bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Different Forms of Orange Juice on Dental Plaque Ph
Authors: Pavani Bellamkonda , Dev D. S. Monica , Selvakumar Mirnalini , Mali Tejaswi , Madhumidha M. , Logeswari R. 
Published: December 2021

Aim: To study the acidogenic response in human dental plaque in vivo with fresh orange juice compared to orange fruit drink with no added sugar and regular orange fruit drink that were currently available in the market.
Materials and Methods: Ninety subjects aged 18-30 years were allocated randomly into 3 groups. 10 ml of each experimental drink was given to the subjects in each group and instructed to keep in mouth for 2 minutes before swallowing. Intrinsic pH of the test drinks was measured by the Digital pH meter. Plaque pH was measured at the baseline, immediately after consumption and at 1,15 and 30minutes post consumption.
Result: Inter group comparison by ANOVA showed significant difference among mean pH values and time intervals. There was significant drop in plaque pH in all the three groups after 1minute. Tropicana group showed drop in pH even after 30 minutes while in other two groups, pH returned to initial levels at the end of 30minutes.
Conclusion: The results of our study showed that, plaque pH dropped rapidly after 1 minute of consumption of all the three fruit juices. Plaque pH returned to initial levels in two groups while in tropicana group, it declined.
Mechanical and medical imaging properties of 3D‐printed materials as tissue equivalent materials
Authors: Ma Depeng , Gao Ronghui , Li Minghui , Qiu Jianfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThree materials of polylactic acid (PLA), polyamide 12 (PA12), and light curing resin (LCR) were used to construct phantom using 3D printing technology. The mechanical and medical imaging properties of the three materials, such as elastic modulus, density, effective atomic number, X‐ray attenuation coefficient, computed tomography (CT) number, and acoustic properties, were investigated. The results showed that the elastic modulus for PLA was 1.98 × 103 MPa, for PA12 was 848 MPa, for LCR was 1.18×103 MPa, and that of three materials was close to some bones. In the range of 40∼120 kV, the X‐ray attenuation coefficient of three materials decreased with increasing tube voltage. The CT number for PLA, PA12, and LCR was 144, −88, and 312 Hounsfield units at 120 kV tube voltage, respectively. The density and the effective atomic number product (ρ*Zeff) were computed from three materials and decreased in the order of LCR, PLA, and PA12. The acoustic properties of materials were also studied. The speeds of sound of three materials were similar with those of some soft tissues.
Cancer in Anti‐Neutrophil Cytoplasm Antibody‐Associated Vasculitis and Polyarteritis Nodosa in Australia: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Tieu Joanna , Lester Susan , Raymond Warren , Keen Helen , Hill Catherine L. , Nossent Johannes 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThe study objective was to compare incident cancer rates among patients with anti‐neutrophil cytoplasm antibody‐associated vasculitis (AAV) and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) in Western Australia (WA) with the general population and perform time‐varying analyses to identify periods with greatest excess cancers.MethodsAdministrative health data from patients hospitalized with incident AAV/PAN from 1980 to 2014 were linked to the WA cancer registry, which holds compulsorily reported cancer data (excluding skin squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas). Incident cancer rates in patients with AAV/PAN were compared with age‐, sex‐, and calendar‐year‐matched WA population rates.ResultsPatients with AAV/PAN had higher overall rates of incident cancer compared with the matched population (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42‐2.10). In subgroup analyses, incident cancer rates in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis/eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis were approximately double the general population (SIR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.73‐2.78) but similar to the general population in patients with microscopic polyangiitis/PAN (SIR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.85‐1.68). Patients with AAV/PAN had higher rates of genitourinary, skin, hematological, and lung cancers. Excess rates of hematological and lung cancers peaked early after diagnosis, whereas excess skin and genitourinary cancer rates peaked at 5 and 10 years, respectively.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of long‐term cancer surveillance in patients with AAV/PAN and defines time frames of excess risk for specific cancers, which may help inform guidance on cancer screening. Furthermore, it indicates the need for skin surveillance for melanoma in addition to nonmelanoma skin cancers in patients who have greater environmental ultraviolet exposure, such as in Australia.
Toward Exotic Layered Materials: 2D Cuprous Iodide
Authors: Mustonen Kimmo , Hofer Christoph , Kotrusz Peter , Markevich Alexander , Hulman Martin , Mangler Clemens , Susi Toma , Pennycook Timothy J. , Hricovini Karol , Richter Christine , Meyer Jannik C. , Kotakoski Jani , Skákalová Viera 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeterostructures composed of 2D materials are already opening many new possibilities in such fields of technology as electronics and magnonics, but far more could be achieved if the number and diversity of 2D materials were increased. So far, only a few dozen 2D crystals have been extracted from materials that exhibit a layered phase in ambient conditions, omitting entirely the large number of layered materials that may exist at other temperatures and pressures. This work demonstrates how such structures can be stabilized in 2D van der Waals (vdw) stacks under room temperature via growing them directly in graphene encapsulation by using graphene oxide as the template material. Specifically, an ambient stable 2D structure of copper and iodine, a material that normally only occurs in layered form at elevated temperatures between 645 and 675 K, is produced. The results establish a simple route to the production of more exotic phases of materials that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to stabilize for experiments in ambient.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride‐Based Photocatalysts for Biological Applications
Authors: Che Shuya , Zhang Lei , Wang Tianyi , Su Dawei , Wang Chengyin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetal‐free graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) as a newly emerging nanomaterial has been employed in the biomedical field because of its special optical and electrical characterizations. This review summarizes diverse methods for preparing g‐C3N4‐based materials, and discusses contemporary advancements in biosensors, photocatalytic sterilization, photodynamic therapy, drug carrier, and biological imaging. The biosafety and toxicity evaluations of g‐C3N4‐based materials are discussed as well. The review ends with an overview and several insights on the challenges and opportunities of g‐C3N4‐based nanomaterials in this burgeoning field. This review is expected to provide inspiration for developing future g‐C3N4‐based materials for the biomedical applications.
Gradient‐Structuring Manipulation in Ni3S2 Layer Boosts Solar Hydrogen Production of Si Photocathode in Alkaline Media
Authors: Chen Cong , Wang Yongjie , Nie Chengming , Shen Junxia , Wei Zhihe , Zou Shuai , Su Xiaodong , Fan Ronglei , Peng Yang , Shen Mingrong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing silicon as a photocathode has long been considered as an ideal pathway toward cost‐effective photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar hydrogen production. However, the trade‐off between charge transfer efficiency and stability severely restricts the practical application of Si‐based PEC devices in alkaline media. Herein, a facile thermo‐electrodeposition process to integrate a gradient‐structuring Ni3S2 (G‐Ni3SxO2−x) layer to simultaneously protect and act as a catalyst in Si photocathodes in alkaline solutions is reported. The G‐Ni3SxO2−x layer not only provides abundant active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction but also promotes the charge separation and transport and mass transfer. Consequently, the as‐fabricated Si photocathodes exhibit an excellent PEC activity under simulated AM1.5G illumination with a high onset potential of 0.39 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a photocurrent density of −33.8 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus RHE, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art p‐Si based photocathodes. Moreover, the G‐Ni3SxO2−x layer possesses a good interfacial contact with the Si substrate with negligible stress at the G‐Ni3SxO2−x/Si interface, affording a good durability of over 120 h at >30 mA cm−2 in alkaline media. This gradient‐structuring strategy paves new way for engineering highly efficient and durable PEC devices.
Organic fluorophores that emit ultraviolet light in the aggregated state
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Sakurai Tsuneaki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUltraviolet (UV)‐emissive organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted growing attention as future UV‐lighting sources following UV‐LED. The design and development of highly efficient UV‐emissive organic solids are essential for the advancement of UV‐OLEDs. Reviewed herein are organic small molecules and polymers that exhibit UV emission in the aggregated state such as crystal, powder, and amorphous film. The UV‐emissive molecules are in principle limited to those whose photoluminescence (PL) maxima are less than 400 nm and whose PL quantum yields in the aggregated state, which are useful for evaluating the potential of solid‐state emitters, are reported. In cases that electroluminescence (EL) studies are demonstrated, the emission maxima and external quantum efficiencies with the device structures are also shown. Some exceptions are also included whose PL quantum yields are not reported, but UV‐EL with an emission maximum of less than 400 nm is demonstrated.
Linking howler monkey ranging and defecation patterns to primary and secondary seed dispersal
Authors: Fuzessy Lisieux , Sobral Gisela , Culot Laurence 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo define the chances of a dispersed seed to produce a new recruit, it is essential to consider all stages of the dispersal process. Howler monkeys are recognized to have positive impacts on forest regeneration, acting as primary dispersers. Furthermore, dung beetles attracted to their feces protect the seeds against predators, and provide a better microenvironment for germination due to the removal of fecal matter, to seed burial, and/or by reducing the spatial aggregation of seeds in fecal clumps. Despite the recognized positive effects of primary seed dispersal through defecation by howler monkeys for plant recruitment, there are some important aspects of their behavior, such as the habit of defecating in latrines, that remain to be explored. Here, we investigated the fate of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seeds defecated by brown howlers, Alouatta guariba clamitans, and the secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles, considering how this process is affected by the monkey's defecation patterns. We found that brown howler monkeys dispersed seeds from several species away from fruit‐feeding trees, partly because defecation under the canopy of such trees was not very frequent. Instead, most defecations were associated with latrines under overnight sleeping trees. Despite a very similar dung beetle community attracted to howler feces in latrines and fruit‐feeding sites, seeds were more likely to be buried when deposited in latrines. In addition, C. xanthocarpa seeds showed higher germination and establishment success in latrines, but this positive effect was not due to the presence of fecal matter surrounding seeds. Our results highlight that A. guariba clamitans acts as a legitimate seed disperser of C. xanthocarpa seeds in a preserved context of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and that defecations in latrines increase the dispersal effectiveness.
Mechanochemical Solvent‐Free Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Amides via Highly Chemoselective N−C Cleavage
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhang Pei , Shao Lei , Wang Ruihong , Ma Yangmin , Szostak Michal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough cross‐coupling reactions of amides by selective N−C cleavage are one of the most powerful and burgeoning areas in organic synthesis due to the ubiquity of amide bonds, the development of mechanochemical, solid‐state methods remains a major challenge. Herein, we report the first mechanochemical strategy for highly chemoselective, solvent‐free palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of amides by N−C bond activation. The method is conducted in the absence of external heating, for short reaction time and shows excellent chemoselectivity for σ N−C bond activation. The reaction shows excellent functional group tolerance and can be applied to late‐stage functionalization of complex APIs and sequential orthogonal cross‐couplings exploiting double solventless solid‐state methods. The results extend mechanochemical reaction environments to advance the chemical repertoire of N−C bond interconversions to solid‐state environmentally friendly mechanochemical methods.
Metallization‐Prompted Robust Porphyrin‐Based Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yin Qi , Alexandrov Eugeny V. , Si Duan‐Hui , Huang Qian‐Qian , Fang Zhi‐Bin , Zhang Yuan , Zhang An‐An , Qin Wei‐Kang , Li Yu‐Lin , Liu Tian‐Fu , Proserpio Davide M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnder topological guidance, the self‐assembly process based on a tetratopic porphyrin synthon results in a hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) with the predicted square layers topology (sql) but unsatisfied stability. Strikingly, simply introducing a transition metal in the porphyrin center does not change the network topology but drastically causes noticeable change on noncovalent interaction, orbital overlap, and molecular geometry, therefore ultimately giving rise to a series of metalloporphyrinic HOFs with high surface area, and excellent stability (intact after being soaked in boiling water, concentrated HCl, and heated to 270 °C). On integrating both photosensitizers and catalytic sites into robust backbones, this series of HOFs can effectively catalyze the photoreduction of CO2 to CO, and their catalytic performances greatly depend on the chelated metal species in the porphyrin centers. This work enriches the library of stable functional HOFs and expands their applications in photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
BOPHY‐Fullerene C60 Dyad as a Photosensitizer for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Gonzalez Lopez Edwin J. , Sarotti Ariel M. , Martínez Sol R. , Macor Lorena P. , Durantini Javier E. , Renfige Melisa , Gervaldo Miguel A. , Otero Luis A. , Durantini Andrés M. , Durantini Edgardo N. , Heredia Daniel A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA novel BOPHY–fullerene C60 dyad (BP‐C60) was designed as a heavy‐atom‐free photosensitizer (PS) with potential uses in photodynamic treatment and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated applications. BP‐C60 consists of a BOPHY fluorophore covalently attached to a C60 moiety through a pyrrolidine ring. The BOPHY core works as a visible‐light‐harvesting antenna, while the fullerene C60 subunit elicits the photodynamic action. This fluorophore–fullerene cycloadduct, obtained by a straightforward synthetic route, was fully characterized and compared with its individual counterparts. The restricted rotation around the single bond connecting the BOPHY and pyrrolidine moieties led to the formation of two atropisomers. Spectroscopic, electrochemical, and computational studies disclose an efficient photoinduced energy/electron transfer process from BOPHY to fullerene C60. Photodynamic studies indicate that BP‐C60 produces ROS by both photomechanisms (type I and type II). Moreover, the dyad exhibits higher ROS production efficiency than its individual constitutional components. Preliminary screening of photodynamic inactivation on bacteria models (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) demonstrated the ability of this dyad to be used as a heavy‐atom‐free PS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that not only a BOPHY–fullerene C60 dyad is reported, but also that a BOPHY derivative is applied to photoinactivate microorganisms. This study lays the foundations for the development of new BOPHY‐based PSs with plausible applications in the medical field.
Automated Quantification of Subcellular Particles in Myogenic Progenitors
Authors: Filippelli Romina L. , Omer Amr , Li Shulei , van Oostende‐Triplet Chloë , Gallouzi Imed E. , Chang Natasha C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool enabling the visualization of protein localization within cells. In this article, we outline an automated and non‐biased way to detect and quantify subcellular particles using immunocytochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, and the program CellProfiler. We discuss the examination of two types of subcellular particles: messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) granules, namely processing bodies and stress granules, and autophagosomes. Fluorescent microscopy Z‐stacks are acquired and deconvolved, and maximum intensity images are generated. The number of subcellular particles per cell is then quantified using the described CellProfiler pipeline. We also explain how to isolate primary myoblast progenitor cells from mice, which were used to obtain the presented results. Last, we discuss the critical parameters to be considered for each of these techniques. Both mRNP granules and autophagosomes play important roles in sequestering intracellular cargo, such as messenger RNAs and RNA‐binding proteins for mRNP granules and cytoplasmic waste for autophagosomes. The methods outlined in this article are widely applicable for studies relating to subcellular particle formation, localization, and flux during homeostasis, following stimuli, and during disease. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Immunofluorescence microscopy of messenger ribonucleoprotein granules in primary myoblastsAlternate Protocol: Immunofluorescence microscopy of autophagosomes in primary myoblastsSupport Protocol: Isolation of primary myoblasts from miceBasic Protocol 2: Automated quantification of subcellular particles
Electron Transport Assisted by Transparent Conductive Oxide Elements in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Wenqi , Lin Zhichao , Cai Qingbin , Xu Xiangning , Dong Hongye , Mu Cheng , Zhang Jian‐Ping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFluorine and indium elements in F‐doped SnO2(FTO) and Sn‐doped In2O3(ITO), respectively, significantly contribute toward enhancing the electrical conductivity of these transparent conductive oxides. In this study, fluorine was combined with indium to modify the SnO2electron transport layer (ETL) through InF3. Consequently, the modified perovskite solar cells (PSCs) showe the favorable alignment of energy levels, improved absorption and utilization of light, enhanced interfacial charge extraction, and suppressed interfacial charge recombination. After InF3modification, the open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of the PSC were significantly improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 21.39 %, far exceeding that of the control PSC (19.62 %).
A comparison and review of the flow cytometric findings in classic Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, T cell/histiocyte rich large B cell lymphoma, and primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Martig Daniel S. , Fromm Jonathan R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe “Hodgkin‐like” lymphomas including classic Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, T cell/histiocyte rich large B cell lymphoma, and primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma have been shown to be pathobiologically related. With the exception of primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma, these lymphomas have similar morphologic growth patterns with occasional neoplastic cells within a prominent reactive cell background. Historically, distinguishing these entities was difficult by flow cytometry; however, over the past 15 years, our laboratory has developed antibody‐fluorochrome combinations capable of accurately distinguishing these entities by their immunoprofile. Additionally, an algorithmic approach based on characterization of the background reactive B‐cell and T‐cell populations can aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis. This review summarizes both the morphologic and immunophenotypic features and the current flow cytometric insights of the neoplastic and reactive populations found in this unique subset of lymphomas.
Cognitive screening with functional assessment improves diagnostic accuracy and attenuates bias
Authors: González David Andrés , Gonzales Mitzi M. , Jennette Kyle J. , Soble Jason R. , Fongang Bernard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionCognitive screening measures often lack sensitivity and are hampered by inequities across ethnoracial groups. A multitrait multimethod (MTMM) classification may attenuate these shortcomings.MethodsA sample of 7227 participants across the diagnostic spectrum were selected from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center cohort. Random forest ensemble methods were used to predict diagnosis across the sample and within Black American (n = 1025) and non‐Hispanic White groups (n = 5263) based on: (1) a demographically corrected Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), (2) MoCA and Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ), (3) MoCA and FAQ with demographic correction.ResultsThe MTMM approach with demographic correction had the highest diagnostic accuracy for the cognitively unimpaired (area under curve [AUC] [95% confidence interval (CI)]): 0.906 [0.892, 0.920]) and mild cognitive impairment (AUC: 0.835 [0.810, 0.860]) groups and reduced racial disparities.DiscussionWith further validation, the MTMM approach combining cognitive screening and functional status assessment may serve to improve diagnostic accuracy and extend opportunities for early intervention with greater equity.
Saudi public primary school teachers' knowledge and beliefs about developmental dyslexia
Authors: Abed Mohaned G. , Shackelford Todd K. 
Published: December 2021

This exploratory research investigates knowledge and beliefs about developmental dyslexia (DD) among public primary school teachers in Saudi Arabia. We explored links between several teacher‐related socio‐demographic variables (e.g., gender, teaching experience, self‐evaluation of teaching children with DD) and knowledge and beliefs about DD. Saudi public primary school teachers (n = 136) completed an online survey that included the knowledge and beliefs about developmental dyslexia scale (KBDDS). The results indicated that KBDDS scores were significantly associated with teaching experience, DD training, and self‐evaluation of teaching children with DD. We address limitations of the current research, note directions for future research, and discuss implications of these results for teacher training and professional development, with special attention to Saudi public primary education.