bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus mineralization affected by urea in an intensively managed agricultural soil
Authors: Ning Jianfeng , Arenberg Mary , Arai Yuji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA mineralizable P fractionin soils has not been considered in the current agronomic soil P test. Organic P might be a potential source of bioavailable P under the influence of specific soil conditions such as N input. In this laboratory incubation study, the effects of urea (0.1–0.3 g N kg–1 soil) on P mineralization was investigated in an intensively managed agricultural soil using chemical extractions, phosphatase activity analysis, and solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). All urea application rates stimulated P release and P mineralization after 5 d, and bioavailable P increased for up to 40 d. The result of NMR analysis and phosphatase activity supported a shift from organic P to orthophosphate. Urea applications generally increased labile P from ∼5 to ∼24 μg g–1. However, acidity generated from the oxidation of NH4+ under the highest urea treatment (0.3 g of N kg–1 soil) suppressed P mineralization, indicating the degree of urea application rate is sensitive to P mineralization. The results suggested the use of urea could enhance P bioavailability in P‐rich agricultural soils. Tapping into reusable organic P resources in soils might be one of the practical and conservative approaches in the current agriculture.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Chemical Recycling of Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) Applying Transesterification Reactions
Authors: Cheung Even , Alberti Christoph , Bycinskij Sergej , Enthaler Stephan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe chemical recycling of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) was explored based on depolymerization and polymerization. The concept bases on the zinc‐catalyzed depolymerization via methanolysis to produce methyl 6‐hydroxyhexanoate, which is polymerized in a zinc‐catalyzed condensation reaction to generate new PCL and close the cycle. In more detail, with zinc(II) acetate as catalyst, PCL was depolymerized with turnover frequencies of up to 468 h−1 using microwave heating. On the other hand zinc(II) acetate was also able to catalyze the polymer formation using the monomer methyl 6‐hydroxyhexanoate. PCL was obtained in good yield and Mn ∼1729 g/mol and Mw ∼5823 g/mol were achieved.
Can Superhalogen Ligand Make More Reactive Frustrated Lewis Pairs?
Authors: Parida Rakesh , Inostroza Rivera Ricardo , Sinha Swapan , Giri Santanab 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNew Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) are designed and are attempted to activate molecular hydrogen. The new FLPs are modeled by changing the ligands in the Lewis acid (LA) part of the TPFPB (Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane) molecule. The modifications are done by replacing the phenyl group in TPFPB with three different aromatic heterocyclic ligands. The stability and reactivity of FLPs: [(C2BNSHF2)]3B−P(tBu)3, [(C2BNSF3)]3B−P(tBu)3 and [C2BNO(CN)3]3B−P(tBu)3 is analysed in terms of the dual descriptors, NBO/Hirshfeld charges, VDE, hardness (η) and electrophilicity (ω). Although all three modeled FLPs show their capability towards activating molecular hydrogen, the [C2BNO(CN)3]3B−P(tBu)3 shows better performance than the conventionally used FLP: (C6F5)3B−P(tBu)3.
Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of 1,6‐Bis‐triazole‐Linked α‐Galactoside Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Chaidam Suksamran , Saehlim Natthiya , Suksen Kanoknetr , Chairoungdua Arthit , Saeeng Rungnapha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA series of novel 1,6‐bis‐triazole‐linked α‐galactoside derivatives (5 a–5 bb) were designed and synthesized in high yields through O‐Glycosylation and click chemistry. All analogues were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against nine cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity results demonstrate that compounds 5 o and 5 bb showed significant cytotoxic activities against leukemia (P‐388, IC50=4.45 μM) and cholangiocarcinoma (K‐100, IC50=4.87 μM) cancer cells. Molecular docking studies of active compounds displayed good binding energies towards both CDK‐2 and EGFR proteins, correlated with their in vitro results.
Assembly of Cobalt Layered Double Hydroxide on Cuprous Phosphide Nanowire with Strong Built‐In Potential for Accelerated Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Xu Xiao , Cao Aihui , You Weifeng , Tao Zhijie , Kang Longtian , Liu Jingjing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeterostructure plays an important role in boosting the overall water splitting (OWS) performance of nonprecious metal electrocatalysts. However, rational design and synthesis of semiconductor heterojunctions especially for Cu‐based ones as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) still face challenges, and the in‐depth study of catalytic mechanisms is urgently needed. Herein, n‐type cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheets are assembled on p‐type cuprous phosphide nanowire to form p‐n junction. This heterostructure with a strong built‐in potential (EBI) of 1.78 V provides enlarged electrochemical active surface area, enhanced active site, facilitated electron separation and transfer, and accelerated formation of superoxide radical. As expected, the heterogeneous electrocatalyst exhibits significantly improved activities for OWS, achieving an overpotential of 111 mV for HER and 221 mV for OER and an applied voltage of 1.575 V for OWS at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH. Moreover, the overpotentials are further decreased under visible light irradiation. This work represents a new insight into Cu‐based catalysts toward OWS and an approach based on EBI to design semiconductor heterostructure promising for renewable energy applications.
Behind closed doors: Are sonographers coping? A nation‐wide survey investigating the emotional well‐being of sonographers working for private organisations within Australia
Authors: Cohen Catherine , Childs Jessie , Maranna Sandhya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionSonographers working for private practices within Australia face a myriad of emotionally challenging situations on a daily basis, potentially reducing their sense of well‐being. With limited literature currently available, this research aimed to report the current emotional well‐being of sonographers working in private practice within Australia.MethodsEighty‐one eligible participants responded to a nation‐wide survey that gathered both quantitative and qualitative data for analysis.Participants working in private practice were feeling the toll of workplace stress with 48.1% (n = 39) reporting they sometimes felt supported by colleagues or superiors and 45.7% (n = 37) reporting they sometimes felt their work was appreciated. A further 39.5% (n = 32) of participants stated they thought about leaving their current role at least a few times per month. Non‐supportive working environments, unrealistic performance expectations and managing patient related factors were reported as the key causes of workplace stress. The key strategies suggested by participants to overcome these emotionally challenging situations included: updating workplace protocols, autonomy for time management, a supportive working environment, support from referring doctors and Medicare and introducing well‐being programmes for sonographers.ConclusionAustralian private practice sonographers are experiencing workplace stress and provided valid suggestions for potential causes of and strategies to overcome workplace stress.
An empirical study of Linespots: A novel past‐fault algorithm
Authors: Scholz Maximilian , Torkar Richard 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis paper proposes the novel past‐faults fault prediction algorithm Linespots, based on the Bugspots algorithm. We analyse the predictive performance and runtime of Linespots compared with Bugspots with an empirical study using the most significant self‐built dataset as of now, including high‐quality samples for validation. As a novelty in fault prediction, we use Bayesian data analysis and Directed Acyclic Graphs to model the effects. We found consistent improvements in the predictive performance of Linespots over Bugspots for all seven evaluation metrics. We conclude that Linespots should be used over Bugspots in all cases where no real‐time performance is necessary.
Seismic behavior of superimposed reinforced concrete shear walls with X‐shaped steel plate bracings under different axial load ratios
Authors: Wang Mengfu , Guo Shengqi 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIn order to improve the seismic performance of traditional superimposed reinforced concrete shear walls, a kind of superimposed reinforced concrete shear wall with X‐shaped steel plate bracings (labeled as SRCXSW) was proposed in this paper. And seismic behaviors of three 1/2‐scale shear walls including two SRCXSWs with different axial load ratios (ALRs) and one cast‐in‐place reinforced concrete shear wall with X‐shaped steel plate bracings (labeled as CRCXSW) were investigated by the quasi‐static loading test. Experimental results indicated that SRCXSW and CRCXSW with the same ALR exhibited the similar seismic behaviors, different ALRs applied in SRCXSW greatly affected the seismic behaviors in terms of load‐bearing capacity, deformation, lateral stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity and slightly affected the failure mode and cooperative mechanism between the precast and cast‐in‐place concrete layers. In particular, a high ALR applied on SRCXSW had little effect on the stiffness degradation before yielding, but accelerated the post‐yield stiffness degradation. Then, based on the discussion conclusion about the contribution of three mechanisms to the load‐bearing capacity varying with aspect ratio, a modified strut‐and‐tie model for predicting the maximum strength of specimens was proposed, and good predictive ability under different ALRs was verified by experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) results. Besides, FEA based on OpenSees was implemented to further investigate the effect of critical parameters, FEA results showed that ALR and longitudinal reinforcement ratio in boundary element had a significant influence on the load‐bearing capacity and deformation capacity of SRCXSW. And a higher volumetric ratio of X‐shaped steel plate bracings and longitudinal reinforcement ratio in boundary element led to a greater load‐bearing capacity but their contribution decrease with the increase of ALR.
Comparing the clinical presentation and outcomes of dogs receiving medical or surgical treatment for osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy
Authors: Poad Lydia , Smith Megan , De Decker Steven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground: This study aimed to compare the clinical presentation, short and long term outcomes of dogs treated surgically or medically for Osseous associated cervical spondylomyelopathy.Methods: Information collected retrospectively from medical records included signalment, neurological status and treatment type. Surgical treatment consisted of dorsal laminectomy. Medical treatment involved restricted exercise and medication. Improvement or deterioration in neurological status was determined at discharge, re‐examination 4–8 weeks post‐treatment and by telephone interview with the referring veterinary surgeon or owner at the time of the study, which ranged from 8–54 months following the discharge (median, 16 months).Results: Twenty‐four dogs were treated surgically and 30 medically. Neurological grade at clinical presentation was significantly higher in surgically treated dogs (p = 0.004). Transient early postoperative neurological deterioration occurred in 73.1% of surgically treated dogs. For medical cases, long term improvement was seen in 15% of cases, remained static in 40% and deterioration in 45%. Surgical treatment resulted in long term improvement in 67% of cases, remained static in 29% and deterioration in 4% of cases.Conclusion: This study suggests that surgery is a favourable treatment option, however, requires intensive post‐operative care. Medical treatment was associated with a guarded prognosis but could be a viable treatment option for selected dogs.
Luminescent nanostructures for the detection of latent fingermarks: A review
Authors: Shahbazi Sorour , Becker Thomas , Jia Guohua , Lewis Simon W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMulticolored, multipatterned, and luminescent substrates remain significant challenges for successful detection of latent fingermarks. One effective way to overcome issues with these substrates when visualizing latent fingermarks is the elimination of any background interference through the use of approaches based on luminescence. Luminescent nanoparticles with their unique characteristics including tunable size, high surface energy, and capability of being surface engineered, have sparked great interest in their potential to be utilized for the detection of latent fingermarks on these challenging substrates. These nanoparticles can be inherently luminescent, engineered to luminesce, possibly over specific wavelength ranges, or combined with luminescent agents. This article discusses the reported luminescence‐based nanotechnology applied for enhanced visualization of latent fingermarks to cast light on future possibilities.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Fingermarks and Other Marks
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Emerging Technologies and Methods
Shedding light on dark matter with recent muon (g − 2) and Higgs exotic decay measurements
Authors: Lu Chih-Ting , Ramos Raymundo , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recently, we have witnessed two hints of physics beyond the standard model: a 3.3σ local excess ($$ {M}_{A_0} $$

M

A
0

= 52 GeV) in the search for H0 → A0A0 → b$$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

μ+μ− and a 4.2σ deviation from the SM prediction in the (g − 2)μ measurement. The first excess was found by the ATLAS collaboration using 139 fb−1 data at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13 TeV. The second deviation is a combination of the results from the Brookhaven E821 and the recently reported Fermilab E989 experiment. We attempt to explain these deviations in terms of a renormalizable simplified dark matter model. Inspired by the null signal result from dark matter (DM) direct detection, we interpret the possible new particle, A0, as a pseudoscalar mediator connecting DM and the standard model. On the other hand, a new vector-like muon lepton can explain these two excesses at the same time while contributing to the DM phenomenology.
Anomaly detection with convolutional Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Atkinson Oliver , Bhardwaj Akanksha , Englert Christoph , Ngairangbam Vishal S. , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We devise an autoencoder based strategy to facilitate anomaly detection for boosted jets, employing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to do so. To overcome known limitations of GNN autoencoders, we design a symmetric decoder capable of simultaneously reconstructing edge features and node features. Focusing on latent space based discriminators, we find that such setups provide a promising avenue to isolate new physics and competing SM signatures from sensitivity-limiting QCD jet contributions. We demonstrate the flexibility and broad applicability of this approach using examples of W bosons, top quarks, and exotic hadronically-decaying exotic scalar bosons.
Kaluza-Klein from colour-kinematics duality for massive fields
Authors: Momeni Arshia , Rumbutis Justinas , Tolley Andrew J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We consider a broad class of massive four dimensional effective theories describing an infinite tower of charged massive spin 1 states, interacting with massless spin 1 and spin 0. The spectrum is chosen to be the same as that appears in the Kaluza-Klein theory reduction of 5d Yang-Mills to ensure the absence of any spurious poles in a possible double copy formulation. The effective theories are characterized by multiple different couplings between different fields which are unconstrained by symmetries and low energy criteria. Remarkably, by demanding that the scattering amplitudes preserve colour-kinematics duality for different scattering processes, required for the existence of a massive double copy, we find that our 4d Lagrangian is fixed uniquely to the Kaluza-Klein compactification of 5d Yang-Mills theory together with its known double copy consistent higher derivative operators.
Is the EMI model a QFT? An inquiry on the space of allowed entropy functions
Authors: Agón César A. , Bueno Pablo , Casini Horacio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The mutual information I(A, B) of pairs of spatially separated regions satisfies, for any d-dimensional CFT, a set of structural physical properties such as positivity, monotonicity, clustering, or Poincaré invariance, among others. If one imposes the extra requirement that I(A, B) is extensive as a function of its arguments (so that the tripartite information vanishes for any set of regions, I3(A, B, C ) ≡ 0), a closed geometric formula involving integrals over ∂A and ∂B can be obtained. We explore whether this “Extensive Mutual Information” model (EMI), which in fact describes a free fermion in d = 2, may similarly correspond to an actual CFT in general dimensions. Using the long-distance behavior of IEMI(A, B) we show that, if it did, it would necessarily include a free fermion, but also that additional operators would have to be present in the model. Remarkably, we find that IEMI(A, B) for two arbitrarily boosted spheres in general d exactly matches the result for the free fermion current conformal block $$ {G}_{\Delta =\left(d-1\right),J=1}^d $$

G

∆
=

d
−
1

,
J
=
1

d

. On the other hand, a detailed analysis of the subleading contribution in the long-distance regime rules out the possibility that the EMI formula represents the mutual information of any actual CFT or even any limit of CFTs. These results make manifest the incompleteness of the set of known constraints required to describe the space of allowed entropy functions in QFT.
Exceptional complex structures and the hypermultiplet moduli of 5d Minkowski compactifications of M-theory
Authors: Tennyson David , Waldram Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present a detailed study of a new mathematical object in E6(6)ℝ+ generalised geometry called an ‘exceptional complex structure’ (ECS). It is the extension of a conventional complex structure to one that includes all the degrees of freedom of M-theory or type IIB supergravity in six or five dimensions, and as such characterises, in part, the geometry of generic supersymmetric compactifications to five-dimensional Minkowkski space. We define an ECS as an integrable U*(6) × ℝ+ structure and show it is equivalent to a particular form of involutive subbundle of the complexified generalised tangent bundle L1 ⊂ Eℂ. We also define a refinement, an SU*(6) structure, and show that its integrability requires in addition a vanishing moment map on the space of structures. We are able to classify all possible ECSs, showing that they are characterised by two numbers denoted ‘type’ and ‘class’. We then use the deformation theory of ECS to find the moduli of any SU*(6) structure. We relate these structures to the geometry of generic minimally supersymmetric flux backgrounds of M-theory of the form ℝ4,1 × M, where the SU*(6) moduli correspond to the hypermultiplet moduli in the lower-dimensional theory. Such geometries are of class zero or one. The former are equivalent to a choice of (non-metric-compatible) conventional SL(3, ℂ) structure and strikingly have the same space of hypermultiplet moduli as the fluxless Calabi-Yau case.
Bubble wall velocity at strong coupling
Authors: Bigazzi Francesco , Caddeo Alessio , Canneti Tommaso , Cotrone Aldo L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Using the holographic correspondence as a tool, we determine the steady-state velocity of expanding vacuum bubbles nucleated within chiral finite temperature first-order phase transitions occurring in strongly coupled large N QCD-like models. We provide general formulae for the friction force exerted by the plasma on the bubbles and for the steady-state velocity. In the top-down holographic description, the phase transitions are related to changes in the embedding of $$ Dq\hbox{-} \overline{D}q $$
Dq
‐

D
¯

q
flavor branes probing the black hole background sourced by a stack of N Dp-branes. We first consider the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto $$ D4\hbox{-} D8\hbox{-} \overline{D}8 $$
D
4
‐
D
8
‐

D
¯

8
setup, compute the friction force and deduce the equilibrium velocity. Then we extend our analysis to more general setups and to different dimensions. Finally, we briefly compare our results, obtained within a fully non-perturbative framework, to other estimates of the bubble velocity in the literature.
Transcriptional enhancers and their communication with gene promoters
Authors: Ray-Jones Helen , Spivakov Mikhail 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTranscriptional enhancers play a key role in the initiation and maintenance of gene expression programmes, particularly in metazoa. How these elements control their target genes in the right place and time is one of the most pertinent questions in functional genomics, with wide implications for most areas of biology. Here, we synthesise classic and recent evidence on the regulatory logic of enhancers, including the principles of enhancer organisation, factors that facilitate and delimit enhancer–promoter communication, and the joint effects of multiple enhancers. We show how modern approaches building on classic insights have begun to unravel the complexity of enhancer–promoter relationships, paving the way towards a quantitative understanding of gene control.
Incongruences between nuclear and plastid phylogenies challenge the identification of correlates of diversification in Gentiana in the European Alpine System
Authors: Favre Adrien , Paule Juraj , Ebersbach Jana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMountains are reservoirs for a tremendous biodiversity which was fostered by a suite of factors acting in concert throughout evolutionary times. These factors can be climatic, geological, or biotic, but the way they combine through time to generate diversity remains unknown. Here, we investigate these factors as correlates of diversification of three closely related sections ofGentianain the European Alpine System. Based upon phylogenetic approaches coupled with divergence dating and ancestral state reconstructions, we attempted to identify the role of bedrock preferences, chromosome numbers coupled with relative genome sizes estimates, as well as morphological features through time. We also investigated extant climatic preferences using a heavily curated set of occurrence records individually selected for superior precision, and quantified rates of climatic niche evolution in each section. We found that a number of phylogenetic incongruences derail the identification of correlates of diversification, yet a number of patterns persist regardless of the topology considered. All the studied correlates are likely to have contributed to the diversification ofGentianain Europe, however, their respective importance varied through time and across clades. Chromosomal variation and divergence of climatic preferences appear to correlate with diversification throughout the evolution of EuropeanGentiana(Oligocene to present), whereas shifts in bedrock preferences appear to have been more defining during recent diversification (Pliocene). Overall, a complex interaction among climatic, geological and biotic attributes appear to have supported the diversification ofGentianaacross the mountains of Europe, which based upon phylogenetic as well as other evidence, was probably also bolstered by hybridization.