bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warez
Authors: Eve Martin Paul 
Published: December 2021

When most people think of piracy, they think of Bittorrent and The Pirate Bay. These public manifestations of piracy, though, conceal an elite worldwide, underground, organized network of pirate groups who specialize in obtaining media – music, videos, games, and software – before their official sale date and then racing against one another to release the material for free.
Warez: The Infrastructure and Aesthetics of Piracy is the first scholarly research book about this underground subculture, which began life in the pre-internet era Bulletin Board Systems and moved to internet File Transfer Protocol servers (“topsites”) in the mid- to late-1990s. The “Scene,” as it is known, is highly illegal in almost every aspect of its operations. The term “Warez” itself refers to pirated media, a derivative of “software.” Taking a deep dive in the documentary evidence produced by the Scene itself, Warez describes the operations and infrastructures an underground culture with its own norms and rules of participation, its own forms of sociality, and its own artistic forms. Even though forms of digital piracy are often framed within ideological terms of equal access to knowledge and culture, Eve uncovers in the Warez Scene a culture of competitive ranking and one-upmanship that is at odds with the often communalist interpretations of piracy.
Broad in scope and novel in its approach, Warez is indispensible reading for anyone interested in recent developments in digital culture, access to knowledge and culture, and the infrastructures that support our digital age.
Políticas Públicas y formación situada. Desafíos del distanciamiento
Authors: Mariela Mariela , Blasco Daniela 
Published: December 2021

Este artículo está pensado como un encuentro, una conversación, entre quienes están escribiendo y un convite a quienes lo lean para formar parte del diálogo, que puedan interpelar las palabras, acompañando estas ideas con experiencias propias. Se intenta generar una conversación desde la trama que habilita a las dimensiones educación, prácticas pre profesionales y extensionistas, contextos y políticas públicas.
Se hace referencia a las prácticas pre profesionales, aquellas que estudiantes de todos los campos desarrollan previo a su graduación, aunque enfocado principalmente en el área social y en el escenario educativo de la crisis sanitaria por pandemia. Con base a la experiencia que se desarrolló en el año 2020, se reflexionan las vivencias en el vínculo específico de las instituciones académicas – con sus docentes, investigadores, extensionistas y estudiantes – en relación a efectores específicos de políticas públicas. Esta experiencia parte de una articulación con un área puntual del Estado Provincial de Córdoba, en Argentina, la Secretaría de Niñez, Adolescencia y Familia.
A partir de este análisis de caso, se establecen algunas vinculaciones entre el aspecto político de la educación y los necesarios diálogos de saberes entre universidades y territorios, en una trama que se pretende reflexiva.
Extensión Universitaria en la Educación Superior y su vinculación con sociedad –Estado: referentes esenciales para la transformación social
Authors: Castilla Karla Patricia , Mendoza Castro Concepción , Solano Galeano Luz Marina 
Published: December 2021

En la actualidad, la extensión universitaria es reconocida como la mejor expresión de integración creativa de la universidad-sociedad y su vínculo idóneo con el estado, por lo que existe la posibilidad de hacer de esta función un eje importante de la acción de la comunidad universitaria, como el hilo conductor del compromiso social de la Universidad, por ende, todos sus programas adquieren una extraordinaria relevancia en el quehacer de la UNAN Managua.
La vinculación de la universidad con la Política de extensión universitaria y sociedad consiste en el conjunto de acciones y procesos académicos ejecutados por los departamentos en cooperación con sectores externos a la universidad, como el Estado, los gobiernos locales, los sectores productivos y la sociedad civil, orientados a resolver problemas y ejecutar programas y proyectos que tengan impactos positivos en la localidad, región y país, así como en la formación profesional de los estudiantes.
Finalmente, el objetivo de este artículo, es establecer el contexto del desarrollo de la extensión Universitaria de la UNAN-Managua, específicamente de la Facultad Multidisciplinaria de Chontales (FAREM-Chontales) y su vinculación con la sociedad y el estado, teniendo como premisas contribuir a la demanda de la sociedad que favorece al cumplimiento de los ejes del Programa Nacional de Desarrollo Humano 2018-2021
PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS TEKS PADA SISWA KELAS XI SEKOLAH INTERNASIONAL BUKIT SION
Authors: Maryani Maryani , Sinaga Handayani 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to describe the application of text-based learning to class XI students at Bukit Zion International School. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The informants in the study were Indonesian language teachers who taught in class XI and students. Data collection is done by analyzing the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), observing its implementation and interview. The approach is carried out in the context of online learning. The results showed a discrepancy between the time allocation contained in the lesson plans and the actual learning that had been carried out in class. After being confirmed, the teacher stated that the core activities lacked time so that the reviews given by the teacher after the students' presentations were not in-depth. This is because learning is done online.

Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan pembelajaran berbasis teks pada siswa kelas XI Sekolah Internasional Bukit Sion. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif. Informan dalam penelitian yaitu guru Bahasa Indonesia yang mengajar di kelas XI dan siswa. Penggumpulan data dilakukan dengan menganalisis Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), mengamati implementasinya dan wawancara. Penerapan pendekatan dilaknsaka dalam konteks pembelajaran daring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketidaksesuaian antara alokasi waktu yang terdapat pada RPP dengan pembelajaran sebenarnya yang telah dilakukan di kelas. Setelah dikonformasi guru menyatakan bahwa pada kegiatan inti kekurangan waktu sehingga ulasan yang diberikan oleh guru setelah siswa presentasi kurang mendalam. Hal ini disebabkan karena pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring.
Persepsi Ibu, Dukungan Suami dan Dukungan Tempat Kerja dengan Pemberian Asi Ekslusif pada Ibu Bekerja di CV X
Authors: Srirahayu Ningsih Erika , Sugesti Retno , Anggreni Karubuy Milka 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Failure, The success of exclusive breastfeeding is due to the working mother .The failure factor to exclusively offer breastfeeding to working mothers is due to working mothers and the unavailability of breastfeeding room facilities and lack of support from the workplace.
Objectives: The research objective was to determine the mother's perception, husband's support and workplace support by giving exclusive breastfeeding to working mothers at CV. Tri Corp Bogor Regency in 2019.
Method: The research design used was a cross sectional study. The population in this study were mothers who worked at CV. Tri Corp Bogor Regency as many as 42 people. The sample used was 43 respondents with the sampling technique with the total sampling method. Data analysis using Chi Square test.
Result: Based on the results of the investigation, it was found that 22 people were given exclusive breastfeeding (53.4%), 22 people had poor perceptions of mothers (53.4%), 23 people (54.8%) had poor support, local support good work as many as 24 people (57.1%). The statistical test results of the relationship between maternal perceptions and exclusive breastfeeding with a P value = 0.014. The relationship between partner support and exclusive breastfeeding with a P value = 0.032. The relationship between workplace support of exclusive breastfeeding with a P value = 0.011.
Conclution: The conclusion is that there is a relationship between maternal perceptions, workplace support and support by providing exclusive breastfeeding for mothers working at CV. Tri Corp Bogor Regency in 2019. Suggestions for research sites to be able to provide health workers for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers as well as increase breastfeeding space and provide exclusive breastfeeding policies for mothers with children 0-6 months.
Sustainable housing design and the natural environment
Authors: Yilmaz Meltem , Keleş Rusen 
Published: December 2021

Dr Yilmaz teaches in the Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design of the University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey,from which she has a Masters degree. She also has a Ph. D from the Department of Urban and Environmental Sciences, University of Ankara. She has presented papers on environmental problems and vernacular architecture at numerous national and international congresses, and published others in various scholarly journals.
Professor Keleş taught at Ankara University, Faculty of Political Science for many years and served as Dean of the Faculty from 1971 to1975. He was also Head of both the Ernst Reuter Center for Urban Studies and the Center for Environmental Studies at the same university. He currently teaches at the Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus. Dr Keleş has published extensively on Comparative Urbanization, Theories of Local Government, Environmental Policies, and Urban Politics. His major publications include The Politics of Urbanization: Government and Growth in Modern Turkey (with Michael N. Danielson, New York, Holmes and Meier, 1985)-, The Urban Poverty in the Third World, Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, 1988; and Housing in the Middle East (with Hiromaso Kano), Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, 1986. Dr Keles is a member of the World Society for Ekistics. The text that follows is an edited version of a paper presented at the international symposion on 'The Natural City, " Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environtmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.
A study on effective monsoon and dry spells of short return periods The Indian mountain ranges during monsoon months in two north Bengal districts
Authors: DAS A. D. , MUKHOPADHYAY S. K. 
Published: December 2021

This article uses daily rainfall data (April-October) of Cooch Behar (1971-90) and Jalpaiguri (1972-90), the two predominantly rainfed farming districts of Terai zone of West Bengal, to study the, nature of different rainfall parameters of this area. It was observed that the mean date of Onset of Effective Monsoon (OEM) of this region is about one month in advance from the normal occurrence of monsoon over Kerala. However, the monsoon rains, here, retreat at about the same time with those of Kerala. Distribution of the duration of dry spell has been studied to have some idea of the nature of critical dry spells during the monsoon season. The article also examines how prolonged, on the average, are the monsoon breaks for different return periods. Expected length of dry spell (in days) for 2, 5, 10 and 20 years return periods have been estimated with the help of suitably fitted curves for each location.
Periodicities in the time-series of the annual mean temperatures of Central England
Authors: KANE R.P. , TRIVEDI N.B. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT .Maximum Entropy spectral Analysis (MESA) of the 8IUlua1 mean temperature series for Central England for 1659-1991 indicated significant periodicilies at T = 7.8, 11.1, 12.5, 15, 18, 23, 32, 37, 68, 81, l09 and 203 years. These compare well with T = 22, 30, 80, 200 years obtained for China. Also, a good comparison is obtained with some periodicities in the sunspot number series.
Satellite-based monitoring and prediction of tropical cyclone intensity and movement
Authors: KELKAR R. R. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT. Capabilities of meteorological satellites have gone a long way in meeting requirements of synoptic analysis and forecasting of tropical cyclones. This paper shows the impact made by the satellite data in the intensity estimation and track prediction of tropical cyclones in the Indian Seas and also reviews the universally applied Dvorak algorithm for performing tropical cyclone intensity analysis.
Extensive use of Dvorak's intensity estimation scheme has revealed many of its limitations and elements of subjectivity in the analysis of tropical cyclones over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, which, like cyclones in other ocean basins, also exhibit wide structural variability as seen in the satellite imagery.
Satellite-based cyclone tracking techniques include: (i) use of satellite-derived mean wind flow, (ii) animation of sequence of satellite images and extrapolation of the apparent motion of the cloud system and (iii) monitoring changes in the upper level moisture patterns in the water vapour absorption channel imagery.
Satellite-based techniques on tropical cyclone intensity estimation and track prediction have led to very significant improvement in disaster warning and consequent saving of life and property.
Failure of Orthopaedic Residents to Voluntarily Participate in a Laboratory Skills Training
Authors: Hill Jared J. , Gulbrandsen Trevor R. , Wynn Malynda S. , Anderson Donald D. , Thomas Geb W. , Marsh J. Lawrence , Karam Matthew D. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Arthroscopy simulation is increasingly used in orthopaedic residency training. The implementation of a curriculum to accommodate these new training tools is a point of interest. We assessed the use of a high-fidelity arthroscopy simulator in a strictly voluntary curriculum to gauge resident interest and educational return.

Methods:
Fifty-eight months of simulator use data were collected from a single institution to analyze trends in resident use. Comparable data from two additional residency programs were analyzed as well, for comparison. Orthopaedic residents were surveyed to gauge interest in continued simulation training.

Results:
Average annual simulator use at the study institution was 27.7 hours (standard deviation = 26.8 hours). Orthopaedic residents spent an average of 1.7 hours practicing on the simulation trainer during the observation period. A total of 21% of residents met or exceeded a minimum of 3 hours of simulation time required for skill improvement defined by literature. Most (86%) of the residents agreed that the simulator in use should become a mandated component of a junior resident training.

Conclusion:
Although surgical simulation has a role in orthopaedic training, voluntary simulator use is sporadic, resulting in many residents not receiving the full educational benefits of such training. Implementation of a mandated simulation training curriculum is desired by residents and could improve the educational return of surgical simulators in residency training.
CHOOSING THE STYLE OF A NEW DESIGN - THE KEY SHIP DESIGN DECISION
Authors: Andrews D 
Published: December 2021

As a former senior designer of naval vessels and, more recently, a leading researcher in ship design, the author has previously presented a description of the ship design process in terms of the important decisions a ship designer makes in concept exploration. Such decision are made consciously or unconsciously in order to produce a new design or, preferably, any design option. It has been contended in many publications that the first real decision that a ship designer makes, in order to proceed, is the selection of the “style” of the design study or of a specific design option. This term was adopted in order to cover, not just a host of design issues and standards implicit in a given study, but also, at this very initial step, the overall characteristics of any particular study. So the term style could be said to be doubly important.
The current paper considers the nature of the early ship design process for complex multi-functional vessels and then retraces the origins of the particular use of the term, where it was seen as the last of the five elements in Brown and Andrews’ 1980 encapsulation of the ship design issues that matter to the naval architect, incorporated in the term “S to the 5th”. This leads on to consideration of the various aspects of design style, many of which could be considered “transversals” as they apply across the naval architectural sub-disciplines and to the component material sub-systems comprising a ship. One of the distinctive advantages of the architecturally driven ship synthesis or Design Building Block approach is that it can address many of these style issues in the earliest descriptions of an emergent design study. Examples, drawing on a range of built Royal Navy ship designs, are presented to show their top-level style characteristics, followed by a series of ship design research studies illustrating how the impact of specific component style aspects can be investigated in early stage ship design, using the UCL Design Building Block approach. Finally, recent research led investigations into integrating ship style into early stage ship design are summarized to demonstrate why the choice of “style” is seen to be The Key Ship Design Decision.
The speciation view: Disentangling multiple causes of adaptive and non‐adaptive radiation in terms of speciation
Authors: Matsubayashi Kei W. , Yamaguchi Ryo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiological diversification often includes burst of lineage splitting. Such “radiation” has been known to act as evolutionary arenas with the potential to generate unique phylogenetic clusters and further novel groups. Although these radiations when accompanied by ecological diversification, so‐called “adaptive radiation” have persisted as a central premise in evolutionary biology, the ecological and genetic mechanism of such rapid diversification has remained unclear. There are several critical definitions for the pattern of adaptive radiation, and those provide delimitation of adaptive and non‐adaptive radiation. That being said, only a few studies have provided any clear demarcations in our understanding of the adaptive and non‐adaptive causes of radiation from the mechanism of speciation. Here, we review the current consensus for the causes of adaptive radiation, especially along with the recent theoretical synthesis of “ecological speciation.” Further, we suggest the signature of adaptive and non‐adaptive radiation in the earliest stages of diversification from the viewpoint of speciation. These criteria from the speciation view are useful to find the cases with the signatures of adaptive/non‐adaptive radiation.
Spin–Orbit Torque Switching in an All‐Van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Shin Inseob , Cho Won Joon , An Eun‐Su , Park Sungyu , Jeong Hyeon‐Woo , Jang Seong , Baek Woon Joong , Park Seong Yong , Yang Dong‐Hwan , Seo Jun Ho , Kim Gi‐Yeop , Ali Mazhar N. , Choi Si‐Young , Lee Hyun‐Woo , Kim Jun Sung , Kim Sung Dug , Lee Gil‐Ho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrent‐induced control of magnetization in ferromagnets using spin–orbit torque (SOT) has drawn attention as a new mechanism for fast and energy efficient magnetic memory devices. Energy‐efficient spintronic devices require a spin‐current source with a large SOT efficiency (ξ) and electrical conductivity (σ), and an efficient spin injection across a transparent interface. Herein, single crystals of the van der Waals (vdW) topological semimetal WTe2 and vdW ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 are used to satisfy the requirements in their all‐vdW‐heterostructure with an atomically sharp interface. The results exhibit values of ξ ≈ 4.6 and σ ≈ 2.25 × 105 Ω‐1 m‐1 for WTe2. Moreover, the significantly reduced switching current density of 3.90 × 106 A cm−2 at 150 K is obtained, which is an order of magnitude smaller than those of conventional heavy‐metal/ferromagnet thin films. These findings highlight that engineering vdW‐type topological materials and magnets offers a promising route to energy‐efficient magnetization control in SOT‐based spintronics.
Spray‐Stencil Lithography Enabled Large‐Scale Fabrication of Multispectral Colloidal Quantum‐Dot Infrared Detectors
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Chen Menglu , Mu Ge , Li Jinmei , Hao Qun , Tang Xin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfrared HgTe colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attracting great interest due to their synthesis scalability, mechanical flexibility, wide spectrum tunability, and excellent photoelectric properties. However, traditional HgTe CQD infrared detector fabrication methods such as drop casting and spin coating cannot achieve spatial control of patterned CQD films, which limits their sensing range to just single waveband and greatly hinders the realization of pixelated or multispectral CQD detectors. In this paper, an efficient spray‐stencil lithography technique is demonstrated for the scalable fabrication of multichannel HgTe CQD infrared detectors that can respond to different spectral ranges. Uniform and smooth CQD films can be deposited on rigid, flexible, and curved substrates up to 4 inch wafer. Both photoconductive and photovoltaic infrared HgTe CQD detectors are fabricated with peak D* above 1011 Jones across short‐wave and mid‐wave regions and show infrared imaging with noise equivalent temperature difference down to 26.7 mK. Flexible multispectral detectors with six channels are fabricated by the proposed spray‐stencil lithography method, and experimentally demonstrate spectral sensing and chemical analysis capability. It is believed that the proposed fabrication method provides a reliable scheme for the production of high‐performance multispectral CQD infrared detector arrays.
Development of a soil test correlation and calibration database for the USA
Authors: Lyons Sarah E. , Arthur Dan K. , Slaton Nathan A. , Pearce Austin W. , Spargo John T. , Osmond Deanna L. , Kleinman Peter J. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs part of the Fertilizer Recommendation Support Tool (FRST) project, the FRST database was developed to consolidate and preserve U.S. soil test correlation and calibration data. Legacy phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil test data that met a minimum requirement were included in the database. The FRST database initially included over 1,200 individual trials from a range of years, cropping systems, geographic regions, and management practices. The FRST database is being migrated from a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to a relational database format housed within the USDA‐ARS Agricultural Collaborative Research Outcomes System (AgCROS) to be accessed via the online FRST decision support tool. Data will be continually added to the FRST database through an online submission form following peer review by the FRST team. The FRST database and associated decision support tool will aid researchers, extension associates, consultants, and farmers in improving fertilizer recommendations for crops across the United States.