bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of pyrolysis and gasification as waste to energy tools for low carbon economy
Authors: Porshnov Dmitry 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe paper aims to review the state of the art in the field of pyrolysis and gasification of waste and to identify approaches that can be prospective considering the upcoming transformation of society. The results show that the transition to a circular, low carbon economy will significantly change the composition of municipal wastes, making thermochemical approaches more and more competitive. However, it does not mean that pyrolysis and gasification will outperform incineration in the field of traditional waste to energy. Novel thermochemical waste management approaches must not be viewed as competitors, but rather as the successors of the traditional mass‐burn incineration. The transition to a circular, low carbon economy will result in an emergence of new needs, new products and thus in possibilities of new pyrolysis and gasification‐based business models different from the waste to energy concept. Negative emissions, energy storage, stabilization of renewable grids as well as renewable fuels must be mentioned as examples of such new products. Thus, thermochemical processing technologies should be embedded into the wider concept of circular, low carbon economy as the source of energy for recycling, a technology of tertiary recycling of synthetic polymers and as a way to transform nonrecyclable rejects into fuels, negative emissions, and other marketable products.This article is categorized under:
Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure
Predicting home sale prices: A review of existing methods and illustration of data stream methods for improved performance
Authors: Shi Donghui , Guan Jian , Zurada Jozef , Levitan Alan S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe need for accurate and unbiased assessment of residential real property has always been important not only to financial institutions lending on or holding such assets but also to municipalities that rely on property taxes as their critical source of revenue. The common methodology for predicting residential property sale price is based on traditional multiple regression in spite of known issues. Machine learning methods have been proposed as an alternative approach but the results are far from satisfactory. A review of existing studies and relevant issues can help researchers better assess the pros and cons of the approaches in this important stream of research and move the field forward. This article provides such a review. In our review, we have noticed that common to both the regression‐based methods and machine learning methods are the use of batch‐mode learning. Thus in addition to providing a review of recent research on batch‐based residential property prediction models, this article also explores a new approach to constructing residential property price prediction models by treating past sale records as an evolving data stream. The results of our study show that the data stream approach outperforms the traditional regression method and demonstrate the potential of data stream methods in improving prediction models for residential property prices.This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Business and IndustryTechnologies > Machine LearningTechnologies > Prediction
The tumor immune microenvironments of HPV+ and HPV− head and neck cancers
Authors: Gameiro Steven F. , Evans Andris M. , Mymryk Joe S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the etiological agent of a significant, and increasing, fraction of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC)—a heterogenous group of malignancies in the head and neck region. HPV infection accounts for approximately 25% of all cases, with the remainder typically caused by smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. These distinct etiologies lead to profound clinical and immunological differences between HPV‐positive (HPV+) and HPV‐negative (HPV−) HNSCC, likely related to the expression of exogenous viral antigens in the HPV+ subtype. Specifically, HPV+ HNSCC patients generally exhibit better treatment response compared to those with HPV− disease, leading to a more favorable prognosis, with lower recurrence rate, and longer overall survival time. Importantly, a plethora of studies have illustrated that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of HPV+ HNSCC has a strikingly distinct immune composition to that of its HPV− counterpart. The HPV+ TIME is characterized as being immunologically “hot,” with more immune infiltration, higher levels of T‐cell activation, and higher levels of immunoregulation compared to the more immunologically “cold” HPV− TIME. In general, cancers with an immune “hot” TIME exhibit better treatment response and superior clinical outcomes in comparison to their immune “cold” counterparts. Indeed, this phenomenon has also been observed in HPV+ HNSCC patients, highlighting the critical role of the TIME in influencing prognosis, and further validating the use of cancer therapies that capitalize on the mobilization and/or modulation of the TIME.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
The role of Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander‐Serving Institutions in reframing leadership education
Authors: Gogue Demeturie Toso‐Lafaele , Venturanza Rikka J. , Cuenza‐Uvas Aida , Nguyen Mike Hoa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLeadership education within postsecondary institutions has often failed to consider the ways in which Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) make sense of their leadership identity. This article explores the role that Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander‐Serving Institutions have in fostering AAPI leaders through culturally relevant practices and services that recognize and embrace students’ racial and ethnic backgrounds.
Block Factorization of the Relative Entropy via Spatial Mixing
Authors: Caputo Pietro , Parisi Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider spin systems in thed-dimensional lattice$${\mathbb Z} ^d$$Zdsatisfying the so-called strong spatial mixing condition. We show that the relative entropy functional of the corresponding Gibbs measure satisfies a family of inequalities which control the entropy on a given region$$V\subset {\mathbb Z} ^d$$V⊂Zdin terms of a weighted sum of the entropies on blocks$$A\subset V$$A⊂Vwhen eachAis given an arbitrary nonnegative weight$$\alpha _A$$αA. These inequalities generalize the well known logarithmic Sobolev inequality for the Glauber dynamics. Moreover, they provide a natural extension of the classical Shearer inequality satisfied by the Shannon entropy. Finally, they imply a family of modified logarithmic Sobolev inequalities which give quantitative control on the convergence to equilibrium of arbitrary weighted block dynamics of heat bath type.
Analysis of incidence and risk factors of the multidrug resistant gastrointestinal tract infection in children and adolescents undergoing allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation: a nationwide study
Authors: Salamonowicz-Bodzioch Małgorzata , Frączkiewicz Jowita , Czyżewski Krzysztof , Zając-Spychała Olga , Gorczyńska Ewa , Wróbel Grażyna , Kazanowska Bernarda , Sęga-Pondel Dorota , Węcławek-Tompol Jadwiga , Ussowicz Marek , Kałwak Krzysztof , Wysocki Mariusz , Dziedzic Magdalena , Wachowiak Jacek , Zaucha-Prażmo Agnieszka , Kowalczyk Jerzy , Goździk Jolanta , Styczyński Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this multi-center study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical course, and risk factors for bacterial multidrug-resistant (MDR) gastrointestinal tract infections (GTI) among children undergoing allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. A total number of 175 pediatric patients (aged 1–18 years), transplanted between January 2018 and December 2019, who were tested for bacterial colonization/infection were enrolled into this multi-center analysis. Episodes of MDR GTI occurred in 77/175 (44%) patients. In multivariate analysis for higher GTI incidence, the following factors were significant: matched-unrelated donor (MUD) transplantation, HLA mismatch, presence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and gut GVHD. The most common GTI were Clostridium difficile (CDI), multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli extended-spectrum β-lactamase), and Enterococcus HLAR (high-level aminoglycoside-resistant). No MDR GTI–attributed deaths were reported. MDR GTI is a frequent complication after HCT among children, causes prolonged hospitalization, but rarely contributes to death. We identified risk factors of MDR GTI development in children, with focus on GVHD and unrelated donor and HLA mismatch. We conclude that the presence of Clostridiales plays an important anti-inflammatory homeostatic role and decreases incidence of GVHD or alleviate its course.
Monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis: a patient survey on disease insight and possible added value of an innovative inflammation monitoring device
Authors: Wolkorte Ria , Heesink Lieke , Kip Michelle M. A. , Koffijberg Hendrik , Tabak Monique , Grünloh Christiane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo enable patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their healthcare professionals to choose the optimal treatment, it is crucial to accurately assess the current state of inflammatory activity. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the perspective of RA patients on their insight into the current status of their disease, and to (2) investigate the patients’ perspective on the possible added value of a monitoring device based on optical spectral transmission—called the HandScan—that measures the location and severity of joint inflammation. A survey was distributed online among patients with RA in the Netherlands. Four-hundred and eight patients with RA completed the survey. Of these, 298 (73%) felt they have sufficient insight into their current disease status. Most respondents perceived either a large (n = 242; 59%) or small (n = 148; 36%) added value of the HandScan in their monitoring process, mostly because the device provides additional knowledge on the presence of inflammation. This perceived added value was higher for respondents experienced with the device (n = 46; p = .04). Respondents preferred monitoring with the device on every (n = 192; 47%) or most (n = 171; 42%) visits to the outpatient clinic, or even more often than on every visit (n = 17; 4%). Monitoring RA using an optical spectral transmission device is seen by patients as a possibly valuable addition to the monitoring process of inflammatory activity during visits to an outpatient clinic. Their main reason was that the device can increase insight into their current disease status. More insight may support patients in discussing treatment options with their rheumatologist.
Spatial extent of precipitation events: when big is getting bigger
Authors: Matte Dominic , Christensen Jens H. , Ozturk Tugba 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing a sub-selection of regional climate models at 0.11° ($$\approx$$
≈
12 km) grid resolution from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble, we investigate how the spatial extent of areas associated with the most intensive daily precipitation events changes as a consequence of global warming. We address this by analysing three different warming levels: 1 °C, 2 °C and 3 °C. We find that not only does the intensity of such events increase, but their size will also change as a function of the warming: larger systems becomes more frequent and larger, while systems of lesser extent are reduced in numbers.
Are there predilection sites for intracranial meningioma? A population-based atlas
Authors: Hosainey Sayied Abdol Mohieb , Bouget David , Reinertsen Ingerid , Sagberg Lisa Millgård , Torp Sverre Helge , Jakola Asgeir Store , Solheim Ole 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Meningioma is the most common benign intracranial tumor and is believed to arise from arachnoid cap cells of arachnoid granulations. We sought to develop a population-based atlas from pre-treatment MRIs to explore the distribution of intracranial meningiomas and to explore risk factors for development of intracranial meningiomas in different locations. All adults (≥ 18 years old) diagnosed with intracranial meningiomas and referred to the department of neurosurgery from a defined catchment region between 2006 and 2015 were eligible for inclusion. Pre-treatment T1 contrast-enhanced MRI-weighted brain scans were used for semi-automated tumor segmentation to develop the meningioma atlas. Patient variables used in the statistical analyses included age, gender, tumor locations, WHO grade and tumor volume. A total of 602 patients with intracranial meningiomas were identified for the development of the brain tumor atlas from a wide and defined catchment region. The spatial distribution of meningioma within the brain is not uniform, and there were more tumors in the frontal region, especially parasagittally, along the anterior part of the falx, and on the skull base of the frontal and middle cranial fossa. More than 2/3 meningioma patients were females (p < 0.001) who also were more likely to have multiple meningiomas (p < 0.01), while men more often have supratentorial meningiomas (p < 0.01). Tumor location was not associated with age or WHO grade. The distribution of meningioma exhibits an anterior to posterior gradient in the brain. Distribution of meningiomas in the general population is not dependent on histopathological WHO grade, but may be gender-related.
Rumour prevention in social networks with layer 2 blockchains
Authors: Thakur Subhasis , Breslin John G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSocial bots can cause social, political, and economical disruptions by spreading rumours. The state-of-the-art methods to prevent social bots from spreading rumours are centralised and such solutions may not be accepted by users who may not trust a centralised solution being biased. In this paper, we developed a decentralised method to prevent social bots. In this solution, the users of a social network create a secure and privacy-preserving decentralised social network and may accept social media content if it is sent by its neighbour in the decentralised social network. As users only choose their trustworthy neighbours from the social network to be part of its neighbourhood in the decentralised social network, it prevents the social bots to influence a user to accept and share a rumour. We prove that the proposed solution can significantly reduce the number of users who are share rumour.
Dilution Versus Unfair Advantage: Myths and Realities
Authors: Basma Dima 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent developments in the commercial marketplace have rendered the classification of trademarks as mere tools for remedying information asymmetry and assuring quality inaccurate. The value of trademarks as communicative tools has increased, and they are now being used by their owners to transmit images, value propositions and associations to consumers in order to drive purchases. However, while this new function of trademarks is a reality that can hardly be ignored, finding a convincing normative justification to legally support its integration into the trademark system remains problematic. Thus, building on the normative justifications advanced by the European Union (EU) to justify extended trademark protection, this paper evaluates the dilutive harm theory, including blurring and tarnishment, in addition to the misappropriation rationale. The paper reviews EU case law in this respect and sheds light on the current muddled state of law in dealing with extended trademark protection. Based on this analysis, the paper offers a workable framework which can be utilized by courts to address cases related to modern trademark functions. The paper concludes that the misappropriation rationale should be the principal ground for extending trademark protection, and that harm resulting from blurring and tarnishment should act as an ancillary for misappropriation claims.
Explaining classification performance and bias via network structure and sampling technique
Authors: Espín-Noboa Lisette , Karimi Fariba , Ribeiro Bruno , Lerman Kristina , Wagner Claudia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSocial networks are very important carriers of information. For instance, the political leaning of our friends can serve as a proxy to identify our own political preferences. This explanatory power is leveraged in many scenarios ranging from business decision-making to scientific research to infer missing attributes using machine learning. However, factors affecting the performance and the direction of bias of these algorithms are not well understood. To this end, we systematically study how structural properties of the network and the training sample influence the results of collective classification. Our main findings show that (i) mean classification performance can empirically and analytically be predicted by structural properties such as homophily, class balance, edge density and sample size, (ii) small training samples are enough for heterophilic networks to achieve high and unbiased classification performance, even with imperfect model estimates, (iii) homophilic networks are more prone to bias issues and low performance when group size differences increase, (iv) when sampling budgets are small, partial crawls achieve the most accurate model estimates, and degree sampling achieves the highest overall performance. Our findings help practitioners to better understand and evaluate their results when sampling budgets are small or when no ground-truth is available.
Extreme Weather Events and Internal Migration: Evidence from Mongolia
Authors: Roeckert Julian , Kraehnert Kati 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article examines the effects of extreme weather events on internal migration in Mongolia. Our focus is on dzuds, extremely harsh winters characterized by very cold temperature, snowfall anomalies, and/or storms causing very high livestock mortality. We exploit exogenous variation in the intensity of extreme winter events across time and space to identify their causal impacts on permanent domestic migration. Our database is a time series of migration and population data at provincial and district level from official population registries, spanning the 1992-2018 period. Results obtained with a two-way fixed effects panel estimator show that extreme winter events cause significant and sizeable permanent out-migration from affected provinces for up to two years after an event. These effects are confirmed when considering net change rates in the overall population at the district level. The occurrence of extreme winter events is also a strong predictor for declines in the local population of pastoralist households, the socio-economic group most affected by those events. This suggests that the abandonment of pastoralist livelihoods is an important channel through which climate affects within-country migration.
Rural Older Adults in Disasters: A Study of Recovery From Hurricane Michael
Authors: Fletcher Patricia A. , Worthen Dreamal L. , McSweeney-Feld Mary Helen , Gibson Allison , Seblova Dominika , Pagán Lisandra , Troya M. Isabela , Fang Mei Lan , Owusu Brenda , Lane Charlene , Wada Mineko , Harrell Erin R. , Viana Aline 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:This study aims for a greater understanding of how older adults (age 65 and older) in Jackson County, Florida, are prepared for and cope with the effects of a natural disaster.Methods:A multidisciplinary, international research team developed a survey examining: (1) resources available to individuals aged 65+ in rural communities for preparing for a disaster; (2) challenges they face when experiencing a disaster; and (3) their physical, social, emotional, and financial needs when it strikes. The survey was administered with older adults (65+) in Jackson County, Florida, following Hurricane Michael in 2018. The descriptive, multivariate logistic, and linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between respondents’ demographic information and needs, concerns, and consequences of disaster.Results:Results indicated (n = 139) rural community-dwelling older adults rely on social support, community organizations, and trusted disaster relief agencies to prepare for and recover from disaster-related events.Conclusions:Such findings can be used to inform the development of new interventions, programs, policies, practices, and tools for emergency management and social service agencies to improve disaster preparedness and resiliency among older populations in rural communities.
Gender differences in dietary behaviours, health-related habits and prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Botswana
Authors: Letamo Gobopamang , Keetile Mpho , Navaneetham Kannan , Medupe Keitumetse 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess gender differences in the prevalence non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and in associated health-related habits, weight status and common risk factors in Botswana. Data were from the cross-sectional, population-based Botswana STEPS Survey II conducted in 2014. A total sample of 2947 survey participants aged 25–64 years were included the study. The results showed that a statistically significant higher percentage of men used tobacco compared with women (34.4%, 95% CI: 33.5–35.1 vs 4.4%, 95% CI: 4.3–4.5). Men also had consistently and statistically significantly greater heavy alcohol consumption and lower fruit and/or vegetable consumption than women. Physical inactivity among women was higher than in men. Controlling for other factors, men had a higher probability of being overweight (28.7%, 95% CI: 28.6–28.8 vs 18.3%, 95% CI: 18.0–18.6) and obese (25.8%, 95% CI: 25.4–26.2 vs 10.2%, 95% CI: 9.9–10.5) than women. Women were at a greater risk of developing NCDs compared with men since their adjusted prevalence of having at least three common risk factors was higher than men’s. Women had a higher adjusted predicted prevalence of suffering from hypertension than men (39.4%, 95% CI: 38.9–40.0 vs 26.1%, 95% CI: 25.5–26.8). Appropriate policies and programmes need to be adopted to urgently address the problem of NCDs in Botswana.