bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Probiotic, Prebiotic, or Synbiotic Supplement on Children, Adolescents, or Infants: A Protocol of an Umbrella Review
Authors: Fu Shunlian 付顺链 , Zhou Qian , Yuan Lijun , Li Zi-nan , Chen Qiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Many systematic reviews and meta-analyses have studied the association between probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics and children, adolescents, or Infants. With the promotion of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics in our life and medical practice, more and more attention has been paid to them. Therefore, it is necessary to make a systematic summary of them. When the information was obtained in the identified systematic review, it will be compared with a control group that do not use probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics. In addition, our aim is to assess the quality of the included systematic reviews.Methods: We will conduct a comprehensive systematic search by summarizing systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials which have studied effect of probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic supplement on children, adolescents, or Infants. Four electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) will be searched. Two reviewers will independently screen the retrieved papers. Two reviewers will independently extract the data by reference to the JBI Data Extraction Form for Review for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. We will also assess methodological quality and assessment of certainty in the findings by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review version 2 (AMSTAR-2) and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). We will calculate the corrected covered area (CCA). We will recalculate the summary effect and 95% CIs by using fixed-effect or random-effect models.Discussion: Through quantitative and qualitative comparison by conducting an umbrella review, we hope our results will service better for future clinical practice.Systematic review registration: This protocol have finished the registration in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (registration number: CRD42021244923).
The Effect of Limbal Autograft Location at Primary Pterygium Excision on Anterior and Posterior Corneal Astigmatism: A Comparative Prospective Study
Authors: KAZANCI BURCU , Eroğlu Fatma Çorak , Şen Emine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of limbal autograft location on corneal astigmatism in inferior and superior conjunctival autografted pterygium surgery.Methods: Patients were divided into 2 groups as diagnosed with primary pterygium and planned to receive surgical treatment. Pterygium surgery was performed 25 patients with superior and 25 patients with inferior limbal autograft who have similar epidemiologic features. Cornea anterior and posterior surface keratometry (K) 1, K2, Kmax, peripheric radius (Rper) (the mean radius of curvature of the 7.0-9.0 mm ring area), refractive astigmatism and axis values, were examined. Corneal irregularity indices were the index of surface variance (ISV), index of vertical asymmetry (IVA, mm), index of height asymmetry (IHA, μm), index of height decentration (IHD, μm). The data were compared pre and postoperative and the effect of graft location on results was evaluated.Results: K1 which is from the values of the cornea front face has risen after surgery both of superior and inferior groups (p=0.011). However, no postoperative significant difference was detected in terms of the change. Otherwise, both of groups (p<0.001) have changed regarding astigmatism and Rper, but no postoperative significant difference was found in terms of the change. There were not any differences between groups regarding the changes of postoperative back face values. A significant decrease was detected on ISV, IVA, IHD values of the SLAG group (p<0.001) and ILAG group (p<0.001) in terms of all corneal anterior surface indices. However, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the results of postoperative (p>0.05).Conclusion: The effects of pterygium surgery with limbal autograft were not significant on corneal astigmatism. However, we suggest that for the cases which need the protection of bulbar conjunctiva or when it can not be used, inferior bulbar conjunctiva preference can achieve successful results.
Breathers and Rogue Waves On The Double-Periodic Background for The Reverse-Space-Time Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Zhou Huijuan , Chen Yong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The dynamic behaviors of the solutions for the reverse-space-time derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation are studied by Darboux transformation. The breathers on the periodic and double-periodic background are derived by the N -fold Darboux transformation. The rogue waves on the periodic and double-periodic background are constructed by the generalized Darboux transformation. It is worth mentioning that the breathers and rogue waves on double-periodic background based on the plane wave seed solution are first constructed. The two peak, four peak rogue waves on the double-periodic background are found. And the rogue waves on the double-periodic background can be transformed into the classical rogue wave on the plane wave background with a special reduction relation.
Altered Default Mode Network Is Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Cadasil as Revealed by Multimodal Neuroimaging
Authors: Li Panlong , Huang Qi , Ban Shiyu , Qiao Yuan , Wu Jing , Zhai Yu , Du Xiaoxia , Hua Fengchun , Su Jingjing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) caused by mutations in NOTCH3 gene is a hereditary cerebral small vessel disease, manifesting with stroke, cognitive impairment and mood disturbances. Functional or structural changes in the default mode network (DMN), which plays important roles in cognitive and mental maintenance, have been found in a number of neurological and mental diseases. However, it is still unclear whether DMN is altered in CADASIL patients.Methods: Multimodal imaging methods, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), were applied to evaluate the functional, structural and metabolic characteristics of DMN in 25 CADASIL patients and 42 healthy controls.Results: Compared to controls, CADASIL patients had decreased nodal efficiency and degree centrality of the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation within DMN. Structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) showed decreased gray matter volume and fiber tracks presented in the bilateral hippocampal formation. Meanwhile, PET imaging showed decreased metabolism within the whole DMN in CADASIL. Furthermore, correlation analyses showed that these nodal characteristics, gray matter volume, and metabolic signals of DMN were related to cognitive scores in CADASIL.Conclusions: Our results suggested that altered network characteristics of DMN may play important roles in cognitive deficits of CADASIL.
Internal Flow Optimization in a Complex Profile Extrusion Die Using Flow Restrictors and Flow Separators
Authors: Xing Jingyang , Alsarheed Majed , Kundu Animesh , Coulter John P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The control of flow balance at the die exit is the key for successful extrusion of polymers. The complex cross-sectional variation in real-world hollow extrusion profiles intrinsically promotes flow imbalance in the die cavity. Special considerations are required for designing extrusion dies for such profiles. The die design for a complex door frame profile was computationally optimized in this study with the aid of a commercially available software package. The velocity distribution at the die exit, post-die extrudate deformation, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution of a traditional die was investigated in detail and found to be inadequate. A modified die incorporated three distinct features, flow restrictors, flow separators and approach angle of the torpedoes, to achieve a balanced and uniform velocity at the die exit. The flow restrictors and flow separators were added in the pre-parallel zone. Flow restrictors were added on top and bottom of the torpedoes to increase the restriction on polymer flow. A unique inclined flow restrictor was introduced to achieve uniform internal melt flow. Flow separators were added at junctions of outer wall and inner vertical walls to separate the polymer flow into different sections and minimize cross flow between these sections. The addition of these features proved to be highly effective for balancing the velocity distribution at the die exit. The combination of 3-D modeling and simulation is an effective cost and time efficient approach for optimizing complex die designs before manufacturing.
Evaluation of Antibiotic Residue in Cow Milk and Its Impact on Danio Rerio
Authors: Chowdhury Jayanta , Mukherjee Riya , Dutta Debanjan , Mandal Tapan Kumar , Basu Tarakdas , Mondal Sandhimita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ceftriaxone (CEFT), a widely used wide-spectrum beta -lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, is used to treat bovine mastitis, which is caused by a variety of bacteria. When this antibiotic is used injudiciously, it leaves a residue that persists after pasteurization. Antibiotic residue contamination occurs when antibiotic residue exceeds its Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs).This has a negative impact on both public health and the environment. The aim of a recent study was to determine the concentration of ceftriaxone residue (CEFTR) in raw and pasteurized mastitis cow milk, as well as its role in developmental toxicity and genotoxicity in zebra fish model. CEFTR concentrations in raw and pasteurized milk were several times higher than CEFT's MRL. CEFTR showed a decrease in body length and yolk sac region of zebra fish larvae 7-amino cephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), C3 and C7 are the cephalosporin constituents that produced by the breakdown of CEFT that may present in CEFTR, have an impact on the zebra fish embryo in this stage of development. Comet Assay or single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) also exhibited highest percentage of tail DNA, and tail moment that is the ultimate indicator of DNA damage by breaking DNA strands and incorporating guanine residue in the genome that ultimately damages DNA. As a result, the CEFTR is extremely concerning for public health and the environment. The toxic effects of the CEFTR in zebra fish model have not been studied yet. This is the first comprehensive study.
Clinical and Psychological Assessment of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Fibromyalgia
Authors: Gao Chao , Zhong Hua , Chen Lihong , Wang Li , Yao Hong , Huang Xiaowei , Jia Yubo , Li Chun , Liu Tian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the clinical features as well as the functional and psychological status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia in a real-world setting in China.MethodsA total of 202 inpatients with rheumatoid arthritis from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology at Peking University People’s Hospital were enrolled between December 2018 and April 2019. These inpatients were assessed for the presence of fibromyalgia using the 1990 American College of Rheumatology’s classification criteria for fibromyalgia. Disease activity and functional and psychological status were assessed using the Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints (DAS-28), Short Form-36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Visual Analog Scale.ResultsOf 202 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 42 (20.8%) had concurrent fibromyalgia. Compared to patients without fibromyalgia, those with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia had higher DAS-28 scores (6.0 vs. 4.4, P=0.011) and notably higher tender joint counts (16.5 vs. 4.5, P<0.001). Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia had worse HAQ scores (1.24 vs. 0.66, P<0.001) and lower SF-36 scores (28.6 vs. 58.2, P<0.001). Additionally, patients with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia experienced more fatigue (88.1% vs. 50.6%, P<0.001) and had higher anxiety (10 vs. 4, P<0.001) and depression scores (12 vs. 6, P<0.001). No significant differences in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein concentration, morning stiffness period, or swollen joint counts were identified between the groups.ConclusionsPatients with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia had higher disease activity, worse functional and psychological status, and poorer quality of life. DAS-28 scores may have been overestimated in these patients. When patients with rheumatoid arthritis do not achieve remission, the possibility of fibromyalgia should be considered.
Evaluating Responsiveness of the Persian Version of the Western Ontario Meniscal Evaluation Tool (WOMET) in Iranian Patients with Meniscal Injury
Authors: Rad Zahra Jafari , Amiri Ali , Sohani Soheil Mansour 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to evaluate the responsiveness of Western Ontario Meniscal Evaluation Tool (WOMET) and specify its Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) in patients undergoing physiotherapy intervention following undergoing a meniscal lesion or surgery. Our hypothesis was that the WOMET would have adequate responsiveness in patients with meniscal injury.
method:

100 patients undergoing physiotherapy interventions filled the Persian version of the WOMET and a questionnaire of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at Session 1 and Session 10 (4 weeks later). They also filled the 7-point Global Rating of Change (GRC) scale at Session 10. Internal responsiveness was calculated using T test and effect sizes (standard response mean (SRM) and Cohen's d); and external responsiveness was calculated via receiver operating characteristic curve and correlation analysis. The inclusion criterion was the age of 18 to 70 years old for the patients who had the ability of filling the questionnaire. The exclusion criteria included ligaments injury, severe osteoarthritis, inability to complete the questionnaire due to the lack of sufficient knowledge, malignancy, infection, neuromusculoskeletal disorder, rheumatologic disease, knee surgeries for any other reasons, and dissatisfaction for being enrolled in the study.
Results

All the WOMET subscales (AUC = 0.7) had acceptable external responsiveness. SRM was Trivial, and the scores of Cohen’s d were moderate to large and t tests showed significant differences.
Conclusion

Our findings showed that all of the WOMET subscales had acceptable external responsiveness, and thus this questionnaire could be used to study the effects of physiotherapy interventions on patients undergoing a meniscal lesion or surgery.
A Stacking-based Ensemble Learning Method for Outlier Detection
Authors: Abro Abdul Ahad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Outlier detection is considered as one of the crucial research areas for data mining. Many methods have been studied widely and utilized for achieving better results in outlier detection from existing literature; however, the effects of these few ways are inadequate. In this paper, a stacking-based ensemble classifier has been proposed along with four base learners (namely, Rotation Forest, Random Forest, Bagging and Boosting) and a Meta-learner (namely, Logistic Regression) to progress the outlier detection performance. The proposedmechanism is evaluated on five datasets from the ODDS library by adopting five performance criteria. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms than the conventional ensemble approaches concerning the accuracy, AUC (Area Under Curve), precision, recall and Fmeasure values.This method can be used for image recognition and machine learning problems, such as binary classification.
Bayesian Super-Resolution of Spectroscopic Data
Authors: Tsujimori Kota , Hirotani Jun , Harada Shunta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The resolution of spectroscopy, which delivers valuable insights and knowledge in various research fields, has sometimes been limited by the number of multi-channel detectors employed. For example, in Raman spectroscopy using charge coupled device (CCD) detectors, the resolution is limited by the number of the CCD arrays and it is difficult to achieve spectroscopic data acquisition with high resolution over a wide range. Here we describe a methodology to increase the resolution as well as signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio by applying Bayesian super-resolution in the analysis of spectroscopic data. In our present method, first the hyperparameters for the Bayesian super-resolution are determined by a virtual experiment imitating actual experimental data, and the precision of the super-resolution reconstruction is confirmed by the calculation of errors from the ideal values. For validation of the super-resolution of spectroscopic data, we applied this method to the analysis of Raman spectra. From 200 Raman spectra of a reference Si substrate with a resolution of about 0.8 cm− 1, super-resolution reconstruction with resolution of 0.01 cm− 1 was successfully achieved with the promised precision. From the super-resolution spectrum, the Raman scattering peak of the reference Si substrate was estimated as 520.55 (+ 0.12, -0.09) cm− 1, which is comparable to the precisely determined value from previous works. The present methodology can be applied to various kinds of spectroscopic analysis, leading to increased precision in the analysis of spectroscopic data and the ability to detect slight differences in spectral peak positions and shapes.
Testing behaviour and positivity for SARS-CoV-2 infection: Insights from web-based participatory surveillance
Authors: McDonald Scott A. , Soetens Loes , Schipper Maarten , Friesema Ingrid H. M. , Wijngaard Cees C. van den , Teirlinck Anne , Neppelenbroek Nienke , Hof Susan van den , Wallinga Jacco , Hoek Albert Jan van 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVoluntary testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection is an integral component of an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is essential to identify populations at a high risk for infection but who are less likely to present for testing. Here, we use internet-based participatory surveillance data from the Netherlands to identify sociodemographic and household factors that are associated with a lower propensity to be tested and, if tested, with a higher risk of a positive test result.MethodsMultivariable analyses using generalised estimating equations for binomial outcomes were conducted to estimate the adjusted odds ratios of testing and of positivity associated with participant and household characteristics.ResultsBased on five months (17 November 2020 to 18 April 2021) of weekly surveys obtained from 12,026 participants, males (adjusted odds ratio for testing (ORt): 0.92; adjusted odds ratio for positivity (ORp): 1.30, age-groups <20 (ORt: 0.89; ORp: 1.27) 50-64 years (ORt: 0.94; ORp: 1.06) and 65+ years (ORt: 0.78; ORp: 1.24), diabetics (ORt: 0.97; ORp: 1.06), and sales/administrative employees (ORt: 0.93; ORp: 1.90) were distinguished as lower propensity/higher positivity factors.ConclusionsThe factors identified using this approach can help identify potential target groups for improving communication and encouraging testing among those with symptoms and thus increase the effectiveness of testing, which is essential for the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and for public health strategies in the longer term.
Lidocaine inhibited migration of NSCLCA549 cells via the CXCR4 regulation
Authors: Xing Baichun , Yang Linlin , Cui Yanan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that wildly used in surgical treatment and postoperative medical care for lung cancers. We hypothesized that lidocaine at clinical plasma concentration can inhibit CXCL12/CXCR4 axis-regulated cytoskeletal remodeling thereby reduce the migration of Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) cells.
Methods
We determined the effect of lidocaine at clinical plasma concentration on CXCL12-induced cell viability, apoptosis, cell death, monolayer cell wound healing rate, individual cell migration indicators, expression of CXCR4, CD44, and ICAM-1, intracellular Ca2+ level, and filamentous actin level alteration of NSCLC cells A549 and CXCR4-knocked down A549 cells using CCK-8, Bcl-2 ELISA, Cell death ELISA, wound healing assay, chemotaxis assay, western blotting, QPCR, Fura-2-based intracellular Ca2+ assay, and Fluorescein Phalloidin staining respectively.
Results
Lidocaine did not affect cell viability, apoptosis, and cell death but inhibited CXCL12-induced migration, intracellular Ca2+ releasing, and filamentous actin increase. Lidocaine decreased expression of CXCR4, increased CD44, but had no effect on ICAM-1. CXCL12 induced the increase of CD44 and ICAM-1 but did not affect CD44 in the presence of lidocaine. The knockdown of CXCR4 eliminated all the effects of lidocaine. The overexpression of CXCR4 promoted migration but the migration was inhibited by lidocaine.
Conclusion
Lidocaine at clinical plasma concentrations inhibited CXCL12-induced CXCR4 activation, thereby reduced the intracellular Ca2+-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling, resulting in slower migration of A549 cells.
The non-fatal burden of cancer in Belgium, 2004–2018
Authors: Gorasso Vanessa , Silversmit Geert , Arbyn Marc , Cornez Astrid , De Pauw Robby , De Smedt Delphine , Grant Ian , Wyper Grant M.A. , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Speybroeck Niko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

The importance of assessing and monitoring the health status of a population has grown in the last decades. Consistent and high quality data on the morbidity and mortality impact of a disease represent the key element for this assessment. Being increasingly used in global and national burden of diseases (BoD) studies, the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is an indicator that combines healthy life years lost due to living with disease (Years Lived with Disability; YLD) and due to dying prematurely (Years of Life Lost; YLL). As a step towards a comprehensive national burden of disease study, this study aims to estimate the non-fatal burden of cancer in Belgium using national data.
Methods

We estimated the Belgian cancer burden from 2004 to 2018 in terms of YLD, using national population-based cancer registry data and international disease models. We developed a microsimulation model to translate incidence- into prevalence-based estimates, and used expert elicitation to integrate the long-term impact of increased disability due to surgical treatment.
Results

The age-standardized non-fatal burden of cancer increased from 2004 to 2018 by 6% and 2% respectively for incidence- and prevalence-based YLDs. In 2018, in Belgium, breast cancer had the highest morbidity impact among women, followed by colorectal and non-melanoma skin cancer. Among men, prostate cancer had the highest morbidity impact, followed by colorectal and non-melanoma skin cancer. Between 2004 and 2018, non-melanoma skin cancer significantly increased for both sexes in terms of age-standardized incidence-based YLD per 100,000, from 48 to 107 for men and from 15 to 37 for women. Important decreases were seen for colorectal cancer for both sexes in terms of age-standardized incidence-based YLD per 100,000, from 104 to 85 for men and from 52 to 46 for women.
Conclusions

Breast and prostate cancers represent the greatest proportion of cancer morbidity, while for both sexes the morbidity burden of skin cancer has shown an important increase from 2004 onwards. Integrating the current study in the Belgian national burden of disease study will allow monitoring of the burden of cancer over time, highlighting new trends and assessing the impact of public health policies.