bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excimer Laser Reablation
Authors: Loewenstein Ama , Lipshitz Isaac , Varssano David , Lazar Moshe 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of repeated excimer laser keratectomy after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 32 of 1000 consecutive patients who had a follow-up of at least 1 2 months and who underwent repeated PRK in the Assutah Laser Center.
* RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent (SE) declined significantly as a result of the repeated treatment. As opposed to zero eyes before re-treatment, 19 of 29 eyes (66%) achieved SE of within ± 1 D 6 months after re-treatment. Before re-treatment, 20 of 32 eyes (62%) had medium or severe haze, whereas after re-treatment only 1 of 29 eyes (3%) had medium haze, and none of the eyes had severe haze. At 6 months after reoperation, visual acuity had improved to 20/36, a significant improvement to the mean log MAR equivalent of 20/40 before re-treatment, yet still significantly worse than the log MAR equivalent before initial ablation which was 20/30.
* CONCLUSION: Repeated excimer laser PRK has the potential for successful treatment of undercorrection, regression, and haze occurring after an initial PRK.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:282-287.]
Decreased Prevalence of Retinopathy of Prematurity in an Inner-City Hospital
Authors: Lim Johnson , Fong Donald S , Dang Yadavinder 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Improvements in care of low birth weight preterm infants has led to an increased survival of this population. It is not known whether the improved care has decreased the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), or whether the survival of even smaller infants has increased the prevalence. The purpose this study was to determine the prevalence of ROP in an inner-city hospital during two time periods to determine whether the prevalence is changing.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The frequency and characteristics of ROP were compared between a 10-month observation period in 1995-1996 and published data from a similar time period in 1988-1989.

RESULTS: There were fewer cases of ROP per live births less than 1500 g during 1995-1996 compared with 1988-1989 (P < .0001). This included both mild and severe ROP. When the two racial subgroups were examined separately, there was a statistically significant decline for the black (P < .001) but not the Hispanic population (P = .12). The Mantel-Haenszel χ
p 2
test confirmed that the decline was statistically significant when the two groups were combined (P < .001).

* CONCLUSIONS: In this population, the prevalence of ROP appears to have decreased between 1995-1996 and 1988-1989. The subgroup experiencing the biggest decline was black infants. Other studies should be performed to investigate whether the frequency of ROP has also declined in other settings.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999; 30: 12-16.]
Total Internal Reflection of Laser Light in Eyes Filled With Silicone Oil
Authors: Bartov Elisha , Rock Tali , Treister Giora , Belkin Michael 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This is the first report of clinical settings in which total internal reflection of laser light in eyes filled with silicone oil was observed. The authors analyze this phenomenon and outline the potential hazards it may present to patient, surgeon, and operating room personnel.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors observed significant reflection of laser light off the silicone-water interface both intraoperatively and in the clinic. The critical angle according to Snell's law (i.e., the angle at which total internal reflection occurs at the interface between silicone oil and vitreous) was calculated. The critical angle was found to be 71.9691° ( 72°).
* RESULTS: An analysis of each of the clinical conditions where this phenomenon was observed is presented. Clinical and surgical implications are discussed.
* CONCLUSIONS: The hazard of total internal reflection of laser light in eyes filled with silicone oil should be recognized by ophthalmologists to avoid possible complications. Techniques for overcoming and circumventing the difficulties resulting from this phenomenon are proposed.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999; 30: 17-23.]
Evaluation of Triggers for Corneal Graft Rejection
Authors: Miedziak Anita I , Tambasco Fabiana P , Lucas-Glass Tina C , Rapuano Christopher J , Laibsan Peter R , Cohen Elisabeth J 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate potential triggering factors contributing to corneal graft rejection.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, case control study was conducted over a five month period. All patients presenting with new onset corneal graft rejection were enrolled into the study group. Two patients with clear grafts who presented shortly after each enrolled study group patient served as controls. Groups were matched for age, preoperative diagnosis, and number of previous keratoplasties. Participating patients and examining ophthalmologists filled out questionnaires regarding infectious, environmental and immunologie exposures.
* RESULTS: 66 patients were enrolled into the study, of which 22 had new rejection episodes. The most prevalent diagnoses were keratoconus (36.6%) and herpes simplex keratitis (22.7%). Anterior chamber reaction (77.3%) and keratic precipitates (68.2%) were the most common signs of graft rejection. A history of prior rejection episodes was significantly more frequent in the study group population (p < 0.001). Factors such as sun exposure, stress, smoking and travel were more prevalent in the rejection group but not statistically significant. The history of recent vaccinations and allergic reactions were equally prevalent in both groups.
* CONCLUSIONS: The new onset of corneal graft rejection was highly associated with a prior history of graft rejection episodes (p < 0.001). Other analyzed factors were not significant triggering factors for rejection in this small series.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:133-139.]
Preoperative Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Large Submacular Hemorrhage
Authors: Chaudhry Nauman A , Mieler William F , Han Dennis P , Alfaro Virgil D , Liggett Peter E 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) has been used as an adjunct in the surgical removal of submacular hemorrhage. It is usually used intraoperatively, but may not provide enough time for effective fibrinolysis, especially for a large hemorrhage. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and safety of preoperative use of TPA for large submacular hemorrhages.
* METHODS: Five eyes with large submacular hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration underwent subretinal injection of TPA in the office 24 hours before surgery. All hemorrhages were less than seven days old and at least 3 mm thick.
* RESULTS: Preoperative visual acuity ranged from counting fingers to hand motion (HM). Patient follow-up ranged from 3 months to 24 months (mean, 11 months). Final visual acuity ranged from 20/30 to HM. Four of the five eyes (80%) showed improved visual acuity after surgery and 3/5 (60%) attained visual acuity of 20/200 or better.
* CONCLUSION: Preoperative use of TPA for drainage of large submacular hemorrhage appears to be safe and may result in efficient clot removal. The true efficacy of TPA in the treatment of submacular hemorrhage can only be proven by a prospective randomized trial.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:176-180.]
The Relationship Between Capsulorhexis Size and Anterior Chamber Depth Relation
Authors: Çekiç Osman , Batman Cosar 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To der ermine whether the diameter of the capsulorhexis has an effect on anterior chamber depth (ACD) following phacoemulsification surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-one consecutive patients were selected for cataract extraction by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Twenty-two of 5 1 patients underwent 4 mm capsulorhexis, while the rest underwent 6 mm. All were implanted with a multi-piece polymethyl methacrylate posterior chamber IOL with 5.0 mm diameter biconvex optic and flexible haptic. They were followed 3 months postoperatively. The width of the capsulorhexis was assured according to the IOL optic implanted intraoperatively, and by the help of slitlamp measurement after dilatation of the pupil on the first postoperative day. ACD and axial length (AL) of patients was obtained by ultrasonography on both the days before surgery, and the first and seventh postoperative days, and after 30, 60 and 90 days.
* RESULTS: Early significant increase of ACD and ACD/AL ratios were observed in only the 6 mm capsulorhexis group on the first day postoperatively (P = .012, and P= .018). On the 90th postoperative day, ACD increased significantly both in the 4 mm (P = .002) and the 6 mm capsulorhexis groups (P = .049) when compared to preoperative values. For the same period, meaningful increase in ACD/AL ratio in the eyes with both 4 mm and 6 mm capsulorhexis groups was also noted compared with preoperatively (P= .002 and P = .019). There was a statistical difference between the 90th day ACD values of 4 mm (3.73 ± 0.32 mm, mean ± standard deviation) and 6 mm capsulorhexis groups (3.50 ±0.33 mm) (P= .028). For the same period, ACD/AL ratio was also significantly different for both groups (0.152 ±0.01, and 0.142 ±0.01 respectively) (P = .004). The refractive error changes followed the ACD changes and showed meaningful differences between 1st and 90th days postoperative values of each group (P= .029» and P= . 014, respectively).
* CONCLUSION: A 4 mm capsulorhexis results in a longer postoperative ACD than does a 6 mm capsulorhexis for the IOL type used in this study.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:185-190.]
Biconcave Contact Lenses: A Critical Analysis of Their Optical Properties
Authors: Rol Pascal , Fankhauser Franz , Niederer Peter 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this experiment was to compare biconcave contact lenses with other contact lenses already used for observation and irradiation of the retina and choroid.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The optical performance of different biconcave lenses is described in terms of magnification, resolution, and field of view. The optical properties of the eye were taken into account using the Gullstrand's model of the human eye.
* RESULTS: The performance of biconcave contact lenses represents a compromise between that of Goldmann's and wide angle indirect contact lenses. An upright image, with good peripheral image quality and an intermediate field of view is characteristic of such design. In addition, laser irradiation with large spot sizes is less hazardous when using such negative contact lenses compared to positive lenses of the same absolute refractive power.
* CONCLUSIONS: Biconcave contact lenses qualify as a complement to planoconcave lenses for chorioretinal observation and irradiation tasks. For the same magnification factor, the field of view is smaller than that obtained with indirect contact lenses but the image degradation in the periphery of the retina is reduced.
[Ophthalmic Surg and Lasers 1999;30:299-304.]
LASIK for the Correction of Residual Refractive Errors From Previous Surgical Procedures
Authors: Güell Joseph Ll , Gris Oscar , de Muller Ana , Corcostegui Borja 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) efficacy in correcting residual refractive errors after corneal or intraocular surgery (penetrating keratoplasty, radial keratotomy, photorefractive keratectomy, phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, penetrating ocular trauma and phakic IOL implantation).
* MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed LASIK in 87 eyes of 62 patients previously operated by means of other surgical techniques to completely correct the residual refractive error. We report the mean refractive error (in terms of spherical equivalent refraction), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and spectacle corrected visual acuity (SCVA) before and after the surgical procedure. We also analyze safety and stability, in these results with a minimum of 12 months follow-up.
* RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -5.25 ± 2.1 diopters (D). Postoperatively, mean spherical equivalent was -0.70 ± 0.65 D. 76% of eyes were between piano and -1.00 D and 99% were between piano and -2.25 D. At 12 months follow-up the change in the refractive result was equal or less than 0.5 D in 94% of eyes. Preoperatively SCVA was 1.0 or better in 24.13% of cases, and 0.5 or better in 89.65%. Postoperative SCVA was 1.0 or better in 26.43% and 0.5 or better in 95%. Preoperative UCVA was 0.1 in 2 eyes, 0.05 in 4 eyes and count fingers in the rest of the cases. Postoperative UCVA was 1.0 or better in 1.1% and 0.5 or better in 70.1%. We had an extremely low complication rate in this particular group of patients.
* CONCLUSIONS: LASIK can be successfully used to correct residual refractive errors after other surgical procedures.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:341-349.]
Reproducibility of Corneal Flap Thickness in LASIK
Authors: Jacobs Brian J , Deutsch Thomas A , Rubenstein Jonathan B 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND: The purpose of the microkeratome in laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is to create a corneal flap of desired thickness, thus exposing the stroma. The accuracy and repeatability of intended flap thickness with the current microkeratome system has not been documented. The purpose of this study was to determine the precision and consistency of creating a corneal flap thickness of 160µm with the Moria LSK-One microkeratome (distributed by Microtech, Inc., Doylestown, PA).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of 93 eyes from 67 patients who underwent LASIK were reviewed. The central corneal thickness was measured at baseline. The microkeratome using a "130" footplate was used to create an intended flap 160pm thick, and the corneal thickness was then remeasured.
* RESULTS: The mean flap thickness for both eyes combined was 1 59pm (S.D. = 28). There was no significant correlation between pre-flap corneal thickness or average K and the corneal flap thickness.
* CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that the Moria LSK-One microkeratome creates reproducible LASIK flaps consistently near the intended 160µm corneal flap thickness. This knowledge enables the surgeon to make a corneal flap with great confidence in the thickness of the excision. In addition, this study provides a clinical, in vivo model for testing corneal flap thickness.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:350-353.]
Use of a Macular Buckle in the Treatment of Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Conway Mandi D , Recasens Marta A , Peralta Enrique , Kertes Peter J , Greve Mark D J , El-Dessouky El-Said 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a macular buckle for exudative choroídal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-two eyes with choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM) secondary to ARMD underwent surgical placement of a macular buckle. A Gore-Tex strip (2.0-2.5 mm wide) was button-holed through a 5 mm diameter silicone sponge (9 mm long) and placed behind the macula underneath the CNVM by the same surgeon (Dr Peyman) in all cases. Follow-up ranged from 7-76 months (mean, 20.9 months).
* RESULTS: Of 12 eyes with classic subfoveal CNVM: 4 (33%) gained 2 or more lines of Snellen visual acuity; 3 (25%) gained 1 line, remained the same, or lost 1 line; and 5 (42%) lost 2 or more lines range + 6 to - 6 lines). Of 22 eyes with ill-defined subfoveal CNVM: 12 (54%) gained 1 line, remained the same, or lost 1 line; and 10 (46%) lost 2 or more lines (range + 1 to - 8 lines). Eight eyes with illdefined juxtafoveal CNVM had the following visual acuity outcomes: 5 eyes (62%) maintained the same level of Snellen visual acuity (gained 1 , O, or lost 1 line); and 3 (38%) got worse (lost 2 or more lines of Snellen visual acuity, range + 1 to - 6 lines). Ten eyes (24%) bled subretinally during the follow-up period (average 11.5 months, range 14 days to 27 months), all outside the area of indentation of the macular buckle.
* CONCLUSIONS: The macular buckle treatment for exudative subretinal choroidal neovascular membranes in ARMD stabilized visual decline and displaced significant subfoveal hemorrhage.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:619-630.]
An In Vivo Model of Femtosecond Laser Intrastromal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Sletten Karin R , Yen Kimberly G , Sayegh Samir , Loesel Frieder , Eckhoff Christine , Horvath Christopher , Meunier Mali , Juhasz Tibor , Kurtz Ron M 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To develop an animal model for evaluation of femtosecond laser intrastromal refractive surgery.
* METHODS: Intrastromal photodisruption was performed in New Zealand Albino rabbits using a femtosecond laser system. This surgical pattern consisted of a 100 µm-tick pyramid of laser pulses starting 180 µm below the corneal surface. Animals underwent serial slit lamp examinations and corneal thickness measurements at 1,3,7,14, and 28 days, then monthly up to 1 year.
* RESULTS: Approximately 70 µm of central corneal thinning were seen at 1 week, remaining stable up to 7 months.
* CONCLUSIONS: Intrastromal photodisruption with femtosecond lasers produced consistent changes in corneal thickness without loss of corneal transparency. These changes were more stable than those produced with excimer laser procedures in a similar animal model.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:742-749.]
Fluorescence Properties of a Hydrophilic Sensitizer in Pigmented Rats, Rabbits, and Monkeys
Authors: Moshfeghi Darius , Peyman Gholam A , Kazi Abdul Ahad , Unal Melih , Khoobehi Bahram , Yoneya Shin , Mori Keisuke 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate fluorescence properties of mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6; Merja Seika Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) photodynamic therapy, which allows real-time simultaneous imaging of choroidal and retinal vasculature during treatment without the addition of another dye.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four pigmented rabbits, 4 pigmented rats, and 2 African green monkeys were administered intravenous injections of the NPe6 dye. The animals were immediately placed in front of the scanning laser ophthalmoscope and the fundus was viewed with the helium-neon laser. The resulting fluorescence was viewed and recorded on super-VHS videotape.
* RESULTS: Fluorescence demonstrated clearly that NPe6 entered the retinal and choroidal circulation within seconds of intravenous injection. The concentration of NPe6 was diminished over a period of 1.5 hours in the monkey and 5 hours in the rat, as evidenced by considerable diminution of the intensity of fluorescence.
* CONCLUSION: NPe6 fluorescence allows evaluation of drug availability within the retinal and choroidal circulation and visualization of pathological lesions before commencement of photodynamic therapy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:750-753.]
Real-World Treatment Patterns in a Population With Neovascular AMD Treated With Anti-VEGF Agents
Authors: Urbano Catherine A. , Maatouk Christopher , Greenlee Tyler , Chen Andrew , Conti Thais F. , Briskin Isaac , Singh Rishi P. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To characterize mean number of injections, injection type, and injection frequency during the first year of treatment; assess factors significantly related to injection interval; and identify predictive factors related to patient outcomes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective, noncomparative, nonrandomized cohort study of ocular treatment with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Data from January 1, 2012, through March 31, 2018, were systematically extracted from the electronic medical record system at Cole Eye Institute. Eligible patients had three or more injections within the first 12 months of treatment and received no prior injections.

RESULTS:

Patients received an average 8.12 ± 2.45 injections, and 45% of patients received injections at an interval of 8 weeks or less (≤q8 weeks), 33% received injections at 8 to 12 weeks (q8-12 weeks), and 22% received injections at greater than 12 weeks (>q12 weeks). Age (
P
= .007) and initial central subfield thickness (CST) (
P
= .043) had statistically significant trend relationships (
P
= .007) with injection interval, whereas younger patients and patients with higher CST measurements tended to have shorter injection intervals. Injection interval was a significant predictor of visual acuity (VA) and CST. Patients receiving injections at q8-12 weeks were more likely to have better VA outcomes than patients with injection intervals at ≤q8 weeks (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66 [1.16, 2.37];
P
= .005). Patients receiving injections at >q12 weeks did not show a significant improvement in VA (
P
= .06) and were more likely to have worse CST outcomes than patients receiving injections at ≤q8 weeks (OR = 1.95 [1.17, 3.26];
P
= .011).

CONCLUSION:
A significant portion of patients receive injections at an interval longer than every 8 weeks. Age and baseline CST had a significant relationship with injection interval. Injection interval was a significant predictor of VA and CST at 1 year. Patients with an injection interval of >q12 weeks tended to have less VA improvement and CST reduction compared to the ≤q8 weeks and q8-12 weeks groups. These findings suggest an extended injection interval >q12 weeks may be at the expense of potential VA improvement.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:190–198.]
IMPLEMENTASI KRIPTOGRAFI KEAMANAN DATA RESI PADA PT JNE PERBAUNGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MERKLE HELLMAN
Authors: Pane Deski Helsa 
Published: April 2021

Pada PT. JNE data resi dapat diamankan karena tidak hanya keamanan data resi sehingga mengakibatkan costumer untuk mengecek data resi selalu terhambat. Pada pemasalahan tersebut di butuhkan ilmu kriptografi dalam mengamankan data resi metode Merkle Hellman.Untuk mempermudah dalam mengamankan data dapat menggunakan Kriptografi. Banyak metode yang dapat digunakan, salah satunya dengan menggunakan metode Merkle Hellman dalam pengambilan keamanan yang tepat. Penerapan metode ini yang dimasukkan kedalam coding program dengan implementasi Kriptografi keamanan Data pengujian sistem berdasarkan data yang telah diinputkan dapat membantu mengamankan data resi pada PT. JNE Perbaungan.Kata Kunci— Pengamanan, Kriptografi, Merkle Hellman.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUKAN PENERIMAAN BANTUAN DANA KOPERASI DESA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA ID3
Authors: Tajrin Tajrin 
Published: April 2021

Koperasi merupakan salah satu kegiatan organisasi ekonomi yang bekerja dalam bidang gerakan potensi sumber daya yang memiliki tujuan untuk mensejahterakan anggotanya. Agar suatu koperasi bisa berjalan lancar, koperasi harus bisa bekerja secara efisien dan mengikuti adanya prinsip dan kaidah ekonomi yang ada. Koperasi berdasarkan jenis usahanya dibagi ke dalam empat jenis, yaitu koperasi simpan pinjam, koperasi serba usaha, koperasi produksi dan koperasi konsumen. Dalam hal ini ialah koperasi simpan pinjam, dalam penyaluran dana tersebut, calon koperasi penerima bantuan dana bergulir khususnya koperasi simpan pinjam yang ada dan mengajukan proposal atau bantuan dana ke Koperasi pada Desa berdasarkan algoritma ID3, dimana metode tersebut berguna untuk merengkingkan data pengajuan dana koperasi simpan pinjam, maka rengkin yang paling tinggi akan mendapatkan bantuan dana koperasi Kata Kunci— Koperasi, Simpan Pinjam, ID3