bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of 3D rock mass properties in underground tunnels using extended reality
Authors: Janiszewski M , Uotinen L , Szydlowska M , Munukka H , Dong J , Rinne M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The term extended reality (XR) refers to a family of technologies that cover Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR). The main benefit of XR is that it can offer a new viewpoint on the surrounding environment by augmenting it with digital data and visualizations. Recent developments of XR enable its deployment for rock engineering applications, including underground tunnels. In this paper, we demonstrate two cases of the use of XR in an underground tunnel to display spatial information on the tunnel surface. One of the tunnels in the Underground Research Laboratory of Aalto University (URLA) was digitized using Structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry. As a result, a high-resolution 3D point cloud and textured model of the tunnel were created. Next, the rock joint planes were obtained semi-automatically from the digitized rock surfaces. The results are then represented in their actual positions in the tunnel geometry. In the first case, we used VR to display the rock joint planes on the textured model of the tunnel. In the second case, the data was displayed in real-time in tunnel conditions through a mobile device. The results demonstrate that XR technology can be successfully used in underground construction to digitize the workplace and provide a new perspective on the work environment, which can potentially lead to an increase in safety and productivity.
Control Strategy of RGV Operation Blockage and Deadlock in Plane Mobile Stereo Garage
Authors: Chang Lidan , Li Jianguo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the safety requirements of multi-RGV and multi-lift planar mobile stereo garage access vehicles, a time window-based system RGV operation blocking and deadlock control strategy is proposed. Combining the improved banker algorithm with the time window principle, the banker algorithm is used to evaluate the security of the RGV running path. If an unsafe state is detected, the RGV operation blocking and deadlock control strategy based on the time window algorithm is given. The verification is detailed through specific cases. The results show that the RGV operation blocking and deadlock control strategy proposed in this paper can improve the RGV operation efficiency while increasing the system security.
Analysis of Wind-Resistant Ability and Failure Mode of Prefabricated WPC Enclosure Based on ABAQUS
Authors: Luo Tong , Chen Shangwei , Wang Qiaoyan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a prefabricated wood-plastic enclosure finite element analysis model, and its stress distribution under wind load and the failure mode of the enclosure under the maximum wind load bearing capacity are analyzed with the ABAQUS finite element code. The results show that under the horizontally distributed load, the mid-span deflection, mid-span stress and strain of the baffle gradually increase from bottom to top. The column has greater constraints on the baffles 1-1 to 1-3, and less on the upper baffle, resulting in a gradual increase in the maximum stress of the upper baffle. When the horizontally distribution load reached the maximum load of 1.74 KPa, cracks began to appear at the support contacts of the columns, resulting in component failure.
Application of BIM Technology in Building Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Modeling and Pipeline Inspection
Authors: Hong Cheng , Ming Xia , Liu Kai , Tu Bin , Yu Jiaxing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the development of China’s urbanization process, the development of China’s construction industry is in full swing. There are more and more large scale and special shaped buildings, and the electromechanical engineering and construction projects are more complex. The traditional architectural design and construction technology level could not meet the needs. The BIM Technology can build the whole building model completely, and carry out collision detection and analysis optimization of various specialties design stage, a series of problems can be avoided in the later stage. In this paper, Shanghai Baoshan project is taken as the research object, and the collision between the building model and the electromechanical pipeline is analyzed by using BIM software.
Research on Shear Capacity of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Column to Unequal Height Steel Beam Joint with External Diaphragm
Authors: Lin Yongan , Xu Kailong , Xu Chengxiang , Gao Jie , Fei Jianbao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to study the shear bearing capacity of joints with concrete-filled square steel tubular column and unequal height steel beam, 4 joints specimens were tested under low-reversed cyclic lateral loading. 17 models with different parameters were established by using OpenSees finite element software, and the nonlinear finite element analysis had been carried out. The failure models and shear strain changes of the specimens were observed. The results showed that the shear failure modes of joints can be divided into a small core panel zone mode and an entire panel zone mode. Based on the test and numerical simulation results, the simplified shear model of joints with unequal height steel beam is established, and the method for calculating the shear capacity of the joint is put forward, which is composed of the steel tube webs of the panel zone, the concrete of the panel zone, the steel tube flange of the panel zone and the external diaphragm. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental values and numerical simulation results. The calculation method can accurately evaluate the shear bearing capacity of this type of joints and can be used as a reference for the application of practical engineering.
A Method of the Durability Life Prediction for Chinese Historical Reinforced Concrete Structure
Authors: Jin Hui , Chun Qing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to evaluate the durability of historical reinforced concrete buildings with square rebars more accurately, a calculation method of durability life for this type of buildings is proposed in this paper. The method mainly includes structural component importance analysis and the calculation method of the durability life prediction for single concrete component with square rebars. Compared with the existing durability evaluation standards and methods based on round rebars, this method is closer to the actual structure status. The works of the paper can be used for the durability evaluation of square steel reinforced concrete buildings and provide a reference for its repair and protection.
Reinforcement Design of Three -Valves Towers and Effect Evaluation Based on Monitoring Data
Authors: Li Changping , Ma Xinteng , Liu Yang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Numerous three-valves towers for communication distributed around urban districts suffer from structural degradation during operation. The traditional methods using encased steel to strengthen the structure are not suitable for three-valves towers. To address this issue, a reinforcement method based on the combined section is proposed for improving the structural performance of three-valves towers. In this method, main bars are added at the side of the maximum stress axis of the original tower with multi-point hinge joints, which are also connected with the flange plate of the original tower by welding. After that, to evaluate the reinforcement effect precisely, the structural health monitoring (SHM) system for towers is established to obtain the data of horizontal displacement continuously before and after the reinforcement. Finally, the reinforcement of an actual three-valves tower is implemented using the method described above, with relatively low costs and a short period of construction. And the data acquired from the SHM system shows that the structural performance of this tower has been improved notably after the reinforcement.
Experimental Investigations on the Connection Strength of Kerf Anchorage Stone Panels
Authors: Wang Zuohu , Luo Yikang , Gao Zhanguang , Yao Yuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Seventy-two stone panels were tested to investigate the failure mode and connection strength of the kerf anchorage stone cladding panel. The following factors were considered in this study: the distance between the kerf and the edge of the stone panel, the stone type, the kerf depth and the insertion depth of the connector. The experimental results show that the connection strength of white granite is twice as high as that of golden granite under the same conditions. Increasing the insertion depth of the connector increases the connection strength of the stone panel. The connection strength increases when the distance between the kerf and the edge of the panel is increased from 70 mm to 90 mm, and the connection strength for a 20-mm kerf depth is higher than that for a 30-mm kerf depth under the same conditions. There is still a certain error between the test results and the calculation results of current standard.
Considering Grid Division Optimization of Free-Form Surface Roof Structure
Authors: Ye Bentao , Wang Fawu , Duan Yang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The free-form surface roof structure is widely used in large-span public buildings due to its beautiful shape. Its grid division form is diverse, and the size and shape of the structural grid directly affect its bearing performance. In this paper, the grid optimization research is carried out for the free-form surface single-layer reticulated shell roof, based on the Rhino platform and the grasshopper module for parametric modeling. The karamba plug-in is used for structural analysis, and the roof structure of different grid divisions under various load conditions is analyzed, computing its response and its carrying capacity. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize free-form surface roof structure, with grid density, member bar length and section size as parameters. Comprehensive consideration of structural self-weight and maximum displacement and other design goals are considered. It provides reference for the design of free-form roof structure.
Calculation of Deformation and Ductility of Steel Fiber Reinforced High-Strength Concrete Columns
Authors: Liu Hui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Based on the simple stress-strain relationship of steel fiber concrete, the influence of strain coordination factor on the cross section is analyzed, and the calculation equation of curvature ductility coefficient is deduced. According to the law of curvature distribution of flexural members, the curvature distribution is simplified into two-segment and three-segment linear distribution, and the corresponding calculation equations of length, load and deflection of different sections are deduced, and the calculation method based on the theoretical curve of load-deflection is proposed. Compared with the test results, the ductility coefficient, the theoretical curve of load-deflection and the test results all show a high degree of coincidence.
Vibration Signal-based Structural Damage Detection through Deep Learning and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Teng Shuai , Chen Gongfa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The methods that structural damage detection (SDD) based on vibration signal can effectively detect invisible structural damages. This paper presents a progressive SDD method using a deep learning algorithm and the digital image correlation (DIC) measurement technique. As structural damage will affect the structural mass, damping and stiffness, and then leads to changes in dynamic response, thus the vibration signal may be able to effectively reflect structural defects. A vibration signal database was established from the experimental tests of a steel frame under random excitations, a camera used to record the vibration responses of the structure. The DIC method was employed to obtain the dynamic displacements of the points of interest (POIs). The obtained POI displacement signal was employed as the training and testing data for a convolutional neural network (CNN) which was designed to classify vibration signals. The results confirm that it was feasible to employ a CNN to detect structural damage, the accuracy was nearly 100%, the computational performance and accuracy exceed back-propagation neural networks (BPNN); its uptime was only about 12% that of the BPNN. It has been demonstrated that: (1) the CNN was sensitive to the structural damage detection; (2) the computational performance of the CNN was superior to that of the BPNN.
Research on Application Practice of Rebar Mechanical Connection
Authors: Yin Yong , Zeng Hong , Deng Xinjie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of rebar connection technology is the key to improve the construction quality of construction projects, and the application of related technologies can also improve the construction quality and efficiency of construction projects. The connection process of mechanical connection of steel bar requires higher requirements, which is different from the welding and binding connection of steel bar. The quality of mechanical joint also needs strict inspection. At present, grade I joints are widely used in high-rise buildings. How to ensure the quality of mechanical connection has become one of the key points of high-rise building quality control. Combined with specific engineering projects, this paper mainly analyzes the practical application of rebar mechanical connection technology in construction, and elaborates on rebar processing, product protection, quality control, etc., in order to provide technical reference for the work of relevant personnel in the field of construction engineering.
Research on Rust Removal and Rust Prevention Method of Super-High-Rise Steel Structure
Authors: Yin Yong , Zeng Hong , Deng Xinjie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The super high-rise steel structure is exposed to the natural environment for a long time, due to the long construction period of super high-rise buildings and the great impact of natural and social environment. If the steel structure is not properly protected, it will cause structural quality problems. Super high-rise steel structure has large volume and high height, so its rust prevention and rust removal methods are quite different from ordinary steel structure. This paper combines the actual engineering projects and briefly describes the ultra-high-rise steel structure rust removal, rust prevention construction and quality; safety assurance measures. Through the comprehensive application of this project, the feasibility of relevant countermeasures is confirmed, with a view to the follow-up similar projects can be useful and helpful.
Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Eccentrically Braced Steel Frame with Full Bolts Connection
Authors: Zhou Xin , Wang Xinwu , Yu Yongqiang , Li Tong , Shi Qiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to study the seismic performance of fully bolted semi-rigid eccentrically braced steel frame, a pseudo-static loading test was carried out on a single-story single-span eccentrically braced steel frame. The seismic behavior of the specimen has been analyzed according to the failure mode, hysteresis curve, bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation performance, and stiffness degeneration etc. The experiment results show that this structural system has fairly good energy dissipation capacity, strong bearing capacity and excellent ductility. Except for the link, other members of the frame are in the elastic stage, indicating that the specimen is easy to repair after earthquake. The hysteresis curve of the specimen shows significant pinch phenomenon owing to the slip of the bolt.
Experimental Study on Joint Properties of Steel Secondary Beam Connected with Concrete Main Beam Using an Embedded Part
Authors: Sun Xiaohong , Feng Xiaoxiao , Yang Shutong , Li Shenglin , Wang Yanqiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a joint of I-shaped steel secondary beam connected with concrete main beam using an embedded part was simplified from a practical engineering by adopting the scale 1:3. Six specimens were tested. The effects of different concrete main beam heights (245 mm and 295 mm), concrete floor slab, rigidity of steel secondary beam and height difference between the secondary beam and main beam tops on the mechanical performance and failure mode of specimens were analyzed. Results show that flexural failure is often found in the steel secondary beam. But the failure mode is changed to joint failure in the main beam if the rigidity of steel beam is increased locally at the mid-span region. Moreover, setting floor slab and increasing rigidity of steel secondary beam can all improve the load-carrying capacity of the joint. The safety of joint can be obtained by strengthening the stirrups adjacent to the embedded part and longitudinal steel bars under the part.
Study on the Grouting Properties of Multi-Mineral Cement Paste
Authors: Liu Hengrui , Tian Zhenghong , Sun Xiao , Fan Haoyue 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effect of zeolite powder (ZP) and basalt powder (BP) on the grout properties of cement slurry was explored. The grout properties include fluidity, rheology, cohesiveness, segregation resistance and mechanical properties. In addition, the three-parameters mathematical models were established to better understanding the relationship above properties. The experimental results show that the incorporation of ZP or BP can effectively reduce the bleeding rate and improve the cohesiveness of cement paste, and this improvement become more significant with the increase of the ZP, BP content and the w/c ratio. Under the appropriate dosage, the cement paste can also have good compressive strength and rheological properties. The results of the three-parameter model indicated that rheological parameters, flow parameters, and cohesiveness-bleeding rate systems all can become the main factors affecting the 28day compressive strength. Flow parameters systems and rheological parameter systems were not the main factors that determine the cohesiveness of cement slurry. On the contrary, cohesiveness can significantly affect the rheological properties of cement paste.
Study on Compressive Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) Based on Fly Ash
Authors: Yu Guoping , Chen Ru , Luo Changtai , Xie Banghua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fly ash (FA) has a good effect on the fluidity and strength of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The experimental research method was adopted, equipped with C35 self-compacting concrete, w/c =0.4 and FA content a =0%∼40%. The compressive strength of SCC was studied for T=3d, 7d, 14d, 28d, 60d. It is found that FA has a great impact on the compressive strength of SCC. With the continuous addition of FA, the strength of SCC increases at first, and then decreases. When a =25%, the compressive strength of SCC is best, reaching 47.3 MPa. As with ordinary concrete, the strength of SCC varies with curing time. When T=7d-14d, SCC strength increases less.
Corrosion Cracking Performance of Corrosion Resistant Steel Bars and Carbon Reinforced Concrete Columns under Axial Compression
Authors: Zhong Xiaoping , Peng Lange , Dai Renli , Yuan Chengbin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to study the difference in the development of corrosion expansion cracks between corrosion-resistant steel bars and carbon reinforced concrete columns, the accelerated corrosion method of dry-wet cycle and constant current energization was used to study the distribution, shape and crack width of corrosion expansion cracks over time. The research results show that: under the coupling action of axial compression load and chloride salt, the initial corrosion cracks of 5Cr corrosion-resistant reinforced concrete columns appear later than carbon reinforced concrete columns, and the direction of corrosion cracks is along the direction of the main reinforcement. There is nearly no rust expansion crack of stirrup. In the early stage of corrosion (theoretical corrosion rate less than 5%), 5Cr corrosion-resistant reinforced concrete columns are dominated by single-sided cracking, and the total length and expansion width of cracks are less than that of carbon reinforced concrete columns; the later period of corrosion (theoretical corrosion rate between 5% and 15%) Two types of reinforced concrete columns have obvious double-sided cracking. After a long period of corrosion by chloride salt, the total length and corrosion expansion width of cracks of 5Cr corrosion-resistant reinforced concrete columns increase faster than that of carbon reinforced concrete columns. The corrosion resistance “reversed” in the later stage of corrosion.
Thin-suspended 2D materials: facile, versatile, and deterministic transfer assembly
Authors: Rebollo I G , Rodrigues-Machado F C , Wright W , Melin G J , Champagne A R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report a deterministic 2D material (2DM) transfer method to assemble any-stacking-order heterostructures incorporating suspended ultra-thin 2DMs, such as single-layer graphene (SLG) and bilayer graphene (BLG). The transfer procedure relies on a single-step preparation nitrocellulose micro-stamp, which combines both outstanding adhesion and softness. It permits the dry pick-up of naked 2D crystals (graphene, MoS2, and hBN) directly from a SiO2 substrate, and to precisely transfer them on substrates or trenches. Optical and Raman data show that no significant defect is introduced upon transfer, even in suspended SLG and BLG. The areas transferred range up ∼1000 µm2 on substrate. High-yield transfer of suspended ultra-thin 2DMs does not require critical point drying for areas up to 15 µm2 or suspension heights down to 160 nm. To demonstrate the method’s capabilities, we assembled on-substrate and suspended optical cavities tuning BLG’s Raman scattering intensity by factors of 19 and 4, respectively. This resilient and rapid 2DM transfer procedure will accelerate the fabrication of many heterostructures and permit versatile suspension of 2DMs for research in twistronics, straintronics, and nano-opto-electro-mechanical systems.
Effects of the beam offset on microstructure and properties of electron beam welded tantalum and Inconel 718 joints
Authors: Jia Shudang , Li Dong , Tao Fu , Fan Linhao , Chen Jieshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, electron beam welding of tantalum and Inconel 718 superalloy was performed. The formability, microstructure, defect characteristics and mechanical properties of joints were investigated by controlling the position of the electron beam. The weld zone of tantalum and Inconel 718 joints was mainly composed of columnar crystals and dendrites during the welding of non-beam offset and 0.5 mm beam offset to tantalum. The reaction layer composed of a large number of intermetallic compounds was found on the tantalum side, and it was the place where the fracture occurred. Tensile strength of the joints was 313 MPa and 138 MPa, respectively, and the joints exhibited brittle fracture mode due to the formation of voids and cracks in the reaction layer. The microhardness of the weld zone was higher than that of the base metal due to the strengthening effect of tantalum. Fortunately, when the beam deviated by 0.5 mm to the Inconel 718 side, equiaxed grains formed in the weld zone, and the morphology of the reaction layer changed, which improved the toughness of the joint. The tensile strength of the joint reached 480 MPa under the condition of 0.5 mm beam deviated to the Inconel 718 side.