bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement, Survival, and Delays of Atlantic Salmon Smolts in the Piscataquis River, Maine, USA
Authors: Molina‐Moctezuma Alejandro , Peterson Erin , Zydlewski Joseph D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMovement, delays, and survival of hatchery Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar smolts were evaluated through the Piscataquis River, a tributary of the Penobscot River in Maine, USA. We explored the effects of the river’s four dams (Guilford, Dover, Browns Mill, and Howland dams) from 2005 to 2019. During this period, the downstream‐most dam (Howland Dam) transitioned from full hydropower generation to seasonal turbine shutdowns and later was decommissioned with the construction of a nature‐like fish bypass in 2016. We estimated survival through open‐river reaches and at each dam using acoustic telemetry (n = 1,611). Dams decreased survival, with per‐river‐kilometer (rkm) apparent survival averages of 0.972, 0.951, and 0.990 for Guilford, Dover, and Browns Mill dams compared to a per‐rkm survival of 0.999 for open‐river reaches. Turbine shutdowns increased survival at Howland Dam (to around 0.95), which was further increased by the nature‐like fish bypass (0.99). We used radiotelemetry in 2019 (n = 75) and demonstrated that approximately one‐third of the fish used the bypass, while the remaining fish used alternative routes. Smolts successfully passing the three upstream dams had lower apparent survival through Howland Dam than smolts that were released upstream of Howland Dam. Although smolts passing Browns Mill Dam had high survival, the dam caused extended delays, with median delay times surpassing 48 h in most years. Most of the delays caused by Browns Mill Dam occurred after fish had passed the dam and may indicate a sublethal effect of passage. Overall, while survival through Howland Dam has improved, passage and delays at the three upstream dams in aggregate represent a critical impediment to the effective use of the high‐quality spawning habitat found upstream.
Reaching the Full Potential of Electroorganic Synthesis by Paired Electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Wenzhao , Hong Nianmin , Song Lu , Fu Niankai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectroorganic synthesis has recently become a rapidly blossoming research area within the organic synthesis community. It should be noted that electrochemical reaction is always a balanced reaction system with two half‐cell reactions‐oxidation and reduction. Most electrochemical strategies, however, typically focus on one of the two sides for the desired transformations. Paired electrolysis has two desirable half reactions running simultaneously, thus maximizing the overall margin of atom and energy economy. Meanwhile, the spatial separation between oxidation and reduction is the essential feature of electrochemistry, offering unique opportunities for the development of redox‐neutral reactions that would otherwise be challenging to accomplish in a conventional reaction flask setting. This review discusses the most recent illustrative examples of paired electrolysis with special emphasis on sequential and convergent processes.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aromatic C−H Functionalizations Utilizing Electrochemical Oxidations
Authors: Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Kochi Takuya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed electrochemical C−H functionalizations have been extensively studied as atom‐ and step‐economical clean methods in organic synthesis. In this account, we described our efforts on the palladium‐catalyzed electrochemical C−H functionalizations, including C−H halogenations of arylpyridines and benzamide derivatives using HCl/HBr and I2 as a halogen source, a one‐pot process giving teraryls via the palladium‐catalyzed electrochemical C−H iodination and subsequent Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling, and an iodine‐mediated oxidative homo‐coupling reaction of arylpyridines.
Blood biomarkers for dementia in Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White adults
Authors: Gonzales Mitzi M. , Short Meghan I. , Satizabal Claudia L. , O’ Bryant Sid , Tracy Russel P. , Zare Habil , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe study evaluated if blood markers reflecting diverse biological pathways differentiate clinical diagnostic groups among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White adults.MethodsWithin Hispanic (n = 1193) and non‐Hispanic White (n = 650) participants, serum total tau (t‐tau), neurofilament light (NfL), ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase LI, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), soluble cluster of differentiation‐14, and chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40) were quantified. Mixed‐effects partial proportional odds ordinal logistic regression and linear mixed‐effects models were used to evaluate the association of biomarkers with diagnostic group and cognition, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, apolipoprotein E ε4, education, and site.ResultsT‐tau, NfL, GFAP, and YKL‐40 discriminated between diagnostic groups (receiver operating curve: 0.647–0.873). Higher t‐tau (odds ratio [OR] = 1.671, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.457–1.917,P < .001), NfL (OR = 2.150, 95% CI = 1.819–2.542,P < .001), GFAP (OR = 2.283, 95% CI = 1.915–2.722,P < .001), and YKL‐40 (OR = 1.288, 95% CI = 1.125–1.475,P < .001) were associated with increased likelihood of dementia relative to cognitively unimpaired and mild cognitive impairment groups. Higher NfL was associated with poorer global cognition (β = –0.455, standard error [SE] = 0.083,P < .001), semantic fluency (β = –0.410, SE = 0.133,P = .002), attention/processing speed (β = 2.880, SE = 0.801,P < .001), and executive function (β = 5.965, SE = 2.037,P = .003). Higher GFAP was associated with poorer global cognition (β = –0.345, SE = 0.092,P = .001), learning (β = –1.426, SE = 0.359,P < .001), and memory (β = –0.890, SE = 0.266,P < .001). Higher YKL‐40 (β = –0.537, SE = 0.186,P = .004) was associated with lower memory scores. Interactions with ethnicity were observed for learning (NfL, GFAP, YKL‐40), memory (NfL, GFAP), and semantic fluency (NfL; interaction termsP< .008), which were generally no longer significant in a demographically matched subset of Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White participants.DiscussionBlood biomarkers of neuronal/axonal and glial injury differentiated between clinical diagnostic groups in a bi‐ethnic cohort of Hispanic and non‐Hispanic Whites. Our results add to the growing literature indicating that blood biomarkers may be viable tools for detecting neurodegenerative conditions and highlight the importance of validation in diverse cohorts.
Von lokalen Projekten der Verkehrswende für automatisierten und vernetzten Verkehr lernen
Authors: Stickler Andrea 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungMit diesem Beitrag werden ausgewählte Projekte im Namen der Verkehrs- oder Mobilitätswende im ländlichen und suburbanen Raum betrachtet und diese in Bezug zum automatisierten und vernetzten Fahren gesetzt. Die in diesem Artikel entwickelte These ist, dass der automatisierte und vernetzte Verkehr das bestehende „System der Automobilität“ (Urry 2004) zwar entscheidend verändern kann, die konkreten Veränderungen jedoch im Zusammenhang mit lokal-spezifischen Herausforderungen und gegenwärtigen Konflikten und Kämpfen um Mobilitätssysteme betrachtet werden müssen. Analysiert werden daher lokale Mobilitätsprojekte, mit denen über eine reine Ablösung der fossilen Antriebstechnologie der Automobilität hinausgegangen und eine umfassendere Verkehrswende mit neuen Mobilitätsdienstleistungen wie Mikrosystemen im öffentlichen Verkehr (ÖV), gemeinnützige Fahrtendienste und Car-Sharing angestrebt wird.
Recoupling mechanism for exotic mesons and baryons
Authors: Simonov Yu. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The infinite chain of transitions of one pair of mesons (channel I) into another pair of mesons (channel II) can produce bound states and resonances in both channels even if no interactions inside channels exist. These resonances which can occur also in meson-baryon channels are called channel-coupling (CC) resonances. A new mechanism of CC resonances is proposed where transitions occur due to a rearrangement of confining strings inside each channel — the recoupling mechanism. The amplitude of this recoupling mechanism is expressed via overlap integrals of the wave functions of participating mesons (baryons). The explicit calculation with the known wave functions yields the peak at E = 4.12 GeV for the transitions $$ J/\psi +\phi \leftrightarrow {D}_s^{\ast }+{\overline{D}}_s^{\ast } $$
J
/
ψ
+
ϕ
↔

D
s
∗

+

D
¯

s
∗

, which can be associated with χc1 (4140), and a narrow peak at 3.98 GeV with the width 10 MeV for the transitions $$ {D}_s^{-}+{D}_0^{\ast}\leftrightarrow J/\psi +{K}^{\ast -} $$

D
s
−

+

D
0
∗

↔
J
/
ψ
+

K

∗
−

, which can be associated with th recently discovered Zcs (3985).
Theoretical uncertainties for cosmological first-order phase transitions
Authors: Croon Djuna , Gould Oliver , Schicho Philipp , Tenkanen Tuomas V. I. , White Graham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We critically examine the magnitude of theoretical uncertainties in perturbative calculations of fist-order phase transitions, using the Standard Model effective field theory as our guide. In the usual daisy-resummed approach, we find large uncertainties due to renormalisation scale dependence, which amount to two to three orders-of-magnitude uncertainty in the peak gravitational wave amplitude, relevant to experiments such as LISA. Alternatively, utilising dimensional reduction in a more sophisticated perturbative approach drastically reduces this scale dependence, pushing it to higher orders. Further, this approach resolves other thorny problems with daisy resummation: it is gauge invariant which is explicitly demonstrated for the Standard Model, and avoids an uncontrolled derivative expansion in the bubble nucleation rate.
Higher-derivative supergravity, wrapped M5-branes, and theories of class $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{R}} $$
Authors: Bobev Nikolay , Charles Anthony M. , Gang Dongmin , Hristov Kiril , Reys Valentin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the interplay between four-derivative 4d gauged supergravity, holography, wrapped M5-branes, and theories of class $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{R}} $$
ℛ
. Using results from Chern-Simons theory on hyperbolic three-manifolds and the 3d-3d correspondence we are able to constrain the two independent coefficients in the four-derivative supergravity Lagrangian. This in turn allows us to calculate the subleading terms in the large-N expansion of supersymmetric partition functions for an infinite class of three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs of class $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{R}} $$
ℛ
. We also determine the leading correction to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of asymptotically AdS4 black holes arising from wrapped M5-branes. In addition, we propose and test some conjectures about the perturbative partition function of Chern-Simons theory with complexified ADE gauge groups on closed hyperbolic three-manifolds.
A new B-flavour anomaly in Bd,s → $$ {K}^{\ast 0}{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0} $$: anatomy and interpretation
Authors: Algueró Marcel , Crivellin Andreas , Descotes-Genon Sébastien , Matias Joaquim , Novoa-Brunet Martín 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the context of the recently measured non-leptonic decays Bd→$$ {K}^{\ast 0}{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0} $$

K

∗
0

K
¯

∗
0

and Bs→$$ {K}^{\ast 0}{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0} $$

K

∗
0

K
¯

∗
0

we analyse the anatomy of the LVV observable that compares the longitudinal components of Bs→VV and Bd→VV decays. This observable is cleaner than the longitudinal polarisation fraction as it is afflicted only at subleading order in a 1/mb expansion by the theoretical uncertainties arising in the transverse components entering the polarisation fraction. Focusing on the particular case of Bd→$$ {K}^{\ast 0}{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0} $$

K

∗
0

K
¯

∗
0

and Bs→$$ {K}^{\ast 0}{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0} $$

K

∗
0

K
¯

∗
0

, we discuss the main sources of hadronic uncertainty in the SM. We find for the SM prediction $$ {L}_{K^{\ast }{\overline{K}}^{\ast }}={19.5}_{-6.8}^{+9.3} $$

L

K
∗

K
¯

∗

=

19.5

−
6.8

+
9.3

, which implies a 2.6σ tension with respect to the most recent data, pointing to a deficit in the b→s transition of the non-leptonic decay versus the corresponding b→d transition. We discuss possible New Physics explanations for this deviation, first at the level of the Weak Effective Theory and we identify that the two Wilson coefficients $$ {\mathcal{C}}_4 $$

C
4

and $$ {\mathcal{C}}_{8g} $$

C

8
g

can play a central role in explaining this anomaly. Finally, we briefly explore two different simplified New Physics models which can explain the anomaly through a contribution either in $$ {\mathcal{C}}_4 $$

C
4

(Kaluza-Klein gluon) or in $$ {\mathcal{C}}_{8g} $$

C

8
g

, with a significant amount of fine tuning, but possible connections to the b→sℓℓ anomalies.
Salvage-Laryngektomie nach primärer Radio- und Radiochemotherapie
Authors: Sievert Matti , Goncalves Miguel , Binder Benedicta , Mueller Sarina K. , Rupp Robin , Koch Michael , Dürr Stephan , Traxdorf Maximilian , Hecht Markus , Iro Heinrich , Gostian Antoniu-Oreste 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das rezidivierende und residuelle Larynxkarzinom nach organerhaltender Radio- bzw. Radiochemotherapie ist mit einer schlechten Prognose verbunden. Die Salvage-Operation stellt in diesen Fällen die wichtigste therapeutische Option dar.

Ziel der Arbeit
Erfasst wurden die Rate an Rezidiv- und Residualtumoren sowie die Überlebensraten und die Komplikationsrate nach Salvage-Chirurgie des Kehlkopfs an dem akademischen Tumorzentrum der Autor(inn)en.

Material und Methoden
Retrospektiv wurden alle Patienten untersucht, bei denen zwischen 2001 und 2019 eine Salvage-Operation aufgrund eines Tumorresiduums oder Rezidivs nach primärer nichtchirurgischer Therapie erfolgt war.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 33 Salvage-Operationen durchgeführt. Die Defektrekonstruktion erfolgte in 30,3 % der Fälle (n = 10) mittels freier und in 15,2 % (n = 5) mittels regionaler Lappenplastik. Ein Patient hat sowohl eine freie als auch gleichzeitig eine gestielte Lappenplastik erhalten. Das Gesamtüberleben nach einem, 2 und 5 Jahren betrug 68,7 %; 47,9 % bzw. 24,2 %, das krankheitsfreie Überleben 81,6 %; 47,8 % bzw. 24,2 % bei insgesamt 48,5 % (n = 16) postoperativen Tumorrezidiven. Das krankheitsfreie Überleben war signifikant kürzer bei Tumorausdehnung im bzw. auf den Hypopharynx (p = 0,041). Postoperativ entwickelten 72,7 % der Patienten eine pharyngokutane Fistel unabhängig von einer simultanen Defektrekonstruktion. Nur 24 % der der aufgetretenen Fisteln mussten operativ therapiert werden. Der Krankenhausaufenthalt betrug 28,0 ± 16,1 Tage.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Salvage-Laryngektomie ist mit vielen, aber beherrschbaren Komplikationen und einer hohen Morbidität verbunden. In Anbetracht der behandelten fortgeschrittenen Tumorkategorien und der Gesamtsituation des Patienten sind respektable onkologische Ergebnisse zu erreichen.
Tumour draining lymph node-generated CD8 T cells play a role in controlling lung metastases after a primary tumour is removed but not when adjuvant immunotherapy is used
Authors: Fear Vanessa S. , Forbes Catherine A. , Neeve Samuel A. , Fisher Scott A. , Chee Jonathan , Waithman Jason , Ma Shao Kang , Lake Richard , Nowak Anna K. , Creaney Jenette , Brown Matthew D. , Saunders Christobel , Robinson Bruce W. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSurgical resection of cancer remains the frontline therapy for millions of patients annually, but post-operative recurrence is common, with a relapse rate of around 45% for non-small cell lung cancer. The tumour draining lymph nodes (dLN) are resected at the time of surgery for staging purposes, and this cannot be a null event for patient survival and future response to immune checkpoint blockade treatment. This project investigates cancer surgery, lymphadenectomy, onset of metastatic disease, and response to immunotherapy in a novel model that closely reflects the clinical setting. In a murine metastatic lung cancer model, primary subcutaneous tumours were resected with associated dLNs remaining intact, completely resected or partially resected. Median survival after surgery was significantly shorter with complete dLN resection at the time of surgery (49 days (95%CI)) compared to when lymph nodes remained intact (> 88 days; p < 0.05). Survival was partially restored with incomplete lymph node resection and CD8 T cell dependent. Treatment with aCTLA4 whilst effective against the primary tumour was ineffective for metastatic lung disease. Conversely, aPD-1/aCD40 treatment was effective in both the primary and metastatic disease settings and restored the detrimental effects of complete dLN resection on survival. In this pre-clinical lung metastatic disease model that closely reflects the clinical setting, we observe decreased frequency of survival after complete lymphadenectomy, which was ameliorated with partial lymph node removal or with early administration of aPD-1/aCD40 therapy. These findings have direct relevance to surgical lymph node resection and adjuvant immunotherapy in lung cancer, and perhaps other cancer, patients.
The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, part I: evaluation of precipitation
Authors: Ban Nikolina , Caillaud Cécile , Coppola Erika , Pichelli Emanuela , Sobolowski Stefan , Adinolfi Marianna , Ahrens Bodo , Alias Antoinette , Anders Ivonne , Bastin Sophie , Belušić Danijel , Berthou Ségolène , Brisson Erwan , Cardoso Rita M. , Chan Steven C. , Christensen Ole Bøssing , Fernández Jesús , Fita Lluís , Frisius Thomas , Gašparac Goran , Giorgi Filippo , Goergen Klaus , Haugen Jan Erik , Hodnebrog Øivind , Kartsios Stergios , Katragkou Eleni , Kendon Elizabeth J. , Keuler Klaus , Lavin-Gullon Alvaro , Lenderink Geert , Leutwyler David , Lorenz Torge , Maraun Douglas , Mercogliano Paola , Milovac Josipa , Panitz Hans-Juergen , Raffa Mario , Remedio Armelle Reca , Schär Christoph , Soares Pedro M. M , Srnec Lidija , Steensen Birthe Marie , Stocchi Paolo , Tölle Merja H. , Truhetz Heimo , Vergara-Temprado Jesus , de Vries Hylke , Warrach-Sagi Kirsten , Wulfmeyer Volker , Zander Mar Janne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere we present the first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale horizontal grid spacing over a decade long period. A total of 23 simulations run with a horizontal grid spacing of $$\sim $$
∼
3 km, driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis, and performed by 22 European research groups are analysed. Six different regional climate models (RCMs) are represented in the ensemble. The simulations are compared against available high-resolution precipitation observations and coarse resolution ($$\sim $$
∼
12 km) RCMs with parameterized convection. The model simulations and observations are compared with respect to mean precipitation, precipitation intensity and frequency, and heavy precipitation on daily and hourly timescales in different seasons. The results show that kilometer-scale models produce a more realistic representation of precipitation than the coarse resolution RCMs. The most significant improvements are found for heavy precipitation and precipitation frequency on both daily and hourly time scales in the summer season. In general, kilometer-scale models tend to produce more intense precipitation and reduced wet-hour frequency compared to coarse resolution models. On average, the multi-model mean shows a reduction of bias from $$\sim \,$$

∼

−40% at 12 km to $$\sim \,$$

∼

−3% at 3 km for heavy hourly precipitation in summer. Furthermore, the uncertainty ranges i.e. the variability between the models for wet hour frequency is reduced by half with the use of kilometer-scale models. Although differences between the model simulations at the kilometer-scale and observations still exist, it is evident that these simulations are superior to the coarse-resolution RCM simulations in the representing precipitation in the present-day climate, and thus offer a promising way forward for investigations of climate and climate change at local to regional scales.
Critical Brownian multiplicative chaos
Authors: Jego Antoine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBrownian multiplicative chaos measures, introduced in Jego (Ann Probab 48:1597–1643, 2020), Aïdékon et al. (Ann Probab 48(4):1785–1825, 2020) and Bass et al. (Ann Probab 22:566–625, 1994), are random Borel measures that can be formally defined by exponentiating $$\gamma $$
γ
times the square root of the local times of planar Brownian motion. So far, only the subcritical measures where the parameter $$\gamma $$
γ
is less than 2 were studied. This article considers the critical case where $$\gamma =2$$

γ
=
2

, using three different approximation procedures which all lead to the same universal measure. On the one hand, we exponentiate the square root of the local times of small circles and show convergence in the Seneta–Heyde normalisation as well as in the derivative martingale normalisation. On the other hand, we construct the critical measure as a limit of subcritical measures. This is the first example of a non-Gaussian critical multiplicative chaos. We are inspired by methods coming from critical Gaussian multiplicative chaos, but there are essential differences, the main one being the lack of Gaussianity which prevents the use of Kahane’s inequality and hence a priori controls. Instead, a continuity lemma is proved which makes it possible to use tools from stochastic calculus as an effective substitute.
Impact of self-determination theory in a physiotherapeutic training
Authors: Strempfl Johanna , Wutzl Teresa , Ün Didem , Greber-Platzer Susanne , Keilani Mohammad , Crevenna Richard , Thajer Alexandra 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Background
This study determined to what extent the underpinning of physiotherapeutic interventions with the evidence-based motivational psychological concept of the self-determination theory (SDT) by Ryan and Deci can increase motivation and enjoyment of movement in obese adolescents.

Methods
In this study 12 obese adolescents aged 14–18 years were offered a targeted group-specific sports program including a home exercise program of 8 weeks. The group leaders were trained in the SDT and supported to integrate motivational aspects. A SDT-based questionnaire by Kohake and Lehnert was used to evaluate motivational interventions.

Results
In total, seven (58%) patients finished the study. In the before-after comparison there were little changes in motivation. Results showed that contrary to expectations the motivation of the obese adolescents to move and to participate in the study was generally high. In the study, more internalized forms of motivation dominated, the highest quality form of motivation.

Conclusion
Digital technologies could be a successful way to further increase motivation and compliance of our target group. This MotiMove study is a basis for future research programs and empower physiotherapists and movement experts to develop and implement training programs for obese adolescents and children.
Higher integrability for variational integrals with non-standard growth
Authors: Schäffner Mathias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider autonomous integral functionals of the form $$\begin{aligned} {\mathcal {F}}[u]:=\int _\varOmega f(D u)\,dx \quad \text{ where } u:\varOmega \rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^N, N\ge 1, \end{aligned}$$

F

[
u
]

:
=

∫
Ω

f

(
D
u
)

d
x

where

u
:
Ω
→

R

N

,
N
≥
1
,

where the convex integrand f satisfies controlled (p, q)-growth conditions. We establish higher gradient integrability and partial regularity for minimizers of $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
assuming $$\frac{q}{p}<1+\frac{2}{n-1}$$

q
p

<
1
+

2

n
-
1

, $$n\ge 3$$

n
≥
3

. This improves earlier results valid under the more restrictive assumption $$\frac{q}{p}<1+\frac{2}{n}$$

q
p

<
1
+

2
n

.