bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Biological Vulnerability of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Among Children: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18
Authors: Rashmi Rashmi , Paul Ronak 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are the leading infectious disease worldwide and continues to be the single largest morbidity contributor in children. One of the most densely populated countries, Bangladesh also threatens by alarming under-five childhood morbidity, which has aggravated in past years with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study attempts to understand the biological factors affecting the pre-existing respiratory tract infections in under 5 children of Bangladesh.Methods: The present study uses data from 8398 children aged below 5 years during the survey from the Demographic and Health Survey of Bangladesh (BDHS 2017-18). Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to understand the biological vulnerability factors of pre-existing acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) in under five Bangladeshi children and relate them with the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, to show effectively the effect of different risk factors on child morbidity status, we have summarized all the results into prediction graphs at various levels of one variable as the other variable changesResults: Children aged one year were 1.40 [95% CI: 1.16, 1.67] and 2.01 [95% CI: 1.70, 2.36] times more likely to experience single morbidity and comorbidity respectively compared to children aged four years. We observe that male children were 1.18 [95% CI: 1.07, 1.31] times more likely to experience comorbidity compared to their female counterparts. Prediction graphs confirm the multivariate analysis as the probability of comorbidity remains higher in the monsoon season among children, with little change in the summer and winter seasons. Further, Rajshahi administrative division followed by Barisal and Rangpur shows the highest probability of comorbid condition in Bangladesh.Conclusion: Biological factors emerged as the prominent contributor in child ARIs condition. More care is required as the nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic had not only isolated the people from physical communication but also disrupted the health care facilities to care for the pre-existing morbidity condition among Bangladeshi children. Insightful strategies are required to prevent infectious diseases in children right from their homes by focusing on their biological vulnerabilities.
Adaptation of the Patient Benefit Assessment Scale for Hospitalised Older Patients: Development, Reliability and Validity of the P-BAS Picture Version
Authors: Kluit Maria Johanna van der , Dijkstra Geke J. , de Rooij Sophia E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The Patient Benefit Assessment Scale for Hospitalised Older Patients (P-BAS HOP) is a tool developed to both identify the priorities of the individual patient and to measure the outcomes relevant to him/her, resulting in a Patient Benefit Index (PBI), indicating how much benefit the patient had experienced from the hospitalisation. The reliability and the validity of the P-BAS HOP appeared to be not yet satisfactory and therefore the aims of this study were to adapt the P-BAS HOP and transform it into a picture version, resulting in the P-BAS-P, and to evaluate its feasibility, reliability, validity, responsiveness and interpretability.Methods: Process of instrument development and evaluation performed among hospitalised older patients including pilot tests using Three-Step Test-Interviews (TSTI), test-retest reliability on baseline and follow-up, comparing the PBI with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and hypothesis testing to evaluate the construct validity. Responsiveness of individual P-BAS-P scores and the PBI with two different weighing schemes were evaluated using anchor questions. Interpretability of the PBI was evaluated with the visual anchor-based minimal important change (MIC) distribution method and computation of smallest detectable change (SDC) based on ICC.Results: Fourteen hospitalised older patients participated in TSTIs at baseline and thirteen at follow-up after discharge. After several adaptations, the P-BAS-P appeared feasible with good interviewer’s instructions. The pictures were considered relevant and helpful by the participants. Reliability was tested with 41 participants at baseline and 50 at follow-up. ICC between PBI1 and PBI2 of baseline test and retest was 0.76, respectively 0.73. At follow-up 0.86, respectively 0.85.For the construct validity, tested in 169 participants, hypotheses regarding importance of goals were confirmed. Regarding status of goals, only the follow-up status was confirmed, baseline and change were not. The responsiveness of the individual scores and PBI were weak, resulting in poor interpretability with many misclassifications. The SDC was larger than the MIC.Conclusions: The P-BAS-P appeared to be a feasible instrument, but there were methodological barriers for the evaluation of the reliability, validity, and responsiveness. We therefore recommend further research into the P-BAS-P.
Steady Floquet-Andreev States Probed by Tunnelling Spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Gil-Ho , Park Sein , Lee Wonjun , Jang Seong , Choi Yong-Bin , Park Jinho , Jung Woochan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Cho Gil Young 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Engineering quantum states through light-matter interaction has created a new paradigm in condensed matter physics. A representative example is the Floquet-Bloch state, which is generated by time-periodically driving the Bloch wavefunctions in crystals. Previous attempts to realise such states in condensed matter systems have been limited by the transient nature of the Floquet states produced by optical pulses, which masks the universal properties of non-equilibrium physics. Here, we report the generation of steady Floquet Andreev (F-A) states in graphene Josephson junctions by continuous microwave application and direct measurement of their spectra by superconducting tunnelling spectroscopy. We present quantitative analysis of the spectral characteristics of the F-A states while varying the phase difference of superconductors, temperature, microwave frequency and power. The oscillations of the F-A state spectrum with phase difference agreed with our theoretical calculations. Moreover, we confirmed the steady nature of the F-A states by establishing a sum rule of tunnelling conductance, and analysed the spectral density of Floquet states depending on Floquet interaction strength. This study provides a basis for understanding and engineering non-equilibrium quantum states in nano-devices.
Advanced Trap Lateral Flow Immunoassay Sensor for the Detection of Cortisol in Human Bodily Fluids
Authors: Oh Hyun-Kyung , Kim Kihyeun , Jang Hyungjun , Park Jinhee , Kim Min-Gon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Paper-based biosensors based on lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) are promising candidates for POC diagnosis because of their ease of use and rapid target detection. However, the low sensitivity of LFI limits its application, and signal amplification has been used in numerous studies to increase its sensitivity. We developed an advanced trap LFI (α-trapLFI), a simple-to-use sensor, with an additional step for signal amplification. Here, signal amplification is automatically implemented following delayed release of enhancement solution induced by water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol tape. As the polyvinyl alcohol tape is exposed to water, its polymer structure is perturbed (within 5 min), allowing ions to pass through. This new sensor was designed to have a short time delay between the flow of solutions used for the immunoassay and signal amplification. The α-trapLFI was subsequently used to detect cortisol with high sensitivity (9.1 pg∙mL-1) over a broad detection range (0.01–1000 ng∙mL-1) in bodily fluids. Furthermore, an excellent correlation was obtained by analyzing 20 human saliva samples using this sensor and a conventional ELISA (R2 = 0.90). The new sensor will be helpful in detecting various small molecules for simple, rapid, and portable POC diagnosis of stress disorders.
Predicting Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Tissues in Whole Slide Images of Breast Cancer by Using Convolutional Neural Network Model and Multiple Classifiers in Google Colab
Authors: G Deepa B , Senthil S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is the common type of cancer found in women which is caused due to the abnormal growth of cells in the breast. An early BC detection helps to increase the survival rate of the patient and 80% BC type was Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) .In this work, a deep learning-based IDC prediction model is proposed with multiple classifiers and CNN (Convolutional Neural Network). The developed deep learning method used a sequential Keras model like conv2D, Maxpooling2D, Dropout, Flatten and Dense. The multiple classifiers are LR (Logistic Regression), RF (Random Forest), K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbors), SVM (Support Vector Machine), Linear SVC, GNB (Gaussian NB) and DT (Decision Tree). The CNN model generated by using SkLearn, Keras and Tensor flow libraries, and results are organized by MatPlot libraries. At the classification stage, a helper function was defined, and Google Colab online browser platform used for developing the proposed model. The performance is analysed in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score and Support.
Neuroprotective Effect of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Antagonist in the Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bektaşoğlu Pınar Kuru , Koyuncuoğlu Türkan , Akbulut Selin , Akakın Dilek , Eyüboğlu İrem Peker , Erzik Can , Yüksel Meral , Kurtel Hızır 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antagonists are known for their neuroprotective effects. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of PAI-1 antagonists in a rat mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) model.Method: Sprague Dawley male rats were grouped as sham (n=7), TBI (n=9), TBI + PAI-1 antagonist (5 and 10 mg/kg TM5441 and TM5484; n=6-7). Under anesthesia, TBI was induced by dropping a metal 300-gram weight from a height of 1 meter on the skull. Before and 24-hour after trauma neurological examination, tail suspension, Y-maze, novel object recognition tests were performed. Twenty-four hours after TBI, the rats were decapitated and activities of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide release, luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence were measured. Also, interleukin-1b, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-10, tumor growth factor-b, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and PAI levels were measured with the ELISA method in the brain tissue. Brain injury was graded histopathologically following hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot and immunohistochemical investigation for low-density lipoprotein receptor, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and nuclear factor-kB were also performed. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) and expressed as means ± SEM. Values of p < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.Results: Higher levels of myeloperoxidase activity in the TBI group (p<0.05) were found to be suppressed in 5 and 10 mg/kg TM5441 treatment groups (p<0.05-p<0.01). The tail suspension test score was increased in the TBI group (p<0.001), and decreased in all treatment groups (p<0.05-0.001). The histologic damage score was increased statistically significantly in the cortex, dentate gyrus, and CA3 regions in the TBI group (p<0.01-0.001), decreased in the treatment groups in the cortex and dentate gyrus (p<0.05-0.001). Conclusion: PAI antagonists, especially TM5441, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against mild TBI in the acute period. Behavioral test results were also improved after PAI antagonist treatment after mild TBI.
Diagnostic Value of DHX58 - IRF7 Involved in RIG-I-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Tuberculosis
Authors: Li Chong-hui , Fu Yu-rong , yi zhengjun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that endangers human health. This study set out to search for key genes and related pathways in dendritic cell (DC) from TB patients to reveal the potential molecular mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers for TB.Method: DC data GSE34151 related to TB was downloaded from GEO data sets for analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by employing an online tool, GEO2R. PPI network of DEGs and gene module were visualized and calculated applying STRING and Cytoscape, respectively. GO analysis and KEGG pathway were utilized to annotate the functions of DEGs. ROC curve analysis was applied to screen the most diagnostic hub genes associated with TB. Furthermore, their expression was validated in blood data (GSE83456), which were further compared to the T-spot·TB test.Results: A total of 290 DEGs were screened, which were significantly enriched in Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways. Among them, 27 candidate hub genes with the most significant cluster in PPI were enriched in RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, which has been known to be associated with TB. We further found that the top 10 hub genes(DHX58, ISG20, IRF1, IRF7 and RSAD2, etc) showed high performance for TB diagnosis, among which both DHX58 and IRF7 were enriched in the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. Moreover, DHX58 and IRF7 were also increased in blood, which were consistent with that in dendritic cell. Interestingly, DHX58 and IRF7 display higher diagnostic efficacy than T-spot·TB test.Conclusion: In this study, we revealed that both DHX58 and IRF7 with high diagnostic value in blood and dendritic cells, potentially involved in RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, may serve as a marker for TB diagnosis.
Dissociation of early and late face-related processes in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Williams syndrome
Authors: Gomez Alice , Lio Guillaume , Costa Manuela , Sirigu Angela , Demily Caroline 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are psychiatric conditions associated with atypical but opposite face-to-face interactions patterns: WS patients overly stare at others, ASD individuals escape eye contact. Whether these behaviors result from dissociable visual processes within the occipito-temporal pathways is unknown. Using high-density electroencephalography, multivariate pattern classification and group blind source separation, we searched for face-related neural signals that could best discriminate WS (N = 14), ASD (N = 14) and neurotypical populations (N = 14). We found two peaks in neurotypical participants: the first at 170ms, an early signal known to be implicated in low-level face features, the second at 260ms, a late component implicated in decoding salient face social cues. The late 260ms signal varied as a function of the distance of the eyes in the face stimulus with respect to the viewers’ fovea, meaning that it was strongest when the eyes were projected on the fovea and weakest when projected in the retinal periphery. Remarkably, both components were found distinctly impaired and preserved in WS and ASD. In WS, we could weakly decode the 170ms signal probably due to their relatively poor ability to process faces’ morphology while the late 260ms component shown to be eye sensitive was highly significant. The reverse pattern was observed in ASD participants who showed neurotypical like early 170ms evoked activity but impaired late evoked 260ms signal. Our study reveals a dissociation between WS and ASD patients and point at different neural origins for their social impairments.
Monocytic THP-1 Cells Diverge Significantly From Their Native Counterparts: A Comparative Examination of The Chromosomal Conformations And Transcriptomes
Authors: Liu Yulong , Li Hua , Czajkowsky Daniel M , Shao Zhifeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Immortalized cell lines have long been used as model systems to systematically investigate biological processes under controlled and reproducible conditions, providing insights that have greatly advanced cellular biology and medical sciences. Recently, the widely used monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, was comprehensively examined to understand mechanistic relationships between the 3D chromatin structure and transcription during the trans-differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. To corroborate these observations in primary cells, we analyze in situ Hi-C and RNA-seq data of human primary monocytes and their differentiated macrophages in comparison to that obtained from the monocytic/macrophagic THP-1 cells. Surprisingly, we find significant differences between the primary cells and the THP-1 cells at all levels of chromatin structure, from loops to topologically associated domains to compartments. Importantly, the compartment-level differences correlate significantly with transcription: those genes that are in A-compartments in the primary cells but are in B-compartments in the THP-1 cells exhibit a higher level of expression in the primary cells than in the THP-1 cells, and vice versa. Overall, the genes in these different compartments are enriched for a wide range of pathways, and, at least in the case of the monocytic cells, their altered expression in certain pathways in the THP-1 cells argues for a less immune cell-like phenotype, suggesting that immortalization or prolonged culturing of THP-1 caused a divergence of these cells from their native counterparts. It is thus essential to reexamine phenotypic details observed in cell lines with their native counterparts so as to ensure a proper understanding of functional cell states in vivo.
Dynamical masses of two infant giant planets
Authors: Mascareño Alejandro Suárez , Damasso Mario , Lodieu Nicolas , Sozzetti Alessandro , Béjar Víctor , Benatti Serena , Osorio María Rosa Zapatero , Micela Giusi , Rebolo Rafael , Desidera Silvano , Murgas Felipe , Claudi Riccardo , González-Hernández Jonay , Malavolta Luca , Burgo Carlos del , D'Orazi Valentina , Amado Pedro , Locci Daniele , Tabernero Hugo , Marzari Francesco , Aguado David , Turrini Diego , Guillén Carlos Cardona , Padrón Borja Toledo , Maggio Antonio , Aceituno Jesús , Bauer Florian , Caballero Jose , Chinchilla Patricia , Esparza-Borges Emma , González-Álvarez Esther , Granzer Thomas , Luque Rafael , Guerrero Eduardo Martín , Nowak Grzegorz , Oshagh Mahmoudreza , Pallé Enric , Parviainen Hannu , Quirrenbach Andreas , Reiners Ansgar , Ribas Ignasi , Strassmeier Klaus , Weber Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Current theories of planetary evolution predict that infant giant planets have large radii and very low densities before they slowly contract to reach their final size after about several hundred million years 1, 2. These theoretical expectations remain untested to date, despite the increasing number of exoplanetary discoveries, as the detection and characterisation of very young planets is extremely challenging due to the intense stellar activity of their host stars 3, 4. However, the recent discoveries of young planetary transiting systems allow to place initial constraints on evolutionary models5–9. With an estimated age of 20 million years, V1298 Tau is one of the youngest solar-type stars known to host transiting planets: it harbours a multiple system composed of two Neptune-sized, one Saturn-sized, and one Jupiter-sized planets 10, 11. Here we report the dynamical masses of two of the four planets. We find that planet b, with an orbital period of 24 days, has a mass of 0.60 Jupiter masses and a density similar to the giant planets of the Solar System and other known giant exoplanets with significantly older ages 12, 13. Planet e, with an orbital period of 40 days, has a mass of 1.21 Jupiter masses and a density larger than most giant exoplanets. This is unexpected for planets at such a young age and suggests that some giant planets might evolve and contract faster than anticipated, thus challenging current models of planetary evolution.
Host-Plant Volatiles Enhance the Attraction of Cnaphalocrocis medicals (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Sex Pheromone
Authors: Liu Fang , Du Hai-Tao , Li Yao , Zhu Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a notorious pest of rice, Oryza sativa L.(Poaceae). Sex pheromone and host-plant volatiles can trap C. medinalis separately. To improve the trap efficiency of sex pheromone, we first tested the synergistic effect of 8 host-plant volatiles, including 2-Phenylethanol, 1-Hexanol, 1-Heptanol, (Z)-3-Hexenal, (E)-2-Hexenal, Octanal, Valeraldehyde, and Methyl Salicylate on the attraction of C. medinalis to the female-produced sex pheromone in electroantennography. The addition of (E)-2-Hexenal, Methyl Salicylate, Valeraldehyde, and (Z)-3-Hexenal increased electroantennogram response of C. medinalis to sex pheromone. Further testing of the mixtures of these four compounds and sex pheromone in wind tunnel experiments indicated that additive (E)-2-Hexenal or Methyl Salicylate stimulated the landing behaviors of both male and female C. medinalis compared with sex pheromone alone. Field evaluations showed that mixtures of sex pheromone and (E)-2-Hexenal or Methyl Salicylate resulted in significantly higher catches to male moths than sex pheromone alone. Using 1:1 and 1:10 combinations of the sex pheromone and (E)-2-Hexenal, showed a synergistic effect of 95% and 110%, respectively. Furthermore, 1:1 and 1:10 mixtures of the sex pheromone and Methyl Salicylate exhibited a synergistic effect of 69% and 146%, respectively. These results may provide the basis for developing efficient pest management strategies against C. medinalis using host-plant volatiles and insect sex pheromones.
International Value of The Potential Al-Medina Volcanic Global Geopark in Saudi Arabia Revealed From Multi-Satellite Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Fu Han , Fu Bihong , Shi Pilong , Zheng Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Global Geopark must be of international importance in terms of their scientific quality, rarity, aesthetic appeal and education value. The Saudi Arabia, as one of the important node countries along the Belt and Road, has developed at least nine Cenozoic basaltic volcanic lava fields in the western part, with a total area of 180,000 km2. In this paper, the geological and geomorphic features of volcanic lava fields in western Saudi Arabia induced by the expansion of the Red Sea are interpreted using multi-source satellite images, such as Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) and Gaofen-2 data. Our results show that the Al-Medina volcanic field (AMVF) has great advantages to become the potential volcanic Global Geopark in Saudi Arabia. This study indicates that : 1) AMVF has special international geo-scientific significance and rare natural attribute in geodynamic mechanism and lithologic characteristics; 2) AMVF has abundant volcanic landscapes, including completely preserved cones and craters and multi-phase lava flows from different eruption stages, which have great aesthetic appreciation and education values to attract the general public; 3) AMVF is close to the second holy city of Islam-Medina city, which has convenient transportation and is suitable to develop tourism to promote the local economy development; 4) AMVF had erupted repeatedly (the latest eruption was in 1256 AD), establishment of the Global Geopark can not only prevent potential geological hazard risks to Medina city from future volcanic eruptions, but also provide better protection and conservation to geoheritage sites being damaged by human activities.