bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabonomics study of the effects of single copy mutant KRAS in the presence or absence of WT allele using human HCT116 isogenic cell lines
Authors: Varshavi Dorna , Varshavi Dorsa , McCarthy Nicola , Veselkov Kirill , Keun Hector C. , Everett Jeremy R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
KRAS was one of the earliest human oncogenes to be described and is one of the most commonly mutated genes in different human cancers, including colorectal cancer. Despite KRAS mutants being known driver mutations, KRAS has proved difficult to target therapeutically, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying KRAS-driven cellular transformation.

Objectives
To investigate the metabolic signatures associated with single copy mutant KRAS in isogenic human colorectal cancer cells and to determine what metabolic pathways are affected.

Methods
Using NMR-based metabonomics, we compared wildtype (WT)-KRAS and mutant KRAS effects on cancer cell metabolism using metabolic profiling of the parental KRASG13D/+ HCT116 cell line and its isogenic, derivative cell lines KRAS+/– and KRASG13D/–.

Results
Mutation in the KRAS oncogene leads to a general metabolic remodelling to sustain growth and counter stress, including alterations in the metabolism of amino acids and enhanced glutathione biosynthesis. Additionally, we show that KRASG13D/+ and KRASG13D/− cells have a distinct metabolic profile characterized by dysregulation of TCA cycle, up-regulation of glycolysis and glutathione metabolism pathway as well as increased glutamine uptake and acetate utilization.

Conclusions
Our study showed the effect of a single point mutation in one KRAS allele and KRAS allele loss in an isogenic genetic background, hence avoiding confounding genetic factors. Metabolic differences among different KRAS mutations might play a role in their different responses to anticancer treatments and hence could be exploited as novel metabolic vulnerabilities to develop more effective therapies against oncogenic KRAS.

Graphical abstract
An optimal designed experiment for the alkaline hydrolysis of feather keratin
Authors: Dąbrowska Małgorzata , Sommer Agata , Sinkiewicz Izabela , Taraszkiewicz Antoni , Staroszczyk Hanna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFeathers, burdensome waste from the poultry industry, can be a cheap source of keratin, a protein with excellent physicochemical, biological, and mechanical properties. Acid and alkaline hydrolyses are usually adopted for isolation of keratin from its natural resources. This study aimed at assessing the statistically significant effect of input variables in the alkaline hydrolysis of keratin from chicken feathers on the process yield and on the molecular weight of peptides obtained. The effect of the volume ratio of 1M NaOH to the feathers’ mass, the hydrolysis time, and the shaking speed of the reaction mixture on the process yield were analyzed. The use of statistical analysis at the design step of experiment allowed reducing the trial number from 27 to 9. Among the input variables analyzed, only the volume ratio of 1M NaOH to the feathers’ mass had a significant effect on the process yield, while none of them significantly affected the molecular weight of the peptides obtained. All hydrolysates were dominated by two peptides’ fractions, with molecular weights of ca. 130 and 250 kDa, and mixture of many peptides of weight close to 10 kDa and smaller. Alkaline hydrolysis of feather keratin yielded protein hydrolysates soluble over a wide pH range.
Personalized prediction of rehabilitation outcomes in multiple sclerosis: a proof-of-concept using clinical data, digital health metrics, and machine learning
Authors: Kanzler Christoph M. , Lamers Ilse , Feys Peter , Gassert Roger , Lambercy Olivier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPredicting upper limb neurorehabilitation outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) is essential to optimize therapy allocation. Previous research identified population-level predictors through linear models and clinical data. This work explores the feasibility of predicting individual neurorehabilitation outcomes using machine learning, clinical data, and digital health metrics. Machine learning models were trained on clinical data and digital health metrics recorded pre-intervention in 11 pwMS. The dependent variables indicated whether pwMS considerably improved across the intervention, as defined by the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Box and Block Test (BBT), or Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT). Improvements in ARAT or BBT could be accurately predicted (88% and 83% accuracy) using only patient master data. Improvements in NHPT could be predicted with moderate accuracy (73%) and required knowledge about sensorimotor impairments. Assessing these with digital health metrics over clinical scales increased accuracy by 10%. Non-linear models improved accuracy for the BBT (+ 9%), but not for the ARAT (-1%) and NHPT (-2%). This work demonstrates the feasibility of predicting upper limb neurorehabilitation outcomes in pwMS, which justifies the development of more representative prediction models in the future. Digital health metrics improved the prediction of changes in hand control, thereby underlining their advanced sensitivity.
The cost of not knowing enough: mixed-integer optimization with implicit Lipschitz nonlinearities
Authors: Schmidt Martin , Sirvent Mathias , Wollner Winnifried 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is folklore knowledge that nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problems can be notoriously hard to solve in practice. In this paper we go one step further and drop analytical properties that are usually taken for granted in mixed-integer nonlinear optimization. First, we only assume Lipschitz continuity of the nonlinear functions and additionally consider multivariate implicit constraint functions that cannot be solved for any parameter analytically. For this class of mixed-integer problems we propose a novel algorithm based on an approximation of the feasible set in the domain of the nonlinear function—in contrast to an approximation of the graph of the function considered in prior work. This method is shown to compute approximate global optimal solutions in finite time and we also provide a worst-case iteration bound. In some first numerical experiments we show that the “cost of not knowing enough” is rather high by comparing our approach with the open-source global solver . This reveals that a lot of work is still to be done for this highly challenging class of problems and we thus finally propose some possible directions of future research.
Parteienwettbewerb und Wahrscheinlichkeit verschiedener Koalitionsoptionen bei der Bundestagswahl 2021
Authors: Debus Marc 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDas komplexer gewordene bundesdeutsche Parteiensystem und die Angleichung in der Stärke der Parteien bei Wahlen führt zu einem ebenfalls komplexeren Koalitions- und Regierungsbildungsprozess auf Bundes- wie Landesebene. Diese Kurzanalyse präsentiert die programmatischen Profile der im Bundestag vertretenen Parteien auf der Grundlage ihrer zur Bundestagswahl 2021 verfassten Wahlprogramme. Im Anschluss daran wird – auf der Basis der Determinanten der Regierungs- und Koalitionsbildung in Deutschland in den Bundesländern und auf Bundesebene seit 1990 – mit Rückgriff auf unterschiedliche Szenarien der Sitzverteilung im 20. Deutschen Bundestag, die neben den sich aus dem Wahlergebnis ergebenden Parteienkonstellationen auch andere Koalitionsoptionen umfassen, die jeweils wahrscheinlichste Regierungskoalition ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die Regierungsbildung in Deutschland von office- und policy-orientierten Koalitionstheorien sowie den institutionell-kontextuellen Rahmenbedingungen entscheidend beeinflusst wird und eine „Ampelkoalition“ das wahrscheinlichste Ergebnis des Regierungsbildungsprozesses 2021 ist, wenn eine „große Koalition“ aus Union und SPD als ausgeschlossen betrachtet wird.
Die Thematisierung religiöser Vielfalt im katholischen Religionsunterricht. Eine explorative Videostudie
Authors: Riegel Ulrich , Gronover Matthias , Ambiel David , Brügge-Feldhake Malte , Jumpertz Sophia , Krämer Maximiliane , Boschki Reinhold 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIn religionspädagogischen Theorien zum Religionsunterricht spielt religiöse Vielfalt eine zentrale Rolle. Empirische Studien zur Rolle und Bedeutung dieser Vielfalt im vorfindlichen Religionsunterricht stellen aber nach wie vor ein Desiderat religionsdidaktischer Forschung dar. Dieser Beitrag adressiert dieses Desiderat, indem er im Rahmen einer explorativen Videostudie untersucht, wie religiöse Vielfalt im katholischen Religionsunterricht thematisiert wird. Dazu greift er auf ein vierdimensionales Modell zurück, das religiöse Differenz entlang einer positionellen, einer stilistischen, einer kontextuellen und einer biographischen Dimension erfasst. Der Befund zeigt, dass vorfindlicher Unterricht religiöse Vielfalt vor allem unter positionellen Aspekten verhandelt, wobei stilistische Aspekte eine Nebenrolle spielen. Dieser Befund wird abschließend diskutiert.
Silence as Self-care: Pregnant Adolescents and Adolescent Mothers Concealing Paternity in Mahama Refugee Camp, Rwanda
Authors: Ruzibiza Yvette 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn Rwanda, sexual activity with and among adolescents under the age of 18 is a criminal offence. This is justified to reduce abuse and adolescent pregnancies. Despite this, the Burundian Mahama refugee camp in Rwanda is registering an escalating pregnancy rate among girls 13 to 15 years old. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted from December 2017 to April 2018, this paper shows how pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers navigate punitive legal structures to protect their baby’s father by concealing his identity. In a challenging socioeconomic context with limited opportunities, silence provides pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers with a strategy to protect their boyfriends from jail and to access humanitarian assistance available to single mothers. I suggest that silence can be a self-care strategy to negotiate and navigate temporalities as they seek to manage the circumstances in which they find themselves, whilst hoping for a better future for themselves and their children.
Increasing the deterrence of airport security checks by managing expectations through communication: a hypothetical scenario experiment
Authors: Bearth Angela , Hofer Franziska , Stotz Tamara , Ghelfi Signe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSelective security screenings are discussed as a potential strategy to reduce costs and waiting times at airports, while keeping security high. However, the limited literature suggests that traditional security screenings, where all passengers are screened, are perceived as more deterrent for criminal activity and more secure from passengers’ perspectives. The goal of this study was to investigate whether targeted communication on an airport’s website can counteract the detrimental effect of randomised airport security checks on deterrence. The study results confirm prior findings that people with illegal intentions prefer randomised security checks compared to traditional security checks. However, there are hints that tactical communication could be a tool to improve security at airports. All in all, the insights gathered in this study should be taken as a sign of caution, when considering switching to selective security screenings. Future directions for investigating the effect of tactical communication are discussed.
The genus Tristachya (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in Madagascar
Authors: Vorontsova Maria S. , Rakotomalala Nantenaina H. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryWe present a revision of the three species of Tristachya in Madagascar. The tussock-forming T. betsileensis is a rare endemic of the quartz outcrops in the Itremo Protected Area. The rhizomatous T. isalensis and T. humbertii are common components of the sandstone outcrop vegetation in the Isalo National Park. A new combination is made. Descriptions, conservation assessments, illustrations, and a distribution map are presented.
The development of telemedicine programs in Sub-Saharan Africa: Progress and associated challenges
Authors: Dodoo Joana Eva , Al-Samarraie Hosam , Alsswey Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMonitoring the progress of telemedicine use in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries has received a considerable attention from many health organizations and governmental agencies. This study reviewed the current progress and challenges in relation to the development of telemedicine programs in SSA. The results from reviewing 66 empirical studies revealed an unbalanced progress across SSA countries. Further, technological, organisational, legal and regulatory, individual, financial, and cultural aspects were identified as the major barriers to the success of telemedicine development in SSA. This study reported the current trends in telemedicine application, as well as highlighting critical barriers for consideration by healthcare decision makers. The outcomes from this study offer a number of recommendations to support wider implementation and sustainable usage of telemedicine in SSA.
Process Water Recirculation During Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Promising Process Step Towards the Production of Nitrogen-Doped Carbonaceous Materials
Authors: Dominik Wüst , Pablo Arauzo , Sonja Habicht , Fernando Cazaña , Luca Fiori , Andrea Kruse 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) refers to the conversion of biogenic wastes into char-like solids with promising perspectives for application, but a process water (PW) results which is difficult to dispose untreated. Thus, a biorefinery approach including one or two recirculation steps with the additional objective of improving the physico-chemical characteristics of the solid was performed in this study. During HTC, constitutive molecules such as saccharides, proteins and lignin of Brewer’s Spent Grains decompose into hundreds of organic compounds, following complex reactions. To get deeper insights a combination of proximate, ultimate and structural analysis for solid products as well as liquid chromatography for liquid products were the choice. The main reactions could be identified by key compounds of low and high molecular weight resulting from hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, deamination as well as amide formation and condensation reactions. Their intensity was influenced by the feedwater pH and reaction temperature. Via reactions of Maillard character up to around 90% of the dissolved nitrogen of the recirculated process water at 200, 220 and 240 °C result in the formation of nitrogen containing heterocycles or rather Quartnernary nitrogen incorporated into the hydrochar (HC). Thus, already one recirculation step during HTC at 240 °C promises the fabrication of high added-value materials, i.e. nitrogen doped carbonaceous materials.
Graphic Abstract
Geologically based integrated approach for zonation of a Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous carbonate reservoir; a case from Persian Gulf
Authors: Asadi Alireza , Rahimpour-Bonab Hossain , Aleali Mohsen , Arian Mehran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, our attempt is to integrate sedimentological and petrophysical data for reservoir evaluation in the sequence stratigraphic framework. Petrographic analysis of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation reservoirs of two oilfields in the northwest of the Persian Gulf led to recognition of twelve microfacies. They can be classified into four facies associations, including open marine, shoal, lagoon and tidal flat, which are deposited in a homoclinal ramp carbonate. Sequence stratigraphy of the studied successions led to the recognition of three third-order depositional sequences based on vertical changes in microfacies and gamma ray analysis. Except for the upper boundary of the third sequence, the other sequence boundaries are type I (SBT.1). Dissolution is the most important diagenetic feature that affected the lower depositional sequence which is caused by the development of subaerial exposure after the deposition of the Fahliyan Formation, whereas cementation is the main diagenetic feature affecting the second- and third depositional sequences, causing their lower reservoir quality. In order to identify the flow units, the flow zone index methods, porosity throat radius (R35) and modified Lorenz based on stratigraphy were applied. The key wells studied in this area have shown good correlation throughout the studied oilfields which may potentially be used for hydrocarbon exploration and field development in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous deposits of the Persian Gulf. This study integrates geological and petrophysical data (rock typing) toward sequence stratigraphic framework.
Identification of best fit crude oil of upper Assam basin for pipeline transportation
Authors: Robidas Bondita , Gogoi Subrata Borgohain 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper attempts to identify a crude oil (CO) from eight different CO samples with a wide range ofoAPI gravity from 13 to 43 belonging to Upper Assam Basin, India, to formulate the identified CO for pipeline transportation. Studies were conducted to understand the physical, rheological, and viscoelastic properties of the CO samples where physical properties included pour point (PP) andoAPI gravity, the rheological properties included viscosity (η), kinematic viscosity (K.V.), viscosity gravity constant (VGC), shear stress (τ) and shear strain (γʹ) and the viscoelastic properties were elastic modulus (G)' and viscous modulus (G''). This research aims at achieving PP < 9 °C for CO for the ease of flow through pipeline even during the extreme winter season in Assam when the ambient temperature drops below 10oC. SKO in 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% was added with all CO samples to determine the physical, rheological and viscoelastic properties at 30 °C, since PP of most of the CO samples was near 30 °C. However, the important properties of SKO, i.e. smoke point, flash point and boiling point, were not addressed here as SKO was used for improving flowability through pipeline. Correlation coefficients (CC) were determined using CORREL function in Microsoft Excel to investigate the relationship betweenoAPI gravity and the other properties for all the CO samples to identify the best fit CO. CO3 and CO8 were identified from the relationships as the most desired CO samples and CO3 was obtained as the best fit CO for the pipeline transportation.
Gender distribution across topics in the top five economics journals: a machine learning approach
Authors: Conde-Ruiz J. Ignacio , Ganuza Juan-José , García Manu , Puch Luis A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe analyze text data in all the articles published in the top five (T5) economics journals between 2002 and 2019 in order to find gender differences in their research approach. We implement an unsupervised machine learning algorithm: the structural topic model (STM), so as to incorporate gender document-level meta-data into a probabilistic text model. This algorithm characterizes jointly the set of latent topics that best fits our data (the set of abstracts) and how the documents/abstracts are allocated to each topic. Latent topics are mixtures over words where each word has a probability of belonging to a topic after controlling by journal name and publication year (the meta-data). Thus, the topics may capture research fields but also other more subtle characteristics related to the way in which the articles are written. We find that females are unevenly distributed over the estimated latent topics. This and other findings rely on “automatically” generated built-in data given the contents in the abstracts of the articles in the T5 journals, without any arbitrary allocation of texts to particular categories (as JEL codes, or research areas).
Shine a light: Under-ice light and its ecological implications in a changing Arctic Ocean
Authors: Castellani Giulia , Veyssière Gaëlle , Karcher Michael , Stroeve Julienne , Banas S. Neil , Bouman A. Heather , Brierley S. Andrew , Connan Stacey , Cottier Finlo , Große Fabian , Hobbs Laura , Katlein Christian , Light Bonnie , McKee David , Orkney Andrew , Proud Roland , Schourup-Kristensen Vibe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Arctic marine ecosystem is shaped by the seasonality of the solar cycle, spanning from 24-h light at the sea surface in summer to 24-h darkness in winter. The amount of light available for under-ice ecosystems is the result of different physical and biological processes that affect its path through atmosphere, snow, sea ice and water. In this article, we review the present state of knowledge of the abiotic (clouds, sea ice, snow, suspended matter) and biotic (sea ice algae and phytoplankton) controls on the underwater light field. We focus on how the available light affects the seasonal cycle of primary production (sympagic and pelagic) and discuss the sensitivity of ecosystems to changes in the light field based on model simulations. Lastly, we discuss predicted future changes in under-ice light as a consequence of climate change and their potential ecological implications, with the aim of providing a guide for future research.
Trace singularities in obstacle scattering and the Poisson relation for the relative trace
Authors: Fang Yan-Long , Strohmaier Alexander 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe consider the case of scattering by several obstacles in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

, $$d \ge 2$$

d
≥
2

for the Laplace operator $$\Delta $$
Δ
with Dirichlet boundary conditions imposed on the obstacles. In the case of two obstacles, we have the Laplace operators $$\Delta _1$$

Δ
1

and $$\Delta _2$$

Δ
2

obtained by imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions only on one of the objects. The relative operator $$g(\Delta ) - g(\Delta _1) - g(\Delta _2) + g(\Delta _0)$$

g

(
Δ
)

-
g

(

Δ
1

)

-
g

(

Δ
2

)

+
g

(

Δ
0

)

was introduced in Hanisch, Waters and one of the authors in (A relative trace formula for obstacle scattering. arXiv:2002.07291, 2020) and shown to be trace-class for a large class of functions g, including certain functions of polynomial growth. When g is sufficiently regular at zero and fast decaying at infinity then, by the Birman–Krein formula, this trace can be computed from the relative spectral shift function $$\xi _\mathrm {rel}(\lambda ) = -\frac{1}{\pi } {\text {Im}}(\Xi (\lambda ))$$

ξ
rel

(
λ
)

=
-

1
π

Im

(
Ξ

(
λ
)

)

, where $$\Xi (\lambda )$$

Ξ
(
λ
)

is holomorphic in the upper half-plane and fast decaying. In this paper we study the wave-trace contributions to the singularities of the Fourier transform of $$\xi _\mathrm {rel}$$

ξ
rel

. In particular we prove that $${\hat{\xi }}_\mathrm {rel}$$

ξ
^

rel

is real-analytic near zero and we relate the decay of $$\Xi (\lambda )$$

Ξ
(
λ
)

along the imaginary axis to the first wave-trace invariant of the shortest bouncing ball orbit between the obstacles. The function $$\Xi (\lambda )$$

Ξ
(
λ
)

is important in the physics of quantum fields as it determines the Casimir interactions between the objects.