bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
667 Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection Within 48 Hours Post-Scald Burn: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Meza Luis E , Rehou Sarah , Grotski Courtney H , Shahrohki Shahriar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
We report a case of a patient with a burn injury who developed a devastating necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) early in the post-burn period.

Methods
An elderly male was admitted to an ABA verified burn centre after sustaining a 20% scald burn to his back and right upper extremity. He was found in the bathtub; a fall was suspected based on his history of Parkinson’s disease and a finding of bruising to his bilateral knees. Initially, his hospital course was uneventful apart from an elevated creatine kinase, which decreased with adequate resuscitation without signs or symptoms of compartment syndrome. Thirty-six hours following his admission, he developed rapid onset of progressively worsening renal function, respiratory requiring intubation, mechanical ventilation, and circulatory failure requiring vasopressor support. After ruling out other causes of shock and upon re-examination of his burns there were clinical signs of a rapidly advancing necrotizing soft tissue infection. He was taken urgently to the operating room for aggressive debridement of nonviable tissue. He underwent a right shoulder disarticulation and extensive debridement of the right chest, abdomen, and back. Intra-operative tissue samples and preoperative blood cultures were positive for Group A Streptococcus. The patient was predicted to require multiple operations and a prolonged hospital stay. Despite these interventions, his prognosis was poor. The family and the treatment team, in the context of the patient’s previous independent functioning, revised his goals of care on his first post-operative day. Life-sustaining treatment was withdrawn, and comfort care measures were implemented. The patient passed away two days later.

Results
We report a case of a patient with a burn injury who developed a devastating NSTI early in the post-burn period within 36–48 hours of presentation to a burn center. Soft-tissue infections in the immediate post-burn period are rare unless there is subsequent contamination. Burned tissue contains a large amount of necrotic tissue and protein-rich wound exudate, which provides a rich growth medium for bacteria. This, in addition to the immunosuppression secondary to the burn insult, favors the development of infection. NSTI in the context of thermal injury is a rare phenomenon and in the few reported cases in burn patients, necrotizing infections occurred closer to two weeks following the initial injury.

Conclusions
Necrotizing soft tissue infections are entities with a rapid and devastating course. The diagnosis is challenging, and occlusive dressings may contribute to a delay in diagnosis in burns. Acute hemodynamic compromise without any obvious cause should raise the suspicion for a necrotizing soft tissue infection and lead to early exposure of wounds in burn patients.
673 Effect of Subcutaneous Topical Ozone Therapy on Second Degree Burn Wounds in Rats: An Experimental Study
Authors: Karakaya Emre , Akdur Aydincan , Ebru H , Soy Ayvazoglu , Atilgan Alev Ok , Ozer Eda Ozturan , Haberal Mehmet 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Burn is one of the most severe traumas that causes coagulative destruction of the skin. The use of various products that accelerate wound healing in patients with burn may affect the patient’s survival and reduce the complications that may be seen. In the present study we aimed effects of subcutaneous ozone injection on second degree burn wound.

Methods
A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley male rats included in the study were divided randomly into three groups (control group (CG), silver sulfadiazine group (SG), ozone group (OG)) and each group was divided randomly two subgroups (as sacrificed on d7 and on d14).A deep second degree scald burns were created on the lower back. In CG subcutaneous 0.9% serum saline was injected daily into the burn area. In SG, burns were dressed with silver sulfadiazine daily and in OG subcutaneous ozone was injected daily into the burn area. Tissue hydroxyproline level measurement and histopathological evaluation were done.

Results
When the groups were compared in terms of weight change, no significant difference was found on the 7th and 14th days. In the evaluation made in terms of tissue hydroxyproline, tissue hydroxyproline level in OG was found to be significantly higher on both the 7th and 14th days (p &lt; 0.001). In histopathological evaluations, it was determined that wound healing in OG was significantly higher than in the other groups.

Conclusions
According to the results, subcutaneous ozone therapy is more effective than silver sulphadiazine in the healing process of second-degree burn wounds and it can be safely used in the treatment of burn wounds.
Dark energy survey year 3 results: weak lensing shape catalogue
Authors: Gatti M , Sheldon E , Amon A , Becker M , Troxel M , Choi A , Doux C , MacCrann N , Navarro-Alsina A , Harrison I , Gruen D , Bernstein G , Jarvis M , Secco L F , Ferté A , Shin T , McCullough J , Rollins R P , Chen R , Chang C , Pandey S , Tutusaus I , Prat J , Elvin-Poole J , Sanchez C , Plazas A A , Roodman A , Zuntz J , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Allam S , Annis J , Avila S , Bacon D , Bertin E , Bhargava S , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Conselice C , Costanzi M , Crocce M , da Costa L N , Davis T M , De Vicente J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Dietrich J P , Doel P , Drlica-Wagner A , Eckert K , Everett S , Ferrero I , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gerdes D W , Giannantonio T , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hartley W G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , Hoyle B , Huff E M , Huterer D , Jain B , James D J , Jeltema T , Krause E , Kron R , Kuropatkin N , Lima M , Maia M A G , Marshall J L , Miquel R , Morgan R , Myles J , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Rykoff E S , Samuroff S , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , To C , Tucker D L , Varga T N , Wechsler R H , Weller J , Wester W , Wilkinson R D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present and characterize the galaxy shape catalogue from the first 3 yr of Dark Energy Survey (DES) observations, over an effective area of 4143 deg2 of the southern sky. We describe our data analysis process and our self-calibrating shear measurement pipeline metacalibration, which builds and improves upon the pipeline used in the DES Year 1 analysis in several aspects. The DES Year 3 weak-lensing shape catalogue consists of 100 204 026 galaxies, measured in the riz bands, resulting in a weighted source number density of neff = 5.59 gal arcmin−2 and corresponding shape noise σe = 0.261. We perform a battery of internal null tests on the catalogue, including tests on systematics related to the point spread function (PSF) modelling, spurious catalogue B-mode signals, catalogue contamination, and galaxy properties.
The dust mass in Cassiopeia A from infrared and optical line flux differences
Authors: Niculescu-Duvaz Maria , Barlow M J , Bevan A , Milisavljevic D , De Looze I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The large quantities of dust that have been found in a number of high-redshift galaxies have led to suggestions that core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are the main sources of their dust and have motivated the measurement of the dust masses formed by local CCSNe. For Cassiopeia A (Cas A), an oxygen-rich remnant of a Type IIb CCSN, a dust mass of 0.6–1.1 M⊙ has already been determined by two different methods, namely (a) from its far-infrared spectral energy distribution and (b) from analysis of the red–blue emission line asymmetries in its integrated optical spectrum. We present a third, independent, method for determining the mass of dust contained within Cas A. This compares the relative fluxes measured in similar apertures from [O iii] far-infrared and visual-region emission lines, taking into account foreground dust extinction, in order to determine internal dust optical depths, from which corresponding dust masses can be obtained. Using this method, we determine a dust mass within Cas A of at least 0.99$^{+0.10}_{-0.09}$ M⊙.
Thermal formaldehyde emission in NGC 7538 IRS 1
Authors: Shuvo Onic I , Araya E D , Tan W S , Hofner P , Kurtz S , Pihlström Y M , Hoffman I M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Spectral lines from formaldehyde (H2CO) molecules at cm wavelengths are typically detected in absorption and trace a broad range of environments, from diffuse gas to giant molecular clouds. In contrast, thermal emission of formaldehyde lines at cm wavelengths is rare. In previous observations with the 100 m Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT), we detected 2 cm formaldehyde emission towards NGC 7538 IRS1 – a high-mass protostellar object in a prominent star-forming region of our Galaxy. We present further GBT observations of the 2 and 1 cm H2CO lines to investigate the nature of the 2 cm H2CO emission. We conducted observations to constrain the angular size of the 2 cm emission region based on a East–West and North–South cross-scan map. Gaussian fits of the spatial distribution in the East–West direction show a deconvolved size (at half maximum) of the 2 cm emission of 50 arcsec ± 8 arcsec. The 1 cm H2CO observations revealed emission superimposed on a weak absorption feature. A non-LTE radiative transfer analysis shows that the H2CO emission is consistent with quasi-thermal radiation from dense gas (${\sim}10^5$–$10^6$ cm−3). We also report detection of four transitions of CH3OH (12.2, 26.8, 28.3, 28.9 GHz), the (8,8) transition of NH3 (26.5 GHz), and a cross-scan map of the 13 GHz SO line that shows extended emission (&gt;50 arcsec).
Low resistance but high resilience to drought of flushing Norway spruce seedlings
Authors: Hájíčková Martina , Plichta Roman , Urban Josef , Volařík Daniel , Gebauer Roman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Spring drought episodes are becoming more frequent and intensive in European temperate forests. To study tree resilience to spring drought, Norway spruce seedlings were exposed to three levels of drought stress (well-watered (W), moderately stressed (M) and severely stressed (S)) for 42 days and then fully irrigated for 14 days. Drought strongly reduced gas exchange parameters for both M and S seedlings. After 42 days, stomatal conductance was lower by 83 and 97% in M and S, respectively, than in W seedlings. Respiration prevailed over photosynthesis in S seedlings at the end of the drought period. Drought mostly reduced longitudinal growth, especially in shoots and needles. Xylem growth reduction was caused mainly by a lower number of newly produced tracheids, not by changes in their size. Norway spruce seedlings showed good resilience to spring drought, as the observed physiological parameters started to recover after rewatering and seedlings started to sprout and form new tracheids. In M seedlings, all physiological traits recovered to the level of W seedlings during the 14-day irrigation period but the recovery took longer in S seedlings. Shoots and needles did not regrow in length but leaf mass per area increased during the recovery phase. To conclude, Norway spruce seedlings showed good resilience to spring single-drought event, but time necessary to full recovery from stress could make seedlings more vulnerable to recurrent drought events.
Transgender surgery – Knowledge gap among physicians impacting patient care
Authors: Mani Vishnu R. , Valdivieso Sebastian C. , Hanandeh Adel , Kalabin Aleksandr , Ramcharan Alexius , Donaldson Brian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Transgender surgeries are increasingly performed across the globe and in the United States. Although comprehensive centers exist, which are well equipped to cater and tailor to the needs of this population subset, quite often their resultant complications are handled at a different institution owing to the acuity of the condition. However, interestingly the psychosocial needs, medical pathophysiology, available surgical procedures, and their resultant complications are still not a part of the regular medical curriculum. This translates into inadequate care when physicians from vast majority of institutions that do not routinely perform transgender surgery encounter these patients with complications from gender-affirming surgeries. We present a case of a patient who underwent complex multiple gender-affirming surgeries, presenting to our emergency department with an acute abdomen; this resulted in a diagnostic and management dilemma and review of brief pertinent literature. We recommend that transgender medicine and its basics needs should be exposed to currently practicing physicians by continuing medical education, trainees and medical students alike via incorporation into their curriculum, to decrease health disparities among the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer community.
In vivo photobleaching kinetics and epithelial biodistribution of hexylaminolevulinate-induced protoporphyrin IX in rat bladder cancer
Authors: El Khatib Sami 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In a previous paper, we showed that rat bladder instillations with 8 or 16 mM of hexyl aminolevulinate (hALA) result in diametrically opposed photodynamic therapy efficiency. Although the same fluorescent intensities were detected spectroscopically and by fluorescent microscopy in both conditions, while a given light dose resulted in tumor necrosis with an intact bladder wall after 8 mM hALA, bladders instilled with 16 mM showed total wall necrosis without impact on the tumor. The current study investigated the photobleaching and localization pattern of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) after both hALA intravesical instillations in tumor-bearing rat bladders. The total PpIX content was evaluated by the extraction of postmortem whole bladders. Photobleaching was evaluated in vivo by fluorescent spectroscopy. Cryosections of bladders were subjected to fluorescent microscopy for cellular localization of the photosensitizer. PpIX extraction showed identical amounts of photosensitizer in tumor-bearing bladders at both concentrations. Photobleaching experiments revealed mono-exponential decay curves in both situations but with a two times faster decay constant in 16 mM bladders. Fluorescent microscopy showed an identical fluorescent pattern for normal bladders at both concentrations and tumor bladders at 8 mM with bright spots. Tumor bladders at 16 mM exhibited a more diffuse cytoplasmatic fluorescent distribution. The different response to photodynamic therapy with regard to the initial pro-drug concentration can thus be attributed to the different cellular localizations.
Childhood Maltreatment and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Findings From the General Population
Authors: Spitzer Carsten , Lübke Laura , Klinger-König Johanna , Frenzel Stefan , Schminke Ulf , Völzke Henry , Grabe Hans Jörgen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
Evidence suggests that childhood maltreatment (CM) is cross-sectionally and prospectively associated with cardiovascular disease. However, its association with proxy markers of atherosclerosis has hardly been investigated. Thus, in this general population study, we examined the association of CM with carotid plaque and intima-media thickness.

Methods
Adults from the general population free of any cardiovascular disease (n = 1909; mean [SD] age = 50.4 (13.6) years, 53.9% women) completed the self-report Childhood Trauma Questionnaire for the assessment of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse as well as emotional and physical neglect; in addition, an ultrasound of the carotid arteries was performed in each participant.

Results
At least one type of CM was reported by 25% of the participants. Carotid plaque was significantly more frequent in those with CM compared with those without (odds ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.19–1.81). Accounting for age and sex rendered it nonsignificant (odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = 0.81–1.42). Emotional abuse and physical neglect were significantly associated with both carotid intima-media thickness and plaque occurrence, but these associations were fully explained by risk factors. Neither sexual nor physical abuse was related to proxy markers of atherosclerosis.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the relationship between CM types and subclinical atherosclerosis as well as its clinical end points is complex and remains inconclusive, suggesting the need for further research.
Short-term antibody response and tolerability after one dose of BNT162b2 vaccine in patients receiving hemodialysis: A report from the Quebec Renal Network COVID-19 study
Authors: Goupil Rémi , Benlarbi Mehdi , Beaubien-Souligny William , Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire , Chatterjee Debashree , Goyette Guillaume , Lamarche Caroline , Tom Alexander , Finzi Andrés , Suri Rita S. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients receiving in-center hemodialysis (HD) are at high risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality, and response to vaccination is uncertain.MethodsWe obtained serial plasma from 58 HD patients and 32 health-care workers (HCW) before and after vaccination with one dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine; as well as convalescent plasma from 11 HD patients who survived COVID-19. Anti-RBD (region binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein) IgG and IgM levels were measured by ELISA. Groups were stratified by evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsIn HD patients without prior SARS-CoV-2, antiRBD levels were significantly lower at 4 and 8 weeks after vaccination, compared to in HCWs after 3 weeks (p<0.001), and to convalescent plasma (p=0.002). Anti-RBD IgG was non-detectable in 29/46 (63%) of HD, compared to 1/16 (6%) of HCWs (p<0.0001). No patient with non-detectable levels at 4 weeks developed antiRBD by 8 weeks. In HD patients with prior SARS-CoV-2, mean 8-week anti-RBD IgG levels were similar to controls at 3 weeks (p=0.16), and to convalescent plasma (p=0.45). No patients reported symptoms 7 days after vaccination on a standardized questionnaire.InterpretationWhile the BNT162b2 vaccine was well-tolerated in hemodialysis patients, a single dose failed to elicit a humoral immune response in the majority of SARS-CoV-2 naïve patients even after prolonged observation. In those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, the humoral response after vaccination was delayed. Whether HD patients develop T-cell responses requires further study. Until then, we advise the second dose be administered to all HD patients at the recommended 3-week time interval, and that rigorous SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control measures be continued in dialysis units until vaccine efficacy is proven.
Novel insights into joint estimations of demography, mutation rate, and selection using UV sex chromosomes
Authors: Carey Sarah B. , Peniston James H. , Payton Adam C. , Kim Min , Lipzen Anna , Bauer Diane , Lail Kathleen , Daum Chris , Barry Kerrie , Jenkins Jerry , Grimwood Jane , Schmutz Jeremy , McDaniel Stuart F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA central goal in evolutionary genomics is to understand the processes that shape genetic variation in natural populations. In anisogamous species, these processes may generate asymmetries between genes transmitted through sperm or eggs. The unique inheritance of sex chromosomes facilitates studying such asymmetries, but in many systems sex-biased mutation, demography, and selection are confounded with suppressed recombination in only one sex (the W in females, or the Y in males). However, in a UV sex-determination system, both sex chromosomes are sex-specific and experience suppressed recombination. Here we built a spatially-structured simulation to examine the effects of population density and sex-ratio on female and male effective population size in haploids and compare the results to polymorphism data from whole-genome resequencing of the mossCeratodon purpureus. In the parameter space we simulated, males nearly always had a lower effective population size than females. Using theC. purpureusresequencing data, we found the U and V have lower nucleotide diversity than the autosomal mean, and the V is much lower than the U, however, we found no parameter set in the model that explained both the U/V and U/autosome ratios we observed. We next used standard molecular evolutionary analyses to test for sex-biased mutation and selection. We found that males had a higher mutation rate but that natural selection shapes variation on the UV sex chromosomes. All together the moss system highlights how anisogamy alone can exert a profound influence on genome-wide patterns of molecular evolution.
Chromatin accessibility changes induced by the microbial metabolite butyrate reveal possible mechanisms of anti-cancer effects
Authors: Durrant Matthew G. , Fremin Brayon J. , Rao Abhiram , Cribas Emily , Montgomery Stephen , Bhatt Ami S. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryButyrate is a four-carbon fatty acid produced in large quantities by bacteria found in the human gut. It is the major source of colonic epithelial cell energy, can bind to and agonize short-chain fatty acid G-protein coupled receptors and functions as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Anti-cancer effects of butyrate are attributed to a global increase in histone acetylation in colon cancer cells; however, the role that corresponding chromatin remodeling plays in this effect is not fully understood. We used longitudinal paired ATAC-seq and RNA-seq on HCT-116 colon cancer cells to determine how butyrate-related chromatin changes functionally associate with cancer. We detected distinct temporal changes in chromatin accessibility in response to butyrate with less accessible regions enriched in transcription factor binding motifs and distal enhancers. These regions significantly overlapped with regions maintained by the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler, and were further enriched amongst chromatin regions that are associated with ARID1A/B synthetic lethality. Finally, we found that butyrate-induced chromatin regions were enriched for both colorectal cancer GWAS loci and somatic mutations in cancer. These results demonstrate the convergence of both somatic mutations and GWAS risk variants for colon cancer within butyrate-responsive chromatin regions, providing a molecular map of the mechanisms by which this microbial metabolite might confer anti-cancer properties.HighlightsChromatin accessibility changes longitudinally upon butyrate exposure in colon cancer cells.Chromatin regions that close in response to butyrate are enriched among distal enhancers.There is strong overlap between butyrate-induced peaks and peaks associated with SWI/SNF synthetic lethality.Butyrate-induced peaks are enriched for colorectal cancer GWAS loci and somatic variation in colorectal cancer.