bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cine MRI detects elevated left heart pressure in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Lin Kai , Sarnari Roberto , Pathrose Ashitha , Gordon Daniel , Blaisdell Julie , Markl Michael , Carr James C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging modality for evaluating left ventricular (LV) motion/deformation patterns, which may have potential to identify LV dysfunctions underlying postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that cine MRI‐derived LV motion/deformation indices can be used to identify an elevated left heart pressure in PH. This was a retrospective study, which included 26 precapillary and 28 postcapillary PH patients (23 males, 58.9 ± 13.5 years old). All patients underwent right heart catheterization (the “reference standard”) and cardiac MRI. Balanced steady‐state free precession cine sequence acquired at 1.5 T was used. Cine MRI datasets were analyzed by using heart deformation analysis. LV motion/deformation indices were measured through 25 phases within a cardiac cycle. Peak LV displacement, velocity, strain, and strain rates at systole, early and late diastole were compared between the two patient groups using t‐tests. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to investigate the association between cine MRI‐derived indices and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were applied to assess the ability of MRI‐derived parameters to predict PCWP and postcapillary PH. Compared to 26 precapillary PH patients, the 28 postcapillary PH patients had lower peak late radial diastolic displacement (0.43 ± 0.19 cm vs. 0.64 ± 0.18 cm) and velocity (12.2 ± 5.8 mm/s vs. 18.9 ± 5.6 mm/s) and peak late radial (52.1 ± 32.7%/s vs. 97.1 ± 38%/s) and circumferential (38 ± 19.8%/s vs. 63.1 ± 22.9%/s) strain rates. PCWP was correlated with peak late radial diastolic displacement (r = −0.54) and velocity (r = −0.57) and peak late radial (r = −0.63) and circumferential diastolic (r = −0.63) strain rates. Peak late radial strain rate could predict PCWP (β = −0.09) and postcapillary PH (β = −0.036). All p < 0.05. Cine MRI‐derived LV late diastolic motion/deformation properties can be used to estimate elevated left heart pressure in PH.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage1
Investigating metabolism by mass spectrometry: From steady state to dynamic view
Authors: Audano Matteo , Pedretti Silvia , Ligorio Simona , Giavarini Flavio , Caruso Donatella , Mitro Nico 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMetabolism is the set of life‐sustaining reactions in organisms. These biochemical reactions are organized in metabolic pathways, in which one metabolite is converted through a series of steps catalyzed by enzymes in another chemical compound. Metabolic reactions are categorized as catabolic, the breaking down of metabolites to produce energy, and/or anabolic, the synthesis of compounds that consume energy. The balance between catabolism of the preferential fuel substrate and anabolism defines the overall metabolism of a cell or tissue. Metabolomics is a powerful tool to gain new insights contributing to the identification of complex molecular mechanisms in the field of biomedical research, both basic and translational. The enormous potential of this kind of analyses consists of two key aspects: (i) the possibility of performing so‐called targeted and untargeted experiments through which it is feasible to verify or formulate a hypothesis, respectively, and (ii) the opportunity to run either steady‐state analyses to have snapshots of the metabolome at a given time under different experimental conditions or dynamic analyses through the use of labeled tracers. In this review, we will highlight the most important practical (e.g., different sample extraction approaches) and conceptual steps to consider for metabolomic analysis, describing also the main application contexts in which it is used. In addition, we will provide some insights into the most innovative approaches and progress in the field of data analysis and processing, highlighting how this part is essential for the proper extrapolation and interpretation of data.
Determination of substituent effects on the proton affinities of natural nucleosides by the kinetic method
Authors: Liguori Angelo , Napoli Anna , Sindona Giovanni 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe kinetics of the unimolecular dissociations of proton‐bound dimers produced by fast‐atom bombardment from nucleosides and reference amines enables the evaluation of the proton affinities (PAs) of ribonucleosides. The PAs of cytosine, guanosine, adenosine, uridine, and deoxyuridine have been thus determined. These values and those already available for the corresponding DNA homologues allow the evaluation of the effect of the hydroxyl group in position 2′ of the sugar moiety, which lowers the PAs of RNA nucleosides by 0.6–1 kcal/mol, and of the methyl group in position 5 of the thymine ring, which enhances the basicity of deoxythymidine over deoxyuridine by 0.6 kcal/mol.
SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection in stool samples from acute gastroenteritis cases, Brazil
Authors: Fumian Tulio M. , Malta Fábio C. , dos Santos Débora R. L. , Pauvolid‐Corrêa Alex , Fialho Alexandre M. , Leite José P. G. , Miagostovich Marize P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe described the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in stool samples from patients presenting only acute gastroenteritis (AGE) symptoms. From January to July 2020, 121 AGE stool samples were screened by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. We detected SARS‐CoV‐2 in 27.5% of samples received during the epidemic period. No infectious viruses were observed in Vero E6 cells.
It matters how old we feel in organizations: Testing a multilevel model of organizational subjective‐age diversity on employee outcomes
Authors: Kunze Florian , Boehm Stephan A. , Bruch Heike 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis study contributes to the emerging literature on age diversity effects at the organizational level of analysis by comparing the role of chronological‐age diversity versus subjective‐age diversity. We hypothesize a multilevel model in which organizational‐level subjective‐age diversity is negatively related to bonding social capital within organizations, which, in turn, contributes to heightened employee engagement and lowered turnover intentions. The assumed relationships are tested in a multilevel sample of 96 German small‐ and medium‐sized companies with 16,274 employees participating. We gathered data from four different sources to circumvent common source problems and received support for most of the proposed relationships. Given the potentially detrimental effects of high subjective‐age diversity in the workplace, the paper concludes with practical recommendations on how to manage subjective‐age diversity in companies proactively.
Nitrospira as versatile nitrifiers: Taxonomy, ecophysiology, genome characteristics, growth, and metabolic diversity
Authors: Vijayan Ardhra , Vattiringal Jayadradhan Rejish Kumar , Pillai Devika , Prasannan Geetha Preena , Joseph Valsamma , Isaac Sarojini Bright Singh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe global nitrogen cycle is of paramount significance as it affects important processes like primary productivity and decomposition. Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite, is a key process in the nitrogen cycle. The knowledge about nitrification has been challenged during the last few decades with inventions like anaerobic ammonia oxidation, ammonia‐oxidizing archaea, and recently the complete ammonia oxidation (comammox). The discovery of comammox Nitrospira has made a paradigm shift in nitrification, before which it was considered as a two‐step process, mediated by chemolithoautotrophic ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers. The genome of comammox Nitrospira equipped with molecular machineries for both ammonia and nitrite oxidation. The genus Nitrospira is ubiquitous, comes under phylum Nitrospirae, which comprises six sublineages consisting of canonical nitrite oxidizers and comammox. The single‐step nitrification is energetically more feasible; furthermore, the existence of diverse metabolic pathways in Nitrospira is critical for its establishment in various habitats. The present review discusses the taxonomy, ecophysiology, isolation, identification, growth, and metabolic diversity of the genus Nitrospira; compares the genomes of canonical nitrite‐oxidizing Nitrospira and comammox Nitrospira, and analyses the differences of Nitrospira with other nitrifying bacteria.
Principal component analysis of the biological characteristics of entomopathogenic fungi in nutrient‐limited and cuticle‐based media
Authors: Montesinos‐Matías Roberto , Ordaz‐Hernández Armando , Angel‐Cuapio Alejandro , Colin‐Bonifacio Yazmin , Garcia‐Garcia Rosa E. , Ángel‐Sahagún Cesar A. , Arredondo‐Bernal Hugo C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMedia formulated with insect cuticle (0.5% and 1%; Sphequit Sph®), with a reduction in nutrients (¼ Sabouraud dextrose agar + yeast [SDAY]) and commercial media (potato dextrose agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar) were evaluated for the cultivation of Beauveria bassiana, Cordyceps javanica (Isaria javanica [Bally] Samson & Hywel‐Jones), and Metarhizium robertsii. By using principal component analysis, it was determined that the ¼ SDAY and Sph formulations have greater advantages than commercial media for the development of fungi. The ¼ SDAY and Sph (0.5% and 1%) improved hydrophobicity, radial growth rate, germination, conidia yield, and virulence in B. bassiana; in M. robertsii, they favored conidia yield, germination, and virulence, and in C. javanica, the ¼ SDAY and Sph 0.5% media enhanced conidia yield, germination, radial growth rate, and virulence. We suggest that these formulations are an alternative to commercial culture media as they are cheaper and appropriate to improve the growth characteristics and virulence of the three strains evaluated. Some applications of culture media are suggested, and the importance of multivariate analysis as an exploratory tool to carry out the choice of culture media in a suitable way for the development of mycoinsecticides is also discussed.
A new early warning indicator of abrupt climate change based on the changing normalized dynamic range
Authors: Wu Qiong , Xie Xiao‐qiang , Mei Ying , He Wen‐ping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn abrupt change will occur when the system is forced to across a critical threshold. This study presents a novel early warning indicator—the changing normalized dynamic range. We use a one‐variable climate model and three simple folding models to test the performance of the new early warning indicator. The results show that the present indicator exhibits a statistically significant increase or decrease in all of tests at a significance level of α = .05 before a dynamical system with a folding bifurcation approaches a tipping point. Comparing the well‐known autocorrelation coefficient with the normalized dynamic range, it is found that autocorrelation coefficient performs well in most of tests, which shows an almost monotonous increasing or decreasing trend for an upcoming abrupt change. However, autocorrelation coefficient exhibits a diametrically opposite trend for a noise‐induced abrupt change in a two‐dimensional vegetable model. The kurtosis coefficient can perform well in most of the tests used in this study, however, fails to give an early warning in a particular case. Moreover, the magnitude of change of the autocorrelation and kurtosis is much smaller than that of the normalized dynamic range before the four folding models approach its tipping point. Therefore, the performance of the new indicator for warning an abrupt change in advance is better than that of the autocorrelation coefficient as well as kurtosis coefficient, which can make up for the deficiency of the kurtosis coefficient and autocorrelation coefficient to some extent.
Evaluation of gridded rain‐gauge‐based precipitation datasets: Impact of station density, spatial resolution, altitude gradient and climate
Authors: Merino Andrés , García‐Ortega Eduardo , Navarro Andrés , Fernández‐González Sergio , Tapiador Francisco J. , Sánchez José Luis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGridded precipitation datasets have been developed for data assimilation and evaluation tasks of weather and climate models and for climate analyses. Gridded data uncertainty evaluation is crucial to understand the limitations and feasibility. The development of high‐resolution daily gridded precipitation datasets is desirable, but several factors need to be considered, namely rain gauge station availability, their spatial distribution, and orographic and climate characteristics of a study area. Quality assessment of gridded datasets can present difficulties when the influence of these factors is not thoroughly analysed. The main objective of this study was a detailed validation of precipitation grids based on four factors, that is, station density used for grid construction, grid spatial resolution, station altitude, and climate type. To this end, 18 grids were built using six spatial resolutions (0.01°, 0.025°, 0.05°, 0.1°, 0.2° and 0.4°) and three station densities (25, 50 and 75% of all available stations). Results indicate larger differences among the grids as a function of analysed factors. Station density was found to be the main factor, whereas grid spatial resolution had minor importance. However, the latter factor becomes more relevant in areas with strong altitude gradients and when a high station density is available. In addition, weak and moderate precipitation is overestimated on daily grids, whereas heavy precipitation cells are less frequent, reducing data variability. On the contrary, monthly and annual aggregates present less deviation from the observed distribution than daily comparisons. These findings question the applicability of the daily grid datasets for validation studies and climate analysis on a grid cell level.
Residual effects of B and Zn fertilizers applied to dry season crops on the performance of the follow‐up crop of maize in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Shova , Becker Mathias , Lamers John P.A. , Wimmer Monika A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: Diversified food crop production systems with high‐value vegetable crops are increasingly replacing conventional rice–wheat rotations across Nepal. These newly emerging systems are likely to enhance the demand for the micro‐nutrients boron (B) and zinc (Zn), which are already widely deficient throughout in Nepal. However, B and Zn fertilizers often are either unavailable in rural areas, not available in a timely manner, or when available not affordable by smallholder farmers.Aims: To overcome multiple constraints concerning the need and efficient use of B and Zn amendments in a technical feasible way with a high financial efficiency for farmers and without compromising the environment, the current study assessed whether soil stock provisioning, e.g., B and Zn fertilizer applications to dry season crops, may provide sufficient residual effects for the succeeding non‐fertilized wet season crop.Methods: A pot experiment was conducted in a sheltered greenhouse using two contrasting but representative soil types (Acrisol and Fluvisol) collected from rice‐ and from maize‐based production systems in Nepal. Boron and Zn amounts were supplied individually or in combination to wheat, cauliflower, and tomato grown in the dry season of 2018, whilst measuring biomass accumulation, B and Zn concentrations in plant tissues of all crops which allowed calculating B and Zn uptake in the unfertilized follow‐up crop of maize.Results: Soil‐applied B and Zn fertilizers, sole and combined, slightly enhanced biomass of the succeeding non‐fertilized maize only, but significantly increased total B and Zn plant uptake, with significant differences between soil types. Furthermore, while maize shoot B concentrations were consistently increased above the critical levels in both soils, but especially in the Fluvisol after wheat and cauliflower pre‐crops, Zn uptake of maize was more enhanced in the Acrisol.Conclusions: The residual effects of B and/or Zn applied to preceding dry season crops benefitted the subsequent wet season maize, especially after the pre‐crops wheat and cauliflower in the Fluvisol for B, and after wheat and tomato in the Acrisol for Zn. They may suffice to attain reasonable yields of wet season crops in the emerging vegetable‐based cropping systems of Nepal, even if fertilizers are not consistently available. The magnitude of the residual effects of pre‐applied Zn largely depended on the soil type, while those of B were mainly determined by the pre‐crop.
Consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity: A literature review
Authors: Farah Maya F. , Mehdi Nour I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe study explores the historical evolution of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity to build an ampler understanding of the deliberated topics and identify probable future research inquiries. Four research gaps in the extant literature are identified, namely: (a) a lack of systematic assessments and comprehensive summaries in the field, (b) a dominance of quantitative research studies, (c) a scarcity in historical reviews, and (d) a lack of a common understanding of the link between consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity.
Corporate social irresponsibility and stakeholder ecosystems: The case of Volkswagen Dieselgate scandal
Authors: Zhang Michael , Atwal Glyn , Kaiser Maya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Volkswagen emissions cheating scandal, known as “Dieselgate,” demonstrates that businesses can safeguard corporate social responsibility objectives and prevent or repair damage from corporate social irresponsibility by involving the stakeholder ecosystem in positive value co‐creation. There is a lack of strategic management research offering a systematic approach to different stakeholders and their varied roles in responding to companies' corporate social irresponsibility. We adopt the theoretical lenses of stakeholder ecosystems and stakeholder value co‐creation to re‐examine Volkswagen's Dieselgate scandal to delineate the complex and evolving interactions among concerned stakeholders, which can shed light on the ongoing debate and research on brand management, corporate reputation, trust, sustainability, and sustainable mobility.
Improvement of Low‐Rank Coal Flotation Based on the Enhancement of Wettability Difference between Organic Matter and Gangue
Authors: Sun Xiaole , Zhang Lei , Xie Zhixuan , Li Bao , Liu Shengyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe main reason for low separation efficiency in low rank coal (LRC) flotation was the small wettability difference between organic matter and gangue. To improve LRC flotation response, a new method based on the expansion of wettability difference was proposed in this investigation. This method is that changing the adsorption liquid environment (adding Ca2+) to enhance the selective adsorption of surfactants on the surface of organic matter and increase its hydrophobicity, meanwhile applying ultrasonic desorption to remove the surfactants adsorbed on the gangue. The experiments were conducted on organic matter, gangue, and raw coal and combined with surfactant adsorption/desorption capacity, FTIR, and wetting heat determination to explore the underlying mechanism. The best flotation performance of raw coal was obtained when desorption time was 30 s. Surfactant adsorption results indicated that Ca2+ could promote the adsorption of surfactant on organic matter, but has insignificant effect on gangue. Under ultrasonic condition, surfactant capacity adsorbed on gangue decreased in the presence of Ca2+, but the addition of Ca2+ could inhibit surfactant desorption. However, in the raw coal, the surfactants could be removed from gangue surface under ultrasonic and Ca2+ because of the low proportion of gangue in raw coal and weaker adsorption strength of Ca2+ on gangue, as indicated by the ash reduction. Wetting heat results suggested that wettability difference between organic matter and gangue was expanded after ultrasonic treatment. This study may have some guiding significance for improving LRC flotation.
Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid induce the accumulation of sucrose and increase resistance to chilling injury in peach fruit
Authors: Zhao Yaoyao , Song Congcong , Qi Shuning , Lin Qiong , Duan Yuquan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSalicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) can both enhance resistance of chilling injury (CI) in cold‐storage peach fruit, but the regulatory mechanisms involved and whether there is a coordinated regulation between them is unclear. In this study, postharvest peach fruit were treated with an aqueous SA solution for 15 min or an aqueous JA solution for 30 s before storage at 4 °C for 35 days.RESULTSSA and JA treatments both delayed and reduced development of internal browning (a symptom of CI) and induced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and sucrose. The SA and JA also reduced catalase and peroxidase activities, which are involved in hydrogen peroxide generation. The SA and JA treatments significantly regulated the transcript abundance of genes related to sucrose biosynthesis and degradation consistent with the observed increase in sucrose content.CONCLUSIONThese results intimate that JA and SA may be involved in coordinating the alleviation of CI via increased accumulation of sucrose. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of in‐package atmospheric cold plasma treatment on the qualitative, metabolic and microbial stability of fresh‐cut pears
Authors: Zhang Yingtong , Zhang Jianhao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Hu Huali , Luo Shufen , Zhang Leigang , Zhou Hongsheng , Li Pengxia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe greatest hurdle to commercial marketing of fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables is limited shelf life due to microbial hazards and quality deterioration. Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) is an emerging non‐thermal technology with significant potential to improve the safety and storability of fresh products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ACP, generated in sealed packaging, on the qualitative, metabolic and microbial stability of fresh‐cut pears during simulated cold storage.RESULTSACP treatments were effective in inhibiting the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold, particularly CP3 (65 kV, 1 min), which could prolong shelf life to the greatest extent. While decontamination was not always associated with an increase in plasma intensity. Moreover, at 65 kV for 1 min, ACP treatment had the potential to retard respiration, and maintain organoleptic properties and other quality attributes. Additionally, peroxidase and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities were reduced immediately after treatments. These effects were dependent on treatment voltage and time, while a subsequent recovery in activity was only observed for PME.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained from this study will contribute to an understanding of the effects of in‐package ACP treatments on the storability and microbial safety of fresh‐cut pears. This knowledge could be beneficial in reducing quality losses for fresh‐cut pears and the preservation of other products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry