bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow behavior and mechanical properties of water chestnut (Trapa natans) under steady shear as affected by acid and autoclave treatment
Authors: Bhat Mohmad Sayeed , Arya Shalini Subhash 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe flow behavior and mechanical properties of the water chestnut as influenced by acid and autoclave treatment (AT) are envisaged. The water chestnut flour (WCNF) was exposed to 1 M HCl, acid hydrolysed (AH) in the ratio of 1:1 (wt/vol) and AT at 121°C for 15 min, and cooled for 24 (AT‐24) and 72 (AT‐72) hr at 4°C. The acid hydrolysis and autoclaving resulted in significant changes in physico‐functional, flow behavior, and mechanical properties of the water chestnut. The WCNF showed a non‐Newtonian behavior, and the viscosity decreased with an increase in the shear rate for both acid and autoclave treated WCNF samples. The mechanical spectra, storage modulus (G′), and loss modulus (G″) observed dominance of the elastic component over viscous component in both acidic and autoclaving conditions. The flow behavior and mechanical spectrum data were fitted to the power‐law model and the Ostwald‐de Waele equation. The relationship among the power‐law coefficients (n, K, n′, and n″) was assessed by linear regression of the fitted models. The swelling power of WCNF and AH was lower than AT samples. However, the increase in swelling power with the rise in temperature from 55 to 95°C was more for WCNF and AH samples than AT samples. The autoclaving‐cooling changed the A‐type X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern to a B‐type XRD pattern representing the loss of molecular order and the disintegration of the internal structure.Practical applicationsSince different stresses cause different reactions in materials, it is critical to measure liquid flow in a way that mimics the mechanism it might encounter in an industrial or commercial setting. Many processing operations that include slurries or pastes, such as beneficiation (wet mixing and milling, filtration); shape formation (extrusion); and coating or deposition, require knowledge of rheological behavior. Although various nuts and seeds are extensively being studied for their physicochemical and functional behavior in different environments, the data of water chestnut on feasibility in industry‐related process operations is scarce. Therefore, the rheology of the water chestnut in acid and autoclave environment can help to decide the process feasibility and, hence, use in a particular industrial operation.
Hidden ‘pit’falls in deciphering the gonadotropin releasing hormone neuroendocrine cell lineage
Authors: Shan Yufei , Wray Susan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo this day, the identity of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) progenitors remains unclear. However, the visualization of different developmental markers in subsets of GnRH neurons during early embryonic stages raised the possibility of at least two GnRH subpopulations. This observation led directly to a second question. Does visualization of different developmental markers in subsets of GnRH neurons reflect functional heterogeneity? This question remains unanswered, but as we learn more about the GnRH system, functional GnRH subpopulations become critically important to understanding GnRH function. This review addresses the development of the neuroendocrine GnRH system, specifically the heterogeneity of the GnRH neuroendocrine population.
A case of ovarian serous cystadenofibroma with scattered lesions in pelvic cavity, like malignant disseminations
Authors: Fujita Kazuhisa , Ogawa Chisa , Sako Takahiro , Utsumi Fumi , Inada Ken‐ichi , Shibata Kiyosumi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOvarian serous cystadenofibroma is a relatively rare subtype of serous cystadenoma classified as ovarian benign epithelial tumor. We report a rare case of ovarian serous cystadenofibroma with scattered lesions in pelvic cavity, like malignant disseminations. The patient was 22 years old, gravida 0, para 0. In the laparoscopic surgery, numerous hard yellowish‐white solid masses of various sizes were present in the bilateral ovaries. Grossly similar masses were scattered in the fimbria of the fallopian tubes, peritoneum, and great omentum. Because the intraoperative rapid histological diagnosis was benign tumor, surgery was completed for only tumor excision. Postoperative histopathological diagnosis is serous cystadenofibroma. Similar pathological findings were noted in the scattered lesions in the peritoneum and great omentum. No malignant or borderline malignant finding was observed. Because of a benign disease, careful treatment taking fertility preservation into consideration is necessary, especially for young patients.
Lung and lymph node metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of pathological aspects
Authors: Woo Ha Young , Rhee Hyungjin , Yoo Jeong Eun , Kim Se Hoon , Choi Gi Hong , Kim Do Young , Woo Hyun Goo , Lee Hye Sun , Park Young Nyun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsExtrahepatic metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a catastrophic event, yet organ‐specific pathological characteristics of metastatic HCC remain unclear. We aimed to characterize the pathological aspects of HCC metastases to various organs.MethodsWe collected intrahepatic HCC (cohort 1, n = 322) and extrahepatic metastatic HCC (cohort 2, n = 130) samples. Clinicopathological evaluation and immunostaining for K19, CD34, αSMA, fibroblast‐associated protein (FAP), CAIX, VEGF, PD‐L1, CD3, CD8, Foxp3, CD163 and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related markers were performed.ResultsIndependent factors for extrahepatic metastasis included BCLC stage B–C, microvascular invasion (MVI), vessels encapsulating tumour clusters (VETC)‐HCC, K19 and FAP expression, and CD163+ macrophage infiltration (cohort 1, P < .05 for all). Lung metastases (n = 63) had the highest proportion of VETC‐HCC and macrotrabecular‐massive (MTM)‐HCC. Lymph node metastases (n = 19) showed significantly high rates of EMT‐high features, K19 expression, fibrous tumour stroma with αSMA and FAP expression, high immune cell infiltration, PD‐L1 expression (combined positive score), CD3+, CD8+, Foxp3+ T cell and CD163+ macrophage infiltration (adjusted P < .05 for all). In both cohorts, EMT‐high HCCs showed higher rates of K19 expression, fibrous tumour stroma, high immune cell infiltration, PD‐L1 expression and CD3+ T cell infiltration, whereas EMT‐low HCCs were more frequent among VETC‐HCCs (P < .05 for all). Overall phenotypic features were not significantly different between paired primary‐metastatic HCCs (n = 32).ConclusionsMetastatic HCCs to various organs showed different pathological features. VETC and MTM subtypes were related to lung metastasis, whereas K19 expression, EMT‐high features with fibrous tumour stroma and high immune cell infiltration were related to lymph node metastasis.
The gut microbiota and its products: Establishing causal relationships with obesity related outcomes
Authors: Li Lili , Zhang Yubing , Speakman John Roger , Hu Shanliang , Song Yipeng , Qin Song 
Published: September 2021

SummaryGut microorganisms not only participate in the metabolism of carbohydrate, lipids, protein, and polypeptides in the intestine but also directly affect the metabolic phenotypes of the host. Although many studies have described the apparent effects of gut microbiota on human health, the development of metagenomics and culturomics in the past decade has generated a large amount of evidence suggesting a causal relationship between gut microbiota and obesity. The interaction between the gut microbiota and host is realized by microbial metabolites with multiple biological functions. We concentrated here on several representative beneficial species connected with obesity as well as the mechanisms, with particular emphasis on microbiota‐dependent metabolites. Finally, we consider the potential clinical significance of these relationships to fuel the conception and realization of novel therapeutic and preventive strategies.
Traditional health‐related practices of Russian‐speaking immigrants
Authors: Amburg Polina , Lindgren Teri , Ivanov Luba Louise 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe population of foreign‐born residents continues to grow in the United States. One of the largest growing groups of immigrants is the population of Russian‐speakers moving from the countries of the former Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics (Soviet Union/USSR). Like many other immigrants, Russian speakers present with various health concerns. Empirical literature indicates a gap in research that addresses culturally based beliefs and behaviors related to health in this group of immigrants. A qualitative ethnographic study that addresses the health‐related practices of Russian‐speaking immigrants was conducted on the East Coast of the United States. Twenty‐eight participants, ages 36–86, were interviewed, along with participant observation and analysis of documents. Data analysis revealed three related categories: perception of health, perception of illness, and health‐related practices. Perceptions of health were influenced by families and defined roles within the family. Perceptions of illness were outlined by approaches to disease management and remedies to illness. Subsequently, the health‐related practices of Russian‐speaking immigrants were molded by perceptions of health and illness. Further research is recommended to examine specific health‐related practices of Russian‐speaking immigrants in the United States and to explore more diverse groups within this aggregate.
Quickly locating POIs in large datasets from descriptions based on improved address matching and compact qualitative representations
Authors: Cheng Ruozhen , Liao Jiaxin , Chen Jing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLocating points of interest (POIs) from descriptions can support intelligent location‐based services. Available research achieves it through address matching and spatial reasoning. However, semantic characteristics and spatial proximities of address fields are usually neglected in address matching; current applications of spatial reasoning represent qualitative spatial relations in semantic networks for efficient queries, but they do not yet scale to large datasets for qualitative direction reasoning due to massive qualitative direction relations between objects; moreover, spatial reasoning on various quantitative distances should be optimized. This study proposes a method that improves the accuracy of address matching by combining multiple similarities and enables quick spatial reasoning through the faster relation retrieval of compact qualitative direction representations implemented on global equal latitude and longitude grids (ELLGs) and the ELLG‐based quantitative calculations. The proposed method has been verified by two real‐world datasets and proven to be efficient and accurate when locating POIs in large POI datasets from descriptions.
The in vitro quality of X‐irradiated platelet components in PAS‐E is equivalent to gamma‐irradiated components
Authors: Johnson Lacey , Vekariya Shuchna , Wood Ben , Costa Marylia , Waters Lauren , Green Sarah , Marks Denese C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlood components are irradiated to inactivate lymphocytes in an effort to prevent transfusion‐associated graft versus host disease. Although gamma irradiators are commonly used, they are subjected to rigorous health, safety, and compliance regulations, compared with X‐irradiators which have the advantage of only emitting radiation while the machine is switched on. While the effects of gamma irradiation on platelet components are well known, there is little or no data comparing the effects of X‐ and gamma‐irradiation on the quality of these components. Therefore, this study examined the in vitro quality of platelet components (pooled and apheresis) following X‐ or gamma‐irradiation.Study design and methodsWhole‐blood‐derived (pooled) and apheresis platelet components in platelet additive solution (n = 20 pairs for each type) were irradiated (X vs. gamma). In vitro platelet quality was tested prior to irradiation (day 1) and subsequently on days 2, 5, and 7. Non‐irradiated components were tested on day 5 in parallel as reference controls. Metabolic parameters, surface expression of glycoproteins and activation markers (CD62P and annexin‐V binding), and agonist‐induced aggregation were measured.ResultsAll components met Council of Europe specifications. There were no statistical differences in any in vitro quality measurements between X‐ and gamma‐irradiated pooled or apheresis platelet components.ConclusionX‐ and gamma‐irradiation have similar effects on the in vitro quality of stored blood components, indicating that either technology represents a suitable option for irradiation of platelet components.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network Framework for Diagnostics of Planetary Gearboxes Under Dynamic Loading With Feature-Level Data Fusion
Authors: Gecgel Ozhan , Ekwaro-Osire Stephen , Gulbulak Utku , Morais Tobias Souza 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Planetary gearboxes are susceptible to premature failures due to cyclic random loadings and extreme operating conditions. Fault diagnostics strategies are crucial to increase operational safety and reduce economic costs. This led to the research question is: Can a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) with data fusion improve diagnostics of a planetary gearbox using simulated data? To answer this question, a DCNN framework was proposed to diagnose planetary gearbox with crack using simulated time and the frequency response. A finite element model was developed to generate a time-varying mesh stiffness response for gear tooth meshing at different crack levels. The mesh stiffness was expanded in terms of the Fourier series to generate values at any rotational speed and time interval. The generated mesh stiffness response was used on a dynamic model to generate the time and frequency response of the system. An additional data set was generated using feature-level data fusion. The two datasets were fed to the DCNN model to diagnose the crack faults and results were compared. It was shown that the feature-level data fusion method is very robust in diagnosing crack faults with good accuracy rates even with the presence of a high level of noise.
Liver dysfunction in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: prevalence, characteristics and prognostic significance, a retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Luo Cijun , Wu Wenhui , Wu Changwei , Qiu Hongling , Yuan Ping , Jiang Rong , Zhao Qinhua , Gong Sugang , Zhang Rui , Li Jinling , He Jing , Liu Jinming , Wang Lan 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThe aim was to elucidate the relationship between liver function and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH).Design and settingRetrospective, longitudinal study in urban tertiary care centre in Shanghai, China.Participants407 IPAH consecutive incident patients age 18–65 years were retrospectively enrolled from January 2008 to December 2018.Outcome measurementsThe primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The cut-off value was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), which was validated by Cox proportional hazard model was internally validated by bootstrap analysis and used for survival analysis. The Cox model was (internally) validated and cross-validated areas under the curve (AUC) should be reported.ResultsThe prevalence of abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) at baseline was 77.6%. Hyperbilirubinaemia is the most common abnormal biochemical liver test: abnormal total bilirubin (TBIL in 51.6% patients). During the follow-up, 160 patients died. Patients with mixed liver dysfunction have worse prognosis than those with normal LFTs or isolated abnormal bilirubin metabolism. Comparing with patients with hepatocellular injury, the survival of patients with abnormal bilirubin metabolism is lower. Multivariable Cox models revealed a positive association between TBIL, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and mortality showing that each Ig increment in TBIL and GGT was associated with a higher all-cause mortality (TBIL: HR 4. 29 (95% CI 1. 21 to 15. 27), p=0. 02; GGT: HR 2. 76 (95% CI 1. 18 to 6. 45), p=0. 02). A novel formula named Liver Function Predict Index (LFPI) was constructed (LFPI=−0.002*6MWD+1.014*lg GGT+1.458*lg TBIL) to predict prognosis. ROC curve analysis did further identify 2.729 as the best cut-off value for LFPI (AUC 0.75, p<0.001, sensitivity 79%, specificity 70%).ConclusionsLiver dysfunction is frequent in IPAH, and characterised by a predominantly cholestatic enzyme profile. LFTs abnormalities are associated with worse survival and LFPI was a new and simple predictor for prognosis of IPAH.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the caregiver contribution to self-care of chronic illness inventory in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Dan Dan , Zhang Hui , Cui Nianqi , Tang Leiwen , Shao Jing , Wang Xiyi , Wang Dan , Liu Na , Ye Zhihong 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveCaregiver contribution (CC) is important for the self-care behaviors of chronic disease individuals, as it could enhance patient outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to assess this CC by using a good validity and reliability instrument. The Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care Chronic Illness Inventory (CC-SC-CII) was designed to assess CC to self-care behaviors of patients with chronic illness in Italy. However, it was unclear whether this tool had sound psychometrics properties in the context of Chinese culture. Therefore, we performed the cross-cultural adaption of the CC-SC-CII and we tested its psychometric properties among Chinese caregivers of patients with chronic disease.DesignA cross-sectional observational design.SettingsParticipants were recruited from communities and institutions in Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China.Participants301 caregivers of care recipients with chronic disease completed the Chinese version of the CC-SC-CII (C-CC-SC-CII).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe content validity index of items (I-CVI), the scale content validity index-average (S-CVI/Ave), exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency and item analysis were tested.ResultsThe range of I-CVI was between 0.833 and 1.00, and the score of S-CVI was 0.991. In CFA, the C-CC to self-care monitoring scale had satisfactory fit indices. However, the C-CC to self-care maintenance and management scales had unsupported fit indices. The reliability coefficients of C-CC-SC-CII were 0.792, 0.880 and 0.870 for its three scales. Item-total correlations were all over 0.590. Test–retest reliability showed that the range of intraclass correlation coefficients was from 0.728 to 0.783.ConclusionThe C-CC-SC-CII has sound psychometrics characteristics and is a culturally appropriate and reliable instrument for assessing CC to the self-care behaviours of patients with chronic disease in China.
Patient satisfaction in China: a national survey of inpatients and outpatients
Authors: Liang Huigang , Xue Yajiong , Zhang Zhi-ruo 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesPatient satisfaction is an important indicator of hospital healthcare quality. Little up-to-date information of patient satisfaction in China is available. This study attempts to gain a holistic understanding of patient satisfaction in China and identify the key antecedents of patient satisfaction.DesignA cross-sectional national survey was conducted in 2018.SettingHospitals in 27 provinces and 4 municipalities in 4 regions of China.ParticipantsA random sample of 15 699 patients who visited 1304 hospitals were surveyed, with around 500 from each of the 27 provinces and 4 municipalities.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems questionnaire was used to measure patients’ overall satisfaction and willingness to recommend the hospital.ResultsWe found significant variation in overall patient satisfaction but little variation in hospital recommendation across the four broad regions. Moreover, we examined determinants of patient satisfaction and their likelihood to recommend the hospital. The overall satisfaction for inpatients and outpatients is commonly influenced by communication with doctors (inpatient: β=0.524, p<0.001; outpatient: β=0.541, p<0.001), hospital cleanness (inpatient: β=0.165, p<0.05; outpatient: β=0.144, p<0.001) and acceptable charges (inpatient: β=1.481, p<0.001; outpatient: β=1.045, p<0.001). Both inpatients and outpatients are more likely to recommend the hospital if there are communication with doctors (inpatient: OR=1.743, p<0.001; outpatient: OR=1.647, p<0.001), acceptable charges (inpatient: OR=2.660, p<0.001; outpatient: OR=2.433, p<0.001). Outpatient satisfaction and hospital recommendation are also influenced by time spent with doctors (satisfaction: β=0.301, p<0.001; recommend: OR=1.430, p<0.001) and waiting time (satisfaction: β=−0.318, p<0.001; recommend: OR=0.844, p<0.001).ConclusionsThere are regional differences of patient satisfaction in China. Patient satisfaction is influenced by a variety of hospital factors and province/municipality factors. The influencing factors of patient satisfaction may not motivate patients to recommend the hospital.
Protocol for conducting scoping reviews to map implementation strategies in different care settings: focusing on evidence-based interventions for preselected phenomena in people with dementia
Authors: Manietta Christina , Quasdorf Tina , Rommerskirch-Manietta Mike , Braunwarth Jana Isabelle , Purwins Daniel , Roes Martina 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionVarious evidence-based interventions are available to improve the care of people with dementia in different care settings, many of which are not or are only partially implemented in routine care. Different implementation strategies have been developed to support the implementation of interventions in routine care; however, the implementation of complex interventions remains challenging. The aim of our reviews is to identify promising strategies for, significant facilitators of and barriers to the implementation of evidence-based interventions for very common dementia care phenomena: (A) behaviour that challenges supporting a person with dementia in long-term care, (B) delirium in acute care and (C) the postacute care needs of people with dementia.Methods and analysisWe will conduct one scoping review for each preselected dementia care phenomenon (A, B and C). For this, three literature searches will be carried out in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO) and PsycINFO (via EBSCO). Additionally, we will perform backward and forward citation tracking via reference lists and Google Scholar. Identified records will be independently screened by two reviewers (title/abstract and full text) using the defined inclusion criteria. We will include all study designs and publications in the German or English language. For the data analyses, we will conduct a deductive content analysis using two different analytical approaches: Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.Ethics and disseminationDue to the nature of a review, ethical clearing is not required. We will disseminate our results in peer-reviewed journals, workshops with stakeholders, and (inter)national conferences.