bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide methylomic analyses identify prognostic epigenetic signature in lower grade glioma
Authors: Guo Wenna , Ma Shanshan , Zhang Yanting , Liu Hongtao , Li Ya , Xu Ji‐Tian , Yang Bo , Guan Fangxia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlioma is the most malignant and aggressive type of brain tumour with high heterogeneity and mortality. Although some clinicopathological factors have been identified as prognostic biomarkers, the individual variants and risk stratification in patients with lower grade glioma (LGG) have not been fully elucidated. The primary aim of this study was to identify an efficient DNA methylation combination biomarker for risk stratification and prognosis in LGG. We conducted a retrospective cohort study by analysing whole genome DNA methylation data of 646 patients with LGG from the TCGA and GEO database. Cox proportional hazard analysis was carried out to screen and construct biomarker model that predicted overall survival (OS). The Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and time‐dependent ROC were constructed to prove the efficiency of the signature. Then, another independent cohort was used to further validate the finding. A two‐CpG site DNA methylation signature was identified by multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. Further analysis indicated that the signature was an independent survival predictor from other clinical factors and exhibited higher predictive accuracy compared with known biomarkers. This signature was significantly correlated with immune‐checkpoint blockade, immunotherapy‐related signatures and ferroptosis regulator genes. The expression pattern and functional analysis showed that these two genes corresponding with two methylation sites contained in the model were correlated with immune infiltration level, and involved in MAPK and Rap1 signalling pathway. The signature may contribute to improve the risk stratification of patients and provide a more accurate assessment for precision medicine in the clinic.
Comparison of the efficacies of polycaprolactone filler and lidocaine‐added filler on neocollagenesis in a rat model
Authors: Sezer Suat , Sarac Gulbahar , Gul Mehmet , Zayman Emrah , Kapicioglu Yelda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPolycaprolactone (PCL) is a semi–permanent filler stimulating neocollagenesis. Lidocaine is frequently used to reduce the pain and, however, may have negative effects on collagen. It was aimed to compare the histological changes on rat skin and efficacies of PCL filler and lidocaine addition.ObjectiveIn this study, results of PCL and PCL+Lidocaine application on rat skin were compared using hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's trichrome (MT) staining, and electron microscope (EM).MethodsA total of 30 adult female rats were divided into three groups: the control group, the PCL group, and the PCL+Lidocaine group. The tissue samples taken at months 2 and 4 were examined using H&E, MT, and EM.ResultsAt month 2, dermis thickness, fibroblast count, and collagen fiber diameter increased similarly in the PCL and PCL+Lidocaine groups. Collagen fiber diameter was significantly higher in the PCL group than in the PCL+Lidocaine (p:0.016) and control groups (p:0.009). At month 4, no significant difference was detected between the PCL and PCL+Lidocaine groups in terms of fibroblast count, collagen fiber count, and collagen fiber diameter; dermis thickness was lower in the PCL+Lidocaine group at month 4 (p < 0.46). Dermis thickness, fibroblast count, collagen fiber count, and collagen fiber diameter were found to be significantly lower than in the PCL and PCL+Lidocaine groups.ConclusionsOur study showed that lidocaine addition to PCL filler does not affect the efficacy of the filler and PCL filler stimulates neocollagenesis.
Dual identity in context: The role of minority peers and school discrimination
Authors: Kende Judit , Baysu Gülseli , Phalet Karen , Fleischmann Fenella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImmigrant‐origin minority adolescents combine their common national identity with distinct ethnic identities. Depending on different social ecologies they develop more or less compatible dual identifications. Taking an ecological approach to ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS), we investigate how schools and peers as socializing agents can afford compatible ethnic and national identifications. We draw on the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey of 944 Turkish and Moroccan minority adolescents in 229 classrooms across 55 Belgian secondary schools with low (10%) to high minority presence (60%+). On average ethnic and national identifications were not significantly associated. In support of the protective role of minority peers, multilevel modeling revealed that national and ethnic identifications were more compatible in classrooms with more minority peers; while school discrimination undermined compatibility only in classrooms with fewer minority peers. We conclude that minority peers are key agents in the socialization of compatible ethnic and national identities.
Food hardness can regulate orthodontic tooth movement in mice
Authors: Ustriyana Putu , He Rui , Srirangapatanam Sudarshan , Chang Jasper , Arman Sheeler T. , Sidhu Sukhmandeep , Wang Bo , Kang Misun , Ho Sunita P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesOrthodontic treatment is often accompanied with prescription of softer foods to patients. The question to ask is, is this prescribed load regimen congruent with Wolff's law, and does it provide an adequate mechanical stimulus to maintain the functional health of periodontal complex? This question was answered by studying the effects of mice chewing on soft food (SF) and hard food (HF) while undergoing experimental tooth movement (ETM).MethodsThree‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice (n = 18) were fed either hard pellet (HF; n = 9) or soft‐chow food (SF; n = 9). ETM was performed on mice at 8 weeks of age, and mice were euthanized at 1 min, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks (8, 10, and 12 weeks old, respectively). A logistic regression model was applied to the experimental data to extrapolate the prolonged effects of ETM on the physical features of the dentoalveolar joint (DAJ).ResultsBy 12 weeks, mice that chewed on SF expressed wider periodontal ligament space than those that chewed on HF. Mice that chewed on SF demonstrated increased alveolar socket roughness with larger alveoli and decreased bone volume fraction but with significantly lower bone mineral density and reduced overall tooth movement.ConclusionsThese altered physical features when contextualized within the DAJ illustrated that (a) the regions farther away from the “site of insult” also undergo significant adaptation, and (b) these adaptations vary between mesial and distal sides of the periodontal complex and topographically differentiate in the direction of the ETM. These insights underpin the main conclusion, in that there is a need to “regulate chewing loads” as a therapeutic dose following ETM to encourage regeneration of periodontal complex as an effective clinical outcome. The discussed multiscale image analyses also can be used on patient cone beam computed tomography data to identify the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment within the realm of masticatory function.
Frequency of signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease in dogs after an episode of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea
Authors: Skotnitzki Elisabeth , Suchodolski Jan S. , Busch Kathrin , Werner Melanie , Zablotski Yury , Ballhausen Bianca D. , Neuerer Felix , Unterer Stefan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute enteropathy is a trigger of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease in humans.ObjectiveTo report the prevalence of and explore possible risk factors for signs of chronic GI disease in dogs after an episode of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea (AHD).AnimalsOne hundred and fifty‐one dogs, 80 dogs with a historical diagnosis of AHD, 71 control dogs with no history of AHD.MethodsIn this retrospective longitudinal study, data were collected from dogs with a historical diagnosis of AHD and healthy controls matched by breed, age and sex, aged between 1 year and 15 years of age, for which a follow‐up of at least 12 months after enrolment was available. Dog owners responded to a questionnaire to determine the history of signs of chronic GI disease.ResultsThere was a higher prevalence of signs of chronic GI disease in the dogs with a previous episode of AHD compared to control dogs (AHD 28%; controls 13%; P = .03; odds ratio = 2.57; confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.12‐6.31) over a similar observation time (median 4 years; range, 1‐12 years).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSevere intestinal mucosal damage and associated barrier dysfunction might trigger chronic GI disease later in life.
Phenylbutazone pharmacokinetics in southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) after oral administration
Authors: Houck Emma L. , Papich Mark G. , Delk Katie W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSouthern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) frequently develop painful conditions, such as traumatic injuries or osteoarthritis, necessitating the administration of pain‐relieving medications. One of the preferred treatments is the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug phenylbutazone because of the availability of oral formulations and the familiarity of its use in horses. For the main study, a single oral dose of phenylbutazone at 2 mg/kg was administered to healthy adult rhinoceros (n = 33) housed at six North American zoological institutions. Each rhinoceros had up to four blood samples collected under voluntary behavioural restraint at up to four predetermined time points (0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 30 and 48 h). Drug analysis was performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The population pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling, and analysis showed a peak concentration (CMAX) of 3.8 µg/ml at 1.8 h and an elimination half‐life of 9 h. The concentrations achieved were similar to what has been reported for horses and were within the half maximal effective concentration for horses for at least 10 h. A multi‐dose trial in five rhinoceros receiving 2 mg/kg orally once daily for five days found mild accumulation at a predicted factor of 1.2. This study represents the first pharmacokinetic data of phenylbutazone in any rhinoceros species.
Treatment and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia
Authors: Torimura Takuji , Iwamoto Hideki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of malignant tumour in Asia. Treatment is decided according to the staging system with information on tumour burden and liver function. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system is the most commonly used staging system for the selection of appropriate treatments worldwide, and although it is highly evidenced‐base, it has very strict guidelines for treatment. In Asian countries, many efforts have been made to expand the indications of each treatment and combination therapies as well as alternative therapies for better outcomes. The guidelines in Asia are less evidence‐based than those in Western countries. More aggressive treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma are generally employed in the guidelines of Asian countries. Surgical resection is frequently employed for selected hepatocellular carcinoma patients with the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages B and C, and combination therapies are sometimes selected, which are contrary to the recommendations of American and European association for the study of the liver guidelines. Recently, a paradigm shift in treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma has occurred with molecular targeted agents, antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors in Asia. Atezolizumab+bevacizumab therapy has become the first‐line systemic treatment ineligible for radical treatment or transarterial chemoembolization in Asian countries. The overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma varies substantially across Asia. Taiwan and Japan have the best clinical outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Intensive surveillance programmes and the development of radical and non‐radical treatments are indispensable for the improvement of prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Progress towards achieving viral hepatitis B and C elimination in the Asia and Pacific region: Results from modelling and global reporting
Authors: Le Linh‐Vi , Blach Sarah , Rewari Bharat , Chan Polin , Fuqiang Cui , Ishikawa Naoko , Sharma Mukta , Mangadan‐Konath Nabeel , Razavi Homie , Low‐Beer Daniel , Razavi‐Shearer Devin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2016, Asia and Pacific countries endorsed action plans for reaching viral hepatitis elimination targets set in the Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) for Viral Hepatitis 2016‐2021. We examine the region's progress by modelling disease burden and constructing the cascade of care. Between 2015 and 2020, chronic HBV prevalence declined from 4.69% to 4.30%, and HCV prevalence declined from 0.64% to 0.58%. The region achieved the 2020 target of 30% incidence reduction for HBV, whereas HCV incidence declined by 6%. Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence for HBV and HCV increased by 9% and 7%, respectively. Liver‐related deaths from HBV rose by 8%, and mortality attributable to HCV plateaued. Large testing and treatment gaps remained in 2019: only 13% of chronic HBV infections were diagnosed and 25% treated; 21% of chronic HCV infection were diagnosed and 11% treated. Viral hepatitis must become national priority with adequate funding to reach elimination goals by 2030.
Contour variations and acoustic characteristics of whistle sounds emitted by Pacific white‐sided dolphins in shallow coastal waters of the Sea of Japan
Authors: Matsushiro Marin , Nakamura Misato , Chayahara Yuko , Kooriyama Takanori 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPacific white‐sided dolphins,Lagenorhynchus obliquidens(PWSDs), migrate along the coast of Japan. PWSDs rarely emit whistles, instead utilizing pulses, unlike many other delphinid species that frequently emit whistle sounds. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the acoustic characteristics and repertoire of the whistle of PWSDs, which have not been reported so far. We analyzed PWSD whistle sound systems (e.g., acoustic parameters and contours) during boat surveys and using passive acoustic monitoring in shallow coastal waters in the northern Sea of Japan. PWSDs in Shakotan rarely emitted whistles, while the burst pulse frequently was as reported in previous studies in other waters. The PWSD whistle vocalization rates were higher during traveling than during foraging. The frequency and duration of their whistles did not appear to change between behaviors. Although complex multiloop whistles were not recorded, whistle contours were classified into seven types. Whistles are often recorded intensively in a short period as a sequence or bout. Considering the extremely low whistle vocalization rates, dolphins may choose whistles instead of pulsed sounds in limited contexts. Our results shed light on the differences in whistle sound usage within odontocete species.
Impact of imatinib treatment on renal function in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Singh Avinash Kumar , Hussain Salman , Ahmed Rayaz , Agrawal Narendra , Bhurani Dinesh , Klugar Miloslav , Sharma Manju 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently, multiple epidemiological studies have linked imatinib with the alteration of renal function in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients. This meta‐analysis aimed to summarize the impact of imatinib use on renal function in CML patients.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE and Embase to identify articles assessing the impact of imatinib exposure on renal function in CML patients. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale (NOS). Two authors independently performed literature‐screening, risk of bias and data extraction. The risk of renal dysfunction (chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury) among imatinib users was computed as the primary outcome of interest. The certainty of findings was assessed using the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) criteria.ResultsA total of nine articles qualified for inclusion in the systematic review, of which four articles were eligible for meta‐analysis. Based on the scoring on NOS, majority of the included studies were found to be of moderate risk of bias. Majority of the studies (n = 6) reported significantly (p < .05) decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after imatinib treatment. The risk of developing renal dysfunction (chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury) was found to be significantly higher in imatinib users as compared to other tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) users with a pooled relative risk of 2.70 (95% CI: 1.49–4.91). Sensitivity analysis also revealed a consistently high risk of renal dysfunction with imatinib use. GRADE criteria revealed low certainty of evidence.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis found an increased risk of renal dysfunction in imatinib users compared to other TKI users.
Association between variants around IRF6 and non‐syndromic orofacial cleft in Western Han Chinese
Authors: Zhang Sidi , Chen Qianming , Yang Chao , Shi Jiayu , Lin Yansong , Duan Shijun , Shi Bing , Jia Zhonglin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesConsidering limitations of previous studies and differences across populations and subtypes, this study aimed to identify new potential SNPs around IRF6 associated with non‐syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOC) in Western Han Chinese.Materials and MethodsWe recruited 376 NSOC case–parent trios, including 125 non‐syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO) trios, 151 non‐syndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) trios, and 100 non‐syndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) trios. Twenty‐two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using MassARRAY method. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test, allelic transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis, sliding‐window haplotype TDT analysis, and tests for parent‐of‐origin effect were performed using the PLINK software. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) was computed using the Haploview program.ResultsIn TDT analysis, allele A at rs17015217 (p = 0.00011, OR = 0.61 and 95% CI: 0.47–0.78) and allele T at rs12080691 (p = 0.00011, OR = 0.61 and 95% CI: 0.47–0.78) were under‐transmitted among NSCLO trios but over‐transmitted among NSCPO trios. Haplotypes showing evidence of under‐transmission in NSCLO trios were over‐transmitted in NSCPO trios. In tests for parent‐of‐origin effects, T allele at rs12080691 presented paternal under‐transmission among NSCLO trios but over‐transmission among NSCPO trios.ConclusionsAllele A at rs17015217 and allele T at rs12080691 are associated with NSCLO and NSCPO with potential to have opposite effects on two subtypes in this sample from Western Han Chinese.
Stem‐cell mobilization of healthy sibling donors with pegfilgrastim—A prospective open‐label phase II trial (EudraCT no: 2005‐004971‐39)
Authors: Vucinic Vladan , Jentzsch Madlen , Leiblein Sabine , Bach Enrica , Remane Yvonne , Schulze‐Forster Kai , Cross Michael , Pönisch Wolfram , Schwind Sebastian , Franke Georg‐Nikolaus , Platzbecker Uwe , Niederwieser Dietger 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPegfilgrastim is a covalently bound conjugate of filgrastim and mono‐methoxypolyethylene glycol with a longer half‐life.Study Design and MethodsWe report on phase II prospective monocentric trial examining the feasibility of stem cell mobilization with 12 mg single dose pegfilgrastim in related donors. The objectives were to determine the optimal collection day, defined as CD34+ concentration in peripheral blood (PB) >50 cells/μl, the number of donors collected with single leukapheresis, and the peak level of pegfilgrastim in donor‐serum. Furthermore, the cell composition of grafts was assessed and compared to published data.ResultsThe results included about 28 matched related donors. The median pegfilgrastim serum level remained >200 ng/mL for 48 hours before declining, with the maximal measured concentration of 259.49 ng/ml 24 h after application. The median white blood cell count and CD34 count in PB peaked on day four with 52.6 (range 22.8–85.0) Gpt/l and 66.25 (range 22.9–136.6) cells/μl, respectively. A CD34+ count >50 cells/μl on day four was detected in 75% of donors.79% of the donors underwent a single collection. Conventional filgrastim was administered additionally in two donors, due to insufficient CD 34+ concentration in PB. 89% of donors showed CD34+ yields ≥4 (median 6.5, range 4.6–14.5) × 10/kg body weight of the recipient. All grafts were administered without rejections.DiscussionThe results of this trial showed that stem cell mobilization with pegfilgrastim is a feasible, and attractive option. This is the first trial presenting the kinetics of pegfilgrastim serum levels in healthy donors.
Nonergodicity in Load and Recovery: Group Results Do Not Generalize to Individuals
Authors: Neumann Niklas D. , Van Yperen Nico W. , Brauers Jur J. , Frencken Wouter , Brink Michel S. , Lemmink Koen A.P.M. , Meerhoff Laurentius A. , Den Hartigh Ruud J.R. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The study of load and recovery gained significant interest in the last decades, given its important value in decreasing the likelihood of injuries and improving performance. So far, findings are typically reported on the group level, whereas practitioners are most often interested in applications at the individual level. Hence, the aim of the present research is to examine to what extent group-level statistics can be generalized to individual athletes, which is referred to as the “ergodicity issue.” Nonergodicity may have serious consequences for the way we should analyze, and work with, load and recovery measures in the sports field. Methods: The authors collected load, that is, rating of perceived exertion × training duration, and total quality of recovery data among youth male players of a professional football club. This data were collected daily across 2 seasons and analyzed on both the group and the individual level. Results: Group- and individual-level analysis resulted in different statistical outcomes, particularly with regard to load. Specifically, SDs within individuals were up to 7.63 times larger than SDs between individuals. In addition, at either level, the authors observed different correlations between load and recovery. Conclusions: The results suggest that the process of load and recovery in athletes is nonergodic, which has important implications for the sports field. Recommendations for training programs of individual athletes may be suboptimal, or even erroneous, when guided by group-level outcomes. The utilization of individual-level analysis is key to ensure the optimal balance of individual load and recovery.