bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Decision Support System AMPEL for Laboratory Diagnostics: Implementation and Technical Evaluation
Authors: Walter Costa Maria Beatriz , Wernsdorfer Mark , Kehrer Alexander , Voigt Markus , Cundius Carina , Federbusch Martin , Eckelt Felix , Remmler Johannes , Schmidt Maria , Pehnke Sarah , Gärtner Christiane , Wehner Markus , Isermann Berend , Richter Heike , Telle Jörg , Kaiser Thorsten 
Published: June 2021

Background
Laboratory results are of central importance for clinical decision making. The time span between availability and review of results by clinicians is crucial to patient care. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are computational tools that can identify critical values automatically and help decrease treatment delay.

Objective
With this work, we aimed to implement and evaluate a CDSS that supports health care professionals and improves patient safety. In addition to our experiences, we also describe its main components in a general manner to make it applicable to a wide range of medical institutions and to empower colleagues to implement a similar system in their facilities.

Methods
Technical requirements must be taken into account before implementing a CDSS that performs laboratory diagnostics (labCDSS). These can be planned within the functional components of a reactive software agent, a computational framework for such a CDSS.

Results
We present AMPEL (Analysis and Reporting System for the Improvement of Patient Safety through Real-Time Integration of Laboratory Findings), a labCDSS that notifies health care professionals if a life-threatening medical condition is detected. We developed and implemented AMPEL at a university hospital and regional hospitals in Germany (University of Leipzig Medical Center and the Muldental Clinics in Grimma and Wurzen). It currently runs 5 different algorithms in parallel: hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, hyperlactatemia, and acute kidney injury.

Conclusions
AMPEL enables continuous surveillance of patients. The system is constantly being evaluated and extended and has the capacity for many more algorithms. We hope to encourage colleagues from other institutions to design and implement similar CDSS using the theory, specifications, and experiences described in this work.
A Tool for Evaluating Medication Alerting Systems: Development and Initial Assessment
Authors: Zheng Wu Yi , Van Dort Bethany , Marcilly Romaric , Day Richard , Burke Rosemary , Shakib Sepehr , Ku Young , Reid-Anderson Hannah , Baysari Melissa 
Published: June 2021

Background
It is well known that recommendations from electronic medication alerts are seldom accepted or acted on by users. Key factors affecting the effectiveness of medication alerts include system usability and alert design. Thus, human factors principles that apply knowledge of human capabilities and limitations are increasingly used in the design of health technology to improve the usability of systems.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate a newly developed evidence-based self-assessment tool that allows the valid and reliable evaluation of computerized medication alerting systems. This tool was developed to be used by hospital staff with detailed knowledge of their hospital’s computerized provider order entry system and alerts to identify and address potential system deficiencies. In this initial assessment, we aim to determine whether the items in the tool can measure compliance of medication alerting systems with human factors principles of design, the tool can be consistently used by multiple users to assess the same system, and the items are easy to understand and perceived to be useful for assessing medication alerting systems.

Methods
The Tool for Evaluating Medication Alerting Systems (TEMAS) was developed based on human factors design principles and consisted of 66 items. In total, 18 staff members recruited across 6 hospitals used the TEMAS to assess their medication alerting systems. Data collected from participant assessments were used to evaluate the validity, reliability, and usability of the TEMAS. Validity was assessed by comparing the results of the TEMAS with those of prior in-house evaluations. Reliability was measured using Krippendorff α to determine agreement among assessors. A 7-item survey was used to determine usability.

Results
The participants reported mostly negative (n=8) and neutral (n=7) perceptions of alerts in their medication alerting system. However, the validity of the TEMAS could not be directly tested, as participants were unaware of any results from prior in-house evaluations. The reliability of the TEMAS, as measured by Krippendorff α, was low to moderate (range 0.26-0.46); however, participant feedback suggests that individuals’ knowledge of the system varied according to their professional background. In terms of usability, 61% (11/18) of participants reported that the TEMAS items were generally easy to understand; however, participants suggested the revision of 22 items to improve clarity.

Conclusions
This initial assessment of the TEMAS allowed the identification of its components that required modification to improve usability and usefulness. It also revealed that for the TEMAS to be effective in facilitating a comprehensive assessment of a medication alerting system, it should be completed by a multidisciplinary team of hospital staff from both clinical and technical backgrounds to maximize their knowledge of systems.
Effects of Background Colors, Flashes, and Exposure Values on the Accuracy of a Smartphone-Based Pill Recognition System Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network: Deep Learning and Experimental Approach
Authors: Cha KyeongMin , Woo Hyun-Ki , Park Dohyun , Chang Dong Kyung , Kang Mira 
Published: June 2021

Background
Pill image recognition systems are difficult to develop due to differences in pill color, which are influenced by external factors such as the illumination from and the presence of a flash.

Objective
In this study, the differences in color between reference images and real-world images were measured to determine the accuracy of a pill recognition system under 12 real-world conditions (ie, different background colors, the presence and absence of a flash, and different exposure values [EVs]).

Methods
We analyzed 19 medications with different features (ie, different colors, shapes, and dosages). The average color difference was calculated based on the color distance between a reference image and a real-world image.

Results
For images with black backgrounds, as the EV decreased, the top-1 and top-5 accuracies increased independently of the presence of a flash. The top-5 accuracy for images with black backgrounds increased from 26.8% to 72.6% when the flash was on and increased from 29.5% to 76.8% when the flash was off as the EV decreased. However, the top-5 accuracy increased from 62.1% to 78.4% for images with white backgrounds when the flash was on. The best top-1 accuracy was 51.1% (white background; flash on; EV of +2.0). The best top-5 accuracy was 78.4% (white background; flash on; EV of 0).

Conclusions
The accuracy generally increased as the color difference decreased, except for images with black backgrounds and an EV of −2.0. This study revealed that background colors, the presence of a flash, and EVs in real-world conditions are important factors that affect the performance of a pill recognition model.
COMPARISON OF PREGABALIN AND NORTRIPTYLINE ON SLEEP, QUALITY OF LIFE IN POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA: A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMISED, OPEN-LABEL, PARALLEL STUDY
Authors: KHAJURIA KANIKA , GUPTA SEEMA , KUMAR DINESH , DOGRA DEV RAJ , KHAJURIA VIJAY 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Aim of the present study was to compare the effects of pregabalin and nortriptyline on sleep and quality of life in patients of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).
Methods: The present study was conducted in 48 patients of PHN attending the outpatient department (OPD) of Dermatology, Government Medical College Jammu. Based on inclusion/exclusion criteria patients were randomized into two treatment groups. One group received pregabalin 150 mg/day and the other group was treated with nortriptyline 25 mg/day. The patients were followed up to eight weeks and assessed for Sleep (Medical Outcomes Study sleep scale) and quality of life (Euro QOL-5D-5L score). Clinicians Global Impression of Change (CGIC) score and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) score were used to evaluate overall clinical improvement.
Results: Both drugs significantly improved all parameters studied (p<0.0001). On comparison, both drugs had similar effects on sleep and quality of life. However, pregabalin was found to be better than nortriptyline at eight weeks on CGIC (p<0.004) and PGIC (p<0.0003) scores.
Conclusion: Both pregabalin and nortriptyline were equally effective in improving sleep and quality of life. Overall clinical improvement was better with pregabalin than nortriptyline at eight weeks.
PREVALENCE AND EXTENT OF AWARENESS OF DEPRESSION IN YOUTH
Authors: A. VISHALKALYANI , RAO SUMAN S. , REZAINOEI BARDIA , SRINIVASAN R. , NEKKANTI VINEELA 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Depression is a common mental disorder that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Increasing awareness about depression in youth can help in addressing the consequences of the disorder that may extend to adulthood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated socio-demographic factors of depression among youth and to determine the efficacy of an educational intervention in increasing awareness about depression.
Methods: Pre-university and graduate students between 15 to 24 y of age were included in the study. Data was collected using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Adolescent Depression Knowledge Questionnaire, and a self-designed proforma of socio-demographic factors. An educational intervention, in the form of a video, was provided to the subjects. A post-intervention questionnaire was administered after a period of 4-6 w. Analysis and interpretation of data were completed using the Chi-square test and SPSS v22 software.
Results: The prevalence of depression in youth was found to be 29.6% using a PHQ-9 cut-off score of 10. Annual household income was found to have a statistically significant association with the prevalence of depression (*P-value: 0.036). The students’ knowledge about depression was notably improved, as observed from answers of the ADKQ, before and after the educational intervention.
Conclusion: Depression is prevalent among Indian students, and this highlights the need for screening of students and educational interventions. Providing educational interventions to students can increase their awareness and knowledge about depression.
BIG DATA ANALYTICS AND HOW TO BUY AN ELECTION
Authors: Sønderholm Jørn , Mainz Jakob , Uhrenfeldt Rasmus 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We show how to lawfully buy an election. The key things that make it possible to buy an election are the existence of public voter registration lists and the existence of Big Data Analytics that can predict how a given elector will vote in an election. Someone interested in buying an election can enter an employment contract with some of the opponent electors where these electors are paid to do a job that prevents them from voting. By purchasing access to public voter registration lists, it is possible to verify ex post whether the opponent electors have abstained. In the last two sections, we discuss several barriers that can undermine an attempt to buy an election in the manner we identify.
A neural network application to assess magma diversity in the Etendeka igneous province, Namibia
Authors: Owen-Smith T.M. , Trumbull R.B. , Bauer K. , Keiding J.K. , Will T.M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The geochemical discrimination of different magma types in Large Igneous Provinces is conventionally based on a few, pre-selected variables that are regarded to have petrological meaning. An alternative approach explored in this study is to apply the neural network technique of self-organising maps (SOM) to identify inherent groupings in data without knowledge or assumptions (unsupervised learning). The dataset used in this study comprises whole-rock analyses from extrusive (lava) and intrusive (dykes, sills) mafic suites in the Etendeka province, Namibia, taken from published sources and augmented by 103 new chemical analyses of dykes. Six SOM-classified groups are identified, which are unevenly distributed among the extrusive and the intrusive rock suites. The lava samples are dominated by just three of the six SOM groups (95% of all samples) and one group is absent entirely, whereas all six groups are present in the intrusive suite and five of them each comprise more than 5% of the samples. The geographic distribution of SOM-grouped dykes is heterogeneous and groups that are under-represented in the lava suite occur preferentially in a region of the pre-Etendeka basement where few lavas are preserved. Thus, the difference in magma diversity between intrusive and extrusive suites may be partly an artefact of erosion, which implies that a proper assessment of magma diversity in this and other LIPs must include the intrusive components.
The correspondence of our SOM groupings with magma types in the Etendeka province that were established from petrologically defined variables is reasonably good for most trace-element abundances and ratios. However, some of the SOM groups have a wide range of initial Sr–Nd isotope ratios and a poor correspondence with the established magma types. We conclude that the SOM approach is useful for sorting out large and complex geochemical datasets but the method gives all input variables equal weight, which may be problematic if they have different responses to processes in the system under study (e.g., partial melting, fractional crystallisation, degassing, alteration). It is no substitute for expert petrological knowledge in discriminating genetically distinct magma types in an application like the present one.
Основные характеристики тувинского буддийского паломничества рубежа XIX–XX веков
Authors: Ламажаа Чимиза Кудер-ооловна , Бичелдей Ульяна Павловна 
Published: June 2021

В статье впервые представлены основные характеристики буддийского паломничества тувинцев рубежа XIX–XX веков, которые сформулированы на основе изучения целого ряда источников. Хотя история появления, укрепления буддизма в Туве достаточно исследована, теме паломничества не уделялось внимания. Главной проблемой является отсутствие в исторической литературе Тувы жанра путевых заметок («хождений») самих паломников. Поэтому историю приходится восстанавливать из иных источников разных типов: упоминающихся в научных трудах исторических фактов по паломничеству; документов из архивов Тувы; художественной литературы (произведений тувинских писателей); публицистики, биографических трудов и воспоминаний.
Паломничество имело явное деление по направлениям и по уровню материальных расходов для разных групп населения: поездки в Тибет и Монголию были доступны прежде всего состоятельным людям и ламам, получающим для этого средства, собранные от пожертвований; для простых тувинцев главными объектами поклонений, паломничества были храмы и монастыри, расположенные на территории Тувы, куда они приезжали с мест своих стоянок в дни буддийских праздников.
Все показанные в статье формы паломничества, события, которые их сопровождали, свидетельствуют об интенсивности процесса развития буддизма в Туве в конце XIX века. За короткий срок распространения буддизма в Туве он сумел не только стать государственной религией, но и способствовал образовательным, культурным, религиозным связям тувинцев с Монголией, Тибетом, а также Китаем благодаря паломническим поездкам.
Буддизм в Интернете: возможности и препятствия
Authors: Дондуков Бато Цыренович , Дондукова Галина Петровна 
Published: June 2021

Данная статья посвящена изучению влияния принципов буддийских школ России (тибетской, дальневосточной, южной) на развитие и распространение буддийского учения в интернет-пространстве. Рассматривается активность буддийских сообществ в русскоязычном интернете от размещения текстового и медиаконтента до симуляции совместных практик посредством трансляций в режиме реального времени. Авторы пытаются выявить причины разной степени вовлеченности различных буддийских сообществ в процесс освоения Интернета. Так, в силу закрытости определенных тантрических учений тибетский буддизм препятствует использованию Интернета общинами данной традиции, в то время как Дальневосточная традиция делает упор на живой контакт с учителем. В свою очередь южный буддизм в виду своих особенностей, заключающихся в приоритетности текстового познания, имеет преимущества в использовании интернет-пространства.
Авторы также рассматривают как буддийские сообщества России, включая традиционные, адаптировались к переходу в онлайн-среду в ответ на чрезвычайную ситуацию в мире, вызванную пандемией коронавируса. Подчеркивается, что лидеры буддизма сосредоточили внимание не столько на расширении круга последователей и распространении буддийских практик, сколько на глобальных проблемах, преимущественно связанных с экологией.
Конфессиональная лексика в топонимах Тувы
Authors: Кара-оол Любовь Салчаковна 
Published: June 2021

В статье анализируются топонимы Тувы, связанные с конфессиональной лексикой, которые совмещают в себе религиозно-культовые представления тувинцев и первых русских переселенцев Тувы. В качестве материалов исследования выступили данные из опубликованных работ, словарей, а также экспедиций автора по ареальным зонам (центральный, западный, юго-восточный и тоджинский диалекты) тувинского языка с 1999 по 2020 гг.
Анализ позволил выявить следующие основные группы топонимов: а) топонимы, связанные с шаманизмом; б) топонимы, связанные с буддизмом; в) топонимы, связанные с православием.
Если тувинские топонимы, связанные с шаманизмом и буддизмом указывают на обрядовую деятельность, ритуальные атрибуты, статус служителей вероисповедания, разновидности строений, то топонимы, связанные с православием, образованы по принципу мемориальности — в память о православных святых, а также в честь религиозных праздников.
В структурном и этимологическом отношениях значительную часть топонимов на тувинском языке составляют собственно тувинские сложные слова. В качестве первого компонента сложных топонимов или простых топонимов выступают конфессиональная общетюркская лексика, лексические заимствования из монгольского, из тибетского языка посредством монгольского, а также заимствования из русского языка, а вторые компоненты сложных слов выражены общетюркскими словами. Наличие в составе топонимов с духовно-религиозным содержанием следующих формантов — гидронимических, фитонимических, оронимических — указывает на то, что они увязывались с природно-географическими особенностями Тувы.
Социальный портрет буддиста-паломника Бурятии: от традиционного к онлайн формату (по результатам социологического исследования)
Authors: Очирова Оюуна Анатольевна , Антонов Владимир Иосифович , Бадмаев Валерий Николаевич , Пурэвсурэн Бямбахишиг , Петрова Арюуна Анатольевна 
Published: June 2021

В статье представлены результаты социологического исследования современного портрета буддийского паломника-онлайн Бурятии. В январе 2021 г. было опрошено 28 паломников, которые участвовали в буддийских ритуалах и учениях в онлайн-формате. Была произведена трехступенчатая выборка респондентов по критериям: место жительства — Бурятия; участие в реальных путешествиях к объектам поклонения; участие в виртуальном религиозном действе в онлайн-формате в период 2020–2021 гг.
Буддист как паломник-онлайн Бурятии начала 2021 г. — это, по большей части, женщина от 40 до 60 лет, с высшим образованием, представитель непроизводственной сферы деятельности. Современный паломник-онлайн — буддист по традиции, он приобщен к буддизму с детства, большей частью пребывает в традиционном паломничестве, но, тем не менее, участвует и в виртуальном религиозном действии, например, в паломничестве к Учителям в режиме онлайн.
Доход респондентов в основном — средний и ниже среднего. Представители этого социального среза буддистов Бурятии побывали в среднем в 2–3-х паломнических поездках (более 4-х раз в такие поездки отправлялись 57,1% респондентов), а в их планах на будущее — еще не менее 4-х таковых.
Состав опрошенных преимущественно женский — 92,9%. Причем среди такой категории людей особо можно выделить возрастной период — от 55 до 60 лет. Они продолжают планировать новые поездки. Монголия, Индия и Тибет являются наиболее важными направлениями, которые паломники выбирают обязательно помимо Бурятии.
APLIKASI COMPOS TEA TERINDUKSI INOKULUM FUNGI LIGNOSELULOLITIK PADA MEDIA TANAM COCOPEAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN BAYAM MERAH (Amaranthus tricolor L.)
Authors: Wulan Septitasari Ayu , Irawan Bambang , Agustrina Rochma , Nurcahyani Endang , Wahyuningsih Sri 
Published: June 2021

Compost tea menjadi sumber unsur hara tambahan yang mudah di manfaatkan oleh tanaman bersamaan dengan penyerapan air sehingga dapat memperbaiki pertumbuhan tanaman. Selain unsur hara, media tanam juga berperan penting dalam mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Cocopeat menjadi salah satu komposisi media tanam yang baik karena mampu mengikat air dan hara tanah dengan membentuk pori penyimpanan, sehingga nutrisi di dalam tanah tidak mudah larut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Compost tea yang terinduksi inokulum fungi lignoselulolitik pada media tanam cocopeat terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) serta pengaruh interaksi antara compost tea dan perbandingan media tanam cocopeat : tanah yang terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertubuhan tanaman bayam merah. Penelitian ini dilaksankan pada bulan Mei sampai dengan Juli 2020 di green house Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan faktor pertama (A) adalah compost tea dengan 2 taraf yaitu compost tea aerasi (ACT) A1 dan compost tea non aerasi A2, faktor kedua (B) adalah media tanam menggunakan 3 taraf yaitu (B1) cocopeat dan tanah (2:1), (B2) cocopeat dan tanah (1:1), (B3) cocopeat dan tanah (1:2) pada parameter berat segar dan berat kering dan Faktor ketiga (C) adalah waktu pengamatan (35 hst, 45 hst, dan 55 hst) pada parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun dengan kontrol hanya digunakan sebagai pembanding nilai rata-rata. Masing-masing unit perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali pengulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat segar, dan berat kering. Analisis ragam pada taraf nyata α 5%. Kemudian untuk melihat perbedaan antar perlakuan dengan uji Tukey pada taraf nyata α 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ACT dan media tanam cocopeat : tanah = 1:2, maupun interaksi keduanya menghasilkan nilai tertinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan yang lainnya.

Kata Kunci : Amaranthus tricolor L, Cocopeat, Compost tea, Hara, Pertumbuhan.