bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanized Keratomicropigmentation: Corneal Tattooing With the Blepharopigmentor
Authors: Wessels Izak F , Wessels Gunter F 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A mechanized micropigmentor with a triple prong tip was used to tattoo two corneas for cosmetically unacceptable blemishes.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two adult patients with cosmetically disfiguring corneal blemishes in sightless eyes requested cosmetic improvement. With a mechanized micropigmentor, appropriate pigment was directly inoculated through the epithelium.
* RESULTS: After 2 and 3 years of follow-up, respectively, there have been no complications and there has been minimal fading.
* CONCLUSION: This mechanical device facilitates many more penetrations to introduce pigment, with a more uniform depth than can be achieved by freehand methods.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:25-28.]
Transscleral Flow of Aqueous Humor: An In Vitro Experiment
Authors: Ayyala R S , O'Brien C O , Grierson I , Maltby P 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The minimal scleral flap thickness to ensure transscleral flow following a trabeculectomy has never been determined. The present study was designed to determine, in vitro, the critical scleral flap thickness that allows transscleral flow.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The apparatus consisted of two horizontal glass chambers (A and B) connected to each other by a customized scleral disc holder. High-pressure chamber A (at 25 mm Hg) was filled with sodium pertechnetate (^sup 99m^Tc) labeled normal saline and low-pressure chamber B (at 5 mm Hg) with normal saline. Transscleral flow of labeled normal saline from high-pressure chamber A via varying thickness scleral discs to low-pressure chamber B was observed over 16 hours using a gamma camera. Computer analysis was performed on the obtained images.
* RESULTS: Transscleral flow of labeled saline was observed only with scleral discs 0.5 mm thick or less.
* CONCLUSIONS: If the findings hold true for the in vivo situation, aqueous humor may reach the subconjunctival space following trabeculectomy via the transscleral route, provided scleral flap thickness is less than 0.5 mm. In addition, normal uveoscleral aqueous outflow may occur across sclera less than 0.5 mm thick, e.g., posterior to extraocular muscle insertions.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:66-69.]
Limbal Sub-Tenon's Administration of Retrobulbar Anesthesia Using a Blunt Irrigating Cannula
Authors: Bergman Louise , Berglin Lennart , Algvere Peep V , Laurell Carl-Gustaf , Stenkula Staffan 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To eliminate sharp needles when administering local anesthesia to the eye in order to reduce serious complications caused by needle perforation.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: After topical anesthesia, limbal conjunctival incision, and sub-Tenon's dissection, a retrobulbar irrigation of an equal mixture of bupivacaine (5 mg/ml) and lidocaine (20 mg/ml) was given using a blunt cannula.
* RESULTS: The technique was used in both vitreoretinal surgery (n = 70) and anterior segment surgery (n = 235) with good analgesic and akinetic effects. No serious adverse reactions were noted.
* CONCLUSION: This proved to be a safe and efficient technique that abandoned the use of sharp needles.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:106-112.]
Management of Hypotonous Cyclodialysis With Pars Plana Vitrectomy, Gas Tamponade, and Cryotherapy
Authors: Helbig Horst , Foerster Michael H 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUNDANDOBJECTIVE: Cyclodialysis after ocular trauma or surgery may lead to hypotony and visual loss. A new surgical approach for the treatment of cyclodialysis is reported.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In three patients with long-standing cyclodialysis and hypotony, a pars plana vitrectomy with gas tamponade and transscleral cryotherapy to the region of the cleft was performed.
* RESULTS: In all patients intraocular pressure increased to normal or near normal, choroidal detachment and retinal and disc edema resolved, and visual acuity increased.
* CONCLUSION: A hypotonous cyclodialysis can be successfully treated with vitrectomy, gas tamponade, and cryotherapy. This approach may be superior to other techniques if there are also additional posterior segment problems or if there is lens dislocation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:188-191.]
Sodium Hyaluronate as a Tool in Strabismus Surgery in Rabbits
Authors: Fulga Valentin , Koren Rumelia , Ezov Nathan , Gal Rivka , Nimrod Avraham , Savir Hanna 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors tested whether coating tissue with sodium hyaluronate (Na-HA) reduced postoperative adhesions and accelerated the healing process in strabismus surgery.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surgical technique was tested during recession and resection operations performed on 30 rabbits and was compared with the use of NaCl 0.9%. Clinical, biomicroscopic examinations were performed on postoperative days 1 , 2, 7, and 30 and histopathologic examinations were performed on postoperative days 2, 7, and 30.
* RESULTS: Clinically, there were no statistically significant differences between the study group and the control group. Also, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for most of the histopathologic criteria; however, new vessel formation was smaller with Na-HA than without it. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05.
* CONCLUSION: The authors found no significant positive effect of Na-HA on postoperative healing in rabbits.
[Ophthalmie Surg Lasers 1996;27:228-233.]
Use of Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive in Small-Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Alió Jorge L , Mulet M Emilia , Garcia Juan C 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A controlled clinical study was performed on three different groups of patients.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Each patient had a 6.5-mm-wide sclera! tunnel with phacoemulsiflcation. Sealing of the incision was done either without suture, with an anchor suture, or with tissue adhesive (cyanoacrylate). The authors observed whatever induced astigmatism was present during the 1st and 12th weeks of the postoperative period.
RESULTS: In the immediate postoperative period, astigmatism was sigmficandy less (P < .01) in the groups of patients with suture and tissue adhesive than in the unsutured group. The results after 12 weeks were similar for the three groups (P > .05), with no complications observed as a result of the use of cyanoacrylate.
* CONCLUSION: Cyanoacrylate seems to be a promising innovation in scierai tunnel surgery for cataracts. It is an effective, a quick, and a safe alternative to sutures.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:270-274.]
Comparison of Argon Laser Iridotomy and Sequential Argon Laser and Nd:YAG Laser Iridotomy in Dark Irides
Authors: Lim Li , Seah Steve Kah Leng , Lim Arthur Siew Ming 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A prospective study was performed to compare argon laser iridotomy and sequential argon laser and Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in dark irides.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four eyes of 17 patients underwent laser iridotomies; 13 underwent argon laser iridotomies and 11 underwent sequential argon laser and Nd: YAG laser iridotomies. The argon laser settings were standardized at 1.2 W, 50-µm spot size, and 0.1 -second duration. The Nd:YAG laser was set at 2.5 mj and single-pulse shots were used.
* RESULTS: All of the iridotomies were patent at the end of one treatment session. The mean total energy used for argon laser iridotomy was 8.28 J. For sequential iridotomy, 3.12 J was used for the argon laser stage and 7.5 mj for the NdrYAG laser stage.
* CONCLUSION: The total argon laser energy used can be reduced by 2.65 times by using the sequential laser iridotomy technique.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:285-288.]
Experimental Nonpenetrating Transscleral Cyclodiathermy in Rabbits
Authors: Pham Lan Phuong V , Wang Yujen , Banuelos Lydia , Wang Nan , Schuman Joel S 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acute and long-term effects of contact transscleral cyclodiathermy (CTCD) were studied in rabbits.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the acute phase, three evenly spaced applications were placed at the limbus in each of four quadrants using the Ophthalmic Diathermy TR4000 (MIRA, Inc., Waltham, MA) . Each quadrant of 1 7 eyes of 1 3 Dutchbelted rabbits was treated with radio frequencies (RFs) of 1.0 to 4.5, for times of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 to 3.0, and 4.0 to 10.0 seconds. Eyes were then immediately enucleated and fixed in Karnovsky s solution after the rabbits had been sacrificed with 3 ml of pentobarbital sodium. In the longitudinal phase, four groups of six rabbits each were treated with 20 evenly spaced applications at the limbus at one of four settings: 1.5 RFs/4 seconds, 2.0 RFs/3 seconds, 2.5 RFs/2 seconds, or 3.0 RFs/2 seconds. Intraocular pressures were measured on alternate days for 1 week prior to treatment and for 4 weeks after treatment, following which the eyes were enucleated and fixed in Karnovskys solution.
* RESULTS: Gross examination of the acute phase eyes revealed blanching of the ciliary processes at RF settings of 2.5 and higher with exposure times of 1.5 seconds or longer. Gross and light microscopic studies showed that levels of destruction correlated positively with RF settings and exposure times. Higher RF levels resulted in scierai coagulation necrosis on light microscopy. In addition, there was coagulation necrosis of the pigmented and nonpigmented ciliary epithelium and stroma. Longitudinal phase study showed a significant decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) in the four groups of rabbits treated over the 4-week follow-up period (P= .005, multivariate analysis of variance [MANOVA]). Rabbits treated at higher RF levels sustained a greater IOP-lowering effect (P = .025, MANOVA). Gross and light microscopic examination revealed focal atrophy, fusion, and fibrosis of the ciliary processes.
* CONCLUSION: Nonpenetrating CTCD results in focal destruction of the ciliary body in rabbits. The authors found that significant reduction in IOP was possible over the 4-week follow-up period in the Dutch-belted rabbits treated, with greater IOP and tissue effects at higher RF settings.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:301-307.]
Scleral Fixation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses in Children
Authors: Sharpe Matthew R , Biglan Albert W , Gerontis C Corina 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Children with monocular aphakia who become contact lens intolerant require an intraocular lens (IOL) for visual rehabilitation. When there is inadequate support from the posterior Jens capsule, use of an anterior chamber IOL or a sclerally fixated posterior chamber IOL may be considered. The authors report their experience with scierai fixation of posterior chamber IOLs in children.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seven posterior chamber IOLs were sutured in the ciliary sulcus of children who could not wear contact lenses. In each eye, the lens capsule remnants were inadequate to provide sufficient support for the haptics of a posterior chamber lens.
* RESULTS: Six of seven patients had improved visual acuity, with an average improvement of 4 lines. Complications related to scierai fixation included exposure of the scierai fixation suture in one eye, lens decentration in one eye, and lens tilt in one eye. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 38 months, averaging 26 months.
* CONCLUSION: Implantation of a posterior chamber sclerally fixated IOL offers an alternative to placement of an anterior chamber lens in children who cannot wear contact lenses and who lack capsular support. Continued follow-up of these patients will help determine the long-term safety of this technique.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:337-34l.]
Early Division of the Conjunctival Pedicle in Modified Hughes Repair of the Lower Eyelid
Authors: McNab Alan A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The mod îfied Hughes repair of the lower eyelid (upper Hd tarsoconjunctival flap and skin graft or flap) after resection of marginal lesions has an established piace in oculoplastic surgery. Previous recommendations for the timing of the division of the conjunctival pedicle have varied greatly from 3 weeks to 6 months. This study was performed to determine the safety of division of the pedicle at 2 weeks.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A series of 25 patients in whom the tarsoconjunctival pedicle in a modified Hughes repair of the lower eyelid was divided at 2 weeks were prospectively evaluated. All cases had a full-thickness skin graft placed as an anterior lamella of the reconstructed eyelid.
* RESULTS: In all cases there was a healthy and viable lower lid with brisk bleeding from die newly created lid margin at the time of pedicle division. There were no instances of infarction of any portion of the reconstruction, shrinkage, or retraction of the lower lid.
* CONCLUSION: Two weeks is a long enough time to wait prior to division of the conjunctiva! pedicle in the modified Hughes repair of the lower eyelid.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:422-424.]
A Prospective Randomized Study of Medications After Silicone Intubation
Authors: Liu Don 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Following silicone intubation, most surgeons prescribe either an antibiotic or an antibiotic- steroid combination medication. No known controlled study has been performed to determine whether steroids in addition to antibiotics improve the postoperative outcome.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The author performed a prospective randomized study of 108 patients (118 eyes) who underwent silicone intubation over a period of 4 1/2 years. Sixty-seven patients received a combination of neomycin, polymyxin B, and dexamethasone and 41 patients received gentamicin for 2 weeks after surgery. A standardized surgical technique and instruments were used. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 44 months (average 19 months).
* RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found in the failure rates when patients treated with an antibiotic- steroid combination were compared with those treated with antibiotic alone.
* CONCLUSION: Following silicone intubation, there appears to be no additional benefit of an antibiotic-steroid combination medication over an antibiotic alone.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:434-437.]
The Course After Cataract Extraction, Intraocular Lens Implantation, and Trabeculectomy for Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Pollack Ayala , Katz Hayh , Oliver Moshe , Zalish Miriam 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the postoperative recovery of the anterior segment and the course of diabetic retinopathy following a combined procedure of an extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy in diabetic patients with glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of diabetic patients with uncontrolled glaucoma and cataract, who underwent a combined procedure in one eye, were retrospectively reviewed.
* RESULTS: Eleven patients were included. The mean intraocular pressure and the amount of antiglaucomatous medications required to control it were both reduced postoperatively. Anterior segment complications included hyphema in 4 eyes (37%), fibrin formation in 4 eyes (37%), and posterior synechia in 3 eyes (27%). The hyphema resolved spontaneously and the fibrin disappeared following increased administration of steroids. Development of diabetic retinopathy occurred in 1 eye (9%). Cystoid macular edema without other evidence of diabetic retinopathy was observed in 1 eye (9%).
* CONCLUSION: The control of intraocular pressure is improved in diabetic patients who have undergone this combined procedure. The postoperative course in these diabetic patients is similar to that previously described in the general population.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:595-599.]
Intraoperative and Postoperative Use of Mitomycin-C in the Treatment of Primary Pterygium
Authors: Çaliskan Sibel , Orhan Mehmet , Irkeç Murat 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of 0.04% mitomycin-C, either postoperatively for 2 weeks or intraoperatively as a single dose, as an adjunct in the surgical treatment of primary pterygium was evaluated.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Mitomycin-C was used in addition to the bare sclera technique in 43 eyes with pterygia. The mean follow-up time was 18.5 months for the 24 eyes in the postoperative mitomycin-C group, 10.3 months for the 19 eyes in the intraoperative mitomycin-C group, and 17.3 months for the 17 eyes in the control group (eyes that had undergone surgical excision only).
* RESULTS: The recurrence rate was 4.2% with postoperative administration, 5.3% with intraoperative application, and 41.2% in the control group. There was a significant reduction in recurrence rates for both the postoperative and the intraoperative mitomycin-C groups compared with the control group (P= .005 and P= .01, respectively). However, recurrence rates were not statistically different according to the type of application. No serious side effect occurred during the follow-up period.
* CONCLUSION: Topical mitomycin-C, either intraoperatively or postoperatively, as an adjunct decreases the recurrence rate of primary pterygium. Intraoperative application seems advantageous because it decreases the symptomatic side effects and restricts the inappropriate use by the patient.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:600-604.]
Comparative Results of Combined Procedures for Glaucoma and Cataract: I. Extracapsular Cataract Extraction Versus Phacoemulsification and Foldable Versus Rigid Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Tezel Gülgün , Kolker Allan E , Kass Michael A , Wax Martin B 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The refinements of small-incision cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation have recently permitted new options for combined trabeculectomy with cataract extraction. The objectives of this study were to compare the longterm intraocular pressure (IOP) control and visual outcome between trabeculectomies combined with extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) versus those with phacoemulsification, and to analyze these same factors for foldable versus rigid IOLs.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of 311 patients (397 eyes) who underwent combined trabeculectomy with cataract extraction and posterior chamber IOL implantation. In all of the surgeries, releasable scleral flap sutures were used. The mean follow-up was 22.9 ± 15.1 months, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months.
* RESULTS: Trabeculectomy combined with phacoemulsification had a lower postoperative complication rate and was more effective than trabeculectomy combined with ECCE in reducing IOP to less than 20 mm Hg with or without medication (95% vs 82%) and in improving vision to levels of 20/40 or better (71% vs 52%) (P < .001). Regarding IOLs, foldable silicone lenses were found to be an effective alternative to polymethylmethacrylate lenses in combined surgeries in terms of a controlled IOP of less than 20 mm Hg (97% vs 97%) and visual recovery to 20/40 or better (78% vs 63%).
* CONCLUSION: The combination of trabeculectomy with releasable scleral flap sutures and small incision cataract surgery with foldable IOL implantation has improved postoperative IOP control and visual rehabilitation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:539-550.]
Phacoemulsification for Cataract Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: McDermott Mark L , Puklin James E , Abrams Gary W , Eliott Dean 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine if the technical aspects of phacoemulsification for removal of cataract following pars plana vitrectomy differ from those of phacoemulsification for removal of cataract in nonvitrectomized eyes.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two eyes that had undergone prior vitrectomy were identified through a retrospective review of chart notes and operative records of 1039 consecutive cataract extractions performed by one surgeon.
* RESULTS: Complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy was the most common indication for prior vitrectomy. The predominant lens change was nuclear sclerosis. Deep anterior chambers with large anterior to posterior excursions of the iris lens diaphragm with simultaneous fluctuation in pupil size occurred during phacoemulsification. The posterior capsule was flaccid and mobile during lens cortex removal. No posterior capsules ruptured. Postoperative visual acuity improved in 91% of the patients.
* CONCLUSIONS: Prior vitrectomy was associated with diabetes and nuclear sclerotic cataract. Phacoemulsification in this patient population was associated with inadequate pupillary mydriasis, superior conjunctival scarring, intraoperative anterior chamber depth, pupil size, and iris lens excursions that hindered phacoemulsification tip placement. Posterior capsules were excessively flaccid, prone to rapid anterior and posterior excursions, and may have plaques that are resistant to intraoperative removal.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:558-564.]
Ultrasound-Guided Cryotherapy for Retinal Tears in Patients With Vitreous Hemorrhage
Authors: Kelley Linda M , Walker Joseph P , Wing Glenn L , Raskauskar Paul A , Schepens Charles L 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The goal was to utilize ultrasound-guided cryotherapy as an immediate, low-risk, noninvasive, precise method of treating retinal tears obscured by vitreous hemorrhage.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with sudden onset of vitreous hemorrhage were referred for diagnosis and management. Ophthalmoscopy with scleral depression was unsuccessful at localizing peripheral retinal tears, and all of the patients were examined with ultrasound using the techniques of standardized echography. The cryoprobe was positioned for cryotherapy using both transverse and longitudinal B-scan approaches following the indentation of the globe as it appeared on the oscilloscope.
* RESULTS: On follow-up examination after the vitreous hemorrhage cleared, 10 of the 11 tears were examined by ophthalmoscopy and were thought to have been adequately treated. One patient had a retinal detachment after remaining stable for 3 months. Two patients were treated with laser to enhance the cryotherapy seal. One patient was observed by another physician and underwent vitrectomy due to vitreous hemorrhage that persisted 2 months following cryotherapy. After vitrectomy, the physician reported a successful cryotherapy reaction at the treated tear. One final patient in the series required vitrectomy and scleral buckle before the hemorrhage had cleared, and the treatment did not appear to be complete.
* CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided cryotherapy provides a noninvasive, inexpensive treatment alternative for retinal tears obscured by vitreous hemorrhage.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:565-569.]
Idiopathic Macular Hole Following Vitrectomy: Implications for Pathogenesis
Authors: Lipham William J , Smiddy William E 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Attention to the pathogenesis and clinical features of macular hole formation has increased with the advent of therapy. The purpose of this study is to present three cases that occurred in atypical settings that may have important pathogenic implications.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of three patients who presented with macular holes that developed 10 months to 5.5 years after previous vitrectomy. In each case, the cortical vitreous layer was absent in the region of the macula at the time of operation for the macular hole.
RESULTS: The macular hole was successfully sealed and the visual acuity improved in all patients. All three cases in this report lacked an operculum, occurred long after vitreous removal, and had no evidence of any residual cortical vitreous.
* CONCLUSIONS: Macular hole formation in the absence of cortical vitreous suggests the possibility that the etiology of macular holes may involve a spontaneous umbo dehiscence rather than vitreous-induced surface traction. A mechanism involving a cystic degenerative process is proposed as the cause of atypical and typical macular hole formation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:633-639.]