bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electroencephalography Spectral Edge Frequency (SEF) and Patient State Index (PSI)-Guided Propofol-Remifentanil Anesthesia on Delirium After Laparoscopic Surgery: The eMODIPOD Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang E. , Wang Lu , Ye Chunyan , Luo Ning , Zhang Yanrong , Zhong Yugui , Zhu Maoen , Zou Yu , Li Qian , Li Longyan , Song Zongbin , Luo Hui , Dai Feng , Liu Hong , Gelb Adrian W. , Guo Qulian , Meng Lingzhong ,   for the eMODIPOD Research Group
Published: December 2021

Background:
The effect of SedLine electroencephalography (EEG)-guided anesthetic care on postoperative delirium (POD) has not been studied.

Methods:
This single-center randomized EEG Monitoring tO Decrease the Incidence of Post-Operative Delirium (eMODIPOD) trial involved 1560 patients aged 50 years or above undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Propofol-remifentanil anesthesia was guided either by SedLine (EEG-guided care, n=779) or not (usual care, n=781). The goal of EEG-guided care was to maintain spectral edge frequency between 10 and 15 and patient state index (PSI) between 25 and 50. The primary outcome was the incidence of POD on postoperative days 1 to 5. The secondary outcomes included emergence delirium, composite moderate-to-severe complications, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit admission, 30-day hospital readmission and all-cause mortality, and intraoperative awareness.

Results:
Of the 1560 randomized patients, 1545 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The median propofol administered for anesthesia maintenance was 900 mg and 1000 mg in the EEG-guided and usual care groups, respectively (P=0.21). POD occurred in 1.0% (8/771) and 1.2% (9/774) of patients in the EEG-guided and usual care groups, respectively (risk ratio: 0.89; 95% confidence interval: 0.35-2.30). There were no between-group differences in all secondary outcome measures. Emergence delirium occurred in 11.8% (91/771) and 13.2% (102/774) of the EEG-guided care and usual care groups, respectively (risk ratio: 0.90; 95% confidence interval: 0.69-1.17; P=0.41). Three patients from each group reported intraoperative awareness.

Conclusions:
Compared with usual care, SedLine spectral edge frequency-guided and patient state index-guided propofol-remifentanil anesthetic care neither alters anesthetic delivery nor decreases the unexpected low incidence of POD in relatively young Chinese patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.
Osteoarticular Salmonella infections in healthy children
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Lei Min , Huang Baoxing , Deng Jikui , Zheng Lei , Wang Qian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Osteoarticular infections caused by Salmonella spp. are rare. Salmonella osteomyelitis is more common in children with underlying chronic diseases or immunodeficiency, but is rare in previously healthy children.

Patient concerns:
Six previously healthy children with Salmonella osteoarticular infections were admitted to our hospital. Identification and characterization of the isolates were also performed and correlated with the clinical findings.

Diagnosis:
The predominant symptoms were fever, pain, and swelling. Three patients were diagnosed with osteomyelitis (including 2 with left humerus, 1 with left tibia), 1 patient with osteoarthritis (elbow, right), and 2 patients with septic arthritis (knee joint, right).

Interventions:
Surgical drainage was performed in all children, and the aspirates were subsequently cultured. Intravenous antibiotic therapy combined with surgical drainage of purulent material is necessary to eradicate the infection.

Outcomes:
A 2-year follow-up showed good healing in all six children after clinical interventions.

Conclusion:
Osteoarticular infections caused by Salmonella have no distinctive features, clinical manifestations, or radiological characteristics. Intravenous antibiotics combined with surgical debridement/drainage are necessary for eradication of the bacteria.
Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy by Vestibular Approach for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Intraoperatively Invading Strap Muscle
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Hau , Nguyen Xuan Hien , Nguyen Thanh Long , Pham Tuan Dat , Le Van Quang 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) has become increasingly popular in the surgical treatment of thyroid cancer. However, its application in T3b disease has not been well-defined.

Methods:
We conducted a quasi-experimental study on patients with an intraoperative diagnosis of T3bN0M0 differentiated thyroid carcinoma from January 2019 to January 2021 in our institution. Surgical and early oncological outcomes were assessed.

Results:
Among 326 patients who underwent TOETVA for thyroid cancer, 12 cases had T3bN0M0 disease intraoperatively. The mean operation time was 136.67±7.32 minutes, with 7.17±0.83 mL of blood loss. No patients reported symptoms of postoperatively transient hypoparathyroidism, mental nerve, or recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. After radioactive iodine therapy, all patients had undetectable thyroglobulin, negative antithyroglobulin, and normal neck ultrasound.

Conclusions:
TOETVA seems to be a surgically and oncological safe method for differentiated thyroid cancer patients with small tumors invading strap muscle intraoperatively. The patients can be well-managed with endoscopic total thyroidectomy and postoperative radioactive iodine therapy. Further studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed to provide more solid evidence.
A Leak-Free Head-Out Plethysmography System to Accurately Assess Lung Function in Mice
Authors: Bruggink Stephanie , Kentch Kyle , Kronenfeld Jason , Renquist Benjamin J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMice are a valuable model for elegant studies of complex, systems-dependent diseases, including pulmonary diseases. Current tools to assess lung function in mice are either terminal or lack accuracy. We set out to develop a low-cost, accurate, head-out variable-pressure plethysmography system to allow for repeated, non-terminal measurements of lung function in mice. Current head-out plethysmography systems are limited by air leaks that prevent accurate measures of volume and flow. We designed an inflatable cuff that encompasses the mouse’s neck preventing air leak. We wrote corresponding software to collect and analyze the data, remove movement artifacts, and automatically calibrate each dataset. This software calculates inspiratory/expiratory volume, inspiratory/expiratory time, breaths per minute, enhanced pause, mid-expiratory flow, and end-inspiratory pause. To validate the use, we established our plethysmography system accurately measured tidal breathing, the bronchoconstrictive response to methacholine, sex and age associated changes in breathing, and breathing changes associated with house dust mite sensitization. Our estimates of volume, flow, and timing of breaths are in line with published estimates, we observed dose-dependent decreases in volume and flow in response to methacholine (P < 0.05), increased lung volume and decreased breathing rate with aging (P < 0.05), and that house dust mite sensitization decreased tidal volume and flow (P <0.05) while exacerbating the methacholine induced increases in inspiratory and expiratory time (P < 0.05). We describe an accurate, sensitive, low-cost, head-out plethysmography system that allows for longitudinal studies of pulmonary disease in mice.New & NoteworthyWe describe a variable-pressure head-out plethysmography system that can be used to assess lung function in mice. A balloon cuff that inflates around the mouse’s neck prevents air leak, allowing for accurate measurements of lung volume and air flow. Custom software facilitates system calibration, removes movement artifacts, and eases data analysis. The system was validated by measuring tidal breathing, responses to methacholine, and changes associated with house dust mite sensitization, sex, and aging.Contributions to StudyStephanie Bruggink: development of head-out plethysmography chamber, measurement of breathing, data analysis, prepared manuscriptKyle Kentch: development of head-out plethysmography chamber, programmed software to collect and analyze data, prepared manuscriptJason Kronenfeld: development of tools to analyze data, analysis of dataBenjamin Renquist: development of head-out plethysmography chamber, statistical analysis, prepared manuscript
Genomic dissection of the bacterial population underlyingKlebsiella pneumoniaeinfections in hospital patients: insights into an opportunistic pathogen
Authors: Gorrie Claire L. , Mirceta Mirjana , Wick Ryan R. , Judd Louise M. , Lam Margaret M. C. , Gomi Ryota , Abbott Iain J. , Thomson Nicholas R. , Strugnell Richard A. , Pratt Nigel F. , Garlick Jill S. , Watson Kerrie M. , Hunter Peter C. , Pilcher David V. , McGloughlin Steve A. , Spelman Denis W. , Wyres Kelly L. , Jenney Adam W. J. , Holt Kathryn E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniaeis a major cause of opportunistic healthcare-associated infections, which are increasingly complicated by the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenem resistance. We conducted a year-long prospective surveillance study ofK. pneumoniaeclinical isolates identified in a hospital microbiological diagnostic laboratory. Disease burden was two-thirds urinary tract infections (UTI; associated with female sex and age), followed by pneumonia (15%), wound (10%) and disseminated infections/sepsis (10%). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed a diverse pathogen population, including other species within theK. pneumoniaecomplex (18%). Several infections were caused byK. variicola/K. pneumoniaespecies hybrids, one of which showed evidence of nosocomial transmission, indicating fitness to transmit and cause disease despite a lack of acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A wide range of AMR phenotypes were observed and, in most cases, corresponding mechanisms were identified in the genomes, mainly in the form of plasmid-borne genes. ESBLs were correlated with presence of other acquired AMR genes (median 10). Bacterial genomic features associated with nosocomial onset of disease were ESBL genes (OR 2.34, p=0.015) and rhamnose-positive capsules (OR 3.12, p<0.001). Virulence plasmid-encoded features (aerobactin, hypermucoidy) were rare (<3%), and mostly present in community-onset cases. WGS-confirmed nosocomial transmission was rare (10% of cases) but strongly associated with ESBLs (OR 21, p<1×10-11). We estimate 28% risk of onward nosocomial transmission for ESBL-positive strains vs 1.7% for ESBL-negative strains. These data indicate the underlying burden ofK. pneumoniaedisease in hospitalised patients is due largely to opportunistic infections with diverse strains. However, we also identified several successful lineages that were overrepresented but not due to nosocomial transmission. These lineages were associated with ESBL, yersiniabactin, mannose+ K loci and rhamnose- K loci; most are also common in public clinical genome collections, suggesting enhanced propensity for colonisation and spread in the human population.
Wide Diversity of Recombinant Noroviruses Circulating in Spain, 2016 to 2020
Authors: Navarro-Lleó Noemi , Santiso-Bellón Cristina , Vila-Vicent Susana , Carmona-Vicente Noelia , Gozalbo-Rovira Roberto , Rodríguez-Díaz Jesús , Buesa Javier 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTNoroviruses are the leading cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis. For more than 20 years most norovirus infections have been caused by the pandemic genotype GII.4, yet recent studies have reported the emergence of recombinant strains in many countries. In the present study, 4,950 stool samples collected between January 2016 and April 2020 in Valencia (Spain) from patients with acute gastroenteritis were analyzed to investigate the etiological agent. Norovirus was the most frequently detected enteric virus with a positive rate of 9.5% (471/4,950). Among 224 norovirus strains characterized, 175 belonged to genogroup GII and 49 to genogroup GI. Using dual genotyping based on sequencing the ORF1/ORF2 junction region we detected 25 different capsid-polymerase type associations. The most common GII capsid genotype was GII.4 Sydney 2012, followed by GII.2, GII.3, GII.6 and GII.17. A high prevalence of recombinant strains (90.4%) was observed among GII infections between 2018 and 2020. GII.4 Sydney[P16] was the predominant genotype from 2019 to 2020. In addition, GII.P16 polymerase was found harboring within six different capsid genes. A new subcluster of GII.4 Sydney associated with the P31 polymerase was identified by phylogenetic analysis. GI.4 and GI.3 were the predominant genotypes in genogroup GI, in which recombinant strains were also found, such as GI.3[P10], GI.3[P13] and GI.5[P4]. Interestingly, the GI.3[P10] strain could represent a new capsid genotype. This study shows the extensive diversity of recombinant noroviruses circulating in Spain and highlights the role of recombination events in the spread of noroviruses.
Trial-by-trial fluctuations in amygdala activity track motivational enhancement of desirable sensory evidence during perceptual decision-making
Authors: Paterson Ren , Lyu Yizhou , Leong Yuan Chang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPeople are biased towards seeing outcomes that they are motivated to see. For example, sports fans often perceive the same ambiguous foul in favor of the team they support. Here, we test the hypothesis that motivational biases in perceptual decision-making arise from amygdala-dependent biases in sensory processing. Human participants were rewarded for correctly categorizing an ambiguous image into one of two categories while undergoing fMRI. On each trial, we used a financial bonus to motivate participants to see one category over another. The reward maximizing strategy was to perform the categorizations accurately, but participants were biased towards categorizing the images as the category we motivated them to see. Heightened amygdala activity was associated with motivation consistent categorizations, and tracked trial-by-trial enhancement of neural activity in sensory cortices that was specific to the desirable category. Analyses using a drift diffusion model provide converging evidence that trial-by-trial amygdala activity was associated with stronger biases in the accumulation of sensory evidence. Prior work examining biases in perceptual decision-making have focused on the role of frontoparietal regions. Our work highlights an important contribution of the amygdala. When people are motivated to see one outcome over another, the amygdala biases perceptual decisions towards those outcomes.
I-M-150847, a novel GLP-1 and GIP receptor dual agonist, improves glycemic control and reduces obesity in the rodent model of type 2 diabetes and obesity
Authors: Bauri Rathin , Bele Shilpak , Edelli Jhansi , Reddy Neelesh C. , Kurukuti Sreenivasulu , Devasia Tom , Ibrahim Ahamed , Rai Vishal , Mitra Prasenjit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report the discovery of a novel unimolecular glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor dual agonist that exhibits potent glycemic control and weight loss in diet-induced obese mice. The dual agonism of GLP-1 and GIP receptor was achieved by replacing the tryptophan cage of exendin-4 with the C-terminal undecapeptide sequence of oxyntomodulin along with a single amino acid substitution from histidine to tyrosine at the amino terminus of the peptide. The structural modification places lysine 30 of the novel incretin agonist in frame with the corresponding lysine residue in the native GIP sequence. The novel incretin receptor dual agonist, named I-M-150847, induces rapid redistribution of GLP-1R at the plasma membrane following activation ensuring the maintenance of the receptor in a sensitized state. I-M-150847 promotes glucose-stimulated insulin exocytosis in cultured pancreatic beta cells and augments insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse adipocytes. Chronic administration of I-M-150847 enhances insulin sensitivity, improves glycemic control, and achieves significant weight loss relative to the control or exendin-4-treated DIO-mice demonstrating the therapeutic efficacy of dual agonist in ameliorating type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.Significance statement.Replacement of the Trp-cage with the C-terminal oxyntomodulin undecapeptide along with the tyrosine substitution at the amino terminus converts the selective GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 to a novel GLP-1R and GIPR dual agonist I-M-150847.The GLP-1R and GIPR dual agonist I-M-150847 induces the expeditious redistribution of GLP-1R at the plasma membrane following initial activation thereby maintaining the receptor in a sensitized state.The incretin receptor dual agonist I-M-150847 enhances insulin sensitivity and delivers superior glycemic control and weight loss compared to exendin-4 in the rodent model of diabetes and obesity.Graphical Abstract:
Development of CuidaTEXT: a text message intervention to support Latino dementia family caregivers
Authors: Perales-Puchalt Jaime , Acosta-Rullán Mariola , Ramírez-Mantilla Mariana , Espinoza-Kissell Paul , Vidoni Eric D. , Niedens Michelle , Ellerbeck Edward F. , Hinton Ladson , Loera Linda , Ramírez A. Susana , Lara Esther , Watts Amber , Williams Kristine , Resendez Jason , Burns Jeffrey 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the development of CuidaTEXT: a tailored text message intervention to support Latino dementia family caregivers.MethodsCuidaTEXT is informed by the Stress Process Framework and Social Cognitive Theory. We developed and refined CuidaTEXT using a mixed-method approach that included thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. We followed six user-centered design stages, including the selection of design principles, software vendor collaboration, evidence-based foundation, caregiver and research/clinical advisory board guidance, sketching and prototyping, and usability testing among five Latino caregivers.ResultsCuidaTEXT is a bilingual 6-month long intervention tailored to caregiver needs that includes: 1) 1-3 daily automatic messages (n=244) about logistics, dementia education, self-care, social support, end-of-life, care of the person with dementia, behavioral symptoms and problem-solving strategies; 2) 783 keyword-driven text messages for further help with the above topics; 3) live chat interaction with a coach for further help; 4) a 19-page reference booklet summarizing the purpose and functions of the intervention. CuidaTEXT’s prototype scored 97 out of 100 in the System Usability Scale.ConclusionsCuidaTEXT’s prototype demonstrated high usability among Latino caregivers. CuidaTEXT’s feasibility is ready to be tested.Clinical ImplicationsCuidaTEXT’s usability and its potential for widespread implementation holds promise in supporting Latino caregivers.
Quantitative Mapping of Keratin Networks in 3D
Authors: Windoffer Reinhard , Schwarz Nicole , Yoon Sungjun , Piskova Teodora , Scholkemper Michael , Stegmaier Johannes , Bönsch Andrea , Di Russo Jacopo , Leube Rudolf E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMechanobiology requires precise quantitative information on processes taking place in specific 3D microenvironments. Connecting the abundance of microscopical, molecular, biochemical and cell mechanical data with defined topologies has turned out to be extremely difficult. Establishing such structural and functional 3D maps needed for biophysical modeling is a particular challenge for the cytoskeleton, which consists of long and interwoven filamentous polymers coordinating subcellular processes and interactions of cells with their environment. To date, useful tools are available for the segmentation and modeling of actin filaments and microtubules but comprehensive tools for the mapping of intermediate filament organization are still lacking. In this work, we describe a workflow to model and examine the complete 3D arrangement of the keratin intermediate filament cytoskeleton in epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. Numerical models are derived from super resolution 3D imaging of fluorescence-tagged keratin filaments. They are interrogated and annotated at different length scales using different modes of visualization including immersive virtual reality. In this way, information is provided on network organization at the subcellular level including mesh arrangement, density and isotropic configuration as well as details on filament morphology such as bundling, curvature and orientation. We show that the comparison of these parameters helps to identify, in quantitative terms, similarities and differences of keratin network organization in epithelial cell types defining subcellular domains, notably basal, apical, lateral and perinuclear systems. The described approach and the presented data are pivotal for generating mechanobiological models that can be experimentally tested.
Root membrane ubiquitinome under short-term osmotic stress
Authors: Berger Nathalie , Demolombe Vincent , Hem Sonia , Rofidal Valérie , Steinmann Laura , Krouk Gabriel , Crabos Amandine , Nacry Philippe , Verdoucq Lionel , Santoni Véronique 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOsmotic stress can be detrimental to plants, whose survival relies heavily on proteomic plasticity. Protein ubiquitination is a central post-translational modification in osmotic mediated stress. Plants use the ubiquitin (Ub) proteasome system to modulate protein content, and a role for Ub in mediating endocytosis and trafficking plant plasma membrane proteins has recently emerged. In this study, we used the K-ε-GG antibody enrichment method integrated with high-resolution mass spectrometry to compile a list of 719 ubiquitinated lysine (K-Ub) residues from 450 Arabidopsis root membrane proteins (58% of which are transmembrane proteins), thereby adding to the database of ubiquitinated substrates in plants. Although no Ub motifs could be identified, the presence of acidic residues close to K-Ub was revealed. Our ubiquitinome analysis pointed to a broad role of ubiquitination in the internalization and sorting of cargo proteins. Moreover, the simultaneous proteome and ubiquitinome quantification showed that ubiquitination is mostly not involved in membrane protein degradation in response to short osmotic treatment, but putatively in protein internalization as described for the aquaporin PIP2;1. Our in silico analysis of ubiquitinated proteins shows that two E2 Ub ligases, UBC32 and UBC34, putatively target membrane proteins under osmotic stress. Finally, we revealed a positive role for UBC32 and UBC34 in primary root growth under osmotic stress.
An effective workshop on “How to be an Effective Mentor for Underrepresented STEM Trainees”
Authors: Marshall Andrea G. , Palavicino-Maggio Caroline B. , Spencer Elsie , Vue Zer , Beasley Heather , Garza-Lopez Edgar , Brady Lillian , Conley Zachary , Neikirk Kit , Murray Sandra , Martinez Denise , Shuler Haysetta , Morton Derrick , Hinton Antentor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite an increase in programming to promote persons excluded by their ethnicity or race (PEER) scholars, minorities remain underrepresented in many STEM programs. The academic pipeline is largely leaky for underrepresented minority (URM) scholars due to a lack of effective mentorship. Many URM students experience microaggressions and discrimination from their mentors due to a lack of quality mentorship training. In this workshop, we provide a framework for how to be an effective mentor to URM trainees. Mentees, especially URM trainees, can flourish in effective mentoring environments where they feel welcomed and can comfortably develop new ideas without feeling threatened by external factors. Effective mentoring environments provide motivational support, empathy, cultural competency, and training.