bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2-assoziierte Todesfälle von erwachsenen Personen bis 50 Jahre
Authors: Lohner L. , Fröb D. , Edler C. , Schröder A. S. , Dietz E. , Ondruschka B. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
In der internationalen Literatur finden sich mehrere Auswertungen zu SARS-CoV-2-assoziierten Todesfällen bei Personen in hohem Lebensalter. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Evaluation SARS-CoV-2-assoziierter Todesfälle von Personen jüngeren oder mittleren Lebensalters (bis 50 Jahre) im Institut für Rechtsmedizin in Hamburg mit Darstellung der Häufigkeit, der Komorbiditäten und der Krankheitsverläufe.

Material und Methoden
Durch das Institut für Rechtsmedizin in Hamburg wurden im Jahr 2020 insgesamt 735 SARS-CoV-2-assoziierte Fälle von Verstorbenen mit Hamburger Meldeadresse anhand verschiedener Untersuchungsmethoden evaluiert. Die Auswahl und Durchführung der jeweiligen Untersuchungsmethoden erfolgten je nach Zustimmung durch die nächsten Angehörigen. Darüber hinaus wurden weitere Sektionen von Verstorbenen mit externer Meldeadresse und positivem SARS-CoV-2-Nachweis durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen
Neun der 735 Verstorbenen mit Hamburger Meldeadresse und 3 der untersuchten Todesfälle mit externer Meldeadresse (n = 12; 7 Männer und 5 Frauen) waren ≤50 Jahre alt, mit einem Altersdurchschnitt von 39,8 Jahren. Im Wesentlichen bestanden kardiovaskuläre, neurologische und maligne Erkrankungen sowie eine Adipositas. Bei 2 Todesfällen wurde SARS-CoV‑2 erstmalig postmortal nachgewiesen; bei diesen beiden fand sich eine virusunabhängige Todesursache. Sieben der Personen verstarben an einer COVID-19-Pneumonie, 3 Personen an den Folgen der notwendigen intensivmedizinischen Behandlung.
Mehrere Studien konnten insbesondere bei jüngeren Patienten einen Zusammenhang zwischen Übergewichtigkeit und schweren SARS-CoV-2-bedingten Krankheitsverläufen zeigen, was sich auch im hiesigen rechtsmedizinischen Untersuchungskollektiv bestätigte.
In vitro interactions of Alternaria mycotoxins, an emerging class of food contaminants, with the gut microbiota: a bidirectional relationship
Authors: Crudo Francesco , Aichinger Georg , Mihajlovic Jovana , Varga Elisabeth , Dellafiora Luca , Warth Benedikt , Dall’Asta Chiara , Berry David , Marko Doris 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe human gut microbiota plays an important role in the maintenance of human health. Factors able to modify its composition might predispose the host to the development of pathologies. Among the various xenobiotics introduced through the diet, Alternaria mycotoxins are speculated to represent a threat for human health. However, limited data are currently available about the bidirectional relation between gut microbiota and Alternaria mycotoxins. In the present work, we investigated the in vitro effects of different concentrations of a complex extract of Alternaria mycotoxins (CE; containing eleven mycotoxins; e.g. 0.153 µM alternariol and 2.3 µM altersetin, at the maximum CE concentration tested) on human gut bacterial strains, as well as the ability of the latter to metabolize or adsorb these compounds. Results from the minimum inhibitory concentration assay showed the scarce ability of CE to inhibit the growth of the tested strains. However, the growth kinetics of most of the strains were negatively affected by exposure to the various CE concentrations, mainly at the highest dose (50 µg/mL). The CE was also found to antagonize the formation of biofilms, already at concentrations of 0.5 µg/mL. LC–MS/MS data analysis of the mycotoxin concentrations found in bacterial pellets and supernatants after 24 h incubation showed the ability of bacterial strains to adsorb some Alternaria mycotoxins, especially the key toxins alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, and altersetin. The tendency of these mycotoxins to accumulate within bacterial pellets, especially in those of Gram-negative strains, was found to be directly related to their lipophilicity.
Primary prophylaxis of bacterial infections and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors: 2020 updated guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (AGIHO/DGHO)
Authors: Classen Annika Y. , Henze Larissa , von Lilienfeld-Toal Marie , Maschmeyer Georg , Sandherr Michael , Graeff Luisa Durán , Alakel Nael , Christopeit Maximilian , Krause Stefan W. , Mayer Karin , Neumann Silke , Cornely Oliver A. , Penack Olaf , Weißinger Florian , Wolf Hans-Heinrich , Vehreschild Jörg Janne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHematologic and oncologic patients with chemo- or immunotherapy-related immunosuppression are at substantial risk for bacterial infections and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP). As bacterial resistances are increasing worldwide and new research reshapes our understanding of the interactions between the human host and bacterial commensals, administration of antibacterial prophylaxis has become a matter of discussion. This guideline constitutes an update of the 2013 published guideline of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO). It gives an overview about current strategies for antibacterial prophylaxis in cancer patients while taking into account the impact of antibacterial prophylaxis on the human microbiome and resistance development. Current literature published from January 2012 to August 2020 was searched and evidence-based recommendations were developed by an expert panel. All recommendations were discussed and approved in a consensus conference of the AGIHO prior to publication. As a result, we present a comprehensive update and extension of our guideline for antibacterial and PcP prophylaxis in cancer patients.
The good and the bad about separation anxiety: roles of IL-22 and IL-22BP in liver pathologies
Authors: Lücke Jöran , Sabihi Morsal , Zhang Tao , Bauditz Lennart Fynn , Shiri Ahmad Mustafa , Giannou Anastasios D. , Huber Samuel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe human liver fulfills several vital tasks daily and possesses an impressive ability to self-regenerate. However, the capacity of this self-healing process can be exhausted by a variety of different liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver damage, viral hepatitis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Over time, all these diseases generally lead to progressive liver failure that can become fatal if left untreated. Thus, a great effort has been directed towards the development of innovative therapies. The most recently discovered therapies often involve modifying the patient’s immune system to enhance a beneficial immune response. Current data suggest that, among others, the cytokine IL-22 might be a promising therapeutical candidate. IL-22 and its endogenous antagonist, IL-22BP, have been under thorough scientific investigation for nearly 20 years. While IL-22 is mainly produced by TH22 cells, ILC3s, NKT cells, or γδ T cells, sources of IL-22BP include dendritic cells, eosinophils, and CD4+ cells. In many settings, IL-22 was shown to promote regenerative potential and, thus, could protect tissues from pathogens and damage. However, the effects of IL-22 during carcinogenesis are more ambiguous and depend on the tumor entity and microenvironment. In line with its capabilities of neutralizing IL-22 in vivo, IL-22BP possesses often, but not always, an inverse expression pattern compared to its ligand. In this comprehensive review, we will summarize past and current findings regarding the roles of IL-22 and IL-22BP in liver diseases with a particular focus on the leading causes of advanced liver failure, namely, liver infections, liver damage, and liver malignancies.
Factors of sexual quality of life in gynaecological cancers: a systematic literature review
Authors: Roussin Melanie , Lowe John , Hamilton Anita , Martin Lisa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The impact of cancer diagnosis and treatment on sexual quality of life (SQoL) is a well-established survivorship issue for gynaecological cancer survivors (GCS), yet little is known on how to intervene.

Purpose
The aim of this systematic review was to identify the factors explaining the variability in SQoL for GCS.

Methods
We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework and the software Covidence. Electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, PUBMED and CINAHL were searched for original research on GCS published between 2002 and 2018. We performed a two-stage screening process against selection criteria and quality assessment of individual studies. The Salutogenic Theory and the PRECEDE–PROCEED model were used as theoretical frameworks to identify and categorise factors.

Results
The initial search yielded 3,505 articles resulting in a total of 46 studies used to examine the association between factors of SQoL and gynaecological cancers. Our findings suggested that SQoL varies across subgroups based on age, menopausal status, relationship status, and treatment modality. Protective factors included clinicians’ knowledge and confidence, preventive medical approach, risk and needs assessment, patient–clinician communication, relationship quality, psychosocial support, symptom management, accessibility of psychosexual care, and self-efficacy in the rediscovery of sexuality.

Conclusion
Despite the high incidence and long-term impact of sexual health issues on quality of life, supportive care needs are not being met. A better understanding of the evidence base around the factors of SQoL can help health professionals take steps to protect and improve SQoL in GCS.
Postmortem coronary artery calcium score in cases of myocardial infarction
Authors: Michaud Katarzyna , Magnin Virginie , Faouzi Mohamed , Fracasso Tony , Aguiar Diego , Dedouit Fabrice , Grabherr Silke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSudden cardiac death (SCD) related to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (ACAD) resulting in myocardial infarction is the most prevalent cause of death in western countries. In clinical practice, coronary artery calcium score (CACS) is considered an independent predictor of coronary events, closely related to atherosclerotic burden and is quantified radiologically by the Agatston score being calculated through computed tomography. Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) allows the visualization and quantification of coronary calcifications before the autopsy. However, it was reported that some patients who died from severe ACAD had a zero CACS in PMCT. In this study, a retrospective evaluation of CACS in adult’s myocardial infarction cases related to ACAD, with available CACS and histological slides of coronary arteries, was performed in order to gain a deeper understanding of coronary calcifications and their role in myocardial infarction cases. The CACS was calculated by using the software Smartscore 4.0 after the radiological examination on a 64-row CT unit using a specific cardiac protocol. Thirty-six cases were identified out of 582 autopsies, recorded during a 2-year study period (29 men, 7 women; age 56.3 ± 11.7). CACS was 0–10 in 5 cases (5 men, 44.8 ± 13.7), 11–100 in 8 cases (6 men, 2 women, 53.1 ± 7.7), 101–400 in 13 cases (11 men, 2 women, 57.4 ± 9.6), and > 400 in 10 cases (9 men, 1 woman, 63.1 ± 11.9). Coronary thrombosis was found in 28 cases, histologically identified as plaque erosions in 6 cases and as plaque ruptures in 22 cases. Statistical analyses showed that CACS increases significantly with age (p-value < 0.05) and does not show significant correlation with gender, body weight, body mass index, and heart weight. CACS was significantly higher in plaque ruptures than in plaque erosions (p-value < 0.01). Zero or low CACS on unenhanced PMCT cannot exclude the presence of myocardial infarction related to ACAD. This paradoxical discrepancy between imaging and autopsy findings can be explained considering the histological aspect of fatal coronary plaques.
Frailty as a predictive factor for survival after liver transplantation, especially for patients with MELD≤15—a prospective study
Authors: Klein Christian G. , Malamutmann Eugen , Latuske Jenny , Tagay Sefik , Dörri Nora , Teufel Martin , Paul Andreas , Oezcelik Arzu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionFrailty has been discussed as a predictor of morbidity and mortality for liver cirrhosis. The aim of our study is to evaluate the role of frailty in liver transplantation, particularly for patients with MELD scores<15.MethodsAll patients listed for liver transplantation between September 2015 and November 2018 were prospectively included in the study. Frailty was assessed by Fried’s frailty classification. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were prospectively recorded. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. The ethical approval of the institutional board review was obtained for the study.ResultsThere were 114 patients included in the study, and their median MELD score was 16. Of these, 86 patients were defined as frail (75.4%). A total of 62 patients (54.4%) underwent liver transplantation, 11 (17.7%) died postoperatively, and 24 patients (21.0%) died while on the waitlist. All postoperative mortality cases were frail, and only 3 patients (12.5%) were non-frail in the waitlist mortality group. There were 14 patients who had MELD scores of<15 (58.3%). The overall survival of non-frail patients was significantly better than that of frail patients. The multivariate regression analyses identified frailty criteria, including unintended weight loss and low hand grip strength, and platelet count and being married or living in a solid partnership were prognostic factors for survival in all patients.ConclusionThe addition of frailty assessment can be beneficial for predicting mortality after liver transplantation, especially in patients with low MELD score. Frail patients on the waitlist have significant risk for mortality even with low MELD score.
Anwendung von Rahmen-Multiplikatoren für die Extraktion von Kurvenquietschen von Zugsaufnahmen
Authors: Balazs Peter , Kasess Christian , Kreuzer Wolfgang , Maly Thomas , Průša Zdeněk , Jaillet Florent 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungFür viele Anwendungen in der Akustik ist es notwendig, Signale und Funktionen mithilfe von zeitvarianten Filtern zu bearbeiten, z. B. um Komponenten aus einem Signal zu entfernen, deren Frequenzverlauf sich über die Zeit ändert. Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, die auf einer Darstellung des Signals durch Rahmen (engl. Frames) basiert, und mit deren Hilfe Filter auf der Zeit-Frequenz-Ebene definiert werden können. Nach einer kurzen Beschreibung des theoretischen Hintergrunds von Rahmen wird ihre Anwendung anhand eines Beispiels aus der Lärmforschung erläutert. Mithilfe einer einfachen grafischen Oberfläche wird aus einer Aufnahme einer Kurvenfahrt eines Zugs eine durch den Dopplereffekt zeitvariante Komponente (Kurvenquietschen) herausgeschnitten und in ein zweites Signal eingefügt. Auf diese Art und Weise lassen sich kontrollierte Signale generieren, die dann zur Lärmbewertung eingesetzt werden können.
On two conjectures of Gross for large vanishing orders
Authors: Hofer Martin , Kleine Sören 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe prove the Gross order of vanishing conjecture in special cases where the vanishing order of the character in question can be arbitrarily large. In almost all previously known cases the vanishing order is zero or one. One major ingredient of our proofs is the equivalence of this conjecture to the Gross–Kuz’min conjecture. We present here a direct proof of this equivalence, using only the known validity of the Iwasawa Main Conjecture over totally real fields.
Total extraperitoneal (TEP) versus laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) hernioplasty: systematic review and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Aiolfi Alberto , Cavalli Marta , Del Ferraro Simona , Manfredini Livia , Lombardo Francesca , Bonitta Gianluca , Bruni Piero Giovanni , Panizzo Valerio , Campanelli Giampiero , Bona Davide 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the updated evidence on safety, effectiveness, and outcomes of the totally extraperitoneal (TEP) versus the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair and to explore the timely tendency variations favoring one treatment over another.

Methods
Systematic review and trial sequential analysis (TSA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were consulted. Risk Ratio (RR), weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as pooled effect size measures.

Results
Fifteen RCTs were included (1359 patients). Of these, 702 (51.6%) underwent TAPP and 657 (48.4%) TEP repair. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 92 years and 87.9% were males. The estimated pooled RR for hernia recurrence (RR = 0.83; 95% CI 0.35–1.96) and chronic pain (RR = 1.51; 95% CI 0.54–4.22) were similar for TEP vs. TAPP. The TSA shows a cumulative z-curve without crossing the monitoring boundaries line (Z = 1.96), thus supporting true negative results while the information size was calculated as adequate for both outcomes. No significant differences were found in term of early postoperative pain, operative time, wound-related complications, hospital length of stay, return to work/daily activities, and costs.

Conclusions
TEP and TAPP repair seems comparable in terms of postoperative hernia recurrence and chronic pain. The cumulative evidence and information size are sufficient to provide a conclusive evidence on recurrence and chronic pain. Similar trials or meta-analyses seem unlikely to show diverse results and should be discouraged.
Repeat stereotactic radiosurgery for progressive vestibular schwannomas after previous radiosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Balossier Anne , Régis Jean , Reyns Nicolas , Roche Pierre-Hugues , Daniel Roy Thomas , George Mercy , Faouzi Mohamed , Levivier Marc , Tuleasca Constantin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVestibular schwannomas (VS) are slow-growing intracranial extraaxial benign tumors, developing from the vestibular part of the eight cranial nerves. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has now a long-term scientific track record as first intention treatment for small- to medium-sized VS. Though its success rate is very high, SRS for VS might fail to control tumor growth in some cases. However, the literature on repeat SRS after previously failed SRS remains scarce and reported in a low number of series with a limited number of cases. Here, we aimed at performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on repeat SRS for VS. Using PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed manuscripts published between January 1990 and October 2020 and referenced in PubMed. Tumor control and cranial nerve outcomes were evaluated with separate meta-analyses. Eight studies comprising 194 patients were included. The overall rate of patients treated in repeat SRS series as per overall series with first SRS was 2.2% (range 1.2–3.2%, p < 0.001). The mean time between first and second SRS was 50.7 months (median 51, range 44–64). The median marginal dose prescribed at first SRS was 12 Gy (range 8–24) and at second SRS was 12 Gy (range 9.8–19). After repeat SRS, tumor stability was reported in 61/194 patients, i.e., a rate of 29.6% (range 20.2–39%, I2 = 49.1%, p < 0.001). Tumor decrease was reported in 83/194 patients, i.e., a rate of 54.4% (range 33.7–75.1%, I2 = 89.1%, p < 0.001). Tumor progression was reported in 50/188 patients, i.e., a rate of 16.1% (range 2.5–29.7%, I2 = 87.1%, p = 0.02), rarely managed surgically. New trigeminal numbness was reported in 27/170 patients, i.e., a rate of 9.9% (range 1.4–18.3%, p < 0.02). New facial nerve palsy of worsened of previous was reported in 8/183 patients, i.e., a rate of 4.3% (range 1.4–7.2%, p = 0.004). Hearing loss was reported in 12/22 patients, i.e., a rate of 54.3% (range 24.8–83.8%, I2 = 70.7%, p < 0.001). Repeat SRS after previously failed SRS for VS is associated with high tumor control rates. Cranial nerve outcomes remain favorable, particularly for facial nerve. The rate of hearing loss appears similar to the one related to first SRS.
Litter decomposition of six tree species on indigenous agroforestry farms in south-eastern Ethiopia in relation to litterfall carbon inputs and modelled soil respiration
Authors: Negash Mesele , Starr Mike 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe indigenous agroforestry systems practised by smallholders in south-eastern Ethiopia have high biodiversity and productivity. However, little is known about their carbon (C) inputs and outputs. We carried out a 1-year litterbag study to determine leaf litter decompositionkconstants for six woody species common to these agroforestry systems. Thekvalues were then used to calculate the decomposition C losses from measured litterfall C fluxes and the results compared to modelled soil respiration (Rs) C losses. Litterbag weight loss at the end of the year was 100% or nearly so,kvalues 2.582–6.108 (yr−1) and half-life 41–112 days.kvalues were significantly (p = 0.023) correlated with litter N contents, nearly so with C/N ratios (p = 0.053), but not with other nutrients (Ca, Mg and K), and negatively correlated with temperature (p = 0.080). Using species, farm elevation, temperature and litter quality as predictors, partial least squares regression explained 48% of the variation ink. Depending on species, estimated decomposition C losses from litterfall were 18 to 58% lower than annual litterfall C inputs. Using a heterotrophic respiration (Rh) toRsratio of 0.5, modelledRhC losses were 89 to 238% of litterfall decomposition C losses estimated usingkvalues. However, using anRh/Rsratio of 0.27, which is appropriate for tropical humid forests,RhC losses were 11 to 138% of estimated litterfall decomposition C losses. Our decomposition and soil respiration estimates indicate that litterfall is sufficient to maintain soil organic C contents and thereby the soil fertility of these unique agroforestry systems.
A phenomenological study of new doctors’ transition to practice, utilising participant-voiced poetry
Authors: Brown Megan E. L. , Proudfoot Amy , Mayat Nabilah Y. , Finn Gabrielle M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTransition to practice can be a turbulent time for new doctors. It has been proposed transition is experienced non-linearly in physical, psychological, cultural and social domains. What is less well known, however, is whether transition within these domains can contribute to the experience of moral injury in new doctors. Further, the lived experience of doctors as they transition to practice is underexplored. Given this, we asked; how do newly qualified doctors experience transition from medical school to practice? One-to-one phenomenological interviews with 7 recently qualified UK doctors were undertaken. Findings were analysed using Ajjawi and Higgs’ framework of hermeneutic analysis. Following identification of secondary concepts, participant-voiced research poems were crafted by the research team, re-displaying participant words chronologically to convey meaning and deepen analysis. 4 themes were identified: (1) The nature of transition to practice; (2) The influence of community; (3) The influence of personal beliefs and values; and (4) The impact of unrealistic undergraduate experience. Transition to practice was viewed mostly negatively, with interpersonal support difficult to access given the 4-month nature of rotations. Participants describe relying on strong personal beliefs and values, often rooted in an ‘ethic of caring’ to cope. Yet, in the fraught landscape of the NHS, an ethic of caring can also prove troublesome and predispose to moral injury as trainees work within a fragmented system misaligned with personal values. The disjointed nature of postgraduate training requires review, with focus on individual resilience redirected to tackle systemic health-service issues.