bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Pumping Stations and Reservoirs for Water Supply in Rural Areas of Central Yakutia
Authors: Salva A M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The peculiarity of the design, construction and operation of water supply and sanitation systems in the Far North is directly related to the permafrost-climatic and economic factors. This should take into account factors such as the high cost and shortage of electricity, types and nature of production, natural conditions and conditions of water disposal, capacity and features of the regime of water sources. In the early 1990s, the construction of the main water supply system, which consisted of pumping stations, pipelines, reservoirs and canals, began in rural areas of Central Yakutia in order to provide the population with drinking and technical water. This system consists of three branches of main water pipelines: 1 – Lena-Tuora Kuel-Tatta, 2 – Bedeme-Tungulu and 3 – Lena-Muru. The object of study is the main conduit Lena – the Muru. The article presents the results of the study of the main water pipeline «Lena – Muru» for 2014 – 2016 years, compiled schedules of water supply pumping stations in the reservoir, power consumption of electricity and financial costs for it. In addition, the mode of operation of pumping stations of the main water pipeline for the period 2014 – 2017 is analyzed and the ratio of the volume of water supply, electricity consumption and financial costs are shown.
Regression Dependence of the Influence of the Installation Angles of Drum Mixer Blades on the Quality of Mixture
Authors: Fudin K , Konovalov V , Zaitsev V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of the research was to establish a regression model of the influence of the angles of installation of the wings of the L-shaped blades and to optimize their values. The methodology of the studies provided for the experimental determination of the coefficient of variation of the mixture with subsequent computer processing of the results, establishing the functional dependence of the quality of the mixture on the angles of the wings of the blades, finding the minimum values. The research technique implemented in this work allowed us to determine an adequate functional dependence of the quality of the mixture on the angles of installation of the wings of the blades. The optimum quality of the mixture of 20% for the share of the control component of 1% and the mixing time equal to 200 sec corresponded to the angles of the wings of the L-shaped blades: the lower part - 45 degrees and the upper part - 25 degrees between the direction of the wing of the blade and tangent to the circumference of the drum at the installation site of the wing of the blade (its closest point to the axis of attachment of the drum) in the range of angles was, respectively: 30-55 degrees and 0-45 degrees. Deviation of the indicated angles (except for increasing the installation angle of the lower wing of the blade) affects the quality of the mixture. In this direction, the stabilization of the coefficient of variation was observed.
Building of the «Safe City» Software-Hardware Complex at the Novovoronezh Urban District in the Voronezh Region
Authors: Razin’kov N D , Ovchinnikova T V , Kupriyenko P S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The United Nations approved the development of the cities towards «Resilience-building of cities to disasters: my city is preparing» in 2010, its purpose is actively to implement for reducing the number of natural disasters measures and mitigation of catastrophes in towns. During the program time in the word 3098 cities from 119 countries from the world were participated in this program. The «All-Russian EMERCOME of Russia research institute of Civil Defense and emergency situations problems» certified 7 cities of Russia Federation in 24 Jan. 2017, which involved in the Resilience-building of cities «My city is preparing» international program. The program was carried out through the UN International Development Strategy strategies to reduce the calamities; in many ways, its main principles are interrelated with the «Safe City» software-hardware complex developed in Russian [1,2].
Forecast of the Effect of Condensation Water on Reservoir Losses of Hydrocarbons in the T1-A Field of the Srednetungsky Field
Authors: Katanova R K , Inyakina E I , Krasnov I I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Experimental PVT studies of the gas condensate mixture of the Srednetyungskoye field for the determination of the reservoir losses of hydrocarbons with the availability of condensation water have been conducted on recombined samples of separator gas, deposit water and saturated condensate. The bed samples were taken during field research of wells operating the T1-A deposit of the Srednetyungskoye oil and gas condensate field. T1-A bed has been sunk by all wells drilled in the field. The gas condensate pool was opened by thirteen wells, three of which (No. 225, 230, 240) made it possible to determine the position of the газоводяной контакт (ГBK) gas-water contact (GWC) of the deposit. Experimental modeling of phase behavior of gas-condensate bed systems at different thermodynamic states was carried out to determine the influence of condensation water on the value of condensate recovery during the development.
The Screening Influence of the Composite Structure Broken Ice on the Gravity Waves Propagation
Authors: Zuev V A , Kalinina N V , Moskvicheva Yu A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The broken ice influence on the surface of the water area on the parameters of propagation of gravity waves including ship waves is considered. The discrepancy using of the superposition principle, which consist in the addition of the independent component of water and ice resistance of the vessels motion and used in the existing analytical calculations, and the real process picture is shown. The quantitative assessment of the broken ice influence on the resistance components is given.
Ensuring the Safety of Gas Distribution Stations When Increasing Capacity
Authors: Fomina E , Guskov M , Mitichkin S , Shishkin S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper shows the dynamics of accidents and industrial fatality injuries at the Main Pipeline Transport of Hydrocarbons in the Russian Federation. The features of operation of a Gas Distribution Station (GDS) as one of the Hazardous Production Facilities of Main Pipeline Transport of Natural Gas are considered. The main technological units and systems for ensuring the complex safety of automated low-performance GDS are presented. The main factors contributing to the occurrence and development of accidents at the GDS are listed. To increase gas supplies to the consumer, the calculation of the technically possible throughput capacity of the existing GDS with a design capacity of 20 thousand m3/hour was carried out. Using a software complex “Vesta-GDS” we built process flow diagram that under the given constraints (pressure, temperature, gas velocity in the pipeline and the degree of opening of the gas pressure regulator valve) determined that the technically possible throughput capacity of GDS is 16.37 thousand m3/hour more than design capacity. With technically possible increased productivity, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the risk of an accident at the GDS II class of danger was made, as a result of which the risk was assessed as “low” and not exceeding the background indicators of the oil and gas industry of the Russian Federation.
The Development of Sheep Breeding in the Doctrine of Food Security: Problems and Design
Authors: Zhichkin K , Nosov V , Zhichkina L , Levina N , Lobacheva T , Pokidov B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the experience of restoring sheep stock in the Samara region under counter-sanctions. During the economic reform years, the number of sheep in the region decreased by 10 times. However, the introduction in 2014 of reciprocal restrictions on the import of food products from European countries made it possible to partially restore the population. Over this period, it has grown almost 2 times. As the experience of creating new sheep farms in modern conditions shows, it is necessary to change the old specialization (wool production) to a new one - lamb production. Polyester sheep breeds are better suited for this purpose. With an integrated approach to the implementation of an investment project in sheep farming, high profitability indicators can be achieved. Starting with 300 ewes and spending about 15 million rubles for the purchase of breeding stock, equipment, construction, in two and a half years, the number of productive stock can be brought up to 1000 head. The calculations showed that in this case the payback period of the projects is no more than 4-5 years, depending on the scale of production, the chosen pace of development, and the depth of products processing.
V.A. Kostitsin Eco-Genetic Model in Studying the Race Dynamics of the Multirakered Muksun of the Yenisei River
Authors: Haydenok N D , Chumakov V F , Chumakov I V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the results of studying the ordinary multirakered muksun race dynamics in the Yenisei River based on the eco-genetic model and resolves the issue of determining the fish farm locality, which is equivalent to defining which subpopulation should be strengthened through the artificial reproduction.
The Influence of the Technological Order for Modifiers Introduction on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Mineral Systems
Authors: Vavrenyuk S V , Efimenko Yu V , Farafonov Al E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There were studies aimed on the influence of operating practice for solid-phase mechanochemical modification of cement-mineral systems. The effect of the introduction order for modifiers of hydrophobic-plasticizing action on the physical and mechanical properties of cement-mineral compositions (CMC) was studied.
Updated Technique for Forecasting Strength and Deformability of Composite (Clastic-Silty-Clayed) Soils
Authors: Aminova L I , Dobud’ko O V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Clastic-silty-clayed soils are most common on construction sites of the Russian Far East. DalNIIS studies of the construction properties of these soils were launched by Professor V. I. Fedorov in 1968-1972 and ended with the development of a Technique of Assessing the Strength and Compressibility of the studied soils in 1991. This is the first in the global soil science Technique evaluating the mechanical characteristics of soil through its physical properties. In 2013-2014, the Technique was updated. As a result, a new modern edition of the Technique was developed as a Manual for Design and Construction of Foundations and Basements of Buildings and Structures in Watering out and Hazardous Heaving Soils of the southern Russian Far East with enclosed Charts of Standard Strength and Deformation Parameters of Clastic-Clayed Soils.
Updated Evaluation of RhD Status Among Women of Child-Bearing Age in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Uzuni Ajna , Wlosinski Lindsey , Lopez-Plaza Ileana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The Rh blood group system is one of the most important and immunogenic blood group systems after the ABO blood group system and, like other blood group antigens, it follows ethnic and racial trends. However, when it comes to D variants—partial D and weak D—most of the cohorts studied in the literature have been of European descent. This study aimed to discover the variant D trends in Detroit, Michigan, with an emphasis on Black communities.

Methods
From 2016 to 2018, there were 102 patients (women of childbearing potential: &lt; 50 years) at Henry Ford Hospital that had serologic D discrepant testing. These patients were sent out for molecular RHD determination.

Results
In total, 12.7% of patients were characterized as RhD positive and 87.3% of patients were characterized as RhD variants (nominated as RhD negative at our institution).

Conclusions
Our predominantly Black cohort sheds light on the diversity of the RhD antigen. The majority of Blacks were classified as RhD variants (RhD negative nomination at our institution). Therefore, molecular testing for this patient population with serologic RhD discrepancies is paramount to properly manage their obstetric care.
Exception, Symbolism and Compromise: The Resilience of Treason as a Capital offence
Authors: Dudai Ron 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores the causes, forms and consequences of the resilience of treason as a capital offence. Though generally overlooked by the literature on the death penalty, treason has been the second most common capital offence—after murder—in states’ law books in the post-WWII world and has had tangible effects on abolition trajectories. The article first traces the transformation of treason from the paradigmatic capital offence in the pre-modern era to a peripheral yet persistent component of contemporary death penalty. It then analyses and explains the dynamic of ‘exempting’ treason from abolition for common crimes. The third section examines situations where treason remains a capital offence on the books but is rarely used, functioning as ‘symbolic law’ with important consequences and spillover effects. In the conclusion, I argue that treason laws could become a central obstacle in the path to full global abolition of the death penalty.
A new infrageneric classification of the pantropical genusChamaecrista(Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) based on a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphology
Authors: de Souza Alessandro Oliveira , Lewis Gwilym P , da Silva Marcos José 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChamaecrista with &gt; 330 species, six sections, three subsections and 39 series has had a long and complex taxonomic history. The genus is monophyletic, but most of its traditional infrageneric categories are not. To test the monophyly of sections, subsections and series of Chamaecrista, we used two molecular phylogenetic approaches. The first (Broad) based on two DNA regions (ITS and trnL-F) includes a comprehensive sampling of Chamaecrista spp. and infrageneric taxa. The second (Multilocus) is based on four molecular regions (ITS, ETS, trnL-F and trnE-T) for a smaller but representative sampling. We performed ancestral character reconstructions to identify morphological characters that could serve as synapomorphies for major clades. Both molecular approaches support Chamaecrista and sections Apoucouita, Grimaldia and Xerocalyx as monophyletic, but sections Chamaecrista, Caliciopsis and Absus and most of the series are not monophyletic. The four main clades recovered are all characterized by a combination of morphological characters: a clade of tree species with cauliflorous inflorescences (including species of section Apoucouita); a mostly Brazilian campo rupestre clade (including all species of subsections Adenophyllum, Baseophyllum and Otophyllum); a clade of mostly herbaceous/shrubby species with solitary flowers or fascicles (including sections Chamaecrista, Caliciopsis and Xerocalyx and extra-American species) and a clade (with three main subclades) of species with viscous indumentum (including section Grimaldia and section Absus subsection Absus). We propose a new infrageneric classification for Chamaecrista supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphology, recognizing the four main clades as sections Apoucouita, Baseophyllum, Chamaecrista and Absus, the last with three subsections (Absus, Viscosa and Zygophyllum), but we do not recognize any previously circumscribed series. Our taxonomic treatment includes descriptions of and a key to the newly defined infrageneric taxa and an updated species list for the genus under the new classification.
Scalp high-frequency oscillation rates are higher in younger children
Authors: Cserpan Dorottya , Boran Ece , Lo Biundo Santo Pietro , Rosch Richard , Sarnthein Johannes , Ramantani Georgia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High-frequency oscillations in scalp EEG are promising non-invasive biomarkers of epileptogenicity. However, it is unclear how high-frequency oscillations are impacted by age in the paediatric population. We prospectively recorded whole-night scalp EEG in 30 children and adolescents with focal or generalized epilepsy. We used an automated and clinically validated high-frequency oscillation detector to determine ripple rates (80–250 Hz) in bipolar channels. Children &lt; 7 years had higher high-frequency oscillation rates (P = 0.021) when compared with older children. The median test−retest reliability of high-frequency oscillation rates reached 100% (iqr 50) for a data interval duration of 10 min. Scalp high-frequency oscillation frequency decreased with age (r = −0.558, P = 0.002), whereas scalp high-frequency oscillation duration and amplitude were unaffected. The signal-to-noise ratio improved with age (r = 0.37, P = 0.048), and the background ripple band activity decreased with age (r = −0.463, P = 0.011). We characterize the relationship of scalp high-frequency oscillation features and age in paediatric patients. EEG intervals of ≥10 min duration are required for reliable measurements of high-frequency oscillation rates. This study is a further step towards establishing scalp high-frequency oscillations as a valid epileptogenicity biomarker in this vulnerable age group.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Congenital Chloride Diarrhoea
Authors: Norsa Lorenzo , Berni Canani Roberto , Duclaux-Loras Remi , Bequet Emeline , Köglmeier Jutta , Russell Richard K , Uhlig Holm H , Travis Simon , Hollis Jennifer , Koletzko Sibylle , Grimaldi Giusi , Castaldo Giuseppe , Rodrigues Astor , Deflandre Jaques , Dembinski Lukasz , Shah Neil , Heinz-Erian Peter , Janecke Andreas , Leskinen Saara , Wedenoja Satu , Koskela Ritva , Lachaux Alain , Kolho Kaija-Leena , Ruemmele Frank M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Congenital chloride diarrhoea [CLD] is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the solute family carrier 26 member 3 [SLC26A3] gene. Patients suffer from life-long watery diarrhoea and chloride loss. Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has been reported in individual patients with CLD and in scl26a3-deficient mice.

Methods
We performed an international multicentre analysis to build a CLD cohort and to identify cases with IBD. We assessed clinical and genetic characteristics of subjects and studied the cumulative incidence of CLD-associated IBD.

Results
In a cohort of 72 patients with CLD caused by 17 different SLC26A3 mutations, we identified 12 patients [17%] diagnosed with IBD. Nine patients had Crohn’s disease, two ulcerative colitis and one IBD-unclassified [IBD-U]. The prevalence of IBD in our cohort of CLD was higher than the highest prevalence of IBD in Europe [p &lt; 0.0001]. The age of onset was variable [13.5 years, interquartile range: 8.5–23.5 years]. Patients with CLD and IBD had lower z-score for height than those without IBD. Four of 12 patients had required surgery [ileostomy formation n = 2, ileocaecal resection due to ileocaecal valve stenosis n = 1 and colectomy due to stage II transverse colon cancer n = 1]. At last follow-up, 5/12 were on biologics [adalimumab, infliximab or vedolizumab], 5/12 on immunosuppressants [azathioprine or mercaptopurine], one on 5-ASA and one off-treatment.

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of patients with CLD develop IBD. This suggests the potential involvement of SL26A3-mediated anion transport in IBD pathogenesis. Patients with CLD-associated IBD may require surgery for treatment failure or colon cancer.
Automated cardiac volume assessment and cardiac long- and short-axis imaging plane prediction from electrocardiogram-gated computed tomography volumes enabled by deep learning
Authors: Chen Zhennong , Rigolli Marzia , Vigneault Davis Marc , Kligerman Seth , Hahn Lewis , Narezkina Anna , Craine Amanda , Lowe Katherine , Contijoch Francisco 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
To develop an automated method for bloodpool segmentation and imaging plane re-slicing of cardiac computed tomography (CT) via deep learning (DL) for clinical use in coronary artery disease (CAD) wall motion assessment and reproducible longitudinal imaging.

Methods and results
One hundred patients who underwent clinically indicated cardiac CT scans with manually segmented left ventricle (LV) and left atrial (LA) chambers were used for training. For each patient, long-axis (LAX) and short-axis planes were manually defined by an imaging expert. A DL model was trained to predict bloodpool segmentations and imaging planes. Deep learning bloodpool segmentations showed close agreement with manual LV [median Dice: 0.91, Hausdorff distance (HD): 6.18 mm] and LA (Dice: 0.93, HD: 7.35 mm) segmentations and a strong correlation with manual ejection fraction (Pearson r: 0.95 LV, 0.92 LA). Predicted planes had low median location (6.96 mm) and angular orientation (7.96°) errors which were comparable to inter-reader differences (P &gt; 0.71). 84–97% of DL-prescribed LAX planes correctly intersected American Heart Association segments, which was comparable (P &gt; 0.05) to manual slicing. In a test cohort of 144 patients, we evaluated the ability of the DL approach to provide diagnostic imaging planes. Visual scoring by two blinded experts determined ≥94% of DL-predicted planes to be diagnostically adequate. Further, DL-enabled visualization of LV wall motion abnormalities due to CAD and provided reproducible planes upon repeat imaging.

Conclusion
A volumetric, DL approach provides multiple chamber segmentations and can re-slice the imaging volume along standardized cardiac imaging planes for reproducible wall motion abnormality and functional assessment.
Low-frequency ambient distributed acoustic sensing (DAS): case study from Perth, Australia
Authors: Shragge Jeffrey , Yang Jihyun , Issa Nader , Roelens Michael , Dentith Michael , Schediwy Sascha 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYAmbient wavefield data acquired on existing (so-called ‘dark fibre’) optical fibre networks using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) interrogators allow users to conduct a wide range of subsurface imaging and inversion experiments. In particular, recorded low-frequency (&lt;2 Hz) surface-wave information holds the promise of providing constraints on the shear-wave velocity (VS) to depths exceeding 0.5 km. However, surface-wave analysis can be made challenging by a number of acquisition factors that affect the amplitudes of measured DAS waveforms. To illustrate these sensitivity challenges, we present a low-frequency ambient wavefield investigation using a DAS data set acquired on a crooked-line optical fibre array deployed in suburban Perth, Western Australia. We record storm-induced microseism energy generated at the nearby Indian Ocean shelf break and/or coastline in a low-frequency band (0.04−1.80 Hz) and generate high-quality virtual shot gathers (VSGs) through cross-correlation and cross-coherence interferometric analyses. The resulting VSG volumes clearly exhibit surface wave energy, though with significant along-line amplitude variations that are due to the combined effects of ambient source directivity, crooked-line acquisition geometry and the applied gauge length, fibre coupling, among other factors. We transform the observed VSGs into dispersion images using two different methods: phase shift and high-resolution linear Radon transform. These dispersion images are then used to estimate 1-D near-surface VS models using multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), which involves picking and inverting the estimated Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves using the particle-swarm optimization global optimization algorithm. The MASW inversion results, combined with nearby deep borehole information and 2-D elastic finite-difference modeling, show that low-frequency ambient DAS data constrain the VS model, including a low-velocity channel, to at least 0.5 km depth. Thus, this case study illustrates the potential of using DAS technology as a tool for undertaking large-scale surface wave analysis in urban geophysical and geotechnical investigations to depths exceeding 0.5 km.