bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Softmax Function Based Neutrosophic Aggregation Operators and Application in Multi-Attribute Decision Making Problem
Authors: Garai Totan , Dalapati Shyamal , Smarandache Florentin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Softmax function is a well-known generalization of the logistic function. It has been extensively used in various probabilistic classification methods such as softmax regression, linear discriminant analysis, naive bayes classifiers, and artificial neural networks. Inspired by the advantages of softmax function, we focused on this paper is to develop the softmax function based single valued neutrosophic aggregation operators. Then we have established some essential properties of aggregation operators based on softmax function with neutrosophic set. Additionally, we have defined a multi-attribute decision making method based on the proposed aggregation operators. Using this MADM method we exercised a realistic MADM problem with neutrosophic informations. Finally, we checked the validity and reliability of the proposed methods considering by one numerical illustration.
Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension and Obesity Among Iranian Adults: Yazd Health Study-TAMYZ and Shahedieh Cohort
Authors: Sarkhosh-Khorasani Sahar , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Mirzaei Masoud , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
PurposeEstablished data revealed a relationship between obesity and increasing the risk of mortality and morbidity of chronic diseases. There are conflicting data regarding the association between adherence of Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and obesity. Therefore, this study intends to investigate this relationship among a large sample of Iranian adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed by 10693 individuals; in the urban population: Yazd Health Study (n=6750), and in the suburb region: Shahedieh cohort study (n=3943). Dietary intake was evaluated by using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). In all participants, anthropometric indices including body mass index were measured. The DASH score was considered utilizing gender-specific quintiles of DASH items. To evaluate the relationship of DASH diet and obesity, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsBy adjusting confounders, participants in highest quintiles of DASH diet compared to the lowest have lower odds of obesity in suburb area (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.96), in urban (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.99), and in whole population of both studies (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.90). Besides, more compliance of women to this diet in urban (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.85) and population of both studies (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.96) were associated with reduced odds of central obesity. ConclusionsDASH dietary pattern could decrease odds of obesity in both urban and suburb area, and central obesity in urban area only. Further prospective studies are needed for causal conclusion.
Biodegradation of P-Nitrophenol by Engineered Strain
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Bo , Zhang Wen-Hui , Zhang Fu-Jian , Deng Yong-Dong , Wang Yu , Gao Jian-Jie , tian yongsheng , Peng Ri-He , Yao Quan-Hong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
p-Nitrophenol (PNP) is an important environmental pollutant and can causes significant environmental and health risks. Compared with the traditional methods, biodegradation is a useful one to completely remove the harmful pollutants from the environment. Here, an engineered strain was first constructed by introducing PNP biodegradation pathway via the hydroquinone (HQ) pathway into Escherichia coli. In the engineered strain BL-PNP, PNP was completely degraded to β-ketoadipate and subsequently enter the metabolites of multiple anabolic pathways. The high tolerance and rapid degradation ability to PNP enable the engineered strain to have the potential to degrade toxic substances. The engineered strain created in this study can be used as a functional strain for bioremediation of PNP and potential toxic intermediates, and the method of assembling aromatic hydrocarbons metabolic pathway can be used to eradicate nitroaromatic pollutants in the environment.
Multivariate Analysis of Spider Diversity in Agricultural, Horticultural and Silvicultural Ecosystems and their Relation to Subtropical Climatic Conditions
Authors: Gogoi Jyotim , Ningthoujam Kennedy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Spiders are the Arthropod and belong to the Phylum: Arthropoda, Class: Arachnida, Order: Araneae. Spiders totally depend on predation of small insects and other animals and have important role in the structure of communities and food webs both as an individual numbers and as an energy consumer.. Hence, documentation of spiders gives information about biodiversity of ecosystem in a particular geographical area. Totally arthropods belonged to 14 orders and 85 Nos. of different families. To study the similarity between two groups in species, family and ordinal level is used Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correspondence Analysis (CA) were evaluated to understand the arthropod population dynamics and habitat specific occurrence of spiders in different ecosystem Viz., Silvicultural, Horticultural and Agricultural ecosystem. To correlate the weather parameters with spider population we used Pearson correlation, regression line, Redundancy Analysis (RDA) and Canonical Coefficient Analysis (CCA). Correlation analysis showed arthropod population positively correlated to maximum and minimum temperature and evening relative humidity and negatively correlated to morning relative humidity and rainfall. The eigenvectors at generic level was found maximum in horticultural ecosystem (0.591) followed by silvicultural (0.581), maize (0.407), rice (0.329) and potato ecosystem (0.183) in factor (F1). The asymmetric CA row and column plot in generic level suggested that the genus Tylorida,, potato and horticultural ecosystems respectively. In case of weather perimeter with relation to arthropod population RDA showed that Arachnids families viz., Lycosidae, Thomisidae, Theridiidae, Tetraganthidae etc are closely associated with maximum temperature in silvicultural and horticultural ecosystems.
Effects of Room Temperature and Cold Storage on The Metabolic and Hemostatic Properties of Whole Blood for Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution
Authors: Ichikawa Junko , Kouta Masaki , Oogushi Masako , Komori Makiko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH), as a blood-conservation technique, avoids the need for allogeneic blood transfusions. The historic practice of cold-storing type-O whole blood (WB) in military fields popularized the transfusion of refrigerated WB to treat acute bleeding in surgical/trauma patients. In this study, we compared the effects of room temperature (RT) and refrigeration up to 24 hours on the coagulation properties of WB for ANH.Methods: Each WB sample, collected from 12 male volunteers, in citrate-phosphate-dextrose adenine solution was divided into two parts, which were stored at RT (20-24℃) and refrigerated (1-6℃) for 24 hours, respectively.Complete blood counts (CBC), mean platelet volume, and blood gas and fibrinogen levels were measured, and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) measurements, including aggregation response, were performed at the initial collection time point (baseline) and at 6, 12, and 24 hours after initial collection.Results: The preservation of platelet aggregation response induced by arachidonic acid and adenosine diphosphate was better in cold-stored WB compared to that in RT-stored WB, which significantly decreased after 12 hours of storage when compared with baseline. The platelet aggregation response induced by thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6 was significantly decreased in all samples after 24 hours of storage when compared with that at baseline. Although pH levels were within acceptable limits for all samples, the glycolytic metabolism of WB stored at RT was accelerated, leading to a significant increase in lactate levels after 6 hours of storage compared to that of cold-stored samples. There were no significant differences in CBC, coagulation profiles, mean platelet volume, and ROTEM variables between the cold-stored and RT-stored WB samples.Conclusions: WB for ANH stored in the refrigerator showed better metabolic characteristics after 6 hours of storage and better aggregation response after 12 hours of storage than WB stored at RT. Considering the safety of refrigerated products in terms of reducing bacterial growth, these data suggest that cold-stored WB may improve outcomes in patients with acute bleeding.
Foci Classification in Malaria Elimination Setting: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Ranjbar Mansour 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The concept of malaria elimination is becoming more and more important. Among countries with malaria transmission in 2015, eliminating malaria from 35 countries including those in the Great Mekong has been targeted by 2030. In the journey to elimination through the foci classification procedure, a limited number of “hotspots” among a large number of foci should be precisely defined to be covered by effective controlling measures. There is a common consensus that foci and case classification are fundamental principles of malaria elimination and prevention of reintroduction. However, there are numerous ambiguities and controversies in almost all aspects of foci classifications. These uncertainties result in misclassification that, in turn, wastes lives, time, and money thereby violating value for money principles. New progress in the literature such as ignoring “new potential” foci and using the class of “active foci” instead of the two classes of “new active” and “residual active” is in opposition to the philosophy of foci classification. In this paper, we seek to elaborate the controversies and ambiguities around the concept of foci classification and ultimately suggest some solutions. Some of the ways forward include: (a) foci classification should be done by parasite type; (b) a set of foci classes includes “cleared up”, “new potential”, “new active”, “residual active”, and “residual nonactive”; (c) The number and population of various foci classes should be regularly updated and monitored as the basis for measuring progress toward elimination and it can be considered as the basis for needs assessment and planning response; (d) The coverage and completeness of the controlling interventions by foci classes should be regularly monitored; and (e) The criteria for early detection of outbreaks should be defined. Furthermore, two applicable models for foci classification by parasite have been proposed.
SPC212 Human Mesothelioma Cell Underwent Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Morhological Deformation Following Astaxanthin Treatment
Authors: Kacar Sedat , Sevimli Tuğba S. , Sahinturk Varol 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although astaxanthin (ASX) is one type of carotenoid, it is a more bioactive compound than other carotenoids. Despite its utilization against different cancer types, the effect of ASX on mesothelioma has yet to be well-studied. In this study, our goal is to ascertain how ASX will affect SPC212 human mesothelioma cells. First, the effective doses of ASX against SPC212 cells were uncovered by the MTT test. Thereafter, with flow cytometry analysis, Annexin-V and caspase 3/7 assay were implemented for the evaluation of apoptotic cell death and an oxidative stress test was carried out to determine how the free radicals changed. Ultimately, the cells’ morphology was examined under a light microscope. The effective doses of ASX were found as 50,100 and 200 µM. In Annexin V assay, the total apoptosis increased to around 12%, 30%, and %45 with increasing doses of ASX. In the caspase 3/7 assay, the total apoptosis was around %25 and %38 at 100 and 200 µM. In oxidative stress analysis, ROS-positive cells rose from 4.54 at the lowest dose to 86.95 at the highest dose. In morphological analysis, cellular shrinkage, decrease in cell density, swelling and vacuolations in some cells, membrane blebbing and apoptotic bodies are observed in ASX-treated cells. To conclude, the current study provided insights into the efficacy and effects of ASX against SPC212 mesothelioma cells regarding morphology, proliferation and cell death for future studies.
The Effect of Different Concentration of Aqueous Extracts of Labisia pumila in Preventing Osteoporosis and Improvement of Dermal Elasticity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats
Authors: Zakaria Alif Aiman , Latip Mohd Qayyum Ab , Azizan Tengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku , Ahmad Hafandi , Mazlan Mazlina , Hassim Hasliza Abu , Noor Mohd Hezmee Mohd 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Labisia pumila (LP) a Malaysian herb thought to have phytoestrogenic effects in rats with PCOS. In this study we investigate the effects of LP aqueous extracts on bone composition, bone biomarkers and metabolic disorder in female rats fed continuously with high fat diet to induce PCOS. Hypothesis: The administration of Labisia pumila treatment in PCOS rats for 90 days will ameliorate the adverse effect of osteoporosis by reducing the inflammatory cytokine and improving the dermal elasticity of PCOS rats. Study design: On the 90th day of the development of PCOS model rats fed with high fat diet and after the vaginal smear analysis indicating a prolonged estrus cycle of more than 2 weeks, all PCOS rats were divided into 4 groups which consisted of control, placebo (water), LP25 (LP 25mg/kg) and LP50 (LP 50 mg/kg) respectively. All PCOS continue to received the formulated high fat diet and control animals continued to received normal chow and water ad libitum. Method: Vehicle and treatments, which were given orally by using stomach gavaging needle size 16 gauge straight and curve retrolingual administration. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the trial phase and organs, tissues and blood samples were harvested for multiple assays and analysis listed below.Results: The level of estradiol was significantly increased in LP25 and LP50 as compared with placebo. The inflammatory cytokine of C-reactive protein and TNF-ɑ were significantly decreased in LP25 and LP50.Conclusion: Treatment of LP extract might reduce the inflammatory cytokine related to the formation of osteoporosis and loss of bone mass, increase the insulin sensitivity and reduce of osteoporosis in PCOS patients. The phytoestrogenic of LP all of the above significant positive results are proven in lowering osteoporosis and metabolic disorder in PCOS rats.
Tumor Histology is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma. A Retrospective Study
Authors: Gallardo-Alvarado Lenny , León David Cantú-de , Ramirez-Morales Rebeca , Santiago-Concha Gabriel , Barquet-Muñoz Salim , Salcedo-Hernandez Rosa , Reyes Cinthya , Perez-Alvarez Sandra , Perez-Montiel Delia , Perez-Plasencia Carlos , Trejo-Duran Elizabeth , Galicia Juan Pablo , León David Cantú 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Even with different histologic origins, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) are considered a single entity, and the first-line treatment is the same. Locally advanced disease at the diagnosis of cervical cancer is the most important prognostic factor, the recurrence rate is high, making it necessary to evaluate prognostic factors other than clinical or radiological staging; histology could be one of them but continues to be controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate tumor histology as a prognostic factor in terms of treatment outcomes, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in a retrospective cohort of patients with Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma (LACC). Methods: The records of 1291patients with LACC were reviewed, all of them were treated with 45-50 Gy of external bean radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy and brachytherapy. A descriptive and comparative analysis was conducted. Treatment response was analyzed by the chi-square test; DFS and OS were calculated for each histology with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test; and the Cox model was applied for the multivariate analysis. Results: We included 1291 patients with LACC treated from 2005 to 2014, of which 1154 (89·4%) had SCC and 137 (10·6%) had AC. Complete response to treatment was achieved in 933 (80·8%) patients with SCC and 113 (82·5%) patients with AC. Recurrence of the disease was reported in 29·9% of SCC patients and 31·9% of AC patients. Five-year DFS was 70% for SCC and 62·2% for AC. The five-year OS rates were 74·3% and 60% for SCC and AC, respectively. The mean DFS was 48·8 months for SCC vs 46·10 for AC (p=0·043), the mean OS was 50·8 for SCC and 47·0 for AC (p=0·002).Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that SCC and AC are different clinical entities. Trial Registration: NCT04537273
Perimeter Confinements of Basic Health Zones and COVID-19 Incidence in Madrid, Spain
Authors: David García-García , Rafael Herranz-Hernandez , Ayelén Rojas-Benedicto , Inmaculada León-Gomez , Amparo Larrauri , Marina Peñuelas , Maria Guerrero-Vadillo , Rebeca Ramis , Diana Gomez-Barroso 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: A unique policy of perimeter closures of Basic Health Zones (small administrative health units) was implemented in the Autonomous Region of Madrid from September 21st 2020 to May 23rd 2021 to face the COVID-19 pandemic.Aim: To assess the impact of local perimeter confinements on the 14-days cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of the pandemic in Madrid, Spain.Methods: We compare the errors in estimation of two families of mathematical models: ones that include the perimeter closures as explanatory covariables and ones that do not, in search of a significant improvement in estimation of one family over the other. We incorporate leave-one-out cross-validation and the choice of the best over 15 models at each step in our analysis for statistical signification.Results: The two families of models provided very similar estimations (correlation of the errors > 0.95 (±10-3 95% CI), difference in means of the errors < 1.2 (±0.7 95% CI) 14-days cumulative incidence), both for a 2 weeks and 3 weeks delay in observed cumulative incidence and also when restricting the analysis to only those Basic Health Zones that were subject to at least one closure during the time under study.Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that the perimeter closures by Basic Health Zone did not have a significant effect on the epidemic curve in Madrid, either 2 or 3 weeks after their activation.
Evaluation of a Large-Scale School Wellness Intervention Through the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR): Implications for Dissemination and Sustainability
Authors: McLoughlin Gabriella M , Sweeney Rachel , Liechty Laura , Lee Joey A , Rosenkranz Richard R , Welk Gregory J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe need for sustainable and scalable comprehensive school wellness interventions is evident, and the lack of attention toward capacity-building models warrants investigation. Furthermore, there is a dearth of understanding regarding implementation determinants grounded in dissemination and implementation (D&I) frameworks. This study sought to address: 1) implementation determinants of adoption, fidelity, and penetration for school-wide wellness programming; and 2) nuanced determinants between schools with prior experience and those new to the program, to enhance tailored implementation support and sustainability.MethodsThe School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health (SWITCH®) capacity-building intervention was adopted in 52 elementary and middle (22 new; 30 experienced) schools across Iowa, United States in the 2019–2020 academic year. Mixed methods data collection and analysis procedures followed the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) protocols, adapted to school settings. Implementation outcomes included: 1) fidelity/compliance to established quality elements; 2) adoption of best practices in multiple settings; and 3) penetration of behavior change practices across classrooms and grade levels. Assessed determinants comprised organizational readiness/capacity and CFIR constructs via interviews and surveys. Interview data were scored using a systematic process; each CFIR domain was assigned a score (ranging between -2 and +2) to denote either a positive or negative influence on implementation. Independent t-tests were conducted to capture potential differences between new and experienced schools, followed by Pearson bivariate correlation analyses to determine relationships between CFIR determinants and implementation outcomes. ResultsExperienced schools reported insignificantly higher fidelity (t=-1.86 p=.07) and higher rates of adoption (t=-2.03 p=.04) compared to new schools. Correlation analyses revealed positive relationships between implementation outcomes and CFIR determinants including innovation source, culture and relative priority, and leadership engagement. Negative relationships were observed in tension for change and networks and communications. Specific negative relationships for new schools between determinants and outcomes included relative advantage, engaging key stakeholders, and reflecting/evaluating, among others. ConclusionsFindings highlight the specific relationships between implementation outcomes and determinants; nuanced challenges for new schools highlight the need for a more tailored approach to implementation support and offer insights for sustainability. Adapted CFIR protocols provide opportunities for replication in other school-and community-based projects.
Air Pollution and Outpatient Visits for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Time-Series Analysis in Luoyang, China
Authors: Guo Hengliang , Wang Mengfei , Wei Haitao , Gong Xiyun , Yang Hong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that air pollution has a great impact on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCD), but there is a lack of research on low and medium pollution areas. This study was the first time to explore the effects of air pollutants on the outpatient visits of CCD in Luoyang, which is located in low and medium pollution areas.Methods: In this study, the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was used to establish a single pollutant model, a multi-pollutant model and stratified modes of age, sex and season to evaluate the effects of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3 on the outpatient visits of CCD within a week.Results: The results of single pollutant model showed that PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3 all had significant effects on the outpatient visits of CCD with a lag effect, interquartile range (IQR) increased in their concentration, the outpatient visits with CCD increased by 2.8%(95%CI:1.7%-4.0%), 3.0%(95%CI:1.8%-4.1%), -4.2% (95%CI: -5.5%- -2.9%), 20.5%(95%CI:18.2%-22.7%), 10.4%(95%CI:8.8%-12.1%), 2.3%(95%CI:0.8%-3.9%). The multi-pollutant model showed that there may be complex interactions among pollutants. The results of stratified model showed that there was no significant difference in the effects of different pollutants on different genders and ages, and the results of seasonal stratification showed that PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and CO had a greater influence on the outpatient visits of CCD in spring and summer, while NO2 and O3 had a greater influence on the outpatient visits of CCD in autumn and winter.Conclusion: The results showed that air pollutants significantly affected the outpatient visits of CCD, among which NO2 had the greatest influence, and seasonal effects and the combined effects of various pollutants should be considered in the prevention of CCD.