bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regular pre‐admission urate‐lowering therapy and serum urate testing are associated with a shorter hospital length of stay in people with gout: A nation‐wide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Jatuworapruk Kanon , Grainger Rebecca , Dalbeth Nicola , Taylor William J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to explore the association between inpatient gout flare‐related variables and the length of stay (LOS) in hospitalized people with comorbid gout.MethodsUsing data from the Aotearoa/New Zealand national data collections, this cohort study included adults with comorbid gout who were admitted to publicly funded hospitals during 2017 for reasons other than gout. The primary outcome was LOS. Association between 20 variables and the LOS was explored using two generalized linear models. Directed acyclic graph (DAG) was constructed to evaluate the causal relationship between pre‐admission urate lowering therapy (ULT) and LOS.ResultsThe cohort included 36 047 admissions. We identified five variables associated with shorter LOS (pre‐admission regular urate‐lowering therapy (ULT), serum urate testing, male gender, Māori ethnicity and low‐dose aspirin) and seven variables associated with longer LOS (M3 multimorbidity index, acute admission, operation, loop diuretics, potassium‐sparing diuretics, NSAIDs, and age). Regular ULT had the strongest impact on shorter LOS (10% shorter). The model estimated an additional four days of hospitalization if the patient had multiple variables associated with longer LOS. DAG suggested a causal relationship between regular ULT and LOS under the condition that all unobserved confounders affected only ULT use, with no impact on in‐hospital gout flares and/or LOS except through its influence on ULT use or as mediator of confounders that were observed.ConclusionWe have identified a set of gout flare‐related variables found to be associated with LOS in hospitalized people with comorbid gout. Pre‐admission ULT may help reduce the LOS in such patients.
Sex‐specific accelerated decay in time/activity‐dependent plasticity and associative memory in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Navakkode Sheeja , Gaunt Jessica Ruth , Pavon Maria Vazquez , Bansal Vibhavari Aysha , Abraham Riya Prasad , Chong Yee Song , Ch'ng Toh Hean , Sajikumar Sreedharan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClinical studies have shown that female brains are more predisposed to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this disparity remain unknown. In several mouse models of AD, synaptic plasticity dysfunction is an early event and appears before significant accumulation of amyloid plaques and neuronal degeneration. However, it is unclear whether sexual dimorphism at the synaptic level contributes to the higher risk and prevalence of AD in females. Our studies on APP/PS1 (APPSwe/PS1dE9) mouse model show that AD impacts hippocampal long‐term plasticity in a sex‐specific manner. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) induced by strong tetanic stimulation (STET), theta burst stimulation (TBS) and population spike timing‐dependent plasticity (pSTDP) show a faster decay in AD females compared with age‐matched AD males. In addition, behavioural tagging (BT), a model of associative memory, is specifically impaired in AD females with a faster decay in memory compared with males. Together with the plasticity and behavioural data, we also observed an upregulation of neuroinflammatory markers, along with downregulation of transcripts that regulate cellular processes associated with synaptic plasticity and memory in females. Immunohistochemistry of AD brains confirms that female APP/PS1 mice carry a higher amyloid plaque burden and have enhanced microglial activation compared with male APP/PS1 mice. Their presence in the diseased mice also suggests a link between the impairment of LTP and the upregulation of the inflammatory response. Overall, our data show that synaptic plasticity and associative memory impairments are more prominent in females and this might account for the faster progression of AD in females.
FGF2 is an endogenous regulator of alcohol reward and consumption
Authors: Even‐Chen Oren , Herburg Leonie , Kefalakes Ekaterini , Urshansky Nataly , Grothe Claudia , Barak Segev 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing disorder, characterized by escalating alcohol drinking and loss of control, with very limited available treatments. We recently reported that the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2) is increased in the striatum of rodents following long‐term excessive alcohol drinking and that the systemic or intra‐striatal administration of recombinant FGF2 increases alcohol consumption. Here, we set out to determine whether the endogenous FGF2 plays a role in alcohol drinking and reward, by testing the behavioural phenotype of Fgf2 knockout mice. We found that Fgf2 deficiency resulted in decreased alcohol consumption when tested in two‐bottle choice procedures with various alcohol concentrations. Importantly, these effects were specific for alcohol, as a natural reward (sucrose) or water consumption was not affected by Fgf2 deficiency. In addition, Fgf2 knockout mice failed to show alcohol‐conditioned place preference (CPP) but showed normal fear conditioning, suggesting that deletion of the growth factor reduces alcohol's rewarding properties. Finally, Fgf2 knockout mice took longer to recover from the loss of righting reflex and showed higher blood alcohol concentrations when challenged with an intoxicating alcohol dose, suggesting that their ethanol metabolism might be affected. Together, our results show that the endogenous FGF2 plays a critical role in alcohol drinking and reward and indicate that FGF2 is a positive regulator of alcohol‐drinking behaviours. Our findings suggest that FGF2 is a potential biomarker for problem alcohol drinking and is a potential target for pharmacotherapy development for AUD.
Target‐group backgrounds prove effective at correcting sampling bias in Maxent models
Authors: Barber Robert A. , Ball Stuart G. , Morris Roger K. A. , Gilbert Francis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimAccounting for sampling bias is the greatest challenge facing presence‐only and presence‐background species distribution models; no matter what type of model is chosen, using biased data will mask the true relationship between occurrences and environmental predictors. To address this issue, we review four established bias correction techniques, using empirical occurrences with known sampling effort, and virtual species with known distributions.InnovationOccurrence data come from a national recording scheme of hoverflies (Syrphidae) in Great Britain, spanning 1983–2002. Target‐group backgrounds, distance‐restricted backgrounds, travel time to cities and human population density were used to account for sampling bias in 58 species of hoverfly. Distributions generated by bias correction techniques were compared in geographical space to the distribution produced accounting for known sampling effort, using Schoener's distance, centroid shifts and range size changes. To validate our results, we performed the same comparisons using 50 randomly generated virtual species. We used sampling effort from the hoverfly recording scheme to structure our biased sampling regime, emulating complex real‐life sampling bias.Main conclusionsModels made without any correction typically produced distributions that mapped sampling effort rather than the underlying habitat suitability. Target‐group backgrounds performed the best at emulating sampling effort and unbiased virtual occurrences, but also showed signs of overcompensation in places. Other methods performed better than no‐correction, but often differences were difficult to visually detect. In line with previous studies, when sampling effort is unknown, target‐group backgrounds provide a useful tool for reducing the effect of sampling bias. Models should be visually inspected for biological realism to identify any areas of potential overcompensation. Given the disparity between corrected and un‐corrected models, sampling bias constitutes a major source of error in species distribution modelling, and more research is needed to confidently address the issue.
Region‐of‐interest analysis approaches in neuroimaging studies of body ownership: An activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis
Authors: Nilsson Martin , Kalckert Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHow do we feel that we own our body? By manipulating the integration of multisensory signals and creating the illusory experience of owning external body parts and entire bodies, researchers have investigated the neurofunctional correlates of body ownership. Recent attempts to synthesize the neuroimaging literature of body ownership through meta‐analysis have shown partly inconsistent results. A large proportion of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings on body ownership include analyses based on regions of interest (ROIs). This approach can produce inflated findings when results are synthesized in meta‐analyses. We conducted a systematic search of the fMRI literature of ownership of body parts and entire bodies. Three activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analyses were conducted, testing the impact of including ROI‐based findings. When both whole‐brain and ROI‐based results were included, frontal and posterior parietal multisensory areas were associated with body ownership. When only ROI‐based results were included, larger areas of the frontal and posterior parietal cortices and the middle occipital gyrus were associated with body ownership. A whole‐brain meta‐analysis, excluding ROI‐based results, found no significant convergence of activation across the brain. These findings highlight the difficulty of quantitatively synthesizing a neuroimaging field where a large part of the literature is based on findings from ROI‐based analyses. We discuss these findings in the light of current practices within this field of research and highlight current problems of meta‐analytic approaches of body ownership. We recommend the sharing of unthresholded data as a means to facilitate future meta‐analyses of the neuroimaging literature of body ownership.
Low‐beta repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during object recognition memory sample presentation, at a task‐related frequency observed in local field potentials in homologous macaque cortex, impairs subsequent recollection but not familiarity
Authors: Wu Zhemeng , Kavanova Martina , Hickman Lydia , Boschin Erica A. , Galeazzi Juan M. , Verhagen Lennart , Ainsworth Matthew , Pedreira Carlos , Buckley Mark J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccording to dual‐process signal‐detection (DPSD) theories, short‐ and long‐term recognition memory draws upon both familiarity and recollection. It remains unclear how primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) contributes to these processes, but frequency‐specific neuronal activities are considered to play a key role. In Experiment 1, nonhuman primate (NHP) local field potential (LFP) electrophysiological recordings in macaque left dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) revealed performance‐related differences in a low‐beta frequency range during the sample presentation phase of a visual object recognition memory task. Experiment 2 employed a similar task in humans and targeted left dlPFC (and vertex as a control) with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at 12.5 Hz during occasional sample presentations. This low‐beta frequency rTMS to dlPFC decreased DPSD derived indices of recollection, but not familiarity, in subsequent memory tests of the targeted samples after short delays. The same number of rTMS pulses over the same total duration albeit at a random frequency had no effect on either recollection or familiarity. Neither stimulation protocols had any causal effect upon behaviour when targeted to the control site (vertex). In this study, our hypotheses for our human TMS study were derived from our observations in NHPs; this approach might inspire further translational research through investigation of homologous brain regions and tasks across species using similar neuroscientific methodologies to advance the neural mechanism of recognition memory in primates.
Insomnia disorder update: the benefits of screening and treatment for this common presentation
Authors: Ree Melissa J. , Richardson Cele 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInsomnia is a chronic condition and major healthcare problem for Australians across the lifespan. Insomnia's high prevalence and disease burden render it an important target for treatment. Further, and importantly, there exist established bidirectional links between insomnia and a range of health conditions, with insomnia both contributing to risk, maintenance and relapse of comorbid conditions. Recent clinical research demonstrates that treating insomnia in its own right is important for resolution of insomnia and for optimising treatment outcomes for comorbid presenting problems. Due to its effectiveness and favourable side‐effect profile, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy‐Insomnia (CBT‐I) is the recommended first‐line treatment even when comorbid conditions are present. CBT‐I is a brief treatment often delivered in four to eight consultations. Individual, group and online CBT‐I have each demonstrated effectiveness. Outcomes for online CBT‐I are often stronger when individualised clinician support is provided. Specifically assessing for and treating insomnia in clinical practice may provide an opportunity to optimise treatment outcome in many patients.
Coping strategies and stressors of nursing students in the care of sex trafficking victims
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Puertas Lorena , Márquez‐Hernández Verónica V. , Aguilera‐Manrique Gabriel , Molina‐Torres Guadalupe , Rodriguez‐Arrastia Miguel , Román‐López Pablo , Ropero‐Padilla Carmen , Rodríguez‐García Mª Carmen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring their clinical practice, nursing students face a number of complex clinical situations, which may include treating victims of sex trafficking. These clinical experiences can lead to stress for the nursing students, which may hinder their learning process. Nonetheless, there is very little educational training provided in nursing programmes on this topic. The objective of this study was to identify the coping strategies and stressors perceived by nursing students in the care of sex trafficking victims. A pre‐post study of a single group was carried out. The TREND guidelines were followed. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Coping Behavior Inventory (CBI) were used for data collection. On the PSS, the average scores were lower after the intervention in all dimensions, except related to teachers and nursing staff and peers and daily life. Statistically significant differences were found when comparing the results of the total average score of the PSS and the time of measurement (pre/post‐intervention) (t(106) = 38.811; P < 0.001). Regarding the Coping Behavior Inventory, the average scores in each dimension increased after the intervention, except transference behaviours. Statistically significant differences were found when comparing the total average score of the questionnaire and the time of measurement (Z = −13.357; P < 0.001). The total stress levels and coping strategies of nursing students in caring for victims of sex trafficking improved significantly after the intervention. Nursing educators should promote the training of future nursing professionals as a potential effective strategy for the rapid identification and adequate care of sex trafficking victims.
Financialisation, globalisation, and the industrial labour share: A comparison between Iran and Thailand
Authors: Gouzoulis Giorgos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper examines Iran and Thailand and shows that the distributional consequences of financialisation and globalisation do not depend exclusively on the extent of financial deepening and exposure to globalisation. Instead, the cultural and legal underpinnings of the creditor–debtor relationship and the form of global integration matter more.
“Brittleworms”: Ultrastructure and arrangement of the calcified chaetae of Euphrosine (Amphinomida, Annelida)
Authors: Müller Julian , Schumacher Anja , Borda Elizabeth , Rouse Greg W. , Bartolomaeus Thomas , Tilic Ekin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe annelid clade Amphinomidae, commonly known as “fireworms,” is notorious for causing skin inflammations after physical contact. These injuries are caused by the chaetae of the animals, which are calcified and particularly brittle. The incorporation of calcium carbonate particles and their disintegration cause the chitinous lamellae within a chaeta to break apart and result in a prominent inner cavity. Although the chaetae of Amphinomidae are well studied, data concerning their sister group, Euphrosinidae, are scarce. In this study, we examined the chaetae of two species of Euphrosine for the first time regarding the variety of chaetal types, their ultrastructure, elemental composition, and arrangement. This allows us to get a better understanding of chaetal characteristics in the ground pattern of Amphinomida. We were able to determine bifurcate chaetae as the primary chaetal type in Amphinomida and provide evidence that their aciculae must have evolved secondarily. Calcification is a common feature among amphinomidan chaetae and regarded as autapomorphy of Amphinomida. Finally, a single dorsal formative site in each notopodium and neuropodium, found in Euphrosine foliosa, likely represents the ancestral state in Amphinomida. There is no evidence for venom production or secretory cells associated with the chaetae of Euphrosine, which is in accordance with what was previously observed in Amphinomidae. Our study also complements further studies into chaetal characteristics such as the number and arrangement of formative sites.
Effects of physical activity on behaviour and emotional problems, mental health and psychosocial well‐being in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review
Authors: Borland Ross L. , Cameron Lauren A. , Tonge Bruce J. , Gray Kylie M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review aimed to explore the effects of sport and physical activity on behaviour and emotional problems, mental health and psychosocial well‐being of children and adolescents with intellectual disability.MethodFive databases were searched systematically (ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SportDISCUS and SCOPUS), up to 28 February 2021. Thirty‐two studies met criteria for inclusion.ResultsStudies in this review included case studies (n = 15), treatment trials (n = 14), cross sectional studies (n = 2) and a cohort study (n = 1). Evidence was positive, though high risk of bias in treatment trials (7 of 14 rated high) meant generalisability of results was limited.ConclusionsThe available evidence suggests a positive relationship between physical activity and improved behaviour and emotional problems, mental health and psychosocial well‐being; however, more robust randomised controlled trials are required to confirm this.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and anemia among diabetes patients in real clinical practice
Authors: Murashima Miho , Tanaka Tomohiro , Kasugai Takahisa , Tomonari Tatsuya , Ide Atsuki , Ono Minamo , Mizuno Masashi , Suzuki Taisei , Hamano Takayuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were reported to increase hemoglobin levels in short‐term clinical trials. Whether it is also true in real clinical practice is unknown.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study. Inclusion criterion was diabetes patients who visited our outpatient clinic from January 2019 to August 2020. Exposure of interest was the use of SGLT2i. Outcomes were hemoglobin levels. For the cross‐sectional analyses, non‐linear regression models were fitted with restricted cubic splines to investigate the association between hemoglobin levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for users and non‐users of SGLT2i. For the case–control study, cases (anemia defined as hemoglobin <120 g/L for men, <110 g/L for women or the use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents) and controls were matched by age, sex and eGFR.ResultsAmong 2,063 diabetes patients, 723 were taking SGLT2i. In the cross‐sectional analyses, hemoglobin levels were higher among SGLT2i users compared with non‐users at eGFR >15 mL/min/1.73 m2. For the case–control study, 197 cases and controls were matched. Conditional logistic regression showed that the use of SGLT2i was associated with significantly lower prevalence of anemia (odd ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.21–0.58). Adjusted mean differences in hemoglobin levels between users and propensity score‐matched non‐users of SGLT2i were 7.0 g/L (95% confidence interval 3.0–10.0 g/L) at 6 months. Among SGLT2i users, the odds of an increase in 6‐month hemoglobin were similar across eGFR categories, except for eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2.ConclusionsThe use of SGLT2i was associated with higher hemoglobin levels and lower prevalence of anemia in real clinical practice.
Importance of biotic pollination varies across common bean cultivars
Authors: Franceschinelli Edivani Villaron , Ribeiro Paula Louredo Morais , Mesquita‐Neto José Neiva , Bergamini Leonardo Lima , Madureira de Assis Igor , Elias Marcos Antônio Silva , Fernandes Paulo Marçal , Carvalheiro Luísa Gigante 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) flowers are morphologically adapted to biotic pollination, although it is partially autogamous. We evaluated the effect of pollinator visits on pod and seed production of 14 local creole cultivars of P. vulgaris, commonly used in organic farming. We collected descriptive data observing the flower visitors and estimating the number and viability of pollen grains, flower size, nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration. Overall, exposure to flower visitors (legitimate pollinators and robbers) improved production in terms of quantity or quality of pods and/or seeds of eight cultivars and reduced production of two other cultivars. We found 10 insect species visiting flowers of the bean cultivars, but only Xylocopa bees behaved as legitimate pollinators. Other flower visitor species either pierced the corolla base to get the nectar or got the nectar without lowering the flower's wings and keels to touch anthers and stigma. Petal length and nectar features showed few variations among the cultivars. Two cultivars produced a larger amount of pollen grains than the remaining cultivars. Despite some variation across cultivars, our results suggest the importance of native bees to pollination and reproductive success of creole beans.