bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progression of a Muscular Dystrophy Due to a Genetic Defect in Membrane Synthesis is Driven by Large Changes in Neutral Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Tavasoli Mahtab , Lahire Sarah , Sokolenko Stanislav ,   J. Pedro Fernández-Murray1, Uaesoontrachoon Kitipong , Lefsay Abir , Rowsell Joyce , Srinivass Sadish , Praest Molly , MacKinnon Alexandra , Mammoliti Melissa , Maloney Ashley , Moraca Marina , Nagaraju Kanneboyina , Hoffman Eric , McMaster Christopher 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

CHKB encodes one of two mammalian choline kinase enzymes that catalyze the first step in the synthesis of the major membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC). In humans, inactivation of the CHKB gene causes a recessive form of a rostral-to-caudal congenital muscular dystrophy. Using Chkb knockout mice, we reveal that at no stage of the disease is PC level significantly altered. Instead, at early stages of the disease the level of mitochondrial specific lipids acylcarnitine (AcCa) and cardiolipin (CL) increase 15-fold and 10-fold, respectively. Importantly, these changes are only observed in affected muscle and contribute to the decrease in the skeletal muscle functional output in these mice. As the disease progresses, AcCa and CL levels normalize and there is a 12-fold increase in the neutral storage lipid triacylgycerol and a 3-fold increase in its upstream lipid diacylglycerol. Our findings indicate that the major changes in lipid metabolism upon loss of function of Chkb is not a change in PC level, but instead is an initial inability to utilize fatty acids for energy resulting in shunting of fatty acids into triacyglycerol.
Translation of a circulating microRNA signature of melanoma into a solid tissue assay with the potential to improve diagnostic precision and reproducibility
Authors: Laar Ryan Van , King Samuel , McCoy Richard , Saad Mirette , Fereday Sian , Winship Ingrid , Uzzell Catherine , Landgren Anthony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Successful treatment of cutaneous melanoma depends on early and accurate diagnosis of clinically suspicious melanocytic skin lesions. Multiple international studies have described the challenge of providing accurate and reproducible histopathological assessments of melanocytic lesions, highlighting the need for new diagnostic tools including disease-specific biomarkers. Previously, a 38-microRNA signature (“Mel38”) was identified in melanoma patient plasma and validated as a novel biomarker. In this study, Mel38 expression in solid tissue biopsies representing the benign naevi to metastatic melanoma spectrum is examined. Methods: Nanostring digital gene expression assessment of the Mel38 signature was performed on 308 formalin fixed paraffin embedded biopsies of naevi, melanoma in-situ and invasive melanoma. Genomic data were interrogated using hierarchical clustering, univariate, and multivariate statistical approaches. Classification scores computed from the Mel38 signature were analysed for their association with demographic data and histopathology results, including MPATH-DX class, AJCC disease stage and tissue subtype. Results: The Mel38 score can stratify higher-risk melanomas (MPATH-Dx Class V or more advanced) from lower-risk skin lesions (Class I-IV) with an area-under-the curve of 0.97 (P<0.001). The genomic score ranges from 0 to 10 and is positively correlated with melanoma progression, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.85 with stage 0 to IV disease. Using an optimised classification threshold of ≥2.7 accurately identifies higher-risk melanomas, associated with poorer outcomes and more intensive suggested clinical actions with 89% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Multivariate analysis showed the score to be a significant predictor of malignancy, independent of technical and clinical covariates. Application of the Mel38 signature to spitz naevi reveal an intra-subtype profile, with elements of the profile in common to both naevi and melanoma. Conclusion: Melanoma-specific circulating microRNAs maintain their association with malignancy when measured in the hypothesized tissue of origin. The Mel38 signature is an accurate and reproducible metric of melanoma status, based on changes in microRNA expression that occur as the disease develops and spreads. Inclusion of the Mel38 score into routine practice would provide physicians with previously unavailable, personalised genomic information about their patient’s skin lesions. Combining molecular biomarker data with conventional histopathology data may improve diagnostic accuracy, healthcare resource utilisation, and patient outcomes.
Schulddogmatik in der bundesgerichtlichen Rechtsprechung
Authors: Urwyler Thierry , Ranzoni Luca 
Published: May 2021

Mit seinem Urteil 6B_1363/2019 hat sich das Bundesgericht zu einer Fülle von dogmatischen Streitfragen im Schuldkontext geäussert. Es bekannte sich grundsätzlich zu einem sozialen Schuldbegriff. Die Autoren legen dar, dass ein funktionaler Schuldbegriff in seinem theoretischen Fundament überzeugender ist. Auf Basis dieser Erkenntnis wird aufgezeigt, dass sich die Auffassung des Bundesgerichts, bei schweren Straftaten hohe Anforderungen an eine vollständige Aufhebung der Schuldfähigkeit zu stellen, in ihrer Generalisierung selbst bei einem funktionalen Schuldverständnis nicht halten lässt. Schliesslich wird auch der bundesgerichtlichen Auffassung widersprochen, wonach sich die forensisch-psychiatrisch sachverständige Person zur Frage der Schuldfähigkeit äussern dürfe.
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Dans son arrêt 6B_1363/2019, le Tribunal fédéral s'est prononcé sur plusieurs controverses dogmatiques relatives à la notion de culpabilité. Sur le principe, la Cour s’est déclarée en faveur d'un concept social de culpabilité. Cependant, les auteurs soutiennent que le concept fonctionnel de culpabilité (funktionaler Schuldbegriff) est davantage convaincant dans son fondement théorique. Sur cette base, il est démontré en quoi l'opinion du Tribunal fédéral ­– selon laquelle, en cas d'infractions graves, des exigences élevées à la suppression totale de la culpabilité doivent être posées – ne peut être généralement maintenue même avec une compréhension fonctionnelle de la culpabilité. Enfin, l’avis du Tribunal fédéral selon lequel l'expert en psychiatrie légale est habilité à se prononcer sur la question de la culpabilité sera également contesté.
A Genre Analysis of Bachelor of Arts in English’ Undergraduate Theses
Authors: Arnaiz Runalyn O. , Colagbang Lorlie , Inoc Maria Regla , Torregosa Ailene , Maxilom-Mangompit Rowanne Marie Ramos 
Published: May 2021

Research Article (RA) is one of the most important genres that received considerable attention in genre analysis. This study sought to investigate the rhetorical structures of RA abstracts written by AB-English students of Cebu Technological University. This investigation used Hyland’s (2000) framework which includes: Introduction, Purpose, Methodology, Product, and Conclusion. This paper utilizes qualitative approach where a total of fifteen abstracts were selected from Cebu Technological University. The corpus of abstracts written by AB- English students were randomly selected from the CTU graduate library. The researchers found out there were no instances of Introduction move found in the abstracts. The purpose move constituted the fourteen (14) abstracts in the undergraduate theses written by AB- English. Fourteen (14) studies included the method move in their research abstracts. Fourteen out of fifteen studies included the product move and thirteen (13) instances of conclusion move were found in the abstracts. The researchers concluded that the abstracts followed the commonly-applied three moves such as purpose, methodology and product. The results demonstrated that the research topics on phonology, morphology, and purposive communication were already widely-explored by the student researchers. There was a dearth of research topics related to multimodal communication, child and adolescent learners and learning principles. Therefore, this study provides implications to writing research abstracts and topics that need to be explored in the undergraduate theses writing.
Strategic value of interviewer training and local community-based organisations for WaSH and antibiotic resistance surveys
Authors: Iyer Gopal , Giesen Myra J. , Juneja Rohit , Graham David W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) research has long relied on household surveys to gather knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) data with local enumerators or community correspondents (CCs). However, CCs must be trained to build capacity and ensure representative survey responses. Here, we use a case study in low-income, informal communities from New Delhi, India to assess the value of structured training for individuals who lead the gathering of KAP data (CC leaders, CCLs) on WaSH and antibiotic resistance. Feedback from CCLs showed that directed training increased their motivation, confidence, and technical competence and provided them skills that enhanced data collection. Training further strengthened relationships and empowered our local community-based organisation (CBO), expanding their role beyond being an implementing partner. Empowerment led to new insights, such as evident problems with communications between local doctors and community dwellers. Only three of 38 focus group attendees knew what an antibiotic was, apparently because they were never told. Overall, this work shows that interviewer training has many trickle-down benefits, improving the quality of data, building confidence in field teams, and empowering local CBOs, but most importantly, by increasing knowledge among community dwellers, such that they also might be empowered.
DELITOS Y DELINCUENTES. CUBA EN LOS FINALES DEL SIGLO XIX E INICIOS DEL XX
Authors: Díaz Martínez Yolanda 
Published: May 2021

En el discurso o cial de las elites y la administracio?n colonial en Cuba, la poblacio?n negra frecuentemente era presentada como un sector propenso a cometer delitos; las estructuras creadas en la isla para garantizar el orden y control de sus habitantes si bien eran aplicables a todos los sectores sociales, haci?an especial e?nfasis y eran ma?s estrictas y severas con los pobladores negros. En el presente trabajo abordaremos algunas cuestiones relacionadas con la criminalidad despue?s de ser abolido el re?gimen esclavista y en los inicios del siglo XX. A trave?s de expedientes judiciales, causas criminales y diversos documentos, demostraremos el distanciamiento entre el discurso o cial propalador de una criminalidad negra y la realidad social en la que la delincuencia y las diversas formas que adoptada se encontraban extendidas entre diferentes sectores y grupos poblacionales.
Palabras clave: Delincuencia, justicia, esclavos, racismo.
Abstract
In the social discourse of the elites and the colonial administration in Cuba, the black population was often presented as a sector prone to commit crimes; the structures created on the island to ensure order and control its inhabitants if they were well applicable to all social sectors, emphasis and were made more stringent and severe with black people. In the present work, we will address some issues related to criminality after the abolition of the slave regime and in the early twentieth century. Through court records, criminal cases, and various documents, we demonstrate the distance between discourse or official peddler of black crime and the social reality in which crime and various forms adopted were spread across sectors and population groups.
Keywords: Delinquency, justice, slaves, racism
Resumo
No discurso o cial das elites e da administrac?a?o colonial em Cuba, a populac?a?o negra foi frequentemente apresenta- do como umas pessoas propensas a cometer crimes; as estruturas criadas na ilha para garantir a ordem e controlar seus habitantes se bem eram aplica?vel a todos os setores sociais, a aplicac?a?o era mais rigorosa e severa com os moradores pretos. Neste artigo iremos abordar algumas questo?es relacionadas com o crime depois de ser abolida o sistema escravista no comec?o do se?culo XX. Atrave?s de registros judiciais, processos criminais e va?rios documentos, vamos demonstrar a distancia entre discurso o cial do crime preto e a realidade social em que crime e as diversas formas foram adotadas estendido entre os diferentes setores e grupos populacionais.
Palavras-chave: Crime, justic?a, escravos, racismo.
Designing User-Centered Mobile Health Initiatives to Promote Healthy Behaviors for Children With Disabilities: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Shikako Keiko , Mogo Ebele R I , Grand-Maison Valerie , Simpson Robert , Pritchard-Wiart Lesley , Majnemer Annette ,   Jooay App Research Group
Published: May 2021

Background
The gap between research and its practical application in community settings limits its impact on public health. Closing this gap has the potential to improve the well-being of underserved groups, such as children with disabilities. Mobile health has the potential to improve access to community resources and support for underserved populations, thereby encouraging improved health behaviors.

Objective
In this feasibility pilot study, we describe the development of the mobile app Jooay. Jooay was developed in partnership with stakeholders to facilitate access to leisure and physical activity community programs for children and youth with disabilities. We also reflect on the lessons learned throughout the implementation process that are relevant for improving the health behaviors of children with disabilities.

Methods
We used a participatory action research approach to develop the app. We also administered a survey to current Jooay users and analyzed various app usage indicators to explore use patterns, user feedback, and preferences. Finally, we critically appraised the implementation process through a best practices for implementation research framework.

Results
We developed a product that responds to users’ identified need to find information and follows accessibility and user-centered design standards. The analysis of usage data revealed that access to the Jooay app is concentrated in urban areas. Perceptions, attitudes, and information needs varied according to the type of user. The use of the mobile app changed over time, and usage decreased after the app was downloaded, indicating a need for the sustained engagement of app users. Users found value in the ability to identify activities that they would not otherwise know about. However, app use alone was not sufficient to improve participation. Although the app was developed based on users’ active input in multiple iterations, we encountered challenges with survey recruitment and attrition, suggesting the need for more seamless and engaging means for collecting data within this population.

Conclusions
Interactions between users and the app can sustain user engagement and behavior change. We will improve the app’s next iterations by using the information gained from this study to conduct a larger study to assess the relationship among social and material deprivation, urban design, and access to inclusive and adaptive leisure programs. This study will inform the improvement of app listings to improve the use of Jooay by different user groups and promote health through mobile apps for marginalized groups.
Exploring the Potential of Personalized Dietary Advice for Health Improvement in Motivated Individuals With Premetabolic Syndrome: Pretest-Posttest Study
Authors: van der Haar Sandra , Hoevenaars Femke P M , van den Brink Willem J , van den Broek Tim , Timmer Mariëlle , Boorsma André , Doets Esmée L 
Published: May 2021

Background
Dietary quality plays an essential role in the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Objective
The aim of this pilot study is to organize personalized dietary advice in a real-life setting and to explore the effects on dietary intake, metabolic health, and perceived health.

Methods
We followed a one-group pretest-posttest design and included 37 individuals at risk of MetS, who indicated motivation to change dietary behavior. For a period of 16 weeks, participants received personalized advice (t=0 and t=8) and feedback (t=0, t=4, t=8, t=12 and t=16) on dietary quality and metabolic health (ie, waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting glucose levels, and C-peptide). Personalized advice was generated in a two-stage process. In stage 1, an automated algorithm generated advice per food group, integrating data on individual dietary quality (Dutch Healthy Diet Index; total score 8-80) and metabolic health parameters. Stage 2 included a telephone consultation with a trained dietitian to define a personal dietary behavior change strategy and to discuss individual preferences. Dietary quality and metabolic health markers were assessed at t=0, t=8, and t=16. Self-perceived health was evaluated on 7-point Likert scales at t=0 and t=16.

Results
At the end of the study period, dietary quality was significantly improved compared with the baseline (Dutch Healthy Diet Index +4.3; P<.001). In addition, lipid profile (triglycerides, P=.02; total cholesterol, P=.01; high-density lipoprotein, P<.001; and low-density lipoprotein, P<.001), BMI (P<.001), waist circumference (P=.01), and C-peptide (P=.01) were all significantly improved, whereas plasma glucose increased by 0.23 nmol/L (P=.04). In line with these results, self-perceived health scores were higher at t=16 weeks than at baseline (+0.67; P=.005).

Conclusions
This exploratory study showed that personalized dietary advice resulted in positive effects on dietary behavior, metabolic health, and self-perceived health in motivated pre-MetS adults. The study was performed in a do-it-yourself setting, highlighting the potential of at-home health improvement through dietary changes.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04595669; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04595669
Tanning Misinformation Posted by Businesses on Social Media and Related Perceptions of Adolescent and Young Adult White Non-Hispanic Women: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Moreno Megan Andreas , Jenkins Marina C , Lazovich DeAnn 
Published: May 2021

Background
Indoor ultraviolet (UV) tanning is common and consequential, increasing the risk for cancers including melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. At-risk groups include adolescents and young adults, who often report beliefs about benefits of tanning. Adolescent and young adults are also among the most ubiquitous social media users. As previous studies support that content about tanning is common on social media, this may be a way that young women are exposed to influential content promoting tanning, including health misinformation.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate health misinformation promoted by indoor tanning businesses via social media and to understand young women’s perceptions of this misinformation.

Methods
This mixed methods study included (1) retrospective observational content analysis of indoor tanning salons’ content on Facebook over 1 year and (2) qualitative interviews with a purposeful national sample of 46 White non-Hispanic women, age 16 to 23 years, who had recently tanned indoors. We assessed experiences with tanning businesses’ posted content on social media through interviews. We used the constant comparative approach for qualitative analyses.

Results
Content analysis findings included data from indoor tanning businesses (n=147) across 50 states, yielding 4956 total posts. Among 9 health misinformation topics identified, the most common was the promotion of UV tanning as a safe way to get Vitamin D (n=73, 1.5%). An example post was “Stop by Body and Sol to get your daily dose of Vitamin D.” Another misinformation topic was promoting tanning for health benefits (n=31, 0.62%), an example post was “the flu is not a season, it’s an inability to adapt due to decreased sun exposure…” A total of 46 participants completed interviews (age: mean 20 years, SD 2). Almost all participants (45/46, 98%) used Facebook, and 43.5% (20/46) followed an indoor tanning business on social media. Approximately half of participants reported seeing social media posts from tanning salons about Vitamin D, an example of a participant comment was “I have [seen that] a few times...” Among the participants, approximately half believed it was safe to get Vitamin D from indoor UV tanning; a participant stated: “I think it is a valid benefit to UV tanning.”

Conclusions
Despite the low frequency (range 0.5%-1.5%) of social media posts promoting health misinformation, participants commonly reported viewing these posts, and their perceptions aligned with health misinformation. Health education campaigns, possibly using social media to target at-risk populations, may be an innovative approach for tanning prevention messages.
Medical Students’ Perception and Perceived Value of Peer Learning in Undergraduate Clinical Skill Development and Assessment: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Alzaabi Shaikha , Nasaif Mohammed , Khamis Amar Hassan , Otaki Farah , Zary Nabil , Mascarenhas Sharon 
Published: May 2021

Background
The effectiveness of peer learning in clinical skill development is well recognized and researched, given the many benefits gained such as enhanced learning, alleviation of the burden on faculty, and early development of teaching skills for future doctors. However, little is known in terms of its effectiveness as an assessment tool and the extent to which peer assessment can be relied upon in the absence of faculty support.

Objective
This study was conducted to assess medical students’ perception toward peer learning, which is based on self-regulated learning as a tool of assessment, and to compare peer evaluation with faculty evaluation of clinical skill performance.

Methods
A cohort of 36 third-year medical students were exposed to peer learning (same-level) in clinical skills education for 3 months. A convergent mixed methods approach was adapted to collect data from 3 sources, namely, students’ perception of peer learning, performance scores, and reflective observational analysis. A 5-point Likert-type scale was used to assess students’ (n=28) perception on the value of peer learning. The students were asked to assess their peers by using a preset checklist on clinical skill performance, and scores were compared to faculty assessment scores. Reflective observational data were collected from observing video recordings of some of the peer learning sessions. The findings from all 3 sources were integrated using joint display analysis.

Results
Out of 28 students, 25 students completed the survey and 20 students perceived peer learning as valuable in clinical skills education. The mean score of peer assessment was higher than that of faculty assessment. There was a significant difference in student performance between supervised teaching and peer learning groups (P=.003). Most students focused on the mastery of skill with little attention to the technique’s quality. Further, students were unable to appreciate the relevance of the potential clinical findings of physical examination.

Conclusions
Peer learning in clinical skills education, based on self-regulated learning, empowers students to develop a more responsible approach toward their education. However, peer assessment is insufficient to evaluate clinical skill performance in the absence of faculty support. Therefore, we recommend that peer learning activities be preceded by supervised faculty-taught sessions.