bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVIEW DESIGN STRUKTUR BETON BERTULANG TERHADAP STRUKTUR BAJA PADA STRUKTUR GEDUNG DIATAS TANAH LUNAK
Authors: Apriani Widya , Rahmat Hendri 
Published: August 2021

<p class="11daftarpustaka"><em>Salah satu permasalahan paling utama dalam pengoptimalisasi desain struktur bangunan adalah pemilihan jenis material struktur dan pemilihan dimensi profil eelemen struktur.Dalam desain struktur, perlu dialkukan analisis untuk meminimalisasi biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh pemilik bangunan.. Umumnya digunakan material beton bertulang sebagai bahan utama, namun pada penelitian ini akan dikaji material baja sebagai bahan utama dan dilakukan perbandingan terhadap kedua material tersebut. Hal ini sangat dibutuhkan dalam perencanaan untuk memperoleh pembiayaan yang paling optimal dan efisien dengan kekuatan struktur yang sama. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini metode elemen hingga dengan bantuan program SAP 2000. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh berupa dimensi profil baja dan beton yang telah sesuai dengan batas kekuatan dan stabilitas struktur serta biaya dari masing masing elemen struktur tersebut. Terdapat perbedaan biaya yang cukup signifikan antara struktur beton bertulang dan struktur baja .Hal ini disebabkan karena berat sendiri material material baja lebih berat dari beton serta harga satuan struktur baja lebih mahal dari struktur beton. Pada kajian ini harga baja pada elemen kolom terpaut 15.17% lebih mahal dari elemen beton bertulang. Sedangkan pada elemen balok terdapat selisih 62.16% lebih mahal struktur baja dibandingkan struktur beton.</em></p>
EVALUASI JALUR EVAKUASI KEBAKARAN PADA KANTOR BUPATI NAGAN RAYA
Authors: Fajrida Nurfajrida Ririn 
Published: August 2021

<p>Kantor Bupati adalah bangunan tempat kepala daerah melakukan kegiatan administrasi dan sebagai tempat penyelenggaraan pusat pemerintahan. Bangunan publik ini secara umum belum sepenuhnya memenuhi syarat jalur evakuasi dari Permen PUPR RI No. 14/PRT/M/2017. Jalur evakuasi yang baik dapat menggerakkan manusia dalam jumlah besar dengan waktu terbatas, sedangkan bila jalur evakuasi tidak dibangun atau tidak tersedia dengan baik, maka dapat menghambat waktu evakuasi serta juga dapat menyebabkan kematian bagi pengguna bangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi eksisting jalur evakuasi di Kantor Bupati Kabupaten Nagan Raya, mengidentifikasi persepsi pegawai dan pengunjung terhadap jalur evakuasi di Kantor Bupati, dan merumuskan strategi pengurangan risiko bencana kebakaran di Kantor Bupati. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui observasi dan wawancara, dan metode kuantitatif melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Narasumber dan responden dalam merumuskan strategi ditujukan kepada Bupati, Wakil Bupati, Sekda, Asisten Pemerintahan dan Kesejahteraan Rakyat, Asisten Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, dan Asisten Administrasi Umum. Responden untuk persepsi jalur evakuasi ditujukan kepada para pegawai dan pengunjung. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas, sedangkan analisa data menggunakan analisis deskriptif melalui bantuan <em>software Statistical Product and Service Solution </em>(SPSS) versi 22 dan analisis <em>Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats </em>(SWOT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jalur evakuasi untuk gedung A sebagian besar terpenuhi syarat yaitu sebanyak 16 persyaratan (53%), gedung B dan gedung C hampir sebagian besar terpenuhi syarat yaitu sama-sama sebanyak 15 persyaratan (56%). Hampir seluruh pegawai sebanyak 50 orang (93,87%) dan pengunjung sebanyak 37 orang (79,26%), sudah mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik terhadap jalur evakuasi di Kantor Bupati. Strategi pengurangan risiko bencana kebakaran di Kantor Bupati adalah melakukan kegiatan pengembangan melalui sistem proteksi aktif dan proteksi pasif, mengevaluasi tingkat kedisiplinan pegawai terhadap peraturan larangan merokok dalam gedung Kantor Bupati, dan memberikan pendidikan dan pelatihan kepada pegawai terkait upaya pengurangan risiko bencana.</p><p> </p><p>Kata Kunci: <em>Jalur evakuasi</em>, <em>bangunan publik</em>, <em>risiko</em>, <em>bencana</em>, <em>kebakaran</em></p>
Considerações Sobre a História da Noção de Signo Linguístico:
Authors: Silva Odair Vieira da , Oliveira Gilson de Sousa , Arrais Neto Enéas de Araújo 
Published: August 2021

Este artigo objetiva contribuir para a compreensão da história da noção de signo linguístico no contexto da linguística moderna, com ênfase nas produções científicas do linguista suíço Ferdinand de Saussure e dos teóricos russos Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky e Valentín Nikoláievich Volóchinov. Para tanto, serão analisados aspectos biográficos, bem como a produção acadêmica desses autores, além das articulações teóricas em torno da noção de signo linguístico que se tornaram referência para os estudos voltados às ciências da linguagem. Ao final, serão apresentadas algumas aproximações epistemológicas dos trabalhos de Saussure, Vygotsky e Volóchinov, acerca da linguagem humana e da noção de signo linguístico.
Nutrient digestibility of fishmeal rations in primates
Authors: Gaponov N. V. , Gamko L. N. 
Published: August 2021

The results of the study on effects of fishmeal on nutrient digestibility and intake in primates are given in the paper. Fishmeal is a feeding stuff, manufactured from fish, marine mammals, invertebrates not suitable for human consumption and by-products of their processing. Fishmeal nutrient composition includes natural substances and minerals, including phosphorus, calcium, iodine, selenium, several essential amino acids, as well as vitamins А, D and В complex. Fishmeal is known to be rich in digestible energy and proteins. One kilogram of fishmeal contains 700 grams of raw protein and up to 15 MJ of digestible energy. It should be noted that fishmeal is easily digested by animals. Nevertheless, there is a lack of data in publications on use of fishmeal as high protein feed in rations of primates. In this regard, the aim of the study was to analyze the effects of fishmeal on digestibility of mixed feed nutrients in male rhesus-macaques and to use the obtained results for understanding of prospects of fishmeal further use for feeding primates. The chemical composition and nutritional value of the total mixed ration was determined. The economic effectiveness of the fishmeal use in the rations of primates was calculated. Based on the experimental data, it was established that the inclusion of fishmeal (18% out of total) into the diet contributes to the improvement of feed intake in experimental primates and reduces the costs of complete granular feed.
Pembangunan Singapura Sebagai Pusat Perdagangan di Asia Tenggara Pada Masa Gubernur Jenderal Raffles 1819-1820
Authors: Rakhman Akhmad Syaekhu , Hidayat Arief 
Published: August 2021

Singapore in the period before Raffles' arrival was an area that was still covered in forests, mangroves, and mud. Raffles that who had renewed the agreement in 1785 with the Sultan of Johor then bought and built Singapore into a very strategic and bustling international port and trading city center. This study aims to explain Singapore's growth after Raffles' presence, explain Raffles' efforts in building Singapore, and explain Raffles' successful policy in building Singapore as a trading center. The research method used is the historical method through the stages, namely; heuristics, criticism, verification, interpretation and historiography. The results of this study provide information about the impact of the arrival of governor-general Raffles in the economy in Singapore, which can also affect progress in Indonesia and Southeast Asia.Singapura pada masa sebelum kedatangan Raffles merupakan wilayah yang masih tertutup hutan, bakau, dan lumpur. Raffles yang telah memperbaharui persetujuan pada tahun 1785 dengan Sultan Johor kemudian membeli dan membangun Singapura menjadi pusat pelabuhan dan kota dagang internasional yang sangat strategis dan ramai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pertumbuhan Singapura setelah kehadiran Raffles, menjelaskan upaya Raffles dalam membangun Singapore, dan menjelaskan kebijakan Raffles yang sukses membangun Singapura selaku pusat perdagangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah melalui tahapan yaitu; heuristik, kritik, verifikasi, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan sebuah informasi tentang dampak kedatangan gubernur jenderal Raffles dalam bidang perekonomian di Singapura yang dapat berpengaruh juga pada kemajuan di Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara.
Konsepsi dan Strategi Muhammad SAW dalam Mendirikan Negara Madinah Al-Munawwarah
Authors: Vachruddin Vrisko Putra 
Published: August 2021

Under increasingly bold and severe pressure by the Quraysh infidels in the city of Makkah, the revelation of God came down that ordered the Prophet and the Muslims of Mecca to emigrate to the city of Yastrib (Medina). The migration of Prophet Muhammad SAW to the city of Yastrib brought a great influence on the unity of all communities in the city of Yastrib with the establishment of a pluralist state. The Prophet's role as a religious leader and political leader chosen based on consensus deliberations could was able to create a social community in the heterogeneous society so that social solidarity emerged assuming on the basis of one city. This article aims to explain the conception and strategy of Muhammad in uniting the people of Medina so that the pluralist state stands. This research uses historical methods by going through stages, namely; heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The prophet's basic conception and strategy in establishing are state of Medina is by: establishing mosques, brotherhood of the Muhajirin and Ansar, cooperation between the components of the population of Medina (Muslim and Non-Muslim), laying political, economic, and social foundations for new communities and renaming the city.Dibawah tekanan yang semakin berani dan berat oleh kaum kafir Quraisy di kota Makkah, maka turunlah wahyu Tuhan yang memerintahkan Nabi dan orang-orang Islam Mekkah untuk hijrah ke kota Yastrib (Madinah). Hijrahnya Nabi Muhammad SAW ke kota Yastrib membawa pengaruh besar terhadap bersatunya seluruh komunitas yang berada di kota Yastrib dengan berdirinya Negara yang berkonteks pluralis. Peran Nabi sebagai pemimpin agama dan pemimpin politik yang dipilih berdasarkan musyawarah mufakat mampu menciptakan komunitas sosial dalam masyarakat heterogen tersebut sehingga muncul sikap solidaritas sosial atas dasar satu kota. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang konsepsi dan strategi Muhammad dalam menyatukan masyarakat Madinah sehingga berdirilah Negara yang berkonteks pluralis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan melalui tahapan yaitu; heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Konsepsi dan strategi dasar Nabi dalam mendirikan negara Madinah ialah dengan cara mendirikan masjid, mempersaudarakan kaum Muhajirin dan Anshar, kerjasama antar komponen penduduk Madinah (Muslim dan Non muslim), meletakkan dasar-dasar politik, ekonomi, dan sosial untuk masyarakat baru serta pergantian nama kota.
Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Filantropi Perspektif Hadis:
Authors: Nasir Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

This research investigates how the hadith guidelines on the use of zakat, infaq, and shadaqah are used to impose zakat and shadaqah and devise ways to use the philanthropic resources of Muslims, particularly in the municipality of Gorontalo. The approach used was a legal and social content analysis.
The research result showed that the Gorontalo City Baznas Program is a positive economic empowerment program called Kota Gorontalo Makmur, referring to the prophet's hadith. This initiative was in the form of business capital assistance to the poor to conduct profitable enterprises, such as farming, fishing, planting, livestock rearing, sale, household crafts, etc. Every year, Gorontalo City Baznas distributes this program to 50 citizens like the sold products. This program has been applied since July 2017. For the first phase, 23 people have received capital assistance amounting to Rp. 5,000,000/person with two disbursements. The initial stage was worth Rp. 3,000,000 and later in the second stage the remaining Rp. 2,000,000 was given to mustahiq.
Pembinaan Disiplin Pola Semi Militer dan Keagamaan dalam Sistem Boarding School di SMA Terpadu Wirabhakti Gorontalo
Authors: Petta Solong Najamuddin , Busa Ismail 
Published: August 2021

This research aims to analyze the discipline fostering of semi-military and religious patterns in the boarding school system at SMA Terpadu Wirabhakti Gorontalo. The research is qualitative which used the phenomenology approach.
The research results showed that discipline fostering usually refers to following student life rules (Perdupsis) and school vision and mission. A Semi-military discipline adopts not only the attributes and participation of TNI (Indonesian National Armed Forces) and Brimob, particularly during the New Student Orientation but disciplinary behavior in dormitory life and the nature of state defense education. As for fostering religious discipline by adopting the Pesantren education system therefore this school is also known as the Islamic Boarding School by accustoming to the discipline of worship, particularly prayer in the congregation, providing rewards and punishment with different treatment as a religious motivation and providing material in Islamic studies in mosques.
Factors Affecting Online Shopping Behaviour of Boutique Products in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Sah Gunja Kumari 
Published: August 2021

The Internet significantly influences people's beliefs and habits all around the world. As a result of this blessing, online shopping has flourished, influencing the lives of ordinary people. This research aims to learn more about how people shop for boutique products online and identify the major influential factors. The research was constructed using a positivist approach and a descriptive and causal research design. Data were obtained from the 325 samples of respondents at Kathmandu valley through convenience sampling techniques. A total of 450 structure questionnaires were distributed, and 360 were returned. 35 questionnaires were judged to be invalid, while the remaining 325 were referred to as valid questionnaires, entered into SPSS version 20 for the analysis. The result revealed that trust, firm reputation, and ease of use are significant at a 5percent level of significance. However, there was an insignificant relationship between price and online shopping behaviour. Firm reputation and ease of use were the major influential factor of online shopping of boutique products. The study will help the boutique business to develop their strategies as per the consumer need.
The relationship between cardiac dosimetry and tumour quadrant location in left sided whole breast and chest wall adjuvant radiotherapy
Authors: Masannat Yazan A. , Lazaraviciute Gabija , Garbett Ian K. , Shivakumar Natesh , Brownlee Brittany V. , Gagliardi Tanja , Bromiley Andrew , Heys Steven D. , Sharma Ravi 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy after breast surgery decreases locoregional recurrence and improves survival. This is not without risks from radiation exposure and could have implications in clinical practice. Our study investigates the correlation between tumour location and radiation dose to the heart. METHODS: Left-sided breast cancer patients who had radiotherapy at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary in 2010 were identified. Tumour location was established from notes and imaging. Radiotherapy planning scans were reviewed, and cardiac doses calculated. The mean cardiac dose, maximum dose and volume of the heart in the field, along with V5-V40, were determined. RESULTS: 40 patients had mastectomies and 118 breast conserving surgery. The median percentage of the heart in the field and the Interquartile Range was 0.59% (0.03–1.74) for all patients, with the highest for lower inner quadrant (LIQ) tumours 1.20% (0.29–2.40), followed by mastectomy 0.94% (0.02-1.82). The mean heart dose showed a higher median for mastectomies 1.59 Gy (1.00-1.94), followed by LIQ tumours 1.58 Gy (1.31–2.28), with an overall median of 1.42 Gy (1.13–1.95). The median percentage of the heart in the field, the mean cardiac dose and V5-V30 did not reach statistical significance, however, V40 and the maximum dose did. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of radiotherapy after breast cancer surgery are established, but with potential harm from cardiac exposure. Our cohort showed higher radiation exposure to the heart in patients with LIQ tumours and mastectomies but reached significance only for V40 and maximum dose. This highlights tumour location as a potentially important risk factor for cardiac exposure with breast radiotherapy.
Nutrition and Fertilization of Palms in Containers
Authors: Broschat Timothy K. 
Published: August 2021

Palms growing in containers are susceptible to the same deficiencies that landscape palms experience, but the relative importance of the various deficiencies as well as their causes are different. Container substrates are generally more acidic and have greater nutrient-holding capacity than Florida native soils. Thus leaching and insolubility of nutrients are much less of a problem. Also, container-grown palms are often fertilized with more complete controlled-release fertilizers or regular liquid fertilization, which prevents most deficiencies from occurring. This document is ENH1010, one of a series of the Department of Environmental Horticulture, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2005.
ENH1010/EP262: Nutrition and Fertilization of Palms in Containers (ufl.edu)
Cypress Weevil, Eudociminus mannerheimii (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Mayfield, III Albert E. 
Published: August 2021

The cypress weevil, Eudociminus mannerheimii (Boheman), is a native insect that breeds primarily in scarred, weakened, or fallen bald cypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] L.C. Rich) and pond cypress (T. ascendens Brongn.). In Florida, adult feeding has caused limited wounding and girdling of pond cypress stump sprouts and planted seedlings. Small diameter bald cypress nursery stock has also been damaged by larvae tunneling through the main stem and root collar. Apart from entries in species checklists and catalogs, published information about the cypress weevil is extremely limited (Hopkins 1904, Blatchley and Leng 1916, Baker and Bambara 1999).
Although the cypress weevil has not been a frequent pest of major economic importance, its occasional damage should be recognized, and the lack of information regarding its biology, potential hosts, and management, warrants further research.
This document is EENY-360 (IN645) (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 415), one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Published: November 2005.
EENY-360/IN645: Cypress Weevil, Eudociminus mannerheimii (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (ufl.edu)
Toxicity of Tomato and Bell Pepper Insecticides/Miticides to Beneficial Insects
Authors: Mossler Mark A. 
Published: August 2021

This document contains a table that presents categories that were either obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency, Kopperts Side-Effects Database, UF/IFAS Pest Management Strategic Plans, or label interpretation. When different categories are listed for different life stages (e.g. highly toxic in larval stage but nontoxic as an adult), the more toxic category has been placed in the table. This document is PI-90, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Published December 2005.
Special Local Need Pesticide Registrations--24(c)
Authors: Fishel Frederick M. 
Published: August 2021

This document describes a unique type of pesticide registration – Special Local Need, also known as a 24(c) registration, and examples of situations where it is warranted. This document is PI-95, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date January 2006.
PI-95/PI132: Special Local Needs Pesticide Registrations—24(c) (ufl.edu)
PERIPHERAL NON_ ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS LEVELS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND BIPOLAR ILLNESS A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Acharya Rajendra Kumar , Gupta Rahul , Gehlot Sanjay 
Published: August 2021

Background: Nervous tissue is extremely sensitive to oxidative damage Recent studies show an elevated level of oxidative stress indicators in Schizophrenia. Current studies on oxidative stress in Schizophrenia mainly focus on enzymatic antioxidants, while limited studies have been carried out on non-enzymatic antioxidants Some studies discovered that plasma non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid, bilirubin, and albumin) in Schizophrenia are lower than those of healthy controls.
Aim: To compare levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants in Schizophrenia and bipolar illness.
Material and Methods: The present study is a hospital_ based cross-sectional study conducted among 100 patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective disorder included as per inclusion and exclusion criteria and undergone psychiatric assessment as per diagnostic criteria.
Results: S. albumin, S.bilirubin, S.uric acid were found to be low in Schizophrenia but statistically, the significant difference was evaluated for S.uric acid.
Conclusion: S. uric acid lower significant levels in Schizophrenia as compared to bipolar affective disorder shows the more impaired peripheral antioxidant scavenging system in Schizophrenia. However, pure peripheral antioxidant system dysfunction could not be ascertained in Schizophrenia through this study.
Keywords: nonenzymatic antioxidants, Schizophrenia, bipolar illness.
NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTIC RATIO (NLR) OR ALBUMIN-GLOBULIN RATIO (AGR) WHICH ONE IS A BETTER PREDICTOR MARKER IN ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF COVID-19 INFECTION
Authors: Barya Parul , Narang Sanjeev , Jain V. K. , Shrivastava Romi 
Published: August 2021

The current study retrospectively enrolled, 75 confirmed COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital from December 2020 to February 2021. The diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swab.
Demographic data and laboratory values were collected from medical records and patient file. The following variables were recorded for each COVID-19 patient: age, sex, chest CT severity scores of lung involvement at admission, history of Comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension were noted and laboratory findings like Absolute neutrophils count, Absolute lymphocytes count recorded from Complete blood count of patient and Serum albumin, globulin level recorded from Liver function test of patient.
This study proves that N-L ratio is more accurate predictor of severity of SARS-COVID-19 infection than A-G ratio with more sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and can be used as a severity marker in places where medical resources is limited. However, a larger study with more subjects requires for exact correlation.
Keywords: NLR, AGR, Severity & COVID-19.