bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral relaxation computation of electroconductive nanofluid convection flow from a moving surface with radiative flux and magnetic induction
Authors: Akter Shahina , Ferdows M , Bég Tasveer A , Bég O Anwar , Kadir A , Sun Shuyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A theoretical model is developed for steady magnetohydrodynamic viscous flow resulting from a moving semi-infinite flat plate in an electrically conducting nanofluid. Thermal radiation and magnetic induction effects are included in addition to thermal convective boundary conditions. Buongiorno’s two-component nanoscale model is deployed, which features Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. The governing nonlinear boundary layer equations are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using suitable similarity transformations. The transformed system of differential equations is solved numerically, employing the spectral relaxation method (SRM) via the MATLAB R2018a software. SRM is a simple iteration scheme that does not require any evaluation of derivatives, perturbation, and linearization for solving a nonlinear system of equations. Effects of embedded parameters such as sheet velocity parameter$\lambda$, magnetic field parameter$\beta$, Prandtl number$Pr$, magnetic Prandtl number$Prm$, thermal radiation parameter$Rd$, Lewis number$Le$, Brownian motion parameter$Nb$, and thermophoresis parameter$Nt$ on velocity, induced magnetic field, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration profiles are investigated. The skin-friction results, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are also discussed for various values of governing physical parameters. To show the convergence rate against iteration, residual error analysis has also been performed. The flow is strongly decelerated, and magnetic induction is suppressed with greater magnetic body force parameter, whereas temperature is elevated due to extra work expended as heat in dragging the magnetic nanofluid. Temperatures are also boosted with increment in nanoscale thermophoresis parameter and radiative parameter, whereas they are reduced with higher wall velocity, Brownian motion, and Prandtl numbers. Both hydrodynamic and magnetic boundary layer thicknesses are reduced with greater reciprocal values of the magnetic Prandtl number Prm. Nanoparticle (concentration) boundary layer thickness is boosted with higher values of thermophoresis and Prandtl number, whereas it is diminished with increasing wall velocity, nanoscale Brownian motion parameter, radiative parameter, and Lewis number. The simulations are relevant to electroconductive nanomaterial processing.
DESIGN is Everywhere: Elements of Design and MoMA’s Evolving Design Pedagogy
Authors: Rasmussen Briley 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This essay examines Elements of Design, a circulating exhibition poster set produced by MoMA in 1945 and distributed worldwide. Through an examination of archived drafts, this exhibition set is discussed as an example of how the museum refined its educational approach through an evolving understanding of modern art and design. In particular, Elements of Design reflects MoMA’s expanding notion of audiences for modern art and design. This essay is the first scholarly examination of Elements of Design, including its archival drafts and documentation. Elements of Design was created by Robert Jay Wolff, former professor at the New Bauhaus, in collaboration with members of MoMA’s staff. Wolff merged Bauhaus–style foundations exercises with his experience developing visual instruction materials during the Second World War to create this visually engaging and instructive exhibition. This essay establishes important components of MoMA’s presentation of modern art and the pedagogy that would guide their educational activities for the next two decades: a focus on formal design and teaching aesthetic appreciation, a dedication to presenting modern art to the widest possible audiences, and an emphasis on the universality and unifying nature of modern art.
Jumping a Moving Train: SARS-CoV-2 Evolution in Real Time
Authors: Moustafa Ahmed M , Planet Paul J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The field of molecular epidemiology responded to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with an unrivaled amount of whole viral genome sequencing. By the time this sentence is published we will have well surpassed 1.5 million whole genomes, more than 4 times the number of all microbial whole genomes deposited in GenBank and 35 times the total number of viral genomes. This extraordinary dataset that accrued in near real time has also given us an opportunity to chart the global and local evolution of a virus as it moves through the world population. The data itself presents challenges that have never been dealt with in molecular epidemiology, and tracking a virus that is changing so rapidly means that we are often running to catch up. Here we review what is known about the evolution of the virus, and the critical impact that whole genomes have had on our ability to trace back and track forward the spread of lineages of SARS-CoV-2. We then review what whole genomes have told us about basic biological properties of the virus such as transmissibility, virulence, and immune escape with a special emphasis on pediatric disease. We couch this discussion within the framework of systematic biology and phylogenetics, disciplines that have proven their worth again and again for identifying and deciphering the spread of epidemics, though they were largely developed in areas far removed from infectious disease and medicine.
ALMA discovery of a dual dense probably rotating outflow from a massive young stellar object G18.88MME
Authors: Zinchenko I I , Dewangan L K , Baug T , Ojha D K , Bhadari N K 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of a very dense jet-like fast molecular outflow surrounded by a wide-angle wind in a massive young stellar object (MYSO) G18.88MME (stellar mass ∼8 M⊙) powering an extended green object G18.89−0.47. Four cores MM1–4 are identified in the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm continuum map (resolution ${\sim} 0.8\, \mathrm { arcsec}$) towards G18.88MME, and are seen at the centre of the emission structure (extent ∼0.3 pc × 0.2 pc) detected in the ALMA map. G18.88MME is embedded in the core MM1 (mass ∼13–18 M⊙), where no radio continuum emission is detected. The molecular outflow centred at MM1 is investigated in the SiO(5–4), HC3N(24–23) and 13CO(2–1) lines. The detection of HC3N in the outflow is rare in MYSOs and indicates its very high density. The position–velocity diagrams display a fast narrow outflow (extent ∼28 000 AU) and a slower wide-angle more extended outflow towards MM1, and both of these components show a transverse velocity gradient indicative of a possible rotation. All these observed features together make G18.88MME as a unique object for studying the unification of the jet-driven and wind-driven scenarios of molecular outflows in MYSOs.
Tunicates Illuminate the Enigmatic Evolution of Chordate Metallothioneins by Gene Gains and Losses, Independent Modular Expansions, and Functional Convergences
Authors: Calatayud Sara , Garcia-Risco Mario , Palacios Òscar , Capdevila Mercè , Cañestro Cristian , Albalat Ricard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To investigate novel patterns and processes of protein evolution, we have focused in the metallothioneins (MTs), a singular group of metal-binding, cysteine-rich proteins that, due to their high degree of sequence diversity, still represents a “black hole” in Evolutionary Biology. We have identified and analyzed more than 160 new MTs in nonvertebrate chordates (especially in 37 species of ascidians, 4 thaliaceans, and 3 appendicularians) showing that prototypic tunicate MTs are mono-modular proteins with a pervasive preference for cadmium ions, whereas vertebrate and cephalochordate MTs are bimodular proteins with diverse metal preferences. These structural and functional differences imply a complex evolutionary history of chordate MTs—including de novo emergence of genes and domains, processes of convergent evolution, events of gene gains and losses, and recurrent amplifications of functional domains—that would stand for an unprecedented case in the field of protein evolution.
A sensitive repeat identification framework based on short and long reads
Authors: Liao Xingyu , Li Min , Hu Kang , Wu Fang-Xiang , Gao Xin , Wang Jianxin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that repetitive regions in genomes play indispensable roles in the evolution, inheritance and variation of living organisms. However, most existing methods cannot achieve satisfactory performance on identifying repeats in terms of both accuracy and size, since NGS reads are too short to identify long repeats whereas SMS (Single Molecule Sequencing) long reads are with high error rates. In this study, we present a novel identification framework, LongRepMarker, based on the global de novo assembly and k-mer based multiple sequence alignment for precisely marking long repeats in genomes. The major characteristics of LongRepMarker are as follows: (i) by introducing barcode linked reads and SMS long reads to assist the assembly of all short paired-end reads, it can identify the repeats to a greater extent; (ii) by finding the overlap sequences between assemblies or chomosomes, it locates the repeats faster and more accurately; (iii) by using the multi-alignment unique k-mers rather than the high frequency k-mers to identify repeats in overlap sequences, it can obtain the repeats more comprehensively and stably; (iv) by applying the parallel alignment model based on the multi-alignment unique k-mers, the efficiency of data processing can be greatly optimized and (v) by taking the corresponding identification strategies, structural variations that occur between repeats can be identified. Comprehensive experimental results show that LongRepMarker can achieve more satisfactory results than the existing de novo detection methods (https://github.com/BioinformaticsCSU/LongRepMarker).
Accurate assembly of minority viral haplotypes from next-generation sequencing through efficient noise reduction
Authors: Knyazev Sergey , Tsyvina Viachaslau , Shankar Anupama , Melnyk Andrew , Artyomenko Alexander , Malygina Tatiana , Porozov Yuri B , Campbell Ellsworth M , Switzer William M , Skums Pavel , Mangul Serghei , Zelikovsky Alex 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rapidly evolving RNA viruses continuously produce minority haplotypes that can become dominant if they are drug-resistant or can better evade the immune system. Therefore, early detection and identification of minority viral haplotypes may help to promptly adjust the patient’s treatment plan preventing potential disease complications. Minority haplotypes can be identified using next-generation sequencing, but sequencing noise hinders accurate identification. The elimination of sequencing noise is a non-trivial task that still remains open. Here we propose CliqueSNV based on extracting pairs of statistically linked mutations from noisy reads. This effectively reduces sequencing noise and enables identifying minority haplotypes with the frequency below the sequencing error rate. We comparatively assess the performance of CliqueSNV using an in vitro mixture of nine haplotypes that were derived from the mutation profile of an existing HIV patient. We show that CliqueSNV can accurately assemble viral haplotypes with frequencies as low as 0.1% and maintains consistent performance across short and long bases sequencing platforms.
A rare case of desmoid fibromatosis of the transverse colon mimicking a perforated malignancy
Authors: Shah Isran Ali , Toor Sheza Arif , Gerogiannis Ioannis 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Desmoid tumour of the colon is a very rare and aggressive type of intra-abdominal desmoid fibromatosis. Patients can present with a range of symptoms from a mild chronic abdominal pain to those of an acute abdomen. We present a rare case of abdominal fibromatosis that presented as a rapidly growing mass with free intraperitoneal gas. Intraoperatively however, we found a large tumour arising from the wall of the transverse colon and local necrosis. No bowel perforation was noted. The tumour was removed with a wide resection of transverse colon’s wall instead of colectomy. The histopathology reported benign fibromatosis and excluded malignancy.
Intraocular foreign body in the anterior chamber angle of the eye—a 30-year-old ‘emergency’
Authors: Ali Nadir A M , Buscombe Charlotte P , Jones David H 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We report an unusual case of a missed intraocular foreign body, which was incidentally discovered in the anterior chamber drainage angle of the left eye of a retired masonry worker, some 30 years after the inciting injury. The ocular penetration and intraocular foreign body were missed during initial emergency management, despite the high-velocity mechanism of chiselling granite, which was reported. This case effectively highlights the need for a careful history and examination in high-velocity injuries to the eye (such as those caused by hammering and grinding), a high index of suspicion for intraocular foreign bodies, and considers best practice in managing such presentations.
Sporadic and rapidly progressive arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in a 12-year-old boy who was diagnosed with epilepsy
Authors: Al-Khleaf Alaa , Babi Amal , Jarjanazi Mulham , Haddad Walid 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac death amongst young people and athletes. In this genetic disease, arrhythmia and fibro-fatty changes in the right ventricular myocardium are the main characteristics of the disease.
Here, we report a case of ARVC in a 12-year-old boy who was previously diagnosed with epilepsy, the patient’s condition manifested sporadically and was complicated by rapid progression, and unfortunate fatal deterioration after admission into the pediatric emergency room due to fatigue, dizziness and palpitation.
A diagnosis of ARVC was established, even though a family history was absent. Due to possible rapid deterioration, as described in this case, we recommend immediate primary and secondary prevention of arrhythmias in these patients, and to take in consideration of the potential risks of using sodium valproate in these patients.
Wild emmer introgression alters root-to-shoot growth dynamics in durum wheat in response to water stress
Authors: Bacher Harel , Zhu Feiyu , Gao Tian , Liu Kan , Dhatt Balpreet K , Awada Tala , Zhang Chi , Distelfeld Assaf , Yu Hongfeng , Peleg Zvi , Walia Harkamal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater deficit during the early vegetative growth stages of wheat (Triticum) can limit shoot growth and ultimately impact grain productivity. Introducing diversity in wheat cultivars to enhance the range of phenotypic responses to water limitations during vegetative growth can provide potential avenues for mitigating subsequent yield losses. We tested this hypothesis in an elite durum wheat background by introducing a series of introgressions from a wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) wheat. Wild emmer populations harbor rich phenotypic diversity for drought-adaptive traits. To determine the effect of these introgressions on vegetative growth under water-limited conditions, we used image-based phenotyping to catalog divergent growth responses to water stress ranging from high plasticity to high stability. One of the introgression lines exhibited a significant shift in root-to-shoot ratio in response to water stress. We characterized this shift by combining genetic analysis and root transcriptome profiling to identify candidate genes (including a root-specific kinase) that may be linked to the root-to-shoot carbon reallocation under water stress. Our results highlight the potential of introducing functional diversity into elite durum wheat for enhancing the range of water stress adaptation.
Effectiveness of Exergame Intervention on Walking in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Janhunen Maarit , Karner Vera , Katajapuu Niina , Niiranen Oona , Immonen Jaakko , Karvanen Juha , Heinonen Ari , Aartolahti Eeva 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this review was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of exergaming on walking in older adults. In addition, the aim was to investigate the relationship between the exergaming effect and age, baseline walking performance, exercise traits, technology used, and the risk of bias.

Methods
A literature search was carried out in the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, WoS, PsycInfo, and PEDro up to January 10, 2020. Studies with a randomized controlled trial design, people ≥60 years of age without neurological disorders, comparison group with other exercise or no exercise, and walking-related outcomes were included. Cochrane RoB2, meta-analysis, meta-regression, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation were used to estimate quality, treatment effect, covariates’ effect, and the certainty of evidence, respectively.

Results
In the studies included (n = 66), the overall risk of bias was low (n = 2), unclear (n = 48), or high (n = 16). Compared with comparison groups, exergaming interventions were more effective for walking improvements (standardized mean difference = −0.21; 95% CI = −0.36 to −0.06; 3102 participants, 58 studies; moderate-quality evidence) and more or equally effective (standardized mean difference = −0.32; 95% CI = −0.64 to 0.00; 1028 participants, 13 studies; low-quality evidence) after nonexergaming follow-up. The strongest effect for covariates was observed with the type of comparison group, explaining 18.6% of the variance.

Conclusion
For older adults without neurological disorders, exergame-based training improved walking, and improvements were maintained at follow-up. Greater benefits were observed when exergaming groups were compared with inactive comparison groups. To strengthen the evidence, further randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of gamified exercise intervention are needed.

Impact
Exergaming has an effect equivalent to other types of exercising on improving walking in older adults. Physical therapists and other rehabilitation professionals may consider exergaming as a promising form of exercise in this age group.
Apparent Discordance Between the Epidemiology of COVID-19 and Recommended Outcomes and Treatments: A Scoping Review
Authors: Webber Sandra C , Tittlemier Brenda J , Loewen Hal J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
Many survivors of COVID-19 experience ongoing signs and symptoms affecting multiple body systems that impair function and negatively affect participation and quality of life. The purpose of this review was to identify and synthesize outpatient rehabilitation assessment and treatment recommendations for adults in postacute COVID-19 stages.

Methods
MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Central, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched from January 1, 2020, to December 7, 2020. Teams of 2 reviewers independently assessed study eligibility and extracted data. All study designs that included rehabilitation recommendations were included. Study design, country, study population, purpose, and rehabilitation recommendations were recorded. Select questions from the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument were used to evaluate the quality of consensus guidelines.

Results
Forty-eight articles fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria (11 systematic reviews, 1 scoping review, 6 original research studies, 4 consensus guidelines, 26 narrative reviews, and editorials/commentaries). Recommended outcomes included exercise tolerance, respiratory function, muscle strength, and activities of daily living or functional independence. Recommended treatments included respiratory rehabilitation, exercise therapy, education, psychological support, activities of daily living and gait training, traditional Chinese medicine, and cognitive and vocational rehabilitation.

Conclusion
There were incongruities between what is known about postacute COVID-19 and what was recommended in the literature. Given the relatively large proportion of survivors who experience ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 or post–COVID-19 syndrome, it is important to quickly develop tools for self-management and access to rehabilitation specialists in multidisciplinary teams.

Impact
Physical therapists, occupational therapists, and respiratory therapists have an important role to play. Clinicians should focus on epidemiological evidence and emerging information on late sequelae of COVID-19 to inform rehabilitation programming and future research.
Development, evaluation and validation of machine learning algorithms to detect atypical and asymptomatic presentations of Covid-19 in hospital practice
Authors: Baktash V , Hosack T , Rule R , Patel N , Kho J , Sekhar R , Mandal A K J , Missouris C G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic methods for Covid-19 have improved, both in speed and availability. Because of atypical and asymptomatic carriage of the virus and nosocomial spread within institutions, timely diagnosis remains a challenge. Machine learning models trained on blood test results have shown promise in identifying cases of Covid-19.

Aims
To train and validate a machine learning model capable of differentiating Covid-19 positive from negative patients using routine blood tests and assess the model’s accuracy against atypical and asymptomatic presentations.

Design and methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical admissions to our institution during March and April 2020. Participants were categorized into Covid-19 positive or negative groups based on clinical, radiological features or nasopharyngeal swab. A machine learning model was trained on laboratory parameters and validated for accuracy, sensitivity and specificity and externally validated at an unconnected establishment.

Results
An Ensemble Bagged Tree model was trained on data collected from 405 patients (212 Covid-19 positive) producing an accuracy of 81.79% (95% confidence interval (CI) 77.53–85.55%), the sensitivity of 85.85% (CI 80.42–90.24%) and specificity of 76.65% (CI 69.49–82.84%). Accuracy was preserved for atypical and asymptomatic subgroups. Using an external data set for 226 patients (141 Covid-19 positive) accuracy of 76.82% (CI 70.87–82.08%), sensitivity of 78.38% (CI 70.87–84.72%) and specificity of 74.12% (CI 63.48–83.01%) was achieved.

Conclusion
A machine learning model using routine laboratory parameters can detect atypical and asymptomatic presentations of Covid-19 and might be an adjunct to existing screening measures.