bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reporting guideline for interventional trials of primary and incisional ventral hernia repair
Authors: Parker S G , Halligan S , Berrevoet F , de Beaux A C , East B , Eker H H , Jensen K K , Jorgensen L N , Montgomery A , Morales-Conde S , Miserez M , Renard Y , Sanders D L , Simons M , Slade D , Torkington J , Blackwell S , Dames N , Windsor A C J , Mallett S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Primary and incisional ventral hernia trials collect unstandardized inconsistent data, limiting data interpretation and comparison. This study aimed to create two minimum data sets for primary and incisional ventral hernia interventional trials to standardize data collection and improve trial comparison. To support these data sets, standardized patient-reported outcome measures and trial methodology criteria were created.

Methods
To construct these data sets, nominal group technique methodology was employed, involving 15 internationally recognized abdominal wall surgeons and two patient representatives. Initially a maximum data set was created from previous systematic and panellist reviews. Thereafter, three stages of voting took place: stage 1, selection of the number of variables for data set inclusion; stage 2, selection of variables to be included; and stage 3, selection of variable definitions and detection methods. A steering committee interpreted and analysed the data.

Results
The maximum data set contained 245 variables. The three stages of voting commenced in October 2019 and had been completed by July 2020. The final primary ventral hernia data set included 32 variables, the incisional ventral hernia data set included 40 variables, the patient-reported outcome measures tool contained 25 questions, and 40 methodological criteria were chosen. The best known variable definitions were selected for accurate variable description. CT was selected as the optimal preoperative descriptor of hernia morphology. Standardized follow-up at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years was selected.

Conclusion
These minimum data sets, patient-reported outcome measures, and methodological criteria have allowed creation of a manual for investigators aiming to undertake primary ventral hernia or incisional ventral hernia interventional trials. Adopting these data sets will improve trial methods and comparisons.
HOPS-associated neurological disorders (HOPSANDs): linking endolysosomal dysfunction to the pathogenesis of dystonia
Authors: Monfrini Edoardo , Zech Michael , Steel Dora , Kurian Manju A , Winkelmann Juliane , Di Fonzo Alessio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex is the structural bridge necessary for the fusion of late endosomes and autophagosomes with lysosomes.
Recent publications linked mutations in genes encoding HOPS complex proteins with the aetiopathogenesis of inherited dystonias (i.e. VPS16, VPS41, and VPS11). Functional and microstructural studies conducted on patient-derived fibroblasts carrying mutations of HOPS complex subunits displayed clear abnormalities of the lysosomal and autophagic compartments.
We propose to name this group of diseases HOPS-associated neurological disorders (HOPSANDs), which are mainly characterized by dystonic presentations. The delineation of HOPSANDs further confirms the connection of lysosomal and autophagic dysfunction with the pathogenesis of dystonia, prompting researchers to find innovative therapies targeting this pathway.
Anti-inflammatory chemoprevention attenuates the phenotype in a mouse model of esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Baumeister Theresa , Ingermann Jonas , Marcazzan Sabrina , Fang Hsin-Yu , Oellinger Rupert , Rad Roland , Engleitner Thomas , Kleigrewe Karin , Anand Akanksha , Strangmann Julia , Schmid Roland M , Wang Timothy C , Quante Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is the main known precursor condition of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). BE is defined by the presence of metaplasia above the normal squamous columnar junction and has mainly been attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease and chronic reflux esophagitis. Thus, the rising incidence of EAC in the Western world is probably mediated by chronic esophageal inflammation, secondary to gastroesophageal reflux disease in combination with environmental risk factors such as a Western diet and obesity. However, (at present) risk prediction tools and endoscopic surveillance have shown limited effectiveness. Chemoprevention as an adjunctive approach remains an attractive option to reduce the incidence of neoplastic disease. Here, we investigate the feasibility of chemopreventive approaches in BE and EAC via inhibition of inflammatory signaling in a transgenic mouse model of BE and EAC (L2-IL1B mice), with accelerated tumor formation on a high-fat diet (HFD). L2-IL1B mice were treated with the IL-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) aspirin or Sulindac. Interleukin-1b antagonism reduced tumor progression in L2-IL1B mice with or without a HFD, whereas both NSAIDs were effective chemoprevention agents in the accelerated HFD-fed L2-IL1B mouse model. Sulindac treatment also resulted in a marked change in the immune profile of L2-IL1B mice. In summary, anti-inflammatory treatment of HFD-treated L2-IL1B mice acted protectively on disease progression. These results from a mouse model of BE support results from clinical trials that suggest that anti-inflammatory medication may be effective in the chemoprevention of EAC.
Speaker–Listener Neural Coupling Reveals an Adaptive Mechanism for Speech Comprehension in a Noisy Environment
Authors: Li Zhuoran , Li Jiawei , Hong Bo , Nolte Guido , Engel Andreas K , Zhang Dan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Comprehending speech in noise is an essential cognitive skill for verbal communication. However, it remains unclear how our brain adapts to the noisy environment to achieve comprehension. The present study investigated the neural mechanisms of speech comprehension in noise using an functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based inter-brain approach. A group of speakers was invited to tell real-life stories. The recorded speech audios were added with meaningless white noise at four signal-to-noise levels and then played to listeners. Results showed that speaker–listener neural couplings of listener’s left inferior frontal gyri (IFG), that is, sensorimotor system, and right middle temporal gyri (MTG), angular gyri (AG), that is, auditory system, were significantly higher in listening conditions than in the baseline. More importantly, the correlation between neural coupling of listener’s left IFG and the comprehension performance gradually became more positive with increasing noise level, indicating an adaptive role of sensorimotor system in noisy speech comprehension; however, the top behavioral correlations for the coupling of listener’s right MTG and AG were only obtained in mild noise conditions, indicating a different and less robust mechanism. To sum up, speaker–listener coupling analysis provides added value and new sight to understand the neural mechanism of speech-in-noise comprehension.
Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 on Self-Collected Saliva or Anterior Nasal Specimens Compared With Healthcare Personnel–Collected Nasopharyngeal Specimens
Authors: Marx Grace E , Biggerstaff Brad J , Nawrocki Courtney C , Totten Sarah E , Travanty Emily A , Burakoff Alexis W , Scott Tracy , De Hey Jesse Chavez-Van , Carlson Jesse J , Wendel Karen A , Harcourt Jennifer L , Tamin Azaibi , Thomas Jennifer D , Rowan Sarah E ,   Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment COVID-19 Laboratory Response Team, Matzinger Shannon R , Hudziec Meghan , Hetherington-Rauth Molly C , Pysnack Nicholas J , Delmonico Christopher , Huynh-Templeman Kimberly , Stitzlein Tara M , Rossheim Alexandria E B ,   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Laboratory Response Team, Folster Jennifer , Medrzycki Magdalena , Wong Phili , Jain Shilpi , Thornburg Natalie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Nasopharyngeal specimens (NPS) are commonly used for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing but can be uncomfortable for patients. Self-collected saliva specimens (SS) or anterior nasal specimens (ANS) for SARS-CoV-2 detection are less invasive, but the sensitivity of these specimen types has not been thoroughly evaluated.

Methods
During September–November 2020, 730 adults undergoing SARS-CoV-2 testing at community testing events and homeless shelters in Denver provided self-collected SS and ANS before NPS collection and answered a short survey about symptoms and specimen preference. Specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by means of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR); viral culture was performed on a subset of specimens positive by rRT-PCR. The sensitivity of SS and ANS for SARS-CoV-2 detection by rRT-PCR was measured against that of NPS. Subgroup analyses included test outcomes by symptom status and culture results.

Results
Sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection by rRT-PCR appeared higher for SS than for ANS (85% vs 80%) and higher among symptomatic participants than among those without symptoms (94% vs 29% for SS; 87% vs 50% for ANS). Among participants with culture-positive SARS-CoV-2 by any specimen type, the sensitivities of SS and ANS by rRT-PCR were 94% and 100%, respectively. SS and ANS were equally preferred by participants; most would undergo NPS collection again despite this method’s being the least preferred.

Conclusions
SS were slightly more sensitive than ANS for SARS-CoV-2 detection with rRT-PCR. With both SS and ANS, SARS-CoV-2 was reliably detected among participants with symptoms. Self-collected SS and ANS offer practical advantages, are preferred by patients, and might be most useful for testing people with coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms.
Neonatal Listeriosis Presentation and Outcome: A Prospective Study of 189 Cases
Authors: Charlier Caroline , Kermorvant-Duchemin Elsa , Perrodeau Elodie , Moura Alexandra , Maury Mylène M , Bracq-Dieye Hélène , Thouvenot Pierre , Valès Guillaume , Leclercq Alexandre , Ravaud Philippe , Lecuit Marc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Listeriosis is caused by the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. It can present as a maternal–neonatal infection. We implemented a nationwide prospective cohort and analyzed the features of neonatal listeriosis.

Methods
We studied all neonates born alive from mothers with microbiologically proven maternal–neonatal listeriosis enrolled from November 2009 to December 2017. We analyzed presentation, neonatal outcome at discharge, and predictors of severe presentation and outcome.

Results
We studied 189 infants; 133 of 189 (70%) had abnormal clinical status at birth, including acute respiratory distress in 106 of 189 (56%). There were 132 of 189 (70%) infants who developed early-onset listeriosis and 12 of 189 (6%) who developed late-onset listeriosis; all presented with acute meningitis. There were 17 of 189 (9%) infants who had major adverse outcomes: 3%, (5 of 189) death; 6% (12 of 189), severe brain injury; and 2% (3 of 189), severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Fifteen of 17 infants were born &lt;34 weeks of gestation (P &lt; .0001 vs infants born ≥34 weeks of gestation). Maternal antimicrobial treatment ≥1 day before delivery was associated with a significant decrease in presentation severity for the infant, resulting in significantly fewer inotropic drugs, fluid resuscitation, and mechanical ventilation requirement (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.51; P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
Antenatal maternal antimicrobial treatment is associated with reduced neonatal listeriosis severity, justifying the prescription of preemptive maternal antimicrobial therapy when maternal–fetal listeriosis is suspected. Neonatal outcome is better than reported earlier, and its major determinant is gestational age at birth.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01520597.
Late Conditions Diagnosed 1–4 Months Following an Initial Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Encounter: A Matched-Cohort Study Using Inpatient and Outpatient Administrative Data—United States, 1 March–30 June 2020
Authors: Chevinsky Jennifer R , Tao Guoyu , Lavery Amy M , Kukielka Esther A , Click Eleanor S , Malec Donald , Kompaniyets Lyudmyla , Bruce Beau B , Yusuf Hussain , Goodman Alyson B , Dixon Meredith G , Nakao Jolene H , Datta S Deblina , MacKenzie William R , Kadri Sameer S , Saydah Sharon , Giovanni Jennifer E , Gundlapalli Adi V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Late sequelae of COVID-19 have been reported; however, few studies have investigated the time course or incidence of late new COVID-19–related health conditions (post-COVID conditions) after COVID-19 diagnosis. Studies distinguishing post-COVID conditions from late conditions caused by other etiologies are lacking. Using data from a large administrative all-payer database, we assessed type, association, and timing of post-COVID conditions following COVID-19 diagnosis.

Methods
Using the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release (release date, 20 October 2020) data, during March–June 2020, 27 589 inpatients and 46 857 outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 (case-patients) were 1:1 matched with patients without COVID-19 through the 4-month follow-up period (control-patients) by using propensity score matching. In this matched-cohort study, adjusted ORs were calculated to assess for late conditions that were more common in case-patients than control-patients. Incidence proportion was calculated for conditions that were more common in case-patients than control-patients during 31–120 days following a COVID-19 encounter.

Results
During 31–120 days after an initial COVID-19 inpatient hospitalization, 7.0% of adults experienced ≥1 of 5 post-COVID conditions. Among adult outpatients with COVID-19, 7.7% experienced ≥1 of 10 post-COVID conditions. During 31–60 days after an initial outpatient encounter, adults with COVID-19 were 2.8 times as likely to experience acute pulmonary embolism as outpatient control-patients and also more likely to experience a range of conditions affecting multiple body systems (eg, nonspecific chest pain, fatigue, headache, and respiratory, nervous, circulatory, and gastrointestinal symptoms) than outpatient control-patients.

Conclusions
These findings add to the evidence of late health conditions possibly related to COVID-19 in adults following COVID-19 diagnosis and can inform healthcare practice and resource planning for follow-up COVID-19 care.
From secondary to tertiary mitral regurgitation: the paradigm shifts, but uncertainties remain
Authors: Landi Antonio , Faletra Francesco Fulvio , Pavon Anna Giulia , Pedrazzini Giovanni , Valgimigli Marco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most common and undertreated form of MR, whose contribution to poor prognosis and indications to correction remains under discussion. MR has been characterized into ‘proportionate’ or ‘disproportionate’, based on left ventricle (LV) and regurgitant volumes, whereas ‘tertiary’ MR identifies conditions, in which regurgitation is pathologic per se and actively contributes to LV dysfunction. Echocardiographic and anatomo-pathological studies revealed that secondary MR prompts subtle leaflet maladaptive changes, actively contributing to the dynamic progression of secondary MR. We critically discuss the paradigm shift from secondary to tertiary MR and question the notion that MV leaflets play a passive role in secondary MR. We also review the role of standard transthoracic echocardiography for appraising and quantifying maladaptive MV leaflet changes and LV volumes and call for a more sophisticated and comprehensive imaging framework for classifying MR in future interventional studies.
Cardiac surgery following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Saha Shekhar , Peterss Sven , Mueller Christoph , Deseive Simon , Sadoni Sebastian , Hausleiter Jörg , Massberg Steffen , Hagl Christian , Joskowiak Dominik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyse surgical outcomes of patients undergoing secondary cardiac surgery after initial transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

METHODS
Between December 2012 and February 2020, a total of 41 consecutive patients underwent cardiac surgery after a TAVR procedure at our institution. Patients who underwent emergency operations due to periprocedural complications such as ventricular rupture and TAVR dislocation were excluded from this study (n = 12). Thus, 29 patients were included in the analysis. Data are presented as medians (25th–75th quartiles) or as absolute numbers (percentages).

RESULTS
The median age was 76 years (68–80); 58.6% were men. The median time to a secondary conventional procedure was 23 months (8–40), with 8 patients requiring surgical intervention within the first year post TAVR. The indications for secondary conventional procedures were prosthesis endocarditis (n = 15), prosthesis degeneration or dysfunction (n = 7) and progression of valvular, aortic or coronary artery disease (n = 7). Surgical redo aortic valve replacement was performed in 24 patients (82.8%). No complications involving the aortic root or the aortomitral continuity were observed. The operative mortality was 10.3%. Extracorporeal life support was required in 3 patients (10.3%) for a median duration of 3 days (3–3 days). No adverse cerebrovascular events were observed postoperatively. Postoperatively, 4 patients (13.8%) required a pacemaker and 7 patients (24.1%) required renal replacement therapy. Overall survival at 1 year was 83.0%.

CONCLUSIONS
Conventional cardiac surgical procedures following TAVR are feasible with reasonable results and a low complication rate.
Changes in mortality disparities by education in Russia from 1998 to 2017: evidence from indirect estimation
Authors: Shkolnikov Vladimir M , Andreev Evgeny M , Jasilionis Domantas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article addresses two unresolved methodological issues related to prior research on Russia that was based on census-unlinked data and did not account for the substantial increase in the share of death records with missing information on education. The study uses a proportional mortality analysis method relying on a case–control framework, together with a plausible imputation-based solution for the redistribution of the unknown education on death records. The new results suggest that high levels of inequality persist, but they do not support recent findings indicating that the educational gap in life expectancy has substantially widened.
Analysis of glycerol and dihydroxyacetone metabolism in Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Staerck Cindy , Wasselin Valentin , Budin-Verneuil Aurélie , Rincé Isabelle , Cacaci Margherita , Weigel Markus , Giraud Caroline , Hain Torsten , Hartke Axel , Riboulet-Bisson Eliette 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Glycerol (Gly) can be dissimilated by two pathways in bacteria. Either this sugar alcohol is first oxidized to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and then phosphorylated or it is first phosphorylated to glycerol-3-phosphate (GlyP) followed by oxidation. Oxidation of GlyP can be achieved by NAD-dependent dehydrogenases or by a GlyP oxidase. In both cases, dihydroxyacetone phosphate is the product. Genomic analysis showed that Enterococcus faecium harbors numerous genes annotated to encode activities for the two pathways. However, our physiological analyses of growth on glycerol showed that dissimilation is limited to aerobic conditions and that despite the presence of genes encoding presumed GlyP dehydrogenases, the GlyP oxidase is essential in this process. Although E. faecium contains an operon encoding the phosphotransfer protein DhaM and DHA kinase, which are required for DHA phosphorylation, it is unable to grow on DHA. This operon is highly expressed in stationary phase but its physiological role remains unknown. Finally, data obtained from sequencing of a transposon mutant bank of E. faecium grown on BHI revealed that the GlyP dehydrogenases and a major intrinsic family protein have important but hitherto unknown physiological functions.
Post-seismic crustal internal deformation in a layered earth model
Authors: Liu Tai , Fu Guangyu , She Yawen , Tang He 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
This study introduces a novel method for computing post-seismic crustal internal deformation in a layered earth model. The surface dislocation Love number (DLN) calculated by the reciprocity theorem was implemented as the initial value. Furthermore, numerical integration of the value from the Earth's surface to the interior was undertaken to obtain the internal DLN. This method does not require a combination of the general solution and particular solution for the calculation of internal deformation above the seismic source, thus avoiding the loss of precision. When the post-seismic deformation within a certain period is calculated, the particular solutions at the beginning and end of the considered period cancel each other. This simplifies the calculation of post-seismic internal deformation. The numerical results depict that as the degrees increase, the post-seismic DLN reaches stability in a shorter interval of time. Thus, for improved efficiency of the post-seismic internal deformation calculation, the post-seismic DLNs should be calculated within 2000 degree and integrated with the coseismic results. As an application, the post-seismic Coulomb failure stress changes (∆CFS) induced by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in the near field around the Japanese archipelagos and two major faults in Northeast China were simulated. The results exhibit that the ∆CFS values in the near field agree well with those simulated by the method in a half-space layered earth model, thus verifying the present method. The coseismic ∆CFS on the Mishan-Dunhua fault in Northeast China, as an example, is only 0.094–0.668 KPa. However, the ∆CFS caused by the viscoelastic relaxation of the mantle within 5 yr following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki event on the same fault exceeds the coseismic results. Therefore, the cumulative effect of the viscoelastic relaxation of the mantle is deserving of attention.