bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting backdoor androgen synthesis through AKR1C3 inhibition: A presurgical hormonal ablative neoadjuvant trial in high‐risk localized prostate cancer
Authors: Graham Laura S. , True Lawrence D. , Gulati Roman , Schade George R. , Wright Jonathan , Grivas Petros , Yezefski Todd , Nega Katie , Alexander Katerina , Hou Wen‐Min , Yu Evan Y. , Montgomery Bruce , Mostaghel Elahe A. , Matsumoto Alvin A. , Marck Brett , Sharifi Nima , Ellis William J. , Reder Nicholas P. , Lin Daniel W. , Nelson Peter S. , Schweizer Michael T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLocalized prostate cancers (PCs) may resist neoadjuvant androgen receptor (AR)‐targeted therapies as a result of persistent intraprostatic androgens arising through upregulation of steroidogenic enzymes. Therefore, we sought to evaluate clinical effects of neoadjuvant indomethacin (Indo), which inhibits the steroidogenic enzyme AKR1C3, in addition to combinatorial anti‐androgen blockade, in men with high‐risk PC undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsThis was an open label, single‐site, Phase II neoadjuvant trial in men with high to very‐high‐risk PC, as defined by NCCN criteria. Patients received 12 weeks of apalutamide (Apa), abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AAP), degarelix, and Indo followed by RP. Primary objective was to determine the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. Secondary objectives included minimal residual disease (MRD) rate, defined as residual cancer burden (RCB) ≤ 0.25cm3 (tumor volume multiplied by tumor cellularity) and elucidation of molecular features of resistance.ResultsTwenty patients were evaluable for the primary endpoint. Baseline median prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was 10.1 ng/ml, 4 (20%) patients had Gleason grade group (GG) 4 disease and 16 had GG 5 disease. At RP, 1 (5%) patient had pCR and 6 (30%) had MRD. Therapy was well tolerated. Over a median follow‐up of 23.8 months, 1 of 7 (14%) men with pathologic response and 6 of 13 (46%) men without pathologic response had a PSA relapse. There was no association between prostate hormone levels or HSD3B1 genotype with pathologic response.ConclusionsIn men with high‐risk PC, pCR rates remained low even with combinatorial AR‐directed therapy, although rates of MRD were higher. Ongoing follow‐up is needed to validate clinical outcomes of men who achieve MRD.
Intersecting categories in the dissolution of transnational marriages: A socio‐legal perspective
Authors: Fresnoza‐Flot Asuncion 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs divorces take place increasingly across national borders, many former partners find themselves in complex situations entangled in more than one state during which some categories of difference intersect, (re)creating inequalities and precarity. Through a socio‐legal perspective combined with transnational and intersectional approaches, the present study elucidates the link between these intersections and the legal aspects of divorce. Examining Filipino migrant women's divorces in transnational social spaces, it unveils that social class, gender, legal statuses, and filiation intersect in specific situations: when the legal problem arises or implicates communal properties in another country; when a family member residing abroad interferes in the divorce settlement; and when the divorce process occurs in the context of domestic violence and involves an institution espousing women's spatial mobility to protect them. In such situations, the social class differences between partners become particularly pronounced (rather than their supposed cultural differences) and intersect with other categories.
Relationship between follicular size and developmental capacity of oocytes under controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Tamura Isao , Kawamoto‐Jozaki Mai , Fujimura Taishi , Doi‐Tanaka Yumiko , Takagi Haruka , Shirafuta Yuichiro , Mihara Yumiko , Taketani Toshiaki , Tamura Hiroshi , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeWe investigate the relationships between oocyte developmental capacity and follicular size of its origin in Japanese women: those undergoing conventional IVF (cIVF) and ICSI, respectively.MethodsA total of 3377 follicles were punctured separately and were classified into three groups (large, medium, and small) by their diameters. A total of 1482 retrieved oocytes were individually cultured and received cIVF or ICSI. The oocytes receiving ICSI were denuded and the number of mature (MII) oocytes was counted.ResultsThe oocyte retrieval rates and the proportion of MII oocytes were significantly lower in small follicles than in large follicles. Under cIVF, the fertilization rate was significantly lower in oocytes from small follicles than large follicles. Under ICSI, the fertilization rate for MII oocytes was not significantly related to follicular size. Follicular size was not significantly related to the development potential to blastocyst and pregnancy rate for either the cIVF oocytes or the ICSI oocytes.ConclusionsAlthough the fertilization rate by cIVF is low in oocytes from small follicles due to the lower proportion of mature oocytes, their development potential is comparable to that of oocytes from larger follicles if they could be fertilized. Under ICSI using mature oocytes, their development potential is not related to follicular size.
Approximation error ofFourierneural networks
Authors: Zhumekenov Abylay , Takhanov Rustem , Castro Alejandro J. , Assylbekov Zhenisbek 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper investigates approximation error of two‐layer feedforward Fourier Neural Networks (FNNs). Such networks are motivated by the approximation properties of Fourier series. Several implementations of FNNs were proposed since 1980s: by Gallant and White, Silvescu, Tan, Zuo and Cai, and Liu. The main focus of our work is Silvescu's FNN, because its activation function does not fit into the category of networks, where the linearly transformed input is exposed to activation. The latter ones were extensively described by Hornik. In regard to non‐trivial Silvescu's FNN, its convergence rate is proven to be of orderO(1/n). The paper continues investigating classes of functions approximated by Silvescu FNN, which appeared to be from Schwartz space and space of positive definite functions.
Fluid–structure interaction simulations of a wind turbine rotor in complex flows, validated through field experiments
Authors: Grinderslev Christian , González Horcas Sergio , Sørensen Niels Nørmark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAeroelastic simulations of a 2.3 MW wind turbine rotor operating in different complex atmospheric flows are conducted using high fidelity fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations. Simpler blade element momentum (BEM) theory based simulations are likewise conducted for comparison, and measurements from field experiments are used for validation of the simulations. Good agreement is seen between simulated and measured forces. It is found that for complex flows, BEM‐based simulations predict similar forces as computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based FSI, however with some distinct discrepancies. Firstly, stall is predicted for a large part of the blade using BEM‐based aerodynamics, which are not seen in either FSI simulations or measurements in the case of a high shear. This leads to a more dynamic structural response for BEM‐based simulations than for FSI. For a highly yawed and sheared flow case, the BEM‐based simulations overpredict outboard forces for a significant part of the rotation. This emphasizes the need of validation of BEM‐based simulations through higher fidelity methods, when considering complex flows. Including flexibility in simulations shows only little impact on the considered rotor for both FSI‐ and BEM‐based simulations. In general, the loading of the blades increases slightly, and the rotor wake is almost identical for stiff and flexible FSI simulations.
Evolutionary conservation of RNA sequence and structure
Authors: Rivas Elena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn RNA structure prediction from a single‐sequence RNA folding program is not evidence for an RNA whose structure is important for function. Random sequences have plausible and complex predicted structures not easily distinguishable from those of structural RNAs. How to tell when an RNA has a conserved structure is a question that requires looking at the evolutionary signature left by the conserved RNA. This question is important not just for long noncoding RNAs which usually lack an identified function, but also for RNA binding protein motifs which can be single stranded RNAs or structures. Here we review recent advances using sequence and structural analysis to determine when RNA structure is conserved or not. Although covariation measures assess structural RNA conservation, one must distinguish covariation due to RNA structure from covariation due to independent phylogenetic substitutions. We review a statistical test to measure false positives expected under the null hypothesis of phylogenetic covariation alone (specificity). We also review a complementary test that measures power, that is, expected covariation derived from sequence variation alone (sensitivity). Power in the absence of covariation signals the absence of a conserved RNA structure. We analyze artifacts that falsely identify conserved RNA structure such as the misuse of programs that do not assess significance, the use of inappropriate statistics confounded by signals other than covariation, or misalignments that induce spurious covariation. Among artifacts that obscure the signal of a conserved RNA structure, we discuss the inclusion of pseudogenes in alignments which increase power but destroy covariation.This article is categorized under:
RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
Single‐cell RNA sequencing: A new opportunity for retinal research
Authors: You Mengling , Rong Rong , Zeng Zhou , Li Haibo , Xia Xiaobo , Ji Dan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSingle‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is a technology for single‐cell transcriptome analysis that can be used to characterize complex dynamics of various retinal cell types. It provides deep scrutiny into the gene expression character of diverse cell types, lending insight into all the biological processes being carried out. The scRNA‐seq is an alternative to regular RNA‐seq, which does not achieve cellular heterogeneity. The retina, is a part of the central nervous system (CNS) and consists of six types of neurons and several types of glial cells. Studying retinal cell heterogeneity is important for understanding retinal diseases. Currently, scRNA‐seq is employed to assess retina development and retinal disease pathogenesis and has improved our understanding of the relationship between the retina, its visual pathways, and the brain. Moreover, this technology provides new ideas on the sensitivity and molecular mechanisms of cell subtypes involved in retinal‐related diseases. The application of scRNA‐seq technology has given us a deeper understanding of the latest advancements and challenges in retinal development and diseases. We advocate scRNA‐seq as one of the important tools for developing novel therapies for retinal diseases.This article is categorized under:
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Modular Hamiltonians for the massless Dirac field in the presence of a boundary
Authors: Mintchev Mihail , Tonni Erik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the modular Hamiltonians of an interval for the massless Dirac fermion on the half-line. The most general boundary conditions ensuring the global energy conservation lead to consider two phases, where either the vector or the axial symmetry is preserved. In these two phases we derive the corresponding modular Hamiltonian in explicit form. Its density involves a bi-local term localised in two points of the interval, one conjugate to the other. The associated modular flows are also established. Depending on the phase, they mix fields with different chirality or charge that follow different modular trajectories. Accordingly, the modular flow preserves either the vector or the axial symmetry. We compute the two-point correlation functions along the modular flow and show that they satisfy the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition in both phases. The entanglement entropies are also derived.
Genus expansion of open free energy in 2d topological gravity
Authors: Okuyama Kazumi , Sakai Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study open topological gravity in two dimensions, or, the intersection theory on the moduli space of open Riemann surfaces initiated by Pandharipande, Solomon and Tessler. The open free energy, the generating function for the open intersection numbers, obeys the open KdV equations and Buryak’s differential equation and is related by a formal Fourier transformation to the Baker-Akhiezer wave function of the KdV hierarchy. Using these properties we study the genus expansion of the free energy in detail. We construct explicitly the genus zero part of the free energy. We then formulate a method of computing higher genus corrections by solving Buryak’s equation and obtain them up to high order. This method is much more efficient than our previous approach based on the saddle point calculation. Along the way we show that the higher genus corrections are polynomials in variables that are expressed in terms of genus zero quantities only, generalizing the constitutive relation of closed topological gravity.
Vacuum structure of the ℤ2 symmetric Georgi-Machacek model
Authors: Azevedo Duarte , Ferreira Pedro , Logan Heather E. , Santos Rui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We discuss the vacuum structure of a version of the Georgi-Machecek model with an exact ℤ2 symmetry acting on the triplet fields. Besides the usual custodial-symmetric model, with ρ = 1 at tree-level, a model with a dark matter candidate is also viable. The other phases of the model lead to electric charge breaking, a wrong pattern of electroweak symmetry breaking or to ρ ≠ 1 at tree-level. We derive conditions to have an absolute minimum in each of the two viable phases, the custodial and the dark matter phases.
On the ‘nature’ of the ‘artificial’
Authors: Negrotti Massimo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince the work by Herbert Simon, no particular attention has been paid to the distinction between conventional technology and technology directed at the reproduction of natural instances. Nevertheless, if we had a general knowledge of the methodological aspects that any attempt to reproduce natural objects or processes unavoidably requires, then we would understand why, as a rule, no artificial device can ‘converge’ to its natural counterpart and why, on the contrary, the more it advances, the further away it goes from it. As a result, our efforts should be oriented to deeply investigate the artificial as it were a truly new ‘nature’ in itself.
Birth outcomes in hard times among minority ethnic groups
Authors: Bertoli Paola , Grembi Veronica , Nguyen The Linh Bao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCombining a unique dataset of birth records with municipal-level real estate information, we assess the impact of the 2008 recession on the health of immigrants’ newborns in Italy. Health at birth (e.g., low birth weight) of children born to immigrants deteriorated more than health at birth of children born to Italian natives. The negative effects on immigrants are not equally distributed across ethnicities, but rather are driven by the main economic activity of the ethnic group and its related network at the municipal level. Immigrants whose ethnic group is mainly employed in the sectors most affected during the recession suffered the most. Living in a municipality where their ethnic network is organized through more registered immigrant associations mitigates the recession hardship for immigrants. The characteristics of ethnic groups and their organization at the municipal level do not explain the heterogeneous effects on Italian newborns, which confirms the presence of network effects rather than neighborhood effects
Towards footwear manufacturing 4.0: shoe sole robotic grasping in assembling operations
Authors: Oliver Guillermo , Gil Pablo , Gomez Jose F. , Torres Fernando 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a robotic workcell for task automation in footwear manufacturing such as sole digitization, glue dispensing, and sole manipulation from different places within the factory plant. We aim to make progress towards shoe industry 4.0. To achieve it, we have implemented a novel sole grasping method, compatible with soles of different shapes, sizes, and materials, by exploiting the particular characteristics of these objects. Our proposal is able to work well with low density point clouds from a single RGBD camera and also with dense point clouds obtained from a laser scanner digitizer. The method computes antipodal grasping points from visual data in both cases and it does not require a previous recognition of sole. It relies on sole contour extraction using concave hulls and measuring the curvature on contour areas. Our method was tested both in a simulated environment and in real conditions of manufacturing at INESCOP facilities, processing 20 soles with different sizes and characteristics. Grasps were performed in two different configurations, obtaining an average score of 97.5% of successful real grasps for soles without heel made with materials of low or medium flexibility. In both cases, the grasping method was tested without carrying out tactile control throughout the task.
Delta9-THC determination by the EU official method: evaluation of measurement uncertainty and compliance assessment of hemp samples
Authors: Sgrò Salvatore , Lavezzi Benedicta , Caprari Cristian , Polito Marco , D’Elia Marcello , Lago Giampietro , Furlan Giada , Girotti Stefano , Ferri Elida Nora 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHemp cultivation is living a period of renewed interest worldwide after long years of opposition and abandonment. The European Union (EU) allows and subsidizes the growing of fiber and oilseed cultivars of Cannabis sativa L. with respect to the THC content limit of 0.2%. The EU method for the quantitative determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content in hemp varieties provides to apply a tolerance of 0.03 g of THC per 100 g of sample concerning compliance assessment to that limit. However, the method does not report any precision data, especially useful as a function of THC content to evaluate measurement uncertainty and therefore to establish the conformity of hemp at different THC legal limits. Measurement uncertainty of the method by both bottom-up and top-down approach, besides repeatability and reproducibility, was investigated and estimated in the THC concentration range 0.2–1.0%, which includes the different legal limits set out for hemp around the world. We proposed Decision Rules for conformity of hemp showing that a non-compliant declaration beyond reasonable doubt should be stated when the THC content, as a mean result on a duplicate analysis, exceeds the limit by at least 11–15%, depending on THC limit. We highlighted other issues concerning practical aspects of hemp analysis, from sampling to evaluation of results, as well as the need to carry out collaborative studies on the EU method.
Graphical abstract
Light-Quality Manipulation to Control Plant Growth and Photomorphogenesis in Greenhouse Horticulture: The State of the Art and the Opportunities of Modern LED Systems
Authors: Paradiso Roberta , Proietti Simona 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLight quantity (intensity and photoperiod) and quality (spectral composition) affect plant growth and physiology and interact with other environmental parameters and cultivation factors in determining the plant behaviour. More than providing the energy for photosynthesis, light also dictates specific signals which regulate plant development, shaping and metabolism, in the complex phenomenon of photomorphogenesis, driven by light colours. These are perceived even at very low intensity by five classes of specific photoreceptors, which have been characterized in their biochemical features and physiological roles. Knowledge about plant photomorphogenesis increased dramatically during the last years, also thanks the diffusion of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which offer several advantages compared to the conventional light sources, such as the possibility to tailor the light spectrum and to regulate the light intensity, depending on the specific requirements of the different crops and development stages. This knowledge could be profitably applied in greenhouse horticulture to improve production schedules and crop yield and quality. This article presents a brief overview on the effects of light spectrum of artificial lighting on plant growth and photomorphogenesis in vegetable and ornamental crops, and on the state of the art of the research on LEDs in greenhouse horticulture. Particularly, we analysed these effects by approaching, when possible, each single-light waveband, as most of the review works available in the literature considers the influence of combined spectra.
Diurnal cycle of summer precipitation over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions simulated in a convection-permitting model
Authors: Cai Shuxin , Huang Anning , Zhu Kefeng , Yang Ben , Yang Xianyu , Wu Yang , Mu Xiyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBased on the hourly gauge-satellite merged precipitation data with the spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° during 2013 ~ 2018, we have evaluated the performance of the convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting model at Nanjing University (WRF_NJU) in forecasting the precipitation diurnal variation and the associated atmospheric circulation over the eastern Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions during summer. Results indicate that WRF_NJU model can well reproduce the diurnal cycle of the summer precipitation in terms of the diurnal peak time, duration and magnitude. In addition, the eastward propagation of rainfall systems with long duration along the eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP) and its adjacent areas can also be properly captured. The WRF_NJU model can reasonably reproduce the relevant atmospheric circulation during summer as well. However, the model tends to underestimate the summer precipitation amount (PA) and precipitation frequency (PF) over most time of a day. Relatively larger biases in the occurring time and magnitude of PA and PF diurnal peaks can be noted over the ETP and Sichuan Basin. Further analysis suggests that the underestimation of PA over the ETP is attributed to the much lower moisture supply, weaker low-level southwesterly winds and less convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the WRF_NJU model than in ERA5. Over Sichuan Basin, the underestimated PA is related to the weaker upward motion, which is corresponding to the cold biases of surface air temperature in WRF_NJU. Findings of this study provide the basic model biases and may be helpful to further improve the model physical processes.