bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practices and perceptions at the COVID‐19 transition in undergraduate animal science courses
Authors: Erickson MaryGrace , Wattiaux Michel A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe swift transition to remote learning in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic presented substantial challenges for both students and instructors in post‐secondary natural sciences education. To examine teaching practices and student engagement during the emergency remote learning in the Spring 2020 semester, we surveyed 10 instructors and 261 students in an animal and dairy sciences department at a large midwestern university. Instructors reported using a diversity of teaching practices. On average, students perceived high teaching presence and cognitive presence and moderate social presence during emergency remote learning. Student‐reported educational experience differed substantially between courses and explained a significant amount of variance in student engagement and satisfaction outcomes (p < .001). Open‐ended responses revealed beliefs and attributions about remote learning that shaped students’ interpretations of educational experiences. Results support the validity of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework for assessing emergency remote learning and suggest future research on modulators of social presence.
Active and passive seismic surface wave methods for levee assessment in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, USA
Authors: Craig Mitchell S. , Hayashi Koichi , Kozacı Özgür 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTSeismic surveys were performed using a novel application of combined active and passive surface wave methods to evaluate the integrity of levees protecting islands in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, USA, from flooding. Delta islands have been undergoing rapid subsidence during the past century due to farming practices that have led to the loss of a surficial peat layer. A large earthquake on any one of several active faults in the region could cause multiple levee failures and extensive flooding in the Delta. Surface wave surveys were carried out along the crest of levees using the active method (2D multichannel analysis of surface waves) and along the base of levees using the passive method (microtremor array method). This allowed 2D seismic S‐wave velocity (VS) profiles to be prepared for each site by combining shallow data from the active survey along the crown of the levee with deeper data from a passive survey along the toe of the levee. TheseVS profiles reveal a low‐velocity peat layer beneath the levee body that was confirmed by geotechnical borehole logs. Lateral variability of the levee was evaluated using average velocity to the base of the levee versus along‐levee distance.
Para‐ortho hydrogen conversion: Solving a 90‐year old mystery
Authors: Zhang Xia , Karman Tijs , Groenenboom Gerrit C. , van der Avoird Ad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlmost ninety years have passed since the experiments of Farkas and Sachsse [Z. Phys. Chem. B 1933; 23:1] on para‐ortho hydrogen conversion catalyzed by paramagnetic species such as O, but a detailed and quantitative understanding of the conversion process and its temperature dependence was still lacking. Here, we present a complete and quantitative theoretical treatment of this catalytic process. Both interactions causing the conversion are included: the magnetic dipole‐dipole coupling between the electron spin of O and the nuclear spins in H and the Fermi contact coupling from spin densities at the H‐nuclei induced by O. The latter were extracted from ab initio electronic structure calculations. State‐to‐state conversion cross sections and rate coefficients are obtained from quantum mechanical coupled‐channel calculations including the full anisotropic O‐H interaction potential and by treating both the spin‐dependent couplings perturbatively. The total rate coefficient agrees with the experimental value recently measured by Wagner [Magn. Reson. Mater. Phys., Biol. Med. 2014; 27:195] in O‐H gas mixtures and explains the temperature dependence observed in the 1933 measurements mentioned above.Key points
two species of hydrogen, para and ortho
conversion finally explained by ab initio theory
para‐hydrogen induced polarization in NMR and MRI
The first archaeological case of permanent teeth fusion in Europe
Authors: Collina Federica , Conti Sara , Menetti Maria , Scheda Lorenzo , Sorrentino Rita , Benazzi Stefano 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTeeth fusion is a developmental anomaly characterized by the union of two and, more rarely, three adjacent teeth. The fusion is caused by the physical pressure between two adjacent teeth during their development due to congenital, inherited, acquired or idiopathic factors. Nowadays, fused teeth occur with a frequency ratio between 0.1% and 1% in permanent dentition and 0.5% and 2.5% in primary dentition, and with an equal distribution between males and females. Fused teeth are a rare clinical finding, so there are not standardized clinical protocols and each case should be treated independently. This condition is rare in archaeological populations, likely due to taphonomic processes that cause the lack of information, as well as for the general low occurrence of the defect itself. In the European archaeological literature, there are no reports of two permanent fused teeth so far. Therefore, the present paper represents the first case study of two fused permanent incisors in the past Europe populations as this anomaly has been recognized in an adult man buried in the Longobard cemetery of Guidizzolo (VI–VII century A.D., northern Italy).
On the Heterogeneous Nature of Cisplatin‐1‐Methyluracil Complexes: Coexistence of Different Aggregation Modes and Partial Loss of NH3 Ligands as Likely Explanation
Authors: Pullen Sonja , Hegmans Alexander , Hiller Wolf G. , Platzek André , Freisinger Eva , Lippert Bernhard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe conversion of the 1 : 1‐complex of Cisplatin with 1‐methyluracil (1MeUH), cis‐[Pt(NH3)2(1MeU‐N3)Cl] (1 a) to the aqua species cis‐[Pt(NH3)2(1MeU‐N3)(OH2)]+ (1 b), achieved by reaction of 1 a with AgNO3 in water, affords a mixture of compounds, the composition of which strongly depends on sample history. The complexity stems from variations in condensation patterns and partial loss of NH3 ligands. In dilute aqueous solution, 1 a, and dinuclear compounds cis‐[(NH3)2(1MeU‐N3)Pt(μ‐OH)Pt(1MeU‐N3)(NH3)2]+(3) as well as head‐tail cis‐[Pt2(NH3)4(μ‐1MeU‐N3,O4)2]2+ (4) represent the major components. In addition, there are numerous other species present in minor quantities, which differ in metal nuclearity, stoichiometry, stereoisomerism, and Pt oxidation state, as revealed by a combination of 1H NMR and ESI‐MS spectroscopy. Their composition appears not to be the consequence of a unique and repeating coordination pattern of the 1MeU ligand in oligomers but rather the coexistence of distinctly different condensation patterns, which include μ‐OH, μ‐1MeU, and μ‐NH2 bridging and combinations thereof. Consequently, the products obtained should, in total, be defined as a heterogeneous mixture rather than a mixture of oligomers of different sizes. In addition, a N2 complex, [Pt(NH3)(1MeU)(N2)]+ appears to be formed in gas phase during the ESI‐MS experiment. In the presence of Na+ ions, multimers n of 1 a with n=2, 3, 4 are formed that represent analogues of non‐metalated uracil quartets found in tetrastranded RNA.
The Effects of Special Education on the Academic Performance of Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Schwartz Amy Ellen , Hopkins Bryant Gregory , Stiefel Leanna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the 40‐plus years since the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, special education has grown in the number of students and amount spent on services. Despite this growth, academic performance of students with disabilities remains troublingly low compared to general education students. To some extent, these differences reflect persistent underlying disabilities, but they also may reflect ineffective services. Does special education improve academic outcomes for students with disabilities? There is surprisingly little evidence to guide policy and answer this question. This paper provides an answer for the largest disability group, students with specific learning disabilities (LDs), using rich New York City public school data. Because the majority of LDs are classified after school entry, we observe outcomes before and after classification, allowing us to estimate impacts using within‐student pre/post comparisons (student fixed effects) and an intent‐to‐treat specification. We find that academic outcomes improve for LDs following classification into special education and impacts are largest for those entering special education in earlier grades. Attendance, however, shows little change after classification. Results are robust to alternative specifications and falsification tests bolster confidence in a causal interpretation. Differences in impacts by gender, race/ethnicity, grade of classification, and settings illuminate possible mechanisms.
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney in Austrian children: Long‐term survival after relapse
Authors: Friesenbichler Waltraud , Lüftinger Roswitha , Kropshofer Gabriele , Henkel Martin , Amann Gabriele , Furtwängler Rhoikos , Graf Norbert , Kager Leo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionClear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare malignant childhood renal tumour. Recently, the central nervous system (CNS) was found to be the most frequent site of relapse associated with a poor outcome. Optimal treatment strategies are scarce.Patients and MethodsRetrospective data analysis of all Austrian children with CCSK. They were enrolled in the Austrian‐Hungarian Wilms Tumour Study (AHWTS) 1989, the SIOP93‐01 or the SIOP2001 study between 1990 and 2019. Demographic, diagnostic, treatment‐related variables and survival data were analysed.ResultsWe identified 12 children with CCSK (M = 7, F = 5; median age 1.6 years). All had localised disease (stage I: 2; stage II: 2; stage III: 8) at diagnosis, and a first complete remission (CR1) was achieved in 12/12. Six patients are in an ongoing CR1 (median follow‐up 10 years). Six other patients had a relapse (local 1; brain 5) a median time of 2.4 years from diagnosis. Two patients died of the disease 4 months and 2.8 years after first relapse. Four of five patients with CNS relapse are in CR2 with a median follow‐up time of 9.3 years after relapse diagnosis. Relapse treatment included a combination of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. Two children received high‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell rescue, and one child received intrathecal mafosphamide. Long‐term side effects after treatment were impaired tubular renal function (n = 4), cardiomyopathy (n = 1) and growth disorders (n = 1).ConclusionsIn this series, the brain was the most common site of relapse. Long‐term survival after recurrence was achievable with intensive multimodal therapy.
Fabrication and mechanical properties of TiO2 polymer‐matrix nanocomposite and its 3D woven composite
Authors: Gong Yaohua , Zhang Xun'an , Huang Tao , Li Xinghao , Suo Yongyong , Zhao Shuyi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present work aims to study the effect of nano‐TiO2 modified epoxy on the tension, compression, and fracture toughness properties of nano‐doped polymer (NP) and nano‐doped 3D woven (NW) composites. Nanoparticles are dispersed into epoxy using high‐speed shear mixing and ultrasonication processes. Vacuum‐assisted resin infusion molding process is utilized to prepare the woven composites. The results indicate that nanoparticle addition can improve the tensile modulus and compressive strength of NP composites. The best improvement for fracture toughness of NP composites and compressive strength of NW composites appears at 8 wt% addition. No obvious changes are observed for tensile modulus and strength of NW composites in both warp and weft directions. However, the decreasing trend is observed for the tensile strength of NP composites. Scanning electron microscope images are observed to evaluate the failure mechanisms of the NP and NW composites.
Quantitative determination of isoflavonoids in Ononis species by UPLC‐UV‐DAD
Authors: Gampe Nóra , Nagy Erzsébet , Kursinszki László , Béni Szabolcs 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe root of the Ononis species has been used internally and externally in ethnomedicine for centuries and contains biologically valuable isoflavonoid compounds. Therefore, it is important to obtain quantitative information about the isoflavonoid profile of these plants.ObjectivesIn this article we aimed to develop an optimised sample preparation protocol alongside a validated method for the quantitative measurement of isoflavones, isoflavanones and pterocarpans in the form of glucosides and aglycones, in order to compare the specialised metabolites of Ononis spinosa L. and O. arvensis L.Material and methodsQuantitative determination was carried out by the means of ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet diode‐array detection (UPLC‐UV‐DAD).ResultsAn optimised sample preparation method was developed to transform malonyl glucosides to their glucosidic forms. Chromatographic methods were created for the baseline separation of isoflavones, isoflavanones and pterocarpans alongside with their glucosides. Altogether 12 compounds were evaluated quantitatively in samples of O. spinosa and O. arvensis.ConclusionAs a result, no characteristic change could be observed between the two species regarding their isoflavonoid pattern.
Aesthetic principles, the arts, and the interpretation of culture
Authors: von Brück Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCulture is symbolism. Symbols allow a distance between perception and interpretation and create space for intentional action. Science, the arts, and religions are different cultural strategies to transcend sensual perception and open up the search and representation of structures and relations in and yet beyond sensual experience. The arts demonstrate, interpret, and invent such connectivities. Knowing, feeling, and representing hidden structures influence the very ways of perception, which are categorized in theories of perception called aesthetics. The processual and non‐dual character of perception can be modeled not only on the basis of the well‐known distinctions in European epistemologies (based on Platonic and Aristotelian modes of thinking) but on the Buddhist theory of skandhas, which might be able to transcend the dualism of matter and mind. The dynamics of perception will be explained on this basis using the categories of beauty and sublime and veiling and revealing (unveiling). The central category of aesthetic processes is similarity or variation, being expressed in fractal proportions and relationships in the processes of knowing and feeling.
Aristotle's dream: Evolutionary and neural aspects of aesthetic communication in the arts
Authors: Sütterlin Christa , Yu Xinchi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArt in general perception is something that transcends our notion of reality. In view of the earliest findings in Paleolithic sites, their abstract appearance and sometimes ceremonial context increased their status of a secret language. Even the first figurative cave paintings remained in a context of an encoded semantic whole. The highly symbolic value of art seemed invulnerable. It was just the claim for “mimesis” in Greek antiquity (Plato) that urged artists to “realistically” depict what can be seen—as to stay in track of eternal messages behind. This devaluated the artistic oeuvre to a purely imitating craft and had to overcome at once several inherent obstacles. First, that reality (the phenomenal world) is in general only a pale reflection of what lays behind (Platonic ideas) and second, that the human eye, unlike the human mind, cannot penetrate to more than ephemeral impressions. Moreover, it mixed up reality with what we are able to see (i.e. visual perception), thus supposing a pinpoint representation of the world by our senses. Aristotle was the first to qualify art as picturing more than we usually are meant to see, filling the gap between the sensual and the spiritual world. Aristotelian aesthetics includes concepts of reduction and selection of composition and emotion, thus a summarized view within any performance of poetics or painting. And it took centuries to close the gap between natural and aesthetic perception or art. Life sciences in the 20th century discovered the evolutionary basis of sensory perception as being highly biased and organized, concept as emotion‐driven and thus, mentally equipped as well. This sets a new approach in our understanding of perception, art, and aesthetics as an ongoing communication in process on common bases. Art may cooperate or disagree, but never can cut the nexus with its perceptual prejudices and substrate.
Predictors of a response to dexmedetomidine in intubated, critically ill adult patients
Authors: DiCesare Michael A. , Rech Megan A. , DeMott Joshua M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDexmedetomidine is a centrally acting α‐2 receptor agonist used to maintain light analgosedation in mechanically ventilated adults. This study was conducted to determine factors predictive of successful maintenance of light sedation (Richmond Agitation‐Sedation Scale (RASS) 0 to −2) for ≥60% of the first 48 h of mechanical ventilation with dexmedetomidine.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective, cohort study of critically ill adult patients receiving dexmedetomidine and admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) between January 1, 2013, and August 31, 2019. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed in patients receiving dexmedetomidine for sedation to assess patient and clinical characteristics associated with a positive clinical response to dexmedetomidine.ResultsOf 1065 patients reviewed for study inclusion, 158 patients were included. Sixty‐two percent of patients initiated on dexmedetomidine to maintain light sedation were able to remain within this sedation target ≥60% of the time during the first 48 hours of therapy. Patients maintained within the target RASS score ≥60% of the time had a higher percentage of ventilator‐free days at 14 days (p = 0.044). The odds of having a mean time within goal RASS score ≥60% in the first 48 hours of mechanical ventilation after intubation were decreased by 9% for every point increase in sequential organ failure assessment score (odds ratio: 0.91, 95% confidence interval: 0.82–0.99).ConclusionPatients were less likely to maintain light sedation with dexmedetomidine as their degree of critical illness increased. The duration of time maintained within goal sedation after dexmedetomidine initiation and the impact on patient outcomes remain a research priority.
Enhancing piezoelectricity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) nano‐wrapped yarns with an innovative yarn electrospinning technique
Authors: Peng Hao‐Kai , Wu Meng‐Meng , Wang Yan‐Ting , Li Ting‐Ting , Sun Fei , Lou Ching‐Wen , Lin Jia‐Horng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPiezoelectric textiles have earned widespread acceptance in the application of wearable sensors owing to the stabilized energy conversion properties, high sensitivities and steady mechanical properties. In this study, silver‐coated nylon yarns are used as a core with poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibers as a wrap material, forming piezoelectric wrapped yarns. The effect of spinning process parameters on the structure and crystallinity of the piezoelectric yarn is investigated through studying the mechanical properties, β‐phase ratio, crystallinity and piezoelectric properties. The results indicate that the crystallinity of the wrapped yarn reaches 49.57% in this experiment, and when used for piezoelectricity, the piezoelectric voltage constant can reach up to 0.4323 mV m N−1. The wrapped yarns possess good softness and structural advantages of the sensing layer and thus show a great variety of application potential, such as in wearable and flexible sensors. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Burnout in oncology: Magnitude, risk factors and screening among professionals from Middle East and North Africa (BOMENA study)
Authors: Abusanad Atlal , Bensalem Assia , Shash Emad , Mula‐Hussain Layth , Benbrahim Zineb , Khatib Sami , Abdelhafiz Nafisa , Ansari Jawaher , Jradi Hoda , Alkattan Khaled , Jazieh Abdul R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBurnout (BO) among oncology professionals (OP) is increasingly being recognized. Early recognition and intervention can positively affect the quality of care and patient safety. This study investigated the prevalence, work and lifestyle factors affecting BO among OPs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).MethodsAn online survey was conducted among MENA OPs between 10 February and 15 March 2020, using the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA), including questions regarding demography/work‐related factors and attitudes towards oncology. Data were analysed to measure BO prevalence and risk factors and explore a screening question for BO.ResultsOf 1054 respondents, 1017 participants (64% medical oncologists, 77% aged less than 45 years, 55% female, 74% married, 67% with children and 40% practiced a hobby) were eligible. The BO prevalence was 68% with high levels of EE and DP (35% and 57% of participants, respectively) and low PA scores (49%). BO was significantly associated with age less than 44 years, administrative work greater than 25% per day and the thought of quitting oncology (TQ). Practising a hobby, enjoying oncology communication and appreciating oncology work–life balance were associated with a reduced BO score and prevalence. North African countries reported the highest BO prevalence. Lack of BO education/support was identified among 72% of participants and TQ‐predicted burnout in 77%.ConclusionsThis is the largest BO study in MENA. The BO prevalence was high and several modifiable risk factors were identified, requiring urgent action. TQ is a simple and reliable screening tool for BO.
Oxidative Precipitation as a Versatile Method to Obtain Ferromagnetic Fe3O4 Nano‐ and Mesocrystals Adjustable in Morphology and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Granath Tim , Löbmann Peer , Mandel Karl 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOxidative precipitation is a facile synthesis method to obtain ferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles from ferrous salts—with unexplored potential. The concentration of base and oxidant alone strongly affects the particle's structure and thus their magnetic properties despite the same material, magnetite (Fe3O4), is obtained when precipitated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) from ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and treated with potassium nitrate (KNO3) at appropriate temperature. Depending on the potassium hydroxide and potassium nitrate concentrations, it is possible to obtain a series of different types of either single crystals or mesocrystals. The time‐dependent mesocrystal evolution can be revealed via electron microscopy and provides insights into the process of oriented attachment, yielding faceted particles, showing a facet‐dependent reactivity. It is found that it is the nitrate and hydroxide concentration that influences the ligand exchange process and thus the crystallization pathways. The presence of sulfate ions contributes to the mesocrystal evolution as well, as sulfate apparently hinders further crystal fusion, as revealed via infrared spectroscopy. Finally, it is found that nitrite, as one possible and ecologically highly relevant reduction product occurring in nature in context with iron, only evolves if the reaction is quantitative.