bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the long-term aging of S-phase in aluminum alloy 2618A
Authors: Rockenhäuser Christian , Rowolt Christian , Milkereit Benjamin , Darvishi Kamachali Reza , Kessler Olaf , Skrotzki Birgit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aluminum alloy 2618A is applied for engine components such as radial compressor wheels which operate for long time at elevated temperatures. This results in coarsening of the hardening precipitates and degradation in mechanical properties during the long-term operation, which is not taken into account in the current lifetime prediction models due to the lack of quantitative microstructural and mechanical data. To address this issue, a quantitative investigation on the evolution of precipitates during long-term aging at 190 °C for up to 25,000 h was conducted. Detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was combined with Brinell hardness measurements and thorough differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. The results show that GPB zones and S-phase Al2CuMg grow up to < 1,000 h during which the GPB zones dissolve and S-phase precipitates form. For longer aging times, only S-phase precipitates coarsen, which can be well described using the Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner theory of ripening. A thorough understanding of the underlying microstructural processes is a prerequisite to enable the integration of aging behavior into the established lifetime models for components manufactured from alloy 2618A.
Implementation of Rock Typing on Waterflooding Process During Secondary Recovery in Oil Reservoirs: A Case Study, El Morgan Oil Field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Radwan Ahmed E. , Nabawy Bassem S. , Kassem Ahmed A. , Hussein Walid S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWaterflooding is one of the most common secondary recovery methods in the oil and gas industry. Globally, this process sometimes suffers a technical failure and inefficiency. Therefore, a better understanding of geology, reservoir characteristics, rock typing and discrimination, hydraulic flow units, and production data is essential to analyze reasons and mechanisms of water injection failure in the injection wells. Water injection failure was reported in the Middle Miocene Hammam Faraun reservoir at El Morgan oil field in the Gulf of Suez, where two wells have been selected as injector’s wells. In the first well (A1), the efficiency of injection was not good, whereas in the other analog A2 well good efficiency was assigned. Therefore, it is required to assess the injection loss in the low efficiency well, where all aspects of the geological, reservoir and production data of the studied wells were integrated to get a complete vision for the reasons of injection failure. The available data include core analysis data (vertical and horizontal permeabilities, helium porosity, bulk density, and water and oil saturations), petrographical studies injection and reservoir water chemistry, reservoir geology, production, and injection history. The quality of the data was examined and a set of reliableX–Yplots between the available data were introduced and the reservoir quality in both wells was estimated using reservoir quality index, normalized porosity index, and flow zone indicator. Integration and processing of the core and reservoir engineering data indicate that heterogeneity of the studied sequence was the main reason for the waterflooding inefficiency at the El Morgan A1 well. The best reservoir quality was assigned to the topmost part of the reservoir, which caused disturbance of the flow regime of reservoir fluids. Therefore, it is clearly indicated that rock typing and inadequate injection perforation strategy that has not been aligned with accurate hydraulic flow units are the key control parameters in the waterflooding efficiency.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Vertebral Fracture Risk
Authors: Koromani Fjorda , Ghatan Samuel , van Hoek Mandy , Zillikens M. Carola , Oei Edwin H. G. , Rivadeneira Fernando , Oei Ling 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to summarize the recently published evidence concerning vertebral fracture risk in individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Recent Findings
Vertebral fracture risk is increased in individuals with T2DM. The presence of vertebral fractures in T2DM is associated with increased non-vertebral fracture risk and mortality. TBS could be helpful to estimate vertebral fracture risk in individuals with T2DM. An increased amount of bone marrow fat has been implicated in bone fragility in T2DM. Results from two recent studies show that both teriparatide and denosumab are effective in reducing vertebral fracture risk also in individuals with T2DM.

Summary
Individuals with T2DM could benefit from systematic screening in the clinic for presence of vertebral fractures.
Lignin Synthesis Related Genes with Potential Significance in the Response of Upland Cotton to Fusarium Wilt Identified by Transcriptome Profiling
Authors: Hou Jianan , Zhao Fu’an , Yang Xiaojie , Li Wu , Xie Deyi , Tang Zhongjie , Lv Shuping , Nie Lihong , Sun Yao , Wang Mengmeng , Zhu Yajing , Bo Xiaopei , Zhang Qianwen , Zhao Yuanming , Fang Weiping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov) is a destructive soil-borne cotton disease. To profile the genes and pathways responding to Fov infection, we compared transcriptomic responses before and after F. oxysporum inoculation in a highly resistant cotton cultivar, Yumian21, and a highly susceptible cultivar, Jimian11. Although the overall gene expression pattern was downregulated in both cultivars, the global gene expression in the resistant cultivar was stronger than that in the susceptible cultivar. In addition, the expressed genes of two cultivars mostly differed in “cellular process,” “single-organism process,” “metabolic process,” and “response to stimulus” functional groups in the biological process Gene Ontology category: the upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEG) were largely enriched in the resistant cultivar, while the downregulated DEGs were largely enriched in the susceptible cultivar. Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism are the key metabolic pathways in cotton in response to Fov. We found that lignin plays a potential role in cotton resistance to Fov. Two coding genes, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase and peroxidase2, as well as the two transcription factors MYB46 and MYB86, are possibly involved in the accumulation and synthesis of lignin. Furthermore, the result showed that the quantification of lignin could be potentially used as a selection tool to identify Fusarium wilt resistant cotton.
Determining Real-Time Patterns of Lightning Strikes from Sensor Observations
Authors: Sibolla Bolelang H. , Van Zyl Terence , Coetzee Serena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTransient spatiotemporal events occur within a short interval of time, in a particular location. If such events occur unexpectedly with varying durations, frequencies, and intensities, they pose a challenge for near-real-time monitoring. Lightning strikes are examples of such events and they can have severe negative consequences, such as fires, or they precede sudden flash storms, which can result in damage to infrastructure, loss of Internet connectivity, interruption of electrical power supply, and loss of life or property. Furthermore, they are unexpected, momentary in occurrence, sometimes with high frequency and then again with long intervals between them, their intensity varies considerably, and they are difficult to trace once they have occurred. Despite their unpredictable and irregular nature, timely analysis of lightning events is crucial for understanding their patterns and behaviour so that any adverse effects can be mitigated. However, near-real-time monitoring of unexpected and irregular transient events presents technical challenges for their analysis and visualisation. This paper demonstrates an approach for overcoming some of the challenges by clustering and visualising data streams with information about lightning events during thunderstorms, in real time. The contribution is twofold. Firstly, we detect clusters in dynamic spatiotemporal lightning events based on space, time, and attributes, using graph theory, that is adaptive and does not prescribe number and size of clusters beforehand, and allows for use of multiple clustering criteria and thresholds, and formation of different cluster shapes. Secondly, we demonstrate how the space time cube can be used to visualise unexpected and irregular transient events. Along with the visualisation, we identify the interactive elements required to counter challenges related to visualising unexpected and irregular transient events through space time cubes.
Numerical and experimental investigation of defects formation during friction stir processing on AZ91
Authors: Agha Amini Fashami Hoda , Bani Mostafa Arab Nasrollah , Hoseinpour Gollo Mohammad , Nami Bahram 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The heat generated during friction stir processing greatly affects defects formation in the processed zone of workpieces. In this paper, numerical modeling of this process is performed to determine the influence of tool rotational and traverse speeds and hence their ratio on the thermal distribution attained during the process. The aim is to produce defect-free processed samples by selecting adequate tool speeds. The mechanisms of defects formation depending on the peak temperature are also investigated. Experiments to verify the simulation results were conducted with the same process parameters. Several traverse speeds of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mm/min and rotational speeds of 700, 1000, 1200, and 2000 rpm were used during modeling and conducting the experiments. From the numerical and experimental results, it was found that; the high-speed processing conditions (low-generated heat) can produce defects such as tunnels and grooves, and the low-speed processing conditions (high-generated heat) can cause defects such as flashes. The experimental results show that during friction stir processing with the rotational speed of 1200 rpm and the traverse speed of 60 mm/min (speed ratio of 20), no macro defects in the processed zone were observed. According to the numerical results, the peak temperature during friction stir processing with these speeds was 475 °C. At this temperature, the material softened, the structure finely equiaxed and no large scale melting zone appeared in the processed zone. The developed model can be useful to investigate the occurrence of defects associated with different tool rotational and traverse speeds.

Graphic abstract
Piperazine-substituted derivatives of favipiravir for Nipah virus inhibition: What do in silico studies unravel?
Authors: Lipin Raju , Dhanabalan Anantha Krishnan , Gunasekaran Krishnasamy , Solomon Rajadurai Vijay 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFavipiravir is found to show excellent in-vitro inhibition activity against Nipah virus. To explore the structure–property relationship of Favipiravir, in silico designing of a series of piperazine substituted Favipiravir derivatives are attempted and computational screening has been done to evaluate its bimolecular interactions with Nipah virus. The geometrical features of all the molecules have been addressed from Density Functional Theory calculations. Chemical reactivity descriptor analysis was carried out to understand various reactivity parameters. The drug-likeness properties were estimated by a detailed ADMET study. The binding ability and the mode of binding of these derivatives into the Nipah virus are obtained from molecular docking studies. Our calculations show greater binding ability for the designed inhibitors compared to that of the experimentally reported molecule. Overall, the present work proves to offers new insights and guidelines for synthetic chemists to develop new drugs using piperazine substituted Favipiravir in the treatment of Nipah virus.
Changes in the Vaginal Microbiome during the Pregnancy to Postpartum Transition
Authors: Nunn Kenetta L. , Witkin Steven S. , Schneider G. Maria , Boester Allison , Nasioudis Dimitrios , Minis Evelyn , Gliniewicz Karol , Forney Larry J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSubstantial changes in the composition of the vaginal microbiome occur following the end of pregnancy. To identify potential drivers of microbiome changes in individual women during the pregnancy to postpartum transition, we evaluated vaginal samples from 48 pregnant women during their first and third trimesters and postpartum. We determined the species composition of vaginal communities and the vaginal fluid levels of compounds involved in mediating changes in host physiology and the immune system at each time point. We used linear mixed-effects models to characterize associations. Consistent with previous reports, but with a larger sample size, a US population, and variations in the dominant bacteria, the vaginal microbiome was found to be more diverse during the postpartum period. There was a lower abundance of Lactobacillus and significantly higher proportions of Streptococcus anginosus and Prevotella bivia. Moreover, we uniquely demonstrated that postpartum vaginal secretions were also altered postpartum. There were elevated levels of hyaluronan and Hsp70 and decreased levels of the D- and L-lactic acid isomers. We posit that these variations are consequences of alterations in the vagina after delivery that profoundly alter the host environment and, thus, lead to changes in the capability of different bacterial species to survive and proliferate.
Examining Online Traffic Patterns to Popular Direct-To-Consumer Websites for Evaluation and Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Wackerbarth Joel J. , Fantus Richard J. , Darves-Bornoz Annie , Hehemann Marah C. , Helfand Brian T. , Keeter Mary Kate , Brannigan Robert E. , Bennett Nelson E. , Halpern Joshua A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Direct-to-consumer (DTC) Internet-based prescription and pharmacy platforms offer electronic consultation for evaluation and pharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) without a physical exam or in-person visit, presenting a potentially dramatic shift in care for this condition.

Aim
To characterize the extent to which DTC prescribing sites for ED generate traffic and attract individual users.

Methods
Using SEMRush, a marketing software platform that provides analytics regarding website traffic, we examined online site visits to 6 major DTC prescribing websites offering ED evaluation and treatment from October 2017 through December 2019.

Outcomes
We recorded trends in the number of unique visitors over time, visitor referral patterns, and the proportion of overall visitors to individual sites.

Results
During the study period, the total number of unique, quarterly visitors increased by 1,688% from 655,733 in the 4th quarter (Q4) 2017 to over 11 million in Q4 2019. In 2019, there were on average 4,971,674 visits to all sites combined each month. For the 2 largest sites (Hims and Roman), visitors predominantly reached the site via direct web address (27.3%) or search engine referral (27.3%).

Clinical implications
An increasingly large number of potential patients are utilizing DTC prescribing platforms for the diagnosis and treatment of ED, which do not require physical exams or treatment of other comorbid conditions.

Strength & Limitations
Demonstrates high demand for ED DTC prescribing services using independent market research software and characterizes the number of visits for the first time. Limitations include the lack of individual demographics and lack of information regarding what proportion of unique visits lead to evaluation and treatment using the services.

Conclusion
The dramatic increase in visits to DTC prescribing sites that treat ED represents a paradigm shift in ED care, and it is imperative that clinicians and researchers work to understand how patients utilize online telemedicine, the safety and efficacy of online management of ED, and the potential downstream implications of its widespread use.
Shedding light in otolaryngology: A brief history on the surgical tools of visualization and access
Authors: Berryhill McCarty E. , Frost Ariel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVisualization and access. Historically, these have been the two major factors that have limited advancement in the field of Otolaryngology. No other surgical specialty deals with anatomical challenges quite like those presented by the structures of the head and neck. Otolaryngology is a field of dark cavities, complex and miniscule structures, and awkward angles. The aim of this article is to briefly explore how Otolaryngologists have historically met these challenges, with a specific focus on technological advancements in illumination, visualization, and access. From mirrors reflecting candlelight to fiberoptic illuminated scopes, from bamboo nasal speculums to Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS), tracing the historical arc of these technologies highlights the innovative spirit that has come to define the field of Otolaryngology.
Verlinde formulae on complex surfaces: K-theoretic invariants
Authors: Göttsche L. , Kool M. , Williams R. A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We conjecture a Verlinde type formula for the moduli space of Higgs sheaves on a surface with a holomorphic 2-form. The conjecture specializes to a Verlinde formula for the moduli space of sheaves. Our formula interpolates between K-theoretic Donaldson invariants studied by Göttsche and Nakajima-Yoshioka and K-theoretic Vafa-Witten invariants introduced by Thomas and also studied by Göttsche and Kool. We verify our conjectures in many examples (for example, on K3 surfaces).
Log -modules and index theorems
Authors: Wu Lei , Zhou Peng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study log

$\mathscr {D}$

-modules on smooth log pairs and construct a comparison theorem of log de Rham complexes. The proof uses Sabbah’s generalized b-functions. As applications, we deduce a log index theorem and a Riemann-Roch type formula for perverse sheaves on smooth quasi-projective varieties. The log index theorem naturally generalizes the Dubson-Kashiwara index theorem on smooth projective varieties.
The use of biofeedback intervention in the improvement of depression levels: a randomised trial
Authors: Maynart Willams Henrique da Costa , Albuquerque Maria Cicera dos Santos de , Santos Regina Célia Sales , Sarmento Patrícia de Albuquerque , Silva Jadelson Júnior da , Costa Christine de Sousa Gomes , Santos Jessica Diodino da Silva , Pontes Crislane de Oliveira , Barros Marcela Cristina dos Santos , Belo Flaviane Maria Pereira , Costa Christefany Régia Braz , Cabral Júnior Cyro Rego 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the use of biofeedback intervention in the levels of depression. The main hypothesis tested if the use of biofeedback improves depression levels compared to the control group.Methods:A randomised clinical trial. The final sample was composed of 36 participants (18 in the experimental group, receiving 6 training, once a week, with biofeedback; and 18 in the control group, who received conventional treatment in the service).Outcome measures were assessed in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The research used the following instruments: demographic survey data, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0.0 and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The factors and variables were presented in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05) was used to verify the existence of an association between the counting variables. The multinomial logistic regression model was adopted, and the Logit link function was used, as the software RStudio version 3.6.2.Results:The factors that remained in the final model were group, sex, partner, atypical antidepressant, benzodiazepines, mood stabiliser, antiepileptic and antihistamine, according to the levels of depression based on the BDI. The group that did not receive biofeedback intervention had 16 times more chances of increasing the depression levels compared to participants in the experimental group.Conclusion:The use of biofeedback reduces depression, thus, representing a complementary alternative for the treatment of moderate and severe depression, and dysthymia.
Women Thinkers and the Canon of International Thought: Recovery, Rejection, and Reconstitution
Authors: HUTCHINGS KIMBERLY , OWENS PATRICIA 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCanons of intellectual “greats” anchor the history and scope of academic disciplines. Within international relations (IR), such a canon emerged in the mid-twentieth century and is almost entirely male. Why are women thinkers absent from IR’s canon? We show that it is not due to a lack of international thought, or that this thought fell outside established IR theories. Rather it is due to the gendered and racialized selection and reception of work that is deemed to be canonical. In contrast, we show what can be gained by reclaiming women’s international thought through analyses of three intellectuals whose work was authoritative and influential in its own time or today. Our findings question several of the basic premises underpinning IR’s existing canon and suggest the need for a new research agenda on women international thinkers as part of a fundamental rethinking of the history and scope of the discipline.
Geology of the recently discovered massive and stockwork sulphide mineralization at Semblana, Rosa Magra and Monte Branco, Neves–Corvo mine region, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal
Authors: Pereira Zélia , Matos João X. , Solá A. Rita , Batista Maria João , Salgueiro Rute , Rosa Carlos , Albardeiro Luís , Mendes Márcia , Morais Igor , de Oliveira Daniel , Pacheco Nelson , Araújo Vitor , Castelo Branco José M. , Neto Rodrigo , Lains Amaral João , Inverno Carlos , Oliveira José T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe recently discovered massive and stockwork sulphide mineralization of Semblana-Rosa Magra and Monte Branco, situated ESE of the Neves–Corvo volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) is presented. Geological setting and tectonic model is discussed based on proxies such as palynostratigraphy and U–Pb zircon geochronology. The mineralization is found within the IPB Volcano-Sedimentary Complex (VSC) Lower sequence, which includes felsic volcanic rocks (rhyolites) with U–Pb ages in zircons of 359.6 ± 1.6 Ma, and black shales of the Neves Formation of late Strunian age. Massive sulphides are enveloped by these shales, implying that felsic volcanism, mineralization and shale sedimentation are essentially coeval. This circumstance is considered highly prospective, as it represents an important exploration vector to target VMS mineralization across the IPB, in areas where the Lower VSC sequence is present. The Upper VSC sequence, with siliciclastic and volcanogenic sedimentary rocks of middle–late Visean age, shows no massive mineralization but a late Tournaisian (350.9 ± 2.3 Ma) volcanism with disseminated sulphides was also identified. Nevertheless, stratigraphic palynological gaps were found within the Strunian and in the Tournaisian sediments, between the Lower and Upper VSC sequences, reflecting probable erosion and uplift mechanisms linked with extensional tectonics. The Semblana and Monte Branco deposits and the Rosa Magra stockwork are enclosed by tectonic sheets that dismembered the VSC sequence in a fold-and-thrust tectonic complex, characteristic of the NE Neves–Corvo region. The methodologies used allow a geological comparison between Neves–Corvo and other IPB mine regions such as Lousal–Caveira, Herrerias, Tharsis and Aznalcollar.