bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Early Palliative Care on Quality of Life of Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Phase III Trial
Authors: Patil Vijay Maruti , Singhai Pankaj , Noronha Vanita , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Deodhar Jayita , Salins Naveen , Joshi Amit , Menon Nandini Sharrel , Abhyankar Anuja , Khake Ashwini , Dhumal Sachin Babanrao , Tambe Rupali , Muckaden Mary Ann , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly palliative care (EPC) is an important aspect of cancer management but, to our knowledge, has never been evaluated in patients with head and neck cancer. Hence, we performed this study to determine whether the addition of EPC to standard therapy leads to an improvement in the quality of life (QOL), decrease in symptom burden, and improvement in overall survival.MethodsAdult patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region planned for palliative systemic therapy were allocated 1:1 to either standard systemic therapy without or with comprehensive EPC service referral. Patients were administered the revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for head and neck cancer (FACT-H&N) questionnaire at baseline and every 1 month thereafter for 3 months. The primary endpoint was a change in the QOL measured at 3 months after random assignment. All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsNinety patients were randomly assigned to each arm. There was no statistical difference in the change in the FACT-H&N total score (P = .94), FACT-H&N Trial Outcome Index (P = .95), FACT-general total (P = .84), and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale scores at 3 months between the 2 arms. The median overall survival was similar between the 2 arms (hazard ratio for death = 1.01, 95% confidence interval = 0.74 to 1.35). There were 5 in-hospital deaths in both arms (5.6% for both, P = .99).ConclusionsIn this phase III study, the integration of EPC in head and neck cancer patients did not lead to an improvement in the QOL or survival.
Diurnal variation of transitory starch metabolism is regulated by plastid proteins WXR1/WXR3 in Arabidopsis young seedlings
Authors: Zou Wenjiao , Liu Kui , Gao Xueping , Yu Changjiang , Wang Xiaofei , Shi Junjie , Chao Yanru , Yu Qian , Zhou Gongke , Ge Lei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Transitory starch is the portion of starch that is synthesized during the day in the chloroplast and usually used for plant growth overnight. Here, we report altered metabolism of transitory starch in the wxr1/wxr3 (weak auxin response 1/3) mutants of Arabidopsis. WXR1/WXR3 were previously reported to regulate root growth of young seedlings and affect the auxin response mediated by auxin polar transport in Arabidopsis. In this study the wxr1/wxr3 mutants accumulated transitory starch in cotyledon, young leaf, and hypocotyl at the end of night. WXR1/WXR3 expression showed diurnal variation. Grafting experiments indicated that the WXRs in root were necessary for proper starch metabolism and plant growth. We also found that photosynthesis was inhibited and the transcription level of DIN1/DIN6 (Dark-Inducible 1/6) was reduced in wxr1/wxr3. The mutants also showed a defect in the ionic equilibrium of Na+ and K+, consistent with our bioinformatics data that genes related to ionic equilibrium were misregulated in wxr1. Loss of function of WXR1 also resulted in abnormal trafficking of membrane lipids and proteins. This study reveals that the plastid proteins WXR1/WXR3 play important roles in promoting transitory starch degradation for plant growth over night, possibly through regulating ionic equilibrium in the root.
A natural boundary of dark matter haloes revealed around the minimum bias and maximum infall locations
Authors: Fong Matthew , Han Jiaxin 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We explore the boundary of dark matter haloes through their bias and velocity profiles. Using cosmological N-body simulations, we show that the bias profile exhibits a ubiquitous trough that can be interpreted as created by halo accretion that depletes material around the boundary. The inner edge of the active depletion region is marked by the location of the maximum mass inflow rate that separates a growing halo from the draining environment. This inner depletion radius can also be interpreted as the radius enclosing a highly complete population of splashback orbits, and matches the optimal exclusion radius in a halo model of the large-scale structure. The minimum of the bias trough defines a characteristic depletion radius, which is located within the infall region bounded by the inner depletion radius and the turnaround radius, while approaching the turnaround radius in low-mass haloes that have stopped mass accretion. The characteristic depletion radius depends the most on halo mass and environment. It is approximately 2.5 times the virial radius and encloses an average density of ∼40 times the background density of the universe, independent on halo mass but dependent on other halo properties. The inner depletion radius is smaller by 10–20 per cent and encloses an average density of ∼63 times the background density. These radii open a new window for studying the properties of haloes.
On the environments of giant radio galaxies
Authors: Lan 藍鼎文 Ting-Wen , Xavier Prochaska J 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We test the hypothesis that environments play a key role in enabling the growth of enormous radio structures spanning more than 700 kpc, an extreme population of radio galaxies called giant radio galaxies (GRGs). To achieve this, we explore (1) the relationships between the occurrence of GRGs and the surface number density of surrounding galaxies, including satellite galaxies and galaxies from neighbouring haloes, and (2) the GRG locations towards large-scale structures. The analysis is done by making use of a homogeneous sample of 110 GRGs detected from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey in combination with photometric galaxies from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys and a large-scale filament catalogue from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our results show that the properties of galaxies around GRGs are similar with that around the two control samples, consisting of galaxies with optical colours and luminosity matched to the properties of the GRG host galaxies. Additionally, the properties of surrounding galaxies depend on neither their relative positions to the radio jet/lobe structures nor the sizes of GRGs. We also find that the locations of GRGs and the control samples with respect to the nearby large-scale structures are consistent with each other. These results demonstrate that there is no correlation between the GRG properties and their environments traced by stars, indicating that external galaxy environments are not the primary cause of the large sizes of the radio structures. Finally, regarding radio feedback, we show that the fraction of blue satellites does not correlate with the GRG properties, suggesting that the current epoch of radio jets has minimal influence on the nature of their surrounding galaxies.
Dust traps and the formation of cavities in transition discs: a millimetre to sub-millimetre comparison survey
Authors: Norfolk Brodie J , Maddison Sarah T , Pinte Christophe , van der Marel Nienke , Booth Richard A , Francis Logan , Gonzalez Jean-François , Ménard François , Wright Chris M , van der Plas Gerrit , Garg Himanshi 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The origin of the inner dust cavities observed in transition discs remains unknown. The segregation of dust and size of the cavity is expected to vary depending on which clearing mechanism dominates grain evolution. We present the results from the Discs Down Under program, an 8.8-mm continuum Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) survey targeting 15 transition discs with large (≳20 au) cavities and compare the resulting dust emission to Atacama Large millimetre/sub-millimetre Array (ALMA) observations. Our ATCA observations resolve the inner cavity for 8 of the 14 detected discs. We fit the visibilities and reconstruct 1D radial brightness models for 10 sources with a S/N &gt; 5σ. We find that, for sources with a resolved cavity in both wavebands, the 8.8 mm and sub-mm brightness distributions peak at the same radius from the star. We suggest that a similar cavity size for 8.8 mm and sub-mm dust grains is due to a dust trap induced by the presence of a companion.
Probing frequency-dependent half-wave plate systematics for CMB experiments with full-sky beam convolution simulations
Authors: Duivenvoorden Adriaan J , Adler Alexandre E , Billi Matteo , Dachlythra Nadia , Gudmundsson Jon E 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We study systematic effects from half-wave plates (HWPs) for cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments using full-sky time-domain beam convolution simulations. Using an optical model for a fiducial spaceborne two-lens refractor telescope, we investigate how different HWP configurations optimized for dichroic detectors centred at 95 and 150 GHz impact the reconstruction of primordial B-mode polarization. We pay particular attention to possible biases arising from the interaction of frequency-dependent HWP non-idealities with polarized Galactic dust emission and the interaction between the HWP and the instrumental beam. To produce these simulations, we have extended the capabilities of the publicly available beamconv code. To our knowledge, we produce the first time-domain simulations that include both HWP non-idealities and realistic full-sky beam convolution. Our analysis shows how certain achromatic HWP configurations produce significant systematic polarization angle offsets that vary for sky components with different frequency dependence. Our analysis also demonstrates that once we account for interactions with HWPs, realistic beam models with non-negligible cross-polarization and sidelobes will cause significant B-mode residuals that will have to be extensively modelled in some cases.
CNN architecture comparison for radio galaxy classification
Authors: Becker Burger , Vaccari Mattia , Prescott Matthew , Grobler Trienko 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The morphological classification of radio sources is important to gain a full understanding of galaxy evolution processes and their relation with local environmental properties. Furthermore, the complex nature of the problem, its appeal for citizen scientists, and the large data rates generated by existing and upcoming radio telescopes combine to make the morphological classification of radio sources an ideal test case for the application of machine learning techniques. One approach that has shown great promise recently is convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Literature, however, lacks two major things when it comes to CNNs and radio galaxy morphological classification. First, a proper analysis of whether overfitting occurs when training CNNs to perform radio galaxy morphological classification using a small curated training set is needed. Secondly, a good comparative study regarding the practical applicability of the CNN architectures in literature is required. Both of these shortcomings are addressed in this paper. Multiple performance metrics are used for the latter comparative study, such as inference time, model complexity, computational complexity, and mean per class accuracy. As part of this study, we also investigate the effect that receptive field, stride length, and coverage have on recognition performance. For the sake of completeness, we also investigate the recognition performance gains that we can obtain by employing classification ensembles. A ranking system based upon recognition and computational performance is proposed. MCRGNet, Radio Galaxy Zoo, and ConvXpress (novel classifier) are the architectures that best balance computational requirements with recognition performance.
The kinematics of globular cluster populations in the E-MOSAICS simulations and their implications for the assembly history of the Milky Way
Authors: Trujillo-Gomez Sebastian , Diederik Kruijssen J M , Reina-Campos Marta , Pfeffer Joel L , Keller Benjamin W , Crain Robert A , Bastian Nate , Hughes Meghan E 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed comparison of the Milky Way (MW) globular cluster (GC) kinematics with the 25 MW-mass cosmological simulations from the E-MOSAICS project. While the MW falls within the kinematic distribution of GCs spanned by the simulations, the relative kinematics of its metal-rich ($[\rm {Fe}/\rm {H}] \gt -1.2$) versus metal-poor ($[\rm {Fe}/\rm {H}] \lt -1.2$) and inner (r &lt; 8 kpc) versus outer (r &gt; 8 kpc) populations are atypical for its mass. To understand the origins of these features, we perform a comprehensive statistical analysis of the simulations, and find 18 correlations describing the assembly of L* galaxies and their dark matter haloes based on their GC population kinematics. The correlations arise because the orbital distributions of accreted and in situ GCs depend on the masses and accretion redshifts of accreted satellites, driven by the combined effects of dynamical fraction, tidal stripping, and dynamical heating. Because the kinematics of in situ/accreted GCs are broadly traced by the metal-rich/metal-poor and inner/outer populations, the observed GC kinematics are a sensitive probe of galaxy assembly. We predict that relative to the population of L* galaxies, the MW assembled its dark matter and stellar mass rapidly through a combination of in situ star formation, more than a dozen low-mass mergers, and 1.4 ± 1.2 early ($z$ = 3.1 ± 1.3) major mergers. The rapid assembly period ended early, limiting the fraction of accreted stars. We conclude by providing detailed quantitative predictions for the assembly history of the MW.
Engineering nucleosomes for generating diverse chromatin assemblies
Authors: Adhireksan Zenita , Sharma Deepti , Lee Phoi Leng , Bao Qiuye , Padavattan Sivaraman , Shum Wayne K , Davey Gabriela E , Davey Curt A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStructural characterization of chromatin is challenging due to conformational and compositional heterogeneity in vivo and dynamic properties that limit achievable resolution in vitro. Although the maximum resolution for solving structures of large macromolecular assemblies by electron microscopy has recently undergone profound increases, X-ray crystallographic approaches may still offer advantages for certain systems. One such system is compact chromatin, wherein the crystalline state recapitulates the crowded molecular environment within the nucleus. Here we show that nucleosomal constructs with cohesive-ended DNA can be designed that assemble into different types of circular configurations or continuous fibers extending throughout crystals. We demonstrate the utility of the method for characterizing nucleosome compaction and linker histone binding at near-atomic resolution but also advance its application for tackling further problems in chromatin structural biology and for generating novel types of DNA nanostructures. We provide a library of cohesive-ended DNA fragment expression constructs and a strategy for engineering DNA-based nanomaterials with a seemingly vast potential variety of architectures and histone chemistries.
Epstein-Barr virus inactivates the transcriptome and disrupts the chromatin architecture of its host cell in the first phase of lytic reactivation
Authors: Buschle Alexander , Mrozek-Gorska Paulina , Cernilogar Filippo M , Ettinger Andreas , Pich Dagmar , Krebs Stefan , Mocanu Bianca , Blum Helmut , Schotta Gunnar , Straub Tobias , Hammerschmidt Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpes virus also termed HHV 4 and the first identified human tumor virus, establishes a stable, long-term latent infection in human B cells, its preferred host. Upon induction of EBV’s lytic phase, the latently infected cells turn into a virus factory, a process that is governed by EBV. In the lytic, productive phase, all herpes viruses ensure the efficient induction of all lytic viral genes to produce progeny, but certain of these genes also repress the ensuing antiviral responses of the virally infected host cells, regulate their apoptotic death or control the cellular transcriptome. We now find that EBV causes previously unknown massive and global alterations in the chromatin of its host cell upon induction of the viral lytic phase and prior to the onset of viral DNA replication. The viral initiator protein of the lytic cycle, BZLF1, binds to &gt;105 binding sites with different sequence motifs in cellular chromatin in a concentration dependent manner implementing a binary molar switch probably to prevent noise-induced erroneous induction of EBV’s lytic phase. Concomitant with DNA binding of BZLF1, silent chromatin opens locally as shown by ATAC-seq experiments, while previously wide-open cellular chromatin becomes inaccessible on a global scale within hours. While viral transcripts increase drastically, the induction of the lytic phase results in a massive reduction of cellular transcripts and a loss of chromatin-chromatin interactions of cellular promoters with their distal regulatory elements as shown in Capture-C experiments. Our data document that EBV’s lytic cycle induces discrete early processes that disrupt the architecture of host cellular chromatin and repress the cellular epigenome and transcriptome likely supporting the efficient de novo synthesis of this herpes virus.
A golden decade for ocean science (2021–2030): from knowledge to solutions and actions
Authors: Zhao Weijie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

‘It is planning, it is science, it is management, and it is a huge change of human relations with the ocean.’ As introduced by Dr Vladimir Ryabinin, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Executive Secretary and Assistant Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (the Decade, 2021–2030) got underway this January.
To echo that, on 14 January 2021, a Special Forum on the Decade was held in hybrid mode as part of the Fifth Xiamen Symposium on Marine Environmental Science (XMAS-V) in Xiamen University, China. The Forum was organized to promote the Decade through insightful talks and in-depth discussions with international and regional representatives who have been actively involved in the planning of the Decade. In addition to Dr Ryabinin, Zhanhai Zhang, Chief Engineer of the Ministry of Natural Resources of China, gave an inspiring opening speech. What followed were presentations by invited speakers. They then joined a panel discussion chaired by Dr Minhan Dai from Xiamen University. This article is edited and re-organized from the record of this Special Forum.
Opioid Prescribing After Implementation of Single Click Access to a State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Database in a Health System’s Electronic Health Record
Authors: Weiner Scott G , Kobayashi Kimiyoshi , Reynolds Joshua , Chan Kit , Kelly Rodd , Wakeman Sarah , Reddy Prabashni , Young Leonard D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the effect of one-click integration of a state’s prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) on the number of PDMP searches and opioid prescriptions, stratified by specialty.

Methods
Our large health system worked with the state department of public health to integrate the PDMP with the electronic health record (EHR), which enabled providers to query the data with a single click inside the EHR environment. We evaluated Schedule II or III opioid prescriptions reported to the Massachusetts PDMP 6 months before (November 15, 2017-May 15, 2018) and 6 months after (May 16, 2018, to November 16, 2018) integration. Search counts, prescriptions, patients, morphine milligram equivalents, as well as prescriber specialty were compared.

Results
There were 3,185 unique prescribers with a record of a Schedule II and/or III opioid prescription in both study periods that met inclusion criteria. After integration, the number of PDMP searches increased from 208,684 in the pre-integration phase to 298,478 searches in the post-integration phase (+43.0%). The number of opioid prescriptions dispensed decreased by 4.8%, the number of patients receiving a prescription decreased by 5.1%, and the mean morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) per prescriber decreased by 5.4%. There were some notable specialty-specific differences in these measures.

Conclusions
Integration of the PDMP into the EHR markedly increased the number of searches but was associated with modest decreases in opioids prescribed and patients receiving a prescription. Single click EHR integration of the PDMP, if implemented broadly, may be a way for states to significantly increase PDMP utilization.
Association of clinical characteristics, disease activity and health-related quality of life in SLE patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Parperis Konstantinos , Psarelis Savvas , Chatzittofis Andreas , Michaelides Michalis , Nikiforou Dimitra , Antoniade Elpida , Bhattarai Bikash 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine the contributing factors associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) in SLE patients and examine the association between disease-specific health-related quality of life [lupus quality of life (LupusQoL)] domains and MDD.

Methods
Depression was assessed by the patient health questionnaire (PHQ)-9, and scores ≥10 indicate MDD. Demographic data, LupusQoL domains, clinical and other features of the SLE patients were described and compared between MDD (PHQ-9 ≥10) and non-MDD (PHQ-9 &lt;10) groups using χ2 tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum tests for non-normal continuous variables. The risk of MDD was evaluated for the patient and physician-reported features individually using log-binomial models to estimate relative risks and 95% confidence limits.

Results
Eighty-eight patients with SLE met eligibility criteria, with a mean (range) age of 48.6 (19–80), mostly female (80%) and with a mean disease duration of 13.2 years. Compared with the non-MDD group, patients with MDD (n = 32, 36%) were more likely to have the following SLE manifestations: mucocutaneous, vascular, ocular, pulmonary and musculoskeletal involvement. Self-rated health described as poor/fair was markedly associated with MDD (P &lt; 0.001, relative risk = 0.48). Based on relative risks, higher pain visual analogue score, and patient and physician global assessment scores were also linked to MDD. The LupusQoL domain scores were notably lower in the MDD patients, with a statistically significant reduction in all LupusQoL domains.

Conclusion
Predictors of MDD in SLE patients include higher scores in pain and global assessment, poor or fair self-reported health, and specific organ involvement. These findings may help clinicians to recognize and manage MDD promptly.