bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triple‐harmonic‐droop control strategy for accurate harmonic power sharing in low‐voltage islanded microgrids
Authors: Alizadeh Ebrahim , Birjandi Aliakbar Motie , Hamzeh Mohsen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a power sharing control scheme for power electronics interfaced distributed generation to attain accurate harmonic power dispatch as well as unbalanced power sharing. The proposed controller is composed of two main blocks: 1) a harmonic power sharing unit, which leads to an accurate harmonic power sharing, and 2) individual triple‐droop control units separately applied to the control unit of each phase, which properly provide unbalanced power sharing. For this purpose, a virtual harmonic conductance concept is developed to control the inherent impedance of the inverter under non‐linear load conditions. As a result, the fundamental power sharing performance as well as the harmonic power dispatch accuracy is ensured. Simulation results from an islanded microgrid prototype using the CIGRE low‐voltage distribution network are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Evaluation of the polyp-based resect and discard strategy: a retrospective study
Authors: Duong Antoine , Pohl Heiko , Djinbachian Roupen , Deshêtres Annie , Barkun Alan N. , Marques Paola N. , Bouin Mickael , Deslandres Eric , Aguilera-Fish Andres , Leduc Raymond , von Renteln Daniel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Standard colonoscopy practice requires removal and histological characterization of almost all detected small (< 10 mm) and diminutive (≤ 5 mm) colorectal polyps. This study aimed to test a simplified polyp-based resect and discard (PBRD) strategy that assigns surveillance intervals based only on size and number of small/diminutive polyps, without the need for pathology examination.
Methods A post hoc analysis was performed on patients enrolled in a prospective study. The primary outcome was surveillance interval agreement of the PBRD strategy with pathology-based management according to 2020 US Multi-Society Task Force guidelines. Chart analysis also evaluated clinician adherence to pathology-based recommendations. One-sided testing was performed with a null-hypothesis of 90 % agreement with pathology-based surveillance intervals and a two-sided 96.7 % confidence interval (CI) using correction for multiple testing.
Results 452 patients were included in the study. Surveillance intervals assigned using the PBRD strategy were correct in 97.8 % (96.7 %CI 96.3–99.3 %) of patients compared with pathology-based management. The PBRD strategy reduced pathology examinations by 58.7 % while providing 87.8 % of patients with immediate surveillance interval recommendations on the day of colonoscopy, compared with 47.1 % when using pathology-based management. Chart analysis of surveillance interval assignments showed 63.3 % adherence to pathology-based guidelines.
Conclusion The PBRD strategy surpassed the 90 % agreement with the pathology-based standard for determining surveillance interval, reduced the need for pathology examinations, and increased the proportion of patients receiving immediate surveillance interval recommendations. The PBRD strategy does not require expertise in optical diagnosis and may replace histological characterization of small and diminutive colorectal polyps.
Base-Catalyzed Intramolecular Defluorination/O-Arylation Reaction for the Synthesis of 3-Fluoro-1,4-oxathiine 4,4-Dioxide
Authors: Qian Jinlong , Jiang Gaoxi , Kang Lei , Zhang Jinlong , Yang Huameng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel process involving base-catalyzed intramolecular defluorination/O-arylation of readily available α-fluoro-β-one-sulfones was realized and provided a series of 3-fluoro-1,4-oxathiine 4,4-dioxide derivatives in good to excellent yields. Unlike traditional defluorination reactions with stoichiometric base as the deacid reagent, this process is triggered by a catalytic amount of base (TMG: tetramethylguanidine) and molecular sieves serve as both an adsorbent to remove HF acid and an activator to assist C–F bond cleavage.
Primary Intracranial Malignant Melanoma Mimicking Meningioma—Report of Two Cases
Authors: Bhople Laxmikant , Kharosekar Hrushikesh U. , Naik Harish , Velho V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrimary intracranial melanoma is uncommon and accounts for only approximately 1% of all cases of melanoma. This is interesting to neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons because the clinical and radiological patterns of these tumors can mimic the presence of meningioma. Primary central nervous system melanomas have rarely been reported with less than 25 cases reported till date. We report two cases of the primary intracranial melanoma that even though very rare should be kept as a differential diagnosis when meningioma is suspected.
Tratamento da consolidação viciosa do rádio distal: Osteotomia corretiva mediante planejamento com prototipagem em impressão 3D
Authors: Belloti João Carlos , Alves Bernardo Vaz Peres , Archetti Nicola , Nakachima Luis Renato , Faloppa Flavio , Tamaoki Marcel Jun Sugawara 
Published: February 2021

ResumoAs fraturas da porção distal do rádio estão entre as mais comuns do esqueleto. A consolidação viciosa pode ocorrer em até um terço dessas fraturas e acarretar restrição de movimento e dor no punho, com consequente limitação ou incapacidade laboral. O tratamento desta condição implica em osteotomia corretiva das deformidades, o que necessita de um planejamento pré-operatório criterioso em virtude de sua complexidade tridimensional, notadamente naquelas em que há acometimento articular. Assim, recentemente, tem sido utilizada a prototipagem a partir da reconstrução 3D da tomografia computadorizada (TC), o que permite o planejamento com realização da osteotomia em modelo anatômico tridimensional, com o melhor entendimento da deformidade, aproximando-se da situação realística da cirurgia, o que torna o procedimento mais seguro, ágil e previsível. O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar esta técnica e seu emprego em dois casos clínicos.
Insights into the Role of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Kedarisetty Chandan Kumar , Kumar Anupam , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlcohol use disorder is the predominant cause of chronic liver disease globally. The standard of care for the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis, corticosteroids, has been shown to provide a therapeutic response in ∼60% of carefully selected patients with a short-term survival benefit. The patients who do not respond to steroids, or are ineligible due to infections or very severe disease, have little options other than liver transplantation. There is, thus, a large unmet need for new therapeutic strategies for this large and sick group of patients. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to favorably modulate the intrahepatic immune milieu and stimulate the regenerative potential of the liver. Initial studies have shown encouraging results with G-CSF in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. It has also been found to help steroid nonresponsive patients. There is, however, a need for careful selection of patients, regular dose monitoring and close observation for adverse events of G-CSF. In this review, we analyze the basis of the potential benefits, clinical studies, cautions and challenges in the use of G-CSF in alcoholic hepatitis.
Estresse oxidativo e características ultrassonográficas do tendão anormal em jogadores de futebol de elite (um estudo piloto)
Authors: Abate Michele , Di Carlo Luigi , Cocco Giulio , Cocco Antonino , Sabatini Ernesto , Salini Vincenzo 
Published: February 2021

ResumoObjetivo Dados experimentais ultrassonográficos sugerem que o estresse oxidativo desempenha um papel importante na patogênese das tendinopatias. No entanto, essa hipótese permanece especulativa em humanos, dado que faltam dados clínicos para comprová-la. Recentemente, uma nova metodologia permitiu quantificar o estresse oxidativo in vivo medindo a concentração de hidroperóxidos de compostos orgânicos, que tem sido utilizada como um marcador relacionado ao estresse oxidativo em várias condições patológicas e fisiológicas. Dada a confiabilidade desse teste e a falta de informação em sujeitos com tendinopatias, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o status de estresse oxidativo em jogadores profissionais de elite com e sem características ultrassonográficas de dano tendinoso.Métodos Em 73 jogadores de elite foram avaliados parâmetros metabólicos e o estresse oxidativo foi medido por meio de um teste específico (expresso como unidades U-Carr). Por isso, foi realizada uma avaliação ultrassonográfica dos tendões de Aquiles e patelar.Resultados Não foram observadas relações significativas entre parâmetros metabólicos e biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo. Os tendões de Aquiles e patelar mostraram um padrão ecográfico normal em 58 atletas, e anormalidades ultrassonográficas em 15. Os atletas com alterações, em comparação com aqueles com quadro normal, apresentaram níveis significativamente mais elevados de U-Carr (p = 0,000), índice de massa corporal (IMC) (p = 0,03) e eram mais velhos (p = 0,005). A diferença nos valores de U-Carr entre os sujeitos permaneceu significativa também após ajuste por idade e IMC.Conclusão Os resultados deste estudo corroboram a hipótese de que as substâncias oxidativas, também aumentadas a nível sistêmico e não apenas a nível local, podem favorecer danos no tendão.Nível de Evidência IV (estudo piloto).
Pearls and Pitfalls of Phrenic Nerve Transfer for Shoulder Reconstruction in Brachial Plexus Injury
Authors: Doi Kazuteru , Sem Sei Haw , Ghanghurde Bipin , Hattori Yasunori , Sakamoto Sotetsu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to report the functional outcomes of phrenic nerve transfer (PNT) to suprascapular nerve (SSN) for shoulder reconstruction in brachial plexus injury (BPI) patients with total and C5–8 palsies, and its pulmonary complications.
Methods Forty-four out of 127 BPI patients with total and C5–8 palsies who underwent PNT to SSN for shoulder reconstruction were evaluated for functional outcomes in comparison with other types of nerve transfers. Their pulmonary function was analyzed using vital capacity in the percentage of predicted value and Hugh-Jones (HJ) breathless classification. The predisposing factors to develop pulmonary complications in those patients were examined as well.
Results PNT to SSN provided a better shoulder range of motion significantly as compared with nerve transfer from C5 root and contralateral C7. The results between PNT and spinal accessory nerve transfer to SSN were comparable in all directions of shoulder motions. There were no significant respiratory symptoms in majority of the patients including six patients who were classified into grade 2 HJ breathlessness grading. Two predisposing factors for poorer pulmonary performance were identified, which were age and body mass index, with cut-off values of younger than 32 years old and less than 23, respectively.
Conclusions PNT to SSN can be a reliable reconstructive procedure in restoration of shoulder function in BPI patients with total or C5–8 palsy. The postoperative pulmonary complications can be prevented with vigilant patient selection.
Atypical Acute Retroviral Syndrome Presenting as a Facial Palsy
Authors: Olsen Boomer , Wooden Ekaphol 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcute retroviral syndrome (ARS) refers to signs and symptoms present during acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Historically, ARS has been characterized as a mononucleosis-like illness. However, ARS may present with typical (i.e., mononucleosis-like) or atypical signs and symptoms. Here, we review typical and atypical ARS and discuss a 30-year-old man who first presented with a facial palsy and returned 2 years later with oral hairy leukoplakia, at which time he was found to have HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We suggest that facial palsies should pique clinical suspicion for HIV, especially in the context of recent or concurrent flu- or mononucleosis-like illness.
Radiologically Inserted Gastrostomy (RIG) at a Tertiary Center: Periprocedural Safety including Rationalization of Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Authors: Clements Warren , Shvarts Yasmin , Koukounaras Jim , Phan Tuan D. , Goh Gerard S. , Joseph Tim , Kuang Ronny , Murnane Lisa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction Long-term percutaneous enteral nutrition forms an important part of treatment for patients with an inability to meet nutrient requirements orally. Radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) is an alternative to the traditionally performed percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy technique. However, there is marked heterogeneity in the way that RIG is performed. In addition, the role for antibiotic prophylaxis during RIG insertion is not clearly established. This study aimed to assess the safety of RIG insertion using our technique including the role of antibiotics in RIG insertion.
Method Retrospective study over 5 years at a tertiary teaching hospital. Periprocedural or early complications within the first 2 weeks of the procedure were collected and correlated with the use of prophylactic antibiotics.
Results A total of 116 patients met the inclusion criteria. 18-French tube was used in 96.6%. Note that 58.6% of procedures were done with intravenous sedation. Prophylactic 1 g cefazolin was used in 70 patients with 1 case of infection. Procedures were performed without antibiotics in 46 patients with 3 infections, p = 0.20.There were two major complications (1.7%) consisting of right gastric artery injury requiring embolization and gastric wall injury requiring laparotomy. There were 12 minor complications (10.3%) including 4 cases of infection, 3 of severe pain, 1 of minor bleeding, 2 of early dislodgement, and 2 of leak/bypass of gastric contents around the tube.
Conclusion The technique used for RIG insertion at our institution results in a low complication rate. In addition, this study shows no significant difference in early peristomal infection rate with the use of antibiotic prophylaxis.
A conserved long noncoding RNA, GAPLINC, modulates the immune response during endotoxic shock
Authors: Vollmers Apple Cortez , Covarrubias Sergio , Kuang Daisy , Shulkin Aaron , Iwuagwu Justin , Katzman Sol , Song Ran , Viswanathan Kasthuribai , Vollmers Christopher , Wakeland Edward , Carpenter Susan 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceInflammation has largely been studied in the context of protein-coding genes. Recent studies have uncovered lncRNAs as important regulators of immunity. The functional characterization of these genes remains an active area of research. In this study, we identify GAPLINC as a functionally conserved lncRNA between human and mouse. GAPLINC depletion results in enhanced expression of immune response genes that are direct NF-κB targets. Astoundingly, we observe thatGaplincknockout mice show resistance to LPS-induced endotoxic shock and find that basal expression of inflammatory genes prevents clot formation to protect against multiorgan failure and death. These findings have implications in the treatment of sepsis, in which new therapies targeting lncRNAs can contribute valuable information in understanding inflammation and improving patient outcome.
The basis of the semiclassical description of electron transport in solids
Authors: Bringuier E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The theoretical account of electron transport in crystalline solids is often taught to graduate students through a semiclassical equation, which is a classical kinetic equation amended with elements of quantum physics in a non-systematic way. This blending of classical and quantal elements accounts for many experimental features of electron transport, save for a few ones observed over short distances. For students acquainted with solid-state quantum mechanics, it is preferable to derive the semiclassical equation from quantum dynamics so as to pinpoint the shortcomings and approximations underlying the semiclassical picture of transport. This paper explores the pathway leading from quantum dynamics to semiclassical kinetics within a simplified model not exceeding the proficiencies of a graduate student in physics or electronic engineering. In this model an electron moves in a crystal under the joint influences of the periodic crystal potential, an external electrostatic field and a set of lattice imperfections haphazardly distributed in the crystal volume. The first influence is treated exactly by means of standard energy-band theory and the other two are handled perturbatively. Following a procedure already tested in free-space issues, we replace Schrödinger’s wave function in position space with a Wigner function defined in the phase (position–pseudomomentum) space of semiclassical kinetics. The dynamical equation on the Wigner function is worked out and approximated so as to retrieve the semiclassical equation. The errors incurred in making use of the latter are assessed quantitatively. It is explained how a time-irreversible evolution equation—governing a phase-space occupancy—arises from reversible Schrödinger dynamics—governing a complex-valued probability amplitude. Besides clarifying the foundation of the semiclassical picture of electron transport and providing an explicit quantum-coherence correction to that picture, this paper may help students in general physics to better grasp, in a concrete issue, the interplay between classical and quantum concepts.
Weak itinerant ferromagnetism and non-Fermi liquid behavior in Ni-TM (TM = Cr, Nb) alloys near critical concentration
Authors: Vishvakarma Sonu , Srinivas V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report a comprehensive study on the magnetic, electrical and thermal properties of Ni100−x

TM

x
(TM = V, Cr, Nb,) alloys around their critical concentration. Analysis of field and temperature dependence magnetization data suggests a weak itinerant ferromagnetic behavior in x = 8 and 10 compositions and the ferromagnetic ordering suppresses in the concentration range 10 < x < 12. Further, the temperature dependence of specific heat shows an unusual low temperature variation with an enhanced Sommerfeld coefficient, γ, with a signature of non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) behavior close to critical concentration. Further, the enhancement in Kadowaki–Woods ratio suggests it to be a strongly correlated electron system near critical concentration. Present analysis of experimental data consistently revealed that the NFL behavior is caused by spin fluctuations near critical concentration. The temperature dependencies of the electrical resistivity, the magnetization and linear term of the electronic specific heat appear to follow the theoretical predictions of a quantum phase transition and it is tempting to suggest that the presently studies Ni-rich alloys can be candidates for the observation of Griffith phase.
Fabrication of antireflective silver-capped tin oxide nano-obelisk arrays as high sensitive SERS substrate
Authors: Paloly Abdul Rasheed , Bushiri M Junaid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hybrid noble metal-semiconductor oxide nanostructures often provide unique and synergetic functionalities that are highly desirable in various practical applications. However, the fabrication of such systems with desired functionalities using cost-effective techniques is still a great challenge. In this work, we report a facile route for the preparation of novel Ag/SnO2 nano-obelisk arrayed thin films on silicon substrates by spray pyrolysis and thermal evaporation techniques. The prepared samples exhibited broadband antireflectance in both UV and visible regions attributed to the refractive index gradient and scattering provided by the nano-obelisk arrays. The localised surface plasmon resonance of silver nanocaps further enhanced the light absorption contributing to the antireflective property of the hybrid system. Ag/SnO2 nano-obelisk arrayed thin film exhibited excellent SERS performance with an enhancement factor of 1.13 × 108 with a limit of detection value of 10−12 M for the trace detection of R6G dye. In addition, Ag/SnO2 nano-obelisk arrayed thin film based SERS substrate exhibited good homogeneity across the measured spots and outstanding stability which are essential for quantitative field analysis. The results indicate that the Ag/SnO2 nano-obelisk arrayed thin films are efficient SERS substrates with the merits of having the ease of production, high sensitivity and stability for various practical sensing applications.
Dual covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for effective targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Assali Mohyeddin , Kittana Naim , Dayyeh Safa’ , Khiar Noureddine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chemotherapy is a mainstay strategy in the management of cancer. Regrettably, current chemotherapeutic agents are cytotoxic not only to cancer cells but also to healthy cells, resulting in dose-limiting serious side effects. Therefore, many researchers are eager to develop new drug delivery systems that may help to decrease the side effects and the target delivery of chemotherapy to cancer cells. One of the epochal drug delivery systems in this field is based on carbon nanotubes technology. The aim of this work is the dual covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with doxorubicin (DOX) connected with acid-labile linkage and mannose (Man) as a targeting agent. The characterization of the developed nano-drug by transmission electron microscopy showed good dispersibility of the functionalized SWCNTs with diameters (6–10) nm. Moreover, the percentage of functionalization was determined by thermogravimetric analysis showing 25% of functionalization in the case of SWNCTs-NHN-DOX (7) and 51% for SWCNTs-Man-NHN-DOX (11). The in vitro release profile of Dox from SWNCTs-NHN-DOX (7) showed 45% of the loaded drug was released over 18 h at pH 7.4 and almost complete release at pH 6.4 at 37 °C. However, the in vitro release profile of Dox from SWCNTs-Man-NHN-DOX (11) showed 75% of the loaded drug was released over 5 h at pH 6.4 at 37 °C. The cytotoxic effect of the compounds was studied on liver cancer cells (HepG2) at different concentrations and different pH conditions and was compared with DOX alone. The cytotoxicity of compounds SWCNTs-NHN-DOX (7) and SWCNTs-Man-NHN-DOX (11) was enhanced at pH 6.5, where the cell viability in both test compounds was significantly reduced by almost 50% compared to the cell viability at pH 7.4 for the same test compound Moreover, the pre-incubation of cells with different concentrations of mannose reduced the cytotoxicity of compound (11) by more than 50%, suggesting that the entry of this complex could be at least in part facilitated by mannose receptors, which imparts this complex a kind of selectivity for cancer cells that overexpress this type of receptors.