bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social information affects prospecting, but not settlement, by Black‐and‐white Warblers (Mniotilta varia)
Authors: Mann Justin T. , Mann Evan A. , Clark Anne B. 
Published: January 2021

Birds use social as well as environmental cues to inform their habitat selection decisions. By manipulating social cues with song playbacks, biologists can influence where individuals search for breeding territories, which could be useful for conservation. Yet before we can predict how birds will respond to playback treatments, we must first understand how they integrate social cues with information about habitat quality at different stages in the habitat selection process. In this experiment, we examined whether vegetation structure and/or social cues affected Black‐and‐white Warbler Mniotilta varia abundance at three study areas that differed in habitat quality. We monitored Black‐and‐white Warbler habitat use across the breeding season, from the early prospecting period until after settlement decisions were made. During seasons without playback treatments, Black‐and‐white Warbler abundance was positively associated with levels of understorey vegetation cover. We then played Black‐and‐white Warbler songs daily for 5–6 weeks at selected survey sites at all study areas. We found that the model‐predicted abundance of Black‐and‐white Warblers was nearly three times greater at playback sites than at control sites during the prospecting period. During seasons with playbacks, understorey vegetation cover was no longer associated with Black‐and‐white Warbler abundance, indicating that individuals prioritized social information when searching for breeding territories. However, during the post‐settlement period, neither playbacks nor levels of understorey vegetation cover were associated with increased abundance, suggesting that playback treatments did not influence final breeding territory choice. We also found no difference in abundance between playback and control sites at a study area that represented low‐quality habitat, which suggests that playbacks should not induce maladaptive site selection.
Insights from regional and short‐term biodiversity monitoring datasets are valuable: a reply to Daskalova et al. 2021
Authors: Seibold Sebastian , Hothorn Torsten , Gossner Martin M. , Simons Nadja K. , Blüthgen Nico , Müller Jörg , Ambarlı Didem , Ammer Christian , Bauhus Jürgen , Fischer Markus , Habel Jan C. , Penone Caterina , Schall Peter , Schulze Ernst‐Detlef , Weisser Wolfgang W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Reports of major losses in insect biodiversity have stimulated an increasing interest in temporal population changes. Existing datasets are often limited to a small number of study sites, few points in time, a narrow range of land‐use intensities and only some taxonomic groups, or they lack standardised sampling. While new monitoring programs have been initiated, they still cover rather short time periods.
Daskalova et al. 2021 (Insect Conservation and Diversity, 14, 1‐18) argue that temporal trends of insect populations derived from short time series are biased towards extreme trends, while their own analysis of an assembly of shorter‐ and longer‐term time series does not support an overall insect decline. With respect to the results of Seibold et al. 2019 (Nature, 574, 671–674) based on a 10‐year multi‐site time series, they claim that the analysis suffers from not accounting for temporal pseudoreplication.
Here, we explain why the criticism of missing statistical rigour in the analysis of Seibold et al. (2019) is not warranted. Models that include ‘year’ as random effect, as suggested by Daskalova et al. (2021), fail to detect non‐linear trends and assume that consecutive years are independent samples which is questionable for insect time‐series data.
We agree with Daskalova et al. (2021) that the assembly and analysis of larger datasets is urgently needed, but it will take time until such datasets are available. Thus, short‐term datasets are highly valuable, should be extended and analysed continually to provide a more detailed understanding of insect population changes under the influence of global change, and to trigger immediate conservation actions.
Improvement of the mechanical and aesthetic properties of a coating by inkjet technology
Authors: Amorós José Luís , Blasco Encarna , Moreno Arnaldo , Feliu Carlos , Boschi Anselmo O. , Marín Natalia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDifferent amounts of ink, made up almost entirely of a frit that devitrified abundant small crystals of anorthoclase, were applied by inkjet printing onto a traditional unfired glaze substrate. The rheological properties of the ink and porous texture of the unfired glaze substrate were characterized. The fired coatings were analyzed by SEM–EDX to determine the elemental composition at different surface depths, and their microstructure was observed. The results confirmed the validity of the ink penetration model, developed in a previous study, for describing the composition profile in inkjet coatings as a function of the applied amount of ink and pore size and volume in the unfired glaze substrate relative to average ink particle size. Microhardness and indentation modulus of the fired glaze substrate without an ink application and of the fired ink‐containing coatings were determined. The values of these properties were verified to fit a Weibull distribution function. The coatings containing an ink application at 400 and 600 dots per inch (dpi), respectively, displayed the best mechanical behavior. The study confirmed that inkjet printing a suspension with appropriate physico‐chemical characteristics onto an unfired glaze substrate substantially improved the aesthetic characteristics and mechanical properties of the resulting fired coating.
Integrated Hydrologic and Hydraulic Analysis of Torrential Flood Hazard in Arequipa, Peru
Authors: Mazer Katy E. , Tomasek Abigail A. , Daneshvar Fariborz , Bowling Laura C. , Frankenberger Jane R. , McMillan Sara K. , Novoa Hector M. , Zeballos‐Velarde Carlos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeated at the foot of the Misti volcano in an area prone to intense seasonal rains and earthquakes, the city of Arequipa is highly vulnerable to natural disasters. During the rainy season, intense storms create large volumes of runoff that rush through the city's ephemeral streams, known locally as torrenteras. Episodic flows in these torrenteras have caused flooding, damage to bridges, homes, and other infrastructure, and caused many deaths. In recent years, while unprecedented rain events have caused extreme disasters, the city's population has continued to expand into these channels by creating informal or illegal settlements. Currently, detailed hazard maps of flood‐prone areas surrounding the torrenteras are not available to stakeholders in Arequipa. In this study, hydrologic and hydraulic models were combined to assess flash flood hazards, including inundation, velocity hazards, and slope instability hazards. Hydrologic models were created using satellite precipitation data and terrain‐sensitive, gridded climate maps to characterize flow within six torrenteras in Arequipa. These flows were used in conjunction with elevation data and data collected in the field using an online mobile application system to develop a hydraulic model of these flood events. Hydraulic model outputs were used to determine flood hazards related to inundation, velocity affecting human stability, and slope instability in case study areas of the torrenteras. We then discuss how this information can be used by disaster risk management groups, water authorities, planners and municipalities, and community groups.
Hypoxia and Anoxia Stress: Plant responses and tolerance mechanisms
Authors: Zahra Noreen , Hafeez Muhammad Bilal , Shaukat Kanval , Wahid Abdul , Hussain Sadam , Naseer Rubina , Raza Ali , Iqbal Shahid , Farooq Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOxygen is a limiting factor for plant growth and development under submerged and waterlogged conditions. Plants are subjected to a varying range of oxygen concentrations, such as normoxia, hypoxia and anoxia which may differ over time and space. To endure oxygen deprivation, plants have evolved a series of morphological and anatomical adaptations, which have been extensively studied. However, metabolic reactions and molecular regulation under oxygen deprivation are not well understood. A comprehensive understanding of how plants respond to oxygen deficiency for stress tolerance and integrated approaches are imperative for developing anoxia and hypoxia tolerant varieties for the flood‐prone and waterlogged areas. In this review, adaptations and recent advances in biochemical and molecular approaches during oxygen deprivation have been discussed. Acquiring tolerance against anoxia and hypoxia is an active process consuming a considerable amount of plant resources for the functional maintenance of post‐anoxia escape strategies. Understanding of biochemical and molecular mechanisms may help devise contemporary molecular and traditional breeding approaches, and management strategies to improve anoxia‐hypoxia tolerance in crop plants.
Learning about Colour – the Legacy of the Bauhaus Masters
Authors: Tóth Alisa , Molnár Gyöngyvér , Kárpáti Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBauhaus, the German arts and crafts college, is 100 years old this year. One of the revolutionary features of its pedagogical programme was the methodology of teaching about colour, elaborated by Johannes Itten and Paul Klee, leading Bauhaus masters, and further developed by their disciples, Joseph Albers and György (George) Kepes. This methodological legacy is continued in a curriculum innovation experiment in art education that is currently being piloted in primary and secondary schools of Hungary. Developing colour perception, creation and communication are basic components of our curricular modules. In this article, we show the development of colour perception of 7,087 students in two age groups: 7–8.8 and 12–13.5 years, tested through arts‐based tasks in an interactive, online platform. Evolution of colour sensitivity, recognition of colour and form, colour memory and decoding the meaningof colours will be shown and the relevance of the results for arts education indicated.
Daily self‐care practices influence exit‐site condition in patients having peritoneal dialysis: A multicenter cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ding Xiao‐rong , Huang Hui‐e , Liao Yu‐mei , Zhu Jin‐rong , Tang Wen , Fang Xiao‐wan , Su Chun‐yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate practice patterns in exit‐site care and identify the risk factors for exit‐site infection.DesignA quantitative cross‐sectional design.MethodsData were collected in 12 peritoneal dialysis (PD) centres in 2018. Daily exit‐site care practice patterns and exit‐site status of patients receiving PD were assessed through interviews and questionnaires.Results/findingsMost of the 1,204 patients adhered with the protocols about main aspects of exit‐site care, such as cleansing agents selection, frequency of cleansing, catheter fixation, and following the catheter protective measures. However, their adherence levels on hand hygiene, mask wearing, observing exit site, examining secretion, and communicating with PD staff were rather low. Eighty‐four patients' exit sites were evaluated as problematic exit site (PES). And 186 patients had catheter‐related infection (CRI) history. After multivariable logistic regression analysis, diabetes (OR = 1.631), traction bleeding history (OR = 2.697), antibiotic agents use (OR = 2.460), compliance on mask wearing (OR = 0.794), and observing exit site (OR = 0.806) were influencing factors of CRI history. Traction bleeding history (OR = 2.436), CRI history (OR = 10.280), and effective communication (OR = 0.808) with PD staff were influencing factors for PES.ConclusionsThe adherence levels on different aspects of exit‐site care were varied in patients having PD. Their self‐care behaviours did correlate with the exit‐site status.ImpactThe adherence level of patients’ exit‐site care practice needs attention of medical staff. Further studies about the optimal procedure in exit‐site care were warranted.
Blood flow volume of left atrial appendage measured by magnetic resonance imaging is improved after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kim Yun Gi , Min Kyongjin , Hwang Sung Ho , Shim Jaemin , Choi Yun Young , Choi Ha Young , Choi Jong‐Il , Oh Yu‐Whan , Kim Young‐Hoon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionHemodynamics of left atrial appendage (LAA) is an important factor for future risk of ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Velocity encoded cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (VENC‐MRI) can evaluate blood flow volume of LAA without any invasive procedures. We aimed to evaluate the association between radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) and LAA hemodynamics measured by MRI.Methods and ResultsConsecutive RFCA cases in a single arrhythmia center were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 3120 AF patients who underwent first RFCA were analyzed. Among these patients 360 patients had both pre‐ and post‐RFCA VENC‐MRI evaluation. Atrial fibrillation was non‐paroxysmal in 174 (48.3%) patients. Mean VENC‐MRI (ml/sec) was significantly improved after RFCA with 49.93 ± 32.92 and 72.00 ± 34.82 for pre‐ and post‐RFCA, respectively. Patients with non‐paroxysmal AF (∆VENC‐MRI = 14.63 ± 40.67 vs. 30.03 ± 35.37; p < .001) and low pre‐RFCA VENC‐MRI (∆VENC‐MRI = 17.19 ± 38.35 vs. 50.35 ± 29.12; p < .001) had significantly higher improvement in VENC‐MRI. Those who experienced late recurrence before post‐RFCA MRI had significantly less improvement in LAA flow volume (∆VENC‐MRI = 15.55 ± 41.41 vs. 26.18 ± 36.77; p = .011). Late recurrence and pre‐RFCA VENC‐MRI were significantly associated with ∆VENC‐MRI after adjusting covariates. Patients who were AF before RFCA but maintained sinus rhythm after RFCA showed greatest improvement in VENC‐MRI.ConclusionEffective rhythm control through RFCA can be associated with significant improvement in LAA hemodynamics. Low pre‐RFCA VENC‐MRI and absence of late recurrence were associated with greater improvement in LAA hemodynamics.
The value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and programmed ventricular stimulation in patients with ventricular noncompaction and ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Gunda Sampath , Ghannam Michael , Liang Jackson J. , Attili Anil , Sharaf Dabbagh Ghaith , Cochet Hubert , Lathkar‐Pradhan Sangeetha , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Jongnarangsin Krit , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionLeft ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is associated with ventricular arrhythmias (VA) including premature ventricular complexes, and ventricular tachycardia (VT). The value of imaging with delayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (DE‐CMR) and programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) for risk stratification in patients with VA and LVNC is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether DE‐CMR and PVS are beneficial for risk stratification and whether CMR helps to identify VA target sites.Methods and ResultsConsecutive patients with LVNC undergoing ablation for VAs were included, all patients had preprocedure DE‐CMR. A total of 23 patients (7 women, 46 ± 14 years, ejection fraction 35 ± 14) were included and followed for 2.9 ± 2.2 years. DE‐CMR scar was present in 12/23 patients (52%). PVS was performed in 20/23 patients, 8/10 patients (80%) with scar were inducible for VT compared to 0/10 (0%) patients without scar (p < .001). VA target sites in patients with scarring were located adjacent to areas of scarring in all but 1 patient and ablation was successful in 15/23 patients (65%). Patients with scar had worse survival free of VT than those without scar (log rank p = .01) and patients with inducible VT had worse survival free of VT than those who were noninducible (log rank p < .001).ConclusionsThe presence of CMR defined scar in patients with LVNC was associated with inducible VT and worse outcomes. Inducibility for VT was associated with VT recurrence. Furthermore, CMR is beneficial in localizing the arrhythmogenic substrate in LVNC and therefore can aid in procedural planning.
Half‐normal saline versus normal saline for irrigation of open‐irrigated radiofrequency catheters in atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Gianni Carola , Gallinghouse G. Joseph , Al‐Ahmad Amin , Horton Rodney P. , Bailey Shane M. , Burkhardt J. David , Bassiouny Mohamed A. , MacDonald Bryan C. , Quintero Mayedo Angel , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Trivedi Chintan , Di Biase Luigi , Hranitzky Patrick M. , Sanchez Javier E. , Natale Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe creation of effective and permanent lesions is a crucial factor in determining the success rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. By increasing the efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) energy‐mediated lesion formation, half‐normal saline (HNS) as an irrigant for open‐irrigated ablation catheters has the potential to reduce procedural times and improve acute and long‐term outcomes.MethodsThis is a double‐blind randomized clinical trial of 99 patients undergoing first‐time RF catheter ablation for AF. Patients enrolled were randomly assigned in a 1:1 fashion to perform ablation using HNS or normal saline (NS) as an irrigant for the ablation catheter.ResultsThe use of HNS is associated with shorter RF times (26 vs. 33 min;p = .02) with comparable procedure times (104 vs. 104 min). The rate of acute pulmonary vein reconnections (16% vs. 18%) was comparable, with a median of 1 vein reconnection in the HNS arm versus 2 in the NS arm. There was no difference in procedure‐related complications, including the incidence of postprocedural hyponatremia when using HNS. Over the 1‐year follow‐up, there is no significant difference between the HNS and NS with respect to the recurrence of any atrial arrhythmia (off antiarrhythmic drugs [AAD]: 47% vs. 52%; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–2.06; off/on AAD: 66% vs. 66%, HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.53–2.12), with a potential benefit of using HNS when considering the paroxysmal AF cohort (on/off AAD 73% vs. 62%, HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.19–2.70).ConclusionsIn a mixed cohort of patients undergoing first‐time AF ablation, irrigation of open‐irrigated RF ablation catheters with HNS is associated with shorter RF times, with a comparably low rate of procedure‐related complications. In the long term, there is no significant difference with respect to the recurrence of any atrial arrhythmia. Larger studies with a more homogeneous population are necessary to determine whether HNS improves clinical outcomes.
The role of SARS‐CoV‐2 target ACE2 in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Zhu Hanzhao , Zhang Liyun , Ma Yubo , Zhai Mengen , Xia Lin , Liu Jincheng , Yu Shiqiang , Duan Weixun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2, the virus responsible for the global coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, attacks multiple organs of the human body by binding to angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter cells. More than 20 million people have already been infected by the virus. ACE2 is not only a functional receptor of COVID‐19 but also an important endogenous antagonist of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS). A large number of studies have shown that ACE2 can reverse myocardial injury in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as well as is exert anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐apoptotic and anticardiomyocyte fibrosis effects by regulating transforming growth factor beta, mitogen‐activated protein kinases, calcium ions in cells and other major pathways. The ACE2/angiotensin‐(1‐7)/Mas receptor axis plays a decisive role in the cardiovascular system to combat the negative effects of the ACE/angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis. However, the underlying mechanism of ACE2 in cardiac protection remains unclear. Some approaches for enhancing ACE2 expression in CVDs have been suggested, which may provide targets for the development of novel clinical therapies. In this review, we aimed to identify and summarize the role of ACE2 in CVDs.
Periodontal diseases and depression: A pre‐clinical in vivo study
Authors: Martínez María , Martín‐Hernández David , Virto Leire , MacDowell Karina S. , Montero Eduardo , González‐Bris Álvaro , Marín María José , Ambrosio Nagore , Herrera David , Leza Juan Carlos , Sanz Mariano , García‐Bueno Borja , Figuero Elena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo analyse, through a pre‐clinical in vivo model, the possible mechanisms linking depression and periodontitis at behavioural, microbiological and molecular levels.Materials and methodsPeriodontitis (P) was induced in Wistar:Han rats (oral gavages with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) during 12 weeks, followed by a 3‐week period of Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) induction. Four groups (n = 12 rats/group) were obtained: periodontitis and CMS (P+CMS+); periodontitis without CMS; CMS without periodontitis; and control. Periodontal clinical variables, alveolar bone levels (ABL), depressive‐like behaviour, microbial counts and expression of inflammatory mediators in plasma and brain frontal cortex (FC), were measured. ANOVA tests were applied.ResultsThe highest values for ABL occurred in the P+CMS+ group, which also presented the highest expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators (TNF‐α, IL‐1β and NF‐kB) in frontal cortex, related to the lipoprotein APOA1‐mediated transport of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to the brain and the detection of F. nucleatum in the brain parenchyma. A dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal stress axis, reflected by the increase in plasma corticosterone and glucocorticoid receptor levels in FC, was also found in this group.ConclusionsNeuroinflammation induced by F. nucleatum (through a leaky mouth) might act as the linking mechanism between periodontal diseases and depression.
Effects of three insecticides on the expression of cytochrome P450 CYP6B7 in Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Huang Yun , Luo Yuanyuan , Wu Peizhuo , Zheng Junyue , Qiu Lihong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCytochrome P450 genes can be induced by xenobiotics, which may contribute to insect's adaptability to the environments and resistance to insecticides. Previous studies indicated that cytochrome P450 CYP6B7 played a vital role in the resistance of Helicoverpa armigera to fenvalerate. However, effects of different insecticides on the expression of CYP6B7 in H. armigera are still unclear. In this study, resistance level of H. armigera to six insecticides was determined by topical application method, and effects of fenvalerate, phoxim and indoxacarb on the expression of CYP6B7 in susceptible (HDS) and fenvalerate‐resistant (BJR) strains of H. armigera were evaluated by RT‐qPCR. The results showed that BJR strain had an extremely high level of resistance to fenvalerate (1990.57‐fold), and the induction of CYP6B7 in different tissues of BJR strain was significantly higher than that of HDS strain after exposure to fenvalerate for 24 and 48 hr. The highest induction level by fenvalerate was observed in the midgut, which were 13.7‐fold in HDS strain and 127.9‐fold in BJR strain at 24 and 48 hr, respectively. After exposure to phoxim, the expression level of CYP6B7 in HDS and BJR strains was induced by 2.3‐ and 316.8‐fold at 24 hr, respectively. It is worth to note that CYP6B7 could be induced by phoxim at different time points in BJR strain, but only induced at 24 and 72 hr in HDS strain. After indoxacarb exposure, the expression of CYP6B7 was induced by 1.6‐fold at 72 hr in BJR strain, whereas it was induced at 24 and 48 hr in HDS strain. These results demonstrated that the expression level of CYP6B7 could be induced by fenvalerate, phoxim and indoxacarb, but the induction time and levels varied; moreover, the induction in BJR strain was markedly higher than that in HDS strain after exposure to fenvalerate and phoxim.