bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Inhibition of DKC1 and MEK1/2 Synergistically Restrains the Growth of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Kan Guangyan , Wang Ziyang , Sheng Chunjie , Chen Gong , Yao Chen , Mao Yizhi , Chen Shuai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer, one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, is often accompanied by uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells. Dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1 (DKC1), screened using the genome‐wide RNAi strategy, is a previously unidentified key regulator that promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Enforced expression of DKC1, but not its catalytically inactive mutant D125A, accelerates cell growth in vitro and in vivo. DKC1 knockdown or its inhibitor pyrazofurin attenuates cell proliferation. Proteomics, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP)‐seq, and RNA decay analyses reveal that DKC1 binds to and stabilizes the mRNA of several ribosomal proteins (RPs), including RPL10A, RPL22L1, RPL34, and RPS3. DKC1 depletion significantly accelerates mRNA decay of these RPs, which mediates the oncogenic function of DKC1. Interestingly, these DKC1‐regulated RPs also interact with HRAS and suppress the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. Pyrazofurin and trametinib combination synergistically restrains colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, DKC1 is markedly upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Colorectal cancer patients with higher DKC1 expression has consistently poorer overall survival and progression‐free survival outcomes. Taken together, these data suggest that DKC1 is an essential gene and candidate therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
Thermomechanical Manipulation of Electric Transport in MoTe2
Authors: Kim Dohyun , Lee Jun‐Ho , Kang Kyungrok , Won Dongyeun , Kwon Min , Cho Suyeon , Son Young‐Woo , Yang Heejun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLayered semimetals such as monoclinic MoTe2 and WTe2 demonstrate superconducting, topological insulating, and Weyl semimetallic states based on their unique electronic band topology. While doping concentration, lattice constants, and spin–orbit coupling can largely modulate the quantum states of the semimetals, a puzzling issue is that their functional carrier density and magnetoresistance for practical applications critically vary by temperature, which cannot be explained by the conventional phonon effect or a structural phase transition. Here, a native doping‐mediated thermomechanical manipulation of electric transport in semimetallic MoTe2 is reported, where effective transport is controlled by temperature in an equivalent manner to electric gating. Combining X‐ray diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, transport measurements, and first‐principles calculations, a Fermi level shift and subsequent changes in electronic structures are revealed as the origins of the practical transport changes in MoTe2. Moreover, the initial doping state of the MoTe2, determined by the Te vacancy density in two different growth methods, reciprocally affects the thermomechanical lattice and band structure changes, which is promising for novel electronic applications such as magnetic sensors and memory devices with layered semimetals.
Boosting the Performance of Liquid‐Gated Nanotransistor Biosensors Using Single‐Trap Phenomena
Authors: Kutovyi Yurii , Piatnytsia Volodymyr , Boichuk Nazarii , Zadorozhnyi Ihor , Li Jie , Petrychuk Mykhailo , Vitusevich Svetlana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn small‐area transistors, the trapping/detrapping of charge carriers to/from a single trap located in the gate oxide near the Si/SiO2 interface leads to the discrete switching of the transistor drain current, known as single‐trap phenomena (STP), resulting in random telegraph signals. Utilizing the STP‐approach, liquid‐gated (LG) nanowire (NW) field‐effect transistor biosensors have recently been proposed for ultimate biosensing with enhanced sensitivity. In this study, the impact of channel doping concentration on the capture process of charge carriers by a single trap in LG silicon NW structures is investigated. A significant effect of the channel doping concentration on the single‐trap dynamic is revealed. To understand the mechanism behind unusual capture time behavior compared to that predicted by the classical Shockley–Read–Hall theory, an analytical model based on the rigorous description of the additional energy barrier that charge carriers have to overcome to be captured by the trap at different gate voltages is developed. The enhancement of the sensitivity for single‐trap phenomena biosensing with an increase of the channel doping concentration is explained within the framework of the proposed analytical model. The results open prospects for the development of advanced single trap‐based devices.
Light‐Regulated Mott Transition for On‐Demand Multilevel Memory Storage, Processing, and Energy Efficient Machine Vision
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Pawase Chaitali Jagannath , Choi Hyobin , Kim Sangwan , Seo Hyungtak 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotosensing, data processing, and sequential memory storage are indispensable components for advanced optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, despite enormous independent research efforts, achieving well‐controlled cofunctionality such as sensing, processing, and manifold memory storage within a single unit remain a critical issue. Here, a Mott‐insulator‐based monolithic photosensor that, depending on illuminating intensity and applied bias, can simultaneously store tunable multilevel data without latency is demonstrated. In particular, the threshold voltage to initiate the insulator‐to‐metal transition has been regulated from 4.5 to 1.5 V by changing the photon illumination intensity from dark to 6 mW cm−2. Microscopic evidence of Mott transition at the nanoscale is revealed through current maps obtained using conductive atomic force microscopy. Further, as a front‐end image sensor, the authors’ device offers on‐demand photo‐intensity sensing and edge detection with direct optical input, which is confirmed by simulation. This study intends an essential breakthrough toward on‐demand photosensing, data storage, and processing even at nanoscale, and offers the opportunity to utilize it for various applications including in volatile memory storage, neuromorphic cameras, and emergency alert systems.
Thickness and Spin Dependence of Raman Modes in Magnetic Layered Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Kong Xiangru , Berlijn Tom , Liang Liangbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract2D layered Fe3GeTe2 has attracted increasing attention due to its high magnetic ordering temperature and novel physical properties. Lattice dynamics is a fundamental property of Fe3GeTe2, and its relationships with the number of layers and interlayer spin ordering have not yet been explored in depth. Here, by first‐principles density functional theory calculations, the phonon vibrations and Raman intensities of Fe3GeTe2 are systematically studied from the bulk to monolayer structures. Furthermore, the spin‐phonon coupling effect is investigated by considering different interlayer magnetic orderings: ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic. It is found that the frequencies of Raman modes in Fe3GeTe2 exhibit considerable dependence on the layer number and spin ordering. The results not only reveal the notable spin‐phonon interactions in Fe3GeTe2, but also demonstrate that Raman modes can be utilized for characterizing the sample thickness and interlayer spin ordering in this 2D magnet.
Quantum Transport in Monolayer α‐CS Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Guo Shiying , Zhou Wenhan , Qu Hengze , Zhang Shengli , Liu Wenqiang , Liu Gaoyu , Xia Xinyan , Song Xiufeng , Zeng Haibo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract2D puckered materials similar to black phosphorene (BP) have tunable electronic structures, high mobility, and anisotropy, and are expected to become possible candidate channels for post‐silicon field‐effect transistors (FETs). Herein, monolayer α‐CS with puckered structure is evaluated as a promising channel material for sub‐5 nm FETs by using first principle quantum transport simulation. Monolayer α‐CS FETs can satisfy the requirements of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) for high‐performance (HP) and low‐power (LP) applications. The on‐state current can reach 3700 µA µm−1 for HP FET at 5 nm channel length and the on‐off ratio of LP FET is exceeding 107, both superior to those of other 2D channels like BP and InSe. The results suggest that α‐CS as a competitive channel material opens a new avenue for the future electronic technology in the upcoming Internet of Things.
Metal‐Textile Laser Welding for Wearable Sensors Applications
Authors: Fromme Nicolas P. , Li Yifan , Camenzind Martin , Toncelli Claudio , Rossi René M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectronic textile (E‐textile), an emerging technology, has the potential to revolutionize consumer electronics by transforming them into wearable devices. Highly conductive, textile conductors, suitable for commercialization, have yet not been developed. Here, a new metal‐textile laser welding method is presented for a rapid one‐step, stable, and cost‐efficient manufacturing of electrically conductive textiles. This method is a direct on‐textile approach for customized 2D nanothick metal coatings with flexible design. Different metals, like palladium, silver, or copper can be welded on functional membranes and textiles containing polymers. As shown by bonding a copper 2D pattern on a polyamide textile, the resistivity does not vary if compared to the bulk material. The generated interlocking bonding ensures strong physical adhesion between the partly molten polyamide fibers and a copper layer, resisting up to 10 000 abrasion cycles using the standardized Martindale test and up to 42 000 flexion cycles using the industrial standardized Schildknecht test. A promising application for textile integrated conductors is body monitoring sensors. The feasibility of a laser welded resistance temperature sensors on a functional membrane is demonstrated without impairing its mechanical stability. This technology presents suitable properties and variabilities for a wide range of application in E‐textiles and its commercialization.
Computationally Guided Synthesis of High Performance Thermoelectric Materials: Defect Engineering in AgGaTe2
Authors: Zhong Yaqiong , Sarker Debalaya , Fan Tao , Xu Liangliang , Li Xie , Qin Guang‐Zhao , Han Zhong‐Kang , Cui Jiaolin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rational synthesis of high‐performance thermoelectric (TE) materials guided by theoretical design is still in its infancy. Here by computationally exploiting the possibilities of materials’ dopability and hence the electron–phonon transport/scattering, a new defective compound, AgGaTe2, with simultaneous Ag deficiency and isoelectronic substitution of In on Ga‐site (InGa) is predicted, and its high performance is then confirmed via experiments. Using density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory calculations, it is identified that controlled defects viz. Ag vacancy and In substitution in AgGaTe2 system can lead to extremely low lattice thermal conductivity (κL) of around 0.13 WK−1 m−1 at 850 K. This ultralow κL results from both the Ag vacancy that serves as a better rattler and the extra phonon scattering due to the defect induced internal lattice distortion (ψ). The synthesized compounds Ag0.85Ga1−xInxTe2 (x = 0–0.3) indeed achieve the extremely low κL (0.08 WK−1 m−1 for x = 0.15). As a result, the highest TE figure of merit (ZT) of 1.44 is obtained, which is the highest recorded value for silver‐based ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors to date.
Enhanced Selective Charge Collection with Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Junction in Electron Transport Layer‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Like , Zhu Yuejin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectron transport layer (ETL)‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed great progress via material and interface engineering. Enlighten by the wisdom from an old story of efficient silicon solar cells design, highly efficient MINP (metal/insulator/n‐type perovskite/p‐type spiro‐MeOTAD) PSC with polar insulating inter‐layer (PIIL) modified fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) is reported as electron selective contact. The PIIL forms metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) junction with FTO and perovskite layer, while the n‐type perovskite forms P‐N junction with p‐type spiro‐MeOTAD. Unlike the classic MINP silicon solar cells where the I‐layer is usually neutral tunneling layer, the PIIL here optimizes the energy level alignment at the FTO/perovskite interface with its intrinsic electronic polarity while acting as an effective tunneling layer. Also, the functional group of the PIIL passivates the FTO/perovskite interface defects thus suppressing carrier recombination thereof and enhancing all device performance parameters simultaneously. Accordingly, the power conversion efficiency is greatly improved from 12.82% to 19.75%. With the enhanced electron collection and decreased carrier recombination of the MIS junction, this collaborative effect of interface engineering and defect passivation contribute to more stable ETL‐free PSC with less hysteresis. This work highlights the potential of novel device and interface design for simple‐structured, efficient and cost‐effective PSCs.
Tailoring Slurries Using Cosolvents and Li Salt Targeting Practical All‐Solid‐State Batteries Employing Sulfide Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Kim Kyu Tae , Oh Dae Yang , Jun Seunggoo , Song Yong Bae , Kwon Tae Young , Han Yoonjae , Jung Yoon Seok 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolymeric binders that can undergo slurry fabrication and minimize the disruption of interfacial Li+ contact are imperative for sheet‐type electrodes and solid electrolyte films in practical all‐solid‐state Li batteries (ASLBs). Although dry polymer electrolytes (DPEs) are a plausible alternative, their use is complicated by the severe reactivity of sulfide solid electrolytes and the need to dissolve Li salts. In this study, a new scalable fabrication protocol for a Li+‐conductive DPE‐type binder, nitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR)‐LiTFSI, is reported. The less‐polar dibromomethane and more‐polar hexyl butyrate in cosolvents work synergistically to dissolve NBR and LiTFSI, while preserving Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5. It is found that the dispersion of NBR can be controlled by the fraction of the antisolvent (hexyl butyrate), which in turn affects the corresponding performance of the ASLBs. Sheet‐type LiNi0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2 electrodes tailored using NBR‐LiTFSI outperform those prepared using the conventional insulating binder (NBR) in terms of capacity (163 vs 147 mA h g−1) and initial Coulombic efficiency (78.9 vs 70.4%), which is attributed to the facilitated interfacial Li+ transport, as confirmed by 6Li nuclear magnetic resonance and electrochemical measurements. Moreover, NBR‐LiTFSI is functional at 70 °C and in a graphite anode. Finally, the promising performance of pouch‐type LiNi0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2/graphite ASLBs is also demonstrated.
Design and operational considerations of catalytic membrane reactors for ammonia synthesis
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Way J. Douglas , Wolden Colin A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProduction of ammonia using hydrogen derived from renewable electricity instead of hydrocarbon reforming would dramatically reduce the carbon footprint of this commodity chemical. Novel technologies such as catalytic membrane reactors (CMRs) may potentially be more compatible with distributed ammonia production than the conventional Haber–Bosch process. A reactor model is developed based on integrating a standard industrial iron catalyst into a CMR equipped with an inorganic membrane that is selective to NH3 over N2/H2. CMR performance is studied as functions of wide ranges of membrane properties and operating conditions. Conversion and ammonia recovery are dictated principally by the ammonia permeance, and the benefits by using membranes become significant above 100 GPU = 3.4 × 10−8 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1. To be effective, the CMR requires a minimum selectivity for ammonia of 10 over both nitrogen and hydrogen and purity scales with the effective selectivity. Increasing the pressure of operation significantly improves all metrics, and at P = 30 bar with a quality membrane, ammonia is almost completely recovered, enabling direct recycle of unreacted hydrogen and nitrogen without need for recompression. Temperature drives conversion and scales monotonically without thermodynamic limitations in a CMR. Alternatively, the temperature may be reduced as low as 300°C while achieving conversion levels surpassing equilibrium limits at T = 400°C in a conventional reactor.
How Sense of Community Affects Sense of Self Among Sexual Minorities: Critical Consciousness as a Mediating Mechanism
Authors: Yip Charles Chiu Hung , Chan Kevin Ka Shing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch shows that sense of community may enable lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals to resist and fight against societal heterosexism and increase their positive sense of self. Less is known, however, about the underlying processes. The present study examined whether sense of community would affect sense of self (i.e., identity affirmation and self‐esteem) through critical consciousness (i.e., critical reflection and critical action) among LGB individuals. A total of 401 LGB individuals from Hong Kong, China, provided cross‐sectional questionnaire data on sense of community, critical reflection, critical action, identity affirmation, and self‐esteem. Structural equation modeling and bootstrap analyses were performed to analyze the direct and indirect relations among the variables. Results showed that sense of community was positively associated with critical action, and this association was mediated by critical reflection. Moreover, critical action was positively associated with self‐esteem, and this association was mediated by identity affirmation. Theoretically, this study demonstrated how LGB individuals’ sense of community may have a positive impact on their sense of self through the mechanism of critical consciousness. Practically, this study pointed to the utility of cultivating positive in‐group perceptions among LGB individuals in liberating them from oppressive ideology, mobilizing them to resist social injustice, enhancing their identity affirmation, and increasing their self‐esteem.
“Why is it that all the Dangerous Children are Black From the Neighborhoods?”: Critical Phenomenology of the Concept of Risk Among Adults Educated at Therapeutic Boarding Schools
Authors: Frantsman‐Spector Alin , Shoshana Avihu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article is based on in‐depth interviews with Israeli adults who had been labeled in their childhood as being at risk and removed from their home to residential care settings (RCS) by court order due to their families' extreme poverty. In seeking their perspective, the present article addresses the pivotal question of how, as adults, they define, experience, and relate to the concept of “at‐risk children.” The interviews revealed critical phenomenological readings of the notion of risk and the social institution of RCS. Analyzing the critical phenomenology of the interviewees offers research contributions concerning the study of the social construction of the concept of risk, its phenomenology, and the long‐term ramifications of labeling children as being at risk and of educating them in RCS.
Leukocyte telomere length is inversely associated with a metabolic risk score in Mesoamerican children
Authors: Garfein Joshua , Flannagan Kerry S. , Rittman Danielle , Ramirez‐Zea Manuel , Villamor Eduardo ,   For the Nine Mesoamerican Countries Metabolic Syndrome Study (NiMeCoMeS) Group
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveLeukocyte telomere length (LTL) may be involved in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We examined the associations of LTL with MetS and its components among Mesoamerican children and their adult parents, in a region where MetS prevalence is high.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 151 children aged 7–12 years and 346 parents from the capitals of Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Chiapas State, Mexico. We quantified LTL by qPCR on DNA extracted from whole blood. In children, we created an age‐ and sex‐standardized metabolic risk score using waist circumference (WC), the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), blood pressure, serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and serum triglycerides. In adults, MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III definition. We estimated mean differences in metabolic risk score and prevalence ratios of MetS across quartiles of LTL using multivariable‐adjusted linear and Poisson regression models, respectively.ResultsIn children, every 1 LTL z‐score was related to an adjusted 0.05 units lower (95% CI: −0.09, −0.02, P = 0.005) MetS risk score, through WC, HOMA‐IR, and HDL. Among adults, LTL was not associated with MetS prevalence; however, every 1 LTL z‐score was associated with an adjusted 34% lower prevalence of high fasting glucose (95% CI: 3%, 55%, p = .03).ConclusionsAmong Mesoamerican children, LTL is associated with an improved metabolic profile; among adults, LTL is inversely associated with the prevalence of high fasting glucose.
Zwitterion‐Catalyzed Amino‐Dibromination of Nitroalkenes: Scope, Mechanism, and Application to The Synthesis of Glycinamides
Authors: Ng Wing‐Hin , Lam Ying‐Pong , Hu Rong‐Bin , Ng Wing‐Lok , Yeung Ying‐Yeung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlycinamides are valuable building blocks of natural products and biological relevant molecules. Many existing methods for the synthesis of glycinamides rely on harsh conditions. Herein, we report a zwitterion‐catalyzed aminobromination of nitroalkenes using N‐bromosuccinimide as the Br source and the amide donor. The resulting aminobromide products are converted into glycinamides.
N‐Nitroso As A Novel Directing Group in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Bond Functionalizations of N‐Nitrosoanilines
Authors: De Saroj Ranjan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the last few decades, the syntheses of bioactive natural products and functional materials have been achieved via C−H bond functionalizations where the transition metals in coordination with the directing groups trigger the C−H bond activation. A wide variety of directing groups has been recognized for transition‐metal‐catalyzed ortho‐C−H bond functionalization of arenes. Recently, N‐nitroso group has been established as a new, efficient and sometimes as a traceless directing group in ortho‐C(sp2)−H bond functionalizations of N‐nitrosoanilines. During functioning as a traceless‐directing‐group, the N ‐O bond of N‐nitrosoaniline acts as an internal oxidant to recycle the employed catalyst. Pd, Rh, Co, Ru and Ir catalysts have been screened for the ortho C−H bond functionalizations of N‐nitrosoanilines constructing new C−C, C−O, C−N and C−X bonds. Herein, we have summarized all the recently developed N‐nitroso group directed ortho‐C(sp2)−H bond functionalization reactions of N‐nitrosoanilines.
carba‐Nicotinamid‐Adenin‐Dinukleotid‐Phosphat: Robuster Cofaktor für die Redox‐Biokatalyse
Authors: Zachos Ioannis , Döring Manuel , Tafertshofer Georg , Simon Robert C. , Sieber Volker 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHier berichten wir über ein neues robustes Nicotinamid‐Dinukleotidphosphat‐Cofaktor‐Analogon (carba‐NADP+) und dessen Akzeptanz von zahlreichen Enzymen aus der Klasse der Oxidoreduktasen. Es wurde festgestellt, dass das Ersetzen eines Ribose‐Sauerstoffs durch eine Methylengruppe des natürlichen NADP+ die Stabilität drastisch erhöht. Zersetzungsexperimente bei moderaten und hohen Temperaturen mit den Cofaktoren zeigten eine drastische Erhöhung der Halbwertszeit bei erhöhten Temperaturen, da die Hydrolyse der Pyridinium‐N‐Glykosid‐Bindung deutlich reduziert wird. Insgesamt wurden mehr als 27 verschiedene Enzyme erfolgreich getestet, von denen einige im Detail vergleichend charakterisiert wurden. Der Cofaktor carba‐NADP+ eröffnet das Feld der Redox‐Biokatalyse unter extremen Bedingungen.