bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on sugarcane varieties in the production of pre-sprouted seedlings
Authors: Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa  , Victor Gustavo Cunha Alves  , Larissa Escalfi Tristão  , Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo  
Published: March 2021

Brazil is considered the largest producer of sugarcane in the world, the main raw material for the production of ethanol and sugar. The objective was to evaluatethe effect of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sugarcane varieties in the production of pre-sprouted seedlings. An experiment was carried out in acompletely randomized design, in a double factorial 4x2, with four varieties of cane: IACSP95-5000; IAC91-1099; IACSP95-5094 and IACSP97-4039 which interactedwith and without the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the substrate, with 20 repetitions, totaling 160 experimental units. The use of the mycorrhizal fungi cocktail provided changes in the initial development of the varieties IACSP97-4039, IACSP95-5094 and IACSP95-5000. The inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased the parameters of the leaf area, the weight of the root dry matter, the adaxial epidermal thickness, the abaxial epidermal thickness, the phloem diameter and the mesophyll thickness.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammatory Markers in Alzheimer’s Disease: Influence of Comorbidities
Authors: Wang Ying , Emre Ceren , Gyllenhammar-Schill Helena , Fjellman Karin , Eyjolfsdottir Helga , Eriksdotter Maria , Schultzberg Marianne , Hjorth Erik 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) develops into dementia after several years, and
subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are used as intermediary
diagnoses of increasing severity. Inflammation is an important part of AD pathology and provides
potential novel biomarkers and treatment targets.

Objective:
To identify novel potential biomarkers of AD in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and create a molecular
pattern of inflammatory factors providing differentiation between AD and SCI.

Methods:
We analyzed 43 inflammatory-related mediators in CSF samples from a cohort of SCI and
AD cases vetted for confounding factors (Training cohort). Using multivariate analysis (MVA), a
model for discrimination between SCI and AD was produced, which we then applied to a larger nonvetted
cohort (named Test cohort). The data were analyzed for factors showing differences between
diagnostic groups and factors that differed between the vetted and non-vetted cohorts. The relationship
of the factors to the agreement between model and clinical diagnosis was investigated.

Results:
A good MVA model able to discriminate AD from SCI without including tangle and plaque
biomarkers was produced from the Training cohort. The model showed 50% agreement with clinical
diagnosis in the Test cohort. Comparison of the cohorts indicated different patterns of factors distinguishing
SCI from AD. As an example, soluble interleukin (IL)-6Rα showed lower levels in AD cases
in the Training cohort, whereas placental growth factor (PlGF) and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels
were higher in AD cases of the Test cohort. The levels of p-tau were also higher in the Training cohort.

Conclusion:
This study provides new knowledge regarding the involvement of inflammation in AD by
indicating different patterns of factors in CSF depending on whether potential confounding comorbidities
are present or not, and presents sIL-6Rα as a potential new biomarker for improved diagnosis of
AD.
Parent Experiences With Electronic Medication Monitoring in Pediatric Asthma Management: Qualitative Study
Authors: Kan Kristin , Shaunfield Sara , Kanaley Madeleine , Chadha Avneet , Boon Kathy , Foster Carolyn C , Morales Luis , Labellarte Patricia , Vojta Deneen , Gupta Ruchi S 
Published: March 2021

Background
Electronic medication monitoring (EMM) is a digital tool that can be used for tracking daily medication use. Previous studies of EMM in asthma management have been conducted in adults or have examined pediatric interventions that use EMM for less than 1 year. To understand how to improve EMM-enhanced interventions, it is necessary to explore the experiences of parents of children with asthma, recruited from outpatient practices, who completed a 12-month intervention trial.

Objective
The objective of our study was to use qualitative inquiry to answer the following questions: (1) how did using an EMM-enhanced intervention change parents'/caregivers’ experiences of managing their child’s asthma, and (2) what do parents recommend for improving the intervention in the future?

Methods
Parents were recruited from the intervention arm of a multicomponent health intervention enhanced by Bluetooth-enabled sensors placed on inhaler medications. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 parents of children aged 4-12 years with asthma. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and inductively analyzed using a constant comparative approach.

Results
Interview participants reflected an even mix of publicly and privately insured children and a diverse racial-ethnic demographic. Parents discussed 6 key themes related to their experience with the EMM-enhanced intervention for the management of their child's asthma: (1) compatibility with the family's lifestyle, (2) impact on asthma management, (3) impact on the child’s health, (4) emotional impact of the intervention, (5) child’s engagement in asthma management with the intervention, and (6) recommendations for future intervention design. Overall, parents reported that the 12-month EMM intervention was compatible with their daily lives, positively influenced their preventive and acute asthma management, and promoted their child's engagement in their own asthma management. While parents found the intervention acceptable and generally favorable, some parents identified compatibility issues for families with multiple caregivers and frustration when the technology malfunctioned.

Conclusions
Parents generally viewed the intervention as a positive influence on the management of their child's asthma. However, our study also highlighted technology challenges related to having multiple caregivers, which will need to be addressed in future iterations for families. Attention must be paid to the needs of parents from low socioeconomic households, who may have more limited access to reliable internet or depend on other relatives for childcare. Understanding these family factors will help refine how a digital tool can be adopted into daily disease management of pediatric asthma.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRAINING MODEL FOR ADMINISTRATIVE LEADERSHIP COMPETENCE BASED ON ACTION-BASED LEARNING IN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Sulastri Sulastri 
Published: March 2021

Introduction/Main Objectives: This research is motivated by the findings of the preliminary research conducted at the administrative leaders at Universitas Negeri Padang. Background Problems: Less optimal leadership competency in administrative leadership in terms of change management, conflict management, communication, decision making, team building, and the ability to improve performance. Novelty: This model can support any program and support the expansion of the master program and/or development of the doctoral level in leadership and management of higher education, especially for the development of the capacity of structural leaders. Furthermore, this model has a very large contribution also to increase the capacity building of universities. In addition, this model can be used as the basis for opening a special study program for leaders, in increasing their leadership competence. Research Methods: This research is a development research using ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. In accordance with the results of preliminary research that has been done, then the model is developed through a process of self-evaluation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), one to one trial and small group testing and large group testing. Research data were collected using a questionnaire, observation, and a questionnaire. The collected data is analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Finding/Results: This study produced 4 (four) products, namely model book, material book, instructor guidebook and participant guidebook. These products were declared to be very valid by experts both in terms of construction, content and linguistic aspects so that they were suitable for use. Practicality test results show that it is very practical for the four products that have been developed.Conclusion: Furthermore, this model has a very large contribution also to increase the capacity building of universities.
Is There Learning in Service Learning? Measuring the Extent to Which VITA Participation Improves Student Technical Competence and Soft Skills
Authors: Bootsma Michael , Jeffrey Cynthia , Perkins Jon D. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Students participate in the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance program (VITA) to improve both technical competence and soft skills. To date, research primarily assesses student perceptions about these outcomes. We empirically measure and test for changes in technical competence and soft skills at the beginning and end of VITA participation at one major midwestern university. Our results indicate first-time participants in VITA improve in technical competence, but students do not become better calibrated with respect to “knowing what they know” as a result of VITA participation. Importantly however, participants in the program improve in their soft skills. Further, both first-time and repeat participants improve their communication skills, although we do not find improvement in interpersonal relations or personal abilities for repeat participants. In sum, our empirical results indicate that the VITA program does deliver the hoped-for outcomes across a wide range of skills.
Improvement of the organizational mechanisms of the eu foreign policy and foundation of the European Union diplomatic service
Authors: Habbabh Ammar , Mescheryakova Olga Mikhailovna 
Published: March 2021

The authors pursue the aim to study the formation, evolution and regularities of the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union, as well as the European Union diplomatic service. The methodological basis of this study consists of historicism, systematism, analysis, statistics and comparative jurisprudence. The author's position is based on the legislation and ideas of representatives of the competent scientific community on the issue of common foreign and security policy of the European Union, the regularities of its improvement and development. On the basis of the legal analysis of the European Union law the differentiation of the characteristic features of its foreign policy is carried out as well as issues of legal regulation of the diplomatic service are raised. As a result of the study the significance of the right choice of organizational and legal forms of development of any sphere of the integration process and, in particular, common foreign and security policy, not only for its effective functioning, but also for further progressive development of the integration process as a whole has been revealed.
In vivo histomorphologically evaluate of the initial bone healing in geopolymer-carbonated apatite nanocomposites as a potential dental implant material
Authors: Sutanto Dahlia , Satari Mieke Hemiawati , Hernowo Bethy Suryawathy , Priosoeryanto Bambang Pontjo , Septawendar Rifki , Asri Lia Amelia Tresna Wulan , Purwasasmita Bambang Sunendar 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Dental implants have become more common treatment for replacing missing teeth. Titanium and zirconia have been widely applied as dental implant material because of their excellent biocompatibility and biomechanics properties. However, they are lack of biologically active surface that encourages osseointegration and their mechanical properties significant different from enamel and dentin value. Carbonate apatite Ca10(PO4)x(CO3)y(OH)z comprises a chemical composition closer to bone and enamel. Calcium phosphate are widely used as biomaterials, their osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties have shown beneficial effect on bone osteogenesis. Geopolymers are ceramic-like inorganic polymers, they have excellent mechanical properties, bioactivity, biocompatibility, suitable for hard tissue prostheses, and environmentally friendly. The aim of the study was to evaluate the initial bone healing in geopolymer-carbonated apatite (CHA) nanocomposites. Methods: Geopolymer-CHA nanocomposites samples were prepared in cylinder of 3 mm diameter and 6 mm thickness and placed in the tibia of eight healthy male breeding New Zealand white rabbits weighing 3.0 to 3.5 kg and 6 month aged. Experimental subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups for evaluating initial bone healing capability around samples to 14 and 28 days histomorphologically. Wilcoxon test was performed and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant, Minitab software version 13 was used. Result:Granulation tissue, woven, and lamellar bone were analyzed. Day 14 revealed a reactive bone formation, which was characterized by granulation tissue, fibroblasts were in an organized extracellular collagen matrix, osteoblast that directly laid out woven bone contained of immature osteoids, and immature osteocytes were observed. The formation of dense fibrocollagen connective tissue that would be the cartilage, osteoblasts, osteoids, and osteocytes showed more mature while woven bone became denser at day 28.Conclusion: Geopolymer-CHA nanocomposites was a potential dental implant material from mechanical and biological properties point of view.Keywords: Histomorphologically, initial bone response, geopolimer-carbonated apatite nanocomposites, dental implant material
The antibacterial effect of β-pinene derived from Citrus aurantifolia against oral Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Julaeha Euis , Herlina Tati , Nurzaman Mohamad , Mayanti Tri , Kurnia Dikdik , Sari Elizabeth Fitriana 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Streptococcus mutans has been known to play a major role in dental caries development. This tooth decay is the most common oral disease affecting people in the world. Hence, discovering the new herbal antibacterial agent seems to become promising yet challenging. One of herbal antibacterial source is Jeruk Nipis or namely Citrus aurantifolia, as it is believed to contain biological active compounds that may act as antibacterial to kill pathogenic oral microbes. This study was aimed evaluated antibacterial effect of β-pinene derived from Citrus aurantifolia against oral Streptococcus mutans. Methods: Type of research is quasi experimental research. The essential of C. aurantifolia essential oil was prepared and isolated using the hydro-distillation technique and further isolation of antibacterial compounds was conducted by combination column chromatography using organic solvent, and the structure was determined by infrared (IR), 1D NMR of 1H-, 13C-NMR and DEPT 135° in CDCl3, and UV-Vis spectrometer methods. The antibacterial activity was tested against Streptococcus mutans using the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: 0.75% yield was extracted from the essential oil of Citrus aurantifolia and after purification, an antibacterial compound was identified as β-pinene with the molecular formula C10H16. Furthermore, the Citrus aurantifolia exerted inhibition growth of Streptococcus mutans at concentration of 2000, 1000, and 500 ppm showed reduction in paper disk as much as 13.0, 11.9, and 11.6 mm respectively. Conclusion: Antibacterial effect of β-pinene derived from Citrus aurantifolia against oral Streptococcus mutans. This is proven that β-pinene derived from Citrus aurantifolia prospective as antibacterial compound that potentially can be used as another herbal antibacterial of choice to manage dental disease associated with Streptococcus mutans infection.
Morfologi Akar Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.), Serapan Hara N, P, dan K Akibat Pemberian Beberapa Jenis Biochar pada Tanah Bekas Galian Tambang
Authors: Darusman Darusman , Syakur* Syakur , Zaitun Zaitun , Jufri Yadi , Manfarizah Manfarizah 
Published: March 2021

Bamboo chips, palm shells, and rice husks waste are environmental pollutants, but have the potential to be processed by pyrolysis to become biochar. Biochar is organic products rich in carbon, high in micro pores and very suitable for amending degraded (damaged) lands. Quality of biohar to be used as a soil amendment is highly dependent on is the raw material (feedstocks) to make biochar itself. The research objective was to find out the most suitable type of biochar to be used as a soil amendment for ex-mining land, so that the growth and production of plants can be optimum. The research has been carried out in the experimental station of the Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh from August to December 2019 using soil from ex-excavated coal mines of PT. Mifa in West Aceh, Aceh Province. The plant parameters studied were morphological parameters of plant roots (length, weight, specific root length and ratio of roots to plant shoot), nutrient uptake of N, P, and K planted on ex-mine excavated soil. The study was designed using a non-factorial randomized block design consisting of two observation treatment factors, namely the type of biochar treatment (bamboo, palm shell, rice husk) and the dose of biochar (0, 10, 20 ton ha-1), and repeated 3 times. The observations that were observed included the components of root morphology and nutrient uptake of N, P and K plants. Biochar characteristics were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Chemical-physical analyses of soil and plants were based on the procedure issued by the Soil Research Institute, Bogor. The effect among treatments was carried out by a variance analyses test (ANOVA) and if there was an effect, the honestly difference test (Tuckey-HSD) was continued at the level of 0.05. The results showed that the type of biochar had a significant effect on root morphology and nutrient uptake of N, P and K plants. Application biochar of rice husk with the amount of 20 tons ha-1 showed the best treatment for all the parameters studied, this is because nitrogen content in rice husk biochar contribute to growing corn crop. This study also found that bamboo biochar and palm shells gave a negative response when the amount of administration was increased to 20 tonnes ha-1 except for rice husk biochar.
Рассмотрение исков о расовой дискриминации: вопросы юрисдикции и приемлемости в деле «Украина против России»
Authors: Orakhelashvili A. 
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION. Over the past decade, the International Court of Justice has been requested to adjudicate on claims under 1965 Convention against Racial Discrimination (CERD). While adjudication under treaty compromissory clauses is not uncommon, the Court’s jurisdiction under CERD is subject to conditions that are not replicated under other multilateral treaties. Therefore, the Court’s use of compromissory clause under CERD raises complex issues of treaty interpretation as well as of the Court’s compliance with consensually established limits of its own authority.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article proceeds to examine the Court’s application of jurisdictional clause under Article 22 CERD in the case of Ukraine v Russia from the positivist legal perspective. It assesses the Court’s use of treaty interpretation methods relating to the text and context of Article 22, as well as CERD’s object and purpose. After assessing the Court’s analysis of its jurisdiction, the article proceeds to examine the Court’s use of the rule on exhaustion of local remedies which is one the condition of the admissibility of claims in cases relating to treatment of individual and their groups.RESEARCH RESULTS. The article demonstrates that the Court’s interpretation of Article 22 CERD does not accurately identify the meaning of this provision, especially the meaning of the word “or” contained in it. As a consequence, the Court ends up asserting jurisdiction in the case before the Committee established under CERD has dealt with it. Moreover, the Court concludes that the victims of alleged racial discrimination do not have to exhaust local remedies. This conclusion places the Court at odds with previous jurisprudence of all major international tribunals.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. It becomes clear that the Court has asserted jurisdiction over the case even though CERD provisions did not confer that jurisdiction to it, and that local remedies were not exhausted anyway. As this face forms one rather small part of overall Russia-Ukraine relations, a temptation could obviously arise to justify the Court’s flawed legal reasoning by considerations of ethics, politics, ideology or justice. However, positivist legal reasoning requires maintaining that the Court operates on the basis of State consent, and any neglect for that fact risks negative consequences for the overall efficiency of international adjudication.
Capacidad de autocuidado en adultos mayores para la realización de actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria Centro Poblado el Ron Cajaruro -2018
Authors: Silva Díaz Yshoner Antonio , Mendoza Quijano Elito 
Published: March 2021

<p>El presente estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo, nivel descriptivo, de tipo observacional, prospectivo, transversal y univariado, cuyo objetivo fue: Determinar la capacidad de autocuidado en adultos mayores para la realización de actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria del Centro Poblado el Ron Cajaruro -2018. La muestra estuvo conformada por de 86 adultos mayores para la recolección de datos se utilizó el método de la encuesta y la técnica del cuestionario, se utilizó el instrumento modificado de Lawton y Brody “Actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria” Presenta un coeficiente de reproductividad inter e intraobservador alto (0. 94). En los resultados se encontró que del 100% de los adultos mayores el 80.2 % es dependiente y el 19.8 % es independiente, así mismo el sexo masculino posee el índice de mayor dependencia con 85.7%, y el sexo femenino con una dependencia de 73%, el grupo etario de 81 años a mas mostro un mayor índice de dependencia 100%, y de 71-80 años menor dependencia con 73.7%. En las dimensiones procedimentales se encontró que la responsabilidad de la medicación y medio de transporte fueron las dimensiones con mayor índice de dependencia con 83.7% y 75.6% respectivamente. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que la capacidad de autocuidado en adultos mayores del centro poblado el Ron para la realización de actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria es dependiente, más de la mitad de dicha población no practica su autocuidado.</p>
Prevalencia de neurocisticercosis en el Hospital Regional Virgen de Fátima, Chachapoyas, Perú, 2018-2019
Authors: Velaysosa Tafur Américo , Chávez Milla Julio Mariano 
Published: March 2021

<p class="Default">El objetivo de la presente investigación fue, identificar la prevalencia de la neurocisticercosis según la etapa vesicular y nodular calcificada en el hospital Regional Virgen de Fátima de la ciudad de Chachapoyas de enero del 2018 a junio del 2019. Para recolectar los datos se utilizó una ficha de registro de la neurocisticercosis. La muestra de estudio estuvo constituida por todas las historias clínicas de los pacientes que se realizaron una tomografía cerebral para descartar neurocisticercosis, siendo un total de 1080 pacientes. Se utilizó una ficha de recolección de datos y la información final fue procesada en el software SPSS versión 28, Microsoft Word y Excel. En los resultados se evidencio que la tasa de prevalencia de neurocisticercosis fue de 13.24%, la tasa de prevalencia de neurocisticercosis según la etapa vesicular fue de 6.11% y la tasa de prevalencia de neurocisticercosis según la etapa nodular calcificada fue de 7.13%. En conclusión existe un pequeño porcentaje de prevalencia de neurocisticercosis en el hospital Regional Virgen de Fátima.</p>