bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric Comparison of Retrofitting Methods in Masonry using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Srinithya A , Kotagi Ningappa Mallakajappa , Vinay Kumar G M , Ashwin Thammaiah K 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeismic strengthening of buildings is necessary to control the extent of damage in case of earthquakes. The concept of an equivalent diagonal strut, provision of bands and intrusion wall are studied as structural efforts to improve the seismic stability of buildings. Static analysis and free vibration analysis are performed on various configurations. ANSYS software is used for modelling and analysis, where the models are subjected to equivalent lateral loadings. The analysis is performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Stress contours, lateral deformations by static analysis, natural frequency by free vibration analysis and their corresponding mode shapes for each of the models are studied. The obtained results are compared with the unreinforced masonry model. Results of the analysis showed that there is the highest increase in stiffness value to 43.38 % and a decrease in the deformation to 30.25% in the model with intrusion walls when compared to the basic unreinforced model. It is found that parameters like lateral deformations and stiffness showed positive improvements by the provisions of the configurations when compared to the unreinforced structures. This paper can be further extended to implement the dynamic analysis.
Parametric study on Sheet Pile Walls in Layered Soils
Authors: Jalawadi Somanagouda S , Shivashankar R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sheet pile wall is a retaining structure. It is used to retain the deep vertical cuts made in the earth, waterfront structures, cofferdams, and bridge abutments. The geotechnical engineering advantage of sheet pile wall is that it does not consume large base width like a retaining wall. When land acquisition problem arises, sheet pile walls are preferred. Sheet pile walls are subjected to rotational failure and flexural failure in layered soil. The rotational failure can be avoided by providing adequate depth of penetration. The in-front foundation soil generates passive force against the active or driving force from backfill soil. The flexural failure is avoided by providing one or more anchors at a particular location on the sheet pile, which in return reduces the maximum bending moments, the maximum shear force developed on the sheet pile and the depth of penetration. This makes the design of anchored sheet pile walls more effective in layered soil. This paper considers soft clay and loose sand as backfill, and stiff clay and dense sand as foundation soil. The outcomes of this research are cantilever sheet pile requires more depth of penetration to avoid rotational failure. For a height of ditch 6m, single anchor is sufficient but for a height of ditch 10m, double anchor required to reduce the depth of penetration, maximum bending moment, shear force, and horizontal deflection.
A Comparative Experimental Investigation on Laced Reinforced Concrete Beam and Conventional Beam under Monotonic Loading
Authors: Sudharsan N , Grant C J Blessy , Murthi P , Poongodi K , Mahesh Kumar P 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLaced Reinforced Concrete (LRC) structural elements are generally used in the defence environments where the structure encounters blast/impulsive loading. It comprises of equal number of reinforcements in both the faces of the beam with lacings as shear reinforcements bent at 450along the plane of principal bending and fastened in position by cross rod. This paper presents the performance of LRC beam by experimental investigation and compared with conventional Reinforced Concrete (RC) beam using four point flexural load testing. Experimental results indicate that the LRC beam perform well than the RC beam considering the deformation. Failure modes could not be ascertained, since the experiments were stopped due to limitations in test set-up. At this stage, the support rotation achieved by LRC beam and RC beam is found to be 4.70 and 2.430 respectively. The LRC beam is found to be more ductile than RC beam. The structural response of LRC beam and RC beam is compared and presented.
Scientific Approach of Geopolymer Concrete Composites using Marginal Materials
Authors: Mahdi Shaik Numan , Babu R Dushyanth V , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete is a sustainable composite where concrete is supplanted totally by pozzolanic cementitious materials like coal fuel ash, granulated blast furnace slag, rice husk ash, metakioline etc. with binding alkaline solutions in the matrix. Since the geopolymer doesn’t have specific code determination, a study has been made to create mix design to achieve the required workability and fresh density as per the considerable limits. Mix design procedure is proposed for flyash rice husk ash composition considering the quantity and fineness of binder, grading of aggregates. Water glass solution with Na2O = 18.79 %, SiO2 = 34.21 % and H2O = 47 % and solution of sodium hydroxide having 10M and 12M concentration were maintained constant throughout the Design. Fluid to binder ratio of 0.56, sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide ratio of 2.5 by mass was fixed on the basis of flowability. Measurement of Workability of geopolymer concrete was done using slump cone apparatus as per IS 1199. The cubes of 100 mm size were casted and cured under sundried condition maintaining a temperature about 40°C. From the observation it is concluded that the brick industrial rice husk ash can be utilized upto 10% in class f flyash to satisfy the Mix design criteria.
A Review of Geopolymer Composite Thermal Properties
Authors: Ali Mir Firasath , Vijayalakshmi Natrajan M M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis review paper aims to present fundamental aspects of geopolymer developments and science to emphasize their suitability for high-temperature exposure. Beginning with a comparison of the thermal properties of OPC and geopolymer, the analysis then investigates the character and occurrence of aggregates and supplementary phases. Characteristics essential for evaluating geopolymer thermal properties are thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, strength retention, explosive spalling along with microstructural characteristics such as phase stability, weight changes (dehydration/rehydration), morphology changes, and thermochemical properties were analyzed much in detail.
Effect of Water Content on Shear Strength of Black Cotton Soil
Authors: More Sachin K , Kumbhar Shridhar S , Asha P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The bearing capacity of the soil is an important factor in the process of designing foundations on soil and it depends upon shear strength parameters C and Phi. The large part of the Maharashtra state is having black cotton soil which is vulnerable because of the fluctuation in water content in it. Due to the expansion and contraction property of black cotton soil, the shear strength varies with variation of water content. This research, it is focused to find the effect of moisture content on the shear strength of black cotton soil. The undisturbed samples of black cotton soil are explored from the site from desirable depth using the drilling machine. On explored samples, various field and laboratory tests are performed to find the strength parameters of the soil at different water content. This study gives different values of shear strength in black cotton soil with variation in moisture content. From the work, it has been seen that there is increase in the shear strength in the initial stage as water content an increased, later increase in the water content causes a decrease in the shear strength of black cotton soil. It indicates that, optimum water content should be maintained in the foundation soil to avoid excess settlement of foundations in soil.
Dimensional structural mass optimization of forged steel connecting rod for aircraft piston engine
Authors: Helal M , Felemban B F , Alharthi A , Almalki S , Fathallah E , Elsherbiny A A , Eleashy H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The connecting rod is an important component of the engine. It conveys the kinetic energy from the piston to the crankshaft. All cars and aircraft engines contain at least one connecting rod, which differs from one motor to another in terms of length, size and shape. Hence, it is subjected to massive alternating load. This research aims to improve the connecting rod design by reducing its mass without sacrificing durability and safety especially for aircraft applications. Therefore, a static stress analysis is carried out on forged steel connecting rod using ANSYS APDL. Geometric modelling of the connecting rod was created using ANSYS APDL. Additionally, von-Mises stress and strain, principal stresses and strains, shear stress and the deflation results of the connecting rod are investigated. The results showed a great opportunity for mass weight reduction. Thus, a dimensional structural mass optimization was performed. The optimization results were promising, which reduced the mass by 55.13% (in the tensile case) and 56.7% (in the compression case) from the initial design. Therefore, the efficiency of aircraft engine can be maximized.
Vibration analysis of composite wing with geometric and material coupling
Authors: Magdy A , Kamel M , Elshafei M A , Kassem M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Composite wing design is complicated but inevitable to enlighten modern airplanes while maintaining the required performance. Using the dynamic transfer method, this paper discusses intensively the dynamic characteristics of a cantilever composite wing with both torsion and bending coupling to represent both material and geometric coupling. The governing differential equations are obtained based upon the principle of Hamilton and are solved analytically using a harmonic oscillation assumption. For this purpose, a MATLAB code is developed and results are validated in comparison with published work. Such a comparison shows a good agreement between both results. Finally, a parametric study is carried out to show the influence of the variation of both geometric coupling and torsion bending coupling rigidity on the free vibration analysis of the composite wing. The study shows the crucial effect of both factors on the dynamic behavior of the composite wing. The current research can be considered as a base for aeroelasticians while designing composite structures.
Stress analysis of multi-layered composite cylinders subjected to various loadings
Authors: Elgohary M H , El-Geuchy M I , Abdallah H M , Sayed S S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Composite cylinders are widely used in many applications, common examples for these applications are power drive shafts, chemical storage tanks, rocket motor cases and pressure vessels used in aerospace vehicles. The structure of the composite cylinder can be represented as a cylinder composed of coaxial orthotropic layers. In this paper, an analytical method is used to calculate stresses, strains and displacements through the wall thickness of multi-layered composite cylinder made of orthotropic material. The method is based on the theory of elasticity of bodies having cylindrical anisotropy. This method permits accurate stress analysis of thin and thick-walled composite cylinders subjected to axial load, torsional load and bending moment. The analytical method is modified to incorporate internal and external pressure loads beside the prescribed load cases. A numerical example is presented for a composite cylinder subjected to internal pressure load with a tensile axial load. The resulted stresses and strains are used to validate 3-dimensional finite element model. A parametric study has been performed using the analytical method to investigate the influencing parameters on stress distribution within the cylinder thickness and the results are found to be beneficial to look into during the preliminary design phase.
A satellite-based quantum key distribution using decoy-state protocol
Authors: Sofy A M , Shalaby M Y , Dahshan H M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An ideal QKD implementation that provides the promising unconditional security using single photon laser source is not practically easy, also sending these photons over a fiber channel affects the maximum distance of link up to few hundreds of kilometers because of the receiver’s detectors losses. Therefore, the achievement of a global quantum network is not easy, and the need to use LEO satellites [1,2] for establishing quantum links makes the job easier as quantum free space link provides much less losses to the link than fiber links. Nowadays, a quantum communication link can be established by satellites through free space. in this paper, we propose an implementation [3] of a satellite-based quantum key distribution using decoy-state protocol [4], we then compare this protocol with the BB-84 protocol [3] against security and the key length of the generated shared key.
SAR image formation enhancement using effective velocity estimation method
Authors: Fouad M A , Azouz A , Mashaly A A , Abdalla A E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) presents powerful tools for grounding mapping and remote sensing applications. Effective velocity is a vital index that controls the quality of SAR image formation. An accurate calculation of effective velocity provides a particular value of azimuth frequency modulated (FM) rate. The resultant azimuth FM rate could be used to produce a focused SAR image with sharp details. In this paper, SAR image formation enhancement is proposed using two guided methods based on precise effective velocity estimation. Firstly, effective velocity is estimated based on Sentinel-1data parameters extracted from selected image raw data. Secondly, an iteration method applies output image contrast, sharpness and entropy measurements to estimate the optimum value of the effective velocity based on the initial velocities calculated in the first method. Results are compared with extracted SAR images ignoring the effect of the effective velocity, to identify the performance of the proposed methods.
Frequency analysis of SAR system design for small satellite
Authors: Douidar I , Safy M , Saleh A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Great interest is given in recent years to the small satellites as their main advantages are the low development cost and the reduced deployment time, which give attention to develop payloads that can be mounted on the platform of these satellite. the platform of small satellites imposes constraints on the sensor design to fit in the size, mass and power limitations, which leads to necessary trade-offs between the design parameters of the sensor. The selection of the operating frequency is dependent mainly on the mission requirements as each frequency band gives different information about the scene and has different penetration capabilities. However, the SAR sensors used on small satellites come with limitations, so other parameters should be considered during the design. After going through the SAR design process, a frequency analysis is presented at L, C and X bands, which is used to evaluate the effect on the size of the antenna (length and width) and the average power consumption that suit the constraints of small satellite.
Updating land use and land cover classes of Blue Nile basin using landsat-8 images
Authors: Shobary A S , Elsharkawy A , El-Hanafy H E M , Moussa O M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Land Use and Land Cover are considered as a main input layer for the estimation of surface runoff along with the soil maps, rainfall data, DEM. The main purpose of this research paper is to update the Land Cover and Land Use of the Blue Nile basin that can be used for further processing to estimate the surface runoff of the Blue Nile basin. Recent satellite images of Landsat 8, dated May and June, 2020, were used with less than 10% clouds covering the full scene of the study area. Six land cover classes were targeted namely; water, urban, barren land, forest, grass and agricultural crops. Supervised (maximum likelihood) classification method was used and accuracy assessment with the help of google earth as ground truth was performed. With the aid of 30-m DEM, the Blue Nile basin was divided into fourteen sub-watersheds. Classification scheme was applied to each of the fourteen sub-watersheds and the classification results were introduced as a percentage of the total area of each sub-watershed. Moreover, confusion matrices were formed for the sub-watersheds.
Hybrid fusion using Gram Schmidt and Curvelet transforms for satellite images
Authors: Hammad M , Ghoniemy T , Mahmoud T , Amein A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Optical satellites generally provide high-resolution panchromatic but low-resolution multispectral images which provide structural details of features and spectral information respectively. Nowadays, fusion of the two types of resolutions, to have complementary information, becomes increasingly essential for many applications such as microscopic, astronomical and satellite imagery. In this paper, a novel hybrid pixel-level image fusion method is proposed for benefiting from both panchromatic (PAN) and multispectral (MUL) images. The proposed method integrates Gram Schmidt (GS) and curvelet transforms (CVT), by the aid of local energy and maximum fusion rules, for reducing individual method limitations and achieving both better spectral consistency and spatial details preservation. After a pre-processing stage, orthonormal bases are obtained for low spatial resolution images by using GS transform. Then, high-resolution and low-resolution images are fused using CVT by the aid of histogram matching. Finally, the fused image is obtained by applying both curvelet and GS inverse transforms. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using publicly available Pleiades benchmark-datasets. Consequently, the spectral and spatial qualities of the fused images are assessed subjectively as well as objectively using different quality metrics. Moreover, the proposed method is compared with state-of-the-art fusion techniques and results show the robustness of the proposed method that has the best result in spatial and spectral evaluation metrics such as, Quality with No Reference (QNR), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Standard Deviation (SD), Entropy (ENT) and Spectral Correlation Coefficient (SCC) metrics.
Output power boosting of a photovoltaic panel based on various back pipe structures: a computational study
Authors: Bayoumi A , Abdo G M , Emara A A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The efficiency of photovoltaic panels (PV) drops due to the rise in temperature, which leads to a decrease in the PV output power. A PV/Thermal system is therefore used as a solution to increase the output power from the PV panels. Comsol Multiphysics software program, a simulator-based Finite Element Method (FEM) tool, and Matlab program simulations are used to perform this electro-thermal model. The simulation process for different back pipes follows a serpentine, and a new shape of pipes called (square shapes) which are attached under the PV module. These shapes were specifically chosen for higher conversion efficiency and increase the heat transfer of the system. Additionally, a comparison between electrical parameters and heat transfer characteristics of water and CuO/water nanofluid in a PV cooling system has been studied. The new shape leads to improve the photovoltaic (PV) module parameters, such as short circuit current ISC, open-circuit voltage VOC, and maximum power Pmax for a new shape more than the serpentine shape. These parameters are calculated under Air Mass 1.5 G (AM1.5G) with 1000 W/m2 of irradiance which is considered the average irradiance at the MENA (The Middle East and North Africa) region throughout the year. The results exhibit the PV module’s total enhancement by using the new shape with CuO nano-fluid about 24.7 %.
Numerical investigation of four photovoltaic/thermal integrated structures from energetic point of view
Authors: El-Hamid M Abd , Moustafa S , Wei G 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) module is considered to be one of the most recent technologies which offers harness and production of both electric and thermal energy. In the current study an energetic analysis is carried out to compare between four different configurations which are: the single pass single glazed (PV/T-I), the single pass double glazed with air gap (PV/T-II), the single pass double glazed with argon gap (PV/T-III) and the double pass double glazed (PV/T-IV) hybrid photovoltaic/Thermal air collector systems. A 3 dimensional numerical model is built up and validated with both the numerical and experimental results coming from the literature. The numerical simulations have been accomplished to investigate the energetic performance with a detailed thermal and electrical study taking in account an inlet coolant temperature the same as the ambient temperature for a coolant (air) mass flow rate equals to 0.025 kg/s of a typical day in August from 9:00 to 17:00 under the ambient conditions of Beijing, China. The results show that the single pass single glazed configuration has the highest electrical efficiency, whereas the double pass configuration has the greatest thermal and energy efficiencies among the proposed configurations. The average daily energy efficiencies are 53.14%, 75.92%, 77.63% and 82.19% for the (PV/T-I), (PV/T-II), (PV/T-III) and (PV/T-IV) configurations, respectively.
Comparison of dust and high-temperature effects on mono and poly photovoltaic panels
Authors: Elshazly E , El-Rehim A Abd , El-Mahallawi I 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Solar Photovoltaic Panels are considered as one of the most powerful alternative renewable and sustainable energy sources. However, a major challenge is the effect of dust accumulation on the photovoltaic panels in natural outdoor environment as it reduces the transmissivity of the light on the surface of the solar panels. For many small communities, the decision of implementing mono or polycrystalline PVs should consider economic aspects. This study is a case study that is held at The British University in Egypt at El Sherouk city to study the effect of different parameters such as dust accumulation, water cooling and coating on the performance of both mono- and poly-crystalline panels at El-Sherouk City. The effects of high temperature and dust accumulation on different solar panels placed in natural outdoor conditions at El-Sherouk City are studied and the electrical performance of the solar panels is represented by measuring several characteristic parameters of dusty and cooled PV panels compared to cleaned and non-cooled panels. The effect of the tilt angle on the accumulation of dust on the surface of the solar panels is, also, studied. The mono-crystalline solar panels are installed at tilt angles 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° for one month without cleaning, by any method. The results shows that the power reduction percentage is 17%,20%,25%,27% and 30% for tilt angles 60°,45°,30°,15° and 0°; respectively. Tilt angles 15° and 30° show to be optimal for the installation of the PV solar system, as they produce the highest amount of output power. It is found from the study that the accumulation of dust on the surface of different types of solar panels can reduce the efficiency by 30%. While the high temperature can reduce the efficiency by up to 10 %.