bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Mass on a Damped Elastically Supported Beam
Authors: Hoppmann W. H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper a study is made of the problem of the central impact of a mass on a simply supported beam on an elastic foundation with considerations of internal and external damping. The differential equation for the forced vibration of the beam is developed. It is solved for the case in which the force is a function of time and is concentrated at the center of the beam. Formulas are obtained for the deflections. An expression is developed for the coefficient of restitution which is essential in determining the deflections and the strains. Criteria are devised for determining the cases in which the beam may be considered as a single-degree-of-freedom system when damping and an elastic foundation are considered. The importance of these criteria is discussed. A numerical example illustrating the theory developed in the paper is worked out in detail. Results of computations for several numerical solutions are given in tabular form.
Tables for Numerical Solution of Problems in Compressible Gas Flow With Energy Effects
Authors: Shapiro Ascher H. , Edelman Gilbert M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tables of functions are given for solving problems in one-dimensional, compressible gas flow when energy effects, as represented by changes in stagnation temperature, are involved. The tables may be used for such typical processes as heat transfer at high gas speeds, combustion, moisture condensation shocks, flame fronts, and detonation waves. The Mach number is the independent argument of the tables, and there is one table for each of six specific-heat ratios, namely, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.67.
Centrifugal and Thermal Stresses in Rotating Disks
Authors: Leopold W. R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A general semigraphical method, a combination and continuation of the solutions indicated by Stodola and Timoshenko, was found by which the thermal and centrifugal stresses in a rotating disk of any arbitrary profile could be determined. This relatively simple and rapid method of solution requires for its application elementary arithmetic involved in the completion of a tabular form sheet, a temperature gradient along the radius of the disk, which may be approximated by an exponential function of the radius, and easily accommodates changes in the physical properties of the disk material at elevated temperatures. A disk profile and expected radial temperature gradient, as determined from heat-transfer analysis, were taken as an example, and the complete disk stresses calculated directly to demonstrate the use of the method.
Large Cylindrical Bending of Rectangular Plates
Authors: Lang H. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper develops a “power-series” method which may be applied to the bending and buckling, of long, thin, rectangular plates when the deflection and curvature are large and the loading is a function of the transverse coordinate only. The method depends upon the constancy of a certain quantity, N + M2/2, whenever the loading is continuous. The condition of continuity may be removed and the results applied to any general loading. Explicit expressions, to any degree of accuracy, are obtainable for the bending moment, transverse force, and deflection. The method is applied to verify the theory of bending of a plate under uniform load, edges clamped or pinned. The problem of the elastica and the effect of discontinuous loads are discussed briefly.
Fast Data-Driven Model Predictive Control Strategy for Connected and Automated Vehicles
Authors: Bhattacharyya Viranjan , Canosa Alejandro Fernandez , HomChaudhuri Baisravan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a fast data-driven model predictive control (MPC) strategy for connected and automated vehicles, which can ensure collision avoidance in the presence of uncertainty in shared/predicted trajectory of preceding vehicles. The proposed control strategy focuses on improvement in fuel economy and computational efficiency. We exploit a data-driven modeling approach to identify a linear predictor for the nonlinear system and evaluate a deterministic equivalent of the probabilistic collision avoidance constraint to formulate the equivalent convex optimal control problem. We then develop a hierarchical control framework with sampling-based high-level control and fast MPC-based low-level control. Simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed approach both in terms of computation time and fuel efficiency.
Product Modeling System With a Constraint Solver Among Attributes
Authors: Minami Shunsuke , Ishida Tomotoshi , Shinotuka Yoshiaki , Hirakata Junko , Inoue Atsushi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A computer-aided design (CAD) system called “Product Modeler” is described for domain-specific product modeling. Product modeling requires construction of user-specific models of design objects. Then, the Product Modeler is a general purpose tool implemented on a general purpose CAD system, which is a solid modeling system in this paper. The system manages CAD data, e.g. shape data, and user-specific data, e.g. domain-specific design rules, as attributes and constraints. Users can describe their design models by user-defined data and constraints among these data, and among these data and the CAD data. The Product Modeler handles the CAD data as data with side-effects and integrates the CAD data and user-defined data constraints by calling the CAD procedure automatically. As an example, a product model for motion and mechanism design of power shovels is prepared using the Product Modeler to show how to implement the user-specific design model.
Hyper-Can: An Automated Design and Analysis Tool for Packaging-Specific Applications
Authors: Bhakuni Nila D. , Dick Robert E. , Beiter Kurt A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The objective of beverage and food can design is to minimize cost while maintaining structural integrity. The package must satisfy requirements of internal pressure, drop pressure, and axial column load. Finite element analysis allows the designer to examine these structural constraints before prototypes are created so a larger design space can be examined in a shorter time. Hyper-Can was created as a tool in the Macintosh environment to automate the design and analysis process and reduce the design cycle time in a user-friendly way. Hyper-Can contains templates or families of designs of standard beverage and food can ends and bodies that calculate geometric information for finite element analysis pre-processing and fill and metal volume calculation using external Fortran code. Hyper-Can allows the designer to manipulate a standard design from the conceptual stage to analysis utilizing a simple graphical interface on the Macintosh.
Development of a 2-D Fixturing Planner for Prismatic Parts for a Flexible Fixturing System
Authors: Zhang Qiyi , Greenway R. Bryan , Faddis Terry N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes an planning system developed for a 16-hole flexible fixturing device previously developed at the University of Kansas’ Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Laboratory (KUCIM). Based on the fixture baseplate and newly designed fixturing elements, a 2-D fixturing planner program was developed to determine and display the fixturing configuration for workpieces of a certain geometric shape and size. The planner output can be either used to direct an operator in the manual setup of the fixture or to command the manufacturing cell’s robot to conduct the fixturing assembly automatically.
Advanced Spreadsheet Methods for Mechanical Engineers
Authors: Dartt Randall F. , Eggert Rudolph J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Spreadsheets are a useful supplement to the set of “tools” available to the mechanical engineer for design and analysis. They are well suited and convenient to the computational needs of the profession, providing many advantages over commonly applied methods, and in our opinion are presently underutilized by mechanical engineers.
To take full advantage of the inherent applicability of spreadsheets to mechanical engineering, proper programming and calculational methodology must be followed to assure usefulness, accuracy, and general versatility. The many features and functions of modern spreadsheet packages, coupled with the ability to produce custom addin functions, may be used to develop advanced procedures which may be applied to any number of engineering situations, providing solutions to problems that might prove inconvenient or intractable using other methods. Using spreadsheets, solutions become available as immediate, presentation quality visual and hardcopy feedback.
The combination of calculational speed and visual output produce a highly interactive process by which the optimization process may occur as a parallel procedure to design, as opposed to one performed subsequently to the initial design process. This document will introduce guidelines, methodology and examples by which spreadsheets may be utilized by mechanical engineers for design and analysis.
Anthropometry-Based Surface Modeling of the Human Torso
Authors: Li Peng , Jones Peter R. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is an increasing need for computerized surface model of the human body in human growth, garment design and ergonomics. However, there is a shortage of three-dimensional (3-D) models of the human body in practical applications. This paper presents a new approach for constructing a 3-D surface model of the human torso using anthropometry. The torso is created by from a reference body of average shape which is represented by a family of cross-sectional curves. The shape and size of the reference body can be modified according to anthropometric data. This approach has been implemented on a personal computer. The resulting 3-D model is a parametric surface based on non-uniform B-splines and can easily be exported to other computer aided design applications.
A Comparative Study of Flux Projection Type Error Estimators in Elasto-Plastic Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Tetambe Ravi P. , Saigal Sunil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study of a series of flux projection type error estimators for elastio-plastic materials undergoing large strains and large rotations. The error estimators are: L2 norms of stress error, total strain error, equivalent strain error, incremental total strain error per load step, and energy rate norm error, respectively. Numerical examples are presented in two dimensions. The information provided by these error estimators may be used for adaptive mesh refinement and for subsequent data transfer (rezoning) in a large deformation analysis. The error estimators based on the energy rate and the incremental total strain were found to be accurate in the prediction of the discretization error for the test cases considered. The L2 norm of incremental strain error estimator consistently gave the most conservative estimate of error.
Challenge Face by Truck Frontal Crash Analysis
Authors: Cheng James C. , Le Jialiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the front barrier crash, due to basic structural differences, light truck body-on-frame vehicles behave quite differently man unitized body vehicles. The complexities of the vehicle structure, weight variation of the test condition, and inherent limited crash distance have made CAE analysis a very attractive method to reduce prototype testing and shorten the design cycle time. The deceleration of the vehicle experienced by the occupant, or “crash pulse”, plays a key role in evaluating occupant injury. In order to maximize CAE’s contribution to design, a reasonable prediction of the crash pulse is crucial. For body-on-frame vehicles, body mounts that connect the cab to the chassis have a pronounced effect on the crash pulse. However, the crash characteristic of the body mount is not fully understood. Therefore, a procedure was developed to provide a good estimation of their behavior. This procedure uses a spring-mass model and a finite element model to simulate a frontal barrier crash test. In both models, the body mounts were modeled as nonlinear springs. By correlating the vehicle response at different locations, a reasonable prediction of the body mounts can be obtained. Further design iterations can be performed once the body mounts characteristic is determined.
Bulk Forming Simulation on High Performance Computers
Authors: Cheng Wing L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Modeling of complicated three-dimensional bulk forming processes remains a challenge to scientists and engineers. Not only does it require a good mathematical model which gives an accurate geometric representation of the dies and the work-piece to capture the physics of the forming processes, it also needs the appropriate computers to carry out different parts of the modeling effort including the numerical simulation. This paper describes our experience on a computer analysis of a three-dimensional multi-stage forging process using an explicit finite element program and a combination of graphic workstations and supercomputers. A three-stage forging of a valve body was used to illustrate the simulation process. A Scalar Graphic Workstation was used in geometric modeling, numerical calculations for the first two stages of the forging process when a coarse model was adequate, and post-processing of the results. A CRAY Y-MP Supercomputer was required to simulate the third stage of the forging process when a fine mesh was needed to capture the details of the material flows. Data transfer was accommodated by a full T-1 communication line between the supercomputer and the workstation. The availability of the advanced software tools and these computer resources provides us the ability to model an entire range of bulk forming problems.
Flowfield Prediction and Color Graphic Interpretation
Authors: Dong M. , Lin T.-K. , Lilley D. G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A computer code has been developed to simulate the turbulent combustion flowfield of an axisymmetric swirling flow in a typical combustor. Fuel enters centrally through a round cross-sectioned inlet while air enters through a concentric annular injet. Combustion flowfield predictions are given to illustrate the reacting flowfield prediction with color graphic interpretation of the results. One, two and four-step chemical schemes are used for the combustion simulation based on Arrhenius and Eddy-Break-Up concepts. Turbulence simulation is by way of the standard two-equation k-e model. Results compare favorably with available experimental data, and are easily interpreted via a newly-developed combustor flowfield color display.
Axially Lumped Versus Axially Distributed Modeling of Liquid-to-Gas Cross-Flow Heat Exchanger Transients
Authors: Elissa M. G. , Rooke S. P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thermal transients of single-row finned-tube serpentine liquid-to-gas cross-flow heat exchangers utilizing single phase fluids are examined numerically in the temperature-time domain. Two modeling approaches are examined with the aim of contrasting levels of modeling sophistication for this specific heat exchanger application. One model is axially lumped (cases with more than one lump are examined), and the second model is axially distributed. The lumped model is solved using a 4th order Runge-Kutta integration scheme, and the distributed model is solved using an explicit upwind differencing scheme. Single lump representation is found to be undesirable, while multi-lump representation provides adequate comparison with the distributed model. Computation times become an issue for the lumped model if multiple lumps are solved using the 4th order Runge-Kutta scheme.
Computer Simulation of Aerosol Motion
Authors: MacGibbon Bruce S. , Busnaina Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is a general review of aerosol dynamics. A Lagrangian equation of motion is presented that incorporates forces that may act on a particle. Included are the influences of viscous drag, gravity, lift, brownian motion, thermophoresis, electrophoresis, photophoresis, and turbulence. Using the equation of motion, particle trajectories can be numerically simulated for given fluid conditions.
Computer Aided Simulation of Turbulent Flow in Pulsate Jet Nozzle
Authors: Li Zheng , Geskin E. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the method of computational fluid dynamics are employed for examination of the formation of a pulsate turbulent waterjet in a Helmholtz resonator type nozzle. The analysis is based on the numerical solution of the conservation equations of mass and momentum, and the standard k-ε turbulent model. The evaluation of the flow characteristics within the nozzle is carried out. Also, the experiments show substantial advantages of this nozzle over a conventional waterjet as a machining tool. The end results of this work will be a knowledge necessary for the improvement of nozzle design and better formation of water and slurry jet.
Integrating Microcomputer Applications Into Engineering Technology Programs
Authors: Kitto Kathleen L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Engineering students graduating today face a fast-paced, competitive marketplace where the push to reduce cycle times for product time-to-market, to reduce part count, part cost and assembly time and improve quality and reliability seems to increase almost daily. New Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools to help the engineering, design and manufacturing team accomplish these goals also seem to be introduced at a phenomenal rate. Considering the facts that CAE technology is advancing at such a rapid rate and that the global marketplace pressures are also expanding at a rapid rate, engineering educators today face the challenges of preparing their students for that global marketplace, integrating the new CAE tools and concurrent engineering into the curriculum and maintaining the integrity of the basic engineering and engineering technology programs. This paper describes the efforts in the Department of Engineering Technology at Western Washington University to integrate design, concurrent engineering and microcomputer applications into the manufacturing and plastics engineering technology programs.
In their freshman year, students complete two courses in engineering graphics where solid modeling, traditional Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CAD), and sketching have largely replaced manual drafting courses In their sophomore year, all students are required to complete a microcomputer based course in CAE tools In that course, students learn basic tools such as operating systems (DOS®, Windows®, and UNIX®), spreadsheet programs (Excel®), symbolic equation solvers (Mathcad®) and technical document production (Word®) Other sophomore courses, such as Materials Science, Statics and Strength of Materials, require students to use those tools for homework and projects. In the junior year, students are introduced to applied finite element analysis (FEA) in machine design and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining in their CNC course In the senior year, students complete projects with all these tools and use more advanced FEA C-Mold®, a program to model injection molding processes, is also introduced and used in the senior year Students complete concurrent engineering design projects in the sophomore through senior year All the CAE tools at Western are microcomputer based (“486” based).
Engineering Analysis and Simulation Using Visual Basic
Authors: Ng Kelvin , Presz Walter M. , Khosrowjerdi M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Internal gas flow systems are often used in engineering applications to transfer or absorb energy, or transport materials. Most commercial systems are designed or retrofitted with “off the shelf” components. When pre-built components are selected, post design calculations and experimental tests are required for system optimizations. These calculations are complex and require numerous iterations. The objective of this project was to develop and verify a computerized scheme for optimizing fluid systems. This computerized scheme dramatically reduces the analysis time required, and increases analytical accuracy for system operating characteristics. The software allows a user to interactively create parametric models for various systems, then solve it for system performance characteristics. Also the user may perform sensitivity analysis in order to optimize the model for operating efficiency. Using Visual BASIC, separate analytical modules were developed to analyze individual flow components. Each module consists of one or more input forms which communicates with a main module. The main module uses these solutions to solve system operating points.
Principal Elements of Solid Modeling
Authors: Pao Y. C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional basic solids generated by linear sweeping of primitives are presented to demonstrate that when stored as a script file, every detail involved in the linear sweep can then be listed. A linearly tapered fillet serves as an example to depict the boolean operations. For better visibility of a solid, splitting the display screen into multiple windows for showing various projects of the solid when viewed from different angles, the hidden-line technique, and changing the location of light source(s) in addition to an ambient light are also described.
Design and Analysis of a Mobile Robotic Wheel by Nonlinear Programming
Authors: Jha Prabhudutt 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with optimal design of a triangular frame mobile robotic wheel. The rollers are mounted around the periphery of wheels. From Lagrangian kinematics the torque equation and constraints are developed. The reduced gradient method of nonlinear programming is used to minimize the torque under the constraints. The alternate designs produces optimal design for angular velocity and acceleration. The whole approach is presented through an example.
Concept, Development and Implementation of DAMOS-C: The Object Oriented Approach to Multibody Systems
Authors: Daberkow Andreas , Schiehlen Werner 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The increasing use of computer aided design (CAD) and multibody dynamics software in engineering design and analysis requires an efficient communication management between different codes. As product cycle times are shrinking and companies are under competitive pressure, an automation of the model data exchange between CAD and multibody dynamics is urgently demanded.
In this paper the concept, development and implementation of the independent, object-oriented multibody modeling kernel DAMOS-C is presented. According to the different multibody formalisms, computer codes and applications in vehicle, machine and robot dynamics a general description and organization of multibody system data is introduced. A general data model is developed to fulfill the needs of a modular simulation system based upon numerical and symbolical formalisms. With respect to existing CAD interfaces, different solid model construction methods and visualization procedures, multi-body system classes and methods are implemented in the multibody modeling kernel. The extreme versatility of this modeling kernel is shown by an integration in a commercially available CAD-system and by application to a conversion tool which processes input data for different multibody software codes.
A Method for Early Manufacturability Evaluation of Proposed Tolerance Plans for Thin-Walled Parts
Authors: Fathailall Ajit K. , Dixon John R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a method for evaluating proposed part tolerancing plans for injected molded, die cast, and stamped parts from a manufacturability perspective. Before exact dimensions are established (the configuration stage), a qualitative evaluation of proposed designs enables designers to identify features and tolerance specifications that may be difficult to achieve. After dimensions are established (parametric stage), assigned tolerance values are evaluated considering materials and associated configuration issues. Examples in the use of the method are included.