bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic and environmental feasibility of re‐routing the Indo‐Sri Lankan shipping channel: A green initiative of sustainable development
Authors: Kandasamy Jayakrishna , Nadeem Simon Peter , Kumar Anil , K.E.K Vimal , Nikhil Hrishikesh Bedekar , Solanki Nikhilkumar Himatlal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs the maritime industry forms the common means of heavy freight transportation, the efficient and strategic management of sea routes from an economic and environmental perspective has become a major concern to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). By applying marine engineering principles and quantifying metrics such as energy efficiency design, index/existing vessel design index, energy efficiency operational index, carbon footprints, fuel consumption, voyage times and emission this study aims to explore the merits of the Indo‐Sri Lankan shipping canal project over the existing route circumnavigating Sri Lanka. The quantification was performed by studying the design and operational indices of marine vessels, based on the metrics considering the major ports in India. The socio‐political, environmental and economic benefits reported in this study advocate the significance of this route to the maritime industry in meeting SDGs.
Interface‐Induced Electrocatalytic Enhancement of CO2‐to‐Formate Conversion on Heterostructured Bismuth‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Sui Peng‐Fei , Xu Chenyu , Zhu Meng‐Nan , Liu Subiao , Liu Qingxia , Luo Jing‐Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising approach to convert CO2 to carbon‐neutral fuels using external electric powers. Here, the Bi2S3‐Bi2O3 nanosheets possessing substantial interface being exposed between the connection of Bi2S3 and Bi2O3 are prepared and subsequently demonstrate to improve CO2RR performance. The electrocatalyst shows formate Faradaic efficiency (FE) of over 90% in a wide potential window. A high partial current density of about 200 mA cm−2 at −1.1 V and an ultralow onset potential with formate FE of 90% are achieved in a flow cell. The excellent electrocatalytic activity is attributed to the fast‐interfacial charge transfer induced by the electronic interaction at the interface, the increased number of active sites, and the improved CO2 adsorption ability. These collectively contribute to the faster reaction kinetics and improved selectivity and consequently, guarantee the superb CO2RR performance. This study provides an appealing strategy for the rational design of electrocatalysts to enhance catalytic performance by improving the charge transfer ability through constructing a functional heterostructure, which enables interface engineering toward more efficient CO2RR.
Redox Host–Guest Nanosensors Installed with DNA Gatekeepers for Immobilization‐Free and Ratiometric Electrochemical Detection of miRNA
Authors: Xie Xiyue , Wang Zhenqiang , Zhou Meizhen , Xing Yuxin , Chen Yuhua , Huang Jixi , Cai Kaiyong , Zhang Jixi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrochemical nanosensors by integrating functional nucleic acids and nanomaterials hold a great promise in the fast detection of biomarkers, yet the current systems possess limitations on the accessibility of target–probe and probe–electrode interactions and the repeatability of detection. Herein, a host–guest assembly strategy is developed to build redox nanosensors for an immobilization‐free and ratiometric electrochemical detection system. Specifically, electroactive molecule (Em) guests are loaded in porous hosts of polydopamine nanoparticles (MPDA) to act as dual‐signal redox reporters. Hybrid DNA probes of G‐quadruplex and a single‐stranded anchor DNA are installed as gatekeepers for sealing the mesopores. Thereby, miRNA triggered Em release by strand displacement reactions and the homogeneous transportation of the hosts/guests to the electrode facilitate the generation of reference signal/response signal at different potentials. Concomitantly applied NIR irradiation boosts the electron transfer from MPDA to the electrode and results in a tenfold increase in the reference signal. Finally, the sensing system through the differential pulse voltammetry method achieves a highly repeatable detection (relative standard deviation 3.8%) of miRNA with a lower detection limit (362 × 10−15 m). This attractive system paves the way for rational designs of advanced electrochemical biosensors and smart diagnosis.
Efficacy of Aconiti tuber for chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy with peripheral coldness and/or symptoms relief by warming: A case series
Authors: Terada Tatsuto , Miura Tomofumi , Kosugi Kazuhiro , Natsume Maika , Yajima Midori Y. , Shimotsuura Yasutaka , Eto Tetsuya , Matsumoto Yoshihisa 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTCaseChemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) frequently occurs in cancer patients due to neurotoxic anti‐cancer drugs and is associated with painful refractory symptoms. Aconiti tuber (bushi), a Japanese herbal medicine, is an analgesic agent. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of bushi for CIPN among cancer patients. We retrospectively analyzed cancer patients who visited our hospital and were administered bushi for CIPN between January 2020 and November 2020. We analyzed efficacy and adverse events by medical chart review.OutcomeSeven cancer patients (mean age 67.9 years, three females) were enrolled. The following neurotoxic anti‐cancer agents were administered: platinum analogues (n = 6), taxanes (n = 2), proteasome inhibitors (n = 1). Bushi was evaluated as effective in four patients (57.1%). One patient (9.1%) discontinued treatment because of adverse events (bad feeling). No other adverse events were reported.ConclusionBushi is effective for CIPN in cancer patients.
Improving the water quality of iron‐containing ponds using fermented kitchen wastes
Authors: Yong Ee Ling , Halim Khairunnisa Abdul , Liong Vivien Yu Fen , Tee Michelle Lee Kiau , Yong Zhi Yuan , See Hong Heng , Syafiuddin Achmad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo elucidate the efficacy of eco‐enzyme in mediating contaminated waters, an onsite investigation was conducted spanning over a 5‐month duration on three ponds receiving iron‐containing groundwater continuously. Eco‐enzyme was applied at designated dosages and time. Water samples were collected fortnightly for in situ monitoring of water quality. Parameters determined included total suspended solids (TSS), pH, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammoniacal‐nitrogen (NH3), and dissolved oxygen. During the investigation, eco‐enzyme application was halted for nearly a month owing to the enforcement of Movement Control Order to curb the rising Covid‐19 cases. The results revealed that the application of eco‐enzyme has improved the overall water quality of the three ponds. A 99.9% of TSS removal was achieved. For the other parameters measured, the concentration fluctuated over time and the water quality status of the pond interchanged between slightly polluted and clean. The elevation of the water quality was largely dependent on the frequency of the eco‐enzyme application. This study, therefore, concludes that eco‐enzyme possessed the capability to enhance the quality of contaminated water.
Sudomotor dysfunction in patients with gluten neuropathy
Authors: Zis Panagiotis , Shafique Faiza , Sarrigiannis Ptolemaios G. , Artemiadis Artemios , Rao Dasappaiah G. , Sanders David S. , Hadjivassiliou Marios 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and aim
Gluten neuropathy (GN) is a common neurological manifestation of gluten sensitivity (GS), characterized by serological evidence of GS, while other risk factors for developing neuropathy are absent. The degree of small fiber dysfunction in GN has not been studied in depth to date. Small fiber involvement may lead to pain, thermal perception abnormalities, and sweat gland dysfunction. Sudomotor innervation refers to the cholinergic innervation of the sympathetic nervous system through small fibers in the sweat glands. The aim of our study was to assess the sudomotor function of GN patients.

Methods
Patients with GN were recruited. Clinical and neurophysiological data were obtained. HLA-DQ genotyping was performed. The skin electrochemical conductance (ESC) was measured with SUDOSCANTM.

Results
Thirty-two patients (25 males, mean age 69.5±10.2 years) were recruited. Thirteen patients (40.6%) had abnormal sudomotor function of the hands. Sixteen patients (50%) had abnormal sudomotor function of the feet. Twenty-one patients (65.6%) had abnormal sudomotor function of either the hands or feet.
Sudomotor dysfunction did not correlate with the type of neuropathy (length-dependent neuropathy or sensory ganglionopathy), gluten-free diet adherence, severity of neuropathy, and duration of disease or HLA-DQ genotype. No differences in the ESC were found between patients with painful and patients with painless GN.

Conclusion
Sudomotor dysfunction affects two-thirds of patients with GN. The lack of correlation between pain and sudomotor dysfunction suggests different patterns of small fiber involvement in patients with GN.
Impacts of wood extraction on soil: assessing rutting and soil compaction caused by skidding and forwarding by means of traditional and innovative methods
Authors: Marra Elena , Laschi Andrea , Fabiano Fabio , Foderi Cristiano , Neri Francesco , Mastrolonardo Giovanni , Nordfjell Tomas , Marchi Enrico 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntensive forestry operations may cause soil compaction, plastic soil disturbances and rutting, which are responsible for undesirable effects on soils, vegetation and water bodies. Despite the numerous studies aimed to identify the main factors affecting soil damages, it still remains unclear whether wood extraction methods and driving direction (uphill or downhill) may affect the impacts of forest machines. This research analyses soil compaction and soil penetration resistance as well as rutting from forwarding and skidding using the same farm tractor in up- and downhill wood extraction. Rutting was estimated by 3D soil reconstruction derived by portable laser scanning (PLS) and close-range photogrammetry using structure for motion (SfM). Our findings showed that the direction of extraction did not affect soil damage severity during forwarding on a 25% slope. On the contrary, in order to reduce soil compaction, downhill skidding is preferable to uphill skidding. The results showed that the pressure on the ground caused by vehicles can be distributed horizontally, thus affecting also the soil between the wheel tracks. The soil bulk density inside the tracks after 10 forwarding passes increased by 40% and with 23% between the wheel tracks. The soil displacement in skidding trails (7.36 m3 per 100 m of trail) was significantly higher than in forwarding (1.68 m3 per 100 m of trail). The rutting estimation showed no significant difference between the PLS and SfM methods, even comparing the two digital surface models (DSMs) obtained, even if photogrammetry was preferred for technical and practical reasons.
Gram stain and addition of amphotericin B to improve the microbial safety of human donor corneas
Authors: Camposampiero Davide , Fasolo Adriano , Saccon Giuseppe , Donisi Pietro M. , Zanetti Elisa , Ponzin Diego 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo determine the effectiveness of two methods to improve the microbial safety of human corneas preserved in organ culture. We compared the number of positive preservation solutions of corneas in organ culture in which the initial short-term hypothermic corneal maintenance solution was supplemented with amphotericin B 2.5 µg/mL and the historical data of microbial test results (2015–2019). In addition, we appraised the efficacy of Gram stain to detect bacterial or fungal contamination in the organ culture solutions of corneas from at-risk donors compared to the culture tests of corneas from not-at-risk donors. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA and statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The number of positive culture tests after preservation was 15 (0.5%) in 2020 compared to a mean of 37 (1.2%) in the period 2015–2019 (p < 0.01), with 10 (1.0%) positive samples in the cohort of 998 corneas from at-risk donors and 5 (0.2%) in the 2046 corneas from not-at-risk donors (p < 0.01). All corneas from at-risk donors tested positive at Gram stain and the results were available 1–3 days before those of the conventional culture tests. Amphotericin B supplementation in the short-term maintenance solution markedly reduced the number of positive microbial tests after organ culture and the early detection of contaminants, including slow-growing microorganisms, by Gram stain before the standard culture results. This meant fewer corneas being discarded and a greater likelihood of preventing post-graft infections.
On the Impact of Build Envelope Sizes on E-PBF Processed Pure Iron
Authors: Torrent C. J. J. , Krooß P. , Niendorf T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In additive manufacturing, the thermal history of a part determines its final microstructural and mechanical properties. The factors leading to a specific temperature profile are diverse. For the integrity of a parameter setting established, periphery variations must also be considered. In the present study, iron was processed by electron beam powder bed fusion. Parts realized by two process runs featuring different build plate sizes were analyzed. It is shown that the process temperature differs significantly, eventually affecting the properties of the processed parts.
Changes in the occurrence range of hosts cause the expansion of the ornate dog tick Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794) in Poland
Authors: Karbowiak Grzegorz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries brought changes in the range of many pathogens and their vectors. An example is the Dermacentor reticulatus tick. So far, relatively not numerous, their range of occurrence was divided into two areas—western European and eastern. An increase in the number and spread of this tick has been observed since the 1990s. Possible causes may be changes in the average summer and winter temperature in Europe and changes in the structure and use of agricultural land and forest areas. Changes in the distribution and abundance of mammals which are the main hosts of adult ticks, such as elk Alces alces, red deer Cervus elaphus, raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides and the red fox Vulpes vulpes, may be important factors as well. Increase in the size of the hosts populations correlates with the subsequent increase in numbers and the emergence of new tick populations. The food base of adult ornate dog ticks is a large herbivorous mammal population. Predatory mammals can support the expansion of the ticks. The expansion of the raccoon dog in the west correlates with the emergence of new D. reticulatus populations west to the previous border of the eastern range of their occurrence. The intrusion of foxes into inhabited areas may be a synanthropic factor that supports the rise of new tick populations in urban agglomerations.
A Value Sensitive Scenario Planning Method for Adaptation to Uncertain Future Sea Level Rise
Authors: Wedin Anna , Wikman–Svahn Per 
Published: November 2021

AbstractValue sensitive design (VSD) aims at creating better technology based on social and ethical values. However, VSD has not been applied to long-term and uncertain future developments, such as societal planning for climate change. This paper describes a new method that combines elements from VSD with scenario planning. The method was developed for and applied to a case study of adaptation to sea level rise (SLR) in southern Sweden in a series of workshops. The participants of the workshops found that the method provided a framework for discussing long-term planning, enabled identification of essential values, challenged established planning practices, helped find creative solutions, and served as a reminder that we do not know what will happen in the future. Finally, we reflect on the limitations of the method and suggest further research on how it can be improved for value sensitive design of adaptation measures to manage uncertain future sea level rise.
Development and Evaluation of an e-Learning Module for Low- and Middle-Income Countries on the Safe Handling of Chemotherapy Drugs
Authors: von Grünigen Sandrine , Dessane Berangère , Le Pape Pauline , Falaschi Ludivine , Geissbühler Antoine , Bonnabry Pascal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Despite the growing use of chemotherapy drugs in resource-constrained settings, training opportunities on safe handling practices are lacking. This study’s objectives were to develop and evaluate an e-learning training module on the safe handling of chemotherapy drugs to strengthen knowledge and practices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The module’s curriculum was developed using the Six-Step Approach for Curriculum Development for Medical Education. Asynchronous, self-paced, e-learning lessons within the module were created and uploaded onto a free online platform, Pharm-Ed. The study ran online from January to April 2021. Participant recruitment was done using convenience sampling through various channels (social media, communities of practice). Training module effectiveness was evaluated using knowledge assessments (a pre-test and post-test study design) and participant satisfaction. We developed a comprehensive e-learning module on the safe handling of chemotherapy drugs comprising 11 asynchronous, self-paced, e-learning lessons. Eighty-two participants (68% pharmacists and 17% pharmacy students) from 17 countries completed at least one lesson, with a total of 259 lessons completed. Evaluation of the different lessons showed significant improvements in theoretical knowledge (p < 0.01) in all except one lesson and a high degree of participant satisfaction. As the use of anti-cancer drugs in LMICs will continue to increase, this e-learning module is an effective means to address the lack of training opportunities on the safe handling of chemotherapies for healthcare workers in these countries. The module could be integrated into a multi-modal approach aimed at reducing occupational exposure and increasing patient safety in cancer care centers.
Why and how science students in the United States think their peers cheat more frequently online: perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Walsh Lisa L. , Lichti Deborah A. , Zambrano-Varghese Christina M. , Borgaonkar Ashish D. , Sodhi Jaskirat S. , Moon Swapnil , Wester Emma R. , Callis-Duehl Kristine L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcademic integrity establishes a code of ethics that transfers over into the job force and is a critical characteristic in scientists in the twenty-first century. A student’s perception of cheating is influenced by both internal and external factors that develop and change through time. For students, the COVID-19 pandemic shrank their academic and social environments onto a computer screen. We surveyed science students in the United States at the end of their first COVID-interrupted semester to understand how and why they believed their peers were cheating more online during a pandemic. Almost 81% of students indicated that they believed cheating occurred more frequently online than in-person. When explaining why they believed this, students touched on proctoring, cheating influences, and extenuating circumstances due to COVID-19. When describing how they believed cheating occurred more frequently online, students touched on methods for cheating and surreptitious behavior. The student reasonings were associated with four theories (game theory, Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, neutralization theory, and planned behavior theory) that have been used to examine academic dishonesty. Our results can aid institutions in efforts to quell student concerns about their peers cheating during emergencies. Interestingly, most student beliefs were mapped to planned behavior theory while only a few students were mapped to neutralization theory, suggesting it was a novel modality of assessment rather than a pandemic that shaped student perceptions.
Perceptions of the Uses of Cell Phones and Their Impact on the Health of Early Adolescents in Barcelona: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Olivella-Cirici Marc , Sánchez-Ledesma Esther , Continente Xavier , Clotas Catrina , Perez Glòria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe use of cell phones and video games has transformed rapidly in adolescents, posing a challenge for the scientific community. Using qualitative methodology and a socioconstructivist perspective, we identified perceptions and beliefs about the different uses of cell phones and video games and their relationship with the health and wellbeing of the adolescent population of Barcelona. From an analysis of discussion groups among early adolescents (n = 66 students aged 13–14 years, segmented by gender and socioeconomic level of the school neighborhood), information was obtained on (i) digital devices and their uses, (ii) the determinants of the uses of cell phones and video games, and (iii) the relationship between possible problematic uses and health and wellbeing. Responsible and problematic uses were identified. Problematic use was associated with compensation for social deficits and sometimes with dependency on the device. Differences were identified by gender (boys preferred video games and girls’ social networks). The adolescents were aware of the possible negative impacts on their health associated with problematic use of cell phones and video games and highlighted a lack of critical education in digital skills.
Secretary Problem: Graphs, Matroids and Greedoids
Authors: Kordecki Wojciech 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the paper, the generalisation of the well-known “secretary problem” is considered. The aim of the paper is to give a generalised model in such a way that the chosen set of the possible best k elements have to be independent of all previously rejected elements. The independence is formulated using the theory of greedoids and in their special cases—matroids and antimatroids. Examples of some special cases of greedoids (uniform, graphical matroids and binary trees) are considered. Applications in cloud computing are discussed.
On the accumulation of separatrices by invariant circles
Authors: KATOK A. , KRIKORIAN R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLet f be a smooth symplectic diffeomorphism of
${\mathbb R}^2$
admitting a (non-split) separatrix associated to a hyperbolic fixed point. We prove that if f is a perturbation of the time-1 map of a symplectic autonomous vector field, this separatrix is accumulated by a positive measure set of invariant circles. However, we provide examples of smooth symplectic diffeomorphisms with a Lyapunov unstable non-split separatrix that are not accumulated by invariant circles.
Small‐Scale Intraslab Heterogeneity Weakens Into the Mantle Transition Zone
Authors: Shen Zhichao , Zhan Zhongwen , Jackson Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSmall‐scale intraslab heterogeneity is well documented seismically in multiple subduction zones, but its nature remains elusive. Previous efforts have been mostly focusing on the scattering strength at intermediate depth (<350 km), without constraining its evolution as a function of depth. Here, we illustrate that the inter‐source interferometry method, which turns deep earthquakes into virtual receivers, can resolve small‐scale intraslab heterogeneity in the mantle transition zone. The interferometric waveform observations in the Japan subduction zone require weak scattering (<1.0%) within the slab below 410 km. Combining with previous studies that suggest high heterogeneity level (∼2.5%) at intermediate depth, we conclude that the small‐scale intraslab heterogeneity weakens as slabs subduct. We suggest that the heterogeneities are caused by intraslab hydrous minerals, and the decrease in their scattering strength with depth reveals processes associated with dehydration of subducting slabs.