bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degenerative Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint in Elderly Patients with Posterior Edentulous Maxilla and Mandibula According to Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Data.
Authors: Khabadze Zurab , Mordanov Oleg , Davreshyan Georgiy , Balashova Mariya , Prokopenko Alexander , Gracheva Anastasiya , Abazyan Milena , Guzieva Aminat , Kisieva Dzerassa , Babirova Roza 
Published: May 2021

Aim:
This study aimed at assessing the degenerative changes in the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)in elderly patients with posterior edentulous maxilla and mandibula according to Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) data.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 32 patients (64 temporomandibular joints) aged from 50 to 81 years (mean age 62 ± 7.9 years; 16 males and 16 females). TMJs were visualized on reconstructed parasagittal, paracoronal, and axial sections of the joint. The following changes in bone tissue were evaluated: condyle flattening, erosion, sclerosis, subchondral cysts, osteophytes. Joint space was evaluated as well.

Results and Discussion:
100% of patients had at least one sign of degenerative changes in TMJ at least on one side. In 19 patients, degenerative symptoms were found only on one side. The most common sign was subchondral cysts. It was noted that the number of degenerative symptoms in male patients was statistically more than in the female group. On the right side, the anterior, superior, and posterior joint spaces had the following values: 2.35 mm, 2.95 mm, and 4.84 mm, respectively. On the left side, the anterior, superior, and posterior joint spaces had the following values: 2.14 mm, 2.3 mm, and 4.1 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:
Both edentulousness and aging affect the bone structure of TMJ in both genders.
A EUROPA, AS MIGRAC?O?ES E O COSMOPOLITISMO
Authors: Sacramento Octávio 
Published: May 2021

Resumo
O ana?lise aqui delineado discute as posturas das fronteiras europeias em relac?a?o aos desafios colocados pelos fluxos migrato?rios externos. E? dada especial atenc?a?o a? forma como a Europa, atrave?s do Acordo de Schengen, estabelece uma combinac?a?o estrate?gica entre a livre circulac?a?o de certas categorias de pessoas e o bloqueio de muitas outras mobilidades “indesejados”. Ao mesmo tempo, sa?o considerados resumidamente as poli?ticas de identidade subjacentes a seletividade do espac?o Schengen e seu impacto sobre um projecto europeu po?s-nacional e cosmopolita.
Palavras-chave: Europa, Migrac?a?o externa, Fronteiras e limites, Seletividade, Cosmopolitismo.
Resumen
En el ana?lisis esbozado aqui? se analizan las actitudes en las fronteras europeas en relacio?n con los retos que plantea la migracio?n externa. Se presta especial atencio?n a la forma en Europa a trave?s del Acuerdo de Schengen, establece una combinacio?n estrate?gica de la libre circulacio?n de ciertas categori?as de personas y el bloqueo de muchas otras movilidades “no deseadas”. Al mismo tiempo, se consideran brevemente la poli?tica de la identidad subyacente en la selectividad de la zona Schengen y su impacto en un proyecto europeo post-nacional y cosmopolita.
Palabras clave: Europa, La migracio?n externa, Fronteras y li?mites, La selectividad, Cosmopolitismo.
Abstract
The analysis outlined in this paper discusses the attitudes of the European borders in relation to the challenges posed by external migration flows. Special attention is given to the way Europe, through the Schengen Agreement, establishes a strategic combination between the free movement of certain categories of people and the blocking of many other “unwanted” mobilities. At the same time, the paper briefly considers the identity policies underlying the selectivity of the Schengen area and their impact on a post-national and cosmopolitan European project.
Keywords: Europe, External migration, Borders and boundaries, Selectivity, Cosmopolitanism.
INSUFICIENCIA DE PLURALISMO EXTERNO EN ME?XICO
Authors: Alcalá Casillas M.D.I. Miryam Georgina 
Published: May 2021

Las libertades de informacio?n son fundamentales para garantizar el derecho personal y social a estar informado y a disfrutar en igualdad de oportunidades del acceso a diversas fuentes de informacio?n. Estas libertades posibilitan al ciudadano para disponer de materia prima para crearse propias opiniones e iniciar el proceso de debate. De estas libertades emana el derecho y la obligacio?n de informar tanto de los profesionales de la informacio?n como de los medios de comunicacio?n; los cuales, en un estado democra?tico deben ser suficientes y estar disponibles y accesibles, puesto que son determinantes en el proceso de formacio?n de la opinio?n pu?blica, por tener la posibilidad de realzar, inhibir, crear o diluir demandas sociales y favorecer o afectar la democracia.
Palabras clave: Libertades informativas, Medios de comunicacio?n, Responsabilidad comunicativa, Opinio?n pu?blica, Autorregulacio?n y Autocontrol informativo.
Abstract
Freedom of information is essential to guarantee the right of people to be informed and to have equal access to various sources of information. Such freedom enables the citizen to have raw materials at hand to create his own opinions and start the debate process. From this freedom emanates the right and duty to inform both of the professionals of information and of the media; which, in a democratic state, should be available and accessible, since they are crucial to the process of formation of public opinion, to have the possibility to enhance, inhibit, create, and dissolve social demands, and to foster or affect democracy.
Keywords: Freedom of information, Media, Communication responsibility, Public opinion, Self-regulation of information.
Resumo
A liberdade de informac?a?o e? essencial para garantir o direito pessoal e social de ser informado e gozar de igualdade de oportunidade de acesso a va?rias fontes de informac?a?o. Estas liberdades possibilitam aos cidada?os a disponibilidade de mate?ria-prima para criar suas pro?prias opinio?es e iniciar o processo do debate. Destas liberdades emana o direito e a obrigac?a?o de informar tanto por parte dos profissionais da informac?a?o como dos meios de comunicac?a?o; que, em um Estado democra?tico, devem ser suficientes e estar disponi?veis e acessi?veis, uma vez que sa?o cruciais no processo de formac?a?o da opinia?o pu?blica, para ter a capacidade de melhorar, inibir, criar ou diluir as demandas sociais e promover ou afetar a democracia.
Palavras-chave: Liberdade de informac?a?o, Mi?dia, Responsabilidade comunicac?a?o, Opinia?o pu?blica, A auto-regulac?a?o e de Auto informac?a?o.
UNA REFLEXIO?N TEO?RICO-PRA?CTICA SOBRE LA EDUCACIO?N HOY
Authors: Fernández Poncela Anna María 
Published: May 2021

El texto presenta una reflexio?n general sobre la educacio?n hoy. Revisa algunas tendencias educativas contempora?neas. Analiza algunos testimonios de estudiantes desde la perspectiva de la inteligencia emocional a trave?s de ejercicios cualitativos. Finalmente, la juventud no parece estar tan domesticada como se piensa. No obstante, la educacio?n todavi?a requiere ampliar sus perspectivas complementando razo?n y emocio?n desde un enfoque de equilibrio global.
Palabras clave: Educacio?n, Reflexio?n, Emocio?n, Inteligencia emocional.
Abstract
This text presents a general reflection on today’s education. It examines some contemporary educational trends. From the perspective of emotional intelligence, it analyzes some statements from students through qualitative exercises. Finally, youth does not seem as tamed as one may think. Nonetheless, education still needs to expand its perspectives, complementing reason and emotion, and focusing on a global balance.
Keywords: Education, Reflection, Emotion, Emotional intelligence.
Resumo
O texto apresenta uma reflexa?o geral sobre a educac?a?o hoje. Ele revisa algumas tende?ncias educacionais contempora?neas. Ainda analisa alguns testemunhos de estudantes a partir da perspectiva da intelige?ncia emocional atrave?s de exerci?cios qualitativos. Finalmente, a juventude na?o parece ta?o inofensiva quanto se pensa. No entanto, a educac?a?o ainda precisa ampliar suas perspectivas complementando a raza?o e a emoc?a?o a partir da perspectiva um equili?brio geral.
Palavras-chave: Educac?a?o, Reflexa?o, Emoc?a?o, Intelige?ncia emocional.
TRES FORMAS DE LIBERTAD: HAYEK, BERLI?N Y RAWLS
Authors: De Gomez Perez-Aradros Carlos Gil 
Published: May 2021

Arti?culo de reflexio?n. La libertad –su ejercicio y su titularidad– ha sido un tema recurrente en el pensamiento a lo largo de la Historia. No obstante, cada autor que se ha acercado a ella la ha interpretado de un modo distinto; incluso dentro de la misma escuela de pensamiento. Asi? las cosas, este estudio pretende contraponer y enfrentar la diferente visio?n que de la libertad han tenido tres de los intelectuales ma?s influyentes del siglo XX: F. Hayek, Isaiah Berlin y J. Rawls. Esta contraposicio?n doctrinal permitira? concluir que la libertad liberal bascula entre la autoderminacio?n y el reconocimiento. A trave?s de los principales tex- tos originales de los tres autores mencionados y de otros y utilizando una metodologi?a anali?tica-comparativa, se logran perfilar los distintos contornos de la libertad liberal y sus vi?nculos con la autodeterminacio?n y el reconocimiento debido.
Palabras clave: Libertad, E?tica, Coaccio?n, Racionalismo.
Abstract
Freedom – its exercise and its ownership- has been a recurring theme throughout the history of thought. Nonetheless, each author who has approached it has interpreted it in a different way, even within the same school of thought. Thus, this study aims at comparing and contrasting the different visions of freedom of three of the most influential intellectuals of the twentieth century: F. Hayek, Isaiah Berlin, and J. Rawls. This comparison of doctrines will lead to the conclusion that liberal freedom shifts between self-determination and recognition. Through the major texts of the three authors and others, and using an analytical-comparative methodology, the article manages to outline the different shapes of liberal freedom and its links with self-determination and recognition.
Keywords: Freedom, Ethics, Coercion, Rationalism.
Resumo
A Liberdade -seu exerci?cio e posse- tem sido um tema recorrente no pensamento ao longo da histo?ria. Entretanto, cada autor se aproximou a ela com uma interpretac?a?o a sua maneira diferente, inclusive dentro da mesma escola de pensamento. Assim, este estudo tem o objetivo de oporse e confrontar as diferentes viso?es que a liberdade teve a partir de tre?s dos intelectuais mais influentes do se?culo XX: F. Hayek, Isaiah Berlin e J. Rawls. Esta oposic?a?o doutrinal permite concluir que as liberdades liberais oscilam entre a autoderminac?a?o e o reconhecimento. Atrave?s dos principais textos originais destes tre?s autores entre outros, e usando uma metodologia de ana?lise comparativa se consegue um esboc?o dos diferentes contornos da liberdade liberal e de suas ligac?o?es com a autodeterminac?a?o e o devido reconhecimento.
Palavras-chave: Liberdade, E?tica, Coerc?a?o, o Racionalismo.
Traditional Uses, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Ficus auriculata: A Review
Authors: Tamta Garima , Mehra Nisha , Tandon S. 
Published: May 2021

Ficus auriculata belongs to family Moraceae. It is also known as Elephant earfig tree because of its large leaves. In India it is commonly known as Timla, Gular , Tirmal, Timal, Timbal, Tremal, Trimmal.. The plants are mainly distributed in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions of about 1800–2600 m altitude. It is native to Asia, especially in India, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia.The plants have great ethnomedicinal importance and are used in traditional folk medicine for curing many ailments in humans. The plants rich in Phytoconstituent e.g. alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, phytosterols, resins, phenols, tannins, diterpenes, flavonoids, proteins, and amino acids which are present in barks, leaves and fruit extract. The review reveals that huge numbers of phytochemicals which was isolated from the plant possesses the biological and pharmacological properties are shown by the bark, leaves and fruits extract of Ficus auriculata i.e antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, histopathological studies, toxicity activity, anticancerous, antidiabatic, hyperlipidemic, hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory. Leaf extract has also an important role in Glutathione level in cardiac and also used as fodder for farming system, for medicinal properties and for further commercial purpose.
Keywords: Ficus auriculata, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activity, Herbal Medicine
Mindsets as an Enhancement of 21st Century Accounting Education
Authors: Mintchik Natalia , Ramamoorti Sridhar , Gramling Audrey A. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
To provide optimal learning and career outcomes for accounting graduates, we propose complementing competency-based frameworks of accounting education with the cultivation of relevant mindsets. Building on insights from research in cognitive psychology, organizational leadership, and education, we define a mindset as a combination of cognitive filters and processes through which professionals interpret their professional environments and execute their professional responsibilities. We review the professional and academic literature and identify five key mindsets relevant for accounting graduates. Given the overarching obligation of accountants to protect the public trust, we treat the “public interest mindset” (focus on “we” versus “I,” integrity, and professionalism) as foundational in the accounting profession. The four other key mindsets include (1) growth, (2) professional skepticism, (3) analytical/digital, and (4) global. We provide definitions of these mindsets, discuss their relevance for accounting, and suggest potential pedagogical approaches for their integration into 21st century accounting education.
A Habit Strength-Based Explanation for Auditors' Use of Simple Cognitive Processes for Complex Tasks
Authors: Bonner Sarah E. , Kadous Kathryn , Majors Tracie M. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We experimentally examine whether audit seniors' use of simple cognitive processes for a complex task is affected by the strength of habits that they developed as staff. A habit is a mental association between a behavior and a specific context. We propose that, for seniors with stronger habits to use simple processes, the typical audit room context automatically activates those processes, making it harder to select the processes that are more effective for a complex task. As predicted, we find that seniors with stronger habits identify fewer issues with a complex estimate than seniors with weaker habits when in the typical context. Seniors with stronger habits perform better in an alternative context that does not activate the simple processes, while those with weaker habits do not. Additional analyses validate that habit strength underlies our results and explore how the audit setting influences the development and enactment of habitual behaviors.
JEL Classifications: G10; M40; M41; M42; D80; D91.
Currículo e Saberes:
Authors: Costa Elenilda Moreira de Sá 
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho traz a temática sobre o currículo e suas implicações no contexto escolar e nas múltiplas leituras de mundo, tendo como a questão central a influência do currículo na construção de saberes. Esta pesquisa pretende contribuir para o estudo sobre uma educação que seja emancipatória, bem como, para ressignificar as práticas educativas em prol da autonomia dos sujeitos curriculantes. A fundamentação teórica foi embasada em Freire (2010), Gadotti (2010), Candau (2009) e Fleuri (2002). Optou-se pela abordagem metodológica qualitativa, com estudo descritivo. A metodologia do trabalho baseia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e relato de experiência da transformação de um lixão em um espaço de convivência na Escola Municipal Sociedade Fraternal em Salvador-Ba, no ano de 2018. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica e empírica. O estudo evidenciou que é possível construir um currículo vivo e contextualizado a práticas pedagógicas vivenciadas e experienciadas no cotidiano escolar.
O sistema de precedentes no CPC/2015
Authors: Gomes Aline Vicenzi , Galio Morgana Henicka 
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo tem por finalidade apresentar, a partir do Código de Processo Civil de 2015, um estudo sobre o sistema de precedentes e jurisprudência brasileira, a fim de responder o seguinte questionamento: a utilização do sistema de precedentes previsto no CPC/2015 contribui para uniformização da jurisprudência? Para a elaboração do presente artigo usou-se o método de abordagem dedutivo, sendo aplicada a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, e ainda, um estudo de caso relevante para a questão. Desta forma, foi analisada a necessidade da uniformidade, estabilidade e integridade das decisões judiciais e se há a aplicação na prática dos deveres de estabilidade, integridade e coerência no Poder Judiciário. Demonstrou-se que ainda com o sistema legal vigente, é possível encontrar em nosso ordenamento jurídico decisões dispares, sem a observância dos princípios de igualdade, legalidade e segurança jurídica, deixando o cidadão incrédulo e com falsa sensação de injustiça em nosso Sistema judiciário. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que é necessária a aplicação da teoria de precedentes para a uniformização da jurisprudência, para que os brasileiros possam dispor dos benefícios de previsibilidade, igualdade e efetividade nas decisões judicias.
A 4-DOF SCARA Robotic Arm for Various Farm Applications: Designing, Kinematic Modelling, and Parameterization
Authors: Roshanianfard Ali , Mengmeng Du , Nematzadeh Samira 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The agriculture industry has faced various challenges nowadays. This research is the first part of a project that presents the designing process, kinematic modelling, and parameterization of a 4-DOF SCARA-type robotic arm specifically designed for work in an agricultural field in terms of seeding, watering, fertilizing, weeding, harvesting, and transporting. The designing of parameters, such as optimum degrees of freedom and component configuration, was done. The kinematic model was calculated using the Denavit-Hartenberg method. The structure of robot was developed for inertia reduction, smooth motion, and torque minimization. The results show that the working space, maximum front access, and side access of developed robotic arm were 11.4 m2, 2.9 m, and 2.4 m, respectively. The results indicate that the robot has sufficient surface coverage for defined farm work.
Spray Coverage and Biological Efficacy of Single, Twin Symmetrical, and Twin Asymmetrical Flat Fan Nozzles
Authors: Aliverdi Akbar , Borghei Masoud 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Proper selection of nozzle type and spray volume is essential to optimize herbicide dose, reducing its adverse environmental effects. It has not been sufficiently evaluated which nozzle type (twin symmetrical flat fan nozzle or the twin asymmetrical one) is more efficient and whether pinoxaden application is more efficient at a low or high spray volume. The spray coverage of a single, twin symmetrical, and twin asymmetrical flat fan nozzles, each in the sizes of 110015, 11002, 110025, 11003, 11004, and 11005 on the moisture-sensitive papers (MSPs) was investigated. The biological efficacy of treatments using pinoxaden against wild oat was investigated. Unlike other nozzle types, the single flat fan nozzle could not cover MSP placed vertically behind the nozzle trajectory. Except for the latter, each nozzle type could cover the MSPs more efficiently with increase in nozzle size. Generally, the nozzles’ performance was twin symmetrical > single = twin asymmetrical flat fan nozzles. A larger nozzle size improved the coverage of MSPs but increased the effective dose (ED50; dose that gives a 50% reduction in dry weight), indicating a decrease in the efficacy of pinoxaden. Among all treatments, the lowest ED50 value was obtained by the twin symmetrical flat fan nozzle 110015 (5.2 g a.i. ha−1). The smaller, more concentrated droplets are required to achieve optimal pinoxaden efficacy against wild oat, which can be provided by a twin symmetrical flat fan nozzle with a smaller size.
Evidence From the Scientific Assessment of Electronic Cigarettes and Their Role in Tobacco Harm Reduction
Authors: Camacho Oscar M. , Ebajemito James K. , Coburn Steven , Prasad Krishna , Costigan Sandra , Murphy James J. 
Published: May 2021

Summary
While smoking remains a main global cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, a potential inflection point has arrived where it could become possible for non-combustible nicotine products to displace cigarettes and reduce risk for smokers who transition completely from smoking. These have proven consumer satisfaction and are now widely and increasingly available globally. One of the most prominent of these nicotine products are electronic cigarettes (ECs), which are used daily by millions of current and former smokers. The category is not without controversy as these products are not risk free and can cause nicotine dependence. The differing interpretation of science assessing ECs has transpired into inconsistent regulation and product standards, providing an environment for its fragmented manufacturing base which allows for variable product quality and in turn, product quality variability has impacted on how they are viewed. In this review, we assess published scientific evidence to evaluate whether, on balance, ECs fulfil a tobacco harm reduction role by reducing health risks relative to smoking and providing a viable alternative for smokers while having limited appeal to non-smokers.