bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid lipid nanocarriers as alternative drug delivery system for improved oral delivery of drugs
Authors: Thirupathi Gorre , Kumara Swamy Samanthula , Ramesh Alli 
Published: January 2021

Oral bioavailability of drugs is mainly limited due to the poor aqueous solubility, enhanced chemical degradation, reduced permeation and/or first pass metabolism. Various novel delivery systems are developed for improved oral bioavailability of these drugs such as modified orals, buccal, transdermal and osmotic delivery systems. Colloidal carrier systems such as nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, microspheres, liposomes, resealed erythrocytes and transfersomes were also developed to enhance the oral delivery. Among these, solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs) also gain much attention on the enhancement of oral bioavailability. SLNs are submicron sized nanoparticles and composed of solid lipid, surfactants and cosurfactants. The enhanced oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs from SLNs might be due to the reduced particle size, bypassed presystemic metabolism, and enhanced gastric mucosa permeability. Vast literature is available for the advantages, limitations, preparation methods, evaluation parameters and application of SLNs in different routes. This review mainly focused on list of drugs developed as SLNs and considered as an alternative approach to enhance the oral bioavailability based on pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodyanmic parameters was discussed.
Keywords: Oral bioavailability, solubility, first-pass metabolism, solid lipid nanoparticles, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics.
Genetics of Colorectal Cancer: Role of p53
Authors: Champanery Rajashri , Joshi Drashti 
Published: January 2021

The tumor suppressor TP53 gene is one of the most frequently mutated in different types of human cancer. Particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC), it is believed that TP53 mutations play a role in the adenoma-carcinoma transition of tumors during pathological process. The TP53 mutation is the key step driving the transition from adenoma to adenocarcinoma. The functional roles of TP53 mutation in tumor development have been comprehensively investigated. In this mini review, we comprehensively summarize the p53 mutants in CRC progression and discuss the current strategies for p53 mutants in malignancies.
Keywords: p53 mutants, colorectal cancer, Tp53 mutation
Oral Gene Delivery: An Innovative Approach for Colorectal Center Therapy
Authors: Patel Meghna , Patel Kinjal , Patel Devanshi 
Published: January 2021

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world characterized by neoplasia in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Current treatment approaches include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery however non-specific bio-distribution of anti-cancer drug, lack of effective and safe drug delivery career, drug resistance and relapse are major limiting factors of current therapy. Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development. The future of gene therapy depends on achieving successful delivery of wild type gene to replace a faulty gene. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in delivery of drugs and gene via the gastrointestinal tract. Gene therapy via this route has many advantages, including non-invasive access and the versatility to treat local diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, as well as systemic diseases, such as haemophilia. However, the intestine presents several distinct barriers and, therefore, the design of robust non-viral delivery systems is key to future success. The review covers obstacles in the path of successful gene therapy using oral route to treat colorectal cancer as well as strategies to overcome.
Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Oral gene delivery, Targeted delivery
Ethnobotanical Indices on Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Poisonous Bites in Thiruppuvanam Region of Sivagangai District in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Shanmugam S , Sundari A , Muneeswaran S , Vasanth C , Jayakumararaj R , Rajendran K 
Published: January 2021

Poisonous bites are serious problems in tropical countries like India. Both the tribal and non-tribal people prefer herbal treatment for poisonous bites. In this manner, an ethnomedicinal investigation was carried out to explore the plants used to treat poisonous bites in Thiruppuvanam region of Sivagangai district. By this research work, a total of 16 medicinal remedies prepared from 16 species of angiosperms belonging to 15 genera comes under 13 families are in medicinal utility for the treatment of poisonous bites. It was documented that, 9 plants were used for the treatment of snake bite, 3 plants for the treatment of scorpion sting, 2 for all type of bites, 1 for dog bite, insect bite and rat bite. Among the 16 species recorded, dicots were represented with 11 species belonging to 10 genera of 9 families and monocots were 5 species of 5 genera belonging to 4 families. Aristolochiaceae, Lamiaceae and Liliaceae were found as dominant families with 2 species each (12.5%) and 10 families were noted with single species (each of 6.25%). Regarding the habits of medicinal plants, 8 species cited were herbs. It was also observed that leaves were mostly used plant part (43.75%) to treat poisonous bites. The medicinal preparation was mostly used in the form of extract (62.5%) and the administration of the medicine prepared was mainly taken as drink (64.70%). Musa paradisiaca (UV of 0.85 with 17 use-reports) was the most frequently and popularly used medicinal plant species in the study area. It is necessary to perform phytochemical or pharmacological studies on these traditionally used plants used for medicinal purposes to ascertain their therapeutic efficiencies.
Keywords: Ethnobotanical indices, Medicinal plants, Poisonous bites, Thiruppuvanam region, Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu.
Cost Effective Accurate and Precise Analytical Method Development of Content Estimation of N-Nitrosodimethyl Amine and N-Nitrosodiethyl Amine in Olmesartan Medoxomil by GC-MS
Authors: Venkatesan Baskar , Sharma Pushpendra , Singh Asheesh 
Published: January 2021

A simple, precise and accurate GCMS method was developed for estimation the content estimation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) & N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) in drug substances. The content was determined by GCMS on DB-CAM 30.0 m Χ 0.32 mm, 0.5µm Capillary column and helium was used as carrier gas, using methanol as diluent at column flow rate of 2.0 mL/min and Ion source temperature & Interface temperature at 200ºC and Detector gain mode relative to tuning file with acquisition mode Q3 SIM. The method was developed and evaluated for validation parameter as per ICH guidelines for Specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision. The method shows good linearity over the range of 10%-150% for NDMA and NDEA for olmesartan. The average percentage recoveries were found within predefined acceptance criteria (10% and 100%) for N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) & N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in olmesartan medoxomil, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method can be applied for routine analysis of the bulk drugs as well as combined pharmaceutical dosage forms of olmesartan medoxomil.
Keywords: Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM), N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) &, N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) GCMS, Validation, Analytical validation.
The Hepatoprotector Effect of Uncaria gambir Roxb Extract in Wistar Rats Induced by Paracetamol
Authors: Suparni , , Musthari , , Mutia Liza , Sinurat Mangoloi , Syarifah Siti , Sedana Dila , Anggraini Dwi Rita , Ichwan Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Background: Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is known as the damage of liver cells due to chronic administrations of drug. The chronic administration of paracetamol could be trigger the damage of liver cells.The hepatoprotector agents are still limited worldwide. Gambier(Uncaria gambir Roxb) is an Indonesia’traditional medicine which have many benefits as antioxidant, antiseptic, antidiarrhoea, etc that commonly used in society. Method: The present study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotector effect ofgambier in wistar rats induced by paracetamol. The wistar rats were divided into seven groups and received the treatment orally for 12 days. Group I (aquadest), II(curcuma,400 mg/kgBW),III (gambier,26 mg/200gr), IV(gambier, 53 mg/200gr), V(gambier,106 mg/200gr),VI(gambier,212 mg/200gr) and VII(gambier,424mg/200gr). Termination, blood and liver organ collection were done after all group induced by paracetamol for two days. Histopatology changes of liver were examined using Hematoxycilline (HE) staining. AST and ALT levels were analyzed. Results: There were significant differentiation of AST levels among the groups, especially between group I and group IV and between group II and group IV. The ALT levels were statistically significant between group II and group V using Mann-Whitney test (p<0,05). In histopatology examination, there were significant differentiation between group I with another group, not only group II but also group III-VII (p<0,05). In the treatment group, group III and IV had been showed the improvement of liver cells damage than group I by using One-way Annova, post hoc Bonferroni (p<0,05). Conclusion: Uncaria gambir Roxb has hepatoprotector activity start at dose 53 mg/200grBWin rats. The hepatoprotector activity was not superior than curcuma. Keywords: hepatoprotector, Uncaria gambir Roxb, AST,ALT,histopatology
Improving Bioavailability of Phytochemicals through Niosomes
Authors: Poorani V. , Selvakumar K. , Venkat Kumar G. 
Published: January 2021

The role of nanotechnology in different sectors is increasing and improving day by day. The nanovectors or nanovehicles play a very major role in transporting essential components into the body across barriers, such as skin, intestine, blood-brain barrier, etc., which is a very essential part of pharmacology. Niosomes are one such vehicle of nano size, which can effectively improve the delivering properties of therapeutically and cosmeceutically important compounds. This short review examines different research that has been carried out in the last two decades involving niosomes to improve the bioavailability of pharmaceutically important phytochemical compounds.
Keywords: Niosomes, Phytochemicals, Bioavailability, Drug delivery
Clinicopathological Profile of Low-Grade B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Tertiary Health Care in West Java Indonesia
Authors: Primastari Etis , Hernowo Bethy Suryawathy , Dewayani Birgitta Maria 
Published: January 2021

Background: Low-grade B cell Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a group of lymphomas that are predominantly indolent and make up approximately 50% of all malignant lymphomas. Initial therapy for low-grade B cell LNH has an overall response rate of between 85-94% and a refractory rate of 6-10%. Few reports have been published regarding the clinicopathological characteristics of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases, especially low-grade B cell types. This research aims to determine the clinicopathological profile of low-grade B cell type non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases.
Method: This research is a descriptive study using cross-sectional methods. The sample consisted of 40 low-grade B cell type NHL cases from January 2015 to June 2020 at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. Clinicopathological data, including age, sex, location of the tumor (nodal or extranodal), stage, B symptoms, and response to therapy, were taken from the patients’ medical records. Data were categorized into 2 groups based on response to initial therapy.
Results and Discussion: Of the 40 cases diagnosed with low-grade B cell type NHL, 55% responded to initial therapy. From the non-response group, 61.1% were stage II and 72.2% exhibited B symptoms. There were no significant differences in age, sex, tumor location (nodal or extranodal), stage, or B symptoms in the response and non-response groups.
Conclusion: In this study, 45% of patients with low-grade B cell type NHL did not respond to initial therapy. There was no statistically significant difference in the clinicopathological profiles of the response and non-response groups to initial therapy in cases of low-grade B cell type NHL.
Keywords: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, low-grade B cell lymphoma, therapy response, clinicopathological
Role of MMP-9 in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Mastari Ekawaty Suryani , Widjaja Sry Suryani , Siregar Yahwardiah , Sari Mutiara Indah 
Published: January 2021

Diabetic retinopathy is a common neurovascular complication of diabetic that strike a third of diabetic patients worldwide. Complex mechanism of biomolecules including enzyme and cytokines is related to oxidative stress of constant hyperglycaemia. Vascular permeability damage resulting from endothelial leakage and apoptosis of Muller cell is the main mechanism of retinal damage. MMPs as endopeptidases have an important role in angiogenesis process of retinopathy by working with various molecules of growth factors, chemokines, cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. MMP-9 has been widely shown to be associated with inflammation, blood-retinal barrier disruption, cell apoptosis and neovascularization in the diabetic retinopathy pathomechanism. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; MMP; MMP-9; Blood-retinal barrier
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THYMOQUINONE NANOPARTICLES PEGYLATED AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Hasrawati A. , Rizaldi Irsan , Febrianti Deisy , Mursyid A Mumtihanah , Bakri Neneng Amelia 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Thymoquinone is a main component of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.) with various pharmacological activities, but has poor stability and bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to carry out the preparation and characterization of timoquinone nanoparticles PEGylation.
Methods: The Thymoquinone nanoparticles (TQ-NP) were made with PEGylation using PEG 6000 with the concentrations on each preparation of 3 mM (A), 4 mM (B), and 5 mM (C) then were evaluated by the parameter of yield percentage Entrapment Efficiency (EE) and Drug Loading (DL), drug release, size and distribution particle, morphological analysis and Fourier Transform-Infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR).
Results: Thymoquinone nanoparticle was PEGylated with PEG 6000 has the highest efficiency entrapment of 99.9718±0.029% in formula A, with the capacity of drug loading 0,66%. Formulation A release 99.9718±0.029% of Thymoquinone at 50 minutes. The morphological observations with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed spherical nanoparticles morphology.

Peer Review History:
Received 11 September 2020; Revised 5 Decembe; Accepted 3 January, Available online 15 January 2021
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file: Comments of reviewer(s):
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Evren Alğin Yapar, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Turkiye, evren.yapar@yahoo.com
Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com
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COVID-19: CURRENT PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
Authors: Ghoneim Mai ES. , Khalifa Asmaa A. , Ali Bassma M. 
Published: January 2021

By the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2, a new virus from Coronaviruses family, has been detected in China and was responsible for COVID-19 disease. This disease has been suddenly and vigorously disseminated among individuals all over the world. Based on genetic vicinity, this novel virus is similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV; it can spread from an unknown animal host to individuals. Till now, there is no specific therapy or vaccine for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. However, published clinical data and in vitro studies may offer treatment strategies of some effective antiviral and repurposed drugs, including remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, corticosteroids, etc. This narrative review describes current pharmacological proposed treatments for COVID-19 patients and available experimental and clinical studies for these drugs. Eventually, these data may help to explain the most preferable way to treat COVID-19 and lessen symptoms and complications accompanied with it.

Peer Review History:
Received 6 November 2020; Revised 25 Decembe; Accepted 4 January, Available online 15 January 2021
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file: Comments of reviewer(s):
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, toyinpharm@gmail.com
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr
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Ensiklopedia Digital Interaktif Songket Palembang Berbasis Mobile Device untuk Siswa Jenjang SMP
Authors: Sari Intan Permata , Permana Fahmi Candra , Firmansyah Feri Hidayatullah 
Published: January 2021

Songket Palembang merupakan salah satu wastra Indonesia yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hiasnya. Songket Palembang tidak hanya memiliki makna estetis, ada kandungan nilai filosofis dan makna yang sangat dalam untuk setiap helai kain songket, terutama pada songket yang diproduksi diawal-awal kemunculannya. Seiring dengan perkembangan songket tersebut, saat ini terdapat beberapa songket yang tidak memenuhi aturan dalam struktur motifnya, sehingga sulit membedakan motif-motif songket. Apabila hal ini dibiarkan saja, maka lama kelamaan satu per satu nilai dan makna dari wastra Indonesia akan hilang beriringan dengan deras arus globalisasi saat ini. Selain itu, bayaknya ragam hias yang dimiliki songket Palembang namun tidak diiringi dengan minat generasi muda untuk mengetahui ragam hias tradisional. Dalam rangka memperkuat identitas bangsa, perlunya upaya dan tindakan untuk melindungi dan melestarikan budaya Indonesia kepada generasi muda, terutama pada remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode Design and Development Research (D&D). Perancangan aplikasi diadaptasikan berdasarkan karakteristik remaja, sehingga remaja dapat lebih tertarik untuk mengenal dan mulai menyukai kain tradisional. Dengan adanya ensiklopedia digital interaktif ragam hias songket Palembang ini siswa dapat lebih memotivasi siswa dalam mengenal konten tradisional Indonesia.
Implementation and Analysis of Social Network Graph in Interpersonal Network
Authors: Tripathi Akshay , Gaur Ankush Kumar , Sri Sweta 
Published: January 2021

Social graph describes the graphical model of users and how they are related to each other online. Social network consists of a set of nodes (sometimes referred to as actors or vertices in graph theory) connected via some type of relations which are known as edges. Actors are the smallest unit of the network. It can be Persons, Organizations, and Families etc. Relations can be of many types such as directed, undirected, and weighted. Social network analysis consists of two phases. One is data collection phase and another is analysis phase. Data is collected with the help of surveys, Social sites such as face book, LinkedIn. We first input the user information in form of two dimensional matrices. Then we construct a graph based on the relationships among users from adjacency matrix. We can draw a directed graph or a simple graph based on the user input information from adjacency matrix. After analyzing the graph properties based on degree of node, centrality and other parameters we will give effective solution. There are many applications of analyzing social network for example examine a network of farm animals, to analyze how disease spread from one cow to another, discover emergent communities of interest among faculty at various universities, Some public sector uses include development of leader engagement strategies, analysis of individual and group engagement and media use, and community-based problem solving etc. Social network analysis is used widely in the social and behavioral sciences, as well as in economics, marketing, and industrial engineering. The social network perspective focuses on the relationships among social entities and is an important addition to standard social and behavioral research which is primarily concerned with attributes of the social units.