bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersion and vulcanization characteristics of nitrile rubber reinforced with N,N‐dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride treated silica
Authors: Mohammed Saleem R. , Natchimuthu N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractN,N‐Dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) treated silica is used as a reinforcing filler in nitrile rubber (NBR). Effect of the treatment on aggregate morphology and dispersion of silica in the matrix is investigated using XPS, SEM, and AFM. Binding energy levels of O1s and Si2p electrons in DMAc/LiCl treated silica have shifted significantly from 532.49 to 530.98 eV and 103.19 to 101.33 eV respectively. SEM observations have revealed a reduction in the agglomerate size of silica‐a desirable feature for realizing better processing properties of silica filled rubber compounds. Data from AFM observations have also shown better dispersion of DMAc/LiCl treated silica. Mooney viscosity of masterbatches, measured at 100°C over a period of 7 days, has not exhibited any storage hardening which is an indication of easier processability. At 125°C, Mooney data exhibited a reduction in scorch time as a function of DMAc/LiCl concentration. However, MDR data at 160°C have not shown much changes in the scorch time while NBR with high nitrile content exhibited longer cure times. Higher crosslink density of vulcanizates indicate that DMAc/LiCl treatment of silica could effectively reduce filler‐filler interactions and networking in silica filled rubber compounds thereby enabling mixing and processing operations energy efficient.
Enhancing the mechanical and barrier properties of chitosan/graphene oxide composite films using trisodium citrate and sodium tripolyphosphate crosslinkers
Authors: Han Lyn Foong , Tan Chin Ping , Zawawi Ruzniza Mohd , Nur Hanani Zainal Abedin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of ionic crosslinking on the mechanical, barrier, and optical properties of chitosan (CS) and CS/graphene oxide (CSGO) composite films using trisodium citrate (CIT) and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) solutions of different concentrations (0.5, 1.0. 2.0, and 3.0% w/v). Successful crosslinking was confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The hydrophilicity and light transmittance decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increase in concentration of both crosslinking agents. The CS films crosslinked with 3.0% w/v TPP exhibited significant (p < 0.05) improvements in barrier properties, achieving a 51% decrease of water vapor permeability and 59% decrease in oxygen permeability, in comparison to neat CS film. In addition, TPP‐crosslinked CSGO films experienced an 82% and 42% improvement in tensile strength and elongation at break, respectively. Overall, crosslinked CS and CSGO films possess significantly improved properties and have great potential to be further studied as food packaging materials.
Esthetic performance of thermochromic pigments in cataphoretic and sprayed coatings for outdoor applications
Authors: Calovi Massimo , Russo Francesca , Rossi Stefano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aims to assess the aesthetical performances of thermochromic coatings for outdoor applications. In details, this work focuses on the efficiency of thermochromic pigments inside cataphoretic and sprayed primers, evaluating the possible synergic effect of a protective transparent topcoat. The structure of thermochromic pigments is examined by optical microscope, and their color‐changing behavior is evaluated by colourimetric measurements. Colourimetric analyses are also carried out to monitor the thermochromic performances of the coatings during exposure to an aggressive NaCl solution and UV‐B radiations, and to assess the protective role of the top‐coat. In addition to that, wet‐ and dry‐abrasion tests are carried out to define the suitability of these coatings for outdoor applications where good resistance to mechanical damage is required. Thus, this work evidences the better aesthetical features of the cataphoretic primer, which, however, particularly suffers from chemical–physical degradation processes. Nevertheless, the application of the transparent topcoat allows to maintain the integrity of the cataphoretic primer. The double‐layer coating exhibits a remarkable color‐changing behavior even when subjected to degradation phenomena due to exposure to aggressive environments.
Completely amorphous high thermal resistant copolyesters from bio‐based 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid
Authors: Shen Ang , Wang Jinggang , Ma Shugang , Fei Xuan , Zhang Xiaoqin , Zhu Jin , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolyesters from renewable resources with glass transition temperature (Tg) higher than 100°C are crucial in broadening their application range. In this work, a series of high molecular weight copolyesters, poly(butylene bis[4‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] sulfone 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PBSF), was synthesized from bis[4‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] sulfone (BHEPS), bio‐based 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), and 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) via transesterification. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR) was used to confirm their chemical structures, composition, and sequence distribution. Characterizations demonstrated that with the increasing content of BHEPS unit, Tg of synthesized polyesters was increased from 38.2°C for PBF to 122°C for PBSF‐95, in which the content of BHEPS unit was 95%. However, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of PBSF was dramatically decreased after the addition of BHEPS, from 95,300 g/mol for PBF to only 9600 g/mol for PBSF‐95, which was too low for practical application. Taking molecular weight, Tg, and mechanical properties into account, PBSF‐65 was considered to be a promising polyester with Mw of 28,500 g/mol, Tg of 104.7°C, tensile strength of 82 MPa, and elongation‐at‐break of 98%. Besides, it was a completely amorphous polyester with a transmittance of 89.9% by cutoff at 700 nm. Summarily, PBSF‐65 showed great potential to be used as raw material for the manufacture of baby bottles, children's toys, kitchen appliances, and beverage packaging, especially in the case when high transparency and heat resistance are required.
Systematic investigation on the effect of crosslinking agent type and dosage on the performance of TPU/MVQ based thermoplastic vulcanizates
Authors: Cui Zi Wen , Jing Yuan Rong , Liu Su Su , Liu Guang Yong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDynamic vulcanized thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) were prepared in torque rheometer. The influence of the type and amount of peroxide crosslinking agent on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, micromorphology and melt flowability was systematically investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the TPVs vulcanized by 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di (tert‐butyl peroxy) hexane (DBPH) first increased and then decreased with increasing the peroxide amount, while for dicumyl peroxide (DCP) vulcanizing system the mechanical properties slowly increased. Besides, the comprehensive mechanical properties vulcanized by DBPH were better than those of DCP group. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the TPVs vulcanized by DBPH had better heat stability, corresponding to the excellent thermo‐oxidative aging performance and the 38% increase in tensile strength after aging. In addition, the MVQ rubber particles showed better dispersing performance for DBPH vulcanizing system. The melt flow rate of the TPVs showed a linear relationship with increasing DBPH dosage and became worse after the amount of crosslinking agent exceeded 1.5 phr. By comprehensive comparison, the TPVs have better performance when use peroxide DBPH as the crosslinking agent and the dosage is 1.5 phr.
Effects of different porous fillers on interfacial properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) hybrid films
Authors: Wang Sining , Huang Zhen , Ru Xiaofei , Wang Jiting 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based hybrids have demonstrated broad liquid separation applications but separation performances are constrained by the compatibility between fillers and polymer, and thus it is essential to study the interfacial properties of these hybrids. In this work, PVA hybrids with four different porous fillers have been fabricated and characterized with Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, swelling and contact angle tests. Swelling results show that PVA has a degree of swelling (DS) of 79% in water but the swelling is compressed after adding fillers and the DS for PVA hybrids has decreased by 19%, 17%, 15%, and 9% for 30 wt% loading of ZIF‐8, UiO‐66, Hβ and ZSM‐5, respectively. For methanol and its 10 wt% aqueous solution, similar swelling results are obtained due to mutual interactions among the filler, polymer and test liquids. Based on water and glycerol contact angle results, the surface energy of PVA is estimated to be 40.56 Nm−1 and it drops to 27.39 Nm−1 after adding less hydrophilic ZIF‐8 or rise to 48.56 Nm−1 after introducing more hydrophilic ZSM‐5. The high‐film hydrophilicity and then large surface energy have rendered methanol/water sorption selectivity of PVA hybrids decrease to some extent or vice versa.
Emerging (information) realities and epistemic injustice
Authors: Oliphant Tami 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmergent realities such as the COVID‐19 pandemic and corresponding “infodemic,” the resurgence of Black Lives Matter, climate catastrophe, and fake news, misinformation, disinformation, and so on challenge information researchers to reconsider the limitations and potential of the user‐centered paradigm that has guided much library and information studies (LIS) research. In order to engage with these emergent realities, understanding who people are in terms of their social identities, social power, and as epistemic agents—that is, knowers, speakers, listeners, and informants—may provide insight into human information interactions. These are matters of epistemic injustice. Drawing heavily from Miranda Fricker's work Epistemic Injustice: Power & the Ethics of Knowing, I use the concept of epistemic injustice (testimonial, systematic, and hermeneutical injustice) to consider people as epistemic beings rather than “users” in order to potentially illuminate new understandings of the subfields of information behavior and information literacy. Focusing on people as knowers, speakers, listeners, and informants rather than “users” presents an opportunity for information researchers, practitioners, and LIS educators to work in service of the epistemic interests of people and in alignment with liberatory aims.
IR Reflective LaPO4 Ceramic Colorant Reinforced Polymer Composite Coatings on Glass and Metal Substrates for Heat Management Applications
Authors: Sheemol Valayampillil Narayanan , Peer Mohamed Abdul Azeez , Ananthakumar Solaiappan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLaPO4 ceramic colorants were processed in the vibrant shades of green and brick red, and subsequently embedded in polymer resins for the fabrication of heat management coatings. The IR/UV shielding characteristics of these ceramic colorants and polymer coatings were analysed and it was found that the ceramic dispersoids enhance the IR reflectance quality of polymer resins by 20 to 25 times. The nano ceramic green colorant‐reinforced polymer coating on glass panels offers the stringent property, i. e., optical transparency and heat reflectance combined, when exposed to direct sunlight. Other photophysical properties were also studied and analysed. The brick red colorant entrenched resin coating on metal substrate offered heat reflectance and corrosion resistance characteristics. XPS studies provided the chemical environment of the systems. Surface morphology, crystallinity and particle size of the products were investigated using SEM, TEM, XRD and DLS techniques. The polymer resin coating of these ceramic colorants offers thermal stability and colorfastness properties.
Outcomes of organ‐sparing surgery for adult testicular tumors: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ory Jesse , Blankstein Udi , Gonzalez Daniel C. , Sathe Aditya A. , White Joshua T. , Delgado Carlos , Reynolds John , Jarvi Keith , Ramasamy Ranjith 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a systematic review on the effects of testicular sparing surgery (TSS) on the oncological, functional, and hormonal outcomes of adults with testicular tumors.MethodsA literature search was performed after PROSPERO registration (CRD42020200842) and reported in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methods. We conducted a systematic search of Medline (Ovid), Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO/ICTRP from inception to November 20, 2020. Manuscripts and published abstracts were included if they involved testis‐sparing surgery (TSS) and contained data on any outcomes related to fertility, hormonal parameters, or oncological control, or if they evaluated surgical technique.ResultsOur initial search yielded 3,370 manuscripts, with 269 of these screened for full‐text eligibility. After our exclusion criteria were applied, 32 studies were included in the final analysis. Oncological outcomes were obtained from 12 studies (average follow‐up 57.8 months), functional data from 26 studies (average follow‐up 49.6 months), fertility information from 10 studies (average follow‐up 55.8 months), and data on nonpalpable tumors from 11 studies (average follow‐up 32.1 months). Oncological control appears to be excellent in studies that reported these outcomes. Presence of germ cell neoplasia in situ was controlled with adjuvant radiation in nearly all cases. Functional outcomes are also promising, as development of primary and compensated hypogonadism was rare. Semen parameters are poor preoperatively among men with benign and malignant testis tumors, with occasional decline after TSS. Frozen section analysis at the time of surgery appears to be very reliable, and the majority of nonpalpable tumors appear to be benign.ConclusionsTSS is a safe and efficacious technique with regards to oncological control and postoperative hormonal function based on retrospective, noncontrolled studies. TSS avoids unnecessary removal of benign testicular tissue, and should be given serious consideration in cases of nonpalpable, small tumors under 2 cm. In cases of malignancy, TSS can safely avoid anorchia in men with bilateral tumors and in men with solitary testicles. The use of the operating microscope, while theoretically promising, does not necessarily lead to better outcomes, however data are limited.
The role of exosomal non‐codingRNAsin aging‐related diseases
Authors: Dolati Sanam , Shakouri Seyed Kazem , Dolatkhah Neda , Yousefi Mehdi , Jadidi‐ Niaragh Farhad , Sanaie Sarvin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAging is a biological process caused by the accumulation of senescent cells with a permanent proliferative arrest. To the influence of aging on human life expectancy, there is essential for new biomarkers which possibly will assistance in recognizing age‐associated pathologies. Exosomes, which are cell‐secreted nanovesicles, make available a new biomarker detection and therapeutic approach for the transfer of different molecules with high capacity. Recently, non‐coding RNAs (ncRNA) which are contained in exosomes have developed as important molecules regulating the complexity of aging and relevant human diseases. The discovery of ncRNA provided perceptions into an innovative regulatory platform that could interfere with cellular senescence. The non‐coding transcriptome includes a different of RNA species, spanning from short ncRNAs (<200 nucleotides) to long ncRNAs, that are >200 bp long. Upgraded evidence displays that targeting ncRNAs possibly will influence senescence pathways. In this article, we will address ncRNAs that participated in age‐related and cellular senescence diseases. Growing conception of ncRNAs in the aging process possibly will be responsible for new understandings into the improvement of age‐related diseases and elongated life span.
Stem cell‐based therapies for cardiac diseases: The critical role of angiogenic exosomes
Authors: Ghodrat Sara , Hoseini Seyed Javad , Asadpour Shiva , Nazarnezhad Simin , Alizadeh Eghtedar Fariba , Kargozar Saeid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFinding effective treatments for cardiac diseases is among the hottest subjects in medicine; cell‐based therapies have brought great promises for managing a broad range of life‐threatening heart complications such as myocardial infarction. After clarifying the critical role of angiogenesis in tissue repair and regeneration, various stem/progenitor cell were utilized to accelerate the healing of injured cardiac tissue. Embryonic, fetal, adult, and induced pluripotent stem cells have shown the appropriate proangiogenic potential for tissue repair strategies. The capability of stem cells for differentiating into endothelial lineages was initially introduced as the primary mechanism involved in improving angiogenesis and accelerated heart tissue repair. However, recent studies have demonstrated the leading role of paracrine factors secreted by stem cells in advancing neo‐vessel formation. Genetically modified stem cells are also being applied for promoting angiogenesis regarding their ability to considerably overexpress and secrete angiogenic bioactive molecules. Yet, conducting further research seems necessary to precisely identify molecular mechanisms behind the proangiogenic potential of stem cells, including the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules such as microRNAs. In conclusion, stem cells' pivotal roles in promoting angiogenesis and consequent improved cardiac healing and remodeling processes should not be ignored, especially in the case of stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles.
Revenge filicide: An international perspective through 62 cases
Authors: Myers Wade C. , Lee Erica , Montplaisir Rose , Lazarou Emily , Safarik Mark , Chan Heng Choon (Oliver) , Beauregard Eric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFilicide is the purposeful killing of one or more children by a parent, step‐parent, or other parental figure. Revenge filicide is a poorly understood, rare form of filicide in which a parent murders their child to cause emotional harm to the child's other parent. This descriptive study presents an international case series consisting of 62 revenge filicide cases from nine countries. Perpetrators were about equally likely to be male or female. Over half of the sample had an active mental disorder of any type, most often a personality disorder. A history of domestic violence was common. The mean victim age was 6 years. They were typically killed by asphyxiation, firearms, or knives, and preschool age children were targeted most frequently. In half of the cases, more than one child was murdered. Post‐crime suicidal behavior was commonplace, and one‐third of the sample died by suicide. Four revenge filicide subtypes were identified: rejection, custody/visitation dispute, infidelity/jealousy, and argument/conflict. These categories may prove useful in future research and for helping to identify children at high risk of becoming filicide victims. All surviving offenders were criminally convicted, and in only one case was a mental health defense successful in lessening culpability. Notable similarities and differences between the US and international cases are discussed.
Epigenetic modulators combination with chemotherapy in breast cancer cells
Authors: Ari Ferda , Napieralski Rudolf , Akgun Oguzhan , Magdolen Viktor , Ulukaya Engin 
Published: February 2021

Despite the concerning adverse effects on tumour development, epigenetic drugs are very promising in cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the differential effects of standard chemotherapy regimens (FEC: 5‐fluorouracil plus epirubicine plus cyclophosphamide) in combination with epigenetic modulators (decitabine, valproic acid): (a) on gene methylation levels of selected tumour biomarkers (LINE‐1, uPA, PAI‐1, DAPK); (b) their expression status (uPA and PAI‐1); (c) differentiation status (5meC and H3K27me3). Furthermore, cell survival as well as changes concerning the invasion capacity were monitored in cell culture models of breast cancer (MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231). A significant overall decrease of cell survival was observed in the FEC‐containing combination therapies for both cell lines. Methylation results showed a general tendency towards increased demethylation of the uPA and PAI‐1 gene promoters for the MCF‐7 cells, as well as the proapoptotic DAPK gene in the treatment regimens for both cell lines. The uPA and PAI‐1 antigen levels were mainly increased in the supernatant of FEC‐only treated MDA‐MB‐231 cells. DAC‐only treatment induced an increase of secreted uPA protein in MCF‐7 cell culture, while most of the VPA‐containing regimens also induced uPA and PAI‐1 expression in MCF‐7 cell fractions. Epigenetically active substances can also induce a re‐differentiation in tumour cells, as shown by 5meC, H3K27me3 applying ICC.Significance of the studyEpigenetic modulators especially in the highly undifferentiated and highly malignant MDA‐MB‐231 tumour cells significantly reduced tumour malignancy thus; further clinical studies applying specific combination therapies with epigenetic modulators may be warranted.
Central line‐associated Rhodotorula mucilaginosa fungemia in an immunocompetent host: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Goravey Wael , Ali Gawahir A. , Abid Fatma , Ibrahim Emad B. , Al Maslamani Muna A. , Abdel Hadi Hamad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRhodotorula mucilaginosa is an emerging fungal infection with the ability of biofilms formation. The identification of R mucilaginosa fungemia should trigger reflexes of prompt central venous line removal and using Amphotericin therapy.
Sonne oder Wind: Was ist die bessere Energiequelle für Power‐to‐X
Authors: Machhammer Otto , Henschel Carsten 
Published: February 2021

AbstractParticle‐resolved CFD simulations provide detailed insights into fixed‐bed reactors. One of the remaining challenges is the generation of high‐quality computational cells, which is especially challenging near particle‐particle contacts. This contribution presents a generalized and automated contact modification independent of the particle shape by introducing a defined gap of 1 % of the particle diameter. This approach is successfully demonstrated for non‐spherical cylinders, hollow and multi‐hole cylinders, and a novel particle shape in terms of radial void fraction, pressure drop and an illustrative heat transfer study.
WO3 Inversce Opal Photonic Crystals: Unique Property, Synthetic Methods and Extensive Application
Authors: Dang Xueming , Jiang Xiao , Zhang Tingting , Zhao Huimin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTungsten trioxide inverse opal photonic crystals (WO3 IOPCs) not only possess the intrinsic properties of WO3, but also own the unique characteristics of IOPCs structure. The evolution of preparation method of WO3 IOPCs has been briefly presented as electrodeposition method, sol‐gel methodology and ‘dynamic hard‐template’ strategy in this review. Then the crystalline structure, optical property and electrical performance of WO3 IOPCs are later described. Afterwards, this review focuses on the wide application of WO3 IOPCs in chemical sensor, photo(electro)catalysis, electrochromic material and photochromic field in the last decade. Finally, a brief outlook over future investigation in preparation and modification, as well as promising application is proposed. This paper aims to encourage the attention and effort of researchers on WO3 IOPCs and other semiconductor materials with IOPCs structure.