bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of patient engagement in patient-centric health information exchange (HIE) initiatives: an empirical study in the United States
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Pouyan , Dharanikota Spurthy , Mirzaei Tala 
Published: February 2021

PurposePatient-centric exchanges, a major type of Health Information Exchange (HIE), empower patients to aggregate and manage their health information. This exchange model helps patients access, modify and share their medical information with multiple healthcare organizations. Although existing studies examine patient engagement, more research is required to investigate patients' attitudes and willingness to play an active role in patient-centered information exchange. The study's main objective is to develop a model based on the belief-attitude-intention paradigm to empirically examine the effects of patients' attitudes toward engagement in care on their willingness to participate in patient-centric HIE.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an online survey study to identify the antecedents and consequences of patients' attitudes toward engagement in care. To empirically test the research model, the authors collected data from a national sample (n = 357) of individuals in the United States. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe proposed model categorizes the antecedents to patients' attitudes toward engagement in patient-related and healthcare system factors. The results show that patient-related factors (perceived health literacy and perceived coping ability) and health system factors (perceived experience with the healthcare organization and perceived patient-provider interaction) significantly shape patient attitude toward care management engagement. The results indicate that patients' attitudes toward engaging in their healthcare significantly contribute to their willingness to participate in medical information sharing through patient-centric HIE initiatives. Moreover, the authors’ findings also demonstrate that the link between patient engagement and willingness to participate in HIE is stronger for individuals who perceive lower levels of privacy and security concerns.Originality/valueThe authors validate the proposed model explaining patients' perceptions about their characteristics and the healthcare system significantly influence their attitude toward engaging in their care. This study also suggests that patients' favorable attitude toward engagement can bring patient-centric HIE efforts onto a path to success. The authors’ research attempts to shed light on the importance of patients' roles in adopting patient-centric HIE initiatives. Theoretical and practical contributions of this study are noticeable since they could result in a deeper understanding of the concept of patient engagement and how it may affect healthcare services in an evolving digital world. The authors’ findings can help healthcare organizations provide public citizen-centric services by introducing user-oriented approaches in healthcare delivery systems.
Enhancing intercultural task performance: examining the roles of social complexity belief and cultural intelligence
Authors: Presbitero Alfred 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis study contributes to the literature by explicating why individuals become effective in performing tasks in intercultural context. Drawing from the social axioms theory and intelligence theory, this study specifically investigates and generates new insights about the role of social complexity belief and cultural intelligence (CQ) in enhancing intercultural task performance.Design/methodology/approachTwo sets of studies were conducted. Study 1 was conducted in Australia (n = 222) wherein survey data were collected from employees (i.e. self-reports). In a subsequent study which was conducted in the Philippines (Study 2; n = 211), archival data were obtained from the annual performance reviews of the employees (provided by immediate supervisors) in addition to the employees' self-reports.FindingsResults are validated in both studies that social complexity belief relates positively and significantly to intercultural task performance. Moreover, results show that social complexity belief influences overall CQ (and its cognitive and metacognitive dimensions) and in the process impacts intercultural task performance.Originality/valueThis study offers new insights related to intercultural task performance effectiveness. In particular, this study highlights the role of social complexity belief system. Furthermore, this study extends the nomological network of CQ by explicating how an individual's belief can relate to his/her level of CQ which then influences intercultural task performance. Aside from generating knowledge, this study also offers practical insights for human resources practitioners and for employees who are finding new ways to improve and enhance intercultural task performance.
Do learning organizations learn? Higher education institutions and pandemic response strategies
Authors: Miller Michael T. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This study was designed to address the problem of how higher education institutions, as organizations designed to promote learning, responded to the COVID pandemic and the suspension of in-person instruction. The purpose of this paper was specifically to explore how institutions go about learning from the pandemic to better prepare themselves for the future that they will face.

Design/methodology/approach
A researcher-developed survey instrument was distributed electronically to 300 faculty leaders at randomly selected universities in the USA. With three follow-up e-mail requests, the survey had a 31% usable response rate.

Findings
Survey results indicated that institutional leadership did not make strong use of shared governance in responding to the COVID pandemic in creating operational response strategies. Further, institutions did not alter their policies or make structural changes to be more adept in facing the challenges of a global pandemic and its impact on the financial well-being of the institutions. Although institutions did make changes to their attitudes about students, these were not developmental changes but rather behavioral modification expectations.

Originality/value
This study drew upon data collected after the first three months of the global COVID pandemic, providing an important first-look at organizational behavior in response to a largely unplanned global event.
Reciprocal facilitation between annual plants and burrowing crabs: Implications for the restoration of degraded saltmarshes
Authors: Qiu Dongdong , Cui Baoshan , Ma Xu , Yan Jiaguo , Cai Yanzi , Xie Tian , Gao Fang , Wang Fangfang , Sui Haochen , Bai Junhong , van de Koppel Johan , Olff Han 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Increasing evidence shows that facilitative interactions between species play an essential role in coastal wetland ecosystems. However, there is a lack of understanding of how such interactions can be used for restoration purposes in saltmarsh ecosystems. We therefore studied the mechanisms of reciprocal facilitative interactions between native annual plants, Suaeda salsa, and burrowing crabs, Helice tientsinensis, in a middle‐elevation saltmarsh (with generally high plant density and moderate tides) in the Yellow River Delta of China.

We investigated the relationship between the densities of the plants and crab burrows in different seasons. Then, we tested whether and how saltmarsh plants and crabs indeed facilitate each other in a series of field and laboratory experiments. Finally, we applied the results by creating a field‐scale artificial approach for microtopographic modification to restore a degraded saltmarsh.

We found that the density of plant seedlings in spring was positively correlated with the density of crab burrows in the previous autumn; moreover, the density of crab burrows was correlated with the density of plants in summer. The concave–convex surface microtopography created by crabs promoted seed retention and seedling establishment of saltmarsh plants in winter and spring. These plants in turn facilitated crabs by inhibiting predators, providing food and reducing physical stresses for crabs in summer and autumn. The experimental removal of saltmarsh plants decreased crab burrow density, while both transplanting and simulating plants in bare patches promoted crabs. The microtopographic modification, inspired by our new understanding of the interactions between saltmarsh plants and crabs, showed that these degraded saltmarsh ecosystems can be restored by a single ploughing intervention.

Synthesis. Our results suggest a reciprocal facilitation between annual plants and burrowing crabs in a middle‐elevation saltmarsh ecosystem. This knowledge yielded new restoration options for degraded coastal saltmarshes through the one‐time ploughing initiation of microtopographic variation, which could promote the re‐establishment of ecosystem engineers and lead to the efficient recovery of pioneer coastal vegetation and associated fauna.
Factors affecting fruit and seed production of Paeonia ostii “Feng Dan”, an economically important oil tree
Authors: Cao Guo‐Xing , Lin Hong‐Qiang , Cheng Yue‐Hong , Wang Xie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany factors may affect reproduction of animal‐pollinated species. In this study, the effects of pollen limitation, attractive traits (flower number, plant height and flower width) and flowering phenological traits (flowering onset, duration and synchrony) on female reproduction, as well as the patterns of variation in fruit and seed production within plants, were investigated in Paeonia ostii “Feng Dan” over two flowering seasons (2018 and 2019). Fruit set was very high (90%), and pollen supplementation did not increase fruit and seed production in either year, indicating no pollen limitation. Fruit set, ovule number per fruit and mean individual seed weight per fruit were not affected by any of the six attractive and phenological traits in either year, whereas seed number per fruit was related to the three attractive traits in one or both years. Seed number per plant was positively affected by the three attractive traits and best explained by flower number in both years, but the effect of each of the three phenological traits on seed number per plant differed between years. Within plants, the fruit set, ovule number, seed set and seed number per fruit declined from early‐ to late‐opening flowers, presumably because of resource preemption, but the mean individual seed weight did not vary across the flowering sequence. Our study shows that attractive traits of Paeonia ostii “Feng Dan” are more important than flowering phenological traits in the prediction of total seed production per plant.
Development of Multi‐Family Therapy for first episode psychosis in Singapore
Authors: Loh Christopher , Liang Wilfred , Lee Helen , Tang Charmaine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis two‐part paper examines a newly developed Multi‐Family Therapy (MFT) for clients and their families in the Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP) in Singapore. The first part of the paper describes the activities, its theoretical underpinnings and the therapist’s observations of the families’ responses. The second part of the paper evaluates the content, structure and effects of the MFT through feedback from the 17 families. Separate feedback was obtained from the EPIP team. The qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The majority of the participants found ‘Image of Psychosis’ and ‘Family Life River’ activities most useful and reported that mutual learning and support were the key therapeutic factors. The EPIP professionals suggested ways to improve potential participants’ understanding of MFT to help with recruitment. The preliminary results from the pilot programme support the use of MFT in the context of Singapore.
Practitioner points

An activity‐based and experiential MFT programme engages families to work in a creative and playful way.

Active involvement of the multidisciplinary team in the MFT programme helps to secure their engagement and support for interventions.

Adopting an expert stance and focusing on practical concerns, rather than taking a reflective approach, is crucial in working with Singaporean families when adapting a Western‐based multi‐family psychoeducation group.
Impact of the Medicare Shared Savings Program on utilization of mental health and substance use services by eligibility and race/ethnicity
Authors: Acevedo Andrea , Mullin Brian O. , Progovac Ana M. , Caputi Theodore L. , McWilliams J. Michael , Cook Benjamin L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) ACOs on mental health and substance use services utilization and racial/ethnic disparities in care for these conditions.Data sourcesFive percent random sample of Medicare claims from 2009 to 2016.Study designWe compared Medicare beneficiaries in MSSP ACOs to non‐MSSP beneficiaries, stratifying analyses by Medicare eligibility (disability vs age 65+). We estimated difference‐in‐difference models of MSSP ACOs on mental health and substance use visits (outpatient and inpatient), medication fills, and adequate care for depression adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, region, and chronic medical and behavioral health conditions. To examine the differential impact of MSSP on our outcomes by race/ethnicity, we used a difference‐in‐difference‐in‐differences (DDD) design.Data collection/extraction methodsNot applicable.Principal findingsMSSP ACOs were associated with small reductions in outpatient mental health (Coeff: −0.012, P < .001) and substance use (Coeff: −0.001, P < .01) visits in the disability population, and in adequate care for depression for both the disability‐ and age‐eligible populations (Coeff: −0.028, P < .001; Coeff: −0.012, P < .001, respectively). MSSP ACO's were also associated with increases in psychotropic medications (Coeff: 0.007 and Coeff: 0.0213, for disability‐ and age‐eligible populations, respectively, both P < .001) and reductions in inpatient mental health stays (Coeff:‐0.004, P < .001, and Coeff:‐0.0002, P < .01 for disability‐ and age‐eligible populations, respectively) and substance use‐related stays for disability‐eligible populations (Coeff:‐0.0005, P<.05). The MSSP effect on disparities varied depending on type of service.ConclusionsWe found small reductions in outpatient and inpatient stays and in rates of adequate care for depression associated with MSSP ACOs. As MSSP ACOs are placed at more financial risk for population‐based treatment, it will be important to include more robust behavioral health quality measures in their contracts and to monitor disparities in care.
Current airway management practices after a failed intubation attempt in Australian and New Zealand emergency departments
Authors: Arnold Isaac , Alkhouri Hatem , Badge Helen , Fogg Toby , McCarthy Sally , Vassiliadis John 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of the present study were to describe current airway management practices after a failed intubation attempt in Australian and New Zealand EDs and to explore factors associated with second attempt success.MethodsData were collected from a multicentre airway registry (The Australian and New Zealand Emergency Department Airway Registry). All intubation episodes that required a second attempt between March 2010 and November 2015 were analysed. Analysis for association with success at the second attempt was undertaken for patient factors including predicted difficulty of laryngoscopy, as well as for changes in laryngoscope type, adjunct devices, intubator and intubating manoeuvres.ResultsOf the 762 patients with a failed first intubation attempt, 603 (79.1%) were intubated successfully at the second attempt. The majority of second attempts were undertaken by emergency consultants (36.8%) and emergency registrars (34.2%). A change in intubator occurred in 56.5% of intubation episodes and was associated with higher second attempt success (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29–2.65). In 69.7% of second attempts at intubation, there was no change in laryngoscope type. Changes in laryngoscope type, adjunct devices and intubation manoeuvres were not significantly associated with success at the second attempt. In adjusted analyses, second attempt success was higher for a change from a non‐consultant intubator to a consultant intubator from any specialty (adjusted OR 2.31; 95% CI 1.35–3.95) and where laryngoscopy was not predicted to be difficult (adjusted OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.58–4.21).ConclusionsThe majority of second intubation attempts were undertaken by emergency consultants and registrars. A change from a non‐consultant intubator to a consultant intubator of any specialty for the second attempt and intubation episodes where laryngoscopy was predicted to be non‐difficult were associated with a higher success rate at intubation. Participation in routine collection and monitoring of airway management practices via a Registry may enable the introduction of appropriate improvements in airway procedures and reduce complication rates.
Clinical utility of the Glasgow Blatchford Score in patients presenting to the emergency department with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ryan Kimberley , Malacova Eva , Appleyard Mark , Brown Anthony FT , Song Lisa , Grimpen Florian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveUpper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common presentation to EDs. Limited Australian data are available. Study aims were to assess mortality and re‐bleeding rates in patients presenting with UGIB as risk‐stratified by the Glasgow Blatchford Score (GBS).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective medical chart review of all patients presenting with UGIB to a Brisbane tertiary hospital ED over a 12‐month period. This descriptive study summarised the medical characteristics related to UGIB as risk‐stratified by the GBS. Non‐variceal bleeding was categorised as low‐risk (GBS 0–2) or high‐risk (GBS 3+). Variceal bleeding was not risk stratified.ResultsA total of 211 patients presented with UGIB to the ED. The median age was 57 years, 67% were male. Mortality rates at 30 days were: 0% for GBS 0–2, 3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0–6) for GBS 3+ and 10% (95% CI 0–21) for variceal groups. The overall 30‐day re‐bleeding rate was 4.3% (95% CI 2–7). High‐risk patients accessed endoscopy according to international best practice of less than 24 h (GBS 3+, 23.7 h; variceal bleeding, 7.3 h).ConclusionsMortality and re‐bleeding outcomes are similar to other international UGIB cohorts. Patients with a low‐risk bleed were appropriately identified and discharged home. Those at higher risk were correctly identified and accessed timely endoscopy. The GBS demonstrated clinical utility in an Australian ED cohort of UGIB bleeding patients.
Testing public policy at the frontier: The effect of the $15 minimum wage on public safety in Seattle
Authors: Mitre‐Becerril David , Chalfin Aaron 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryIn 2017, Seattle, Washington, became the first city in the United States to increase its minimum wage to $15 per hour, more than double the federal minimum wage. Not only was a $15 minimum wage unprecedented, but the increase was also extremely rapid, with the minimum wage rising by nearly 60% in just 2 years. Using a synthetic differences‐in‐differences estimator, we consider the impact of Seattle's landmark minimum wage legislation on public safety. Although there is speculative evidence for an increase in commercial burglaries, we find little evidence that Seattle experienced a change in its aggregate rate of violent or property offending relative to other U.S. cities. To better understand the mechanisms underlying our findings, we investigate the impacts of the local wage law on employment and earnings for Seattle's low‐skilled labor market. We detect no meaningful adverse effects on the employment rates of low‐wage workers.Policy ImplicationsOur results suggest that Seattle increased its minimum wage without compromising public safety. Seattle's experience shows that increasing wages can be a tool for increasing the opportunity cost of crime without reducing employment levels. To the extent that other cities enact higher minimum wages to a level that generates unemployment among low‐skilled workers, public safety changes could be considerably different.
Enoch Powell, Parliament and Europe
Authors: Corthorn Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there has been substantial academic reappraisal of Enoch Powell alongside a growing public realisation, increased by the debate over Brexit, that his interests were wider than immigration and notably included opposition to British membership of the European Community – a topic that this article probes further. It begins by examining Powell's understanding of the British nation as a unitary state, centred on parliament, that underpinned his interpretation of both Conservatism and Unionism. Then, covering the period up to the 1975 referendum, the article analyses exactly how Powell argued that membership of the European Community threatened parliamentary sovereignty. It situates Powell's thinking in the context of arguments made by others and explores the connections made by Powell between the threat from Europe and the history of parliament itself, particularly the formation of the unions with Scotland and Ireland. The article shows that while Powell's arguments were marginalised in the later 1970s and for much of the 1980s, they were revived from the early 1990s – albeit in a changed constitutional context.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound after successful cryoablation of benign and malignant renal tumours: how long does tumour enhancement persist?
Authors: Bertolotto Michele , Campo Irene , Sachs Camilla , Ciabattoni Riccardo , Cicero Calogero , Drudi Francesco Maria , Derchi Lorenzo E , Cova Maria Assunta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate how long successfully ablated tumours take to become completely avascular at CEUS after cryoablation.MethodsNinety‐five patients had percutaneous cryoablation of 103 renal tumours investigated at CEUS on post‐operative day one. If the lesion was avascular, a contrast‐CT/MR was scheduled six months after the procedure, while CEUS was repeated if the lesion still displayed enhancement, until the disappearance of intralesional vascularity.Technical success was defined when the tumour was covered completely by the ablation zone. Technique efficacy was assessed at six months of follow‐up.ResultsTechnical efficacy was obtained for 101/103 cryoablations, 56% of which (57/101) were avascular on post‐operative day one. After one week, two weeks, one month 83%, 91% and 100% of these 101 lesions, respectively, were avascular. Two tumours were unsuccessfully treated. They displayed persistent intralesional vascularity at CEUS one month after the procedure.ConclusionsAfter cryoablation, obtaining CEUS before one month may be misleading. When technical efficacy is obtained, disappearance of intralesional enhancement is observed within two weeks in the majority of cases (91%), but can persist until one month. Identification of tumour enhancement after one month may be concerning for residual viable tumour.