bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Succession comprises a sequence of threshold-induced community assembly processes towards multidiversity
Authors: Hanusch Maximilian , He Xie , Ruiz-Hernández Victoria , Junker Robert R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch on successions and community assembly both address the same processes such as dispersal, species sorting, and biotic interactions but lack unifying concepts. Recent theoretical advances integrated both research lines proposing a sequence of stochastic and niche-based processes along successional gradients. Shifts in assembly processes are predicted to occur abruptly once abiotic and biotic factors dominate over dispersal as main driver. Considering the multidiversity composed of five organismal groups including plants, animals, and microbes, we empirically show that stochastic dispersal-dominated community assembly is replaced by environmental filters and biotic interactions after around 60 years of succession in a glacier forefield. The niche-based character of later successional processes is further supported by a decline in multi-beta-diversity. Our results may update concepts of community assembly by considering multiple taxa, help to bridge the gap between research on successions and community assembly, and provide new insights into the emergence of multidiverse and complex ecosystems.
Asymptomatic gut colonization by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli is not associated with an altered gut microbiome or metabolome in Dutch adults
Authors: Ducarmon Q. R. , Zwittink R. D. , Willems R. P. J. , Verhoeven A. , Nooij S. , van der Klis F.R.M. , Franz E. , Kool J. , Giera M. , Vandenbroucke-Grauls C. M. J. E. , Fuentes S. , Kuijper E. J. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundGut colonization by antibiotic resistant E. coli strains, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli is a risk factor for developing overt infection. The gut microbiome can provide colonization resistance against enteropathogens, but it remains unclear whether it confers resistance against potentially pathogenic ESBL-producing E. coli.MaterialsFrom a Dutch cross-sectional population study (PIENTER-3), feces from 2751 individuals were used to culture ESBL-producing bacteria. Of these, we selected 49 samples which were positive for an ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL+), and negative for a variety of variables known to affect microbiome composition. These were matched in a 1:1 ratio to ESBL− samples based on age, sex, having been abroad in the past six months and ethnicity. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed and taxonomic species composition and functional annotations (microbial metabolism and carbohydrate-active enzymes) were determined. Targeted quantitative metabolic profiling (1H NMR-spectroscopy) was performed to investigate metabolomic profiles.ResultsNo differences in alpha or beta diversity were observed, nor in relative abundance, between ESBL+ and ESBL− individuals based on bacterial species level composition. Machine learning approaches based on microbiota composition did not accurately predict ESBL status (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)=0.53), neither when based on functional profiles. The metabolome did also not convincingly differ between ESBL groups as assessed by a variety of approaches, including machine learning through random forest (AUROC=0.61).ConclusionUsing a combination of multi-omics and machine learning approaches, we conclude that asymptomatic gut carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli is not associated with an altered microbiome composition or function. This may suggest that microbiome-mediated colonization resistance against ESBL-producing E. coli is not as relevant as it is against other enteropathogens.
The dilution effect limits plasmid horizontal transmission in multispecies bacterial communities
Authors: Kottara Anastasia , Carrilero Laura , Harrison Ellie , Hall James P.J. , Brockhurst Michael A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBy transferring ecologically important traits between species, plasmids drive genomic divergence and evolutionary innovation in their bacterial hosts. Bacterial communities are often diverse and contain multiple coexisting plasmids, but the dynamics of plasmids in multispecies communities are poorly understood. Here, we show, using experimental multispecies communities containing two plasmids, that bacterial diversity limits the horizontal transmission of plasmids due to ‘the dilution effect’; an epidemiological phenomenon whereby living alongside less proficient host species reduces the expected infection risk for a focal host species. In addition, plasmid horizontal transmission was also affected by plasmid diversity, such that the rate of plasmid conjugation was reduced from coinfected host cells carrying both plasmids. In diverse microbial communities, plasmid spread may be limited by the dilution effect and plasmid-plasmid interactions reducing the rate of horizontal transmission.
Genetic signatures of divergent selection in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) are associated with the variation in temperature and precipitation across its distribution range
Authors: Postolache D. , Oddou-Muratorio S. , Vajana E. , Bagnoli F. , Guichoux E. , Hampe A. , Le Provost G. , Lesur I. , Popescu F. , Scotti I. , Piotti A. , Vendramin G.G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh genetic variation and extensive gene flow may help forest trees with adapting to ongoing climate change, yet the genetic bases underlying their adaptive potential remain largely unknown. We investigated range-wide patterns of potentially adaptive genetic variation in 64 populations of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) using 270 SNPs from 139 candidate genes involved either in phenology or in stress responses. We inferred neutral genetic structure and processes (drift and gene flow) and performed differentiation outlier analyses and gene-environment association (GEA) analyses to detect signatures of divergent selection.Beech range-wide genetic structure was consistent with the species’ previously identified postglacial expansion scenario and recolonization routes. Populations showed high diversity and low differentiation along the major expansion routes. A total of 52 loci were found to be putatively under selection and 15 of them turned up in multiple GEA analyses. Temperature and precipitation related variables were equally represented in significant genotype-climate associations. Signatures of divergent selection were detected in the same proportion for stress response and phenology-related genes. The range-wide adaptive genetic structure of beech appears highly integrated, suggesting a balanced contribution of phenology and stress-related genes to local adaptation, and of temperature and precipitation regimes to genetic clines. Our results imply a best-case scenario for the maintenance of high genetic diversity during range shifts in beech (and putatively other forest trees) with a combination of gene flow maintaining within-population neutral diversity and selection maintaining between-population adaptive differentiation.
Cultural intelligence increase student's innovative behavior in higher education: the mediating role of interpersonal trust
Authors: Kistyanto Anang , Rahman Muhammad Fajar Wahyudi , Adhar Wisandiko Firman , Setyawati Emeralda Eka Putri 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to explore Indonesian students' perceptions of student exchanges or studies abroad regarding cultural intelligence's influence on innovative behavior through interpersonal trust.Design/methodology/approachThis study has used a quantitative research approach. Data analysis uses an approach structural equation modeling-partial least squares (SEM-PLS) supported by program computer software Smart-PLS 3.0. An online questionnaire was distributed to 224 respondents, but only 214 were qualified. In this study, the respondent is Indonesian students who have been completed or are currently conducting student exchanges or studying abroad in the Asia and Australia region.FindingsThis pilot study reveals that high cultural intelligence students positively affect their individuals' innovative behavior. Moreover, interpersonal trust levels would mediate the influence of cultural intelligence on individual innovative behavior students. These results indicate that most Indonesian citizen students who took part in student exchanges or studying abroad had high cultural intelligence.Originality/valueThis study focused on influence cultural intelligence on individuals' innovative behavior, which is referred to as cross-cultural interaction. Also, this study focused on Indonesian citizen students who took part in student exchanges or studying abroad. This kind of research has not been thoroughly or even not been discussed in academic research. Therefore, it was necessary to put this issue into a science education and management science.
Financial performance under influence of credit risk in non-financial firms: evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Mushafiq Muhammad , Sindhu Muzammal Ilyas , Sohail Muhammad Khalid 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between credit risk and financial performance in non-financial firms.Design/methodology/approachIn order to test the relationship between Altman Z-score model as a credit risk proxy and the Return on Asset and Equity as indicator for financial performance with control variables leverage, liquidity and firm size. Least Square Dummy Variable regression analysis is opted. This research's sample included 69 non-financial companies from the Pakistan Stock Exchange KSE-100 Index between 2012 and 2017.FindingsThis study establishes the findings that Altman Z-score, leverage and firm size significantly impact the financial performance of the KSE-100 non-financial firms. However, liquidity is found to be insignificant in this study. Altman Z-score and firm size have shown a positive relationship to the financial performance, whereas leverage is inversely related.Practical implicationsThis study brings in a new and useful insight into the literature on the relationship between credit risk and financial performance. The results of this study provide investors, businesses and managers related to non-financial firms in the KSE-100 index with significant insight about credit risk's impact on performance.Originality/valueThe evidence of the credit risk and financial performance on samples of non-financial firms has not been studied; mainly it has been limited to the banking sector. This study helps in the evaluation of Altman Z-score's performance in the non-financial firms in KSE-100 index as well.
An allergy of society: on the question of how a societal “lockdown” becomes possible
Authors: Räwel Jörg 
Published: May 2021

PurposeGiven the form of functional differentiation of modern society, a far-reaching coordination of functional systems as a dissolution of their heterarchical relationship to each other, as was apparently possible in the social “lockdown” during the corona pandemic, should have been extremely unlikely. The purpose of this study is to explain how this was nevertheless achieved.Design/methodology/approachFrom the perspective of systems theory, social action in principle does not present itself as a problem but as a solution to (latent) social problems. In the sociological analysis presented here, it is therefore precisely a matter of uncovering or pointing out those (changed) social structures in which a social “lockdown” appears as a solution.FindingsThe paper explains that with the emergence of social media through applications such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok, a new force is establishing itself at the level of society as a system. It is one that is characterized by being highly vulnerable to moral communication. A susceptibility to morality manifests, on the one hand, through an individual differentiation of society made possible by social media – for example, in the emerging Chinese social credit system – and, on the other hand, through the specific communicative structures of the social media themselves. It is argued that social media, in the form of a moral authority with a lasting effect on society as a whole, make a significant contribution to realizing the social “lockdown.”Originality/valueThe originality of the paper results from the fact that the emergence of a new social phenomenon (“lockdown”) is explained.
Surface energetic-based analytical filling time model for flip-chip underfill process
Authors: Ng Fei Chong , Abas Mohamad Aizat 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to present new analytical model for the filling times prediction in flip-chip underfill encapsulation process that is based on the surface energetic for post-bump flow.

Design/methodology/approach
The current model was formulated based on the modified regional segregation approach that consists of bump and post-bump regions. Both the expansion flow and the subsequent bumpless flow as integrated in the post-bump region were modelled considering the surface energy–work balance.

Findings
Upon validated with the past underfill experiment, the current model has the lowest root mean square deviation of 4.94 s and maximum individual deviation of 26.07%, upon compared to the six other past analytical models. Additionally, the current analytically predicted flow isolines at post-bump region are in line with the experimental observation. Furthermore, the current analytical filling times in post-bump region are in better consensus with the experimental times as compared to the previous model. Therefore, this model is regarded as an improvised version of the past filling time models.

Practical implications
The proposed analytical model enables the filling time determination for flip-chip underfill process at higher accuracy, while providing more precise and realistic post-bump flow visualization. This model could benefit the future underfill process enhancement and package design optimization works, to resolve the productivity issue of prolonged filling process.

Originality/value
The analytical underfill studies are scarce, with only seven independent analytical filling time models being developed to date. In particular, the expansion flow of detachment jump was being considered in only two previous works. Nonetheless, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no analytical model that considered the surface energies during the underfill flow or based on its energy–work balance. Instead, the previous modelling on post-bump flow was based on either kinematic or geometrical that is coupled with major assumptions.
The Conservative Nation Redivivus?
Authors: Norton Philip 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the relationship between Andrew Gamble's study of the Conservative nation and his more recent advocacy of a social democratic constitution. It argues that the former—the nature of the Conservative Party, mobilising support successfully—may serve to prevent the realisation of the latter, the Conservative view of the constitution prevailing over pressures for a new constitutional settlement for the United Kingdom. Whereas the analysis of the Conservative nation is grounded in, and can only be understood by reference to, an appreciation of political realities, the approach to constitutional change embraced by Gamble is largely apolitical, concerned primarily with ends to the neglect of means.
Assessment of butylparaben (4‐hydroxybenzoic acid butyl ester)‐assisted heat treatment against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in meat and bone meal
Authors: Ding Qiao , Ge Chongtao , Baker Robert C. , Buchanan Robert L. , Tikekar Rohan V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHeat‐resistant foodborne pathogens have been a concern in low‐moisture foods and ingredients (LMFs). Due to low thermal conductivity of low moisture materials, thermal treatment is not efficient and may cause nutritional loss. This study investigated the enhancement of thermal treatment of meat and bone meal (MBM) at low water activity (aw) by inclusion of butylparaben (BP) as a model antimicrobial compound. Stationary phase Escherichia coli O157:H7 (Shiga toxin‐negative) or Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium was inoculated into MBM containing 0–2000 ppm BP and incubated at 55 or 60°C for up to 5 hr. A biphasic inactivation pattern was observed for both pathogens, indicating existence of potentially thermal resistant subpopulations. Addition of 1000 ppm BP to MBM (aw = 0.4) significantly lowered the D‐value at 55°C for E. coli O157:H7 (2.6 ± 0.5 hr) compared to thermal treatment alone (5.1 ± 0.6 h) during the treatment after the first 1 hr (p < 0.05), indicating that addition of BP accelerated the inactivation of thermal‐resistant subpopulation of E. coli O157:H7 in MBM. Interestingly, similar enhancement in thermal inactivation upon addition of BP was not observed in either the sensitive or resistant subpopulation of S. Typhimurium at aw of 0.4 or 0.7, which is likely caused by the higher thermal resistance developed by S. Typhimurium within a low aw environment (aw < 0.85). These results suggest that addition of certain antimicrobial compounds can improve the thermal processing efficiency in LMFs, while their efficiency against different pathogens may vary.Practical ApplicationAddition of appropriate food‐grade compounds may help to improve thermal treatment efficiency in low moisture foods with varied efficiency against different pathogens. This approach has the potential to reduce the required heat treatment intensity while minimizing food safety risk.
Effect of pulsed electric field treatment on the kinetics of rehydration, textural properties, and the extraction of intracellular compounds of dried chickpeas
Authors: Andreou Varvara , Sigala Aikaterini , Limnaios Athanasios , Dimopoulos George , Taoukis Petros 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) pretreatment on rehydration kinetics, firmness, and release of intracellular components of dried chickpeas during rehydration at 35 to 65°C. After soaking preconditioning, chickpeas were subjected to PEF treatments (2.5 and 3.3 kV/cm, 0.2 to 12.0 kJ/kg, 15 µs pulse width, 20 Hz frequency). PEF treated and untreated chickpeas were dried in crossflow air dryer and their rehydration at constant seed/water ratio of 1:5 was studied for 24 hr. During rehydration, moisture, firmness, and concentration of released proteins, carbohydrates and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) were determined and described using appropriate mathematical models. PEF treatment led to up to 70% higher rehydration rates of dried chickpeas. This increase corresponds to rehydration time of approximately 1.5 hr, as opposed to 5 hr for untreated samples. Firmness of PEF treated chickpeas (for energy inputs higher than 3 kJ/kg) during rehydration decreased up to 30% compared to untreated samples. The firmness of untreated samples after 300 min of rehydration was achieved at much shorter times (up to 30 min) for PEF treated samples. At the end of 300 min of rehydration, more than 47.7%, 76.1%, and 86.6% of total raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose, respectively has been extracted, but only 0.03% of nutritionally valuable proteins from PEF treated chickpeas. Consequently, this study demonstrates that PEF processing could be implemented in dried chickpeas processing as pretreatment, for the reduction of rehydration time prior to cooking and of intestinal discomfort caused by RFO.
Pseudocirrhosis caused by lung adenocarcinoma with diffuse liver metastasis: An autopsy case report
Authors: Nakano Sachiko , Suzuki Tsukasa , Takase Yoshiaki , Ito Masashi , Osaki Takashi , Yoshii Akihiro , Terauchi Takashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe describe a rare case of a 64‐year‐old man with lung adenocarcinoma with lymph node and bone metastases who developed pseudocirrhosis. Initial examination revealed a hepatic disorder of unknown cause with narrowing of the portal vein and a low‐density area surrounding the portal veins in computed tomography (CT) imaging. Diffuse liver metastasis was diagnosed after percutaneous liver biopsy. During chemotherapy, liver atrophy and irregular liver surface appearance were confirmed with CT. Eventually, the disease progressed to death, and an autopsy was performed. The autopsy demonstrated exacerbation of diffuse liver metastases and cirrhosis‐like findings.
Tensor envelope mixture model for simultaneous clustering and multiway dimension reduction
Authors: Deng Kai , Zhang Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the form of multidimensional arrays, tensor data have become increasingly prevalent in modern scientific studies and biomedical applications such as computational biology, brain imaging analysis, and process monitoring system. These data are intrinsically heterogeneous with complex dependencies and structure. Therefore, ad‐hoc dimension reduction methods on tensor data may lack statistical efficiency and can obscure essential findings. Model‐based clustering is a cornerstone of multivariate statistics and unsupervised learning; however, existing methods and algorithms are not designed for tensor‐variate samples. In this article, we propose a tensor envelope mixture model (TEMM) for simultaneous clustering and multiway dimension reduction of tensor data. TEMM incorporates tensor‐structure‐preserving dimension reduction into mixture modeling and drastically reduces the number of free parameters and estimative variability. An expectation‐maximization‐type algorithm is developed to obtain likelihood‐based estimators of the cluster means and covariances, which are jointly parameterized and constrained onto a series of lower dimensional subspaces known as the tensor envelopes. We demonstrate the encouraging empirical performance of the proposed method in extensive simulation studies and a real data application in comparison with existing vector and tensor clustering methods.