bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the expressed miR-129 and miR-549a in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Montazeri Mina , Eskandari Nahid , Mansouri Reza 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) as circulating biomarkers has been underlined in multiple sclerosis (MS) in the last decade. Due to the presence of a possible relationship between expressed miRNAs and heterogeneous appearances of the pathological processes in MS, the present study attempts to evaluate the expression of miR-129 and miR-549a in patients with MS in comparison with healthy control (HC) group.

Materials and Methods:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated from fifty patients with MS (subtypes including relapsing–remitting MS and secondary progressive MS) in the Kashani Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, and fifty people as HC group. After RNA extraction and complementary DNA synthesis, the expression of miR-129 and miR-549a was evaluated in patients with MS in comparison with the HC group using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Mann–Whitney tests. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between miR-129 and miR-549a with age.

Results:
The results showed that the expression of miR-129 and miR-549a was not significant in patients with MS in comparison with the HC group. Furthermore, the relationship between such miRNAs and age and gender was not significant.

Conclusion:
We suggest the expression of miR-129 and miR-549a as circulating miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells could not be considered a biomarker for diagnosis and Para clinical.
Comparative Study of the Prophylactic Effects of Intravenous Injection of Dexmedetomidine, Ondansetron, and Pethidine on Postoperative Shivering of Abdominal Surgery under General Anesthesia
Authors: Jabalameli Mitra , Nazemroaya Behzad , Heydari Mahsa 
Published: December 2021

Background:
postoperative shivering is a common complication of various surgical, so far no acceptable theory has been presented on the prevention of it. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine, ondansetron, and pethidine on postoperative shivering among patients under abdominal surgery.

Materials and Methods:
In a double-blind clinical trial study, 128 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were selected and randomly divided into four groups of 32. In the 4 groups, 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine, 0.5 mg/kg pethidine, 0.1 mg/kg ondansetron, and the same volume of normal saline were injected intravenously when anesthetics were discontinued and the incidence and severity of postoperative shivering were determined and compared in four groups.

Results:
The incidence of postoperative shivering was 12.5% in the dexmedetomidine group, 31.3% in the ondansetron group, 31.3% in the pethidine group, and 50% in the control group (P = 0.015). The mean of shivering severity in the four groups was 1.33 ± 0.5, 0.17 ± 0.8, 1.09 ± 0.4, and 1.13 ± 0.39, and the difference between the four groups was significant (P = 0.005).

Conclusion:
The use of all three drugs of dexmedetomidine, ondansetron, and pethidine is effective in decreasing the incidence of postoperative shivering, but the use of dexmedetomidine is associated with less postoperative shivering, better hemodynamic stability, and fewer other postoperative complications.
Strengthening home-based postnatal care of rural area of two districts of Haryana using mobile phone technology
Authors: Sharma Bharti , Raina Ankit , Kumar Vijay , Mohanty Premananda N. , Sharma Minakshi , Gupta Amit 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Home-based postnatal care (HBPNC) plays an important role in improving the survival of mothers and newborns by complementing facility-based care. In India, HBPNC was initiated in 2011 under National Rural Health Mission, but the coverage and quality of postnatal care still remain a challenge. In the present study, we describe the methodology used in strengthening the existing HBPNC by utilizing mobile phone technology.

Material & Methods:
The study was conducted in the rural population of two districts of Haryana in collaboration with the National Health Mission Haryana and Survival for Women and Children (SWACH) foundation. The Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in the study area were provided a mobile phone and training related to the use of mobile technology, their roles, responsibility, and the information to be shared through phone and its purpose.

Results:
Along with providing home-based post-partum care, a total of 120,654 births (from May 2015 to August 2019) with detailed outcomes of pregnancy have been reported to SWACH. Population-based birth defect surveillance, stillbirth surveillance, and investigation of neonatal deaths are being done successfully using the same platform. Deaths are also being investigated by verbal autopsy. Age- and stage-specific participatory learning groups for action have been created on mobile phones for pregnant women, postnatal mothers to provide support, and interactive education to improve the maternal, newborn, and child health.

Conclusion:
It is feasible to strengthen the existing HBPNC with mobile phone technology to improve maternal and child health further. Vital events can be captured on an ongoing basis through ASHA as a key informant.
Prevalence and determinants of spacing contraceptive use among rural married women of Jammu, India
Authors: Khuda Priyanka , Gupta Nand Lal , Palaka Nishikanth , Kaur Gurjeet 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Promotion of family planning, especially the use of contraceptive methods is essential to secure the well-being and development of society. Despite rise in the temporary contraceptive usage over the years, the implementation of the spacing method has been indicated lower in rural as compared to the urban areas of India. This study aims to find out the prevalence and determinants of current use of spacing contraceptives among married rural women of Jammu district, Jammu and Kashmir.

Material and Methods:
A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2018 among married rural women. The survey was conducted house to house, and data were collected with the help of a questionnaire and BG Prasad Scale. Multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to select the participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify the factors associated with the current use of spacing contraceptive methods.

Results:
The current use of spacing contraceptive among married women was found to be 16.4%. The male condom was the most used method (55.7%) as well as most preferred contraceptive (46.8%). Lack of knowledge was reported as the main reason for not using contraceptive method. The current use of spacing contraceptive method was significantly higher among the upper socioeconomic status (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.37(1.06–5.29), women with higher education (AOR) 5.04 (0.68–37.18), living in nuclear family (AOR 1.90; CI: 1.01–3.60), with 2 or more surviving children (AOR) 2.45 (1.27–4.73), and living near health center (AOR) 1.69 (0.91–3.14).

Conclusion:
Effective targeted programs along with conduction of more field researches that give scientific information should be implemented to achieve the desired goal of contraceptive usage in the rural area among married couples.
Smart phone usage pattern and associated insomnia among undergraduate students of a Medical College in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Mani Geetha , Elavarasan Karthikeyan , Norman Prasan , Dhandapani Thirunaaukarasu 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
With increased integration of technology into medical education, smart phones have become an indispensable tool. Excess exposure to smart phones and its inadvertent use result in adverse health consequences, both physical and psychological. This study was planned to assess smart phone usage pattern and prevalence of smart phone addiction among undergraduate medical students and to identify association between smart phone usage and insomnia.

Material and Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students of a medical college in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, during January and February 2020. A total of 221 students from first, second, and third year MBBS participated. A Google Form with informed consent, smart phone usage practices, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used as study tool. Data were summarized as percentages, mean, and standard deviation and appropriate statistical tests of significance applied using SPSS software.

Results:
Approximately half the students (49.3%) used smart phones for up to 3 h daily. Online videos (37.5%) and social media (34.9%) were the most common applications used; 39.4% skipped night-time sleep to use smart phone. The prevalence of smart phone addiction and insomnia was 23.5% and 30%, respectively. Gender, duration of use, time spent in online chats, and Internet search were significantly associated with insomnia; 51.9% of those with smart phone addiction reported insomnia (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of smart phone addiction and associated insomnia are high among medical students. With evolving need for technology in medical education, it is imperative that students are sensitized to rational use of smart phones.
Perceptions of medical students regarding medical profession
Authors: Priyanka  , Goel Manish Kumar , Rasania Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Medical students enter this profession with a set of perceptions toward the practice of medicine. The study of these factors becomes important as it may provide an insight into the perceptions of doctors toward medical profession to maintain a high standard of professionalism among medical practitioners.

Material & Methods:
This study was conducted by the department of community medicine of a premier medical institute of Delhi and involved the analysis of 457 feedback forms filled by medical students about their perceptions regarding medical profession at the time of entry and at the end of graduation. The responses were read several times and categorized into similar thematic areas.

Results:
At the time of choosing profession, 74.8% mentioned the reasons as, its respectable status in the society, 71.8% mentioned their interest to serve people, 26.9% the possibility of huge financial earning, and 21.2% the ease of getting employment. At the end of graduation, 312 (68.3%) considered ease of getting a job and 251 (54.9%) high paying capacity. The proportion of participants mentioning the profession to be prestigious and respectful (50.1%) and intention to serve people (51.2%) considerably declined. Regarding the reasons for change, majority (74.6%) mentioned stress, 66.7% felt it less rewarding, and 54.2% mentioned difficulty to maintain work-life balance.

Conclusion:
There was a change in students' perceptions at the end of graduation as compared to the time of entry. Their focus shifted from being in a respectful profession and serving community to getting jobs and earning money.
Assessment of quality of life and its determinants among the elderly residing in a rural area of Faridabad
Authors: Gupta Ekta , Goswami Shweta , Aggarwal Vaishali , Singh Mitasha , Agarwalla Rashmi 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Population aging as a result of demographic transition has brought into focus issues pertaining to health status of elderly. We aimed to assess different domains of quality of life (QoL) and its determinants among the elderly population of a rural area of Faridabad.

Material & Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 300 elderly people aged 60 years and above from October 2018 to January 2019 in village Pali of Faridabad, Haryana. The World Health Organization QOL-BREF scale was used for the assessment of QoL.

Results:
The study included 44% males with a mean age of 67.1 ± 7 years. The mean QOL score was highest in psychological domain (63.26 ± 18.48), followed by environmental domain (62.64 ± 16.23), physical domain (60.58 ± 19.24), and lowest in social domain (59.33 ± 17.81).

Conclusion:
Physical domain of QoL was significantly better in nondiseased elderly, while social domain was not significantly affected by morbidities or health-seeking behavior. Overall, QoL was fair to good. Determinants of good QoL included social as well as economic characteristics such as higher education, sex, and the absence of chronic disorders.
The Safety and Efficacy of Hip Arthroscopy Performed using a Novel Knotless Suture Anchor
Authors: Turcotte Justin , Kelly McKayla , Petre Benjamin M. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Hip arthroscopy is commonly performed for patients with from femoroacetabular impingement (FAI); however, this procedure is technically difficult due to the anatomy of the hip joint and surrounding tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the complication rates of hip arthroscopy procedures for FAI performed using the MICRORAPTOR Knotless Suture Anchor system.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI was conducted. All patients underwent labral repair or reconstruction using the MICRORAPTOR Knotless suture anchor. The primary endpoint was any intraoperative or postoperative complication. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to assess the patient characteristics and outcomes.

Results:
Forty-three hip arthroscopies in 42 patients were reviewed at an average of 9 months (standard deviation 4 months) postoperatively; 36 (85.7%) were reviewed at over 6 months postoperatively. At presentation, 90.7% of patients demonstrated a positive anterior impingement sign, 86.0% demonstrated a positive posterior impingement sign, and the median pain numeric rating scale (NRS) was 7.0 ± 4.0 on a scale of 0–10. Four surgeries (9.3%) were revision hip arthroscopies, whereas the remaining 39 (90.7%) were primary labral repairs or reconstructions. Overall, the complications occurred in two (4.6%) cases. The median postoperative pain NRS was reduced from 7.0 ± 4.0 preoperatively to 2.0 ± 6.0 postoperatively (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
The MICRORAPTOR Knotless suture anchor appears to be safe for use in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI.
Sural Flap Effectiveness in Exposed Lower Extremity Fractures
Authors: Romero Fernando , Gonzalez Juan Carlos , Reyes Carlos Raul , Ardebol Javier 
Published: December 2021

Background:
In a Guatemalan public hospital, 3710 fractures were diagnosed in 2016, of which 723 corresponded to the tibia. Of these tibial fractures, approximately 15% were exposed. Skin coverage in exposed fractures has always been a challenge for the attending physician. In the case of the lower limb, there is the option of making a sural flap.

Objectives:
To determine the effectiveness of the sural flaps when utilizing this technique as a treatment for exposed fractures in the lower limb in adult patients.

Methods:
A prospective observational descriptive study, the evaluated patients and patient files as primary and secondary sources, respectively, and control with observational variables. The sample consisted of 24 patients who got 3 follow-up appointments at 5 days, 2 weeks, and a year.

Results:
The results manifested effectiveness of 95.8%. The area most affected was the lateral malleolus. Additionally, comorbidities, schooling, and gender showed no influence on the effectiveness of the flap.

Conclusion:
The effectiveness of the sural flap technique in exposed fractures was 95.8%.

Recommendations:
Physicians ought to consider using the sural flap as the treatment of choice for skin coverage defects localized in the distal and middle third regardless of the leg and cause of the defect.
Is Intramedullary K-wire Fixation Still Indicated in Treatment Midshaft Clavicle Fractures without Comminution?
Authors: Maaty Medhat Tawfik 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Middle third clavicle fractures consist of up to 85% of clavicle fractures. Intramedullary (IM) fixation devices can be accomplished with less soft tissue dissection, more cosmetic incisions, and they may permit callus formation due to the relative stability with a different complication profile from plate fixation.

Patients and Methods:
Between July 2013 and November 2015, 25 patients presented by fracture midshaft clavicle without comminution were treated at our institution by minimal invasive retrograde IM k-wires.

Results:
The fractures union ranged from 12 to 16 weeks both clinically and radiologically. The results were excellent in 21 patients (84%) and good in 3 patients (12%). One (4%) had a poor result. All patients returned to their preinjury activities and jobs or sports activities.

Conclusions:
Surgical treatment of midshaft clavicle fracture without comminution through minimal invasive retrograde IM k-wire fixation improved the results and compared favorably with other techniques.
Free Fibular Graft Augmentation in Delayed Fixation of Fracture Neck of Femur in Young Adults
Authors: Thejaswi S. G. , Sagar B. G. , Kumar P. C. Sunil 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
This clinical study was conducted to assess the long-term follow-up results of using free fibular graft to augment fracture fixation with cannulated cancellous screw (CCS) or dynamic hip screw (DHS) as a treatment option for femoral neck fractures in young adults who presented after 24 h of injury but within 3 weeks.

Methodology:
A prospective study was conducted on the patients of femoral neck fractures managed with multiple cancellous screws or DHS with fibular graft. Patients aged between 15 and 50 years and having Garden Type III or IV fracture with duration of injury >3 weeks were included in the study. They were assessed for radiological outcome and functional outcome using modified Harris hip score.

Results:
Twenty-two cases were operated between day 2 and day 21 after sustaining injury. The mean time of union was 3.4 months. Nineteen fractures united uneventfully. Two fractures went in for nonunion and one developed avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. According to Harris hip score, 14 patients scored “excellent,” three patients scored “good,” three scored “fair,” and “poor” score was recorded in two patients.

Conclusions:
Delay in surgery as a contributing factor for the development of complications in fracture neck of femur cannot be ruled out with the present literature available. Using a free fibular graft as an adjunct to implant construct helps in reducing the rates of nonunion and AVN. However, this cannot be a substitute for proper surgical precision that is required in the treatment of fracture neck of femur. Further prospective studies involving large sample size are required.
Effect of Mckenzie Method on Pain and Function in Patients with Cervicogenic Headache
Authors: Saini Seema , Pamnani Vinita , Palekar Tushar J. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Individuals with cervicogenic headache (CGH) go through problems in activity of daily living, limitedsocial involvement, and emotional distress. CGH patients score the “worse” in the physical function category when compared to migraine patients.

Aims:
The aim was to study the effect of McKenzie complemented with conventional treatment on cervical rotation and headache in patients with CGH.

Settings and Design:
This was an experimental study design and systematic sampling method was used to collect data. The study setting was an Smt. Kashibai Navale General Hospital, Physiotherapy Outpatient Department, Pune, India.

Methodology:
Thirty subjects were selected with CGH which fulfills the criteria given by the CGH International Study Group. They were divided into two groups of 15 each. One group was given conventional treatment and the other was given conventional combined with McKenzie Method. Flexion–rotation test (FRT), Visual Analog Scale, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Headache Disability Index were used as outcome measures.

Statistical Analysis Used:

T-test was applied to see the difference in pre and post values for all variables in both the groups. All data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 21 with level of significance for all statistical tests set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
The results showed that FRT has a statistically significant difference in both the groups. Headache disability showed a significant improvement in both the groups with statistically significant difference P < 0.05, the improvement being greater in the experimental group than in the conventional group.

Conclusion:
This study showed that when the McKenzie method is complemented with the conventional treatment, it shows better improvement in function of the cervical dysfunctions that cause CGH and reduce the intensity of headache.
Outcome of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair after 4 Years of Evaluation
Authors: Das Subhendu , Sarkar Partha Sarathi , Santra Sabyasachi , Keshkar Sanjay 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint in the general population, mostly in the elderly. Among them, the rotator cuff problems are found to be most common causes. The treatment of rotator cuff pathology has progressed from open repair, first described by Codman in 1911 to arthroscopy assisted “mini open” techniques, to all arthroscopic repair techniques, first reported by Johnson who used metal staples while E.M. Wolf pioneered the first completely arthroscopic repair using suture anchors in 1990. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome following all arthroscopic repairs of full-thickness rotator cuff tears with suture anchors.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was done for 24 shoulders in 24 patients treated for full-thickness rotator cuff tear by all-arthroscopic repair between February 2014 and September 2015 and followed until May 2018. The results were evaluated using the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder scoring system. Patients younger than 18 and over 80 and also those with bony lesion were excluded from the study as were those which might have confounded the outcome were excluded.

Results:
Among the 24 patients, the UCLA clinical scores were excellent in 12 patients, good in 9 patients, fair in 2 patients, and poor in 1 patient. The average UCLA score was 31.84.

Conclusion:
All-arthroscopic repair is an excellent treatment option for full-thickness rotator cuff tears, although with a steep learning curve.