bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PR008: Armed Myxoma virus demonstrates therapeutic activity in pre-clinical xenograft models
Authors: Torres-Dominguez Lino E. , Franco Lina S. , Abrantes Mario , Walker Benjamin S. , Tacner Zachary , Kien Cassandra , Waters Anna K. , McFadden Grant , Potts Steven J. , Sharp Leslie L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Oncolytic Viruses (OV) selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells and provide stimulation to the immune system. This represents a promising therapeutic option for cancer patients that do not respond well to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a member of the Poxviridae family of double stranded DNA viruses. The natural host of MYXV is a subset of lagomorphs, but MYXV is able to infect cancer cell lines of humans and other species. The genome of MYXV is relatively large and is amenable to engineering for expression of transgenic proteins making it an excellent oncolytic virus for introduction of immunomodulatory proteins. The current work describes the oncolytic activity, transgene production capability, and in vivo activity of armed myxoma viruses in human cancer models.
This abstract is also being presented as PO090.
Citation Format: Lino E. Torres-Dominguez, Lina S. Franco, Mario Abrantes, Benjamin S. Walker, Zachary Tacner, Cassandra Kien, Anna K. Waters, Grant McFadden, Steven J. Potts, Leslie L. Sharp. Armed Myxoma virus demonstrates therapeutic activity in pre-clinical xenograft models [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR008.
The Ordination Prayers in the So-Called Apostolic Tradition
Authors: Bradshaw Paul F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The anonymous church order formerly identified as the Apostolic Tradition and attributed to Hippolytus is now regarded by many scholars as a composite work made up of layers of redaction from around the mid-second to mid-fourth centuries. This essay revises the unsatisfactory attempt to discern such strata in its ordination prayers that was made by Eric Segelberg as long ago as 1975, and argues that their earliest forms are among the oldest material in the so-called Apostolic Tradition, belonging to the first half of the second century.
Who Should Do What for the Wild Animals We Abandoned?
Authors: Fischer Bob 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
When COVID-19 struck, tourists stopped visiting sites where they formally fed animals. As a result, the animals went hungry, with some starving to death. I argue, however, that this doesn’t show that it’s wrong to create such dependency: had we been willing to intervene on behalf of wild animals, there wouldn’t have been any moral issue. Moreover, I argue that we can identify the individuals who most plausibly have some responsibilities to help animals in crisis situations – namely, those who are bound up in caring relationships with those animals. At the same time, though, I don’t think it’s obvious how they should help, and I think there is a serious case to be made for not distinguishing between wild and domestic animals in this context. Given that, euthanization becomes an option that needs to be taken seriously.
Dynamics of East Asian Spring Rainband and Spring–Autumn Contrast: Environmental Forcings of Large-Scale Circulation
Authors: Wang Shi-Xin , Zuo Hong-Chao , Sun Fen , Wu Li-Yang , Yin Yixing , Luo Jing-Jia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDynamics of the East Asian spring rainband are investigated with a reanalysis dataset and station observations. Here, it is revealed that the rainband is anchored by external forcings. The midtropospheric jet core stays quasi-stationary around Japan. It has two branches in its entry region, which originate from the south and north flanks of the Tibetan Plateau and then run northeastward and southeastward, respectively. The southern branch advects warm air from the Tibetan–Hengduan Plateau northeastward, forming a rainband over southern China through causing adiabatic ascent motion and triggering diabatic feedback. The rainband is much stronger in spring than in autumn due to the stronger diabatic heating over the Tibetan–Hengduan Plateau, a more southward-displaced midtropospheric jet, and the resulting stronger warm advection over southern China. The northern jet branch forms a zonally elongated cold advection belt, which reaches a maximum around northern China, and then weakens and extends eastward to east of Japan. The westerly jet also steers strong disturbance activities roughly collocated with the cold advection belt via baroclinic instability. The high disturbance activities belt causes large cumulative warm advection (CWA) through drastically increasing extremely warm advection days on its eastern and south flanks, where weak cold advection prevails. CWA is more essential for monthly/seasonally rainfall than conventionally used time-average temperature advection because it is shown that strengthened warm advection can increase rainfall through positive diabatic feedback, while cold advection cannot cause negative rainfall. Thus, the rainband is collocated with the large CWA belt instead of the warm advection south of it. This rainband is jointed to the rainband over southern China, forming the long southwest–northeast-oriented East Asian spring rainband. Increasing moisture slightly displaces the rainband southeastward.
Influence of female cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile on male courtship behavior in two hybridizing field crickets Gryllus firmus and Gryllus pennsylvanicus
Authors: Heggeseth Brianna , Sim Danielle , Partida Laura , Maroja Luana S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe hybridizing field crickets,Gryllus firmusandGryllus pennsylvanicushave several barriers that prevent gene flow between species. The behavioral pre-zygotic mating barrier, where males court conspecifics more intensely than heterospecifics, is important because by acting earlier in the life cycle it has the potential to prevent a larger fraction of hybridization. The mechanism behind such male mate preference is unknown. Here we investigate if the female cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile could be the signal behind male courtship.ResultsWhile males of the two species display nearly identical CHC profiles, females have different, albeit overlapping profiles and some females (between 15 and 45%) of both species display a male-like profile distinct from profiles of typical females. We classified CHC females profile into three categories:G. firmus-like (F; including mainlyG. firmusfemales),G. pennsylvanicus-like (P; including mainlyG. pennsylvanicusfemales), and male-like (ML; including females of both species).Gryllus firmusmales courted ML and F females more often and faster than they courted P females (p < 0.05).Gryllus pennsylvanicusmales were slower to court thanG. firmusmales, but courted ML females more often (p < 0.05) than their own conspecific P females (no difference between P and F). Both males courted heterospecific ML females more often than other heterospecific females (p < 0.05, significant only forG. firmusmales).ConclusionsOur results suggest that male mate preference is at least partially informed by female CHC profile and that ML females elicit high courtship behavior in both species. Since ML females exist in both species and are preferred over other heterospecific females, it is likely that this female type is responsible for most hybrid offspring production.
Effects of low versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum on renal syndecan-1 shedding and VEGF receptor-2 expression in living-donor nephrectomy: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Aditianingsih Dita , Mochtar Chaidir Arif , Lydia Aida , Siregar Nuryati Chairani , Margyaningsih Nur Ita , Madjid Amir Sjarifuddin , Suwarto Suhendro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a preferred technique for living kidney donation. However, positive-pressure pneumoperitoneum may have an unfavorable effect on the remaining kidney and other distant organs due to inflamed vascular endothelium and renal tubular cell injury in response to increased systemic inflammation. Early detection of vascular endothelial and renal tubular response is needed to prevent further kidney injury due to increased intraabdominal pressure induced by pneumoperitoneum. Transperitoneal laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy represented a human model of mild increasing intraabdominal pressure. This study aimed to assess the effect of increased intraabdominal pressure on vascular endothelium and renal tubular cells by comparing the effects of low and standard pressure pneumoperitoneum on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) expression and the shedding of syndecan-1 as the early markers to a systemic inflammation.

Methods
We conducted a prospective randomized study on 44 patients undergoing laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Subjects were assigned to standard (12 mmHg) or low pressure (8 mmHg) groups. Baseline, intraoperative, and postoperative plasma interleukin-6, syndecan-1, and sVEGFR-2 were quantified by ELISA. Syndecan-1 and VEGFR-2 expression were assessed immunohistochemically in renal cortex tissue. Renal tubule and peritubular capillary ultrastructures were examined using electron microscopy. Perioperative hemodynamic changes, end-tidal CO2, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary KIM-1 were recorded.

Results
The low pressure group showed lower intra- and postoperative heart rate, intraoperative plasma IL-6, sVEGFR-2 levels and plasma syndecan-1 than standard pressure group. Proximal tubule syndecan-1 expression was higher in the low pressure group. Proximal-distal tubules and peritubular capillary endothelium VEGFR-2 expression were lower in low pressure group. The low pressure group showed renal tubule and peritubular capillary ultrastructure with intact cell membranes, clear cell boundaries, and intact brush borders, while standard pressure group showed swollen nuclei, tenuous cell membrane, distant boundaries, vacuolizations, and detached brush borders.

Conclusion
The low pressure pneumoperitoneum attenuated the inflammatory response and resulted in reduction of syndecan-1 shedding and VEGFR-2 expression as the renal tubular and vascular endothelial proinflammatory markers to injury due to a systemic inflammation in laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT:03219398, prospectively registered on July 17th, 2017.
Frequency of the requirement of inappropriate uncuffed tracheal tube size for pediatric patients: a retrospective observational analysis
Authors: Hanamoto Hiroshi , Nakagawa Hikaru , Niwa Hitoshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The insertion of inappropriately sized uncuffed endotracheal tubes (ETTs) with a tight seal or presence of air leakage may be necessary in children. This study aimed to analyze the frequency of the requirement of inappropriately sized uncuffed ETT insertion, air leakage after the ETT was replaced with one of a larger size, and factors associated with air leakage after ETT replacement.

Methods
Patients under 2 years of age who underwent oral surgery under general anesthesia with uncuffed ETTs between December 2013 and May 2015 were enrolled. The ETT size was selected at the discretion of the attending anesthesiologists. A leak test was performed after intubation. The ETT was replaced when considered necessary. Data regarding the leak pressure (PLeak) and inspiratory and expiratory tidal volumes were extracted from anesthesia records. We considered a PLeak of 10 < PLeak ≤ 30 cmH2O to be appropriate. The frequencies of the requirement of inappropriately sized ETTs, absence of leakage after ETT replacement, ETT size difference, and leak rate were calculated. A logistic regression was performed, with PLeak, leak rate, and size difference included as explanatory variables and presence of leakage after replacement as the outcome variable.

Results
Out of the 156 patients enrolled, 109 underwent ETT replacement, with the requirement of inappropriately sized ETTs being observed in 25 patients (23%). ETT replacement was performed in patients with PLeak ≤ 10 cmH2O; leakage was absent after replacement (PLeak < 30 cmH2O) in 52% of patients (25/48). In the multivariate logistic model, the leak rate before ETT replacement was significantly associated with the presence of leakage after replacement (p = 0.021).

Conclusions
Inappropriately sized ETTs were inserted in approximately 23% of the patients. The leak rate may be useful to guide ETT replacement.
The prevalence, reasons and attitudes for the practice of informal medicine
Authors: Amran Menashe Meni , Kopit Avital Bilitzky , Kranc Hannan Ariel , Peleg Roni 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Informal medicine, entailing undocumented medical advice, has been described in diverse medical disciplines and geographical regions. We assessed the current prevalence and characteristics of informal medical consulting, the reasons physicians provide it, and their attitudes toward it.

Methods
We conducted a survey among family physicians in Israel, a country with a national health insurance system. A questionnaire was emailed to all primary care physicians in the two largest HMOs in southern Israel. Fifteen questions addressed the prevalence, practice and attitudes to informal medical consulting. Ten questions assessed demographics and professional experience.

Results
Of 143 respondents (mean age 41 years), 55% were women. Ninety-five percent of the respondents reported requesting informal medical consulting from other physicians. Fifty-four percent reported often providing informal consulting to family and friends; and an additional 27% reported doing so under exceptional circumstances. The main reasons given for informal consulting requests were availability and accessibility (81% of respondents), and not financial savings. Only 17.5% stated being in favor of informal consulting for family and friends. Only 11% expressed feeling satisfaction after providing such consultation; 49% expressed discomfort. Sixty-six percent thought a position paper on informal consulting to family and friends is needed.

Conclusions
Our survey of primary care physicians shows very frequent informal medical consulting, despite high dissatisfaction with such, and an interest in receiving guidelines on this practice.
Characteristics and prognostic factors of COVID-19 among infected cases: a nationwide Tunisian analysis
Authors: Harizi Chahida , Cherif Ines , Najar Nourhene , Osman Molka , Mallekh Rym , Ayed Oumaima Ben , Ayedi Yosr , Dhaouadi Sonia , Hchaichi Aicha , Safer Mouna , Letaief Hejer , Bouaziz Ilhem , Derouiche Sondes , Gharbi Donia , Bouabid Leila , Bougatef Souha , Ben Salah Hamida , Fakhfakh Radhouane , Abid Salma , Ben Boubaker Ilhem Boutiba , Chahed Mohamed Kouni , Ben-Alaya Nissaf Bouafif 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to constitute an international public health concern. Few data are available on the duration and prognostic factors of the disease. We aimed to study the recovery time among a Tunisian cohort of COVID-19 confirmed patients and identify the prognostic factors.

Methods
A retrospective, nationwide study was conducted from March 2 to May 8, 2020, recruiting all patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19, by RT-PCR methods, in Tunisia. Data were collected via phone call interview. Kaplan-Meir Methods and Cox proportional hazards regression models were, respectively, used to study the recovery time and estimate its prognostic factors.

Results
One thousand and thirty patients with COVID-19 (aged 43.2 ± 18.2 years, 526 female (51.1%)) were enrolled. Among them 141 (14.8%) were healthcare professionals. Out of 173 patients (17.8%) admitted to the hospital, 47 were admitted in an intensive care unit. Among 827 patients who didn’t require specialized care, 55.5% were self-isolated at home, while the rest were in specialized centers. Six hundred and two patients were symptomatic. A total of 634 (61.6%) patients have recovered and 45 (4.4%) patients died. The median duration of illness was estimated to be 31 days (95% CI: [29–32]). Older age (HR = 0.66, CI:[0.46–0.96], P = 0.031) and symptoms (HR = 0.61, CI:[0.43–0.81], P = 0.021) were independently associated with a delay in recovery time. Being a healthcare professional (HR = 1.52, CI: [1.10–2.08], P = 0.011) and patients in home isolation compared to isolation centers (HR = 2.99, CI: [1.85–4.83], P < 10¯3) were independently associated with faster recovery time.

Conclusion
The duration of illness was estimated to be 1 month. However, this long estimated duration of illness may not equate to infectiousness. A particular attention must to be paid to elderly and symptomatic patients with closer monitoring.
An isolated ruptured spinal aneurysm presents with a thalamic Infarct: case report
Authors: Tenorio Alexander , Holmes Brandon B. , Abla Adib A. , Amans Matthew , Meisel Karl 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Isolated spinal artery aneurysms are extremely rare, and their pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment strategies are poorly established. We report only the second case of a patient with an isolated posterior spinal aneurysm and concurrent left thalamic infarct and review the literature to help clarify treatment strategies of isolated spinal aneurysms.

Case presentation
A 49-year-old patient presented with acute onset walking difficulty followed by diaphoresis, back and abdominal pain, and paraplegia. Imaging was notable for a hemorrhagic spinal lesion with compression at T12 through L4 and an acute left thalamic infarct. Surgical exploration revealed an isolated posterior spinal artery aneurysm. The aneurysm was surgically resected and the patient had partial recovery six months post-operatively.

Conclusions
Isolated posterior spinal artery aneurysms of the thoracolumbar region are rare lesions that commonly present with abdominal pain, radiating back pain, and lower extremity weakness. Imaging may not provide a definitive diagnosis. The three primary treatment strategies are conservative management, endovascular treatment, or surgical resection. In patients with symptomatic cord compression, immediate surgical intervention is indicated to preserve neurologic function. In all other cases, the artery size, distal flow, morphology, and location may guide management.
Microarray analysis reveals an inflammatory transcriptomic signature in peripheral blood for sciatica
Authors: Wang Yi , Dai Guogang , Jiang Ling , Liao Shichuan , Xia Jiao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the pathology of sciatica has been studied extensively, the transcriptional changes in the peripheral blood caused by sciatica have not been characterized. This study aimed to characterize the peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for sciatica.MethodsWe used a microarray to identify differentially expressed genes in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica compared with that of healthy controls, performed a functional analysis to reveal the peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for sciatica, and conducted a network analysis to identify key genes that contribute to the observed transcriptional changes. The expression levels of these key genes were assessed by qRT-PCR.ResultsWe found that 153 genes were differentially expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica compared with that of healthy controls, and 131 and 22 of these were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. A functional analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were strongly enriched for the inflammatory response or immunity. The network analysis revealed that a group of genes, most of which are related to the inflammatory response, played a key role in the dysregulation of these DEGs. These key genes are Toll-like receptor 4, matrix metallopeptidase 9, myeloperoxidase, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, resistin and Toll-like receptor 5, and a qRT-PCR analysis validated the higher transcript levels of these key genes in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica than in that of healthy controls.ConclusionWe revealed inflammatory characteristics that serve as a peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for sciatica and identified genes that are essential for mRNA dysregulation in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica.
Comprehensive analysis of genomic mutation signature and tumor mutation burden for prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Qi , Fu Jialu , Jin Zhechuan , Su Jingbo , Zhang Jian , Chen Chen , Geng Zhimin , Zhang Dong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly lethal malignancy of the biliary tract. Analysis of somatic mutational profiling can reveal new prognostic markers and actionable treatment targets. In this study, we explored the utility of genomic mutation signature and tumor mutation burden (TMB) in predicting prognosis in iCCA patients.

Methods
Whole-exome sequencing and corresponding clinical data were collected from the ICGC portal and cBioPortal database to detect the prognostic mutated genes and determine TMB values. To identify the hub prognostic mutant signature, we used Cox regression and Lasso feature selection. Mutation-related signature (MRS) was constructed using multivariate Cox regression. The predictive performances of MRS and TMB were assessed using Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). We performed a functional enrichment pathway analysis using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for mutated genes. Based on the MRS, TMB, and the TNM stage, a nomogram was constructed to visualize prognosis in iCCA patients.

Results
The mutation landscape illustrated distributions of mutation frequencies and types in iCCA, and generated a list of most frequently mutated genes (such as Tp53, KRAS, ARID1A, and IDH1). Thirty-two mutated genes associated with overall survival (OS) were identified in iCCA patients. We obtained a six-gene signature using the Lasso and Cox method. AUCs for the MRS in the prediction of 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 0.759, 0.732, and 0.728, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant difference in prognosis for patients with iCCA having a high and low MRS score (P < 0.001). GSEA was used to show that several signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K-AKT, and proteoglycan, were involved in cancer. Conversely, survival analysis indicated that TMB was significantly associated with prognosis. GSEA indicated that samples with high MRS or TMB also showed an upregulated expression of pathways involved in tumor signaling and the immune response. Finally, the predictive nomogram (that included MRS, TMB, and the TNM stage) demonstrated satisfactory performance in predicting survival in patients with iCCA.

Conclusions
Mutation-related signature and TMB were associated with prognosis in patients with iCCA. Our study provides a valuable prognostic predictor for determining outcomes in patients with iCCA.