bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse thinking: taking a healthy diet perspective towards food systems transformations
Authors: Brouwer I. D. , van Liere M. J. , de Brauw A. , Dominguez-Salas P. , Herforth A. , Kennedy G. , Lachat C. , Omosa E. B. , Talsma E. F. , Vandevijvere S. , Fanzo J. , Ruel M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFood systems that deliver healthy diets without exceeding the planet’s resources are essential to achieve the worlds’ ambitious development goals. Healthy diets need to be safe, accessible, and affordable for all, including for disadvantaged and nutritionally vulnerable groups such as of smallholder producers, traders, and consumers in low- and middle-income countries. Globally, food systems are experiencing rapid and drastic changes and are failing to fulfil these multiple duties simultaneously. The international community therefore calls for rigorous food systems transformations and policy solutions to support the achievement of healthy diets for all. Most strategies, however, are essentially supply- and market-oriented. Incorporation of a healthy diet perspective in food system transformation is essential to enable food systems to deliver not only on supplying nutritious foods but also on ensuring that consumers have access can afford and desire healthy, sustainable, and culturally acceptable diets. This paper argues that this should be guided by information on diets, dietary trends, consumer motives, and food environment characteristics. Transformational approaches and policies should also take into account the stage of food system development requiring different strategies to ensure healthier diets for consumers. We review current knowledge on drivers of consumer choices at the individual and food environment level with special emphasis on low- and middle income countries, discuss the converging and conflicting objectives that exist among multiple food-system actors, and argue that failure to strengthen synergies and resolve trade-offs may lead to missed opportunities and benefits, or negative unintended consequences in food system outcomes. The paper proposes a menu of promising consumer- and food-environment- oriented policy options to include in the food systems transformation agenda in order to shift LMIC consumer demand towards healthier diets in low- and middle income countries.
Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Children with Mental Health Problems: a 2-Year Follow-up Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Laundy Katarina , Friberg Peter , Osika Walter , Chen Yun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Moderate mental health problems are highly prevalent and increasing in Swedish schoolchildren, elevating risk for future mental and somatic disability. The aim of this study was to determine whether an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention, Training for Mindfulness and Resilience (TMR), mitigates mental health symptoms and increases resilience during a 2-year follow-up.

Methods
Schoolchildren (aged 9–14 years) reporting moderate mental health problems were randomized into either TMR intervention group (N = 22) or control group, receiving best current practice (N = 12). We used validated questionnaires to measure anxiety, depression, anger, disruptive behavior, self-concept, resilience, stress, and mindfulness before treatment with either TMR or control, as well as at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years follow-up.

Results
We found a statistically significant effect of TMR intervention vs control, on resilience, anxiety, anger, and disruptive behavior. Compared to baseline, TMR increased the level of resilience at 6 months (p < .001); decreased anxiety at 1 (p < = .033) and 2 years (p = .04); anger at 6 months (p = .004) and 2 years (p = .039); disruptive behavior at 6 months (p = .006). In the control group, a decrease in resilience between 6 months and 2 years (p = .05) was observed. No other significant effects were found in the control group.

Conclusions
This study suggested that TMR improved mental health in schoolchildren with effects on anxiety and anger lasting for 2 years, and on resilience and disruptive behavior lasting for 6 months.

Trial Registration Number
NCT04806542, date of registration 18th of March 2021, retrospectively registered.
Naïve Realism and the Colors of Afterimages
Authors: Mizrahi Vivian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlong with hallucinations and illusions, afterimages have shaped the philosophical debate about the nature of perception. Often referred to as optical or visual illusions, experiences of afterimages have been abundantly exploited by philosophers to argue against naïve realism. This paper offers an alternative account to this traditional view by providing a tentative account of the colors of the afterimages from an objectivist perspective. Contrary to the widespread approach to afterimages, this paper explores the possibility that the colors of afterimages are not ontologically different from “ordinary” colors and that experiences of afterimages fail to provide a motivation for rejecting naïve realism.
Biological Frailty Index in centenarians
Authors: Arosio Beatrice , Geraci Annalisa , Ferri Evelyn , Mari Daniela , Cesari Matteo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study measured the subclinical frailty of centenarians by looking at the accumulation of their biological abnormalities. For this aim, a biological Frailty Index (FI) was computed in centenarians living in Northern Italy. The median value of the biological FI was 0.33 (interquartile range, IQR 0.28–0.41). The biological FI did not significantly differ between women (0.34, IQR 0.31–0.39) and men (0.32, IQR 0.26–0.43). The biological FI seems to have a narrower distribution compared to clinical FI we previously computed in the same cohort. In conclusion, our study suggests that centenarians benefit from exceptional biological reserves that might be underestimated by clinical appearances.
Assessment of cognitive impairment and related risk factors in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Karakizlis Hristos , Bohl Katharina , Ziemek Jannis , Dodel Richard , Hoyer Joachim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients has been acknowledged over the last years and has been reported in up to 80% of patients. Older age, high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as stroke and transient ischemic attack, uremia, and multiple metabolic disturbances represent the most common factors for cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study on 408 patients from 10 hemodialysis centers in the regional government district of Middle Hesse (Germany). Patients underwent a neuropsychological test battery consisting of five tests, in addition to a phonemic fluency test, to assess cognitive profile. The patients were classified as no cognitive impairment or mildly-, moderately- or severely-impaired cognitive function, depending on the degree of impairment and number of domains where the deficit was determined. We analyzed the cognitive profile and the change in performance over time in hemodialysis patients based on their cognitive status at baseline vs. 1-year follow-up.

Results
Of 479 eligible patients, 408 completed all tests at baseline. Only 25% (n = 102) of the patients had no cognitive impairment. Fourteen per cent (n = 57), 36.5% (n = 149), and 24.5% (n = 100) of patients showed mild, moderate, and severe impairment, respectively. In patients with cognitive impairment, all cognitive domains were affected, and impairment was significantly associated with depression and education. The most impaired cognitive performance was immediate memory recall, and the best performance was found in naming ability. No significant change was observed after 1-year follow up in any domain.

Conclusion
Our study shows that the prevalence of cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients is high and that it is affected by the presence of depression. Furthermore, education has an effect on cognitive test results. As depression has a significant influence on cognitive impairment, its early identification is essential in order to initiate treatment at an early stage, hoping to positively influence cognitive performance.
Dopant-Tunable Ultrathin Transparent Conductive Oxides for Efficient Energy Conversion Devices
Authors: Kang Dae Yun , Kim Bo-Hyun , Lee Tae Ho , Shim Jae Won , Kim Sungmin , Sung Ha-Jun , Chang Kee Joo , Kim Tae Geun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUltrathin film-based transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) with a broad work function (WF) tunability are highly demanded for efficient energy conversion devices. However, reducing the film thickness below 50 nm is limited due to rapidly increasing resistance; furthermore, introducing dopants into TCOs such as indium tin oxide (ITO) to reduce the resistance decreases the transparency due to a trade-off between the two quantities. Herein, we demonstrate dopant-tunable ultrathin (≤ 50 nm) TCOs fabricated via electric field-driven metal implantation (m-TCOs; m = Ni, Ag, and Cu) without compromising their innate electrical and optical properties. The m-TCOs exhibit a broad WF variation (0.97 eV), high transmittance in the UV to visible range (89–93% at 365 nm), and low sheet resistance (30–60 Ω cm−2). Experimental and theoretical analyses show that interstitial metal atoms mainly affect the change in the WF without substantial losses in optical transparency. The m-ITOs are employed as anode or cathode electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs), inorganic UV LEDs, and organic photovoltaics for their universal use, leading to outstanding performances, even without hole injection layer for OLED through the WF-tailored Ni-ITO. These results verify the proposed m-TCOs enable effective carrier transport and light extraction beyond the limits of traditional TCOs.
Simulator Coupled with Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol for Automated Driving Tests
Authors: Meyer Max-Arno , Sauter Lina , Granrath Christian , Hadj-Amor Hassen , Andert Jakob 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo meet the challenges in software testing for automated vehicles, such as increasing system complexity and an infinite number of operating scenarios, new simulation methods must be developed. Closed-loop simulations for automated driving (AD) require highly complex simulation models for multiple controlled vehicles with their perception systems as well as their surrounding context. For the realization of such models, different simulation domains must be coupled with co-simulation. However, widely supported model integration standards such as functional mock-up interface (FMI) lack native support for distributed platforms, which is a key feature for AD due to the computational intensity and platform exclusivity of certain models. The newer FMI companion standard distributed co-simulation protocol (DCP) introduces platform coupling but must still be used in conjunction with AD co-simulations. As part of an assessment framework for AD, this paper presents a DCP compliant implementation of an interoperable interface between a 3D environment and vehicle simulator and a co-simulation platform. A universal Python wrapper is implemented and connected to the simulator to allow its control as a DCP slave. A C-code-based interface enables the co-simulation platform to act as a DCP master and to realize cross-platform data exchange and time synchronization of the environment simulation with other integrated models. A model-in-the-loop use case is performed with the traffic simulator CARLA running on a Linux machine connected to the co-simulation master xMOD on a Windows computer via DCP. Several virtual vehicles are successfully controlled by cooperative adaptive cruise controllers executed outside of CARLA. The standard compliance of the implementation is verified by exemplary connection to prototypic DCP solutions from 3rd party vendors. This exemplary application demonstrates the benefits of DCP compliant tool coupling for AD simulation with increased tool interoperability, reuse potential, and performance.
Do Sub‐Mesoscales Inhibit Destruction of PV?
Authors: Canuto V. M. , Cheng Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present the first explicit form of the three components, advective, diabatic, and frictional of the PV J fluxes contributed by sub‐mesoscales SM. Of particular interest is the surface value of the vertical frictional PV flux which when positive, can induce the destruction of PV by down‐front winds. The 2005 numerical simulations of Thomas confirmed that this is indeed the case. However, since the 12 km numerical resolution could not account for sub‐mesoscales SM (0.1–10) km, the effect of SM on the PV destruction process could not be quantified. The goal of this work is to provide an answer to that question asked in the title. The two SM parameterizations entering the problem, the vertical buoyancy flux and the momentum flux (Reynolds stresses), bring about a new feature, the dependence on the SM kinetic energy (represented by the dimensionless Rossby number Ro), that causes unexpected results. While in the absence of SM, there were no restrictions on where PV destruction could occur, in the presence of SM, the condition of a positive surface vertical frictional flux is restricted to SM regimes with very low Ro < 1 and very high Ro > 10. Since the SM kinetic energy is location‐dependent, so is PV destruction. The effect of SM seems to make PV destruction a much rarer occurrence than previously thought.
Fitting Jet Noise Similarity Spectra to Volcano Infrasound Data
Authors: Gestrich J. E. , Fee D. , Matoza R. S. , Lyons J. J. , Ruiz M. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInfrasound (low‐frequency acoustic waves) has proven useful to detect and characterize subaerial volcanic activity, but understanding the infrasonic source during sustained eruptions is still an area of active research. Preliminary comparison between acoustic eruption spectra and the jet noise similarity spectra suggests that volcanoes can produce an infrasonic form of jet noise from turbulence. The jet noise similarity spectra, empirically derived from audible laboratory jets, consist of two noise sources: large‐scale turbulence (LST) and fine‐scale turbulence (FST). We fit the similarity spectra quantitatively to eruptions of Mount St. Helens in 2005, Tungurahua in 2006, and Kīlauea in 2018 using nonlinear least squares fitting. By fitting over a wide infrasonic frequency band (0.05–10 Hz) and restricting the peak frequency above 0.15 Hz, we observe a better fit during times of eruption versus non‐eruptive background noise. Fitting smaller overlapping frequency bands highlights changes in the fit of LST and FST spectra, which aligns with observed changes in eruption dynamics. Our results indicate that future quantitative spectral fitting of eruption data will help identify changes in eruption source parameters such as velocity, jet diameter, and ash content which are critical for effective hazard monitoring and response.
Bathymetric Signatures of Submarine Forearc Deformation: A Case Study in the Nankai Accretionary Prism
Authors: Schottenfels Emily R. , Regalla Christine A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLarge earthquakes and tsunamis in subduction zone forearcs occur via slip on the shallow plate boundary and upper plate faults, but the locations, geometries, and slip histories of these faults can be difficult to constrain in regions with minimal subsurface geophysical and stratigraphic data. Here, we test a new approach to quantify the submarine seafloor geomorphic response to forearc deformation in order to identify structures that contribute to active deformation, to interpret their geometry and kinematics, and to evaluate their relative rates, magnitudes, and timing of deformation. We develop a workflow that uses filtered bathymetric digital elevation models, where long wavelength topography has been removed, to isolate the slope, relief, curvature, ridgelines, and trough lines associated with faults, fault‐related folds, and slope failures. We apply these methods to the Kumano region of the Nankai accretionary prism, southeastern Japan, where existing constraints on fault geometry, kinematics, and deformation history allow us to both evaluate the efficacy of our approach and to identify the lateral continuity of deformation processes. Our bathymetric analyses yield a high‐resolution tectono‐geomorphic map of active structures and reveal along strike variations in strain accumulation and out‐of‐sequence deformation. These metrics also demonstrate the importance of a strike‐slip fault system at the seaward edge of the Kumano Basin as a primary structure that accommodates deformation and partitions strain in the Nankai forearc. These results show the utility of using a submarine tectono‐geomorphic approach to evaluate active deformation in forearcs, particularly in regions with limited geophysical and core data.
Numerical Prediction of the Migrating Diurnal Tide Total Variability in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere
Authors: Vitharana Ashan , Du Jian , Zhu Xuwen , Oberheide Jens , Ward William E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a forecast model for the total variability of DW1 and study its prediction accuracy against the actual variability from the extended Canadian Middle Atmospheric Model (eCMAM) simulations and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) observations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. To account for the long‐term variability (periods >30 days), we fit the data with a multi‐linear regression model that contains the solar cycle, El Niño Southern Oscillation, quasi‐biennial oscillation, and the seasonal harmonics at 12, 6, 4, and 3 months. The fitting coefficients/amplitudes from each deterministic variability are examined between the eCMAM and SABER. To predict the short‐term tidal variability, we adopted an auto‐regression (AR) model from Vitharana et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030573). The forecast model is a combination of the multi‐linear regression model and the AR model. The forecast model can predict the total tidal variability of DW1 with high accuracy. The prediction accuracy (correlation coefficient) ranges between 0.81 and 0.98 (average 0.93) for eCMAM and 0.76 and 0.92 (average 0.82) for SABER. The prediction accuracy for the short‐term tidal variability is very high for both eCMAM and SABER and shows little variation with correlation coefficients at ∼0.95. The prediction accuracy for the total tidal variability follows that for the long‐term tidal variability. The discrepancy between the forecast model and the actual total tidal variability is mainly because the forecast model cannot capture all the long‐term tidal variability (periods >30 days). Besides the well‐known periods for long‐term variability, the other periods change on a year‐to‐year basis.
Low‐Volatility Vapors and New Particle Formation Over the Southern Ocean During the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition
Authors: Baccarini Andrea , Dommen Josef , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Henning Silvia , Modini Robin L. , Gysel‐Beer Martin , Baltensperger Urs , Schmale Julia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring summer, the Southern Ocean is largely unaffected by anthropogenic emissions, which makes this region an ideal place to investigate marine natural aerosol sources and processes. A better understanding of natural aerosol is key to constrain the preindustrial aerosol state and reduce the aerosol radiative forcing uncertainty in global climate models. We report the concentrations of gaseous sulfuric acid, iodic acid, and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) together with a characterization of new particle formation (NPF) events over a large stretch of the Southern Ocean. Measurements were conducted on board the Russian icebreaker Akademik Tryoshnikov from January to March 2017. Iodic acid is characterized by a particular diurnal cycle with reduced concentration around noon, suggesting a lower formation yield when solar irradiance is higher. Gaseous MSA does not have a diurnal cycle and measured concentrations in gas and condensed phase are compatible with this species being primarily produced via heterogeneous oxidation of dimethyl sulfide and subsequent partitioning into the gas phase. We also found that NPF in the boundary layer is mainly driven by sulfuric acid but it occurred very rarely over the vast geographical area probed and did not contribute to the cloud condensation nuclei budget in a directly observable manner. Despite the near absence of NPF events in the boundary layer, Aitken mode particles were frequently measured, supporting the hypothesis of a free tropospheric source. Iodic acid and MSA were not found to participate in nucleation, however, MSA may contribute to aerosol growth via heterogeneous formation in the aqueous phase.
Mechanisms of Discontinuous Permafrost Thaw in Peatlands
Authors: Devoie Élise G. , Craig James R. , Dominico Mason , Carpino Olivia , Connon Ryan F. , Rudy Ashley C. A. , Quinton William L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate warming in discontinuous permafrost peatlands is causing permafrost loss and changes in ecosystem dynamics at an unprecedented rate. Though rates of permafrost loss and landscape change have been widely documented based on remote sensing and field measurements, the local mechanisms of permafrost degradation remain under‐studied. These mechanisms were explored using data collected over three decades of research in the Scotty Creek study basin in the southern Northwest Territories of Canada. The data, when compared to numerical modeling results, demonstrated that vertical heat conduction accounts for most vertical permafrost degradation, while advective heat transfer drives thaw in features which are subject to seasonal flows. It was found that heat advection was necessary to describe lateral thaw rates of up to 115 cm annually, which are an order of magnitude greater than vertical thaw rates, which average 10 cm annually. Thaw from below, driven either by the geothermal gradient or groundwater flow, may account for up to 10 cm of permafrost thaw annually. The hydrologic, thermodynamic and geophysical function of taliks in different parts of the landscape were considered in light of the data collected at the field site and surrounding area. This analysis is supported through the use of ERT data detailing the subsurface permafrost structure. This understanding of local thaw mechanisms and trajectory is an important first step in being able to predict distributed permafrost thaw in peatlands.