bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of intraoperative middle ear status and hearing results in single-stage canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy with PORP—a prospective study
Authors: Tamang Nirmala , Shakya Dipesh , Pradhananga Rabindra , Rayamajhi Pabina , Bhattarai Hari 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Mastoidectomy is one of the common surgical procedures performed by the otologist. It is commonly done for cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media (CCOM) and can be performed as either canal wall up or down techniques. Most of the CCOM is associated with ossicular erosions which require ossicular chain reconstruction (OCR) which can be done either in one stage or multiple stages.
A multitude of factors affects postoperative OCR results with tympanomastoidectomy. Among various factors, the status of the tympanic membrane and middle ear mucosa is quite essential. To date, there are no randomized or prospective studies assessing the integrity of pars tensa and status of the middle ear mucosa in hearing outcomes in single-stage tympanomastoidectomy using partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) in the literature. Therefore, this study is performed to correlate the integrity of pars tensa and middle ear mucosa condition with postoperative hearing results of single-stage canal wall down (CWD) tympanomastoidectomy with PORP.

Results
Forty-two patients with cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media underwent single-stage canal wall down mastoidectomy (CWD) and partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) placement. The statistical analysis was done to compare the results of postoperative hearing with the intraoperative integrity of pars tensa and middle ear mucosa status. The mean pre- and postoperative air-bone gaps (ABGs) of all cases were 23.9 dB and 21 dB, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. In the pars tensa intact group, the mean pre- and postoperative ABGs were 21.5 dB and 18.5 dB, respectively, and in the pars tensa not intact group, the mean pre- and postoperative ABGs were 25.7 dB and 22.8 dB, respectively, and both groups had statistically insignificant difference. The pre- and postoperative ABGs in the healthy middle ear mucosa group were 20.7 dB and 19 dB, respectively. Similarly, the pre- and postoperative ABGs in non-healthy middle ear mucosa were 24.4 dB and 21.2 dB, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant in both groups.

Conclusion
There was a statistically significant improvement in postoperative air conduction threshold (ACT) in all cases. The integrity of pars tensa and middle ear mucosa status did not affect the postoperative hearing outcome in single-stage CWD tympanomastoidecomty using PORP.
Fast and long-lasting immune response to S-trimer COVID-19 vaccine adjuvanted by PIKA
Authors: Liu Yuan , Dai Lianpan , Feng Xiaoli , Gao Ran , Zhang Nan , Wang Bin , Han Jianbao , Zou Qingcui , Guo Xiling , Zhu Hua , Liu Jiangning , Qin Chuan , Zhang Yi , Bao Linlin , Li Minghua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the face of the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need to develop a vaccine that can induce fast, effective, long-lasting and broad protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we developed a trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S protein vaccine candidate adjuvanted by PIKA, which can induce robust cellular and humoral immune responses. The results showed a high level of neutralizing antibodies induced by the vaccine was maintained for at least 400 days. In the study of non-human primates, PIKA adjuvanted S-trimer induced high SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers and protected from virus replication in the lung following SARS-CoV-2 challenge. In addition, the long-term neutralizing antibody response induced by S-trimer vaccine adjuvanted by PIKA could neutralize multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and there is no obvious different among the SARS- CoV-2 variants of interest or concern, including B.1.351, B.1.1.7, P.1, B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants. These data support the utility of S-trimer protein adjuvanted by PIKA as a potential vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Microplastics in fecal samples of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) and from surface water in the Philippines
Authors: Yong Mila Mi Hua , Leistenschneider Clara , Miranda Joni Anne , Paler Maria Kristina , Legaspi Christine , Germanov Elitza , Araujo Gonzalo , Burkhardt-Holm Patricia , Erni-Cassola Gabriel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMarine plastic abundance has increased over the past 60 years and microplastics (< 5 mm) constitute a primary component of such litter. Filter-feeding megafauna, such as the whale shark, might be particularly affected by microplastic pollution as their feeding mode requires filtration of up to thousands of cubic meters of water. In addition, the habitat range of whale sharks intersects with several recognized microplastic pollution hotspots, among which is the Coral Triangle. Direct evidence for microplastic ingestion in whale sharks however, has not yet been presented. Here we show that whale shark scat collected in the Philippines from 2012 to 2019 contained a mean of 2.8 microplastics g− 1. Contrary to our expectations, the microplastic concentration in the scat remained consistent from 2012 to 2019. Water samples from the study site in 2019 indicated that the local microplastic pollution (5.83 particles m− 3) was higher than in surface waters in other whale shark habitats, but well below other pollution hot-spots found in Southeast Asia and China (range: 100–4100 particles m− 3). With the predicted growth in plastic use, leading to increased plastic marine pollution, whale sharks are expected to become more exposed to this form of pollution. To what extent microplastic ingestion impacts the overall health status of this endangered species remains an open question.
Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 hosts among Brazilian mammals and new coronavirus transmission chain using evolutionary bioinformatics
Authors: Lopes Luciano Rodrigo , de Mattos Cardillo Giancarlo , de Lucca Pina Natália Carvalho , da Silva Junior Antonio Carlos , Kasinski Silvana Kertzer , Bandiera-Paiva Paulo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 are thought to transmit to humans via wild mammals, especially bats. However, evidence for direct bat-to-human transmission is lacking. Involvement of intermediate hosts is considered a reason for SARS-CoV-2 transmission to humans and emergence of outbreak. Large biodiversity is found in tropical territories, such as Brazil. On the similar line, this study aimed to predict potential coronavirus hosts among Brazilian wild mammals based on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) sequences using evolutionary bioinformatics. Cougar, maned wolf, and bush dogs were predicted as potential hosts for coronavirus. These indigenous carnivores are philogenetically closer to the known SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 hosts and presented low ACE2 divergence. A new coronavirus transmission chain was developed in which white-tailed deer, a susceptible SARS-CoV-2 host, have the central position. Cougar play an important role because of its low divergent ACE2 level in deer and humans. The discovery of these potential coronavirus hosts will be useful for epidemiological surveillance and discovery of interventions that can contribute to break the transmission chain.
How do hospice nurses prepare to give end-of-life care? A grounded theory study of nurses in one UK hospice
Authors: Griffith Sue , Gelling Leslie 
Published: September 2021

Background:Literature for preparing hospice nurses to deliver end-of-life care is sparse.Aim:To investigate how nurses in one UK hospice prepared to deliver end-of-life care in their role.Methods:A classic grounded theory approach was used to investigate the experiences of 22 registered nurses in one UK hospice, to discover how they prepared for their role. A total of 17 individual interviews and one focus group were conducted. Constant comparison of data and member checking were performed to establish validity.Findings:Findings were synthesised into five categories: the ‘shared ideal’, feeling good at the job, making a difference, experience/exposure to hospice work and the importance of role models. The shared ideal formed the core category, which explained how hospice nurses feel a sense of ‘fit’ with their work.Conclusion:The feeling of a nurse feeling well-suited to the work and that there the work was a good ‘fit’ for them was identified as a core element to nurses' feelings of preparedness to provide end-of-life care.
Using Death Cafés as a method for discussing death and dying with third year student nurses
Authors: Mitchell Theresa , Nyatanga Brian , Lillyman Sue , Bruce Mary , Bryane Sue 
Published: September 2021

Background: Death Cafés are increasingly being held to facilitate discussions around death and dying and end-of-life issues with the public. They are thought to provide a safe, confidential and interactive space in which sensitive and supportive conversations about death and dying and end-of-life are shared. Aim: To explore nursing students' experiences of participating in a modified Death Café and its impact on their learning about death and dying. Methodology: A qualitative interpretive approach was employed using face-to-face semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of third year student nurse volunteers. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes. Findings: Students viewed the modified Death Cafés positively, reporting that they were stimulating, informative and worthwhile for discussing sensitive topics related to death and dying. Five themes were developed from interview data: anticipation of the Death Cafés; timing of the Death Cafés within the curriculum; facilitation; trust within the group and getting involved; and reflection on, and for, practice. Conclusion: Students voiced a preference to disclose their feelings about death to an expert facilitator in the more informal environment of a Death Café because they thought they might be judged by their nursing lecturers. Effective facilitation of a Death Café session is critical to encourage self-scrutiny and disclosure by students, and the modified Death Café sessions achieved this. Implications: It is expected that students may feel vulnerable while participating in a Death Café, but it is important that the sessions enable students to be open about their feelings about death and the reciprocal sharing of inner thoughts and feelings about death and dying.
Teaching palliative care skills via simulation-based learning
Authors: Hamdoune Meryem , Gantare Abdellah 
Published: September 2021

Background: The scarcity of palliative care (PC) services in Morocco, and their absence in Settat, limits the opportunities for nursing students at the Higher Institute of Health Sciences (HIHS) to benefit from clinical placements. As a consequence of this, most students feel underprepared to care for patients with PC needs. Aim: The purpose of this study is to share a simulation-based learning experience in a PC context and to evaluate the effectiveness of this learning method. Methods: The simulation experience took place in the simulation centre of the HIHS and involved 20 nursing students in their second year. The main goal of the simulation session was to simulate the support given to patients going through the five stages of grief. A post-simulation survey was conducted to explore the nursing students reflections on this learning experience. Findings: The simulation is recommended as a powerful learning approach to compensate for the lack of PC clinical placements available to nursing students. Conclusion: The simulation-based training was an excellent opportunity for nursing students to experience caring for patients in extreme end-of life-situations, which was not possible before due to the lack of specialised PC services.
Simultaneous nonlinear wavelength and mode conversion for high-brightness blue sources
Authors: Lindberg Robert , Liu Xiao , Zukauskas Andrius , Ramachandran Siddharth , Pasiskevicius Valdas 
Published: September 2021

We investigate frequency doubling of focused Bessel-like higher order
fiber modes in a one-dimensionally quasi-phase matched structured KTP
crystal. A single higher-order fiber mode,

L
P

0
,
7

, was generated at 971 nm using a
fiber optical parametric amplifier pumped by sub-nanosecond pulses at
1064 nm. Frequency doubling to 485.5 nm was achieved with a maximum
conversion efficiency of 48%, which produced a highly structured blue
beam without any brightness improvement with respect to the
fundamental beam. By optimizing the phase mismatch, we also
experimentally demonstrate clean on-axis conversion—resulting from
cascaded

χ

(
2
)

:

χ

(
2
)

processes, which is in good agreement
with our numerical simulations, that give rise to brightness
enhancement.
One-dimensional interferometric Rayleigh scattering velocimetry using a virtually imaged phased array
Authors: Krishna Yedhu , Luo Xinguang , Magnotti Gaetano 
Published: September 2021

One-dimensional interferometric Rayleigh scattering velocimetry is demonstrated using a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA). A continuous-wave laser emitting at 532 nm is used as the source, and a low-noise CCD camera is used as the detector. The VIPA has a free spectral range of 15 GHz and is coated for the wavelength range 500–600 nm. Velocity measurements at different flow rates show an accuracy of 10 m/s. Demonstration of high-speed flow velocity measurement is conducted in a jet of air through a contoured converging nozzle. Factors considered for the optimization of the system are discussed along with possibilities of extending the strategy to other measurement techniques.
Avances y desafos en la clasificacin de imgenes provenientes de las cmaras de vigilancia volcnica.
Authors: Ospina Caicedo Carlos Alberto , Narvaez Zúñiga Andrés 
Published: September 2021

El monitoreo volcánico exige oportunidad en el análisis de la información para lograr un acertado diagnóstico, sin embargo, se cuenta con un volumen considerable y una heterogeneidad de datos que pueden volver insostenible su manejo e interpretación para la toma de decisiones en momento de crisis volcánica.
En la actualidad el Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC) cuenta con 30 cámaras para la vigilancia volcánica instaladas en 24 volcanes activos, transmitiendo imágenes cada minuto o cada 5 minutos alcanzando alrededor de 40.000 imágenes por día (14.6 millones por año). Extraer la mayor cantidad de información posible de estas imágenes y hacerlo de forma organizada nos posibilita una mayor oportunidad y certeza frente a un eventual cambio o escenario en la actividad volcánica (estado y comportamiento).
Adicionalmente hay otras razones que dificultan el proceso de organización de estas imágenes como son:
La complejidad de los fenómenos volcánicos estudiados.
La apropiación social de los conceptos sobre el fenómeno y cómo éstos se aplican al reconocimiento y clasificación de imágenes.
Las limitaciones intrínsecas de las imágenes (son discretas, campo de visión limitado, línea de vista dependiente de factores hidroclimáticos).
En este trabajo se presentan los avances obtenidos a la fecha en el desarrollo e implementación de la herramienta software llamada VolCAM, utilizada dentro del monitoreo e investigación volcánica para la clasificación, procesamiento, análisis de imágenes y descarga de contenido. Y además, se introducen los desafíos a los que se enfrentan los investigadores, dentro del procesamiento ulterior de la actividad superficial, para el diagnóstico y evaluación de la actividad volcánica, así como para la apropiación social del conocimiento geocientífico, dentro y fuera de la institución.
Pengukuran Parameter Bahan Organik Di Perairan Sungai Silugonggo, Kecamatan Juwana, Kabupaten Pati
Authors: Hasibuan Erick Samuel Frederico , Supriyantini Endang , Sunaryo Sunaryo 
Published: September 2021

Perairan Silugonggo merupakan area pemukiman warga dengan banyak aktivitas perikanan dan kelautan seperti: pertambakan, industri perikanan dan merupakan alur pelayaran. Tingginya aktivitas pemukiman dan industri akan menghasilkan limbah organik dalam jumlah besar. Bahan organik yang melimpah dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan bahan organik di perairan sungai Silugonggo, Kecamatan Juwana, Kabupaten Pati. Kandungan bahan organik diketahui melalui analisis parameter TOM (Total Organic Matter), BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) dan COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). Pengambilan sampel dilaksanakan pada tanggal 20 Desember 2019 dan 20 Januari 2020. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode kasus dengan pengamatan secara langsung di lapangan dan penentuan lokasi penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil pengukuran parameter penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai TOM sebesar 8,11 – 11,9 mg/L. Hasil pengukuran parameter (a) BOD5 sebesar 8,07 – 24,66 mg/L dan (b) COD sebesar 26,04 – 79,21 mg/L, hasil tersebut berada di bawah baku mutu yang ditetapkan menurut Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 51 Tahun 2004 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah. Tingginya nilai TOM dikarenakan banyaknya masukan limbah bahan organik dari aktivitas di perairan sungai Silugonggo, seperti: pertambakan, industri perikanan, dan alur pelayaran. Silugonggo waters is a residential area with many fishery and marine activities such as: aquaculture, fishing industry and shipping lanes. High residential and industrial activities will produce large amounts of organic waste. Abundant organic matter can cause environmental pollution. This study aims to determine the content of organic matter in the waters of the Silugonggo River, Juwana District, Pati Regency. The content of organic matter is known through parameter analysis of TOM (Total Organic Matter), BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). Sampling was carried out on December 20, 2019 and January 20, 2020. The method used in this study used the method of direct observation in the field and the date of the research location using the purposive sampling method. The results of the measurement of research parameters were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that the TOM value was 8.11–11.9 mg/L. Parameter measurement results (a) BOD5 of 8.07–24.66 mg/L and (b) COD of 26.04–79.21 mg/L, these results are below the quality standard stipulated according to the Decree of the Minister of the Environment No. 51 of 2004 concerning Wastewater Quality Standards. The high value of TOM is due to the large number of inputs of organic matter from activities in the waters of the Silugonggo river, such as: aquaculture, fishing industry, and shipping lanes.
Potensi Padang Lamun (Thalassia hemprichii) Sebagai Penyimpan dan Penyerap Karbon di Pantai Krakal, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Pramesti Rini , Subagiyo Subagiyo , Setyati Wilis Ari , Buana Titis 
Published: September 2021

Padang lamun merupakan ekosistem pesisir yang mampu menyimpan dan menyerap karbon melalui proses fotosintesis yang disimpan dalam bentuk biomassa dan disimpan di akar, rhizome dan daun sehingga dapat mengurangi gas CO2 di udara. Ekosistem ini belum banyak diperhatikan fungsinya dibandingkan dengan ekosistem darat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kerapatan, tutupan lamun dan serapan karbon dalam biomassa berupa jaringan atas substrat dan bawah substrat. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2018 di Pantai Krakal - Yogyakarta. Identifikasi jenis lamun dengan buku panduan seagrasswatch, kerapatan dan tutupan dengan metode line transect quadrant. Analisis kandungan karbon menggunakan metode pengabuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lokasi ini memiliki biomassa di bagian atas 7,36 – 9,92 gbk/m2 dan bagian bawah 39,36 – 95,68 gbk/m2. Kedua bagian ini mampu menyimpan dan menyerap karbon rata-rata sebesar 30,42 ± 13,85 gC/m2 dan 0,2 ± 0,06 gC/d/m2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan padang lamun di lokasi ini mampu menyimpan dan menyerap karbon meskipun dalam jumlah yang kecil. Seagrass beds are coastal ecosystems capable of absorbing and storing carbon through photosynthesis and stored of roots, rhizomes and leaves that it can reduce CO2 gas in the air. The function of this ecosystem has not been given much attention compared to the terrestrial ecosystem. The research was studied to determine density, cover of seagrass and carbon uptake in biomass of the upper and lower substrate. The research was carried in November 2018 at Krakal Beach - Yogyakarta. Identification of the type seagrass was carried by seagrasswatch manual, the density and cover was carried by the line transect quadrant method. The carbon content was analysis by the ashing method. The results was showed that this location has a biomass at the top of 7.36 - 9.92 gbk/m2 and the bottom of 39.36 - 95.68 gbk/m2. Both of these parts are able to store and absorb carbon are average of 30.42 ± 13.85 gC/m2 and 0.2 ± 0.06 gC/d/m2. The results showed that the seagrass beds on this beach were able to store and absorb of carbon with small amounts.
Pemetaan Bahaya Tsunami Wilayah Kabupaten Serang Bagian Barat Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis
Authors: Paramita Padma , Wiguna Sesa , Shabrina Fathia Zulfati , Sartimbul Aida 
Published: September 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki potensi tinggi akan kejadian tsunami. Salah satu wilayah tersebut adalah Kabupaten Serang bagian barat. Saat ini evolusi teknologi penginderaan jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membantu upaya mitigasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi tsunami dan menyediakan peta bahaya tsunami sebagai salah satu upaya mitigasi bencana berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) berdasarkan panduan dari Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode matematis yang dikembangkan oleh Berryman-2006. Metode ini merupakan metode yang sederhana namun cukup akurat dalam memperkirakan daerah yang berpotensi terdampak tsunami. Data Digital Elevation Model (DEM) dan shapefile rupa bumi yang bersumber dari Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) Indonesia merupakan data utama yang digunakan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa potensi bahaya tsunami di Kabupaten Serang bagian barat terdiri dari 3 kelas yaitu kelas rendah, sedang, dan tinggi yang didominasi oleh kelas bahaya tinggi dengan total luas area terdampak sebesar 377,64 ha. Peta bahaya tsunami ini selanjutnya dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu basis informasi dalam perencanaan mitigasi bencana di Kabupaten Serang. Indonesia is a country that has a high potential for tsunami events. One of these areas is the western part of Serang Regency. Currently, the evolution of remote sensing technology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be utilized to assist mitigation efforts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential for tsunamis and provide a tsunami hazard map as one of the efforts to mitigate disasters based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on guidelines from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). The method used in this research is a mathematical method developed by Berryman-2006. This method is a simple but fairly accurate method for estimating areas potentially affected by a tsunami. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and the shapefile of the earth's appearance sourced from the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) are the main data used. The results of the analysis show that the potential tsunami hazard in the western part of Serang Regency consists of 3 classes, namely low, medium, and high classes which are dominated by high hazard classes with a total area of 377.64 ha affected. This tsunami hazard map can then be used as one of the information bases in disaster mitigation planning in Serang Regency.