bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The molecular beam epitaxy growth of InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb quantum well on GaAs substrate with emission wavelength of∼ 2μm
Authors: Jia Huimin , Tang Jilong , Shen Lin , Kang Yubin , Hou Xiaobing , Ma Xiaohui , Wei Zhipeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
InGaAsSb layers and InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb quantum wells nearly lattice-matched to GaSb were grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. As2 and Sb2 sources produce by valved crackers were used for the growth of quaternary InGaAsSb layer and InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb quantum well structure, which greatly facilitated the lattice-matched to GaSb, as characterized by X-ray diffraction. In order to adjust the composition of indium in InGaAsSb, the indium flux was changed by different indium source temperature under the condition of fixed growth temperature and gallium flux, and InGaAsSb with emission wavelength of 2018 nm at room temperature was grown. By using this growth parameter, the InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb quantum well structure with 20 nm well layer and emission wavelength of 1966 nm at room temperature was then grown. X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence results indicate that ∼2 μm InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb quantum well structure on GaAs with better crystal and optical properties had been prepared successfully.
An X-ray detector based on a Pt-MgZnO-Pt structure
Authors: Guo Xiaocheng , Wang Haoning , Long Hao , Yang Jing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Direct-conversion X-ray detectors made of wide-bandgap semiconductors have many advantages and important applications. In this study, a direct-conversion X-ray detector based on Pt-MgZnO-Pt structure was fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The X-ray detection characteristics of the device were studied. The optimized device with a structure of Pt-MgZnO-Pt exhibited a responsivity of 72.6 nC Gyair
–1 cm–2, response time of ∼0.1 s (rise)/∼0.4 s (fall), and a high SNR of 206 at a bias of 30 V under a dose rate of 100 mGyair/s. The experimental results demonstrate the good application prospects of the wide-bandgap MgZnO-based X-ray detectors.
Fracture analysis of a Ni-based single crystal superalloy
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Wei Wencong , Song Jinxia , Xiao Chengbo , Liu Furong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Based on the tensile stress-dominated low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests at 760°C, the fracture morphology of a second-generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy (SC) was studied in this paper. It was found that under LCF loading the specimen cracked with one fatigue source. The angle of fatigue bands in crack propagation region was related to the secondary orientation deviation from crystal orientation [100]. In addition, evidence showed that the specimens fractured along the slip surface of {111}<110> octahedral slip systems.
Research on the Development Strategy of the Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Gong Yuanjia , Feng Hailiang , Zhang Chong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Firstly, this paper discusses several challenges faced by the existing single-vehicle intelligent driving and intense demand for connecting, then proposes the system architecture of the Internet of Vehicles from the perspective of communication capability and application support. Finally, the paper puts forward development strategies for the autonomous driving, forming a global wide recognition.
A Data Transmission System for Sewage Treatment in Oil Refinery Based on LoRa
Authors: Tan Yuhang , Zhang Xiaoling , Xie Xuesong , Huang Kunkun , Wang Weiyan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper designs a wireless data transmission system based on LoRa technology in view of the safety requirements of the upgrade of the oil refinery sewage treatment system. On the basis of protecting the data flow of the previous system, the measurement data of each sensor is collected and sent to the PLC in a wireless manner. By the reasonable circuit structure design and the wireless transmission mode choice, this system has high explosion-proof performance, high safety, and has the advantages of good real-time performance, high maintainability, and easy expansion.
InGaAs/InAlAs quantum well structures grown on GaAs (001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Xiaobing Hou , Yubin Kang , Jilong Tang , Xiaohua Wang , Zhipeng Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A 100 periods In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As quantum well structure was grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on GaAs (001) substrate. The XRD results of ternary alloy InGaAs and InAlAs films show that the indium component is similar to the designed structure. In addition, the XRD results show that the In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As multi-quantum well structure is consistent with the designed structure. The PL spectrum of In0.52Ga0.48As/In0.53Al0.47As quantum well structures is ∼1470 nm at room temperature.
Supply chain effects of China’s fast growing marine economy on greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Li Man , Feng Kuishuang , Zheng Heran , Pan Chen , Meng Jing , Li Jiashuo , Guan Dabo , Li Yuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The marine economic activities has become a vital economic driving force for development of China’s economy. However, the trajectory of greenhouse gas (i.e. GHG) emissions associated the fast growing marine economy and its role in emission mitigation remain unclear. Through compiling high-resolution and time-series environmental input–output tables for 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017, this study quantify development of 13 key marine industries in driving national economic development and its supply chains, and assesses the direct and indirect contributions of marine industries to the national economy and GHGs emissions. Our results show that the total emissions of marine economy increased by 2.3 times from 2002 to 2017, and the share of that in national total emissions increased by 43.3%. The economic output of marine economy may lead to up to 1.8 times of the total economic output in the upstream industries, while the indirect emissions of major marine economy embodied in the upstream supply chains is on average 3.5 times of direct emissions from marine industries. Our findings highlight the necessity of considering total supply chain GHGs emissions associated with the fast growing marine economy to better achieve China’s climate mitigation targets.
A Study on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Structural Concrete using Pumice and Sintered fly ash Aggregates
Authors: Yaswitha Reddy M. Sai , Visweswara Rao V.K. , Srinivasula Reddy M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lightweight aggregates has low density, high permeability than the conventional coarse aggregate. Most commonly available lightweight aggregate (LWA) are Pumice aggregate (PA), which is a natural aggregate, sintered fly ash aggregate (SFA), which is made by sintered processing the fly ash obtained as a by-product of coal based Thermal power plants. Among the many artificial aggregates, SFA is used as a replacement to coarse aggregate to produce lightweight aggregate concrete. This paper presents an experimental study of structural lightweight aggregate concrete (SLWAC) using combination of PA and SFA as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates. In this, the mechanical and durability properties of SLWAC using different percentages i.e., 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of PA and the rest natural coarse aggregate, fully replacement of coarse aggregate with 50% PA and 50% SFA, are evaluated by conducting comprehensive series of tests on strength and permeability parameters. The test results showed better strength and adequate density, at coarse aggregate replacement with 50% PA and 50% SFA, to be accepted as SLWAC as per ASTM standards. When the coarse aggregate is completely replaced by pumice aggregate alone, the strength achieved is poor and is suitable for non-structural members. In this study, the mixes are designed for M25 grade concrete and the results are then compared with M25 grade of conventional concrete (CC).
The Role of Boundary Layer Theory in Soccer Ball Dynamics
Authors: Kapothanillath Abhijith Namboodiri , Pradeep Sidharth , Sathishkumar Shriram , Balaji K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The boundary layer theory plays a major role in the development of fluid mechanics applications especially in the sports ball dynamics. Whenever an object travels through the air, it experiences aerodynamic forces acting on it. Sport balls, uses these forces to deviate from its expected path of flight. Thus, creating an advantage which can be exploited by the playing members to improve their skills. The present study focuses on numerical simulation of aerodynamic flow over a soccer ball and estimated the drag coefficient. In order to a get more precise results, the effect of gravity is included to study the dynamics of flow. The variation of drag coefficient is plotted as a function of Reynolds number and wind speed. The computational result had a good agreement with existing empirical data.
Design and Analysis of a Self-balancing Bicycle Model
Authors: Nitheesh kumar G , Navneeth S , Suraj A , Sreedharan Pramod 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the design and analysis of a self-balancing bicycle model. The objective was to develop an efficient design that can be fabricated in the future. The different methods of balancing a bicycle were studied to develop an optimal design. Solidworks 17 and Ansys 18 have been used for modeling, simulation, and analysis of the structure. The use of a Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) to balance the bicycle model was studied and the results show that the effect of precession increases with an increase in rpm and the weight of the flywheel. Thus, a bicycle model actuated with CMG is far more stable and less prone to accidental tilts and toppling than one without. The studied data can be used for future research.
Product design and development of a reading aid for the visually impaired
Authors: Gopinath Ajith , Babu Shibin , Claudius Allen Bob , Ismail Shaik Mohammed , Sandeep O.S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One of the main hurdles for the blind are to read, easily and there by learn and graduate. Various researches are happening to reduce the effort required for the blind to read in terms of aids which can speak out the written data. The current research targets to design and fabricate a reading aid for the visually impaired. This device will help them to identify the text written in any book or page by scanning the text and speaking it out to them with the help of a mobile application called KNFB reader which helps to read anything to blind or dyslexic people. This project utilizes the fact that majority of the people use smartphones, which can be used for the advantage of the blind people. Based on a survey conducted among the blind people with the help of an NGO Anuprayas all the criteria for the design of reading aid, in the current project were selected. Four sample designs were prepared after taking the criteria for reading aid into consideration. Forced Decision matrix (FD) analysis and Decision alternative ratio System (DARE) analysis, which are tools to rank the properties based on the priority, were conducted to identify the most influential parameter for the design. The parameters were ranked based on these analyses. The ergonomics, cost and durability were the most important properties desired in the product. This product can be deployed for the effective utilization by public at railway stations, bus stations, libraries etc. This will enable the blind to be selfindependent and have the information available for them whenever they need it.
Enhanced removal of ultrafine particles from kerosene combustion using a dielectric barrier discharge reactor packed with porous alumina balls
Authors: LI Jing , LU Haiquan , WANG Qi , LI Guojian , YAO Shuiliang , WU Zuliang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are harmful to human beings, and their effective removal from the environment is an urgent necessity. In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor packed with porous alumina (PA) balls driven by a pulse power supply was developed to remove the UFPs (ranging from 20 to 100 nm) from the exhaust gases of kerosene combustion. Five types of DBD reactors were established to evaluate the effect of plasma catalysis on the removal efficiency of UFPs. The influences of gas flow rate, peak voltage and pulse frequency of different reactors on UFPs removal were investigated. It was found that a high total UFP removal of 91.4% can be achieved in the DBD reactor entirely packed with PA balls. The results can be attributed to the enhanced charge effect of the UFPs with PA balls in the discharge space. The UFP removals by diffusion deposition and electrostatic attraction were further calculated, indicating that particle charging is vital to achieve high removal efficiency for UFPs.
Longitudinal Associations Between Changes in Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Use, Eating Behavior, Perceived Stress, and Self-Rated Health in a Cohort of Low-Income Black Adults
Authors: Bloom Erika Litvin , Bogart Andy , Dubowitz Tamara , Collins Rebecca L , Ghosh-Dastidar Bonnie , Gary-Webb Tiffany L , Troxel Wendy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Black adults in the U.S. experience significant health disparities related to tobacco use and obesity. Conducting observational studies of the associations between smoking and other health behaviors and indicators among Black adults may contribute to the development of tailored interventions.

Purpose
We examined associations between change in cigarette smoking and alcohol use, body mass index, eating behavior, perceived stress, and self-rated health in a cohort of Black adults who resided in low-income urban neighborhoods and participated in an ongoing longitudinal study.

Methods
Interviews were conducted in 2011, 2014, and 2018; participants (N = 904) provided at least two waves of data. We fit linear and logistic mixed-effects models to evaluate how changes in smoking status from the previous wave to the subsequent wave were related to each outcome at that subsequent wave.

Results
Compared to repeated smoking (smoking at previous and subsequent wave), repeated nonsmoking (nonsmoking at previous and subsequent wave) was associated with greater likelihood of recent dieting (OR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.13, 2.23], p = .007) and future intention (OR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.61, 2.98], p &lt; .001) and self-efficacy (OR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.21, 2.23], p = .002) to eat low calorie foods, and greater odds of excellent or very good self-rated health (OR = 2.47, 95% CI [1.53, 3.99], p &lt; .001). Transitioning from smoking to nonsmoking was associated with greater self-efficacy to eat low calorie foods (OR = 1.89, 95% CI [1.1, 3.26], p = .021), and lower perceived stress (β = −0.69, 95% CI [−1.34, −0.05], p = .036).

Conclusions
We found significant longitudinal associations between smoking behavior and eating behavior, perceived stress, and self-rated health. These findings have implications for the development of multiple behavior change programs and community-level interventions and policies.
Effects of gait adaptability training on falls and fall-related fractures in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nørgaard Jens Eg , Jorgensen Martin Gronbech , Ryg Jesper , Andreasen Jane , Danielsen Mathias Brix , Steiner Daniel Kjærgaard , Andersen Stig 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
falls among older adults are common and can have devastating consequences. A novel task-specific exercise modality, gait adaptability training (GAT), has shown promising preventive effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesise the evidence regarding GATs effect on falls and fall-related fractures in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL) were systematically searched from inception to 18 June 2020. Additional sources include searches of trial registrations, manual screening of reference lists and requests to experts. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of GAT on falls with at least 6-month follow-up among community-dwelling people aged 60+ years. Two reviewers independently screened studies against eligibility criteria, extracted relevant information and appraised studies for bias. Random-effects meta-analytic models were employed to pool effect estimates.

Results
eleven studies with 1,131 participants were included. A meta-analysis in which an outlier study was excluded showed that GAT reduces fall rates by 42% (incidence rate ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39–0.81, I2 = 0.00%; moderate certainty; seven RCTs). Moreover, proportion with fall-related fractures and proportion of fallers was reduced by 81% (risk ratio [RR] 0.19, 95% CI 0.06–0.56, I2 = 0.00%; very low certainty; two RCTs) and 43% (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.4–to 0.8, I2 = 47.08%; low certainty; 11 RCTs), respectively.

Conclusions
our results show that GAT significantly reduces the number of falls and prevents fall-related fractures in older community dwellers. GAT is a promising and feasible exercise modality; however, studies of high quality should be conducted to support a robust conclusion.

Protocol registration
PROSPERO; CRD42020191051.
Multivariate Optimization of an SPME Technique for GC–MS Analysis of Urinary BTX
Authors: Ribeiro-Júnior Flávio Henrique , Silveira Alberto Thalison , de Faria Henrique Dipe , dos Reis Giusto Luana Aparecida , Pissetti Fábio Luiz , Martins Isarita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX), are recognized as environmental contaminants due to their acute and chronic toxic effects, and toluene is a substance contained in products used in inhalants. In this way, methods able to determine these substances in non-invasive matrices offer great applicability for assessing acute exposure. In this study, a functionalized polymer, chloropropyltrimethoxysilane/polydimethylsiloxane, was evaluated as a potential material to be used in solid-phase microextraction for the quantification of BTX in urine by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The method optimization was performed by using fractional factorial planning 2 (4–1) and the Doehlert’s experiment. Desorption time and salinity were the most important factors that impact the sensitivity of the method. Spectroscopic and thermogravimetric characterization demonstrated the functionalization of the material and its thermal stability up to 390°C. This allowed it to be used for ~60 analytical cycles without loss of efficiency. The proposed method demonstrated a satisfactory analytical performance to determine the VOCs studied. The protocol agrees with the principles of green analytical chemistry since the procedure reduced the reagents consumed and wastes generated. It represents a promising tool for acute exposure assessment to BTX since urine tests demonstrated its applicability.
Increased Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Activation Phenotypes and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Masso-Silva Jorge A , Moshensky Alexander , Lam Michael T Y , Odish Mazen F , Patel Arjun , Xu Le , Hansen Emily , Trescott Samantha , Nguyen Celina , Kim Roy , Perofsky Katherine , Perera Samantha , Ma Lauren , Pham Josephine , Rolfsen Mark , Olay Jarod , Shin John , Dan Jennifer M , Abbott Robert K , Ramirez Sydney , Alexander Thomas H , Lin Grace Y , Fuentes Ana Lucia , Advani Ira , Gunge Deepti , Pretorius Victor , Malhotra Atul , Sun Xin , Duran Jason , Hepokoski Mark , Crotty Shane , Coufal Nicole G , Meier Angela , Crotty Alexander Laura E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Increased inflammation has been well defined in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while definitive pathways driving severe forms of this disease remain uncertain. Neutrophils are known to contribute to immunopathology in infections, inflammatory diseases, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Changes in neutrophil function in COVID-19 may give insight into disease pathogenesis and identify therapeutic targets.

Methods
Blood was obtained serially from critically ill COVID-19 patients for 11 days. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis), oxidative burst, phagocytosis, and cytokine levels were assessed. Lung tissue was obtained immediately postmortem for immunostaining. PubMed searches for neutrophils, lung, and COVID-19 yielded 10 peer-reviewed research articles in English.

Results
Elevations in neutrophil-associated cytokines interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 6, and general inflammatory cytokines IFN-inducible protien-19, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 1β, interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor, were identified both at first measurement and across hospitalization (P &lt; .0001). COVID-19 neutrophils had exaggerated oxidative burst (P &lt; .0001), NETosis (P &lt; .0001), and phagocytosis (P &lt; .0001) relative to controls. Increased NETosis correlated with leukocytosis and neutrophilia, and neutrophils and NETs were identified within airways and alveoli in lung parenchyma of 40% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected lungs available for examination (2 of 5). While elevations in IL-8 and absolute neutrophil count correlated with disease severity, plasma IL-8 levels alone correlated with death.

Conclusions
Literature to date demonstrates compelling evidence of increased neutrophils in the circulation and lungs of COVID-19 patients. Importantly, neutrophil quantity and activation correlates with severity of disease. Similarly, our data show that circulating neutrophils in COVID-19 exhibit an activated phenotype with enhanced NETosis and oxidative burst.
Perinatal DEHP exposure induces sex- and tissue-specific DNA methylation changes in both juvenile and adult mice
Authors: Liu Siyu , Wang Kai , Svoboda Laurie K , Rygiel Christine A , Neier Kari , Jones Tamara R , Cavalcante Raymond G , Colacino Justin A , Dolinoy Dana C , Sartor Maureen A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDi(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a type of phthalate plasticizer found in a variety of consumer products and poses a public health concern due to its metabolic and endocrine disruption activities. Dysregulation of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, has been shown to be an important mechanism for the pathogenic effects of prenatal exposures, including phthalates. In this study, we used an established mouse model to study the effect of perinatal DEHP exposure on the DNA methylation profile in liver (a primary target tissue of DEHP) and blood (a common surrogate tissue) of both juvenile and adult mice. Despite exposure ceasing at 3 weeks of age (PND21), we identified thousands of sex-specific differential DNA methylation events in 5-month old mice, more than identified at PND21, both in blood and liver. Only a small number of these differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) overlapped between the time points, or between tissues (i.e. liver and blood), indicating blood may not be an appropriate surrogate tissue to estimate the effects of DEHP exposure on liver DNA methylation. We detected sex-specific DMCs common between 3-week and 5-month samples, pointing to specific DNA methylation alterations that are consistent between weanling and adult mice. In summary, this is the first study to assess the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in liver and blood at two different aged cohorts in response to perinatal DEHP exposure. Our findings cast light on the implications of using surrogate tissue instead of target tissue in human population-based studies and identify epigenetic biomarkers for DEHP exposure.