bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and Function of the Vocal Cords after Airway Reconstruction on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Elders Bernadette B. L. J. , Hakkesteegt Marieke M. , Ciet Pierluigi , Tiddens Harm A. W. M. , Wielopolski Piotr , Pullens Bas 
Published: January 2021

Objectives/HypothesisDysphonia is a common problem at long‐term follow‐up after airway surgery for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) with major impact on quality of life. Dysphonia after LTS can be caused by scar tissue from initial stenosis along with anatomical alterations after surgery. There is need for a modality to noninvasively image structure and function of the reconstructed upper airways including the vocal cords to assess voice outcome and possible treatment after LTS. Our objective was to correlate vocal cord structure and function of patients after airway reconstruction for LTS on static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to voice outcome.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsVoice outcome was assessed by voice questionnaires ((pediatric) Voice Handicap Index (p)VHI)) and the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI). Postsurgical anatomy, airway lumen, and vocal cord thickness and movement on multiplanar static high‐resolution MRI and dynamic acquisitions during phonation was correlated to voice outcome.ResultsForty‐eight patients (age 14.4 (range 7.5–30.7) years) and 11 healthy volunteers (15.9 (8.2–28.8) years) were included. Static MRI demonstrated vocal cord thickening in 80.9% of patients, correlated to a decrease in DSI (expected odds 0.75 [C.I. 0.58–0.96] P = .02). Dynamic MRI showed impaired vocal cord adduction during phonation in 61.7% of patients, associated with a lower DSI score (0.65 [C.I. 0.48–0.88] P = .006).ConclusionsIn LTS patients, after airway reconstruction MRI can safely provide excellent structural and functional detail of the vocal cords correlating to DSI, with further usefulness expected from technical refinements. We therefore suggest MRI as a tool for extensive imaging during LTS follow‐up.Level of evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2402–E2408, 2021
Opportunities for eTextbook innovations and partnerships: A case study of the Marriott Library at the University of Utah
Authors: Mower Allyson 
Published: January 2021

Key points
Establishing business relationships with entities that can naturally and consistently refer others to your content, such as libraries and e‐book distributors, can further your reach and boost resiliency in times of crisis
Many Utah professors were not aware of library‐licensing options for e‐books, but adoption of eBooks because of impacts from the COVID‐19 pandemic is likely to continue in the future
Partnerships between academic librarians, campus bookstores, tutors, and even the Registrar are crucial to delivering agile responses to teaching needs
A worryingly low number of teaching resources are available in digital form – and these are likely to be side‐lined where digital access becomes a requirement
There are higher expectations around access and navigation of e‐books than printed versions, with frustration when they cannot be easily used
Students appreciate lower costs and ease of access but are neither aware nor concerned about the different licensing agreements underpinning their access to materials.
Why openness makes research infrastructure resilient
Authors: Cousijn Helena , Hendricks Ginny , Meadows Alice 
Published: January 2021

Key pointsOpen research infrastructure provides the building blocks of scientific progress, which must be available to everyone, with no barriers to access.Organizations enabling open research infrastructure must endorse these fundamental principles: equity, value, trust, interoperability, sustainability, and community governance.Finding ways to invite co‐creation and community participation engenders a strong sense of ‘buy‐in’ and is therefore essential to developing successful research infrastructure.
The impact of COVID‐19 on the UK publishing industry: Findings and opportunity
Authors: Brinton Jeremy 
Published: January 2021

Key points
Challenges of the current environment are balanced by opportunities – more digital delivery, more efficient systems, greater collaboration.
Consumption has not reduced, but delivery mechanisms need adaptation to ensure the right products in the right media are offered and delivered.
Changes to the cost base by redeploying staff and rethinking premises are underway and support improved resource allocation.
Leadership is required to accommodate adaptive and flexible remote working.
Ensuring access and implementing licences that permit non‐commercial use is both a moral and a practical response.
The resilience of scientific publication: From elite ancient academies to open access
Authors: Mallett Jonathan J. 
Published: January 2021

Key points
Scientific publication has been a key part of the scientific method since the inception of Philosophical Transactions in 1665.
The scientific publications industry has grown exponentially along with science, incorporating technological innovations along the way, and adapting journal processes and practices to changing needs of science as it matured.
Of all the technological innovations over more than 300 years, the move to online journals may be the most significant, making open access to content practical for the first time.
The open‐access movement is disrupting the economics of journal publishing, which is hoped will make the industry more competitive: the ability of the publications industry to adapt to open access will be a measure of its resilience.
The demand for articles published in reputable journals continues to grow as readers trust the credibility of peer reviewed journal articles, and good authors value the prestige of publishing in the best journals.
It is difficult to predict what new functionalities may be included in articles of the future or what additional services publishers and editors will provide, but there is every reason to believe that scientific journal articles are here to stay.
Characteristics of scales and their impacts on under‐deposit corrosion in an oil production well
Authors: Yang Yan , Luo Xuan , Elsayed Yousr E. A. N. , Hong Chuanshi , Yadav Abhijeet , Rogowska Magdalena , Ambat Rajan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study examined the composition and characteristics of scales formed at different depths in an oil production well, which had developed over years of well operation, workovers, and interventions, by the combined use of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The iron‐rich scales consist of several mineral phases, including a dominant portion of akagneite and hibbingite, some barite, silicon dioxide, copper sulfide, and small amounts of iron oxide and calcium carbonate. The scales typically have a layered structure consisting of five to six distinct layers, which impacts steel corrosion processes. The type of corrosion beneath the scale surface was found to be diversified. Pitting morphology corresponding to different stages in the development of scales was observed. The relation between pitting density and the extent of corrosion was analyzed. The effects of environmental factors, including calcium, chlorine, oxygen content, steel microstructure, and multiphase flow, on scale formation and corrosion mechanisms, were discussed. The results provide important insights into the formation of scales and the under‐deposit corrosion processes in the oil production tubes.
Crystallization kinetics, aggregated structure and thermal stability of biodegradable poly(ethylene succinate) manipulated by a biocompatible layered metal phosphonate as an efficient nucleator
Authors: Jia Chunfeng , Zhou Shanshan , Xie Zhanghua , Wang Lukai , Yang Yubin , Sun Xiaoyu , Xie Yuhong , Yang Jinjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA P‐ and Zn‐containing organic/inorganic hybrid layered metal phosphonate (PPZn) as a biocompatible nucleator was incorporated into biodegradable poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) polyester to investigate the effect of the PPZn on the crystallization behavior, crystal and aggregated structure, crystal morphology and thermal stability of the PES. Two traditional inorganic nucleators (Talc and BN) were utilized for comparison with the PPZn. The PPZn exhibited markedly higher nucleation effect than the Talc and BN. The PPZn significantly enhanced the Tc and crystallization rate, and shortened the crystallization time of the PES, as confirmed by the crystallization kinetics. Hydrogen bond interaction exists between the PPZn and PES C=O group and between the PPZn and PES amorphous C–O–C group, which facilitates the uniform dispersion of the PPZn in the PES matrix. The nucleation of the PES is mainly attributed to good crystal lattice matching between the PES and PPZn. The PPZn slightly increased the thermal degradation temperature of the PES below 380 °C. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
In‐depth proteome of perilymph in guinea pig model
Authors: Lee Jung Hun , Hwang Yu‐Jung , Li Hui , Kim Hyeyoon , Suh Myung‐Whan , Han Dohyun , Oh Seung‐Ha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe vast majority of sensorineural hearing loss is caused by impairment of the inner ear cells. Proteomic analysis of perilymph may therefore improve our understanding of inner ear diseases and hearing loss. However, the investigation of the human perilymph proteome was limited due to technical difficulties in perilymph sampling. The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is frequently used as an experimental model in preclinical hearing research. In this study, we analyzed samples of perilymph collected from 12 guinea pigs to overcome limited experimental information regarding its proteome. We identified a total of 1413 proteins, establishing a greatly expanded proteome of the previously inferred guinea pig perilymph. This provides a comprehensive proteomic resource for the research community, which will facilitate future molecular‐phenotypic studies using the guinea pig as an experimental model of relevance to human inner ear biology.
An innovative standard for LC‐MS‐based HCP profiling and accurate quantity assessment: Application to batch consistency in viral vaccine samples
Authors: Trauchessec Mathieu , Hesse Anne Marie , Kraut Alexandra , Berard Yves , Herment Laura , Fortin Tanguy , Bruley Christophe , Ferro Myriam , Manin Catherine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiotherapeutics, molecules produced from biological systems, require rigorous purification steps to remove impurities including host cell proteins (HCPs). Regulatory guidelines require manufacturers to monitor process‐related impurities along the purification workflow. Mass spectrometry (MS) has recently been considered as a complementary method to the well‐established ELISA for HCPs quantification, since it has the advantage of unambiguously identifying individual HCP. In this study, we developed an innovative standard dedicated to MS‐based HCP profiling analysis in order to monitor the consistency of viral vaccine intermediate purification samples. This standard, termed the HCP‐PROFILER standard, is composed of a water‐soluble bead (READYBEADS technology) which, after being added into the sample, releases unlabeled peptides in controlled amounts. The standard meets three desired criteria: (1) it is composed of multiple peptides, at different concentration levels, allowing construction of a calibration curve covering the dynamic range of HCPs present in the target sample, ensuring quantification accuracy; (2) it demonstrates high batch‐to‐batch reproducibility, ensuring quantification robustness and consistency over time; and (3) it is easy to use and avoids user‐induced analytical biases. In this study, we present the use of the HCP‐PROFILER standard for vaccine batches comparison and downstream process performance studies.
The number of satisfying assignments of random 2‐SAT formulas
Authors: Achlioptas Dimitris , Coja‐Oghlan Amin , Hahn‐Klimroth Max , Lee Joon , Müller Noëla , Penschuck Manuel , Zhou Guangyan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe show that throughout the satisfiable phase the normalized number of satisfying assignments of a random 2‐SAT formula converges in probability to an expression predicted by the cavity method from statistical physics. The proof is based on showing that the Belief Propagation algorithm renders the correct marginal probability that a variable is set to “true” under a uniformly random satisfying assignment.
Sustainable development scale of housing estates: An economic assessment using machine learning approach
Authors: Tang Bo‐sin , Ho Winky K.O. , Wong Siu Wai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEconomic sustainability is often addressed from the perspective of economic growth and at the national level. In contrast, this research attempts to examine the question of economic sustainability of human settlement at a local project level. Urban planners need to strike a balance between dispersal and over‐concentration of population in cities. The existing theories suggest that either excessively low or extremely high levels of household concentration is undesirable to a neighborhood. In this study, an economic assessment using machine learning (ML) techniques is used to identify the threshold scale of a housing estate, which comprises many privately owned residential units (like condos) with shared amenities. Using two decades of property transaction data in Hong Kong as our evidence, this study has found that a tipping point exists in the development scale of these housing estates. Housing values initially rise with the number of residential units in a housing estate but gradually fall when it increases beyond a critical limit. This nonlinear economic relationship is attributed to the per household share of common facilities, which does not increase sufficiently to match with the growing population density of the housing estates. The policy implication is that, to optimize housing supply, urban planning should not just focus on increasing the development bulk of housing but should also pay attention to the possible bottlenecks in the provision of shared amenities in the neighborhood.
Model Complexity as Determining Factor for In Vitro Nanosafety Studies: Effects of Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials in Intestinal Models
Authors: Kämpfer Angela A. M. , Busch Mathias , Büttner Veronika , Bredeck Gerrit , Stahlmecke Burkhard , Hellack Bryan , Masson Isabelle , Sofranko Adriana , Albrecht Catrin , Schins Roel P. F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the rising interest in the effects of orally ingested engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), much effort is undertaken to develop and advance intestinal in vitro models. The cytotoxic, proinflammatory, and DNA damaging properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone‐capped silver (Ag‐PVP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2, P25) ENM in four in vitro models of increasing complexity—from proliferating Caco‐2 and HT29‐MTX‐E12 monocultures to long‐term transwell triple cultures including THP‐1 macrophages to reproduce the human intestine in healthy versus inflamed‐like state—are studied. Results are compared against in vivo effects of the same ENM through intestinal tissue analysis from 28‐day oral exposure studies in mice. Adverse responses are only observed in monocultures and suggest toxic potential for both ENM, typically showing stronger effects for Ag‐PVP than for TiO2. By contrast, no adverse effects are observed in either the transwell cultures or the analyzed murine tissues. The data provide further support that monoculture models represent a cost and time efficient tool for early‐phase hazard assessment. However, the observed similarities in morphology and ENM effects in murine intestinal tissue and the in vitro triple culture model suggest that advanced multifacetted research questions concerning oral ENM exposure are more adequately addressed by the more complex and time intensive models.
Impact of phosphate adsorption on the mobility of PANI‐supported nano zero‐valent iron
Authors: Lin Dantong , Bradford Scott , Hu Liming , M. C. Lo Irene 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNano zero‐valent iron (nZVI) has been used for in situ groundwater remediation due to its strong adsorption and reaction characteristics. However, oxyanion contaminants in groundwater can ready adsorbed onto the surface of nZVI. This can potentially alter the mobility of nZVI and create a secondary pollution source, but these issues have not yet been systematically investigated. In this study, polyaniline‐supported nZVI (PnZVI) and phosphate‐sorbed PnZVI (PS‐PnZVI) were synthesized in the laboratory. The sedimentation and transport behavior of these two nZVI particles were investigated, compared, and mathematically modeled to better understand the impact of phosphate adsorption on these processes. Results showed that phosphate adsorption can enhance the stability and mobility of PnZVI. Interaction energy calculations that considered van der Waals and magnetic attraction, electrostatic double layer and Born repulsion, and the influence of nanoscale roughness and binary charge heterogeneity were conducted to better infer mechanisms causing nZVI particle sedimentation and retention. Nanoscale roughness and binary charge heterogeneity were found to significantly decrease the energy barrier, but not to low enough levels to explain the observed behavior. The rapid settling of PnZVI was attributed to strong magnetic attraction between particles, which produced rapid aggregation and retention due to straining and/or hydrodynamic bridging. Phosphate adsorption enhanced the mobility of PS‐PnZVI in comparison with PnZVI due to a decrease in particle size and aggregation, and an increase in the energy barrier with the porous media. A potential risk of nZVI particles to facilitate oxyanion contaminant transport was demonstrated for phosphate.
Cellular reprogramming: Mathematics meets medicine
Authors: Dotson Gabrielle A. , Ryan Charles W. , Chen Can , Muir Lindsey , Rajapakse Indika 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGenerating needed cell types using cellular reprogramming is a promising strategy for restoring tissue function in injury or disease. A common method for reprogramming is addition of one or more transcription factors that confer a new function or identity. Advancements in transcription factor selection and delivery have culminated in successful grafting of autologous reprogrammed cells, an early demonstration of their clinical utility. Though cellular reprogramming has been successful in a number of settings, identification of appropriate transcription factors for a particular transformation has been challenging. Computational methods enable more sophisticated prediction of relevant transcription factors for reprogramming by leveraging gene expression data of initial and target cell types, and are built on mathematical frameworks ranging from information theory to control theory. This review highlights the utility and impact of these mathematical frameworks in the field of cellular reprogramming.This article is categorized under:
Reproductive System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Reproductive System Diseases > Stem Cells and Development
Reproductive System Diseases > Computational Models
Metathesis and Redetermination of the Crystal Structure of Cadmium Carbodiimide, CdNCN
Authors: Qiao Xianji , Mroz Damian , Corkett Alex J. , Bisswanger Timo , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCadmium carbodiimide, CdNCN, was synthesized by a solid‐state metathesis reaction between CdCl2 and Na2NCN in a 1 : 1 molar ratio at 500 °C, and its crystal structure was redetermined from Rietveld refinement of powder X‐ray data, aiming to clarify prior uncertainties as regards the carbodiimide vs. cyanamide shape. CdNCN adopts the centrosymmetric space group R
m and is isostructural with MgNCN, the lattice parameters being a=3.536 Å and c=14.518 Å, the C−N double bond arriving at 1.23 Å. Both IR and Raman spectroscopy as well as DFT phonon calculations were carried out, and they corroborate the crystallographic result.
Research on the Development Route of International Communication Accesses
Authors: Yang Tianpu , Gao Junshi , Chen Xiaoming , Guo Yanchun , Sun Shuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the implementation of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, a new wave of globalization is taking shape, promoting the growth of international service requirements, which requires pre-deployment of international infrastructure. The construction of international communications infrastructure is an important guarantee for China’s major international activities, external communication activities, and the normal operation of global and regional economies. International Communication Accesses is an important part of international infrastructure. The development and construction of international accesses is not an intrinsic mode, which involves many factors. It needs long-term planning and local adaptation; it relies on both the policy environment and basic network resources; it should consider both return on investment and convenience services. This document puts forward the future construction route of international communication accesses based on the analysis of factors including macro policies, geographical environments, service requirements, circuit quality improvement, transmission resources, fund support, and security assurance.
A Secure Ranked Search Model Over Encrypted Data in Hybrid Cloud Computing
Authors: Zhang Jiuling , Shen Shijun , Huang Daochao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe security issue is becoming more and more prominent since user’s private information being outsourced to the somewhat untrustworthy cloud. Encrypting the information before uploading them to the cloud is one of ultimate solutions. Secure searchable encryption schemes and secure ranking schemes have been proposed to help retrieving the most relevant documents over the cloud. However the present methods are encumbered by the huge computing and communicating occupation of the cipher text. In this paper, a fully homomorphic encryption based secure ranked search model over the hybrid cloud is proposed. By introducing hybrid cloud, which typically composed by private cloud and public cloud, the high cost of computing and communicating of the cipher text is transferred to the trustworthy private cloud, in which the decrypting are performed. The client does not need to perform any heavy computations, thence making the secure ranking practical from the client’s point of view.
Research on Industrial Internet Security Emergency Management Framework Based on Blockchain: Take China as an Example
Authors: Huang Haibo , Gao Yuxi , Yan Min , Zhang Xiaofan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBuilding a national unified ISEMS (industrial internet security emergency management system) plays an important role in industrial cybersecurity defense. However, due to technical and management constraints, the current ISEMS has problems such as scattered security organizations, poor sharing channels, and fails to form an overall security guarantee capability for threat reporting, analyzing, warning, and disposing. The blockchain technology has the characters of decentralized trust construction, inter-organizational data sharing, data integrity assurance, data traceability, which just meets the requirements of the emergency management process. This paper analyzes the situation and challenges of ISEMS, describes the system architecture and organizational structure based on the blockchain, and describes the key implementation processes of blockchain-based ISEMS, including threat report, risk analysis, warning release and emergency response.