bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Infection and Malaria Parasite Density among Under Five Children: A Case Study of Dunukofia Rural Community in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Okeke O. A. , Igboka C.C. , Udeh N. P. , Nnatuanya I. O. , Elosiuba V. N. , Nwadike C. C. , Imakwu A. C. , Afoemezie P. I. , Egwuagu C.C. 
Published: December 2021

Aim: Malaria still remains an overwhelming cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The study was carried out to evaluate malaria prevalence amongst children less than five years old.
Study Design: A cross sectional study was carried out. The study adopted a retrospective descriptive survey using the hospital records and diagnostic cross sectional survey by examination of blood samples across three variables: gender, age group and mosquito net usage.
Duration: The study was done in 2021 from the month of March to April in the rural community.
Methodology: Parasitological diagnosis was with Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2-based malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and microscopy of giemsa-stained blood smears. Demographic information was collected using questionnaire.
Results: Three hundred (300) children aged less than five years malaria infection status was investigate, 174 (58.00% ) of them were females while 126 (42.00%. ) were males. Twenty one percent (21.00%) of the respondents are <1 year, 23.33% (70) of them are between the ages of 2 to 3 years, while 55.67% (167) were 4 years and above. Current malaria prevalence was higher with microscopy (67.33%) than that of RDT (23.33%). Also, previous RDT results showed that there was a higher prevalence (73.56%) of malaria parasites in females than males (58.73%). The microscopy results showed that males had a higher prevalence (38.10%) of malaria parasites than females (12.64%). Overall gender result also revealed that males had a higher prevalence (96.83%) of malaria parasites than females (86.21%). There was a significant difference in the prevalence result with gender (P<0.05). Females had higher parasite density (28.05±15.390) than males (23.22±19.171), there was no significant difference (P>0.05). It further revealed that children from 4 years and above had higher intensity (29.68±17.357) while those of 1 year and below had the least (14.89±16.069). However, there was no significant difference in the malaria parasite among the age groups of patients (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia was still high in Dunukaofia, Anamba State, Nigeria despite various control measures and interventions put in place by WHO.
Performance of TyrerCuzick Model for Breast Cancer Risk Assessment among Pakistan’s Females
Authors: Soomro Rufina , Niaz Rabia 
Published: December 2021

Background: Breast cancer incidence is highest in Pakistan among Asian countries. The known risk factors are family history, hormonal exposure, benign proliferative diseases, and high mammographic density which are included in the TyrerCuzick model. The model needs validation studies to implement in prediction, screening, and prevention strategies among different populations. This study aims to validate the TyrerCuzick model for Pakistan's females.
Methods and Materials: A total of 317 biopsy-proven breast cancer patients from the breast surgery clinic at Liaquat National Hospital were included. The 10 years risk score is calculated by applying the TyrerCuzick model software. Subcategories of low risk <2%, moderate risk 2-7%, and high risk >8% were identified. Further risk group stratification is done to find the association with individual factors i.e., age group, menopausal status, family history, and mammographic density.
Results: The mean TyrerCuzick score was low to moderate i.e. 2.23±1.66. The score was distributed as low risk 174(54.9%), moderate risk 137(43.2%), and high risk 6(1.9%). Low risk was observed among 116(81.7%) of less than 50 years old, 105(78.9%) premenopausal, 113(59.8%) with no family history, and 120 patients (59.7%) with low mammographic density. Most of the moderate risk was found in 113(64.6%) of more than 50 years old, 109(60.2%) with postmenopausal, 24(61.5%) with family history, 58(50%) with high mammographic density respectively.
Conclusion: The TyrerCuzick model can predict risk for developing breast cancer among Pakistan’s femalesclose to accurate among older age, postmenopausal, family history of breast cancer, and high mammographic density.
Acclimatization of Tissue Culture Pineapple Plantlet Using Semi-Autotrophic Hydroponics Technique in Comparison with Other Conventional Substrates
Authors: Olagunju Y. O. , Aduloju A. O. , Akin-Idowu P. E. , Esuola C. O. 
Published: December 2021

Aims: Previously conventional substrates consisting of topsoil mixtures have produced low yield and low survival rate of the tissue culture plantlets. Semi-Autotrophic Hydroponics (SAH) technique is being compared with Sawdust (SD) and Topsoil (TS) as a suitable method of acclimatization and further rooting of the plantlets. This research is aimed at optimizing the protocol for acclimatization of tissue culture pineapple plantlets.
Study Design: Experimental Research Design.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Biotechnology Research Unit, Tissue Culture Laboratory, National Horticultural Research Institute, Jericho-Idi-Ishin, Ibadan. Feb 2021 – April 2021.
Methodology: The technique employed was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 samples per treatment in 6 replicates. 5 treatments were investigated in this research. Data analysis was done with the use of SAS statistical analysis software (p<0.05).
Fresh crowns of Ananas comosus (pineapple) were extracted and were cultivated in test tubes containing full MS media. The plantlets were sub-cultured twice, after which they were taken into the hardening chamber. The plantlets were acclimatized in the Semi-Autotrophic Hydroponics substrate and other substrates – Topsoil(TS), Sawdust(SD), Sawdust + Topsoil (3:1), and Sawdust + Topsoil (1:3).
Results: The result shows that the mean difference in Plant Height and Root Length for SAH substrate was significant as against other substrates used in this study (p<0.05) with SAH having the highest value of 3.50cm for plant height and 2.53cm for root length. A 100% survival rate was observed for the plantlets grown SAH media as compared to the ones acclimatized on Topsoil and Sawdust combinations which showed a 50% survival rate. There was no significant difference in the number of leaves among all the groups of substrates.
Conclusion: In conclusion, SAH media is a very effective media for the hardening and acclimatization of micro-propagated plantlets.
To assess the Effectiveness of Psychoeducation Intervention on Reducing the Burden of Caring of Alcoholic Dependence Syndrome Patients among Family Caregivers
Authors: Uke Trupti , Gawai Jaya , Kasturkar Pooja 
Published: December 2021

Background: Alcohol dependence is considered as a “family disease.” In terms of occupational and social instability, physical and emotional distress, and financial burden, alcohol dependency affects the person as well as those around them, which has a major effect on the lives of significant others.
Aim: Study aims to assess the effectiveness of psychoeducation intervention on reducing the burden of caring for alcoholic dependence syndrome patients among family caregivers.
Objective: 1.To identify the existing burden of caring of alcoholic dependence syndrome patients among family care givers in experimental group and control group.2.To evaluate the effectiveness of psycho education intervention on reducing the burden of caring of alcoholic dependence syndrome patients among family care givers in experimental group and control group at post-test. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of psycho education intervention on reducing the burden of caring of alcoholic dependence syndrome patients among family care givers between experimental group and control group. 4. To compare the effectiveness of psycho education intervention on reducing the burden of caring of alcoholic dependence syndrome patients among family care givers between experimental and control group.5.To associate post-test score of psycho education intervention on reducing the burden of caring of alcoholic dependence syndrome patients among family care givers with their selected demographic variables in experimental and control group.
Methodology: The research design is experimental one group pre-test post with control group, and participants are, the Family caregivers of alcohol dependence syndrome patients. The aging population will be selected according to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, and the sampling technique will be selected as the technique of purposive sampling technique. Data will be obtained by participants’ demographic variables and the use of a modified standardized scale for burden assessment and all scales distributed for reducing the burden of caring of alcoholic dependence syndrome patients among family caregivers. The literature review was identified through Pub MED, Medline, Cochran, computerized, books, library.
Result: There may be effectiveness of psychoeducation intervention on reducing the burden of caring of alcoholic dependence syndrome patients among family caregivers and this effectiveness will be tested with demographic variables by regression analysis.
Conclusion: findings will be drawn from the statistical analysis.
Senate, Byzantium
Authors: Pazdernik Charles F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

From the fourth until the seventh centuries
ce
, the Senate was notable more for the accumulated wealth, prestige, and experience of its members than for any specific institutional or administrative role within the Roman state. The period witnessed the establishment in Constantinople of a body equivalent to the Senate of the city of Rome and the vast expansion of the senatorial order, in the course of which it was transformed, especially in the east, into a service elite based upon the holding of military and civilian offices dispensed by the imperial court.
Computational and experimental investigation of flow fields in a Rushton turbine stirred tank with shear‐thinning fluid
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Wang Libo , Huo Hongliang , Li Zhipeng , Gao Zhengming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe flow feature and local shear rate distribution near the impeller blade in a standard Rushton turbine stirred tank with the aqueous solution of sodium polyacrylate were studied by using particle image velocimetry experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations. Experimental and simulated results, including average velocity and local shear rate distribution at different rotational speeds, were compared, and good agreement was achieved. On this basis, the numerical methods were used to predict the effects of liquid rheology on the velocity and shear rate distribution. The consistency coefficient affects obviously the velocity fluctuation level but has a limited impact on the flow structure. The power‐law index influences significantly the radial jet structure. In addition, the liquid rheology almost has no effect on the average value of the local shear rate near the impeller region, which is proportional to the rotational speed.
Impact of prolonged water‐gas flow on the performance of polyacrylamide
Authors: Al‐Shajalee Faaiz , Seyyedi Mojtaba , Verrall Michael , Arif Muhammad , Al‐Yaseri Ahmed Z. , Tadé Moses O. , Wood Colin , Iglauer Stefan , Saeedi Ali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExcessive water production from natural reservoirs is a major challenge in oil and gas industry. Relative permeability modifiers (RPM) are used to selectively reduce water production with minimum effect on the hydrocarbon production. This work examined the performance of polyacrylamide in terms of its water control efficiency at prolonged water‐gas flowing cycles. During each cycle, as the volume of injected water increased, the RPM demonstrated stronger performance in terms of reducing water permeability. This is attributed to the swelling of polymer layer adsorbed to the pore surfaces. Conversely, during each cycle, higher volume of gas injection led to less reduction in the gas effective permeability (PRg) which is due to polymer shrinkage. The reduction in water absolute permeability (PRw) of the treated micromodel in each injection cycle was significantly greater than the reduction in gas permeability. Interestingly, as water‐gas cycles progressed, a significant increase in water permeability reduction was observed. It is also found that polymer expansion and shrinkage are reversible. As such, the RPM performance depends on the injected fluid, injected fluid volumes and water‐gas injecting cycling. We thus conclude that that polymer swelling, and shrinkage and polymer‐gas interaction play a vital role in RPM performance.
Turning waste into wealth: nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots derived from fruits wastes for sensing
Authors: Lin Liping , Lai Qingjiao , Chen Qiushuang , Zheng Qiaoling , Fang Meng , He Xinghao , Qin Jinying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydrothermal treatment of m‐phenylenediamine and grape seed powder has been adopted to synthesize nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CQDs). The prepared N‐CQDs possessed outstanding optical properties and high quantum yield. Based on the combined effect of static quenching effect and inner filter effect of permanganate (MnO4−) to N‐CQDs and the redox reaction that occurred between MnO4− and l‐ascorbic acid (l‐AA), an ‘off–on’ fluorescence strategy with N‐CQDs has been proposed for the detection of MnO4− and l‐AA. The proposed fluorescent probe was fast, sensitive and selective to MnO4− and l‐AA under mild conditions. In addition, the satisfactory results of the proposed strategy for the detection of MnO4− and l‐AA in real samples indicated its practicability.
Removing a Disabled Person from Her Treasured Independent Living
Authors: Hui Katrina , Law Samuel , Braswell Harold 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMs. X is a person with cerebral palsy and schizophrenia. She has intractable bedsores that are a result of her immobility and to poor wound care related to her delusional thinking. Despite intensive community support, the wounds have worsened to the point that she has needed multiple hospitalizations to prevent systemic sepsis, a life‐threatening condition. She is capable of placement decisions and wishes for independence at home but is incapable of making wound care decisions and does not appreciate that immediately returning home from the hospital, instead of going into a special care facility, would likely result in sepsis. The resulting dilemma about discharge planning highlights the complexity involved in weighing concerns around mental illness and capacity for treatment and placement of care. The extent of the care that is required and available in a community or health care system and the slow but relatively certain progression of the symptoms also make the decision challenging. Two commentaries take very different approaches in exploring the question whether Ms. X should be supported to go home or to a special care facility.
John Rawls, Godfather of Bioethics
Authors: Jennings Bruce 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAt a time when ethical and political philosophy were thought passé, John Rawls gave serious attention to ethical questions, providing them with a renewed academic legitimacy. This helped fields of practical ethics such as bioethics become established in higher education and in public affairs. This essay addresses the influence Rawls has had on bioethics through both the style and the substance of his ethical argumentation. The essay argues that his distinctive rhetorical strategy and tone attempted to rein in the scope of normative commitments in order to make an equilibrium between refined understandings of freedom and equality possible and sustainable. Bioethics has been strongly influenced by this approach to maintaining social stability in a liberal society that has become highly stratified and culturally diverse. Bioethics continues to echo the Rawlsian call for a calmly reasoned political life but finds that call increasingly difficult to answer.
Public Deliberation about Gene Editing in the Wild
Authors: Gusmano Michael K. , Kaebnick Gregory E. , Maschke Karen J. , Neuhaus Carolyn P. , Wills Ben Curran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGenetic editing technologies have long been used to modify domesticated nonhuman animals and plants. Recently, attention and funding have also been directed toward projects for modifying nonhuman organisms in the shared environment—that is, in the “wild.” Interest in gene editing nonhuman organisms for wild release is motivated by a variety of goals, and such releases hold the possibility of significant, potentially transformative benefit. The technologies also pose risks and are often surrounded by a high uncertainty. Given the stakes, scientists and advisory bodies have called for public engagement in the science, ethics, and governance of gene editing research in nonhuman organisms. Most calls for public engagement lack details about how to design a broad public deliberation, including questions about participation, how to structure the conversations, how to report on the content, and how to link the deliberations to policy. We summarize the key design elements that can improve broad public deliberations about gene editing in the wild.
MutT Homolog 1 Inhibitor Karonudib Attenuates Autoimmune Hepatitis by Inhibiting DNA Repair in Activated T Cells
Authors: Chen Yong , Hua Xiangwei , Huang Bingyuan , Karsten Stella , You Zhengrui , Li Bo , Li You , Li Yikang , Liang Jubo , Zhang Jun , Wei Yiran , Chen Ruiling , Lyu Zhuwan , Xiao Xiao , Lian Min , Wei Jue , Fang Jingyuan , Miao Qi , Wang Qixia , Berglung Ulrika Warpman , Tang Ruqi , Helleday Thomas , Ma Xiong 
Published: December 2021

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory liver disease driven by the hyperactivation of various intrahepatic antigen‐specific T cells due to a breach of immune tolerance. Studies in immunometabolism demonstrate that activated T cells harbor increased levels of reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative DNA damage. In this study, we assessed the potential of DNA damage repair enzyme MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) as a therapeutic target in AIH and karonudib as a novel drug for patients with AIH. We report herein that MTH1 expression was significantly increased in liver samples from patients with AIH compared to patients with chronic hepatitis B and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and from healthy controls. In addition, the expression of MTH1 was positively correlated with AIH disease severity. We further found abundant T cells that expressed MTH1 in AIH. Next, we found that karonudib significantly altered T‐cell receptor signaling in human T cells and robustly inhibited proliferation of human T cells in vitro. Interestingly, our data reflected a preferential inhibition of DNA damage repair in activated T cells by karonudib. Moreover, MTH1 was required to develop liver inflammation and damage because specific deletion of MTH1 in T cells ameliorated liver injury in the concanavalin A (Con A)‐induced hepatitis model by inhibiting T‐cell activation and proliferation. Lastly, we validated the protective effect of karonudib on the Con A‐induced hepatitis model. Conclusion: MTH1 functions as a critical regulator in the development of AIH, and its inhibition in activated T cells reduces liver inflammation and damage.
Irreversibility analysis of micropolar nanofluid flow in a vertical channel with the impact of inclined magnetic field and heat source or sink
Authors: Shobha K. C. , Patil Mallikarjun B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article examines the inclined magnetic field effect on the flow of micropolar nanofluids in a vertical channel with convective boundary conditions and heat source or sink. Thermodynamics second law is employed to analyze the aspects of entropy generation. The governing differential equations are modified into dimensionless form by using suitable nondimensional variables. These transformed equations are solved by implementing the differential transform technique. The results are analyzed graphically. Skin friction and Nusselt number values are evaluated at the boundary walls of the channel. The major findings of the study are material parameter enhances the microrotation but suppresses both velocity and temperature. Magnetic parameter and angle of the implication of magnetic field decrease the velocity and microrotation. Material parameter and angle of imposed magnetic field minimize the entropy generation.
miR‐455‐5p regulates circadian rhythms by accelerating the degradation of Clock mRNA
Authors: Cheng Qianyun , Fan Xinyi , Liu Yutong , Xu Lirong , Dong Pengjuan , Song Liwen , Qian Ruizhe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCircadian rhythms are approximately 24‐hr cycles generated by organisms to adapt to daily rhythms. Core circadian proteins such as CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1/2, and CRY1/2/3 form a transcription‐translation feedback loop (TTFL) to maintain circadian rhythms. MicroRNAs are involved in regulating circadian rhythms; however, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Here, using miRNA‐seq screening, we discovered that the expression level of miR‐455 was controlled by CLOCK. Furthermore, miR‐455‐5p also binds to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of Clock mRNA and regulates its stability. To further study whether such mutual regulation forms a feedback loop to regulate circadian rhythms, we recorded bioluminescence traces of Per2::Luc U2OS cells in real time and confirmed that overexpression of miR‐455‐5p lengthens the period and attenuates the amplitude of circadian rhythms in synchronized cells (and vice versa). We also discovered that miR‐455‐5p can function as a Clock modulator to induce a fine‐orchestral circadian rhythm in vitro, as well as other known factors such as dexamethasone, horse serum, or temperature. In conclusion, miR‐455‐5p is essential for maintaining a normal circadian rhythm via regulating Clock mRNA stability. Our study reveals a new mutual regulatory mechanism between CLOCK protein, Clock mRNA, and miR‐455‐5p, which regulates circadian rhythms in cells.
Drain current model for a hetero‐dielectric single gate tunnel field effect transistor (HDSG TFET)
Authors: Singh Ajay Kumar , Fui Tan Chun , Soong Lim Way 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTunnel field effect transistor (TFET) is a potential candidate to replace CMOS in deep‐submicron region due to its lower SS (subthreshold swing, <60 mV/decade) at room temperature. However, the conventional TFET suffers from low tunneling current and high ambipolar current. To overcome these two shortcomings, a new structure, known as Hetero‐dielectric gate TFET (HDG TFET), has been proposed in the literature. To analyze the electrical characteristics of this structure, a closed form of analytical expression of current is required. This paper presents the analytical current model for Hetero‐dielectric single gate (HDSG) TFET structure without using any iterative method. The developed analytical models show a good agreement with 2‐D TCAD simulator results. The model is used to study the electrical behavior of the proposed device under various physical and bias variations.