bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How We Work Now: Preliminary Review of a Pediatric Neuropsychology Hybrid Model in the Era of COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Lichtenstein Jonathan D , Amato Jennifer T , Holding Emily Z , Grodner Kelsey D , Pollock Erica N , Marschall Kelsea P , Scull Sara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Although telehealth has become a central component of medical care in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, comprehensive pediatric neuropsychological assessment over virtual platforms lacks empirical efficacy. This paper presents: a) the results of a quality improvement project examining the feasibility of in-person evaluation in the context of safety measures that alter test standardization, b) the impact such changes had upon neuropsychological test scores, and c) how using a hybrid model of clinical service delivery affected access to care.

Method
We compared demographic and outcome variables between patients seen during the pandemic (N = 87) to a group of patients seen in our service immediately prior to COVID-19 (N = 87). A subset of those patients were case-matched for age and diagnosis (N = 39 per group). Children seen for neuropsychological re-evaluation during the pandemic (N = 10) were examined using pairwise comparison.

Results
Groups did not differ on age, sex, or FSIQ. Despite changes to standardized administration, no group differences were found for any selected neuropsychological test variables in the larger sample or subsamples. In fact, all variables were moderately to highly correlated in the re-evaluation subgroup. The hybrid model expedited feedback sessions and increased face-to-face (telehealth) feedbacks.

Conclusions
A hybrid model incorporating modified in-person testing and intake and feedback encounters via telehealth may be a feasible and effective way to provide pediatric neuropsychological services. These preliminary findings suggest such novel aspects of neuropsychological evaluation could represent an improvement over pre-COVID models, especially in rural settings.
iAMP-CA2L: a new CNN-BiLSTM-SVM classifier based on cellular automata image for identifying antimicrobial peptides and their functional types
Authors: Xiao Xuan , Shao Yu-Tao , Cheng Xiang , Stamatovic Biljana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPredicting antimicrobial peptides (AMPs’) function is an important and difficult problem, particularly when AMPs have many multiplex functions, i.e. some AMPs simultaneously have two or three functional classes. By introducing the ‘CNN-BiLSTM-SVM classifier’ and ‘cellular automata image’, a new predictor, called iAMP-CA2L, has been developed that can be used to deal with the systems containing both monofunctional and multifunctional AMPs. iAMP-CA2L is a 2-level predictor. The 1st level is to identify whether a given query peptide is an AMP or a non-AMP, while the 2nd level is to predict if it belongs to one or more functional types. As demonstration, the jackknife cross-validation was performed with iAMP-CA2L on a benchmark dataset of AMPs classified into the following 10 functional classes: (1) antibacterial peptides, (2) antiviral peptides, (3) antifungal peptides, (4) antibiofilm peptides, (5) antiparasital peptides, (6) anti-HIV peptides, (7) anticancer (antitumor) peptides, (8) chemotactic peptides, (9) anti-MRSA peptides and (10) antiendotoxin peptides, where none of AMPs included has ≥90% pairwise sequence identity to any other in the same subset. Experiments show that iAMP-CA2L has greatly improved the prediction performance compared with the existing predictors. iAMP-CA2L is freely accessible to the public at the web site http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/ iAMP-CA2L, and the predictor program has been uploaded to https://github.com/liujin66/iAMP-CA2L.
“My Money and My Heart”: Buying a Birkin and Boundary Work Online
Authors: Foster Jordan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
YouTube videos document the purchase and “unboxing” of status goods, highlighting the intense emotional fervor that follows. Commenters respond with praise while expressing envy for the goods on their person. Taken together, online videos and the comments that attend them raise a number of questions about how we evaluate fashion purchases and the boundaries and inequalities these purchases bring to light. Using a sample of 10 widely viewed online videos and over 2,700 public comments in reply to these, I provide an analysis of boundary work in a context of extreme privilege. I do this with a critical eye towards the ways in which commenters leverage envy and aspiration to both bridge boundaries and draw distinctions online.
Racial Disparities in InvasiveHaemophilus influenzaeDisease—United States, 2008–2017
Authors: Brown Nicole E , Blain Amy E , Burzlaff Kari , Harrison Lee H , Petit Susan , Schaffner William , Smelser Chad , Thomas Ann , Triden Lori , Watt James P , Pondo Tracy , Whaley Melissa J , Hu Fang , Wang Xin , Oliver Sara , Soeters Heidi M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) conjugate vaccines in the United States, invasive H. influenzae disease epidemiology has changed, and racial disparities have not been recently described.MethodsActive population- and laboratory-based surveillance for H. influenzae was conducted through Active Bacterial Core surveillance at 10 US sites. Data from 2008–2017 were used to estimate projected nationwide annual incidence, as cases per 100 000.ResultsDuring 2008–2017, Active Bacterial Core surveillance identified 7379 H. influenzae cases. Of 6705 patients (90.9%) with reported race, 76.2% were White, 18.6% were Black, 2.8% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and 2.4% were American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN). The nationwide annual incidence was 1.8 cases/100 000. By race, incidence was highest among AI/AN populations (3.1) and lowest among Asian/Pacific Islander populations (0.8). Nontypeable H. influenzae caused the largest incidence within all races (1.3), with no striking disparities identified. Among AI/AN children aged &lt;5 years, incidence of H. influenzae serotype a (Hia) was 16.7 times higher and Hib incidence was 22.4 times higher than among White children. Although Hia incidence was lower among White and Black populations than among AI/AN populations, Hia incidence increased 13.6% annually among White children and 40.4% annually among Black children aged &lt;5 years.ConclusionsWhile nontypeable H. influenzae causes the largest H. influenzae burden overall, AI/AN populations experience disproportionately high rates of Hia and Hib, with the greatest disparity among AI/AN children aged &lt;5 years. Prevention tools are needed to reduce disparities affecting AI/AN children and address increasing Hia incidence in other communities.
Rectal Cancer Incidence is Low Following Rectal Diversion or Subtotal Colectomy for IBD: Results of a Population-based Study
Authors: Brar Mantaj S , de Buck van Overstraeten Anthony , Baxter Nancy N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Following subtotal colectomy or diversion for medically refractory inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], completion proctectomy has been recommended to reduce the risk of rectal cancer. However, this recommendation is based on low-quality evidence. Our objectives were to estimate the cumulative incidence of rectal cancer and evaluate if surveillance endoscopy reduces the risk of rectal cancer.

Methods
We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada, of all patients undergoing either subtotal colectomy or diversion for medically refractory IBD over 1991–2015. We excluded patients with a previous history of colorectal cancer or previous rectal resection, and those with &lt;1 year of observation. We calculated the rate of incident rectal cancer using a competing risks model, and evaluated the effect of surveillance endoscopy on the rate of rectal cancer.

Results
In all, 3700 patients were included with a median follow-up of 4.3 years. Of this cohort, 47% underwent rectal resection or restoration of gastrointestinal [GI] continuity during the observation period; 40 patients were diagnosed with rectal cancer, with a cumulative incidence of rectal cancer of 0.81% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53%, 1.20%) and 1.86% [95% CI 1.29%, 2.61%] at 10 and 20 years, respectively. Surveillance endoscopy was associated with a lower rate of rectal cancer (subhazard ratio [sHR] 0.37, 95% CI 0.16, 0.82, p = 0.014].

Conclusions
Among patients with a retained rectum following surgery for IBD, the risk of rectal cancer is low and appears to be lower when surveillance endoscopy is performed. Expectant management with surveillance endoscopy may be a reasonable alternative to completion proctectomy in selected patients.
Long-term follow-up after ultrathin vs. conventional 2nd-generation drug-eluting stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Madhavan Mahesh V , Howard James P , Naqvi Azim , Ben-Yehuda Ori , Redfors Bjorn , Prasad Megha , Shahim Bahira , Leon Martin B , Bangalore Sripal , Stone Gregg W , Ahmad Yousif 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Contemporary 2nd-generation thin-strut drug-eluting stents (DES) are considered standard of care for revascularization of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. A previous meta-analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 11 658 patients demonstrated a 16% reduction in the 1-year risk of target lesion failure (TLF) with ultrathin-strut DES compared with conventional 2nd-generation thin-strut DES. Whether this benefit is sustained longer term is not known, and newer trial data may inform these relative outcomes. We therefore sought to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs comparing clinical outcomes with ultrathin-strut DES (≤70 µm strut thickness) with conventional 2nd-generation thin-strut DES.

Methods and results
We performed a random-effects meta-analysis of all RCTs comparing ultrathin-strut DES to conventional 2nd-generation thin-strut DES. The pre-specified primary endpoint was long-term TLF, a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), or clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR). Secondary endpoints included the components of TLF, stent thrombosis (ST), and all-cause death. There were 16 eligible trials in which 20 701 patients were randomized. The weighted mean follow-up duration was 2.5 years. Ultrathin-strut DES were associated with a 15% reduction in long-term TLF compared with conventional 2nd-generation thin-strut DES [relative risk (RR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–0.96, P = 0.008] driven by a 25% reduction in CD-TLR (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.92, P = 0.005). There were no significant differences between stent types in the risks of MI, ST, cardiac death, or all-cause mortality.

Conclusions
At a mean follow-up of 2.5 years, ultrathin-strut DES reduced the risk of TLF, driven by less CD-TLR compared with conventional 2nd-generation thin-strut DES, with similar risks of MI, ST, cardiac death, and all-cause mortality.
Non-invasive body surface electrocardiographic imaging for diagnosis of atrial cardiomyopathy
Authors: Eichenlaub Martin , Mueller-Edenborn Bjoern , Lehrmann Heiko , Minners Jan , Nairn Deborah , Loewe Axel , Allgeier Juergen , Jander Nikolaus , Allgeier Martin , Ruile Philipp , Hein Manuel , Rees Felix , Trenk Dietmar , Weber Reinhold , Neumann Franz-Josef , Arentz Thomas , Jadidi Amir 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) is associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and increased risk for stroke. At present, diagnosis of ACM is feasible by endocardial contact mapping of left atrial (LA) low-voltage substrate (LVS) or late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, but their complexity limits a widespread use. The aim of this study was to assess non-invasive body surface electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) as a novel clinical tool for diagnosis of ACM compared with endocardial mapping.

Methods and results
Thirty-nine consecutive patients (66 ± 9 years, 85% male) presenting for their first PVI for persistent atrial fibrillation underwent ECGI in sinus rhythm using a 252-electrode-array mapping system. Subsequently, high-density LA voltage and biatrial activation maps (mean 2090 ± 488 sites) were acquired in sinus rhythm prior to PVI. Freedom from arrhythmia recurrence was assessed within 12 months follow-up. Increased duration of total atrial conduction time (TACT) in ECGI was associated with both increased atrial activation time and extent of LA-LVS in endocardial contact mapping (r = 0.77 and r = 0.66, P &lt; 0.0001 respectively). Atrial cardiomyopathy was found in 23 (59%) patients. A TACT value of 148 ms identified ACM with 91.3% sensitivity and 93.7% specificity. Arrhythmia recurrence occurred in 15 (38%) patients during a follow-up of 389 ± 55 days. Freedom from arrhythmia was significantly higher in patients with a TACT &lt;148 ms compared with patients with a TACT ≥148 ms (82.4% vs. 45.5%, P = 0.019).

Conclusion
Analysis of TACT in non-invasive ECGI allows diagnosis of patients with ACM, which is associated with a significantly increased risk for arrhythmia recurrence following PVI.
Reversal of pulmonary hypertension in paediatric patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Schlein Johanna , Riebandt Julia , Laufer Günther , Zimpfer Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Left ventricular assist devices can reverse pulmonary hypertension in cardiac transplant candidates with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Whether a similar approach is applicable in restrictive cardiomyopathy is uncertain. We report the successful implantation of a Medtronic HVAD left ventricular assist device in a bridge-to-candidacy concept in 2 paediatric patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy.
The Immediate Effects of a Combined Mass Drug Administration and Indoor Residual Spraying Campaign to Accelerate Progress Toward Malaria Elimination in Grande-Anse, Haiti
Authors: Druetz Thomas , Stresman Gillian , Ashton Ruth A , Joseph Vena , van den Hoogen Lotus , Worges Matt , Hamre Karen E S , Fayette Carl , Monestime Frank , Impoinvil Daniel , Rogier Eric , Chang Michelle A , Lemoine Jean Frantz , Drakeley Chris , Eisele Thomas P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Haiti is planning targeted interventions to accelerate progress toward malaria elimination. In the most affected department (Grande-Anse), a combined mass drug administration (MDA) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaign was launched in October 2018. This study assessed the intervention’s effectiveness in reducing Plasmodium falciparum prevalence.

Methods
An ecological quasi-experimental study was designed, using a pretest and posttest with a nonrandomized control group. Surveys were conducted in November 2017 in a panel of easy access groups (25 schools and 16 clinics) and were repeated 2–6 weeks after the campaign, in November 2018. Single-dose sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and primaquine was used for MDA, and pirimiphos-methyl as insecticide for IRS.

Results
A total of 10 006 participants were recruited. Fifty-two percent of the population in the intervention area reported having received MDA. Prevalence diminished between 2017 and 2018 in both areas, but the reduction was significantly larger in the intervention area (ratio of adjusted risk ratios, 0.32 [95% confidence interval, .104–.998]).

Conclusions
Despite a moderate coverage, the campaign was effective in reducing P. falciparum prevalence immediately after 1 round. Targeted MDA plus IRS is useful in preelimination settings to rapidly decrease the parasite reservoir, an encouraging step to accelerate progress toward malaria elimination.
Consumption of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017
Authors: Adriaenssens Niels , Bruyndonckx Robin , Versporten Ann , Hens Niel , Monnet Dominique L , Molenberghs Geert , Goossens Herman , Weist Klaus , Coenen Samuel ,   the ESAC-Net study group, Strauss Reinhild , Vandael Eline , Sabtcheva Stefana , Andrašević Arjana Tambić , Kyriakidou Isavella , Vlček Jiří , Sönksen Ute Wolff , Linask Elviira , Sarvikivi Emmi , Hider-Mlynarz Karima , Sin Muna Abu , Kontopidou Flora , Benkő Ria , Aspelund Gudrun , Oza Ajay , Fortinguerra Filomena , Rutkovska Ieva , Valintėlienė Rolanda , Bruch Marcel , Zarb Peter , Natsch Stephanie , Blix Hege Salvesen , Olczak-Pieńkowska Anna , Silva Ana , Popescu Gabriel Adrian , Tesař Tomáš , Čižman Milan , Herreras Mayte Alonso , Bergfeldt Vendela , Müller-Pebody Berit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Data on the consumption of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (MLS) in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in composition of the main subgroups of MLS.

Methods
For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of MLS, i.e. ATC group J01F, in the community and aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Consumption of MLS was analysed and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes, using a classification based on mean plasma elimination half-life for macrolides.

Results
In 2017, consumption of MLS in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied by a factor of 13 between countries with the highest (Greece) and the lowest (Sweden) consumption. Consumption of MLS did not change significantly up to 2003, after which it significantly increased up to 2007. No significant change was observed after 2007. Consumption of MLS showed high seasonal variation. The proportional consumption of long-acting macrolides significantly increased over time compared with that of intermediate-acting macrolides, and proportional consumption of the latter increased compared with that of short-acting macrolides.

Conclusions
Consumption of MLS did not change significantly over time during 2007–2017, while the proportional consumption of long-acting macrolides increased. Seasonal variation remained high, which suggests that MLS are still prescribed inappropriately in many countries.
Analysing the trend over time of antibiotic consumption in the community: a tutorial on the detection of common change-points
Authors: Bruyndonckx Robin , Coenen Samuel , Adriaenssens Niels , Versporten Ann , Monnet Dominique L , Goossens Herman , Molenberghs Geert , Weist Klaus , Hens Niel ,   the ESAC-Net study group, Strauss Reinhild , Vandael Eline , Sabtcheva Stefana , Payerl-Pal Marina , Kyriakidou Isavella , Vlček Jiří , Sönksen Ute Wolff , Linask Elviira , Sarvikivi Emmi , Cavalié Philippe , Eckmanns Tim , Kontopidou Flora , Matuz Mária , Aspelund Gudrun , Burns Karen , Fortinguerra Filomena , Seilis Andis , Valintėlienė Rolanda , Bruch Marcel , Zarb Peter , Natsch Stephanie , Blix Hege Salvesen , Olczak-Pieńkowska Anna , Silva Ana , Popescu Gabriel Adrian , Tesař Tomáš , Čižman Milan , Navas Antonio López , Bergfeldt Vendela , Müller-Pebody Berit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This tutorial describes and illustrates statistical methods to detect time trends possibly including abrupt changes (referred to as change-points) in the consumption of antibiotics in the community.

Methods
For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC group J01) in the community, aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology and expressed in DDD (ATC/DDD index 2019) per 1000 inhabitants per day. Trends over time and presence of common change-points were studied through a set of non-linear mixed models.

Results
After a thorough description of the set of models used to assess the time trend and presence of common change-points herein, the methodology was applied to the consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC J01) in 25 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries. The best fit was obtained for a model including two change-points: one in the first quarter of 2004 and one in the last quarter of 2008.

Conclusions
Allowing for the inclusion of common change-points improved model fit. Individual countries investigating changes in their antibiotic consumption pattern can use this tutorial to analyse their country data.
Larvae Crowding Increases Development Rate, Improves Disease Resistance, and Induces Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes and Heat Shock Proteins in Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Li Hongbo , Dai Changgeng , Zhu Yi , Hu Yang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High population density (crowding) becomes a stress factor in insects. The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker), displays gregarious and solitary phases at high and low population densities, respectively. In this study, we compared life history, disease resistance, and induction of antioxidant enzymes and heat shock protein (HSPs) in two phases of M. separata larvae. Results showed that gregarious larvae had a faster growth rate and lower pupal weight compared to solitary larvae. Furthermore, gregarious individuals exhibited higher survival rates than solitary individuals after Beauveria bassiana infection. The gregarious larvae had higher malondialdehyde content compared to solitary ones, but no differences in total antioxidant capacity were observed between the two larval phases before or after infection. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly lower in gregarious M. separata larvae than solitary individuals before infection, but no difference was detected in two phases after infection. However, peroxidase and catalase activities in the two phases showed no difference either before or after infection. Hsp19.8 and Hsp90 expression in gregarious larvae were up-regulated when compared to solitary individuals before or after infection. CuZnSOD expression was not different between the two phases before infection, but it was up-regulated in gregarious ones compared to solitary ones after infection. However, expression of other stress-related genes in gregarious larvae was either repressed or unchanged when compared to solitary individuals before or after infection. Thus, larval crowding changed life history, improved disease resistance of M. separata larvae, and induced variable response of antioxidant enzymes and HSPs to fungal infection.
To move or not to move? Immigration and natives’ neighborhood choices in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Han Joseph , Hur Jinwook , Lee Jongkwan , Yang Hyunjoo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate the impact of an increase in immigrant inflows on natives’ residential choices in a large metropolitan city. We utilize an administrative dataset containing information about residential address changes and self-reported reasons for relocation. Exploiting the expansion of a special visa program as an exogenous shock, we find that immigration inflows are both a push and a pull factor for natives. While neighborhoods in Seoul lost more than 6 natives for every 10 additional immigrants between 2006 and 2015, certain native workers were drawn to areas with immigrant inflows for job-related reasons.