bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of the lower incisors in the cave bears (Carnivora, Ursidae) from the Caucasus and Urals
Authors: GIMRANOV Dmitry , KOSINTSEV Pavel , BARYSHNIKOV Gennady F. 
Published: June 2021

Morphometric and morphotypic variability of the cave bear lower incisors from two different geographic regions (Caucasus and Urals), different stratigraphic periods (Middle and Late Pleistocene), and bearing different mitochondrial haplogroups (kudarensis (Baryshnikov, 1985) and ingressus Rabeder, Hofreiter & Withalm, 2004) was studied. Urals Ursus kanivetz Vereshchagin, 1973 is clearly distinguished from Caucasian U. kudarensis by morphology of the upper and lower incisors. The Urals cave bear exhibits more derived features compared to the Caucasian cave bears. Ursus kanivetz exhibits the largest average size of the lower incisors. The lower incisors of U. kanivetz are clearly distinct from those in U. kudarensis. Also, U. kudarensis specimens display a clear separation from all other groups of cave bears. Morphology of the incisors of the cave bears is clearly different from that of Early Pleistocene U. etruscus G. Cuvier, 1823, as well as from that of recent U. arctos L., 1758 (Rabeder, 1999) and U. maritimus Phipps, 1774. Our results suggest that the incisors of the cave bears are similar to each other and demonstrate a hypocarnivorous adaptation as a major evolution trend in the lineage of Spelearctos group. These adaptation features were perhaps developed in parallel in different lineages of the cave bears (U. spelaeus Rosenmüller, 1794 and U. kanivetz on the one hand and U. kudarensis on the other hand) in the Late Pleistocene.
In a Football Bubble and Beyond
Authors: Söderlund Ellinor Susanne , Stambulova Natalia B 
Published: June 2021

The objectives of this study were: (1) to explore cultural transition pathways of Swedish professional football players relocated to another European country, (2) to identify shared themes in their transition narratives. We interviewed three professional players who in their early twenties relocated to Italy, Turkey, and Switzerland, and then analyzed their stories using holistic and categorical analyses following the narrative oriented inquiry (NOI) model (Hiles & Čermák, 2008). The holistic analysis resulted in creating three core narratives (i.e., re-telling of the participants’ stories) entitled: Preparing for the worst-case scenario and saved by dedication to football; Showing interest for the host culture and carrying responsibility as a foreign player; and A step for personal development: from homesickness to being hungry for more. The categorical analysis resulted in 12 shared themes from the players’ stories arranged around three phases of the cultural transition model (Ryba et al., 2016). In the pre-transition all the participants were established players searching for new professional opportunities. In the acute cultural adaptation phase, they all prioritized adjustment in football (e.g., fitting in the team, performing). In the socio-cultural adaptation phase, they broaden their perspectives and realized that finding a meaningful life outside of football was just as important to function and feel satisfied as football success.
Les pratiques enseignantes pour soutenir les premiers apprentissages de la langue écrite à l’éducation préscolaire : entre l’approche développementale et l’approche scolarisante
Authors: Marinova Krasimira , Dumais Christian , Moldoveanu Mirela , Dubé France , Drainville Roxane 
Published: June 2021

Dans le contexte où deux approches s’opposent dans les recherches et les pratiques à l’éducation préscolaire, il est pertinent de savoir si les pratiques enseignantes sont cohérentes avec les programmes ministériels prescrivant l’approche développementale ou privilégient plutôt l’approche scolarisante. Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche exploratoire, quantitative, visant à documenter les choix pédagogiques dans l’éducation préscolaire au Québec. Un questionnaire a été administré auprès de 159 enseignantes. Il s’avère que la préférence des enseignantes pour l’apprentissage de la langue écrite penche légèrement pour des pratiques scolarisantes. La valeur qu’elles accordent au jeu augmente leur préférence pour les pratiques développementales. Les enseignantes en milieu socioéconomique défavorisé expriment une préférence plus marquée pour des pratiques développementales que celles en milieu favorisé.
Modelling Students’ Preferences for Mobile Telecommunication Plans: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Otekunrin Oluwaseun A. , Oliobi Chidimma E. 
Published: June 2021

Aims: We employed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to investigate students’ preferences for mobile telecommunication plans in a South African University.
Study design: Locally optimal DCE were constructed for our choice sets using readily available ideas from blocked fractional factorial designs. This is in contrast to other approaches that may be more complex practically especially when the number of attributes is large.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in August 2017 at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Edgewood Campus, Pinetown, South Africa.
Methodology: Four hypothetical mobile telecommunication companies were considered and the selected attributes were call rate, data speed, customer service, premiums and network coverage. A two-stage sampling technique was used to select 180 respondents from the student population and data were collected via face-to-face interview. A blocked fractional factorial design in blocks each of size four was used to generate the choice sets used to obtain information from the respondents. An extra choice set was included to ascertain the consistency of the choices. Proportion of rational respondents was computed. Multinomial logit model was used to analyze the data and marginal willingness to pay estimates was obtained for the attributes.
Results: The proportion of “rational” respondents was 74%. At 0.1% level of significance, the students valued all the attributes except data speed in the process of choosing a particular mobile network. Furthermore, marginal willingness to pay estimates showed that students preferred to pay 51 cents more per minute to have very good customer service. They also preferred to pay extra 13 and 45 cents per minute for more premiums and better network coverage respectively.
Conclusion: The results provide empirical evidence of what students perceive as the most important factors influencing their choice of mobile network service providers and these may have decision-making implications for South African-based telecommunication companies.
Demographic and Socio-Economic Status of the Farmers of North Eastern Part of Country: A Case Study
Authors: Vanlalhmuliana H. , Rachael C. , Sehgal Mukesh , Malik Meenakshi , Chander Subhash 
Published: June 2021

A socio-economic study of farmers from Siaha district was conducted with the objectives to know the socio-economic status of Siaha district farmers, to study the availability of resources, to locate the specific socio-economic weaknesses in their production organization, and to find the constraints that inhibit the popularisation and adoption of modern technologies. Siaha district is comprised of numerous hills and valleys and is rich in vegetation and forests. Jhum cultivation is still widely practiced as the traditional farming system. The cropping pattern of the Siaha district is characterized by the predominance of rice as the lead crop. Agricultural crops account for more than 65 percent of the gross cropped area which indicates the prevalence of subsistence agriculture and lack of crop diversification. It was observed that these farmers are socio-economically backward. Agriculture of the primary source of livelihood for the overwhelming majority of the farmer’s population. It is mandatory to identify and quantify the socio-economic factors which are key factors that are inhibiting their growth and development.
The Factors Related to Death of Trauma Preventable Death Patients in Rajavithi Hospital
Authors: Nopmanee T. , Sukrom C. , Teerachai U. , Jirapong D. , Nirutchara K. 
Published: June 2021

Aims: To study the factors related to death of traumatic preventable death patients with probability of survival score more than 0.75
Methodology: A 1:4 case-control study was conducted on traumatic preventable death patients with probability of survival score more than 0.75 who received treatment at the Emergency Department and was admitted in Rajavithi Hospital between 2015 and 2018. Data were retrieved from Rajavithi trauma registry. Statistical analysis using Chi-square test, student t-test, and Multiple logistic regression was employed for factors associated with death of trauma.
Results: There were 36 cases (death) and 150 controls (survivors). In cases group, 21 (61.1%) were male with mean age of 61.36±20.23 years. 26 (72.2%) had underlying diseases. 22 (61.10%) of these injuries occurred at home. The cause of accidents are categorized to fall injury occurring 21 (58.3%), and blunt mechanism of injury 35 (97.20%). The mean Injury Severity Score was 17.81±9.66. Factors significantly associated with increased death are age (Adjust OR: 1.05 (1.01-1.08), P = .02), pulse rate (Adjusted OR): 1.05 (1.01-1.08), P = .01), underlying disease (Adjusted OR): 12.0 (2.29-62.88), and Injury Severity Score (Adjusted OR): 1.29 (1.16-1.43), P < .001)
Conclusion: The factors related to death of traumatic preventable death patients with probability of survival score more than 0.75 were age, pulse rate, underlying disease, and Injury Severity Score.
Acute Onset Flaccid Paralysis as Presentation of Combined Central and Peripheral Demyelination in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Das Avishikta , Nandy Arnab , Gupta Dipankar , Mondal Rakesh 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Inflammatory demyelinating disease like combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) could have varied clinical presentation depending upon the topographical distribution of neural involvement.
Case presentation: A seven-year-old child had presented with fever followed by acute onset flaccid paralysis and urinary retention. Weakness in the lower limbs as reported was ascending and symmetric in nature, while no history of trauma, band-like sensation or altered sensorium were documented. Superficial and deep tendon reflexes of both the lower limbs were absent. Routine blood investigations had revealed neutrophilic leucocytosis only. Serum IgM antibody for scrub typhus was found positive. CSF study didn’t show cyto-protein dissociation. NCV had demonstrated absence of F wave and H reflex in the peripheral nerves of lower limbs. Anti-ganglioside antibody profiles were negative. Subsequent investigations including MRI brain and spinal cord had revealed acute onset CCPD.
Conclusion: Acute onset combined central and peripheral demyelination in a child had presented as acute flaccid paralysis of the lower limbs and the condition was temporally association with scrub typhus.
Characteristics of Cerebrospinal Meningitis Cases in 2017 Outbreak, Sokoto State, Nigeria: A Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Abubakar Auwal Usman , Raji Ismail Abdullateef , Kaoje Aminu Umar , Ango Umar Mohammed , Abdulkarim Mohammed Abdullahi , Abdulaziz Mohammad Danmadami , Danmafara Abubakar A. , Mohammed Yahaya 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis (CSM) is an acute illness affecting surrounding layers of the brain and spinal cord, mostly caused by bacterial infection. The disease is responsible for the occurrence of epidemic meningitis in the African Meningitic belt. For many years, this region has experienced a large serogroup A epidemic every 7-10 years. A sharp decrease in the number of reported cases was demonstrated in countries where Men Afrivac has been introduced. However, serogroup replacement with serotype C was noted in the region, which has posed a serious threat to eliminating CSM epidemics. We describe the characteristics of cerebrospinal meningitis cases in the 2017 outbreak in Sokoto state, Nigeria.
Methodology: We obtained CSM data from the state epidemiology unit from 7th February to 24th May 2017. We extracted data on demographic characteristics, clinical features, case management and outcome of cases. We used Microsoft Excel and SPSS to analyze the data for proportions, cross-tabulations and chi-square test to find associations between variables.
Results: A total of 4969 CSM cases were recorded, with 283 deaths (case fatality rate: 5.7%). The cumulative attack rate was 96.4/ 100,000 populations. The highest proportion of cases was among ≥ the 15-year age group 2063(41.5%), and males were more affected, 2843(57.2%). Of the total 4969 suspected CSM cases, specimens were collected for only 225 (4.4%) cases, of which 58 (25.8%) were positive. Most 48 (82.8%) of the positive specimen were of NmC serotype. Only age was found to predict outcome (aOR: 1.52; 95% CI= 1.18 – 1.97).
Conclusion: Sokoto State outbreak of Cerebro-spinal meningitis in 2017 was huge and largely caused by NmC. Those aged less than 15 years might be at higher risk of dying from CSM and we therefore recommend that specific preventive interventions such as vaccination and awareness creation should target this age group.
Evaluation of the Immunological Status in Occult Hepatitis B Virus-infected Patients Attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Koate Baribefe Banavule Daniel , Didia Blessing , Monsi Tombari Pius , Jeremiah Zacchaeus Awortu 
Published: June 2021

Background: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a rare form of infection that is characterized by the presence of replication-competent HBV DNA in the liver but without detectable HBsAg in the serum.
Aim: This study aimed to determine the comparative levels of immunological variables particularly CD4 counts and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts in occult hepatitis B and HBsAg positive subjects among prospective blood donors in Port Harcourt Metropolis in Nigeria.
Methods: The CD4 count and total and differential WBC counts were analyzed with automated techniques using BD Fascount and Sysmex XP-300 respectively. Data were analyzed as mean (standard deviation) and significance was assumed at 95% confidence interval using student t-test and one-way ANOVA on GraphPad prism.
Results: The mean values for CD4, WBC, LYM (lymphocyte), MXD (differential mixed cells), and NEU (neutrophils) were 607±286 µ/l, 16±24 /l, 1.8±0.55 %, 0.46±0.15 % and 3.1±1.1 % respectively for occult hepatitis B subjects; 609±222 µ/l, 5.4±1.7 /l, 2.3±1.2 %, 0.54±0.31 % and 2.7±1.2 % respectively for HbsAg positive subjects and 823±256 µ/l, 10±5.4 /l, 2.4±1.6 %, 0.69±0.49 % and 6.4±4.7 % respectively for hepatitis B negative subjects. CD4 levels for male and female occult hepatitis B subjects are 729±309 µ/l and 461±190 µ/l respectively; 582±210 µ/l and 643±250 µ/l respectively for HBsAg positive subjects while that of hepatitis B negative subjects were 824±305 µ/l and 821±199 µ/l respectively. OBI showed a significant negative association between differential mixed cells and lymphocytes (r= -0.89 and p= 0.001) alone signifying that increment in former could reduce the latter. Only the HBsAg positive subjects showed a significant positive correlation of age to differential mixed cells (r=0.94 and p=0.000) which imply as the age increase the level of differential mixed cells will rise. Again, the HBsAg positive subjects showed a significant positive correlation between the differential mixed cells against neutrophil and WBC (r=0.53 and p=0.050), (r=0.56 and 0.036) respectively. Smoking and alcohol consumption caused raised levels of CD4 cells in OBI.
Conclusion: This study revealed a significant decrease in CD4 count, increase in total WBC and neutrophil counts while lymphocyte counts were decreased in occult hepatitis B subjects. Gender difference affect the level of CD4 cells and significant correlation were observed especially with the differential mixed cells.
Knowledge on Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent Girls Studying in Grade 8-10 in Private School of Dailekh District, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Harikala , Oli Madan Kumar , Adhikari Saroj 
Published: June 2021

Background: Adolescence is a significant period in the life of a woman. The beginning of menstruation represents the girls' mild stone of pubertal development or maturity. Good menstrual hygiene is crucial for health. Lack of proper menstrual hygiene in adolescent period can have an effect on their health. (Abisola Monisola Oladimeji, 2014) Menstrual health issue has remained in dark for a longer period of time in Nepal. Lack of proper education and socio cultural barriers has led to knowledge gap on menstrual hygiene and health amongst adolescent female in Nepal.
Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the knowledge on menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls studying in grade 8 to 10.
Methodology: This study was conducted in Nayaran Municipality, Dailekh. Study design was descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population was adolescent girls studying in grades 8 to 10 in selected private schools of Dailekh district, Nepal. The sample size in this study was 173 subjects. Data was taken by self-administered questionnaires. Data analysis was done by SPSS, version 21.0.
Major Finding: Only 40.6% of respondents had good knowledge on ideal time to change absorbent. 75.8 % respondents were aware of the importance of bathing during menstruation. Around 83.9 % respondents had good knowledge on significance of using clean clothes during menstruation and more than 88 % respondents had good knowledge on menstrual blood. 40% responded that menstrual blood is unhygienic. Out of five menstrual hygiene related questions, good knowledge was found among 48 % respondents while 52 % had poor knowledge. 10-19 age-group girls had good knowledge on menstrual hygiene than 10-15 years age group. Students of grade 10 had better knowledge among the respondents. Hindu girls had more knowledge than girls of other religion. Similarly, respondents from nuclear family had better knowledge than those of joint family. Higher the monthly income of family, better the knowledge about menstrual hygiene was observed. Girls of parents having higher secondary level education had better knowledge on menstrual hygiene than illiterate, primary and secondary level educated parents.
Frequency of Different Bacterial Species and their Antibiogram among Patients with Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Bhutta Mohammad Farooq , Hussain Ashfaq , Baig Salman , Ullah Asad , Fatimee Sarwath , Zafar Urooj 
Published: June 2021

Aim: To find out the frequency of different bacterial species and their antibiogram among the patients of chronic suppurative otitis media.
Study Design: Descriptivecross-sectional.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the ENT department of Bahawal Victoria hospital between July to December 2020.
Methodology: About 50 patients presented with unilateral or bilateral ear discharge and diagnosed as a case of chronic suppurative otitis media were included in the study. The disk diffusion method was used on Mueller-Hinton Agar to detect antimicrobial susceptibility. Multipledrugs were tested for checking antimicrobial susceptibility. The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 13.89 ± 12.37 years. The majority of participants were froma younger age group i.e. less than10 years of age with female predominance. It had been found that the majority of cases (51%) were having Staphylococcus aureus infestation followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and very few with Proteus mirabilis. On the other hand, multiple drugs were tested to find out the antimicrobial susceptibility among the cases of chronic otitis media and the results reported that all the bacterial species were susceptible to Ceftriaxone while the other antibiotics were havinga variable response for different strains of bacteria.
Conclusion: Results concluded that the Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and very few with Proteus mirabilis. It is important to identify the pathogenic organism and its sensitivity pattern before prescribing any antibiotic.
Improvement of Infection Control Measures during Dental Manipulations
Authors: Fundovnaya Alexandra Andreevna , Noskova Daria Alexandrovna , Dorofeev Yuri , Egorova Irina Sergeevna , Dubinin Alexander Olegovich , Masaeva Danizat Zaurovna 
Published: June 2021

When performing dental manipulations, infection control plays a special role, since its violation will negate all the efforts of the dentist, as well as allow various infectious and bacterial complications to develop in the body, as a result of which the patient's health will be significantly harmed.
Infection control in dentistry is especially important at the present stage, when the spread of coronavirus infection has not yet been stopped, and the world is already experiencing the third wave of COVID-19. So, today it is very important to evaluate the existing infection control measures taken in dental health organizations, both private and public, and to investigate the measures proposed in the literature to reduce the transmission of both the new coronavirus and other infectious diseases to patients.
Infection control measures in dentistry are aimed at minimizing the cross-transmission of mainly blood-borne pathogens. However, the high degree of contagion of the new coronavirus, as well as the possibility of the appearance of such viruses in the future, makes specialists already think about the need to improve infection control measures in order to preserve the health of patients and make dental manipulations as safe as possible for them. This is especially important for elderly patients, in whom complications from coronavirus-like infectious diseases can be fatal.
In dental practice, many people are at risk, such as the practitioner, assistants, patients, administrative staff, cleaners, and possibly accompanying people. Standard precautions are usually not sufficient during the active spread of infections, so it is important to use proper PPE and follow hand hygiene. The sequence of consultations and scheduling of appointments with patients, as well as making changes to the waiting area, are also important. To minimize aerosol contamination, mouthwash should be performed before treatment. It should be taken into account that fans with NERA filters can significantly reduce the number of aerosols and, accordingly, reduce the level of pathogenicity of viruses.
The aim of the work is to consider the measures proposed in the publications aimed at improving the measures of infection control during dental manipulations.