bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coffee consumption and the risk of cerebrovascular disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Chan Lung , Hong Chien-Tai , Bai Chyi-Huey 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Stroke is a crucial health threat to adults worldwide. Despite extensive knowledge of risk-factor mitigation, no primary prevention exists for healthy people. Coffee is a widely consumed beverage globally. Health benefit of coffee for several neurological diseases has been identified; however, the association between stroke risk and coffee consumption in healthy people has not been determined. We investigated the effect of coffee on stroke risk by conducting a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Methods
Electronic databases, namely PubMed, BioMed Central, Medline, and Google Scholar, were searched using terms related to stroke and coffee. Articles that described clear diagnostic criteria for stroke and details on coffee consumption were included. The reference lists of relevant articles were reviewed to identify eligible studies not shortlisted using these terms. Enrolled studies were grouped into three outcome categories: overall stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and ischemic stroke.

Results
Seven studies were included and all of them were large-scale, long-term, follow-up cohort studies of a healthy population. Upon comparing the least-coffee-consuming groups from each study, the meta-analysis revealed a reduction in the risk of overall stroke during follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] for overall stroke = 0.922, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.855–0.994, P = 0.035). In studies with a clear definition of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, coffee consumption reduced the risk of ischemic stroke more robustly than that of hemorrhagic stroke (hemorrhagic, HR = 0.895, 95% CI = 0.824–0.972, P = .008; ischemic, HR = 0.834, 95% CI = 0.739–0.876, P < .001). No obvious dose-dependent or U-shaped effect was observed.

Conclusions
Coffee consumption reduces the risk of overall stroke, especially ischemic stroke. Further investigation is required to identify beneficial components in coffee, including caffeine and phenolic acids, to develop preventive medication for stroke.
Hypovitaminosis D and risk factors in pediatric epilepsy children
Authors: Likasitthananon Napakjira , Nabangchang Charcrin , Simasathien Thitiwan , Vichutavate Suchavadee , Phatarakijnirund Voraluck , Suwanpakdee Piradee 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Anti-seizure medication (ASM) treatment is one of the significant risk factors associated with abnormal vitamin D status in epilepsy patients. Multiple studies have shown that adult epilepsy patients can exhibit vitamin D deficiency. However, there are few reports investigating pediatric epilepsy patients. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors related to hypovitaminosis D in pediatric epilepsy patients in Thailand.

Methods
A cross-sectional retrospective cohort study was conducted in 138 pediatric epilepsy patients who received anticonvulsants from April 2018 to January 2019. Demographic data, seizure types, puberty status, physical activity, duration, and types of anti-seizure medications were analyzed. Patients with abnormal liver function, abnormal renal function, and who received vitamin D supplements or ketogenic diet containing vitamin D were excluded. Levels of serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured.

Results
All 138 subjects were enrolled, the age ranged from 1.04 – 19.96 years; (mean = 9.65 ± 5.09), the mean serum 25(OH) D level was 26.56 ± 9.67 ng/ml. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 23.2% and insufficiency was 47.8% respectively. Two risk factors—puberty status (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.879-15.67) and non-enzyme-inhibiting ASMs therapy (OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.117-11.46)—were significantly associated with hypovitaminosis D, as shown by multivariate analyses.

Conclusions
Our study reports the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pediatric epilepsy patients in Thailand despite being located in the tropical zone. These findings can guide clinicians to measure vitamin D status in pediatric epilepsy patients particularly when they reach puberty and/or are using non-enzyme-inhibiting ASMs therapy. Early detection of vitamin D status and prompt vitamin D supplementation can prevent fractures and osteoporosis later in life.

Trial registration
TCTR20210215005 (http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/).
Young people’s romantic relationships and sexual activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yarger Jennifer , Gutmann-Gonzalez Abigail , Han Sarah , Borgen Natasha , Decker Martha J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Social distancing measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 may profoundly impact young people’s relationships. This study compared adolescent and young adults’ romantic relationships and sexual activity before and after social distancing policies were enacted.

Methods
In June 2020, 351 youth participating in an ongoing intervention study in Fresno County, California completed an online survey about their experiences related to COVID-19. The survey included open and closed-ended questions about their romantic relationships, sexual activity, and online romantic or sexual interactions before and during social distancing restrictions. We used the chi-square test of independence to compare adolescent (ages 13–17) and young adults’ (ages 18–21) responses. Results were also compared to responses in the intervention study’s baseline survey.

Results
One-third (37%) of youth were dating or in a romantic relationship and 28% spent time in person with a partner early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Among those dating or in a relationship, 34% physically distanced from their partner due to parental restrictions related to COVID-19. Youth also spent less time in person with their partners during the pandemic than before. Although most youth (69%) were not sexually active before or during the pandemic, 22% had sex during the social distancing period. Young adults were more likely to spend time with their partners and have sex during the restrictions than adolescents. Most youth were not involved in sexting or online dating, before or during the pandemic.

Conclusions
Adolescents and young adults have continued to engage in sexual and romantic relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic, although many reported physical distancing from their partners. Results suggest that youth continue to need access to sexual health education and services during emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Use of WhatsApp®, for distance teaching during COVID-19 pandemic: Experience and perception from a sub-Saharan African setting
Authors: Enyama Dominique , Balti Eric Vounsia , Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul , Ngongang Ouankou Christian , Kemta Lekpa Fernando , Noukeu Njinkui Diomede , Fouogue Jovanny Tsuala , Mayouego Kouam Jeanne , Njateng Guy Sedar Singor , Kenfack Bruno , Watcho Pierre , Choukem Simeon Pierre 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, to palliate to the lockdown and cover academic programs, the faculty of medicine and pharmaceutical sciences (FMPS) of the university of Dschang (UDs) in Cameroon has implemented e-learning using WhatsApp®.

Aim
Describe the opinion of students and lecturers after its implementation of e-learning at the FMPS of UDs.

Methods
We designed a uniform teaching scheme using WhatsApp® during the university lockdown. Students and members of the teaching staff of the FMPS of UDs were enrolled after receiving clear information on the study implementation. At the end of the online-teaching period of two and a half months, we surveyed our students and teaching staff. Sociodemographic characteristics and opinions about e-learning were collected using a standard questionnaire.

Results
We enrolled 229 students and 40 lecturers of the FMPS. Students reported a decremented quality of internet connection (p < 0.001, p-homogeneity < 0.001) despite an increased expenditure related to internet use. Electronic devices were broadly used before the implementation of mobile learning. The use of course materials was significantly more challenging among students because of the size/format of lecture notes and internet connection/cost (all p < 0.05). Perception of discipline compared to classroom-based lessons was not significantly different among students compared to lecturers (all p > 0.05). While lecturers were mainly more comfortable conveying the contents of their lectures, students tended to be less prone to actively participate. The motivation and satisfaction of the latter group toward e-learning were modest compared to classroom-based lectures while their feedback about the organization was positive.

Conclusions
E-learning using WhatsApp® could be an effective alternative to conventional classroom-based lessons in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The use of a blended-learning program including classroom-based sessions could help improve its limitations.
Visual outcomes of cataract surgery: An observational study of ten years from a tertiary eye care hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Ahsan Shahid , Memon Muhammad Saleh , Bukhari Sadia , Mahmood Tauseef , Fahim Muhammad Faisal , Haseeb Uzma , Arslan Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To observe and analyze the visual outcomes of cataract surgery of ten years at a tertiary eye care hospital, Karachi.
Methods: An observational study with retrospective data search was conducted in Al Ibrahim Eye Hospital (AIEH), Karachi. Data of all adults (above 16 years) who underwent cataract surgery from 2010-2019 was retrieved from HIMS. Presence of opacity in the lens was labelled as cataract. Surgery was advised when patient’s BCVA was found to be 6/18. Visual assessments of the patients were done on day 01, one week and six weeks postoperatively. Postoperatively, 6/6 – 6/12 was considered as good, 6/18 as mild visual impairment, < 6/18 to 6/60 as moderate visual impairment and < 6/60 as severe visual impairment.
Results: A total of 1,027,840 patients visited AIEH with different eye diseases. Among 1027840 individuals, cataract was identified in 88443 (8.6%). Surgery was advised to 58371 and performed in 38616. Records of operated cases (38616) were retrieved. Mean age of patients was 54.96±14.22 years. There were 20578 (53.29%) males and 18038 (46.71%) females who underwent surgery . At the end of sixth week, 3561 (18.4%), patients were found to have “good vision”, 12242 (63.43%) had mild visual impairment, 2676 (13.86%) had moderate visual impairment and 822 (4.26%) had severe visual impairment. Corneal Complications was the commonest cause (33.56%) at sixth week.
Conclusions: The institution achieved WHO recommended criteria of “good visual outcome” (6/6 to 6/18) of 81.83% which is near to recommended ≥ 90% and severe visual impairment of 4.26%.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4428
How to cite this:Ahsan S, Memon MS, Bukhari S, Mahmood T, Fahim MF, Haseeb U, et al. Visual outcomes of cataract surgery: An observational study of ten years from a tertiary eye care hospital in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4428
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Film Analysis in Management Research: Knowing Why and How to Use It
Authors: Leite Nildes Raimunda Pitombo , Pitombo Leite Fábio , Takerissa Nishimura Augusto , Batista da Silva Marco Antonio , Gomes dos Santos Emerson 
Published: October 2021

Despite many recent peer-reviewed publications in scientific journals, broad understanding of the production of observational studies using film analysis seems to be lacking. This article reviews the increasing use of film analysis as a qualitative tool in studies in the field of management studies, with particular attention paid to why and how to use it. Hence, this review addresses questions such as: What are these studies? What are the factors that should be considered for them to continue being produced? What are the possibilities of locus? How is scientific rigor contemplated? As a result, enhanced qualitative, descriptive, inductive, interpretive, and reflective understanding of its methodological aspects is expected. Its contribution can support researchers interested in producing observational studies in film analysis, paying attention to the rigor of this research approach, applied in the specific step by step of each study and considering the chosen locus and object of study.
Keywords: Film Analysis. Qualitative Research. Observational Studies.
Logiken der Bigamie
Authors: Griesebner Andrea , Lanzinger Margareth 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
For the Christian understanding of marriage, it was constitutive that marriage could be concluded only between one man and one woman. A perspective directed towards bigamy makes it clear that this normative matrix has been called into question not only on a discursive level, but also in practice. Based on bigamy proceedings in early modern Vienna and Lower Austria, the article enquires into the social logics of the couples as well as how the authorities dealt with dual marriages. Serial bigamy resulted mainly from the concept of the indissolubility of marriage as well as from the difficulty of proving the death of the rightful spouse. Three different settings provide insights into different attitudes found in both the religious and secular courts: first, the ecclesiastical handling of bigamous couples in a short period of tolerance in the 1560s and 1570s; second, claims for annulment of marriage or the resumption of legal marriage in the 17th and 18th centuries; and third, a dramatic bigamy trial that was heard in various instances of secular jurisdiction in the 1620s.
Law, Love and the Limits of Liberalism
Authors: Moses Julia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The creation of Imperial Germany in 1871 sparked a nationwide debate about the nature of marriage and the family. Behind these discussions was a common assumption: families were anchored in monogamous marriage. The assumption was so widely held that it was, with few exceptions, unspoken. It was revealed only in exceptional instances, for example, in confrontation with colonial others, bigamists who were deemed criminals or life reformers living on the fringes of mainstream society. By tapping into a discourse about civilization and human progress, it also linked discussions about the homeland and its overseas Empire. Drawing on a matrix of jurisprudence, social-scientific writings, tracts by social reformers, missionaries and government discussions, this article suggests that Germans embraced monogamy as the tacit rule of marital life within the boundaries of the metropole. Nonetheless, monogamy as a marital standard did not apply consistently within Germany’s overseas colonies. Instead, understandings of racial and religious difference, couched in a specific logic of imperial liberalism, predominated and meant that indigenous people were of ten left to continue their own family practices.
Kerntechnik als Sicherheitsversprechen
Authors: Brünig Sascha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the mid-1970s, the dangers associated with nuclear power moved to the center of risk debates in Germany. Following the reactor accident at Three Mile Island (1979) and the Chernobyl disaster (1986), the West German nuclear industry’s business prospects severely deteriorated. How did the nuclear industry perceive and confront the challenge of nuclear skepticism? And how did this emerging challenge alter the perceived future of nuclear technology in the Federal Republic and beyond? The article argues that the nuclear industry did not passively accept the »depletion of utopian energies« (J. Habermas) to which the peaceful use of the atom was subjected. Instead, the industry worked to create new (utopian) prospects for nuclear power. The industry’s public relations campaign positioned nuclear power in two interrelated fields of insecurity: the decline of industrial society and environmental crises. Both threats, ran the argument put forth by nuclear proponents, could only be combatted by relying on nuclear power for electricity production. In this way, nuclear power was translated into a comprehensive promise of security that was intended to salvage the future of nuclear power as well as that of its investors in the face of growing anti-nuclear sentiment.
The Startup Selection Process in Accelerators: Qualitative Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Beyhan Berna , Akçomak Semih , Cetindamar Dilek 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Startup selection is an essential mechanism of how accelerators create value. Through in-depth case studies of 10 accelerators in Turkey, our research explores the selection process in accelerators. Our findings indicate that accelerators overcome their context’s extreme uncertainty by involving various actors in the selection process and reducing the information asymmetries for investors and startups. Accelerators tend to select effortlessly coachable startups, willing to collaborate with accelerators, mentors, or other actors, and passionate enough to overcome the pressure of creating a business at a fast pace. Our research also exhibits that the selection process serves startups by directing and training them to transmit the right signals to receivers, primarily investors. Accelerators prefer to work with entrepreneurial teams that are coachable, passionate, and collaborative to vibrate the right signals. Similarly, the accelerators’ selection process helps investors by decreasing signaling noise and mitigate information asymmetry. By doing so, accelerators contribute to a well-functioning and more effective entrepreneurship ecosystem.
Synthesis, characteristic fragmentation patterns, and antibacterial activity of new azo compounds from the coupling reaction of diazobenzothiazole ions and acetaminophen
Authors: Tsemeugne Joseph , Nangmo Pamela Kemda , Mkounga Pierre , Tamokou Jean De Dieu , Kengne Iréne Chinda , Edwards Giles , Sopbué Emmanuel Fondjo , Nkengfack Augustin Ephrem 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, a series of azobenzothiazole dyes 4 were synthesized via diazotization of substituted benzothiazole derivatives followed by azo coupling with acetaminophen. The chemical structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed using analytical data and spectroscopic techniques, including UV-visible, IR, mass spectra, and 1H- and 13C-NMR. The in situ formed diazobenzothiazole ions regiospecifically react with acetaminophen derivatives in the Hollemann-guided electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. The regio-orientations were established, on the one hand, by a rigorous interpretation of 1H-NMR spectra and, on the other hand, by the characteristic fragmentation patterns observed on the electrospray mass spectra. In the cases of 4a and 4b, multisubstitutions occurred. The antimicrobial activity of compound 4, along with all the starting materials, was investigated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, Staphylococcus aureus 18, Escherichia coli 64R, and S. aureus ATCC 25923. The results showed that this skeletal framework exhibited marked potency as antibacterial agents. The most active antibacterial agent against both targeted organisms was compound 4a′.
Spike detection for calcium activity
Authors: Biermé Hermine , Constant Camille , Duittoz Anne , Georgelin Christine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present in this paper a global methodology for the spike detection in a biological context of fluorescence recording of GnRH-neurons calcium activity. For this purpose we first propose a simple stochastic model that could mimic experimental time series by considering an autoregressive AR(1) process with a linear trend and specific innovations involving spiking times. Estimators of parameters with asymptotic normality are established and used to set up a statistical test on estimated innovations in order to detect spikes. We compare several procedures and illustrate on biological data the performance of our procedure.
The effects of processing parameters on the formation of oxide layers in aluminium alloys using plasma electrolytic oxidation technique
Authors: Jadhav Priya , Bongale Arunkumar , Kumar Satish 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The plasma electrolytic method of oxidation (PEO) is a technique that is increasingly being used in industry to produce protective coatings and other surface treatments. The emphasis is then placed on the dielectric breakdown that repeatedly occurs across the surface of the workpiece. There is significant potential for more effective process control. Key study areas include the interrelation of electrical conditions, electrolyte composition, coating microstructure, and growth rates. With specific goals in terms of coating performance and energy efficiency, an attempt is made to identify key points that are likely to simplify this. The research aims to identify the optimized range of input parameters when the oxide layer is formed using the DC supply in the silicate-based electrolyte on Al 6061 substrate. For developing an oxide layer on Al 6061, a silicate-based electrolyte containing Na2SiO3 (10g/L), KOH (2g/L), and KMnO4 3 (g/lit) is applied. At the optimal parameter of DC supply with 190 V and 1.5 A, the maximal adoption of Mn particles was observed to be 34 percent.
Effect of insulin resistance on lung function in asthmatic children
Authors: Goyal Jagdish Prasad , Kumar Prawin , Thakur Chirag , Khera Daisy , Singh Kuldeep , Sharma Praveen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Insulin resistance may be associated with impaired lung function. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between insulin resistance and lung function in asthmatic children.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study on asthmatic children aged 6–18 years at Tertiary Care Center, India. Fasting serum glucose and insulin levels were analyzed to calculate the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 90 children. Lung function tests were performed. Spearman correlation was used to assess the relationship between insulin resistance and lung function. Linear regression was done to adjust the potential confounders.

Results
Insulin resistance was present in 15.5% of patients. We found a statistically significant inverse relationship between HOMA-IR and spirometric parameters such as forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% on Spearman correlation. However, adjusted regression for age, gender, and body mass index showed no significant association of lung function parameters with HOMA-IR.

Conclusions
Insulin resistance may be considered for the decline in lung function in asthmatic children.
Thermal near-field tuning of silicon Mie nanoparticles
Authors: Assadillayev Artyom , Hinamoto Tatsuki , Fujii Minoru , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Raza Søren 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tunable high-refractive-index nanostructures are highly desired for realizing photonic devices with a compact footprint. By harnessing the large thermo-optic effect in silicon, we show reversible and wide thermal tuning of both the far- and near-fields of Mie resonances in isolated silicon nanospheres in the visible range. We perform in situ heating in a transmission electron microscope and electron energy-loss spectroscopy to show that the Mie resonances exhibit large spectral shifts upon heating. We leverage the spectral shifts to demonstrate near-field tuning between different Mie resonances. By combining electron energy-loss spectroscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, we show a reversible and stable operation of single silicon nanospheres up to a temperature of 1073 K. Our results demonstrate that thermal actuation offers dynamic near-field tuning of Mie resonances, which may open up applications in tunable nonlinear optics, Raman scattering, and light emission.