bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric antral vascular ectasia in hepatitis C virus related liver cirrhosis: Fetching for predictors
Authors: Fouad Magdy , Khalaf Fath‐Elbab Hanaa , Mostafa Alaa Mohamed , Moness Hend M , Adel Nashwa Mohamed , Ahmed Elham 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimGastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is observed in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The exact pathophysiologic mechanism that underlies this condition is unknown. In our study, we estimate the prevalence of GAVE in hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis and attempted to determine if any of the hepatocellular manifestations, liver functions, serum gastrin, abdominal ultrasound and endoscopic picture have a relation to, or could predict, the occurrence of GAVE in cirrhotic patients.MethodsThis study includes 500 HCV‐related liver cirrhosis patients. According to endoscopic assessment, we detected 30 patients with GAVE (Group 2). From the 470 patients without GAVE, we randomly selected 120 patients (Group 1), to avoid statistical bias, for comparison with Group 2. Comparison included clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, serum gastrin, ultrasound findings, and endoscopic findings (esophageal and/or gastric varices and gastropathy).ResultsThe percentage of GAVE in HCV‐related liver cirrhosis is 0.06%. We can predict GAVE by platelets, palmer erythema, diabetes mellitus (DM), marked ascites > with area under the curve of 0.67, 75.5, 0.62, and 0.40%, and accuracy of 82.5, 72, 70.7, and 79.3%, respectively. There was no correlation found between occurrence of GAVE and endoscopic findings. Also, there was no correlation found between occurrence of GAVE and serum gastrin levels, which reflect another pathophysiology, and we found no statistically significant correlation with GAVE.ConclusionsPalmer erythema, low platelets, DM, and ascites might help in the prediction of GAVE. GAVE is not linked to the presence, type or grade of varices, and gastropathy.
Removal of partial Fourier‐induced Gibbs (RPG) ringing artifacts in MRI
Authors: Lee Hong‐Hsi , Novikov Dmitry S. , Fieremans Els 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo investigate and remove Gibbs‐ringing artifacts caused by partial Fourier (PF) acquisition and zero filling interpolation in MRI data.Theory and MethodsGibbs ringing of fully sampled data, leading to oscillations around tissue boundaries, is caused by the symmetric truncation of k‐space. Such ringing can be removed by conventional methods, with the local subvoxel shifts method being the state‐of‐the‐art. However, the asymmetric truncation of k‐space in routinely used PF acquisitions leads to additional ringings of wider intervals in the PF sampling dimension that cannot be corrected solely based on magnitude images reconstructed via zero filling. Here, we develop a pipeline for the Removal of PF‐induced Gibbs ringing (RPG) to remove ringing patterns of different periods by applying the conventional method twice. The proposed pipeline is validated on numerical phantoms, demonstrated on in vivo diffusion MRI measurements, and compared with the conventional method and neural network‐based approach.ResultsFor PF = 7/8 and 6/8, Gibbs‐ringings and subsequent bias in diffusion metrics induced by PF acquisition and zero filling are robustly removed by using the proposed RPG pipeline. For PF = 5/8, however, ringing removal via RPG leads to excessive image blurring due to the interplay of image phase and convolution kernel.ConclusionsRPG corrects Gibbs‐ringing artifacts in magnitude images of PF acquired data and reduces the bias in quantitative MR metrics. Considering the benefit of PF acquisition and the feasibility of ringing removal, we suggest applying PF = 6/8 when PF acquisition is necessary.
Image‐ versus histogram‐based considerations in semantic segmentation of pulmonary hyperpolarized gas images
Authors: Tustison Nicholas J. , Altes Talissa A. , Qing Kun , He Mu , Miller G. Wilson , Avants Brian B. , Shim Yun M. , Gee James C. , Mugler John P. , Mata Jaime F. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo characterize the differences between histogram‐based and image‐based algorithms for segmentation of hyperpolarized gas lung images.MethodsFour previously published histogram‐based segmentation algorithms (ie, linear binning, hierarchical k‐means, fuzzy spatial c‐means, and a Gaussian mixture model with a Markov random field prior) and an image‐based convolutional neural network were used to segment 2 simulated data sets derived from a public (n = 29 subjects) and a retrospective collection (n = 51 subjects) of hyperpolarized 129Xe gas lung images transformed by common MRI artifacts (noise and nonlinear intensity distortion). The resulting ventilation‐based segmentations were used to assess algorithmic performance and characterize optimization domain differences in terms of measurement bias and precision.ResultsAlthough facilitating computational processing and providing discriminating clinically relevant measures of interest, histogram‐based segmentation methods discard important contextual spatial information and are consequently less robust in terms of measurement precision in the presence of common MRI artifacts relative to the image‐based convolutional neural network.ConclusionsDirect optimization within the image domain using convolutional neural networks leverages spatial information, which mitigates problematic issues associated with histogram‐based approaches and suggests a preferred future research direction. Further, the entire processing and evaluation framework, including the newly reported deep learning functionality, is available as open source through the well‐known Advanced Normalization Tools ecosystem.
Simplified geotechnical rheological model for simulating viscoelasto‐plastic response of ballasted railway substructure
Authors: Punetha Piyush , Nimbalkar Sanjay , Khabbaz Hadi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA proper understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the substructure layers is crucial for optimising the design and performance of a ballasted railway track. The recent advent of high‐speed trains and heavy haul freight wagons has heightened this need more than ever. The accurate prediction of the long‐term performance of the railway tracks under increased speed and loads still remains an intriguing challenge for researchers and design engineers. In this context, the present paper proposes a simplified geotechnical rheological model to evaluate the viscoelasto‐plastic response of the track substructure layers. The proposed approach combines plastic slider, elastic springs and viscous dampers to predict the transient response during a train passage, and the irrecoverable deformation accumulated in the track substructure over an operational period. The model simulates tri‐layered substructure (ballast, subballast, and subgrade) in comparison with existing rheological approaches employing either single or dual‐layered substructure. The model is validated against the field data published in the literature. An acceptable agreement between the predicted results and the field data verifies the accuracy of the model. Parametric investigations are conducted to study the influence of train and track parameters on the cumulative track deformation. The results demonstrate the enhanced capability of the rheological model to adequately capture the crucial effects of axle load, train speed and thickness of granular layers on the accumulation of track settlement. The proposed method can provide an effective tool for the practising engineers for quick prediction of changes to the geometry of railway tracks over their operational periods.
Energy related ion transports in coordination polymers
Authors: Li Jinli , Yi Mao , Zhang Laiyu , You Zifeng , Liu Xiongli , Li* Baiyan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCoordination polymers (CPs), as emerging crystalline porous materials, have exhibited intriguing and promising performance in energy applications for various ion transports including proton, hydroxide, and alkali metal ions. Their advantageous features of high designabilities, stabilities, tunable pore sizes, and adjustable functional sites are beneficial for ion transports. More importantly, these features also exhibit important merits for adjusting ion concentration and enhancing the mobility of carriers in practical applications. To further explore the relationship between chemical structures and transport behaviors, we present an overview of the advancements of CPs as ion conductors in the past two decades in terms of dimensionalities. In this review, we would also discuss the fundamental strategies for enhancing energy ion transfer performance. Furthermore, the challenging issues and future prospects in this area would be also elaborated.
Prescription Opioids Dispensed to Patients with Cancer with Bone Metastasis: 2011–2017
Authors: Zhang Hao , Paice Judith , Portenoy Russell , Bruera Eduardo , Reid M. Carrington , Bao Yuhua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Opioid therapy is a first-line approach for moderate-to-severe pain associated with cancer with bone metastasis (CBM). The decade-long decline in opioid prescribing in the U.S. would not be expected to affect patients with CBM. We investigated trends in opioids dispensed to patients with CBM using data from a large commercial claims database. From 2011 quarter 2 to 2017 quarter 4, the percentage of patients with CBM prescribed at least 1 day of opioids in a quarter declined from 28.1% to 24.5% (p &lt; .001) for privately insured patients aged 18–64 years and from 39.1% to 30.5% (p &lt; .001) for Medicare Advantage (MA) patients aged 65 years or older. Among patients with at least 1 day of opioids in a quarter, the average morphine milligram equivalents dispensed declined by 37% and 11% (p &lt; .001 for both) for privately insured and MA patients, respectively. Our findings raise concerns about potential unintended consequences related to population-level reduction in opioid prescribing.
Study on novel rosin‐based polyurethane reactive hot melt adhesive
Authors: Xie Weidi , Yan Qiming , Fu Heqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChain extender is a major additive in polyurethane adhesive preparation, which has a great influence on its molecular weight, green strength, and thermal resistance. In this work, we first synthesized a novel rosin‐based chain extender to replace conventional petroleum derived ones due to rosin was a renewable and low cost natural material. Afterward, the as‐prepared rosin‐based chain extender reacted with the isocyanate‐terminated polyurethane prepolymer to prepare polyurethane reactive hot melt adhesive (PURHMA). Rosin contains rigid hydrophenanthrene ring, which may have good effect on the thermal and mechanical properties of PURHMA. Consequently, the characterization of the thermal and physical properties of sustainable PURHMA was made using differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer, as well as thermogravimetric analysis. Eventually, the adhesion performance of PURHMA on wood substrates were investigated by adjusting the amount of rosin‐based chain extender in the adhesive system. It was found that with the increase of the chain extender content, the thermal resistance, mechanical property, and adhesion property of PURHMA were significantly improved. The tensile strength of adhesive joints increased from 4.15 to 15.53 MPa, and the ultimate lap shear strength increased from 5.76 to 8.92 MPa. More strikingly, the rosin‐based PURHMA exhibited excellent bonding strength even after aging in water (less than 18%).
Fabrication of a Fluorophore/Liquid‐Crystal‐Based Oligopeptide Biosensor for the Detection of Cu (II) Ions
Authors: Amin Noor ul , Kun‐Lin Yang , Majeed Nasir , Siddiqi Humaira Masood 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new sensing methodology has been developed for the detection of Cu(II) ions in water by using biotinylated oligopeptide as a probe whereas liquid crystal (LC) and fluorophore were used as signal reporters. The multidentate oligopeptide ligand was used to investigate Cu(II) as a model metal ion. The alkyl terminal group of the coated dimethyl octadecyl [3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride (DMOAP) was first activated to aldehydic functional group by UV irridiation for 50 seconds. The activated aldehydic functional group was covalent linked with biotinylated oligopeptide via thiolation reaction. As fabricated oligopeptide probe spotted with metal ions was incubated for 30 minutes and followed by tagging with streptavidin‐cyanine‐3 as a fluorophore. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) and fluorescence microarray scanner (FMS) were used as characterization techniques. The developed sensing methodology results were reproducible for different concentrations of model Cu (II) ions as confirmed from the characterization techniques. Our methodology highlighted the detection of Cu(II) ions in water as low as 100 nM, and is the lowest concentration so far reported.
A Colorimetric and Long‐Wavelength “Turn‐On” Fluorescent Probe for Copper Ions Detection with High Selectivity and Sensitivity
Authors: Zeng Xiaodan , Gao Song , Jiang Cheng , Jin Xing , Ma Mingshuo , Liu Zhigang , Chen Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a seminaphthorhodafluor‐based colorimetric and fluorescent probe with the picolinate moiety as a recognition receptor was designed and simply synthesized by a one‐step reaction. The probe was utilized as a long‐wavelength “turn‐on” fluorescent indicator for Cu2+ with high selectivity in the aqueous solution. In addition, the color of probe solution changed from nearly colorless to purple in the presence of Cu2+, and thus the probe could be used as a colorimetric indicator for Cu2+. Furthermore, the linear detection range of Cu2+ was 0–2 μM and the limit of detection (LOD) for detecting Cu2+ was calculated to be 52 nM. These results suggest that this probe has high sensitivity toward Cu2+. Importantly, this probe has been successfully applied to detect Cu2+ in real water samples. Also, the probe can image intracellular Cu2+ through laser confocal fluorescence microscope.
Repeated parallel losses of inflexed stamens in Moraceae: Phylogenomics and generic revision of the tribe Moreae and the reinstatement of the tribe Olmedieae (Moraceae)
Authors: Gardner Elliot M. , Garner Mira , Cowan Robyn , Dodsworth Steven , Epitawalage Niroshini , Arifiani Deby , Sahromi  , Baker William J. , Forest Felix , Maurin Olivier , Zerega Nyree J.C. , Monro Alexandre K. , Hipp Andrew L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a densely sampled phylogenomic study of the mulberry tribe (Moreae, Moraceae), an economically important clade with a global distribution, revealing multiple losses of inflexed stamens, a character traditionally used to circumscribe Moreae. Inflexed stamens facilitate ballistic pollen release and are associated with wind pollination, and the results presented here suggest that losses of this character state may have evolved repeatedly in Moraceae. Neither Moreae nor several of its major genera (Morus, Streblus, Trophis) were found to be monophyletic. A revised system for a monophyletic Moreae is presented, including the reinstatement of the genera Ampalis, Maillardia, Taxotrophis, and Paratrophis, and the recognition of the new genus Afromorus. Pseudostreblus is reinstated and transferred to the Parartocarpeae, and Sloetiopsis is reinstated and transferred to the Dorstenieae. The tribe Olmedieae is reinstated, replacing the Castilleae, owing to the reinstatement of the type Olmedia and its exclusion from Moreae. Streblus s.str. is excluded from Moreae and transferred to the Olmedieae, which is characterized primarily by involucrate inflorescences without regard to stamen position. Nine new combinations are made.
The pangenome of banana highlights differences between genera and genomes
Authors: Rijzaani Habib , Bayer Philipp E. , Rouard Mathieu , Doležel Jaroslav , Batley Jacqueline , Edwards David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBanana (Musaceae family) has a complex genetic history and includes a genus Musa with a variety of cultivated clones with edible fruits, Ensete species that are grown for their edible corm, and monospecific Musella whose generic status has been questioned. The most commonly exported banana cultivars belong to Cavendish, a subgroup of Musa triploid cultivars, which is under threat by fungal pathogens, though there are also related species M. balbisiana Colla (B genome), M. textilis Née (T genome), and M. schizocarpa N. W. Simmonds (S genome), along with hybrids of these genomes, which potentially host genes of agronomic interest. Here we present the first cross‐genus pangenome of banana, which contains representatives of the Musa and Ensete genera. Clusters based on gene presence–absence variation (PAV) clearly separate Musa and Ensete, while Musa is split further based on species. These results present the first pangenome study across genus boundaries and identifies genes that differentiate between Musaceae species, information that may support breeding programs in these crops.
RNA methyltransferase METTL16: Targets and function
Authors: Satterwhite Emily R. , Mansfield Kyle D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methyltransferase METTL16 is an emerging player in the RNA modification landscape of the human cell. Originally thought to be a ribosomal RNA methyltransferase, it has now been shown to bind and methylate the MAT2A messenger RNA (mRNA) and U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA). It has also been shown to bind the MALAT1 long noncoding RNA and several other RNAs. METTL16's methyltransferase domain contains the Rossmann‐like fold of class I methyltransferases and uses S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. It has an RNA methylation consensus sequence of UACAGARAA (modified A underlined), and structural requirements for its known RNA interactors. In addition to the methyltransferase domain, METTL16 protein has two other RNA binding domains, one of which resides in a vertebrate conserved region, and a putative nuclear localization signal. The role of METTL16 in the cell is still being explored, however evidence suggests it is essential for most cells. This is currently hypothesized to be due to its role in regulating the splicing of MAT2A mRNA in response to cellular SAM levels. However, one of the more pressing questions remaining is what role METTL16's methylation of U6 snRNA plays in splicing and potentially cellular survival. METTL16 also has several other putative coding and noncoding RNA interactors but the definitive methylation status of those RNAs and the role METTL16 plays in their life cycle is yet to be determined. Overall, METTL16 is an intriguing RNA binding protein and methyltransferase whose important functions in the cell are just beginning to be understood.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
Rapid Assessment Indicates Context‐Dependent Mitigation for Amphibian Disease Risk
Authors: Bernard Riley F. , Grant Evan H. Campbell 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBatrachochytrium salamandrivorans(Bsal) is a fungal pathogen that can cause the emerging infectious diseaseBsalchytridiomycosis in some amphibians and is currently causing dramatic declines in European urodeles. To date,Bsalhas not been detected in North America but has the potential to cause severe declines in naïve hosts if introduced. Therefore, it is critical that wildlife managers are prepared with effective management actions to combat the fungus. Research has been initiated to identify strategies; however, managers need guidance to prepare for an outbreak until results are available. We conducted a workshop at the Joint Meeting of The Wildlife Society and American Fisheries Society on 30 September 2019 with participants of aBsalsymposium. Our goals were to describe the expected effects of 11 management actions that could be implemented forBsalin salamander communities in the northwestern, northeastern, and southeastern United States. Participants expected a variety of proposed management actions to decrease pathogen transmission and increase host survival, but also that the selection of a management action may depend on the specific membership of the amphibian community. Collectively, our assessment will help refine research and modeling priorities in an effort to mitigate the risk ofBsalto native U.S. amphibians. © 2021 The Wildlife Society. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
The first law of heterotic stringy black hole mechanics at zeroth order in α′
Authors: Elgood Zachary , Mitsios Dimitrios , Ortín Tomás , Pereñíguez David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We prove the first law of black hole mechanics in the context of the Heterotic Superstring effective action compactified on a torus to leading order in α′, using Wald’s formalism, covariant Lie derivatives and momentum maps. The Kalb-Ramond field strength of this theory has Abelian Chern-Simons terms which induce Nicolai-Townsend transformations of the Kalb-Ramond field. We show how to deal with all these gauge symmetries deriving the first law in terms of manifestly gauge-invariant quantities. In presence of Chern-Simons terms, several definitions of the conserved charges exist, but the formalism picks up only one of them to play a role in the first law. We study explicitly a non-extremal, charged, black ring solution of pure $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, d = 5 supergravity embedded in the Heterotic Superstring effective field theory.This work is a first step towards the derivation of the first law at first order in α′ where, more complicated, non-Abelian, Lorentz (“gravitational”) and Yang-Mills Chern-Simons terms are included in the Kalb-Ramond field strength. The derivation of a first law is a necessary step towards the derivation of a manifestly gauge-invariant entropy formula which is still lacking in the literature. In its turn, this entropy formula is needed to compare unambiguously macroscopic and microscopic black hole entropies.
Reparameterization dependence is useful for holographic complexity
Authors: Mounim Ayoub , Mück Wolfgang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Holographic complexity in the “complexity equals action” approach is reconsidered relaxing the requirement of reparameterization invariance of the action with the prescription that the action vanish in any static, vacuum causal diamond. This implies that vacuum anti-de Sitter space plays the role of the reference state. Moreover, the complexity of an anti-de Sitter-Schwarzschild black hole becomes intrinsically finite and saturates Lloyd’s bound after a critical time. It is also argued that several artifacts, such as the unphysical negative-time interval, can be removed by truly considering the bulk dual of the thermofield double state.
Black hole S-matrix for a scalar field
Authors: Betzios Panos , Gaddam Nava , Papadoulaki Olga 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe describe a unitary scattering process, as observed from spatial infinity, of massless scalar particles on an asymptotically flat Schwarzschild black hole background. In order to do so, we split the problem in two different regimes governing the dynamics of the scattering process. The first describes the evolution of the modes in the region away from the horizon and can be analysed in terms of the effective Regge-Wheeler potential. In the near horizon region, where the Regge-Wheeler potential becomes insignificant, the WKB geometric optics approximation of Hawking’s is replaced by the near-horizon gravitational scattering matrix that captures non-perturbative soft graviton exchanges near the horizon. We perform an appropriate matching for the scattering solutions of these two dynamical problems and compute the resulting Bogoliubov relations, that combines both dynamics. This allows us to formulate an S-matrix for the scattering process that is manifestly unitary. We discuss the analogue of the (quasi)-normal modes in this setup and the emergence of gravitational echoes that follow an original burst of radiation as the excited black hole relaxes to equilibrium.