bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Humor Cytokine Levels Through Microarray Analysis and a Sub-Analysis Based on Optical Coherence Tomography in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients
Authors: Joo Jin-Ho , Kim Hyejee , Shin Jae-Ho , Moon Sang Woong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Backgorund To identify disease-specific cytokine and growth factor profile differences in the aqueous humor between wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients and age-matched controls and to correlate their levels with the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings.MethodsAqueous humors were obtained from 13 wet AMD eyes and 10 control eyes. Twenty cytokines and growth factors were measured using a RayBio antibody microarray technology in wet AMD and control eyes. Results The samples obtained from wet AMD patients exhibited a significantly increased expression of MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Subretinal fluid (SRF) patients showed significantly lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α and GM-CSF, than those without SRF. Pigment epithelial detachments (PED) patients showed lower levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, than those without PED. Subretinal tissue (SRT) patients showed a higher level of IFN-γ than those without SRT. Compared with the controls, type 1 choroidal neovascularization (CNV) patients showed increased levels of MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β, but not VEGF (p = 0.083). However, type 2 CNV patients showed increased levels of MCP-1 and VEGF (p = 0.040 and p = 0.040). Conclusion Inflammatory cytokines varied according to the type of AMD- and OCT-based parameters. Our observation of low levels of VEGF in patients with type 1 CNV implies that the inhibition of VEGF alone appears to be insufficient treatment for these patients and that cytokines such as MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β should be modulated. And the presence of SRF in CNV may be associated with a positive prognosis because we found relatively low levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, treatment decisions for patients with wet AMD should be based on OCT-based biomarkers and angiographic classification schemes, and in patients with wet AMD, which is not treated well with anti-VEGF alone, it is necessary to analyze inflammatory cytokines.
Magnetic monopole mechanism for localized electron pairing in HTS
Authors: Diamantini Cristina , Trugenberger Carlo , Vinokur Valerii 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent effective field theory of high-temperature superconductivity (HTS) captures the universal features of HTS and the pseudogap phase and explains the underlying physics as a coexistence of a charge condensate with a condensate of dyons, particles carrying both magnetic and electric charges. Central to this picture are magnetic monopoles emerging in the proximity of the topological quantum superconductor-insulator transition (SIT) that dominates the HTS phase diagram. However, the mechanism responsible for spatially localized electron pairing, characteristic of HTS, remains elusive. Here we show that real-space, localized electron pairing is mediated by magnetic monopoles and occurs well above the superconducting transition temperature Tc.
Localized electron pairing promotes the formation of superconducting granules connected by Josephson links. Global superconductivity sets in when these granules form an infinite cluster at Tc, which is estimated to fall in the range from hundred to thousand Kelvins. Our findings pave the way to tailoring materials with elevated superconducting transition temperatures.
Forming Characteristics and Mechanism of Double-roll Rotary forging for Large Diameter and Thin-walled Metal Discs
Authors: Yu Zhongquan , Zhu Chundong , Chen Mingchao , Luo Site 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Double-roll rotary forging is an emerging plastic forming technology based on rotary forging. Owing to the advantages of labor saving, small eccentric load, low noise and vibration, good uniformity, high surface quality and material saving, it is very promising for fabrication of large-diameter thin-walled disc. To date, few relevant research on the double-roll rotary forging technology of large-diameter thin-walled metal discs has been reported, and the forming mechanisms and process of disc workpieces remains uninvestigated. Herein, a 3D rigid-plastic finite element model (FEM) is established to simulate the fabrication process of large-diameter thin-walled disc, four geometric features appear in the forming process: “mushroom” shape, “upper drum” shape, “drum shape” shape and “lower drum” shape. Equivalent stress, equivalent strain and temperature field of these four geometric shapes are analyzed, and the forming mechanism of these four geometric shapes is revealed. The reliability and accuracy of FEM are verified through experiments and the four geometric shape features occur in the process are consistent with the simulation. The research results provide valuable guidelines for better understanding of double-roll rotary forging for the fabrication of large-diameter thin-walled discs.
Prevalence of potential mediators of artemisinin resistance in African isolates of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Owoloye Afolabi , Olufemi Michael Juwon , Idowu Emmanuel Taiwo , Oyebola Kolapo Muyiwa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The devastating public health impact of malaria has prompted the need for effective interventions. Malaria control gained traction after the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). However, the emergence of artemisinin (ART) resistance in South-East Asia and reports of delayed parasite sensitivity to ACTs in African parasites signal an imminent treatment failure. Monitoring the prevalence of mutations associated with artemisinin resistance in African populations is required to stop resistance in its tracks. Plasmodium falciparum Kelch-13 (Pfk13), Pfcoronin and PfATPase6 gene mutations have been associated with ART resistance. In this review, we collated findings from published research articles to establish the prevalence of Pfk13, Pfcoronin and PfATPase6 polymorphisms in Africa. We searched PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar for relevant articles reporting polymorphisms in these genes across Africa between 2014 to 2021. Seventy-two studies which passed the inclusion criteria reported 739 single nucleotide polymorphisms (331 unique variants) from 34,353 samples collected in 26 African countries. Four validated Pfk13 resistant markers linked with delayed parasite clearance were identified in Africa: R561H in Rwanda and Tanzania, M476I in Tanzania, and F446I in Mali, and P553L in Angola. In Tanzania, three (L263E, E431K, and S769N) of the four mutations (L263E, E431K, A623E, and S769N) in PfATPase6 gene previously associated with delayed parasite clearance in presence of artemisinin were reported. Pfcoronin polymorphisms were reported in Senegal, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya and Congo, with P76S being the most prevalent Pfcoronin mutation. Our findings demonstrate independent emergence and widespread distribution of Pfk13, Pfcoronin and PfATPase6 mutations in Africa. Understanding the phenotypic consequences of these mutations can provide information on the efficacy status of artemisinin-based treatment of malaria in Africa.
Usage of Compromised Lung Volume in Monitoring Steroid Therapy on Severe COVID-19
Authors: Su Ying , Qiu Ze-song , Chen Jun , Ju Min-jie , Ma Guo-guang , He Jin-wei , Yu Shen-ji , Liu Kai , Lure Fleming Y. M. , Tu Guo-wei , Zhang Yu-yao , Luo Zhe 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundQuantitative computed tomography (QCT) analysis may serve as a tool for assessing the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and for monitoring its progress. The present study aimed to assess the association between steroid therapy and quantitative CT parameters in a longitudinal cohort with COVID-19.MethodsBetween February 7 and February 17, 2020, 300 chest CT scans from 72 patients with severe COVID-19 were retrospectively collected and classified into five stages according to the interval between hospital admission and follow-up CT scans: Stage 1 (at admission); Stage 2 (3–7 days); Stage 3 (8–14 days); Stage 4 (15–21 days); and Stage 5 (22–31 days). QCT was performed using a threshold-based quantitative analysis to segment the lung according to different Hounsfield unit (HU) intervals. The primary outcomes were changes in percentage of compromised lung volume (%CL, –500 to 100 HU) at different stages. Multivariate Generalized Estimating Equations were performed after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOf 72 patients, 31 patients (43.1%) received steroid therapy. Steroid therapy was associated with a decrease in %CL (-3.27% [95% CI, -5.86 to -0.68, P = 0.01]) after adjusting for duration and baseline %CL. Associations between steroid therapy and changes in %CL varied between different stages or baseline %CL (all interactions, P < 0.01). Steroid therapy was associated with decrease in %CL after stage 3 (all P < 0.05), but not at stage 2. Similarly, steroid therapy was associated with a more significant decrease in %CL in the high CL group (P < 0.05), but not in the low CL group.ConclusionsSteroid administration was independently associated with a decrease in %CL, with interaction by duration or disease severity in a longitudinal cohort. The quantitative CT parameters, particularly compromised lung volume, may provide a useful tool to monitor COVID-19 progression during the treatment process. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04953247. Registered July 7, 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04953247
Synthesis and Characterization of Compounds Based on Carbazole and Sulfone Groups
Authors: jia huixian , Feng Chenghong , Han Wanfei , Xue Yan , Jin Yanren , Li Dongfeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Two compounds containing carbazole and sulfone groups with different alkyl chain lengths have been designed and synthesized. The sulfone group has strong absorption characteristics and the alkoxy chain and carbazole group are electron-rich, forming D-δ-A-type symmetrical molecules. The molecules have the characteristics of charge transfer and high thermal stability, and the molecules stack to form a layered staggered stack, reducing the intermolecular π–π interactions. The target compounds also exhibit strong ultraviolet-fluorescent emission in the solid state at room temperature, and they are expected to be good luminescent materials.
Information Transmission among Multiple Investors: A Micro Perspective Revealed by Motifs
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Yongjie , Wang Lidan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We build the shareholderco-holding network(SCN)based on common shareholding data from 2007 to 2017.Considering the node attributes and the link weights, we reveal the basic structure and dynamic evolution of the SCN from two aspects: motif identification and motif evolution.Research on motifidentificationshows that although closed motifs have a low proportion, they are statistically significant.Further,research on the motif evolution shows that all motif structures have a higher tendency to disappear. The motifs containing financial investment company shareholders tend to disappear, while the motifs containing general corporate shareholders tend to remain unchanged during the evolution process.In short, we have developed the local motif structure of the SCN, which helps understand how information is transmitted among multiple investors.
Endovascular Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations mainly fed by the Anterior Cerebral Artery
Authors: Hou Kun , Yu Jinlu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: There have been few studies on endovascular treatment (EVT) of the brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) involving the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Methods and materials: This study continuously enrolled 60 patients with ACA-BAVMs treated with EVT. ACA-BAVMs were divided into three types: type I BAVMs were those located below and in front of the corpus callosum genu, type II BAVMs were those located in the upper area of the corpus callosum from the genu to the anterior trunk, and type III BAVMs were those located in the upper area from the anterior trunk to the splenium of the corpus callosum. Results: The patients were aged 10 to 72 years (mean, 35.4 ±17.0 years) and included 28 females (46.7%, 28/60). BAVMs were type I (15%, 9/60), type II (25%, 15/60), and type III (60%, 36/60). Statistical analysis showed that posterior cerebral artery (PCA) tended to be involved in type II and III BAVMs. For EVT, immediate complete or nearly complete embolization was achieved in 34 (56.7%, 34/60) cases. During EVT, there were 3 cases of intraoperative bleeding (5%, 3/60), which tended to occur in type I and II ACA-BAVMs. At discharge, 80% of patients had a GOS score of 5. During the follow-up, 89.3% of patients had mRS scores of 0 and 1. Conclusion: This study showed that EVT carries a risk of intraoperative bleeding for type I and II BAVMs, for type II and III BAVMs, the PCA can often be involved in EVT. In general, EVT can result in a good prognosis for ACA-BAVMs.
Are Protected Areas Effective In the Conservation of Priority Areas for Freshwater Insects In Brazil?
Authors: Dias-Silva Karina , Vieira Thiago , Moreira Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo , Juen Leandro , Hamada Neusa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Biodiversity conservation has faced many challenges, especially the conversion of natural areas that compete with use for agriculture, energy production and mineral extraction. This problem is further aggravated by lack of knowledge of the biodiversity that exists and the geographical distribution of different groups. The objectives of our study were to examine the distributional pattern of Gerromorpha diversity in Brazil, create a map of conservation priority areas, measure the importance level of the current network of protected areas, and identify the size thresholds in geographical distributions that would allow species to be protected. We used species occurrences from the Water Bugs Distributional Database, and we used 19 bioclimatic variables to build models of the potential distributions of species using the MaxEnt program. Using the potential model results, we calculated diversity metrics and overlapped them with the current state and federal “conservation units” (protected areas for biodiversity) in Brazil. Total beta diversity and turnover portions were separated into two faunistic groups, one in northern and the other in southern Brazil. The Amazon has higher beta diversity than what was predicted by the null models. We detected a positive relationship between species distribution area and occurrence in conservation units. Conservation units with less than 250 km² do not protect Gerromorpha species. We reinforce the necessity of formulating new conservation strategies for this group, contemplating species with both restricted and ample distributions, because rare and specialist species are the most harmed by habitat reduction, given that they are more sensitive to environmental disturbance.
Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm based on a New Local Search Approach for Parameter Estimation of Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: TEFEK Mehmet fatih Fatih 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, an ABC-Local Search (ABC-Ls) method was proposed by including a new local search procedure into the standard artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to perform the parameter estimation of photovoltaic systems (PV). The aim of the proposed ABC-Ls method was to improve the exploration capability of the standard ABC with a new local search procedure in addition to the exploitation and exploration balance of the standard ABC algorithm. The proposed ABC-Ls method was first tested on 15 well-known benchmark functions in the literature. After obtaining successful results on the benchmark tests, the proposed ABC-Ls method was applied to the single diode, double diode and PV modules of PV systems for parameter estimations. The success of the ABC-Ls method was compared with the algorithms commonly used in the literature such as genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and standard ABC algorithm, and the comparison results were presented in tables and graphics in detail. It was found that the ABC-Ls method was more successful and achieved better results compared to GA, PSO and standard ABC. It was determined that the ABC-LS method performed similar or better PV parameter estimation compared to other studies in the literature.
Neutral Electrolyzed Water (SES) for Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Rinses Prevented COVID-19 in Front-Line Health Professionals: A Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled Trial in a General Hospital in Mexico City.
Authors: Gutiérrez-García Rafael , Cerda-Ángeles Juan Carlos De la , Cabrera-Licona Ariana , Delgado-Enciso Iván , Mervitch-Sigal Nicolás , Paz-Michel Brenda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus, has destabilized society all around the world and is predicted to take a long time to be overcome. The worldwide efforts that healthcare professionals are making is well known, and the high risk of illness and death that front-line staff experience on a daily basis is a reality as well. Despite well-defined protocols for the use of personal protective equipment, many nurses and doctors are still getting sick and dying. It is well known that vaccination is still faraway to be achieved worldwide and that new variants are emerging, so additional protective measures must be explored. This study investigated the effectivity of a neutral electrolyzed water (SES) to reduce the risk of COVID-19 disease in front-line medical staff, when it was used for nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal rinses (prophylactic protocol).Methods: A prospective open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in front-line medical staff from the general hospital Enrique Cabrera in México City. One hundred and seventy volunteers were enrolled and equally divided in control group and SES group. All members of the trial wore the adequate personal protection equipment at all times while performing their duties, as required by standard COVID-19 safety protocols. Additionally, the SES group participants followed a prophylactic protocol with SES (oral and nasal rinses, three times a day for 4 weeks). All participants were monitored for COVID-19 symptoms and disease in a time-frame of 4 weeks and the incidence of illness per group was registered. The relative risk of disease, associated with each treatment was calculated. Results: The presence of COVID-19 positive cases, in the group that received the nasal and oral rinses with SES was 1.2%, while in the group that did not do the SES rinses (control group), it was 12.7% (p= 0.0039 and RR= 0.09405; 95%, CI of 0.01231-0.7183). The prophylactic protocol was demonstrated as a protective factor for developing the disease. Conclusions: Nasal and oral rinses with SES may be an efficient alternative to reinforce the protective measures against COVID-19 disease and should be further investigated. Trial registration: RPCEC00000357. Retrospectively registered, March, 16, 2021. https://rpcec.sld.cu/en/trials/RPCEC00000357-En/revisions/5137/view
FERARI and cargo adaptors coordinate cargo flow through sorting endosomes
Authors: Solinger Jachen , Rashid Harun-Or , Spang Anne 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cellular organization, compartmentalization and cell-to-cell communication are crucially dependent on endosomal pathways. Sorting endosomes provide a transit point for various trafficking pathways and decide the fate of proteins: recycling, secretion or degradation. FERARI (Factors for Endosome Recycling and Rab Interactions) plays a key role in shaping these compartments and coordinates Rab GTPase function with membrane fusion and fission of vesicles through a kiss-and-run mechanism. Here we show that cargo concentration in sorting endosomes determines the length of the kiss between Rab11 and SNX1 structures, presumably by clogging the fusion stalk. Cargo flow from sorting endosomes into Rab11 structures relies on the cargo adaptor SNX6, while cargo retention in the Rab11 endosome is dependent on AP1. Similar to Rab11, Rab5 and Rab10 positive endosomes also interact with the SNX1 tubular network through FERARI-dependent kiss-and-run. We propose that FERARI, together with cargo adaptors, coordinates the vectorial flow of cargo through sorting endosomes.
Evidence of Finite Magneto-electric Coupling in SmFeO3 – PbTiO3 Solid Solutions
Authors: Arora Mehak , Kaur Shubhpreet , aggarwal Kanika , Kumar Sunil , Malhi Parambir Singh , Singh Mandeep , Singh Anupinder 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Present work investigates the detailed multiferroic properties of Pb1 − xSmxTi1−xFexO3, (x = 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24 and 0.25) synthesize through solid state reaction route. The structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic properties were measured. A sincere study is carried out to detect the magneto-electric coupling in all the samples through magneto-dielectric, magnetization after electric poling and magneto-pe response. The maximum value of coupling coefficient (γ) and magneto-dielectric response (MDR) of sample x = 0.24 has shown by magneto-dielectric properties and magnetization after electric poling whereas magneto-pe has shown that all the samples possess multiferroic nature.
Modulation of Spin Dynamics in Ni/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 Multiferroic Heterostructure
Authors: Xu Hang , Wang Bo , Qi Ji , Liu Mei , Teng Fei , Hu Linglong , Zhang Yuan , Qu Chaoqun , Feng Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the fast-developing spin dynamics in ferromagnetic/piezoelectric structures, this work attempts to manipulate magnonics (spin dynamics) by the converse magnetoelectric (ME) coupling. Herein, electric field (E-field) tuning magnetism, especially the surface spin wave, is accomplished in Ni/0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) multiferroic heterostructures. The Kerr signal (∝magnetization) changes of Ni film are observed when direct current (DC) or alternative current (AC) voltage is applied to PMN-PT substrate, where the signal can be modulated breezily even with no extra magnetic field (H-field) is needed in AC-mode measurement. Deserved to be mentioned, an “1” (i.e., “on”) and “0” (i.e., “off”) surface spin wave switch upon applying an E-field is created at room temperature. In addition, the magnetic anisotropy of heterostructures has been investigated by E-field induced ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) shift, and a large 490 Oe shift of FMR is determined at the angle of 45° between H-field and heterostructure plane.
Investigation of Phase Formation and Electrical Properties of Fe-Doped PZT Ceramics
Authors: DUMITRU Alina Iulia , VELCIU Georgeta , PATROI Delia , PINTEA Jana , MARINESCU Virgil , DUMITRU Tudor-Gabriel , Peter Ildiko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, some compositions described by the general formula Pb(ZrxTi1-x)0.99Fe0.01O3 have been considered and investigated. The compositions considered have been obtained by solid state reaction technique, where x corresponds to 0.42, 0.52 and 0.58. Sintering has been performed for 2 hours at temperatures between 1100oC and 1250oC. The influence of the sintering temperature on the microstructure and on the hysteresis loops of Fe3+ doped Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 system has been investigated. The crystallographic phase and microstucture of the sintered compositions have been studied in detail using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The experimental results obtained by XRD have revealed that all the sintered samples have a perovskite structure. In order to correlate the behavior of the sintered materials to their microscopic structure, the domain structures have been defined by SEM. The dielectric properties, as relative dielectric permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss (tan δ) have been measured. The hysteresis loops at room temperature of all un-poled sintered compositions reveal a similar behaviour with “hard” PZT ceramics. The piezoelectric properties like electromechanical coupling factor (kp) have been investigated after polarization.