bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of an additional density peak in the bottom side of the sodium layer associated with the passage of multiple mesospheric frontal systems
Authors: Narayanan Viswanathan Lakshmi , Nozawa Satonori , Oyama Shin-Ichiro , Mann Ingrid , Shiokawa Kazuo , Otsuka Yuichi , Saito Norihito , Wada Satoshi , Kawahara Takuya D. , Takahashi Toru 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We present a detailed investigation of the formation of an additional sodium density peak at altitudes of 79–85 km below the main peak of the sodium layer based on sodium lidar and airglow imager measurements made at Ramfjordmoen near Tromsø, Norway, on the night of 19 December 2014. The airglow imager observations of OH emissions revealed four passing frontal systems that resembled mesospheric bores, which typically occur in ducting regions of the upper mesosphere. For about 1.5 h, the lower-altitude sodium peak had densities similar to that of the main peak of the layer around 90 km. The lower-altitude sodium peak weakened and disappeared soon after the fourth front had passed. The fourth front had weakened in intensity by the time it approached the region of lidar beams and disappeared soon afterwards. The column-integrated sodium densities increased gradually during the formation of the lower-altitude sodium peak. Temperatures measured with the lidar indicate that there was a strong thermal duct structure between 87 and 93 km. Furthermore, the temperature was enhanced below 85 km. Horizontal wind magnitudes estimated from the lidar showed strong wind shears above 93 km. We conclude that the combination of an enhanced stability region due to the temperature profile and intense wind shears have provided ideal conditions for evolution of multiple mesospheric bores revealed as frontal systems in the OH images. The downward motion associated with the fronts appeared to have brought air rich in H and O from higher altitudes into the region below 85 km, wherein the temperature was also higher. Both factors would have liberated sodium atoms from the reservoir species and suppressed the reconversion of atomic sodium into reservoir species so that the lower-altitude sodium peak could form and the column abundance could increase. The presented observations also reveal the importance of mesospheric frontal systems in bringing about significant variation of minor species over shorter temporal intervals.
Impacts of cloud microphysics parameterizations on simulated aerosol–cloud interactions for deep convective clouds over Houston
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Fan Jiwen , Li Zhanqing , Rosenfeld Daniel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Aerosol–cloud interactions remain largely uncertain with respect to predicting their
impacts on weather and climate. Cloud microphysics parameterization is one
of the factors leading to large uncertainty. Here, we investigate the impacts
of anthropogenic aerosols on the convective intensity and precipitation of a
thunderstorm occurring on 19 June 2013 over Houston with the Chemistry
version of Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF-Chem) using the Morrison
two-moment bulk scheme and spectral bin microphysics (SBM) scheme. We find
that the SBM predicts a deep convective cloud that shows better agreement with
observations in terms of reflectivity and precipitation compared with the
Morrison bulk scheme that has been used in many weather and climate models.
With the SBM scheme, we see a significant invigoration effect on convective
intensity and precipitation by anthropogenic aerosols, mainly through
enhanced condensation latent heating. Such an effect is absent with
the Morrison two-moment bulk microphysics, mainly because the saturation
adjustment approach for droplet condensation and evaporation calculation
limits the enhancement by aerosols in (1) condensation latent heat by
removing the dependence of condensation on droplets and aerosols and (2) ice-related processes because the approach leads to stronger warm rain and
weaker ice processes than the explicit supersaturation approach.
On the role of domain aspect ratio in the westward intensification of wind-driven surface ocean circulation
Authors: Gianchandani Kaushal , Gildor Hezi , Paldor Nathan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The two seminal studies on westward intensification, carried out by
Stommel and Munk over 70 years ago, are revisited to elucidate the
role of the domain aspect ratio (i.e., meridional to zonal extents of
the basin) in determining the transport of the western boundary
current (WBC). We examine the general mathematical properties of the
two models by transforming them to differential problems that
contain only two parameters – the domain aspect ratio and the
non-dimensional damping (viscous) coefficient. Explicit analytical
expressions are obtained from solutions of the non-dimensional
vorticity equations and verified by long-term numerical simulations
of the corresponding time-dependent equations. The analytical
expressions as well as the simulations imply that in Stommel's
model both the domain aspect ratio and the damping parameter
contribute to the non-dimensional transport of the WBC. However, the
transport increases as a cubic power of the aspect ratio and
decreases linearly with the damping coefficient. On the other hand,
in Munk's model the WBC's transport increases linearly with the
domain aspect ratio, while the damping coefficient plays a minor
role only. This finding is employed to explain the weak WBC in the
South Pacific. The decrease in transport of the WBC for small-domain
aspect ratio results from the decrease in Sverdrup transport in the
basin's interior because the meridional shear of the zonal velocity
cannot be neglected as an additional vorticity term.
Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk Studi Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Vegetasi dan Non-Vegetasi di Desa Benhes
Authors: Dwi Agung Pramono  
Published: February 2021

Peneltian ini mengkaji tentang perubahan tutupan lahan berupa vegetasi dan non-vegetasi di Desa Benhes, Kecamatan Muara Wahau, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur pada rentang waktu Tahun 2011 hingga tahun 2017. Pemanfaatan ilmu Sistem Informasi Geografis dalam studi ini dapat mempermudah proses monitoring secara spasial perubahan tutupan lahan vegetasi dan non-vegetasi dalam waktu yang singkat dengan memanfaatkan data-data dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. Parameter perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi digambarkan dalam informasi yang disajikan dalam atribut atau data non spasial yang diperoleh dari hasil indentifikasi dan kompilasi data di desa Benhes, Kecamatan Muara Wahau, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Berdasarkan hasil analisis spasial yang dilakukan, terdapat 7 klasifikasi tutupan lahan di desa tersebut. Perubahan yang terjadi dipengaruhi oleh sebagian besar budaya masyarakat sekitar dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup serta pengaruh dari berdirinya perusahaan kelapa sawit dan perusahaan yang memiliki Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu (IUPHHK) di sekitar desa.
Colonialidade de gênero e poder: da pós-colonialidade à decolonialidade
Authors: Mendoza Breny , Gusso dos Santos Aléxia Milena 
Published: February 2021

Teorias anticoloniais analisam complexas relações de poder entre o colonizador e o colonizado para promover o projeto político da decolonização. Este artigo situa teorias feministas anticoloniais em relação a duas escolas de pensamento anticolonial, a teoria pós-colonial e a teoria decolonial, particularmente a vertente da teoria decolonial desenvolvida pela escola de pensamento Modernidade/Colonialidade da América Latina. Ele compara os principais argumentos teóricos e projetos políticos associados à interseccionalidade, ao feminismo pós-colonial e ao feminismo decolonial que María Lugones fez progredir com seu conceito de colonialidade de gênero. O texto explora ainda a recepção do trabalho de Lugones na América Latina e as percepções críticas que a teoria decolonial oferece aos projetos de justiça social contemporâneos.
Early Age Strength Healing Effect of Cementitious Composite Incorporated Self-Healing Microcapsule
Authors: WANG Xingang , WANG Xingjing , XIE Yuhao , XU Wei 
Published: February 2021

Received 27 February 2019; accepted 02 September 2019
This paper aims to explore early age strength healing effect of cementitious composite incorporated self-healing microcapsule and curing activity of self-healing microcapsule. Particle characteristic of the microcapsule and micromorphology of cement paste incorporated the microcapsule were characterized by SEM. Curing activity of the microcapsule was analyzed by macroscopic solidification test, DSC and TGA. The influence factors of early age strength healing ratio in cementitious composite incorporated self-healing microcapsule were studied. The results showed that epoxy resin microcapsule had favorable micromorphology. Epoxy resin microcapsule core material had good curing activity and possessed the ability to play the healing role in cementitious composite. Healing temperature and healing age had less impact on the healing effect of the microcapsule in cementitious composite. The microcapsule could be kept good shape in cement paste and combined with cement paste closely. The microcapsule also could rupture and had better dispersion in cement paste. The main fracture behavior of the microcapsule was based on small hole ruptured when cement paste did not occur macro damage. When pre-loading was 0.75 σmax, the particle size of microcapsules was range from 75 μm to 150 μm, proportion of epoxy curing agent was 20 % and proportion of the microcapsule was 6 %, early age strength healing ratio reached the highest of 24.1 %.
Adição de calcário no processo de compostagem da mistura de capim-elefante com torta de mamona modifica as propriedades do composto
Authors: Brandão Aldeane Sousa , Gonçalves Rafael Gomes da Mota , Castro Tadeu Augusto van Tol de , Silva Dione Galvão da , Berbara Ricardo Luís Louro , Leal Marco Antônio de Almeida 
Published: February 2021

Apesar de conhecida a importância de produtos alcalinos na degradação de fibras, pouco se conhece sobre os efeitos do calcário durante o processo de compostagem. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adição de diferentes doses de calcário sobre o pH, condutividade elétrica (CE), densidade em base seca, emissões de CO2 e de NH3, teor de N, conteúdos proporcionais (%) de massa e volume e conteúdo (%) de N em relação aos valores iniciais durante a compostagem da mistura de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) e torta de mamona (Ricinus communis L.), além da avaliação dos teores de Ca, Mg, P e K ao final do período de incubação . Para tal, foi realizado um experimento em que foram adicionadas diferentes doses de calcário (0; 0,05; 0,5 e 5%, com base na massa do composto), em compostos incubados durante 90 dias. O composto foi elaborado com 67,5% de capim elefante e 32,5% de torta de mamona (massa seca). O pH dos compostos foi elevado pela adição de calcário, sendo este feito mais evidente aos 90 dias de incubação, onde na maior dosagem foram observados maiores valores de pH. Não foram observadas diferenças nos teores e nas perdas proporcionais de nitrogênio, da massa e do volume inicial dos compostos avaliados ao final do período de incubação. Os teores de cálcio e magnésio foram superiores nos tratamentos em que houve adição de calcário ao final da compostagem, no entanto, os teores de fósforo e potássio não demonstraram diferenças entre os tratamentos. A adição de calcário no processo de compostagem da mistura utilizada desencadeou alterações nas propriedades do composto, sendo os efeitos expressos em maior intensidade pelo tratamento com a maior dose de calcário.
Regulation of MRE11A by UBQLN4 leads to cisplatin resistance in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Murakami Tomohiro , Shoji Yoshiaki , Nishi Tomohiko , Chang Shu‐Ching , Jachimowicz Ron D. , Hoshimoto Sojun , Ono Shigeshi , Shiloh Yosef , Takeuchi Hiroya , Kitagawa Yuko , Hoon Dave S. B. , Bustos Matias A. 
Published: February 2021

Resistance to standard cisplatin‐based chemotherapies leads to worse survival outcomes for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the aberrant mechanisms driving resistance in ESCC tumors. We hypothesized that ubiquilin‐4 (UBQLN4), a protein that targets ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome, regulates the expression of Meiotic Recombination 11 Homolog A (MRE11A), a critical component of the MRN complex and DNA damage repair pathways. Initially, immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted in specimens from patients with ESCC (n = 120). In endoscopic core ESCC biopsies taken from 61 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (5‐fluorouracil and cisplatin), low MRE11A and high UBQLN4 protein levels were associated with reduced pathological response to NAC (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariable analysis of surgically resected ESCC tissues from 59 patients revealed low MRE11A and high UBLQN4 expression as independent factors that can predict shorter overall survival [P = 0.01, hazard ratio (HR) = 5.11, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45–18.03; P = 0.02, HR = 3.74, 95% CI, 1.19–11.76, respectively]. Suppression of MRE11A expression was associated with cisplatin resistance in ESCC cell lines. Additionally, MRE11A was found to be ubiquitinated after cisplatin treatment. We observed an amplification of UBQLN4 gene copy numbers and an increase in UBQLN4 protein levels in ESCC tissues. Binding of UBQLN4 to ubiquitinated‐MRE11A increased MRE11A degradation, thereby regulating MRE11A protein levels following DNA damage and promoting cisplatin resistance. In summary, MRE11A and UBQLN4 protein levels can serve as predictors for NAC response and as prognostic markers in ESCC patients.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Decarbonylative Coupling of Aryl Selenol Esters
Authors: Bai Jin‐Hua , Qi Xiu‐Juan , Sun Wei , Yu Tian‐Yang , Xu Peng‐Fei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis report describes a method for Ni‐catalyzed intramolecular decarbonylative coupling, which enables the conversion of areneselenol esters to diaryl selenides. The inexpensive and readily available catalyst can be employed under mild reaction conditions for the construction of structurally diverse diaryl selenides, including heterocyclic and natural product derivatives.magnified image
Towards Photoswitchable Contrast Agents for Absolute 3D Temperature MR Imaging
Authors: Wellm Vanessa , Groebner Jens , Heitmann Gernot , Sönnichsen Frank D. , Herges Rainer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTemperature can be used as clinical marker for tissue metabolism and the detection of inflammations or tumors. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for monitoring physiological parameters like the temperature noninvasively is steadily increasing. In this study, we present a proof‐of‐principle study of MRI contrast agents (CA) for absolute and concentration independent temperature imaging. These CAs are based on azoimidazole substituted NiII porphyrins, which can undergo Light‐Driven Coordination‐Induced Spin State Switching (LD‐CISSS) in solution. Monitoring the fast first order kinetic of back isomerisation (cis to trans) with standard clinical MR imaging sequences allows the determination of half‐lives, that can be directly translated into absolute temperatures. Different temperature responsive CAs were successfully tested as prototypes in methanol‐based gels and created temperature maps of gradient phantoms with high spatial resolution (0.13×0.13×1.1 mm) and low temperature errors (<0.22 °C). The method is sufficiently fast to record the temperature flow from a heat source as a film.
S‐Carboxyanhydrides: Ultrafast and Selective Ring‐Opening Polymerizations Towards Well‐defined Functionalized Polythioesters
Authors: Wang Yanchao , Li Maosheng , Wang Shixue , Tao Youhua , Wang Xianhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAliphatic polythioesters are popular polymers because of their appealing performance such as metal coordination ability, high refractive indices, and biodegradability. One of the most powerful approaches for generating these polymers is the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic monomers. However, the synthesis of precisely controlled polythioesters via ROP of thiolactones still faces formidable challenges, including the minimal functional diversity of available thiolactone monomers, as well as inevitable transthioesterification side reactions. Here we introduce a hyperactive class of S‐carboxyanhydride (SCA) monomers derived from amino acids that are significantly more reactive than thiolactones for ultrafast and selective ROP. Inclusion of the initiator PPNOBz ([PPN]=bis(triphenylphosphine)‐iminium) with chain transfer agent benzoic acid, the polymerizations that can be operated in open vessels reach complete conversion within minutes (1–2 min) at room temperature, yielding polythioesters with predictable molecular weight, low dispersities, retained stereoregularity and chemical recyclability. Most fascinating are the functionalized SCAs that allow the incorporating of functional groups along the polythioester chain and thus finely tune their physicochemical performance. Computational studies were carried out to explore the origins of the distinctive rapidity and exquisite selectivity of the polymerizations, offering mechanistic insight and explaining why high polymerizability of SCA monomer is able to facilitate exquisitely selective ring‐opening for enchainment over competing transthioesterification and backbiting reactions.
An Integrated Design of a Polypseudorotaxane‐Based Sea Cucumber Mimic
Authors: Li Longyu , Lin Qianming , Tang Miao , Tsai Esther H. R. , Ke Chenfeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe development of integrated systems that mimic the multi‐stage stiffness change of marine animals such as the sea cucumber requires the design of molecularly tailored structures. Herein, we used an integrated biomimicry design to fabricate a sea cucumber mimic using sidechain polypseudorotaxanes with tunable nano‐to‐macroscale properties. A series of polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐based sidechain copolymers were synthesized to form sidechain polypseudorotaxanes with α‐cyclodextrins (α‐CDs). By tailoring the copolymers’ molecular weights and their PEG grafting densities, we rationally tuned the sizes of the formed polypseudorotaxanes crystalline domain and the physical crosslinking density of the hydrogels, which facilitated 3D printing and the mechanical adaptability to these hydrogels. After 3D printing and photo‐crosslinking, the obtained hydrogels exhibited large tensile strain and broad elastic‐to‐plastic variations upon α‐CD (de)threading. These discoveries enabled a successful fabrication of a sea cucumber mimic, demonstrating multi‐stage stiffness changes.
Consecutive β,β′‐Selective C(sp3)−H Silylation of Tertiary Amines with Dihydrosilanes Catalyzed by B(C6F5)3
Authors: Fang Huaquan , Xie Kaixue , Kemper Sebastian , Oestreich Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTris(pentafluorophenyl)borane has been found to catalyze the two‐fold C(sp3)−H silylation of various trialkylamine derivatives with dihydrosilanes, furnishing the corresponding 4‐silapiperidines in decent yields. The multi‐step reaction cascade involves amine‐to‐enamine dehydrogenation at two alkyl residues and two electrophilic silylation reactions of those enamines, one inter‐ and one intramolecular.
Optic neuritis after ocular trauma in anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Himori Noriko , Takeshita Takayuki , Fujihara Kazuo , Misu Tatsuro , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Fujimori Juichi , Ishii Tadashi , Aoki Masashi , Nakazawa Toru , Nakashima Ichiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to report the possible association between minor trauma to the eyes and the subsequent occurrence of optic neuritis in patients with serum anti‐aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) antibody‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).MethodsHerein, we present three patients who developed acute optic neuritis with visual disturbances after accidental minor trauma to their eyes, without any fundus abnormality or orbital floor fractures present.ResultsTwo of the three patients had a preceding history of neurological disturbances compatible with NMOSD (e.g., myelitis, area postrema syndrome) before the occurrence of trauma. One patient was rapidly treated with steroid pulse therapy and plasmapheresis, and he fully recovered visual acuity. The other two, who were left untreated in the acute phase, had sequelae of severe visual disturbances in the affected eyes.ConclusionsThese cases suggest possible association between minor trauma to the eyes and the subsequent occurrence of optic neuritis in patients with serum anti‐AQP4 antibodies. Avoiding ocular trauma and early administration of steroid pulse therapy in response to optic neuritis after trauma are desired in such cases.
The value of fragmented QRS in predicting the prognosis of chronic total occlusion patients with myocardial infarction history undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A 24‐months follow‐up study
Authors: Yang Tiangui , Fu Xi , Fu Peng , Chen Jie , Xu Changlu , Liu Xiaoxia , Niu Tiesheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFragmented QRS (fQRS) is a marker of local myocardial scar. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between fQRS and coronary collateral circulation (CCC) and evaluate the predictive value of fQRS for long‐term clinical outcomes among patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) and prior myocardial infarction (MI) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsA total of 862 patients with a definite history of MI who had one CTO coronary artery and underwent PCI between 2013 and 2018 were continuously analyzed. Patients were divided into group A (no Q wave and fQRS, n = 206), group B (fQRS, n = 265), group C (Q wave, n = 391). All patients were followed up for 2 years.ResultsThe incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in group B was significantly lower than in group C (group B vs. C: 7.2% vs. 11.3%, P = 0.043). The percentage of good CCC was 94.2%, 88.3%, and 82.9% in group A, B, and C (p < .001), respectively. The improvement of cardiac function in group B and A were more significant than in group C. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed fQRS was an independent protective factor of MACE after PCI within 2 years in CTO patients with prior MI (RR = 0.668, 95% CI [0.422–0.917], p = .001).ConclusionfQRS is an independent protective factor of prognosis in patients with prior MI and one CTO vessel who underwent PCI, presenting with a higher rate of good CCC, less occurrence of MACE, and better heart function than in Q wave patients.
Enhanced Nanostructure Dynamics on Au(111) with Adsorbed Sulfur due to Au−S Complex Formation
Authors: Spurgeon Peter M. , Liu Da‐Jiang , Windus Theresa L. , Evans James W. , Thiel Patricia A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Peter Spurgeon, Dr. Da‐Jiang Liu, and Prof. Jim Evans at Ames Laboratory USDOE and Iowa State University. The top images show the decay of a 2D Au island on Au(111) in the presence of 24 milli‐monolayers of S. The enhancement of island decay with increasing S coverage is quantified in the lower left image for ∼85 nm2 Au islands. The Au‐S complexes implicated as facile mass carriers enhancing decay are also illustrated. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202000884.