bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationale and Design of a Pharmacist-led Intervention for the Risk-Based Prevention of Heart Failure: The FIT-HF Pilot Study
Authors: Wang Michael C. , Dolan Bridget , Freed Benjamin H. , Vega Lourdes , Markoski Nikola , Wainright Amy E. , Kane Bonnie , Seegmiller Laura E. , Harrington Katharine , Lewis Alana A. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Yancy Clyde W. , Neeland Ian J. , Ning Hongyan , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Khan Sadiya S. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Given rising morbidity, mortality, and costs due to heart failure (HF), new approaches for prevention are needed. A quantitative risk-based strategy, in line with established guidelines for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention, may efficiently select patients most likely to benefit from intensification of preventive care, but a risk-based strategy has not yet been applied to HF prevention.Methods and Results: The Feasibility of the Implementation of Tools for Heart Failure Risk Prediction (FIT-HF) pilot study will enroll 100 participants free of cardiovascular disease who receive primary care at a single integrated health system and have a 10-year predicted risk of HF of ≥5% based on the previously validated Pooled Cohort equations to Prevent Heart Failure. All participants will complete a health and lifestyle questionnaire and undergo cardiac biomarker (B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP] and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I [hs-cTn]) and echocardiography screening at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to either a pharmacist-led intervention or usual care for 1 year. Participants in the intervention arm will undergo consultation with a pharmacist operating under a collaborative practice agreement with a supervising cardiologist. The pharmacist will perform lifestyle counseling and recommend initiation or intensification of therapies to optimize risk factor (hypertension, diabetes, and cholesterol) management according to the most recent clinical practice guidelines. The primary outcome is change in BNP at 1-year, and secondary and exploratory outcomes include changes in hs-cTn, risk factor levels, and cardiac mechanics at follow-up. Feasibility will be examined by monitoring retention rates.Conclusions: The FIT-HF pilot study will offer insight into the feasibility of a strategy of quantitative risk-based enrollment into a pharmacist-led prevention program to reduce heart failure risk.Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04684264
Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation Impacts on Outcomes in Transcatheter and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Jeong Hyung Ki , Yoon Namsik , Kim Ju Han , Lee Nuri , Hyun Dae Yong , Kim Min Chul , Lee Ki Hong , Jeong Yo Cheon , Jeong In Seok , Yoon Hyun Ju , Kim Kye Hun , Park Hyung Wook , Ahn Youngkeun , Jeong Myung Ho , Cho Jeong Gwan 
Published: December 2021

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) in severe aortic stenosis (AS) has poor outcomes after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement (TAVR and SAVR, respectively). We compared the incidence of AF after aortic valve replacement (AVR) according to the treatment method and the impact of AF on outcomes.Methods: We investigated the incidence of AF and clinical outcomes of AVR according to whether AF occurred after TAVR and SAVR after propensity score (PS)-matching for 1 year follow-up. Clinical outcomes were defined as death, stroke, and admission due to heart failure. The composite outcome comprised death, stroke, and admission due to heart failure.Results: A total of 221 patients with severe AS were enrolled consecutively, 100 of whom underwent TAVR and 121 underwent SAVR. The incidence of newly detected AF was significantly higher in the SAVR group before PS-matching (6.0 vs. 40.5%, P &lt; 0.001) and after PS-matching (7.5 vs. 35.6%, P = 0.001). TAVR and SAVR showed no significant differences in outcomes except in terms of stroke. In the TAVR group, AF history did not affect the outcomes; however, in the SAVR group, AF history affected death (log rank P = 0.038). Post-AVR AF had a worse impact on admission due to heart failure (log rank P = 0.049) and composite outcomes in the SAVR group. Post-AVR AF had a worse impact on admission due to heart failure (log rank P = 0.008) and composite outcome in the TAVR group.Conclusion: Post-AVR AF could be considered as a predictor of the outcomes of AVR. TAVR might be a favorable treatment option for patients with severe symptomatic AS who are at high-risk for AF development or who have a history of AF because the occurrence of AF was more frequent in the SAVR group.
Stochastic Simulation of Strong Ground Motions From Two M > 5 Uttarakhand Earthquakes
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Srinagesh D. , Suresh G. , Srinivas D. 
Published: December 2021

Many studies based on the geodetic data and statistical analysis of seismicity have pointed out that sufficient amount of stress accumulated in the Himalayan plate boundary may host a big earthquake. Consequently, high seismic activities and infrastructural developments in the major cities around Himalayan regions are always of major concern. The ground motion parameter estimation plays a vital role in the near real time evaluation of potentially damaged areas and helps in mitigating the seismic hazard. Therefore, keeping in mind the importance of estimation of ground motion parameters, we targeted two moderate-size earthquakes that occurred recently within a gap of 10 months in Uttarakhand region with M &gt; 5.0 on 06/02/2017 and 06/12/2017. The ground motions are simulated by adopting a stochastic modeling technique. The source is assumed as ω−2, a circular point source (Brune’s model). The average value of reported anelastic attenuation from various studies, the quality factor, Qs= 130.4*(f0.996), and stress drop values obtained through iterative procedure are considered for simulations. The stochastic spectra are generated between 0.1 and 10 Hz of frequency range. The site effect is also estimated by using the H/V method in the same frequency range. The synthetic spectra are compared with the observed Fourier amplitude spectra obtained from the recorded waveform data and converted back to the time histories. The stochastic time histories are compared with the observed waveforms and discussed in terms of amplitude (PGA). The simulated and observed response spectra at different structural periods are also discussed. The mismatch between the observed and simulated PGA values along with the GMPE existing for shallow crustal earthquakes is also discussed in the present work.
Microstructure and Crystallographic Preferred Orientations of an Azimuthally Oriented Ice Core from a Lateral Shear Margin: Priestley Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Thomas Rilee E. , Negrini Marianne , Prior David J. , Mulvaney Robert , Still Holly , Bowman M. Hamish , Craw Lisa , Fan Sheng , Hubbard Bryn , Hulbe Christina , Kim Daeyeong , Lutz Franz 
Published: December 2021

A 58 m long azimuthally oriented ice core has been collected from the floating lateral sinistral shear margin of the lower Priestley Glacier, Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. The crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) and microstructures are described in order to correlate the geometry of anisotropy with constrained large-scale kinematics. Cryogenic Electron Backscatter Diffraction analysis shows a very strong fabric (c-axis primary eigenvalue ∼0.9) with c-axes aligned horizontally sub-perpendicular to flow, rotating nearly 40° clockwise (looking down) to the pole to shear throughout the core. The c-axis maximum is sub-perpendicular to vertical layers, with the pole to layering always clockwise of the c-axes. Priestley ice microstructures are defined by largely sub-polygonal grains and constant mean grain sizes with depth. Grain long axis shape preferred orientations (SPO) are almost always 1–20° clockwise of the c-axis maximum. A minor proportion of “oddly” oriented grains that are distinct from the main c-axis maximum, are present in some samples. These have horizontal c-axes rotated clockwise from the primary c-axis maximum and may define a weaker secondary maximum up to 30° clockwise of the primary maximum. Intragranular misorientations are measured along the core, and although the statistics are weak, this could suggest recrystallization by subgrain rotation to occur. These microstructures suggest subgrain rotation (SGR) and recrystallization by grain boundary migration recrystallization (GBM) are active in the Priestley Glacier shear margin. Vorticity analysis based on intragranular distortion indicates a vertical axis of rotation in the shear margin. The variability in c-axis maximum orientation with depth indicates the structural heterogeneity of the Priestley Glacier shear margin occurs at the meter to tens of meters scale. We suggest that CPO rotations could relate to rigid rotation of blocks of ice within the glacial shear margin. Rotation either post-dates CPO and SPO development or is occurring faster than CPO evolution can respond to a change in kinematics.
Lava Dome Morphology and Viscosity Inferred From Data-Driven Numerical Modeling of Dome Growth at Volcán de Colima, Mexico During 2007-2009
Authors: Zeinalova Natalya , Ismail-Zadeh Alik , Melnik Oleg , Tsepelev Igor , Zobin Vyacheslav 
Published: December 2021

Magma extrusion, lava dome growth, collapse of domes, and associated pyroclastic flow hazards are among important volcanological studies. In this paper, we analyze the influence of the magma viscosity and discharge rates on the lava dome morphology at Volcán de Colima in Mexico during a long dome-building episode lasting from early 2007 to fall 2009 without explosive dome destruction. Camera images of the lava dome growth together with recorded volumes of the erupted lava have been used to constrain numerical modeling and hence to match the history of the dome growth by nudging model forecasts to observations. Our viscosity model incorporates crystal growth kinetics and depends on the characteristic time of crystal content growth (or CCGT) and the crystal-free magma viscosity. Initially, we analyze how this viscosity, CCGT, and the rate of lava extrusion influence the morphology of the growing dome. Several model scenarios of lava dome growth are then considered depending on the crater geometry, the conduit location, the effective viscosity of dome carapace, and the extrusion rates. These rates are determined either empirically by optimizing the fit between the morphological shape of modeled domes and that of the observed dome or from the recorded lava dome volumes. The maximum height of the modeled lava dome and its horizontal extent are in a good agreement with observations in the case of the empirically-derived extrusion rates. It is shown that the topography of the crater at Volcán de Colima is likely to be inclined toward the west. The viscosity of the modeled lava dome (∼1012 Pa s) is in a good agreement with the effective viscosity estimated experimentally from lavas of Volcán de Colima. Due to the interplay between the lava extrusion and the gravity forces, the dome reaches a height threshold, and after that a horizontal gravity spreading starts to play an essential role in the lava dome evolution. The model forecasts that the dome carapace of higher viscosity (∼1014 Pa s) influences the dome growth and its morphology during long dome-building episodes by retarding horizontal advancement and developing steep-sided eastern edge of the dome at the volcano. The developed model can be used in assessments of future effusive eruptions and lava dome growth at Volcán de Colima or elsewhere. History matching modeling of lava dome growth sheds a light on dynamic processes inside the dome and may assist in assessing stress state in the dome carapace and in forecasting the dome failures.
The Stalagmite Record of Southern Arabia: Climatic Extremes, Human Evolution and Societal Development
Authors: Nicholson Samuel Luke , Jacobson Matthew J. , Hosfield Rob , Fleitmann Dominik 
Published: December 2021

The fluctuating climatic conditions of the Saharo-Arabian deserts are increasingly linked to human evolutionary events and societal developments. On orbital timescales, the African and Indian Summer Monsoons were displaced northward and increased precipitation to the Arabian Peninsula which led to favorable periods for human occupation in the now arid interior. At least four periods of climatic optima occurred within the last 130,000 years, related to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5e (128–121 ka BP), 5c (104–97 ka BP), 5a (81–74 ka BP) and 1 (10.5–6.2 ka BP), and potentially early MIS 3 (60–50 ka BP). Stalagmites from Southern Arabia have been key to understanding climatic fluctuations and human-environmental interactions; their precise and high-resolution chronologies can be linked to evidence for changes in human distribution and climate/environment induced societal developments. Here, we review the most recent advances in the Southern Arabian Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene stalagmite records. We compare and contrast MIS 5e and Early Holocene climates to understand how these differed, benchmark the extremes of climatic variability and summarize the impacts on human societal development. We suggest that, while the extreme of MIS 5e was important for H. sapeins dispersal, subsequent, less intense, wet phases mitigate against a simplistic narrative. We highlight that while climate can be a limiting and important factor, there is also the potential of human adaptability and resilience. Further studies will be needed to understand spatio-temporal difference in human-environment interactions in a climatically variable region.
Fracture Network Localization Preceding Catastrophic Failure in Triaxial Compression Experiments on Rocks
Authors: McBeck Jessica , Ben-Zion Yehuda , Renard François 
Published: December 2021

We quantify the spatial distribution of fracture networks throughout six in situ X-ray tomography triaxial compression experiments on crystalline rocks at confining stresses of 5–35 MPa in order to quantify how fracture development controls the final macroscopic failure of the rock, a process analogous to those that control geohazards such as earthquakes and landslides. Tracking the proportion of the cumulative volume of fractures with volumes &gt;90th percentile to the total fracture volume, ∑v90/vtot indicates that the fracture networks tend to increase in localization toward these largest fractures for up to 80% of the applied differential stress. The evolution of this metric also matches the evolution of the Gini coefficient, which measures the deviation of a population from uniformity. These results are consistent with observations of localizing low magnitude seismicity before large earthquakes in southern California. In both this analysis and the present work, phases of delocalization interrupt the general increase in localization preceding catastrophic failure, indicating that delocalization does not necessarily indicate a reduction of seismic hazard. However, the proportion of the maximum fracture volume to the total fracture volume does not increase monotonically. Experiments with higher confining stress tend to experience greater localization. To further quantify localization, we compare the geometry of the largest fractures, with volumes &gt;90th percentile, to the best fit plane through these fractures immediately preceding failure. The r2 scores and the mean distance of the fractures to the plane indicate greater localization in monzonite than in granite. The smaller mean mineral diameter and lower confining stress in the granite experiments may contribute to this result. Tracking these various metrics of localization reveals a close association between macroscopic yielding and the acceleration of fracture network localization. Near yielding, ∑v90/vtot and the Gini coefficient increase while the mean distance to the final failure plane decreases. Macroscopic yielding thus occurs when the rate of fracture network localization increases.
Clustered, Stacked and Imbricated Large Coastal Rock Clasts on Ludao Island, Southeast Taiwan, and Their Application to Palaeotyphoon Intensity Assessment
Authors: Terry James P. , Lau A.Y. Annie , Nguyen Kim Anh , Liou Yuei-An , Switzer Adam D. 
Published: December 2021

This work investigated the characteristics of a boulder field on the exposed south east coast of Ludao Island (Green Island) in southern Taiwan. Although the region regularly experiences seasonal Pacific typhoons, fieldwork on Ludao was prompted following the double-strike of Typhoon Tembin in August 2012, which followed an unusual looping track and was one of the strongest storms to affect the island in recent decades. In Wen Cuen Bay, large limestone and volcanic clasts (103–105 kg) occur both as isolated individuals and also grouped into distinct clusters across the gently-sloping emerged reef platform of Holocene age. Some individuals reach megaclast proportions. Observations revealed limited evidence for the production of new coastal boulders by Typhoon Tembin. However, clustering, stacking and notable imbrication of old large clasts provide evidence for multiple high-energy palaeoevents. Stacking and imbrication are significant depositional features, implying that (partial) lifting by wave transport was responsible. Boulders deposited by Typhoon Tembin suggest that storm produced minimum flow velocities of 3.2–5.1 m/s. This range of minimum flow velocity (MFV) values is lower than the 4.3–13.8 m/s range inferred from the pre-Tembin boulders, which indicates that older storm washovers must have been stronger, judging from their ability to stack and imbricate large clasts. One explanation for high upper values of palaeoevent MFVs is that localized funnelling of water flow through narrow relict channels (inherited spur-and-groove morphology, oriented perpendicular to the modern reef edge) concentrates onshore flow energy into powerful confined jets. Support for this hypothesis is the positioning and train-of-direction of the main imbricated boulder cluster at the landward head of one such feature. Geomorphic controls amplifying wave-driven flow velocities across the emerged Holocene reef mean that a palaeotyphoon origin is sufficient for explaining large clast stacking and imbrication, without the need to invoke a tsunami hypothesis.
Potential Feature of Combined AB5-Type Metal Hydride Tank and PEMFC as a Safer System for Hydrogen Fueling in Bangladesh
Authors: Salam Md Abdus , Islam Thauhidul , Ahmed Kawsar , Sahab uddin Md , Habib Shehan , Abdullah Bawadi 
Published: December 2021

Metal hydrides are very much reported as a potential safe option for high-density hydrogen storage materials. A combined system of proton-exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell (PEMFC) and metal hydride (MH) tanks is designed to investigate their characteristics and performances as hydrogen storage and stable power supply system. An AB5-type (LaCe)Ni5 material containing three MH tanks is selected for investigation. Endothermic dehydrogenation of metal hydride controls the hydrogen evolution rates during a discharging period, which reduces the risk of accidents. The MH tank charged at a 20°C water bath sustains and supplies hydrogen for a longer time of 240 min. The performances of the MH tank at a water bath of 20°C and 10-bar conditions correspond to the optimum condition of hydrogen storage at the MH tank of Pragma Industries. The performances of the combined system were investigated in different working conditions. The system sustains and supplies hydrogen to PEMFC for 240, 160, 130, and 110 min for the working loads of 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 W, accordingly. It is concluded that hydrogen consumption frequency increases for higher load demand.
Does Globalization Moderate the Effect of Economic Complexity on CO2 Emissions? Evidence From the Top 10 Energy Transition Economies
Authors: He Kai , Ramzan Muhammad , Awosusi Abraham Ayobamiji , Ahmed Zahoor , Ahmad Mahmood , Altuntaş Mehmet 
Published: December 2021

The association between economic complexity (sophisticated economic structure) and carbon emissions has major implications for environmental sustainability. In addition, globalization can be an important tool for attaining environmental sustainability and it may also moderate the association between economic complexity and carbon emissions. Thus, this research examines the effects of economic complexity, economic growth, renewable energy, and globalization on CO2 emissions in the top 10 energy transition economies where renewable energy and globalization have greatly increased over the last 3 decades. Furthermore, this study also evaluates the joint effect of globalization and economic complexity on carbon emissions. Keeping in view the presence of slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in the data, this research utilized second-generation unit root tests (CIPS and CADF), Westerlund cointegration approach, and CS-ARDL and CCEMG long-run estimators over the period of 1990–2018. The results affirmed the presence of cointegration among the considered variable. Long-run findings revealed that globalization, renewable energy, and economic complexity decrease carbon emissions. Conversely, economic growth increases carbon emissions. Moreover, the joint impact of economic complexity and globalization stimulates environmental sustainability. Based on these findings, the government of these groups of economies should continue to expand the usage of renewable energy. They should also promote interaction with the rest of the world by adopting the policy of opening up.
Microplastics Pollution in Chile: Current Situation and Future Prospects
Authors: Paredes-Osses Esteban , Pozo Karla , Opazo-Capurro Andrés , Bahamonde Paulina , Cabrera-Pardo Jaime R. 
Published: December 2021

Millions of tons of plastics enter wild habitats, especially the oceans, every year. Despite extensive efforts, this amount is predicted to increase over in the near future, leading to a catastrophic damage to the environment. Small plastic fragments, including microplastics, are currently widely distributed in different environments and contribute significantly to pollution of the oceans. This problem is particularly poignant in Chile, a country with more than 4,000 km of coastline along the Pacific Ocean home to diverse environments, industrial activities and unique biodiversity. In this review, we compile information regarding microplastics pollution in Chilean environments in terms of transport, distribution and bioaccumulation along the country, societal actions such as environmental policies and education to tackle the plastic problem, and the Trojan effect associated with it. Finally, we identify critical scientific gaps, such as the transport of harmful chemicals and microbial communities associated, and define potential future research directions.