bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and associations of vision-related quality of life and functional vision of children with visual impairment
Authors: Robertson Alexandra O , Horvat-Gitsels Lisanne A , Cortina-Borja Mario , Rahi Jugnoo S 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundPatient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used in paediatric ophthalmology. However, little is known about the distribution of PROM scores among children and young people with visual impairment.AimTo investigate the distributions and predictors of scores on the VQoL_CYP (measuring vision-related quality of life) and FVQ_CYP (measuring functional vision).MethodsChildren and young people aged 8–18 years, with visual impairment/blindness (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) worse than 0.48 in the better eye, and/or eligible visual field restriction) completed the VQoL_CYP and FVQ_CYP at home or Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK. Associations between VQoL_CYP and FVQ_CYP scores and sociodemographic and clinical factors were analysed using multiple linear regression models.ResultsAmong 93 participants, VQoL_CYP scores ranged from 36.6 to 78.2 (mean=57.9, SD=8.1). FVQ_CYP scores ranged from 23.5 to 70.3 (mean=48.3, SD=10.1). Only 0.4% of the variation in VQoL_CYP scores was explained, with no associations with the variables of interest. By contrast, 21.6% of the variation in FVQ_CYP scores was explained, with a gradient of worse acuity (p<0.001) and female gender (p=0.04) associated with worse self-rated functional vision. Age, ethnicity, time of onset and stability/progression of visual impairment were not associated.DiscussionSelf-rated vision-related quality of life and functional vision are not readily predicted from sociodemographic or clinical characteristics that ophthalmologists measure/record. Routine use of PROMs in clinical practice can offer important insights. Use in research can provide valuable measures of effectiveness of interventions. The reference values provided will aid interpretation in both settings.
Validity of the Taiwan Triage and Acuity Scale in mainland China: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Chen Qing-Qing , Chiu Sherry Yueh-Hsia , Tsai Lai-Yin , Hu Rong-Fang 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesThe Taiwan Triage and Acuity Scale (TTAS), developed for use in EDs, has been shown to be an excellent tool for triaging patients with high predictive performance, with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.75. TTAS has been widely used in hospitals in Taiwan since 2010, but its utility has not been studied outside of Taiwan. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of using the TTAS in the ED of a tertiary hospital in mainland China to predict patient outcomes.MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed on patients 14 years of age or older attending the ED of a tertiary hospital in mainland China between 1 January 2016 and 31 March 2016. The validity of the TTAS in predicting hospital admission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, death, ED length of stay (LOS) and ED resource utilisation was evaluated by determining the correlation of these outcomes with the TTAS, AUROC and test characteristics.ResultsA total of 7843 patients were included in this study. There were significant differences between the TTAS categories in disposition, ED LOS and ED resource utilisation (p<0.0001). The TTAS was significantly correlated with patient disposition at discharge, hospital admission, ICU admission and death in the ED (Kendall rank correlations were 0.254, –0.254, −0.079 and −0.071, respectively; p=0.001). The AUROCs for the prediction of hospital admissions, ICU admissions and deaths in the ED were 0.749 (95% CI 0.732 to 0.765), 0.869 (95% CI 0.797 to 0.942) and 0.998 (95% CI 0.995 to 1.000), respectively. Our results demonstrated better performance using the TTAS for predictions of ICU admission and death.ConclusionsThe TTAS had good validity in predicting patient outcomes and ED resource utilisation in a tertiary hospital in mainland China. Compared with the performance of the TTAS in Taiwan, our results suggest that the TTAS can usefully be applied outside of Taiwan.
Elliptic curves over a nonlocal ring 𝔽2d[𝜀],𝜀2 = 𝜀
Authors: Tadmori Abdelhamid , Chillali Abdelhakim , Ziane M’hamed 
Published: April 2021

In this work, we came to present the elliptic curves over a nonlocal ring [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a finite field of characteristic 2, and [Formula: see text] is a prime integer. We consider an elliptic curve given by the Weierstrass equation of the form [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] are in the ring [Formula: see text] and b is invertible in [Formula: see text] see Tadmori et al. [Normal form of the elliptic curves over the finite ring, J. Math. Syst. Sci. 4 (2014) 194–196]. More precisely, we give a classification of elements of the elliptic curve over this ring, and we construct the group law over it, which allows us to prove same properties of the elliptic group [Formula: see text] by showing the isomorphism [Formula: see text]
On Loneura crenata Navás and Loneura ocotensis García Aldrete (Psocodea, ‘Psocoptera’, Ptiloneuridae)
Authors: Cutrim Marcelo , Silva-Neto Alberto Moreira da , García-Aldrete Alfonso Neri , Rafael José Albertino 
Published: April 2021

Here it is shown that Loneura crenata Navás, 1927 and Loneura ocotensis García Aldrete are distinct species, so the previously proposed synonymy of the latter with the first is not valid. Illustrations of the L. crenata holotype, deposited in the Hamburg University Zoological Museum, are here presented for the first time.
Systems Approach to Discovery of Therapeutic Targets for Vein Graft Disease: PPARα Pivotally Regulates Metabolism, Activation, and Heterogeneity of Macrophages and Lesion Development
Authors: Decano Julius L. , Singh Sasha A. , Gasparotto Bueno Cauê , Ho Lee Lang , Halu Arda , Chelvanambi Sarvesh , Matamalas Joan T. , Zhang Hengmin , Mlynarchik Andrew K. , Qiao Jiao , Sharma Amitabh , Mukai Shin , Wang Jianguo , Anderson Daniel G. , Ozaki C. Keith , Libby Peter , Aikawa Elena , Aikawa Masanori 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Vein graft failure remains a common clinical challenge. We applied a systems approach in mouse experiments to discover therapeutic targets for vein graft failure.

Methods:
Global proteomics and high-dimensional clustering on multiple vein graft tissues were used to identify potential pathogenic mechanisms. The PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) pathway served as an example to substantiate our discovery platform. In vivo mouse experiments with macrophage-targeted PPARα small interfering RNA, or the novel, selective activator pemafibrate demonstrate the role of PPARα in the development and inflammation of vein graft lesions. In vitro experiments further included metabolomic profiling, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, metabolic assays, and single-cell RNA sequencing on primary human and mouse macrophages.

Results:
We identified changes in the vein graft proteome associated with immune responses, lipid metabolism regulated by the PPARs, fatty acid metabolism, matrix remodeling, and hematopoietic cell mobilization. PPARα agonism by pemafibrate retarded the development and inflammation of vein graft lesions in mice, whereas gene silencing worsened plaque formation. Pemafibrate also suppressed arteriovenous fistula lesion development. Metabolomics/lipidomics, functional metabolic assays, and single-cell analysis of cultured human macrophages revealed that PPARα modulates macrophage glycolysis, citrate metabolism, mitochondrial membrane sphingolipid metabolism, and heterogeneity.

Conclusions:
This study explored potential drivers of vein graft inflammation and identified PPARα as a novel potential pharmacological treatment for this unmet medical need.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancies in Women With Congenital Heart Disease: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hardee Isabel , Wright Lydia , McCracken Courtney , Lawson Emily , Oster Matthew E. 
Published: April 2021

Background
With advances in the treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD), more women with CHD survive childhood to reach reproductive age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies among women with CHD in the modern era.

Methods and Results
We conducted a meta‐analysis of peer‐reviewed literature published January 2007 through June 2019. Studies were included if they reported on maternal or fetal mortality and provided data by CHD lesion. Meta‐analysis was performed using random effect regression modeling using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis (v3). CHD lesions were categorized as mild, moderate, and severe to allow for pooling of data across studies. Of 2200 articles returned by our search, 32 met inclusion criteria for this study. Overall, the rate of neonatal mortality was 1%, 3.1%, and 3.5% in mild, moderate, and severe lesions, respectively. There were too few maternal deaths in any group to pool data. The rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity among women with CHD increase with severity of lesion. Specifically, rates of maternal arrhythmia and heart failure, cesarean section, preterm birth, and small for gestational age neonate are all markedly increased as severity of maternal CHD increases.

Conclusions
In the modern era, pregnancy in women with CHD typically has a successful outcome in both mother and child. However, as maternal CHD severity increases, so too does the risk of numerous morbidities and neonatal mortality. These findings may help in counseling women with CHD who plan to become pregnant, especially women with severe lesions.
Sal-Frankish NUM-NUM Compounding in the Lex Salica
Authors: Postma Gertjan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article presents evidence that Sal-Frankish had a word for ‘500’, sunde, which corresponds to the Roman numeral D, being half of M ‘1000’. With this analysis, the Sal-Frankish numbers become transparent, even the two higher values of the so-called chunnas. The neologism sunde was a back formation from tusunde ‘thousand’, which was analysed as tu ‘two’ + sunde ‘500’. This back formation was possible in the contact language Sal-Frankish for both segmental reasons (ongoing occlusion of [θ] to [t]) and stress, but not in Old Low Franconian, Old Middle Franconian, Old Saxon or OHG.
Latin sāpō ‘hair-dye, soap’, the Germanic Words for Soap, and the Common Substrate of Celtic and Germanic
Authors: Simon Zsolt 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article argues that the traditional etymology of Latin sāpō as a loanword from the Germanic words for ‘soap’ is phonologically not possible. Instead, it proposes a phonologically regular explanation: a loanword in both Germanic and Latin from the common Celtic-Germanic substrate (with Gaulish transmission in the case of Latin).
Old Frisian Breaking and Labial Mutation Revisited
Authors: Hartmann Frederik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The sound changes of ‘breaking’ and ‘labial mutation’ in Old Frisian are often referred to as distinct and unrelated phenomena only having been subject to similar processes. In the study at hand, this view is revisited by taking into account arguments on the basis of Old Frisian syllable structure and the particular environments in which these changes arise. The findings suggest that both Old Frisian breaking and labial mutation are concatenations of very similar consecutive but independent changes. This article argues for a reinterpretation of the two processes as caused by the same core phonetic process which is in its essence a backness levelling phenomenon. The two proposed phonological rules governing this process cross-cut previous assumptions about the triggers of epenthesis and thus provide a better fit to the data than positing two unrelated changes does.
Formen der Geselligkeit und ihr historischer Wandel als Herausforderung der frühneuzeitlichen Kulturgeschichte
Authors: Bremer Kai , Voigt-Goy Christopher , Werle Dirk 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Based on a satirical poem about the asparagus mass in Leipzig by the writer Johann Christian Trömer, who wrote about the sociability in the city of Leipzig in the first half of the 18th century, this introduction sketches the thematic concern of this volume. Firstly, it provides an overview of the state of research on early modern sociability in German Studies and in adjacent disciplines. Secondly, it explains why Leipzig can be regarded as a representative place for research concerning forms of Geselligkeit in the early modern period.
Leipziger Luthertum und bürgerliche Kultur in der Frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Kohnle Armin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lutheran Leipzig offers an excellent example for an early modern German territorial city where religion and civil culture entered into a long-lived symbiosis. This article follows Leipzig’s church history from the first arrival of the Wittenberg Reformation after 1519 to the middle of the nineteenth century. It was not before the end of the sixteenth century that orthodox Lutheranism, based on the formula of concord, was firmly established as the city’s official form of protestantism. Lutheran confessional culture reached its zenith during the seventeenth century. Religion was considered as a constituent part of public welfare. But Leipzig ran through a phase of de-confessionalization in the later eighteenth century. Religion was now understood as part of the private life, and confessional boundaries became increasingly obsolete. With respect to sociability, Lutheranism made a considerable contribution to the social life of the Leipzigers, but it had little to do with their leisure time habits.
Fromme Gemeinschaft, geistliche Geselligkeit
Authors: Bremer Kai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Taking into account the introduction to this issue, the article examines the Lutheran psalm poetry of the Leipzig theologian Cornelius Becker. He first published his Der Psalter Dauids Gesangweis in 1602, after which it was reprinted repeatedly and received extensively throughout the 17th century. In the prefaces of Der Psalter Dauids Gesangweis and in the lyrics of the songs themselves there are numerous indications that Becker’s psalm poetry not only aimed at strengthening piety, but also attempted to create sociability.
Poetisches Wissen
Authors: Brockstieger Sylvia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article examines sociability as a literary and poetic factor which reacts to real-world manifestations of social interaction. Using the pastoral text Des Hylas auß Latusia Lustiger Schau-Platz von einer Pindischen Gesellschaft (1650) as an example, the article develops how the specifically ‘bourgeois’ quality of the text may be redefined under the auspices of a particularly ‘literary sociability’ against the background of a critical revision of common genre assignments. This kind of ‘literary sociability’ results mainly from the narrative structure of the text and the skillful play between fictional and factual signals. In this way, the article also contributes to shedding light on the practice of fiction(ality) in the early modern period.
Love as a Term of Address in British English: Micro-diachronic Variation
Authors: Baumgarten Nicole 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the pragmatic scope of the endearment ‘love’ in contemporary spoken British English. It will be suggested that the function of ‘love’ in interaction can be understood as a ritual framing expression that enables speakers to index certain interpersonal constellations and action contexts in which speakers claim rights and social authority by couching them in affective stance displays. The study is based on the 1994 and 2014 versions of the British National Corpus. The findings show that over the course of twenty years, the use of ‘love’ has become significantly less frequent and has undergone a functional profile shift to index, more centrally than before, other-deprecating evaluation, enacted through joking and performative use in storytelling. Those functions appear to feed off the core semantics and interpersonal constellations of ‘love’ as well as associations with social and linguistic stereotypes.
Evaluation of the Rapid Refresh Numerical Weather Prediction Model over Arctic Alaska
Authors: Bray Matthew T. , Turner David D. , de Boer Gijs 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite a need for accurate weather forecasts for societal and economic interests in the U.S. Arctic, thorough evaluations of operational numerical weather prediction in the region have been limited. In particular, the Rapid Refresh Model (RAP), which plays a key role in short-term forecasting and decision-making, has seen very limited assessment in northern Alaska, with most evaluation efforts focused on lower latitudes. In the present study, we verify forecasts from version 4 of the RAP against radiosonde, surface meteorological, and radiative flux observations from two Arctic sites on the northern Alaskan coastline, with a focus on boundary layer thermodynamic and dynamic biases, model representation of surface inversions, and cloud characteristics. We find persistent seasonal thermodynamic biases near the surface that vary with wind direction, and may be related to the RAP’s handling of sea ice and ocean interactions. These biases seem to have diminished in the latest version of the RAP (version 5), which includes refined handling of sea ice, among other improvements. In addition, we find that despite capturing boundary layer temperature profiles well overall, the RAP struggles to consistently represent strong, shallow surface inversions. Further, while the RAP seems to forecast the presence of clouds accurately in most cases, there are errors in the simulated characteristics of these clouds, which we hypothesize may be related to the RAP’s treatment of mixed-phase clouds.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for T1 glottic cancer: dosimetric data in 27 consecutive patients
Authors: Sanguineti Giuseppe , Pellini Raul , Vidiri Antonello , Marzi Simona , D’Urso Pasqualina , Terrenato Irene , Farneti Alessia , Fuga Valentina , Ungania Sara , Landoni Valeria 
Published: April 2021

Aim: Because the clinical feasibility of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early glottic cancer (T1) is controversial, we report dosimetric results in 27 consecutive patients from a prospective phase I and II study that started in 2017. Methods: In our approach, only the parts of the true vocal cord containing cancer and those immediately adjacent are planned to be treated to 36 Gy and 30 Gy, respectively, in 3 fractions. Several dosimetric metrics for both target volumes and organs at risk were extracted from individual plans and results were compared to those achieved by other authors in a similar setting. Results: Proper coverage was reached at planning in 2/3 of planning treatment volume 30 Gy, but only 4 planning treatment volume 36 Gy; conversely, the maximum dose objective was met for most of the patients on either arytenoid cartilage, but this was not the case for 51.9% and 96.3% of cricoid and thyroid cartilages, respectively. Our dosimetric results are similar to if not better than those achieved by others. Conclusion: SBRT in 3 fractions for T1 glottic lesions is dosimetrically challenging. Clinical validation is awaited.
Platelets Loaded with Recombinant ADAMTS13 Are Efficacious in Inhibiting Arterial Thrombosis Under Flow: A Potential Novel Therapeutic for Acquired TTP
Authors: Abdelgawwad Mohammad , Zheng Liang , Zheng X. Long 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a potentially life-threatening blood clotting disorder, is resulted from severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity. Plasma exchange is the only effective initial therapy for acquired TTP, which replenishes ADAMTS13 while removing autoantibodies. However, the in-hospital mortality rate is still high, suggesting that another more effective therapy is urgently needed.
Objectives: The present study aims to develop a novel therapy using platelets as carriers to deliver recombinant ADAMTS13 (rADAMTS13) to the sites of vascular injury, where platelets are activated and de-granulated to release rADAMTS13 from the storage granules. Our specific aims are: 1) determine the in vitro uptake of rADAMTS13 by platelets; 2) determine the efficacy of platelet-delivered rADAMTS13 in anti-arterial thrombosis under flow and in vivo.
Methods: Freshly isolated human platelets from whole blood were incubated with an increasing concentration of rADAMTS13 (0, 5, 20, 50, and 100 µg/ml) at 25°C and 37°C for hours. Platelets were then washed and lysed with 1% Triton X-100 to assess the rADAMTS13 activity via a FRETS-VWF73 assay. Western blotting and confocal microscopy determined the amounts of rADAMTS13 protein and localization in platelets, respectively. The anti-thrombotic activity of the released rADAMTS13 from activated platelets was determined by a microfluidic system (BioFlux) and by a ferric chloride induced thrombus formation in mesenteric arterioles/venules in Adamts13-/- mice.
Results: Human washed platelets were able to uptake rADAMTS13 in a temperature- and concentration-dependent manner. The rADAMTS13 protein packed inside human platelets remained intact and active towards the FRET-VWF73 substrate. Confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated its localization of uptaken rADAMTS13 in the alpha granules, partially overlapped with VWF. The rADAMTS13 released from activated human platelets under shear (100 dyne/cm2) was capable of cleaving VWF and inhibiting platelet agglutination and aggregation on a collagen-coated surface in a concentration-dependent manner. Transfusion of platelets expressing rADAMTS13 into Adamts13-/- mice dramatically reduced the rate of thrombus formation in the mesenteric arterioles/venules after ferric chloride injury.
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that human platelets can be reengineered in vitro to contain sufficient amounts of rADAMTS13 in the alpha granules. The rADAMTS13 inside platelets is releasable and proteolytically functional under shear stress or in vivo under flow. Our findings suggest that the transfusion of platelets loaded with rADAMTS13 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for acquired TTP with inhibitors.

Disclosures
Zheng: Alexion: Speakers Bureau; Ablynx: Consultancy.