bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemorrhagic death from severe liver trauma has decreased in the era of haemostatic resuscitation
Authors: Fischer Nicholas J , Civil Ian D 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere liver trauma can cause major haemorrhage and death. Haemostatic resuscitation principles are associated with improved survival in trauma patients with major haemorrhage. We hypothesised death from liver haemorrhage decreased in parallel with the introduction of haemostatic resuscitation.AimTo establish the incidence of haemorrhagic death in patients with severe liver trauma and review how outcomes in two time periods associate with changes in resuscitation practice.MethodsA retrospective review of all adult patients admitted to Auckland City Hospital with liver trauma was undertaken for a 14‐year period. Resuscitation fluid for patients with grade V liver trauma or death from liver haemorrhage was compared between the first and second half of the study (2006–2013 vs. 2013–2020).ResultsFour hundred and fifty patients were admitted with liver trauma during the 14‐year period. Mortality from haemorrhage in patients with severe liver trauma (grade IV and V) decreased between the first and second half of the study (p = 0.009). Pre‐hospital and emergency department crystalloid fluid use decreased (p = 0.002). Fresh frozen plasma in ED (p = 0.076) and total cryoprecipitate use (p = 0.072) increased. Tranexamic acid use increased (p = 0.002). Use of colloid fluid was abandoned (p = 0.013). There was no significant difference in pre‐hospital time or time from hospital arrival until haemorrhage control laparotomy.ConclusionDeath from liver haemorrhage decreased in association with the introduction of haemostatic resuscitation while the incidence, severity and surgical management of liver trauma was comparable.
The factors associated with obliteration following stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Weiyan , Wang Yuqiang , Lu Lantao , Zhang Yi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundVarious factors have been reported to affect the obliteration of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). This meta‐analysis was conducted to identify the factors potentially associated with AVM obliteration after SRS.MethodsWe comprehensively searched databases and included studies that evaluated predictors of AVM obliteration after SRS using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized as effect estimates.ResultsTwelve studies, involving 4415 AVM cases, were included. According to combined estimates on univariate (UV) and multivariate (MV) analysis, age, gender and prior haemorrhage did not affect the closure probability. The following factors showed a significant and independent association with increased AVM obliteration: smaller AVMs maximal diameter (MV, HR: 1.32), smaller AVM volume (MV, HR: 1.05), AVM volume <10–15 cc (MV, HR: 1.55), higher margin dose (MV, HR: 1.05), margin dose ≥17–18 Gy (MV, HR: 3.71) and early treatment period (MV, HR: 1.78). Previous embolization and deep‐seated AVM were independently negative predictors of obliteration whereas deep venous drainage was a positive predictor. Prior surgery, compactness of nidus, lower grading scores and higher SRS maximum dose were associated factors subject to confounding factors.ConclusionMultiple factors associated with obliteration should be taken into consideration for selection of candidates with AVMs for SRS. AVM volume and radiation dose are the most prominent factor in assessing obliteration after SRS. Age, gender and prior haemorrhage may not affect the consideration of SRS treatment. Cautious use of SRS is needed for previously embolized AVM patients.
Cost‐effectiveness and efficacy of fluoride varnish for caries prevention in South African children: A cluster‐randomized controlled community trial
Authors: Effenberger Susanne , Greenwall Linda , Cebula Marcus , Myburgh Neil , Simpson Karen , Smit Dirk , Wicht Michael J. , Schwendicke Falk 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis cluster‐randomized controlled community trial aimed to assess the efficacy and costs of fluoride varnish (FV) application for caries prevention in a high‐risk population in South Africa.Methods513 children aged 4–8 years from two schools in a township in South Africa were randomly allocated by class to the FV or Control (CO) groups. In addition to supervised toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste in both groups, FV was applied in 3‐month intervals by trained local non‐professional assistants. Intraoral examinations were conducted at baseline, 12, 21 and 24 months. Primary outcome was the increment of teeth with cavitated lesions (i.e. newly developed or progressed, formerly non‐cavitated lesions), requiring restoration or extraction over the study period. Additionally, treatment and re‐treatment costs were analyzed.Results513 children (d1‐4mft 5.9 ± 4.3 (mean ± SD)) were randomly allocated to FV (n = 287) or CO (n = 226). 10.2% FV and CO teeth received or required a restoration; 3.9% FV and 4.1% CO teeth were extracted, without significant differences between groups. While FV generated high initial costs, follow‐up costs were comparable in both groups, resulting in FV being significantly more expensive than CO (1667 ± 1055 ZAR vs. 950 ± 943 ZAR, p < .001).ConclusionsRegular FV application, in addition to daily supervised toothbrushing, had no significant caries‐preventive effect and was not cost‐effective in a primary school setting within a peri‐urban, high‐risk community in South Africa. Alternative interventions on community or public health level should be considered to reduce the caries burden in high‐risk communities.
Influence of the loading protocol and platform switching in two‐implant bar‐retained overdentures: 3‐year results from a randomized controlled equivalence clinical trial
Authors: Enkling Norbert , Kokoschka Franziska , Schumacher Daniel , Kraus Dominik , Schimmel Martin , Abou‐Ayash Samir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo test the null hypothesis that vertical peri‐implant bone level alterations (ΔIBL) are equivalent in immediately (IL) and 3‐month post‐placement (DL) loaded implants in mandibular implant overdentures (IODs) on two implants.Materials and MethodsThirty‐two patients receiving two interforaminal implants, one with a platform‐switched and one with a platform‐matching abutment were randomly assigned to the IL or DL group (allocation ratio 1:1). All implants were primarily splinted with chairside‐customized bars, converting the existing removable complete dentures to IODs. Standardized radiographs were recorded. The influence of the loading protocol (IL vs. DL), implant platform (platform switched vs. platform matching), implant site (43 vs. 33), participant age (≤65 vs. >65 years), and definition of baseline (implant placement vs. implant loading) were analyzed, applying linear regression analyses (α = 0.05). The equivalence range was [−0.4; 0.4].ResultsThree participants of the IL group were lost during follow‐up. The overall mean ΔIBL was −0.96 ± 0.89 mm. The ΔIBL was equivalent in terms of the implant platform and implant site but not in terms of participant age (in favor of more elderly participants) and the loading protocol. A significantly smaller ΔIBL was observed in the IL when the baseline was considered to be implant placement (p = .017), but not when it was considered to be implant loading (p = .084).ConclusionImmediate loading of primary‐splinted implants in two‐implant bar‐retained overdentures, seems beneficial relative to loading 3 months post‐placement, with respect to ΔIBL. The ΔIBL were equivalent in terms of platform switching.
Prevalence and determinants of depression up to 5 years after colorectal cancer surgery: results from the ColoREctal Wellbeing (CREW) study
Authors: Calman Lynn , Turner Joshua , Fenlon Deborah , Permyakova Natalia V. , Wheelwright Sally , Patel Mubarak , Din Amy , Winter Jane , Richardson Alison , Smith Peter W. F. , Foster Claire ,   members of the CREW Study Advisory Committee
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimDepression experienced by people with colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important clinical problem affecting quality of life. Recognition of depression at key points in the pathway enables timely referral to support. This study aimed to examine depression before and 5 years after surgery to examine its prevalence and identify determinants.MethodThe ColoREctal Wellbeing (CREW) study is a prospective UK cohort study involving 872 adults with nonmetastatic CRC recruited before surgery with curative intent. Questionnaires completed before surgery and 3, 9, 15, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months after surgery captured socio‐demographics and assessed depression (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES‐D) and other psychosocial factors. Clinical details were also gathered. We present the prevalence of clinically significant depression (CES‐D ≥ 20) over time and its predictors assessed before and 2 years after surgery.ResultsBefore surgery, 21.0% of the cohort reported CES‐D ≥ 20 reducing to 14.7% 5 years after surgery. Presurgery risk factors predicting subsequent depression were clinically significant depression and anxiety, previous mental health service use, low self‐efficacy, poor health, having neoadjuvant treatment and low social support. Postsurgery risk factors at 2 years predicting subsequent depression were clinically significant depression, negative affect, cognitive dysfunction, accommodation type and poor health.ConclusionDepression is highly pervasive in people with CRC, exceeding prevalence in the general population across follow‐up. Our findings emphasize the need to screen and treat depression across the pathway. Our novel data highlight key risk factors of later depression at important and opportune time points: before surgery and at the end of routine surveillance. Early recognition and timely referral to appropriate support is vital to improve long‐term psychological outcomes.
From precarity to the denial of social status in the Belgian legal order: The social security rights of platform workers in question
Authors: Wattecamps Céline 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe right to social security is enshrined in article 23 of the Belgian Constitution. It is the role of the legislator to implement it, to guarantee the right of all to lead a life in accordance with human dignity. Studies show that platform workers face major difficulties in terms of social protection. The aim of this article is to highlight the limits of existing legislative provisions regarding their ability to implement the fundamental right to social security for platform workers. With regard to these legislative provisions, we are interested in both the general regulations that shape the Belgian social security system and the recent measures adopted by the Belgian legislator with regard to the so‐called sharing economy. An analysis of these provisions reveals that a number of platform workers are excluded from social security, both de facto and de jure. At the very least, this raises the question of whether the Belgian legislator is complying with the positive obligation to fulfil the constitutional right to social security for platform workers, and the negative obligation, at least, not to undermine it.
Getting State Aid Approved by the European Commission: Explaining the Duration of Preliminary Investigations in the State Aid Notification Procedure*
Authors: van Druenen Ruud , Zwaan Pieter , Mastenbroek Ellen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article aims to explain the variation in duration of preliminary investigations in the state aid notification procedure. While this procedure is guided by objective standards, preliminary investigations result in an overwhelming majority of cases being approved in combination with a large variation in duration. This study explores the explanatory power of political and managerial factors at the member state and state aid case level to account for this variation. Based on multilevel regression analysis of a newly created dataset, results show that both political and managerial factors at the state aid case level affect the duration of preliminary investigations. No evidence was found for member state level factors having an effect.
Proteostasis deregulation as a driver of C9ORF72 pathogenesis
Authors: Torres Paulina , Cabral‐Miranda Felipe , Gonzalez‐Teuber Vicente , Hetz Claudio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two related neurodegenerative disorders that display overlapping features. The hexanucleotide repeat expansion GGGGCC (G4C2) in C9ORF72 gene has been causally linked to both ALS and FTD emergence, thus opening a novel potential therapeutic target for disease intervention. The main driver of C9ORF72 pathology is the disruption of distinct cellular processes involved in the function of the proteostasis network. Here we discuss main findings relating to the induction of neurodegeneration by C9ORF72 mutation and proteostasis deregulation, highlighting the role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress, nuclear transport, and autophagy in the disease process. We further discuss possible points of intervention to target proteostasis mediators to treat C9ORF72‐linked ALS/FTD.
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Sleep disturbance and psychological distress among hospitalized children in India: Parental perceptions on pediatric inpatient experiences
Authors: Sampath Ramya , Nayak Ruma , Gladston Shanthi , Ebenezer Kala , Mudd Shawna S. , Peck Jessica , Brenner Michael J. , Pandian Vinciya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeInvestigate parental perceptions of children's sleep disturbance and psychological distress associated with an inpatient stay in a low‐resource hospital setting.Design and MethodsDemographic and validated survey instruments were adapted for administration to parents of children in the medical wards of a tertiary hospital in India. Parents proficient in English, Hindi, Tamil, or Telugu with a child age 4–12 years admitted for at least 48 h were eligible to participate. All respondents completed the Factors Affecting Sleep Disturbance Scale, Sleep Duration Questionnaire, Sleep Disturbance Scale, and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Data analysis entailed descriptive statistics, correlations, and multivariate regressions to analyze relationships across responses on demographics, sleep disturbance, and psychological distress.ResultsAmong 105 parents with hospitalized children, most had children 4–6 years old (54%), including 65% boys and 35% girls. Parents reported that their children slept overnight in the hospital for a mean of 8.3 ± 1.6 h. Children 4–6 year old (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.63, p = .004), dyspnea (RRR = 8.73, p = .04), previous hospitalization (RRR = 9.17, p = .03), nighttime procedures (RRR = 2.97, p = .03, and missing home (RRR = 6.78, p < .001) were the factors affecting sleep. Factors affecting psychological distress was nighttime medication administration (RRR = 4.92, p = .01). Sleep disturbances correlated with psychological distress (r = 0.56; p < .01).ConclusionSleep disturbance and associated psychological distress in hospitalized children were widely reported by parents queried in this low‐resource hospital setting.Practical ImplicationsNurses can lead efforts in ameliorating sleep in hospitalized children, including partnering with stakeholders on measures to reduce sleep disruption. Child‐centered interventions may improve sleep hygiene and decrease psychological distress among children.
The ‘5 principles’ of good sleep health
Authors: Espie Colin A. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe ‘5 Principles of good sleep health’ are proposed (a) to facilitate improved public health engagement with the importance of looking after your sleep; and (b) to offer a first line intervention for people with poor sleep and mild insomnia symptoms, that goes beyond the scope of what is traditionally known as ‘sleep hygiene’. The ‘5 Principles’ were developed by the author for the UK National Health Service (NHS) campaign ‘Every Mind Matters’, initiated in 2020 by Public Health England, and supported by the Mental Health Foundation. The author served as the campaign spokesperson for sleep as a critical ingredient in mental wellbeing. The ‘5 Principles’ encourage people to Value, Prioritise, Personalise, Trust, and Protect their sleep. They are intended to educate about sleep health and to support evidence‐based self‐management of sleep, and not as an alternative to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) which is the guideline treatment for chronic insomnia disorder. However, they may bridge an important gap in self‐care practices for many people. The ‘5 Principles’ would benefit from formal research evaluation.
Detection of quantitative trait loci for heading date and temperature responsiveness in a re‐sequenced, recombinant inbred line of japonica rice from Heilongjiang province, china
Authors: Jiang Shukun , Wang Lizhi , Yang Xianli , Zhang Xijuan , Meng Ying , Li Mingxian , Chi Liyong , Li Zhongjie , Zhao Qian , Liu Youhong , Ma Yuling , Ding Guohua , Li Zhugang , Li Wenhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe hereditary basis and identification of novel genes of heading date have significant implications for japonica rice improvement in northeast China, especially in Heilongjiang province. A re‐sequenced recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) and Shennong 265 (SN265) was used to detect the genetic basis for the RIL in 2017 and 2018. Fourteen heading date quantitative trait loci (QTLs), including nine in 2017 and thirteen in 2018, were detected with a linkage map containing 2,818 bin markers. They were distributed on chromosomes 3, 4, 6 and 9–11 with 9.34%–25.26% phenotypic variations. The QTLs qHD3a, qHD4a, qHD4b, qHD4c, qHD9b, qHD10, qHD11c and qHD11d were identified in both years. The qTRS1, qTRS3a (qHD3a), qTRS3b (qHD3b) and qTRS9 (qHD9a) alleles from LTH and the qTRS4 allele from SN265 were identified by controlling the temperature responsiveness in the RIL population. The explained phenotypic variation in these five QTLs varied from 14.52% to 26.31%. In order to accurately determine the difference in heading date under different temperature conditions, the RILs and two parents were grown in a phytotron. Four QTLs controlling temperature responsiveness were identified on chromosomes 3, 6 and 9, including qTRS3a (qHD3a), qTRS3b (qHD3b), qTRS6 and qTRS9 (qHD9a). In a different environment, qTRS3a (qHD3a), qTRS3b (qHD3b) and qTRS9 (qHD9a) were detected. A comparison of chromosomal locations between the QTLs detected in this study and heading date genes previously cloned indicated that DTH3, Hd16, RFL, HAF1, Ehd2 and RBS1 might be candidate genes for them. The four major heading date genes (Hd1, Ghd7, Ghd7.1 and Ghd8) affecting ecogeographical adaptation were sequenced between SN265 and LTH. SN265 carried a functional Hd1 haplotype, a weak functional Ghd7 haplotype, a weak functional Ghd7.1 haplotype and a weak functional Ghd8 haplotype. LTH also carried functional Hd1 haplotype, a weak functional Ghd7 haplotype, a non‐functional Ghd7.1 haplotype and a non‐functional Ghd8 haplotype. The combinations of the Hd1, Ghd7, Ghd7.1 and Ghd8 alleles in SN265 and LTH largely defined their short heading date under long‐day conditions. The selection of heading date gene combinations with functional Hd1 alleles and non‐functional alleles or weak functional alleles of Ghd7, Ghd7.1 and Ghd8 would be an effective way to improve japonica rice with proper heading days in Northeast China. The novel QTLs detected in this study could also become a valuable source for designing the appropriate heading date in Northeast China japonica rice.
Hydrogen sulphide regulates the growth of tomato root cells by affecting cell wall biosynthesis under CuO NPs stress
Authors: Jia H. , Ma P. , Huang L. , Wang X. , Chen C. , Liu C. , Wei T. , Yang J. , Guo J. , Li J. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) show strong nano‐toxic effects on organisms. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) plays a pivotal role in plant response to abiotic stress. In this study, we examine the crucial role of the cell wall as regulated by H2S in response to CuO NPs stress.

The digestion method was employed to determine Cu content using atomic absorption spectrometry. The TraKine pro‐tubulin staining kit was used to investigate the microtubule cytoskeleton using confocal laser‐scanning microscopy. Cell wall component analysis utilized the ICS‐3000 HPLC system.

Application of H2S reduced growth inhibition caused by CuO NPs. Furthermore, most of the CuO NPs accumulates in roots, indicating a low transfer rate, and H2S significantly decreased CuO NPs content in roots, leaves and stems. Subcellular distribution analysis implied most Cu accumulated in root cell walls, and that H2S reduced the content of Cu in root cell walls. Cortical microtubules in the plasma membrane, guide cell wall biosynthesis. H2S obviously alleviated microtubule cytoskeleton disorders caused by CuO NPs. In addition, the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and other monosaccharides in root cell walls was reduced by CuO NPs treatment. H2S enhanced the monosaccharide and polysaccharide contents compared with that after CuO NPs treatment.

In conclusion, H2S regulates cell wall development in response to CuO NPs stress by stabilizing microtubules. H2S affected Cu distribution and alleviated growth inhibition of tomato seedlings. The research results provide a theoretical basis for further study of nano‐toxicity regulation in plants.
Are lulworthioid fungi dark septate endophytes of the dominant Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica?
Authors: Vohník M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

A previous study from Sicily, Italy, indicated that the dominant Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica forms a dark septate endophytic (DSE) association with a lulworthioid fungus (‘Lulwoana sp.’). This conflicts with several other studies from the NW Mediterranean Sea that point at the recently described pleosporalean fungus Posidoniomyces atricolor.

I collected P. oceanica roots at eight sites around Sicily and checked them for fungal colonization using light microscopy. At three sites, root fungal symbionts (mycobionts) were isolated into pure cultures and identified using ITS rDNA sequences.

Posidoniomyces atricolor represented the most frequent mycobiont (56 isolates), closely followed by lulworthioid fungi (51). The obtained mycobiont spectrum also included Cladosporium (2), Alternaria (1), Corollospora (1), Fusarium (1), Penicillium (1) and Vishniacozyma (1) isolates. The characteristic DSE root colonization, similar to those occurring in terrestrial plants but not known from any other seagrass, was found in all investigated P. oceanica individuals. The microscopy screening suggests that P. atricolor is responsible for the observed DSE colonization.

This study extends the known range of Pos. atricolor and the DSE association characteristic for P. oceanica to the southern Tyrrhenian Sea/Sicily. While lulworthioid fungi regularly occur in P. oceanica tissues, including terminal fine roots, their significance and functioning (e.g. parasitic, pathogenic, endophytic) are unknown and require further investigation. However, there is currently no proof that they belong among dark septate endophytes of this seagrass.