bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frugale Zahnmedizin – Ressourceneinsparungen mit Fokussierung auf Kernfunktionen und Patientenbedürfnisse
Authors: Staehle Hans Jörg 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie frugale Zahnmedizin leitet sich vom Begriff „frugal“ (sinngemäß: einfach, sparsam, nutzbar, tauglich) ab. Sie richtet ihr Augenmerk auf zahnärztliche Interventionen, die im Vergleich zu Behandlungsalternativen zum einen mit einer Kostenreduktion verbunden sind und sich zum anderen auf zahnmedizinische Kernfunktionen unter Berücksichtigung der Patientenbedürfnisse konzentrieren. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) hat 2020 auf die Dringlichkeit hingewiesen, kosteneffiziente und erschwingliche Interventionen zu priorisieren.Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgen in diesem Beitrag eine Einordnung und eine Bestandsaufnahme zur frugalen Zahnmedizin. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit sich ihre Ziele substanziieren lassen. Anhand von Literaturquellen und einer exemplarischen klinischen Einzeldarstellung werden Optionen der frugalen Zahnmedizin aufgezeigt. Zudem werden für etliche zahnmedizinische Fächer Einzelbeispiele potenzieller frugaler Interventionen und Innovationen genannt und erläutert. Gravierende Defizite gibt es in der systematischen Entwicklung und Implementierung der frugalen Zahnmedizin. Es sind daher noch zahlreiche Anstrengungen in Forschung, Lehre und Patientenversorgung erforderlich.
COVID-19 – neue Herausforderungen in der Dysphagie- und Atemtherapie
Authors: Frank Ulrike , Frank Katrin 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungEine COVID-19-Erkrankung kann zu schweren Krankheitsverläufen mit multiplen Organbeteiligungen und respiratorischen und neurologischen Funktionseinschränkungen führen. Schluckstörungen (Dysphagien) können in dieser Patientengruppe durch primäre Schädigungen des zentralen und peripheren neuronalen Netzwerkes der Schluckfunktion entstehen, aber auch bedingt durch die häufig längere intensivmedizinische Behandlung und Beatmung. Erste klinische Befunde zeigen persistierende Dysphagien im Rahmen des Post-COVID-Syndroms („Long-COVID“), sodass die Patienten auch längerfristige Maßnahmen zur Rehabilitation einer sicheren und suffizienten oralen Nahrungsaufnahme benötigen. Daher sollte in die Behandlung von COVID-19-Patienten ein strukturiertes erkrankungsspezifisches Monitoring in Bezug auf Dysphagiesymptome integriert werden, und atemtherapeutische Maßnahmen zur Regulation von Husteneffektivität und Atem-Schluck-Koordination sollten auch bei diesen Patienten essenzieller Bestandteil des Dysphagiemanagements sein. Herausforderungen ergeben sich dabei einerseits durch die erforderlichen Anpassungen etablierter Behandlungsstandards an den Infektionsschutz. Zudem müssen Auswahl und Durchführungsintensität therapeutischer Maßnahmen an die Kapazitäten und die spezifische Pathophysiologie der COVID-19- und Long-COVID-Patienten angepasst werden, um weitere funktionelle Verschlechterungen zu vermindern.
Spinale Ozontherapie
Authors: Ahlhelm F. , Rotzinger R. , Heesen M. , Gebhard H. , Omidi R. 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Klinisches/methodisches Problem
Technische Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der spinalen interventionellen Neuroradiologie ermöglichen es, eine breite Palette an gezielten, minimal-invasiven Behandlungsoptionen einschließlich der spinalen Ozontherapie beim Rückenschmerz anzuwenden. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht der biochemischen, molekularen, immunologischen und pharmazeutischen Mechanismen sowie Applikationstechniken der gezielten Ozontherapie.

Radiologische Standardverfahren
Zum Einsatz kommen die Computertomographie (CT) sowie konventionelle Röntgenaufnahmen (Durchleuchtung).

Leistungsfähigkeit
Die CT-gesteuerten Interventionen (epidural, periradikuläre, Facettengelenk und intradiskal) haben den höchsten Stellenwert und haben sich historisch durchgesetzt. Durchleuchtungsgesteuerte Verfahren können ebenfalls eingesetzt werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ozontherapie liefert vielversprechende Ergebnisse. Der Beitrag soll dazu dienen, Informationen über die Grundlagen dieser Technik(en) zu vermitteln.
Decomposition and optimization of linear structures using meta models
Authors: Krischer Lukas , Zimmermann Markus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMonolithic optimization of large mechanical systems can be expensive and cumbersome. Drivers of computational cost and integration effort are, e.g., the size of the design problem and the number of different components, models, and disciplines. Distributed optimization schemes decompose large problems into smaller subproblems; however, they typically require intense coordination effort. This paper proposes an approach for complete decoupling by decomposing a monolithic optimization into independent optimization subproblems that can be solved without need for coordination. This is accomplished by sampling the space of component performance, here represented by eigenvalues and eigenvectors of stiffness matrices, and establishing meta models that map the relevant component performance values onto feasibility and mass estimates. The optimization procedure consists of two steps: First, a system optimization problem is solved by assigning stiffness requirements to components that are approximately feasible and mass-optimal. Second, the component optimization problems are solved independently of each other such that stiffness requirements are satisfied. As information on feasibility and mass is provided during system optimization by meta models, the approach will be referred to as informed decomposition. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by minimizing the mass of a simple two-component linear structure subject to a requirement on total stiffness. This is done for three different component models, a beam with constant cross-section, a beam with varying cross-sections, and an arbitrary 2-dimensional body, using parametric and topology optimization, respectively. The approach produces results that are at most 1 % heavier than the results obtained by monolithic optimization.
Laser scanning–based straightness measurement of precision bright steel rods at one point
Authors: Schmid-Schirling Tobias , Kraft Lea , Carl Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn industrial manufacturing of bright steel rods, one important quality factor is the straightness or straightness deviation. Depending on the application, deviations of less than 0.1 mm per meter rod length are desired and can be reached with state-of-the-art manufacturing equipment. Such high-quality requirements can only be guaranteed with continuous quality control. Manual straightness measurements conducted offline using a dial gauge provide accurate results on single positions of the rod. We propose a contactless, optical measurement technique based on laser scanning which has the potential to be used inline during production to inspect all rods over the entire length. Only for calibration of the system the rod needs to be turned around its axis. For the measurement of straightness deviation, it is not required to turn the rod. The method is based on evaluating the intensity signal of the reflected laser radiation against the scan angle. It is shown that in combination with an accurate calibration, this signal can be used to determine the rod’s deviation from a straight rod. We explain the measurement and calibration principle as well as data evaluation. We present the experimental setup and first measurement results on a single position on several samples. For a homogeneous sample surface and neglecting laser drift, accuracy and precision were determined to be in the range of 10–20 μm. We discuss the working principle of a potential inline system.
Sex-dependent dynamics of metabolism in primary mouse hepatocytes
Authors: Hochmuth Luise , Körner Christiane , Ott Fritzi , Volke Daniela , Cokan Kaja Blagotinšek , Juvan Peter , Brosch Mario , Hofmann Ute , Hoffmann Ralf , Rozman Damjana , Berg Thomas , Matz-Soja Madlen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe liver is one of the most sexually dimorphic organs. The hepatic metabolic pathways that are subject to sexual dimorphism include xenobiotic, amino acid and lipid metabolism. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma are among diseases with sex-dependent prevalence, progression and outcome. Although male and female livers differ in their abilities to metabolize foreign compounds, including drugs, sex-dependent treatment and pharmacological dynamics are rarely applied in all relevant cases. Therefore, it is important to consider hepatic sexual dimorphism when developing new treatment strategies and to understand the underlying mechanisms in model systems. We isolated primary hepatocytes from male and female C57BL6/N mice and examined the sex-dependent transcriptome, proteome and extracellular metabolome parameters in the course of culturing them for 96 h. The sex-specific gene expression of the general xenobiotic pathway altered and the female-specific expression of Cyp2b13 and Cyp2b9 was significantly reduced during culture. Sex-dependent differences of several signaling pathways increased, including genes related to serotonin and melatonin degradation. Furthermore, the ratios of male and female gene expression were inversed for other pathways, such as amino acid degradation, beta-oxidation, androgen signaling and hepatic steatosis. Because the primary hepatocytes were cultivated without the influence of known regulators of sexual dimorphism, these results suggest currently unknown modulatory mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in vitro. The large sex-dependent differences in the regulation and dynamics of drug metabolism observed during cultivation can have an immense influence on the evaluation of pharmacodynamic processes when conducting initial preclinical trials to investigate potential new drugs.
Percutaneous ultrasound gastrostomy (PUG): first prospective clinical trial
Authors: Accorsi Fabio , Chung Jonathan , Mujoomdar Amol , Wiseman Daniele , Kribs Stewart , Cool Derek W. 
Published: July 2021

Graphical abstarct
Purpose
To report the results of the first-in-human trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the percutaneous ultrasound gastrostomy (PUG) technique.

Methods
A prospective, industry-sponsored single-arm clinical trial of PUG insertion was performed in 25 adult patients under investigational device exemption (mean age 64 ± 15 years, 92% men, 80% inpatients, mean BMI 24.5 ± 2.7 kg/m2). A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort of 25 patients who received percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) was generated as an institutional control (mean age 66 ± 14 years, 92% men, 80% inpatients, mean BMI 24.0 ± 2.7 kg/m2). Primary outcomes included successful insertion and 30-day procedure-related adverse events (AE’s). Secondary outcomes included procedural duration, sedation requirements, and hospital length of stay.

Results
All PUG procedures were successful, including 3/25 [12%] performed bedside within the ICU. There was no significant difference between PUG and PRG in rates of mild AE’s (3/25 [12%] for PUG and 7/25 [28%] for PRG, p = 0.16) or moderate AE’s (1/25 [4%] for PUG and 0/25 for PRG, p = 0.31). There were no severe AE’s or 30-day procedure-related mortality in either group. Procedural room time was longer for PUG (56.5 ± 14.1 min) than PRG (39.3 ± 15.0 min, p < 0.001). PUG procedure time was significantly shorter after a procedural enhancement, the incorporation of a Gauss meter to facilitate successful magnetic gastropexy. Length of stay for outpatients did not significantly differ (2.4 ± 0.5 days for PUG and 2.6 ± 1.0 days for PRG, p = 0.70).

Conclusion
PUG appears effective with a safety profile similar to PRG. Bedside point-of-care gastrostomy tube insertion using the PUG technique shows promise.
Trial Registration Number: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03575754.

Graphical abstract
Impact of Advancing Age on the Status and Risk of Postoperative Infections After Liver Resection
Authors: Kinoshita Masahiko , Shinkawa Hiroji , Kabata Daijiro , Tanaka Shogo , Takemura Shigekazu , Amano Ryosuke , Kimura Kenjiro , Ohira Go , Nishio Kohei , Kubo Shoji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the recently increasing number of elderly patients undergoing liver resection, the impact of advancing age on postoperative infections (PIs) incidence and risk remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of advancing age on PIs incidence and status.MethodsThis retrospective study included 744 patients undergoing liver resection without biliary reconstruction or combined resection of other organs. Multivariable analysis with a restricted cubic spline was used to evaluate the impact of advancing age on PIs and to determine its association with PIs risk in patients undergoing open and laparoscopic liver resection (OLR and LLR, respectively).ResultsMultivariable analysis demonstrated that advancing age was significantly associated with increased PIs risk (P = 0.017). The spline curve showed that the odds ratio for PIs sharply increased starting approximately at 65 years of age. Unadjusted restricted cubic splines assessing the subcategories of PIs demonstrated that advancing age was associated with increased risks of organ/space surgical site infection and sepsis (P = 0,064 and 0.048, respectively). Multivariable analysis revealed that LLR was associated with the lower PIs risk compared with OLR (P = 0.025), whereas the lower PIs risk with LLR was not significantly obscured by advancing age (P = 0.29).ConclusionsAdvancing age was associated with increased risk of PIs, including organ/space surgical site infections and sepsis, after liver resection especially in patients aged ≥ 65 years.
New insights into the microbiota of wild mice
Authors: Kwon Ho-Keun , Seong Je Kyung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLaboratory mice have long been an invaluable tool in biomedical science and have made significant contributions in research into life-threatening diseases. However, the translation of research results from mice to humans often proves difficult due to the incomplete nature of laboratory animal-based research. Hence, there is increasing demand for complementary methods or alternatives to laboratory mice that can better mimic human physiological traits and potentially bridge the translational research gap. Under these circumstances, the natural/naturalized mice including “wild”, “dirty”, “wildling”, and “wilded” systems have been found to better reflect some aspects of human pathophysiology. Here, we discuss the pros and cons of the laboratory mouse system and contemplate how wild mice and wild microbiota are able to help in refining such systems to better mimic the real-world situation and contribute to more productive translational research.
Root exudation of contrasting drought-stressed pearl millet genotypes conveys varying biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) activity
Authors: Ghatak Arindam , Schindler Florian , Bachmann Gert , Engelmeier Doris , Bajaj Prasad , Brenner Martin , Fragner Lena , Varshney Rajeev K. , Subbarao Guntur Venkata , Chaturvedi Palak , Weckwerth Wolfram 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRoots secrete a vast array of low molecular weight compounds into the soil broadly referred to as root exudates. It is a key mechanism by which plants and soil microbes interact in the rhizosphere. The effect of drought stress on the exudation process and composition is rarely studied, especially in cereal crops. This study focuses on comparative metabolic profiling of the exudates from sensitive and tolerant genotypes of pearl millet after a period of drought stress. We employed a combined platform of gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to cover both primary and secondary metabolites. The results obtained demonstrate that both genotype and drought stress have a significant impact on the concentration and composition of root exudates. The complexity and function of these differential root exudates are discussed. To reveal the potential effect of root exudates on the soil microbial community after a period of drought stress, we also tested for biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) activity. The analysis revealed a genotype-dependent enhancement of BNI activity after a defined period of drought stress. In parallel, we observed a genotype-specific relation of elongated root growth and root exudation under drought stress. These data suggest that the drought stress-dependent change in root exudation can manipulate the microbial soil communities to adapt and survive under harsh conditions.
Simulation of summer climate over Central Asia shows high sensitivity to different land surface schemes in WRF
Authors: Lu Sha , Guo Weidong , Xue Yongkang , Huang Fang , Ge Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLand surface processes are vital to the performance of regional climate models in dynamic downscaling application. In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of the simulation by using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model at 10-km resolution to the land surface schemes over Central Asia. The WRF model was run for 19 summers from 2000 to 2018 configured with four different land surface schemes including CLM4, Noah-MP, Pleim-Xiu and SSiB, hereafter referred as Exp-CLM4, Exp-Noah-MP, Exp-PX and Exp-SSiB respectively. The initial and boundary conditions for the WRF model simulations were provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Final (NCEP-FNL) Operational Global Analysis data. The ERA-Interim reanalysis (ERAI), the GHCN-CAMS and the CRU gridded data were used to comprehensively evaluate the WRF simulations. Compared with the reanalysis and observational data, the WRF model can reasonably reproduce the spatial patterns of summer mean 2-m temperature, precipitation, and large- scale atmospheric circulation. The simulations, however, are sensitive to the option of land surface scheme. The performance of Exp-CLM4 and Exp-SSiB are better than that of Exp-Noah-MP and Exp-PX assessed by Multivariable Integrated Evaluation (MVIE) method. To comprehensively understand the dynamic and physical mechanisms for the WRF model’s sensitivity to land surface schemes, the differences in the surface energy balance between Ave-CLM4-SSiB (the ensemble average of Exp-CLM4 and Exp-SSiB) and Ave-NoanMP-PX (the ensemble average of Exp-Noah-MP and Exp-PX) are analyzed in detail. The results demonstrate that the sensible and latent heat fluxes are respectively lower by 30.42 W·m−2 and higher by 14.86 W·m−2 in Ave-CLM4-SSiB than that in Ave-NoahMP-PX. As a result, large differences in geopotential height occur over the simulation domain. The simulated wind fields are subsequently influenced by the geostrophic adjustment process, thus the simulations of 2-m temperature, surface skin temperature and precipitation are respectively lower by about 2.08 ℃, 2.23 ℃ and 18.56 mm·month−1 in Ave-CLM4-SSiB than that in Ave-NoahMP-PX over Central Asia continent.
Defining benchmarks for robotic-assisted low anterior rectum resection in low-morbid patients: a multicenter analysis
Authors: Egberts Jan-Hendrik , Kersebaum Jan-Niclas , Mann Benno , Aselmann Heiko , Hirschburger Markus , Graß Julia , Becker Thomas , Izbicki Jakob , Perez Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To define the best possible outcomes for robotic-assisted low anterior rectum resection (RLAR) using total mesorectal excision (TME) in low-morbid patients, performed by expert robotic surgeons in German robotic centers. The benchmark values were derived from these results.

Methods
The data was retrospectively collected from five German expert centers. After patient exclusion (prior surgery, extended surgery, no prior anastomosis, hand-sewn anastomosis), the benchmark cohort was defined (n = 226). The median with interquartile range was first calculated for the individual centers. The 75th percentile of the median results was defined as the benchmark cutoff and represents the “perfect” achievable outcome. This applied to all benchmark values apart from lymph node yield, where the cutoff was defined as the 25th percentile (more lymph nodes are better).

Results
The benchmark values for conversion and intraoperative complication rates were ≤ 4.0% and ≤ 1.4%, respectively. For postoperative complications, the benchmark was ≤ 28% for “any” and ≤ 18.0% for major complications. The R0 and complete TME rate benchmarks were both 100%, with a lymph node yield of > 18. The benchmark for rate of anastomotic insufficiency was < 12.5% and 90-day mortality was 0%. Readmission rates should not exceed 4%.

Conclusion
This outcome analysis of patients with low comorbidity undergoing RLAR may serve as a reference to evaluate surgical performance in robotic rectum resection.
Poor humoral and T-cell response to two-dose SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine BNT162b2 in cardiothoracic transplant recipients
Authors: Schramm René , Costard-Jäckle Angelika , Rivinius Rasmus , Fischer Bastian , Müller Benjamin , Boeken Udo , Haneya Assad , Provaznik Zdenek , Knabbe Cornelius , Gummert Jan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims
Immunocompromised patients have been excluded from studies of SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccines. The immune response to vaccines against other infectious agents has been shown to be blunted in such patients. We aimed to analyse the humoral and cellular response to prime-boost vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) in cardiothoracic transplant recipients.

Methods and results
A total of 50 transplant patients [1–3 years post heart (42), lung (7), or heart–lung (1) transplant, mean age 55 ± 10 years] and a control group of 50 healthy staff members were included. Blood samples were analysed 21 days after the prime and the boosting dose, respectively, to quantify anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) immunoglobulin titres (tested by Abbott, Euroimmun and RocheElecsys Immunoassays, each) and the functional inhibitory capacity of neutralizing antibodies (Genscript). To test for a specific T-cell response, heparinized whole blood was stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 specific peptides, covering domains of the viral spike, nucleocapsid and membrane protein, and the interferon-γ release was measured (QuantiFERON Monitor ELISA, Qiagen). The vast majority of transplant patients (90%) showed neither a detectable humoral nor a T-cell response three weeks after the completed two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination; these results are in sharp contrast to the robust immunogenicity seen in the control group: 98% exhibited seroconversion after the prime dose already, with a further significant increase of IgG titres after the booster dose (average > tenfold increase), a more than 90% inhibition capability of neutralizing antibodies as well as evidence of a T-cell responsiveness.

Conclusions
The findings of poor immune responses to a two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination in cardiothoracic transplant patients have a significant impact for organ transplant recipients specifically and possibly for immunocompromised patients in general. It urges for a review of future vaccine strategies in these patients.