bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Length scale control schemes for bi‐directional evolutionary structural optimization method
Authors: Qiu Wenke , Jin Shaomeng , Xia Liang , Shi Tielin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work develops length scale control schemes for bi‐directional evolutionary structural optimization method, enabling an enhanced and flexible control of the method on structural member sizes. Specifically, the maximum length scale control is achieved by constraining local material volumes below a threshold value, which is determined upon the allowed maximum length. The massive per‐element volume constraints are aggregated by the p‐norm global measure. The aggregated volume constraint is augmented to the conventional compliance design objective through a Lagrange multiplier. On the other hand, the minimum length scale control is achieved by a post‐processing modification of local feature according to the skeleton detected from a preliminarily optimized topology. The sensitivity numbers of the local structural features that violate the minimum length scale constraint are compensated during the post‐processing modification. Both 2D and 3D benchmark design results show that the proposed schemes are effective and efficient in controlling both the maximum and minimum structural length scales.
Racialised representations of Black African poverty in INGO communications and implications for UK African diaspora: Reflections, lessons and recommendations
Authors: Ademolu Edward 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile the role and implications of representations of global poverty and inequality in contemporary humanitarian and international development communications is well established in mainstream development studies. Less considered are the broader comprehensions around how racialised representations of Black African poverty in, for example, charity advertisements and attendant publicity materials uniquely affect UK‐situated African Diaspora communities, in ways that are complex and distinct from seemingly monoracial donor publics. Using interview and focus group evidence with UK Nigerian diaspora as a case study, this article engages in a reflective discussion on the multiple and differentiated ways that International Non‐Governmental Organisation (INGO) fundraising communications of Africa(ns) inform how, why and with what effects these Black racialised minorities adopt resistant and counterstereotypic identities. Taking lessons learned from these reflections, I suggest recommendations for how INGOs, specifically communication professionals, can adequately construe, negotiate and address perceived tensions around, and implications of, their visual communications for the UK African diaspora.
Thermal and mechanical properties of flax char/carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 66 hybrid composites
Authors: Biricik Gorkem Degirmen , Celebi Hande , Seyhan A. Tugrul , Ates Funda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, flax fiber char (CH), a kind of biomass carbon material obtained by thermochemical conversion of flax fibers in a nitrogen environment in a fixed bed reactor, was used as a reinforcing constituent together with carbon fiber (CF) to produce polyamide 66 (PA66) hybrid composites. The potential use of biochar as a promising substitutional filler candidate for CF in composite applications was deemed in principle. Biochar and carbon fiber surfaces were treated with nitric acid followed by modification with a 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent to improve their interfacial compatibility with PA66. The overall characterization of the composite materials was conducted by performing the thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry measurements and tensile and water absorption tests. Scanning electron microscopy was further employed to examine the fracture surface of the specimens. The findings obtained revealed that silane ‐modified CF and CH altered composite material crystallization behavior, thus enhancing the ultimate composite tensile strength and Young's modulus. Moreover, the tailored interfacial interactions associated with enhanced thermal stability were determined to reduce water absorption capacity for composites with CH. In brief, CH may be substituted with CF, cost‐effectively, at a 50:50 w/w ratio of total reinforcement (10 wt%) in PA66 without compromising ultimate composite performance.
The indentation responses of composite Y‐type cores sandwich structure under various temperatures
Authors: Jiang Weimin , Zhu Xiaolan , Zhou Junmeng , Liu Jiayi , Liu Jingxi , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe influences of elevated and cryogenic temperature on the quasi‐static indentation responses and damage mechanism for composite Y‐type cores sandwich structure were studied by experiments in present paper. The quasi‐static indentation experiments were performed to explore the indentation performances for composite Y‐type cores sandwich structures under eight different temperature conditions. The influences of the testing environment temperature on the typical indentation force‐deformation curves, damage patterns and indentation failure load were investigated and analyzed. The experimental results demonstrated that the testing environment temperature made an important influence on the deformation mechanism, typical force‐deformation curves and failure load. Fiber fracture of the front panel was found when the testing environment temperature was below the glass transition temperature, while the fiber microbuckling of the front panel was also revealed when the testing environment temperature was above the glass transition temperature. The failure load increased with the decreasing of the testing environment temperature at cryogenic temperature. Nevertheless, at elevated temperature, the failure load decreased with the increasing of the testing environment temperature attributing to the weakening of the fiber‐matrix interface performances.
Microstructural analysis and multi‐response optimization of mechanical properties of bulk molding compound
Authors: Rajaee Pouya , Ashenai Ghasemi Faramarz , Fasihi Mohammad , Amini Nasrin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, the mechanical properties of commercial bulk molding compounds (BMC) based on the unsaturated polyester resin were maximized by optimizing glass fiber weight (FW) and fiber length (FL). An empirical design was utilized to study the influence of each parameter and its interaction on responses. Accordingly, three levels of FW (10, 15, and 20 wt.%) and FL (3, 6, and 12 mm) were used. A full factorial design was utilized to investigate the effect of each variable and their interaction on all responses. The addition of FW improved all the results except flexibility. In addition, all responses increased except the modulus of composites by increasing FL. The compound with 15 wt.% FW and 12 mm FL was chosen as the best toughness‐stiffness‐strength equilibrium among the specimens based on optimization outcomes. In addition, the R2 obtained from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and normal probability plots showed good compliance between the empirical results and those anticipated using a full factorial model.
Enhanced thermal and dielectric performance in ternary PVDF/PVP/Co3O4 nanocomposites
Authors: Taha Taha Abdel Mohaymen , Mahmoud Mohammed H , Hamdeh Hussein H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this research was to prepare high thermal and dielectric performance PVDF/PVP/Co3O4 nanocomposites (PVDF, oply(vinylidene fluoride); PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone) using the method of solution mixing. The structural properties and thermal stability of the samples were examined through measurements of XRD, SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). From the XRD measurements, the cubic crystal structure of the Co3O4 nanoparticles was revealed with an average size of 17 nm. Also, diffraction peaks of the α‐phase were seen in PVDF/PVP/Co3O4 nanocomposite spectra. The SEM images for the surface of the films showed a homogeneous distribution of the nanoparticles. The absorption peaks of both α‐ and β‐phases were confirmed by measurements of the FTIR spectra. The nanocomposite films grafted with Co3O4 nanoparticles possess high thermal stability. The dielectric permittivity and energy density of the nanocomposites improved significantly at 4.0 wt% Co3O4. Finally, the increase in Co3O4 content caused an improvement in dielectric response function as well as electrical conductivity. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Lung ultrasound to detect cardiopulmonary interactions in acutely ill children
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , De Rose Cristina , Ferro Valentina , Morello Rosa , Musolino Annamaria , Valentini Piero 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective and designOur prospective observational study is the first study that evaluates the lung ultrasound (LUS) findings of cardiopulmonary interactions in acutely ill children with elevated pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, with the aim of establishing the specific LUS pattern in this category of patients without primary lung diseases.MethodologyWe prospectively analyzed epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, instrumental, and lung ultrasound parameters in acutely ill children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted to the Department of Pediatrics between March 2020 to August 2020. Among the acutely ill patients evaluated, only patients with pro‐BNP > 300 pg/ml and who underwent LUS before the start of any treatment were included. They were stratified into three subcategories based on the diagnosis (A) cardiac disease, (B) systemic inflammatory disease/sepsis without functional and/or organic alterations of the myocardium, and (C) systemic inflammatory disease/sepsis and cardiac disease, and were classified into two groups based on the level of pro‐BNP. We also enrolled patients belonging to two other categories (patients with primary infectious lung disease and completely healthy patients) analyzing their epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, instrumental parameters, and lung ultrasound findings and comparing them with those of acutely ill children.Results and ConclusionWe found that LUS findings in these acutely ill children are different from the ultrasound pattern of other categories of children and in particular (1) children with acute lower respiratory tract infections and (2) healthy infants.The finding in a child of a sonographic interstitial syndrome with multiple, bright, long, separate, and nonconfluent B‐lines/long vertical artifacts deriving from a normal and regular pleural line, in the absence of subpleural consolidations, is strongly predictive of cardiogenic pulmonary edema or pulmonary congestion in the course of systemic inflammatory disease/sepsis.
SAXSMoW 3.0: New advances in the determination of the molecular weight of proteins in dilute solutions from SAXS intensity data on a relative scale
Authors: de Oliveira Neto Mario , de Freitas Fernandes Adriano , Piiadov Vassili , Craievich Aldo Felix , de Araújo Evandro Ares , Polikarpov Igor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSAXSMoW (SAXS Molecular Weight) is an online platform widely used over the past few years for determination of molecular weights of proteins in dilute solutions. The scattering intensity retrieved from small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) raw data is the sole input to SAXSMoW for determination of molecular weights of proteins in liquid. The current updated SAXSMoW version 3.0 determines the linear dependence of the true protein volume on their apparent protein volume, based on SAXS curves calculated for 67,000 protein structures selected from the Protein Data Bank. SAXSMoW 3.0 was tested against 43 experimental SAXS scattering curves from proteins with known molecular weights. Our results demonstrate that most of the molecular weights determined for the nonglycosylated and also for the glycosylated proteins are in good agreement with their expected molecular weights. Additionally, the average discrepancies between the calculated molecular weights and their nominal values for glycosylated proteins are similar to those for nonglycosylated ones.
Robust response of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma to pembrolizumab and sequential radiotherapy: A case report
Authors: Kim Tae‐Hun , Park Sun Hyo , Hwang Ilseon , Lee Jin Hee , Kim Jin Hee , Kim Hae Won , Kim Hyun Jung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is a rare type of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a more aggressive clinical course and a worse outcome than other types of NSCLC. Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1), has been approved as the first‐line treatment for advanced NSCLC with robust PD‐L1 expression in at least 50% of tumour cells, without epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) rearrangement. Here, we report the case of an 81‐year‐old man with multiple comorbidities who was diagnosed with PPC and showed a robust response to pembrolizumab followed by radiation therapy without adverse effects. In the absence of randomized clinical trials for PPCs, our case report demonstrates the potential application of pembrolizumab and radiation therapy for the treatment of PPCs.
A curious case of asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy in an adult
Authors: Stranks Lachlan , Barry Simone , Yeo Aeneas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAsphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), also known as Jeune syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive chondrodysplasia that most commonly manifests as shortening of long bones and ribs, as well as frequent extra‐skeletal organ involvement. It is typically diagnosed in infancy or early childhood following episodes of respiratory distress or failure, in conjunction with characteristic physical findings, and is often fatal. The genetic heterogeneity of this disease, however, means there is varying severity of symptoms and physical manifestations. In this report, we describe a 57‐year‐old man with his first presentation of respiratory failure, with a history and physical findings consistent with ATD, a diagnosis previously unknown to the patient.
Temperature‐Responsive Nanoparticles Enable Specific Binding of Apolipoproteins from Human Plasma
Authors: Prawatborisut Mongkhol , Oberländer Jennifer , Jiang Shuai , Graf Robert , Avlasevich Yuri , Morsbach Svenja , Crespy Daniel , Mailänder Volker , Landfester Katharina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractApolipoproteins are an important class of proteins because they provide a so‐called stealth effect to nanoparticles. The stealth effect on nanocarriers leads to a reduced unspecific uptake into immune cells and thereby to a prolonged blood circulation time. Herein, a novel strategy to bind apolipoproteins specifically on nanoparticles by adjusting the temperature during their incubation in human plasma is presented. This specific binding, in turn, allows a control of the stealth behavior of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles with a well‐defined poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) shell are prepared, displaying a reversible change of hydrophobicity at a temperature around 32 °C. It is shown by label‐free quantitative liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry that the nanoparticles are largely enriched with apolipoprotein J (clusterin) at 25 °C while they are enriched with apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein E at 37 °C. The temperature‐dependent protein binding is found to significantly influence the uptake of the nanoparticles by RAW264.7 and HeLa cells. The findings imply that the functionalization of nanoparticles with temperature‐responsive materials is a suitable method for imparting stealth properties to nanocarriers for drug‐delivery.
Boosting Alkaline Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Kinetic Process of Tungsten Disulfide‐Based Heterostructures by Multi‐Site Engineering
Authors: Zeng Jinsong , Zhang Long , Zhou Qian , Liao Liling , Qi Ying , Zhou Haiqing , Li Dongyang , Cai Fengming , Wang Hui , Tang Dongsheng , Yu Fang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlkaline water electrolysis is an advanced technology for scalable H2 production using surplus electricity from intermittent energy sources, but it remains challenging for non‐noble electrocatalysts to split water into hydrogen and oxygen efficiently, especially for tungsten disulfide (WS2)‐based catalysts. Density functional theory calculations in combination with experimental study are used to establish a multi‐site engineering strategy for developing robust WS2‐based hybrid electrocatalyst on mesoporous bimetallic nitride (Ni3FeN) nanoarrays for bifunctional water splitting. This ingenious design endows the catalyst with numerous edge sites chemically bonded with the conductive scaffold, which are favorable for water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption. Benefiting from the synergistic advantages, the N‐WS2/Ni3FeN hybrid exhibits exceptional bifunctional properties for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) in base with excellent large‐current durability, requiring 84 mV to afford 10 mA cm−2 for HER, and 240 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for OER, respectively. Assembling the catalytic materials as both the anode and cathode to construct an electrolyzer, it is actualized very good activities for overall water splitting with only 1.5 V to deliver 10 mA cm−2, outperforming the IrO2(+)//Pt(−) coupled electrodes and many non‐noble bifunctional electrocatalysts thus far. This work provides a promising avenue for designing WS2‐based heterogeneous electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.
Beitrag zu Kranbahnkonsolen im Stahlhochbau – Ermüdungsnachweis für die Lasteinleitung in den Konsolensteg
Authors: Euler Mathias , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Steinmann Ralf 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKranbahnkonsolen stellen typische Unterstützungskonstruktionen von Kranbahnträgern im Stahlhochbau dar und fallen in den Anwendungsbereich der Bemessungsnorm DIN EN 1993‐6. Die Kranbahnkonsolen erfahren durch den Kranbetrieb zyklische Beanspruchungen und müssen daher ausreichenden Widerstand gegen Ermüdung aufweisen. In der Vergangenheit wurde in der Regel für die Konsolen kein Nachweis gegen Ermüdung geführt. Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Ermüdungsbeanspruchung von Kranbahnkonsolen durch den Kranbetrieb und beschreibt konstruktive Randbedingungen, bei deren Einhaltung kein besonderer Nachweis der Lasteinleitung in den Konsolensteg gegen Ermüdung erforderlich wird.
Sox2 Controls Neural Stem Cell Self-Renewal Through a Fos-Centered Gene Regulatory Network
Authors: Pagin Miriam , Pernebrink Mattias , Giubbolini Simone , Barone Cristiana , Sambruni Gaia , Zhu Yanfen , Chiara Matteo , Ottolenghi Sergio , Pavesi Giulio , Wei Chia-Lin , Cantù Claudio , Nicolis Silvia K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Sox2 transcription factor is necessary for the long-term self-renewal of neural stem cells (NSCs). Its mechanism of action is still poorly defined. To identify molecules regulated by Sox2, and acting in mouse NSC maintenance, we transduced, into Sox2-deleted NSC, genes whose expression is strongly downregulated following Sox2 loss (Fos, Jun, Egr2), individually or in combination. Fos alone rescued long-term proliferation, as shown by in vitro cell growth and clonal analysis. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition by T-5224 of FOS/JUN AP1 complex binding to its targets decreased cell proliferation and expression of the putative target Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3). Additionally, Fos requirement for efficient long-term proliferation was demonstrated by the reduction of NSC clones capable of long-term expansion following CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Fos inactivation. Previous work showed that the Socs3 gene is strongly downregulated following Sox2 deletion, and its re-expression by lentiviral transduction rescues long-term NSC proliferation. Fos appears to be an upstream regulator of Socs3, possibly together with Jun and Egr2; indeed, Sox2 re-expression in Sox2-deleted NSC progressively activates both Fos and Socs3 expression; in turn, Fos transduction activates Socs3 expression. Based on available SOX2 ChIPseq and ChIA-PET data, we propose a model whereby Sox2 is a direct activator of both Socs3 and Fos, as well as possibly Jun and Egr2; furthermore, we provide direct evidence for FOS and JUN binding on Socs3 promoter, suggesting direct transcriptional regulation. These results provide the basis for developing a model of a network of interactions, regulating critical effectors of NSC proliferation and long-term maintenance.
Multifaceted Involvement of Microglia in Gray Matter Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Tsouki Foteini , Williams Anna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the inflammatory demyelinating neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis (MS), there is increasing interest in gray matter pathology, as neuronal loss and cortical atrophy correlate with disability and disease progression, and MS therapeutics fail to significantly slow or stop neurodegeneration. Microglia, the central nervous system (CNS)-resident macrophages, are extensively involved in white matter MS pathology, but are also implicated in gray matter pathology, similar to other neurodegenerative diseases, for which there is synaptic, axonal, and neuronal degeneration. Microglia display regional heterogeneity within the CNS, which reflects their highly plastic nature and their ability to deliver context-dependent responses tailored to the demands of their microenvironment. Therefore, microglial roles in the MS gray matter in part reflect and in part diverge from those in the white matter. The present review summarizes current knowledge of microglial involvement in gray matter changes in MS, in demyelination, synaptic damage, and neurodegeneration, with evidence implicating microglia in pathology, neuroprotection, and repair. As our understanding of microglial physiology and pathophysiology increases, we describe how we are moving toward potential therapeutic applications in MS, harnessing microglia to protect and regenerate the CNS.
Engineered Human Cardiac Microtissues: The State-of-the-(He)art
Authors: Soon Kayla , Mourad Omar , Nunes Sara S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Due to the integration of recent advances in stem cell biology, materials science, and engineering, the field of cardiac tissue engineering has been rapidly progressing toward developing more accurate functional 3D cardiac microtissues from human cell sources. These engineered tissues enable screening of cardiotoxic drugs, disease modeling (eg, by using cells from specific genetic backgrounds or modifying environmental conditions) and can serve as novel drug development platforms. This concise review presents the most recent advances and improvements in cardiac tissue formation, including cardiomyocyte maturation and disease modeling.