bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clozapine Induces Astrocyte-Dependent FDG-PET Hypometabolism
Authors: Rocha Andreia Silva da , Bellaver Bruna , Souza Débora G. , Schu Guilherme , Fontana Igor Camargo , Venturin Gianina Teribele , Greggio Samuel , Fontella Fernanda Urruth , Schiavenin Manoela L. , Machado Luiza Santos , Miron Diogo , Costa Jaderson Costa da , Neto Pedro Rosa Neto Rosa , Souza Diogo O. , Pellerin Luc , Zimmer Eduardo R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Advances in functional imaging allowed us to visualize brain glucose metabolism in vivo and non-invasively with [18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In the past decades, FDG-PET has been instrumental in the understanding of brain function in health and disease. The source of the FDG-PET signal has been attributed to neuronal uptake, with hypometabolism being considered as a direct index of neuronal dysfunction or death. However, other brain cells are also metabolically active, including astrocytes. Based on the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis, the activation of the glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) acts as a trigger for glucose uptake by astrocytes. With this in mind, we investigated glucose utilization changes after pharmacologically downregulating GLT-1 with clozapine (CLO), an antipsychotic drug.
Methods
Adult male Wistar rats (control, n = 14; CLO, n = 12) received CLO (25/35mg kg−1) for six weeks. CLO effects were evaluated in vivo with FDG-PET and cortical tissue was used to evaluate glutamate uptake, GLT-1 and GLAST levels. CLO treatment effects were also assessed in cortical astrocyte cultures (glucose and glutamate uptake, GLT-1 and GLAST levels) and in cortical neuronal cultures (glucose uptake).
Results
CLO markedly reduced in vivo brain glucose metabolism in several brain areas, especially in the cortex. Ex vivo analyses demonstrated decreased cortical glutamate transport along with GLT-1 mRNA and protein downregulation. In astrocyte cultures, CLO decreased GLT-1 density as well as glutamate and glucose uptake. By contrast, in cortical neuronal cultures, CLO did not affect glucose uptake.
Conclusion
This work provides in vivo demonstration that GLT-1 downregulation induces astrocyte-dependent cortical FDG-PET hypometabolism - mimicking the hypometabolic signature seen in people developing dementia - and adds further evidence that astrocytes are key contributors of the FDG-PET signal.
First-line Osimertinib for Poor Performance Status Patients With EGFR Mutation-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Igawa Satoshi , Fukui Tomoya , Kasajima Masashi , Ono Taihei , Ozawa Takahiro , Kakegawa Mikiko , Kusuhara Seiichiro , Sato Takashi , Nakahara Yoshiro , Hisashi Mitsufuji , Sasaki Jiichro , Naoki Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: The clinical outcomes of poor performance status (PS) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are treated with osimertinib as a first-line treatment have not been sufficiently evaluated. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of osimertinib in chemotherapy-naive and poor PS (2 or more) patients with NSCLC harboring sensitive EGFR mutations.Materials and Methods: We assessed the clinical effects of osimertinib as a first-line treatment for patients with poor PS NSCLC with an exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R mutation in EGFR. All patients were administered osimertinib (80 mg/day) as the initial treatment.Results: Sixteen patients (nine women and seven men) who were treated between August 2018 and July 2021 were included in this study; their median age was 78 years. The overall objective response rate was 56.3%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of the entire patient population was 10.5 months and the PS score improved in 8 of 16 patients (50%). The most common adverse event was acneiform rash (42%), followed by diarrhea (36%) and paronychia (36%); none of these were of grade ≥ 3. Interstitial lung disease occurred in 2 patients (12.5%); however, no treatment-related deaths occurred. Conclusion: Considering the findings of this study, osimertinib appears to be an effective and safe treatment option for patients with poor PS and advanced NSCLC harboring sensitive EGFR mutations. To obtain conclusive results, further studies with larger cohorts are warranted.
Phenotyping and Validation of Molecular Markers Associated With Rust Resistance Genes in Wheat Cultivars in Egypt
Authors: Elshafei Adel , El-Orabey Waled M , Fathallah Fathallah B. , Esmail Ramadan M. , Abou-Zeid Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Thirteen Egyptian wheat cultivars were evaluated and characterized for adult plant resistance (APR) to yellow, leaf, and stem rusts. Markers linked to yellow, leaf and stem rust resistance genes were validated and subsequently used to identify wheat cultivars containing more than one rust resistance gene. Results of the molecular marker detection indicated that several genes, either alone or in different combinations, were present among the wheat cultivars, including Yr, Yr78 (stripe rust), Lr, Lr70 (leaf rust), Sr. Sr33, SrTA10187, Sr13, and Sr35 (stem rust), and Lr34/Yr18 and Lr49/Yr29 (leaf/stripe rust). The cultivar Sakha-95 was resistant to leaf and stem rusts, and partially resistant to stripe rust; however, this cultivar contained additional rust resistance genes (Lr, Sr and Lr/Yr). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) type for the various wheat cultivars differed depending on the type of rust infection (yellow, leaf, or stem rust, indicated by Yr, Lr, and Sr). The cultivars Gem-12, Sids-14, Giza-171, and Giza-168 had AUDPC types of partial resistance (PR) and resistance (R). All six cultivars, however, contained additional rust resistance genes.
Inhibition of Micro-pitting by Tribofilm-forming ZrO2 Nanocrystal Lubricant Additives: A Micro-pitting Rig and Transmission Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Lahouij Imène , Gould Benjamin , Demas Nicholaos G , Greco Aaron C , Chen Zhiyun , Cooper Gregory D , Jackson Andrew , Carpick Robert W 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The drive to reduce fuel consumption in transportation has encouraged the emergence of low viscosity lubricants to reduce viscous losses in the engine, drivetrain, and other components. However, viscosity reduction increases the risk of surface damage, thus motivating the development of new anti-wear (AW) additives. Capped ZrO2 nanocrystals (NCs) in base oils have been shown to form AW tribofilms within microscale sliding contacts. However, the potential of ZrO2 NCs to protect surfaces subjected to rolling-sliding contact from macroscale damage, such as micro-pitting, remains unexplored. Here, we explore the ability of ZrO2 NCs to form protective tribofilms under harsh conditions using a micro-pitting rig (MPR), consisting of a three ring-on-roller configuration. The experiments were conducted in polyalphaolephin (PAO) base oil, with and without 5 nm diameter ZrO2 NCs, at two levels of slide-to-roll ratio (SRR) (30% and 0%) and at variable test durations up to long durations (119 hours). MPR results showed the use of ZrO2 NCs gives rise to the formation of a tribofilm covering the roller surfaces and decreases the initiation and propagation of micro-pits compared to tests in pure PAO base stock. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) performed on focused ion beam (FIB) milled cross-sectional samples of the roller surfaces revealed the growth of dense and 50- 100 nm thick ZrO2-based tribofilms independent of (SRR), indicating the potential for robust micro-pitting fatigue protection. Nevertheless, small cracks localized within the near surface region of the roller tested at the most severe conditions (30% SRR and 119 hours) were observed. The initiation of these cracks was directly related to the presence of manganese sulphide (MnS) inclusions in the steel, revealed using TEM combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results highlight the benefits of the protective tribofilms formed by ZrO2 NCs and suggest approaches for further optimizing their use.
Numerical Modelling of Reinjection And Tracer Transport In A Shallow Aquifer, Nesjavellir Geothermal System, Iceland
Authors: Gomez-Diaz Esteban , Scott Samuel , Ratouis Thomas , Newson Juliet 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Reinjection of excess water from the power production process in Nesjavellir geothermal field has increased the temperature of the shallow groundwaters, posing a risk to cold water wells used for the power plant as well as the ecosystem in Lake Thingvellir. Here, we present a numerical model of the fluid flow and heat transport in the re-injection zone to elucidate the flow path of reinjected liquid and the impact of reinjection on the temperature of groundwaters. The permeability model is based on a 3D geological model of the area and the numerical simulation is calibrated against underground water temperature data measured between 1998-2018 and also data from a tracer test data performed in 2018-2019. We find that the dual-porosity approach is necessary to reproduce the fast and high tracer returns measured in some wells. The model reproduces the overall temperature field and shows how rift-parallel normal faults act as permeable channels controlling fluid transport. If injection continues, the temperature along the lava field increases considerably and spreads vertically to much deeper levels, generating a narrow warm zone along the main fault. If shallow injection ceases, the temperature drops rapidly at the surface, but around the reinjection zone temperatures decrease slowly and the subsurface temperature anomaly remains for the next 20 years. The numerical model in this study allowed a better characterization of the fracture matrix interface and the porosity of postglacial lava flows providing solutions for sustainable water management of the geothermal resource and the surrounding environment.
DNA methylation marker to estimate ovarian cancer cell fraction
Authors: Ebata Takahiro , Yamashita Satoshi , Takeshima Hideyuki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kawata Yoshiko , Kino Nao , Yasugi Toshiharu , Terao Yasuhisa , Yonemori Kan , Kato Tomoyasu , Ushijima. Toshikazu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Evaluation of cancer cell fraction is important for accurate molecular analysis, and pathological analysis is the gold standard for evaluation. Despite the potential convenience, no established molecular marker for evaluation is available. In this study, we aimed to identify ovarian cancer cell fraction markers using DNA methylation highly specific to ovarian cancer cells. Using genome-wide DNA methylation data, we screened candidate marker genes methylated in 30 ovarian cancer FFPE samples and 14 high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines and unmethylated in two female leucocytes and two normal fallopian epithelial cell samples. Methylation levels of three genes, PALLD, SIM1, and ZNF154, showed high correlations with pathological cancer cell fractions among the 30 ovarian cancer FFPE samples (R = 0.56 for PALLD, 0.61 for SIM1, 0.71 for ZNF154). For cost-effective analysis of FFPE samples, pyrosequencing primers were designed, and successfully established for SIM1 and ZNF154. Correlation between pathological cancer cell fraction and methylation levels obtained by pyrosequencing was confirmed to be high (R = 0.52 for SIM1, 0.64 for ZNF154). Finally, an independent validation cohort of 20 ovarian cancer FFPE samples was analyzed. ZNF154 methylation showed a high correlation with the pathological cancer cell fraction (R = 0.81, P < 0.0001), and SIM1 methylation retained its correlation (R = 0.50, P = 0.03). Therefore, the ZNF154 methylation level was considered to be useful for the estimation of ovarian cancer cell fraction, and is expected to help accurate molecular analysis. (237 words < 250 words)
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Results for Patients With 10-19 Versus ≥20 Brain Metastases: Retrospective Studies of 1482 Cohort and 936 Matched Patients (JLGK2107 Study)
Authors: Yamamoto Masaaki , Serizawa Toru , Sato Yasunori , Higuchi Yoshinori , Kasuya Hidetoshi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background and purpose

The role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with ≥20 brain metastases (BMs) is not fully understood as yet. We compared SRS treatment results for ≥20 versus 10-19 BMs.
Materials and methods

This IRB-approved, retrospective cohort study used our prospectively accumulated database including 1482 patients (906 with 10-19 BMs, 576 with ≥20 BMs) treated with gamma knife SRS during a 20-year period (1998-2018).
Results

Because there was considerable bias in pre-SRS clinical factors between the two groups, a case-matched study was conducted and 936 (468 in each of the two groups) patients were selected for this study. The post-SRS median survival time in patients with ≥20 BMs, 5.9 (95% CI; 5.1-6.8) months, was the same as that in patients with 10-19 BMs, 5.9 (95% CI; 5.2-7.2) months. Crude and cumulative incidences of neurological death, neurological deterioration, local recurrence, repeat SRS, salvage whole brain radiotherapy and SRS-related complications, as determined by competing risk analyses, did not differ significantly between the two tumor number groups. Univariable analyses of these 1482 patients demonstrated female gender, Karnofsky Performance Status ≥80%, neurologically asymptomatic, synchronous presentation, controlled primary cancer and no extra-cerebral metastases to be factors significantly favoring longer survival in both the 10-19 and the ≥20 BM groups. To minimize the complication risk, either cumulative or the largest BM volume ≤10 mL and minimum dose ≤20.00 Gy should be taken in consideration when planning treatment.
Conclusions

We conclude that carefully-selected patients with ≥20 tumors are not unfavorable candidates for SRS alone.
REA: Resource Exergy Analysis - A basic guideline for application
Authors: Jentsch Andrej 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This publication provides a basic guideline to the application of Resource Exergy Analysis (REA). REA is an application of exergy analysis to the field of technology comparison. REA aims to help decision makers to obtain an indicator in addition to GHG emissions, that is grounded in science. Resource exergy consumption can replace the less comprehensive primary energy consumption as an indictor and reduce the risk of suboptimal decisions.
Transcriptomic Analyses Provide Insight Into Adventitious Root Formation of Euryodendron Excelsum H. T. Chang During Ex Vitro Rooting
Authors: Xiong Yuping , Zeng Songjun , Chen Shuangyan , Wei Zhenpeng , Chen Xiaohong , Guo Beiyi , Zhang Ting , Yin Yuying , Yu Xincheng , Pang Jinhui , Niu Meiyun , Zhang Xinhua , Li Yuan , Wu Kunlin , Fang Lin , Silva Jaime A. Teixeira da , Ma Guohua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Euryodendron excelsum H. T. Chang, a critically endangered species endemic to China, is a source of valuable material for the furniture and construction industries. However, this species has some challenges associated with rooting during in vitro propagation that have yet to be resolved. In this study, we optimized rooting and conducted a transcriptomic analysis to appreciate its molecular mechanism, thereby promoting the practical application of in vitro propagation of E. excelsum, and providing technical support for the ecological protection of this rare and endangered species. Results showed that ex vitro rooting performed the highest rooting percentage with 98.33% at 25 d. During ex vitro rooting, there was a wide fluctuation of endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at the stage of root primordia formation. Transcriptome analysis revealed multiple differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in AR development. DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction, such as genes encoding auxin-induced protein, auxin-responsive protein, and IAA-amido synthetase Gretchen Hagen3, and in response to H2O2, oxidative stress, abiotic and biotic stimuli were significantly up- or down-regulated by ex vitro treatment with 1 mM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Our results indicate that ex vitro rooting is an effective method to induce AR from E. excelsum plantlets during micropropagation. DEGs involved in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway played a crucial role in AR formation. H2O2, produced by environmental stimulation, might be related to AR induction as a result of the synergistic action with IBA, ultimately regulating the level of endogenous IAA.
An Autism Spectrum Disorder Adaptive Identification Based on the Elimination of Brain Connections: A Proof of Long-Range Underconnectivity
Authors: Benabdallah Fatima zahra , Maliani Ahmed Drissi El , Lotfi Dounia , Jennane Rachid , hassouni Mohammed El 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is theoretically characterized by alterations in functional connectivity between brain regions. Many works presented approaches to determine informative patterns that help to predict autism from typical development. However, most of the proposed pipelines are not specifically designed for the autism problem, i.e they do not corroborate with autism theories about functional connectivity. In this paper, we propose a framework that takes into account the properties of local connectivity and long range under-connectivity in the autistic brain. The originality of the proposed approach is to adopt elimination as a technique in order to well emerge the autistic brain connectivity alterations, and show how they contribute to differentiate ASD from controls. Experimental results conducted on the large multi-site Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) show that our approach provides accurate prediction up to 70% and succeeds to prove the existence of deficits in the long-range connectivity in the ASD subjects brains.
Formability Enhancement of Ultra-Fine Grained Pure Copper Sheets Produced by Accumulative Roll Bonding Aided by Electromagnetic Forming
Authors: afrasiab Mohammad , Hojjat Yousef , Faraji Ghader , Naeini Hassan Moslemi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) is a new and cost-effective process for the production of ultrafine-grained sheets by applying severe plastic deformation. Various mechanical properties of sheets improve after ARB process. However, the material formability severely decreases in the ARBed sheets restricting their usage in industrial applications. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the high strain rates on the formability improvement of ultrafine-grained sheets manufactured by the ARB process. For this purpose, the electromagnetic forming (EMF) has been performed for applying high strain rates on ARBed pure copper sheets and its capability to resolve the low toughness issue of the ultrafine-grained products of the ARB process has been investigated. In the first step, several sheet samples have been subjected to one, two, and three ARB passes, and their mechanical properties such as microhardness, mechanical strength, and formability have been determined after each pass. The results have indicated a substantial increase in the sheets hardness and mechanical strength and a significant decrease in their formability especially after the first pass. Afterwards, the Nakazima test and the EMF have been used to form the ARBed sheet samples in the quasi-static and high strain rate conditions and then the forming limit diagram and formability of formed samples have been compared in these conditions. It has been found that the formability of the one-, two-, and three-pass ARBed sheets in plane strain conditions have been, respectively, increased 102%, 113%, and 99% in the high strain rate with respect to the quasi-static condition.
Double Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound for the Preoperative Gross Classification of Gastric Cancer: a Comparison With Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: He Ping , Zeng Lan , Miao Liying , Wang Tianli , Ye Juxiang , Meng Lingmei , Xue Heng , Zhang Fan , Zhao Bo , Ge Huiyu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of double contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCEUS) and multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) in the gross classification of gastric cancer (GC) preoperatively. Methods 54 patients with GC proved by histology were included in this study. The sensitivity and specificity of DCEUS and MDCT for gross classification were calculated and compared. The area under the curve (AUC) from a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the difference of the diagnostic performance between these two methods.Results There were no significant differences between DCEUS and MDCT in terms of AUC values for early gastric cancer (EGC) and Borrmann Ⅰ-Ⅲ (P = 0.248, 0.317, 0.717 and 0.464, respectively). However, the sensitivities of DCEUS for EGC, Borrmann Ⅰ and Borrmann Ⅲ were higher than those of MDCT (75% versus 62%; 100% versus 50%; 90% versus 73%). The specificity of DCEUS for Borrmann Ⅲ was lower than that of MDCT (50% versus 75%). The AUC value of MDCT for Borrmann Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of DCEUS (0.927 versus 0.625; P=0.001). The accuracy and specificity of DCEUS and MDCT for Borrmann Ⅳ were similar, but the sensitivity of MDCT was significantly higher than that of DCEUS (88% versus 25%).Conclusion DCEUS may be considered as a useful complementary imaging modality to MDCT for the evaluation of the gross classification of GC preoperatively.
Five Year Trends in the Utilization of Robotic Bariatric Surgery Procedures, United States 2015-2019
Authors: Marroquin Elisa M , Khatiwada Shreeya , Xie Luyu , Cruz-Muñoz Nestor de la , Kukreja Sachin , Schneider Benjamin , Qureshi Faisal , Messiah Sarah E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the national 5-year utilization trends and outcomes in robotic metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS).Study design: Retrospective analysis of 2015-2019 MBSAQIP data. Kruskal-Wallis test/Wilcoxon rank-sum test and generalized linear models were used to compare continuous/categorical variables. Chi square tests were used to compared robotic versus laparoscopic approaches.Results: The use of robotic MBS increased from 6.2% in 2015 to 13.5% in 2019 (N= 775,258). Robotic MBS patients had marginally higher age, body mass index, and likelihood of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, renal insufficiency, gastroesophageal reflux, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnea, vena cava filter, coronary angioplasty, anticoagulation therapy, mobility devices, and dependency, but lower organ transplantations compared to laparoscopic patients. Robotic MBS patients showed higher 30-day reinterventions and readmissions alongside a longer surgery time (26-38 min).Conclusion: Robotic MBS shows higher reintervention and readmission rates which could be driven by the higher baseline comorbidity rates of this group.