bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles incorporated tragacanth nanofibers for adsorbing fuel sulfur compounds
Authors: Elyaci Reza , Bazarganipour Mehdi , Tavanai Hossein , Esmaelion Fatemeh , Shamsabadi Amir Shahin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study concerns the electrospinning of tragacanth nanofibers containing zinc oxide nanoparticles with the aim of separating sulfur compounds from crude oil. Zinc oxide incorporated tragacanth nanofibers were electrospun from tragacanth solutions containing zinc oxide nanoparticles with concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 (% w/w). The average diameter of these nanofibers were 91.6, 94.1, 95.4, and 97.8 nm, respectively. SEM images showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles incorporated tragacanth nanofibers were uniformly electrospun with no beads. FTIR analysis showed some interactions between zinc oxide nanoparticles and tragacanth macromolecules. XRD studies showed a two phase microstructure consisting of semi‐crystalline tragacanth matrix with zinc oxide crystallites dispersed in it. The highest filtration efficiency for 300 ml of Isfahan and Gachsaran crude oil was 75.3% and 62.2%, respectively. Moreover, the highest sulfur adsorption capacity obtained for Isfahan and Gachsaran crude oil was 211.20 mg g−1 and 108.19 mg g−1, respectively.
Application of multivariate linear regression models for selection of deep eutectic solvent for extraction of apigenin and luteolin from Chrysanthemum indicum L.
Authors: Nguyen Thu Hang , Vu Thi Huyen Trang , Nguyen Van Phuong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionAmong a variety of compounds presented in chrysanthemum, apigenin and luteolin are the two main components that play a major role in numerous biological activities of this herb.ObjectivesWe aimed to obtain linear models showing the dependence of the yield of extraction of apigenin and luteolin on the composition of deep eutectic solvent and investigate the extraction of these two ingredients from Chrysanthemum indicum L.MethodsTwo models showing the dependence of luteolin and apigenin concentrations on the composition of the solvent were established using a multilinear regression algorithm and were applied to screen 119 different solvents. After that, the extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology and an artificial neural network. Apigenin and luteolin were recovered from the extract by the combination of distillation and addition of water.ResultsThe screening results on 119 solvents revealed that choline chloride–acetic acid (1:4) was the most suitable deep eutectic solvent. It was showed that both response surface methodology and the artificial neural network could accurately determine the optimal conditions of extraction of apigenin and luteolin from C. indicum L., including time of extraction (65 minutes), temperature of extraction (90°C) and water content (20%). By the combination of distillation and addition of water, apigenin and luteolin could be effectively recovered from the deep eutectic solvent extract with a recovery rate of over 80%.ConclusionsDeep eutectic solvent could be used as an effective green alternative to the conventional solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants.
Chemotherapy‐associated cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms of toxicity and cardioprotective strategies
Authors: Veeder Justin A. , Hothem Lauren N. , Cipriani Amber E. , Jensen Brian C. , Rodgers Jo E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the proposed mechanisms of chemotherapy‐associated cardiomyopathy (CAC) and potential cardioprotective therapies for CAC including a comprehensive review of existing systematic analyses, guideline recommendations, and ongoing clinical trials.Data SourcesA literature search of MEDLINE was performed (from 1990 to June 2020) using the following search terms: anthracycline, trastuzumab, cardiomyopathy, cardiotoxicity, primary prevention, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), beta blocker, dexrazoxane (DEX) as well as using individual names from select therapeutic categories.Study Selection and Data ExtractionExisting English language systematic analyses and guidelines were considered.Data SynthesisThe mechanisms of CAC are multifaceted, but various cardioprotective therapies target many of these pathways. To date, anthracyclines and HER‐2 targeted therapies have been the focus of cardioprotective trials to date as they are the most commonly implicated therapies in CAC. While traditional neurohormonal antagonists (ACEIs, ARBs, and beta blockers) and DEX performed favorably in many small clinical trials, the quality of available evidence remains limited. Hence, major guidelines lack consensus on an approach to primary prevention of CAC. Given the uncertain role of preventive therapy, monitoring for a symptomatic or asymptomatic decline in LV function is imperative with prompt evaluation should this occur. Numerous ongoing randomized controlled trials seek to either confirm the findings of these previous studies or identify new therapeutic agents to prevent CAC. Clinical implications are derived from the available literature as well as current guideline recommendations for CAC cardioprotection.ConclusionAt this time, no single therapy has a clear cardioprotective benefit in preventing CAC nor is any therapy strongly recommended by current guidelines. Additional studies are needed to determine the optimal preventative regimens.
Mechanisms of ion transport in lithium salt‐doped polymeric ionic liquid electrolytes at higher salt concentrations
Authors: Zhang Zidan , Lin Dachey , Ganesan Venkat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe used atomistic simulations to study the mechanisms of ion transport in salt‐doped polymeric ionic liquid systems at higher salt concentrations. Consistent with the experimental observations, our simulations indicate that at higher salt concentrations, the anion mobilities become lower than that of the lithium cations. Further, the anion mobilities become relatively insensitive to the salt concentration, while the mobilities of lithium increase with increasing salt concentration. We rationalize the results for the anion mobilities by considering the fractions of anions which are exclusively coordinated with the polycations (Type1); co‐coordinated with cations and lithium (Type2); and those exclusively coordinated with lithium (Type3). By considering the coordination characteristics of the different types of anions and their hopping motions, we demonstrate that the net anion mobilities results from a compensation effect of the salt concentration dependence of the mobilities of the different anions. With respect to the mobilities of the lithium ions, we demonstrate that the latter moves primarily by a structural diffusion mechanism involving refreshing of the solvation shell during hopping. Further, for the majority of the lithium ions, the solvation shell is shown to be comprised of co‐coordinated Type2 anions, and that the number of polycations and the unique polymer chains involved in such coordination decreases with increasing salt concentration. Such changes are shown to weaken the solvation shell around the lithium, thereby facilitating faster ion motion. Together, our results suggest that systems in which the anion which exhibits a stronger coordination to the polycation in comparison to that of the lithium can facilitate higher transference numbers without a concomitant reduction in the mechanical strength.
Nanotechnology: A Potential Weapon to Fight against COVID‐19
Authors: Tiwari Atul K. , Mishra Anupa , Pandey Govind , Gupta Munesh K. , Pandey Prem C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 infections have posed an unprecedented global health emergency, with nearly three million deaths to date, and have caused substantial economic loss globally. Hence, an urgent exploration of effective and safe diagnostic/therapeutic approaches for minimizing the threat of this highly pathogenic coronavirus infection is needed. As an alternative to conventional diagnosis and antiviral agents, nanomaterials have a great potential to cope with the current or even future health emergency situation with a wide range of applications. Fundamentally, nanomaterials are physically and chemically tunable and can be employed for the next generation nanomaterial‐based detection of viral antigens and host antibodies in body fluids as antiviral agents, nanovaccine, suppressant of cytokine storm, nanocarrier for efficient delivery of antiviral drugs at infection site or inside the host cells, and can also be a significant tool for better understanding of the gut microbiome and SARS‐CoV‐2 interaction. The applicability of nanomaterial‐based therapeutic options to cope with the current and possible future pandemic is discussed here.
The impact of dams on the river connectivity of the two largest river basins in China
Authors: Yujun Yi , Yanning Gao , Shanghong Zhang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDams are built on rivers for power generation, flood prevention and control, and water resources utilization. However, dams also reduce the connectivity of rivers, which hinders the exchange of material and organisms within rivers. The Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin are the two largest river basins in China. In this study, the connectivity of these two huge and highly impacted systems was investigated. The Dendritic Connectivity Index (DCI) was applied to evaluate the impact on river connectivity of dams with a reservoir capacity of larger than 0.1 km3. The results show that river connectivity decreased following an increase in dam construction. The connectivity of the Yangtze River Basin was close to 80 (0 is completely disconnected and 100 is connectivity under natural condition) in the 1980s, but declined significantly after the Gezhouba Dam was constructed on the mainstream of the Yangtze River. From 1980 to 2010, the connectivity of the Yellow River Basin was always lower than that of the Yangtze River Basin. The changes in the connectivity indices of potamodromous fish (DCIp) and diadromous fish (DCId) were determined for the period of 1980–2010. In the Yangtze River Basin, the DCIp decreased by 67.28% and the DCId decreased by 65.72%. In the Yellow River Basin, the DCIp decreased by 43.8% and the DCId decreased by 100%. In conclusion, the construction of dams, especially those on the main stream, has reduced the connectivity of the basin. The connectivity of the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin has been severely affected.
Rehabilitation of the Doce River Basin after the Fundão dam collapse: What has been done, what can be done and what should be done?
Authors: Cordeiro Juni , Gomes Alessandra R. , Santos Carlos Henrique B. , Rigobelo Everlon Cid , Baptista Marcio B. , Moura Priscilla Macedo , Scotti Maria Rita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFive years after the failure of the Fundão Dam in Brazil, no scientific report has been published regarding the rehabilitation interventions performed by the Renova Foundation, which is solely responsible for the rehabilitation of the Doce River Basin. This study aimed to assess the fluvial and riparian rehabilitation efforts performed by Renova, as well as to test and propose alternatives, when appropriate. Before the dam rupture, the fluvial system showed a single‐thread morphology that was sinuous and meandering. After the rupture, changes occurred in the river dynamics with strong sediment deposition in riparian areas, resulting in the loss of several meandering streams, oxbow‐lakes, lagoons, and fluvial islands. There was also a loss of the riparian vegetation, from 61% to 6%, as estimated by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Renova subjected nearly 61% of the study area to fluvial rehabilitation techniques, particularly using rip‐rap or larssen sheet piling (37%) and erosion control fibre blankets (17%). However, 50% of these interventions have been unsuccessful because the rip‐rap was poorly positioned and the biodegradable fibre blankets decomposed rapidly. We recommend changing the position of the rip‐rap from convex to concave banks and to avoid using biodegradable fibre blankets. Instead, we encourage the planting of riparian forests with native species to form buffer zone systems. Renova' riparian rehabilitation attempts were found to have low success rates, which was attributed to the unaddressed presence of toxic compounds, such as sodium and ether amine. However, our results proved that riparian rehabilitation using native species is feasible, if physical, chemical, biological, and phyto‐remediation strategies are adopted, to alleviate the ether amine and sodium toxicity.
Riverbed deformation and its response to human intervention on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Wei Xu , Heqin Cheng , Shuwei Zheng , Yuehua Jiang , Quanping Zhou , Guoqiang Yang , Huaizhi Yan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe operation of the world's largest hydropower dam, the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), has significantly influenced the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (YR). However, research has not been conducted on the impact of local engineering projects on the evolution of the tidal channel of the YR. This study used historical water depth and level data to analyze the factors influencing riverbed deformation in the Nanjing reach of the tidal channel of the YR. Moreover, the effect of local engineering projects on riverbed deformation in the study area was quantitatively analyzed. Our results indicated that between 1998 and 2013, ~78.26 × 106 m3of sediment accumulated in the study area. The goose‐head bifurcated section of this reach exhibited the most significant change in riverbed deformation during this period. Between 1998 and 2013, 46.97 × 106 m3of sediment accumulated in this section, the riverbed elevation increased by 1.01 m, and the thalweg increased by 2.78 m. Quantitative analysis of the volume of sediment accumulated in the near‐bank area indicated that revetment engineering accounted for >40% of the accumulation. The results of this study provide a more accurate understanding of channel deformation in the lower reaches of the YR. Moreover, the results will improve the prediction accuracy of river channel evolution and assist in channel regulation and future local engineering construction projects.
Temperature effects on sorption of dissolved organic matter on ferrihydrite under dynamic flow and batch conditions
Authors: Daugherty Ellen E. , Lobo Gabriel P. , Young Robert B. , Pallud Céline , Borch Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccurately predicting the effect of temperature on soil C storage remains a crucial objective in the effort to understand, mitigate, and adapt to climate change. Associations between soil organic C and short‐range order minerals like the iron hydroxide ferrihydrite contribute substantially to C sequestration, but little is known about how these associations respond to changes in temperature. We investigated the effects of temperature (7, 25, and 45 °C) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) source and fraction on DOM sorption to ferrihydrite‐coated sand in continuous flow and batch systems at circumneutral pH. Our findings demonstrate a positive relationship between temperature and adsorption, especially between 25 and 45 °C. For aquatic DOM, desorption also increased appreciably with temperature, whereas desorption of peat and soil DOM was less sensitive. More aquatic DOM adsorbed compared with soil DOM at all temperatures, but flow studies revealed that aquatic DOM also desorbed at higher rates. Modeling of DOM breakthrough curves using the advection‐diffusion equation with a modified Freundlich isotherm suggested the partition coefficient increased over time. Specific ultraviolet absorbance values of initial column effluents were low, suggesting that aromatic‐rich compounds preferentially adsorbed to the mineral surface. Our results indicate that some circumstances may favor the accumulation of DOM on iron mineral surfaces as temperature increases, potentially removing organic substrates from the accessible dissolved C pool. However, the stability of new associations likely depends on the chemical characteristics of DOM and the conditions under which it adsorbed.
Chronic exposure to ammonia induces oxidative stress and enhanced glycolysis in lung of piglets
Authors: Qin Wenhao , Shen Long , Wang Qiankun , Gao Yun , She Mengqi , Li Xiaoping , Tan Zuojun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmmonia is one of the major environmental pollutants in the pig industry that seriously affects the airway health of pigs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic profiling changes of piglets’ lung tissue after the exposure of 0 ppm (CG), 20 ppm (LG) and 50 ppm (HG) ammonia for 30 days. Compared with the control group, the obvious lung lesions were observed in HG, including interstitial thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration and focal hemorrhage. The significantly increased content of malondialdehyde in HG, combined with the significantly decreased mRNA expression of antioxidase and inflammatory‐regulators in exposure groups, implied that ammonia exposure induced oxidative stress and diminished the anti‐inflammatory response in lung tissues. Metabolomic analyses of lung tissues revealed 15 significantly altered metabolites among the three groups including multiple amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. The accumulation of succinic acid, linoleic acid and phosphorylethanolamine and consumption of glucose, quinolinic acid and aspartic acid in ammonia exposure groups, indicated that energy supply from glucose aerobic oxidation was suppressed and the glycolysis and lipolysis were activated in lung tissues induced by chronic ammonia exposure.
Preventative pneumopexy in the management of concurrent right cranial and middle lung lobe torsion following right caudal lung lobectomy in a dog
Authors: Davidson Catherine , López Jiménez Cristóbal , Garcia Arce Marta , Liuti Tiziana , Bowlt Blacklock Kelly 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 4‐year‐old female neutered Welsh Springer Spaniel was presented with pneumothorax secondary to a migrating foreign body in the right caudal lung lobe. Within 24 hours following thoracic exploration and hilar lung lobectomy, the patient deteriorated. CT was consistent with lobar torsion. A second median sternotomy identified concurrent right cranial and middle lung lobe torsion. Hilar lobectomy of the affected lobes was performed. To prevent lobar torsion of the remaining lobe, a preventative accessory lobe pneumopexy was performed, potentially averting an additional surgical procedure and reducing total lung capacity to less than the reported minimum critical mass compatible with survival. No complications following accessory lung lobe pneumopexy were encountered in this single case. Although post‐lobectomy lung lobe torsion appears to be rare in dogs, clinicians should be aware of this potentially life‐threatening complication. This case report documents the first description of pneumopexy as a preventative procedure in a dog.
Benign focal L5 nerve root enlargement in a dog
Authors: Mella Stephanie , Jimenez Carolina Palacios , De Decker Steven 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn English Springer Spaniel presented with an acute onset, progressive, left pelvic limb lameness. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and intraoperative findings revealed an enlarged L5 left nerve root without additional abnormalities and, therefore, no underlying cause for the nerve root enlargement could be identified. The dog made a quick recovery following hemilaminectomy and was clinically normal 45 months after surgery. Morphometric analysis was obtained by measuring sagittal intervertebral foramen (IVF) surface areas. IVF areas in the clinical case were similar to unpublished data in normal English Springer Spaniels. Although a diagnosis of primary IVF stenosis could not be confirmed morphometrically, the lack of additional anatomical abnormalities in combination with an excellent clinical outcome was supportive of this condition. Nerve root enlargement can be caused by benign or malignant conditions.
A case of secondary abdominal ectopic pregnancy in a bitch
Authors: Yenilmez Kudret , Dogan Halef 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCases of ectopic pregnancy (EP) and associated fetal mumification in bitches have been rarely reported. In this case report, it was aimed to present a case of secondary abdominal EP diagnosed in a 3‐year‐old bitch. Abdominal EP was incidentally diagnosed by radiographic examination of the bitch, which had a traffic accident, for likely possible fractures in the body. This case, which can be classified as secondary abdominal EP, was found to be compatible with the literature. The ectopic fetuses were removed from the body by surgical method, and the bitch was fully recovered.
Biological process architecture in continuous‐flow activated sludge by gravimetry: Controlling densified biomass form and function in a hybrid granule–floc process at Dijon WRRF, France
Authors: Roche Clément , Donnaz Sylvain , Murthy Sudhir , Wett Bernhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFull‐scale demonstration of activated sludge conversion into a granule–floc hybrid process was implemented in Dijon (France) water resource recovery facility (WRRF). Biomass densification was achieved based on external gravimetric selection using hydrocyclones within continuous‐flow anaerobic‐anoxic‐oxic (A2O) biological nutrient removal (BNR) bioreactor. The goal was to optimize settleability of biological sludge by lowering and stabilizing sludge volume index (SVI) to improve process robustness and resiliency. Process proved to stabilize operation and to uncouple the total solids residence time (SRT) between floc and granule morphologies. The densified biomass initially produced stable SVI < 100 ml/g for a period of 4 months and thereafter a steady state year‐round SVI below 50 ml/g, including the winter period during which the control train SVI expansion >200 ml/g. The densified biomass successfully broke the vicious cycle of interannual bulking. Form and function interrelationship is proposed for the densified biomass (hybrid floc–granule). The concept of biological architecture is proposed as the purposeful control of granule and floc proportions, with a proposed “form factor” ratio of 1:2 granule to floc, that produce a “SRT uncoupling function factor” ratio of 4:1 granule to floc, further resulting in very stable settling and effluent functionalities.Practitioner Points

Controlling granule–floc proportions allows for sludge volume index (SVI) operational adjustment, which further allows for increased clarified design accuracy.
One‐third aggregates dramatically improved settling characteristics: 20% and 35% of AGS ensures SVIs below 100 and 50 ml/g, respectively.

Densified biomass enables new SRT and clarifier flux rates approaches for engineering and operation practices:

Doubling typical surface loading rates from 6.0–8.5 to 15–20 kg m−2 h−1 and surface overflow rates from 0.6–0.8 to 1.5–2.4 m/h
SRT uncoupling of 1:4 is achieved between floc and granule, enabling specific niche environment for fast and slow growing organisms.