bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE NATURE OF NATURE: INTERPRETATIONS OF TEILHARD DE CHARDIN'S ECOLOGICAL ESCHATOLOGICAL VIEWS
Authors: Osgood Libby 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the writings of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, the word “nature” occurs more than a thousand times, though this term is not listed in the Teilhard Lexicon by Siôn Cowell. A qualitative analysis of nature throughout Teilhard's writings produced 13 distinct definitions that can be summarized into five categories; nature can be an inherent way of being, sacred, an object, or that which is not artificial. The multivalent term has produced different interpretations of Teilhard's work, specifically in the ecological eschatological question of whether living organisms will be included in the final transformation. Theologians’ responses to this question range from affirmation to dissension, with varying levels of certainty, demonstrating the variability that can be caused by ambiguous language.
GluN3A NMDA receptor subunits: more enigmatic than ever?
Authors: Crawley Oliver , Conde‐Dusman María J. , Pérez‐Otaño Isabel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNon‐conventionalN‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) containing GluN3A subunits have unique biophysical, signalling and localization properties within the NMDAR family, and are typically thought to counterbalance functions of classical NMDARs made up of GluN1/2 subunits. Beyond their recognized roles in synapse refinement during postnatal development, recent evidence is building a wider perspective for GluN3A functions. Here we draw particular attention to the latest developments for this multifaceted and unusual subunit: from finely timed expression patterns that correlate with plasticity windows in developing brains or functional hierarchies in the mature brain to new insight onto presynaptic GluN3A‐NMDARs, excitatory glycine receptors and behavioural impacts, alongside further connections to a range of brain disorders.image
Computation of the Available Force Set of a 3-RPRR Kinematically-Redundant Planar Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Arsenault Marc , Boudreau Roger A. , Nokleby Scott B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An algorithm is developed to determine the Available Force Set (AFS) of the 3-RPRR kinematically-redundant planar parallel manipulator. The results of the algorithm are verified against a brute force approach and are found to yield exact results with significantly less computational time. The use of the AFS in a robot design context is illustrated through the analysis of two performance indices: the maximum pure force capable of being applied in any direction and the maximum pure force capable of being applied in a given direction. The algorithm is used to compute the AFS and the performance indices throughout the 3-RPRR robot's workspace. The proposed methodology is a useful tool for the design and analysis of the 3-RPRR robot and could be adapted to other kinematically-redundant planar parallel manipulators.
Integration of non-communicable disease and HIV/AIDS management: a review of healthcare policies and plans in East Africa
Authors: Adeyemi Olukemi , Lyons Mary , Njim Tsi , Okebe Joseph , Birungi Josephine , Nana Kevin , Claude Mbanya Jean , Mfinanga Sayoki , Ramaiya Kaushik , Jaffar Shabbar , Garrib Anupam 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundLow-income and middle-income countries are struggling to manage growing numbers of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), while services for patients with HIV infection are well established. There have been calls for integration of HIV and NCD services to increase efficiency and improve coverage of NCD care, although evidence of effectiveness remains unclear. In this review, we assess the extent to which National HIV and NCD policies in East Africa reflect the calls for HIV-NCD service integration.MethodsBetween April 2018 and December 2020, we searched for policies, strategies and guidelines associated with HIV and NCDs programmes in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Documents were searched manually for plans for integration of HIV and NCD services. Data were analysed qualitatively using document analysis.ResultsThirty-one documents were screened, and 13 contained action plans for HIV and NCDs service integration. Integrated delivery of HIV and NCD care is recommended in high level health policies and treatment guidelines in four countries in the East African region; Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mostly relating to integrating NCD care into HIV programmes. The increasing burden of NCDs, as well as a move towards person-centred differentiated delivery of services for people living with HIV, is a factor in the recent adoption of integrated HIV and NCD service delivery plans. Both South Sudan and Burundi report a focus on building their healthcare infrastructure and improving coverage and quality of healthcare provision, with no reported plans for HIV and NCD care integration.ConclusionDespite the limited evidence of effectiveness, some East African countries have already taken steps towards HIV and NCD service integration. Close monitoring and evaluation of the integrated HIV and NCD programmes is necessary to provide insight into the associated benefits and risks, and to inform future service developments.
Optimization of deposition parameters for MPCVD diamond coatings grown on WC-Co substrates using the Taguchi and analytical hierarchy process methods
Authors: Jian Xiaogang , Hu Jibo , Tang Jinyao , Ma Qianli 
Published: May 2021

In this study, substrate temperature (t), total pressure (p), methane flow (M), and carbon dioxide flow (C) were examined for depositing diamond coatings on cemented tungsten carbide substrates (WC-Co; 6 wt.%) under an atmosphere of CH4–H2–CO2. The Taguchi method and analytical hierarchy process method were used to plan the parameters and the sequencing of the parameters, respectively. The results show that three schemes with improved parameters could be identified using the Taguchi method, and the best sequence for these parameters (t = 750 °C; p = 6 kPa; M = 7 mL/min; C = 4 mL/min) was obtained using the analytical hierarchy process method; these results were verified experimentally.
Light Majorana neutrinos in (semi)invisible meson decays
Authors: Bortolato Blaž , Kamenik Jernej F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe reconsider decays of pseudoscalar mesons (P) to neutrino pairs and possibly additional photons in presence of (light) Majorana neutrinos. For this purpose we derive a model-independent general parametrization of neutrino mass matrices with physically interpretable and irreducible set of parameters. The parametrization is valid for any number of neutrinos and interpolates smoothly between the heavy Majorana and the (pseudo)Dirac neutrino limits. We apply the new parametrization to the study of $$P \rightarrow \nu \nu $$

P
→
ν
ν

and $$P \rightarrow \nu \nu \gamma $$

P
→
ν
ν
γ

decays within the SM extended by additional singlet fermions. We update the SM predictions for the branching ratios of $$B_{s,d} \rightarrow \nu \nu \gamma $$

B

s
,
d

→
ν
ν
γ

and discuss the sensitivity of the $$B_{s,d} \rightarrow E_{\mathrm{miss}} (\gamma )$$

B

s
,
d

→

E
miss

(
γ
)

decays to neutrino mass and mixing parameters.
Dimensionality Reduction Methods for Brain Imaging Data Analysis
Authors: Tang Yunbo , Chen Dan , Li Xiaoli 
Published: May 2021

The past century has witnessed the grand success of brain imaging technologies, such as electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging, in probing cognitive states and pathological brain dynamics for neuroscience research and neurology practices. Human brain is “the most complex object in the universe,” and brain imaging data (
BID
) are routinely of multiple/many attributes and highly non-stationary. These are determined by the nature of
BID
as the recordings of the evolving processes of the brain(s) under examination in various views. Driven by the increasingly high demands for precision, efficiency, and reliability in neuro-science and engineering tasks, dimensionality reduction has become a priority issue in
BID
analysis to handle the notoriously high dimensionality and large scale of big
BID
sets as well as the enormously complicated interdependencies among data elements. This has become particularly urgent and challenging in this big data era.

Dimensionality reduction theories and methods manifest unrivaled potential in revealing key insights to
BID
via offering the low-dimensional/tiny representations/features, which may preserve critical characterizations of massive neuronal activities and brain functional and/or malfunctional states of interest. This study surveys the most salient work along this direction conforming to a 3-dimensional taxonomy with respect to (1) the
scale
of
BID
, of which the design with this consideration is important for the potential applications; (2) the
order
of
BID
, in which a higher order denotes more
BID
attributes manipulatable by the method; and (3)
linearity
, in which the method’s degree of linearity largely determines the “fidelity” in
BID
exploration. This study defines criteria for qualitative evaluations of these works in terms of effectiveness, interpretability, efficiency, and scalability. The classifications and evaluations based on the taxonomy provide comprehensive guides to (1) how existing research and development efforts are distributed and (2) their performance, features, and potential in influential applications especially when involving big data. In the end, this study crystallizes the open technical issues and proposes research challenges that must be solved to enable further researches in this area of great potential.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Premature Cancer Mortality Among U.S. Counties During 1999 to 2018
Authors: Song Suhang , Duan Yuqi , Huang Junjie , Wong Martin C S , Chen Hongda , Trisolini Michael G. , Labresh Kenneth A. , Smith Sidney C. , Jin Yinzi , Zheng Zhi-Jie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
This study investigated socioeconomic inequalities in premature cancer mortality by cancer types, and evaluated the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and premature cancer mortality by cancer types.

Methods:
Using multiple databases, cancer mortality was linked to SES and other county characteristics. The outcome measure was cancer mortality among adults ages 25–64 years in 3,028 U.S. counties, from 1999 to 2018. Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality were calculated as a concentration index (CI) by income (annual median household income), educational attainment (% with bachelor's degree or higher), and unemployment rate. A hierarchical linear mixed model and dominance analyses were used to investigate SES associated with county-level mortality. The analyses were also conducted by cancer types.

Results:
CIs of SES factors varied by cancer types. Low-SES counties showed increasing trends in mortality, while high-SES counties showed decreasing trends. Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among high-SES counties were larger than those among low-SES counties. SES explained 25.73% of the mortality. County-level cancer mortality was associated with income, educational attainment, and unemployment rate, at −0.24 [95% (CI): −0.36 to −0.12], −0.68 (95% CI: −0.87 to −0.50), and 1.50 (95% CI: 0.92–2.07) deaths per 100,000 population with one-unit SES factors increase, respectively, after controlling for health care environment and population health.

Conclusions:
SES acts as a key driver of premature cancer mortality, and socioeconomic inequalities differ by cancer types.

Impact:
Focused efforts that target socioeconomic drivers of mortalities and inequalities are warranted for designing cancer-prevention implementation strategies and control programs and policies for socioeconomically underprivileged groups.
Self-reported Metabolic Risk Factor Associations with Adenomatous, Sessile Serrated, and Synchronous Adenomatous and Sessile Serrated Polyps
Authors: Santiago Celina N. , Rifkin Samara , Drewes Julia , Mullin Gerard , Spence Emma , Hylind Linda M. , Gills Joell J. , Kafonek David , Cromwell David M. , La Luna Louis , Giardello Francis , Sears Cynthia L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Studies have found a positive association between metabolic risk factors, such as obesity and diabetes, and adenomatous polyps (AP). However, fewer studies have assessed the association between sessile serrated polyps (SSP) or synchronous diagnosis of APs and SSPs (synch polyps). Study participants (N = 1,370; ages 40–85) undergoing screening colonoscopy were enrolled between August 2016 and February 2020. Self-reported metabolic risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and overweight/obesity, were evaluated for associations with new diagnoses of APs, SSPs, and synch polyps at the present colonoscopy. Average participant age was 60.73 ± 8.63 (SD) years; 56.7% were female and 90.9% white. In an assessment of individual metabolic risk factors, adjusted for age, sex, race, and smoking status, increased body mass index (BMI; overweight or obese vs. normal BMI of &lt;25 kg/m2) was associated with an increased odds for new onset of colon APs (Ptrend &lt; 0.001) as was a diagnosis of diabetes [adjusted conditional OR (aCOR) = 1.59 (1.10–2.29)]. No associations were seen between the metabolic risk factors and onset of SSPs. Being obese or hypertensive each increased the odds of new onset of synch polyps with aCOR values of 2.09 (1.01–4.32) and 1.79 (1.06–3.02), respectively. Self-reported risk factors may help assess polyp type risk. Because SSPs and synch polyps are rare, larger studies are needed to improve our understanding of the contribution of these factors to polyp risk. These data lead us to hypothesize that differences in observed metabolic risk factors between polyp types reflect select metabolic impact on pathways to colorectal cancer.

Prevention Relevance:
Self-reported medical history provides valuable insight into polyp risk, potentially enabling the use of larger retrospective studies of colonoscopy populations to assess knowledge gaps. More aggressive colonoscopy screening, critical to colorectal cancer prevention, may be considered in populations of individuals with metabolic risk factors and modifiable lifestyle risk factors.
Long‐Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With 30‐Day Readmissions and Hospital Visits Among Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Ward‐Caviness, Cavin K. , Danesh Yazdi, Mahdieh , Moyer, Joshua , Weaver, Anne M. , Cascio, Wayne E. , Di, Qian , Schwartz, Joel D. , Diaz‐Sanchez, David 
Published: May 2021

Background
Long‐term air pollution exposure is a significant risk factor for inpatient hospital admissions in the general population. However, we lack information on whether long‐term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for hospital readmissions, particularly in individuals with elevated readmission rates.

Methods and Results

We determined the number of readmissions and total hospital visits (outpatient visits+emergency room visits+inpatient admissions) for 20 920 individuals with heart failure. We used quasi‐Poisson regression models to associate annual average fine particulate matter at the date of heart failure diagnosis with the number of hospital visits and 30‐day readmissions. We used inverse probability weights to balance the distribution of confounders and adjust for the competing risk of death. Models were adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking status, urbanicity, year of diagnosis, short‐term fine particulate matter exposure, comorbid disease, and socioeconomic status. A 1‐µg/m
3
increase in fine particulate matter was associated with a 9.31% increase (95% CI, 7.85%–10.8%) in total hospital visits, a 4.35% increase (95% CI, 1.12%–7.68%) in inpatient admissions, and a 14.2% increase (95% CI, 8.41%–20.2%) in 30‐day readmissions. Associations were robust to different modeling approaches.

Conclusions
These results highlight the potential for air pollution to play a role in hospital use, particularly hospital visits and readmissions. Given the elevated frequency of hospitalizations and readmissions among patients with heart failure, these results also represent an important insight into modifiable environmental risk factors that may improve outcomes and reduce hospital use among patients with heart failure.
The voices of an alleged mute: sound emissions in a Tropidurus lizard
Authors: Fernandes Danilo Camargo , Passos Daniel Cunha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although the major Squamata lineages are primarily oriented by chemical or visual sensory systems, many lizards are able to use acoustic information and several species produce sounds. However, while gekkotans are renowned by their complex vocal repertoires, sounds of other lizards are much less known. Herein we characterize the sounds emitted by individuals of Tropidurus catalanensis (Tropiduridae) from southeastern Brazil in response to threat stimuli. Our results revealed that the acoustic display was consistently emitted by adult individuals. The typical sound emission consisted of a single click, very short in duration, and without frequency modulation. This is the first report of sound emission by Tropidurus lizards, expanding the knowledge on the behavioural repertoire of the genus, and contributing to understanding the extension of sound emission in lizards.
Effect of Pretreatment Dysphagia on Postchemoradiation Swallowing Function in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Cates Daniel J. , Evangelista Lisa M. , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesChemoradiation therapy (CRT) for head and neck cancer can have profound effects on swallowing function. Identification of risk factors for development of swallowing dysfunction after CRT may improve allocation of preventive strategies. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between pre‐CRT dysphagia and post‐CRT swallowing dysfunction.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAcademic medical center.MethodsPatients with head and neck cancer were evaluated before and 3 months after CRT. Dysphagia was assessed with the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10). Swallowing dysfunction was evaluated by a videofluoroscopic swallow study and the Penetration‐Aspiration Scale and swallowing safety was evaluated by the Functional Oral Intake Scale. The association between pre‐CRT EAT‐10 scores and post‐CRT swallowing dysfunction was evaluated.ResultsThe mean ± SD post‐CRT Functional Oral Intake Scale score was 6.5 ± 1.2 for individuals with a pre‐CRT EAT‐10 score <3 and 5.3 ± 1.9 for those with a pre‐CRT EAT‐10 score ≥3 (P <. 001). The mean post‐CRT Penetration‐Aspiration Scale score was 2.2 ± 1.5 for individuals with a pre‐CRT EAT‐10 score <3 and 3.8 ± 2.6 for those with a pre‐CRT EAT‐10 score ≥3 (P <. 001). After multivariate analysis adjusting for age, tumor subsite, T classification, and primary surgery, pre‐CRT dysphagia (EAT‐10 ≥3) was an independent predictor of post‐CRT aspiration (odds ratio, 4.19 [95% CI, 1.08‐16.20]; P =. 04) and feeding tube dependence (odds ratio, 3.54 [95% CI, 1.01‐12.33]; P =. 04).ConclusionThe presence of dysphagia before chemoradiation for head and neck cancer is an independent predictor of swallowing dysfunction after completion of therapy. These results may help target intervention toward preventing swallowing dysfunction in high‐risk individuals.
On the (mis)classification of paid labor: When should gig workers have employee status?
Authors: Halliday Daniel 
Published: May 2021

The emergence of so-called ‘gig work’, particularly that sold through digital platforms accessed through smartphone apps, has led to disputes about the proper classification of workers: Should platform workers be classified as independent contractors (as platforms typically insist), or as employees of the platforms through which they sell labor (as workers often claim)? Such disputes have urgency due to the way in which employee status is necessary to access certain benefits such as a minimum wage, sick pay, and so on. In addition, classification disputes have philosophical significance because their resolution requires some foundational account of why the law should make a distinction between employed and freelance workers in the first place. This paper aims to fill this foundational gap. Central to it is the idea that employment involves a worker ceding certain freedoms in return for a degree of security, at least with respect to income. Insofar as the misclassification objection has force against digital platforms, it is when a platform is attempting to have it both ways: Workers are giving up freedom but not being granted a proportionate increase in security. As I shall explain, this approach offers some flexibility as to how actual disputes might be resolved – justice may be indifferent between whether platforms offer greater security or permit workers greater freedom, provided they do at least one of these things.
Mental Health Outcome Measures in Environmental Design Research: A Critical Review
Authors: Shin Jung-hye , Dennis Samuel , Mohammed Hassnaa 
Published: May 2021

Aim: During the last several decades, researchers have produced abundant evidence of the environmental impacts on stress, attention, and physical activity. More recently, scholars have turned their focus to the influence environments have on mental wellness. Therefore, a critical review of this more recent research is both timely and crucial for setting the future research agenda. Methods: In this article, we examined 65 papers published between 2008 and 2019 that examined the environmental correlates of a wide variety of mental health outcomes. We coded each study by type of environment, research design, mental health measurement scale used, and p-value. Results: We categorized the research studies into six groups based on mental health outcomes: emotions, moods, vitality, executive function, stress, and general well-being. Our review revealed several trends among the studies, including a heavy focus on nature and outdoor environments with little attention to workplace or residential environments; a lack of consensus on how to operationalize the environment; a heavy reliance on self-reported ratings using a wide variety of scales, many focused on the same outcome; and a disproportionate focus on short-term health effects. Conclusions: There is a need for greater consensus on research constructs and health outcome measurements, focused on a wider variety of environmental settings and scales, in order to better inform evidence-based environmental design practice.