bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excess Mortality in Aspirin and Dipyrone (Metamizole) Co‐Medicated Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Polzin Amin , Dannenberg Lisa , Helten Carolin , Pöhl Martin , Metzen Daniel , Mourikis Philipp , Dücker Christof , Marschall Ursula , L’Hoest Helmut , Hennig Beata , Zako Saif , Trojovsky Kajetan , Petzold Tobias , Jung Christian , Levkau Bodo , Zeus Tobias , Schrör Karsten , Hohlfeld Thomas , Kelm Malte 
Published: November 2021

Background
Pain is a major issue in our aging society. Dipyrone (metamizole) is one of the most frequently used analgesics. Additionally, it has been shown to impair pharmacodynamic response to aspirin as measured by platelet function tests. However, it is not known how this laboratory effect translates to clinical outcome.

Methods and Results

We conducted a nationwide analysis of a health insurance database in Germany comprising 9.2 million patients. All patients with a cardiovascular event in 2014 and subsequent secondary prevention with aspirin were followed up for 36 months. Inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis was conducted to investigate the rate of mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke/transient ischemic attack between patients on aspirin‐dipyrone co‐medication compared with aspirin‐alone medication. Permanent aspirin‐alone medication was given to 26,200 patients, and 5946 patients received aspirin–dipyrone co‐medication. In the inverse probability of treatment weighted sample, excess mortality in aspirin–dipyrone co‐medicated patients was observed (15.6% in aspirin‐only group versus 24.4% in the co‐medicated group, hazard ratio [HR], 1.66 [95% CI, 1.56–1.76],
P
<0.0001). Myocardial infarction and stroke/transient ischemic attack were increased as well (myocardial infarction: 1370 [5.2%] versus 355 [5.9%] in aspirin‐only and co‐medicated groups, respectively; HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.05–1.32];
P
=0.0066, relative risk [RR], 1.14; number needed to harm, 140. Stroke/transient ischemic attack, 1901 [7.3%] versus 506 [8.5%] in aspirin‐only and co‐medicated groups, respectively; HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.11–1.35];
P
<0.0001, RR, 1.17, number needed to harm, 82).

Conclusions
In this observational, nationwide analysis, aspirin and dipyrone co‐medication was associated with excess mortality. This was in part driven by ischemic events (myocardial infarction and stroke), which occurred more frequently in co‐medicated patients as well. Hence, dipyrone should be used with caution in aspirin‐treated patients for secondary prevention.
Untreated Hypertension and Subsequent Incidence of Colorectal Cancer: Analysis of a Nationwide Epidemiological Database
Authors: Kaneko Hidehiro , Yano Yuichiro , Itoh Hidetaka , Morita Kojiro , Kiriyama Hiroyuki , Kamon Tatsuya , Fujiu Katsuhito , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Nishiyama Akira , Node Koichi , Bakris George , Miura Katsuyuki , Muntner Paul , Viera Anthony J. , Oparil Suzanne , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei 
Published: November 2021

Background
Studies of the association of hypertension with incident colorectal cancer (CRC) may have been confounded by including individuals taking antihypertensive medication, at high risk for CRC (ie, colorectal polyps and inflammatory bowel disease), or with shared risk factors (eg, obesity and diabetes). We assessed whether adults with untreated hypertension are at higher risk for incident CRC compared with those with normal blood pressure (BP), and whether any association is evident among individuals without obesity or metabolic abnormalities.

Methods and Results
Analyses were conducted using a nationwide health claims database collected in the JMDC Claims Database between 2005 and 2018 (n=2 220 112; mean age, 44.1±11.0 years; 58.4% men). Participants who were taking antihypertensive medications or had a history of CRC, colorectal polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. Each participant was categorized as having normal BP (systolic BP [SBP]<120 mm Hg and diastolic BP [DBP] <80 mm Hg, n=1 164 807), elevated BP (SBP 120–129 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg, n=341 273), stage 1 hypertension (SBP 130–139 mm Hg or DBP 80–89 mm Hg, n=466 298), or stage 2 hypertension (SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg, n=247 734). Over a mean follow‐up of 1112±854 days, 6899 incident CRC diagnoses occurred. After multivariable adjustment, compared with normal BP, hazard ratios for incident CRC were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.85–1.01) for elevated BP, 1.07 (95% CI, 0.99–1.15) for stage 1 hypertension, and 1.17 (95% CI, 1.08–1.28) for stage 2 hypertension. The hazard ratios for incident CRC for each 10‐mm Hg‐higher SBP or DBP were 1.04 (95% CI, 1.02–1.06) and 1.06 (95% CI, 1.03–1.09), respectively. These associations were present among adults who did not have obesity, high waist circumference, diabetes, or dyslipidemia.

Conclusions
Higher SBP and DBP, and stage 2 hypertension are associated with a higher risk for incident CRC, even among those without shared risk factors for CRC. BP measurement could identify individuals at increased risk for subsequent CRC.
Redescription of Triceracolax pagri Izawa, 2021 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Bomolochidae), with descriptions of copepodids IV and III of the species
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Triceracolax pagri Izawa, 2021 is redescribed on the basis of specimens of both sexes recovered from the bucco-branchial cavity of the original host, Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843). Both sexes of copepodid IV and the male copepodid III, collected together with the adults, are described for the first time, and sexually dimorphic features in late copepodid stages are discussed.
Influences of CAPE on Hail Production in Simulated Supercell Storms
Authors: Lin Yuzhu , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lasting updrafts are necessary to produce severe hail; conventional wisdom suggests that extremely large hailstones require updrafts of commensurate strength. Because updraft strength is largely controlled by convective available potential energy (CAPE), one would expect environments with larger CAPE to be conducive to storms producing larger hail. By systematically varying CAPE in a horizontally homogeneous initial environment, we simulate hail production in high-shear, high-instability supercell storms using Cloud Model 1 and a detailed 3D hail growth trajectory model. Our results suggest that CAPE modulates the updraft’s strength, width, and horizontal wind field, as well as the liquid water content along hailstones’ trajectories, all of which have a significant impact on final hail sizes. In particular, hail sizes are maximized for intermediate CAPE values in the range we examined. Results show a non-monotonic relationship between the hailstones’ residence time and CAPE due to changes to the updraft wind field. The ratio of updraft area to southerly wind speed within the updraft serves as a proxy for residence time. Storms in environments with large CAPE may produce smaller hail because the in-updraft horizontal wind speeds become too great, and hailstones are prematurely ejected out of the optimal growth region. Liquid water content (LWC) along favorable hailstone pathways also exhibits peak values for intermediate CAPE values, owing to the horizontal displacement across the midlevel updraft of moist inflow air from differing source levels. In other words, larger CAPE does not equal larger hail, and storm-structural nuances must be examined.
Clinical, Prognostic, and Predictive Value of Olfactory Dysfunction for COVID‐19: A Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: Kavaz Esra , Tahir Emel , Kurnaz Senem Çengel , Deveci Aydın , Tanyel Esra Aksakal 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of olfactory dysfunction on the course and severity of COVID‐19 and its prognostic and predictive significance for COVID‐19.Study DesignProspective case‐control study.SettingOndokuz Mayıs University School of Medicine.MethodsReverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–positive patients, patients with COVID‐19–related symptoms who had a negative PCR result, and healthy controls were included in the study. Clinicodemographic characteristics, inflammatory markers, and computed tomography stages were recorded. Disease progression and intensive care unit admission were registered. The visual analog scale (0, worst; 10, best) was used to evaluate subjective olfactory, taste, and nasal breathing ability, and the Sniffin’ Sticks identification (SS‐ID) test was used for psychophysical olfactory assessment.ResultsMean SS‐ID scores were significantly lower in the positive group (8.77) than in the negative (10.43) and healthy control (12.17) groups. VAS‐smell scores were significantly lower and anosmia was more prevalent in PCR‐positive patients (P <. 01). SS‐ID and VAS‐smell scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.681, P <. 001). The inflammatory parameters, pulmonary infiltration stage, disease progression, and ICU admission were not associated with SS‐ID scores. A cutoff SS‐ID score <9 resulted in 55.56% sensitivity in predicting COVID‐19 positivity, and a cutoff VAS‐smell score <8 yielded 72.22% sensitivity.ConclusionOlfactory dysfunction was detected objectively and subjectively in the PCR‐positive group, and no difference was found in terms of taste function and nasal breathing. The severity and prognosis of COVID‐19 are not exclusively dependent on olfactory dysfunction. The degree of olfactory dysfunction can be useful in predicting PCR positivity.
Feline parasites and the emergence of feline lungworm in the Portland metropolitan area, Oregon, USA 2016–2017
Authors: Bishop Greg T , DeBess Emilio 
Published: November 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of internal parasites in feral and free-roaming owned cats in the region of Portland, Oregon, USA. Methods Fecal samples from asymptomatic cats were opportunistically collected from feral cats presented for surgical sterilization (n = 46), as well as free-roaming owned cats (n = 86) presented to primary care clinics. Fecal analysis was performed using the Baermann technique, centrifugal flotation, fluorescent auramine and fluorescent antibody for Giardia species. Results Lungworm infection was identified in 24.2% of owned cats and 17.2% of feral cats. At least 11 unique parasite species were identified in this study. Taenia species and Toxocara cati were identified in higher proportions in feral cats, whereas Giardia species were significantly higher in owned cats. Conclusions and relevance The prevalence of lungworm was higher than has been previously documented in other areas of the USA. In addition, feral cats were infected with a higher percentage of Toxocara species and Taenia but a significantly lower percentage of Giardia species.
Prevention of recurrent thrombotic events in children with central venous catheter-associated venous thrombosis
Authors: Clark Helen Havens , Ballester Lance , Whitworth Hilary , Raffini Leslie , Witmer Char 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Central venous catheters (CVC) are the most significant risk factor for pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE). After an index CVC-associated VTE (CVC-VTE), the role of secondary prophylaxis for subsequent CVC placement is uncertain. Aims of this single-center retrospective study were to evaluate the efficacy of secondary prophylaxis for patients with a prior CVC-VTE and identify risk factors associated with recurrent VTE in patients less than 19 years with an index CVC-VTE between 2003 and 2013. Data collection included clinical and demographic factors, subsequent CVC placement, secondary prophylaxis strategy, recurrent VTE, and bleeding. Risk factors for recurrence and effectiveness of secondary prophylaxis were evaluated using survival and binomial models. Among 373 patients with an index CVC-VTE, 239 (64.1%) had subsequent CVC placement; 17.4% (65/373) of patients had recurrent VTE, of which 90.8% (59/65) were CVC-associated. On multivariable survival analysis, each additional CVC (hazards ratio [HR] 12.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.78-51.91), congenital heart disease (HR 3.70; 95% CI 1.97-6.95), and total parenteral nutrition dependence (HR 4.02; 95% CI 2.23-7.28) were associated with an increased hazard of recurrence. Full dose anticoagulation for secondary prophylaxis was associated with decreased odds of recurrent CVC-VTE (odds ratio [OR] 0.35; 95% CI 0.19-0.65) but not prophylactic dosing (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.28-1.30). Only 1.3% of CVCs experienced major bleeding with prophylactic or full-dose anticoagulation. In summary, children with CVC-VTE are at increased risk for recurrent VTE. Secondary prophylaxis with full-dose anticoagulation was associated with a 65% reduction in odds of thrombotic events.
Decreased IL-10 accelerates B-cell leukemia/lymphoma in a mouse model of pediatric lymphoid leukemia
Authors: Fitch Briana A. , Zhou Mi , Situ Jamilla , Surianarayanan Sangeetha , Reeves Melissa Q. , Hermiston Michelle L. , Wiemels Joseph L. , Kogan Scott C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExposures to a wide repertoire of common childhood infections and strong inflammatory responses to those infections are associated with the risk of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in opposing directions. Neonatal inflammatory markers are also related to risk by unknown mechanism(s). Here, we demonstrate that interleukin-10 (IL-10) deficiency, which is associated with childhood B-ALL, indirectly impairs B lymphopoiesis and increases B-cell DNA damage in association with a module of 6 proinflammatory/myeloid-associated cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-13, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β/CCL4, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor). Importantly, antibiotics attenuated inflammation and B-cell defects in preleukemic Cdkn2a−/−Il10−/− mice. In an ETV6-RUNX1+ (E6R1+) Cdkn2a−/− mouse model of B-ALL, decreased levels of IL-10 accelerated B-cell neoplasms in a dose-dependent manner and altered the mutational profile of these neoplasms. Our results illuminate a mechanism through which a low level of IL-10 can create a risk for leukemic transformation and support developing evidence that microbial dysbiosis contributes to pediatric B-ALL.
American Society of Hematology living guidelines on the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19: July 2021 update on postdischarge thromboprophylaxis
Authors: Cuker Adam , Tseng Eric K. , Nieuwlaat Robby , Angchaisuksiri Pantep , Blair Clifton , Dane Kathryn , Davila Jennifer , DeSancho Maria T. , Diuguid David , Griffin Daniel O. , Kahn Susan R. , Klok Frederikus A. , Lee Alfred Ian , Neumann Ignacio , Pai Ashok , Righini Marc , Sanfilippo Kristen M. , Siegal Deborah , Skara Mike , Terrell Deirdra R. , Touri Kamshad , Akl Elie A. , Al Jabiri Reyad Nayif , Al Jabiri Yazan Nayif , Barbara Angela M. , Bognanni Antonio , Bou Akl Imad , Boulos Mary , Brignardello-Petersen Romina , Charide Rana , Chan Matthew , Colunga-Lozano Luis E. , Dearness Karin , Darzi Andrea J. , Hussein Heba , Karam Samer G. , Kolb Philipp , Mansour Razan , Morgano Gian Paolo , Morsi Rami Z. , Muti-Schünemann Giovanna , Nadim Menatalla K. , Noori Atefeh , Philip Binu A. , Piggott Thomas , Qiu Yuan , Benitez Yetiani Roldan , Schünemann Finn , Stevens Adrienne , Solo Karla , Wiercioch Wojtek , Mustafa Reem A. , Schünemann Holger J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19–related acute illness is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).ObjectiveThese evidence-based guidelines of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) are intended to support patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals in decisions about the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19 who do not have confirmed or suspected VTE.MethodsASH formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel, including 3 patient representatives, and applied strategies to minimize potential bias from conflicts of interest. The McMaster University GRADE Centre supported the guideline development process, including performing systematic evidence reviews (up to March 2021). The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and patients. The panel used the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess evidence and make recommendations, which were subject to public comment.ResultsThe panel agreed on 1 additional recommendation. The panel issued a conditional recommendation against the use of outpatient anticoagulant prophylaxis in patients with COVID-19 who are discharged from the hospital and who do not have suspected or confirmed VTE or another indication for anticoagulation.ConclusionsThis recommendation was based on very low certainty in the evidence, underscoring the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials assessing the role of postdischarge thromboprophylaxis. Other key research priorities include better evidence on assessing risk of thrombosis and bleeding outcomes in patients with COVID-19 after hospital discharge.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-related metabolic syndrome/cystic fibrosis screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CRMS/CFSPID)
Authors: Sinha Aditi , Southern Kevin W. 
Published: November 2021

Newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) is an effective strategy for the early recognition of infants with a CF diagnosis. Some infants with a positive NBS result for CF have an inconclusive diagnosis and evidence suggests the number of these infants is increasing, as more extensive gene analysis is integrated into screening protocols. There is an internationally agreed, but complex, designation for infants with an unclear diagnosis after a positive screening result: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-related metabolic syndrome/cystic fibrosis screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CRMS/CFSPID). Infants with a CRMS/CFSPID designation have no clinical evidence of disease and do not meet the criteria for a CF diagnosis, but the NBS result indicates some risk of developing CF or a CFTR-related disorder. In this review, we describe the accurate designation of these and reflect on emerging management pathways, with particular attention given to clear and consistent communication.Educational aimsTo clarify the definition of the global harmonised designation: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-related metabolic syndrome (CRMS)/cystic fibrosis screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID).To understand what impact a CRMS/CFSPID result has for the patient and their family.
The genome of New Zealand trevally (Carangidae: Pseudocaranx georgianus) uncovers a XY sex determination locus
Authors: Catanach Andrew , Ruigrok Mike , Bowatte Deepa , Davy Marcus , Storey Roy , Valenza-Troubat Noémie , López-Girona Elena , Hilario Elena , Wylie Matthew J. , Chagné David , Wellenreuther Maren 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The genetic control of sex determination in teleost species is poorly understood. This is partly because of the diversity of mechanisms that determine sex in this large group of vertebrates, including constitutive genes linked to sex chromosomes, polygenic constitutive mechanisms, environmental factors, hermaphroditism, and unisexuality. Here we use a de novo genome assembly of New Zealand silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus) together with sex-specific whole genome sequencing data to detect sexually divergent genomic regions, identify candidate genes and develop molecular makers.

Results
The de novo assembly of an unsexed trevally (Trevally_v1) resulted in a final assembly of 579.4 Mb in length, with a N50 of 25.2 Mb. Of the assembled scaffolds, 24 were of chromosome scale, ranging from 11 to 31 Mb in length. A total of 28,416 genes were annotated after 12.8 % of the assembly was masked with repetitive elements. Whole genome re-sequencing of 13 wild sexed trevally (seven males and six females) identified two sexually divergent regions located on two scaffolds, including a 6 kb region at the proximal end of chromosome 21. Blast analyses revealed similarity between one region and the aromatase genes cyp19 (a1a/b) (E-value < 1.00E-25, identity > 78.8 %). Males contained higher numbers of heterozygous variants in both regions, while females showed regions of very low read-depth, indicative of male-specificity of this genomic region. Molecular markers were developed and subsequently tested on 96 histologically-sexed fish (42 males and 54 females). Three markers amplified in absolute correspondence with sex (positive in males, negative in females).

Conclusions
The higher number of heterozygous variants in males combined with the absence of these regions in females support a XY sex-determination model, indicating that the trevally_v1 genome assembly was developed from a male specimen. This sex system contrasts with the ZW sex-determination model documented in closely related carangid species. Our results indicate a sex-determining function of a cyp19a1a-like gene, suggesting the molecular pathway of sex determination is somewhat conserved in this family. The genomic resources developed here will facilitate future comparative work, and enable improved insights into the varied sex determination pathways in teleosts. The sex marker developed in this study will be a valuable resource for aquaculture selective breeding programmes, and for determining sex ratios in wild populations.
Sarcopenia is associated with decreased gray matter volume in the parietal lobe: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Yu Ji Hee , Kim Regina E. Y. , Jung Jin-Man , Park So Young , Lee Da Young , Cho Hyun Joo , Kim Nam Hoon , Yoo Hye Jin , Seo Ji A , Kim Sin Gon , Choi Kyung Mook , Baik Sei Hyun , Shin Chol , Kim Nan Hee 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Substantial evidence supports an association between physical activity and cognitive function. However, the role of muscle mass and function in brain structural changes is not well known. This study investigated whether sarcopenia, defined as low muscle mass and strength, accelerates brain volume atrophy.

Methods
A total of 1284 participants with sarcopenic measurements and baseline and 4-year follow-up brain magnetic resonance images were recruited from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Muscle mass was represented as appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by the body mass index. Muscle function was measured by handgrip strength. The low mass and strength groups were defined as being in the lowest quintile of each variable for one’s sex. Sarcopenia was defined as being in the lowest quintile for both muscle mass and handgrip strength.

Results
Of the 1284 participants, 12·6%, 10·8%, and 5·4% were classified as the low mass, low strength, and sarcopenia groups, respectively. The adjusted mean changes of gray matter (GM) volume during 4-year follow-up period were − 9·6 mL in the control group, whereas − 11·6 mL in the other three groups (P < 0·001). The significantly greater atrophy in parietal GM was observed in the sarcopenia group compared with the control group. In a joint regression model, low muscle mass, but not muscle strength, was an independent factor associated with a decrease of GM volume.

Conclusions
Sarcopenia is associated with parietal GM volume atrophy, in a middle-aged population. Maintaining good levels of muscle mass could be important for brain health in later adulthood.