bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicentre survey of retinopathy of prematurity in Indonesia
Authors: Siswanto J Edy , Bos Arend F , Dijk Peter H , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Irawan Gatot , Sulistijono Eko , Sianturi Pertin , Wisnumurti Dewi A , Wilar Rocky , Sauer Pieter J J 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is higher in Indonesia than in high-income countries. In order to reduce the incidence of the disease, a protocol on preventing, screening and treating ROP was published in Indonesia in 2010. To assist the practical implementation of the protocol, meetings were held in all Indonesia regions, calling attention to the high incidence of ROP and the methods to reduce it. In addition, national health insurance was introduced in 2014, making ROP screening and treatment accessible to more infants.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the introduction of both the guideline drawing attention to the high incidence of ROP and national health insurance may have influenced the incidence of the disease in Indonesia.SettingData were collected from 34 hospitals with different levels of care: national referral centres, university-based hospitals, and public and private hospitals.MethodsA survey was administered with questions on admission numbers, mortality rates, ROP incidence, and its stages for 2016–2017 in relation to gestational age and birth weight.ResultsWe identified 12 115 eligible infants with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks. Mortality was 24% and any stage ROP 6.7%. The mortality in infants aged less than 28 weeks was 67%, the incidence of all-stage ROP 18% and severe ROP 4%. In the group aged 28–32 weeks, the mortality was 24%, all-stage ROP 7% and severe ROP 4%–5%. Both mortality and the incidence of ROP were highest in university-based hospitals.ConclusionsIn the 2016–2017 period, the infant mortality rate before 32 weeks of age was higher in Indonesia than in high-income countries, but the incidence of ROP was comparable. This incidence is likely an underestimation due to the high mortality rate. The ROP incidence in 2016–2017 is lower than in surveys conducted before 2015. This decline is likely due to a higher practitioner awareness about ROP and national health insurance implementation in Indonesia.
A stand-alone structured educational programme after myocardial infarction: a randomised study
Authors: Giannopoulos Georgios , Karageorgiou Sofia , Vrachatis Dimitrios , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Kousta Maria S , Lakka Eleni , Giotaki Sotiria , Raisakis Konstantinos , Sianos Georgios , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Cleman Michael , Deftereos Spyridon 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (MI) is a major clinical manifestation of coronary artery disease. Post-MI morbidity and mortality can be reduced by lifestyle changes and aggressive risk factor modification. These changes can be applied more effectively if the patient is actively involved in the process. The hypothesis of this study was that an educational programme in post-MI patients could lead to reduced incidence of cardiovascular events.MethodsPost-MI patients were prospectively randomised into two groups. Patients in the intervention arm were scheduled to attend an 8-week-long educational programme on top of usual treatment, while controls received optimal treatment. The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause death, MI, cerebrovascular event and unscheduled hospitalisation for cardiovascular causes. Endpoint adjudication was blinded.Results329 patients (238 men) were included, with a mean follow-up time of 17±4 months. In the primary analysis, mean primary end point-free survival time was 597 days (95% CI 571 to 624) in controls, compared with 663 days (95% CI 638 to 687) in the intervention group (p<0.001). The HR in the univariate Cox regression analysis was 0.48 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.73; p=0.001). The raw rates of the primary endpoint were 20.8% (6 deaths, 13 MIs, 2 strokes and 14 hospitalisations) vs 36.6% (8 deaths, 22 MIs, 7 strokes and 22 hospitalisations), respectively (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.74; p=0.002).ConclusionThese results suggest that a relatively short adult education programme offered to post-MI patients has beneficial effects, resulting in reduced risk of cardiovascular events.Trial registration numberNCT04007887.
Financial impact of electric scooters: a review of injuries over 27 months at an urban level 1 trauma center (cost of e-scooter injuries at an urban level 1 trauma center)
Authors: Lavoie-Gagne Ophelie , Siow Matthew , Harkin William E , Flores Alec R , Politzer Carey S , Mitchell Brendon C , Girard Paul J , Schwartz Alexandra K , Kent William T 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundElectric scooters (e-scooters) have become a widespread method of transportation due to convenience and affordability. However, the financial impact of medical care for sustained injuries is currently unknown. The purpose of this study is to characterize total billing charges associated with medical care of e-scooter injuries.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with e-scooter injuries presenting to the trauma bay, emergency department or outpatient clinics at an urban level 1 trauma center was conducted from November 2017 to March 2020. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Primary outcomes of interest were total billing charges and billing to insurance (hospital and professional). Multivariable models were used to identify preventable risk factors associated with higher total billing charges.ResultsA total of 63 patients were identified consisting of 42 (66.7%) males, average age 40.19 (SD 13.29) years and 3.2% rate of helmet use. Patients sustained orthopedic (29%, n=18), facial (48%, n=30) and cranial (23%, n=15) injuries. The average total billing charges for e-scooter clinical encounters was $95 710 (SD $138 215). Average billing to insurance was $86 376 (SD $125 438) for hospital charges and $9 334 (SD $14 711) for professional charges. There were no significant differences in charges between injury categories. On multivariable regression, modifiable risk factors independently associated with higher total billing charges included any intoxication prior to injury ($231 377 increase, p=0.02), intracranial bleeds ($75 528, p=0.04) and TBI ($360 898, p=0.006).DiscussionMany patients sustain high-energy injuries during e-scooter accidents with significant medical and financial consequences. Further studies may continue expanding the financial impact of e-scooter injuries on both patients and the healthcare system.Level of evidenceIII
Branching fractions of $$B^-\rightarrow D^-X_{0,1}(2900)$$ and their implications
Authors: Chen Yan-Ke , Han Jia-Jie , Lü Qi-Fang , Wang Jian-Peng , Yu Fu-Sheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe exotic states $$X_{0,1}(2900)$$

X

0
,
1

(
2900
)

with the quark flavor of $$cs\bar{u}\bar{d}$$

c
s

u

¯

d

¯

are recently observed in the mass spectrum of $$D^+K^-$$

D
+

K
-

in $$B^-\rightarrow D^-D^+K^-$$

B
-

→

D
-

D
+

K
-

by the LHCb collaboration. To explore the nature of $$X_{0,1}(2900)$$

X

0
,
1

(
2900
)

, except for analyzing their masses and decay widths as usually did in literatures, the study of their production mechanism in B-meson weak decays would provide another important information. The amplitude of $$B^-\rightarrow D^- X_{0,1}$$

B
-

→

D
-

X

0
,
1

is non-factorizable. We consider the final-state-interaction effects and calculate them via the rescattering mechanism. The measured branching fractions of $$B^-\rightarrow D^- X_{0,1}$$

B
-

→

D
-

X

0
,
1

are revealed. It is manifested by $${B}^-\rightarrow \Lambda _c^-\Xi _c^{(\prime )0}$$

B

-

→

Λ
c
-

Ξ
c

(
′
)
0

and $$\Lambda _b^0\rightarrow P_c^+K^-$$

Λ
b
0

→

P
c
+

K
-

that the rescattering mechanism can result in the relatively large branching fractions. The similar processes of $$B^-\rightarrow \pi ^-X_{0,1}$$

B
-

→

π
-

X

0
,
1

are also analyzed. The isospins of $$X_{0,1}$$

X

0
,
1

can be investigated by $$B\rightarrow DX_{0,1}^{\pm ,0}$$

B
→
D

X

0
,
1

±
,
0

decays.
Genetic Variation in Enhancers Modifies Cardiomyopathy Gene Expression and Progression
Authors: Gacita Anthony M. , Fullenkamp Dominic E. , Ohiri Joyce , Pottinger Tess , Puckelwartz Megan J. , Nobrega Marcelo A. , McNally Elizabeth M. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Inherited cardiomyopathy associates with a range of phenotypes, mediated by genetic and nongenetic factors. Noninherited cardiomyopathy also displays varying progression and outcomes. Expression of cardiomyopathy genes is under the regulatory control of promoters and enhancers, and human genetic variation in promoters and enhancers may contribute to this variability.

Methods:

We superimposed epigenomic profiling from hearts and cardiomyocytes, including promoter-capture chromatin conformation information, to identify enhancers for 2 cardiomyopathy genes,
MYH7
and
LMNA
. Enhancer function was validated in human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. We also conducted a genome-wide search to ascertain genomic variation in enhancers positioned to alter cardiac expression and correlated one of these variants to cardiomyopathy progression using biobank data.

Results:

Multiple enhancers were identified and validated for
LMNA
and
MYH7
, including a key enhancer that regulates the switch from
MYH6
expression to
MYH7
expression. Deletion of this enhancer resulted in a dose-dependent increase in
MYH6
and faster contractile rate in engineered heart tissues. We searched for genomic variation in enhancer sequences across the genome, with a focus on nucleotide changes that create or interrupt transcription factor binding sites. The sequence variant, rs875908, disrupts a T-Box Transcription Factor 5 binding motif and maps to an enhancer region 2 kilobases from the transcriptional start site of
MYH7.
Gene editing to remove the enhancer that harbors this variant markedly reduced
MYH7
expression in human cardiomyocytes. Using biobank-derived data, rs875908 associated with longitudinal echocardiographic features of cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions:
Enhancers regulate cardiomyopathy gene expression, and genomic variation within these enhancer regions associates with cardiomyopathic progression over time. This integrated approach identified noncoding modifiers of cardiomyopathy and is applicable to other cardiac genes.
The Text of Jeremiah: Re-Examining the Evidence from Kings
Authors: Frohlich James , de Waard Henk 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Jeremiah 52 largely parallels 2 Kgs 25, and Jer 40–43 contains various sentences that are also found in 2 Kgs 25:22–26. The present article compares these parallel texts, in order to determine the relationship between the Masoretic text of Jeremiah and the book’s Old Greek translation. It concludes that this relationship is complex, but that the agreements between the Greek text of Jeremiah and the Hebrew text of Kings support the view that the Old Greek of Jeremiah reflects an early Hebrew version of the book.
Adriaan Koerbagh, “An Excellent Mathematician but a Wicked Fellow”
Authors: Lavaert Sonja 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the spirit of the new naturalism, Adriaan Koerbagh defends in Een Ligt schijnende in duystere plaatsen (1668) the freedom to philosophize with a fundamental critique of religion and metaphysics. He links this criticism to the politically radical, anti-hierarchical idea of universal equality and freedom. Moreover, by writing in Dutch, he addresses a broad audience with this explosive mixture of ideas. At the very center of his naturalism is the idea of an indifferent God or nature. He criticizes, unmasks, and translates improper language that is aimed at deception and oppression, and leads to violence. His loanword dictionary Een Bloemhof van allerley lieflijkheyd sonder verdriet (1668) can be seen as the preparatory handwork to this critical project. Koerbagh thereby places himself in the line of the clandestine freethinkers such as Vanini, the anonymous authors of Theophrastus redivivus and De jure ecclesiasticorum, Spinoza, and the clandestine text written ‘in the spirit of Spinoza,’ Traité des trois imposteurs. I will illustrate this genealogical line and thus illuminate the significance of this (politically) subversive thinker for the radical Enlightenment.
Descartes’s Letter to Voetius
Authors: Verbeek Theo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the Letter to Voetius (Epistola ad Voetium, 1643) Descartes defends himself against the attacks on his philosophy by the Utrecht theologian Gisbertus Voetius (1589–1676). Although much of that work is devoted to a discussion of particular questions and accusations, it also contains a few chapters of a more general nature, in which Descartes discusses the social, cultural, and moral dimensions of different types of learning.
The Holocaust of His Discretion
Authors: Clayton Tom 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This essay establishes the significance of the concept of “discretion” to the scope and nature of episcopal power in the early Stuart Church. Examples are drawn from the Church’s constitutional documents and the ecclesiology of Richard Hooker, where “discretion” named a faculty of judgment and the particularly controversial form of autonomous power over adiaphora, or “things indifferent,” proper to the clergy. Turning to the manuscript and print records of a dispute between Bishop of Lincoln John Williams and the Archiepiscopal regime of William Laud, the essay argues that contrasting interpretations of discretion within the Church’s institutional culture characterized divergent approaches to conformity. These differences were established through the metaphors that translated between objects at the edges of episcopal jurisdictions and the concerns closest to the Church’s doctrinal identity. Disputes over these metaphors aggravated constitutional tensions in the years preceding the civil wars.
Proposition de création d’une chaire d’Analyse générale et calcul des probabilités (1946)
Authors: Mandelbrojt Szolem 
Published: January 2021

Resume
Mandelbrojt entend ici promouvoir la création d’un enseignement qui corresponde à l’état des mathématiques du XXe siècle dont il indique la genèse. Il accompagne cet objet d’une attention particulière aux avancées les plus abstraites du calcul des probabilités. La proposition comporte une leçon de philosophie des hautes mathématiques de son temps adressée à un auditoire attentif mais peu spécialisé. Il en résulte une pièce exceptionnelle d’épistémologie des mathématiques.
Mythic Imagination Today
Authors: Marks-Tarlow Terry 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mythic Imagination Today is an illustrated guide to the interpenetration of mythology and science throughout the ages. This publication brings alive our collective need for story to guide the rules, roles, and relationships of everyday life. Whereas mythology is born primarily of perception and imagination, science emerges from systematic observation and experimentation. Both disciplines arise from endless curiosity about the workings of the Universe combined with creative urges to transform inner and outer worlds. Both disciplines are located within open neural wiring that gives rise to uniquely human capacities for learning, memory, and metaphor. Explored are the origins of story within the social brain; mythmakers and myths from multiple cultures; and how contemporary sciences of chaos and complexity theories and fractal geometry dovetail with ancient wisdom. The ancient Greek myth of Psyche and Eros is unpacked in detail—origins of the very concepts of ‘psyche’ and ‘psychology’.
The Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Impact-Based Severe Weather Warning Systems: Perspectives of Weather, Flood, and Emergency Management Personnel
Authors: Potter Sally , Harrison Sara , Kreft Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWarnings about impending hazards help to minimize the impacts and reduce the risk of the hazard through encouraging an appropriate and timely behavioral response. Many hydrometeorological agencies are moving toward impact-based forecast and warning (IBFW) systems, as encouraged by the World Meteorological Organization. Yet little research has been conducted on such systems from the perspectives of agencies who are or would be involved in their implementation. We investigated the challenges and benefits of IBFW systems as perceived by participants from agencies internationally and within New Zealand. Interviews and workshops were held with meteorologists and weather forecasters, flood forecasters and hydrologists, and emergency managers. We found that the benefits of implementing IBFW systems included a perceived increase in the understanding of the potential impacts by the public, added awareness of antecedent conditions by forecasters, a possible reduction in “false alarms,” and increased interagency communication. Challenges identified by the participants included whether the system should be designed for individuals or society, a lack of impact data, verification of warnings based on impacts, a conflict with roles and responsibilities, the potential for conflicting messages, and the increased burden on agencies providing information to forecasters with a perception of little benefit in return. We argue that IBFWs could be designed for individual members of the public, with an increased focus on understanding vulnerability and capacities, and that more impact data need to be collected and stored to inform future warnings. Increased interagency coordination would assist with rapid decision-making and the success of IBFWs.
Incarceration among adults living with psychosis in Indigenous populations in Cape York and the Torres Strait
Authors: Charlson Fiona , Gynther Bruce , Obrecht Karin , Heffernan Ed , David Michael , Young Jesse T , Hunter Ernest 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The relationship between psychosis and contact with the criminal justice system for Indigenous people living in rural and remote areas is not well understood. In this study, the authors examine patterns of incarceration among Indigenous people living with psychosis in Cape York and the Torres Strait over two decades. Methods: Data were collated from a clinical database of complete psychiatric records from 1992 to 2015, extracted for all Indigenous patients with a psychotic disorder from the Remote Area Mental Health Service, and linked to the Queensland Corrections Service database. Descriptive statistics were calculated to compare characteristics between those incarcerated and those not incarcerated during the study period and to quantify patterns of incarceration including types of offences, time spent in custody and frequency of incarceration. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess associations between reported variables and ‘first incarceration’. Results: Forty-five percent of Aboriginal patients ( n = 116) were incarcerated compared with 31% of Torres Strait Islanders ( n = 41) ( p = 0.008), and the proportion of males incarcerated (51%, n = 141) was approximately twice that of females (24%, n = 35; p = 0.001). A cluster of first incarcerations were observed in close time proximity to diagnosis of psychosis. Individuals who had a history of both alcohol and cannabis use had approximately two times higher risk of being incarcerated following positive diagnosis compared to those without a history of substance use (hazard ratio = 1.85; 95% confidence interval: [1.08, 3.17]; p = 0.028). Males accounted for approximately 85% ( n = 328) of sentences. The most common most serious offence was causing physical harm to others (assault – n = 122, 31%). Conclusion: Our study found that for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with a psychotic disorder in North Queensland, criminal justice responses with resultant incarceration occurs frequently. Access to appropriate mental health services and diversion options for Indigenous Australians with psychosis should be a key public health and justice priority.
Validation of the responding to urgency of need in palliative care (RUN-PC) triage tool
Authors: Russell Bethany , Philip Jennifer , Wawryk Olivia , Vogrin Sara , Burchell Jodie , Collins Anna , Le Brian , Brand Caroline , Hudson Peter , Sundararajan Vijaya 
Published: January 2021

Background: The Responding to Urgency of Need in Palliative Care (RUN-PC) Triage Tool is a novel, evidence-based tool by which specialist palliative care services can manage waiting lists and workflow by prioritising access to care for those patients with the most pressing needs in an equitable, efficient and transparent manner. Aim: This study aimed to establish the intra- and inter-rater reliability, and convergent validity of the RUN-PC Triage Tool and generate recommended response times. Design: An online survey of palliative care intake officers applying the RUN-PC Triage Tool to a series of 49 real clinical vignettes was assessed against a reference standard: a postal survey of expert palliative care clinicians ranking the same vignettes in order of urgency. Setting/Participants: Intake officers ( n = 28) with a minimum of 2 years palliative care experience and expert clinicians ( n = 32) with a minimum of 10 years palliative care experience were recruited from inpatient, hospital consultation and community palliative care services across metropolitan and regional Victoria, Australia. Results: The RUN-PC Triage Tool has good intra- and inter-rater reliability in inpatient, hospital consultation and community palliative care settings (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ranged from 0.61 to 0.74), and moderate to good correlation to expert opinion used as a reference standard (Kendall’s Tau rank correlation coefficients ranged from 0.68 to 0.83). Conclusion: The RUN-PC Triage Tool appears to be a reliable and valid tool for the prioritisation of patients referred to specialist inpatient, hospital consultation and community palliative care services.
Improving the Care of Patients With Serious Illness: What Are the Palliative Care Education Needs of Internal Medicine Residents?
Authors: Frydman Julia L. , Hauck Kevin , Lowy Joseph , Gelfman Laura P. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Hospitalized patients with serious illness have significant symptom burden and face complex medical decisions that often require goals of care discussions. Given the shortage of specialty palliative care providers, there is a pressing need to improve the palliative care skills of internal medicine (IM) residents, who have a central role in the care of seriously ill patients hospitalized at academic medical centers. Methods: We conducted an anonymous survey of IM residents at a large, urban, academic medical center to identify which aspects of palliative care trainees find most important and their knowledge gaps in palliative care. The survey measured trainees’ self-assessed degree of importance and knowledge of core palliative care skills and evaluated frequency of completing advance care planning documentation. Results: Overall, 51 (23%) IM residents completed the survey. The majority of trainees considered multiple palliative care skills to be “very important/important”: symptom management, prognostication, introducing the palliative care approach, discussing code status, and breaking serious news. Across these same skills, trainees reported variable levels of knowledge. In our sample, trainees reported completing healthcare proxy forms and Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment infrequently. Conclusions: IM trainees rated core palliative care skills as important to their practice. Yet, they reported knowledge gaps across multiple core palliative care skills that should be addressed given their role as frontline providers for patients with serious illness.