bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language change across a lifetime: A historical micro-perspective
Authors: Bergs Alexander 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the micro-analysis of historical data, which allows us to investigate language use across the lifetime of individual speakers. Certain concepts, such as social network analysis or communities of practice, put individual speakers and their social embeddedness and dynamicity at the center of attention. This means that intra-speaker variation can be described and analyzed in quite some detail in certain historical data sets. The paper presents some exemplary empirical analyses of the diachronic linguistic behavior of individual speakers/writers in fifteenth to seventeenth century England. It discusses the social factors that influence this behavior, with an emphasis on the methodological and theoretical challenges and opportunities when investigating intra-speaker variation and change.
Variation and third age: A sociolinguistic perspective
Authors: Schreier Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe correlation between external factors such as age, gender, ethnic group membership and language variation is one of the stalwarts of sociolinguistic theory. The repertoire of individual members of speaker groups, vis-à-vis community-wide variation, represents a somewhat slippery ground for developing and testing models of variation and change and has been researched with reference to accommodation (Bell 1984), style shifting (Rickford, John R. & MacKenzie Price. 2013. Girlz II women: Age-grading, language change and stylistic variation.Journal of Sociolinguistics17. 143–179) and language change generally (Labov, William. 2001.Principles of linguistic change, vol. 2: Social factors. Oxford: Blackwell). This paper presents and assesses some first quantitative evidence that non-mobile older speakers from Tristan da Cunha, an island in the South Atlantic Ocean, who grew up in an utterly isolated speech community, vary and shift according to external interview parameters (interviewer, topic, place of interview). However, while they respond to the formality of the context, they display variation (both regarding speakers and variables) that is not in line with the constraints attested elsewhere. These findings are assessed with focus on the acquisition of sociolinguistic competence in third-age speakers (particularly style-shifting, Labov, William. 1964. Stages in the acquisition of Standard English. In Roger Shuy, Alva Davis & Robert Hogan (eds.),Social Dialects and Language Learning, 77–104. Champaign: National Council of Teachers of English) and across the life-span generally.
Auf dem Land ist auch nicht alles gut!
Authors: Jüchser Cordula , Richter Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
An der vorliegenden Studie, welche flächendeckend den ländlichen Raum untersuchte, nahmen 2.554 Teilnehmer aus allen Bereichen des Rettungswesens teil. Für die Ergebnisse konnten die Daten von 1.717 Teilnehmern aus Rheinland-Pfalz ausgewertet werden. Hiervon gaben 34,2 % an, in den letzten 12 Monaten im Einsatz Gewalt erlebt zu haben. Es zeigte sich, dass 73,4 % der Teilnehmer mit Gewalterfahrungen psychische Gewalt und 62,4 % körperliche Gewalt erfahren haben. Ein Großteil der Befragten sieht neben einer deutlichen Zunahme von Gewalt im Einsatz diese als ein relevantes Thema an.
Quantum nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic sensing: towards quantum optical bioscience laboratories on chip
Authors: Xavier Jolly , Yu Deshui , Jones Callum , Zossimova Ekaterina , Vollmer Frank 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantum-enhanced sensing and metrology pave the way for promising routes to fulfil the present day fundamental and technological demands for integrated chips which surpass the classical functional and measurement limits. The most precise measurements of optical properties such as phase or intensity require quantum optical measurement schemes. These non-classical measurements exploit phenomena such as entanglement and squeezing of optical probe states. They are also subject to lower detection limits as compared to classical photodetection schemes. Biosensing with non-classical light sources of entangled photons or squeezed light holds the key for realizing quantum optical bioscience laboratories which could be integrated on chip. Single-molecule sensing with such non-classical sources of light would be a forerunner to attaining the smallest uncertainty and the highest information per photon number. This demands an integrated non-classical sensing approach which would combine the subtle non-deterministic measurement techniques of quantum optics with the device-level integration capabilities attained through nanophotonics as well as nanoplasmonics. In this back drop, we review the underlining principles in quantum sensing, the quantum optical probes and protocols as well as state-of-the-art building blocks in quantum optical sensing. We further explore the recent developments in quantum photonic/plasmonic sensing and imaging together with the potential of combining them with burgeoning field of coupled cavity integrated optoplasmonic biosensing platforms.
Characterization and application of wood-ZrO2 sorbent for simultaneous removal of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) from binary mixture
Authors: Velinov Nena , Petrović Milica , Radović Vučić Miljana , Kostić Miloš , Mitrović Jelena , Bojić Danijela , Bojić Aleksandar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A new woodchips-ZrO2 biosorbent (W-ZrO2) was synthesized using wood residue material generated from the oak tree (Quercus robur) during furniture manufacturing. Biosorbent was tested for the simultaneous removal of both chromium (Cr) ions: Cr(III) and Cr(VI), in the binary component solution. Biosorbent characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). To define optimal process parameters for simultaneous removal of both Cr species, effects of pH, temperature, sorbent dosage and Cr ions concentration on the sorption process were investigated. Sorption of Cr ions onto W-ZrO2 was highly pH-dependent. Optimal pH for simultaneous removal of both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions is 4.0 with removal efficiency over 99.5 % in both cases. Equilibrium experimental results are the best fitted by the Langmuir sorption isotherm model. The maximal sorption capacities of the biosorbent for simultaneous removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions in binary-component system are 16.18 and 83.52 mg g−1, respectively. The present study shows that using wood residue material to produce a low-cost sorbent can effectively decrease the water pollution simultaneously removing both chromium species from water and also reduce wood waste and increase reuse/recycling options.
Becoming MSM: Sexual Minorities and Public Health Regimes in Vietnam
Authors: Montoya Alfred 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article explores the discursive and practical marking of male sexual minorities in Vietnam, as targets of a series of biopolitical regimes whose aim, ostensibly, was and is to secure the health and wellbeing of the population (from the French colonial period to the present), regimes which linked biology, technoscientific intervention and normative sexuality in the service of state power. Campaigns against sex workers, drug users, and briefly male sexual minorities, seriously exacerbated the marginalization and stigmatization of these groups, particularly with the emergence of HIV/AIDS in Vietnam in 1990. This article also considers how the contemporary apparatus constructed to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic, one funded by the US, did not do away with these old forms, but reinscribed them with new language within a new regime that prioritizes quantification and technoscience.
Covid-19: Sammelunterkünfte für Geflüchtete und Kasernen im Vergleich
Authors: Penning Verena , Razum Oliver 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
In deutschen Sammelunterkünften für Geflüchtete traten während der Covid-19-Pandemie zahlreiche Covid-19-Ausbrüche auf. In Kasernen der Bundeswehr, einem strukturell teilweise vergleichbaren Setting, sind hingegen kaum Infektionsfälle bekannt. Wir diskutieren, warum in Kasernen ein niedrigeres Infektionsrisiko bestehen könnte und leiten Implikationen für das Management von Covid-19 in Sammelunterkünften für Geflüchtete ab.
Inclusionary und diversitätssensibles Public Health in der Pandemie
Authors: Tallarek Marie , Spallek Jacob 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Othering beschreibt die Markierung von Menschen als „anders“ oder „nicht zugehörig“. Ausgehend von den Konzepten des exclusionary und inclusionary Othering diskutiert dieser Beitrag drei Ansätze zu i) exclusionary Public Health, ii) inclusionary Public Health und iii) diversitätssensiblem Public Health. Die Implikationen der Ansätze werden am Beispiel des Umgangs mit der COVID-19 Pandemie bei schutzsuchenden Menschen in Aufnahmeeinrichtungen und Sammelunterkünften in Deutschland aufgezeigt.
Wissenschaft, Politik und verfassungsrechtliche Verhältnismäßigkeit
Authors: Hart Dieter , Gruhl Matthias , Knieps Franz , Manow Philip 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Wissenschaft ist ein Erkenntnis- und Entwicklungsprozess. Politik nimmt die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zur Pandemiebewertung zur Kenntnis und integriert sie in ihrem Verhandlungs- und Kompromissbildungsprozess mit anderen Zielen. Verfassungsrecht bewertet politische oder verwaltungsmäßige Maßnahmen in einem durch die konkurrierenden Grundrechte strukturierten Abwägungsprozess, in den unter dem Aspekt der Risikobewertung sich entwickelnde wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse als Datum eingehen.
COVID-19: Die Rolle der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Hanisch Volkmar 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die COVID-19 Pandemie führt zu einer erheblichen Anzahl an kritisch Kranken, die intensivmedizinischer Therapie bedürfen. Vorbestehende strukturelle und personelle Probleme der deutschen Intensivmedizin werden aggraviert. Die Neuartigkeit der Infektionserkrankung und bisher unverstandene Pathophysiologie erschweren die Therapie, die einem raschen Entwicklungsprozess unterliegt. Studiendaten für Dexamethason und Heparin belegen eine Mortalitätssenkung in einigen Patientenkollektiven, während Remdesivir die Krankheitsdauer verkürzen kann.
Pottery Production in Mycenaean Laconia: NAA Results from the Palace of Ayios Vasileios
Authors: Hein Anno , Jung Reinhard , Kardamaki Eleftheria , Kilikoglou Vassilis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the provenance of Mycenaean pottery found in the palace of Ayios Vasileios in Laconia. It focusses on painted and plain fine wares and reports the results of neutron activation analysis (NAA). The analyzed ceramics cover all of the habitation phases of the palace as well as the short, post-palatial use of the site, i. e. LH IIB to LH IIIC Early 1 (ca. 1450–1180 BCE). A large part of these fine ware pots represents a compositional pattern, which probably relates to local or regional production during the palatial periods LH IIIA and IIIB. Very similar patterns are known from other sites in the Eurotas valley as well as on the southeastern Laconian coast. The diachronic analysis shows that a reduction of paste variability towards the use of a more homogeneous clay recipe occurred after LH II, i. e. approximately contemporaneously with the establishment of the palace at Ayios Vasileios. Relatively few samples of the painted fine wares are imports and can be assigned to the wider region of Mycenae. Interestingly, these imports are restricted to the earlier phases up to LH IIB/IIIA1.
Investigations of an anti-semiote: Stanisław Lem’s semiotic ideas in light of semiotic functionalism of Jerzy Pelc
Authors: Boruszewski Jarosław 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAt the turn of 1960s and 1970s, Stanisław Lem devoted some of his non-fiction writing to a discussion and considerations of semiotics. Most of them were expressions of a critical approach mainly directed against structuralism. However, Lem also formulated some positive statements although they were not developed systematically. The article offers an analysis of Lem’s semiotic ideas from the perspective of semiotic functionalism of Jerzy Pelc, mainly considering its two main components: contextualism and typological approach. Special attention is paid to the latter because both Pelc and Lem proposed some original solutions in this respect. What is meant here is the multidimensional typology of symbolic uses of signs developed by Pelc and Lem’s multidimensional typology of the situations of the reception of texts. Although they are independent form each other, these proposals show some convergence both in their ways of construction and roles they are supposed to perform. Henceforth, one can say that Lem was a crypto-functionalist.
Determinanten zur Akzeptanz der Einführung digitaler Technologien im genossenschaftlichen Agrarhandel
Authors: Munz Jana , Doluschitz Reiner 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Einsatz digitaler Technologien wird als notwendig eingeordnet, um sich der verschärften Wettbewerbssituation, die sich entlang der gesamten agro-food Wertschöpfungskette vollzieht, zu stellen. Auch der genossenschaftliche Agrarhandel muss sich dementsprechend auf eine digitale Transformation des Geschäftsmodells einstellen. Aufgrund dessen wird in diesem Beitrag anhand einer empirischen Befragung von Geschäftsführerinnen von Warengenossenschaften analysiert, inwieweit zwischen digitalen Technologien bezüglich der erwarteten Werte der Nutzung und zwischen verschiedenen tatsächlichen Werten der Einstellung gegenüber der Akzeptanz digitaler Technologien unterschieden werden kann. Insgesamt konnte eine sogenannte Einstellungsakzeptanz gegenüber der Implementierung digitaler Technologien bei den Warengenossenschaften nachgewiesen werden. Als größte Herausforderung auf dem Weg zur Implementierung digitaler Technologien konnten personelle und finanzielle sowie strategische und operationeile Faktoren identifiziert werden. Chancen, die sich durch den genossenschaftlichen Verbund ergeben, müssen daher gezielt genutzt werden, um Herausforderungen zu stemmen und Risiken gemeinsam abzufedern.
Assessing Group-Based Changes in High-Performance Sport. Part 2: Effect Sizes and Embracing Uncertainty Through Confidence Intervals
Authors: Turner Anthony N. , Parmar Nimai , Jovanovski Alex , Hearne Gary 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Today's strength and conditioning coach must extend their skill set to include data analysis, understating the validity and utility of p values, effect sizes, confidence intervals, and terms such as the smallest worthwhile change and minimal difference. The aim of part 2 of this 2-part review is to now build on our discussion of null hypothesis significance testing (covered in part 1) and introduce effect sizes, measures of variability, and confidence intervals, culminating in recommendations as to which may be the most viable options within the context of performance-based sport and thus potential methods to report group-based changes. This article has a series of worked examples to aid the reader.
The influence of nitrogen injection duration at the initial gas-water contact on the gas recovery factor
Authors: Matkivskyi Serhii , Kondrat Oleksandr 
Published: March 2021

This paper reports a study that employed a digital three-dimensional model of the gas condensate reservoir to investigate the process of nitrogen injection at the boundary of initial gas-water contact at different values of the injection duration. The calculations were performed for 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 months injection duration. Based on the modeling results, it was found that increasing the duration of the nitrogen injection decreases the operation time of production wells until the breakthrough of non-hydrocarbon gas. Based on the analysis of the technological indicators of reservoir development, it was established that the introduction of technology of the nitrogen injection into a reservoir ensures a reduction in the volume of reservoir water production. The cumulative water production at the time of nitrogen breakthrough to the production wells at the nitrogen injection duration of 5 months is 197,3 thousand m3; of 14 months – 0,038 m3. According to the results from the statistical treatment of estimation data, the optimal value for the nitrogen injection duration was determined, which is 8,04 months. The ultimate gas recovery factor for the optimal period of the non-hydrocarbon gas injection is 58,11 %, and in the development of a productive reservoir for depletion – 34,6 %. Based on the research results, the technological efficiency of nitrogen injection into a productive reservoir has been determined at the boundary of initial gas-water contact in order to slow the movement of reservoir water into gas-saturated horizons. This study results allow the improvement of the existing technologies of hydrocarbon fields development under conditions of water drive. The use of the results of the research carried out in production will make it possible to reduce the volume of cumulative water production and increase the ultimate gas recovery factors to 23,51 %
Analysis of the accumulation of amylolytic enzymes in triticale grain during malting process
Authors: Bayazitova Meruyert , Kekibaeva Anara , Baigaziyeva Gulgaisha , Askarbekov Erik , Zhamalova Dinara 
Published: March 2021

Generalization of the results of theoretical and practical research in the production of beer showed that the rise in prices for cereals, and in particular for barley, leads to an increase in the price of malt and, accordingly, an increase in the cost of the final product – beer. In this regard, modern brewers face the acute problem of a shortage of high-quality raw materials for beer production, as well as high competition in the consumer market. The need for inexpensive raw materials for brewing beer has grown significantly. Along with malt substitutes, a new product has appeared on the brewing commodity market – triticale. It surpasses barley in terms of the total amount of extract and other chemical indicators, so the use of this culture as a raw material for the production of brewing malt is a promising direction in brewing. In this work, we selected the optimal modes of malting grain triticale varieties “Balausa 8” to a moisture content of 40 %, 42 % and 44 % and germination for 3, 4 and 5 days at temperatures of 14 °C, 16 °C and 18 °C. Based on experimental studies, it has been found that 16 °C should be considered the optimal temperature for soaking triticale grains to a moisture content of 44 %. In the studies, the optimal mode of malting was experimentally determined for 5 days at a temperature of 16 °C, which made it possible to ensure the maximum accumulation of hydrolytic enzymes. Accelerated synthesis of amylases (217.99 units) occurs due to an increase in the rate of diffusion of gibberellin-like substances to the cells of the aleurone layer. The maximum accumulation of amylolytic enzymes is observed already on the 5th day of malting, which shortens this process by 2 days in the production of malt using classical technology
Determining the influence exerted by the static conditions of final squeezing on the compaction process of iron-based powder materials
Authors: Minitsky Anatoly , Minitska Nataliya , Okhrimenko Oleksandr , Krasnovyd Dmytro 
Published: March 2021

This paper reports a study into the process of re-compaction of powder briquettes in the conditions of static pressing at a pressure of 800 MPa. The technological parameters of the pressing process have been analyzed, which make it possible to improve the compaction of powder briquettes based on iron. Such parameters are the outer greasing, which reduces friction between a green compact and the walls of the press tool matrix, and the firing, which removes the deformation strengthening of the green compacts and increases their plasticity.
The green compacts’ sealing mechanism involved in the final squeezing process has been established, which is associated with the grinding of pre-compressed particles due to the strain in the contact areas. The increase in the stressed state of green compacts following the final squeezing was confirmed by the results of studying the residual micro-strains.
The change in the stressed state of iron green compacts has been confirmed by the study into the structurally sensitive characteristics, which include the materials’ magnetic and electrical properties. Determining the magnetic characteristics has shown that final squeezing leads to an increase in coercive force, which can be explained by both the increase in the stressed state and the grinding of grains. Investigating the impact exerted by the annealing environment on the value of magnetic characteristics has demonstrated that annealing in hydrogen is more effective in terms of improving magnetic properties than annealing in a vacuum. This is due to the refining of grain boundaries through the processes of reduction of oxide films.
The study of the mechanical characteristics of green compact materials based on iron powder has established that final squeezing leads to an increase in the hardness and strength of materials depending on the conditions of deformation. A significant improvement in the green compacts’ strength (820‒824 MPa) is due to both a decrease in porosity by 8‒10 % and an increase in the contact area as a result of plastic deformation after the annealing
Determining the possibility of using removable equipment for transporting 20- and 40-feet-long containers on an universal platform wagon
Authors: Shaposhnyk Vladyslav , Shykunov Oleksandr , Reidemeister Alexei , Muradian Leontii , Potapenko Olha 
Published: March 2021

An important role in the market of transport services belongs to container transportation. Railroads, especially under the conditions of increased competition from road transport, must respond quickly to the needs of the market and the growing demand for container transportation, including interstate traffic. Demand for container transportation can vary significantly during the year, which testifies to the expediency of introducing removable equipment on universal railroad freight cars that are involved in the deliveries of containers. This paper reports the design of a removable frame structure for a universal platform that could carry two 20-ft or one 40-ft container. The proposed technical solution does not require changes in the structure of the car and changes in its model; with a decrease in the demand for container transportation, it would allow this car to be used for its main purpose.
According to the current methodology, the efforts that operate on the frame during the transportation of containers have been determined. The strength of the proposed structure was estimated by a finite-element method. The maximum stresses arising in the proposed structure are 164.4 MPa; they occur in the corners of the stops attached to the stand-up staples of the platform. The resulting stress values do not exceed the allowable ones. The results of calculating the removable equipment indicate its sufficient strength. Requirements for placing cargo on the rolling stock assume a mandatory check to fit the dimensions, which confirmed that the container hosted by the frame does fit them. The proposed structure makes it possible to abandon disposable fastening parts, improve the safety of container transportation, and increase competitiveness in the container transportation market.