bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adhesion concept in cancer biology: local and central mechanisms (part 2)
Authors: Bocharova O. A. , Matveev V. B. , Bocharov E. V. , Karpova R. V. , Kucheryanu V. G. 
Published: December 2021

The review presents the concept the key mechanism of the tumor process is a violation of adhesion interactions involving local and central mechanisms. Local features of adhesive dysregulation are demonstrated in the part 1. The second part describes the central processes. Features of local adhesive dysregulation which provides the main properties of the tumor (loss of tissue control of proliferation, anaplasia, invasion, metastasis, lack of immunological surveillance) can be controlled by central mechanisms involving the dopaminergic system which is able using immunoadhesional interactions to regulate the active phase of immune responses against the tumor interfering the process and thus interrupting the development of a malignant neoplasm initiated by a local mutation in the target tissue. The proposed concept of the adhesion key role dysregulation in the target tissue neoplasia and the processes of immunoreactivity involving the loss of central dopamine as an adhesive-damaging factor at the level of immune responses reveals among other things the stress mechanism of cancer etiology. At the same time, the central dopamine directly affects the level of dopamine in the peripheral body. The main reserves of peripheral dopamine in platelets and blood lymphocytes can serve as a guarantee of antitumor protection. Being the production of lymphocytes peripheral dopamine plays a role in the maturation of cytotoxic lymphocytes promoting their migration to tumor nodes, the formation of conjugates with tumor cells. So, dopamine participates in the active phase of immune responses against the tumor contributing to the support of adhesive interactions between immune effectors and target cells. The latter also helps to protect the body from tumor diseases which obviously shorten life.The adhesive concept of local and central control of tumor formation creates a certain perspective for improving the effectiveness of diagnosticis, prevention and treatment methods which can be a step towards solving the problem of malignant neoplasms.
Design Records Appraisal Tool
Authors: Leventhal Aliza , Thompson Jody , Anderson Alison , Schubert Sarah , Altenbach Andi 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
A common obstacle during the appraisal of design records is the specialized vernacular creators use to describe them. As a result, archival professionals may feel unprepared for discussions with potential donors while acquiring these distinct and sometimes problematic materials. Using authoritative architectural and archival sources, the authors expanded on existing literature to develop appraisal grid templates that generally align with different collecting institutions' missions and overarching development and retention policies and created a consolidated and comprehensive glossary of design phases, categories, and definitions to use as a reference. The authors hope that this resource will assist those who are unfamiliar with the design process to interpret disparate design record types, to inform the appraisal process, and ultimately, to make accessioning decisions.
Counterweight: Helen Samuels, Archival Decolonization, and Social License
Authors: Bak Greg 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Helen Samuels sought to document institutions in society by adding to official archives counterweights of private records and archivist-created records such as oral histories. In this way, she recognized and sought to mitigate biases that arise from institution-centric application of archival functionalism. Samuels's thinking emerged from a late-twentieth-century consensus on the social license for archival appraisal, which formed around the work of West German archivist Hans Booms, who wrote, “If there is indeed anything or anyone qualified to lend legitimacy to archival appraisal, it is society itself.” Today, archivists require renewed social license in light of acknowledgment that North American governments and institutions sought to open lands for settlement and for exploitation of natural resources by removing or eliminating Indigenous peoples. Can a society be said to “lend legitimacy” to archival appraisal when it has grossly violated human, civil, and Indigenous rights?
Starting from the question of how to create an adequate archives of Canada's Indigenous residential school system, the author locates Samuels's work amid other late-twentieth-century work on appraisal and asks how far her thinking can take us in pursuit of archival decolonization.
The Redescending M estimator For detection and deletion of Outliers in Regression analysis
Authors: Anekwe Stella , Onyeagu Sidney 
Published: December 2021

Outliers in a statistical analysis strongly affect the performance of the ordinary least squares, such outliers need to be detected and extreme outliers deleted. Thisp is aimed at proposing a Redescending M-estimator which is more efficient and robust compared to other existing methods. The results show that the proposed method is effective in detection and deletion of extreme outliers compared to the other existing ones.
Beyond East and West: What ‘Ladder’ Did John Wu Use Towards This Goal? (Part Two)
Authors: Wesołowski Zbigniew 
Published: December 2021

John Wu Jingxiong (1899-1986) was a diplomat, scholar, and authority on international law. He was also a prominent Chinese Catholic convert. His spiritual autobiography Beyond East and West (1951) reminds us of the Confessiones of St. Augustine for its moving description of John Wu’s conversion to Catholicism in 1937 and his early years as a Catholic. The very title of Wu’s autobiography points to his spiritual ideal which let humanity go beyond cultural particularities (be they Western, Chinese, or other). John Wu found wisdom in China’s great traditions, i.e., Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism, pointing to their universal truths that come ultimately from, and are fulfilled in, Christ. The author of this contribution has searched for John Wu’s universal traits which go beyond any culture and calls them, metaphorically, a “ladder”. He has found a threefold ladder, i.e. that of the Christian faith, of human friendship and human and divine love, and that of natural law.
System władzy w ChRL w okresie reform: Ewolucja, wyzwania, sprzeczności. Część II: lata 2012-2020
Authors: Pawłowski Józef 
Published: December 2021

Niniejszy tekst stanowi analizę przemian w strukturach władzy w ChRL oraz ewolucji modelu rządów w tym kraju, jakie nastąpiły po XVIII zjeździe Komunistycznej Partii Chin, to jest po objęciu przez Xi Jinpinga stanowiska sekretarza generalnego partii. Zauważalny już w okresie rządów Hu Jintao kryzys modelu „kolektywnego kierownictwa” przyczynił się do tego, że po 2012 r. rozpoczęło się konsolidowanie władzy oraz kompetencji w ręku niewielkiej liczby instancji partyjnych, nad którymi bezpośredni nadzór objął Xi Jinping. Celem tego działania było odzyskanie przez najwyższe gremia decyzyjne kontroli nad całym aparatem partyjno-państwowym a w rezultacie skuteczniejsze zarządzanie krajem i bardziej efektywna implementacja reform. Wprowadzanie przez Xi Jinpinga nowego, jednoosobowego modelu podejmowania kluczowych decyzji wiązało się także z osłabianiem czy wręcz eliminacją wpływowych grup interesu w partii i aparacie państwowym, czego przejawem stała się kampania zwalczania korupcji oraz szereg działań dyscyplinarnych zastosowanych wobec urzędników wszystkich szczebli.
Okres po XVIII zjeździe KPCh to także czas formowania się nowego układu w elitach władzy. Z jednej strony znaczącą czy wręcz kluczową pozycję w procesie decyzyjnym uzyskali bliscy doradcy i stronnicy Xi Jinpinga, z drugiej – w organach władzy wyższego szczebla zaczęły kształtować się grupy i frakcje niepowiązane ściśle z jednym z poprzednich przywódców, lecz oparte na wspólnej tożsamości zawodowej, branżowej, pokoleniowej oraz na określonych wizjach drogi dalszego rozwoju, jaką Chiny winny podążać. Ostatnia dekada to ponadto okres wyraźnego wzrostu znaczenia instytucji doradczych i gremiów eksperckich w zakresie planowania polityki.
The Importance of Hong Kong in the Political and Economic Strategy of the Chinese Communist Authorities under Xi Jinping
Authors: Bielicki Paweł 
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to present and analyse the importance of Hong Kong in the political and economic strategy of the communist authorities in China under Xi Jinping. I am going to try to answer the question of whether China’s policy towards the Special Autonomous District has changed after the President of China came to power. I have decided to present this topic as a result of the discussions in the discourse on the future of Hong Kong in the era of Chinese expansionist policy. In the text, I analysed the main determinants of the relationship of both entities and the increasingly frequent attempts to undermine the autonomy that Hong Kong has enjoyed for over 20 years. During Xi Jinping’s rule, the new secretary general of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, aims to accelerate the process of unifying this area with mainland China, recognizing it as the first stage in gaining China’s position as a global superpower. The main thesis of the article assumes that from the beginning of Xi’s rule in power, the Chinese communists recognized Hong Kong as one of the most important problems in Beijing’s political strategy. Therefore, they took specific steps to strengthen control over the province. The authorities in Beijing believe that only strict control over the Hong Kong people will enable a strong influence for China in international events, strengthening its position in the time of a possible confrontation with the United States. The main research paradigm used in the text is the system analysis method.
Fonoholizm, smombie, nomofobia: współczesne pojęcia charakteryzujące nałogowe korzystanie ze smartfona przez współczesną młodzież
Authors: Modrzyński Robert 
Published: December 2021

Smartphones offer a vast range of possibilities, keep people actively involved in building relationships with others. These devices have changed the way we consume various kinds of content, spend our free time, use the Internet, shop, or watch movies. Thanks to smartphones, new ways of communication and building relationships have emerged. They were supposed to serve mainly as facilitating communication but with time they started to create the surrounding reality. While the smartphone offers great opportunities to innovate, learn and stimulate creativity, there is evidence of negative consequences for the mental health of users.
The article addresses the problem of problematic mobile phone use by young people. The danger of becoming dependent on a mobile phone was pointed out and the specificity of phonoholism as a new form of behavioral addiction was presented. First, the symptoms of excessive smartphone use will be presented along with dimensions and the reasons why people use them so often. Then, issues related to problematic mobile phone use will be presented, such as prevalence, questionnaire methods and consequences. Finally, the author discusses the risk factors of excessive use of smartphones.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ СТАТИСТИЧНИХ ПРИЙОМІВ У ПРАКТИЦІ ПОБУДОВИ ШКАЛИ ЙМОВІРНОСТІ ДЕФОЛТУ
Authors: Павлюк Є. , Павлюк О. 
Published: December 2021

Анотація. Обґрунтовано основні характерні властивості кривої PD (Probabilityofdefault), що сформувалися у практиці моделювання. Доведено, що основними характеристиками кривої PD є те, що вона ґрунтуватися на даних про фактичну відносну частоту дефолтів у кожному з ризик-класів за обраний період часу і має форму, що апроксимує або збігається з експонеційнійною функцією. Показано, що важливим аспектом, який впливає на калібрування, є кількість рейтингових класів і способи їх побудови. Визначено, що нахил кривої демонструє класифікаційну ефективність моделі. Для моделей із високими дискримінаторними властивостями характерна форма кривої, що має повільне зростання в рейтингових класах верхньої частини шкали і значне пришвидшення зростання в останніх класах ризику. Проаналізовано два основних підходи до визначення кількості класів ризику: підхід на основі процентіліві підхід на основі рівних діапазонів балів. Показано, що при формуванні класів варто враховувати загальний обсяг вибіркових спостережень, пропорцію «хороших» і «поганих» та обирати кількість класів таким чином, щоб воно було не надто велике і не надто мале. Доведено, що на практики калібрування впливають дані, мета та обмеження дослідження. На практичних прикладах розглянуто застосування методу найменших квадратів і методу екстраполяції. Метод найменших квадратів, і зокрема похідний метод екстраполяції, дозволяють будувати калібраційну криву на основі даних про відносну частоту дефолтів. Визначено, що математичний апарат сімейства нелінійних кривих дозволяє моделювати процес експоненційного зростання з різним рівнем інтенсивності. Експоненційна крива і споріднені з нею функції можуть бути корисними при моделюванні більш консервативних оцінок PD або для моделей з високими дискримінаційними властивостями, у той час як функція Вейбулла, S-крива і степенева функція можуть краще пристосовуватися до процесів помірного зростання. Застосування практичних прийомів побудови шкали PD є важливим для багатьох вітчизняних банківських спеціалістів, хто займається внутрішніми моделями кредитного ризику.
Ключові слова:калібрування, дефолт, імовірність, криві, калібрація кривої ймовірності дефолту, метод найменших квадратів, метод екстраполяції.
Формул: 21; рис.: 1; табл.: 7; бібл.: 10.
MARKETING MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR PREVENTING CRISIS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Voskolupov V. , Balanovska T. , Havrysh O. , Gogulya O. , Drahnieva N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The article studies the state and trends of agricultural development in Ukraine. Agriculture today is one of the leading sectors of the Ukrainian economy, as well as that agricultural products are the main ones regarding its foreign trade. At the same time, there are a number of problems that hinder the effective development of agriculture, ranging from outdated material and technical base at enterprises to a significant share of imported agricultural products, that are present on the market, and the prices of which are lower than of the Ukrainian products. The findings of the article prove that in 2019, compared to other years, the share of unprofitable agricultural enterprises increased. In addition, there was a decrease in the level of profitability for all types of agricultural products. It is noted that practical implementation of effective management tools allows enterprises to reduce the size of possible losses and the likelihood of emerging crisis situations, to improve the adaptability of enterprises and to strengthen their competitive positions in the market. The study identifies that the activity of agricultural enterprises is complicated by competition, which requires the production of products that are in demand. In order to prevent crisis, enterprises should use marketing management that involves managing all general and individual functions of the enterprise, as well as all its units on the basis of marketing. In addition, marketing management involves the orientation of the entire management system of the enterprise to pleasure the needs of consumers. It is established that commercial efficiency and social impact will be achieved as a result of effective use of marketing management in the activities of agricultural enterprises. The list of procedures, with the help of which marketing management at the enterprise can be formed, is investigated. The guidelines for marketing management at agricultural enterprise have been developed, which together will help meet the needs of consumers, gain new competitive advantages, and, as a consequence, increase the profitability and competitiveness of the enterprise. JEL Classification Q12, M10, M21,
Turismo étnico-afro: uma possível alternativa para empreendedorismo e empoderamento negro no Brasil
Authors: Farias João Paulo Bloch de , Pimentel Juliana Maria Vaz , Santos Letícia Cassiano 
Published: December 2021

Este primeiro ensaio versa sobre o preconceito racial enfrentado pela população negra no Brasil e o turismo étnico-afro como um segmento do turismo cultural capaz de empoderar os empreendedores negros. O objetivo do presente estudo tenciona elucidar o legado cultural dos negros no Brasil e contribuir para a desconstrução da imagem do negro atrelada à escravidão, visando assim, demonstrar que o turismo étnico-afro-mediante a comercialização de roteiros étnico-afros-, além de valorizar a cultura negra, propicia a abertura de postos de trabalho voltados ao empreendedor negro. Para o transcorrer da pesquisa, pautamonos na metodologia qualitativa de caráter exploratório como maneira de compreendermos a forma como o turismo étnico-afro propicia o resgate da memória dos negros e transforma em um atrativo que valoriza a cultura negra. Mediante dados estatísticos e referenciais teóricos que abordam a temática em tela, podemos concluir que o turismo étnico-afro também atua, mesmo que de forma indireta, em questões que envolvem aspectos políticos, sociais, econômicos e culturais dos negros, transformando-se, assim, em uma atividade capaz de empoderar o empreendedor negro e valorizar a cultura negra e afrodescendente.
La adhesión de Colombia a la OCDE como una estrategia de inserción en un contexto desfavorable
Authors: Vargas-Alzate Luis Fernando 
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo se circunscribe en el estudio de la política exterior de Colombia, mientras propone armonizar algunos elementos de su análisis con una aproximación a la política y las relaciones internacionales del mismo Estado. A partir del marco analítico de los regímenes internacionales, el trabajo ofrece, en su primera parte, una aproximación a su estudio para luego avanzar hacia un recorrido por el proceso que antecedió la adhesión de Colombia a la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). Posterior a ello, analiza cómo la decisión de adherirse a la OCDE es una estrategia de política exterior del gobierno nacional y, finalmente, despliega una evaluación preliminar de lo que ha sido el proceso de adaptación institucional a la membresía adquirida y su impacto en la sociedad colombiana. En términos metodológicos, la obra absorbe de fuentes primarias lo relativo al contenido del proceso decisional adelantado, tanto por el gobierno nacional como por la Organización, mientras acude a otra diversidad de fuentes para argumentar la existencia de una estrategia de política exterior implementada en un contexto difícil, agravado con la pandemia de la Covid-19. Dado lo anterior, el trabajo pone en discusión, en materia de retos, la pertinencia de haber logrado la membresía y haber dilatado su formalización hasta el punto de coincidir con las dificultades generadas por dicha pandemia. En tal dirección, la evaluación de los primeros años de participación del país en el foro global conduce a una percepción de inutilidad de la membresía; incluso, a pesar que la realidad conlleve a mayores complejidades que la expuesta.
Computer Forensics Teaching For Undergraduate Students
Authors: Xu Wenjuan 
Published: December 2021

Computer forensics is not only important for the security professionals in the forensics field, it also can help the information technology professionals working in the network administration, system management and other related fields. Our department has a computer forensics course offered for the undergraduate students to prepare them to be successful in their future career. In this paper, we introduce our forensics course design, especially, we explain our course hands-on activities, which include the labs and the projects for practicing the computer forensics related programming and the existing tools using.
Use of the feline interdigital semiochemical (FIS) to redirect unwanted scratching behaviour in cats
Authors: Goins Matt 
Published: December 2021

PICO question
Can the use of a synthetic feline interdigital semiochemical (FIS), with the provision of a scratching post, redirect unwanted scratching behaviour in cats better than provision of a scratching post alone?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Three studies were evaluated. One was a randomised blinded trial on a single group of subjects following a crossover repetition design (Cozzi et al., 2013), the second was an open, uncontrolled study (Beck et al., 2018), and the third was a randomised unblinded trial on a single group of subjects using a placebo (Zhang et al., 2019).
Strength of evidence
Weak
Outcomes reported
In two of the three studies where the FIS pheromone was applied to the scratching posts resulted in a statistically significant increase in the cats’ scratching behaviour compared to the control. The third study showed a result approaching statistical significance (p = 0.06).
Conclusion
Based on the assessed studies there is weak evidence that FIS used in conjunction with the provision of a scratching post is more successful in redirecting unwanted scratching behaviour than provision of a scratching post alone. However, further studies using larger and more representative cohorts are needed in order to confirm the accuracy of these results.

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
A Qualitative Study on Secondary School Teacher’s Perceptions of Stunting in Majene District, West Sulawesi Province
Authors: Patimah Sitti , Sundari Sundari , Arundhana Andi Imam 
Published: December 2021

Background: Stunting remains a major public health problem in Majene, Indonesia. School-based nutrition education is an effective strategy to reduce the prevalence of stunting in all settings. The teachers are the key to implementing the strategy in order to improve the students’ behavior and nutritional status.Purpose: The study aimed to explore the teachers’ perceptions about stunting.Method: A qualitative case-study approach was employed using two focus group discussions in four secondary schools. The study participants were teachers of biology, physical education and health science, and religious subjects or supervisor of school extracurricular activities. A total of 22 teachers were interviewed following the guidelines and were recorded using a camera and tape recorder. The transcription process was done using an inductive-interactive model.Result: The perceptions of teachers about stunting are varied. It might be due to teachers’ knowledge, value, and experiences, which also diverged. One teacher perceived that stunting is a mismatch between the child's weight and age, while another perceived genetics as the main cause. Interestingly, a teacher perceived that stunting is related to religion. Prayer has function as a spirit in creating a mindset towards food and drinks. Likewise, the prevention of stunting is also through worship and prayer during pregnancy. Low cognitive skill and productivity, illness, and detrimental to the state are the common impacts of stunting. In addition, teachers also mentioned that there are several agencies involved in the stunting intervention programs, including BPOM.Conclusion: There were variations of teacher perceptions about stunting definition, causes, impacts, prevention, and implementers of stunting programs.