bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased pain sensitivity and alterations of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma inflammatory mediators after total hip arthroplasty in patients with disabling osteoarthritis
Authors: Bjurström Martin F. , Bodelsson Mikael , Irwin Michael R. , Orbjörn Camilla , Hansson Oskar , Mattsson‐Carlgren Niklas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundProinflammatory mechanisms are implicated in pain states. Recent research indicates that patients with osteoarthritis (OA) with signs of central sensitization exhibit elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of interferon gamma‐induced protein 10 (IP‐10), Fms‐related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt‐1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1).MethodsThe current prospective cohort study, including 15 patients with OA, primarily aimed to evaluate associations among alterations in CSF IP‐10, Flt‐1, MCP‐1, and pain sensitization following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Participants provided CSF and blood samples for analysis of 10 proinflammatory mediators, and underwent detailed clinical examination and quantitative sensory testing, immediately preoperative and 18 months after surgery.ResultsNeurophysiological measures of pain showed markedly reduced pain sensitivity long‐term postoperative. Increases in remote site pressure pain detection thresholds (PPDTs) and decreased temporal summation indicated partial resolution of previous central sensitization. Compared to preoperative, CSF concentrations of IP‐10 were increased (p = 0.041), whereas neither Flt‐1 (p = 0.112) nor MCP‐1 levels changed (p = 0.650). Compared to preoperative, plasma concentrations of IP‐10 were increased (p = 0.006), whereas interleukin (IL)‐8 was decreased (p = 0.023). Subjects who exhibited increases in arm PPDTs above median showed greater increases in CSF IP‐10 compared to those with PPDT increases below median (p = 0.028). Analyses of plasma IP‐10 and IL‐8 indicated higher levels of peripheral inflammation were linked to decreased pressure pain thresholds (unadjusted β = −0.79, p = 0.006, and β = −118.1, p = 0.014, respectively).ConclusionsTHA leads to long‐term decreases in pain sensitivity, indicative of resolution of sensitization processes. Changes in CSF and plasma levels of IP‐10, and plasma IL‐8, may be associated with altered pain phenotype.
Absent X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein expression in T cell blasts and causal mutations including non‐coding deletion
Authors: Abdrabou Shimaa Said Mohamed Ali , Toita Nariaki , Ichihara Shin , Tozawa Yusuke , Takahashi Michiko , Fujiwara Shin‐ichi , Ashida Toshifumi , Ohara Osamu , Ariga Tadashi , Manabe Atsushi , Konno Mutsuko , Yamada Masafumi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundX‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) deficiency is one of inborn errors of immunity characterized by recurrent hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mimicking Crohn’s disease. The aim of this study is to make an accurate diagnosis of XIAP deficiency based on genetic and XIAP expression studies and to investigate endoscopic findings shared by patients with this disease.MethodsFour male patients with recurrent hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and long‐term refractory IBD were studied for the diagnosis of XIAP deficiency. Endoscopic findings of the four patients were also studied in parallel.ResultsThese four patients were diagnosed with XIAP deficiency based on the absent XIAP expression in cultured T‐cell blasts. Sequence analysis of the responsible gene, XIAP, demonstrated two novel nonsense mutations of p.Gln114X and p.Glu25X, and a previously reported nonsense mutation of p.Arg381X. Although no mutations in the coding region were detected in the fourth patient, further studies demonstrated a novel 2,199 bp deletion encompassing non‐coding exon 1, presumably affecting transcription and stability of XIAP mRNA. All of the patients eventually underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, leading to a complete or partial remission of IBD. These four patients shared an endoscopic finding of multiple wide and longitudinal ulcers with straight and non‐raised edge in the colon.ConclusionsX‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein expression in T‐cell blasts could facilitate the diagnosis of this disease, especially with causal mutations in non‐coding regions.
When perception is reality, there is more than one reality: The formation and effects of pay‐for‐performance perceptions
Authors: Park Sanghee , Sturman Michael C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCompensation research has generally considered pay‐for‐performance (PFP) perceptions in terms of how people react to only a single PFP form or PFP systems as a whole, regardless of the complexity of the compensation system pertaining to the individual. Synthesizing construal level theory, expectancy theory, compensation activation theory, and Call and Ployhart's (2020) theory of firm value capture from employee job performance, we provide insights into how employees develop PFP perceptions when they are covered by a complex PFP system. We propose that (1) individuals shape PFP perceptions at different levels of mental construals, ranging from concrete to abstract; (2) concrete conceptualizations lead to specific, detailed, multidimensional perceptions of PFP system elements (i.e., expectancy, instrumentality, valence, and incentive‐intensity) while abstract conceptualizations lead to more general perceptions with fewer perceived dimensions; (3) an individual's construal level can change over time because of characteristics of the PFP system as well as external events, and (4) construal levels have different implications for PFP system effectiveness at the individual and organizational levels. We also discuss how this theoretical approach provides a structure for enhancing our understanding of modern pay practices that helps to close the gap that currently exists between compensation theory and practice.
Colletotrichum falcatum and Fusarium species induce symptoms of red rot in sugarcane in Brazil
Authors: Costa Marileide M. , Silva Bárbara A. A. S. , Moreira Gláucia M. , Pfenning Ludwig H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRed rot is an important disease of sugarcane, reported from the main producing countries of the crop. The main causal agent is Colletotrichum falcatum, which induces reddish internal stalk rot, resulting in loss of quality and quantity of sugars. While the occurrence of this disease has been reported in plantations in Brazil, the aetiology of the disease is not yet fully understood. We isolated and identified the fungi associated with sugarcane plants showing symptoms of red rot. Thirty isolates were recovered and grouped by morphology within the genera Colletotrichum and Fusarium. Based on phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from ITS, ACT, SOD, GAPDH, and EF‐1α, eight isolates were identified as C. falcatum (n = 6) and C. plurivorum (n = 2). Twenty‐two isolates belonged to the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex and were identified as F. sacchari (n = 8), F. proliferatum (n = 3), and F. madaense (n = 11). Coinfection with C. falcatum and Fusarium species were frequently observed. C. falcatum and Fusarium strains induced reddening of internal tissues and stalk rot in sugarcane plants, symptoms of red rot, while Fusarium species also induced symptoms of pokkah boeng. C. plurivorum, whose sexual stage was observed on the surface of stems, did not induce stalk rot or leaf symptoms. The results obtained in this study clarify the aetiological agents of red rot of sugarcane in Brazil. The conditions that lead to the development of specific symptoms of red rot or pokkah boeng are under investigation.
The safe use of compost derived from municipal solid waste depends on its composition and conditions of application
Authors: Arrobas Margarida , Thais Nepomuceno Carvalho Jéssica , Raimundo Soraia , Poggere Giovana , Rodrigues Manuel Ângelo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMunicipal solid waste compost (MSWC) is a source of organic C and other nutrients, which, when free from potential contaminants, can be used as a soil amendment. This study was carried out over three years in a vineyard with soil pH close to neutral under an experimental design consisting of two treatments (with and without MSWC). Application of MSWC is currently authorized under national legislation to be used in vineyards, orchards and forests at a maximum rate of 10 t ha−1 year−1. In this study, for experimental purposes, a double rate (20 t ha−1 year−1) was used. The accumulated grape yield increased in the amended plot by 28% and the dry biomass of weeds between rows by 119%. The MSWC significantly increased some relevant soil properties such as organic C, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and extractable P, K and B. The concentration of K increased significantly in several tissues, and the concentration of P decreased. However, the concentration of K, P and other essential nutrients in the leaves remained within their sufficiency ranges. Tissue levels of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni) did not increase with the MSWC application, and the values in the pulp remained below the limits established for foodstuffs. The results from this study indicate that the continuous application of the MSWC does not seem to be sustainable, because of the risk of causing nutritional disorders. Products with similar composition should therefore be used only on more acidic soils and should never exceed the legally established rates.
Bloodstream infections among intestinal and multivisceral transplant recipients
Authors: Spence Amanda B. , Novick Elizabeth , Natarajan Madhuri , Burkhart Natalie , Girlanda Raffaele , Timpone Joseph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the etiologies, risk factors, and microbiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) among intestinal and multivisceral transplant recipients in the 2‐year post‐operative period.MethodsA retrospective medical record review of adult intestinal or multivisceral transplant recipients between 2003 and 2015. Descriptive statistics were used to describe cohort data. Logistic regression was used to assess factors related to BSIs using a backward selection process.ResultsOne‐hundred and six intestinal or multivisceral transplants were performed in 103 individuals. Fifty‐eight percent (n = 62) developed a BSI in the 2‐year post‐operative period with a median time to first BSI of 53 days (interquartile range [IQR] 15, 169). The majority of BSIs were catheter related 38% (n = 58) when the source was known. Common microbiological isolates included enterococcus 20% (n = 36/174), coagulase‐negative staphylococcus 14% (n = 23), and 12% Klebsiella spp (n = 21). Forty‐seven percent (n = 17) of the enterococci were resistant to vancomycin, and 14% (n = 10/70) of the gram negatives were extended spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) producers. In adjusted analyses, (OR: 0.200 95% CI: 0.2, 0.514, P = .009) men were less likely to have a BSI. Transplant recipient age, allograft type, comorbidities, rejection, and length of stay were not noted to be risk factors for development of BSIs in our cohort. Mortality at 2‐years post‐transplant was similar for those who did not develop a BSI and those that developed infection, P = .5028.ConclusionsBSIs are a common complication of intestinal transplantation, and central venous catheters were a common source. Interventions such as early catheter removal should be implemented to prevent infections in this population. Female sex association with BSI requires further investigation.
Volume of packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma is associated with intraoperative hypocalcaemia during large volume intraoperative transfusion
Authors: Douville Nicholas J. , Davis Ryan , Jewell Elizabeth , Colquhoun Douglas A. , Ramachandran Satya Krishna , Engoren Milo C. , Picton Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere hypocalcaemia is associated with increased transfusion in the trauma population. Furthermore, trauma patients developing severe hypocalcaemia have higher mortality and coagulopathy. Electrolyte abnormalities associated with massive transfusion have been less studied in the surgical population. Here, we tested the primary hypothesis that volume of packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma transfused intraoperatively is associated with lower nadir ionised calcium in the surgical population receiving massive resuscitation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study at an academic quaternary care centre to characterise hypocalcaemia following large volume (4 or more units packed red blood cells) intraoperative transfusion. We used multivariable linear regression to assess if volume of transfusion with packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma were independently associated with a lower ionised calcium. We then used multivariable logistic regressions to assess the association between ionised calcium and transfusion with: (i) mortality, (ii) acute kidney injury, and (iii) postoperative coagulopathy.ResultsHypocalcaemia following large volume resuscitation in the operating room is a very frequent occurrence (70% of cases). After controlling for demographic variables and intraoperative variables, the volume transfused intraoperative was independently associated with hypocalcaemia on multivariable linear regression. Hypocalcaemia, intraoperative transfusion of packed red blood cells, and intraoperative transfusion of fresh frozen plasma were not shown to be associated with clinical outcomes.ConclusionsHypocalcaemia was associated with increased transfusion volume in this single‐centre study. Unlike the trauma population, hypocalcaemia was not associated with increased mortality during surgical care. Our findings suggest that despite improved practice patterns of calcium supplementation, intraoperative hypocalcaemia occurs with relatively high frequency following large volume intraoperative transfusion.
The scarecrow‐like transcription factor SlSCL3 regulates volatile terpene biosynthesis and glandular trichome size in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Yang Changqing , Marillonnet Sylvestre , Tissier Alain 
Published: June 2021

SummaryTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) type VI glandular trichomes that occur on the surface of leaves, stems, young fruits and flowers produce and store a blend of volatile monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. These compounds play important roles in the interaction with pathogens and herbivorous insects. Although the function of terpene synthases in the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes in tomato has been comprehensively investigated, the deciphering of their transcriptional regulation is only just emerging. We selected transcription factors that are over‐expressed in trichomes based on existing transcriptome data and silenced them individually by virus‐induced gene silencing. Of these, SlSCL3, a scarecrow‐like (SCL) subfamily transcription factor, led to a significant decrease in volatile terpene content and expression of the corresponding terpene synthase genes when its transcription level was downregulated. Overexpression of SlSCL3 dramatically increased both the volatile terpene content and glandular trichome size, whereas its homozygous mutants showed reduced terpene biosynthesis. However, its heterozygous mutants also showed a significantly elevated volatile terpene content and enlarged glandular trichomes, similar to the overexpression plants. SlSCL3 modulates the expression of terpene biosynthetic pathway genes by transcriptional activation, but neither direct protein–DNA binding nor interaction with known regulators was observed. Moreover, transcript levels of the endogenous copy of SlSCL3 were decreased in the overexpression plants but increased in the heterozygous and homozygous mutants, suggesting feedback repression of its own promoter. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the role of SlSCL3 in the complex regulation of volatile terpene biosynthesis and glandular trichome development in tomato.
OsMTD2‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is essential for intact pollen‐tube elongation in rice
Authors: Kim Yu‐Jin , Kim Myung‐Hee , Hong Woo‐Jong , Moon Sunok , Kim Sun Tae , Park Soon Ki , Jung Ki‐Hong 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYThe highly specialized haploid male gametophyte—pollen consist of two sperm cells and a large vegetative cell. Successful fertilization requires proper growth timing and rupture of the pollen tube until it delivers sperm cells, which occur immediately after a pollen grain hydrates. Although a tight regulation on polar cell‐wall expansion of the pollen tube is fundamentally important, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown, especially in crop plants. Here, we characterized the function of male‐gene transfer defective 2 (OsMTD2) gene in rice (Oryza sativa), which belongs to the plant‐specific receptor‐like kinase, the CrRLK1L family. We demonstrated that OsMTD2 is an essential male factor participating in pollen‐tube elongation based on genetic evidence and physiological observations. Because of unavailability of homozygous mutant via conventional methods, we used CRISPR‐Cas9 system to obtain homozygous knockout mutant of OsMTD2. We were able to identify phenotypic changes including male sterility due to early pollen‐tube rupture in the mutant. We observed that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was dramatically reduced in mutants of OsMTD2 pollen grain and tubes with defective pectin distribution. Transcriptome analysis of osmtd2‐2 versus wild‐type anthers revealed that genes involved in defense responses, metabolic alteration, transcriptional and protein modification were highly upregulated in the osmtd2‐2 mutant. Through yeast‐two‐hybrid screening, we found that OsMTD2 kinase interacts with E3 ligase SPL11. Taken together, we propose that OsMTD2 has crucial functions in promoting pollen‐tube elongation through cell‐wall modification, possibly by modulating ROS homeostasis during pollen‐tube growth.
Development of methodology and reference intervals for the analysis of the free‐ranging Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus hemolymph
Authors: Arnold Jill E. , Hadfield Catherine A. , Clayton Leigh A. , Cray Carolyn , Jones Darbi , Payton Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Atlantic horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, is valuable to fishing and biomedical industries, for education in public aquaria, and of ecological importance because the eggs provide a critical food source for migratory shorebirds. While hematologic and biochemical analyses are fundamental tools for health assessment, reports are limited for the four extant species of horseshoe crabs; L polyphemus (East Coast North America), Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (mangrove horseshoe crab Southeast Asia), Tachypleus gigas, and Tachypleus tridentatus (Southeast and East Asia).ObjectivesThis prospective study measured hemolymph values to determine RIs from free‐ranging horseshoe crabs during the annual breeding aggregation in Delaware Bay, USA.MethodsNear‐shore animals were briefly manually restrained for hemolymph collection from the cardiac sinus. Hematologic samples (25 males, 25 females) were collected for hemocytometer counts using the Natt and Herrick method. A second set of 50 animals (25 males, 25 females) was sampled for biochemistry measurands, including copper concentration by spectrophotometer, osmolality by vapor pressure osmometer, and protein electrophoresis.ResultsTotal hemocyte counts varied widely (RI 6600‐44 300/µL). Electrolytes were consistent with osmoconformers living in seawater. There was a marked difference in sexes, with females showing much lower protein, glucose, and copper levels. Eleven females had multiple outliers, and all data were excluded from RI calculations.ConclusionsFurther studies of this species outside of spawning season are needed. Expanding our knowledge of horseshoe crab health is important to decreasing morbidity and mortality in research applications and maximizing longevity and overall health in display settings.
The effect of xylazine on intracranial pressure in anesthetized and standing horses
Authors: Reed Rachel A. , Epstein Kira L. , Bramski Jessica H. , Diehl Kathryn A. , Ryan Clare A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of xylazine on intracranial pressure (ICP) in standing compared to isoflurane‐anesthetized horses.DesignProspective, crossover study design.SettingUniversity Teaching Hospital.AnimalsSix adult horses donated to the University. Horses were determined to be healthy via physical examination, complete blood count, and neurological evaluation.InterventionsHorses were anesthetized, maintained on isoflurane in oxygen in left lateral recumbency, and ventilated to normocapnia. Horses were instrumented for intraparenchymal measurement of ICP, invasive blood pressure, pulse oximetry, and end tidal gas analyzer. Xylazine 1 mg/kg was administered IV and ICP, systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic arterial pressure, and heart rate were recorded and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was calculated for the following 15 minutes. Twenty‐four to 36 hours following anesthetic recovery, xylazine 1 mg/kg was administered IV and ICP, heart rate, and Doppler blood pressure (BPdop) on the tail were monitored for 15 minutes.Measurements and Main ResultsThere was a decrease in ICP following administration of xylazine in anesthetized horses (P < 0.003) but not standing horses (P = 0.227). There was an increase in systolic arterial pressure, MAP, diastolic arterial pressure (P < 0.001), and BPdop (P = 0.001) following administration of xylazine. As a result, CPP increased in anesthetized horses (P < 0.03). There was a negative association between ICP and MAP in anesthetized horses (P = 0.007) but not ICP and BPdop conscious horses (P = 0.379).ConclusionsAdministration of xylazine to anesthetized horses resulted in an increased CPP due to decreased ICP with concurrent increased MAP. Administration of xylazine to standing horses did not result in a change in ICP. However, with the increase in BPdop found in awake horses, it is likely that CPP would also increase in awake horses following xylazine administration.