bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombin generation in children using ThromboScreen reagent kit with ST Genesia—A pilot study
Authors: Gassiot Susanna , Ruiz‐Llobet Anna , Suleman Warda , Sarrate Edurne , Berrueco Ruben 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThrombin generation assays assess overall coagulation system and are widely used in research; however, they still need standardization and clinical validation. The new ST Genesia is a benchtop, automated analyzer that normalizes each thrombin generation parameter using a reference plasma. The ThromboScreen reagent kit has two triggers, one of which contains thrombomodulin to assess the effect of the protein C pathway. This study aimed to make a pilot approach to the ThromboScreen reference range in children and evaluate the impact of sex, age, and pro‐ and anticoagulant plasma proteins on thrombin generation parameters.MethodsThis study included 55 healthy children from the following age groups: 1‐6 years (n = 14), 7‐11 years (n = 15), and 12‐17 years (n = 26). Children younger than 1 year were excluded from the study. We measured thrombin generation using ThromboScreen, coagulation routine and test, pro‐ and anticoagulant proteins.ResultsAge did not influence ThromboScreen results. Males showed significantly lower endogenous thrombin potential and peak height values than females. The strongest determinants of endogenous thrombin potential were von Willebrand factor parameters, whereas for endogenous thrombin potential inhibition, the strongest determinants were protein C and protein S. No statistically significant differences were found between groups on temporal parameters.ConclusionsFor the ThromboScreen reagent kit, it may not be necessary to subdivide reference ranges according to age for children (>1 year).
Outcome of transvenous lead extraction in patients on minimally interrupted periprocedural direct oral anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Issa Ziad F. , Elayyan Mays A. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have increasingly been used for several indications for systemic anticoagulation in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The optimal management of anticoagulation therapy in patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction (TLE) procedures remains uncertain.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of TLE during minimally interrupted DOAC therapy.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective study of all patients who underwent TLE of a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator lead while on DOAC therapy. In patients deemed to be at high thromboembolic risk, the last DOAC dose was administered the morning of the day before the procedure (regardless of the type of DOAC) and was restarted as soon as possible after the procedure, without bridging with parenteral anticoagulation.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 84 patients underwent TLE while on minimally interrupted DOAC therapy (54% female, mean age: 74 ± 12 years). TLE was attempted for 161 leads, with a median lead dwell time of 61 months (interquartile range, 38–101). Complete procedural success was achieved for 156 leads (96.9%) and partial success for additional two leads (1.2%). One patient developed RV perforation and required pericardiocentesis and blood transfusion, but no surgical repair. Two patients developed pocket hematomas requiring invasive evacuation. No systemic or venous thromboembolic events were observed. There was no in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsIn selected CIED patients at high risk for thromboembolism, TLE during minimally interrupted DOAC therapy may be considered when performed at experienced centers.
Nondestructive identification of barley seeds variety using near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging coupled with convolutional neural network
Authors: Singh Tarandeep , Garg Neerja Mittal , Iyengar S. R. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNondestructive inspection of varietal purity of seeds plays an important role in crop improvement, agricultural production, and plant breeding. In the present study, a rapid and nondestructive technique, that is, near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR‐HSI) was applied to discriminate the barley seeds variety. A large dataset of 35,280 seeds was collected from different locations and years incorporating 35 Indian barley varieties (29 hulled and 6 naked barley varieties). The hyperspectral reflectance images of the ventral side and dorsal side of seeds were acquired in the near‐infrared range of 900–1700 nm. Mean spectra were extracted and pretreated by six preprocessing techniques (standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), Savitzky–Golay (SG) smoothing, SG first derivative, SG second derivative, and detrending). Subsequently, raw and preprocessed spectral data were fed as input to the convolutional neural network (CNN) including traditional machine learning models (partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), K‐nearest neighbors (KNN), and support vector machines (SVM)). It was observed that the end‐to‐end CNN model built on raw spectra overperformed the model using the preprocessing strategies. In addition, the CNN model outperformed the three traditional models with a testing set accuracy of greater than 98%. The results demonstrated that NIR‐HSI coupled with end‐to‐end CNN could be a robust way to quickly, accurately, and nondestructively identify the variety of barley seeds.Practical ApplicationsThe commercial price and quality of barley mainly depend upon its varietal purity. Identification of barley seeds variety is an important step to select the seeds for different purposes such as food, malt, and fodder. Traditional methods for the identification of barley seeds variety are time‐consuming, expensive, and destructive. Near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging, as an emerging fast and nondestructive technique, looks promising for seed quality and safety evaluation. Moreover, the convolutional neural network has a better capability to accurately discriminate spectra extracted from seeds of different varieties of barley. The results in this study can provide a reference and theoretical basis to develop a real‐time inspection system for fast, accurate, and nondestructive barley seeds purity testing.
A template for physical resilience research in older adults: Methods of the PRIME‐KNEE study
Authors: Whitson Heather E. , Crabtree Donna , Pieper Carl F. , Ha Christine , Au Sandra , Berger Miles , Cohen Harvey J. , Feld Jody , Smith Patrick , Hall Katherine , Parker Daniel , Kraus Virginia Byers , Kraus William E. , Schmader Kenneth , Colón‐Emeric Cathleen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults with similar health conditions often experience widely divergent outcomes following health stressors. Variable recovery after a health stressor may be due in part to differences in biological mechanisms at the molecular, cellular, or system level, that are elicited in response to stressors. We describe the PRIME‐KNEE study as an example of ongoing research to validate provocative clinical tests and biomarkers that predict resilience to specific health stressors.MethodsPRIME‐KNEE is an ongoing, prospective cohort study that will enroll 250 adults ≥60 years undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Data are collected at baseline (pre‐surgery), during surgery, daily for 7 days after surgery, and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months post‐surgery. Provocative tests include a cognition‐motor dual‐task walking test, cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by functional near‐infrared spectroscopy, peripheral blood mononuclear cell reactivity ex vivo to lipopolysaccharide toxin and influenza vaccine, and heart rate variability during surgery. Cognitive, psychological, and physical performance batteries are collected at baseline to estimate prestressor reserve. Demographics, medications, comorbidities, and stressor characteristics are abstracted from the electronic medical record and via participant interview. Blood‐based biomarkers are collected at baseline and postoperative day 1. Repeated measures after surgery include items from a delirium assessment tool and pain scales administered daily by telephone for 7 days and cognitive change index (participant and informant), lower extremity activities of daily living, pain scales, and step counts assessed by Garmin actigraphy at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months after surgery. Statistical models use these measures to characterize resilience phenotypes and evaluate prestressor clinical indicators associated with poststressor resilience.ConclusionIf PRIME‐KNEE validates feasible clinical tests and biomarkers that predict recovery trajectories in older surgical patients, these tools may inform surgical decision‐making, guide pre‐habilitation efforts, and elucidate mechanisms underlying resilience. This study design could motivate future geriatric research on resilience.
Progression of powdery mildew in susceptible‐resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars sown at different dates
Authors: Naseri Bita , Sheikholeslami Mahyar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA better understanding of non‐climatic predictors of temporal dynamics of wheat powdery mildew is needed to improve accuracy of disease measurement for breeding and control programmes. The present study examined fourteen types of standard curves to model powdery mildew progress data collected from 282 plots of commercial wheat cultivars sown at different dates over four growing seasons (2013–2017). An exponential model was fitted to disease progress data, and then, relationships between commonly used disease descriptors and exponential parameters were examined. From exponential function, parameters b and r defined disease increase factor and rate of disease increase, respectively. This model described a slow increase of wheat powdery mildew at first, followed by a more rapid increase lacking bound. According to Kruskal–Wallis one‐way ANOVA results, wheat resistance and sowing date were significantly effective on area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), maximum disease severity and exponential parameter b. Greatest mean values for AUDPC, maximum severity and exponential parameter b were detected in later sowings of susceptible cultivars. There were significant correlations between powdery mildew curve elements. Based on principal component analysis, AUDPC, disease onset time, maximum severity and exponential parameters b and r accounted for 77% of total data variance. This information on specific predictors of wheat powdery mildew progress may improve accuracy of future disease estimates in breeding and control programmes.
Characterization of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ associated with a maize leaf reddening disease in Turkey
Authors: Çağlar Behçet Kemal , Şimşek Eray , Dikilitas Murat , Bertaccini Assunta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, empty or poor grain bearing corn plants with leaf reddening symptoms have been observed in some commercial maize production areas in the Adana province of Turkey. The disease is increasing and causing economic losses. To verify the possible presence of phytoplasmas, leaf samples were tested with P1/Tint and R16F2n/R2 phytoplasma‐specific primer pairs after DNA extraction. The 16S ribosomal gene sequence analysis followed by sequence in silico enzyme digestions and phylogenetic analyses allowed the identification of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, subgroup of 16SrXII‐A related‐strain in all symptomatic samples. The positive samples were characterized using tuf and vmp1 genes. In silico restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses allowed the inclusion of all the positive samples into tuf‐type b and V15 molecular types. The sequence analysis indicated the presence of a single genotype in all the tested samples (n = 12). This is the first molecular characterization of a ‘Ca. P. solani’ strain infecting maize plants in Turkey. The identified pathogen is listed in the EPPO A2 list.
Assessment of methods for detecting an opportunistic and expanding mesocarnivore in southwestern Europe
Authors: Descalzo E. , Jiménez J. , Delibes‐Mateos M. , Díaz‐Ruiz F. , Ferreras P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractKnowing the distribution of expanding carnivore species is paramount for identifying and addressing potential human–wildlife conflicts. Occupancy models are useful tools to estimate the distribution and the probability of detection of wildlife species. In this study, we used these models with an empirical dataset to compare different survey methods and their combinations in order to optimize the estimated distribution in central Iberian Peninsula of the Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), the only Herpestidae species occurring in Europe. In particular, we aimed to identify the most cost‐effective (most accurate, with the lowest bias and cost) method or combination of methods. Sign surveys along transects on foot, hair‐traps (baited and unbaited) and camera‐traps were used as detection methods. We replicated these methods in 10 sampling units within four study zones in which the species was known to occur. We employed occupancy models to estimate the detection probability for each method in each zone, using covariates exclusively for detection probability, and made combinations of all methods. Camera‐trapping was the most precise and least biased single method, followed by transects on foot. In contrast, both baited and unbaited hair‐traps produced biased estimates of occupancy. However, camera‐traps was the most costly method, whereas single unbaited hair‐traps had the lowest cost. Our results demonstrate that the combination of several methods provides more precise and unbiased estimates of occupancy than those obtained from single methods. Even so, a biased method could contribute to improve the estimates if combined with other unbiased and precise methods. We recommend considering not only the precision and bias, but also the cost and effort required by each method to achieve the most cost‐effective results in distribution studies of carnivore species.
Effect of enteral immunomodulatory nutrition formula on mortality and critical care parameters in critically ill patients: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Malekahmadi Mahsa , Pahlavani Naseh , Firouzi Safieh , Clayton Zachary S. , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Rezaei Zonooz Sanaz , Moradi Moghaddam Omid , Soltani Sepideh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnteral immunomodulatory nutrition is recommended as an adjuvant therapy for patients in intensive care units (ICU), but its effectiveness is incompletely understood.AimThe aim of this review was to examine the effect of a commonly used immunomodulatory formula—omega‐3 fatty acids, γ‐linolenic acid, and antioxidants—on clinical outcomes and mortality risk in critically ill patients.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodPubMed, Scopus, and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge databases were searched until 18 February 2021. RCTs that used the immunomodulatory formula in the ICU were included.ResultsTen RCTs (1166 participants) were included in the meta‐analysis. The immunomodulatory formula reduced the duration of ICU stay weighted mean difference [(WMD): −2.97 days; 95%CI: −5.59, −0.35)], mechanical ventilation (WMD = −2.20 days, 95%CI: −4.29, −0.10), sequential organ failure assessment and multiple organ dysfunction scores (Hedge's g: −0.42 U/L; 95% CI: −0.74, −0.11), decreased 8‐day overall mortality risk (RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.91), and extended the ICU‐free days (WMD: 4.06 days, 95% CI: 0.02, 8.09). The improvement in respiratory function and reduction in mortality risk was more in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Furthermore, the reduction in mechanical ventilation and mortality risk was more evident in older (>60 years) vs young adults.Conclusion and Relevance to Clinical PracticeTaken together, the immunomodulatory formula may enhance clinical practice for critical care nurses, such that the prevalence and/or susceptibility to secondary conditions commonly encountered in the ICU (ie, ALI and ARDS) could be attenuated, ultimately allowing critical care nurses to focus their care on the primary reason for which a patient is in the ICU.The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO.
Quantitative assessment of the effects of biochar amendment on photosynthetic carbon assimilation and dynamics in a rice–soil system
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Wu Xiulan , Li Shixian , Liu Wei , Bian Rongjun , Zhang Xuhui , Zheng Jufeng , Drosos Marios , Li Lianqing , Pan Genxing 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Biochar amendment has been proposed as a promising means to increase carbon (C) sequestration and simultaneously benefit plant productivity. However, quantifying the assimilation and dynamics of photosynthetic C in plant–soil systems under biochar addition remains elusive.

This study established two experimental factors involving biochar addition and nitrogen (N) fertilization to quantitatively assess the effect of biochar on photosynthetic C fate in a rice plant–soil system. The rice plants and soil samples were collected and analyzed after 6‐h pulse labeling with 13CO2 at the tillering, jointing, heading and ripening stages.

Biochar did not affect the proportions of photoassimilated carbon‐13 (13C) allocations in plant–soil systems. Nevertheless, biochar enhanced the 13C contents in the shoot, root, and soil pools, especially when combined with N fertilization, and biochar increased the cumulative assimilated 13C contents in the shoot, root, and soil pools by 23%, 14% and 20%, respectively, throughout the whole growth stage. Moreover, biochar addition significantly enhanced the N use efficiency (NUE) by c. 23% at the heading and ripening stages.

In summary, biochar increases the content of photoassimilated C in plant–soil systems by improving plant productivity via enhancing NUE, thus resulting in a higher soil C sequestration potential.
Patterns of response and drugs involved in hypersensitivity reactions to beta‐lactams in children
Authors: Torres‐Rojas Isabel , Pérez‐Alzate Diana , Somoza Maria Luisa , Haroun Diaz Elisa , Ruano Pérez Francisco Javier , Prieto‐Moreno Pfeifer Ana , Jimenez‐Rodriguez Teodorikez W. , Fernandez Sánchez Javier , Blanca Miguel , Canto Diez Gabriela , Blanca‐López Natalia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBeta‐lactams generate different allergenic determinants that induce selective or cross‐reactive drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs). We aimed to identify the drugs involved, the selectivity of the response, the mechanism, and the value of the different diagnostic tests for establishing a diagnosis in children evaluated for DHRs to beta‐lactams.MethodsProspective study evaluating children aged under 16 years reporting DHRs to beta‐lactams. Reactions were classified as immediate and non‐immediate reactions. The workup included sIgE, skin testing, and drug provocation tests (DPTs) for immediate reactions and patch testing and DPTs for non‐immediate ones.ResultsOf the 510 children included, 133 were evaluated for immediate reactions and confirmed in 8.3%. Skin test/in vitro IgE contributed to diagnosing half of the cases. Selective reactions occurred with amoxicillin (63%), followed by common penicillin determinants (27%) and cephalosporins (0.9%).Among non‐immediate reactions (11.4% of the 377 children evaluated), most required DPTs, 52.7% of which were positive at 6–7 days of drug challenge. Selective reactions were identified with amoxicillin (80%), penicillin G (7.5%), cephalosporins (7.5%), and clavulanic acid (5%). Urticaria and maculopapular exanthema were the most frequent entities.ConclusionsThere were few confirmed cases of either type of reaction. Skin testing proved less valuable in non‐immediate reactions, over half of which would also have been lost in a short DPT protocol. Selective responders to amoxicillin were more likely to have non‐immediate reactions, while clavulanic acid selectivity was exclusive to the non‐immediate typology. Over half the cases with DPTs required 6–7 days of treatment for DHR confirmation.
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on pediatric hospitalization in Kitami, Japan
Authors: Maruo Yuji , Ishikawa Shinichi , Oura Kazumi , Shiraishi Haruki , Sato Norio , Suganuma Takashi , Mikawa Makoto , Sato Tomonobu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has drastically changed the recommended activities and environment for patients worldwide. Our aim was to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on pediatric hospitalizations in Kitami, Japan.MethodsA retrospective, single‐center study was conducted on hospitalized patients aged 0–14 years at the Japanese Red Cross Kitami Hospital. We compared the incidence of pediatric patients hospitalized in 2020 with those in 2017–2019.ResultsThe number of pediatric hospitalized patients dropped significantly in 2020 compared to that in 2017–2019 (median 43.0 vs 78.5 per month,P< 0.001). The patients were significantly older in 2020 (4.3 vs 3.4 years,P< 0.001). Hospitalization from respiratory (8.5 vs 30.5,P< 0.001) and gastrointestinal infections (3.0 vs 6.0,P= 0.004) significantly decreased. Admission due to respiratory syncytial virus (0.0 vs 4.0,P< 0.001), human metapneumovirus (0.0 vs 1.0,P= 0.005), influenza (0.0 vs 0.0,P= 0.009), adenovirus (0.0 vs 1.0,P= 0.003), and rotavirus infection (0.0 vs 0.0,P= 0.025) also decreased significantly. The <1–5 age groups significantly decreased (<1 year old, 6.5 vs 12.5,P< 0.001; 1–3 years old, 13.0 vs 29.5,P< 0.001; 4–5 years old, 5.5 vs 11.5,P< 0.001). Hospitalization due to foreign body ingestions increased significantly in 2020 (1.0 vs 0.0,P= 0.010).ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 control measures inadvertently reduced the number of hospitalized pediatric patients, especially younger children with respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
Thromboprophylaxis after kidney transplantation in children: Ten‐year experience of a single Brazilian center
Authors: Beatrice Julia Maimone , Takahashi Marcelo Straus , Celeste Daniele Martins , Watanabe Andreia , Koch Vera Hermina Kalika , Carneiro Jorge David Aivazoglou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplantation is the gold standard treatment for children with end‐stage chronic kidney disease. Graft thrombosis is an important cause of graft failure, with high morbidity, mortality, and impact on quality of life and to the health system. The role of thromboprophylaxis in this setting is still uncertain. We describe the demographic characteristics and thrombotic risk factors in pediatric renal transplant recipients, determining the rate of renal graft thrombosis, and discuss the role of thromboprophylaxis.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed 96 pediatric renal transplantations between 2008 and 2017 in a single hospital. Patients were assigned to one of two groups: children who did not receive thromboprophylaxis after transplantation and those who did. We reported their characteristics, comparing the incidence of graft thrombosis and hemorrhagic complications between the groups.ResultsForty‐nine patients (51%) received thromboprophylaxis. Thrombosis occurred in 5 patients who did not receive thromboprophylaxis (5.2%) compared with none in the group that did (p = .025). In all patients, renal graft thrombosis resulted in early graft loss. Thirteen patients had hemorrhagic complications. Seven were unrelated to pharmacological thromboprophylaxis (2 major, 1 moderate, and 4 minor bleeding, which either did not receive thromboprophylaxis or had bleeding prior to thromboprophylaxis), while six occurred during heparinization (2 major, 1 moderate, and 3 minor bleeding). There was no significant difference in the rate of hemorrhagic complications between the groups (p = .105).ConclusionsThe rate of renal graft thrombosis was 5.2%. Thrombosis remains an important cause of early graft loss. Thromboprophylaxis was associated with a reduction in graft thrombosis without increased risk of bleeding.