bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Variability Phonetic Training Benefits Lexical Tone Perception: An Investigation on Mandarin-Speaking Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ding Hongwei , Zhang Yang 
Published: June 2021

PurposeLexical tone perception is known to be persistently difficult for individuals with cochlear implants (CIs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of high-variability phonetic training (HVPT) in improving Mandarin tone perception for native-speaking children with CIs.MethodA total of 28 Mandarin-speaking pediatric CI recipients participated in the study. Half of the children with CIs received a five-session HVPT within a period of 3 weeks. Identification and discrimination of lexical tones produced by familiar talkers (used during training) and novel talkers (not used during training) were measured before, immediately after, and 10 weeks after training termination. The other half untrained children served as control for the identical pre- and posttests.ResultsLexical tone perception significantly improved in both trained identification task and untrained discrimination task for the trainees. There was also a significant effect in transfer of learning to perceiving tones produced by novel talkers. Moreover, training-induced gains were retained for up to 10 weeks after training. By comparison, no significant pre–post changes were observed in the control group.ConclusionThe results provide the first systematical assessment for the efficacy of the HVPT protocol for Mandarin-speaking pediatric CI users with congenital hearing loss, which supports the clinical utility of intensive short-term HVPT in these children's rehabilitative regimens.
Learning discriminative representation with global and fine‐grained features for cross‐view gait recognition
Authors: Xiao Jing , Yang Huan , Xie Kun , Zhu Jia , Zhang Ji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we examine the cross‐view gait recognition problem. Many existing methods establish global feature representation based on the whole human body shape. However, they ignore some important details of different parts of the human body. In the latest literature, positioning partial regions to learn fine‐grained features has been verified to be effective in human identification. But they only consider coarse fine‐grained features and ignore the relationship between neighboring regions. Taken the above insights together, we propose a novel model called GaitGP, which learns both important details through fine‐grained features and the relationship between neighboring regions through global features. Our GaitGP model mainly consists of the following two aspects. First, we propose a Channel‐Attention Feature Extractor (CAFE) to extract the global features, which aggregates the channel‐level attention to enhance the spatial information in a novel convolutional component. Second, we present the Global and Partial Feature Combiner (GPFC) to learn different fine‐grained features, and combine them with the global features extracted by the CAFE to obtain the relevant information between neighboring regions. Experimental results on the CASIA gait recognition dataset B (CASIA‐B), The OU‐ISIR gait database, multi‐view large population dataset, and The OU‐ISIR gait database gait datasets show that our method is superior to the state‐of‐the‐art cross‐view gait recognition methods.
Automated alignment in mask‐free photolithography enabled by micro‐LED arrays
Authors: Stonehouse M. , Blanchard A. , Guilhabert B. , Zhang Y. , Gu E. , Watson I. M. , Herrnsdorf J. , Dawson M. D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present an automated control system for micro scale positioning, based on single pixel imaging and fluorescence. By projecting a chequerboard array of CMOS controllable μ‐LEDs at a suitable wavelength, we are able to spatially locate, track and automatically align to fluorescent markers. Positioning is demonstrated with accuracy on the order of 20 μm. We present a maskless photo‐lithography system using the automated control capability and a second μ‐LED array to photo‐cure customisable structures in photoresist with alignment referenced to the fluorescent markers.
Closed‐loop fast primary frequency‐response of type‐3 wind power plants in low inertia grids
Authors: Nasirpour Negin , Madani Seyed M. , Niroomand Mehdi , Muljadi Eduard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a frequency‐control scheme for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)‐based (Type‐3) wind turbines to improve the primary‐frequency‐control when the grid power balance is disturbed. The increasing penetration level of renewable energy sources, like wind power plants, reduces the total available inertia of modern grids, which deteriorate the frequency response in case of sudden power‐mismatches. The proposed closed‐loop participation of wind power plant interacts with the thermal units to reduce the frequency nadir and frequency settling‐time, during the inertial and primary stages. The designed disturbance observer decreases the uncertainties in the estimation of grid parameters, which results in robust PI performance in adjusting the ancillary power provided by wind turbines. Certain measures considered within the control loop to limit the rate‐of‐change‐of‐frequency within the permissive range to avoid the protective relays tripping. Comparative simulations studies on modified IEEE 9‐bus and 68‐bus test systems verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.
Spectral and angular differential imaging with SPHERE/IFS
Authors: Kiefer S. , Bohn A. J. , Quanz S. P. , Kenworthy M. , Stolker T. 
Published: June 2021

Context. Direct imaging of exoplanets is a challenging task that requires state-of-the-art instrumentation and advanced image-processing techniques. Differential imaging techniques have proven useful for the detection of exoplanet companions around stars. Angular differential imaging (ADI) and spectral differential imaging (SDI) are commonly used for direct detection and characterisation of young, Jovian exoplanets in datasets obtained with the SPHERE/IFS instrument.
Aims. We compare the performance of ADI, SDI, and three combinations of ADI and SDI to find which technique achieves the highest signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), and we analyse their performance as functions of integration time, field rotation, and wavelength range.
Methods. We analyse SPHERE/IFS observations of three known exoplanets, namely β Pictoris b, 51 Eridani b, and HR 8799 e, with five differential imaging techniques. We split the datasets into subsets to vary each parameter before the data are processed with each technique. The differential imaging techniques are applied using principal component analysis (PCA).
Results. The tests show that a combination of SDI and ADI consistently achieves better results than ADI alone, and using SDI and ADI simultaneously (combined differential imaging; CODI) achieved the best results. The integration time test shows that targets with a separation larger than 0.24 arcsec observed with an integration time of more than 103 s were photon-noise limited. Field rotation shows a strong correlation with S/N for field rotations up to 1 full width at half maximum (FWHM), after which no significant increase in S/N with field rotation is observed. Wavelength range variation shows a general increase in S/N for broader wavelength ranges, but no clear correlation is seen.
Conclusions. Spectral information is essential to boost S/N compared to regular ADI. Our results suggest that CODI should be the preferred processing technique to search for new exoplanets with SPHERE/IFS. To optimise direct-imaging observations, the field rotation should exceed 1 FWHM to detect exoplanets at small separations.
Fonction masticatrice : quelques notions fondamentales utiles en clinique
Authors: Kolf Jacqueline , Raymond Jean-Louis 
Published: June 2021

Un certain nombre de travaux de recherche fondamentale montrent l’influence de la mastication sur le développement des arcades dentaires et son implication probable dans certaines dysmorphoses.Leur connaissance peut être utile à l’orthodontiste au moment d’entreprendre son traitement.
Partial differential equations for oceanic artificial intelligence
Authors: Guillot Jules , Koenig Guillaume , Minbashian Kadi , Frénod Emmanuel , Flourent Héléne , Brajard Julien 
Published: June 2021

The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) plays a significant role in analyzing and assessing the dynamics of weather and also biological systems. It has various applications such as weather forecasting or planning of coastal activities. On the one hand, standard physical methods for forecasting SST use coupled ocean- atmosphere prediction systems, based on the Navier-Stokes equations. These models rely on multiple physical hypotheses and do not optimally exploit the information available in the data.
On the other hand, despite the availability of large amounts of data, direct applications of machine learning methods do not always lead to competitive state of the art results. Another approach is to combine these two methods: this is data-model coupling. The aim of this paper is to use a model in another domain. This model is based on a data-model coupling approach to simulate and predict SST. We first introduce the original model. Then, the modified model is described, to finish with some numerical results.
Komplementinhibitoren: neue Therapeutika – neue Indikationen
Authors: Höchsmann Britta , Körper Sixten , Schrezenmeier Hubert 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Komplementsystem, ein klassisch transfusionsmedizinisches Thema, hat in den letzten Jahren in allen Bereichen der Medizin an Bedeutung gewonnen. Komplementinhibitoren werden aufgrund eines besseren Verständnisses der Pathophysiologie unterschiedlicher Erkrankungen in einem sich stetig erweiternden Krankheitsspektrum eingesetzt. Dieses reicht von typisch komplementassoziierten Erkrankungen wie der PNH (paroxysmale nächtliche Hämoglobinurie) bis hin zu akuten Krankheitsbildern mit einer Fehlregulation des Komplementsystems, wie COVID-19.
Aktualisierte Kriterien des Deutschen Konsortiums Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs zur Klassifizierung von Keimbahn-Sequenzvarianten in Risikogenen für familiären Brust- und Eierstockkrebs
Authors: Hauke Jan , Wappenschmidt Barbara , Faust Ulrike , Niederacher Dieter , Wiesmüller Lisa , Schmidt Gunnar , Groß Evi , Meindl Alfons , Gehrig Andrea , Sutter Christian , Ramser Juliane , Rump Andreas , Arnold Norbert 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Deutsche Konsortium für Familiären Brust- und Eierstockkrebs (GC-HBOC) etablierte vor über 10 Jahren eine Expertengruppe (VUS Task Force), um die von Einzelzentren des GC-HBOC an die zentrale Datenbank in Leipzig gemeldeten Genvarianten hinsichtlich ihrer Klassifizierung zu überprüfen und ggf. nach aktueller Datenlage neu einzustufen. Die innerhalb der VUS Task Force konsentierten Variantenbewertungen und resultierenden Klassifizierungen werden in einer zentralen Datenbank (Heredicare) hinterlegt. Sie sind als Grundlage zu berücksichtigen, um eine einheitliche Bewertung bereits bekannter wie auch neu identifizierter Varianten innerhalb des GC-HBOC zu gewährleisten. Die standardisierte VUS-Bewertung durch die VUS Task Force ist ein zentrales Element des vom GC-HBOC ebenfalls etablierten Recall-Systems. Dieses dient der Weitergabe der Informationen an die genetischen Berater der in den Zentren betreuten Familien im Falle einer aufgrund neuer Erkenntnisse aktualisierten Bewertung bereits klassifizierter Varianten. Die mit international etablierten Bewertungsverfahren (IARC, ACMG, ENIGMA) harmonisierten Bewertungsalgorithmen der VUS Task Force werden in diesem Artikel anhand der zugrunde liegenden Entscheidungskriterien präsentiert, die mittels eines priorisierenden Fließschemas zum Klassifizierungsergebnis führen. Weiterhin werden genspezifische Regelungen und Besonderheiten, die für einzelne mit Brust- und/oder Eierstockkrebs assoziierte Risikogene zu berücksichtigen sind, in einzelnen Unterkapiteln dargelegt. Um dem Umfang und der Dynamik des aktuellen Wissens zur Variantenbewertung gerecht zu werden, sind neben umfangreichen Literaturverweisen insbesondere auch die URLs von relevanten Datenbanken angegeben. In Zukunft sollen die an neue Erkenntnisse angepassten Kriterien auf der Webseite des GC-HBOC (https://www.konsortium-familiaerer-brustkrebs.de/) veröffentlicht werden und als Grundlage für die automatisierte Bewertung von Varianten dienen. Dies ist Bestandteil des durch die Deutsche Krebshilfe geförderten Forschungsvorhabens HerediVar. Des Weiteren werden die so vom Expertengremium bewerten Varianten zukünftig in der ClinVar-Datenbank hinterlegt, um sie international zugänglich zu machen.
Schlaf und Schlafstörungen bei Demenzerkrankungen
Authors: Frohnhofen Helmut , Mayer Geert , Gronewold Janine 
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?
Gestörter Schlaf bei Demenz Fast jeder Demenzkranke hat einen gestörten Schlaf. Das Spektrum der Schlafstörungen ist sehr breit. Die Behandlung von Schlafstörungen ist auch bei Demenzkranken zunächst nichtpharmakologisch. Die Evidenz für eine Pharmakotherapie ist sehr gering und nur für retardiertes Melatonin und Trazodon belegt.
Behandlung von Schlafstörungen bei Patienten mit Demenz Neben Allgemeinmaßnahmen mit optimaler Behandlung von Komorbiditäten hat die Verhaltenstherapie einen hohen Stellenwert. Medikamente zur Therapie einer Schlafstörung können mit klarer Zielsetzung verordnet werden, sollten aber hinsichtlich der Notwendigkeit der Verordnung immer wieder überprüft werden. Die aktive Suche nach und die Behandlung von Schlafstörungen sollte bei Demenzkranken immer erfolgen.
Fetale und neonatale Alloimmunthrombozytopenie, Teil 2
Authors: Sachs Ulrich J. , Bedei Ivonne , Wienzek-Lischka Sandra , Cooper Nina , Ehrhardt Harald , Axt-Fliedner Roland , Bein Gregor 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie fetale und neonatale Alloimmunthrombozytopenie (FNAIT) wird durch mütterliche Antikörper hervorgerufen, die gegen ein vom Vater ererbtes Blutgruppenmerkmal an fetalen Thrombozyten gerichtet sind. Während Teil 1 des Beitrags Ausgabe die Ätiologie, die Pathogenese und die Diagnostik der FNAIT thematisiert hatte, widmet sich dieser 2. Teil der Risikostratifizierung und Behandlung 1.
Post-Traumatic Subfrontal with Orbital Extradural Hematoma and Proptosis (Unusual Presentation Managed with Needle Aspiration) A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Raj Sumit , Chouksey Pradeep , Shrivastava Adesh , Mishra Rakesh , Prakash Manas , Agrawal Amit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtradural hematoma (EDH) is a common intracranial pathology following motor vehicle accidents, comprising approximately 0.2 to 6% of all head injuries. The association of EDH with subperiosteal intraorbital hematomas is rarely reported. We report a case of a traumatic subfrontal EDH with subperiosteal hematoma (orbital EDH) successfully treated with needle aspiration, demonstrating that in appropriate patients, needle aspiration can result in the resolution of symptoms without an invasive procedure.
Protectionism through legislative layering: Implications for auditors and investors
Authors: Alon Anna , Kim Oksana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProtectionism is on the rise. Although it tends to be associated with tariffs on imports, governments are increasingly applying other mechanisms to influence international business. Import substitution initiatives have been used to replace purchases from foreign producers with local alternatives. Russia implemented import substitution through legislative layering where layers of regulation created requirements targeting different industries and companies. Following sanctions imposed in 2014 on Russia, the government responded with additional import substitution efforts. We are interested in effects of such measures on the Big 4, global professional service firms, and the choice of auditors by partially privatized enterprises (PPEs). PPEs have more complex multilevel agency problems because it is less clear who is in charge. We find that companies with state ownership were more likely to switch away from the Big 4, and this was more pronounced for companies in strategic industries. It also contributed to companies switching from the Big 4 to the next tier of audit firms. After 2015, PPEs were less likely to receive a modified audit opinion on IFRS audits. However, auditor changes did not occur at the cross-listed enterprises that are under enhanced monitoring from global investors and foreign stock exchanges.
Selection of laser pulse width for efficient generation of photoacoustic signals in liquid-filled thin capillary embedded in soft material
Authors: Qu Shili , Nakamura Kentaro 
Published: June 2021

To design an instrumentation system for evaluating contrast agents of photoacoustic imaging, the optimal pulse width of the excitation laser is discussed in this paper. A pulsed semiconductor laser with a moderate pulse width (15–129 ns) and low peak power (1 W) is adopted in the proposed system. Black ink is selected as the reference sample, which is filled in a glass capillary embedded in a soft phantom. Our aim is that the pulse width matches the acoustic resonance of the target and the center frequency of the receiving transducer (5 MHz) to obtain sufficient strength of the ultrasonic signal with minimal laser power. A series of experiments reveal a clear relationship between the laser pulse width and the maximal amplitude of the resonance mode. Acoustic resonance occurs inside the capillary whose frequencies can be precisely predicted as the radial eigen mode. The laser pulse width and concentration of the sample showed little influence on these resonance frequencies as expected. To efficiently utilize the signal enhancement effect due to the resonance, several resonance mode candidates are investigated and discussed. It then becomes clear that the second angular and zeroth radial order mode is useful for capillaries with sub-millimeter inner diameters. It was demonstrated that the concentration of samples had very limited influence on the frequencies. Finally, consideration based on two delayed attenuating vibrations is successfully conducted to explain the experimental results.
Numerical study of high performance HTL-free CH3NH3SnI3-based perovskite solar cell by SCAPS-1D
Authors: Sunny Adil , Rahman Sabrina , Khatun Most. Marzia , Ahmed Sheikh Rashel Al 
Published: June 2021

In this study, a hole transport layer (HTL)-free perovskite solar cell (PSC) structure with CH3NH3SnI3 as an active layer and TiO2 as an electron transport layer (ETL) has been proposed for the first time. The solar cell capacitance simulator in one dimension program has been carried out to design the proposed HTL-free CH3NH3SnI3-based PSC and simulate its performance. The output parameters of the proposed PSC, such as open circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), power conversion efficiency, and quantum efficiency, are evaluated by varying the physical parameters of various layers. The thermal stability of the proposed cell has also been analyzed. The thicknesses of the ETL and the absorber are optimized to be 0.05 and 1.0 µm, respectively. A conversion efficiency of 26.33% along with Voc of 0.98 V, Jsc of 31.93 mA/cm2, and an FF of 84.34% is obtained for the proposed HTL-free CH3NH3SnI3-based PSC. These simulation results would be helpful in fabricating highly efficient and inexpensive PSCs.
Exciton linewidth broadening induced by exciton–phonon interactions in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals
Authors: Yu Buyang , Zhang Chunfeng , Chen Lan , Huang Xinyu , Qin Zhengyuan , Wang Xiaoyong , Xiao Min 
Published: June 2021

Quantum dephasing of excitonic transitions in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals has been studied using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures. The exciton–phonon interactions for acoustic and optical modes exhibit different effects on the coherent dynamics of excitonic transitions. The homogeneous linewidth shows a proportional dependence on the temperature, suggesting the primary dephasing channel of the elastic scattering between exciton and acoustic modes. The exciton–optical mode interaction is manifested as the beatings of off-diagonal signals in the population time domain at the frequencies of 29 and 51 cm−1, indicating phonon replicas of excitonic transitions arising from coherent exciton–phonon interaction. The insight information of exciton homogeneous broadening in perovskite nanocrystals is essential for the potential application of quantum light sources.
A minimally disruptive method for measuring water potential in planta using hydrogel nanoreporters
Authors: Jain Piyush , Liu Weizhen , Zhu Siyu , Chang Christine Yao-Yun , Melkonian Jeff , Rockwell Fulton E. , Pauli Duke , Sun Ying , Zipfel Warren R. , Holbrook N. Michele , Riha Susan Jean , Gore Michael A. , Stroock Abraham D. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Gaps in our ability to document local water relations in leaves compromise our ability to build complete models of leaf and plant function and our understanding of ecophysiological phenomena, such as response and adaptation to drought. Macroscopically, leaf water potential has been shown to impact vegetative growth and yield, susceptibility to disease, and, in extreme drought, plant viability, making it a promising candidate trait to improve water-use efficiency in plants. In this paper, we present a nanoscale sensor (AquaDust) that provides minimally disruptive measurements of water potential in leaves of intact plants at high spatial and temporal resolution. This creates opportunities for improving our understanding of the mechanisms coupling variations in water potential to biological and physical processes.
Generation of ordered protein assemblies using rigid three-body fusion
Authors: Vulovic Ivan , Yao Qing , Park Young-Jun , Courbet Alexis , Norris Andrew , Busch Florian , Sahasrabuddhe Aniruddha , Merten Hannes , Sahtoe Danny D. , Ueda George , Fallas Jorge A. , Weaver Sara J. , Hsia Yang , Langan Robert A. , Plückthun Andreas , Wysocki Vicki H. , Veesler David , Jensen Grant J. , Baker David 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Designed protein assemblies have many applications in medicine and technology. A long-standing design paradigm generates assemblies through genetic fusion of homo-oligomers via α-helical linkers. Here, we introduce a rigid fusion strategy that finds a greater number of design solutions and reduces formation of unintended assembly states, and a method for doubly anchoring target binding domains in the resulting assemblies that could contribute to cryogenic electron microscopy structure determination of small proteins.
Paleo-ENSO influence on African environments and early modern humans
Authors: Kaboth-Bahr Stefanie , Gosling William D. , Vogelsang Ralf , Bahr André , Scerri Eleanor M. L. , Asrat Asfawossen , Cohen Andrew S. , Düsing Walter , Foerster Verena , Lamb Henry F. , Maslin Mark A. , Roberts Helen M. , Schäbitz Frank , Trauth Martin H. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Our results identify the prime driver of climate variation in Africa’s low latitudes over the past 620 ky—the key time frame for the evolution of our species. Warming and cooling of the tropical Pacific Ocean paced by insolation changes modulated the tropical Walker circulation, driving opposing wet–dry states in eastern and western Africa. We show that the effects of glacial/interglacial cycles were not the predominant source of environmental change in most of the continent. Africa’s environmental patchwork driven by low-latitude climate processes should therefore be a critical component in conceptual models of human evolution and early demography over the past 620 ky.