bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Facile Preparation of Multicolor Carbon Dots
Authors: Yu Risheng , Liang Sen , Ru Yi , Li Lu , Wang Zhikun , Chen Junlang , Chen Liang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) were preparedby classic critic acid and thiourea as precursors, modulating the volume ratio of solvent that is water and DMF under one-pot solvothermal reaction to prepared colortunable CDs with emissive wavelength from 450 nm to 640 nm. The distinct optical features of these CDs are basis with their differences in the particle size, and the content of the C-N/C-S and -C≡N, which can be adjusted by controlling the decomposed and carbonization processes during solvothermal reaction.Furthermore, the CDs have significantly potential to be achievedcontinuous luminescence emitting spectrum by modulating minor distinction which control the ratio of solvent, solvothermal reaction time and temperature. Therefore, the study achieved an efficient approach to tune the color and photoluminescence mechanism of CDs, promote the potential applications in biological and anti-counterfeiting inks.
Ecological Performance of Multifunctional Pesticide Tolerant Strains of Mesorhizobium Sp. In Chickpea With Recommended Pendimethalin, Ready-mix of Pendimethalin and Imazethpyr, Carbendazim and Chlorpyrifos Application
Authors: Mansotra Pallavi , Sharma Poonam , Sirari Asmita , Aggarwal Navneet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present study was designed to screen the Mesorhizobium strains (50) for tolerance in four recommended pesticides for chickpea. It was followed by in-vitro development of robust pesticide tolerant strains by growth in pesticides amended media over several generations. Further, verification of the multifunctional traits of pesticide tolerant mesorhizobia under pesticide stress was conducted in-vitro. Among different pesticides, significantly high tolerance in Mesorhizobium strains was observed with recommended doses of pendimethalin (37%) and ready-mix (36%) followed by chlorpyrifos (31%) and carbendazim (30%), on an overall basis. Based on multifunctional traits, Mesorhizobium strains viz. MR2, MR17 and recommended MR33 were the most promising. Ecological performance of the potential Mesorhizobium strains alone and in dual-inoculation with recommended PGP rhizobacterium strain RB-1 (Pseudomonas argenttinensis JX239745.1) was further analyzed in field following standard pesticide application in PBG-7 and GPF-2 chickpea varieties for two consecutive rabi seasons (2015 and 2016). Dual-inoculant treatments; recommended RB-1+MR33 (4.1%) and RB-1+MR2 (3.8%) significantly increased the grain yield over Mesorhizobium alone treatments viz MR33 and MR2, respectively. Grain yield in PBG7 variety was significantly affected (7.3%) by the microbial inoculant treatments over GPF2 variety. Therefore, the potential pesticide tolerant strains MR2 and MR33 can be further explored as compatible dual-inoculants with recommended RB-1 for chickpea under environmentally stressed conditions (pesticide application) at multiple locations. Our approach using robust multifunctional pesticide tolerant Mesorhizobium for bio-augmentation of chickpea with might be helpful in the formulation of effective bio-inoculants consortia in establishing successful chickpea–Mesorhizobium symbiosis.
SARS-CoV-2 Neurotropism and Single Cell Responses in Brain Organoids Containing Innately Developing Microglia
Authors: Samudyata Samudyata , Oliveira Ana , Malwade Susmita , de Sousa Nuno Rufino , Goparaju Sravan , Orhan Funda , Steponaviciute Laura , Sheridan Steven , Perlis Roy , Rothfuchs Antonio , Sellgren Carl 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Neuropsychiatric manifestations are common in both acute and post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the mechanism of these effects is unknown. Here, we derive human brain organoids with innately developing microglia to investigate the cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection on a single cell level. We find evidence of limited tropism to SARS-CoV-2 and observe extensive neuronal cell death that also include non-infected cells. Single cell transcriptome profiling reveals distinct responses in microglia and astrocytes that share features with cellular states observed in neurodegenerative diseases, includes upregulation of genes with relevance for synaptic stripping, and suggests altered blood brain barrier integrity. Across all cell types, we observe a global translational shut-down as well as altered carbohydrate metabolism and cellular respiration. Together, our findings provide insights into cellular responses of the resident brain immune cells to SARS-CoV-2 and pinpoint mechanisms that may be of relevance for the neuropathological changes observed in COVID-19 patients.
Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated-nanobody-based blocking ELISA for the rapid and sensitive clinical detection of African swine fever virus antibodies
Authors: Zhao Huijun , Ren Jiahui , Wu Shuya , Du Yongkun , Wan Bo , Zhuang Guoqing , Ji Pengchao , Wu Yanan , Zhang Angke , Zhang Gaiping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

African swine fever (ASF), which is caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease that affects pigs and has the potential to cause mortality in almost 100% of domestic pigs and wild boars. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine, the control of ASF must depend on early, efficient, cost-effective detection and strict control and elimination strategies. Traditional molecular and serological testing methods are generally associated with high testing costs, complex operations and high technical requirements. As a promising alternative diagnostic tool to traditional antibodies, nanobodies (Nb) have the advantages of simpler and faster generation, good stability and solubility, and high affinity and specificity. The application of Nbs in the detection of ASFV antibodies in the serum has not yet been reported, to the best of our knowledge.
Results

Using a phage display technology, one specific Nb against the ASFV p54 protein that exhibited high specificity and affinity to the protein, Nb83, was successfully screened. Nb83 was labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to create an Nb83-HRP fusion protein in 293T cells. Following the optimization of the reaction conditions, the Nb83-HRP fusion protein was successfully used to establish a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect ASFV-specific antibodies in pig serum, for the first time. The cutoff value for the blocking ELISA was 39.16%. A total of 210 serum samples were tested using the developed blocking ELISA and a commercial ELISA kit. The specificity of the blocking ELISA was 100%, and the limit of detection was 1:5,120 in inactivated ASFV antibody-positive reference serum samples, with the coincidence rate between the two methods being 98.57%.
Conclusions

A specific, sensitive and repeatable blocking ELISA was successfully developed based on the unique Nb as a probe, providing a promising method for the detection of anti-ASFV antibodies in clinical pig serum.
A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis Between Maternal Fish Oil Supplement And Risk of Asthma/Wheeze In Offspring
Authors: Jia Yin , Huang Yafang , Wang Huili , Jiang Haili 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Prenatal exposure to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) present in oily fish may prevent asthma or wheeze in childhood.Objective: By limiting this systematic review to fish oil intervention that commenced in the gestational period, we aim to find more clear evidences about the relationship between supplement with fish oil during pregnancy and the risk of asthma/wheeze in offspring, and to improve the life satisfaction of children who suffered asthma.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the following database: PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, the Cochrane library, and Embase up to February 2021. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data of the characteristics, and assessed risk of bias. Eight randomized controlled trials totaling 3,037 mother-infant pairs were analyzed in the end. “Allergic asthma” and “asthma and/or wheeze” were assessed in our meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Dose–response data was examined using the robust-error meta-regression method.Results: This meta-analysis showed that n-3 PUFA during pregnancy did not significantly reduce the risk of asthma/wheeze (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.82 to1.04, p=0.21) and allergic asthma (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.86, p=0.44). Subgroup analyses revealed that the risk of childhood asthma/wheeze was significantly decreased: (1) in Europe (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.89), (2) when the dose was ≥1200 mg/d (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.88), (3) when supplementation started after gestational age 22 (RR 0.65; 95%CI 0.50 to 0.85), (4) when supplementation was from pregnancy to lactation (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.95). Furthermore, the linear dose–response analysis showed that when maternal supplementation of n-3 PUFA increased by 100mg/d, the risk of asthma/wheeze was reduced by 2%.Conclusions: Although perinatal replenishment of n-3 PUFA did not prevent allergic disease in offspring, under some conditions, it could reduce the incidence of asthma/wheeze and allergic asthma in children, and the higher the dose, the better the protective effect it has. Additional research is needed to confirm the hypothesis of a link between n-3 PUFA intake and prevention of childhood asthma/wheeze.
Dihydroartemisinin Ameliorates Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis and Epithelial Cellular Inflammation by Blocking the E2F7/HIF1α Pathway
Authors: Zhou Yan , Wang Jun-hao , Han Jian-peng , Feng Jian-yong , Guo Kuo , Du Fei , Chen Wen-bin , Li Yong-zhang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective: Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) has remained one of the most prevalent urological diseases, particularly in older men. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been identified as a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin that exhibits broad protective effects. However, the role of DHA in inhibiting CNP inflammation and prostatic epithelial cell proliferation remains largely unknown. Materials and Methods: CNP mice model was induced by carrageenan and Haemotoxylin Eosin (HE) ,immunofluorescence and immunochemistry staining were used to confirm CNP and E2F7 expression. Human prostatic epithelial cells (HPECs) and RWPE-1 was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic CNP model in vitro. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect proliferation and inflammatory genes expression. Cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay.Results: DHA significantly alleviated the rough epithelium and inhibited multilamellar cell formation in the prostatic gland cavity and prostatic index induced by carrageenan. In addition, DHA decreased the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 inflammatory factors in prostatitis tissues and in LPS-induced epithelial cells. Upregulation of transcription factor E2F7, which expression was inhibited by DHA, was found in CNP tissues, human BPH tissues and LPS-induced epithelial cells inflammatory response. Mechanically, we found that depletion of E2F7 by shRNA inhibited epithelial cell proliferation and LPS-induced inflammation while DHA further enhance these effects. Furthermore, HIF1α was transcriptional regulated by E2F7 and involved in E2F7-inhibited CNP and cellular inflammatory response. Interestingly, we found that inhibition of HIF1α blocks E2F7-induced cell inflammatory response but does not obstruct E2F7-promoted cell growth.Conclusion: The results revealed that DHA inhibits the CNP and inflammation by blocking the E2F7/HIF1α pathway. Our findings provide new evidence for the mechanism of DHA and its key role in CNP, which may provide an alternative solution for the prevention and treatment of CNP.
“What Do You Mean I Can't Have a Doctor? This is Canada!” – A Qualitative Study of the Myriad Consequences for Unattached Patients Awaiting Primary Care Attachment
Authors: Marshall Emily Gard , Wuite Sara , Lawson Beverley , Andrew Melissa K. , Edwards Lynn , MacKenzie Adrian , Woodrow Ana Correa , Peddle Sarah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Patient access to primary healthcare (PHC) is the foundation of a strong healthcare system and healthy populations. Attachment to a regular PHC provider, a key to healthcare access, has seen a decline in some jurisdictions. This study explored the consequences of unattachment from a patient perspective, an under-studied phenomenon to date.
Methods
A realist-informed qualitative study was conducted with unattached patients in Nova Scotia, Canada. Semi-structured interviews with nine participants were conducted and transcribed for analysis. The framework method was used to carry out analysis, which was guided by Donabedian’s model of assessing healthcare access and quality.
Results
Five key findings were noted in this study: 1) Participants experienced a range of consequences from not having a regular PHC provider. Participants used creative strategies to 2) attempt to gain attachment to a regular PHC provider, and, to 3) address their health needs in the absence of a regular PHC provider. 4) Participants experienced negative feelings about themselves and the healthcare system, and 5) stress related to the consequences and added work of being unattached and lost care.
Conclusions
Unattached patients experienced a burden of care related to lost care and managing their own health and related information, due to the download of medical record management and system navigation to them. These findings may underestimate the consequences for further at-risk populations who would not have been included in our recruitment. This may result in poorer health outcomes, which could be mitigated by interventions at the structural level, such as enhanced centralized waitlists to promote attachment. Such waitlists may benefit from a triage approach to appropriately attach patients based on need.
Differential Location of NKT and MAIT Cells within Lymphoid Tissue
Authors: Johnson Darryl N. , Ruan Zheng , Petley Emma V. , Devi Sapna , Holz Lauren E. , Uldrich Adam P. , Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Hor Jyh Liang , Mueller Scott N. , McCluskey James , Fairlie David P. , Darcy Phillip K. , Beavis Paul A. , Heath William R. , Godfrey Dale I. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Natural Killer T (NKT) cells and Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that express semi-invariant αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) through which they recognise CD1d and MR1 molecules, respectively, in complex with specific ligands. These cells play important roles in health and disease in many organs, but their precise intra-organ location is not well established. Here, using CD1d and MR1 tetramer staining techniques, we describe the precise location of NKT and MAIT cells in lymphoid and peripheral organs. Within the thymus, NKT cells were concentrated in the medullary side of the corticomedullary junction. In spleen and lymph nodes, NKT cells were mainly localised within T cell zones (TCZ), although following in vivo activation with the potent NKT-cell ligand α-GalCer, they expanded throughout the spleen. MAIT cells were clearly detectable in Vα19 TCR transgenic mice and were rare but detectable in lymphoid tissue of non-transgenic mice. In contrast to NKT cells, MAIT cells were more closely associated with the B cell zone (BCZ) and red pulp (RP) of the spleen. Accordingly, we have provided an extensive analysis of the in situ localisation of NKT and MAIT cells and suggest differences between the intra-organ location of these two cell types.
Cost Profiling of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatment in South Africa: Medicines That Are Still Too Expensive to Swallow
Authors: Singh Reeya , Oosthuizen Frasia , Wiafe Ebenezer , Mensah Kofi Boamah , Bangalee Varsha 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) management and increased CML prevalence due to low mortality rates. CML management is potentially lifelong and expensive and requires pharmacoeconomic approaches and regular review of therapy to ensure that patients obtain cost-effective therapeutic outcomes. Although the introduction of TKIs generics has improved the availability of TKIs, the high-cost implications continue to hinder TKIs accessibility and translate into poor quality of life. To improve the availability and accessibility of TKIs in South Africa, interventional programs have been instrumental. A notable intervention is the collaborative effort of Novartis pharmaceuticals and The Max Foundation which has provided free access to Imatinib to patients in need. In recognition of the needs of CML patients, this study aimed to provide an overview of TKIs regulatory approval, availability, and cost profile in the South African (SA) context for the 2019 period.
Methods

The researchers searched the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) website on 20 August 2019 to identify TKIs, generic and innovator brands, that was duly registered. The costs of the registered TKIs were extracted from the Medicines Price Registry (2019) and the Department of Health awarded tenders for oncology medications (2019). The results were analysed quantitatively using Microsoft Excel and presented as tables.
Results

Three TKIs were registered in SA: Imatinib, Dasatinib, and Nilotinib. Generics were only available for Imatinib. Despite the numerous Imatinib generics available in the private sector, treatment for CML chronic phase (CP) patients in the private sector was more expensive than in the public sector. Apparent cost inequality was noted where the same TKI (Nilotinib 200 mg) costs substantially less (by 92.4%) in the public sector than in the private sector.
Conclusion

The study concluded that the accessibility to CML management in the private sector is hindered by the high cost of therapy compared to the public sector. The availability of generic forms of Imatinib eliminated monopoly and improved medicated access compared to Dasatinib and Nilotinib. To improve CML medication access, stakeholders' engagement is required to control cost.
Incorporating Male Sterility Increases Hybrid Maize Yield in Low Input African Farming Systems
Authors: Collinson Sarah , Hamidziripi Esnath , De Groote Hugo , Ndegwa Michael , Cairns Jill , Albertsen Marc , Ligeyo Dickson , Mashingaidze Kingstone , Olsen Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Maize is a staple crop in sub-Saharan Africa, but yields remain sub-optimal. Improved breeding and seed systems are vital to increase productivity. We describe a novel hybrid seed production technology that will benefit seed companies and farmers. This technology reduces the cost of seed production by preventing the need for detasseling. The resulting hybrids segregate 1:1 for pollen production, conserving resources for grain production and conferring a 200 kg ha-1 benefit across a range of yield levels. This represents a 10% increase for farmers operating at national average yield levels in sub-Saharan Africa. The yield benefit of fifty-percent non-pollen producing hybrids is equivalent to approximately six years of progress in plant breeding. Benefits to seed companies in the form of reduced production cost and improved seed purity will provide incentives to improve smallholder farmer access to higher quality seed of climate-smart hybrids. Demonstrated farmer preference for these hybrids will help drive their adoption.
Mitochondria-Targeted Nanoplatforms For Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy Against Hypoxia Tumor
Authors: Wen Jiexin , Luo Yong , Gao Hui , Zhang Liang , Wang Xiang , Huang Ju , Shang Tingting , Zhou Di , Wang Dong , Wang Zhigang , Li Pan , Wang Zhaoxia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic modality that can convert oxygen into cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) via photosensitizers to halt tumor growth. However, hypoxia and the unsatisfactory accumulation of photosensitizers in tumors severely diminish the therapeutic effect of PDT. In this study, a multistage nanoplatform is demonstrated to overcome these limitations by encapsulating photosensitizer IR780 and oxygen regulator 3-bromopyruvate (3BP) in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocarriers.Results: The as-synthesized nanoplatforms penetrated deeply into the interior regions of tumors and preferentially remained in mitochondria due to the intrinsic characteristics of IR780. Meanwhile, 3BP could efficiently suppress oxygen consumption of tumor cells by inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory chain to further improve the generation of ROS. Furthermore, 3BP could abolish the excessive glycolytic capacity of tumor cells and lead to the collapse of ATP production, rendering tumor cells more susceptible to PDT. Successful tumor inhibition in animal models confirmed the therapeutic precision and efficiency. In addition, these nanoplatforms could act as fluorescence (FL) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging contrast agents, effectuating imaging-guided cancer treatment.Conclusions: This study provides an ideal strategy for cancer therapy by concurrent oxygen consumption reduction, oxygen-augmented PDT, energy supply reduction, mitochondria-targeted/deep-penetrated nanoplatforms and PA/FL dual-modal imaging guidance/monitoring. It is expected that such strategy will provide a promising alternative to maximize the performance of PDT in preclinical/clinical cancer treatment.
Diagnostic Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease: Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Park Jung Eun , Gunasekaran Tamil Iniyan , Cho Yeong Hee , Choi Seong-Min , Song Min-Kyung , Cho Soo Hyun , Kim Jahae , Song Ho-Chun , Choi Kyu Yeong , Lee Jang Jae , Park Zee-Yong , Song Woo Keun , Jeong Han-Seong , Lee Kun Ho , Lee Jung Sup , Kim Byeong C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Potential biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include amyloid β 1-42 (Aβ 1-42 ), t-Tau, p-Tau 181 , neurofilament light chain (NFL), and neuroimaging, but the feasibility of using these for the diagnosis and monitoring of AD has not been reported. Therefore, further development of these biomarkers is essential. Methods: We measured NFL and Aβ 1-42 concentrations in CSF and plasma samples from 136 participants and performed correlation analysis to evaluate the utility of these biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in AD spectrum. Results: With disease progression, concentrations of NFL increased, and those of Aβ 1-42 were decreases. The plasma and CSF values of NFL/Aβ 1-42 were strongly correlated ( r = 0.558). In addition, the plasma value of NFL/Aβ 1-42 was strong correlated with hippocampal volume/ICV ( r = 0.409). In the early stage of AD, the plasma_NFL/Aβ 1-42 was associated with higher diagnostic accuracy than were the individual biomarkers. Moreover, in preclinical AD, plasma_NFL/Aβ 1-42 changed more rapidly than did either the t-Tau or the p-Tau 181 values measured in the CSF. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings highlight the utility of plasma_NFL/Aβ 1-42 as a biomarker for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in AD spectrum.