bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phage resistance of conditionally pathogenic intestinal microbiota bacteria in children with microbiocenosis disorders
Authors: Aleksanina N. V. , Tverdokhlebova T. I. 
Published: July 2021

Objective: to study the circulation and prevalence of phage-resistant strains among opportunistic enterobacteria, isolated from children with disorders of intestinal microflora, in relation to domestic preparations of bacteriophages.Materials and methods. A bacteriological study of the fecal microflora of the colon in 970 young children for dysbiosis was carried out. The sensitivity of 720 antibiotic-resistant strains of opportunistic enterobacteriaceae (S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci) isolated from children to domestic mono- and polyvalent drugs was studied (coliprotein, staphylococcal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, purified Klebsiella pneumonia bacteriophage, “Sextafag”, Intesta bacteriophage). Determination of sensitivity to bacteriophages was carried out by the “sterile spot” method. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software package.Results. A large percentage of phage-resistant strains with low sensitivity to bacteriophages was revealed among opportunistic bacteria, amounting to 54,2%, with the highest circulation among coagulase-negative staphylococci, Proteus, Klebsiella (more than 50%). A significant spread of intestinal dysbiosis was established in young children (87,5%), characterized by a low content of bifidobacteria and a high level of allocation of opportunistic enterobacteria, including in associations.Conclusion. As a result of the studies, a significant prevalence of phage-resistant strains in children with dysbiosis was revealed, which indicates the need for preliminary determination of their sensitivity to bacteriophages in order to resolve the issue of their possible inclusion in the intestinal microflora correction system.
Modeling the epidemic process of HIV infection in populations with different natural population growth
Authors: Neshumaev D. A. , Sukharev E. N. , Stasenko V. L. 
Published: July 2021

Aim: to assess the incidence, prevalence of HIV infection and population dynamics in populations with negative, zero and positive natural increase.Materials and Methods: Computer probabilistic modeling by the Monte Carlo method of the epidemic process of HIV infection in populations with different natural population growths was carried out. The parameters that are minimally necessary for such a description are used – population, birth rate, mortality, HIV prevalence, probability of HIV transmission.Results and discussion: When modeling the epidemic process, two main scenarios of the spread of HIV infection in a population without diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive effects were established. With a negative or zero population growth and a random distribution of healthy and infected individuals in the simulated space, the population density gradually decreases. At some point, the probability of contact of the infected and healthy person becomes less than the probability of an infected person to live up to this event. Under such conditions, the complete elimination of the virus from the population is theoretically possible. With a positive natural increase, it is possible to form a stable state in which the periods of increase in population size, incidence and prevalence of HIV infection change in a cyclical decline. HIV prevalence in countries such as Swaziland, Botswana and Lesotho has been at the level of 25–30% for many years. In this case, the population steadily grows. Based on the conducted simulation studies, it can be assumed that in these territories an evolutionarily stable balance was formed between the share of healthy and HIV-infected people in which the prevalence does not occur above 30%.Conclusions. The development of the epidemic process of HIV infection is determined by the dynamics of natural population growth. With a negative or zero natural growth and a random distribution of individuals in the simulated space, a complete elimination of the virus from the population is theoretically possible. With a positive natural increase, it is possible to form an evolutionarily stable cyclic balance between the proportion of healthy and HIV-infected people.
Local complications and lymphadenitis after BCG–M vaccination in children – сhoosing the right tactics
Authors: Lozovskaja M. E. , Stepanov G. A. , Yarovaya Yu. A. , Mosina A. V. , Osipova M. A. , Zakharova O. P. 
Published: July 2021

Тhe aim: to analyze the cases of complications of BCGvaccination in children, potential risk factors, patient management tactics.Materials and methods: The statistical data on local complications of BCG-M vaccination in Saint Petersburg (Russia) from 2012 to 2019 was studied. To verify the diagnosis of post-vaccinal complication the Mantoux test, diaskintest or QuantiFERON-TB, X-ray examination, morphological and bacteriological examination were used in cases of indication. Observations of 22 children aged from 1,5 months to 1,5 years with complications after vaccination with BCG-M were analyzed.Results. Since 2010, the sparing BCG-M vaccine has been used in St. Petersburg for primary immunization. The incidence of local complications over the past 8 years was 0,002% – 0,012% of the number of vaccinated children. A cold abscess was diagnosed in 11 (50,0%), BCG-lymphadenitis in 9 (40,9%), an ulcer in 2 (9,1%) children. In 14 (63,6%) of 22 children complications of vaccination were detected in the phase of abscess formation. Fore children underwent surgery with diagnoses of nonspecific lymphadenitis (3), soft tissue abscess (1). In these cases, diagnoses of BCG-M complications was established only after morphological examination of the surgical material. In children with complications while the results of Mantoux test were positive, results of diaskintest and QuantiFERON-TB were negative. The detection of Mycobacterium bovis BCG was possible in 5 patients by culture and polymerase chain reaction methods. 2 clinical cases are given.Conclusion: It is necessary to increase the knowledge of pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, nurses of BCG vaccination techniques, diagnosis and treatment of post-vaccination complication, indications for dispensary observation.
The banking sector as the absorber of the COVID-19 crisis? economic consequences: perception of WSE investors
Authors: Bernardelli Michał , Korzeb Zbigniew , Niedziółka Paweł 
Published: July 2021

Research background: The paper focuses on the research of investors? decisions with regard to shares of all 12 banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange during the first half of 2020. It examines the behavior of a subindex reflecting bank shares? prices against the main WIG index WIG and 14 sector subindices. The authors identify groups of banks with different investors? responses. They also classify banks into separate groups on the basis of changes in the fundamental indicators describing their economic and financial performance. The study concentrates mainly on the verification of the stability of this attribution, explaining reasons for its modifications over time.
Purpose of the article: To identify the characteristics of bank clusters determining different capital market responses to their listed shares and to explain the reasons for volatility in investors? behavior within the analyzed period.
Methods: The methodology of the research can be described in three areas. The first is the statistical analysis with the emphasis on the use of a quarter range to capture changes in the volatility of share prices. The second area is the clustering k-means method based on the interpolated ? from quarterly to daily ? measures of the bank?s financial condition. This mathematical approach is a novelty in finance and economics. The last, third, area is forecasting with the use of linear regression analysis, which is the key factor in determining the abnormal rates of return. The indicated areas are combined through a generally understood correlation analysis.
Findings & value added: Large retail banks have been less affected compared to medium-sized ones with relatively rich corporate portfolios. The initial market reaction reflected concern about the resistance to the crisis of poorly capitalized banks with mean liquidity buffers. Upon the announcement of government support, investors? approach to the shares of banks of differentiated economic and financial performance conformed accordingly. These findings are valuable in the long term especially from the perspective of supervision authorities? policy during external shocks. The presented study suggests designing flexible and tailor-made regulatory approach aligned with the defined bank clusters. Its value added also consists in proposing a new method of analysis, combining interpolation and automatic clustering, which has proved to be adequate for the study of a bank?s financial condition based on daily frequency data. Furthermore, assuming the same length of the estimation window, a close relationship is shown between the results of clustering and the forecasts based on different measures of rates of return.
Does the life cycle affect earnings management and bankruptcy?
Authors: Durana Pavol , Michalkova Lucia , Privara Andrej , Marousek Josef , Tumpach Milos 
Published: July 2021

Research background: Deteriorating economic conditions and a negative outlook increase the pressure on financial management and the need to show high financial performance. According to Positive Accounting Theory, the growing risk of bankruptcy is associated with the phenomenon of earnings management. Bankruptcy risk and the quality of reported profits, along with other aspects of financial performance, vary throughout the company's life cycle. Nevertheless, these factors or their interactions are investigated only to a very small extent.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this study is to clarify the impact of corporate life cycle and bankruptcy on earnings management, in order to describe behaviour of companies at different stages of corporate life cycle.
Methods: A hierarchical mixed model with a random time and industry effect was chosen as appropriate because it allows the investigation of multilevel data that is not independent. The sample covers the financial indicators of more than 33,000 Central European companies from 2015?2019. The non-sequential Dickinson model, company age, and three models of accrual earnings management were used as proxies for the company's life cycle and quality of reported profit.
Findings & value added: Earnings management and bankruptcy risk have a U-shape, indicating that financially distressed firms reduce reported accounting profit at the Introduction, Decline and, to a lesser extent, at the Growth stage. Slovak and Czech companies manipulate profits to a similar extent, Hungarian companies increase accounting profit to a greatest extent than the surveyed countries by controlling bankruptcy ? life cycle effect; however, the variability of accounting manipulations across industries has not been demonstrated. These findings imply that start-ups and declining businesses provide crooked financial statements to obtain more favourable debt covenants, and estimating discretionary accruals using life-cycle subsamples can improve the predictive power of accrual earnings management models.
Encuentros y desencuentros en torno a la educación sexual integral
Authors: Perelman Ana , Expósito Cristián 
Published: July 2021

Este artículo tiene por objeto poner de relieve la Ley Nacional de Educación Sexual Integral Nº 26150 con 15 años de vigencia en Argentina, pero con una reciente aplicación real en las escuelas del país. No obstante, resulta necesario realizar una lectura atenta de sus artículos y de los lineamientos curriculares a fin de ubicar y explicar algunos supuestos (principalmente su vinculación a la «perspectiva de género») en relación con el espíritu de la ley. En este sentido, se analiza de manera interpretativa -desde la razonabilidad de la norma- el contexto histórico que la antecede y la propicia, sus verdaderos alcances y objetivos, como así también los debates y críticas en torno a su vigencia y aplicación. De este modo se aspira a dilucidar malos entendidos y disolver inquietudes en relación a la aplicación de la Ley de Educación Sexual Integral (ESI).
In-hospital prognostic role of coronary atherosclerotic burden in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Fazzari Fabio , Cozzi Ottavia , Maurina Matteo , Donghi Valeria , Indolfi Eleonora , Curzi Mirko , Leone Pier Pasquale , Cannata Francesco , Stefanini Giulio G. , Chiti Arturo , Bragato Renato Maria , Monti Lorenzo , Rossi Alexia 
Published: July 2021

Aims
Currently, there are few available data regarding a possible role for subclinical atherosclerosis as a risk factor for mortality in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. We used coronary artery calcium (CAC) score derived from chest computed tomography (CT) scan to assess the in-hospital prognostic role of CAC in patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods
Electronic medical records of patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD) were excluded. A CAC score was calculated for each patient and was used to categorize them into one of four groups: 0, 1–299, 300–999 and at least 1000. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality for any cause.

Results
The final population consisted of 282 patients. Fifty-seven patients (20%) died over a follow-up time of 40 days. The presence of CAC was detected in 144 patients (51%). Higher CAC score values were observed in nonsurvivors [median: 87, interquartile range (IQR): 0.0–836] compared with survivors (median: 0, IQR: 0.0–136). The mortality rate in patients with a CAC score of at least 1000 was significantly higher than in patients without coronary calcifications (50 vs. 11%) and CAC score 1–299 (50 vs. 23%), P < 0.05. After adjusting for clinical variables, the presence of any CAC categories was not an independent predictor of mortality; however, a trend for increased risk of mortality was observed in patients with CAC of at least 1000.

Conclusion
The correlation between CAC score and COVID-19 is fascinating and under-explored. However, in multivariable analysis, the CAC score did not show an additional value over more robust clinical variables in predicting in-hospital mortality. Only patients with the highest atherosclerotic burden (CAC ≥1000) could represent a high-risk population, similarly to patients with known CAD.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN DAYA DUKUNG AKSIAL , EFISIENSI & BIAYA FONDASI TIANG PANCANG DAN TIANG BOR STUDI KASUS RUSUNAWA DAAN MOGOT
Authors: Kurniawan Stefanus Andy , Sentosa Gregorius Sandjaja 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakPada lokasi ini sendiri fondasi dalam sudah direncanakan dengan menggunakan tiang bor dengan diameter ɸ100 cm serta kedalaman 40 m memakan biaya sebesar Rp. 10.658.080.000,00 (dengan PPN 10%). Lalu pada studi ini ditujukkan untuk melakukan alternatif menggunakan tiang pancang untuk melihat mana yang lebih efisien dari kedua fondasi tersebut, dan didapatkan alternatif dengan diameter tiang pancang ɸ 50 cm dengan Panjang 36 m membutuhkan biaya sebesar Rp.5.945.005.364,00 (dengan PPN 10%) dengan perbandingan efisiensi biaya sebesar 44,22%.AbstractThe location itself was already planed with bored pile ɸ100 cm with 40 m depth and it cost Rp.10.658.080,00 (with tax 10%). The purpose of this research to make an alternative with Driven Pile to see who more efficient from these two foundation, and got an alternative to use driven pile with ɸ 50 cm dimension with 36 m depth that just need cost Rp.5.945.005.364,00 (with tax 10%) with 44,2% cost efficiency
Aproximación a los conceptos de justicia rogada y de justicia material
Authors: Cortés Soto Jorge Alirio , Ospina Montoya Edgar 
Published: July 2021

El presente documento estudia la dicotomía que representa para el juez la justicia rogada o formal y la justicia material, a la hora de dispensar justicia a los asociados y tomar la decisión respectiva, pues de un lado, debe resolver el caso en aplicación de la ley (adecuando o subsumiendo los aspectos que le presenten las partes en las normas) y por el otro, recurrir a los valores y principios que consagra la normatividad (ponderando los derechos en conflicto), dado que el artículo 230 de la Carta prevé que los jueces en sus decisiones solo están sometidos al imperio de la ley, siendo la equidad, los principios generales del derecho y la doctrina, criterios auxiliares. Para el efecto se realiza un análisis histórico, racional y descriptivo del proceso filosófico que enfrentan al derecho positivo con el derecho natural, el derecho con la moral, la justicia y el derecho, para identificar cómo se ha llegado al conflicto que ofrecen dichos principios y concluir con la identificación de los fundamentos que ellos tienen; aspecto de crucial importancia para que los jueces tomen sus decisiones.
Desarrollo legal y jurisprudencia constitucional en Colombia sobre la protección del medio ambiente y los recursos hídricos
Authors: Dussán Bastidas Héctor Javier , Martínez Andrade Juan Pablo 
Published: July 2021

En las últimas décadas, como consecuencia del cambio climático y las altas temperaturas presentadas durante el “Fenómeno del Niño”, se ha acentuado en Colombia y el Departamento del Huila la escasez de agua en los acueductos municipales. Esta problemática que genera preocupación en las autoridades y en la población en general, ha despertado el interés en la academia a debatir si las diferentes disposiciones legales existentes la legislación colombiana son suficientes para hacer frente a la crisis ambiental y especialmente a la pérdida de recursos hídricos superficiales, lo cual afecta el acceso al líquido para el consumo humano.

En ese orden, a partir de la identificación y análisis del desarrollo legal y jurisprudencial de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia, relacionados con la protección ambiental y en especial al tema del agua, se advierte que desde el siglo XX a raíz de innumerables problemas suscitados por la actividad económica con impacto negativo en la salud humana, se dieron las primeras normas de contenido medioambiental, disponiendo algunas medidas sobre el uso del agua utilizada para el consumo humano, pasando por el Decreto Ley 2811 de 1974, el cual adoptó el Código Nacional de Recursos Naturales Renovables y de Protección al Medio Ambiente, y un profuso desarrollo normativo ambiental, hasta llegar a la Constitución Política de 1991 considerada como una “Constitución Ecológica”. Desde ese momento, se ha intensificado la producción normativa y jurisprudencial en torno a la protección jurídica del agua como generadora de vida.
Early report on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy at Owerri, Nigeria
Authors: Ekwunife Christopher Nonso , Okonta Kelechi E. , Enendu Stephen E. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a well-established endoscopic procedure that is used predominantly to create enteral access for feeding. Its use has not been widespread in Nigeria despite its efficacy. This study is done to review the early experiences in the use of PEG in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri and Carez Clinic, Owerri.

Material and Methods:
This is a 4-year retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who had PEG from January 2015 to December 2018. The indications, complications, and outcomes of the procedure were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 13 patients had pull-type gastrostomy during this period. Six (46.1%) patients had the procedure on account of neurologic disorders, 4 (30.8%) patients had esophageal tumors, while 3 (23.1%) patients had esophageal motility disorders. The overall success rate for PEG tube placement was 100%. The most common complication was superficial skin infection 30.8% (4/13). No mortality was attributable to the procedure.

Conclusion:
PEG is still not commonly done in our setting, but it is a relatively safe procedure. Physicians should be encouraged to offer it to our teeming patients with neurologic disorders who may benefit from it.
Case presentation of Safe and Effective Use of Medical Cannabis in the Elderly
Authors: Barton Luisa , Nisan Clara , Burleigh Carey , Fredericks Suzanne 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The therapeutic benefits of medical cannabis have been demonstrated for a number of chronic conditions impacting the elderly population, such as pain management, and as alternatives to antipsychotic and opioid interventions, as well as end of life treatments. However, this therapeutic intervention has not become part of routine care for seniors living in long-term care facilities because of reduced public acceptance and stigma. The aim of this paper was to present case studies outlining the effective use of medical cannabis to treat elderly patients with a variety of medical conditions and symptoms such as: post traumatic stress disorder, pain, anxiety, delusions, as well as palliative care. Cannabis was also used to taper antipsychotic medications, and for managing those in palliative care.
Case Presentation: Three cases highlighting the use of medical cannabis are described, from the perspective of a nurse practitioner-led interdisciplinary team approach.
Management and Outcome: Using a variety of combinations of medical cannabis (cannabidiol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) in oral formulations, the long-term care facility has achieved a dramatic reduction in the use of antipsychotic medications. Medical cannabis has shown alleviation of many symptoms such as: pain, dyspnea, agitation, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and twitching. Positive results were noted in several palliative care patients who received medical cannabis for pain and symptom management.
Conclusion: As an adjunct therapy for managing post traumatic stress disorder and other conditions, medical cannabis has been effective in reducing symptoms and for improving the patients’ overall quality of life. Continued evaluation into the long effectiveness of medical cannabis provided to individuals over the age of 65 years is suggested. This nurse practitioner-led therapeutic intervention highlights the potential health benefits of medical cannabis and has clinical implications for practice and education.