bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional decline in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 in the early months of the pandemic
Authors: Daunter Alecia K. , Bowman Angeline , Danko John , Claflin Edward S. , Kratz Anna L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) survivors are at risk of functional decline. To address the current gap in knowledge about post‐acute needs of those infected by COVID‐19, we examined discharge function data to better prepare patients, providers, and health systems to return patients to optimal levels of functioning.ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of functional decline and related rehabilitation needs at hospital discharge.DesignProspective chart review.SettingAcademic tertiary care hospital.ParticipantsHospitalized adults with a laboratory confirmed COVID‐19 diagnosis, with admission dates between March 4, 2020 and May 1, 2020.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresDischarge location; need for outpatient physical, occupational, or speech therapy; need for durable medical equipment at discharge; presence of dysphagia at discharge; functional decline.ResultsThree hundred eleven potential cases were reviewed. The final number of cases included in analysis was N = 288; patient ages ranged from 20 to 95 years old (mean 66.80 ± 15.31 years). Nearly 20 % of COVID‐19 survivors were discharged to a location other than their home. Forty‐five percent of survivors experienced functional decline impacting their discharge. Eighty‐seven survivors (80.6%) who showed functional change during hospitalization were referred for additional therapy at discharge. At least 73 (67.6%) of these patients required durable medical equipment at discharge (in 12 cases this was not clearly documented). Twenty‐nine (26.7%) of the survivors who showed functional changes had ongoing dysphagia at the time of hospital discharge. Ninety‐seven of the survivors (40.6%) were never assessed by a PM&R physician, physical therapist, occupational therapist, or speech language pathologist during their hospitalization.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 mortality rates are frequently reported in the media, whereas the effects on function are not as well described. The information provided here highlights the need for rehabilitative services during and after hospitalization for COVID‐19.
Theoretical insights into phosphine‐catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation of allenoates with thiazolone‐derived alkenes
Authors: Hao Qiqi , He Nan , Wang Yi , Yang Xiaoyan , Wang Yonghuan , Zhu Yanyan , Qu Lingbo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, the mechanism of [4 + 2] annulation of allenoates with thiazolone‐derived alkenes catalyzed by phosphine has been studied using density functional theory (DFT). This work adopted the two different phosphine catalysts (named as Cat1 and Cat2) to participate in the theoretical calculation. Catalyst Cat1 was used as a chiral catalyst to obtain optically active products in good yield with excellent enantioselectivity. With the use of Cat2 as the achiral catalyst, products were not enantioselective. The calculated results indicate that the CC bond formation is not only the rate‐determining step but also the stereoselectivity‐determining step. The R‐configured product is predicted as the dominant product catalyzed by Cat1, which is consistent with the experimental results. Moreover, global reaction index (GRI), natural bond orbital (NBO), and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analyses indicate that the phosphine catalyst can enhance the nucleophilicity of reactant R1 and reduce the energy gap of the interacting HOMO and LUMO orbitals. The revealed mechanism would provide valuable clues in novel catalyst design.
The starting rate for high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in infants with bronchiolitis: Is clinical judgment enough?
Authors: Papoff Paola , Caresta Elena , Luciani Stefano , Pierangeli Alessandra , Scagnolari Carolina , Giannini Luigi , Midulla Fabio , Montecchia Francesco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether in infants with bronchiolitis admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) the starting rate for high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy set by the attending physicians upon clinical judgment meets patients' peak inspiratory flow (PIF) demands and how it influences respiratory mechanics and breathing effort.MethodologyWe simultaneously obtained respiratory flow and esophageal pressure data from 31 young infants with moderate‐to‐severe bronchiolitis before and after setting the HFNC rate at 1 L/kg/min (HFNC‐1), 2 L/kg/min (HFNC‐2) or upon clinical judgment and compared data for PIF, respiratory mechanics, and breathing effort.ResultsBefore HFNC oxygen therapy started, 16 (65%) infants had a PIF less than 1 L/kg/min (normal‐PIF) and 15 (45%) had a PIF more than or equal to 1 L/kg/min (high‐PIF). Normal‐PIF‐infants had higher airway resistance (p < .001) and breathing effort indexes (e.g., pressure rate product per min [PTP/min], p = .028) than high‐PIF‐infants. Starting the HFNC rate upon clinical judgment (1.20–2.05 L/kg/min) met all infants' PIFs. In normal‐PIF‐infants, the clinically judged flow rate increased PIF (p = .081) and tidal volume (p = .029), reduced airway resistance (p = .011), and intrinsic positive end‐expiratory pressure (p = .041), whereas, in both high‐PIF and normal‐PIF infants, it decreased respiratory rate (p < .001) and indexes of breathing effort such as PTP/min (in normal‐PIF infants, p = .004; in high‐PIF infants, p = .001). The 2 L/kg/min but not 1 L/kg/min rate induced similar effects.ConclusionsThe wide PIF distribution in our PICU population of infants with bronchiolitis suggests two disease phenotypes whose therapeutic options might differ. An initial flow rate of nearly 2 L/kg/min meets patients' flow demands and improves respiratory mechanics and breathing effort.
BoxCar increases the depth and reproducibility of diabetic urinary proteome analysis
Authors: Ye Shu , Zhai Linhui , Hu Hao , Tan Minjia , Du Shichun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeMass spectrometry‐based proteomics performs well in high throughput detection of urinary proteins. Nonetheless, protein identification depth and reproducibility remain the challenges in diabetic urinary proteome with high complexity and broad dynamic range, especially for low‐abundant proteins. As a new data acquisition strategy, the BoxCar method was reported to benefit for low‐abundant protein identification. Whether it is propitious to diabetic samples with high dynamic range proteomes has not been discussed yet. We aimed to apply BoxCar method to diabetic urine sample analysis, and to compare it with standard data dependent acquisition (DDA) method on protein identification in detail.Experimental DesignWe performed seven technical replicates analysis on two urine samples from healthy individuals and diabetic patients to evaluate protein detection of BoxCar and standard DDA methods on single sample. Further comparison of two methods was made on multiple diabetic urine samples.ResultsBoxCar could increase over 20% of identified proteins and performed better quantitative reproducibility than standard DDA method either in single or multiple diabetic urinary samples. BoxCar also improved the detection of low‐abundant proteins. Functional enrichment analysis of normal albuminuria or microalbuminuria samples indicated that BoxCar acquired more diabetes‐related biological information.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe study demonstrates that BoxCar could enhance the depth and reproducibility in diabetic urinary proteome analysis, which provides reference for mass spectrometry approach selection in clinical urinary proteomic research.
Complex structure reveals CcmM and CcmN form a heterotrimeric adaptor in β‐carboxysome
Authors: Sun Hui , Cui Ning , Han Shu‐Jing , Chen Zhi‐Peng , Xia Ling‐Yun , Chen Yuxing , Jiang Yong‐Liang , Zhou Cong‐Zhao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCarboxysome is an icosahedral self‐assembled microcompartment that sequesters RuBisCO and carbonic anhydrases within a selectively permeable protein shell. The scaffolding proteins, CcmM, and CcmN were proposed to act as adaptors that crosslink the enzymatic core to shell facets. However, the details of interaction pattern remain unknown. Here we obtained a stable heterotrimeric complex of CcmM γ‐carbonic anhydrase domain (termed CcmMNT) and CcmN, with a 1:2 stoichiometry, which interacts with the shell proteins CcmO and CcmL in vitro. The 2.9 Å crystal structure of this heterotrimer revealed an asymmetric bundle composed of one CcmMNT and two CcmN subunits, all of which adopt a triangular left‐handed β‐helical barrel structure. The central CcmN subunit packs against CcmMNT and another CcmN subunit via a wall‐to‐edge or wall‐to‐wall pattern, respectively. Together with previous findings, we propose CcmMNT‐CcmN functions as an adaptor to facilitate the recruitment of shell proteins and the assembly of intact β‐carboxysome.
Picotamide inhibits a wide spectrum of agonist‐induced smooth muscle contractions in porcine renal interlobar and coronary arteries
Authors: Li Bingsheng , Huang Ru , Wang Ruixiao , Liu Yuhan , Stief Christian G. , Hennenberg Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPicotamide is a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist and TXA2 synthase inhibitor. In clinical studies, it has been considered as a platelet aggregation inhibitor and improved renal function. In vitro studies suggested inhibition of smooth muscle contraction by picotamide, which is poorly understood. Here, we examined effects of picotamide on contractions of renal interlobar and coronary porcine arteries, induced by different vasoconstrictors. Contractions were induced in an organ bath by agonists or electric field stimulation (EFS). Picotamide inhibited EFS‐induced contractions of interlobar arteries around 50% using concentrations of 100 and 300 µM. In interlobar arteries, concentration response curves for contractions induced by three different α1‐adrenoceptor agonists were shifted to the right by picotamide (2–10‐fold increases in EC50). In coronary arteries, α1‐adrenergic contractions were inhibited without right shift (approx. 50%). Contractions induced by two different cholinergic agonists in coronary arteries were inhibited by picotamide (≥50%) withouth right shift. Inhibition of serotonin‐induced contractions by picotamide showed features of a right shift, whereas contractions induced by the TXA2 analog U46619, angiotensin‐II, and endothelin‐1 were inhibited by picotamide in interlobar and coronary arteries without right shifts and to different degree. Picotamide inhibits a wide spectrum of vasoconstrictor‐induced contractions in porcine interlobar and coronary arteries. Inhibition of vasocontraction may contribute to beneficial effects of picotamide in the cardiovascular system and kidney.
A class of new nonparametric circular‐grid charts for signal classification
Authors: Song Zhi , Mukherjee Amitava , Ma Ning , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, some efficient monitoring and post‐signal follow‐up approaches are studied and compared for joint surveillance of location and scale of a process using the notions of circular‐grid (CG) schemes. Precisely, three variants of CG Cucconi schemes are introduced and compared with three variants of percentile modified Lepage (PML) schemes. One of the PML schemes is equivalent to the traditional CG Lepage scheme, while another may be viewed as the Lepage type statistic using Gastwrith score, which is also a powerful tool for process surveillance. Overall, one of the proposed CG Cucconi schemes is most effective in identifying a class of signals, whether it is a location shift or scale shift or a shift in both parameters. It also indicates the direction of the shifts in either or both the parameters. Detecting a downward scale shift is the most challenging task in joint monitoring, and to this end, a new bias‐corrected CG Lepage scheme is introduced. We compare the competing schemes in terms of correct signal classification probabilities. We illustrate the use of the proposed schemes in monitoring the trip‐duration data in cab services. Some concluding remarks and future research problems are offered.
Flexible time reduction method for burn‐in of high‐quality products
Authors: Kurz Daniel , Lewitschnig Horst , Pilz Juergen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBurn‐in is an effective method to screen out early failures of electronic devices. Typically, this is achieved by operating the devices under accelerated stress conditions. This paper focuses on a burn‐in concept where a random sample of devices is drawn out of the running production, put to burn‐in, and investigated for early failures. This procedure is called burn‐in study. In parallel, as long as the burn‐in study is ongoing, all other produced devices are subjected to burn‐in screening. In this article, new flexible sampling plans for burn‐in studies are introduced. These are based on the progress of these studies and defined quality targets. Furthermore, these sampling plans enable fast burn‐in time reductions and various time reduction strategies. From a statistical point of view, this requires to combine the proportion of early failures in a population with their lifetime distribution function. The new model is illustrated by case studies and simulations. It contributes to burn‐in cost reductions, while controlling quality levels at the same time.
Reliability modeling for multistage systems subject to competing failure processes
Authors: Lyu Hao , Yang Zaiyou , Wang Shuai , Zhao Yaping , Pecht Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel multistage reliability model is provided as systems are often divided into many stages according to system degradation characteristics. Multistage hard failure (caused by random shock) process (MHFP) and multistage soft failure (caused by random shock and continuous degradation) process (MSFP) are introduced to describe the competing failure processes, where either the MSFP or MHFP would break down the system. The shock processes impact the system in three ways: (1) fatal load shocks cause hard failure immediately in the hard failure process; (2) time shocks cause a hard failure threshold changing; (3) damage load shocks cause degradation level increasing in the soft failure process. In this paper, a density function dispersion method is carried out to address the multistage reliability model, and the effectiveness of the proposed models is demonstrated by reliability analysis with the one‐stage model. Finally, the multistage model is applied to a case study, the degradation process is divided into three stages, and the hard failure threshold can be transmitted twice. The proposed model can be applied in other multistage situations, and the calculation method can satisfy the accuracy requirements.
Study of Anticancer Drugs Interaction with Hemoglobin by Electrochemical Methods and Molecular Docking: Implications towards Anticancer Treatment
Authors: Nayak Jyotsnamayee , Sahoo Suban K. , Kumar Rajender 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChemotherapeutic drugs tend to cause hemolysis; however, hemoglobin‘s mode of action is still less explored. In the present study, we used electrochemical methods and molecular docking approach to study anticancer drugs and hemoglobin interaction. For this purpose, we prepared self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiolated hemoglobin on the gold substrate. Electrochemically active chemo drugs, i. e., doxorubicin, withaferin‐a, and 5‐fluorouracil, are selected and allowed to interact with SAMs of hemoglobin at the physiological condition to study the redox activity and impedimetric behavior. Doxorubicin and withaferin‐a show similar behavior in cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopic, i. e., redox process due to hydroquinone/quinone/ketone ring, and faster interfacial electro‐transfer kinetics and decreasing in electron‐transfer resistance with increasing concentration. In contrast, 5‐fluorouracil shows only the oxidation reaction. The molecular docking studies were in good agreement with the electrochemical study. All selected anticancer drugs are found to bind hemoglobin, with doxorubicin showing maximum binding efficiency and 5‐fluorouracil showing the least. Doxorubicin's highest binding sites contain Tyr 145, which may be involved in the electron transport pathway between doxorubicin and hemoglobin, while Tyr35 in withaferin‐a, but absent in case of 5‐fluorouracil.
Facile Synthesis of Ag NPs Decorated CuO/Cu2O Composite Nanoparticles for Enhancing Catalytic Activity in the Hydrogenation of 4‐ Nitrophenol
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Xie Ruyan , Song Wanyu , Zhang Fang , Chen Lihua , Chai Fang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe catalytic hydrogenation of 4‐Nitrophenol (4‐NP) can transfer serious toxic 4‐NP to invaluable industrial raw materials 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) in the presence of NaBH4, which prevents industrial and agricultural wastewater affecting the health of living beings. It is crucial and meaningful to design cost‐effective catalysts as alternate to cut down the dependence on precious metals catalysts in the reduction of 4‐NP. Metal/semiconductor composites can be endowed promising cost‐effective substitution to catalyticly reduce 4‐NP. Herein, CuO/Cu2O−Ag composite nanoparticles (CNPs) were prepared based on the CuO/Cu2O nanocubes by a step method. The morphology and components of the CuO/Cu2O−Ag CNPs were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) respectively. CuO/Cu2O−Ag CNPs displayed high catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of 4‐NP with pseudo‐first‐order rate constant of 1.5×10−2 s−1. Notably, a high turnover frequency of 6.44×10−2 s−1 was obtained, which expressed much higher than some noble‐metal catalysts. Also, CuO/Cu2O−Ag CNPs exhibited outstanding sustainable catalytic performance, as no distinct activity slump was perceived in continuous 10 cycles with conversion rate exceed 95 %, endowed it potential utility in industrialization.
A geometric Jacquet–Langlands correspondence for paramodular Siegel threefolds
Authors: van Hoften Pol 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study the Picard–Lefschetz formula for Siegel modular threefolds of paramodular level and prove the weight-monodromy conjecture for its middle degree inner cohomology. We give some applications to the Langlands programme: using Rapoport-Zink uniformisation of the supersingular locus of the special fiber, we construct a geometric Jacquet–Langlands correspondence between$${\text {GSp}}_4$$GSp4and a definite inner form, proving a conjecture of Ibukiyama. We also prove an integral version of the weight-monodromy conjecture and use it to deduce a level lowering result for cohomological cuspidal automorphic representations of$${\text {GSp}}_4$$GSp4.
Kompetenzdiagnose in der Berufsbildung von Pflegelehrpersonen
Authors: Schürmann Mirko , Bender Elena , Grebe Christian 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) wird das Instrument zur Diagnose pädagogischer Kompetenzen von Pflegelehrpersonen (PädKomPflege) vorgestellt.Die Berufsbildung in der Pflege ist durch sich verändernde inhaltliche und gesetzliche Anforderungen geprägt. Verschiedene landesspezifische rechtliche Vorgaben führen zu einem sehr heterogenen Bild von Qualifikationen und Kompetenzen der Pflegelehrpersonen. Die Anrechnung bereits erworbener Kompetenzen auf pflegepädagogische Studiengänge sowie die Kompetenzerfassung und -bilanzierung in Berufsbildungseinrichtungen spielt daher eine wichtige Rolle. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde das Instrument PädKomPflege entwickelt und erprobt. Grundlage des Kompetenzmodells sind die Empfehlungen der Kultusministerkonferenz (2004) zu den Standards für die (allgemeine) Lehrerbildung sowie Expertenworkshops und -interviews mit PflegedidaktikerInnen. Die empirische Erprobung erfolgte an einer Stichprobe von 1096 Pflegelehrpersonen. Psychometrische Analysen auf Grundlage der klassischen Testtheorie sowie IRT-basierte Analysen führten zu einer Überarbeitung des Instruments, welches nun als zweisprachiges Online-Self-Assessmenttool (eng./deut.) vorliegt. Die Validierung der deutschsprachigen Version fand anhand von 545 TeilnehmerInnen im Jahr 2016 statt, sodass ein geprüftes Instrument mit 54 Items in den fünf Hauptskalen (Unterricht, Beurteilung, Beratung, Lernortkooperation sowie Organisations- und Schulentwicklung) und 18 Subskalen zur Verfügung steht.Sowohl klassische als auch probabilistische Testgütekriterien werden erfüllt. Die Skalen weisen hohe interne Konsistenzen auf (α > 0,80) und sind überwiegend konstruktvalide. So lassen sich für 17 der 18 Subskalen ordinale Raschmodelle anpassen. Auf der Ebene der Hauptskalen können Partial Credit Modelle für alle Items von modellkonformen Subskalen einer Hauptskala angepasst werden. Das Instrument kann zur individuellen Kompetenzdiagnostik, zur Identifikation von Bildungsbedarfen in Schulen des Gesundheitswesens und im Kontext beruflicher Bildungsprozesse genutzt werden. In der Onlineversion erhalten Teilnehmende abschließend ein individuelles Kompetenzprofil mit möglichen Vergleichswerten. Das Tool kann begleitend zu Qualifizierungsprozessen als Monitoring-Instrument oder zur individuellen Kompetenzbilanzierung eingesetzt werden.
Probing the nanofriction of non-halogenated phosphonium-based ionic liquid additives in glycol ether oil on titanium surface
Authors: Qiu Xiuhua , Lu Linghong , Qu Zhenyu , Liao Jiongtao , Fan Qi , Shah Faiz Ullah , Zhang Wenling , An Rong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe nanofrictional behavior of non-halogentated phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) mixed with diethylene glycol dibutyl ether in the molar ratios of 1:10 and 1:70 was investigated on the titanium (Ti) substrate using atomic force microscopy (AFM). A significant reduction is observed in the friction coefficient μ for the IL-oil mixtures with a higher IL concentration (1:10, μ ∼ 0.05), compared to that for the lower concentration 1:70 (μ ∼ 0.1). AFM approaching force-distance curves and number density profiles for IL-oil mixtures with a higher concentration revealed that the IL preferred to accumulate at the surface forming IL-rich layered structures. The ordered IL-rich layers formed on the titanium surface facilitated the reduction of the nanoscale friction by preventing direct surface-to-surface contact. However, the ordered IL layers disappeared in the case of lower concentration, resulting in an incomplete boundary layers, because the ions were displaced by molecules of the oil during sliding and revealed to be less efficient in friction reduction.
Firmware Security Module
Authors: Pott Claudius , Jungklass Philipp , Csejka David Jacek , Eisenbarth Thomas , Siebert Marco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNew services such as autonomous driving, the connectivity of the traffic infrastructure and the tight coupling of user operated smart devices with the vehicle have significantly increased the demand for cryptographic protection in the automobile. To provide a secure environment for the calculation and verification of cryptographic material, automotive microcontrollers now frequently integrate Hardware Security Modules (HSM), special well-protected co-processors, which are protected against manipulation and external access. HSMs use special hardware accelerators to provide the required cryptographic services. While these accelerators provide good performance, they limit flexibility and updatability. In addition, as more services require cryptographic protection, the amount of key material that needs to be managed by the HSM also increases, turning the limited protected memory of the HSM into a bottleneck. This paper presents a framework that uses the safety mechanisms of a microcontroller to achieve both HSM-equivalent security through software solutions, while providing an equivalent level of functionality. Furthermore, the proposed framework provides crypto-agility, as the security stack can be updated if desired. In order to verify the functionality, the presented framework is implemented and evaluated on an Infineon AURIX TC399 and compared with the integrated HSM.