bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobility Performance in Old Age: A Window Into Brain Integrity
Authors: Tian Qu , Rosso Andrea , Rosano Caterina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Over two decades of research has established brain aging as a critical component of mobility decline. Studies consistently report that motor slowing predicts cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases, but reported associations are often modest. Both mobility and brain aging are complex processes and steady-state assessments are typically used (usual pace gait and structural MRI). We aim to elucidate the complex relations between brain aging and mobility by considering (a) strategies to maintain function such as interlacing periods of activity and rest (fractionation), (b) interventions that target brain and body (motor skill training), (c) multimodal neuroimaging (functional connectivity and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD)), (d) challenged walking (dual-tasks, uneven surfaces), and (e) reduced resources (hearing loss). This symposium focuses on community-dwelling older adults from observational and intervention studies using state-of-the-art and real-life assessments of gait (quality and fragmentation by tri-axial accelerometry) and brain (near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), resting-state functional MRI). First, we examine activity strategies that modify the relation between slow gait and AD risk (Tian). Second, using fNIRS, we investigate the extent to which motor skill training increases automaticity of gait (Chen). Third, we examine how functional connectivity may compensate for the detrimental effects of cSVD on mild parkinsonian signs (Hengenius). Fourth, we investigate the effects of challenged walking on gait quality and the relation with cognitive function (Suri). Finally, we demonstrate relations of hearing and cognition with mobility (Pupo). We seek to generate discussions on shared pathways underlying motor slowing and the aging brain and future prevention and intervention strategies.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Incident Fracture in Older Women: The OPACH Study
Authors: Nguyen Steve , Bellettiere John , LaMonte Michael , Crandall Carolyn , LaCroix Andrea 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Women aged 65 and older experience nearly three-fourths of the 2 million osteoporotic fractures annually in the US, yet whether accelerometer-measured volumes and intensities of physical activity and sedentary behavior (SB) are associated with reduced fracture risk is understudied. We investigated associations of accelerometer-measured light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time (ST), and mean sedentary bout duration (MBD) with incident clinical fractures (hip, vertebral, pelvis, lower leg, upper arm, forearm, and wrist) in the WHI OPACH cohort. Participants (N=6248; mean±SD age=78.6±6.7; 34% Black, 17% Hispanic) without prior hip fracture wore the ActiGraph GT3X+ for 7 days between May 2012-April 2014 and were followed through March 2020 for incident clinical fracture (N=711). Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for age, race-ethnicity, education, alcohol, smoking, height, weight, falls history, RAND-36 physical function, diabetes, thiazide use, prescription osteoporotic therapy, and age at menopause. The HR(95% CI) across MVPA quartiles was 1.00(reference), 1.15(0.93-1.41), 0.90(0.72-1.13), and 0.79(0.61-1.02); p-trend=0.01. The HR(95% CI) for a one-interquartile range increment in MVPA (42 minutes/day) was 0.86(0.76-0.97). Associations were modified by prescription osteoporotic therapy [no: HR=0.77(0.66-0.89), yes: HR=1.03(0.85-1.25); p-interaction=0.01] and varied in magnitude by age[&lt;80: HR=0.78(0.64-0.96), ≥80: HR=0.92(0.79-1.07); p-interaction=0.09], BMI [&lt;30 kg/m2: HR=0.85(0.75-0.97), ≥30 kg/m2: HR=0.90(0.67-1.19); p-interaction=0.08], and race-ethnicity [Black: HR =0.63(0.44-0.89), Hispanic: HR =0.78(0.56-1.09), White: HR =0.92(0.80-1.06); p-interaction=0.16]. LPA, ST, or MBD were not associated with incident fractures. These data suggest that MVPA may reduce and not increase fracture risk and that LPA and SB do not increase fracture risk.
Qualitative Analysis of Coaching With Care Partners of People With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Shieu Bianca , Teng Chiao-Hsin , Chan Ya-Ning , Choi Youngmin , Dictus Cass , Perez Janelle , Wang Jing , Bartoldus Victoria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We apply the adaptive leadership framework for chronic Illness in a care partner–assisted intervention to improve oral hygiene of older adults with cognitive impairment. Care partners receive four coaching sessions which we recorded and transcribed verbatim. We will describe how our team of seven investigators codes the data using a priori codes from the framework. The data from 17 care-partners contributes 68 individual sessions for coding. We have two subgroups of 7 individuals with mild dementia (MD) and 10 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We will discuss the plan for multiple comparisons such as (a) longitudinal across 3 months of intervention, b) within MD and within MCI and c) between MD and MCI. To illustrate, we will discuss our approaches to reaching coding consensus and rigor and will present results of the within group analyses. Finally, we will discuss next steps and the end products we aim to achieve.
Overweight, Obesity, and Neuropsychological Performance: Results From the Women’s Interagency HIV Study
Authors: Vasquez Elizabeth , Kuniholm Mark , Rubin Leah , Sharma Anjali , Weber Kathleen , Fischl Margaret A , Plankey Michael , Gustafson Deborah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Conflicting associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with neuropsychological performance (NP) are observed in the general population and among people living with HIV. We examined BMI and WC in middle-aged women living with HIV (WLWH) and without HIV (HIV-) in relation to 10-year trajectories of NP in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). NP assessments occurred biennially from 2009-2019. Demographically-adjusted T-scores were calculated for six NP domains: learning, memory, executive function, processing speed, attention and working memory, and motor function. Multivariable linear models stratified by HIV serostatus examined whether baseline (2009) BMI and WC were associated with NP domains - 1) cross-sectionally and 2) longitudinally over 10 years. The sample included 432 WLWH and 367 HIV- women, &gt;40 years old. Most women (73%) were overweight (BMI=25-29.9kg/m2) or obese (BMI=&gt;30kg/m2). Among WLWH, 28% were overweight, 45% obese; among HIV- women, 26% were overweight; 56% obese. Cross-sectionally at baseline, WLWH who were overweight versus normal weight (BMI=18.5-24.9kg/m2), performed worse on executive function, processing speed, and motor function (all p&lt;0.05). HIV- women who were overweight versus normal weight performed worse on memory, learning, executive function, processing speed and motor function (all p&lt;0.05). Baseline BMI and WC were not associated with worsening NP domains in this younger, primarily overweight and obese sample of WLWH or HIV- women (all p&gt;0.05).Future follow-up of these women will enhance understanding of the age when total and/or central obesity may influence NP trajectories and health of the aging brain.
Daily Cortisol Total Output Mediated Sleep and Affect Among Dementia Family Caregivers
Authors: Liu Yin , Fleming Daniel , Fauth Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cortisol is a primary stress hormone associated with sleep. We examined daily cortisol as the potential mechanism linking prior night’s sleep and daily mood among 173 dementia family caregivers (M (SD) age = 61.97 (10.66)) who used adult day services (ADS) at least two days a week. Caregivers self-reported sleep characteristics (bed and wake time, sleep quality, care receiver’s night-time problems) and affect (anxiety, depressive symptoms) across eight consecutive ADS/non-ADS days. Salivary cortisol was collected five times each day. Multilevel mediation analysis suggested that daily cortisol total output (assessed as “area under the curve”) mediated prior nights’ total time in bed and daily anxiety, but only on high-stress (non-ADS) days. Mediation was non-significant on low-stress (ADS) days, and at the between-person level. ADS use is respite from a chronically stressful role. Reducing exposure to stress via respite may protect against harmful processes related to sleep, cortisol reactivity, and daily anxiety.
Intergenerational Contact Experiences and Their Relation to Ageism as a Multidimensional Construct
Authors: Kuball Tim , Jahn Georg , Pollmanns Claas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Research on intergroup contact suggests that negative contact experiences affect cognitive representations such as stereotypes more strongly than positive contact experiences. To comprehensively examine the full effect of intergroup contact, the valence of the contact experience as well as the affective and cognitive dimensions of prejudice should be assessed. In ageism research, previous studies typically focused only on contact of positive valence and were limited to the perspectives of younger individuals on older adults. Primary objective of this study is to examine both positive and negative contact frequency and their relation to affective and cognitive dimensions of ageism from the perspectives of younger adults between the age of 18 and 25 (study 1) and older adults between the age of 60 and 92 (study 2). Consistent with previous research on intergroup contact, our results confirm that both types of contact were similarly predictive of affective facets of prejudice. However, only in study 2 that assessed older adults’ agreement with contemporary stereotypes about young men and women, negative compared to positive contact frequency proved to be a stronger predictor of the cognitive dimension of ageism. Our findings emphasize the importance of focusing on all dimensions of prejudice and highlight the need to consider the perspectives of young and old in ageism research.
Clinical Recommendations for Reducing the Risk of Cognitive Decline
Authors: Perez G Adriana , O'Brien Kelly , Sabbagh Marwan , Bruno Michelle 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As much as 40% of dementia cases can be attributed to modifiable risk factors (Livingston et al., 2020). Much of that risk-reduction can be accomplished by changing behavior in midlife. In light of the emerging evidence that dementia may be preventable, UsAgainstAlzheimer’s convened a workgroup of national experts to develop new recommendations that primary care clinicians and general neurologists can use to initiate primary prevention conversations with their patients about cognitive decline. Few resources address steps that clinicians can take in their routine care to help patients reduce risk. Some relevant resources provide excellent guidance but tend to be more focused on early detection or slowing disease progression rather than primary prevention. The Risk Reduction Workgroup (RRWG) was convened to help address the need for clinicians to know how to discuss cognitive decline with their patients. The workgroup aligned on 11 recommendations for primary care clinicians and general neurologists. In addition the RRWG provide considerations for implementing the recommendations in clinical practice. The recommendations are mindful of social determinants of health, account for cultural differences, and are designed for general accessibility. This effort is part of a broader initiative by UsAgainstAlzheimer’s to address risk-reduction for cognitive decline and early interventions. Under the guidance of a multidisciplinary Provider Leadership Group consisting of representatives from some of the nation's largest health provider serving organizations, three independent workgroups are developing guidance and tools to assist providers in their clinical practice and improve health outcomes for patients at-risk for Alzheimer's and related dementias.
Resolving Dilemmas in ICT-Enhanced Interventions: A Cross-Platform-Mediated Strategy
Authors: Leung Dara K Y , Wong Frankie H C , Wong Gloria H Y , Lum Terry Y S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Face-to-face interventions in social care settings are severely disrupted under COVID-19. Previous studies support Information and communication technology (ICT) enhanced intervention as an effective alternative. While difficulties older adults experienced in using ICT were examined extensively, there are fewer discussions on how innate medium characteristics of the delivery mode influence therapeutic interactions. This study explored these embedded challenges in ICT-enhanced psychosocial interventions and possible solutions. We conducted on-site observations and focus groups with 12 participants from two teleconferencing-aided intervention groups for chronic pain with exercise and psychotherapy elements. Observation notes and transcriptions of focus groups recordings were analyzed using thematic analysis. We identified three overarching themes: empowerment, dilemmas, and cross-platform mediated strategy. ICT empowered participants by promoting autonomy and self-management, yet two dilemmas that stemmed from technological affordances undermined the quality of communication. A screen-camera dilemma occurred when participants tried to observe instructions from interventionists while demonstrating their posture in front of the camera for guidance. The blurring boundary between therapy and home settings presented another dilemma. Although teleconferencing increased flexibility and comfort in participation, interruptions from the background environment and intersections of family living spaces disrupted audio-visual communication and jeopardized the sense of security. As a solution, interventionists adopted a cross-platform mediated strategy to bypass the dilemmas. They communicated and delivered supplementary materials through different media, including printed materials and video streamings. Interventionists could consider the unique structural features in different media and the potential impact of participants’ sociodemographic factors, especially those associated with digital literacy.
Effects of Aging Attitudes on Development in Old Age
Authors: de Couto Maria Clara P Paula , Rothermund Klaus 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This session will focus on aging attitudes and their effects on different aspects of development in old age (e.g., preparation, age stereotypes, age discrimination, and well-being). Cultural differences and how they shape individual aging are also explored. The first two presentations focus on cross-cultural differences in preparation for old-age. Nikitin et al. examine financial preparation and how expectations about support from the state influence it. People’s beliefs about the utility and the risk of aging preparation and their role in preparatory activities is investigated by Kim-Knauss et al. Tsang et al. explore age differences in pursuing autonomy and independence during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of perceived social obligation. Cultural differences in the accuracy between perceived retrospective changes in well-being and actual changes is explored by Park et al. The last presentation (de Paula Couto et al.) focuses on country- and age-related differences in personal experiences of age discrimination in different life domains. Taken together, findings suggest that attitudes toward, and preparation for aging, are not static. Situational contexts and personal assessments of the contexts can shape such attitudes and behavior.
Personal Experiences of Age Discrimination in Different Life Domains: Determinants and Consequences
Authors: de Couto Maria Clara P Paula , Nikitin Jana , Graf Sylvie , Rothermund Klaus 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Age discrimination is pervasive in society which bears far-reaching consequences for individuals in terms of decreased psychological and physical health. Age discrimination can be experienced in different life-domains and perceived as a social (others’ experiences) or as a personal phenomenon (own experiences). Our first goal was to examine country- and age-related differences in personal experiences of age discrimination in distinct life domains, reported by 2,817 participants aged 40 to 90 years from the US, China, Germany, the Czech Republic, and Taiwan. As another goal, we investigated the impact of age discrimination on life satisfaction. Personal age discrimination was domain-specific, with more experiences reported in the family, work, and personality domains. Personal age discrimination increased with age and was higher in China and Taiwan. Age discrimination negatively predicted life satisfaction. This negative effect was more pronounced if age discrimination was experienced in domains with high subjective importance.
AUGMENT: Navigation Apps Instruction for Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Charness Neil , Boot Walter , Czaja Sara , Rogers Wendy , Gray Nicholas , Kossowska-Kuhn Dorota , Pervratil Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Augmenting User Geocordinates and Mobility by ENhanced Tutorials (AUGMENT) is a development project in the ENHANCE Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center aiming to promote community engagement for aging adults with cognitive impairment (CI) from stroke, traumatic brain injury, and mild cognitive impairment. AUGMENT aims include 1) providing proof of concept that a robust instructional package can support successful use of existing, complex navigation apps, Google maps and rideshare app Uber, by a diverse set of people with CI; and 2) providing proof of product by testing performance with and without instruction. We discuss the needs assessment phase and development of new tests to assess wayfinding abilities and reported difficulties with navigation, using a control sample of 384 community-dwelling older adults. We found that self-reported navigation difficulties are predicted (R-square = .28) by gender, a spatial orientation test, self-reported memory ability, and severity of memory difficulty.
Development of the DREAM System: Digital Reminders for Everyday Activity Memory
Authors: Boot Walter , Charness Neil , Czaja Sara , Rogers Wendy , Sanders Edie , Stuart Robin , Andringa Ronald 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Prospective memory, the ability to remember to execute an intention in the future, is crucial for the performance of many everyday tasks important for independent living. Prospective memory abilities decline with age, and older adults living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), cognitive impairment due to traumatic brain injury (TBI), and cognitive impairment due to stroke are especially susceptible to prospective memory failures. The goal of the Digital Reminders for Everyday Activity Memory (DREAM) project is first to establish proof of concept for an adaptive cognitive aid to support the prospective memory of older adults with various cognitive impairments, and then establish proof of product in studies examining the use of a working prototype within the lab and within participants’ homes. Data will be presented from initial work verifying product requirements through engagement with stakeholders, including subject matter experts, older adults with cognitive impairments, and their care partners.
Older Americans With Disability Are Vulnerable to Economic and Food Insecurity During COVID-19
Authors: Choi Shinae , Namkung Eun Ha , Carr Deborah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study investigated whether older Americans with physical disability were vulnerable to three types of economic insecurity (difficulty paying regular bills, difficulty paying medical bills, income loss) and two types of food insecurity (economic obstacles, logistical obstacles) during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the extent to which associations are moderated by three personal characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity) and two pandemic-specific risk factors (job loss, COVID-19 diagnosis). Data were from a random 25 percent subsample of the Health and Retirement Study participants who completed a COVID-19 module administered in 2020. Our analytic sample included 3,166 adults aged 51 and older. We estimated logistic regression models to document the odds of experiencing each hardship. Persons with three or more functional limitations reported significantly higher odds of both types of food insecurity, and difficulty paying regular and medical bills, relative to those with no limitations. After controlling for health conditions, effects were no longer significant for paying medical bills, and attenuated yet remained statistically significant for other outcomes. Patterns did not differ significantly on the basis of the moderator variables. Older adults with more functional limitations are vulnerable to economic and food insecurity during the pandemic, potentially exacerbating the physical and emotional health threats imposed by the pandemic. Our findings reveal an urgent need to promote policies and procedures to protect older adults with disability from economic and food insecurity. Supports for older adults with disability should focus on logistical as well as financial support for ensuring food security.
Toward a Multidimensional Understanding of Later Life Disability: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Peterson Natasha , Lee Jeongeun , Kahana Eva 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Disability is difficult to define succinctly. Current literature on disability has primarily focused on physical functional limitations. However, relying on a single dimension or index cannot accurately represent disability as the experience of disability is nuanced and complex. To address these gaps, this study aims to understand the multidimensional nature of disability among retired, community-dwelling older adults. Using a sample of 414 older adults between the ages of 72 and 106 years (M=84.84, SD=4.56), latent profile analysis was employed to identify classes based on five indicators of disability across three domains. The five indicators of disability included difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs), cognitive impairment, physical impairment, sensory impairment, and participation restrictions. Three classes were found to represent the data best. The most favorable and highly functioning group comprised the highest number of participants (n=242, 59.5%). The next group, class 2 (n=157, 37.9%), was characterized by high physical impairment and ADL-difficulty. The smallest group, class 3 (n=15, 3.6%), had the highest ADL-difficulty and participation restrictions but drastically lower cognitive and sensory impairment. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that class membership was related to sociodemographic characteristics. Finally, class membership predicted several mental health outcomes such as depressive symptoms, positive affect, and life satisfaction in the expected direction. If supported by future work, these findings could inform practitioners in developing more specific interventions relevant to older adults based on their disability profiles. Understanding various combinations of disablement has potential implications for services and interventions to be tailored to individuals’ distinct disability-related needs.