bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast Activation Protein α-Targeted CD40 Agonism Abrogates Systemic Toxicity and Enables Administration of High Doses to Induce Effective Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Sum Eva , Rapp Moritz , Fröbel Philipp , Le Clech Marine , Dürr Harald , Giusti Anna Maria , Perro Mario , Speziale Dario , Kunz Leo , Menietti Elena , Brünker Peter , Hopfer Ulrike , Lechmann Martin , Sobieniecki Andrzej , Appelt Birte , Adelfio Roberto , Nicolini Valeria , Freimoser-Grundschober Anne , Jordaan Whitney , Labiano Sara , Weber Felix , Emrich Thomas , Christen François , Essig Birgit , Romero Pedro , Trumpfheller Christine , Umaña Pablo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
CD40 agonists hold great promise for cancer immunotherapy (CIT) as they enhance dendritic cell (DC) activation and concomitant tumor-specific T-cell priming. However, the broad expression of CD40 accounts for sink and side effects, hampering the efficacy of anti-CD40 antibodies. We hypothesized that these limitations can be overcome by selectively targeting CD40 agonism to the tumor. Therefore, we developed a bispecific FAP-CD40 antibody, which induces CD40 stimulation solely in presence of fibroblast activation protein α (FAP), a protease specifically expressed in the tumor stroma.

Experimental Design:
FAP-CD40's in vitro activity and FAP specificity were validated by antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation and T-cell priming assays. In addition, FAP-CD40 was tested in subcutaneous MC38-FAP and KPC-4662-huCEA murine tumor models.

Results:
FAP-CD40 triggered a potent, strictly FAP-dependent CD40 stimulation in vitro. In vivo, FAP-CD40 strongly enhanced T-cell inflammation and growth inhibition of KPC-4662-huCEA tumors. Unlike nontargeted CD40 agonists, FAP-CD40 mediated complete regression of MC38-FAP tumors, entailing long-term protection. A high dose of FAP-CD40 was indispensable for these effects. While nontargeted CD40 agonists induced substantial side effects, highly dosed FAP-CD40 was well tolerated. FAP-CD40 preferentially accumulated in the tumor, inducing predominantly intratumoral immune activation, whereas nontargeted CD40 agonists displayed strong systemic but limited intratumoral effects.

Conclusions:
FAP-CD40 abrogates the systemic toxicity associated with nontargeted CD40 agonists. This enables administration of high doses, essential for overcoming CD40 sink effects and inducing antitumor immunity. Consequently, FAP-targeted CD40 agonism represents a promising strategy to exploit the full potential of CD40 signaling for CIT.
Parasitic infection in captive wild mammals and birds in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain M. Najmul , Dey Anita Rani , Begum Nurjahan , Farjan Thahsin 
Published: March 2021

We investigated the infection rate of gastrointestinal (GI) parasite eggs and premature stages from different wild animals and birds in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park, Dulahazra, Cox’s Bazar. A total of 56 fecal samples were collected from 24 species during July to November 2012 using modified Stoll’s ova dilution technique. Coprology analysis revealed that the overall rate of parasitic infection was 78.6%, of which 51.8% were helminths and 35.7% protozoa. The identified parasites were Paramphistomum spp. (7.1%), Fasciola spp. (5.4%), strongyles (26.8%), Ascaris spp. (3.6%), Strongyloides spp. (7.1%), Dictyocaulus spp. (5.4%), Trichuris spp. (3.6%), Capillaria spp. (5.4%), Heterakis spp. (3.6%), and Balantidium coli (35.7%). Mixed infection (21.4%) was observed in nine animals, including co-infection with Balantidium coli and strongyles in Tiger Panthera tigris, Sambar Deer Rusa unicolor and Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca nemestrina, Strongyloides spp., Trichuris spp. and larvae of Dictyocaulus spp. in Capped Langur Trachypithecus pileatus, Balantidium coli and Capillaria spp. in Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa, Fasciola spp. and Balantidium coli in Spotted Deer Axis axis, Ascaris spp. and strongyles in African Elephant Loxodonta africana, Strongyloides spp. and Heterakis spp. in Peafowl Pavo cristatus and Heterakis spp. and strongyles co-infection in Great Pied Hornbill Buceros bicornis. It is concluded that GI parasites were prevalent in this safari park. Further epidemiological investigation is necessary for controlling parasitic infection.
A novel dynamic network imaging analysis method reveals aging-related fragmentation of cortical networks in mouse
Authors: Llano Daniel A. , Ma Chihua , Di Fabrizio Umberto , Taheri Aynaz , Stebbings Kevin A. , Yudintsev Georgiy , Xiao Gang , Kenyon Robert V. , Berger-Wolf Tanya Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNetwork analysis of large-scale neuroimaging data is a particularly challenging computational problem. Here, we adapt a novel analytical tool, the community dynamic inference method (CommDy), for brain imaging data from young and aged mice. CommDy, which was inspired by social network theory, has been successfully used in other domains in biology; this report represents its first use in neuroscience. We used CommDy to investigate aging-related changes in network metrics in the auditory and motor cortices by using flavoprotein autofluorescence imaging in brain slices and in vivo. We observed that auditory cortical networks in slices taken from aged brains were highly fragmented compared to networks observed in young animals. CommDy network metrics were then used to build a random-forests classifier based on NMDA receptor blockade data, which successfully reproduced the aging findings, suggesting that the excitatory cortical connections may be altered during aging. A similar aging-related decline in network connectivity was also observed in spontaneous activity in the awake motor cortex, suggesting that the findings in the auditory cortex reflect general mechanisms during aging. These data suggest that CommDy provides a new dynamic network analytical tool to study the brain and that aging is associated with fragmentation of intracortical networks.
A morphospace of functional configuration to assess configural
breadth based on brain functional networks
Authors: Duong-Tran Duy , Abbas Kausar , Amico Enrico , Corominas-Murtra Bernat , Dzemidzic Mario , Kareken David , Ventresca Mario , Goñi Joaquín 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The quantification of human brain functional (re)configurations across varying cognitive demands remains an unresolved topic. We propose that such functional configurations may be categorized into three different types: (a) network configural breadth, (b) task-to task transitional reconfiguration, and (c) within-task reconfiguration. Such functional reconfigurations are rather subtle at the whole-brain level. Hence, we propose a mesoscopic framework focused on functional networks (FNs) or communities to quantify functional (re)configurations. To do so, we introduce a 2D network morphospace that relies on two novel mesoscopic metrics, trapping efficiency (TE) and exit entropy (EE), which capture topology and integration of information within and between a reference set of FNs. We use this framework to quantify the network configural breadth across different tasks. We show that the metrics defining this morphospace can differentiate FNs, cognitive tasks, and subjects. We also show that network configural breadth significantly predicts behavioral measures, such as episodic memory, verbal episodic memory, fluid intelligence, and general intelligence. In essence, we put forth a framework to explore the cognitive space in a comprehensive manner, for each individual separately, and at different levels of granularity. This tool that can also quantify the FN reconfigurations that result from the brain switching between mental states.
“Unable to Dismiss Them”: Re-assessing the Jewish “Court Bankers” of Abbasid Baghdad, 908–932
Authors: Grayson Jennifer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Economic historians describe the emergence of Jewish court bankers presiding over a central state bank in Abbasid Baghdad as significant for the global history of finance. This paper, however, re-evaluates these figures in light of new insights about court cultures and institutions in the medieval Islamicate world. It argues that they should be understood primarily as middlemen in tax collection. They performed favors for individual viziers, but likely never held official titles or appointments at al-Muqtadir’s court. Rather, it was precisely their outsider status relative to elite Abbasid social networks that accounts for the longevity of their careers.
Pirates and Pilgrims: The Plunder of the Ganj-i Sawai, the Hajj, and a Mughal Captain’s Perspective
Authors: Kynn Tyler Joseph 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The pirate attack by Henry Every in 1695 on a Mughal ship carrying travelers returning from pilgrimage to Mecca has received some attention by historians trying to fit this incident into a larger history of European piracy using mainly the English sources related to the incident. Drawing from this literature the aim of the present paper is to combine it with the Mughal Persian material available to demonstrate what this incident reveals about the early modern hajj – which is to say, pilgrimage to Mecca – and the makeup of the Mughal-sponsored ship carrying pilgrims and goods between Mecca and Surat. A previously unstudied Mughal letter related to the incident, by the captain of the Mughal ship in question, reveals the ways in which the Mughal Empire understood this encounter with European piracy and provides evidence for why the Mughal Empire was so quick to place the blame for this attack upon the English and the East India Company.
Calculators in Divinity: Henry Savile and Thomas Bradwardine
Authors: Mandelbrote Scott 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This essay discusses the immediate context and form of the publication of Henry Savile’s edition of Thomas Bradwardine’s De causa Dei (1618). It sets out the political and theological significance of the work in relation to publications of the King’s Printers, the Synod of Dort, and the activities of Archbishop Abbot. It moves on to consider how the edition was made, resituating it in Oxford intellectual life of the early 1610s and in the broader world of theological controversy, and identifying some of those who conceived and assisted with the work. It considers which manuscripts were used in making the edition.
Historical Criticism, Confessional Controversy, and Self-Censorship: Henry Savile and the Lives of John Chrysostom
Authors: Quantin Jean-Louis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Henry Savile wrote a critical dissertation on Chrysostom’s biographers for inclusion in the eighth volume of his edition of Chrysostom’s works in Greek. He was indeed very interested in the Lives of his author, primarily in the Dialogus of Palladius of Helenopolis, then only known in Latin translation, whose Greek original he took considerable pains to unearth, to no avail, in libraries throughout Europe. His amanuenses instead brought him an array of Byzantine hagiographical texts, of which he was dismissive, publishing them only in part. Savile’s dissertation propounds his criteria of historical criticism (opposing ‘ancient’, authoritative writers, such as Palladius, and ‘modern’ ones, who invented miraculous stories) and attempts to reconstruct an exact chronology of Chrysostom’s life. It also discusses events immediately following the saint’s death, and argues that the letter of excommunication allegedly sent by Pope Innocent I to Chrysostom’s persecutors, the Emperor Arcadius and the Empress Eudoxia, cannot be genuine. As this episode was much used by champions of papal authority, Savile realized that he would be drawn into contemporary controversies. He preferred therefore to suppress his dissertation altogether: an act of self-censorship which raises fundamental questions about the nature of his undertaking.
Feedback processes modulating the sensitivity of Atlantic thermohaline circulation to freshwater forcing timescales
Authors: Kim Hyo-Jeong , An Soon-Il , Kim Soong-Ki , Park Jae-Heung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPaleo proxy records indicate that abrupt changes in thermohaline circulation (THC) were induced by rapid meltwater discharge from retreating ice sheets. Such abrupt changes in the THC have been understood as a hysteresis behavior of nonlinear system. Previous studies, however, primarily focused on a near-static hysteresis under fixed or slowly varying freshwater forcing (FWF), reflecting the equilibrated response of the THC. This study aims to improve the current understanding of transient THC responses under rapidly varying forcing and its dependency on forcing timescales. The results simulated by an Earth system model suggest that the bifurcation is delayed as the forcing timescale is shorter, causing the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation collapse (recovery) to occur at higher (lower) FWF values. The delayed shutdown/recovery occurs because bifurcation is determined not by the FWF value at the time but by the total amount of freshwater remaining over the THC convection region. The remaining freshwater amount is primarily determined by the forcing accumulation (i.e., time-integrated FWF), which is modulated by the freshwater/salt advection by ocean circulations and freshwater flux by the atmospheric hydrological cycle. In general, the latter is overwhelmed by the former. When the forced freshwater amount is the same, the modulation effect is stronger under slowly varying forcing because more time is provided for the feedback processes.
Extracorporeal life support for cardiogenic shock during pregnancy and postpartum: a single center experience
Authors: Desai Mehul , Osborn Erik , King Christopher , Shlobin Oksana A , Psotka Mitchell , Ryan Liam , Javid Akhtar Saba , Singh Ramesh 
Published: March 2021

Background: The use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) for cardiogenic shock in pregnant and postpartum patients remains limited by concerns of bleeding, hemolysis, and fetal risks. This case series examines the underlying characteristics and management strategies for this high-risk population. Methods: All pregnant and post-partum patients who underwent VA ECMO in the cardiovascular intensive care unit between January 1, 2016 and November 1, 2019, were included in this retrospective study. Management of maternal and fetal O2 delivery, left ventricular (LV) unloading, anticoagulation, and ECMO circuit characteristics were evaluated. Results: Five patients required veno-arterial ECMO for restoration of systemic perfusion. Three patients developed peripartum cardiomyopathy, one septic cardiomyopathy, and one acute right ventricular (RV) failure. The median age was 30.6 years, with median gestational age in pregnant patients of 31 weeks. Maternal and fetal survival to discharge was 80%. Bleeding was the primary complication, with two patients requiring blood transfusions; one requiring interventional radiology (IR) embolization and the other requiring surgical intervention to control bleeding. One patient was successfully delivered on VA ECMO. No fetal complications were directly attributed to VA ECMO. Conclusions: VA ECMO can be employed successfully in obstetric patients with cardiogenic shock with appropriate patient selection. Further research is needed to determine if VA ECMO provides a survival advantage over traditional management strategies in this vulnerable population.
Explaining Screen-Time Behavior Among Preschoolers in Northern India Using Multi Theory Model: A Parental Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Sharma Manoj , Batra Kavita , Singh Tejinder Pal , Dua Rohini , Ickes Melinda , Batra Ravi , Nahar Vinayak K. 
Published: March 2021

Background Screen-time (ST) is the time spent on digital media. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the daily ST of less than an hour for preschoolers. However, increased ST among preschoolers is becoming a public health concern. Objective This study assessed the multi-theory model (MTM)'s applicability in explaining the ST behavior change among preschoolers through parents. Methods A quota sample of 72 parents was drawn from Northern India. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. Results Behavioral confidence (p < 0.001) and changes in the physical environment (p < 0.001) significantly predicted the initiation of reducing ST. The sustenance of limiting ST was significantly predicted by the emotional transformation (p < 0.001), practice for change (p < 0.001), and changes in the social environment (p = 0.001). Conclusions The study highlights the usability of the MTM model in designing and testing interventions for parents to limit ST among their children.
Tandem Breastfeeding and Human Milk Macronutrients: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Rosenberg Gilad , Mangel Laurence , Mandel Dror , Marom Ronella , Lubetzky Ronit 
Published: March 2021

Background Tandem breastfeeding is defined as two or more offspring of different ages who are breastfed by their mother at the same time. Breastfeeding during pregnancy and tandem breastfeeding have not been widely investigated. Research Aim To determine the influence of tandem breastfeeding on the macronutrient content of human milk. Methods This longitudinal study used a prospective and a retrospective group. Human milk samples from tandem-breastfeeding participants ( n = 18) were compared to samples from non-tandem-breastfeeding participants ( n = 31). Samples were collected during the last month of pregnancy (pregnancy milk), 72 hr after birth (colostrum) and 14–60 days post-delivery (mature milk). Macronutrients were measured by mid-infrared spectroscopy. Results Fat content in pregnancy milk was lower than in mature milk ( p < .01). Protein content was higher in pregnancy milk than in colostrum and mature milk ( p < .01 and p < .001, respectively). Inversely, carbohydrate content in pregnancy milk was lower than in colostrum and mature milk ( p = .02 and p < .01, respectively). Fat and energy contents in pregnancy milk of tandem-breastfeeding participants were lower than in mature milk of non-tandem-breastfeeding participants ( p < .001 and p < .01, respectively), and protein content was higher than in mature milk ( p < .001). Carbohydrate content in colostrum and mature milk of tandem-breastfeeding participants was higher than that of non-tandem-breastfeeding participants ( p < .001 for both). Conclusion Human milk produced during pregnancy had different macronutrient content than human milk produced after delivery. Colostrum and mature milk of tandem-breastfeeding participants were similar to human milk produced by non-tandem-breastfeeding participants, with the exception of carbohydrate content.
Band gap analysis of a three-mass locally resonant structure
Authors: Gulia Preeti , Gupta Arpan 
Published: March 2021

A mass in a mass locally resonant system has been studied using a numerical and analytical method. This study is performed to compute the band gap and transmission coefficient of a mass–spring locally resonant system. A locally resonant structure is a periodic structure which exhibits negative effective properties in a certain frequency band and reveals band gaps below Bragg’s frequency. In this work, two substructures are attached with main mass so that the system will act as two masses in a mass system. It is found that the presented structure shows two band gaps below 500 Hz with negative effective properties. Addition of a third substructure with the main mass provides an additional band gap at low frequency. The position and width of band gaps can be tuned by changing the values of masses and stiffness.
Industry 4.0 Adaption in Indian Banking Sector—A Review and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Gupta Ritika 
Published: March 2021

Digitalization and intelligization is the need of the hour in today’s world. The manufacturing industry is, in fact, moving towards the fourth-generation industry, which we termed as Industry 4.0 or the Fourth Industrial revolution, which is defined as a new level of organization and control over the entire value chain of the life cycle of products; it is geared towards increasingly individualized customer requirements. Industry 4.0 is all about talking in terms of big data, technology, cyber security, the Internet of Things (IoT) and so on. This study is done to understand the new emerging technology in data exchange and automation, popularly known as Industry 4.0, in terms of banking sector with context to the Indian banking sector. The study focuses on studying banks in a digitalized word and what are the challenges that banks face. How banks cope up with digitalization, keeping customers at priority. This study centred on incorporating articles published in recent years to establish knowledge on the topic and to further identify areas for future research.
Smoking-Specific Risk Factors in Early Adulthood That Mediate Risk of Daily Smoking by Age 29 for Children with ADHD
Authors: Rhodes Jessica D. , Kennedy Traci M. , Walther Christine A. P. , Gnagy Elizabeth M. , Pelham William E. , Molina Brooke S. G. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To test whether smoking-specific risk factors in early adulthood mediate prediction to daily smoking from childhood ADHD. Methods: Participants were 237 with and 164 without childhood ADHD. A smoking risk profile score comprising smoking-specific factors measured between ages 18 to 25 (e.g., craving severity) and age of initiation was tested as mediator of the association between childhood ADHD and age 29 daily smoking. Results: Childhood ADHD predicted age 29 smoking (β = −.15, p = .019), 35% of ADHD versus 17% of nonADHD, and the profile score (β = −.07, p = .004), which in turn mediated prediction to age 29 daily smoking (β = −.03; p = .007). When tested individually, three profile variables (# cigarettes/day, difficulty concentrating during abstinence, and nicotine dependence) were significant mediators ( ps = 0.005–0.038), above and beyond early adult smoking, ADHD persistence, and delinquency. Conclusions: These behavioral smoking characteristics help explain later daily cigarette smoking for adults with ADHD histories and may need to be targeted in intervention.
Cone-beam computed tomography for primary investigation of wrist trauma provides a new map of fractures of carpal bones
Authors: Krayem Mamoun , Weber Lensing Claudia , Fornander Lotta 
Published: March 2021

In 2016, our primary modality for radiological examination of wrist trauma, was changed from radiography to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This is a retrospective survey of carpal bone fractures detected by CBCT during 6 months in 2016/2017, compared with those found on conventional radiographs during 6 months in 2013/2014. The incidence of carpal fractures was three times higher during the CBCT period (92/100,000 per year) compared with the radiography period (29/100,000 per year) and the spectrum of anatomical locations was different between the two periods, with fractures of the lunate ( n = 6), trapezium ( n = 9), trapezoid ( n = 4) and capitate ( n = 1) detected by CBCT, in contrast to no fractures of these bones diagnosed during the 6 months radiography period. We suggest a more liberal use of CBCT for examination of wrist trauma considering the benefits of being able to give patients a correct primary diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Level of evidence: III