bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nighttime ionospheric response and occurrence of equatorial plasma irregularities during geomagnetic storms: a case study
Authors: Wan Xin , Xiong Chao , Gao Shunzu , Huang Fuqing , Liu Yiwen , Aa Ercha , Yin Fan , Cai Hongtao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent studies revealed that the long-lasting daytime ionospheric enhancements of Total Electron Content (TEC) were sometimes observed in the Asian sector during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms (e.g., Lei (J Geophys Res Space Phys 123: 3217–3232, 2018), Li (J Geophys Res Space Phys 125: e2020JA028238, 2020). However, they focused only on the dayside ionosphere, and no dedicated studies have been performed to investigate the nighttime ionospheric behavior during such kinds of storm recovery phases. In this study, we focused on two geomagnetic storms that happened on 7–8 September 2017 and 25–26 August 2018, which showed the prominent daytime TEC enhancements in the Asian sector during their recovery phases, to explore the nighttime large-scale ionospheric responses as well as the small-scale Equatorial Plasma Irregularities (EPIs). It is found that during the September 2017 storm recovery phase, the nighttime ionosphere in the American sector is largely depressed, which is similar to the daytime ionospheric response in the same longitude sector; while in the Asian sector, only a small TEC increase is observed at nighttime, which is much weaker than the prominent daytime TEC enhancement in this longitude sector. During the recovery phase of the August 2018 storm, a slight TEC increase is observed on the night side at all longitudes, which is also weaker than the prominent daytime TEC enhancement. For the small-scale EPIs, they are enhanced and extended to higher latitudes during the main phase of both storms. However, during the recovery phases of the first storm, the EPIs are largely enhanced and suppressed in the Asian and American sectors, respectively, while no prominent nighttime EPIs are observed during the second storm recovery phase. The clear north–south asymmetry of equatorial ionization anomaly crests during the second storm should be responsible for the suppression of EPIs during this storm. In addition, our results also suggest that the dusk side ionospheric response could be affected by the daytime ionospheric plasma density/TEC variations during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms, which further modulates the vertical plasma drift and plasma gradient. As a result, the growth rate of post-sunset EPIs will be enhanced or inhibited.
N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibody in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD): presence and association with symptom profile
Authors: Elshahawi Heba Hamed , Taha Ghada Refaat Amin , Azzam Hanan Mohamed Ezzeldin , El Ghamry Reem H. , Abdelgawad Ahmed Adel Mohammad , Elshiekh Mohammad Abdullah Ahmad Abdullah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Several studies pointed to immune dysregulation abnormalities linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Of those, several autoantibodies had been identified. Recent findings of N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis suggested that it caused symptoms like autistic regression. Thus, the purpose of the study was to test for the presence of anti-NMDAR antibodies in the ASD disorder population and to correlate this with the clinical findings.

Results
Eighty-seven autistic children, 4–12 years old, were enrolled in the study and were matched with sixty typically developing children used as controls. The diagnosis of cases was confirmed by ADOS-2 and clinical evaluation. None of the control children had positive anti-NMDAR antibodies, while 26.4% (23 children) of the patients’ group were positive for serum anti-NMDA receptor antibodies (> 200 pg/ml, p = 0.0157). The positive anti-NMDAR antibody was statistically correlated with better speech stage (p = 0.017), more severe stereotyped behavior (p ≤ 0.001), and abnormal EEG findings (p = 0.025).

Conclusions
There is a possibility of the presence of anti-NMDAR antibodies in the autism spectrum disorder population with certain characteristics, especially the severity of the stereotyped behaviors.
The impact of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of iron overload in heart and liver in transfusion-dependent thalassemic children: Minia experience
Authors: El Sherif Ashraf M. , Ibrahim Ahmed S. , Elsayed Mohamed A. , Abdelhakim Ahmed S. , Ismail Ahlam M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Thalassemia is the most prevalent single-gene disorder. Myocardial and hepatic iron depositions lead to complications and eventually death. We aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging T2* (MRI T2*) in quantifying iron overload in liver and heart in transfusion-dependent B-thalassemia major (TDT) children.

Methods
Prospective clinical study was carried on sixty children diagnosed with TDT. All of them underwent laboratory investigations, including CBC, serum iron, and ferritin levels. MRI T2* of the heart and liver was carried out to measure the iron overload and estimate the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Results
Thirty-eight males and 22 females with TDT with a mean age of 13.23 years were included. Twenty cases (33.3%) had severe liver iron overload, while 36 (60%) had normal cardiac iron. There was a moderate significant negative association between hepatic and cardiac iron deposition (P = 0.03). All cases with severe cardiac iron overload had impaired LVEF below 56%. A non-significant positive association was noticed between cardiac iron deposition and LVEF in T2* (P = 0.08). A moderate negative significant association was detected between hepatic iron deposition and serum ferritin, while a fair negative significant association was found between serum ferritin and cardiac iron deposition with P values of 0.04 and 0.02, respectively.

Conclusion
MRI T2* is the gold standard for monitoring and follow-up of iron overload in the heart and liver. It should be routinely performed in all TDT children as liver iron, and serum ferritin do not reflect cardiac iron overload.
Price and volatility persistence of the US REITs market
Authors: Adekoya Oluwasegun B. , Oduyemi Gabriel O. , Oliyide Johnson A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study revisits the issue of REITs market efficiency for the US having discovered two notable gaps. Noting the complexities, structural changes and nonlinearities in modern financial markets, we employ the fractional integration technique which performs better than other commonly used techniques in the presence of structural breaks, fractional integration, trend-stationarity and regime switching in time series. Summarizing our results, we find that the US REITs market is efficient in the overall sample. However, when the data are splitted, market efficiency only occurs in the pre-crisis period, but becomes less so during the crisis and post-crisis periods. In addition, evidence of mean reverting long-memory behavior is established for REITs volatility, although mean reversion is slower during and after the crisis. These results are robust to different data measurement and have crucial policy implications for potential investors and relevant policy makers.
Cervicothoracic lipoblastoma: three case reports and review of literature
Authors: Ghallab Alaa , Elmahmoud Mohamed , Alhadad Majed , Albatniji Khalil , Alsaggaf Ameen , Elhendy A. Gawad , Alshafi Alam , Aljubab Abdulwahab S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Lipoblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor of embryonal fat affecting mainly children below 3 years of age. It presents usually as a painless rapidly growing soft lobular mass in the extremities, trunk, and less frequently in the head-neck region. Preoperative imaging is used to assess the extent of disease and aid surgical planning. Complete surgical excision without injury to surrounding vital structures is the treatment of choice.

Case presentation
We report three interesting lipoblastoma cases: mediastinal lipoblastoma with airway compression and ipsilateral diaphragmatic eventration, neck lipoblastoma with intrathoracic extension, and huge thoracic inlet lipoblastoma with compression of common carotid and Lt subclavian arteries, brachial plexus, and ipsilateral diaphragmatic eventration. Complete excision of lipoblastoma mass was done via neck incision in two cases, and the third case required thoracoscopic excision of intrathoracic remnant 6 months later. All three patients had an excellent outcome.

Conclusions
Management of cervicothoracic lipoblastoma is a surgical challenge due to the potential for rapid growth and extension to different fascial planes; however, successful excision can be achieved via a neck approach. Complete surgical excision is essential to prevent local recurrence and improve the outcome.
Impact of nurses' emotional intelligence on the implementation of a professional practice model in cancer care
Authors: Al-Ruzzieh Majeda A , Ayaad Omar 
Published: November 2021

Aim:To examine the impact of emotional intelligence on the effective implementation of a professional practice model in a specialised cancer centre.Methods:The study used a cross-sectional design with 580 frontline nurses at King Hussein Cancer Center, Jordan. The sample was selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using two self-administered questionnaires to measure emotional intelligence and professional practice.Results:The overall mean value of emotional intelligence was 5.60 out of 6 (SD=0.78), while the overall mean value for the implementation of the professional practice model was 4.76/5 (SD=0.59). The results showed that the overall mean value of emotional intelligence had a significant positive correlation with the effective implementation of the professional practice model (r=0.580, P<0.001), even after adjusting for the participants' demographics (P<0.001).Conclusion:Emotional intelligence can be considered a predictor for the effective implementation of a professional practice model.
Functional outcome of routine versus on-demand removal of the syndesmotic screw: a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sanders Fay R. K. , Birnie Merel F. , Dingemans Siem A. , van den Bekerom Michel P. J. , Parkkinen Markus , van Veen Ruben N. ,   RODEO collaborator group, Goslings J. Carel , Schepers Tim 
Published: November 2021

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate whether on-demand removal (ODR) is noninferior to routine removal (RR) of syndesmotic screws regarding functional outcome. Methods Adult patients (aged above 17 years) with traumatic syndesmotic injury, surgically treated within 14 days of trauma using one or two syndesmotic screws, were eligible (n = 490) for inclusion in this randomized controlled noninferiority trial. A total of 197 patients were randomized for either ODR (retaining the syndesmotic screw unless there were complaints warranting removal) or RR (screw removed at eight to 12 weeks after syndesmotic fixation), of whom 152 completed the study. The primary outcome was functional outcome at 12 months after screw placement, measured by the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS). Results There were 152 patients included in final analysis (RR = 73; ODR = 79). Of these, 59.2% were male (n = 90), and the mean age was 46.9 years (SD 14.6). Median OMAS at 12 months after syndesmotic fixation was 85 (interquartile range (IQR) 60 to 95) for RR and 80 (IQR 65 to 100) for ODR. The noninferiority test indicated that the observed effect size was significantly within the equivalent bounds of -10 and 10 scale points (p < 0.001) for both the intention-to-treat and per-protocol, meaning that ODR was not inferior to RR. There were significantly more complications in the RR group (12/73) than in the ODR group (1/79) (p = 0.007). Conclusion ODR of the syndesmotic screw is not inferior to routine removal when it comes to functional outcome. Combined with the high complication rate of screw removal, this offers a strong argument to adopt on demand removal as standard practice of care after syndesmotic screw fixation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(11):1709–1716.
Study of First Principles of Mg-Si Binary Systems as Precipitates from T6 Heat Treatment of AL-MG-SI ALLOYS
Authors: Haryadi Deni , Rudianto Haris 
Published: November 2021

<p>One of the purposes adding the two main alloying elements Si and Mg in small quantities (≈ 1%) on Aluminum is to form strengthening precipitates in aluminium alloy, which typically contribute with a fivefold strength increase from pure aluminum. In the last decades, the investigation has begun to understand the structure and formation of the different phases during heat treatment. An important precipitate in Al-Mg-Si Alloy is β" and β. when the Precipitate β is created after β" is that the strength suddenly drops and the alloy is said to be overaged. By means of a first-principles supercell approach and density functional theory calculations, this research studied precipitate energy and interface energy of precipitate β" and β. Results show that precipitate β have precipitate energy higher then β" but have interface energy lowers then β". And each low energy interface was found possesses interface with the Al matrix is fully incoherent. The final result of calculation and simulation values for the interfacial energies, precipitate energies and strain energies that can be used in future predictions of the characteristic precipitate.</p>
Modeling electromagnetic resonators using quasinormal modes: Erratum
Authors: Trøst Kristensen Philip , Herrmann Kathrin , Intravaia Francesco , Busch Kurt 
Published: November 2021

We present a correction to Eq. (42) in Adv. Opt. Photon.
12, 612 (2020)AOPAC71943-820610.1364/AOP.377940.
Two-photon pumped dual-beam lasing: tristable operation
Authors: Zhang Feng-Dong , Wang Xing-Sheng , Cai Peng-Cheng , Tan Yong , Cai Hong-Xing , Jin Guang-Yong , Lin Jing-Quan , He Guang S. 
Published: November 2021

Using two focused 1064 nm pump beams with an intensity ratio 3:1 and a small crossing angle

θ
≈

3.1

∘

, two-photon pumped (2PP) tristable lasing behavior has been observed in a dye (AMSPT) solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). When each pump beam is incident alone, the measured pump energy threshold for 2PP lasing is

∼

3.8

m
J

. However, when the two pump beams are incident together, the energy of the strong pump beam varies from 4 to 10 mJ and the energy of the weak pump beam varies from 1.3 to 3.3 mJ. We then observe two simultaneous output lasing beams. However, when the strong pump beam is blocked, the weak pump beam is unable to create its own lasing output. This observed dual-beam lasing behavior can be well explained by a physical model of energy transfer between these two pump beams via the reflection of an induced Bragg grating. This observed dual-beam and tristable lasing behavior may be useful for future applications in an optical logical circuit or an optical computing system.
Effectiveness of health voucher scheme and micro-health insurance scheme to support the poor and extreme poor in selected urban areas of Bangladesh: An assessment using a mixed-method approach
Authors: Ahmed Sayem , Hasan Md. Zahid , Ali Nausad , Ahmed Mohammad Wahid , Haq Emranul , Shabnam Sadia , Chowdhury Morseda , Gahan Breda , Bousquet Christine , Khan Jahangir A. M. , Islam Ziaul 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundNational healthcare financing strategy recommends tax-based equity funds and insurance schemes for the poor and extreme poor living in urban slums and pavements as the majority of these population utilise informal providers resulting in adverse health effects and financial hardship. We assessed the effect of a health voucher scheme (HVS) and micro-health insurance (MHI) scheme on healthcare utilisation and out-of-pocket (OOP) payments and the cost of implementing such schemes.MethodsHVS and MHI schemes were implemented by Concern Worldwide through selected NGO health centres, referral hospitals, and private healthcare facilities in three City Corporations of Bangladesh from December 2016 to March 2020. A household survey with 1,294 enrolees, key-informant interviews, focus group discussions, consultative meetings, and document reviews were conducted for extracting data on healthcare utilisation, OOP payments, views of enrolees, and suggestions of implementers, and costs of services at the point of care.ResultsHealthcare utilisation including maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) services, particularly from medically trained providers, was higher and OOP payments were lower among the scheme enrolees compared to corresponding population groups in general. The beneficiaries were happy with their access to healthcare, especially for MNCH services, and their perceived quality of care was fair enough. They, however, suggested expanding the benefits package, supported by an additional workforce. The cost per beneficiary household for providing services per year was €32 in HVS and €15 in MHI scheme.ConclusionHVS and MHI schemes enabled higher healthcare utilisation at lower OOP payments among the enrolees, who were happy with their access to healthcare, particularly for MNCH services. However, they suggested a larger benefits package in future. The provider’s costs of the schemes were reasonable; however, there are potentials of cost containment by purchasing the health services for their beneficiaries in a competitive basis from the market. Scaling up such schemes addressing the drawback would contribute to achieving universal health coverage.
Disability among Syrian refugees living in Sultanbeyli, Istanbul: Results from a population-based survey
Authors: Polack Sarah , Scherer Nathaniel , Yonso Hisem , Volkan Selin , Pivato Isotta , Shaikhani Ahmad , Boggs Dorothy , Beck Ammar Hasan , Atijosan-Ayodele Oluwarantimi , Deniz Gülten , Örücü Ahmed , Akıncı İbrahim , Hameed Shaffa , Acarturk Ceren , Patterson Andrea 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
To estimate the prevalence of disability among Syrian refugees living in Sultanbeyli district, Istanbul and compare people with and without disabilities in terms of demographic and socio-economic characteristics.

Methods
Using the municipality refugee database as the sampling frame, 80 clusters of 50 people (aged 2+ years) were selected using probability proportionate to size sampling of clusters and random selection of households within clusters. Disability assessment included: i) self-reported difficulties in functioning (using the Washington Group Short Set-Enhanced tool and Child Functioning Modules), ii) Rapid Assessment of Musculoskeletal Impairment and iii) screening for symptoms of common mental disorders for children aged 8–17.

Results
The overall prevalence of disability was 24.7% (95% CI 22.1–27.4), when including people self-reporting a lot of difficulty/cannot do in at least functional domain (15%, 95% CI 13.1–17.2), moderate/severe MSI (8.7%, 95% CI 7.6–9.9), and/or symptomatic anxiety, depression and PTSD among children 8–17 (21.0%, 95% CI 18.2–23.9). Men with disabilities were significantly less likely to be in paid work compared to their peers without disabilities (aOR 0.3 95% CI 0.2–0.5). Overall 60% of households included at least one person with a disability. Households with at least one person with a disability had a significantly higher dependency ratio, lower proportion of working-age adults in paid work, and were more likely to be female headed and in receipt of social protection schemes (p<0.05).

Conclusion
Disability is common among Syrian refugees in Sultanbeyli. People with disabilities in this setting experience greater vulnerability to poverty and exclusion from work, highlighting an urgent need for inclusive services, programmes and policies that are developed and implemented in partnership with people with disabilities.
CONSERVATION UNITS IN AMAZONAS: A brief reflection related to the Anavilhanas National Park
Authors: Ferreira Rúbia Silene Alegre , Cunha Edileuza Lobato da , Flores Luiz Carlos da Silva 
Published: November 2021

Given the importance of strengtheningÂ reflections on Conservation Units (UC's) in the Amazon, the present study proposes a discussion on the Parks of the state of Amazonas, as well as a brief reflection related to the Anavilhanas National Park. In the first moment, the number of parks and their spheres of national, state and municipal management is presented. Then, the considerations are turned to the Anavilhanas National Park and its peculiarities. The methodology used consists of a bibliographic review around this theme, as well as the use of information from the Institutions that work directly in the area. As a result, the natural supply of parks represents a potential ally in terms of preserving resources and developing sustainable ecotourism activities. Anavilhanas Park is a national conservation unit, known worldwide, which presents the necessary attractions for sustainable ecotourism, since, since its recognition, as a protected area, it has been generating positive results for this follow-up.Â
VISITOR PERCEPTION AND SATISFACTION: The positives and negatives of visiting the Tapajos National Forest Between 2014-2016
Authors: Moreira Jasmine Cardozo , Bueno Jad Jacqueline Ferraz , Albach Valéria de Meira , Burns Robert Clyde 
Published: November 2021

The Tapajós National Forest (FLONA) is a Conservation Unit (UC) located in the Brazilian Amazon state of Pará. The Flona Tapajos, managed by the Instituto Chico Mendez (ICMBio) has extensive public use (recreation and tourism). In order to identify the negative and positive aspects observed during recreation/tourism visits to the FLONA, an in-person visitor use survey was conducted at the FLONA. As part of a larger study, the objective of this manuscript was to identify the positives and negatives of the visitation pointed out by the visitors of the Tapajós National Forest in the period from 2014 to 2016. A total of 14,291 comments were analyzed, of which 9,004 were positive comments and 5,287 were negative comments. Thematic analysis and a qualitative method was used, and the comments were placed into three categories and 22 subcategorys, according to keywords. The results identify the items that may cause either satisfaction or dissatisfaction by the public. The findings help resource managers better understand the Conservation Unit and the data can support better public use programs and visitation management.