bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelación y simulación basada en agentes en ciencias sociales: una aproximación al estado del arte
Authors: Vélez Torres Álvaro 
Published: April 2021

La modelación y la simulación con agentes es una tercera vía de hacer ciencia, y su potencial no radica en la predicción, sino en la comprensión de procesos fundamentales de fenómenos complejos. ¿De qué forma la modelación y simulación computacional basada en agentes puede ayudar en ciencias sociales a estudiar fenómenos complejos? El supuesto es que permite estudiar mediante sociedades artificiales la emergencia de fenómenos, y establecer vínculos entre los supuestos teóricos y los hechos empíricos. Además, los modelos basados en agentes permiten estudiar comportamientos emergentes a nivel macro a partir de estudiar comportamientos micro –bottom up-. Al respecto, este documento tiene el objetivo de construir un inicial estado del arte en este tema. Los retos y problemas pendientes se ubican en la validación empírica, en este sentido la estimación estadística y el modelado acompañado son los principales enfoques.
La construccion del cuerpo del SIDA y sus estigmas
Authors: Obando Cid Augusto Claudio , Vásquez Palma Olga Angélica 
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se asume que el cuerpo excluido y sufriente es construido por la estructura social en connivencia con el sujeto y los colectivos que la componen. Aquellos que sufren no logran incluirse en el modelo impuesto, su ser es preso por una construcción cultural que lo limita. En Chile a partir del golpe militar de 1973, se posicionó al estado y sus agentes, como una estructura todopoderosa destinada a buscar y aniquilar al enemigo interno, para ello se necesitó caracterizarlo física, social y politicamente. La normalidad, los estereotipos y el estigma fueron más claros que nunca. En la década de los 80, en la etapa de consolidación del modelo político-económico neoliberal, en medio de la cimentación de una imagen país pulcra y exitosa, se inicia la construcción de un particular sujeto de peligro asociado a una pandemia mundial, que denominaremos el cuerpo del SIDA. Este se suma a los cuerpos objeto de sufrimiento y exclusión existentes en el país; trasciende al enemigo interno terrorista, su aparición fue posicionada inmediatamente en el márgen de la sociedad, trajo consigo una generación de discursos y prácticas opresivas, adicionales a las que ya había, las cuales son necesarias develar y situar historicamente.El presente texto indaga y da cuenta del momento inicial de la construccion del cuerpo del SIDA y sus estigmas, situado en la década de los 80, a través de la revision de la prensa escrita, entre julio- agosto de 1984, cuando aparece el primer caso en Chile de SIDA.El texto propone explorar la relación entre regímenes de visibilidad en los cuerpos en el contexto social, evidenciados en los medios de comunicación y sustentado en el discurso biomédico, exhibidos para aterrorizar y por tanto para justificar su destrucción. Es un primer intento de describir el mercado del estigma y los alcances de la gestión del cuerpo terrorista en el contexto del capitalismo en clave neoliberal (biocapitalismo). Con ello se pretende evidenciar la situación cotidiana de la violencia contra los cuerpos estigmatizados, negados e invisibilizados, expuestos solo para que la sociedad, la masa dominada, conozca el terror de unirse a ellos, esos cuerpos terroristas que traen inscrito en su sola existencia el terror y por ello se justifica su aniquilación.
Persepsi mahasiswa muslim mengenai hubungan sains dan agama di Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor
Authors: Mujahidin Endin , Martanegara Irfan Habibie , Saefuddin Didin , Syafrin Nirwan 
Published: April 2021

<p class="15bIsiAbstractBInggris">This article aims to map perceptions of the relationship between science and religion among students at Ibn Khaldun University, Bogor and to look at the demographic factors that influence these perceptions. This research is a quantitative study using a questionnaire. This study found that in the typology of pro-religious conflict, almost all students were at a high level. For harmonic typology, about two-thirds of students were at a high level, and the remaining third was at a moderate level. For the independent typology and pro-science conflict, the majority of students were at the moderate level. In an Islamic campus environment where respondents can be said to be uniform, there is no significant difference in perceptions based on the education taken, the origin of education, and gender.</p><br /><p class="16aJudulAbstrak"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p class="16bIsiAbstrak">Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memetakan persepsi hubungan antara sains dan agama pada mahasiswa di Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor serta melihat faktor-faktor demografis yang mempengaruhi persepsi tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pada tipologi konflik pro-agama, hampir seluruh mahasiswa berada pada tingkat tinggi. Untuk tipologi harmonis, sekitar dua pertiga mahasiswa berada pada tingkat tinggi, sepertiga sisanya berada pada tingkat sedang. Untuk tipologi independen dan konflik pro-sains, mayoritas mahasiswa berada pada tingkat sedang. Pada lingkungan kampus Islam di mana responden dapat dikatakan seragam, tidak ada perbedaan persepsi yang signifikan berdasarkan pendidikan yang ditempuh, asal pendidikan, serta jenis kelamin.</p>
Hubungan Lama Hemodialisis dengan Fungsi Kognitif yang Diukur Menggunakan Metode Trail Making Test A dan B
Authors: Rafika Naziratur , Armelia Linda 
Published: April 2021

Latar Belakang: Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) telah menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat global di seluruh dunia, sehingga perlu dilakukan hemodialisis (HD) yang merupakan terapi paling banyak dilakukan. Angka kejadian yang tinggi dari gangguan kognitif dan demensia telah banyak dilaporkan pada berbagai penelitian. Prevalensi terjadinya penurunan fungsi kognitif meningkat yaitu sebesar 30% sampai 70% pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lamanya hemodialisis dengan fungsi kognitif yang diukur menggunakan metode Trail Making Test A and B di RS. Anna Medika Bekasi. Metode: Merupakan penelitian cross sectional, dengan sampel penelitian adalah 156 penderita PGK yang sedang menjalani HD di Rumah Sakit Anna Medika Bekasi, namun hanya 73 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Subjek diwawancarai dan mengisi kuisioner Trail Making Test A and B. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: Dari tes Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) diperoleh hasil yang mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif sebanyak 40 orang (54.8%) dan sebanyak 33 orang (45.2%) normal. Sedangkan pada TMT-B, hanya 9 orang (12.3%) yang mengalami penurunan dan 64 orang (87.7%) normal. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lama hemodialisis dengan fungsi kognitif pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis, dengan nilai p 0,297 pada TMT-A dan nilai p sebesar 0,220 pada TMT-B. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lama hemodialisis dengan fungsi kognitif pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis menggunakan metode Trail Making Test A and B.
Studi Etika Bisnis Berdasarkan Alkitab
Authors: Chia Philip Suciadi , Juanda Juanda 
Published: April 2021

Business ethics is part of special ethics (applied), which initially developed in the United States, where it highlights various moral aspects of human behavior that have professions in business and management.
Studying business ethics can help people who are in the business world to be able to formulate and apply ethical principles in the economics and business world among each other. It is expected that ethical principles can help determining the right attitude in dealing with conflicts (both interests and conscience) that arise when doing business.
Of course, the Bible will be a foundation (reference) in formulating ethical principles in business. Thus, this paper limits business ethics that only based on biblical truth, so that it does not open a space for business ethics based on the secular world.
In addition, the writer will discuss the relationship between ethics and business, definition, various presuppositions in doing business, some examples of violations of business ethics and closed for the purpose of Bible-based business ethics.
Abstrak Indonesia
Etika bisnis merupakan bagian dari etika khusus (terapan), yang pada awalnya berkembang di Amerika Serikat, di mana menyoroti pelbagai segi moral perilaku manusia yang mempunyai profesi di bidang bisnis dan manajemen.
Mempelajari etika bisnis dapat membantu mereka yang menggeluti dunia bisnis untuk dapat merumuskan serta menerapkan prinsip-prinsip etika dibidang ekonomi maupun dunia bisnis antar sesama. Prinsip-prinsip etika ini pun diharapkan dapat menolong dalam menentukan sikap yang benar dalam menghadapi konflik-konflik (baik kepentingan maupun hati nurani) yang timbul tatkala berbisnis.
Tentu saja Alkitab akan menjadi landasan (acuan) dalam merumuskan prinsip-prinsip etika dalam berbisnis. Dengan demikian, tulisan ini membatasi etika bisnis hanya berdasarkan dari kebenaran Alkitab, sehingga tidak membuka ruang bagi etika bisnis menurut dunia sekuler.
Di samping itu, penulis akan membahas mengenai kaitan antara etika dengan bisnis, definisi, berbagai presuposisi dalam berbisnis, beberapa contoh pelanggaran akan etika bisnis dan ditutup dengan tujuan etika bisnis yang berdasarkan Alkitab.
Sulfatase 2-Induced Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Induction of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Wang Cong , Shang Chuzhi , Gai Xiaohong , Song Tao , Han Shaoshan , Liu Qingguang , Zheng Xin 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSulfatase 2 (SULF2) removes the 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) and consequently alters the binding sites for various signaling molecules. Here, we elucidated the role of SULF2 in the differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment and the mechanism underlying CAF-mediated HCC growth.MethodsThe clinical relevance of SULF2 and CAFs was examined usingin silicoand immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. Functional studies were performed to evaluate the role of SULF2 in the differentiation of HSCs into CAFs and elucidate the mechanism underlying CAF-mediated HCC growth. Mechanistic studies were performed using the chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Thein vitrofindings were verified using the nude HCC xenograft mouse model.ResultsThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and IHC analyses revealed that the expression of CAF markers, which was positively correlated with that of SULF2 in the HCC tissues, predicted unfavorable postsurgical outcomes. Co-culturing HSCs with HCC cells expressing SULF2 promoted CAF differentiation. Additionally, CAFs repressed HCC cell apoptosis by activating the SDF-1/CXCR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Meanwhile, SULF2-induced CAFs promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells by modulating the SDF-1/CXCR4/OIP5-AS1/miR-153-3p/SNAI1 axis. Studies using HCC xenograft mouse models demonstrated that OIP5-AS1 induced EMT by upregulating SNAI1 and promoted HCC growthin vivo.ConclusionThese data indicated that SULF2 secreted by the HCC cells induced the differentiation of HSCs into CAFs through the TGFβ1/SMAD3 signaling pathway. SULF2-induced CAFs attenuated HCC apoptosis by activating the SDF-1/CXCR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and induced EMT through the SDF-1/CXCR4/OIP5-AS1/miR-153-3p/SNAI1 axis. This study revealed a novel mechanism involved in the crosstalk between HCC cells and CAFs in the tumor microenvironment, which can aid in the development of novel and efficient therapeutic strategies for primary liver cancer.
Comorbidities and Age Are Associated With Persistent COVID-19 PCR Positivity
Authors: Aldhaeefi Mohammed , Tahir Zabreen , Cote David J. , Izzy Saef , El Khoury Joseph 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesThe impact of demographics and comorbidities on the duration of COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab PCR positivity remains unclear. The objective of our analysis is to determine the impact of age, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, comorbidities, and ethnicity on the duration of COVID-19 PCR positivity among hospitalized patients in a large group of hospital.MethodWe studied 530 patients from a large hospital system and time to SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA PCR negativity at any-time during hospitalization or following discharge from the hospital was the primary endpoint. We included patients 18 years or older who tested positive for COVID-19 during an inpatient, outpatient, or emergency room visit between February 1, 2020, and April 14, 2020.ResultsOverall, 315 (59.4%) of our patient population continued to have a positive SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA PCR 4 weeks after the initial positive test. We found that age&gt;70 years, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, or coronary artery disease are associated with persistent PCR positivity for more than 4 weeks after initial diagnosis.ConclusionAge, and the presence of co-morbidities should be taken into consideration when interpreting a positive COVID PCR test.
Cardiac Energetics Before, During, and After Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients Using 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Macnaught Gillian , Oikonomidou Olga , Rodgers Christopher T. , Clarke William , Cooper Annette , McVicars Heather , Hayward Larry , Mirsadraee Saeed , Semple Scott , Denvir Martin A. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To explore the utility of phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) in identifying anthracycline-induced cardiac toxicity in patients with breast cancer.Methods: Twenty patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy had cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and 31P MRS to determine myocardial Phosphocreatine/Adenosine Triphosphate Ratio (PCr/ATP) at three time points: pre-, mid-, and end-chemotherapy. Plasma high sensitivity cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) tests and electrocardiograms were also performed at these same time points.Results: Phosphocreatine/Adenosine Triphosphate did not change significantly between pre- and mid-chemo (2.16 ± 0.46 vs. 2.00 ± 0.56, p = 0.80) and pre- and end-chemo (2.16 ± 0.46 vs. 2.17 ± 0.86, p = 0.99). Mean LVEF reduced significantly by 5.1% between pre- and end-chemo (61.4 ± 4.4 vs. 56.3 ± 8.1 %, p = 0.02). Change in PCr/ATP ratios from pre- to end-chemo correlated inversely with changes in LVEF over the same period (r = −0.65, p = 0.006). Plasma cTn-I increased progressively during chemotherapy from pre- to mid-chemo (1.35 ± 0.81 to 4.40 ± 2.64 ng/L; p = 0.01) and from mid- to end-chemo (4.40 ± 2.64 to 18.33 ± 13.23 ng/L; p = 0.001).Conclusions: In this small cohort pilot study, we did not observe a clear change in mean PCr/ATP values during chemotherapy despite evidence of increased plasma cardiac biomarkers and reduced LVEF. Future similar studies should be adequately powered to take account of patient drop-out and variable changes in PCr/ATP and could include T1 and T2 mapping.
Socio-Economic and Demographic Correlates of Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Adults in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled , Keetile Mpho 
Published: April 2021

Background: Over the past two decades, Saudi Arabia has made significant improvements in its population's health standards. These improvements have been coupled with an increase in risk factors related to non-communicable diseases (NCD) and a dramatic shift in the burden of disease profile. This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the socio-economic and demographic correlates of NCD risk factors among adults in Saudi Arabia.Methods: The data used for this study is secondary data derived from the Saudi Health Interview Survey (SHIS) conducted in 2013. The SHIS used a cross-sectional survey design to derive a multistage representative sample of adults to estimate the prevalence of NCD risk factors. Risk factors considered for analyses in this study were; current tobacco use, low fruit and vegetable consumption, low physical activity, overweight/obesity and hypertension. The survey covered all regions in Saudi Arabia using probability proportional to size measures. A total of 10,735 adults aged 15 years and above completed the survey questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the socio-economic and demographic correlates of NCD risk factors among adults in Saudi Arabia.Results: The prevalence of NCD risk factors were as follows: current tobacco use, 12.1%; low fruit and vegetable consumption, 87%; low physical activity, 94.9%; overweight/obesity 65.1%; and hypertension, 37.5%. The multivariate analysis results indicate that significant correlates of overweight/obesity and hypertension were being female, a government employee, income level, and education levels. On the other hand, current tobacco use and low fruit and vegetable consumption were generally associated with age, self-employment and being a student. For lifestyle factors, overweight/obesity was high among individuals who reported low fruit and vegetable consumption, while hypertension was high among current tobacco users and overweight/obese adults. All comparisons were statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05.Conclusions: This study's findings indicate a high prevalence of chronic NCD risk factors in Saudi Arabia's adult population. This study implied that there is a need for a reduction in life-damaging behaviors among the adults through the adoption of healthy lifestyles such as physical activity and nutritious diets. Moreover, a reduction in the prevalence of chronic NCD risk factors among different socio-economic groups in Saudi Arabia through healthy lifestyles will have far-reaching results.
Cognitive Enhancers in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists for Cognitive Deficits and Negative Symptoms
Authors: Recio-Barbero María , Segarra Rafael , Zabala Arantzazu , González-Fraile Eduardo , González-Pinto Ana , Ballesteros Javier 
Published: April 2021

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe and enduring disease and is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Cognitive impairment is a core clinical symptom that plays a crucial role in functional outcomes and prognosis, thus making it a relevant treatment target. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists (α7 nAChR) as adjunctive treatment to enhance cognition and ameliorate negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.Methods: A search strategy was developed for MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to May 2019. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared antipsychotic treatment plus α7 nAChR agonists with antipsychotic treatment plus placebo and determined their effects on the main cognitive domains proposed by the MATRICS initiative and on negative symptoms. Two authors independently reviewed study eligibility and data extraction and assessed the risk of bias of the studies included. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, we used a random-effects model and assessed the quality of the evidence.Results: Thirteen studies were included in the quantitative analysis. No differences were found in any of the cognitive domains assessed in four RCTs (n = 414). In contrast, nine RCTs (n = 978) presented a small effect in support of α7 nAChR agonists for negative symptoms [standardized mean difference −0.28, 95% CI (−0.56 to −0.00); P = 0.05], even though the confidence to support this evidence is low according to the GRADE system.Conclusions: Current evidence is too weak to consider α7 nAChR agonists as an effective add-on treatment to antipsychotics to enhance cognition and negative symptoms.
Long-Term Recidivism of Mentally Disordered Offenders Considered “Dangerous to the Public” in Switzerland
Authors: Schaffner Daniela , Weber Michael , Kochuparackal Tanya , Graf Marc , Hachtel Henning 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:The commissions for risk assessment of offenders dangerous to the public were established in 1995 in Switzerland. The main goal was to reduce recidivism of offenders released into the community by means of identifying high-risk offenders and recommending measures for offender management. This study investigates long-term recidivism data of this high-risk cohort of offenders.Methods:Baseline data included risk assessment of one of the commissions, the type of index offense, and psychiatric disorders according to ICD-10 for the total cohort of offenders examined by the commissions between 1995 and 2009. Criminal records were drawn in 2019 for all offenders from the Swiss Federal Office of Justice.Results:From a total of 147 offenders 35 recidivated within a median time at risk of 9.1 years (31.8%), of which 10 (9.1%) recommitted a severe offense. Within the treatment status, sentences (imprisonment and preventive detention) were compared to court-ordered measures (in- or outpatient court ordered treatment, civil court mandated treatment, vocational training facility). There were no significant differences comparing treatment status, different diagnostic groups, type of index offense and other risk factors. Except of age at release (or relapse), which predicted recidivism with younger subjects showing higher recidivism rates (p= 0.014).Conclusion:Our study showed that over a long-term time at risk this high-risk cohort showed a similar recidivism rate as many other studies with different cohorts. With appropriate management recidivism rates in high-risk offenders can be lowered allowing them being consecutively reintegrated into society. The finding that younger subjects have higher recidivism rate was reproduced in this population.