bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It’s the democracy, stupid!” in defence of KlimaSeniorinnen
Authors: Eckes Christina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Small numbers of litigants asking a small number of unelected judges to impose limits on majoritarian decision-making stands at least prima facie in tension with majoritarianism as a central legitimizing principle of democracy in Europe. In KlimaSeniorinnen, the European Court of Human Rights required the Contracting Parties to quantify a fair share national carbon budget. Several aspects of the ruling demonstrate great deference to the national democratic process: how the Court emphasized climate exceptionalism, extended NGO standing, reduced the States’ margin of discretion in relation to their (international) climate commitments, and approached extraterritoriality.
Staatsräson vs. Weltordnung: Gaza als Feuerprobe wertebasierter Außenpolitik im Globalen Süden
Authors: Grimm Jannis Julien , Schneider Marcus 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die unverbrüchliche Parteinahme für Israel hat die Glaubwürdigkeit Deutschlands im Globalen Süden nachhaltig beschädigt. Längst sind Gaza-Krieg und die deutsche Staatsräson dort zu Symbolen für westliche Doppelmoral avanciert. Die offensichtliche Dissonanz zwischen dem deutschen Bekenntnis zu einer wertebasierten Außenpolitik und der Unterstützung Israels trotz schwerer Kriegsverbrechen trägt zur Erosion der regelbasierten Weltordnung bei. Um diesem Trend entgegenzuwirken, bedarf die deutsche Außenpolitik einer grundlegenden Neuausrichtung auf ein prinzipielles Bekenntnis zum Völkerrecht.
Reinforcing long lead time drought forecasting with a novel hybrid deep learning model: a case study in Iran
Authors: Moghaddasi Mahnoosh , Moradi Mansour , Ghaleni Mahdi Mohammadi , Yaseen Zaher Mundher 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Drought assessment is inherently complex, particularly under the influences of climate change, which complicates long-term forecasting. This study introduces a novel hybrid deep learning model, Deep Feedforward Natural Networks (DFFNN), enhanced by War Strategy Optimization (WSO), aimed at forecasting the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for lead times of one, three, six, nine, and twelve months. Key parameters of the DFFNN, including the number of neurons and layers, learning rate, training function, and weight initialization, were optimized using the WSO algorithm. The model’s performance was validated against two established optimizers: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Evaluations were conducted at two synoptic stations with distinct climatic conditions in Iran. Results demonstrated that the WSO-DFFNN model achieved superior performance for SPEI 12 (t + 1) with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9961 and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) of 0.1028; for SPEI 12 (t + 3) with r = 0.8856 and NRMSE = 0.1833; for SPEI 12 (t + 6) with r = 0.8573 and NRMSE = 0.2203; for SPEI 12 (t + 9) with r = 0.7951 and NRMSE = 0.2479; and for SPEI 12 (t + 12) with r = 0.7840 and NRMSE = 0.3279 at the Chabahar station. Additionally, the WSO-DFFNN model outperformed for SPEI 12 (t + 1) with r = 0.9118 and NRMSE = 0.1704; for SPEI 12 (t + 3) with r = 0.8386 and NRMSE = 0.2048; for SPEI 12 (t + 6) with r = 0.7602 and NRMSE = 0.2919; for SPEI 12 (t + 9) with r = 0.6379 and NRMSE = 0.2843; and for SPEI 12 (t + 12) with r = 0.6044 and NRMSE = 0.3463 at the Anzali station. The results obtained from this study have the potential to improve drought management strategies.
Insuperable Strategies in Two-Player and Reducible Multi-Player Games
Authors: Chalub Fabio A. C. C. , Souza Max O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Real populations are seldom found at the Nash equilibrium strategy. The present work focuses on how population size can be a relevant evolutionary force diverting the population from its expected Nash equilibrium. We introduce the concept of insuperable strategy, a strategy that guarantees that no other player can have a larger payoff than the player that adopts it. We show that this concept is different from the rationality assumption frequently used in game theory and that for small populations the insuperable strategy is the most probable evolutionary outcome for any dynamics that equal game payoff and reproductive fitness. We support our ideas with several examples and numerical simulations. We finally discuss how to extend the concept to multiplayer games, introducing, in a limited way, the concept of game reduction.
Teachers who stay in hard-to-staff schools: School responses to the teacher shortage crisis
Authors: McPherson Amy , Lampert Jo , Baptista Alonso Casanueva 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we report on some early findings from a project that explores the experiences of teacher shortages in hard-to-staff schools in Australia. We provide an in-depth account of the experiences of teachers who remain at schools characterised by unfilled vacancies, high staff turnover and a limited casual relief workforce. These experiences are often overlooked because most studies concerning teacher shortages typically analyse such issues through a labour market lens, concentrating on supply and demand and the extent and causes of the shortages. We use a work-storied approach that includes data from purposeful conversations, walking interviews, work-shadowing and journals, to examine the impact of teacher shortages on schools with low scores on the index of community socio-educational advantage across rural and metropolitan. This research explores how school leaders and teachers who remain in their roles respond to the challenges of teacher shortages. It examines the strategies they respond to these issues, focusing on how they adapt and modify organisational structures and norms to manage the impacts. We demonstrate how teacher shortages cause ripple effects across schools that create challenges beyond filling vacancies: the hard-to-staff schools in our study must simultaneously manage high teacher turnover, attrition, induction, out-of-field teaching, teacher workload capacity, and student behaviour issues. Ultimately, the current workforce conditions force strategic responses to unfilled vacancies and high teacher turnover in ways that intensify the already high-pressure working conditions for teachers and school leaders.
Chinese EFL Middle School Learners’ Reading Skills: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Shi Yujie , Lee Byungmin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study classifies profiles of readers by combining good readers, poor comprehenders, dyslexia, and generally poor readers based on the Simple View of Reading (SVR) model that individual readers have different profiles of reading skills. A total of 501 ninth-grade Chinese middle school students participated in the study. They engaged in five tests pertaining to English reading-related skills (decoding, vocabulary knowledge, syntactic knowledge, morphological knowledge, and reading comprehension) and completed a survey questionnaire to provide information on their SES and English learning background. Results showed six profiles (top readers with highest decoding and language comprehension, good readers with good decoding and language comprehension, average readers with average decoding and language comprehension, poor comprehenders with average decoding but low language comprehension, poor decoders with specific decoding difficulties, poor readers with mixed reading difficulties) were drawn from latent profile analysis. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that each profile of reading skill was influenced by the education level of parents, number of English books, English private tutoring lessons, and English advanced prior learning.
The protein phosphatases of abscisic acid coreceptors mediate carbon metabolism in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yoshida Takuya , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in various processes in plant growth, development and stress responses. Clade A protein phosphatases of type 2C (PP2Cs) inhibit the core kinases of ABA signaling in the absence of ABA and serve as ABA coreceptors by forming a complex with the receptor in the presence of ABA. There are nine clade A PP2Cs in Arabidopsis, and previously, the triple mutants lacking three of the four selected PP2Cs exhibited impaired growth under well-watered conditions, partly because of the enhanced stress-related gene expression by ABA. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely obscure. To gain further insights into molecular events mediated by the PP2Cs, we performed metabolite profiling using gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry in ABA-insensitive and -hypersensitive mutants of the PP2Cs. A comparative analysis revealed that several metabolites, including organic and amino acids, exhibited opposite accumulation patterns in these PP2C mutants. Moreover, candidate enzyme and transporter genes downstream of the PP2Cs were identified by re-analyzing previously reported transcriptome data. Together with independent multi-omics studies, including metabolite profiling, on other ABA core signaling components, these results suggested that ABA signaling was associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle for adequate production of energy and amino acids.
Nitinol Stent Placement in a Stenosed Artery: A Highly Nonlinear Application Scenario for Two Novel Finite-Element Models
Authors: Gierig Meike , Liu Fangrui , Junker Philipp 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Shape memory alloys are complex materials with unique properties. Their appropriate modeling necessitates thermomechanically coupled approaches. A numerically robust and efficient material model that is based on energy principles has been presented in previous studies. The present work demonstrates its applicability to complex loading scenarios. To this end, the placement of a stent in a narrowed artery which damages is simulated. For the stent, a Nitinol material model is used and contact conditions between the stent and the artery wall are considered which introduce highly nonlinear kinematic constraints on the displacement field. Furthermore, the artery is modeled by Neo-Hookean hyperelasticity, including damage evolution. Gradient enhancement is included for regularization purposes. Hence, the presented numerical studies not only prove the applicability of both models to highly nonlinear simulation scenarios, they further allow for the investigation of stent-induced arterial injury. The latter, in turn, is known to initiate inflammatory responses in arteries which can lead to pathologic tissue responses. Concluding, both models can contribute to the investigation of new stent designs and stent–artery interactions to reduce arterial injury after cardiovascular interventions.
How does dishonesty diffuse? An experiment comparing spread and concentrated incentives
Authors: Braut Beatrice , Piovesan Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We experimentally test if the propensity to cheat changes when subjects face different distributions of the same monetary incentive. Such a manipulation represents a costless intervention in the many situations where multiple reports are required simultaneously, like timesheets or expense reimbursements. In our experiment, subjects have to roll a die in private five times and report the outcomes. In the LAST treatment, only the fifth reported roll determines the payoff, whereas in the SUM treatment, all five reports contribute proportionally to the payoff. The possible reward from reporting remains the same, but the two treatments differ in the effort required to obtain it: inflating one report or many. We find that subjects report significantly higher numbers in LAST compared to the average report in SUM. Looking at the total of reports, it does not differ by treatment since subjects do not inflate the reported rolls when there is no incentive. Dishonesty differs as there are more opportunities, having the positive effect of reducing the total profit obtained from cheating, but the negative effect of spreading the lies across all the opportunities. The total amount of cheating made remains stable across conditions, but it costs less when the incentive is spread on multiple reports.
Can RAP from Crumb Rubber-Modified Asphalt Mixtures be Recycled Seamlessly as Standard RAP? A Comprehensive Laboratory Study
Authors: Lu Dai Xuan , Balasubramaniam Gokul , Enfrin Marie , Giustozzi Filippo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The recycling of end-of-life tyres such as crumb rubber (CR) in asphalt mixtures for roads addresses landfill and environmental issues. However, if a reclaimed crumb rubber asphalt mixture (CR-RAP) cannot be recycled, it may defer waste issues rather than offering a true eco-friendly solution. In this work, the future recyclability of dense graded CR-modified asphalt mixtures is investigated. In particular, this work examined the performance of a dense-graded asphalt mixture prepared with CR-RAP added at 15% and 30%. CR-RAP was manufactured in the laboratory by artificially ageing a CR asphalt mixture at two different ageing levels, equivalent to approximately 10 and 20 years of field ageing. Construction aspects, as well as key performance indicators of moisture damage, cracking and rutting resistance, were evaluated. The study revealed that adding more CR-RAP tends to reduce compactability. However, the asphalt mixtures with 15% and 30% CR-RAP added in this study had sufficient compactability. The study revealed that the inclusion of CR-RAP in a mixture does not generate additional moisture resistance issues; instead, it enhances the moisture resistance of the asphalt mixture. Compared with standard RAP, the inclusion of 30% CR-RAP can reduce cracking while improving rutting resistance in the asphalt mixture. Overall, the study suggests that CR-modified asphalt mixtures can be effectively recycled as conventional RAP in dense-graded asphalt mixtures. However, a high content of CR-RAP in dense graded asphalt mixtures might lead to compaction issues during construction if a proper mix design method is not employed.
Social Vulnerability and Poverty: the Impact of Discriminatory Experiences on Positive and Negatives Affect Among Roma and Non-Roma Poorer Communities
Authors: Ledo Jóni , Silva Patricia , Cruz Madalena , Oliveira António , Pereira Henrique , Oliveira Catarina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Discriminatory experiences have an impact on the positive and negative affects of the people who suffer them. This study aimed to understand how the experiences of discrimination in the Roma and non-Roma communities living in poverty in Portugal impact on their positive and negative affects. A case–control study, with a sample of 114 participants (50% Roma community and 50% non-Roma), aged between 18 and 70 years (mean = 34.82; SD = 12.90) was performed. The instruments used were the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) and the Short Version of the Portuguese Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-VRP). It appears that there areS significant differences between the Roma community and non-Roma in discrimination with a higher value of discrimination in the Roma community (Roma: 2.77; non-Roma:1.30; p < .001), contrary to what happens in negative affect (Roma: 1.73; non-Roma: 2.39; p < .001). Regarding the reasons for discrimination, all self-declared Roma participants pointed to ethnicity as the main reason. In contrast, in the Non-Roma community, the reasons were more diverse, with socioeconomic status standing out. The results of the logistic regression show that Roma community have 88% lower probability to have high negative affect (p < 0.01; CI [0.04–0.40]. Discrimination has a significant impact on the positive and negative affects of Roma and non-Roma communities in poverty in Portugal, with effects on their psychosocial health, with the effect of discrimination being more prevalent in the Roma community. It is, therefore, essential to carry out longitudinal investigations in this context to explore these relationships over time and identify possible underlying mechanisms.
The New Health Educational Method of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience from Wuhan, China
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Ran Li , Chen Xuyu , Tan Xiaodong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) threatens people’s lives, and they pay more attention to health than ever before. Medical workers and other members of society need to have knowledge of responding to medical emergencies, as does the public. With the improvement of the public’s health literacy, we will have more chances to prevent the development of the pandemic. The fifth-generation Pavilion of Health Emergency Experience (Wuhan, China) provides a new health interactive platform. It introduces advanced technology to present how these events happen, how they evolve, and how they are handled. With a deep understanding of the construction and structure of pavilions in this field both at home and abroad, we will know our limitations and make efforts to innovate. Therefore, we should make full use of the advanced technology of public health to benefit the people. And the fifth-generation pavilion deserves to generalize in other areas.
On local Galois deformation rings: generalised tori
Authors: Paškūnas Vytautas , Quast Julian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study deformation theory of mod p Galois representations of p-adic fields with values in generalised tori, such as L-groups of (possibly non-split) tori. We show that the corresponding deformation rings are formally smooth over a group algebra of a finite abelian p-group. We compute their dimension and the set of irreducible components.
Authentic leadership: 20-Year review editorial
Authors: Lux Andrei A. , Lowe Kevin B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOur field has reached a critical juncture. Authentic leadership, which once promised to illuminate how leaders inspire and influence through genuine actions, has become mired in conceptual ambiguity and ideological bias. Much of the research is based on evaluations of behaviour conflated with antecedents and outcomes, presuming an oversimplified, positive view of authenticity. To advance, we must refocus on what authentic leaders actually do – their discrete behaviours – as signals of leadership. In this editorial, we redefine authentic leadership through signalling theory to address unresolved critiques and provide a platform for meaningful progress. We then summarise and synthesise the articles in this special issue, which systematically review the literature, present dynamic models of authenticity, introduce ‘bounded authenticity’ in leadership roles, advocate for rigorous experimental methods, and offer empirical support. Collectively, these papers advance authentic leadership theory with greater theoretical precision and a conceptual nuance that reflects the modern organisational leadership landscape.
First report of a dactylogyrid, Cichlidogyrus sclerosus Paperna & Thurston, 1969 (Monogenoidea) infecting Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) in the United States, with a review of host and locality records in its invasive range and a phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Brule J.H. , Warren M.B. , Bullard S.A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The parasites of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) are poorly documented in the United States despite the economic importance and global introduction of this African fish. Only one metazoan parasite (Gyrodactylus cichlidarum Paperna, 1968; Gyrodactylidae) reportedly infects Nile tilapia in the United States. Examining Nile tilapia from a flow-through aquaculture system hydrologically linked to Sougahatchee Creek (Tallapoosa River, Auburn, Alabama), we observed a gill infection by Cichlidogyrus sclerosus Paperna & Thurston, 1969 (Dactylogyridae). This monogenoid was originally described from the gill of Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) from Lake Victoria, Uganda. Specimens of C. sclerosus were studied for morphology and phylogenetic analyses using the 28S and ITS1. We identified our specimens as C. sclerosus because they had the following combination of morphological features: marginal hooks shorter than dorsal anchor length; anchor roots reduced; dorsal anchor point bent; dorsal bar pyriform projections approximately half as long as dorsal bar width; penis short (<100 μm), not coiled, tubular, lacking swelling, having irregularly surfaced heel; and accessory piece straight and bifid. Our 28S and ITS1 phylogenies recovered our C. sclerosus sequences in a clade with conspecific sequences and showed no obvious biogeographic pattern. Cichlidogyrus sclerosus reportedly infects 21 fishes of 11 genera and 3 families from 36 countries in Africa, Asia, North America, South America, and Europe. The study of Nile tilapia parasites, especially those exhibiting direct life cycles and low host specificity, is important because they comprise potential invasive species.
The paper famine: Newsprint, development, and the materialities of Third World media in the time of decolonisation
Authors: Roberts George 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores the global political economy of paper—particularly newsprint—during the era of decolonisation. It shows how Third World countries, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), and the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) understood newsprint as an infrastructural tool for accelerating development. However, a ‘paper famine’ in the mid-1970s exposed the major structural inequalities in the global newsprint trade, catalysing experiments to develop local paper manufacturing capacity in the Third World. The article demonstrates how debates about access to newsprint were tightly bound up with arguments about global information flows and the role of the press in the developing world. In so doing, the article argues that bringing global histories of commodities and communications into conversation enriches our understanding of the media by drawing attention to the material substance by which information circulates.
Cancer insurance pricing under different scenarios associated with diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Arık Ayşe , Cairns Andrew J. G. , Dodd Erengul , Macdonald Angus S. , Shao Adam , Streftaris George 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We consider pricing of a specialised critical illness and life insurance contract for breast cancer (BC) risk. We compare (a) an industry-based Markov model with (b) a recently developed semi-Markov model, which accounts for unobserved BC cases and progression through clinical stages of BC, and (c) an alternative Markov model derived from (b). All models are calibrated using population data in England and data from the medical literature. We show that the semi-Markov model aligns best with empirical evidence. We then consider net premiums of specialized life insurance products under various scenarios of cancer diagnosis and treatment. The results show strong dependence on the time spent with diagnosed or undiagnosed pre-metastatic BC. This proves to be significant for refining cancer survival estimates and accurately estimating related age dependence by cancer stage. In contrast, the industry-based model, by overlooking this critical factor, is more sensitive to the model assumptions, underscoring its limitations in cancer estimates.