bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Hepatic Fat Content by Dulaglutide for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Two‐Centre Open, Single‐Arm Trial
Authors: Liu Chuanfeng , Xin Yu , Huang Yajing , Xu Lili , Zhou Ruizhi , Wang Yangang , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWith the elevated level of NAFLD prevalence, the incidence of diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and other diseases is also significantly elevated. GLP‐1RA can exert weight loss, glucose‐lowering effects and various nonglycaemic effects. However, the relationship between quantitative reduction in hepatic fat content and improvement of pancreatic islet function by GLP‐1RA is unclear.MethodsThis trial was a single‐arm open cohort study. A total of 38 patients with T2DM and NAFLD were enrolled in the GLP‐1RA treatment group. The included patients were tested for biochemical and blood glucose levels, adiponectin and FGF21 levels, and liver fat content was measured using MRI. Measure the above indicators again after at least 3 months of GLP‐1RA treatment. Divided into Q1 (average decrease of 0.37%) and Q2 (average decrease of 8.6%) groups based on the degree of reduction in liver fat content.ResultsQ2 group showed an average reduction in liver fat content of 8.6%, a decrease in glycated haemoglobin of 18.17%, a weight loss of 7.29% and an increase in fasting c‐peptide release by 1.03%, 1‐h and 2‐h postprandial c‐peptide release by 28.86% and 18.28% respectively. In contrast, Q1 group had an average reduction in liver fat content of 0.37%, a decrease in glycated haemoglobin of only 6.53%, a weight loss of 3.41%, a decrease in fasting c‐peptide release by 1.91% and an increase in 1‐h and 2‐h postprandial c‐peptide release by 19.18% and 11.66% respectively.ConclusionReduction in liver fat content effectively improves pancreatic islet function secretion, particularly postprandial c‐peptide secretion, especially in the first hour after a meal. This improvement leads to a decrease in glycated haemoglobin levels and promotes better compliance with blood glucose control.
Baseline kidney function and the effects of dapagliflozin on health status in heart failure in DEFINE‐HF and PRESERVED‐HF
Authors: Ambrosy Andrew P. , Sauer Andrew J. , Patel Shachi , Windsor Sheryl L. , Borlaug Barry A. , Husain Mansoor , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Kitzman Dalane W. , McGuire Darren K. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Sharma Kavita , Umpierrez Guillermo , Kosiborod Mikhail N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsSodium–glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve health status and outcomes in the setting of heart failure (HF) across the range of ejection fraction (EF). Baseline kidney disease is common in HF, complicates HF management and is strongly linked to worse health status. This study aimed to assess whether the treatment effects of dapagliflozin on health status vary based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Methods and ResultsWe conducted a pooled participant‐level analysis of two double‐blind, randomized trials, DEFINE‐HF (n = 236) and PRESERVED‐HF (n = 324), which evaluated dapagliflozin versus placebo. Both multicentre studies enrolled adults with HF, New York Heart Association Class II or higher, elevated natriuretic peptides, and an EF < 40% in DEFINE‐HF or >45% in PRESERVED‐HF. The primary exposure was eGFR. The main outcome was the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ‐CSS) at 12 weeks. Across both trials, there were 583 (99.3%) participants with a baseline eGFR. The median (25th, 75th) eGFR was 59 (46, 77) mL/min/1.73 m2. Dapagliflozin improved KCCQ‐CSS at 12 weeks [placebo‐adjusted difference, +5.0 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6–7.5; P < 0.001], and this was consistent in participants with an eGFR ≥ 60 (+6.0 points, 95% CI 2.4–9.7; P = 0.001) and eGFR < 60 (+4.1 points, 95% CI 0.5–7.7; P = 0.025) (P interaction = 0.46). The benefits of dapagliflozin on KCCQ‐CSS remained robust across eGFR when modelled as a continuous variable (P interaction = 0.48).ConclusionsDapagliflozin led to early and clinically meaningful improvements in health status in HF patients, regardless of EF or baseline eGFR.
Analysis of Major Chemical Constituents in Jiuwei Decoction Based On Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled With Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Jiayu , Li Jinhong , Xue Hongyu , Ma Qiang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAn analytical method for identifying the chemical constituents in the Chinese herbal combination Jiuwei decoction was established using capillary electrophoresis coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Nine herbs were extracted with a 60:40 (v/v) ethanol/water solution to prepare the Jiuwei decoction. Electrophoretic separation was carried out using a 50 µm i.d., 125 cm bare fused silica capillary at a constant temperature of 25°C for sample injection. The chemical composition was analyzed and identified in both positive and negative ion modes. In the positive separation mode, a separation voltage of 30 kV was applied, with a 1% aqueous formic acid solution serving as the background electrolyte (BGE), along with a 50:50 (v/v) methanol/water solution containing 0.1% formic acid as the sheath liquid. In the negative separation mode, a separation voltage of −30 kV was employed, utilizing a 50 mM ammonium acetate solution (pH 9.0) as the BGE, combined with a 50:50 (v/v) methanol/water solution containing 5 mM ammonium acetate as the sheath liquid. The MassHunter Qualitative Analysis software (version 10.0) was utilized to identify 52 compounds based on accurate mass, isotope abundance, isotopic patterns, and fragmentation information. The data were compared with the Agilent Personal Compound Database and Library of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as well as multiple online databases (TCMSP, ChemSpider, PubChem, PubMed, and Web of Science) and relevant literature. The fragmentation pathways of representative compounds were also characterized. This study identified the chemical composition of Jiuwei decoction, providing a molecular basis for further exploration of its pharmacological effects and presenting a robust methodology for the compositional analysis of complex TCM mixtures.
Experimental Investigation to Assess the Efficiency of Subsurface Barrier in Heterogeneous Aquifer With a Sloping Ocean‐Aquifer Boundary
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Chakma Sumedha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSeawater intrusion is an ongoing issue exacerbated internationally by the growing need for freshwater along coastlines, which is affected by shifting sea levels and changing climates, challenging sustainable management. This research primarily focuses on determining intrusion behaviour within a sloping boundary in a heterogeneous aquifer and assessing the efficiency of subsurface barriers. The glass‐box method was incorporated with an inclined permeable barrier. High‐resolution images were taken at defined intervals and enhanced for clear intrusion visuals. Comparing the results of the heterogeneous base case and barrier installed condition, a huge quantity of about 38.93% of groundwater was conserved from being contaminated. Homogeneous media shows a faster rate of intrusion with a progressive rate of contamination, while heterogeneous media, without barrier, shows slower rates of intrusion due to reduced permeability. Longitudinal dispersivity as 0.5 cm and transverse dispersivity as 0.05 cm were considered. The Péclet number was calculated as 3, which comes under the range defined in the literature. Sensitivity analysis for the height of the barrier shows that a higher height is required for remediation by heterogeneous media of higher permeability. Analysis of the toe length using sensitivity analysis in the heterogeneous case shows a range of 24.82 to 75 cm before barrier installation and a range of 13.05–65.24 cm after installation of a barrier (15, 20, and 25 cm height). This implies that a higher toe length had formed with a smaller barrier height, and lower efforts were required for backwashing.
All‐in‐one perovskite memristor with tunable photoresponsivity
Authors: Dun Guan‐Hua , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Hai‐Nan , Wu Fan , Tan Xi‐Chao , Qin Ken , He Yi‐Chu , Wang Ze‐Shu , Wang Yu‐Hao , Lu Tian , Tian Shi‐Wei , Xie Dan , Peng Jia‐Li , Geng Xiang‐Shun , Zhao Xiao‐Tong , Zhang Jia‐He , Zhao Yu‐Han , Wu Xiaoyu , Deng Ning‐Qin , Zhu Zheng‐Qiang , Li Yan , Liu Xian‐Zhu , Wu Xing , Hu Weida , Zhou Peng , Chai Yang , Lanza Mario , Tian He , Yang Yi , Ren Tian‐Ling 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhotoelectric memristors have shown great potential for future machine visions, via integrating sensing, memory, and computing (namely “all‐in‐one”) functions in a single device. However, their hard‐to‐tune photoresponse behavior necessitates extra function modules for signal encoding and modality conversion, impeding such integration. Here, we report an all‐in‐one memristor with Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite, where the Br vacancy doping‐endowed tunable energy band enables tunable photoresponsivity (TPR) behavior. As a result, the memristor showed a large tunable ratio of 35.9 dB, while its photoresponsivity presented a maximum of 2.7 × 103 mA W−1 and a long‐term memory behavior with over 104 s, making it suitable for realizing all‐in‐one processing tasks. By mapping the algorithm parameters onto the photoresponsivity, we successfully performed both recognition and processing tasks based on the TPR memristor array. Remarkably, compared with conventional complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor counterparts, our demonstrations provided comparable performance but had ~133‐fold and ~299‐fold reductions in energy consumption, respectively. Our work could facilitate the development of all‐in‐one smart devices for next‐generation machine visions.image
Advanced Computational Insights Into Cs₂NaScX₆ (X = Cl, Br) ₆ Double Perovskites: Structural Stability, Elastic Properties, and Optical Characteristics for Next‐Generation Photovoltaics
Authors: Khan Junaid , Khan Matiullah , Sharma Tanvi , Boukhris Imed , Al‐Buriahi M. S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe investigate the comprehensive analysis's structural, electronic, optical, and elastic properties of Cs₂NaScX₆ (X = Cl, Br) double perovskites using density functional theory (DFT) implemented by the WIEN2k code. The results show that both compounds are in cubic phases. The calculated tolerance factors show both are stable compounds. The computed optimized lattice parameters are Cs₂NaScX₆ (X = Cl, Br) are 10.72 Å and 12.01 Å, respectively. Employing a modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) potential electronic nature shows that both compounds are in semiconductor nature, that is, 3.138 eV and 3.977 eV. The calculated elastic constant and perimeters show the Cs₂NaScX₆ (X = Cl, Br) are mechanical stables and also ductile and anisotropic nature. The optical properties described the range of photon energies from 0 to 10 eV, revealing pronounced absorption within the visible spectrum, highlighting their considerable promise for transformative innovations in photovoltaic technology. These double perovskites exhibit superior absorption characteristics compared to their Cs₂NaScX₆ (X = Cl, Br) analogues, thus laying the groundwork for significant advancements in solar energy conversion and photovoltaic applications.
Divergent Perception: Framing Creative Cognition Through the Lens of Sensory Flexibility
Authors: Bellemare‐Pepin Antoine , Jerbi Karim 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCreativity is a cornerstone of human evolution and is typically defined as the multifaceted ability to produce novel and useful artifacts. Although much research has focused on divergent thinking, growing evidence underscores the importance of perceptual processing in fostering creativity, particularly through perceptual flexibility. The present work aims to offer a framework that relates creativity to perception, showing how sensory affordances, especially in ambiguous stimuli, can contribute to the generation of novel ideas. In doing so, we contextualize the phenomenon of pareidolia, which involves seeing familiar patterns in noisy or ambiguous stimuli, as a key perceptual mechanism of idea generation—one of the central stages of the creative process. We introduce “divergent perception” to describe the process by which individuals actively engage with the perceptual affordances provided by ambiguous sensory information, and illustrate how this concept could account for the heightened creativity observed in psychedelic and psychotic states. Moreover, we explore how divergent perception relates to cognitive mechanisms crucial in creative thinking, particularly focusing on the role of attention. Finally, we discuss future paths for the exploration of divergent perception, including targeted manipulation of stimulus characteristics and the investigation of the intricate interplay between bottom‐up and top‐down cognitive processes.
Mechanism of pyrazines and thioethers formation promoted by high oxygen concentration in the methionine‐glucose Maillard reaction system
Authors: Yuan Yuxia , Hayat Khizar , Cai Jibao , Xu Da , Xia Shuqin , Cui Heping , Yu Jingyang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe typical aroma compounds in methionine‐glucose Maillard products often undergo further degradation and polymerization during storage and thermal processing, leading to flavor dispersion and aroma distortion. It is crucial to identify measures that enhance typical aroma substances in such flavor matrices.RESULTSThe effect of oxygen on the flavor formation of methionine‐glucose thermal reaction system was explored by determining typical flavor substance contents and flavor differences. Compared with the oxygen concentration in the air (21%), a high oxygen concentration (30% and 40%) effectively promoted the formation of typical flavor substances. Pyrazines increased by 44% and thioethers increased by 13%. The reaction process and the content of key substances were both measured to explain the involvement of oxygen. It was found that high oxygen concentration increased the reaction efficiency of glucose and methionine and promoted the formation of α‐dicarbonyl compounds, including glyoxal, methylglyoxal and 3‐deoxyglucosinone. Moreover, a glyoxal‐methylglyoxal‐methionine model system was established to verify the effect of oxygen intervention on the formation of pyrazines and thioethers generating from α‐dicarbonyl compounds. It was confirmed that a high oxygen concentration promoted the consumption of glyoxal and methylglyoxal, which were more readily converted into pyrazines and thioethers without forming melanoidins.CONCLUSIONA high concentration of oxygen promoted the formation of pyrazines and thioethers during the Maillard reaction of methionine and glucose, and effectively inhibited the occurrence of browning. The present study provides a new concept for the typical flavor enhancement of methionine‐glucose Maillard reaction products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrasound‐assisted extraction versus traditional Soxhlet apparatus for the obtention of polyphenols, carotenoids and tocopherols from Tagetes erecta L. flowers
Authors: Núñez Sonia , Valero Marta Sofía , Mustafa Ahmed M , Caprioli Giovanni , Maggi Filippo , Gómez‐Rincón Carlota , López Víctor 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTagetes erecta L., commonly known as American marigold, serves as a food plant used for the extraction of carotenoids such as lutein, employed both as culinary ingredient in certain dishes and for its ornamental and medicinal applications. Two extraction techniques, Soxhlet and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), were used on two cultivars (yellow and orange) of T. erecta. Polyphenols were quantified using HPLC‐tandem mass spectrometry, whereas carotenoids and tocopherols were determined using HPLC‐diode array detection. Biological activity for antioxidant and antiglycation properties was carried out.RESULTSThe best extraction yield was obtained for UAE (7.51% and 6.83% for yellow and orange flowers), corresponding with the largest amounts of polyphenols quantified. The highest content of tocopherols was obtained in the yellow cultivar extracted by Soxhlet (6499.3 ± 21.2 and 4671.0 ± 92.9 mg kg−1 dry extract for α‐ and γ‐tocopherol). The antioxidant potential resulted higher in the orange Soxhlet extract, whereas the yellow Soxhlet extract displayed the best antiglycation activity (median 50% inhibitory concentration of 25.3 ± 3.3 μg mL−1).CONCLUSIONBoth extraction techniques showed interesting results in terms of bioactivity and compounds obtention. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Gaze Patterns During Evaluation of Facial Attractiveness: An Eye‐Tracking Investigation
Authors: Fearington Forrest W. , Pumford Andrew D. , Awadallah Andrew S. , Dey Jacob K. 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundObjective, controlled eye‐tracking measurement of gaze patterns during layperson evaluation of facial attractiveness is currently lacking.ObjectivesTo objectively investigate (1) where on the face laypeople direct their attention when assessing attractiveness compared with a control group, and (2) whether increased fixation on certain facial regions is associated with high attractiveness ratings.MethodsLay observers viewed a cohort of 40 faces with a diverse age, sex, and racial distribution. Observers were either allowed to free‐gaze without a specific task or rate facial attractiveness for 10 seconds per face while their gaze was recorded by an eye‐tracking system.ResultsForty‐seven observers assessed facial attractiveness (mean age 35.1 years (range 21–76), 62% female) and 57 observers free‐gazed at the facial photos without a specific task (mean age 35.5 years (range 22–66), 54% female). Preliminary analysis showed that sex of both the face and observer substantially influence gaze‐attractiveness associations (p < 0.05). Mixed effects analysis suggests that when males assessed female facial attractiveness, increased fixation time at the mouth correlated most strongly with high attractiveness (p = 0.001), whereas when females assessed male faces, increased fixation at the eyes (p < 0.001) and hair (p = 0.002) were most strongly associated with high ratings of attractiveness.ConclusionsIncreased gaze at the mouth in females and eyes and hair in males is associated with significantly higher ratings of attractiveness by observers of the opposite sex. Practitioners may want to pay special attention to these areas when designing an evidence‐based aesthetic treatment plan.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2024
Local Well‐Posedness of Kolmogorov'S Two‐Equation Model of Turbulence in Fractional Sobolev Spaces
Authors: Kosewski Przemysław 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe study Kolmogorov's two‐equation model of turbulence on ‐dimensional torus. First, the local existence of the solution with the initial data from non‐homogeneous fractional Sobolev spaces (Bessel potential spaces) with is proven using energy methods. Next, we show that solutions are unique in the class of solutions guaranteed by the local existence theorem.
Long Time Existence of Smooth Solutions to 3D Euler–Poisson System of Electrons With Nonzero Vorticity
Authors: Shiyu Li 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we investigate the long‐term stability of classical solution to 3D one‐fluid Euler–Poisson system of electrons with nonzero vorticity. It is shown that the classical solution is well‐posed for a lifesapn at least , where is the size of the initial perturbed density and velocity, is the size of the initial vorticity. This implies that the lifespan only essentially depends on the size of the initial vorticity.
Exploring Congruence Between Patient and Clinician Expectations of Benefit in the Non‐Surgical Management of Common Musculoskeletal Conditions in Tertiary Care
Authors: Marks Darryn , Window Peter , Raymer Maree , Kelly Patrick Swete , Smith Alison , MacGregor Graham , O'Gorman Helen , Jang Ellen , Erceg Steve , Wickins Daniel , Milne Grahame , Cooper Helen , Seels Ian , Diplock Brendan , Taneja Nikhil , McLoughlin Ian , McPhail Steven M. , O'Leary Shaun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatient and clinician expectations of benefit from recommended management approaches may potentially impact the success of managing musculoskeletal conditions.MethodsThis was a multisite study in an advanced practice musculoskeletal service across Queensland, Australia. Relationships between patient and clinician (advanced physiotherapy practitioner) expectations of benefit, patient characteristics, and clinical outcome recorded 6 months later were explored with regression analysis in 619 patients undergoing non‐surgical multidisciplinary care for either knee osteoarthritis (n = 286), low back pain (n = 249) or shoulder impingement syndrome (n = 84).ResultsPatient and clinician expectation ratings had a weak positive association (standardized coefficient (β) 0.28, adjusted R2 0.09). Higher patient expectation ratings were associated with higher readiness for change scores (β 0.31, model adjusted R2 = 0.18), while higher clinician expectation ratings were associated with the condition managed, higher patient education level, lower potential presence of neuropathic pain or yellow flags, and more favourable radiological findings (model adjusted R2 0.4). Patient expectations and self‐reported engagement with care were poorly correlated. Higher patient (β 0.33, adjusted R2 0.12) and clinician (β 0.32, adjusted R2 0.14) expectations were associated with better clinical outcomes. This positive association was stronger when patient and clinician expectation ratings were congruent.ConclusionsFindings suggest that expected benefits from recommended care may impact outcomes and should be considered in the initial phases of management. In particular, congruence between patient and clinician expectations appears to have relevance to outcomes.
Generating Copula‐Correlated Random Variables: A Sequential Acceptance‐Rejection Method
Authors: Dai Weimin , Hu JianQiang , Lei Lei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider the problem of generating a random vector whose joint distribution is characterized by a copula function and their marginal distribution functions. We propose a sequential acceptance‐rejection method, which avoids the inversion of both marginal distributions and conditional distributions of the copula function which are needed in traditional generation methods. In our method, we first generate samples based on the marginal distributions and then use an acceptance‐rejection procedure to construct samples with the desired dependence structure. The method is also applicable in generating time series random variables. We prove that the computational cost of our method only grows linearly to their dimensionality for several types of copulas. Finally, we provide extensive numerical experiments which show our method is quite efficient in comparison with traditional methods.