bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid RANS–LES Simulation of Turbulent Heat Transfer in a Channel Flow With Imposed Streamwise or Spanwise Mean Temperature Gradient
Authors: Shobayo Olalekan O. , Walters D. Keith 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are presented for turbulent flow and heat transfer in a plane channel. This study investigates an idealized fully developed planar channel flow case for which the mean velocity gradient is nonzero only in the wall-normal direction, and the mean temperature gradient is imposed to be uniform and nonzero in the streamwise or spanwise direction. The objective is to evaluate the accuracy of turbulent heat flux predictions using hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)–large eddy simulation (LES) models in wall-bounded flows. Results are obtained at Prandtl number of 0.71 and Reynolds number of 180 based on wall friction velocity and channel half-height and are compared to available direct numerical simulation (DNS) data and to a well-validated RANS model (k–ω shear-stress transport (SST)). The specific hybrid RANS–LES (HRL) models investigated include delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES), improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES), and dynamic hybrid RANS–LES (DHRL). The DHRL model includes both the standard formulation that has been previously documented in the literature as well as a modified version specifically developed to improve predictive capability for flows in which the mean velocity and mean temperature gradients are not closely aligned. The modification consists of using separate RANS-to-LES blending parameters in the momentum and energy equations. Results are interrogated to evaluate the performance of the three different model types and specifically to evaluate the performance of the new modified DHRL variant compared with the baseline version.
Shifting Attributions, Shaping Behavior: A Brief Intervention With Youth Tennis Players
Authors: Moffat Zoe Louise , McCarthy Paul Joseph , McCann Bryan 
Published: May 2021

This case reports a brief attribution-retraining (AR) intervention with youth tennis players. Athletes were struggling to maintain emotional control, resulting in problematic on-court behavior (e.g., racket throwing). The intervention used a Think Aloud protocol and AR across five key phases: (a) assessment, (b) psychoeducation, (c) AR, (d) evaluation, and (e) follow-up. The authors determined intervention effectiveness using qualitative (Think Aloud) and quantitative (Causal Dimension Scale-II) athlete data and feedback provided by athletes and the coach, alongside practitioner reflections. Evaluation suggested that AR and Think Aloud interventions can improve athletes’ emotional control and attribution capabilities, and, in turn, their behavior. The case seeks to present a novel approach to working with youth athletes, highlighting the importance of practitioner adaptability.
Jumping Test for Assessing Peak Power in Female Volleyball and Football Players
Authors: Krawczyk Marcin , Pociecha Mariusz , Kozioł Paulina , Stepek Aleksandra , Gębica Gabriela 
Published: May 2021

The countermovement jump test (CMJ) is commonly used as an indicator of the anaerobic capacity of the lower limbs. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the CMJ with arm swing and the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) among female volleyball and football players. A group of first league female volleyball club players (VG, n = 12, age = 24.2 years), a group of first league female football club players (FG, n = 12, age = 20.6 years), and a control group (CG, n = 10, age = 20.4 years) participated in this research. The measurements of selected somatic features were carried out. The CMJ and WAnT were used to assess the explosive strength and maximum muscle power of the lower extremities. An analysis of variance test demonstrated differences between the VG and FG in terms of height (p < .001), body weight (p < .001), and lean body mass (p < .001). In the FG and VG groups, correlations between CMJ and maximum anaerobic power as determined by WAnT were r = .82 and r = .57, respectively. There was not statistically significant differences between values of these coefficients. The obtained results showed a potentially lean body mass influence on the results of the CMJ in VG. In women’s football and volleyball, the results of the CMJ are strongly correlated with the power parameters registered with the WAnT. In volleyball, players’ coaches should include a measurement of lean body mass in the assessment peak power by vertical jump tests.
Challenges in reported COVID-19 data: best practices and recommendations for future epidemics
Authors: Badker Rinette , Miller Kierste , Pardee Chris , Oppenheim Ben , Stephenson Nicole , Ash Benjamin , Philippsen Tanya , Ngoon Christopher , Savage Partrick , Lam Cathine , Madhav Nita 
Published: May 2021

The proliferation of composite data sources tracking the COVID-19 pandemic emphasises the need for such databases during large-scale infectious disease events as well as the potential pitfalls due to the challenges of combining disparate data sources. Multiple organisations have attempted to standardise the compilation of disparate data from multiple sources during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, each composite data source can use a different approach to compile data and address data issues with varying results.We discuss some best practices for researchers endeavouring to create such compilations while discussing three key categories of challenges: (1) data dissemination, which includes discrepant estimates and varying data structures due to multiple agencies and reporting sources generating public health statistics on the same event; (2) data elements, such as date formats and location names, lack standardisation, and differing spatial and temporal resolutions often create challenges when combining sources; and (3) epidemiological factors, including missing data, reporting lags, retrospective data corrections and changes to case definitions that cannot easily be addressed by the data compiler but must be kept in mind when reviewing the data.Efforts to reform the global health data ecosystem should bear such challenges in mind. Standards and best practices should be developed and incorporated to yield more robust, transparent and interoperable data. Since no standards exist yet, we have highlighted key challenges in creating a comprehensive spatiotemporal view of outbreaks from multiple, often discrepant, reporting sources and provided guidelines to address them. In general, we caution against an over-reliance on fully automated systems for integrating surveillance data and strongly advise that epidemiological experts remain engaged in the process of data assessment, integration, validation and interpretation to identify, diagnose and resolve data challenges.
Diversity and inclusion in simulation: addressing ethical and psychological safety concerns when working with simulated participants
Authors: Picketts Leanne , Warren Marika Dawn , Bohnert Carrie 
Published: May 2021

Healthcare learners can gain necessary experience working with diverse and priority communities through human simulation. In this context, simulated participants (SPs) may be recruited for specific roles because of their appearance, lived experience or identity. Although one of the benefits of simulation is providing learners with practice where the risk of causing harm to patients in the clinical setting is reduced, simulation shifts the potential harm from real patients to SPs. Negative effects of tokenism, misrepresentation, stereotyping or microaggressions may be amplified when SPs are recruited for personal characteristics or lived experience. Educators have an ethical obligation to promote diversity and inclusion; however, we are also obliged to mitigate harm to SPs.The goals of simulation (fulfilling learning objectives safely, authentically and effectively) and curricular obligations to address diverse and priority communities can be in tension with one another; valuing educational benefits might cause educators to deprioritise safety concerns. We explore this tension using a framework of diversity practices, ethics and values and simulation standards of best practice. Through the lens of healthcare ethics, we draw on the ways clinical research can provide a model for how ethical concerns can be approached in simulation, and suggest strategies to uphold authenticity and safety while representing diverse and priority communities. Our objective is not to provide a conclusive statement about how values should be weighed relative to each other, but to offer a framework to guide the complex process of weighing potential risks and benefits when working with diverse and priority communities.
Oral nicotine marketing claims in direct-mail advertising
Authors: Czaplicki Lauren , Patel Minal , Rahman Basmah , Yoon Stephanie , Schillo Barbara , Rose Shyanika W 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundLittle is known regarding how oral nicotine products (eg, nicotine pouches, lozenges) are marketed to consumers, including whether potential implicit reduced harm claims are used. In the current study, we explored the marketing claims present in a sample of direct-mail oral nicotine advertisements sent to US consumers (March 2018–August 2020).MethodsDirect-mail ads (n=50) were acquired from Mintel and dual-coded for the following claims: alternative to other tobacco products, ability to use anywhere, spit-free, smoke-free and product does not contain tobacco leaf. We merged the coded data with Mintel’s volume estimate (number of mail pieces sent to consumers) and calculated the proportion of oral nicotine advertisements containing claims by category.ResultsOf the 38 million pieces of oral nicotine direct-mail sent to US consumers, most featured claims that the product could be used anywhere (84%, 31.8 million pieces); was an alternative to other tobacco products (69%, 26.1 million pieces); and did not contain tobacco leaf (eg, ‘tobacco leaf-free’, ‘simple’ approach of extracting nicotine from tobacco; 55%, 20.7 million pieces). A slightly smaller proportion contained claims that oral nicotine was ‘spit-free’ (52%, 19.8 million pieces) or ‘smoke-free’ (31%, 11.7 million pieces).ConclusionOur results provide an early indication of marketing claims used to promote oral nicotine. The strategies documented, particularly the use of language to highlight oral nicotine is tobacco-free, may covey these products as lower-risk to consumers despite the lack of evidence or proper federal authorisation that oral nicotine products are a modified-risk tobacco product. Future research is needed to examine consumer perceptions of such claims.
Developing SonReb models to predict the compressive strength of concrete using different percentage of recycled brick aggregate
Authors: Thapa Sheetal , Sharma Richi Prasad , Halder Lipika 
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between nondestructive and destructive tests in concrete cubes using different ratios of normal stone and recycled brick as coarse aggregates. Variations in the grade of concrete, density, and age were considered to make the model prediction more efficient in places where the use of recycled brick aggregates is common. Normal concrete grades M20, M25, and M30 were considered having density variation by replacing stone with recycled brick aggregate, and age by testing concrete strength at 7, 28, and 84 days. A regression model was created using artificial neural networks and multiple regression analyses. The study showed that the regression model developed using an artificial neural network predicted better results. The models obtained from the experiment were compared with other models provided by different authors. The study also considered the effect of using recycled brick aggregate in nondestructive tests and the modulus of concrete.
Beam blow up due to beamstrahlung in circular e$$^+$$e$$^-$$ colliders
Authors: Valdivia Garcia M. A. , Zimmermann F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAfter the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, several future circular colliders — Higgs factories — are proposed, such as FCC-ee and CEPC. At these e$$^+$$

+

e$$^-$$

-

colliders, beamstrahlung can greatly affect the equilibrium bunch length and energy spread. If the dispersion function at the collision point is not zero, beamstrahlung will also increase the transverse emittances. In this paper, we derive analytical formulae for the equilibrium beam parameters, considering the varying electromagnetic field during the collision, and taking into account hourglass effect, crossing angle, and crab waist. We illustrate the importance of beamstrahlung, including the increase of bunch length and the implied tolerance on the spurious dispersion function at the collision point, by considering a few examples.
Reinforcement Learning–based Collective Entity Alignment with Adaptive Features
Authors: Zeng Weixin , Zhao Xiang , Tang Jiuyang , Lin Xuemin , Groth Paul 
Published: May 2021

Entity alignment (EA) is the task of identifying the entities that refer to the same real-world object but are located in different knowledge graphs (KGs). For entities to be aligned, existing EA solutions treat them separately and generate alignment results as ranked lists of entities on the other side. Nevertheless, this decision-making paradigm fails to take into account the interdependence among entities. Although some recent efforts mitigate this issue by imposing the 1-to-1 constraint on the alignment process, they still cannot adequately model the underlying interdependence and the results tend to be sub-optimal.
To fill in this gap, in this work, we delve into the dynamics of the decision-making process, and offer a reinforcement learning (RL)–based model to align entities collectively. Under the RL framework, we devise the coherence and exclusiveness constraints to characterize the interdependence and restrict collective alignment. Additionally, to generate more precise inputs to the RL framework, we employ representative features to capture different aspects of the similarity between entities in heterogeneous KGs, which are integrated by an adaptive feature fusion strategy. Our proposal is evaluated on both cross-lingual and mono-lingual EA benchmarks and compared against state-of-the-art solutions. The empirical results verify its effectiveness and superiority.
Clinical Evaluation of Acute Pancreatitis Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection
Authors: Vatansev Hulya , Yıldırım Mehmet Aykut , Kuccukturk Serkan , Karaselek Mehmet Ali , Kadiyoran Cengiz 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread to more than 200 countries worldwide. We aimed to present acute pancreatitis (AP) cases caused by SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Methods. The study was conducted retrospectively between April 2020 and June 2020 in Necmettin Erbakan University Meram, Medical Faculty Hospital, and 150 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. The degree of acute pancreatitis was determined according to the Atlanta classification. Organ failures of the patients were evaluated in terms of respiratory, cardiovascular, and nephrology according to the modified Marshall scoring (MMS) system, and CTSI (Balthazar score) and Imrie score were determined.

Modified

Marshall

score
≥
2

was considered organ failure. Results. A total of 29 patients were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. All 29 patients with pancreatitis had respiratory failure during hospitalization. After the diagnosis of pancreatitis, there was no change in respiratory failure. According to the Atlanta classification, 19 patients had mild AP and 10 patients had moderate AP. Patients with acute pancreatitis were scored according to the CTSI (Balthazar score), and there were no patients with ≥6 severe pancreatitis. The CTSI score of 4 patients was 3. In addition, the Imrie score of the patients was determined and 8 patients with

Imrie

score
≥
3

were identified. Conclusion. The rate of pancreatic damage in SARS-CoV-2 infection was found to be 19% (

n
=
29

) in our study. In our study, we highlight acute pancreatitis as a complication associated with COVID-19 and the importance of pancreatic evaluation in patients with COVID-19 and abdominal pain is demonstrated.
Severity and Mortality Associated with Steroid Use among Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sahilu Tamiru , Sheleme Tadesse , Melaku Tsegaye 
Published: May 2021

Background. There are controversial suggestions about steroid use to treat patients infected with COVID-19. Conclusive evidence regarding the use of steroids to treat COVID-19 is still lacking. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the mortality and severity associated with corticosteroid therapy compared to noncorticosteroid treatment in patients with COVID-19. Methods. The information was collected from electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google scholar through January 30, 2021. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed using random effect models. Endnote citation manager software version X9 for Windows was utilized to collect and organize search outcomes (into relevant and irrelevant studies) and to remove duplicate articles. Results. Thirty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 14,659 COVID-19 patients. No significant differences in mortality between the steroid and nonsteroid treatment groups (RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.80–1.13;

p

= 0.57). There was no significant reduction in mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with corticosteroid (RR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.62–1.27;

p

= 0.52). Significant differences were observed in severe disease conditions between the steroid and nonsteroid treatment groups (RR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03–1.19,

p

= 0.007). Conclusion. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between the steroid and nonsteroid treatment users’ of COVID-19 patients. There was no significant reduction of all-cause mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with corticosteroids.
Interações, trilhas e caminhos de uma cidade em fluxo: etnografia na Cracolândia
Authors: Alves Ygor Diego Delgado , Pereira Pedro Paulo Gomes 
Published: May 2021

Uma antropologia da Cracolândia deve ser capaz de vincular os caminhos em torno do “fluxo” com as trajetórias tornadas possíveis pelos encontros de materiais e pessoas. Pouco se fala sobre o que move essas pessoas para formar conjuntos sui generis e sobre o que as atrai para o “fluxo”. Esta é a tarefa que procuramos empreender neste artigo. Para tal, empreendemos uma pesquisa de cunho etnográfico que nos aproximou da imaginação conceitual e das ações das próprias pessoas que habitam essas aglomerações urbanas. Pudemos então indagar sobre o que nos conta a categoria “fluxo”, sobre as relações ali estabelecidas que tornam aquele espaço habitável. Concluímos que no “fluxo”, e talvez isto o torne atraente, não há fato consumado, como um objeto, mas, acontecimentos, entrelaçamentos passageiros de materiais em movimento, coisas que, à medida que a vida prossegue, demandam esforço incessante para se manterem íntegras face aos ataques do meio.
GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) Is Physiologically Relevant for Chylomicron Secretion Beyond Its Known Pharmacological Role
Authors: Nahmias Avital , Stahel Priska , Tian Lili , Xiao Changting , Lewis Gary F. 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
GLP-1R (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor) agonists are increasingly used for the treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, with additional body weight reducing effects. Long-term administration of GLP-1R agonists has demonstrated cardioprotective effects, but the mechanism of cardiovascular protection is not currently known. Several studies in humans and animal models have shown suppression of intestinal CM (chylomicron) secretion and plasma TG (triglyceride) levels by pharmacological doses of GLP-1R agonists. The objective of this study was to assess the physiological role of endogenously secreted GLP-1 on CM secretion in rats.

Approach and Results:

Lymph flow, TG concentration, and TG output were assessed in mesenteric lymph duct-cannulated rats in response to an intraduodenal lipid bolus, preceded by an intraperitoneal injection of GLP-1R antagonist Ex (9–39; exendin 9–39) or vehicle. TG output was significantly enhanced in the presence of Ex (9–39) compared with vehicle over a 4-hour period post-lipid bolus (
P
=0.007). Total lymph volume (
P
=0.005) and TG mass (
P
<0.0001) cumulatively collected by the end of the 4-hour period were significantly increased by GLP-1R antagonist.

Conclusions:
GLP-1R antagonism enhanced intestinal TG output in rats through stimulation of lymph flow and increased lymph TG concentration. Endogenously secreted GLP-1 after a lipid bolus is sufficient to modulate CM secretion in the rat, with GLP-1 physiologically restraining CM secretion through the GLP-1R. It remains to be determined whether the lipid lowering actions of GLP-1R agonists play a role in the cardiovascular protective effects of these therapeutic agents.
Bridging With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Under the New Heart Allocation System: A United Network for Organ Sharing Database Analysis
Authors: Nordan Taylor , Critsinelis Andre C. , Mahrokhian Shant H. , Kapur Navin K. , Thayer Katherine L. , Chen Frederick Y. , Couper Gregory S. , Kawabori Masashi 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The effect of the new donor heart allocation system on survival following bridging to transplantation with venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation remains unknown. The new allocation system places extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–supported candidates at the highest status.

Methods:
The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried for adults bridged to single-organ heart transplantation with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from October 2006 to February 2020. Association between implementation of the new system and recipient survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates, Cox proportional hazards models, and propensity score matching.

Results:

Of 364 recipients included, 173 and 191 were transplanted under new and old systems, respectively. Compared with the old system, waitlist time was halved under the new system (5 versus 10 days,
P
<0.01); recipients also demonstrated lower rates of prior cardiac surgery (32.9% versus 44.5%,
P
=0.03) and preoperative ventilation (30.6% versus 42.4%,
P
=0.02). Unadjusted 180-day survival was 90.2% (95% CI, 84.7%–94.2%) and 69.6% (95% CI, 62.6%–76.1%) under the new and old systems, respectively. Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated listing and transplantation under the new system to be an independent predictor of post-transplant survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.34 [95% CI 0.20–0.59]). Propensity score matching demonstrated a similar trend (hazard ratio, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.19–0.66]). Candidates listed under the new system were significantly less likely to experience waitlist mortality or deterioration (subhazard ratio, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.25–0.58]) and more likely to survive to transplant (subhazard ratio, 4.29 [95% CI, 3.32–5.54]).

Conclusions:
Recipients transplanted following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation bridging to transplantation under the new system achieve greater 180-day survival compared with the old and demonstrate less preoperative comorbidity. Waitlist outcomes have also improved significantly under the new allocation system.