bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEAD POISONING
Authors: Byers R. K. 
Published: December 2021

A review of the recent and some older pertinent literature relative to lead poisoning in childhood is presented.
Forty-five cases of lead poisoning from the author's experience are described. All were treated with intravenous or intramuscular administration of edathamil during the acute stages.
Oral administration of edathamil produced no shortening of the prolonged period of coproporphyrinuria following the cessation of intravenous use of edathamil.
In the acute stage, oral use of edathamil was less efficient than intravenous or intramuscular administration in returning the aberrant porphyrin metabolism toward normal. The selective effect of intravenous use of edathamil on the urinary excretion of coproporphyrin as opposed to the relatively slight effect on erythrocyte porphyrins confirms the notion that lead interferes with porphyrin metabolism at several physiologically distinct points; and that the hematopoietic marrow is not freed of lead by edathamil.
Edathamil given orally in the presence of lead in the intestinal tract is a very dangerous drug, and there is a hint that administration of even intravenous edathamil may promote lead absorption from the intestinal tract and its transport to the brain. Therefore, emptying the intestinal tract by enemata may be an important preliminary to treatment. Dehydration by severe catharsis would be undesirable.
With adequate treatment, half or more of the victims of lead poisoning should be returned to competitive life. Those persistently damaged intellectually suffer from acute encephalopathy and have often been re-exposed to lead after treatment of the acute disease.
GRULEE AWARD FOR 1958
Authors: GRULEE CLIFFORD G. 
Published: December 2021

THE RECIPIENT of the Clifford G. Grulee Award for 1958 is a most unusual person. He has served many disciplines in the child health field, all with distinction, and he has also found time to give invaluable services to the American Academy of Pediatrics in furthering its objectives.
Myron E. Wegman was born in Brooklyn about fifty years ago. After graduating from the College of the City of New York, he received an M.D. degree from Yale University in 1928. Dr. Wegman served as an interne, assistant resident, resident and instructor in Pediatrics at the New Haven Hospital and Yale University. In 1937 he returned to school and in 1938 received a Master of Public Health degree from Johns Hopkins University. After a short period as pediatric consultant to the Maryland State Health Department, Dr. Wegman became Assistant Professor of Child Hygiene at the School of Tropical Medicine at San Juan, Puerto Rico, where he served until 1942.
From 1942 until 1946 Dr. Wegman served as Director of School Health for New York City and as an instructor in pediatrics and public health at Columbia University and Cornell University.
In 1946 Myron Wegman was appointed Professor of Pediatrics and Head of the Department at Louisiana State University and Pediatrician-in-Chief to Charity Hospital, New Orleans, where he served until 1952. From 1952 to 1957 he held the position of Chief of the Division of Education and Training in the Pan American Sanitary Bureau and in 1957 became Secretary-General of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau and the Regional Office of the World Health Organization.
Dr. Wegman has served on many committees and commissions in all parts of the world and is recognized as a world authority on child health matters.
In addition to his position as a Contributing Editor to Pediatrics, Dr. Wegman has found time to serve as Chairman of the Academy's Committee on Latin American Affairs and consultant to the newly organized District IX Committee.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTACT ECZEMA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Hill Lewis Webb 
Published: December 2021

In 200 consecutive cases of eczema in children from the age of 7 weeks to 14 years, 53 were thought to be caused by outside contact with allergenic or irritating material.
The cause was determined in 31 cases, the probable cause in 18, and in 4 it was entirely unknown.
The cause was thought to be due to something connected with the clothes (including diapers and shoes) in 40 cases (74%).
Contact eczema, as seen in young children, differs from contact eczema in adults in that: it is more likely to be due to the clothes than to anything else, a high degree of sensitization with resulting vesiculation (although it can occur) is not so common as in adults, and primary irritants of relatively low irritating power are more likely to be causes than they are in adults.
Too many children are dieted for eczema when the cause is really something which contacts the skin from the outside.
Metabolism of Tryptophan in Phenylketonuria
Authors: BESSMAN SAMUEL P. , TADA KEIYA 
Published: December 2021

The finding by Armstrong et al. of increased indolelactic acid, indoleacetic acid and indoleaceturic acid in the urine of patients with phenylketonuria (Arch. Biochem. & Biophys., 52:287, 1954; Fed. Proc., 13:175, 1954) suggests a lesion of tryptophan metabolism. The report by Pare et al. (Lancet, 1:551, 1957 and 2:1099, 1958) of diminished conversion of 5-hydroxytryptophan to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in this disease discloses another lesion in the tryptophan pathways.
Recently we have observed an abnormality which further documents the metabolic error involving tryptophan in phenylketonuria, which appears worthy of attention because it is so easily demonstrable and may represent a method of testing for the tryptophan defect.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: AMBUEL J. PHILIP 
Published: December 2021

The answer to the question posed in the recent editorial (Pediatrics, 23:253, 1959), "Can the New Pediatrics Be Practiced?" may be conveniently divided into three parts:
1) What is the job of the pediatrician?
2) Do present training programs in pediatrics prepare their graduates for the "new pediatrics?"
3) Can the "new pediatrics" be practiced under the present set-up of medical economics?
What is the job of the pediatrician? Names compartmentalize our thinking processes and terms sometimes restrict our ability to think. Thus the term specialist, which now lumps the pediatricians, internist, general surgeon, cardiovascular surgeon, ophthalmologist, psychiatrist, etc., etc. into one big compartment, should be limited to those physicians who specialize in treating a part of the patient, on the whole patient for a very limited period of time or when he has a particular illness.
Raising Pediatric Fees
Authors: WILSON JAMES L. 
Published: December 2021

This letter is written to support the idea that it would be a good thing for the children of this country if pediatricians raised their fees. This bald and mercenary-like statement can be made particularly by me without question of a selfish motive, and I make it only to emphasize certain trends in pediatric practice which I think are not to the advantage of the public or of the pediatricians. Most pediatricians work too hard and see too many patients.
I assume the privilege of a confirmed professional teacher of pediatricians with a background approaching 30 years, to "point with pride" and "view with alarm" certain trends in pediatric practice.
I believe we can name hardly any more important influence for the well-being of the children in this country than the modern development of the practice of pediatrics as influenced by the American Board of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Pediatrics.
GLUCURONIC ACID CONJUGATION BY PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL NONHEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE AND THEIR RELATIVES
Authors: Childs Barton , Sidbury James B. , Migeon Claude J. 
Published: December 2021

Observations have been made on the capability of two patients with familial nonhemolytic jaundice and the relatives of these and other such patients to make glucuronic acid conjugates of several substances.
Studies of the physiologic disposition of 4-C14-cortisol and of tetrahydrocortisone in one patient demonstrated a partial deficiency in the conjugation of the reduced steroids with glucuronic acid.
One patient showed a like deficiency when treated with trichloroethanol. One parent of this patient showed a milder deficiency in conjugation of the same substance; the value for the other parent was below the range for controls.
Tests using sodium salicylate were carried out with both patients, their parents, three shared grandparents, and four sibs, as well as with both parents of a third patient, and both parents and several sibs of three other patients. Again, the patients showed marked impairment in glucuronide conjugation, while all but one parent, two of the grandparents, and several of the sibs showed an impairment intermediate between that of the patients and the normal values given by the controls.
Both patients and many of the relatives showed a better capability to make acyl glucuronide than the phenolic type.
The gene responsible for this disease is recessive with respect to jaundice, but shows incomplete dominance with respect to glucuronide conjugation of the test substances.
Medulloblastoma
Authors: RAUSOHOFF JOSEPH 
Published: December 2021

This monograph, one of Charles C Thomas' American Lecture Series, is written mainly from a neurosurgical point of view.
Part I, almost one-third of the book, is a careful consideration of this neoplasm against the background of our current knowledge of neoplasia in general. In addition, the relationship of medulloblastoma to the other neuroectodermal neoplasms as well as to leptomeningeal sarcomas is reviewed.
Part II of the book is a review of the clinical aspects of this disease. Material was collected from the University of Chicago Clinics, Yale University and the Lahey Clinic, as well as from the Brain Tumor Registry at New Haven.
THE EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON CANCER IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: C. Tan Charlotte T. , Dargeon Harold W. , Burchenal Joseph H. 
Published: December 2021

Actinomycin D has a slight but definite effect in producing regression of tumors in patients with cancer. Wilms' tumor and lymphomas have shown better response than other tumors. Although the effect of the combination of actinomycin D and x-ray therapy is difficult to evaluate, these agents appear to be additive in producing temporary regression of the tumor in some patients.
The usual single course of actinomycin D intravenously is 75 µ.g/kg of body weight divided into four or five daily doses. The oral dose of actinomycin D is 3 to 10 mg daily. About 5% of actinomycin D given orally is absorbed as evidenced by production of systemic toxicity. However, severe local gastrointestinal effect usually prevents adequate oral administration of the drug.
The toxic effects of actinomycin D are local on the gastrointestinal tract with ulceration of the mouth, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, occasional abdominal pain and diarrhea; exacerbation of skin reaction in previously irradiated areas; alopecia; decrease in leukocyte and platelet counts. The toxicity after intravenous administration of actinomycin D usually develops within the first 2 weeks and disappears within the next 2 weeks.
The duration of improvement after a single course of actinomycin D intravenously was usually from 1 to 10 weeks. Two children, one with Wilms' tumor and one with embryonal carcinoma, had no recurrence for 24 and 7 months, respectively. Both received maintenance doses of actinomycin D orally.
PREVENTIVE IMPLICATIONS OF A STUDY OF 100 CHILDREN TREATED FOR SERIOUS BURNS
Authors: Jensen Gordon D. 
Published: December 2021

The epidemiology of 100 cases of burns occurring to children in the city of Seattle, which were severe enough to require hospitalization, was studied for the purpose of discovering preventive techniques.
Burns to children occur primarily between the ages of 6 and 18 months of age. During the age of greatest incidence of burns, boys are burned twice as often as girls.
The most common cause of a burn in this series was accidental spilling of hot coffee or tea.
The most common place for occurrence of a burn is in the kitchen.
When burns occur, parents are in the room with the child as often as not.
Morbidity exceeded mortality by 99 to 1. Practical use can be made of this knowledge in efforts at accident prevention by the physician.
EDUCATION
Authors: May Charles D. 
Published: December 2021

ONE may be saddened by the ending of the careers of great men and at the same time deeply thankful that they have lived and spread their influence. So it is with Bronson Crothers and James L. Gamble, two of Boston's Greats, whose careers ended only weeks apart not long ago.
Pediatrics has been profoundly affected by the views and achievements of these men and successive generations will continue to be inspired by their deeds and through their disciples.
This is not an obituary to record the prosaic facts of dates, origins, migrations, degrees and honors, nor is it a eulogy by a close friend or devoted co-worker. These are memories, stirred by the ending of these careers, in one who never ceased to be aware of their influence on him as a medical student and hospital resident.
THE PEDIATRICIAN AND THE INDIVIDUAL DELINQUENT
Authors: Richmond Julius B. 
Published: December 2021

The Current Concern over juvenile delinquency has brought this problem more forcefully to the attention of physicians. It becomes important, therefore, in a period when people are charging off in all directions in search of a panacea for the prevention of juvenile delinquency, for us to remain aware of the fact that juvenile delinquency is a symptom and not a diagnosis. Just as headache and abdominal pain are symptoms which challenge the diagnostic skill of the physician, so juvenile delinquency is a symptom which is similarly challenging. The symptom per se never tells us the cause; the cause becomes a matter for further investigation.
Those who seek a single formula for the prevention of all delinquency are destined to experience nothing but frustration. We should recall that some very good minds have struggled with this problem over many years. In this field, as in all others, those who are ignorant of history are destined to repeat it.
A brief historical note is in order to indicate that the role of physicians in programs concerned with the prevention and treatment of the delinquent is not a new one. A Chicago physician, Dr. William Healy, in 1909 organized the first child guidance clinic in the world in an effort to deal with children brought to the attention of the court because of their antisocial behavior. The establishment of this clinic under medical auspices served as a stimulus for the development of child psychiatry as a discipline. Dr. Healy left behind him in Chicago the Institute for Juvenile Research which has carried on work in the field of delinquency for 50 years; he then went on to found the Judge Baker Clinic in Boston.
THE FIRST ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN THE FIRST AMERICAN PEDIATRIC JOURNAL (1884)
Authors: E. T. C. 
Published: December 2021

The first volume of the first American pediatric journal was published in 1884. The title and author of the first article in the January 1884 of this journal was "Convulsions in Children" by William T. Plant, M.D.
The first few paragraphs of Dr. Plant's article demonstrate his use of the active voice, his preference for positive assertions and his use of definite, specific, concrete language.
As likely as not your first patient will be a baby in a fit. The seizure has been sudden; the appearances are appalling; death is thought to be imminent and you are sent for because near at hand and likelier to be in than the older and usual family attendant. It may be a new experience for you and in dismay you ask yourself what you shall do. I will tell you. In the first place, go! "Stand not on the order of your going, but go at once!" Indeed the summons is so urgent that you can hardly do otherwise. And as you go you may get comfort from the thought that quite likely the fit will be over and the child asleep by the time you arrive and also that a convulsion does not very often end fatally.
We will suppose that the fit is not over and that you find the little one in such condition as I shall now describe. It is lying perhaps in a small bed-room. The ladies of the block or neighborhood, as many as can get in, are there, consternation in their faces and pity in their hearts, all anxious to help if they only knew what to do.
FLAME OR BIRD?
Authors: Fuerst Harold T. 
Published: December 2021

The acronym Torch has become common currency for a group of infections which, though heterogeneous in some attributes, share the characteristic of producing disseminated disease in the fetus and newborn. Several other infections have the same tendency but one omission from the schema is particularly disturbing, namely syphilis. I therefore propose that the letter "S" be prefixed to the acronym, giving STORCH. As the German for "stork," the connotation with the perinatal period seems highly suitable.
I have discussed the proposal with two flawed authorities (a couple of microbiologists) and their enthusiasm for change is surpassed only by my own.
Effects of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Minimal Brain Dysfunction
Authors: Tiwary C. M. , Rosenbloom A. L. , Robertson M. F. , Parker J. C. 
Published: December 2021

Synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has effected mood elevation in depressed patients and calmed labile behavior in a retarded adolescent. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of TRH in two children of normal intelligence with minimal brain dysfunction (hyperkinetic impulse disorder).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two 6 1.2year-old unrelated Caucasian subjects, a boy and a girl, were included in the double-blind cross-over study. Both were in good physical health and had unremarkable perinatal histories. Motor development and intelligence quotient were normal in both children, but the boy had delayed speech.
The Optimum Time To Operate for Cryptorchidism
Authors: Marshall Donald G. 
Published: December 2021

I would like to comment on the article by Lattimer et al. in the January 1974 issue of Pediatrics. I agree with the idea that the testis should be brought down, ideally between 4 to 5 years of age. There are a number of things in the article, though, that made my crew-cut stand right up on end.
I too am a great believer in the psychological value of the testis being in the scrotum and I have, therefore, used testicular prostheses when doing orchiopexies and either had to remove the testis or couldn't find one, over the past seven years in 25 boys.
Dr. Lattimer and Colleagues Reply
Authors: Lattimer John K. , Smith Arthur M. , Dougherty Louis J. , Beck Leah 
Published: December 2021

We certainly appreciate the opinions of those whose letters comment regarding our position on the problem of the cryptorchid testes. These indicate the spectrum of divergent views that accompanies every discussion of cryptorchidism.
We are in complete agreement that precise surgery on the genitourinary structures in children is a refinement of the art and requires the services of a urologist who deals with these problems on a continuing basis.
Looking back over the years at the cryptorchid children (and their families) whom we have treated, and having followed their progress and personality development as they grew, it is apparent that we previously dwelt too much just on the testicles.
Stimulation of Growth Hormone Secretion by Levodopa-Peopranolol in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Collu Robert , Leboeuf Gilles , Letarte Jacques , Ducharme Jacques R. 
Published: December 2021

Levodopa, 0.5 gm/1.73 sq m, and propranolol, 0.75 mg/kg, were administered orally to 23 children with short stature and 10 children suffering from various disorders. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests and arginine infusions were also utilized in some of these subjects to determine growth hormone (GH) response. Seventeen subjects with short stature had a GH peak greater than 5 ng/ml to the combined levodopa-propranolol provocative test (DPPT). The mean GH peak concentration obtained in this group was 19.6 ± 1.8 (SEM) ng/ml, and in 94.1% of these children the peak was obtained at either 30, 60, or 90 minutes following the administration of the two drugs. Six subjects with short stature who failed to respond to the DPPT had abnormal responses to at least two other stimulatory tests and were classified as GH-deficient. Two subjects among the ten suffering from various disorders failed to respond to the DPPT. The first was a case of chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary gland with primary amenorrhea and luteinizing hormone deficiency, and the second a case of Hand-Schüller-Christian disease.
The DPPT appears to be a reliable, safe, and easy-to-perform test to determine GH reserve.
A Limitation in the Use of Office Records for Health Care Evaluation
Authors: Long Thomas , Rogers K. D. 
Published: December 2021

A potential limitation of physician office records for ambulatory health care evaluation is their completeness. Criteria used to evaluate care of a specific problem not only should be of major importance in its diagnosis and treatment but should also be likely to be recorded in the physician's records. It is possible that a physician may not record certain kinds of observations and actions even though he performs them. Further, whether or not the physician enters information in his record may not be related to his opinion about its importance for patient care.
The specific questions asked in this study were whether practices deemed desirable by practitioners for diagnosis and management of sore throat of possible streptococcal origin were actually performed and, if so, whether the performance was recorded.
Renal Function in Obstructive Nephropathy: Long-Term Effect of Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Mayor Georges , Genton Noël , Torrado Antonio , Guignard Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2021

Renal function was studied in 24 children with chronic hydronephrosis and renal insufficiency. The follow-up period after reconstructive surgery was 1 to 12 years. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was assessed by the clearance of endogenous creatinine or inulin. Effective renal plasma flow was assessed by the clearance of PAH. Reconstructive surgery was performed during the first year of life in 12 out of 24 patients, between one and two years of life in 6 patients, and after two years of life in 6 patients. Three different patterns of evolution could be observed after relief of obstruction: (1) An improvement or a normalization of renal function only occurred in patients operated upon before one year of life. (2) A stabilization of renal function without normalization was observed in patients operated upon between one and two years of life. (3) A pro-gressive deterioration of renal function towards terminal renal failure was observed in five out of six patients operated upon after two years of age. This deterioration could not be explained by recurrence of detectable urinary tract infection or urinary stasis. The changes in GRF in four patients with a solitary kidney followed the same pattern.
We conclude that it is essential to correct severe chronic hydronephrosis associated with renal insufficiency before one year of age if a lasting improvement of renal function is to be expected.