bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation and coherent control of terahertz acoustic phonons in superlattices of perovskite oxides
Authors: Yang Chi-Yuan , Wu Ping-Chun , Chu Ying-Hao , Lin Kung-Hsuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We utilized transmission-type pump–probe technique to investigate coherent acoustic phonons in the superlattices of perovskite oxides such as SrIrO3/SrTiO3 and SrRuO3/SrTiO3. Because the films in the superlattices are of high-quality and their thicknesses are only several monolayers, quasi-monochromatic acoustic phonons with THz frequency have been achieved. By investigating the propagation of coherent acoustic phonons in the superlattices with different epitaxial periods, the phonon mean free paths of SrTiO3 were studied in the frequency range between 0.5 THz and 1 THz. We further demonstrated coherent control to amplify or cease the THz coherent acoustic phonon oscillations in the superlattices. By controlling the delay of two pulses for shining the superlattices, the amplitude and phase of the THz coherent acoustic phonons were manipulated. According to the measurements of time-domain Brillouin scatterings, we found the optoacoustic conversion efficiency of SrIrO3 outperforms that of SrRuO3 for generating acoustic phonons.
Tunable chiral responses in mechanically reconfigurable three-dimensional metamaterials
Authors: Han Donghai , Fang Xiangdong , Zhang Liuyang , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The active manipulation of polarization state is of fundamental importance to functional devices integrated in modern terahertz (THz) systems. The emerging chiral metamaterials (MMs) provide enormous possibilities to control the polarization state of incident THz wave, however, existing MMs with strong chirality are normally insufficient to modulate the circular dichroism (CD). Here, we have proposed a conceptual 3D mechanically reconfigurable chiral MM that is capable of tailoring the right circular polarization transmission and linear-to-circular polarization conversion. The 3D MM morphology can be reproducibly controlled by alternating the pre-strain on the elastic substrate, which allows to provide a flexible route to reconfigure the structural chirality and modulate the chiral response. Additionally, CD spectra exhibit high sensitivity to the rotation angle of MM component. The mechanically tunable chiral MM with high flexibility will build up an efficient approach for the CD enhancement and modulation and paves a novel avenue toward the reconfigurable design principle of flexible functional THz devices.
Performance of liquid-lithium-filled 3D-printed tungsten divertor targets under deuterium loading with ELM-like pulses in Magnum-PSI
Authors: Rindt P. , Korving S.Q. , Morgan T.W. , Lopes Cardozo N.J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A fusion reactor divertor must withstand heat flux densities <10 MW m−2. Additionally, it may have to withstand millisecond pulses on the order of 0.5 to 30 MJ m−2 due to (mitigated) edge-localized modes (ELM) occurring with 30 to 60 Hz. We investigate if these requirements can be met by capillary porous system (CPS) liquid lithium divertors (LLD). 3D-printed tungsten CPS targets were exposed in the linear plasma device Magnum-PSI, to deuterium plasma discharges lasting 15 s, generating 1.5 to 16 MW m−2, and T
e ∼ 1.5 eV. Additionally, ELM-like pulses were superimposed on top of the steady state for 3 s with a frequency of 2 and 100 Hz, power flux densities of 0.3 to 1 GW m−2, and T
e up to ∼14 eV. All Li targets survived without damage. The surface temperature (T
s) was locked at ∼850 °C, which was attributed to power dissipation via vapor shielding. Meanwhile, unfilled reference targets melted during the severest pulsed loading. A blue grayish layer of presumably LiD formed when T
s < 500 °C, but disappeared when the locking temperature was reached. This implies that LiD formation can be avoided, but that it may require a surface temperature at which Li evaporation excessively contaminates the core plasma in a tokamak. During pulsed loading the plasma facing surface remained wetted in all conditions. Bolometry indicated that, only during pulses, there was a large increase in radiative power dissipation compared to targets without Li. A high speed camera with a Li-I filter showed that strong Li evaporation continued up to 5 ms after a pulse. Overall, the liquid-lithium-filled 3D-printed tungsten targets were found to be highly robust, and 3D-printing can be considered as a promising manufacturing technique for LLDs. Further research is needed particularly on the formation of LiD and the associated tritium retention, as well as the impact of enhanced evaporation during and after ELMs on the core plasma.
Theory-based scaling laws of near and far scrape-off layer widths in single-null L-mode discharges
Authors: Giacomin M. , Stagni A. , Ricci P. , Boedo J.A. , Horacek J. , Reimerdes H. , Tsui C.K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Theory-based scaling laws of the near and far scrape-off layer (SOL) widths are analytically derived for L-mode diverted tokamak discharges by using a two-fluid model. The near SOL pressure and density decay lengths are obtained by leveraging a balance among the power source, perpendicular turbulent transport across the separatrix, and parallel losses at the vessel wall, while the far SOL pressure and density decay lengths are derived by using a model of intermittent transport mediated by filaments. The analytical estimates of the pressure decay length in the near SOL is then compared to the results of three-dimensional, flux-driven, global, two-fluid turbulence simulations of L-mode diverted tokamak plasmas, and validated against experimental measurements taken from an experimental multi-machine database of divertor heat flux profiles, showing in both cases a very good agreement. Analogously, the theoretical scaling law for the pressure decay length in the far SOL is compared to simulation results and to experimental measurements in TCV L-mode discharges, pointing out the need of a large multi-machine database for the far SOL decay lengths.
Statistical Analysis of Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption against Population Growth
Authors: Aboueata Walid , Hijawi Ula , Al-Kababji Ayman , Mohieddine Abdulrahman , Choe Pilsung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Global population has significantly tripled in the last 50 years. The increasing population rate has led to increasing energy consumption, consequently, increasing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, which is the leading cause for global warming that endangers survival chances for living species. However, recent interest surged in renewable energy for clean and sustainable power production and consumption. With the deployment of renewable energy in the past years, dependence on fossil fuel was supposed to have declined, and consequently, GHG emissions, especially CO2. The aim of this research is to study the effect of population growth against fossil fuel consumption producing these emissions, in addition to the impact of renewable energy consumption that alternatively reduces GHG emissions. The outcome of the proposed topic represents comprehensive findings that relate population growth with global energy consumption against GHG emissions over the past few decades. This is achieved based on recent statistical applications and methodologies including linear regression models, and prediction models, which are applied to study the interaction of annual CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and population during, almost, the past fifty years. Additionally, according to the results, the presented null hypothesis is rejected as the current trend does not comply with the Paris agreement.
Dynamic Time Analysis of the Composite Shear Wall on the Grid-tube-type Double Steel Plate Wall with Infilled Concrete
Authors: Li Biqing , Li Jinbao , Xu Wenping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, based on a 30-story building with frame-core tube structure system, three comparative schemes are established of reinforced concrete core tube construction, steel-reinforced concrete core tube construction and the combined shear wall core tube structure with the grid-tube-type double steel plate wall with infilled concrete are established, and the dynamic elastoplastic time history is analyzed. Research shows that under the influence of a severe earthquake, the lateral strength degradation and stiffness degradation are slow on the Joint structural system of concrete filled steel tubular frame and composite shear wall core tube structure with the grid-tube-type double steel plate wall with infilled concrete, so interlayer shear force and bottom shear force increase, structural lateral stiffness increased significantly, interlayer displacement angle reduces significantly, and it improves the seismic performance of tall building.
Plane Accuracy of Aerophotogrammetry without Image Control Points of DJI PHANTOM 4 RTK UAV
Authors: Xiu Chun , Li Zhengxu , Duan Haiqin , Lu Xin , Ma Tianran , Shan Chunzhi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have good operability, low cost and high production efficiency in the low-altitude aerophotogrammetry. In this paper, the checkpoint coordinate data of low-altitude aerophotogrammetry from DJI PHANTOM 4 RTK UAV in the image-free controlled model are compared with the measured data of GNSS RTK. The results show that the maximum errors of the plane coordinates of checkpoints extracted by UAV were 0.067 m and 0.045 m in X-direction and Y-direction respectively and the plane mean square error (PMSE) was ± 0.051 m, which meet the rules of the national standard and industrial standard. Therefore, the low-altitude aerophotogrammetry of DJI PHANTOM 4 RTK UAV without the image control points can be effectively applied to large-scale surveying and mapping in small areas.
Research on the Leap Second Adjustment Methods in BDS
Authors: Cheng Mengfei , Xue Shenhui , Wang Yupu , Li Boyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Since July 31st 2020, BDS-3 provides service formally, in the open service, BDS-3 reserves old type signals B1I\B3I in BDS-2, and adds new type signals B1C\B2a\B2b. Because users misunderstand how to work out the leap second, some user terminals didn’t successfully complete BDT to UTC on June 30st 2015 and 31 December 31st 2016 in time in BDS-2. Compared with BDS-2, BDS-3 has not experience leap second yet, this paper introduces the leap second process in BDS-3 Radio Navigation Satellite Service (RNSS), explains the meanings of time synchronization parameters of BDT to UTC in new type signals, and shows the leap second computational examples, helping user terminals in BDS-3 to complete their leap second adjustment. It is of an active guiding significance and great reference value for user receivers of BDS-3, and is beneficial to BDS-3 timing service promotion.
Study on the Influence of Socio-economic Activities on PM2.5 in Henan Province Based on Principal Component Regression Analysis
Authors: Yan Wei , Hou Shuangshuang , Zhou Feng , Liu Minghua , Sun Haihua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the context of increasingly serious haze pollution in Henan Province, which is harmful to human health, it is important to clarify the impact of socio-economic activities on PM2.5, the key indicator of haze. Here, based on the analysis of the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of PM2.5 concentration in Henan Province during 2015-2018, this paper combined the data of ten socio-economic indicators and adopted the principal component regression (PCR) analysis method to explore the influence of socio-economic activities on PM2.5 concentration. The results showed that the annual average concentration of PM2.5 during 2015-2018 ranged from 59.0 μg/m3 to 83.8 μg/m3, with a decreasing rate of -5.955 μg/(m3·a). Spatial distribution of PM2.5 showed “high in the north and low in the south”, and the PM2.5 concentration in Anyang, Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo and Xinxiang were more than 75μg/m3, indicating a slightly polluted state. Among all the socio-economic indicators, gross domestic product (GDP), population density (PD), industrial value-added (IVA) and actual utilization of foreign capital (AUFC) played main positive roles in PM2.5 from 2015 to 2018 but with a diminishing trend, and afforestation area (AA) played a negative role in PM2.5. In addition, the effect of the sown area of major crops (SAMC) on PM2.5 was negative with enhanced before 2018 and reversed in 2018. Our findings can provide a basis for the government to formulate PM2.5 control policies.
Analysis of Marine environmental impact of shipping bulk liquid chemical spills
Authors: Lihong Qian , Xiaoqing Zhen , YouPing Shou , Yuxing Zhu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the current transportation status and problems of bulk liquid chemicals in China, and analyzes the impact of typical chemical leakage in Yangkou port on Marine environment. The movement trajectory of Insoluble liquid bulk cargo is greatly affected by meteorological conditions and Marine hydrological conditions after they leak into the sea. The location, tidal period and amount of leakage are the main influencing factors for the difference of environmental risks of chemical leakage.
Numerical study of drill string uncertainty in acoustic information transmission
Authors: Xie Haiming , Zhang Peifen , Zhou Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Acoustic data transmission in drill string is one of the effective methods to solve the bottleneck of downhole information transmission speed, but its channel characteristics are mainly affected by the structural changes of string. In the process of drilling, the downhole BHA changes constantly according to the well condition, and the shape of drill string changes indefinitely under the condition of wear and force, which leads to the uncertainty of acoustic channel. Through the numerical simulation analysis, we can get the channel changes of drill string in different shapes, and analyze the main factors that affect the information transmission. The size inconsistency of multiple drill strings will lead to the deterioration of the channel characteristics to a certain extent, but the aperiodic drilling tool structure in the channel will cause a significant change in the transmission characteristics.
Characteristics of land use change Tupu in Shandong province based on multi-source data
Authors: Zhao Yuntai , Zhang Wenhui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid pace of urbanization in China and people’s increasingly high requirements for living environment, human activities on land demand are increasing. Based on the theory and method of Geo-information Tupu, we synthesize the land use change Tupu of Shandong province during the period 2010-2018 by taking the remote sensing interpretation data as the spatial data source, so as to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern of land use change in Shandong province in recent years. The results show that: (1) the main types of land use change in Shandong province are the mutual transformation of cropland and construction land and the transformation of cropland and construction land to water area. (2) in terms of space, “ construction land→ water area” and“ cropland→ construction land” have the most concentrated distribution. The former is significantly distributed in the coastal areas of Binzhou, Dongying and Weifang. (3) the transfer of cropland into related land use change types, with larger area, smaller spatial separation and more concentrated distribution; The transfer area of woodland is small, and the spatial separation degree is large. (4) in general, the cropland area is decreasing while the construction land area is increasing.
Vegetation and vascular plant diversity of Huzhou Island, Huizhou, China
Authors: Liu Hui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Human activities have an increasingly severe impact on uninhabited islands. It is beneficial to monitor and protect the vegetation diversity of uninhabited islands to master the species composition and diversity of plant communities. The vascular plants and plant communities of Huzhou Island were investigated by sample plot method. The plant species diversity was analyzed. The results showed that there were 98 species of vascular plants belonging to 88 genera and 49 families in the island. Among them, tropical and subtropical families were dominant the island. The genera floristic distribution of vascular plants was mainly pantropic distribution and secondly old word tropic distribution.The vegetation in the island could be classified into 1 vegetation type (monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation), 1 alliance (coastal hilly monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest) and 2 associations (Ficus microcarpa and Eucalyptus urophylla - Myrtle). The change trend of community richness, evenness and diversity was consistent. This study can provide scientific data for resource protection and development of uninhabited island.
Three dimensional evaluation on soil improvement effect of saline alkali soil in Yellow River Delta
Authors: Han Mingzhang , Gao Mingxiu , Yang Jianhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is necessary to evaluate the effect of soil improvement after land consolidation for productivity improvement, but the current evaluation method is relatively single. In this paper, based on the data of soil salt content from monitoring and sampling, the statistical characteristics were analyzed by SPSS software, and the three-dimensional distribution map was constructed by using GMS10.0 software for IDW interpolation. The results showed that the soil salt content in 2019 decreased significantly by 31.29% compared with that in 2018 from the characteristics of cultivated layer, and the effect of soil improvement was obvious. From the profile characteristics, the soil salt content in the study area is characterized by “surface accumulation”. The salt content of soil profile decreased significantly at maize maturity stage compared with that before sowing. The decrease rates of soil salt content at different depths were 70.11% (0-20cm), 77.43% (20-40cm), 77.31% (40-60cm), 83.34% (60-80cm) and 65.26% (80-100cm), respectively. The decrease rate of 60-80cm soil layer was the largest. The results can be used as a reference for single index or comprehensive index three-dimensional visualization evaluation of soil improvement effect.
Recent Tectonic Stress Field in Northwest Yunnan Province
Authors: Fan Wenjie , Yao Xiuyi , Cui Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Based on the collected focal mechanism solutions of M≥3.0 earthquakes in Northwest Yunnan from 2000 to 2018, we used Michael’s linear inversion method to perform stress tensor inversion, and attempted to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the tectonic stress field in Northwest Yunnan. The results show that the types of focal mechanism solutions of earthquakes in Northwest Yunnan are complex, mainly strike-slip faulting earthquakes (46%), followed by normal faulting earthquakes (27%). The direction of maximum principal stress in the study area is NNW near NS direction, and the direction of minimum principal stress is ENE direction. It shows that the study area is subjected to horizontal compression from NNW near NS direction. According to the variation of the stress tensor variance over time, M≥5.0 earthquakes in the study area mainly occurred when the stress tensor variance was lower than 0.2. Most earthquakes occur when the variance of the stress tensor decreases, that is, when the focal mechanism solutions tend to be consistent. And these earthquakes mostly occur in the low value area of the variance and its edge.
NIR molecule induced self-assembled nanoparticles for synergistic in vivo chemo-photothermal therapy of bladder cancer
Authors: Zhu Guanchen , Zhang Qingfeng , Zhao Xiaozhi , Zhang Qing , Chen Wei , Xu Linfeng , Zhao Sheng , Wang Kaikai , Liu Tianqing , Guo Hongqian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the commonest malignancies in the urinary system. Bladder cancer is divided into non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) according to the depth of invasion. Besides, the prognosis of MIBC remains poor. Surgical resection combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is the standard treatment for MIBC. However, the major obstacle that hinders successful chemotherapy is its lack of tumor targeting. Here, we fabricated nanoparticles that respond to near-infrared laser irradiation in order to increase the drug accumulation at the tumor sites and combine chemotherapy with photothermal therapy to overcome challenges of bladder cancer treatment. IR780 and Doxorubicin (DOX) were loaded into albumin nanoparticles (IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs). In the process of IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs synthesis, the near-infrared molecule IR780 was used as the assembly molecular bridge. Under irradiation, the nanoparticles were decomposed due to the degradation of IR780 while the release of DOX increased. Nanoparticles can be ingested by tumor cells in a short time. The IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs were sensitive to near-infrared laser irradiation. Near-infrared laser irradiation can promote the release of the drugs from the nanoparticles and induce a photothermal effect, thus destroying the tumor cells. Given the excellent tumor-targeting ability and negligible toxicity to normal tissue, IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs can greatly increase the concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs in tumor cells. This study combines photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to treat MIBC, so as to avoid chemotherapy resistance, reduce the toxicity to normal cells, and achieve the purpose of improving the treatment of MIBC.
First-principles calculations on FeWB bulk and FeWB(001)/α-Fe(111) interface
Authors: Zhuang Dengming , Liu Ying , Jin Na , Li Jun , Cao Zhinan , Zhang Jiteng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
FeWB bulk and FeWB(001)/α-Fe(111) interface were studied by first-principles calculations. FeWB bulk bonding has the mixed characteristics of metallicity, covalency and ionicity, among which the metallicity is the most obvious. Such combination endows FeWB with promising toughness and excellent electrical conductivity. Adhesion work, W

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, was calculated for twelve different interfacial structures, taking into account four terminations of FeWB(001) and three stacking sequences. The B(Fe)-terminated center-site stacking interface is the most stable with the smallest interface distance and the largest W

ad
. Fe-B and W-B bond lengths at the interface are even shorter than those in FeWB bulk. By comparing the interface fracture work G with W

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, it is found that the interface fracture position has a certain occasionality, but it tends to occur in FeWB bulk. According to the results of density of states, we concluded the B(Fe)-terminated center-site stacking interface is a metallic/covalent mixing nature, while the combination of top-site stacking interface is mainly covalent bonds.