bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ejercicio físico intradiálisis en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica: características de la carga y beneficios. Una revisión de la literatura.
Authors: Quevedo-Ramirez Danyela , García-Laguna Gabriela 
Published: August 2021

La enfermedad renal crónica es una enfermedad que tiene una disminución lenta, progresiva e irreversible de la función renal, asociada directamente a la acumulación de complicaciones. Esta se divide en 5 estadíos, siendo el estadío 5 el que más disminuye la calidad de vida de las personas puesto que deben ahora recibir una terapia de reemplazo renal indefinidamente para aumentar la expectativa de vida. Adicional, es importante otro tipo de intervención complementaria para mejorar la calidad de vida, como el ejercicio físico; sin embargo no está estandarizado.
Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca de las intervenciones de ejercicio físico intradiálisis efectivas en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica disponibles en la literatura.
Metodología: Se efectuó una búsqueda de la literatura acerca de los efectos que tiene el ejercicio intradiálisis aplicado a pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, se utilizaron las bases de datos: Pubmed, Science Direct, ElSevier, Springer Link, Scielo, empleando como palabras clave: “end stage kidney disease”, “renal dialysis”, “renal insufficiency”, “exercise therapy”, “intradialytic exercise”, “aerobic exercise”, “resistance exercise”.
Resultados: Se encontraron 88 artículos donde 9 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, reportando los beneficios y características del ejercicio.
Conclusión: el ejercicio que demostró generar mayores beneficios fue el entrenamiento combinado de tipo aeróbico y de resistencia. Estos beneficios son el aumento en la funcionalidad e independencia, calidad de vida, capacidad aeróbica, fuerza muscular, equilibrio y coordinación, la regulación de la presión arterial y la disminución de los síntomas asociados a la depresión.
Effects of Various Physical Interventions on Reducing Neuromuscular Fatigue Assessed by Electromyography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hou Xiao , Liu Jingmin , Weng Kaixiang , Griffin Lisa , Rice Laura A. , Jan Yih-Kuen 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Various interventions have been applied to improve recovery from muscle fatigue based on evidence from subjective outcomes, such as perceived fatigue and soreness, which may partly contribute to conflicting results of reducing muscle fatigue. There is a need to assess the effectiveness of various intervention on reducing neuromuscular fatigue assessed by a quantitative outcome, such as electromyography (EMG). The objective of this review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions and intervention timing for reducing fatigue rates during exercise.Methods: The literature was searched from the earliest record to March 2021. Eighteen studies with a total of 87 data points involving 281 participants and seven types of interventions [i.e., active recovery (AR), compression, cooling, electrical stimulation (ES), light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT), massage, and stretching] were included in this meta-analysis.Results: The results showed that compression (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI = −0.00 to 0.56; p = 0.05; I2 = 58%) and LEDT (SMD = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.88; p = 0.01; I2 = 52%) have a significant recovery effect on reducing muscle fatigue. Additionally, compression, AR, and cooling have a significant effect on reducing muscle fatigue when conducted during exercise, whereas a non-effective trend when applied after exercise.Discussion: This meta-analysis suggests that compression and LEDT have a significant effect on reducing muscle fatigue. The results also suggest that there is a significant effect or an effective trend on reducing muscle fatigue when compression, AR, cooling, and ES are applied during exercise, but not after exercise.
Bioinformatics and Immune Infiltration Analyses Reveal the Key Pathway and Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhang Xu-Zhe , Zhang Si , Tang Ting-Ting , Cheng Xiang 
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study was designed to identify the key pathway and immune cells for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) via bioinformatics analyses of public datasets and evaluate the significance of immune infiltration in the pathogenesis of HCM.Methods: Expressional profiling from two public datasets (GSE36961 and GSE141910) of human HCM and healthy control cardiac tissues was obtained from the GEO database. After data preprocessing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then screened between HCM and healthy control cardiac tissues in parallel. Gene Ontology, pathway functional enrichment, and gene set enrichment analysis were performed using DAVID and GSEA application. The compositional patterns of immune and stromal cells in HCM and control cardiac tissues were estimated based on the merged data using xCell. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and module analyses were constructed by STRING and Cytoscape applications. Gender-based expressional differences analyses were also conducted to explore gender differences in HCM. GSE130036 and clinical samples were used for verification analyses.Results: A total of 310 DEGs were identified. Upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in “adhesion” and “apoptotic process” in the biological process. As for the downregulated DEGs, “inflammatory response,” “innate immune response,” “phagosome,” and “JAK-STAT signaling pathway” were highly enriched. Immune infiltration analyses suggested that the scores of macrophages, monocytes, DC, Th1, Treg, and plasma cells in the HCM group were significantly decreased, while CD8+ T cells, basophils, fibroblasts, and platelets were significantly enriched. Module analyses revealed that STAT3, as the hub genes in HCM together with LYVE1+CD163+ macrophages, may play a key role in the pathogenesis of HCM while there were no obvious gender differences in the HCM samples from selected datasets. Verification analyses performed on GSE130036 and clinical samples showed a strong positive correlation (Spearman correlation = 0.7646) and a good co-localization relationship between LYVE1 and CD163, suggesting the potential function of LYVE1+CD163+ macrophages in maintaining the homeostasis of cardiac tissue.Conclusion: STAT3-related pathway and CD163+LYVE1+ macrophages were identified as the potential key pathway and immune cells in HCM and may serve as interesting targets for further in-depth research.
Case Report: Wide-to-Narrow QRS Tachycardia in a 3-Month-Old Infant
Authors: Zhao Liang , Yan Song , Wang Tao , Hua Yimin , Zhou Kaiyu 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: It is rare to find that wide QRS tachycardia automatically changes to narrow QRS tachycardia, and it is more difficult to clarify the mechanism.Case Report: A 3-month-old infant with recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia underwent transesophageal cardiac electrophysiological examination. The wide QRS tachycardia was induced by atrial RS2 stimulation, and it soon changed to narrow QRS tachycardia automatically. By the accurate measurement of esophageal lead, it was found that the electrocardiogram changes completely conform to Coumel law. The mechanism of wide and narrow QRS tachycardia was orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia with or without ipsilateral functional bundle branch block, and the accessory pathway was defined as the left free wall-concealed accessory pathway.Conclusion: Transesophageal cardiac electrophysiological examination can reveal some special electrophysiological phenomena, and its non-invasive nature is especially suitable for infants.
The Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid at Different Concentrations of Lipid Indices and the Risk of Myocardial Revascularization in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Lin Yajuan , Hidru Tesfaldet Habtemariam , Fan Rui , Gao Jinghan , Li Han , Yang Xiaolei , Xia Yunlong 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Both serum uric acid (SUA) levels and lipid components, such as LDL, HDL, and Lp(a), have been reported to associate with CAD. However, the influence of SUA status at different concentrations of lipid indices for the risk of myocardial revascularization (MRT) in ACS patients is currently unknown.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a hospital-based sample of 14,234 ACS patients with no previous history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. All patients went for coronary angiography. Binary logistic regression models were performed, and the odds ratios (OR) at 95% confidence interval (CIs) were used to approximate the associated risk of UA and lipid profile for myocardial revascularization, with the lowest quartile/tertile serving as the reference category.Results: Overall, 8,818 (61.9%) patients undergone MRT out of 14,234 patients. Elevated SUA and HDL were negatively associated with an increased likelihood of MRT during admission (P &lt; 0.001). However, LDL and Lp(a) levels were positively associated with MRT among ACS patients. Furthermore, interaction analyses between SUA and lipid profiles, particularly LDL and Lp(a), compared with those in the lowest quartile of SUA levels, show that patients in higher SUA quartiles grouped by lipid components had a significantly lower chance of undergoing MRT, with the lowest OR (95%CI) for subjects being 0.222 (0.170-0.290), 0.478 (0.374-0.612), and 0.604 (0.468-0.780) in LDL tertiles, being 0.671(0.523-0.862), 0.316(0.242-0.413), and 0.410 (0.310-0.542) in Lp(a) tertiles, respectively. In the three tertiles of HDL levels, the incidence of MRT dropped steadily as SUA levels increased. Also, we further analyzed ACS patients without diabetes. Compared with the first quartile of SUA levels, the risks of MRT were significantly lower in different tertiles of lipids components [LDL, Lp(a), HDL].Conclusion: An increase in SUA levels may decrease the chance of undergoing MRT in ACS patients, even in those with increased Lp(a) and LDL-c. Elevated serum uric acid may play a protective role during an acute stage of ACS.
A Stochastic Intracellular Model of Anthrax Infection With Spore Germination Heterogeneity
Authors: Williams Bevelynn , López-García Martín , Gillard Joseph J. , Laws Thomas R. , Lythe Grant , Carruthers Jonathan , Finnie Thomas , Molina-París Carmen 
Published: August 2021

We present a stochastic mathematical model of the intracellular infection dynamics of Bacillus anthracis in macrophages. Following inhalation of B. anthracis spores, these are ingested by alveolar phagocytes. Ingested spores then begin to germinate and divide intracellularly. This can lead to the eventual death of the host cell and the extracellular release of bacterial progeny. Some macrophages successfully eliminate the intracellular bacteria and will recover. Here, a stochastic birth-and-death process with catastrophe is proposed, which includes the mechanism of spore germination and maturation of B. anthracis. The resulting model is used to explore the potential for heterogeneity in the spore germination rate, with the consideration of two extreme cases for the rate distribution: continuous Gaussian and discrete Bernoulli. We make use of approximate Bayesian computation to calibrate our model using experimental measurements from in vitro infection of murine peritoneal macrophages with spores of the Sterne 34F2 strain of B. anthracis. The calibrated stochastic model allows us to compute the probability of rupture, mean time to rupture, and rupture size distribution, of a macrophage that has been infected with one spore. We also obtain the mean spore and bacterial loads over time for a population of cells, each assumed to be initially infected with a single spore. Our results support the existence of significant heterogeneity in the germination rate, with a subset of spores expected to germinate much later than the majority. Furthermore, in agreement with experimental evidence, our results suggest that most of the spores taken up by macrophages are likely to be eliminated by the host cell, but a few germinated spores may survive phagocytosis and lead to the death of the infected cell. Finally, we discuss how this stochastic modelling approach, together with dose-response data, allows us to quantify and predict individual infection risk following exposure.
Central Venous Disease Increases the Risk of Microbial Colonization in Hemodialysis Catheters
Authors: Liang Xianhui , Liu Yamin , Chen Bohan , Li Ping , Zhao Peixiang , Liu Zhangsuo , Wang Pei 
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Tunneled-cuffed catheters (TCCs) are widely used in maintenance hemodialysis patients. However, microbial colonization in catheters increases the likelihood of developing various complications, such as catheter-related infection (CRI), catheter failure, hospitalization, and death. Identification of the risk factors related to microorganism colonization may help us reduce the incidence of these adverse events. Therefore, a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent TCC removal was conducted.Methods: From a pool of 389 adult patients, 145 were selected for inclusion in the study. None of the patients met the diagnostic criteria for CRI within 30 days before recruitment. The right internal jugular vein was the unique route evaluated. The catheter removal procedure was guided by digital subtraction angiography. Catheter tips were collected for culture. Biochemical and clinical parameters were collected at the time of catheter removal.Results: The average age of this cohort was 55.46 ± 17.25 years. A total of 45/145 (31.03%) patients were verified to have a positive catheter culture. The proportions of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi were 57.8, 28.9, and 13.3%, respectively. History of CRI [odds ratio (OR) = 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 5.49], fibrin sheath (OR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.39–6.19), white blood cell (WBC) count ≥5.9 × 109/l (OR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.12–4.77), moderate (OR = 4.87, 95% CI 1.61–14.78) or severe central venous stenosis (CVS) (OR = 4.74, 95% CI 1.16–19.38), and central venous thrombosis (CVT) (OR = 3.41, 95% CI 1.51–7.69) were associated with a significantly increased incidence of microbial colonization in a univariate analysis. Central venous disease (CVD) elevated the risk of microbial colonization, with an OR of 3.37 (1.47–7.71, P = 0.004). A multivariate analysis showed that both CVS and CVT were strongly associated with catheter microbial colonization, with ORs of 3.06 (1.20–7.78, P = 0.019) and 4.13 (1.21–14.05, P = 0.023), respectively. As the extent of stenosis increased, the relative risk of catheter microbial colonization also increased. In patients with moderate and severe stenosis, a sustained and significant increase in OR from 5.13 to 5.77 was observed.Conclusions: An elevated WBC count and CVD can put hemodialysis patients with TCCs at a higher risk of microbial colonization, even if these patients do not have the relevant symptoms of infection. Avoiding indwelling catheters is still the primary method for preventing CRI.
2D SnS2 Nanostructure-Derived Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants Under Visible Light
Authors: Srivastava Rohit Ranjan , Kumar Vishwakarma Pramod , Yadav Umakant , Rai Suyash , Umrao Sima , Giri Rajiv , Saxena Preeti Suman , Srivastava Anchal 
Published: August 2021

Wastewater produced by the textile industry contains various dyes and organic compounds that directly or indirectly affect surface water or groundwater pollution. Visible-light-driven semiconductor photocatalysis is the leading pathway for the degradation of environmental pollutants. Herein we report the bottom-up hydrothermal growth of 2D tin disulfide nanostructures (SnS2 NSs) for the efficient photodegradation of organic pollutants such as Rhodamine B (Rh.B) and Methyl Violet (M.V) in an aqueous medium under visible light (λ &gt; 400 nm) irradiation. The as-synthesized SnS2 NSs were characterized by various structural, morphological, and optical techniques such as XRD, RAMAN, TEM, UV–Vis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, etc. Furthermore, the low bandgap (∼1.6 eV), the high surface area (56 m2/g), and the anionic nature of SnS2 NSs attribute to it as an efficient photocatalyst for photocatalytic applications. The photocatalytic properties of SnS2 NSs showed good degradation efficiency of 94 and 99.6% for Rh. B and M.V, respectively, in 25 min. The kinetic rate constant of these dyes was estimated by using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. Here we also performed the recyclability test of the photocatalyst and discussed the plausible mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The XPS spectra of SnS2 NSs were studied before and after the photodegradation of Rh.B and M.V, indicating the high stability of the photocatalyst. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity was also evaluated against human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa cells) with different concentrations (0–1,000 μg/ml) of as-synthesized SnS2 NSs. This intended work provides a possible treatment for the degradation of organic pollutants under visible light to balance the aquatic ecosystems.
Multivariate NTCP Model of Hypothyroidism After Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Shen Guanzhu , Peng Yinglin , Li Jian , Wu Haijun , Zhang Guangshun , Zhao Chong , Deng Xiaowu 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of hypothyroidism in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), analyze its correlation with multiple influencing factors such as thyroid exposure dose, thyroid volume, and gender, and construct a multivariate-based normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model for the occurrence of hypothyroidism after IMRT.Materials and MethodsThe thyroid hormone levels of patients at different points in time before and after radiotherapy were tested, and statistics on the incidence of hypothyroidism after treatment were obtained. The dose-volume data of patients’ thyroids were converted into EQD2 equivalent dose values. The correlation between hypothyroidism after radiotherapy and thyroid exposure dose, thyroid volume, gender, and other factors was analyzed, and an NTCP model was constructed.ResultsA total of 69 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were enrolled in this study. Twelve months after radiotherapy, a total of 24 patients (34.8%) developed hypothyroidism. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis revealed that the average thyroid dose and thyroid volume are the most important factors affecting hypothyroidism after radiotherapy. The NTCP model constructed based on the average dose and thyroid volume has a good degree of fit.ConclusionThe volume and average dose of the thyroid gland are the key factors affecting the occurrence of hypothyroidism in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. The NTCP model constructed based on multivariate construction suggests that reducing the average dose of the thyroid to the greatest extent is an effective way to protect thyroid functions.
Molecular Characterization of α- and β-Thalassaemia Among Children From 1 to 10 Years of Age in Guangxi, A Multi-Ethnic Region in Southern China
Authors: He Sheng , Li Dongming , Yi Shang , Huang Xiuning , Zhou Chaofan , Chen Biyan , Zuo Yangjin , Lin Li , Chen Faqin , Wei Hongwei 
Published: August 2021

Background: Thalassemia is one of the most common genetic diseases in southern China. Howerver, population in different regions or different population has their own spectrums of thalassemia. To investigate the prevalence and spectrum features of thalassemia among children in Guangxi. Hematology and genetic analysis were performed on 71,459 children aged 1–10 years in various regions of Guangxi.Results: A total of 11,821 children were diagnoses with thalassemia including 7,615 (10.66%) subjects of α-thalassemia, 3,507 (4.90%) subjects of β-thalassemia, and 699 (0.98%) cases with both α- and β-thalassemia. Nine α-thalassemia mutations and 30 genotypes were identified among the α-thalassemia children. The - -SEA and - -SEA/αα were the most frequent mutation and genotype, respectively. One α-thalassemia fusion gene and a rare 2.4 kb deletion both causing α+-thalassemia were identified, respectively. Thirteen β-thalassemia mutations and 31 genotypes were characterized among the β-thalassemia children, with the most common mutation CD41-42 (-CTTT) accounting for 46.05% of the β-mutations. Two rare mutations IVS-II-5 (G&gt;C), and IVS-I-2 (T&gt;C) were firstly identified. Furthermore, 92 genotypes were identified among 699 children with both α- and β-thalassemia.Conclusions: Our findings highlight the great heterogeneity and the extensive spectrum of thalassemia among children in Guangxi, which provide an available reference for prevention of thalassemia in this area.
A Metabolic Profiling Study of Realgar-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Li Chao , Feng Tingting , Cao Shuai , Zhou Heng , Li Limin , Hu Qing , Mao Xiuhong , Ji Shen 
Published: August 2021

Realgar has been used as a type of mineral drug that contains arsenic for thousands of years. Previous studies have shown that Realgar-induced acute kidney injury is associated with abnormal metabolism, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the metabolic changes in serum and kidney tissues of mice exposed to Realgar by using a metabolomic approach and explore the molecular mechanisms of acute kidney injury induced by Realgar. Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control group, 0.5-, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg Realgar group. After 1 week, the body weight and kidney weight of the mice were measured. The serum and kidney samples were used for LC-MS spectroscopic metabolic profiling. Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, and pathway analysis were used to detect the nephrotoxic effects of Realgar. Body weight decreased significantly in the 2.0 g/kg group, and the kidney weight index also showed a dose-dependent increase in Realgar. The PCA score plot showed the serum and kidney tissue metabolic profile of mice exposed to 2.0 g/kg Realgar separated from the control group, while the lower-doses of 0.5 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg Realgar shown a similar view to the Control group. Thirty-three metabolites and seventeen metabolites were screened and identified in the serum and kidney of mice in a dose-dependent manner. respectively. Correlation analysis showed a strong correlation among these metabolites. Amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and purine metabolism pathways were found to be mainly associated with Realgar nephrotoxicity. This work illustrated the metabolic alterations in Realgar-induced nephrotoxic mice through a metabolomic approach.