bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression during the COVID-19 pandemic (analysis of clinical cases)
Authors: Dorozhenok I. Yu. 
Published: February 2021

Currently, in various world regions, the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders due to the impact of coronavirus infection is repeatedly increased compared to that in previous years. Among the predictors of their development during the pandemic, there are COVID-19 symptoms, a history of mental disorders, as well as restrictive measures, and financial losses.The paper describes three clinical cases of depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the depiction of the anamnesis, somatic and mental status, the patholopsychogical qualification of the condition, and the justification of a therapy regimen. The multifactorial stressor effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has provoked an exacerbation of depression in a male patient with a history of affective disorder; the development of a nosogenic depressive reaction of demoralization in a female patient with coronavirus pneumonia; the worsening of somatization dysthymia in a female patient of involutional age. The timely recognition of depression and its treatment with currently available antidepressants have contributed to the achievement of high-quality remission, the increase of stress resistance, and the improvement of quality of life in the patients.
Privatizing Cash: Currency and Public Goods in Sweden
Authors: Peebles Gustav 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Across the world, national currencies—public goods that emerged out of a previous era of currency proliferation—are now competing with private alternatives. As paper and coins fall into disuse, the seigniorage that helps to fund the circulation and regulation of currency diminishes, while their capacity to bind together states and citizens decreases in equal measure. The Swedish central bank’s response to these threats, which includes issuing the world’s first national digital currency, charts a course that all central banks must consider in the near future.
Experimental evaluation of line-of-sight multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission for sub-6 GHz carrier frequencies
Authors: Cvetkovski Darko , Schlegel Thomas , Grass Eckhard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor the next generation wireless networks, backhaul links with data rates of severalGbit/sare required. Line-of-Sight-MIMO with optimally arranged antennas can exploit the full multiplexing gain of orthogonal MIMO streams to achieve high throughput, as shown in recent works utilizing the 60 GHz mm wave band. In contrast, conventional MIMO systems operating at sub-6 GHz carrier frequencies, as utilized in modern WLAN networks, rely on rich scattering channels to enable reliable transmissions. In this work, we explore the feasibility of applying the LoS-MIMO concept to wireless single-carrier links operating at sub-6 GHz frequencies. For this, we investigate the sub-6 GHz LoS-MIMO channel in a 4 × 4 MIMO configuration by performing measurements in an anechoic chamber and an outdoor backhaul-like environment. In addition, different adaptive equalizers are evaluated. The results show, that the LoS-MIMO concept holds for sub-6 GHz frequencies both in pure LoS and in outdoor environments. It provides high multiplexing gain; however, the multipath propagation limits the potential performance of the equalizers in terms of achievable BER.
Grundwortschatz in der mündlichen Berufskommunikation. Empirische Untersuchung und Perspektiven für eine integrierte Vermittlung allgemein- und berufssprachlicher Kompetenzen
Authors: Meißner Cordula 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Für eine Vermittlung des Deutschen als fremder Sprache, die auf einen Gebrauch der Sprache im Berufsleben vorbereiten will, stellt sich die Frage nach Möglichkeiten der Verknüpfung von allgemein- und berufssprachlicher Ausbildung. Der Beitrag stellt eine zweiteilige Korpusstudie vor, die anhand von Daten der authentischen mündlichen Kommunikation die in verschiedenen beruflichen Kontexten übergreifend gebrauchte Verblexik bestimmt und exemplarisch gemeinsame und berufsspezifische Gebrauchscharakteristika ermittelt. Eine Gegenüberstellung der Ergebnisse mit dem auf B1 (beziehungsweise A2) vermittelten Wortschatzwissen zeigt Anknüpfungspunkte für eine integrierte Vermittlung auf.
Interkulturell war gestern. Zur Vermittlung transkultureller und interprofessioneller Kompetenz in medizinischen Sprachkursen
Authors: Putzier Agnieszka 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel des Beitrags ist es, auf für den Kontext Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) und Deutsch als Zweitsprache (DaZ) relevante Aspekte der medizinischen Kommunikation von Ärztinnen und Ärzten hinzuweisen, die einerseits durch die Neuentwicklung von Versorgungsstrukturen (z. B. Palliativversorgung) und andererseits durch die Reformbemühungen um den Stellenwert der klinischen Kommunikationsausbildung (z. B. „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“) bedingt sind. Dazu werden Überlegungen zu einer Neuzuschneidung, Erweiterung und Ausdifferenzierung der kommunikativen Kompetenz im Kontext von medizinischer Aus- und Weiterbildung angestellt. Abschließend werden die sich hieraus ergebenden Implikationen für die Vermittlung von DaF und DaZ für Ärztinnen und Ärzte dargestellt.
Zwischen Kognition, Wahrnehmung und Sprache: ein Konzept-Repräsentations-modell zur Vorbereitung auf den sprachsensiblen Physikunterricht
Authors: Schwichow Martin , Wulff Nadja 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag diskutiert ein Modell zur Analyse der Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen alltags- und fachsprachlichen Repräsentationen physikalischer Konzepte. Auf Grundlage der kognitiven Metapherntheorie (Lakoff/Johnson 2018) gliedert das Modell die Rekonstruktion von Schülervorstellungen in vier Analyseebenen und bereitet Lehrkräfte auf den sprachsensiblen Fachunterricht vor, indem es aufzeigt, wie Reflexion über Alltags- und Fachsprache angeregt und konzeptuelles Lernen gefördert werden kann.
In silico approach: docking study of oxindole derivatives against the main protease of COVID-19 and its comparison with existing therapeutic agents
Authors: Shah Vraj R. , Bhaliya Jaydip D. , Patel Gautam M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesPresently, the pandemic of COVID-19 has worsened the situation worldwide and received global attention. The United States of America have the highest numbers of a patient infected by this disease followed by Brazil, Russia, India and many other countries. Moreover, lots of research is going on to find out effective vaccines or medicine, but still, no potent vaccine or drug is discovered to cure COVID-19. As a consequence, many types of research have designated that computer-based studies, such as protein–ligand interactions, structural dynamics, and chembio modeling are the finest choice due to its low cost and time-saving features. Here, oxindole derivatives have been chosen for docking because of their immense pharmacological applications like antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and so on. Molecular docking of 30 oxindole derivatives done on the crystallized structure of the protein (COVID-19 Mpro).MethodsThe process of docking, interaction, and binding the structure of ligand with protein has executed using Molegro Virtual Docker v.7.0.0 (MVD) and visualized the usage by Molegro Molecular Viewer v.7.0.0 (MMV).ResultsAmong the 30 derivatives, the outcomes depicted better steric interaction and hydrogen bonding amongst OD-22 ligand, OD-16 ligand, OD-4 ligand, and OD-9 ligand (oxindole derivatives) with COVID-19. In addition to this, the comparative study of these four compounds with existing drugs that are under clinical trials shows comparatively good results in terms of its MolDock scores, H-bonding and steric interactions.ConclusionsHence, It is proposed that these four oxindole derivatives have good potential as a new drug against coronavirus as possible therapeutic agents.
Recovery of Pure Economic Loss in China: Current Situation, Problems and Future Prospects
Authors: Yan Yu , Faure Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Should pure economic loss be compensated in China? If so, to what extent? Both questions are left unsolved in the established literature. We contribute to the existing literature by showing that the Chinese courts have developed a relatively conservative attitude towards the compensation of pure economic loss and that the arguments adopted by the courts to deny recovery are neither fair nor reasonable. Using the law and economics analysis, we have recourse to four complementary solutions. First, pure economic loss cases involving socially relevant losses should be compensated. Second, when social losses are not involved, pure economic loss should also be compensated if the third parties are willing to pay or have paid for protection against such a loss. Third, to relieve the excessive pressure imposed by the compensation for such loss, the concepts of causation and the duty of the victim to mitigate damage need to be further clarified in Chinese laws. Fourth, when determining the amount of compensation for pure economic loss, we should carefully balance the trade-off among a variety of factors, including the extent to which the damage could have been foreseen, the nature of the loss, the blameworthiness of the tortfeasor, the size of the plaintiff class, the public policy toward professional standards, the victim’s private loss, the social loss, the courts’ capacities to calculate the loss, and the third parties’ willingness to pay for protection against the loss.
Poor match rates of osteopathic applicants into ACGME dermatology and other competitive specialties
Authors: Craig Elise , Brotzman Erica , Farthing Benjamin , Giesey Rachel , Lloyd Jenifer 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
There has been a steady increase in the number of osteopathic (DO) medical students in the United States without a corresponding increase in DO representation in competitive specialties.

Objectives
To investigate the trends and impact of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) single accreditation system on DO match rates into dermatology and other competitive specialty programs.

Methods
Information was collected through public databases (Electronic Residency Application Service [ERAS]; National Resident Matching Program [NRMP]; Association of American Medical Colleges [AAMC]; National Match Service, Inc. [NMS]; and the ACGME) to evaluate the match statistics of competitive specialties, including dermatology, otolaryngology, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and plastic surgery. Residency program and medical school websites and residency communications were used to confirm whether the match placements were to programs that had traditionally been ACGME-accredited or former American Osteopathic Association (AOA) programs.

Results
From 2012 to 2016 (pre-unification), osteopathic graduates comprised only 0.5% of the matches the specific specialties studied here and only 0.9% of ACGME dermatology positions. Post-unification (2017–2019), DOs comprised 2.0% of the matches into these specialties and 4.4% of the total ACGME dermatology positions. This apparent increase is misleading, as it is solely due to the transition of formerly AOA programs to ACGME status. The true post-unification DO match rate to traditionally ACGME programs is actually 0.6% for all competitive specialties and 0.4% for dermatology. Post-unification, 27.6% of formerly AOA positions in these competitive specialties were filled by allopathic (MD) applicants.

Conclusions
DO match rates into dermatology and other competitive specialties were poor prior to GME unification and continue to remain low. This situation, when coupled with the closing of many AOA programs and MDs matching into former AOA positions, threatens the future of osteopathic physicians in competitive specialties. Osteopathic recognition is one way to potentially help preserve osteopathic representation and philosophy in the single accreditation system era. Programs should not be hesitant to consider osteopathic applicants for competitive specialties.
Reflections on the Ontology of Money
Authors: Mäki Uskali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The suggestions outlined here include the following. Money is a bundle of institutionally sustained causal powers. Money is an institutional universal instantiated in generic currencies and particular money tokens. John Searle’s account of institutional facts is not helpful for understanding the nature of money as an institution (while it may help to illuminate aspects of the nature of currencies and money particulars). The money universal is not a social convention in David Lewis’s sense (while currencies and money particulars are characterized by high degrees of conventionality). The existence of the money universal is dependent on a larger institutional structure and cannot be understood in terms of collective belief or acceptance or agreement separately focusing on money. These claims have important implications for realism about money.
Heterogeneous sets: a diachronic typology of associative and similative plurals
Authors: Mauri Caterina , Sansò Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a diachronic typology of what we call ‘heterogeneous plurals’, an overarching term comprising associative plurals (expressions meaning X[person]& company) and similative plurals (expressions meaning X and similar entities). Based on a 110-language sample, we identify the most recurrent sources of these two types of plurals by means of various types of evidence (homophony/identity, internal reconstruction, comparison with cognate languages). The two types of plurals develop out of different source types: while the sources of associative plurals include elements that work as set constructors (plural anaphoric elements, plural possessives, names meaning ‘group’), those of similative plurals comprise elements with vague reference such as interrogative/indefinite items or uncertainty markers. There are also a few source types that may develop into both associative and similative plurals, such as connectives (‘and/with’) and universal quantifiers (‘every/all’). The differences in the diachronic pathways leading to the two types of plurals are explained in terms of the different referential properties of the nominal bases from which they are formed (proper names/kin terms vs. common nouns), but also taking into account the typical discourse contexts in which the two types of plurals are employed.
The physiopathology of spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke: a systematic review
Authors: Morais Filho Alcivan Batista de , Rego Thiago Luis de Holanda , Mendonça Letícia de Lima , Almeida Sulyanne Saraiva de , Nóbrega Mariana Lima da , Palmieri Thais de Oliveira , Giustina Gabriela Zanotto Della , Melo Jáderson Pimenta , Pinheiro Francisco Irochima , Guzen Fausto Pierdoná 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, despite being less common, it presents more aggressively and leads to more severe sequelae than ischemic stroke. There are two types of HS: Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH), differing not only in the site of bleeding, but also in the mechanisms responsible for acute and subacute symptoms. This is a systematic review of databases in search of works of the last five years relating to the comprehension of both kinds of HS. Sixty two articles composed the direct findings of the recent literature and were further characterized to construct the pathophysiology in the order of events. The road to the understanding of the spontaneous HS pathophysiology is far from complete. Our findings show specific and individual results relating to the natural history of the disease of ICH and SAH, presenting common and different risk factors, distinct and similar clinical manifestations at onset or later days to weeks, and possible complications for both.
Neuronal and glial CSF biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Momtazmanesh Sara , Shobeiri Parnian , Saghazadeh Amene , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Burman Joachim , Szalardy Levente , Klivenyi Peter , Bartos Ales , Fernandes Adelaide , Rezaei Nima 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with inflammatory demyelination and astroglial activation, with neuronal and axonal damage as the leading factors of disability. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to determine changes in CSF levels of neuronal and glial biomarkers, including neurofilament light chain (NFL), total tau (t-tau), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and S100B in various groups of MS (MS versus controls, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) versus controls, CIS versus MS, relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) versus progressive MS (PMS), and MS in relapse versus remission. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we included 64 articles in the meta-analysis, including 4071 subjects. For investigation of sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Meta-analyses were performed for comparisons including at least three individual datasets. NFL, GFAP, t-tau, CHI3L1, and S100B were higher in MS and NFL, t-tau, and CHI3L1 were also elevated in CIS patients than controls. CHI3L1 was the only marker with higher levels in MS than CIS. GFAP levels were higher in PMS versus RRMS, and NFL, t-tau, and CHI3L1 did not differ between different subtypes. Only levels of NFL were higher in patients in relapse than remission. Meta-regression showed influence of sex and disease severity on NFL and t-tau levels, respectively and disease duration on both. Added to the role of these biomarkers in determining prognosis and treatment response, to conclude, they may serve in diagnosis of MS and distinguishing different subtypes.
New Osmotic Tensiometer Development
Authors: Rahardjo Harianto , Shen Yuanjie , Tsen-Tieng Daryl Lee , Ramos-Rivera Johnatan , Nong Xue-Feng , Hamdany Abdul Halim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Climatic variations induce negative pore-water pressure or soil suction oscillations in unsaturated soil with daily and seasonal cycles. The dramatic suction changes of unsaturated soil in shallow depths can lead to engineering failures. However, suction measurements using conventional water-based tensiometers are limited to 98-kPa suction that is due to water cavitation. Therefore, they are not able to capture variations of high suction values near the ground surface. A newly proposed osmotic tensiometer was developed using a cross-linked polymer-water solution to allow the high suction measurement range and provide a reliable and consistent suction response under long-term field monitoring. The unique swelling behavior of the polymer-water solution extends the suction measurement capacity to suction values above 1.5 MPa. Laboratory verification and calibration were carried out with centrifuge (covers the lower range of suction measurement from 0.66 to 250 kPa) and WP4C potentiometer (covers the higher range of suction measurement beyond 250 kPa). The proposed osmotic tensiometer can measure rapid suction changes during drying and wetting paths. Long-term laboratory monitoring using the submerged osmotic tensiometer in a deionized water reservoir demonstrated reliable and consistent suction measurements. Osmotic pressure decay was observed after a long testing period because of the leakage of polymer particles through the high air-entry ceramic disc. A series of parametric studies was performed to explore the optimal tensiometer configuration to minimize the pressure decay. Polymer adsorption measurements from ultraviolet-visible spectrometry were used to quantify the polymer leakage. The newly proposed osmotic tensiometer is expected to capture field suction changes that are due to rainfall precipitation (wetting) and evaporation (drying) and provide long-term, accurate, and consistent suction measurements for geotechnical engineering applications.
Primary hyperparathyroidism and Zollinger Ellison syndrome during pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Ali Dalal , Divilly Patrick , Prichard Ruth , O’Toole Dermot , O’Shea Donal , Crowley Rachel K 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare inherited endocrine disorder with a high rate of penetrance. The incidence of MEN1 is 1/30,000 in the general population; however, it is quite rare for a patient to present for medical attention with MEN1 for the first time in pregnancy. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the most common features of MEN1. The incidence of PHPT occurring in pregnancy is 1%. Despite advances in the medical, surgical and obstetric care over the years, management of this condition during pregnancy may be challenging. It can be difficult to identify pregnant women with PHPT requiring intervention and to monitor safely. Hypercalcemia can result in significant maternal and fetal adverse outcomes including: miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, neonatal hypocalcaemia, pre-eclampsia and maternal nephrolithiasis. Herein, we present a case study of a lady with a strong family history of MEN1, who was biochemically proven to have PHPT and evidence of Zollinger Ellison Syndrome (ZE) on endoscopy. This patient delayed her assisted pregnancy plans for in vitro fertilization (IVF) until completion of the MEN1 workup; nevertheless, she spontaneously achieved an unplanned pregnancy. As a result, she required intervention with parathyroidectomy in the second trimester of her pregnancy as her calcium level continued to rise. This case study highlights the workup, follow up and management of MEN1 presenting with PHPT and ZE in pregnancy.

Learning points

Women of childbearing age who are suspected to have a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism ideally should have genetic testing and avoid pregnancy until definitive plans are in place.

Zollinger Ellison syndrome in pregnancy means off-label use of high dose of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Use of PPI in pregnancy is considered to be safe based on retrospective studies. Omeprazole, however, is FDA class C drug because of lack of large prospective studies or large case series during pregnancy.

Calcium supplements in the form of calcium carbonate must be converted to calcium chloride by gastric acid in order to be absorbed, however, patients rendered achlorhydric as a result of PPI use will have impaired absorption of calcium. Therefore, use of calcium citrate might be considered a better option in this case.