bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WLS-ILIAD: New Longitudinal Resource for Cognitive and Dementia Data
Authors: Asthana Sanjay , Herd Pamela , Williams Victoria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the distinctive strengths of WLS is the availability of Henmon-Nelson IQ scores on all participants while in high school, followed by prospective collection of data through cognitive batteries of varying size and sophistication. Launched in 1993, the initial longitudinal cognitive testing included 8 abstract reasoning items followed by the administration of larger cognitive batteries in 2004 and 2011 comprised of a 10-item word recall test, digit ordering task, phonemic and category fluency, as well as repeated and new items from the WAIS-R similarities task first administered in the 1993 survey. In 2018, with R01 funding from NIA, the scope of cognitive testing expanded significantly and includes administration of a phone-based cognitive screening measure, and a comprehensive in-person neuropsychological assessment for individuals identified at risk for dementia targeting a range of cognitive domains, including memory, language, attention, visuospatial abilities, and executive functioning.
Transitions to Long-Term Residential Care Settings
Authors: de Boer Bram , Verbeek Hilde , Gaugler Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
During their life course, many older adults encounter a transition between care settings, for example, a permanent move into long-term residential care. This care transition is a complex and often fragmented process, which is associated with an increased risk of negative health outcomes, rehospitalisation, and even mortality. Therefore, care transitions should be avoided where possible and the process for necessary transitions should be optimised to ensure continuity of care. Transitional care is therefore a key research topic. The TRANS-SENIOR European Joint Doctorate (EJD) network builds capacity for tackling a major challenge facing European long-term care systems: the need to improve care for an increasing number of care-dependent older adults by avoiding unnecessary transitions and optimising necessary care transitions. During this symposium, four presenters from the Netherlands and Switzerland will present different aspects of transitions into long-term residential care. The first speaker presents the results of a co-creation approach in developing an intervention aimed at preventing unnecessary care transitions. The second speaker presents an overview of interventions aiming to improve a transition from home to a nursing home, highlighting the clear mismatch between theory and practice. The third speaker presents the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on transitions into long-term residential care using an ethnographic study in a long-term residential care facility in Switzerland. The final speaker discusses the results of a recent Delphi study on key factors influencing implementing innovations in transitional care. The discussant will relate previous findings on transitional care with a U.S. perspective.
The Meaning of Age: In a Context of Eldercare and Substance Use
Authors: Harnett Tove , Jonson Hakan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Some people age with substance abuse and social problems and several countries provide members of this population with a type of arrangement referred to as “wet” eldercare facilities. These facilities provide care for people who are judged as unable to become sober, in some cases with a lower age-limit at 50 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the meaning of age for judging the fit between the person and the arrangement. The study was based on interviews with 42 residents, 10 case workers and 21 staff members at five facilities in Sweden. Respondents were asked about the relevance of age and if the facility should include younger people as well. Some staff argued that younger people should be excluded since they could not have the history of multiple failures in treatment that was a prerequisite for admission. Regarding the low age-limit, substance abuse was said to accelerate the process of ageing so that a person aged 50 could be considered 20 years older and in need of eldercare. Residents had a tendency to equate age with activity and argued that people below the age of 50 were active and energetic and the inclusion of younger people would lead to disturbance of the calm pace of the facilities. Given that facilities have been described as “end-stations”, it was puzzling that few respondents linked the question of admitting younger person to the matter of giving up ambitions to make the person sober.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Non-Drug Interventions That Reduce Nursing Home Admissions for People With Dementia
Authors: Jutkowitz Eric , Alarid-Escudero Fernando , Shewmaker Peter , Gaugler Joseph , Pizzi Laura 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although people generally want to age in their community, individuals living with dementia are likely to move to a nursing home. In randomized trials, psychosocial interventions reduce the risk of people living with dementia transitioning to a nursing home, but the cost-effectiveness of these interventions is unknown. We used an evidence-based mathematical model to simulate a place of residence (community or nursing home) for people living with dementia. Our model also predicts time caregiving, health care costs, and quality of life. We modeled the reduction in nursing home rate (i.e., hazard ratio (HR) treatment effect) identified from two trials of non-drug interventions for people living with dementia and their caregiver. Using trial data, we account for the disease stage of when interventions are implemented. Specifically, we modeled MIND (HR: 0.63; 18-month effect), an in-home intervention for people with mild-moderate dementia, and the NYU Caregiver Intervention (HR: 0.53; 42-month effect), which is for people with moderate dementia. We evaluated each intervention’s cost-effectiveness relative to usual care for the duration of the intervention from a societal perspective. The MIND and NYU Caregiver Intervention resulted in $23,900, and $6,600 costs savings relative to usual care, respectively. The model predicted an improvement in the quality of life for people living with dementia for both interventions. The largest cost saving was attributed to reductions in family nursing home spending. Medicare and Medicaid received modest cost savings but are likely to be tasked with paying for these interventions.
Use of Tangible, Educational, and Psychological Supportive Services Among Chinese American Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Liu Jinyu , Lou Yifan , Cheung Ethan Siu Leung , Wu Bei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Though many studies have examined the service utilization of dementia caregivers, there is limited empirical evidence from Asian Americans and the lack of incorporating community resources and sociocultural factors in this field. Guided by the Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use (ABM), we aimed to understand whether and how predisposing, enabling and need factors were associated with utilizing multiple types of services among Chinese Americans dementia caregivers. Research Design and Methods: We collected survey data from 134 Chinese dementia caregivers in New York City. Logistic regression models were conducted to test the associations between predisposing, enabling and need factors and the likelihoods of using tangible (home health aide, adult daycare, respite care), educational (lectures and workshops), and psychological (peer support groups and psychological counseling) services. Results: Consistent with prior literature, caregiver’s knowledge about services, caring tasks, length of care and burden and care recipient’s physical and cognitive deteriorations, were significantly associated with higher possibilities of using multiple types of services among these Chinese American dementia caregivers. Three sociocultural factors, including residing in Chinatowns, availability of alternative family caregivers and diagnosis of cognitive deterioration, were also associated with higher likelihoods of using educational or psychological services. Discussion and Implications: The findings extended the existing literature on service utilization of caregivers by highlighting the importance of distinguishing types of services and the necessity of considering sociocultural factors in future research and practice.
Interdisciplinary Team for MEDSReM-2 and Decision Support Through Pharmacology of Aging Principles
Authors: Lee Jeannie , Insel Kathleen , Nicholas J , Albadawi Amani 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The interdisciplinary team members with distinct and complementary expertise working collaboratively to advance MEDSReM to MEDSReM-2 will be introduced. The decision support functionality in MEDSReM-2 application (app) is to guide older users on making decisions about missed doses. MEDSReM-2 medication formulary was created to include safe hypertension medications for older adults. Pharmacology of aging, including Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic principles, along with published studies and expert peer reviews, were used to create an algorithm for safe window of time to take the missed medications. We will present the processes for developing the decision support algorithm for the MEDSReM-2 App and how this guide will be communicated to the users to inform their decision making about missed doses. Interdisciplinary collaboration including pharmacy, nursing, cognitive aging, and technology development that was crucial for designing and implementing decision support within the MEDSReM-2 app for older users will be shared.
Developing Instructional Support for MEDSReM-2 Through Human Factors Design Principles
Authors: Mitzner Tracy , Harris Maurita , Blocker Kenneth , Trinh Mimi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Appropriate instruction is critical for ensuring the MEDSReM-2 system (i.e., smartphone app, blood pressure monitor, online portal) will be easily and effectively used and will, therefore, be more likely to be adopted. We will present our iterative processes for developing instructional support for MEDSReM 2 using human factors design principles (e.g., task analyses, comparative analyses, expert evaluation of mock-ups with screen flows). The instructional supports include user manuals, videos, as well as instructions within the MEDSReM 2 app. We will also highlight design principles used to empower the user and the benefits of using an interdisciplinary approach (i.e., gerontology, cognitive psychology, educational psychology, design, community health) to develop instructional support for older adult users.
Using HRS-ONET Linked Data to Study Subjective and Objective Mismatch Between Work Demands and Capacity at Older Ages
Authors: Helppie-McFall Brooke , Sonnega Amanda , Fisher Gwen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mismatch between demands of work and workers’ ability to meet those demands may play an important role in retirement decisions. This presentation extends earlier work using Health and Retirement Study data linked to O*NET to develop measures of discrepancy between individual’s own reports of physical and mental abilities and 1) their perceptions of the physical and mental demands of their jobs and 2) O*NET ratings of the physical and mental demands of their jobs. In particular, we utilize newly available linked information using 2010 Census codes and 2019 O*NET ratings that reflect more current jobs. We then examine the impact of each type of mismatch (subjective and objective) on retirement timing. Overall, we find a stronger connection between subjective mismatch relative to objective mismatch. We discuss implications of this finding in terms of the value of the O*NET linkage and potential interventions aimed at extending working lives for positive aging.
Aging of a Model Minority: A Diachronic Analysis of Two Quantitative Research Studies on Aging of Japanese in New York
Authors: Toyama Itsuko , Nakashima Taeko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This is a diachronic analysis of two quantitative research studies on the aging of Japanese and Japanese Americans living in Greater New York. How have older Japanese individuals, who once have been referred as “model minority,” lived and aged in Greater New York? All the data in this paper are based on the first research study conducted in 2006 and the second in 2018 (Ethical approval reference number 6, 2018). This paper reveals both the social transitoriness and the cultural immutability of the Japanese elderly community in Greater New York. The following is a summary of the findings: (1) a growing Japanese American community with US citizenship, higher academic qualification, and better communication competency has been observed. (2) The allowable range of private expense to hire personal caregivers has been widened. (3) Not only the concerns and anxieties for later lives but also the plans and preparations for aging are much the same. (4) The elderly are provided with culturally specific care (with regard to language, food, and concept of care)—even allowed to live with other Japanese people—and the needs of caregivers who can understand Japanese culture are satiated. (5) Almost half of those in the community find it difficult to eliminate the possibility of returning to Japan, and some of them have already chosen to migrate back to Japan.
Meeting Needs of Diverse Older Adults and Caregivers During Public Health Emergencies: What Can We Learn From COVID-19?
Authors: Bayne Alycia , Singer Rachel , Spradley Candace , Isaacs Lauren , Jeffers Eva , Olivari Benjamin , Matthews Kevin , Whitton Alaina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With support from the CDC Foundation and technical assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NORC at the University of Chicago conducted studies to examine the needs and concerns of older adults and unpaid caregivers during COVID-19, including their trusted sources of COVID-19 information and available public health interventions. Methods included a nationally representative survey of 1,030 adults aged 50+ years using computer-assisted telephone and web interviewing; online focus groups with older adults and caregivers in Spanish and English; a survey and interviews with stakeholder organizations; secondary analysis of U.S. caregiver surveys; analysis of public social media posts; and searches of peer-reviewed and grey literature in Spanish and English to identify interventions. Results suggest that needs and concerns differed among older adult subpopulations, including racial and ethnic minority populations, people with lower incomes, rural and tribal populations, people with limited English proficiency, and people with disabilities as well as caregivers. Older adults perceived news media, the internet, and healthcare providers as important resources for COVID-19 information, although trusted sources varied by race and ethnicity, urbanicity, and income. Findings suggested the need to increase awareness of existing public health interventions and resources to support older adults and caregivers during public health emergencies like COVID-19. Strategies for tailoring communication for diverse older adults and caregivers include partnering with national organizations, leveraging community-level infrastructure, and disseminating information through trusted sources. Studying the needs of older adults and caregivers during COVID-19 can inform future public health emergency response priorities.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Gerontological Research Mentoring and Methodologies
Authors: Rooks Ronica , Mingo Chivon , Mingo Chivon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With a rapid increase in our nation's diversity and in particular the diversity of the aging population, research focused on the well-being and quality of life for all older adults is imperative. Within GSA, The Minority Issue in Gerontology Advisory Panel is charged with providing support to the membership that ultimately will yield an increase in the quantity and quality of research related to minority aging issues. Therefore, understanding best practices for minority-focused gerontological research and gerontological education curriculum is warranted. The advancement of the field is predicated on the ability to have trained professionals with skills and competencies that effectively meet the needs of a diverse aging population. This symposium will include a presentation highlighting practical strategies for strengthening gerontology research by intentionally incorporating anti-racist methodological approaches. The second presentation will consist of recommendations on how to support, promote, and advance gerontology education in a manner that increases the diversity of those pursuing a research or an applied career in this area of study. Presenters will share an overview of the literature, findings from program implementation focus groups, and recommendations for tailoring strategies to fit your intended audience. This session will prove beneficial as we make strides to ensure that diversity, equity, and inclusion remain a core value and an inherent practice of all gerontology professionals.
Population Aging and Multicultural Diversity in the United States: Implications for Older Consumers’ Needs and Expectations
Authors: Miller Julie , Patskanick Taylor , D'Ambrosio Lisa , Coughlin Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Looking ahead to 2030 and beyond, the United States will be both older and more multicultural than presently. To explore the impacts and characteristics of an increasingly diverse population beginning to age, the MIT AgeLab conducted online focus groups in August 2020 (n=92) with ethnically diverse participants ages 40-69 on topics related to household composition, use of technology and digital engagement. Regarding household composition, Black and Latinx participants were more likely to report living with grandchild(ren), and Asian, Latinx, and White participants were more likely to report living with a parent(s) or parent(s)-in- law. Latinx participants often described ways in which caregiving for aging parents was a cultural value, but many participants who had raised children in the United States but who were not born in the United States themselves described cultural gaps in family attitudes that had sometimes widened across the generations. While all participants were using some technology, due to the coronavirus pandemic, digital tools were being used more widely than ever before. Racial/ethnic identity groups were more similar than different in terms of their responses to questions around consumer digital engagement. There were notable differences in overall trust in technology across racial/ethnic groups, with Asian participants reporting the highest average overall level of trust in technology and Multiracial participants reporting the lowest. Looking ahead, the intersection of aging and growing racial/ethnic diversity in the United States will yield a wider array of consumer needs and expectations.
Effects of Loneliness and Social Isolation on Cognitive Health: Latest Perspectives and Future Directions
Authors: Ng Ted , Yu Kexin , Lubben James 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Loneliness and social isolation as antecedents of cognitive decline have received substantial attention in recent research. This symposium addresses this year’s conference theme of aging in the “new normal”. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the negative impacts of loneliness and social isolation on older adults’ health and wellbeing. This symposium includes studies that shed light on the relationships between loneliness, social isolation and cognitive health using a multidisciplinary approach, and provide recommendations and future directions for advancing this research area. The first presentation examines cardiovascular biomarkers as potential mechanisms that mediate the longitudinal relationship between loneliness and cognitive decline with the HRS dataset. The second presentation examines several social isolation indicators and their effects on cognitive decline in a Canadian longitudinal study. Using the US ADRC longitudinal study of aging, the third study shows the effect of loneliness on cognitive health in older adults pre- and post-onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The symposium concludes with a literature review of the different measures employed to operationalize the constructs of loneliness, isolation, which resulted in heterogeneous study findings on their influences on the risk of developing dementia. This review calls for consistent measures to produce comparable evidence on the health consequences of loneliness and isolation. In all, this symposium reports and reviews the latest evidence on the association between social isolation, loneliness and cognitive health amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It also echoes the conference theme of transforming disruption to opportunities in aging health service and research.
ESPO and Butler-Williams Scientific Symposium: Disrupting Health Disparities and Transforming Care of Older Adults
Authors: Jones Patricia , Justice Jamie , Thorpe Roland 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The NIA’s Butler-Williams Scholars Program and GSA’s ESPO Section are united in providing career development opportunities in a manner that promotes leadership, diversity, and inclusivity. Our emerging scholars are called to examine health inequity and overcome barriers by continuous and incremental improvements (disruption) or dramatic change (transformation) to improve health and access to care for our diverse aging population. Among the chief concerns of our aging population are disparities in health associated with race/ethnicity, experience, sociocultural and socioeconomic factors. GSA’s early career professionals and 2020 alumni of the prestigious NIA Butler-Williams Scholars Program address these issues. Dr. Karen Moss will discuss new findings from a study of African American caregivers of persons living with dementia. Dr. Jasmine Travers will present on mitigating disparities in access to long-term services and supports among older adults. Dr. Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez, will present current work on aging and care delivery or health of Hispanic older adults, including impact of COVID19 in Hispanic groups. Dr. Marc Garcia will present on interaction of race/ethnicity, nativity, and gender with key social and economic factors on health, COVID19, and aging. Finally, Dr. Shana Stites will present on social challenges in advancing diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease dementia. The featured talks by rising stars deepen our understanding of the influence of health disparity so we can disrupt inequity and transform systems of care across our diverse aging populations.
The Impact of COVID-19 Across Nursing Homes That Disproportionally Serve Minority Residents
Authors: Rivera-Hernandez Maricruz , Kumar Amit , Roy Indrakshi , Karmarkar Amol , Erler Kimberly , Rudolph James , Baldwin Julie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionally affected communities of color and older adults in the United States. Nursing homes (NHs) have reported over 130,000 COVID-19 deaths (or one-fourth of all US deaths) circa March 2021, a high share of the nation’s total death count (CMS COVID-19 NH Data). These inequities partially driven by barriers to care, segregation and structural racism have resulted in the unequal impact of COVID-19 across NHs (Li et al., 2020). In this presentation, I will describe NHs that disproportionally care for minority residents and the effect of NH composition on COVID-19-related mortality and outcomes. In 2020, minority older adults were less likely to have access to high quality facilities. From June – August, NHs with a high proportion of minority residents reported higher COVID-19 mortality rates per 1000 residents. Equal access to high quality of care across the life-course among racial and ethnic groups is needed.