bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aero-acoustic response of flat plates at sub-sonic flow
Authors: El Khatib Atef , Miaari Ahmad Al , Hammoud Ali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Natural aero-acoustic resonance of single and double flat plates was experimentally investigated. Ten single plates of six different chord-to-thickness ratios were tested for flow around single plate, and four different gap-to-thickness ratios were tested for flow around two plates in tandem. For the case of single plates, a tool for the prediction of resonant flow velocities was established using reduced velocity. For tandem plates, the acoustic response was characterized by the presence of double resonance response that is the excitation of first acoustic mode in two different ranges of flow velocities. Reduced velocity range of low-frequency resonance fits to the range of Mode1 in single plates, this is because both resonances are natural. For high-velocity resonance, a common range could hardly be identified although the increase of gap distance showed an increase in the onset reduced velocity at resonance. It is hypothesized that the first resonance of the double response is caused by normal shedding of vortices in the gap between the plates, whereas the latter resonance is due to vortices caused by the interaction of shear layers with the downstream plate. This mechanism is different than that present in case of tandem cylinders due to the difference in separation points. It was also shown that the downstream plate can serve as a duct modification that leads to the excitation of new acoustic modes that were not excited in the case of single plates.
Addressing the Diagnostic Miscommunication in Pathology
Authors: Mirham Lorna , Hanna Jessica , Yousef George M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The pathology report serves as a crucial communication tool among a number of stakeholders. It can sometimes be challenging to understand. A communication barrier exists among pathologists, other clinicians, and patients when interpreting the pathology report, leaving both clinicians and patients less empowered when making treatment decisions. Miscommunication can lead to delays in treatment or other costly medical interventions.

Methods
In this review, we highlight miscommunication in pathology reporting and provide potential solutions to improve communication.

Results
Up to one-third of clinicians do not always understand pathology reports. Several causes of report misinterpretation include the use of pathology-specific jargon, different versions of staging or grading systems, and expressions indicative of uncertainty in the pathologist’s report. Active communication has proven to be crucial between the clinician and the pathologist to clarify different aspects of the pathology report. Direct communication between pathologists and patients is evolving, with promising success in proof-of-principle studies. Special attention needs to be paid to avoiding inaccuracy while trying to simplify the pathology report.

Conclusions
There is a need for active and adequate communication among pathologists, other clinicians, and patients. Clarity and consistency in reporting, quantifying the level of confidence in diagnosis, and avoiding misnomers are key steps toward improving communications.
Evaluation of machine learning approaches for cell-type identification from single-cell transcriptomics data
Authors: Huang Yixuan , Zhang Peng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSingle-cell transcriptomics technologies have vast potential in advancing our understanding of cellular heterogeneity in complex tissues. While methods to interpret single-cell transcriptomics data are developing rapidly, challenges in most analysis pipeline still remain, and the major limitation is a reliance on manual annotations for cell-type identification that is time-consuming, irreproducible, and sometimes lack canonical markers for certain cell types. There is a growing realization of the potential of machine learning models as a supervised classification approach that can significantly aid decision-making processes for cell-type identification. In this work, we performed a comprehensive and impartial evaluation of 10 machine learning models that automatically assign cell phenotypes. The performance of classification methods is estimated by using 20 publicly accessible single-cell RNA sequencing datasets with different sizes, technologies, species and levels of complexity. The performance of each model for within dataset (intra-dataset) and across datasets (inter-dataset) experiments based on the classification accuracy and computation time are both evaluated. Besides, the sensitivity to the number of input features, different annotation levels and dataset complexity was also been estimated. Results showed that most classifiers perform well on a variety of datasets with decreased accuracy for complex datasets, while the Linear Support Vector Machine (linear-SVM) and Logistic Regression classifier models have the best overall performance with remarkably fast computation time. Our work provides a guideline for researchers to select and apply suitable machine learning-based classification models in their analysis workflows and sheds some light on the potential direction of future improvement on automated cell phenotype classification tools based on the single-cell sequencing data.
A Validated LC–MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Ticagrelor, Its Two Metabolites and Major Constituents of Tea Polyphenols in Rat Plasma and Its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Xue Ying , Wang Ziteng , Cai Weimin , Tian Xin , Liu Shuaibing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ticagrelor is recommended for management of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Green tea is one of the most popular beverages in China and around the world. Their concomitant use is unavoidable. In this study, a selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of plasma concentrations of ticagrelor, its two metabolites and four major constituents of tea polyphenols (TPs) in rats was developed for co-administration study of ticagrelor and TPs. Diazepam was used as internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were extracted employing a liquid–liquid extraction technique. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Kinetex C18 column (2.1 × 75 mm, 2.6 μm) by gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid in water, acetonitrile and methanol. Seven analytes and IS were detected by a mass spectrometer with both positive and negative ionization by multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method was fully validated to be reliable and reproducible in accordance with food and drug administration (FDA) guidelines on bioanalytical method validation. The method was then successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study of ticagrelor, its two metabolites and four major constituents of TPs in rat plasma after oral administration of ticagrelor and tea polyphenol extracts.
Immunosuppression minimization in kidney transplant recipients hospitalized for COVID-19
Authors: Anton Pampols Paula , Trujillo Hernando , Melilli Edoardo , Urban Blanca , Sandino Justo , Favá Alexandre , Gutierrez Eduardo , Bestard Oriol , Mancebo Esther , Sevillano Angel , Cruzado Josep M , Morales Enrique 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Immunosuppressed patients such as kidney transplant recipients (KTs) have increased mortality risk in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The role and management of chronic immunosuppressive therapies during COVID-19 must be characterized.

Methods
Herein, we report the follow-up of a cohort of 47 KTs admitted at two Spanish Kidney Transplant Units, who survived COVID-19. The impact of the management of immunosuppression during COVID-19 on graft function and immunologic events was evaluated.

Results
At least one immunosuppressive agent was withdrawn in 83% of patients, with antimetabolites being the most frequent. Steroids were generally not stopped and the dose was even increased in 15% of patients as part of the treatment of COVID-19. Although immunosuppressive drugs were suspended during a median time of 17 days, no rejection episodes or de novo donor-specific antibodies were observed up to 3 months after discharge, and no significant changes occurred in calculated panel reactive antibodies. Acute graft dysfunction was common (55%) and the severity was related to tacrolimus trough levels, which were higher in patients receiving antivirals. At the end of follow-up, all patients recovered baseline kidney function.

Conclusions
Our observational study suggests that immunosuppression in KTs hospitalized due to COVID-19 could be safely minimized.
Association between prophylactic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and overall survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy—analysis of registry data
Authors: Porcher Raphaël , Desguerre Isabelle , Amthor Helge , Chabrol Brigitte , Audic Frédérique , Rivier François , Isapof Arnaud , Tiffreau Vincent , Campana-Salort Emmanuelle , Leturcq France , Tuffery-Giraud Sylvie , Ben Yaou Rabah , Annane Djillali , Amédro Pascal , Barnerias Christine , Bécane Henri Marc , Béhin Anthony , Bonnet Damien , Bassez Guillaume , Cossée Mireille , de La Villéon Grégoire , Delcourte Claire , Fayssoil Abdallah , Fontaine Bertand , Godart François , Guillaumont Sophie , Jaillette Emmanuelle , Laforêt Pascal , Leonard-Louis Sarah , Lofaso Frederic , Mayer Michele , Morales Raul Juntas , Meune Christophe , Orlikowski David , Ovaert Caroline , Prigent Hélène , Saadi Malika , Sochala Maximilien , Tard Celine , Vaksmann Guy , Walther-Louvier Ulrike , Eymard Bruno , Stojkovic Tanya , Ravaud Philippe , Duboc Denis , Wahbi Karim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
To estimate the effect of prophylactic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) on survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Methods and results
We analysed the data from the French multicentre DMD Heart Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03443115). We estimated the association between the prophylactic prescription of ACEi and event-free survival in 668 patients aged 8 to 13 years, with normal left ventricular function, using (i) a Cox model with intervention as a time-dependent covariate, (ii) a propensity-based analysis comparing ACEi treatment vs. no treatment, and (iii) a set of sensitivity analyses. The study outcomes were overall survival and hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) or acute respiratory failure. Among the 668 patients included in the DMD Heart Registry, 576 (mean age 6.1 ± 2.8 years) were eligible for this study, of whom 390 were treated with ACEi prophylactically. Death occurred in 53 patients (13.5%) who were and 60 patients (32.3%) who were not treated prophylactically with ACEi, respectively. In a Cox model with intervention as a time-dependent variable, the hazard ratio (HR) associated with ACEi treatment was 0.49 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.72] and 0.47 (95% CI 0.31–0.17) for overall mortality after adjustment for baseline variables. In the propensity-based analysis, 278 patients were included in the treatment group and 834 in the control group, with 18.5% and 30.4% 12-year estimated probability of death, respectively. ACEi were associated with a lower risk of death (HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.17–0.92) and hospitalization for HF (HR 0.16; 95% CI 0.04–0.62). All other sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.

Conclusion
Prophylactic ACEi treatment in DMD was associated with a significantly higher overall survival and lower rates of hospitalization for HF.
Induced polarization of volcanic rocks. 5. Imaging the temperature field of shield volcanoes
Authors: Revil A , Qi Y , Ghorbani A , Gresse M , Thomas D M 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
Kilauea is an active shield volcano located in Hawaiʻi. An induced polarization survey was performed in 2015 at the scale of the caldera. The data were acquired with a 2.5 km cable with 64 electrodes and a spacing of 40 m between the electrodes. A total of 6210 measurements were performed. The apparent chargeability data were inverted using a least square technique to obtain a chargeability tomogram. The normalized chargeability tomogram is obtained by multiplying cell-by-cell the chargeability by the conductivity. Once the conductivity and normalized chargeability tomograms are obtained, they are jointly interpreted using a dynamic Stern layer conduction/polarization model, which explains the low-frequency polarization spectra of volcanic rocks. This conductivity/polarization model is tested here on new laboratory experiments performed on 24 samples from a drill-hole located on the Kilauea East Rift Zone (Hole SOH-2). We show that for Kilauea, the ratio between the normalized chargeability and the conductivity is equal to a dimensionless number R = 0.10 ± 0.02 proving that the conductivity and the normalized chargeability are both controlled by the alteration products of the volcanic rocks with a minor role of magnetite except close to the ground surface. In turn, the degree of alteration is controlled by temperature and therefore normalized chargeability and electrical conductivity can both be used as a non-intrusive temperature sensor. This approach is then applied to the field data. Meaningful temperature tomograms can be produced from both electrical conductivity and normalized chargeability tomograms.
Conservative politics and Whig colonial government, 1830–41
Authors: Middleton Alex 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article explores Conservative critiques of Whig colonial rule in the 1830s. Its case is that imperial administrative and constitutional issues occupied a more prominent place in the Tories’ politics of opposition during the ‘decade of Reform’ than historians have assumed. Conservative writers and politicians styled themselves as vigorous defenders of imperial integrity, colonial constitutions, and the colonial church, against the incoherent centralizing and liberalizing innovations of the Whigs. These arguments rested on wider assumptions about the inherent failings of Whiggism, Reformed government and the pernicious global consequences of ‘liberalism’. The article asks how these claims affect our understanding of Conservative politics after the Reform crisis, and reflects on the emergence of new forms of political engagement with issues of colonial government in early nineteenth-century Britain.
Ethics in the GDPR: A Blueprint for Applied Legal Theory
Authors: Rochel Johan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ethics is seen as a critical resource for data law. But beyond this almost slogan-like truism, the exact functions which ethics might play in data law are often left unclear. This contribution clarifies the ways in which data ethics and data law are intertwined and, on this basis, offers guidelines for practitioners in terms of interpreting the GDPR. Two types of norms allow for modulation between the law and ethics of data. The first type of norms is the ‘principles’ of the GDPR. Ethical resources can be used for the interpretation of these norms using a Rawlsian reflective equilibrium approach. The second type of norms is evaluative judgment norms, the most well-known of which derive from the characteristically risk-based responsibility that the GDPR bestows on controllers. For these evaluative norms, ethical resources could be used in three different functions: as a tool for the identification and assessment of risks, as a resource for improving data controller processes, and as the basis for the codes of conduct foreseen by the GDPR. These three potential modulations between ethics and the law of data help controllers of data make sense of their responsibilities in light of the GDPR’s requirements.
A national survey of hospice pharmacists and a comparison with international models
Authors: Edwards Zoe , Mulvey Matthew R , Chapman Emma J , Bennett Michael I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Pharmacists can contribute to improved patient outcomes, improve medicine knowledge, reduce drug costs and minimise errors. However, their role within hospice-based services is not well described.

Objective
The objective of this paper was to explore the role of pharmacists within UK hospices.

Methods
Methods include an online survey and follow-up telephone contact of pharmacists working in UK hospices assessing pharmacist provision, duties, communication, medicine sourcing and training.

Results
Eighty-nine responses were received from 82 hospices (response rate 50%). Pharmacists had a role in 75% of hospices providing between 6.6 min and 5.5 hrs of pharmacist support per bed per week. The most frequent duty reported was provision of medicines information to the clinical team. Access to patient records varied considerably: 13% had full read and write access to GP records while 29% had no access. Job-specific training had not been received by 36% of the respondents and 47% reported training needs including basic training in palliative care.

Conclusions
Three-quarters of UK hospices have pharmacy provision, although this falls below the recommended levels in the majority. Hospice pharmacists lack access to training and records. Medicines sourcing for hospices is variable and could provide opportunities for efficiencies with further research.
Ensemble Analysis Identifies Nasal 15-Keto-PGE2 as a Predictor of Recovery in Experimental Rhinovirus Colds
Authors: Lane Starr Nicole M , Evans Michael D , Lee Kristine E , Gern James E , Denlinger Loren C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Symptom intensity during a common cold is highly variable, particularly after the illness peaks, contributing to delay in recovery. Rhinoviruses frequently cause colds and, during acute infections, generate leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 is known to initiate oxylipin class switching and resolution of acute inflammation. Thus, we hypothesized that during acute rhinovirus colds, oxylipins with pro-resolving capabilities reduce symptom severity and speed recovery.

Methods
Four groups of healthy volunteers were inoculated with placebo or 3 different doses of rhinovirus A16. Participants kept daily records of symptoms and contributed serial nasal lavage fluid samples. We collected semi-quantitative mass spectrometry data for 71 oxylipins in these acute samples from all participants. An ensemble analysis approach was used to further reduce this dataset.

Results
Levels of 15-keto-PGE2 at day 3 of the cold were consistently among the top candidates in these models of recovery symptoms. 15-keto-PGE2 was the only oxylipin with an interaction between inoculum dose and time. Acute 15-keto-PGE2 levels were inversely associated with symptoms during cold recovery in a multivariable analysis (P = .0043).

Conclusions
These findings show that high 15-keto-PGE2 levels during the acute cold are associated with fewer symptoms during recovery.
The impact of drilling and slitting construction on damage field: evolution characteristics in low-permeability coal seam
Authors: Chen Heng , Cheng Hongmei , Xu Aibin , Xue Yi , Peng Weihong 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The fracture field of coal and rock mass is the main channel for gas migration and accumulation. Exploring the evolution law of fracture field of coal and rock mass under the condition of drilling and slitting construction has important theoretical significance for guiding efficient gas drainage. The generation and evolution process of coal and rock fissures is also the development and accumulation process of its damage. Therefore, based on damage mechanics and finite element theory, the mathematical model is established. The damage variable of coal mass is defined by effective strain, the elastoplastic damage constitutive equation is established and the secondary development of finite element program is completed by FORTRAN language. Using this program, the numerical simulation of drilling and slitting construction of the 15-14120 mining face of Pingdingshan No. 8 Mine is carried out, and the effects of different single borehole diameters, different kerf widths and different kerf heights on the distribution area of surrounding coal fracture field and the degree of damage are studied quantitatively. These provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable determination of the slitting and drilling arrangement parameters at the engineering site.
Traumatic contralateral chylothorax in a patient with penetrating neck injury: a case report
Authors: Olotu Olumide , Uchendu Nneka , Holtrop John , Graham Isabella , Buck Joseph 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chylothorax is defined as a collection of chyle within the pleural cavity secondary to injury of the thoracic duct. We describe a rare case of a contralateral chylothorax resulting from a penetrating wound to the left lower anterior neck region. A 37-year-old male presented to the emergency room with a penetrating stab wound of the left neck. Upon clinical exam, the wound measured about 3–4 cm with minimal bleeding and no expanding hematoma or other hard sign of vascular injury. Subsequently, his right chest tube output developed a milky appearance with a total volume of 260 cc over 24 h. The specimen was sent for triglyceride analysis and confirmed diagnosis of chylothorax. He was managed with conservative therapy not requiring surgical intervention. The anatomical variations arising in the thoracic duct warrant the consideration of possible chylothorax in both right and left pleural effusions secondary to penetrating trauma.
Extended theoretical transition data in C i–iv
Authors: Li W , Amarsi A M , Papoulia A , Ekman J , Jönsson P 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Accurate atomic data are essential for opacity calculations and for abundance analyses of the Sun and other stars. The aim of this work is to provide accurate and extensive results of energy levels and transition data for C i–iv. The Multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods were used in this work. To improve the quality of the wavefunctions and reduce the relative differences between length and velocity forms for transition data involving high Rydberg states, alternative computational strategies were employed by imposing restrictions on the electron substitutions when constructing the orbital basis for each atom and ion. Transition data, for example, weighted oscillator strengths and transition probabilities, are given for radiative electric dipole (E1) transitions involving levels up to 1s22s22p6s for C i, up to 1s22s27f for C ii, up to 1s22s7f for C iii, and up to 1s28g for C iv. Using the difference between the transition rates in length and velocity gauges as an internal validation, the average uncertainties of all presented E1 transitions are estimated to be 8.05 per cent, 7.20 per cent, 1.77 per cent, and 0.28 per cent, respectively, for C i–iv. Extensive comparisons with available experimental and theoretical results are performed and good agreement is observed for most of the transitions. In addition, the C i data were employed in a re-analysis of the solar carbon abundance. The new transition data give a line-by-line dispersion similar to the one obtained when using transition data that are typically used in stellar spectroscopic applications today.