bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Minoxidil Topical 2% Nanosuspension with Aqueous Base in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia Areata
Authors: Mirzaeei Shahla , Barfar Ashkan , Mehrandish Saba , Ebrahimi Ali 
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose:
Using the commercially manufactured forms of minoxidil, the only approved topical drug preparation for hair regrowth in patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) comes across with challenges such as limited permeation through the superficial layers of the skin to reach the site of action and topical adverse reactions like itching and inflammation occur because of the ethanol in the formulations. In this study, a novel nanosuspension formulation with an aqueous base was prepared and evaluated to overcome the discussed challenges.

Materials and Methods:
The nanosuspension formulation was characterized by size, zeta potential, morphology, and in vitro release. Seventy patients were subjected to use either 1 mL of nanosuspension or the commercial product twice daily for six months and were then examined for changes in hair follicle diameter and hair density within a 1 × 1-cm2 area of the scalp as the primary endpoints besides any adverse reaction manifestation as the secondary endpoint.

Results:
The nanosuspension formulation showed uniform morphology, 200-nm particle size, and suitable zeta potential that ensures the stability. The in vitro release study exhibited almost 90% release in the first 6 h. It was observed that there were no significant differences between the efficacy of aqueous-based topical 2% nanosuspension of minoxidil and the commercial product in the treatment of AGA (P > 0.05). However, the aqueous-based topical 2% nanosuspension formulation showed better safety and tolerability compared to the marketed profile.

Conclusions:
It could be concluded that aqueous-based topical 2% nanosuspension is a suitable form with enhanced patient compliance compared to commercially manufactured products.
Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses of the Constituents of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Quercus infectoria Gall from Kermanshah and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Negar , Ghiasian Masoud , Faradmal Javad , Dastan Dara 
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose:

Quercus infectoria is a species of Quercus genus (Fagaceae) whose galls are known in traditional medicine for their antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and astringent effects. The present study aimed to carry out quantitative and qualitative analyses of the constituents of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Q. infectoria galls from Kermanshah and to evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Materials and Methods:
Following the extraction process using ethanol/water (70/30), phytochemical tests were done. Total phenol and flavonoid and antioxidant and antibacterial activities against specific strains of bacteria were evaluated. Some of the constituents of the extract were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array, and their amount was obtained.

Results:
The phytochemical tests proved that the extract contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and phenolic compounds. The amount of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds was 16.21 and 1.78 mg/g dried galls, respectively. The IC50 value of the antioxidant constituents of the extract was 47 μg/mL. The results of the antimicrobial assay showed the high activity of the extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis. The quantitative analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, benzoic acid, and caffeic acid (12.30, 10.72, 5.00, 9.25, and 3.94 mg/g dried galls, respectively).

Conclusion:
Considering the results of this study, the extract of Q. infectoria galls could be used as a primary substance in treating bacterial infections and oxidative stress-related diseases.
Antidiabetic Potential Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Rob.) Leaf Extract via Antioxidant Activities, Inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, G-6-Pase by In Vitro Assay
Authors: Widowati Wahyu , Tjokropranoto Rita , Wahyudianingsih Roro , Tih Fen , Sadeli Lisawati , Kusuma Hanna Sari Widya , Fuad Nerissa Arviana , Girsang Ermi , Agatha Faustina Audrey 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by glucose levels and results in impaired insulin secretion. This disorder has triggered oxidative stress and excess free radicals condition. Smallanthus sonchifolius is a traditional medicine that acts as a diabetic therapy. This research aims to bring out the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of S. sonchifolius extract (SSE).

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted to measure the qualitative phytochemical identification, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of SSE. The antioxidant assay was carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH)-scavenging activity, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)-scavenging and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-reducing activity assays, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) potency, while anti-diabetic activity of SSE assay was carried out using inhibitory of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-Pase).

Results:
SSE contained phenols, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of samples were calculated based on median inhibitory concentration (IC50). The IC50 values of SSE antioxidant, respectively, were DPPH (IC50 = 62.72 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 61.03 μg/mL), H2O2 (IC50 = 438.36 μg/mL), the highest FRAP activity was 125.31 μM Fe(II)/μg extract at a concentration level of SSE 50 μg/mL. The IC50 values of SSE antidiabetic were α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 37.86 μg/mL), α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 90.41 μg/mL), and G-6-Pase inhibition (IC50 = 98.07 μg/mL), respectively.

Conclusions:
SSE has antidiabetic potential through antioxidant activities and α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and G-6-Pase inhibition activities.
The Randomized Clinical Trial of Safety and Efficacy of Oral Tramadol in Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy
Authors: Zobeiri Mehdi , Kamari Teimour , Rezaei Mansour , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein 
Published: December 2021

Background and Study Aims:
Colonoscopy is a wide-spreading procedure with pain as a habitual challenge for the therapeutic team. The aim of this study is to evaluate safety and efficacy of oral tramadol in patients undergoing colonoscopy.

Patients and Methods:
This randomized controlled trial was performed in 124 consecutive patients who completed total colonoscopy, which is randomly divided into two groups, receiving either 100 mg single dose oral tramadol or placebo. Pain intensity during colonoscopy is evaluated by numerical rating scale (NRS) criteria in four levels: no pain, mild, moderate, and severe pain. This study was registered in http://www.IRCT.ir, number: IRCT2015010820610N1.

Results:
Two groups were matched in age, sex, and colonoscopy indication. The pain intensity in patients receiving tramadol was significantly lower than that in patients receiving placebo (P <0.05). Nausea, sweating, moaning, and palpitation during colonoscopy were significantly lower, and desire to do a colonoscopy without sedation was significantly higher in the tramadol group.

Conclusion:
Oral tramadol in patients undergoing colonoscopy is effective in reducing pain and symptoms.
Minor ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in young adults
Authors: Elramady Sarah Z. , Rashed Khaled H. , Mohamed Rania E.E. , Nassar Hasan G.E. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Minor stroke and transient ischemic attack are markers of reduced cerebral blood flow; they rarely occur in the young but may have a long-lasting impact and also lifelong cognitive impairment.

Aim
The objective of our work was to estimate the possible etiologies and early functional and disability outcome in young adults.

Patients and methods
This study was carried out on 52 patients aged from 18 to 50 years submitted to history taking, general medical examination, neurological evaluation, cardiologic assessment including (ECG, transthoracic echo, and transesophageal echo if needed), laboratory investigation, and radiological imaging including [computed tomography (CT) brain, MRI brain with diffusion, carotid duplex, transcranial duplex (TCD), and/or CT angiography when needed]. Modified Rankin scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale were done at admission and 3 months after onset to assess physical dependence and cognitive impairment.

Results
The main risk factors for the development of minor stroke and transient ischemic attack were smoking (40.38%), hypertension (38.46%), diabetes mellitus (25%), cardiac disease (25%), and addiction (11.54%). The leading causes were small-artery disease (26.92%) and cardioembolic subtype (25%). The radiological finding of acute ischemic lesion was more common on diffusion-weighed imaging MRI than CT.

Conclusions
Smoking and hypertension were the most common risk factors. The most common causes are small-artery and cardioembolic diseases. Cognitive functions showed improvement within 3 months.
Cytokine profiles in highly active antiretroviral treatment non-adherent, adherent and naive HIV-1 infected patients in Western Kenya
Authors: Musa Fauzia , Shaviya Nathan , Mambo Fidelis , Abonyo Collins , Barasa Erick , Wafula Philemon , Sowayi George , Barasa Mustafa , Were Tom 
Published: December 2021

Background: Cytokines play an important role in signaling the immune system to build an adequate immune responseagainst HIV. HIV distorts the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines causing viral replication. Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) acts by trying to restore pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance. It is not clear how HAART non-adherence influences circulating cytokine levels. This study therefore determined cytokine levels in HAART non-adherent individuals.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 163 participants (51 controls, 23 HIV-1+ HAART naive, 28 HAART-adherent6 months, 19 HAART-adherent 12 months and 42 HAART non-adherent). Cytokines were analyzed by ELISA while CD4 T cells determined in 3.0 μl of whole blood using BD FACSCaliburTM and viral load in 0.2ml plasma sample using Abbott Molecular m2000sp sample preparation and m2000rt real-time amplification and detection systems (Abbott MolecularInc., Illinois, USA) according to the manufacturer’s methods.
Results: IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β were significantly elevated in HIV-1 HAART non-adherent compared withHIV-1 HAART adherent and healthy controls P<0.01. IFN- γ was significantly decreased in HIV-1 HAART non-adherentcompared with HIV-1 HAART adherent and healthy controls P<0.01. TNF-α and TGF-β were significantly reduced in HIV-1 HAART adherent patients at 12 months compared to those at 6 months P<0.01. IL-4 and IL-10 correlated positively withviral load. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF- β associated inversely with CD4 T cell counts and body mass index (BMI).
Conclusion: This study established that HAART adherence is immunologically beneficial to the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance milieu while non-adherence appears to cause alterations in pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines warping the balance in this dichotomy.
Keywords: Cytokines; non-adherence; HAART.
Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance pattern in Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from patients attended with urinary infections to Tertiary Hospitals, in Iran
Authors: Tabatabaei Azardokht , Ahmadi Khadijeh , Namazi Shabestari Alireza , Khosravi Nastaran , Badamchi Ali 
Published: December 2021

Background: Proteus mirabilis is a frequent reason for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to identify virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in P. mirabilis strains isolated from patients whoattended a tertiary hospital in Iran.
Methods: In this study, 100 P. mirabilis strains from urine samples were isolated. These isolated strains were identified by biochemical and PCR-based tests, and their antibiotic resistance was profiled through a standard procedure using 14 antibiotics.PCR assays were used to detect virulence-related genes in P. mirabilis strains. The biofilm formation of each P. mirabilis strain was examined.
Results: Of the 100 P. mirabilis isolates, 16 (16%) were multidrug-resistant. High resistance was observed against cotrimoxazole (97%), nalidixic acid (93%), cefotaxime (77%), and amoxicillin (62%). Sixty of the 100 isolates showed resistance against extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The prevalence rates of the genes related to the virulence factors in this study were mrpH (100%), ucaA (91%), hpmA (94%), zapA (95%), ptaA (100%), ureG (100%), pmfA (100%), fliC (97%), and mrpA (90%) using PCR method. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 20% (5/25) of the strains isolated fromnon-catheterized samples and 80% (20/25) of strains isolated from catheterized samples.
Conclusions: Resistance to antibiotics and the prevalence of pathogenicity genes are high in Proteus mirabilis strains iolated from UTIs.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Proteus mirabilis; biofilm; virulence factors.
Falls and potential therapeutic interventions among elderly and older adult patients with cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Kamal Abdelbasset Walid , Nambi Gopal , H Elsayed Shereen , M Osailan Ahmad , M Eid Marwa 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review for previous publications that have assessed the incidence, risk factors, and favorable procedures to prevent and manage falls among cancer survivors of elderly and older adults.
Materials: This systematic review was undertook using PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane Database of clinical studies and systematic reviews to determine the incidence, risk factors, favorable inpatient and outpatient management, and non-pharmacological interventions for falls among elderly and older adult patients with cancer from 2010 to October, 2020.
Results: After the comprehensive screening, clinical studies, meta-analysis, systematic reviews, and established guidelines were included in this review. Only 5 clinical studies (3 randomized and 2 single-arm studies), 5 systematic reviews, and 6 established guidelines were considered eligible. The five systematic reviews provide risk factors of falls and the 6 guidelines provide assessment & prevention modalities of falls, however, the 6 clinical studies provide the non-pharmacological intervention for falling among cancer survivors. Many factors associated are demonstrated among wide range of elderly individuals.Earlier falls were reliably listed as an important risk factor of falls in the two inpatient and outpatient environments including both general older people and geriatric cancer populations.
Conclusions: This review concludes that the assessment of falls among older individuals with cancer is the most important way for determining who could need additional observation and treatment program. Health professions involving physical therapy and occupational therapy have an important function for promoting health well-being in elderly and older adults with cancer.
Keywords: Cancer; falls; elderly; older adults, risk factors, intervention.
Exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Woldia Town, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Sisay Yimer Desale , Seid Adem Omer , Arefayene Mastewal , Chanie Tefera , Linger Endalifer Melese 
Published: December 2021

Background: Inappropriate practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is still a major problem worldwide.Objective: To identify exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Woldia Town.Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was carried out.Interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized to collect the data. The questionnaire was adapted from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Hosmer-Lemeshowmodel was fitted at a P-value of 0.91. Finally, Variables having P-Value <0.05 with 95% CI was considered as significant factors.Result: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice was 46.2% (95% CI: 42.0, 49.8). Being employed mothers (AOR=0.62,95% CI:0.44,0.87), being head of a household (AOR=0.52,95% CI:0.32,0.83),not g getting husband support (AOR:0.5,95%CI:0.34,0.74),not fed colostrum’s (AOR:0.36,95%CI:0.23,0.57),not affected by traditional belief (AOR:3.59,95% CI:2.09-6.17) shows significant association with Exclusive breast feeding practice.Conclusion: The prevalence of exclusive breast feeding practice was relatively lower than the National prevalence. Some demographic variable and traditional beliefs were significantly associated with exclusive breast feeding. Designing model policies that empower the role of women and eradicating bad traditional beliefs in the community is fundamental step.
Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding; Breastfeeding practice; Breastfeeding Promotion.
Phytochemical profile and in vitro antioxidant activity of Emelia M (EMB), Mshikazi and Delosma H herbal medicines as demonstrated in THP-1 and Jurkat leukaemia cell lines
Authors: Nkechinyere Adeniyi Joy , Nlooto Manimbulu , Ngcobo Mlungisi , Moodley Roshila , Gomo Exnevia 
Published: December 2021

Background: Three decoctions, namely Emelia M (EMB), Mshikazi and Delosma H are used by traditional health practitioners in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to treat and manage leukaemia and related conditionsObjectives: This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity and phytochemical profile of the aqueous extracts of Emelia M (EMB), Mshikazi and Delosma H decoctions.Methods: Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), glutathione (GSH), phosphomolybdate and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assays. Phytochemical screening was used to determinethe presence of compounds.Results: The DPPH radical scavenging activity was similar to ascorbic acid for EMB and Delosma H, but not for Mshikazi. At 24 h, EMB increased GSH in both THP-1 and Jurkat cells similar to Delosma H while Mshikazi demonstrated the lowest activity. At 48 h, EMB and Delosma H revealed increased GSH in THP-1 cells with no significant decrease in GSH levels in Jurkat cells. However, EMB showed the lowest lipid peroxidation activity compared to Delosma H and Mshikazi after 24 h treatment of both cells. Phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins were present in all extracts.Conclusion: Extracts of the three decoctions possess both antioxidant and prooxidant properties through high scavenging activity and increased in lipid peroxidation.
Keywords: Antioxidants; herbal medicines; Emelia M; Mshikazi; Delosma H.
The ambassador of Spain to the Russian Empire Anibal Morillo y Pérez del Villar and his “Memories”
Authors: Vepretskaya T. Yu. 
Published: December 2021

The article examines the memoirs of a Spanish diplomat Anibal Morillo and Perez del Villar, the Count of Cartagena. He held the post of the Spanish ambassador in the Russian Empire in 1914-1916 when World War One broke out. “Memories of my Embassy in Russia” by Morillo is a specific source that shows the life of the zarist court and diplomatic circles of St. Petersburg in that period. The Count of Cartagena’s activity has not been considered much in Russian historiography. Based on the analysis of his memoirs, the author of the article suggests that Morillo considered the Russian revolution to be brought in from outside. A study of the memoirs showed that the Spanish ambassador at St. Petersburg preferred German diplomacy and had a peculiar notion of the role of Russia in unleashing the war. The author of this article concludes that Morillo’s ideas were partly shaped by the internal problems and the international situation of his own country at the beginning of the 20th century and that the Spanish ambassador was one of the Spanish Germanophiles. Spain maintained strict neutrality throughout the war. The Spanish embassy in Russia carried out important humanitarian mission and active mediation activities, supporting Russian citizens on enemy territory and trying to improve the situation of Russian prisoners of war and facilitate their return. The issue of the personal participation of Anibal Morillo in mediation is also touched upon in this article.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПАСТИЛЫ И МАРМЕЛАДА ПОВЫШЕННОЙ
БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЦЕННОСТИ
Authors: Петрухин Д. А. , Ковалев Е. Д. а , Ключко Н. Ю. 
Published: December 2021

Во всём мире широко распространены кондитерские изделия, особое место среди
которых занимают так называемые мармеладно-пастильные изделия (МПИ). В нашей
стране эта группа представлена довольно широким ассортиментом и пользуется большим
спросом среди населения, особенно среди молодёжи. Эти факты дают основания для
разработки или совершенствования методов, позволяющих снизить калорийность данной
продукции, а также повысить их энергетическую и пищевую ценность. В статье
рассмотрены запатентованные методы обогащения пастилы полезными для человеческого
организма компонентами и перспективы внедрения в рецептуры указанного
кондитерского изделия биологически ценных веществ. Предложен ряд рецептур
мармелада и пастилы, который может быть задействован в качестве технологической
основы с учётом современных тенденций, существующих при производстве МПИ.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ВНУТРЕННИХ
УСИЛИЙ В АРКАХ С УЧЕТОМ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ
СНЕГОВОЙ НАГРУЗКИ В НОРМАТИВНЫХ
ДОКУМЕНТАХ РАЗЛИЧНОГО ГОДА ВЫПУСКА
Authors: Коваль А. С. , Хомякова И. В. , Концедаева Ж. Г. 
Published: December 2021

В статье представлены результаты анализа зависимости внутренних усилий
в сечениях параболических арок со стрелой подъема 1/5l с различным пролетом l от действия
снеговой нагрузки, рассчитанной по нормативным документам разного года выпуска (СНиП
2.01.07-85* , СП 20.13330.2011 СП 20.13330.2016) .
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СТУДЕНТОВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ВУЗА, ОТНЕСЁННЫХ К ПЕРВОЙ И ТРЕТЬЕЙ ГРУППАМ ЗДОРОВЬЯ
Authors: Киселёва Е. Э. , Пыленок М. А. 
Published: December 2021

В данной статье рассматривается понятие физической активности, производимое
скелетными мышцами, которое требует расхода энергии. Даются определения ИМТ
(индекс массы тела), мышечной массы, висцерального жира. Написанная работа знакомит
с результатами исследования в области физической активности студентов. Делается вывод
о её влияние на организм разных групп респондентов
ВНУТРЕННИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ В ДОШКОЛЬНОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ
ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА
ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Тихоненко К.В. 
Published: December 2021

В статье проведен анализ системы внутреннего контроля в образовательной
организации. Изучены алгоритм создания, критерии и функции внутренней системы
контроля и анализа качества в дошкольной образовательной организации как возможность
обеспечить правильную оценку качества предоставляемого образования и своевременно
скорректировать имеющиеся проблемы в образовательной организации.
РАЗРАБОТКА РЕГИСТРАТОРА СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЯ
ИЗОЛЯЦИИ НА ОСНОВЕ МИКРОКОНТРОЛЛЕРА АРДУИНО
Authors: Ляшенко А. П. , Кукуев М. Д. 
Published: December 2021

В работе представлены исследования, направленные на разработку регистратора
сопротивления изоляции на основе микроконтроллера Ардуино, который использовался в
сочетании с прибором контроля состояния изоляции ПКИ-2. Описаны особенности работы
прибора ПКИ-2, выбран способ подключения микроконтроллера, разработана программа для
него. Полученные результаты позволяют усовершенствовать процесс диагностирования
изоляции электрооборудования, тем самым повысив его безопасность.