bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is resistance training intensity adequately prescribed to meet the demands of returning to sport following anterior cruciate ligament repair? A systematic review
Authors: Nichols Zackary William , O'Brien Daniel , White Steven Gordon 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo identify, critique and synthesise the research findings that evaluate the use of resistance training (RT) programmes on return to sport outcome measures for people following ACL repair (ACLR).Design and data sourcesThis systematic review included a comprehensive search of electronic databases (EBSCO health databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus), Scopus and Pedro) performed in June 2020 and was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Studies were appraised using the Downs and Black checklist.Eligibility criteriaRandomised and non-randomised controlled trials, longitudinal cohort studies and case series were considered for inclusion where an adequate description of the RT intervention was provided as a part of the study’s ACLR rehabilitation protocol. Articles that did not include outcome measures related to return to sport criteria were excluded.ResultsEleven articles met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to appraisal and data extraction. Study quality ranged from poor to excellent. RT intensity varied considerably among studies (between 5% and >80% of one repetition maximum). Only one identified study specifically investigated the effect of a low-intensity versus high-intensity RT protocol. The majority of studies reported participant outcomes that would not meet commonly used return to sport criteria.ConclusionThere appears to be considerable variation in the intensity of RT prescribed in research for people following ACLR. Furthermore, in most of the identified studies, RT protocols promoted muscle endurance and hypertrophy without progressing to strength or power-based RT. The findings of this review provide insight into potential factors limiting returning to sport and contributing to reinjury for people following ACLR.
Personalised external aortic root support for elective treatment of aortic root dilation in 200 patients
Authors: Van Hoof Lucas , Rega Filip , Golesworthy Tal , Verbrugghe Peter , Austin Conal , Takkenberg Johanna J M , Pepper John R , Treasure Tom 
Published: July 2021

Background and objectivesIn personalised external aortic root support (PEARS), a custom-made, macroporous mesh is used to stabilise a dilated aortic root and prevent dissection, primarily in patients with genetically driven aortopathies. Data are needed on the safety and postoperative incidence of aortic events.MethodsWe present a multicentre cohort study evaluating the first 200 consecutive patients (median age 33 years) undergoing surgery with an intention to perform PEARS for aortic root dilatation in 23 centres between 2004 and 2019. Perioperative outcomes were collected prospectively while clinical follow-up was retrieved retrospectively. Median follow-up was 21.2 months.ResultsThe main indication was Marfan syndrome (73.5%) and the most frequent concomitant procedure was mitral valve repair (10%). An intervention for myocardial ischaemia or coronary injury was needed in 11 patients, 1 case resulting in perioperative death. No ascending aortic dissections were observed in 596 documented postoperative patient years. Late reoperation was performed in 3 patients for operator failure to achieve complete mesh coverage. Among patients with at least mild aortic regurgitation (AR) preoperatively, 68% had no or trivial AR at follow-up.ConclusionsThis study represents the clinical history of the first 200 patients to undergo PEARS. To date, aortic dissection has not been observed in the restrained part of the aorta, yet long-term follow-up is needed to confirm the potential of PEARS to prevent dissection. While operative mortality is low, the reported coronary complications reflect the learning curve of aortic root surgery in patients with connective tissue disease. PEARS may stabilise or reduce aortic regurgitation.
Tryptophan potentiates CD8+T cells against cancer cells by TRIP12 tryptophanylation and surface PD-1 downregulation
Authors: Qin Rui , Zhao Chen , Wang Chen-Ji , Xu Wei , Zhao Jian-Yuan , Lin Yan , Yuan Yi-Yuan , Lin Peng-Cheng , Li Yao , Zhao Shimin , Huang Yan 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundTryptophan catabolites suppress immunity. Therefore, blocking tryptophan catabolism with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors is pursued as an anticancer strategy.MethodsThe intracellular level of tryptophan and kynurenine was detected by mass spectrum analysis. The effect of tryptophan and IDO inhibitors on cell surface programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) level were measured by flow cytometry. A set of biochemical analyses were used to figure out the underlying mechanism. In vitro co-culture system, syngeneic mouse models, immunofluorescent staining, and flow cytometry analysis were employed to investigate the role of tryptophan and IDO inhibitor in regulating the cytotoxicity of CD8+T cells.ResultsHere, we reported that IDO inhibitors activated CD8+T cells also by accumulating tryptophan that downregulated PD-1. Tryptophan and IDO inhibitors administration, both increased intracellular tryptophan, and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS) overexpression decreased Jurkat and mice CD8+T cell surface PD-1. Mechanistically, WARS tryptophanylated lysine 1136 of and activated E3 ligase TRIP12 to degrade NFATc1, a PD-1 transcription activator. SIRT1 de-tryptophanylated TRIP12 and reversed the effects of tryptophan and WARS on PD-1. Tryptophan or IDO inhibitors potentiated CD8+T cells to induce apoptosis of co-cultured cancer cells, increased cancer-infiltrating CD8+T cells and slowed down tumor growth of lung cancer in mice.ConclusionsOur results revealed the immune-activating efficacy of tryptophan, and suggested tryptophan supplemental may benefit IDO inhibitors and PD-1 blockade during anticancer treatments.
Overexpression of CD200 is a stem cell-specific mechanism of immune evasion in AML
Authors: Herbrich Shelley , Baran Natalia , Cai Tianyu , Weng Connie , Aitken Marisa J L , Post Sean M , Henderson Jared , Shi Chunhua , Havranek Ondrej , Richard-Carpentier Guillame , Sauvageau Guy , Baggerly Keith , Al-Atrash Gheath , Davis R Eric , Daver Naval , Zha Dongxing , Konopleva Marina 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells (LSCs) are capable of surviving current standard chemotherapy and are the likely source of deadly, relapsed disease. While stem cell transplant serves as proof-of-principle that AML LSCs can be eliminated by the immune system, the translation of existing immunotherapies to AML has been met with limited success. Consequently, understanding and exploiting the unique immune-evasive mechanisms of AML LSCs is critical.MethodsAnalysis of stem cell datasets and primary patient samples revealed CD200 as a putative stem cell–specific immune checkpoint overexpressed in AML LSCs. Isogenic cell line models of CD200 expression were employed to characterize the interaction of CD200+AML with various immune cell subsets both in vitro and in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)–humanized mouse models. CyTOF and RNA-sequencing were performed on humanized mice to identify novel mechanisms of CD200-mediated immunosuppression. To clinically translate these findings, we developed a fully humanized CD200 antibody (IgG1) that removed the immunosuppressive signal by blocking interaction with the CD200 receptor while also inducing a potent Fc-mediated response. Therapeutic efficacy of the CD200 antibody was evaluated using both humanized mice and patient-derived xenograft models.ResultsOur results demonstrate that CD200 is selectively overexpressed in AML LSCs and is broadly immunosuppressive by impairing cytokine secretion in both innate and adaptive immune cell subsets. In a PBMC-humanized mouse model, CD200+leukemia progressed rapidly, escaping elimination by T cells, compared with CD200−AML. T cells from mice with CD200+AML were characterized by an abundance of metabolically quiescent CD8+central and effector memory cells. Mechanistically, CD200 expression on AML cells significantly impaired OXPHOS metabolic activity in T cells from healthy donors. Importantly, CD200 antibody therapy could eliminate disease in the presence of graft-versus-leukemia in immune competent mice and could significantly improve the efficacy of low-intensity azacitidine/venetoclax chemotherapy in immunodeficient hosts.ConclusionsOverexpression of CD200 is a stem cell–specific marker that contributes to immunosuppression in AML by impairing effector cell metabolism and function. CD200 antibody therapy is capable of simultaneously reducing CD200-mediated suppression while also engaging macrophage activity. This study lays the groundwork for CD200-targeted therapeutic strategies to eliminate LSCs and prevent AML relapse.
Corrosion evaluation of helical steel piles in unsaturated tropical soils: a case study
Authors: Bispo Malcom Barbosa , Tsuha Cristina de Hollanda Cavalcanti 
Published: July 2021

This note presents a case study which aimed to identify the environmental effects that may cause or accelerate the corrosion of helical steel piles installed in a typical site of Brazilian unsaturated tropical soil. For this study, an experimental investigation was carried out based on a detailed examination of two helical piles, fabricated with weathering steel, exhumed after approximately 4 years of installation. The pile corrosion was evaluated through qualitative and quantitative interpretations. The results indicate that the corrosiveness increases markedly as the zone of groundwater table fluctuation was approached, and at the top-soil zone, due to the higher oxygen concentration. Insignificant corrosion was detected along the length of pile embedded below the groundwater table. Additionally, the inner surface of the examined closed-end steel pipe piles, which was not in contact with the soil, is much less affected by corrosion compared with the outer surface.
Log landings are methane emission hotspots in managed forests
Authors: Vantellingen Juliana , Thomas Sean C. 
Published: July 2021

Log landings are areas within managed forests used to process and store felled trees prior to transport. Through their construction and use soil is removed or redistributed, compacted, and organic matter contents may be increased by incorporation of wood fragments. The effects of these changes to soil properties on methane (CH4) flux are unclear and unstudied. We quantified CH4 flux rates from year-old landings in Ontario, Canada, and examined spatial variability and relationships to soil properties within these sites. Landings emitted CH4 throughout the growing season; the average CH4 emission rate from log landings was 69.2 ± 12.8 nmol·m−2·s−1 (26.2 ± 4.8 g CH4-C·m−2·year−1), a rate comparable to CH4-emitting wetlands. Emission rates were correlated to soil pH, organic matter content, and quantities of buried woody debris. These properties led to strong CH4 emissions, or “hotspots”, in certain areas of landings, particularly where processing of logs occurred and incorporated woody debris into the soil. At the forest level, emissions from landings were estimated to offset ∼12% of CH4 consumption from soils within the harvest area, although making up only ∼0.5% of the harvest area. Management practices to avoid or remediate these emissions should be developed as a priority measure in “climate-smart” forestry.
Probing anomalous quartic $$\gamma \gamma \gamma \gamma $$ couplings in light-by-light collisions at the CLIC
Authors: İnan S. C. , Kisselev A. V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe anomalous quartic neutral couplings of the$$\gamma \gamma \gamma \gamma $$γγγγvertex in a polarized light-by-light scattering of the Compton backscattered photons at the CLIC are examined. Both differential and total cross sections are calculated for$$e^+e^-$$e+e-collision energies 1500 GeV and 3000 GeV. The helicity of the initial electron beams is taken to be$$\pm \,0.8$$±0.8. The unpolarized and SM cross sections for the same values of helicities are also estimated. The 95% C.L. exclusion limits on two anomalous photon couplings$$\zeta _1$$ζ1and$$\zeta _2$$ζ2are calculated. The best bounds on these couplings are found to be$$6.85 \times 10^{-16} \text { GeV}^{-4}$$6.85×10-16GeV-4and$$1.43 \times 10^{-15} \text { GeV}^{-4}$$1.43×10-15GeV-4, respectively. The results are compared with the exclusion bounds obtained previously for the LHC and HL-LHC. It is shown that the light-by-light scattering at the CLIC, especially the polarized, has a greater potential to search for the anomalous quartic neutral couplings of the$$\gamma \gamma \gamma \gamma $$γγγγvertex.
Smoking and Cannabis Use among Childhood Cancer Survivors: Results of the French Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Bougas Nicolas , Fresneau Brice , Pinto Sandrine , Mayet Aurélie , Marchi Joffrey , Pein François , Mansouri Imene , Journy Neige M.Y. , Jackson Angela , Souchard Vincent , Demoor-Goldschmidt Charlotte , Vu-Bezin Giao , Rubino Carole , Oberlin Odile , Haddy Nadia , de Vathaire Florent , Allodji Rodrigue S. , Dumas Agnès 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
Unhealthy behaviors among childhood cancer survivors increase the risks for cancer treatment adverse effects. We aimed to assess tobacco and cannabis use prevalence in this population and to identify factors associated with these consumptions.

Methods:
This study involved 2,887 5-year survivors from the French childhood cancer survivor study (FCCSS) cohort. Data on health behaviors were compared with those of controls from the general population. Associations of current smoking and cannabis use with clinical features, sociodemographic characteristics, and health-related quality of life (QOL) were investigated using multivariable logistic regressions.

Results:
Prevalence for tobacco use was lower in survivors (26%) than in controls (41%, P &lt; 0.001). Among current smokers, survivors smoked more cigarettes per day and started at a younger age than controls. Women, college graduates, older, married, and CNS tumor survivors, as well as those who received chemotherapy and thoracic radiation therapy, were less likely to be smokers and/or cannabis consumers than others. Participants with a poor mental QOL were more likely to smoke.

Conclusions:
Preventive interventions and cessation programs must be carried out as early as possible in survivors' life, especially among young males with low educational level and poor mental health.

Impact:
This study brings new insights to health behaviors among childhood cancer survivors from a population with high rates of smoking and cannabis use.
Is Discordance Between Recommended and Actual Postacute Discharge Setting a Risk Factor for Readmission in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure?
Authors: Chou Aileen , Euloth Tracey , Matcho Beth , Pastva Amy M. , Bilderback Andrew , Freburger Janet K. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Readmissions in patients with congestive heart failure are common and often preventable. Limited data suggest that patients discharged to a less intensive postacute care setting than recommended are likely to readmit. We examined whether postacute setting discordance (discharge to a less intensive postacute setting than recommended by a physical and occupational therapist) was associated with hospital readmission in patients with congestive heart failure. We also assessed sociodemographic and clinical predictors of setting discordance.

Methods and Results
Retrospective analysis of administrative claims and electronic health record data was conducted on 25 500 adults with a discharge diagnosis of congestive heart failure from 12 acute care hospitals in Western Pennsylvania. Generalized linear mixed models were estimated to examine the association between postacute setting discordance and 30‐day hospital readmission and to identify predictors of setting discordance. The 30‐day readmission and postacute setting discordance rates were high (23.7%, 20.6%). While controlling for demographic and clinical covariates, patients in discordant postacute settings were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04–1.20). The effect was also seen in the subgroup of patients with low mobility scores (adjusted OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.08–1.33). Factors associated with setting discordance were lower‐income, higher comorbidity burden, therapist recommendation disagreement, and midrange mobility limitations.

Conclusions
Postacute setting discordance was associated with an increased readmission risk in patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure. Maximizing concordance between therapist recommended and actual postacute discharge setting may decrease readmissions. Understanding factors associated with post‐acute setting discordance can inform strategies to improve the quality of the discharge process.
Replication Stress Response Modifies Sarcomeric Cardiomyopathy Remodeling
Authors: Pal Soumojit , Nixon Benjamin R. , Glennon Michael S. , Shridhar Puneeth , Satterfield Sidney L. , Su Yan Ru , Becker Jason R. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Sarcomere gene mutations lead to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and pathological myocardial remodeling. However, there is considerable phenotypic heterogeneity at both the cellular and the organ level, suggesting modifiers regulate the effects of these mutations. We hypothesized that sarcomere dysfunction leads to cardiomyocyte genotoxic stress, and this modifies pathological ventricular remodeling.

Methods and Results

Using a murine model deficient in the sarcomere protein, Mybpc3
−/−
(cardiac myosin‐binding protein 3), we discovered that there was a surge in cardiomyocyte nuclear DNA damage during the earliest stages of cardiomyopathy. This was accompanied by a selective increase in ataxia telangiectasia and rad3‐related phosphorylation and increased p53 protein accumulation. The cause of the DNA damage and DNA damage pathway activation was dysregulated cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis, leading to replication stress. We discovered that selective inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia and rad3 related or cardiomyocyte deletion of p53 reduced pathological left ventricular remodeling and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in Mybpc3
−/−
animals. Mice and humans harboring other types of sarcomere gene mutations also had evidence of activation of the replication stress response, and this was associated with cardiomyocyte aneuploidy in all models studied.

Conclusions
Collectively, our results show that sarcomere mutations lead to activation of the cardiomyocyte replication stress response, which modifies pathological myocardial remodeling in sarcomeric cardiomyopathy.
Reducing Cardiovascular Maternal Mortality by Extending Medicaid for Postpartum Women
Authors: Luther Janki P. , Johnson Daniel Y. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Lindley Kathryn J. 
Published: July 2021

Maternal mortality has been increasing in the United States over the past 3 decades, while decreasing in all other high‐income countries during the same period. Cardiovascular conditions account for over one fourth of maternal deaths, with two thirds of deaths occurring in the postpartum period. There are also significant healthcare disparities that have been identified in women experiencing maternal morbidity and mortality, with Black women at 3 to 4 times the risk of death as their White counterparts and women in rural areas at heightened risk for cardiovascular morbidity and maternal morbidity. However, many maternal deaths have been shown to be preventable, and improving access to care may be a key solution to addressing maternal cardiovascular mortality. Medicaid currently finances almost half of all births in the United States and is mandated to provide coverage for women with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level, for up to 60 days postpartum. In states that have not expanded coverage, new mothers become uninsured after 60 days. Medicaid expansion has been shown to reduce maternal mortality, particularly benefiting racial and ethnic minorities, likely through reduced insurance churn, improved postpartum access to care, and improved interpregnancy care. However, even among states with Medicaid expansion, significant care gaps exist. An additional proposed intervention to improve access to care in these high‐risk populations is extension of Medicaid coverage for 1 year after delivery, which would provide the most benefit to women in Medicaid nonexpanded states, but also improve care to women in Medicaid expanded states.
Performer Experience on a Continuous Keyboard Instrument
Authors: Moro Giulio , McPherson Andrew P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
On several keyboard instruments the produced sound is not always dependent exclusively on a discrete key-velocity parameter, and minute gestural details can affect the final sonic result. By contrast, variations in articulation beyond velocity have normally no effect on the produced sound when the keyboard controller uses the MIDI standard, used in the vast majority of digital keyboards. In this article, we introduce a novel keyboard-based digital musical instrument that uses continuous readings of key position to control a nonlinear waveguide flute synthesizer with a richer set of interaction gestures than would be possible with a velocity-based keyboard. We then report on the experience of six players interacting with our instrument and reflect on their experience, highlighting the opportunities and challenges that come with continuous key sensing.
The Experience of Presence in the Mars Exploration Rover
Mission
Authors: Chiappe Dan , Vervaeke John 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Scientists working in the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission (2004–2018) reported having a sense of presence on Mars. How is this possible, given that many of the factors underlying presence in mundane situations were absent? We use Riva and Waterworth's (2014) Three-Level model to elucidate how presence was achieved. It distinguishes among proto-presence, core-presence, and extended-presence. We argue that scientists did not experience proto-presence because it requires a tight sensorimotor coupling not available due to the way the rovers were controlled and due to the lengthy delays in getting feedback. Instead, the design of the sociotechnical system made core-presence and extended-presence possible. Extended-presence involved successfully establishing long-term conceptual goals during strategic planning meetings. Core-presence involved enacting short-term tactical goals by carrying out specific actions on particular targets, abstracting away from sensorimotor details. The shift of perspective to the Martian surface was facilitated by team members “becoming the rover,” which allowed them to identify relevant affordances evident in images. We argue, however, that because Mars exploration is a collective activity involving shared agency by a distributed cognitive system, the experience of core- and extended-presence was a collective sense of presence through the rovers.