bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental pulp stem cells as a therapy for congenital entero-neuropathy
Authors: Yoshimaru Koichiro , Yamaza Takayoshi , Kajioka Shunichi , Sonoda Soichiro , Yanagi Yusuke , Matsuura Toshiharu , Yoshizumi Junko , Oda Yoshinao , Iwata Naoko , Takai Chiho , Nakayama Shinsuke , Taguchi Tomoaki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hirschsprung’s disease is a congenital entero-neuropathy that causes chronic constipation and intestinal obstruction. New treatments for entero-neuropathy are needed because current surgical strategies have limitations5. Entero-neuropathy results from enteric nervous system dysfunction due to incomplete colonization of the distal intestine by neural crest-derived cells. Impaired cooperation between the enteric nervous system and intestinal pacemaker cells may also contribute to entero-neuropathy. Stem cell therapy to repair these multiple defects represents a novel treatment approach. Dental pulp stem cells derived from deciduous teeth (dDPSCs) are multipotent cranial neural crest-derived cells, but it remains unknown whether dDPSCs have potential as a new therapy for entero-neuropathy. Here we show that intravenous transplantation of dDPSCs into the Japanese Fancy-1 mouse, an established model of hypoganglionosis and entero-neuropathy, improves large intestinal structure and function and prolongs survival. Intravenously injected dDPSCs migrate to affected regions of the intestine through interactions between stromal cell-derived factor-1α and C-X-C chemokine receptor type-4. Transplanted dDPSCs differentiate into both pacemaker cells and enteric neurons in the proximal colon to improve electrical and peristaltic activity. Our findings indicate that transplanted dDPSCs can differentiate into different cell types to correct entero-neuropathy-associated defects.
A theory of viscoelastic crack growth-Revisited
Authors: Schapery Richard A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A theory of viscoelastic crack growth developed nearly five decades ago is generalized to express traction in the so-called fracture process zone or failure zone as a function of the crack opening displacement (COD). In earlier work, except for minor exceptions, traction was specified as a function of location. The new model leads to a nonlinear double integral that has to be solved for the COD before crack growth can be predicted. First, a closed-form, accurate approximation is found for a linear elastic body. We then show that this COD may be easily and accurately extended to linear viscoelasticity using a realistic, broad spectrum creep compliance. An analytical relationship connecting the stress intensity factor to crack speed then follows. Consistent with earlier work, it is defined almost entirely by the creep compliance. Five different failure zone tractions are employed; their differences are shown to have little effect on crack growth other than through a speed shift factor. The Appendix discusses initiation of growth.
A Novel Depreciation Approach in an Uncertain Environment: Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets in Maritime
Authors: AKAN Ercan , KİRACI Kasım 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aims to propose a novel model for the determination of depreciation in an environment of uncertainty. In the study, amortization methods were revised through Interval Type-2 Fuzzy (IT2FSs), and a new approach was proposed for investors to make decisions in an environment of cash flow is uncertainty. In the study, we provide options among different depreciation alternatives in the future investment decisions of maritime companies through the revision of the straight-line depreciation method and the double-declining balance depreciation method. The fuzzy depreciation alternatives we suggest in our study are not only suitable for maritime companies, but also companies in different industries.
Low adherence to pneumococcal vaccination in lung cancer patients in a tertiary care university hospital in Southern Germany
Authors: Mohr Arno , Kloos Mia , Schulz Christian , Pfeifer Michael , Salzberger Bernd , Bauernfeind Stilla , Hitzenbichler Florian , Plentz Annelie , Koch Myriam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the adherence to vaccinations, especially pneumococcal vaccinations, in lung cancer patients.MethodsThe study was performed at the University Hospital Regensburg, Germany. All patients with a regular appointment scheduled between December 1, 2020, and April 29, 2021, and who provided informed consent were included. Available medical records, vaccination certificates and a questionnaire were analyzed.Results136 lung cancer patients (NSCLC n = 113, 83.1%, SCLC n = 23, 16.9%) were included. A correct pneumococcal vaccination according to national recommendations was performed in 9.4% (12/127) of patients.A correct vaccination was performed for tetanus in 50.4% (6/131), diphtheria in 34.4% (44/128), poliomyelitis in 25.8% (33/128), tick-borne encephalitis in 40.7% (24/59), hepatitis A in 45.5% (7/11), hepatitis B in 38.5% (5/13), shingles in 3.0% (3/101), measles in 50.0% (3/6), pertussis in 47.7% (62/130), influenza in 54.4% (74/136) and meningococcal meningitis in 0% (0/2).ConclusionAdherence to pneumococcal vaccinations, as well as other vaccinations, is rather low in lung cancer patients.
Efficacy of Subtenon 20-mg Triamcinolone Injection Versus 0.1% Dexamethasone Eye Drops For Controlling Inflammation After Phacoemulsification: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Choopong Pitipol , Taetrongchit Nuttacha , Boonsopon Sutasinee , Nimkarn Atchariya , Srisukkosa Kanyapag , Chonpimai Pratuangsri , Nujoi Waree , Maneephagaphun Krissana , Panyayingyong Noppakhun , Tesavibul Nattaporn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A prospective randomized control trial of 140 eyes from 140 patients, who underwent phacoemulsification, was conducted to compare the efficacy of subtenon corticosteroids injection with corticosteroids eye drops for controlling postoperative intraocular inflammation. Seventy patients received subtenon 20-mg triamcinolone injection (TA group), whereas the other 70 patients received 0.1% dexamethasone eye drops (Dexa group) after the uneventful surgeries. We examined and measured anterior chamber inflammation (ACI) score, laser flare-cell metering, conjunctival redness, pain, discomfort, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and central foveal thickness on 1, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days postoperatively. At one month after the surgery, full recovery (zero ACI score) was found in 43 patients (63.20%) in the Dexa group versus 47 patients (68.10%) in the TA group (p=0.55). There were no statistically differences in aqueous cells (p=0.37) and flare (p=0.86) between the two groups at one month. All participants experienced no serious adverse events. In conclusion, we found no statistically significant difference between subtenon 20-mg triamcinolone injection and 0.1% dexamethasone eye drop to control inflammation postoperatively. A single subtenon 20-mg triamcinolone injection could be an alternative anti-inflammatory treatment for an uneventful phacoemulsification.
Efficacy of Ginsenoside Rg3 Nanoparticles Against Ehrlich Solid Tumor Growth in Mice
Authors: El-Banna Mona A , Hendawy Omnia M , El-Nekeety Aziza A , Abdel-Wahhab Mosaad A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Solid tumors are fairly common and face many clinical difficulties since they are hardly surgically resectable and broadly do not respond to radiation and chemotherapy. The current study aimed to fabricate ginsenoside Rg3 nanoparticles (Rg3-NPs) and evaluate their antitumor effect against Ehrlich solid tumors (EST) in mice. Rg3-NPs were fabricated using whey protein isolates (WPI), maltodextrin (MD), and gum Arabic (GA). EST was developed by the injection of mice with Ehrlich ascites cells (2.5 x 106). The mice were divided into a control group, EST group, and the EST groups that were treated orally 2 weeks for with normal Rg3 (3 mg/kg b.w), Rg3-NPs at a low dose (3 mg/kg b.w), and Rg3-NPs at a high dose (6 mg/kg b.w). Serum and solid tumors were collected for different assays. The results revealed that synthesized Rg3-NPs showed a spherical shape with an average particle size of 20 nm and zeta potential of -5.58 mV. The in vivo study revealed that EST mice showed a significant increase in AFP, Casp3, TNF-α, MMP-9, VEGF, MDA DNA damage accompanied by a significant decrease in SOD and GPx. Treatment with Rg3 or Rg3-NPs decreased the tumor weight and size and induced a significant improvement in all the biochemical parameters. Rg3-NPs were more effective than Rg3 and the improvement was dose-dependent. It could be concluded that fabrication of Rg3-NPs enhanced the protective effect against EST development which may be due to the synergistic effect of Rg3 and MD, GA, and WPI.
Methionine-stabilized nonclassical growth within self-assembled de novo gold nanoparticles in conjunction with secondary nucleation inhibition
Authors: Sahu Jitendra , Lone Shahbaz , Sadhu Kalyan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The key steps for seed mediated growth of noble metal nanoparticles involve primary and secondary nucleation, which depends upon the energy barrier and ligand supersaturation standards of the medium. Herein we report the unique case of methionine (Met) controlled growth reaction, which rather proceeds via impeding secondary nucleation in presence of citrate stabilized gold nanoparticle (AuNP). The interaction between freshly generated Au+ and thioether group of Met in the medium restricts the secondary nucleation process involving further Au+ reduction. This incomplete conversion of Au+ results in a significant enhancement of the zeta (ζ) potential even at low concentration of Met. Furthermore, the aurophilic interaction of Au+ controls the self-assembly process of the in situ generated emissive nucleated particles. Nucleation of primary particles on seed surface, their segregation and time dependent conversion to larger particles within self-assembly confirm the nonclassical growth, which has further been explored with Met containing bio-inspired peptides.
Global economic costs of herpetofauna invasions
Authors: Soto Ismael , Cuthbert Ross N. , Kouba Antonín , Capinha César , Turbelin Anna , Hudgins Emma J. , Diagne Christophe , Courchamp Franck , Haubrock Phillip J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Biological invasions by amphibian and reptile species (i.e. herpetofauna) are numerous and widespread and have caused severe impacts on ecosystems, the economy and human health. However, there remains no synthesised assessment of the economic costs of these invasions. Therefore, using the most comprehensive database on the economic costs of invasive alien species worldwide (InvaCost), we analyse the costs caused by invasive alien herpetofauna according to taxonomic, geographic, sectoral and temporal dimensions, as well as the types of these costs. The cost of invasive herpetofauna totaled 17.0 billion US$ between 1986 and 2020, divided between 6.3 billion US$ for amphibians, 10.4 billion US$ for reptiles and 334 million US$ for mixed classes. However, these costs were associated predominantly with only two species (brown tree snake Boiga irregularis and American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus), with 10.3 and 6.0 billion US$ in costs, respectively. Costs for the remaining 19 reported species were relatively minor (< 0.6 billion US$), and they were entirely unavailable for over 94% of known invasive herpetofauna worldwide. Also, costs were positively correlated with research effort, suggesting research biases towards well-known taxa. So far, costs have been dominated by predictions and extrapolations (79%), and thus empirical observations for impact were relatively scarce. The activity sector most affected by amphibians was authorities-stakeholders through management (> 99%), while for reptiles, impact was reported mostly through damages to mixed sectors (65%). Geographically, Oceania and Pacific Islands recorded 63% of total costs, followed by Europe (35%) and North America (2%). Cost reports have generally increased over time. A greater effort in studying the costs of invasive herpetofauna is necessary for a more complete understanding of invasion impacts of these species. We emphasise the need for greater control and prevention policies concerning the spread of current and future invasive herpetofauna.
Laser Intensity Profile Based Terahertz Field Enhancement from a Mixture of Nano-Particles Embedded in a Gas
Authors: Varshney Prateek , Singh Akhileshwar Prasad , Kundu Mrityunjay , Gopal Krishna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nano-particle embedded system plays an importance in developing of future terahertz (THz) radiation source for real-world applications. The laser interactions with nanoparticle embedded system can produce a wide range of THz radiation due to plasma oscillations excitation. We investigate THz field generation from the laser-beat wave interaction with a mixture of spherical and cylindrical graphite nanoparticles (NPs) in argon gas. Different laser intensity distributions such as Gaussian, cosh-Gaussian, flat-top and ring shape laser pulses have been studied in this work. The relevant plasmon resonance conditions with appropriate symmetry of spherical nanoparticles (SNPs) and cylindrical nanoparticles (CNPs) are discussed. THz field is enhanced upto the order of when the laser intensity redistributes along the polarization direction for a ring shape field envelope.
Characteristics of biological control and mechanisms of Pseudomonas chlororaphis zm-1 against peanut stem rot
Authors: Yang Shan , Xu Fenghua , Zhang Zhen , Lu Yifang , Liu Fengying , Zhang Juanmei , Wang Gang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPeanut stem rot is a serious plant disease that causes great economic losses. At present, there are no effective measures to prevent or control the occurrence of this plant disease. Biological control is one of the most promising plant disease control measures. In this study, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca strain zm-1, a bacterial strain with potential biocontrol properties isolated by our team from the rhizosphere soil of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, was studied to control this plant disease. MethodsWe prepared extracts of P. chlororaphis zm-1 extracellular antibacterial compounds (PECEs), determined their antifungal activities by confrontation assay, and identified their components by UPLC-MS/MS. The gene knockout strains were constructed by homologous recombination, and the biocontrol efficacy of P. chlororaphis zm-1 and its mutant strains were evaluated by pot experiments under greenhouse conditions and plot experiments, respectively. ResultsP. chlororaphis zm-1 could produce extracellular antifungal substances and inhibit the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii, the main pathogenic fungus causing peanut stem rot. The components of PECEs identified by UPLC-MS/MS showed that three kinds of phenazine compounds, i.e., 1-hydroxyphenazine, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), and the core phenazine, were the principal components. In particular, 1-hydroxyphenazine produced by P. chlororaphis zm-1 showed antifungal activities against S. rolfsii, but the previously reported 2-hydroxyphenazine did not. The extracellular compounds of two mutant strains, ΔphzH and ΔphzE, was analysed and showed that ΔphzE did not produce any phenazine compounds, and ΔphzH no longer produced 1-hydroxyphenazine but could still produce PCA and phenazine. Furthermore, the antagonistic ability of ΔphzH declined, and that of ΔphzE was almost completely abolished. According to the results of pot experiments under greenhouse conditions, the biocontrol efficacy of ΔphzH dramatically declined to 47.21% compared with that of wild-type P. chlororaphis zm-1 (75.63%). Moreover, ΔphzE almost completely lost its ability to inhibit S. rolfsii (its biocontrol efficacy was reduced to 6.19%). The results of the larger plot experiments were also consistent with these results. ConclusionsP. chlororaphis zm-1 has the potential to prevent and control peanut stem rot disease. Phenazines produced and secreted by P. chlororaphis zm-1 play a key role in the control of peanut stem rot caused by S. rolfsii. These findings provide a new idea for the effective prevention and treatment of peanut stem rot.
A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy of machine learning models on mammography in breast cancer classification
Authors: Hanis Tengku Muhammad , Islam Md Asiful , Musa Kamarul Imran 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this meta-analysis, we aimed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of machine learning models on digital mammograms and tomosynthesis in breast cancer classification and to assess factors affecting its diagnostic accuracy. We searched for related studies in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase. The studies were screened in two stages to exclude unrelated studies and duplicates. Finally, 36 studies containing 68 machine learning models were included in this meta-analysis. The area under the curve (AUC), hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) curve, pooled sensitivity and pooled specificity were estimated using a bivariate Reitsma model. Overall AUC, pooled sensitivity and pooled specificity were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.85–0.90), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78–0.87) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.81–0.87), respectively. Additionally, the three significant covariates identified in this study were country (p=0.003), source (p=0.002) and classifier (p=0.016). Additionally, Deeks’ linear regression test indicated that there exists a publication bias in the included studies (p=0.002). Thus, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Increased Generosity Under COVID-19 Threat
Authors: Fridman Ariel , Gershon Rachel , Gneezy Ayelet 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the face of crises – wars, pandemics, and natural disasters – both increased selfishness and increased generosity may emerge. In this paper, we study the relationship between the presence of COVID-19 threat and generosity using a four-year longitudinal dataset (N = 696,942) capturing real donations made before and during the pandemic, as well as six-months dictator game allocations (N = 1,003 participants) made during the early months of the pandemic. Consistent with the notion of “catastrophe compassion” (Zaki 2020), and contrary to prior research showing a tendency toward self-interested behavior under threat, individuals across both datasets exhibited greater financial generosity when their county experienced COVID-19 threat. While we find that the presence of threat impacted individual giving, behavior was not sensitive to threat level. Our findings have significant societal implications and advance our understanding of economic and psychological theories of social preferences under threat.
A New Design of Pressure Sensor Based on a GaAs-based Two Dimensional Photonic Crystal Slab on SiO2 Substrate
Authors: Norouzi Saeide , fasihi kiazand 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper reports the design and three dimensional (3D) simulation of a new photonic crystal (PC) pressure sensor. The device is constructed using a GaAs-based 2D PC slab on SiO2 substrate. The strain/stress simulations and also the spectral simulations are done using CST Studio Suite. In this investigation, the sensitivity of the proposed pressure sensor is calculated by considering the variation of the refractive index and also the deformation of the structure. The numerical results show that when pressure is applied, the refractive index variations cause an increment in the resonant wavelength of the transmission spectrum, but the deformation factor cause a decrease in the resonant wavelength. It has been shown that the relationship between the applied pressure and the resonant wavelength of the designed micro-cavity is linear. Based on the simulation results, the quality factor of the designed micro-cavity and the sensitivity of the pressure sensor are 2200 and 3.5 nm / GPa, respectively.
A community-based intervention approach to control disease outbreaks and climate-related deaths in communally raised goat kids in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Slayi Mhlangabezi , Zhou Leocadia , Tyasi Thobela Louis , Jaja Ishmael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A community-based intervention study was conducted, from April 2017 to March 2019, on 512 kids born from flocks of 30 purposively selected households in ten villages within Alice district of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of combined efforts from the research team and farmers to control disease outbreaks and climate change-related deaths. Diseases and climate-related deaths were diagnosed based on clinical signs, laboratory results and relevant necropsy records. One hundred and thirty two kids died in year-1, accounting for 56.17%, while sixty two kids died in year-2, accounting 22.38% for mortality rate. Seasonal prevalence of helminthosis (P=0.0058), diarrhea (P=0.0056) and acquired injuries (P=0.0044) to predatory attacks predisposed to various causes of mortalities. Tick loads were only recorded (P=0.0069) to kids older than 90 days. Death due to heartwater (P=<0.0001) was prevalent to kids older than 90 days during hot-dry and hot-wet seasons. Gastrointestinal problems (P=0.0024) were recorded throughout the year irrespective (P=0.0080) of the age group. Wound-related deaths were enrolled throughout (P= 0.0042) the four seasons. Kids younger than 45 days died from pneumonia (P=0.0003) and hypothermia (P=0.0058) during cold-dry months. Does in parity 1 were the only victims to abortions (P=0.0002), stillbirths (P=<0.0001) and dystocia (P=<0.0001). A decline in kid mortalities in year-2 indicates that the approach was a moderate success. However, this requires further consideration regarding affordability and accessibility prior to implementing the intervention model at a broader scale.
Engineered PAM-flexible FnCas9 variants for robust and specific genome editing and diagnostics
Authors: Acharya Sundaram , Ansari Asgar , Hirano Seiichi , Paul Deepanjan , Rauthan Riya , Kumar Manoj , Phutela Rhythm , Sarkar Sajal , Gulati Sneha , Mahato Sudipta , Maddileti Savitri , Pulimamidi Vinay , Mariappan Indumathi , Nishimasu Hiroshi , Nureki Osamu , Maiti Souvik , Chakraborty Debojyoti 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The clinical success of CRISPR therapies is dependent on the safety and efficacy ofCas proteins. The Cas9 from Francisella novicida (FnCas9) has negligible affinity formismatched substrates enabling it to discriminate off-targets in DNA with very highprecision even at the level of binding. However, its cellular targeting efficiency is low,limiting its use in therapeutic applications. Here, we rationally engineer the protein todevelop engineered(enFnCas9) variants with enhanced activity and expand its cellularediting activity to genomic loci previously inaccessible. Notably, some of the variantsrelease the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) constraint from NGG to NGR/NRGmaking them rank just below SpCas9-RY and SpCas9-NG in their accessibility acrosshuman genomic sites. The enFnCas9 proteins, similar to Cas12a and Cas12f, harborhigh intrinsic specificity and can diagnose single nucleotide variants accurately.Importantly, they provide superior outcomes in terms of editing efficiency, knock-inrates, and off-target specificity over other engineered high-fidelity versions of SpCas9(SpCas9-HF1 and eSpCas9). Broad targeting range coupled with remarkablespecificity of DNA interrogation underscores the utility of these variants for safe andefficient therapeutic gene correction across multiple cell lines and target loci.