bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humour as a strategy for news delivery: the case of Meduza
Authors: Vasileva Viktoria Vladimirovna , Ivanova Liubov Yurevna 
Published: April 2021

In this article, humour is viewed as a strategic resource for informing in media discourse. It is analyzed through the case of “Evening Meduza”, a Russian-language nightly newsletter, received via email or Telegram messenger. A media linguistics analysis of polycode hypermedia text is used to identify communicative linguistic means, contributing to a comic reinterpretation of news on the paratextual, intratextual and visual-illustrative level. News messages in the newsletter are created in the format of compressed “packagings” (a term borrowed from Chafe) with embedded links, following which an addressee goes to the page with source text or concomitant informational resources. Humour is analyzed in packagings as well as in whole text and paratext blocks. Humorous means are revealed in three vectors of analysis: empathy in packaging texts, paratextual focus interaction, and news visualization. The change of narrative perspectives in text packages allows the authors to shift the focus of contrast within a newspiece and create humorous content while showing empathy to readers with different presuppositional expectations. The author’s signature always includes a prepositive ironic addition (attribution) that highlights one of the issue’s news elements and forces the audience to reread the newsletter in order to understand the semantic relation. Subheadings create a comic contrast, focusing on individual parts of the reference content while preparing the reader to perceive the news of the day interconnectedly. A mandatory humorous component in the block “And – picture” was found to show the news event in a visual semiotic code using a demotivator style that expresses a pun.
Biocontrol of invasive pheretimoid earthworms using Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Nouri-Aiin Maryam , Görres Josef H. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Invasive species cause enormous costs of over $120 billion to the U.S. economy. Among biological invasions, the invasion by pheretimoid earthworms has gone relatively unnoticed and their invasion imposes yet unknown damage on USA agriculture and horticulture. The main dispersal is with horticultural goods such as plant material and composts. Pheretimoids affect commercially important hardwood forest. With no chemical agents currently certified for earthworm control nor any best horticultural practices, slowing the invasion is difficult.

Methods
In this study we measured the efficacy of a commercial entomopathogenic fungal isolate of B. bassiana (BotaniGard®) to kill pheretimoid earthworms under greenhouse conditions. Four treatments of B. bassiana were applied: The commercial product as per label, re-cultured commercial B. bassiana, 15 g and 25 g millet grains mycotized with recultured product. In all, three bioassays were conducted in 2 consecutive years with two batches of BotaniGard®.

Results
With fresh batches, all B. bassiana treatments with re-cultured product resulted in greater than 70% mortality within 4 weeks. Mortality was less than 60% when BotaniGard® was used as prescribed by the label. When using 1-year old spores (refrigerated at 4 °C), mortality rates for B. bassiana treatments were less than 20% and not significantly different from the controls. However, B. bassiana still affected the earthworms by slowing their development from juvenile to adult stage.

Conclusion
B. bassiana was effective against pheretimoid earthworms. Overall, mycotized millet grains did not significantly increase mortality over the re-cultured, directly applied B. bassiana spores. More experimentation is needed to find the mode of action of the re-cultured B. bassiana before investigating ways to improve the efficacy of B. bassiana when applied as prescribed on the label.
Single‐Molecule Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Bai Jie , Li Xiaohui , Zhu Zhiyu , Zheng Yan , Hong Wenjing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSingle‐molecule electrochemical transistors are a type of novel molecular devices in which the tunneling current through the single‐molecule junction is modulated by the electrochemical gate, and is considered a promising candidate to be employed in molecular integrated circuits for building the future “molecular computers.” Benefiting from the particular interfacial electrical double layer, the current modulation process can be realized through direct orbital gating as well as electrochemical electron transfer driven by electrode potential, thus significantly enriching the functions of the transistor devices. This review focuses on the transfer characteristics and the performance of several typical types of single‐molecule electrochemical transistors and the prospects for the fabrication toward integrated devices.
Artificial Organelles with Orthogonal‐Responsive Membranes for Protocell Systems: Probing the Intrinsic and Sequential Docking and Diffusion of Cargo into Two Coexisting Avidin–Polymersomes
Authors: Wang Xueyi , Moreno Silvia , Boye Susanne , Wang Peng , Liu Xiaoling , Lederer Albena , Voit Brigitte , Appelhans Dietmar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe challenge of effective integration and use of artificial organelles with orthogonal‐responsive membranes and their communication in eukaryotic protocells is to understand the intrinsic membrane characteristics. Here, a novel photo‐crosslinked and pH‐responsive polymersome (Psome B) with 2‐(N,N′‐diisopropylamino)ethyl units in the membrane and its respective Avidin‐Psome B hybrids, are reported as good candidates for artificial organelles. Biotinylated (macro)molecules are able to dock and diffuse into Avidin‐Psome B to carry out biological activity in a pH‐ and size‐dependent manner. Combined with another polymersome (Psome A) with 2‐(N,N′‐diethylamino)ethyl units in the membrane, two different pH‐responsive polymersomes for mimicking different organelles in one protocell system are reported. The different intrinsic docking and diffusion processes of cargo (macro)molecules through the membranes of coexisting Psome A and B are pH‐dependent as confirmed using pH titration–dynamic light scattering (DLS). Psome A and B show separated “open”, “closing/opening”, and “closed” states at various pH ranges with different membrane permeability. The results pave the way for the construction of multicompartmentalized protocells with controlled communications between different artificial organelles.
Mechanochemische Bildung von Gold(III)‐Kohlenstoffbindungen
Authors: Eppel Daniel , Eryiğit Alpay , Rudolph Matthias , Brückner Margit , Rominger Frank , Asiri Abdullah M. , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAusgehend von einem [(MeOC^N^C)AuCl]‐Komplex als Vorstufe wurde eine direkte Substitution durch C,H‐Aktivierung von sp‐, sp2‐ oder sp3‐C,H‐Bindungen unter basischen Bedingungen in einer Planetenkugelmühle erreicht. Aufgrund der außergewöhnlichen photophysikalischen Eigenschaften der Zielverbindungen bietet dieses Verfahren einen einfachen Zugang zu einer wertvollen Klasse von Komplexen. Im Gegensatz zu zuvor bereits bestehenden Verfahren, erfordert dieses keine Vorfunktionalisierung der Ausgangsmaterialien und die Verwendung teurer Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren kann vermieden werden, was diese Anwendung auch für industrielle Zwecke attraktiv macht. Darüber hinaus war die Methodik nicht auf Pincer‐Komplexe beschränkt, was durch die Substitution von Chelat‐Typ [(tpy)AuCl2]‐Komplexen gezeigt wurde.
Mechanochemical Release of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes from Flex‐Activated Mechanophores
Authors: Shen Hang , Larsen Michael B. , Roessler Allison G. , Zimmerman Paul M. , Boydston Andrew J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe have discovered a new flex‐activated mechanophore that releases an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) under mechanical load. The mechanophore design is based upon NHC‐carbodiimide (NHC‐CDI) adducts and demonstrates an important first step toward flex‐activated designs capable of further downstream reactivities. Since the flex‐activation is non‐destructive to the main polymer chains, the material can be subjected to multiple compression cycles to achieve iterative increases in the activation percentage of mechanophores. Two different NHC structures were demonstrated, signifying the potential modularity of the mechanophore design.
Production of Piperidine and δ‐Lactam Chemicals from Biomass‐Derived Triacetic Acid Lactone
Authors: Chen Bingfeng , Xie Zhenbing , Peng Fangfang , Li Shaopeng , Yang Junjuan , Wu Tianbin , Fan Honglei , Zhang Zhaofu , Hou Minqiang , Li Shumu , Liu Huizhen , Han Buxing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPiperidine and δ‐Lactam chemicals have wide application, which are currently produced from fossil resource in industry. Production of this kind of chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass is of great importance, but is challenging and the reported routes give low yield. Herein, we demonstrate the strategy to synthesize 2‐methyl piperidine (MP) and 6‐methylpiperidin‐2‐one (MPO) from biomass‐derived triacetic acid lactone (TAL) that is produced microbially from glucose. In this route, TAL was firstly converted into 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methylpyridin‐2(1H)‐one (HMPO) through facile aminolysis, subsequently HMPO was selectively transformed into MP or MPO over Ru catalysts supported on beta zeolite (Ru/BEA‐X, X is the molar ratio of Si to Al) via the tandem reaction. It was found that the yield of MP could reach 76.5 % over Ru/BEA‐60 in t‐BuOH, and the yield of MPO could be 78.5 % in dioxane. Systematic studies reveal that the excellent catalytic performance of Ru/BEA‐60 was closely correlated with the cooperative effects between active metal and acidic zeolite with large pore geometries. The related reaction pathway was studied on the basis of control experiments.
(2‐Ethylhexyl)natrium: Ein hexanlösliches Reagenz für Br/Na‐Austauschreaktionen und dirigierte Metallierungen im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss
Authors: Harenberg Johannes H. , Weidmann Niels , Wiegand Alexander J. , Hoefer Carla A. , Annapureddy Rajasekar Reddy , Knochel Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWir beschreiben die bedarfsgerechte Produktion von hexanlöslichem (2‐Ethylhexyl)natrium (1) ausgehend von 3‐(Chloromethyl)heptan (2) unter Verwendung eines Natrium‐Festbettreaktors. Die resultierende Lösung von 1 ist frei von elementarem Natrium und auf Grund dessen für ein breites Feld an synthetischen Anwendungen geeignet. Dieses neue Protokoll vermeidet die Lagerung von Alkylnatriumreagenzien und limitiert die Handhabe von metallischem Natrium auf ein Minimum. (2‐Ethylhexyl)natrium (1) stellte seinen Nutzen unter Beweis und unterging nachgeschaltete Br/Na‐Austauschreaktionen sowie dirigierte Natriierungen. Die resultierenden Arylnatriumintermediate wurden nachfolgend im Kolben mit verschiedenen Elektrophilen wie zum Beispiel, Ketonen, Aldehyden, Weinreb‐Amiden, Iminen Allylbromiden, Disulfiden oder Alkyliodiden abgefangen. Eine Vergrößerung des Reaktionsansatzes des Br/Na‐Austausches unter Nutzung einer elektrophilen Abfangreaktion im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss wurde ebenfalls berichtet.
Highly Coordinated Heteronuclear Calcium–Iron Carbonyl Cation Complexes [CaFe(CO)n]+(n=5–12) with d−d Bonding
Authors: Jin Xiaoyang , Bai Yuna , Zhou Yangyu , Wang Guanjun , Zhao Lili , Zhou Mingfei , Frenking Gernot 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHeteronuclear calcium–iron carbonyl cation complexes in the form of [CaFe(CO)n]+(n=5–12) are produced in the gas phase. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations confirm that then=10 complex is the coordination saturated ion where a Fe(CO)4fragment is bonded with a Ca(CO)6fragment through two side‐on bridging carbonyl ligands. Bonding analysis indicates that it is best described by the bonding interactions between a [Ca(CO)6]2+dication and an [Fe(CO)4]−anion forming a Fe→Ca d−d dative bond in the [(CO)6Ca–Fe(CO)4]+structure, which enriches the pool of experimentally observed complexes of calcium that mimic transition metal compounds. The molecule is the first example of a heteronuclear carbonyl complex featuring a d−d bond between calcium and a transition metal.
Purification of Propylene and Ethylene by a Robust Metal–Organic Framework Mediated by Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Li Jiangnan , Han Xue , Kang Xinchen , Chen Yinlin , Xu Shaojun , Smith Gemma L. , Tillotson Evan , Cheng Yongqiang , McCormick McPherson Laura J. , Teat Simon J. , Rudić Svemir , Ramirez‐Cuesta Anibal J. , Haigh Sarah J. , Schröder Martin , Yang Sihai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIndustrial purification of propylene and ethylene requires cryogenic distillation and selective hydrogenation over palladium catalysts to remove propane, ethane and/or trace amounts of acetylene. Here, we report the excellent separation of equimolar mixtures of propylene/propane and ethylene/ethane, and of a 1/100 mixture of acetylene/ethylene by a highly robust microporous material, MFM‐520, under dynamic conditions. In situ synchrotron single crystal X‐ray diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering and analysis of adsorption thermodynamic parameters reveal that a series of synergistic host–guest interactions involving hydrogen bonding and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions underpin the cooperative binding of alkenes within the pore. Notably, the optimal pore geometry of the material enables selective accommodation of acetylene. The practical potential of this porous material has been demonstrated by fabricating mixed‐matrix membranes comprising MFM‐520, Matrimid and PIM‐1, and these exhibit not only a high permeability for propylene (≈1984 Barrer), but also a separation factor of 7.8 for an equimolar mixture of propylene/propane at 298 K.
Mechanochemical Gold(III)‐Carbon Bond Formation
Authors: Eppel Daniel , Eryiğit Alpay , Rudolph Matthias , Brückner Margit , Rominger Frank , Asiri Abdullah M. , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStarting from a [(MeOC^N^C)AuCl] complex as precursor, a direct substitution by C,H‐activation from sp‐, sp2‐ or sp3‐C,H‐bonds under basic conditions in a planetary ball mill was achieved. Because of the extraordinary photophysical properties of the target compounds, this protocol provides an easy access to a highly valued complex class. In contrast to existing protocols, no pre‐functionalization of the starting materials is necessary and the use of expensive transition metal catalysts can be avoided, which makes this application appealing also for industrial purposes. In addition the methodology was not restricted to pincer complexes, which was demonstrated by the substitution of chelate type [(tpy)AuCl2] complexes.
In‐circuit high‐frequency jet ventilation to reduce organ motion in a child undergoing sarcoma ablation
Authors: Elgie L. D. , McPherson K. , Yeung J. , Marshall L. , Windsor R. , Bandula S. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryPatients with primary or metastatic solid tumours can be treated with minimally invasive image‐guided procedures as an alternative to surgical resection. Reducing organ motion during these procedures is crucial so that tumours can be accurately targeted and treatment delivered within a small margin, limiting potential damage to adjacent structures. As ventilation is the main cause of motion, there has been a shift from conventional ventilation towards the use of in‐circuit high‐frequency jet ventilation techniques for these procedures. We present the case of a 7‐year‐old who required computed tomography‐guided microwave ablation of a right lung metastatic nodule under general anaesthesia. The patient's lungs were ventilated with in‐circuit high‐frequency jet ventilation in order to provide optimum conditions for ablation. The treatment was successfully completed and she was discharged home the following day. High‐frequency jet ventilation is regularly used in our institution for adult computed tomography‐guided treatments and to our knowledge, this application has not been described yet in a child this young. Our experience suggests that this technique can be safely used in paediatric patients, though further investigation of the optimum parameters for in‐circuit high‐frequency jet ventilation in this population is warranted.
Synthesis and performance evaluation of a new drag reducer based on acrylamide/12‐allyloxydodecyl acid sodium
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Chang Honggang , Peng Tao , Tang Yongfan , Liu Youquan , Xiang Chao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydraulic fracturing with slickwater is a field‐proven stimulation technology used in tight reservoirs. Because of the high pumping rate associated with slickwater fracturing, drag reduction (DR) is critical in minimizing pressure drop and the success of oilfield operations. In this paper, a new type of drag reducer (SPR) was synthesized with acrylamide and 12‐allyloxydodecyl acid sodium, and its drag reduction performance was evaluated. The results showed that the new drag reducer features low molecular weight, fast‐dissolving rate and low interfacial tension. The algorithm of estimating the drag reduction rate of non‐Newtonian fluid SPR was proposed and validated. Empirical or semianalytical models for estimating the friction ratio (σ) or friction factor (λ or f) were used to simulate the turbulence behavior of the SPR drag reducer under different Reynolds numbers (Re). The modified Virk's correlation could accurately model the turbulent behavior of the SPR drag reducer. A unified calculation formula was established in this study for different pipe diameters.
Safe and flexible chitosan‐based polymer gel as an electrolyte for use in zinc‐alkaline based chemistries
Authors: Poosapati Aswani , Negrete Karla , Thorpe Micah , Hutchison John , Zupan Mark , Lan Yucheng , Madan Deepa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA novel flexible, high performing chitosan‐based gel electrolyte with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) additives is prepared, using an optimized energy and time efficient method. Incorporation of a gel‐based electrolyte in batteries aims to eliminate safety hazards present within conventional liquid‐based electrolyte constructions. The ionic conductivity values obtained at room temperature are in the range of 5.32–105 mS/cm depending on composition. Optical, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectra studies are conducted to understand morphological and structural changes in the films with additives. Thermogravimetric analysis, manual bending and tensile tests, linear scan and cyclic voltammetry analysis are also conducted to study the physical and electrochemical stability of the films. Also, the prepared electrolytes are incorporated to form Zn‐MnO2 batteries and tested. Results reveal no physical damage of the films under continuous bending over 250 cycles. Mechanical properties for CPK0.3 suggest a strong and ductile material well suited for the intended application. Additionally, the novel electrolyte exhibits excellent physical stability up to 50οC, electrochemical stability until 2 V for zinc electrodes and prove to successfully accommodate redox reactions involved in the Zn‐MnO2 alkaline system.
Effect of glassy carbon addition and photodegradation on the biodegradation in aqueous medium of poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)/glassy carbon green composites
Authors: Vieira Leonardo de Souza , Montagna Larissa Stieven , Silva Ana Paula Bernardo da , Verginio Gleice Ellen Almeida , Passador Fabio Roberto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of biodegradable polymers is an interesting way to reduce the polymeric waste accumulation in the environment. However, the addition of fillers to biodegradable polymer matrices may decrease their biodegradability. Glassy carbon (GC) is a promising carbon material that can be employed as a filler in the production of antistatic packaging utilized to protect electronic components. The use of a biodegradable polymeric matrix such as poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) can be an excellent alternative for the preparation of green composites to be used in these packages. This work aims to evaluate the effect of the GC addition and the GC particle size on the biodegradability of the PHBV matrix, as well as to study the result of the employment of a previous photodegradation treatment on the biodegradation in aqueous medium of PHBV/GC composites. Scanning electron microscopy, residual weight measurement (%) and surface roughness showed that GC does not interfere negatively with PHBV biodegradability. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis and residual weight measurement permitted to suggest that the increase in the crystallinity degree of PHBV and PHBV/GC samples occasioned by the ultraviolet radiation hindered the water and enzyme access to the bulk of the materials, decreasing the biodegradability.
Interrupting epistemicide: A practical framework for naming, identifying, and ending epistemic injustice in the information professions
Authors: Patin Beth , Sebastian Melinda , Yeon Jieun , Bertolini Danielle , Grimm Alexandra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe information professions need a paradigmatic shift to address the epistemicide happening within our field and the ways we have systematically undermined knowledge systems falling outside of Western traditions. Epistemicide is the killing, silencing, annihilation, or devaluing of a knowledge system. We argue epistemicide happens when epistemic injustices are persistent and systematic and collectively work as a structured and systemic oppression of particular ways of knowing. We present epistemicide as a conceptual approach for understanding and analyzing ways knowledge systems are silenced or devalued within Information Science. We extend Fricker's framework by: (a) identifying new types of epistemic injustices, and (b) by adding to Fricker's concepts of Primary and Secondary Harm and introducing the concept of aThird Harmhappening at an intergenerational level. Addressing epistemicide is critical for information professionals because we task ourselves with handling knowledge from every field. Acknowledgement of and taking steps to interrupt epistemic injustices and these specific harms are supportive of the social justice movements already happening. This paper serves as an interruption of epistemic injustice by presenting actions toward justice in the form of operationalized interventions of epistemicide.
Matrix approach to I‐detectability of partially observed discrete event systems
Authors: Dou Wenhui , Li Haitao , Li Yalu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractI‐detectability is an important issue in partially observed discrete event systems (DESs). In this paper, a Boolean semi‐tensor product (BSTP) approach is proposed to investigate the I‐detectability problem of partially observed DESs. First, two concepts of I‐detectability, that is, strong I‐detectability and weak I‐detectability, are recalled for partially observed DESs. Second, in order to estimate the initial state of DESs after finite observation events, an observer is constructed and converted to an algebraic form based on BSTP. Third, based on the algebraic form of observer, two necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for strong I‐detectability and weak I‐detectability of partially observed DESs, respectively. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.