bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune implication of an autophagy-related prognostic signature in uveal melanoma
Authors: Chuah Samuel , Chew Valerie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Uveal Melanoma (UM) is a rare cancer deriving from melanocytes within the uvea. It has a high rate of metastasis, especially to the liver, and a poor prognosis thereafter. Autophagy, an intracellular programmed digestive process, has been associated with the development and progression of cancers, with controversial pro- and anti-tumour roles. Although previous studies have been conducted on autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in various cancer types, its role in UM requires a deeper understanding for improved diagnosis and development of novel therapeutics. In the present study, Zheng et al. used univariate Cox regression followed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression to identify a robust 9-ARG signature prognostic of survival in a total of 230 patients with UM. The authors used the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) UM cohort as a training cohort (n=80) to identify the signature and validated it in another four independent cohorts of 150 UM patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository (GSE22138, GSE27831, GSE44295 and GSE84976). This 9-ARG signature was also significantly associated with the enrichment of cancer hallmarks, including angiogenesis, IL6-KJAK-STAT3 signalling, reactive oxygen species pathway and oxidative phosphorylation. More importantly, this signature is associated with immune-related functional pathways and immune cell infiltration. Thus, this 9-ARG signature predicts prognosis and provides deeper insights into the immune mechanisms in UM, with potential implications for future immunotherapy.
The Genetics of Uveal Melanoma: Overview and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Riechardt Aline Isabel , Kilic Emine , Joussen Antonia M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver the last ten years, much has been learnt about the genetic characteristics and genetic evolution of uveal melanoma. It has been shown that uveal melanoma differs fundamentally from non-uveal melanoma and is an independent genetic subtype. Compared to other tumours, uveal melanoma has a low mutational burden. There are recurring chromosomal aberrations with losses of 1p, 6q, 8p and 16q, gains of 6p and 8q, and the presence of monosomy 3. GNAQ, GNA11, PLCB4, CYSLTR2, MAPKAPK5, as well as mutations in BAP1, SF3B1, SRSF2 and EIF1AX, the latter being linked to a higher risk of metastasis, have been identified as significantly mutated genes. In rare cases, a BAP1 germline mutation may also be present. In addition to higher risk of uveal melanoma, this variant is also linked with other tumours. In this case, additional work-up, genetic counselling and screening of family members should be offered. While
the knowledge about the genetic characteristics of uveal melanoma is already routinely used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, targeted genotype-dependent therapy of uveal melanoma is currently still missing.
Impfbereitschaft mit einem COVID-19-Vakzin und Einflussfaktoren.
Ergebnisse einer telefonischen Bevölkerungsbefragung
Authors: Haug Sonja , Schnell Rainer , Weber Karsten 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Studie untersucht die Impfbereitschaft mit einem COVID-19-Vakzin
an einer Zufallsstichprobe der Gesamtbevölkerung und deren Determinanten
(wahrgenommene Risiken einer Erkrankung, wahrgenommene Nebenwirkungen und
allgemeine Einstellung zu Impfungen, Vertrauen in Institutionen,
soziostrukturelle Faktoren, Einfluss sozialer Bezugsgruppen).
Methodik Telefonische Ein-Themen-Bevölkerungsbefragung zur
Impfbereitschaft (n=2014) vor der Zulassung eines COVID-19-Vakzins in
Deutschland im November/Dezember 2020.
Ergebnisse Die Impfbereitschaft liegt bei etwa 67% und steigt mit
dem Anteil der impfbereiten Freunde und Bekannten und dem Vertrauen
gegenüber dem Robert-Koch-Institut, bei Zugehörigkeit zu einer
Risikogruppe und der Erwartung gefährlicher Konsequenzen bei einer
Erkrankung. Erfahrungen mit einer Infektion bei den Befragten oder in ihrer
sozialen Bezugsgruppe erhöhen die Impfbereitschaft. Männer haben
eine erhöhte Impfbereitschaft. Bei höherem Schulbildungsniveau
zeigt sich (mit Ausnahme der Personen mit Fachhochschulreife)
durchgängig eine höhere Impfneigung. Eine
Überschätzung der Wahrscheinlichkeit ernsthafter Nebenwirkungen
bei Grippeimpfungen senkt die Impfbereitschaft gegen COVID-19. Auffällig
ist der Befund einer erheblichen Überschätzung der
Häufigkeit von ernsthaften Impfnebenwirkungen bei
Influenza-Impfungen.
Schlussfolgerungen Es werden Implikationen für eine
zielgruppenadäquate Informationskampagne und Risikokommunikation
abgeleitet. Bestrebungen zur Förderung der Impfbereitschaft der
Bevölkerung sollten insbesondere benachteiligte
Bevölkerungsgruppen in den Fokus nehmen.
One-Pot Synthesis of 4H-Pyrano[3,2-c]coumarin Derivatives Catalyzed by Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Xie Zongbo , Le Zhanggao , Li Hongxia , Yang Jiangnan , Zhu Xiao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract4H-Pyrano[3,2-c]coumarin derivatives are an important class of pharmaceutical compounds that are expensive to prepare by previously reported methods. An efficient and green method was developed to obtain these derivatives using the deep eutectic solvent (DES) zinc chloride/acetamide (n:n = 1:4), which acted as both the catalyst and the solvent for the reaction. An aromatic aldehyde, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and cyanoacetate were used as the substrates. The DES, substrate molar ratio, diluent type, temperature, and reaction time were optimized to obtain the 4H-pyrano[3,2-c]coumarin derivatives from a range of aromatic aldehydes in a single step in moderate to high yields and under mild reaction conditions.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-3-carbonitriles Catalyzed by Phase-Transfer Catalyst Derived from tert-Leucine
Authors: Duan Haifeng , Lin Yingjie , Zhao Zhiqi , Wang Jingdong , Wei Zhonglin , Cao Jungang , Liang Dapeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChiral phase-transfer catalysts derived from tert-leucine were synthesized and used in the asymmetric synthesis of 4-azaindoline derivatives. By this method, both enantiomers of the corresponding products were obtained in excellent yield (up to 99%) with high enantio­selectivities (up to 91% ee) and diastereoselectivities (up to >99: 1 dr).
Asymmetric Synthesis of P-Stereogenic Secondary Phosphine ­Oxides (SPOs)
Authors: Glueck David S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractP-Stereogenic secondary phosphine oxides [SPOs, RR′P(O)H], valuable ligands for metal complexes in asymmetric catalysis, are also building blocks for other chiral phosphorus derivatives. This short review summarizes methods used for asymmetric synthesis of P-stereogenic SPOs.1	Introduction2	Configurational Stability of P-Stereogenic SPOs3	Classical Resolution, HPLC Separation, and Dynamic Resolution4	Synthesis via Chiral Auxiliaries5	Kinetic Resolution6	Conclusions and Outlook
α-Cationic Phosphines: from Curiosities to Powerful Ancillary Ligands
Authors: Alcarazo Manuel , Rugen Christian J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe distinguishing feature of α-cationic phosphines is the presence of at least one substituent, normally (hetero)cyclic and positively charged, which is directly attached to the phosphorus atom. As result from this unique substitution pattern, the thus designed ligands depict significantly diminished donor properties if compared with their neutral counterparts. Thus, if in a hypothetical catalytic cycle, the step that determines the rate is facilitated by an increase of the electrophilicity at the metal center; then, the use of α-cationic ancillary phosphines can be highly beneficial. This fact, combined with their easy syntheses and stability, which allows an easy handling, make α-cationic phosphines a useful tool for the synthetic practitioner. Our research on the topic demonstrates that generally a remarkable ligand acceleration effect is observed when α-cationic phosphines are employed in Au(I)- and Pt(II)-promoted cycloisomerizations; moreover, in some cases even otherwise not operative transformations can be promoted. This Account describes how we entered into the topic, our efforts, and those of others to understand the coordination behavior of α-cationic phosphines and further develop their range of applications in catalysis; but it also identifies the drawbacks associated with their use, which limit their range of application.1	Introduction2	Polycationic Phosphines: Stronger Acceptors than Phosphites3	Inconveniences Derived from the Use of (Poly)cationic phosphines4	A Second Generation of Cationic Ligands: α-Pyridiniophosphines5	Chiral α-Cationic Phosphines6	α-Radical Phosphines and (Poly)cationic Phosphine Oxides7	Conclusions and Outlook
Thumb Injuries and Instabilities. Part 1: Anatomy, Kinesiology, and Imaging Techniques of the Thumb
Authors: Blum Alain G. , van Holsbeeck Marnix T. , Bianchi Stefano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe unique anatomical characteristics of the thumb offer a broad range of motion and the ability to oppose thumb and finger, an essential function for grasping. The motor function of the thumb and its orientation make it particularly vulnerable to trauma. Pathologic lesions encountered in this joint are varied, and imaging techniques play a crucial role in injury detection and characterization. Despite advances in diagnostic accuracy, acute thumb injuries pose a challenge for the radiologist. The complex and delicate anatomy requires meticulous and technically flawless image acquisition. Standard radiography and ultrasonography are currently the most frequently used imaging techniques. Computed tomography is most often indicated for complex fractures and dislocations, and magnetic resonance imaging may be useful in equivocal cases. In this article, we present the relevant anatomy and imaging techniques of the thumb.
Osteoarthritis of the Wrist: Pathology, Radiology, and Treatment
Authors: Grunz Jan-Peter , Gietzen Carsten Herbert , Christopoulos Georgios , van Schoonhoven Jörg , Goehtz Florian , Schmitt Rainer , Hesse Nina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that can manifest in any synovial joint under certain conditions. It leads to destruction of articular cartilage and adjacent bone, as well as formation of osteophytes at the edges of afflicted joint surfaces. Regarding the wrist, typical degenerative arthritis affects particular joints at a specific patient age, due to asymmetric load distribution and repetitive microtrauma. However, in the presence of instability or systemic diseases, early-onset degeneration can also impair the range of motion and grip strength in younger patients. Although advanced stages of OA display characteristic signs in radiography, the detection of early manifestations frequently requires computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (in some cases with additional arthrography). If a wrist becomes unstable, timely diagnosis and precise treatment are essential to prevent rapid disease progression. Therefore, close collaboration between radiologists and hand surgeons is obligatory to preserve the carpal function of patients.
Postoperative Imaging of Ulnar Wrist Pain
Authors: Cerezal Luis , Llopis Eva , Canga Ana , Piñal Francisco Del 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUlnar wrist pain, caused by a broad spectrum of bone and soft tissue injuries, is the most common clinical condition of the wrist. Multiple surgical techniques and their variants in the treatment of these injuries are constantly evolving. Postoperative evaluation of the wrist for many surgeons is limited to serial clinical and radiographic monitoring. However, imaging methods such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and arthrographic techniques (arthrographic CT and arthrographic MRI) play a fundamental role in diagnosing and managing postsurgical complications.The several critical aspects in evaluating the postsurgical wrist imaging spectrum are familiarity with the surgical techniques, knowledge of the original clinical problem, understanding the strength and limitations of the different radiologic modalities, and effective communication between surgeon and radiologist.
Complications of Percutaneous Biliary Procedures
Authors: Molina Heather , Chan Maye M. , Lewandowski Robert J. , Gabr Ahmed , Riaz Ahsun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPercutaneous biliary and gallbladder drainage is routinely performed by interventional radiology. These pathologies and techniques are well described in the literature and in this issue. The purpose of this review is to focus on the recognition and management of complications. Percutaneous biliary drains can have a variety of complications which can range from minor skin issues to more serious and complex bleeding issues. Advancements in imaging and techniques improve the safety profile of percutaneous biliary and gallbladder interventions.
Effect of Surgical Design Variations on the Knee Contact Behavior during Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Adouni Malek , Faisal Tanvir , Dhaher Yasin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to develop an in-silico synthesis of the effect of critical surgical design parameters on articular contact behavior for a bone-patellar-tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) surgery. A previously developed finite element model of the knee joint consisting of all relevant soft tissues was employed. The knee model was further updated with additional features to develop the parametric FE model of the biomechanical experiments that depicted the ACL-R surgery. The parametricity was created involving femoral tunnel architecture (orientations and locations) and graft fixation characteristics (pretension and angle of fixation). A global sensitivity analysis based on variance decomposition was used to investigate the contribution of the surgical parameters to the uncertainty in response to the ACL-R joint. Our examinations indicated that the total contact force was primarily influenced by either combined or individual action of the graft pretension and fixation angle, with a modest contribution of the graft insertion sites. The joint contact center and area were affected mainly by the angle of fixation and the tunnel placements. Graft pretension played the dominant role in the maximum contact pressure variability, an observation that has been well-documented in the literature. Interestingly, the joint contact behavior was almost insensitive to the tunnel's coronal and sagittal orientations. Our data provide an evaluation of how the surgical parameters affect the knee joint's contact behavior after ACL-R and may provide additional information to better explain the occurrence of osteoarthritis as an aftermath of such surgery.
Complications of Pregnancy in Adolescents
Authors: Todhunter Logan , Hogan-Roy Megan , Pressman Eva K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTeenage pregnancy is a complex issue that can have negative socioeconomic and health outcomes. About 11% of births worldwide are by adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years and middle- and low-income countries account for more than 90% of these births. Despite the downward trend in international adolescent pregnancy rates, 10 million unplanned adolescent pregnancies occur annually. Adolescents are also at increase risks of poor obstetric outcomes including preterm delivery, low birth weight, eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, anemia, and infant, as well as maternal morbidity. Important additional considerations include increased risk of depression, poor social support, and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to their obstetric care. We look to highlight both the unique socioeconomic and medical factors to consider when caring for these patients and demonstrate that these factors are intertwined.
Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sah Pratha , Fitzpatrick Meagan C. , Zimmer Charlotte F. , Abdollahi Elaheh , Juden-Kelly Lyndon , Moghadas Seyed M. , Singer Burton H. , Galvani Alison P. 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceAsymptomatic infections have been widely reported for COVID-19. However, many studies do not distinguish between the presymptomatic stage and truly asymptomatic infections. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 literature reporting laboratory-confirmed infections to determine the burden of asymptomatic infections and removed index cases from our calculations to avoid conflation. By analyzing over 350 papers, we estimated that more than one-third of infections are truly asymptomatic. We found evidence of greater asymptomaticity in children compared with the elderly, and lower asymptomaticity among cases with comorbidities compared to cases with no underlying medical conditions. Greater asymptomaticity at younger ages suggests that heightened vigilance is needed among these individuals, to prevent spillover into the broader community.
Final report on supplementary comparison on step heights standards (APMP.L-S7)
Authors: Sharma Rina , Moona Girija , Tonmueanwai Anusorn , Buajarern Jariya , Shihua Wang , Matus Michael , Doi Takuma , Sugawara Kentaro 
Published: August 2021

Main text
This intercomparison is carried out for step height standards with nominal step sizes 8 nm, 18 nm, 88 nm and 10 µm using non-contact measurement methods, with four participating NMIs. Measurement observation from the pilot laboratory exhibit significant stability of step height standards. For each step height standard, the supplementary comparison reference value (SCRV) is determined using weighted mean, followed by calculation of En values for outlier identification. Further the outliers were excluded based upon the Birge Ratio consistency test. Measurement results from all the participating NIMs have been compiled in this report.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Photoionization of a quantum grating formed by a single atom
Authors: Zhang S F , Najjari B , Ma X 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
When an atom passes through a macroscopic diffraction grating its wave function acquires a regular space structure and its collision by another particle can be thought of as scattering, of the latter, on a grating composed of a single atom (hereafter termed as ‘quantum-grating’). Photoionization of such a ‘quantum grating’ unveils interference features and in particular a striking difference in the photoelectron and recoil ion spectra which no longer ‘mirroring’ each other as in the case of photoionization of atoms or molecules. We show that complete information about the macroscopic diffraction grating is directly contained in the recoil ion spectra while only partly exhibited in the spectra of the electron.
Effect of NaOH molarities to the microstructure and sodium storage performance of the Sn-MOF derived SnO2 microporous rod
Authors: Lu XiaoXiao , Xiong QinQin , Yao ZhuJun , Qiu JieQiong , Xu YuanKang , Shan RuiHao , He XinTong , Cai YuRong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated a facile method to prepare a novel SnO2 microporous rod with various microstructures by controlling NaOH molarities in precursor synthesis processes. Four different molarities of NaOH solution (0.005 M, 0.048 M, 0.12 M and 0.5 M) were used together with o-phthalic acid in Sn-MOF synthesis to determine the effect of ligand [o-C6H4

CO

2

2

2
−

] concentration on microstructure evolution. It was found that increasing NaOH molarity can effectively decrease the size of Sn-MOF rods. Then, the SnO2 microporous rods were obtained by calcinating the as-prepared Sn-MOF as microstructures. Under an optimized experimental condition (NaOH molarity of 0.12 M), the SnO2 rods shows a modest initial coulombic efficiency of 61.3% with a high reversible sodium storage capacity of 503 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 50 mA g−1. Moreover, an impressive reversible sodium storage capacity of 206 mAh g−1 can be obtained at long-term cycling performance (800 cycles at current density of 2 A g−1). Effects of morphologies to electrochemical performances have been further discussed in aspects of intrinsic resistance, pseudocapacitive contribution, surface area and porous structure and microstructural stability, and the enhanced electrochemical performance could be attributed to factors of enhanced pseudocapacitive charge contribution, optimized microstructures, and structural stability, which ensure the SnO2−0.12 M to have a good rate performance and cyclability. This nanoscale-engineering method adopted here could be a promising path to fabricate SnO2-based anodes with novel microstructures for sodium storage applications.
High-temperature superconducting screens for magnetic field-error cancellation in accelerator magnets
Authors: Bortot L , Mentink M , Petrone C , Van Nugteren J , Deferne G , Koettig T , Kirby G , Pentella M , Perez J C , Pincot F O , De Rijk G , Russenschuck S , Verweij A P , Schöps S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Accelerators magnets must have minimal magnetic field imperfections to reduce particle-beam instabilities. In the case of coils made of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes, the magnetization due to persistent currents adds an undesired field contribution, potentially degrading the magnetic field quality. In this paper we study the use of superconducting screens based on HTS tapes for reducing the magnetic field imperfections in accelerator magnets. The screens exploit the magnetization by persistent currents to cancel out the magnetic field error. The screens are aligned with the main field component, such that only the undesired field components are compensated. The screens are self-regulating, and do not require any externally applied source of energy. Measurements in liquid nitrogen at

77

K

show for dipole-field configurations a significant reduction of the magnetic field error up to a factor of four. The residual error is explained via numerical simulations accounting for the geometric defects in the HTS screens, achieving satisfactory agreement with experimental results. Simulations show that if screens are increased in width and thickness, and operated at

4.5

K

, field errors may be eliminated almost entirely for the typical excitation cycles of accelerator magnets.