bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-speed Atomic Force Microscope Technology: A Review
Authors: Li Peng , Xu Ke , An Qiang 
Published: August 2021

:The atomic force microscope (AFM) is widely used in many fields such as biology, materials, and physics due to its advantages of simple sample preparation, high-resolution topography measurement and wide range of applications. However, the low scanning speed of traditional AFM limits its dynamics process monitoring and other further application. Therefore, the improvement of AFM scanning speed has become more and more important. In this review, the working principle of AFM is first proposed. Then, we introduce the improvements of cantilever, drive mechanism, and control method of the high-speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM). Finally, we provide the next developments of HS-AFM.
Nanocrystals: A Strategic Approach for the Development of Futuristic
Nano-formulations and their Patenting Applicability
Authors: Goel Surya , Agarwal Vijay , Sachdeva Monika 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Nanocrystals have been found as potent, beneficial, and advantageous
nanocarrier systems for ameliorating the solubility, bioavailability and permeability of those drug
candidates that are less water-soluble and permeable. Such an approach possesses many
complications that require more research work.

Objective:
The main objective of the manuscript is to prepare a review on all the aspects of
nanocrystals that includes their advantages, recent advancements, preparation methods, recent
patents, marketed products, and some patents related to their characterization techniques.

Methods:
This manuscript has been accrued through the help of online and offline journals, books,
and other accessible sources. This field involves new developments or inventions in the novel
nanocarrier system.

Results:
Nanocrystals have been found to exhibit better potentiality to sort out different problems
like poor drug absorption, drug-associated side effects, targeted drug delivery. In the last decade,
these nanocarriers have been opted for resolving the problem produced due to less soluble drugs. By
conducting more research, this field can be more beneficial to the health sector.

Conclusion:
Nanocrystals contribute significantly to deliver several drugs via different routes like
topical, oral ophthalmic, pulmonary and parenteral. This manuscript substantially shows the
applicability and importance of nanocrystals as a drug delivery carrier to treat various health issues.
Effect of Metal and Non-metal Doping on the Photocatalytic Performance
of Titanium dioxide (TiO2): A Review
Authors: Aljaafari Abdullah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a known semiconducting material that has been effectively
used in photo-catalytic processes to promote environmental sustainability. It can also reduce the environmental
chaos caused by fossil fuel combustion to meet energy demands. Many studies have
proposed modifications of the large band gap in TiO2, which causes visible light activation during
photocatalytic reactions when exposed to UV light radiation. Therefore, many alterations, such as the
doping of nonmetals and metals to TiO2, have been investigated. In this review, we discuss advanced
preparation techniques for TiO2 with various dopants and techniques. Characterization methods were
performed to evaluate the structural, morphological, and optical properties of TiO2 doped with metal
and nonmetal ions, such as S, C, N, Fe, B, W, Ag, Nb, and Zn, by various synthesis methods. We
also explored the experimental and other characteristics to determine the best doping component for
use in real-time applications.
High Expression of MYL9 Indicates Poor Clinical Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Deng Yuao , Liu Longyang , Feng Weifeng , Lin Zhongqiu , Ning Yingxia , Luo Xin 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is poor, but the prognostic
biomarkers are neither sensitive nor specific. Therefore, it is very important to search novel
prognostic biomarkers for EOC.

Objectives:
The present study aimed to investigate Myosin Light Chain 9(MYL9) expression in
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) tissues (including paraffin-embedded and fresh tissue samples)
and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics, as well as its potential prognostic value
in patients with EOC.

Methods:
Between March 2009 and December 2018, all of 184 paraffin-embedded cancer tissues
from patients with EOC and 41 paratumor tissues, pathologically confirmed at the Memorial Hospital
of Sun Yat-sen University and Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern
Medical University, were collected for the present study and were assessed for MYL9 protein expression
patterns using Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Furthermore, from August 2013 to November
2019, 16 fresh EOC tissues and their paired paratumor tissues, pathologically confirmed at the
Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University were analyzed
using Reverse-Transcription Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect MYL9 mRNA expression levels.

Results:
The results showed that MYL9 expression was higher in cancer tissues compared with
that in paratumor tissues, and MYL9 overexpression was associated with shorter Recurrence Free
Survival (RFS) and Overall Survival (OS) of EOC patients. Furthermore, multivariate Cox model
analysis indicated that MYL9 overexpression was an independent poor survival prediction in patients
with EOC.

Conclusion:
MYL9 is upregulated in EOC and may serve as a useful patent of prognostic biomarker
in EOC, and it may demonstrate an important value for the clinical treatment and supervision of
patients with EOC.
CRISPER/Cas in Plant Natural Product Research: Therapeutics as Anticancer and other Drug Candidates and Recent Patents
Authors: Dey Abhijit , Nandy Samapika 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated9 (Cas9) endonuclease system is a facile, highly efficient and selective site‐directed mutagenesis tool for RNA-guided genome-editing. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing strategy uses designed guide-RNAs that recognize a 3 base-pair protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence in the target-DNA. CRISPR/Cas-editing tools have mainly been employed in crop plants in relation to yield and stress tolerance. However, the immense potential of this technology has not yet been fully utilized in medicinal plants in deciphering or modulating secondary metabolic pathways, producing therapeutically active phytochemicals against cancer and other diseases.

Objective:
The present review elucidates the use of CRISPR-Cas9 as a promising genome-editing tool in plants and plant-derived natural products with anticancer and other therapeutic applications. It also includes recent patents on the therapeutic applications of CRISPR-CAS systems implicated in cancer and other human medical conditions.

Methods:
Popular search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google Patents, Medline, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, EMBASE, Mendeley etc., were searched in order to retrieve literature using relevant keywords viz. CRISPER/Cas, plant natural product research, anticancer, therapeutics etc., either singly or in various combinations.

Results:
Retrieved citations and further cross-referencing among the literature have produced a total number of 71 publications and 3 patents cited in this work. Information presented in this review aims to support further biotechnological and clinical strategies to be carried using CRISPER/Cas mediated optimization of natural plant products against cancer and an array of other human medical conditions.

Conclusion:
Off late, knock-in and knock-out, point mutation, controlled tuning of gene-expression, and targeted mutagenesis have been enabled the versatile CRISPR/Cas-editing device to engineer medicinal plants’ genomes. In addition, by combining CRISPR/Cas-editing tools with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and various tools of system biology, many medicinal plants have been engineered genetically to optimize the production of valuable bioactive compounds of industrial significance.
A Review of DNA Data Storage Technologies Based on Biomolecules
Authors: Zhang Lichao , Lv Yuanyuan , Xu Lei , Zhou Murong 
Published: August 2021

:
In the information age, data storage technology has become the key to improving computer
systems. Since traditional storage technologies cannot meet the demand for massive storage, new DNA
storage technology based on biomolecules attracts much attention. DNA storage refers to the technology
that uses artificially synthesized deoxynucleotide chains to store and read all information, such as documents,
pictures, and audio. First, data are encoded into binary number strings. Then, the four types of
base, A(Adenine), T(Thymine), C(Cytosine), and G(Guanine), are used to encode the corresponding binary
numbers so that the data can be used to construct the target DNA molecules in the form of deoxynucleotide
chains. Subsequently, the corresponding DNA molecules are artificially synthesized, enabling
the data to be stored within them. Compared with traditional storage systems, DNA storage has
major advantages, such as high storage density, long duration, as well as low hardware cost, high access
parallelism, and strong scalability, which satisfies the demands for big data storage. This manuscript
first reviews the origin and development of DNA storage technology, then the storage principles, contents,
and methods are introduced. Finally, the development of DNA storage technology is analyzed.
From the initial research to the cutting edge of this field and beyond, the advantages, disadvantages, and
practical applications of DNA storage technology require continuous exploration.
Mini-Review on SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Neurological Manifestations: A Perspective
Authors: Chavda Vishal , Jan Arif Tasleem , Yadav Dhananjay 
Published: August 2021

:The coronavirus, also known as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-19), with its rapid rate of transmission, has progressed with a great impact on respiratory function and mortality worldwide. The nasal cavity is the promising gateway of SARS-CoV-2 to reach the brain via systemic circulatory distribution. Recent reports have revealed that the loss of involuntary process of breathing control into the brainstem that results in death is a signal of neurological involvement. Early neurological symptoms, like loss of smell, convulsions, and ataxia, are the clues of the involvement of the central nervous system that makes the entry of SARS-CoV-2 further fatal and life-threatening, requiring artificial respiration and emergency admission in hospitals. Studies performed on patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 has revealed three-stage involvement of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Direct involvement of CNS with headache, ataxia, dizziness, altered or impaired consciousness, acute stroke or seizures as major symptoms, peripheral involvement with impaired taste, smell, vision, and altered nociception, and skeletal muscle impairment that includes skeletal muscle disorders leading to acute paralysis in a particular area of the body. In the previous era, most studied and researched viruses were beta coronavirus and mouse hepatitis virus, which were studied for acute and chronic encephalitis and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Although the early symptoms of SARS-CoV are respiratory pathogenesis, the differential diagnosis should always be considered for neurological perspective to stop the mortalities.
HPLC-UV Method Development and Validation for Sulfadoxine from its Potential Interfering Impurities
Authors: Gadhari Nayan S. , Gholave Jayram V. , Patil Suyog S. , Patil Ajay R. , Shelke Kiran F. , Patil Viswanath R. , Upadhyay Sharad S. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To address the separation of interfering potential impurities associated with
the drug is always a daunting task. We present the method validation and quantitative determination
of sulfadoxine (SUL), an anti-malarial drug with the most important interfering impurities present
in pharmaceutical dosages and bulk samples using HPLC-UV method.

Methods:
The UV detection was obtained at 270 nm and SUL is separated on Sunfire C18 (25 cm
x 4.6 mm x 5 μm) column at 45°C with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in a mobile phase (CH3COOH:
CH3CN). The stress testing (acidic/basic/oxidative) was performed using HPLC for SUL and its
impurities, showing the highly efficient separation peaks between degradant and drug products.

Results:
The developed method was found to be highly accurate and sensitive in regulation with
ICH guidelines. Also, it was found to be free from interference from degradation products which allows
the stability indicating capability of developed HPLC-UV method for SUL for validation in
bulk drugs.

Conclusion:
The main advantages of the present method; (a) Separation achieved in 30 minutes,
(b) MS compatible mobile phase renders this developed method can be directly adapted to LC-MS
without any major modifications in the near future, and (c) separation of twelve impurities on Sunfire
C18 column. The CFs (correction factors) had been calculated for all the impurities. It was
found to be 1.6 (IMP IX), 1.70 (IMP XI) and in between 0.8-1.3 for all other impurities. The LOD
of the developed method for all the analytes was in the range of 0.05 to 0.11 μg/mL and the LOQ
values were in the range of 0.17 to 0.36 μg/mL.
Dual Metal Triple-Gate-Dielectric (DM_TGD) Tunnel Field Effect Transistor: A Novel Structure for Future Energy Efficient Device
Authors: Singh Ajay Kumar , Fui Tan Chun 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Power reduction is a serious design concern for submicron logic circuits,
which can be achieved by scaling the supply voltage. Modern Field Effect Transistor (FET) circuits
require at least 60 mV of gate voltage for better current drive at room temperature. The tunnel Field
Effect Transistor (TFET) is a leading future device due to its steep Subthreshold Swing (SS), which
makes its ideal device at low power supply. Steep switching TFET can extend the supply voltage
scaling with improved energy efficiency for both digital and analog applications. These devices suffer
from large ambipolar current, which cannot be reduced using Dual Metal Gate (DMG) alone.
Gate dielectric materials play a key role in suppressing the ambipolar current.

Objective:
This paper presents a new structure known as Triple-Gate-Dielectric (DM_TGD) TFET,
which combines the dielectric and work function engineering to solve these problems.

Methods:
Because high dielectric material alone as gate oxide increases the fringing fields, which
results in higher gate capacitance. The proposed structure uses DMG with three dielectric gate materials
titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2). This structure has
been simulated using 2-D ATLAS simulator in terms of drive current (Ion), ambipolar current (Iamb)
and transconductance (gm).

Results:
The device offers better gm, lower SS, lower leakage and larger drive currents due to
weaker insulating barriers at the tunneling junction. Furthermore, higher effective dielectric constant
gives better gate coupling and lower trap density.

Conclusion:
The proposed structure suppresses the ambipolar current and enhances the drive current
with reduced SCEs.
Withdrawal Notice: A Novelistic Approach for Delivering of API through a Transvermillion Route: An updated review
Authors: Singh Bhavana , Madhav N V Satheesh 
Published: August 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Current Drug Research Reviews due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submit- ting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Framework for the Design of Cannabis-Mediated Phase I Drug-Drug
Interaction Studies
Authors: Shuster Diana L. , Pastino Gina , Cerneus Dirk 
Published: August 2021

:
Cannabis has become legal in much of the United States similar to many other countries,
for either recreational or medical use. The use of cannabis products is rapidly increasing while the
body of knowledge of its myriad of effects still lags. In vitro and clinical data show that cannabis’
main constituents, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, can affect pharmacokinetics (PK),
safety, and pharmacodynamics (PD) of other drugs. Within the context of clinical drug development,
the widespread and frequent use of cannabis products has essentially created another special population:
the cannabis user. We propose that all clinical drug development programs include a Phase 1
study to assess the drug-drug interaction potential of cannabis as a precipitant on the PK, safety, and if
applicable, the PD of all new molecular entities (NMEs) in a combination of healthy adult subjects as
well as frequent and infrequent cannabis users. This data should be required to inform drug labeling
and aid health care providers in treating any patient, as cannabis has quickly become another common
concomitant medication and cannabis users, a new special population.
Eco Business Initiatives among Malaysian SME Green Technology Companies
Authors: Buyong Siti Zahrah , Syed Marzuki Sharifah Zannierah , Junid Junainah , Abdul Kadir Mohd Ali Bahari 
Published: August 2021

Environmental problems are becoming more prevalent not only in Malaysia but globally as well. The most serious issue that has been posted is the lack of explicit environmental protection capabilities. According to the results of this study, regulations, consumer pressure, and social responsibility have a significant association with planned market benefits thus, have a wide-ranging effect, as they serve as a critical component in facilitating the company operating system's adoption of green practices. The country is heading to be a technologically advanced economy that is from material production to manufacturing and at the same time ensuring that sustainability is achieved.

Keywords: eco-business; Malaysian; SME; green

eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2827
Assessment on Accuracy of Design Science Research (DSR) Framework as a Daylighting Measurement Tool for Islamic Religious School
Authors: Raja Mohd Yazit Raja Nur Syaheeza , Mohd Husini Elina , Khamis Mohd Khedzir , Dodo Yakubu Aminu 
Published: August 2021

Daylight efficiency correlates to window design. Guidelines recommend a 20 per cent window-to-floor ratio (WFR) at 900mm windowsill height, where acceptable 300 lx to 500 lx measured at 900mm working plane height. However, Islamic religious schools use a 300mm height table known as ‘rehal’. Studies neglect the difference in required working plane height that effect window design and the illuminance level. A study was established to propose Syaheeza’s Daylight Rule of Thumb (DRT) for Islamic religious schools. This paper aims to highlight the reliability of the methodology framework used in Syaheeza’s DRT, such as surveys, Arabic handwriting performance assessment and computer simulations.
Keywords: Daylighting; Islamic religious school; methodology framework
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2877
Company Performance during Covid-19: Impact of Leverage, Liquidity and Cash Flows
Authors: Shaharuddin Sara Naquia Hanim , Mahmud Radziah , Mohd Azhari Nor Khadijah , Perwitasari Widya 
Published: August 2021

Due to the movement control order, company performance is predicted to be highly affected by Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, this study seeks to examine the impact of leverage, liquidity and cash flows from operations towards company performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. Using secondary data from public listed companies on Bursa Malaysia with two financial quarters in the financial year 2020, it is found that there is a significant impact of liquidity and cash flows from operations on company performance. This study may contribute as additional literature to future studies and provide sights to regulators in dealing with the pandemic outbreak.
Keywords: Covid-19; leverage; liquidity; cash flows
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2878