bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting the mental health needs of underserved communities: A qualitative study of barriers to accessing community resources
Authors: Torres Sanchez Alejandra , Park Alayna L. , Chu Wendy , Letamendi Andrea , Stanick Cameo , Regan Jennifer , Perez Gina , Manners Debbie , Oh Glory , Chorpita Bruce F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examined the accessibility of community resources (e.g., welfare programs and afterschool programs) for underserved youth and families with mental health needs. Mental health professionals (n = 52) from a large community mental health and welfare agency serving predominantly low‐income, Latinx families completed a semistructured interview that asked about the accessibility of community resources. Participant responses were coded using an inductive thematic analysis. Results showed that 71% of participants endorsed availability barriers (e.g., limited local programs), 37% endorsed logistical barriers (e.g., waitlists), 27% endorsed attitudinal barriers (e.g., stigmatized beliefs about help‐seeking), and 23% endorsed knowledge barriers (e.g., lacking awareness about local programs). Professionals' perceived availability barriers were mostly consistent with the actual availability of community resources. Findings highlight the compounding challenges that underserved communities face and point to opportunities for promoting enhanced well‐being and functioning for youth and families with mental health needs.
The genomics and epigenetics of olfactory neuroblastoma: A systematic review
Authors: Kaur Raman Preet , Izumchenko Evgeny , Blakaj Dukagjin M. , Mladkova Nikol , Lechner Matt , Beaumont Thomas L. , Floudas Charalampos S. , Gallia Gary L. , London Nyall R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) or esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignancy of the nasal cavity believed to arise from the olfactory epithelium. The goal of this study was to systematically review the genomics, epigenetics, and cytogenetics of ONB and to understand the potential clinical implications of these studies.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed for articles published before May 2020 using Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria included genomics, cytogenetics, and epigenetics studies on ONB. Exclusion criteria included studies not in English or systematic reviews. Articles and abstracts were reviewed by two independent reviewers to reduce bias during article selection and synthesis of results. Of the 36 studies included in this review, 24 were research articles and 12 were abstracts.ResultsAlthough recurrent mutations among ONB tumors are uncommon, alterations in TP53, DMD, PIK3CA, NF1, CDKN2A, CDKN2C, CTNNB1, EGFR, APC, cKIT, cMET, PDGFRA, CDH1, FH, SMAD4, FGFR3 and IDH2 genes have been reported in several recent studies. In addition, cytogenetic studies revealed that the landscape of chromosomal aberrations varies widely amongst ONB tumors.ConclusionsThe rare character of ONB has limited the sample size available for cytogenetic, genomic, and epigenetic studies and contributes to the limitations of this systematic review. Comprehensive genomic and epigenomic studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate the initial reports summarized in this review and to identify potential therapeutic targets for ONB.
Unraveling the Role of Crystallization Dynamics on Luminescence Characteristics of Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shen Kong‐Chao , Wang Jing‐Kun , Shen Yang , Li Yan‐Qing , Guo Ming‐Lei , Su Zhen‐Huang , Lu Lin‐Yang , Cai Xiao‐Yi , Chen Li , Song Fei , Gao Xing‐Yu , Tang Jian‐Xin , Ueno Nobuo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are one of the most promising materials for optoelectronic applications owing to their unique optoelectronic properties. In the pursuit of achieving the efficient perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the critical role of crystallization dynamics on luminescence properties of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite films has been clarified based on the characterizations of in situ photoelectron spectroscopy, synchrotron‐based grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction, and device fabrication. The crystallinity and crystal orientation of CsPbBr3 perovskite films has been effectively controlled when tuning the underlayer of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) with the ethanolamine modification. The fast crystallization with the formation of pure cubic phase (α‐CsPbBr3) reveals a substantial boost in luminance and device efficiency of PeLEDs, whereas the performance degradation occurs due to the phase transition from α‐CsPbBr3 to orthogonal phase (γ‐CsPbBr3) along with the appearance of PbBr2. The decomposition of organic additives in the perovskite films is a key factor that results in this phase transition, which changes the absorption and band gap as confirmed by the density functional theory calculation. These experimental and theoretical findings provide a better understanding of the crystallization dynamics of perovskite emitters and their influence on device performance by tuning the substrate properties.
Characterization of the biocontrol activity of three bacterial isolates against the phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora
Authors: Dagher Fadi , Nickzad Arvin , Zheng Jie , Hoffmann Maria , Déziel Eric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAntibiotics are sprayed on apple and pear orchards to control, among other pathogens, the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight. As with many other pathogens, we observe the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant strains of E. amylovora. Consequently, growers are looking for alternative solutions to combat fire blight. To find alternatives to antibiotics against this pathogen, we have previously isolated three bacterial strains with antagonistic and extracellular activity against E. amylovora, both in vitro and in planta, corresponding to three different bacterial genera: Here, we identified the inhibitory mode of action of each of the three isolates against E. amylovora. Isolate Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum (now B. velezensis) FL50S produces several secondary metabolites including surfactins, iturins, and fengycins. Specifically, we identified oxydifficidin as the most active against E. amylovora S435. Pseudomonas poae FL10F produces an active extracellular compound against E. amylovora S435 that can be attributed to white‐line‐inducing principle (WLIP), a cyclic lipopeptide belonging to the viscosin subfamily (massetolide E, F, L, or viscosin). Pantoea agglomerans NY60 has a direct cell‐to‐cell antagonistic effect against E. amylovora S435. By screening mutants of this strain generated by random transposon insertion with decreased antagonist activity against strain S435, we identified several defective transposants. Of particular interest was a mutant in a gene coding for a Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) transporter corresponding to a transmembrane protein predicted to be involved in the extracytoplasmic localization of griseoluteic acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the broad‐spectrum phenazine antibiotic D‐alanylgriseoluteic acid.
Darboux transformation of a two‐component generalized Sasa–Satsuma equation and explicit solutions
Authors: Geng Xianguo , Li Yihao , Wei Jiao , Zhai Yunyun 
Published: June 2021

Under investigation in this paper is a two‐component generalized Sasa–Satsuma equation associated with a 4 × 4 matrix spectral problem. We construct Darboux transformation for the two‐component generalized Sasa–Satsuma equation on basis of the gauge transformation between the Lax pairs. The corresponding N‐fold Darboux transformation is derived in terms of both iterative representation and compact determinant form. As applications of the Darboux transformation together with the limit technique, some interesting solutions including traveling soliton solutions, breather soliton solutions, and rogue wave solutions are explicitly obtained and graphically illustrated.
Using neural networks to extend cropped medical images for deformable registration among images with differing scan extents
Authors: McKenzie Elizabeth M. , Tong Nuo , Ruan Dan , Cao Minsong , Chin Robert K. , Sheng Ke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeMissing or discrepant imaging volume is a common challenge in deformable image registration (DIR). To minimize the adverse impact, we train a neural network to synthesize cropped portions of head and neck CT's and then test its use in DIR.MethodsUsing a training dataset of 409 head and neck CT's, we trained a generative adversarial network to take in a cropped 3D image and output an image with synthesized anatomy in the cropped region. The network used a 3D U‐Net generator along with Visual Geometry Group (VGG) deep feature losses. To test our technique, for each of the 53 test volumes, we used Elastix to deformably register combinations of a randomly cropped, full, and synthetically full volume to a single cropped, full, and synthetically full target volume. We additionally tested our method's robustness to crop extent by progressively increasing the amount of cropping, synthesizing the missing anatomy using our network, and then performing the same registration combinations. Registration performance was measured using 95% Hausdorff distance across 16 contours.ResultsWe successfully trained a network to synthesize missing anatomy in superiorly and inferiorly cropped images. The network can estimate large regions in an incomplete image, far from the cropping boundary. Registration using our estimated full images was not significantly different from registration using the original full images. The average contour matching error for full image registration was 9.9 mm, whereas our method was 11.6, 12.1, and 13.6 mm for synthesized‐to‐full, full‐to‐synthesized, and synthesized‐to‐synthesized registrations, respectively. In comparison, registration using the cropped images had errors of 31.7 mm and higher. Plotting the registered image contour error as a function of initial preregistered error shows that our method is robust to registration difficulty. Synthesized‐to‐full registration was statistically independent of cropping extent up to 18.7 cm superiorly cropped. Synthesized‐to‐synthesized registration was nearly independent, with a −0.04 mm of change in average contour error for every additional millimeter of cropping.ConclusionsDifferent or inadequate in scan extent is a major cause of DIR inaccuracies. We address this challenge by training a neural network to complete cropped 3D images. We show that with image completion, the source of DIR inaccuracy is eliminated, and the method is robust to varying crop extent.
A breakthrough from 60 years ago: “General nature of the genetic code for proteins” (1961)
Authors: Cobb Matthew 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 1961, Francis Crick and Sydney Brenner, together with two Cambridge colleagues, published an article in Nature that used simple genetic experiments to demonstrate that the genetic code was almost certainly based on groups of three nucleotides. Six decades later, this article continues to be an inspiration to scientists due to its elegant argumentation and its use of simple, powerful experimentation to reveal fundamental truths about the organisation of living matter. This essay explores how and why the research was carried out, showing how the aims of the experiment gradually changed over time, and highlighting how the intense intellectual interactions between Crick and Brenner contributed to this model of scientific endeavour.
Comparative analyses of rice husk cellulose fiber and kaolin particulate reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch biocomposites using the solution casting technique
Authors: Agyei‐Tuffour Benjamin , Asante Joshua Tuah , Nyankson Emmanuel , Dodoo‐Arhin David , Oteng‐Peprah Michael , Azeko Salifu T. , Azeko Ali Salifu , Oyewole Oluwaseun K. , Yaya Abu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe potential of biodegradable packaging materials from thermoplastic cassava starch (TPS) reinforced with rice husk cellulose fibers (RHCF) and kaolin particulates (KP) using the solution casting method has been presented. This involved the blending of TPS and RHCF/KP in a plasticizer of ~4 ml of glycerol and ~45 ml of distilled water at 125°C and stirred at 60 rpm until a gel was formed. The gel was cast into sheets and bone‐shaped tensile specimens and allowed to dry for 5 days and characterized. The results show a semicrystalline structure for TPS with an ~36% increase in crystallinity after reinforcement. The O‐H bond stretching and the C‐H bending bonds due to starch–glycerol reactions were the common functional groups in TPS–RHCF biocomposites, and Si‐O‐C bonds were characteristics of the silica phase in the kaolin. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) reduced to ~34% with KP reinforcements from ~238 g/m.day to 177 g/m.day and to ~74 g/m.day and ~164% for TPS–RHCF. The strength increased with up to 50 wt% kaolin content; ~0.96 MPa yield strength and ~2.60 MPa ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were recorded. For the RHCF reinforced composites, TPS‐50 wt% also showed high strengths of ~0.96 MPa yield strength and ~3.50 MPa UTS. The WVTR reduced as content of kaolin was increased. Typically, from 0 to 30 wt% volume fraction of kaolin, the WVTR was reduced by ~34% to 177 g/m.day for TPS–kaolin and by ~164% to ~74 g/m.day in TPS–RHCF. The as‐prepared biocomposites have potential as good packaging materials.
Triflic Anhydride (Tf2O): An Efficient Catalyst for Electrophilic Activation of Amides
Authors: Tashrifi Zahra , Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Mohammad , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTf2O (trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride) as an electrophilic reagent has been increasingly attracting the attention of researchers over the last decade due to its capability in synthesizing a variety of N‐heterocycles through activation of amides. This activation is associated with the formation of intermediates such as enolonium, imino/iminium, nitrilium and keteniminium triflate ions and isocyanate species which can lead to the synthesis of different types of N‐heterocycles depending on the nature of the intermediates. In this review, we have summarized and classified the latest research in this area (from 2012 on) based on the type of intermediates produced from the triflic anhydride‐catalyzed activation of amides. The findings are classified into five main categories, namely enolonium, imino/iminium, nitrilium and keteniminium intermediates ions and isocyanate species.
Activity Maintenance Characteristics and Protease Adsorption on Langmuir Monolayer of Organo‐Modified Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Almarasy Ahmed A. , Yamada Yuna , Mashiyama Yuki , Maruyama Haruka , Kimura Yusuke , Fujimori Atsuhio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe activity maintenance characteristics of proteases adsorbed and immobilized on a monolayer of organo‐modified single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were evaluated in this study. After forming a monolayer on the water surface of the organo‐modified SWCNTs, protease was introduced into the subphase, and monolayer immobilization was attained by post‐adsorption. The protease‐adsorbed organo‐SWCNT multilayers were immersed in an aqueous solution of luminescent casein, and fluorescence emission was observed. Proteases had cleaved the molecular chain of luminescent casein, which causes luminescence. Although the protease in the aqueous solution could cleave the molecular chain only up to approximately room temperature, the protease immobilized on the solid substrate could cleave the chain up to 160 °C, indicating sharp emission spectra.
A virtual biobank for companion animals: A parvovirus pilot study
Authors: Smith Shirley L. , Afonso Maria M. , Roberts Larry , Noble Peter‐John M. , Pinchbeck Gina L. , Radford Alan D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground: There is a lack of national population data concerning infectious disease in companion animals. Here, we piloted the feasibility of linking diagnostic laboratories, population surveillance and modern sequencing approaches to extract targeted diagnostic samples from laboratories before they were discarded, as a novel route to better understand national epidemiology of major small animal pathogens.Methods: Samples tested for canine or feline parvovirus were requested from a national veterinary diagnostic laboratory and analysed by Sanger or next generation sequencing. Samples were linked to electronic health data held in the SAVSNET database.Results: Sequences obtained from positive samples, together with associated metadata, provided new insights into the recent geographical distribution of parvovirus strains in circulation in the United Kingdom (UK).Conclusions: This collaboration with industry represents a ‘National Virtual Biobank’ that can rapidly be called on, to efficiently add new layers of epidemiological information of relevance to animal, and potentially human, population health.
Fazit: Das transformative Potenzial der SDGs
Authors: Koch Florian , Krellenberg Kerstin 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungResümierend lässt sich feststellen, dass der transformative Anspruch der Agenda 2030 durch die Umsetzung der SDGs in den Städten aktiv befördert werden kann. So können die Anstrengungen vonseiten der Kommunen zur Umsetzung der SDGs dazu führen, dass sich neue Governance-, Beteiligungs- und Kooperationsformate entwickeln. Durch eine neue Art der Zusammenarbeit können sich die Perspektiven der verschiedenen Akteure verschieben, da durch den holistischen Charakter der SDGs eine integrative Herangehensweise an die komplexen Nachhaltigkeitsdefizite und ein sektorübergreifendes Denken und Handeln unausweichlich ist.
Ist die Polytraumaversorgung im aG-DRG-System defizitär?
Authors: Schopow Nikolas , Botzon Anja , Schneider Kristian , Fuchs Carolin , Josten Christoph , von Dercks Nikolaus , Fakler Johannes , Osterhoff Georg 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die interdisziplinäre Versorgung von polytraumatisierten PatientInnen ist personal- und ressourcenaufwendig. Seit der Einführung des G‑DRG-Systems 2003 in Deutschland wurde in den meisten Untersuchungen ein finanzielles Defizit in der Schwerstverletztenversorgung festgestellt. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Auswirkungen des 2020 neu eingeführten aG-DRG-Systems auf die Kostendeckung in der Schwerverletztenbehandlung zu analysieren. Erstmals wurden auch die Kosten für Organisation, Zertifizierung und Dokumentation sowie die Kosten für nicht schwer verletzte SchockraumpatientInnen betrachtet.

Methodik
Eingeschlossen wurden alle PatientInnen, die im Jahr 2017 im chirurgischen Schockraum der Zentralen Notaufnahme des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig behandelt wurden. Für die Analyse wurden das Kostenmodell nach Pape et al. um die Module Organisation, Dokumentation und Zertifizierung ergänzt sowie die Kosten für „übertriagierte“ PatientInnen betrachtet. Es erfolgte die Berechnung der Kosten in den Jahren 2017–2020 im Vergleich der jeweiligen Erlöse.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 834 PatientInnen im Schockraum behandelt. Die 258 schwer verletzten PatientInnen wurden in 3 Gruppen untergliedert: „ISS 9–15 + ITS“ (n 72; ∅ ISS 11,9; Kosten/PatientIn 14.715 €), „ISS ≥ 16“ (n 186; ∅ ISS 27,7; Kosten/PatientIn 30.718 €) und „DRG-Polytrauma“ (n 59; ∅ ISS 32,4; Kosten/PatientIn 26.102 €).

Schlussfolgerung
Die Polytraumaversorgung im aG-DRG 2020 ist defizitär. Insgesamt entstand im Jahr 2020 ein Defizit von 5858 € pro schwer verletztem/verletzter PatientIn.
The determinant factors for macroinvertebrate assemblages in a recreational river in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Authors: Azis Mohd Noorazhan , Abas Azlan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe determinant factors for macroinvertebrate assemblages in river ecosystems are varied and are unique and specific to the type of macroinvertebrate family. This study aims to assess the determinant factors for macroinvertebrate assemblages in a recreational river. The study was conducted on the Ulu Bendul River, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. A total of ten sampling stations were selected. The research methodology included (1) water quality measurement, (2) habitat characterization, and (3) macroinvertebrate identification and distribution analysis. The statistical analysis used in this study was canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to represent the relationship between the environmental factors and macroinvertebrate assemblages in the recreational river. This study found that most of the families of macroinvertebrates were very dependent on the temperature, DO, NH3-N, type of riverbed, etc. All of these factors are important for the survival of the particular type of macroinvertebrate, plus they are also important for selecting egg-laying areas and providing suitable conditions for the larvae to grow. This study advises that improved landscape design for watershed management be implemented in order to enhance water quality and physical habitats, and hence the protection and recovery of the macroinvertebrate biodiversity.
Effect of Total Pressure and Furnace Tube Material on the Oxidation of T22 in Humidified Air
Authors: Schlereth Clara , Galetz Mathias C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOxidation of the Fe-base alloy T22 in humid air at 500 °C was investigated. The samples were exposed for up to 1000 h at 1 bar and 20 bar. The influence of three furnace tube materials, alumina, ET45 and quartz glass, on the oxide scale morphology was investigated. Samples and their cross sections were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe micro analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Multilayered oxide scales consisting of hematite, magnetite and Fe–Cr spinel were found on all samples. However, the composition and morphology of the oxide scales depend on the furnace tube material and on the system pressure. The system pressure is assumed to change the reaction equilibria and adsorption rates. The tube material changed the initial gas composition by formation of volatile Cr species. This volatilization rate increased at higher system pressures.
Sleep quality and COVID-19 outcomes: the evidence-based lessons in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medicine
Authors: Richter Kneginja , Kellner Stefanie , Hillemacher Thomas , Golubnitschaja Olga 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSleep quality and duration play a pivotal role in maintaining physical and mental health. In turn, sleep shortage, deprivation and disorders are per evidence the risk factors and facilitators of a broad spectrum of disorders, amongst others including depression, stroke, chronic inflammation, cancers, immune defence insufficiency and individual predisposition to infection diseases with poor outcomes, for example, related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Keeping in mind that COVID-19-related global infection distribution is neither the first nor the last pandemic severely affecting societies around the globe to the costs of human lives accompanied with enormous economic burden, lessons by predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medical approach are essential to learn and to follow being better prepared to defend against global pandemics. To this end, under extreme conditions such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, the reciprocal interrelationship between the sleep quality and individual outcomes becomes evident, namely, at the levels of disease predisposition, severe versus mild disease progression, development of disease complications, poor outcomes and related mortality for both - population and healthcare givers. The latter is the prominent example clearly demonstrating the causality of severe outcomes, when the long-lasting work overload and shift work rhythm evidently lead to the sleep shortage and/or deprivation that in turn causes immune response insufficiency and strong predisposition to the acute infection with complications. This article highlights and provides an in-depth analysis of the concerted risk factors related to the sleep disturbances under the COVID-19 pandemic followed by the evidence-based recommendations in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised medical approach.