bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploration of frictional and vibrational behaviors of textured deep groove ball bearing in the vicinity of requisite minimum load
Authors: Vidyasagar K. E. Ch. , Pandey R. K. , Kalyanasundaram Dinesh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn case of lightly loaded radial ball bearings, failure mechanisms other than fatigue such as smearing of raceways due to increased frictional torque and vibrations often prevail. Hence, attempts have been made herein for reducing the frictional torque and minimizing the vibrations of a radial deep groove ball bearing employing surface textures at the inner race. Nanosecond pulsed laser was used to create texture (involving micro-dimples having different dimple area density) on the inner race of test bearings. Using an in-house developed test rig, frictional torque and vibrational parameters were measured at different speeds and light loads (i.e. in vicinity of 0.01C, where C is dynamic load capacity of radial ball bearing). Significant reduction in frictional torque and overall vibrations were found in the presence of micro-dimples on inner race at light loads irrespective of operating speeds. Even without satisfying the minimum load needed criteria for the satisfactory operation, substantial reduction in smearing marks was found on the races of textured ball bearings in comparison to conventional cases.
Venture Capital-Backed Firms, Unavoidable Value-Destroying Trade Sales, and Fair Value Protections
Authors: Nigro Casimiro A. , Stahl Jörg R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the implications of the fair value protections contemplated by the standard corporate contract (i.e., the standard contract form for which corporate law provides) for the entrepreneur–venture capitalist relationship, focusing, in particular, on unavoidable value-destroying trade sales. First, it demonstrates that the typical entrepreneur–venture capitalist contract does institutionalize the venture capitalist’s liquidity needs, allowing, under some circumstances, for counterintuitive instances of contractually-compliant value destruction. Unavoidable value-destroying trade sales are the most tangible example. Next, it argues that fair value protections can prevent the entrepreneur and venture capitalist from allocating the value that these transactions generate as they would want. Then, it shows that the reality of venture capital-backed firms calls for a process of adaptation of the standard corporate contract that has one major step in the deactivation or re-shaping of fair value protections. Finally, it argues that a standard corporate contract aiming to promote social welfare through venture capital should feature flexible fair value protections.
Kompensation und Stabilisierung
Authors: Nolte Paul 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungSoziale Marktwirtschaft bezeichnet für die Geschichte der Bundesrepublik keine reale, sondern eine diskursive Ordnung. In der Corona-Pandemie folgte die Politik bislang einer hyperkeynesianischen Prämisse: Der Staat sieht sich in der Verantwortung, die ökonomische Krise bis zur Unspürbarkeit auszugleichen. Die Kosten dieser Stabilisierungspolitik sind noch nicht erkennbar. Die Corona-Krise kann zum Katalysator eines Ausbaus des Sozialstaats und der Umwelt- und Klimapolitik werden.
Associations between frailty, physical performance, and renal biomarkers in older people with advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Smith George , Avenell Alison , Band Margaret M. , Hampson Geeta , Lamb Edmund J. , Littleford Roberta C. , McNamee Paul , Soiza Roy L. , Sumukadas Deepa , Witham Miles D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Impaired physical performance and frailty are common in older people with advanced chronic kidney disease but it is unclear which metabolic derangements contribute to these impairments. We, therefore, examined associations between renal biochemical markers and both physical performance and frailty in older people with advanced chronic kidney disease.

Methods
Secondary analysis of data from the BiCARB trial, which enrolled non-dialysing patients aged 60 and over, with chronic kidney disease stage 4/5, with serum bicarbonate < 22 mmol/L. Participants undertook the Short Physical Performance Battery, maximum grip strength and six-minute walk test at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Renal biochemistry (serum creatinine, cystatin C, phosphate, and bicarbonate), haemoglobin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and NT-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were measured at baseline. Associations between baseline renal biochemistry and physical performance, and between baseline biochemistry and the monthly rate of change in physical performance were assessed.

Results
We analysed data from 300 participants (mean age 74 years; 86 [29%] women). 148 (49%) were pre-frail, 86 (29%) were frail. In multivariable cross-sectional baseline analyses, only age and BMI were significantly associated with baseline short physical performance battery; age, sex, body mass index, NT-pro-BNP and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were significantly associated with baseline six-minute walk distance. No significant associations were found between biochemical markers and change in physical performance over time, except between baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and change in six-minute walk distance.

Conclusions
Biochemical markers associated with chronic kidney disease did not consistently associate with baseline physical performance or the rate of change of physical performance measures.
Trial Registration: ISRCTN09486651
Future search algorithm for optimal integration of distributed generation and electric vehicle fleets in radial distribution networks considering techno-environmental aspects
Authors: Janamala Varaprasad , Kamal Kumar U. , Pandraju Thandava Krishna Sai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a new nature-inspire meta-heuristic algorithm called future search algorithm (FSA) is proposed for the first time to solve the simultaneous optimal allocation of distribution generation (DG) and electric vehicle (EV) fleets considering techno-environmental aspects in the operation and control of radial distribution networks (RDN). By imitating the human behavior in getting fruitful life, the FSA starts arbitrary search, discovers neighborhood best people in different nations and looks at worldwide best individuals to arrive at an ideal solution. A techno-environmental multi-objective function is formulated using real power loss, voltage stability index. The active and reactive power compensation limits and different operational constraints of RDN are considered while minimizing the proposed objective function. Post optimization, the impact of DGs on conventional energy sources is analyzed by evaluating their greenhouse gas emission. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is presented using different case studies on Indian practical 106-bus agriculture feeder for DGs and 36-bus rural residential feeder for simultaneous allocation of DGs and EV fleets. Also, the superiority of FSA in terms of global optima, convergence characteristics is compared with various other recent heuristic algorithms.
Allocation of the oat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm3 to oat chromosome 1A
Authors: Mohler Volker 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBesides the mode of inheritance, the knowledge of the chromosome location and allelic relationships are the essentials towards a successful deployment and stacking of divergent disease resistance genes for a given pathogen in breeding programs. Powdery mildew of oats, to which 11 major resistance genes in the host Avena sativa L. have been characterized so far, is a prevalent fungal disease of the crop in Northwestern Europe. In the present study, the resistance gene Pm3 was mapped by linkage analysis relative to molecular markers from oat consensus linkage group Mrg18 which was recently determined to represent oat chromosome 1A. Pm3 was located at 67.7–72.6 cM on Mrg18 of the oat consensus map, a position at which also stem and crown rust resistance genes Pg13 and Pc91 and a large cluster of resistance gene analogs have been previously mapped. The closely linked marker GMI_ES03_c2277_336 was found to be useful for the prediction of Pm3 in gene postulation studies. Although the major effect of the widespread gene got lost over time, the known genome location with associated markers will assist revealing in future genetic studies whether there is a possible residual effect of the gene contributing to adult plant resistance.
Nature-Based Solutions and Circularity in Cities
Authors: Atanasova Nataša , Castellar Joana A.C. , Pineda-Martos Rocío , Nika Chrysanthy Elisabeth , Katsou Evina , Istenič Darja , Pucher Bernhard , Andreucci Maria Beatrice , Langergraber Guenter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCities worldwide are facing a number of serious challenges including population growth, resource depletion, climate change, and degradation of ecosystems. To cope with these challenges, the transformation of our cities into sustainable systems using a holistic approach is required. The pathway to this urban transition is adopting the concept of circular economy for resource management. In this way, resources are kept and reused within the city. Nature-based solutions can be implemented for these tasks, and besides the circularity, they can provide additional benefits for the urbanites and the urban environment in general. This paper describes which urban challenges related to circularity can be addressed through nature-based solutions. This systematic review was developed within the COST Action CA17133 Circular City that investigates how nature-based solutions can be used to progress the circular economy in the urban built environment.
Effects of COVID-19 on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Shulla Kalterina , Voigt Bernd-Friedrich , Cibian Stefan , Scandone Giuseppe , Martinez Edna , Nelkovski Filip , Salehi Pourya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal crises caused by the pandemic of COVID-19, since early 2020, can compromise the world commitment to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This study discusses critical aspects of the global pandemic for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). More precisely, we analyze how the new circumstances created by the pandemic have affected the interdependencies between SDGs. Following a synopsis of the current literature, we focus on effects regarding SDG3 (Health & Well-Being), SDG4 (Quality Education), SDG8 (Decent Work & Economic Growth), SDG12 (Consumption & Production) and SDG13 (Climate Action). Following a qualitative research approach, we based our analysis on moderated focus group discussions (FGD). Our observations reveal a unique pattern of interconnectedness between SDGs that can be related to COVID-19 consequences. Qualitative interpretations of focus group discussions also depict, that additional spillover effects can be obstacles for achieving SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 9 (Infrastructure & Innovation) and SDG 10 (Reducing Inequalities), SDG 17 (partnerships for the goals), SDG 11 (sustainable cities). Therefore, we consider the interdependent implications and recent trends in international development related to sustainability as a useful framework in the post-pandemic recovery period.
Long-Time Trajectorial Large Deviations and Importance Sampling for Affine Stochastic Volatility Models
Authors: Grbac Zorana , Krief David , Tankov Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe establish a pathwise large deviation principle for affine stochastic volatility models introduced by Keller-Ressel (2011), and present an application to variance reduction for Monte Carlo computation of prices of path-dependent options in these models, extending the method developed by Genin and Tankov (2020) for exponential Lévy models. To this end, we apply an exponentially affine change of measure and use Varadhan’s lemma, in the fashion of Guasoni and Robertson (2008) and Robertson (2010), to approximate the problem of finding the measure that minimizes the variance of the Monte Carlo estimator. We test the method on the Heston model with and without jumps to demonstrate its numerical efficiency.
Branching processes with interactions: subcritical cooperative regime
Authors: González Casanova Adrián , Pardo Juan Carlos , Pérez José Luis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a family of processes with values on the nonnegative integers that describes the dynamics of populations where individuals are allowed to have different types of interactions. The types of interactions that we consider include pairwise interactions, such as competition, annihilation, and cooperation; and interactions among several individuals that can be viewed as catastrophes. We call such families of processes branching processes with interactions. Our aim is to study their long-term behaviour under a specific regime of the pairwise interaction parameters that we introduce as the subcritical cooperative regime. Under such a regime, we prove that a process in this class comes down from infinity and has a moment dual which turns out to be a jump-diffusion that can be thought as the evolution of the frequency of a trait or phenotype, and whose parameters have a classical interpretation in terms of population genetics. The moment dual is an important tool for characterizing the stationary distribution of branching processes with interactions whenever such a distribution exists; it is also an interesting object in its own right.
Unravelling moral cognition in acquired brain injury: a scoping review
Authors: Lloyd Beth , Montoya Estrella R. , de Voogd Lycia D. , Oudman Erik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground:Acquired brain injury (ABI) is accompanied by impairments in social, emotional, cognitive and behavioural skills and highly prevalent in the population. Social and emotional skills are crucial for moral cognition, but the extent to which moral cognition contributes to social competence deficits in people with ABI is largely unclear.Method:To provide more insight on this topic, we conducted a scoping review according to the PRISMA guidelines. After screening 1269 articles that we obtained via PubMed and Scopus, we found 27 articles on moral cognition in ABI.Results:We encountered four important topics across these studies which include traumatic brain injury (TBI) versus non-TBI, the influence of the different approaches used to measure moral cognition in ABI, the role of age of onset and the role of location of the injury. Overall, evidence suggests that the earlier the brain damage occurred, the more this leads to impairments in moral cognitive functioning. The location of the injury furthermore seems to differentially affect the way impairments are manifested. Finally, we found that the use of different measurement approaches can heavily influence the interpretation of the impairment.Conclusion:We conclude that impairments in moral cognition in people with ABI are derived from a complex interplay between the age of onset, the location and the approach used to index moral cognition.
Research informatics and the COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges, innovations, lessons learned, and recommendations
Authors: Bookman Richard J. , Cimino James J. , Harle Christopher A. , Kost Rhonda G. , Mooney Sean , Pfaff Emily , Rojevsky Svetlana , Tobin Jonathan N. , Wilcox Adam , Tsinoremas Nick F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The recipients of NIH’s Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) have worked for over a decade to build informatics infrastructure in support of clinical and translational research. This infrastructure has proved invaluable for supporting responses to the current COVID-19 pandemic through direct patient care, clinical decision support, training researchers and practitioners, as well as public health surveillance and clinical research to levels that could not have been accomplished without the years of ground-laying work by the CTSAs. In this paper, we provide a perspective on our COVID-19 work and present relevant results of a survey of CTSA sites to broaden our understanding of the key features of their informatics programs, the informatics-related challenges they have experienced under COVID-19, and some of the innovations and solutions they developed in response to the pandemic. Responses demonstrated increased reliance by healthcare providers and researchers on access to electronic health record (EHR) data, both for local needs and for sharing with other institutions and national consortia. The initial work of the CTSAs on data capture, standards, interchange, and sharing policies all contributed to solutions, best illustrated by the creation, in record time, of a national clinical data repository in the National COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative (N3C). The survey data support seven recommendations for areas of informatics and public health investment and further study to support clinical and translational research in the post-COVID-19 era.
Challenges and lessons learned for institutional review board procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ford Daniel E. , Johnson Ann , Nichols Jason J. , Rothwell Erin , Dubinett Steve , Naeim Arash 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the clinical research landscape in America. The most urgent challenge has been to rapidly review protocols submitted by investigators that were designed to learn more about or intervene in COVID-19. International Review Board (IRB) offices developed plans to rapidly review protocols related to the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted with the IRB Directors at Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) institutions as well as two focus groups. Across the CTSA institutions, 66% reviewed COVID-19 protocols across all their IRB committees, 22% assigned protocols to just one committee, and 10% created a new committee for COVID-19 protocols. Fifty-two percent reported COVID-19 protocols were reviewed much faster, 41% somewhat faster, and 7% at the same speed as other protocols. Three percent reported that the COVID-19 protocols were reviewed with much better quality, 32% reported slightly better quality, and 65% reported the reviews were of the same quality as similar protocols before the COVID-19 pandemic. IRBs were able to respond to the emergent demand for reviewing COVID-19 protocols. Most of the increased review capacity was due to extra effort by IRB staff and members and not changes that will be easily implemented across all research going forward.
How Do Mainstream Parties ‘Become’ Mainstream, and Pariah Parties ‘Become’ Pariahs? Conceptualizing the Processes of Mainstreaming and Pariahing in the Labelling of Political Parties
Authors: Moffitt Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow does a political party become ‘mainstream’? And what makes some parties receive arguably the opposite designation – ‘pariah party’? This conceptual article examines the processes by which parties’ mainstream or pariah status must be constructed, negotiated and policed, not only by political scientists in the pursuit of case selection, but by several actors actively involved in the political process, including media actors and political parties themselves. It explains how these actors contribute to these processes of ‘mainstreaming’ and ‘pariahing’, considers their motivations and provides illustrative examples of how such processes take place. As such, the article moves beyond the literature on the ways in which mainstream parties seek to deal with or respond to threats from a variety of pariah parties, instead paying attention to how those parties have been constructed as pariahs in the first place, and how these processes simultaneously contribute to the maintenance of mainstream party identities.
The Roles of Settler Canadians within Decolonization: Re-evaluating Invitation, Belonging and Rights
Authors: Leblanc Deanne Aline Marie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article, grounded within the argument that liberal citizenship and recognition-based approaches to decolonization are inappropriate responses to Indigenous calls to decolonize, proposes an alternative approach premised on re-evaluating non-Indigenous understandings of invitation, belonging and rights within the Canadian settler state. I suggest that non-Indigenous peoples consider themselves “foreigners” in need of invitation onto Indigenous lands and that, ascolonial denizens, non-Indigenous Canadians take up an ethos that encourages them to re-evaluate their lives and relations with Indigenous peoples, Indigenous lands and the settler state. Such re-evaluations would encourage settlers to question the sovereignty of the state and their daily relations, as well as encourage them to place responsibilities to others above inwardly focused rights. I contend that identifying and acting upon such an ethos can provide a way through which non-Indigenous peoples can appropriately and seriously meet Indigenous peoples’ calls for change.
Fulfilling Campaign Promises or Following Public Opinion: Does the Size of the Majority Matter?
Authors: Coulombe Maxime , Blais André , Alfaro Maria-Alexis , Carbonaro Sofia , Trinque Tristan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe perform a survey experiment on the issue of immigration. People are presented with a situation where public opinion is at odds with the election promise. In our control group, no information is given about public opinion. In the treatment groups, respondents are told that 55 per cent or 80 per cent of the people are against the project. When respondents are informed about the election promise but are not told about public opinion, 64 per cent say that the party should fulfill its promise. That percentage drops to 51 per cent when people are informed that a slight majority (55 per cent) are opposed to the project and to 42 per cent when they are told that a strong majority (80 per cent) are opposed. Citizens thus believe that politicians should pay attention not only to the majority view but also to the size of that majority.
Situating the Global Compact on Refugees in Africa: Will it Make a Difference to the Lives of Refugees “Languishing in Camps”?
Authors: Khan Fatima , Sackeyfio Cecile 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe protection of refugees languishing in camps in Africa has posed a challenge for the international community for far too long. The OAU Refugee Convention does not reflect refugee rights or provide a durable solution for refugees in host states. Over the last 50 years there have been multiple attempts to resolve what remains one of the greatest challenges facing Africa. Each resolution has clarified the steps required to enhance the situation for those most affected and to provide solutions for refugee-hosting countries in need of strategic policies and funding. This article considers recent developments in refugee law since the adoption of the New York Declaration. It specifically evaluates the benefit of the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) for African states and the refugees they host. Furthermore, because the OAU convention is the first refugee convention to make international solidarity (ie burden-sharing) a state obligation, the article assesses how the GCR builds on the convention.