bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Results Between Standard and Bitoric Nomograms for Astigmatism Correction
Authors: Sheludchenko Viacheslav M , Fadeykina Tatiana 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate results of excimer laser correction for mixed astigmatism, using two kinds of corneal photoablation; bitoric nomograms for cylinder and standard monotoric procedures.
METHODS: Intrastromal photoablation was performed with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser and a lamellar keratotomy was created with the Hansatome microkeratome. We selected 46 cases with mixed astigmatism. The first group included 28 eyes (average cylinder 4.15 ± 0.86 D, sphere 1.37 ± 0.18 D). In this group, procedures were performed using bitoric nomograms. The second group included 18 eyes (average cylinder 4.05 ± 0.64 D, sphere 1.67 ± 0.23 D). In this group ablation was performed with monotoric nomograms.
RESULTS: After 6 months in the bitoric group, average residual cylinder was 1.49 ± 0.24 D, and sphere was -0.57 ± 0.31 D. In seven cases (25%), re-ablations for astigmatism correction were needed. In the monotoric group, average postoperative cylinder was 1.89 ± 0,39 D, and sphere was 0.77 ± 0.28 D. In eight cases (44%), retreatments were planned.
CONCLUSION: Bitoric ablations for astigmatic corrections resulted in a decreased frequency of reablation as compared to standard monotoric procedures. [J Refract Surg 2001;17(suppl):S238-S241]
Schematic Eye Models for Simulation of Patient Visual Performance
Authors: Doshi James B , Sarver Edwin J , Applegate Raymond A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine if model eyes can simulate the visual performance of normal human eyes under conditions of varying low myopic blur, pupil size, and contrast.
METHODS: High and low contrast Bailey-Lovie logMAR visual acuity (VA) of three normal eyes of three subjects were measured for four artificial pupil sizes and ten levels of myopic defocus. Simulated visual acuities were then determined for three model eyes? the Indiana Eye with no spherical aberration, the Indiana Eye with average spherical aberration, and the Kooijman Eye? by generating optically aberrated VA charts for each testing condition using Visual Optics Lab software by Sarver and Associates, Ine, and having the subjects read high resolution printouts of these charts using a 3-mm pupil and optimal spectacle correction. The correlation between real VA and simulated VA was then plotted and a regression line calculated.
RESULTS: Slopes for the Indiana Eye, Indiana Eye with spherical aberration, and Kooijman Eye were 0.98, 0.98, and 1.01 for high contrast, and 0.92, 0.67, and 0.75 for low contrast, respectively. The r2 values were 0.73, 0.74, and 0.77, for high contrast, and 0.69, 0.40, and 0.50 for low contrast, respectively. Under low contrast conditions the Indiana Eye VA was significantly closer to the real VA than that of the other two models (P<.0003).
CONCLUSION: Visual performance can be simulated by eye models. The simple single surface Indiana Eye with no spherical aberration best modeled both high and low contrast visual acuity. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:414-419]
Recutting the Cornea Versus Lifting the Flap: Comparison of Two Enhancement Techniques Following Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Domniz Yuval , Comaish Ian F , Lawless Michael A , Rogers Christopher M , Sutton Gerard L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate enhancement techniques following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: Recutting was performed on 263 eyes and the flap was lifted in 55 eyes that had LASIK for simple myopia or myopic astigmatism. The time interval between LASIK and retreatment was 340 ± 46 days (range, 270 to 892 days) in the recutting group and 215 ± 36 days (range, 53 to 617 days) in the flap lifting group. Mean spherical equivalent refraction, refractive cylinder, uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity were examined prior to, and 1, 3, and 6 months after retreatment.
RESULTS: Seventeen eyes were lost to follow-up in the lifting group and 53 eyes in the recutting group. In the recutting group, mean spherical equivalent refraction improved from -1.48 ± 1.25 D to -0.49 ± 0.88 D at 6 months. In the flap lifting group, mean spherical equivalent refraction improved from -1.05 ± 1.49 D to -0.45 ± 0.39 D at 6 months. Refractive cylinder did not change significantly in either group (P = .2). There was a significant increase in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 6/6 in each group. In the recutting group, UCVA of 6/6 increased from 3.8% to 65.2% at 6 months, and in the lifting group from 3.6% to 71.1% at 6 months. In the recutting group, seven free flaps and three macerated flaps that required removal occurred. One eye in the recutting group and two in the lifting group developed significant epithelial ingrowth. No patient lost more than one line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA).
CONCLUSION: Both procedures were safe, effective, and highly predictable for enhancements, but flap complications may be more likely with recutting. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:505-510]
Aberrations and Visual Performance Following Standard Laser Vision Correction
Authors: Marcos Susana 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To relate the change of ocular aberrations with the change of visual performance produced by standard laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia.
METHODS: Aberrations and visual performance were measured before and after surgery in 22 eyes. Total aberrations were measured using a laser ray tracing technique. Corneal aberrations were obtained using a commercial videokeratoscope and custom software. Visual performance was evaluated in terms of best spectacle-corrected contrast sensitivity and high-contrast visual acuity.
RESULTS: The amount of total and corneal aberrations increased with LASIK in all except two eyes. In general, the total and corneal aberration patterns were well-correlated after LASIK. However, the anterior corneal surface alone did not capture all the information (ie, possible changes induced on the posterior corneal surface or interactions between the different ocular components), which suggests that total aberrations are better predictors of visual performance. The decrease of the modulation transfer function (both in terms of area under the curve or as a function of spatial frequency) with LASIK accounted for most of the decrease in contrast sensitivity. High-resolution visual acuity was not very sensitive to the LASIKinduced changes in image quality.
CONCLUSION: Wavefront and total aberration measurements, and in particular a combination of the two techniques, provide useful information for understanding the optical changes induced by standard refractive surgery. Predictions of the change in modulation transfer function derived from wave aberrations matched measurements of change in contrast sensitivity. [J Refract Surg 2001 ;17: S596-S601]
Prophylactic Laser Photocoagulation for Retinal Breaks Before Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Lin Shih-Chin , Tseng Sung-Huei 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of prophylactic laser photocoagulation for retinal breaks in myopic patients undergoing laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: Between August 1998 and August 2002, a total of 1931 eyes in 1006 patients requesting LASIK received a fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy before surgery. For analysis, patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of retinal breaks. All patients with retinal breaks underwent prophylactic laser photocoagulation to seal the breaks, even though they were asymptomatic.
RESULTS: Patient age ranged from 18 to 68 years (30.8 ± 7.4 yr). Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -7.55 ± 3.72 D (range -1.87 to -34.50 D). Retinal breaks were identified and treated in 39 eyes (2.029Í) of 32 patients (3.2%); 1892 eyes of 974 patients had no retinal breaks. No statistically significant difference was found in age (P=.87) or gender (P=. 91) between the two groups. However, a significantly higher preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was noted in patients with retinal breaks (-9.41 ± 4.15 D) compared with those without (-7.52 ± 3.71 D) (P=.017). During a mean 19-month follow-up, none of the patients developed retinal detachment except for one in a patient without retinal breaks who sustained ocular trauma 19 months after LASIK. This patient was treated with scleral buckle and the retina was attached after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Retinal breaks were identified and treated by photocoagulation in 2% of 1931 eyes before LASIK for myopia. [J Refract Surg 2003; 19:661-665]
Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis for Myopia
Authors: Camellin Massimo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To describe a new technique for excimer laser corneal surgery: laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK).
METHODS: We report 76 eyes with spherical equivalent refractive myopia ranging from -8.00 to -22.00 D (mean -11.00 ± 3.00 D). Using ethanol applied over an 8.5-mm-diameter area for 20 seconds, the epithelium was detached and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was performed. The epithelium was reapplied to the ocular surface and covered with a therapeutic soft contact lens. Treatments were carried out with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser.
RESULTS: At a mean of 803 days after LASEK, mean spherical equivalent refraction was -1.80 ± 2.40 D (range -9.27 to +2.00 D). Stability was reached in approximately 60 days. Fifty-nine percent of the epithelial flaps were easy to detach intact during surgery and 62.7% of patients reported no postoperative pain. Eighty-four percent of eyes had the therapeutic bandage lens removed by the fourth postoperative day. Twelve percent of eyes had incomplete epithelial flap removal. Epithelium can fall off the cornea during the healing phase. No significant subepithelial haze was seen in 95% of eyes.
CONCLUSION: With LASEK, it may be possible to treat a larger diameter ablation zone in thinner corneas without the problems of a LASDX stromal flap and with less postoperative pain than PRK, with minimal subepithelial haze. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:666-670]
Peripheral Keratitis Following Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Lahners William J , Hardten David R , Lindstrom Richard L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report two different cases of sterile, peripheral keratitis following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: A report of two cases (two eyes of two patients).
RESULTS: In two patients, peripheral infiltrates appeared 1 day after LASIK. One patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis and both had peripheral corneal changes that may have represented prior inflammatory events. The presentations were quite different, with one occurring in association with an epithelial defect at the edge of the flap and the other occurring without an epithelial defect peripheral to the microkeratome cut. In the second case a similar infiltrate showed up in the unoperated fellow eye. Both patients were treated with aggressive antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy. Both patients recovered well with no loss of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity.
CONCLUSION: Peripheral keratitis can occur in patients following LASBK; preoperative evidence of previous inflammation may be a marker for patients at higher risk. Rheumatoid arthritis patients may be at increased risk for this complication. With careful and aggressive management excellent visual outcomes are still possible. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:671-675]
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Visual Quality Using a Medium Versus Small Contact Glass in Patients Undergoing SMILE With Large Corneal Diameters
Authors: Brar Sheetal , Ganesh Sri , Gautam Megha , Devi Roxy Chirom 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:
To compare the clinical outcomes and visual quality using a small (S) versus medium (M) size contact glass in eyes with large white-to-white (WTW) distance undergoing bilateral small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for myopia correction.

METHODS:
This contralateral eye study involved 60 eyes of 30 patients (mean age: 27.20 years) undergoing bilateral SMILE for myopia/myopic astigmatism with a WTW distance of 12 mm or greater in both eyes, which were randomized to receive treatment with an S-contact glass in one eye and an M-contact glass in the fellow eye. Opaque bubble layer (OBL) was graded using a new grading system. On postoperative 1 day, 2 weeks, and 3 months, UDVA, CDVA, contrast sensitivity, Objective Scatter Index, and modulation transfer function cut-off values were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS:

The mean OBL score was significantly lower in the S-contact glass group (28.18%) compared to the M-contact glass group (67.13%) (
P
< .01). At 1 day postoperatively, the UDVA, Objective Scatter Index score, and contrast sensitivity values for all spatial frequencies were significantly better in eyes treated with the S-contact glass compared to the M-contact glass (
P
⩽ .05). At 3 months postoperatively, however, the UDVA, Objective Scatter Index score, modulation transfer function cut-off, and contrast sensitivity values were comparable for both groups. No eye in either group had intraoperative complications such as suction loss, incision/lenticule tears, or lenticule retention.

CONCLUSIONS:
In corneas with a WTW distance of 12 mm or greater, docking with the S-contact glass resulted in significantly better immediate visual results due to less OBL formation and smoother tissue dissection compared to the M-contact glass.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(3):150–157.]
Re-Examining the Tarsal Kink Syndrome: Considerations of its Etiology and Treatment
Authors: Bosniak Stephen , Hornblass Albert , Smith Byron 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A severe corneal ulceration that is evident shortly after birth and persists in spite of adequate medical therapy, may be secondary to a congenital entropion. A vertically kinked tarsus is an unusual and frequently overlooked form of congenital entropion. Prompt recognition of this entity is essential to avoid severe corneal injury and amblyopia.
We present a technique of tarsal stabilization which corrected this upper lid deformity in one case.
Pseudophakic Phacoanaphylactic Endophthalmitis
Authors: Wohl Lisa G , Kline Oram R , Lucier Alfred C , Galman Barry D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two cases of pseudophakic phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis are reported. Both responded favorably to a total posterior capsulectomy performed in addition to removal of the intraocular lens and remaining cortical material. Current theories on phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis are discussed. Excision of the entire posterior capsule with anterior capsular flaps and entrapped cortex is emphasized as an integral part of the treatment of this condition.
Persistent Elevation in Intraocular Pressure After Nd: YAG Laser Treatment
Authors: Demer Joseph L , Koch Douglas D , Smith Jess A , Knolle Guy E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A bilaterally pseudophaldc patient, who had no previous evidence of glaucoma, underwent Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy and dispersal of vitreous syneresis opacities of his left eye. The eye developed persistent Intraocular pressure elevation and visual field loss, requiring medical therapy and argon laser trabeculoplasty. His fellow eye remained normotehsive after Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Nd: YAG laser treatment can result in chronic intraocular pressure elevation and glaucomatous visual field loss.
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment With a Pit of the Optic Nerve Head
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I , Pilkerton A Raymond 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 56-year-old myope developed a retinal detachment of the macular area and the temporal quadrants in his left eye that harbored a temporally-located pit of the optic nerve head. Under anesthesia a small peripheral retinal break was identified, and the retina was reattached successfully using cryotherapy and a limited scleral buckling procedure. Peripheral retinal breaks should be searched for in myopic eyes with optic pits and retinal detachments involving peripheral retinal quadrants.
Enhancing Surgery for Acquired Esotropia
Authors: Jotterand Veronique H , Isenberg Sherwin J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In acquired esotropia, operating only on the nonaccommodative angle often results in under-correction. To decrease the frequency of this outcome, we enhanced surgery in a preliminary study by operating for a target angle equal to half the sum of the distant non-accommodative angle (minimum 12 prism diopters) plus the distant angle measured without correction. The mean augmentation in 12 patients undergoing bimedial rectus recession was 0.8 ± OJZ mm, and in eight patients who had a previous bimedial rectus recession and were undergoing a bilateral rectus resection it was 1.7 ± 0.8 mm.
With a mean follow-up of 26 ± 20 months, 13 patients were within 10 prism diopters of orthotropia and four were undercorrected. Three overcorrected patients were Orthophorie after reducing the hyperopic correction. All 17 patients old enough to cooperate had stereopsis or a positive Worth four-dot test at some point postoperatively.
Ciliochoroidal Effusion as Precursor of Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage: A Pathologic Study
Authors: Wolter J Reimer , Garfinkel Richard A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ciliochoroidal effusion and suprachoroidal (expulsive) hemorrhage both occur in hypotonic eyes and may be serious complications of intraocular surgery or other ocular perforations. Clinical observations have given rise to the suspicion that ciliochoroidal effusion may be a precursor of suprachoroidal hemorrhage, which has resulted in a change of recommended surgical management of the complications. In the present pathologic study, typical ciliochoroidal effusion is demonstrated at the stage at which rupture of stretched posterior ciliary arteries makes suprachoroidal hemorrhage imminent. Our observations morphologically support the clinical conclusions of Maumenee and Schwartz.
Dacryocystorhinostomy Without Flaps
Authors: Becker Bruce B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In a series of 50 consecutive cases, a modification of the Kasper technique of dacryocystorhinostomy without flaps resulted in a success rate of 90%. The success rate was 92.5% in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction alone, but only 80% in those with both nasolacrimal duct obstruction and canalicular disease. The results of this study indicate that equivalent results are achieved with or without the use of flaps. The elimination of flaps shortens and simplifies the procedure.
Prolonged Aqueous Humor Levels of Subconjunctival Antibiotics After Treatment With Acetazolamide and/or Timolol
Authors: Ellis Philip P , Riegel Maris 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Many ophthalmologists routinely administer subcon junctival antibiotics at the end of cataract surgery for prophylaxis against bacterial endophthalmitis. Additionally they use acetazolamide and/or timolol to control intraocular pressure in the first 24-hour postoperative period. An animal study was undertaken to learn whether treatment with the aqueous humor suppressants, acetazolamide, and timolol prolongs the concentrations of antibiotics in the aqueous humor after subconjunctival administration of the antibiotic. Treatment with acetazolamide significantly increased concentrations of piperacillin; it had less consistent effects on tobramycin levels. Timolol treatment did not produce increased piperacillin concentrations at six hours; however, concentrations at 12 and 24 hours were significantly higher than in the controls. Timolol treatment increased tobramycin concentrations only at six hours. The combined use of timolol and acetazolamide produced significantly higher concentrations of piperacillin, but not of tobramycin.
Management of the Blepharoplasty Patient With Ptosis
Authors: Leone Charles R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Patients who request correction of both dermatochalasts and acquired blepharoptosis require separate evaluation of each condition. The blepharoplasty is done in the standard way, depending on the amount of skin redundancy and fat herniation. The method of ptosis repair is dependent on whether Müllers muscle or levator aponeurosis is weak, the degree of ptosis and levator function, and the position of the upper eyelid crease. A tarsal Müllers muscle resection Is employed in cases where the ptosis is minimal, the upper eyelid crease is normal, or the phenylephrine test is positive. A levator advancement Is done If the ptosis is due to a levator aponeurosis dehiscence or attenuation with a higher than normal upper eyelid crease and thinning of the eyelid. Both procedures are easily combined with an upper eyelid blepharoplasty.
Subretinal Neovascularization Complicating Laser Photocoagulation of Diabetic Maculopathy
Authors: Lewen Robert M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A subretinal neovascular membrane was diagnosed in a 60-year-old black woman 1 year following uneventful laser treatment for diabetic maculopathy. The membrane originated from the edge of a photocoagulation scar, ft is believed that this neovascular membrane represents a complication of laser photocoagulation of diabetic maculopathy.
Excision of Limbal Dermoids
Authors: Panton Robert W , Sugar Joel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We reviewed the clinical files of 10 patients who had undergone excision of unilateral epibulbar limbal dermoids. Preoperatively, all of the affected eyes had worse visual acuity (P < .02) and more astigmatism (P < .01) than the contralateral eyes. Postoperatively, every patient was cosmetically improved. Of the eight patients for whom both preoperative and postoperative visual acuity measurements had been obtained, in six it had changed minimally (≤ 1 line), and in two it had improved (≤ 2 lines). Surgical complications included persistent epithelial defects (40%) and peripheral corneal vascularization and opacity (70%). These complications do not outweigh the cosmetic and visual benefits of dermoid excision in selected patients.
Bilateral Retinal Venous Caliber Decrease Following Unilateral Optic Nerve Sheath Decompression
Authors: Lee Sang V , Shin Dong H , Spoor Thomas C , Kim Chaesik , McCarty Beverly , Kim David 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigated retinal vascular changes in nine patients undergoing optic nerve sheath decompression for vision-threatening papilledema associated with pseudotumor cerebri. Two major (one superior and one inferior) retinal venous and arterial calibers were measured before and 1.1 ± 0.1 months, 3.2 ± 0.2 months, 5.0 ± 0.2 months, 7.6 ± 0.2 months, and 13.0 ±1.9 months after surgery. The retinal venous caliber decreased significantly, and the decrease progressed until 3.2 months after surgery. The venous caliber in the contralateral unoperated eyes also decreased significantly. The decrease in the venous caliber in the contralateral unoperated eye as well as in the operated eye following the surgery supports the hypothesis that slow filtration is the mechanism of successful optic nerve sheath decompression. Retinal venous caliber measurement, in either the operated eye or the unoperated fellow eye, can be used to quantitatively monitor the status of papilledema associated with pseudotumor cerebri.