bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal chromosome counts reveal a similar range of chromosome numbers but with less polyploidy in animals compared to flowering plants
Authors: Román‐Palacios Cristian , Medina Cesar A. , Zhan Shing H. , Barker Michael S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that underlie chromosome evolution could provide insights into the processes underpinning the origin, persistence and evolutionary tempo of lineages. Here, we present the first database of chromosome counts for animals (the Animal Chromosome Count database, ACC) summarizing chromosome numbers for ~15,000 species. We found remarkable a similarity in the distribution of chromosome counts between animals and flowering plants. Nevertheless, the similarity in the distribution of chromosome numbers between animals and plants is likely to be explained by different drivers. For instance, we found that while animals and flowering plants exhibit similar frequencies of speciation‐related changes in chromosome number, plant speciation is more often related to changes in ploidy. By leveraging the largest data set of chromosome counts for animals, we describe a previously undocumented pattern across the Tree of Life—animals and flowering plants show remarkably similar distributions of haploid chromosome numbers.
Sex‐specific genetic (co)variances of standard metabolic rate, body mass and locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Videlier Mathieu , Rundle Howard D. , Careau Vincent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA longstanding focus in evolutionary physiology concerns the causes and consequences of variation in maintenance metabolism. Insight into this can be gained by estimating the sex‐specific genetic architecture of maintenance metabolism alongside other, potentially correlated traits on which selection may also act, such as body mass and locomotor activity. This may reveal potential genetic constraints affecting the evolution of maintenance metabolism. Here, we used a half‐sibling breeding design to quantify the sex‐specific patterns of genetic (co)variance in standard metabolic rate (SMR), body mass and daily locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster. There was detectable additive genetic variance for all traits in both sexes. As expected, SMR and body mass were strongly and positively correlated, with genetic allometry exponents (bA ± SE) that were close to 2/3 in females (0.66 ± 0.16) and males (0.58 ± 0.32). There was a significant and positive genetic correlation between SMR and locomotor activity in males, suggesting that alleles that increase locomotion have pleiotropic effects on SMR. Sexual differences in the genetic architecture were largely driven by a difference in genetic variance in locomotor activity between the sexes. Overall, genetic variation was mostly shared between males and females, setting the stage for a potential intralocus sexual conflict in the face of sexually antagonistic selection.
Effect of different surface treatments on optical, colorimetric, and surface characteristics of a lithium disilicate glass–ceramic
Authors: Brescansin Felipe Nascimento , Prochnow Catina , Guilardi Luís Felipe , Kleverlaan Cornelis Johannes , Bacchi Ataís , Valandro Luiz Felipe , Pereira Gabriel Kalil Rocha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of surface treatments on optical, colorimetric, and surface characteristics of lithium disilicate glass–ceramic.Materials and MethodsSpecimens (n = 5, IPS e.max CAD) were randomly allocated to the following treatments: mirror‐polished: SiC papers; as‐cut: mimicking CAD‐CAM milling; ground: 90‐120 μm‐grit diamond bur; ground polished: ground, finished (46‐30 μm‐grit diamond bur), polished (diamond cups, brush and diamond paste); ground glazed: ground, glazed; ground polished glazed: association of methods. CIELAB color coordinates were obtained by a spectrophotometer. CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00) and the translucency parameter (TP00) were calculated. Light transmittance was assessed with a colorimeter. Surface characteristics (topography and roughness) were analyzed. Statistical differences for each condition and outcome were detected using one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post‐hoc test (α = 0.05).ResultsTP00 data show statistical reduction after grinding (p < 0.05), which was only restored with polishing (solely or with glazing). ΔE00 shows that grinding results in perceptible variations in color (above 0.81), which were restored after all post‐processing protocols (exception to only glaze application in contact with a black background). Light transmittance data corroborated such performance. Polishing and glazing reduced roughness and improved surface topography.ConclusionGrinding statistically increased roughness, reduced translucency, light transmittance through the ceramic, and resulted on color differences. On contrary, polishing (followed or not by glazing) reduced roughness and enhanced ceramic translucency and light transmittance. Glaze also reduced roughness, but it still presented reduced translucency. The positioning (facing up or down) of the ceramic treated surface influenced the considered outcomes.Clinical SignificanceGrinding with diamond burs results in a deleterious impact to the optical, colorimetric and surface characteristics of lithium disilicate ceramic. Thus, polishing (followed or not by glazing) is recommended for optical and topographical enhancements when lithium disilicate monolithic restorations require occlusal adjustments.
Natural infection of covert mortality nodavirus affects Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Wang Chong , Liu Shuang , Tang Kathy F. J. , Zhang Qingli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCovert mortality nodavirus (CMNV), a novel aquatic pathogen, causes viral covert mortality disease (VCMD) in shrimps and also known to infect farmed marine fish. To date, there has no report regarding the ability of this virus to infect freshwater fish. In this study, we screened and discovered CMNV‐positive freshwater zebrafish individuals by reverse transcription‐nested PCR (RT‐nPCR). The sequence of CMNV amplicons from zebrafish was found to share 99% identity with RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of the original CMNV isolate. Histopathological examination of the CMNV‐positive zebrafish samples revealed extensive vacuolation and karyopyknosis lesions in the retina of the eye and the midbrain mesencephalon. CMNV‐like virus particles were visualized in these tissues under transmission electron microscope. Different degrees of pathological damages were also found in muscle, gills, thymus and ovarian tissues. Strong positive signals of CMNV probe were observed in these infected tissues by in situ hybridization. Overall, all results indicated that zebrafish, an acknowledged model organism, could be infected naturally by CMNV. Thus, it is needed to pay close attention to the possible interference of CMNV whether in assessment of toxic substances, or in studying the developmental characterization and the nerval function, when zebrafish was used as model animal.
Rapid genotyping of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) using Nanopore sequencing
Authors: Delamare‐Deboutteville Jerome , Taengphu Suwimon , Gan Han Ming , Kayansamruaj Pattanapon , Debnath Partho Pratim , Barnes Andrew , Wilkinson Shaun , Kawasaki Minami , Vishnumurthy Mohan Chadag , Senapin Saengchan , Dong Ha Thanh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInfectious diseases represent one of the major challenges to sustainable aquaculture production. Rapid, accurate diagnosis and genotyping of emerging pathogens during early‐suspected disease cases is critical to facilitate timely response to deploy adequate control measures and prevent or reduce spread. Currently, most laboratories use PCR to amplify partial pathogen genomic regions, occasionally combined with sequencing of PCR amplicon(s) using conventional Sanger sequencing services for confirmatory diagnosis. The main limitation of this approach is the lengthy turnaround time. Here, we report an innovative approach using a previously developed specific PCR assay for pathogen diagnosis combined with a new Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)‐based amplicon sequencing method for pathogen genotyping. Using fish clinical samples, we applied this approach for the rapid confirmation of PCR amplicon sequences identity and genotyping of tilapia lake virus (TiLV), a disease‐causing virus affecting tilapia aquaculture globally. The consensus sequences obtained after polishing exhibit strikingly high identity to references derived by Illumina and Sanger methods (99.83%–100%). This study suggests that ONT‐based amplicon sequencing is a promising platform to deploy in regional aquatic animal health diagnostic laboratories in low‐ and medium‐income countries, for fast identification and genotyping of emerging infectious pathogens from field samples within a single day.
Are psychological interventions effective in treating functional dyspepsia? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rodrigues David M , Motomura Douglas I , Tripp Dean A , Beyak Michael J 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder, characterized primarily by postprandial fullness or early satiety and/or pain in the epigastrium with no endoscopic evidence of disease. Psychological therapies have been adapted to the treatment of disordered gut–brain interaction such as FD. We sought to determine if psychological interventions were efficacious in providing symptom management and improving health‐related quality of life in patients suffering from FD.MethodsData were sorted that belonged to Embase (1947 to January 2020), PsychINFO (1806 to January 2020), and Ovid MEDLINE (1946 to January 2020). Randomized controlled trials using a psychological intervention in adults meeting relevant diagnostic criteria for FD were included. Data including symptom scores and quality of life measures were extracted. A random‐effect model meta‐analysis with standardized mean differences was used.ResultsNine randomized controlled trials were identified that met our inclusion criteria. These were small, single‐centered studies and used varying psychological therapies. Three studies had a sham treatment arm, leading to a high risk of bias in the remaining studies. All the studies reported beneficial effects of psychological treatment on patient's symptoms, some of which persisted up to 1 year. Psychological intervention was associated with an improvement in global FD symptom scores (standardized differences in means −1.33, 95% confidence interval −1.97 to −0.68).ConclusionsDespite the limited data, the available evidence suggests that psychological therapy is beneficial in treating patients with FD and should be considered by treating physicians if available and patients are willing. Large well‐designed, sham controlled trials are needed for this extremely common disorder.
Lower impact of vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy on gut microbiota forHelicobacter pylorieradication
Authors: Horii Toshiki , Suzuki Sho , Takano Chika , Shibuya Hitoshi , Ichijima Ryoji , Kusano Chika , Ikehara Hisatomo , Gotoda Takuji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylorieradication can disrupt the gut microbiome. Here, we investigated the short‐term impact of minimum antibiotic treatment—a 7‐day vonoprazan and low‐dose amoxicillin regimen (VA‐dual therapy)—on gut microbiota and compared it with that of vonoprazan‐based triple therapy (VAC‐triple therapy).MethodsFifty‐nine patients withH. pyloriinfection were recruited (UMIN000034140) from March to May 2019 and randomly assigned to the VAC‐triple therapy or VA‐dual therapy groups, according to the first‐lineH. pyloritreatment received. Fecal samples were collected before treatment initiation and 1 and 8 weeks after eradication therapy completion. The composition ratios of the bacterial taxa and the alpha and beta diversities were evaluated in both groups via polymerase chain reaction amplification of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequencing using the MiSeq system.ResultsNineteen patients were assigned to the VA‐dual group and 24 to the VAC‐triple group. Compared with baseline, the alpha diversity reduced significantly 1 and 8 weeks after VAC‐triple therapy. However, for VA‐dual therapy, the alpha diversities at 1 and 8 weeks after the treatment did not change significantly compared with those at baseline. Additionally, the beta diversity differed significantly between baseline and 1 and 8 weeks after VAC‐triple therapy. VAC‐triple therapy led to significant alteration in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria at the phylum level andCollinsella,Blautia, andStreptococcusat the genus level.ConclusionsCompared with VAC‐triple therapy, VA‐dual therapy induced minimal changes in the diversity and relative abundance of gut microbiota.
Clinical outcomes of older adults listed for heart transplantation in the United States
Authors: Jaiswal Abhishek , Gadela Naga Vaishnavi , Baran David , Balakumaran Kathir , Scatola Andrew , Radojevic Joseph , Gluck Jason , Arora Sabeena , Hammond Jonathan , Ali Ayyaz , Jennings Douglas L. , Baker William L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine if older age (>70 years) should be a relative contraindication for heart transplantation, we evaluated the characteristics and outcomes of patients with age ≥70 years listed for heart transplantation; and whether post‐transplantation survival was inferior to younger counterparts.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.SettingThe scientific registry of transplant recipients (SRTR).ParticipantsAdults (≥18 years) listed for heart transplantation in the SRTR between 2000 and 2018.InterventionsHeart transplantation.MeasurementsCharacteristics and outcomes were compared for adults ≥70 years and <70 years. We evaluated waitlist mortality and post‐transplant 1‐year and 5‐year survivals.ResultsThe study included 57,285 patients (age range 18–79 years) listed for heart transplantation; 1203 (2.1%) age ≥70 years. Of these, 37,135 patients underwent heart transplantation; 806 (2.2%) were age ≥70 years. Yearly listing of those age ≥70 years has consistently increased from 2.5% (n = 30) in 2000 to 11% (n = 132) in 2017 (p < 0.01). As compared with the age <70 years group, those ≥70 years had a similar risk of death while waiting (sub‐hazard ratio [SHR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [HR] 0.68–1.08; p = 0.19) but were more likely to be transplanted (SHR 1.36, 95% CI 1.26–1.48; p < 0.01). Among the older patients, the overall post‐transplant 1‐ and 5‐year mortality rate was 10.4% and 19.2%, respectively. Older recipients had lower unadjusted survival compared with younger recipients (log‐rank p = 0.03). However, after adjustment for relevant covariates, there was no significant difference in 5‐year mortality between both groups (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.91–1.254; p = 0.43).ConclusionsPost‐transplant survival up to 5 years among patients of age ≥70 years was similar to that of younger recipients. Older patients who received heart transplantation appear to have lower risk features but receive hearts from higher risk donors. Chronologic age alone should not constitute a contraindication for heart transplantation, although careful patient selection criteria should be applied.
Search with Wage Posting under Sticky Prices
Authors: FOERSTER ANDREW T. , MUSTRE‐DEL‐RíO JOSÉ 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the implications of interacting pricing frictions, labor market frictions, and consumption risk by comparing variants of a New Keynesian model. The model variants make alternative assumptions about whether hiring and pricing decisions occur within the same firm or across different firms, and whether workers pool income. Each model implies the same contract is offered to workers, making model comparisons transparent. The economy's response to changes in unemployment benefits or persistently below‐target inflation depends on whether hiring and pricing decisions are integrated. The dynamics following technology or monetary shocks are shaped both by firm‐ and worker‐level assumptions.
Medication calculation skills of graduating nursing students within European context
Authors: Elonen Imane , Salminen Leena , Brasaitė‐Abromė Indrė , Fuster Pilar , Kukkonen Pia , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Noonan Brendan , Stubner Juliane , Svavarsdóttir Margrét H. , Thorsteinsson Hrund , Koskinen Sanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the medication calculation skills of graduating nursing students in six European countries and analyse the associated factors.BackgroundMedication calculation skills are fundamental to medication safety, which is a substantial part of patient safety. Previous studies have raised concerns about the medication calculation skills of nurses and nursing students.DesignAs part of a broader research project, this study applies a multinational cross‐sectional survey design with three populations: graduating nursing students, nurse managers and patients.MethodsThe students performed two calculations (tablet and fluid) testing medication calculation skills requiring different levels of conceptual understanding and arithmetic. The managers and patients answered one question about the students’ medication kills. In total, 1,796 students, 538 managers and 1,327 patients participated the study. The data were analysed statistically. The STROBE guideline for cross‐sectional studies was applied.ResultsAlmost all (99%) of the students performed the tablet calculation correctly, and the majority (71%) answered the fluid calculation correctly. Older age, a previous degree in health care and satisfaction with their current degree programme was positively associated with correct fluid calculations. The patients evaluated the students’ medication skills higher than the nurse managers did and the evaluations were not systematically aligned with the calculation skills tested.ConclusionsNursing students have the skills to perform simple medication calculations, but a significant number of students have difficulties with calculations involving multiple operations and a higher level of conceptual understanding. Due to the variation in students’ medication calculation skills and the unalignment between the managers’ and patients’ evaluations and the calculation tests, further research is needed.Relevance to clinical practiceGraduating nursing students enter clinical field as qualified professionals, but there is still room for improvement in their medication calculation skills. This calls for attention in the fields of clinical nursing, education and research.
The effects of natural resources on human capital accumulation: A literature survey
Authors: Mousavi Amir , Clark Jeremy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe survey the growing literature studying the effects of natural resource abundance or dependence on human capital accumulation, a key factor in development and economic growth. This survey distinguishes between measures of resource abundance versus dependence, and between input, outcome, or participation measures of education and health. We find that a majority of studies find adverse effects of natural resource abundance or dependence on education and health, but that a small to sizeable minority find mixed or beneficial effects. The sheer robustness of negative findings across numerous approaches lends credibility to theories that reliance on resource extraction risks negative effects on the quantity or quality of supply of education and health services, and the demand for advanced education. At the same time, the minority of studies finding positive resource effects suggests there are both methodological and policy lessons that can be learned.
Matched neurofeedback during fMRI differentially activates reward‐related circuits in active and sham groups
Authors: Guler Seyhmus , Cohen Alexander L. , Afacan Onur , Warfield Simon K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and Purpose: Functional MRI neurofeedback (fMRI‐nf) leverages the brain's ability to self‐regulate its own activity. However, self‐regulation processes engaged during fMRI‐nf are incompletely understood. Here, we used matched feedback in an fMRI‐nf experimental protocol to investigate whether brain processes recognize true neurofeedback signals.Methods: We implemented an existing fMRI‐nf protocol to train lateralized motor activity using a finger‐tap task in conjunction with real‐time feedback. Twelve healthy, right‐handed, adult participants were assigned into age‐ and sex‐matched active and sham study groups. Matched participant pairs received the same visual feedback, based on brain activity of the participant from the active group. We compared group‐averaged activation maps before, during, and after neurofeedback, and analyzed changes in lateralized motor activity due to neurofeedback.Results: Active and sham groups demonstrated different brain activation to the same feedback during neurofeedback. In particular, there was higher activation in visual cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, and right inferior frontal gyrus in the active group compared to the sham group. Conversely, sham participants demonstrated higher activation in anterior cingulate cortex, left frontal pole, and posterior superior temporal gyrus. Despite differing brain activations during neurofeedback, neither group demonstrated significant improvement in lateralized motor activity from pre to postfeedback scan in the same session. We also observed no significant difference between pre and postfeedback activation maps, suggesting that no significant finger‐tap related functional reorganization had occurred.Conclusions: These findings suggest that fMRI neurofeedback paradigms that monitor or incorporate activity from regions reported here would provide enhanced efficacy for research investigation and clinical intervention.
Prognostic significance of CD30 expression in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Rodrigues‐Fernandes Carla Isabelly , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Radhakrishnan Raghu , Perez Danyel Elias da Cruz , Amaral‐Silva Gleyson Kleber , Gondak Rogério de Oliveira , Rahimi Siavash , Brennan Peter A. , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Vargas Pablo Agustin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCD30 is variably expressed in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but its prognostic potential for the affected patients remains debatable and unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the frequency of CD30 expression in DLBCL and its potential for prognostic determination.MethodsAn electronic systematic review was performed using multiple databases, followed by a quantitative meta‐analysis to assess the frequency of CD30 expression with positivity cut‐off values of >0% and >20%, and to determine its association with clinicopathological features and patients’ survival.ResultsUsing a cut‐off value >0%, we observed that 3.5%–59.1% of the cases were considered positive for CD30. There was a significant association of the protein expression with a lower number of extra‐nodal sites affected by the neoplasm, with Ann Arbor advanced stage, the absence of B‐symptoms, the lack of MYC and BCL2 translocations, and a lower ECOG performance. Using a cut‐off value >20%, we observed that 2.5%–36.7% of the cases were considered positive for CD30, being significantly associated with a lower number of extra‐nodal sites affected by the neoplasm, Ann Arbor stages III/IV, non‐GCB tumours, the lack of MYC and BCL2 translocations, and a lower ECOG value. CD30 expression was significantly associated with a better survival rate, regardless of what cut‐off parameter was used.ConclusionDespite variations in the cut‐off values used to determine CD30 positivity in DLBCL, the expression of this protein seems to be associated with a higher survival rate and better prognosis.