bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boron-doped Sb/SbO2@rGO composites with tunable components and enlarged lattice spacing for high-rate sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Jin-Hua , Li Yan-Fei , Shi Yan-Hong , Guo Jin-Zhi , Yang Jin , Wu Xing-Long , Zhang Jing-Ping , Hu Wei , Sun Hai-Zhu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Antimony (Sb) and its oxides, as promising electrode materials, have attracted much attention because of their low cost, environmental friendliness, and high theoretical capacity. Herein, boron doped flower-cluster-like Sb/SbO2@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites are synthesized for use as sodium-ion battery anode materials using a solvothermal strategy. The contents of Sb and antimony oxide (SbO2) are controlled by adding different contents of NaBH4. Meanwhile, the introduction of NaBH4 successfully realizes boron doping and enlarges the lattice spacing of the SbO2, improving its conductivity and Na+ transport. As a result, optimal Sb/SbO2@rGO-10 composites display a desirable capacity of 346 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 after 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 106%. Even at high current densities, a capacity of 236 mAh g−1 is achieved, demonstrating a satisfactory rate capacity. Moreover, the Sb/SbO2@rGO-10 electrode shows satisfactory Na storage performance at low temperatures. In addition, sodium-ion full cells are assembled using an Sb/SbO2@rGO-10 anode and a Na3V2(PO4)2O2F cathode, with which a satisfactory electrochemical performance of 102 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 50 mA g−1 is achieved, showing their high practical potential.
Structural, electrical and optical properties of bilayer SiX (X = N, P, As and Sb)
Authors: Ghobadi Nayereh , Touski Shoeib Babaee 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, the structural, electrical, and optical properties of bilayer SiX (X= N, P, As, and Sb) are studied using density functional theory. Five different stacking orders are considered for every compound and their structural properties are presented. The band structure of these materials demonstrates that they are indirect semiconductors. The out-of-plane strain has been applied to tune the bandgap and its electrical properties. The bandgap increases with tensile strain, whereas, compressive strain leads to semiconductor-to-metal transition. The sensitivity of the bandgap to the pressure is investigated and bilayer SiSb demonstrates the highest bandgap sensitivity to the pressure. These structures exhibit Mexican hat-like valence band dispersion that can be approved by a singularity in the density of states (DOS). The Mexican-hat coefficient can be tuned by out-of-plane strain. Optical absorption of these compounds shows that the second and lower valence bands due to the high DOS display a higher contribution to optical transitions.
Adlayer influence on Dirac-type surface state at W(110)
Authors: Grenz P J , Thonig D , Holtmann M , Miyamoto K , Kumar S , Schwier E , Okuda T , Henk J , Donath M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In a combined experimental and theoretical study, we investigated how Fe and Co adlayers on W(110) affect the Dirac-type surface state (DSS). Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy data show an increase in binding energy of 75 meV and 107 meV for Fe and Co, respectively. In order to identify the origin of the energy shift we performed first-principles calculations of the surface electronic structure. The inward surface relaxation of the uncovered W(110) surface is lifted by the adlayers. This structural change is one reason of the energy shift of the DSS. Furthermore, the Fe and Co adlayers change the surface potential, which results in an additional energy shift of the DSS.
Improved scatter correction model for high attenuation gamma-ray tomography measurements
Authors: Spelay R B , Hashemi S A , Sanders R S , Hjertaker B T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study a state-of-the-art gamma-ray tomography (GRT) unit was used to measure the solids concentration distributions of high density, high attenuation clay/water/sand slurries in a 4 in. (100 mm) diameter recirculating pipe loop. The presence of neighbouring radiation sources on the GRT results in a scattered radiation contribution to the total intensity measured at each detector. The scattered radiation decreases the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured radiation intensity and introduces error in the measured tomography data and the reconstructed tomograms (Maad et al 2008 Meas. Sci. Technol.
19 6). Because of the high attenuation of the materials being measured, the scatter contribution was a significant fraction of the total radiation measured at each detector. To correct for the scattered radiation contribution in the measurements, a test campaign was undertaken to characterize and model the scattering behaviour of the GRT at the Saskatchewan Research Council. The scattered radiation was measured experimentally from empty pipe, water filled pipe and a number of flowing clay/water/sand slurries at densities ranging from 1206 kg m−3 to 1580 kg m−3. A semi-empirical scatter correction model has been developed which allows the scattered contribution at each detector to be calculated iteratively based on the measured uncorrected attenuated radiation intensity. This article is an extension of the work presented at the 9th World Congress for Industrial Process Tomography (Spelay et al 2018 Proc. 9th World Congress Industrial Process Tomography p 14).
An efficient numerical scheme for the simulation of time-fractional nonhomogeneous Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burger model
Authors: Majeed Abdul , Kamran Mohsin , Abbas Muhammad , Bin Misro Md Yushalify 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burger (BBM-Burger) equation is important for explaining the unidirectional propagation of long waves in nonlinear dispersion systems. This manuscript proposes an algorithm based on cubic B-spline basis functions to study the nonhomogeneous time fractional model of BBM-Burger via Caputo derivative. The discretization of fractional derivative is achieved by L1 formula, while the temporal and spatial derivatives are interpolated by means of Crank-Nicolson and forward finite difference scheme together with B-spline basis functions. The performance of the Cubic B-spline scheme (CBS) is examined by three test problems with homogeneous initial and boundary conditions. The obtained results are found to be in good agreement with the exact solutions. The behaviour of travelling wave is studied and presented in the form of tables and graphics for various values of α and t. A linear stability analysis, based on the von Neumann scheme, shows that the CBS is unconditionally stable. Moreover, the accuracy of the scheme is quantified by computing error norms.
Fractional order phase transition based on Q − Φ criticality of RN-AdS black hole
Authors: Liu Fang , Wang Li-Hua , Zhang Zi-Zhen , He Yun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider the Q − Φ criticality of RN-AdS black hole in four-dimensional spacetime. Especially, by employing the fractional derivative we reanalyze the order of phase transition at the critical point. By means of this fine-grained classification of phase transition, it is found that at the critical point it is a 4/3-order, but not the second-order phase transition. This result is the same as that obtained in a previous work on the basis of P − V criticality.
Spatial modulation on vortex FWM induced by the nonlinear Kerr effect
Authors: Li Xuenan , Wang Zhiguo , Luo Runding , Wang Yafen , Zhang Yanpeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We experimentally observe the interference patterns of vortex probe transmission signal (PTS) and vortex four-wave mixing (FWM). By changing the difference in the divergences of two optical beams, the spiral interference patterns of the probe beam and the reference Gaussian probe beam can be obtained. It is found that in the interference patterns of vortex PTS, the shifting of the fork can be regulated by blocking different dressing fields and tuning the probe frequency. When the two-photon resonance condition is satisfied, the shift of the fork is the weakest since the strongest probe field intensity induces the weak nonlinear phase shift. In addition, we realize that the relationship between the intensities of the vortex FWM signal and the probe field is not monotonic, because both the intensity of probe field and the dressing effect will affect the intensity of the vortex FWM signal. We also find that the spatial modulations including shifting and splitting are also regulated by the intensity of the probe field and the coupling field. Here, the explanation of these phenomena is presented by the transition of the nonlinear refraction index. Finally, we realize that the singularity overlap or separation between the linear probe and the third-order vortex FWM will lead to the change of fork quantity. Our research is helpful to understand and manipulate optical vortices and can be widely used in quantum computation and communication.
Using discrete Ricci curvatures to infer COVID-19 epidemic network fragility and systemic risk
Authors: Barros de Souza Danillo , da Cunha Jonatas T S , Figueirôa dos Santos Everlon , Correia Jailson B , da Silva Hernande P , de Lima Filho José Luiz , Albuquerque Jones , Santos Fernando A N 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe damage of the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is reaching an unprecedented scale. There are numerous classical epidemiology models trying to quantify epidemiology metrics. To forecast epidemics, classical approaches usually need parameter estimations, such as the contagion rate or the basic reproduction number. Here, we propose a data-driven, parameter-free, geometric approach to access the emergence of a pandemic state by studying the Forman–Ricci and Ollivier–Ricci network curvatures. Discrete Ollivier–Ricci curvature has been used successfully to forecast risk in financial networks and we suggest that those results can provide analogous results for COVID-19 epidemic time-series. We first compute both curvatures in a toy-model of epidemic time-series with delays, which allows us to create epidemic networks. We also compared our results to classical network metrics. By doing so, we are able to verify that the Ollivier–Ricci and Forman–Ricci curvatures can be a parameter-free estimate for identifying a pandemic state in the simulated epidemic. On this basis, we then compute both Forman–Ricci and Ollivier–Ricci curvatures for real epidemic networks built from COVID-19 epidemic time-series available at the World Health Organization (WHO). This approach allows us to detect early warning signs of the emergence of the pandemic. The advantage of our method lies in providing an early geometrical data marker for the pandemic state, regardless of parameter estimation and stochastic modelling. This work opens the possibility of using discrete geometry to study epidemic networks.
Stochastic dynamics and superstatistics of the many-particle kappa distribution
Authors: Gravanis E , Akylas E , Livadiotis G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The diffusion of particles with kappa distributed velocities is strongly influenced by statistical correlations. We argue that the consistent way to deduce the diffusion laws of any one degree of freedom is to analyze the simultaneous diffusion of virtually infinite correlated degrees of freedom. This is done by deriving the diffusion laws (I) by utilizing the superstatistics interpretation of the kappa distribution and averaging the usual Brownian motions correlators over the super-ensemble of fluctuating temperatures, (II) through the one degree of freedom Langevin equation, (III) through the many degrees of freedom Langevin equation, calculating the diffusion of any one degree of freedom. It turns out that only the results (I) and (III) agree. The disagreement between (II) and (III) is a striking outcome of the strong correlations between kappa distributed degrees of freedom. The agreement between (I) and (III) shows that the superstatistics is a fundamental interpretation of the kappa distribution. The discrepancy of (II) shows that focusing on a single degree of freedom or particle is inconsistent with a superstatistics interpretation. Derivation (III) explicitly realizes the recent observation by the authors that the mean energy per degree of freedom is the superstatistical fluctuating temperature in a system with a large number of particles. We conclude that superstatistics is intimately related to a system of correlated degrees of freedom (in our case, kappa distributed); one cannot consistently reason with a single degree of freedom.
Wisdom of crowds: much ado about nothing
Authors: Reia Sandro M , Fontanari José F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The puzzling idea that the combination of independent estimates of the magnitude of a quantity results in a very accurate prediction, which is superior to any or, at least, to most of the individual estimates is known as the wisdom of crowds. Here we use the federal reserve bank of Philadelphia’s survey of professional forecasters database to confront the statistical and psychophysical explanations of this phenomenon. Overall we find that the data do not support any of the proposed explanations of the wisdom of crowds. In particular, we find a positive correlation between the variance (or diversity) of the estimates and the crowd error in disagreement with some interpretations of the diversity prediction theorem. In addition, in opposition to the predictions of the psychophysical augmented quincunx model, we find that the skew of the estimates offers no information about the crowd error. More importantly, we find that the crowd beats all individuals in less than 2% of the forecasts and beats most individuals in less than 70% of the forecasts, which means that there is fair chance that an individual selected at random will perform better than the crowd. These results contrast starkly with the performance of non-natural crowds composed of unbiased forecasters which beat most individuals in practically all forecasts. The moderate statistical advantage of a real-world crowd over its members does not justify the ado about its wisdom, which is most likely a product of the selective attention fallacy.
Research on Intelligent Flight Test Monitoring Technology Based on Expert System
Authors: Guowang Zhang , Hao Wang , Rui Nie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The current manual-based traditional flight test monitoring technology can no longer fulfill the requirements of high integration, system complexity and technological advancement of new aircraft. In addition, the existing flight monitoring systems are mostly single-point, single-system applications, including ground-assisted systems such as meteorology, radar, and response system. It is easy to cause problems such as data islands, which is not conducive to data sharing and comprehensive evaluation and analysis. This paper proposes a new method for analyzing and mining existing test data based on expert system technology to build a flight test expert system library. A new real-time monitoring system is designed that can meet the real-time processing and integration of multi-source data, comprehensive evaluation and analysis, intelligent warning and assistant decision-making. This system expands the function and intelligence of the existing system, and further improves the quality, safety and efficiency of the flight test monitoring system.
Beam physics research with the IOTA electron lens
Authors: Stancari G. , Agustsson R. , Banerjee N. , Boffo C. , Burov A. , Carlson K. , Cathey B. , Chen Y.-C. , Chung M. , Crawford D. , Dhuley R. , Eddy N. , Freemire B. , Hall C. , Kim Y.-K. , Kolehmainen A. , Lebedev V. , Murokh A. , Nagaitsev S. , Park C.S. , Perini D. , Romanov A. , Ruan J. , Shiltsev V. , Smirnov A. , Stern E. , Valishev A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The electron lens in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test
Accelerator (IOTA) will enable new research in nonlinear integrable
optics, space-charge compensation, electron cooling, and the
stability of intense beams. This research addresses scientific
questions on high-brightness beams and operational challenges of
high-power accelerators for nuclear and particle physics. We review
the roles that electron lenses play in this field and the physical
principles behind their applications. The design criteria and
specifications for the IOTA storage ring and electron lens are then
discussed. We conclude with a description of the components of the
apparatus.
Physics-informed generative neural network: an application to troposphere temperature prediction
Authors: Chen Zhihao , Gao Jie , Wang Weikai , Yan Zheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The troposphere is one of the atmospheric layers where most weather phenomena occur. Temperature variations in the troposphere, especially at 500 hPa, a typical level of the middle troposphere, are significant indicators of future weather changes. Numerical weather prediction is effective for temperature prediction, but its computational complexity hinders a timely response. This paper proposes a novel temperature prediction approach in framework of physics-informed deep learning. The new model, called PGnet, builds upon a generative neural network with a mask matrix. The mask is designed to distinguish the low-quality predicted regions generated by the first physical stage. The generative neural network takes the mask as prior for the second-stage refined predictions. A mask-loss and a jump pattern strategy are developed to train the generative neural network without accumulating errors during making time-series predictions. Experiments on ERA5 demonstrate that PGnet can generate more refined temperature predictions than the state-of-the-art.
Projected sea level rise on the continental shelves of the China Seas and the dominance of mass contribution
Authors: Chen Changlin , Wang Guihua , Yan Yunwei , Luo Fengyun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We analyze the projected sea level rise (SLR) for the 21st century for the China Seas (the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea) using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 dataset. We find that the projected SLR over the shallow continental shelves of the China Seas is nearly the same as the global mean sea level change in all future emission scenarios, with a magnitude of 43.6 cm (20.8–67.7 cm, 90% confidence interval) in RCP2.6 and 74.5 cm (41.7–112.8 cm, 90% confidence interval) in RCP8.5 by the year 2100 relative to 1986–2005. We further analyze the causes of SLR and find that more than 90% of the total projected SLR over the continental shelves of the China Seas will result from mass contributions and only a minor contribution will result from local steric height adjustments. This increase in water mass over the continental shelves is not only caused by the loss of land ice, but also from the change in sterodynamic, which tends to push water mass onto the continental shelves from the open oceans.
Life Cycle Assessment of a combined cycle power plant in Indonesia
Authors: Sinaga Pricilia D L , Moersidik Setyo S , Hamzah Udi S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a 640 MW combined cycle power plant located in West Java, Indonesia. The power plant adopts the dual-fuel firing system, in which both natural gas and high-speed diesel fuels are used. The LCA was performed using the open-source LCA software OpenLCA version 1.9. A functional unit of 1 kWh of electricity generation was used in calculating the environmental impacts. The system boundary was modeled using the gate-to-gate system, which includes all inputs and outputs for the following subsystems: fuel storage, water preparation, electricity production, and supporting subsystems. The life cycle inventory (LCI) used data gathered from July 2018 to June 2019. The CML-IA baseline method was used to perform the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), providing results for ten midpoint impact categories. All impact categories were normalized using World 2000 normalization factors. The result shows that the most significant impact categories are acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), and global warming potential (GWP), respectively. The largest acidification source is nitrogen oxide emission from the combustion chamber, with a percentage of 80.32%. Regarding the combustion stage, the post-combustion method is recommended to remove nitrogen oxide from exhaust gases to lower the AP impact category.
Study of mathematics modeling on ginger geometric changes during drying using image analysis
Authors: Putra G M D , Setiawati D A , Murad  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many studies have examined the drying process, but only a few studies have examined shrinkage as one of the parameters that affect drying. Depreciation of agricultural products could have an impact on damage and reduce quality. This study aimed to examine the shrinkage pattern of product size during drying using the mathematical model approach regression. The method used was experimental with sliced ginger as material. The equipment used was a rack-type hybrid dryer and a set of image capture devices. This study indicates that to dry the sliced ginger from 95.65% to 9.49% moisture content required approximately 8 hours. The results of image processing showed shrinkage that occurs in sliced ginger was 52.49%. The most accurate mathematical model describing the prediction of sliced ginger shrinkage during drying was the 2nd order polynomial regression model with the equation of y = - 131.3.x
2 - 1804.4x + 41941.6 and an R2 value of 0.99.
Comparison of the separation process of crude citronella oil using vacuum fractionation distillation on a pilot plant scale and laboratory scale
Authors: Kanza S , Silvianti R , Ramadhan D S , Cahayo M , Sukardi  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Crude citronella oil contains a mixture of components such as a group of hydrocarbon monoterpenes compounds, oxygenated monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Therefore, it has low economic value and low functional value. A single component with high purity can be obtained through chemical and physical properties analysis. Based on the physical properties of the constituent components of citronella oil, the boiling points of each component are quite adjacent so that a single component can be separated by the fractionation distillation process. This study aims at determining the optimum condition (temperature, pressure, and reflux ratio) of a pilot plant scale fractionation with 8 meters of the column and the capacity of 200kg (raschig ring packing; temperature range 115-118°C and 118-121°C, reflux ratio 4:1 and 2:1) and comparing it to the laboratory scale (raschig ring packing; temperature range 115-118°C and 118-121°C, reflux ratio 2:1). Although the laboratory scale of fractionation distillation produced good quality rhodinol with 85% purity, the scale-up version of the pilot plant scale still cannot be occupied. For the citronellal fraction, both fractionation distillation process produced poor quality with only 50% purity. This occurred due to the different dimensions that lead to a higher pressure drop. A higher pressure drop will change the optimum temperature conditions.
Morphological and quality characteristics of genus of Canarium L.: A review
Authors: Rashid N A H A , Shamsudin R , Arifin S H , Abdullah W N Z Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The genus Canarium L. comprises 75 species of aromatic trees which are found in the rainforests of tropical Asia, Africa and the Pacific. A literature review was conducted through published works to gather information on nutritional and ethnic values, colour, shape, fatty acid and also antioxidant activities of Canarium sp. The phytoconstituents which are present in most Canarium L. genus especially its fruit are mainly phenolic and fatty acid which are responsible for the actions. This novel compound serves as a contributor to the antioxidant capacity of Canarium fruit and thus, the genus can be recommended as a major source of natural antioxidants. However, this genus still can be categorised as underutilised fruit and little study is paid on its collection and comparison amongst species of Canarium L. species. Thus, the present review summarizes some such attributes of the Canarium L. genus.