bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections on research questions in mobile assisted language learning
Authors: Kukulska-Hulme Agnes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch questions are central to mobile assisted language learning (MALL) projects and studies, yet they have received little attention to date. Taking research questions as its central focus, this paper offers some reflections on the complexity of the broader field of mobile learning, on different kinds of research, on salient themes and challenges in mobile learning and MALL, and it suggests some research directions for the future. Since MALL research is interdisciplinary, and since research questions are an object of study in other fields of knowledge, the paper refers to sources from multiple disciplines to support a more comprehensive consideration of current and future research questions in MALL. The paper is fundamentally an invitation to a global conversation about research questions in MALL.
Designing an online business communication course in English by responding to student needs through an evidence-based approach
Authors: Shrestha Prithvi N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Communication skills are essential for the employability and academic success of business graduates. These skills are either embedded in undergraduate business management courses or taught in a separate course. Designing an English communication course for business management students is reported widely in the literature. However, research on such courses for distance education is scarce despite their increasing demand for distance courses due to an increasing globalisation of higher education and workplaces. This paper reports on the evidence-based design of an award-winning online business communication course in English which responded to changing needs of distance business management students at The Open University, UK. It draws on student needs analysis data (student surveys, online forum posts, industry skills survey reports and a content analysis of business management courses and assignments) and course evaluation surveys to investigate how the online course addressed student needs in terms of course content, teaching and learning and assessment. It argues that student needs analysis is paramount for any new course design and online delivery because the success of a course relies on meeting student needs. The paper has implications for business communication course design and business communication teachers.
The effectiveness of corpus-based training on collocation use in L2 writing for Chinese senior secondary school students
Authors: Fang Liuqin , Ma Qing , Yan Jiahao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Corpus tools are known to be effective in helping L2 learners improve their writing, especially regarding their use of words. Most corpus-based L2 writing research has focused on university students while little attention has been paid to secondary school L2 students. This study investigated whether senior secondary school students in China, upon receiving corpus-based training under the framework of data-driven learning (DDL), could improve their vocabulary use, especially the use of collocations, in their writing for the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) test. Twenty-two students aged 16–18 in a senior secondary school in Nanchang, China who were planning to take the IELTS exam participated in the study. Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and Word and Phrase were the main corpora that the participants used to learn various search functions. Pre-writing and post-writing tests were administered to measure the effect of corpus training. In addition, a questionnaire and interviews were used to collect students’ perspectives and attitudes. The results indicate that students made improvement in word selection after three corpus training sessions, and their attitudes towards corpus use were positive even though they were restricted from using computers to access corpora inside their school.
Investigation on the acoustic properties of structural gradient 316L stainless steel hollow spheres composites
Authors: Wang Chunhe , Guo Chunhuan , Jiang Fengchun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, a kind of structural gradient metal hollow spheres composites (SG-MHSCs) were fabricated using two kinds of 316L stainless steel hollow spheres with different diameters and A356 aluminum through the casting method. Then the density of the SG-MHSCs was measured by the direct measurement; the microstructure of the SG-MHSCs was characterized by the Scanning Electron Microscope. Meanwhile, the acoustic performance of MHSCs was tested by the impedance tube, and the sound absorption and insulation mechanism SG-MHSCs were discussed and analyzed.
Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and monocyte/HDL cholesterol ratio are related with subclinical hypothyroidism in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Cakir Isil , Simsek Yasin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
There is an association between serum thyrotropin (TSH) and lipid profile. However, there is a little information regarding the relation between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), atherogenic indices and inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Herein, we aimed to evaluate the impact of SCH on lipids and inflammatory markers in newly diagnosed PCOS patients.

Methods
Two groups were performed for total 99 PCOS patients: SCH (TSH>2.5 mIU/L) and euthyroid groups (TSH<2.5 mIU/L). Complete blood count, lipids, atherogenic indices were evaluated, inflammatory markers as platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and mean platelet volume/platelet ratio (MPR) were calculated.

Results
SCH group had higher WBC, PLT, PCT, PLR, MPR and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Differences between MHR, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (TC/HDL), triglycerides/HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL) and low density lipoprotein/HDL cholesterol (LDL/HDL) levels were significantly higher (p=0.001; 0.01; 0.01; 0.02, respectively), TC/HDL cholesterol levels were positively correlated with TSH (p=0.028, r=0.402) in SCH group. TC/HDL levels were also correlated with WBC, PLT, PDW, PCT, MPR and MHR (p=0.003; 0.011; 0.031; 0.037; 0.006; 0.002; r=0.515; 0.442; −0.382; 0.370; −0.471; 0.523, repectively).

Conclusions
TC/HDL and MHR may serve as beneficial markers for evaluating the inflammatory state of PCOS with SCH. Screening thyroid hormones and curing SCH in PCOS may lower lipids, decelerate developing hypothyroidism and cardiovascular morbidities.
Das phönizische Kolorit von Psalm 45
Authors: Mathys Hans-Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Psalm 45 has – apart from its frame – a distinct Phoenician orientation. In addition to the »daughter of Tyre,« there are mythical-theological aspects that point to Phoenicia, such the titling of the king as a god, the pairing of God’s law and justice, and the parallel expression »scepter and throne«; likewise, there are also »civilizational« aspects, such as the emphasis on beauty, clothing, ivory palaces, myrrh, aloes, and cassia, and finally the extensive, primarily female constellation of people in the psalm. This thesis finds support through texts of various origins, but especially from the Old Testament.
An International Survey of the Concept of Effective Psychodynamic Treatment During the Pandemic
Authors: Gordon Robert M. , Shi Zhenyu , Scharff David E. , Fishkin Ralph E. , Shelby R. Dennis 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Most psychotherapists had no choice during the COVID-19 pandemic but to offer teletherapy in order to provide needed treatment. Several psychoanalytic theorists wondered if the very concept of treatment would change without an embodied relationship in an office setting. Methods: To attempt to understand the current concept of effective psychodynamic treatment in the new norm of teletherapy, we surveyed practitioners from 56 countries and regions who remotely treated patients psychodynamically during the beginning months of the pandemic. We asked the practitioners to rank six factors felt to be important to psychodynamic treatment: use of the couch during sessions, session in-office or via teletherapy, cultural similarity between therapist and patient, number of sessions a week, patient factors (motivation, insightfulness, and high functioning) and therapist factors (empathy, warmth, wisdom, and skillfulness). Results: We received 1,490 survey responses. As predicted, we found that the therapist and patient variables were considered much more important (both tied as highest rankings) to effective treatment than any of the other variables, including if the therapy was in-office or by teletherapy. Discussion: Psychodynamic practitioners worldwide confirmed that the empathy, warmth, wisdom, and skillfulness of the therapist and the motivation, insightfulness, and level of functioning of the patient are most important to treatment effectiveness regardless if the treatment is remote or embodied.
Sex Differences in Behavioral and Brainstem Transcriptomic Neuroadaptations following Neonatal Opioid Exposure in Outbred Mice
Authors: Borrelli Kristyn N. , Yao Emily J. , Yen William W. , Phadke Rhushikesh A. , Ruan Qiu T. , Chen Melanie M. , Kelliher Julia C. , Langan Carly R. , Scotellaro Julia L. , Babbs Richard K. , Beierle Jacob C. , Logan Ryan W. , Johnson William Evan , Wachman Elisha M. , Cruz-Martín Alberto , Bryant Camron D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe opioid epidemic led to an increase in the number of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) cases in infants born to opioid-dependent mothers. Hallmark features of NOWS include weight loss, severe irritability, respiratory problems, and sleep fragmentation. Mouse models provide an opportunity to identify brain mechanisms that contribute to NOWS. Neonatal outbred Swiss Webster Cartworth Farms White (CFW) mice were administered morphine (15 mg/kg, s.c.) twice daily from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P14, an approximation of the third trimester of human gestation. Female and male mice underwent behavioral testing on P7 and P14 to determine the impact of opioid exposure on anxiety and pain sensitivity. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and daily body weights were also recorded. Brainstems containing pons and medulla were collected during morphine withdrawal on P14 for RNA sequencing. Morphine induced weight loss from P2 to P14, which persisted during adolescence (P21) and adulthood (P50). USVs markedly increased at P7 in females, emerging earlier than males. On P7 and P14, both morphine-exposed female and male mice displayed hyperalgesia on the hot plate and tail-flick assays, with females showing greater hyperalgesia than males. Morphine-exposed mice exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior in the open-field arena on P21. Transcriptome analysis of the brainstem, an area implicated in opioid withdrawal and NOWS, identified pathways enriched for noradrenergic signaling in females and males. We also found sex-specific pathways related to mitochondrial function and neurodevelopment in females and circadian entrainment in males. Sex-specific transcriptomic neuroadaptations implicate unique neurobiological mechanisms underlying NOWS-like behaviors.
Die europäische Richtlinie gegen unfaire Handelspraktiken und ihre Umsetzung ins deutsche Recht
Authors: Bernhöft Anna Isabel 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Regelmäßig klagen Landwirte und Erzeuger landwirtschaftlicher Erzeugnisse über Schwierigkeiten in den Lieferbeziehungen mit ihren Abnehmern. Die Rede ist von kaum auskömmlichen Preisen und einer Risikoverteilung zu Lasten der Erzeuger. Abhilfe soll die Richtlinie 2019/633 über unlautere Handelspraktiken in den Geschäftsbeziehungen zwischen Unternehmen in der Agrar- und Lebensmittelversorgungskette (UTP-Richtlinie) schaffen, die Leitplanken für ein faires Miteinander aufstellen will und bestimmte Praktiken bußgeldbewehrt untersagt. Damit wird ein auf den Lebensmittelsektor begrenztes Sonderrechtsregime geschaffen, das auch aufgrund seiner materiellen Nähe zum kartellrechtlichen Anzapfverbot im deutschen Recht Abgrenzungsfragen aufwirft. Mit etwas Verspätung – die Umsetzungsfrist ist bereits am 1. Mai 2021 abgelaufen – hat der deutsche Gesetzgeber die Richtlinie mit Wirkung zum 9. 6. 2021 in deutsches Recht umgesetzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet den Regelungsgehalt der neuen Bestimmungen, den vorgesehenen Lösungsmechanismus für die Abgrenzungsfragen und setzt sich kritisch mit den Erfolgsaussichten des Vorhabens in der Praxis auseinander.
ІЗОТЕРМІЧНИЙ ПЕРЕРІЗ ДІАГРАМИ СТАНУ СИСТЕМИ CeО2–La2O3–Sm2O3 ПРИ 1500 C
Authors: А. Корнієнко Оксана , І. Биков Олександр , В. Самелюк Анатолій , К. Барщевська Ганна 
Published: September 2021

На основі вивчених фазових рівноваг встановлено, що у дослідженій системі утворюються тверді розчини типу заміщення на основі різних кристалічних модифікацій вихідних компонентів. У системі CeО2–La2O3–Sm2O3 утворюються тверді розчини на основі кубічної (F) із структурою типу флюориту модифікації CeО2, моноклінної (В), кубічної (С), гексагональної (А) модифікацій Ln2O3. Визначено границі фазових полів та періоди кристалічних ґраток утворених фаз. Встановлено, що параметри елементарної комірки F-CeO2 збільшуються зі зростанням вмісту Ln3+. Закономірності, що спостерігаються для параметрів елементарних комірок, базуються на конкуренції двох факторів, серед яких: різниця іонних радіусів вихідних компонентів та відштовхування між однойменно зарядженими іонами в кристалічній ґратці в результаті заміщення Ce4+ на Ln3+. Ізотермічний переріз діаграми стану системи CeО2–La2O3–Sm2O3 за 1500 °C характеризується присутністю двох трифазних (A + F + B, F +B + C) та п’яти двофазних (A + F, A + B, F + B, B + C, F + C) областей.
Представлені результати дослідження фазових рівноваг у потрійній системі CeO2–La2O3–Sm2O3 є довідниковим матеріалом і можуть бути використані для розробки нових матеріалів конструкційного та функціонального призначення.
No hints for abundance of Bacillus anthracis and Burkholderia pseudomallei in 100 environmental samples from Cameroon
Authors: Frickmann Hagen , Poppert Sven 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Little is known on the abundance of the pathogens Bacillus anthracis and Burkholderia pseudomallei in environmental samples in Cameroon. Therefore, 100 respective samples were assessed in a proof-of-principle assessment.

Methods
DNA residuals from nucleic acid extractions of 100 environmental samples, which were collected between 2011 and 2013 in the Mapé Basin of Cameroon, were screened for B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei by real-time PCR. The samples comprised soil samples with water contact (n = 88), soil samples without water contact (n = 6), plant material with water contact (n = 3), water (n = 2), and soil from a hospital dressing room (n = 1).

Results

B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei were detected in none of the samples assessed.

Conclusion
The results indicate that at least a quantitatively overwhelming, ubiquitous occurrence of B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei in the environment in Cameroon is highly unlikely. However, the number and choice of the assessed samples limit the interpretability of the results.
Improving a model of the induction traction motor operation involving non-symmetric stator windings
Authors: Goolak Sergey , Liubarskyi Borys , Sapronova Svitlana , Tkachenko Viktor , Riabov Ievgen , Glebova Marina 
Published: September 2021

The analysis of operating conditions of induction traction motors as part of traction electric drives of electric locomotives reported here has revealed that they are powered by autonomous voltage inverters with asymmetric non-sinusoidal voltage. It was established that the induction motor operation may be accompanied by defects caused by the asymmetrical modes of the motor stator. A model of the induction motor has been proposed that takes into consideration changes in the values of mutual inductance of phases and complete inductance of the magnetization circuit due to changes in the geometric dimensions of the winding caused by a certain defect. An algorithm that considers the saturation of the magnetic circuit of the electric motor has been proposed.
This approach to modeling an induction motor is important because if one of the stator's windings is damaged, its geometry changes. This leads to a change in the mutual inductance of phases and the complete inductance of the magnetization circuit. Existing approaches to modeling an induction motor do not make it possible to fully take into consideration these changes.
The result of modeling is the determined starting characteristics for an intact and damaged engine. The comparison of modeling results for an intact engine with specifications has shown that the error in determining the controlled parameters did not exceed 5 %. The modeling results for the damaged engine demonstrated that the nature of change in the controlled parameters did not contradict the results reported by other authors. The discrepancy in determining the degree of change in the controlled parameters did not exceed 10 %. That indicates a high reliability of the modeling results.
The proposed model of an induction electric motor could be used to investigate electromagnetic processes occurring in an electric motor during its operation as part of the traction drive of electric locomotives
Development of a method of protection of concrete floors of animal buildings from corrosion at the expense of using dry disinfectants
Authors: Shkromada Oksana , Fotina Tatiana , Petrov Roman , Nagorna Liudmyla , Bordun Olexandr , Barun Marina , Babenko Olena , Karpulenko Maksym , Tsarenko Taras , Solomon Vyacheslav 
Published: September 2021

Concrete floors are most commonly used in animal housing. However, the specific environment of livestock buildings (moisture, urine, disinfectants) has a negative effect on concrete and leads to its corrosion. The influence of chemical and physical factors on concrete is reinforced by the development of microorganisms, which quickly adapt and use concrete as a living environment.
To reduce the influence of an aggressive environment on the concrete floor, an experimental mixture of dry disinfectants was proposed.
The components of the disinfection mixture have been selected taking into account the safety for animals and humans.
The TPD-MS method was used to determine the change in the chemical composition of concrete. To study the microstructure of concrete, the method of scanning electron microscopy was used.
Microbiological studies revealed bacteria A. Thiooxidans, S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, S. Сholeraesuis, C. Perfringen and micromycetes of the genus Cladosporium, Fusariums, Aspergillus, which contribute to the development of biological corrosion of concrete in livestock buildings. The fact of the negative impact of concentrated disinfectants on the structure of concrete was also established.
As a result of the studies carried out, it was proved that a mixture of dry components for disinfection exhibits antimicrobial properties to varying degrees to the strains of field isolates of bacteria and fungi isolated in a pig-breeding farm. It was found that when using the proposed mixture of dry disinfectants in the research room of the pigsty, the relative humidity decreases by 38.5 %; ammonia content – by 46.2 %; hydrogen sulfide – by 57.8 %; microbial bodies – by 74.7 %, compared with the control room.
It has been experimentally proven that the proposed mixture of dry disinfecting components has hygroscopic and antimicrobial properties and is promising for use in livestock farms.
Analysis of Cr(III) ions adsorption on the surface of algae: implications for the removal of heavy metal ions from water
Authors: Tattibayeva Zhadra , Tazhibayeva Sagdat , Kujawski Wojciech , Zayadan Bolatkhan , Мusabekov Kuanyshbek , Adilbekova Akbota 
Published: September 2021

For purposeful control of the adsorption process, a comprehensive study of the properties of the original cells and the effect of metal ions on them is necessary. In this regard, the features of the adsorption of Cr(III) ions on the cell surface of Spirulina platensis algae were studied. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the main functional groups responsible for the binding of Cr(III) ions are carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, and phosphate groups on the surface of algae. The adsorption data were processed using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. It is shown that the maximum adsorption of Cr(III) ions on the surface of algae cells is 31.25 mg/g. The Freundlich constant 1/n is 0.65. The study of the effect of the concentration of Cr(III) ions on the Zeta-potential of algae cells revealed an abnormal increase in the negative value of the ζ – potential at 10–5 mol/L, caused by the release of an additional amount of anionic functional groups to the surface. A further increase in the concentration of Cr(III) ions in the algae suspension leads to a decrease in the ζ – potential and recharge of the surface at C>10–2 mol/L. It was found that the adsorption of Cr(III) ions also affects the morphology of the cell surface. If before contact with Cr(III) ions, the surface of algae cells is represented as a uniform green grid, after adsorption of Cr(III) ions, the surface becomes green-brown, with swollen spirals. The study of the effect of pH on the adsorption and desorption processes shows an increase in the desorption of Cr(III) ions from the surface of algae during acidification of the medium. The adsorption reaches a maximum value in the pH range of 6–7. In the region of optimal Cr(III)/biosorbent ion ratios, the recovery rate of Cr(III) reaches 98.5–99.3 %.
Determining the nutritional value and quality indicators of meat-containing bread made with hemp seeds flour (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Bozhko Nataliia , Pasichnyi Vasyl , Tischenko Vasyl , Marynin Andrii , Shubina Yevgeniia , Strashynskyi Igor 
Published: September 2021

Meat-containing bread with the use of hemp flour has been devised, with the subsequent assessment of its physical and chemical, sensory properties involving the study into the technological indicators of new products. Three experimental formulations for meat-containing bread were developed, which included semi-fat pork, poultry, mechanically deboned turkey, pumpkin pulp, and 8, 10, 12 % of hemp flour. A meat-containing bread from combined raw materials was adopted as control. All samples were evaluated taking into consideration their physical and chemical, technological, and sensory characteristics.
It has been proven that the addition of hemp flour to the formulation improved the consumer value of products by increasing the content of protein, fat, and minerals. It was found that the protein content in the developed products was 18.03‒19.53 g/100 g, which is 3.21‒11.80 % higher than that of the analog. The fat content increased by 17.84–56.83 %, which also led to an increase in the calorie content of products.
It has been experimentally confirmed that the introduction of hemp flour into bread's minced meat improves the functional and technological indicators of model meat systems. An increase in water-binding capacity was observed, by 13.46‒22.15 %; in water-holding capacity, by 10.34‒21.43 %; in fat-holding capacity, by 17.2‒26.9 %. The combination of semi-fat pork, poultry, mechanically deboned turkey, and hemp flour increases the ductility of the minced meat while reducing the shear stress, contributes to the good forming properties of the minced meat. The sensory analysis of the prototypes showed their high consumer value. The organoleptic assessment and sensory analysis of the prototypes demonstrated high consumer properties of the manufactured products, which makes it possible to recommend them for inclusion in the diets of various segments of the population