bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sudarshankriya yoga on cardiac autonomic and pulmonary functions (881.9)
Authors: Dhawan Ashwani , Peter Rosemarry , Goel Rakesh 
Published: June 2021

Yogic breathing techniques are often recommended for relaxation and stress management, This has been claimed to have effect over autonomic nervous system imbalances and psychological or stress‐related disorders. Sudarshan kriya yoga (SKY) is a type of cyclical controlled breathing practice which has roots in traditional yoga and it is taught by the nonprofit organization Art of Living Foundation India. Sudarshan Kriya. which is an advanced form of rhythmic, cyclical breathing with slow, medium, and fast cycles. The objective of this study is to observe the effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on cardiac autonomic and respiratory functions. SKY program was introduced to the participants through a course of 6 days. It was an interactive session in which SKY, a rhythmic cyclical breathing was taught to 50 subjects of age 20‐50 years of both sexes by a certified teacher from Art of Living foundation. Cardiac autonomic and pulmonary function tests were done before the beginning and after one month of intervention of SKY. In this protocol all participants practiced SKY for 45 minutes each session minimum 4 days in a week for one month. Improvement in all parameters were observed after practicing Sudarshan Kriya Yoga for one month. Heart rate and Blood pressure decreased p>.05. An increase in HF and decrease in LF/HF ratio were observed. FVC, FEV1, PEFR and FEV1/FVC were improved p>.05. Though the improvement is statistically not significant with one month time period, long term intervention seems to be promising.Grant Funding Source: Maharaja Agarsen Medical College Agroha Hisar India
Deployment length and its correlation with spirometric variables in deployed veterans (882.1)
Authors: Chen Yang , Klein Jacquelyn , Ndirangu Duncan , Smith Webb , Falvo Michael 
Published: June 2021

Military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan are likely to have been exposed to high levels of air pollution during their deployment and frequently report respiratory symptoms post‐deployment. The goal of this study was to determine whether deployment length is associated with lung function. We recruited 36 veterans (40±9.9 yrs) deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan to participate in this study. Veterans completed deployment history questionnaires and performed forced expiratory maneuvers in accordance with ATS/ERS task force guidelines. Spirograms were analyzed for the following variables: forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), the ratio of FEV1/FVC, the ratio of FEV3/FVC and midexpiratory flow (FEF25‐75). Percent predicted (%pred) values were then calculated based on NHANES III reference equations. We found deployment length was significantly correlated to FEV1%pred (r=‐0.39, p=0.018), FEV1/FVC%pred (r=‐0.38, p=0.021), FEV3/FVC%pred (r=‐0.439, p=0.009), FEF25‐75%pred (r=‐0.377, p=0.023), but not FVC (r=‐0.03, p=0.863). In this preliminary evaluation, we observed an inverse relationship between deployment length and several spirometric variables. Future studies in larger cohorts are necessary to confirm these findings and better understand the relationship between deployment‐related exposures and lung function. Work supported by VA Grants.Grant Funding Source: VA Grants 1I21RX001079‐01 and 1I21CX000797‐01
Lunar and Mars simulated extravehicular activity evoked physiological responses (882.7)
Authors: Broxterman Ryan , Ade Carl , Wilcox Samuel , Craig Jesse , Barstow Thomas 
Published: June 2021

It is currently unclear what physiological measurements from astronauts performing EVAs best indicate impending task failure. To date 7 subjects have completed a treadmill test for determination of maximal O2 uptake (V̇O2max) and two simulated EVAs at governed paces to evoke Lunar (V̇O2 ~20 ml/kg/min) and Mars (V̇O2 ~30 ml/kg/min) intensities, which have previously been reported for these environments. Subjects were separated into two groups based upon completion (COM) or failure (FAIL) of the Mars EVA. There were no significant (p > 0.05) differences between V̇O2 (Lunar COM 19.6 ± 1.3 ml/kg/min vs. FAIL 20.2 ± 0.9 ml/kg/min; Mars COM 29.9 ± 2.4 ml/kg/min vs. FAIL 30.0 ± 1.8 ml/kg/min), while FAIL %V̇O2max was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (Lunar COM 42.1 ± 3.9 % vs. FAIL 55.9 ± 1.3%; Mars COM 64.5 ± 8.5% vs. FAIL 83.1 ± 7.1%). FAIL V̇O2 rose throughout the Mars EVA until failure, while steady‐states were achieved in both groups for all other EVAs. Vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation and electromyographic data were not significantly (p > 0.05) different. These results indicate that global systemic measurements of EVA intensity are more informative of impending EVA failure than peripheral. The V̇O2 responses are characteristic of activities performed above & below critical power/speed. Thus critical speed may be vital to know for an astronaut prior to and during a mission, as EVA intensities above these will lead to task failure.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NASA Grant NNX10AK60G
Physical exercise benefits on insulin sensitivity, vascular function and non‐alcoholic fat liver disease in cafeteria diet‐fed rats (884.11)
Authors: de Moraes Camila , Oharomari Leandro , Joaquim Anderson , Garcia Nádia , Ovidio Paula , Jordão Junior Alceu 
Published: June 2021

Excessive consumption of high fat and refined sugar diet leads to metabolic disorders as obesity and its comorbidities. The effects of physical exercise on metabolic, hepatic and vascular function were evaluated in cafeteria diet‐fed rats. Male Wistar rats (255‐265g) were divided: lean control (CTR); obese sedentary (OBSD); and obese trained (OBTR). Exercise training (treadmill at 60% maximal velocity, 60min, 5 days/week) started after 4 weeks of cafeteria diet consumption and was carried out for further 7 weeks. OBSD rats had increased insulin, glucose, leptin, hepatic triglycerides, malondialdehyde, and reduced endothelium‐dependent relaxation compared with CTR rats. OBTR rats had lower insulin (about 63%), glucose (29%) and leptin (81%) concentration compared with OBSD. Improvement in vascular relaxation (about 34%) and lower formation of oxygen species in aorta from trained rats were also seen. Beside this, lower hepatic triglycerides (80%) and malondialdehyde formation (46%) were seen in OBTR. These benefits were related to reduction in epididymal fat pad mass (R2=97%, P=0,002). This physical exercise protocol was effective to prevent metabolic and vascular disorders induced by cafeteria diet consumption.Grant Funding Source: Supported by São Paulo Research Foundation
Moderate aerobic exercise training recovers disorders in white skeletal muscle induced by chronic kidney disease in rats (884.16)
Authors: de Moraes Wilson , Souza Pamella , Paixao Nathalie , Bozi Luiz , Guimaraes Fabiana , Irigoyen Maria , Brum Patricia , Medeiros Alessandra 
Published: June 2021

Chronic kidney disease induces weakness and muscle skeletal dysfunction preferentially in white muscle fibers. Moderate aerobic exercise training (AET) is known for recovers these alterations. However, the mechanisms are no completely elucidated. Adult Wistar rats were evaluated in 4 groups: Sham, Sham trained (Sham+AET), and 5/6 nephrectomy trained (CRF+AET) or not (CRF). Exercised rats were submitted to treadmill exercise for 60 min, 5 times/wk for 60 days. We evaluated motor performance (tolerance to exercise in treadmill and rotarod), cross sectional area (CSA) and parameters related‐protein control quality (accumulated ubiquitinited and misfolded proteins), chymotripsin‐like proteasome activity (UPS activity), genes markers of unfolded protein response (ATF4, GRP78, XBP‐1), GRP78 protein expression and redox balance (carbonilated proteins and lipid hidroperoxides) in tibialis anterior muscle. Despite the CSA were not different between groups, the CRF presented a reduction in motor performance and tendency to muscle atrophy, which was followed by increased in UPS activity, accumulated ubiquitinited and misfolded proteins and increased in ATF4 and GRP78, but no in XBP‐1 gene expression, as well as increased in GRP78 protein levels compared to Sham. In CRF+AET we observed restoration in exercise tolerance, accumulated ubiquitinited and misfolded proteins, UPS activity and increased in ATF4 and GRP78 genes and GRP78 protein levels accompanied by an increase in lipid hidroperoxidation and reduction in carbonilated proteins. These results suggest that an unfolded protein response is activated in white muscle fibers of chronic kidney disease in rats independently of atrophy and that AET promoted this response, probably for induced adaptation protecting against uremia chronic induced‐cellular stress.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The effect of cachectic myofiber metabolic properties on the resistance exercise‐induced hypertrophy response (884.21)
Authors: Mangum Joshua , Hardee Justin , Puppa Melissa , Carson James 
Published: June 2021

Cancer cachexia disrupts skeletal muscle metabolism in conjunction with the loss of mass. There are no approved treatments for cachexia however our lab has shown treadmill exercise can suppress wasting. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between myofiber metabolic properties and eccentric exercise induced myofiber hypertrophy in mice with cancer cachexia. 16‐week male C57BL/6 (WT) and ApcMin/+ (Min) mice performed resistance exercise (RE) by stimulating the sciatic nerve for 7 sessions over 2 weeks. The tibialis anterior (TA) was contracted (EX) in one leg and the contralateral served as a control (CN). Histological analysis was used to examine myofiber SDH activity and PAS staining. Cachexia reduced TA mass and myofiber cross sectional area (CSA), RE was able to increase TA mass and myofiber CSA (EX > CN). RE induced a 26% increase in the frequency of high SDH activity fibers (OX), which were reduced with cachexia. While cachexia reduced the CSA of both OX and low SDH activity (GL) fibers, RE selectively induced hypertrophy of GL fibers. In addition, cachexia induced a 38% increase in the frequency of high glycogen content (HG) fibers. Although RE did not alter HG fiber frequency, RE induced hypertrophy of HG fibers. In summary, cachexia‐induced myofiber atrophy is independent of myofiber SDH activity. However, RE during cancer cachexia can increase OX fiber frequency and reverse GL fiber wasting.Grant Funding Source: Supported By R01CA121249
Aerobic fitness and limiting factors of maximal performance in chronic low back pain patients (884.26)
Authors: Duque Ivan Leonardo , Urrutia Isabella , Duvallet Alain 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the level of cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with chronic low back pain and to establish factors limiting the maximal effort during the ergometry Methods: Patients performed a maximal exercise test to measure V ̇O2max. Clinical endpoints of the tests were determined and grouped as maximal effort and symptom‐limited effort.Results: 101 patients aged 29.8 achieved a V ̇O2max value of 30 ml.kg‐1.min‐1. When compared to normative categories, men and women were situated in the fair category. Quadriceps/leg fatigue was the most frequent limiting factor. Symptom limited effort endpoints were reported by 54.4% of the subjects. An association between the clinical endpoint and the accomplished V ̇O2 value was established. Maximal effort is associated with a V ̇O2max value while symptom‐limited effort is associated with a V ̇O2peak value.Conclusions: Clinical limiting factors of maximal exertion interfere the achievement of maximal oxygen uptake in patients with chronic low back pain. Further, there exists an association among the clinical endpoints of the tests and the V ̇O2 value achieved. Chronic low back pain patients have a lower level of aerobic fitness than healthy controls.
Maternal exercise during pregnancy reduces risk of mammary tumorigenesis in rat offspring (886.1)
Authors: Zheng Wei , Camarillo Ignacio , Clah Leon , Zhou Xuanzhu , Larrick Brienna , Blaize Nicole , Breslin Emily , Donkin Shawn , Gavin Timothy , Newcomer Sean , Teegarden Dorothy 
Published: June 2021

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Emerging research indicates that modifying lifestyle factors during pregnancy may convey long‐term health benefits to offspring. This study was designed to determine whether maternal exercise during pregnancy leads to reduced mammary tumorigenesis in female offspring. Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to exercised and sedentary groups, with the exercised group having free access to a running wheel and the sedentary group housed with a locked wheel during pregnancy. Female pups from exercised or sedentary dams were weaned at 21 days of age and fed a high fat diet without access to a running wheel. At 6 weeks, all pups were injected with the carcinogen N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU). Mammary tumor development in all pups was monitored for 15 weeks. Pups from exercised dams had a substantially lower tumor incidence (42.9%) compared to pups from sedentary dams (100%). Of the pups with tumors, the pups from exercised dams had a higher tumor frequency (1.7±0.4 tumors/rat) than pups from sedentary dams (1.2±0.2 tumors/rat). Neither tumor latency nor histological grade differed between the two groups. These data are the first to demonstrate that exercise during pregnancy potentiates reduced tumorigenesis in offspring. This study provides an important foundation towards developing more effective modes of behavior modification for cancer prevention.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH R25CA128770 and ICTSI NIH/NCRR TR000006
Do the exercise habits of pregnant women conform to evidence‐based recommendations? (886.7)
Authors: McKenzie Amy , Ellis Lindsay , Fuller Kelly , Guelinckx Isabelle , Perrier Erica , Armstrong Lawrence 
Published: June 2021

Professional organizations recognize the health benefits of exercise during pregnancy and recommend pregnant women exercise 3‐7 days·wk‐1 for at least 30 min·day‐1 in the absence of contraindications. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective analysis was to determine actual exercise habits of women during and following gestation. METHODS: 20 healthy pregnant women (mean±SD; 31±3 y; 165.5±6.5 cm; 68.25±18.63 kg pre‐pregnancy; 12.85±4.48 kg pregnancy weight gain) recorded exercise habits (mode, days·wk‐1, min·day‐1) before each of 6 visits (weeks 10, 13, 26, 37 gestation; 2, 8 postpartum). These data were compared to ACOG and ACSM guidelines. RESULTS: During pregnancy, 8/20 subjects intentionally exercised: 2/8 maintained exercise volume and met the 30 min·day‐1 recommendation, 6/8 voluntarily reduced exercise volume as pregnancy progressed. By 8 weeks postpartum, 10/18 women intentionally exercised, yet only 2/10 met the daily recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that a majority of subjects did not exercise during pregnancy (60%) or exercised at a volume below (30%) evidence‐based recommendations, consistent with previous research. As this pattern continues to be observed in pregnancy, future research should identify barriers to physical activity (e.g., exercise history, weight carriage, unsubstantiated concerns for baby’s health) and methods to enhance exercise adherence.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Danone Research
Hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis in the conditional HIF‐1α deficient and HIF‐2α deficient mice (887.3)
Authors: Xu Kui , Sun Xioayan , Tsipis Constantinos , LaManna Joseph 
Published: June 2021

Hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) are transcriptional regulators that mediate hypoxic adaptation. We investigated the neuronal or glial cell‐specific role of HIF‐1α or HIF‐2α in the angiogenic adaptive response to chronic hypoxia by using the specific conditional knockout (KO) mice for HIF‐1α or HIF‐2α. The wild‐type (WT), conditional HIF‐1 KO (neuronal and glial) and conditional HIF‐2 KO mice (neuronal and glial) mice were exposed to the equivalent of 8% oxygen for 3 weeks in a hypobaric chamber at a pressure of 300 torr (0.4 ATM). Littermates of each type were kept normoxic in the same location. At the end of 3 weeks mice were perfusion‐fixed. Cerebral capillary density was identified from brain sections by GLUT‐1 immunohistochemistry staining and was quantified from the positive counts per unit area (number/mm2) in cortex. The normoxic baseline of capillary density was similar in the WT, neuronal HIF‐1 KO and the glial HIF‐2 KO mice (428 ± 66, 452 ± 54 and 440 ± 45, respectively, mean ±SD); the glial HIF‐1 KO and the neuronal HIF‐2 KO groups had higher normoxic baselines (483 ± 25 and 498 ± 55, respectively) than the WT mice. As expected, the capillary density was significantly increased by about 23% in the WT mice after 3 weeks of hypoxia, compared to that of their normoxic littermates. The capillary density was trended higher (about 10 to 15%) following hypoxia in the neuronal HIF‐1 KO, glial HIF‐1 KO and glial HIF‐2 KO groups; however, the capillary density remained unchanged in the neuronal HIF‐2 KO group. In addition, the hematocrit was similar in all groups before and after hypoxia. Or data suggest that HIF‐1 and HIF‐2 may regulate hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis differentially and cell‐specifically, and the neuronal HIF‐2 is required for hypoxic angiogenesis.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH grant NS 38362
T‐type calcium channels in carotid body oxygen sensing (889.1)
Authors: Makarenko Vladislav , Peng Ying‐Jie , Piao Lin , Nanduri Jayasri , Prabhakar Nanduri 
Published: June 2021

Previous studies showed that low voltage gated T‐type Ca2+ channels play an important role in hypoxia‐evoked catecholamine secretion from adrenal chromaffin cells. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether T‐type Ca2+ channels contribute to hypoxic sensing by the carotid body, a key sensory organ for detecting arterial blood O2 levels. Real time quantitative PCR analysis of rat carotid body revealed relatively high levels of α1H as compared to α1G and α1I subunits of T‐type Ca2+ channels. Immunocytochemical analysis showed much of the α1H protein in glomus cells. Mibefradil (1µM), a T‐type Ca2+channel blocker significantly attenuated the carotid body sensory and glomus cell secretory and [Ca2+]i responses to hypoxia. Similar attenuation of glomus cell secretory as well as [Ca2+]i responses were also seen in α1H knockout mice. These results demonstrate that T‐type Ca2+ channels contribute to carotid body and glomus cells response to hypoxia.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH‐HL‐90554
Telemetry‐based recording of renal cortical oxygenation in response to angiotensin II and phenylephrine in the conscious rat (890.3)
Authors: Koeners Maarten , Emans Tonja , Ow Connie , Evans Roger , Joles Jaap , Malpas Simon 
Published: June 2021

Previously we have developed unique technology which allows wireless measurement of the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the renal medulla in unrestrained rats. The aim of our current study was to determine whether this modality can reliably measure tissue PO2 in the cortex and its responses to angiotensin‐II (AngII) and phenylephrine (PE). Cortical PO2 values were stable over time (3 weeks) and comparable between animals (Wistar, n = 8). Responses to systemic hypoxia and hyperoxia were reproducible over this time period, and were similar to those previously observed in the renal medulla. Injection of AngII in conscious rats via an implanted catheter in the femoral vein decreased cortical PO2 dose‐dependently. At a dose of 500 ng/kg a maximum decrease of 45 ± 10% was observed. In contrast equi‐pressor doses of PE had no or little effect on cortical PO2. A maximum decrease in PO2 of 8 ± 5% was observed at 1500 ng/kg. There was little evidence of fibrosis or scarring after three weeks of electrode implantation. This technology provides the opportunity to examine the temporal relationships between renal cortical tissue hypoxia and the progression of renal disease.Grant Funding Source: EU, FP7, Marie Curie Actions, International Outgoing Fellowship
Decreased kidney oxygenation due to mitochondrial uncoupling: a mechanism to injury after renal transplantation (890.7)
Authors: Friederich‐Persson Malou , Papazova Diana , Joles Jaap , Verhaar Marianne 
Published: June 2021

*Equal contribution The mechanisms to reduced graft function after renal transplantation are poorly understood. Mitochondrial uncoupling via uncoupling proteins (UCP) increases oxygen consumption and can contribute to the decreased kidney oxygen tension that is regarded as part of a common pathway to nephropathy. The aim was to investigate mitochondrial uncoupling, graft oxygenation and function after renal transplantation.Male Lewis rats were left untreated as controls (CON, N=6) or underwent syngenic renal transplantation (Tx, N=6). Tx was performed with end‐to‐end anastomoses of vessels and urether, with 30 min and 30‐40 min cold and warm ischemia time respectively and removal of right kidney. Two weeks after Tx, we measured renal function as glomerular filtration rate (GFR: inulin clearance), renal blood flow (RBF: PAH clearance/1‐hct) and kidney oxygen tension (pO2). Mitochondria uncoupling was evaluated in a separate cohort (6/group).Tx resulted in mitochondrial uncoupling evident as a larger decrease in oxygen consumption after UCP blockade (‐15.8±2.1 vs. ‐1.9±0.8 pmol O2/s p<0.05). Furthermore, Tx resulted in increased GFR (2.4±0.2 vs. 1.8±0.4 ml/min/kidney, P<0.05), RBF (14.4±1.4 vs. 11.4 ± 1.7 ml/min/kidney p<0.01), proteinuria (9±1 vs. 4±0 mg/day p<0.05) and decreased pO2 (. 30.3±12.6 vs. 58.8±15.3 µM p<0.01) but did not affect mean arterial pressure (98±11 vs. 99±5 mmHg ns).The present study demonstrates that mitochondrial uncoupling occurs early after Tx and is associated with decreased kidney oxygen tension despite hyperperfusion. This hypoxia may contribute to progressive damage in transplanted kidneys.
Calcium sensing receptor modulates vacuolar H+‐ATPase activity in a cell model of proximal tubule (OKP cells) (891.1)
Authors: Fernandez Ricardo , Dos Santos Priscilla 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of CaSR stimulation on the activity of the vacuolar H+‐ATPase in a cellular model of proximal tubule, OKP cells. H+‐ATPase activity was accessed by a biochemical method. Intracellular pH (pHi) was monitored with BCECF and changes in [Ca2+]i was determined using Fluo‐4 AM. A significant increase of H+‐ATPase activity was observed when the CaSR was stimulated with agonists such as 300μM Gd3+ and 200μM neomycin. This activity was also stimulated in a dose‐dependent fashion when Ca2+ concentration was increased between 10‐4mM and 2mM. Neomycin induced a significant alkalinization of pHi (∆pHi 0.57±0.04) that was significantly reduced in the presence of 10‐8M concanamycin. Gd3+ and neomycin produced a sustained rise of cytosolic ionized calcium (4.77±0.47 and 12.79±0.86%, respectively, p<0.0001 vs basal), an effect that disappeared when extracellular calcium was removed in the presence of 0.1μM thapsigargin. Inhibition of phospholipase C activity with U73122 (5x10‐8M) reduced the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by neomycin. These data allow us to conclude that CaSR stimulation of OKP cells induces an increase in vacuolar H+‐ATPase activity. This effect involves an increase in intracellular calcium, resulting from the combination of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and the influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular medium, an effect that requires PLC activity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CAPES (Brazil)