bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Rifampicin Resistance Tuberculosis on Gene Xpert among Patients Attending Federal Medical Centre Yenagoa, Bayelsa State Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Olorode Oluwayemisi A. , Ogba Ofonime M. , Tarilade Joshua J. 
Published: January 2021

Aim: Department of Medical Laboratory Science (Medical Microbiology Section), Niger Delta University. Tuberculosis, being an oldest known human disease, is a major cause of mortality. Does gender determine Rifampicin Resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis among the patients with tuberculosis in Bayelsa State? This work was carried out between February, 2019 and September 2019 to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its resistance to Rifampicin anti-mycobacterium therapy among patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Yenogoa, Bayelsa State.
Methodology: A total of 250 sputum samples were collected from both HIV and non-HIV patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Mycobacteriology Laboratory (a referral laboratory in Bayelsa state); (age range 21-71 years) and immediately taken to the laboratory for analysis using GeneXpert machine, an automated cartridge based nucleic acid amplification diagnosis and traditional Ziehl-Neelsen test for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance gene.
Results: Findings showed that 50(100%) sputum samples (of which 24(48%) were from males and 26(52%) from females) out of the 250 samples examined were positive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Based on the GeneXpert analysis, the total of 8(16%); {4(8%) females and 4(8%) males}, samples were resistant to Rifampicin. Out of 50(100%) positive samples, the highest percentage prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was recorded within the age range of 21 and 30 years (52%); followed by 31-40 years (44%) and the least was 71 years (04%). The percentage prevalence of Rifampicin resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RMB) was 16.0% while non-resistance was 84.0%; resistance was higher among the study subjects within the age range of between 21 and 30 years (6%) followed by 31-40 years (4%); 51-60 years (4.0%) and the least was 10-20 years and 70 years above(2%). There is no significant difference between the tuberculosis infected male and female resistance to rifampicin at P value= .88, t=14, df=4. However, out of 50 (100%) positive samples, 24 (48%) patients had HIV co-infection with tuberculosis while 26(52%) had tuberculosis only. There was no statistical significant difference between these two groups at P=.29, t=1.2 and df=4.
Conclusion: There is a progressive increase in the frequency of Rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RrMTB) in this research compared to the percentage prevalence (4%) reported by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018. There is therefore a need to establish more medical diagnostic laboratories for rapid detection of tuberculosis infection in all the eight (8) Local Government Areas of Bayelsa state.
Identification of Acute Giant Cell Arteritis in Real‐World Data Using Administrative Claims‐Based Algorithms
Authors: Lee Hemin , Tedeschi Sara K. , Chen Sarah K. , Monach Paul A. , Kim Erin , Liu Jun , Pethoe‐Schramm Attila , Yau Vincent , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to validate claims‐based algorithms for identifying acute giant cell arteritis (GCA) that will help generate real‐world evidence on comparative effectiveness research and epidemiologic studies. Among patients identified by the GCA algorithm, we further investigated whether GCA flares could be detected by using claims data.MethodsWe developed five claims‐based algorithms based on a combination of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) diagnosis codes, specialist visits, and dispensed medications using Medicare Parts A, B, and D linked to electronic medical records (2006‐2014). Acute cases of GCA were determined by chart review using the treating physician’s diagnosis of GCA as the gold standard. Among the patients identified with acute GCA, we assessed if a GCA flare occurred during the year after initial diagnosis.ResultsThe number of patients identified by each algorithm ranged from 220 to 896. Positive predictive values (PPVs) of the algorithms ranged from 60.7% to 84.8%. Requirement for disease‐specific workups, multiple diagnosis codes, or specialist visits improved the PPVs. The highest PPV (84.8%) was noted in an algorithm that required two or more diagnosis codes of GCA from inpatient, emergency department, or outpatient rheumatology visits plus a prednisone‐equivalent dose greater than or equal to 40 mg/day occurring 14 days before or after the second ICD‐9 diagnosis date, with the cumulative days’ supply greater than or equal to 14 days. Among patients identified as having GCA, 18.2% of patients had definite evidence of a flare and 25% had a potential flare.ConclusionA claims‐based algorithm requiring two or more ICD‐9 diagnosis codes from inpatient, emergency department, or outpatient rheumatology visits and high‐dose glucocorticoid dispensing can be a useful tool to identify acute GCA cases in large administrative claims databases.
Combination of Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation with Selective Oxygenation of Organic Substrates using Manganese Borophosphates
Authors: Menezes Prashanth W. , Walter Carsten , Chakraborty Biswarup , Hausmann Jan Niklas , Zaharieva Ivelina , Frick Achidi , von Hauff Elizabeth , Dau Holger , Driess Matthias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne of the key catalytic reactions for life on earth, the oxidation of water to molecular oxygen, occurs in the oxygen‐evolving complex of the photosystem II (PSII) mediated by a manganese‐containing cluster. Considerable efforts in this research area embrace the development of efficient artificial manganese‐based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Using artificial OER catalysts for selective oxygenation of organic substrates to produce value‐added chemicals is a worthwhile objective. However, unsatisfying catalytic performance and poor stability have been a fundamental bottleneck in the field of artificial PSII analogs. Herein, for the first time, a manganese‐based anode material is developed and paired up for combining electrocatalytic water oxidation and selective oxygenations of organics delivering the highest efficiency reported to date. This can be achieved by employing helical manganese borophosphates, representing a new class of materials. The uniquely high catalytic activity and durability (over 5 months) of the latter precursors in alkaline media are attributed to its unexpected surface transformation into an amorphous MnOx phase with a birnessite‐like short‐range order and surface‐stabilized MnIII sites under extended electrical bias, as unequivocally demonstrated by a combination of in situ Raman and quasi in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy as well as ex situ methods.
Hierarchical SAPO‐34 Preparation Based on the Crystal Metastability in Mother Liquor Solution
Authors: Han Ji , Yang Guoju , Zou Yongcun , Chen Xiaoxin , Valtchev Valentin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFabrication of hierarchical porosity in microporous zeolites is a key to overcoming the inherent mass‐transfer limitation and to improving the molecular accessibility to the active sites. The present study reports a facile and cost‐effective etching strategy based on crystal metastability to construct a hierarchical SAPO‐34 (CHA‐type) zeolite. The hierarchical SAPO‐34 with high crystallinity is obtained conveniently via an extended hydrothermal treatment without using any additional chemicals. The crystal etching is triggered by the metastability of SAPO‐34 in the mother liquor. The hierarchical characteristics of etched SAPO‐34 are found dependent on the crystallization‐dissolution process controlled by the synthesis temperature and time. The products are systematically investigated by complementary characterization methods providing information on the textural properties and chemical environments of framework atoms. The resultant hierarchical zeolites exhibit improved diffusion and accessibility to the active sites in the micropores. Consequentially, the hierarchical SAPO‐34 zeolite shows remarkably enhanced catalytic performance in the methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) reaction, compared with its microporous counterpart. The present approach to hierarchical zeolites can be extended to tailor the properties of other zeo‐types.
Direct Carboxylation with Carbon Dioxide via Cooperative Photoredox and Transition‐Metal Dual Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Cheng Yihan , Beller Matthias , Chen Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe utilization of carbon dioxide as a building block in organic synthesis has become a highly sought‐after research area. In this minireview, an overview of recent advances on carboxylations using carbon dioxide via visible light photoredox and transition‐metal dual catalysis is given. The merging of these methods provides new avenues to construct carboxylates.magnified image
Individual SWCNT Transistor with Photosensitive Planar Junction Induced by Two‐Photon Oxidation
Authors: Emelianov Aleksei V. , Nekrasov Nikita P. , Moskotin Maksim V. , Fedorov Georgy E. , Otero Nerea , Romero Pablo M. , Nevolin Vladimir K. , Afinogenov Boris I. , Nasibulin Albert G. , Bobrinetskiy Ivan I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe fabrication of planar junctions in carbon nanomaterials is a promising way to increase the optical sensitivity of optoelectronic nanometer‐scale devices in photonic connections, sensors, and photovoltaics. Utilizing a unique lithography approach based on direct femtosecond laser processing, a fast and easy technique for modification of single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) optoelectronic properties through localized two‐photon oxidation is developed. It results in a novel approach of quasimetallic to semiconducting nanotube conversion so that metal/semiconductor planar junction is formed via local laser patterning. The fabricated planar junction in the field‐effect transistors based on individual SWCNT drastically increases the photoresponse of such devices. The broadband photoresponsivity of the two‐photon oxidized structures reaches the value of 2 × 107 A W−1 per single SWCNT at 1 V bias voltage. The SWCNT‐based transistors with induced metal/semiconductor planar junction can be applied to detect extremely small light intensities with high spatial resolution in photovoltaics, integrated circuits, and telecommunication applications.
High‐Performance Ultrapure Green CdSe/CdS Core/Crown Nanoplatelet Light‐Emitting Diodes by Suppressing Nonradiative Energy Transfer
Authors: Wen Zuoliang , Liu Pai , Ma Jingrui , Jia Siqi , Xiao Xiangtian , Ding Shihao , Tang Haodong , Yang Hongcheng , Zhang Chaojian , Qu Xiangwei , Xu Bing , Wang Kai , Teo Kie Leong , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractColloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) are an emerging semiconductor nanocrystal in the display community due to their ultranarrow emission linewidth. Herein, an ultrapure green emitting nanocrystal light‐emitting diode (LED) based on four‐monolayer CdSe/CdS core/crown NPLs is developed. By applying the nonstacked nanoplates, the nonradiative energy transfer in the NPLs film is successfully suppressed. The nonstacked NPL‐LEDs with pure green emission of 521.5 nm exhibit a low turn‐on voltage of 2.1 V, a maximum luminance of 22 400 cd m−2, a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.16%, which is a sixfold enhancement comparing to the stacked NPL‐LED (EQE = 0.34%). This work demonstrates the potential of core/crown NPLs for ultrawide color gamut displays.
Irreversible Multi‐Band Effects and Lifshitz Transitions at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface Under Field Effect
Authors: Pallecchi Ilaria , Lorenzini Nicolò , Safeen Mian Akif , Can Musa Mutlu , Di Gennaro Emiliano , Granozio Fabio Miletto , Marré Daniele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, the irreversible effects of an applied electric field on the magnetotransport properties of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 conducting interfaces are investigated, with focus on their multiband character. Samples of different types, namely with either crystalline or amorphous LaAlO3 overlayer, are studied. The two‐band analysis highlights the similarity of the electronic properties of crystalline and amorphous interfaces, regardless much different carrier densities and mobilities. Furthermore, filling and depletion of the two bands follow very similar patterns, at least in qualitative terms, in the two types of samples. In agreement with previous works on crystalline interfaces, it is observed that an irreversible charge depletion takes place after application of a first positive back gate voltage step. Such charge depletion affects much more, in relative terms, the higher and three‐dimensional dyz, dzx bands than the lower and bidimensional dxy, driving the system through the Lifshitz transition from two‐band to single band behavior. The quantitative analysis of experimental data evidences the roles of disorder, apparent in the depletion regime, and temperature. Noteworthy, filling and depletion of the two bands follow very similar patterns in crystalline and amorphous samples, at least in qualitative terms, regardless much different carrier densities and mobilities.
Self‐Powered High‐Detectivity Lateral MoS2 Schottky Photodetectors for Near‐Infrared Operation
Authors: Mao Yichen , Xu Pengpeng , Wu Qiang , Xiong Jun , Peng Renmiao , Huang Wei , Chen Songyan , Wu Zhengyun , Li Cheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been widely investigated for possible application in field‐effect transistors and optoelectronic devices. However, due to the wide band gap of most TMDs, photoresponse to infrared wavelength is still a big challenge. Here, a lateral molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)‐on‐metal Schottky photodetector operating in internal photoemission mode for near‐infrared wavelength with high responsivity is reported. With moderate Schottky barrier height, a low dark current of 0.12 nA at −0.5 V and a remarkable rectification ratio of 103 at ±0.8 V are realized in the MoS2‐on‐Au Schottky photodetector. The maximum responsivity of 1.9 A W−1 at −1 V is achieved at 1310 nm due to the photoemission from the underlayering Au electrode, which absorbs most of the incident light through the transparent MoS2 layers, and the generated photocurrent gain in MoS2 layers. Furthermore, the MoS2 Schottky photodetectors are self‐powered. The high responsivity of 0.68 A W−1 and the excellent specific detectivity of 1.89 × 1012 Jones at 1310 nm are obtained under 0 V. The excellent performance demonstrates that internal photoemission mechanism can be well applied in 2D material Schottky photodetectors for infrared wavelengths.
Healable Cellulose Iontronic Hydrogel Stickers for Sustainable Electronics on Paper
Authors: Cunha Inês , Martins Jorge , Gaspar Diana , Bahubalindruni Pydi Ganga , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Pereira Luís 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNovel nature‐based engineered functional materials combined with sustainable and economically efficient processes are among the great challenges for the future of mankind. In this context, this work presents a new generation of versatile flexible and highly conformable regenerated cellulose hydrogel electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and self‐healing ability, capable of being (re)used in electrical and electrochemical devices. They can be provided in the form of stickers and easily applied as gate dielectric onto flexible indium–gallium–zinc oxide transistors, decreasing the manufacturing complexity. Flexible and low‐voltage (<2.5 V) circuits can be handwritten on‐demand on paper transistors for patterning of conductive/resistive lines. This user‐friendly and simplified manufacturing approach holds potential for fast production of low‐cost, portable, disposable/recyclable, and low‐power ion‐controlled electronics on paper, making it attractive for application in sensors and concepts such as the “Internet‐on‐Things.”
Organic carbon is mostly stored in deep soil and only affected by land use in its superficial layers: A case study
Authors: Rolando Jose L. , Dubeux José C. B. , Souza Toni C. de , Mackowiak Cheryl , Wright David , George Sheeja , Pires Tatiana , Santos Erick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSoils are the largest terrestrial C pool on Earth. However, most studies only investigated soil organic carbon (SOC) storage on surface soils layers. This has resulted in lack of knowledge on SOC dynamics in deep soil layers despite the fact that they contain a significant portion of the stored organic C. This study assessed how contrasting land uses and agronomic practices affect SOC stocks up to a 5‐m depth, and investigated superficial SOC concentration, and particle and density fractionation in a case study in the U.S. Southeastern Plains. On average, deep (90–500 cm) SOC accounted for 80% of total organic C across the investigated land‐use systems. A close relation between SOC concentration and Mehlich‐3 extractable Al and Fe concentration in deep soil samples suggested that non‐crystalline metals play a key role stabilizing deep SOC in this system. Land use had a significant effect only on superficial SOC concentration, and light, heavy, and mineral associated organic C within micro and macroaggregates. Soils from native vegetation, and non‐irrigated sod‐based rotation plots showed greater concentrations of SOC in almost all assessed micro and macroaggregates fractions, whereas those from the conventional crop rotation and irrigated sod‐based rotation plots showed lower SOC concentration in all assessed fractions.
Promoting farmers market via information nudges and coupons: A randomized control trial
Authors: Didero Nicole , Costanigro Marco , Jablonski Becca B. R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFarmers markets, an important direct‐to‐consumer market, have shown signs of declining sales since 2007. This trend has raised concern about their future viability, inciting stakeholders to consider new marketing and development approaches. Unfortunately, the literature on these approaches is largely qualitative, with little empirical or experimental evidence assessing impact or effectiveness. We present results from a randomized control trial measuring the efficacy of an informational nudge—a mailed coupon—in attracting new customers to a winter farmers market in Northern Colorado. Previous research identified perceived lack of product assortment at farmers markets as a major barrier to consumer attendance; accordingly, half of the coupons in our experiment emphasized the wide range of products sold at the market, while the control coupons presented general market information. We mailed 6000 physical coupons redeemable for $10 to randomly selected households in Fort Collins, Colorado, during the 2017–2018 market season. One hundred and eleven coupons were redeemed (1.85%), of which 58 were treatment and 53 control. While the coupon was somewhat effective at attracting new customers (36% had never attended the winter farmers market), there were no statistically significant differences in redemption rates between treatment and control. We thus find that the information nudge was not enough to influence the decision to attend the winter farmers market. EconLit citations: Q13, Q18.
COVID‐19 as an occupational disease
Authors: Carlsten Christopher , Gulati Mridu , Hines Stella , Rose Cecile , Scott Kenneth , Tarlo Susan M. , Torén Kjell , Sood Akshay , de la Hoz Rafael E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 permeates all aspects of society worldwide. Initial medical reports and media coverage have increased awareness of the risk imposed on healthcare workers in particular, during this pandemic. However, the health implications of COVID‐19 for the global workforce are multifaceted and complex, warranting careful reflection and consideration to mitigate the adverse effects on workers worldwide. Accordingly, our review offers a framework for considering this topic, highlighting key issues, with the aim to prompt and inform action, including research, to minimize the occupational hazards imposed by this ongoing challenge. We address respiratory disease as a primary concern, while recognizing the multisystem spectrum of COVID‐19‐related disease and how clinical aspects are interwoven with broader socioeconomic forces.
Caffeine poisoning successfully treated by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and emergency hemodialysis
Authors: Yasuda Shinichi , Hisamura Masaki , Hirano Takahisa , Kukihara Yuriko , Kodama Keita , Konishi Kazuki , Nakamura Motohiro , Hiramatsu Gentaro , Koshimizu Kenji 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundCaffeine overdose can cause life‐threatening circulatory failure, neurological abnormalities, and ventricular fibrillation. We report the case of a patient with caffeine poisoning who was successfully treated with early hemodialysis and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Case PresentationA 43‐year‐old man who had ingested pills containing 20 g caffeine was transported to the hospital 100 min after ingestion. Hemodynamic collapse and refractory arrhythmia were most likely the potential complications. The patient developed ventricular fibrillation when placed in the left lateral decubitus position. Return of spontaneous circulation with defibrillation and introduction of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were followed by emergency dialysis, which led to rapid improvement in the clinical findings.ConclusionAcute caffeine poisoning in a patient who developed an arrhythmia was successfully treated using an indwelling arterial and venous sheath followed by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Blatter‐Radical‐Grafted Mesoporous Silica as Prospective Nanoplatform for Spin Manipulation at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Poryvaev Artem S. , Gjuzi Eva , Polyukhov Daniil M. , Hoffmann Frank , Fröba Michael , Fedin Matvey V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQuantum computing and quantum information processing (QC/QIP) crucially depend on the availability of suitable quantum bits (qubits) and methods of their manipulation. Most qubit candidates known to date are not applicable at ambient conditions. Herein, we propose radical‐grafted mesoporous silica as a versatile and prospective nanoplatform for spin‐based QC/QIP. Extremely stable Blatter‐type organic radicals are used, whose electron spin decoherence time is profoundly long even at room temperature (up to Tm≈2.3 μs), thus allowing efficient spin manipulation by microwave pulses. The mesoporous structure of such composites is nuclear‐spin free and provides additional opportunities of embedding guest molecules into the channels. Robustness and tunability of these materials promotes them as highly promising nanoplatforms for future QC/QIP developments.
Silber‐katalysierte Hydroarylierung von hochsubstituierten Styrolen
Authors: Dalton Toryn , Greßies Steffen , Das Mowpriya , Niehues Maximilian , Schrader Malte L. , Gutheil Christian , Ravoo Bart Jan , Glorius Frank 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDie Hydroarylierung ist eine effektive Strategie, um die Komplexität von organischen Strukturen schnell zu erhöhen, indem flache Alkeneinheiten in dreidimensionale Gerüste umgewandelt werden. Viele Strategien wurden bereits entwickelt, um die Hydroarylierung von Styrolen zu ermöglichen. Die meisten dieser Arbeiten untersuchen jedoch die Hydroarylierung von unpolaren, β‐mono‐ oder β‐unsubstituierten Styrolen und verwenden dabei hauptsächlich elektronenreiche Benzol‐Nukleophile. Hier berichten wir über ein mildes und allgemeines katalytisches System für die selektive Hydroheteroarylierung von mehrfach substituierten Styrolen und heteroaromatischen Styrolen. Die mechanistische Analyse der Reaktion führte zur Entdeckung des kommerziell erhältlichen 2,2′:5′,2′′‐Terthiophens als Schlüsselreagenz.