bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of breeding signatures in wheat using a linkage disequilibrium-corrected mapping approach
Authors: Dadshani Said , Mathew Boby , Ballvora Agim , Mason Annaliese S. , Léon Jens 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMarker assisted breeding, facilitated by reference genome assemblies, can help to produce cultivars adapted to changing environmental conditions. However, anomalous linkage disequilibrium (LD), where single markers show high LD with markers on other chromosomes but low LD with adjacent markers, is a serious impediment for genetic studies. We used a LD-correction approach to overcome these drawbacks, correcting the physical position of markers derived from 15 and 135 K arrays in a diversity panel of bread wheat representing 50 years of breeding history. We detected putative mismapping of 11.7% markers and improved the physical alignment of 5.4% markers. Population analysis indicated reduced genetic diversity over time as a result of breeding efforts. By analysis of outlier loci and allele frequency change over time we traced back the 2NS/2AS translocation ofAegilops ventricosato one cultivar, “Cardos” (registered in 1998) which was the first among the panel to contain this translocation. A “selective sweep” for this important translocation region on chromosome 2AS was found, putatively linked to plant response to biotic stress factors. Our approach helps in overcoming the drawbacks of incorrectly anchored markers on the wheat reference assembly and facilitates detection of selective sweeps for important agronomic traits.
Using smart speakers to contactlessly monitor heart rhythms
Authors: Wang Anran , Nguyen Dan , Sridhar Arun R. , Gollakota Shyamnath 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeart rhythm assessment is indispensable in diagnosis and management of many cardiac conditions and to study heart rate variability in healthy individuals. We present a proof-of-concept system for acquiring individual heart beats using smart speakers in a fully contact-free manner. Our algorithms transform the smart speaker into a short-range active sonar system and measure heart rate and inter-beat intervals (R-R intervals) for both regular and irregular rhythms. The smart speaker emits inaudible 18–22 kHz sound and receives echoes reflected from the human body that encode sub-mm displacements due to heart beats. We conducted a clinical study with both healthy participants and hospitalized cardiac patients with diverse structural and arrhythmic cardiac abnormalities including atrial fibrillation, flutter and congestive heart failure. Compared to electrocardiogram (ECG) data, our system computed R-R intervals for healthy participants with a median error of 28 ms over 12,280 heart beats and a correlation coefficient of 0.929. For hospitalized cardiac patients, the median error was 30 ms over 5639 heart beats with a correlation coefficient of 0.901. The increasing adoption of smart speakers in hospitals and homes may provide a means to realize the potential of our non-contact cardiac rhythm monitoring system for monitoring of contagious or quarantined patients, skin sensitive patients and in telemedicine settings.
Cell-autonomous immune gene expression is repressed in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cai Ling , Liu Hongyu , Huang Fang , Fujimoto Junya , Girard Luc , Chen Jun , Li Yongwen , Zhang Yu-An , Deb Dhruba , Stastny Victor , Pozo Karine , Kuo Christin S. , Jia Gaoxiang , Yang Chendong , Zou Wei , Alomar Adeeb , Huffman Kenneth , Papari-Zareei Mahboubeh , Yang Lin , Drapkin Benjamin , Akbay Esra A. , Shames David S. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Wang Tao , Johnson Jane E. , Xiao Guanghua , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Minna John D. , Xie Yang , Gazdar Adi F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is classified as a high-grade neuroendocrine (NE) tumor, but a subset of SCLC has been termed “variant” due to the loss of NE characteristics. In this study, we computed NE scores for patient-derived SCLC cell lines and xenografts, as well as human tumors. We aligned NE properties with transcription factor-defined molecular subtypes. Then we investigated the different immune phenotypes associated with high and low NE scores. We found repression of immune response genes as a shared feature between classic SCLC and pulmonary neuroendocrine cells of the healthy lung. With loss of NE fate, variant SCLC tumors regain cell-autonomous immune gene expression and exhibit higher tumor-immune interactions. Pan-cancer analysis revealed this NE lineage-specific immune phenotype in other cancers. Additionally, we observed MHC I re-expression in SCLC upon development of chemoresistance. These findings may help guide the design of treatment regimens in SCLC.
Identification of PSMD7 as a prognostic factor correlated with immune infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Si , Yu Siwei , Wang Jiulong , Cheng Zhigang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Recurrent locally advanced or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with dismal prognosis because of its highly invasive behavior and resistance to conventional intensive chemotherapy. The identification of effective markers for early diagnosis and prognosis is important for reducing mortality and ensuring that therapy for HNSCC is effective. Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 7 (PSMD7) is an ATP-independent component of the 19S regulatory subunit. The prognostic value of PSMD7 and the association with immune infiltration in HNSCC remains unclear.
Methods: The Sangerbox, Oncomine, UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases were used to examine PSMD7 expression profiles in HNSCC. The CVCDAP was used to analysis the association of PSMD7 with the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. The mechanism was investigated with gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The association between expression of PSMD7 and immune infiltration in HNSCC was investigated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), TISIDB database and CIBERSORT algorithm.
Results: PSMD7 expression was significantly up-regulated in HNSCC compared with relative normal tissues. In addition, up-regulated PSMD7 expression was associated with various clinicopathological parameters. High expression of PSMD7 suggested inferior survival of HNSCC patients. GSEA and CERES score indicated that PSMD7 was closely correlated with tumor-related signaling pathways and cell survival. Functional analyses revealed that PSMD7 was positively correlated with various infiltration levels. Moreover, PSMD7 influenced the prognosis of HNSCC patients partially via immune infiltration.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PSMD7 is associated poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC and plays an important role in tumor-related immune infiltration.
Mechanisms and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Baik Alan H. , Tsai Katy K. , Oh David Y. , Aras Mandar A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImmunotherapies have greatly expanded the armamentarium of cancer-directed therapies in the past decade, allowing the immune system to recognize and fight cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), in particular, have revolutionized cancer treatment and have demonstrated survival benefit in numerous types of cancer. These monoclonal antibodies increase anti-cancer immunity by blocking down-regulators of adaptive immunity, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and its ligand (PD-L1), resulting in anti-tumor activity. As ICIs increase immune system activation, they can cause a wide range of inflammatory side effects, termed immune-released adverse events. Though these toxicities can affect nearly any organ, the most fatal toxicity is myocarditis. Here, we discuss the diverse spectrum of cardiovascular toxicities associated with ICI use. In addition, we provide insight and future directions on mechanisms and treatments for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) involving the myocardium, pericardium, vasculature, and conduction system.
Symmetrical double‐loop H‐field probe with floating shield for improving sensitivity and electric field suppression
Authors: Liu Jiesheng , Xiao Meizhen , He Xiao , Fang Wenxiao , Shao Weiheng , Huang Quan , Lu Guoguang , Wang Lei , Huang Yun , En Yunfei , Yao Ruohe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA magnetic near‐field probe (H‐field probe) with dual output has been developed using a four‐layer printed circuit board (PCB) technique. To achieve the improvement of detection sensitivity, the symmetrical double‐loop is adopted to double the detection signal while suppressing the electric field coupling, which is also illustrated in a circuit model. The calibration factor (defined as the ratio of the external magnetic field to the induced response voltage of the probe) of the proposed H‐field probe reaches 37.74 [dB (A/m)/V] at 0.5 GHz with the loop area of 0.8 mm2, resulting in a better sensitivity than the single‐loop probe. For the suppression of unwanted electric field a floating shield is added to the bottom of the probe, leading to an excellent common electric field suppression ratio of 29 dB in the frequency range up to 10 GHz. The probe is also characterised by parameters such as high differential electric field suppression, spatial resolution and probe influence on the device under test.
The aftermath of nova Centauri 2013 (V1369 Centauri)
Authors: Mason Elena , Shore Steven N. , Drake Jeremy , Howell Steve B. , Kuin Paul , Magaudda Enza 
Published: March 2021

Context.Classical nova progenitors are cataclysmic variables and very old novae are observed to match systems with high mass transfer rates and (relatively) long orbital periods. However, the aftermath of a classical nova has never been studied in detail.Aims.We intend to probe the aftermath of a classical nova explosion in cataclysmic variables and observe as the binary system relaxes to quiescence.Methods.We used multiwavelength time-resolved optical and near-infrared spectroscopy for a bright, well-studied classical nova five years after outburst. We were able to disentangle the contribution of the ejecta at this late epoch using its previous characterization, separating the ejecta emission from that of the binary system.Results.We determined the binary orbital period (P = 3.76 h), the system separation, and the mass ratio (q ≳ 0.17 for an assumed white dwarf mass of 1.2M⊙). We find evidence of an irradiated secondary star and no unambiguous signature of an accretion disk, although we identify a second emission line source tied to the white dwarf with an impact point. The data are consistent with a bloated white dwarf envelope and the presence of unsettled gas within the white dwarf Roche lobe.Conclusions.At more than 5 years after eruption, it appears that this classical nova has not yet relaxed.
Focal-plane-assisted pyramid wavefront sensor: Enabling frame-by-frame optical gain tracking
Authors: Chambouleyron V. , Fauvarque O. , Sauvage J.-F. , Neichel B. , Fusco T. 
Published: March 2021

Aims. With its high sensitivity, the pyramid wavefront sensor (PyWFS) is becoming an advantageous sensor for astronomical adaptive optics (AO) systems. However, this sensor exhibits significant non-linear behaviours leading to challenging AO control issues.
Methods. In order to mitigate these effects, we propose to use in addition to the classical pyramid sensor a focal plane image combined with a convolutive description of the sensor to fast track the PyWFS non-linearities, the so-called optical gains (OG).
Results. We show that this additional focal plane imaging path only requires a small fraction of the total flux while representing a robust solution to estimating the PyWFS OG. Finally, we demonstrate the gain that our method brings with specific examples of bootstrapping and handling non-common path aberrations.
Komplexe Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung und arbeitsbezogene Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster
Authors: Brenner Lorena , Härtter Charlotte , Bachem Rahel , Knaevelsrud Christine , Köllner Volker 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Es ist davon auszugehen, dass eine komplexe Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (kPTBS) nach ICD-11 die Betroffenen auch im beruflichen Bereich beeinträchtigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht daher, ob zwischen Patienten mit positivem Screening auf eine kPTBS, Patienten mit positivem Screening auf eine PTBS und Patienten mit negativem Screening auf Traumafolgestörungen Unterschiede bezüglich ihrer arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster (AVEM) bestehen.
Methodik Teilnehmer waren 566 Patienten einer psychosomatischen Rehabilitationsklinik (Alter M=50,96, SD 8,73 Jahre; 70,3% weiblich). Die Teilnehmer bearbeiteten zu Beginn ihres stationären Aufenthalts Selbstbeurteilungs-/ Screeninginstrumente. Univariate Varianzanalysen wurden eingesetzt, um Gruppenunterschiede in den arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltens- und Erlebensmustern zu beurteilen. Der AVEM erfasst auf 11 Dimensionen gesundheitsförderliche bzw. -gefährdende Verhaltens- und Erlebensweisen bei der Bewältigung von Arbeits- und Berufsanforderungen.
Ergebnisse Auf 8 von 11 AVEM-Dimensionen zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen „kein Verdacht“ und „kPTBS“. Die Gruppen „PTBS“ und „kPTBS“ unterscheiden sich signifikant auf den Dimensionen „Resignationstendenzen“, „Offensive Problembewältigung“ und „Lebenszufriedenheit“. Die Gruppen „kein Verdacht“ und „PTBS“ unterschieden sich hingegen nicht signifikant.
Diskussion Patienten mit Verdacht auf kPTBS stellen im Arbeitskontext eine besonders belastete Patientengruppe dar. Es erscheint inhaltlich plausibel, dass die in der ICD-11 für die kPTBS formulierten Probleme im Bereich der Selbstorganisation zu den gefundenen problematischen Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster führen können.
Schlussfolgerung Dies spricht dafür, dass für Patienten mit kPTBS spezielle Interventionen im Rahmen der medizinisch-beruflich orientierten Rehabilitation sinnvoll sind, um diese Defizite zu kompensieren und die Teilhabe am Erwerbsleben zu erhalten.
Electrical Cardiometry and Cardiac Biomarkers in 24-h and 48-h Ultramarathoners
Authors: Liu Che-Hung , Li Li-Hua , Chang Ming-Long , Kao Wei-Fong , How Chorng-Kuang , Lai Jiun-I , Lin Yen-Kuang , Chiu Yu-Hui , Chang Wen-Han 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur study aimed to (i) utilize novel electrical cardiometry and observe acute changes in cardiac biomarkers among 24-h and 48-h ultra-marathoners, and (ii) examine whether alterations in cardiac responses were associated with the average running speed of these participants. Twenty-four 24-h and sixteen 48-h ultra-marathoners were recruited. Electrical cardiometry in the 2 groups showed significant post-race drops in systolic pressure (24-h: p=0.001; 48-h: p=0.016) and rapid increases in heart rate (24-h, p=0.004; 48-h, p=0.001). Cardiac output increased in 48-h runners (p=0.012) and stroke volume decreased in 24-h runners (p=0.009) at post-test. Six of 20 (30%) 24-h and 4 of 16 (25%) 48-h runners had high-sensitivity troponin T values above the reference interval after the races. N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide levels showed a 15-fold increase in 24-h runners and a 10-fold increase in 48-h runners at post-race. There was a positive correlation between delta N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide and running mileage (rs=0.629, p=0.003) in 24-h ultra-marathoners. In conclusion, stroke volume and cardiac output showed inconsistent changes between the 2 groups. Average running speed has a significant effect on post-exercise elevation in cardiac biomarkers.
High-Dose Epinephrine Enhances Platelet Aggregation at the Expense of Procoagulant Activity
Authors: Aliotta Alessandro , Bertaggia Calderara Debora , Zermatten Maxime G. , Alberio Lorenzo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlatelet activation is characterized by shape change, granule secretion, activation of fibrinogen receptor (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) sustaining platelet aggregation, and externalization of negatively charged aminophospholipids contributing to platelet procoagulant activity. Epinephrine (EPI) alone is a weak platelet activator. However, it is able to potentiate platelet activation initiated by other agonists. In this work, we investigated the role of EPI in the generation of procoagulant platelets. Human platelets were activated with convulxin (CVX), thrombin (THR) or protease-activated receptor (PAR) agonists, EPI, and combination thereof. Platelet aggregation was assessed by light transmission aggregometry or with PAC-1 binding by flow cytometry. Procoagulant collagen-and-THR (COAT) platelets, induced by combined activation with CVX-and-THR, were visualized by flow cytometry as Annexin-V-positive and PAC-1-negative platelets. Cytosolic calcium fluxes were monitored by flow cytometry using Fluo-3 indicator. EPI increased platelet aggregation induced by all agonist combinations tested. On the other hand, EPI dose-dependently reduced the formation of procoagulant COAT platelets generated by combined CVX-and-THR activation. We observed a decreased Annexin-V-positivity and increased binding of PAC-1 with the triple activation (CVX + THR + EPI) compared with CVX + THR. Calcium mobilization with triple activation was decreased with the higher EPI dose (1,000 µM) compared with CVX + THR calcium kinetics. In conclusion, when platelets are activated with CVX-and-THR, the addition of increasing concentrations of EPI (triple stimulation) modulates platelet response reducing cytosolic calcium mobilization, decreasing procoagulant activity, and enhancing platelet aggregation.
A Single-Center Experience with the Olympus ORBEYE 4K-3D Exoscope for Microsurgery of Complex Cranial Cases: Technical Nuances and Learning Curve
Authors: Muscas Giovanni , Battista Francesca , Boschi Andrea , Morone Francesca , Della Puppa Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The introduction of exoscopes in neurosurgery has been welcomed due to their maneuverability, ergonomics, and low-profile frame. 3D devices have further enabled a better stereoscopic visualization. Reports on their application, albeit more and more frequent, are still at their beginning stages. We present our experience with the Olympus ORBEYE 4K-3D exoscope for major cranial procedures. The strengths and weaknesses of the exoscope are presented, and the nuances associated with the learning curve are illustrated.
Methods Over 2 weeks, patients undergoing surgery for major cranial pathologies were offered to participate in this evaluation of the Olympus ORBEYE 4K-3D exoscope. Information on the use of the exoscope was collected to assess the features and struggles in the learning curve. A comparison with the operating microscope was made.
Results Fourteen patients with different intracranial pathologies were operated on with the exoscope. No surgery-related complications occurred. The microsurgical part was performed with the exoscope in six cases. The exoscope was used for 72.9% (±37.5%) of the whole microsurgical time vs. 27.1% (±37.5%) microscope time (p = 0.02).
Conclusion The Olympus ORBEYE 4K-3D exoscope represents a useful evolution of the operating microscope. It requires time to overcome potential difficulties, mostly related to previous motor schemes acquired with operating microscopes. Its features could represent the basis for a paradigm shift in microsurgery.
Treatment for Hemifacial Spasm Associated with a Dissecting Vertebral Artery Aneurysm Requiring Microvascular Decompression in Addition to Endovascular Trapping: A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Ko Hak-cheol , Lee Seung Hwan , Shin Hee Sup , Koh Jun Seok 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The treatment protocol for hemifacial spasm (HFS) associated with dissecting vertebral artery aneurysm (DVAA) has not been established.
Case Description A-42-year-old man with left HFS underwent endovascular trapping for a DVAA that was identified on brain imaging. Although the dissecting segment was treated successfully, the HFS persisted for 3 months, and subsequently microvascular decompression (MVD) was needed. The posteroinferior cerebellar artery (PICA) was found to be interposed between the root exit zone of the facial nerve and DVAA during surgery. After pulling out the PICA, the HFS ceased immediately.
Conclusion HFS associated with DVAA should be considered carefully before formulating a treatment strategy. Moreover, the cause of pulsatile compression may not be visible on brain imaging, and MVD surgery may be indicated in such cases.
Novel Focal Therapeutic Hypothermia Device for Treatment of Acute Neurologic Injury: Large Animal Safety and Efficacy Trial
Authors: Carlstrom Lucas P. , Perry Avital , Graffeo Christopher S. , Dai Daying , Ding Yong H. , Jakaitis Daniel R. , Lu Aiming , Rodgers Seth , Kreck Thomas , Hoofer Kelly , Gorny Krzysztof R. , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective Therapeutic hypothermia is a potentially powerful and controversial clinical tool for neuroprotection following acute neurologic pathology, particularly vascular injury. Indeed, therapeutic hypothermia remains a standard of care for postcardiac arrest ischemia and acute neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, improving both survival and outcomes. Although therapeutic hypothermia remains promising for cellular and systems-based neuronal protection in other neurologic injury states, the systemic side effects have limited clinical utility, confounded analysis of potential neurologic benefits, and precluded the completion of meaningful clinical trials.
Methods To address such limitations, we developed and tested a novel, minimally invasive, neurocritical care device that employs continuous circulation of cold saline through the pharyngeal region to deliver focal cerebrovascular cooling. We conducted a preclinical safety and efficacy trial in six adult porcine animals to assess the validity and functionality of the NeuroSave device, and assess cooling potential following middle cerebral artery occlusion (n = 2).
Results NeuroSave consistently lowered brain parenchymal temperature by a median of 9°C relative to core temperature within 60 minutes of initiation, including in ischemic cerebral parenchyma. The core body temperature experienced a maximal reduction of 2°C, or 5% of body temperature, with no associated adverse effects identified.
Conclusion The present study uses a large animal preclinical model to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of a novel, noninvasive device for the induction of robust and systemically safe hypothermia within the brain.
Primary Calvarial Ewing Sarcoma: A Case Series
Authors: Mohindra Sandeep , Tripathi Manjul , Batish Aman , Kapoor Ankur , Patil Ninad Ramesh , Mahendru Shaurya , Ahuja Chirag , Chatterjee Debajyoti 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Calvarial Ewing tumor is a relatively rare differential among bony neoplasms. We present our experience of managing primary calvarial Ewing sarcoma (EWS), highlighting their clinical and radiological findings.
Method In a retrospective analysis, we evaluated our 12-year database for pathologically proven EWS. A literature search was conducted for the comparative presentation and update on the management and outcome.
Result From January 2008 to December 2020, we managed eight patients (male:female = 5:3; age range 6 months to 19 years, mean 11.5 years) harboring primary calvarial EWS. All cases underwent wide local excision; two patients required intradural tumor resection, while one required rotation flap for scalp reconstruction. Mean hospital stay was 8 days. All patients received adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy. Three patients remained asymptomatic at 5 years of follow-up, while two patients died.
Conclusion Primary calvarial EWS is a rare entity. It usually affects patients in the first two decades of life. These tumors can be purely intracranial, causing raised intracranial pressure symptoms, which may exhibit rapidly enlarging subgaleal tumors with only cosmetic deformities or symptoms of both. Radical excision followed by adjuvant therapy may offer a favorable long-term outcome.