bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVENESS OF POLYETHYLENE SKIN WRAP IN PREVENTION OF HYPOTHERMIA IN PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES
Authors: Khan Goher Ali , Riaz Usman , Aziz Tariq , Iqbal Sara , Qureshi Tariq Aziz , Shafaat Hina Kanwal 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To establish the effectiveness of polyethylene skin wrap in prevention of neonatal hypothermia in preterm and low birth weight neonates.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatrics, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from May 2015 to Apr 2017.
Methodology: A total of 176 neonates were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, through non-probability consecutive sampling. Eighty eight newborns were randomly distributed to each of group “A” and “B” by lottery method. The intervention group “A” infants were wrapped in a polyethylene skin wrap from shoulders down while the control group “B” newborns were wrapped with conventional blankets. After shifting to neonatal intensive care unit, axillary temperatures were recorded with similar pediatric digital thermometers upon admission and after one hour and two hours following admission in the two groups.
Results: The mean temperatures measured at one hour and two hours after admission showed significant statistical improvements in the intervention group as compared to the control group (<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of polyethylene skin wrap in preterm and low birth weight neonates potentially offers a useful intervenetion in prevention of neonatal hypothermia.
INFLAMMATION OF INTERSTITIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE SPACE INDUCED BY LEAD ACETATE AND AMELIORATIVE AFTERMATH OF FICUSCARICAON RAT TESTIS
Authors: Asad Ayesha , Hamid Shabnam , Gul Afnan , Anwar Noreen , Bhatti Dujanah , Waseem Naureen 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To observe inflammation of interstitial connective tissue space caused by Lead acetate in rat testis and ameliorative after math caused by Ficuscarica.
Study Design: Laboratory based experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Anatomy Department, Army Medical College Rawalpindi together with NIH (National Institute of Health) Islamabad, from Mar to Nov 2017.
Methodology: Sprague Dawley male rats, 30 in quantity were chosen and 10 animals each partited into 3 groups. Treatments were given for 8 weeks, once daily. Group A was control group. Group B was treated with dosage of 30 mg/kg of Lead acetate. Group C was given dosage of 30 mg/kg of Lead acetate as well as 80 mg/kg of Ficuscarica. Twenty four hours after the concluding dose, animals were vivisected. For histological study, testis were fixed and stained with Haematoxylin and eosin. Interstitial connective tissue space thickness was morphometrically and assessed by SPSS version 22. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant in results.
Results: Interstitial space thickness was significantly increased due to inflammation (>3 times normal) in group B in comparison to groups A and C. Thickness of space was slightly increased (<2 times normal) in group C in comparison to groups A due to reduction in inflammation.
Conclusion: There was increased thickness of interstitium due to inflammation, cellular congestion and lymphocytic infiltration in rat’s testis because of lead acetate but concomitant dose of Ficuscarica protects against inflammation, venous congestion of interstitial space.
N-TERMINAL PRO-B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH NON-CARDIAC DISEASES
Authors: Ali Humaira , Alam Junaid M , Naureen Shazia 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To evaluate the levels of N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide in infants and children with non-cardiac diseases especially respiratory diseases.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology/Biochemistry Laboratory Services of Liaquat National Hospital Karachi Pakistan, from Dec 2018 to Nov 2019.
Methodology: Infants and children admitted to the Pediatric department with non-cardiac diseases were included in the study. Non-probability consecutive sampling was done. Blood was taken and analyzed for N- terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide, Troponin I, urea, creatinine, Lactate dehydrogenase, Creatinine Kinase, lactate and sodium analysis.
Results: Out of the 93 patients, 74 (80%) were diagnosed with respiratory disorders, with bronchopneumonia making up 54 (59%) Bronchiolitis 15 (17%) and 4% had miscellaneous respiratory diseases. Out of the remaining 20%, 8 (9%) patients were diagnosed with sepsis, and the remaining 11% were diagnosed with miscellaneous diseases. There was a positive correlation of N- terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide with Troponin I, urea, creatinine, Creatinine Kinase and Lactate dehydrogenase levels (p<0.05).
Conclusion: N- terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide levels were found to be raised in pediatric patients with non-cardiac diseases especially broncho-pneumonia and in future it may be used as a marker of bronchopneumonia in children.
HUMAN BREAST MILK FORTIFICATION WITH SKIMMED MILK AND OLIVE OIL FOR WEIGHT GAIN IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES
Authors: Waqqas Arouj , Ahmed Zeeshan , Farrukh Huma , Khalid Hina , Waqar Talal 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To observe the effect of fortification of expressed human breast milk with olive oil and skimmed milk in improving weight gain in very low birth weight neonates and shortening their length of hospital stay.
Study Design: A comparative prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Mar 2018 to Mar 2019.
Methodology: Neonates admitted with very low birth weight and gestational age of <34 weeks were included in study. Sixty babies were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling; random number table used to allocate them into a fortifycation group and a control group. The control group received expressed milk alone, while olive oil oneml twice daily and skimmed milk one gram in every third feed were added to expressed milk in the fortification group.
Results: The study comprised of 60 neonates, with 30 in each of the groups. Weight gain was 24.83 ± 5.63 in the fortification group and 11.72 ± 3.95 in the control group (p≤0.001). Mean hospital stay was 20.57  16.511 in the fortification group and 27.67 ± 8.89 in the control group (p≤0.043).
Conclusion: Olive oil and skimmed milk fortification of breast milk was effective for weight gain and reducing length of hospital stay in very low birth weight neonates.
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AMONG FEMALE PATIENTS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: AN UNDER ADDRESSED PHENOMENON
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Zahid , Fakhr Amer , Mumtaz Naila , Cheema Ahmed Ammar , Maqsood Syed Uzair , Sajid Yasmeen 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the sexual dysfunction among the patients of rheumatoid arthritis and assess the relationship of various factors with presence of sexual dysfunction among the target population.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Rheumatology department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Aug 2019 to Apr 2020.
Methodology: The sample population comprised of 350 married female patients of rheumatoid arthritis between the age of 18 and 45 years, reporting for the routine follow-up at rheumatology department a tertiary care hospital. Sexual function was assessed using the female sexual function index (FSFI). Relationship of age, duration of rheumatoid arthritis, presence of comorbidities and polypharmacy was assessed with the sexual dysfunction among the target population.
Results: Mean age of the study participants was 31.15 ± 4.22 years. Out of 350 women suffering from rheumatoid arthritis screened through female sexual function index, 172 (49.1%) had normal sexual function while 178 (50.9%) had sexual dysfunction. After applying the chi-square test, we found that polypharmacy and long duration of illness had significant association with the sexual dysfunction.
Conclusion: High reporting of sexual dysfunction among the women suffering from rheumatoid arthritis indicates that this has been a neglected phenomenon by the physicians and researchers and may be added in routine screening. Women with long duration of illness and those managed with more than one drugs should be focused more while screening for sexual problems.
MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) FOR THE DETECTION OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE AND THE QUINOLONE RESISTANCE GENE IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Waseem Hafsa , Naeem Afnan , Ali Sakhawat , Sarfraz Sharjeel , Usman Javaid , Gilani Mehreen 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae from the urine of male patients reporting with active urethral discharge using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). And the simultaneous detection of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) on the Neisseria gonorrhoeae gene using multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology department, Army Medical College Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar to Dec 2018.
Methodology: Male patients with active urethral discharge with no past history of antibiotic use for urethral discharge were included in study and patients without active urethral discharge and history of antibiotic use for urethral discharge were excluded. Urine of patients of active urethral discharge was collected and multiplex polymerase chain reaction was done by using two forward primers along with common reverse primer.
Results: In this study 24 (40%) of patients who presented with active urethral discharge were positive for gonorrhea. However Quinolone Resistance Determining Region is detected in 17 (70.83%) of cases and only 7 (29.17%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin.
Conclusion: The multiplex polymerase chain reaction is very efficient and effective method for the simultaneous detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and status of isolate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. And in Pakistan ciprofloxacin cannot be used as first line drug for the treatment of gonorrhea.
THREAT ANALYSIS OF REASONS LEADING TO FAILURE OF PERMANENT HEAMODIALYSIS ACCESS
Authors: Siyar Falak , Jamil Muhammad , Ali Kishwar , Latif Humera , Pervaiz Hafiz Khalid , Kharl Rai Ahmad Khan 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To analyze the commonest threats which lead to the failure of a permanent vascular haemodialysis access.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Vascular Surgery, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Nov 2018 to Nov 2019.
Methodology: All patients who presented with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG) related complications which can potentially fail an access were included. The frequency, with which these complications occurred, was noted.
Results: A total of 158 patients were included, 73 (46.20%) were male and 85 (53.80%) were females. The complications observed in order of frequency were arteriovenous fistulathrombosis (anastomotic or draining vein) in 60 (38%), pseudo aneurysms in 39 (24.68%), stealing veins causing non-maturity of the access in 14 (8.86%), venous hypertension causing extremity edema in 14 (8.86%) (7 due to stealing veins and 7 due to central venous stenosis), AVF anastomotic or draining vein stenosis in 8 (5.06%), wound hematoma in 5 (3.16%), wound infection in 5 (3.16%), true aneurysm of the draining vein in 4 (2.56%), steal syndrome in 3 (1.9%), wound seroma in 3 (1.9%), post op arm edema(not related to central vein stenosis orstealing veins) in 2 (1.26%) and compression neuropathy in 1 (0.6%) of the patients.
Conclusion: Complications of vascular access are the potential threats to the life of a permanent vascular access. Early diagnosis and timely intervention can help in fistula salvage.
ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS IN ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
Authors: Rasheed Yasir , Imdad Kaleem , Yasmin Raheela , Gul Ambreen , Jamil Aneela , Aslam Ummara 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of S. aureus in hospitalized patients of Islamabad.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Study Duration: Pakistan Institute of Medical Science, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Lab, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, from Sep 2017 to Sep 2018.
Methodology: A total of 500 samples were collected. The isolates were divided into four study groups according to their source of origin i.e. group 1 (dermal group), group 2 (nasal group), group 3 (blood group) and group 4 (urine group). Gram staining, catalase test and DNA se media analysis were done for validation of S. aureus. Disc diffusion test (for antibiotic susceptibility), Oxacillin disc test (to differentiate between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus) and minimal inhibitory concentration (for susceptibility to vancomycin), were performed.
Results: Degree of the prevalence of staphylococcus aureus was 21%, 17%, 9% and 8% in group 1, 2, 3 & 4 respectively. The overall prevalence of staphylococcus aureus was 19.5% in all isolates. The disc diffusion test showed the descending resistance pattern of isolates i.e. 100, 94, 94, 76, 58, 55, 47, 43, 40 and 37% for penicillin, ciprofloxacin, Kanamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, oxazolidinone, sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, clindamycin, and cipoxin respectively. Minimal inhibitory concentration found only one sample resistant at 2ug/l concentration of Vancomycin. Moreover, Oxacillin disc test showed 52% methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus while 48.2% methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus among all isolates.
Conclusion: There is an increase in the frequency of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. Single vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus strain was also isolated.
FREQUENCY OF PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS IN TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTE OF PAKISTAN AND COMPARISON WITH INTERNATIONAL DATA
Authors: Qurni Muhammad Owais , Tariq Hassan , Tahir Hiba , Din Hafeez Ud , Mansur Hamza , Nadeem Maria 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To analyze the histological spectrum of pediatric brain tumors (PBT) in Pakistani population and to compare the results with international data.
Study Design: Retrospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2015 and Dec 2019.
Methodology: This data was analyzed using the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification of Tumors of Central Nervous System 2016. The cases were divided in 5 categories according to age (0-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-11 & 12-14 years).
Results: A total of 43 cases were included in the study. Of these cases, 26 (60.46%) were male and 17 (39.5%) were female. Male to female ratio was 1.5-1. The 6-8 year age group had the highest number of tumors while 0-2 year age group had the least. Mean age of diagnosis was 7.6 years. Ependymoma wasthe most common morphological type with 12 cases (28%) followed by pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse glioma with 10 cases each (23%) and medulloblastoma with 9 cases (21%). Least common tumor subtype was Ewing sarcoma. Ependymoma were mostly of grade 3 (64%), pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma were of grade 1 and grade 4 respectively by definition, and diffuse gliomas were mainly of grade 2 (57%) type.
Conclusion: Ependymoma and pilocytic astrocytomaare the most frequent types of pediatric brain tumors in our region which follows the same trend as mentioned in western and regional literature.
IDENTIFICATION OF CAREER CHOICE MOTIVATIONS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND GENDER; A CASE CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Kiran Faiza , Irum Shazia , Zahoor Asiya 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To identify the reasons for choosing medicine as a career in medical students and find their association with gender and different academic performance.
Study Design: Case control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad Pakistan, from 2015 to 2017.
Methodology: A self-reported questionnaire was developed after thorough literature search and interviewing few students. All students who gave consent and filled questionnaire were included in the study. Students, who obtained less than 50% marks in professional examinations, were labelled as cases and those who passed were labelled as controls. Ratio of cases to controls obtained was 1:2. Data was analyzed using SPSS-23.
Results: Total 225 students took part in the study. Half of both genders [M=55 (50%), F=61 (53%)] came into this field by their own choice. Male students chose medicine as a career mainly because they were more passionate [M=51(46%), F=38 (33%), pvalue = 0.03], wanted to honor their parents‟ wishes [M=35 (31%), F=28 (24%)], and used to find biology easier than math [M=19 (17%), F=14 (12%)]. Female students chose medicine as a career mainly because they had a misconception of relatively easier career growth in medicine [M=4 (3%), F=6 (5%)].
Conclusion: Most medical students in this private institute came into medicine of their own choice. However, passion, honoring parents‟ wishes and finding biology easier than math was more evident in failed students and male gender whereas females came with misconception of an easy career path in medicine.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF P16 IN LOW GRADE UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Chaudry Muhammad Umer , Akhtar Farhan , Jamal Nighat , Mansur Hamza , Sarwar Nozaif , Saleem Yusra 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of Immunohistochemical expression of P16 in low grade urothelial carcinoma patients.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from May 2018 to Jul 2019.
Methodology: A total of 120 formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded blocks from patients having low grade urothelial carcinomawere included in the study and were stainedimmunohistochemically with P16 antibody. Expression of P16 was noted by two independent pathologists and nuclear stain of strong intensity was taken as positive.
Results: There were 91 (76%) males and 29 (24%) females with age range from 18-85 years (mean 67.19 ± 11.5 years) female to male ratio was 1:3. P16 stain was positive in (70.8%) and negative in 37 (31%) of low gradeurothelial carcinoma cases.
Conclusion: The p-16 is expressed in a significant number of urothelial carcinomas (low grade) and this marker could be used in routine practice for early identification of patients at high risk of progression to advanced stage.
La crisis raigal del ser moderno colonial en pleno Covid 19
Authors: Burga Jaime Ríos 
Published: July 2021

La crisis de horizonte de sentido histórico de la modernidad/colonialidad occidental pone hoy en cuestión todos los ámbitos y dimensiones de la vida. Entre el hedonismo y la soledad y hoy cada vez más el mayor control vemos como el cambio tecno científico redefinen la relación humanos-naturaleza, humanos-humanos, humanos-tecnociencia, en sus sentidos del ser, saber y poder. Vemos como en la complejidad del cambio la colonialidad, el capitalismo y el patriarcalismo como patrón de poder global en sus modelos intersubjetivos y lógica del Estado nación, familia burguesa, empresa y racionalidad eurocéntrica (Quijano, 2000) ubican en su continuidad histórica las nuevas situaciones y problemáticas. Cuestiones de racionalidad de un sistema histórico que nos llevan a comprobar que el viejo episteme de la causalidad única de la modernidad/colonialidad ya no nos permite comprender y explicar los presentes cambios haciendo urgente construir un nuevo paradigma epistémico y teórico de vida y conocimiento inter, multi y transdisiciplinar (Preciado, 2010).
OS JOGOS REDUZIDOS COMO FERRAMENTA METODOLÓGICA PARA O ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DO TREINAMENTO (EAT) DO FUTEBOL
Authors: Santos Alfredo Fagner Gonçalves , E Souza Fabiano Tadeu de Costa 
Published: July 2021

O futebol, modalidade esportiva coletiva, apresenta em seu desenvolvimento de prática um ambiente cheio de incertezas: variabilidades, aleatoriedades e imprevisibilidades. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para o seu ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento precisam contemplar a exigência de seu desenvolvimento e entre eles, os jogos em campos reduzidos (JCR) tem se constituído como uma ferramenta metodológica bastante adequada para essas demandas, podendo gerar influências em vários fatores de preparação dos futebolistas (Condicionantes Técnicos e Táticos). Objetivo: A partir disso, o presente artigo teve como objetivo geral descrever as contribuições dos jogos em campos reduzidos como procedimento metodológico no ensino-aprendizagem - treinamento do futebol bem com na preparação de futebolistas. Método: Foi realizado uma revisão de literatura a partir de publicações nas bases medline e lilacs, entre os anos de 2000 a 2017 e livros no período de 1994 e 2015, onde foram descritas as variáveis estruturais do jogo: quantidade de jogadores, campo de jogo, regras e tarefas. Conclusão: observou-se com o estudo que os JCR promovem melhoras no condicionamento físico, tático e técnico dos futebolistas, proporcionando um melhor rendimento aos atletas durante os jogos.
OS JOGOS LÚDICOS NA INICIAÇÃO DO VOLEIBOL PARA CRIANÇAS DE 8 A 10 ANOS LUDICIDADE E VOLEIBOL
Authors: Rodrigues Marcelo Francisco , Colla Anderson , Do Prado Leandro André Rodrigues , De Lazar Rosana Domingues dos Reis , Miguel Henrique 
Published: July 2021

O voleibol é um esporte de alta complexidade e imprevisibilidade, contendo habilidadesmotoras peculiares. No início da aprendizagem do voleibol, o professor deve propor aos alunos, brincadeiras lúdicas direcionadas para prática esportiva, respeitando o esenvolvimento motor da criança, seus limites, de acordo com a sua faixa etária. Objetivo: O bjetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os benefícios encontrados nos jogos lúdicos na iniciação do oleibol para crianças de 8 a 10 anos. Método: Este trabalho foi realizado a partir de uma revisão de literatura, utilizando as eguintes bases de dados: Scielo, Lilacs, Bireme, SBU, Sportdiscus e livros publicados, com as eguintes palavras chave: voleibol, pedagogia do esporte e iniciação esportiva. Resultados discussão: Dentre os estudos analisados, podemos destacar a sistematização o oleibol a partir de suas determinantes técnicas para a execução do jogo, permeando os métodos de ensino a partir da repetição do ovimento/fundamento. Conclusão: Conclui-se que aprendizagem do voleibol a partir do jogo mostra-se uma saída importante como possibilidade metodológica, pois, proporciona ao aluno as sensações contidas no jogo formal, para criança que inicia neste esporte é imprescindível.
LESÕES NOS ESPORTES COLETIVOS DE QUADRA. TIPOS, OCORRÊNCIA E TRATAMENTO: UMA BREVE REVISÃO
Authors: Coutinho Santhiago De Oliveira , Leão Iberê Caldas Souza 
Published: July 2021

Atletas sempre estarão suscetíveis ao risco de lesões. Profissionais de saúde devem estar preparados para apresentar métodos que ajudem a prevenir lesões, auxiliar no tratamento e oferecer ambientes de apoio para facilitar a recuperação das mesmas. Objetivo: Identificar quais os principais tipos, ocorrência e tratamento específicos para as lesões nos esportes coletivos.
CONCEPÇÕES PARA O ENSINO DA TÁTICA E DA TÉCNICA DAS MODALIDADES COLETIVAS NA ESCOLA
Authors: Lins Romulo José Cesar , Sousa Fabiano 
Published: July 2021

O trabalho surge a partir da apreensão acerca do ensino do esporte, em especial os coletivos de invasão, nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar.