bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrification and Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women in India
Authors: Sedai Ashish Kumar , Nepal Rabindra , Jamasb Tooraj 
Published: March 2021

This study moves beyond the consensus of counting electrified households as a measure of progress in gender energy parity. Using the India Human Development Survey, we examine the effect of reliability of electrification on empowerment of women in terms of economic autonomy, agency, mobility and decision-making abilities, underscoring the labor market and respite effects of service reliability. We develop a comprehensive set of empowerment indices using principal component analysis and assess the causal effects of power outages on the indices with instrumental variable regressions while controlling for individual, household, district and caste characteristics. Results show that reliability of electricity lias significant positive effects on all empowerment indices and improves women’s labor market outcomes, however, the effects differ at the margin of deficiency, location, living standards and education. The study recommends policy focus on electrification from a gendered lens for cost-effective solutions.
Postoperative Opioid-Prescribing Practice in Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Brooks Brandon M. , Brooks Bradley M. , Brooks Brady M. , Fleischer Adam E. , Smith Robert G. , Albright Rachel H. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Approximately 3,900 Americans die every month of opioid overdose. The total economic burden of the opioid epidemic is estimated to be more than $78 billion annually. We sought to determine whether postoperative opioid-prescribing practice variation exists in foot and ankle surgery.
Methods: We administered a voluntary, anonymous, online questionnaire consisting of six foot and ankle surgery scenarios followed by a demographics section. The purpose of the demographics section was to gather characteristics of podiatric foot and ankle surgeons. We invited podiatric foot and ankle surgeons practicing in the United States to complete the questionnaire via e-mail from the American Podiatric Medical Association’s membership list. For each scenario, respondents selected the postoperative opioid(s) that they would prescribe at the time of surgery, as well as the dose, frequency, and number of “pills” (dosage units). We developed multiple linear regression models to identify associations between prescriber characteristics and two measures of opioid quantity: dosage units and morphine milligram equivalents.
Results: Eight hundred sixty podiatric foot and ankle surgeons completed the survey. The median number of dosage units never exceeded 30 regardless of the foot and ankle surgery. Years in practice correlated with reduction in dosage units at the time of surgery. Compared with the orthopedic community, podiatric foot and ankle surgeons prescribe approximately 25% less dosage units than orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons.
Conclusions: Postoperative opioid-prescribing practice variation exists in foot and ankle surgery. Further research is warranted to determine whether additional education is needed for young surgeons.
A Review of Emerging Dual‐Ion Batteries: Fundamentals and Recent Advances
Authors: Zhang Luojiang , Wang Haitao , Zhang Xiaoming , Tang Yongbing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDual‐ion batteries (DIBs), based on the working mechanism involving the storage of cations and anions separately in the anode and cathode during the charging/discharging process, are of great interest beyond lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in high‐efficiency energy storage due to the merits of high working voltage, material availability, as well as low cost and excellent safety. Despite the progress achieved, the practical applications of DIBs are still hindered by negative issues, such as limited capacity and cyclic stability, which triggers the development of suitable electrode materials with highly reversible capacities, and corresponding electrolytes with high oxidative stability as well as sufficient reaction kinetics of active ions. Herein, in this article, a systematic and comprehensive review of fundamentals and recent advances in current DIBs with subcategories of cathode materials, anode materials, and electrolytes are presented. In particular, their energy storage mechanisms, as well as their respective features, are dissected. Furthermore, some strategies and perspectives are proposed for facilitating the further development of DIBs in the future.
Development of Conformable Substrates for OLEDs Using Highly Transparent Bacterial Cellulose Modified with Recycled Polystyrene
Authors: Cebrian Ariane V. S. , Carvalho Rafael S. , Barreto Arthur R. J. , Maturi Fernando E. , Barud Hernane S. , Silva Robson R. , Legnani Cristiano , Cremona Marco , Ribeiro Sidney J. L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBacterial cellulose (BC) is a biocompatible and nontoxic biopolymer that has been successfully used as a substrate for flexible organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Although BC membranes exhibit excellent mechanical properties and industrial scalability, they are semitransparent, which limits their performance. To improve the optical properties of BC membranes, methods such as the polymerization of different inorganic–organic hybrid materials and petrochemical derivative monomers have been considered; however, these methods require considerable time and effort. In this work, transparent BC membranes for conformable OLEDs substrates are fabricated by spray coating a solution of recycled petrochemical plastics, found in expanded foam package wastes, and d‐limonene, which is a green solvent extracted from orange peels. This fabrication approach is highly scalable and can be considered a sustainable technique to develop high performance transparent substrates for photonic applications based on both recovered petrochemical polymers and naturally occurring biopolymers. In terms of the morphological and structural properties, the resulting transparent membranes exhibit a lower roughness than pristine BC. The resulting BC‐PS composite is used as a substrate for OLED fabrication. The conformable OLEDs exhibit a current efficiency of up to 5 cd A−1 (16 000 cd m−2) and power density of ≈2.8 mW cm−2.
Media on‐demand: Continuous reconstitution of a chemically defined media directly from solids
Authors: Komuczki Daniel , Dutra Gregory , Gstöttner Christoph , Dominguez‐Vega Elena , Jungbauer Alois , Satzer Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChemically defined media are reconstituted batchwise and stored in hold tanks until use. To avoid large hold tanks and batchwise production of media, we developed continuous on‐demand reconstitutions directly from solids consisting of a hopper and a screw conveyor capable of feeding dry powdered media with the required precision ±5% at low dosing rates of 0.171 g min−1. A commercially available dry powdered cell culture medium was continuously fed over a duration of 12 h into a mixer which was connected to a UV‐cell for monitoring and the media were compared to a batchwise production. A comparable amino acid, carbohydrate, and osmolality profile to a batchwise reconstitution could be obtained. Cell cultivation showed comparable performance of batch and continuous reconstitution for two CHO cell lines producing the antibodies adalimumab and trastuzumab on a small and benchtop scale. In‐depth analysis of the produced antibodies showed the same glycosylation pattern, other posttranslational profiles such as methionine oxidation and deamidation compared to batchwise reconstitution. Therefore, we conclude a continuous reconstitution of the medium results in the same quality of the product. A continuous on‐demand media reconstitution will impact the supply chain and significantly reduce the floor space necessary for preparation and storage.
Smoking and heart failure: a Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis
Authors: Lu Yunlong , Xu Zhouming , Georgakis Marios K. , Wang Zhen , Lin Hefeng , Zheng Liangrong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsWe performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate the associations of ever smoking, lifelong smoking duration, and smoking cessation with heart failure (HF) risk.Methods and resultsWe extracted genetic variants associated with smoking initiation, age at initiation of regular smoking, cigarettes per day, and smoking cessation from the genome‐wide association study and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (1.2 million individuals), as well as a composite lifetime smoking index from the UK Biobank (462 690 individuals). The associations between smoking phenotypes and HF were explored in the Heart Failure Molecular Epidemiology for Therapeutic Targets Consortium (47 309 cases; 930 014 controls) employing inverse variance‐weighted meta‐analysis and multivariable MR. The mediation effects of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation on smoking–HF risk were explored using mediation analysis. The odds ratios (ORs) for HF were 1.28 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–1.36; P = 1.5 × 10−18] for ever regular smokers compared with never smokers and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09–1.44; P = 1.6 × 10−3) for current smokers vs. former smokers. Genetic liability to smoking more cigarettes per day (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.20–1.58; P = 6.4 × 10−6) and a higher composite lifetime smoking index (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.31–1.70; P = 2.5 × 10−9) were associated with a higher risk of HF. The results were robust and consistent in all sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR after adjusting for HF risk factors, and their associations were independent of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation.ConclusionsGenetic liability to ever smoking and a higher lifetime smoking burden are associated with a higher risk of HF.
Risk stratification with echocardiographic biomarkers in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the media echo score
Authors: Huttin Olivier , Fraser Alan G. , Lund Lars H. , Donal Erwan , Linde Cecilia , Kobayashi Masatake , Erdei Tamas , Machu Jean‐Loup , Duarte Kevin , Rossignol Patrick , Paulus Walter , Zannad Faiez , Girerd Nicolas ,   MEDIA and KaRen investigators
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsEchocardiographic predictors of outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have not been systematically or independently validated. We aimed at identifying echocardiographic predictors of cardiovascular events in a large cohort of patients with HFpEF and to validate these in an independent large cohort.Methods and resultsWe assessed the association between echocardiographic parameters and cardiovascular outcomes in 515 patients with heart failure with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (>50%) in the MEtabolic Road to DIAstolic Heart Failure (MEDIA) multicentre study. We validated out findings in 286 patients from the Karolinska‐Rennes Prospective Study of HFpEF (KaRen). After multiple adjustments including N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), the significant predictors of death or cardiovascular hospitalization were pulmonary arterial systolic pressure > 40 mmHg, respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter > 0.5, E/e' > 9, and lateral mitral annular s' < 7 cm/s. The combination of these four variables differentiated patients with <10% vs. >35% 1 year risk. Adding these four echocardiographic variables on top of clinical variables and NT‐proBNP yielded significant net reclassification improvement (33.8%, P < 0.0001) and increase in C‐index (5.3%, a change from 72.2% to 77.5%, P = 0.015) of similar magnitude as the addition of NT‐proBNP on top of clinical variables alone. In the KaRen cohort, these four variables yielded a similar improvement in net reclassification improvement (22.3%, P = 0.014) and C‐index (4.0%, P = 0.029).ConclusionsUse of four simple echocardiographic parameters (within the MEDIA echo score), indicative of pulmonary hypertension, elevated central venous pressure, LV diastolic dysfunction, and LV long‐axis systolic dysfunction, independently predicted prognosis and improved risk stratification additionally to clinical variables and NT‐proBNP in HFpEF. This finding was validated in an independent cohort.
Pediatric asthma control during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ferraro Valentina Agnese , Zamunaro Andrea , Spaggiari Silvia , Di Riso Daniela , Zanconato Stefania , Carraro Silvia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe lockdown imposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a completely different style of life with possible effects on the attitude toward their disease in patients with chronic lung disease, such as asthma. The aim of our study was to investigate in asthmatic children the level of asthma control and the maintenance therapy used during the lockdown.MethodsAmong asthmatic children attending our clinic, we identified those who had been prescribed the same therapy in March‐April 2019 and March‐April 2020. The level of asthma control (GINA‐score) and the maintenance therapy used during the lockdown (March‐April 2020) were compared with those of March‐April 2019. We separately analyzed a small group of children with severe asthma treated with Omalizumab during the lockdown.ResultsWe enrolled 92 asthmatic children (67 males). Compared to 2019, in 2020 a higher proportion of children modified their maintenance therapy (38% vs. 15.2%, p < .001), with a significant increase in both the proportion of children who increased (p = .033) and in that of children who decreased their therapy (p = .026). The level of control resulted as significantly higher in 2020 (March p = .023; April p = .007). Also, the 13 children treated with Omalizumab showed a good level of control in 2020.ConclusionsIn asthmatic children, the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown had a significant impact on their asthma control and on their attitude toward maintenance therapy.
Application of spore morphology to solve identification problems in certain species of family Dryopteridaceae from Malakand Division, Pakistan
Authors: Shah Syed N. , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Hadi Fazal , Khan Muhammad N. , Noor Adil , Malik Khafsa , Rashid Neelam , Kamal Asif , Iqbal Majid , Hussain Murtaza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere we investigate the morphology of the spores of 12 native taxa of Dryopteridaceae that grow in Malakand division, Pakistan; most of these species not fully described before. This study intends to survey the taxonomic significance of spore morphological features and their variation useful for species identification in 7 species of Polystichum and 5 taxa of Dryopteris. The spores examinations were accomplished utilizing a light microscope (LM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The spores are monolete, medium‐sized, with variable shapes in both equatorial and polar views. The mean estimation of equatorial diameter ranging from 28.3 to 58.3 μm and the polar diameter varied from 27.6 to 45.8 μm. The exospore thickness ranges between 1.6 to 3.8 μm, and the thickness of perispore is 0.8–6.7 μm. The perispore is perforated, ornamentation elements occur in different ways in the studied taxa of Polystichum. In investigated Dryopteris taxa, rugate perispore type is found. Results of multivariate statistical analysis (UPGMA, and PCA) established on quantitative and qualitative morphological traits of spores demonstrate that the species form distinct groups, not reflecting any phylogenetic relationships. A key to the spores types is provided for species identification, which dependent on the diagnostic characters of spores. The results of this study indicate that variation of spore morphological traits; in particular, the ornamentation and perispore characteristics, which is surface texture, have diagnostic value at the species level. Our data will help in the identification of spores of the family Dryopteridaceae in palynological and taxonomic studies.
Single‐Mode Lasing from a Single 7 nm Thick Monolayer of Colloidal Quantum Wells in a Monolithic Microcavity
Authors: Foroutan‐Barenji Sina , Erdem Onur , Delikanli Savas , Yagci Huseyin Bilge , Gheshlaghi Negar , Altintas Yemliha , Demir Hilmi Volkan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, monolithically‐fabricated vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) of densely‐packed, orientation‐controlled, atomically flat colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) using a self‐assembly method is reported and single‐mode lasing from a record thin colloidal gain medium with a film thickness of 7 nm under femtosecond optical excitation is demonstrated. Specially engineered CQWs are used to demonstrate these hybrid CQW‐VCSELs consisting of only a few layers to a single monolayer of CQWs and are achieved the lasing from these thin gain media by thoroughly modeling and implementing a vertical cavity consisting of distributed Bragg reflectors with an additional dielectric layer for mode tuning. Accurate spectral and spatial alignment of the cavity mode with the CQW films is secured with the help of full electromagnetic computations. While overcoming the long‐pending problem of limited electrical conductivity in thicker colloidal films, such ultrathin colloidal gain media can be helpful to enable fully electrically‐driven colloidal lasers.
Post‐transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders After Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study Including 1954 Transplants
Authors: Tajima Tetsuya , Hata Koichiro , Haga Hironori , Nishikori Momoko , Umeda Katsutsugu , Kusakabe Jiro , Miyauchi Hidetaka , Okamoto Tatsuya , Ogawa Eri , Sonoda Mari , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Fujimoto Masakazu , Okajima Hideaki , Takita Junko , Takaori‐Kondo Akifumi , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: March 2021

Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are life‐threatening neoplasms after organ transplantation. Because of their rarity and multiple grades of malignancy, the incidence, outcomes, and clinicopathological features affecting patient survival after liver transplantation (LT) remain unclear. We reviewed 1954 LTs in 1849 recipients (1990‐2020), including 886 pediatric (<18 years of age) and 963 adult recipients. The following clinicopathological factors were studied: age, sex, liver etiologies, malignancy grades, Epstein‐Barr virus status, performance status (PS), Ann Arbor stage, international prognostic index, and histopathological diagnosis. Of 1849 recipients, 79 PTLD lesions (4.3%) were identified in 70 patients (3.8%). After excluding 3 autopsy cases incidentally found, 67 (45 pediatric [5.1%] and 22 adult [2.3%]) patients were finally enrolled. Comorbid PTLDs significantly worsened recipient survival compared with non‐complicated cases (P < 0.001). The 3‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year overall survival rates after PTLD diagnosis were 74%, 66%, and 58%, respectively. The incidence of PTLDs after LT (LT‐PTLDs) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) with earlier onset (P = 0.002) in children, whereas patient survival was significantly worse in adults (P = 0.002). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the following 3 prognostic factors: age at PTLD diagnosis ≥18 years (hazard ratio [HR], 11.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.63‐47.4; P = 0.001), PS ≥2 at diagnosis (HR, 6.77; 95% CI, 1.56‐29.3; P = 0.01), and monomorphic type (HR, 6.78; 95% CI, 1.40‐32.9; P = 0.02). A prognostic index, the “LT‐PTLD score,” that consists of these 3 factors effectively stratified patient survival and progression‐free survival (P = 0.003 and <0.001, respectively). In conclusion, comorbid PTLDs significantly worsened patient survival after LT. Age ≥18 years and PS ≥2 at PTLD diagnosis, and monomorphic type are independent prognostic factors, and the LT‐PTLD score that consists of these 3 factors may distinguish high‐risk cases and guide adequate interventions.
Synthesis of cucurbit[6]uril pendent upper critical solution temperature type copolymers: self‐assembly and multi‐stimuli‐responsive behavior
Authors: Li Yanli , Yang YeFang , Pei Xinqi , Li Yu , Yuan Yuhui , Huang Xiaoling 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCucurbit[6]uril‐derivatized vinyl monomer (cucurbit[6]uril methacrylate) was synthesized. Acrylic acid (AA) was used as the comonomer for copolymerization with the cucurbit[6]uril‐derivatized monomer. A series of copolymers of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐cucurbit[6]uril methacrylate) (PAA‐co‐CB[6]MA) were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The cucurbit[6]uril‐derivatized monomer and PAA‐co‐CB[6]MA copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR spectra, high‐resolution mass spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The solution behavior was examined using UV–visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The PAA‐co‐CB[6]MA showed an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in water. The UCST‐type thermoresponsive behavior of these CB[6]‐derivatized copolymers was highly dependent on the composition of the copolymer. For the same type of copolymer, changes in its composition gave rise to different UCSTs. Additionally, the PAA‐co‐CB[6]MA copolymers were successful in trapping azocarmine B. The stimuli‐responsive release of encapsulated azocarmine B was achieved by a combination of temperature and pH value stimuli. According to the results, the novel PAA‐co‐CB[6]MA copolymers can be used as carriers. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Fabrication of PEGylated porphyrin/reduced graphene oxide/doxorubicin nanoplatform for tumour combination therapy
Authors: Ma Weiqian , Yang Huailin , Hu Yanfang , Chen Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn cancer treatment, combination therapy has been considered as an attractive strategy to lower side effects and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we fabricated a kind of reduced‐graphene‐oxide‐based drug delivery system for combination therapy, in which reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as photothermal agent and drug carrier was modified by PEGylated (PEG, polyethylene glycol) tetrahydroxyphenyl porphyrin (THPPEG) via a π–π stacking interaction. The obtained rGO/THPPEG not only showed good biocompatibility and water solubility, but also realized the combination of photothermal therapy with photodynamic therapy. The rGO/THPPEG nanoparticles with stable nanosize were demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, TEM images and dynamic light scattering. To verify the feasibility of delivering drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) was chosen to prepare rGO/THPPEG/DOX, realizing synergetic photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy. The data of in vitro experiments indicated that rGO/THPPEG/DOX could obviously inhibit tumour growth, outlining the significant potential for future cancer treatment. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
A Synthesis of Quantitative Research on Programs for Struggling Readers in Elementary Schools
Authors: Neitzel Amanda J. , Lake Cynthia , Pellegrini Marta , Slavin Robert E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, we review research on the outcomes of diverse reading programs on the achievement of struggling readers in elementary schools. Sixty‐five studies of 51 different programs met rigorous standards. Eighty‐three percent were randomized experiments and 17% quasi‐experiments. Outcomes were positive for one‐to‐one tutoring and were positive but not as large for one‐to‐small group tutoring. There were no differences in outcomes between teachers and teaching assistants as tutors. Whole‐class approaches (mostly cooperative learning) and whole‐class/whole‐school approaches incorporating tutoring for struggling readers obtained outcomes for struggling readers as large as those found for all forms of tutoring, on average, and benefited many more students. Technology‐supported adaptive instruction did not have statistically significant positive outcomes for struggling readers, however. In agreement with findings of previous reviews, in this synthesis, we found that substantial impacts can be obtained for struggling readers, with interventions aligned within a Response to Intervention network.