bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedural Powers of Social Organizations in Animal Protection Matters
Authors: Kruk Emil 
Published: July 2021

Kompetencje procesowe organizacji społecznych w sprawach dotyczących ochrony zwierząt
W artykule autor omawia kompetencje procesowe organizacji społecznych, których statutowym celem działania jest ochrona zwierząt. Przeprowadzone badanie ukierunkowane było przede wszystkim na określenie przesłanek warunkujących możliwość uczestnictwa organizacji społecznej w postępowaniu administracyjnym oraz przesłanek warunkujących możliwość wykonywania przez organizacje społeczne praw pokrzywdzonego w postępowaniu karnym, w postępowaniu w sprawach o wykroczenia oraz w postępowaniu w sprawach nieletnich. Uzupełnieniem poczynionych w tym zakresie ustaleń są uwagi dotyczące postulowanych w ostatnim czasie zmian w ustawie z dnia 21 sierpnia 1997 r. o ochronie zwierząt, odnoszące się do kompetencji procesowych organizacji społecznych, których statutowym celem działania jest ochrona zwierząt.
Obedience to authority, cognitive and affective responses and leadership style in relation to a non-normative order: the Milgram experiment
Authors: Da Costa Silvia , Delfino Gisela , Murattori Marcela , Zubieta Elena , García Lucía , Páez Dario , Beramendi Maite , Sosa Fernanda 
Published: July 2021

The influence of the context on behavioral and emotional reactions to a war crime situation military cadets (N = 315) is analyzed. The study is based on Milgram’s experience and the tragedy of My Lai.It examines personal and peer obedience to an anti-normative order (asking participants whether they would obey an order to shoot unarmed civilians) in five vignettes or scenarios that reproduce Milgram’s conditions and MyLai scenario. This is an experimental between-within study of five scenarios by two conditions (Milgram, 1974). Personal and collective obedience of other military, emotional reactions and values of Schwartz (2012) were measured. Showing enhancement of self-bias it is reported that the pairs would be more likely to shoot than one would. Replicating Milgrams’s results, obedience is greater when the order is given directly by an authority, and lower when there is conflict between authorities and peers rebel. Confirming that identification with humanity and not just with the in-group may prompt respondents to reject an anti-normative order, values of transcendence of the self are associated with less obedience and congruent emotional reactions. Self-perceived transformational leadership was associated with positive emotions towards peer that disobey to fire. However a transformational style perceived in the superior was associated to positive emotions by respect to soldier who open fire, adding information on the potential dark side of this leadership style. The relevance of personal values, leadership style and affectivity in military context is discussed.
STUDI PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN PADA AREAL PASCA TAMBANG DATARAN TINGGI DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Maulidan Ahmad , Arifin Yudi Firmanul , Pujawati Eny Dwi 
Published: July 2021

This research purposed to analyze the growth of the plants on post-mining landbased on the different vegetation ages. The observation was conducted on post-mining area of PT. Antang Gunung Meratus (AGM) at South Hulu Sungai Regency, South Kalimantan. The data retrieval included high condition and diameter of the plants also the physical and chemical characteristics of soil on reclamation area which aged 1 year, 5 years, and 7 years. The dominant species which were in the research location was sengon, trembesi, and gmelina. The average of plants high age 1 year were sengon 1,99 m, trembesi 1,01 m, and gmelina 0,94 m. The average diameter 1 year plants were sengon 4,13 cm, trembesi 2,48 cm, and gmelina 2,70 cm. The average of plants high age 5 years were sengon 7,89 m, trembesi 7,94 m, and gmelina 8,04 m. The average of diameter 5 years plants were sengon 30,49 cm, trembesi 25,23 cm and gmelina 21,38 cm. The average of high growth and diameter of 7 years old sengon plants is 13,02 m, and is diameter 30,18 cm.Keywords: Post-mining; Growth; Sengon, Trembesi; Gmelina
SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS PAPAN KOMPOSIT DARI SERAT BATANG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) DENGAN BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI PEREKAT PVAC
Authors: Hasan Muhammad , Rahmadi Adi , Arryati Henny 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PVAc adhesive composition on the physical and mechanical properties of the composite boards of palm oil stems and determine the best test example from a technical and economic point of view. This research will be carried out at the Banjarbaru Forestry Faculty Workshop. Research time ± 3. There are 3 levels (levels) of the PVAc adhesive composition tested, namely 40%, 45%, and 50%. The parameters of the composite board properties studied were physical properties, including: Moisture content and density, as well as the mechanical properties that fracture strength (MoR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of composite boards were strongly influenced by the adhesive composition, the more the adhesive composition is used, the better the composite board properties, especially in terms of water content and MoR, where the results show that the water content is decreasing and the MoR is increasing. Nevertheless the use of a 40% adhesive composition has been able to produce a composite board that can meet SNI standards No. 03-2105 2006. Properties of palm oil stem waste composite boards made with PVAc adhesive (Crosslink X-PVAc) moisture content ranged from 9.49% - 13.07%, density 0.494 - 0.559 gr / cm³, and MoR 20.613 - 22.483 kg / cm².Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi perekat PVAc terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis papan komposit dari batang kelapa sawit dan menentukan contoh uji yang terbaik dari segi teknis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Workshop Fakultas Kehutanan Banjarbaru. Waktu penelitian ±3. Ada 3 taraf (level) dari perlakuan komposisi perekat PVAc yang diuji cobakan, yaitu 40%, 45%, dan 50%. Adapun parameter sifat papan komposit yang diteliti adalah sifat fisis, meliputi: Kadar air dan kerapatan, serta sifat mekanisya itu keteguhan patah (MoR) dan keteguhan lentur (MOE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat fisis dan mekanis papan komposit sangat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi perekat, semakin bertambah komposisi perekat yang digunakan maka sifat papan komposit semakin baik, terutama ditinjau dari kadar air dan MoR, dimana hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar air semakin berkurang dan MoR makin meningkat. Meskipun demikian penggunaan komposisi perekat 40% sudah dapat menghasilkan papan komposit yang dapat memenihi standar SNI no 03-2105 2006. Sifat papan komposit limbah batang kelapa sawit yang dibuat dengan perekat PVAc (Crosslink X-PVAc) kadar air berkisar 9,49% – 13,07%, Kerapatan 0,494 - 0.559 gr/cm³, dan MoR 20.613 – 22.483 kg/cm².
UJI FITOKIMIA TUMBUHAN CEMARA GUNUNG (Casuarina junghuniana), MERAMBUNG (Vernonia arborea), DAN LIMPASU (Baccaurea lanceolata) DI KAWASAN HUTAN DENGAN TUJUAN KHUSUS ULM
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad , Sutiya Budi , Yuniarti Yuniarti 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to qualitatively identify active chemical compounds namely the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, and quinons in cemara gunung, merambung and limpasu. Simplisia retrieval and processing of cemara gunung, merambung, and limpasu parts of stems, roots, bark and leaves is taken in KHDTK ULM. Existing materials are then given treatment until it becomes powder for further phytochemical tests according Harbone (1978). Phytochemical testing with phytochemical screening methods conducted component tests of active chemical compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tritrpenoids, tannins, saponins, and quinons. Phytochemical qualitative test results (screening) are processed in the form of data tabulation. Based on the research that has been done, the most widely found active compounds are Steroid compounds, almost in all parts of the cemara gunung, merambung, and limpasu except on the roots of mountain firs, while tanin there are all at the stems, roots, and skin of the limpasu. The active compound Flavonoids are not found at all in all parts of cemara gunung, merambung, and limpasu. Active compounds Alkaloids, Triterpenoids, Saponins, and Quinons are found only a few in the stems, roots, skin, and leaves of cemara gunung, merambung, and limpasu.Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengidentifikasi secara kualitatif senyawa kimia aktif yaitu kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid,tanin, saponin, dan quinon pada tumbuhan cemara gunung, merambung dan limpasu. Pengambilan dan Pengolahan Simplisia dari pohon cemara gunung, merambung, dan limpasu bagian batang, akar, kulit dan daun diambil di KHDTK ULM. Bahan yang sudah ada lalu diberikan perlakuan hingga menjadi serbuk untuk selanjutnya dilakukan uji fitokimia menurut Harbone (1978). Pengujian Fitokimia dengan metode skrining fitokimia yang dilakukan uji komponen senyawa kimia aktifnya yang meliputi alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, tritrpenoid, tanin, saponin, dan quinon. Hasil uji kualitatif (skrining) fitokimia diolah dalam bentuk tabulasi data. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, senyawa aktif yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah senyawa Steroid, hampir di semua bagian tumbuhan cemara gunung, merambung, dan limpasu kecuali pada bagian akar cemara gunung, sedangkan senyawa Tanin ada pada semua bagian batang, akar, dan kulit limpasu. Senyawa aktif Flavonoid tidak ditemukan sama sekali pada semua bagian tumbuhan cemara gunung, merambung, dan limpasu. Senyawa aktif Alkaloid, Triterpenoid, Saponin, dan Quinon ditemukan hanya beberapa di bagian batang, akar, kulit, dan daun tumbuhan cemara gunung, merambung, dan limpasu.
ANALISIS TINGKAT BAHAYA EROSI PADA VEGETASI KEBUN KARET PADA BERBAGAI KELERENGAN DI SUB DAS BATI-BATI DAS MALUKA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Lumbantoruan Shinta Uli , Kadir Syarifuddin , Nisa Khairun 
Published: July 2021

The danger level of erosion at each land closure and Slopes has different results. It is important to know the handling of erosion hazards later. The purpose of this study is to calculate the amount of erosion due to changes in land closures and to know the level of erosion hazard (TBE) of rubber plantations on various slopes in Sub Das Bati – Bati Das Maluka. The research method is purposive random sampling. Sample points taken based on soil type, slopes class, vegetation, and land cover are adjusted to the land units of the land unit map (overlay). Soil sampling using ring samples and soil drills will then be tested. Land cover and marbles are closely related to erosion values. The highest erosion value is in Land Unit (LU) 38 with an erosion value of 73.64 tons/ha/yr, while the lowest value is at LU 7 with an erosion value of 6.34 tons/ha/yr. The degree of erosion hazard is related to the soil solum. Erosion hazard level in all land units and land cover indicates grade II-S (medium) is present at LU 38 while light (I-SR) is on, LU 37, LU 50, and LU 59, and very light (0-SR) is on LU 7 and LU 34.Tingkat bahaya erosi pada masing-masing penutupan lahan dan kelerengan mempunyai hasil yang berbeda. Hal ini penting untuk mengetahui penanganan bahaya erosi nantinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menghitung besarnya jumlah erosi akibat perubahan penutupan lahan serta mengetahui tingkat bahaya erosi (TBE) vegetasi kebun karet pada berbagai kelerengan di Sub Das Bati-Bati Das Maluka. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara purposive random sampling. Titik sampel yang diambil berdasarkan jenis tanah, kelas kelerengan, vegetasi, dan tutupan lahan yang disesuaikan dengan unit lahan dari peta satuan lahan (overlay). Pengambilan sampel tanah menggunakan ring sample dan bor tanah yang kemudian akan dilakukan pengujian. Tutupan lahan dan kelerengan erat kaitannya dengan nilai erosi. Nilai erosi tertinggi berada pada Unit Lahan (UL) 38 dengan nilai erosi sebesar 73,64 ton/ha/thn, sedangkan nilai terendah ada pada UL 7 dengan nilai erosi sebesar 6,34 ton/ha/thn. Tingkat bahaya erosi berhubungan dengan solum tanah. Tingkat bahaya erosi pada semua unit lahan dan tutupan lahan, menunjukkan TBE kelas II-S (sedang) terdapat pada UL 38 sedangkan TBE ringan (I-SR) ada pada, UL 37, UL 50, dan UL 59 serta TBE sangat ringan (0-SR) ada pada UL 7 dan UL 34.
PERBEDAAN TUTUPAN LAHAN TERHADAP TINGGI MUKA AIR SUMUR GALI DI DESA SUMBER BARU KECAMATAN ANGSANA KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU
Authors: Muslikhah Siami , Ruslan Muhammad , Badaruddin Badaruddin 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference in land cover to the water level of dug wells with different distances. This research was conducted by interviewing respondents using the Random Sampling method. Based on the results of observations of dug wells in the field before the oil palm plantations, the dug well water did not dry up during the dry season, both on PKS 1 land cover, PKS 2, and mixed gardens, whereas during the rainy season the water conditions at dug wells were very good at all land cover. And the condition of dug well water after the existence of oil palm plantations has decreased the quantity of well water, the results in the dry season showed a decrease in water level. In the rainy season there is an increase in water level from 1- 4 m. Measurement of dug well water discharge from settlement to oil palm plantations with PKS 1 land cover has the highest water discharge 0.24 m3 / hour, PKS 2 has the highest water discharge 1.01 m3 / hour, and mixed gardens have the highest water discharge 2.34 m3 / hour. The highest well water quantity in PKS 1 is 12.19 m, in PKS 2 the highest well water quantity is 14.36 m, while in mixed gardens the highest well water quantity is 12.31 m. Observation of water quality refers to 4 parameters namely color, odor, taste and pH of water. From the results of observations of dug well water on PKS 1, PKS 2 land cover, and mixed water gardens that are colorless (clear, clean), odorless, tasteless and water pH reaches 5-6.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbedaan tutupan lahan terhadap tinggi muka air sumur gali dengan jarak yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan wawancara responden menggunakan metode Random Sampling. Berdasarkan Hasil pengamatan sumur gali di lapangan pada saat sebelum ada perkebunan sawit keadaan air sumur gali tidak kering di saat musim kemarau baik pada tutupan lahan PKS 1, PKS 2, dan kebun campuran, sedangkan pada saat musim penghujan keadaan air di sumur gali sangat baik di semua tutupan lahan. Dan keadaan air sumur gali setelah adanya perkebunan kelapa sawit mengalami penurunan kuantitas air sumur, hasil pada musim kemarau menunjukkan adanya penurunan tinggi muka air. Pada musim hujan terjadi kenaikan tinggi muka air dari 1- 4 m. Pengukuran debit air sumur gali dari pemukiman ke perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan tutupan lahan PKS 1 memiliki debit air tertinggi 0,24 m3/jam, PKS 2 memiliki debit air tertinggi 1,01 m3/jam, dan kebun campuran memiliki debit air tertinggi 2,34 m3/jam. Kuantitas air sumur tertinggi pada PKS 1 yaitu 12,19 m, pada PKS 2 kuantitas air sumur tertinggi yaitu 14,36 m, sedangkan pada kebun campuran kuantitas air sumur tertinggi yaitu 12,31 m. Pengamatan kualitas air mengacu pada 4 parameter yaitu warna, bau, rasa dan pH air. Dari hasil pengamatan air sumur gali pada tutupan lahan PKS 1, PKS 2, dan kebun campuran air tidak berwarna (jernih, bersih), tidak ber Bau, tidak memiliki rasa dan pH air mencapai 5–6.
IDENTIFIKASI KESEHATAN TANAMAN PADA ANAKAN BALANGERAN (Shorea balangeran) DI PERSEMAIAN BALAI PENGELOLAAN DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI DAN HUTAN LINDUNG BARITO, BANJARBARU
Authors: Shabrina Laily , Naemah Dina , Rachmawati Normela 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the cause of the damage encountered in balince chicks, the method used in this study is sampling of plants by observing one by one of the prince chicks in a total of 2603 beds. Observations were carried out in accordance with the instructions in the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) with modification, the results of observations showed the highest cause of damage was due to pest attacks (89.05%) with parts of the plant being heavily attacked namely leaves marked with nodules on leaves and damaged due to being eaten by green grasshoppers and the lowest attack was due to disease ( 5.49%) with plant parts that are often attacked in the leaves marked with red spots on the leaves.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penyebab kerusakan yang ditemui pada anakan balangeran, cara yang dilakukan untuk mengambil data tanaman dengan mengamati satu persatu anakan balangeran pada satu bedeng yang berjumlah 2603. Pengamatan yang dilakukan sesuai dengan petunjuk pada Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) dengan modifikasi, Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan Penyebab kerusakan tertinggi yaitu akibat serangan hama (89,05%) dengan anakan yang paling besar mendapat serangan hama adalah pada bagian daun yang membentuk bintil – bintil pada daun dan yang rusak akibat dimakan oleh belalang hijau dan serangan paling rendah yaitu akibat penyakit (5,49%) yang sering diserang yaitu pada bagian daun yang menimbulkan bercak merah pada daun.
Assessment of the Viability of SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus on Various Types of Test Surfaces, as Well as in Drinking and Sea Water
Authors: Zolin V. V. , Os’kina O. P. , Solodky V. V. , Eremina M. N. , Davydov G. F. , Gosteva T. A. 
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of the residual infectious activity of the SARSCoV-2 virus on various types of surfaces, including banknotes and coins, in samples of drinking dechlorinated water and samples imitating seawater, with a concentration of sodium chloride salts of 0.9 and 3.5 % at a temperature of 24–28 ºC.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out using the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strain nCoV/Victoria/1/2020, from the collection of the SSC VB “Vector”, the initial titer being (6.0±0.2) lg TCD50/ml. We used a Vero E6 cell culture from the collection of the SSC VB “Vector” in the form of a 2-day monolayer with a confluence of 95–100 %, grown in 96-well culture plates.Results and conclusions. The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is viable in both fresh and sea water, regardless of its salinity, for at least 48 hours, and the degree of preservation of the residual infectious activity of the virus depends on the water temperature: the lower it is, the better the virus is preserved. It was found that at a temperature of 24–28 C, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is able to maintain infectious activity on all types of test surfaces studied for at least 48 hours, while the degree of the residual infectious activity of the virus depends on the type of surface. The virus is best preserved on stainless steel, plastic and glass. It is demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 virus activity is retained on the surface of paper money and coins for longer than 24 hours. The conducted studies have confirmed the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus to maintain its infectious activity in the environment under favorable conditions and, accordingly, to pose an epidemiological threat to the population.
MLVA25-Typed Yersinia pestis ssp. central asiatica biovar altaica Genotype Structure in Gorno-Altai Mountain Natural Plague Focus
Authors: Yarygina M. B. , Korzun V. M. , Balakhonov S. V. , Rozhdestvensky E. N. , Denisov A. V. 
Published: July 2021

The aim of the work was to study the genetic diversity and spatial-temporal genotype structure of Yersinia pestis subspecies central asiatica biovar altaica in the Gorno-Altai natural plague focus, using MLVA25-typing.Materials and methods. MLVA25-typing of 330 strains of Y. pestis ssp. central asiatica bv. altaica, isolated in the Gorno-Altai mountain natural plague focus during 1961–2015 was carried out. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with the help of UPGMA and MST algorithms.Results and discussion. The analyzed strains have been differentiated into 34 MLVA types based on cluster analysis. The formed major groups of strains show pronounced spatial confinedness. Three chorological groupings of the plague agent with peculiar genotype characteristics have been identified. Each of the groupings is circulating among the main carrier (Ochotona pallasi) population and within the limits of the similarly-named mesofocus, respectively (Ulandryksky, Tarkhatynsky and Kuraisky). MLVA25 structure of Y. pestis in Ulandryksky and Kuraisky mezofoci show stability over time; there are no significant changes from the time of their first detection in 1961 and 1999, respectively. The dramatic changes in MLVA25 structure are observed in Tarkhatynsky mesofocus, which is known from 1972. Mass expanding of the MLVA25 types which were very rare before took place there from the beginning of 1990-s, along with elimination of the types absolutely dominant up to 1980s. Most likely the changing of dominating genotypes is attributable to the bottleneck effect, arising from the sharp decline of the focal epizootic activity in the mid 1980s.
Demarcation of the Boundaries of the Central Asian Desert Natural Focus of Plague of Kazakhstan and Monitoring the Areal of the Main Carrier, <I>Rhombomys opimus</I>
Authors: Abdel Z. Zh. , Erubaev T. K. , Tokmurzieva G. Zh. , Aimakhanov B. K. , Dalibaev Zh. S. , Musagalieva R. S. , Zhumadilova Z. B. , Meka-Mechenko V. G. , Meka-Mechenko T. V. , Matzhanova A. M. , Abdrasilova A. A. , Umarova S. K. , Rysbekova A. K. , Esimseit D. T. , Abdeliev B. Z. , Konyratbaev K. K. , Iskakov B. G. , Bely D. G. , Eskermesov M. K. , Kulemin M. V. , Askar Zh. S. , Kaldybaev T. E. , Mukhtarov R. K. , Davletov S. B. , Sutyagin V. V. , Lezdin’sh I. A. 
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to clarify the boundaries of the Central Asian natural plague focus of Kazakhstan and the modern boundaries of the areal of the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) in order to improve epizootiological monitoring and increase the effectiveness of preventive (anti-epidemic) measures.Materials and methods. Data from the epizootiological monitoring of the great gerbil populations in 14 autonomous foci of the Central Asian desert natural plague focus in the Republic of Kazakhstan between 2010 and 2020 were used for the analysis. An epizootiologic survey of an area of 875350 km2 was carried out. When processing the data, epidemiological, epizootiological, statistical research methods, as well as GIS technologies were used.Results and discussion. An increase in the total area of the Central Asian desert natural plague focus of the Republic of Kazakhstan by 79710 km2 (9.98 %) has been established for the period of 1990–2020. It is noted that the change in the area of plague-enzootic territory was a consequence of the ever changing areal of the main carrier of plague pathogen – the great gerbil – under the influence of climatic and anthropogenic factors. The most significant changes were found in the southeastern part of the plague-enzootic territory, including those for the Betpakdala (50 %), Balkhash (34.3 %), Taukum (13.3 %) and Mojynkum (0.32 %) autonomous foci. The area of the Aryskum-Dariyalyktakyr autonomous focus decreased by 2100 km2 (4 %). In 2000–2002, new Alakol’sky and Ili intermountain autonomous foci with a total area of 26759 km2 were discovered. It is shown that due to the regression of the Aral Sea, the areal of the great girbil expanded and the area of the North Aral and Kyzylkum natural plague foci increased by 10500 km2 (29.2 %) and 560 km2 (0.4%), respectively. The areas of the Aral-Karakum and UralEmba desert autonomous foci, on the contrary, decreased by 2000 km2 (2.6 %) and 12300 km2 (17.6 %), respectively. Passportization and landscape-epizootiologic zoning of the territory of the Central Asian desert natural plague focus of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been completed.