bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on use of agrochemical in agriculture and need of organic farming in Nepal
Authors: Makaju Susan , Kurunju Kabita 
Published: September 2021

The growing use of chemical pesticides haphazardly and their harmful influence on ecosystem and human health highlight the necessity for safe and sustainable organic production in our time. The article reviews a general overview of organic farming; the impact of organic farming on soil health and climate mitigation in comparison with conventional farming practice in Nepal. The article identifies the problems and possibilities of organic farming to resuscitate the pesticide-dominated conventional practice in Nepal. Organic farming now has been embedded in the natural agriculture policy in Nepal. Organic farming benefits in terms of environmental protection along with better living health. Various governmental and non-governmental bodies, farmers, and individuals are working to promote organic farming in Nepal. With the increase in awareness of health and environmental concerns, the adoption of organic agriculture and the demand for organic agricultural products is increasing. It holds a great prospect in countries like ours where an integrated crop-livestock system is still prevalent in many parts of the country. As a result, an organic farming system in Nepal must be thoroughly investigated and supported through proper regulations and tactics. It is urged to supplant pesticide-based conventional farming with organic farming that leads towards agricultural sustainability for the upcoming generation.
A review on the effect of heat stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Karki Preeti , Subedi Enzy , Acharya Garima , Bashyal Manisha , Dawadee Nistha , Bhattarai Srijana 
Published: September 2021

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. It ranks first (in the world) and third (in Nepal) in terms of productivity and total cropped area. Worldwide, wheat provides nearly 55% of the carbohydrates and 20% of the food calories. The ideal temperature for its cultivation is about 15°-20°C. Among several abiotic factors, heat stress is one of the major factors affecting wheat production. Wheat is very sensitive to heat stress. Each degree rise in the temperature can decrease wheat yield by 6%. This review is written with an aim to reflect the influence of heat stress in the production of wheat and the mechanism of how loss in yield occurs. Some of the major findings of this research are : (a) Heat stress negatively effects germination, emergence, root growth, leaf, stem development and growth, tillering, grain yield and quality (b) A sharp decline in photosynthesis is evident when wheat plant is exposed to high temperature stress during vegetative or reproductive phase (c) With increases in temperature, rate of respiration is greater than the rate of photosynthesis which ultimately leads to carbon starvation (d) High temperature fastens the crop growth by making it to enter into jointing stage and reproductive stage earlier than normal resulting in decreased crop yield. The identification of such effects of heat stress in our crop helps us adopt several strategies or methods to mitigate the impacts on crop yields and improve tolerance to heat stress.
Fungal diversity inhabited with trees and their conservation in Bukki Top in upper great Himalaya
Authors: Shankhwar Rajeev , Yadav Abhishek , Pandey Vijay Vardhan 
Published: September 2021

This investigation was aimed to explore the biodiversity of upper great Himalayas range with special reference to the flora and its conservation. The natural landscape and high altitude meadows (Bugyal) enhanced the beauty of Uttarakhand. Bukki village and Bukki top one of the gorgeous region locate in Uttarkashi district of Uttrakhand state, fall on the opposite side of the national highway NH-108 and connect the Gangotri Glacier via Harsil. The present article is the description of the flora of the Bukki region and, we tried to mainly focus on different fungus species and disease on trees, observed during the trek. Some important fungus species observed are Daldinia concentric, Trichaptum biforme, Fomes fomentarius and Daedalea quercina. We also describe each fungus attributes and habitat distribution description.
Mediación para prevenir los factores de riesgo psicosocial
Authors: Quintero-De-Moya Hamudy-Fabian 
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal mostrar al lector la realidad de los factores de riesgo psicosocial. La globalización, la tecnología y la economía son elementos importantes en la actualidad para el mundo empresarial, pero esto no quiere decir que existan mejoras en la prevención de los riesgos psicosociales por parte de las empresas incluso países, los datos muestran la gravedad de la situación con respecto a los accidentes y enfermedades labores que inciden directamente con la calidad de vida de la clase trabajadora, además la psicología organizacional juega un papel importante en la prevención y protección de los empleados, disciplinas como la seguridad e higiene laboral ayudan a entender cómo se debería prevenir los riesgos dentro de una organización no obstante, existen mecanismo como los métodos de Solución de conflictos (MSC) que contribuirán a solucionar conflictos dentro de las organizaciones y evitar que se den los riesgos psicosociales, de esta manera se abordara específicamente la mediación, el cual es un método avalado científicamente que tiene como objetivo resolver cualquier tipo de conflicto entre empleado y empleador, para así mejorar las condiciones de trabajo y la calidad de vida de los trabajadores.
Validez de contenido y confiablidad de un instrumento de medición para determinar los factores psicosociológicos que impactan en la intención de compra de productos extranjeros en los consumidores mexicanos
Authors: Morán-Huertas Alexis Jazmín , López Alfonso , Mendoza Joel , Alarcon Gustavo 
Published: September 2021

En esta investigación se creó un instrumento de medición relacionado con variables del área de la psicología y de la sociología para medir la relación entre las variables y contribuir a la determinación de los factores psicosociológicos que impactan en la intención de compra de productos extranjeros en los consumidores mexicanos, lo cual, permitió cumplir con el objetivo de esta investigación. Dicho instrumento de medición fue validado por parte de varios expertos en el área de la investigación y fue considerado confiable con base en los resultados de la prueba de Alfa de Cronbach debido a que los coeficientes se encuentran en un rango de 0.84 a 0.95. El instrumento validado y confiable se conformó finalmente por 67 ítems. Por lo tanto, es de suma importancia que antes de encuestar a la población objetivo, se determine la validez de contenido y se realicen los análisis de confiabilidad pertinentes con la finalidad de eliminar ítems que no miden lo que realmente deben de medir.
Dom Luís Antônio dos Santos, primeiro Bispo do Ceará (1861-1881) e Arcebispo da Bahia (1881-1890)
Authors: Azzi Riolando 
Published: September 2021

Um dos aspectos que merece ser relevado na história da Igreja do Brasil do século passado é o movimento de reforma católica, sob a liderança do episcopado.
Um dos promotores mais destacados do movimento foi D. Antônio Ferreira Viçoso, bispo de Mariana, criador de uma verdadeira escola de bispos reformadores. Dentre seus primeiros discípulos e colaboradores três merecem menção especial: D. João Antônio dos Santos, bispo de Diamantina, D. Pedro Maria de Lacerda, bispo do Rio de Janeiro, e D. Luís Antônio dos Santos, bispo do Ceará e posteriormente arcebispo da Bahia.
É a atuação deste último, especificamente na área da luta pela reforma e pela liberdade da Igreja, que queremos analisar com mais detalhe no presente estudo...
„Symbole geben zu denken”? Theoretische und didaktische Überlegungen zur Reflexionsphilosophie Paul Ricoeurs
Authors: Morawski Marcin 
Published: September 2021

Current thinking is strongly oriented towards the logos and sees the need for demythologizing. The myth seems to belong to past forms of consciousness that belong to a "naive" worldview. Today's thinking, however, has to be based on the ratio in still in the tradition of Descartes. Based on Paul Ricoeurs' philosophy of reflection, this article aims to show that the integration of symbolic forms like the myth but also poetry into today's thinking should not be understood as a departure from the logos, but rather as its expansion with ontological relevance. Finally, it should be explored to what extent such a way of thinking proves to be productive for educational processes.
Anti-diabetic Agents and the Potentials for Reducing Cardiovascular Risks in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ezeani IU , Eregie A , Ohwovoriole AE 
Published: September 2021

Recent reports from Cardiovascular Outcome Trials (CVOTs) revealed that some newer anti-diabetic drugs impact Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE). These medications include the Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter (SGLT2) inhibitors and the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. There is a need for a review of the mechanisms of action of these drugs, in addition to their glucose-lowering effects and CV benefits. This review paper aims to explore the cardio-protective effects and CV risks of anti-diabetic medications, their mechanisms of action and the CV benefits evidenced by CVOTs. Using internet search, with search items such as Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular outcome trials, major adverse cardiovascular events, sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, the Google Scholar, EMBASE, PubMed, Medline, Web MD, and Scopus were checked for various relevant published articles. Analyses of the results of multiple CVOTs from various parts of the world were considered. These CVOTs were reviewed to assess the role of anti-diabetic agents in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM. The SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agonists were found to be beneficial in lowering MACE when compared with placebo. This is in addition to their anti-hyperglycaemic benefits.
In conclusion, SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists confer dramatic beneficial CV risk reduction on patients with T2DM, as shown by the various CVOTs. This is in addition to their anti-hyperglycaemic effects. This remarkable benefit justifies the need by various guidelines to adopt them as second line agents to metformin in managing patients with T2DM.
Awareness and Preparedness for the Ongoing Community Spread of Coronavirus Infections Among Healthcare Workers in a Nigerian Private Tertiary Facility
Authors: Ladele AE , Ogunkoya JO , Elikwu CJ , Oyedele TA , Tuta KE , Abiodun O , Idowu A , Eigbe S 
Published: September 2021

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting and spreading the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease putting themselves, the patients and the community at large at risk. Therefore, there is a need for adequate preparedness in the face of this pandemic.
Objectives: To assess the knowledge of HCW (clinical and non-clinical) on COVID-19, determine the level of HCWs preparedness against COVID-19 and evaluate the level of preparedness of the hospital facility against COVID-19.
Methods: Purposive sampling technique was used in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from a validated questionnaire was used to collect appropriate data on socio-demographics, knowledge about COVID 19 and preparedness.
Results: A total of 170 HCWs with a mean age of 34.7±6.9 years participated in this study. More than half (56.5%; 96/170) were females. The average knowledge score among clinical staff was 9.04±13.77, with 80 clinical staff having good knowledge of COVID-19. The majority of non-clinical staff had a fair knowledge of COVID-19 with an average knowledge score of 5.11±47.07. About 63.4% were not confident enough in caring for a suspected coronavirus case even though more than half (57.6%) have had formal training in Infection Prevention and Control and above 77% (131/170) confirmed the availability of PPE in their facility. However, about three-quarters (74.7%; 127/170) believed the hospital is well prepared to manage COVID-19 cases.
Conclusion: This study revealed that this cohort of HCWs have good knowledge of COVID-19 and are convinced that they and their facility are well prepared for outbreaks of COVID-19.
Uterine carcinosarcoma: a rare cause for postmenopausal bleeding
Authors: Ojha Neebha , Shrestha Eliza , Mally Jasma , Pandey Rupam , Rai Snigdha 
Published: September 2021

Uterine carcinosarcoma is a rare aggressive tumor also known as Malignant Mixed MullerianTumor. Prognosis is poor with 30-40% having extrauterine involvement at the first presentation and over 10% with distant metastasis. The primary treatment is surgery, along with radio-chemotherapy. We report a case of uterine carcinosarcoma in a 65 y para four lady who presented with blood mixed discharge per vagina for one month and polypoidal mass protruding through the cervical os. Endometrial biopsy showed carcinosarcoma. She was managed with surgery. She received adjuvant chemotherapy paclitaxel and carboplatin. There was no recurrence at six months follow-ups.
Gynecologic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: Patan Hospital experience
Authors: Pradhan Malla Anagha , Gurung Padma , Lama Sushma , Shrestha Thapa Reena 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for health care services including safe and effective surgery. This study aims to analyze gynecological surgery delivery during COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: Data on gynecologic surgeries performed at Patan Hospital from 01 Jan to 31 Dec,2020 during pre-lockdown , lockdown and post-lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed from medical record for surgical procedures, blood transfusion, ICU stay, length of hospital stay, mortality, COVID-19 PCR positive cases. Chi-square and Anova tests were used to compare between three periods, p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethical approval was obtained.
Result: Out of 413 surgeries, 149(36.1%) were done during pre-lockdown, 116(28.1%) during lockdown and 148(35.8%) during post-lockdown period. Major surgery was 155(37.5%), minor 249(60.3%), minimally invasive 9(2.2%) and 61(14.8%) required blood transfusion. Mean hospital stay was 3.75±3.711 d, 15(3.63%) stayed in ICU following procedure and 1(0.2%) expired. Thirteen patients were suspected with COVID-19 infection 8 were PCR positive.
Conclusion: There was decrease in major procedures during lockdown period.
Perception of nursing students towards online learning during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rana Khagi Bina , Panthee Bimala , Pun Khagi Maya , Shrestha Sapana 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: During COVID-19 pandemic, many academic institutions in Nepal and the world turned to online learning. The present study aimed to explore nursing students’ perception towards online learning.
Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to identify the perception of nursing students towards online learning in School of Nursing and Midwifery, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), Lalitpur, Nepal during October 2020. A total enumerative sampling technique was used to collect data. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of PAHS. Data were collected using a self-developed structured questionnaire via Google form. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard division) and Chi-square test was used to analyze the data.
Result: Out of 348 nursing students, it was found that 186(53.4%) of the nursing students had positive perception and 162(46.6%) of the students had negative perceptions towards online learning during COVID-19 pandemic. The perception was associated with the academic year, access to the internet, need for use of mobile data, and academic level.
Conclusion: The overall perception of nursing students is not satisfactory towards online learning. Academic institution should plan the online learning giving the priorities on the factors associated with negative perception so that students can learn effectively through virtual.
Hemodynamic changes after spinal anesthesia in children below the age of four years
Authors: Shrestha Rikal Man , Gurung Sunita , Prajapati Sujan Surya , Pokharel Biplav , Shrestha Indra Kumar , Shrestha Manoj Krishna , Ghimire Sadikshya , Jha Brahma Dev 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Introduction: Spinal anesthesia has become the anesthesia of choice for most of the surgeries of the abdominal-pelvic region. Cited with benefits such as lesser risks of apnea, minimal cardiopulmonary alteration, and abnormalities associated with neurocognitive development, it incorporates all components of balanced anesthesia, especially in pediatric surgeries. Encouraging results on the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of spinal anesthesia has increased its utility. The objective of our study was to assess the hemodynamic change occurring in children below four years undergoing lower abdominal and pelvic surgeries following spinal anesthesia.
Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted over 2 years and includes children undergoing surgery of the lower abdomen in Kathmandu Model Hospital. The information was data regarding patients' demography, hemodynamic status prior, during, and after the procedure of spinal anesthesia, measuring systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), sensory and motor block characteristics (modified Bromage scale) and complications.
Result: The intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamics did not show major differences. The mean peak sensory level was T4 (C7-T10) during the block. Recovery of sensory and motor blocks was complete in all patients. Modified Bromage scale was 1 in 57(98.27%), 2 h post-surgery. The average duration of the block was 75 min (30-180). 1(1.72%) patient developed apnea during the surgery.
Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia in small children showed minimal variation in intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamics and is a safer mode of anesthesia with sparing of respiratory alterations seen with general anesthesia.
Changes in Adolescents’ Dietary Intake Following the Initiation of an 8-Week Exercise Program
Authors: Pouliot Catherine , Biagé Alyssa , Prud’homme Denis , Giroux Isabelle 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To assess changes in dietary intake of adolescents following an 8-week aerobic exercise program. Methods: Twenty-six adolescents (14–18 years) participated in an 8-week aerobic exercise program on cycle ergometer at their high school in Quebec, Canada. Twenty-four hour recalls were collected pre- and post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired sample t-tests were used to assess differences in energy and dietary intake parameters (food quantity, diet quality, eating patterns) between pre- and postintervention. Results: A decrease in total daily energy intake (–287.8 kcal, P = 0.007), in meal size at lunch (–110.1 g, P = 0.02) and dinner (–143.7 g, P = 0.03), in food density at breakfast (–1.8 kcal/g, P = 0.04), in daily carbohydrate intake (–56.1 g, P = 0.005), and in percentage of energy intake consumed at school (–5.1%, P = 0.04) were observed following initiation of an aerobic exercise program. No change in healthy eating index scores or percentage of energy from processed foods was observed. Conclusions: Changes in energy intake, food quantity, and eating pattern but not diet quality (Healthy Eating Index or food processing scores) were observed following the initiation of an aerobic exercise program. Nutrition interventions may be needed, in addition to an exercise program, to target diet quality and promote healthy eating habits in adolescents.
Analysis of technological schemes for creating a geodetic control at the industrial site
Authors: Ustavich Georgii , Nevolin Anatolii , Padve Vladimir , Salnikov Valerii , Nikonov Anton 
Published: September 2021

The article highlights the issues of creating with the necessary accuracy a planned control on the industrial site of the engineering structures under construction using satellite technologies and total stations. Depending on the design features of the engineering structures under construction, as well as the technological scheme for the installation of building constructions and industrial equipment, various schemes for creating such control are considered, based on the application of the inverse linear-angular notch.
Errors in the source data are one of the main errors that affect the accuracy of geodetic constructions, including the solution of the inverse linear-angular notch. When creating a geodetic network in several stages, the errors of the initial data of the first stage affect the values of the root-mean-square errors (RMS) of determining the position of the second stage points, the errors of which affect the value of the RMS of the position of the third stage points, etc. The reason for their occurrence is the errors of geodetic measurements that occur at each stage of control creating, as well as the stability violation of the points during the production of excavation, construction and installation works. When determining the coordinates of a separate project point at the stage of its removal in-situ by a total station, the entire network is not equalized in the vast majority of cases, and the coordinates of the starting points to which the total station is oriented are considered error-free. As a result, the RMS determination of the points coordinates of the control network or the removal of the design points of the elements of building structures and equipment will also be considered satisfying the requirements, i.e. the measurement accuracy will be artificially overestimated and will not correspond to the actual one obtained. This is due to the fact that the accumulation of errors in the initial data is not taken into account when the number of steps (stages) of control creating increases.
The purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of measurement errors and initial data when creating a geodetic control on an industrial site by several stages of its construction based on inverse linear-angular notches and a priori estimation of the accuracy of the determined points position.
خصائص الأداء التمثيلي لشخصية الأم في عروض مسرح الطفل العراقي
Authors: Diwan Salman Mazhar 
Published: September 2021

جاء هذا البحث (خصائص الأداء التمثيلي لشخصية الأم في مسرح الطفل العراقي) للتعرف على آليات اشتغال الممثل في تجسيد شخصية الأم في مسرح الطفل والوصول إلى خصائص الأداء.
وقد اشتمل البحث على أربعة فصول: تضمن الأول منها الإطار المنهجي للبحث مشكلة البحث والحاجة إليه المرتكزة على الاستفهام الآتي: كيف يمكن التعرف على خصائص أداء شخصية الأم في مسرح الطفل وما هي السبل لأدائها وكيفية تقديمها من الممثل المسرحي العراقي، ثم أهمية البحث وهدفه وحدوده وتحديد المصطلحات.
أما الفصل الثاني (الإطار النظري) فقد قسم إلى مبحثين: المبحث الأول: وقد قسمه الباحث إلى:

شخصية الأم وجوانبها النفسية والاجتماعية.
شخصية الأم ودورها التربوي في المسرح.

المبحث الثاني: خصائص الأداء التمثيلي في مسرح الطفل، والذي جرى التطرق فيه إلى الأساليب الأدائية الرئيسة في مسرح الطفل والتقنيات (الصوتية والجسدية) المستعملة في الأداء.
أما الفصل الثالث (إجراءات البحث)، فقد اشتمل على مجتمع البحث ومنهج البحث وتحديد العينة التي ارتأى الباحث أن تكون قصدية انتقائية، ثم أداة البحث، وأخيراً جرى تحليل العينة التي ركزت على الأداء التمثيلي لشخصية الأم في مسرح الطفل في العرض المسرحي (الحمامة الوديعة).
في حين تضمن الفصل الرابع مناقشة النتائج والاستنتاجات التي ترتبط بالهدف والتوصيات والمقترحات، وبعدها قائمة المصادر والمراجع من ثم الملاحق.