bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Almond Consumption on Metabolic Risk Factors—Glucose Metabolism, Hyperinsulinemia, Selected Markers of Inflammation: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Madan Jagmeet , Desai Sharvari , Moitra Panchali , Salis Sheryl , Agashe Shubhada , Battalwar Rekha , Mehta Anushree , Kamble Rachana , Kalita Soumik , Phatak Ajay Gajanan , Udipi Shobha A. , Vaidya Rama A. , Vaidya Ashok B. 
Published: June 2021

A large percentage of the Indian population has diabetes or is at risk of pre-diabetes. Almond consumption has shown benefits on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. This study explored the effect of almond consumption on determinants of metabolic dysfunction—blood glucose, lipids, insulin and selected inflammatory markers in adolescents and young adults aged 16–25 years from Mumbai city. This randomized controlled trial was conducted for a period of 90 days on individuals with impaired levels of fasting glucose levels between 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) and 2-h post-glucose value 140–199 mg/dL (7.8–11.0 mmol/L) and/or fasting insulin (≥15 mIU/ml)/stimulated insulin (≥80 mIU/ml). Of 1,313 individuals screened, 421 met the inclusion criteria, of which 275 consented to participate and 219 completed the trial. The trial was registered with Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI) CTRI/2018/02/011927. The almonds group (n = 107) consumed 56 g almonds daily, the control group (n = 112) was provided an iso-caloric cereal-pulse based snack. At baseline and endline, blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, LDL-c, HDL-c, total and ox-cholesterol, triglycerides, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, adiponectin, leptin were measured and HOMA-IR and FG:FI ratios were calculated. Dietary intakes were assessed. The anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers as well as macronutrient intakes did not differ significantly between the two groups at baseline. Almond consumption significantly decreased HbA1c, total cholesterol and LDL-c. Stimulated insulin decreased post-intervention in both groups, but the decrease was greater in the almonds group. Fasting glucose was reduced post intervention in the controls with no change in the almonds group. FG:FI ratio decreased in the almonds group. TNF-α and IL-6 decreased in the almonds group, while it increased in the control group. Our results showed that almonds reduced HbA1c, LDL-c and total cholesterol levels in just 12 weeks of consumption in these adolescents and young adults who were at risk for developing diabetes. Almonds can be considered as part of food-based strategies for preventing pre-diabetes.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: CTRI/2018/02/011927.
Exploratory Analysis of 18F-3’-deoxy-3’-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) PET/CT-Based Radiomics for the Early Evaluation of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Fantini Lorenzo , Belli Maria Luisa , Azzali Irene , Loi Emiliano , Bettinelli Andrea , Feliciani Giacomo , Mezzenga Emilio , Fedeli Anna , Asioli Silvia , Paganelli Giovanni , Sarnelli Anna , Matteucci Federica 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate a set of radiomics-based advanced textural features extracted from 18F-FLT-PET/CT images to predict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (BC).Materials and MethodsPatients with operable (T2-T3, N0-N2, M0) or locally advanced (T4, N0-N2, M0) BC were enrolled. All patients underwent chemotherapy (six cycles every 3 weeks). Surgery was performed within 4 weeks of the end of NCT. The MD Anderson Residual Cancer Burden calculator was used to evaluate the pathological response. 18F-FLT-PET/CT was performed 2 weeks before the start of NCT and approximately 3 weeks after the first cycle. The evaluation of PET response was based on EORTC criteria. Standard uptake value (SUV) statistics (SUVmax, SUVpeak, SUVmean), together with 148 textural features, were extracted from each lesion. Indices that are robust against contour variability (ICC test) were used as independent variables to logistically model tumor response. LASSO analysis was used for variable selection.ResultsTwenty patients were included in the study. Lesions from 15 patients were evaluable and analyzed: 9 with pathological complete response (pCR) and 6 with pathological partial response (pPR). Concordance between PET response and histological examination was found in 13/15 patients. LASSO logistic modelling identified a combination of SUVmax and the textural feature index IVH_VolumeIntFract_90 as the most useful to classify PET response, and a combination of PET response, ID range, and ID_Coefficient of Variation as the most useful to classify pathological response.ConclusionsOur study suggests the potential usefulness of FLT-PET for early monitoring of response to NCT. A model based on PET radiomic characteristics could have good discriminatory capacity of early response before the end of treatment.
Nomogram for Predicting the Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism in Spinal Metastasis Tumor: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Hao-ran , Xu Ming-you , Yang Xiong-gang , Wang Feng , Zhang Hao , Yang Li , Qiao Rui-qi , Li Ji-kai , Zhao Yun-long , Zhang Jing-yu , Hu Yong-cheng 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionVenous thromboembolism can be divided into deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. These diseases are a major factor affecting the clinical prognosis of patients and can lead to the death of these patients. Unfortunately, the literature on the risk factors of venous thromboembolism after surgery for spine metastatic bone lesions are rare, and no predictive model has been established.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 411 cancer patients who underwent metastatic spinal tumor surgery at our institution between 2009 and 2019. The outcome variable of the current study is venous thromboembolism that occurred within 90 days of surgery. In order to identify the risk factors for venous thromboembolism, a univariate logistic regression analysis was performed first, and then variables significant at the P value less than 0.2 were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Finally, a nomogram model was established using the independent risk factors.ResultsIn the multivariate logistic regression model, four independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism were further screened out, including preoperative Frankel score (OR=2.68, 95% CI 1.78-4.04, P=0.001), blood transfusion (OR=3.11, 95% CI 1.61-6.02, P=0.041), Charlson comorbidity index (OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.27-3.17, P=0.013; OR=2.29, 95% CI 1.25-4.20, P=0.017), and operative time (OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.14-1.63, P=0.001). On the basis of the four independent influencing factors screened out by multivariate logistic regression model, a nomogram prediction model was established. Both training sample and validation sample showed that the predicted probability of the nomogram had a strong correlation with the actual situation.ConclusionThe prediction model for postoperative VTE developed by our team provides clinicians with a simple method that can be used to calculate the VTE risk of patients at the bedside, and can help clinicians make evidence-based judgments on when to use intervention measures. In clinical practice, the simplicity of this predictive model has great practical value.
Myeloid Sarcoma Type of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia With a Cryptic Insertion of RARA Into FIP1L1: The Clinical Utility of NGS and Bioinformatic Analyses
Authors: Wang Yongren , Rui Yaoyao , Shen Ying , Li Jian , Liu Poning , Lu Qin , Fang Yongjun 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the presence of coagulopathy at onset and translocation t (15; 17) (q22; 21), meanwhile, other translocation variants of APL have also been reported. The FIP1L1–RARA fusion gene has recently been reported as a novel RARA-associated fusion gene.ObjectivesWe report a case of de novo myeloid sarcoma (MS) type of APL with FIP1L1–RARA found by next-generation sequencing (NGS) that was not detected by conventional analyze analysis for RARA translocations.MethodsWe performed typical morphological, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), conventional tests for PML–RARA dual-fusion translocation probe, high-through sequencing and NGS. Meanwhile, bioinformatics analyses were done by using public repositories, including ONCOMINE, COSMIC, and GeneMANIA analysis.ResultsA 28-month-old girl with a complex karyotype that includes 46,XX,t(4;17)(q12;q22)[9]/46,idem,del(16)(q22)[3]/45,idem,-x,-4,-9,-15,del(16)(q22),+marl,+mar2,+mar3[7]/46,xx[3], c.38G&gt;A (p.Gly13Asp) in the KRAS gene, and a cryptic insertion of RARA gene into the FIP1L1 gene was diagnosed with APL complicated by the de novo MS.ConclusionWe report a FIP1L1–RARA fusion in a child with APL who presented with an extramedullary tumor in the skull without the classic karyotype using NGS, whom we treated with good results. NGS analysis should be considered for APL variant cases. Further experimental studies to the association between the mutation in KRAS gene and FIP1L1–RARA fusion on the clinical phenotype and progression of APL are needed to identify more effective therapeutic targets for APL.
Irradiation-Modulated Murine Brain Microenvironment Enhances GL261-Tumor Growth and Inhibits Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy
Authors: Garbow Joel R. , Johanns Tanner M. , Ge Xia , Engelbach John A. , Yuan Liya , Dahiya Sonika , Tsien Christina I. , Gao Feng , Rich Keith M. , Ackerman Joseph J. H. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeClinical evidence suggests radiation induces changes in the brain microenvironment that affect subsequent response to treatment. This study investigates the effect of previous radiation, delivered six weeks prior to orthotopic tumor implantation, on subsequent tumor growth and therapeutic response to anti-PD-L1 therapy in an intracranial mouse model, termed the Radiation Induced Immunosuppressive Microenvironment (RI2M) model.Method and MaterialsC57Bl/6 mice received focal (hemispheric) single-fraction, 30-Gy radiation using the Leksell GammaKnife® Perfexion™, a dose that does not produce frank/gross radiation necrosis. Non-irradiated GL261 glioblastoma tumor cells were implanted six weeks later into the irradiated hemisphere. Lesion volume was measured longitudinally by in vivo MRI. In a separate experiment, tumors were implanted into either previously irradiated (30 Gy) or non-irradiated mouse brain, mice were treated with anti-PD-L1 antibody, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed. Mouse brains were assessed by conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining, IBA-1 staining, which detects activated microglia and macrophages, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis.ResultsTumors in previously irradiated brain display aggressive, invasive growth, characterized by viable tumor and large regions of hemorrhage and necrosis. Mice challenged intracranially with GL261 six weeks after prior intracranial irradiation are unresponsive to anti-PD-L1 therapy. K-M curves demonstrate a statistically significant difference in survival for tumor-bearing mice treated with anti-PD-L1 antibody between RI2M vs. non-irradiated mice. The most prominent immunologic change in the post-irradiated brain parenchyma is an increased frequency of activated microglia.ConclusionsThe RI2M model focuses on the persisting (weeks-to-months) impact of radiation applied to normal, control-state brain on the growth characteristics and immunotherapy response of subsequently implanted tumor. GL261 tumors growing in the RI2M grew markedly more aggressively, with tumor cells admixed with regions of hemorrhage and necrosis, and showed a dramatic loss of response to anti-PD-L1 therapy compared to tumors in non-irradiated brain. IHC and FACS analyses demonstrate increased frequency of activated microglia, which correlates with loss of sensitivity to checkpoint immunotherapy. Given that standard-of-care for primary brain tumor following resection includes concurrent radiation and chemotherapy, these striking observations strongly motivate detailed assessment of the late effects of the RI2M on tumor growth and therapeutic efficacy.
Case Report: Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Lithium Monotherapy in Exclusive Breastfeeding. A Follow-Up Case Series
Authors: Imaz Maria Luisa , Soy Dolors , Torra Mercé , García-Esteve Llüisa , Soler Cristina , Martin-Santos Rocio 
Published: June 2021

Background: Most guidelines advise that women taking lithium should not breastfeed. The variation in transfer is just one reason behind this advice.Objectives: To present clinical and pharmacokinetic data of nine mother–infant pairs exposed to lithium monotherapy during late pregnancy and exclusive breastfeeding at the Perinatal Psychiatric Unit (2006–2018).Methods: We obtained sociodemographic data, medical risk factors, obstetric variables, and family and personal psychiatric history by semi-structured interview, and assessed maternal psychopathology with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale. A senior neonatologist reviewed neonatal outcomes at birth using the Peripartum Events Scale. Paired maternal and cord blood and infant venous blood samples were collected. During the breastfeeding period, we monitored serum lithium and creatinine concentrations in mother–infant pairs at delivery, and at days 1–5, 7–11, 30, and 60 postpartum, and monthly until 6-months.Results: Lithium equilibrated completely across the placenta [1.13 (0.10), range (1.02–1.30)]. No women presented symptoms of postpartum lithium intoxication, two of the neonates presented transient hypotonia (22%). Lithium exposure was significantly less during breastfeeding than during late pregnancy, and serum lithium concentrations decreased up to 44% overtime from delivery to the first-month, and up to 60% to the third-month postpartum. There was no growth or developmental delay in the follow-up period. One woman had a manic episode with psychotic features at 45 days postpartum.Conclusions: In carefully selected women with bipolar disorder, lithium therapy when breastfeeding can be an appropriate option if coupled with close monitoring of the mother-infant pair.
Strength Training Intensity and Volume Affect Performance of Young Kayakers/Canoeists
Authors: Gäbler Martijn , Berberyan Hermine S. , Prieske Olaf , Elferink-Gemser Marije T. , Hortobágyi Tibor , Warnke Torsten , Granacher Urs 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of moderate intensity, low volume (MILV) vs. low intensity, high volume (LIHV) strength training on sport-specific performance, measures of muscular fitness, and skeletal muscle mass in young kayakers and canoeists.MethodsSemi-elite young kayakers and canoeists (N= 40, 13 ± 0.8 years, 11 girls) performed either MILV (70–80% 1-RM, 6–12 repetitions per set) or LIHV (30–40% 1-RM, 60–120 repetitions per set) strength training for one season. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare effects of training condition on changes over time in 250 and 2,000 m time trials, handgrip strength, underhand shot throw, average bench pull power over 2 min, and skeletal muscle mass. Both between- and within-subject designs were used for analysis. An alpha of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.ResultsBetween- and within-subject analyses showed that monthly changes were greater in LIHV vs. MILV for the 2,000 m time trial (between: 9.16 s, SE = 2.70,p&lt; 0.01; within: 2,000 m: 13.90 s, SE = 5.02,p= 0.01) and bench pull average power (between: 0.021 W⋅kg–1, SE = 0.008,p= 0.02; within: 0.010 W⋅kg–1, SE = 0.009,p&gt; 0.05). Training conditions did not affect other outcomes.ConclusionYoung sprint kayakers and canoeists benefit from LIHV more than MILV strength training in terms of 2,000 m performance and muscular endurance (i.e., 2 min bench pull power).
Trust Buffers Against Reduced Life Satisfaction When Faced With Financial Crisis
Authors: Clench-Aas Jocelyne , Bergande Ingrid , Nes Ragnhild Bang , Holte Arne 
Published: June 2021

Background:In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its large economic consequences, we used a three-layer nested structural model (individual, community, and country), each with a corresponding measure of income, trust, and satisfaction, to assess change in their interrelationships following a global crisis; which, in this study, is the 2008/2009 financial crisis.Methods:With multilevel techniques, we analyzed data from two waves (2006 and 2012) of the European Social Survey (ESS) in 19 countries (weightedN= 73,636) grouped according to their levels of trust.Results:In high trust countries, personal life satisfaction (LS) was not related to personal, community, or national income before or after the crisis. In contrast, in low trust countries, LS was strongly related to all three forms of income, especially after the crisis. In all country groups, personal, social, and political trust moderated their respective effects of income on LS (“the buffer hypothesis”). Political trust moderated the effects of income more strongly in low trust countries. The moderating effect of political trust increased sharply after the crisis. After the crisis, national-level factors (e.g., political trust, national income) increased their importance for LS more than the factors at the local and individual levels. However, the relative importance of all the three forms of income to LS increased after the crisis, to the detriment of trust.Conclusion:Economic crises seem to influence personal LS less in high trust countries compared with low trust countries. Hence, high trust at a national level appears to buffer the negative impact of a financial crisis on personal satisfaction. Overall, the factors at the national level increased their impact during the financial crisis. When facing a global crisis, the actions taken by institutions at the country level may, thus, become even more important than those taken before the crisis.
Cardiovascular Diseases and Schizophrenia in India: Evidence, Gaps, and Way Forward
Authors: Padmavati Ramachandran , Kantipudi Suvarna Jyothi , Balasubramanian Suhavana , Raghavan Vijaya 
Published: June 2021

Background:The importance of physical health among persons with schizophrenia is well-established. Studies from developed and developing countries indicated a strong association between cardiovascular diseases and schizophrenia, while evidence from India is scattered and in its infancy. Hence, the aims of the study were to collate available studies from India on cardiovascular diseases among persons with schizophrenia, identify knowledge gaps and challenges, and discuss recommendations to improve clinical care and research on cardiovascular diseases among persons with schizophrenia in India.Materials and methods:A comprehensive literature review of Indian studies on cardiovascular diseases and schizophrenia was conducted to collate and synthesise available knowledge.Results:Several risk factors for cardiovascular disease predominated among persons with schizophrenia. Metabolic syndrome and obesity were the key factors that were reported. Knowledge gaps were identified with respect to the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among persons with schizophrenia. Sparse research in interventions to prevent and reduce the impact of cardiovascular diseases among persons with schizophrenia was noted.Conclusion:Targeted efforts are needed at the clinic, community, and policy levels to understand the impact of cardiovascular diseases among persons with schizophrenia. Robust and feasible interventions targeting cardiovascular diseases and its varied risk factors in persons with schizophrenia, that can be implemented in tertiary mental health services, need to be developed and tested.
Using EEG to Predict Clinical Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Major Depression: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Simon Louis , Blay Martin , Galvao Filipe , Brunelin Jerome 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: An important approach to improve the therapeutic effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be to early characterize patients who are more likely to respond. Our objective was to explore whether baseline electroencephalography (EEG) settings before the beginning of ECT treatment can predict future clinical response to ECT in patients with depressive disorder.Methods: We conducted a systematic search in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases to identify studies using EEG in adults with depressive disorder treated by ECT. To investigate the predictive value of baseline EEG on clinical outcomes of ECT, we extracted from the retrieved studies and qualitatively described the association between the baseline EEG markers characteristics and the rates of future responders and/or remitters to ECT.Results: The primary search yielded 2,531 potentially relevant citations, and 12 articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were prospective studies with small sample size. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients, ECT settings, EEG settings, and outcomes were heterogeneous. Event-related potential (ERP) paradigms were used in three studies, polysomnography was used in three studies, and the six other studies used EEG to measure cerebral connectivity and activity.Conclusions: P300 amplitude, coherence, and connectivity measures were correlated with remission in patients with depression treated by ECT. Sleep EEG recordings seemed not to be correlated with remission after ECT. Further prospective studies with large sample size are needed to determine optimal EEG parameters associated with clinical response to ECT in depressive disorder.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020181978.
High Prevalence of Post-stroke Anxiety in Elderly Patients Following COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Yao Meiling , Li Hongjie , Luo Ying , Li Ling , Yu Jian 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Post-stroke anxiety (PSA) is a common affective disorder in patients with ischemic stroke. The elderly are more susceptible to mental health issues, however, few studies have so far focused on PSA in elderly patients, especially in the context of the COVID-19, causing psychological issues in the general population. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of PSA in elderly patients following COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 206 elderly inpatients with newly diagnosed acute ischemic stroke in the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, from January 2020 to December 2020. Patients were categorized into the PSA group and the non-PSA group based on Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores at admission (within 1 week after stroke onset). Demographic and clinical data, mental state by Mini-Mental State Examination, depression by Hamilton Depression Scales (HAMD), and stroke severity and outcome by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale were compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze risk factors associated with PSA. We determined the cutoff scores for significant predictors of PSA using the area under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating characteristic.Results: Of the 206 stroke patients, 62 (30.1%) developed anxiety. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that female gender [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.288, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.021–5.128, P = 0.044], high NIHSS scores [aOR: 1.264, 95% CI: 1.074–1.486, P = 0.005] and HAMD scores [aOR: 1.345, 95% CI: 1.215–1.490, P &lt; 0.001] were independent risk factors for PSA. The cutoff threshold for the NIHSS scores was 3.5 points with an AUC of 0.64 and the cutoff threshold for HAMD scores was 5.5 points with an AUC of 0.89.Conclusion: Our results showed a high incidence of PSA in elderly patients after the COVID-19 outbreak. Female gender, high NIHSS and HAMD scores were the independent risk factors for PSA.