bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rain Drop Size Distribution Analysis at a Tropical Location Near Land-sea Boundary
Authors: Saha Pallabi , Majumder Souvik , Maitra Animesh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rain events can be characterized by rain drop size distribution (DSD) that denotes the number of drops as a function of diameter per unit size interval and per unit volume of space. DSD describes the microstructure of precipitation during different phases of rain varying both spatially and temporally. DSD can be influenced by the nature and origin of rain. The present study investigates the role of continental and maritime airflow in influencing the precipitation features near the land-sea boundary. Rain DSD data used in the present analysis are collected from a ground based disdrometer located at Kolkata, India during the year of 2011-2017. The dataset is divided into two categories namely, maritime and continental rainfall, based on the airflow trajectories associated with rainfall, respectively, from Bay of Bengal and from land surface in the west of Kolkata, as derived from TRAJSTAT software. Variations of the DSD parameters using Gamma model is presented showing the abundance of smaller drops during maritime rain events whereas dominance of larger raindrops in the case of the continental rain events. The Z-R relations are also found to be significantly different for these two types of rain. The present study reveals the microstructures of rain at a location where the influences of both land and sea climatic features prevail.
A Retrospective Study of Nine Patients with Progressive Pseudorheumatoid Dysplasia: To Explore Early Diagnosis and Further Treatment
Authors: Yin Lei , Mao Youying , Zhou Yunfang , shen Yongnian , Chen Huijin , Zhou Wei , Jin Yanliang , Huang Hua , Yu Yongguo , Wang Jian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Most patients with progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD) are initially misdiagnosed because of disease rarity and lack of awareness by most clinicians. The purpose of this present study was to provide further early diagnostic options and potential treatment to patients with PPRD. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, radiographic features, Sanger Sequencing to determine CCN6 gene variants, treatment and follow-up records were collected in the patients with PPRD. Time to diagnosis, phenotype and genotype correlation were analyzed. Results: Nine PPRD children were included. There were 3 pairs of siblings and one patient had parental consanguinity. Five patients were misdiagnosed as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The onset of disease in 8 patients was between 3 to 6 years of age. The interval from onset of symptoms to obtaining the diagnosis for 8 of the patients varied from 3.6 years to 20 years. The onset of symptoms included enlarged and stiff interphalangeal joints of the fingers, gait disturbance or joint pain. Laboratory tests revealed normal range of inflammatory parameters. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in six patients were below the normal range. Radiographic findings included different degree of abnormal vertebral bodies, epiphyseal enlargement of the interphalangeal joints with juxta-articular osteopenia, or cyst-like structures femoral head. All the patients harbored CCN6 variants, and a total of 7 variants were identified. After the treatment of calcitriol in 5 patients with low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 for 1.25 years to 1.75 years, two of them kept stable, while 3 of them improved gradually. Conclusions: Combining the patient’s family history, clinical features presenting with abnormal gait or enlarged and stiff interphalangeal joints of the fingers, normal inflammatory markers, and the characteristic radiographic findings, we can obtain the clinical diagnosis of PPRD for the patients at a very early stage of the disease. Anterior blunt of the vertebral bodies could be an early radiological sign in the patient even without obvious clinical symptoms and characteristics yet. The patients with PPRD having c.624dupA variant in CCN6 may have delayed onset. Underlying vitamin D deficiency should be sought and corrected in patients with PPRD. Keywords: progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia; noninflammatory; articular cartilage; CCN6 gene variant; vitamin D deficiency
Huashan Perioperative Nursing Program for Stroke Patients Undergoing Contralateral Seventh Cervical Nerve Transfer
Authors: Su Fan , Wang Xiaoqian , Xu Ye , Zhou Yiqun , Xu Wendong , Zhang Jinyao , Liu Ying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The previous investigation regarding contralateral seventh cervical nerve transfer (CC7) revealed a novel and effective approach to improve arm function in patients with chronic spastic paralysis. The patients who underwent both CC7 and standard rehabilitation showed greater functional improvements and spasticity reductions than did the control group who underwent rehabilitation only. Additional efforts are needed to maximize the benefits in patients and establishing a supporting nursing program is a promising way of achieving this goal.Methods: The present Huashan nursing program was established in consideration of the following elements, that were the routine perioperative care, ensuring surgical safety and improving patient cooperation. Before surgery, psychiatric nursing, health education and risk control were stressed. After surgery, in addition to routine nursing and positioning, special attention was needed for the targeted nursing of postoperative adverse events. In addition, we performed descriptive statistical analysis on the clinical data of patients receiving the Huashan nursing program, focusing on postoperative adverse events. Totally 85 patients were included in the study, and postoperative adverse events occurred in 10 patients, including severe pain (5, 5.88%), neck hematoma (2, 2.35%), dyspnea (2, 2.35%) and hoarseness (1, 1.18%). The above adverse events were alleviated under the targeted nursing guided by the Huashan program.Discussion: This article introduces the Huashan nursing program, which is based on preoperative evaluations, educational sessions, postoperative monitoring and targeted nursing, for patients undergoing CC7. The present nursing program helped the promotion and provided the opportunity to maximize the benefits of CC7.
Malignant Hyperthermia When Dantrolene Is Not Readily Available
Authors: Gong Xiaodan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Malignant hyperthermia is a rare but life-threatening pharmacogenetic muscle disorder characterized by abnormal hypermetabolic reactions and commonly triggered in susceptible individuals by volatile anesthetics or succinylcholine, or both. Unfortunately, the specific medicine dantrolene is not readily available in many countries including China. The aim of this study was to find the characteristics of malignant hyperthermia under the situation that dantrolene is not readily available. Methods: The cases of malignant hyperthermia reported on the most commonly used databases in China from 1985 to 2020 were analyzed. The inclusion criteria were the MH episodes only related to anesthesia. The exclusion criteria were dubious MH episodes only caused by Ketamine administration or MH episodes irrelevant to anesthesia. Independent samples t-test and Pearson’s chi-squared test were applied to assess the difference between the survived and death cases.Results: Ninety-two cases of malignant hyperthermia reported on the most commonly used databases in China from 1985 to 2020 were analyzed. Median (IQR [range]) age was 18.5 (11.8-37.0 [0-70.0 ]) years. Compared with the survived cases, the death cases had higher maximum end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (P=0.033), the maximum arterial partial pressure of CO2 (P=0.006), temperature first measured when the patient was first discovered abnormal (P=0.012), and maximum temperature (P<0.001). Besides, the death cases had less minimum pH (P<0.001) and higher potassium (P<0.001) and were more likely to have coagulation disorders (p=0.018). Concerning treatment, cases used furosemide (P=0.024), mannitol (P=0.029), blood purification treatment (P=0.017) had the advantage on the outcome. Creatine phosphokinase, myoglobin, and MB isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase differed greatly among cases during the first week. 43 (46.7%) cases had congenital diseases. 12 (13.0%) cases were reported with abnormal laboratory test results or abnormal signs that are possibly relevant before anesthesia. Conclusions: In countries that dantrolene is not readily available, early warning, diagnosis, and prompt effective therapies are crucial for MH patients to survive.
Stage-dependent Plasticity in Biomass Allocation and Allometry of Abutilon Theophrasti in Response to Population Density&nbsp;
Authors: Wang Shu , Zhou Dao-Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
How plants respond to density via modular plasticity is obscure, probably because relevant studies using covariance and allometry analyses rarely focus on multiple stages of plant growth, and also the two approaches are seldom used simultaneously in a same study. To address this issue, a field experiment was conducted by subjecting plants of Abutilon theophrasti to low, medium and high densities and measuring the mass of various plant modules, before covariance and allometry analyses at three stages of plant growth. Results showed inconsistent responses in allocation traits and allometric relationships at each growth stage. At 30 d, high density increased root:stem, root:leaf and stem:leaf ratios, but did not affect any allometric relationships. At 50 d, density altered most allocation traits, but not for allometric exponents. At 70 d, density altered allometric relationships, with no effects on allocation traits. The stage-dependent allometric relationships and inconsistent results of allometric and covariance analyses suggested one-stage allometric plasticity might be apparent plasticity. In response to the increase of density, plants first altered the strategy of biomass partitioning, then growth rate or developmental stage, indicating density effects intensified over time. For plasticity in a modular trait, size effects can be regarded as a component of (indirect) environmental effects, with the left variation after removal of size effects being the other component of plant (direct) active response. The insights into apparent plasticity of allometry and two components of plasticity should be of essential importance to investigating phenotypic plasticity and its implications in plants.
Rapid, risk-based levee design framework for greater risk reduction at lower cost than standards-based design
Authors: Johnson David , Wang Jingya , Geldner Nathan , Zehr Andrew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Standards-based levee design aims to protect against events with specific probabilities, for example eliminating overtopping from a “1-in-100-year” storm surge. This allows levee segments to be analyzed independently but ignores interior dynamics and overall risk. We present and implement a framework for calculating optimal risk-informed design heights. Using this design paradigm and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, we identify levee and floodwall design heights that minimize the total system cost and expected flood losses over 50 years. With our model, decision makers may feasibly evaluate hundreds or thousands of alternative designs. Comparing to the existing design elevations of the Larose to Golden Meadow Hurricane Protection Project in coastal Louisiana, over multiple climate change scenarios, we identify system configurations of similar cost that reduce the expected value of discounted residual risk of 26–73% ($8–85 million). We also achieve the same residual risk at 90–97% of the cost of the existing system (saving $19–73 million).
Voices of a generation
Authors: Eide Elisabeth , Kunelius Risto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this article, we look at the most recent high tide of the climate crisis attention from the perspective of the school strikers’ movement. It is based on interviews with 31 young climate activists from 23 countries around the world, made possible by the work of several colleagues in MediaClimate –network (mediaclimate.net), a group of researchers who have studied global climate media coverage/debates since 2008. The interviews followed a semi-structured guideline, prompting respondents to discuss how their activism started, their role in the local movement, the nature of movement organization and their relations to other institutions and actors (NGOs, media, politicians). This diverse sample of dialogues with activists in a wide variety of global political and cultural contexts cultures, languages and local conditions collectively produced a vast discursive material. In our analysis, we first look at the specific way science and interaction with scientists is part of the youths’ action horizon, combining this to the ways in which they relate their life experiences to climate science. Second, we will situate this specific science-activism analysis to a brief overview of the nature (or inner logic) of the school movement and the identity of the activists. Through these two empirical excursions, we harvest some lessons about communicating climate science suggested by the youth movement.
Spinal Mobility in Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: Criterion Concurrent Validity of Classic and Novel Measurements
Authors: Snow John Charles , Simpson Kyle , Rahman Proton , Howarth Samuel , Carvalho Diana De 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Limitations in spinal mobility are a characteristic feature of Axial Spondyloarthritis. Current clinical measurements of spinal mobility have shown low criterion-concurrent validity. This study sought to evaluate criterion-concurrent validity for a clinically feasible measurement method of measuring spine mobility using tri-axial accelerometers.Methods: 15 radiographic-Spondyloarthritis patients were recruited for this study. Two postural reference radiographs, followed by three trials in forward, left and right lateral bending were taken. For all trials, three measurements were collected: tape (Original Schober’s, Modified Schober’s, Modified-Modified Schober’s, Lateral Spinal Flexion Test and Domjan Test), followed immediately by synchronized radiograph and accelerometer measurements at end range of forward and bilateral lateral flexion. The criterion-concurrent validity of all measurement methods were compared to the radiographic measures using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. A Bland-Altman analysis was conducted to assess agreement.Results: In forward bending, the accelerometer method (r=0.590, p=0.010) had a stronger correlation to the radiographic measures than all tape measures. In lateral bending, the Lateral Spinal Flexion tape measure (r=0.743, p=0.001) correlated stronger than the accelerometer method (r=0.556, p=0.016). The Domjan test of bilateral bending (r=0.708, p=0.002) had a stronger correlation to the radiographic measure than the accelerometer method. Conclusions: Accelerometer measures demonstrated superior criterion-concurrent validity compared to current tape measures of spinal mobility in forward bending. While a moderate correlation exists between accelerometer and radiographs in lateral bending, the Lateral Spinal Flexion Test and Domjan Test were found to have the best criterion-concurrent validity of all tests examined in this study.
A Comparative Multicenter Study on the Epidemiology of Traumatic Fractures During the COVID-19 Early Emergency Response Period in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat Luthfi , Rahayu Bernadeta Fuad Paramita , Khadafi Rosyad Nur , Purwanta Acep Eko Budi , Saputra Marda Ade , Sumardiyono Eko , Triangga Aditya Fuad Robby 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The changes of lifestyle and mobility during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may influence the epidemiology of traumatic fractures. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of traumatic fractures in Yogyakarta Special Region (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta/DIY) during the COVID-19 emergency response period and compare the data with the similar period in the previous year.Methods: This was a retrospective study involving five secondary referral hospitals and one tertiary referral hospital. We included all patients who presented to the emergency departments or orthopedic clinics who were then diagnosed with new onset fractures. We compared the data during the emergency response period (COVID group) with a similar period in 2019 (control group).Results: There were 1,249 patients with 1,428 fractures included in this study. There was almost half reduction of patients during the emergency response period. There was no significant difference in proportion of gender and mean of age between patients in the control group and the COVID group. During the emergency response period, there was significant increases in the proportions of patients experiencing low energy injuries (38.0% vs. 30.8%), injuries occurring at home (34.0% vs. 23.8%), and surgically treated closed fractures (51.8% vs. 45.3%), along with decrease of patients’ referrals (1.6% vs. 4.1%). The difference in proportions of fracture type, osteoporotic fractures, and multiple trauma was not significant across the groups. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 emergency response period in DIY, there were nearly half reduction (47.68%) of patients with fractures, increased proportion of patients injured at home, reduced proportion of patients referred to another hospital, and increased proportion of surgically treated closed fractures. The knowledge about this epidemiological trend may help in developing preventive programs and treatment policy for fractures and other injuries during the current pandemic.
Thromboelastography Performs Well for the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection.
Authors: Yuan Tao , Wang Yi , Sun Shui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Coagulation-related biomarkers are drawing new attention in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Thromboelastography (TEG) analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of coagulation and therefore could be a promising test for PJI. This study aims to assess the value of TEG in diagnosing PJI and to determine the clinical significance of TEG in analyzing reimplantation timing for the second-stage revision.Methods: From October 2017 to September 2020, 62 patients who underwent revision arthroplasty were prospectively included, PJI was defined by 2011 Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. Twenty-three patients were diagnosed with PJI (Group A) and the other 39 patients were included as aseptic loosen (Group B). Seventeen patients in Group A finished two-stage revision in our center. C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), D-dimer and TEG parameters (K (clotting time), Angle (α-angle), MA (maximum amplitude), A30 (amplitude at 30 min), TPI (thrombodynamic potential index)) were measured preoperatively in all included patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of these biomarkers.Results: ESR (AUC 0.953, sensitivity 81.82, specificity 94.87) performed best in PJI diagnosis, followed by MA (AUC 0.895, sensitivity 82.61, specificity 97.44) and CRP (AUC 0.893, sensitivity 82.61, specificity 94.74). When these biomarkers combined in pairs, the diagnosis value improved compared with any individual biomarker. The overall success rate of the two-stage revision was 100%. ESR and MA showed valuable in determining the time of reimplantation, with their values all decreased below cut-off values before reimplantation.Conclusion: TEG could be a promising test in assisting PJI diagnosis, and a useful tool in judging the proper timing of reimplantation.
SARS-COV-2 Spike Glycoprotein as Inhibitory Target for Insilico Screening of Natural Compounds
Authors: Omoboyowa Damilola Alex , A Balogun Toheeb , Chukwudozie Onyeka S. , Nweze Victor N. , Saibu Oluwatosin A. , Abdulahi Alausa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Coronavirius disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic caused by SARS-Cov-2 has raised global health concern without approved drug for management of this lie threatening disease. The aim of this study was to predict the inhibitory potential of quercetin-3-o-rutinoside against SARS-Cov-2 spike glycoprotein. Targeting the SARS-Cov-2 spike protein from angiotensin converting enzyme 2 complex (pdb: 6lzg) is gaining importance. In this study, in silico computational relationship between plant-derived natural drug and spike glycoprotein was predicted. The results were evaluated based on glide (Schrodinger) dock score. Among the five (5) screened compounds, quercetin-3-o-rutinoside has the best docking score (-9.296) with the target. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation study was performed for 1000ps to confirm the stability behavior of the spike protein and quercetin-3-o-rutinoside complex. The MD simulation study validated the stability of quercetin-3-o-rutinoside in the spike protein binding pocket as potent inhibitor.
Public Health Implications of Vaping in The US: The Smoking and Vaping Simulation Model
Authors: Levy David T , Tam Jamie , Sanchez-Romero Luz Maria , Li Yameng , Yuan Zhe , Jeon Jihyoun , Meza Rafael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) are increasingly popular worldwide. They may provide public health benefits if used as a substitute for smoking, but may create public health harms if used as a gateway to smoking or to discourage smoking cessation. This paper presents the Smoking and Vaping Model (SAVM), a user-friendly model which estimates the public health implications of NVPs in the US. Methods: SAVM adopts a cohort-approach. We derive public health implications by comparing smoking- and NVP-attributable deaths and life-year lost under a No-NVP and an NVP Scenario. The No-NVP Scenario projects current, former and never smoking rates via smoking initiation and cessation rates, with their respective mortality rates. The NVP Scenario allows for smoking- and NVP-specific mortality rates, switching from cigarette to NVP use, separate NVP and smoking initiation rates, and separate NVP and smoking cessation rates. After validating the model against recent US survey data, we present the base model with extensive sensitivity analyses.Results: The SAVM projects that under current patterns of US NVP use and substitution, NVP use will translate into 1.8 million premature smoking- and vaping-attributable deaths avoided and 38.9 million life-years gained between 2013 and 2060. When the NVP relative risk is set to 5%, the results are sensitive to the level of switching and smoking cessation rates and to a lesser extent smoking initiation rates. When the NVP relative risk is raised to 40%, the public health gains in terms of averted deaths and LYL are reduced by 42% in the base case, and the results become much more sensitive to variations in the base case parameters.Discussion: Policymakers, researchers and other public health stakeholders can apply the SAVM to estimate the potential public health impact of NVPs in their country or region using their own data sources. In developing new simulation models involving NVPs, it will be important to conduct extensive sensitivity analysis and continually update and validate with new data. Conclusion: The SAVM indicates potential benefits of NVP use. However, given the uncertainty surrounding model parameters, extensive sensitivity analysis becomes particularly important.