bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of loss cone stars in a cosmological galaxy merger remnant
Authors: Avramov Branislav , Berczik Peter , Meiron Yohai , Acharya Anshuman , Just Andreas 
Published: March 2021

Aims.We investigate the orbital and phase space properties of loss cone stars that interact strongly with a hard, high-redshift binary supermassive black hole (SMBH) system formed in a cosmological scenario.Methods.We use a novel hybrid integration approach that combines the directN-body codeφ-GRAPE with ETICS, a collisionless code that employs the self-consistent field method for force calculation. The hybrid approach shows considerable speed-up over direct summation for particle numbers > 106, while retaining accuracy of directN-body for a subset of particles. During the SMBH binary evolution we monitor individual stellar interactions with the binary in order to identify stars that noticeably contribute to the SMBH binary hardening.Results.We successfully identify and analyze in detail the properties of stars that extract energy from the binary. We find that the summed energy changes seen in these stars match very well with the overall binary energy change, demonstrating that stellar interactions are the primary drivers of SMBH binary hardening in triaxial, gas-poor systems. We find that 76% of these stars originate from centrophilic orbits, only possible in a triaxial system. As a result, even the slight triaxiality of our system results in efficient refilling of the loss cone, avoiding the final parsec problem. We distinguish three different populations of interactions based on their apocenter. We find a clear prevalence of interactions co-rotating with the binary. Nevertheless, retrograde interactions are the most energetic, contributing only slightly less than the prograde population to the overall energy exchange. The most energetic interactions are also likely to result in a change of sign in the angular momentum of the star. We estimate the merger timescale of the binary to be ≈20 Myr, a value larger by a factor of two than the timescale reported in a previous study.
The Trityl Cation Embedded into a [7]Helicene-Like Backbone: Preparation and Application as a Lewis Acid Catalyst
Authors: Oestreich Martin , Gross Benjamin M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of a helically chiral carbenium ion is reported. The new motif is essentially a trityl cation embedded into a [7]helicene-like framework. The key step in its preparation establishes the π-extended fluorenone system in one step by an unprecedented palladium-catalyzed carbonylative annulation of a 4,4′-biphenanthryl-3,3′-diyl precursor. The racemic form of the new carbon Lewis acid was found to catalyze a representative set of reactions typically promoted by the trityl cation.
Radiophotoluminescence of Cu-doped silica glass derived from phase-separated sodium borosilicate glass
Authors: Takada Yuya , Yamamoto Keigo , Kinomura Atsushi , Saito Takeshi , Ichinose Nobuyuki , Okada Arifumi , Wakasugi Takashi , Kadono Kohei 
Published: March 2021

Radiophotoluminescence, one of the most interesting phenomena induced in materials by ionizing radiation, is expected to be applied for radiation measurements in various fields. The radiophotoluminescence of silica glasses doped with a small amount of copper was investigated after exposure to x rays and 60Co γ rays. The Cu-doped silica glasses were prepared from porous silica glass, obtained from a phase-separated borosilicate glass, through impregnation of the porous glass in Cu(NO3)2 solutions and sintering it. Among various types of defects generated in the glass by the irradiation, boron oxygen hole centers (BOHCs), i.e., holes trapped in oxygen bonded to fourfold-coordinated boron, were observed in electron spin resonance spectra. Before irradiation, a photoluminescence band attributed to the 3d94s1 → 3d10 transition of Cu+ ions was observed at 2.5 eV. The luminescence intensity increased remarkably after irradiation, and in addition, a new luminescence band at 2.1 eV appeared. The intensities of both bands increased proportionally with the irradiation dose. This was due to the conversion of Cu2+ to Cu+ ions by the capture of electrons generated by the irradiation. The luminescent decay was measured, which revealed that the lifetimes of the 2.5-eV and 2.1-eV emissions were 38 µs and 125 µs, respectively. The induced photoluminescence increased after heat treatment up to a temperature of 300 °C and decreased above 350 °C. The effects of heat treatment on the photoluminescence after irradiation and the thermal stability are discussed for BOHCs. A heat treatment of above 500 °C returned the glass near its initial state before irradiation.
All things morphology
Authors: Haag Marcia , Moradi Sedigheh , Petrovic Andrija , Rees-Miller Janie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is of course too big a promise that this volume would
deliver summaries of important work in all subfields of the vast and ancient
discipline of morphology, like a medieval street fair of arcane
morphological ideas. This is not an encyclopedia, despite the title. Rather,
we have attempted here to provide a view of where the field has been and
where it is today within a particular theoretical framework, gathering up
new and representative work in morphology by both eminent and emerging
scholars, and touching on a very wide range of topics, approaches, and
theoretical points of view. The place where the authors of these seemingly
disparate articles have a common touchstone is in their focus on a
word-based, paradigmatic approach to morphology, which was brought to
attention in the modern era by the likes of Matthews (1965), Aronoff (1976, 1994), and Anderson
(1992). The chapters of this book show that this perspective
accounts for both the independence of morphology and for its interactions
with syntax and phonology. One prominent name missing from the list of
contributors is Mark Aronoff. This is hardly an accident: this volume was
conceived as a way to shine light on the importance of his work by
contributors who in virtually all cases have collaborated with or been
mentored by Prof. Aronoff. We hope that he will be honored with the research
we have produced and see his influence in it.
The suffixing preference
Authors: Harris Alice C. , Samuel Arthur G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The suffixing preference refers to the
observation that cross-linguistically suffixes are more abundant
than prefixes (Greenberg
1963). Hawkins &
Cutler (1988) explain this preference in part by noting
that spoken word recognition relies heavily on the beginnings of
words, making it advantageous to have no prefix. To test the
Hawkins-Cutler hypothesis in Georgian, we carried out lexical
decision experiments, a standard kind of experiment in which the
participant is presented with real words and nonce words and must
identify which is which. In general, responses to Georgian words
with prefixes were more accurate and/or faster than to comparable
words with suffixes. These results suggest that prefixes may be
easier to process than suffixes, contrary to the universalist claim
stated above.
Feature-based competition
Authors: Corbett Greville G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Competition takes many forms. A newly identified
type of competition involves the featural specification of one of
the competitors as a key factor. In the particular instance treated
here, whether a given item has a competitor depends on its number
(and sometimes its person). We focus on the use of the genitive case
versus adjective-like forms in possessive expressions (broadly
understood). The data come primarily from the Slavonic languages,
where a surprising original system of possessive pronouns competing
with personal pronouns has played out rather differently through the
family. We find a variety of outcomes, from conservative to highly
innovative, with some instances of competitors settling into
different niches.
Morphomes all the way down!
Authors: Spencer Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Taking Stump’s (2016) PFM2 C(ontent)/F(orm)/R(ealized) paradigm
distinction I argue that the F/R-paradigm features are conceptually
different from C-paradigm features. C-paradigm features interface
with syntax/semantics, hence are ‘interpretable’. F-paradigm
features, by contrast, induce purely formal (morphomic)
partitionings (cf. Boyé &
Schalchli 2019), even for canonical systems (one:one
Content-Form correspondence), a reflection of the true autonomy of
inflectional morphology, ‘morphology-by-itself’. The C-paradigm
features are a subset of Sadler
& Spencer’s (2001) ‘s(yntactic)-features’. Canonical
Content-Form correspondence is achieved by typing features as m- and
s-features.
A primer for linguists on the reading wars
Authors: Battistella Edwin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As linguists and teachers, we may be asked our
opinions on contentious issues of reading instruction such as
phonics versus whole language. This chapter reviews debates about
reading instruction in the United States, introducing the relevant
concepts, issues, research, and personalities to linguists. The
chapter begins with a look at pre-nineteenth century views on
reading and nineteenth and early twentieth century practices. The
mid-twentieth century publication of Why Johnny Can’t
Read led to renewed interest in phonics and in
linguistics-based reading materials. At the same time, another
linguistically-inspired approach, whole language, was being
proposed. Today, we have a politically fraught landscape of what are
often described as ‘reading wars.’ The chapter ends with a set of
recommendations for navigating this landscape.
In situ measurement of electron emission yield at silicon dioxide surfaces exposed to argon plasmas
Authors: Sobolewski Mark A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Plasma simulations require accurate yield data to predict the electron flux that is emitted when plasma-exposed surfaces are bombarded by energetic particles. One can measure yields directly using particle beams, but it is impractical to create a separate beam of each particle produced by typical plasmas. In contrast, measurements made in situ, during plasma exposure, provide useful values for the total emitted flux produced by all incident particles. Here, in situ measurements were performed in a radio-frequency (rf) biased, inductively coupled plasma (icp) system in 0.67 Pa and 1.33 Pa (5 mTorr and 10 mTorr) of argon gas. The rf current and voltage across the sheath adjacent to the rf-biased electrode were measured, along with Langmuir probe measurements of ion current density and electron temperature. The measurements are input into a numerical sheath model, which allows the emitted electron flux to be distinguished from other current mechanisms. The effective yield, i.e., the ratio of the total emitted electron flux to the incident ion flux, is also determined, as a function of incident ion energy. Results for the effective yield of a sputter-deposited SiO2 film are reported and compared with previous work. The measured effective yield can be considered the yield from Ar+ kinetic emission, which, in these experiments, dominates other emission processes. From additional literature data, emission yields for other processes—incident photons, Ar metastables, fast Ar atoms, and Ar+ potential emission—are recommended and are shown to be consistent.
Using cyclotron radiation emission for ultra-high resolution x-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Kazkaz K , Woollett N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) is an approach to measuring the energy of an electron trapped in an externally applied magnetic field. The bare electron can come from different interactions, including photoelectric absorption, Compton scatters, beta decay, and pair production. CRES relies on measuring the frequency of the electron’s cyclotron motion, and because the measurement times extend over 106–107 cycles, the energy resolution is on the order of a single electronvolt. To date, CRES has only been performed on internal beta-emitting radioisotopes, but the technology can be applied to x-ray spectrometery through appropriate selection of a target gas and sufficient intensity of the distinct x-ray source. The applications of this technology range from high-precision measurements of atomic energy levels to calibrations of basic science experiments, to trace element identification. In this work we explore the use of CRES for x-ray spectroscopy within the rubric of measuring the energy levels of argon. Though the energy levels of argon are well established, we adopt this motivation as an example question around which a detector may be designed. The issues we explore include target material, density, electron trapping depth, noise levels, and overall efficiency. We also discuss spectral deconvolution and how the multiple peaks obtained from a single target/source pair can be used to enhance the robustness of the measurement.
Two model equations with a second degree logarithmic nonlinearity and their Gaussian solutions
Authors: Liu Cheng-Shi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the paper, we try to study the mechanism of the existence of Gaussian waves in high degree logarithmic nonlinear wave motions. We first construct two model equations which include the high order dispersion and a second degree logarithmic nonlinearity. And then we prove that the Gaussian waves can exist for high degree logarithmic nonlinear wave equations if the balance between the dispersion and logarithmic nonlinearity is kept. Our mathematical tool is the logarithmic trial equation method.
Combining direct current and kilohertz frequency alternating current to mitigate onset activity during electrical nerve block
Authors: Eggers Thomas , Kilgore Joseph , Green David , Vrabec Tina , Kilgore Kevin , Bhadra Niloy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Electrical nerve block offers the ability to immediately and reversibly block peripheral nerve conduction and would have applications in the emerging field of bioelectronics. Two modalities of electrical nerve block have been investigated—kilohertz frequency alternating current (KHFAC) and direct current (DC). KHFAC can be safely delivered with conventional electrodes, but has the disadvantage of having an onset response, which is a period of increased neural activation before block is established and currently limits clinical translation. DC has long been known to block neural conduction without an onset response but creates damaging reactive species. Typical electrodes can safely deliver DC for less than one second, but advances in high capacitance electrodes allow DC delivery up to 10 s without damage. The present work aimed to combine DC and KHFAC into a single waveform, named the combined reduced onset waveform (CROW), which can initiate block without an onset response while also maintaining safe block for long durations. This waveform consists of a short, DC pre-pulse before initiating KHFAC. Approach. Simulations of this novel waveform were carried out in the axonal simulation environment NEURON to test feasibility and gain insight into the mechanisms of action. Two sets of acute experiments were then conducted in adult Sprague–Dawley rats to determine the effectiveness of the waveform in mitigating the onset response. Main results. The CROW reduced the onset response both in silico and in vivo. The onset area was reduced by over 90% with the tested parameters in the acute experiments. The amplitude of the DC pulse was shown to be particularly important for effective onset mitigation, requiring amplitudes 6–8 times the DC block threshold. Significance. This waveform can reliably reduce the onset response due to KHFAC and could allow for wider clinical implementation of electrical nerve block.
Fluctuation-induced inward particle flux during L–I–H transition on HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Wu J. , Lan T. , Ding W.X. , Zhuang G. , Yu C.X. , Xu M. , Nie L. , Wu J.R. , Sheng H.G. , Chen W. , Yu L.M. , Cheng J. , Yan L.W. , Deng T.J. , Xu H.Q. , Zhu J.F. , Zhang S. , Mao W.Z. , Yu Y. , Sun X. , Liu A.D. , Xie J.L. , Li H. , Duan X.R. , Liu W.D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The inward particle flux associated with the global long-lived mode (LLM) during the L–I–H transition on HL-2A tokamak has been measured. The inward particle flux arises from the phase change between density and radial velocity fluctuations, where density and velocity fluctuations are strongly correlated with magnetic fluctuations of LLM. Moreover, the radial velocity and its gradient rather than poloidal flow shear play an important role in particle transport associated with the large-scale mode. The strong nonlinear coupling between LLM and ambient turbulence has been confirmed, and this may contribute to most of the inward particle flux in the LLM during the I-phase state.
Braess’ paradox in the age of traffic information
Authors: Bittihn S , Schadschneider A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Braess paradox describes the counterintuitive situation that the addition of new roads to road networks can lead to higher travel times for all network users. Recently we could show that user optima leading to the paradox exist in networks of microscopic transport models. We derived phase diagrams for two kinds of route choice strategies that were externally tuned and applied by all network users. Here we address the question whether these user optima are still realized if intelligent route choice decisions are made based upon two kinds of traffic information. We find that the paradox still can occur if the drivers (1) make informed decisions based on their own past experiences or (2) use traffic information similar to that provided by modern navigation apps. This indicates that modern traffic information systems are not able to resolve Braess’ paradox.
UMAP Based Data Validity Evaluation for Artificial Intelligence Systems
Authors: Son Hanseong , Lim Hyemin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although comparison is one of the most useful data validity evaluation method, it has a few potential drawbacks. One of them is that results from the training or the testing a machine learning model shall be obtained. Another one is that uncertainty due to the machine learning model itself may cause a difficulty in evaluating the data validity. In this paper, a new data validity evaluation method was proposed so that these drawbacks can be made up by the proposed method. The proposed method enables a data validity evaluation to be performed in data collection phase or data pre-processing phase. Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) offers the methodological background to the proposed method.
Conceptual Basis of Cognitive Mimetics for Information Engineering
Authors: Saariluoma Pertti , Karvonen Antero , Kujala Tuomo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Intelligent information processing is topical in modern technology design and development. The fundamental idea was developed by Turing as he made the first conceptual models of information-processing computers. Though it has practically never been noticed, Turing’s work was a model of how to mimic human intelligent information processes and generate technologies, which can carry out intelligent tasks. The design method can be called cognitive mimetics as it imitates human information processes to design technologies and their applications. One can use cognitive mimetics even in solving techno-ethical problems. This is why we think that cognitive mimetics are vital as a method to generate intelligent information processes.
Decision-making System Based on The Ontology of The Choice Problem
Authors: Stryzhak Oleksandr , Horborukov V’yacheslav , Prychodniuk Vitalii , Franchuk Oleg , Chepkov Roman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The complexity of the decision-making process for experts in various topics is in the problem of initial processing of unstructured information. This problem of Big data requires the latest solutions that provide a structural reflection and integrative use of information descriptions under consideration by experts. It takes the process of information and analytical evaluation and decision-making beyond one subject area and raises questions about the ontological consideration of the problem itself. The ontological principles of such consideration are based on multiple hyperproperties of information for the realization of the categories of integration, systematicity and continuity, as well as implementation of structures and their functionality reflection and transformation. For this, there is the ontology of the problem of rational choice based on means of a ranking of alternatives on a set of indicators. It provides the creation of a system designed to solve the ranking problem based on the ontological model of the subject area. Hyperproperties of ontological representation of large amounts of information ensure the implementation of meta-tasks of its analysis, its structuring, synthesis, and support the process of rational choice. Such an approach creates the conditions for optimal processing of a Big Data.
The Design and Implementation of Quantum Finance-based Hybrid Deep Reinforcement Learning Portfolio Investment System
Authors: Qiu Yitao , Liu Rongkai , Lee Raymond S T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of Deep Learning (DL) and Reinforcement Learning (RL), Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has become one of the leading trends in automatic trading. However, research of RL in portfolio investment has difficulties in distributing investment funds, controlling profit and loss, and exploring the unseen environment. This paper introduces an intelligent portfolio investment system based on the integration of DRL, Quantum Finance Theory (QFT). Our proposed system consists of two agents: 1) A trading agent based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm to generate continuous actions for investment weighting; and 2) A risk-control agent based on Policy Gradient (PG) algorithm produces discrete actions according to each day’s Quantum Price Levels (QPLs). One significant merit of integrating two intelligent agents is that they can cooperate to make more reasonable and stable fund distribution adjustments in the portfolio investment. The experimental results reflect the flexibility and robustness of our system, as it achieves considerable profits in back-tests consisting of various combinations of FOREX products.
(Source code is available at: https://github.com/772435284/QF-portfolio-investment-system)
Implementation of Multiple Precision Sparse Matrix-vector Multiplication on CUDA using ELLPACK Format
Authors: Isupov Konstantin , Babeshko Ivan , Krutikov Alexander 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we implement sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) kernels in the ELLPACK format on graphics processing units using arithmetic libraries supporting multiple precision on CUDA. We evaluate the performance of the developed kernels and also provide an optimized SpMV implementation in which multiple precision floating-point operations are split into several parts, each of which is executed as a separate kernel. Experimental evaluation with various matrices from real-world applications and at various levels of numeric precision shows that, in many cases, the optimized multiple precision SpMV performs better than the other implementations considered.