bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gewebebasierte Diagnostik des Lungenkarzinoms – Morphologie und molekulare Diagnostik
Authors: Mairinger Thomas 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie gewebebasierte Diagnostik des Lungenkarzinoms hat in der letzten Zeit mit der Einführung individualisierter Therapiemöglichkeiten an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die Basis der Diagnostik ist nach wie vor die lichtmikroskopische Beurteilung von histologischen Schnitten. Die Morphologie und das klinische Staging sind wegweisend für die weitere leitliniengerechten Therapie im Rahmen der sogenannten „individualisierten Therapie“ oder „Präzisionsmedizin“, bei der gezielt Veränderungen in intrazellulären Signalkaskaden therapeutisch beeinflusst werden.Neben dem Eingriff in diese Signalkaskaden ist ein weiterer therapeutischer Ansatz der Versuch, mittels der Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren tumorimmunologische Reaktionen des körpereigenen Immunsystems zu initiieren bzw. zu ermöglichen. Die Stratifizierung von für diese Therapie geeigneten Patientengruppen erfolgt über den gewebebasierten immunhistochemischen Nachweis der entsprechenden membranösen Rezeptorexpression auf Tumor- oder Immunzellen.Aus pathohistologischer Sicht spielen prädiktiv-diagnostisch sowohl Überexpression von Rezeptoren, als auch andere genetische und epigenetische Veränderungen (z. B. Inversionen, Translokationen, Methylierung etc.) in den Tumorzellen eine richtungsweisende Rolle.
How to Manage Complications Related to the Use of Intramedullary Screws in Metacarpal Fractures: Case Series
Authors: Camacho Eliana , Craviotto Matías , D'Oliveira Lucía 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe use of intramedullary screws has been increasing among hand surgeons in cases of metacarpal fractures due to their low morbidity, and because they minimize incisions and dissection, and require less tissue manipulation and deperiostization. However, there are few published articles on the complications that arise from its use. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to present a series of cases of complications following the use of intramedullary screws in metacarpal fractures that required surgical intervention, and to describe the surgical technique used to solve them .
Methods We performed a retrospective multicenter study in which we reviewed the clinical history, surgical descriptions and radiographs of the patients submitted to fixation of intramedullary compression screws for metacarpal fractures. We defined as complications infection, lesion to the extensor apparatus, bending of the implant, loss of reduction, hardware failure, malrotation, and non-union.
Results Out of a total of 45 patients, we reported 3 cases of complication: 1 patient with loss of reduction, and 2 patients with bending of the implant. In the three cases, the screw was removed without complications, and the focus of the fracture was stabilized.
Conclusion Intramedullary fixation with compression screws is increasingly being used for metacarpal fractures, with reports of low rates of complications. In the series of cases herein reported, the complications were solved without difficulty, and the patients showed a good recovery in hand function in the follow-up. Knowledge of the possible complications and their management enables us to provide more safety to the patient at the time of choosing this technique.
Possible dimensionality transition behavior in localized plasmon resonances of confinement-controlled graphene devices
Authors: Morimoto Takahiro , Ikuta Yoshiue , Okazaki Toshiya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigated the dimensionality transition behavior of graphene localized plasmon resonances in confinement-controlled graphene devices. We first demonstrated a possibility of dimensionality transition, based on the devices carrier-density dependence, from a two-dimensional plasmon resonance to a one-dimensional plasmon one. We fabricated optical transparent devices and electrical transport devices on the same optical transparent wafer. These devices allow detailed control and analysis between carrier density and plasmon resonance peak positions. The carrier density from

n
4

(two-dimensional) to constant (one-dimensional) is consistent with the theoretical predictions based on the Dirac Fermion carriers in linear-band structure materials.
Seasonal dynamicity of environmental variables and water quality index in the lower stretch of the River Ganga
Authors: Kumar Chakresh , Ghosh Anwesha , Yash  , Debnath Manojit , Bhadury Punyasloke 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rapid human pressure in semi-urban and urban areas along with increasing industrial activities has resulted in release of untreated sewage and other forms of pollutants into major rivers globally including in the Ganga. In this study, nine sites represented by 59 stations along the lower stretch of the River Ganga were monitored seasonally to understand the effect of monsoonal precipitation on environmental variables and Water Quality Index (WQI). Sampling was undertaken in pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons (2019). In situ surface water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured along with dissolved nutrients and Chlorophyll-a. Both pH and DO were strongly influenced by monsoon and affected WQI. TDS was higher in point source (PS) stations during pre-monsoon (113–538 ppm) compared to surface water (SW) stations (113–248 ppm) with strong influence of monsoon (PS-27.4-310.3 ppm; SW-27-68.9 ppm). Dissolved nutrients including nitrate and o-phosphate concentration showed significant seasonal variation and influenced monsoonal precipitation. In PS stations across studied seasons dissolved nitrate concentration varied from 26.33–646 μM while in SW the range was from 21.22–148.06 μM. In the studied sites, higher concentration of dissolved nutrients in PS stations reflected the release of untreated municipal and industrial sewage directly into the river. The effect of precipitation and resulting environmental variables was clearly evident on biological variable (concentration of Chl-a) with observed values in PS stations (0–21 mg l−1) which were lesser compared to SW stations (0–89.3 mg l−1) during monsoon. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed three distinct clusters with greater overlap between PS and SW stations in monsoon. The WQI values (14–52) determined for lower stretch of Ganga revealed very poor water quality in majority stations and monsoonal precipitation did not have any influence on the observed trends.
Financial implications of mobile phone-based personal carbon trading: a case study of Safaricom
Authors: Al-Guthmy Fahd Mohamed Omar , Yan Wanglin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Personal carbon trading (PCT) has garnered significant interest in the literature as an alternative policy instrument to the largely unpopular carbon tax. However, it has been hindered by the cost and administrative complexity concerns as a result of covering potentially millions of emitters. This work expands on a prior study which presented a mobile phone-based PCT scheme for personal road transport in Kenya. In that study, the system design and operation was extensively developed, and distributional impact was assessed using sample data of motorists to identify equity issues. In this extension, I justify the scheme further by assessing the cost concerns using a case study approach of the mobile service provider, Safaricom. Data from the sample survey is revisited and combined with Safaricom’s financial reports to simulate the potential cost of the scheme. Results revealed running costs of less than £80 000 annually, several times lower than estimates that relied on the chip card system. Policymakers and researchers are encouraged to build on this scheme’s viability as a globally-inclusive variant of PCT.
Comparison of intradialytic blood pressure metrics as predictors of all-cause mortality
Authors: Kim Ka Young , Park Hae Sang , Kim Jin Sun , Ahn Shin Young , Ko Gang Jee , Kwon Young Joo , Kim Ji Eun 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) has been reported to be an important prognostic factor in hemodialysis patients. However, a standard definition of IDH has not yet been determined.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed blood pressure (BP) metrics obtained during serial dialysis sessions over a 90-day period from a single dialysis center from 2016 to 2017. The mean values and the frequency of specific values of BP were analyzed as predictors of 3-year mortality.

Results
A total of 430 patients who underwent maintenance dialysis were included. The mean age was 63.3 ± 12.4 years and 58.6% were male. A low minimum systolic blood pressure (SBP) &lt;110 mmHg during dialysis was significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality. The frequency of a minimum SBP &lt;100 mmHg was the most significant predictor of 3-year mortality, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.722. Furthermore, the frequency of a minimum SBP &lt;100 mmHg significantly increased the predictability of mortality when combined with the presence of other clinical factors including age, body mass index and vascular access type (AUC 0.786 vs. 0.835; p = 0.005).

Conclusion
Among the various intradialytic BP metrics, the frequency of a minimum SBP &lt;100 mmHg is the most significant factor related to all-cause mortality. The guidelines for the management of blood pressure in dialysis patients should consider including a minimum SBP &lt;100 mmHg as a definition for IDH.
Packing a punch: understanding how flavours are produced in lager fermentations
Authors: Lin Claire Lin , García-Caro Roberto de la Cerda , Zhang Penghan , Carlin Silvia , Gottlieb Andrea , Petersen Mikael Agerlin , Vrhovsek Urska , Bond Ursula 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Beer is one of the most popular beverages in the world and it has an irreplaceable place in culture. Although invented later than ale, lager beers dominate the current market. Many factors relating to the appearance (colour, clarity and foam stability) and sensory characters (flavour, taste and aroma) of beer, and other psychological determinants affect consumers’ perception of the product and defines its drinkability. This review takes a wholistic approach to scrutinise flavour generation in the brewing process, focusing particularly on the contribution of the raw ingredients and the yeasts to the final flavour profiles of lager beers. In addition, we examine current developments to improve lager beer flavour profiles for the modern consumers.
When you come to a fork in the road – take it!
Authors: Murawski Steve 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The title of this “Food for Thought” article comes from a quote variously attributed, but mostly to the baseball player-philosopher Yogi Berra. I suppose the intent of the quote to be at once both funny and philosophical. We are all confronted with hard professional choices during our careers. Which fork in the road to take is ultimately determined by balancing our current situations (their positive and negative attributes) with an uncertain possibility to achieve more rewarding career and personal goals down a different path. I have been fortunate to have not one but three distinct careers in marine science—as a fishery stock assessment scientist, an agency senior science administrator, and as an academic. All of the choices I have made (both opportunities accepted and those declined) have presented professional challenges to get out of my comfort zone and take advantage of tremendous opportunities to learn new things and to grow professionally and personally. Over the course of my career, I have witnessed fisheries management and science maturing into an enormous enterprise so critical to the sustainability of our oceans. We have discovered much about the limits of human exploitation and the intricacies of how marine ecosystems respond to the human hand. Attitudes have matured regarding the process of fisheries management and the critical roles that fishers, regulators, scientists, and non-governmental organizations play in balancing ecology and economy. The most important lessons I have learned are those for working effectively in groups (active listening, authenticity vs. authority of leadership, openness) and understanding that successful teamwork requires establishing a stimulating and energetic environment for creative thinking and doing.
Binding patterns of RNA-binding proteins to repeat-derived RNA sequences reveal putative functional RNA elements
Authors: Onoguchi Masahiro , Zeng Chao , Matsumaru Ayako , Hamada Michiaki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent reports have revealed that repeat-derived sequences embedded in introns or long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are targets of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and contribute to biological processes such as RNA splicing or transcriptional regulation. These findings suggest that repeat-derived RNAs are important as scaffolds of RBPs and functional elements. However, the overall functional sequences of the repeat-derived RNAs are not fully understood. Here, we show the putative functional repeat-derived RNAs by analyzing the binding patterns of RBPs based on ENCODE eCLIP data. We mapped all eCLIP reads to repeat sequences and observed that 10.75 % and 7.04 % of reads on average were enriched (at least 2-fold over control) in the repeats in K562 and HepG2 cells, respectively. Using these data, we predicted functional RNA elements on the sense and antisense strands of long interspersed element 1 (LINE1) sequences. Furthermore, we found several new sets of RBPs on fragments derived from other transposable element (TE) families. Some of these fragments show specific and stable secondary structures and are found to be inserted into the introns of genes or lncRNAs. These results suggest that the repeat-derived RNA sequences are strong candidates for the functional RNA elements of endogenous noncoding RNAs.
Area bound for surfaces in generic gravitational field
Authors: Izumi Keisuke , Tomikawa Yoshimune , Shiromizu Tetsuya , Yoshino Hirotaka 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We define an attractive gravity probe surface (AGPS) as a compact 2-surface $S_\alpha$ with positive mean curvature $k$ satisfying $r^a D_a k / k^2 \ge \alpha$ (for a constant $\alpha&gt;-1/2$) in the local inverse mean curvature flow, where $r^a D_a k$ is the derivative of $k$ in the outward unit normal direction. For asymptotically flat spaces, any AGPS is proved to satisfy the areal inequality $A_\alpha \le 4\pi [ ( 3+4\alpha)/(1+2\alpha) ]^2(Gm)^2$, where $A_{\alpha}$ is the area of $S_\alpha$ and $m$ is the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner mass. Equality is realized when the space is isometric to the $t=$ constant hypersurface of the Schwarzschild spacetime and $S_\alpha$ is an $r=\mathrm{constant}$ surface with $r^a D_a k / k^2 = \alpha$. We adapt the two methods of the inverse mean curvature flow and the conformal flow. Therefore, our result is applicable to the case where $S_\alpha$ has multiple components. For anti-de Sitter (AdS) spaces, a similar inequality is derived, but the proof is performed only by using the inverse mean curvature flow. We also discuss the cases with asymptotically locally AdS spaces.
Mesorhizobium microcysteis sp. nov., isolated from a culture of Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Jung Jaejoon , Seo Ye Lin , Kim Kyeong Ryeol , Park Hye Yoon , Jeon Che Ok 
Published: July 2021

Strain MaA-C15T, a Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming and strictly aerobic bacterium, was isolated from a xenic culture of

Microcystis aeruginosa

in the Republic of Korea. Cells were motile rods showing positive reactions in catalase and oxidase tests. Growth was observed between 15 and 37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), between pH 6.0 and pH 11.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Strain MaA-C15T contained C16 : 0, 11-methyl-C18 : 1
ω7c, cyclo-C19 : 0
ω8c and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω6c and/or C18 : 1
ω7c) as the major cellular fatty acids and ubiquinone-10 as the sole respiratory quinone. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified glycolipid and three unidentified phospholipids were detected as the major polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.1 mol%. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences revealed that strain MaA-C15T formed a phyletic lineage with

Mesorhizobium sediminum

YIM M12096T within the family

Phyllobacteriaceae

. Strain MaA-C15T was most closely related to

Mesorhizobium albiziae

DSM 21822T with a 98.2 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity. Average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain MaA-C15T and

M. albiziae

DSM 21822T were 75.4 and 20.1 %, respectively. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses, strain MaA-C15T represents a novel species of the genus

Mesorhizobium

, for which the name Mesorhizobium microcysteis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MaA-C15T (=KACC 21226T=JCM 33503T).
Doctors’ and Nurses’ Social Media Ads Reduced Holiday Travel and COVID-19 infections: A cluster randomized controlled trial in 13 States
Authors: Breza Emily , Stanford Fatima Cody , Alsan Marcela , Alsan Burak , Banerjee Abhijit , Chandrasekhar Arun G. , Eichmeyer Sarah , Glushko Traci , Goldsmith-Pinkham Paul , Holland Kelly , Hoppe Emily , Karnani Mohit , Liegl Sarah , Loisel Tristan , Ogbu-Nwobodo Lucy , Olken Benjamin A. , Torres Carlos , Vautrey Pierre-Luc , Warner Erica , Wootton Susan , Duflo Esther 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 epidemic, many health professionals started using mass communication on social media to relay critical information and persuade individuals to adopt preventative health behaviors. Our group of clinicians and nurses developed and recorded short video messages to encourage viewers to stay home for the Thanksgiving and Christmas Holidays. We then conducted a two-stage clustered randomized controlled trial in 820 counties (covering 13 States) in the United States of a large-scale Facebook ad campaign disseminating these messages. In the first level of randomization, we randomly divided the counties into two groups: high intensity and low intensity. In the second level, we randomly assigned zip codes to either treatment or control such that 75% of zip codes in high intensity counties received the treatment, while 25% of zip codes in low intensity counties received the treatment. In each treated zip code, we sent the ad to as many Facebook subscribers as possible (11,954,109 users received at least one ad at Thanksgiving and 23,302,290 users received at least one ad at Christmas). The first primary outcome was aggregate holiday travel, measured using mobile phone location data, available at the county level: we find that average distance travelled in high-intensity counties decreased by −0.993 percentage points (95% CI −1.616, −0.371,p-value 0.002) the three days before each holiday. The second primary outcome was COVID-19 infection at the zip-code level: COVID-19 infections recorded in the two-week period starting five days post-holiday declined by 3.5 percent (adjusted 95% CI [-6.2 percent, −0.7 percent],p-value 0.013) in intervention zip codes compared to control zip codes.One sentence summaryIn a large scale clustered randomized controlled trial, short messages recorded by health professionals before the winter holidays in the United States and sent as ads to social media users led to a significant reduction in holiday travel, and to a decrease in subsequent COVID-19 infection at the population level.
Structural disconnectome mapping of cognitive function in post-stroke patients
Authors: Kolskår Knut K. , Ulrichsen Kristine M. , Richard Genevieve , Dørum Erlend S. , de Schotten Michel Thiebaut , Rokicki Jaroslav , Monereo-Sánchez Jennifer , Engvig Andreas , Hansen Hege Ihle , Nordvik Jan Egil , Westlye Lars T. , Alnæs Dag 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSequalae following stroke represents a significant challenge in current rehabilitation. The location and size of focal lesions are only moderately predictive of the diverse cognitive outcome after stroke. One explanation building on recent work on brain networks proposes that the cognitive consequences of focal lesions are caused by damages to anatomically distributed brain networks supporting cognition rather than specific lesion locations. To investigate the association between post-stroke structural disconnectivity and cognitive performance, we estimated individual level whole-brain disconnectivity probability maps based on lesion maps from 102 stroke patients using normative data from healthy controls. Cognitive performance was assessed in the whole sample using Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a more comprehensive computerized test protocol was performed on a subset (n=82). Multivariate analysis using Partial Least Squares on the disconnectome maps revealed that higher disconnectivity in right insular and frontal operculum, superior temporal gyrus and putamen was associated with poorer MoCA performance, indicating that lesions in regions connected with these brain regions are more likely to cause cognitive impairment. Furthermore, our results indicated that disconnectivity within these clusters was associated with poorer performance across multiple cognitive domains. These findings demonstrate that the extent and distribution of structural disconnectivity following stroke are sensitive to cognitive deficits and may provide important clinical information predicting post stroke cognitive sequalae.