bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatologic toxicities of targeted antineoplastic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in pediatric patients: A systematic review
Authors: Liu Lucy Y. , Teng Joyce M. C. , Spunt Sheri L. , Strelo Jenna L. , Kwong Bernice Y. , Zaba Lisa C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCutaneous adverse events (cAEs) from targeted antineoplastic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors are common in children with cancer and may lead to dose reduction or cessation of critical oncologic treatment. Timely diagnosis and proper management of cAEs in pediatric oncology patients is essential to optimize ongoing cancer‐directed therapy and improve quality of life. This systematic review of published studies summarizes dermatologic toxicities to targeted anticancer treatments and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Hypercalcemia is a frequent side effect of 13‐cis‐retinoic acid treatment in patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Hoemberg Marc , Schwenzfeur Ruth , Berthold Frank , Simon Thorsten , Hero Barbara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurpose13‐cis‐Retinoic acid (13‐cisRA) is used as a postconsolidation treatment in patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma. Hypercalcemia is a known side effect of retinoids. Frequency, symptoms, treatment, and risk factors for hypercalcemia were analyzed.PatientsData were retrospectively analyzed for 350 patients registered in the German Neuroblastoma trials NB97 and NB04 who were treated with high‐risk protocols—including myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) or maintenance therapy—and had received 13‐cisRA between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010.ResultsHypercalcemia was reported in 78 patients (22.3%), and 37 patients (10.6%) developed Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 3 or 4 hypercalcemia. The calcium levels were 2.5–4.6 mmol/L (median 3.1 mmol/L). Patients with a single kidney were at a higher risk of developing hypercalcemia (p = .001). Regarding postinduction treatment, 69 of 280 patients with SCT (24.6%) and nine of 70 patients without SCT (12.9%) developed hypercalcemia during 13‐cisRA treatment (p = .037). Most patients developed hypercalcemia in the first cycle of 13‐cisRA, and only in a single cycle. Hypercalcemia symptoms were frequent but moderate. In most patients, treatment with 13‐cisRA was continued without dose reduction in subsequent cycles.ConclusionIn this cohort, grades 3 and 4 hypercalcemia were observed more often than previously reported. A single kidney and pretreatment with myeloablative chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation were identified as potential risk factors for the development of hypercalcemia.
Twin twin transfusion syndrome with and without selective fetal growth restriction: Predictors of donor demise
Authors: Donepudi Roopali , Krispin Eyal , Mustafa Hiba , Espinoza Jimmy , Nassr Ahmed A. , Belfort Michael A. , Sanz Cortes Magdalena , Mostafaei Shayan , Harman Christopher , Turan Ozhan , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate survival in twin twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) with and without selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) after fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS).MethodsRetrospective study of monochorionic diamniotic twins undergoing FLS. The cohort was classified as TTTS and TTTS with sFGR. Baseline, intra‐operative and postoperative variables were analyzed. Mann–Whitney U, Pearson chi‐square, Fisher's exact, t‐test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed.ResultsFour hundred and ninety‐two pregnancies were included, 304 (61.78%) TTTS and 188 (38.22%) TTTS with sFGR. No difference in donor outcomes. TTTS group had higher donor estimated fetal weight (EFW%) percentile (19.7 ± 18.8 vs. 2.2 ± 2.1, p < 0.001). Significant predictors for demise at 30 days were 37% intertwin weight discordance (IWD) with donor EFW% < first (area under ROC curve [AUC] = 0.85, p = 0.001) or IWD >25% and intertwin umbilical artery pulsatility index discordance (DUAPI) ≥0.4 (AUC = 0.71, p = 0.001).ConclusionCombination of IWD of 37% and donor EFW% <first was most predictive for demise 30 days after birth. DUAPI ≥0.4 was also associated with increased risk for demise.
Treatment of modelling uncertainty of NLFEA in fib Model Code 2020
Authors: Engen Morten , Hendriks Max A. N. , Monti Giorgio , Allaix Diego L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhen non‐linear finite element analyses are used in design of new or assessment of existing concrete structures, one should account for the modelling uncertainty before conclusions are drawn based on the results. The present article describes the basis for how this topic is treated in the draft of fib Model Code 2020. There are two components of the modelling uncertainty: (i) within‐model, and (ii) between‐model. The within‐model uncertainty was estimated from a range of series of benchmark analyses gathered from the literature. Each series was assumed analyzed in a consistent manner, termed as the solution strategy. The main result for the within‐model component, is a set of prior parameters for Bayesian updating. In an application setting, the prior parameters should be updated after validating the selected solution strategy with a suite of relevant benchmark analyses, before using the mean and coefficient of variation in the Global Factor Method or calculating the modelling uncertainty factor to be used in the Partial Factors Method. Finally, results from blind‐prediction competitions were studied. With the present data, it cannot be concluded that a‐priori knowledge of the experimental outcome reduces the uncertainty in the prediction. Hence, there is no need for compensating for this effect by a separate partial factor.
Investigating the impact of internal standard heterogeneity on gold quantification with total reflection X‐ray fluorescence: A simulation study
Authors: Mankovskii Gabriella , Pejović‐Milić Ana 
Published: September 2021

Total reflection X‐ray Fluorescence (TXRF) is a powerful analytical tool with high detection sensitivity that has been applied to a variety of biological samples. While its ability to quantify gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in cancer cells has been demonstrated, the extension to tissue slices would be of interest. To that end, the preservation of the underlying tissue microstructure requires samples to be measured as microtome slices. In this form, internal standard spiking is warranted. Thus, it is important to examine the impact of sample heterogeneity on the TXRF's quantification accuracy. To address these questions, a TXRF spectrometer along with 5 μm thin heterogeneous and homogeneous samples were modeled using TOPAS. The simulation model generated TXRF spectra which were then analyzed to obtain recovery rates of Au in both sample types. The results showed near 100% recovery regardless of the elemental spatial distribution in the samples. This provides insights into the quantification potential for AuNPs inside tumors that are histologically processed into thin tissue slices. In addition, this simulation toolkit provides the first practical means of modeling TXRF spectroscopy which will hopefully be of use to the TXRF community.
Asymptotic Optimality of the Triangular Lattice for a Class of Optimal Location Problems
Authors: Bourne David P. , Cristoferi Riccardo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe prove an asymptotic crystallization result in two dimensions for a class of nonlocal particle systems. To be precise, we consider the best approximation with respect to the 2-Wasserstein metric of a given absolutely continuous probability measure$$f \mathrm {d}x$$fdxby a discrete probability measure$$\sum _i m_i \delta _{z_i}$$∑imiδzi, subject to a constraint on the particle sizes$$m_i$$mi. The locations$$z_i$$ziof the particles, their sizes$$m_i$$mi, and the number of particles are all unknowns of the problem. We study a one-parameter family of constraints. This is an example of an optimal location problem (or an optimal sampling or quantization problem) and it has applications in economics, signal compression, and numerical integration. We establish the asymptotic minimum value of the (rescaled) approximation error as the number of particles goes to infinity. In particular, we show that for the constrained best approximation of the Lebesgue measure by a discrete measure, the discrete measure whose support is a triangular lattice is asymptotically optimal. In addition, we prove an analogous result for a problem where the constraint is replaced by a penalization. These results can also be viewed as the asymptotic optimality of the hexagonal tiling for an optimal partitioning problem. They generalise the crystallization result of Bourne et al. (Commun Math Phys, 329: 117–140, 2014) from a single particle system to a class of particle systems, and prove a case of a conjecture by Bouchitté et al. (J Math Pures Appl, 95:382–419, 2011). Finally, we prove a crystallization result which states that optimal configurations with energy close to that of a triangular lattice are geometrically close to a triangular lattice.
Defining growth in small pulmonary nodules using volumetry: results from a “coffee-break” CT study and implications for current nodule management guidelines
Authors: Bartlett Emily C. , Kemp Samuel V. , Rawal Bhavin , Devaraj Anand 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives

An increase in lung nodule volume on serial CT may represent true growth or measurement variation. In nodule guidelines, a 25% increase in nodule volume is frequently used to determine that growth has occurred; this is based on previous same-day, test–retest (coffee-break) studies examining metastatic nodules. Whether results from prior studies apply to small non-metastatic nodules is unknown. This study aimed to establish the interscan variability in the volumetric measurements of small-sized non-metastatic nodules.

Methods
Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study. Between March 2019 and January 2021, 45 adults (25 males; mean age 65 years, range 37–84 years) with previously identified pulmonary nodules (30–150 mm3) requiring surveillance, without a known primary tumour, underwent two same-day CT scans. Non-calcified solid nodules were measured using commercial volumetry software, and interscan variability of volume measurements was assessed using a Bland–Altman method and limits of agreement.

Results
One hundred nodules (range 28–170 mm3; mean 81.1 mm3) were analysed. The lower and upper limits of agreement for the absolute volume difference between the two scans were − 14.2 mm3 and 12.0 mm3 respectively (mean difference 1.09 mm3, range − 33–12 mm3). The lower and upper limits of agreement for relative volume difference were − 16.4% and 14.6% respectively (mean difference 0.90%, range − 24.1–32.8%).

Conclusions
The interscan volume variability in this cohort of small non-metastatic nodules was smaller than that in previous studies involving lung metastases of varying sizes. An increase of 15% in nodule volume on sequential CT may represent true growth, and closer surveillance of these nodules may be warranted.

Key Points
• In current pulmonary nodule management guidelines, a threshold of 25% increase in volume is required to determine that true growth of a pulmonary nodule has occurred.
• This test–retest (coffee break) study has demonstrated that a smaller threshold of 15% increase in volume may represent true growth in small non-metastatic nodules.
• Closer surveillance of some small nodules growing 15–25% over a short interval may be appropriate.
Understanding model diversity in future precipitation projections for South America
Authors: Hodnebrog Ø. , Steensen B. M. , Marelle L. , Alterskjær K. , Dalsøren S. B. , Myhre G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrecipitation patterns are expected to change in the future climate, affecting humans through a number of factors. Global climate models (GCM) are our best tools for projecting large-scale changes in climate, but they cannot make reliable projections locally. To abate this problem, we have downscaled three GCMs with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to 50 km horizontal resolution over South America, and 10 km resolution for central Chile, Peru and southern Brazil. Historical simulations for years 1996–2005 generally compare well to precipitation observations and reanalyses. Future simulations for central Chile show reductions in annual precipitation and increases in the number of dry days at the end-of-the-century for a high greenhouse gas emission scenario, regardless of resolution and GCM boundary conditions used. However, future projections for Peru and southern Brazil are more uncertain, and simulations show that increasing the model resolution can switch the sign of precipitation projections. Differences in future precipitation changes between global/regional and high resolution (10 km) are only mildly influenced by the orography resolution, but linked to the convection parameterization, reflected in very different changes in dry static energy flux divergence, vertical velocity and boundary layer height. Our findings imply that using results directly from GCMs, and even from coarse-resolution (50 km) regional models, may give incorrect conclusions about regional-scale precipitation projections. While climate modelling at convection-permitting scales is computationally costly, we show that coarse-resolution regional simulations using a scale-aware convection parameterization, instead of a more conventional scheme, better mirror fine-resolution precipitation projections.
A retrospective study on the incidence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) associated with different preventive dental care modalities
Authors: Bacci Christian , Cerrato Alessia , Bardhi Elisa , Frigo Anna Chiara , Djaballah Selma Ahcene , Sivolella Stefano 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the efficacy of different preventive dental visits and treatments in reducing the risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ).

Methods
In this retrospective study, patients diagnosed with MRONJ were divided into 5 groups based on available data: no preventive dental visits (group 0); dental visits and compliance with recommended treatments, at the university hospital’s dental clinic (group 1) or maxillofacial surgery unit (group 2), or at a private dentist’s (group 3); dental visits at one of the above and noncompliance with proposed treatments (group 4); patients judged eligible by the oncologist on panoramic radiography (group 5). Patients were classified on severity of MRONJ according to the Italian SIPMO/SICMF 2.0 staging system. A descriptive analysis was performed on the results. Fisher’s exact test was applied (p < 0.05).

Results
Ninety-three patients diagnosed with MRONJ were considered for the study, but 22 were excluded due to a lack of data, leaving a sample of 71 cases. MRONJ staging was only 0 for some patients (26.92%) in group 0. In all groups, the majority of patients had stage 2 MRONJ. The proportions of cases in stage 3 were 7.69% in group 0, 18.18% in group 3, and 43.48% in group 5. Groups 0 and 3 were somewhat similar as regard MRONJ staging. Most patients in group 5 had MRONJ stage 2 or 3. No statistically significant differences emerged between the groups.

Conclusions
Preventive dental care can reduce the risk of MRONJ providing patients comply with the specialist’s recommendations.
The Influence of Surgical Weight Reduction on Left Atrial Strain
Authors: Strzelczyk Jakub , Kalinowski Piotr , Zieniewicz Krzysztof , Szmigielski Cezary , Byra Michał , Styczyński Grzegorz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity increases and surgical weight reduction decreases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that surgically induced weight loss may favorably affect left atrial (LA) mechanical function measured by longitudinal strain, which has recently emerged as an independent imaging biomarker of increased AF and HF risk.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated echocardiograms performed before and 12.2 ± 2.2 months after bariatric surgery in 65 patients with severe obesity (mean age 39 [36; 47] years, 72% of females) with no known cardiac disease or arrhythmia. The LA mechanical function was measured by the longitudinal strain using the semi-automatic speckle tracking method.

Results
After surgery, body mass index decreased from 43.72 ± 4.34 to 30.04 ± 4.33 kg/m2. We observed a significant improvement in all components of the LA strain. LA reservoir strain (LASR) and LA conduit strain (LASCD) significantly increased (35.7% vs 38.95%, p = 0.0005 and − 19.6% vs − 24.4%, p < 0.0001) and LA contraction strain (LASCT) significantly decreased (− 16% vs − 14%, p = 0.0075). There was a significant correlation between an increase in LASR and LASCD and the improvement in parameters of left ventricular diastolic and longitudinal systolic function (increase in E’ and MAPSE). Another significant correlation was identified between the decrease in LASCT and an improvement in LA function (decrease in A’).

Conclusions
The left atrial mechanical function improves after bariatric surgery. It is partially explained by the beneficial effect of weight reduction on the left ventricular diastolic and longitudinal systolic function. This effect may contribute to decreased risk of AF and HF after bariatric surgery.

Graphical abstract
Association Between Iodine Nutritional Status and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Beijing, China: a Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Yuan Ning , Sun Jianbin , Zhao Xin , Du Jing , Nan Min , Zhang QiaoLing , Ji Linong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIodine is an essential trace element for humans and the main raw material for thyroid hormone synthesis. However, the association between iodine nutritional status and adverse pregnancy outcomes in different regions remains controversial. This single-center cohort study was focused on the association between iodine nutritional status and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Beijing, China. We enrolled 726 pregnant women who were registered at the Peking University International Hospital between February 2017 and December 2019. To analyze the association between iodine nutritional status variations and adverse pregnancy outcomes, this study cohort included 390 (53.72%) participants with iodine deficiency, 206 (28.37%) with an adequate iodine level, 103 (14.19%) with a more than adequate iodine level, and 27 (3.72%) with iodine excess, according to the urinary iodine (UI) status of pregnant women. After adjusting for age, body mass index, parity, and history of spontaneous abortion, we identified iodine deficiency as a risk factor for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity [odds ratio (OR), 3.646; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.658–8.017], anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) positivity (OR, 3.109; 95% CI, 1.465–6.599), and thyroid autoimmunity (OR, 2.885; 95% CI, 1.539–5.407). There was a non-linear relationship between UI and the concentrations of TPOAb and TGAb (Pnon-linear < 0.05). Iodine deficiency during the first trimester is a risk factor for thyroid autoantibody positivity. The relationship between UI and the concentrations of TPOAb and TGAb follows a nearly U-shaped curve. Thus, physicians should critically consider the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women during the first trimester. Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02966405
Effect of silica nano particles on the rheological and HTHP filtration properties of environment friendly additive in water-based drilling fluid
Authors: Prakash Ved , Sharma Neetu , Bhattacharya Munmun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRheological and filtration properties of drilling fluid contribute a vital role in successful drilling operations. Rheological parameters such as apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP) and gel strength of drilling fluids are very essential for hydraulic calculations and lifting of drill cuttings during the drilling operation. Control of filtration loss volume is also very important for cost effective and successful drilling operations. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to improve the rheological and filtration properties of Grewia Optiva fibre powder (GOFP) by using 30–50 nm size of silica nano particles (SNP) in water-based drilling fluid. The experimental outcomes revealed that after hot rolling of mud samples at 100 °C for 16 h, the low pressure-low temperature (LPLT) and high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) filtration loss of GOFP additives was improved, after the addition of SNP on it. The mixture of 5% GOFP + 4% SNP has reduced the LPLT and HPHT filtration loss of drilling fluid by 74.03 and 78.12%, respectively, as compared to base mud. Thus, it was concluded that after the addition of 0.4% SNP, the LPLT and HPHT filtration control ability of GOFP additive in WBM were increased by 17.6 and 15%, respectively. The rheological parameters such as AV, PV, YP and gelation of drilling fluids were also improved by the addition of GOFP + SNP mixture in the base mud. Therefore, the implementation of GOFP + SNP mixture in water-based mud showed auspicious results which reaffirm the feasibility of using them in the successful drilling operations.
A unique case of Miller Fisher-Guillain-Barré overlap syndrome in a liver transplant recipient
Authors: Ramirez-Sanchez Claudia , Syed Rehan , Meier Angela , LaBuzetta Jamie Nicole , Hylton Diana J. , Taremi Mahnaz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGuillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an ascending demyelinating polyneuropathy often associated with recent infection. Miller Fisher syndrome represents a variant with predominant facial and cranial nerve involvement, although Miller Fisher and Guillain-Barré overlap syndromes can occur. Guillain-Barré spectrum syndromes have been thought to be rare among solid organ transplant recipients. We describe an immunocompromised patient with a liver transplant who presented with ophthalmoplegia and bulbar deficits. His symptoms rapidly progressed to a state of descending paralysis involving the diaphragm; he then developed acute respiratory failure and eventually developed quadriparesis. Electromyography and a nerve conduction study demonstrated a severe sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy consistent with Miller Fisher variant Guillain-Barré syndrome. Despite several negative nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction, a serology for SARS-CoV-2 IgG was positive. He was diagnosed with Miller Fisher-Guillain-Barré overlap syndrome with rapid recovery following treatment with plasma exchange. Although Guillain-Barré is a rare complication in solid organ transplant recipients, this case highlights the importance of rapid diagnosis and treatment of neurologic complications in transplant patients. Furthermore, it demonstrates a possible case of neurological complications from COVID-19 infection.