bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Assessments of Altered Sensation after Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
Authors: Liang Tsung‐Jung , Wang Kuo‐Chiang , Liu Shiuh‐Inn , Chen I.‐Shu , Wang Nai‐Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransoral endoscopic thyroidectomy, a novel technique, uses oral vestibule as the entry point and leaves no scar on the body surface. However, because the incisions are close to the mental nerve, nerve damage and the associated sensory impairment are concerning. Herein, we evaluated sensory alteration after transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy and determined factors associated with the prolonged sensory alteration.MethodsPatients who underwent transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy were enrolled. Sensation over the lower lip, chin, and neck was evaluated before and after the surgery. A self‐assessment questionnaire, Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test, and two‐point discrimination test were used to subjectively and objectively evaluate sensory changes.ResultsFifty‐one patients were enrolled; most of them reported altered sensation, with chin (72.5%) being the most common site, followed by lower lip (52.9%), upper neck (33.3%), and lower neck (5.9%) on postoperative day 2. The sensory disturbance resolved within 3 months. Factors associated with prolonged sensory alteration are male sex and old age. Fourteen patients (27.5%) experienced mild drooling from the mouth, which was usually self‐limiting in 1 month. Sensory impairments in light touch pressure threshold and two‐point discrimination were significant in the chin and neck on postoperative day 2 and at 1 week. The ability to discern two‐point was also compromised in the lower lip on postoperative day 2. All these significant changes normalized to preoperative baseline at 1 month.ConclusionsThere was an altered sensation after transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy with the most common and disturbed in the chin. Sensory impairment was usually transient and recovered in 3 months.
Fairness in ambulance routing for post disaster management
Authors: Aringhieri Roberto , Bigharaz Sara , Duma Davide , Guastalla Alberto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDisaster management generally includes the post-disaster stage, which consists of the actions taken in response to the disaster damages. These actions include the employment of emergency plans and assigned resources to (i) rescue affected people immediately, (ii) deliver personnel, medical care and equipment to the disaster area, and (iii) aid to prevent the infrastructural and environmental losses. In the response phase, humanitarian logistics directly influence the efficiency of the relief operation. Ambulances routing problem is defined as employing the optimisation tools to manage the flow of ambulances for finding the best ambulance tours to transport the injured to hospitals. Researchers pointed out the importance of equity and fairness in humanitarian relief services: managing the operations of ambulances in the immediate aftermath of a disaster must be done impartially and efficiently to rescue affected people with different priority in accordance with the restrictions. Our research aim is to find the best ambulance tours to transport the patients during a disaster in relief operations while considering fairness and equity to deliver services to patients in balance. The problem is formulated as a new variant of the team orienteering problem with hierarchical objectives to address also the efficiency issue. Due to the limitation of solving the proposed model using a general-purpose solver, we propose a new hybrid algorithm based on a machine learning and neighbourhood search. Based on a new set of realistic benchmark instances, our quantitative analysis proves that our algorithm is capable to largely reduce the solution running time especially when the complexity of the problem increases. Further, a comparison between the fair solution and the system optimum solution is also provided.
3D Knitted Preforms Using Large Circular Weft Knitting Machines
Authors: Peiner Christoph , Löcken Henning , Reinsch Leon , Gries Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract3D-knits are typically produced on flat knitting or special circular knitting machines in a time-consuming process. The utilisation of a sewing-like pattern opens up the potential of a 10–50 times faster production on common large circular knitting machines as compared to conventional flat knitting machines. Since common large circular knitting machines are not designed for this technology, the limitations and the stability of process conditions have been rarely studied. To further proof the feasibility and increase technological maturity, agile product development is conducted. As a concept product, a sports bra with customised cups is developed and demonstrated, which is knitted in a single step in approx. 5 min using the sewing-like pattern on a large circular knitting machine. The agile process is utilised to build process knowledge, develop a methodology for product design and to defined a descriptive process terminology. In order to further accelerate and digitize the production process, an algorithm is developed and implemented to convert CAD-data into machine readable knitting structures. The paper presents the basics of the 3D-Knit one large circular knitting machines and a defined terminology. Furthermore, process knowledge is built up and from this a sequence of development steps is derived. The development of a 3D-knitted sports bra is presented as a proof of concept of the technology. Further, the first steps for digitalising the product development process are given. The results open up application possibilities in sportswear, upholstery and aerospace with increased productivity and hence cost reduction.
NoBLE for Lattice Trees and Lattice Animals
Authors: Fitzner Robert , van der Hofstad Remco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study lattice trees (LTs) and animals (LAs) on the nearest-neighbor lattice $${\mathbb {Z}}^d$$

Z

d

in high dimensions. We prove that LTs and LAs display mean-field behavior above dimension $$16$$

16

and $$17$$

17

, respectively. Such results have previously been obtained by Hara and Slade in sufficiently high dimensions. The dimension above which their results apply was not yet specified. We rely on the non-backtracking lace expansion (NoBLE) method that we have recently developed. The NoBLE makes use of an alternative lace expansion for LAs and LTs that perturbs around non-backtracking random walk rather than around simple random walk, leading to smaller corrections. The NoBLE method then provides a careful computational analysis that improves the dimension above which the result applies. Universality arguments predict that the upper critical dimension, above which our results apply, is equal to $$d_c=8$$

d
c

=
8

for both models, as is known for sufficiently spread-out models by the results of Hara and Slade mentioned earlier. The main ingredients in this paper are (a) a derivation of a non-backtracking lace expansion for the LT and LA two-point functions; (b) bounds on the non-backtracking lace-expansion coefficients, thus showing that our general NoBLE methodology can be applied; and (c) sharp numerical bounds on the coefficients. Our proof is complemented by a computer-assisted numerical analysis that verifies that the necessary bounds used in the NoBLE are satisfied.
The Role of Nonprofit–Private Collaboration for Nonprofits’ Organizational Resilience
Authors: Waerder Rebecca , Thimmel Simon , Englert Benedikt , Helmig Bernd 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrowing social, political, and economic uncertainties have shown that organizational resilience is becoming increasingly important for nonprofit organizations (NPOs). To ensure their long-term survival, NPOs need to respond to extreme events and adapt their services and processes. The theoretical premise of resource dependence theory assumes that interactions between an organization and its environment are crucial for the long-term adaptation to adversities. The present study investigates the contributions of nonprofit–private collaborations to organizational resilience of NPOs in light of the refugee crisis in Germany in 2015. Findings from a multiple holistic case study design indicate that collaborations of nonprofits with for-profit organizations support NPOs with stability, resources, expertise, and compassion to overcome resource-based, conceptual, and emotional challenges.
Monoclonal Antibodies in the Management of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Focus on PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 Inhibitors
Authors: Pirillo Angela , Catapano Alberico L. , Norata Giuseppe D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic disorder characterized by high plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) since birth and a high risk of premature cardiovascular disease. The genetic defect is carried in only one allele in heterozygous FH (HeFH) or in both in the most severe homozygous FH (HoFH). Current guidelines recommend to reduce substantially LDL-C levels in these high-risk patients, with the need to use association therapy combining agents with different mechanisms of action. As most cases of FH are attributable to mutations in the gene encoding the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), statins, even in combination with ezetimibe, are less effective in reducing LDL-C plasma levels in FH patients, who require a more intensive approach with additional lipid-lowering agents. Additional targets playing key roles in regulating LDL-C levels are represented by PCSK9 and ANGPTL3.Recent FindingsTwo monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting PCSK9, evolocumab and alirocumab, significantly reduce LDL-C levels in HeFH patients. In patients with HoFH, the efficacy of mAbs to PCSK9 is strictly related to the presence of a residual LDLR activity; thus, patients carrying null mutations do not respond to the therapy with these mAbs, whereas some effects can be appreciated in HoFH bearing defective mutations. Conversely, evinacumab, the mAb targeting ANGPTL3, is highly effective in reducing LDL-C levels even in HoFH patients carrying nullLDLRmutations, thanks to its LDLR-independent mechanism of action.SummaryMonoclonal antibodies inhibiting PCSK9 have shown a robust effect in FH patients presenting a residual LDLR activity, while ANGPTL3 inhibitors appear to be promising even in patients carrying nullLDLRmutations.
The Practice and Politics of Urban Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Efforts: The Case of Cairo
Authors: Dabaieh Marwa , Maguid Dalya , Abodeeb Rasha , Mahdy Deena El 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch on climate change mitigation and adaptation is pressing in order to understand its implications and risks in different urban areas. It is especially critical for those who face high degrees of urban inequality in the context of an uneven state presence. This paper is an explorative and investigative study which uses Cairo as a case. The focus of the study is on mapping state and private sector efforts in mitigating climate change issues, specifically for vulnerable groups who have limited access to public services. The study adopted an investigative approach where a literature search and bibliometric mapping were used to identify the gap in knowledge in the field of architecture and urban climate change mitigation and adaptation, followed by a field survey which included conducting interviews and questionnaires with different stakeholders from the public and private sector to investigate the link between the efforts for climate change mitigation. The explorative part of the study concluded that there is a huge knowledge gap in the Middle East and in Egypt when it comes to research efforts related to climate change with a focus on the built environment. The results of the investigative part of this study revealed that—apart from already limited efforts on ground—there is no synchronization in efforts between the public and private sector. Climate change issues are still not a priority when poverty, economy, and health are still a prime concern and take precedence over climate change. There is uneven presence of public efforts for climate change adaptation and mitigation. The efforts that do exist in the public sphere are self-help unorganized work (efforts) conducted by the civil society.
Eukarya biodiversity in the Thala Hills, East Antarctica
Authors: Lukashanets Dzmitry A. , Convey Peter , Borodin Oleg I. , Miamin Vladislav Ye. , Hihiniak Yury H. , Gaydashov Alexey A. , Yatsyna Aleksander P. , Vezhnavets Vasil V. , Maysak Natallia N. , Shendrik Tatyana V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the biodiversity of the Thala Hills oasis (Enderby Land, East Antarctica) is very limited. Here, we integrate all information available since 1962, when the Russian ‘Molodyozhnaya’ station was established in the western part of the oasis. The published data on local eukaryote diversity (lichens, embryophytes, metazoans) include records of 90 species. Since 2008, Belarusian Antarctic Expedition researchers have worked in the eastern part of the oasis, accessible from the Belarusian station ‘Vechernyaya Mount'. This research revealed 95 species, including 44 species not recorded in the earlier published literature. The level of available information is uneven across major taxa. Lichens are the better-known group, with 51 species recorded in total, including 13 species recently recorded for the first time in the oasis. New records were also obtained for rotifers. Thala Hills biodiversity is consistent with wider patterns of Antarctic biogeography, with a high proportion of regionally endemic species (especially metazoans), the occurrence of both endemic and bipolar species of lichens and generally low numbers of cosmopolitan species (largely limited to aquatic rotifers, with the caveat that up-to-date taxonomic studies are required). The lack of data on marine macrobenthos, soil nematodes and terrestrial rotifers emphasizes the need for studies focusing on these groups.
Quantifying Non‐Thermal Silicate Weathering Using Ge/Si and Si Isotopes in Rivers Draining the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, USA
Authors: Gaspard François , Opfergelt Sophie , Hirst Catherine , Hurwitz Shaul , McCleskey R. Blaine , Zahajská Petra , Conley Daniel J. , Delmelle Pierre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn active volcanic regions, high‐temperature chemical reactions in the hydrothermal system consume CO2 sourced from magma or from the deep crust, whereas reactions with silicates at shallow depths mainly consume atmospheric CO2. Numerous studies have quantified the load of dissolved solids in rivers that drain volcanic regions to determine chemical weathering rates and atmospheric CO2 consumption rates. However, the balance between thermal and non‐thermal components to riverine fluxes in these areas remains poorly constrained, hindering accurate estimates of atmospheric CO2 consumption rates. Here we use the Ge/Si ratio and the stable silicon isotopes (δ30Si) as tracers for quantifying non‐thermal silicon contributions in rivers draining the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, USA. The Ge/Si ratio (µmol.mol−1) was determined for seven thermal water samples (183 ± 22), eight rivers (35 ± 23) and six creeks flowing into Yellowstone Lake (5 ± 3) during base flow and during peak water discharge following snowmelt. The δ30Si value (‰) was determined for thermal waters (−0.09 ± 0.04), Yellowstone River at Yellowstone Lake outlet (1.91 ± 0.23) and creek samples (0.82 ± 0.29). The calculated atmospheric CO2 consumption associated with non‐thermal waters flowing through Yellowstone's rivers during peak discharge is ∼3.03 ton.km−2.yr−1, which is ∼2% of the annual mean atmospheric CO2 consumption in other volcanic regions. This study highlights the significance of quantifying seasonal variations in chemical weathering rates for improving estimates of atmospheric CO2 consumption rates in active volcanic regions.
Evaluation of Radiocarbon 14C Yield Under Conditions of Thunderstorms
Authors: Lyashuk V. I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe knowledge of radioactive 14C yield under atmospheric thunderstorm flash conditions (the additional channel of 14C production relative to the main cosmogenic one) is important for radiocarbon analysis. A gross model for evaluation of the thunderstorm 14C yield simulated for the altitudes up to 15 km is proposed. It was observed that yield from the thunderstorm mechanisms of 14C creation cannot compete with cosmogenic production which is six orders of value larger. The obtained result allows us to eliminate the problematic issue on thunderstorm radiocarbon generation in the atmosphere as the additional significant source.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Fractional Suspended Sediment Dynamics in Small Watersheds
Authors: Al‐Ghorani Nisreen G. , Hassan Marwan A. , Langendoen Eddy J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding suspended sediment dynamics and their driving factors is essential for effective watershed management. In this study, the spatiotemporal patterns of suspended sediment were identified for 11 sub‐watersheds of the Goodwin Creek, Mississippi, USA, for the period 1982–2002 using wavelet transforms. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) results of streamflow time series showed that a near‐continuous annual periodicity influenced all stations over the study period, yet an overall decline occurred in wavelet spectral power of sediment load during the 1990s. This decline in sediment load is a result of the indirect effect of decreased cultivation on reducing the rate of peak flow and thus fluvial erosion processes. The CWTs of fine sediment (clays and silts) concentration (FSC) time series showed that factors other than land‐use (e.g., ponds, ephemeral gullies, and bed composition) better explain the variations in FSC. A comparison of CWTs of FSC at two stations with different bed composition in their channels showed that sandy channels are less responsive to erosion control measures compared to gravely channels indicating that they are major sources of sediment. A change in phase relationship between flow and FSC for the gravel‐dominated channel was associated with the transition in upland land‐use indicating a change in sediment supply mechanisms. The CWTs of sand concentrations reflected the spatiotemporal impact of bank materials, the growth cycle of riparian vegetation, and in‐channel sand availability on sand dynamics. While CWT‐based analysis is sensitive to input conditions, the method is able to provide valuable outcomes for distinguishing patterns in complex temporal datasets.
Exploiting rotational asymmetry for sub-50 nm mechanical nanocalligraphy
Authors: Farmakidis Nikolaos , Swett Jacob L. , Youngblood Nathan , Li Xuan , Evangeli Charalambos , Aggarwal Samarth , Mol Jan A. , Bhaskaran Harish 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNanofabrication has experienced extraordinary progress in the area of lithography-led processes over the last decades, although versatile and adaptable techniques addressing a wide spectrum of materials are still nascent. Scanning probe lithography (SPL) offers the capability to readily pattern sub-100 nm structures on many surfaces; however, the technique does not scale to dense and multi-lengthscale structures. Here, we demonstrate a technique, which we term nanocalligraphy scanning probe lithography (nc-SPL), that overcomes these limitations. Nc-SPL employs an asymmetric tip and exploits its rotational asymmetry to generate structures spanning the micron to nanometer lengthscales through real-time linewidth tuning. Using specialized tip geometries and by precisely controlling the patterning direction, we demonstrate sub-50 nm patterns while simultaneously improving on throughput, tip longevity, and reliability compared to conventional SPL. We further show that nc-SPL can be employed in both positive and negative tone patterning modes, in contrast to conventional SPL. This underlines the potential of this technique for processing sensitive surfaces such as 2D materials, which are prone to tip-induced shear or beam-induced damage.
Emerging roles of the Hedgehog signalling pathway in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Xie Zhuo , Zhang Mudan , Zhou Gaoshi , Lin Lihui , Han Jing , Wang Ying , Li Li , He Yao , Zeng Zhirong , Chen Minhu , Zhang Shenghong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway plays a critical role in the growth and patterning during embryonic development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. Emerging data indicate that Hh signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current therapeutic treatments for IBD require optimisation, and novel effective drugs are warranted. Targeting the Hh signalling pathway may pave the way for successful IBD treatment. In this review, we introduce the molecular mechanisms underlying the Hh signalling pathway and its role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Then, we present interactions between the Hh signalling and other pathways involved in IBD and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), such as the Wnt and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Furthermore, we summarise the latest research on Hh signalling associated with the occurrence and progression of IBD and CAC. Finally, we discuss the future directions for research on the role of Hh signalling in IBD pathogenesis and provide viewpoints on novel treatment options for IBD by targeting Hh signalling. An in-depth understanding of the complex role of Hh signalling in IBD pathogenesis will contribute to the development of new effective therapies for IBD patients.
SARS-CoV-2 exploits host DGAT and ADRP for efficient replication
Authors: Yuan Shuofeng , Yan Bingpeng , Cao Jianli , Ye Zi-Wei , Liang Ronghui , Tang Kaiming , Luo Cuiting , Cai Jianpiao , Chu Hin , Chung Tom Wai-Hing , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , Jin Dong-Yan , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is predominantly a respiratory tract infection that significantly rewires the host metabolism. Here, we monitored a cohort of COVID-19 patients’ plasma lipidome over the disease course and identified triacylglycerol (TG) as the dominant lipid class present in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced metabolic dysregulation. In particular, we pinpointed the lipid droplet (LD)-formation enzyme diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and the LD stabilizer adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP) to be essential host factors for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Mechanistically, viral nucleo capsid protein drives DGAT1/2 gene expression to facilitate LD formation and associates with ADRP on the LD surface to complete the viral replication cycle. DGAT gene depletion reduces SARS-CoV-2 protein synthesis without compromising viral genome replication/transcription. Importantly, a cheap and orally available DGAT inhibitor, xanthohumol, was found to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication and the associated pulmonary inflammation in a hamster model. Our findings not only uncovered the mechanistic role of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein to exploit LDs-oriented network for heightened metabolic demand, but also the potential to target the LDs-synthetase DGAT and LDs-stabilizer ADRP for COVID-19 treatment.