bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deriving offshore tidal datums using satellite altimetry around Malaysian seas
Authors: Hamden M H , Din A H M , Wijaya D D , Pa’suya M F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tidal datums are important for calculating spatial coordinates especially the elevation relative to mean sea level and also crucial for defining the state sovereignty boundaries over maritime areas. Normally, sea level was measured by tide gauges along the coastal for tidal datums computation. However, knowledge of tides is still restricted in coastal areas. Furthermore, tidal range at offshore was simply assumed to be similar as coastal due to the difficulties installing offshore tide gauges. The launching of satellite altimeter technologies with precise orbit determination since 1993 had provided significant accuracy of sea surface height (SSH) measurements. The observed SSH from satellite altimetry can be offered as tide gauge measurements at each location globally. This study aims to derive offshore tidal datums using satellite altimetry around Malaysian seas. SSH time series from TOPEX, Jason-1, Jason-2 and Geosat Follow On (GFO) were analysed using harmonic analysis approach to estimate harmonic constants. A minimum of 19 years tidal predictions were then performed using UTide software to determine Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) and Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT). These tidal datums were interpolated into regular 0.125° grids and were assessed with ten selected coastal tide gauges. The findings showed the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of spline interpolation yielded better accuracy, 25.5 cm (LATMSL) and 17.4 cm (HATMSL) as compared to the RMSE of Kriging interpolation, 31.8 cm (LATMSL) and 33.8 cm (HATMSL). In conclusion, deriving offshore tidal datums can serve as input data to unify marine database with coastal areas and also can support many marine applications.
The effects of climate change on flood hazards in Kelantan River Basin Malaysia
Authors: Tam Tze Huey , Rahman Muhammad Zulkarnain Abd , Harun Sobri , Try Sophal , Kaoje Ismaila Usman , Salleh Mohd Radhie Mohd , Abai Kimberly Vivian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Climate change has had a significant impact on the hydrological cycle, causing changes in precipitation patterns in both frequency and magnitude. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of climate change on flood hazards in Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia. A distributed hydrological model called Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) simulates floods under current and future climate scenarios. The Climate Change Factor (CCF) is a tool for forecasting future climate scenarios. The storm used in this analysis had 50-year and 100-year recurrence intervals every 24 hours (ARI). The finding shows that the streamflow in Guillemard station will increase in the future for both the 50- and 100-year ARI. The streamflow increased to 10329 m3/s from 8434.9 m3/s in the current state and to 11220.2 m3/s from 9157.4 m3/s in the 50- and 100-year ARI, respectively. In both cases, the 100-year ARI flood magnitude is significantly less than the 50-year ARI flood extent (current and future). However, the flood depth in several towns located downstream of the Kelantan River Basin is more significant for the 100-year ARI than for the 50-year ARI for both cases. The study’s findings would be helpful to relevant agencies and government departments understand the current and potential flood hazard situation in the study area and assist them in developing effective mitigation strategies for future flood hazards.
Water treatment process using conventional and advanced methods: A comparative study of Malaysia and selected countries
Authors: Pakharuddin N H , Fazly M N , Ahmad Sukari S H , Tho K , Zamri W F H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Water treatment is the process of removing all those substances, whether biological, chemical, or physical, that are potentially harmful to the water supply for human and domestic use. This treatment helps to produce water that is safe, palatable, clear, colorless, and odorless. The basic steps of water treatment include coagulation, precipitation, filtration, and disinfection. Water treatment before supplying water to consumers is essential to improve water quality to create a sustainable life. Water treatment can eliminate potential or certain harmful substances in the water to prevent the consumption of contaminated water sources that can cause potential health problems. Therefore, it is important to establish a water treatment facility with sufficient capacity to remove pollutants according to standards before being supplied to consumers. In this study, the focus of the discussion is on the use of river water as a source of water for consumers in Japan, Australia, Canada, and Malaysia after a water treatment process. This paper reviews the recent progresses of water treatment process using both conventional and advanced methods. A brief discussion on the water quality index of each country’s rivers is presented. Several potential applications of Industrial Revolution 4.0 technology in the water treatment process are discussed. Adoption of the industrial revolution of technology in water treatment may provide many benefits to this field and excavate more potential improvement. This paper will deliver a scientific and technical overview and useful information to scientists, engineers, and stakeholders who work in this field.
Sulfate (SO42−) removal by electrocoagulation process under combined electrical connection of electrodes
Authors: Al-Raad A A , Hanafiah M M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInorganic compounds in water can have detrimental effects on human health and the environment due to the high toxicity level of these ionic contaminants. This study assessed the efficiency of electrocoagulation process for removing sulfate (SO42−). The technology of electrocoagulation depends mainly on electrical applied that produce coagulant species in a certain position via electro-dissolution of sacrificial anodes which are often made of iron or aluminum. EC process illustrated great potential as a vital method in eliminating numerous types of contaminants including inorganic contaminants at a lesser cost, and ecologically friendly technique. In the present study, aluminum materials were utilized in both cathode and anode electrodes. Water samples were obtained from Sawa Lake, Al-Muthanna Province located in Iraq. Electrocoagulation formations with static electrodes were used under mutual electrical connection. The effects of the different variables such as pH, current density, inter electrode distance, reaction time and stirring speed were scrutinized to obtain a higher removal of SO42−. Preliminary outcomes exhibited the following optimal and functional conditions; pH = 8, current density = 0.8A, reaction time (RT) = 80 min, IED = 1 cm, temperature = 27 °C and agitation speed = 500 rpm. The maximum removal efficiency of SO42−is 88 %. The present statistical rates proved the effectiveness of EC method in terms of removing salts from lake water.
Solutions of contemporary problems of environmental safety as a component of national security
Authors: Popova L M , Skochko S A , Nesterenko O V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the priorities of the national interests of each country is to ensure environmental security as a component of national security. At the same time, among the current and projected threats to national security and national interests of almost all countries of the world are the consequences of climate change and the growth of man-made pressure on the environment. Therefore, today it is necessary to find ways to solve modern problems of environmental safety, including climate safety, which is the purpose of this scientific work. A promising way to reduce the risks of global climate threat is to ensure the environmental security of each country, which provides for the introduction of green technologies on the principle of construction of biopower plants in combination with poultry and livestock farms, as well as in combination with organic raw materials from the population, agricultural enterprises, utilities. In addition, it is planned to obtain biogas as an “alternative fuel”, which will produce electricity and heat, which will be used in lighting and heating of buildings. To prevent the complication of the environmental situation and reduce the intensity of climate change, it is proposed to reduce the area of landfills for organic raw materials. Analysis of soil contamination was conducted near the landfill for solid waste in Lozova city (Ukraine), from which the results of research.
Embracing the uncertainty: the evolution of SOFI into a diverse family of fluctuation-based super-resolution microscopy methods
Authors: Pawlowska Monika , Tenne Ron , Ghosh Bohnishikha , Makowski Adrian , Lapkiewicz Radek 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy techniques have pushed-down the limits of resolution in optical imaging by more than an order of magnitude. However, these methods often require long acquisition times in addition to complex setups and sample preparation protocols. Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) emerged over ten years ago as an approach that exploits temporal and spatial correlations within the acquired images to obtain increased resolution with less strict requirements. This review follows the progress of SOFI from its first demonstration to the development of a branch of methods that treat fluctuations as a source of contrast, rather than noise. Among others, we highlight the implementation of SOFI with standard fluorescent proteins as well as microscope modifications that facilitate 3D imaging and the application of modern cameras. Going beyond the classical framework of SOFI, we explore different innovative concepts from deep neural networks all the way to a quantum analogue of SOFI, antibunching microscopy. While SOFI has not reached the same level of ubiquity as other super-resolution methods, our overview finds significant progress and substantial potential for the concept of leveraging fluorescence fluctuations to obtain super-resolved images.
Maternal Thyroid Anomalies and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Progeny
Authors: Rotem Ran S , Chodick Gabriel , Davidovitch Michael , Bellavia Andrea , Weisskopf Marc G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Previous epidemiologic investigations suggested that maternal thyroid anomalies are a possible causal factor in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in progeny, yet clinical trials indicated that levothyroxine treatment was ineffective in preventing neurodevelopmental impairments. We used an Israeli cohort of 385,542 singleton births from 1999–2012 to explore the interrelated roles of maternal thyroid conditions, laboratory gestational thyroid hormone measurements, use of thyroid medications, and offspring ADHD. Analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results indicated that maternal hypothyroidism diagnosis was associated with an elevated progeny ADHD hazard (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval = 1.10, 1.18). However, this association was unmitigated by gestational use of levothyroxine and was unexplained by maternal gestational thyroid hormone levels. Associations with gestational thyrotropin values and hypothyroxinemia were also observed but were robust only in mothers without other records indicative of a thyroid problem. Results indicated that maternal thyroid hypofunction was associated with progeny ADHD but possibly not due to a direct causal relationship. Instead, maternal thyroid hypofunction may serve as a proxy indicator for other factors that affect neurodevelopment through thyroid hormone independent pathways, which are thus unaffected by pharmaceutical treatments for thyroid hypofunction. Factors known to disrupt thyroid functioning should be examined for their independent ADHD-related effects.
tcplfit2: an R-language general purpose concentration–response modeling package
Authors: Sheffield Thomas , Brown Jason , Davidson Sarah , Friedman Katie Paul , Judson Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Summary
Many applications of chemical screening are performed in concentration or dose–response mode, and it is necessary to extract appropriate parameters, including whether the chemical/assay pair is active and if so, what are concentrations where activity is seen. Typically, multiple mathematical models or curve shapes are tested against the data to assess the best fit. There are several commercial programs used for this purpose as well as open-source libraries. A widely used system for managing high-throughput screening (HTS) concentration–response data is tcpl (ToxCast Pipeline). The current implementation of tcpl has the concentration–response modeling code tightly integrated with the data management and databasing aspects of HTS data processing. Tcplfit2 is a stand-alone version of the curve-fitting and hitcalling core of tcpl that has been extended to include a large number of standard curve classes and to use benchmark dose modeling. This package will be useful for HTS concentration–response data such as high-throughput whole genome transcriptomics.

Availability and implementation
tcplfit2 is written in R and is available from CRAN.
A review of Mendelian randomization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Julian Thomas H , Boddy Sarah , Islam Mahjabin , Kurz Julian , Whittaker Katherine J , Moll Tobias , Harvey Calum , Zhang Sai , Snyder Michael P , McDermott Christopher , Cooper-Knock Johnathan , Shaw Pamela J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a relatively common and rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease that, in the majority of cases, is thought to be determined by a complex gene–environment interaction. Exponential growth in the number of performed genome-wide association studies combined with the advent of Mendelian randomization is opening significant new opportunities to identify environmental exposures that increase or decrease the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Each of these discoveries has the potential to shape new therapeutic interventions. However, to do so, rigorous methodological standards must be applied in the performance of Mendelian randomization. We have reviewed Mendelian randomization studies performed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to date. We identified 20 Mendelian randomization studies, including evaluation of physical exercise, adiposity, cognitive performance, immune function, blood lipids, sleep behaviours, educational attainment, alcohol consumption, smoking and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We have evaluated each study using gold standard methodology supported by the Mendelian randomization literature and the STROBE–Mendelian randomization checklist. Where discrepancies exist between Mendelian randomization studies, we suggest the underlying reasons. A number of studies conclude that there is a causal link between blood lipids and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; replication across different datasets and even different populations adds confidence. For other putative risk factors, such as smoking and immune function, Mendelian randomization studies have provided cause for doubt. We highlight the use of positive control analyses in choosing exposure single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to make up the Mendelian randomization instrument, use of SNP clumping to avoid false positive results due to SNPs in linkage and the importance of multiple testing correction. We discuss the implications of survival bias for study of late age of onset diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and make recommendations to mitigate this potentially important confounder. For Mendelian randomization to be useful to the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis field, high methodological standards must be applied to ensure reproducibility. Mendelian randomization is already an impactful tool, but poor-quality studies will lead to incorrect interpretations by a field that includes non-statisticians, wasted resources and missed opportunities.
Low ambient temperature and temperature drop between neighbouring days and acute aortic dissection: a case-crossover study
Authors: Chen Jinmiao , Gao Ya , Jiang Yixuan , Li Huichu , Lv Minzhi , Duan Weixun , Lai Hao , Chen Renjie , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
The incidence of acute aortic dissection (AAD) has been shown to have seasonal variation, but whether this variation can be explained by non-optimum ambient temperature and temperature change between neighbouring days (TCN) is not clear.

Methods and results
We performed a time-stratified case-crossover study in the Registry of Aortic Dissection in China covering 14 tertiary hospitals in 11 cities from 2009 to 2019. A total of 8182 cases of AAD were included. Weather data at residential address were matched from nearby monitoring stations. Conditional logistic regression model and distributed lag nonlinear model were used to estimate the associations of daily temperature and TCN with AAD, adjusting for possible confounders. We observed an increase of AAD risk with lower temperature cumulated over lag 0–1 day and this association became statistically significant when daily mean temperature was below 24°C. Relative to the referent temperature (28°C), the odds ratios (ORs) of AAD onset at extremely low (−10°C) and low (1°C) temperature cumulated over lag 0–1 day were 2.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69, 4.75] and 2.36 (95% CI: 1.61, 3.47), respectively. A negative TCN was associated with increased risk of AAD. The OR of AAD cumulated over lag 0–6 days was 2.66 (95% CI: 1.76, 4.02) comparing the extremely negative TCN (−7°C) to no temperature change. In contrast, a positive TCN was associated with reduced AAD risk.

Conclusion
This study provides novel and robust evidence that low ambient temperature and temperature drop between neighbouring days were associated with increased risk of AAD onset.

Key Question
Incidence of acute aortic dissection (AAD) was reported to have seasonal trends, but it remains unclear whether non-optimum ambient temperature and temperature change between neighbouring days (TCN) is associated with AAD onset.

Key Finding
Daily mean temperature lower than 24°C was significantly associated with increased risk of AAD at lag 0–1 day. A negative TCN (temperature drop) was associated with increased risk of AAD, whereas a positive TCN was associated with decreased risk.

Take Home Message
This multi-centre, case-crossover study provides novel and robust evidence that low ambient temperature and temperature drop between neighbouring days were associated with increased AAD risk.
Aging in Place During a Pandemic: Neighborhood Engagement and Environments Since the COVID-19 Pandemic Onset
Authors: Finlay Jessica M , Meltzer Gabriella , Cannon Melissa , Kobayashi Lindsay C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may fundamentally change neighborhood environments and ways of aging in place. This research aimed to investigate perceptions of and engagement in neighborhoods since the pandemic onset among aging Americans.

Research Design and Methods
Data were from the COVID-19 Coping Study, a longitudinal cohort study of health and well-being of U.S. adults aged 55 years or older during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the present analysis, we conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of responses to an open-ended survey question about how respondents felt that COVID-19 has affected their neighborhood and relationships with neighbors. The survey data were collected June–September 2020 and analyzed for a random-stratified subsample of 1,000 study participants. Sampling quotas for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education aimed to match the U.S. population aged 55 years or older (average age: 67.7 years).

Results
We identified 4 overarching themes: altered neighborly social interactions, support levels, and community environments; and no observed changes. Geographic factors that affected neighborhood engagement included age structure, sociopolitical diversity, urbanicity/rurality, and walkability; while individual factors included age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, political orientation, health status, duration of residence, lifestyle, and personality.

Discussion and Implications
The results highlight resilience among aging adults and their neighbors, sources of individual and community vulnerability, and opportunities to strengthen social infrastructure to support aging in place since the pandemic onset.
Mutations of the histone linker H1–4 in neurodevelopmental disorders and functional characterization of neurons expressing C-terminus frameshift mutant H1.4
Authors: Tremblay Martine W , Green Matthew V , Goldstein Benjamin M , Aldridge Andrew I , Rosenfeld Jill A , Streff Haley , Tan Wendy D , Craigen William , Bekheirnia Nasim , Al Tala Saeed , West Anne E , Jiang Yong-hui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rahman syndrome (RMNS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by mild to severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, vision problems, bone abnormalities and dysmorphic facies. RMNS is caused by de novo heterozygous mutations in the histone linker gene H1–4; however, mechanisms underlying impaired neurodevelopment in RMNS are not understood. All reported mutations associated with RMNS in H1–4 are small insertions or deletions that create a shared frameshift, resulting in a H1.4 protein that is both truncated and possessing an abnormal C-terminus frameshifted tail (H1.4 CFT). To expand understanding of mutations and phenotypes associated with mutant H1–4, we identified new variants at both the C- and N-terminus of H1.4. The clinical features of mutations identified at the C-terminus are consistent with other reports and strengthen the support of pathogenicity of H1.4 CFT. To understand how H1.4 CFT may disrupt brain function, we exogenously expressed wild-type or H1.4 CFT protein in rat hippocampal neurons and assessed neuronal structure and function. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed ~ 400 genes altered in the presence of H1.4 CFT. Neuronal genes downregulated by H1.4 CFT were enriched for functional categories involved in synaptic communication and neuropeptide signaling. Neurons expressing H1.4 CFT also showed reduced neuronal activity on multielectrode arrays. These data are the first to characterize the transcriptional and functional consequence of H1.4 CFT in neurons. Our data provide insight into causes of neurodevelopmental impairments associated with frameshift mutations in the C-terminus of H1.4 and highlight the need for future studies on the function of histone H1.4 in neurons.