bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Learning Targets on Assessment Tasks
Authors: Fadhil Kawthar Hameed 
Published: March 2021

Before starting teaching, teachers must establish the needs of the learners and this could be done best by determining or recognizing the learning targets which should be clearly stated and there should be matching between the learning targets and the assessment tasks. Learning targets are the interim academic goals that teachers establish for students who are working toward meeting more comprehensive learning standards.
Despite the importance of the learning targets in leaning and teaching in general and for assessemnet tasks in particular , most teachers donot realize this or ignore it or may be donot know how to write learning targets and matching them with the assessment tasks. This study is an attempt to present a framework for understanding the importance of learning targets where they play an integral role in teaching and learning and in assessment tasks .The study also tries to draw the intention to an important view which is involving students by sharing them the learning targets and self assessment.
Consequently ,the major aims of this study are to :
1.explore the effect of learning targets on assessment tasks and to

present a model of writibg learning targets according to Bloom’s cognitive domain and machibg them with the assessment tasks.

In order to achieve the aims of the study , the following procedures are going to be followed :
1.carry out theoretical review related to learning targets and assessment ,providing satisfactory definitions and identifying types and the importance of them ,
2.survey the most prominent taxonomies for educational targets ,
3.investigate the effect of learning targets on assessment tasks,
4.apply Bloom’s taxonomy to write a model of matching learning targets with the assessment tasks.
It is hoped that this study will be beneficial to EFL teachers of English language since it deals with two important points that affect the process of learning and teaching :the leaning targets and assessment which fall under applied linguistics.
مفهوم الضيق في القرآن الكريم (دراسة موضوعية)
Authors: Al-Kubaisi Dr. Amer Sabah Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

إن الله تعالى قد بعث نبيه محمد (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) على فترة من الرسل وقلة من العلم وضلالة من الجهل ودنو من الساعة وقرب من الأجل، وخصه بجوامع الكلم كما أكرمه بأكرم معجزة تخضع لها البشرية الغابرة والمعاصرة ألا وهو كلام الله الذي ]لا يأتيه الباطل من بين يديه ولا من خلفه تنزيلُ من حكيمٍ حميدٍ[ (فصلت:42). فكان يتلو القرآن ويعلمه ويفهمه للصحابة الكرام (رضى الله عنهم ) ومن حرصهم لا يقرؤون آية إلا بتفهم وتدبر الآية التي قبلها إلى أن صان الله هذا القرآن في صدور الرجال لفظاً ومعنى.ولما كان للقرآن الأهمية البالغة في مواضيعه ومفاهيمه أحببت أن أقف على ساحله محاولاً كشف بعض جوانب تلك المفاهيم اقتداءً بهؤلاء السلف الكريم. ولما تمعنت في آيات القرآن الكريم وقفت على آيات الضيق تحت دراسة موضوعية علمية شاملة، وذلك لأن الضيق وما يحدث عنه من ويلات وأزمات للنفس وما تسببه من كوارث ونفاذ الصبر وما ينتج عنه من بلاء وعناء, يحتاج لمزيد اهتمام وبحث في آيات القرآن الكريم التي تتكلم عنه. فحّثنا القرآن الكريم على التأسي بالأنبياء الكرام عليهم الصلاة والسلام في معالجة مثل تلك الأمراض التي تتعرض لها البشرية إزاء تلك الصراعات التي جلبت عليها النفوس سابقاً ولاحقاً.
Quranic readings by Ragheb Asfahani in his book Words of the Quran
Authors: ALSheikh M. M. Ali Mohammed Ali Shafiq 
Published: March 2021

AL- ragheb AL Isfahani adopted the reading as adesire to strengthen his liguistic views depended in this course a ccompanies linguistic and he may leave some vocabulary which had been cited by implication in some of the opinions of (Mutazilah) and speakers and the Grammarians without exaggeration and he mentioned many poets and linguists . But he did not imitate others in his eethod except his alphabetical order in the organization of the meanings of the words that he mentioned.AL- Ragheb Al Isfahani did not seek out the readers and their readings, but he relied much on what was known and knew them. And from their readings in his brief interpretation did not distinguish between the correct readings and the abnormal, there for many of the two readings were investigated with examples of the classification of the Quranic verses and its means using the two readings and the extent of histestimony and Ididnot ignore some of his response so I found that it is necessary to clarify the concepts of the correct reading and the abnormal the case and I must explain why the adoption of the desired readings, Through the presentation of examples of how to show how he got use in his book and what he said or mentioned the interpretation and tried to ask some of the facilitation of the creation of the correct reading and the abnormal and mention the readers.
Urban Development and its Negative Reflections on The Problem of Housing and Shortage of Housing in Bagdad City
Authors: Iltaif Prof. Dr. Basheer Ibrahem , Ahmed Dr. Areej Bahjat 
Published: March 2021

The residential use is considered one of the most important uses of main urban lands .There is no city in our contemporary world without houses .Housing is an urban appearance that reflects the stage of interaction of societies with the environment .That mean the residence may change in its form and function due to the changes that occurs according to the technologic and economic development and changing of many human behavior manners. Thus the manners and stages of city development are changed due to the change of its morphologic stages .But healthy residence provided by all basic services (potablewater,electricity , sanitation …..) as well as the necessity of the house connecting with streets within the city with providing integrated system of wastes disposal. Thus the suitable residence becomes the main aim of the housing policies for the world countries.
Cognitive management and the possibility of its application and development: A case study of the central library in Mustansiriya University
Authors: Shimal Inst. sienaa 
Published: March 2021

The research aims to diagnose the reality of cognitive Management in the Central Library at the University of Sulaymaniyah, and to identify the level of awareness for the management of knowledge among workers in the library. The researcher followed the documentary approach in the theoretical side and the case study method in the practical side, as has been the adoption of the questionnaire as a key tool in the search was distributed on (31) employees exited the study results of several most important:

The lack of a responsible party means to oversee operations and knowledge management accounting (16%) .
The training is the most prominent ways to develop the application of knowledge management in the library from the perspective of employees through their participation in training courses.
The Mental Mindfulness and Its Relationship to Decision Making by University’s Learners
Authors: Maki Assist. Prof. Dr. Lateef Ghaze , Mohammad Researcher. Alaa 
Published: March 2021

This present study aims to recognize mental mindfulness concept among university learners, decision making concept among them, statistical significant differences according to gender variable and the power and the attitude of correlation between mental mindfulness and decision making among university students.
The sample consisting of (300) students, (150) from Arabic department and (150) from English deportment who were selected randomly and the researcher concludes to the following results:
1-The sample- according to the comparison between enthmelic mean and hypothetical one –(Arabic and English deportments) characterizing with mental mindfulness at (0,05) signifying level
2- The sample- according to the comparison between esthetic mean and hypothetical one- characterizing with decision making process at (0,05) significant level.
The Evaluation of curriculum and methods of teaching public book According to the Teachers of Fine Arts Institute
Authors: Ameen Azhar Qassm  Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

The current research aims at evaluating the Book of curriculums and Genera- Teaching Methods according to the view of male and female teachers in the Fine Art Institute. The sample of the research includes all male and female teachers for the academic year 2015-2016 in the general directorate of Education/ Karkh/1 / morning study. The society of research amounted 30 teachers for the subject of general teaching methods.The researcher has used a tool for exposing the research ; she has prepared and developed it in form of questionnaire concerning with male and female teachers ; it includes 57 items concerning with the rectification of the general teaching methods of second- stage students of Fine Arts . The items have included the fields ( introduction, goals , content , activities and methods of teaching , questions ( end of every chapter) and the artistic form of the book). In respect to exposing the results, it has been considered percentage weight after responding inquiries of teachers for every item. Results of the research are as follows:

The content of the book is exposed in form of chapters where scientific accuracy prevails ; it includes diverse activities that help the students boost their understanding toward the subject.
Means and activities have not given an opportunity of participation of all students.
Satisfaction of the job and its relationship to the healthy behavior among professors of Basic Education College
Authors: Hadi Dr. Ibtisam Radhi 
Published: March 2021

The study aims to identify the job’s satisfaction among teachers Basic Education College. And the reasons behind the differences in job satisfaction according to the type variable. The present study examines the health behavior according to the type of a variable. The sample of the study includes the professors of Faculty of Basic Education Mustansiriya University from both genders, for the academic year (2014 -2015). The numbers of respondents are reached (200). The researcher has built a career satisfaction and scales health behavior which are extracted for two statistical properties. The results are shown that the differences between males and females in job satisfaction and in favor of males. The Basic Education Teachers College follows a healthier behavior in their lives. In addition to that there are no differences between males and females to pursue healthy behavior. There is a presence of significant correlation between the scores of the sample on the job satisfaction scale and grades on a scale health behavior. The Results of the research reflect a number of recommendations and suggestions.
The development of self-concept in children
Authors: Smoaay Assist. Inst. Fadia Fakhry 
Published: March 2021

The goal of the current research is to identify the Self-Concept for children according to the age of (5, 6, and 7 years). These variable1 can be shown as follow:
A - Age (5, 6, and 7) years .
B - Gender (male - female)
The present study shows that there is no statistically significant differences between the averages of the age of children (5, 6, and 7) years in self-concept, and sex variable (male - female) .The research sample consists of (230) boys and girls, they have been selected by class style randomly from kindergarten and elementary schools affiliated to Al Rusafa in the province of Baghdad.
For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research ,the researchers formulaes a suitable instrument for the research sample, so the researcher uses a tool to measure the evolution of self-concept in children aged (5, 6 and 7) years, it was rely on the theory of Carl Rogers and some previous studies on this concept, which was to reach for five dimensions to measure self-concept that includes ( Physical-self dimension, mental-self dimension, social-self dimension, emotional-self dimension, moral-self dimension) .
This tool consists of (42) paragraph, that reflects the truth of virtual scale, discrimination paragraphs, in addition it is distinguishing the relationship between the paragraph degree with the total degree of the standard, and the link of the paragraph degree with the area degree, and it has been verified the stability of the standard by re-testing it, which was (0.75), and coefficient of Alvacrobach, in order to calculate the stability of (internal consistency) for the standard which was (0.84), which makes the standard ready for the final application.
Establishing Standard in Artistic Sense For the Admission of Musical Arts Department Students In the Fine Arts Institutes In Iraq
Authors: Lazim Assist. Lect. Fadhil Aram 
Published: March 2021

The study tries to establish standard in artistic sense which helping the Musicians (teachers) to give admission for the applicant students in the Institutes of Fine Arts In Iraq. The study aims at:
1- Establishing, as mentioned above, standard in artistic sense for the Admission of musical arts students in Iraq.
2- Applying the proposed standard on the first stages students of Musical Arts Departments in Iraq. More specifically, the study is restricted on the first stages in musical arts Departments and their teachers in Rusafa and Karkh Fine Arts Institutes, Respectively evening and morning studies in Baghdad. The standard samples are implemented on the teaching staffs whom Have been intentionally chosen from the College of Fine Arts- University of Baghdad and Fine Arts Institute in Al_karkh. Whereas the practical Appliance was the questionnaire for collecting the data. The questionnaire Includes (25) items, including (9) for skills field, (10) for scientific, and (6) for cultural ones.
The researcher uses the statistical methods to get the results. The StudyAlso reveals many other results and conclusions, and accordingly the Researcher gives his recommendations and suggestions.
The Criterion of Human Rational at The Prophet Mohamed
Authors: Al- Jazairi Dr. Ali Fakhir Mohsen 
Published: March 2021

The research consists of two parts and conclusion which mentions the results, The first part explination of research which deols with the problem of the research and its importance.

The subject of the research according to the researcher didn’t present previously, with the great importance of the subject.
The importance of definition of the criterion of human rational at prophet Mohamed (s.a.a.s) as an introduction to practice and converted as reality.

The researcher mentioned that allah warship by the mind, and the believer be aware when ten qualities he should have:
The goodness is prospective form him. The evil is safe form him. In creasing the li hle of goodness form other. Reduced the goodness form himself. He doesn't tired from science. He doesn't tired set upset from The demand . Humiliation is hear to him form glory. Poverity is hear to him form the rich. His shave form life is the food. He doesn't sew any one unless he says this one (human) is bether form me.The target of the research is the criterion of human rational at the prophe Mohamed:

The reaearch depends on the analytic method inorder to improve the research target.
The second part of the study deals with the improve the reality of prophetic talks inorder to explain the criterion of human rational at the prophet Mohamed.
Impact of the strategies of the six-dimensional and the programmed curve on the performance of fifth grade students in the subject of Arabic rhetoric
Authors: Al-Moussawi. Inst. Dr. Mohammed Hatem 
Published: March 2021

The current research investigates the effect of the six-dimensional and the programmed curve strategies on the performance of fifth graders in the Arabic Rhetoric. The sample consisted of 60 students from the junior high school students for the academic year (2016-2017). To apply the experience, the researcher used an exploratory sample that consisted of 30 students from the research community itself. The researcher taught the three research groups himself. To analyze data, the researcher used Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
Online Learning and Motivational Strategies in the Backdrop of COVID-19: An EFL Perspective on Teachers and Students’ Perceptions at Tertiary Level in Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Mamona Yasmin Khan  , Syeda Ailya Raza  , Dr. Masroor Sibtain  
Published: March 2021

Keeping in view the significant role of E-Learning during COVID-19 and psychological issues of students and teachers resulting from the abrupt shift of teaching-learning mode to online, it is imperative to have a good understanding of motivational strategies being employed in EFL classes during this period. The present research being descriptive is designed to explore the perceptions of Pakistani teachers and learners about motivational strategies used in EFL classrooms during emergency remote learning. The frameworks of Dornyei and Csize´s model of Motivation in the EFL context (1998) and for E-Learning Computer Assisted Language Learning via Videoconferencing by Davies (2008) have been adopted. Following the pragmatic paradigm, a mixed-method study was designed and data was collected through an online survey from one hundred students and interviews from five university-level teachers. The findings revealed that teachers were more inclined to adopt and favor a student-centered approach to keep the EFL learners motivated, by maintaining a cooperative E-Learning environment, through using CALL’s Web-based approach of Videoconferencing and by extracting students’ responses. Students, on the other hand, were found to be reluctant to take initiative; the reason may be the psychological trauma caused by the quarantine period during the first wave of COVID-19. The implications of the study will instill a new insight for researchers and language learners to consider the scenario of the COVID-19 Pandemic as a blessing in disguise, acting as a foundation stone towards digital advancement, in the Pakistani E-Learning context in general and in the E-EFL context in Particular.
Research on Material Language in the Renovation of Existing Industrial Buildings
Authors: Mo Shilong , Xu Kaixuan 
Published: March 2021

Since the 1990s, China has implemented the policy of “suppress the second industry and develop the third industry” in order to promote the adjustment of social and economic structure, and thus the industry has begun to face industrial transformation. As time goes by, the material language of the existing industrial buildings gradually conveys a broken, desolate expressiveness, which makes people have a certain “sense of fright caused by the fracture of time”, and it has also brought negative impacts to the shaping of the image of a beautiful city. Therefore, we need to re-understand the expression methods of materials in existing industrial buildings according to the needs of the new era.
Louis Kahn once said, “It is easier for materials to reveal the existence of meaning than space, and materials are easier to decode and illustrate. The rich texture and color of materials make it easier to perceive and grasp by human senses and has a more direct meaning than space.” Therefore, this paper explains the material types (material vocabulary) in the renovation of existing industrial buildings in China, and then through the analysis of related cases, derives the strategy and methods for the renovation of existing industrial buildings in China (materials pragmatics).
Global visual confidence
Authors: Lee Alan L. F. , de Gardelle Vincent , Mamassian Pascal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVisual confidence is the observers’ estimate of their precision in one single perceptual decision. Ultimately, however, observers often need to judge their confidence over a task in general rather than merely on one single decision. Here, we measured the global confidence acquired across multiple perceptual decisions. Participants performed a dual task on two series of oriented stimuli. The perceptual task was an orientation-discrimination judgment. The metacognitive task was a global confidence judgment: observers chose the series for which they felt they had performed better in the perceptual task. We found that choice accuracy in global confidence judgments improved as the number of items in the series increased, regardless of whether the global confidence judgment was made before (prospective) or after (retrospective) the perceptual decisions. This result is evidence that global confidence judgment was based on an integration of confidence information across multiple perceptual decisions rather than on a single one. Furthermore, we found a tendency for global confidence choices to be influenced by response times, and more so for recent perceptual decisions than earlier ones in the series of stimuli. Using model comparison, we found that global confidence is well described as a combination of noisy estimates of sensory evidence and position-weighted response-time evidence. In summary, humans can integrate information across multiple decisions to estimate global confidence, but this integration is not optimal, in particular because of biases in the use of response-time information.
Can activated long-term memory maintain serial order information?
Authors: Kowialiewski Benjamin , Lemaire Benoît , Majerus Steve , Portrat Sophie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe maintenance of serial order information is a core component of working memory (WM). Many theoretical models assume the existence of specific serial order mechanisms. Those are considered to be independent from the linguistic system supporting maintenance of item information. This is based on studies showing that psycholinguistic factors strongly affect the ability to maintain item information, while leaving order recall relatively unaffected. Recent language-based accounts suggest, however, that the linguistic system could provide mechanisms that are sufficient for serial order maintenance. A strong version of these accounts postulates serial order maintenance as emerging from the pattern of activation occurring in the linguistic system. In the present study, we tested this assumption via a computational modeling approach by implementing a purely activation-based architecture. We tested this architecture against several experiments involving the manipulation of semantic relatedness, a psycholinguistic variable that has been shown to interact with serial order processing in a complex manner. We show that this activation-based architecture struggles to account for interactions between semantic knowledge and serial order processing. This study fails to support activated long-term memory as an exclusive mechanism supporting serial order maintenance.