bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Ancient Adaptation to Intertidal Environments by Red Algae Based on a Genomic and Multiomics Investigation of Neoporphyra haitanensis
Authors: Chen Haimin , Chu Jeffrey Shih-Chieh , Chen Juanjuan , Luo Qijun , Wang Huan , Lu Rui , Zhu Zhujun , Yuan Gaigai , Yi Xinxin , Mao Youzhi , Lu Caiping , Wang Zekai , Gu Denghui , Jin Zhen , Zhang Caixia , Weng Ziyu , Li Shuang , Yan Xiaojun , Yang Rui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Colonization of land from marine environments was a major transition for biological life on Earth, and intertidal adaptation was a key evolutionary event in the transition from marine- to land-based lifestyles. Multicellular intertidal red algae exhibit the earliest, systematic, and successful adaptation to intertidal environments, with Porphyra sensu lato (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) being a typical example. Here, a chromosome-level 49.67 Mb genome for Neoporphyra haitanensis comprising 9,496 gene loci is described based on metagenome-Hi-C-assisted whole-genome assembly, which allowed the isolation of epiphytic bacterial genome sequences from a seaweed genome for the first time. The compact, function-rich N. haitanensis genome revealed that ancestral lineages of red algae share common horizontal gene transfer events and close relationships with epiphytic bacterial populations. Specifically, the ancestor of N. haitanensis obtained unique lipoxygenase family genes from bacteria for complex chemical defense, carbonic anhydrases for survival in shell-borne conchocelis lifestyle stages, and numerous genes involved in stress tolerance. Combined proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses revealed complex regulation of rapid responses to intertidal dehydration/rehydration cycling within N. haitanensis. These adaptations include rapid regulation of its photosynthetic system, a readily available capacity to utilize ribosomal stores, increased methylation activity to rapidly synthesize proteins, and a strong anti-oxidation system to dissipate excess redox energy upon exposure to air. These novel insights into the unique adaptations of red algae to intertidal lifestyles inform our understanding of adaptations to intertidal ecosystems and the unique evolutionary steps required for intertidal colonization by biological life.
Knockout of Zeb2 ameliorates progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a mouse model of renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Inotani Satoshi , Taniguchi Yoshinori , Nakamura Keisyun , Nishikawa Hirofumi , Matsumoto Tatsuki , Horino Taro , Fujimoto Shimpei , Sano Shigetoshi , Yanagita Motoko , Terada Yoshio 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Zeb2, a zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox transcription factor, regulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway. However, its role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and AKI-to-chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition is unclear.

Methods
We evaluated Zeb2 function in a bilateral renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced AKI model using proximal tubule-specific Zeb2 conditional knockout (Zeb2-cKO) and wild-type (WT) mice, and in renal biopsy samples.

Results
In Zeb2-cKO mice, the levels of plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen post-IRI were significantly lower than that in WT mice. Immunohistological analysis revealed mild tubular injury, reduced neutrophil infiltration, fewer fibrotic changes and reduced expression of fibrotic proteins [collagen type IV, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)], at 3–14 days post-IRI. Zeb2 expression was upregulated in proximal tubular cells post-IRI in WT mice. Zeb2 siRNA transfection reduced TGF-β-stimulated mRNA and protein expression of collagen type IV, α-SMA, fibronectin and CTGF in cultured renal tubular cells. Patients with AKI-to-CKD transition exhibited high Zeb2 expression in renal tubules, as revealed by renal biopsy. Hypoxia and CoCl2-treatment upregulated Zeb2 promoter activity and mRNA and protein expression in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells, suggesting a regulatory role for hypoxia.

Conclusions
Zeb2 was upregulated in renal tissues in both mice and humans with AKI. Zeb2 regulates fibrotic pathways in the pathogenesis of AKI and AKI-to-CKD transition. Therefore, inhibition of Zeb2 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for AKI.
Highlights of light meson spectroscopy at the BESIII experiment
Authors: Jin Shan , Shen Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hadron spectroscopy provides a way to understand the dynamics of the strong interaction. For light hadron systems, only phenomenological models or lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are applicable, because of the failure of perturbation expansions for QCD at low energy. Experimental data on light hadron spectroscopy are therefore crucial to provide necessary constraints on various theoretical models. Light meson spectroscopy has been studied using charmonium decays with the Beijing Spectrometer Experiment (BES) at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider, operating at 2.0–4.6 GeV center-of-mass energy, for nearly three decades. Charmonium data with unprecedented statistics and well-defined initial and final states provide BESIII with unique opportunities to search for glueballs, hybrids and multi-quark states, as well as perform systematic studies of the properties of conventional light mesons. In this article, we review BESIII results that address these issues.
Blood Nicotine Predicts the Behavioral Economic Abuse Liability of Reduced-Nicotine Cigarettes
Authors: Kaplan Brent A , Crill Elisa M , Franck Christopher T , Bickel Warren K , Koffarnus Mikhail N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Cigarette smoking continues to be a major health concern and remains the leading preventable cause of death in the US. Recent efforts have been made to determine the potential health and policy benefits of reducing nicotine in combustible cigarettes. The degree to which changes in blood nicotine relate to measures of the abuse liability of reduced-nicotine cigarettes is unknown. The current study examined the relation between blood nicotine and behavioral economic demand measures of cigarettes differing in nicotine content.

Methods
Using a within-subject design, participants smoked a single cigarette during each experimental session. Cigarettes included the participant’s usual-brand cigarette and SPECTRUM investigational cigarette differing in nicotine level (mg of nicotine to g of tobacco; 15.8 mg/g, 5.2 mg/g, 2.4 mg/g, 1.3 mg/g, and 0.4 mg/g). During each session, blood was collected at multiple timepoints and behavioral economic demand was assessed. Nonlinear mixed-effects models were used to estimate differences in derived intensity (Q0) and change in elasticity (α).

Results
Measures of blood nicotine decreased in an orderly fashion related to nicotine level and significantly predicted change in elasticity (α), but not derived intensity. No differences in demand parameters between the usual brand and 15.8mg/g cigarettes were observed. However, α was significantly higher (lower valuation) for 0.4mg/g than 15.8mg/g cigarettes.

Conclusions
The lowest nicotine level (0.4mg/g) corresponded with the lowest abuse liability (α) compared to the full-strength control (15.8mg/g), with the 1.3mg/g level also resulting in low abuse liability.

Implications
This is the first study examining the relative contributions of nicotine content in cigarettes and blood nicotine levels on the behavioral economic demand abuse liability of cigarettes ranging in nicotine content. Our results suggest blood nicotine and nicotine content both predict behavioral economic demand abuse liability. In addition, our results suggest a nicotine content of 1.3mg/g or lower may be effective at reducing cigarette uptake among first-time (naïve) smokers. Our results largely conform to previous findings suggesting a very low nicotine content cigarette maintains lower abuse liability than full-strength cigarettes.
Assessment and outcomes of firefighter applicants with possible asthma
Authors: Kabir T , Schofield S , Fitzgerald B , Cannon J , Szram J , Feary J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Firefighter applicants (FFAs) with a history of asthma may be refused entry to the fire service because of potentially putting themselves and others at risk.

Aims
We undertook a service evaluation to identify respiratory and employment outcomes of FFAs with a history of asthma who had undergone additional respiratory assessment at our specialist occupational lung disease clinic during 2005–19.

Methods
We reviewed FFA medical records and categorized them as having either no current asthma or definite/probable asthma at the time of clinic assessment. ‘No current asthma’ was defined as negative non-specific bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) to histamine/methacholine, and no symptoms or treatment within the 2 years before clinic. ‘Definite/probable current asthma’ was defined as either positive BHR, or negative BHR with symptoms and/or treatment within the previous 2 years. Around 1 year later, we contacted FFAs to enquire about their application outcome and current respiratory symptoms.

Results
Data were available on 116 applicants; of whom, 45% (n = 52) had definite/probable current asthma and were significantly more likely to be older, atopic to common aeroallergens, report atopic disease and have a lower forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio compared with applicants with no current asthma. Only two individuals’ applications were rejected due to asthma. At follow-up, just 2 (2%) of the 90 operational firefighters reported any recent trouble with asthma.

Conclusions
A history of asthma alone is not sufficient to determine current asthma in FFAs. Even with a diagnosis of current asthma, FFAs are mostly successful in their application to join the fire service.
Phosphorylated B6 vitamer deficiency in SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 4 mutants compromises shoot and root development
Authors: Gorelova Vera , Colinas Maite , Dell’Aglio Elisa , Flis Paulina , Salt David E , Fitzpatrick Teresa B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Stunted growth in saline conditions is a signature phenotype of the Arabidopsis SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE mutants (sos1-5) affected in pathways regulating the salt stress response. One of the mutants isolated, sos4, encodes a kinase that phosphorylates pyridoxal (PL), a B6 vitamer, forming the important coenzyme pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP). Here, we show that sos4-1 and more recently isolated alleles are deficient in phosphorylated B6 vitamers including PLP. This deficit is concomitant with a lowered PL level. Ionomic profiling of plants under standard laboratory conditions (without salt stress) reveals that sos4 mutants are perturbed in mineral nutrient homeostasis, with a hyperaccumulation of transition metal micronutrients particularly in the root, accounting for stress sensitivity. This is coincident with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, as well as enhanced lignification and suberization of the endodermis, although the Casparian strip is intact and functional. Further, micrografting shows that SOS4 activity in the shoot is necessary for proper root development. Growth under very low light alleviates the impairments, including salt sensitivity, suggesting that SOS4 is important for developmental processes under moderate light intensities. Our study provides a basis for the integration of SOS4 derived B6 vitamers into plant health and fitness.
RLB (RICE LATERAL BRANCH) recruits PRC2-mediated H3K27 tri-methylation on OsCKX4 to regulate lateral branching
Authors: Wang Huimei , Tong Xiaohong , Tang Liqun , Wang Yifeng , Zhao Juan , Li Zhiyong , Liu Xixi , Shu Yazhou , Yin Man , Adegoke Tosin Victor , Liu Wanning , Wang Shuang , Xu Huayu , Ying Jiezheng , Yuan Wenya , Yao Jialing , Zhang Jian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lateral branches such as shoot and panicle are determining factors and target traits for rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield improvement. Cytokinin promotes rice lateral branching; however, the mechanism underlying the fine-tuning of cytokinin homeostasis in rice branching remains largely unknown. Here, we report the map-based cloning of RICE LATERAL BRANCH (RLB) encoding a nuclear-localized, KNOX-type homeobox protein from a rice cytokinin-deficient mutant showing more tillers, sparser panicles, defected floret morphology as well as attenuated shoot regeneration from callus. RLB directly binds to the promoter and represses the transcription of OsCKX4, a cytokinin oxidase gene with high abundance in panicle branch meristem. OsCKX4 over-expression lines phenocopied rlb, which showed upregulated OsCKX4 levels. Meanwhile, RLB physically binds to Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) components OsEMF2b and co-localized with H3K27me3, a suppressing histone modification mediated by PRC2, in the OsCKX4 promoter. We proposed that RLB recruits PRC2 to the OsCKX4 promoter to epigenetically repress its transcription, which suppresses the catabolism of cytokinin, thereby promoting rice lateral branching. Moreover, antisense inhibition of OsCKX4 under the LOG promoter successfully increased panicle size and spikelet number per plant without affecting other major agronomic traits. This study provides insight into cytokinin homeostasis, lateral branching in plants, and also promising target genes for rice genetic improvement.
New-onset inflammatory bowel diseases among IL-17 inhibitor-treated patients: results from the case–control MISSIL study
Authors: Letarouilly Jean-Guillaume , Pham Thao , Pierache Adeline , Acquacalda Émilie , Banneville Béatrice , Barbarot Sébastien , Baudart Pauline , Bauer Élodie , Claudepierre Pascal , Constantin Arnaud , Dernis Emmanuelle , Felten Renaud , Gaudin Philippe , Girard Céline , Gombert Bruno , Goupille Philippe , Guennoc Xavier , Henry-Desailly Isabelle , Jullien Denis , Karimova Elena , Lanot Sylvain , Le Dantec Loïc , Pascart Tristan , Plastaras Laurianne , Sultan Nathalie , Truchet Xavier , Varin Stéphane , Wendling Daniel , Gaboriau Louise , Staumont-Sallé Delphine , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Flipo René-Marc 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To describe new-onset IBD (new IBD) in patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors (IL-17i), to assess their incidence and to identify their risk factors in real life.

Methods
A French national registry (MISSIL) aimed to report all cases of new IBD in patients treated with IL-17i from January 2016 to December 2019. Using the estimated number of patients treated by IL-17 in France during the study period, the annual incidence rates of new IBD was reported in IL-17i-treated patients. A case–control study was performed with two controls per new IBD case matched by gender, age and underlying inflammatory disease.

Results
Thirty-one cases of new IBD under IL-17i were collected: 27 patients treated for spondyloarthritis and four patients for psoriasis. All were observed with secukinumab (SEK). The median time to onset of new IBD symptoms was 4.0 (1.5–7.5) months. SEK was discontinued in all patients. The evolution was favourable with complete resolution (17/31), improvement (7/31) or stabilization (5/31). Two patients died: one due to a massive myocardial infarction and one due to post-colectomy complications. The incidence of new IBD decreased from 0.69/100 patient-years [PY] (7/1010) in 2016 to 0.08/100 PY (6/7951) in 2019. No previous treatment with etanercept (odds ratio [OR] = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.80, P = 0.014) and low number of previous biologic therapies (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.94, P = 0.021) were significantly associated with new IBD.

Conclusion
The incidence of new IBD was low and decreased from 2016 to 2019. The outcome was favourable in 24 out of 31 patients, but two patients died.
Long non-coding RNA expression profiling of subchondral bone reveals AC005165.1 modifying FRZB expression during osteoarthritis
Authors: Tuerlings Margo , van Hoolwerff Marcella , van Bokkum Jessica M , Suchiman H Eka D , Lakenberg Nico , Broekhuis Demiën , Nelissen Rob G H H , Ramos Yolande F M , Mei Hailiang , Cats Davy , Coutinho de Almeida Rodrigo , Meulenbelt Ingrid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
To gain insight in the expression profile of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in OA subchondral bone.

Methods
RNA sequencing data of macroscopically preserved and lesioned OA subchondral bone of patients that underwent joint replacement surgery due to OA (N = 22 pairs; 5 hips, 17 knees, Research osteoArthrits Articular Tissue (RAAK study) was run through an in-house pipeline to detect expression of lncRNAs. Differential expression analysis between preserved and lesioned bone was performed. Spearman correlations were calculated between differentially expressed lncRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs identified previously in the same samples. Primary osteogenic cells were transfected with locked nucleic acid (LNA) GapmeRs targeting AC005165.1 lncRNA, to functionally investigate its potential mRNA targets.

Results
In total, 2816 lncRNAs were well-expressed in subchondral bone and we identified 233 lncRNAs exclusively expressed in knee and 307 lncRNAs exclusively in hip. Differential expression analysis, using all samples (N = 22 pairs; 5 hips, 17 knees), resulted in 21 differentially expressed lncRNAs [false discovery rate (FDR) &lt; 0.05, fold change (FC) range 1.19–7.39], including long intergenic non-protein coding RNA (LINC) 1411 (LINC01411, FC = 7.39, FDR = 2.20 × 10−8), AC005165.1 (FC = 0.44, FDR = 2.37 × 10−6) and empty spiracles homeobox 2 opposite strand RNA (EMX2OS, FC = 0.41, FDR = 7.64 × 10−3). Among the differentially expressed lncRNAs, five were also differentially expressed in articular cartilage, including AC005165.1, showing similar direction of effect. Downregulation of AC005165.1 in primary osteogenic cells resulted in consistent downregulation of highly correlated frizzled related protein (FRZB).

Conclusion
The current study identified a novel lncRNA, AC005165.1, being dysregulated in OA articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Downregulation of AC005165.1 caused a decreased expression of OA risk gene FRZB, an important member of the wnt pathway, suggesting that AC005165.1 could be an attractive potential therapeutic target with effects in articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
When can a trustee assert privilege against a beneficiary? The New Zealand Supreme Court on the joint interest exception to legal professional privilege: Lambie Trustee Ltd v Addleman [2021] NZSC 54
Authors: Halligan Jordan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The status of legal advice obtained by trustees in relation to litigation involving beneficiaries is something of a vexed issue. This article examines the recent decision in Lambie Trustee Ltd v Addleman [2021] NZSC 54, in which the New Zealand Supreme Court addressed the scope of the joint interest exception to legal professional privilege. The decision has clarified several points of principle, most notably that the focus should be on the purpose of obtaining the advice rather than the time it was obtained.
COVID-19 Therapeutics and Vaccines: A Race to Save Lives
Authors: Bebenek Ilona , Bannister Roy , Dubinion John , Fortin Marie , Liu Matt , Motter Arianne L , Rohde Cynthia M , Wrzesinski Claudia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) is an ongoing global public health emergency. As understanding of the health effects of COVID-19 has improved, companies and agencies worldwide have worked together to identify therapeutic approaches, fast-track clinical trials and pathways for emergency use, and approve therapies for patients. This work has resulted in therapies that not only improve survival, reduce time of hospitalization, and time to recovery, but also include preventative measures, such as vaccines. This manuscript discusses development programs for 3 products that are approved or authorized for emergency use at the time of writing: VEKLURY (remdesivir, direct-acting antiviral from Gilead Sciences, Inc.), REGEN-COV (casirivimab and imdevimab antibody cocktail from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.), and Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine [Pfizer, Inc.-BioNTech]), and perspectives from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Telemedicine for screening eye disease in the remote Peruvian Amazon: proof-of-concept
Authors: Nesemann John M , Muñoz Marleny , Talero Sandra L , Honorio-Morales Harvy A , Lescano Andres G , Keenan Jeremy D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Improvements in technology could facilitate task-shifting and ocular disease screening in rural areas.

Methods
Visual acuity (VA) was tested using a Ministry of Health 3-m VA card. Anterior segment photographs were taken using a three-dimensional printed cellphone attachment and remotely graded.

Results
Of 326 photographed eyes, 1 was ungradable. Of 123 eyes with non-refractive visual impairment, cataract was identified in 35.8%, pterygium in 41.5%, corneal opacity in 5.7% and phthisis in 2.4%.

Conclusions
While the cause of visual impairment cannot be determined without a posterior segment examination, the smartphone attachment proved to be easy to use by non-specialist workers and identified anterior segment pathology in most cases.
Comparable prognosis in different neonatal histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate dosage management
Authors: Bai Li-Ting , Tong Yuan-Yuan , Liu Jin-Ping , Feng Zheng-Yi , Zhao Ju , Guo Sheng-Wen , Jin Yu , Zhang Pei-Yao , Li Yi-Xuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) is a solution commonly used for organ transplantation. However, there is no certified fixed regimen for on-pump heart surgery in neonates. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the outcomes related to different HTK dosages and to analyze the safety of high-dosage perfusion.

Methods:
A total of 146 neonates who underwent on-pump heart surgery with single-shot HTK perfusion were divided into two groups according to HTK dosages: a standard-dose (SD) group (n = 63, 40 mL/kg < HTK ≤ 60 mL/kg) and a high-dose (HD) group (n = 83, HTK >60 mL/kg). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to control confounding bias.

Results:
The SD group had a higher weight (3.7 ± 0.4 vs. 3.4 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.0001), a lower proportion of complete transposition of the great artery (69.8% vs. 85.5%, P = 0.022), a lower cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (123.5 [108.0, 136.0] vs. 132.5 [114.8, 152.5] min, P = 0.034), and a lower aortic x-clamp time (82.9 ± 27.1 vs. 95.5 ± 26.0 min, P = 0.005). After PSM, 44 patients were assigned to each group; baseline characteristics and CPB parameters between the two groups were comparable. There were no significant differences in peri-CPB blood product consumption after PSM (P > 0.05). The incidences of post-operative complications were not significantly different between the two groups. There were no significant differences in ventilation time, intensive care unit stay, and post-operative hospital stay (P > 0.05). Follow-up echocardiography outcomes at 1 month, 3 to 6 months, and 1 year showed that left ventricular ejection fraction and end-diastolic dimension were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusions:
In neonatal on-pump cardiac surgery patients, single-shot HD (>60 mL/kg) HTK perfusion had a comparable heart protection effect and short-term post-operative prognosis as standard dosage perfusion of 40 to 60 mL/kg. Thus, this study provides supporting evidence of the safety of HD HTK perfusion.