bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Performance of the Lines and Their Half Diallel Cross in Maize (Zea mays L.) Under Plant Density
Authors: Hamdi A. A. , Al-rawi O. H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted during spring and autumn season of 2020, which were carried out at the Research Station of the College of Agriculture, Anbar University, in the first season The lines were introduced into the Half Diallel cross-program according to the second method proposed by [24]. the second season the experiment was applied during the autumn season of 2020 in a split-block arrangement according to a randomized completely -block design with three replications. The main block included the plant density, which was expressed through the distance between the holes. While the secondary block occupied the genotypes (lines + crosses). The results of the analysis showed that there were significant differences between densities and genotypes.The cross 3 × 5 was distinguished by giving the least number of days to tasseling. It also gave the highest plant height 188.60 cm, number of rows / heads 15.5, and the highest yield 19.54 tons / hectare. The cross 1× 5 showed the highest leaf area 5925 cm, while the cross 4×5 and 3×4 showed the highest average number of kernels / row 39.33 and 38.97. The cross 1×4 also distinguished with the highest weight of 300 grains. Cultivated plants with a density 62,500 plants / hectare were distinguished by giving them the fewest days to flower, the highest plant height, leaf area, number of rows, number of grains / row and weight of 300 grains. While the yield was low at 14.93 compared to the plants that cultivated at a density of 125,500 plants / hectare, the reason for this is that the increase in the number of plants per unit area was replaced by the decrease in the yield components.
Effect of Soaking with in Acid Solution on Sunflower Helianthus anuus L. Germination and Field Emergence.
Authors: Sfaeean M. A. , Alani M. H. I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA field experiment was conducted in a private field in Anbar Governorate, adjacent to the Euphrates River, for the growing season 2020/2021. In order to study the effect of soaking the seeds of sunflower varieties (Hysun), (Lulio), (Ishaqi 1) and (Sakha), with a solution of ascorbic acid (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg.L−1), on germination some qualities of field emergence . The results showed the significant superiority of soaking in all the studied traits, Where the concentration (150 mg. L−1) achieved the best results in the rates of the studied traits, 79.25% emergence percentage, 72.78% germination energy, 4.75 days to germination, 16.33 cm shoot and 9.35 cm root length .The results also showed the superiority of the (Hysun) cultivar in the characteristic of the final emergence percentage, (90.3%), while the cultivar Ishaqi 1 scored the lowest average for the trait, 43.1%, and the variety Sakha gave the highest rate of germination capacity (66.7%), while the variety gave Lulio recorded the lowest rate (36.7%), The cultivar Lulio gave the lowest average germination time, reached 4 days, while the Lulio cultivar gave the longest average ( 9 days ) . In terms of shoot length, the Hysun variety recorded the highest rate of 16.55 cm., While the Ishqi cultivar recorded the lowest, shoot length (8.93 cm), The variety (Sakha 1) recorded the highest average for the length of the rootstock which was 16.33 cm, while the (Lulio) variety recorded the lowest rates (10.64 cm).
Allelochemicals Analysis of Rumex vesicarius L. and Zygophyllum coccineum L., and Their Effect on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Alazzam S. A. , Sharqi M. M. , Almehemdi A. F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlants samples were gathered from Ramadi, University of Anbar. Extraction processes performed from foliage in labs belonging to Center for Desert Studies using methanolic and aqueous extracts to assess their Allelopathy. Allelopathic bioassay applied with three concentrations 0.5, 1 and 2% On Germination%, Germination Rate, Germination Speed, Average Germination Speed, Response Index, Radicle and Plumule Length of wheat seed. Phytochemicals detection of the R. vesicarius presented highest percentage of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and Glycosides. GC/MS analysis proofed that R. vesicarius and Z. coccineum methanolic extracts contained highest 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (alkaloid) of 35.98% and 1,2-benzendicarboxyylic acid bis(-methylhexyl) ester (hydrocarbonate chain) of 35.06%, in each species extract, respectively. Methanolic and aqueous extract (%2) of R. vesicarius possessed lowest rate of germination (%13.3), (%50.7), respectively. On the other hand, methanolic and aqueous extract (%2) of Z. coccineum gave lowest germination rate of 30.6 and 81.3%, respectively. so, this extracts of R. vesicarius and Z. coccineum could be used as eco-friendly bioherbicide, and may be integrated into harmful weed control strategies.
The Effect of Humic Acid Addition Stages and Planting Times in Some Components and Yield of Zea mays L.
Authors: Al-Rawi O. Y. A. , Al-Dulaimi O. I. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA field experiment was carried out for the spring and autumn seasons 2020 in Rawa district, located at longitude: E ° 41.57 Latitude: N ° 34.46 and at a height of 150m above sea level, to study the effect of the stages of adding humic acid and planting times on the growth and yield of Zea mays L., Varieties 5018, the first factor occupied the phases of adding humic acid and the second the planting times. A split-plot design (RCBD) was used with three replications to find out the effect of the humic acid addition stages (S1, S2, S3 and S4). And planting times (D1, D2, D3) in the yield and its components. The results showed significant differences between all study factors and the interaction between them, except for the number of rows and for the spring season only, where the treatment S2 outperformed in the two characteristics of the length of cob: cm and the number of kernels row, as it gave 16.62, 18.44 cob. Cm, 36.22 and 35.23 grains. Row−1and the two seasons respectively, while treatment S4 outperformed in terms of weight of 500 grains and the total, with 119.10 and 162.64 grains. gm and 8.74 Mg.H−1for the spring season, while the treatment surpassed S3 and gave 11.98 Mg.H−1for the autumn season, As for the planting times, the time D1 was distinguished in the characteristics of the number of rows, the number of grains in the row, and the weight of 500 grains, as it gave 16.38 rows. Cob−1and 36.92 grains. Row−1and 120.17 gm, weighing 500 gm for the spring season. The two times D3 and D2 were also higher in She described the weight of 500 grains and the total and gave 173.85 grains of grams for the spring season and 8.57 and 10.98 Mg.H−1for the two seasons, the interaction between study factors had statistically significant differences in the two seasons, where the combinations D1 and S3, D2 and S4, D3 and S3 outperformed as they gave 16.63 rows. Cob−1, 38.23 grains, row−1, 128.03500 grains, gm, 9.47 and 13.43 Mg.H−1, 17.33 cm length of Cob, respectively and for the two seasons.
Estimation of General Combining, and Genetic Parameters in Maize (Zea mays L.) by Using Line x Tester Crosses
Authors: Aldulaimy S. A. M. , Hammadi H. J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in the fields of a farmer in the city of Ramadi - Anbar Governorate - Iraq, during the spring and fall seasons of (2020), where the seeds of eight pure lines of maize were planted (NadH26, Zm.69, Sy.52, Inb. 23, Am.63, NadH.52, MGW-16, Zm.6). Then the lines hybridized with each other by the method (Line x Tester) to produce 15 hybrids. Parental seed and individual hybrids planted in the fall season (2020) were compared according to the R.C.B.D with three replications, for the purpose of estimating the effects of combining ability of lines, hybrids, some genetic parameters and Hybridization for studied traits are: Number of days from planting to 50% to Silking, leaf area, dry plant weight, number of rows, number of grains per row, weight of 300 grains and plant yield. The results of the study showed significant differences between parents and their hybrids for all the studied traits, Tester (Zm.69) was superior by showing the highest effect of general combining in the desired direction for most of the traits, while the line (Am.63) showed the highest effect of general combining with the positive direction of most of the studied traits. The hybrid (Zm.69 X Zm.6) gave the highest effect of specific combining ability of the weight 300-grain and the plant yield was 3.65 and 44.15, respectively. The ratio between the variance of general and specific combining ability was less than one for most of the traits, and the dominance variance was large than the additive variance for most of the traits. The heritability broad sense was high for most of the studied traits, while the heritability narrow sense was low for all traits except for the two traits of leaf area and dry weight of the plant, and degree of dominance was large than one for most of the traits, which indicates the control of the genes of super-dominance over the inheritance of these traits. The expected genetic advance is low for all traits. The results also showed that the hybrid ( MGW-16 X Sy.52) gave the highest positive hybrid compared to the best parents for the characteristics of the number of rows in ear, the number of grains per row, and plant yield, which reached (17.78%, 7.18% and 24.24%) respectively. It is concluded from this study the possibility of using some of the superior parents in their to derive individual hybrids with a specific combining ability for the production of high yield as most of their traits were under the influence of genes of superior dominance.
Effect of addition of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and vitamin E on level of cortisol, ADA enzyme and liver enzymes in Awassi ewes
Authors: Asker Audai Sabah , Tawfeeq Ammar A. , Alhamdani Hebat-Alla A. A. , Alhamdani Adel A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted to know the effect of different levels of ginger and vitamin E on levels of cortisol, ADA, ALP, GGT, AST, and ALT. Twenty five Awassi ewes were used, aged between 2-5 years and body weight of 37.5 Kg, presented in the animal production farm which belonged to the agricultural college, university of anbar. The experiment was continued for two months. The animals were divided into five groups each group contained five animals. The first group (T1) was not treated and serve as a control. The 2nd (T2), Third (T3), and the 4th (T4) group were treated with ginger 10,15 and 20 gm respectively three times per week while the 5th group treated with 500 mg of vit. E three times per week for each ewe. Blood samples were collected at day 15, 30, 45 and 60 of the experiment. The results showed that there was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the level of cortisol in the control group during all period (15, 30, 45, 60) of the experiment while T4 and T5 showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level during all periods of the experiment. The results also showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the ADA enzyme in T4 and T5 during the period of the study, while T2 and T3 showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level at day 15 and 30 of the experiment, The control group showed significant decrease (P≤0.05) in ADA level at day 45 and 60 of the experiment, The measurement of ALP enzyme showed a significant increase in T4 and T5 (P≤0.05) during the period of the experiment, while the control group showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in its level during the period of experiment, Enzymes levels of GPT, GOT and GGT showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in control group as compared with other treatment groups. T4 showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) during the periods of the experiment. It was concluded from this study that the use of 20 gm of ginger and 500mg of vit. E plays an important role in increase immunity of the body through improvement of hormone stasis and increase ability to eradicate bacteria and causes of diseases through decrease a catabolism in cellular tissue of the different system of the body.
Impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae enriched with Selenium or Zinc on reproductive performance, estrogen and progesterone hormone in local Iraqi female goats
Authors: Shareef M. A. , Mohammed T. R. , Alrawi H. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This experiment was accompanied to examine the impact of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplemented with Selenium (se) or Zinc (zn) on the reproductive performance, estrogen and progesterone hormone in local Iraqi female goats. 17 mature does two - two and half years of old were used. The average of body weight (bw) was 37.5 ± 3kg. Animals were randomly divided in to three groups, Five animals were in the first group, six goats were in the second and third groups. All goat does were nursed on the same ration. The group1 was considered as a control group without processing (G1), the group 2 (G2) was administered with (Saccharomyces cerevisiae-selenium) with dose (0.03 g/kg/bw), the third group 3 (G3) were administered with (Saccharomyces cerevisiae -zinc with dose (0.2 g/kg/bw). (given orally for 45 days). The results showed that second and third groups were significantly increase (P≤0.05) in fertility and fertilization rate as compared with G1. G3 was significantly increase (P≤0.05) in the Prolificacy rate as compared with G1 and G2. G2 and G3 were significantly increase (P≤0.05) in the pregnancy rate as compared with G1. while G3 was significantly increase (P≤0.05) in the kidding rate as compared with G1 and G2. Estrogen hormone concentration level of the G2 showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) as compared with G1 and G3. While the progesterone hormone concentration level of the G3 showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) as compared with G1 and G2. From the results we concluded that organic form (yeast supplemented with selenium/zinc) could be credited to enhance the reproductive performance, overall health of kids after birth, progesterone levels and animal health.
Papilloma and granulomatous tumors of the oral cavity mucosa of sheep in Mosul area
Authors: Al-Sabaawy H.B. , Al-Sadi H. I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of papilloma virus and granulomatous reaction which occur naturally in sheep in Mosul area, Iraq. These lesion were diagnosed in 10 cases out of a total 325(3%) examined cases, papilloma percentage was 1.23% and granulomatous infection percentage was 1.84% .The gross and microscopic features of papilloma showed a red tissue nodule hanging from the inner surface (mucosa) of the lower lip .Microscopically, the mass was formed from multiple papillary protrusions of fibrous connective tissue with marked increase in the number and size of inflammatory cell . The macro and micro examination of granulomatous reaction showed a subcutaneous and neoplastic mass of tissue which were connected to the jaw bone at the level of seventh and eighth cheek teeth and upon opening the skin .A white mass was observed while the microscopic exam showed the presence of a severe fibrous reaction in the form of inflammation and neoplasm granuloma. Finally, this research determined the type of papilloma and granulomatous reaction in local sheep and their prevalence rates, with accurate description of gross and microscopic lesions.
Consequences of new approach in production system of commercial layer (Isa Brown) in Iraqi Kurdistan region
Authors: Al-Sardary S. Y.T. , Mustafa H. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This was study under taken as a first attempt to investigate the effect of new production system of commercial layer with special emphasis on organic technique. A total 360 one-day-old Isa Brown chicks were obtained from Evan hatchery-Erbil. The birds assigned into 18 indoor pens (2×2 m) for the first 18 weeks . Each pen represented a replicate with 20 chicks. At beginning, birds assigned to the same condition and fed their daily requirements according to Isa Brown guide (2018). The fed as commercial and organic feed. Birds were randomly divided into six treatment groups of three replicates. the treatments were as follows; first treatment (T1): as control birds fed their full requirements according to Isa Brown layers guid (2018), fed commercial feed, reared indoor house, second treatment (T2): birds fed organic feed full requirements according to Isa Brown layers (2018) reared indoor house, third treatment (T3): birds fed 75% of full requirements commercial feed + pasture indoor and outdoor, fourth treatment (T4): birds fed 75% full requirement organic feed + pasture indoor and outdoor, fifth treatment (T5): birds fed full requirements according to Isa Brown layers guide (2018) commercial feed + pasture indoor and outdoor housed, sixth treatment (T6): birds fed full requirements according to Isa Brown layers guide (2018) organic feed + pasture indoor and outdoor housed. At the beginning of week 19, birds had free access to pasture through a hole from indoor to the outdoor except control (T1) and (T2). The outdoor area measured 2 × 10 m (1 m2/bird) for each pen and separated by fence. The outdoor area designed to provide bird a natural behavior and covered with alfalfa(Medicagosativa).The results of this study indicates that commercial strain had higher (P<0.01) haugh unit (73.08),the highest Haugh unit was recorded in T1 72.89.Birds in T2 of commercial strain had higher (P< 0.01) total UFA content 71.42, total n-3 in T4 was 1.80. n-6 was higher in T2 21.48 comparing to the other treatments. Significant differences (p≤ 0.01) for amino acids in commercial eggs found among treatments and T6 content higher percentage of all amino acids. The overall means of profit from only eggs was 197,403 ID and for eggs with hen was 282,208 ID. Significant differences found among treatments for sensory evaluation of commercial eggs. T6 had higher (P<0.01) score of overall acceptances for both commercial eggs.
Effects of Using L-arginine on Production and Physiological Performance of Rabbits
Authors: Ahmed K. D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects use L-arginine on production and physiological performance of rabbits. Twelve local male rabbits aged 2-3 months with an average weight of 1 kg ± 0.2 have been used in this experiment that lasted for 60 days and was divided into three groups (each group consists of 4 rabbits) a control group was injected with NaCl solution of 1 ml (Normal Saline) into the animal’s muscle, a second group given the arginine was injected intramuscularly at an amount of 150 µmol / kg and a third group was drenched 150 µmol / kg of the arginine. The results have shown no significant differences in the amount of feed intake among groups. There was an effect of L-arginine injection in improving the final weight of the animals, the second and third group significantly increased in final body weight (P<0.05) compared to the control group, no significant differences between the experimental groups in feed efficiency. The results showed first and second groups were increased in the white blood cell (W.B.C) concentration compared with the third group. No significant differences between the experimental groups in the red blood cell (R.B.C) hemoglobin (Hb), cholesterol, glucose and globulin concentration. The results were significant observed (P <0.05) in the total protein level of the third group compared to the control and second group, significant observed (P <0.05) for the albumin concentration of the control and third groups compared to the second group, and the results showed a significant effect (P <0.05) in the level of testosterone hormone and growth hormone for the second group compared to the control. The results indicated a significant observed (P <0.05) for the level of the testosterone hormone in the third group when compared with the control group with no differences between the three groups in the characteristics of the carcasses, treatment with L-arginine improved the final weight of rabbits as well as an increase in the level testosterone and growth hormone, no effect of the arginine on the blood characteristics and some of the carcass characteristics Except for the differences found in total protein and albumin concentration between experimental groups.
Preparation of Edible Films Made from Chitosan with Pomegranate Peel Extract and Study Its Barrier, Mechanical and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Abdul-Rahman S. M. , Abass A. F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of adding extract of Pomegranate peels (PPE) on the mechanical, reservation and antioxidant properties of edible chitosan films. The findings showed that the chitosan film, supported by pomegranate peels, possessed distinctive properties, as the thickness, tensile strength, elongation, oxygen permeability, and permeability of water vapor and solubility were 60 µm, 27.6 (Mpa),18.3%,30.13(ml / m2* day), 2.91(g.mm/day.m2KPa), 23.12% respectively, whereas in the control film they were 30 µm, 19.2 (Mpa),10.6%, 60.47(ml / m2* day), 2.30(g.mm/day.m2KPa), 26.50% respectively. Edible films incorporated with Pomegranate peels extract showed an antioxidant activity of 66.42% compared to the standard antioxidant BHA (Butylated hydroxyl anisole) and Ascorbic acid which were 27.44% and 80.54%, respectively.In respect to the optical proprieties the ?E value of control film samples was 8.7%,and (L, a, b) (26.46,40.01, 2.02) respectively, while for the supported Sample ?E was 26.37% (L, a, b) (72.24,1.09,5.30) respectively.
Study on Production Vinegar from Apple
Authors: Hasan A. N. , Antony U. , Bala G.V. , Prabha D.T. , Kavya C. , Malik A. F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The goal of the present study was to ascertain the effect of the addition of certain natural materials such as sugar or Jaggery Syrup, Black Gram, or extracts there of as fortified materials on the consistency of apple vinegar and the types of microorganisms in it. The findings revealed that the addition of whole legume or their extracts during processing enhanced the properties of the resulting vinegar . The findings showed that the better pH was for apple vinegar produced with the inclusion of sugar and protein extract, which had a pH of 3.1. This was accompanied by vinegar resulting from the addition of jaggery with whole legume, where the pH was 3.8, followed by vinegar resulting from the addition of whole legume plus sugar, where the pH was 3.9. Though apple vinegar obtained by adding protein extract with jaggery had a pH of 4.As it was influenced by the acidity of the resultant vinegar due to the content of legumes and sugary compounds, the maximum acidity was 6.5 in the vinegar to which entire legume jaggy was applied. Then vinegar, to which whole legume sugar was added, and vinegar, to which jaggy with protein extract was added, the acidity reached 3. Finally, vinegar made by combining sugar with protein extract, where the acidity reached 2. The best types of vinegar were selected from among the samples (vinegar developed by the addition of protein extract jaggary) and the contents of its microbiology were analysed. The results showed that the vinegar was free of bacteria and yeasts, while its content of moulds was . The four samples of vinegar also showed good antioxidant activity. It was 86.77%, 85.38%, 79.0% and 19.11% in vinegar containing jaggery with extract protein, sugar with extract protein, jaggery with whole legume and sugar with whole legume respectively. The total soled of vinegar were different, 4.8%, 4.5%, 4.0% and 3.0% in vinegar containing jaggery with whole legume, jaggery with extract protein, sugar with whole legume and sugar with extract protein. The colour analysis of the vinegar sample containing the jaggery with extract protein was 75.91, 4.87, 51.4 for the lighter side, red colour and greener side, respectively.