bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An SMT Solver for Regular Expressions and Linear Arithmetic over String Length
Authors: Berzish Murphy , Kulczynski Mitja , Mora Federico , Manea Florin , Day Joel D. , Nowotka Dirk , Ganesh Vijay 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a novel length-aware solving algorithm for the quantifier-free first-order theory over regex membership predicate and linear arithmetic over string length. We implement and evaluate this algorithm and related heuristics in the Z3 theorem prover. A crucial insight that underpins our algorithm is that real-world regex and string formulas contain a wealth of information about upper and lower bounds on lengths of strings, and such information can be used very effectively to simplify operations on automata representing regular expressions. Additionally, we present a number of novel general heuristics, such as the prefix/suffix method, that can be used to make a variety of regex solving algorithms more efficient in practice. We showcase the power of our algorithm and heuristics via an extensive empirical evaluation over a large and diverse benchmark of 57256 regex-heavy instances, almost 75% of which are derived from industrial applications or contributed by other solver developers. Our solver outperforms five other state-of-the-art string solvers, namely, CVC4, OSTRICH, Z3seq, Z3str3, and Z3-Trau, over this benchmark, in particular achieving a speedup of 2.4$$\times $$×over CVC4, 4.4$$\times $$×over Z3seq, 6.4$$\times $$×over Z3-Trau, 9.1$$\times $$×over Z3str3, and 13$$\times $$×over OSTRICH.
Counting Minimal Unsatisfiable Subsets
Authors: Bendík Jaroslav , Meel Kuldeep S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGiven an unsatisfiable Boolean formulaFin CNF, an unsatisfiable subset of clauses U ofFis called Minimal Unsatisfiable Subset (MUS) if every proper subset ofUis satisfiable. Since MUSes serve as explanations for the unsatisfiability ofF, MUSes find applications in a wide variety of domains. The availability of efficient SAT solvers has aided the development of scalable techniques for finding and enumerating MUSes in the past two decades. Building on the recent developments in the design of scalable model counting techniques for SAT, Bendík and Meel initiated the study of MUS counting techniques. They succeeded in designing the first approximate MUS counter,$$\mathsf {AMUSIC}$$AMUSIC, that does not rely on exhaustive MUS enumeration.$$\mathsf {AMUSIC}$$AMUSIC, however, suffers from two shortcomings: the lack of exact estimates and limited scalability due to its reliance on 3-QBF solvers.In this work, we address the two shortcomings of$$\mathsf {AMUSIC}$$AMUSICby designing the first exact MUS counter,$$\mathsf {CountMUST}$$CountMUST, that does not rely on exhaustive enumeration.$$\mathsf {CountMUST}$$CountMUSTcircumvents the need for 3-QBF solvers by reducing the problem of MUS counting to projected model counting. While projected model counting is #NP-hard, the past few years have witnessed the development of scalable projected model counters. An extensive empirical evaluation demonstrates that$$\mathsf {CountMUST}$$CountMUSTsuccessfully returns MUS count for 1500 instances while$$\mathsf {AMUSIC}$$AMUSICand enumeration-based techniques could only handle up to 833 instances.
Decision Tree Learning in CEGIS-Based Termination Analysis
Authors: Kura Satoshi , Unno Hiroshi , Hasuo Ichiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a novel decision tree-based synthesis algorithm of ranking functions for verifying program termination. Our algorithm is integrated into the workflow of CounterExample Guided Inductive Synthesis (CEGIS). CEGIS is an iterative learning model where, at each iteration, (1) a synthesizer synthesizes a candidate solution from the current examples, and (2) a validator accepts the candidate solution if it is correct, or rejects it providing counterexamples as part of the next examples. Our main novelty is in the design of a synthesizer: building on top of a usual decision tree learning algorithm, our algorithm detectscyclesin a set of example transitions and uses them for refining decision trees. We have implemented the proposed method and obtained promising experimental results on existing benchmark sets of (non-)termination verification problems that require synthesis of piecewise-defined lexicographic affine ranking functions.
CoqQFBV: A Scalable Certified SMT Quantifier-Free Bit-Vector Solver
Authors: Shi Xiaomu , Fu Yu-Fu , Liu Jiaxiang , Tsai Ming-Hsien , Wang Bow-Yaw , Yang Bo-Yin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a certified SMT QF_BV solver CoqQFBV built from a verified bit blasting algorithm, Kissat, and the verified SAT certificate checker GratChk in this paper. Our verified bit blasting algorithm supports the full QF_BV logic of SMT-LIB; it is specified and formally verified in the proof assistant Coq . We compare CoqQFBV with CVC4, Bitwuzla, and Boolector on benchmarks from the QF_BV division of the single query track in the 2020 SMT Competition, and real-world cryptographic program verification problems. CoqQFBV surprisingly solves more program verification problems with certification than the 2020 SMT QF_BV division winner Bitwuzla without certification.
Role of assist device implantation and heart transplantation in the long-term outcome of patients with structural heart disease after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Darma Angeliki , Bertagnolli Livio , Dinov Borislav , Shamloo Alireza Sepehri , Torri Federica , Efimova Elena , Dagres Nikolaos , Husser-Bollmann Daniela , Bollmann Andreas , Hindricks Gerhard , Arya Arash 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Ablation of ventricular tachycardias (VTs) in patients with structural heart disease (SHD) has been associated with advanced heart failure and poor survival.

Methods and results
This matched case-control study sought to assess the difference in survival after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and/or heart transplantation (HTX) in SHD patients undergoing VT ablation. From the initial cohort of 309 SHD patients undergoing VT ablation (187 ischemic cardiomyopathy, mean age 64 ± 12 years, ejection fraction of 34 ± 13%), 15 patients received an LVAD and nine patients HTX after VT ablation during a follow-up period of 44 ± 33 months.
Long-term survival after LVAD did not differ from the matched control group (p = 0.761), although the cause of lethal events was different. All post-HTX patients survived during follow-up.

Conclusion
In this matched case-control study on patients with SHD undergoing VT ablation, patients that received LVAD implantation had similar survival compared to the control group after 4‑year follow-up, while the patients with HTX had a significantly better outcome.
Therapists’ Contributions to the Alliance in Home-Based Family Treatment: The Role of Alliance Building Behaviors, Personality, and Clinical Experience
Authors: Welmers-van de Poll M. J. , Stams G. J. J. M. , van den Akker A. L. , Overbeek G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlliance is a robust contributor to the outcome of adult, youth, and family therapy, but little is known about therapists’ contributions to the alliance in conjoint family treatment. We investigated the predictive value of therapists’ personality, clinical experience and observed alliance building behaviors for mid-treatment alliance as reported by therapists and family members. Participants were 77 parents and 21 youth from 57 families receiving home-based family treatment from 33 therapists. Therapist openness to experience and agreeableness as well as therapists’ in-session engagement and emotional connection behaviors predicted more positive therapists’ and family members’ reports of the alliance. Therapist neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness predicted more negative alliance-reports. In-session safety behaviors also predicted more negative alliance-reports, but this finding was only significant for therapists’ and not family members’ reports of the alliance. Clinical experience did not predict quality of alliances. We conclude that training and supervision of family therapists could benefit from focusing on emotional connection with and active engagement of family members in treatment, and from increasing self-awareness of the impact of their personality on alliances with family members.
Barriers to carriers: faults and recombination in non-stoichiometric perovskite scintillators
Authors: Talapatra Anjana , Ghosh Dibyajyoti , Uberuaga Blas P. , Pilania Ghanshyam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTuning the efficiency and speed of charge carrier recombination in inorganic scintillators can potentially improve their performance in diverse applications. Recent work suggests that this maybe be achieved via a two-phase scintillator AB that naturally phase separates into A-rich and B-rich domains. In addition, a favorable electronic structure and band-edge alignment such that the charge carriers are confined or are thermodynamically driven to preferentially accumulate in one of the two domains, might lead to an improved radiative recombination rate. Here, we use density functional theory computations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), including non-adiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations, to examine an alternative phase structure and its potential impact on recombination. Using a model perovskite SrTiO$$_3$$

3

system with one-, two- and three-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phases, we demonstrate that RP faults induce band structure changes in the material that can act as barriers to carrier transport. Our AIMD/NAMD simulations indicate competing effects of a lower mean free path (potentially enhancing the desired radiative recombination and overall scintillating efficiency) and faster non-radiative recombination (undesired) due to enhanced electron–phonon coupling in the faulted system. Full exploitation of such a rational design approach would require tuning of the effective scintillation efficiency by varying the perovskite chemistry using appropriate arrangements of RP faults in the bulk material. Finally, other effects, such as the tendency of point defects to segregate at the interface, that might affect the overall performance, are briefly discussed. We expect the basic results found here to apply to other nanostructured scintillators.
Graphical Abstract
Influence of water vapor distribution on the simulated track of Typhoon Hato (2017)
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Mai Chuying , Zhou Mingsen , Chen Shumin , Li Weibiao , Fang Rong , Zhao Zhongkuo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPredicting tropical cyclone (TCs) tracks is a primary concern in TC forecasting. Some TCs appear to move in a direction favorable for their development, beyond the influence of the steering flow. Thus, we hypothesize that TCs move toward regions with high water-vapor content in the lower atmosphere. In this study, four numerical experiments, including a control experiment and three sensitivity experiments, were performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, to analyze the relationship between water vapor distribution and the track of Severe Typhoon Hato (2017). Observations validated the features reproduced in the control experiment. The sensitivity experiments were conducted to explore variations in the TC track under different water vapor environments. Results indicate that the horizontal distribution of water-vapor content exerted a greater impact on the TC track than the steering flow when both factors were significant. Further analysis revealed that the TC’s movement vector was between the direction of the steering flow and the direction toward the peak of vorticity increasing area. The peaks of vorticity increasing area were close to the peaks of water vapor increasing area, which also proved the effect of water vapor distribution on the TC track. These results are expected to improve TC track analysis and forecasting.
Lower secondary students’ encounters with mathematical literacy
Authors: Bolstad Oda Heidi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWorldwide, there has been an increased emphasis on enabling students to recognise the real-world significance of mathematics. Mathematical literacy is a notion used to define the competencies required to meet the demands of life in modern society. In this article, students’ encounters with mathematical literacy are investigated. The data comprises interviews with 22 students and observations of 16 mathematics lessons in three grade 9 classes in Norway. The analysis shows that students’ encounters with mathematical literacy concern specific mathematical topics and contexts from personal and work life. Students’ encounters with ML in school is characterised by an emphasis on developing mathematical knowledge within the school context.
A Review of Dengue’s Historical and Future Health Risk from a Changing Climate
Authors: Soneja Sutyajeet , Tsarouchi Gina , Lumbroso Darren , Tung Dao Khanh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to summarize research articles that provide risk estimates for the historical and future impact that climate change has had upon dengue published from 2007 through 2019.

Recent findings
Findings from 30 studies on historical health estimates, with the majority of the studies conducted in Asia, emphasized the importance of temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity, as well as lag effects, when trying to understand how climate change can impact the risk of contracting dengue. Furthermore, 35 studies presented findings on future health risk based upon climate projection scenarios, with a third of them showcasing global level estimates and findings across the articles emphasizing the need to understand risk at a localized level as the impacts from climate change will be experienced inequitably across different geographies in the future.

Summary
Dengue is one of the most rapidly spreading viral diseases in the world, with ~390 million people infected worldwide annually. Several factors have contributed towards its proliferation, including climate change. Multiple studies have previously been conducted examining the relationship between dengue and climate change, both from a historical and a future risk perspective. We searched the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health (NIEHS) Climate Change and Health Portal for literature (spanning January 2007 to September 2019) providing historical and future health risk estimates of contracting dengue infection in relation to climate variables worldwide. With an overview of the evidence of the historical and future health risk posed by dengue from climate change across different regions of the world, this review article enables the research and policy community to understand where the knowledge gaps are and what areas need to be addressed in order to implement localized adaptation measures to mitigate the health risks posed by future dengue infection.
Sounding It Out: Auditory Stimulation and Overnight Memory Processing
Authors: Harrington Marcus O. , Cairney Scott A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Auditory stimulation is a technique that can enhance neural oscillations linked to overnight memory consolidation. In this review, we evaluate the impacts of auditory stimulation on the neural oscillations of sleep and associated memory processes in a variety of populations.

Recent Findings
Cortical EEG recordings of slow-wave sleep (SWS) are characterised by two cardinal oscillations: slow oscillations (SOs) and sleep spindles. Auditory stimulation delivered in SWS enhances SOs and phase-coupled spindle activity in healthy children and adults, children with ADHD, adults with mild cognitive impairment and patients with major depression. Under certain conditions, auditory stimulation bolsters the benefits of SWS for memory consolidation, although further work is required to fully understand the factors affecting stimulation-related memory gains. Recent work has turned to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, demonstrating that auditory stimulation can be used to manipulate REM sleep theta oscillations.

Summary
Auditory stimulation enhances oscillations linked to overnight memory processing and shows promise as a technique for enhancing the memory benefits of sleep.
Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in People With Systemic Sclerosis and the Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gao Rui , Qing Pingying , Sun Xiaochi , Zeng Xun , Hu Xiao , Zhang Sirui , Yang Yihong , Qin Lang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The association between systemic sclerosis (SSc) and sexual dysfunction was controversial.

Aim
To explore the impacts of SSc on sexual function, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with SSc and associated risk factors.

Methods
A systematic review of all published studies was performed. Studies exploring the association between SSc and sexual function were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO. All retrieved papers were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Main Outcome Measure
The impacts of SSc on sexual function, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in males and females with SSc and associated risk factors.

Results
A total 12 studies were included in this study. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in SSc males and SSc females were 76.9–81.4% and 46.7–86.6%, respectively. But the direct impacts of SSc on sexual function were controversial. EULAR SSc activity score ≥3, the number of complications ≥2, and the presence of anticardiolipin antibody and anti U1 ribonucleoprotein antibody in males and resistive index (RI) and the systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio of clitoral blood in females have potential to be SSc-specific risk factors for sexual dysfunction.

Clinical Implications
Clinicians need to pay more attention to the impacts of SSc on sexual function of patients especially in those with risk factors.

Strengths & Limitations
Systematically explored the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in SSc males and females, and the risk factors of sexual dysfunction for SSc were explored innovatively. However, there were some limitations in included studies prevented exploring the impacts of SSc on sexual function deeply.

Conclusion
Sexual dysfunction may be an important symptom of SSc, many risk factors may be associated with sexual dysfunction in males and females with SSc.
Gao R, Qing P, Sun X, et al. Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in People With Systemic Sclerosis and the Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. Sex Med 2021;9:100392.
Surgical Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction With the Low-Cost, Semi-Rigid Shah Penile Prosthesis: A boon to the Developing Countries
Authors: Krishnappa Pramod , Tripathi Amit , Shah Rupin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
In developing countries most patients with refractory erectile dysfunction cannot afford a penile prosthesis (PP) due to its cost and non-coverage by insurance companies.

Aim
To assess the patient satisfaction outcomes with a novel, low-cost, semi-rigid PP.

Methods
52 patients who had received the Shah semi-rigid PP between January 2013 and December 2018 were included in this bidirectional study. Patient demographics including age, etiology, body mass index, length of PP received and post-operative complications were recorded. Patient satisfaction with the PP was evaluated using the modified Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) Questionnaire.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome measures were overall satisfaction, total EDITS and mean EDITS score. The secondary outcome measures were residual penile tumescence, ease of concealment and post-operative complications.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 38.79 years (25–68). Overall satisfaction (EDITS Q-1) of 4 (0–4) was reported by 84.62% (44/52) of patients. There was no significant difference (P &gt; .7) in the total EDITS and overall satisfaction based on various etiological factors. The mean EDITS scores (0–100) were 95.67 ± 10.76, 95.53 ± 8.46 and 91.72 ± 22.42 in 52 patients with BMI &lt;25, 25–29.9 and &gt;30 kg/m2 respectively. During sexual arousal after PP implantation, 26 (50%), 17 (32.7%) and 9 (17.3%) patients noted “good”, “some” or “no” residual penile tumescence respectively. 47 (90.4%), 4 (7.7%) and 1 (1.9%) patients reported “good”, “fair” and “poor” concealment respectively. In the prospective group, major and minor post-operative complications were seen in 10.7% (3/28) and 21.4% (6/28) of patients respectively.

Conclusion
The semi-rigid Shah PP is a safe, effective and affordable option to treat patients with refractory ED. The ability to remove 1 or both sleeves in the Shah PP helps achieve a good fit with a small inventory. Krishnappa P, Tripathi A, Shah R. Surgical Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction With the Low-Cost, Semi-Rigid Shah Penile Prosthesis: A boon to the Developing Countries. Sex Med 2021;9:100399.
BIOINDICATORS OF SEA-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL: NEW DATA AND METHODOLOGICAL REVIEW
Authors: Araujo Julia Caon , Macario Kita Chaves Damasio , Moreira Vinícius Nunes , dos Santos Passos Anderson , Jesus Perla Baptista de , Seoane José Carlos Sícoli , Dias Fabio Ferreira 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe vermetidae fossils ofPetaloconchus varians, formed by calcium carbonate, associated with their radiocarbon ages, are the most accurate indicators of paleo sea level due to their restricted occupation in the intertidal zone in the rocky shore. However, the recrystallization of minerals can affect these age calculations and, consequently, the interpretation of the data. The aim of this study is to present new indicators of paleo sea-level changes in Southeast Brazil for the last 6000 years contributing to fill the data gap for the late Holocene. The influence of the recrystallization process was successfully resolved using the CarDS protocol, enabling the separation of the original aragonite fraction by density, prior to radiocarbon dating. This avoids the rejuvenation of ages and ensures greater efficiency for data interpretation. Paleo sea-level indicators were able to show a progressive increase in sea level up to the transgressive maximum of 4.15 m in 3700 BP years, followed by a regression to the current zero. This regression seems to have in addition, here we reinforce the reliability of the use of fossil vermetids as indicators of sea-level fluctuations.