bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Silk‐Based Functionalization Architecture for Single Fiber Imaging and Sensing
Authors: Capon Patrick K. , Li Jiawen , Horsfall Aimee J. , Yagoub Suliman , Schartner Erik P. , Khalid Asma , Kirk Rodney W. , Purdey Malcolm S. , Dunning Kylie R. , McLaughlin Robert A. , Abell Andrew D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new fiber functionalization architecture for single‐fiber imaging and sensing is presented. 5(6)Carboxy‐seminaphthorhodafluor‐2 (a fluorescent pH sensor) is attached to a silk‐binding peptide and the complex added to aqueous silk fibroin protein. These bind with a Kd of 36 µM as determined by a fluorescence polarization assay. The fiber is dip‐coated into the silk and peptide mixture, and scanning electron microscopy images reveal a uniform silk coating on the fiber tip. The coating is stable to repeated washes and does not affect the imaging light emitted from the fiber, which allows concurrent optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and pH sensing. Oocytes are metabolically stimulated with CoCl2 to produce lactic acid, and a pH reduction of 0.04 is measured using the probe. The distance between fiber tip and oocyte is monitored by simultaneous OCT acquisitions to precisely position the probe. Lastly, OCT imaging of an ovary revealed the presence/absence of an oocyte within a follicle, an important step toward improving patient outcomes during in vitro fertilization, by limiting the number of invasive follicle punctures required. These results demonstrate the utility of this new coating to enable simultaneous OCT imaging and sensing, which provides significant insight into complex biological systems.
Biomimetic Nanomedicine Coupled with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy to Suppress Breast Cancer Metastasis via Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling
Authors: Liu Hai‐jun , Wang Junfeng , Wang Mingming , Wang Yuzhen , Shi Shanshan , Hu Xiangxiang , Zhang Quanguang , Fan Daping , Xu Peisheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe biomimetic enzyme activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) prefers ultrasmall particle size and bare surface. Unfortunately, those two features are not favorable for its in vivo application due to easy aggregation and fast renal filtration. To take advantage of the activity of CeNP for cancer therapy, a homologous targeted cerium oxide nanoparticle system, targeted CeNP (T‐CeNP), with the integration of a biodegradable dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticle, superoxide dismutase and catalase mimicking CeNPs, and the camouflage coating of cancer cell membrane has been developed. Attributed to the homologous targeting effect of cancer cell membrane, nanoparticles with camouflage coating are retained in the tumor in an orthotopic breast cancer metastatic model. Subsequently, T‐CeNP effectively hinders cancer‐associated fibroblast transdifferentiation and reprograms it back to a normal fibroblast. Consequently, T‐CeNP coupled with doxorubicin reduces the size of primary tumors and prevents the post‐surgery lung metastasis and liver metastasis of breast cancer.
A Robustly Supported Extracellular Matrix Improves the Intravascular Delivery Efficacy of Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Park Chungwon , Park Kwang‐Sook , Jeong Mi Jin , Kim Han Byul , Bae Inho , Lim Kyung Seob , Li Mei‐Xian , Hong Young Joon , Han Dong Keun , Joung Yoon Ki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA major barrier in the multi‐purpose use of implantable materials is an incomplete integration with surrounding tissues, causing foreign body reactions, such as fibrous encapsulation and chronic inflammation. From its viewpoint, a universal method is suggested for cloaking any kind of substrate in specific cell‐made extracellular matrices (ECMs) via robust linkages for delivery of therapeutic cells. In addition, the feasibility of ECM‐coated substrates as endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)‐laden coronary stent platform for endovascular implantation is investigated. Characteristics and stability of cell‐secreted ECMs anchored on a substrate are evaluated, and structural and componential features are revealed similar to those of native ECMs, with enough strength to enable practical uses. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the ECM coating effectively supports the adhesion, proliferation, and viability of EPCs and has selectively opposite effects on smooth muscle cells. The in vivo experiments using a porcine coronary model supports that ECM‐coated stents enable endothelial regeneration and inhibit neointimal growth, and the cell‐laden form is more effective than other stents. These results will allow the preparation of tissue‐integrating materials containing cellular microenvironments and safely coat surfaces with cells to enable long‐term implantation and the continuous managing of chronic diseases.
Polyoxometalate Modified Separator for Performance Enhancement of Magnesium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ji Yuanchun , Liu‐Théato Xinyang , Xiu Yanlei , Indris Sylvio , Njel Christian , Maibach Julia , Ehrenberg Helmut , Fichtner Maximilian , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe magnesium–sulfur (Mg‐S) battery has attracted considerable attention as a candidate of post‐lithium battery systems owing to its high volumetric energy density, safety, and cost effectiveness. However, the known shuttle effect of the soluble polysulfides during charge and discharge leads to a rapid capacity fade and hinders the realization of sulfur‐based battery technology. Along with the approaches for cathode design and electrolyte formulation, functionalization of separators can be employed to suppress the polysulfide shuttle. In this study, a glass fiber separator coated with decavanadate‐based polyoxometalate (POM) clusters/carbon composite is fabricated by electrospinning technique and its impacts on battery performance and suppression of polysulfide shuttling are investigated. Mg–S batteries with such coated separators and non‐corrosive Mg[B(hfip)4]2 electrolyte show significantly enhanced reversible capacity and cycling stability. Functional modification of separator provides a promising approach for improving metal–sulfur batteries.
Superkinetic Growth of Oval Organic Semiconductor Microcrystals for Chaotic Lasing
Authors: Dong Haiyun , Zhang Chunhuan , Shu Fang‐Jie , Zou Chang‐Ling , Yan Yongli , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSynthesis of novel mesoscopic semiconductor architectures continually generates new photonic knowledge and applications. However, it remains a great challenge to synthesize semiconductor microcrystals with smoothly curved surfaces owing to the crystal growth anisotropy. Here, a superkinetic crystal growth method is developed to synthesize 2D oval organic semiconductor microcrystals. The solid source dispersion induces an exceptionally large molecular supersaturation for vapor deposition, which breaks the crystal growth anisotropy. The synthesized stadium‐shaped organic semiconductor microcrystals naturally constitute fully chaotic optical microresonators. They support low‐threshold lasing on high‐quality‐factor scar modes localized near the stadium boundary and directional laser emission assisted by the chaotic modes. These results will reshape the understanding of the crystal growth theory and provide valuable guidance for crystalline photonic materials design.
Robust Polarization Stability in a Self‐Assembled Ultrathin Organic Ferroelectric Nano Lamellae
Authors: Viswanath Pamarti , De Silva K. Kanishka H. , Morikuni Yuki , Yoshimura Masamichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpontaneous polarization is a characteristic feature of a ferroelectric material that can be switched by the application of an external electric field. However, in a practical scenario, the switched polarization should be stable for the realization of functional devices. In this study, an ultrathin (≈40 nm) poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene (PVDF‐TrFE) film self‐assembled on a monolayer (≈1 nm) graphene oxide (GO) film is exploited. Oxygen‐functional groups and defective structure of GO can act as domain pinning sites to provide strong ferroelectric domain stability along with a specific crystal orientation to PVDF‐TrFE through hydrogen bonds and columbic interactions. Scanning probe microscopy based switching experiments reveal excellent piezoelectric response (d33 = −145 pm V−1) along with high polarization retention (over 1500 h with no volatilization) in these ultrathin films, paving new pathways toward high performance miniaturized organic ferroelectric devices.
Multimode Interference Induced Optical Routing in an Optical Microcavity
Authors: Yang Hong , Qin Guo‐Qing , Zhang Hao , Mao Xuan , Wang Min , Long Gui‐Lu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe photonic router is a key device in optical communication and quantum networks. Here, the results of a study of multi‐channel optical routing using optomechanical multimode interference in an optical microcavity are reported. The optomechanical system used here exhibits multi‐optical modes and a mechanical mode. Optomechanical induced transparency and absorption appear in the system due to the interference between different paths. It is shown that the system can be served as a three‐port routing in the red‐detuned region to rout photons from the input port to an arbitrarily selected output port with high routing efficiency by controlling the parameters corresponding to different interference paths.
Aggregate surface porosity and its relationship to asphalt absorption as revealed by gray relational analysis
Authors: Gan Xinli , Khan Hidayatullah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe mercury intrusion test was conducted with an automatic mercury porosimeter, and the pore characteristics of five types of aggregates commonly used in road construction were analyzed using mercury injection data obtained under different pressures. The amount of asphalt that infiltrated the aggregate pores under an asphalt–aggregate ratio of 4% was experimentally and numerically determined, and the influence of aggregate pore characteristics on the amount of asphalt that infiltrated the aggregate pores was analyzed using gray relative theory. Aggregate aperture ranged from approximately 0.01 to 334 μm, and the aggregate pores can be classified into large, medium, small, and micropores according to their volume distribution. The volume distribution decreased in the following order: large > medium > small pores; the micropore volume was nearly negligible. Among the factors of pore surface area, pore volume, porosity, and average pore size, the extent of influence on absorption capacity of asphalt is porosity > pore volume > pore surface area > average pore diameter.
From Linderiella baetica to gambilusa: Involving children in conservation by giving a new species a common name
Authors: García‐de‐Lomas Juan , Clavero Miguel , García Carlos M. , Alba Desireé , Torres José María , Jurado Alfonso , Cantero Virginia , Navarro Rosario , Hortas Francisco 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The knowledge and awareness that the general public has about aquatic invertebrates is often poor, even when they are highly threatened. The frequent lack of popular names and the unattractiveness of the scientific ones may be among the factors hindering the knowledge of these organisms and, consequently, the awareness of their conservation status and the willingness to conserve them.
Linderiella baetica (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anostraca) was discovered in 2007 in southern Spain and is considered a critically endangered species. However, being a small invertebrate inhabiting generally unappreciated temporary ponds, this species was completely unknown by the general public, even in the area in which it occurs.
To increase the knowledge and awareness of L. baetica, 1,347 children from five schools within its distribution area participated in a contest to select a common name for this newly described taxon. The winning name, gambilusa (Andalusian shrimp), will be used in the future by the Spanish Ministry of Environment and hopefully by the general public to identify the species.
The contest was found to have increased the knowledge about the target species in a sustained manner, as 1 year later, 93% of the children recognized gambilusa as a crustacean, 75% remembered its typical habitat, and 89% broadly identified its geographical distribution.
This kind of name‐choosing contest is applicable for different regions and taxa to raise awareness on the conservation of threatened but poorly known biota.
Effect of Dental Course Cycle on Anatomical Knowledge and Dental Carving Ability of Dental Students
Authors: Fonseca Ademar , Guimarães Victoria B. da S. , Rodrigues‐Junior Sinval A. , Fonseca Alisson A.R. , de Azevedo Renato A. , Corrêa Marcos B. , Lund Rafael G. 
Published: March 2021

This study assessed the effect of the course cycle on theoretical knowledge of dental morphology and the dental carving ability of dental students. Thirty‐two dental students from the third semester (initial cycle) and 30 students from the eighth and tenth semesters of the dental course (end cycle) had their theoretical knowledge on dental morphology assessed using a questionnaire with ten closed questions. Their dental carving ability was also assessed using wax carvings in macro models of plaster (for the third [S3] and eight [S8] semesters) and natural‐sized artificial teeth (for the tenth [S10] semester). The teeth chosen for the dental carving activity were #16 and #47. The scores were statistically analyzed using the t‐test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney test (α = 0.05). Students from the initial cycle presented better theoretical knowledge than the other groups did (P < 0.007). No significant differences in carving score were found between the initial and end cycles (P > 0.05), although S10 students obtained a higher score for teeth #16 and #47 (P < 0.05). Natural‐sized artificial teeth received a higher evaluation score in dental carvings than the macro models (P < 0.001). Within the limits of this study, it was possible to conclude that students from the initial cycle (S3) presented higher theoretical knowledge, whereas no difference in carving ability was observed between the initial and end cycles. The tenth semester (S10) students performed dental carvings with better quality. Furthermore, carvings in natural‐sized artificial teeth presented better quality compared with the macro models.
The impact of TMS‐enhanced cognitive control on forgiveness processes
Authors: Maier Moritz J. , Rosenbaum David , Brüne Martin , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Ehlis Ann‐Christine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCognitive control is thought to be necessary for forgiveness processes.Materials and MethodsTo examine this correlation, highly impulsive participants, who often fail to inhibit feelings of revenge, received activating theta burst stimulation (TBS) of a classical cognitive control region of the brain, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC). For testing forgiveness ability participants received verum TBS versus sham TBS in a randomized, double‐blinded, within‐subjects design. In both sessions, they first learned that there are fair and unfair opponents in an ultimatum game, and subsequently played a dictator game with reversed roles with the option to revenge or forgive the opponents from the previous game.ResultsContrary to our hypothesis, activating TBS did not increase forgiving behavior toward unfair opponents. However, it increased the generosity toward previously fair opponents.ConclusionAs an explanation it is discussed that the TBS can only affect “cold” emotions such as greed, but not the “hot” emotions such as anger.
A Low‐Cost Al‐Graphite Battery with Urea and Acetamide‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Jach Franziska , Wassner Maximilian , Bamberg Max , Brendler Erica , Frisch Gero , Wunderwald Ulrike , Friedrich Jochen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAl‐ion batteries employing natural graphite cathodes have been proposed as a valid alternative to Li‐ion systems due to their low‐cost and sustainability, as well as a stable long‐term cycle life. In contrast to commonly used but typically expensive ionic‐liquid‐based electrolytes, our reported Al‐graphite batteries use AlCl3/urea and AlCl3/acetamide deep eutectic solvents (DES, also known as ionic liquid analogues) as low‐cost alternative. By carefully selecting amide composition, Al speciation in the DES electrolyte can be modified, as confirmed by Raman, NMR and IR spectroscopy. We correlate the speciation changes to resulting battery performance by systematic electrochemical investigations of Al‐graphite batteries employing urea and acetamide eutectics of different compositions. The practical applicability was demonstrated using long‐term cycling experiments with >8000 cycles, exhibiting a specific capacity of around 50 mAh/g at a current rate of 2 A/g.
Decomposition of multi‐component fluorescence spectra by narrow peak method based on principal component analysis
Authors: Tsibulskaya Elena , Maslov Nikolay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe main objective of multi‐fluorophoric sample spectroscopy is to find the relative concentrations of individual components. If the spectra of fluorophores have broad complex shapes and significantly overlap, direct analysis is not possible. For various reasons, regression to model spectra attributed to known substances might not be easy either. Here, we describe a method of estimating the spectra of pure fluorophores in complex samples of unknown nature. This method is based on principal component analysis. Principal components themselves cannot be determined uniquely, so the method includes subsequent finding of suitable linear combinations of those principal components. Two physically reasonable assumptions were used to estimate individual fluorophore spectra: their intensities should always be non‐negative and with the smallest possible spectral widths. The method's features were tested by numerical simulations using the random generated spectra of three component mixtures, experiments with optical phantom, and analysis of previously collected spectra from real tissue samples. The accuracy of the method depends on the spectral features of the samples. If spectra intersect pairwise, components could be obtained precisely. In other cases reconstructed spectra closely match the original ones, allowing them to be attributed to possible sample components. This approach makes this method convenient for various applied diagnostic tasks. It provides not only quantitative data for sample comparison, as straight principal component analysis does, but also makes data representation more demonstrative, allowing for the creation of qualitative conclusions. The method provides a unique solution dependent only on the shapes of the fluorophores' spectra.
Thermal design power and vectorized instructions behavior
Authors: Guermouche Amina , Orgerie Anne‐Cécile 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVectorized instructions were introduced to improve the performance of applications. However, they come at the cost of an increase in the power consumption. As a consequence, processors are designed to limit their frequency when such instructions are used in order to respect the thermal design power limit. In this paper, we study and compare the impact of thermal design power and Simple Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) instructions on performance, power and energy consumption of processors and memory. The study is performed on three different architectures providing different characteristics and four applications with different profiles (including one application with different phases, each phase having a different profile). The study shows that, because of processor frequency, performance and power consumption are strongly related to thermal design power. It also shows that AVX512 has unexpected behavior regarding processor power consumption, while DRAM power consumption is impacted by SIMD instructions because of the generated memory throughput. Finally, this paper tackles the impact of turboboost which shows equivalent to better performance for all the studied cases while not always decreasing energy consumption.
Performance analysis on Diversity Mining‐based Proof of Work in bifolded consortium blockchain for Internet of Things consensus
Authors: Jayabal Chandra Priya , Sathia Bhama Ponsy R. K. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) networks have become part and parcel of the present life. In the present‐day scenario, IoT networks are distributed, and they generate heterogeneous data to be shared, processed and analyzed. But, the prevailing centralized IoT architecture has numerous security vulnerabilities, specifically in data hosting and transfer. Blockchain, a cryptographically distributed tamper‐proof database when blends with IoT, enables a secure data archival and exchange of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) transactions to be more private. In this work, a multilayered consortium blockchain network that inherits the benefits of private blockchain for its privacy and public blockchain's decentralized governance is launched. The adoption of a semi‐private system in an IoT environment enables regulated data transparency to form novel HIBchain. It can support the heterogeneity of IoT data and has the principle of marking permissions to the public addresses. The out‐turn of an off‐chain layer is the hashed IoT blocks with a consistent transaction volume of 464 bits. The most common techniques are computationally demanding and frequently unfeasible in IoT contexts. We design and analyze the diversity mining‐based proof of work (DM‐PoW) consensus protocol on HIBchain, which yields an average processing time of 1760 transactions per second (TPS) and mining time of 3 minutes.
More than just noise: Chance, mating success, and sexual selection
Authors: Klug Hope , Stone Libby 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChance plays a critical but underappreciated role in determining mating success. In many cases, we tend to think of chance as background noise that can be ignored in studies of mating dynamics. When the influence of chance is consistent across contexts, chance can be thought of as background noise; in other cases, however, the impact of chance on mating success can influence our understanding of how mates are acquired and how sexual selection operates. In particular, when the importance of chance covaries with biological or ecological factors in a systematic manner—that is, when chance becomes consistently more or less important under certain conditions—then chance is important to consider if we want to fully understand the operation of mate acquisition and sexual selection. Here, we present a model that explores how chance covaries with factors such as sex ratio, adult population size, and mating regime in determining variation in mating success. We find that in some cases, chance covaries with adult population size and the operational sex ratio to create variation in mating success. We discuss how chance can influence our more general understanding of the operation of mating dynamics and sexual selection.