bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major complications of dural venous sinus stenting for idiopathic intracranial hypertension: case series and management considerations
Authors: Townsend Robert Kyle , Jost Alec , Amans Matthew R , Hui Ferdinand , Bender Matthew T , Satti Sudhakar R , Maurer Robert , Liu Kenneth , Brinjikji Waleed , Fargen Kyle M 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundVenous sinus stenting (VSS) is a safe, effective, and increasingly popular treatment option for selected patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Serious complications associated with VSS are rarely reported.MethodsSerious complications after VSS were identified retrospectively from multicenter databases. The cases are presented and management strategies are discussed.ResultsSix major acute and chronic complications after VSS were selected from a total of 811 VSS procedures and 1466 venograms for IIH. These included an acute subdural hematoma from venous extravasation, cases of both intraprocedural and delayed stent thrombosis, an ultimately fatal cerebellar hemorrhage resulting in acute obstructive hydrocephalus, venous microcatheter perforation during venography and manometry, and a patient who developed subarachnoid hemorrhage and subdural hematoma after cerebellar cortical vein perforation. The six cases are reviewed and learning points regarding complication avoidance and management are presented.ConclusionWe report on six rare, major complications after VSS for IIH. Familiarity with these potential complications and appropriate timely management may allow for good clinical outcomes.
Association of reperfusion success and emboli in new territories with long term mortality after mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Beyeler Morin , Weber Loris , Kurmann Christoph C , Piechowiak Eike Immo I , Mosimann Pascal J , Zibold Felix , Meinel Thomas Raphael , Branca Mattia , Goeldlin Martina , Pilgram-Pastor Sara M , Grunder Lorenz , Arnold Marcel , Seiffge David , Meier Raphael , Heldner Mirjam R , Dobrocky Tomas , Mordasini Pasquale , Gralla Jan , Fischer Urs , Kaesmacher Johannes 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe degree of reperfusion is the most important modifiable predictor of 3 month functional outcome and mortality in ischemic stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Whether the beneficial effect of reperfusion also leads to a reduction in long term mortality is unknown.MethodsPatients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy between January 2010 and December 2018 were included. The post-thrombectomy degree of reperfusion and emboli in new territories were core laboratory adjudicated. Reperfusion was evaluated according to the expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) scale. Vital status was obtained from the Swiss population register. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) using time split Cox regression models were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed in patients with borderline indications.ResultsOur study included 1264 patients (median follow-up per patient 2.5 years). Patients with successful reperfusion had longer survival times, attributable to a lower hazard of death within 0–90 days and for >90 days to 2 years (aHR 0.34, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.46; aHR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.62). This association was homogeneous across all predefined subgroups (p for interaction >0.05). Among patients with successful reperfusion, a significant difference in the hazard of death was observed between eTICI2b50 and eTICI3 (aHR 0.51, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.79). Emboli in new territories were present in 5% of patients, and were associated with increased mortality (aHR 2.3, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.86).ConclusionSuccessful, and ideally complete, reperfusion without emboli in new territories is associated with a reduction in long term mortality in patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy, and this was evident across several subgroups.
Association of sedentary work with colon and rectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee JaeYong , Lee Jongin , Ahn Joonho , Lee Dong-wook , Kim Hyoung-Ryoul , Kang Mo-Yeol 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesThere has been no research on sedentary behaviour in the occupational domain that occupies a large portion of the daily life.MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between sedentary work and colorectal cancer. We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases up to 12 August 2020 for peer-reviewed journal articles that assessed the association between sedentary work and colon or rectal cancer. Pooled estimates of ORs were obtained using random effects models. Statistical tests for publication bias, heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis were applied.ResultsOf the 5 381 studies initially identified, 23 studies with 64 reports were eligible for inclusion. Sedentary work significantly increased the risk of colon cancer (pooled OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.31, p value ≤0.0001) and rectal cancer (pooled OR=1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.16, p value=0.0395). The adjustment for leisure time physical activity attenuated the association and made the risk estimates non-significant for sedentary behaviour, but the association was independent of sex, control of body mass index and assessment of sedentary behaviour.ConclusionsWe found evidence of association between sedentary work and the risk of colon or rectal cancer. Limiting excessive sedentary work could be an important means of preventing colon and rectal cancer.
The chirality-flow formalism for the standard model
Authors: Alnefjord Joakim , Lifson Andrew , Reuschle Christian , Sjodahl Malin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn a recent paper we introduced the chirality-flow formalism, a method for simple and transparent calculations of Feynman diagrams based on the left- and right-chiral $$\mathfrak {sl}(2,\mathbb {C})$$

sl
(
2
,
C
)

nature of spacetime. While our previous work focused on massless QED and QCD at tree-level, we here extend the chirality-flow formalism to the full (tree-level) Standard Model, including massive particles and electroweak interactions – for which the W-interaction simplifies elegantly due to its chiral nature. We illustrate how values of Feynman diagrams can be immediately written down with some representative examples.
Matter versus vacuum oscillations at long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiments
Authors: Bharti Suman , Rahaman Ushak , Sankar S. Uma 
Published: April 2021

The neutrino oscillation probabilities at the long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiments are expected to be modified by matter effects. We search for evidence of such modification in the data of T2K and NO[Formula: see text]A, by fitting the data to the hypothesis of (a) matter modified oscillations and (b) vacuum oscillations. We find that vacuum oscillations provide as good a fit to the data as matter modified oscillations. Even extended runs of T2K and NO[Formula: see text]A, with five years in neutrino mode [Formula: see text] and five years in anti-neutrino mode [Formula: see text], cannot make a [Formula: see text] distinction between vacuum and matter modified oscillations. The future experiment DUNE, with neutrino and anti-neutrino runs of five years each [Formula: see text], can rule out vacuum oscillations by itself at [Formula: see text] if the hierarchy is normal. If the hierarchy is inverted, a [Formula: see text] discrimination against vacuum oscillations requires the combination of [Formula: see text] runs of T2K, NO[Formula: see text]A and DUNE.
Two-factor Password-authenticated Key Exchange with End-to-end Security
Authors: Jarecki Stanislaw , Jubur Mohammed , Krawczyk Hugo , Saxena Nitesh , Shirvanian Maliheh 
Published: April 2021

We present a secure two-factor authentication (TFA) scheme based on the user’s possession of a password and a crypto-capable device. Security is “end-to-end” in the sense that the attacker can attack all parts of the system, including all communication links and any subset of parties (servers, devices, client terminals), can learn users’ passwords, and perform active and passive attacks, online and offline. In all cases the scheme provides the highest attainable security bounds given the set of compromised components. Our solution builds a TFA scheme using any Device-enhanced Password-authenticated Key Exchange (PAKE), defined by Jarecki et al., and any Short Authenticated String (SAS) Message Authentication, defined by Vaudenay. We show an efficient instantiation of this modular construction, which utilizes any password-based client-server authentication method, with or without reliance on public-key infrastructure. The security of the proposed scheme is proven in a formal model that we formulate as an extension of the traditional PAKE model. We also report on a prototype implementation of our schemes, including TLS-based and PKI-free variants, as well as several instantiations of the SAS mechanism, all demonstrating the practicality of our approach. Finally, we present a usability study evaluating the viability of our protocol contrasted with the traditional PIN-based TFA approach in terms of efficiency, potential for errors, user experience, and security perception of the underlying manual process.1
Genetic Causes of Cardiomyopathy in Children: First Results From the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Genes Study
Authors: Ware Stephanie M. , Wilkinson James D. , Tariq Muhammad , Schubert Jeffrey A. , Sridhar Arthi , Colan Steven D. , Shi Ling , Canter Charles E. , Hsu Daphne T. , Webber Steven A. , Dodd Debra A. , Everitt Melanie D. , Kantor Paul F. , Addonizio Linda J. , Jefferies John L. , Rossano Joseph W. , Pahl Elfriede , Rusconi Paolo , Chung Wendy K. , Lee Teresa , Towbin Jeffrey A. , Lal Ashwin K. , Bhatnagar Surbhi , Aronow Bruce , Dexheimer Phillip J. , Martin Lisa J. , Miller Erin M. , Sleeper Lynn A. , Razoky Hiedy , Czachor Jason , Lipshultz Steven E. ,   Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry Study Group
Published: April 2021

Background
Pediatric cardiomyopathy is a genetically heterogeneous disease with substantial morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines recommend genetic testing in children with hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive cardiomyopathy, but practice variations exist. Robust data on clinical testing practices and diagnostic yield in children are lacking. This study aimed to identify the genetic causes of cardiomyopathy in children and to investigate clinical genetic testing practices.

Methods and Results

Children with familial or idiopathic cardiomyopathy were enrolled from 14 institutions in North America. Probands underwent exome sequencing. Rare sequence variants in 37 known cardiomyopathy genes were assessed for pathogenicity using consensus clinical interpretation guidelines. Of the 152 enrolled probands, 41% had a family history of cardiomyopathy. Of 81 (53%) who had undergone clinical genetic testing for cardiomyopathy before enrollment, 39 (48%) had a positive result. Genetic testing rates varied from 0% to 97% between sites. A positive family history and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy subtype were associated with increased likelihood of genetic testing (
P
=0.005 and
P
=0.03, respectively). A molecular cause was identified in an additional 21% of the 63 children who did not undergo clinical testing, with positive results identified in both familial and idiopathic cases and across all phenotypic subtypes.

Conclusions
A definitive molecular genetic diagnosis can be made in a substantial proportion of children for whom the cause and heritable nature of their cardiomyopathy was previously unknown. Practice variations in genetic testing are great and should be reduced. Improvements can be made in comprehensive cardiac screening and predictive genetic testing in first‐degree relatives. Overall, our results support use of routine genetic testing in cases of both familial and idiopathic cardiomyopathy.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01873963.
Neural Oscillations Reveal Differences in the Process of Word Learning among School-Aged Children from Lower Socioeconomic Status Backgrounds
Authors: Schneider Julie , Abel Alyson D. , Momsen Jacob , Melamed Tina C. , Maguire Mandy J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Building a robust vocabulary in grade school is essential for academic success. Children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) households on average perform below their higher SES peers on word learning tasks, negatively impacting their vocabulary; however, significant variability exists within this group. Many children from low SES homes perform as well as, or better than, their higher SES peers on measures of word learning. The current study addresses what processes underlie this variability, by comparing the neural oscillations of 44 better versus worse word learners (ages 8–15 years) from lower SES households as they infer the meaning of unknown words. Better word learners demonstrated increases in theta and beta power as a word was learned, whereas worse word learners exhibited decreases in alpha power. These group differences in neural oscillatory engagement during word learning indicate there may be different strategies employed based on differences in children’s skills. Notably, children with greater vocabulary knowledge are more likely to exhibit larger beta increases, a strategy that is associated with better word learning. This sheds new light on the mechanisms that support word learning in children from low SES households.
Interrelationships of Sea Surface Salinity, Chlorophyll-α Concentration, and Sea Surface Temperature near the Antarctic Ice Edge
Authors: Garcia Cynthia , Comiso Josefino C. , Berkelhammer Max , Stock Larry 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSatellite data can now provide a coherent picture of sea surface salinity (SSS), chlorophyll-α concentration (Chlα), sea surface temperature (SST), and sea ice cover across the Southern Ocean. The availability of these data at the basin scale enables novel insight into the physical and biological processes in an area that has historically been difficult to gather in situ data from. The analysis shows large regional and interannual variability of these parameters but also strong coherence across the Southern Ocean. The covariability of the parameters near the marginal ice zone shows a generally negative relationship between SSS and Chlα (r = −0.87). This may in part be attributed to the large seasonality of the variables, but analysis of data within the spring period (from November to December) shows similarly high correlation (r = −0.81). This is the first time that a large-scale robust connection between low salinity and high phytoplankton concentration during ice melt period has been quantified. Chlorophyll-α concentration is also well correlated with SST (r = 0.79) providing a potential indicator of the strength of the temperature limitation on primary productivity in the region. The observed correlation also varied regionally due to differences in ice melt patterns during spring and summer. Overall, this study provides new insights into the physical characteristics of the Southern Ocean as observed from space. In a continually warming and freshening Southern Ocean, the relationships observed here provide a key data source for testing ocean biogeochemical models and assessing the effect of sea ice–ocean processes on primary production.
The Essence of Care: Versatility as an Adaptive Response to Challenges in the Delivery of Quality Aged Care by Personal Care Attendants
Authors: Naweed Anjum , Stahlut Jana , O’Keeffe Valerie 
Published: April 2021

Objective The strategies adopted by personal care attendants (PCAs) to deliver quality care when faced with challenges potentially impacting clinical outcomes were assessed using phenomenological methods. Background In Australia, recent outcry of unsatisfactory standards of care in residential facilities has instigated a national public inquiry. This study investigated how PCAs adapted to challenges in stressful and ambiguous everyday work scenarios to deliver quality care. Method A phenomenological approach was used to obtain insights into PCAs’ experiences, perceptions, opinions, and decision processes for enacting care. Ten PCAs working in rural-based residential aged care were interviewed using a novel scenario construction task with thematic and co-occurrence network mapping applied to derive insights. Results Seven themes were identified, revealing that participants formed close relationships with residents, influencing care provision but blurring personal boundaries. Key contextual factors in scenarios highlighted inadequate staffing and procedures, inadequate training, challenging residents, time poverty, and low support. Individually directed adaptive strategies were used to alleviate dissonance and maintain emotional resilience, including dynamic risk assessment involving rule breaking. Conclusion The findings suggest that in negotiating care delivery, PCAs strive to optimize rule-based compliance with safety, efficiency, and individualized attention to provide “good enough” care with fluidity. Implications for policy and practice are considered. Application Findings have implications for workforce development in the context of ever-increasing industry pressures. Findings identified challenging scenarios and role complexity, with decision-making occurring as a fluid and ongoing process across a flexible boundary of risk assessment influencing interactions between PCAs, registered nurses, and clients.
Distraction “Hangover”: Characterization of the Delayed Return to Baseline Driving Risk After Distracting Behaviors
Authors: Snider Joseph , Spence Ryan J. , Engler Anne-Marie , Moran Ryan , Hacker Sarah , Chukoskie Leanne , Townsend Jeanne , Hill Linda 
Published: April 2021

Objective We measured how long distraction by a smartphone affects simulated driving behaviors after the tasks are completed (i.e., the distraction hangover). Background Most drivers know that smartphones distract. Trying to limit distraction, drivers can use hands-free devices, where they only briefly glance at the smartphone. However, the cognitive cost of switching tasks from driving to communicating and back to driving adds an underappreciated, potentially long period to the total distraction time. Method Ninety-seven 21- to 78-year-old individuals who self-identified as active drivers and smartphone users engaged in a simulated driving scenario that included smartphone distractions. Peripheral-cue and car-following tasks were used to assess driving behavior, along with synchronized eye tracking. Results The participants’ lateral speed was larger than baseline for 15 s after the end of a voice distraction and for up to 25 s after a text distraction. Correct identification of peripheral cues dropped about 5% per decade of age, and participants from the 71+ age group missed seeing about 50% of peripheral cues within 4 s of the distraction. During distraction, coherence with the lead car in a following task dropped from 0.54 to 0.045, and seven participants rear-ended the lead car. Breadth of scanning contracted by 50% after distraction. Conclusion Simulated driving performance drops dramatically after smartphone distraction for all ages and for both voice and texting. Application Public education should include the dangers of any smartphone use during driving, including hands-free.
Teaching Ethnic-Specific Coursework: Practical Suggestions for Promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Within the Classroom
Authors: Arellanes Jordan A. , Hendricks Michael 
Published: April 2021

Background: Access to professors willing and trained to teach courses related to specific ethnic groups may be difficult for many universities to provide. This may partially explain why many psychology departments do not offer undergraduate courses that focus on the unique perspectives of specific ethnic groups. Objective: This study offers practical suggestions for instructors in promoting inclusivity within the classroom detailed though perceptions of students. Method: Focus groups were conducted with 27 students within four ethnic-specific courses. Focus groups were divided into comparison groups: 1) those that ethnically matched the course material and 2) those that did not. Results: Ethnic-specific coursework provides space to address systemic issues. Implications from ethnic matching, inclusion efforts within the classroom, and building a class community are discussed. Conclusions: Diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts are supported when departments offer ethnic-specific courses. The trust and communication with students are improved by constructing effective course frameworks. Teaching Implications: We inform the development and implementation of ethnic-specific psychology courses by highlighting practical considerations for instructors of varying ethnic backgrounds. Instructors from varied backgrounds can effectively teach these courses but having applied experiences and research related to specific ethnic groups is essential in developing trust and communication with students.
Clinical Management of Early-Stage Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Institution Clinical Analysis
Authors: Yasumatsu Ryuji , Manako Tomomi , Jiromaru Rina , Hashimoto Kazuki , Wakasaki Takahiro , Matsuo Mioko , Nakagawa Takashi 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Early detection of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is important for both an improved prognosis and less-invasive treatment. We retrospectively analyzed the detection rates of early hypopharyngeal SCCs according to the evaluation methods and the clinical management of early hypopharyngeal SCCs. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with early hypopharyngeal SCC who were diagnosed were reviewed. Results: The number of early hypopharyngeal cancer patients with asymptomatic or synchronous or metachronous esophageal cancer examined by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI) was significantly higher than those examined by laryngopharyngeal endoscopy with NBI. The 3-year disease-specific survival rates according to T classification were as follows: Tis, 100%; T1, 100%; T2, 79.8%; and overall, 91.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Early-stage hypopharyngeal SCC can be cured by minimally invasive transoral surgery or radiotherapy. Observation of the pharynx using NBI in patients with a history of head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, or pharyngeal discomfort is very important, and routinely examining the pharynx with NBI, even in patients undergoing endoscopy for screening purposes, is recommended.