bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homotopy nilpotency of some homogeneous spaces
Authors: Golasiński Marek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLet $${\mathbb {K}}={\mathbb {R}},\,{\mathbb {C}}$$

K
=
R
,

C

, the field of reals or complex numbers and $${\mathbb {H}}$$
H
, the skew $${\mathbb {R}}$$
R
-algebra of quaternions. We study the homotopy nilpotency of the loop spaces $$\Omega (G_{n,m}({\mathbb {K}}))$$

Ω
(

G

n
,
m

(
K
)

)

, $$\Omega (F_{n;n_1,\ldots ,n_k}({\mathbb {K}}))$$

Ω
(

F

n
;

n
1

,
…
,

n
k

(
K
)

)

, and $$\Omega (V_{n,m}({\mathbb {K}}))$$

Ω
(

V

n
,
m

(
K
)

)

of Grassmann $$G_{n,m}({\mathbb {K}})$$

G

n
,
m

(
K
)

, flag $$F_{n;n_1,\ldots ,n_k}({\mathbb {K}})$$

F

n
;

n
1

,
…
,

n
k

(
K
)

and Stiefel $$V_{n,m}({\mathbb {K}})$$

V

n
,
m

(
K
)

manifolds. Additionally, homotopy nilpotency classes of p-localized $$\Omega (G^+_{n,m}({\mathbb {K}})_{(p)})$$

Ω
(

G

n
,
m

+

(
K
)

(
p
)

)

and $$\Omega (V_{n,m}({\mathbb {K}})_{(p)})$$

Ω
(

V

n
,
m

(
K
)

(
p
)

)

for certain primes p are estimated, where $$G^+_{n,m}({\mathbb {K}})_{(p)}$$

G

n
,
m

+

(
K
)

(
p
)

is the oriented Grassmann manifolds. Further, the homotopy nilpotency classes of loop spaces of localized homogeneous spaces given as quotients of exceptional Lie groups are investigated as well.
Performance of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in patients with recurrent prostate cancer after prostatectomy—a multi-centre evaluation of 2533 patients
Authors: Afshar-Oromieh Ali , da Cunha Marcelo Livorsi , Wagner Jairo , Haberkorn Uwe , Debus Nils , Weber Wolfgang , Eiber Matthias , Holland-Letz Tim , Rauscher Isabel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the performance of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer (PC) after prostatectomy in a large multicentre cohort.

Methods
The centres, which contributed to this study, were the departments of nuclear medicine of Heidelberg (Germany), Technical University of Munich (Germany) and Albert Einstein Hospital of São Paulo (Brazil). A total of 2533 patients who were scanned with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT at 1 h p.i. due to recurrent PC after prostatectomy were included in this retrospective analysis. Exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with untreated primary tumour, previous chemotherapy or Xofigo®; those previously treated with exclusively external beam radiation therapy or HIFU; those referred for PSMA-therapy; and those treated with ADT (including first- and second-generation ADT) within the last 6 months. Potential influences of different factors such as PSA level, PSA doubling-time (PSADT), PSA velocity (PSAVel), Gleason Score (GSC, including the separate analysis of 7a and 7b), age and amount of injected tracer were evaluated in a multivariable analysis.

Results
The rate of pathologic PET/CT-scans was 43% for PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/ml, 58% for PSA > 0.2 to ≤ 0.5, 72% for PSA > 0.5 to ≤ 1.0 and increased to a maximum of 93% for PSA > 10 ng/ml. A pathological PET/CT was significantly (p = 0.001) associated with PSA level and higher GSC. Amount of injected tracer, age, PSADT and PSAVel were not associated with a higher probability of a pathological scan.

Conclusion
[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT at 1 h p.i. confirmed its high performance in the largest patient cohort yet analysed. Tumour detection showed a clear association with higher PSA and higher GSC. No association was found between a pathological [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and age, amount of injected tracer, PSADT or PSAVel.
Specialist predation covaries with colour polymorphism in tawny owls
Authors: Karell Patrik , Kohonen Kio , Koskenpato Katja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnderstanding intraspecific phenotypic variation in prey specialisation can help to predict how long-term changes in prey availability affect the viability of these phenotypes and their persistence. Generalists are favoured when the main food resources are unpredictable compared to specialists, which track the availability of the main prey and are more vulnerable to changes in the main food resource. Intraspecific heritable melanin-based colour polymorphism is considered to reflect adaptations to different environments. We studied colour morph-specific diet specialisation in a generalist predator, tawny owl (Strix aluco), during offspring food provisioning in relation to mammal prey density. We hypothesised that the grey morph, with higher fitness than the brown in Northern boreal conditions, is more specialised in mammalian prey than the brown morph, which in turn has higher fitness than the grey in the temperate zone. We found a higher diversity of prey delivered to the nest by brown fathers compared to grey ones, which also depended on the overall mammalian prey availability. Brown fathers provided proportionally fewer mammalian prey than grey in poor, but not in favourable mammal prey years. Our results suggest that the brown morph is more generalistic and reacts more strongly to variations in food supply than the grey morph, which may be a beneficial strategy in an unpredictable environment caused by environmental degradation.Significance statementDiet choice of a species may vary depending on fluctuations in the abundance of their food resource, but also within a population, there can be adaptations to use different food resources. The tawny owl exhibits a grey and a reddish-brown colour morph and is considered a generalist predator eating both mammal and bird prey. We find that the diet of the reddish-brown morph is more diverse than that of the grey. When the tawny owls’ main prey, small mammals, are abundant both colour morphs prey on mammals, but in years with less small mammals, the reddish-brown morph is more prone of switching to small bird predation than the grey. The generalist strategy of the brown morph is likely to be more favourable than a stricter specialisation in small mammals of the grey under recently reoccurring irregularities in small mammal dynamics.
Prevalence of Metastatic Lateral Lymph Nodes in Asian Patients with Lateral Lymph Node Dissection for Rectal Cancer: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Christou Niki , Meyer Jeremy , Combescure Christophe , Balaphas Alexandre , Robert‐Yap Joan , Buchs Nicolas C. , Ris Frédéric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImportanceRectal cancers occupy the eighth position worldwide for new cases and deaths for both men and women. These cancers have a high tendency to form metastases in the mesorectum but also in the lateral lymph nodes. The therapeutic approach for the involved lateral lymph nodes remains controversial.ObjectiveWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the prevalence of metastatic lateral lymph nodes in patients with lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) for rectal cancer, which seems to be a fundamental and necessary criterion to discuss any possible indications for LLND.MethodsData sources–study selection–data extraction and synthesis–main outcome and measures. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and COCHRANE from November 1, 2018, to November 19, 2018, for studies reporting the presence of metastatic lateral lymph nodes (iliac, obturator and middle sacral nodes) among patients undergoing rectal surgery with LLND. Pooled prevalence values were obtained by random effects models, and the robustness was tested by leave‐one‐out sensitivity analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q‐test, quantified based on the I2 value and explored by subgroup analyses.ResultsOur final analysis included 31 studies from Asian countries, comprising 7599 patients. The pooled prevalence of metastatic lateral lymph nodes was 17.3% (95% CI: 14.6–20.5). The inter‐study variability (heterogeneity) was high (I2 = 89%). The pooled prevalence was, however, robust and varied between 16.6% and 17.9% according to leave‐one‐out sensitivity analysis. The pooled prevalence of metastatic lymph nodes was not significantly different when pooling only studies including patients who received neoadjuvant treatment or those without neoadjuvant treatment (p = 0.44). Meta‐regression showed that the pooled prevalence was associated with the sample size of studies (p < 0.05), as the prevalence decreased when the sample size increased.ConclusionThe pooled prevalence of metastatic lateral lymph nodes was 17.3% among patients who underwent rectal surgery with LLND in Asian countries. Further studies are necessary to determine whether this finding could impact the therapeutic strategy (total mesorectal excision with LLND versus total mesorectal excision with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy).
A study of radicals in industrial raw cristobalite powders
Authors: Di Benedetto Francesco , Giaccherini Andrea , Romanelli Maurizio , Montegrossi Giordano , Belluso Elena , Capella Silvana , Zoleo Alfonso , Arcangeli Giulio , Marinaccio Alessandro , Gottardo Ottorino , Capacci Fabio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report the results of an experimental multianalytical characterisation of industrial cristobalite powders, used as raw materials for artificial stone production. Cristobalite is considered a serious threat to human health. The study was carried out through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive microanalysis (SEM/EDS), continuous-wave (cw) and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Our results point out a sub-micrometric size of the structural coherence in cristobalite, associated with numerous stacking defects. Moreover, the material was found characterised by the presence of superoxide radicals, whose persistence appears conceivably long. Radicals in a material synthesized through a high-temperature treatment were generated during the grinding step in the industrial production of cristobalite. During this process, in fact, both superoxide generation and structural defectivity are induced. Indeed, cristobalite powders already result activated by a radical population, before any kind of process in artificial stone production.
Energetic savings and cardiovascular dynamics of a marine euryhaline fish (Myoxocephalus scorpius) in reduced salinity
Authors: Sundell Erika , Morgenroth Daniel , Ekström Andreas , Brijs Jeroen , Axelsson Michael , Gräns Albin , Sandblom Erik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFew studies have addressed how reduced water salinity affects cardiovascular and metabolic function in marine euryhaline fishes, despite its relevance for predicting impacts of natural salinity variations and ongoing climate change on marine fish populations. Here, shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) were subjected to different durations of reduced water salinity from 33 to 15 ppt. Routine metabolic rate decreased after short-term acclimation (4–9 days) to 15 ppt, which corresponded with similar reductions in cardiac output. Likewise, standard metabolic rate decreased after acute transition (3 h) from 33 to 15 ppt, suggesting a reduced energetic cost of osmoregulation at 15 ppt. Interestingly, gut blood flow remained unchanged across salinities, which contrasts with previous findings in freshwater euryhaline teleosts (e.g., rainbow trout) exposed to different salinities. Although plasma osmolality, [Na+], [Cl−] and [Ca2+] decreased in 15 ppt, there were no signs of cellular osmotic stress as plasma [K+], [hemoglobin] and hematocrit remained unchanged. Taken together, our data suggest that shorthorn sculpin are relatively weak plasma osmoregulators that apply a strategy whereby epithelial ion transport mechanisms are partially maintained across salinities, while plasma composition is allowed to fluctuate within certain ranges. This may have energetic benefits in environments where salinity naturally fluctuates, and could provide shorthorn sculpin with competitive advantages if salinity fluctuations intensify with climate change in the future.
Cerebrospinal fluid leakage after cranial surgery in the pediatric population—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Slot Emma M. H. , van Baarsen Kirsten M. , Hoving Eelco W. , Zuithoff Nicolaas P. A. , van Doormaal Tristan P. C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a common complication after neurosurgical intervention. It is associated with substantial morbidity and increased healthcare costs. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aim to quantify the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage in the pediatric population and identify its risk factors.

Methods
The authors followed the PRISMA guidelines. The Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane database were searched for studies reporting CSF leakage after intradural cranial surgery in patients up to 18 years old. Meta-analysis of incidences was performed using a generalized linear mixed model.

Results
Twenty-six articles were included in this systematic review. Data were retrieved of 2929 patients who underwent a total of 3034 intradural cranial surgeries. Surprisingly, only four of the included articles reported their definition of CSF leakage. The overall CSF leakage rate was 4.4% (95% CI 2.6 to 7.3%). The odds of CSF leakage were significantly greater for craniectomy as opposed to craniotomy (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.7 to 13.4) and infratentorial as opposed to supratentorial surgery (OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.7 to 20.6). The odds of CSF leakage were significantly lower for duraplasty use versus no duraplasty (OR 0.41 95% CI 0.2 to 0.9).

Conclusion
The overall CSF leakage rate after intradural cranial surgery in the pediatric population is 4.4%. Risk factors are craniectomy and infratentorial surgery. Duraplasty use is negatively associated with CSF leak. We suggest defining a CSF leak as “leakage of CSF through the skin,” as an unambiguous definition is fundamental for future research.
Colonoscopy and polypectomy: beside age, size of polyps main factor for long-term risk of colorectal cancer in a screening population
Authors: Halfter Kathrin , Bauerfeind Lea , Schlesinger-Raab Anne , Schmidt Michael , Schubert-Fritschle Gabriele , Hölzel Dieter , Engel Jutta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Despite national and international guideline recommendations, few studies have been conducted to estimate the impact of colonoscopy screening on long-term colorectal cancer incidence. Aim of this study was to determine the long-term impact of a full colonoscopy with polypectomy on colorectal cancer incidence in a large screening population.

Methods
In this prospective observational cohort study, a total of 10,947 colonoscopy screening participants from within the scope of the Munich Cancer Registry were consecutively recruited from participating gastroenterology practices and their subsequent colorectal cancer incidence assessed. Predictive factors associated with colorectal cancer were also evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
After a median follow-up of 14.24 years (95% CI [14.21–14.25]), 93 colorectal cancer cases were observed. This is equivalent to a truncated age-standardized rate of 69.0 (95% CI [43.3–94.7]) for male and 43.4 (95% CI [29.4–57.5]) for female participants (≥ 50 years at colonoscopy). The ratio of this observed to the expected rate from cancer registry data showed a 67% decrease in colorectal cancer incidence in the male and 65% in the female participants (p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis of screening patients, age at screening (p < 0.0001) was the main predictive factor for colorectal cancer. In the subgroup with positive polyp findings, age (p < 0.0001) and the polyp size (p = 0.0002) were associated with colorectal cancer.

Conclusion
These results underline the significance of a full colonoscopy screening combined with polypectomy in reducing the total disease burden of colorectal cancer.
Diffusions interacting through a random matrix: universality via stochastic Taylor expansion
Authors: Dembo Amir , Gheissari Reza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConsider$$(X_{i}(t))$$(Xi(t))solving a system ofNstochastic differential equations interacting through a random matrix$${\mathbf {J}} = (J_{ij})$$J=(Jij)with independent (not necessarily identically distributed) random coefficients. We show that the trajectories of averaged observables of$$(X_i(t))$$(Xi(t)), initialized from some$$\mu $$μindependent of $${\mathbf {J}}$$J, are universal, i.e., only depend on the choice of the distribution$$\mathbf {J}$$Jthrough its first and second moments (assuming e.g., sub-exponential tails). We take a general combinatorial approach to proving universality for dynamical systems with random coefficients, combining a stochastic Taylor expansion with a moment matching-type argument. Concrete settings for which our results imply universality include aging in the spherical SK spin glass, and Langevin dynamics and gradient flows for symmetric and asymmetric Hopfield networks.
Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for irritable bowel syndrome 2020
Authors: Fukudo Shin , Okumura Toshikatsu , Inamori Masahiko , Okuyama Yusuke , Kanazawa Motoyori , Kamiya Takeshi , Sato Ken , Shiotani Akiko , Naito Yuji , Fujikawa Yoshiko , Hokari Ryota , Masaoka Tastuhiro , Fujimoto Kazuma , Kaneko Hiroshi , Torii Akira , Matsueda Kei , Miwa Hiroto , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Shimosegawa Tooru , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractManaging irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has attracted international attention because single-agent therapy rarely relieves bothersome symptoms for all patients. The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) published the first edition of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for IBS in 2015. Much more evidence has accumulated since then, and new pharmacological agents and non-pharmacological methods have been developed. Here, we report the second edition of the JSGE-IBS guidelines comprising 41 questions including 12 background questions on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria, 26 clinical questions on diagnosis and treatment, and 3 questions on future research. For each question, statements with or without recommendations and/or evidence level are given and updated diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are provided based on new evidence. Algorithms for diagnosis are requisite for patients with chronic abdominal pain or associated symptoms and/or abnormal bowel movement. Colonoscopy is indicated for patients with one or more alarm symptoms/signs, risk factors, and/or abnormal routine examination results. The diagnosis is based on the Rome IV criteria. Step 1 therapy consists of diet therapy, behavioral modification, and gut-targeted pharmacotherapy for 4 weeks. For non-responders, management proceeds to step 2 therapy, which includes a combination of different mechanistic gut-targeted agents and/or psychopharmacological agents and basic psychotherapy for 4 weeks. Step 3 therapy is for non-responders to step 2 and comprises a combination of gut-targeted pharmacotherapy, psychopharmacological treatments, and/or specific psychotherapy. These updated JSGE-IBS guidelines present best practice strategies for IBS patients in Japan and we believe these core strategies can be useful for IBS diagnosis and treatment globally.
3D-printed microfluidics integrated with optical nanostructured porous aptasensors for protein detection
Authors: Arshavsky-Graham Sofia , Enders Anton , Ackerman Shanny , Bahnemann Janina , Segal Ester 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicrofluidic integration of biosensors enables improved biosensing performance and sophisticated lab-on-a-chip platform design for numerous applications. While soft lithography and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidics are still considered the gold standard, 3D-printing has emerged as a promising fabrication alternative for microfluidic systems. Herein, a 3D-printed polyacrylate-based microfluidic platform is integrated for the first time with a label-free porous silicon (PSi)–based optical aptasensor via a facile bonding method. The latter utilizes a UV-curable adhesive as an intermediate layer, while preserving the delicate nanostructure of the porous regions within the microchannels. As a proof-of-concept, a generic model aptasensor for label-free detection of his-tagged proteins is constructed, characterized, and compared to non-microfluidic and PDMS-based microfluidic setups. Detection of the target protein is carried out by real-time monitoring reflectivity changes of the PSi, induced by the target binding to the immobilized aptamers within the porous nanostructure. The microfluidic integrated aptasensor has been successfully used for detection of a model target protein, in the range 0.25 to 18 μM, with a good selectivity and an improved limit of detection, when compared to a non-microfluidic biosensing platform (0.04 μM vs. 2.7 μM, respectively). Furthermore, a superior performance of the 3D-printed microfluidic aptasensor is obtained, compared to a conventional PDMS-based microfluidic platform with similar dimensions.
Graphical abstract
Effects of adjunctive light-activated disinfection and probiotics on clinical and microbiological parameters in periodontal treatment: a randomized, controlled, clinical pilot study
Authors: Patyna Michael , Ehlers Vicky , Bahlmann Benjamin , Kasaj Adrian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological outcomes of light-activated disinfection (LAD) alone or combined with probiotics as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment.

Materials and methods
In this single-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical pilot study, 48 patients (28 females and 20 males) with untreated periodontitis (stages II and III, grade B) were included. Using a parallel-group design, patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups to receive subgingival debridement (SD) alone (group 1, n = 16), SD with LAD (group 2, n = 16), or SD with LAD plus probiotic treatment (group 3, n = 16). Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingiva-index simplified (GIs), plaque-control record (PCR), and subgingival microbiological samples were analyzed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months of follow-up.

Results
All treatment modalities demonstrated clinical improvements in PPD and CAL at 6 months compared to baseline but without a statistical significant difference between the groups. The combination of SD + LAD + probiotic treatment (group 3) demonstrated significantly greater reductions in BOP, GIs, and red complex bacteria P. gingivalis and T. forsythia compared with other groups at 6 months (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
A single application of LAD as an adjunct to SD provided no additional clinical and microbiological benefits compared to SD alone. The combination of SD + LAD + probiotic treatment in group 3 led to further improvements of the inflammatory parameters.

Clinical relevance
The additional use of probiotics in periodontal treatment can be a useful approach to support inflammation and infection control of periodontal tissues. Further studies are necessary to determine the extent of added benefit for this treatment approach.