bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do gabapentin or pregabalin directly modulate the µ receptor?
Authors: Manandhar Preeti , Murnion Bridin Patricia , Grimsey Natasha L. , Connor Mark , Santiago Marina 
Published: April 2021

Background
Pregabalin and gabapentin improve neuropathic pain symptoms but there are emerging concerns regarding their misuse. This is more pronounced among patients with substance use disorder, particularly involving opioids. Co-ingestion of gabapentinoids with opioids is increasingly identified in opioid related deaths, however, the molecular mechanism behind this is still unclear. We have sought to determine whether pregabalin or gabapentin directly modulates acute μ receptor signaling, or μ receptor activation by morphine.

Methods
The effects of pregabalin and gabapentin were assessed in HEK 293 cells stably transfected with the human μ receptor. Their effect on morphine induced hyperpolarization, cAMP production and ERK phosphorylation were studied using fluorescent-based membrane potential assay, bioluminescence based CAMYEL assay and ELISA assay, respectively. Pregabalin/gabapentin effects on morphine-induced hyperpolarization were also investigated in AtT20 cells.

Results
Pregabalin or gabapentin (1 µM, 100 µM each) did not activate the µ receptor or affect K channel activation or ERK phosphorylation produced by morphine. Neither drug affected the desensitization of K channel activation produced by prolonged (30 min) application of morphine. Gabapentin (1 µM, 100 µM) and pregabalin (1 µM) did not affect inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production by morphine. However, pregabalin (100 µM) potentiated forskolin mediated cAMP production, although morphine still inhibited cAMP levels with a similar potency to control.

Discussion
Pregabalin or gabapentin did not activate or modulate µ receptor signaling in three different assays. Our data do not support the hypothesis that gabapentin or pregabalin augment opioid effects through direct or allosteric modulation of the µ receptor. Pregabalin at a high concentration increases cAMP production independent of morphine. The mechanism of enhanced opioid-related harms from co-ingestion of pregabalin or gabapentin with opioids needs further investigation.
Studies on an Alternative Method for Preparation and Fermentation of idlis Made from Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam) Verdc.) and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Authors: Sarangharaajan Akshaya , Jagadeesan Saibaba , Palani Kalpana , Melmangalam Ramasubramaniyan Ramanathan 
Published: April 2021

The present study was undertaken to develop an alternative idli from proso millet with horse gram and fenugreek seeds. Two types of wet batters (Batter A & Batter B) were prepared by soaking the ingredients proso millet, horse gram and fenugreek separately (in the ratio by weight 7:2:1) in excess water for 8 hours at room temperature (25±2ºC). In method A, the ingredients were soaked in excess water and whereas in method B, fenugreek was soaked in buttermilk. The soaked ingredients were ground separately with adequate amount of water using a grinder and mixed with the addition of 1% salt. The resulting batter was fermented for 10 hours at room temperature. The batter was analyzed for its microbial load (Total Plate Count, Lactobacillus and Yeast and Mold) and physico-chemical properties (height rise, pH and titratable acidity) by drawing aliquots at fixed intervals. Microbial analysis revealed maximum load at 6th hour of fermentation for TPC, LAB and Yeast growth. Suppressing activity of the organisms was seen after this stage and there was a sharp decline in microbial growth (LAB and Yeast). The pH and total titratable acidity ranged between 4.88-6.20 and 0.19–0.51% respectively. The nutritional analysis and sensorial acceptance of the idli formulated with both the batters were also studied. Both the idlis were found to have a two-fold increase in protein content and a 50% reduction in carbohydrate content when compared with the traditional rice idli. The sensory analysis was conducted with 100 untrained panelists and the results revealed that idli prepared from Batter A was preferred. A dry ready to cook idli mix was also formulated and was studied for the above said properties. The study highlights that proso millet, horse gram and fenugreek can be used as an effective alternative for preparation of idli.
Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Viral Warts in University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Altraide Dasetima D. , Aladeh Dieprebi Agnes , Otike-Odibi Bolaji 
Published: April 2021

Background: Warts are benign epidermal neoplasms resulting from infection with human papilloma viruses.
Aim and Objective: To determine the clinico- epidemiological profile of patients with warts.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria. All patients with warts that attended the dermatology clinic from June 2013 to June 2020 were included. Data of the patients were searched for detailed history, complete cutaneous, systemic examinations and retroviral screening. Analysis was done using Microsoft excel, 2013 software.
Results: One hundred and eighteen (118) patients were clinically diagnosed with viral warts during the study period. 36 (30.51%) had genital warts while 82 (69.49%) had non-genital warts. Males were more affected than females and the mean age at presentation was 25.04 years. The most common type of warts seen in children and adults was common warts. High risk behaviours was noted in 85% of patients with genital warts.
Conclusion: Common warts were the most common warts with male preponderance. The head and neck were the most common site, but the extremities were more common in children. Patients in the second decade of life were mostly affected with majority concerned about the cosmetic appearance.
Gynecological Problems, Health Behaviors and Health Promotion among Women: Does it Matters in Pakistan?
Authors: Malik Madeeha , Jamil Emmama , Rana Shazana , Hussain Azhar 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Poor socioeconomic status, lower education background, social stigma associated with sharing gynecological issues, paucity of early detection program, limited access to health care facilities, less number of qualified gynecologists and lack of technical equipment in Pakistan are the major factors affecting diagnosis, adequate control and prevention of gynecological problems in Pakistan. The importance of health promoting lifestyle and quality of life has been recognized in developed world for more than two decades, however, this concept is still in infancy in developing countries including Pakistan. Health promoting behavior especially among women is an unexplored area of research in Pakistan.
Objective: The present study was designed to assess health promoting lifestyle behavior among women with different gynecological problems in Pakistan.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A pre validated questionnaires i.e. HPLP-II was self-administered to a sample of 383 women with different gynecological problems selected using convenience sampling technique. After data collection, data was cleaned, coded and entered in SPSS. Non-parametric tests Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests (p ≥ 0.05) were performed to find out the differences among different variables.
Results: Significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in health promoting life style behavior was observed among patients of gynecological problems residing in different setting, having different marital status, different types of gynecological problem and educational background. Patients with gynecological problem residing in rural settings, married, who had ovary cyst and more educated had comparatively improved health promoting lifestyle behavior.
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed low health-promoting behaviors among women with gynecologic problems in Pakistan. Furthermore, the women’s score of spiritual growth, stress management, and interpersonal relations was higher than that of nutrition and physical activity. Therefore, it appears necessary to perform health education programs emphasizing nutrition and physical activities and establish counseling centers for teaching the health-promoting behaviors to the women for improving their overall quality of life.
Histomorphological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Gliomas
Authors: Mukilarasi K. R. , Rao Bheema , Lilly S. Mary 
Published: April 2021

In the present study, important parameters like frequency distribution of Gliomas, age group of Glioma patients, common sex involved, commonest site of occurrence, clinical presentations, radiological histopathological correlation, p16INK4a expression of the glial tumors are compared with other similar studies. The aim is to find out common age group of Glioma occurrence and it includes higher grades of Astrocytomas. The present study focuses on common symptoms such as head ache, histopathologial correlation and common tumor etc and to study the Histomorphology of Gliomas to evaluate p16INK4a expression in Gliomas to correlate the p16INK4a expression with the WHO grading of Gliomas. Various parameters like age, sex, site, clinical symptoms, radiological correlation and WHO Grading were analysed.p16 IHC was expressed as positive and negative according to its nuclear staining of >25% cells in 10 continuous fields in 40x and it was found that p16 expression was Positive in all Grade 1 Astrocytoma, 3 out of 5 Grade II Astrocytoma and only in one Grade IV Glioblastoma. p16 expression was negative in 2 Grade II Astrocytomas and in 17 Grade IV Gioblastomas and in 2 cases of Myxopapillary Ependymoma.
Laparoscopic Treatment of Mesenteric Cysts: Report of Two Cases With a Literature Review
Authors: Kawamura Junichiro , Ushijima Hokuto , Yoshioka Yasumasa , Daito Koji , Ueda Kazuki , Tokoro Tadao , Hida Jin-ichi , Imamoto Haruhiko , Okuno Kiyotaka 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionMesenteric cysts are rare intra-abdominal masses. They do not show classic clinical findings and are detected incidentally during imaging because of their absent or nonspecific clinical presentation. We herein report 2 cases of mesenteric cysts that were successfully diagnosed and resected through a laparoscopic approach.Case presentationIn a 35-year-old man underwent a comprehensive medical checkup at another hospital, during which ultrasound incidentally revealed a cystic mass in his right retroperitoneum. The patient was referred to our hospital for surgical treatment. He was asymptomatic and his medical history was unremarkable. Physical examination revealed no palpable abdominal mass, and all laboratory test results were within normal ranges. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a 7.2-cm-diameter smooth-surfaced, well-demarcated mass behind the right colon without a contrast effect (Fig. 1). We considered the cyst to be benign and localized in the mesentery of the ascending colon. In one patient, the cyst was located in the mesentery of the ascending colon and removed via a right hemicolectomy; in the other patient, the cyst was located in the sigmoid mesentery, which was completely resected through the operative wound under an open procedure after laparoscopic mobilization of the sigmoid mesentery. We chose the laparoscopic approach in both cases because the cysts were considered benign, noninfectious, and nonhemorrhagic. Histologic examination revealed cystic lymphangioma in both cases.ConclusionFor mesenteric cysts, laparoscopy could be a preferred approach in properly selected patients.
“Hurt people hurt people”: Relations between adverse experiences and patterns of cyber and in‐person aggression and victimization among urban adolescents
Authors: O'Connor Kelly E. , Sullivan Terri N. , Ross Katherine M. , Marshall Khiya J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study identified subgroups of adolescents with distinct patterns of involvement with overt and relational in‐person and cyber aggression and victimization. We also assessed subgroup similarities and differences in exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), exposure to community violence, and trauma symptoms. Using latent class analysis, we identified three subgroups among 265 adolescents (Mage = 14.3 years; 57% female; 96% African American) residing in three urban high‐burden communities that included youth who reported: (a) combined (cyber and in‐person) aggression and victimization (17%), (b) in‐person aggression and victimization (51%), and (c) adolescents with limited involvement (32%). Youth in the combined aggressive‐victims subgroup had the highest probability of endorsing exposure to community violence, trauma symptoms, and a higher number of ACEs overall as well as higher rates of both verbal and physical abuse compared to the other subgroups. Our results indicated that the adolescents who reported the highest frequencies of aggressive behavior were also the most victimized and traumatized. These findings provide context to aggressive behavior among adolescents living in high‐burden, urban communities and underscore the need for trauma‐informed prevention interventions.
Review on Volatolomic Studies as a Frontier Approach in Animal Research
Authors: Jaimes‐Mogollón Aylen Lisset , Welearegay Tesfalem G. , Salumets Andres , Ionescu Radu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive review of the research studies in volatolomics performed on animals so far. At first, the procedures proposed for the collection, preconcentration, and storing of the volatile organic compounds emitted by various biological samples of different animals are presented and discussed. Next, the results obtained in the analysis of the collected volatile samples with analytical equipment are shown. The possible volatile biomarkers identified for various diseases are highlighted for different types of diseases, animal species, and biological samples analyzed. The chemical classes of these compounds, as well as the biomarkers found in a higher number of animal diseases, are indicated, and their possible origin is analyzed. The studies that dealt with the diagnosis of various diseases from sample measurement with electronic nose systems are also presented and discussed. The paper ends with a final remark regarding the necessity of optimization and standardization of sample collection and analysis procedures for obtaining meaningful results.
A Monomaterial Nernst Thermopile with Hermaphroditic Legs
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Zhu Zengwei , Behnia Kamran 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA large transverse thermoelectric response, known as the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) has been recently observed in several topological magnets. Building a thermopile employing this effect has been the subject of several recent propositions. Here, a thermopile is designed and built with an array of tilted adjacent crystals of Mn3Sn. The design employs a single material and replaces pairs of P and N thermocouples of the traditional design with hermaphroditic legs. The design exploits the large lag angle between the applied field and the magnetization, which is attributed to the interruption of magnetic octupoles at the edge of the xy‐plane. Eliminating extrinsic contact between the legs will boost the efficiency, simplify the process, and pave the way for a new generation of thermopiles.
Performance Enhancement of Inkjet Printed Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Inks using Synthetic and Green Surfactants
Authors: Kamarudin Siti Fatimah , Jaafar Mariatti , Abd Manaf Asrulnizam , Takamura Yuzuru , Masuda Takashi , Yumoto Yudai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile the efficiency of synthetic surfactants in controlling the dispersion behaviour of nanomaterials in aqueous solution has been well documented, issues on environmental impact remain unsolved. The aim of this study is to synthesize multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) inks using green surfactants and their chemical, physical, and electrical performances are compared to those of synthetic surfactant inks. The conductive ink is synthesized by dispersing MWCNTs in surfactant solution (gum Arabic [GA], alkali lignin [AL], polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP] or pluronic F‐127 [PL]) with various concentrations. Among four investigated surfactants, GA/MWCNTs and PVP/MWCNTs inks are selected for further investigation due to their excellent dispersion stability. The printability of both inks is assessed by analyzing the quality of the conductive patterns printed with different inkjet printers theoretically and experimentally. It is found that multi‐nozzle printer is capable of developing printed patterns with lower sheet resistance compared to single‐nozzle printer. Overall, 5 GA/MWCNTs ink recorded as the most stable ink with only 14.4% reduction of absorbance after 30 days and with zeta potential value of −40.3 ± 5.36 mV. Ten layers of 5 GA/MWCNTs ink printed on PVA demonstrate a dense MWCNTs networks, which contribute to the lowest surface resistance of 3.0 kΩ sq−1.
Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials from Plant Extracts and Future Green Prospects: A Topical Review
Authors: Huang Yajing , Haw Choon Yian , Zheng Ziyue , Kang Junyong , Zheng Jin‐Cheng , Wang Hui‐Qiong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper conducts a survey of the synthesis of zinc oxide nanomaterials using bio‐ and green‐ approaches that have attracted researchers’ attention. Compared to the traditional physical and chemical synthesis, the green method of biosynthesis stands out and has become a favorite route in the research field as it conforms to the sustainable development of modern society. The biosynthesis process of ZnO nanomaterials is mainly divided into two parts: one is the pretreatment of plant components; the other is the dissolving of plant extracts in zinc precursor solution to form ZnO nanomaterials. During this process, the precursor that provides the zinc source is reduced to precipitate zinc oxide. As a routine confirmatory test, a series of characterization techniques are conducted, and the results show that the synthesized zinc oxide nanomaterials can exhibit good antibacterial, photocatalytic, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐cancer properties. In addition, prominent trends and pivotal points in visualized networks of bioinspired zinc oxide are further verified and discussed in this work. An outlook for challenges and future studies is also provided.
Cotton growth model under drip irrigation with film mulching: A case study of Xinjiang, China
Authors: Wang Kang , Su Lijun , Wang Quanjiu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCrop growth depends on the cumulative temperature of the crop growing season, and growing degree days (GDD) is presently widely used as an index of the effective accumulated temperature. However, there are few reports on the relationship model between cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and GDD. Based on meteorological data and published document from the Xinjiang region in the past 12 yr, we used GDD to replace days after sowing to establish a model for the growth of cotton under drip irrigation with film mulch in Xinjiang, China. In order to analyze the effects of temperature on cotton growth under the different regions and management measures, a correction coefficient method was proposed to obtain the uniform growth law. Then a standardized logistic model was used to analyze growth indices based on GDD, and the relationships between maximum leaf area index (LAImax), maximum dry‐matter accumulation (DMAmax), the harvest index (HI), and total irrigation amount are discussed. Finally, the irrigation amount during the whole growth period is used as an independent variable to predict seed‐cotton yield. The results showed that plant height and growth rate were highest when GDD increased to about 1,100 and 530 °C, respectively. The rates of increase in LAI and DMA were highest when GDD increased to about 900 and 1,000 °C, respectively. Maximum leaf area index was 4.65 and HI was near optimal when irrigation amount for the entire growing season was 500 mm. The GDD could thus improve the accuracy of yield prediction. This study provides an available method for the further establishment of a universal cotton model.
Iron and platelets: A subtle, under‐recognized relationship
Authors: Brissot Eolia , Troadec Marie‐Bérengère , Loréal Olivier , Brissot Pierre 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe role of iron in the formation and functioning of erythrocytes, and to a lesser degree of white blood cells, is well established, but the relationship between iron and platelets is less documented. Physiologically, iron plays an important role in hematopoiesis, including thrombopoiesis; iron levels direct, together with genetic factors, the lineage commitment of megakaryocytic/erythroid progenitors toward either megakaryocyte or erythroid progenitors. Megakaryocytic iron contributes to cellular machinery, especially energy production in platelet mitochondria. Thrombocytosis, possibly favoring vascular thrombosis, is a classical feature observed with abnormally low total body iron stores (mainly due to blood losses or decreased duodenal iron intake), but thrombocytopenia can also occur in severe iron deficiency anemia. Iron sequestration, as seen in inflammatory conditions, can be associated with early thrombocytopenia due to platelet consumption and followed by reactive replenishment of the platelet pool with possibility of thrombocytosis. Iron overload of genetic origin (hemochromatosis), despite expected mitochondrial damage related to ferroptosis, has not been reported to cause thrombocytopenia (except in case of high degree of hepatic fibrosis), and iron‐related alteration of platelet function is still a matter of debate. In acquired iron overload (of transfusional and/or dyserythropoiesis origin), quantitative or qualitative platelet changes are difficult to attribute to iron alone due to the interference of the underlying hematological conditions; likewise, hematological improvement, including increased blood platelet counts, observed under iron oral chelation is likely to reflect mechanisms other than the sole beneficial impact of iron depletion.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed O−H Bond Insertion Reaction between H‐Phosphoryl Compounds and 2‐Pyridyl Carbenes Generated from Pyridotriazoles
Authors: Dong Chao , Zhang Can , Wang Xin , Shen Ruwei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe dirhodium(II) tetraacetate‐catalyzed O−H bond insertion reaction between H‐phosphoryl compounds and 2‐pyridyl carbenes generated from pyridotriazoles is reported to afford a new synthesis of 2‐picolyl phosphinates and phosphates in good to high yields with high selectivity. This new reaction represents a rare example showing a unique reactivity of the P(O)−H (vs PO−H) functionality of H‐phosphoryl compounds with respect to the insertion reactions of diazo compounds under transition metal catalysis.
An Amine–Borane System Featuring Room‐Temperature Dehydrogenation and Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Guojin , Morrison Daniel , Bao Guochen , Yu Haibo , Yoon Chang Won , Song Taekyong , Lee Jihye , Ung Alison T. , Huang Zhenguo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmine–borane complexes have been extensively studied as hydrogen storage materials. Herein, we report a new amine–borane system featuring a reversible dehydrogenation and regeneration at room temperature. In addition to high purity H2, the reaction between ethylenediamine bisborane (EDAB) and ethylenediamine (ED) leads to unique boron–carbon–nitrogen 5‐membered rings in the dehydrogenation product where one boron is tricoordinated by three nitrogen atoms. Owing to the unique cyclic structure, the dehydrogenation product can be efficiently converted back to EDAB by NaBH4 and H2O at room temperature. This finding could lead to the discovery of new amine boranes with potential usage as hydrogen storage materials.