bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critique on “Measurement of the Hygric Resistance of Concrete Blocks with Perfect Contact Interface: Influence of the Contact Area”
Authors: Janssen Hans 
Published: November 2021

Background:
In March 2021, this journal published the article “Measurement of the hygric resistance of concrete blocks with perfect contact interface: influence of the contact area”. That article reports on a study on the impact of ‘perfect contact’ between concrete blocks on moisture absorption, with a focus on the impact of the sample cross-section.

Objective:
This critique aims at formulating several essential concerns on the hygric aspects of that article, thus expressing the discusser’s reservations on the reliability of the presented outcomes in particular and the published article in general.

Methods:
The data, as provided in the graphs of the critiqued article, are digitally extracted and further analysed by the discusser.

Results:
That analysis results in serious concerns with regard to 1) the magnitude of the quantified post-interface flows, 2) the distinguishability of the moisture absorption in the monolithic and perfect contact samples, 3) the robustness of the knee-point identification algorithm, 4) the dependability of the capillary absorption measurements, and 5) the consistency of the capillary absorption processing. These are finally translated into 8 concrete questions to be addressed by the authors of the critiqued article in order to placate these doubts and establish the reliability of their work.

Conclusion:
This critique formulates appreciable apprehension with respect to an earlier publication in the journal and invites its authors to respond to that via answering the 8 concrete questions. If not satisfactory, then the critiqued article’s findings cannot be considered reliable, and the journal should reconsider its prior publication.
Dual Pathogenesis of Primary and Recurrent Pterygium: Immunohistochemical Proof
Authors: Ghorab Doaa , Helaly Ahmed , Badawi Amani E. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Pterygium is a common ophthalmic problem in the Middle East where exposures to dust and sun rays are risk factors. The condition is more prevalent in middle-aged males and can be considered as an aging process. The aim of this study is to test both the degenerative and the proliferative components of Pterygium by both reduced glutathione and topoisomerase one activity.

Methods:
The study applied immunohistochemistry staining for both reduced glutathione and topoisomerase 1.

Results:
The samples expressed positive glutathione staining in most primary Pterygium conditions and all secondary Pterygium. On the other hand, the topoisomerase 1 immunohistochemistry expressed focal activity in secondary conditions suggesting a progenitor cell role in the pathogenesis of Pterygium in conjunction with oxidative stress.

Conclusion:
Pterygium represents dual pathology with a proliferative component and a degenerative one that needs further studies. It is possible to use combination immunohistochemistry markers to predict the prognosis of Pterygium behavior.
Knowledge and Awareness of the Coronavirus Disease and Perceptions Towards Ophthalmic Practice Among Ophthalmologists
Authors: Gammoh Yazan 
Published: November 2021

Objective:To investigate the level of awareness of ophthalmologists towards COVID-19 and their perceptions towards infection control in ophthalmic practice.Methods:A web-based survey was conducted using Google Forms during the month of December 2020. All ophthalmologists practicing in Sudan were invited to participate in the study. Participants who did not agree to the terms of the electronic consent form presented at the beginning of the questionnaire as well as those who did not complete the survey, were excluded from the analysis. Knowledge of causes, symptoms, and methods of transmission of COVID-19; ophthalmologists’ attitudes and perceptions towards COVID-19 and clinical practice, including contact lens practice, were assessed using a set of 26 multiple-choice close-ended questions.Results:Of the 307 participants, 77.4% were in the age range 30-40 years and 73% were contact lens practitioners. While 96.1% acknowledged the scientific name of COVID-19, 46.9% were aware of its cause. Ophthalmologists aged 40-50 years were more likely to agree that air-puffing tonometer risks infection spread (OR 1.62, 95% CI: 0.27-9.70, p<0.01). Ophthalmologists aged 30-40 years were more likely to agree that a slit lamp shield would reduce infection risk (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 0.33-6.96, p<0.01). Contact lens practitioners were more likely to perceive that frequent replacement contact lens use can increase the infection spread (OR 2.64, 95% CI: 1.17-5.94, p<0.01).Conclusion:Ophthalmologists in Sudan demonstrated a mixed level of knowledge of the causes, symptoms, and modes of transmission of COVID-19. While the majority were able to identify the protective measures generally required by medical practitioners and patients, there was a limited level of knowledge regarding protective measures specific to ophthalmic practices, especially when dealing with contact lenses. Official national guidelines about safe ophthalmic service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic are recommended.
Use of Two Complementary Bioinformatic Approaches to Identify Differentially Methylated Regions in Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Navarrete Paula , Garzón María José , Lorente-Pozo Sheila , Mena-Mollá Salvador , Vento Máximo , Pallardó Federico V. , Beltrán-García Jesús , Osca-Verdegal Rebeca , García-López Eva , García-Giménez José Luis 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Neonatal sepsis is a heterogeneous condition affecting preterm infants whose underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The analysis of changes in the DNA methylation pattern can contribute to improving the understanding of molecular pathways underlying disease pathophysiology. Methylation EPIC 850K BeadChip technology is an excellent tool for genome-wide methylation analyses and the detection of differentially methylated regions (DMRs).

Objective:
The aim is to identify DNA methylation traits in complex diseases, such as neonatal sepsis, using data from Methylation EPIC 850K BeadChip arrays.

Methods:
Two different bioinformatic methods, DMRcate (a supervised approach) and mCSEA (an unsupervised approach), were used to identify DMRs using EPIC data from leukocytes of neonatal septic patients. Here, we describe with detail the implementation of both methods as well as their applicability, briefly discussing the results obtained for neonatal sepsis.

Results:
Differences in methylation levels were observed in neonatal sepsis patients. Moreover, differences were identified between the two subsets of the disease: Early-Onset neonatal Sepsis (EOS) and Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis (LOS).

Conclusion:
This approach by using DMRcate and mCSA helped us to gain insight into the intricate mechanisms that may drive EOS and LOS development and progression in newborns.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Chronic Hepatitis C Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Population
Authors: Mohamed Amal A. , Abd-Elsalam Sherief , Mostafa Hanan M. , Abdalla Asmaa , Farouk Ahmed , Aref Ahmed M. , A.A. Elshmiy Reham , ElSayed Eman , Shafik Nevine F. , O. Mahmoud Maha , Al-Daly Moustafa , Zaghloul Mariam S. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Small percentage of hepatitis C (HCV) patients develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during their lifetime, suggesting that genetic factors might modulate HCC development. Numerous variations on the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) have been recognized in human cancers. The majority of them cause VDR to be unable to bind to 1, 25-OH-D. The aim of the present work was to investigate the relation of VDR FokI (rs2228570), BsmI (rs3782905) and ApaI (rs7975232) gene polymorphisms and the risk of HCC development in chronic HCV Egyptian patients.

Methods:
A total of 311 Egyptian patients were enrolled for this study. They were divided into 3 groups: 103 patients with liver Cirrhosis, 107 patients with HCC and 101 normal healthy subjects as the control group. Human genomic DNA Extraction was carried out using QIAamp® DNA Blood Mini Kit (QIAGEN) Genotyping of VDR ApaI (rs7975232) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was carried out using real-time PCR TaqMan allelic discrimination assay with allele-specific designed fluorescent MGB probes.

Results:
Patients with HCC had a higher frequency of ApaI CC genotype (P=0.035) CI (0.031-0.038). Patients with HCC carried a higher ratio of ApaI CC genotype compared to those with liver cirrhosis (x2=5.4 and P = 0.03) or controls (x2=6.8 and P = 0.01). Univariate analysis revealed that age, lower platelet count (<150×103/μL), higher AFP (>100 ng/ml), and ApaI CC genotype were the factors significantly associated with the development of HCC. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that all were independent predictors.

Conclusion:
ApaI CC VDR gene mutation is an independent risk factor for HCC development in Egyptian Cirrhotic HCV patients.
Lipid Profiles as Markers for the Severity of Liver Diseases in Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Badawi Rehab , Abu Rahma Mohamed Zakaria , Ramadan Haidi K. , Soliman Shaimaa , Mohareb Dina A. , Hawash Nehad , Elkafoury Rania , Abd-Elsalam Sherief 
Published: November 2021

Background
Liver cirrhosis is a diffuse process in which the anatomical structure and function of the liver are disturbed. Lipid metabolism occurs mainly in the hepatocytes. In liver cirrhosis, it is expected to detect abnormal lipid profile and abnormal neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio due to necro-inflammation and hepatocyte dysfunction. This study aimed to estimate the lipid profile in patients with liver cirrhosis and to assess its relation to the severity of the liver disease based on Child-Pugh Turcotte score and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR).

Methods:
This study included 500 cirrhotic patients. All patients are subjected to history taking, clinical examination, liver and renal function tests, lipid profile, and also abdomino-pelvic ultrasound. Child -Pugh score, fibrosis-4 score (FIB4), and neutrophil and platelet lymphocyte ratio were calculated.

Results:
A total of 500 patients were enrolled in this study; 12 patients were excluded (two patients were on the immunosuppressive drug, three patients had body mass index (BMI) >30, and seven patients took lipid-lowering drugs). Cholesterol level was significantly higher in patients with Child- Score A than B and C. Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol were significantly higher in Child B than C. A significant negative correlation was found between cholesterol level and each of FIB4 and NLR ratios.

Conclusion:
There was a significant negative correlation between the severity of liver cirrhosis and lipid profiles (except triglyceride), FIB4 and NLR ratio.
Toxins and Venoms from Marine Cnidarians and Gastropods: Diversity
and Potential Drugs Targeting the Ion Channels
Authors: Tlili Sofiene , Brahim Raoua Ben , Sabatier Jean-Marc , Regaya Imed 
Published: November 2021

:
A diversity of marine invertebrates, such as cnidarians are rich sources of large bio-active
molecules. This chemo-diversity of bio-active compounds has a promising potential in several
biotechnological and therapeutic applications. On the basis of a comparative bibliographic approach,
we intend in this review to present and discuss an overview of: i) the diversity of marine invertebrates
as a candidate for bio-active molecules production; ii) the diversity of bio-active compounds
and venom derived from these organisms; iii) the relationship between, the diversity of these
marine organisms and the structure of the toxins they secrete. In this bibliographic study, a focus
is going to be made on protein neurotoxins targeting ion channels. We also discuss the potential
link between the bioecological characteristics of cnidarians and the diversity of toxins.
Infancias monstruosas: Debimos ser felices, de Rafaela Lahore, y Mugre rosa, de Fernanda Trías
Authors: Amaro Lorena 
Published: November 2021

The following article analyzes the novels Debimos ser Felices, by Rafaela Lahore and Mugre rosa, by Fernanda Trías, both published in 2020. While Lahore works her way through remembrance in an intimate, fragmentary, autobiographical way, Trías’ narrative is complex, apocalyptic, and dystopic. It ranges from a progressive uncertainty about the present to memory’s capacity to hang on to family affections. However, they converge in their narratives’ subtle, dreamlike atmospheres that focus on the voice of children fluctuating between abnormality and monstrosity. Their reflections emphasize the reconstruction of their respective genealogies through reminiscence.
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El siguiente artículo analiza las novelas Debimos ser felices, de Rafaela Lahore, y Mugre rosa, de Fernanda Trías, ambas publicadas en 2020. Si bien comparten ciertas atmósferas sutiles, casi oníricas, Lahore trabaja el recuerdo de manera íntima, fragmentaria y autobiográfica, mientras que la narración de Trías se proyecta como una compleja novela apocalíptica, distópica, que oscila entre la progresiva incertidumbre del presente y la capacidad del recuerdo para aferrarse a los afectos familiares. Ambas ponen en el centro de sus reflexiones a niños y niñas que transitan entre la anomalía y la monstruosidad, con un fuerte acento en la reconstrucción memoriosa de sus respectivas genealogías.
A Phenotyping Algorithm to Identify People With HIV in Electronic Health Record Data (HIV-Phen): Development and Evaluation Study
Authors: May Sarah B , Giordano Thomas P , Gottlieb Assaf 
Published: November 2021

Background
Identification of people with HIV from electronic health record (EHR) data is an essential first step in the study of important HIV outcomes, such as risk assessment. This task has been historically performed via manual chart review, but the increased availability of large clinical data sets has led to the emergence of phenotyping algorithms to automate this process. Existing algorithms for identifying people with HIV rely on a combination of International Classification of Disease codes and laboratory tests or closely mimic clinical testing guidelines for HIV diagnosis. However, we found that existing algorithms in the literature missed a significant proportion of people with HIV in our data.

Objective
The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate HIV-Phen, an updated criteria-based HIV phenotyping algorithm.

Methods
We developed an algorithm using HIV-specific laboratory tests and medications and compared it with previously published algorithms in national and local data sets to identify cohorts of people with HIV. Cohort demographics were compared with those reported in the national and local surveillance data. Chart reviews were performed on a subsample of patients from the local database to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the algorithm.

Results
Our new algorithm identified substantially more people with HIV in both national (up to an 85.75% increase) and local (up to an 83.20% increase) EHR databases than the previously published algorithms. The demographic characteristics of people with HIV identified using our algorithm were similar to those reported in national and local HIV surveillance data. Our algorithm demonstrated improved sensitivity over existing algorithms (98% vs 56%-92%) while maintaining a similar overall accuracy (96% vs 80%-96%).

Conclusions
We developed and evaluated an updated criteria-based phenotyping algorithm for identifying people with HIV in EHR data that demonstrates improved sensitivity over existing algorithms.
KEJADIAN MALARIA PADA ANAK DAN IBU HAMIL DAN PROGRAM PENGENDALIAN MALARIA DI DESA SUKAJAYA LEMPASING, KABUPATEN PESAWARAN
Authors: Santoso Santoso , Margarethy Indah , Arisanti Maya , Nurmaliani Rizki 
Published: November 2021

Provinsi Lampung merupakan salah satu daerah endemis malaria. Kabupaten dengan prevalensi tertinggi adalah Kabupaten Pesawaran dengan API sebesar 4,8‰. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil dan balita yang ada di wilayah Desa Sukajaya Lempasing Puskesmas Hanura.Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian adalah 100 orang ibu hamil dan balita. Informan untuk wawancara mendalam adalah petugas pengelola program Malaria. Hasil pengambilan darah dengan RDT terhadap 100 sampel mendapatkan tiga sampel positif malaria falciparum. Hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopis tidak ditemukan slide positif Plasmodium. Penduduk yang pernah mengalami demam sebanyak 42%. Hasil analisis bivariat mendapatkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat demam dengan riwayat kontak dengan penderita malaria sebelumnya. Penggunaan kelambu pada saat tidur sudah merupakan kebiasaan masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil dan balita untuk mencegah gigitan nyamuk. Pengendalian malaria yang telah dilakukan diantaranya penyemprotan, larvasidasi, dan pembagian kelambu.
PERILAKU SANTRIWAN YANG BARU MONDOK DI PESANTREN K-K KECAMATAN SAKO TERHADAP KEJADIAN PENYAKIT KULIT SKABIES
Authors: Ghiffari Ahmad , Oktariansyah Zadi , Suardin Lucille Annisa , Pamudji Raden 
Published: November 2021

Sekitar 300 juta kasus skabies per tahunnya dilaporkan di seluruh dunia dan di Indonesia 3,9-9% penduduk. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan risiko infestasi tungau antara lain higienitas pribadi yang buruk, kontak dengan penderita, kelembapan, kepadatan hunian yang tinggi dan pengetahuan yang rendah. Faktor risiko tersebut tinggi pada santri penghuni asrama pesantren. Kegiatan penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor risiko dan hubungannya penyakit kulit kudis pada Pondok Pesantren K-K di Kecamatan Sako Kota Palembang. Penelitian dilakukan melalui metode observasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan desain potong lintang pada 114 santri dengan prosedur pemeriksaan klinis (cardinal sign) gejala skabies dan mikroskopis serta kuesioner. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa subjek penelitian yang terkena skabies sebanyak 37% didominasi oleh jenis kelamin laki-laki (53%), berada pada tingkat tsanawiyah (63%) kelas VII (40%), memiliki tingkat pengetahuan sedang (49%), tingkat sikap sedang (48%), tingkat perilaku baik (52%). Analisis bivariat dan logistik regresi multivariat menunjukkan hubungan antara kejadian skabies dengan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku, dengan pengaruh paling besar pada perilaku (OR 8,24). Disarankan untuk tidak menggunakan barang pribadi secara bersama. Penyuluhan terutama pada santri yang baru masuk asrama harus lebih digalakkan dengan melibatkan pihak puskesmas untuk sosialisasi penyakit terutama bagi santriwan kelas VII tsanawiyah.
Fritidsbygg i fjellområdet – en egen boligstruktur?
Authors: Arnesen Tor , Kvamme Stine 
Published: November 2021

There are as many leisure and second homes in the mountainous region of Southern Norway as there are primary detached house residences, and since 2000, more than three second homes have been built for every detached house. The balance in housing stock between primary and second homes is rapidly shifting towards secondary homes. More than half of the second homes in the region, and practically all those built since 2000, have high technical standards (water, sewage, road access, Internet service, electricity, etc). On average they are used 60 to 90 days a year (chiefly weekends and holidays), with frequency depending on their technical standard.
A recent demographic report reveals a declining and aging fixed population in the region and forecasts a continuing decline. Second homes in the region are mainly owned by those living in urban coastal areas outside the region, persons who are “invisible” in the local population analysis.
A good half of all second homes, particularly the high-standard ones, are in agglomerations in outlying areas, forming a “recreational sprawl” where urban and rural residences are linked by “recreational commuting”. Covid-19 experiences, with widespread remote working from the second home, has also shown the elasticity between the two residential platforms.
More than just a leisure home, the second home agglomerations may be viewed more accurately as a unique housing stock being developed in mountain areas for part-time rural community inhabitants. A new demographic approach will be necessary to monitor this aspect of the population in many modern rural societies.
PENGARUH KONDISI LINGKUNGAN PADA KUALITAS BETON STUDI KASUS RS PTN UNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG
Authors: Ribowo Anggarani Budi , Niken Chatarina , Widyawati Ratna 
Published: November 2021

Pekerjaan pembangunan Rumah Sakit PTN Universitas Lampung dimulai pada tahun 2011, namun terhenti proses pembangunannya serta struktur eksisting tidak mendapat perawatan terhadap kondisi lingkungan. Hal ini mengharuskan dilakukannya evaluasi kekuatan struktur bangunan yang sudah lama terbengkalai. Hasil analisis pengaruh kondisi lingkungan berlumpur, tergenang air, terkena sinar matahari langsung dan terlindung pada material eksisiting beton dan baja tulangan menjadi parameter rencana untuk dibangun kembali RS PTN Universitas Lampung.
Metode dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengamatan secara visual den pemeriksaan secara khusus pada struktur plat bangunan basement gedung 1,2 dan 3. Pemeriksaan khusus yang dilakukan yaitu core drill test, hammer test, SEM-EDX, uji tarik baja tulangan dan uji lengkung statis baja tulangan.
Terdapat genangan air dan lumpur pada basement gedung 1,2 dan 3 serta terjadi korosi pada tulangan sambungan kolom, plat, dinding penahan tanah dan dinding geser. Berdasarkan hasil uji tarik baja tulangan kondisi eksisting memenuhi persyaratan Pasal 20.2.2.4a SNI 2847-2019 dan hasil uji lengkung statis masih bersifat elastis. Kuat tekan beton kondisi basah (terendam air) 30 MPa dengan tidak terdapat unsur Ca yang disebakan air yang merendam melarutkan Ca. Kuat tekan disebakan unsur Si yang padat karena perendaman sehingga tumbuh optimal. Hasil kuat tekan kondisi terlindung 25 MPa dengan unsur pemberi kekuatan adalah Ca dan Si tetapi kekuatan terseut diruntuhkan oleh C
Review on the Techniques Used for Enhancing Performance of UPQC Structures
Authors: Mandal Sikandra Kumar , Singh Nishi 
Published: November 2021

In a power transmitting network, a Unified Power Quality Conditioner is used to operate both shunt— connected and series-connected compensation simultaneously. Destabilize, disturbance, and sometimes even dc elements can all be found in a power distribution network. As a result, a UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner) outperforms a Unified Power Flow Conditioner (UPFC) in many of these areas to offer shunt-connected or series-connected compensation. The main objective of this paper is to provide the overview, different designs given by many researchers to improve the performance of the UPQC.
Techniques used in Evaluating Performance of Solar Air Heater (SAH) Comprised of Winglet Type Roughness- A Review
Authors: Ranjan Ravi , Vishwakarma Prof. Shravan , Badgaiyan Prof. Pankaj 
Published: November 2021

There are multiple resource of energies but if we talk about renewable energy then solar energy is one of the renewable energy which is in demand because it is feasible and cheap. Flat - plate solar air heaters (SAHs) are simplistic and stylish, and their heating pathway of implementation requires care and support. increasing Room temperature, elimination of moist from farm commodities, increasing temperature of industrialized goods, hardening of wood or timber, and other uses for SAHs are frequent. well there are several issues in SAH, but the biggest issues with the SAH is its ineffectiveness, which is caused by atmosphere's lower heat transferring ability. We present introduces on the work performed by a lot of scientists to boost the effectiveness of solar air heaters (SAHs) with various kinds of roughness area in this research article.