bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levels and Spatial Patterns of Effective Population Sizes in the Southern Damselfly (Coenagrion mercuriale): On the Need to Carefully Interpret Single‐Point and Temporal Estimations to Set Conservation Guidelines
Authors: Lévêque Agathe , Duputié Anne , Vignon Vincent , Duez Fabien , Godé Cécile , Mazoyer Clément , Arnaud Jean‐François 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe effective population size (Ne) is a key parameter in conservation and evolutionary biology, reflecting the strength of genetic drift and inbreeding. Although demographic estimations of Ne are logistically and time‐consuming, genetic methods have become more widely used due to increasing data availability. Nonetheless, accurately estimating Ne remains challenging, with few studies comparing Ne estimates across molecular markers types and estimators such as single‐sample methods based on linkage disequilibrium or sibship analyses versus methods based on temporal variance in allele frequencies. This study aims at bridging this gap by analysing single‐sample and temporally spaced populations in the southern damselfly (Coenagrion mercuriale), a bioindicator Odonata species of conservation concern found in southwestern Europe's freshwater stream networks. A total of 77 local populations were sampled from a semi‐urbanised area located in eastern France near Strasbourg city, yielding 2842 individuals that were genotyped with microsatellites and 958 of which were also genotyped for 2092 SNPs. Spatial genetic structure was stable over time, suggesting porosity between alternate‐year cohorts. When accounting for spatial genetic structure, single‐sample and temporal estimations of Ne were consistent for each set of molecular markers. Biologically meaningful results were obtained when the effect of migration was minimising by considering metapopulation Ne estimates based on the level of genetic differentiation and population boundaries. In terms of applied conservation and management, most depicted metapopulations displayed large Ne, indicating no immediate need for conservation measures to mitigate anthropogenic pressures, provided that a continuous suitable freshwater network is maintained. However, urbanisation negatively impacted Ne levels in populations close to Strasbourg city. Because Ne is used to inform conservation decisions, caution is crucial in interpreting Ne estimates, especially in continuously distributed populations undergoing migration. Altogether, our study highlights the challenge of obtaining robust Ne estimates and the necessity of careful interpretation to set relevant conservation guidelines.
Engagement With Professional Stakeholders in Healthcare Research—The Case of the Dementia PersonAlised Care Team (D‐PACT) Project in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hussain Basharat , Wheat Hannah , Oh Tomasina M. , Byng Richard 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn this viewpoint we highlight a gap in the literature relating to the involvement of professional stakeholders in healthcare evaluation research.MethodUsing the Dementia—PersonAlised Care Team (D‐PACT) project as an example, we illustrate how professional stakeholder work can serve various functions, from understanding commissioning and policy context to contributing to detail of intervention components.OutcomeWe argue that identifying these project‐specific functions can help researchers to effectively plan when, how and for whom they will engage in professional stakeholder work across the course of an evaluation. In addition, we call for further evidence‐based guidance and sufficient allocation of resources (provided by those funding research projects) to support effective stakeholder work.ConclusionSuch support will not only enhance evaluation findings but also promote continued learning on best practice for professional stakeholder work.Patient or Public ContributionPublic and patient involvement contributors were involved in the main D‐PACT study design, development of data collection tools and interpretation of study findings.
Examination of Multimedia Learning Principles in Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Learning Environments
Authors: Çeken Burç , Taşkın Nazım 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMultimedia learning, encapsulating both visual and verbal information, has become pivotal in educational settings, with extensive research underscoring its influence. However, a notable research gap exists concerning the application and effectiveness of multimedia learning principles, precisely segmenting, pre‐training and modality, within emerging technologies like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). This deficit, coupled with inconsistent findings in computer‐based learning studies and a lack of focus on intrinsic cognitive load and motivation in multimedia learning, motivates the current research.ObjectivesThis research aims to provide insights by comparing the efficacy of these principles across different learning environments, including traditional, AR and VR.MethodsEmploying a 3 × 4 factorial design, this study involved 383 university students, randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups, to investigate multimedia learning principles in different environments. Participants engaged with learning materials on lightning formation and cell structure in various settings, including AR and VR, with data collected through multiple instruments, such as retention and transfer tests, and cognitive load and motivation questionnaires.Results and ConclusionsResults reveal that AR environments significantly improved retention scores in cell structure compared to traditional methods but had no notable impact on lightning formation. The effectiveness of educational strategies, such as modality and segmenting, depends on the subject's complexity and the learning environment's specifics. Importantly, the study underscores the need to tailor educational techniques to the subject matter, learning environment and individual learner nuances to enhance learning efficacy.
The prognostic value of the systemic immunity–inflammation index for cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality in cardiovascular disease patients with diabetes or prediabetes
Authors: Long Zhengyi , Du Jingyun , Hu Jie , Xiao Yang , Hou Can 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe relationship between the systemic immune–inflammatory index (SII) and the prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with diabetes or prediabetes remains uncertain. This study investigated the association between baseline SII and all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in American adults with CVD and diabetes or prediabetes.MethodsOur survey included 4,060 adults with cardiovascular disease and diabetes or prediabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998–2020). Using restricted cubic splines (RCS) based on Cox regression models and a two‐piecewise Cox proportional hazards model for both sides of the inflection point, we elucidated the nonlinear relationship between baseline SII and mortality. Mediation analysis was used to explore the indirect impact of SII on mortality through eGFR.ResultsIn the median 129 months of follow‐up, 620 people died from cardiovascular causes and 1,800 from all causes. In the CVD population with diabetes or prediabetes, SII showed a U‐shaped relationship with all‐cause mortality. The association between SII and CVD mortality was nonlinear and J‐shaped. Stratified and interaction analysis confirmed the stability of the core results. Notably, eGFR partially mediated the association between SII and both all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality by 9.4% and 6.9%, respectively.ConclusionsSII revealed a U‐shaped relationship with all‐cause mortality (inflection point: lnSII = 6) and a J‐shaped association with CVD mortality (inflection point: lnSII = 5.73) in CVD patients with diabetes or prediabetes among American patients. Thus, assessing the SII index may offer valuable insights into risk assessment and prognosis in patients with CVD who are diabetic or prediabetic.
Guidance Documents for Off‐Label Drug Use Management for Chinese Health Care Institutions: A Scoping Review
Authors: Shi Changcheng , Yang Yingying , Wu Changling , Wang Limin , Dong Yehua , Qi Yajun , Hu Lingling , Chen Ling , Li Qingyu , Jiang Qianqian , Lin Nengming , Wang Gang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundOff‐label drug use (OLDU) is a common practice in health care institutions, and numerous guidance documents have been developed to guide the management of OLDU in China. This scoping review aims to compare these documents and identify existing issues.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, three Chinese databases, the National Public Service Platform for Standards Information and the official websites of pharmaceutical‐related associations were searched to identify guidance documents relevant to the management of OLDU for Chinese health care institutions. We extracted and compared the recommended practices for various aspects of OLDU management, including management systems, organizational structure, prerequisites for OLDU, approval processes, evidence‐based evaluation, informed consent, and other related aspects.ResultsA total of 16 guidance documents were included, comprising 12 expert consensuses, 2 practice guidelines, and 2 group standards. Only six documents provide specific requirements for the establishment of management systems. Management of OLDU requires involvement from multiple departments or committees, yet only a few documents explicitly delineate the supervisory authority, and the responsibilities of the parties involved. These documents also show significant disparities in their approval process, evidence‐based evaluation, and informed consent recommendations. Furthermore, only a minority of the documents provide specific requirements for training and assessments focused on OLDU and improving adverse reaction monitoring.ConclusionThese guidance documents differ significantly in their specific recommendations for the management of OLDU and lack sufficient emphasis on certain critical aspects. It may be beneficial for health administrative authorities to promote the development of unified national guidelines.
The efficacy of market timing and value creation
Authors: Lan Chunhua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this article, I use a total timing measure that differentiates between cash‐flow timing and discount‐rate timing to assess value creation among actively managed US equity mutual funds. My findings indicate that some funds exhibit cash‐flow timing skills. Collectively, the top 20% of timing funds generate $3.4 billion annually in constant January 2000 dollars. Both sector rotation and individual stock selection contribute to executing timing techniques. Skilled timing funds shift their stockholdings toward cyclical sectors when anticipating positive changes in aggregate cash flows and toward defensive sectors when anticipating negative changes. Sector funds demonstrate similar cash‐flow timing skills through their individual stock bets.
Life Challenges and Quality of Life of People Living With Coeliac Disease: Time of Diagnosis Matters
Authors: Stroebele‐Benschop Nanette , Rau Christine J. , Dieze Anastasia , Bschaden Andreas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have examined the quality of life of patients with coeliac disease. There is a lack of understanding about potential changes in emotional responses and life challenges after diagnosis. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the emotional impact, life challenges and quality of life in people living with coeliac disease in Germany.MethodsAn online survey was conducted among patients with coeliac disease to assess difficulties in implementing a gluten‐free diet in daily life activities, including food shopping and preparation, and eating away from home, as well as additional costs of time and money. Furthermore, the questionnaire assessed the time of diagnosis, emotions felt after diagnosis and today, compliance regarding the gluten‐free diet and sociodemographic data. Participants were recruited in 2022 via social media, newsletters and websites. Out of 1286 participants who had taken part in the survey, 766 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the data analysis.ResultsThe majority of the respondents (aged 18–83 years) were female (93%) and almost 50% were diagnosed more than 5 years ago. Negative emotion ratings related to the disease were associated with age at the time of diagnosis and years passed since diagnosis. While compliance was high with 89% of respondents strictly adhering to the gluten‐free diet, patients with coeliac disease reported mainly life challenges in social situations involving food such as out‐of‐home consumption in restaurants, at work and while travelling. These challenges appear to persist over time.ConclusionsNegative emotions and difficulties in implementing a gluten‐free diet are negatively impacting individuals with coeliac disease, particularly in the first months after diagnosis. Particularly adolescents and young adults appear to be negatively impacted. The study emphasises the need to improve the quality of life in all impacted areas through better guidance and improved training of health professionals as well as food providers outside of home and through psychological counselling in the first year of diagnosis to better help individuals improve their quality of life.
Factors Associated With Depression in Caregivers of Adults With Down Syndrome
Authors: Bodde Amy E. , Helsel Brian C. , Danon Jessica , Sherman Joseph , Rice Anna , Williams Kristine , Forseth Bethany , Donnelly Joseph E. , Ptomey Lauren T. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFamily caregivers of those with developmental disabilities have higher rates of depression and anxiety compared with caregivers of those without development disability. Few studies have examined factors that contribute to caregiver depression, including the appraisal of caregiving responsibilities and the physical fitness and daily function of the care recipient. The purpose of this study was to identify intrapersonal (caregiver) and interpersonal (care recipient) factors associated with depressive symptoms in caregivers of adults with Down syndrome (DS).MethodsTwenty‐four adults with DS participating in a 12‐month physical activity trial completed physical fitness and function tests (VO2peak, hand grip strength, timed up and go, five times sit to stand) and activities of daily living (ADL) surveys at their baseline visit. Caregivers (n = 24) of the adults with DS completed surveys on caregiving distress, quality of life (QoL) and depressive symptoms. We evaluated the associations of these assessments on caregiver depressive symptoms using Mann–Whitney U tests and Spearman correlations.ResultsAdults with DS were 23 ± 7.5 years, 58% female; caregivers were 54 ± 10 years, 100% female, 96% family members. Caregiver depressive symptoms were significantly associated with caregiving distress (p = 0.024) and caregiving QoL (r = −0.58, p = 0.003). Hand grip strength of care recipients was inversely correlated with caregiver depressive symptoms (r = −0.45, p = 0.03), but other assessments of physical function and ADL were not associated with caregiver depressive symptoms.ConclusionsCaregiver depressive symptoms were related to modifiable factors related to the caregiver and care recipient. Intervening to improve caregiving appraisal and functional strength of the care recipient may positively impact caregiver mental health.
Clinical Study of Intradermal Injection of Non‐Crosslinked Sodium Hyaluronate Combined With Human Epidermal Growth Factor in the Treatment of Skin Barrier Injury in Plateau Area
Authors: He Ao , Liu Boyan , Hua Yingjian , Gong Zhuo , Gan Fengshan , Zhou Qingzhu , Wang Songmei , Zhao Xian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau's high‐altitude setting is characterized by intense solar ultraviolet radiation, a significant environmental stressor that frequently leads to skin barrier damage. This damage presents clinically as erythema, itching, and desquamation, underscoring the need for effective reparative interventions.AimsThe objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of a novel treatment protocol that integrates non‐crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) injection with microneedle application of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) for the restoration of skin barrier function in regions of high altitude.MethodsSixty female subjects exhibiting characteristic signs of skin barrier impairment were randomized into four cohorts: a control group and three experimental groups differentiated by hEGF concentration. The intervention comprised subdermal HA injection coupled with microneedle therapy. The VISIA digital skin analysis system was utilized to quantify skin barrier integrity, with assessments performed by a panel of dermatologists and through patient self‐evaluations at baseline and postintervention.ResultsA marked reduction in erythema and indices of skin barrier damage was observed in the experimental groups relative to the control. The cohort administered 10 000 IU hEGF exhibited the most pronounced restoration of skin barrier function, indicative of a dose‐dependent therapeutic response. The treatment demonstrated favorable tolerability without any reported adverse events.ConclusionsThe conjoint application of non‐crosslinked HA and hEGF presents as a potent therapeutic modality for the repair of the skin barrier in high‐altitude environments. Our findings indicate that an optimized concentration of hEGF is pivotal for achieving the most efficacious treatment outcomes.
Hepatitis B Patients' Adherence to Treatment in Relation to Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) in the West Bank, Palestine, 2022–2023
Authors: Sawalmeh Ayham , Johansson Emily White , Kostas Danis , Hjaijeh Dia'a 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHepatitis B is an infectious disease that inflicts high health and economic costs on the healthcare system. Poor adherence to treatment increases that cost. We aimed to assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among patients in the West Bank, Palestine, and identify factors associated with good adherence. We conducted a cross‐sectional study surveying hepatitis B patients visiting primary healthcare during October 2022 until June 2023 using an interviewer‐administered questionnaire covering qualitative and quantitative aspects regarding hepatitis B. We considered adherence as good if participants received > 90% of their monthly prescription antiviral doses. Among 386 participants, the median age was 45 years (range 20–81); 80% had good adherence to treatment. Mean knowledge score was 11.4 (on a 13‐point scale), mean attitude score was 3.4 (on a 4‐point scale), mean practices score was 6 (on a 7‐point scale) and the mean overall KAP score was 21.8 (on a 24‐point scale). KAP components (Cronbach alpha = 0.820) were correlated with good adherence (p < 0.001). After adjustment for other factors, participants with good KAP scores had better adherence to treatment than those without (prevalence ratio: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.10–1.84, p‐value = 0.011). We recommend investment in education and awareness campaigns to improve adherence.
Cafeosite, Ca4Fe2+3Fe3+2□O6S4, a new meteoritic oxysulfide, a redox indicator of metamorphic alteration of carbonaceous asteroids
Authors: Ivanova Marina A. , Britvin Sergey N. , Gulyaeva Roza I. , Petrova Sofia A. , Zinovieva Nina G. , Kozlov Vladimir V. , Tyushnyakov Stanislav N. , Kasatkin Anatoly V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA natural iron‐bearing oxysulfide, named сafeosite after its chemical composition, is a unique example of a mineral that simultaneously contains iron in three oxidation states: Fe3+, Fe2+, and intermediate between Fe2+ and Fe0 involved in metallic‐type FeFe bonding. Cafeosite was discovered in metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrite Dhofar 225, which is classified as CM‐anomalous but likely related to the CY (Yamato‐type) group. The mineral occurs as tiny anhedral grains that coalesce into irregular aggregates up to 20 μm, commonly encrusted by micrometer‐thick troilite or pyrrhotite rims. The grains are randomly disseminated within a chondrite matrix composed of thermally altered phyllosilicates. Associated accessory minerals are troilite, pyrrhotite, Fe‐rich, Al‐bearing olivine, unknown Al‐bearing Fe sulfide, Al‐rich chromite, kamacite, awaruite, pentlandite, escolaite, and perovskite. In reflected light, cafeosite is gray, with no internal reflections. Anisotropy is moderate, bireflectance in gray hues. Infrared microspectroscopy did not reveal any bands attributable to (OH)−, H2O or CO32− vibrations. Owing to the small grain size, the crystal structure of the mineral has been studied using synthetic analog, which was found to be isostructural with natural cafeosite based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data. Cafeosite is orthorhombic, space group Cmce (#64), a 17.4856(9), b 11.1516(5), c 11.1543(5) Å, V 2175.0(2) Å3, Z = 8, Dx = 4.11 g cm−3. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to R1 = 0.039 for 1105 unique reflections. Chemical composition of both natural and synthetic cafeosite corresponds to the formula Ca4Fe2+3Fe3+2(□1−xFex)O6S4 where (□1−xFex) denotes structural vacancy partially occupied by semimetallic‐type Fe (x = 0.2–0.3). The ideal endmember formula of the mineral is Ca4Fe2+3Fe3+2□O6S4. Cafeosite was likely formed from previously altered precursor material of Dhofar 225, which, like common CM chondrites, consisted of phyllosilicates, Ca‐bearing carbonates, tochilinite‐like sulfides–hydroxides and pyrrhotite. During thermal metamorphism at temperatures between 750 and 900°C, sulfides–hydroxides were partly sintered with calcined carbonates and iron oxides, resulting in cafeosite formation. Due to varying and redox‐dependent contents of Fe3+ and Fe2+, as well as the presence of metallic‐type Fe in the structure, cafeosite could be regarded as a single‐phase redox indicator alternative to the known triple‐phase buffers, for example, iron–magnetite–pyrrhotite (IM‐Po), iron–wüstite–pyrrhotite (IW‐Po) and magnetite–wüstite–pyrrhotite (MW‐Po) systems. Discovery of cafeosite provides insight into a previously obscured aspect of CY‐chondrite formation: the redox conditions of thermal metamorphism on carbonaceous asteroids.
Exploring the Decision Making of Women When Planning an Induction of Labor: A Multi‐Method Design
Authors: Sistanis Jasmine , Street Maryann , Nicholson Patricia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to explore women's preferences and experiences of degree of control in decision making when planning an induction of labor (IOL). This multi‐method study was conducted using semi‐structured individual interviews and the completion of two Control Preferences Scales by eight postnatal women from a metropolitan health service in Melbourne, Australia. Four themes were generated from the interview data: “shared decision making”; “changing expectations”; “IOL experience”; and “informed consent.” Women's expectations of, and preferences for, an IOL changed during pregnancy and were influenced by their perception of risk to the fetus, indication for the procedure, and trust in clinicians. Information that was personalized to the woman to include practical aspects, risks, and alternative options was rarely provided. Overall, women reported that they did not experience the degree of control they preferred when planning an IOL. Clinician understanding of decision making preferences of women when planning an IOL can assist with care that is individualized and aligned to women's values, which is crucial to improving the quality of care provided.