bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blocking the interaction between interleukin-17A and endoplasmic reticulum stress in macrophage attenuates retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy
Authors: Wang Ya’nuo , Gao Shuang , Gao Sha , Li Na , Xie Bing , Shen Xi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Neovascularization is a leading cause of visual loss typically associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress both have been demonstrated to play a proangiogenic role in ischemic retinopathies. However, the relationship between IL-17A and ER stress in retinal neovascularization (RNV) under hypoxic conditions and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods
In this study, oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice model was established and intravitreal injections were conducted. Changes of IL-17A and ER stress markers in retinas and cultured primary bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) under normoxic or hypoxic conditions were detected. Western blotting, Real-Time RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence assays were conducted to explore the roles and relationship of IL-17A and ER stress in RNV, as well as its underlying mechanisms.

Results
Compared to that in normal controls, IL-17A and ER stress markers were all remarkably increased under hypoxic conditions both in vivo and in vitro. Neutralization or knock out of IL-17A decreased ER stress. ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), attenuated the production of IL-17A, suggesting a positive feedback loop between IL-17A and ER stress. Inhibition of IL-17A or ER stress decreased areas of nonperfusion and neovascularization in OIR retinas. As TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway activation has been demonstrated to be involved in increased retinal vascular permeability of ischemic retinopathy, we observed that TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway mediated in the interaction between IL-17A and ER stress under hypoxic conditions.

Conclusion
The interplay between IL-17A and ER stress contributes to RNV in macrophages via modulation of TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway under hypoxic conditions. The feedback loops may become an innovative and multiple pharmacological therapeutic target for ischemic retinopathy.
How, when, and for whom: decisions regarding remote neuropsychological assessment during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bloch Ayala , Maril Sari , Kavé Gitit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNeuropsychological assessment provides crucial information about cognitive, behavioral, and socioemotional functioning in medical, educational, legal, and social contexts. During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, the Israeli Ministry of Health initially mandated that all psychological assessments be postponed. However, as referrals to time-sensitive, high-need, and high-stakes assessments began to accumulate, it became necessary to consider remote solutions. In the current paper, we describe the considerations that affected the transition to remote activity in a prominent Israeli provider of neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation services, referring to technological and environmental conditions, cognitive requirements, and tasks, as well as to legal, regulatory, and funding issues. After discussing how assessments should be conducted to maximize feasibility and validity while minimizing risks to clients and clinicians, we propose a preliminary model for deciding whether specific referrals warrant remote administration. The model delineates key factors in decisions regarding remote assessment, emphasizing the distinct roles of the referring clinician and the neuropsychologist who conducts the assessment, and highlighting the need for collaboration between them. The abrupt need for remote assessments during the pandemic required a quick response with little preparation. The lessons learned from this process can be applied in the future, so that the need for remote services can be met with greater certainty and uniformity.
Why do Irish pig farmers use medications? Barriers for effective reduction of antimicrobials in Irish pig production
Authors: Diana Alessia , Snijders Sylvia , Rieple Alison , Boyle Laura Ann 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
In addressing the threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is critical to understand the barriers to the uptake of strategies for the reduction of antimicrobial use (AMU) in the pig industry. In several EU countries, factors such as education level, habits and social pressures are recognised as affecting farmers’ decision-making process in relation to AMU. However, there is a lack of information on the Irish scenario. The aim of this study was to investigate pig farmers’ perspectives and their behaviour towards AMU to identify potential barriers to effectively reduce AMU in Irish pig production. We conducted face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 30 pig farmers, 5 pig veterinarians and 4 focus groups of pig farm personnel. We employed qualitative analyses to explore the objective of the study.

Results
Qualitative analysis revealed six convergent themes as potential barriers: perceptions about the need for AMU on farm, concept of animal welfare and associated management practices, legislation, culture, economics and standards of communication/type of advice-network. Overall, pig farmers believed that there is poor communication between stakeholders (i.e. farmers, vets and advisors) and a lack of reliable people to approach for advice. They considered themselves as operating responsibly in terms of AMU compared to their national and international colleagues and expressed the importance of a so-called ‘Irish solution’ to the problem of AMU because it was associated with what ‘has always been done’ and was therefore considered reliable and safe.

Conclusions
Barriers and challenges were in line with those identified in other EU countries highlighting similarities in behavioural and attitudinal patterns among pig farmers. Overall, farmers appeared to be more likely to rely on previous experiences or to wait for an imposed change (e.g. legislation) instead of taking personal action. Thus, considerable behavioural and attitudinal changes are needed to adopt a more responsible AMU in Irish pig production and to develop effective intervention strategies.
Is reusing text from a protocol in the completed systematic review acceptable?
Authors: Pieper Dawid , Ge Long , Abou-Setta Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPublished protocols have the potential to reduce bias in the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews (SR). When reporting the results of a completed SR, the question might arise whether text used in the protocol can also be used in the completed SR? Does this constitute text recycling, plagiarism, or even copyright infringement? In theory, no major changes to the protocol will be expected for the introduction and methods sections if the SR is completed in time. The benefits of maintaining the introduction and methods section of a protocol in the published SR are straightforward. Authors will require less time for writing up the completed SR. Potential benefits can also be expected for peer reviewers and editors. However, reusing text can be described as self-plagiarism. The question to be answered is whether this type of self-plagiarism is acceptable when copying text used previously (as would be the case when copying text from the protocol and pasting it into the subsequent completed SR)? The “traditional answer” to this question is “yes” because authors should not get credit for one piece of work for more than one time unless the work is cited appropriately. In contrast, we propose that in this context, it seems to be fully acceptable from a scientific and ethical perspective. As such, authors should not be accused of plagiarism in this case, but rather be encouraged to be efficient. However, legal issues need to be taken into consideration (e.g., copyright). We hope to stimulate a discussion on this topic among authors, readers, editors, and publishers.
The principles of physical restraint use for hospitalized elderly people: an integrated literature review
Authors: Sharifi Azam , Arsalani Narges , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Mohammadi-Shahbolaghi Farahnaz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhysical restraint (PR) is a routine care measure in many hospital wards to ensure patient safety. However, it is associated with many different professional, legal, and ethical challenges. Some guidelines and principles have been developed in some countries for appropriate PR use. The present study aimed to explore the principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people.MethodsThis was an integrative review. For data collection, a literature search was conducted in Persian and English databases, namely Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed as well as the websites of healthcare organizations and associations. Eligibility criteria were publication in English or Persian between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2021, and description of the principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used for document screening and selection, while the critical appraisal tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument were used for quality appraisal. The data were analyzed through constant comparison.ResultsPrimarily, 772 records were retrieved, while only twenty were eligible for the study. The principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people were categorized into six main categories, namely principles of education for PR use, principles of decision making for PR use, principles of implementing the PR procedure, principles of monitoring patients with PR, principles of PR use documentation, and principles of PR management.ConclusionPR should be used only by trained healthcare providers, with the consent of patient or his/her family members, with standard devices and safe techniques, based on clear guidelines, and under close managerial supervision. Moreover, elderly people with PR should continuously be monitored for any PR-related complications. The findings of the present study can be used for developing clear PR-related guidelines.
The physical and mental impact of surviving sepsis – a qualitative study of experiences and perceptions among a Swedish sample
Authors: Apitzsch Sabine , Larsson Lotta , Larsson Anna-Karin , Linder Adam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Sepsis is a critical illness with high morbidity and mortality rates. Each year, sepsis affects about 48.9 million people all over the world. This study aims to illuminate how sepsis survivors experience sepsis and the impact of sepsis, as well as the health-related quality of life thereafter.

Methods
An interview study with eight sepsis survivors was carried out in Sweden with an inductive qualitative method. The data were analyzed with content analysis.

Results
Four themes were identified during the analysis; The experience of health care and being a sepsis patient, New circumstances´ impact on life, Family and social interactions, and The psychological impact on life. The lack of information about how sepsis can impact the survivors’ lives and what to expect can lead to prolonged agony. The long recovery time comes as an unexpected and unpleasant surprise to those affected. Initially, the sepsis survivors are almost euphoric that they have survived, which can later lead to chock and trauma when they realize that they could have died. This insight needs to be processed in order to reach reconciliation with life after sepsis.

Conclusion
Sepsis has a huge impact on both physical and mental aspects of life. Many survivors suffer from persistent residual symptoms of varying degrees, to which they have to adapt. The sepsis survivors need individually adjusted information about the sepsis recovery trajectory, and what to expect during and after the hospital stay.
Development of a Weighted-Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiogram (WISCA) to guide the choice of the empiric antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infection in paediatric patients: a Bayesian approach
Authors: Barbieri Elisa , Bottigliengo Daniele , Tellini Matteo , Minotti Chiara , Marchiori Mara , Cavicchioli Paola , Gregori Dario , Giaquinto Carlo , Da Dalt Liviana , Donà Daniele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the ability of Weighted-Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiograms (WISCA) to inform the selection of empirical antibiotic regimens for suspected paediatric community-acquired urinary tract infections.

Methods
Data were collected from outpatients (< 15 years) accessing the emergency rooms of Padua University-Hospital and Mestre Dell' Angelo-Hospital (Venice) between January 1st, 2016, and December 31st, 2018. WISCAs were developed by estimating the coverage of eight regimens using a Bayesian hierarchical model adjusted for age, sex, and previous antibiotic treatment or renal/urological comorbidities.

Results
385 of 620 urine culture requests were included in the model analysis. The most frequently observed bacterium was E. coli (85% and 87%, Centre A and B). No centre effect on coverage estimates was found, and data were successfully pooled together. Coverage ranged from 77.8% (Co-trimoxazole) to 97.6% (Carbapenems). Complex cases and males had significantly lower odds of being covered by a regimen than non-complex cases and females (odds ratio (OR) 0.49 [95% HDI, 0.38–0.65], and OR: 0.73 [95% HDIs, 0.56–0.96] respectively). Children aged 3–5 years had lower odds of being covered by a regimen than other age groups, except for neonates.

Conclusions
The developed WISCAs provide highly informative estimates on coverage patterns overcoming the limitation of combination antibiograms and expanding the framework of previous Bayesian WISCA algorithm.
Epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and follow‐up of chronic mercury poisoning in China: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Yawei Sun , Jianhai Long , Junxiu Zhao , Xiaobo Peng , Zewu Qiu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
There are no reports on the incidence of chronic mercury poisoning in a large population in China. This study investigated the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and follow-up of Chinese patients with chronic mercury poisoning.

Methods
Data for 288 mercury poisoning patients were collected at our hospital from July 2014 to September 2019, including sex, age, admission time, blood mercury content, urine mercury content, creatinine, urinary mercury/creatinine ratio, 24-h urinary protein levels, electromyography (EMG) findings, renal biopsy, and follow-up. Patient characteristics were evaluated by statistical and correlation analyses.

Results
First, mercury poisoning in China mainly occurred through occupational exposure and the inappropriate use of mercury-containing cosmetics and Chinese folk remedies (CFRs). Second, the most common symptoms were nervous system (50.3 %), kidney (16.4 %) and breathing (8.0 %). Mercury poisoning-induced Nephrotic syndrome (NS) and peripheral neuropathy are common long-term complications. The complications of occupational and cosmetics-induced mercury poisoning are consistent with international belief. However, the NS caused by CFRs is mainly membranous nephropathy and the probability of peripheral neuropathy caused by CFRs is higher than other pathogens. Third, follow-up data shows that 13 patients with EMG-confirmed neurological injury, 10 showed full recovery after 38.50 ± 8.03 months. Furthermore, among 18 patients with NS, 15 had normal urine protein and serum albumin levels after 22.67 ± 10.26 months.

Conclusions
Regulation of skin-lightening cosmetic products, safety surveillance of CFRs, and prevention and control of occupational exposure must be improved to decrease the incidence of mercury poisoning in China.
Not BCL2 mutation but dominant mutation conversation contributed to acquired venetoclax resistance in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Qian Jiejing , Wang Huafeng , Wang Yungui , Zhang Yi , Qian Pengxu , Lou Yinjun , Jin Jie , Zhu Honghu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVenetoclax (VEN) plus azacitidine has become the first-line therapy for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and has a complete remission (CR) plus CR with incomplete recovery of hemogram rate of ≥70%. However, the 3-year survival rate of these patients is < 40% due to relapse caused by acquired VEN resistance, and this remains the greatest obstacle for the maintenance of long-term remission in VEN-sensitive patients. The underlying mechanism of acquired VEN resistance in AML remains largely unknown. Therefore, in the current study, nine AML patients with acquired VEN resistance were retrospectively analyzed. Our results showed that the known VEN resistance-associated BCL2 mutation was not present in our cohort, indicating that, in contrast to chronic lymphocytic leukemia, this BCL2 mutation is dispensable for acquired VEN resistance in AML. Instead, we found that reconstructed existing mutations, especially dominant mutation conversion (e.g., expanded FLT3-ITD), rather than newly emerged mutations (e.g., TP53 mutation), mainly contributed to VEN resistance in AML. According to our results, the combination of precise mutational monitoring and advanced interventions with targeted therapy or chemotherapy are potential strategies to prevent and even overcome acquired VEN resistance in AML.
Asymbiotic germination of Vanilla planifolia in relation to the timing of seed collection and seed pretreatments
Authors: Yeh Chih-Hsin , Chen Kai-Yi , Lee Yung-I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because the seed coat is extremely hard with strong hydrophobic nature. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla.

Results
We found that soaking mature seeds in 4% sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination. For the culture of immature seeds, the seed collection at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. Seeds at 60 DAP and subsequent stages germinated poorly. As the seed approached maturity, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope at maturity. On toluidine blue O staining, the wall of outer seed coat stained greenish blue, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds. As well, on Nile red staining, a cuticular substance was detected in the surface wall of the embryo proper and the innermost wall of the inner seed coat.

Conclusion
We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The window for successful germination of culturing immature seed was short. The quick accumulation of lignin, phenolics and/or phytomelanins in the seed coat may seriously inhibit seed germination after 45 DAP. As seeds matured, the thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, which may play an important role in inducing dormancy. Further studies covering different maturity of green capsules are required to understand the optimal seed maturity and germination of seeds.
Analysis of reinforced retaining wall failure based on reinforcement length
Authors: Kong Suk -Min , Oh Dong-Wook , Lee So-Yeon , Jung Hyuk-Sang , Lee Yong-Joo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReinforced retaining walls are structures constructed horizontally to resist earth pressure by leveraging the frictional force imparted by the backfill. Reinforcements are employed because they exhibit excellent safety and economic efficiency. However, insufficient reinforcement can lead to collapse, and excessive reinforcement reduces economic efficiency. Therefore, it is important to select the appropriate type, length, and spacing of reinforcements. However, in actual sites, although the stress and fracture mechanisms in the straight and curved sections of reinforced soil retaining walls differ, the same amount of reinforcements are typically installed. Such an approach can lead to wall collapse or reduce economic feasibility. Therefore, in this study, the behaviours of straight and curved sections fortified with reinforcements of various lengths (1, 3, 5, and 7 m) are predicted through a three-dimensional numerical analysis. The retaining walls are of the same height, but the reinforcement variations in the aforementioned sections influence the wall behaviour differently. Based on the results, the optimum reinforcement lengths for the straight and curved parts were selected. By installing reinforcements of different lengths in these sections, the maximum reinforcing effect with minimum reinforcement was derived. This study further found that the curved section of the wall required more reinforcements, and the reinforcement lengths for the curved and straight sections should be separately optimized.
Functional and electron-microscopic changes after differential traction injury in the sciatic nerve of a rat
Authors: Byun Soo-Hwan , Ahn Kang-Min 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
During maxillofacial trauma or oral cancer surgery, peripheral nerve might be damaged by traction injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate functional and histomorphometric changes after traction nerve injury in the sciatic nerve of a rat model.

Methods
A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into three groups: unstretched (sham/control, group A), stretched with 0.7N (group B) and 1.5N (group C). Traction injury was performed for 10 min in B and C groups. Functional recovery of the sciatic nerve was evaluated by walking track analysis, toe spread test, and pinprick test 2 weeks after injury. The weight of gastrocnemius muscles of both sides was measured to evaluate weight ratio (ipsilateral/contralateral). Total number of axons, axon fiber size, myelin thickness, G-ratio, axon number/mm2, diameter of fiber, changes of longitudinal width, and formation of the edema and hematoma were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy.

Results
The sciatic function indexes were −11.48±4.0, −15.11±14.84, and −49.12±35.42 for groups A, B, and C, respectively. Pinprick test showed 3.0, 2.86±0.38, and 1.38±0.52 for A, B, and group C. Muscle weight ratios were 0.98±0.13 for group A, 0.70±0.10 for group B, and 0.54±0.05 for group C. There were significant differences in toe spread test, pinprick test, and muscle weight ratio between control group and experimental group (p<0.001). In the experimental group, fiber number, fiber size, G-ratio, fiber number/mm2, myelin thickness, diameter of fiber, and longitudinal width were decreased with statistical significance.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrated that the nerve traction injury in the rat sciatic nerve damaged the motor and sensory function and axonal integrity. The amount of functional nerve damage was proportional to the amount of traction power and dependent on the initial tensile strengths (0.7N and 1.5N).