bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Availability of Breast Milk for Preterm Neonates by Gestational Age during NICU Stay
Authors: Panda Santosh Kumar , Sahoo Kalpita , Jena Pratap Kumar , Dhanawat Avantika 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore the availability of expressed breast milk (EBM) volume for the premature neonates born from mothers in different gestational age groups during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. All preterm infants (extreme-preterm infant [EPTI, <28 weeks], very-preterm infant [VPTI, 28–316/7 weeks], and moderate-preterm infant [MPTI, 32–336/7 weeks]) and their mothers were included in the study. Infants not receiving mother's own milk and neonates deceased or discharged against medical advice, and the mother with illness during postpartum period were excluded from the study. A predesigned tool was used to collect information on maternal characteristics, neonatal characteristics, and milk diary for preterm neonates from the NICU case records. The primary outcome variable EBM volume available on day 7 was compared across three gestational groups. Logistic regression was used to predict EBM availability. A total of 78 preterm neonates, including 10 EPTI, 37 VPTI, and 31 MPTI, had average birth weight of 962.5 ± 228.25, 1,185.1 ± 183.14, and 1,293.2 ± 182.92 g, respectively. Receipt of exclusive breast milk among EPTI, VPTI, and MPTI was 80, 94, and 83.8%, respectively. Maternal characteristics were similar except for the mode of conception (p = 0.001), mode of delivery (p = 0.04), and antenatal steroid exposure (p = 0.02) among three gestational categories. The median (Q1–Q3) volume of EBM on day 7 were 160 (136.3–202.5), 150 (140–187.5), and 160 (150–220) mL for EPTI, VPTI, and MPTI neonates, respectively, without any statistical significance. Regression analysis suggests no effect of gestational age on EBM availability. The feasibility of mother's own milk use for extremely preterm neonates is similar to higher gestational preterm neonates.
Clinical Profiles, Congenital Heart Disease, and Other Comorbidities Among Egyptian Children with Down Syndrome: A Tertiary Center Study
Authors: Amin Radwa Ezzat , Abdel-Meguid Iman Ehsan , El-Refaie Nihal Mohamed , Fakher Walaa , El-Tabie Dina , El-Gindy Hala Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder. It is accompanied by several comorbidities, which could lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most commonly described condition.
Objective This study aimed to determine clinical profiles, dysmorphic features, CHD, and DS associated comorbidities in a tertiary center (Cairo, Egypt).
Patients and Methods This descriptive study included 290 patients diagnosed with DS, who presented to the Clinical Genetics clinic, Cairo University Children Hospitals, from February 2018 to December 2019. The patients' ages ranged from 2 to 4 years old. All patients were evaluated by full history, clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, and assessment of developmental milestones. Patients' diagnostic investigations including karyotype, thyroid function, and echocardiography were checked.
Results The study population consisted of 290 children with DS of which 196 (67.6%) were male, 115 (40%) had CHD, the most prevalent atrial septal defect (ASD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and ventricular septal defect (VSD) accounting for 10.7, 7.1, and 4.2%, respectively. Common dysmorphic features were upward slanting palpebral fissures (98.6%), hypertelorism (97.9%), and sandal gap (60.7%). Thyroid dysfunction was the second prevalent comorbidity, found in 35 patients (12.1%). Global developmental delay was reported affecting language (99%), motor (94.8%), and social (92.8%) domains.
Conclusion The prevalence of CHD among children with DS was 40% with ASD, PDA, and VSD being the commonest. Thyroid dysfunction was the second most common comorbidity. The most prevalent dysmorphic features were upward slanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, and sandal gap. Developmental delay was very common, language being the most affected domain.
Fluid Intake in the First Week of Life and the Duration of Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Mirza Hussnain , Garcia Jorge , Bell Chelsea , Jones Kristen , Flynn Vicki , Pepe Julie , Oh William 
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to determine the association between daily fluid intake and the duration of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA).
Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of extremely preterm infants (<29 weeks) admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Advent Health for Children from January 2013 to March 2016, if hsPDA was diagnosed in first week of life and serial echocardiograms were available. Diagnosis of hsPDA was based on a scoring system and its duration was estimated from serial echocardiograms. Cohort was divided into two groups based on duration of hsPDA (<1week, group A and ≥1 week, group B). Daily fluid intake was categorized as prescribed and actual. Prescribed volume was ordered by clinicians based on birth weight, not including trophic feeds, intravenous (IV) boluses or transfusions, etc. Actual intake was calculated by the electronic medical records based on daily weights and included all enteral or parenteral fluids. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine an association between total daily fluid intake over the first week of life and the duration of hsPDA. Two groups were compared to observe the difference between prescribed and actual daily fluid intakes.
Results We enrolled 50 infants in group A and 76 in group B. Infants in group B were of significantly lower gestation and required prolonged ventilation and hospitalization. An association between higher fluid intake in the first 2 days of life and prolonged duration of hsPDA was confirmed by multivariate analysis. Actual fluid intake was significantly higher than prescribed total fluid intake in first 4 days of life for infants in both groups.
Conclusion In extremely preterm infants, higher fluid intake in first 2 days of life is associated with prolonged duration of hsPDA. Actual daily fluid intake can be significantly higher than prescribed daily fluids due to daily weight changes and additional fluid administration.
Key Points
Waveform feature extraction and signal recovery in single-channel TVEP based on Fitzhugh–Nagumo stochastic resonance
Authors: Chen Ruiquan , Xu Guanghua , Zheng Yang , Yao Pulin , Zhang Sicong , Yan Li , Zhang Kai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective. Transient visual evoked potential (TVEP) can reflect the condition of the visual pathway and has been widely used in brain–computer interface. TVEP signals are typically obtained by averaging the time-locked brain responses across dozens or even hundreds of stimulations, in order to remove different kinds of interferences. However, this procedure increases the time needed to detect the brain status in realistic applications. Meanwhile, long repeated stimuli can vary the evoked potentials and discomfort the subjects. Therefore, a novel unsupervised framework was developed in this study to realize the fast extraction of single-channel TVEP signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Approach. Using the principle of nonlinear aperiodic FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) model, a fast extraction and signal restoration technology of TVEP waveform based on FHN stochastic resonance is proposed to achieve high-quality acquisition of signal features with less average times. Results: A synergistic effect produced by noise, aperiodic signal and nonlinear system can force the energy of noise to be transferred into TVEP and hence amplifying the useful P100 feature while suppressing multi-scale noise. Significance. Compared with the conventional average and average-singular spectrum analysis-independent component analysis(average-SSA-ICA) method, the average-FHN method has a shorter stimulation time which can greatly improve the comfort of patients in clinical TVEP detection and a better performance of TVEP waveform i.e. a higher accuracy of P100 latency. The FHN recovery method is not only highly correlated with the original signal, but also can better highlight the P100 amplitude, which has high clinical application value.
The phase uncertainty from the fringe contrast of interferogram in Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy
Authors: Sun Chen , Feng Yutao , Fu Di , Wang Pengchong , Sun Jian , Bai Qinglan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy is one of the primary techniques for measuring the upper atmospheric wind profile. In this work, the detailed derivation of the analytical expression of phase uncertainty was presented, including two significant parameters, fringe contrast and signal-to-noise ratio. The effectiveness of the re-parameterized analytical expression was proved using the numerical simulations and laboratory experiments, and both results are in good agreement with them from the analytical expression. Therefore, the re-parameterized analytical expression could be used to optimize the interferometer design and evaluating the instrument performance.
Effect of microstructure on low-cycle fatigue property of Ti6321 alloy
Authors: An Fei-Peng , Liu Qian-Li , Jiang Peng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The low-cycle-fatigue behavior of Ti6321 alloy with bimodal and lamellar microstructure have been investigated by analyzing of strain-cycles curve under different stress amplitudes. The results show that under the stress amplitude of 600 MPa, the fatigue life of lamellar microstructure is 6644 times, and the fatigue life of bimodal microstructure is 16252, which is more than twice that of the former. What’s more, two dislocation models of initiation and growth of cracks were demonstrated by analysis of fatigue fracture. The bimodal microstructure have the higher dislocation density and the shorter effective dislocation slip distance, which could hinder the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. The findings of low-cycle-fatigue property can provide data support and theoretical guidence for the safety assessment of titanium alloy pressure structures.
Anti-reflection for monocrystalline silicon from diamond-like carbon films deposited by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Tan Xin , Zhai Hang , Meng Keke , Zhang Zhongyi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films used as anti-reflective coatings for monocrystalline silicon were deposited by magnetron sputtering for potential application in solar cells. The microstructural and optical properties of the films were investigated as a function of substrate temperature over a wide range during deposition. It showed that, when the substrate temperature increased from RT to 800 °C, the hybridized structures of the DLC films accordingly changed associated with a significant variation of refractive index between2.22 and 1.64 at a wavelength of 550 nm. Three types of coating systems, namely single-, three- and five-layer films on monocrystalline silicon substrates, were designed based on the anti-reflection principle and fabricated in terms of the relationships of refractive index and deposition rate with substrate temperature. In particular, a well-designed three-layer film, of which the refractive index gradually changed along the thickness, that is 1.8, 1.9 and 2.0, respectively, was successfully deposited at one step on monocrystalline silicon substrates by adjusting substrate temperature and deposition time, and featured a broadband anti-reflective characteristic with low average reflectivity of 8.7% at a wide solar spectrum of 400–1100 nm. This work demonstrates that the DLC film has a promising application potential as broadband anti-reflective coatings in silicon-based solar cells.
Diverse wMel variants of Wolbachia pipientis differentially rescue fertility and cytological defects of the bag of marbles partial loss of function mutation in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bubnell Jaclyn E , Fernandez-Begne Paula , Ulbing Cynthia K S , Aquadro Charles F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster, the maternally inherited endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis interacts with germline stem cell genes during oogenesis. One such gene, bag of marbles (bam) is the key switch for differentiation and also shows signals of adaptive evolution for protein diversification. These observations have led us to hypothesize that W. pipientis could be driving the adaptive evolution of bam for control of oogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we must understand the specificity of the genetic interaction between bam and W. pipientis. Previously, we documented that the W. pipientis variant, wMel, rescued the fertility of the bamBW hypomorphic mutant as a transheterozygote over a bam null. However, bamBW was generated more than 20 years ago in an uncontrolled genetic background and maintained over a balancer chromosome. Consequently, the chromosome carrying bamBW accumulated mutations that have prevented controlled experiments to further assess the interaction. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to engineer the same single amino acid bam hypomorphic mutation (bamL255F) and a new bam null disruption mutation into the w1118 isogenic background. We assess the fertility of wildtype bam, bamL255F/bamnull hypomorphic, and bamL255F/bamL255F mutant females, each infected individually with 10 W. pipientis wMel variants representing three phylogenetic clades. Overall, we find that all of the W. pipientis variants tested here rescue bam hypomorphic fertility defects with wMelCS-like variants exhibiting the strongest rescue effects. In addition, these variants did not increase wildtype bam female fertility. Therefore, both bam and W. pipientis interact in genotype-specific ways to modulate female fertility, a critical fitness phenotype.
ddRAD Sequencing Sheds Light on Low Interspecific and High Intraspecific mtDNA Divergences in Two Groups of Caddisflies
Authors: Salokannel Juha , Lee Kyung Min , Rinne Aki , Mutanen Marko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Large-scale global efforts on DNA barcoding have repeatedly revealed unexpected patterns of variability in mtDNA, including deep intraspecific divergences and haplotype sharing between species. Understanding the evolutionary causes behind these patterns calls for insights from the nuclear genome. While building a near-complete DNA barcode library of Finnish caddisflies, a case of barcode-sharing and some cases of deep intraspecific divergences were observed. In this study, the Apatania zonella (Zetterstedt, 1840) group and three Limnephilus Leach, 1815 species were studied using double digest RAD sequencing (ddRAD-seq), morphology, and DNA barcoding. The results support the present species boundaries in the A. zonella group species. A morphologically distinct but mitogenetically nondistinct taxon related to parthenogenetic Apatania hispida (Forsslund, 1930) got only weak support for its validity as a distinct species. The morphology and genomic-scale data do not indicate cryptic diversity in any of the three Limnephilus species despite the observed deep intraspecific divergences in DNA barcodes. This demonstrates that polymorphism in mtDNA may not reflect cryptic diversity, but mitonuclear discordance due to other evolutionary causes.
The Phylogeographic Shortfall in Hexapods: A Lot of Leg Work Remaining
Authors: Satler Jordan D , Carstens Bryan C , Garrick Ryan C , Espíndola Anahí 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the 21st century, phylogeography has experienced dramatic growth in the data and methods used by the field. Insect (more generally, hexapod) phylogeography has contributed to major advances and many of the influential papers included hexapods as model systems. In this literature review, we: (i) highlight recent phylogeographic work in hexapod systems, and (ii) identify broader trends and critical future steps in the field. We include a summary of useful methodological approaches and identify the methods used to approach different questions asked in phylogeographic studies. An updated summary of the applications that phylogeography has contributed to the field of entomology, including spatial studies, conservation, systematics, pest control, and invasive species, is included to highlight vital work in the field. Special attention is devoted to investigations which seek to use multi-species data to understand community ecological and evolutionary processes. Finally, we overview the main challenges, opportunities, and emerging areas, highlighting the “phylogeographic shortfall” that exists between the number of described hexapod species vs. the number of species that have been the focus of phylogeographic investigation.
Extremely Endangered Butterflies of Scattered Central European Dry Grasslands Under Current Habitat Alteration
Authors: Sucháčková Bartoňová Alena , Konvička Martin , Marešová Jana , Bláhová Dana , Číp David , Skala Pavel , Andres Miloš , Hula Vladimír , Dolek Matthias , Geyer Adi , Böck Oliver , Kadlec Tomáš , Faltýnek Fric Zdeněk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCentral European dry grasslands represent extrazonal patches of the Eurasian steppe biome. They suffer from severe habitat alterations due to land-use changes, abandonment, or inappropriate management. The butterflies Chazara briseis (Linnaeus, 1764) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Polyommatus damon (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), and Polyommatus dorylas (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), specialized inhabitants of these steppe patches, are all swiftly disappearing from Central Europe. We reviewed data on the recent history of their population retractions in the region, including conservation efforts. Using samples from their whole distribution ranges, we sequenced and analyzed COI and wingless genes and together with Species Distribution Modelling reconstructed their biogeographic histories. Populations of C. briseis expanded over the Eurasian steppe biome, where large ungulates maintained extensive grasslands with short open sward. Polyommatus damon became widespread in the steppes during glacial times, and retracted during interglacials, resembling cold-adapted species. It is limited by too dry weather, and it requires disturbed grassland followed by temporal abandonment. Its present genetic structure was induced by the major Pleistocene Mountain glaciations. Polyommatus dorylas prefers an oceanic climate and populated Central Europe from the Balkans during the Holocene. The species depends on disturbed ground. Currently, all three species inhabit only a few remnant sites in Central Europe, and their populations have been further declining in recent years. Targeted conservation actions, including habitat management at remaining sites, ex situ breeding, and (re)introductions, are being taken in Austria, the Czech Republic, and Germany.
Estimating Migration of Gonioctena quinquepunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Inside a Mountain Range in a Spatially Explicit Context
Authors: Kastally Chedly , Dellicour Simon , Hardy Olivier J , Gilbert Marius , Mardulyn Patrick 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The cold-tolerant leaf beetle Gonioctena quinquepunctata displays a large but fragmented European distribution and is restricted to mountain regions in the southern part of its range. Using a RAD-seq-generated large single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data set (&gt; 10,000 loci), we investigated the geographic distribution of genetic variation within the Vosges mountains (eastern France), where the species is common. To translate this pattern of variation into an estimate of its capacity to disperse, we simulated SNP data under a spatially explicit model of population evolution (essentially a grid overlapping a map, in which each cell is considered a different population) and compared the simulated and real data with an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach. For this purpose, we assessed a new SNP statistic, the DSVSF (distribution of spatial variation in SNP frequencies) that summarizes genetic variation in a spatially explicit context, and compared its usefulness to standard statistics often used in population genetic analyses. A test of our overall strategy was conducted with simulated data and showed that it can provide a good estimate of the level of dispersal of an organism over its geographic range. The results of our analyses suggested that this insect disperses well within the Vosges mountains, much more than was initially expected given the current and probably past fragmentation of its habitat and given the results of previous studies on genetic variation in other mountain leaf beetles.
Crayfish chimneys function as burrow-ventilation structures
Authors: Stoeckel James A , Szoka Mary , Abdelrahman Hisham A , Davis Jeremiah D , Blersch David M , Helms Brian S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Most crayfish species are capable of constructing underground burrows. Burrow construction provides crayfishes the potential to actively engineer microhabitat and optimize local environmental conditions. Little attention, however, has been paid to quantifying the environmental outcomes of burrow morphology. We examined the potential of chimneys to ventilate burrows via wind-assisted buoyancy ventilation. We first conducted proof-of-concept trials in the field using smoke tracers. We then used a wind tunnel to quantify effects of wind velocity, chimney height, burrow orientation, and tunnel angle on model burrow ventilation rates. We developed a predictive model to predict burrow airflow based on endogenous and exogenous factors, and proofed the model with field measurements from a natural burrow. Proof-of-concept trials showed that during breezy conditions (i.e., 8–16 km−h wind gusts), smoke generated near a natural burrow was rapidly drawn into the non-chimney entry, through the burrow, and out the chimney. Wind-tunnel trials revealed significant effects of chimney height and wind velocity on burrow airflow, but no significant effects of burrow orientation towards the prevailing wind direction, nor of the angle of the burrow beneath the chimney. A model developed from wind-tunnel trials predicted air velocities exiting a theoretical chimney that were within 85% of observed velocities exiting natural chimney-burrow complexes. We conclude that crayfish chimneys can serve as passive ventilation systems for crayfish burrows, with chimney height and wind velocity exerting particularly strong effects on airflow. Costs and benefits associated with chimney construction and ventilation are still speculative but should comprise a productive line of research for future studies focused on burrowing crayfish ecology and conservation.