bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyto/myeloarchitectural changes of cortical gray matter and superficial white matter in early neurodevelopment: Multimodal MRI study of preterm neonates
Authors: Yuan Shiyu , Liu Mengting , Kim Sharon , Yang Jingda , Barkovich Anthony James , Xu Duan , Kim Hosung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe developing cerebral cortex undergoes rapid microstructural and morphological changes throughout the third trimester. Recently, increased attention has been focused on the identification of imaging features that represent the underlying cortical cyto/myeloarchitecture driving intracortical myelination and the maturation of cortical gray matter (GM) and its adjacent superficial white matter (sWM). However, the characterization and spatiotemporal pattern of complex cyto/myeloarchitectural changes in this critical time period remain incompletely understood. Using 92 MRI scans from 78 preterm neonates (baseline: n□=□78, postmenstrual age=33.1±1.8 weeks; follow-up: n=14, 37.3±1.3), the current study leveraged combined T1/T2 intensity ratio and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), to characterize the cyto/myeloarchitectural architecture of cortical GM and its adjacent sWM in preterm neonates. DTI metrics during these weeks showed an overall linear developmental trajectory: FA decreased along with time in GM but increased in sWM; MD decreased in both GM and sWM. In contrast, T1/T2 measurements showed a distinctive parabolic developmental trajectory, revealing additional cyto/myeloarchitectural signature inferred. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal courses of T1/T2 ratio and DTI parameters were found to be regionally heterogeneous across the cerebral cortex, suggesting these imaging features’ specific relationship to regional cyto/myeloarchitectural maturation: faster T1/T2 ratio changes were found in the central, ventral, and temporal regions of GM and sWM, faster FA increases in anterior sWM areas, and faster MD decreases in GM and sWM central and cingulate areas. Taken together, our results may offer an explanation of the novel pattern of cyto/myeloarchitectural processes observed throughout the third trimester, including dendritic arborization, synaptogenesis, glial proliferation, as well as radial glial cell organization and apoptosis. Finally, T1/T2 ratio and DTI measurements were significantly associated with 1 year outcome scores of language and cognitive performance as well as perinatal clinical conditions, including intraventricular hemorrhage and chronic lung disease, demonstrating their potential as imaging biomarkers characterizing microstructural deviation in atypical neurodevelopment. Ultimately, with combined properties of cortical T1/T2 and DTI measurements, this study provides unique insights into the cellular processes and associated developmental mechanisms during the critical development of the third trimester.
Characterizing Locus Specific Chromatin Structure and Dynamics with Correlative Conventional and Super Resolution imaging in living cells
Authors: Mehra Dushyant , Adhikari Santosh , Banerjee Chiranjib , Puchner Elias M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dynamic rearrangement of chromatin is critical for gene regulation, but mapping both the spatial organization of chromatin and its dynamics remains a challenge. Many structural conformations are too small to be resolved via conventional fluorescence microscopy and the long acquisition time of super-resolution PALM imaging precludes the structural characterization of chromatin below the optical diffraction limit in living cells due to chromatin motion. Here we develop a correlative conventional fluorescence and PALM imaging approach to quantitatively map time-averaged chromatin structure and dynamics below the optical diffraction limit in living cells. By assigning localizations to a locus as it moves, we reliably discriminate between bound and searching dCas9 molecules, whose mobility overlap. Our approach accounts for changes in DNA mobility and relates local chromatin motion to larger scale domain movement. In our experimental system, we show that compacted telomeres have a higher density of bound dCas9 molecules, but the relative motion of those molecules is more restricted than in less compacted telomeres. Correlative conventional and PALM imaging therefore improves the ability to analyze the mobility and time-averaged nanoscopic structural features of locus specific chromatin with single molecule precision and yields unprecedented insights across length and time scales.
A framework for addressing construction labour turnover in New Zealand
Authors: Ayodele Olabode Adekunle , Chang-Richards Yan , González Vicente A. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify critical factors that affect labour turnover in the New Zealand construction sector and develop a framework for addressing this issue.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-method approach was adopted. A questionnaire survey combined with interviews was used to capture the personal experiences and views of 157 construction workers regarding labour turnover.FindingsThe statistical analysis revealed that level of pay, employment relationships, employee welfare, opportunities for career development, commuting distance to work and domestic relationships were the top five factors considered as primary determinants leading to the turnover decisions of most of those surveyed. Factor analysis further categorised the critical factors in three categories, namely, (1) nature of the job, (2) employee satisfaction and (3) employer commitment to staff retention and development.Practical implicationsWhile high labour turnover rates take a toll on many construction businesses, the findings from this research will hopefully provide guidance on areas of improvement to create a sustainable construction workforce at both organisational and sectoral levels.Originality/valueAlthough the study is New Zealand-focused, it increases understanding of the factors affecting labour turnover in the construction sector, and the framework developed will provide construction organisations with directions in workforce retention and development to reduce the effects of labour turnover on organisational performance.
ANP model for evaluating the performance of adaptive façade systems in complex commercial buildings
Authors: Yitmen Ibrahim , Al-Musaed Amjad , Yücelgazi Fikri 
Published: March 2021

PurposeDecisions taken during the early design of adaptive façades involving kinetic, active and responsive envelope for complex commercial buildings have a substantial effect on inclusive building functioning and the comfort level of inhabitants. This study aims to present the application of an analytic network process (ANP) model indicating the order of priority for high performance criteria that must be taken into account in the assessment of the performance of adaptive façade systems for complex commercial buildings.Design/methodology/approachThe nominal group technique (NGT) stimulating and refining group judgments are used to find and categorize relevant high performance attributes of the adaptive façade systems and their relative pair-wise significance scores. An ANP model is applied to prioritize these high performance objectives and criteria for the adaptive façade systems.FindingsEmbodied energy and CO2 emission, sustainability, energy saving, daylight and operation maintenance were as the most likely and crucial high performance criteria. The criteria and the weights presented in this study could be used as guidelines for evaluating the performance of adaptive façade systems for commercial buildings in planning and design phases.Practical implicationsThis research primarily provides the required actions and evaluations for design managers in accomplishing a high performance adaptive façade system, with the support of an ANP method. Before beginning the adaptive façade system of a building design process, the design manager must determine the significance of each of these attributes as high performance primacies will affect the results all through the entire design process.Originality/valueIn this research, a relatively innovative, systematic and practical approach is proposed to sustain the decision-making procedure for evaluation of the high performance criteria of adaptive façade systems in complex commercial buildings.
A qualitative study on the experiences and challenges of MBA students' engagement with a business research methods module
Authors: Nzekwe-Excel Chinny 
Published: March 2021

PurposeUndertaking research as part of a business degree qualification undoubtedly enables students to develop practical and life-long skills. Nevertheless, students seem to find it challenging undertaking a research project. This study set out to explore the experiences of a group of MBA students who recently undertook their business and management research projects as part of their MBA degree program.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out in a UK higher education institution and is based on an MBA business and management research module. The purpose of the module is to enable learners to develop advanced-level independent research and critical problem-solving skills within a business context. The study adopted a qualitative approach to capture a broad mix of students' experiences and perceptions on the module. The sample includes previous MBA students on different cohorts and different nationalities.FindingsOutcomes of the study show that though students are stretched in the business and management project process they develop a diversity of skills required in the workplace while conducting their projects. The study findings also show that the practical implications of the students' projects and progressive support from their project supervisors contribute to the successful completion of their projects and subsequent attainment of their MBA degree.Originality/valueOutcomes of this study further reveal that undertaking business and management projects creates a rewarding learning experience for learners/students, develops confident graduates as well as enables effective applications of theory into practice.
Digital analysis of a form
Authors: Oksas André 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to show how a sociological description – a swarm analysis of the Nazi dictatorship – initially made with the means borrowed from George Spencer-Brown’s Calculus of Indications, can be transformed into a digital circuit and with which methods and tools of digital mathematics this digital circuit can be analyzed and described in its behavior. Thus, the paper also aims to contribute to a better understanding of Chapter 11 of “Laws of Form.”

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis uses methods of automata theory for finite, deterministic automata. Basic set operations of digital mathematics and special set operations of the Boolean Differential Calculus are used to calculate digital circuits. The software used is based on ternary logic, in which the binary Boolean logic of the elements {0, 1} is extended by the third element “Don’t care” to {0, 1, −}.

Findings
The paper confirms the method of transforming a form into a digital circuit derived from the comparative functional and structural analysis of the Modulator from Chapter 11 of “Laws of Form” and defines general rules for this transformation. It is shown how the indeterminacy of re-entrant forms can be resolved in the medium of time using the methods of automata theory. On this basis, a refined definition of the degree of a form is presented.

Originality/value
The paper shows the potential of interdisciplinary approaches between sociology and information technology and provides methods and tools of digital mathematics such as ternary logic, Boolean Differential Calculus and automata theory for application in sociology.
The influence of dynamic capabilities on startup growth
Authors: Teixeira Emidio Gressler , Moura Gilnei Luiz de , Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Marconatto Diego Antônio Bittencourt , Fischmann Adalberto Américo 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between dynamic service innovation capabilities (DSICs) and startup growth in an emerging country.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper used a theoretical DSIC model to process data on 137 Brazilian startups, using a stepwise regression.

Findings
Service startup growth is related to the capability of enterprises to understand market signals, learn from customers and design a scalable, repetitive and profitable business model.

Research limitations/implications
Despite the innovative nature of startups, this paper found that technological and networking capacities are not a determinant of growth.

Practical implications
Managers should commit themselves to improve their competence in terms of understanding market signals, even when they already have a consolidated business model, products and service offerings. The findings also function as a warning about the dangers of an excessive focus on technological capabilities.

Social implications
Innovative startups, which achieve high growth create a disproportionate number of new jobs. Hence, by indicating the dynamic capabilities that are more conducive to firm growth, this paper contributes to society and the economy at large.

Originality/value
The findings challenge the myth of technological capacity and networking skills as the main sources of startup growth. This paper shows that founders and managers of service startups who want to achieve rapid growth should concentrate more effort on other skills. Marketing competence and building scalable business models – abilities that are common to successful traditional firms – are more relevant for short-term growth than technological innovation.
On the hybridization of pre-trained deep learning and differential evolution algorithms for semantic crack detection and recognition in ensemble of infrastructures
Authors: Mohammed Abdelkader Eslam 
Published: March 2021

PurposeCracks on surface are often identified as one of the early indications of damage and possible future catastrophic structural failure. Thus, detection of cracks is vital for the timely inspection, health diagnosis and maintenance of infrastructures. However, conventional visual inspection-based methods are criticized for being subjective, greatly affected by inspector's expertise, labor-intensive and time-consuming.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a novel self-adaptive-based method for automated and semantic crack detection and recognition in various infrastructures using computer vision technologies. The developed method is envisioned on three main models that are structured to circumvent the shortcomings of visual inspection in detection of cracks in walls, pavement and deck. The first model deploys modified visual geometry group network (VGG19) for extraction of global contextual and local deep learning features in an attempt to alleviate the drawbacks of hand-crafted features. The second model is conceptualized on the integration of K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and differential evolution (DE) algorithm for the automated optimization of its structure. The third model is designated for validating the developed method through an extensive four layers of performance evaluation and statistical comparisons.FindingsIt was observed that the developed method significantly outperformed other crack and detection models. For instance, the developed wall crack detection method accomplished overall accuracy, F-measure, Kappa coefficient, area under the curve, balanced accuracy, Matthew's correlation coefficient and Youden's index of 99.62%, 99.16%, 0.998, 0.998, 99.17%, 0.989 and 0.983, respectively.Originality/valueLiterature review lacks an efficient method which can look at crack detection and recognition of an ensemble of infrastructures. Furthermore, there is absence of systematic and detailed comparisons between crack detection and recognition models.
Spatial factors and plant attributes influence soil fungal community distribution patterns in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Li Jingwen , Ye Ziqi , Wang Jianming , Qu Laiye , Zhang Tianhan 
Published: March 2021

SummaryInland river basins include critical habitats and provide various ecosystem services in extremely arid lands. However, we know little about the distribution patterns of soil fungal communities in these river basins. We investigated the distribution patterns of soil fungal communities from the riparian oasis zone (ROZ) to the circumjacent desert zone (CDZ) at the lower reaches of the Heihe River. The results indicated that soil fungal communities were mainly dominated by the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota across all samples. The dominant soil fungi taxa were significantly different between ROZ and CDZ habitats at both the phylum and genus levels. Fungal alpha diversity was mainly affected by spatial factors and plant functional traits, and Pearson correlation analysis revealed that fungal alpha diversity was more closely related to plant functional traits than soil properties. Furthermore, fungal community structure was best explained by spatial factors and plant attributes (including plant diversity and plant functional traits). Together, our findings provide new insights into the significance of spatial factors and plant attributes for predicting distributions of fungal communities in arid inland river basins, which will help us better understand the functions and services of these ecosystems.
Allometry of exaggerated mandibular tusks in the burrowing mayfly Rhoenanthus coreanus (Ephemeroptera: Potamanthidae)
Authors: Mayorga Alfredo , Bae Yeon Jae 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExaggerated morphological traits, such as the mandibular tusks of mayflies, are rarely observed in immature insects, especially when such traits are exhibited by both sexes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the static allometry, sexual size dimorphism, and trade‐offs (i.e. compensations) of exaggerated mandibular tusks in the larvae of Rhoenanthus coreanus (Yoon & Bae) (Ephemeroptera: Potamanthidae). As expected, sexual dimorphism was observed in size, especially in that of eyes and tusks, with males exhibiting significantly larger eyes and females exhibiting longer tusks. Tusk size was monomorphic in males, and in contrast to that reported in previous studies, the static allometry of tusks was positive in females but negative in males. A positive compensation and correlation was observed between tusk and foreleg length in both sexes, which may be related to the burrowing and feeding behavior.
Cecal microbial transplantation attenuates hyperthyroid‐induced thermogenesis in Mongolian gerbils
Authors: Khakisahneh Saeid , Zhang Xue‐Ying , Nouri Zahra , Wang De‐Hua 
Published: March 2021

SummaryEndothermic mammals have a high energy cost to maintain a stable and high body temperature (Tb, around 37°C). Thyroid hormones are a major regulator for energy metabolism and Tb. The gut microbiota is involved in modulating host energy metabolism. However, whether the interaction between the gut microbiota and thyroid hormones is involved in metabolic and thermal regulations is unclear. We hypothesized that thyroid hormones via an interaction with gut microbiota orchestrate host thermogenesis and Tb. l‐thyroxine‐induced hyperthyroid Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) increased resting metabolic rate (RMR) and Tb, whereas Methimazole‐induced hypothyroid animals decreased RMR. Both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid animals differed significantly in faecal bacterial community. Hyperthyroidism increased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, such as Helicobacter and Rikenella, and decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria Butyricimonas and Parabacteroides, accompanied by reduced total bile acids and short‐chain fatty acids. Furthermore, the hyperthyroid gerbils transplanted with the microbiota from control donors increased type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) expression in the liver and showed a greater rate of decline of both serum T3 and T4 levels and, consequently, a more rapid recovery of normal RMR and Tb. These findings indicate that thyroid hormones regulate thermogenesis depending on gut microbiota and colonization with normal microbiota by caecal microbial transplantation attenuates hyperthyroid‐induced thermogenesis. This work reveals the functional consequences of the gut microbiota‐thyroid axis in controlling host metabolic physiology and Tb in endotherms.
Risk of cardiac‐related mortality in stage IIIA‐N2 non‐small cell lung cancer: Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database
Authors: Sun Xin , Men Yu , Wang Jianyang , Bao Yongxing , Yang Xu , Zhao Maoyuan , Sun Shuang , Yuan Meng , Ma Zeliang , Hui Zhouguang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to investigate the association between postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and cardiac‐related mortality in patients with stage IIIA‐N2 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsThe United States (US) population based on the SEER database was searched for cardiac‐related mortality among patients with stage IIIA‐N2 NSCLC. Cardiac‐related mortality was compared between the PORT and Non‐PORT groups. Accounting for mortality from other causes, Fine and Gray's test compared cumulative incidences of cardiac‐related mortality between both groups. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the competing risk model.ResultsFrom 1988 to 2016, 7290 patients met the inclusion criteria: 3386 patients were treated with PORT and 3904 patients with Non‐PORT. The five‐year overall incidence of cardiac‐related mortality was 3.01% in the PORT group and 3.26% in the Non‐PORT group. Older age, male sex, squamous cell lung cancer, earlier year of diagnosis and earlier T stage were independent adverse factors for cardiac‐related mortality. However, PORT use was not associated with an increase in the hazard for cardiac‐related mortality (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–1.24, p = 0.91). When evaluating cardiac‐related mortality in each time period, the overall incidence of cardiac‐related mortality was decreased over time. There were no statistically significant differences based on PORT use in all time periods.ConclusionsWith a median follow‐up of 25 months, no significant differences were found in cardiac‐related mortality between the PORT and Non‐PORT groups in stage IIIA‐N2 NSCLC patients.