bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescein-Bridged Perylene Bisimide Dimer for Use as Liquid Crystal: Studies on Mesomorphic and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Zhu Mingguang , Chen Meihui , Guo Hongyu , Yang Fafu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A novel fluorescein-bridged perylene bisimide (PBI) dimer for liquid crystal (LC) with geometrically symmetric structure was developed. The mesomorphic results indicated that the energetically stable and unstable conformers of fluorescein fragments could lead to the transformation of mesophases from a hexagonal columnar mesophase to an uncertain phase at 136.9 °C in heating, whilst a stable hexagonal columnar mesophase maintained between 175.6 °C and 58.6 °C in cooling. The selectively excited fluorescence characters in THF solution demonstrated that the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect between fluorescein fragments and PBI unites could provide a means to effectively impose strong fluorescence of the dimeric PBIs modified with suitable chromophore at the N-imide position, which alternatively serves as a platform for the further study of multi-functional PBI-based LCs.
Circulating circRNA as Biomarkers For Dilated Cardiomyopathy Etiology
Authors: Costa* Marina , Calderon-Dominguez* Maria , Mangas Alipio , Campuzano Oscar , Sarquella-Brugada Georgia , Ramos Monica , Quezada-Feijoo Maribel , Pinilla José Manuel García , Robles-Mezcua Ainhoa , Belmonte Thalia , Enguita Francisco J , Toro Rocio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the third most common cause of heart failure. The multidisciplinary nature of testing, -involving genetics, imaging, or cardiovascular techniques-, makes its diagnosis challenging. Novel and reliable biomarkers are needed for early identification and tailored personalized management. Peripheral circular RNAs (circRNAs), a leading research topic, remain mostly unexplored in DCM. We aimed to assess whether peripheral circRNAs are expressed differentially among etiology-based DCM. The study was based on a case-control multicentric study. Methods: We enrolled 130 subjects: healthy controls (n=20), idiopathic DCM (n=30), ischemic DCM (n=20) and familial DCM patients which included pathogen variants of i) LMNA gene (n=30) and ii) BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) gene (n=30). Differentially expressed circRNAs were analyzed in plasma samples by quantitative RT-PCR and correlated to relevant systolic and diastolic parameters. The pathophysiological implications were explored through bioinformatics tools. Results: Four circRNAs were overexpressed compared to controls: hsa_circ_0003258, hsa_circ_0051238, and hsa_circ_0051239 in LMNA-related DCM; and hsa_circ_0089762 in the ischemic DCM cohort. The obtained areas under the curve confirm the discriminative capacity of circRNAs. Conclusions: The circRNAs correlated with some diastolic and systolic echocardiographic parameters with notable diagnostic potential in DCM. Circulating circRNAs may be helpful for the etiology-based diagnosis of DCM as a non-invasive biomarker.
Word Formation of Dawro, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Bulcha Abraham 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study attempted to describe and analyze the derivational morphology of Dawro, an Omotic language that belongs to the North Ometo cluster (Fleming, 1976) in Southern Nation Nationalities and People Regional State. The study examines the word formation processes involved in the derivation of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and compounding and reduplication. To that end the researcher used descriptive research type through qualitative approaches used to collect and analyses the data. Consequently, primary data on word formation processes was collected through unstructured linguistic data elicitation tool to the selected six key informants. The study, investigated the processes of nominalization, including the derivation of manner, abstract, action and result nominal derivations. Regarding derivation of verbs, the study presents the derivation of causative, passives and reciprocals. In the formation of adjectival, the study analyses adjectives formed from different derivational suffixes, such as -ttiya, -ma, -a, -o, -e, -iya and -anča. The study also discussed the processes of compounding, the formation of compound nouns and compound adjectives. Concerning the process of reduplication, the study examined that the formation of reduplication of the adverbs and nouns that refer to time. Besides, the phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic features of the derivatives and compounds are considered in this study. For all kinds of word formation, rules have been provided.
Amelioration of hemophilia B through CRISPR/Cas9 induced homology-independent targeted integration
Authors: Li Dali , Chen Xi , Niu Xuran , Liu Yang , Zheng Rui , Wang Liren , Yang Lei , Lu Jian , Yin Shuming , Shao Yanjiao , Wei Yu , Pan Jiahao , Sayed Ahmed , Ma Xueyun , Liu Meizhen , Jing Fengxiang , Liu Mingyao , Hu Jiazhi , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Site-specific integration of exogenous gene through genome editing is a promising strategy for gene therapy. However, homology-directed repair (HDR) only occurring in proliferating cells is inefficient especially in vivo. To investigate the efficacy of Cas9-induced homology-independent targeted integration (HITI) strategy for gene therapy, a rat hemophilia B model was generated and employed. Through HITI, a DNA sequence encoding the last exon of rat Albumin (rAlb) gene fused with a high-specific-activity Factor IX variant (R338L) using T2A, was inserted into the last intron of rAlb via recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV). The knock-in efficiency reached up to 3.66% determined by ddPCR. The clotting time was reduced to normal level 4 weeks after treatment, and the circulating FIX level was gradually increased up to 52% of normal during 9 months even after partial hepatectomy, demonstrating the amelioration of hemophilia. Through PEM-seq, no significant off-targeting effect was detected. Moreover, this study provides a promising therapeutic approach for hereditary diseases.
Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Post-Kasai Portoenterostomy Prognosis of Biliary Atresia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: He Lin , Ip Dennis Kai Ming , Tam Greta , Lui Vincent Chi Hang , Tam Paul Kwong Hang , Chung Patrick Ho Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives

To evaluate the accuracy of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) and prognostic stratification after Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE).
Methods

We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and OVID for English literatures reporting BA biomarkers published before August, 2020. Biomarkers selected for study was based on a good evidence-level (better than Grade B, level 2b). Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were done in duplicate.
Results

A total of 51 eligible studies were involved for systematic review, and data from 12 of them (4182 subjects) were extracted for meta-analysis in the following 2 domains: (1) serum matrix metallopeptidase-7 (MMP-7), interleukin33 (IL-33) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to differentiate BA from non-BA; and (2) aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRi) to predict post-KPE liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. Summary sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) of MMP-7 for diagnosing BA were 96%, 91% and 0.9847, respectively. Summary sensitivity and specificity of IL-33 for diagnosing BA were 77% and 85%, respectively. Summary sensitivity, specificity and AUC of GGT for diagnosing BA were 80%, 79% and 0.9645, respectively. Summary sensitivity and specificity of APRi for predicting post-KPE liver fibrosis were 61% and 80%, respectively. Summary sensitivity, specificity and AUC of APRi for predicting post-KPE cirrhosis were 78%, 83% and 0.8729, respectively. Moreover, good evidence-level was shown in the investigations of serum IL-18 and IL-33 in distinguishing BA from healthy control, serum IL-18 for prognosing post-KPE persistent jaundice, and serum hyaluronic acid and MMP-7 for prognosing post-KPE significant liver fibrosis.
Conclusions

MMP-7, IL-33 and GGT are useful biomarker to assist the diagnosis of BA. APRi could be used to predict post-KPE significant liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. These non-invasive biomarkers could be integrated into the management protocol of BA.
Predicting Mortality in Adult Patients With Sepsis in the Emergency Department by Using Combinations of Biomarkers and Clinical Scoring Systems: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Tong-Minh Kirby , Welten Iris , Endeman Henrik , Hagenaars Tjebbe , Ramakers Christian , Gommers Diederik , Gorp Eric van , Does Yuri van der 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
IntroductionSepsis can be detected in an early stage in the emergency department (ED) by biomarkers and clinical scoring systems. A combination of multiple biomarkers or biomarker with clinical scoring system might result in a higher predictive value on mortality. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the available literature on combinations of biomarkers and clinical scoring systems on 1-month mortality in patients with sepsis in the ED.MethodsWe performed a systematic search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar. Articles were included if they evaluated at least one biomarker combined with another biomarker or clinical scoring system and reported the prognostic accuracy on 28 or 30 day mortality by area under the curve (AUC) in patients with sepsis. ResultsWe included 18 articles in which a total of 35 combinations of biomarkers and clinical scoring systems were studied, of which 33 unique combinations. In total, seven different clinical scoring systems and 21 different biomarkers were investigated. The combination of procalcitonin (PCT), lactate, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Simplified Acute Physiology Score-2 (SAPS-2) resulted in the highest AUC on 1-month mortality. ConclusionThe combination of PCT, IL-6, lactate and the SAPS-2 score had the highest AUC on 1-month mortality in patients with sepsis in the ED. The studies we found in this review were too heterogeneous to conclude that a certain combination it should be used in the ED to predict 1-month mortality in patients with sepsis.
Novel mathematical approach to covid-19 studies with reproduction-like number and acceleration parameter
Authors: Rebhan Eckhard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To study the progression of a pandemic, the cumulative case numbers Zn,
assigned to discrete time steps tn, are transferred into a continuously differentiable
function Z(t) by means of a best least squares fit. In this setting, a reproduction-
like number is introduced which is easily applicable to many different situations due
to its handy analytical form. It can be understood as a cross between a volatile in-
stantaneous reproduction number and the more robust effective reproduction number
commonly used. Starting from it, a further quantity, termed acceleration parameter,
is introduced, which facilitates a more differentiated characterization of the infection
dynamics. In particular, it allows to determine precisely when the limit to exponential
growth is reached and exceeded. In this context, the frequently encountered equaliza-
tion of dangerous and exponential growth of the infection numbers is shown to be
rather misleading. Hence it is extensively studied how different kinds of growth can
be correctly described. In many situations exponential growth is just a timeless tran-
sient between sub- and super-exponential growth, and, quite generally, it proves to
be much more complex than commonly assumed. It turned out useful to incorporate
the incidence as a further epidemiological indicator, and for comparison purposes the
effective reproduction number is also included. A close relationship is found between
the two. In addition, the incidence is used for calculating the trace that the progres-
sion of the pandemic leaves behind on a plain spanned by itself and the acceleration
parameter. This plane can be divided into a dangerous area, where the pandemic is
uncontrollable, and a safer area that must be the target of mitigation efforts. At present,
many countries and the world as a whole are mired in the dangerous area. The latter
was chosen as an example for all applications to the covid-19 pandemic.
Moisture Characteristics of Improved Gravelly Guest Soil for Bio-slope-engineering
Authors: Zhang Junyun , Chen Siyuan , He Zhuoling 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the reasonable proportion of guest soil in bio-slope-engineering by means of proportional experiments. In the experiment, rubble and improved materials such as peat and water-retaining agent were selected to study the effect of peat and water-retaining agent content on moisture constant, permeability coefficient and water absorption rate of guest soil.The measurements showed that peat and absorbent agent improve effective water capacity and water absorption speed of guest soil, thus guest soil absorb and hold more effective water; however, with the increase of peat content, wilting moisture capacity of guest soil will increase and its permeability coefficient will also enlarge, which is a disadvantage to plants survival in drought conditions and slope stability in rainy seasons. According to guest soil’s proportional experiments and field test, the favorable amount of rubble, peat, absorbent agent and aggregate agent, is 80%, 20%, 1.0‰ and 1.0‰, respectively, and the reasonable content of fertilizer in guest soil is 100 g/m2. The results may guide the design and construction of Guest soil spraying for bio- slope-engineering.
Evaluation of extreme precipitation in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China using a 1.5 km mesh convection‑permitting regional climate model
Authors: Dong Guangtao , Jiang Zhiyu , Wang Ya , Tian Zhan , Liu Junguo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Realistic representation of rainfall characteristics on local scales by state-of-the-art climate models remains a key challenge, especially on sub-daily timescales. In this study, the convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model configured with 1.5 km grid spacing is used to simulate precipitation on sub-daily timescales over the Yangtze River Delta Region of China for continuous 10 years (2005–2014). The simulations are compared with rain gauge observations, reanalysis data, and the simulations of a lower resolution WRF with 9 km grid spacing that has a parameterization of convection. The results show that precipitation over the region can be well captured by using the convection-permitting model (CPM). Furthermore, the intensity, duration and coverage of these precipitation events can be more accurately described by the CPM. On the convection timescales of 1–4 hours, especially for heavy rainfall events, the CPM is more accurate than the convection-parameterized model in capturing the short-duration events, which may be due to its better account of physical processes related to the convection on the convection-permitting scale. In addition, the extreme events which are more localized and with short-duration can be represented better by the CPM while the convection-parameterized model tends to produce widespread precipitation events covering more grid cells than observations Biases of the simulation by the 9-km mesh convection-parameterized mode appear to be related to the deficiencies in the representation of convections.
Identification&nbsp;of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash&nbsp;(FABA) Hazardous Waste Generation From the Industrial Sector and Its Reduction Management in Indonesia
Authors: Widyarsana I Made Wahyu , Tambunan Suci Ameliya , Mulyadi Aurilia Ayuanda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With increasing economic growth and urbanization, it is estimated that the amount of waste in Indonesia will increase. One big player in the industrial sector is the energy procurement industry. This research was conducted to determine the generation of fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) in Indonesia using 3 (three) data approaches: (1) the industrial production capacity of the energy supply sector in the form of Steam Power Plants (SPP), (2) hazardous waste generation data in the Mining, Energy, Oil, and Gas (MEOG) Industry and (3) the hazardous waste generation data in the Manufacturing, Agro-industry, and Service (MAS) Industry, with the data obtained from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Furthermore, the FABA generation will be predicted until 2040, and the management of the waste will also be discussed. It is known that Indonesia’s SPP sector has a production capacity of 69,600,000 tonnes yr-1, with the waste factor for fly ash and bottom ash being 0.0653 and 0.0091 respectively. Thus, based on the maximum and minimum capacity, the total bottom ash and fly ash may reach 5,186,334.09 tonnes yr-1, and 3,630,433.86 tonnes yr-1 in 2019 respectively. Furthermore, the FABA generation in 2019 from the MEOG and MAS sector reached 7,381,414.47 tonnes and 21,764,718.79 tonnes respectively. Meanwhile, the Annual Average Growth Rate prediction method determined that the FABA generation in the SPP sector is in the range of 3,668,744.62 tonnes to 5,241,063.75 tonnes in 2040. The FABA generated from MEOG and MAS sectors is assumed to be in the range of 7.459.308,07 tonnes to 21.994.394,61 tonnes in 2040. Apart from the disposal technology, FABA waste can also be utilized; fly ash can be used as hot mix asphalt, cement and concrete, and landfill cover. Meanwhile, bottom ash can be widely used in road construction projects as a substitute for aggregates due to its sand-like properties and substitute for aggregate in concrete mixtures.
Solvent-controlled photocatalytic divergent cyclization of alkynyl aldehydes: access to cyclopentenones and dihydropyranols
Authors: Zhu Haiqian , Zheng Hanliang , Zhang Junhua , Feng Jian , Kong Lichun , Zhang Fang , Xue Xiao-Song , Zhu Gangguo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Divergent synthesis is a powerful strategy for the fast assembly of different molecular scaffolds from the identical starting materials. We describe here a novel solvent-controlled photocatalytic divergent cyclization of alkynyl aldehydes with sulfonyl chlorides for the direct construction of highly functionalized cyclopentenones and dihydropyranols that widely exist in bioactive molecules and natural products. Density functional theory calculations suggest that an unprecedented N,N-dimethylacetamide-assisted 1,2-hydrogen transfer of alkoxy radicals is responsible for the cyclopentenone formation, whereas a C-C cleavage accounts for the selective production of dihydropyranols in acetonitrile. Given the simple and mild reaction conditions, excellent functional group compatibility, forming up to four chemical bonds, and tunable selectivity, it may find wide applications in synthetic chemistry.
WITHDRAWN: Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides alleviate depressive-like behaviors in post-stroke rats via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome to inhibit hippocampal inflammation
Authors: Li Zhifang , Xu Hexiang , Xu Yi , Lu Guanfeng , Peng Qiwei , Chen Jiefang , Bi Rentang , Li Jianzhuang , Chen Shengcai , Li Hongkai , Jin Huijuan , Hu Bo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides (MOOs) is a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from plant Morinda officinalis roots. It has been used to treat mild and moderate depressive episodes. In the present study, we investigated whether MOOs can ameliorate depressive-like behaviors in post-stroke depression (PSD) rats and further discussed its mechanism by suppressing microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation to inhibit hippocampal inflammation.Methods: Behaviors tests were performed to evaluate the effect of MOOs on depressive-like behaviors in PSD rats. The effects of MOOs on the expression of IL-18, IL-1β and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were measured in both PSD rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulated BV2 cells by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) were injected into hippocampus to downregulate NLRP3 inflammasome expression. The detailed molecular mechanism underlying the effects of MOOs was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence.Results: MOOs can alleviate depressive-like behaviors in PSD rats. PSD rats showed increased expression of IL-18, IL-1β and NLRP3 inflammasome in the ischemic hippocampus, while MOOs compromised the elevation. NLRP3 downregulation ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and hippocampal inflammation response in PSD rats. Moreover, we found that NLRP3 is mainly expressed on microglia. In vitro, MOOs effectively inhibited the expression of IL-18, IL-1β and NLRP3 inflammasome in LPS+ ATP treated BV2 cells. We further showed that modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by MOOs was associated with IκB/NF‐κB p65 signaling pathway.Conclusion: Overall, our study revealed the antidepressive effect of MOOs on PSD rats through modulation of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome. We also provide a novel insight into hippocampal inflammation response in PSD pathology and put forward NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential therapeutic target for PSD.
Circulating endothelin-1 levels are positively associated with chronic kidney disease in women but not in men: a longitudinal study in the Vara-Skövde cohort
Authors: Hellgren Margareta I. , Jansson Per-Anders , Alayar Hormoz , Lindblad Ulf , Daka Bledar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The vasoconstricting peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) is associated with endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether circulating ET-1 levels predicts chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a prospective population study.Methods:In 2002-2005, 2816 participants (30-74 years) were randomly selected from two municipalities in South-Western Sweden and followed up in a representative sample of 1327 individuals after ten years. Endothelin-1 levels were assessed at baseline. Outcome was defined as CKD stage 3 or above based on eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2. Those 1314 participants with successful analysis of ET-1 were further analyzed using binary logistic regression.Results:At follow-up, 47 (7.2%) men and 63 (9.6%) women had CKD stage 3 and above. The level of ET-1 was divided into quintiles showing that women in the highest quintile (n=132) had a significantly increased risk of developing CKD during the follow up period (OR=2.379, 95% CI:1.23-4.61, p<0.01) compared with the other quintiles (1-4), even when adjusted for age, physical activity, current smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, BMI, high- sensitive CRP and LDL-cholesterol (OR=2.66, 95% CI:1.29-5.49, p<0.01). No significant differences were observed between quintiles of ET-1 and development of CKD in men (NS). Conclusions:High levels of ET-1 are associated with development of CKD in women but not in men.