bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young GI angle: Living through a crisis: How to manage downturns in your career
Authors: Ianiro Gianluca , Heinrich Henriette 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDepending on its reason, a crisis can last a time and needs patience and persistence to be solved. First, you feel the shot and realize what is happening. Then, you will probably remain shocked for some time, and you will need time to manage the crisis and get back on your feet. Moreover, you must consider, that after the end of the acute crisis, that a recovery period will be necessary to adapt yourself to the new environment and stand up again. During that time frame, it could be extremely hard to go ahead with your clinical and scientific career (e.g., learning new skills or carrying on new research), and you can feel scared. Because we humans are programmed to be skeptical when it comes to change—although it is an eternal constant. Also do not be afraid of wasting or losing time: even if it will take months to solve the issue, this time will not be wasted. You will have found a new balance, and, more importantly, you will have learned important skills how to manage a difficult situation and be ready for the next one. The term “crisis” means originally “separation”. This can reflect both the need of a choice and the fact that, after a crisis, you will not be the same. Despite being unpleasant, a crisis can be an opportunity for your life and your career—it can make you understand what you really want, depending on your ideas and your ambitions. A re‐establishment of your environment can be fruitful for your career and your motivation—so do not hesitate to embrace change and learn from it.
Ultrasound prediction of adverse perinatal outcome at diagnosis of late‐onset fetal growth restriction
Authors: Dall'Asta A. , Stampalija T. , Mecacci F. , Minopoli M. , Schera G. B. L. , Cagninelli G. , Ottaviani C. , Fantasia I. , Barbieri M. , Lisi F. , Simeone S. , Ghi T. , Frusca T. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between Doppler and biometric ultrasound parameters measured at diagnosis and perinatal adverse outcome in a cohort of late‐onset growth‐restricted (FGR) fetuses.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study of data obtained between 2014 and 2019 including non‐anomalous singleton pregnancies complicated by late‐onset FGR (≥ 32 weeks), which was defined either as abdominal circumference (AC) or estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 10th percentile for gestational age or as reduction of the longitudinal growth of AC by over 50 percentiles compared to ultrasound scan performed between 18 and 32 weeks of gestation. We evaluated the association between sonographic findings at diagnosis of FGR and composite adverse perinatal outcome (CAPO), defined as stillbirth or at least two of the following: obstetric intervention due to intrapartum fetal distress, neonatal acidemia, birth weight < 3rd percentile and transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).ResultsOverall, 468 cases with complete biometric and umbilical, fetal middle cerebral and uterine artery (UtA) Doppler data were included, of which 53 (11.3%) had CAPO. On logistic regression analysis, only EFW percentile was associated independently with CAPO (P = 0.01) and NICU admission (P < 0.01), while the mean UtA pulsatility index (PI) multiples of the median (MoM) > 95th percentile at diagnosis was associated independently with obstetric intervention due to intrapartum fetal distress (P = 0.01). The model including baseline pregnancy characteristics and the EFW percentile was associated with an area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve of 0.889 (95% CI, 0.813–0.966) for CAPO (P < 0.001). A cut‐off value for EFW corresponding to the 3.95th percentile was found to discriminate between cases with and those without CAPO, yielding a sensitivity of 58.5% (95% CI, 44.1–71.9%), specificity of 69.6% (95% CI, 65.0–74.0%), positive predictive value of 19.8% (95% CI, 13.8–26.8%) and negative predictive value of 92.9% (95% CI, 89.5–95.5%).ConclusionsRetrospective data from a large cohort of late‐onset FGR fetuses showed that EFW at diagnosis is the only sonographic parameter associated independently with the occurrence of CAPO, while mean UtA‐PI MoM > 95th percentile at diagnosis is associated independently with intrapartum distress leading to obstetric intervention. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Recent progress on multiscale modeling of electrochemistry
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Hui , Zhuang Yong‐Bin , Zhu Jia‐Xin , Le Jia‐Bo , Cheng Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractComputational electrochemistry, an important branch of electrochemistry, has shown its advantages in studying electrode/electrolyte interfaces, such as the structures of electric double layers. However, modeling electrochemical systems is still a challenge, especially in interface electrochemistry, because not only solvation effects and ion distribution in electrolyte solutions should be considered, but also the treatment of the electrode potential and the response of electrolytes to applied potentials. Here, we review the latest development in the field of computational electrochemistry. We first introduce various energy models used in simulating electrolytes and electrodes at multiple scales. Then, to better explain and compare between different methods, we discuss the calculation methods of solution electrochemistry and interface electrochemistry in separate. At last, we introduce the methods to electrify the interfaces in various multiscale models. This review aims to help understand various levels of methods in simulations of different scenarios in electrochemistry, and summarizes a set of schemes covering multiple scales.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Combined QM/MM Methods
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Considerations on Optimization as an Architectural Design Tool
Authors: Canestrino Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSome architects use design processes that conceive each architecture as a model to be optimized with tools borrowed from various disciplines. Therefore, modelling in architecture may assume the role of an interpretative tool for complex phenomena, capable of guiding a design towards its best possible configuration. Today, we can work with discrete data with extreme efficiency. Consequently, we can also create models in architectural design with a new approach that aims to contain and generate large amounts of information. It is precisely by analyzing that information, with various tools of applied mathematics and through the strength of correlation, that modelling may interpret complex phenomena. In both approaches, the search for optimization may shape the purpose of modelling in architectural design. This contribution addresses the evolution and role of optimization in architectural design with an interdisciplinary approach.
How to choose an abdominal imaging fellowship
Authors: Sun Derek C. , Lee Jean H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRadiologists in training draw from their early experiences in residency when choosing a fellowship. Once they have decided on an abdominal imaging fellowship, applicants must learn to navigate the interview process. During this challenging time, applicants explore the difference in clinical curricula and rotations, meet potential mentors and clinical faculty, consider potential academic interests and projects, and choose what location they would like to train for one year after residency. When in training, fellows undergo the challenge of finding employment while learning new skills and refining their abilities to become a well-rounded radiologist and clinician. This article summarizes key points potential applicants should consider when deciding on an abdominal imaging fellowship, how to prepare for the interview season, and how to plan their fellowship year before fellows take the next step to becoming attendings.
Bony callus stiffness indirectly evaluated by the axial load-share ratio in vivo as a guide to removing a monolateral external fixator safely
Authors: Liu Yanshi , Cai Feiyu , Liu Kai , Zhang Xingpeng , Li Hong , Fu Xuefei , Zhang Tao , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
As the monolateral external fixator is increasingly used in trauma-control and definitive management for high-energy long bone fractures, timing the fixator removal remains a challenge for surgeons. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the bony callus stiffness indirectly evaluated by the axial load-share ratio in vivo as a guide to removing a monolateral external fixator safely.

Methods
A total of 131 patients with tibial shaft fractures treated by the monolateral external fixator in our institution were collected from January 2013 to July 2019. In group I, the fixators were removed based on the clinical and radiological assessment only by the treating surgeon. As for group II, the axial load-share (LS) ratio test was accomplished by another medical team without the knowledge of the clinical results. The external fixator was removed when the mechanical test outcome (LS ratio < 10%) was consistent with the conclusion drawn from the clinical and radiological assessment (bone union achieved) by the treating surgeon.

Results
There was no statistical significance in demographic data between the two groups (P > 0.05). In group I, four patients suffered refracture (the refracture rate was 7.7%) after fixator removal and were successfully treated by an intramedullary nail. In group II, 71 patients underwent fixator removal after the first mechanical test, and another eight patients terminated the external fixation after the second test. None of the 79 patients in group II suffered refracture (the refracture rate was 0%). There was statistical significance in the refracture rate between the two groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The bony callus stiffness indirectly evaluated by the axial load-share ratio in vivo using the additional circular frame components is an effectively quantitative indicator to complement the clinical assessment of fracture healing in a monolateral external fixation treatment. Removal of the monolateral external fixator is safe when the axial load-share ratio dropped below 10%.
Perceived Barriers to the Use of Assisted Colonization for Climate Sensitive Species in the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Rivera Shannon N. , Fortini Lucas Berio , Plentovich Sheldon , Price Melissa R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConservation actions to safeguard climate change vulnerable species may not be utilized due to a variety of perceived barriers. Assisted colonization, the intentional movement and release of an organism outside its historical range, is one tool available for species predicted to lose habitat under future climate change scenarios, particularly for single island or single mountain range endemic species. Despite the existence of policies that allow for this action, to date, assisted colonization has rarely been utilized for species of conservation concern in the Hawaiian Islands. Given the potential for climate driven biodiversity loss, the Hawaiian Islands are a prime location for the consideration of adaptation strategies. We used first-person interviews with conservation decision makers, managers, and scientists who work with endangered species in the Hawaiian Islands to identify perceived barriers to the use of assisted colonization. We found that assisted colonization was often not considered or utilized due to a lack of expertize with translocations; ecological risk and uncertainty, economic constraints, concerns regarding policies and permitting, concerns with public perception, and institutional resistance. Therefore, conservation planners may benefit from decision tools that integrate risk and uncertainty into decision models, and compare potential outcomes among conservation actions under consideration, including assisted colonization. Within a decision framework that addresses concerns, all conservation actions for climate sensitive species, including assisted colonization, may be considered in a timely manner.
Testing the randomness of shares in color visual cryptography
Authors: Chmielewski Leszek J. , Nieniewski Mariusz , Orłowski Arkadiusz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe concept of black-and-white visual cryptography with two truly random shares, previously applied to color images, was improved by mixing the contents of the segments of each coding image and by randomly changing a specified number of black pixels into color ones. This was done in such a way that the changes of the contents of the decoded image were as small as possible. These modifications made the numbers of color pixels in the shares close to balanced, which potentially made it possible for the shares to be truly random. The true randomness was understood as that the data pass the suitably designed randomness tests. The randomness of the shares was tested with the NIST randomness tests. Part of the tests passed successfully, while some failed. The target of coding a color image in truly random shares was approached, but not yet reached. In visual cryptography, the decoding with the unarmed human eye is of primary importance, but besides this, simple numerical processing of the decoded image makes it possible to greatly improve the quality of the reconstructed image, so that it becomes close to that of the dithered original image.
Fire Behaviour of a Prestressed Thin-Walled Concrete V-Beam
Authors: Pedron Augusto , Tondini Nicola 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present work investigates the fire behaviour of a prestressed thin-walled concrete V-beam with variable cross section along its longitudinal axis. In particular, the results obtained from different modelling strategies implemented through analytical computations and Finite Element (FE) thermo-mechanical analyses conducted both with Euler–Bernoulli beam elements and with shell elements were compared. The models were able to properly allow for the prestressing force and its variation with temperature. The mode of failure was analysed both at ambient temperature and at elevated temperature by employing the ISO 834 standard heating curve as well as parametric fire curves so as to investigate the behaviour in the cooling phase. The outcomes showed that the beam model was not capable of accurately predicting the failure mode by largely overestimating the time of collapse. Indeed, the FE analysis with shell elements highlighted that beam behaviour assumptions with sections that remain plane were not satisfied as fire progressed. Furthermore, it also showed that the failure mode was not flexural in the longitudinal direction but due to the failure of the webs in transverse bending that interacted with longitudinal stresses. Finally, the analyses conducted by applying parametric fire curves highlighted possible failure in the cooling phase, which emphasises the need of careful analysis for these types of structural members.
Assessing income tax perturbations
Authors: Christiansen Vidar , Jia Zhiyang , Thoresen Thor O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a scheme for analysing income tax perturbations, applied to a real Norwegian tax reform during 2016–2018. The framework decomposes the reform into a structural reform part and a tax level effect. The former consists of a distributional impact and a social efficiency effect measured as the behavioural-induced change in tax revenue. Considering the overall welfare effect conditional on inequality aversion, we back out the pivotal value of the decision makers’ inequality aversion, according to which unfavourable redistributional effects exactly cancel out a social efficiency enhancement.
SIRM–SIC appropriateness criteria for the use of Cardiac Computed Tomography. Part 1: Congenital heart diseases, primary prevention, risk assessment before surgery, suspected CAD in symptomatic patients, plaque and epicardial adipose tissue characterization, and functional assessment of stenosis
Authors: Esposito Antonio , Francone Marco , Andreini Daniele , Buffa Vitaliano , Cademartiri Filippo , Carbone Iacopo , Clemente Alberto , Guaricci Andrea Igoren , Guglielmo Marco , Indolfi Ciro , La Grutta Ludovico , Ligabue Guido , Liguori Carlo , Mercuro Giuseppe , Mushtaq Saima , Neglia Danilo , Palmisano Anna , Sciagrà Roberto , Seitun Sara , Vignale Davide , Pontone Gianluca , Carrabba Nazario 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the past 20 years, Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) has become a pivotal technique for the noninvasive diagnostic work-up of coronary and cardiac diseases. Continuous technical and methodological improvements, combined with fast growing scientific evidence, have progressively expanded the clinical role of CCT. Recent large multicenter randomized clinical trials documented the high prognostic value of CCT and its capability to increase the cost-effectiveness of the management of patients with suspected CAD. In the meantime, CCT, initially perceived as a simple non-invasive technique for studying coronary anatomy, has transformed into a multiparametric “one-stop-shop” approach able to investigate the heart in a comprehensive way, including functional, structural and pathophysiological biomarkers. In this complex and revolutionary scenario, it is urgently needed to provide an updated guide for the appropriate use of CCT in different clinical settings. This manuscript, endorsed by the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM) and by the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC), represents the first of two consensus documents collecting the expert opinion of Radiologists and Cardiologists about current appropriate use of CCT.
Trust Amongst Refugees in Resettlement Settings: a Systematic Scoping Review and Thematic Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Essex Ryan , Kalocsányiová Erika , Rumyantseva Nataliya , Jameson Jill 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTrust is of particular relevance to refugee populations, given the adverse, often protracted and liminal nature of the refugee journey. What trust means, how it shapes and is shaped by this journey, is crucially important for this population group and it can vary substantially. The extent, range and nature of research activity in this area are limited; this article therefore reports on a systematic scoping review that explored trust amongst refugees and asylum seekers in resettlement settings. Studies were included if they were primary research and explored trust amongst refugees and asylum seekers in a resettlement context and excluded if trust was not a major focus of the study (i.e. a number of studies were excluded that explored related concepts, such as social capital), if the study did not identify participants as refugees or asylum seekers or the study examined trust in a transitory setting. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 studies remained, which were reviewed and analysed. Sixteen studies used qualitative methods, six used quantitative methods and one used mixed methods. Trust was presented as fundamentally relational, taking shape between and within refugees, asylum seekers and others. Trust was also presented as temporal and contextual, across refugee journeys, hardships experienced and resettlement. A major theme was the fundamental need in resettlement for a restoration of lost or damaged trust.
A Regretful Journey Home: Albanian Return Migration in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis of 2008
Authors: Cena Elida , Heim Derek 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite occurring almost a decade ago, the effects of the 2008 global financial crisis continue to influence the lives of many people today. Intra-European migration literature, for example, suggests that migration patterns were reshaped in its aftermath and emerging literature details mobilities and experiences of migrants in destination societies post-crisis. To date, less research documents the experiences of individuals who, in the wake of the crisis, were forced to abandon their migratory endeavours and had to navigate returning to their country of origin in a particularly challenging socio-economic context. Utilising in-depth interviews and family case studies with purposively recruited Albanian return migrants who had lived in Greece and Italy pre-crisis, the current study highlights how conditions in both destination and origin countries impacted return experiences. Findings illustrate an adverse interplay of circumstances that led to the unsettled return and portray a perturbing fluidity in the lives of return migrants who appear overcome by a sense of ‘double failure’ with regard to both outward migration and subsequent return to their country of origin.
Age, frequency of volunteering, and Present-Hedonistic time perspective predict donating items to people in need, but not money to combat COVID-19 during lock-down
Authors: Nowakowska Iwona 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRestrictions due to COVID-19 necessitated staying at home, but in some cases, encouraged charitable behavior, e.g., donating items to people in need (e.g., clothes, food), or money to support combatting COVID-19. Drawing on the previous findings regarding helping during disastrous situations and roles of time perspective in helping behaviors, the study tested the predictive value of age, gender, previous volunteering, altruistic social value orientation, and time perspectives of donating items to people in need or money to combat COVID-19. The study is pioneering in terms of including time perspectives as individual differences which might contribute to making donations during COVID-19 circumstances. The study was questionnaire-based and conducted online in the eighth week of social distancing in Poland. 150 young adults (age 18–35) took part in the study. Results of multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that age, frequency of volunteering before the epidemic, and Present-Hedonistic time perspective predict donating items to people in need, but none of the tested variables predicted donating money to combat COVID-19. The findings suggest that charitable behavior, especially in the context of extraordinary social situations, needs to be treated as a multifaceted phenomenon. The study indicates that a Present-Hedonistic time perspective would be a promising individual difference to test in future studies on prosociality.