bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of CMAS resistant bixbyite structured high-entropy oxides RE2O3 (RE = Sm, Eu, Er, Lu, Y, and Yb): Promising environmental barrier coating materials for Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites
Authors: Sun Yanan , Xiang Huimin , Dai Fu-Zhi , Wang Xiaohui , Xing Yan , Zhao Xiaojun , Zhou Yanchun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractY2O3 is regarded as one of the potential environmental barrier coating (EBC) materials for Al2O3f/Al2O3 ceramic matrix composites owing to its high melting point and close thermal expansion coefficient to Al2O3. However, the relatively high thermal conductivity and unsatisfactory calcium-magnesium-aluminosilicate (CMAS) resistance are the main obstacles for the practical application of Y2O3. In order to reduce the thermal conductivity and increase the CMAS resistance, four cubic bixbyite structured high-entropy oxides RE2O3, including (Eu0.2Er0.2Lu0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)2O3, (Sm0.2Er0.2Lu0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)2O3, (Sm0.2Eu0.2Er0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)2O3, and (Sm0.2Eu0.2Lu0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)2O3 were designed and synthesized, among which (Eu0.2Er0.2Lu0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)2O3 and (Sm0.2Er0.2Lu0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)2O3 bulks were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) to investigate their mechanical and thermal properties as well as CMAS resistance. The mechanical properties of (Eu0.2Er0.2Lu0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)2O3 and (Sm0.2Er0.2Lu0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)2O3 are close to those of Y2O3 but become more brittle than Y2O3. The thermal conductivities of (Eu0.2Er0.2Lu0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)2O3 and (Sm0.2Er0.2Lu0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)2O3 (5.1 and 4.6 W·m−1·K−1) are only 23.8% and 21.5% respectively of that of Y2O3 (21.4 W·m−1·K−1), while their thermal expansion coefficients are close to those of Y2O3 and Al2O3. Most importantly, HE RE2O3 ceramics exhibit good CMAS resistance. After being attacked by CMAS at 1350 °C for 4 h, the HE RE2O3 ceramics maintain their original morphologies without forming pores or cracks, making them promising as EBC materials for Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites.
Adolescents as active managers of their own psychological needs: The role of psychological need crafting in adolescents’ mental health
Authors: Laporte Nele , Soenens Bart , Brenning Katrijn , Vansteenkiste Maarten 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionSatisfaction of adolescents' basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness contributes to their well‐being. Socialization figures (e.g., parents) can assist adolescents in getting these needs met. In addition, adolescents can engage in need crafting, thereby proactively managing their behavior towards improved need satisfaction. This research aimed to develop a need crafting measure and to examine the role of need crafting in adolescents’ need‐based experiences and mental health.MethodA cross‐sectional study in 233 Flemish students (Study 1; Mage = 16.6, 58.4% female) addressed the psychometric properties of a need crafting measure and its associations with relevant constructs. Using a three‐wave longitudinal study in 436 Flemish students (Study 2; Mage = 16.33, 66,0% female), we investigated the role of need crafting in adolescents’ mental health and the intervening role of need‐based experiences.ResultsIn Study 1, a CFA yielded evidence for the psychometric quality of the need crafting measure. Need crafting was related in meaningful ways with different validation constructs and with adolescents' need‐based experiences. Study 2 showed that need crafting was related to adolescents’ mental health, both at the level of inter‐individual differences and at the level of intra‐individual change. Need‐based experiences accounted partly for the mental health benefits associated with need crafting, with the effects remaining significant after controlling for perceived maternal need‐support.ConclusionThe findings provide initial evidence for the importance of adolescents' need crafting in mental health. Future research needs to further examine factors that determine adolescents’ ability to manage their own psychological needs.
Can the historical gender gap index deepen our understanding of economic development?
Authors: Perrin Faustine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the long relationship between gender equality and economic growth is hampered by the lack of information and resources on the various dimensions of gender equality. This paper is a first attempt to assess the size of the gender gap and investigate its relationship with economic growth from a historical perspective. Exploiting a unique census-based dataset of 86 French counties in the mid-nineteenth century, I construct a historical gender gap index measuring the size of the gap between men and women in three critical areas: economic opportunities, educational attainment, and health. A county comparison allows me to identify the strengths and weaknesses of French counties in closing the gender gap. I find that France can be divided into two main areas, the North and the South. In particular, the Northern counties that have done most to narrow the gap display better economic performance. Boys' and girls' education and family structures appear to be crucial determinants of gender equality. Gender equality is positively and significantly associated with economic performance. Accounting for the multi-dimensions of gender equality is crucial for economic development.
Son preference and the fertility squeeze in India
Authors: Aksan Anna-Maria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIndia's sex ratio at birth (SRB) has become increasingly masculine, coinciding with a declining total fertility rate. Couples often resort to sex-selective abortion or even infanticide to ensure the birth of a son. We use household-level data from all four waves of India's National Family Health Survey (NFHS) to investigate the effect of India's demographic transition on the SRB. Mixed-effects logit regression analysis demonstrates that since the early 1990s, the probability of a third-order birth being male is decreasing in the number of sons previously born, while for second-order births, this effect does not become apparent until the 2000s. Accounting for geographic heterogeneity in the fertility transition, we find additional heterogeneity in son preference and sex selection at the village/neighborhood level. This heterogeneity has strengthened over time at both second- and third-order births and in more and less gender skewed regions of the country, suggesting potential convergence in sex ratios across India. By incorporating the most recent 2015–16 round of the NFHS, we demonstrate that previously documented trends in sex selection continue, and additionally that sex selection is increasingly occurring at lower parities as the desire for a smaller family combines with the traditional preference for sons.
Petrogenesis and tectonic implication of the lower Silurian high-Sr/Y subvolcanic rocks from the South Qilian suture zone in the Qilian Orogen, NW China
Authors: He Xiaohu , Fu Changlei , Yan Zhen , Wang Bingzhang , Niu Manlan , Li Xiucai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs the remnant of the South Qilian Ocean, the South Qilian suture zone recorded abundant information on the Cambrian–Ordovician subduction history of the southern branch of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean. However, the closure timing of the South Qilian Ocean and subsequent collision are poorly constrained. In this study, we report early Silurian (433–435 Ma) U–Pb ages of felsic subvolcanic rocks from Lianhuashan, Ayishan and Shihuiyao of the Lajishan district within the South Qilian suture zone. They intruded the Late Ordovician – Silurian sedimentary or Late Ordovician volcanic rocks and have high SiO2(61.43–73.06 wt%), Sr/Y ratios with significant different rare earth elements (REEs) and trace-element spider diagrams, and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, probably implying that they were formed through distinctly different generation mechanisms. Geochemistry of the Lianhuashan dacites reveals compositions typical of adakitic rocks derived from partial melting of lower crust in a thickened setting. The Ayishan dacites were derived from partial melting of crustal materials with the involvement of minor peridotite mantle, and the Shihuiyao rhyolites were derived from partial melting of felsic crust. The similar geochemical characteristics of coeval post-collisional igneous rocks in the Central Qilian and South Qilian blocks indicates that the lower Silurian subvolcanic rocks were generated in a thickened crust of post-collisional setting. Considering their intrusive contacts with Late Ordovician – Silurian retro-foreland basin and Late Ordovician collisional volcanic rocks, we propose that the South Qilian suture zone was at a transitional stage from collisional to post-collisional during the early Silurian Period.
Utility of whole-genome sequencing during an investigation of multiple foodborne outbreaks of Shigella sonnei
Authors: Mikhail Amy F. W. , Pereboom Monique , Utsi Lara , Hawker Jeremy , Lighthill Jonathan , Aird Heather , Swindlehurst Mark , Greig David R. , Jenkins Claire , Godbole Gauri , Elson Richard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In April 2018, Public Health England was notified of cases of Shigella sonnei who had eaten food from three different catering outlets in England. The outbreaks were initially investigated as separate events, but whole-genome sequencing (WGS) showed they were caused by the same strain. The investigation included analyses of epidemiological data, the food chain and microbiological examination of food samples. WGS was used to determine the phylogenetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance profile of the outbreak strain. Ultimately, 33 cases were linked to this outbreak; the majority had eaten food from seven outlets specialising in Indian or Middle Eastern cuisine. Five outlets were linked to two or more cases, all of which used fresh coriander although a shared supplier was not identified. An investigation at one of the venues recorded that 86% of cases reported eating dishes with coriander as an ingredient or garnish. Four cases were admitted to hospital and one had evidence of treatment failure with ciprofloxacin. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the outbreak strain was part of a wider multidrug-resistant clade associated with travel to Pakistan. Poor hygiene practices during cultivation, distribution or preparation of fresh produce are likely contributing factors.
COVID-19 Changed the Injury Patterns of Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Rozenfeld Michael , Peleg Kobi , Givon Adi , Bala Miklosh , Shaked Gad , Bahouth Hany , Bodas Moran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Injury patterns are closely related to changes in behavior. Pandemics and measures undertaken against them may cause changes in behavior; therefore, changes in injury patterns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak can be expected when compared to the parallel period in previous years.Study Objective:The aim of this study was to compare injury-related hospitalization patterns during the overall national lockdown period with parallel periods of previous years.Methods:A retrospective study was completed of all patients hospitalized from March 15 through April 30, for years 2016-2020. Data were obtained from 21 hospitals included in the national trauma registry during the study years. Clinical, demographic, and circumstantial parameters were compared amongst the years of the study.Results:The overall volume of injured patients significantly decreased during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 outbreak, with the greatest decrease registered for road traffic collisions (RTCs). Patients’ sex and ethnic compositions did not change, but a smaller proportion of children were hospitalized during the outbreak. Many more injuries were sustained at home during the outbreak, with proportions of injuries in all other localities significantly decreased. Injuries sustained during the COVID-19 outbreak were more severe, specifically due to an increase in severe injuries in RTCs and falls. The proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalizations did not change, however more surgeries were performed; patients stayed less days in hospital.Conclusions:The lockdown period of the COVID-19 outbreak led to a significant decrease in number of patients hospitalized due to trauma as compared to parallel periods of previous years. Nevertheless, trauma remains a major health care concern even during periods of high-impact disease outbreaks, in particular due to increased proportion of severe injuries and surgeries.
Substitution of pure fruit juice for fruit and sugar-sweetened beverages and cardiometabolic risk in European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-NL: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Scheffers Floor R , Boer Jolanda MA , Wijga Alet H , van der Schouw Yvonne T , Smit Henriëtte A , Verschuren WM Monique 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:Dietary guidelines on pure fruit juice differ between countries regarding the question whether pure fruit juice (without added sugars) is an acceptable substitute for fruit or should be avoided because of its comparable sugar content with that of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). We modelled whether substituting pure fruit juice for fruit or SSB was associated with cardiometabolic risk.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:Based on a validated FFQ at baseline, we calculated the relative contribution of pure fruit juice to total consumption of fruit and pure fruit juice (${{{\rm{pure}}\;{\rm{fruit}}\;{\rm{juice}}\;\;\left( {{\rm{g}}/{\rm{day}}} \right)} \over {{\rm{fruit}}\; + \;{\rm{pure}}\;{\rm{fruit}}\;{\rm{juice}}\;\left( {{\rm{g}}/{\rm{day}}} \right)}}$) and to total consumption of SSB and pure fruit juice (${{{\rm{pure}}\;{\rm{fruit}}\;{\rm{juice}}\;\;\left( {{\rm{g}}/{\rm{day}}} \right)} \over {{\rm{SSBs}}\; + \;{\rm{pure}}\;{\rm{fruit}}\;{\rm{juice}}\;\left( {{\rm{g}}/{\rm{day}}} \right)}}$). In multivariate analyses (Cox regression), we assessed associations with incidence of type 2 diabetes, CVD, CHD and stroke after an average follow-up of 14·6 years.Participants:About 35 000 participants from the EPIC-NL study, aged 20–70 years at enrolment.Results:Substitution of pure fruit juice for SSB was associated with lower risk of all endpoints. For type 2 diabetes and CHD, for example, drinking 75–100 % (as compared with 0–<25 %) of total SSB + pure fruit juice as pure fruit juice showed hazard ratio (95 % CI) of 0·74 (95 % CI 0·64, 0·85) and 0·85 (95 % CI 0·76, 0·96), respectively. Substitution of pure fruit juice for fruit was not associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes, CVD, CHD and stroke.Conclusions:Substituting pure fruit juice for SSB was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk, whereas substituting pure fruit juice for fruit was not associated with cardiometabolic risk.
Social security and endogenous demographic change: child support and retirement policies
Authors: Cipriani Giam Pietro , Fioroni Tamara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper studies retirement and child support policies in a small, open, overlapping-generations economy with PAYG social security and endogenous retirement and fertility decisions. It demonstrates that neither fertility nor retirement choices necessarily coincide with socially optimal allocation, because agents do not take into account the externalities of fertility and the elderly labor supply in the economy as a whole. It shows that governments can realize the first-best allocation by introducing a child allowance scheme and a subsidy to incentivize the labor supply of older workers. As an alternative to subsidizing the elderly labor supply, we show that the first-best allocation can also be achieved by controlling the retirement age. Finally, the model is simulated in order to study whether the policies devoted to realizing the social optimum in a market economy could be a Pareto improvement.
End of life communication among caregivers of children with cancer: A qualitative approach to understanding support desired by families
Authors: Kenney Ansley E. , Bedoya Sima Zadeh , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Young-Saleme Tammi , Wiener Lori 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesClinicians and parents are encouraged to have open and honest communication about end of life with children with cancer, yet there remains limited research in this area. We examined family communication and preferred forms of support among bereaved caregivers of children with cancer.MethodsBereaved caregivers were recruited through a closed social media group to complete an online survey providing retrospective reports of end of life communication with their child and preferences for communication support from health-care providers. The sample of 131 participants was mostly female (77.9%; n = 102) with an average age of 49.15 (SD = 8.03) years. Deceased children were of an average age of 12.42 years (SD = 6.01) and nearly 90% of children died within 5 years of diagnosis.ResultsMost caregivers spoke with their child about their prognosis (61.8%; n = 131) and death (66.7%; n = 99). Half of children (48%; n = 125) asked about death, particularly older children (51.9% ≥12 years; p = 0.03). Asking about dying was related to having conversations about prognosis (p ≤ 0.001) and death (p ≤ 0.001). Most caregivers (71.8%; n = 94) wanted support to talk to their children. Fewer wanted providers to speak to children directly (12.2%; n = 16) or to be present while caregivers spoke to the child (19.8%; n = 26). Several themes emerged from a content analysis of open-ended responses regarding preferences for provider support.Significance of resultsMost caregivers discussed issues pertaining to end of life irrespective of demographic or medical factors. Qualitative themes provide insight into support desired by families to help with these difficult conversations.
SCALODEEP: A Highly Generalized Deep Learning Framework for Real‐Time Earthquake Detection
Authors: Saad Omar M. , Huang Guangtan , Chen Yunfeng , Savvaidis Alexandros , Fomel Sergey , Pham Nam , Chen Yangkang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe detection of earthquake signals is a fundamental yet challenging task in observational seismology. A robust automatic earthquake detection algorithm is strongly demanded in view of the ever‐growing global seismic dataset. Here, we develop an automatic earthquake detection framework based on a deep learning approach (SCALODEEP). It extracts high‐order features embedded in three‐component seismograms by encoding a time‐frequency representation of the data (scalogram) into a deep network with skip connections. The SCALODEEP is trained and validated on an open‐source dataset from North California, and then employed to seismicity detection in four areas, including Arkansas, Japan, Texas, and Egypt. Despite vastly varying characteristics of regional earthquakes (e.g., focal mechanism, duration, and noise level), SCALODEEP successfully detects seismic signals over a broad range of local magnitudes (as low as −1.3) and outperforms conventional algorithms such as STA/LTA, FAST, and template matching. Compared to recently proposed deep learning based frameworks (e.g., CRED and Earthquake transformer), SCALODEEP achieves a superior generalization ability via a sophisticated network architecture. In summary, our study offers a promising new tool to improve existing earthquake detection systems and, as importantly, sheds light on designing an effective deep learning network for generalized earthquake detection.
Patient-Reported Experiences With Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: Resilience and Resources Required
Authors: Stiles-Shields Colleen , Osos Sylwia , Sunnquist Madison L. , Mak Grace Zee , Skelly Christopher L. , Drossos Tina 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a vascular condition that is treated surgically. MALS is a diagnosis of exclusion and therefore often requires that pediatric patients undergo an exhaustive number of tests and potential experiences with misdiagnosis before receiving an accurate diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of the current mixed-methods study was to assess the pediatric patient- and parent-reported experience of (a) coping with and managing symptoms associated with MALS and (b) the diagnostic, treatment, and recovery process for pediatric MALS. Methods: Nine postsurgical pediatric patients ( M age = 20.11 ± 3.59; all <18 at time of surgery) and 6 parents participated in semistructured focus groups and completed self-report questionnaires about their experiences and current functioning. Results: Four themes emerged: (a) the impact of MALS (physical and psychosocial), (b) uncertainties and feeling misunderstood, (c) extensive medical tests, and (d) mental health impacts, with an additional three themes related to specific querying (i.e., appreciation, recommendations, and interdisciplinary treatment team). With the exception of variable long-term physical impacts, patients and their parents reported fairly consistent experiences, and the content of these themes was consistent with self-reported quantitative data. Conclusions: The current study highlights the resilience and resources seemingly required for effective diagnosis and intervention for pediatric MALS. The need for increased knowledge about MALS, the inclusion of an interdisciplinary treatment team, and long-term follow-up for pediatric patients with MALS are implicated. Implications for Impact Statement Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a frequently overlooked cause of chronic abdominal pain. As a diagnosis of exclusion, pediatric patients must undergo exhaustive medical testing to receive care and are often told that their pain does not have a physical etiology. Patients and their families want for providers to become more knowledgeable of MALS and to demonstrate belief in patients’ reported symptom experience.
Antibiotic resistome from the One-Health perspective: understanding and controlling antimicrobial resistance transmission
Authors: Kim Dae-Wi , Cha Chang-Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe concept of the antibiotic resistome was introduced just over a decade ago, and since then, active resistome studies have been conducted. In the present study, we describe the previously established concept of the resistome, which encompasses all types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and the important findings from each One-Health sector considering this concept, thereby emphasizing the significance of the One-Health approach in understanding ARG transmission. Cutting-edge research methodologies are essential for deciphering the complex resistome structure in the microbiomes of humans, animals, and the environment. Based on the recent achievements of resistome studies in multiple One-Health sectors, future directions for resistome research have been suggested to improve the understanding and control of ARG transmission: (1) ranking the critical ARGs and their hosts; (2) understanding ARG transmission at the interfaces of One-Health sectors; (3) identifying selective pressures affecting the emergence, transmission, and evolution of ARGs; and (4) elucidating the mechanisms that allow an organism to overcome taxonomic barriers in ARG transmission.
Zebrafish as an animal model for biomedical research
Authors: Choi Tae-Young , Choi Tae-Ik , Lee Yu-Ri , Choe Seong-Kyu , Kim Cheol-Hee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractZebrafish have several advantages compared to other vertebrate models used in modeling human diseases, particularly for large-scale genetic mutant and therapeutic compound screenings, and other biomedical research applications. With the impactful developments of CRISPR and next-generation sequencing technology, disease modeling in zebrafish is accelerating the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human genetic diseases. These efforts are fundamental for the future of precision medicine because they provide new diagnostic and therapeutic solutions. This review focuses on zebrafish disease models for biomedical research, mainly in developmental disorders, mental disorders, and metabolic diseases.