bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flowpath controls on high‐spatial‐resolution water‐chemistry profiles in headwater streams
Authors: Dupas Rémi , Causse Jean , Jaffrezic Anne , Aquilina Luc , Durand Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStream water chemistry is routinely measured over time at fixed and sparse sites, which provides a coarse image of spatial variability. Here, we measured nitrate, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and several chemical proxies for water flowpaths, catchment residence time and biogeochemical transformations, every 50–100 m along 13 km of streams in six agricultural headwater catchments (1.1–3.5km2). The objective was to examine controls on longitudinal nitrate profiles at a high spatial resolution during four seasons: rewetting of the catchments in autumn, winter high‐flow, spring recession and summer low‐flow. Our results showed monotonic trends in longitudinal profiles for nitrate and DOC, which were opposite for the two solutes. Spatial trends in water‐chemistry profiles persisted across seasons, which suggests time‐invariant controls on the spatial variations in concentrations. Four catchments exhibited decreasing nitrate and increasing DOC from upstream to downstream, while two catchments exhibited increasing nitrate and decreasing DOC. These smooth gradients did not reflect a longitudinal land‐use gradient, but rather an increase in the proportion of groundwater inflows when moving downstream, as suggested by the chemical proxies and punctual discharge measurements. Water chemistry also changed abruptly at confluences, at a farm point source and at a localized groundwater inflow zone.
Ecological risk assessment of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances: Foreword
Authors: Henning Miranda H. , Fuchsman Phyllis C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
During the last 5 years, data and guidance to support ecological risk assessment of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substance (PFAS) have become increasingly available. The studies presented in this special series exemplify and advance this progress. Among the highlights are a whole-colony honey bee toxicity study, a critical evaluation of contrasting evidence to understand avian toxicity of PFAS, a bioaccumulation model incorporating PFOS precursor transformation, and an assessment of PFAS monitoring and regulatory needs on the African continent. This foreword closes with a summary of research needs identified from the special series. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:670–672. © 2021 SETAC
Scientific and budgetary trade-offs between morphological and molecular methods for deep-sea biodiversity assessment
Authors: Le Jennifer T. , Levin Lisa A. , Lejzerowicz Franck , Cordier Tristan , Gooday Andrew J. , Pawlowski Jan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Deep-sea biodiversity, a source of critical ecological functions and ecosystem services, is increasingly subject to the threat of disturbance from existing practices (e.g., fishing, waste disposal, oil and gas extraction) as well as emerging industries such as deep-seabed mining. Current scientific tools may not be adequate for monitoring and assessing subsequent changes to biodiversity. In this paper, we evaluate the scientific and budgetary trade-offs associated with morphology-based taxonomy and metabarcoding approaches to biodiversity surveys in the context of nascent deep-seabed mining for polymetallic nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, the area of most intense interest. For the dominant taxa of benthic meiofauna, we discuss the types of information produced by these methods and use cost-effectiveness analysis to compare their abilities to yield biological and ecological data for use in environmental assessment and management. On the basis of our evaluation, morphology-based taxonomy is less cost-effective than metabarcoding but offers scientific advantages, such as the generation of density, biomass, and size structure data. Approaches that combine the two methods during the environmental assessment phase of commercial activities may facilitate future biodiversity monitoring and assessment for deep-seabed mining and for other activities in remote deep-sea habitats, for which taxonomic data and expertise are limited. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:655–663. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
For meiofauna in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, morphology-based taxonomy is less cost-effective than metabarcoding, but offers scientific advantages, such as the generation of density, biomass, and size structure data. An approach that combines morphological and molecular methods is comparable in cost to morphology-based taxonomy alone, and may be necessary during initial environmental assessment. Ultimately, metabarcoding may allow for long-term environmental monitoring in deep-sea systems that are (1) undersampled and data-limited; (2) not easily accessible; or (3) dominated by meiofauna-sized taxa.
Ecological consequences of Australian “Black Summer” (2019–20) fires: A synthesis of Australian Commonwealth Government report findings
Authors: Khan Stuart J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
During the summer of 2019–2020, more than 15 000 wildfires burned up to 19 million hectares of forest and woodland regions across Australia. These fires culminated in the worst Australian fire season on record, producing what has come to be known as the Australian “Black Summer.” The fires have been described as an “ecological disaster,” but the scale of the impacts is so extensive that the full ecological consequence may take years to assess. In the immediate aftermath of the Black Summer fires, two major national investigations were established by the Australian Commonwealth Government. By reviewing reports produced by these two investigations, high-level insights into the scale of the ecological consequences of the Black Summer fires have been obtained and are summarized here. Through these insights, the urgency for action to reduce the occurrence, and improve the management, of future comparable fire events is made clear. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:1136–1140. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Australia's worst fire season on record occurred during the summer of 2019/20, which has come to be known as Australia's “Black Summer.” The fires have been described as an “ecological disaster,” but the scale of the impacts is so extensive that the full ecological consequence may take years to assess. It is estimated that within the forests and woodlands that burned, there would have been almost three billion native vertebrates that perished. Climactic conditions associated with global climate change now underlie an observed change in longer fire seasons with more extreme fire danger days.
Association of body composition with risk of overall and site‐specific cancers: A population‐based prospective cohort study
Authors: He Qiangsheng , Xia Bin , Liu Anran , Li Min , Zhou Zhijun , Cheung Eddie C. , Kuo Zi Chong , Wang Bo , Li Fangping , Tang Yan , Zheng Zilong , Sun Rui , Hu Yanhong Jessika , Meng Wenbo , He Yulong , Yuan Jinqiu , Zhang Changhua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough excess adiposity has been linked with various cancers, association between body composition and some cancers remains unclear, like lung and prostate cancers. We investigated associations of body composition with risk of overall cancer and major site‐specific cancers in a prospective cohort of 454 079 cancer‐free participants from UK‐Biobank. Body composition was measured with bioimpedance analysis. We evaluated hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with multivariate Cox linear and nonlinear models in men and women separately. We identified 27 794 cancers over 7.6 years of follow‐up. Multivariable adjusted models including fat‐free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) showed that FFM was positively associated with overall cancer risk in men and women (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01‐1.04 and 1.07, 1.04‐1.10, respectively); while the association between FM and overall cancer disappeared after adjusting for FFM. FFM was associated with higher risks of obesity‐related cancers combined, stomach (women only), malignant melanoma, postmenopausal breast, corpus uteri, prostate, kidney (men only), and blood cancers and lower risk of lung cancer. FM was associated with higher risks of obesity‐related cancers combined, esophageal, colon, lung (men only), postmenopausal breast (at the lower end of FM range), and corpus uteri cancers and lower risks of rectal, malignant melanoma (women only), prostate and blood cancers. FFM and FM seemed to have different effects on cancer risk, and the effects varied substantially by cancer type, in both direction and size. Higher FM/FFM ratio was also associated with some cancers risk, and might be a useful predictor of cancer risk.
Optimizing government resources through collaborative consumption in resource‐constrained countries: The need for creative thinking skills
Authors: Gebeyehu Seffi , Twinomurinzi Hossana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvestments in national Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure in low‐income‐countries provide a digital government platform that could facilitate the maximization of limited resources through a collaborative consumption (CC) model. In this study, an interpretive multi‐case research method was used to investigate how limited government‐to‐government resources in Ethiopia could enable the effective utilization of inter‐government resources using the CC paradigm. Four government administrative districts (woredas) in the Amhara Region were purposively sampled. The findings revealed that Government officials could only identify intangible digital services and shared learning as shareable, but did not consider any tangible artifacts until prompted. Overall, the findings contribute to Information Systems discourse and digital government practice by providing insights into the role of CC models in maximizing limited government to government resources in low‐income countries like Ethiopia. A creativity process to identify other shareable resources and prompt digital innovation is recommended. This is because there are few to no studies that investigate government to government resource sharing through a CC approach in such countries. The study also showed that in light of the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, there is a further reason for low‐income countries to share whatever limited resources are available.
“If Only We're Brave Enough”: Reflections on CoeditingJAAL
Authors: Hinchman Kathleen A. , Chandler-Olcott Kelly 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this commentary, we explore contribution trends across our 5‐year tenure as the coeditors of theJournal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, evaluate our successes in achieving initial goals and unforeseen challenges, and discuss the implications of this analysis for the journal’s community.
Targeting HDL in tumor microenvironment: New hope for cancer therapy
Authors: Zhao Tan‐Jun , Zhu Neng , Shi Ya‐Ning , Wang Yu‐Xiang , Zhang Chan‐Juan , Deng Chang‐Feng , Liao Duan‐Fang , Qin Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown that plasma HDL‐C levels are closely related to the risk of prostate cancer, breast cancer, and other malignancies. As one of the key carriers of cholesterol regulation, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer development through anti‐inflammation, antioxidation, immune‐modulation, and mediating cholesterol transportation in cancer cells and noncancer cells. In addition, the occurrence and progression of cancer are closely related to the alteration of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer cells synthesize and secrete a variety of cytokines and other factors to promote the reprogramming of surrounding cells and shape the microenvironment suitable for cancer survival. By analyzing the effect of HDL on the infiltrating immune cells in the TME, as well as the relationship between HDL and tumor‐associated angiogenesis, it is suggested that a moderate increase in the level of HDL in vivo with consequent improvement of the function of HDL in the TME and induction of intracellular cholesterol efflux may be a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
A nurse practitioner model of care in the era of direct acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Nario Steffanie , Reynauld Benhur , Blacklaws Helen , Boden Sharon , Sud Rishi , Hawken Glenn , Singh Satbir , Herba Karl , Panetta James , Pang James 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimDirect‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has resulted in high rates of successful disease cure; however, not enough healthcare providers are available to deliver treatment to the population living with chronic HCV. To demonstrate that a nurse practitioner (NP) model of care is non‐inferior to specialist gastroenterologist (SG) management of HCV infection, as measured by sustained viral response at 12 weeks (SVR12) after initiation of DAA therapy.DesignRetrospective cohort database study.SettingSingle‐center outpatient study, Central Coast Local Health District (CCLHD).ParticipantsAll patients with chronic HCV treated in the CCLHD Liver Clinic in the period 3rd March 2016 to 31st May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. In this time period, a total of 1638 patients with chronic HCV had completed treatment. Seven hundred and thirty‐four patients were excluded (733 pre‐PBS listing for DAAs and 1 not treated with DAA). Nine hundred and four patients were eligible for the study, of which 541 were managed by an SG, and 363 managed by an NP.Main outcome measuresData were collected on patient demographics, genotype, fibrosis score, and presence of cirrhosis. Primary end point was number of patients achieving SVR12.ResultsOf the 904 patients treated with DAA, 764 (84.5%) achieved SVR12. There was no statistical difference (P > 0.05) in achieving SVR12between patients treated by an SP (n = 481, 88.9%) and those treated by an NP (n = 281, 77.4%).ConclusionAn NP model of care is non‐inferior to SG management of HCV infection, as evidenced by equivocal success in achieving SVR12between the two treatment groups. Therefore, an NP model of care is a viable option in the era of DAA therapy for HCV infection. Ongoing investment into the delivery of NP care could increase treatment uptake of HCV, with the aim of decreasing overall burden of disease.
Evaluation of the relationship between KIM‐1 and suPAR levels and clinical severity in COVID‐19 patients: A different perspective on suPAR
Authors: Kerget Buğra , Kerget Ferhan , Aksakal Alperen , Aşkın Seda , Uçar Elif Yılmazel , Sağlam Leyla 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is one of the most pressing health problems of this century, but our knowledge of the disease is still limited. In this study, we aimed to examine serum‐soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM‐1) levels based on the clinical course of COVID‐19. Our study included 102 patients over the age of 18 who were diagnosed as having COVID‐19 between September 2020 and December 2020 and a control group of 50 health workers over the age of 18 whose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) PCR results were negative. KIM‐1 was measured by ELISA and suPAR by suPARnostic™ assay. Analysis of previously identified variables of prognostic significance in COVID‐19 revealed high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lactose dehydrogenase, prothrombin time, C‐reactive protein, PaO2/FiO2, D‐dimer, ferritin, and fibrinogen levels in patients with severe disease (p < 0.05 for all). KIM‐1 and suPAR levels were significantly higher in COVID‐19 patients compared to the control group (p = 0.001 for all). KIM‐1 level was higher in severe patients compared to moderate patients (p = 0.001), while suPAR level was lower (p = 0.001). KIM‐1, which is believed to play an important role in the endocytosis of SARS‐CoV‐2, was elevated in patients with severe COVID‐19 and may be a therapeutic target in the future. SuPAR may have a role in defense mechanism and fibrinolysis, and low levels in severe patients may be associated with poor prognosis in the early period.
Atomic saturation of reduced powers
Authors: Shelah Saharon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOur aim was to try to generalize some theorems about the saturation of ultrapowers to reduced powers. Naturally, we deal with saturation for types consisting of atomic formulas. We succeed to generalize “the theory of dense linear order (or T with the strict order property) is maximal and so is any which is SOP3”, (where Δ consists of atomic or conjunction of atomic formulas). However, the theorem on “it is enough to deal with symmetric pre‐cuts” (so the theorem) cannot be generalized in this case. Similarly the uniqueness of the dual cofinality fails in this context.
Humoral Immune Response ofSARS-CoV-2–Infected Patients with Cancer: Influencing Factors and Mechanisms
Authors: Esperança-Martins Miguel , Gonçalves Lisa , Soares-Pinho Inês , Gomes Andreia , Serrano Marta , Blankenhaus Birte , Figueiredo-Campos Patrícia , Catarina-Marques Ana , Castro-Barbosa Ana , Cardoso Ana , Antunes-Meireles Pedro , Atalaia-Barbacena Henrique , Gaspar Pedro , Howell-Monteiro Patrícia , Pais-de-Lacerda António , Mota Catarina , Veldhoen Marc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected patients with cancer show worse outcomes compared with patients without cancer. The humoral immune response (HIR) of patients with cancer against SARS-CoV-2 is not well characterized. To better understand it, we conducted a serological study of hospitalized patients with cancer infected with SARS-CoV-2.Materials and MethodsThis was a unicentric, retrospective study enrolling adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to a central hospital from March 15 to June 17, 2020, whose serum samples were quantified for anti–SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain or spike protein IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies. The aims of the study were to assess the HIR to SARS-CoV-2; correlate it with different cancer types, stages, and treatments; clarify the interplay between the HIR and clinical outcomes of patients with cancer; and compare the HIR of SARS-CoV-2–infected patients with and without cancer.ResultsWe included 72 SARS-CoV-2–positive subjects (19 with cancer, 53 controls). About 90% of controls revealed a robust serological response. Among patients with cancer, a strong response was verified in 57.9%, with 42.1% showing a persistently weak response. Treatment with chemotherapy within 14 days before positivity was the only factor statistically shown to be associated with persistently weak serological responses among patients with cancer. No significant differences in outcomes were observed between patients with strong and weak responses. All IgG, IgM, IgA, and total Ig antibody titers were significantly lower in patients with cancer compared with those without.ConclusionA significant portion of patients with cancer develop a proper HIR. Recent chemotherapy treatment may be associated with weak serological responses among patients with cancer. Patients with cancer have a weaker SARS-CoV-2 antibody response compared with those without cancer.Implications for PracticeThese results place the spotlight on patients with cancer, particularly those actively treated with chemotherapy. These patients may potentially be more vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, so it is important to provide oncologists further theoretical support (with concrete examples and respective mechanistic correlations) for the decision of starting, maintaining, or stopping antineoplastic treatments (particularly chemotherapy) not only on noninfected but also on infected patients with cancer in accordance with cancer type, stage and prognosis, treatment agents, treatment setting, and SARS-CoV-2 infection risks.
A first‐in‐human oral dose study of mesdopetam (IRL790) to assess its safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Sjöberg Folke , Waters Susanna , Löfberg Boel , Sonesson Clas , Waters Nicholas , Tedroff Joakim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe management of Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently compromised by complications induced by dopaminergic treatment such as involuntary movements (dyskinesias) and psychosis. Mesdopetam (IRL790) is a novel dopamine D3 receptor antagonist developed for the management of complications of therapy in PD. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of escalating single and multiple doses of mesdopetam. We conducted a prospective, single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase I, and first‐in‐human (FIH) study with mesdopetam administered to healthy male subjects. Overall, mesdopetam was well‐tolerated up to a 120 mg single dose and up to 80 mg upon multiple dosing. Adverse events (AEs) were mainly related to the nervous system and were dose‐dependent. No serious adverse events occurred and no AEs led to withdrawal. The results of the single‐ascending‐dose and multiple‐ascending‐dose parts indicated dose‐ and time‐independent pharmacokinetics with rapid absorption and maximum plasma levels that were generally reached within 2 h after dosing. No accumulation was observed upon multiple dosing. It is concluded that mesdopetam was safe and well‐tolerated in healthy male volunteers. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated rapid absorption and dose‐linear pharmacokinetics of mesdopetam, with a plasma half‐life of around 7 h, upon single and repeated dosing. The pharmacokinetics of mesdopetam supports twice‐daily use in patients.
Design of PID control for planar uncertain nonlinear systems with input delay
Authors: Lyu Xujun , Lin Zongli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article presents a PID control design for a class of planar uncertain nonlinear systems with bounded time‐varying input delay. The delay is unknown with a known bound. The class of systems is characterized by the bounds on the growth rates of the nonlinear function in the system model. Based on these bounds on the growth rates, the system is placed in a linear differential inclusion, a convex hull with four linear systems as vertices. For a given set of PID control coefficients, a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is constructed that leads to sufficient conditions, in the form of linear matrix inequalities in the bound on the time delay, a positive scalar and two positive definite matrices, under which the equilibrium solution corresponding to the desired set point of the outputs of all vertex linear systems and, hence, that of the original uncertain nonlinear system, is globally uniformly asymptotically stable. With the bound on the time delay as a variable, an optimization problem with linear matrix inequalities as constraints can be formulated to determine the largest admissible bound on the time delay for the closed‐loop system under the given PID controller. By viewing the PID control coefficients as additional free variables, the optimization problem is then adapted for the design of the PID coefficients for the largest admissible bound on the time delay. The design is then applied to a magnetic suspension system. Simulation results illustrate the design algorithm and the performance of the resulting PID controller.
Recent Advances of Nanospheres Lithography in Organic Electronics
Authors: Li Jie , Hu Yongxu , Yu Li , Li Lin , Ji Deyang , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping , Fuchs Harald 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNanospheres lithography (NSL) is an economical technique, which makes use of highly monodispersed nanospheres such as deposition or etch masks for generating patterns with nanoscale features. Embedding nanostructures into organic electronic devices can endow them with unique capabilities and enhanced performance, which have greatly advanced the development of organic electronics. In this review, a brief summary of the methods for the preparation of monodispersed nanospheres is presented. Afterward, the authors highlight the recent advances of a wide variety of applications of nanospheres lithography in organic electronic devices. Finally, the challenges in this field are pointed out, and the future development of this field is discussed.