bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency in the physiotherapeutic treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Carralero-Martínez A. , Muñoz Pérez M. A. , Pané-Alemany R. , Blanco-Ratto L. , Kauffmann S. , Ramírez-García I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a multifactorial disorder that affects 5.7% to 26.6% of women and 2.2% to 9.7% of men, characterized by hypersensitivity of the central and peripheral nervous system affecting bladder and genital function. People with CPPS have much higher rates of psychological disorders (anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing) that increase the severity of chronic pain and worsen quality of life. Myofascial therapy, manual therapy, and treatment of trigger points are proven therapeutic options for this syndrome. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMRF) at 448 kHz as an adjunct treatment to other physiotherapeutic techniques for reducing pain and improving the quality of life of patients with CPPS.

Methods
This triple-blind (1:1) randomized controlled trial will include 80 women and men with CPPS. Participants will be randomized into a CRMRF activated group or a CRMRF deactivated group and receive physiotherapeutic techniques and pain education. The groups will undergo treatment for 10 consecutive weeks. At the beginning of the trial there will be an evaluation of pain intensity (using VAS), quality of life (using the SF-12), kinesiophobia (using the TSK-11), and catastrophism (using the PCS), as well as at the sixth and tenth sessions.

Discussion
The results of this study will show that CRMRF benefits the treatment of patients with CPPS, together with physiotherapeutic techniques and pain education. These results could offer an alternative conservative treatment option for these patients.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03797911. Registered on 8 January 2019.
Blood-feeding ecology of mosquitoes in two zoological gardens in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hernandez-Colina Arturo , Gonzalez-Olvera Merit , Lomax Emily , Townsend Freya , Maddox Amber , Hesson Jenny C. , Sherlock Kenneth , Ward Dawn , Eckley Lindsay , Vercoe Mark , Lopez Javier , Baylis Matthew 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Zoological gardens contain unique configurations of exotic and endemic animals and plants that create a diverse range of developing sites and potential sources of blood meals for local mosquitoes. This may imply unusual interspecific pathogen transmission risks involving zoo vertebrates, like avian malaria to captive penguins. Understanding mosquito ecology and host feeding patterns is necessary to improve mosquito control and disease prevention measures in these environments.

Methods
Mosquito sampling took place in Chester Zoo for 3 years (2017, 2018, and 2019) and for 1 year in Flamingo Land (2017) using different trapping methods. Blood-fed mosquitoes were identified and their blood meal was amplified by PCR, sequenced, and blasted for host species identification.

Results
In total, 640 blood-fed mosquitoes were collected [Culex pipiens (n = 497), Culiseta annulata (n = 81), Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (n = 7), An. claviger (n = 1), and unidentifiable (n = 55)]. Successful identification of the host species was achieved from 159 blood-fed mosquitoes. Mosquitoes fed on birds (n = 74), non-human mammals (n = 20), and humans (n = 71). There were mixed blood meals from two hosts (n = 6). The proportions of blood-fed mosquitoes varied across sampling seasons and sites within the zoos. The use of resting traps and aspiration of vegetation were more efficient techniques for capturing blood-fed mosquitoes than traps for host-seeking or gravid mosquitoes. By relating the locations of zoo vertebrates to where fed mosquitoes were trapped, the minimum travelling distances were calculated (13.7 to 366.7 m). Temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, proximity to zoo vertebrate exhibits, and vegetation level were found to be significantly associated with the proportion of captured blood-fed mosquitoes by generalized linear modelling.

Conclusions
Mosquito feeding behaviour in zoos is mainly influenced by time, location (sampling area), temperature, and host availability, which highlights the value of mosquito monitoring in complex settings to plan control strategies and potentially reduce inherent disease transmission risks for humans and threatened zoo vertebrates.

Graphical Abstract
Highly rearranged mitochondrial genome in Falcolipeurus lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from endangered eagles
Authors: Nie Yu , Fu Yi-Tian , Zhang Yu , Deng Yuan-Ping , Wang Wei , Tu Ya , Liu Guo-Hua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes and extensive mt gene rearrangements have been frequently reported from parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). However, relatively little is known about the mt genomes from the family Philopteridae, the most species-rich family within the suborder Ischnocera.

Methods
Herein, we use next-generation sequencing to decode the mt genome of Falcolipeurus suturalis and compare it with the mt genome of F. quadripustulatus. Phylogenetic relationships within the family Philopteridae were inferred from the concatenated 13 protein-coding genes of the two Falcolipeurus lice and members of the family Philopteridae using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods.

Results
The complete mt genome of F. suturalis is a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule 16,659 bp in size that contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and three non-coding regions. The gene order of the F. suturalis mt genome is rearranged relative to that of F. quadripustulatus, and is radically different from both other louse species and the putative ancestral insect. Phylogenetic analyses revealed clear genetic distinctiveness between F. suturalis and F. quadripustulatus (Bayesian posterior probabilities = 1.0 and bootstrapping frequencies = 100), and that the genus Falcolipeurus is sister to the genus Ibidoecus (Bayesian posterior probabilities = 1.0 and bootstrapping frequencies = 100).

Conclusions
These datasets help to better understand gene rearrangements in lice and the phylogenetic position of Falcolipeurus and provide useful genetic markers for systematic studies of bird lice.

Graphical Abstract
Atypical presentation of colorectal carcinoma with sole multiple osteolytic bone metastases: a case report
Authors: Kawamura Ren , Suzuki Yudai , Harada Yukinori , Shimizu Taro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The incidence of colorectal cancer in persons aged < 50 years has been increasing. The diagnosis of colorectal cancer is not difficult if the patient has typical symptoms; however, diagnosis may be difficult in cases with atypical symptoms and signs. We present here an atypical case of metastatic colorectal cancer with fever and sudden onset paraplegia as the sole manifestations. The patient had multiple osteolytic lesions without gastrointestinal symptoms or signs, which resulted in a diagnostic delay of colorectal cancer.

Case presentation
A 46-year-old Japanese man was transferred to our hospital for evaluation of fever. He had developed fever 8 weeks previously and had been first admitted to another hospital 5 weeks ago. The patient was initially placed on antibiotics based on the suspicion of a bacterial infection. During the hospital stay, the patient experienced a sudden onset of paralysis and numbness in his both legs. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an epidural mass at the level of Th11, and the patient underwent a laminectomy. Epidural abscess and vertebral osteomyelitis were suspected, and antimicrobial treatment was continued. However, his fever persisted, and he was transferred to our hospital. Chest, abdominal, and pelvic computed tomography (CT) with contrast showed diffusely distributed osteolytic lesions. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography showed high fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in multiple discrete bone structures; however, no significant accumulation was observed in the solid organs or lymph nodes. A CT-guided bone biopsy obtained from the left iliac bone confirmed the evidence of metastatic adenocarcinoma based on immunohistochemistry. A subsequent colonoscopy showed a Borrmann type II tumor in the sigmoid colon, which was confirmed to be a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. As a result of shared decision-making, the patient chose palliative care.

Conclusions
Although rare, osteolytic bone metastases as the sole manifestation can occur in patients with colorectal cancer. In patients with conditions difficult to diagnose, physicians should prioritize the necessary tests based on differential diagnoses by analytical clinical reasoning, taking into consideration the patient’s clinical manifestation and the disease epidemiology. Bone biopsies are usually needed in patients only with sole osteolytic bone lesions; however, other rapid and useful non-invasive diagnostic tests can be also useful for narrowing the differential diagnosis.
RBP: a website fingerprinting obfuscation method against intelligent fingerprinting attacks
Authors: Luo Tao , Wang LiangMin , Yin ShangNan , Shentu Hao , Zhao Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEdge computing has developed rapidly in recent years due to its advantages of low bandwidth overhead and low delay, but it also brings challenges in data security and privacy. Website fingerprinting (WF) is a passive traffic analysis attack that threatens website privacy which poses a great threat to user’s privacy and web security. It collects network packets generated while a user accesses website, and then uses a series of techniques to discover patterns of network packets to infer the type of website user accesses. Many anonymous networks such as Tor can meet the need of hide identity from users in network activities, but they are also threatened by WF attacks. In this paper, we propose a website fingerprinting obfuscation method against intelligent fingerprinting attacks, called Random Bidirectional Padding (RBP). It is a novel website fingerprinting defense technology based on time sampling and random bidirectional packets padding, which can covert the real packets distribution to destroy the Inter-Arrival Time (IAT) features in the traffic sequence and increase the difference between the datasets with random bidirectional virtual packets padding. We evaluate the defense against state-of-the-art website fingerprinting attacks in real scenarios, and show its effectiveness.
Reproductive Hormone Concentrations and Associated Anatomical Responses: Does Soy Formula Affect Minipuberty in Boys?
Authors: Chin Helen B , Kelly Andrea , Adgent Margaret A , Patchel Stacy A , James Kerry , Vesper Hubert W , Botelho Julianne C , Chandler Donald Walt , Zemel Babette S , Schall Joan I , Ford Eileen G , Darge Kassa , Stallings Virginia A , Baird Donna D , Rogan Walter J , Umbach David M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
Soy formula feeding is common in infancy and is a source of high exposure to phytoestrogens, documented to influence vaginal cytology in female infants. Its influence on minipuberty in males has not been established.

Objective
To assess the association between infant feeding practice and longitudinally measured reproductive hormones and hormone-responsive tissues in infant boys.

Methods
The Infant Feeding and Early Development study was a prospective cohort of maternal–infant dyads requiring exclusive soy formula, cow milk formula, or breast milk feeding during study follow-up. In the 147 infant boy participants, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, stretched penile length, anogenital distance, and testis volume were longitudinally assessed from birth to 28 weeks. We examined feeding-group differences in age trajectories for these outcomes using mixed-effects regression splines.

Results
Median serum testosterone was at pubertal levels at 2 weeks (176 ng/dL [quartiles: 124, 232]) and remained in this range until 12 weeks in all feeding groups. We did not observe differences in trajectories of hormone concentrations or anatomical measures between boys fed soy formula (n = 55) and boys fed cow milk formula (n = 54). Compared with breastfed boys (n = 38), soy formula–fed boys had a more rapid increase in penile length (P = .004) and slower initial lengthening of anogenital distance (P = .03), but no differences in hormone trajectories.

Conclusion
Reproductive hormone concentrations and anatomical responses followed similar trajectories in soy and cow milk formula–fed infant boys. Our findings suggest that these measures of early male reproductive development do not respond to phytoestrogen exposure during infancy.
Bodies Underwater
Authors: Strack Franziska 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article engages with French filmmaker Jean Painlevé’s experimental shorts on the physiognomy and behavior of marine animals. The article argues that Painlevé’s films establish a corporeal and nonlinguistic mode of interspecies communication that draws upon the spectators’ immediate emphatic and empathetic reactions to the animal creatures on-screen. By evoking affective responses below the visible and audible registers, the films place the human animal body both in proximity to and at a distance from the nonhuman animal, revealing ontological ties as well as uncanny encounters with other ways of living. In doing so, the films inspire a plurality of ethico-political perspectives on species entanglement that all propose distinct responsibilities without making any organism the center of agentic events. To illuminate those perspectives, the article brings Painlevé’s films into conversation with Massumi’s animal politics, Deleuze and Guattari’s idea of becoming-animal, and neuroscientific research. It thus shows how the cinematic medium can make palpable debates in environmental studies and political theory and installs communication as an interspecies phenomenon that involves human and nonhuman bodies in a shared affective space. Last, the article reclaims Painlevé for contemporary concerns, linking aesthetics to ethics and politics and bodily movement to care for the world.
Coastal Futures Conservatory
Authors: Jenkins Willis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article develops an account of listening as a model for integrating inquiries into rapid environmental change from arts, sciences, and humanities. The account is structured around interpretation of the Coastal Futures Conservatory (CFC), an initiative for integrating arts and humanities into the Long-Term Ecological Research Project at the Virginia Coast Reserve. The CFC organizes collaborative inquiry and public engagement around several kinds of listening, from field recordings and designed listening stations as practices of attentiveness to scientific data by sonifying data sets, across disciplines by commissioning convergent lines of research from humanities and sciences, and across political boundaries by creating cross-coastal exchanges. Working from reflection on CFC practices, the author evaluates the potential and the limits of a pivot from ocular to aural metaphors of creating environmental knowledge as well as the potential and limits of listening as a model for integrating that knowledge. The author then questions integration as metaphor for multidisciplinary collaboration by testing its openness to listening beyond human worlds. The article closes by arguing for the role of contemplative practices in developing “transformative listening” as a way to connect environmental sciences with processes of moral and political formation.
The Effect of Price on Firm Reputation
Authors: Luca Michael , Reshef Oren 
Published: May 2021

Although a business’s reputation can affect its pricing, prices can also affect its reputation. To explore the effect of prices on reputation, we investigate daily data on menu prices and online ratings from a large rating and ordering platform. We find that a price increase of 1% leads to a decrease of 3%–5% in the average rating. Consistent with this, the overall distribution of ratings for cheaper restaurants is similar to that of more expensive restaurants. Finally, these effects do not seem to be driven by consumer retaliation against price changes but by changes in absolute price levels. This paper was accepted by Duncan Simester, marketing.
A randomised clinical study on the postoperative use of two commercially available ostomy seals (STEPS study)
Authors: Harris Liz , Skountrianos George , Drolshagen Colleen 
Published: May 2021

Background: Ostomy seals are an accessory product used to enhance the fit of an ostomy skin barrier. Research into the clinical and health economic impact of ostomy seals is limited. Aims: To evaluate the clinical and economic impact of two commercially available ostomy seals when used on patients with a newly created stoma, 1–2 days postoperatively. Methods: A non-powered, exploratory, multi-centre, two-country, open-label, parallel-randomised clinical study was conducted. Patients were randomised to the Dansac TRE Seal (Dansac A/S, Fredensborg, Denmark) or the Coloplast Brava Protective Seal (Coloplast A/S, Humlebæk, Denmark) and were followed up to 9 weeks after the stoma was created. Clinical outcomes were primarily assessed via the validated Pittman Ostomy Complication Severity Index (OCSI). Economic outcomes were assessed via the collection of stoma-related healthcare resource use. Satisfaction measures with seal performance were also collected. Findings: In total, 42 participants were enrolled (20 TRE and 22 Brava). Lower peristomal skin complication (PSC) incidence (TRE 50.0% vs Brava 72.7%; p=.16), greater PSC resolution (TRE 70.0% vs Brava 43.8%; p=.22) and slightly less severe peristomal and stomal complications (average OCSI score TRE 2.2 vs Brava 3.4; p=.19) were observed in the TRE group. On average, participants in the TRE group used 1.3 seals per day compared with 1.4 seals per day for those in the Brava group (p=.83). Lastly, 100% of clinicians and 100% of patients reported positive satisfaction with the overall performance of TRE and Brava seals. Conclusions: Participants randomised to TRE seal were observed to have lower PSC incidence, greater PSC resolution and slightly less severe peristomal and stomal complications relative to participants using the Brava seal. No substantive differences were found in stoma-related healthcare resource use. Positive satisfaction was noted for both ostomy seals. Study results provided valuable insights into the postoperative use of ostomy seals for individuals with newly created ostomies.
Volunteering in later life
Authors: Hogerbrugge Martijn J.A. 
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, Martijn Hogerbrugge uses data from the National Survey of Volunteering and Charitable Giving to reveal the complexity of patterns of volunteering undertaken by older people in England. His detailed analysis shows that that older volunteers are far from a homogenous group. He shows how some characteristics, like marital status, education, and religious background, have a bearing not only on whether or not someone volunteers, but on the number of times and hours spent volunteering. The data also reveal the barriers that limit volunteering in later life.
Protection afforded by previous Vibrio cholerae infection against subsequent disease and infection: A review
Authors: Leung Tiffany , Matrajt Laura 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCholera is an acute, diarrheal disease caused byVibrio choleraeO1 or 139 that is associated with a high global burden.MethodsWe analyzed the estimated duration of immunity following cholera infection from available published studies. We searched PubMed and Web of Science for studies of the long-term immunity following cholera infection. We identified 22 eligible studies and categorized them as either observational, challenge, or serological.ResultsWe found strong evidence of protection at 3 years after infection in observational and challenge studies. However, serological studies show that elevated humoral markers of potential correlates of protection returned to baseline within 1 year. Additionally, a subclinical cholera infection may confer lower protection than a clinical one, as suggested by 3 studies that found that, albeit with small sample sizes, most participants with a subclinical infection from an initial challenge with cholera had a symptomatic infection when rechallenged with a homologous biotype.ConclusionsThis review underscores the need to elucidate potential differences in the protection provided by clinical and subclinical cholera infections. Further, more studies are warranted to bridge the gap between the correlates of protection and cholera immunity. Understanding the duration of natural immunity to cholera can help guide control strategies and policy.
Caliper navigation for craniotomy planning of convexity targets
Authors: Jägersberg Max , Kosterhon Michael , Ringel Florian 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
A technique to localize a radiological target on the head convexity fast and with acceptable precision is sufficient for surgeries of superficial intracranial lesions, and of help in the setting of emergency surgery, computer navigation breakdown, limited resources and education.
We present a caliper technique based on fundamental geometry, with inexpensive and globally available tools (conventional CT or MRI image viewer, calculator, caliper).

Methods
The distances of the radiological target from two landmarks (nasion and porus acusticus externus) are assessed with an image viewer and Pythagoras’ theorem. The two distances are then marked around the landmarks onto the head of the patient with help of a caliper. The intersection defines the target.
We tested the technique in a saw bone skull model and afterwards in the operating room. Convexity targets were localized with the caliper navigation technique and then with computer navigation as ground truth.

Results
In the saw bone model, the mean offset between the caliper navigated target and the real target was 2.9 ± 2.8 mm, 95% CI (1.6 mm; 4.2 mm). The mean offset between computer navigated target and real target was 1.6 ± 0.9 mm, 95% CI (1.2 mm; 2 mm) (ns).
In 15 patients undergoing navigated cranial procedures, 100 targets were assessed in reference to computer navigation. The mean offset of the caliper navigation was 11 ± 5.2 mm, 95% CI (9.9 mm; 12 mm).

Conclusion
This is a low-tech approach for translation of a radiological target to the patient’s head in short time and with globally available inexpensive tools, with satisfying precision for many procedures.