bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of thermal convection in dry air by holographic interferometry method
Authors: Somov S A , Ivanov A S , Goncharov M M , Kondrashov A N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The convection of humid and dry air was studied experimentally. The observed fluid convection involves two mechanisms of heat and mass transfer: thermal convection produced by temperature gradient and concentration convection occurred due to the inhomogeneous vapor distributions induced by evaporation and condensation of water. The convection stability of humid air was described in terms of two (thermal and concentration) Rayleigh numbers. Laboratory experiments were performed using holographic interferometry and thermocouple techniques. Experimental holograms were processed numerically in order to calculate the space distribution of the refractive index in relation to temperature and vapor concentration. The results show that the difference between moist convection and dry convection can be measured even in the absence of evaporation and condensation. The experimental interferograms for dry air (intentionally dried up to 4 % relative humidity) are given. The justification of this research requires an additional quantitative comparison with the measurements obtained for humid air (with 100 % relative humidity) undergoing the first-order phase transition of the “gas-liquid” type.
Numerical modeling of the flow of polluted groundwater into the Vyatka River
Authors: Lyubimova T P , Parshakova Ya N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the formation of the hydrochemical regime of water bodies and adjacent territories, a significant role is played by the density stratification effects caused by the heterogeneity of the distribution of mineralization fields. When the concentration of the heavy solute is larger than one ppm under terrestrial conditions, these effects have a great influence on the nature of the flow. Such effects can not be described using hydrodynamic models within the framework of shallow water equations; for their correct description, it is necessary to use hydrodynamic models in a full three-dimensional non-hydrostatic formulation. The present paper presents the results of numerical modeling of the formation of diffuse pollution of the Vyatka River during washing of floodplain water bodies (quarries, lakes) in the region of the Kirovo-Chepetsk industrial complex. The assessment of the scale and intensity of the supply of nitrogen-containing compounds was made. The calculation results form the basis for the development of a number of possible measures aimed at both reducing diffuse runoff and ensuring the standard water quality at the main drinking water intake in Kirov, Russia.
Object-Based land cover classification of the Vu Gia – Thu Bon river basin on the cloud computing platform
Authors: Nghia N V , Thu T TH , Bui B TH Tham Hong Thi , Huong D T , Cuc N T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The arrival of cloud computing platform Google Earth Engine (GEE) in 2010 has brought a breakthrough for analysing and processing spatial data. Applying algorithms on this platform has overcome the limitations of commercial software while processing data in building thematic databases, including land cover data. These data are a critical factor for climate change and hydrological models. This study applied Object-based Random Forest (RF) classification in the Google Earth Engine platform to produce land cover data from Landsat 8 data of the Vu Gia - Thu Bon river basin. The classification results showed 7 categories of land cover consisting of artificial forest, natural forest, paddy area, urban area, rural area, bare land, and body water, with an overall accuracy Kappa of 0.70.
Effect of protonation on the spectral properties of subphthalocyanine and tripyrazinosubporphyrazine
Authors: Skvortsov I. A , Kovkova U. P , Stuzhin P. A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Using well-known methodology perfluorinated sybphthalocyanine (F12
sPcBCl) and hexaphenyltripyrazinosubporphyrazine (Ph6Pyz3sPzBCl) were obtained and further its spectral and base properties have been studied by spectrophotometric titration and fluorescence spectroscopy. By means of spectrophotometric titration sequential protonation of two azomethine bridges was observed with the shifts of the absorption Q bands to 625-665 nm (for F12
sPcBCl), to 584-683 nm and CT (charge transfer) band to 426-453 nm (for Ph6Pyz3sPzBCl). The spectral changes in the electronic absorption spectra of F12sPcBCl observed in an acid medium differ significantly compared to Ph6Pyz3sPzBCl. Protonation of Ph6Pyz3sPzBCl was observed in 0.08-0.35 M solution of trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane, in contrast to F12
sPcBCl for which protonation in dichloromethane was observed at TFA concentration equal to 1.34 M. Bathochromic shift of the Q bands in the emission spectra was indicated for each of the protonated forms of the compounds, accompanied by a decrease in the fluorescence intensity with increasing acidity.
Fast Synthesis of Tetra-Aryl-Substituted Aza-BODIPYs
Authors: Marfin Y. , Merkushev D. , Khalabudin D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article presents the fast and easy way to synthesize tetra-aryl-substituted aza-BODIPY dyes. The standard synthesis technique in solution was modified by mechanochemical solid-state grinding and minimizing the solvent amount. These approaches substantially reduced reaction time. Obtained dyes showed moderate fluorescence in near-infrared window in biological tissue and may be further used in areas of biological sensing.
Application of nanostructured PVD-coating to increase the service life of metal working tools
Authors: Zhdanov A.V. , Shinakov I.V. , Novikova E.A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the application of nanostructured TiN/CrN coating for axial cutting tools for metalworking. The technological process of applying this coating, studies of physical, mechanical and tribological characteristics, as well as adhesion and thickness are presented. The results of experiments on metalworking of aluminum alloy and 40X steel for tools with and without coating are presented. The test results showed that TiN/CrN coating increases the durability of cutters by 2.5…2.6 times, drills by 2.1…3.1 times compared to cutting tools made of high-speed steel R6M5 without coating.
Wettability surface control on stainless steel by LIPSS formation
Authors: Khorkov K.S. , Kochuev D.A. , Dzus M.A. , Prokoshev V.G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, laser-induced periodic structures are obtained on the surface of SS304 stainless steel when treated with femtosecond laser radiation. The dependence of the period of surface structures on the speed and power of laser radiation treatment is revealed. The wetting angle and the dependence of this angle on the processing speed are determined. It is shown that after femtosecond laser treatment, the surface became more hydrophilic.
BODIPY in matrices: brief review
Authors: Bobrov A.V. , Kishalova M.V. , Merkushev D.A. , Marfin Yu.S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHybrid materails with dipyrrin based luminophores are of major interest in different areas of material chemistry, sensors and photovoltaics. Vast variety of the materials with BODIPY motif were synthesized and investigated up to date. Modern trend in the material chemistry is the aimed functionalization of them by immobilizing in their structure an active components. Based on interactions between matrix and dye we can control spectral and photophysical characteristics of hybrid material for tuning practically valuable properties for specific tasks. Presented paper summarize the results of our research group, working in the field of hybrid materials with BODIPY dyes: synthesis, spectral characteristics evaluation and possibilities of practical application investigation. Discussion is focused on the methods of synthesis of materials and practical application of them as sensors for pH, polarity and in OLED devices.
The effect of legacy pollution information on landowner investments in water quality: lessons from economic experiments in the field and the lab
Authors: Fleming Patrick M , Palm-Forster Leah H , Kelley Lindsey E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To address the legacy effects of human activity on water quality, it is helpful to understand how land managers make decisions that directly impact legacy sources of pollutantion generated by previous generations, as opposed to current practices. Using data from an economic field experiment, we examine the effect of information about the cause and relative quantity of streambank erosion on rural landowners’ willingness to invest in stream restoration initiatives. Data from the field is supplemented with data from laboratory sessions in which students are presented with similar decision scenarios. We find that landowners assigned to legacy sediment sites characterized by high erosion rates relative to others in the community increased investment levels by 29%–40% of their budget in comparison to the control, with similar results observed among students. Our results suggest that informational outreach targeted to pollution hot spots, including those created by legacy sources, would significantly increase investments in mitigation efforts that improve water quality.
Social resilience and its scale effects along the historical Tea-Horse Road
Authors: Yang Liang Emlyn , Chen Junxu , Geng Jin , Fang Yiping , Yang Weibing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study adopted an empirical analysis to explore social resilience to major natural disasters along the Tea-Horse Road (THR) in southwest China and to understand why and how the THR and its connected communities maintained and developed over a long period. A set of archive data, literature re-analysis, statistical data, monitoring data, and surveyed materials were collected and qualitatively and quantitatively analysed to support a holistic investigation of disaster impacts and social resilience. The results indicate that (a) natural disasters occurred frequently but were distributed over place and time and had various impacts, which left possibilities for maintaining social development with diverse and specific coping strategies; (b) strong central and local governance continually improved infrastructure and engineering technologies, and collaboration in social networks with local experience and disaster cultures were the major contributing factors that enhanced social resilience at various levels; (c) the THR area demonstrated various features of social resilience to natural disasters in terms of spatial-temporal scales, where the combination of multiple resilience measures enabled the resilience of the entire social system at various places over long time periods. Generally, larger social systems with diverse response capabilities were more resilient than small and individual entities over a long time scale. The study highlights that the THR region withstood frequent natural disasters but maintained a general development of social economy, transportation, and advanced technologies, and performed a positive transformation to a more resilient status. Overall, this paper describes the scale effects of multiple resilience measures along the THR and calls for specific studies on social resilience and transformation of diverse social entities over multiple spatial-temporal scales.
Forest Resource Potential of Cedar in the Far Fast
Authors: Vyvodthsev N V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the taxation indicators of previously developed standards for evaluating the productivity of Korean pine plantations. Rehabilitation of cedar stands is impossible without growth tables. The analysis shows that the productivity assessment of cedar trees as a renewable resource should be accompanied by working standards, bringing the plantings to a given goal. In other words, the norms should be compiled for a specific purpose, for example, the cultivation of nut plantations. Korean pine is a nut-bearing plant, and it is its most crucial production function for a wide range of consumers, including humans. At the moment, this formation was “not available” due to the overexploitation of raw (wood) resources in the last century. To return it to Russia’s renewable energy system in the next 30 years, it is necessary to review all functions to optimize them at different management levels. The analysis shows that with the help of modern technologies, it is possible to ensure the transition to a significant forest formation in various production areas, taking into account the demand for its products. This main transition elements are a high-quality regulatory framework, its compliance with the real capabilities of the formation, and favorable market conditions for products obtained from this formation. A bet on renewable energy sources will allow the world economy to avoid crisis periods, including those of a socio-ecological nature.
The Quality and Microbiological Stability of Quinoa-enriched Wheat Bread
Authors: Eliseeva L G , Kokorina D S , Zhirkova E V , Smirova S A , Nevskaya E V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Quinoa flour has high nutritional qualities and is a promising source of functional food ingredients for baked goods. Quinoa was successfully used for enriching wheat bread by domestic and foreign researchers. However, increasing the concentration of quinoa flour decreases the volume yield of wheat bread. This study ultimately aims to increase the organoleptic and structural indexes and the microbiological stability of bread enriched by 17% quinoa flour and 2% wheat protein isolate. We compared the qualities of bread baked using different traditional methods: direct method, indirect method (sponge and dough), and direct method with lactic acid bacteria starter added (LABs from now onward). Compared to other methods, the LABs method decreased the fermentation time, increased air pocket formation, and shaped stability. The addition of LABs starter to the direct quinoa-enriched bread baking method increased the microbiological stability, decreased the staling speed, and reduced rope spoilage risk.
Analysis of the Population Morbidity Dependence on the Atmosphere State
Authors: Burmatova O P , Sumskaya T V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper is dedicated to presenting the practical approach proposed by the authors to study the state of atmospheric air and population incidence. The Lesosibirsk industrial unit in the Lower Angara region of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Russia) is considered as a territorial object of study. Contaminant objects are coal-fired thermal power plants. Calculations made allowed us to evaluate the quantitative relationships between the incidence of children and the factors influencing it, including territorial climate features (pressure and air temperature) and air pollution. The calculations demonstrate the possibility of increasing incidence in children, provided that a large power station is located and functioning in the Lesosibirsk industrial unit. Emissions from this station can hurt the state of atmospheric air and increase the incidence of people. The authors conclude that it is inexpedient to place a heat power facility of the considered capacity in Lesosibirsk. The research novelty lies in the practical implementation of the proposed methods, which allows us to assess the impact of atmospheric air (temperature, pressure, and pollution) on the population’s health when predicting the formation of a local production system.
Agricultural Landscape Quality as a Key Factor Fostering Environmentally Safe Use of Agricultural Lands in the Arid Steppe of the Altai Region
Authors: Tatarintsev V L , Lisovskaya Yu S , Tatarintsev L M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The current economic affairs and land and property matters in Russia, its regions, and settlements require adequate approaches, methods, and mechanisms for managing, planning, and organizing safe and sustainable agricultural land use. Many landowners and land users have significantly diverse and, in some cases, inconsistent interests regarding land resources. Therefore, the new organization of the agricultural land use system should consider the commercial interests of landowners and state priorities related to the sustainable use of land resources, their conservation, and the protection of the entire natural environment based on the qualitative features of contemporary agricultural landscapes. The object of this study, the arid steppe of the Altai Krai, has long been a farming territory of great significance. Within the borders of the dry steppe, nine municipal districts of the region are located. The subject of the study is the quality of agricultural land. The zoning was carried out, considering that the studied area is included in the joint distribution of water and wind erosion. The location of agrarian land considered as the study object, exceeds 1.7 million hectares. More than 1.4 million hectares of them are designated as potentially blown lands, and about 160 thousand hectares are erosion threatening ones. The best part of the arable land surface is subject to soil degradation. Forage lands suffer from the joint occurrence of corrosion. The total number of points calculated based on agricultural land quality indicators significantly differs in municipal districts. Thus, there are different land-use sustainability of economic entities and their environmental safety.
Anthropogenic Transformation of Vegetation and the Effectiveness of its Protection in the System of Protected Natural Territories on the Example of the Altai Krai
Authors: Sokolova G G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The plant cover of the Altai Krai experiences significant anthropogenic pressures. The main factors of anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems are land plowing, grazing, haying, felling, recreation, fires, etc. All of them lead to the decreased species diversity, decreased biological productivity, and degradation of biocenoses. Phytoecological mapping of vegetation degradation makes it possible to assess the environmental consequences of anthropogenic activities at local and regional levels. The results of the study can be used to determine and predict the status of biogeocenoses. Ecological monitoring will allow for planning activities for the rational use and protection of natural resources. We have mapped the Altai Krai and identified four territorial complexes with varying degrees of the transformation of vegetation cover – weak, moderate, healthy, and very strong. We assessed the effectiveness of vegetation protection in the system of protected areas. In areas with an extreme degree of transformation, the location of protected areas is 2.6%. The types of landscapes for the creation of protected areas are proposed.
Exports of Vegetable Oils to Asian Markets: Opportunities, Risks, and Prospects
Authors: Butakova M M , Borisova O V , Goryaninskaya O A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses on the urgent problem caused by changes in the structure of Russian exports in the context of instability and negative dynamics of energy prices. The paper studies Russian exports of the main types of vegetable oils (sunflower, rapeseed, and soybean). The authors analyze the dynamics and product and territorial structures of exports for 2014-2019, relying on domestic and international data. The paper identifies current trends and assesses risks, opportunities, and prospects for domestic exporters. Based on the analysis and review of the secondary literature on the problems of exporting AIC products and trends in world food markets, the authors highlight the main threats for exporters of vegetable oils, focusing on the most capacious Asian markets. The research results may be of interest to the scientific community, students, and graduate students. The results can also be used when assessing export potentials of other member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union, or when making managerial decisions on the structure and direction of exports, as well as on measures to support export activities.
The Impact of Kuzbass Industrial Enterprises on Environmental Safety
Authors: Kotov R M , Formulevich Ya V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to assess the impact of Kuzbass industrial enterprises on the region’s environment, as well as to determine a modern ecological maintenance strategy. The authors reviewed statistical data on the ecology of the Kemerovo region (Russia), analyzing the data dynamically and structurally. Moreover, the authors examined the natural-anthropogenic complexes using sampling observation. The findings show that the leading cause of ecological problems in the Kemerovo region is a high volume of anthropogenic stress per unit of land. Environmental security is crucial to the development of the regional economic, scientific, and investment potential. In conclusion, the authors propose a series of measures aimed at environment conservation and ecological footprint reduction. The authors of the study devised new aspects for the regional environmental policy and defined the term “ecology protection investment.”
The Ecological and Economic Effectiveness of Sunflower Oilseed Production in Russia
Authors: Vorobyov S P , Vorobyova V V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses on the impact of the specialization of agricultural enterprises on the economic efficiency of producing sunflower oilseeds. The authors analyze the consequences of violating the optimal specific gravity of sunflower seeding in the plowland structure of enterprises. The paper assesses current trends in the world market of sunflower seeds and identifies the place of Russia and its main regions in the gross collection of this agricultural crop. The example of agricultural producers in the Altai Krai shows that the increase in the area of sunflower seeding and the increase in the share of plowland reduced economic efficiency and increased the negative impact of the crop on the soil. The increase in yields is mainly due to the intensification of production when ecological requirements are violated. Little use is made of the reserve for bee pollination of sunflower yields. The disruption of the crop rotation system has resulted in highly specialized enterprises losing more than 20-25% of the gross sunflower seed collection, reducing the return on invested resources. The authors argue that increasing the effectiveness of sunflower cultivation is possible under scientifically based management systems oriented towards organic farming.
The Application of GIS Technologies and Remote Sensing Data to Determine the Morphometric Features of the River Basin: The Case of the Upper Part of the Charysh River
Authors: Ostanin O V , Dyakova G S , Lebedeva A S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses on the possibilities of using the technology of geographic information systems (GIS-technologies) and data on the Earth remote sensing to determine the morphometric parameters of the river basin on the example of the upper part of the Charysh River (Russia). The authors conclude that a river basin is a holistic natural complex in which all physical parameters are interdependent and have specific features for each basin. Geographic information methods are used to study hydrological objects and in the modeling of drainage basins as natural compound complexes. In combination with GIS technologies, remote sensing methods are convenient for deciphering and assessing the hydrological situation of territories. For the upper part of the Charysh River basin, a complex of morphometric calculations was performed. Based on DEM and satellite images, thematic layers for GIS were built, and the thematic layers were designed as maps.