bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-resolution distributions of O2 / Ar on the northern slope of the South China Sea and estimates of net community production
Authors: Qin Chuan , Zhang Guiling , Zheng Wenjing , Han Yu , Liu Sumei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The dissolved oxygen-to-argon ratio (O2∕Ar) in the oceanic mixed layer has been widely used to estimate net community production (NCP), which is the difference between gross primary production and community respiration; it is a measure of the strength of the biological pump. In order to obtain the high-resolution distribution of NCP and improve our understanding of its regulating factors in the slope region of the northern South China Sea (SCS), we conducted continuous measurements of dissolved O2, Ar, and CO2 with membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) during two cruises in October 2014 and June 2015. An overall autotrophic condition was observed in the study region in both cruises with an average Δ(O2∕Ar) of 1.1 % ± 0.9 % in October 2014 and 2.7 % ± 2.8 % in June 2015. NCP was on average 11.5 ± 8.7 mmol C m−2 d−1 in October 2014 and 11.6 ± 12.7 mmol C m−2 d−1 in June 2015. Correlations between dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), Δ(O2∕Ar), and NCP were observed in both cruises, indicating that NCP is subject to the nitrogen limitation in the study region. In June 2015, we observed a rapid response of the ecosystem to the episodic nutrient supply induced by eddies. Eddy-entrained shelf water intrusion, which supplied large amounts of terrigenous nitrogen to the study region, promoted NCP in the study region by potentially more than threefold. In addition, upwelling brought large uncertainties to the estimation of NCP in the core region of the cold eddy (cyclone) in June 2015. The deep euphotic depth in the SCS and the absence of correlation between NCP and the average photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) in the mixed layer in the autumn indicate that light availability may not be a significant limitation on NCP in the SCS. This study helps us to understand the carbon cycle in the highly dynamic shelf system.
Quem tem medo das imagens das crianças na pesquisa? – Contributos para a utilização de imagens na pesquisa com crianças
Authors: Fernandes Natalia , Guedes Caputo Stella 
Published: February 2021

A investigação com crianças, no âmbito dos estudos da criança, tem vindo a consolidar-se ao longo das últimas três décadas, sendo que neste percurso têm sido dados passos significativos para respeitar a imagem da criança enquanto sujeito ativo de direitos.
Alguns desses passos têm acentuado a importância de, nos processos de pesquisa, se respeitar, quer a autoria da criança, mobilizando para tal metodologias amigáveis que se sustentam nas linguagens diversas que as crianças utilizam para comunicar, quer a necessária proteção das mesmas, sendo a este propósito muito significativa a discussão sobre modos responsáveis de respeitar a criança, a visibilidade das suas vozes e imagens.
Neste texto pretendemos trazer uma discussão sobre modos de desenvolvimento de pesquisa com crianças, que respeitando a sua autoria, respeitem também a sua integridade e bem-estar.
Para tal, desenvolvemos uma reflexão inicial sobre métodos de pesquisa com crianças em geral e sobre metodologias visuais em particular e as necessárias articulações com uma relação ética indispensável em todo o processo de pesquisa. Questionamos, depois, os modos como os pesquisadores utilizam as imagens de crianças e com crianças, avançando com algumas tendências, decorrentes da análise desenvolvida à forma como as mesmas têm vindo a ser apresentadas nos relatórios de pesquisa, das quais destacamos a imagem da criança-fantasma, sustentando-se neste artigo a pungente necessidade de defender a imagem da criança-sujeito.
Apresentamos, finalmente, um conjunto de contributos que nos ajudem a pensar eticamente o uso de imagens na investigação com crianças, de modo a respeitarmos a criança enquanto participante e autora, num profundo respeito pelos seus direitos
Mapeamento geoecológico no Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos de Carajás/Pará-Brasil
Authors: Vidal Maria Rita , Levi dos Santos Mascarenhas Abraão 
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo classificar as tipologias das paisagens, lastreadas pela metodologia da Geoecologia das Paisagens, aplicada ao Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos de Carajás (PNCF), cartografando as unidades geoecológicas, associando-as a formações geomorfológicas, drenagem, fitofisionomias e ocorrência de mosaicos de solos. As bases metodológicas foram compostas a partir da Geoecologia das Paisagens associadas às técnicas dos sistemas geoinformativos. Como resultados, tem-se que a variação da topografia associada aos tipos de solos e clima pretérito determinam duas grandes fitofisionomias: formações florestais e formações hebáceo-arbustivas de cangas. Seis subunidades geoecológicas foram identificadas e classificadas no Parque: encostas florestadas com capão florestal denso, planalto dissecado com floresta ombrófila aberta, planalto dissecado com floresta ombrófila densa, depressões florestadas com Buritizal, platô com campo rupestre com canga couraçada, platô com campo rupestre de canga nodular. Conclui-se que o PNFC é composto de seis unidades geoecológicas com singularidades diversas e elevada geodiversidade, um tipo raro de geossistema que deve ser melhor estudado para desvendar suas complexidades.
Palavras-chave: Geoecologia das Paisagens, Sistema de Informação Geográfica, Parque Nacional Campos Ferruginosos.
A Covid-19 e sua dinâmica de propagação na rede urbana do Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Pereira Júnior Edilson Alves , Honório Sampaio José Eudázio , Brito Gomes Rafael 
Published: February 2021

A proposta deste texto é apreender algumas experiências da propagação do vírus SARS-CoV-2 no estado do Ceará a partir das tessituras de sua rede urbana. Parte-se da noção de que as circulações e as velocidades são importantes vetores de disseminação da Covid-19 no território, onde os fluxos de pessoas e objetos com diferentes frequências mantém relações variadas entre cidades de muitos tamanhos e funções. São interpretadas informações do Ministério da Saúde (IntegraSUS) e da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Ceará, segundo sua difusão no sistema urbano. Por ler as descontinuidades espaciais e indicar um plano de observação que salta escalas e articula pontos alinhados em função de suas interações espaciais, a abordagem da rede urbana contribui sobremaneira na visão que captura a densidade, a conectividade e a circulação, exatamente os fatores que se apresentam como responsáveis pela disseminação da doença.
Palavras-Chave: Covid-19, Rede Urbana, Ceará.
Qual o lugar da maternidade lésbica e bissexual na escola?
Authors: Mochi Luciene Celina Cristina , Moreira Ana Rosa Costa Picanço 
Published: February 2021

A existência das famílias formadas por mulheres lésbicas e bissexuais desafia a heterossexualidade compulsória e, por conseguinte, questiona o modelo de família tradicionalmente reproduzido pelas instituições sociais, especialmente a escola. Essa composição familiar binária que conserva como matriz de família ideal aquela composta pelo pai, mãe e filhas/os, parece perseverar ao lado de mudanças e desmembramentos ocorridos nas configurações familiares desde a década de 1970. Nesta perspectiva, é no contexto escolar que a chegada das crianças filhas de mães lésbicas e bissexuais rompe com a lógica binária promovendo outras possibilidades de conceber e viver em famílias. Ao considerar este debate, o presente artigo tem como objetivo problematizar o lugar que as mães lésbicas e bissexuais ocupam no contexto escolar. Para tanto, organizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica pautada nas Teorias Feministas e nos estudos sobre as Relações de Gênero. Nas considerações finais, apresentam-se justificativas que contribuem com investigações científicas interessadas na perspectiva das relações entre a escola e as famílias.
As aventuras de Joana D’arc
Authors: Polizel Alexandre Luiz , Soares Sara Silva , Pricinotto Gustavo 
Published: February 2021

Ao considerar a educação pelo mote da cultura, compreende-se que os diferentes artefactos culturais produzem efeitos pedagógicos nos sujeitos, ou seja, estes modalizam modos de aprender, ensinar e compreender o mundo. Na busca pela compreensão do ser mulher cientista no Brasil, e de como estes corpos que não se faziam vistos, a professora Joana D’Arc é trazida a cena como ícone afirmativo da minoridade nas ciências. Mulher, negra, periférica e cientista. Todavia, por seus traços identitários e pelo protagonismo nas mídias um conjunto de veiculações discursivas a colocam como uma figura de ‘controvérsa’. De tal cenário deriva este trabalho, que tem por objetivo traçar as linhas de produção da imagem da Prof. Dra. Joana D’arc e de sua representação. Para tal são levantadas notícias que retratem a história da mesma, visando o levantamento de seus títulos como síntese destas narrativas sob a óptica dos Estudos Culturais das Ciências e Educação.
Het Toezichtkader Goed Bestuur: van toegevoegde waarde of gereed voor ‘ontregeling’?
Authors: van Schelven B.A. 
Published: February 2021

Het Toezichtkader Goed Bestuur: van toegevoegde waarde of gereed voor ‘ontregeling’?
In dit artikel wordt onderzocht welke rol het Toezichtkader 2016 speelde in het toezicht van de IGJ op de governance van zorginstellingen en of het nieuwe Toezichtkader 2020 de IGJ voldoende handvatten biedt om te voorzien in de politieke en maatschappelijke wens tot een steviger extern sluitstuk op de governance van zorginstellingen.
Methodology for the Evaluation of the Electrical Energy Potential of Residual Biomass from the Wood Industry: A Case Study in Brazil
Authors: César de Mendonça Brasil Augusto 
Published: February 2021

This chapter presents in a consolidated manner the step-by-step methodology to estimate the electrical energy potential of industrial wood residues considering the dependency of the efficiency of the power plants with their size. A function of the overall efficiency with power was obtained from a best curve fit of real data both taken from the literature and from Brazilian biomass-fired power plants. The methodology was applied to the determination of the electrical energy potential of wood industry residues in the State of Pará (data collected in 2004). Two cases were analyzed: one where a constant electrical efficiency of 25% was considered (independently of the amount of residues generated) and another where the proposed function of efficiency with power was used. Results show that in the State of Pará, the existent 675 sawmills generated 2.95 × 106 t in dry basis. When the dependency of efficiency with plant size is not considered, the electrical energy potential and average installed power (3140.4 GWh and 2 MWe) are overestimated in comparison to the herein proposed methodology (1868.8 GWh and 1 MWe). The present methodology, considering the efficiency as a function of the power, results in an average efficiency of 12.3% (lower than 25%).
Primary Nodal Gastrinomas
Authors: Herrmann Marille E. , Ciesla Marlyn C. , Chejfec Gregorio , DeJong Steven A. , Yong Sherri L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background.—The term primary lymph node gastrinoma was first used to describe a group of patients with gastrin-producing tumors present in lymph nodes located in a well-defined anatomic region. The patients had no known primary tumors in the pancreas or gastrointestinal tract and had disease-free survival for up to 18 years. The anatomic region in question has a triangular shape that extends from the cystic and common bile ducts to the second and third portion of the duodenum and the neck and body of the pancreas. The term gastrinoma triangle was coined to identify the area; in addition, it was postulated that lymph nodes located in the gastrinoma triangle normally contained neuroendocrine cells capable of secreting gastrin and other neuropeptides. From its inception, the postulate became the subject of controversy.
Design.—To extend previous observations, we examined the lymph nodes located in the gastrinoma triangle of 20 autopsy cases for the presence of neuroendocrine cells, as determined by immunohistochemistry, using antibodies to a panneuroendocrine substance (eg, synaptophysin) and a specific neuropeptide (eg, gastrin). Scanning for positive cells was performed by 2 observers (M.E.H. and M.C.C.). We compared the findings in these lymph nodes with lymph nodes obtained from axillary and inguinal dissections during surgical procedures.
Results.—In all, 417 lymph nodes were studied. Five of the 20 gastrinoma triangle cases contained synaptophysin reactive cells, whereas 3 had gastrin reactive cells. None of the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes contained neuroendocrine cells.
Conclusion.—Our findings support the hypothesis of entrapment of neuroendocrine cells during development and the presence of primary nodal gastrinomas.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Enzyme Immunoassay in Detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in Different Female Genitourinary Specimens
Authors: Chan Edward L. , Brandt Ken , Stoneham Heather , Antonishyn Nick , Horsman Greg B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background.—In high-volume laboratories, enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is the most commonly used method of detecting Chlamydia trachomatis. The optimal specimen for detecting C trachomatis is a combined urethral and cervical swab.
Objective.—To compare EIA with the combined urethral and cervical swab with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on urine alone and urine mixed with cervical cells.
Patients and Methods.—Phase 1 of the study included 752 sets of specimens used for comparison. In phase 2, another 212 samples of urine and urine plus cervical cells were added to the study for comparison of the 2 specimen types using PCR.
Results.—In phase 1, 648 samples were negative and 76 were positive by all 3 methods and specimen combinations. Enzyme immunoassay was able to detect 81 positive samples (10.8%), whereas PCR on urine alone detected 97 positive samples (12.9%) and PCR on urine plus cervical cells detected 102 positive samples (13.6%), giving a sensitivity of 75%, 93.3%, and 98.1% respectively. In phase 2, PCR on urine alone detected 119 positive samples (12.3%) and PCR on urine plus cervical cells detected 127 positive samples (13.1%), with a sensitivity of 92.2% and 98.5%, respectively.
Conclusion.—Polymerase chain reaction on urine alone or urine plus cervical cells is superior to EIA on combined cervical and urethral swabs. There is a slight advantage of adding cervical cells to the urine compared with the urine specimen alone when PCR is used as the assay for detection. The total inhibition rate in our female population is only 3.1% when PCR is used.
Increased Midkine Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kato Masako , Shinozawa Takao , Kato Shinsuke , Awaya Akira , Terada Tadashi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContext.—Midkine (MK) is a novel heparin-binding growth factor whose gene was identified in embryonal carcinoma cells in early stages of retinoic acid–induced differentiation.Objective.—To examine the overexpression of MK in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods.—Seventy-seven primary HCC specimens from patients aged 17 to 72 years (63 men and 14 women) were examined. Histologically, 16 cases of HCC were classified as the well-differentiated type, 50 cases as the moderately differentiated type, and 11 cases as the poorly differentiated type. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using a rat immunoglobulin G2a monoclonal antibody against the carboxyl terminal region of human MK. In situ hybridization was also performed on 20 HCC samples.Results.—We successfully applied this monoclonal antibody against MK to analyze archival paraffin sections. The cancer tissues showed a positive reaction to this antibody, in which there was an intense reaction in their cytoplasm. Approximately one third of the individuals with HCC (26/77) had tumor cells that expressed MK, and these were classified into the following types: moderately differentiated (20/50), well differentiated (3/16), and poorly differentiated (3/11). The in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the signals of MK transcripts were found in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells; the distribution and localization of the MK transcripts' signals determined by in situ hybridization analysis were similar to those obtained by immunohistochemical analysis.Conclusions.—Hepatocellular carcinoma expressed increased MK at the messenger RNA and protein level.
Low-Grade Intraosseous Osteosarcoma With Prominent Lymphoid Infiltrate
Authors: Ostrowski Mary L. , Johnson Mark E. , Smith Paula D. , Chevez-Barrios Patricia , Spjut Harlan J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Low-grade intraosseous osteosarcoma is an uncommon and well-differentiated osteosarcoma with a good prognosis. We report a proximal tibial low-grade intraosseous osteosarcoma with a prominent intratumoral lymphoid infiltrate, which led to an initial diagnosis of probable malignant lymphoma. The importance of this infiltrate, which exhibited reactive features on flow cytometric studies, is not known. Our patient is free of tumor 1 year after limb salvage surgery, without hematologic or lymphoid abnormalities.
Identification of the Asexual State of Rhizopus Species on Histologic Tissue Sections in a Patient With Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis
Authors: Ciesla Marlyn C. , Kammeyer Patricia L. , Yeldandi Vijay , Petruzzelli Guy J. , Yong Sherri L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mucormycosis is an infection caused by a group of fungi in the order Mucorales in the phylum Zygomycota. The most well-known form of this disease is rhinocerebral mucormycosis, which usually develops in diabetic or immunocompromised patients. The fungal hyphal elements are easily detected in biopsy specimens by direct or histologic examination. However, the confirmatory identification of the genus or species requires culture of the specimen. This article presents a case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis in which presumptive identification of the genus was made without microbiologic cultures and was based on the extraordinarily rare appearance of fungal sporangia and sporangiospores in histologic tissue sections. Identification of these structures allowed an early and accurate diagnosis of rhinocerebral invasive mucormycosis.
Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury Secondary to Biologically Active Mediators
Authors: Lenahan Susan E. , Domen Ronald E. , Silliman Christopher C. , Kingsley Charles P. , Romano Paula J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury is seen following the transfusion of blood components. The reported incidence is approximately 1 in 2000 transfusions. Clinically, it is similar to adult respiratory distress syndrome. The pathophysiology is unclear but has been attributed to HLA antibodies, granulocyte antibodies, and more recently to biologically active mediators in stored blood components. We report a case with laboratory evidence that supports the role of biologically active mediators in the pathogenesis of transfusion-related acute lung injury. To our knowledge, the case reported here is the first to use lipid extractions of patient samples to determine that lipid-priming activity was present at the time transfusion-related acute lung injury was identified clinically.
A Case of Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis With Linear Immunoglobulin G Staining of the Glomerular Capillary Walls
Authors: Sethi Sanjeev , Adeyi Oyedele A. , Rennke Helmut G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report a case of crescentic glomerulonephritis that presented with extensive crescent formation and fibrinoid necrosis in the glomeruli. Immunofluorescence staining was strongly positive for linear and pseudolinear staining of the capillary walls for immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the absence of significant mesangial staining. Histologic examination and immunofluorescence staining suggested a diagnosis of anti–glomerular basement membrane disease. However, electron microscopy showed the presence of numerous fibrillary deposits in the subepithelial areas of the glomerular capillary walls, supporting the diagnosis of fibrillary glomerulonephritis. Test results for circulating anti–glomerular basement membrane antibodies were negative. We report this interesting case to illustrate the point that fibrillary glomerulonephritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of crescentic glomerulonephritis with linear and pseudolinear IgG deposits within the capillary walls. In such cases, electron microscopy is critical in differentiating the cause of crescentic glomerulonephritis.
Combined Tall Cell Carcinoma and Hürthle Cell Carcinoma (Collision Tumor) of the Thyroid
Authors: Baloch Zubair W. , Mandel Susan , LiVolsi Virginia A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tall cell carcinoma and Hürthle cell carcinoma are 2 aggressive forms of differentiated follicular-derived thyroid carcinomas. We present a case where these malignant tumors of thyroid coexisted. The tumor originated in the thyroid as a mixed tumor and metastasized as a tall cell tumor to the lymph nodes and as a Hürthle cell carcinoma to lungs. The coexistence of these tumor types is rare and sheds light on the histogenesis of Hürthle cell tumors and the metastatic behavior of combined tumors.
Urinary β2-Microglobulin Masquerading as a Bence Jones Protein
Authors: Handy Beverly C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBence Jones proteinuria, a common clinical manifestation of multiple myeloma, can also be seen in patients with other B-cell–derived neoplasms. Measurement of pretreatment levels is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis and staging of multiple myeloma, whereas serial levels reflect response to therapy. Serum concentrations of β2-microglobulin, a small-molecular-weight protein associated with the major histocompatibility complex class I antigens, are often elevated in hematopoietic neoplasms and are also commonly measured at baseline, before treatment, and serially throughout therapy in patients with multiple myeloma and other lymphoproliferative disorders as a marker of tumor burden. Urinary concentrations, however, are considered an indicator of renal tubular function. High urinary levels are found in tubular proteinuria, a frequent sequela of long-standing multiple myeloma. A case is described in which a high urinary concentration of β2-microglobulin interfered with Bence Jones protein quantification by electrophoresis studies.
Recurrent Breast Carcinoma Arising in a Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap
Authors: Chung Sun M. , Shin Sandra J. , Chen Xia , Rosen Paul Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Reconstruction after mastectomy for breast carcinoma with implants or myocutaneous flaps is a widely used surgical technique. Recurrence of breast carcinoma after these procedures is uncommon. Most recurrences occur in the skin or scar site of the mastectomy and are readily detectable by physical examination. There are rare reported cases of recurrent carcinoma occurring within the flaps that are usually diagnosed with the aid of imaging and subsequent pathologic examination. In most cases, these recurrences represent invasive or in situ ductal carcinoma. We report an additional 2 cases of breast carcinoma recurring within the myocutaneous flap, both of which exhibited uncommon histologic features not previously reported.