bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers in the Second LIGO–Virgo Gravitational Wave Catalog
Authors: Kimball Chase , Talbot Colm , Berry Christopher P L , Zevin Michael , Thrane Eric , Kalogera Vicky , Buscicchio Riccardo , Carney Matthew , Dent Thomas , Middleton Hannah , Payne Ethan , Veitch John , Williams Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study the population properties of merging binary black holes in the second LIGO–Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog assuming they were all formed dynamically in gravitationally bound clusters. Using a phenomenological population model, we infer the mass and spin distribution of first-generation black holes, while self-consistently accounting for hierarchical mergers. Considering a range of cluster masses, we see compelling evidence for hierarchical mergers in clusters with escape velocities ≳100 km s−1. For our most probable cluster mass, we find that the catalog contains at least one second-generation merger with 99% credibility. We find that the hierarchical model is preferred over an alternative model with no hierarchical mergers (Bayes factor


>
1400

) and that GW190521 is favored to contain two second-generation black holes with odds


>
700

, and GW190519, GW190602, GW190620, and GW190706 are mixed-generation binaries with


>
10

. However, our results depend strongly on the cluster escape velocity, with more modest evidence for hierarchical mergers when the escape velocity is ≲100 km s−1. Assuming that all binary black holes are formed dynamically in globular clusters with escape velocities on the order of tens of km s−1, GW190519 and GW190521 are favored to include a second-generation black hole with odds


>
1

. In this case, we find that 99% of black holes from the inferred total population have masses that are less than 49M
⊙, and that this constraint is robust to our choice of prior on the maximum black hole mass.
The nationwide ‘ZNIEFF’ inventory in France: a free dataset of more than one million synthesised species data in zones of high ecological value
Authors: Lepareur Fanny , Manceau Mathieu , Reyjol Yorick , Touroult Julien , Robert Solène , Vest Frédéric , Horellou Arnaud , Poncet Laurent 
Published: July 2021

In France, a ‘natural zone of ecological, faunistic or floristic value’ (Zone Naturelle d'Intérêt Écologique, Faunistique et Floristique - ZNIEFF) is a natural area regionally known for its remarkable ecological characteristics. The ZNIEFF inventory is a naturalist and scientific survey program launched in 1982 by the Ecology Ministry, with support from the French National Museum of Natural History (MNHN).
This paper describes the ZNIEFF national dataset, which comprises 1 013 25 synthesised data for various animal (38%), vegetal (59%) and fungus (2%) species in terrestrial and marine zones (the last download took place on 26 May 2020). A total of 19 842 sites throughout continental France as well as in the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, La Réunion, French Guiana, Saint-Martin, Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon) are included in the ZNIEFF dataset (last download: 26 May 2020). This dataset is now available in open access.
All data were collected by skilled naturalists using professional protocols over almost 40 years. They consist mainly of observations of rare, threatened or endemic species, all validated by regional experts. Data is updated twice a year after national validation. Some of the observed of species, the so-called ‘trigger species’ or ‘determinant’ species, are of central interest for a site to be considered a ZNIEFF (zone of high ecological value). This concerns more than 35 000 taxa, mainly angiosperms, insects, fungi, birds and fish.
Molecular Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Receptor Binding Domain in Complex with ACE2 Receptor
Authors: Padilla-Sanchez Victor 
Published: July 2021

COVID19 pandemic has disrupted our lives since December 2019 causing millions of infections and deaths worldwide. After more than a year we have vaccines that are effective in preventing the disease even though we are far from finished to vaccinate most of the population. Certain countries are doing better vaccinating people while others are far behind and if that is not enough new variants have appeared that put at risk our progress on defeating COVID19. The virus SARS-CoV-2 is mutating and many mutations change the spike glycoprotein which binds to the human receptor ACE2 sometimes making the virus more infectious and able to evade immunity. One virus variant of concern (VoC) is the one called delta which is becoming prevalent very quickly among new infections. The delta variant is a real threat for many people that are not vaccinated. Here I present molecular dynamics of the receptor binding domain in complex with its receptor ACE2 to shed light on the structural interactions that make this variant more dangerous.
L’Église comme hétérotopie signifiante. Une forme ecclésiale possible pour un christianisme de la dé-coïncidence
Authors: Mathot Benoit 
Published: July 2021

Le philosophe François Jullien ne cesse de déployer au fil de ses derniers ouvrages le concept de « dé-coïncidence ». Ce concept, dont il a lui-même magnifiquement sondé les interactions avec le christianisme, est extrêmement stimulant pour la théologie. Toutefois, se pose la question de la traduction ecclésiale de ce qui serait un christianisme de la dé-coïncidence. C’est ici que, selon Benoit Mathot , la compréhension de l’Église comme hétérotopie signifiante développée par le théologien Pierre Gisel peut servir de guide et d’aiguillon.
Ariel contre Ariel : Es 29,1-7 LXX vs TM
Authors: Le Moigne Philippe 
Published: July 2021

Le début du chapitre 29 d’Ésaïe évoque la ville d’Ariel, inconnue par ailleurs ; le toponyme est simplement translittéré dans la Septante. Philippe Le Moigne propose cependant de donner à ce terme, en grec, un sens différent de celui que l’on s’accorde à donner au mot hébreu.
Des discriminations systémiques
Authors: Le Berre Clémentine , Michelet Laure 
Published: July 2021

Les traitements spécifiques dont sont l’objet les personnes perçues comme migrantes à Calais – mais aussi en d’autres lieux – représentent véritablement et sans aucun doute des discriminations telles que le droit pénal les a définies. Les difficultés rencontrées pour combattre ces violations de la loi commises par les services publics comme par des personnes privées ne permettent pas encore d’organiser une stratégie de défense en l’état actuel des institutions, mais des citoyens recensent et garderont trace des faits.
Intervenir en santé mentale dans une zone de non-droit
Authors: Einhorn Lou 
Published: July 2021

Comment venir en aide à des personnes exilées, souvent en grande souffrance psychique, bloquées dans un pays dont elles espèrent s’extraire rapidement, dont l’énergie psychique est mobilisée pour la survie et alors que le présent les confronte à des violences policières et des conditions de vie indignes ? C’est l’équation redoutable à laquelle sont confrontées les associations qui viennent en aide aux réfugiés dans le Calaisis. Entretien avec Lou Einhorn, psychologue, qui depuis 2012, plaide et œuvre pour l’accès aux soins de santé mentale des populations en transit.
« Calais, c’est dur, tout le monde sait ça ! »
Authors: Sékou  , Couillet Bonnie , Spoladore Hélène 
Published: July 2021

Après un périple de plusieurs mois qui lui a fait quitter la Guinée en passant par le Mali, l’Algérie, le Maroc puis l’Espagne, Sékou, Guinéen de 32 ans, arrive à Calais en 2018. En mars 2019, il est un des fondateurs du collectif Appel d’air, créé dans la jungle par les différentes communautés d’exilés, dans un contexte où les violences policières se multiplient, où les exilés, déjà éprouvés par les mauvaises conditions de vie, craignent que la préfecture n’évacue une partie du camp. Le collectif va faire parler de lui lors d’une action d’éclat dans le port de Calais qui va mobiliser plus d’une centaine de personnes migrantes… et entraîner une répression particulièrement violente qui va pousser les exilé·es à s’auto-organiser pour mieux résister.
Pour ou contre la Rénovation ? Inégalités résidentielles, mobilisations et appropriations des immeubles khrouchtchéviens à Moscou
Authors: Inizan Guenola 
Published: July 2021

Cet article propose de lire les dynamiques spatiales de la Moscou post-soviétique à travers les réceptions et réactions habitantes au programme Rénovation. Annoncé en 2017, celui-ci prévoit la démolition de plus de 5 000 immeubles d’habitation khrouchtchéviens dans la capitale russe d’ici 2032. À l’appui d’une enquête menée dans un district moscovite, on montre que ces immeubles abritent aujourd’hui une forte variété de situations résidentielles, du fait de l’héritage de la structure résidentielle soviétique et du développement du marché de l’immobilier. En conséquence, si la Rénovation a généré des mobilisations collectives entrainant des formes de réappropriation l’espace habité, celle-ci a aussi été limitée par les intérêts contraires des habitants.
Assessment of Behavioral Risk Factors for Dengue
Authors: Biradar Mallikarjun , Kunte Renuka , Basannar Dashrath 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Dengue cases continue to be reported every year in India despite various measures being taken for the prevention. In the absence of an effective vaccine and a specific treatment, protective behavior at individual level is of paramount importance. This case–control study was undertaken to find the association of some important behavioral risk factors with dengue fever.

Methods:
The study included all consecutive patients of dengue fever >15 years of age visiting a tertiary care hospital in Pune during 2018 confirmed by laboratory investigation as cases. Healthy individuals living in the same locality as cases were selected as controls. Cases and controls were interviewed using a pretested semistructured questionnaire called Dengue Risk Assessment to Initiate Control to collect information on behaviors for increased vulnerability to dengue infection. Relevant data were collected and compiled using Microsoft Excel and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 (IBM, USA).

Results:
A total of 30 cases (mean age 30.2, standard deviation [SD] 9.2) and 60 controls (mean age 30.08, SD 7.7) were recruited in the study. The results showed that cases were more likely to have certain behaviors associated with dengue than controls, namely, not practicing container management at home during the last 2 weeks (odds ratio [OR] = 3.57 and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–10.63), not using repellents (OR = 2.89 and 95% CI: 1.16–7.19), not wearing full-sleeve shirt/trousers (OR = 6.14 and 95% CI: 1.75–23.8), and absence of source reduction practices in the surrounding area (OR = 8.84 and 95% CI: 1.10–71.42). A significantly larger proportion of cases had lower practice scores (≤7) for dengue prevention than controls (OR = 5.20 and 95% CI: 1.41–19.23).

Conclusion:
This study found that odds of not practicing conventional personal protective measures and container management were higher among dengue fever individuals than controls.
Assessment of Growth Monitoring Activities Conducted in Anganwadi Centers
Authors: Biswas Daliya , Basu Subhra Samujjwal , Lo Sourav , Samanta Sumana , Pramanik Rama , Sarkar Gautam Narayan 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Growth monitoring under Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program is an essential strategy for the prevention and control of malnutrition.

Objective:
To assess growth monitoring activities done by Anganwadi workers (AWWs), the influencing factors related to it and perception of mothers about growth monitoring service.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in all the Anganwadi canters of urban field practice area of Community Medicine Department of Bankura Sammilani Medical College. Qualitative data collection methods were employed which comprised of nonparticipant observation of growth monitoring activities, in depth interview (IDI) of AWWs, and focus group discussion (FGD) with mothers of enrolled children. While the checklists had been compiled in Microsoft Excel, transcripts of IDIs and FGDs were analyzed based on the thematic analysis.

Results:
Growth chart plotting, interpretation of growth curve, and discussion regarding child's growth had been carried out diligently, but preparation for weighing, putting child in the pants and actual weighing of the child were not properly done in all cases. AWWs mentioned logistic issues such as nonavailability of Taring scale and short supply of growth registers, perceived pressure of register maintenance, inadequate infrastructure, lack of periodic training, and supervision among the difficulties. Most of them were satisfied about community participation in growth monitoring process. Many mothers knew about weighing process, but the use of a growth chart had been reiterated by only a few.

Conclusion:
Logistic and infrastructural issues needed redressal while supportive supervision was essential to ensure the quality of the growth monitoring process. Mothers should also be made more involved in this key activity of ICDS.
Perceptions of the First-year MBBS Students about Professionalism and Ethics after Foundation Course of Competency-Based Medical Education Curriculum
Authors: Gupta Rajshree Rajulkumar , Prakash Abhishek , Nair Bindu T. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
In India, with the introduction of the new Competency-Based Medical Education curriculum in 2019, the “Foundation Course” has become mandatory for the newly admitted medical undergraduates. “Professional Development, including Ethics” which is an important part of this course, has dedicated 40 h of teaching.

Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted in August 2019 during the “Foundation Course” for the 1st-year medical students of Army College of Medical Sciences. A well-structured module validated by the members of the Medical Education Unit was used for teaching “Professional Development including Ethics.” At the end of 40 h of teaching, the students' perception about the “Professional development, including Ethics” module was taken with the help of an anonymous validated feedback questionnaire.

Results:
Most of the students (94.19%) felt that professionalism and ethics are very important for doctors and should be taught. About 90.7% felt that the care of the patient should be the first concern of a doctor. The students (94.19%) also felt that teaching of “Ethics” should be included in the curriculum, 89.53% felt that it will influence and improve the behavior of doctors, and 91.86% felt that it will finally lead to improvement of the patient-doctor relationship.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that “Professional Development including Ethics” incorporated in the foundation course, is a much-needed necessity for the students entering into the medical profession. The teaching of professionalism and ethics will definitely lead to more awareness of these values in our future doctors.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome– Our Experience
Authors: Kotaru V. V. Sravya , Naphade Pravin , Rohatgi Shalesh , Nirhale Satish , Rao Prajwal , Dave Dhaval , Khan Furqan Mohd. Akram , Gupta Sahil B.K. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an emergency medical condition with varied etiology, presentation and outcome reported in literature. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical and radiological presentations, and clinical outcomes in cases of PRES admitted over the last one year at a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively analysed all cases diagnosed with PRES from May 2019 to May 2020. We reviewed clinical presentations, etiological history, imaging characteristics, management and clinical outcomes.

Results:
Five patients diagnosed with PRES were identified. All patients were females, with age range between 16 to 32 years. Etiological factors were eclampsia (2/5), drug (tacrolimus), massive blood transfusion and chronic kidney disease with hypertension. Headache was the most common clinical presentation. Other clinical presentations were visual symptoms, seizures, altered sensorium, vertigo and vomiting. The most common imaging characteristic was supratentorial T2/FLAIR white matter hyperintensity on MRI, predominantly in parieto-occipital region. Other areas of white matter involvement were cerebellum and brainstem. One patient had hemorrhage complicating PRES. All patients were primarily managed by elimination and treatment of the precipitating factors, along with standard anti-oedema measures and anti-epileptic drugs. There was complete recovery in all patients within one week.

Conclusion:
PRES has variable clinical and radiological presentation. Early diagnosis and elimination of precipitating factors are vital for complete recovery.
Psychological Impact of Self-Quarantine on Malaysian Dental Students During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Siddiqui Fawaz Shamim , Qian Gan Ye 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Pandemics harm mental health by inducing stressors such as frustration, boredom, financial loss, self-isolation, fear of infection, and stigmatization. Students are vulnerable and at risk of ill effects of these stressors.

Aim:
The objective of this study was to determine the mental health status and associated social risk factors among dental students in Malaysia during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
This was an online cross-sectional study done using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 questionnaire. The study was carried among the undergraduate dental students in Malaysia, during the period of compulsory self-quarantine. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) and their median scores were computed and analyzed with sociodemographic factors using Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, odds ratio, and Chi-square test.

Results:
The prevalence of DAS was 33.5%, 28.7%, and 7.3%, respectively, with no gender differences. Depression increased with increasing age (P = 0.043) and year of study (P = 0.015). The prevalence of depression was the highest in the students of Indian ethnicity (44%; P = 0. 018). Students from public universities reported a higher prevalence of anxiety (34%; P = 0.019) and stress scores (P = 0.013). A family's financial crisis increased the risk of DAS (P < 0.05). Being quarantined with family increased the odds of anxiety by 2.8 times (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Students were found to be vulnerable to the negative psychological impact of self-quarantine as measured by their mental health status. The study also identified demographic and social risk factors contributing toward this vulnerability.
Histopathology of Gastroesophageal Lesions and its Correlation with Helicobacter pylori and Mucin Histochemistry
Authors: Gupta Anupama Praveen , Suryawanshi Udaysingh Dhanajirao , Kumbhalkar Dinkar T. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:

Helicobacter pylori infection and subsequent gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are postulated to increase incidence of gastroesophageal cancers. Hence, this study was carried out with objective to study histomorphology of gastroesophageal lesions and correlate with H. pylori and mucin histochemistry.

Materials and Methods:
This is an observational, prospective study on 120 gastroesophageal biopsies for identification of H. pylori and mucin histochemistry for type of metaplasia in addition to routine histopathology.

Results:
Of 120 gastroesophageal biopsies, 58 were esophageal and 62 gastric. Various esophageal lesions comprised of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia, and esophageal malignancies. H. pylori were detected in 1, 4, and 1 cases of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenosquamous carcinoma, respectively. IM was seen in 2 cases of Barrett's esophagus and one each of adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of esophagus. Gastric pathologies comprised of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, hyperplastic polyp, Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, adenocarcinoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. A study for H. pylori and mucin histochemistry revealed statistically significant association between H. pylori and gastric adenocarcinoma, chronic gastritis but not with gastric ulcer. 76.31% and 21.73% cases of adenocarcinoma and gastric nonneoplastic lesions showed IM with statistically significant association with gastric adenocarcinoma particularly intestinal type.

Conclusion:
Since there is significant role of H. pylori and gastroesophageal malignancies histopathology and early detection of the bacilli can help in timely treatment and prevention of gastroesophageal malignancy.
Nordic Symphony – Grieg at the cross-roads
Authors: Skyllstad Kjell 
Published: July 2021

In music historiography there appears the notion of a Europe musically divided between a central "universal" culture and a peripheral "national" orientation. 19th century composers of the Scandinavian and East European countries share the same fate of being marginalized as provincial representatives of "national" or "regional" cultures, in contrast to those that »spoke the language of "humanity" (Alfred Einstein). In Germany Edvard Grieg is stili derogatively regarded as Kleinkünstler, who was not able to produce large scale works in sonata form, which alone would qualify for the stature of a "universal" artist. What we now recognize as Norwegian or national in Grieg's works became carriers of such significance and interpretations only after the composer's death. The hermeneutic descriptive analysis and criticism in Germany (Hermann Kretzshmar) and Norway (Gerhard Schjelderup) narrowed the interpretation of his works.This was further ideologically encased by the upsurge of Norwegian nationalistic music culture in the late 20ties. When Grieg's only symphony was released for performance in 1981 it was stylistically considered as a transition to the "real" Grieg with reference to the elements pointing to a national idiom.The author pleads far a more open attitude in approaching the complex nature of Grieg's compositional career. Unbiased analyses of his large scale works, including the symphony, testify to an acute sense of formal structure, even when deviating from the normative requirements of the genre. The artistic legacy of Edvard Grieg, like that of many other composers of "peripheral" cultures, need to be examined at the triadic point of dynamic convergence between the national, regional and European, and between stylistic trends, sociocultural background and the development of musical communication.
Las etapas del Constitucionalismo en Guatemala
Authors: Vargas Salguero German Orlando 
Published: July 2021

Guatemala ha presenciado desde la declaración de independencia, distintas etapas que afectaron el Estado constitucional, desde el primer proyecto constitucional se evidencia una determinación por constituir un país acorde al Estado de Derecho y los valores máximos del constitucionalismo, libertad, igualdad y limitación del poder político; por el contrario, líderes políticos que en su momento impulsaron reformas constitucionales importantes enfocadas en los ideales de la democracia y respeto de los derechos humanos, no tuvieron el continuo apego de otros jefes de gobierno respecto a la consolidación de estos ideales modernos.
En la época del constitucionalismo liberal guatemalteco, se intentó concretizar una estructura política divisional de contrapesos con el fin de erradicar la concentración del poder, a través de ciertas bases constitucionales que buscaban alcanzar su vinculación y aplicación dentro del esquema de gobierno, mismos que fueron desvirtuados por líderes políticos que buscaron intereses propios.