bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Resolution Spatio-Temporal Variability of Heat Wave Impacts Quantified by Thermal Comfort Indices
Authors: NEETHU C , Ramesh KV 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Heat waves are increasing in frequency and also exhibit high spatial variability in its distribution over India. There are limited studies focused on the weather related human thermal comfort over India due to non-availability of high resolution (HR) climate data. Here we develop dynamically downscaled HR (4x4 km) daily climate information for the months of April to June during 2001-2016 using a regional climate model called Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, which are validated with station observations. The thermal comfort and its spatio-temporal variability over India are quantified in terms of indices like Excessive Heat Factor (EHF), Heat Index (HI), Humidex, Apparent Temperature (AT) and Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT). The daily surface air temperature and thermal comfort indices of HR WRF model simulations are in good agreement with station observations. The results show that there is an increasing trend in annual heat waves coverage (22240km2/year), annual frequency (0.07 days/year) and average intensity (0.04 °C/year) during 2001-2016. The distributions of indices have spatial and temporal variability. The days with severe discomfort are significantly increasing (99% significance level) over north India and it is quantified with increase of extreme category of indices at the rate of EHF (15.9%), HI (14.9%), Humidex (15.9%), AT (13.4%) and WBGT (13.8%). During heat waves, prolonged exposure or physical activity under sun will led to adverse health impacts and it is mostly observed over northwest and south eastern states. These findings stress the need for developing suitable mitigation strategies for a sustainable ecosystem
Spatial Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes of the Zaohe-Weihe Rivers, China: Exerting a Bottleneck in the Hyporheic Zone
Authors: Shen Siqi , Yang Shengke , Zhang Dan , Jia Yang , Zhang Fanfan , Wang Yanhua , Wang Wenke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The hyporheic zone (HZ) is an active biogeochemical region where groundwater and surface water mix and a potential reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this paper, the relative abundance and spatial distribution of ARGs in the HZ media was investigated, taking into consideration both the 5 speciation of 6 metals and the local characteristics. The samples of surface water, groundwater and sediment were collected from Zaohe-Weihe rivers of Xi’an City, which is representative cities with characteristics of the north-west region region of China. Of 271 ARGs associated with 9 antibiotics, 228 were detected, with a total detection rate of 84%. Sulfonamide and aminoglycoside ARGs were the dominant types of ARGs. The top 6 ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in terms of abundance were tnpA-04, cepA, sul1, aadA2-03, sul2 and intI1. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the distribution characteristics of ARGs were not associated with the sampling sites but with the environmental medias. Similarity in the water phases and significant differences in the water and sediment phases were found. The redundancy analysis (RDA) identified the key factors controlling ARG pollution, including dissolved oxygen (DO) in surface water, total nitrogen (TN) in groundwater and total organic carbon (TOC) in sediments. In terms of the speciation of heavy metals, we further revealed the promotion effect between ARGs and heavy metals, especially the residual fraction of Ni. In terms of horizontal transfer mechanism, ARGs were significantly correlated with tnpA-03 in water phase, and were significantly correlated with tnpA-04 in sediment. In the three media, intI1 and ARGs, all show a significant correlation. These findings showed that hyporheic zone exerted a bottleneck effect on the distribution and transfer of ARGs.
Refractive Astigmatism in Phaco-Canaloplasty vs Phaco-Non-Penetrating Deep Sclerectomy in 24-months Period, in a Randomized, Prospective Study.
Authors: Byszewska Anna , Rudowicz Jacek , Lewczuk Katarzyna , Jabłońska Joanna , Rękas Marek 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
PurposeThis study aimed to assess refractive astigmatism, in Phaco-Canaloplasty (PC) vs Phaco-Non-Penetrating Deep sclerectomy (PDS) in a randomized, prospective study within 24 months.MethodsPatients were randomized pre-operatively, 37 underwent PC and 38 PDS. The following data was collected: BCVA, IOP, number of antiglaucoma medications, refraction with autokeratorefractometry. The assessment of astigmatism was simple arithmetic and vector analysis included double angle plots and cumulative refractive astigmatism graphs.ResultsPre-operative mean BCVA in PC was 0.40±0.43 and was comparable to BCVA in PDS 0.30±0.32logMAR (P=0.314). In the sixth month follow-up, mean BCVA showed no difference (P=0.708) and was 0.07±0.13 and 0.05±0.11, respectively. However, two years after the intervention mean BCVA was better in PC 0.05±0.12 than in PDS 0.12±0.23 and it was statistically significant (P=0.039). Mean astigmatism in PC at baseline was 1.13±0.73Dcyl and 1.35±0.91 for PDS(P=0.544). At six months it was 1.09±0.61 and 1.24±0.86 respectively,(P=0.595). At two years 1.17±0.51 for PC and 1.24±0.82(P=0.917). The direction of mean astigmatism was against the rule throughout observation for both groups. Centroids pre-operatively were 0.79D@172˚±1.10Dcyl in PC and 0.28D@10˚±1.63D in PDS. At six months 0.75D@166˚±1.01 and 0.26D@11˚±1.5, respectively. At 24-months 0.64D@164˚±1.11 and 0.47D@20˚±1.43. The mean baseline IOP in PC was 19.4±5.8mmHg and 19.7±5.4mmHg in PDS(P=0.639). From the six-month IOP was lower in PC, at 24-months it was 13.8±3.3mmHg in PC and 15.1±2.9mmHg in PDS(P=0.048). In both groups preoperatively patients used median(Me) of 3 antiglaucoma medications(P=0.197), at 24-months in PC mean 0.5±0.9 Me=0.0 and 1.1±1.2 Me=1.0 in PDS(P=0.058). ConclusionsBoth surgeries in mid-term observation are safe and effective. They do not generate vision-threatening astigmatism and don’t even change the preoperative direction of mean astigmatism. Refractive astigmatism is stable throughout the observation.
Hurricane Driven Changes in Vegetation Structure and Ecosystem Services in Tropical Urban Yards: a Study Case in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Authors: Olivero-Lora Sofía , Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Melendez-Ackerman Elvia J , Orengo-Rolon Juan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Urban forests are valuable spaces for species conservation, protection of local biodiversity and provision of ecosystem services. However, they are also vulnerable to the impact of extreme climate events like hurricanes. Understanding how urban forests are responding to hurricane disturbances is crucial to improve their design, management, and resilience. Here we analyzed pre-and post-hurricane surveys in 52 residential yards in San Juan to assess urban forests responses after Hurricanes Irma and Maria impacted Puerto Rico in 2017. We used these surveys to compare vegetation structure and composition (including species-specific mortality and damage rates) and to quantify changes in the ecosystem services provided by these yards. We found that hurricane disturbances significantly altered the structure but not the composition of yard vegetation. We detected a 27% reduction and 31% mortality of standing stems, and a significant reduction in plants health. Yard species composition was dominated by non-native species and this trend did not change with hurricane disturbance. Changes in vegetation structure translated into substantial reductions in ecosystem services. Food provision, an important service provided by a large proportion of yards before the hurricane, reported the highest reduction (41.9%) while carbon storage was the service that changed the least (9%). Our combined results emphasize the key role played by residential yards providing ecosystem services in tropical cities and call for further efforts to manage private and public urban forests in ways that may ensure their resilience to mitigate extreme climate events, provide multiple ecosystem services, and promote long-term urban sustainability.
Effect of the Tide On Flood Modeling and Mapping in Kota Tinggi, Johor Malaysia
Authors: Sa’adi Zulfaqar , Ismail Ahmad Zuhdi , Yusop Zulkifli , Yusof Zainab Mohamad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aimed at mapping the Kota Tinggi flood event in 2006/07 that had caused massive damages to properties and the environment. The flood was associated with unusually high intensity and continuous rainfall. Therefore, a reliable technique of floodplain mapping is crucial for the improvement of flood control strategies and for preparing an evacuation plan. The main objective of this study is to compare the effect of tide on flood modeling analysis. The inundated areas were mapped for various annual recurrent intervals using peak flow data from 1965 to 2010. The study used Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data for flood modeling. HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS, and HEC-GeoRAS were used to develop the flood model. The results reaffirm that the GEV model is the best for fitting the annual flood. The HEC-HMS hydrologic model was calibrated and validated using observed hydrographs in Sep 2002 and Jan 2003, respectively. Upon successful calibration and validation, the model was used to simulate flood hydrograph in Jan 2007. The modeling took into account the tidal effect. When the tidal effect was not considered, the simulated flood depth was 43 % lower than the observed flood. However, the inclusion of the tidal effect has reduced the simulation error with an average similarity of 91.4%. The simulation results show that the river flow starts to over bank for ARIs exceeded 25 years.
In Vitro Investigation of the Cytotoxic Effects of Different Detergent-Containing Children's Toothpastes on Human Gingival Epithelial Cells
Authors: Birant Sinem , Duran Yazgul , Akkoc Tunc , Seymen Figen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate possible cytotoxic effects to gingival epithelial cells exposed to children toothpastes containing different detergent. Methods: Tissues required fort he isolation of human gingival epithelial cells were obtained by biopsy during the extraction of the impacted third molar tooth. Toothpaste solutions of different concentrations were prepared from five different children’s toothpastes with different detergent contents. Isolated gingival epithelial cells were stimulated with experimental groups consisting of toothpaste solutions (Colgate, Sensodyne, Splat, Nenedent, Perlodent) at different concentrations and a control group consissting of complete Dulbocco’s modified eagle medium. After the experiments, cell viability was evaluated using flow cytometry. Data analysis were done using One Way ANOVA test and Tukey post-hoc test. Results: In all experimental groups, there was a decrease in live cell rates and an increase in dead cell rates due to increased concentration. The statistically highest live cell ratios were detected in Splat’s toothpaste solutions after the control group and the group with the lowest viability values was determined in Colgate group (p<0.05). Conclusions: According to the results of the study, it was observed that toothpastes containing SLS affected the viability of cells more negatively than toothpastes with other detergent contents.
lncRNA MALAT1 Mediates Osteogenic Differentiation and Apoptosis in Osteoporosis by Regulating the miR-485-5p/WNT7B Axis
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Xu Zhuo , Wang Yuanyi , Song Qiang , Yin Ruofeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with the development of osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) on osteogenic differentiation and cell apoptosis in osteoporosis. Methods: hindlimb unloading (HU) was performed to establish osteoporosis model in vivo. MicroCT was applied for pathological analysis. Microgravity (MG) was used to construct osteoporosis in vitro. The mRNA and miRNA expression was determined using RT-qPCR. Protein expression was determined using western blot. The binding sites between miR-485-5p and MALAT1/Wnt family member 7B (WNT7B) was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. Cellular functions were determined by ALP staining, Alizarin red staining, and flow cytometry assays. Results: MALAT1 expression was downregulated in HU mice and MG treated MC3T3-E1 cells. However, overexpression of MALAT1 upregulated the expression of Bmp4, Col1a1, Spp1, and enhanced ALP activity. Additionally, overexpression of MALAT1 inhibited apoptosis, decreased Bax and caspase-3 levels, and increased Bcl-2 level. Moreover, MALAT1 overexpression improved bone phenotype in vivo. MALAT1 functioned as a ceRNA to upregulate WNT7B. Overexpression of miR-485-5p rescued the promotion of osteogenic differentiation and the inhibition of apoptosis induced by MALAT1. Knockdown of WNT7B abolished the facilitation of osteogenic differentiation and the suppression of apoptosis induced by downregulation of miR-485-5p. Conclusion: In conclusion, MALAT1 promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited cell apoptosis through miR-485-5p/WNT7B axis, which suggested that MALAT1 is a potential target to alleviate osteoporosis.
Profiling of Exosomal MicroRNAs Expression in Umbilical Cord Blood from Normal and Preeclampsia Patients
Authors: Pan Hai-Tao , Shi Xiao-Liang , Fang Min , Sun Xiang-Mei , Chen Pan-Pan , Ding Jin-Long , Xia Gui-Yu , Yu Bin , Zhang Tao , Zhu Hong-Dan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that preeclampsia has a negative impact on maternity and offspring health. Previous studies report that dysregulation in utero-environment increases risk for elderly disease such as cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are packaged in exosomes may regulate processes in offspring microvascular dysfunction.Methods: A comprehensive miRNA sequence-based approach to compare exosomes carry miRNAs (Exo-miRNAs) expression levels in umbilical serum between normal and preeclampsia patients was performed to explore mechanisms for development of cardiovascular dysfunction in offspring exposed to preeclampsia. by ExoQuick precipitations were used to isolate serum exosomes. Serum exosomes were then viewed under electron microscopy, and their characteristics determined by western blotting and nanoparticle-tracking analysis. Illumina platform was used to perform sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was used to explore differentially expressed Exo-miRNAs in umbilical serum.Results: Based on sequence similarity, 1733 known miRNAs were retrieved. Furthermore, 157 mature miRNAs in serum exosomes were significantly differential expressed between PE and those control groups (P＜0.05, log2|FC|>1). Out, of the 157 miRNAs, 96 were upregulated miRNAs whereas 61 miRNAs were downregulated. The 157 differentially expressed miRNAs targeted 51424 differentially expressed genes. Functional analysis through KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology results uncovered that target genes of miRNAs with differential expression were significantly linked to several pathways and biological processes.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed differential expression of umbilical serum Exo-miRNAs in normal compared with PE patients, implying that these Exo-miRNAs play an important function in offspring microvascular dysfunction of preeclampsia.
Condensin compacts DNA in 15 nm steps and requires FACT for extrusion on chromatin
Authors: Rueda David , Sudhakar Swathi , Fisher Gemma , Gutierrez-Escribano Pilar , Garcia-Luis Jonay , Cutts Erin , Cawood Christopher , Aragón Luís 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Condensin plays a central role in the organisation of chromosomes by compacting chromatin into loops during mitosis. Condensin achieves this through a loop extrusion mechanism that remains poorly understood. To identify the molecular steps of yeast condensin during loop formation, we used optical tweezers with fluorescence detection. We find that single yeast condensin complexes use ATP to extrude DNA through distinct 15 nm steps, thus advancing ~45 base pairs (bp) per step. Under increasing load, the condensin step size remains constant while step-dwell times increase, and stalls at forces >1 pN. We also show that nucleosome arrays hinder processive condensin extrusion and demonstrate that the histone chaperone FACT is required for compaction of nucleosomal arrays by condensin. Importantly, FACT-assisted compaction on nucleosomes also occurs through distinct 15 nm steps. Finally, we show that FACT is required for correct condensin localisation in vivo. Our results establish that loop extrusion by yeast condensin involves a 45 bp stroke that requires FACT for condensin function on chromatin.
A Novel Approach On Decision Support System Based On Triangular Linguistic Cubic Fuzzy Dombi Aggregation Operators
Authors: Qiyas Muhammad , Abdullah Saleem , Chinram Ronnason , . Muneeza 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The triangular linguistic cubic fuzzy sets (TLCFSs) can express the fuzzy data easily, and also very useful in modeling of uncertain data in decision making (DM) problems. First of all, on the basis of Dombi t-norm and t-conorm (DTT), we propose novel operational rules of triangular linguistic cubic fuzzy numbers (TLCFNs). We propose some new aggregation operators of TLCFNs based on the newly-developed operations, i.e., triangular linguistic cubic fuzzy Dombi weighted averaging (TLCFDWA), triangular linguistic cubic fuzzy Dombi weighted geometric (TLCFDWG), triangular linguistic cubic fuzzy Dombi order weighted averaging (TLCFDOWA), triangular linguistic cubic fuzzy Dombi order weighted geometric (TLCFDOWG), triangular linguistic cubic fuzzy Dombi hybrid weighted averaging (TLCFDHWA), and triangular linguistic cubic fuzzy Dombi hybrid weighted geometric (TLCFDHWG) operators. Furthermore, a new method is proposed with the help of the proposed operators to solved the decision making problem. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the new method. Comparative analysis is used to demonstrate the proposed method's superiority.
Silicon Binding in Soil Humic Substances
Authors: kar sanjib 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the present study, an attempt has been made to probe the nature of silicon-humus bonding as it occurs in nature ('untreated') as compared to the samples wherefrom the metalloid ions have been removed ('treated'). Infrared (IR) spectroscopy revealed the role of carboxylic acid groups of Humic acid (HA) in metal complexation. Si-O absorption reduced considerably in treatment to remove metalloid ions, but it remained quite strong in the treated samples indicating a strong Si-O linkage with humus. In XRD analysis, treated samples showed stronger γ-bands. DTA analysis indicated structural strain on the humic molecule induced by complexation with metalloid ions. Treated HAs had higher acidity values compared to the untreated samples. Treatment for removal of metal ions caused an increase in cation exchange capacity while a reduction of E4/E6 ratio. Treated HAs also showed higher molecular weights (Mv) compared to the untreated samples. Removal of metals renders certain groups free which form intermolecular bonds. On the basis of analytical data, it was observed that there is still some silicon bonds within humic acid molecule, even after removal of silicon by forcing conditions. Association of silicon with humus in soils are quantitatively and qualitatively different from other metal ions and it is clear that humic acid molecule possess silicon-humus bond like pure organo-metallic compounds.
A Multi Omics Approach Unravels Metagenomic and Metabolic Alterations of a Probiotic and Synbiotic Additive in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
Authors: Rasmussen Jacob Agerbo , Villumsen Kasper Rømer , Ernst Madeleine , Hansen Martin , Forberg Torunn , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Gilbert M. Tom P. , Bojesen Anders Miki , Kristiansen Karsten , Limborg Morten Tønsberg 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAnimal protein production is increasingly looking towards microbiome associated services such as the design of new and better probiotic solutions to further improve gut health and production sustainability. Here, we investigate the functional effects of bacteria based pro- and synbiotic feed additives on microbiome associated functions in relation to growth performance in the commercially important rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We combine complementary insights from multiple omics datasets from gut content samples, including 16S bacterial profiling, whole metagenomes, and untargeted metabolomics, to investigate bacterial metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) and their molecular interactions with host metabolism.ResultsOur findings reveal, that (I) feed additives changed the microbiome and that rainbow trout reared with feed additives had a significantly reduced relative abundance of the salmonid related Candidatus Mycoplasma salmoninae in both the mid and distal gut content, (II) genome resolved metagenomics revealed that alterations of microbial arginine biosynthesis and terpenoid backbone synthesis pathways were directly associated with presence of Candidatus Mycoplasma salmoninae, (III) differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota among feed types were directly associated with significant changes of the metabolomic landscape, including lipids and lipid-like metabolites, amino acids, bile acids, and steroid-related metabolites.ConclusionOur results demonstrate how use of multi-omics to investigate complex host-microbiome interactions enable us to better evaluate the functional potential of probiotics compared to studies that only measure overall growth performance or that only characterise the microbial composition in intestinal environments.
Temperature Sensitivity Analysis of Dual Material Stack Gate Oxide Source Dielectric Pocket TFET
Authors: Nishad Dharmender , Nigam Kaushal , Kumar Satyendra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Temperature dependence performance variation is one of the major concerns in predicting the actual electrical characteristics of the device as the bandgap of semiconducting material varies with temperature. Therefore, in this article, for the first time the impact of temperature variations ranging from 300K to 450K on the DC, analog/ radio frequency, and linearity performance of dual material stack gate oxide-source dielectric pocket-tunnel- field-effect transistor (DMSGO-SDP-TFET) is investigated. In this regard, technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulator is used to analyze DC, and analog/radio frequency performance parameters such as carrier concentration, energy band variation, electric field variation, IDS - VGS characteristics, transconductance (gm), cut o frequency (f T ),gain-bandwidth product (GBP), maximum oscillating frequency (fmax), transconductance frequency product (TFP), and transit time considering the impact of temperature variations. Furthermore, linearity parameters such as third-order transconductance (gm3), third-order voltage intercept point (VIP3), third-order input-interception point (IIP3), and intermodulation distortion (IMD3) are also analyzed with temperature variations as these performance parameters are significant for linear and analog/radio frequency applications. Moreover, the performance of the proposed DMSGO- SDP-TFET is compared with the conventional dual-material stack gate oxide-tunnel- field-effect transistor (DMSGO-TFET). From the comparative analysis, in terms of % per kelvin, DMSGO-SDP-TFET demonstrates lesser sensitivity towards temperature variation. Hence, the proposed DMSGO-SDP-TFET can be a suitable candidate for low power switching and analog/radio frequency applications at elevated temperatures as compared to conventional DMSGO-TFET.