bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nut intake is inversely related to insulin resistance and CRP levels (370.2)
Authors: EL‐Amari Salem , Jaceldo‐Siegl Karen , Rizzo Nicolino , Rajaram Sujatha , Dehom Salem , Sabaté Joan 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To examine the link between nuts intake and both insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation as measured by C‐ reactive protein (CRP). Methods: Data on 773 participants (571 females and 285 males), with a mean age of 58 years from the Adventist Health Study‐2 cohort were Cross‐sectionally analyzed. Total nuts intake, including peanuts was obtained from six unannounced telephone‐based 24‐hour dietary recalls and subjects were classified by tertiles of intake. IR was determined by Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA‐IR), > 1.7. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compute the odds ratios (ORs) while adjusting for relevant demographic, dietary and lifestyle factors. Results: The odds of IR lowered with increased nuts intake. Compared with the lowest tertile the medium and high nut intake tertiles had an OR of 0.587 (95% CI 0.406‐0. 847, P, 0.004) and an OR of 0.523 (95% CI 0.360‐0.762, P, 0.001) respectively. This observed association was attenuated when additionally adjusting for BMI. High nut intake was linked to lower levels of CRP (OR 0.629, 95% CI 0.420‐0.960, P, 0.014, comparing higher versus lower nut intake tertiles). However, further adjustment for BMI resulted in loss of the statistical significance. Conclusion: High nut intake favorably relates to insulin sensitivity and lower inflammatory status. BMI seems to modulate some of these effects.Grant Funding Source: The study supported by NIH/NCI Grant # 5U01CA152939
Healthful behaviors consistent with World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research guidelines for cancer prevention and breast, prostate and colorectal cancer risk in the Framingham Offspring Cohort (1991‐2008) (370.4)
Authors: Makarem Nour , Lin Yong , Jacques Paul , Parekh Niyati 
Published: June 2021

We assessed whether healthful behaviors consistent with the WCRF/AICR guidelines for cancer prevention are associated with reduced breast, prostate and colorectal cancer risk. The study sample consisted of 3,710 men and women from the Framingham Offspring cohort. Cancers were identified from medical records (1991‐2008). Data on diet, anthropometric measures and physical activity, collected in 1991 was used to construct a 6‐component score consisting of body fatness, physical activity, foods that promote weight gain, plant foods, animal foods and alcohol. Cox regression models were used to estimate associations between the computed score and its components in relation to cancer risk. The overall score was not associated with cancer risk after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, menopausal status and hormone use. When score components were evaluated separately, alcohol consumption in recommended quantities was associated with 52‐66% reduced risk of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. Plant foods were associated with 62% reduced risk of breast cancer (HR=0.38;95%CI:0.17‐0.84). Starchy vegetable consumption in the highest tertile was associated with >2‐fold higher breast and colorectal cancer risk. In these prospective analyses, lower consumption of starchy vegetables and alcohol intakes consistent with AICR guidelines were associated with reduced risk of breast, prostate and colorectal cancers.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the American Cancer Society Research Scholar Grant (#RSG‐12‐005‐01‐CNE)
Relationship between plasma choline metabolites and risk of colorectal cancer in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (370.5)
Authors: Bae Sajin , Ulrich Cornelia , Neuhouser Marian , Malysheva Olga , Bailey Lynn , Xiao Liren , Brown Elissa , Zheng Yingye , Cheng Ting‐Yuan , Miller Joshua , Lane Dorothy , Beresford Shirley , Caudill Marie 
Published: June 2021

This study assessed associations between plasma biomarkers of choline metabolism [choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO)] and CRC risk in postmenopausal women. We selected 835 matched case‐control pairs within the WHI‐OS and measured baseline choline metabolites by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. CRC was assessed by self‐report and confirmed by medical records over the mean 5.2 y of follow‐up. In multivariate‐adjusted conditional logistic regression models, plasma choline tended to be positively related to rectal cancer risk [OR (95% CI) for the highest vs. lowest quartile: 2.44 (0.93, 6.40); P‐trend=0.08], while plasma betaine was inversely related to CRC risk [0.68 (0.47, 0.99); P‐trend=0.01]. The ratio of plasma betaine to choline was a stronger predictor of CRC risk than either metabolite alone [0.56 (0.39, 0.82); P‐trend=0.004 for total CRC and 0.27 (0.10, 0.78); P‐trend=0.02 for rectal tumors]. Plasma TMAO was positively related to rectal cancer [3.38 (1.25, 9.16); P‐trend=0.02] and interacted with plasma vitamin B12 (P=0.01) to influence CRC risk. The positive association between TMAO and CRC risk was stronger among women with low (vs. high) plasma vitamin B12. These data suggest that alterations in choline metabolism, which may arise early in disease development, predict excess risk of CRC in postmenopausal women.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH R01 CA120523, N01WH22110, HHSN26820110
Nutritional factors are associated with glycemic control among youth with type 1 diabetes (370.6)
Authors: Mayer‐Davis Elizabeth , Lamichhane Archana , Crandell Jamie , Jaacks Lindsay , Lawrence Jean 
Published: June 2021

Among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), we have previously shown that higher baseline intakes of n‐3 fatty acids and leucine are associated with preserved insulin secretion after two years. We extended this work to report the longitudinal associations of these and other nutritional factors with glycemic control (based on hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c). We included 996 T1D youth who had baseline and follow‐up HbA1c measurements (mean ± SD age, 10.7 ± 3.9 yrs; T1D duration, 9.4 ± 6.1 mos). Nutritional factors assessed at baseline included: breastfeeding status and timing of complimentary foods introduction; food frequency questionnaire estimated intake of leucine, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and fiber; and plasma biomarkers for Vitamins D and E, and EPA and DHA (n‐3 fatty acids). We fit linear regression models adjusted for baseline HbA1c, socio‐demographic variables, diabetes‐related variables including insulin regimen and dose, time between baseline and follow‐up visits, and other potential confounders including total calories. Higher intake of EPA (β= ‐0.06, p=0.006), protein (β= ‐0.002, p=0.049) and fat (β= ‐0.003, p=0.002) were each significantly associated with better follow‐up HbA1c. Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with worse HbA1c (β= 0.001, p=0.0003). In addition to the overall role of major macronutrients, n‐3 fatty acid intake, specifically EPA, may beneficially affect glycemic control.Grant Funding Source: NIDDK, CDC
Factors associated to leptin longitudinal trends throughout pregnancy differ according to pre‐gestational BMI (371.4)
Authors: Franco‐Sena Ana , Oliveira Livia , Pinto Thatiana de , Farias Dayana , Vaz Juliana dos , Kac Gilberto 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To assess if longitudinal trends of leptin in pregnancy are influenced by biochemical, anthropometric and lifestyle factors in women with normal weight (NW) or excessive weight (WE) pre‐gestational body mass index (BMI). Methods: Prospective cohort of 232 pregnant women followed at 8‐13th, 20‐26th and 30‐36th gestational weeks. The effect of anthropometric, biochemical, sociodemographic and life‐style variables on longitudinal behavior of plasmatic leptin concentrations, stratifying for NW (18.5‐24.9kg/m2) and EW (蠅25kg/m2) pre‐gestational BMI was assessed through longitudinal linear mixed‐effects models. Results: Leptin median values were 20.4, 32.1, and 31.6 ng/dL, respectively for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester. The multiple regression model for women with NW revealed associations of body weight (β=0.705, SE=0.110), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (β=‐59.197, SE=30.361), serum HDL‐cholesterol (β=0.231, SE=0.072) and C‐reactive protein (β=‐0.140, SE=0.067) with plasmatic leptin levels. In women with EW, serum HDL‐cholesterol (β=0.441, SE=0.145), body weight (β=0.663, SE=0.116), triglycerides levels (β=‐0.061, SE=0.027) and carbohydrate intake (β=0.029, SE=0.015) were significantly associated to leptin. Conclusion: Maternal weight, lipid profile, CRP and carbohydrate intake were associated with leptin changes throughout pregnancy, but some of these factors differ according to pre‐gestational BMI.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPERJ and CNPq
Towards nutrigenomics: studies to identify gene‐diet interactions affecting susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (373.4)
Authors: Bennett Brian , Corbin Karen , Smallwood Tangi , O'Connor annalouise , Zeisel Steven 
Published: June 2021

Science has been revolutionized by the advent of high‐throughput technologies of the ‐omic scale. Nutrigenomics aims to identify genetic and dietary interactions that affect gene expression. A goal of nutrigenomics is to identify novel gene x diet interactions that increase susceptibility to disease. Nutrigenomics approaches can incorporate multiple scales of data, such as mRNA and metabolite levels, to identify these novel interactions. One scale of data that is particularly promising for nutrigenomic studies is metabolomics, system‐wide study of small molecule metabolites. An example of the utility of metabolomics are the recent studies identifying specific choline metabolites as predictive of cardiovascular disease. In particular, circulating levels of the trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) and betaine are associated with increased atherosclerosis in humans and mice.Our current research is aimed at developing a nutrigenomic platform. To accomplish this, we employ a systems‐genetic approach to elucidate the genetic and dietary factors affecting cardiovascular susceptibility. We have initiated a set of studies across genetically diverse mouse strains to understand basal and diet‐induced changes in choline metabolism, focused on TMAO and betaine metabolism. Initial results thus far demonstrate that choline metabolites vary by genetic background, are affected by diet and that dietary challenges elicit a genetic x diet interaction that may involve the microbiome. We have extended these studies using the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse panel recently developed by the Jackson Laboratory to identify a novel locus regulating TMAO levels in mice. Overall, these studies offer a proof a principle for an approach to nutrigenomic studies.Grant Funding Source: Pilot funds from the Nutrition Obesity Research Center (P30DK056350) and the NHLBI (4R00HL102223)
Social and cultural influences of maternal capacities that influence child feeding in Uganda (378.5)
Authors: Ickes Scott , Wright Timothy , Pugh Laura 
Published: June 2021

We conducted in‐depth interview (n=96) and focus groups (n=10) among mothers and fathers of diverse ages in eastern and western Uganda to define the relevant domains of maternal capacities and their relationship to infant and young child feeding practices. This study was directed by a developing theory of maternal capacities that posits that the impact of health‐directed interventions may be limited by unmeasured and poorly understood maternal characteristics. Ugandan caregivers defined three major life events that constrain women's capacity for childcare: early pregnancy, close child spacing, and polygamous marriage. Women describe major constraints in their decision‐making capabilities generally and specifically to procuring food for young children. Men and women agree that fathers are the final decision‐makers in major decisions, but are amendable to greater maternal participation. Future nutrition programs may improve their impact in these settings through activities that engage household decision‐making scenarios, and that strengthen women's social support networks. Findings suggest that efforts to protect adolescent girls from becoming young mothers may be one additional way to improve nutrition outcomes in poor communities with a generally low status of women relative to men.Grant Funding Source: Supported by William and Mary Charles Center Monroe Scholarship, Schroeder Center for Health Policy
A pilot worksite nutrition intervention improves firefighter diets and reduces body weight: results from the Firefighter Food Intervention, Research and Evaluation study (379.8)
Authors: Goheer Attia , Bailey Maryanne , Cheskin Lawrence , Gittelsohn Joel , Pollack Keshia 
Published: June 2021

Over 80% of firefighters are classified as overweight or obese and the primary cause of on‐duty death is heart attacks. Previous programs designed to improve the health of firefighters have primarily focused on physical activity. Firefighters from eight fire stations across Maryland (six intervention (n=90), two control (n=25)) enrolled in a novel quasi‐experimental six‐month worksite nutrition intervention based on an analytic framework for worksite interventions suggested by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Monthly sessions at intervention stations included nutrition presentations and cooking demonstrations. Kitchen equipment, resource libraries, and vending machine recommendations were provided to improve station food environments, and discounts on healthier options at local restaurants were negotiated. 87% of intervention participants tried a new food or food preparation method and 71% reported changes in their home food environments. Preliminary results suggest statistically significant improvements in total caloric intake, percent empty calories, weight and percent body fat, and advancement through the Stages of Change for recommended dietary behaviors. These results suggest myriad physical, behavioral and environmental improvements which extend beyond individual fire stations. This pilot intervention can inform future worksite interventions to combat obesity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Dept Homeland Security, FEMA's Assistance to Firefighters Grant Prgm, EMW‐2007‐FP‐01040
Economic resources and childhood overweight: a quasi‐experiment (380.3)
Authors: Jones‐Smith Jessica 
Published: June 2021

Economic resources and childhood overweight: A quasi‐experiment
Objective: Our objective was to use a natural experiment approach to test whether increases in economic resources stemming from American Indian‐owned casinos resulted in decreased overweight risk.Methods: We used a quasi‐experimental design with repeated cross‐sectional anthropometric measurements (n=22,863) of American Indian children (ages 7‐18) in California between 2001 and 2012. Children were considered exposed to a casino if the school district they attended encompassed a casino on American Indian tribal lands. Children in districts with tribal lands, but without a casino, were considered unexposed to casinos. We further characterized casinos according to the size of the casino and estimated size of the affiliated tribal population. Outcomes were children’s body mass index and overweight/obesity.Results: American Indian children from school districts that gained or expanded a casino experienced a significant reduction in the probability of overweight. Every additional 10 slot machines per capita decreased the probability of overweight by 2 percentage points (β = ‐0.02 (95% CI: ‐0.03, ‐0.01)), which, for an overweight prevalence of 48%, is a 4% decline in risk of overweight.Conclusions: Our findings support a causal role for economic resources in reducing childhood risk for overweight among American Indian children.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH NICHD (K99 HD073327).
The effects of a high‐protein afternoon snack containing soy on appetite control, satiety, and subsequent food intake in young people (381.7)
Authors: Leidy Heather , Shafer Rebecca , Todd Chelsie , Ortinau Laura 
Published: June 2021

Background: Nutrient‐poor snacking has substantially contributed to the obesity epidemic, particularly in young people. Purpose: To examine the effects of a nutrient‐rich, high‐protein (HP) snack vs. a typical nutrient‐poor, high‐fat (HF) snack on appetite control, satiety, and subsequent food intake in young people. Design: Thirty‐two healthy adolescents (age: 17 ± 1 y) randomly consumed 260 kcal afternoon snacks containing HP (26 g protein; 6 g fat; 27 g CHO) or HF (4 g protein; 12 g fat; 32 g CHO) or had no snack (NS) for 3 days. On day 4, the participants came to our facility 2h prior to their respective snack pattern to complete the 8h testing day. Pre and post‐snack appetite questionnaires were completed throughout the day until dinner was voluntarily requested. Ad libitum dinner and evening snacks were provided. Results: Although both snacks reduced hunger, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption and increased fullness vs. NS (all, P<0.001), the HP snack led to greater reductions in hunger vs. HF (P<0.05). Only the HP snack delayed subsequent eating vs. NS (P<0.05). Lastly, the HP snack reduced evening snacking by ‐445 ± 145 kcal, particularly from high fat and high sugar foods vs. NS (P<0.005), while HF had no effect. Conclusions: The daily consumption of a high‐protein afternoon snack containing soy led to improved appetite control, satiety, and reduced unhealthy evening snacking in young people.Grant Funding Source: Supported by DuPont Nutrition & Health
Intakes of dietary fat components on the nutrition facts panel are associated with indices of body composition in children (383.3)
Authors: Bohan Brown Michelle , Fernandez Jose 
Published: June 2021

Packaged food in the United States has a nutrition facts panel on the label where daily recommended values for each of the nutritional components are listed. With concerns about obesity and the role nutrition may play in obesity development, we investigated if nutritional components are associated with body composition indices and if the association is a simple association or if it can be altered by genetic predisposition for obesity. Fat mass index (FMI = fat mass/height2), lean mass index (LMI = lean mass/height2), and BMI were calculated for 279 children of European‐, African‐ and Hispanic‐American background. Fat mass and lean mass were determined using dual x‐ray absorptiometry. Total fat, monounsaturated fat (MUFA), polyunsaturated fat (PUFA), carbohydrate, sugar, fiber, and protein intakes were obtained from 24 hour dietary recall. Obesity genetic risk score (ORS) was calculated from 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms by counting the number of obesity‐risk alleles. Models evaluating the association of BMI, LMI, and FMI with dietary components, dietary components and ORS, and the interaction of ORS and nutrition components were adjusted by standard covariates. FMI was associated with the interaction of MUFA and ORS (b= ‐0.018, p=0.042). LMI was associated with the interaction of PUFA and ORS (b=0.013, p=0.049). Association of total fat intake and LMI was suppressed until ORS was added to the model (b=0.0011, p=0.036). The relationship between dietary components and indices of body composition exists with dietary fat components. Associations of dietary components with body composition were more complex than thought and this complexity should be taken into consideration in modeling of these relationships.Grant Funding Source: NIDDK T32 DK062710, NIDDK P30DK056336, NIDDK R01 DK067426
Thirty‐year trends in alcoholic beverage consumption among U.S. adults (384.8)
Authors: Butler Lauren , Poti Jennifer , Popkin Barry 
Published: June 2021

Little is known about alcoholic beverage consumption trends from 1977‐2010 among US adults. To examine if disparities exist by socio‐demographic subgroups, we used multivariable linear and logistic regression models to examine trends in daily prevalence of drinking and per‐consumer intake of alcoholic beverage calories among Americans 蠅 19 years (n=80,987) from five surveys of dietary intake from 1977‐2010. Time interactions were tested for gender, age, race/ethnicity and income. From 1977‐2010, the daily prevalence of drinking alcohol doubled for men (17% to 31%) and women (8% to 17%). Increases were greatest for Non‐Hispanic Blacks (7% to 22%), Americans aged 60+, (9% to 22%) and those from low‐income households (7% to 20%). Among consumers, mean daily calories from alcoholic beverages increased significantly from 276 to 318 kcal/d between 1977‐78 and 2007‐2010. Intake was significantly higher for males compared to females, younger age groups compared to adults 60+ years, and Non‐Hispanic Whites (NHW) compared to Mexican Americans for all survey years. Men consumed significantly more calories from beer than women from 1977‐2010, whereas women consumed higher calories from wine from 1994‐2010. Trends in alcoholic beverage intake varied by socio‐demographic factors and suggest that males, younger adults, and NHW might be vulnerable to negative health effects of high consumption of alcohol calories.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH‐NRSA (Grant 5T32DK768620); Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Grant 70017)
Genetic hemoglobin disorders and anemia in Cambodian women of reproductive age (389.7)
Authors: Karakochuk Crystal , Whitfield Kyly , Talukder Aminuzzaman , McLean Judy , Green Timothy 
Published: June 2021

Anemia is common in Cambodian women of reproductive age. Anemia can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and other serious health consequences. Potential causes of anemia include micronutrient deficiencies, infection and disease. In Cambodia, genetic hemoglobin (Hb) disorders are common, leading to anemia and other complications.Objective: To examine associations between anemia (Hb <120g/L) and genetic Hb disorders in Cambodian women (18‐45 y).Methods: 450 women from Prey Veng province provided blood. A complete blood count was performed and the presence and typing of hemoglobin disorders was carried out by PCR and electrophoresis.Results: Overall, the prevalence of anemia in women was 33.1%, of which 61% was microcytic (Hb <120g/L and MCV <80fl). The prevalence of genetic hemoglobin disorders was over 55% (most commonly alpha‐thalassemia, Hb E and Hb CS) and were significantly correlated with anemia. Of women with anemia, over two‐thirds had an abnormal genetic hemoglobin type. Less than 5% of women had a low serum ferritin (< 15 µg/L).Conclusion: The majority of anemia in Cambodian women is microcytic anemia. A major predictor of anemia was genetic Hb disorders. Low serum ferritin was uncommon suggesting that iron deficiency is not a major problem. However, genetic Hb disorders may be confounding the interpretation of ferritin and leading to an underestimation of iron‐deficiency anemia. Other indicators of iron status and other micronutrients involved in anemia are being examined.Grant Funding Source: Supported by The International Development Research Centre and The Department of Foreign Affairs, Tr