bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraint-Based Reverse Engineering From Ultrasound Cross-Sections
Authors: Menon Jai , Desai Ranjit , Buckey Jay 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper extends the “cross-sectional” approach for reverse engineering, used abundantly in biomedical applications, to the mechanical domain. We propose a combination of “projective” and cross-sectional algorithms for handling physical artifacts with complex topology and geometry. In addition, the paper introduces the concept of constraint-based reverse engineering, where the constraint parameters could include one or more of the following: time, storage (memory, disk-space), network bandwidth, Quality of Service (output-resolution), and so forth.
We describe a specific reverse-engineering application which uses ultrasound (tilt-echo) imaging to reverse engineer spatial enumeration (volume) representations from cross-sectional data. The constraint here is time, and we summarize how our implementation can satisfy real-time reconstruction for distribution of the volume data on the internet. We present results that show volume representations computed from static objects. Since the algorithms are tuned to satisfy time constraints, this method is extendable to reverse engineer temporally-varying (elastic) objects. The current reverse engineering processing time is constrained by the data-acquisition (tilt-echo imaging) process, and the entire reverse engineering pipeline has been optimized to compute incremental volume representations in the order of 3 seconds on a network of four processors.
Tactile Display for a Surface Texture Sensation
Authors: Ikei Yasushi , Fukuda Shuichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors have developed tactile displays which have vibrating pins to convey the surface texture sensation of object surfaces to the user’s fingertip. The tactile sensation intensity scaling was performed to obtain a sensation scale of the display by means of the JND (just noticeable difference) method. One dimensional curves on the scale were displayed to investigate the human sensitivity to an intensity change rate. A tactile texture presentation method based on the image of an object surface is introduced. Two kinds of experiment were performed to discuss the feature of the method. Texture discrimination is the first one, in which the effect of texture element size to the correct separation was discussed. Then the sensations produced by the display and those by real objects were compared regarding several samples that had a major feature of vertical lines and of not containing low frequencies. The results are summarized, which is followed by the future research work.
Perspective Browsing: An Approach to Concurrent Design Support System
Authors: Ito Teruaki , Fukuda Shuichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An approach of perspective browsing to concurrent design support system is presented based on the methodology of browsing design using the concept of perspective and the data structure called hypergraph. Hypergraph (HG) presents the high functional navigation for browsing design. The perspective model (PERMO) implemented using HG represents designer’s views and is designed to manipulate them in browsing design.
An example of bicycle design for the aged people using a prototype of bicycle design support system shows how to conduct perspective browsing in browsing design and its simulation shows the validity of our approach to concurrent design support system.
Advanced Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Using Behavior Modeling
Authors: Eubanks Charles F. , Kmenta Steven , Ishii Kosuke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a systematic method applicable at the early stages of design to enhance life-cycle quality of ownership: Advanced Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (AFMEA). The proposed method uses behavior modeling to simulate device operations and helps identify failure and customer dissatisfaction modes beyond component failures. The behavior model reasons about conditions that cause departures from normal operation and provides a framework for analyzing the consequences of failures. The paper shows how Advanced FMEA applies readily to the early stages of design and captures failure modes normally missed by conventional FMEA. The result is a systematic method capable of capturing a wider range of failure modes and effects early in the design cycle. An automatic ice maker from a domestic refrigerator serves as an illustrative example.
Automated Knowledge Acquisition in Proactive Design
Authors: Arciszewski Tomasz , Ardayfio David , Doulamis John 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses automated knowledge acquisition in the context of proactive design. It presents the results of a feasibility study conducted as a University-Industry collaboration involving the Chrysler Technology Center and George Mason University’s Laboratory for Machine Learning and Inference. The subject of the study was the acquisition of design knowledge for proactive design. Conclusions of the research conducted are provided.
A Goal-Oriented Design Evaluation Model
Authors: Kim Jun B. , Wallace David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a prescriptive goal-oriented design evaluation model. The approach uses goals or targets as is commonly observed in design practice. After providing motivation for a goal-oriented approach in the early stages of product design the concept and method, based upon subjective probabilities of acceptance, are formalized. A unidimensional acceptability function is defined and the mathematical construction of a multidimensional acceptability function is presented. Issues related to simplicity and measurement accuracy are discussed. Finally, the significance of uncertainty in relation to design improvement potential is discussed. The proposed method is then applied to an engine concept selection problem.
Generation of Component Degrees of Freedom From Assembly Surface Mating Constraints
Authors: Rajan Venkat N. , Lyons Kevin W. , Sreerangam Raj 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Most products are assemblies of components. The number of components can range from a few tens to a few millions. Assembly design involves the specification of component locations and orientations and the types of joints between them to achieve certain functional requirements. Current approaches to assembly modeling provide the designer the ability to specify high-level mating constraints between components which are then used to generate their locations and orientations. However, this provides little information about what types of joints have been created which have direct relevance to the functional performance of the product.
In this paper, we present a new methodology for computing component degrees of freedom from the specified high-level mating constraints. Two types of surface mating constraints are considered: fits and against. We show how multiple constraints of these two types constrain the component degrees of freedom. If the assembly being designed has a grounded component, the components’ degrees of freedom can be used to compute the joints that exist in the assembly. Eleven different types of constrained component degrees of freedom are defined ranging from unconstrained to completely constrained. An example is presented to illustrate some of the degrees of freedom.
Simultaneous Engineering of Quality Through Integrated Modeling
Authors: Soyucayli Soykan , Otto Kevin N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Simultaneous engineering has become the means to ensure quality through incorporation of manufacturing. This proves difficult without quantitative support tools. We present here a modeling based approach to simultaneously design a product and its production process. We demonstrate an approach of examining sensitivities of output to all inputs of a system, from product design specifications, process variables, and material specifications. We further develop mathematics of estimating the effects of in-line process control changes to increase quality. We demonstrate a method to choose noise sources to measure and process variables to control in-line based upon these measurements, and estimate the error reduction that such process control changes will provide. The tool allows simultaneous engineering of the product and process to increase quality.
A Prescription for Information Prospecting, Data Mining, and Design Refinement
Authors: Wood William H. , Agogino Alice M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a prescriptive methodology for conceptual design based on a process of information gathering and refinement. While these activities are generic to conceptual design, a mathematical framework is developed toward structuring the design space, approximating the design space by generalizing design data, and formalizing the iterative process of narrowing the design space while refining the level detail in the design specification. As a prescription for conceptual design, this method formalizes the conceptual design process around a key tradeoff — the value to be gained by making design commitments balanced against the reduction in size of design space these commitments bring. Because conceptual design decisions carry tremendous leverage through to all downstream processes, formalizing conceptual design toward reducing arbitrary design decisions and focusing attention on the most critical design concerns holds the potential to improve greatly the ultimate product of the overall design process.
On a Case-Based Reasoning Technique Based on Similarity Methods and its Use in Engineering Design
Authors: Rudolph Stephan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the field of case-based reasoning (CBR), the derivation of so-called ‘similarity measures’ is an unresolved open question. In this work dimensional analysis is used to derive appropriate similarity conditions for a CBR technique. For the subclass of all case descriptions consisting of real-valued quantities with physical units, it is shown how the Pi-Theorem can be used to construct similarity conditions from these case descriptions. Within this approach a proof for the correctness of the CBR technique can be derived.
The properties of the CBR technique using dimensionless groups indicate that it bears some potential in engineering design, where knowledge in the form of analytical equations is not always available. Often only pointwise and/or incomplete knowledge about the future design object in the form of previous designs, prototypes or simulation results is available and appears in certain cases to be sufficient for the new CBR technique.
The Influence of Information Characteristics on Preliminary Design Concepts
Authors: Knoop Willem G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An experimental approach to discover the use of information in conceptual design will give a realistic insight of the information requirements. This can be used to specify future computer support systems, and improve their performance, especially in the conceptual stages of design. A method to observe the use of information in a conceptual design process has recently been developed. The method has been tested and fine-tuned through the observation of 10 design sessions. Valuable empirical data resides from this experiment. Data has been analysed in several perspectives. This paper presents the results of the activity/information analysis in relation with the quality of the design concept for which a rating system has been defined. A significant positive correlation was found between the amount of communicated information and the rating of the design. Furthermore, a discussion is given on the relation between information and the activities of the designer. Analysis activities are more communication intensive compared to synthesis and evaluation tasks.
Life Algorithm: A New Tool to Develop a Distributed Autonomous System
Authors: Fukuda Shuichi , Konishi Fumikazu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recently an autonomous system that meets the growing demand for solving a problem in a diversifying environment has been desired in order to secure more robustness and flexibility. As a first step towards establishing such an autonomous system, we developed Life Algorithm (LA). Life Algorithm is fundamentally an extension of Genetic Algorithm (GA). While the conventional GA approach is based on genes and is homogeneous in its essence, LA is something more like a genome and realizes more diversity. A group of genes with different evaluation function is considered and these constitute agents. Thus, more individuality and more interaction between these agents can be taken into account and more robustness to cope with the widely and quickly changing environment can be realized. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of an LA approach by illustrating the example of power plant operation through simulation and an experiment of a solar cell system. The solar cell experiment demonstrates LA’s great flexibility and adaptability as a tool for developing such an autonomous system.
Characteristics of Enhanced Active Constrained Layer Damping Treatments With Edge Elements: Part I — Finite Element Model Development and Validation
Authors: Liao W. H. , Wang K. W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the enhanced active constrained layer (EACL) damping treatment with edge elements. A finite element time-domain-based model (FEM) is developed for the beam structure with partially covered EACL. The edge elements are modeled as equivalent springs mounted at the boundaries of the piezoelectric layer. The transverse, axial, and shear motions are included. The energy method in combination with the Golla-Hughes-McTavish (GHM) viscoelastic modeling method is used. The GHM dissipation coordinates can describe the frequency-dependent viscoelastic material properties. This model becomes the current active constrained layer (ACL) system model as the stiffness of the edge elements approaches zero. Without the edge elements and viscoelastic materials, the purely active system model can also be obtained from the EACL model as a special case. Lab tests are conducted to validate the models. The frequency responses of the EACL, current ACL, and purely active systems predicted by the FEM match the test results closely. Utilizing these models, analysis results are illustrated and discussed in Part (II) of this paper.
Adaptive LMS Model-Following Control Applied Inside a Closed-Loop
Authors: Smith Bradley R. , Robertshaw H. H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A Least Mean Squares (LMS)-style algorithm is derived for the feedback control problem. The algorithm allows a tap delay line within the closed loop to be used for control applications. This paper derives the algorithm and applies the algorithm to two simple control problems for which the solution is known and to one problem with an unknown solution. The first problem is a stable second-order system. The second problem is a unstable second-order system which is initially stabilized with the feedback loop. In both problems, the weights converge to the expected values. The stable problem is used again with an inaccurate model that has 50% more damping than the actual plant. The weights converge to a solution which increases the performance of the controller.
Reduction of Ship Vibration by the Dynamic Absorber
Authors: Hsueh Wen-Jeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The reduction of main hull vibration of ships by a semiactive dynamic absorber is investigated. The dynamic absorber system includes a moving mass, support springs, dynamic dampers and a control system. Only small electrical power supply is needed for the valve control of the damper and the operation of the control system. In this investigation, the operation theory of the dynamic absorber is first described. Then, a suboptimal control law for the absorber is derived based on the optimal theory. The numerical simulation results show that the dynamic absorber achieves better efficiency in hull vibration reduction than the passive type absorber during critical periodical excitation from the propeller. The vibration caused by multi-frequency excitation can also be suppressed by the dynamic absorber.
Passive Vibration and Noise Control of a Fuselage With the Floor Effect
Authors: Huang Yii-Mei , Dai Kuo-Wen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Using dynamic absorbers for reducing the vibration and the interior noise of an aircraft’s fuselage is studied. In this paper, the fuselage is modeled as a circular panel connected to a plate. The fuselage’s floor effect is considered herein via including the plate in the model. The source caused the vibration and the interior noise is a set of external pressures to the fuselage. Several dynamic absorbers are then attached to the fuselage for vibration and noise control. The dynamic response of the fuselage and its interior sound pressure are analytically formulated. From the numerical results, the absorbers are found to be effective in decreasing the vibration of the fuselage and the resultant interior acoustic pressure. Some general guidelines on absorber design are also suggested in the conclusions.
Minimization of Radiated Sound Power From Vibrating Shells by Optimal Placement of Lumped Masses
Authors: Belegundu A. D. , Koopmann G. H. , Constans E. W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
By optimally placing lumped masses on vibrating shells, it is shown that big reductions in sound power levels are achievable. The lumped masses, which weigh less than 10% of that of the structure, change the mode shapes of vibration such that the radiated noise is reduced. An example showing the mode shapes before and after optimization are included in this paper. What is interesting is that a perfectly symmetric vibrating structure admits a non-symmetric optimal mass placement. Total power from first four modes is reduced by over 13 dB.
Regenerative Damper With an Optimally Tuned Resonant Circuit
Authors: Okada Yohji , Yonemura Jun-ichi , Shibata Masa-aki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new energy regenerative type vibration damper and suspension systems have been introduced by the authors. However, it produces higher harmonic disturbing force to the vibrating system caused by the nonlinear property of regenerative circuit. For the small amplitude, it does not produce damping force and the energy is not regenerated. This paper introduces a new idea of using a resonant circuit between the actuator and the regenerative circuit. For the frequency range near the resonancy, the regenerative voltage is amplified and the efficiency will be improved. The circuit also decreases the undesirable higher harmonics to the damping force. For analitical simplicity, a resistance is installed instead of regenerative circuit and an optimal tuning condition of the resonant circuit is developed. A simple experimental setup is made. The results are showing high potential of improving the regenerative damper by using resonant circuit.
Modeling and Active Vibration Control for Bridge Tower Structures Under Construction
Authors: Seto Kazuto , Doi Fumio , Ren Mingzhang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For controlling multi-modes of vibration of flexible bridge towers under construction, a lumped mass modeling method and a new method of simple robust control are proposed. Although the robust control theory such as H∞ theory is useful for controlling systems with unknown factors and variable parameters, it is not effective to control multi-modes of vibration of flexible structures. This proposed methods are specified by combining the suboptimal control theory for reducing sensor number and filtering technique for preventing spillover of neglected high modes of vibration. Effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by showing that the first five modes of vibration of a model structure of flexible bridge tower are well controlled without spillover of neglected high modes.
On the Efficacy of Magnetorheological Dampers for Seismic Response Reduction
Authors: Dyke S. J. , Spencer B. F. , Sain M. K. , Carlson J. D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the efficacy of magnetorheological (MR) dampers for seismic protection of structures is investigated through a series of experiments in which an MR damper is used to control a three story test structure subjected to a one-dimensional earthquake motion. Because of the intrinsic nonlinearity of the MR damper, several earthquake amplitudes are considered to investigate the performance, in terms of both peak and rms responses, of this control systems over a range of loading conditions. The results indicate that the MR damper is quite effective for structural response reduction over a wide class of seismic excitations.
A Method for Large-Scale Structural-Acoustic Analysis
Authors: Shiohata K. , Nemoto K. , Iwatsubo T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method for large-scale structural-acoustic analysis in which a cavity is divided into several acoustic fields, and a transfer-function method is used to solve the acoustics efficiently. By solving simultaneous equations using the Gaussian elimination method sequentially for each pair of neighboring acoustic sub-fields, the calculation time and memory requirements are reduced. Calculation accuracy is the same as when calculating the entire acoustic field without first dividing it. We created two kinds of closed acoustic models (cavity models) and carried out numerical simulations. The results showed that the proposed method is effective for large-scale structural-acoustic analysis.
Comparison of Refined Beam Theory and FEM for Piezo-Actuated Structures
Authors: Seemann Wolfgang E. , Wolf Kai , Hagedorn Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For piezo-actuated structures a refined beam theory is introduced. In order to compare the analysis with previous investigations also the simple pin-force models are presented. The results obtained by these simple models for the static deflection agree well with the results obtained by the refined beam theory. However, the simple models are unable to predict the shear stress distribution in the bonding layer. Assuming ideal bonding between the piezoceramic elements and the beam a first approximation of the stress distribution in the bonding layer may be obtained by the refined beam theory. The results for the static case can be compared with results obtained by FEM. Especially for transient excitation of the piezoceramics the refined beam theory seems to have advantages in comparison with FEM.
Closed-Form Transient Response of One-Dimensional Continua
Authors: Wu Xuqiang , Yang Bingen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Exact and closed-form transient response of general one-dimensional distributed dynamic systems subject to arbitrary external, initial and boundary disturbances is determined. Non-self-adjoint operators characterizing damping, gyroscopic and circulatory effects, and eigenvalue-dependent boundary conditions are considered. Through introduction of augmented operators, a closed-form modal expansion of the displacement and internal forces of the distributed system is derived. The eigenfunction expansion is realized in a spatial state-space formulation, which systematically yields exact eigensolutions, eigenfunction normalization coefficients, and modal coordinates. The proposed method is illustrated on a cantilever beam with end mass, damper and spring.