bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cocked, Locked, and Loaded: An Analysis of the Five Policy Regimes of Concealed Carry on College Campuses
Authors: LaPlant Kristina M. , Seckinger Deryl Mack , Lee Keith E. , LaPlant James T. 
Published: January 2021

What are the predictors of the five types of policy regimes on campus carry across the 50 U.S. states? This study explores the roles of problem environment, gun culture, state policy liberalism, region, and racial politics to answer that research question. We argue that morality policy, the role of region in the adoption of public policy, and the southern subculture of violence are useful theoretical lenses for examining campus carry. We find that the problem environment—measured as gun murders per 100,000 population and the violent crime rate on college campuses—is negatively related to the adoption of campus carry policy regimes, while the gun culture (measured as gun purchases per capita and the total number of gun‐related interest groups) is positively related to the adoption of campus carry. State policy liberalism is a significant predictor of the type of policy regime adopted across the states, and the interaction term of percentage minority population and the South is a powerful predictor of adopting campus carry. The findings highlight the extant significance of the role of region, but it is conditioned by racial politics in the case of campus carry. Morality policy suggests that the rapid spread of concealed carry on college campuses may have hit a ceiling.Related ArticlesButz, Adam M., Michael P. Fix, and Joshua L. Mitchell. 2015. “Policy Learning and the Diffusion of Stand‐Your‐Ground Laws.” Politics & Policy 43 (3): 347‐377. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12116Joslyn, Mark R., and Donald P. Haider‐Markel. 2018. “Motivated Innumeracy: Estimating the Size of the Gun Owner Population and its Consequences for Opposition to Gun Restrictions.” Politics & Policy 46 (6): 827‐850. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12276Smith‐Walter, Aaron, Holly L. Peterson, Michael D. Jones, and Ashley Nicole Reynolds Marshall. “Gun Stories: How Evidence Shapes Firearm Policy in the United States.” Politics & Policy 44 (6): 1053‐1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12187
Determinants of nutritional status during the first 1000 days of life in Lebanon: Sex of the child matters
Authors: Chehab Rana F. , Nasreddine Lara , Forman Michele R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe first 1000 days of life support child growth and long‐term health, but few studies address this period in Lebanon and the Eastern Mediterranean Region.ObjectiveTo examine the determinants of nutritional status among Lebanese children ≤2 years old by child's sex.MethodsWe analysed data from a nationally representative cross‐sectional survey of 466 mother‐child dyads. We classified socio‐economic, maternal, and child characteristics using a hierarchical conceptual framework into distal, intermediate, and proximal levels, respectively. Sex‐stratified weighted multiple linear regression was computed to identify the determinants of length‐for‐age z‐scores (LAZ) and weight‐for‐length z‐scores (WLZ).ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) of LAZ and WLZ was −0.3 (1.6) and 0.5 (1.5) among boys and −0.1 (1.4) and 0.5 (1.0) among girls, respectively. At the distal level, maternal intermediate or high school education was associated with higher boys' LAZ (β 1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2, 1.8), and less crowded households were associated with higher girls' LAZ (β 0.8, 95% CI 0.3, 1.4). At the intermediate level, maternal obesity was associated with lower girls' LAZ (β −0.9, 95% CI −1.4, −0.4). At the proximal level, birth length directly (β 0.1, 95% CI 0.0, 0.2) and breast‐feeding duration inversely (β −0.1, 95% CI −0.1, −0.0) associated with girls' LAZ. For WLZ, paternal attainment of university degree or technical diploma was associated with lower boys' WLZ (β −0.9, 95% CI −1.8, −0.1). Among the proximal determinants, birthweight was directly associated with boys' WLZ (β 1.2, 95% CI 0.6, 1.8), while being a third or later child was associated with lower girls' WLZ (β −0.5, 95% CI −0.8, −0.2). Child age was directly associated with WLZ among boys and girls (β 0.1, 95% CI 0.0, 0.1).ConclusionsNutritional status determinants differed by child's sex in Lebanon. These findings may help inform interventions to improve child growth.
In Concreto Antinomies, Predictability, and Lawmaking
Authors: Feis Guglielmo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates whether or not cases of in concreto antinomies (ICAs for short, also called indirect antinomies, accidental antinomies, normative conflicts due to the facts, predicaments, or paranomies) can be predicted. I distinguish two main theoretical positions: “Prodetection” argues that we can predict in concreto antinomies; “unpredictability” argues that we cannot predict them.I exemplify the two positions by relying on a disagreement found in the literature; then, after reviewing that disagreement, I (i) provide arguments for both positions; (ii) highlight the problematic issues for a definition of in concreto antinomy based on conceptual independence; (iii) point out some problems in Martínez Zorrilla’s threefold conception of normative conflicts; and (iv) advocate the need to introduce a case for “practically unpredictable” normative conflicts.
Leveraging Auxiliary Information on Marginal Distributions in Nonignorable Models for Item and Unit Nonresponse
Authors: Akande Olanrewaju , Madson Gabriel , Hillygus D. Sunshine , Reiter Jerome P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOften, government agencies and survey organizations know the population counts or percentages for some of the variables in a survey. These may be available from auxiliary sources, for example administrative databases or other high-quality surveys. We present and illustrate a model-based framework for leveraging such auxiliary marginal information when handling unit and item nonresponse. We show how one can use the margins to specify different missingness mechanisms for each type of nonresponse. We use the framework to impute missing values in voter turnout in a subset of data from the US Current Population Survey. In doing so, we examine the sensitivity of results to different assumptions about the unit and item nonresponse.
Functional ANOVA Modelling of Pedestrian Counts on Streets in Three European Cities
Authors: Bolin David , Verendel Vilhelm , Berghauser Pont Meta , Stavroulaki Ioanna , Ivarsson Oscar , Håkansson Erik 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The relation between pedestrian flows, the structure of the city and the street network is of central interest in urban research. However, studies of this have traditionally been based on small data sets and simplistic statistical methods. Because of a recent large-scale cross-country pedestrian survey, there is now enough data available to study this in greater detail than before, using modern statistical methods. We propose a functional ANOVA model to explain how the pedestrian flow for a street varies over the day based on its density type, describing the nearby buildings, and street type, describing its role in the city’s overall street network. The model is formulated and estimated in a Bayesian framework using hour-by-hour pedestrian counts from the three European cities, Amsterdam, London and Stockholm. To assess the predictive power of the model, which could be of interest when building new neighbourhoods, it is compared with four common methods from machine learning, including neural networks and random forests. The results indicate that this model works well but that there is room for improvement in capturing the variability in the data, especially between cities.
On Wiener's violent oscillations, Popov's curves, and Hopf's supercritical bifurcation for a scalar heat equation
Authors: Guidotti Patrick , Merino Sandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA parameter‐dependent perturbation of the spectrum of the scalar Laplacian is studied for a class of nonlocal and non‐self‐adjoint rank one perturbations. A detailed description of the perturbed spectrum is obtained both for Dirichlet boundary conditions on a bounded interval as well as for the problem on the full real line. The perturbation results are applied to the study of a related parameter‐dependent nonlinear and nonlocal parabolic equation. The equation models a feedback system that admits an interpretation as a thermostat device or in the context of an agent‐based price formation model for a market. The existence and the stability of periodic self‐oscillations of the related nonlinear and nonlocal heat equation that arise from a Hopf bifurcation are proved. The bifurcation and stability results are obtained both for the nonlinear parabolic equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions and for a related problem with nonlinear Neumann boundary conditions that model feedback boundary control. They follow from a Popov criterion for integral equations after reducing the stability analysis for the nonlinear parabolic equation to the study of a related nonlinear Volterra integral equation. While the problem is studied in the scalar case only, it can be extended naturally to arbitrary Euclidean dimension and to manifolds.
Hematologic evaluation of intraoperative autologous blood collection and allogeneic transfusion in cardiac surgery
Authors: Henderson Reney A. , Judd Miranda , Strauss Erik R. , Gammie James S. , Mazzeffi Michael A. , Taylor Bradley S. , Tanaka Kenichi A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute normovolemic hemodilution is recommended as a technique to reduce allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in cardiac surgery, but its efficacy to reduce non‐RBC transfusion has not been consistently demonstrated. We hypothesized that intraoperative large‐volume autologous whole blood (AWB) collection and reinfusion improves viscoelastic coagulation parameters.Study Design and MethodsProspective observational study of cardiac surgery patients at the University of Maryland Medical Center between December 2017 and August 2019. Rotational thromboelastometry parameters were compared between AWB and control groups (n = 25 in each group) at three time points: T1, baseline; T2, on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) after the cross‐clamp removal; and T3, 30‐60 minutes after protamine administration. The study's primary outcomes were whole blood viscoelastic coagulation parameters that included EXTEM clotting time (CT), FIBTEM amplitude at 10 minutes, and EXTEM amplitude at 10 minutes (EXTEM‐A10). Chest tube drainage and allogeneic transfusion were secondary outcomes.ResultsReinfusion of AWB after CPB resulted in a significantly shorter EXTEM CT; mean difference, −11.4 seconds (−21.4 to −1.4; P = .03). It also resulted in a greater percentage increase in EXTEM A10 from T2 to T3; mean difference, 7.8% (95% CI, 1.1%‐14.5%; P = .02). Statistical significance was not found in 24‐hour chest tube drainage.ConclusionLarge‐volume AWB collection and reinfusion are feasible in selected cardiac surgical patients, and may be associated with prohemostatic effects according to thromboelastometry, warranting further investigation with a prospective randomized study.
Modified Posicast Control Design Method Based on the Parameters of a Fractional Order System
Authors: Yumuk Erhan , Güzelkaya Müjde , Eksin İbrahim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, a novel design method for half-cycle and modified posicast controller structures is proposed for a class of the fractional order systems. In this method, all required design variable values, namely, the input step magnitudes and their application times are obtained as functions of fractional system parameters. Moreover, empirical formulas are obtained for the overshoot values of the compensated system with half-cycle and modified posicast controllers designed utilizing this method. The proposed design methodology has been tested via simulations and ball balancing real-time system. It is observed that the derived formulas are in coherence with outcomes of the simulation and real-time application. Furthermore, the performance of modified posicast controller designed using proposed method is much better than other posicast control method.
Slot-Die Coating Operability Window for Nanoparticle Bed Deposition in a Microscale Selective Laser Sintering Tool
Authors: Behera Dipankar , Liao Daniel , Cullinan Michael A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work seeks to develop a fundamental understanding of slot-die coating as a nanoparticle bed deposition mechanism for a microscale selective laser sintering (μ-SLS) process. The specific requirements of the μ-SLS process to deposit uniform sub-5 μm metal nanoparticle films while enabling high throughput fabrication make the slot-die coating process a strong candidate for layer-by-layer deposition. The key challenges of a coating system are to enable uniform nanoparticle ink deposition in an intermittent layer-by-layer manner. Identifying the experimental parameters to achieve this using a slot-die coating process is difficult. Therefore, the main contribution of this study is to develop a framework to predict the wet film thickness and onset of coating defects by simulating the experimental conditions of the μ-SLS process. The single-layer deposition characteristics and the operational window for the slot-die coating setup have been investigated through experiments and two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. The effect of coating parameters such as inlet speed, coating speed, and coating gap on the wet film thickness has been analyzed. For inlet speeds higher than the coating speed, it was found that the meniscus was susceptible to high instabilities leading to coating defects. Additionally, the study outlines the conditions for which the stability of the menisci upstream and downstream of the slot-die coater can affect the uniformity and thickness range of the coating.
Intrinsic Heat Treatment Induced Graded Surficial Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Selective Laser Melted Titanium
Authors: Kang Nan , Coniglio Nicolas , Cao Yang , Zhao Chunling , El Mansori Mohamed , Zhao Yu , Lin Xin , Coddet Christian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the course of the selective laser melting (SLM) process, the part is built layer by layer involving partial remelting/heating of the previous layer, called as intrinsic heat treatment. Therefore, superficial properties of as-built parts are somewhat different from that of the inside of the part. In this work, the nano-tribological behavior of the commercial pure Ti (CP-Ti) sample built using SLM was investigated considering the near-surface regions with focus on the effect of intrinsic heat treatment. Microstructure and nano-testing allow identifying specific sliding behaviors in three attitude regions: (I) surface (0–50 µm), (II) subsurface (50–200 µm), and (III) inner-part (below 200 µm). The average hardness drops slightly when moving from Regions I and II (3.35 GPa) to Region III (3.09 GPa). The coefficient of friction (COF) values vary from 0.18 to 0.45 for all three regions, and the Region III presents highest worn trace width of 5.8 μm. Regions I and III promote a stick-and-slip behavior while sliding is smooth and continuous in Region II. This gradient microstructural characterization enables associating the behavior of Region II to large-sized lath martensite α′ morphology, which is different from the Regions I and III with finer microstructure. A finite element analysis (FEA) thermal model suggests that the existence of the three identified regions is the consequence of the intrinsic heat treatment induced by the SLM process, in which the remelting/heating and recrystallization have been considered as the main reasons for microstructure coarsening and refinement between Regions I and II, Regions II and III, respectively.
Neural Network for Balance of Plant SOFC-GT Actuator Control
Authors: Tsai Alex , Emami Tooran , Tucker David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work aims to study the feasibility of using an online feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) to control various actuators in a hybrid fuel cell gas turbine (FC-GT) simulation plant. This unique facility known as Hybrid Performance, or HYPER, is housed at the US Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory in Morgantown, WV. Using a cyber-physical approach, HYPER incorporates a high-fidelity FC model in software, which interacts with a gas turbine and corresponding balance of plant components in hardware, in real time. This methodology allows research of FC-GT operational issues as well as control application studies for such systems in a safe manner. An open loop perturbation of the FC model load current is used to retrieve target data from load bank and bypass airflow valve actuators which control turbine speed and FC cathode airflow respectively. The steady state FC anodic side fuel flow is also fed to a supervised ANN which learns the pattern of actuator response to the given FC perturbations. By mimicking the manually operated actuators, the FC solid temperature gradient is maintained within safe operating bounds. The feedforward ANN is useful for its simplicity and flexibility in controlling a variety of desired actuator responses based on input combinations. The benefits and drawbacks of using ANN’s are discussed, as well as suggestions for improvement.
LES-Verified RANS-Based Deterministic and Continuous Multiple-Objective Combustor Design Optimization
Authors: Briones Alejandro M. , Erdmann Timothy J. , Rankin Brent A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Optimization procedures are performed using RANS models due to computational wall-clock time constraints. These trends are verified against selected LES counterpart simulations. The optimization study is performed on a subsonic small-scale cavity-stabilized combustor. Steady, compressible three-dimensional simulations are performed using a multi-phase Realizable k-ε Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach or Dynamic Kinetic Energy Subgrid-scale LES. There are nineteen geometrical input parameters and four output parameters, viz., a pattern factor proxy (maximum exit temperature), a combustion efficiency proxy (averaged exit temperature), total pressure losses (TPL), and “melting” liner area. The RANS-based optimization with initial training sample of sixty design points leads to an optimum design point that dominates the baseline design, among other designs. The non-dominated design points release 57% of the heat inside the cavity in comparison to 43% from the baseline. Dominated combustors release as low as 23% of the heat in the cavity. The optimum, a dominated and the baseline design are compared with LES counterparts. The RANS predicted trends in terms of dominated and non-dominated design points were also confirmed by LES simulations, even though the output parameters quantitative values may differ. Discrepancies between RANS and LES appear more pronounced for the optimum design. This is attributed to the fact the LES permits pressure waves to escape the domain whereas RANS can only moderate pressure-induced disturbances. By allowing boundary-induced disturbances in the LES the flow field resembles that of RANS. Therefore, it is concluded that RANS and LES follow similar total pressure loss, pattern factor, and combustion efficiency trends as function of combustor design.
Hydrogen in Pipelines: Impact of Hydrogen Transport in Natural Gas Pipelines
Authors: Kurz Rainer , Lubomirsky Matt , Bainier Francis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The increased use of renewable energy has made the need to store electricity a central requirement. One of the concepts to address this need is to produce hydrogen from surplus electricity, and to use the existing natural gas pipeline system to transport the hydrogen. Generally, the hydrogen content in the pipeline flow would be below 20%, thus avoiding the problems of transporting and burning pure hydrogen. The natural gas – hydrogen mixtures have to be considered both from a gas transport and a gas storage perspective.
In this study, the impact of various levels of hydrogen in a pipeline system are simulated. The pipeline hydraulic simulation will provide the necessary operating conditions for the gas compressors, and the gas turbines that drive these compressors. The result of the study addresses the impact on transportation efficiency in terms of energy consumption and the emission of green house gases. Further, necessary concepts in the capability to store gas to better balance supply and demand are discussed.
Stress Rupture Behavior of Disk Superalloys Exposed to Low-Temperature Hot Corrosion Environment
Authors: Dua Dipankar , Khajavi Mohammad , White Gary , Thirumurthy Deepak , Singh Jaskirat 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Siemens Energy has a large fleet of aero-derivative gas turbines. The performance and durability of these power turbines largely depend on the capability of hot section components to resist high-temperature surface attacks and to maintain their mechanical properties. Hot corrosion attack occurs due to exposure of turbine components to sulfur-bearing fuels/air together with other corrosive compounds during turbine operation. This paper investigates the impact of low-temperature hot corrosion on the stress rupture of commonly used gas turbine disk alloys, including Inconel 718, Incoloy 901, and A-286. The results indicate that Inconel 718 and Incoloy 901 maintain their creep strength advantage over A-286 in a low-temperature hot corrosion inducing environment at 1100°F. All three materials exhibited an equivalent life reduction in the corrosive environments at 1100°F. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the stress-rupture life of materials in hot-corrosion environments depends on the combined and cumulative effects of corrosion-resistant and hardening elements.
Applicability of Harmonic Balance for the Determination of Blade Stability Within the Prescribed Motion Approach
Authors: Chenaux Virginie Anne , Schuff Matthias , Quero David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To predict blade aerodynamic damping during the design phase, unsteady linearized CFD methods are commonly used as they offer a reasonable accuracy at acceptable computational costs. However, for moderate blade oscillation amplitudes, nonlinear aerodynamic effects may appear, yielding eventually an evolution into a stable, limit cycle oscillation (LCO). In the perspective of raising performance and safety, identifying such scenarios might open new development possibilities. Therefore, a valuable alternative to expensive CFD time domain methods consists in applying the nonlinear frequency domain harmonic balance (HB) approach to determine the aerodynamic response. An appropriate number of higher harmonics have to be retained depending on the severity of the aerodynamic nonlinearity under consideration. This number can be identified using either a convergence study with an increasing number of harmonics, or a direct comparison with time-domain simulations. For weak to moderate aerodynamic nonlinearities, this work proposes a guideline to determine the number of harmonics without additional, comparative simulations. First, the HB convergence properties are derived using the well-known Duffing oscillator. Next, the method is applied to a compressor rotor blade subjected to a prescribed harmonic motion for conditions with and without aerodynamic nonlinearities.