bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shunt Infection
Authors: Choux Maurice 
Published: May 2021

The improvement in the management of hydrocephalus comes from the following: early diagnosis, radiological investigation, better knowledge of mechanisms, quality of material, surgical technique of implantation, less shunt complications (e.g.infections) and alternatives to shunt (e.g. Neuroendoscopy). However, shunt infection does not improve in the last decades, ranging from 3 to 12%. Shunt infection can be classified in: would infection, CSF infection, infected shunt system, abdominal complications (infection). The main agent is Staphylococcus, causing 67%-85% of problems, mainly due to colonization of shunt by skin flora. The majority of cases occur during the first 2 months (85%), late infection is rare. Risk factors to infection are the following: the cause of hydrocephalus, clinical condition and the age of children, operation time of the day, the duration of the shunt operation, the number of persons in OR, shunt material (Antibiotic catheter), presence of previously shunt system, postoperative CSF leak, perioperative antibiotics and economic level of Medical Center. Recommended management of shunt infection: removal of the shunt, insertion of an external drainage (EVD) (always in operation room), change EVD after 15 days, intravenous antibiotics, replacement of ventriculoperitoneal shunt after 3 sterile cultures. The most feared complications of Shunt infection are mortality, morbidity and cost. In conclusion: SHUNT INFECTION IS NOT A FATALITY
US-Taliban Peace Agreement: A Study of Economic and Strategic Implications for Pakistan
Authors: Salim Asif , Khan Raid , Zikriya  
Published: May 2021

The competition among the regional stake-holders cannot be neglected because they can sabotage the peace process by delaying the focused intra-afghan dialogue. It is, therefore, argued that only Afghans can dilute the influence of external actors and keep them away from interfering in the internal politics of Afghanistan. Without the active participation of Pakistan objectives for durable and long-standing peace cannot be achieved. Pakistan not only provided its good-offices for the negotiation between the parties at different forums but also influenced and persuaded the Taliban factions for negotiations. The question arises that what will be the implications of this deal on Pakistan and how it can play plank the fruitful outcomes from this deal. The results shows that the deal between the US and Taliban has deep-down strategic and economic implications on Pakistan and with better strategy Pakistan can create win-win situation for the other regional stakeholders. Furthermore, the current research is qualitative in nature in which the empirical data and popular literature have critically analyzed to understand the peace agreement in Afghanistan with its different dimensions and perspectives. Policy recommendations are the part of discussion, however paper focuses fundamentally on possible ramifications of Doha peace deal.
GERENCIAMENTO DE NEGÓCIOS DE IMPACTOS SOCIAIS EM EMPREENDIMENTOS POPULARES COM BASE EM METODOLOGIAS INOVADORAS
Authors: Mendes Agra Davi 
Published: May 2021

Desde a criação do Programa Minha Casa Minha vida em 2009 até a atualidade, verifica-se problemas nas várias esperas no pós-ocupação dos empreendimentos faixa 1, direcionados para a camada mais carente da popupalçao brasileira. A falta de assistencialismo é um fator preocupante e que desperta empatia nas pessoas que buscam alguma forma de ajuda conjunta através de negócios de impacto social que carregam valores, visando a solução desses problemas. Foram propostos nessa pesquisa métodos participativos e inovadores através do desing thinking e da gestão PMDpro, a fim de ofertar qualidade de vida e atender às necessidades do moradores, gerando estratégias operacionais sistematizadas na coordenação das atividades dos diferentes setores. O objetivo do trabalho é compilar esse conceitos através da proposição de uma corrente do bem que contribua na mitigação de impactos da vulnerabilidade. A presente pesquisa terá aspecto metodológico de caráter teórico conceitual, com investigações quantitativas e qualitativas, bibliográfica exploratória, descritiva e observações de campo. Concluiu-se que estudar essa temática e associá-la à problemática de habitação no Brasil é defendê-la como método eficiente na luta pelo direito à cidade e moradia digna, onde a habitação não se torne só o lugar onde se mora e sim que transmita o sentimento de pertencimento enraizado nos seus moradores a partir de trajetórias de vida e vinculações com o seu habitat.
Palavras-chave: Habitação; Negócios sociais; Inovação; Gestão.
SISTEMAS ALIMENTARES SUSTENTÁVEIS E SAUDÁVEIS: DIÁLOGOS E CONVERGÊNCIAS POSSÍVEIS
Authors: Bezerra Islandia , Paula Natália Ferreira 
Published: May 2021

Refletir sobre os diálogos e convergências, bem como sobre as divergências, imbricadas nos sistemas alimentares requer, minimamente, uma compreensão ampliada de todo o emaranhado que o engloba e nos convida a rompermos com as leituras compartimentadas da tríade sociedade-natureza-cultura. A ciência da nutrição historicamente sofre influencias do cartesianismo biológico e para pensar em formação/atuação a partir de olhares ampliados é necessário conhecer as diversidades dos sistemas alimentares e discutir alternativas para o modelo hegemônico. A alternativa é aqui apresentada através da agroecologia, em sua tríade ciência-movimento-prática. A discussão busca romper com a lógica compartimentada, visto que as/os nutricionistas são fundamentais na busca e na construção de sistemas alimentares sustentáveis e saudáveis.
Pathogenic mechanism of intestinal microbiota involved in Guillain-Barre syndrome and with Bifidobacterium intervention
Authors: Shi Peng , Nian Di , Qu Hongdang , Sun Junjie , Li Qiang , Li Qianqian , Wang Chun , Ye Ming 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionGuillain-barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy, involving the peripheral nervous system. The pathogenicity of GBS lies on Th17/Treg imbalance which may be affected by intestinal microbiota. From the previous study, treatment with Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis) significantly improved the symptoms of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) through reducing the levels of IL-17A. In the present study, we aimed to further investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of intestinal microbiota involved in GBS, with the intervention of Bifidobacterium.Material and methodsLewis rats (n = 18) were injected with P253-78 peptide and completed Freund's adjuvant to induce EAN model. The clinical scores, Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy at day 15 after immunization were used to determine the pathological changes. The levels of IL-17, IL-10 and TGF-β and the proportions of Th17 and Treg cells in lymphocytes of blood samples were used to decide the Th17 / Treg imbalance. The intestinal microbiota was detected using 16S rRNA technology, and the bacteria with significant changes were also detected in fecal specimens of GBS patients.ResultsB. infantis improved EAN, by decreasing clinical scores and pathological changes, thus improving Th17/Treg imbalance. Moreover, the number of Lactobacillus, Rumenococcus and Clostridium were significantly reduced whereas the number of Akkermansia, Escherichia and Coprococcus significantly increased in the EAN group, which was abrogated by B. infantis.ConclusionsImbalance of Th17/Tregs expression induced by imbalance of intestinal microbiota may get involved in GBS. However, B. infantis intervention can regulate Th17/Treg balance by regulating imbalanced intestinal microbiota, thus improving GBS.
Down-regulation of PM20D1 is associated with clinics outcomes and prognosis of gestational patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Lieming 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionTo investigate clinic role of PM20D1 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Material and methodsThis observational study included 189 cases of GDM patients who came to our department during March 2018 to December 2019. Additionally, 100 healthy pregnant individuals who came to physical examination were included as healthy control during the same period. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of PM20D1 at gestational age 24-28 weeks, as well as gestational age 37-40 weeks. Serum inflammatory factors of C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.ResultsThe expression of PM20D1 was markedly decreased in GDM patients compared with the healthy control. Besides, patients of third trimester of pregnancy (gestational age 37-40 weeks) showed significantlylower expression of PM20D1 than patients of second trimester of pregnancy (gestational age 24-28 weeks). Serum levels of CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and leptin were remarkably higher and levels of adiponectin were markedly lower in GDM patients at both second and third trimester of pregnancy, which were the highest at third trimester of pregnancy. Pearson’s analysis showed PM20D1 was negatively correlated with IL-1β, IL-6 and leptin and positively correlated with adiponectin. At second trimester of pregnancy, patients with lower expression of PM20D1 showed remarkably higher levels of HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, FBG, OGTT-1hPG, OGTT-2hPG, as well as TG and LDL-ch, as well as markedly lower levels of HDL-ch. Down-regulated PM20D1 predicted poor pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsReduced was PM20D1 associated with patients’ clinics outcomes and pregnancy outcomes in GDM.
The effects of rivaroxaban, an oral anticoagulant,
on human IVD primary cultures
Authors: CALISKAN Tezcan , AKALAN Hande , YILMAZ Ibrahim , KARAARSLAN Numan , YASAR SIRIN Duygu , OZBEK Hanefi 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionThe present study aimed to investigate the potential effects
of rivaroxaban, an oral anticoagulant that inhibits the effects of factor Xa,
on intact intervertebral disc tissue cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM).Material and methodsRivaroxaban was applied to primary human cell cultures prepared from tissues of the intervertebral disc. Comparative molecular analyses were performed on non-drug-treated control group samples.
Descriptive statistics were presented as the mean ± standard deviation. An
analysis of variance test was performed to determine whether there were significant differences in the mean across the groups. When differences across
groups were observed, Tukey’s honestly significant difference post-hoc test
was used for multiple pairwise comparisons. The significance of the obtained
data was determined statistically. The α significance value was < 0.05.ResultsThe cells in the control group and in the rivaroxaban-treated group
were viable, healthy, and proliferated (p < 0.05). However, the expression
levels of the chondroadherin gene (CHAD), cartilage oligo matrix protein
(COMP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, and MMP-19 genes were
changed (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough rivaroxaban does not suppress cell proliferation due
to morphological, biological, and biochemical changes in the intervertebral
disc tissue, it may change the expression of genes that are related to ECM
maintenance.
Los sistemas de partidos de Centroamérica, Panamá y República Dominicana caracterización, similitudes, diferencias y desafíos
Authors: Artiga-González Álvaro 
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo tiene un carácter analíticodescriptivo y aborda los sistemas de partidos de Centroamérica, Panamá y República Dominicana. El examen de la estructuración de la oferta partidista, el número de partidos relevantes y la polarización de la competencia partidista permite elaborar una tipología. La misma podría ser utilizada en la investigación comparada para establecer relaciones con otras variables del sistema político; entre ellas, la consolidación de democracias en esta región del planeta.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 62, No. 705, 2007: 541-569.
Atuação da equipe multiprofissional em saúde, no cenário da pandemia por Covid 19
Authors: Silva Cunha Thaynara Gabriella , Anuska da Silva Maia Guimarães  , Thainara Alves dos Santos  , Lucyana Bertoso de Vasconcelos Freire  
Published: May 2021

Introdução: Diante do contexto da pandemia e crescente disseminação do COVID-19, se faz necessário a atuação de equipe multiprofissional na assistência à saúde, para proporcionar assistência integral e ampliar a divulgação de informações completas e embasadas no estabelecimento de medidas de prevenção e controle para enfrentamento da transmissão. Objetivo: Apresentar reflexão teórica acerca da abordagem da equipe multiprofissional em Nefrologia no cenário do COVID-19. Método: Estudo teórico reflexivo no qual foram utilizados trabalhos referentes à infecção por Coronavírus e à atuação multiprofissional com foco na assistência de nutrição, enfermagem e assistência social. Resultados: O novo coronavírus apresenta alta transmissibilidade e, por isso, é necessário implementar medidas de prevenção e controle, que contam com a capacitação de uma equipe multiprofissional no estabelecimento das estratégias a serem seguidas e orientadas. Conclusão: A abordagem multiprofissional possibilita pensar em ações estratégicas conjuntas por diversos profissionais que têm um objetivo em comum, compreender o paciente com suspeita ou confirmação de COVID 19 e vincular as ações a todas as esferas de direitos, o que permite alcançar melhores respostas às suas demandas em sua totalidade, e não na perspectiva de fragmentação.
Spyglass® na resolução de coledocolitíase primária: um relato de caso
Authors: Barros Viana Fernanda , Hayato Ejima Flávio , Aparecida Machado Lígia , Mendanha da Silva Aureliano Anna Paula , Sampaio Costa Mendes Liliana 
Published: May 2021

Introdução: A observação endoscópica direta das vias biliopancreáticas tem sido aprimorada durante décadas visando maior efetividade diagnóstica e terapêutica. Em 2006 foi desenvolvida a colangioscopia de operador único (SPYGLASS®), que permite a tripsia de cálculos grandes, bem como tratamento de estenoses e biópsias de tumores das vias biliares. Relato de Caso: Apresentamos um caso de coledocolitíase primária por cálculo gigante extraído após litotripsia a laser com a técnica da colangioscopia peroral por operador único. Discussão: Antigamente a escolha para pacientes com coledocolitíase por cálculo maior que 1,5cm era a derivação biliodigestiva. Hoje a colangioscopia representa um importante avanço na endoscopia terapêutica devido a alta acurácia e precisão na manipulação da árvore biliar, evitando realização de cirurgia de grande porte. Conclusão: A partir deste relato de caso pode-se concluir que, apesar do alto custo, a colangioscopia representa uma opção endoscópica inovadora, acurada e pouco invasiva, capaz de evitar ato cirúrgico de grande porte. Además está bem indicada para biópsia em vias biliares e tratamento de pacientes com estenose em via biliar e cálculos gigantes.
Large-scale climate signals of a European oxygen isotope network from tree rings
Authors: Balting Daniel F. , Ionita Monica , Wegmann Martin , Helle Gerhard , Schleser Gerhard H. , Rimbu Norel , Freund Mandy B. , Heinrich Ingo , Caldarescu Diana , Lohmann Gerrit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. We investigate the climate signature of δ18O tree-ring records from sites distributed all over Europe covering the last 400
years. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis reveals two distinct
modes of variability on the basis of the existing δ18O tree-ring records. The first mode is associated with anomaly patterns projecting
onto the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and reflects a
multi-seasonal climatic signal. The ENSO link is pronounced for the last 130 years, but it is found to be weak over the period from 1600 to 1850, suggesting that the relationship between ENSO and the European climate may not be stable over time. The second mode of δ18O variability, which captures a north–south dipole in the European δ18O tree-ring records, is related to a regional summer atmospheric circulation pattern, revealing a pronounced centre over the North Sea. Locally, the δ18O anomalies associated with this mode show the same (opposite) sign with temperature (precipitation). Based on the oxygen isotopic signature derived from tree rings, we argue that the prevailing large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and the related teleconnections can be analysed beyond instrumental records.
The ADRIREEF database: a comprehensive collection of natural/artificial reefs and wrecks in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Minelli Annalisa , Ferrà Carmen , Spagnolo Alessandra , Scanu Martina , Tassetti Anna Nora , Ferrari Carla Rita , Mazziotti Cristina , Pigozzi Silvia , Jakl Zrinka , Šarčević Tena , Šimac Miranda , Kruschel Claudia , Pejdo Dubravko , Barbone Enrico , De Gioia Michele , Borme Diego , Gordini Emiliano , Auriemma Rocco , Benzon Ivo , Vuković-Stanišić Đeni , Orlić Sandi , Frančić Vlado , Zec Damir , Orlić Kapović Ivana , Soldati Michela , Ulazzi Silvia , Fabi Gianna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The paper presents a database of information on wrecks,
natural and artificial reefs located in the Adriatic Sea, collected within
the framework of the Interreg Italy–Croatia project ADRIREEF – Innovative
exploitation of Adriatic Reefs in order to strengthen Blue Economy. The data
collection lasted more than 1 year and included three surveys and a
wide literature review. After being collected, data were harmonized and,
where possible, made machine-readable. Moreover, data were widely metadated,
published in a WebGIS (https://adrireef.github.io/sandbox3/, last access: 3 May 2021),
and shared as open data in EMODnet (European Marine Observation and Data
Network) Data Ingestion Portal through the SEANOE repository (Ferrà et
al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.17882/74880). The database is
composed of 285 three-dimensional records, each one described by 51
attributes. Parameters are clustered in four main groups: identification,
reef description, site description, and management/exploitation information. Available
literature (scientific and/or grey) was also included in the database and
linked to the corresponding site.
Oil initially in place calculation by geologic and dynamic methods in Nahr Umar formation of Nasiriya oil field
Authors: Suhail Ahmed A. , Kadhim Fadhil S. , Hafiz Mohammed H. 
Published: May 2021

Original oil in place is most critical stages of reservoir management, where the economic advantage of the reservoir is evaluated by estimation of the petrophysical properties and oil reserves. This work was carried out in five wells of Nasiriya oilfield, which is one of the Iraqi oil fields in the southern region. The aim of this study is to calculate oil in place from available data in Nahr Umar formation, having a complex lithology by two methods (static and simulation). It was found that the static model used for computing the petrophysical distribution oil in place was equal to (114 MM or 716 MM STB) and 117 MM or 734 MM STB for the dynamic one
Study the Effect of Alkaline and Surfactants on Improving Iraqi Crude Oil Recovery
Authors: Shakir Mayadah Nayyef , Abdulaameer Haidar , Hassan Qussay Abed , Khalaf Hussain , Jawad Saad Saleh 
Published: May 2021

This research aims to study the effect of using alkaline (caustic) and surfactant materials to improve the recovery of Iraqi crude oil under laboratory conditions.
Flooding tests were carried out by using solutions of two alkalines (NaOH, Na2CO3) and two anionic surfactants materials were prepared at three concentrations ( 0.5%, 1%, 2 % ) using sand packs with ( 8.5 cm ) length and ( 6.5 cm ) diameter, which is saturated with tap water and then saturated with Basrah crude oil of 40 APIo density and 39.5 cp viscosity. The results were compared with the results of flooding tests by tap water and 2wt% brine water.
In tests that tap water and 2wt% brine water were used as a primary recovery a secondary recovery had been tested by using materials that gave highest recovery, the results showed an increase in the recovery and the highest value was 50% by using 0.5% surfactant no.2.
The research showed different effects of these solutions. In general, alkalines type showed an increase in recovery factor vs. concentration, but surfactant type showed decrease in the recovery factor vs. concentration. Also, the results showed that the recovery by using surfactant no.2 were the best respective to other materials, and the highest recovery obtained was 90.9 at 0.5%.
Integration of NMR, Conventional Logs and Core Data to Improve Formation Evaluation of a Gas Reservoir in Kangan and Dalan Formation, Iran
Authors: Bagheri Ali Mohammad , Mohammadnia Mohammad , Karimi Ghafor 
Published: May 2021

Conventional log based reservoir characterization of a gas reservoir in the Kangan and Dalan formations have recently been improved by application of the nuclear magnetic resonance log (NMR).
Important reservoir properties such as permeability, pore size distribution and capillary pressure curves can be estimated from NMR. These parameters are simulated directly in the laboratory on core samples recovered from the reservoir. Due to high cost associated with coring and some technical problems, few wells in any given field are cored.
The only problem of NMR measurements in gas reservoirs is that in gas-bearing zones, total NMR porosity read much less than actual porosity due to low hydrogen index of the gas. This problem was solved by integration of NMR porosity with conventional well logs such as density and sonic and compared with core porosity. Improved porosity calculation lead to better core independent permeability estimation on the wells logged with NMR.
NMR T2 distribution was calibrated with laboratory derived pore size distribution in 7 samples and a constant scaling factor was derived for each rock type to predict a pseudo pore size distribution from NMR.
Logarithmic mean of pore size distribution in 4 wells with NMR was integrated with conventional logs in an artificial neural network to predict a pseudo pore size distribution logarithmic mean (PPSDLM) in the wells without NMR.
PPSDLM and conventional well logs were involved to an electrofacies modeling to predict electrofacies in the reservoir for characterization of heterogeneity of the reservoir in 3D geological model. NMR permeability was also imported to the model as an associated log to predict facies base permeability.
To test the permeability prediction, estimated permeability was compared with core derived permeability on 2 cored wells to see how well, estimated permeability fitted the actual core permeability.