bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoter methylation of DNA homologous recombination genes is predictive of the responsiveness to PARP inhibitor treatment in testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Lobo João , Constâncio Vera , Guimarães‐Teixeira Catarina , Leite‐Silva Pedro , Miranda‐Gonçalves Vera , Sequeira José Pedro , Pistoni Laura , Guimarães Rita , Cantante Mariana , Braga Isaac , Maurício Joaquina , Looijenga Leendert H. J. , Henrique Rui , Jerónimo Carmen 
Published: January 2021

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common cancers in men aged 15–39 years and are divided into two major groups, seminomas and nonseminomas. Novel treatment options are required for these patients, to limit side effects of chemotherapy. We hypothesized that promoter methylation of relevant homologous recombination (HR) genes might be predictive of response to poly‐ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) in TGCTs. We report a study pipeline combining in silico, in vitro, and clinical steps. By using several databases and in silico tools, we identified BRCA1, RAD51C, PALB2, RAD54B, and SYCP3 as the most relevant genes for further investigation and pinpointed specific CpG sites with pronounced negative correlation to gene expression. Nonseminomas displayed significantly higher methylation levels for all target genes, where increased methylation was observed in patients with more differentiated subtypes and higher disease burden. We independently performed second‐line targeted validation in tissue series from TGCT patients. A moderate and/or strong anti‐correlation between gene expression (assessed by RNA‐sequencing) and promoter methylation (assessed by 450k array) was found, for all of the targets. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated the sensitivity of TGCT cell lines to Olaparib, which associated with differential methylation levels of a subset of targets, namely BRCA1 and RAD51C. Our findings support the use of HR genes promoter methylation as a predictor of the therapeutic response to PARPis in patients with TGCT.
Picturing pain and suffering: Effects of demonstrative evidence, instructions, and plaintiff credibility on mock jurors' damage awards
Authors: Park Jaihyun , Feigenson Neal R. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe present study examined the effects of demonstrative evidence on mock jurors' pain and suffering damage awards and the psychological processes underlying those effects. Participants read excerpts from the plaintiff's and his expert's testimony and saw photo simulations of the plaintiff's visual impairments that they were instructed to treat either as substantive evidence or illustrative aids, or saw no simulations. Participants who saw demonstrative evidence of the plaintiff's impaired vision awarded him significantly more pain and suffering damages than did those who did not. The effect was mediated by the judged severity of the plaintiff's suffering: Those who saw demonstrative evidence awarded more damages in part because they judged the plaintiff's suffering from his visual impairments to be more severe than those who did not. Participants differentiated between substantive and illustrative demonstrative evidence in several respects but in two of three studies did not award significantly different amounts of damages.
Clearance of ESKAPE Pathogens from Blood Using Bacterially Activated Macrophage Membrane‐Coated Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Liu Sidi , Jiang Guimei , Shi Rui , Wu Renfei , Xiao Xiang , Yu Tianrong , Ren Yijin , van der Mei Henny C. , Busscher Henk J. , Liu Jian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExtracorporeal devices to cleanse blood from infecting bacteria are based upon bacterial capture to surfaces, but the current generation of capture devices has variable and inconclusive therapeutic efficacy. Here, a microfluidic device equipped with a Si capture surface with a highly periodic nanowired structure is designed. Nanowired Si surfaces are coated with macrophage membranes to benefit from the natural blood compatibility and ligand–receptor binding of macrophages. When macrophages are activated by uptake of Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, zeta potentials of activated macrophage membrane coatings become less negative than those of nonactivated ones, stimulating nonspecific bacterial capture. In addition, Toll‐like receptors in bacterially activated membrane coatings on nanowired surfaces that are absent in nonactivated membrane coatings contribute to specific bacterial capture. These two factors, together with the maintenance of fluidity in activated membrane coatings, cause broad spectrum, high capture efficiencies of all six ESKAPE member pathogens, considered most threatening to human health. Surfaces with such broad‐spectrum capture efficiencies have not been previously described, but are clinically most relevant because blood cleansing should start as soon as possible after a septic patient becomes symptomatic, when the causative bacterial strain is still unknown.
A Terahertz Video Camera Patch Sheet with an Adjustable Design based on Self‐Aligned, 2D, Suspended Sensor Array Patterning
Authors: Suzuki Daichi , Li Kou , Ishibashi Koji , Kawano Yukio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTerahertz (THz) imaging is expected to become powerful tools for non‐destructive inspections. To ensure the practical use of THz non‐destructive monitoring, versatile THz imagers with adjustable designs that can eliminate the complexities and the bulkiness of the device are urgently required. Herein, a self‐aligned filtration process for a 2D, free‐standing carbon nanotube film array and its application to a THz video camera patch are reported. The presented techniques enable a) to freely design the camera size, sensor array pattern, and suspended shape according to its applications, b) to cut the camera patch into desired shapes, and c) to attach them to the objects that are intended to be measured. Real‐time, non‐destructive monitoring of various infrastructures is demonstrated. These results indicate that it can function regardless of restrictions, such as the shapes and locations of the measurement samples, thus providing a strong possibility for use in future non‐destructive sensor networks.
Laser‐Assisted Printing of Electrodes Using Metal–Organic Frameworks for Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Wang , Li Rui , Zheng Han , Bao Jiashuan , Tang Yujia , Zhou Kun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDirect laser scribing, an advanced printing technique, has been recently developed to enable the carbonization of carbonaceous precursors in a rapid, precise, and cost‐effective manner. Herein, it is reported that metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) can be converted into patterned derived carbon with desired structural features using a CO2 infrared laser system. Metal species in MOFs play a key role in the morphology, porous structure, and crystallinity of the resulting laser‐induced products by studying six representative MOFs. Diverse features such as ordered porous structure and continuous network microstructure can be obtained in the laser‐induced MOF‐derived carbon, which is influenced by the melting and boiling points of metals and their magnetic and catalytic behaviors. Furthermore, a core–shell structured composite (MOF‐199@ZIF‐67) has been designed and prepared for the fabrication of 12‐interdigital electrodes derived from the composite by laser‐assisted printing. The as‐obtained electrodes with highly porous and hierarchical structure show an enhanced specific capacitance for micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs). This work provides a complementary heat treatment method to produce MOF‐derived carbon nanomaterials with desired structural features and patterns for MSCs and micro‐device‐related applications.
The Plasticity of Nanofibrous Matrix Regulates Fibroblast Activation in Fibrosis
Authors: Jia Yuanbo , Wang Yanzhong , Niu Lele , Zhang Hang , Tian Jin , Gao Dengfeng , Zhang Xiaohui , Lu Tian Jian , Qian Jin , Huang Guoyou , Xu Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNatural extracellular matrix (ECM) mostly has a fibrous structure that supports and mechanically interacts with local residing cells to guide their behaviors. The effect of ECM elasticity on cell behaviors has been extensively investigated, while less attention has been paid to the effect of matrix fiber‐network plasticity at microscale, although plastic remodeling of fibrous matrix is a common phenomenon in fibrosis. Here, a significant decrease is found in plasticity of native fibrotic tissues, which is associated with an increase in matrix crosslinking. To explore the role of plasticity in fibrosis development, a set of 3D collagen nanofibrous matrix with constant modulus but tunable plasticity is constructed by adjusting the crosslinking degree. Using plasticity‐controlled 3D culture models, it is demonstrated that the decrease of matrix plasticity promotes fibroblast activation and spreading. Further, a coarse‐grained molecular dynamic model is developed to simulate the cell–matrix interaction at microscale. Combining with molecular experiments, it is revealed that the enhanced fibroblast activation is mediated through cytoskeletal tension and nuclear translocation of Yes‐associated protein. Taken together, the results clarify the effects of crosslinking‐induced plasticity changes of nanofibrous matrix on the development of fibrotic diseases and highlight plasticity as an important mechanical cue in understanding cell–matrix interactions.
Revealing Structural Disorder in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon for a Low‐Loss Photonic Platform at Visible Frequencies
Authors: Yang Younghwan , Yoon Gwanho , Park Sunghak , Namgung Seok Daniel , Badloe Trevon , Nam Ki Tae , Rho Junsuk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe high refractive index of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) at optical frequencies is an essential property for the efficient modulation of the phase and amplitude of light. However, substantial optical loss represented by its high extinction coefficient prevents it from being utilized widely. Here, the bonding configurations of a‐Si:H are investigated, in order to manipulate the extinction coefficient and produce a material that is competitive with conventional transparent materials, such as titanium dioxide and gallium nitride. This is achieved by controlling the hydrogenation and silicon disorder by adjusting the chemical deposition conditions. The extinction coefficient of the low‐loss a‐Si:H reaches a minimum of 0.082 at the wavelength of 450 nm, which is lower than that of crystalline silicon (0.13). Beam‐steering metasurfaces are demonstrated to validate the low‐loss optical properties, reaching measured efficiencies of 42%, 62%, and 75% at the wavelengths of 450, 532, and 635 nm, respectively. Considering its compatibility with mature complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor processes, the low‐loss a‐Si:H will provide a platform for efficient photonic operating in the full visible regime.
Directional Polarized Light Emission from Thin‐Film Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Fu Xiangyu , Mehta Yash , Chen Yi‐An , Lei Lei , Zhu Liping , Barange Nilesh , Dong Qi , Yin Shichen , Mendes Juliana , He Siliang , Gogusetti Renuka , Chang Chih‐Hao , So Franky 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLight‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with directional and polarized light emission have many photonic applications, and beam shaping of these devices is fundamentally challenging because they are Lambertian light sources. In this work, using organic and perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) for demonstrations, by selectively diffracting the transverse electric (TE) waveguide mode while suppressing other optical modes in a nanostructured LED, the authors first demonstrate highly directional light emission from a full‐area organic LED with a small divergence angle less than 3° and a TE to transverse magnetic (TM) polarization extinction ratio of 13. The highly selective diffraction of only the TE waveguide mode is possible due to the planarization of the device stack by thermal evaporation and solution processing. Using this strategy, directional and polarized emission from a perovskite LED having a current efficiency 2.6 times compared to the reference planar device is further demonstrated. This large enhancement in efficiency in the PeLED is attributed to a larger contribution from the TE waveguide mode resulting from the high refractive index in perovskite materials.
Seamlessly Integrable Optoelectronics for Clinical Grade Wearables
Authors: Polat Emre Ozan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHealth and fitness wearables present viable solutions for public wellbeing by providing remote personal control and clinical intervention through telemedicine networks. Due to their noninvasive and continuous vital sign monitoring, optoelectronic wearables are incorporated in number of studies to identify the onset and progression of the Coronavirus pandemic, and institutions deployed patient surveillance networks based on them. Today's optoelectronic wearables rely on rigid light emitting and sensing technologies that are vulnerable to motion artifacts due to discontinuous skin contact. However, wearable‐based digital health systems require the extraction of clinical grade data for the actionable outcomes. Therefore, optoelectronic technologies that provide clinical grade data through seamless skin integration are in high demand. The seamlessly integrable optoelectronic technologies for wearable based digital health solutions are discussed here. The review of highlighted wearable optoelectronic materials and technologies provides a benchmark, therefore helps to define pathways through the realization of clinical grade wearables rising as strong contenders for the public health strategies.
Avidity‐Based Selection of Tissue‐Specific CAR‐T Cells from a Combinatorial Cellular Library of CARs
Authors: Ma Peixiang , Ren Ping , Zhang Chuyue , Tang Jiaxing , Yu Zheng , Zhu Xuekai , Fan Kun , Li Guanglei , Zhu Wei , Sang Wei , Min Chenyu , Chen Wenzhang , Huang Xingxu , Yang Guang , Lerner Richard A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUsing T‐cell chimeric antigen receptors (CAR‐T) to activate and redirect T cells to tumors expressing the cognate antigen represents a powerful approach in cancer therapy. However, normal tissues with low expression of tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) can be mistargeted, resulting in severe side effects. An approach using a collection of T cells expressing a diverse, 106‐member combinatorial cellular library of CARs, in which members can be specifically enriched based on avidity for cell membrane antigens, is reported. Using CD38 as the target antigen, an efficient and effective selection of CARs specifically recognizing CD38+ tumor cells is demonstrated. These selected CAR‐T's produce cytokines known to be associated with T cell activation in a CD38 expression‐dependent manner. This avidity‐based selection endows the engineered T cells with minimal off‐tumor effects, while retaining robust antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. The described method may facilitate the application of CAR‐T therapy to TAAs previously considered undruggable.
Extreme Energy Dissipation via Material Evolution in Carbon Nanotube Mats
Authors: Hyon Jinho , Lawal Olawale , Thevamaran Ramathasan , Song Ye Eun , Thomas Edwin L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThin layered mats comprised of an interconnected meandering network of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are subjected to a hypersonic micro‐projectile impact test. The mat morphology is highly compliant and while this leads to rather modest quasi‐static mechanical properties, at the extreme strain rates and large strains resulting from ballistic impact, the MWCNT structure has the ability to reconfigure resulting in extraordinary kinetic energy (KE) absorption. The KE of the projectile is dissipated via frictional interactions, adiabatic heating, tube stretching, and ultimately fracture of taut tubes and the newly formed fibrils. The energy absorbed per unit mass of the film can range from 7–12 MJ kg−1, much greater than any other material.
Hierarchical Micro‐Nanoclusters of Bimetallic Layered Hydroxide Polyhedrons as Advanced Sulfur Reservoir for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Qiu Weilong , Li Gaoran , Luo Dan , Zhang Yongguang , Zhao Yan , Zhou Guofu , Shui Lingling , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRational construction of sulfur electrodes is essential in pursuit of practically viable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, bimetallic NiCo‐layered double hydroxide (NiCo‐LDH) with a unique hierarchical micro‐nano architecture is developed as an advanced sulfur reservoir for Li–S batteries. Compared with the monometallic Co‐layered double hydroxide (Co‐LDH) counterpart, the bimetallic configuration realizes much enriched, miniaturized, and vertically aligned LDH nanosheets assembled in hollow polyhedral nanoarchitecture, which geometrically benefits the interface exposure for host–guest interactions. Beyond that, the introduction of secondary metal intensifies the chemical interactions between layered double hydroxide (LDH) and sulfur species, which implements strong sulfur immobilization and catalyzation for rapid and durable sulfur electrochemistry. Furthermore, the favorable NiCo‐LDH is architecturally upgraded into closely packed micro‐nano clusters with facilitated long‐range electron/ion conduction and robust structural integrity. Due to these attributes, the corresponding Li–S cells realize excellent cyclability over 800 cycles with a minimum capacity fading of 0.04% per cycle and good rate capability up to 2 C. Moreover, highly reversible areal capacity of 4.3 mAh cm−2 can be achieved under a raised sulfur loading of 5.5 mg cm−2. This work provides not only an effective architectural design but also a deepened understanding on bimetallic LDH sulfur reservoir for high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Overcoming Phase‐Purity Challenges in Complex Metal Oxide Photoelectrodes: A Case Study of CuBi2O4
Authors: Gottesman Ronen , Levine Igal , Schleuning Markus , Irani Rowshanak , Abou‐Ras Daniel , Dittrich Thomas , Friedrich Dennis , van de Krol Roel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe widespread application of solar‐water‐splitting for energy conversion depends on the progress of photoelectrodes that uphold stringent criteria from photoabsorber materials. After investigating almost all possible elemental and binary semiconductors, the search must be expanded to complex materials. Yet, high structural control of these materials will become more challenging with an increasing number of elements. Complex metal‐oxides offer unique advantages as photoabsorbers. However, practical fabrication conditions when using glass‐based transparent conductive‐substrates with low thermal‐stability impedes the use of common synthesis routes of high‐quality metal‐oxide thin‐film photoelectrodes. Nevertheless, rapid thermal processing (RTP) enables heating at higher temperatures than the thermal stabilities of the substrates, circumventing this bottleneck. Reported here is an approach to overcome phase‐purity challenges in complex metal‐oxides, showing the importance of attaining a single‐phase multinary compound by exploring large growth parameter spaces, achieved by employing a combinatorial approach to study CuBi2O4, a prime candidate photoabsorber. Pure CuBi2O4 photoelectrodes are synthesized after studying the relationship between the crystal‐structures, synthesis conditions, RTP, and properties over a range of thicknesses. Single‐phase photoelectrodes exhibit higher fill‐factors, photoconversion efficiencies, longer carrier lifetimes, and increased stability than nonpure photoelectrodes. These findings show the impact of combinatorial approaches alongside radiative heating techniques toward discovering highly efficient multinary photoabsorbers.
The Other Half: An Examination of Monthly Food Pantry Cycles in the Context of SNAP Benefits
Authors: Byrne Anne T. , Just David R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study contributes to the growing literature on household resource allocation across time by examining monthly cycles of food pantry visitation. This study uses 13 years of data from over 40,000 households who visited the Food Bank for Larimer County in Northern Colorado. Analysis reveals that pantry visitation fluctuates dramatically by day of the month and is highest at the end of the month among the general pantry client population. Further analysis examines these monthly cycles with consideration for the Colorado SNAP distribution schedule, with results that suggest pantry visitation increases when SNAP benefits run out.JEL CLASSIFICATIOND15 (Intertemporal Household Choice); Q18 (Food Policy)
Efficient structure synthesis of reactive distillation processes using the IDEAS approach
Authors: Takase Hiroshi , Okayama Naoki , Hasebe Shinji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new synthesis method for reactive distillation processes is proposed. At each stage of a column, vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) is assumed and kinetically controlled reaction in liquid phase is considered. First, the liquid composition space is divided into small subspaces. Then, for each subspace a representative liquid composition is decided and assigned to a module corresponding to a stage of a distillation column. Then, after the calculation of the VLE and the reaction rate, the distribution network (superstructure) connecting all modules by vapor and liquid flow paths is constructed. The feature of the proposed model is that all constraints are linear to the optimization variables: the liquid and vapor flow rate and the liquid hold‐up. The developed method was applied to the metathesis reaction of 2‐pentene, and a completely new process structure was obtained. The effectiveness of the implied structure was confirmed through a comparison with conventional structures.
Population genomics of a reindeer lichen species from North American lichen woodlands
Authors: Alonso‐García Marta , Grewe Felix , Payette Serge , Villarreal A. Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2021

PREMISELichens are one of the main structural components of plant communities in the North American boreal biome. They play a pivotal role in lichen woodlands, a large ecosystem situated north of the closed‐crown forest zone, and south of the forest–tundra zone. In Eastern Canada (Quebec), there is a remnant LW found 500 km south of its usual distribution range, in theParc National des Grands‐Jardins, originated mainly because of wildfires. We inferred the origin of the lichenCladonia stellarisfrom this LW and assessed its genetic diversity in a postfire succession.METHODSWe genotyped 122 individuals collected across a latitudinal gradient in Quebec. Using the software Stacks,we compared four different approaches of locus selection and single‐nucleotide polymorphism calling. We identified the best fitting approach to investigate population structure and estimate genetic diversity ofC. stellaris.RESULTSPopulations in southern Quebec are not genetically different from those of northern LWs. The species consists of at least four phylogenetic lineages with elevated levels of genetic diversity and low co‐ancestry. InParc National des Grands‐Jardins, we reported high values of genetic diversity not related with time since fire disturbance and low genetic differentiation among populations with different fire histories.CONCLUSIONSThis first population genomic study ofC. stellarisis an important step forward to understand the origin and biogeographic patterns of lichen woodlands in North America. Our findings also contribute to the understanding of the effect of postfire succession on the genetic structure of the species.