bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum levels of survivin in patients with psoriasis and their relation to disease characteristics
Authors: Akpinar Umit , Gur Aksoy Gunes , Hayran Yildiz , Firat Oguz Esra , Yalcın Basak 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells play a major role in its pathogenesis. Studies have shown that keratinocytes in psoriatic tissue are resistant to apoptosis and have a high proliferation rate. Survivin is a multifunctional protein belonging to an apoptosis inhibitor family, which has significant effects on the immune system, such as activation of dendritic cells and T cells and immunomodulation.ObjectivesTo investigate a possible relationship between serum survivin levels and psoriasis disease characteristics and severity.Materials and MethodsThe present study included 84 patients with psoriasis who did not receive any systemic treatment for psoriasis in the last three months and 84 volunteers without psoriasis. Demographic data, smoking status, and alcohol consumption of the participants were questioned, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. In the patient group, disease duration, family history, accompanying arthritis, and nail involvement were questioned and psoriasis area severity index (PASI) scores were calculated. Serum survivin levels were measured in all subjects.ResultsSerum survivin level was significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls (p = 0.008). There was no relationship between serum survivin level and disease duration, family history, joint involvement, nail involvement, BMI, and PASI score (all p‐values > 0.05). Serum survivin levels were significantly higher in smokers than non‐smokers and in alcohol consumers than patients that did not drink alcohol in the psoriasis group (p = 0.034 and p = 0.006, respectively).ConclusionSerum survivin levels were higher in psoriasis patients than the control group. This finding suggests that this molecule, which is both immunomodulatory and an apoptosis inhibitor, may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Significantly high serum survivin level in psoriasis patients who smoke suggests that smoking may act through survivin. More comprehensive studies are needed to evaluate the role of survivin in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and its relationship with smoking.
Investigation of the prevalence of hand eczema among healthcare professionals in Turkey: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Falay Gür Tuğba , Savaş Erdogan Sevil , Doğan Bilal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHand eczema is one of the common occupational dermatoses, having high prevalence among healthcare professionals (HCP). We found no epidemiological data in the literature concerning the prevalence of hand eczema among HCP in Turkey.AimsThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of hand eczema among HCP in Turkey and to determine the demographic characteristics and risk factors that cause eczema.MethodsA clinical assessment‐ and questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted with 734 HCP working in a tertiary hospital. Demographic characteristics and personal and occupational risk factors were evaluated in terms of the development of hand eczema.ResultsThe survey response rate was 81.8%. The point prevalence of eczema was 27.6%, and the 12‐month prevalence was 45.9%. Age, occupation, duration of work, atopic diseases, handwashing frequency, dry skin, moisturizing frequency, and presence and duration of glove use were important factors in the development of hand eczema. Powdered glove reaction was significantly higher in those with hand eczema (p = 0.0001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of hand eczema is high among HCP in Turkey. Combining self‐reported questionnaires with clinical examination findings can provide a more accurate calculation of the prevalence of hand eczema. The availability of epidemiological data on hand eczema can provide guidelines for the prevention and treatment of this condition. Except for situations requiring absolute handwashing, disinfecting hands with alcohol‐based lotions and applying a powder‐free policy in all healthcare centers will reduce the prevalence of hand eczema among HCP.
Comparison of the efficacy of Fractional Radiofrequency Microneedling alone and in combination with platelet‐rich plasma in neck rejuvenation: a clinical and optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Gawdat Heba , Allam Riham Samy Hanafy Mahmoud , Hegazy Rehab , Sameh Bassant , Ragab Nanis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEsthetic improvement of the neck and cervicomental angle remains one of the most challenging aspects of rejuvenation. Fractional radiofrequency microneedling demonstrated significant skin tightening and lifting of lower third of the face.Aim of workTo evaluate and compare fractional radiofrequency microneedling alone and in combination with autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in neck rejuvenation.Methods20 patients with mild to moderate neck laxity were randomized to receive 3 sessions of either fractional radiofrequency microneedling +PRP (group A) or fractional radiofrequency microneedling monotherapy (group B). Evaluation was done using optical coherence tomography to detect dermis thickness, measurement of cervicomental angle, a score done by two investigators blinded to used modality (GAIS) and patient satisfaction score.ResultsBoth Groups showed a statistically significant improvement in all parameters. Comparing the two groups, the mean dermal thickness after treatment was higher in group A compared with B but was found statistically insignificant. More favorable results were reported in group A according to GAIS. Other parameters showed comparable results.ConclusionFractional microneedle radiofrequency with insulated microneedles offers a safe and effective modality for mild to moderate neck laxity when used alone or in combination with PRP. It remains questionable whether combining fr‐RF microneedling with PRP provides more favorable results in terms of efficacy and side effects.
Investigation on factors related to uterine fibroids in rural women of northern Anhui province
Authors: Wu Bing‐Jie , Wei Wu , Hu Cheng‐Yang , Zhang Xiu‐Jun , Zhong Fei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimGiven the increasing prevalence of hysteromyoma among the Chinese rural women of childbearing age, it is imperative that more attention should be given to researching risk factors that predispose women to this condition so that early preventive measures may be taken. Our study investigates potential risk factors for uterine fibroids such as participants' demographic characteristics (age, ethnicity, education), physiological characteristics (age at menarche, primiparous age), and the occurrence of several different female reproductive diseases (vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease).Methods2200 rural women of reproductive age were screened from a cross‐sectional study carried out in the northern Anhui province. Data were collected by questionnaire surveys, gynecological and laboratory examinations and were subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis to evaluate the risk factors for uterine fibroids.ResultsOf the 2200 women, 440 had uterine fibroids. In general, women with endometriosis, ovarian cysts and early menarche were more likely to suffer from hysteromyoma. Factors including higher parity, late age of first childbirth, and a regular menstrual cycle were associated with the reduced risk of uterine fibroids.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that parameters such as earlier age of menarche, early primiparous age, lower parity and a variety of female reproductive diseases were associated with an increased risk of uterine fibroids. These findings may be used to guide the formulation of effective prevention and intervention protocols to improve the reproductive health of rural women.
A new approach to schooling in a diverse society: A research fable
Authors: Steele Claude M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe pioneer of both stereotype threat and self‐affirmation theory, Claude Steele, provides the concluding piece to the special issue, reflecting on the interplay between theoretical and applied questions raised by this body of research and the contributions—past, present, and potential—of self‐affirmation theory to understanding the societal issue of educational disparities.
Melatonin inhibits lung cancer development by reversing the Warburg effect via stimulating the SIRT3/PDH axis
Authors: Chen Xiangyun , Hao Bingjie , Li Dan , Reiter Russel J. , Bai Yidong , Abay Baigenzhin , Chen Guojie , Lin Shumeng , Zheng Tiansheng , Ren Yanbei , Xu Xiao , Li Ming , Fan Lihong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecently, the morbidity and mortality from lung cancer have continued to increase. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in apoptosis, proliferation, and the bioenergetic reprogramming of cancer cells, especially for energy metabolism. Herein, we investigated the ability of melatonin (MLT) to influence lung cancer growth and explored the association between mitochondrial functions and the progression of lung tumors. The deacetylase, sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), is a pivotal player in maintenance of mitochondrial function, among participating in ATP production by regulating the acetylone and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). We initially found that MLT inhibited lung cancer growth in the Lewis mouse model. Similarly, we observed that MLT inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells (A549, PC9, and LLC cells), and the underlying mechanism of MLT was related to reprogramming cancer cell metabolism, accompanied by a shift from cytosolic aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). These changes were accompanied by higher ATP production, an elevated ATP production‐coupled oxygen consumption rate (QCR), higher ROS levels, higher mito‐ROS levels, and lower lactic acid secretion. Additionally, we observed that MLT improved mitochondrial membrane potential and the activities of complexes Ⅰ and Ⅳ in the electron transport chain. Importantly, we also found and verified that the foregoing changes resulted from activation of Sirt3 and PDH. As a result of these changes, MLT significantly enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism to reverse the Warburg effect via increasing PDH activity with stimulation of Sirt3. Collectively, these findings suggest the potential use of melatonin as an anti‐lung cancer therapy and provide a mechanistic basis for this proposal.
THE POZO MORO RELIEFS (CHINCHILLA, SPAIN): A MEDITERRANEAN HERO BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
Authors: García Cardiel Jorge , Olmos Romera Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

SummaryAt Pozo Moro, archaeologists discovered the oldest series of architectural and sculptural remains currently known in Iberian culture. It is traditionally assumed that they were part of a single ten‐meters‐high tower that was built – and immediately collapsed – in the late sixth century BC, some fifty years before an Iberian necropolis flourished around its ruins. This paper proposes that the site housed not just one, but various monuments, built at different times, that depicted the deeds of a local version of a Mediterranean hero, an ‘Iberian Heracles’ whose saga was to some extent known throughout the Mediterranean and used everywhere to bolster local claims to power.
Urbanization Is No Longer Driven by Migration in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries (1985–2015)
Authors: Menashe‐Oren Ashira , Bocquier Philippe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcross the world, populations have transitioned to inhabiting urban spaces, and in low‐ and middle‐income countries the proportion of people living in cities is expected to continue to increase. Anticipation of this fundamental process calls for a better understanding of the demographic factors that drive the urban transition. By indirectly estimating the joint contribution of migration and administrative reclassification to urban transition in 129 countries using urban and rural population by age and sex data available from the United Nations over 1985–2015, we find that differences in natural increase between the rural and urban sectors explain most of the urbanization over the 30‐year period examined. Over the urban transition, the role of migration and reclassification declines and becomes negligible. Despite data limitations, we confirm that it is misleading to view migration as fueling urbanization in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Publication misrepresentation among pediatric anesthesiology fellowship applicants: A retrospective single‐center cohort study
Authors: Mehta Ashin , Patel Palak , Caruso Thomas J. , Anderson Thomas Anthony 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany medical specialties have found publication misrepresentation in residency and fellowship applications, but pediatric anesthesia fellowship application data is lacking.AimsWe sought to determine the prevalence of publication misrepresentation among pediatric anesthesia fellowship applications.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, fellowship applications to Stanford University's pediatric anesthesiology fellowship program from 2009 to 2019 were reviewed. Only peer‐reviewed journal articles listed as accepted or published were included. Nine additional variables were collected: applicant age, gender, citizenship status, American vs. international medical school, public vs. private medical school, allopathic doctor versus osteopathic doctor, number of years between college and medical school, additional degrees, and application year. The primary outcome was the rate of publication misrepresentation, defined as peer‐reviewed journal citations listed on the application that could not be verified or on which the applicant was not listed as an author. Secondary outcomes were the associations between publication misrepresentation and the additional collected variables.Results1280 peer‐reviewed journal publications from 877 applicants were reviewed. 3.4% of all citations listed as peer‐reviewed journal articles were misrepresented and 9.0% of all applicants with at least 1 publication had ≥1 misrepresented publications. 30.2% of publications labelled “misrepresented” were located in our search of databases but did not have the applicant as an author, and 69.8% could not be located using the search databases. Only one of the 9 collected variables (public vs private medical school) was significantly associated with publication misrepresentation.ConclusionsIn this single‐center retrospective study, publication misrepresentation was found to occur in one out of 11 pediatric anesthesia fellowship applications with at least one publication. Since residency and fellowship applicant publications may be heavily weighted during the application process, programs may want to include additional inquiries into the accuracy of applicant publications.
‘Youth of the world, unite so that you may live’: Youth, internationalism, and the Popular Front in the World Youth Congress Movement, 1936–1939
Authors: Lavery Kevin P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the Popular Front era (1934–1939), communists and liberals participated in new arenas of ideological contact through civil society. Among these was the World Youth Congress Movement (WYCM), an organization that embodied the convergence of three powerful forces of the 1930s: youth, internationalism, and the Popular Front. Although liberal internationalists initiated the WYCM, the involvement of communists drew criticism from socialists, conservatives, and fascists. While historians have traditionally described it as a communist front, the WYCM deserves reconsideration in light of new understandings of youth activism in the 1930s. In tracing the evolution of the movement, this study illustrates how the WYCM served as a space in which liberals and communists coordinated and competed to mobilize youth in the struggle for peace and cooperation. In youth, these groups found a shared interest that allowed them to paper over their contradictions, but only as long as their higher‐order interests aligned.
Alagille syndrome: Oral manifestations—A case report
Authors: Anacleto Murilo Augusto , Melo Christiane Fernandes Ribeiro , Oliveira Rafaela Peixoto , da Silva Luís Candido Pinto , Taitson Paulo Franco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Alagille syndrome (AGLS) is a rare condition, with few studies reported in the literature, especially in the field of dentistry. It consists of a disease involving many systemic problems and specific facial features. The liver and heart are the most intensely affected organs, and depending on the severity, it may be necessary to perform transplants. It is an autosomal dominant disease with a variable expressivity, and its prevalence is 1/100,000 live births. Dental findings are conflicting. Some authors claim that dental anomalies occur only in deciduous dentitions; however, there is evidence that permanent teeth can also be affected, as will be described in this paper, through a case report of a patient diagnosed with AGLS, who sought out the Dentistry service at Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, complaining of a strong stain in her teeth, severe dental crowding, and a facial appearance of prognathism.
A high‐need, high‐impact educational session on firearms and death by suicide
Authors: Bryan Jennifer L. , Chen Rebecca L. , Moon Andrew , Asghar‐Ali Ali A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe suicide rate among Veterans is 1.5 times greater than that for civilians, partly a result of the high use of firearms as the means for suicide. One effective strategy to reduce Veteran suicide by firearms is to provide counseling on firearm safety as a method of means reduction. However, many clinicians do not discuss firearm safety with Veterans.AimsThis study evaluates a one‐hour educational seminar for clinicians on lethal means safety.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and ninety clinicians from the Veterans Health Administration, including social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists, and nurses, participated in the training. The seminar was streamed during the South Central Mental Health Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center's Community‐Based Outpatient Clinic Mental Health Grand Rounds, for which participants were eligible for continuing education units. Data were collected immediately after the training and four months later.ResultsAfter completing the training, participants believed that it was important to speak with Veterans about firearm safety and felt knowledgeable and empowered to do so. Four months after the seminar, participants had counseled, on average, over half of Veterans treated about lethal means safety.DiscussionParticipants reported the value of normalizing discussions about firearm safety with their Veterans and focusing on the safety aspect while discussing firearms.ConclusionsThis webinar was effective in providing clinicians the skills to talk with Veterans about firearm safety and continued to impact their practice four months after training. The training is available for free on our website at https://www.mirecc.va.gov/visn16/public‐health‐approach‐to‐firearms‐and‐death‐by‐suicide.asp.
Blood transfusions in gunshot‐wound‐related emergency department visits and hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Goel Ruchika , Zhu Xianming , Makhani Sarah , Petersen Molly R. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Katz Louis M. , Shaz Beth H. , Austin Richard , Crowe Elizabeth P. , Ness Paul M. , Gehrie Eric A. , Frank Steven M. , Bloch Evan M. , Tobian Aaron A. R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe United States (US) leads all high‐income countries in gunshot wound (GSW) deaths. However, previous US studies have not evaluated the national blood transfusion utilization patterns in hospitalized GSW patients.MethodsData from 2016 to 2017 were analyzed from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) and Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest all‐payer emergency department (ED) and inpatient databases, respectively. Using stratified probability sampling, weights were applied to generate nationally representative estimates. Multivariable Poisson‐regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) of blood transfusion.ResultsThere were 168,315 ED visits and 58,815 hospitalizations (age = 18–90 years) following a GSW. The majority of hospitalizations were men (88.5%), age 18–24 years (31.8%), and assault‐related GSW (51.3%). Blacks had the largest proportion (48.7%) overall of all GSW hospitalizations; Whites accounted for the highest proportion of intentional self‐harm injuries (72.4%). Blood transfusions occurred in 12.7% of hospitalizations (12.0% red blood cell [RBC], 4.9% plasma, and 2.5% platelet transfusions). Only 1.9% of cases were associated with transfusion of all three blood components. Hospitalizations with major/extreme severity of illness had significantly higher prevalence of transfusion versus those with mild/moderate severity [crude PR = 4.79 (95%CI:4.15–5.33, p < .001)]. Overall, 8.2% of hospitalizations with GSW died, of whom 26.8% required blood transfusions, which was significantly higher than survivors [crude PR = 2.34 (95%CI:2.10–2.61, p < .001)]. The vast majority (95%) of the transfusions among those who died were within 48 h since admission.ConclusionsGun‐related violence is a public health emergency in the US, and GSWs are a source of significant mortality, blood utilization, and health care costs.
Equine inflammatory response to abdominal surgery in the absence of gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Bowlby Charles , Mudge Margaret , Schroeder Eric , Godman Jennifer , Hurcombe Samuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the, equine inflammatory response to ventral midline celiotomy in the absence of gastrointestinal disease in horses of varying body condition scores primarily using serial measurements of serum amyloid A (SAA).DesignExperimental clinical study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTen adult light breed horses free of any clinical disease, 5 with body condition score (BCS) 3–4/9 and 5 with BCS 7–8/9.InterventionsHorses had a ventral midline celiotomy performed under general anesthesia, including manual decompression of the small intestine. SAA, semiquantitative fibrinogen, plasma lactate, and WBC count were measured in the blood preoperatively and at 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 168 hours postoperatively. Complete serum biochemistry was performed preoperatively and 24 and 72 hours postoperatively. Serial abdominocentesis was also performed with peritoneal fluid analysis of SAA, total protein, lactate, WBC count, and cytology.Measurements and main resultsSignificant (P < 0.05) increases in serum SAA were noted at 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively (124.6 ± 68.6, 390.8 ± 209.0, 568.6 ± 197.7 μg/mL), and most horses had values approaching normal at 168 hours postoperatively (174.4 ± 307.7 μg/mL). Other values such as fibrinogen also increased in response to surgery but did not return to normal within the measured time points. Horses with high BCS did not have significantly different serum SAA compared to horses with low BCS. Peritoneal fluid SAA did not increase significantly at 12 hours postoperatively.ConclusionsThe information from this study can be used to help determine the effect of anesthesia and surgical intestinal manipulation resulting in increased SAA when a comparison to clinical or experimental cases is needed.