bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus terreus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Zofia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Aspergillus terreus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Worldwide in soils, but more common in tropical and subropical regions. Also isolated from decaying vegetation, particularly compost heaps and grass and hay silage. DISEASES:
On animals
: It is the usual etiological species in disseminated disease in dogs. The organs affected are the spleen, kidneys and bone (Walton
et al.
, 1994)). It also causes mycotic abortion in cattle (Giri
et al.
, 1994)).
On man
: Commonly isolated from human skin, particularly nails (Smith, 1989). It is now being isolated from AIDS patients (Chumpitazi
et al.
, 1993; Wright
et al.
, 1993), as well as classical aspergillosis (Denning
et al.
, 1994) and in post-operative cases (Taraprasad
et al.
, 1993). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide, but with a preference for tropical and subtropical regions.
Penicillium griseofulvum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Penicillium griseofulvum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: An ubiquitous species, found in soils, on decaying vegetation, seeds, cereals, foods and feeds. DISEASES:
On birds
: Isolated from a case of avian penicilliosis (Aho
et al.
, 1990).
On other animals
: Associated with tremorgenic syndrome in sheep (Uzal
et al.
, 1992) and pigs (Ivanskii & Obashei, 1984). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.
Penicillium hirsutum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Penicillium hirsutum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Found in the rhizosphere of vegetables, and those of the genus
Allium
in particular. Also found on bulbs of the
Liliaceae
. DISEASES: Causes rots in bulbs and corms of flowering plants such as tulips, iris and crocus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Dianthus
spp. (carnation, pinks, sweet williams),
Lychnis chalcedoica
L. (
Caryophyllaceae
) (Armstrong & Armstrong, 1954; Hood & Stewart, 1957). DISEASE: Vascular wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread where
Dianthus
is grown. TRANSMISSION: Via infected planting materials and contaminated soil. Local dispersal is by water flow and splash droplets containing slimy macro- or microconidia.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Fragaria
(strawberry). DISEASE: Vascular wilt (or yellows). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australasia: Australia (Queensland), Japan, Korea. TRANSMISSION: Infected planting material; movement of soil during cultivation. Local dispersal is via water flow and splash droplets containing macro- and microconidia.
Inocybe bongardii var. bongardii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Treu R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Inocybe bongardii var. bongardii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ectomycorrhizal, under deciduous trees. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, Siberia, North Africa, Israel (Dennis, 1986). TRANSMISSION: Via airborne basidiospores.
Inocybe rimosa
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Treu Roland 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Inocybe rimosa
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ectomycorrhizal with both conifers and deciduous trees. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Argentina, Greenland, Europe, Iceland, North Africa, Canary Islands, Israel, Armenia, Siberia, Pakistan, China, Korea, Japan (Dennis, 1986). TRANSMISSION: Via airborne basidiospores.
Mycena inclinata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Treu Roland 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mycena inclinata
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On stumps of deciduous trees, occasionally on living trees. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Europe, Canary Islands, North Africa, East Siberia, Japan (Dennis, 1986). TRANSMISSION: Via airborne basidiospores.
Pholiota mutabilis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Treu R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pholiota mutabilis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Grows on stumps of deciduous trees. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Greenland, Europe, Iceland, Asia, Java (Dennis, 1986), Tanzania (Pegler, 1977). TRANSMISSION: Via airborne basidiospores.
Ophiodothella neurophila
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Ophiodothella neurophila
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Cryptolepis buchnii, Streptocaulon baumii, S. extensum, S. tomentosum
(
Asclepiadaceae
). DISEASE: Tar spot of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India, Myanmar, Philippines (Luzon). TRANSMISSION: Ascospores are air-dispersed, germinating on new host tissue to produce appressoria before penetration.
Phylleutypa dioscoreae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phylleutypa dioscoreae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Dioscorea burkilliana, D. praehensilis, D. rotundata, D. smilacifolia, Dioscorea
sp. (
Dioscoreaceae
). DISEASE: Stem gall, with sometimes extensive lesions; causing a reduction in internode length and leaf size. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Sierra Leone. TRANSMISSION: Probably by air dispersal of ascospores; it has not been studied.
Trabutia quercina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Trabutia quercina
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Quercus alnifolia, Q. coccifera, Q. dilitata, Q. ilex, Q. incana, Q. laurifolia, Q. lusitanica, Q.? mespilifolia, Q
.
murbeckii, Q. nigra, Q. semecarpifolia, Q. sessiliflora, Q. virens
. DISEASE: Tar spot of leaves, especially along veins; initially forming crustose stromata composed of radiating mycelium, eventually with radially arranged conidiomata and then ascomata. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Cyprus, France, Germany (possibly introduced), India, Italy, Myanmar, Pakistan, Portugal, Spain, USA (Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina). TRANSMISSION: Not studied; ascospores may be dispersed by wind or watersplash. The asci deliquesce at least in some circumstances (Barr, 1987). The conidia probably also have a dispersal/disseminative function.
Therrya fuckelii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Therrya fuckelii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pinus halepensis
(twig),
P. leucodermis
(twig),
P. mugo
var.
pumilio
(twig)
P. resinosa
(branch),
P. sylvestris
(bark, branch, twig),
Pinus
sp. (branch). Most records are on
P. sylvestris
. DISEASE:
Therrya fuckelii
is found on dead attached and fallen twigs. For information on the possible ecological role of
Therrya
species, see the disease notes for
T. pini
(IMI Description 1298). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Belarus, Canada (Ontario), Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, UK (England, Scotland), Ukraine, USA (Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania). Altitude records exist up to 1500m (Spain), 1000m (Italy) and 440m (Scotland). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. Ascomata containing ascospores have been observed in England in May.
Rhytisma salicinum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Rhytisma salicinum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Tarspot disease of willow. HOSTS: Leaves of
Salix acutifolia, S. amygdaloides, S. arbuscula, S. arctica. S. arctica
var.
brownei, S. arctophila, S. atrocinerea, S. atrocinerea
×
purpurea, S. aurita, S. barclayi, S. brachycarpa, S. caprea, S. cinerea, S. cordata, S. deprena, S. discolor, S. glauca, S. groenlandica, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. herbacea
×
polaris, S. humilis, S. kitaibeliana, S. lanata, S. lapporum, S. lasiandra, S. linearifolia, S. longifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. missouriensis, S. monticola, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrsinites, S. myrtilloides, S. nigra, S. nivalis, S. oleaefolia, S. pallasii, S. petiolaris, S. phlomoides, S. phylicifolia, S. piperi, S. polaris, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. repens, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rosmarinifolia, S. rostrata, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. silesiaca, S. sitchensis, S. siuzewii, S. starkeana, S. triandra, S. uva-ursi, S. viminalis, Salix
sp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Belarus, Belgium, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon), China, Denmark, Estonia, Faroes, Finland, France, Republic of Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, India (Himachal Pradesh), Iran, Ireland. Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Latvia, Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Rumania, Russia (Altaïskyi Krai, Irkutskaya Oblast, Kamchatskya Oblast, Karelia, Krasnoyarskyi Krai, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Mari, Murmansk Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Primorskyi Krai, Pskov Oblast, Ryazan Oblast, Smolensk Oblast, Stavropolkyi Krai, Tambov Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Tula Oblast, Vologda Oblast, Voronezh Oblast), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), USA (Alaska, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, South Dakota, Washington, Wyoming), Ukraine. Altitude records exist up to 3400m (India), 1950m (USA), 1500m (Greece), 1370m (Canada), 1100m (UK), 900m (Finland), 850m (Morocco), 660m (Ireland) and 600m (Ukraine). The distribution of
Rhytisma salicinum
is predominantly north-temperate to sub-arctic and circum-polar. In addition, the fungus can be encountered at higher altitudes in mediterranean countries as far south as north Africa. In Britain the species occurs predominantly in the north and west, though exceptional records are known. This may also perhaps indicate a preference for a cooler and wetter climate. The fungus is probably very widely distributed, and in some places may be locally abundant. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions.
Valsa sordida
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Valsa sordida
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Valsa sordida
is usually associated with
Valsa
canker of poplar twigs. Wounded trees, and trees injured by insects or attacked by other pathogens are more susceptible to infection. Development of
Valsa
canker is affected by environmental stress (Guyon, 1996; Tao
et al.
, 1984). Poplar canker caused by
V. sordida
has been studied in different countries (CMI Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, 1977; Worrall, 1983; Wang
et al.
, 1981) The fungus can be often found in declining poplar stands together with another pathogen of poplar trees,
Leucostoma niveum. Valsa sordida
may also cause necrosis of willow twigs. HOSTS:
Populus
spp.,
Salix
spp. and, more rarely, other woody angiosperms. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Morocco. Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Republic of Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan. Kazakhstan, Korea, Russia (Tatarstan), Turkey, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan. Australasia: Australia (Victoria), New Zealand. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan). USA (California, Colorado, Michigan, Minnesota). South America: Chile. TRANSMISSION: Both conidia and ascospores are air-borne, especially under humid conditions. Yellow or orange exudation of conidia from conidiomata can be often seen after rain.
Stigmina tinea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Stigmina tinea
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Causing large, often angular, dark brown leaf spots visible on both surfaces. HOSTS:
Viburnum davidii, V. tinus
. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: EUROPE: Channel Isles, Italy, Switzerland, UK.
Chaetothyrium guaraniticum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Chaetothyrium guaraniticum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: recorded from living leaves of
Aegle marmelos
(Rutaceae),
Jasminum
sp. (Oleaceae),
Psidium guajava
(Myrtaceae),
Rubus
sp. (Rosaceae),
Scutia myrtina
(Rhamnaceae), and an unidentified plant possibly belonging to the Solanaceae. DISEASE: probably none: the mycelium is completely superficial and there are no specialized penetration structures. The fungus probably derives nutrition from cuticular waxes or plant exudates, and species are unlikely to be strongly host-specific. Some species of
Chaetothyrium
have been reported as causal agents of sooty moulds, but they are unlikely to be correctly placed in the genus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: reported from Brazil, Ghana, Kenya, India and Uganda. TRANSMISSION: no studies are available, but ascospores are presumably air-dispersed.
Dothidea sambuci
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Dothidea sambuci
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: recorded from a wide range of plants, including species of
Acer
(Aceraceae),
Alnus
(Betulaceae),
Amorpha
(Leguminosae),
Calycanthus
(Calycanthaceae),
Cornus
(Cornaceae),
Coronilla
(Leguminosae),
Corylus
(Betulaceae),
Cotoneaster
(Rosaceae),
Cydonia
(Rosaceae),
Frangula
(Rhamnaceae),
Fraxinus
(Oleaceae),
Garrya
(Garryaceae),
Genista
(Leguminosae),
Gleditsia
(Leguminosae),
Hedera
(Araliaceae),
Ilex
(Aquifoliaceae),
Kerria
(Rosaceae),
Lonicera
(Caprifoliaceae),
Morus
(Moraceae),
Ptelea
(Rutaceae),
Robinia
(Leguminosae),
Sambucus
(Caprifoliaceae),
Spiraea
(Rosaceae) and
Viburnum
(Caprifoliaceae). DISEASE: probably saprobic, although the related species
D. ribesia
(see Description Sheet no. 707, as
Dothiora ribesia
) can act as a wound parasite and initial infection might well be endophytic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: widespread through Europe, northern Asia and temperate North America: reports from Austria, China, Czech Republic, Italy, Japan, Russia (including the Caucasus), UK and USA (California, New York, Oregon and Pennsylvania). TRANSMISSION: not studied but the ascospores must be air-dispersed.
Hysterographium fraxini
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Hysterographium fraxini
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: recorded on bark of dead branches from a very wide host range. Reports include
Acer glabrum
(Aceraceae),
Cotinus
sp. and
Rhus typhina
(Anacardiaceae),
Nerium oleander
(Apocynaceae),
Alnus viridis
, Betula sp. and
Corylus
sp. (Betulaceae),
Bignonia
sp. and
Catalpa
sp. (Bignoniaceae),
Diervilla intermedia, Lonicera alpigena, L. tatarica
and
Viburnum lantana
(Caprifoliaceae),
Combretum zeyheri
(Combretaceae),
Cornus mas
(Cornaceae),
Thuja occidentalis
(Cupressaceae),
Hippophae rhamnoides
(Eleagnaceae),
Fagus sylvatica, Nothofagus
sp. and
Quercus robur
(Fagaceae),
Phyllostachys nigra
(Gramineae),
Ribes sanguineum
(Grossulariaceae),
Hamamelis virginiana
(Hamamelidaceae),
Juglans
sp. (Juglandaceae),
Laurus nobilis
(Lauraceae),
Acacia
sp.,
Caragana arborescens, Gleditsia triacanthos
and
Laburnum anagyroides
(Leguminosae),
Liriodendron tulipifera
(Magnoliaceae),
Morus alba
(Moraceae),
Fraxinus excelsior, F. latifolia, F. nigra, F. ornus, F. pennsylvanica
and
F. velutina, Jasminum
sp.,
Ligustrum vulgare, Olea africana, O. cuspidata, O. europaea, Osmanthus aquifolium, Phillyraea
sp. and
Syringa vulgaris
(Oleaceae),
Abies cephalonica, Larix decidua, Picea excelsa
and
Tsuga heterophylla
(Pinaceae),
Cercocarpus ledifolius, Cotoneaster horizontalis, Crataegus coccineus, Malus pumila, Prunus fruticosa, Pyrus communis
and
Spiraea japonica
(Rosaceae),
Zanthoxylum americana
(Rutaceae),
Populus
sp. and
Salix
sp. (Salicaceae),
Celtis australis
and
Ulmus campestris
(Ulmaceae), and
Vitis vinifera
(Vitaceae). DISEASE: not researched in any detail, but it seems to be saprobic. Early reports of pathogenesis appear to be erroneous. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Very widely distributed in temperate regions, with scattered records from the tropics. Reports from Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Greece, Hungary, Pakistan, Romania, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota and Washington), and Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: not studied, but the ascospores must be air-dispersed and the conidia are probably transmitted primarily through water-splash.
Micropeltis ugandae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Micropeltis ugandae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded from living leaves of
Agelaea ugandensis
(Connaraceae),
Aframomum
sp. (Zingiberaceae),
Alchornea cordifolia
and
A. hirtella
(Euphorbiaceae),
Amaralia sherbourneae
(Rubiaceae),
Anchomanes difformis
(Araceae),
Artabotrys nitidus
(Annonaceae),
Baphia nitida
(Leguminosae),
Bersama
sp. (Melianthaceae),
Blighia sapida
(Sapindanceae),
Canthium
sp. (Rubiaceae),
Carpodinus dulcis
(Apocynaceae),
Chrysophyllum welwitschii
(Sapotaceae),
Cnestis corniculata
(Connaraceae),
Coffea rousta
and
C. stenophylla
(Rubiaceae),
Costus afer
(Zingiberaceae),
Craterispermum laurinum
and C.
schweinfurthii
(Rubiaceae),
Cremaspora africana
(Rubiaceae),
Dacryodes kleiniana
(Burseraceae),
Dichapetalum toxicarium
(Dichapetalaceae),
Deinbollia pinnata
(Sapindaceae),
Dialium guineense
(Leguminosae),
Diospyros
sp. (Ebenaceae),
Dracaena perrotetii
(Agavaceae),
Eugenia elliottii
(Myrtaceae),
Ficus leprieurii
(Moraceae),
Funtumia africana
and
F. elastica
(Apocynaceae),
Gardenia
sp. (Rubiaceae),
Guibourtea copallifera
(Leguminosae),
Hippocratea welwitschii
(Celastraceae),
Jaundea pinnata
(Connaraceae),
Lecaniodiscus cupanioides
(Sapindaceae),
Macrolobium crassifolium
and
M. macrophyllum
(Leguminosae),
Manniophyton africanum
(Euphorbiaceae),
Mareya spicata
(Euphorbiaceae),
Microdesmis puberula
(Pandaceae),
Napoleonaea heudelotii
(Lecythidaceae),
Ochthocosmos africanus
(Ixonanthaceae),
Olax
sp. (Olacaceae),
Pleioceras afzelii
(Apocynaceae),
Rhaphiostylis beninensis
(Icacinaceae),
Rinorea
sp. (Violaceae),
Salacia pyriformis
(Celastraceae),
Soyauxia floribunda
(Flacourtiaceae),
Strychnos afzelii
(Loganiaceae),
Uncaria africana
(Rubiaceae) and
Ventilago africana
(Rhamnaceae). DISEASE: formed on symptomless green tissue, but probably saprobic and gaining nutrition from honeydew or cuticular waxes. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: known from Ghana, western Kenya, Sierra Leone and Uganda; probably widespread in tropical Africa in rain forest ecosystems. TRANSMISSION: no studies have been made, but ascospores and their fragmented segments are almost certainly wind- or watersplash-dispersed, depending on local climatic conditions at the time of ascus maturity.
Tubeufia cerea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Tubeufia cerea
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: developing on effete stromata of bark-inhabiting ascomycetes, especially members of the
Diatrypaceae
, probably also obtaining nutrition from the bark tissues. DISEASE: probably none, the fungus living saprobically on dead fungal tissues for at least most of its life cycle. No detailed studies of its biology in nature have been carried out. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: widely distributed in the north temperate zone with a few records from the tropics. Recorded from Austria, Belgium, Canada, Guyana, India, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, UK, USA (Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Vermont, Utah). TRANSMISSION: the ascospores are presumably air-dispersed and the conidia transmitted via water-splash, but there is no experimental evidence to support these suppositions.