bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of oral health fatalism in caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hammersmith Kimberly J. , Harlan Taylor A. , Fenning Rachel M. , Chan James , Stephenson Kevin G. , Macklin Eric A. , Casamassimo Paul S. , Townsend Janice A. , Butter Eric M. , Steinberg‐Epstein Robin B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo study correlates of oral health fatalism (OHF) in caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Methods and resultsThis exploratory analysis used baseline data from 118 Medicaid‐eligible families of children with ASD in a multi‐site randomized clinical trial of a parent training intervention supporting home oral hygiene and dental visits. About half (46%) of caregivers agreed with the statement “most children eventually develop dental cavities,” endorsing OHF. Hispanic caregivers more strongly endorsed OHF than non‐Hispanics (cumulative odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2‐4.7,P = .014). Caregivers living alone with children less strongly endorsed OHF than caregivers cohabitating with other adults (cumulative odds ratio = 0.39, 95% CI 0.17‐0.86,P = .019). Multivariable analysis maintained significance of ethnicity (P = .030) but not living situation (P = .052). Additional analyses included demographics, parenting beliefs, and children's oral hygiene and oral health status.ConclusionAbout half the caregivers endorsed OHF, with Hispanic caregivers more strongly endorsing OHF. OHF was not significantly associated with oral health behaviors or status, consistent with emerging literature suggesting fatalism is not necessarily linked to health behavior. Further exploration of OHF correlates in families of children with ASD is needed; ethnicity, living situation, child age, and caries status are of interest.
A scoping review on dental clinic accessibility for people using wheelchairs
Authors: Makansi Nora , Blaizot Alessandra , Vergnes Jean‐Noel , Morris Martin , Rousseau Jacqueline , Bedos Christophe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsWe aimed to explore the scientific literature on accessible dental clinics for wheelchair users. More specifically, we sought out literature addressing how the human environment and physical space shape the dental services of accessible dental clinics.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review (May 2019) in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Avery index of architectural Periodicals (3994 articles). We followed Arksey and O'Malley's recommended procedures; after screening, we retained 17 articles. We performed a critical appraisal, followed by thematic content analyses of extracted data.ResultsThe articles originated mainly from the United States and United Kingdom. Only three reported original research. We illustrated the results within a three‐step dental care pathway cycle. In each step, the interaction between accessibility of the physical and human environments (ie, the layout/design of the clinic and the attitudes and skills of the dental professional, respectively) contributed to the overall accessibility. We also found that empirical evidence on clinics’ accessibility was lacking: many articles resorted to broad “one size fits all” recommendations and fragmented information on accessibility. Finally, the voice of wheelchair users was missing.ConclusionThere are knowledge gaps in terms of dental clinics' accessibility. We thus invite researchers to conduct original studies with dental professionals, wheelchair users, and their caregivers.
Democratic Competition for Rank, Cooperation, and Deception in Small Groups
Authors: Benard Stephen , Barclay Pat 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveStratified groups face at least two obstacles in solving collective action problems and producing public goods. Individuals face temptation to free ride, and high‐ranking group members face incentives to protect their position at the group's expense. We introduce democratic competition for rank as a solution to the problem of cooperation in groups. We argue that democratic competition for high rank creates incentives for cooperation that are absent in nondemocratic groups.MethodsIn a small‐group behavioral experiment, we contrast groups in which individuals compete for a valuable high‐ranking position through democratic elections with groups in which individuals compete for high rank in resource‐based competitions. Groups faceda fluctuating external threat, and group members could invest resources in manipulating the apparent (but not actual) level of this threat.ResultsWe find that democratic groups reward high contributors by electing them to the high‐ranking position at greater rates than low contributors. We also find evidence that individuals in democratic groups contribute more to the public good than individuals in nondemocratic groups. However, high‐ranking individuals in democratic groups exaggerate threats to the group at similar rates to high‐ranking individuals in nondemocratic groups.ConclusionThe findings suggest that democratic competition increases public goods production and overall group efficiency, but does not eliminate—and may exacerbate—individuals' tendency to deceive their peers
Innovation in Financing Energy‐Efficient and Renewable Energy Upgrades: An Evaluation of Property Assessed Clean Energy for California Residences
Authors: Winecoff Ruth , Graff Michelle 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveWe examine whether Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) programs, an innovative financing mechanism using municipal bonds to finance the up‐front cost of household energy conservation projects, reduced conventional energy purchases by residential customers and increased energy generated through residential solar panel and fuel cell installations.MethodsUsing data on municipal bond issuances, electricity and natural gas purchases, and self‐generated energy, we use a difference‐in‐differences design to estimate the effect of PACE bonds issued in California between 2009 and 2017 on purchases and self‐generation.ResultsWe find more residential energy self‐generation in counties with PACE programs. Results are inconclusive for conventional energy purchases, suggesting a possible rebound effect.ConclusionWhile innovative financing mechanisms facilitate access to otherwise prohibitively expensive technologies, governments must consider that behavioral responses may result in lower efficacy than desired and should consider pairing financing tools with instruments that concurrently promote reduced energy consumption.
Nitrous oxide emissions from cassava fields amended with organic and inorganic fertilizers
Authors: Chirinda Ngonidzashe , Trujillo Catalina , Loaiza Sandra , Salazar Sandra , Luna Jorge , Tong Encinas Liz Alexandra , Becerra López Lavalle Luis Augusto , Tran Thierry 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCassava production requires nitrogen (N) inputs to drive processes such as protein synthesis. Nevertheless, N not taken up by cassava roots is subjected to microbial transformation resulting in nitrous oxide (N2O) production, a potent greenhouse gas. The temporal dynamics of soil N is partially influenced by the N source (i.e., organic or inorganic fertilizer) and the synchrony between N supply and demand. This study, which was conducted in Colombia on soils with high organic carbon and phosphorus contents, aimed at monitoring N2O emissions from cassava plots fertilized with organic (49.8 kg N ha‐1 year‐1) or inorganic fertilizers (22.7 kg N ha‐1 year‐1). Although the organic fertilizer (vermicompost) contained more than double the amount of N, cumulative N2O emissions from organic cassava production (1.28 kg N2O‐N ha‐1) were lower than those from inorganic fertilizer‐based cassava production (1.74 kg N2O‐N ha‐1) system. This finding indicates that, if crop yields can be maintained, there is potential to reduce cassava production's environmental impact through organic fertilization on highly fertile soils. However, a transition to organic fertilization depends on the availability of sufficient amounts of organic fertilizers at the farm level. The N2O emissions in this study were higher than those predicted using the default IPCC emission factor, which confirmed the relevance of using country or regional specific emissions factors.
Early plant height: A defining factor for yields of silage maize with contrasting phosphorus supply
Authors: Pedersen Ingeborg Frøsig , Christensen Julie Therese , Sørensen Peter , Christensen Bent T. , Holton Rubæk Gitte 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSilage maize (Zea mays L.) is an important crop for forage on Northwestern European dairy cattle farms. We examined the effect of readily available soil phosphorus (P) on early maize growth and linked in‐season height growth to final harvest yield using field plots with contrasting P supply in a one‐year study embedded in a long‐term experiment. Water‐extractable P (Pw) was used as a proxy for readily available P in soil. Plant height, dry matter (DM) accumulation, P and nitrogen (N) uptakes were determined eight times from the two‐leaf stage until final whole‐crop harvest and fitted to logistic growth models. The models revealed that the final yield was significantly related to the time required to reach the maximum rate of height growth (occurring from 330 to 485 accumulated growing degree units, GDU), but not the time required to reach the maximum rate of DM accumulation (occurring from 561 to 649 GDU). Furthermore, plant height at the four‐leaf stage and onwards was significantly related to the final harvest yield. Soil Pw linked closely to height growth parameters; higher levels of Pw gave earlier peaks in height growth. For this light sandy loam with a wide gradient in P content, we conclude that suboptimal P supply postpones height growth and reduces final yields. A sufficient P supply links to an early rapid increase in plant height and forms the potential for optimum nutrient uptake and high forage yields. Thus, early‐season plant height may serve as a simple morphometric indicator for final yields.
Cutting red tape for trade in services
Authors: Kern Milena , Paetzold Jörg , Winner Hannes 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTrade in services is often hampered by domestic administrative barriers, even when countries are members of the same regional trade agreement. We exploit a large reform in the European Union (the EU Service Directive) aimed at reducing such administrative hurdles in cross‐border service provision to estimate its effects on service trade. We employ a triple‐difference strategy and a Poisson pseudo‐maximum‐likelihood panel approach to estimate gravity equations with multiple fixed effects. On average, the reform increased intra‐EU trade in targeted services between a lower bound of 29% and an upper bound of 67%, translating into an overall welfare increase between 0.39% and 1.32% for the member states. This effect of the reform on service trade is corroborated by several robustness and sensitivity checks. Besides the cross‐border trade creation effect, we show that there is trade diversion at the cost of domestic flows. Furthermore, a disaggregated analysis reveals significant differences between countries and service sectors.
Trade facilitation in the presence of non‐independent impediments
Authors: Choi Horag , Mancuso Julio , Tombazos Christis G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the virtual disappearance of tariffs, domestic export time delays have emerged as what is arguably the next most significant obstacle to trade. This may explain recent initiatives to combat delays independently of other trade transaction costs by a variety of regional and international organisations, including the WTO. Such initiatives have resulted in important reductions in export time delays in forty per cent of developing countries. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism by which reductions in delays induce governments to respond by increasing the export fees that they charge exporters. We test this prediction empirically and use a difference gravity approach to investigate the joint impact of both delays and export fees on the flow of trade. Our results support the hypothesis of endogenous export fees which suggests that policies targeting delays in isolation are, at least ex ante, suboptimal. Our findings further show that for exporters of low‐value and time‐insensitive goods, such as many developing countries, export fees are at least as significant an impediment to exports as delays.
The effects of domestic labour mobility on trade agreements: Empirical evidence
Authors: Jestrab Ross 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the empirical relationship between trade agreements and domestic labour mobility. The domestic‐commitment motive from Maggi and Rodriguez‐Clare (American Economic Review, 97, 2007, 1374) and standard trade models with labour frictions predict that trade liberalisation should occur when labour is more mobile. I find support for this prediction. Using regional trade agreements (RTAs) covering 56 countries in 2015, I show labour mobility is a strong predictor of trade liberalisation. The probability of an RTA increases when the country pair's average domestic labour market is less rigid. When the average labour mobility increases by 1 standard deviation from the mean, the probability of an RTA increases by 14–26%. These results are also consistent with the bound tariffs negotiated under the World Trade Organization, where less rigid labour markets are associated with lower bound tariffs.
Evaluation of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RETIC‐HGB) for the diagnosis of iron‐limited erythropoiesis in cats
Authors: Keiner Miriam , Fuchs Jannika , Bauer Natali , Moritz Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDecreased reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) (Siemens ADVIA 2120) reflects iron‐limited erythropoiesis (ILE). RETIC‐HGB (IDEXX ProCyte Dx) is a novel marker of ILE for veterinary use.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate reference intervals (RIs) and the utility of RETIC‐HGB and CHr in the diagnosis of feline ILE.Materials and MethodsRIs were established in 59 healthy cats. Intra‐assay coefficients of variation (CVs) and correlations between RETIC‐HGB and CHr were assessed. Two hundred and seventy‐five cats were classified as having ILE or not based on low plasma iron or low transferrin saturation along with anemia and/or altered RBC indices. CHr, RETIC‐HGB, and serum amyloid A (SAA) were compared between the groups. The sensitivity and specificity of RETIC‐HGB and CHr to diagnose ILE were analyzed to determine the RI lower limits.ResultsRIs for RETIC‐HGB and CHr were 12.5‐18.0 and 14.0‐19.9 pg, respectively. The CV was 3% for both variables. RETIC‐HGB and CHr were moderately correlated (rs = 0.59) with a bias of −1.2 picograms (pgs). Twenty of the 275 cats were classified as having ILE. Compared with non‐ILE cats, ILE cats had significantly lower median RETIC‐HGB (14.3 vs 15.2 pg, P = .0046) and mean CHr (14.7 vs 16.5 pg, P < .0001) values and significantly increased median SAA (44.6 vs 2.3 µg/dl, P < .0001) values. Using the lower RI limits resulted in a low sensitivity and relatively high specificity to diagnose ILE in cats.ConclusionsILE was characterized by decreased CHr and RETIC‐HGB; however, sensitivity was low. The moderate correlation between RETIC‐HGB and CHr is likely due to species differences and different methodology.
The design of a bench‐scale adsorbent column based on nanoclay‐loaded electrospun fiber membrane for the removal of arsenic in wastewater
Authors: Dela Peña Eden May B. , Araño Khryslyn , Dela Cruz Michael Leo , de Yro Persia Ada , Diaz Leslie Joy L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study presents a bench‐scale study on the dynamic removal of arsenic from wastewater by an adsorption membrane consisting of a polycaprolactone matrix with iron‐intercalated montmorillonite filler. A 2K factorial design of experiment was employed to study the effect of different adsorption parameters; namely, flow rate, initial influent concentration, and thickness of adsorbent sheets on breakthrough time. Longer breakthrough times were associated with low flow rates, low initial influent concentrations, and thick nanofiber membrane. The bed depth service time (BDST) approach was used to model adsorption kinetics. An empirical equation for predicting service time of the adsorbent membrane was obtained and was used to design the bench‐scale column. The performance of the adsorption column was accurately predicted by the BDST model. This practical, nanocomposite‐based adsorption column offers a promising alternative wastewater treatment for addressing arsenic contamination in water.
Phylogenetic relationships among cryptic species of the Phyllotis xanthopygus complex (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Authors: Ojeda Agustina A. , Teta Pablo , Pablo Jayat J. , Lanzone Cecilia , Cornejo Paula , Novillo Agustina , Ojeda Ricardo A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe leaf‐eared mouse, Phyllotis xanthopygus (Waterhouse 1837) is a widely distributed sigmodontine rodent in South America, with populations ranging from central Peru to southern Argentina and Chile. Previous morphological and molecular contributions have suggested that P. xanthopygus represents a species complex. In order to characterize and disclose this cryptic species complex, we perform a molecular genetic/phylogenetic analysis of representative samples across its geographical distribution. Phylogenetic analyses were based on sequences of cytochrome‐b gene (801 base pairs; n = 114 specimens) and analysed by maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. We also employed a Bayesian implementation of the Poisson tree processes (bPTP) as a unilocus species delimitation method. Results from our phylogenetic analyses retrieve eight well‐supported clades. Five of these clades belong to populations known as P. xanthopygus s.l., which were paraphyletic to the closely related species P. bonariensis, P. caprinus, and P. limatus, displaying strong genetic divergences (>8%). The (bPTP) analyses recovered ten species within P. xanthopygus s.l. plus related forms (i.e. P. bonariensis, P. caprinus, and P. limatus). Our results, coupled with chromosomal and morphological evidences, support the recognition of these clades at the species level and provide a new framework to characterize the leaf‐eared mice complex. Our study highlights the importance of integrative approaches in disentangling the biodiversity of Neotropical rodents.
The Baum–Connes conjecture localised at the unit element of a discrete group
Authors: Antonini Paolo , Azzali Sara , Skandalis Georges 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe construct a Baum–Connes assembly map localised at the unit element of a discrete group$\Gamma$. This morphism, called$\mu _\tau$, is defined in$KK$-theory with coefficients in$\mathbb {R}$by means of the action of the idempotent$[\tau ]\in KK_{\mathbin {{\mathbb {R}}}}^\Gamma (\mathbb {C},\mathbb {C})$canonically associated to the group trace of$\Gamma$. We show that the corresponding$\tau$-Baum–Connes conjecture is weaker than the classical version, but still implies the strong Novikov conjecture. The right-hand side of$\mu _\tau$is functorial with respect to the group$\Gamma$.
Comparative Study on Static Characteristics of Double-Pad Inwardly and Outwardly Pumping Water-Lubricated Spiral-Groove Thrust Bearings
Authors: Zhang Shaowen , Jiang Shuyun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this technical brief is to investigate comparatively the static characteristics of the double-pad inwardly pumping and outwardly pumping water-lubricated spiral-groove thrust bearings (SGTBs). Firstly, a thermo-hydrodynamic lubrication model including the cavitating, centrifugal, and turbulent effects is established for the double-pad water-lubricated SGTB operating at a high-speed condition. Subsequently, the film thickness and volume flowrate are verified by an experimental study for the high-speed water-lubricated SGTBs. Finally, the effects of the operating conditions and configuration parameters on the static characteristics of the double-pad inwardly pumping and outwardly pumping SGTBs are analyzed systematically. The simulated results show that when the radius ratio exceeds 0.7, the outwardly pumping SGTB can perform better than the inwardly pumping version, with good axial load capacity, higher resistance to tilting and always positive radial flowrate.
Numerical Investigation of Erosive Wear of a Centrifugal Slurry Pump Due to Solid–Liquid Flow
Authors: Tarodiya Rahul , Gandhi Bhupendra K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Centrifugal slurry pump designed for handling solid–liquid flow experiences performance reduction and shorter service life due to uneven localized erosive wear of the wetted parts. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) unsteady numerical modeling of a centrifugal slurry pump with Eulerian–Lagrangian approach coupled to the erosion model has been performed to predict the erosive wear of the pump components namely, casing and impeller. The erosion model developed to predict the erosion of the pump components of high chromium white cast iron (HCWCI) is employed, and the erosion rate distribution along the complete length and width of the casing and impeller blade surfaces namely, pressure side, suction side, front shroud, and back shroud, is determined. The numerical results showed good agreement with the experimentally measured erosion of the pump casing. It has been found that the erosion of the casing and impeller is non-uniform along the length and width. The zone of higher erosion is at the centerline and the back side of the casing, whereas, for the impeller, it is on the pressure side near the leading edge. The variation in the operating flowrate and particle size greatly influenced the material removal rate and the zone of higher erosion for the casing and impeller blade surfaces.
Numerical Investigation on Heat Transfer and Oxidation Deposition of Aviation Fuel in a Rotatory U-Channel
Authors: Zheng Zekun , Pei Xinyan , Yan Siqian , Hou Lingyun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Liquid-fuel regenerative cooling is a promising turbine cooling technology. We developed a numerical model of heat transfer coupled with oxidation deposition in a rotatory channel for regenerative cooling applications. Source terms for the centrifugal and Coriolis forces caused by rotation were added to the momentum equations and turbulent transport equations. A kinetic model for the thermal oxidation and deposition of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel was used to predict the oxidation deposition process. Coupled fluid–solid simulations of the heat transfer and oxidation deposition of hydrocarbon fuel in a U-shaped channel at five rotation numbers showed that the rotation improves convective heat transfer in the cooling channel and prevents the occurrence of a heat transfer deterioration zone. The average deposition rate in the channel decreased with increasing rotation number. In the centrifugal section of the rotatory channel, the Coriolis force caused the temperatures of the leading wall to be higher than those of the trailing wall, but the differences became smaller and nearly disappeared in the elbow and centripetal sections. The deposition rate on the leading wall was higher than that on the trailing wall in the straight centrifugal channel. In the bending section, the oxidation deposits were more prone to form on the inner edge than on the outer edge.