bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐Time Update Algorithm of Optical Fiber Distribution Network Equipment Based on Optical Imaging Technology
Authors: Shen Jian , Tong Guofeng , Yang Yang , Li Yong , Lou Peng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the increasing digitalization of distribution network equipment (DNE), real‐time update algorithms for digital twin (DT) models have become a research focus on the digitalization of DNE. However, traditional real‐time update algorithms for DT models still have problems such as poor real‐time, accuracy, robustness, and scalability. To better promote the development of digitalization of DNE, this article aimed to study the real‐time update algorithm of DT models using the Internet of Things (IoT) and optical imaging technology, to achieve real‐time updates of DT models of DNE. The article first described the problems existing in the traditional DT model of DNE. Then, IoT sensors and optical devices were used to collect data related to DNE; the Savitzky–Golay filtering algorithm was used to denoise the data. This article combined the IoT and optical imaging technology to construct a DT model; using the recursive least squares method again, key parameters and state parameters were extracted from the constructed DT mechanism model, achieving real‐time updates of the DNE DT model. Finally, to verify the application effect of the IoT and optical imaging technology in real‐time update algorithms for DT models of DNE, this article compared them with traditional parameter sensitivity analysis and state estimation. The research results showed that in the real‐time and accuracy testing of test case 13, the algorithm used in this article had a time of 0.014 s and an accuracy of 93.2%. The parameter sensitivity analysis method had a time of 0.045 s and an accuracy of 80.4%. The state estimation method took 0.056 s and had an accuracy of 82.7%. In addition, the robustness and scalability of the real‐time update algorithm for the DNE DT model using the method proposed in this article were significantly better than the other two traditional methods. The results showed that the real‐time update algorithm of the DT model of DNE based on the IoT and optical imaging technology had better real‐time performance, higher accuracy, and better robustness and scalability. This study highlights the significant impact of the IoT and optical imaging technology on the accuracy, robustness, and real‐time performance of real‐time update algorithms for DT models. This provides more solutions for real‐time monitoring, prediction, and control of DNE.
Preparation of High‐Heat‐Resistant Silicone Hollow Particles
Authors: Nishi Hyota , Ishidate Shintaro , Amasaki Ryuta , Nakamoto Reina , Katsube Shinya , Suzuki Nozomu , Suzuki Toyoko , Minami Hideto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSingle hollow particles are used in various fields, particularly in thermal insulation materials, owing to their low thermal conductivity attributed to encapsulated air properties. “The self‐assembling phase separated polymer (SaPSeP) method” is an original hollowing method that is proposed by this laboratory 25 years ago. Most hollow particles prepared by the SaPSeP method have carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen polymer shells, which lack sufficient heat resistance. In this study, hollow particles with a silicone shell, which is highly heat‐resistant, are prepared using the SaPSeP method using a trimer of 3‐methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane (MPDS). The MPDS trimer (3MPDS) is synthesized through the sol–gel reaction of MPDS with a basic aqueous solution. Additionally, hollow particles are prepared using a new silicone oligomer composed of MPDS and dimethoxymethylvinylsilane (DMVS). Both hollow particles prepared from 3MPDS and from a new silicone oligomer composed of MPDS and DMVS showed high heat resistance. They maintained their hollow structure even when exposed to temperatures up to 900 °C.
Optimized MR pulse sequence for high‐resolution brain 3D‐T1ρ mapping with weighted spin‐lock acquisitions
Authors: Zibetti Marcelo V. W. , Menon Rajiv , De Moura Hector L. , Keerthivasan Mahesh B. , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo implement and evaluate the feasibility of brain spin–lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρ) mapping using a novel optimized pulse sequence that incorporates weighted spin‐lock acquisitions, enabling high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) mapping.MethodsThe optimized variable flip‐angle framework, previously proposed for knee T1ρ mapping, was enhanced by integrating weighted spin‐lock acquisitions. This strategic combination significantly boosts signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) while reducing data acquisition time, facilitating high‐resolution 3D‐T1ρ mapping of the brain. The proposed sequence was compared with magnetization‐prepared angle‐modulated partitioned k‐space spoiled gradient‐echo sequence snapshots (MAPSS).ResultsThe newly developed pulse sequence, tested for brain 3D‐T1ρ mapping for the first time, obtained maps in 4 min with quality comparable to a 20‐min MAPSS sequence. Specifically, the voxel‐wise median absolute percentage difference between these MR sequences at a resolution of 0.9 × 0.9 × 3 mm3 is 13.1%. If high resolution is desired, with a voxel size of 0.5 × 0.5 × 3 mm3, the new sequence can acquire T1ρ maps in 8 min, surpassing a 20‐min (and resolution of 0.9 × 0.9 × 3 mm3) MAPSS in SNR. The weighted spin‐lock acquisition combined with optimized variable flip angle improved the SNR over optimized variable flip angle alone by about 28%.ConclusionCompared with the 20‐min MAPSS sequence for brain T1ρ mapping, the proposed learned high‐resolution 3D pulse sequence simultaneously achieved a 2.3‐fold improvement in effective (3.2‐fold nominal) spatial resolution, a 1.1‐fold improvement in SNR, and a 2.5‐fold reduction in scan time.
Assessing Pakistan's Textile Exports Under Trade Agreements
Authors: Masood Amjad , Ahmed Junaid , Bakhsh Khuda 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTextiles serve as the export engine of Pakistan's economy, constituting roughly 60% of its total exports. Despite this prominence, Pakistan's global share in textile exports has consistently declined. In light of this, this study explores the potential impact of free trade agreements (FTAs) on fostering textile exports. The study applied a structural gravity model with the Poisson pseudo‐maximum likelihood (PPML) estimator to analyze annual exports for the period 2002–2021. Findings exhibit a positive and statistically significant effect of FTAs on textile exports, with varied impacts compared to major competitors. Moreover, we categorized textile products at the HS four‐digit level based on their value addition. Pakistan's FTAs facilitate the export of low‐ and medium‐value‐added textile products to Malaysia and South Asian countries, while exports of high‐value‐added products benefit from FTAs with China and Sri Lanka. The Pakistan–China FTA, in particular, stands out as highly effective. Regarding the European Union’s Generalized System of Preferences (EU‐GSP+), which is designed to leverage trade benefits, findings reveal a significant impact on textile exports across various value‐added categories. Overall, the lack of policy support for high‐value‐added exports contributes to the sector being mired in a low‐value‐added export trap.
Synthesis of ABCBA‐Type Pentablock Copolymers via Sequential Ring‐Opening, Free Radical, and Photoinduced Free‐Radical‐Promoted Cationic Polymerization Methods
Authors: Degirmenci Mustafa , Arslan Ulku , Abdulrahman Sevin , Habib Rohat , Uyar Zafer 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study reports the synthesis and characterization of ABCBA‐type pentablock copolymers comprising poly(cyclohexene oxide) (PCHO) as the A block, poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) or poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) as the B block, and polystyrene (PSt) as the C block. The target pentablock copolymers, PCHO‐PCL‐PSt‐PCL‐PCHO and PCHO‐PLLA‐PSt‐PLLA‐PCHO, were synthesized through a sequential combination of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), free radical polymerization (FRP), and, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, photoinduced free‐radical‐promoted cationic polymerization (FRPCP) in pentablock copolymer synthesis. In the initial ROP step, well‐defined Bz‐PCL and Bz‐PLLA macrophotoinitiators were synthesized with photoactive benzoin (Bz) end groups. Next, Bz‐PCL and Bz‐PLLA were converted to the macro‐azo initiators, Bz‐PCL‐NN‐PCL‐Bz and Bz‐PLLA‐NN‐PLLA‐Bz, by esterification with 4,4′‐azobis(4‐cyanovaleric acid) (ACVA). These macro‐azo initiators were employed as initiators in the FRP of styrene to form triblock copolymers, which were then used as prepolymers in the photoinduced FRPCP of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) to produce the pentablock structures. Structural characterization conducted via FT‐IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of each polymer segment within the pentablock architecture, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis further validated pentablock formation, showing unimodal distributions. UV–Vis and fluorescence measurements also verified the successful incorporation of the benzoin groups. This multistep synthetic strategy introduces an effective approach for constructing ABCBA‐type pentablock copolymers, which might find the potential uses in advanced material design.
Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on CuO/CNTs Nanocomposites Synthesized by Diaphragm Glow Discharge Plasma
Authors: Lu Quanfang , Ma Wenjing , Yu Jie , Ma Huihui , Fang Xiaoyun , Liang Chenxu , Wang Kai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, the pine–needle like CuO/CNTs nanocomposites were fabricated by one‐step strategy via diaphragm glow discharge (DGD) plasma. A possible fabrication mechanism is proposed. CuO/CNTs as an electrode material for sensing glucose exhibits a low detection limit of 0.1 μM, high sensitivity of 900 μA mM−1 cm−2, wide linear range of 5.00 μm to 12.71 mM, fast response time of 1.0 s, and good selectivity. The glucose in human tears was determined, and the recovery is 104%–107% with a relative standard deviation of less than 4.55%. Compared with other synthesis methods, DGD is a simple, effective, and economic technique without platinum needle, alkali sources, copper salt precursors, and high temperature.
Arachidonic acid metabolism is involved in the detoxification and recognition of Phytophthora sojae to benzoxazinones
Authors: Liu Haixu , Zhang Zhuoqun , Xu Ying , Zhao Yifan , An Tai , Du Xiuming , Wen Jingzhi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytophthora sojae (Kaufmann and Gerdemann), a pathogenic oomycete, causes one of the most destructive soybean diseases, Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR). Previous studies have shown that benzoxazines (BXs) such as 6‐methoxy‐benzoxazolin‐2‐one (MBOA) and benzoxazoline‐2‐one (BOA) in maize root exudates inhibit the chemotaxis of zoospores, as well as the mycelial growth and pathogenicity of P. sojae. However, the molecular mechanism by which BXs regulate the growth, development and pathogenicity of P. sojae is still not well understood at present.RESULTSBy analyzing the transcriptome data, it was determined that PsPTGES2 (encoding prostaglandin E synthase 2), PsGST1 (encoding glutathione S transferase), and PsEPHX2 (encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase) in the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway were involved in the response of P. sojae to MBOA and BOA. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐mediated protoplast transformation was performed to construct silenced transformants of PsPTGES2, PsGST1, and PsEPHX2. Our data demonstrated that PsPTGES2, PsGST1, and PsEPHX2 were involved in mycelial growth, oospore formation, zoospore encystment, cyst germination in P. sojae. PsPTGES2 and PsGST1 were involved in the pathogenicity. The silencing transformants PsPTGES2 and PsGST1 reduced the metabolic ability to AA and the resistance to BOA. Moreover, the zoospores of the silencing transformants PsPTGES2, PsGST1, and PsEPHX2 decreased the chemotaxis to genistein and repellency to BOA.CONCLUSIONAA metabolism is involved in the growth, development and pathogenicity of P. sojae and the detoxification and recognition of P. sojae to BXs. The study results provide a solid theoretical basis for developing effective strategies to control the infection and pathogenicity of P. sojae. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A New Framework for River Restoration Planning at Catchment Scale in the UK
Authors: Robins Joshua Edward , Naura Marc , Austin Sam , Bryden Alexandra , Cullis Jo , Prady Jane , Shi Fang , Treves Richard 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe main aim of catchment planning is to prioritise measures that will reverse the decline of biological communities. In recent decades, there has been an increase in methods, tools and the availability of data to aid this process. However, how we use data to make decisions is the crucial and often neglected part of catchment planning, and there is sometimes a tendency to revert to reach‐scale opportunism rather than planning at the catchment scale. Planning approaches in the UK have ranged from public sector–led plans in the 1990s to the present‐day partnership approach led by the third sector (non‐governmental charitable or not‐for‐profit organisations). We have reviewed 237 catchment plans from the UK to understand the approaches that have been taken. Our findings indicate that many plans do not clearly link evidence and data to decision‐making; problems are poorly defined using broad terms such as ‘issues’ instead of characterising pressures and impacts; catchment objectives tend to be broad and not specific; measures are often prioritised based on opportunity; and it is not always clear how measures are expected to contribute to the achievement of catchment targets. Altogether, we noted the absence of agreed, standardised frameworks for producing plans, describing how data should be analysed, problems identified and actions prioritised. We propose a new catchment planning framework that encourages evidence‐based decisions through the assessment of pressures and impacts, and ultimately the prioritisation of river restoration options (encompassing rehabilitation, renaturalisation, enhancement, re‐creation and mitigation of the hydrology, water quality and geomorphology of the river, floodplain and wider catchment) based on their contribution to the alleviation of catchment‐scale impacts, and which can be applied by nonspecialists using citizen science data.
Enhanced Antibacterial Effect of Kanamycin‐Stabilized Nanoclusters
Authors: Rezapour Kimia , Mousavizadegan Maryam , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Reza , Golbashy Mohammad , Hosseini Morteza 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPertaining to the imminent problem of antibiotics resistance, and in turn the urgent need for new antibiotics, it is vital to generate new compounds that are effective against resistant species. For this, we have aimed to develop enhanced antibacterial compounds by merging antibiotics with nanomaterials to strengthen their activity. Hence, kanamycin‐stabilized gold, silver, and copper nanoclusters (NCs) were synthesized and investigated for their antibacterial activity. It was seen that the gold and silver NCs had increased antibacterial activity, especially against Escherichia coli, with an average decrease in the MIC for 4:1 for the silver and 2:1 for the gold NCs. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium was also increased, more significantly for the silver NCs. However, for the copper NCs, enhanced activity was not witnessed. Thus, it can be concluded that incorporating nanoclusters, especially gold and silver, with antibiotic ligands can enhance their antimicrobial activity.
Preparation of Jarosite‐Loaded Coal‐Based Porous Carbon and Its Performance in the Adsorption of Tetracycline
Authors: Chen Jianqiao , Peng Longgui , Cheng Huanquan , Zheng Bin , Zhang Liangqing , Ding Zhiyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe widespread use of antibiotics and other emerging organic pollutants has caused serious environmental damage and potential human health risks, attracting great global attention. In this study, coal porous carbon (CC) and jarosite‐loaded coal‐derived porous carbon (JCC) were prepared using raw coal products and KOH as the base and activator products, respectively, for the removal of tetracycline (TC) from water. The physical properties, the specific surface area and pore size distribution of the prepared material were analyzed. The adsorption efficiencies and mechanisms of the raw coal, CC, and JCC materials for tetracycline (TC) in solutions were further investigated. The reusability characteristics of the modified adsorbent materials were also explored. The results revealed abundant mesopores and macropores on the raw coal, whereas the CC and JCC material had predominantly micropores and mesopores. The obtained TC adsorption rates were 4.08, 4.61, and 4.62 mg/g for the raw coal, CC, and JCC materials, corresponding to adsorption removal rates of 78, 88, and 88.1%, respectively. The JCC material maintained high TC removal rates (above 90%) after five cycles of adsorption‐desorption experiments, demonstrating the excellent reusability of this modified material. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of advanced materials for future environmental remediation.
The Quest for Contrast in Digital Images of Micro/Nano Structured Polymer Blends Before and After CO2 Foaming: Impact of Block Copolymer Content and Size Upon Acrylic Cellular Structures
Authors: Anguy Yannick , Haurat Margaux , Dumon Michel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work addresses the structural quantification of multiphase materials, here nanostructured polymer solid precursors and their micro/nano sized foamed counterparts. It is based on a strategy of contrast/edge enhancement, locally adaptive to image data in digital images of materials. The method allows to binarize straightforwardly the structures (the phases) in TEM and SEM images after edge identification, edge choice, and image virtual reconstruction. A detailed insight is brought into one‐step batch supercritical CO2 foaming of acrylic amorphous PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) polymers, aided by the nanostructuration of block copolymers (BCP), here MAM (butyl acrylate center block methyl acrylate side blocks). The foaming conditions, i.e., pressure drop rate (PDR) and saturation temperature required for an actual one‐step procedure are specified and clarified, whereas previous works, dealing with “one‐step procedures”, are probably incurring in a two‐step procedure. The roles of the BCP content (and size) and saturation temperature are carefully analyzed and further clarified, more comprehensively than in previous literature. Thanks to the analysis of size distributions of foams and foam blend precursors (0.25, 0.5, 10 wt% MAM), bi modality of 10 wt% foams is for example revealed. A discussion of kinetics effects, i.e., evolutions of the effective sample temperature Tef(t), and the effective glass transition temperature Tg, ef(t). provides a new insight of “pseudo” one‐step VS “real” one‐step batch foaming.
Understanding the Curvature Effect of FeCo Nanoalloy Encapsulated by Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Jin Mengjing , Sun Guowen , Li Muxuan , Chen Ru , Song Jianqiao , Wang Jiuzhou , Zhao Jianguo , Zhou Jinyuan , Xie Erqing , Pan Xiaojun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWell‐designed structures of the electrocatalyst provide excellent catalytic activity and high structural stability during the sulfur reduction reaction of Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). In this study, a novel and efficient structure is developed to encapsulate bimetallic FeCo nanoalloy catalysts within N‐doped carbon nanotube (NCNT) on carbon nanofibers (FeCo@NCNT/CNFs) using a combination of electrospinning and rapid‐cooling techniques. The NCNT matrix with abundant sites not only serves as a high pathway for electron transport during the reaction, but its encapsulation structure also acts as armor to protect the FeCo nanoalloy. Further, the curvature effect of the FeCo@NCNT structure facilitates greater electron transfer from the FeCo nanoalloy to the NCNT, and lowering the reaction barrier for the liquid–solid conversion process. As a result, the S/FeCo@NCNT/CNFs cathode can achieve exceptional cycle performance of 500 cycles at 5 C, with an ultra‐low capacity fade rate of 0.031% per cycle. Moreover, even under extreme temperature conditions of −20 and 80 °C, the battery still delivers a specific capacity of 827.16 and 697.46 mAh g−1 at 1 C. This work shows an effective insight into enhancing the LiPS conversion kinetics over a wide temperature range in Li–S batteries.
Drug‐phospholipid conjugate nano‐assembly for drug delivery
Authors: Zhao Ding , Zhang Yixiang , Wang Fan , Kaewmanee Rames , Cui Wenguo , Wu Tianqi , Du Yawei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhospholipid‐based liposomes are among the most successful nanodrug delivery systems in clinical use. However, these conventional liposomes present significant challenges including low drug‐loading capacity and issues with drug leakage. Drug‐phospholipid conjugates (DPCs) and their assemblies offer a promising strategy for addressing these limitations. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the design, synthesis, and application of DPCs for drug delivery. We begin by discussing the chemical backbone structures and various design strategies such as phosphate head embedding and mono‐/bis‐embedding in the sn‐1/sn‐2 positions. Furthermore, we highlight stimulus‐responsive designs of DPCs and their applications in treating diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and malaria. Lastly, we explore future directions for DPCs development and their potential applications in drug delivery.
Microfluidic 3D printing hydrogels based on fish liver decellularized extracellular matrix for liver regeneration
Authors: Ren Haozhen , Huang Danqing , Qiu Mengdi , Xue Lingling , Zhu Shaoshi , Gan Jingjing , Chen Cheng , Chen Dayu , Wang Jinglin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLiver tissue engineering offers potential in liver transplantation, while the development of hydrogels for scalable scaffolds incorporating natural components and effective functionalities is ongoing. Here, we propose a novel microfluidic 3D printing hydrogel derived from decellularized fish liver extracellular matrix for liver regeneration. By decellularizing fish liver and combining it with gelatin methacryloyl, the hydrogel scaffold retains essential endogenous growth factors such as collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Additionally, microfluidic‐assisted 3D printing technology enables precise modulation of the composition and architecture of hydrogels to fulfill clinical requirements. Benefiting from the natural source of materials, the hydrogels exhibit excellent biocompatibility and cellular proliferation capacity for incorporating induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived hepatocytes (iPSC‐heps). Furthermore, the macroscopic architecture and biomechanical environment of hydrogels foster optimal functional expression of iPSC‐heps. Importantly, post‐transplantation, the hydrogels significantly enhance survival rates and liver function in mice with acute liver failure, promoting liver regeneration and repair. These findings suggest that microfluidic 3D printed hydrogels represent promising candidates for liver transplantation and functional recovery.