bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled creation and decay of singly-quantized vortices in a polar magnetic phase
Authors: Xiao Y. , Borgh M. O. , Weiss L. S. , Blinova A. A. , Ruostekoski J. , Hall D. S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantized vortices appear in physical systems from superfluids and superconductors to liquid crystals and high energy physics. Unlike their scalar cousins, superfluids with complex internal structure can exhibit rich dynamics of decay and even fractional vorticity. Here, we experimentally and theoretically explore the creation and time evolution of vortex lines in the polar magnetic phase of a trapped spin-1 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensate. A process of phase-imprinting a nonsingular vortex, its decay into a pair of singular spinor vortices, and a rapid exchange of magnetic phases creates a pair of three-dimensional, singular singly-quantized vortex lines with core regions that are filled with atoms in the ferromagnetic phase. Atomic interactions guide the subsequent vortex dynamics, leading to core structures that suggest the decay of the singly-quantized vortices into half-quantum vortices.
Responses to Auditory Feedback Manipulations in Speech May Be Affected by Previous Exposure to Auditory Errors
Authors: Niziolek Caroline A. , Parrell Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Speakers use auditory feedback to guide their speech output, although individuals differ in the magnitude of their compensatory response to perceived errors in feedback. Little is known about the factors that contribute to the compensatory response or how fixed or flexible they are within an individual. Here, we test whether manipulating the perceived reliability of auditory feedback modulates speakers' compensation to auditory perturbations, as predicted by optimal models of sensorimotor control.

Method

Forty participants produced monosyllabic words in two separate sessions, which differed in the auditory feedback given during an initial exposure phase. In the
veridical
session exposure phase, feedback was normal. In the
noisy
session exposure phase, small, random formant perturbations were applied, reducing reliability of auditory feedback. In each session, a subsequent test phase introduced larger unpredictable formant perturbations. We assessed whether the magnitude of within-trial compensation for these larger perturbations differed across the two sessions.

Results
Compensatory responses to downward (though not upward) formant perturbations were larger in the veridical session than the noisy session. However, in post hoc testing, we found the magnitude of this effect is highly dependent on the choice of analysis procedures. Compensation magnitude was not predicted by other production measures, such as formant variability, and was not reliably correlated across sessions.

Conclusions
Our results, though mixed, provide tentative support that the feedback control system monitors the reliability of sensory feedback. These results must be interpreted cautiously given the potentially limited stability of auditory feedback compensation measures across analysis choices and across sessions.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14167136
Performance of Forced-Alignment Algorithms on Children's Speech
Authors: Mahr Tristan J. , Berisha Visar , Kawabata Kan , Liss Julie , Hustad Katherine C. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Acoustic measurement of speech sounds requires first segmenting the speech signal into relevant units (words, phones, etc.). Manual segmentation is cumbersome and time consuming. Forced-alignment algorithms automate this process by aligning a transcript and a speech sample. We compared the phoneme-level alignment performance of five available forced-alignment algorithms on a corpus of child speech. Our goal was to document aligner performance for child speech researchers.

Method
The child speech sample included 42 children between 3 and 6 years of age. The corpus was force-aligned using the Montreal Forced Aligner with and without speaker adaptive training, triphone alignment from the Kaldi speech recognition engine, the Prosodylab-Aligner, and the Penn Phonetics Lab Forced Aligner. The sample was also manually aligned to create gold-standard alignments. We evaluated alignment algorithms in terms of accuracy (whether the interval covers the midpoint of the manual alignment) and difference in phone-onset times between the automatic and manual intervals.

Results
The Montreal Forced Aligner with speaker adaptive training showed the highest accuracy and smallest timing differences. Vowels were consistently the most accurately aligned class of sounds across all the aligners, and alignment accuracy increased with age for fricative sounds across the aligners too.

Conclusion
The best-performing aligner fell just short of human-level reliability for forced alignment. Researchers can use forced alignment with child speech for certain classes of sounds (vowels, fricatives for older children), especially as part of a semi-automated workflow where alignments are later inspected for gross errors.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14167058
Short-Term Test–Retest Reliability of Contralateral Suppression of Click-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Normal-Hearing Subjects
Authors: Keppler Hannah , Degeest Sofie , Vinck Bart 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe objective of the current study was to investigate the short-term test–retest reliability of contralateral suppression (CS) of click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) using commercially available otoacoustic emission equipment.MethodTwenty-three young normal-hearing subjects were tested. An otoscopic evaluation, admittance measures, pure-tone audiometry, measurements of CEOAEs without and with contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS) to determine CS were performed at baseline (n= 23), an immediate retest without and with refitting of the probe (only CS of CEOAEs;n= 11), and a retest after 1 week (n= 23) were performed. Test–retest reliability parameters were determined on CEOAE response amplitudes without and with CAS, and on raw and normalized CS indices between baseline and the other test moments.ResultsRepeated-measures analysis of variance indicated no random or systematic changes in CEOAE response amplitudes without and with CAS, and in raw and normalized CS indices between the test moments. Moderate-to-high intraclass correlation coefficients with mostly high significant between-subjects variability between baseline and each consecutive test moment were found for CEOAE response amplitude without and with CAS, and for the raw and normalized CS indices. Other reliability parameters deteriorated between CEOAE response amplitudes with CAS as compared to without CAS, between baseline and retest with probe refitting, and after 1 week, as well as for frequency-specific raw and normalized CS indices as compared to global CS indices.ConclusionsThere was considerable variability in raw and normalized CS indices as measured using CEOAEs with CAS using commercially available otoacoustic emission equipment. More research is needed to optimize the measurement of CS of CEOAEs and to reduce influencing factors, as well as to make generalization of test–retest reliability data possible.
A time‐sensitive networking‐enabled synchronized three‐phase and phasor measurement‐based monitoring system for microgrids
Authors: Agarwal Tanushree , Niknejad Payam , Rahmani Fatemeh , Barzegaran Mohammadreza , Vanfretti Luigi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the design and implementation of a Time‐Sensitive Networking (TSN) protocol‐enabled synchronized measurement‐based monitoring system for microgrids. The proposed approach synchronizes and prioritizes the communication nodes, allowing it to transfer ultra‐high three‐phase sampled data and phasors. TSN is achieved by Quality of Service (QoS) profile software library. This allows control, monitoring, traffic scheduling, and prioritization. Some buses in a microgrid may have priority over others; and this can be prioritized at the data level too, where a part of the information is more critical than the others. The advantages of utilizing the TSN protocol on a microgrid with the approach proposed are: it is an alternative to GPS technology, three‐phase data can be exchanged at much faster rate and data traffic in the network can be shaped with low packet loss, and low latency, in addition to providing interoperability through Data Distribution Services (DDS). These enhancements improve the communication reliability and enable distributed control, resulting in avoidance of any bottlenecks in the communications network. This proposed approach is implemented and demonstrated in a laboratory‐scale microgrid. The results obtained, verify low latency and high throughput of the entire system while meeting the TSN and QoS requirements.
Enhanced cyber‐physical security using attack‐resistant cyber nodes and event‐triggered moving target defence
Authors: Higgins Martin , Mayes Keith , Teng Fei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA cyber‐physical authentication strategy to protect power system infrastructure against false data injection (FDI) attacks is outlined. The authors demonstrate that it is feasible to use small, low‐cost, yet highly attack‐resistant security chips as measurement nodes, enhanced with an event‐triggered moving target defence (MTD), to offer effective cyber‐physical security. At the cyber layer, the proposed solution is based on the MULTOS Trust‐Anchor chip, using an authenticated encryption protocol, offering cryptographically protected and chained reports at up to 12/s. The availability of the Trust‐Anchors allows the grid controller to delegate aspects of passive anomaly detection, supporting local as well as central alarms. In this context, a distributed event‐triggered MTD protocol is implemented at the physical layer to complement cyber side enhancement. This protocol applies a distributed anomaly detection scheme based on Holt‐Winters seasonal forecasting in combination with MTD implemented via inductance perturbation. The scheme is shown to be effective at preventing or detecting a wide range of attacks against power system measurement system.
Update Mammakarzinom 2020 Teil 3 – frühes Mammakarzinom
Authors: Huober Jens , Schneeweiss Andreas , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Müller Volkmar , Lux Michael P. , Janni Wolfgang , Ettl Johannes , Belleville Erik , Thill Marc , Fasching Peter A. , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Schulmeyer Carla E. , Welslau Manfred , Overkamp Friedrich , Tesch Hans , Fehm Tanja N. , Lüftner Diana , Schütz Florian , Wöckel Achim 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Therapie von Patientinnen mit frühem Mammakarzinom war immer schon geprägt von Eskalation durch neue Therapien und Deeskalation durch Identifikation besserer Therapieschemata oder Einführung von besseren Werkzeugen zur Einschätzung der Prognose. Die Anstrengungen der letzten Jahre haben auf einigen dieser Gebiete zu einer soliden Datenlage geführt. Die Ergebnisse der großen Deeskalationsstudien durch Nutzung von Multi-Gen-Tests liegen ebenso vor wie die Ergebnisse einiger Studien, die die neuen Anti-HER2-Substanzen T-DM1 und Pertuzumab in der frühen Therapiesituation untersucht haben. Mehrere groß angelegte Studien zur Untersuchung der Rolle der CDK4/6-Inhibitoren stehen kurz vor dem Abschluss, sodass auch in dieser Therapiesituation mit Neuerungen zu rechnen ist. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll die Ergebnisse der neuesten Publikationen zusammenfassen und einordnen.
Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter – Kardiovaskuläre Implikationen für die Zukunft
Authors: Stein Robert , Kiess Wieland , Körner Antje 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAdipositas und assoziierte kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren, wie arterielle Hypertonie, Dyslipidämie, Hyperinsulinämie und gestörte Glukosetoleranz, entstehen häufig bereits in der Kindheit und legen somit den Grundstein für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter. Gleichwohl lassen sich Folgeschäden wie endotheliale Dysfunktion, Arteriosklerose und kardiales Remodeling bereits in dieser frühen Lebensphase nachweisen. Die Risikofaktoren zeigen eine hohe Stabilität bis in das Erwachsenenalter hinein und führen in ihrer langfristigen Akkumulation zur Ausprägung kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse. Auch wenn eine Gewichtsreduktion nur in seltenen Fällen gelingt, sollte eine konsequente Therapie der Adipositas und ihrer Komorbiditäten frühzeitig versucht werden, da eine Remission während der Kindheit das Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Folgen im Erwachsenenalter auf ein Niveau senkt, welches vergleichbar mit dem der schlanken Normalbevölkerung ist.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Translated Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation Score
Authors: Gómez-Eslava Bárbara , Rodriguez-Ricardo Maria Cristina , Serpa Juan Camilo , Fajury Raschid , García-González Luis A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study is to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the translated Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score exclusively for pathologies of the wrist.
Materials and Methods A methodological study of cross-cultural validation of clinical scores was performed through a test–retest reliability analysis, internal consistency, response to change, and criterion validity assessment.
Results The test was applied to 57 patients with 139 surveys. Stability evaluated through Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.98, with 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.97–0.99; Cronbach's alpha was > 0.91; the difference in score was 24.26 (standard deviation: 26.59); the standardized response mean was 0.912; the effect size was 0.924; the Spearman's coefficient between the differences of PRWE and DASH—Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand—scores was r = 0.899, with 95% CI = 0.811–0.947; Spearman's nonparametric correlation test between PRWE and DASH was 0.82, with 95% CI = 0.711–0.890.
Conclusions We successfully validated the Spanish translation of the PRWE scale. It showed valid and reliable interpretation of functional status and response to treatment after distal radius fracture, for Colombian population.
Level of Evidence This is a level II, methodological study for scale validation.
Modelling of a soft tunable lens actuated by an annular dielectric elastomer actuator with homogeneous and inhomogeneous prestretches
Authors: Shi Huiqi , Wang Huiming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Unlike the conventional tunable lens which contains cumbersome elements to fulfill the focus adjustment, soft liquid lens shows distinct advantages in compactness and flexibility. This paper presents a computational model of a dielectric elastomer (DE)-based, liquid-coupled soft tunable lens. The vital component of the lens system is a DE film which is divided into lens part and actuation part. The actuation part is annular which is coated with compliant electrodes while the lens part is circular and uncoated. A fixed volume of glycerol is injected into the lens to act as a transparent medium. An applied voltage will trigger the transmission of liquid between the two parts and eventually change the focal length. Governing equations for the two parts are established and the shooting method with two initial guesses is developed to solve the boundary value problems. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data. Several parametric analyses are carried out based on the developed model. It is found that the film thickness, initial volume of the liquid, the prestretch, and areas of the two parts all have significant effects on the focusing ability of the tunable lens. Both the homogeneous and inhomogeneous prestretched schemes are considered. An inhomogeneous prestretch on the annular actuation part is beneficial for improving the focusing ability of the tunable lens.
Numerical investigation of ion collection by a planar probe in stationary and parallel flowing plasmas
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wang Weizong , Cai Guobiao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
3D hybrid particle-in-cell simulations were performed to investigate the ion current collection behavior by a thin double-sided circular planar probe in both stationary and parallel flowing plasmas with cold ions and Boltzmann electrons. Results for stationary plasma cases showed that the assumption of a constant ion density ratio at the sheath boundary to that of unperturbed plasma is inaccurate for planar probes for probe radii from 10 to 30 Debye length and probe biases from −5 to −30 times the electron temperature. The flowing plasma results showed that ion current strongly depends on the parallel flowing velocity, contrary to earlier models. The collected ion current decreases with increasing parallel velocity, reaching a minimum at around ion sound speed, then slowly recovers and even exceeds the value of the stationary case at high flow speed. The deviation of ion current due to parallel flow from stationary case could be −35% to +20% for flowing plasmas with flow speed comparable to ion sound speed. Therefore, it is important to consider the flow impact on ion collection when using planar probes in such circumstances, e.g. electric propulsion plume measurements. The mechanism for this behavior is qualitatively investigated and discussed.
Ion irradiation induced strain and structural changes in LiTaO3 perovskite*
Authors: Zhang F X , Velisa G , Xue H , Sellami N , Trautmann C , Zhang Y , Weber W J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
LiTaO3 crystals irradiated with 3 MeV and 1.162 GeV Au ions were studied by single crystal x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements. The maximum lattice strains after 3 MeV Au ion irradiation to a fluence of 1.2 × 1013 cm−2 were 1.2% and 0.6% along the c- and a-/b-axes, respectively. Two effects were observed in 1.162 GeV Au ion irradiated samples: (i) the (0006) and (1120) Bragg peaks were split into doublets, which suggested a subtle structural change due to slight modification of chemical composition; and (ii) the pre-damaged 1.2% lattice strain along the c-axis was relaxed to 0.9% after subsequent irradiation with 1.162 GeV Au ions, while relaxation along the a- or b-axis was not obvious. A distinct change in the Raman spectrum of the 〈0001〉 oriented LiTaO3 crystals was observed after 1.162 GeV Au ion irradiation, but no obvious change was observed in the 〈1120〉 oriented samples or in 3 MeV Au ion irradiated samples. Strain and structural changes in crystalline LiTaO3, with or without pre-existing defects, upon ion irradiation are delineated in its responding to inelastic ionization and elastic nuclear collisions.
Mobility edges in one-dimensional models with quasi-periodic disorder
Authors: Tang Qiyun , He Yan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the mobility edges in a variety of one-dimensional tight binding models with slowly varying quasi-periodic disorders. It is found that the quasi-periodic disordered models can be approximated by an ensemble of periodic models. The mobility edges can be determined by the overlaps of the energy bands of these periodic models. We demonstrate that this method provides an efficient way to find out the precise location of mobility edge in quasi-periodic disordered models. Based on this approximate method, we also propose an index to indicate the degree of localization of each eigenstate.
Impact of a contrast-to-noise ratio driven and material specific exposure control on image quality and radiation exposure in angiography
Authors: Werncke Thomas , Kemling Marius , Tashenov Stanislav , Hinrichs Jan B , Meine Timo C , Maschke Sabine K , Kyriakou Yiannis , Wacker Frank K , Meyer Bernhard C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Conventional detector-dose driven exposure controls (DEC) do not consider the contrasting material of interest in angiography. Considering the latter when choosing the acquisition parameters should allow for optimization of x-ray quality and consecutively lead to a substantial reduction of radiation exposure. Therefore, the impact of a material-specific, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) driven exposure control (CEC) compared to DEC on radiation exposure was investigated. A 3D-printed phantom containing iron, tantalum, and platinum foils and cavities, filled with iodine, barium, and gas (carbon dioxide), was developed to measure the CNR. This phantom was placed within a stack of polymethylmethacrylate and aluminum plates simulating a patient equivalent thickness (PET) of 2.5–40 cm. Fluoroscopy and digital radiography (DR) were conducted applying either CEC or three, regular DEC protocols with parameter settings used in abdominal interventions. CEC protocols where chosen to achieve material-specific CNR values similar to those of DEC. Incident air kerma at the reference point(Ka,r), using either CEC or DEC, was assessed and possible Ka,r reduction for similar CNR was estimated. We show that CEC provided similar CNR as DEC at the same or lower Ka,r. When imaging barium, iron, and iodine Ka,r was substantially reduced below a PET of 20 cm and between 25 cm and 30 cm for fluoroscopy and Dr When imaging platinum and tantalum using fluoroscopy and DR and gas using DR, the Ka,r reduction was substantially higher. We estimate the Ka,r reduction for these materials between 15% and 84% for fluoroscopy and DR between 15% and 93% depending on the PET. The results of this study demonstrate a high potential for skin dose reduction in abdominal radiology when using a material-specific CEC compared to DEC. This effect is substantial in imaging materials with higher energy K-edges, which is beneficial, for example, in long-lasting embolization procedures with tantalum-based embolization material in young patients with arterio-venous malformations.
Design and analysis of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer using high coupling PMN-PT single crystal thin film for ultrasound imaging
Authors: Chen Mingzhu , Zhang Qiaozhen , Zhao Xiangyong , Wang Feifei , Liu Huiling , Li Baichuan , Zhang Xiangfen , Luo Haosu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to its higher frequency, improved impedance matching, and easy formation of array, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) has drawn much attentions for application in ultrasound imaging. In this paper, PMUT based on [011] poled 0.70Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.30PbTiO3 (PMN-0.30PT) single crystal thin film was proposed and modeled by performing finite element method. Influences of different configurations of top electrode shape and bottom cavity shape on PMUT performance were studied. The investigation results show that the resonant frequency of PMN-PT-based PMUT with circular top electrode and square bottom cavity is up to 27.155 MHz. The effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (

k

eff

2

)

of PMUT was up to 2.32%, which was 127% larger than that of lead zirconate titanate-based PMUT. The static transmitting sensitivity was three times enhancement compared to PMUT with square top electrode and square bottom cavity. Furthermore, acoustic field characteristics of PMUT and PMUT arrays based on PMN-PT in water were investigated. The relative pulse-echo sensitivity level of 2 × 2 PMUT array was −35 dB with the reflector at 200 μm. The obtained results demonstrated that the proposed PMN-PT-based PMUT can achieve high frequency and large

k

eff

2

as well as considerable sensitivity, which is promising for application in high resolution ultrasound imaging.