bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐stationary frequency analysis of extreme streamflow disturbance in a typical ecological function reserve of China under a changing climate
Authors: Liu Mengyang , Ma Xieyao , Yin Yixing , Zhang Zengxin , Yin Jun , Ullah Irfan , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtreme hydro‐meteorological events occur more frequently with global warming, which have a great impact on ecology, environment and hydrology. Hydro‐meteorological variables often exhibit disturbances of non‐stationary characteristics. In this paper, we take a typical ecological function reserve (Poyang Lake Basin) as an instance to study the trend and probability characters of extreme streamflow based on stationary and non‐stationary generalized extreme value (GEV) models. Time and large‐scale climate factors such as Southern Oscillation (SO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), NINO3 SST (NINO3) and NINO3.4 SST (NINO3.4) are incorporated as covariates to establish non‐stationary model. The main results are as follows: (1) Downward trends prevail for maximum streamflow series, but upward trends dominate for minimum streamflow series. (2) The tested optimal models of some maximum streamflow series are non‐stationary, while the optimal models of all minimum streamflow series are non‐stationary. In the 1970s and before (1980s and thereafter), the return periods of optimal model are greater (less) than those of stationary model for most minimum series, and the risks of river flooding and drying up without calculating by optimal model are underestimated (overestimated). (3) The estimated quantiles tend to be larger during La Niña than during El Niño in this study area. Other climate indices also have obvious effects on the estimated quantiles. This study indicates that the influence of climate factors on the extreme streamflow should be paid more attention and non‐stationary modelling will benefit ecological management under climate change.
Application of lidar for critical endangered bird species conservation on the island of Kauai, Hawaii
Authors: Fricker Geoffrey A. , Crampton Lisa H. , Gallerani Erica M. , Hite Justin M. , Inman Richard , Gillespie Thomas W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi) and Akekee (Loxops caeruleirostris) are two honeycreepers endemic to Kauai, Hawaii, that were listed as federally endangered in 2010. Both species are rare, little‐studied, and occur in a remote, roadless area. We analyzed high‐resolution airborne lidar data to identify forest structure and topography metrics associated with Akikiki and Akekee nest locations (88 for Akikiki and 22 for Akekee) and occurrences (3706 for Akikiki and 1581 for Akekee) from 2012 to 2017 on the Alakai Plateau to predict their distribution in unsurveyed areas. Akikiki and Akekee nested in areas with similar forest structure at 10 m resolution, but different maximum tree heights. Akikiki and Akekee foraged in areas with significantly different forest structure (maximum tree height, mean canopy height, relative heights) and topography (slope) based on occurrences. Elevation was consistently one of the most important metrics for predicting both species nest locations and occurrences across scales (10, 100, 250 m) and it appears that both species are at the upper limits of their elevational range. We estimate that the area of suitable nesting habitat for Akikiki is 17.59 km2while the area of suitable nesting habitat for Akekee is 11.10 km2at 10 m resolution. The Akikiki has a potential range of 38 km2while the Akekee has a range of 58 km2at 100 m resolution. We produce predictive nest and occurrence maps at 10 m and 100 m resolutions to spatially target conservation actions. Results suggest that if avian malaria cannot be controlled and both species populations do not stabilize over the coming years, translocation may be needed to insure their viability.
Using bromide data tracer and HYDRUS‐1D to estimate groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration under film‐mulched drip irrigation in an arid Inland Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Chen Wenling , Wang Jianjun , Liu Yanfeng , Jin Menggui , Liang Xing , Wang Zaimin , Ferré Ty P. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccurate estimation of groundwater recharge (GR) and evapotranspiration (ET) are essential for sustainable management of groundwater resources, especially in arid and semi‐arid regions. In the Manas River Basin (MRB), water shortage is the main factor restricting sustainable development of irrigated agriculture, which relies heavily on groundwater. Film‐mulched drip irrigation significantly changes the pattern and dominant processes of water flow in the unsaturated zone, which increases the difficulty of GR and ET estimation. To better estimate GR and ET under film‐mulched drip irrigation in the MRB, bromide tracer tests and soil lithologic investigation were conducted at 12 representative sites. A one‐dimensional variably saturated flow model (HYDRUS‐1D) was calibrated at each site using soil evaporation data inferred from the bromide tracer tests. The results showed that average annual soil evaporation in uncultivated lands calculated from bromide trace tests was 25.55 mm. The annual GR ranged from 5.5 to 37.0 mm under film‐mulched drip irrigation. The annual ET ranged from 507.0 to 747.1 mm, with soil evaporation between 35.7 and 117.0 mm and transpiration between 460.9 and 642.3 mm. Soil evaporation represented 7% to 16% of the total ET and more than 70% of precipitation and irrigation water was used by cotton plants. Spatial variations of soil lithology, water table depth and initial soil water content led to the spatial differences of GR and ET in the MRB. Our study indicated that bromide tracer tests are useful for inferring ET in the arid and semi‐arid oases. The combination of bromide tracer tests and HYDRUS‐1D enhances reliability for estimation of GR and ET under film‐mulched drip irrigation in the MRB and shows promise for other similar arid inland basins around the world.
Pooled testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in an automated high‐throughput platform
Authors: Dash Girish Chandra , Rout Usha Kiran , Nanda Rashmi Ranjan , Parai Debaprasad , Choudhary Hari Ram , Kanungo Srikanta , Palo Subrata Kumar , Kshatri Jaya Singh , Turuk Jyotirmayee , Mishra Bijaya Kumar , Pati Sanghamitra , Bhattacharya Debdutta 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundActive detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection through testing is elementary for the control of COVID‐19 pandemic. The implementation of large‐scale RT‐PCR testing has led to a rise in the demand for testing kits whose availability is always a concern.ObjectiveTo find out the feasibility of pooled testing in a high‐throughput platform.MethodologyPooled testing was conducted in Roche cobas 6800 in 2 methods. Firstly, the simple two‐stage testing algorithm was conducted for 1410 samples individually and then as pooled samples. Secondly, we evaluated the sensitivity of cobas 6800 for the detection of a single positive sample within a pool of negative samples.ResultsImplementing the five‐sample Dorfman pooling to test 1410 samples, we identified 42 (2.9%) individual SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive samples and 27 (9.5%) positive pool samples. The pooling strategy precisely identified all the positive samples. All individually negative samples were also accurately determined by pooling. There was 100% sensitivity of detecting positive samples in a pool of negative samples even up to 1:64 dilution. There was a threefold increase in total throughput in one‐third of the cost per day.ConclusionA high‐throughput platform such as Cobas 6800 can effectively increase the testing capacity by twofold to threefold by adopting the pooled testing strategy for successful management of SARS‐CoV‐2 and helping in the containment of community transmission.
Thrombospondin‐1 mediates Rho‐kinase inhibitor‐induced increase in outflow‐facility
Authors: Shan Sze‐Wan , Do Chi‐Wai , Lam Thomas Chuen , Li Hoi‐Lam , Stamer W. Daniel , To Chi‐Ho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRho‐kinase (ROCK) inhibitors, a novel class of anti‐glaucoma agents, act by increasing the aqueous humor outflow through the conventional trabecular meshwork pathway. However, the downstream signaling consequences of the ROCK inhibitor are not completely understood. Our data show that Y39983, a selective ROCK inhibitor, could induce filamentous actin remodeling, reduced cell motility (as measured by cell migration), and transepithelial resistance in primary human TM (hTM) cells. After 2 days Y39983 treatment of hTM cells, a proteomic study identified 20 proteins whose expression was significantly altered. Pathway analysis of those proteins revealed the involvement of the p53 pathway, integrin signaling pathway, and cytoskeletal pathway regulation by Rho GTPase. Thrombospondin‐1 (TSP1), a matricellular protein that is increased in glaucoma patients, was downregulated fivefold following Y39983 treatment. More importantly, both TSP1 antagonist leucine–serine–lysine–leucine (LSKL) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced TSP1 gene and protein expressions as well as hTM cell migration. In the presence of Y39983, no further inhibition of cell migration resulted after LSKL and TSP1 siRNA knockdown. Likewise, LSKL triggered a dose‐dependent increase in outflow facility in ex vivo mouse eyes, to a similar extent as Y39983 (83.8% increase by Y39983 vs. 71.2% increase by LSKL at 50 µM). There were no additive effects with simultaneous treatment with LSKL and Y39983, supporting the notion that the effects of ROCK inhibition were mediated by TSP1.
Synthesis of non‐toxic anticancer active forskolin‐indole‐triazole conjugates along with their in silico succinate dehydrogenase inhibition studies
Authors: Ponnam Devendar , Arigari Niranjana Kumar , Kalvagunta Venkata Naga Satya Srinivas , Jonnala Kotesh Kumar , Singh Shilpi , Meena Abha , Misra Pallavi , Luqman Suaib 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiologically important three different pharmacophores, forskolin, indole and 1,2,3‐triazoles are coupled to obtain a hybrid molecule. Here, we described the synthesis of novel series of forskolin‐indole‐triazole conjugates 5a‐5l by using the Cu(I) catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Furthermore, the biological significance of the synthesized molecules was assessed by in silico and in vitro modes. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against PC‐3, MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, COLO‐205, HeLa, WRL‐68, RAJI, CHANG and RAW‐264.7 cell lines. Compound 5g was found to be the most potent in all the tested cell lines (IC50 range 9.6–21.66 μg/ml, except COLO‐205), 5a, 5b and 5k were observed to exert its effect only against WRL‐68 (IC50 range 27.69–48.18 μg/ml), when compared to parent 3 (IC50 > 100 μg/ml, tested concentrations 10–50 μg/ml) and standard Doxorubicin (IC50 range 0.42–3.16 μg/ml). The most potent compound 5g (MEF50 0.57) was found non‐toxic to human erythrocytes as compared to control (MEF50 0.60) at tested concentration (50 μg/ml). In silico‐based succinate dehydrogenase inhibition showed that the synthesized compounds were having potent binding affinity compared to forskolin. Predictive ADMET and toxicity risk assessment analysis revealed that most of the compounds were complying with the standard limit of Lipinski's rule of five for oral bioavailability.
Sensitivity of South Asian summer monsoon simulation to land surface schemes in Weather Research and Forecasting model
Authors: Lu Sha , Zuo Hongchao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe land surface scheme is crucial for the performance of regional climate models in dynamic downscaling application. In this study, we explore the sensitivity of the simulation with 10‐km resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to the land surface schemes in simulating South Asian summer monsoon. The WRF simulations for 19 summers from 2000 to 2018 are conducted with four different land surface schemes including Exp‐CLM4, Exp‐Noah‐MP, Exp‐PX, and Exp‐SSiB, with that the initial and boundary conditions for the WRF model simulations are provided from the NCEP‐FNL data. The ERAI reanalysis data, GHCN‐CAMS, and CRU gridded data are used to comprehensively evaluate the WRF simulations. Compared with verification data, the WRF model can reasonably capture the spatial patterns of summer mean large‐scale atmospheric circulation, 2‐m temperature and precipitation. The simulation results, however, are sensitive to the option of land surface scheme. The performance of Exp‐CLM4 and Exp‐SSiB is better than that of Exp‐Noah‐MP and Exp‐PX assessed by multivariable integrated evaluation (MVIE) method. To explore the dynamic and physical mechanisms behind the WRF model sensitivity to land surface schemes, the differences in the surface energy balance between the ensemble means Ens‐CLM4‐SSiB and Ens‐NoanMP‐PX are analysed in detail. The results illustrate that the intensity of the simulated sensible heat flux over South Asia is weaker in Ens‐CLM4‐SSiB than that in Ens‐NoahMP‐PX. The simulated wind fields are influenced due to the geostrophic adjustment process caused by large differences in geopotential height; thus, the simulations of 2‐m temperature and precipitation are all affected.
Plexciton and electron–phonon interaction in tip‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering
Authors: Ma Jialin , Song Jizhe , Cheng Yuqing , Sun Mengtao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate physical mechanism on plexciton and electron–phonon interaction in tip‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (TERRS). Plexcitons are polaritonic modes that result from the strong coupling between excitons and plasmons. Exciton and plasmon coupling interaction can result in two plexciton peaks; and the plexciton peak at low energy (bright mode) is greatly enhanced, and the plexciton peak at high energy (dark mode) is suppressed in TERRS. The bright mode of plexciton can coherently strongly enhance resonance Raman scattering in TERRS. The total enhancement in TERRS can reach up to the order of 1011, including plexciton enhancement of 108 and molecular resonance Raman enhancement of 103. Interaction between voltage/current and molecular vibrations (electron–phonon interaction) can also further strongly enhance the intensity of Raman scattering in TERRS. The electron–phonon interaction at different incident light is theoretically revealed for plexciton‐enhanced resonant Raman scattering in TERRS. Our theoretical results can promote the deeper understanding the contributions of plexciton and electron–phonon interaction to TERRS.
Cultivation of the gut bacterium Prevotella copri DSM 18205T using glucose and xylose as carbon sources
Authors: Huang Fang , Sardari Roya R. R. , Jasilionis Andrius , Böök Olof , Öste Rickard , Rascón Ana , Heyman‐Lindén Lovisa , Holst Olle , Karlsson Eva Nordberg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevotella copri DSM18205T is a human gut bacterium, suggested as a next‐generation probiotic. To utilize it as such, it is, however, necessary to grow the species in a reproducible manner. Prevotella copri has previously been reported to be highly sensitive to oxygen, and hence difficult to isolate and cultivate. This study presents successful batch cultivation strategies for viable strain inoculations and growth in both serum bottles and a stirred tank bioreactor (STR), without the use of an anaerobic chamber, as long as the cells were kept in the exponential growth phase. A low headspace volume in the STR was important to reach high cell density. P. copri utilized xylose cultivated in Peptone Yeast Xylose medium (PYX medium), resulting in a comparable growth rate and metabolite production as in Peptone Yeast Glucose medium (PYG medium) in batch cultivations at pH 7.2.Up to 5 g/L of the carbon source was consumed, leading to the production of succinic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid, and cell densities (OD620 nm) in the range 6−7.5. The highest yield of produced succinic acid was 0.63 ± 0.05 g/g glucose in PYG medium cultivations and 0.88 ± 0.06 g/g xylose in PYX medium cultivations.
Effects of terpene alcohol dopant on the morphology and electro‐optical properties of polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal composite films
Authors: Huang Junyi , Hu Wei , Yu Meina , Ren Yunxiao , Zhang Lanying , Yang Huai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTerpenes are a large class of hydrocarbon compounds derived from isoprene, which can be produced by plants or emitted by insects. Terpene alcohols contain double bonds that may affect the addition polymerization, and hydroxyl groups that can promote the network crosslinking density during the formation of polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal (PDLC) composite films. In this work, effects of different terpene alcohol dopant on the morphology and electro‐optical properties of PDLC films are systematically investigated. It is found that the appropriate dopant amount of geraniol (GOL) has the superior effect to improve the electro‐optical performance. The optimum addition amount is at 3 wt%, where the transmittance vs. voltage curve gets steeper, the driving voltage of PDLC film reduces from 74 to 32 V and meanwhile the contrast ratio maintains at a relatively high level (123). Thus, this work not only broadens the application scope of the natural spices but also provides a new strategy to reduce the driving voltage of PDLC films for practical applications.
Bipolar disorder prevalence and psychotropic medication utilisation in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom
Authors: Ng Vanessa W. S. , Man Kenneth K. C. , Gao Le , Chan Esther W. , Lee Edwin H. M. , Hayes Joseph F. , Wong Ian C. K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeBipolar disorder (BPD) is often an under‐addressed mental disorder. Limited studies have investigated its epidemiology and drug utilisation in Hong Kong (HK) and the United Kingdom (UK) and thus local prescribing practices remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of BPD and the prescribing of psychotropic medications as maintenance treatment from 2001–2018 in HK and the UK.MethodA retrospective study using the data from Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System in HK and IQVIA Medical Research Data in the UK.ResultsThe prevalence of BPD diagnosis in HK and the UK more than doubled during the study period. Some distinct changes in prescribing patterns over time were observed. Lithium use declined by 2.46% and 14.58% in HK and the UK, respectively. By 2018, patients were 4.6 times more likely to receive antidepressant monotherapy in the UK versus HK (15.62% vs. 3.42%). In HK, 38.41% of women of childbearing age were prescribed valproate in 2018 compared with 8.46% in the UK.ConclusionThe prevalence of BPD diagnosis has been increasing in HK and the UK. The disparity in prescribing patterns of BPD maintenance treatment in two regions reflected three major issues in clinical practice: (1) under‐prescribing of lithium in both regions, (2) antidepressant monotherapy in the UK and (3) overprescribing of valproate to women of childbearing age in HK. A review of current clinical treatment guidelines and regulations of prescribing practice by local clinicians should be immediately implemented to ensure the safe use of medications in patients with BPD.
Treatment decisions after interdisciplinary evaluation for nonarthritic hip pain: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brown‐Taylor Lindsey , Harris‐Hayes Marcie , Foraker Randi , Vasileff William Kelton , Glaws Kathryn , Di Stasi Stephanie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhysical therapy and hip arthroscopy are two viable treatment options for patients with nonarthritic hip pain (NAHP); however, patients may experience considerable decisional conflict when making a treatment decision. Interdisciplinary evaluation with a physical therapist and surgeon may better inform the decision‐making process and reduce decisional conflict.ObjectiveTo identify the extent to which an interdisciplinary evaluation between a surgeon, physical therapist, and patient influences treatment plans and decisional conflict of persons with NAHP.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingHip preservation clinic.ParticipantsAdults with primary NAHP.InterventionsParticipants were randomized to receive a standard (surgeon) or interdisciplinary (surgeon+physical therapist) evaluation. Surgeon evaluations included patient interview, strength and range‐of‐motion examination, palpation, gross motor observation, and special testing. Interdisciplinary evaluations started with the surgeon evaluation, then a physical therapist evaluated movement impairments during sitting, sit‐to‐stand, standing, single‐leg stance, single‐leg squat, and walking. All evaluations concluded with treatment planning with the respective provider(s).Outcome MeasuresTreatment plan and decisional conflict were collected pre‐ and postevaluation. Inclusion of physical therapy in participants' postevaluation treatment plans and postevaluation decisional conflict were compared between groups using chi‐square tests and Mann‐Whitney U tests, respectively.ResultsSeventy‐eight participants (39 in each group) met all eligibility criteria and were included in all analyses. Sixty‐six percent of participants who received an interdisciplinary evaluation included physical therapy in their postevaluation treatment plan, compared to 48% of participants who received a standard evaluation (p = .10). Participants who received an interdisciplinary evaluation reported 6.3 points lower decisional conflict regarding their postevaluation plan (100‐point scale; p = .04). The interdisciplinary and standard groups reduced decisional conflict on average 24.8 ± 18.9 and 23.6 ± 14.6 points, respectively.ConclusionsAdding a physical therapist to a surgical clinic increased interest in physical therapy treatment, but this increase was not statistically significant. The interdisciplinary group displayed lower postevaluation decisional conflict; however, both groups displayed similar reductions in decisional conflict from pre‐ to postevaluation. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of an interdisciplinary evaluation in a hip preservation clinic.
Can insecticide applications used to kill vector insects prevent pine wilt disease?
Authors: Jung Jong‐Kook , Lee Ung Gyu , Cha Deokjea , Kim Dong Soo , Jung Chansik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aerial application of insecticides is a primary method used to prevent the spread of pine wilt disease by reducing the population density of Monochamus beetles, the vector insects of pine wood nematodes (PWNs). This study investigated the mortality of vector insects and the ratio of PWN‐infected trees according to systemically remaining thiacloprid residues in Pinus densiflora. To do this, thiacloprid was sprayed on a nursery of 5‐year‐old P. densiflora in meshed cages. Then Monochamus alternatus adults carrying PWNs were placed into meshed cages 1 and 15 days post‐treatment (T1 and T15 groups for thiacloprid spraying, and N1 and N15 groups for nonsprayed groups) and tree mortality was monitored. We also measured the thiacloprid residues in pine branches in each treatment.RESULTSIn pine trees, more thiacloprid residues were found in the T1 group than in the T15 group, but most M. alternatus adults died in the T1 and T15 groups and PWNs were detected in 51.3% of all recaptured beetles. In the 16th week after each treatment, the average tree mortalities in T1 and T15 were 0% and 16.7%, respectively, whereas mortality of ≈50–60% of all tested trees in the nonsprayed groups was observed.CONCLUSIONThe current aerial application of insecticides may have a limitation in preventing PWN transmission from dying M. alternatus adults when they are exposed to low thiacloprid residues in pine trees.