bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of Hydroxyapatite and Calcium Triphosphate in the Epoxy Resin-Based Sealer
Authors: Al-Quraini Ahmed Adel , Al-Aodah Abdulrahman Fahad , Al-Qadhi Adam Ahmed M. , Ahmad Abdul Majeed Munir 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aims to assess and compare the influence of hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) nanoparticles on a commercially available epoxy resinbased sealer, focusing on porosity and push-out bond strength.
Materials and Methods This work was classified into a control group and two experimental groups. In each experimental group, the sealer was mixed with 2.5 wt.% of HA and TCP nanoparticles. Thirty extracted single-rooted teeth were utilized. After sectioning the crowns, the remaining roots of 15 teeth were used, up to 40 to 0.06, using a K3 rotary system. Smear layers were removed with 3 mL of 17% EDTA applied for 60 seconds. Then, the canals were irrigated with 3 mL of 2.25% NaOCl and 5 mL of distilled water. The strength of push-out bonds was tested via an Instron universal testing machine on a 2 mm section acquired from obturated canals. Data were assessed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests at a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results A nonsignificant difference (p > 0.05) was evident when the three groups were crosschecked in terms of void volume and bond strength. Micro-CT evaluations revealed the lowest volume of voids to be 0.1152 mm3 (2.69%) for the HA group compared with the control group 0.1818 mm3 (3.9%) and the TCP group 0.2194 mm3 (4.33%). Mean bond strength values were 4.18 ± 1.77 MPa for group 1 (control), 4.19 ± 1.54 MPa for group 2 (HA 2.5%) and 3.76 ± 1.95 MPa for group 3 (TCP 2.5%). Groups 1 and 3 showed both cohesive and a mixed type of failure, while group 2 showed adhesive and a mixed type of bond failure.
Conclusion Within the limitations of the study, incorporation of 2.5 wt% HA and TCP nanoparticles into AH Plus did not significantly affect the percentage volume of voids and the bond strength negatively.
Parafuso intramedular de redução fechada em fraturas das falanges proximais dos dedos da mão: Uma série de três casos
Authors: Triwidodo Arsanto , Priambodo Hendar Nugrahadi , Gani Yogi Ismail 
Published: December 2021

ResumoAs lesões esqueléticas mais frequentes são as fraturas que ocorrem nas mãos, que representam aproximadamente 20% de todas as fraturas. As mais comuns são as fraturas falangeanas, que abrangem 6% de todas as fraturas. As fraturas da falange proximal aparecem com mais frequência. O principal objetivo do atendimento é corrigir a anatomia, reduzir os danos aos tecidos moles, e mobilizar os dedos atingidos assim que a estabilização da fratura permitir. Este relato tem como objetivo examinar os efeitos clínicos e da radiação nas fraturas da falange proximal, em pacientes infectados com a fixação de parafuso intramedular que foram submetidos a redução fechada. Este é o relato de três casos consecutivos de fratura da falange: duas fraturas da base e uma fratura simples da diáfise. Todos foram submetidos a redução fechada com parafuso intramedular de compressão sem cabeça. A magnitude pré-operatória da angulação da falange proximal foi em média 30,3° (variação de 13° a 42°). Dois pacientes apresentaram deformidade rotacional. Os achados clínicos foram medidos com a versão abreviada do questionário de Disfunções do Braço, Ombro e Mão (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, QuickDash, em inglês), em que foram avaliados a amplitude de movimento e os resultados funcionais. Complicações foram observadas em um período mínimo de 3 meses. Os pacientes apresentavam flexo-extensão ativa total na articulação interfalangiana proximal e na articulação metacarpofalangiana de flexo-extensão sem deformidade rotacional. A pontuação no Quick-DASH foi satisfatória (média: 2,3; variação: 0 a 4,5). Não houve cirurgias secundárias, e não se observaram complicações. A fixação intramedular das fraturas da falange proximal com o parafuso de tensão canulado tem se mostrado uma cirurgia segura, com excelente desempenho funcional e recuperação precoce. A fratura é minimizada e consolidada adequadamente pelos pacientes.
Revision Stapedotomies: The Role of Periprosthetic Scar Tissue Formation in the Development of Unsatisfactory Hearing Results after Stapedotomy
Authors: Polony Gábor , Gáborján Anita , Tamás László , Székely László 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Revision stapes surgeries are difficult to perform, and their audiological results are inferior to primary surgeries.
Objective Our goal was to identify the most common and most influential postoperative reasons that cause persistent air-bone gap (ABG) after the primary surgery. Our focus was concentrated on the mechanical dysfunctions in the middle ear, with special regard to postoperative adhesion formation.
Methods We performed a retrospective case series study with 23 cases that underwent revision stapedotomies.
Results A significant improvement was seen in ABG and air conduction levels after surgery. The periprosthetic adhesion formation was seen in 65% of the cases, and it was the primary cause behind the unsatisfactory hearing result in 30% of cases. There was no significant difference in the level of persistent ABGs after the primary surgery, in case of the intratympanic adhesion presence, compared with the presence of other surgical failures. Concerning hearing and ABG gain after revision surgery, the non-inferiority of the negative effect associated with adhesion was shown compared with the other reasons.
Conclusion The revision stapedotomy is an efficient treatment option in case of persistent ABG. Periprosthetic adhesions are the most common intratympanic reasons for compromised audiological outcomes after stapedotomy.Adhesion formations have the same negative effect on ABG development as any other surgical failure, and the revision could be more challenging in these cases. These findings highlight the use of the most atraumatic surgical technique and preservation of intact intratympanic mucosa during middle ear surgery.
Bilateral STT Arthrodesis in a Young Patient with Occult Proximal Row Coalition
Authors: Wharton Rupert M.H. , Ahearne David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Carpal coalitions have an incidence of 0.1 to 1% in Caucasians and up to 8 to 9% in African populations. They rarely cause clinical problems requiring investigation or treatment, but are commonly identified on imaging obtained for other indications.
Case Description We report a case of a 35-year-old male with progressive degenerative change of incomplete coalitions of the scaphotrapeziotrapezoid joint (STT) in the presence of bilateral complete osseous lunate–triquetral coalitions (Minnaar type 4). He was successfully treated with staged bilateral arthrodesis with excellent symptom resolution and preservation of function.
Literature Review In patients with isolated STT coalition six reports of surgery exist, two of which were for arthrodesis. This is the first described case of STT arthrodesis in a patient with coexistent lunate–triquetral coalition.
Clinical Relevance The STT arthrodesis remains a safe and effective treatment for STT pain even in cases of occult carpal coalition. Functional range of movement was well preserved.
Level of evidence This is a Level V study.
Administration and Toxicity Profile of the Capizzi Interim Maintenance—Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre
Authors: Viswanathan Aarthi , Kumar Arun , Kaushik Prakruthi S. , Thumallapalli Avinash , Ramachandra C. , Aruna Kumari B. S. , Appaji Lingappa , Kumar Nuthan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction The Capizzi-style methotrexate (MTX) is an integral part of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment. The escalating dose of MTX originally used in the United Kingdom and Children’s Oncology Group protocols along with L-asparaginase has been modified in the Indian Childhood Collaborative Leukemia (ICiCLe) group protocol where L-asparaginase has been omitted. The data regarding the incidence of toxicities and ease of administration on the Capizzi-style interim maintenance is not robust.
Objectives We have compiled our experience with administration and toxicity profile in children with intermediate-risk ALL.
Materials and Methods A retrospective data collection of all children diagnosed with intermediate-risk ALL as per the ICiCLe risk stratification in the year 2019 was included in the analysis. Each cycle of MTX was started after ensuring an absolute neutrophil count of >750/mm3 and transaminases <2 upper limit of normal. As a unit protocol, pre- and post-MTX hydration was administered in all our children. No urine pH or midcycle biochemical parameter monitoring was done. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 24 IBM Corp. in Armonk, New York, United States.
Results Forty-six children were included in the study. The median age of children in our study was 6 years (range: 1 year 2 months–12 years). Undernutrition was associated with a significant increase in toxicity (p = 0.02). Fifty-two percent of children had evidence of toxicity, elevated transaminases being the most common. There were recurring symptoms resulting in 53 episodes of toxicities overall. Incidence of toxicity was more in the early cycles (<3).
Conclusion The pre- and post-MTX hydration is an effective way to reduce toxicities with the Capizzi-style MTX and this course can be administered with ease on outpatient basis with minimal need for monitoring or admission.
Regional Gestational Age and Gender-Specific Birth Weight Reference Charts and its Comparison with Existing National and International Standards: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Prakash Ajay , Venkatesh Soma , Sadagopan Srinivasan , Palanisamy Soundararajan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Growth potential is influenced by race, ethnicity, and environmental factors and assessment of growth using standardized charts is important for quality improvement initiatives in health care delivery and public health interventions of any nation.
Objective This article aims to develop regional gestational age and gender-specific reference for birth weight and to compare it with published literature.
Methodology This study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Puducherry, India and included 2,507 singleton babies. Babies with major congenital anomalies, maternal chronic illness, and nonavailability of first trimester dating scan were excluded. Detailed anthropometric measurement was done for these babies by single investigator as per established norms, their gestation- and sex-specific mean weight and weight percentiles were calculated and compared with existing data.
Results Both 10th and 90th percentiles were lower across all gestational ages compared with existing international standards. The proportion of late preterm and term small for gestational age (SGA) babies was 23% using Fenton-2013 reference chart, 14% using Intergrowth-21 chart, and 10% using the current study data (p < 0.0001). The proportion of large for gestational age (LGA) babies was 8.5%, using study data. Mean birth weight of male and female term babies born to primiparae were significantly higher compared with multiparae (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively).
Conclusion Indian babies may be overdiagnosed as SGA or underdiagnosed as LGA based on existing western standards in which our patient population is underrepresented. There is a need for gestational age-, gender-, and parity-specific regional growth charts for better characterization of anthropometric measures of Indian babies.
Oxidative regulation of chloroplast enzymes by thioredoxin and thioredoxin-like proteins in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yokochi Yuichi , Fukushi Yuka , Wakabayashi Ken-ichi , Yoshida Keisuke , Hisabori Toru 
Published: December 2021

Significance

Plants modulate photosynthesis activity in response to the surrounding environment. It is well known that the redox-responsive protein thioredoxin (Trx) activates photosynthesis-related enzymes in the light. However, the factors involved in deactivating them are not well understood. Recent in vitro experiments suggest that several Trx and Trx-like proteins serve as oxidation factors for Trx-targeted proteins; thus, we examined their functions in vivo. Consequently, we found that
f
-type Trx and two types of Trx-like proteins, Trx-like 2 and atypical Cys His-rich Trx, were involved in oxidative deactivation of photosynthesis-related enzymes (e.g., fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, Rubisco activase, and the ATP synthase γ-subunit). Thus, this study reveals the functions of oxidation factors in vivo and elucidates the regulation system for photosynthesis in the dark.
Serum iron availability, but not iron stores, is lower in naturally menstruating than in oral contraceptive athletes
Authors: Alfaro‐Magallanes Víctor M. , Romero‐Parra Nuria , Barba‐Moreno Laura , Rael Beatriz , Benito Pedro J. , Díaz Ángel E. , Cupeiro Rocío , Peinado Ana B. ,   IronFEMME Study Group
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis study measured serum markers of iron status in naturally menstruating and oral contraceptive (OC) athletes during the main hormonal milieus of these two profiles to identify potential differences confounding the diagnosis of iron deficiency in female athletes. Resting blood samples were collected from 36 naturally menstruating athletes during the early‐follicular phase (EFP), mid‐ late‐follicular phase (MLFP) and mid‐luteal phase (MLP) of the menstrual cycle. Simultaneously, blood samples were collected from 24 OC athletes during the withdrawal and active‐pill phase of the OC cycle. Serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 and sex hormones were analyzed. Naturally menstruating athletes showed lower levels of TSAT, iron and transferrin than OC athletes when comparing the bleeding phase of both profiles (p<0.05) as well as when comparing all analyzed phases of the menstrual cycle to the active pill phase of the OC cycle (p<0.05). Interestingly, only lower transferrin was found during MLFP and MLP compared to the withdrawal phase of the OC cycle (p>0.05), with all other iron markers showing no differences (p>0.05). Intracycle variations were also found within both types of cycle, presenting reduced TSAT and iron during menstrual bleeding phases (p<0.05). In conclusion, in OC athletes, serum iron availability, but not serum ferritin, seems higher than in naturally menstruating ones. However, such differences are lost when comparing the MLFP and MLP of the menstrual cycle with the withdrawal phase of the OC cycle. This should be considered in the assessment of iron status in female athletes.Highlights
Naturally menstruating athletes present lower TSAT, iron and transferrin in all analyzed phases of the menstrual cycle compared to OC athletes during their active pill phase. However, both the mid‐late follicular and mid‐luteal phases of the menstrual cycle do not differ from the withdrawal phase of the oral contraceptive cycle.
Intracycle variations are found for TSAT and iron in both naturally menstruating and oral contraceptive athletes, which are mainly driven by a reduction in TSAT and iron during menstrual bleeding phases.
As serum iron availability changes significantly as a function of the athlete's hormonal status, it should be considered in the assessment of the athlete's iron status as well as standardise the phase of the menstrual cycle in which to assess iron markers to avoid misdiagnosis or misleading results.
In contrast, the assessment of iron stores through serum ferritin is substantially stable and the athlete's hormonal status does not seem to be of relevance for this purpose.
Magnetic modulation of Fano resonances in optically thin terahertz superlattice metasurfaces
Authors: Karmakar Subhajit , Varshney Ravi , Roy Chowdhury Dibakar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Optically thin metasurfaces operating at sub-skin depth thicknesses are intriguing because of their associated low plasmonic losses (compared to optically thick, beyond skin-depth metasurfaces). However, their applicability is restricted largely because of reduced free space coupling with incident radiations resulting in limited electromagnetic responses. To overcome such limitations, we propose enhancement of effective responses (resonances) in sub-skin depth metasurfaces through incorporation of a magneto-transport (giant magneto resistance) concept. Here, we experimentally demonstrate dynamic magnetic modulation of structurally asymmetric metasurfaces (consisting of superlattice arrangement of thin (∼10 nm each) magnetic (Ni)/nonmagnetic (Al) layers) operating in the terahertz (THz) domain. With increasing magnetic field (applied from 0 to 30 mT approximately, implies increasing superlattice conductivity), we observe stronger confinement of electromagnetic energy at the resonances (both in dipole and Fano modes). Therefore, this study introduces a unique magnetically reconfigurable ability in Fano resonant THz metamaterials, which directly improves their performances operating in the sub-skin depth regime. Our study can be explained by spin-dependent THz magneto-transport phenomena in metals and can stimulate the paradigm for on-chip spin-based photonic technology enabling dynamic magnetic control over compact, sub-wavelength, sub-skin depth metadevices.
Thermodynamic machine learning through maximum work production
Authors: Boyd Alexander B , Crutchfield James P , Gu Mile 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Adaptive systems—such as a biological organism gaining survival advantage, an autonomous robot executing a functional task, or a motor protein transporting intracellular nutrients—must somehow embody relevant regularities and stochasticity in their environments to take full advantage of thermodynamic resources. Analogously, but in a purely computational realm, machine learning algorithms estimate models to capture predictable structure and identify irrelevant noise in training data. This happens through optimization of performance metrics, such as model likelihood. If such learning is physically implemented, is there a sense in which computational models estimated through machine learning are physically preferred? We introduce the thermodynamic principle that work production is the most relevant performance measure for an adaptive physical agent and compare the results to the maximum-likelihood principle that guides machine learning. Within the class of physical agents that most efficiently harvest energy from their environment, we demonstrate that an efficient agent’s model explicitly determines its architecture and how much useful work it harvests from the environment. We then show that selecting the maximum-work agent for given environmental data corresponds to finding the maximum-likelihood model. This establishes an equivalence between nonequilibrium thermodynamics and dynamic learning. In this way, work maximization emerges as an organizing principle that underlies learning in adaptive thermodynamic systems.
Spin manipulation and decoherence in a quantum dot mediated by a synthetic spin–orbit coupling of broken T-symmetry
Authors: Huang Peihao , Hu Xuedong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The electrical control of a spin qubit in a quantum dot (QD) relies on spin–orbit coupling (SOC), which could be either intrinsic to the underlying crystal lattice or heterostructure, or extrinsic via, for example, a micro-magnet. In experiments, micromagnets have been used as a synthetic SOC to enable strong coupling of a spin qubit in quantum dots with electric fields. Here we study theoretically the spin relaxation, pure dephasing, spin manipulation, and spin–photon coupling of an electron in a QD due to the synthetic SOC induced spin–orbit mixing. We find qualitative difference in the spin dynamics in the presence of a synthetic SOC compared with the case of the intrinsic SOC. Specifically, spin relaxation due to the synthetic SOC and deformation potential phonon emission (or Johnson noise) shows

B

0

5

(or B
0) dependence with the magnetic field, which is in contrast with the

B

0

7

(or

B

0

3

) dependence in the case of the intrinsic SOC. Moreover, charge noise induces fast spin dephasing to the first order of the synthetic SOC, which is in sharp contrast with the negligible spin pure dephasing in the case of the intrinsic SOC. These qualitative differences are attributed to the broken time-reversal symmetry (T-symmetry) of the synthetic SOC. An SOC with broken T-symmetry (such as the synthetic SOC from a micro-magnet) eliminates the ‘Van Vleck cancellation’ and causes a finite longitudinal spin–electric coupling that allows the longitudinal coupling between spin and electric field, and in turn allows spin pure dephasing. Finally, through proper choice of magnetic field orientation, the electric-dipole spin resonance via the synthetic SOC can be improved with potential applications in spin-based quantum computing.
Laser beam guiding in partially stripped magnetized quantum plasma
Authors: Kumar Punit , Singh Rathore Nisha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities arising by the passage of a linearly polarized laser beam through a partially stripped magnetized quantum plasma are analyzed. The interaction formalism has been developed using the recently developed quantum hydrodynamic model. The effects associated with the Fermi pressure, quantum Bohm potential and electron spin have been incorporated. A nonparaxial, non-linear wave equation has been obtained by the use of source dependent expansion technique and spot size has been evaluated. The nonlinear relativistic self-focusing tends to focus the beam while the ponderomotive nonlinearity tends to defocus. The effect of magnetization and quantum effects on the spot size and the beam power have been studied.
Stable high-dimensional solitons in nonlocal competing cubic-quintic nonlinear media
Authors: Zhou Qi-ying , Li Hui-jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We find and stabilize high-dimensional dipole and quadrupole solitons in nonlocal competing cubic-quintic nonlinear media. By adjusting the propagation constant, cubic, and quintic nonlinear coefficients, the stable intervals for dipole and quadrupole solitons that are parallel to the x-axis and those after rotating 45° counterclockwise around the origin of coordinate are found. For the dipole solitons and those after rotation, their stability is controlled by the propagation constant, the coefficients of cubic and quintic nonlinearity. The stability of quadrupole solitons is controlled by the propagation constant and the coefficient of cubic nonlinearity, rather than the coefficient of quintic nonlinearity, though there is a small effect of the quintic nonlinear coefficient on the stability. Our proposal may provide a way to generate and stabilize some novel high-dimensional nonlinear modes in a nonlocal system.
Block-coherence measures and coherence measures based on positive-operator-valued measures
Authors: Fu Liangxue , Yan Fengli , Gao Ting 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study block-coherence measures based on the resource theory of block-coherence and coherence measures based on positive-operator-valued measures (POVM). Several block-coherence measures are presented, including the block-coherence measure based on maximum relative entropy, the one-shot block-coherence cost under maximally block-incoherent operations, and the coherence measure based on coherent rank. Their relationships are obtained. Moreover, we describe the deterministic coherence dilution process by constructing block-incoherent operations. Based on the POVM coherence resource theory, we also propose two coherence measures and analyze their relationship.