bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Feature Ambiguity Mitigate Operator model helps improve bone fracture detection on X-ray radiograph
Authors: Wu Hui-Zhao , Yan Li-Feng , Liu Xiao-Qing , Yu Yi-Zhou , Geng Zuo-Jun , Wu Wen-Juan , Han Chun-Qing , Guo Yong-Qin , Gao Bu-Lang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study was performed to propose a method, the Feature Ambiguity Mitigate Operator (FAMO) model, to mitigate feature ambiguity in bone fracture detection on radiographs of various body parts. A total of 9040 radiographic studies were extracted. These images were classified into several body part types including 1651 hand, 1302 wrist, 406 elbow, 696 shoulder, 1580 pelvic, 948 knee, 1180 ankle, and 1277 foot images. Instance segmentation was annotated by radiologists. The ResNext-101+FPN was employed as the baseline network structure and the FAMO model for processing. The proposed FAMO model and other ablative models were tested on a test set of 20% total radiographs in a balanced body part distribution. To the per-fracture extent, an AP (average precision) analysis was performed. For per-image and per-case, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) were analyzed. At the per-fracture level, the controlled experiment set the baseline AP to 76.8% (95% CI: 76.1%, 77.4%), and the major experiment using FAMO as a preprocessor improved the AP to 77.4% (95% CI: 76.6%, 78.2%). At the per-image level, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 61.9% (95% CI: 58.7%, 65.0%), 91.5% (95% CI: 89.5%, 93.3%), and 74.9% (95% CI: 74.1%, 75.7%), respectively, for the controlled experiment, and 64.5% (95% CI: 61.3%, 67.5%), 92.9% (95% CI: 91.0%, 94.5%), and 77.5% (95% CI: 76.5%, 78.5%), respectively, for the experiment with FAMO. At the per-case level, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 74.9% (95% CI: 70.6%, 78.7%), 91.7%% (95% CI: 88.8%, 93.9%), and 85.7% (95% CI: 84.8%, 86.5%), respectively, for the controlled experiment, and 77.5% (95% CI: 73.3%, 81.1%), 93.4% (95% CI: 90.7%, 95.4%), and 86.5% (95% CI: 85.6%, 87.4%), respectively, for the experiment with FAMO. In conclusion, in bone fracture detection, FAMO is an effective preprocessor to enhance model performance by mitigating feature ambiguity in the network.
Changes in acoustic cardiographic parameters before and after hemodialysis are associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Chung Tung-Ling , Liu Yi-Hsueh , Huang Jiun-Chi , Wu Pei-Yu , Chen Szu-Chia , Chang Jer-Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcoustic cardiography can provide simultaneous electrocardiography and acoustic cardiac data to assess the electronic and mechanical heart functions. The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in acoustic cardiographic parameters (ACPs) before and after hemodialysis (HD) are associated with overall and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in HD patients. A total of 162 HD patients was enrolled and ACPs were measured before and after HD, including left ventricular systolic time (LVST), systolic dysfunction index (SDI), third (S3) and fourth (S4) heart sounds, and electromechanical activation time (EMAT). During a follow-up of 2.9 years, 25 deaths occurred with 16 from CV causes. Multivariate analysis showed that high △SDI (per 1; hazard ratio [HR], 2.178; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.189–3.990), high △EMAT (per 1%; HR, 2.218; 95% CI 1.382–3.559), and low △LVST (per 1 ms; HR, 0.947; 95% CI 0.912–0.984) were independently associated with increased overall mortality. In addition, high △EMAT (per 1%; HR, 2.141; 95% CI 1.117–4.102), and low △LVST (per 1 ms; HR, 0.777; 95% CI 0.637–0.949) were associated with increased CV mortality. In conclusion, the changes in ACPs before and after HD may be a useful clinical marker and stronger prognostic marker of overall and CV mortality than ACPs before HD.
Thioflavin-positive tau aggregates complicating quantification of amyloid plaques in the brain of 5XFAD transgenic mouse model
Authors: Shin Jisu , Park Sohui , Lee HeeYang , Kim YoungSoo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTransgenic mouse models recapitulating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology are pivotal in molecular studies and drug evaluation. In transgenic models selectively expressing amyloid-β (Aβ), thioflavin S (ThS), a fluorescent dye with β-sheet binding properties, is widely employed to observe amyloid plaque accumulation. In this study, we investigated the possibility that a commonly used Aβ-expressing AD model mouse, 5XFAD, generates ThS-positive aggregates of β-sheet structures in addition to Aβ fibrils. To test this hypothesis, brain sections of male and female 5XFAD mice were double-stained with ThS and monoclonal antibodies against Aβ, tau, or α-synuclein, all of which aggregates are detected by ThS. Our results revealed that, in addition to amyloid plaques, 5XFAD mice express ThS-positive phospho-tau (p-tau) aggregates. Upon administration of a small molecule that exclusively disaggregates Aβ to 5XFAD mice for six weeks, we found that the reduction level of plaques was smaller in brain sections stained by ThS compared to an anti-Aβ antibody. Our findings implicate that the use of ThS complicates the quantification of amyloid plaques and the assessment of Aβ-targeting drugs in 5XFAD mice.
Characteristics and emergency mitigation of the 2018 Laochang landslide in Tianquan County, Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Song Danqing , Dong Lihu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a recent landslide event, which occurred at Liucheng village in Tianquan County, Sichuan Province, China, on July 15, 2018. The Laochang landslide described in this research is an outstanding and valuable reference for understanding the characteristics of such kind of landslides that are geologically similar to the landslide. The deformation characteristics of the landslide are investigated based on field investigations, drilled boreholes, and exploratory trenches. The 225 residents of 64 households living on the flat platform were threatened by the landslide. Therefore, to guarantee the safety of human life and property becomes the primary emergency task. The anti-sliding piles were taken to stabilize the landslide and mitigate impacts caused by the landslide. Based on the analysis of the monitoring data, the effectiveness of anti-sliding piles is evaluated. The results indicate that the anti-sliding piles are effective in increasing the stability of the landslide, and this work can provide a reference for similar slope engineering projects.
Entanglement of two Jaynes–Cummings atoms in single-excitation space
Authors: Yang Ya , Liu Yan , Lu Jing , Zhou Lan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the entanglement dynamics of two atoms coupled to their own Jaynes–Cummings cavities in single-excitation space. Here, we use concurrence to measure atomic entanglement, and consider the Bell-like states to be initial states. Our analysis suggests that collapse and revival take place in entanglement dynamics. The physical mechanism behind entanglement dynamics is periodic information and energy exchange between atoms and light fields. For the initial Bell-like states, evolutionary periodicity of the atomic entanglement can only be found if the ratio of the two atom–cavity coupling strengths is a rational number. Also, whether there is a time translation between two kinds of initial Bell-like state depends on odd versus even numbers of the coupling-strength ratio.
How machine learning conquers the unitary limit
Authors: Kaspschak Bastian , Meißner Ulf-G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Machine learning has become a premier tool in physics and other fields of science. It has been shown that the quantum mechanical scattering problem cannot only be solved with such techniques, but it was argued that the underlying neural network develops the Born series for shallow potentials. However, classical machine learning algorithms fail in the unitary limit of an infinite scattering length. The unitary limit plays an important role in our understanding of bound strongly interacting fermionic systems and can be realized in cold atom experiments. Here, we develop a formalism that explains the unitary limit in terms of what we define as unitary limit surfaces. This not only allows to investigate the unitary limit geometrically in potential space, but also provides a numerically simple approach towards unnaturally large scattering lengths with standard multilayer perceptrons. Its scope is therefore not limited to applications in nuclear and atomic physics, but includes all systems that exhibit an unnaturally large scale.
Bioprinting 3D human cardiac tissue chips using the pin type printer ‘microscopic painting device’ and analysis for cardiotoxicity
Authors: Chikae Shohei , Kubota Akifumi , Nakamura Haruka , Oda Atsushi , Yamanaka Akihiro , Akagi Takami , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, three-dimensional (3D) cardiac tissue constructed using the pin type bioprinter ‘microscopic painting device’ and layer-by-layer cell coating technique was confirmed to have drug responsiveness by three different analytical methods for cardiotoxicity assay. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on biofabrication to create biomimetic 3D tissue. Although various tissues can be produced in vitro, there are many issues surrounding the stability and reproducibility of the preparation of 3D tissues. Thus, although many bioprinters have been developed, none can efficiently, reproducibly and precisely produce small 3D tissues (μm-mm order) such as spheroids, which are most commonly used in drug development. The 3D cardiac tissue chips were successfully constructed with a similar number of cells as conventional 2D tissue using a pin type bioprinter, and corresponding drug-induced cardiotoxicities were obtained with known compounds that induce cardiotoxicity. The 3D cardiac tissue chips displayed uniform cell density and completely synchronized electrophysiological properties as compared to 2D tissue. The 3D tissues constructed using a pin type bioprinter as a biofabrication device would be promising tools for cardiotoxicity assay as they are capable of obtaining stable and reproducible data, which cannot be obtained by 2D tissue.
Two- and three-body effective potentials between impurities in ideal BEC
Authors: Panochko G. , Pastukhov V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We exactly calculate the full temperature dependence of Casimir-like forces appearing between two and three static impurities loaded in the ideal Bose gas below the Bose–Einstein condensation transition point. Assuming the short-ranged character of the boson-impurity interaction, the calculation procedure presented here can be easily extended on a Bose system with an arbitrary number of impurities immersed.
Effect of boiling and water storage practices on E. coli contamination of drinking water in the city of Bekasi (case study: Jatiluhur, Sumur Batu, and Jatirangga Villages)
Authors: Imtiyaz I , Putri G L , Hartono D M , Zulkarnain F , Priadi C R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the city of Bekasi, a large proportion of the population uses groundwater and is at risk of Escherichia coli contamination. Water can remain contaminated by E. coli even after treatment, and it may be recontaminated through storage practices. This research aims to analyze the effect of boiling and the correlation of water storage practices to E. coli contamination in the drinking water of households in the villages of Jatiluhur, Sumur Batu, and Jatirangga. Among 54 randomly surveyed households, 98.1% boiled their water before drinking. The results show that 67% showed decreased E. coli after boiling. Boiled water with a low risk of E. coli made up 64.8% of the samples, a medium risk made up 25.9%, a high risk made up 7.4%, and a very high risk made up 1.9%. Observation of water storage practices showed that 51% of households store water in a jug after treatment, and 35.3% store it in a kettle or pot. Residents used a container equipped with a lid 94.1% of the time. The statistical analysis revealed no correlation between water storage practices and E. coli contamination in drinking water. Boiling water can be a fairly effective way to decrease E. coli contamination; however, other factors that can recontaminate water, such as storage hygiene and hand washing, require attention in future studies.
In search of Mr Baptiste: on early Caribbean music, race, and a colonial composer
Authors: Lingold Mary Caton 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mr Baptiste was a musician living in late 17th-century Jamaica who composed music portraying African traditions as they were performed by enslaved musicians on the island. This article argues that Baptiste was probably a free person of colour and perhaps one of the earliest-known Black American composers to have published Western notation. His music was printed in Hans Sloane’s 1707 travelogue and natural history of Jamaica. The article also addresses broader issues concerning the underrepresentation of marginalized performers in colonial music histories, with special attention to musical life in the early modern Caribbean.
Florian Sawiczewski (1797–1876), founder of the pharmacognostic collection in Kraków
Authors: Makowska-Wąs Justyna , Rzepiela Agnieszka , Podolak Irma 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The historical collections of the Department of Pharmacognosy in the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków hold a variety of educational and research specimens. The most valuable are those from the nineteenth-century Pharmacognostic Cabinet collection, founded by the professor of pharmacy and chemistry Florian Sawiczewski. This paper presents a review of Sawiczewski’s progress from practising in his father’s pharmacy to his appointment as university rector. It also provides some historical background for the establishment of the first Polish chair of pharmacy and materia medica in 1783 and describes the formation of the Pharmacognostic Cabinet in the years 1835–57.
On the Making of the German ‘Refugee Crisis’: Securitizing Muslim Immigrants in 2015 and Beyond
Authors: Beck Martin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper contributes to solving the following research puzzle: When the influx of refugees from Syria and elsewhere to Germany significantly increased, German society and politics seemed to be rather robust in the face of xenophobic and right-wing populist movements; however, only 2years later, the Alternative fűr Deutschland made it into the Bundestag, and in late 2018 Chancellor Angela Merkel could solve a governmental crisis triggered by the 'refugee crisis' only by announcing her stepwise withdrawal from political offices. The making of the 'refugee crisis' was facilitated by a securitization policy. On three crucial cases of domestic politics — security, socio-economics, and socio-cultural politics — it is shown that right-wing populism proved to be capable of dominating the political agenda as it came up with argumentation figures that were — though not hegemonic — also prominent among leading politicians on the whole political spectrum in Germany from the right to the left.
Transarticular Fixation Following Mobilization of “High-Riding” Vertebral Artery
Authors: Goel Atul , Prasad Apurva , Shah Abhidha , Sasane Sumeet , Hawaldar Akshay , Biswas Chandrima , Thomas Antony 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
The article identifies the feasibility of transarticular screw fixation after mobilizing the vertebral artery in cases where it is in a “high-riding” location.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 42-yr-old male patient had a 4-yr history of progressive quadriparesis. Investigations revealed severe basilar invagination. There was assimilation of atlas and C2-3 fusion. The vertebral artery was “high-riding” into the pedicle-facet of C2 vertebra on both sides. Vertebral artery loop was exposed and mobilized inferiorly on both sides after careful drilling of pedicular bone on the posterior aspect of the dome of the artery. C2 facetal bone on the anterior face of the vertebral artery dome was now available for screw insertion. The C1-2 facets and the articulation were directly in line, making transarticular screw fixation relatively straightforward. The wide bone space available permitted insertion of 2 screws in a transarticular fashion on both sides. The patient had satisfactory clinical improvement. Imaging after 22 mo showed bone fusion across the facets.

CONCLUSION:
Mobilization of the high-riding vertebral artery loop can help salvage the surgical procedure of lateral mass stabilization.
Local Government in Japan
Authors: Hijino Ken Victor Leonard 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To understand the complex dynamics and role of local government in Japan’s democracy, three related questions need to be addressed. First, how much capacity and autonomy do local governments have to act? Second, what impact does local government have on national-level elections and policies? And finally, how responsive and accountable are local governments to residents? This chapter will seek to address these questions by first laying out the institutional framework of Japan’s local government system, including its recent decentralization reforms. In the second section, it illustrates how these institutional features combine with underlying socioeconomic conditions to shape local representation and intergovernmental relations. In the third section, it briefly considers two interlinked and key challenges facing local government: combatting depopulation and improving representation. The chapter finds that Japanese local government is significant in scale and indispensable to the administration of the Japanese state; decentralization reforms have further expanded local responsibilities while minimizing interventions from the central government; local governments continue to have a significant impact on the national arena, both electorally and policy-wise; local policy innovations in a wide range of areas have been co-opted nationally, while local lobbying and opposition pressures have induced central governments to respond to local interests; aside from some exceptional periods and limited regions, local government representation has not been driven by partisan or programmatic competition; and, more recently, local voters are demanding more of their representatives who have lost their clientelist role as communities face increasingly competitive environments, fiscal constraints, and pressures to innovate.
Civil Society in Japan
Authors: Ogawa Akihiro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses civil society in contemporary Japan, shedding light on two major actors—NPOs and social movements. Since the launch of the first NPO (nonprofit organization) in 1998, the number has increased dramatically. The analysis focuses on co-production, a policy collaboration technique between NPOs and the Japanese government under the framework of New Public Governance. Social movements are also examined, focusing on anti-nuclear activism—one of the most consistent activisms in Japan, which has been reignited since the nuclear disaster of March 11, 2011. In particular, this chapter presents a brief reflective account of the No Nukes Asia Forum, a pan-Asian transnational activism that originated in Japan.
The Troubled Course of Secularism in the Modern Middle East
Authors: Salem Paul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the troubled evolution of secularism in the modern Middle East, focusing mainly on the Arab world but subsuming elements of the Turkish, Iranian, and Israeli experiences. It looks at secularism as a purposeful ideology and movement but also at secularization as a sociohistorical process that accompanied modernization, urbanization, and the consolidation of Middle Eastern states. The chapter describes a period of secularizing activism that can be seen among many Middle Eastern states from the end of the First World War through the 1960s, then describes a period of secularist retreat and the resurgence of Islamism from the late 1970s to the 2010s. The present moment is one of uncertainty, in which Islamism has lost its luster in many contexts, but secularism also is not part of a well-articulated or compelling vision of the future.
International Law and Peaceful Change
Authors: Welsh Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues for and adopts a constructivist perspective on international law as closely interrelated with international politics and as having regulative, constitutive, and permissive effects. It begins by illustrating how rules that have the status of law are not simply functional solutions to dilemmas of cooperation among states, but also expressions of prevailing conceptions of legitimate action and key resources for practices of justification and legitimation. The chapter then examines law’s role in effecting change—both in the practices and patterns of relations among the key units of the international system (sovereign states) through the law prohibiting the use of force, and in the number of those units over time through the law relating to state recognition. The chapter shows that while international law has made significant contributions to peaceful change—particularly through the gradual delegitimization of wars of conquest and territorial aggrandizement—its understanding of self-determination and its stance toward civil conflict have also helped to preserve a system of states that assumes both the political and territorial legitimacy of sovereign units. In short, international law can also be a force for peaceful, and not so peaceful, continuity.
Deuteronomy in African American Christianity
Authors: Reid Stephen Breck 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Africans in America have been interpreting Deuteronomy since kidnapped Africans first reached Jamestown in 1619. This chapter recovers precritical or pastoral interpretations of Deuteronomy by people from Africa and the African diaspora. This interpretation of their freedom narratives explores the language of Deuteronomy. Already in the 1990s, black theology understood the importance of these once-named “slave narratives” and precritical biblical interpretation and theology, but now even mainstream biblical criticism recognizes their importance. The use of Deuteronomy in the Harlem Renaissance by Zora Neale Hurston and in the civil rights movement by Martin Luther King Jr. picks up more on its narrative plot rather than its poetics. Recent readings by Harold V. Bennett and my own work focus on the historical and close reading of the Hebrew text.
Pan-Grave and Medjay
Authors: Liszka Kate , De Souza Aaron 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For almost a century, many scholars have assumed that the Medjay of the Egyptian textual record can be directly associated with the Pan-Grave archaeological culture. In this article, the authors deconstruct this connection and consider the extent to which the archaeological and textual evidence can be reconciled based on geography and cultural circumstances. Both groups shared pastoral nomadic roots linked to the Eastern Desert, both went through similar processes of acculturation, and both groups had some of their members fight as mercenaries during the wars of the Second Intermediate Period. However, the evidence from the Nile Valley and Eastern Desert of Egypt and Nubia demonstrates that a direct connection between the Pan-Grave culture and the Medjay cannot be supported.