bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspiration pneumonia in head and neck cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiation from India: Findings from a post hoc analysis of a phase 3 study
Authors: Patil Vijay , Noronha Vanita , Shrirangwar Sameer , Menon Nandini , Abraham George , Chandrasekharan Arun , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data from low‐ to middle‐income countries (LMIC) on the incidence, risk factors, treatment outcomes, and antibiotic susceptibility spectrum of aspiration pneumonia (AsP).MethodsWe conducted a post hoc analysis of a randomized control trial in which adult patients with locally advanced head and neck cancers had received 66–70 Gy of radiation combined with cisplatin 30 mg/m2weekly for 6–7 weeks or cisplatin at the same dose with nimotuzumab 200 mg once weekly till the completion of radiation. The following data were extracted and analyzed—the incidence of AsP, time to the onset of AsP, risk factors, treatment outcomes of AsP, and its impact on progression‐free survival (PFS), locoregional control (LRC) rates, and overall survival (OS).ResultsOut of 536 patients enrolled in the study, 151 (28.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 24.5–2.1) patients developed AsP. The median time to develop AsP was 39 days (95% CI 34–44). Only baseline dysphagia (odds ratio = 3.76, 95% CI 1.05–13.51,p = 0.042) was associated with a significant risk of development of AsP. Among the patients in which pathogenic organism was isolated (69 patients), gram‐negative species was isolated in 63 patients (89%). Cisplatin at 200 mg/m2or more was delivered in 312 (81%) patients in the non‐AsP cohort versus 107 (70.9%) patients in AsP cohort (p = 0.014). There was no statistical difference in LRC (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.057; 95% CI 0.771–1.448), PFS (HR = 1.176; 95% CI 0.89–1.553), and OS (HR = 1.233; 95% CI 0.939–1.618) between the two cohorts.ConclusionAspiration pneumonia is a common complication in head and neck malignancies and patients with baseline dysphagia are at high risk. Gram‐negative bacteria are the predominant causative agents. The use of broad‐spectrum antibiotics results in resolution of symptoms.
Effects of indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO) silencing on immunomodulatory function and cancer‐promoting characteristic of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs)
Authors: Heidari Fahimeh , Razmkhah Mahboobeh , Razban Vahid , Erfani Nasrollah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIndoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO) catabolizes tryptophan, mediates immunomodulatory functions, and is released by stromal cells such as mesenchymal stem cells. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of IDO silencing on immunosuppressive function of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), T cells phenotype, and the proliferation/migration of tumor cells. ASCs isolated from adipose tissues of healthy women were transfected with IDO‐siRNA. Galectin‐3, transforming growth factor‐β1, hepatocyte growth factor, and interleukin‐10 as immunomodulators were measured in ASCs using qRT‐PCR. T cells phenotype, interferon‐γ, and interleukin‐17 expression were evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) cocultured with IDO silenced‐ASCs by flow cytometry and qRT‐PCR, respectively. Scratch assay was applied to assess the proliferation/migration of MDA‐MB‐231 cell line. Galectin‐3 was upregulated (p ˂ 0.05) while hepatocyte growth factor was downregulated (p ˂ 0.05) in IDO‐silenced ASCs compared to control groups. Regulatory T cells were inhibited in PBLs cocultured with IDO‐silenced ASCs; also T helper2 was decreased in PBLs cocultured with IDO‐silenced ASCs relative to the scramble group. IDO‐silenced ASCs caused interferon‐γ overexpression but interleukin‐17 downregulation in PBLs. The proliferation/migration of MDA‐MB‐231 was suppressed after exposing to condition media of IDO‐silenced ASCs compared with condition media of untransfected (p < 0.01) and scramble‐transfected ASCs (p < 0.05). The results exhibited the weakened capacity of IDO‐silenced ASCs for suppressing the immune cells and promoting the tumor cells' proliferation/migration. IDO suppression may be utilized as a strategy for cancer treatment. Simultaneous blocking of immunomodulators along with IDO inhibitors may show more effects on boosting the efficiency of immune‐based cancer therapies.
Traumatic experiences among individuals with severe mental illnesses on probation
Authors: Givens Ashley , Cuddeback Gary S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe large and growing number of individuals with severe mental illnesses who are on probation presents challenges to both mental health and criminal justice authorities. The clinical and mental health service needs of probationers with severe mental illnesses have however, been insufficiently researched, particularly with respect to trauma and the need for trauma‐informed services.AimsTo explore the lifetime prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among people on probation who also have other serious mental illnesses and their demographic characteristics.MethodsIndividuals on probation in six counties in one southeastern state who had been diagnosed with severe mental illnesses were assessed for PTSD; they were also asked whether they had experienced any of 14 traumatic events of interest over their lifetimes.ResultsOf 207 participants, about half had clinically diagnosable PTSD. Nearly two‐thirds had experienced more than five traumatic events during their lifetimes: 86% experienced at least one non‐interpersonal traumatic event, such as a car accident, and 90% experienced at least one interpersonal traumatic event, such as a physical assault. The latter was the single most frequently reported traumatic event (80%, n = 160). PTSD was, on average, associated with a higher number of prior traumatic experiences overall.ConclusionsIn one state in the USA, rates of trauma experiences and PTSD among probationers with other mental illnesses are high. Relative to prisoners, little is known about the mental health needs among probationers, so replication in a larger sample across jurisdictions would be useful. Findings are likely to have implications for form of service delivery as well as treatment needs.
Efficient Cleaning and Heat Recovery of Flue Gas from a Small‐Scale Boiler
Authors: Darbandi Tayebeh , Risberg Mikael , Westerlund Lars 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSmall‐scale biomass boilers contribute to the emission of particulate matter (PM) to the environment. In this study, the performance of a wet‐scrubber purification system for flue gas was experimentally investigated. The experimental setup consisted of a boiler, a wet scrubber, a generator, and heat exchangers. The results showed an average PM collection efficiency of ca. 42 % for a PM size range of 0.08–10 µm over a testing period of five months. Furthermore, the results showed an improvement in the heat recovery of about 18 %. Focusing only on the heat losses through exhaust flue gases, the losses were shown to have decreased by 72 %. During the total testing period of 8.5 months, no decrease could be noticed in the absorption solution ability.
n‐Butane, iso‐Butane and 1‐Butene Adsorption on Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids Studied with Molecular Beam Techniques
Authors: Winter Leonhard , Bhuin Radha G. , Maier Florian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe interaction of molecules, especially hydrocarbons, at the gas/ionic liquid (IL) surface plays a crucial role in supported IL catalysis. The dynamics of this process is investigated by measuring the trapping probabilities of n‐butane, iso‐butane and 1‐butene on a set of frozen 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium‐based ILs [CnC1Im]X, where n=4, 8 and X−=Cl−, Br−, [PF6]− and [Tf2N]−. The decrease of the initial trapping probability with increasing surface temperature is used to determine the desorption energy of the hydrocarbons at the IL surfaces. It increases with increasing alkyl chain length n and decreasing anion size for the ILs studied. We attribute these effects to different degrees of alkyl chain surface enrichment, while interactions between the adsorbate and the anion do not play a significant role. The adsorption energy also depends on the adsorbing molecule: It decreases in the order n‐butane>1‐butene>iso‐butane, which can be explained by different dispersion interactions.
Further contributions to the dynamics of a freely rotating elliptical particle in shear flow
Authors: Ding Zhizhong , Tiwari Shashank S. , Zhang Chenguang , Tyagi Mayank , Kong Bo , Nandakumar Krishnaswamy , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the dynamic response of a neutrally buoyant elliptical cylinder is investigated for a two‐dimensional shear flow over a wide range of aspect ratios ( where, and are the major and minor axis radii, respectively). Parametric studies were carried out for confinement ratios () that vary the distance between the particle and the domain walls (H) for shear‐rate (G) based Reynolds number The simulations were performed using the signed distance field‐immersed boundary method (SDFIBM) algorithm implemented in OpenFOAM. The motion of the particle is limited to free rotation about the axis through the centroid without any translational freedom. This work demonstrates and affirms two distinct responses of the elliptical particle in shear flow: (1) a periodical rotating stage that exhibits a relaxation type of response and (2) a spontaneously locked stationary stage, where the net torque becomes zero. A critical Reynolds number () demarcates the transition between these two stages, and it depends on aspect ratio and confinement ratio. The prediction of was found to be in excellent agreement with the experimentally reported data in the literature, validating the SDFIBM for particles subjected to shear flows.
Setting a benchmark for resource utilization and quality of care in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation in Europe—Rationale and design of the international BENCHMARK registry
Authors: McCalmont Gemma , Durand Eric , Lauck Sandra , Muir Douglas F. , Spence Mark S. , Vasa‐Nicotera Mariuca , Wood David , Saia Francesco , Chatel Nicolas , Lüske Claudia M. , Kurucova Jana , Bramlage Peter , Frank Derk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for treating aortic stenosis (AS) has increased exponentially in recent years. Despite the availability of clinical practice guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease, disparities in quality of care (QoC) for TAVI patients remain widespread across Europe. Tailored QoC measures will help to reduce resource utilization and improve patient outcomes without compromising patient safety. Using a clear set of QoC measures, the BENCHMARK registry aims to document the progress that can be achieved if such tailored QoC measures are implemented.MethodsThe BENCHMARK registry (BENCHMARK) is a non‐interventional, multicenter registry in patients with severe symptomatic AS undergoing TAVI with a 1‐ and 12‐months follow‐up. BENCHMARK will be conducted at 30 centers across Europe and will enroll a total of 2400 consecutive TAVI patients. Patients suffering from severe symptomatic AS who undergo TAVI with a balloon‐expandable transcatheter aortic valve will be included. The registry will comprise four phases: (1) a retrospective baseline evaluation phase; (2) an education phase; (3) an implementation phase; and (4) a prospective effect documentation phase (prospective phase). The registry's primary objectives are to reduce the length of hospital stay and accelerate the post‐procedural patient recovery pathway, but without compromising safety. The study started in April 2021 and has an estimated completion date of May 2023.DiscussionBENCHMARK will establish QoC measures to reduce resource utilization, intensive care unit bed occupancy, and overall length of hospitalization with uncompromised patient safety post‐TAVI (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04579445).
Intersectionality and cancer survivorship: Sexual orientation and racial/ethnic differences in physical and mental health outcomes among female and male cancer survivors
Authors: Boehmer Ulrike , Jesdale Bill M. , Streed Carl G. , Agénor Madina 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundBecause of concerns about sexual minorities' poor cancer survivorship, this study compared cancer survivors' health outcomes in relation to multiple intersecting social positions, namely gender, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity.MethodsThis secondary data analysis used 2014‐2019 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data. The survey respondents consisted of 40,482 heterosexual and sexual minority men and 69,302 heterosexual and sexual minority women who identified as White, Black, or Hispanic. Logistic regression models compared White, Black, and Hispanic male and female cancer survivors' health status, depression, and health‐related quality of life by sexual orientation. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and access to care.ResultsMental health findings showed consistency, with sexual minority male and female cancer survivors having 2 to 3 times greater odds of depression and/or poor mental health among White, Black, and Hispanic survivors. Among White women, sexual minorities reported greater odds of fair or poor health, poor physical health, and poor activity days, whereas White sexual minority men showed similar odds in comparison with their heterosexual counterparts. Among Black and Hispanic sexual minority men and women, differences in the odds of fair or poor health, poor physical health, and poor activity days in comparison with their heterosexual counterparts were mostly explained by sociodemographic and access‐to‐care factors.ConclusionsPhysical and mental health outcomes vary in relation to sexual orientation and race/ethnicity among both female and male cancer survivors. Clinicians, researchers, and health care administrators must better understand and address the unique needs of cancer survivors in relation to multiple axes of social inequality to advance cancer equity.
A Bioreductive Protecting Group for RNA Synthesis
Authors: Saneyoshi Hisao , Nakamura Kodai , Terasawa Kazuma , Ono Akira 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis protocol describes a method for the preparation of ribonucleoside phosphoramidite bearing a bioreductive protecting group on the 2′‐OH group and its application in the synthesis of bioreduction‐responsive oligonucleotides. The protecting group used in this method consists of the modified 4‐nitrobenzyl skeleton, which has gem‐dimethyl groups at benzylic positions to enable deprotection under physiological conditions. Applying the synthesized ribonucleoside phosphoramidite to solid‐phase synthesis of oligonucleotides, a 2′‐O‐protected oligonucleotide was obtained without any undesirable cleavages under standard oligonucleotide synthesis conditions. The 2′‐O‐protected oligonucleotide was then treated with a combination of nitroreductase (Escherichia coli) and NADH as a bioreduction system for cleavage of the 2′‐O‐protecting group. After reduction of the nitro group, the protecting group was deprotected in a time‐dependent manner. Thus, this protection technology is a potential new tool for production of reduction‐responsive RNA‐based materials that can be used in life and medical sciences. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of ribonucleoside phosphoramidite bearing a bioreductive protecting groupBasic Protocol 2: Synthesis of 2′‐O‐protected oligonucleotides and their deprotection properties under bioreduction
In vitro mineral apposition analysis of two Colombian plant extracts on Amelogenesis imperfecta teeth
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Prieto Sandra J. , Sequeda‐Castañeda Luis G. , Penedo‐Jaramillo Gabriela M. , Chacín‐Nieto Andrea V. , Contreras‐Cáceres Daniel R. , Moreno‐Abello Gloria C. , Galvis‐Rincón María P. , Gamboa‐Jaimes Fredy O. , Luengas‐Caicedo Pilar E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if native Colombian Piper marginatum Jacq. and Ilex guayusa Loes plant extracts have a remineralizing effect on teeth with Amelogenesis imperfecta in comparison with the commercial products Clinpro‐3M and Recaldent™.Material and MethodsAn in vitro study was carried out with 128 human teeth slices (64 healthy and 64 with Amelogenesis imperfecta) on which an initial Raman spectroscopy was performed followed by Raman spectroscopies at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h to determine possible remineralization by observing mineral increase or decrease as a result of P. marginatum Jacq. and I. guayusa Loes extract application in comparison to control substance (Clinpro and Recaldent™) application. Obtained data were analyzed using a bivariate method with a t unidirectional test. Significant differences among groups were determined by an ANOVA with Dunnett post hoc tests.ResultsNative I. guayusa Loes and P. marginatum Jacq. Colombian plants extracts exhibited phosphate and orthophosphate mineral apposition, where P. marginatum Jacq. presented better results.ConclusionsNative Colombian I. guayusa Loes and P. marginatum Jacq plant extract might in the future be useful for dental tissue remineralization, as they induced phosphate and orthophosphate mineral apposition, main components of tooth enamel. These types of natural compounds can become an alternative to fluorine, whose ingestion is harmful to the human body.
Clustered Routing Method in the Internet of Things Using a Moth‐Flame Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Sadrishojaei Mahyar , Jafari Navimipour Nima , Reshadi Midia , Hosseinzadeh Mehdi 
Published: September 2021

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) is a set of interrelated devices on the Internet platform that can receive and send data to make human life more efficient and convenient. Clustering is a useful data collection method in the IoT that selectively cuts energy consumption by forming IoT nodes into some clusters. The cluster head can control all cluster nodes, and all intracluster and intercluster connections are made through it. Due to the NP‐Hard nature of the clustering problem, a moth‐flame optimization algorithm is proposed to select the minimum number of necessary clusters for routing in this article. This scheme is extracted from the life cycle of moths and enables effective communication by creating the optimal number of clusters. The proposed fitness function consists of the sum of the distances, the amount of energy remaining, and the degree of the nodes. The obtained experimental results are compared to different clustering algorithms, such as whale optimization algorithm, novel chemical reaction optimization, and cuckoo search optimization. The simulation using MATLAB clearly showed that the proposed method has a low number of cluster head nodes and the most balanced clusters. It also improves lifetime by at least 14.59% compared to the mentioned techniques.
An electrically small inverted L‐shaped asymmetric coplanar strip‐fed antenna with split‐ring resonator for multiband applications
Authors: Rengasamy Rajkumar , RajeshKumar Venkatesan , Phani Kumar Kanaparthi V. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn this paper, an electrically small inverted L‐shaped asymmetric coplanar strip‐fed antenna with a split‐ring resonator structure is proposed for multiband applications. It possesses an extended monopole antenna and a rectangular split‐ring resonator (RSRR) structure. A monopole is responsible for generating the first and last resonance frequencies. Similarly, the RSRR structure produces center frequency (5.5 GHz) among three resonance frequency bands and improves impedance matching at a higher frequency. The antenna has an electrical size of 0.176 λ0 × 0.096 λ0 × 0.012 λ0. The proposed antenna has a triband resonance response at 2.45, 5.5, and 7.5 GHz with a bandwidth of 560 MHz, 680 MHz, and 3 GHz, respectively, which covers WiBro (2.3 GHz), WLAN (2.4/5.2 GHz), WiMAX (2.5/5.5 GHz), X‐band downlink (7.4 GHz), and ITU band (8.5 GHz). The antenna design is simulated and validated with measured results and has better radiation characteristics in all the required frequency bands. The presence of metamaterial property in the proposed RSRR is analyzed. The design is an electrically small antenna, and it has a radian sphere (ka) = 0.64. Further, the proposed antenna performances are compared with the various existing literature.
Impact of maternal hyperglycemia on cardiac development: Insights from animal models
Authors: Choudhury Talita Z. , Majumdar Uddalak , Basu Madhumita , Garg Vidu 
Published: September 2021

SummaryCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of birth defect‐related death in infants and is a global pediatric health concern. While the genetic causes of CHD have become increasingly recognized with advances in genome sequencing technologies, the etiology for the majority of cases of CHD is unknown. The maternal environment during embryogenesis has a profound impact on cardiac development, and numerous environmental factors are associated with an elevated risk of CHD. Maternal diabetes mellitus (matDM) is associated with up to a fivefold increased risk of having an infant with CHD. The rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus has led to a growing interest in the use of experimental diabetic models to elucidate mechanisms underlying this associated risk for CHD. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of rodent models that are being used to investigate alterations in cardiac developmental pathways when exposed to a maternal diabetic setting and to summarize the key findings from these models. The majority of studies in the field have utilized the chemically induced model of matDM, but recent advances have also been made using diet based and genetic models. Each model provides an opportunity to investigate unique aspects of matDM and is invaluable for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying matDM‐associated CHD.