bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of surface roughness and studying of optimal machining position in side milling
Authors: Bai Jinfeng , Zhao Huiying , Zhao Lingyu , Cao Mingchen , Duan Duanzhi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, a theoretical analysis of surface generation numerical model is presented to predict the surface roughness achieved by side milling operations with cylindrical tools. This work is focused on the trajectory of tools with two teeth by influencing of tool errors such as radial runouts, as well as straightness with dynamic effects. A computational system was developed to simulate roughness topography in contour milling with cylindrical tool. Finally, the PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm is employed to find the optimal machining position for the best surface roughness. Experimental data is satisfied with the the novel pretiction model for the tooth’s trajectory, and the the final prediction accuracy is high enough, i.e. that the prediction surface roughness. Low prediction surface roughness error (1.37 ~ 15.04%) and position error (0.95 ~ 1.25 mm) indicate effectiveness of the model built in this work. The novel model may be used to determine the variation in surface roughness.
Fluid Status Changes During the Transition in Infants of Diabetic Mothers.
Authors: Zanardo Vincenzo , Tortora Domenico , Parotto matteo , Manghina Valeria , Severino lorenzo , Guerrini Pietro , Straface Gianluca 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn animal and human neonates, expansion of the extracellular fluid volume is associated with “wet” lung and poor respiratory outcomes.MethodsTo define fluid status changes during the transition from fetal to neonatal life in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM), we conducted a single centre (Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy) study of 66 IDM and a 1:2 matched control group from January 1 to September 30, 2020. Fluid status changes were assessed by computing Δ Hct from umbilical cord blood at birth and capillary heel Hct at 48h, accounting for body weight decrease.ResultsIDM presented with significantly lower cord blood Hct levels in comparison to controls (47.33±4.52 vs 50.03±3.51%, p<0.001), mainly if delivered by elective cesarean section (45.01±3.77 vs 48.43±3.50%, p=0.001). Hct levels at 48h were comparable (55.18±5.42 vs 54.62±7.41%, p=0.703), concurrently with similar body weight decrease (-217.21±113.34 vs-217.51±67.28 g, p=0.614). This supports significantly higher ∆ Hct in IDM (5.13±5.24 vs 7.29±6.48, p<0.01) and extra circulating fluid loss of 2-3%.Conclusion﻿Gestational diabetes is associated with an excess of circulating fluids during the transition from fetal to neonatal life, challenging the current assumption that is per se at risk of wet lung.
Estimation of the Chlorophyll Concentration in Sorghum Using Three High Throughput Phenotyping Imaging Techniques
Authors: Zhang Huichun , Ge Yufeng , Xie Xinyan , Atefi Abbas , Wijewardane Nuwan , Thapa Suresh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLeaf chlorophyll content plays an important role in indicating plant stresses and nutrient status. Traditional approaches for the quantification of chlorophyll content mainly include acetone ethanol extraction, spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Such destructive methods based on laboratory procedures are time consuming, expensive, and not suitable for high-throughput phenotyping. High throughput imaging techniques are now widely used for nondestructive analysis of plant phenotypic traits. In this study three imaging modules, namely, RGB, hyperspectral, and fluorescence imaging, were used to estimate chlorophyll content of sorghum plants in a greenhouse environment. Color features, spectral indices, and chlorophyll fluorescence intensity were extracted from these three types of images, and regression models were built to predict leaf chlorophyll content (measured by a handheld leaf chlorophyll meter) from the image features. ResultsModels that included two additional variables, DAS (day after sowing) and SLW (specific leaf weight), were also investigated to improve the prediction of chlorophyll. R2 for chlorophyll concentration for multiple linear models at various color components were 0.77 for R, 0.79 for G, 0.70 for B. To obtain additional spectral information, color component H, S, and I were calculated after color spaces being transformed. The result of HSI space showed that R2 for chlorophyll concentration for multiple linear models were 0.67 for H, 0.88 for S, 0.77 for I. The R2 values for different hyperspectral index like the ratio vegetation index (RVI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index (MCARI) between 0.77 and 0.78. R2=0.79 was obtained with fluorescence image. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was employed to using the selected vegetation indices computed from different imaging data to estimate the chlorophyll concentration for sorghum plants. Among all the imaging data, chlorophyll content was predicted with high accuracy (R2 from 0.84 to 2.92, RPD from 2.49 to 3.58). ConclusionAccording to the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) error function, the model was better fitted based on images, DAS and SLW than that based on images and DAS. This study indicated that the accuracy for chlorophyll estimation was increased by the image traits combined with DAS and SLW. High throughput imaging provides a simple, rapid, and nondestructive method to estimate the leaf chlorophyll concentration.
Early Transplanting of Rainfed Rice Minimizes Irrigation Demand by Utilizing Rainfall
Authors: Hossain Md. Belal , Roy Debjit , Mahmud Mir Nurul Hasan , Paul Priya Lal Chandra , Yesmin Mst. Shetara , Kundu Palash Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRainfall is the key contributor to provide soil moisture for wet season rice (T. Aman) cultivation. Erratic rainfall often causes water shortage resulting negative impact on plant growth and grain yield. The study aimed to determine suitable transplanting window that utilized maximum rainfall for long duration (145 days) rice cultivar. Firstly, three years field experiment conducted in Kushtia, Bangladesh in T. Aman season from 2013 to 2015, and then the findings were implemented for another two adjacent locations, Panba and Rajshahi. The field experiment considered six transplanting dates of popular cultivar BR11 at 7 days interval starting from 10 July up to 14 August. The CROPWAT 8.0 model was used to calculate crop water requirement (CWR), effective rainfall and irrigation demand (ID) from collected weather data in each growth phase of rice. A suitable transplanting window was selected considering minimum ID at reproductive phase and the maximum grain yield. ResultsT. Aman rice received enormous rainfall and accounted no irrigation at vegetative phase in all three tested years in all locations. The early transplanting received more rainfall in reproductive phase than late planting practice. Thus, Irrigation demand increased at reproductive phase with delay transplanting in moderate drought prone Kushtia, Pabna and Rajshah. A significant relationship (R2 = 0.71) observed between ID at reproductive phase to grain yield, while grain yield responded weakly with the ID at ripening phase. Based on yield performance 10-24 July found suitable transplanting window for BR11 in Kushtia. Applying ID vs yield relationship, 10-17 July and 10-24 July considered the best transplanting window in Pabna and Rajshahi, respectively. ConclusionsDelay in transplanting demanded more irrigation and reduced yield. Consequently, early transplanting utilized maximum rainfall, reduced ID in reproductive stage and ensured desired grain yield.
Research on the new mode of intelligent maintenance and health management of coal mine equipment
Authors: Cao Xiangang , Zhang Mengyuan , Duan Yong , Wu Kexin , Li Yanchuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Based on the analysis of the current challenges and deficiencies in the maintenance and management of coal mine equipment, an intelligent maintenance and health management system framework for coal mine equipment is designed for the big data characteristics of the life cycle of coal mine equipment. Taking the big data processing and analysis of coal mine equipment as the main line, it proposes and elaborates the key technologies of the intelligent maintenance and health management of coal mine equipment driven by big data, including the unified description and analysis of multi-source heterogeneous big data, and intelligent fault diagnosis of coal mine equipment. Technology, health evaluation and prediction technology, intelligent maintenance decision-making technology, etc. Through the implementation of the above-mentioned system architecture and key technologies, data-driven life-cycle intelligent decision-making is realized, which promotes the continuous optimization and improvement of equipment process management and reduces business costs. The proposed system architecture provides a reference model for subsequent development.
High Altitude Is Associated With Lower Stroke-Related Mortality: A 17-Year Nationwide Population-Based Analysis From Ecuador
Authors: Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Espinosa Patricio. S , Borrero Alfredo , Cordovez Simone P. , Vasconez Jorge E. , Barreto Alejandra , Coral-Alemida Marco , Henriquez Aquiles R. , Simbana-Rivera Katherine , Gomez-Barreno Lenin , Viscor Gines , Roderick Paul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, more than 5.7% of the population reside above 1,500 m of elevation. It has been hypothesized that acute short-term hypoxia exposure could increase the risk of developing a stroke. Studies assessing the effect of altitude on stroke have provided conflicting results, some analysis suggest that long-term chronic exposure could be associated with reduced mortality and lower stroke incidence rates. Methods:An ecological analysis of all stroke hospital admissions, mortality rates and disability adjusted life years in Ecuador was performed from 2001-2017. The cases and population at risk were categorized in low (<1,500 m), moderate (1,500-2,500 m), high (2,500-3,500 m) and very high altitude (3,500-5,500 m) according to place of residence. The derived crude and direct standardized age-sex adjusted mortality and hospital admission rates were calculated. Results: A total of 38,201 deaths and 75,893 stroke-related hospital admissions were reported. High-altitude populations (HAP) had lower stroke mortality in men (RR: 0.91 [0.88 - 0.95]) and women (RR: 0.83 [0.79 - 0.86]). In addition, HAP had a significant lower risk of getting admitted to the hospital when compared with the low altitude group in men (RR: 0.55 [CI95% 0.54 - 0.56]) and women (RR: 0.65 [CI95% [0.64 - 0.66]). Conclusions: This is the first epidemiological study that aims to elucidate the association between stroke and altitude using four different elevation ranges. Our findings suggest that living at higher elevations offers a reduction or the risk of dying due to stroke as well as a reduction in the probability of being admitted to the hospital. Nevertheless, this protective factor has the stronger effect between 2,000 m to 3,500 m.
Safety and Efficacy of Minimally Invasive McKeown Esophagectomy in 1023 Consecutive Esophageal Cancer Patients: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Dong , Li Shi-cong , Lu Chao , Zhang Wei-Ming , Hou Jian-Bin , Shi Ke-Feng , Zhang Peng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
By analyzing the perioperative, postoperative complications and long-term overall survival time, we summarized the 8-year experience of minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in a single medical center.
Methods
This retrospective follow-up study included 1023 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer who underwent MIE-McKeown between Mar 2013 and Oct 2020. Relevant variables were collected and evaluated. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.
Results
For 1023 esophageal cancer undergoing MIE-McKeown, the main intraoperative complications were bleeding (3.0%, 31/1023) and tracheal injury (1.7%, 17/1023). There was no death occurred during operation. The conversion rate of thoracoscopy to thoracotomy was 2.2% (22/1023), and laparoscopy to laparotomy was 0.3% (3/1023). The postoperative morbidity of complications was 36.2% (370/1023), of which anastomotic leakage 7.7% (79/1023), pulmonary complication 13.4% (137/1023), chylothorax 2.3% (24/1023), and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury 8.8% (90/1023). The radical resection rate (R0) was 96.0% (982/1023), 30-day mortality was 0.3% (3/1023). For 1000 cases with squamous cell carcinoma, the estimated 3-year and 5-year overall survival was 65.1% and 52.7% respectively. In addition, neoadjuvant chemotherapy offered 5-year survival advantage in advanced stage patients (for stage III: 53.1% vs. 32.9%, and for stage IV: 20.3% vs. 7.1%).
Conclusions
This retrospective single center study demonstrates that MIE-McKeown procedure is feasible and safe with low perioperative and postoperative complications’ morbidity, and acceptable long-term oncologic results. Meanwhile, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery may improve long-term survival for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Association between the rs1360780 polymorphism in FKBP5 gene and serum cortisol levels in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bozkurt Hasan , Çim Abdullah , Şimşek Şeref , Şahin Serkan , Coşkun Salih 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The inconsistent results about cortisol levels in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be suggestive of other factors like gen polymorphisms rather than the disorder itself. So we aimed to investigate the rs1360780 polymorphism in FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene and its relation to ASD and cortisol levels comparing with that of healthy participants. We have included two main groups as study and control groups in the present study. Eighty nine children with ASD ranging in age from 2 to 15 years were selected for the study group and age-matched 86 healthy children were selected for the control group. Cortisol levels were found to be significantly higher in the study group. However there was no statistically significant difference in terms of allele and genotype frequencies between the groups. Carrying the C allele of FKBP5 seems to increase the cortisol levels in the study group. This is the first clinical study to evaluate the association between rs1360780 polymorphism in FKBP5 gene and serum cortisol levels in children with ASD. Since the prevalence of ASD is gradually increasing in recent years, several endocrine and related genetic factors should be born in mind while examining this population.
Modified Recipient Blood Flow-preserved Cross-leg Anterolateral Thigh Flap Procedure for Complex Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Zhou Hong-Xiang , He Liang , Yin Dong , Niu Yang , Jin Zhe , Li Jun-Jie , Wang Qian-Kun , Zhou Tao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Complex lower limb reconstruction following severe trauma remains a challenge for reconstructive surgeons. We here introduce a modified recipient blood flow-preserved cross-leg anterolateral thigh flap procedure and evaluate its clinical efficacy.Methods: Between January 2013 and December 2019, 22 patients (range 10 to 64 years old) with unilateral lower limb injuries underwent the modified recipient blood flow-preserved cross-leg anterolateral thigh flap procedures. Among them, 16 cases were traffic accidents, 5 cases were stubborn ulcers, and 1 case was degloving injury. The arterial pedicle of flap was prepared as Y-shaped fashion and microanastomosed to contralateral posterior tibial artery in a flow-through style. A split-thickness skin graft was applied to wrap the vascular pedicle after anastomosis. The flap was designed as single or bilobed fashions according to the shape of defects. The tissue defects ranged from 12 × 6 to 21 × 18 cm2. The vascular pedicle was divided 4 weeks after vascular anastomosis. Doppler ultrasound was performed to evaluate the blood flow of the recipient posterior tibial artery during postoperative follow-up.Results: All of 22 flaps survived. The flap sizes ranged from to 14 × 7.5 to 24 × 21 cm2. Eighteen flaps were designed as single fashion, and four flaps were bilobed fashion. Twenty patients underwent fasciocutaneous flap transplantation, and two underwent musculocutaneous flap transplantation. Two cases developed local lysis of the flap, and the wound healed after further debridement. Direct suture of the donor-site incision were performed in 16 cases, while additional full-thickness skin grafting were performed in remaining 6 cases. Further bone transport procedure was performed in 15 patients with severe tibia bone defects. Blood flow of recipient posterior tibial arteries were all confirmed during follow-up. The postoperative follow-up ranged 18 to 84 months, and no long-term complications were observed.Conclusions: The modified recipient blood flow-preserved cross-leg anterolateral thigh flap procedure is an ideal method to repair large tissue defects without sacrificing major artery of uninjured lower limb.
Investigation on the Surface Settlement for Curved Shield Construction in Sandy Stratum with Laboratory Model Test
Authors: Xu Ping , Xi Danhui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
According to the existing practical engineering data, the settlement curve of shield tunnel with small curvature radius is obviously different from that of straight tunnel, so using Peck formula to forecast the surface settlement is not applicable. This paper describes results from a series of the laboratory test based on similarity theory carried out in sandy soil. According to the test results, the characteristics of surface settlement caused by small radius tunnel excavation are summarized, and the effects of turning radius and buried depth on the surface settlement are demonstrated. Based on Gaussian formula, a method to forecast the surface settlement caused by construction of shield tunnel with small curvature radius is developed.
Head-to-Head Comparison of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 and [18F]-FDG PET/CT in Evaluating the Extent of Disease in Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kuten Jonathan , Levine Charles , Shamni Ofer , Pelles Sharon , Wolf Ido , Lahat Guy , Mishani Eyal , Even-Sapir Einat 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background[18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) may sometimes be suboptimal for imaging gastric adenocarcinoma. The recently introduced [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 (FAPI) PET/CT targets tumor stroma and has shown considerable potential in evaluating the extent of disease in a variety of tumors.MethodsWe performed a head-to-head prospective comparison of FAPI and FDG PET/CT in the same group of 13 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who presented for either initial staging (n = 10) or restaging (n = 3) of disease. Lesion detection and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were compared between the two types of radiotracers.ResultsAll ten primary gastric tumors were FAPI-positive (100% detection rate), whereas only five were also FDG-positive (50%). SUVmax was not significantly different, but the tumor-to-background ratio was higher for FAPI (mean, median, and range of 4.5, 3.2, and 0.8-9.7 for FDG and 12.9, 11.9, and 2.2-23.9 for FAPI, P = 0.007). The level of detection of regional lymph node involvement was comparable. FAPI showed a superior detection rate for peritoneal carcinomatosis (100% vs. none). Two patients with widespread peritoneal carcinomatosis underwent a follow-up FAPI scan after chemotherapy: one showed partial remission and the other showed progressive disease.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that FAPI PET/CT outperforms FDG PET/CT in detecting both primary gastric adenocarcinoma and peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer. FAPI PET/CT also shows promise for monitoring response to treatment in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer, however, larger trials are needed to validate these findings.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Presepsin in Patients with Non-Infectious Organ Failure, Sepsis, and Septic Shock: A Prospective Observational Study According to the Sepsis-3 Definitions
Authors: Lee Sukyo , Song Juhyun , Park Dae Won , Seok Hyeri , Cha Jae-hyung , Ahn Sejoong , Kim Jooyeong , Park Jonghak , Cho Han-jin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection. Early diagnosis of sepsis is challenging due to unknown sources of infection, and mortality prediction is usually complex. We aimed to investigate the clinical value of presepsin for discriminating sepsis from non-infectious organ failure and predicting mortality among sepsis patients in the emergency department (ED).Methods: This prospective observational study included 420 patients divided into three groups according to the Sepsis-3 definitions: non-infectious organ failure (n=142), sepsis (n=141), and septic shock (n=137). Blood samples for biomarker measurement of presepsin, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein were drawn in the ED and biomarker levels were compared between the groups. Optimal cut-off values for presepsin to discriminate between the three clinical diagnoses were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We also performed ROC curve analysis for each biomarker as a predictor of mortality. After excluding non-infectious organ failure, we extracted the optimal cut-off value of presepsin to predict mortality associated with sepsis and septic shock and performed Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis according to the cut-off value.Results: Presepsin levels (median [IQR]) were significantly higher in sepsis than in non-infectious organ failure (792 [450–1273] vs. 286 [170–417], p <0.001) and significantly higher in septic shock than in sepsis (1287 [589–2365] vs. 792 [450–1273], p=0.002). The optimal cut-off value for presepsin to discriminate between sepsis and non-infectious organ failure was 582 pg/mL (sensitivity, 70.1; specificity, 89.4; AUC, 0.877; p <0.001) and to discriminate between sepsis and septic shock was 1285 pg/mL (sensitivity, 50.4; specificity, 76.6; AUC, 0.618; p <0.001). The optimal cut-off value for presepsin for predicting 30-day mortality was 821 pg/mL (sensitivity, 68.9; specificity, 50.5; AUC, 0.605; p=0.005) in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that patients with higher presepsin levels (≥821 pg/mL) had significantly higher mortality than patients with lower presepsin levels (<821 pg/mL) (log-rank test; p=0.004). Conclusions: Presepsin levels could effectively differentiate sepsis from non-infectious organ failure and septic shock from sepsis. Presepsin levels could help clinicians predict mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shock.