bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of epithelial abnormalities on papanicolaou smear in postmenopausal women
Authors: Bansal Sonu , Chandrakanta  , Kumar Harendra , Verma Urvashi 
Published: June 2021

The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear was introduced in 1941, became the standard screening test for cervical cancer and premalignant lesions, and is being used globally. To estimate the frequency of various epithelial abnormalities on Pap smear in postmenopausal women and assess their relation with parity, clinical symptoms and per speculum findings. Prospective Pap procedure was done on 400 postmenopausal women from November 2017 to June 2019 and smears were stained and cytological interpretation was made according to the 2014 Bethesda system.Out of 97.5% satisfactory smears, 17.9%, 26.2% and 55.9% were diagnosed as of epithelial abnormalities, normal cytology and inflammatory and other benign conditions respectively. ASCUS-mean age was 45.18 years and parity of 3. Patients were either asymptomatic or presented with white discharge. Incidence among epithelial abnormalities was 31.5% with overall incidence of 5.6%. LSIL- mean age was 48.11 years and parity of 4 and presented with white discharge and lower abdominal pain. Incidence was 37.2% among epithelial abnormalities with overall incidence of 6.7%. HSIL- mean age was 58.78 years with parity of &#62;/=5, presented with white discharge and lower abdominal pain. Incidence among epithelial abnormalities was 27% with overall incidence of 4.8%. SCC -mean age was 58.6 years and parity of &#62;/=5, presented with white discharge, postmenopausal bleed and something coming out of p/v. Incidence was 4.2% among epithelial abnormalities with overall incidence of 0.8%. Pap smear is a simple, cheap, safe and gold standard diagnostic tool for screening postmenopausal women.
Clinicopathological study of calculous cholecystitis
Authors: Janaki M , Chakri Sarvani B , Hareesh Kumar A , Ramya Swathi V , Hasham Hussain S 
Published: June 2021

Calculous cholecystitis is the most common lesion of the gallbladder. Pain abdomen is the common clinical presentation.Calculous and acalculous cholecystitis are the most common indications for cholecystectomy. Gross and microscopic examination of the gall bladder indicates the outcome of the lesions. The various histological findings will reveal the type of the disease entity and prognosis. Retrospective study was done, total 120 cases of cholecystectomy specimens were received in pathology department. Formalin fixed specimens were analysed. After processing, H&E stained sections were studied.Chronic calculous cholecystitis is the most common non-neoplastic lesion. calculous cholecystitis(92 cases), acalculous cholecystitis (21 cases), follicular cholecystitis (4 cases), empyema gallbladder (1 case), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (1 case), eosinophilic cholecystitis (1 case). Among premalignant lesions, cholecystitis with metaplasia was seen in 40 (33.3%) cases. Pyloric metaplasia (25 cases), Intestinalmetaplasia (15 cases). Chronic calculous cholecystitis was the most common lesion. Histopathological evaluation plays an important role in identifying the metaplastic, dysplastic and incidental carcinoma of the gallbladder. .
Comparing efficacy of ibutilide and amiodarone for cardioversion in atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting- A prospective and randomized study
Authors: Godara Mukesh , Goyal Pradeep Kumar , Goyal Sonu Kumar , Carpenter Dharmendra 
Published: June 2021

Ibutilideis less frequently used drug for atrial fibrillation (AF) in postoperative coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients as compare to amiodarone. We therefore investigated the comparative efficacy of ibutilde and amiodarone for cardioversion in atrial fibrillation after CABG.To compare the efficacy of ibutilide and amiodarone for cardioversion of AF in post CABG patients.Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Jaipur.Single center, randomized, double blind, comparative prospective study.Total 80 post CABG patients who developed AF were divided into two groups (Group A) Ibutilde and (Group B) Amiodarone respectively. The cardioversion time and cardioversion rate were measured.Unpaired t-test, Paired t-test, Chi square test / Fisher exact test. P value &#60;0.05The cardioversion rate at 4hrs in group A was 42.5% and in group B was 50% (p value &#62; 0.001). At 24 hrs cardioversion rate in group A was 95% and in group B was 87.5% (p value &#62; 0.001). The mean time of conversion to sinus rhythm in group A was 382.85 minutes and in group B was 492.30 minutes. (p value= 0.235)Ibutilide was as effective as amiodarone for restoration of sinus rhythm in postoperative coronary bypass grafting patients who developed atrial fibrillation in their postoperative intensive care unit stay. Ibutilide may be superior to amiodarone in terms of hemodynamics and systemic side effects.
Effect of tonsillar fossa cooling with cold saline on early post-tonsillectomy pain: A randomized, double-blind controlled study
Authors: Poonuraparampil Joseph Abraham , Halemani Kusuma R , Karim Habib M R , John Meryl R , Mistry Tuhin 
Published: June 2021

Postoperative pain following tonsillectomy is troublesome, and non-pharmacological methods can be a valuable adjunct to reduce the intensity of pain. Cooling can attenuate the damage done to tissues by hot dissection techniques.Thestudy was aimed to assess the effect of tonsillar fossa cooling on post-tonsillectomy pain. Forty patients aged 8-18 years of American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I and II scheduled for elective bilateral tonsillectomy with bipolar electrocautery under general anaesthesia were recruited. After obtaining consent and approval from the institutional ethical committee, they were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. At the end of tonsillectomy, the tonsillar fossa was packed for 10 minutes using gauze soaked in ice-cold 0.9% saline (5–10 ºC) in group T (test) and saline at room temperature in group C (control). The postoperative pain scores using Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS–R) and sore throat were evaluated at 15 minutes, 1 hour, 6 hours and 12 hours. All the data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. P &#60; 0.05 was considered significant.Pain scores were significantly lower in group T as compared to group C at all time points. (p&#60;0.05) The rescue analgesic consumption was lower in group T.(p&#60;0.05) There was no difference in of sore throat between two groups. Cooling of the tonsillar fossa with ice-cold 0.9% saline after hot dissection tonsillectomy is a useful adjunct in reducing postoperative pain without any significant complications.
The efficacy of thoracic epidural anesthesia for breast surgeries
Authors: Safneedha  , Vishwanath S 
Published: June 2021

Thoracic epidural anesthesia provides selective blockade for the surgical site, with diminished requirements of opioids and local anaesthetics. If the efficacy of the same is better or equivalent to general anesthesia, the adverse effects with the later can be avoided. Hence this study was conducted to know the effectiveness of thoracic epiduralanesthesia in breast surgeries using 1.5% lignocaine with adrenaline.This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Anaesthesiology in association with the Department of Surgery at Raja Muthaiah Medical College and Hospital, Chidambaram from January 2013 to June 2014. Adult female patients aged between 18-60 years belonging to ASA class I, class II and class III undergoing breast surgeries were included in the study. Patients with bleeding diathesis and local infections were excluded from the study. A total of thirty cases were included in the study and efficacy of epidural anaesthesia was determined by monitoring vitals in the peri-operative period. Results were analysed using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.Heart rate, blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) and mean arterial pressure were significantly different with respect to time. Mean duration of rescue analgesia was found to be 127.33±27.62 minutes. Also 10%, 23.3%, 13.3% and 6.7% of cases reported bradycardia, shivering, hypotension and nausea during the intra operative period whereas 10% of cases reported backache and nausea, each during the post-operative period.Thoracic epidural anesthesia for breast surgeries provides good analgesia with minimal amount of drugs without significant complications.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEARNING STRATEGIES AND MOTIVATION OF DISTANCE LEARNERS
Authors: Ikram Hamid , Perveen Shahnaz , Javed Hafsa 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: The study aimed to discover the learning strategies of distance learners and their relationship with their intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Methodology: The study followed a quantitative correlational research design. The study sample comprised 550 female and male students enrolled as distance learners at the university level. The tool of learning strategies MSLQ was adopted from Pintrich et al. (1991) and the scale of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation was adopted from Lepper et al. (2005). The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical techniques.
Main Findings: The findings of the inquiry concluded that the learning strategies of distance learners were directly associated with both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.
Applications of this study: This study is applicable to assess the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of distance learners enrolled at the university level. Moreover, this study is helpful to understand the relationship between the motivation of learners and their learning styles.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Much of the research work has been done in the mainstream education sector, but there is a shortage of empirical data on the relationship between the learning styles of distance learners and their motivation. Thus, this research could be a torchbearer in this area.
Why do pharmacists leave the profession? A mixed-method exploratory study
Authors: Aspden Trudi J. , Silwal Pushkar R. , Marowa Munyaradzi , Ponton Rhys 
Published: June 2021

Background: Recent New Zealand policy documents aim for pharmacists to be retained, and promote the provision of extended clinical pharmacy services. However, younger pharmacists have expressed dissatisfaction with the profession on informal social for a.
Objectives: To explore the characteristics, and perspectives of pharmacy as a career, of recent Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm, four-year degree) graduates who have left, or are seriously considering leaving the New Zealand pharmacy profession in the near future and where they have gone, or plan to go.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a mixed-method explanatory sequential design. An anonymous online survey among those who completed their pharmacy undergraduate degree (BPharm or equivalent) in 2003 or later and who had left or who were seriously considering leaving the New Zealand pharmacy profession in the next five years, was open from 1st December 2018 to 1st February 2019. Recruitment occurred via University alumni databases, pharmacy professional organisations, pharmaceutical print media, social media and word-of-mouth. Ten semi-structured interviews were then conducted with a purposive sample of survey respondents. Descriptive statistics were generated from the quantitative data and qualitative data were analysed using manifest content analysis.
Results: We received 327 analysable surveys of which 40.4% (n=132) were from those who had already left the New Zealand pharmacy sector at the time of the data collection and the rest (59.6% n=195) were those working within the sector, but seriously considering leaving the profession. Reasons most commonly reported for studying pharmacy were having an interest in health and wanting to work with people. The most common reasons for leaving, or wanting to leave, were dissatisfaction with the professional environment, including inadequate remuneration, and a perceived lack of career pathways or promotion opportunities. A wide range of career destinations were declared, with medicine being most frequently reported.
Conclusions: Most of the reasons for leaving/considering leaving the profession reported relate to the values and features of the pharmacy profession such as the professional environment, remuneration and career pathways. These findings are consistent with other studies and may represent a barrier to achieving the aims of recent health policy documents.
Financial Inclusion Disclosure: Empirical Evidence From Banking Industry Of Bangladesh
Authors: Das Shaily 
Published: June 2021

Financial inclusion refers to the procedure of making financial services accessible to all individuals and businesses at reasonable costs. Financial inclusion strives to address the constraints that retard people from participating in the financial sector. It has been drawn much attention for its contribution to economic and commercial development, raising inclusive growth, minimizing income inequality all over the world, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Central Bank of Bangladesh (Bangladesh Bank) formulated a financial inclusion policy in 2009 intending to make banking services available to unbanked people. This study examines the Financial Inclusion Disclosure by 30 Banks (5 state-owned banks and 25 private commercial banks) of Bangladesh, which are listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange during the period 2015-2019. The objective of the study is to analyze the activities of the banking sector of Bangladesh for making banking services available to unbanked people. For that purpose, annual reports of the selected banks have been studied, and findings are demonstrated through graphs. According to the study findings, priority areas of financial inclusion include school banking, agent banking, street children account,10 taka farmers account, SME financing, rural credit, women entrepreneur loan, etc. This study also shows the prospects of financial inclusion, financial inclusion issues that are highly emphasized, barriers to financial inclusion, and initiatives needed to overcome these barriers. This study findings depict that the financial inclusion performance of state-owned banks of Bangladesh is relatively better than those of private commercial banks, and inclusion actions are increasing with time. Policymakers might use these findings and also the banks to ensure no eligible person remains unbanked.

Keywords: Bangladesh Bank; disclosure; financial inclusion; unbanked people
Analysis of Community Preparedness Facing Erosion Disaster in Sambas Regency
Authors: Wulandari Fajar 
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted to analyze the community's preparedness in the face of erosion in Sambas Regency, which is erosion caused by filing by river water. This research is a mixed methods research<em>.</em> This mixed research combines qualitative research and quantitative research, with a sample of people living in riverbank areas. The head of the local household was also asked for information on preparedness to face erosion disasters. The results of the research on community preparedness for erosion in Sambas District were based on the researchers' view that the community was not ready, people who had filled out the new research questionnaire were about 15% out of 100% who were ready. The results of interviews with residents indicated that there was no counselling, training on this preparedness was also one of the causes of the low level of community preparedness.
Prognosis values of modified Lauren classification in gastric cancer: a validation from SEER database
Authors: Ning Feilong , Zhang Nannan , Wang Jun , Jin Yifeng , Quan Hongguang , Pei Junpeng , Zhao Yan , Zeng Xiantao , Abe Masanobu , Zhang Chundong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: It remains controversial as to which pathological classification is most valuable in predicting overall survival (OS) in patients with gastric cancer (GC). We assessed the prognostic performances of three pathological classifications in GC and developed a novel prognostic nomogram individually predicting OS. Methods: Patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the independent prognostic factors. Model discrimination and model-fitting were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves and Akaike information criteria. Decision curve analysis was performed to assess clinical usefulness. The independent prognostic factors identified by multivariate analysis were further applied to develop a novel prognostic nomogram. Results: A total of 2,718 eligible GC patients were identified. The modified Lauren classification was identified as one of the independent prognostic factors of OS. It showed superior model discriminative ability and model-fitting performance over the other pathological classifications, and similar results were obtained in various patient settings. In addition, it showed superior net benefits over the Lauren classification and tumor differentiation grade in predicting 3- and 5-year OS. A novel prognostic nomogram incorporating the modified Lauren classification showed superior model discriminative ability, model-fitting performance, and net benefits over the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th Edition TNM classification. Conclusion: The modified Lauren classification showed superior net benefits over the Lauren classification and tumor differentiation grade in predicting OS. A novel prognostic nomogram incorporating the modified Lauren classification showed good model discriminative ability, model-fitting performance, and net benefits.
Detection and classification of unilateral cleft alveolus with and without cleft palate on panoramic radiographs using a deep learning system
Authors: Kuwada Chiaki , Ariji Yoshiko , Fukuda Motoki , Kuwada Tsutomu , Gotoh Kenichi , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although panoramic radiography has a role in the examination of patients with cleft alveolus (CA), its appearances is sometimes difficult to interpret. The aims of the present study were to develop a computer-aided diagnosis system for diagnosing the CA status on panoramic radiographs using a deep learning object detection technique with and without normal data in the learning process, to verify its performance, and to clarify some characteristic appearances probably related to the performance. The panoramic radiographs of 383 CA patients with cleft palate (CA with CP group) or without cleft palate (CA only group) and 210 patients without CA (normal group) were used to create 2 learning models on the DetectNet. The models 1 and 2 were developed based on the data with and without normal subjects, respectively, to detect the CAs and classify them into the CA only and CA with CP groups. The model 2 reduced the false positive rate (1/30) compared to the model 1 (12/30). The model 2 performances were higher in almost values than those in the model 1, but no difference in the recall of CA with CP groups. The model created in the present study appeared to have the potential to detect and classify CAs on panoramic radiographs.
Nanoparticles for active combination radio mitigating agents of Zinc Coumarate and Zinc Caffeiate in a rat model
Authors: Askar Mostafa A. , Guida Mona S. , AbuNour Seham. M. , Ragab Essam A. , Ali Eiman N. , Abdel-Magied Nadia , Mansour Nahla. A. , Elmasry Samir A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Zinc Coumarate and zinc caffeiatenano-particles (ZCoNPs, ZCaNPs) have been shown to affectthe different biological processes. This work was undertaken to evaluate the mitigating action of ZCoNPs in combination with ZCaNPsagainst liver damage induced by gamma rays (γ-rays). Rats were exposed to 7Gy of γ-rays, and theninjected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with ZCoNPs [2U / rat / day (5 mg/kg)], and ZCaNPs [2U / rat / day (15 mg/kg)] for 7 consecutive days.The results showed that irradiated rats treated with ZCoNPs (5 mg/kg/body weight) in combination with ZCaNPs (15 mg/kg/body weight) for 7 days revealed a significant increase in the body weight, antioxidants levels, T Helper (CD4) Cell and T Cytotoxic (CD8), associated with amarked decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation (LP), nitric oxide(NOx), total free radicals concentrate (TFRC), and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, positive alterations in the morphological state, hematological parameters, and thecell cycle phases were noticed. Additionally, the histopathological study demonstrated an improvement in the liver tissue of irradiated rats after treatment.Thus, ZCoNPs and ZCaNPscould be usedas a natural mitigating agent to reduce the hazards of ionizing radiation.
Proteomics Analysis of Serum Proteins in Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Li Jianhua , Lu Lin , Xie Xinping , Dai Xiaofeng , Chen Lihong , Zheng Shan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to screen serum proteins for biomarkers of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to investigate its pathogenesis by analyzing the differences in serum proteomics between pregnant women with GDM and healthy pregnant women.
Methods

High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify differentially expressed serum proteins between pregnant women with GDM and healthy pregnant women, and bioinformatics analysis was then performed on the identified proteins.
Results

A total of 1152 quantifiable proteins were detected; among them, 15 were up-regulated in the serum of GDM pregnant women, while 26 were down-regulated. The subsequent parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay validated the expression levels of 12 out of 41 differentially expressed proteins. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins are involved in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism, glycan degradation, immune response, and platelet aggregation.
Conclusions

This study identified 41 serum proteins with differential expression between pregnant women with GDM and healthy pregnant women, providing new candidate molecules for elucidating GDM pathogenesis and screening therapeutic targets.
Hidden Brain iron content in Sickle cell disease: Impact on Neurocognitive Functions
Authors: ElAlfy Mohsen Saleh , Ibrahim Ahmed Samir , Ibrahim Ghada Samir , Hussein Hanaa Midhat Abdel Gader , Mohammed Hend Galal Eldeen , Ebeid Fatma Soliman Elsayed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at a high risk for neurocognitive impairment. We aim to quantitatively measure cerebral tissue R2* to investigate the brain iron deposition in children and young adults with SCD in comparison to beta thalassemia major (BTM) and healthy controls and evaluate its impact on neurocognitive functions in patients with SCD. Thirty-two SCD, fifteen BTM and eleven controls were recruited. Multi-echo fast-gradient echo sequence brain MRI was performed and brain R2* values of both caudate and thalamic regions were calculated. SCD patients were examined for the neurocognitive functions. SCD had high iron overload 0.30±0.12 mg/kg/day. 68.9% of SCD had under- threshold IQ, 12.5% had moderate to severe anxiety and 60.8% had depression. There was no differences between SCD, BTM and controls in brain MRI except that left thalamus R2* higher in BTM than both SCD and controls (p=0.032). Mean right caudate R2* was higher in female than male (p=0.044). No significant association between brain R2* and LIC or heart R2* values in SCD. Left caudate R2* directly correlate with age and HbS%, negative correlate with HbA% while right thalamus R2* negatively correlate with transfusion index and among SCD patients. Conclusion: Neurocognitive dysfunction in SCD could not be explained solely by brain iron overload.