bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Health Care Use and Spending for Young Children With Neurologic Impairment
Authors: Bayer Nathaniel D. , Hall Matthew , Li Yue , Feinstein James A. , Thomson Joanna , Berry Jay G. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Children with neurologic impairment (NI) are a growing subset of children who frequently use health care. We examined health care use and spending trends across services for children with NI during their first 5 years of life.

METHODS
This was a retrospective study of 13 947 children with NI in the multistate IBM Medicaid MarketScan Database (2009–2017). We established birth cohorts of children with NI and analyzed claims from birth to 5 years. NI, identified by using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, diagnosis codes, was defined as ≥1 neurologic diagnosis that was associated with functional and/or intellectual impairment. We measured annual health care use and per-member-per-year spending by inpatient, emergency department (ED), and outpatient services. Population trends in use and spending were assessed with logistic and linear regression, respectively.

RESULTS
During their first versus fifth year, 66.8% vs 5.8% of children with NI used inpatient services, and 67.8% vs 44.4% used ED services. Annual use in both categories decreased over 0–5 years (inpatient odds ratio: 0.35, 95% confidence interval: 0.34 to 0.36; ED odds ratio: 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.77 to 0.79). The use of outpatient services (primary care, specialty care, home health) decreased gradually. Per-member-per-year spending on inpatient services remained the largest spending category: $83 352 (90.2% of annual spending) in the first year and $1944 (25.5%) in the fifth year.

CONCLUSIONS
For children with early-onset NI from 0–5 years, use and spending on inpatient services decreased dramatically; ED and outpatient service use decreased more gradually. These findings may help systems, clinicians, and families optimize care by anticipating and adjusting for shifting use of health care services.
Collagen-derived peptide, DGEA, inhibits pro-inflammatory macrophages in biofunctional hydrogels
Authors: Jha Aakanksha , Moore Erika 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMacrophages are innate immune cells that play important roles in wound healing. Particularly, M1 macrophages are considered pro‐inflammatory and promote initial phases of inflammation. Long-term exposure to inflammatory stimuli causes an increase in M1 macrophages, which contributes to chronic inflammation. Activated M1 macrophages have been shown to upregulate integrin α2β1 expression. To interfere with α2β1 binding, we designed a biofunctional hydrogel utilizing a collagen I-derived peptide, DGEA (Asp-Gly-Glu-Ala). We hypothesize that M1 macrophage activation can be reduced in the presence of DGEA. Effects of DGEA on M1 macrophages were studied via soluble delivery and immobilization within poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. We demonstrate that M1 macrophage activation is reduced both via soluble delivery of DGEA in 2D and via immobilized DGEA in a 3D PEG-DGEA hydrogel. This novel biomaterial can manipulate inflammatory macrophage activation and can be applied to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions via macrophage manipulation.
Graphical abstract
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of the Whole Part of Dactyloctenium aegyptium Weed on Bengal Gram
Authors: Sahrawat Alka , Sharma Jyoti , Jawla Subhash Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Background: This study was conducted about the effectiveness of weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium. Weedsare familiar dominant, redundant, adverse and weed that contend with sophisticated crop for water, nutrient and sunlight and another several reasons such as, high growth rate, high reproductive rate and produce harmful or beneficial allelopathical effect of cultivated crops. The stems of Dactyloctenium aegyptium are willowy, geniculate and leaves are found roughly. Methods: This Investigation was done in 2018-19 to 2020-21. Different part of Dactyloctenium aegyptium as leaves and seed was taken from the near area of Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel Agriculture and Technology University Modipuram Meerut. The samples were shade dry for 24 to 48 hours and then grind in the powder form. The extract were prepare in different organic solvent as Methanol, Ethyl acetate, Butyl alcohol, Benzene and Water at 1:10 ratio. Antioxidant activity of weed extracts by three methods named DPPH FRAP and ABTS methods. Result: All part of this weed show effectiveness due to the presence of active compound, who responsible for the positive result. Extract mixed with media at a particular concentration i.e. 5%, 10% and 15% show effect on soil borne fungal phytopathogens and then over the surface of petriplate the growth was appear reduce when we increase the concentration of extract. At the end we conclude that the 15% extract concentration of both part of Dactyloctenium reduce the growth of all the soil borne fungal phytopathogens.
The eighteenth-century Dutch Republic and its inhabitants in the eyes of Teodor Anzelm Dzwonkowski
Authors: Ślęczka Tomasz 
Published: December 2021

Teodor Anzelm Dzwonkowski was an average-educated nobleman who left Poland at the end of the 18th century in search of wealth. In Amsterdam, he enlisted in the army and, with the rank of corporal in the infantry, travelled to the Dutch East Indies (1787–1793) — the account of this expedition forms the main part of his memoirs written years later.
The article shows how Dzwonkowski viewed the Netherlands, its people, and the way the Dutch East India Company (whose officials he considered to be an extension of the arm of the Republic’s government) operated. His remarks concerning them are present in a small part of his diary (and, in addition, not always expressed directly), because the author’s main interest was in the exoticism of southern Africa and the Far East, and in the Poles he met during his travels. Dzwonkowski was impressed by the management and wealth of the United Provinces, especially by the ease of making a career, although he could hardly be called uncritical: he also saw the dark sides of the local reality, including the loosening of moral norms and corruption. Interestingly, despite his noble background, he seems to be free of state and religious bias against the people of the United Provinces. His view of the Dutch does not differ from the way they were described by British tourists visiting the Dutch Republic during the Stuart Period.
Metabarcoding Reveals High Diversity of Benthic Foraminifera Driven by Atlantification of Coastal Svalbard
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Loi , Pawłowska Joanna , Angeles Inès Barrenechea , Zajaczkowski Marek , Pawłowski Jan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Arctic marine biodiversity is undergoing rapid changes due to global warming and modifications of oceanic water masses circulation. These changes have been demonstrated in the case of mega- and macrofauna, but much less is known about their impact on the biodiversity of smaller size organisms, such as foraminifera that represents a main component of meiofauna in the Arctic. Several studies analysed the distribution and diversity of Arctic foraminifera. However, all these studies are based exclusively on the morphological identification of specimens sorted from sediment samples. Here, we present the first assessment of Arctic foraminifera diversity based on metabarcoding of sediment DNA samples collected in fjords and open sea areas in Svalbard Archipelago. We obtained a total of 5,968,786 reads that represented 1,384 ASVs. More than half of the ASVs (51.7%) could not be assigned to any group in the reference database suggesting a high genetic novelty of Svalbard foraminifera. The sieved and unsieved samples resolved comparable communities, sharing 1023 ASVs, comprising over 97% of reads. Our analyses show that the foraminiferal assemblage differs between the localities, with communities distinctly separated between fjord and open sea stations. Each locality was characterized by a specific assemblage, with only a small overlap in the case of open sea areas. Our study demonstrates a clear pattern of the influence of water masses on the structure of foraminiferal communities. The stations situated on the western coast of Svalbard that is strongly influenced by warm and salty Atlantic Water (AW) are characterized by much higher diversity than stations in the northern and eastern part, where the impact of AW is less pronounced. This high diversity and specificity of Svalbard foraminifera associated with water mass distribution indicate that the foraminiferal metabarcoding data can be a very useful tool for inferring present and past environmental conditions in the Arctic.
Perfluorooctanoic Acid Promotes Pancreatic Β Cell Dysfunction and Apoptosis Through ER Stress and the ATF4/CHOP/TRIB3 Pathway
Authors: He Xiaowei , Wu Dan , Xu Yanan , Zhang Yaqin , Sun Yue , Chang Xiaoai , Zhu Yunxia , Tang Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a widely used chemical substance, causes an increased risk of human type 2 diabetes (T2D) through a currently unknown mechanism. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PFOA regulates the functions of pancreatic β cells, which are specialized for biosynthesis and secretion of insulin, and to reveal the underlying mechanism. Treatment of the MIN6 β-cell line with PFOA caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability in CCK-8 assays. Annexin V/PI and TUNEL staining results confirmed that exposure to a high PFOA dose (500 μM) promoted apoptosis of MIN6 cells, while a low dose (300 μM) had no effects on β-cell survival. PFOA treatment, even at a low dose, diminished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in both primary islet perfusion and MIN6 cell experiments. Bulk RNA-sequencing data showed a significantly increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated genes, with tribbles homolog 3 (Trib3) ranking first among the altered genes. Activation of ER stress pathways was verified by qRT-PCR assays, and the ATF4/CHOP/TRIB3 pathway contributed to PFOA-induced β-cell damage. Inhibition of TRIB3 expression significantly protected MIN6 cells from PFOA-induced GSIS defects and apoptosis by ameliorating ER stress. These findings reveal a link between ER stress and PFOA-induced β-cell defects, opening up an entirely new set of questions about the pathogenesis of T2D due to environmental chemicals.
Legacy of Intensive Agricultural History in the Health of (Sub)Tropical Landscapes
Authors: Crow Susan , Hubanks Hannah , Deenik Jonathan , Maaz Tai , Glazer Christine Tallamy , Vizka Elaine , Rivera-Zayas Johanie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Soil health conceptualized as a measurable ecosystem property provides a powerful tool for monitoring progress in restoration projects or implementation of best management practices to promote sustainable agroecosystems. We surveyed soils collected from a range of land uses (i.e., protected native and non-native forest, managed pasture, unmanaged previously intensive agricultural lands, organic cropland, and conventional cropland) across a range of soil orders (Oxisol, Mollisol, Andisol, Inceptisol, and Vertisol) on three Hawaiian Islands. Forty-six metrics associated with soil health and encompassing biological, chemical, and physical properties were measured. In this multivariate survey, the most distinct group was the unmanaged, previously intensive agriculture lands, which was significantly different from all other land uses regardless of mineralogy. Importantly, the soil health of well-managed pastures in Hawaiʻi was not different from protected forests, suggesting that well-managed grazing lands may be as healthy and resilient as protected forests. A suite of 11 readily measured parameters emerged out of a first-principle approach to determining a holistic indication of soil health across a range of soils and systems in Hawaiʻi encompassing much of the diversity in the tropics and subtropics. Every land use may improve its soil health status within a reasonable range of expectations for a soil’s land use history, current land use, and mineralogy. Key drivers of the measures for soil health, including intensive land use history, current land use practices, and mineralogy, must be interwoven into the soil health index, which should set minimum and maximum benchmarks and weight parameters according to equitable standards.
Process Optimization for Biosynthesis of Pyruvate Decarboxylase (PDC) and Neuberg's Ketol (PAC) from Novel Pichia Cecembences Through Response Surface Methodology using Industrial Waste as Substrate
Authors: Mushtaq Zarina , Mukhtar Hamid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose Phenyl acetyl carbinol (PAC) is an intermediate for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients(ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine etc.)which are used for the production of antiasthematics and decongestants. Chemical production of these APIsand extraction from plantis costly and cumbersome. Biosynthesis ofPACthrough condensation of benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde using PDC, amore effective method, is being used. These solvents can adversely inhibit PDC. Optimization of cointeraction of significant factors was done through Response surface methodology (RSM) in relatively short time.Method The effect of incubation time (8-18hrs), temperature (30-38oC), pH (4-10) and Inoculum size (4-10%,v/v)on PAC yield, sugar consumption and PDC activity was determined.PAC was quantifiedSpactrophotometerically and HPLC.All results and models were statistically analysed. PDC,produced in 5L flask using molasses as substrate, was exposed to 40mM benzaldehyde as whole cells, crude extract and partialy purified to determine its half life as residuel activity.Results PDC activity and PAC yield were 56.27 U/ml and 8.44 g/L, respectively. The yield of PAC(2.22 to 8.44g/L) was increased by 71% after process optimization through RSM with time (13hrs), temperature(33°C) and total sugar conc. (18%,v/v) as significant factors (p-values, 0.902, 0.260 and 0.247, respectively). Process design had Adj R2 0.562, R-Squared 0.770, Adeq Precision 4.888 with a uniformly distributed standard error.PDC used in the form of Pichia cecembences cells revealed higher stability towards benzaldehyde and temperature as compared to partially purified PDC.Whole cells and partially purified PDC showed half-lives of 240 and 72hrs at 4oC whereas, 33 and 28.5hrs at 25oC. PAC,purity though HPLC was 76.18%. Conclusions Time, temperature and sugar were significant factors as they increased the PAC biosynthesis.PDC from Pichia cecembences(crabtree negative;reported in other publication by same authors), as a whole cell and purified showed better half-lives at 4 and 25oC as compared to reported PDCs.Hence, it is a promising candidate for commercial production of PAC, as its PDC was stable at 4 and 25oC in presence of Benzaldehyde.
Bibliometric study of the combustion of cane cutting waste (RAC) in the capture of Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: PEÑA SANDRA EMPERATRIZ , FORERO CARMEN , VELASCO FRANCISCO 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective: To describe the combustion process of sugarcane RAC with CO2 capture by manganese-based oxygen transporters during the period 2015-2021. Design: Bibliometric observational study. Location: Combustion of cutting waste with CO2 capture by manganese-based oxygen conveyors.Main measures: Magazine, year of publication, first/last author, workplace and autonomous community were obtained in each register. Subsequently, the articles were classified according to their content or research area. The impact factor was obtained from the bibliometric analysis base of Scopus and Vos viewer.Results: Through the search criteria used, 475 documents were recovered in the 2015-2021 semester, excluding 2637 because they did not correspond to affiliation to centers or institutions directly related to documents related to chemical combustion and CO2 capture. In total, 73 documents were selected, in which an increase and interest in the study of these processes was verified both in the research areas and in the journals in which they are published. Most of the studies have been published in universities or research centers and differences were observed in terms of the volume of international and national scientific production, so it is necessary to increase these investigations in the country of Colombia.
Navigating the Care Between two Distinct Cultures: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Arabic-Speaking Immigrants in Norwegian Hospitals
Authors: Alkahled Tariq , Rohde Gudrun , Lie Birgit , Johannessen Berit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: During the past decades, there has been an increase in the number of immigrants to European and Scandinavian countries. This has challenged the health-care systems, which cater to the needs of patients despite their cultural and linguistic barriers, in these countries. Most studies on this topic have focused on the perspectives of health-care providers in delivering their service. However, the present study was aimed at understanding the lived experiences of Arabic-speaking patients in Norway in terms of their communicational and cultural interactions within the health-care system. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the linguistic-, cultural-, and health literacy-based problems experienced by Arabic-speaking patients regarding their interactions within the Norwegian health-care systemMethods: In-depth interviews with 20 participants and researcher’s participant observation were conducted to explore the idiosyncratic details and ascribed meanings that foreign-born patients attach to their everyday experience of the Norwegian health-care system. Thematic analysis was performed on the transcribed and translated versions of the in-depth interviews. Results: The findings of this study indicated three interrelated core themes. Firstly, there exist challenges in understanding and being understood because of linguistic and cultural gaps of newly migrated patients. Secondly, some patients missed the holistic and direct care available in their home countries. Finally, patients were satisfied with the Norwegian health-care system because of its compassion, care, and respect toward them as well as advanced health-care equipment. Conclusion: Arabic-speaking patients in Norwegian hospitals experienced long waiting times and linguistic problems. Hence, a better and specialized interpreter service may resolve problems emanating from communication within the system and the subsequent delays in treatment. Compassionate care and the feeling of respect and love is the core strength of the Norwegian system as perceived by the patients.
Inequality of nitrogen use and loss in global croplands caused by climate change
Authors: Ren Chenchen , Zhang Xiuming , Reis Stefan , Jin Jiaxin , Xu Jianming , Gu Baojing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Maintaining food production while reducing agricultural pollution is a grand challenge under the threats of global climate change, which has exerted negative impacts on agricultural sustainability. How agricultural nitrogen use and loss respond to climate change is rarely understood. Here we show that climate change leads to inequality of cropland nitrogen use and loss across global regions based on historical data for the period 1961-2018 from 143 countries. Increases of yield, nitrogen surplus and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are identified in 30% of countries, while reductions are observed for the remaining 70% of countries, as a result of climate change. Farm size changes further intensify the inequality of nitrogen use and pollution in global croplands. Yet, enlarging farm size can facilitate climate change adaptation, by which global cropland NUE could be increased by one-third in 2100 compared to 2018 under future shared socioeconomic pathways. Our results would be of great significance to sustain global agriculture as well as eliminate national inequalities on food production and agricultural pollution control.
Identification of Novel Gene Variants in Turkish Families with Non-Syndromic Congenital Cataracts Using Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Türkyılmaz Ayberk , Kaplan Aysin Tuba , Yalçın Sibel Öskan , Sağer Safiye Güneş , Şimşek Şaban 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to identify the molecular etiology of non-syndromic congenital cataract (CC) using whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis. Methods In the present study, ophthalmologic results and pedigree analysis of the families of 12 patients with non-syndromic CC were evaluated. WES analysis was conducted after DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples obtained from the patients.Results Twelve non-syndromic probands (10 male and 2 female) with bilateral CC were included in the study. Patient age ranged between 1 and 11 months. WES analysis showed pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in 7 (58%) of the 12 families and variant of unknown significance (VUS) in 5 (42%) of them. All the 13 different variants detected in 9 different CC-related genes were co-segregated with the disease. Autosomal dominant inheritance was found in 7 (58%) of the families and autosomal recessive inheritance was found in 5 (42%) of them.Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, the present research is one of the limited numbers of studies in the Turkish population in which genetically heterogeneous non-syndromic CC was investigated using WES analysis. Novel variants that we identified in DNMP, LSS, and WFS1 genes, which are rarely associated with the CC phenotype, have contributed to the mutation spectrum of this disease. Identifying the relevant molecular genetic etiology allows accurate genetic counseling to be provided to the families.
Frequency and Characteristic of Concomitant Fibromyalgia in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Gao Zi yu , Chang Zhan hao , Song Tian , Liu Dong fan , Li Xin , Lu Jing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a confounding factor for diagnosing and assessing rheumatic disease activity. This study sought to assess the extent of this syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients at our rheumatology department. The RA patients were divided into 2 groups (RA with FM and RA without FM) according to the score of the FiRST questionnaire and modified 2016 criteria for FM. We compared the clinical data and disease activities of RA patients with and without FM. As a result, RA patients with FM showed higher levels of CRP, ESR, DAS28-ESR compared with RA patients without FM in both FiRST questionnaires and questionnaires developed to diagnose FM(2016 criteria).Furthermore, RA patients with FM showed higher levels of IgA compared to without FM. For the blood cells count, RA patients with FM showed higher levels of white blood cells, platelets and lower levels of hemoglobin compared with RA patients without FM. Only by FiRST Questionnaires, RA patients with FM showed higher levels of RF compared to without FM. However, all groups showed a similar pattern in anti-CCP and IgG, IgM. RA patients with FM showed lower levels of vitamin D (VD) and higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6 compared with RA patients without FM.In conclusion,FM is a common feature in RA, more associated with high values of disease activity such as ESR, CRP and DAS28-ESR.