bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KY19382, a novel activator of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling, promotes hair regrowth and hair follicle neogenesis
Authors: Ryu Yeong Chan , Lee Dong‐Hwan , Shim Jiyong , Park Jiyeon , Kim You‐Rin , Choi Sehee , Bak Soon Sun , Sung Young Kwan , Lee Soung‐Hoon , Choi Kang‐Yell 
Published: March 2021

Background and PurposeThe promotion of hair regeneration and growth heavily depends on the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in the hair follicle, including dermal papilla (DP). KY19382, one of the newly synthesized analogues of indirubin‐3′‐monoxime (I3O), was identified as a Wnt/β‐catenin signalling activator via inhibition of the interaction between CXXC‐type zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5) and dishevelled (Dvl). Given the close relationship between the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and hair regeneration, we investigated the effect of KY19382 on hair regrowth and hair follicle neogenesis.Experimental ApproachIn vitro hair induction effects of KY19382 were performed in human DP cells. The hair elongation effects of KY19382 were confirmed through the human hair follicle and vibrissa culture system. In vivo hair regeneration abilities of KY19382 were identified in three models: hair regrowth, wound‐induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN) and hair patch assays using C57BL/6 mice. The hair regeneration abilities were analysed by immunoblotting, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and immunohistochemical staining.Key ResultsKY19382 activated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and elevated expression of ALP and the proliferation marker PCNA in DP cells. KY19382 also increased hair length in ex vivo‐cultured mouse vibrissa and human hair follicles and induced hair regrowth in mice. Moreover, KY19382 significantly promoted the generation of de novo hair follicles as shown by WIHN and hair patch assays.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results indicate that KY19382 is a potential therapeutic drug that exhibits effective hair regeneration ability via activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling for alopecia treatments.
Characterising transnational ophthalmic surgical partnerships by engagement and training
Authors: Olivieri Daniel J. , Yu Zane Z. , Tabin Geoffrey C. , Thapa Raba , Greenberg Paul B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransnational ophthalmic partnerships exist between high‐income countries (HICs) and low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) in varying capacities. We analyzed partnership stakeholders to better understand and address disparities in ophthalmic surgical care.MethodsAn international Web search was conducted to identify surgeons, foundations or organisations participating in ophthalmic delivery and/or capacity building from 2010 to 2019. Partnerships were defined through clinical activities, education and training and/or research support. Descriptive data on current ophthalmic partnerships were collected from published reports, literature reviews and information on stakeholder webpages. Partnerships were classified by the extent of engagement and training: grade I ‘engagement’ represented documented partnerships of at least 1 year and grade I ‘training’ limited or poorly defined skills transfer programmes, while grade III ‘engagement’ represented partnerships with well‐documented fiscal investment and/or research productivity and grade III ‘training’ established training programmes. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and geospatially depicted on Tableau (Mountain View, CA) and ArcMap software (Redlands, CA).ResultsIn total, 209 unique HIC‐LMIC partnerships encompassing 92 unique countries were described. The most common HIC partners were from North America (123; 59%), followed by Europe (75; 36%). The most common LMIC partners were from Africa (102; 49%), followed by Asia‐Pacific (54; 26%) and Latin America (44; 21%). Additionally, partnerships most frequently provided services in cataract (48%), glaucoma (25%) and diabetic retinopathy (25%). The most common ‘engagement’ classifications were grade I (36%) or II (40%); the most common ‘training’ classifications were grade I (61%) or II (23%).ConclusionTransnational ophthalmic partnerships exist with varying degrees of both engagement and training. Partnerships are stronger in research collaboration and direct services, and weaker in LMIC‐directed training programmes.
Diet, eating behaviour and weight gain in men and women with overweight/obesity receiving varenicline for smoking cessation
Authors: Svendsen Mette , Heggen Eli , Klemsdal Tor Ole , Tonstad Serena 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBecause trying to quit smoking and not gain weight requires changes in two major behaviours simultaneously we explored eating behaviour in smokers with overweight/obesity making a quit attempt using guideline‐based treatment. Participants were randomized to a carbohydrate‐reduced or fat‐reduced diet. The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and Binge Eating Scale were completed by 48 of 64 participants in the low‐carbohydrate and 47 of 58 in the fat‐reduced group at randomization, after 6 and 14 weeks. At 6 weeks, no between group differences were seen in eating behaviour scores thus, we combined the sample for further analyses. In the combined sample, restraint increased (3.94 [95% CI 3.05, 4.83]), disinhibition (uncontrolled eating) decreased (−0.86 [95% CI‐1.31, −0.41]) and binge eating decreased (−1.95 [95% CI −2.83, −1.06]), while hunger scores did not change (−0.43 [95% CI −0.89, 0.03]) after 14 weeks. In a general linear model, increase in dietary restraint (P= .012) and decrease in binge eating (P= .040) were associated with lower weight gain (model R2adj= .147). In a smoking cessation program, dietary support regardless of diet was associated with increased dietary restraint and reduced binge eating. Because smoking cessation causes weight gain these results indicate that dietary support leads to eating behaviour changes that may prevent weight gain.
Alcohol‐related cirrhosis is associated with high coronary artery calcium scores in patients undergoing evaluation for orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Benrajab Karim , Godman Macy , Emhmed Ali Saad , Sorrell Vincent , Salama Fady , Shah Malay , Mei Xiaonan , Dela Cruz Anna C. , Gedaly Roberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsCoronary artery disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in liver transplant patients. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score has been used to evaluate the risk of CAD in non‐cirrhotic patients. However, its significance in cirrhotic patients is unknown.This study aimed to identify factors associated with elevated CAC scores in patients with end‐stage liver disease undergoing liver transplant evaluation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent liver transplantation evaluation and had coronary CT scan between January 2015 and December 2018. Patients with prior history of CAD were excluded. CAC score was calculated based on the method described by Agatston.ResultsSixty‐two patients were included. 37.1% had alcohol‐related liver disease and 27.4% had NASH cirrhosis. Mean CAC score was 261.1 ± SD, 463.84. Alcohol‐related liver disease, male gender, and hypertension were significantly associated with CAC score >100 and only alcohol‐related liver disease was associated with CAC score >300. In logistic regression, patients with alcohol‐related liver disease had more than sixfold increase in risk of having CAC scores >100 and 300 (OR 6.14, and 6.70, respectively).ConclusionAlcohol‐related liver disease, male gender, and hypertension were significantly associated with an increased CAC score >100. However, alcohol‐related liver disease was the only factor associated with CAC score >300.
Deconstructing the contribution of sensory cues in social approach
Authors: Contestabile Alessandro , Casarotto Giulia , Girard Benoit , Tzanoulinou Stamatina , Bellone Camilla 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSocial interaction is a complex and highly conserved behavior that safeguards survival and reproductive success. Although considerable progress has been made regarding our understanding of same‐sex conspecific and non‐aggressive interactions, questions regarding the precise contribution of sensory cues in social approach and their specific neurobiological correlates remain open. Here, by designing a series of experiments with diverse social and object stimuli manipulations in custom‐made enclosures, we first sought to deconstruct key elements of social preference as assessed by the three‐chamber task. Our results highlight the importance of social olfactory cues in approach behavior. Subsequently, we interrogated whether a social odor would activate dopaminergic neurons of the Ventral Tegmental Area in the same way as a juvenile conspecific would. Employing in vivo recordings in freely behaving mice, we observed an increase of the firing only during the transition toward the juvenile mouse and not during the transition toward the object impregnated with social odor, suggesting that these two experiences are distinct and can be differentiated at the neuronal level. Moreover, using a four‐choice task, we further showed that mice prefer to explore complex social stimuli compared to isolated sensory cues. Our findings offer insights toward understanding how different sensory modalities contribute to the neurobiological basis of social behavior which can be essential when studying social deficits observed in autism‐, depression‐, anxiety‐, or schizophrenia‐related mouse models.
No increased suggestibility to placebo in functional neurological disorder
Authors: Huys Anne‐Catherine M. L. , Beck Brianna , Haggard Patrick , Bhatia Kailash P. , Edwards Mark J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeOn the basis of occasional strong placebo responses, increased susceptibility to placebo has been proposed as a characteristic of functional neurological disorder (FND). The aim of this study was to clarify whether people with FND have a stronger placebo analgesic response than healthy controls.MethodsA study using a classic placebo paradigm, with additional conditioning and open‐label components, was performed in 30 patients with FND, and in 30 healthy controls. Ratings of mildly to moderately painful electrotactile stimuli were compared before and after the application of a placebo “anaesthetic” cream versus a control cream, after an additional conditioning exposure, and after full disclosure (open‐label component).ResultsPain intensity ratings at the placebo compared to the control site were similarly reduced in both groups. The conditioning exposure had no additional effect. After placebo disclosure a residual analgesic effect remained.ConclusionPatients with FND did not have stronger placebo responses than healthy controls. The notion of generally increased suggestibility or increased suggestibility to placebo in FND seems mistaken. Instead, occasional dramatic placebo responses may occur because functional symptoms are inherently more changeable than those due to organic disease.
Absence seizures and their relationship to depression and anxiety: Evidence for bidirectionality
Authors: Gruenbaum Benjamin F. , Sandhu Mani Ratnesh S. , Bertasi Raphael A. O. , Bertasi Tais G. O. , Schonwald Antonia , Kurup Anirudh , Gruenbaum Shaun E. , Freedman Isaac G. , Funaro Melissa C. , Blumenfeld Hal , Sanacora Gerard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAbsence seizures (AS), presenting as short losses of consciousness with staring spells, are a common manifestation of childhood epilepsy that is associated with behavioral, emotional, and social impairments. It has also been suggested that patients with AS are more likely to suffer from mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. This systematic review and meta‐analysis synthesizes human and animal models that investigated mood disorders and AS. Of the 1019 scientific publications identified, 35 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. We found that patients with AS had greater odds of developing depression and anxiety when compared to controls (odds ratio = 4.93, 95% confidence interval = 2.91–8.35, p < .01). The included studies further suggest a strong correlation between AS and depression and anxiety in the form of a bidirectional relationship. The current literature emphasizes that these conditions likely share underlying mechanisms, such as genetic predisposition, neurophysiology, and anatomical pathways. Further research will clarify this relationship and ensure more effective treatment for AS and mood disorders.
Global soil microbial biomass decreases with aridity and land‐use intensification
Authors: Wan Xiaohua , Chen Xinli , Huang Zhiqun , Chen Han Y. H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimAlthough global patterns are emerging for the soil total microbial biomass pool, our understanding of the distribution of the finer groups, especially bacterial and fungal biomass, remains limited. Moreover, we lack mechanistic insights into the global variation of soil microbial biomass.LocationGlobal terrestrial ecosystems.Time period1990–2019.Major taxa studiedBacteria and fungi.MethodsBy conducting a global synthesis of 4,472 observations from 577 sites published in 404 studies, we examined the global patterns and drivers of the soil total microbial biomass, bacterial and fungal biomass and fungi‐to‐bacteria ratio.ResultsWe found that soil total microbial, bacterial and fungal biomass peaked concurrently in tundras, with lower values in deserts, and that intensification of land use reduced soil total microbial, bacterial and fungal biomass and the fungi‐to‐bacteria biomass ratio. Soil organic carbon was the most important driver for global distribution patterns of both bacterial and fungal biomass. Our structural equation models indicated that soil bacterial and fungal biomass increased with water availability through its positive effect on soil organic carbon on a global scale. In contrast, soil total, bacterial and fungal biomass decreased with mean annual temperature and intensification of land use via their negative effects on soil organic carbon.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that decreasing water availability and land‐use intensification could reduce soil microbial biomass and the relative abundance of soil fungi to bacteria, impairing their functions and the services they provide.
Exploring trans people's lives in Britain, trans studies, geography and beyond: A review of research progress
Authors: Todd James D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I explore how trans people's lives have been conceptualised and researched in human geography. I begin by contextualising trans people's lived experiences in Britain, before recognising trans studies as a distinct field that must continue to shape geographies of trans lives and ontologies. I then consider more recent research in queer geographies which foregrounds trans lives under the ‘trans geographies' banner. I examine how space has been conceptualised in such research and demonstrate the methodological and conceptual absences and failings and problematic approaches that geographical research often perpetuates, arguing that work remains to ensure our research works with and is responsive to or developed by trans people. The paper concludes by calling upon geographers to recognise the diversities and potentialities of trans people's everyday lives and develop intersectionally‐attentive and reciprocal geographical research around trans lives, bodies, and spaces.
A comparison of MyPKFiT and WAPPS‐Hemo as dosing tools for optimizing prophylaxis in patients with severe haemophilia A treated with Octocog alfa
Authors: Arvanitakis Alexandros , Berntorp Erik , Astermark Jan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionMyPKFiT and the Web‐Accessible Population Pharmacokinetic service—Hemophilia (WAPPS‐Hemo) are web‐based population‐based applications developed for helping physicians individualize and optimize replacement therapy. Although MyPKFiT is intended for Octocog alfa and Rurioctocog alfa pegol use only, the WAPPS‐Hemo is applicable to all factor VIII concentrates.AimTo compare MyPKFiT and WAPPS‐Hemo as dosing tools for optimizing treatment of patients with severe haemophilia A on regular prophylaxis with Octocog alfa in a real‐world setting.MethodsFourteen patients with severe haemophilia A (median age 30.8 years; range 20–71) were enrolled. The FVIII activity was measured twice after a regular dose of Octocog alfa by the chromogenic and the one‐stage assays. PK analyses were performed using each tool and dosing estimations to reach trough levels of 1%, 3% or 5% after 48 h. Findings were calculated and compared.ResultsThe two PK algorithms yielded similar t½ independent of the type of FVIII assay used. However, there were significant differences in the time to reach 1%, 3% and 5%. The WAPPS‐Hemo generated 10–12 h longer time to a trough of 1% and up to 4 h for the troughs of 3% and 5%. Accordingly, the doses estimated by WAPPS‐Hemo for a daily regimen were between 28% and 100% of those proposed by MyPKFiT.ConclusionsMyPKFiT and WAPPS‐Hemo provided similar half‐life estimations for Octocog alfa independent of the FVIII assay used. The doses suggested by WAPPS‐Hemo to reach specific troughs were overall lower, which may have implications for treatment optimization.
Synthesis and ion exchange of zeolites produced from kaolin for separation of oxygen from atmospheric air
Authors: Feltrin Ana Carolina , de Souza Hilária Mendes , de Aquino Thiago Fernandes , Marques Carolina Resmini Melo , Angioletto Elidio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLithium‐based zeolites are the most commonly used materials in PSA (pressure swing adsorption) oxygen concentration from atmospheric air. Synthesizing these adsorbents using mineral raw materials adapts to worldwide environmental requests, as only high‐purity chemical reactants such as aluminates and silicates are usually used. The present work aims to synthesize and characterize zeolites using kaolin as raw material by studying the influence of the metakaolinization temperature and SiO2/Al2O3 and H2O/Na2O molar ratios by experimental design. Ion exchange was used to incorporate lithium into synthesized zeolites. Kaolin was treated thermically and characterized, and zeolites were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction. After synthesis, ionic exchange of Na+ ions by Li+ was performed. The results indicated the presence of three main phases, zeolites A, X, and P. Using ANOVA, it was found that the factors that contributed significantly to the formation of zeolite X were the H2O/Na2O and SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios. For zeolite A, the major influence was by the metakaolinization temperature and for zeolite P none of the factors was influential. Zeolites that incorporated higher amounts of lithium showed higher N2 adsorption potential, indicating that even without pure phases formed, it was possible to obtain similar adsorption efficiency to commercial zeolite.
Epidermal graft encourages wound healing by down‐regulation of gap junctional protein and activation of wound bed without graft integration as opposed to split‐thickness skin graft
Authors: Kanapathy Muholan , Hachach‐Haram Nadine , Bystrzonowski Nicola , Becker David L. , Mosahebi Afshin , Richards Toby 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWound coverage by split‐thickness skin graft (SSG) and epidermal graft (EG) shortens healing time, with comparable outcomes. However, the healing mechanism of EG is not as well understood as SSG. The difference in the healing mechanisms of EG and SSG was investigated using gap junctional proteins, proliferative marker, and cytokeratin markers. Paired punch biopsies were taken from the wound edge and wound bed from patients undergoing EG and SSG at weeks 0 and 1 to investigate wound edge keratinocyte migratory activities (connexins 43, 30, and 26), wound bed activation (Ki67), and the presence of graft integration to the wound bed (cytokeratins 14 and 6). Twenty‐four paired biopsies were taken at weeks 0 and 1 (EG, n = 12; SSG, n = 12). Wound edge biopsies demonstrated down‐regulation of connexins 43 (P = .023) and 30 (P = .027) after EG, indicating accelerated healing from the wound edge. At week 1, increased expression of Ki67 (P < .05) was seen after EG, indicating activation of cells within the wound bed. Keratinocytes expressing cytokeratins 6 and 14 were observed on all wounds treated with SSG but were absent at week 1 after EG, indicating the absence of graft integration following EG. Despite EG and SSG both being autologous skin grafts, they demonstrate different mechanisms of wound healing. EG accelerates wound healing from the wound edges and activates the wound bed despite not integrating into the wound bed at week 1 post‐grafting as opposed to SSG, hence demonstrating properties comparable with a bioactive dressing instead of a skin substitute.
The effect of low‐level laser therapy on diabetic foot ulcers: A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Huang Jing , Chen Jiangqiong , Xiong Shuyuan , Huang Jingui , Liu Zhiping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur purpose was to perform a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang databases were searched systematically up to August 27, 2020. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. A total of 13 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 413 patients were analysed. Compared with the control group, LLLT significantly increased the complete healing rate (risk ratio [RR] = 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56‐2.83, P < .00001), reduced the ulcer area (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 3.52, 95% CI 1.65‐5.38, P = .0002), and shortened the mean healing time (SMD = −1.40, 95% CI −1.90 to −0.91, P < .00001) of patients with DFUs. The quality of the evidence was very low according to the GRADE system. LLLT is a promising and effective adjuvant treatment to accelerate the healing of DFUs. Further evidence from larger samples and higher quality RCTs is needed to prove the effect of LLLT and to determine the most appropriate parameters for the healing of DFUs.