bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities and prospects of interaction between government and business in the agricultural sector
Authors: Boris O A , Vorontsova G V , Momotova O N , Parakhina V N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The relevance of the research topic is determined by the advantages of interaction between government and business in the agricultural sector: on the one hand, the resources provided and the flexibility of the business, and on the other hand, the potential to influence decision – making for social and economic development. In addition, the ability of the authorities to act as an upholder of social justice. This research aims to identify areas for the development of interaction between government and business through the spectacle of satisfying the interests of both parties. This is the reason for the research tasks: to analyze the definitions, to evaluate the key interaction models of government and business; to reveal the most acute issues of interaction between government and business and possible potentialities for its improvement. Public-private partnerships in the agricultural sector provide a variety of potential benefits arising from the combination of operational and economic performance specific to the private sector, with the role of the government sector as an enabling environment and a regulator ensuring that social interests are accounted. For all types of public-private partnership, the efficiency improvement is the main advantage determining the prospects of its development in the agricultural sector.
Achieved level of agro-PPP development: factors of risk, successes and failures
Authors: Boris O A , Vorontsova G V , Momotova O N , Parakhina V N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The relevance of the topic under study is associated with the emergence of completely unfamiliar manifestations of the humanitarian and economic crisis associated with the coronavirus pandemic. The negative impact of its consequences is particularly significant in small and medium enterprises, which include many economic entities of the agro-industrial complex. The purpose of this study is to determine the development factors of interaction between government authorities and agribusiness in terms of ensuring the satisfaction of their interests of both parties in the form of public-private partnership. This determines the objectives of the study: to analyze public-private partnership in the agricultural sector (agro-PPP), its successes and failures, which allows to better represent the achieved level of scientific, methodological and organizational support for the interaction of government and business in Russia; to analyze foreign experience of interaction between government and agribusiness to identify possible risk factors in the PPP mechanism in Russia; to assess the prospects for protection against them in the agricultural sector. The study reveals that effective PPPs operating in the agricultural sector include risk management mechanisms to protect the most vulnerable partners; shows the opportunities for the emergence of additional financial partners in agribusiness partnerships, as well as the need to develop monitoring and assessment of PPP projects in the agro-industrial complex in order to systematically form a reliable information base for developing recommendations for the effective selection of innovative projects and measures their impact in the long term.
Considerations when using nutrient inventories to prioritize water quality improvement efforts across the US
Authors: Sabo Robert D , Clark Christopher M , Compton Jana E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ongoing water quality degradation tied to nitrogen and phosphorus pollution results in significant economic damages by diminishing the recreational value of surface water and compromising fisheries. Progress in decreasing nitrogen and phosphorus pollution to surface water over the past two decades has been slow. Limited resources need to be leveraged efficiently and effectively to prioritize watersheds for restoration. Leveraging recent nitrogen and phosphorus inventories for the years 2002, 2007, and 2012, we extracted relevant flux and demand terms to help identify US subbasins that are likely contributing a disproportionate amount of point and non-point source nutrient pollution to surface water by exploring the mean spatial distribution of terrestrial anthropogenic surplus, agricultural surplus, agricultural nutrient use efficiency, and point source loads. A small proportion of the landscape, <25% of subbasin area of the United States, contains 50% of anthropogenic and agriculture nitrogen and phosphorus surplus while only 2% of landscape contributes >50% of point source loads into surface water. Point source loads are mainly concentrated in urban areas across the country with point source loading rates often exceeding >10.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and >1.0 kg P ha−1 yr−1. However, the ability for future upgrades to wastewater treatment plant infrastructure alone is unlikely to drive further improvement in water quality, outside of local water ways, since point source loads only account for ~4% of anthropogenic N and P surplus. As such, further progress in boosting nutrient use efficiency in agricultural production, usually lowest in areas of intensive livestock production, would likely contribute to the biggest gains to water quality restoration goals. This analysis and the corresponding database integrate multiple streams of information to highlight areas where N and P are being managed inefficiently to give decision makers a succinct platform to identify likely areas and sources of water quality degradation.
USA—California
Authors: Keene Alex Ruck , Epstein Bette 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The United States is a common law country. It is a federal republic of fifty states and a federal district. Laws affecting the protection of adults are predominantly made at state level. California has not adopted the Uniform Probate Code, the Uniform Power of Attorney Act, the Uniform Guardianship and Protective Proceedings Act, or the Uniform Adult Guardianship and Protective Proceedings Jurisdiction Act described in Chapters 24.
Applications for Planning Permission 1: Pre-Submission Requirements
Authors: Bowes Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Until fairly recently there was no standard form prescribed for the making of an application for planning permission. Each local planning authority could provide its own form for doing so. This led to a variation in the amount of information required by each authority, and was a concern for large-scale developers, such as volume house builders, where development projects could involve applications being made to many different local planning authorities.
Conditions
Authors: Bowes Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Almost all planning permissions that are granted are granted subject to conditions. It often happens that the problem with decisions relating to land use is not over the question of whether the development should be permitted at all, but on what terms it should be permitted. Conditions may be imposed, therefore, not only to enhance the quality of the development but to ameliorate any adverse effects that might otherwise flow from the development. In order to assist local planning authorities in the exercise of their power, extensive advice has been given to them by the Secretary of State. The latest policy advice is contained within paras 54–55 of the NPPF.
The Effect of Different Diameters of Fat Converters on Adipose Tissue and Its Cellular Components: Selection for Preparation of Nanofat
Authors: Qiu He , Jiang Yichen , Chen Chang , Wu Kelun , Wang Hang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Nanofat is an autologous product prepared mechanically from harvested fat. In nanofat grafting, converters are employed for mechanical emulsification to facilitate fat injection. To date, the study of different converters has received scant attention regarding whether they affect the characteristics of nanofat in terms of the practical applications and indications.

Objectives
The authors set out to investigate the influence of different internal diameters of converters on biological functionality of nanofat during shuffling.

Methods
The 3-dimensional finite element method was employed to simulate the process of mechanical emulsification of fat and to research the stress with 5 different converters (3.76 mm, 2.00 mm, 1.20 mm, 1.00 mm, 0.80 mm). An assessment of the morphology of emulsified fat was conducted. Isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was analyzed for cellular components, number, and viability through flowcytometry and live/ dead staining. Adipocytic and angiogenic differentiation assay allowed assessment of differentiation capacity of the SVF.

Results
The smaller the aperture of the converter, the greater the mechanical force on adipose tissue during mechanical emulsification, showing the different macroscopic and microscopic structure of the emulsified fat. No difference in viability or ratio of endothelial progenitor cells and other cells was found. Angiogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity of the SVF significantly changed in 5 different converters.

Conclusions
The mechanical emulsification from different apertures of converters exerts different effects of adipose tissue structure, cell content, and multipotency differentiation but not its viability. Converters with different apertures can be selected according to clinical needs.
Giant and dwarf females: how to explain the fourfold variation in body size and fecundity in Trichonephila senegalensis (Aranea: Nephilidae)
Authors: Lissowsky Nelli , Kralj-Fišer Simona , Schneider Jutta M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Variation in life-history traits within a population is caused by genetic, maternal and environmental factors. We explored the high variability in development time, adult body weight and fecundity in females of the sexually size dimorphic spider Trichonephila senegalensis. Their mothers originated from two habitats—strongly seasonal Namibia and mildly seasonal South Africa—and we reared F1 females under standardized laboratory conditions. We found that a considerable part of the variability in recorded life-history traits is caused by family-specific effects, comprising genetic, maternal and early environmental influences. Furthermore, we show population differences in development time, where females originating from Namibia matured within shorter periods than females from South Africa. Also, the relationship between development time and adult weight differs between the two populations, as a significant correlation is only found in females with Namibian origin. Against common wisdom, there was a weak overall correlation between adult weight and clutch mass. We also found that females make different life-history decisions under increasing rather than under decreasing daylength. Although a considerable part of variability in life-history traits is family-specific, we discuss how the between-population differences in life histories and their trade-offs reflect adaptation to diverse habitats.
Diel cycle in a farmland bird is shaped by contrasting predation and human pressures
Authors: Harmange Clément , Bretagnolle Vincent , Chabaud Nathan , Sarasa Mathieu , Pays Olivier 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In human-dominated landscapes, human disturbances may contrast (spatially and/or temporally) with risk imposed by non-human predators. However, how prey adjust behaviour to minimize risk from multiple threats remains unclear. In Central-Western France, we investigated patterns of activity, space and habitat use, and causes of variations during the diel cycle of the grey partridge (captive-reared, released), a farmland bird facing multiple risks (nocturnal predation, diurnal hunting pressure). We also investigated influence of individual space use, relative to risk-related features on the fate of birds. Birds adjusted their behaviours in ways consistent with the reduction of risk from nocturnal carnivores at night and hunters during daytime. We recorded bimodal crepuscular activity, likely explained by commuting movements between spatially-separated diurnal and nocturnal sites composed of different habitats: selection of open terrains and avoidance of predator reservoirs at night vs. use of high-vegetation cover during daytime. We observed space use differences between surviving, hunted and predated birds. Predation and hunting activities act as contrasting pressures, selecting birds based on their spatial behaviour, which has likely shaped diel adjustments at the population level. An improved consideration of temporal variation in environmental pressures would help to reliably address factors constraining populations, so increasing wildlife management efficiency.
ACTOR: a latent Dirichlet model to compare expressed isoform proportions to a reference panel
Authors: McCabe Sean D , Nobel Andrew B , Love Michael I 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe relative proportion of RNA isoforms expressed for a given gene has been associated with disease states in cancer, retinal diseases, and neurological disorders. Examination of relative isoform proportions can help determine biological mechanisms, but such analyses often require a per-gene investigation of splicing patterns. Leveraging large public data sets produced by genomic consortia as a reference, one can compare splicing patterns in a data set of interest with those of a reference panel in which samples are divided into distinct groups, such as tissue of origin, or disease status. We propose A latent Dirichlet model to Compare expressed isoform proportions TO a Reference panel (ACTOR), a latent Dirichlet model with Dirichlet Multinomial observations to compare expressed isoform proportions in a data set to an independent reference panel. We use a variational Bayes procedure to estimate posterior distributions for the group membership of one or more samples. Using the Genotype-Tissue Expression project as a reference data set, we evaluate ACTOR on simulated and real RNA-seq data sets to determine tissue-type classifications of genes. ACTOR is publicly available as an R package at https://github.com/mccabes292/actor.
Challenges Facing Social Work in the Indigenous Arab Minority in Israel: Voices from the Field
Authors: Mahajne Ibrahim , Allassad Alhuzail Nuzha , Bar-On Arnon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article identifies challenges to social work practice voiced by 43 Arab social workers in Israel, aimed at clarifying whether there is a need to indigenise their practice in Israel's hegemonic Jewish society in view of four challenges to their interventions that they identified: inappropriate professional training; insufficient knowledge of English as the international language of social work; local Arab authorities failure to recognise many welfare needs and social work’s role in mitigating them; and the unique situation of the country's Arab minority, such as restrictions on its contacts with colleagues in the Arab world. These challenges, in contrast to those that social workers face in the Arab world and in other non-‘Western’ countries, suggest that Arab social workers in Israel see little need to indigenise their practice.
Rohingya refugee resettlement as a community of practice
Authors: Cawley Buckley Morgan , Maher Helen , McDermott Stephanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe following article argues that community development practices in conjunction with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) resettlement process can be analysed and enhanced through the application of the Community of Practice social learning theory. This work is elucidated by critical reflections on community development by and with the Rohingya community in Ireland. Analysis of practices with this cohort is urgent given the wider context of the on-going humanitarian crisis in Myanmar. The Community of Practice here is conceptualised as the partners, stakeholders and agencies in addition to members of the Rohingya community that each practices community development. The article provides an overview of the resettlement process for the Rohingya before applying the model across its four components—community, practice, meaning and identity. Conclusions include the recognition that community development approaches of collaboration and partnership at the heart of the resettlement process equate to a Community of Practice model. This is described here as interdependent, in part, to distinguish this approach from the stated UNHCR goal of independence. Secondly, a longitudinal approach to strategy is supported by Community of Practice theory through processes of reiteration, reification and participation. Finally, Community of Practice theory informs concepts of identity and community to argue in favour of diverse and flexible goal setting.
Incorporating shared measurement in social change initiatives: benefits, challenges, and lessons learned
Authors: Judelsohn Alexandra , Hoey Lesli , Shapiro Lilly Fink , Colasanti Kathryn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Collective impact is increasingly being adopted as a systems-based approach for addressing complex social problems. Yet one of the critical components, shared measurement, remains challenging to implement (Hanleybrown, Kania and Kramer, 2012). Based around a common set of metrics, shared measurement is foundational to offering multi-organizational initiatives ongoing feedback that can allow them to share the lessons learned, make adjustments, and document the outcomes of their joint efforts. This paper examines the lessons practitioners have learned as they applied shared measurement strategies across diverse initiatives. We scrutinized food systems initiatives, in particular, hypothesizing that the complex, adaptive nature of food systems makes it more challenging to apply a commonly agreed upon set of measures in comparison to other sectors. Through seventeen semi-structured interviews, we found that interviewees shared similar perceptions about the multiple benefits of shared measurement whether they worked in food systems or other fields. Based on the major challenges they encountered, three primary lessons emerged about what it takes to establish a successful shared measurement system: trust across collaborating organizations, a streamlined process, and sufficient funding.
Reduction in Antibiotic Prescribing Attainable With a Gonococcal Vaccine
Authors: Kissler Stephen M , Mitchell Moriah , Grad Yonatan H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We estimated the fraction of antibiotic prescribing in the United States attributable to gonorrhea. Gonorrhea contributes to an outsized proportion of antibiotic prescriptions in young adults, males, and in the southern and western United States. A gonococcal vaccine could substantially reduce antibiotic prescribing in these populations.
Chimney reconstruction provides a wider subaortic space and reduces the risk of pulmonary artery compression in the Norwood-type aortic arch reconstruction without patch supplementation
Authors: Asada Satoshi , Yamagishi Masaaki , Maeda Yoshinobu , Itatani Keiichi , Fujita Shuhei , Hongu Hisayuki , Nakatsuji Hiroki , Yaku Hitoshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Pulmonary artery (PA) compression by the neoaorta is a serious complication after the Norwood-type palliation (NP) for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Either excess patch tailoring or limited use of autologous tissue may cause narrowing of the subaortic space. The chimney technique could theoretically provide a wide subaortic space.

METHODS
Twenty-nine patients with both pre- and post-NP computed tomography data available of the 37 consecutive patients who underwent NP in our institution were reviewed. Arch height, arch width, sinus of Valsalva diameter, area under the neoaortic arch and arch angle were measured. These patients were divided according to the neo-arch reconstruction technique, chimney reconstruction technique (CR) or conventional direct reconstruction technique (DR).

RESULTS
Median age and weight at NP were 2.1 months and 3.5 kg, respectively. Twenty-two patients underwent previous bilateral PA banding. During NP, 17 CR and 12 DR were performed. Four patients in the DR group developed PA compression. No neoaortic arch dilatation was found in either group. Post-NP arch width, area under the neo-arch and the arch angle were significantly larger in the CR group. Pre-NP arch height was significantly smaller in DR patients with PA compression than in those without.

CONCLUSIONS
The chimney technique decreased the risk of PA compression and provided a wider subaortic space and a less acute arch angle. This technique had no short-term effect on the neoaortic root. Small preoperative arch height is a potential risk factor for PA compression in DR, and the chimney technique could be an effective solution.
Longitudinal Relationship of Leisure Activity Engagement With Cognitive Performance Among Non-Demented, Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Armstrong Nicole M , Tom Sarah E , Harrati Amal , Casaletto Kaitlin , Pa Judy , Arce Rentería Miguel , Gu Yian , Rajan Kumar B , Schupf Nicole , Fieo Robert , Weuve Jennifer , Simonsick Eleanor M , Manly Jennifer J , Stern Yaakov , Zahodne Laura B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Leisure activity engagement (LAE) may reduce the risk of incident dementia. However, cognitive performance may predict LAE change. We evaluated the temporal ordering of overall and subtypes of LAE (intellectual, physical, and social) and cognitive performance (global, language, memory, and visuospatial function) among non-demented older adults.

Research Design and Methods
The Washington Heights–Inwood Columbia Aging Project concurrently administered a survey measure of 13 leisure activities and a neuropsychological battery every 18–24 months for up to 14 years to 5,384 racially and ethnically diverse participants. We used parallel process conditional latent growth curve models to examine temporal ordering in the overall sample and within baseline diagnostic groups (mild cognitive impairment [MCI] vs. cognitively normal).

Results
Levels and changes of overall and subtypes of LAE were positively correlated with cognitive performance in the overall sample and within each diagnostic group. In the overall sample, higher initial memory was associated with slower declines in social LAE (estimate = 0.019, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.001–0.037). Among MCI, higher initial physical LAE was associated with slower declines in memory (estimate = 0.034, 95% CI: 0.001–0.067), but higher initial intellectual LAE was related to steeper declines in visuospatial function (estimate = −0.028, 95% CI: −0.052 to −0.004). Among cognitively normal, higher initial memory was associated with slower declines in intellectual LAE (estimate = 0.012, 95% CI: 0.002−0.022).

Discussion and Implications
Dynamic interplay of LAE with cognitive performance was observed across diagnostic groups. Levels of LAE subtypes could be more predictive of change in certain cognitive domains within older adults with MCI.