bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Extent of Task Specificity for Visual and Tactile Sequences in the Auditory Cortex of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Authors: Zimmermann M. , Mostowski P. , Rutkowski P. , Tomaszewski P. , Krzysztofiak P. , Jednoróg K. , Marchewka A. , Szwed M. 
Published: October 2021

It has been proposed that the auditory cortex in the deaf humans might undergo task-specific reorganization. However, evidence remains scarce as previous experiments used only two very specific tasks (temporal processing and face perception) in visual modality. Here, congenitally deaf/hard of hearing and hearing women and men were enrolled in an fMRI experiment as we sought to fill this evidence gap in two ways. First, we compared activation evoked by a temporal processing task performed in two different modalities, visual and tactile. Second, we contrasted this task with a perceptually similar task that focuses on the spatial dimension. Additional control conditions consisted of passive stimulus observation. In line with the task specificity hypothesis, the auditory cortex in the deaf was activated by temporal processing in both visual and tactile modalities. This effect was selective for temporal processing relative to spatial discrimination. However, spatial processing also led to significant auditory cortex recruitment which, unlike temporal processing, occurred even during passive stimulus observation. We conclude that auditory cortex recruitment in the deaf and hard of hearing might involve interplay between task-selective and pluripotential mechanisms of cross-modal reorganization. Our results open several avenues for the investigation of the full complexity of the cross-modal plasticity phenomenon.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrevious studies suggested that the auditory cortex in the deaf may change input modality (sound to vision) while keeping its function (e.g., rhythm processing). We investigated this hypothesis by asking deaf or hard of hearing and hearing adults to discriminate between temporally and spatially complex sequences in visual and tactile modalities. The results show that such function-specific brain reorganization, as has previously been demonstrated in the visual modality, also occurs for tactile processing. On the other hand, they also show that for some stimuli (spatial) the auditory cortex activates automatically, which is suggestive of a take-over by a different kind of cognitive function. The observed differences in processing of sequences might thus result from an interplay of task-specific and pluripotent plasticity.
Amyloidogenic Processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein Drives Stretch-Induced Disruption of Axonal Transport in hiPSC-Derived Neurons
Authors: Chaves Rodrigo S. , Tran My , Holder Andrew R. , Balcer Alexandra M. , Dickey Andrea M. , Roberts Elizabeth A. , Bober Brian G. , Gutierrez Edgar , Head Brian P. , Groisman Alex , Goldstein Lawrence S.B. , Almenar-Queralt Angels , Shah Sameer B. 
Published: October 2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in disrupted brain function following impact from an external force and is a risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although neurologic symptoms triggered by mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), the most common form of TBI, typically resolve rapidly, even an isolated mTBI event can increase the risk to develop AD. Aberrant accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ), a cleaved fragment of amyloid precursor protein (APP), is a key pathologic outcome designating the progression of AD following mTBI and has also been linked to impaired axonal transport. However, relationships among mTBI, amyloidogenesis, and axonal transport remain unclear, in part because of the dearth of human models to study the neuronal response following mTBI. Here, we implemented a custom-microfabricated device to deform neurons derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells, derived from a cognitively unimpaired male individual, to mimic the mild stretch experienced by neurons during mTBI. Although no cell lethality or cytoskeletal disruptions were observed, mild stretch was sufficient to stimulate rapid amyloidogenic processing of APP. This processing led to abrupt cessation of APP axonal transport and progressive formation of aberrant axonal accumulations that contained APP, its processing machinery, and amyloidogenic fragments. Consistent with this sequence of events, stretch-induced defects were abrogated by reducing amyloidogenesis either pharmacologically or genetically. In sum, we have uncovered a novel and manipulable stretch-induced amyloidogenic pathway directly responsible for APP axonal transport dysregulation. Our findings may help to understand and ultimately mitigate the risk of developing AD following mTBI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMild traumatic brain injury is a risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increased amyloid β peptide generation after injury may drive this risk. Here, by using a custom-built device to impose mild stretch to human neurons, we found that stretch triggers amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage, and thus amyloid β peptide generation, consequently disrupting APP axonal transport. Compellingly, protecting APP from cleavage was sufficient to spare axonal transport dysregulation and the consequent aberrant axonal accumulation of APP. Supporting such protective mechanism, the expression of the AD-protective APPA673Tgenetic variant conferred protection against stretch-induced APP axonal transport phenotypes. Our data reveal potential subcellular pathways contributing to the development of AD-associated phenotypes following mild traumatic brain injury, and putative strategies for intervening in these pathways.
La praxis de la CDF sobre la dispensa de las obligaciones clericales: El n. 157 del «Vademécum»
Authors: Bertomeu Jordi 
Published: October 2021

El n. 157 del reciente Vademécum ha puesto en evidencia la praxis consolidada de la CDF de ofrecer al reo de la posibilidad de solicitar la dispensa de las obligaciones clericales, incluido el celibato.
No obstante las objeciones de cierta doctrina canónica acerca de la presunta vulneración del principio iustitiam restituere, esta praxis es expresión de la originalidad del ordenamiento canónico. Aunque interrumpe las diligencias investigativas o el proceso en curso sin que se llegue a una conclusión del mismo acerca de la culpabilidad o no del imputado, la tramitación ante el Santo Padre de esta gracia es legítima a causa de la tutela de diversos bienes jurídicos en los delicta graviora desde la prevalencia del principio del bonum commune en la Iglesia.
Pandemi Sürecinde Aktif Görev Alan Sağlık Çalışanlarının COVID-19 Algısı ve Çocukları ile İletişimi: Görünenin Art Alanına Yönelik Nitel Bir İnceleme
Authors: BATU Mikail , KALAMAN Sefer , TOS Onur , SUBAŞI Hilal 
Published: October 2021

Küresel olarak büyük bir etkiye sahip pandemiler, sosyal hayatın yanında, iş rutinlerinin de değişmesine yol açmaktadır. Günümüzde yaşanan COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde sağlık çalışanlarının da iş rutinleri değişmekte ve bu değişim özel hayatlarını etkileyebilmektedir. Özellikle çocuklu ailelerde ebeveynlerin pandemi algısı ve onu çocuklarına anlatma şekli, çocuklarının hastalığı anlamasına ve önlem almasına ilişkin büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, aktif görev alan sağlık çalışanlarının pandemi sürecine ilişkin algıları ve bu süreç içerisinde çocuklarıyla iletişim şekil ve tarzları üzerine bir inceleme yapılmıştır. Sağlık eğitimi almış, altı-on sekiz yaş arası en az bir çocuğun ebeveyni olan ve aktif olarak bir sağlık kuruluşunda görev yapan otuz gönüllü amaçlı örnekleme kapsamında araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Katılımcılarla fenomenoloji deseni kapsamında derinlemesine mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Saha araştırması verileri, sağlık profesyonellerinin COVID-19 hastalığının biyolojik silahlar, küresel ekonomik sistemler ve vahşi hayvanlar ile ilişkili olduğunu düşündüklerini göstermektedir. Ayrıca araştırma, pandemi sırasında sağlık çalışanlarının çocuklarıyla ağırlıklı olarak diyaloga dayalı, empatik, onaylayıcı, kapsayıcı ve doğrudan iletişim biçimini kullandıklarını ortaya koymaktadır.
Reproducing the Spatial Characteristics of High-Frequency Ground Motions for the 1850M 7.5 Xichang Earthquake
Authors: Li Zongchao , Sun Jize , Fang Lihua , Chen Xueliang , Gao Mengtan , Luo Quanbo , Wang Guochen , Ding Qingfeng , Ma Jian , Li Qi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReproducing the spatial characteristics of large historical earthquakes and predicting the strong ground motions of future destructive large earthquakes through actual small earthquakes have high-practical value. The empirical Green’s function method is a numerical simulation method that can impart real seismic information in synthetic ground motions. In this article, we use data from the 2018 M 5.1 Xichang earthquake to reproduce the ground-motion characteristics of the 1850 M 7.5 Xichang earthquake using the empirical Green’s function method. The uncertainties of the parameters, such as the number, area, and locations of asperities, are considered. The synthetic time histories, peak ground accelerations (PGAs), and response spectra are obtained through simulation. The main results are as follows. (1) The synthetic Xichang earthquake (such as the ground-motion intensity and attenuation characteristic of the PGA) matches well with the M 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and M 7.3 Jiji earthquake. When the number of asperities is 1 or 2, the PGA characteristics of the Xichang earthquake match well not only with the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 (2014) ground-motion model in the range of 100 km but also with the seismic ground-motion parameter zonation map of China in the range of 20–100 km. (2) The prediction results based on the asperity source model are relatively reliable in the range of 20–100 km. The one-asperity and two-asperity models of the Xichang earthquake match better than the three-asperity and four-asperity models. (3) We can speculate that when the M 7.5 earthquake struck the Xichang area, the damage was relatively strong. The PGA may have exceeded 1.0g in the meizoseismal area, and the seismic intensity in the meizoseismal area may have reached or exceeded a degree of X–XI. Therefore, the synthesized M 7.5 Xichang earthquake has the strength characteristics of a large destructive earthquake.
Seismic Location of the 4 August 2020 Beirut Port Chemical Explosion
Authors: Ghalib Hafidh A. A. , Kraft Gordon , Alchalbi Abdulmutaleb , Wagner Robert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
On 4 August 2020 Lebanon’s capital, Beirut, was rocked by a sequence of colocated fires and chemical explosions that left hundreds of people dead, thousands injured and homeless, demolished the city’s seaport, and heavily damaged the surrounding neighborhoods and businesses. The event was well recorded by many regional seismic stations in and around the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Using a network of 58 stations, 105 regional seismic phases, and a Bayesian methodology places the event at 1.8 km south of the ground-truth location, the seaport warehouse. Achieving this accuracy is significant, considering very limited local seismic data were available to use in this study. The location bias is attributed, in large part, to a small but statistically significant difference in the Moho velocity for sea paths compared with continental paths. The depth to the Moho is generally consistent with the iasp91 model. Concurrent to the port explosion is a series of unrelated small explosions, 11 s apart, attributed to a seismic survey that was being carried out at the time in the eastern Mediterranean Sea using air guns.
Role of cefuroxime as antibiotic prophylaxis for general surgery: An expert opinion
Authors: Trailokya Abhijit , Sastry G Laxmana , Nandi Mrinmay , Mukhopadhyay Mrityunjoy , Dumbre Ramesh , Bhattacharjee Sanjoy , Sukumar Gabriel , Pawar Roshan 
Published: October 2021

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are serious postoperative complications reported globally, which lead to perioperative antibiotics use during routine practice in surgical procedures. Selection of appropriate antibiotic/s for prophylaxis is a vital step in the management and care of invasive surgical procedures. This expert opinion review was developed based on expert discussion and literature search on scientific databases with special emphasis on cefuroxime in surgical prophylaxis for general surgeries. Cephalosporins are globally considered to be the drugs of choice for surgical prophylaxis in general surgeries owing to good safety, bactericidal activity, penetration to critical tissues, and proven efficacy in clinical trials. Cefuroxime, a 2nd generation cephalosporin, is an effective, safe and low-cost antibiotic for surgical prophylaxis in general surgeries, in particular for patients who need sequential antibiotic therapy. Cefuroxime can be administered alone or in combination with other classes of antibiotics based on clinical characteristics of individual patients and surgeon’s discretion to reduce the risk of postoperative SSIs, abscess, septicemia, and microbial growth.Cefuroxime can be administered alone or in combination with other classes of antibiotics based on clinical characteristics of individual patients and surgeon’s discretion to reduce the risk of postoperative SSIs, abscess, septicemia, and microbial growth.
Combination of topical liposomal amphotericin B and Glucantime in comparison with glucantime alone for the treatment of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by Leishmania tropica: study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Eskandari Seyed Ebrahim , Khamesipour Ali , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza , Javadi Amir , Mohammadi Akram Miramin , Keshavarz Valian Hossein , Nassiri-Kashani Mansour , Mashayekhi G oyonlo Vahid , Firooz Alireza 
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) treatment is a challenging issue, although numerous modalities have been introduced as candidate treatment for CL yet only antimonial agents are commonly used to treat CL, a different form of amphotericin B is used to treat visceral form of leishmaniasis but the efficacy against CL is not high. There are a few reliable clinical trials on CL, the main reason is the nature of the disease which required a well design protocol to evaluate the efficacy of any candidate treatment against CL. In this study, a protocol was developed and used to evaluate a topical formulation of a nano-liposomal form of amphotericin B in addition to glucantime to treat CL caused by L. tropica.
Materials and Methods: This study is a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical nano-liposomal amphotericin B (SinaAmpholeish 0.4%) in combination with intralesional injections of meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of ACL caused by L. tropica. Overall, 130 patients, aged 12-60 years, with a diag- nosis of ACL caused by L. tropica are recruited and treated according to the protocol.
Results: A total of 130 patients with CL lesion will be recruited and double- blind randomly treated with received intralesional injections of Glucantime weekly or Glucantime plus SinaAmpholeish for 4 weeks.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the protocol works well and the treatment was tolerated by both groups of patients.
THE CONCEPT OF IMÂM IN SHIA IMAMIYYAH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan , Zayadi Ahmad , Ulama’i Ahmad Hasan Asy’ari 
Published: October 2021

Khilâfah and imâmah are two terms which are sometimes interpreted equally, that is referring to the meaning of leadership. The term of khilâfah is more widely known to be used to the leadership’s term in the Sunni, whereas imâmah is more widely used in the Shiites world of Islam. This article was a literature research that discusses the concept of imâmah in the perspective of Shia Imamiyyah. The analysis technique in this study uses content analysis. The purpose of this article is to describe the political developments among the Shiites that culminate in the concept of imâmah as can be witnessed in Iran until now. The results show that wilâyah al-faqîh which was founded by Imam Khomeini after the Islamic Revolution of Iran has been a form of Islamic government led by a fair and capable faqîh in guiding the ummah. The faqîh leadership model still exists in the Islamic Republic of Iran as a form of a mixture of democracy and religious views. So it can be said that wilâyah al-faqîh was a pilot that politics and religion can be unitedin guiding mankind.
[Khilâfah dan imâmah adalah dua istilah yang terkadang dimaknai sama, yaitu merujuk pada makna kepemimpinan. Istilah khilâfah lebih dikenal luas digunakan untuk istilah kepemimpinan di Sunni, sedangkan istilah imâmah lebih banyak digunakan di dunia Islam Syiah. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian literatur yang membahas tentang konsep imâmah dalam perspektif Syiah Imamiyah. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis isi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perkembangan politik di kalangan Syiah yang berujung pada konsep imâmah seperti yang dapat disaksikan hingga saat ini di Iran. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa wilâyah al-faqîh yang didirikan oleh Imam Khomeini pasca Revolusi Islam Iran merupakan bentuk pemerintahan Islam yang dipimpin oleh seorang faqîh yang adil dan cakap dalam membimbing umat. Model kepemimpinan faqîh masih ada di Republik Islam Iran sebagai bentuk campuran antara demokrasi dan pandangan agama, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa wilâyah al-faqîh merupakan percontohan bahwa politik dan agama dapat dipersatukan dalam membimbing umat manusia]
FROM THE PALACE PENDOPO TO THE PESANTREN ROOMS
Authors: Ihsani Aufannuha 
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the dynamics of the relation between the sentana (aristocrats) and kèaè (ulama) in Sumenep during the colonial period. The topic is chosen because almost all research put the aristocrats and the ulama in Madura as historically opposed parties. The main question of the article is that how the relationship started and how far it had manifested until the early days of the independence. Collecting data from babad, manuscript, official reports from the colonial government and some informants who are the descendants of the aristocrats, this research applies a social-cultural approach to explain why their close relation with the kèaè have allowed the aristocrats to maintain their dignity in society. The result shows that the close relation between sentana and kèaè originated from the figure of Bindara Saod. Although it had been tenuous because the palace customs have made the aristocrats exclusive, the relationship between sentana and kèaè did not really break. A marriage between the Sultan Abdurrahman’s granddaughter and a kèaè in the mid-19th century tightened the relationship, descending a generation of ulama with royal blood and manifested in a pesantren (Islamic boarding school) in which the palace customs have been kept alive and survived until postcolonial era.
[Artikel ini membicarakan dinamika hubungan yang terjalin antara kalangan sentana (bangsawan) dan kèaè (kiai) di Sumenep selama masa kolonial. Topik ini dipilih sebab hampir semua penelitian menempatkan bangsawan dan kiai di Madura sebagai pihak yang bertentangan secara historis. Pertanyaan utama dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana hubungan itu bermula dan sejauh mana ia terejawantahkan hingga masa-masa awal kemerdekaan. Mengambil data dari babad, manuskrip, laporan-laporan resmi pemerintah kolonial, dan para informan yang merupakan keturunan kaum ningrat, penelitian ini akan menggunakan pendekatan sosio-kultural untuk menjelaskan mengapa kedekatan dengan kèaè membuat para bangsawan dapat menjaga muruah mereka di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedekatan antara kèaè dan sentana bermula dari sosok Bindara Saod. Kendati sempat merenggang sebab adat keraton mengeksklusifkan kalangan ningrat, jalinan sentana dan kèaè tidak benar-benar putus. Sebuah pernikahan antara cucu Sultan Abdurrahman dan seorang kèaè pada pertengahan abad ke-19 M. mempererat kembali hubungan itu, menurunkan generasi para kiai berdarah biru, dan mewujud dalam sebuah pesantren di mana adat dan budaya keraton tetap hidup dan bertahan hingga era pascakolonial]
THE CULTURAL NEGOTIATION OF BEING SHIA AND MADURESE
Authors: Sair Abdus , Elanda Yelly 
Published: October 2021

The life of the Sampang Shia community in the refugee camps remains regretful. They are considered a heretical sect by the Indonesian Council of Religious Scholars (MUI), expelled and face complex social problems. Various policies have been attempted, but have not had an impact. This article aims at explaining the reasons for the emergence of discrimination and expulsion of the Sampang Shia community and how they negotiated as a hated Shia minority as well as a “good” Madurese community. Can they be reconciled? This article was written based on field research using a qualitative method with a narrative approach. The data were obtained by conducting in-depth interviews with leaders or figures as well as Shia refugees in the refugee camps. This article shows that the Shia community of Sampang was expelled because of a deviant discourse produced by the MUI. Meanwhile, their negotiation as Shia they hate is to remain a good Madurese; obey the kiai, continue to speak Madurese, continue to work as a cultural spirit, and continue to live life while looking for a cultural way back.
[Kehidupan masyarakat Syiah Sampang di kamp pengungsian tetap disesalkan. Mereka dianggap aliran sesat oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), diusir dan menghadapi masalah sosial yang kompleks. Berbagai kebijakan telah diupayakan, namun belum berdampak. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan alasan munculnya diskriminasi dan pengusiran komunitas Syiah Sampang dan bagaimana mereka bernegosiasi sebagai minoritas Syiah yang dibenci sekaligus komunitas Madura yang “baik”. Bisakah mereka berdamai? Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan naratif. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam dengan tokoh atau tokoh serta pengungsi Syiah di tempat pengungsian. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa komunitas Syiah Sampang diusir karena wacana menyimpang yang dihasilkan oleh MUI. Sedangkan negosiasi mereka sebagai Syiah yang mereka benci adalah tetap menjadi orang Madura yang baik; taat pada kiai, terus berbahasa Madura, terus berkarya sebagai spirit budaya, dan terus menjalani kehidupan sambil mencari jalan kebudayaan untuk kembali]