 2 units. Moreover, the pore volume of the Es1 unit was estimated from petrophysical property models, ranging between 0.554369 and 10.03771 × 106 sm3, with a total volumetric value of 20.0819 × 106 sm3 for the four reservoir units. Then, the 100–400 realizations were generated for the pore volume uncertainties assessment. In consequence, 200 realizations were determined as an optimal solution for capturing geological uncertainties. The estimation of CO2 storage capacity in the Es1 formation ranged from 15.6 to 207.9 × 109 t. This result suggests the potential of CO2 geological storage in the Shahejie Formation, China.
A Brief Insight into Microbial Corrosion and its Mitigation with Eco-friendly Inhibitors
Authors: Lavanya M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCorrosion results from the electrochemical reactions between the metal and its existing environment. Corrosion results in severe and expensive damage to a wide spectrum of industries. When microbes are involved in corrosion it is seldom possible to economically evaluate its impact. Microbially influenced corrosion is recognized to cause catastrophic failures contributing to approximately 20% of the annual losses. In many engineering applications, microbially influenced corrosion control is of prime importance. Expensive, toxicity and sometimes, even ineffectiveness of the current chemical strategies to mitigate microbially influenced corrosion have shifted the interest towards eco-friendly inhibitors. The present review discusses microbial induced corrosion in various metals and its inhibition through eco-friendly inhibitors. In addition, the study also reviews the morphological and electrochemical impedance results.
PIC methods in astrophysics: simulations of relativistic jets and kinetic physics in astrophysical systems
Authors: Nishikawa Kenichi , Duţan Ioana , Köhn Christoph , Mizuno Yosuke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method has been developed by Oscar Buneman, Charles Birdsall, Roger W. Hockney, and John Dawson in the 1950s and, with the advances of computing power, has been further developed for several fields such as astrophysical, magnetospheric as well as solar plasmas and recently also for atmospheric and laser-plasma physics. Currently more than 15 semi-public PIC codes are available which we discuss in this review. Its applications have grown extensively with increasing computing power available on high performance computing facilities around the world. These systems allow the study of various topics of astrophysical plasmas, such as magnetic reconnection, pulsars and black hole magnetosphere, non-relativistic and relativistic shocks, relativistic jets, and laser-plasma physics. We review a plethora of astrophysical phenomena such as relativistic jets, instabilities, magnetic reconnection, pulsars, as well as PIC simulations of laser-plasma physics (until 2021) emphasizing the physics involved in the simulations. Finally, we give an outlook of the future simulations of jets associated to neutron stars, black holes and their merging and discuss the future of PIC simulations in the light of petascale and exascale computing.