bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Declining incidence of hepatitis C related hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of interferon‐free therapies: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Innes Hamish , McDonald Scott A. , Hamill Victoria , Yeung Alan , Dillon John F. , Hayes Peter C. , Went April , Fraser Andrew , Bathgate Andrew , Barclay Stephen T. , Janjua Naveed , Goldberg David J. , Hutchinson Sharon J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground & aimsThe impact of interferon (IFN)‐free therapies on the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood at a population level. Our goal was to bridge this evidence gap.MethodsThis study included all patients in Scotland with chronic HCV and a diagnosis of cirrhosis during 1999‐2019. Incident cases of HCC, episodes of curative HCC therapy, and HCC‐related deaths were identified through linkage to nationwide registries. Three time periods were examined: 1999‐2010 (pegylated interferon‐ribavirin [PIR]); 2011‐2013 (First‐generation DAA); and 2014‐2019 (IFN‐free era). We used regression modelling to determine time trends for (i) number diagnosed and living with HCV cirrhosis, (ii) HCC cumulative incidence, (iii) HCC curative treatment uptake and (iv) post‐HCC mortality.Results3347 cirrhosis patients were identified of which 381 (11.4%) developed HCC. After HCC diagnosis, 140 (36.7%) received curative HCC treatment and there were 202 deaths from HCC. The average annual number of patients diagnosed and living with HCV cirrhosis was approximately seven times higher in the IFN‐free versus the PIR era, whereas the number of incident HCCs was four times higher. However, the cumulative incidence of HCC was significantly lower in the IFN‐free versus PIR era (sdHR: 0.65; 95%CI:0.47‐0.88; P = .006). Among HCC patients, diagnosis in the IFN‐free era was not associated with improved uptake of curative treatment (aOR:1.18; 95%CI:0.69‐2.01; P = .54), or reduced post‐HCC mortality (sdHR: 0.74; 95%CI:0.53‐1.05; P = .09).ConclusionsThe cumulative incidence of HCC is declining in HCV cirrhosis patients, but uptake of curative HCC therapy and post‐HCC survival remains suboptimal.
Unique igneous textures and shock metamorphism of the Northwest Africa 7203 angrite: Implications for crystallization processes and the evolutionary history of the angrite parent body
Authors: Hayashi Hideyuki , Mikouchi Takashi , Kim Nak Kyu , Park Changkun , Sano Yuji , Takenouchi Atsushi , Yamaguchi Akira , Kagi Hiroyuki , Bizzarro Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNorthwest Africa (NWA) 7203 is a quenched angrite, showing mineralogical features typically not present in other quenched angrites. NWA 7203 exhibits textures whose grain size varies from fine grains (<10 μm) to coarse grains (~3 mm), while other quenched angrites show only single‐sized textures. Fine‐grained and coarse‐grained lithologies have nearly the same bulk compositions. Cooling rates were estimated to be ~80 °C h−1 for fine‐grained lithologies and ~1 °C h−1 for coarse‐grained lithologies. Mg‐rich olivines (~Fo64) were found only in fine‐grained lithologies. Crystallization of NWA 7203 started in the fine‐grained lithologies with Mg‐rich olivine grains acting as seeds for crystallization. Coarse‐grained lithologies were subsequently formed under conditions of slower cooling. NWA 7203 shows clear shock metamorphic textures unlike other quenched angrites except for NWA 1670. We confirm that the oxygen isotopic ratios of NWA 7203 plot on the angrite fractionation line within uncertainty. However, the obtained Pb‐Pb age of NWA 7203 is 4543 ± 19 Ma, younger than the ages of other quenched angrites, which might be a result of disturbance by shock metamorphism. The finding of shock metamorphism of NWA 7203 suggests that some angrites might be derived from asteroids that remained large (>10 km in diameter) during the late heavy bombardment.
Participatory Action Research in Education: Benefits and Tensions Across Contexts
Authors: Sosnowski Jim , Tokunaga Tomoko , Evans Sarah A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis special section examines the enactment of participatory action research (PAR) across three distinct educational contexts: a public library program for teens, an after‐school program in Japan, and a prison‐based adult language and literacy program. This introduction provides an overview of the principles associated with PAR and outlines potential tensions and challenges associated with partnering with the community as co‐researchers. Building on the interest in anthropology to challenge traditional research approaches, these studies emphasize how PAR can provide opportunities to positively impact the communities that are the focus of the research, including how PAR impacts those community members who become co‐researchers. Additionally, these three studies critically examine the challenges and tensions introduced through PAR, challenging romanticized notions of PAR with the reality of the demands that participating in research placed on community members.
Lessons from the 116 years (1902‐2018) of history of the Japanese Society of Neurology in establishing its identity: Secondary publication
Authors: Kuzuhara Shigeki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Japanese Society of Neurology and Psychiatry was founded in 1902 as a joint society of Neurology and Psychiatry, but was renamed the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology in 1935 because of the stagnation of activities of Neurology and the rise of those of Psychiatry. After World War II, activities of Neurology were restored and the Japanese Society of Neurology (JSN) independent from the Society of Internal Medicine and Society of Psychiatry was established in 1960 after overcoming many difficulties. In 1975, neurology was approved by law as one of the specialized fields of medicine. After that, neurology and JSN developed dramatically, in both research and medical practices. As of 2018, JSN had 9000 members and more than 5500 board‐certified neurology specialists. In 2018, JSN enacted a new policy to upgrade the neurology specialist from a subspecialty of Internal Medicine to an independent major medical field. Lessons of the 116 years of history of the Society would teach us a sensible way to achieve the goals.
Identification of maternal serum biomarkers for prenatal diagnosis of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts
Authors: Wang Xinhuan , Yang Xiaohong , Huang Pei , Meng Xiujiao , Bian Zhuan , Meng Liuyan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) are the most common congenital defects in the oral and maxillofacial regions. It is mainly diagnosed prenatally through fetal ultrasonography. However, the accuracy of ultrasonography for NSOFC is unreliable. Maternal serological screening is a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of fetal malformations. In our study, we sought to identify specific biomarkers in maternal serum for predicting NSOFC prenatally. We quantified the alterations in maternal serum protein profiles between 20 pregnant women with NSOFC fetuses and 20 pregnant women with healthy fetuses by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation‐based mass spectrometry (MS). The serum levels of 75 elevated and 50 decreased proteins in the NSOFC group were detected. Twenty‐eight candidate biomarkers were selected for further confirmation by multiple reaction monitoring‐MS; of these, 16 proteins were found to be significantly different. More importantly, the levels of three proteins (APOA, HPT, and CRP) were verified by ELISAs to be obviously altered in serum from pregnancies carrying fetuses with NSOFC. Our results indicate that analysis of the maternal serum proteome is a feasible strategy for biomarker discovery of NSOFC, and APOA, HPT, and CRP proteins are potential serum biomarkers for prenatal diagnosis of NSOFC.
Dentoskeletal changes due to rapid maxillary expansion in growing patients with tooth‐borne and tooth‐bone‐borne expanders: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pasqua Bruno de Paula Machado , André Cristiane Barros , Paiva João Batista , Tarraf Nour Eldin , Wilmes Benedict , Rino‐Neto José 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare, using cone‐beam computed tomography, the dentoskeletal changes in rapid maxillary expansion with tooth‐bone‐borne (Hybrid Hyrax) and tooth‐borne (Hyrax) appliances.Setting and sample populationForty‐two patients who met the eligibility criteria (aged 11‐14 years; transverse maxillary deficiency, posterior crossbite, and presence of upper first premolars and molars) were screened and allocated into two groups: HHG (treatment with Hybrid Hyrax) and HG (treatment with Hyrax).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes included nasomaxillary dimensional changes. CBCT was performed before and 3 months after the activation phase. Measurements were performed using Dolphin®. Baseline data were compared using one‐way ANOVA. For intergroup comparison, ANCOVA was used to analyze the initial age, appliance activations (mm), and mid‐palatal suture maturation data as covariates. Statistical significance was set at 5%.ResultsThe premolar region in HHG showed increased skeletal changes than in HG, with the difference being 1.5 mm (0.5; 2.6) in the nasal cavity (P = .004), 1.4 mm (0.3; 2.5) in the nasal floor (P = .019), and 1.1 mm (0.2; 2.1) in the maxilla (P = .022). The molar region in HHG showed increased skeletal changes with the difference being 0.9 mm (0.2; 1.5) in the nasal cavity (P = .005), and 0.9 mm (0; 1.8) in the maxilla (P = .042) than in HG. Premolar inclination was higher in HG.ConclusionHybrid Hyrax showed more skeletal changes and fewer dental side effects, especially in the first premolar region. The amount of activation influenced the higher nasal skeletal changes in the Hybrid hyrax group.
Histopathology of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: An exploratory cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lodolo Michele , Gobbo Margherita , Bussani Rossana , Torelli Lucio , Rupel Katia , Ottaviani Giulia , Poropat Augusto , Biasotto Matteo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo better characterize the histopathology of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions and to highlight the differences between them in order to support the clinician in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of such conditions.Subjects and MethodsFifty‐five patients, clinically diagnosed with oral lichen planus (n = 25) or oral lichenoid lesions (n = 30), were consecutively enrolled in the present study. Subsequently, one blind pathologist reviewed all the biopsy specimens of enrolled subjects following a specific protocol to provide a detailed histopathological description. Demographic, anamnestic, and clinical data were also recorded from all the participants. Patients’ data were analysed and compared using the chi‐squared test, to provide distinguishing features between the studied conditions.ResultsWe found a higher and statistically significant number of eosinophils in the oral lichenoid lesions compared with the oral lichen planus group (p < 0.01), an equally promising result was seen regarding plasma cells, which were more represented (p = 0.05) in the oral lichenoid lesions than in the oral lichen planus cases. No statistically significant differences were detected in demographic, anamnestic and clinical data.ConclusionA mixed lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate, consisting of eosinophils and plasma cells, could be used as reliable histological features for the diagnosis of oral lichenoid lesions, as long as compared with findings obtained from the patients’ history and clinical examination.
Associations of attachment avoidance and anxiety with life satisfaction, satisfaction with singlehood, and desire for a romantic partner
Authors: MacDonald Geoff , Park Yoobin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLiving single is becoming increasingly common worldwide and understanding within‐group predictors of well‐being among singles is becoming a stronger research priority. Although Pepping, MacDonald, and Davis suggested individual differences in attachment security may be useful for predicting singles' well‐being, there are no published data on the issue. In this research, single participants (N = 1930; 49% men; Mage = 31 years; 75% White) completed measures of attachment security as well as measures of life satisfaction, satisfaction with singlehood, and desire for a romantic partner. The data suggested that higher levels of attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety were both associated with lower levels of life satisfaction as well as satisfaction with singlehood. However, when controlling for life satisfaction, attachment avoidance was not associated with satisfaction with singlehood. We also found that higher levels of attachment avoidance were associated with less desire for a romantic partner whereas higher levels of attachment anxiety were associated with stronger desire for a partner. Our findings suggest that individual differences in attachment security may indeed be useful in predicting well‐being‐related outcomes for singles.
Model Identification Via Total Frobenius Norm of Multivariate Spectra
Authors: McElroy Tucker S. , Roy Anindya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the integral of the Frobenius norm as a measure of the discrepancy between two multivariate spectra. Such a measure can be used to fit time series models, and ensures proximity between model and process at all frequencies of the spectral density—this is more demanding than Kullback–Leibler discrepancy, which is instead related to one-step ahead forecasting performance. We develop new asymptotic results for linear and quadratic functionals of the periodogram, and make two applications of the integrated Frobenius norm: (i) fitting time series models, and (ii) testing whether model residuals are white noise. Model fitting results are further specialized to the case of structural time series models, wherein co-integration rank testing is formally developed. Both applications are studied through simulation studies, as well as illustrations on inflation and construction data. The numerical results show that the proposed estimator can fit moderate- to large-dimensional structural time series in real time, an option that is lacking in current literature.
Latent M. tuberculosis infection is associated with increased inflammatory cytokine and decreased suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)‐3 in the diabetic host
Authors: Masood Kiran Iqbal , Irfan Muhammad , Masood Qamar , Yameen Maliha , Jamil Bushra , Ram Nanik , Rao Shoaib , Rottenberg Martin , Hasan Zahra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) outcomes are worsened by type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is driven by cytokines. Latent TB (LTBi) is common but its effect on the diabetic host is not well understood. We investigated mycobacterial antigen‐stimulated responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolated from healthy endemic controls (EC), those with LTBi, DM groups with and without LTBi, as compared with TB patients. Cytokines were measured using a Luminex‐based assay. Gene expression was determined by RT‐PCR. In DM‐LTBi cases, PPD‐stimulated proinflammatory cytokines; IFN‐γ, IL‐6, IL‐2, TNF‐α and GM‐CSF and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐5 and IL‐13 were raised as compared with EC. DM‐LTBi PPD‐stimulated IFN‐γ, IL‐6 and TNF‐α mRNA titres were found raised in DM‐LTBi, whilst suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)‐3 expression was lowered. Within DM cases, stratification based on HbA1c levels revealed raised IFN‐γ but lowered IL‐6 gene expression in those with controlled levels as compared with uncontrolled glycaemic levels. Further, SOCS1 expression levels were found higher in DM cases with controlled glycaemia when compared with EC. Overall, we show that diabetics with LTBi manifest raised levels of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines concomitant with reduced SOCS3 mRNA expression. Reduced glycaemic control results in further inflammatory dysregulation impacting conversing impacting IFN‐γ and IL‐6 activation. These results suggest that dysregulated immune activation in diabetes is exacerbated by LTBi, lack of glycaemic control may further compromise immunity against MTB infection.
Issue Ownership and Agenda Setting in the 2019 Swiss National Elections
Authors: Gilardi Fabrizio , Gessler Theresa , Kubli Maël , Müller Stefan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe 2019 Swiss national elections were characterized by the unusual prominence of two issues, environment and gender, whereas two staples of Swiss politics, immigration and Europe, were less dominant compared to previous elections. We study how, in this context, the media and party agenda were linked to issue ownership. Specifically, we consider whether political parties that own an issue could lead the media agenda and the agenda of other parties. Our analysis relies on all tweets and press releases of major Swiss political parties from January to October 2019 and 37,225 newspaper articles published during the same period. Results show, first, that the agenda‐setting capacity of parties was restricted to the gender issue, and second, that the link between issue ownership and agenda setting is ambiguous. These findings suggest that during election campaigns, agenda setting may be largely exogenous to both parties and media.
A Hybrid Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries State-of-Charge Estimation Based on Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network and an Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter
Authors: Xu Shuai , Zhou Fei , Liu Yuchen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Among the battery state of charge (SOC) estimation methods, the Kalman-based filter algorithms are sensitive to the battery model while the neural network (NN)-based algorithms are decided by hyperparameters. In this paper, a hybrid approach composed of a gated recurrent unit (GRU) NN and an adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) method is proposed. A GRU NN is first used to acquire the nonlinear relationship between the battery SOC and battery measurement signals, and then an AUKF is utilized to filter out the output noise of the NN to further improve estimation accuracy. The hybrid method avoids the establishment of accurate battery models and the search for optimal hyperparameters. The data of dynamical street test and US06 test are used as training dataset and validation dataset, respectively, while the data collected from the tests under federal urban driving schedules and Beijing driving cycle conditions are taken as testing dataset. As compared with some hybrid methods proposed in other literature, the hybrid method has the best estimation accuracy and generalization for various driving cycles at different ambient temperatures. The root mean square error and the mean absolute error all are less than 1.5%, and the maximum absolute error is less than 2%. In addition, it also exhibits powerful robustness against the abnormal values of the battery signals and can converge to the true value in just 5 s.
Development and Multisite Assessment of a Novel Shoulder Motion Joint Simulator
Authors: Nayak Aniruddh N. , Gabriel Stefan M. , Spenciner David B. , Mason Courtney E. , Jacofsky Marc C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Multiple biomechanical shoulder simulators have been described in the literature, with a trend toward increasing complexity to better simulate clinical scenarios. Our objective was to develop an advanced, novel shoulder joint simulator and compare outcomes at two separate institutions, for a typical shoulder joint motion simulation. Identical shoulder simulators were developed & deployed at both institutions. Eight cadaveric upper extremities were tested by simulating actively controlled, arm elevation in the plane of the scapula for two sequential test conditions (intact and nondestructive simulated cuff-tear), each repeated for a total of five trials. Muscle forces and joint translations were recorded for both conditions. The intact condition was repeated following simulated cuff-tear to assess effect of testing order. Statistical analyses were aimed at assessing repeatability and reproducibility of results within specimens, between specimens, and between institutions. The highest average forces were observed for the middle deltoid (233N or 32.5% body weight (BW)), followed by infraspinatus (99.0N), and posterior deltoid (93.7N) muscles. Differentiation between test conditions was unhindered by variability between repeated trials. Data from testing repeated over time, and between the two institutions were not significantly different. The novel shoulder simulator produced repeatable results with low trial-to-trial variation and outcomes were comparable between the two institutions. The results demonstrated a consistent response in muscle forces and humeral translation for the simulated rotator cuff tear condition. Such advanced shoulder simulators could thus be used for evaluating and optimizing surgical interventions and implant strategies.
Characterization of Nonlinear Rattling Behavior of a Gear Pair Through a Validated Torsional Model
Authors: Donmez Ata , Kahraman Ahmet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dynamic response of a gear pair subjected to input and output torque or velocity fluctuations is examined analytically. Such motions are commonly observed in various powertrain systems and identified as gear rattle or hammering motions with severe noise and durability consequences. A reduced-order torsional model is proposed along with a computationally efficient piecewise-linear solution methodology to characterize the system response including its sensitivity to excitation parameters. Validity of the proposed model is established through comparisons of its predictions to measurements from a gear rattle experimental setup. A wide array of nonlinear behavior is demonstrated through presentation of periodic and chaotic responses in the forms of phase plots, Poincaré maps, and bifurcation diagrams. The severity of the resultant impacts on the noise outcome is also assessed through a rattle severity index defined by using the impact velocities.
A Review of Virtual Assistants’ Characteristics: Recommendations for Designing an Optimal Human–Machine Cooperation
Authors: Gilles Marlène , Bevacqua Elisabetta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Designed to improve human–machine interactions, virtual agents and particularly virtual assistants (VAs) are spreading in our daily lives. Presenting a very wide variety of characteristics, studies generally report their own agent with its own characteristics and objective. So we can wonder if some of these characteristics are a consensus for VAs in general. In this study, we aim to identify agents’ characteristics that should be considered when designing a virtual assistant promoting the best communication and cooperation between man and machine. We review the aspects of representation of the agent (embodied or not) and its ability to interact with the human being not only by speech or gestures but also by displaying personality traits. This overview focuses on virtual assistance of any kind embarked on vehicles.