bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical examination of an integrative model for asset pricing – evidence from US market
Authors: Bhaskaran Rajesh Kumar , Kovilathumpaday Sukumaran Sujit 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe current study proposes an integrative framework for examination of determinants of stock returns in US market based on the five-factor Fama and French (FF) model, macroeconomic variables and investor sentimental factors. The study is based on both value weighted and equally weighted monthly portfolio returns of all CRSP firms which are incorporated in the United States and listed on the NYSE, AMEX or NASDAQ.Design/methodology/approachThe study applies PLS-SEM methodology to examine the major determinants of portfolio return.FindingsThe study suggests that investor sentiments are the major driving forces which positively influence the portfolio stock returns. The macroeconomic factors, the FF Factors and Momentum factor have negative influences on portfolio stock returns.Originality/valueThe study is the first of its kind which aim to determine the determinants of portfolio returns using the PLS-SEM methodology.
Exploring mining multinational resettlements and corporate social responsibility in emerging economies: the case of the company VALE, SA in Mozambique
Authors: Machanguana Constâncio A. , Dias Sardinha Idalina 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to contribute to the scientific and societal debates about the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and particularly on the resettlements’ processes as part of extractive multinational companies (MNCs)’s commitments where the host country is an emerging extractive economy.

Design/methodology/approach
It is an exploratory study based on the analysis of secondary data, few interviews and on-site observation and deals with the description of the assessment of VALE, SA resettlement processes and assumed CSR practices of VALE, SA, an MNC operating in the Moatize district, Tete province in Mozambique.

Findings
The MNC assumes resettlement processes to be part of the CSR arena and reveals that VALE, SA follows a reactive poor approach as to CSR. The weak institutional context in Mozambique is like others described in the literature. The empirical data together with the sense of an ethical responsibility approach associated with resettlement processes and the paradigm shift in aid for trade as to development supported by the MNC’s CSR leads to the conclusion that resettlement can be considered part of the CSR of a mining MNC.

Research limitations/implications
The difficult access to key informants of the resettled communities, local government and little interest in interview participation by VALE, SA, showed a current lack of confidence and communication limitations by the company as to this issue.

Practical implications
The failure of VALE, SA and other mining companies to meet their resettlement responsibilities and the inability of government supervision, requires local and national, as well as social and scientific communication processes and debate on this issue to be maintained on an ongoing basis during the mining life cycle to guaranty accomplishments of CSR.

Social implications
The controversy over whether mining MNCs will benefit Africa’s emerging economies as to their socio-economic development will continue until MNCs commit themselves and act to be economically, legally and ethically responsible for contributing to the sustainable development of the countries where they operate.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the debate on whether CSR frames the resettlement process based on literature review and key stakeholder views.
Stakeholders’ perception of the sustainability of a tourism destination: a methodological framework to find out relationships and similarity of opinions
Authors: Damian Ionela Mihaela , Navarro Enrique , Ruiz Francisco 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the similarity of opinions regarding the stakeholder’s perception about the importance of the different aspects considered when measuring the sustainability of a tourism destination (through the assignment of weights to a previously established system of indicators). Besides, the use of stakeholder analysis networks is validated as a means to understand the different perceptions.

Design/methodology/approach
A combination of techniques is used. The stakeholders have been identified using a snowball sample. The network analysis examines the relationships. A power measure based on resource dependency theories is proposed. Possible tensions, as results of different perceptions among individual stakeholders in the context of the measurement of sustainability, are examined using a degree of similarity of opinions based on the Euclidean distance.

Findings
Although a large number of stakeholders communicate quite frequently to carry out their activities and believe that they greatly share viewpoints regarding sustainability, the social network analysis reveals that there are significant diversities of opinion. The power indicator and the degree of similarity measure proposed are found to be useful tools for studying the similarities of opinions among the stakeholders.

Practical implications
This approach is applied to sustainability governance conditions. Democratic processes are enhanced to measure sustainability. Directions to improve the sustainability of a tourist destination can be provided by achieving a consensus about sustainability policies. The conclusions about the similarities and differences among the perceptions of different stakeholders can be considered in decision-making processes about sustainability.

Originality/value
No previous studies have identified and analyzed the stakeholder network from the perspectives of measurement of sustainability of a tourism destination and the degree of similarity of their opinions.
Initiation of efficient C4 pathway in response to low ambient CO2 during the bloom period of a marine dinoflagellate
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhou Youping , Liu Tian‐Qi , Yin Xi‐Jie , Lin Lin , Lin Qiang , Wang Da‐Zhi 
Published: May 2021

SummaryDinoflagellates are important primary producers and major causative agents of harmful algal blooms in the global ocean. Despite the great ecological significance, the photosynthetic carbon acquisition by dinoflagellates is still poorly understood. The pathways of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in a marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense under both in situ and laboratory‐simulated bloom conditions were investigated using a combination of metaproteomics, qPCR, stable carbon isotope and targeted metabolomics approaches. A rapid consumption of dissolved CO2 to generate high biomass was observed as the bloom proceeded. The carbon assimilation genes and proteins including intracellular carbonic anhydrase 2, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and RubisCO as well as their enzyme activities were all highly expressed at the low CO2 level, indicating that C4 photosynthetic pathway functioned in the blooming P. donghaiense cells. Furthermore, δ13C values and content of C4 compound (malate) significantly increased with the decreasing CO2 concentration. The transition from C3 to C4 pathway minimizes the internal CO2 leakage and guarantees efficient carbon fixation at the low CO2 level. This study demonstrates the existence of C4 photosynthetic pathway in a marine dinoflagellate and reveals its important complementary role to assist carbon assimilation for cell proliferation during the bloom period.
Distinctive features of the Gac‐Rsm pathway in plant‐associated Pseudomonas
Authors: Ferreiro María‐Dolores , Gallegos María‐Trinidad 
Published: May 2021

SummaryProductive plant–bacteria interactions, either beneficial or pathogenic, require that bacteria successfully sense, integrate and respond to continuously changing environmental and plant stimuli. They use complex signal transduction systems that control a vast array of genes and functions. The Gac‐Rsm global regulatory pathway plays a key role in controlling fundamental aspects of the apparently different lifestyles of plant beneficial and phytopathogenic Pseudomonas as it coordinates adaptation and survival while either promoting plant health (biocontrol strains) or causing disease (pathogenic strains). Plant‐interacting Pseudomonas stand out for possessing multiple Rsm proteins and Rsm RNAs, but the physiological significance of this redundancy is not yet clear. Strikingly, the components of the Gac‐Rsm pathway and the controlled genes/pathways are similar, but the outcome of its regulation may be opposite. Therefore, identifying the target mRNAs bound by the Rsm proteins and their mode of action (repression or activation) is essential to explain the resulting phenotype. Some technical considerations to approach the study of this system are also given. Overall, several important features of the Gac‐Rsm cascade are now understood in molecular detail, particularly in Pseudomonas protegens CHA0, but further questions remain to be solved in other plant‐interacting Pseudomonas.
Fungi populate deep‐sea coral gardens as well as marine sediments in the Irish Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Marchese Pietro , Garzoli Laura , Young Ryan , Allcock Louise , Barry Frank , Tuohy Maria , Murphy Mary 
Published: May 2021

SummaryFungi populate deep Oceans in extreme habitats characterized by high hydrostatic pressure, low temperature and absence of sunlight. Marine fungi are potential major contributors to biogeochemical events, critical for marine communities and food web equilibrium under climate change conditions and a valuable source of novel extremozymes and small molecules. Despite their ecophysiological and biotechnological relevance, fungal deep‐sea biodiversity has not yet been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we describe the culturable mycobiota associated with the deepest margin of the European Western Continental Shelf: sediments sampled at the Porcupine Bank and deep‐water corals and sponges sampled in the Whittard Canyon. Eighty‐seven strains were isolated, belonging to 43 taxa and mainly Ascomycota. Ten species and four genera were detected for the first time in the marine environment and a possible new species of Arachnomyces was isolated from sediments. The genera Cladosporium and Penicillium were the most frequent and detected on both substrates, followed by Candida and Emericellopsis. Our results showed two different fungal communities: sediment‐associated taxa which were predominantly saprotrophic and animal‐associated taxa which were predominantly symbiotic. This survey supports selective fungal biodiversity in the deep North Atlantic, encouraging further mycological studies on cold water coral gardens, often overexploited marine habitats.
Cyber resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic crisis: A case study
Authors: Groenendaal Jelle , Helsloot Ira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic crisis around the world and the resulting unprecedented measures taken by governments required organizations to quickly adopt new ways of (remotely) working. At face value, this would suggest a higher vulnerability for cyber threats. This research note analyses how a global financial institution dealt with this challenge by using Hollnagel's four abilities for resilient performance as a theoretical lens. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with eleven key actors were conducted. Three findings stand out. First, the interviews suggest that the organization performed cyber resiliently in the sense that the number of incidents and impact were not significantly higher. Second, the interviews show that all four abilities of resilience were formally developed prior to the COVID‐19 outbreak, but rarely resulted in anticipatory adjustment. Third, the interviews indicate that the ability to respond contributed most to the organization's cyber resilience during the pandemic crisis. To conclude, our research note raises the question to what extent the four potentials should be developed beforehand in order to perform resiliently during crises.
Metabolic regulation adapting to high methanol environment in the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea methanolica
Authors: Cai Hao‐Liang , Doi Ryohei , Shimada Masaya , Hayakawa Takashi , Nakagawa Tomoyuki 
Published: May 2021

SummarySince methylotrophic yeasts such as Ogataea methanolica can use methanol as a sole carbon feedstock, they could be applied to produce valuable products from methanol, a next‐generation energy source synthesized from natural gases, using genetic engineering tools. In this study, metabolite profiling of O. methanolica was conducted under glucose (Glc) and low and high methanol (L‐ and H‐MeOH) conditions to show the adaptation mechanism to a H‐MeOH environment. The yeast strain responded not only to the presence of methanol but also to its concentration based on the growth condition. Under H‐MeOH conditions, O. methanolica downregulated the methanol utilization, glycolytic pathway and alcohol oxidase (AOD) isozymes and dihydroxyacetone synthase (DAS) expression compared with L‐MeOH‐grown cells. However, levels of energy carriers, such as ATP, were maintained to support cell survival. In H‐MeOH‐grown cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were significantly elevated. Along with increasing ROS levels, ROS scavenging system expression was significantly increased in H‐MeOH‐grown cells. Thus, we concluded that formaldehyde and H2O2, which are products of methanol oxidation by AOD isozymes in the peroxisome, are overproduced in H‐MeOH‐grown cells, and excessive ROS derived from these cells is generated in the cytosol, resulting in upregulation of the antioxidant system and downregulation of the methanol‐utilizing pathway to suppress overproduction of toxic intermediates.
U.S. Monetary Policy and Commodity Prices: A SVECM Approach
Authors: Siami‐Namini Sima 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article discusses how U.S. monetary policy shocks can influence commodity prices. Historically, a lot of studies in the literature have investigated the impact of short‐term interest rates on different types of commodity prices. This article takes a more comprehensive approach and contributes to the literature by analysing the effect of both short‐ and long‐term interest rates as well as M2 money stock on commodity prices at aggregate and sub‐indices levels. The “B‐model” variant of structural vector error correction models (SVECMs) is used to estimate the restricted contemporaneous impact matrix (SR) and the restricted long‐term impact matrix (LR). Furthermore, SVECMs impulse response functions are used to evaluate the extent to which monetary policy shocks explain commodity prices. In contrast with the results of previous studies, we do not find evidence of a strong response pattern of commodity prices to monetary policy shocks in the short term. However, monetary policy shocks can explain commodity prices and their components in the long term. From a policy point of view, monetary authorities should exercise caution in using short‐term effects of monetary policy instruments on commodity prices, given their long‐term impact is inflationary while there are no beneficial short‐term effects.
Characteristics of Li‐Fraumeni syndrome in Japan: A review study by the special committee of JSHT
Authors: Funato Michinori , Tsunematsu Yukiko , Yamazaki Fumito , Tamura Chieko , Kumamoto Tadashi , Takagi Masatoshi , Kato Shunsuke , Sugimura Haruhiko , Tamura Kazuo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLi‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome, and the majority of patients with LFS have been identified with germline variants in the p53 tumor suppressor (TP53) gene. In the past three decades, considerable case reports of TP53 germline variants have been published in Japan. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no large‐scale studies of Japanese patients with LFS. In this study, we aimed to identify Japanese patients with TP53 germline variants and to reveal the characteristics of LFS in Japan. We collected reported cases by reviewing the medical literature and cases diagnosed at the institutions of the authors. We identified 68 individuals from 48 families with TP53 germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. Of the 48 families, 35 (72.9%) had missense variants, most of which were located within the DNA‐binding loop. A total of 128 tumors were identified in the 68 affected individuals. The 128 tumor sites were as follows: breast, 25; bones, 16; brain, 12; hematological, 11; soft tissues, 10; stomach, 10; lung, 10; colorectum, 10; adrenal gland, 9; liver, 4; and others, 11. Unique phenotype patterns of LFS were shown in Japan in comparison with those in a large national LFS cohort study in France. Above all, a higher frequency of patients with stomach cancer was observed in Japanese TP53 germline variant carriers. These results may provide useful information for the clinical management of LFS in Japan.
Dental caries and psychosocial factors: Testing a conceptual model in adolescents
Authors: Baxevanos Konstantinos , Menexes Georgios , Lazaridou Asimina , Coolidge Trilby , Topitsoglou Vasiliki , Kalfas Sotirios 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesA conceptual model was designed to examine interrelations among psychosocial factors, oral health behaviour, and dental caries in a sample of adolescents.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study design of 531 Greek families included an oral examination and a survey completed by adolescents, and a survey completed by mothers. The outcome measure was dental caries experience. Additionally, dental sealants were recorded. The participants provided information which comprised the Sense of Coherence (SoC) scale and 11 psychosocial and behavioural variables that formed 6 composite variables (life‐course experiences, socio‐economic status, perceived parental support, perceived parental punishment, preventive measures, sugar intake frequency). The composite variables of preventive measures and sugar intake formed the latent variable of oral health behaviour. The interrelations of the above factors were included in a conceptual model and tested using a Structural Equation Modelling analysis.ResultsData fit the proposed conceptual model (χ2 = 23.338, df = 14, P = .055, RMSEA = 0.036). Among psychosocial variables, adolescent's SoC was the best predictor of both dental caries (Standardized Regression Coefficient ‐ Std. RC ± Standard Error (SE) = −0.178 ± 0.04) and oral health behaviour (Std. RC ± SE = −0.378 ± 0.09). All psychosocial factors were associated with SoC (Std. RCs ± SE between −0.162 ± 0.04 and 0.211 ± 0.04) and via SoC with oral health behaviour (Std. RCs ± SE between −0.080 ± 0.03 and 0.061 ± 0.02).ConclusionsA conceptual model was tested that integrated SoC with the psychosocial factors theoretically shaping it and clarified all factors’ predictive abilities on dental caries via oral health behaviour.
Screw stability of CAD‐CAM titanium and zirconia abutments on different implants: An in vitro study
Authors: Yilmaz Burak , Çakmak Gülce , Batak Burcu , Johnston William M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLimited information is available regarding the removal torque values (RTVs) of screws of different abutment materials when used with different implants.PurposeTo evaluate the effect of implant type and abutment material (zirconia; Zir and titanium; Ti) on the RTVs of abutment screws after cyclic loading.Materials and methodsInternal conical connection implants (CC, OsseoSpeed TX) and modified internal conical connection implants (MCC, OsseoSpeed EV) (n = 10) were clamped in resin dies. Zir and Ti (N = 20) custom abutments were tightened to implants (20 Ncm for CC and 25 Ncm for MCC) as specified by their manufacturers. The abutments were cyclically loaded by using a sequentially increased loading protocol; 2‐million cycles under 100 N, 3‐million cycles under 200 N, and 2‐million cycles under 300 N loads with 2 Hz. After 7 million cycles, RTVs (Ncm) were measured by using a torque gauge. The data were analyzed with ANOVA by using the restricted maximum likelihood estimation method. Tukey–Kramer adjustment was used for any significant interaction of implant‐abutment pairs (α = 0.05).ResultsTwo CC implants, 1 with Ti and 1 with Zir abutment, fractured during cyclic loading (under 300 N loads within the 6th and 7th million cycles) and discarded for statistical analysis. Only implant type had a significant effect on RTVs (p <0.001). Screws of Ti abutments on MCC implants had significantly higher RTVs than the screws of Ti (p = 0.003) and Zir (p = 0.005) abutments on CC implants.ConclusionsImplant type affected the RTVs, however, the RTVs were higher than the initial torque values for all groups. Screws of Ti abutments on implant, which required greater initial torque values had higher RTVs than the screws of Ti and Zir abutments on the implant that required smaller initial torque values. RTVs were similar for Zir and Ti abutment screws within each implant type.
Assessing the prevalence of protected species consumption by rural communities in Makira Natural Park, Madagascar, through the unmatched count technique
Authors: Spira Charlotte , Raveloarison Rivo , Cournarie Morgane , Strindberg Samantha , O'Brien Tim , Wieland Michelle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn tropical Africa, wild meat consumption by rural communities who live in or near protected areas can be a major challenge in the conservation of threatened species. Lemurs and the fossa are among the species consumed in Makira Natural Park, Madagascar. Because of their low reproductive rates and the high human population density, these species are known to be hunted unsustainably. We estimated the prevalence of lemur and fossa meat consumption in villages within and around Makira Natural Park using an indirect questioning method, the unmatched count technique (UCT), and compared it with results from direct questioning. The UCT revealed that 53.0% of households had eaten lemur meat over the previous year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.0–64.1%) and 24.2% had eaten fossa meat (95% CI: 14.2–34.2%). The percentage of households that ate lemur meat estimated through the UCT was more than 3.3 times higher than that obtained from direct questioning, and 12 times higher for fossa. Our estimates will be used to define the scale needed for a behavior change campaign to be conducted in the study area and will serve as a baseline to assess the impact of conservation activities aimed at reducing the consumption of lemurs and fossas.
A Shift in Authority: Applying Transformational and Distributed Leadership Models to Create Inclusive Informal STEM Learning Environments
Authors: Letourneau Susan M. , Bennett Dorothy , McMillan Culp Katherine , Mohabir Priya , Schloss Dana , Liu ChangChia James , Honey Margaret 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch across fields has converged on the importance of grounding STEM learning in learners’ personal, social, and cultural experiences. This article describes how distributed and transformational leadership models in science centers can enable a paradigm shift away from unidirectional communication of scientific information from institution to visitor, and toward practices that prioritize the diversity of visitors’ own experiences and their agency as learners and thinkers. Three case studies (on exhibit design, facilitation, and activity development) illustrate how adopting elements of distributed and transformational leadership models allowed project teams at the New York Hall of Science to operationalize the theoretical foundations of our museum’s educational philosophy across multiple areas of the organization. Across the three projects, supporting visitors’ agency and centering their diverse perspectives and prior knowledge required a parallel shift toward increased collaboration and agency among staff with diverse roles and areas of expertise.