bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood purification with a cytokine adsorber for the elimination of myoglobin in critically ill patients with severe rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Scharf Christina , Liebchen Uwe , Paal Michael , Irlbeck Michael , Zoller Michael , Schroeder Ines 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Rhabdomyolysis is frequently occurring in critically ill patients, resulting in a high risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and potentially permanent kidney damage due to increased myoglobin levels. The extracorporeal elimination of myoglobin might be an approach to prevent AKI, but its molecular weight of 17 kDa complicates an elimination with conventional dialysis membranes. Question of interest is, if myoglobin can be successfully eliminated with the cytokine adsorber Cytosorb® (CS) integrated in a high-flux dialysis system.

Methods
Patients were included between 10/2014 and 05/2020 in the study population if they had an anuric renal failure with the need of renal replacement therapy, if CS therapy was longer than 90 min and if myoglobin level was > 5.000 ng/ml before treatment. The measurement times of the laboratory values were: d-1 = 24–36 h before CS, d0 = shortly before starting CS and d1 = 12–24 h after starting CS treatment. Statistical analysis were performed with Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon test with associated samples and linear regression analysis.

Results
Forty-three patients were included in the evaluation (median age: 56 years, 77% male patients, 32.6% ECMO therapy, median SAPS II: 80 points and in-hospital mortality: 67%). There was a significant equilateral correlation between creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin at all measurement points. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction of myoglobin (p = 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): − 9030, − 908 ng/ml) during CS treatment, with a median relative reduction of 29%. A higher median reduction of 38% was seen in patients without ongoing rhabdomyolysis (CK decreased during CS treatment, n = 21). In contrast, myoglobin levels did not relevantly change in patients with increasing CK and therefore ongoing rhabdomyolysis (n = 22, median relative reduction 4%). Moreover, there was no significant difference in myoglobin elimination in patients with and without ECMO therapy.

Conclusion
Blood purification with Cytosorb® during high-flux dialysis led to a significant reduction of myoglobin in patients with severe rhabdomyolysis. The effect might be obscured by sustained rhabdomyolysis, which was seen in patients with rising CK during treatment. Prospective clinical trials would be useful in investigating its benefits in avoiding permanent kidney damage.
Effects of controlled hypotension with restrictive transfusion on intraoperative blood loss and systemic oxygen metabolism in elderly patients who underwent lumbar fusion
Authors: Qiu Xiaodong , Tan Zhiying , Tang Wenhao , Ye Hui , Lu Xinjian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The effects of restrictive fluid therapy combined with controlled hypotension in the elderly on systemic oxygen metabolism and renal function are clinical concerns. The aim of this study was to evaluate blood loss, oxygen metabolism, and renal function in different levels of controlled hypotension induced by intravenous nitroglycerin, in combination with limited infusion, in elderly patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion.

Methods
A total of 40 patients, aged 60–75 with ASA grade II or III, who were planned for posterior lumbar fusion were randomly allocated into two groups: experimental group [target mean arterial pressure 65 mmHg (MAP 65) or control group (MAP 75)]. Indicators for blood loss, hemodynamic, systemic oxygen metabolism, and renal function evaluation index were recorded before operation (T0), 1 h after induced hypotension (T1), 2 h after hypotension (T2), and in recovery (T3). We compared changes in these parameters between groups to evaluate the combined effects of controlled hypotension with restrictive infusion.

Results
CI, DO2I, and VO2I were lower in both groups at T1–T3 compared with T0 (p < 0.05). DO2I and VO2I in the MAP 65 group were lower than the MAP 75 group after operation. In both groups, SCysC increased at T1, T2, and T3 (p < 0.05) compared with T0.

Conclusions
Restrictive transfusion and control MAP at 65 mmHg can slightly change in renal function and reduce the risk of insufficient oxygen supply and importantly have no significant effect on blood loss and postoperative complications.

Trial registration
ChiCTR-INR-16008153. Registered on 25 March 2016.
Histological, radiological, and clinical outcomes of sinus floor elevation using a lateral approach for pre-/post-extraction of the severely compromised maxillary molars: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yue Zhaoguo , Liu Qi , Zhang Haidong , Yang Jingwen , Hou Jianxia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe volume of residual alveolar bone is critical to the survival of dental implants. When the volume of alveolar bone in the posterior maxillary region is less than 4 mm, maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) with the lateral approach is an effective option. Traditionally, this standard approach is usually conducted at 4–6 months after tooth extraction (standard MSFE). However, defective dentition due to extraction can impair mastication during the period of bone remodeling, especially if the molars on both sides are severely compromised and must be extracted. MSFE before extraction (modified MSFE) can take full advantage of residual tooth strength. However, the effectiveness and practicability of the modified MSFE procedure remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of modified vs. standard MSFE, in order to provide references to periodontists.Methods/designThe study cohort included 25 adult patients (50 surgery sites) recruited from Peking University Hospital and School of Stomatology who met the inclusion criteria. The two sides of each patient will be randomly divided into two groups: a test group-modified MSFE or a control group-standard MSFE. The surgical duration and patient-reported outcomes (visual analog scale for discomfort) will be documented. Clinical indicators, including implant survival rates, mucosal conditions, and complications, will be recorded every 6 months during the 5-year follow-up period. The volume of the alveolar bone and marginal bone level will be assessed radiographically (cone-beam CT and periapical films) every 6 months. Histological analysis of biopsy samples retrieved from both sides will be performed to evaluate the biological features of the bone.DiscussionThe current study will explore the implant survival rates, safety, reliability, effectiveness, and practicability of the modified MSFE procedure. Moreover, the extent of osteogenesis on the sinus floor will also be assessed. The results of this trial will provide strategies for the modified MSFE procedure to achieve ideal clinical outcomes.Trial registrationInternational Clinical Trials Registry PlatformChiCTR1900020648. Registered on 1 January 2019
A pictorial review of the utility of CEUS in thoracic biopsies
Authors: Yusuf Gibran T. , Fang Cheng , Tran Sa , Rao Deepak , Bartlett-Pestell Sam , Stefanidis Konstantinos , Huang Dean Y. , Sidhu Paul S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLung cancer is one of the commonest malignancies worldwide and necessitates both early and personalised treatment. A key requirement is histological sampling with immunohistochemistry obtained usually from percutaneous biopsy. Conventionally thoracic biopsies are performed using CT guidance, but more recently, there has been development of physician led ultrasound biopsy for pleural lesions. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been increasingly used in interventional procedures and is able to offer benefits for thoracic biopsies including improving lesional visualisation and characterisation, targeting viable tissue and avoiding critical vascular structures as well as evaluating for the presence of post-procedural complications. This educational review aims to benefits of the role of CEUS in thoracic biopsies.
Severe heat stroke complicated by multiple cerebral infarctions: a case report
Authors: Kamidani Ryo , Okada Hideshi , Kitagawa Yuichiro , Kusuzawa Keigo , Ichihashi Masahiro , Kakino Yoshinori , Oiwa Hideaki , Yasuda Ryu , Fukuta Tetsuya , Yoshiyama Naomasa , Miyake Takahito , Okamoto Haruka , Suzuki Kodai , Yamada Noriaki , Doi Tomoaki , Yoshida Takahiro , Ushikoshi Hiroaki , Kumada Keisuke , Yoshida Shozo , Ogura Shinji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Heat-related illnesses include symptoms such as heat syncope/cramps, heat exhaustion, and life-threatening heat stroke. Usually, a heat stroke causes cerebellar ataxia, cognitive impairment, dysphagia, and aphasia. We report a very rare case of a patient who developed severe heat stroke complicated by multiple cerebral infarctions.

Case presentation
An 80-year-old Asian woman was found lying unconscious at her house, with no air conditioner and closed windows; the highest outside temperature was 36.1 °C. She was brought to our hospital unconscious with a high bladder temperature (42.5 °C) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC score 4). She was diagnosed with severe heat stroke and managed with rapid cooling, intravenous fluids therapy, antibiotic therapy, and anti-coagulation therapy for DIC. Anti-coagulation therapy consisted of treatment with recombinant thrombomodulin for 4 days (days 1–4) and recombinant antithrombin for 1 day (day 1). A head computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination were performed on day 3, because she was still unconscious. Diffuse-weighted imaging showed high-signal intensities, indicating multiple lesions. An intracranial magnetic resonance angiography showed normal results. Imaging indicated new multiple cerebellar infarctions complicated with DIC. A tracheotomy was performed on day 9 because her conscious condition had not improved. She was transferred to another hospital for subacute care on day 23.

Conclusions
Early management of heat stroke using anti-DIC, anti-bacterial, and fluid resuscitation therapy can help prevent complications such as intracranial hemorrhaging.
Audio source separation by activity probability detection with maximum correlation and simplex geometry
Authors: Laufer-Goldshtein Bracha , Talmon Ronen , Gannot Sharon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTwo novel methods for speaker separation of multi-microphone recordings that can also detect speakers with infrequent activity are presented. The proposed methods are based on a statistical model of the probability of activity of the speakers across time. Each method takes a different approach for estimating the activity probabilities. The first method is derived using a linear programming (LP) problem for maximizing the correlation function between different time frames. It is shown that the obtained maxima correspond to frames which contain a single active speaker. Accordingly, we propose an algorithm for successive identification of frames dominated by each speaker. The second method aggregates the correlation values associated with each frame in a correlation vector. We show that these correlation vectors lie in a simplex with vertices that correspond to frames dominated by one of the speakers. In this method, we utilize convex geometry tools to sequentially detect the simplex vertices. The correlation functions associated with single-speaker frames, which are detected by either of the two proposed methods, are used for recovering the activity probabilities. A spatial mask is estimated based on the recovered probabilities and is utilized for separation and enhancement by means of both spatial and spectral processing. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods in various conditions on real-life recordings with different reverberation and noise levels, outperforming a state-of-the-art separation method.
On a degenerate parabolic equation with Newtonian fluid∼non-Newtonian fluid mixed type
Authors: Weng Sujun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the existence of weak solutions to a Newtonian fluid∼non-Newtonian fluid mixed-type equation $$ {u_{t}}= \operatorname{div} \bigl(b(x,t){ \bigl\vert {\nabla A(u)} \bigr\vert ^{p(x) - 2}}\nabla A(u)+\alpha (x,t)\nabla A(u) \bigr)+f(u,x,t). $$

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Potato extract inhibits lipase activity and ameliorates gut microbiome dysbiosis and weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Katimbwa Dorsilla Anono , Ma Jinsung , Kim Chang-Kil , Hahn Dongyup , Lim Jinkyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCurtailing the absorption of triglycerides (TGs) is a preferred pathway for treating obesity. Our previous study demonstrated that the water-soluble fraction from potato could inhibit the lipase activity of patatin, one of the major proteins in potato. This aqueous fraction was purified and concentrated by deproteination and reversed-phase chromatography to investigate the effectiveness against obesity. Biochemical analyses indicated that the fraction non-competitively inhibited pancreatic lipase (PLase) with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 10.17 µg/mL, and was named as potato-derived lipase inhibitory fraction (PI). Animal studies on C57BL/6 mice showed that in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), PI treatment resulted in reductions in body weight gain, adipose fat deposition, and liver TGs, and ameliorated the gut microbiome dysbiosis caused by HFD feeding; meanwhile, orlistat, a well-known lipase inhibitor, diverged the gut microbiome profile in mice fed a HFD. High resolution electronspray ionization-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry identified gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and protocatechuic acid, which are known to have lipase inhibitory activities, in PI. However, these compounds could not reconstitute comparable specific inhibitory activity of PI inferring the existence of another inhibitory compound(s) to be identified in PI.
The Effect of Consuming Carbohydrate With and Without Protein on the Rate of Muscle Glycogen Re-synthesis During Short-Term Post-exercise Recovery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Craven Jonathan , Desbrow Ben , Sabapathy Surendran , Bellinger Phillip , McCartney Danielle , Irwin Christopher 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Rapid restoration of muscle glycogen stores is imperative for athletes undertaking consecutive strenuous exercise sessions with limited recovery time (e.g. ≤ 8 h). Strategies to optimise muscle glycogen re-synthesis in this situation are essential. This two-part systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of consuming carbohydrate (CHO) with and without protein (PRO) on the rate of muscle glycogen re-synthesis during short-term post-exercise recovery (≤ 8 h).

Methods
Studies were identified via the online databases Web of Science and Scopus. Investigations that measured muscle glycogen via needle biopsy during recovery (with the first measurement taken ≤ 30 min post-exercise and at least one additional measure taken ≤ 8 h post-exercise) following a standardised exercise bout (any type) under the following control vs. intervention conditions were included in the meta-analysis: part 1, water (or non-nutrient beverage) vs. CHO, and part 2, CHO vs. CHO+PRO. Publications were examined for methodological quality using the Rosendal scale. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were conducted to evaluate intervention efficacy.

Results
Overall, 29 trials (n = 246 participants) derived from 21 publications were included in this review. The quality assessment yielded a Rosendal score of 61 ± 8% (mean ± standard deviation). Part 1: 10 trials (n = 86) were reviewed. Ingesting CHO during recovery (1.02 ± 0.4 g·kg body mass (BM)−1 h−1) improved the rate of muscle glycogen re-synthesis compared with water; change in muscle glycogen (MGΔ) re-synthesis rate = 23.5 mmol·kg dm−1 h−1, 95% CI 19.0–27.9, p < 0.001; I2 = 66.8%. A significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.44, p = 0.027) was observed between interval of CHO administration (≤ hourly vs. > hourly) and the mean difference in rate of re-synthesis between treatments. Part 2: 19 trials (n = 160) were reviewed. Ingesting CHO+PRO (CHO: 0.86 ± 0.2 g·kg BM−1 h−1; PRO: 0.27 ± 0.1 g·kg BM−1 h−1) did not improve the rate of muscle glycogen re-synthesis compared to CHO alone (0.95 ± 0.3 g·kg BM−1 h−1); MGΔ re-synthesis rate = 0.4 mmol·kg  dm−1 h−1, 95% CI −2.7 to 3.4, p = 0.805; I2 = 56.4%.

Conclusions
Athletes with limited time for recovery between consecutive exercise sessions should prioritise regular intake of CHO, while co-ingesting PRO with CHO appears unlikely to enhance (or impede) the rate of muscle glycogen re-synthesis.

Trial Registration
Registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (identification code CRD42020156841).
The effects of boar on susceptibility to swine inflammation and necrosis syndrome in piglets
Authors: Kuehling Josef , Eisenhofer Kathrin , Lechner Mirjam , Becker Sabrina , Willems Hermann , Reiner Gerald 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInflammation and necrosis can appear in pigs in several parts of the body simultaneously. The signs can affect newborns, suckling piglets and older pigs, and recent studies suggest that the syndrome is primarily endogenous. Inflammation and necrosis indicate impaired animal welfare, and thus should be controlled in pig production. This can be achieved by improving husbandry conditions. However, the variation in signs also appears to have a genetic component. The aim of the present study was therefore to test the effects of different boars from the Duroc and Pietrain breeds on the prevalence of swine inflammation and necrosis syndrome in their offspring. For this purpose, 646 suckling pigs from 39 sows (two herds) and 19 boars were made available. On the third day of life, the piglets were examined for clinical signs of inflammation and necrosis at tail base, tail tip, ears, face, teats, navel and claws. For the evaluation, we included the boar within the breed and the breed as fixed effects and the sow within the herd as random effects. More than 70% of the piglets were affected at the tail base, ears, coronary bands and heels. Bristle loss, swelling, redness, venous congestion and claw wall bleeding occurred most frequently. Exudation and necrosis affected fewer piglets. None of the piglets was completely free from signs of SINS. Offspring from Duroc boars had significantly lower SINS scores (4.87 ± 0.44) than offspring from Pietrain boars (10.13 ± 0.12). Within the Pietrain breed, significant effects of the boar were observed on inflammation and necrosis levels. Under the present study conditions, using Duroc boars instead of Pietrain boars resulted in a 59% reduction in the SINS scores of their offspring. The SINS score in the offspring of the most favourable Pietrain boar was almost 40% lower than that of offspring in the least favourable. These findings confirm considerable genetic effects on the outcome of SINS under a given husbandry. Further studies are necessary to characterise the genetic effects in detail and to make them useful to combat the syndrome.
Genomic variability of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae within pig lung lobes
Authors: Tonni Matteo , Boniotti M. Beatrice , Gasparrini Sara , Guarneri Flavia , Formenti Nicoletta , Pieters Maria , Pasquali Paolo , Alborali Giovanni L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Genotypic variability in M. hyopneumoniae has been reported within and among herds. However, information regarding VNTR types within single lung lobes is lacking. The objective of his study was to analyse M. hyopneumoniae infections and their association with VNTR types and lung lesions at the lobe level. Lungs from 300 pigs from 10 farms experiencing an enzootic pneumonia outbreak were collected and scored. M. hyopneumoniae was detected by real-time PCR and genotyped by MLVA assay in all samples.

Results
The results showed genotypic variability within single pigs and among lung lobes. At the lobe level, infection with one VNTR type (SN infection) was dominant. Lobes with lesion scores > 0 were associated with positive results for real-time PCR. At the lobe level, no relationship was observed between infections with more than one genotype (MX infections) and the proportion of Mycoplasma-like lesions. Lesion-free lobes presented a higher proportion of MX infections than lobes scored > 0. M. hyopneumoniae was detected more frequently in the right lobe of the lung (p < 0.05), with a similar distribution within lobes for SN and MX infections. The anatomic conformation of swine lungs led to a higher prevalence of infections in the right lobe. However, this study showed that this condition did not affect the distribution of infections with multiple VNTR types. Nevertheless, careful consideration of sample selection should be practised for M. hyopneumoniae genotype analyses, including lung lobes with no visible lesions.

Conclusion
The results did not show a significant association between the number of detected genotypes and the severity of the lesions at the lung lobe level, but revealed the unexpected detection of M. hyopneumoniae genotypes in lesion-free lobes. These results imply that a representative sampling of all lobes may lead to an accurate identification of the VNTR-type distribution. Further studies including factors that can affect pathogenetic evolution of this bacterium could shed light on the complexity of the relationship between genotypes and the lung lesions magnitude.
Translation and cultural adaptation of IPOS (integrated palliative care outcome scale) in Estonia
Authors: Laissaar Merli , Hallik Riina , Sillaste Pille , Ragun Ulvi , Pärn Mari-Leen , Suija Kaiu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are questionnaires that could be used in palliative care (PC) to evaluate patient well-being and monitor their care. PROMs enable a focus on what is important to patients by putting the patient at the center of care. Adapting an existing PROM requires considering cultural differences, general usability and understandability of translated terms.

Aim
To translate and culturally adapt both the patient and staff three and seven day versions of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS) into Estonian. The IPOS consist of 10 questions (staff versions 9 questions) and 17 close ended items. The sub aim is to describe the differences and discrepancies found during the adaptation process and compare the results with previous research.

Methods
The translation and adaptation process of IPOS was conducted using recommended guidelines consisting of six phases and included cognitive interviews with patients (n = 11) and palliative care multidisciplinary team members (n = 8). The study was conducted in two major Estonian hospitals.

Results
The Estonian IPOS demonstrated face and content validity, acceptance by patients and staff. As a result of expert group review and cognitive interviews with patients and staff, 9 semantic changes were implemented.

Conclusions
Patient and staff versions of the IPOS with a recall of 3 or 7 days were translated and culturally adapted for Estonia. The Estonian IPOS four versions are ready for use in Estonia.