bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of a topical preparation in the basic treatment of chronic hemorrhoids
Authors: Ilkanich A. Ya. , Zubailov K. Z. , Kurbanov S. S. , Aysanov A. A. , Voronin Yu. S. , Matveeva A. S. , Lopatskaya Z. N. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The vast majority of recommendations for conservative treatment of patients with chronic hemorrhoids contain recommendations for the use of systemic drugs with venotonic and angioprotective properties and the use of topical drugs to treat and prevent exacerbation of the disease. The action of the main components of the topical drugs used is aimed at controlling local inflammation, implemented through various mechanisms. The choice of a drug is mainly subjective.Aim of the study. Comparative clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of topical drugs for the treatment of chronic hemorrhoids.Materials and methods. There are two treatment schemes that are distinguished by the type of the drug that is used. The main group includes patients in treatment of whom a combined preparation based on lidocaine and fluocortolone in the form of rectal suppositories manufactured by Bayer (221 (50.6%) patients) was used. In the control group – a combined preparation on the basis of tribenoside and lidocaine in the form of rectal suppositories by Recordati company (216 (49,4%) people). The rate of suppositories administration and duration of their use was 21 days. Clinical efficacy was estimated by the rate of regression of the main clinical manifestations of the disease: bleeding, pain syndrome, discomfort.Results and discussion. By the 14th day of treatment with Bayer preparation, bleeding as the main sign of disease exacerbation persisted in 15.2% (5) of the main patients against 26.7% (8) of the control group patients. Positive effect was obtained in the majority of patients with the initial prevalence of pain syndrome. On the 14th day the pain remained in 17.0% (8) patients of the main group against 27.9% (12) of the control group. Sense of discomfort was preserved in 10% (4) of the main group patients against 15.8% (6) of the control group patients. Regression of combined clinical manifestations of the disease in the comparison groups showed the fastest elimination of inflammation in the main group in 79.4% of patients against 73.0% in the control group on the 14th day of treatment.Conclusions. Thus, the use of Bayer preparation allowed ensuring the regression of the main clinical manifestations of the disease in a shorter time. This drug can be recommended for use in complex treatment of chronic hemorrhoids in everyday clinical practice.
Implementation Of Electronic Money In Developing Payment Transactions Through Islamic Economic Perspective
Authors: Toyyibi Abdul Majid 
Published: January 2021

<p class="StyleIABSSSLatinBoldGray-80">Abstract</p><p class="IABSSS"><strong>Purpose</strong> - By upholding the value of sharia principles economic activities. Electronic money is a financial transaction that is used by the community as a substitute for cash, and ottopay is part of it, to help become a financial intermediary with an electronic system through QR and billers.</p><p class="IABSSS"><strong>Method</strong><strong> </strong>- The research is based on researching ottopay in its transactions by using a descriptive qualitative.</p><p class="IABSSS"><strong>Result</strong><strong> </strong>- From the research method process used in the study resulted in the study that the implementation of ottopay in topping up by filling directly via the bank ATM or through an agent by clicking the wallet menu then top up and following the steps until the confirmation is successful and the balance is ready whenever it can be used.</p><p class="IABSSS"><strong>Implication</strong> - The existence of the Ottopay system is a support for the community to be able to think forward in the world of finance and technology, in addition, ottopay can be used as a business opportunity to provide benefits in the form of added value in the form of turnover that can be owned by merchants and can be used as additional income for the community. </p><p class="IABSSS"><strong>Originality</strong> - The implementation of ottopay between users and publishers and users and merchants is in accordance with the rules of the DSN MUI fatwa, therefore the benefits of the ottopay application can guarantee security, easy and practical use so that people's economic turnaround is faster because it has an electronic digital system.</p>
Quotation/Parenthesis Qur’an Verse Before Beginning Deed In The Structure Of Notary Deed In Sharia Financial Institutions’ Contract
Authors: Usman Sandi Aji , Rasiam Rasiam 
Published: January 2021

<p class="IABSSS"><strong>Purpose</strong> - This research aims to reveal and describe the issue of Islamic financial institutions' contract structure, the practice of the Qur'an quotation/parenthesis in the notary deed structure in Sharia financial institutions ' contract.</p><p class="IABSSS"><strong>Method</strong><strong> </strong>- The method used in this research is normative juridical, with the processing and analysis of data in a qualitative descriptive way, this research data is sourced from secondary data and supported by interviews from sources as supporting data Secondary. The approach is to study with the regulatory approach of legislation.</p><p class="IABSSS"><strong>Result</strong><strong> </strong>- In Islamic Sharia or fatwa is not regulated about the structure of the deed on the deed authentic or under the hands, but which is governed only the principles or basic rules only. Structure of authentic deed made by notary official, especially the deed in financial institution that includes quotation of Qur'an verses using Indonesian language before deed title does not violate the provisions of UUJN.</p><p class="IABSSS"><strong>Implication</strong> - The absence of the form of the standard structure of sharia agreement both for sharia transactions and in particular sharia financial institutions should be the financial Services Authority in collaboration with the organization of Indonesian Notary Association (INI) who is already experts to Making authentic deed in the form of raw in accordance with UUNJ.</p><p class="IABSSS"><strong>Originality</strong> - The focus of this research is to reveal and describe the issue of Islamic financial institutions ' contract structure.</p><p align="center"> </p>
Possibilities of Applying the Thematic Contents of Environmental Education in Ethical Education in Slovakia
Authors: Baďurová Barbora 
Published: January 2021

The text deals with the possibilities of the utilisation of cross-curricular themed Environmental education in the school subject, “Ethical education in Slovakia”, especially in lower secondary education. The text partly stems from work on the project APVV-14-0176 “Didactic Means Facilitating the Implementation of Selected Cross-Curricular Topics in the Teaching of Ethical Education at the Second Level of Primary School”, and offers a brief overview on how the topics of ethical education may overlap with environmental education. To achieve this goal, the first part of the text briefly characterises ethical education in Slovakia, and introduces its key figures and principles, as well as the elements of environmental education in ethical education, and a brief summary of the content of the cross-curricular topic, “Environmental Education in the Current National Curriculum” follow. The suggestions for implementation of environmental education in ethical education in Slovakia, form the last part of the paper, where the author also describes some problem areas of the subjects. The author concludes that it is also possible to apply environmental themes in current ethical education; however, it requires some creativity, critical thinking, suitable teaching materials, and competent, dedicated teachers.
Influence of Coronavirus on Consumer Behaviour in the Ecological Context
Authors: Seberíni Andrea 
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the world as we know it. People are living differently, buying differently and in many ways, thinking differently. This study takes the lead of research by trying to answer the following research question: How does the coronavirus impact consumer behaviour in the ecological context? The paper begins with a presentation of the concept of consumer behaviour, its theoretical background and definition, and then discusses the question of the pandemic and its socio – economic effects on the consumer. Next, the paper presents a study on consumer behaviour in the era of the pandemic. Finally, it analyses the impact of consumer behaviour in the era of the pandemic on the environment.
Effect of instagram and celebrity endorser on purchasing motive of le minerale packaging water with image brand as intervention variables
Authors: Meitridasari Utari , Wahab Zakaria , Isnurhadi Isnurhadi , Widiyanti Marlina 
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to analyze the effect of online marketing methods through Instagram and celebrity endorsers mediated by the brand image on purchase interest consumers of bottled drinking water under the Le Minerale brand produced by PT. Tirta Fresindo Jaya (Mayora Group). The data used are obtained from questionnaires given to respondents who have never been consuming a brand product. The collected data then analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26 software. The results revealed that Instagram has a positive influence on Le Minerale's brand image. However, celebrity endorser does not show a positive influence on mineral water. Through the brand image, Instagram can have a positive influence on consumer buying interest, while the positive influence of celebrity endorser has made consumer purchase is more fantastic directly than currently mediated by brand image.
Impact of Web-Based Sharing and Viewing of Self-Harm–Related Videos and Photographs on Young People: Systematic Review
Authors: Marchant Amanda , Hawton Keith , Burns Lauren , Stewart Anne , John Ann 
Published: January 2021

Background
Given recent moves to remove or blur self-harm imagery or content on the web, it is important to understand the impact of posting, viewing, and reposting self-harm images on young people.

Objective
The aim of this study is to systematically review research related to the emotional and behavioral impact on children and young people who view or share web-based self-harm–related videos or images.

Methods
We searched databases (including Embase, PsychINFO, and MEDLINE) from January 1991 to February 2019. Search terms were categorized into internet use, images nonspecific and specific to the internet, and self-harm and suicide. Stepwise screening against specified criteria and data extraction were completed by two independent reviewers. Eligible articles were quality assessed, and a narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results
A total of 19 independent studies (20 articles) were included. Of these, 4 studies focused on images, 10 (11 articles) on videos, and 5 on both. There were 4 quantitative, 9 qualitative, and 7 mixed methods articles. In total, 11 articles were rated as high quality. There has been an increase in graphic self-harm imagery over time. Potentially harmful content congregated on platforms with little moderation, anonymity, and easy search functions for images. A range of reactions and intentions were reported in relation to posting or viewing images of self-harm: from empathy, a sense of solidarity, and the use of images to give or receive help to potentially harmful ones suggesting new methods, normalization, and exacerbation of self-harm. Viewing images as an alternative to self-harm or a creative outlet were regarded in 2 studies as positive impacts. Reactions of anger, hostility, and ambivalence have been reported. There was some evidence of the role of imitation and reinforcement, driven partly by the number of comments and wound severity, but this was not supported by time series analyses.

Conclusions
Although the results of this review support concern related to safety and exacerbation of self-harm through viewing images of self-harm, there may be potential for positive impacts in some of those exposed. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness and potential harms of current posting restrictions, incorporate user perspectives, and develop recovery-oriented content. Clinicians assessing distressed young people should ask about internet use, including access to self-harm images, as part of their assessment.
Improving Efficiency of Clinical Studies Using a Total Digital Approach: Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Schenck-Gustafsson Karin , Carnlöf Carina , Jensen-Urstad Mats , Insulander Per 
Published: January 2021

Background
In general, most clinical studies have long recruitment periods. Signing the informed consent is particularly time-consuming when the participant must meet physically with the researchers. Therefore, introducing fully web-based techniques with the use of eAuthentication (BankID) and new digital electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring could speed up inclusion time, increase adherence, and also reach out to more remote regions.

Objective
The objectives of this study were to explore whether inclusion of a large number of participants could be realized quickly by using a total digital approach both for information and signing of informed consent, along with ECG monitoring and instant feedback on a mobile device. We also explored whether this approach can increase adherence in registration of ECG recordings and answering questionnaires, and if it would result in a more geographically uniform distribution of participants covering a wide age span.

Methods
Women with palpitations were intensively studied over 2 months by means of a handheld ECG monitoring device (Coala Heart Monitor). The device connects to a smartphone or tablet, which allows the participants to obtain the results immediately. Recruitment, study information, and signing the informed consent form with the help of BankID were performed in a completely digital manner.

Results
Between March and May 2018, 2424 women indicated their interest in participating in the study. On June 19, 2018, presumptive participants were invited to log in and register. After 25 days, 1082 women were included in the study; among these, 1020 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 913 of whom completed all phases of the study: recording ECG using the handheld device, completion of the prestudy questionnaires, and completion of the poststudy questionnaires 2 months after the ECG recordings. The dropout rate was 9%. In total, 101,804 ECG recordings were made. The mean age was 56 (SD 11) years (range 21-88 years) and 35 participants were 75 years or older. The participants were evenly distributed between living in the countryside and in cities.

Conclusions
Total digital inclusion recruitment of 1082 participants was achieved in only 25 days, and resulted in a good geographical distribution, excellent adherence, and ability to reach a vast age span, including elderly women. Studies using a total digital design would be particularly appealing during a pandemic since physical contact should be avoided as much as possible.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN22495299; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN22495299
Regional Resource Assessment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Modeling Study
Authors: Guzzi Pietro H , Tradigo Giuseppe , Veltri Pierangelo 
Published: January 2021

Background
COVID-19 has been declared a worldwide emergency and a pandemic by the World Health Organization. It started in China in December 2019, and it rapidly spread throughout Italy, which was the most affected country after China. The pandemic affected all countries with similarly negative effects on the population and health care structures.

Objective
The evolution of the COVID-19 infections and the way such a phenomenon can be characterized in terms of resources and planning has to be considered. One of the most critical resources has been intensive care units (ICUs) with respect to the infection trend and critical hospitalization.

Methods
We propose a model to estimate the needed number of places in ICUs during the most acute phase of the infection. We also define a scalable geographic model to plan emergency and future management of patients with COVID-19 by planning their reallocation in health structures of other regions.

Results
We applied and assessed the prediction method both at the national and regional levels. ICU bed prediction was tested with respect to real data provided by the Italian government. We showed that our model is able to predict, with a reliable error in terms of resource complexity, estimation parameters used in health care structures. In addition, the proposed method is scalable at different geographic levels. This is relevant for pandemics such as COVID-19, which has shown different case incidences even among northern and southern Italian regions.

Conclusions
Our contribution can be useful for decision makers to plan resources to guarantee patient management, but it can also be considered as a reference model for potential upcoming waves of COVID-19 and similar emergency situations.
Recruitment of Participants for a 3D Virtual Supermarket: Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Hoenink Jody C , Mackenbach Joreintje D , van der Laan Laura Nynke , Lakerveld Jeroen , Waterlander Wilma , Beulens Joline W J 
Published: January 2021

Background
Virtual supermarkets offer a practical and affordable setting to test the efficacy of different pricing and nudging strategies before they are implemented in the real world. Despite the advantages of using virtual supermarkets for this purpose, conducting studies in online settings is challenging with regard to recruitment and retention of sufficient and suitable participants.

Objective
To describe cost, time, and retention with regard to participants recruited using various strategies and potential sociodemographic differences between participants recruited via different strategies.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from a randomized controlled trial in which 455 Dutch adults with low and high educational levels were invited to shop 5 times in a 3D virtual supermarket. Participants were recruited via social media and flyers. A log that tracked the costs of and time spent on the different recruitment strategies was kept by the study team. Outcome measures included the cost of recruitment strategies, the time investment by researchers, and recruitment and attrition rates of participants in the study.

Results
The median age of study completers was 31.0 (IQR 25.0) and 157 out of 346 study completers (45.4%) were highly educated. Out of the 455 included participants, 235 (51.6%) were recruited via social media campaigns, 131 (28.8%) via home-delivered flyers, 38 (8.4%) via flyers directly distributed by the study team, and 46 (10.1%) via word-of-mouth. Of all paid recruitment strategies, social media campaigns were the cheapest and least time-consuming, whereas the distribution of flyers by the study team was the most expensive and time-consuming recruitment strategy. Age, sex, overweight status, employment situation, and number of adults within the household varied by recruitment strategy.

Conclusions
Using different recruitment strategies resulted in the efficient recruitment of a representative study sample and retention of participants was relatively high. While “word-of-mouth” was the most cost- and time-effective recruitment strategy, using only one type of recruitment strategy could result in a demographically skewed study population.
Toward a Multivariate Prediction Model of Pharmacological Treatment for Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Velardo Carmelo , Clifton David , Hamblin Steven , Khan Rabia , Tarassenko Lionel , Mackillop Lucy 
Published: January 2021

Background
Successful management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) reduces the risk of morbidity in women and newborns. A woman’s blood glucose readings and risk factors are used by clinical staff to make decisions regarding the initiation of pharmacological treatment in women with GDM. Mobile health (mHealth) solutions allow the real-time follow-up of women with GDM and allow timely treatment and management. Machine learning offers the opportunity to quickly analyze large quantities of data to automatically flag women at risk of requiring pharmacological treatment.

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess whether data collected through an mHealth system can be analyzed to automatically evaluate the switch to pharmacological treatment from diet-based management of GDM.

Methods
We collected data from 3029 patients to design a machine learning model that can identify when a woman with GDM needs to switch to medications (insulin or metformin) by analyzing the data related to blood glucose and other risk factors.

Results
Through the analysis of 411,785 blood glucose readings, we designed a machine learning model that can predict the timing of initiation of pharmacological treatment. After 100 experimental repetitions, we obtained an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (SD 0.02) and an algorithm that allows the flexibility of setting the operating point rather than relying on a static heuristic method, which is currently used in clinical practice.

Conclusions
Using real-time data collected via an mHealth system may further improve the timeliness of the intervention and potentially improve patient care. Further real-time clinical testing will enable the validation of our algorithm using real-world data.
A Relaxation App (HeartBot) for Stress and Emotional Well-Being Over a 21-Day Challenge: Randomized Survey Study
Authors: Iyer Laya , Iyer Ranjani B , Kumar Vetriliaa 
Published: January 2021

Background
HeartBot is an app designed to enable people 14 years and older to use relaxation tools offered by Heartfulness Institute to deal with daily stress and anxiety in a healthy, productive manner. These tools have proven effective in stress management and mental wellness when administered in a controlled environment by a certified proctor.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the app’s effectiveness and evaluate the implementation of the tools.

Methods
In this study, 88 participants were recruited and randomly sorted into 2 groups, the HeartBot intervention group (n=46) and the waitlist control group (n=42). Pre- and postsurveys measured participants’ stress levels using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and their social-emotional well-being using the EPOCH (Engagement, Perseverance, Optimism, Connectedness, and Happiness) Measure of Adolescent Well-Being before and after they used the app for 21 days for 30 minutes every day.

Results
The study received institutional review board approval on August 18, 2019. Participant recruitment lasted from the approval date until September 30, 2019. The 21-day challenge started on October 1, 2019. Of the 135 people who signed up, 88 completed the study. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean PSS scores before and after the intervention (from 18.3 to 7.89; P<.001). The paired Wilcoxon rank sum test on the EPOCH scores indicated a significant difference in the medians of the total scores (W=411.5, P<.001).

Conclusions
Evidence from this study shows that HeartBot is an effective app that can be used to manage stress and improve positive characteristics of emotional wellness. Future research and widespread usage of the app under this study are encouraged based on this preliminary evidence of its effectiveness.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04589520; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04589520