bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmentation of the heat shock axis during exceptional longevity in Ames dwarf mice
Authors: Trivedi Rachana , Knopf Bailey , Tripathi Jitendra Kumar , Rakoczy Shar , Manocha Gunjan D. , Brown-Borg Holly , Jurivich Donald A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHow the heat shock axis, repair pathways, and proteostasis impact the rate of aging is not fully understood. Recent reports indicate that normal aging leads to a 50% change in several regulatory elements of the heat shock axis. Most notably is the age-dependent enhancement of inhibitory signals associated with accumulated heat shock proteins and hyper-acetylation associated with marked attenuation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)–DNA binding activity. Because exceptional longevity is associated with increased resistance to stress, this study evaluated regulatory check points of the heat shock axis in liver extracts from 12 months and 24 months long-lived Ames dwarf mice and compared these findings with aging wild-type mice. This analysis showed that 12M dwarf and wild-type mice have comparable stress responses, whereas old dwarf mice, unlike old wild-type mice, preserve and enhance activating elements of the heat shock axis. Old dwarf mice thwart negative regulation of the heat shock axis typically observed in usual aging such as noted in HSF1 phosphorylation at Ser307 residue, acetylation within its DNA binding domain, and reduction in proteins that attenuate HSF1–DNA binding. Unlike usual aging, dwarf HSF1 protein and mRNA levels increase with age and further enhance by stress. Together these observations suggest that exceptional longevity is associated with compensatory and enhanced HSF1 regulation as an adaptation to age-dependent forces that otherwise downregulate the heat shock axis.
Preliminary analysis of two NAC transcription factor expression patterns in Larix olgensis
Authors: Cao Qing , An Peiqi , Zhang Sufang , Wang Junhui , Zhang Hanguo , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe NAC transcription factor family is plant-specific with various biological functions. However, there are few studies on the NAC gene involving coniferous species. Bioinformatics research and expression analysis of NAC genes in Larix olgensis can be used to analyse the function of the NAC gene in the future. Screening of excellent genetic materials and molecular breeding have been utilized to cultivate high-quality, stress-resistant larches. According to the transcriptome data for L. olgensis, the genes Unigene81490 and Unigene70699 with complete ORFs (open reading frames) were obtained by conserved domain analysis and named LoNAC1 and LoNAC2, respectively. The cDNAs of LoNAC1 and LoNAC2 were 1971 bp and 1095 bp in length, encoding 656 and 364 amino acids, respectively. The molecular weights of the proteins encoded by the two genes were predicted to be 72.61 kDa and 41.13 kDa, and subcellular localization analysis indicated that the proteins were concentrated in the nucleus. The results of real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that at different growth stages and in different tissues of L. olgensis, the relative expression levels of the two NAC genes were highest in the stem, and the expression differences were more obvious in non-lignified tissues. After drought, salt and alkali stress and hormone treatment, expression was induced to different degrees. The expression levels of LoNAC1 and LoNAC2 in semi-lignified L. olgensis were higher than in the other two periods (non-lignified and lignified), and expression levels significantly increased under drought and salt stress. Relative expression levels changed under hormone treatment. It is speculated that these two genes may not only be related to drought and salt stress and secondary growth but may also be induced by hormones such as abscisic acid. Overall, LoNAC1 and LoNAC2 are genetic materials that can be used for molecular breeding of larch.
Representations of the necklace braid group $${{\mathcal {N}}{\mathcal {B}}}_n$$ of dimension 4 ($$n=2,3,4$$)
Authors: Mayassi Taher I. , Abdulrahim Mohammad N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider the irreducible representations each of dimension 2 of the necklace braid group $${\mathcal {N}}{\mathcal {B}}_n$$

N

B
n

($$n=2,3,4$$

n
=
2
,
3
,
4

). We then consider the tensor product of the representations of $${\mathcal {N}}{\mathcal {B}}_n$$

N

B
n

($$n=2,3,4$$

n
=
2
,
3
,
4

) and determine necessary and sufficient condition under which the constructed representations are irreducible. Finally, we determine conditions under which the irreducible representations of $${\mathcal {N}}{\mathcal {B}}_n$$

N

B
n

($$n=2,3,4$$

n
=
2
,
3
,
4

) of degree 2 are unitary relative to a hermitian positive definite matrix.
The influence of a signal’s time structure on the perceived noise annoyance of road traffic noise
Authors: Felcyn Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Road traffic noise is the most common source of noise in modern cities. The noise indicators used to manage noise do not take into account its temporal structure. However, in cities the traffic flow varies during the day, peaking due to congestion and more fluent periods. In this research we sought to analyze how people (giving answers on a numerical ICBEN scale) perceive noise stimuli with the same LAeqT values but different time structures (more/less noise events, different amplitude envelopes).

Methods
31 people with normal hearing took part in an experiment conducted in an anechoic chamber. Participants listened to 18 different noise recordings and rated each of them using the numerical ICBEN scale regarding noise annoyance.

Results
The results showed that only sound level was a statistically significant factor. However, based on people’s remarks about noise, we can also say that the more intermittent the noise is, the more negative feelings it evokes in people.

Conclusions
Time structure does not have a significant influence on people’s judgments about noise annoyance. However, people tend to have a preference for a steady noise rather than an intermittent one.
Characteristics of Adults with Migraine in Alberta, Canada: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Richer Lawrence , Wong Kai On , Martins Karen J.B. , Rajapakse Thilinie , Amoozegar Farnaz , Becker Werner J. , Klarenbach Scott W. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:Background:Migraine, including episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), is a common neurological disorder that imparts a substantial health burden.Objective:Understand the characteristics and treatment of EM and CM from a population-based perspective.Methods:This retrospective population-based cross-sectional study utilized administrative data from Alberta. Among those with a migraine diagnostic code, CM and EM were identified by an algorithm and through exclusion, respectively; characteristics and migraine medication use were examined with descriptive statistics.Results:From 79,076 adults with a migraine diagnostic code, 12,700 met the criteria for CM and 54,686 were considered to have EM. The majority of migraineurs were female, the most common comorbidity was depression, and individuals with CM had more comorbidities than EM. A larger proportion of individuals with CM versus EM were dispensed acute (80.6%: CM; 63.4%: EM) and preventative (58.0%: CM; 28.9%: EM) migraine medications over 1 year. Among those with a dispensation, individuals with CM had more acute (13.6 ± 32.2 vs. 4.6 ± 10.9 [mean ± standard deviation], 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.7-8.3), and preventative (12.6 ± 43.5 vs. 5.0 ± 12.6, 95% CI 6.9-8.4) migraine medication dispensations than EM, over 1-year. Opioids were commonly used in both groups (proportion of individuals dispensed an opioid over 1-year: 53.1%: CM; 25.7%: EM).Conclusions:Individuals with EM and CM displayed characteristics and medication use patterns consistent with other reports. Application of this algorithm for CM may be a useful and efficient means of identifying subgroups of migraine using routinely collected health data in Canada.
Factors Associated with Hurricane Evacuation: A Statistical Meta-Analysis of Studies, 1999-2018
Authors: Karaye Ibraheem M , Taylor Nicholas , Perez-Patron Maria , Thompson Courtney , Horney Jennifer A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:Hurricane evacuation is one of the strategies employed by emergency management and other agencies to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with hurricanes. However, factors associated with residents’ evacuation decision-making have been inconsistent. In this study, we conducted a statistical meta-analysis to identify factors associated with hurricane evacuation as well as moderators of the evacuation decision.Methods:A systematic literature search identified 36 studies published between 1999 and 2018. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effects models, and heterogeneity across studies was checked using both Q and I2 statistics. Meta-regression methods were used to identify moderators. Publication bias was assessed using both visual (funnel plots) and statistical methods.Results:Mobile home residence, perception of risk, female sex, and Hispanic ethnicity were statistically associated with hurricane evacuation, while geographic region modified the relationship between Hispanic race and evacuation.Conclusions:Agencies responsible for preparedness may utilize these findings to identify specific population sub-groups for hurricane evacuation communication and other interventions. Future studies should consider statistical interactions and explore opportunities for research translation to emergency officials.
Hospital-acquired infections among adult patients admitted for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Smith Leigh , Karaba Sara M. , Amoah Joe , Jones George , Avery Robin K. , Dzintars Kathryn , Helsel Taylor , Cosgrove Sara E. , Fabre Valeria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn a multicenter cohort of 963 adults hospitalized due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 5% had a proven hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and 21% had a proven, probable, or possible HAI. Risk factors for proven or probable HAIs included intensive care unit admission, dexamethasone use, severe COVID-19, heart failure, and antibiotic exposure upon admission.
ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS SENTIMENTS IN INDONESIAN POLITICS: EVIDENCE FROM THE 2017 JAKARTA GUBERNATORIAL ELECTION
Authors: Sumaktoyo Nathanael Gratias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudies have documented how ethnic and religious sentiments shape the voting behavior of Indonesian Muslims. However, to date no studies have carefully measured the relative influence of these sentiments. I fill this gap in the literature by taking advantage of the candidacy of a Christian, ethnic Chinese candidate in the 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election in Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok). Employing an original survey of Jakartan Muslims, I show through experimental and correlational analyses that Muslim voters are more opposed to Ahok than non-Muslim voters are and that this opposition is driven more by Ahok's ethnicity, as opposed to his religion. I also show that Muslim voters’ feelings toward ethnic Chinese shape their support for Ahok more than their feelings toward Christians. I discuss how these findings inform our understanding of the limits and extent of religious influence on Muslim voting behavior.
New inscriptions from rural Cyrenaica
Authors: Alshareef Hamid , Chevrollier François , Dobias-Lalou Catherine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper publishes four inscriptions recently discovered by chance in the Cyrenaican countryside. Nos 1, 2 and 3 are in Greek. No. 1, from a tomb near Mgarnes, is a funerary stele inscribed in verse for a woman whose family was of some importance in the city of Cyrene. No. 2, from the same tomb, is an anthropomorphic stele for another woman, which is discussed on the basis of the dead person's name and the vicinity of the stone to the preceding stele. No. 3, from the middle plateau below Cyrene, is a marble panel with the epitaph of two women namedCornelia, increasing our knowledge of theCorneliifamily in Cyrenaica. No. 4, from near Khawlan in the south-east, is a boundary stele in Latin mentioning the boundaries of the province; combining this with the evidence from another such stone from el-Khweimat, close to Gerdes el-Gerrari towards the south-east, also mentioning the provincial boundaries, we are now able to outline the Romanlimesin the central part of Djebel Akhdar.
Eemian and early Weichselian environmental changes at the Jałówka site, NE Poland, and their correlation with marine and ice records
Authors: Kupryjanowicz Mirosława , Fiłoc Magdalena , Woronko Barbara , Karasiewicz Tomasz Mirosław , Rychel Joanna , Adamczyk Aleksander , Jarosz Joanna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVegetation changes were documented across the last interglacial period (MIS 5e, Eemian) and continuing through the older part of the last glacial period (MIS 5d–a, early Weichselian). This study was based on pollen data collected at the Jałówka site, NE Poland. Two cold oscillations appeared within warm periods during this stage of the upper Pleistocene. The older oscillation was the temporary intra–interglacial cooling at the end of the Eemian. The younger one was the intra–interstadial cooling that occurred within the oldest interstadial of the early Weichselian (MIS 5c, Brørup). This last event corresponds well to the stadial separating both the Amersfoort and Brørup sensu stricto interstadials in the Netherlands and to the Montaigu event as recognized in France. The development of a pollen sequence allows speculation as to potential correlations with Greenland ice cores and marine records. We suggest that the Eemian in NE Poland may comprise not only MIS 5e, but also a part of MIS 5d. This supposition could shed light on potential for non-synchrony in upper boundaries of the MIS 5e and terrestrial Eemian in Europe. We await the development of more precise independent dating controls to validate our theory more assiduously.
Ottoman Language Learning in Early Modern Germany
Authors: Hanß Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article presents new evidence on the authorship and readership of the earliest printed Ottoman language materials that details the extent to which sixteenth- and seventeenth-century inhabitants of the Holy Roman Empire actively engaged in learning Ottoman. Such findings open up a new field of inquiry evaluating the Ottoman impact on the German-speaking lands reaching beyond the so-called “Turkish menace.” Presenting the variety of Ottoman language students, teachers, and materials in central Europe, as well as their connections with the oral world(s) of linguistic fieldwork in the Habsburg-Ottoman contact zone, this article argues that Ottoman language learning is an important but thus far neglected element in understanding the cultural and intellectual landscape of early modern central Europe. What may appear to be experiments with linguistic riddles on first glimpse was in fact grounded in deep enthusiasm and fascination for Ottoman language learning shared among a community of Protestant semi-scholarly aficionados.
Diffuse subjects and dispersed power: New materialist insights and cautionary lessons for international law
Authors: Hohmann Jessie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article sets out the major tenets of new materialism and maps out its implications for international law. It considers what new materialism might offer for those of us working within international law in the way of new insights, resources, practices or politics. It first sets the contours of new materialism within the broader material turn. It then elaborates three main tenets of new materialism’s methodology, theory, and ontology: its attention to matter in its physicality; the embedded and entangled subject; and the vitality or agency of objects. The article focuses on how new materialist work might help us to understand, first, subjectivity and second, power and accountability in international law. It concludes that new materialist approaches offer important and compelling insights, working against entrenched categories and structures that continue to perpetuate or excuse violence and harm in international law’s doctrines and practices. These insights provide resources for rethinking power and subjectivity, and the role these play in international law. However, those of us working to consider how we can respond to pressing crises of justice and coexistence within international law may find new materialism most powerful when brought into relation, and deep conversation, with more structural methodologies. Notably ‘older’ (Marxist or historical) materialisms grasp embedded power relations and deep-rooted systemic harms in more concrete ways. This is, the article concludes, a conversation that international law scholars are well placed to contribute to, deepening both ‘old’ and ‘new’ materialist insights for international law.
Racial and ethnic differences in response to treatment for Marfan syndrome
Authors: Ayers Rachel , Kelleman Michael , Iannucci Glen , McCracken Courtney , Oster Matthew E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To determine whether racial/ethnic differences exist for the treatment of Marfan syndrome aortopathy. The 2014 Pediatric Heart Network randomised trial of losartan versus atenolol in Marfan syndrome paediatric and young adult patients showed no treatment differences in the rate of aortic root growth over 3 years; however, they did not examine racial/ethnic differences, and recent data suggest that angiotensin receptor blockers may have different pharmacologic effects in different racial/ethnic populations.Methods:We performed a secondary analysis of public-use data from the Pediatric Heart Network randomised trial comparing the differences by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic patients) amongst the treatment groups for the primary outcome of rate of aortic root enlargement by z score and secondary outcome of rate of change of absolute diameter of aortic root, z score and absolute diameter of ascending aorta, and blood pressure changes.Results:For aortic root enlargement by z score amongst non-Hispanic White patients, patients on losartan exhibited an annual z score change of –0.090 ± 0.016, compared to –0.146 ± 0.015 for those on atenolol (p = 0.01), favouring atenolol. For Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black patients, there was no difference in primary or secondary outcomes between treatment groups.Conclusion:Non-Hispanic White patients had a small, but statistically significantly greater decrease in aortic root z score favouring atenolol over losartan. There were no significant differences amongst Hispanic or non-Hispanic Black patients, which may be due to relatively small size numbers. These findings may have important implications for medication selection by race/ethnicity in Marfan syndrome patients, which has not previously been evaluated in studies.
Mass-Casualty Training Exercise Using High-Fidelity Computerized Simulators and Involving Time and Resource Limitation
Authors: Jacobson Phillip A. , Severin Paul N. , Rumoro Dino P. , Shah Shital 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose:Training emergency department (ED) personnel in the care of victims of mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) is a highly challenging task requiring unique and innovative approaches. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively explore the value of high-fidelity simulators in an exercise that incorporates time and resource limitation as an optimal method of training health care personnel in mass-casualty care.Methods:Mass-casualty injury patterns from an explosive blast event were simulated for 12 victims using high-fidelity computerized simulators (HFCS). Programmed outcomes, based on the nature of injuries and conduct of participants, ranged from successful resuscitation and survival to death. The training exercise was conducted five times with different teams of health care personnel (n = 42). The exercise involved limited time and resources such as blood, ventilators, and imaging capability. Medical team performance was observed and recorded. Following the exercise, participants completed a survey regarding their training satisfaction, quality of the exercise, and their prior experiences with MCI simulations. The Likert scale responses from the survey were evaluated using mean with 95% confidence interval, as well as median and inter-quartile range. For the categorical responses, the frequency, proportions, and associated 95% confidence interval were calculated.Results:The mean rating on the quality of experiences related trainee survey questions (n = 42) was between 4.1 and 4.6 on a scale of 5.0. The mean ratings on a scale of 10.0 for quality, usefulness, and pertinence of the program were 9.2, 9.5, and 9.5, respectfully. One hundred percent of respondents believed that this type of exercise should be required for MCI training and would recommend this exercise to colleagues. The five medical team (n = 5) performances resulted in the number of deaths ranging from two (including the expectant victims) to six. Eighty percent of medical teams attempted to resuscitate the “expectant” infant and exhausted the O- blood supply. Sixty percent of medical teams depleted the supply of ventilators. Forty percent of medical teams treated “delayed” victims too early.Conclusion:A training exercise using HFCS for mass casualties and employing limited time and resources is described. This exercise is a preferred method of training among participating health care personnel.
Insights into codeswitching from online communication: Effects of language preference and conditions arising from vocabulary richness
Authors: Feldman Laurie Beth , Srinivasan Vidhushini , Fernandes Rachel B. , Shaikh Samira 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwitter data from a crisis that impacted many English–Spanish bilinguals show that the direction of codeswitches is associated with the statistically documented tendency of single speakers to prefer one language over another in their tweets, as gleaned from their tweeting history. Further, lexical diversity, a measure of vocabulary richness derived from information-theoretic measures of uncertainty in communication, is greater in proximity to a codeswitch than in productions remote from a switch. The prospects of a role for lexical diversity in characterizing the conditions for a language switch suggest that communicative precision may induce conditions that attenuate constraints against language mixing.