bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome differences among Mexican Americans with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kitten Amanda K. , Ryan Laurajo , Lee Grace C. , Flores Bertha E. , Reveles Kelly R. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an urgent public health problem and disproportionately affects Mexican Americans. The gut microbiome contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes; however, no studies have examined this association in Mexican-Americans. The objective of this study was to compare gut microbiome composition between Mexican-Americans with and without T2DM.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of volunteers from San Antonio, TX. Subjects were 18 years or older and self-identified as Mexican American. Subjects were grouped by prior T2DM diagnosis. Eligible subjects attended a clinic visit to provide demographic and medical information. Thereafter, subjects recorded their dietary intake for three days and collected a stool sample on the fourth day. Stool 16s rRNA sequences were classified into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) via the mothur bayesian classifier and referenced to the Greengenes database. Shannon diversity and bacterial taxa relative abundance were compared between groups using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Beta diversity was estimated using Bray-Curtis indices and compared between groups using PERMANOVA.

Results
Thirty-seven subjects were included, 14 (38%) with diabetes and 23 (62%) without diabetes. Groups were well-matched by body mass index and comorbid conditions. Shannon diversity was not significantly different between those with and without T2DM (3.26 vs. 3.31; p = 0.341). Beta diversity was not significantly associated with T2DM diagnosis (p = 0.201). The relative abundance of the most common bacterial phyla and families did not significantly differ between groups; however, 16 OTUs were significantly different between groups.

Conclusions
Although alpha diversity was not significantly different between diabetic and non-diabetic Mexican Americans, the abundance of certain bacterial taxa were significantly different between groups.
Predictive factors of venous recanalization in upper-extremity vein thrombosis
Authors: Ploton Gaëtan , Brebion Nicolas , Guyomarch Béatrice , Pistorius Marc-Antoine , Connault Jérôme , Hersant Jeanne , Raimbeau Alizée , Bergère Guillaume , Artifoni Mathieu , Durant Cécile , Gautier Giovanni , Dumont Romain , Kubina Jean-Manuel , Toquet Claire , Espitia Olivier 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundUpper extremity venous thrombosis (UEVT) represents about 10% of venous thrombo-embolic disease. This is mainly explained by the increasing use of central venous line, for oncologic or nutritional care. The factors associated with venous recanalization are not known.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate prognosis factor associated with venous recanalization after UEVT.MethodsThis study included patients with UEVT diagnosed with duplex ultra-sonography (DUS) from January 2015 to December 2017 with DUS evaluations during follow-up. A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards-model analysis was performed to identify predictive factors of UEVT complete recanalization.ResultsThis study included 494 UEVT, 304 proximal UEVT and 190 distal UEVT. The median age was 58 years, 39.5% were women. Clinical context was: hematological malignancy (40.7%), solid cancer (14.2%), infectious or inflammatory context (49.9%) and presence of venous catheters or pacemaker leads in 86.4%. The rate of recanalization without sequelae of UEVT was 38%. For all UEVT, in multivariate analysis, factors associated with complete vein recanalization were: thrombosis associated with central venous catheter (CVC) (HR:2.40, [1.45;3.95], p<0.001), UEVT limited to a venous segment (HR:1.94, [1.26;3.00], p = 0.003), occlusive thrombosis (HR:0.48 [0.34;0.67], p<0.0001), the presence of a PICC Line (HR:2.29, [1.48;3.52], p<0.001), a thrombosis of deep and distal topography (HR:1.70, [1.10;2.63], p = 0.02) or superficial thrombosis of the forearm (HR:2.79, [1.52;5.12], p<0.001). For deep and proximal UEVT, non-occlusive UEVT (HR:2.23, [1.49;3.33], p<0.0001), thrombosis associated with CVC (HR:1.58, [1.01;2.47], p = 0.04) and infectious or inflammatory context (HR:1.63, [1.10;2.41], p = 0.01) were factors associated with complete vein recanalization.ConclusionIn this study, factors associated with UEVT recanalization were UEVT limited to a venous segment, thrombosis associated with CVC, a thrombosis of deep and distal thrombosis topography and superficial thrombosis of the forearm. Occlusive thrombosis was associated with the absence of UEVT recanalization.
Serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Xiaonan , Peng Yongmei , Li Zailing , Christensen Britt , Heckmann Anne B. , Lagerqvist Carina , Stenlund Hans , Lönnerdal Bo , Hernell Olle , West Christina E. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Proteins and lipids of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and probiotics are immunomodulatory. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei strain F19 (F19) would augment vaccine antibody and T helper 1 type immune responses whereas MFGM would produce an immune response closer to that of breastfed (BF) infants.

Objective
To compare the effects of supplementing formula with F19 or bovine MFGM on serum cytokine and vaccine responses of formula-fed (FF) and BF infants.

Design
FF infants were randomized to formula with F19 (n = 195) or MFGM (n = 192), or standard formula (SF) (n = 194) from age 21±7 days until 4 months. A BF group served as reference (n = 208). We analyzed seven cytokines (n = 398) in serum at age 4 months using magnetic bead-based multiplex technology. Using ELISA, we analyzed anti-diphtheria IgG (n = 258) and anti-poliovirus IgG (n = 309) concentrations in serum before and after the second and third immunization, respectively.

Results
Compared with SF, the F19 group had greater IL-2 and lower IFN-γ concentrations (p<0.05, average effect size 0.14 and 0.39). Compared with BF, the F19 group had greater IL-2, IL-4 and IL-17A concentrations (p<0.05, average effect size 0.42, 0.34 and 0.26, respectively). The MFGM group had lower IL-2 and IL-17A concentrations compared with SF (p<0.05, average effect size 0.34 and 0.31). Cytokine concentrations were comparable among the MFGM and BF groups. Vaccine responses were comparable among the formula groups.

Conclusions
Contrary to previous studies F19 increased IL-2 and lowered IFN-γ production, suggesting that the response to probiotics differs across populations. The cytokine profile of the MFGM group approached that of BF infants, and may be associated with the previous finding that infectious outcomes for the MFGM group in this cohort were closer to those of BF infants, as opposed to the SF group. These immunomodulatory effects support future clinical evaluation of infant formula with F19 or MFGM.
Surgical treatment for cryptoglandular and Crohn’s perianal fistulas: Protocol of an umbrella review
Authors: Mei Zubing , Feng Qin , Du Peixin , Li Bin , Fang Chenyang , Gu Jinghua , Li Yue , Zhou Haikun , Shao Zhuo , Ge Maojun , He Yazhou , Yang Xuejun , Wang Qingming 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
A high prevalence of cryptoglandular and Crohn’s perianal fistulas has been reported worldwide, and several surgical options are available for the management of anal fistula, with varying clinical efficacy. However, currently, the available evidence for the effectiveness of these surgical approaches are lacking and of concern in terms of the credibility and strength. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the credibility of the published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that assess the efficacy and safety of the surgical options for cryptoglandular and Crohn’s perianal fistulas through an umbrella review.

Methods and analysis
A systematic search in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library will be performed from inception to December 2020 without any language restriction. We will include systematic reviews and meta-analyses that investigate the efficacy and safety of surgical approaches in the management of cryptoglandular and Crohn’s perianal fistulas. Two reviewers will independently screen search results through reading the titles or abstracts. Relevant information will be extracted from each eligible systematic review or meta-analysis. Based on random effects model summary estimates along with their p values, 95% prediction intervals, between-study heterogeneity, small-study effects and excess significance, we will classify the evidence from convincing (class I) to weak (class IV). Findings will be summarized using quantitative synthesis combined with a narrative approach. Cryptoglandular and Crohn’s perianal fistulas will be summarized separately. Two authors will independently perform the literature search, data extraction, and quality assessment of each included systematic review and meta-analysis. Any unresolved conflicts or doubts will be resolved by discussion or by consulting a senior author. The risk of bias of the systematic reviews will be assessed using a 16-item Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) checklist. The strength of evidence for the included systematic reviews will be classified as "high", "moderate", "low", or "critically low" quality.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval is not required as we will collect data from the published systematic reviews and meta-analyses without using individual patient data. The results of this umbrella review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at an anorectal disease conference.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020200754.
Urinary and salivary endocrine measurements to complement Tanner staging in studies of pubertal development
Authors: Goldberg Mandy , Ciesielski Jones Anna J. , McGrath John A. , Barker-Cummings Christie , Cousins Deborah S. , Kipling Lauren M. , Meadows Juliana W. , Kesner James S. , Marcus Michele , Monteilh Carolyn , Sandler Dale P. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Many studies investigating pubertal development use Tanner staging to assess maturation. Endocrine markers in urine and saliva may provide an objective, sensitive, and non-invasive method for assessing development.

Objective
Our objective was to examine whether changes in endocrine levels can indicate the onset of pubertal development prior to changes in self-rated Tanner stage.

Methods
Thirty-five girls and 42 boys aged 7 to 15 years were enrolled in the Growth and Puberty (GAP) study, a longitudinal pilot study conducted from 2007–2009 involving children of women enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) in Iowa. We collected saliva and urine samples and assessed pubertal development by self-rated Tanner staging (pubic hair, breast development (girls), genital development (boys)) at three visits over six months. We measured dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in saliva and creatinine-adjusted luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrone 3-glucuronide (E13G) and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G) concentrations in first morning urine. We evaluated the relationships over time between Tanner stage and each biomarker using repeated measures analysis.

Results
Among girls still reporting Tanner breast stage 1 at the final visit, FSH levels increased over the 6-month follow-up period and were no longer lower than higher stage girls at the end of follow-up. We observed a similar pattern for testosterone in boys. By visit 3, boys still reporting Tanner genital stage 1 or pubic hair stage 1 had attained DHEA levels that were comparable to those among boys reporting Tanner stages 2 or 3.

Conclusions
Increasing concentrations of FSH in girls and DHEA and testosterone in boys over a 6-month period revealed the start of the pubertal process prior to changes in self-rated Tanner stage. Repeated, non-invasive endocrine measures may complement the more subjective assessment of physical markers in studies determining pubertal onset.
Prevalence and incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yovera-Aldana Marlon , Velásquez-Rimachi Victor , Huerta-Rosario Andrely , More-Yupanqui M. D. , Osores-Flores Mariela , Espinoza Ricardo , Gil-Olivares Fradis , Quispe-Nolazco César , Quea-Vélez Flor , Morán-Mariños Christian , Pinedo-Torres Isabel , Alva-Diaz Carlos , Pacheco-Barrios Kevin 
Published: May 2021

Aims
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate the prevalence and incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).

Materials and methods
We searched MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EMBASE and LILACS databases of published observational studies in LAC up to December 2020. Meta-analyses of proportions were performed using random-effects models using Stata Program 15.1. Heterogeneity was evaluated through sensitivity, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses. Evidence certainty was performed with the GRADE approach.

Results
Twenty-nine studies from eight countries were included. The estimated prevalence of DPN was 46.5% (95%CI: 38.0–55.0) with a significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98.2%; p<0.01). Only two studies reported incidence, and the pooled effect size was 13.7% (95%CI: 10.6–17.2). We found an increasing trend of cumulative DPN prevalence over time. The main sources of heterogeneity associated with higher prevalence were diagnosis criteria, higher A1c (%), and inadequate sample size. We judge the included evidence as very low certainty.

Conclusion
The overall prevalence of DPN is high in LAC with significant heterogeneity between and within countries that could be explained by population type and methodological aspects. Significant gaps (e.g., under-representation of most countries, lack of incidence studies, and heterogenous case definition) were identified. Standardized and population-based studies of DPN in LAC are needed.
Cost-effectiveness of varicella and herpes zoster vaccination in Sweden: An economic evaluation using a dynamic transmission model
Authors: Wolff Ellen , Widgren Katarina , Scalia Tomba Gianpaolo , Roth Adam , Lep Tiia , Andersson Sören 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
Comprehensive cost-effectiveness analyses of introducing varicella and/or herpes zoster vaccination in the Swedish national vaccination programme.

Design
Cost-effectiveness analyses based on epidemiological results from a specifically developed transmission model.

Setting
National vaccination programme in Sweden, over an 85- or 20-year time horizon depending on the vaccination strategy.

Participants
Hypothetical cohorts of people aged 12 months and 65-years at baseline.

Interventions
Four alternative vaccination strategies; 1, not to vaccinate; 2, varicella vaccination with one dose of the live attenuated vaccine at age 12 months and a second dose at age 18 months; 3, herpes zoster vaccination with one dose of the live attenuated vaccine at 65 years of age; and 4, both vaccine against varicella and herpes zoster with the before-mentioned strategies.

Main outcome measures
Accumulated cost and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) for each strategy, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER).

Results
It would be cost-effective to vaccinate against varicella (dominant), but not to vaccinate against herpes zoster (ICER of EUR 200,000), assuming a cost-effectiveness threshold of EUR 50,000 per QALY. The incremental analysis between varicella vaccination only and the combined programme results in a cost per gained QALY of almost EUR 1.6 million.

Conclusions
The results from this study are central components for policy-relevant decision-making, and suggest that it was cost-effective to introduce varicella vaccination in Sweden, whereas herpes zoster vaccination with the live attenuated vaccine for the elderly was not cost-effective–the health effects of the latter vaccination cannot be considered reasonable in relation to its costs. Future observational and surveillance studies are needed to make reasonable predictions on how boosting affects the herpes zoster incidence in the population, and thus the cost-effectiveness of a vaccination programme against varicella. Also, the link between herpes zoster and sequelae need to be studied in more detail to include it suitably in health economic evaluations.
The use of laser lead extraction sheath in the presence of supra-cardiac occlusion of the central veins for cardiac implantable electronic device lead upgrade or revision
Authors: Al-Maisary Sameer , Romano Gabriele , Karck Matthias , De Simone Raffaele , Kremer Jamila 
Published: May 2021

Background
The implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) has increased in the last decades with improvement in the quality of life of patients with cardiac rhythm disorders. The presence of bilateral subclavian, innominate or superior vena cava obstruction is a major limitation to device revision and/or upgrade.

Methods and material
This is retrospective study of patients who underwent laser-assisted lead extraction (LLE) (GlideLight laser sheath, Spectranetics Corporation, Colorado Springs, USA) with lead revision or upgrade using the laser sheath as a guide rail. Patients with known occlusion, severe stenosis or functional obstruction of the venous access vessels with indwelling leads were included in this study.

Results
106 patients underwent percutaneous LLE with lead revision and/or upgrade. Preoperative known complete occlusion or severe stenosis of access veins was present in 23 patients (21.5%). More patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) underwent LLE (64.1%) than patients with CRT-Ds (24.5%) and pacemaker patients (11.3%). In total 172 leads were extracted: 79 (45.9%) single-coil defibrillator leads, 35 (20.3%) dual-coil defibrillator leads, 31 (18.0%) right atrial leads, 24 (13.9%) right ventricular leads and three (1.7%) malfunctional coronary sinus left ventricular pacing leads. The mean age of leads was 99.2±65.6 months. The implantation of new leads after crossing the venous stenosis/obstruction was successful in 98 (92.4%) cases. Postoperative complications were pocket hematoma in two cases and wound infection in one case. No peri-operative and no immediate postoperative death was recorded. One intraoperative superior vena cava tear was treated by immediate thoracotomy and surgical repair.

Conclusion
In a single-center study on LLE in the presence of supra-cardiac occlusion of the central veins for CIED lead upgrade and revision we could demonstrate a low procedural complication rate with no procedural deaths. Most of the leads could be completely extracted to revise or upgrade the system. Our study showed a low complication rate, with acceptable mortality rates.
Use of a Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent for Management of Pouch Outlet Stenosis After Vertical Banded Gastroplasty
Authors: Cundra Lindsey B. , Marcuard Maurice , Parekh Parth J. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) offer a novel alternative for the treatment of anastomotic strictures or short, benign gastrointestinal strictures. In the bariatric realm, LAMSs provide a potentially safer, efficacious, and nonsurgical approach to surgical revision. Here, we present a case where a LAMS was successfully used to manage pouch outlet stenosis from a previous vertical banded gastroplasty.
Estudio descriptivo y validación de un modelo predictivo de severidad en pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Villena-Ortiz Yolanda , Giralt Marina , Castellote-Bellés Laura , Lopez-Martínez Rosa M. , Martinez-Sanchez Luisa , García-Fernández Alba Estela , Ferrer-Costa Roser , Rodríguez-Frias Francisco , Casis Ernesto 
Published: May 2021

Resumen

Objetivos
Durante la pandemia causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 ha surgido la necesidad de identificar variables predictivas que permitan una rápida identificación de aquellos pacientes que desarrollarán la COVID-19 severa para una rápida intervención. Este estudio ha desarrollado y validado un modelo capaz de realizar un pronóstico de severidad de la COVID-19.

Métodos
A partir de datos analíticos, demográficos y comorbilidades de pacientes visitados en el Servicio de Urgencias con sintomatología compatible de COVID-19, se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo y comparativo de pacientes con PCR-RT positiva y negativa para SARS-CoV-2 y de pacientes con enfermedad COVID-19 moderada y severa. La cohorte COVID-19 positiva ha servido para el desarrollo de un modelo de regresión logística.

Resultados
Se han incluido 410 pacientes COVID positivo (303 con enfermedad moderada y 107 con enfermedad severa) y 81 COVID negativo. Las variables predictivas del modelo son: lactato deshidrogenasa, proteína C reactiva, proteínas totales, urea y plaquetas. La calibración interna mostró un área bajo la curva ROC (AUC) de 0,88 (IC95%: 0,85–0,92), con un porcentaje de clasificaciones correctas del 85,2% a un valor de corte de 0,5. La validación externa (100 pacientes) obtuvo un AUC de 0,79 (IC95%: 0,71–0,89), con un 73% de clasificaciones correctas.

Conclusiones
El modelo predictivo desarrollado permite seleccionar desde el Servicio de Urgencias, con una única extracción de sangre y con magnitudes habituales en un Laboratorio Clínico, aquellos pacientes que con mayor probabilidad desarrollarán COVID-19 severa, proporcionando una importante herramienta para la planificación y la toma de decisiones clínicas.
Multi-Layer Counter-Pressure Injection Molding for Thick-Walled Optical Lens
Authors: Liu Y. , Cao L. , Chi W.-K. , Zhang L.-Y. , Yang W.-M. , Xie P.-C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In precision optical applications, plastics thick-walled optical lenses are increasing. Dimensional stability and optical performance are the critical issues that should be addressed for plastic thick-walled lenses. A novel multi-layer counter-pressure injection molding process is proposed in this study. The experimental prism mold with moveable pistons was developed to investigate the effects of layering methods, counter-pressure and their combination on thick-walled optical lenses. The experimental results reveal that counter-pressure injection molding is effective in improving shrinkage, transmittance and refractive index of the thick-walled optical prism. Counter-pressure of the piston provided lower melt velocity and shorter flow path of melt to improve polymer molecules orientation, and also offered continuous holding pressure during the filling stage to eliminate defects such as shrinkage or short shots. The combination of counter-pressure and multi-layer injection molding technology further improved the dimension stability and optical performance of the thick-walled optical lens. Much thinner layers than the final wall thickness of prism ensures shrinkage reduction during the cooling stages. A thick-walled optical prism was fabricated successfully upon applying a multi-layer counter-pressure injection molding process.