bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of different seaweeds as shelter in nursing mud crab, Scylla paramamosain: Effects on water quality, survival, and growth of crab
Authors: Ly Van Khanh , Arsa Cliford Polo , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh , Tran Ngoc Hai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMud crabs (Scylla spp.) are considered luxury seafood and high market value; hence, mud crab farming is well known in Southeast Asia. However, the prevalence of cannibalistic behavior in crabs thus requires shelter in the culture system to reduce conspecific cannibalism and enhance the survival of crabs. This study aims to determine the suitability of various seaweed species as shelter to improve the survival and production of mud crab Scylla paramamosain crablets. The experiment consisted of seven treatments and was randomly designed in triplicate tanks. The control treatment had no shelter (i.e., without seaweed in the culture tank), and in the other six treatments, red seaweed (Gracilaria tenuistipitata) or green seaweed (Enteromorpha intestinalis) was placed in the rearing tanks at three density levels: 0.5, 1, and 2 kg/m2. Instar 2 crablets were reared at a density of 300 ind/m2, at salinity of 15 g/L, and with continuous aeration. Crablets were fed frozen Artemia biomass to satiation for 4 weeks. Results showed that the survival of crabs in all treatments sharply declined from Week 3 to Week 4 of culture, where the 1 and 2 kg Gracilaria groups showed less reduction than the other treatments. At the end of the experiment, the average survival of crabs in the control group was lowest (17.4%), while the survival of crabs was significantly improved, varying within the ranges of 53.3–70.7% and 27.8–35.9% in the Gracilaria and Enteromorpha groups, respectively. Notably, higher survival resulted in lower growth rates in the seaweed treatments, but enhanced biomass and production of crab juveniles. Moreover, concentrations of TAN, NO2−, NO3−, and PO43− in the Gracilaria treatments were much lower than in both the control and the Enteromorpha treatments that improved water quality in the rearing tanks. The present findings prove that red seaweed G. tenuistipitata could be considered a suitable shelter for the reliable production of mud crab juveniles in the nursery phase.
Pacific white shrimp, red drum, and tilapia integrated in a biofloc system: Use of tilapia as a consumer of total suspended solids
Authors: Poersch Luis , Brunson Jeff , Gaona Carlos A. P. , Stokes Alvin , Richardson Jacob , Pitts Kevin , Leffler John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, for the biological control of suspended solids in an integrated biofloc technology (BFT) system rearing red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, and Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Four integrated systems were structured with recirculating water in closed circuits composed of separate tanks for each species. The experiment compared the use of tilapia to control suspended solids (biological treatment [BT]) to control systems without tilapia. The initial mean weights and stocking densities were: 2 g and 250 ind/m3 for shrimp; 71 g and 1.04 kg/m3 for red drum; and 85 g and 5.12 kg/m3 for tilapia. Temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, alkalinity, salinity, total suspended solids, total ammonia nitrogen (TA‐N), and nitrite were measured. Temperature, DO, pH, alkalinity, and TA‐N were maintained within guidelines recommended for shrimp, red drum, and tilapia. Nitrite concentrations remained within guidelines for red drum and tilapia. No significant difference in growth performance between the control and BT was observed, but the apparent consumption of solids in systems with tilapia resulted in decreased particulate matter in the effluent compared to the control. The study showed that the tilapia could control the suspended solids when integrated with red drum and marine shrimp culture with BFT in an integrated multitrophic system.
Maximizing the differentiation principle in regional IP treaties to advance food security: Limitations in West Africa's regional IP and trade regime
Authors: Ugwu Uchenna F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, I examine whether the contemporary regional intellectual property (IP) agreements negotiated by West African countries are more suitable than multilateral agreements to advance food security in the region, based on the provisions they make for applying the differentiation principle. In this paper, the term “West Africa” is used to designate the 15 countries that are members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the major regional organization in the area (The founding members of ECOWAS were: Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea‐Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania [left 2002], Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, and Burkina Faso [which joined as Upper Volta]. Cape Verde joined in 1977). By reviewing relevant literature and theories, I propose that the human right to development as a differentiating paradigm may be applied in IP regulation, without compromising the requirement of nondiscrimination in IP regimes. I argue that human rights linked to the food security should be differentiated from the proprietary rights granted in IP. After critical doctrinal analysis of West Africa's regional agreements related to IP rights and food security, I conclude that rather than maximising the adoption of the differentiation principle to advance the regions food security, these treaties are surprisingly less flexible than multilateral agreements, creating further challenges for food security in the region. Consequently, I propose an alternative regional framework for differentiation, that allows for differentiation between IP and human rights norms based on the instrumentalist approach to law, as being more suitable for advancing development and food security in West Africa.
Multigenerational pedigree analysis of wild individually marked black sparrowhawks suggests that dark plumage coloration is a dominant autosomal trait
Authors: Nebel C. , Sumasgutner P. , Rodseth E. , Ingle R. A. , Childs D. Z. , Curtis‐Scott O. , Amar A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe black sparrowhawk (Accipitermelanoleucus) is a color‐polymorphic sub‐Saharan raptor, with adults occurring in two discrete color morphs: dark and light. It has previously been suggested that plumage coloration is determined by a one‐locus two‐allele system, with the light allele being dominant over the dark allele. Here, we revisit that assumption with an extended dataset of 130 individuals and pedigree information from 75 individuals spanning five generations. We test the observed offspring phenotypic ratio against the expected ratio under the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and find significant deviations from the expected values. Contrary to the previous assumption, our data indicate that the dark allele is in fact dominant over the light allele. Similarly, the multigenerational pedigrees obtained are incompatible with a one‐locus two‐allele system, where the light allele is dominant but are consistent with a scenario where the dark allele is dominant instead. However, without knowledge of the underlying molecular basis of plumage polymorphism, uncertainty remains, and the intra‐morph variation observed suggests that modifier genes or environmental factors may also be involved. Our study not only provides a foundation for future research on the adaptive function of color polymorphism in the species but also highlights the need for caution when drawing conclusions about the mode of inheritance in wild animal populations in the absence of genetic data, especially when one color variant is numerically much rarer than the other.
Job crafting for female contractors in a male‐dominated profession
Authors: Panteli Niki , Urquhart Cathy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the job crafting experiences of women who left permanent employment for contracting positions in Information Technology (IT), a sector widely considered male‐dominated with limited career opportunities for women. This qualitative study is based on interviews with 24 female IT contractors. Findings show that through the flexibility and autonomy that come with contracting, numerous crafting practices are adopted by female IT contractors enabling them to gain empowerment in a male‐dominated environment. The study contributes to in‐depth understanding of job crafting theory by showing a reflexive relationship between role and resource crafting for women in alternative forms of employment, especially those with a high degree of autonomy. By engaging directly with the experiences of these female IT contractors, we provide unique insights into what might drive women into IT contracting, and why they often stay with this option owing to the freedom and autonomy offered.
Gene regulation at transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels to combat salt stress in plants
Authors: Singh Ankur , Roychoudhury Aryadeep 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoil salinity is a major challenge that will be faced more and more by human population in the near future. Higher salt concentrations in the soil limit the growth and production of crops, which poses serious threats to global food production. Various plant breeding approaches have been followed in the past which are reported to reduce the effect of salt stress by inducing the level of protective metabolites like osmolytes and antioxidants. Conventional breeding approaches are time‐consuming and not cost‐effective. In recent times, genetic engineering has been largely followed to confer salt tolerance through introgressions of single transgenes or stacking multiple transgenes. However, most of such works are limited only at the laboratory level and field trials are still awaited to prove the long‐term efficacy of such transgenics. In this review, we attempt to present a broad overview of the current strategies undertaken to develop halophytic and salt‐tolerant crops. The salt‐induced damages in the plants are highlighted, followed by representing the novel traits, associated with salt stress, which can be used for engineering salt tolerance in glycophytic crops. Additionally, the role of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in plants for amelioration of salt‐induced damages has been reviewed. The role of post‐transcriptional mechanisms such as microRNA regulation, genome editing and alternative splicing, during salt stress, and their implications in the development of salt‐tolerant crops are also discussed. Finally, we present a short overview about the role of ion transporters and rhizobacteria in the engineering of salt tolerance in crop species.
Provincial luxury in Renaissance Verona
Authors: Farrell Zoe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the ways in which taste for luxury was expressed in the homes of the provincial Renaissance elite in sixteenth‐century Verona. Through an analysis of the domestic inventories of a crosssection of Verona’s elite, this article argues that items such as gilded and carved chests, opulent bedding, tapestries, decorated objects and religious paintings formed an integral part of luxury display and formation of family identity in elite Veronese households in the sixteenth century. The article explores how otherwise utilitarian goods were frequently ornamented and used to display taste, wealth, piety and status, as the Veronese elite competed to maintain and augment their position within Verona and the Veneto.Importantly, it is argued that as notable families in Verona manoeuvred amongst an elite social group in the Venetian mainland empire, there developed a shared taste for luxury, which largely mirrored domestic fashions emerging in Venice. Luxury furniture, fabrics and devotional objects were an important part of the construction of a splendid home and thus a positive public reputation for families navigating their way through fragile social hierarchies.
Stratigraphic architecture of a saline lake system: From lake depocentre (Alès Basin) to margins (Saint‐Chaptes and Issirac basins), Eocene–Oligocene transition, south‐east France
Authors: Lettéron Alexandre , Hamon Youri , Fournier François , Demory François , Séranne Michel , Joseph Philippe 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTChanges in sedimentary profiles and stratigraphic architecture over time in lake basins are shown to be relevant markers of climate changes in terrestrial palaeoenvironments. The stratigraphic architecture of the Priabonian (late Eocene)–early Rupelian (early Oligocene) Alès–Saint‐Chaptes–Issirac saline lake system has been reconstructed from the sedimentological, biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic analysis of outcrops and well cores. As a function of the inflow–evaporation balance, three distinct depositional models have been proposed for the Priabonian Alès–Saint‐Chaptes–Issirac lake system which is characterized by both fault‐controlled and low‐angle ramp‐like margins: (i) freshwater to oligohaline lake; (ii) oligohaline to mesohaline closed‐lake; and (iii) hypersaline, evaporitic closed‐lake. Two major stages of lake spreading (possibly middle Priabonian and late Priabonian–early Rupelian) separated by two stages of significant lake closure represented by evaporite succession in the Alès Basin depocentre (middle to late Priabonian) have been evidenced. Regional tectonics and climate induced changes in inflow–evaporation balance of the lake and controlled the development of transgressive–regressive cycles with calcium‐sulphate sedimentation during regression in the lake depocentre (Alès Basin) and during early transgression in lake margins (Saint‐Chaptes and Issirac basins). The correlation between the palaeohydrological cycles inferred for the Alès–Saint‐Chaptes–Issirac lake system and the regional climate changes of Priabonian stage, prior to the Eocene–Oligocene transition, strongly suggests that climate significantly impacted the nature of lacustrine depositional models and the depositional architecture of Palaeogene, syn‐rift, saline lake basins from Western Europe.
Non‐transfusion dependent thalassemia is independently associated with higher alloimmunization risk than transfusion dependent thalassemia and would benefit the most from extended red cell antigen‐matching
Authors: Ang Ai Leen , Lim Chiew Ying , Ng Weng Yik , Lam Joyce Ching Mei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlloimmunization prevalence is conventionally used to identify RBCs alloimmunization risk factors among thalassemia patients, but it may be confounded by differences in transfusion exposure especially between non‐transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT) and transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients. To better identify thalassemia patients with high alloimmunization risks, we used cumulative incidence of first alloimmunization as a function of RBCs transfused to compare alloimmunization risks between TDT and NTDT and to evaluate other risk factors. We also proposed practical strategies to prevent alloimmunization in thalassemia.Study Design and MethodsAdult TDT and NTDT patients who had received ≥2 transfusions and no alloimmunization before their first transfusion were included. Alloimmunization was defined as the development of clinically significant alloantibodies. We estimated the first alloimmunization incidence from transfusion by Kaplan–Meier analysis with the horizontal axis expressed as cumulative non‐antigen‐matched RBC units transfused. We compared this incidence between TDT and NTDT, and analyzed for other alloimmunization risk factors and the alloantibody specificities/frequencies.ResultsThe alloimmunization prevalence was similar between TDT and NTDT (27% vs. 30% respectively, p = .726). However, for the same transfusion exposure, NTDT had higher alloimmunization incidence than TDT (hazard ratio 8.59, 95% confidence interval [2.25–32.74], p = .002), independent of age at first transfusion and last follow‐up, gender, and splenectomy. Anti‐E, anti‐c, anti‐Mia, and anti‐Jka were most frequent.DiscussionNTDT has the highest alloimmunization risk and would benefit the most from extended RBC antigen‐matching, especially C, c, E, and e. Other blood group antigen‐matching should be guided by the patient/donor disparities and alloantibody frequencies in different populations.
Investigation of suspected gadolinium neurotoxicity in a dog
Authors: Fitzgerald Alyson H. , Harkin Kenneth , Biller David , Zhang Yuntao , Njaa Bradley , Ensley Steve 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGadolinium‐based contrast agents are used across species to better visualize abnormalities during MRI and are considered generally safe in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate central nervous system (CNS) gadolinium deposition in 11 dogs that had an MRI performed, received 0.22 mL/kg (0.1 mmol/kg) of gadopentetate dimeglumine, and were necropsied on the same hospital admission. The index case was a 5‐year‐old castrated male Australian Shepherd that presented for ataxia and following MRI developed seizure‐like activity that became refractory to anticonvulsant therapy. Gadolinium concentration was quantified in CNS tissues by inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry and was 43‐fold higher in the index case. These findings suggest the possibility of gadolinium toxicity in select patients.
Serological evidence of Bartonellosis in an indigenous community in the Brazilian Legal Amazonia
Authors: Vivi‐Oliveira Viviane Karolina , Junior Adonai Alvino Pessoa , Lacerda Thays Euzébio Joaquim , Rozental Tatiana , Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio de , Espinosa Mariano Martinez , Zenazokenae Leonir Evandro , Nascimento Vagner Ferreira do , Terças‐Trettel Ana Cláudia Pereira , Santos Marina Atanaka dos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to immunological susceptibility, close contact with the environment and way of life, indigenous communities are in a highly vulnerable condition to be affected by zoonoses, such as bartonellosis.MethodsSeventy three paired serum samples were collected from indigenous people from a region of the Brazilian Legal Amazon, in cohorts carried out in 2014 and 2015, with the performance of serological tests by indirect immunofluorescence to detect anti‐Bartonella IgG antibodies. The interviews and laboratory results were double entered in the EpiInfo 7 software, and the data processing was performed in the MiniTab 17 software.Results5.47% of the indigenous people were seroreagent. The female gender was predominant (65.75%), aged between 20 and 39 years old (39.73%) with complete elementary school (42.47%). As for housing, wooden residences predominated (50.68%). Rodents were seen by 46.58% of the interviewees, and 55.88% of them reported that the animal was close to or inside the house. It was identified that each indigenous family, in its majority, had four to six cats, for the function of hunters of rodents.ConclusionThe high concentration of domestic cats, the close contact of indigenous people with wild rodents and the lack of care and poor hygiene of both are aspects that imply the possibility of infection by Bartonella sp. Health surveillance through seroepidemiological studies is essential to find evidence of the circulation of bartonellosis in these populations.
Biological sex disparity in survival outcomes following treatment for renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Nkemjika Stanley , Tokede Oluwatosin , Jadotte Yuri , Olatunji Eniola , Bosah John , Pigott Terri , Okosun Ike S. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This systematic review will assess the biological sex disparity in survival outcomes following treatment for renal cell carcinoma and analyze the estimates of biological sex disparity outcomes following supposed or proposed curative treatment.

Introduction:
Renal cell carcinoma is a type of kidney cancer. There is a lack of conformity in the literature on the biological sex disparity in survival outcomes after treatment. This review will help inform the decision-making of clinicians, health care administrators, policy makers, public health workers, and pharmaceutical/biotechnology researchers in predicting positive outcomes following treatment.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider prospective and retrospective studies on any form of treatment for renal cell carcinoma. The Cox proportional hazard assumption will be used to conduct survival analysis. Hazard rates of participants’ survivability across biological sex will also be reported.

Methods:
A three-step search strategy will be used. First, a limited search of MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO was conducted and text words in the title, abstract, and index terms were analyzed. Second, a search using identified keywords and index terms will be tailored for all included databases. Third, the reference lists of all included reports and articles will be screened to search for additional studies. There will be no language or date restrictions. Papers not written in English but with a professional translated copy will be included. Study screening, critical appraisal, and data extraction will be conducted independently by pairs of reviewers. Data synthesis will include narrative review and meta-analysis, if appropriate.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020195721
Markov and Monte Carlo Simulation of Waste-to-Energy Power Plants Considering Variable Fuel Analysis and Failure Rates
Authors: Behbahaninia Ali , Banifateme Mohsen , Azmayesh Mohammad Hasan , Naderi Shayan , Pignatta Gloria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the present work, a method has been developed to estimate the annual capacity factor of waste to energy power plants. The case study is an under-construction power plant located in an area of high precipitation rate. Existing data of the waste analysis in the region shows that its content, including the mass fractions of the paper, food, and plastic, changes daily and seasonally. The variation of the waste analysis in addition to components’ failure and the off-design performance of the steam cycle make the behavior of the system highly stochastic. To deal with this stochastic nature, the probability distribution function (PDF) of waste analysis is constructed to consider a range of possible inputs. Moreover, time-varying failure rates are used in Markov analysis to calculate the system’s availability by considering infant failures, random failures, and aging. Also, the off-design performance of the power plant is simulated by thermoflex to capture nonlinearities caused by steam flow reduction in the steam turbine. The PDFs of the municipal solid waste (MSW) physical analysis are estimated by sampling from a pit near the location. The Monte Carlo simulation has been used to couple the stochastic nature of the MSW content to the simulation and operation of the power plant, modeled by thermoflex. The results show 2300 kW for power generation in full load condition in the first year, highlighting 30% power derate due to municipal solid waste quality reduction.