bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning assessment of cultural ecosystem services from social media images
Authors: Cardoso Ana Sofia , Renna Francesco , Moreno-Llorca Ricardo , Alcaraz-Segura Domingo , Tabik Siham , Ladle Richard J. , Vaz Ana Sofia 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTCrowdsourced social media data has become popular in the assessment of cultural ecosystem services (CES). Advances in deep learning show great potential for the timely assessment of CES at large scales. Here, we describe a procedure for automating the assessment of image elements pertaining to CES from social media. We focus on a binary (natural, human) and a multiclass (posing, species, nature, landscape, human activities, human structures) classification of those elements using two Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs; VGG16 and ResNet152) with the weights from two large datasets - Places365 and ImageNet -, and our own dataset. We train those CNNs over Flickr and Wikiloc images from the Peneda-Gerês region (Portugal) and evaluate their transferability to wider areas, using Sierra Nevada (Spain) as test. CNNs trained for Peneda-Gerês performed well, with results for the binary classification (F1-score > 80%) exceeding those for the multiclass classification (> 60%). CNNs pre-trained with Places365 and ImageNet data performed significantly better than with our data. Model performance decreased when transferred to Sierra Nevada, but their performances were satisfactory (> 60%). The combination of manual annotations, freely available CNNs and pre-trained local datasets thereby show great relevance to support automated CES assessments from social media.
CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder for Lipid Nanoparticles with Ionizable Cationic Lipids and PEGylated Lipids
Authors: Park Soohyung , Choi Yeol Kyo , Kim Seonghoon , Lee Jumin , Im Wonpil 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation is a state-of-the-art delivery system for genetic drugs such as DNA, mRNA, and siRNA, which is successfully applied to COVID-19 vaccines and gains tremendous interest in therapeutic applications. Despite its importance, a molecular-level understanding of the LNP structures and dynamics is still lacking, which makes a rational LNP design almost impossible. In this work, we present an extension of CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder to model and simulate all-atom LNPs with various (ionizable) cationic lipids and PEGylated lipids (PEG-lipids). These new lipid types can be mixed with any existing lipid types with or without a biomolecule of interest, and the generated systems can be simulated using various molecular dynamics engines. As a first illustration, we considered model LNP membranes with DLin-KC2-DMA (KC2) or DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3) without PEG-lipids. The results from these model membranes are consistent with those from the two previous studies albeit with mild accumulation of neutral MC3 in the bilayer center. To demonstrate Membrane Builder’s capability of building a realistic LNP patch, we generated KC2- or MC3-containing LNP membranes with high concentrations of cholesterol and ionizable cationic lipids together with 2 mol% PEG-lipids. We observe that PEG-chains are flexible, which can be more preferentially extended laterally in the presence of cationic lipids due to the attractive interactions between their head groups and PEG oxygen. The presence of PEG-lipids also relaxes the lateral packing in LNP membranes, and the area compressibility modulus (KA) of LNP membranes with cationic lipids fit into typical KA of fluid-phase membranes. Interestingly, the interactions between PEG oxygen and head group of ionizable cationic lipids induce a negative curvature. We hope that this LNP capability in Membrane Builder can be useful to better characterize various LNPs with or without genetic drugs for a rational LNP design.
Identification of PAX6 and NFAT4 as the transcriptional regulators of lncRNA Mrhl in neuronal progenitors
Authors: Pal Debosree , Dutta Sangeeta , Iyer Dhanur P , Bhaduri Utsa , Rao M.R.S 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLncRNA Mrhl has been shown to be involved in regulating meiotic commitment of mouse spermatogonial progenitors and coordinating differentiation events in mouse embryonic stem cells. Here we have characterized the interplay of Mrhl with lineage-specific transcription factors during mouse neuronal lineage development. Our results demonstrate that Mrhl is predominantly expressed in the neuronal progenitor populations in mouse embryonic brains and in retinoic acid derived radial-glia like neuronal progenitor cells. Mrhl levels are significantly down regulated in postnatal brains and in maturing neurons. In neuronal progenitors, a master transcription factor, PAX6, acts to regulate the expression of Mrhl through direct physical binding at a major site in the distal promoter, located at 2.9kb usptream of the TSS of Mrhl. Furthermore, NFAT4 occupies the Mrhl proximal promoter at two sites, at 437bp and 143bp upstream of the TSS. ChIP studies reveal that PAX6 and NFAT4 interact with each other, suggesting co-regulation of lncRNA Mrhl expression in neuronal progenitors. Our studies herewith are crucial towards understanding how lncRNAs are regulated by major lineage-specific TFs towards defining specific development and differentiation events.Summary statementTranscriptional regulation of lncRNA Mrhl by multiple lineage-specific transcription factors in neuronal progenitors highlights context-dependent regulation important for lineage specification.
Bifurcation drives the evolution of assembly-line biosynthesis
Authors: Booth Thomas J. , Bozhüyük Kenan A. J. , Liston Jonathon D. , Lacey Ernest , Wilkinson Barrie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReprogramming biosynthetic assembly-lines is a topic of intense interest. This is unsurprising as the scaffolds of most antibiotics in current clinical use are produced by such pathways. The modular nature of assembly-lines provides a direct relationship between the sequence of enzymatic domains and the chemical structure of the product, but rational reprogramming efforts have been met with limited success. To gain greater insight into the design process, we wanted to examine how Nature creates assembly-lines and searched for biosynthetic pathways that might represent evolutionary transitions. By examining the biosynthesis of the anti-tubercular wollamides, we show how whole gene duplication and neofunctionalization can result in pathway bifurcation. Importantly, we show that neofunctionalization occurs primarily through intragenomic recombination. This pathway bifurcation leads to redundancy, providing the genetic robustness required to enable large structural changes during the evolution of antibiotic structures. Should the new product be none-functional, gene loss can restore the original genotype. However, if the new product confers an advantage, depreciation and eventual loss of the original gene creates a new linear pathway. This provides the blind watchmaker equivalent to the ‘design, build, test’ cycle of synthetic biology.
Organizational performance and capabilities to analyze big data: do the ambidexterity and business value of big data analytics matter?
Authors: Aljumah Ahmad Ibrahim , Nuseir Mohammed T. , Alam Md. Mahmudul 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe aim of the study is to examine the impact of the big data analytics capabilities (BDAC) on the organizational performance. The study also examines the mediating role of ambidexterity and the moderating role of business value of big data (BVBD) analytics in the relationship between the big data analytics capabilities and the organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study collected primary data based on a questionnaire survey among the large manufacturing firms operating in UAE. A total of 650 questionnaires were distributed among the manufacturing firms and 295 samples were used for final data analysis. The survey was conducted from September to November in 2019, and data were analyzed based on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe big data analysis (BDA) scalability is supported by the findings on the performance of firm and its determinants such as system, value of business and quality of information. The roles of business value as a moderator and ambidexterity as mediator are found significant. The results reveal that there is a need for managers to consider the business value and quality dynamics as crucial strategic objectives to achieve high performance of the firm.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has significant policy implication for practitioners and researchers for understanding the issues related to big data analytics.Originality/valueThis is an original study based on primary data from UAE manufacturing firms.
An empirical investigation of the factors affecting customer lifetime value
Authors: Dandis Ala' Omar , Al Haj Eid Mohammad Badi’ , Robin Robin , Wierdak Nathalie 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting customer lifetime value (CLV) for Internet service providers in Jordan, namely, technical quality, functional quality, brand credibility, confidence benefits, special treatment benefits, customer satisfaction and commitment.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted involving a sample of 481 respondents. SPSS was used to analyse the data and test the proposed relationships, while SmartPLS was used to examine the robustness of our results.FindingsResults showed that confidence benefits, special treatment benefits and brand credibility had a significant and positive impact on customer satisfaction and commitment, with brand credibility appearing as the most influential factor leading to customer satisfaction and commitment, and ultimately CLV. Furthermore, research reveals an insignificant relationship between functional quality, technical quality and customer satisfaction.Practical implicationsServices' providers seeking to increase CLV need to build strong and sustainable relationships with their customers.Originality/valueThis study incorporates a set of crucial customer relationship management strategies that could be universally applied to enhance customers benefits and business performance. This is also the first study of its kind conducted in the Middle East, particularly in Jordan.
Relationships between fluctuations of environmental regulation, technological innovation, and economic growth: a multinational perspective
Authors: Xie Zaiyang , Qu Liang , Lin Runhui , Guo Qiutong 
Published: June 2021

PurposeEnvironmental regulation is in a continuous state of intense change and modification amid the long-term tensions between environmental protection and economic growth. In this article, the authors creatively investigate how fluctuations of environmental regulation influence a nation's economic growth while also examining the mediating effect of technological innovation.Design/methodology/approachUsing sample data of 36 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2013 to 2018, environmental regulation is differentiated in two aspects of formal environmental regulation (FER) and informal environmental regulation (IER) and analyzed to assess the effects of regulatory fluctuations on investment and technological innovation.FindingsThe research results demonstrate that both FER fluctuation and IER fluctuation exert a significant negative impact on economic growth. These two fluctuations in environmental regulation increase uncertainty and unpredictable risks for corporations and investors, significantly stifling the willingness to contribute to innovation activities and leading to a diminished level of innovation. Technological innovation is revealed to have a mediating influence on the relationship of environmental regulation fluctuation to economic growth.Originality/valueThese findings enrich the research on the impact of environmental regulation from a dynamic, multinational perspective, contributing to the literature by exploring the relationships between environmental regulation fluctuation, technological innovation and economic growth at the OECD-country level.
Just a leader? Leadership work challenges and identity contradiction experienced by Finnish physician leaders
Authors: Huikko-Tarvainen Sari , Sajasalo Pasi , Auvinen Tommi 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study seeks to improve the understanding of physician leaders' leadership work challenges.Design/methodology/approachThe subjects of the empirical study were physician leaders (n = 23) in the largest central hospital in Finland.FindingsA total of five largely identity-related, partially paradoxical dilemmas appeared regarding why working as “just a leader” is challenging for physician leaders. First, the dilemma of identity ambiguity between being a physician and a leader. Second, the dilemma of balancing the expected commitment to clinical patient work by various stakeholders and that of physician leadership work. Third, the dilemma of being able to compensate for leadership skill shortcomings by excelling in clinical skills, encouraging physician leaders to commit to patient work. Fourth, the dilemma of “medic discourse”, that is, downplaying leadership work as “non-patient work”, making it inferior to patient work. Fifth, the dilemma of a perceived ethical obligation to commit to patient work even if the physician leadership work would be a full-time job. The first two issues support the findings of earlier research, while the remaining three emerging from the authors’ analysis are novel.Practical implicationsThe authors list some of the practical implications that follow from this study and which could help solve some of the challenges.Originality/valueThis study explores physician leaders' leadership work challenges using authentic physician leader data in a context where no prior empirical research has been carried out.
Investigating instructional influence in teachers' social networks
Authors: Kaul Maya , Supovitz Jonathan , Comstock Meghan 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study investigates the reasons teachers seek instructional assistance from their colleagues. By examining both the reasons why teachers seek assistance and considering which reasons for seeking assistance predict shifts in teaching practice, this analysis provides new insights into how schools can leverage teachers' social networks for organizational change.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on interview and survey data from a sample of 52 schools across seven districts in the United States, we first qualitatively explore the reasons teachers seek instructional assistance, based on patterns in teachers' self-reported descriptions of their instructional advice-seeking. Then, we apply hierarchical linear models to predict which individual characteristics and organizational features influence the reasons' teachers seek assistance and which reasons for seeking assistance influence their subsequent shifts in teaching practice.FindingsTeachers' positions in their social networks, their experience levels and their organizational contexts predict the reasons for which they seek instructional assistance. In addition, teachers seeking advice based on perceptions of their peers' experience or resource access predicts positive shifts in teaching practice; however, fewer than half of teachers' instructional-advice seeking ties reported in our sample were motivated by either of these two reasons.Practical implicationsThe findings highlight the potential for school leaders and policymakers to improve teaching practice by making educators' experience and resources more accessible within schools and creating structures that enable collaboration.Originality/valueThis paper addresses a gap in social network literature by moving beyond a structuralist analysis of teachers' collegial networks to investigate teachers' motivations for pursuing advice-seeking ties.
The mediating role of organizational innovation on the impact of strategic agility on firm performance
Authors: Yildiz Tayfun , Aykanat Zafer 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe field of strategic management mainly concerns with the achievement and sustainability of competitive advantage since the sustainability of strategic competitive advantage is more challenging. The concept of innovation can also be regarded as a to respond continuously changing environmental conditions and to sustain firm profits. The aim of this paper is to examine the mediating role of organizational innovation for the impact of strategic agility on firm performance and to determine the relationship among variables. Although there is a significant amount of work on organizational innovation, literature is still lacking in the debate on strategic agility and firm performance.Design/methodology/approachAn online questionnaire was administered to 216 firms operating in the Sakarya Organized Industrial Zone (Marmara Region of Turkey) during September–December 2019 and the data were analyzed using structural equation analysis for hypothesis testing.FindingsResults reveal that strategic agility has a positive impact on both firm performance (ß = 0.895) and organizational innovation (ß = 0.854), and organizational innovation (ß = 0.485) plays a partial mediating role on this relationship.Originality/valueThe results of this study improve our understanding of how these factors affect firm performance in the organized industrial zone.
Lifetime movement history is associated with variable growth of a potamodromous freshwater fish
Authors: Barrow Joshua S. , Yen Jian D. L. , Koehn John D. , Zampatti Brenton P. , Thiem Jason D. , Tonkin Zeb , Strawbridge Arron , Morrongiello John R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Directional or stabilising selection should drive the expression of a dominant movement phenotype within a population. Widespread persistence of multiple movement phenotypes within wild populations, however, suggests that individuals that move (movers) and those that do not (residents) can have commensurate performance.

The costs and benefits of mover and resident phenotypes remain poorly understood. Here, we explored how the presence and timing of movements are correlated with annual somatic growth rates, a useful proxy for performance because it is easily measured and rapidly reflects environmental changes.

We used otolith growth measurements and stable isotope analyses to recreate growth and among‐reach movement histories of a partially migrating, long‐lived freshwater fish, golden perch Macquaria ambigua. We compared the association between movement and growth at two temporal scales: (a) short‐term (annual) differences in growth, in the years preceding, during or following movement; and (b) long‐term (lifetime) differences in growth.

Overall, 59% of individuals performed at least one among‐reach movement, with these individuals subsequently more likely to move repeatedly throughout their lives. Movers grew faster than residents, with this difference most pronounced in the juvenile and early adult stages, when most movements occurred. Annual growth did not, however, change immediately prior to or following a specific movement event. Among‐individual variation in growth was initially higher for residents than for movers but decreased with age, at a faster rate for residents than for movers, such that levels conformed after 5 years of age.

Our results indicate that lifetime movement is linked to faster growth in the early years of a fish's life. These faster growing movers are likely to be larger at a given age, leading to numerous potential benefits. However, the persistence of resident phenotypes suggests that there is likely a cost–benefit trade‐off to moving. The presence of multiple movement phenotypes may contribute to the resilience of populations by buffering against naturally and anthropogenically exacerbated environmental variability.
Oleogel‐based emulsions: Concepts, structuring agents, and applications in food
Authors: Silva Thais J. , Barrera‐Arellano Daniel , Ribeiro Ana Paula B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis review discusses the application of oleogel technology in emulsified systems. In these systems of mimetic fats, water‐in‐oil or oil‐in‐water emulsions can be obtained, but, here, we cover emulsions with an oil continuous phase in detail. Depending on the percentage of water added to the oleogels, systems with different textures and rheological properties can be developed. These properties are affected by the characteristics and concentration of the added components and emulsion preparation methods. In addition, some gelators exhibit interfacial properties, resulting in more stable emulsions than those of conventional emulsions. Oleogel‐based emulsion are differentiated by continuous and dispersed phases and the structuring/emulsification components. Crucially, these emulsions could be applied by the food industry for preparing, for example, meat products and margarines, as well as by the cosmetics industry. We present the different processes of emulsion elaboration, the main gelators used, the influence of the water content on the structuring of water‐in‐oleogel emulsions, and the structuring mechanisms (Pickering, network, and combined Pickering and network stabilization). Finally, we highlight the applications of these systems as alternatives for reducing processed food lipid content and saturated fat levels.
Comparison of flow characteristics in a bench‐scale system with commercial‐scale pipelines: Use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Fan Mengyuan , Kim Woo‐Ju , Heldman Dennis R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe challenges for scale‐up are often encountered in cleaning operations during the interpretation of data from clean‐in‐place (CIP) research. The objective of this investigation was to design and characterize flow characteristics in a bench‐scale system in a manner that evaluates scale‐up to a commercial‐scale CIP operation. A bench‐scale temperature‐controlled vessel was designed for evaluation of in‐place cleaning, and for development of scale‐up parameters. The wall shear stress was selected as the parameter for the comparison, as it is the significant parameter associated with deposit removal. Using the traditional prediction models, the wall shear stress of bench‐scale ranged 0.015 to 4.99 Pa with impeller speeds from 50 to 900 rpm. For the commercial‐scale with 0.022 m of inside diameter, prediction ranged from 1.43 to 7.90 Pa with the mean fluid velocity from 0.72 to 1.67 m/s. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to predict wall shear stress on the surfaces within the bench‐scale and commercial‐scale systems. The predicted wall shear stress values ranged from 0.016 to 2.42 Pa for surfaces within the bench‐scale system, and from 1.33 to 7.20 Pa for the commercial‐scale system. The differences between two calculation methods are attributed to the averaging the magnitude over the whole area and the overestimation of friction coefficients employed in the traditional prediction. The results confirm that CFD provided more reliable wall shear stress estimates for surfaces of interest. The wall shear stress estimates for a bench‐scale compare favorably to estimates for a commercial‐scale pie section in a CIP system.Practical ApplicationThe current investigation demonstrates that the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation provides accurate estimates for the scale‐up parameters. Both academic and industrial researchers will benefit from the proposed methodologies to compare the flow properties of the bench‐scale and commercial‐scale CIP operation that facilitate the practical implementation of the systems.