bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat and mass transfer modeling of microwave infrared cooking of zucchini based on Lambert law
Authors: Yazicioglu Nalan , Sumnu Gulum , Sahin Serpil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, the change in the temperature and moisture content of zucchini cooked in microwave and infrared combination oven were modeled by finite element method. The exact form of Lambert law was used to predict the microwave power. Experimental temperature data at different positions of zucchini and moisture content data were used to verify the models obtained for different microwave (10, 30, and 50%) and infrared power (10, 40, and 70%) combinations for 600 s. Measured data and the model were in good agreement with an average root mean square error of 5.66°C for temperature and 2.52% for moisture content. The effects of microwave and infrared powers on rate of heat and mass transfer of zucchini were analyzed.Practical ApplicationsMicrowave–infrared combination heating offers considerably faster heating with main disadvantage of hot and cold spots. By the help of mathematical explanation of systems, these problems can be eliminated. In this research, coupled three‐dimensional finite element model was developed to simulate heat and mass transfer of zucchini cooked in microwave and infrared combination oven. The microwave power was predicted by the Lambert law. In addition, this study presented the effect of microwave and infrared power on rate of heat and mass transfer of zucchini and the variation of temperature with respect to position in the zucchini sample.
Comparative studies of microbial and heavy metal safety assessment of the herbs cultivated in hydroponically and regular soil system
Authors: Sathyanarayana Sowmya R. , Warke Vishal G. , Mahajan Girish B. , Annapure Uday S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydroponics was considered an effective method to practice sustainable agriculture. However, very few studies were carried out related to the microbial and heavy metal safety assessment of hydroponically grown produce. So the microbial and heavy metal quality of hydroponically grown produce needs to be paid attention. The present study's objective was to address microbial and heavy metal safety assessment of basil and coriander grown hydroponically compared with soil‐grown. Such data could be useful while proposing a scientifically validated report for consumers and farmers to reduce foodborne illness and food poisoning risk. The microbial study was carried out in three steps, that is, primary screening, secondary screening, and MALDI‐TOF biotyper based confirmation, whereas heavy metals were analyzed using ICP‐OES. Results from a study of the comparative analysis showed that basil and coriander collected from the hydroponic farm as well as soil farms had no pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella spp., and Campylobacter. The basil was not found to contain pathogens, yeasts, and molds. However, the coriander sample collected from soil‐grown contained Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the case of heavy metal assessment, the hydroponically grown contain no heavy metal content except copper, which is present within the permissible limit. However, soil‐grown basil and coriander had heavy metal content more than the permissible level. This study can infer that hydroponically grown herbs' microbial and heavy metal safety was better than soil grown.
Inactivating effect of dielectric barrier discharge plasma on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus in various dried products
Authors: Lee Yun Jin , Yoon Ki Sun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dielectric‐barrier discharges plasma (DBDP) treatment against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus in different types of food matrix. Dried julienned squid (DS), squid powder (SP), beef jerky (BJ), and beef powder (BP) were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 or S. aureus and treated with DBDP. The treatment voltage varied at 6.11, 9.25, and 11.86 kV. Treatment time at each voltage was controlled at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. The most significant inhibition for E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus was observed in SP, followed by BP, DS, and BJ. The highest log reduction (2.67 log CFU/g) and injury (47.95%) were observed for E. coli O157:H7 in SP at 11.86 kV for 15 min. Overall, DBDP treatment was more effective in inactivating pathogens in powder type than in the solid type, regardless of pathogens. The DBDP treatment more effectively inactivated E. coli O157:H7 than S. aureus. Most E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus cells died with 20 min treatment. These results suggest that DBDP treatment is more effective against a gram‐negative pathogen in powder types of food such as spices and seasoning powder.
Antifungal activity of human gut lactic acid bacteria against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus MTCC 2798 and their potential application as food biopreservative
Authors: Parappilly Sherin Joy , Idicula Dona V. , Chandran Archana , Mathil Radhakrishnan Kavyakrishna , George Sumi Mary 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the enhanced use of chemical preservatives and the survival of foodborne pathogens, lactic acid bacteria and its metabolic product have received increased attention as a potential food preservative. Even though the antibacterial property of lactic acid bacteria is well known, its antifungal property and application in food preservation have not been widely exploited. Considering these facts, this study was conducted to investigate the antifungal properties of three human gut lactic acid bacterial isolates, Lactobacillus plantarum AL1, Lactobacillus fermentum AL2, and Weissella confusa AL3 antifungal activity of the isolates were studied against the aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus MTCC 2798, using the agar overlay method and inhibition of fungal mycelium (co‐culture method). These LAB isolates were also potent producers of antimicrobial compounds like lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and diacetyl. GC–MS analysis of the methanolic extract of the three LAB isolates detected two antifungal bioactive compounds like cyclo (leucyloprolyl) and 1,2‐benzenedicarboxylic acid in extracts. The hemolysis results provided an important insight that the human gut lactic acid bacteria can be used as protective cultures in the biopreservation. The antifungal activity of human gut LAB AL1, AL2, and AL3 against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus MTCC 2798 and its ability extend the shelf life of peanuts prove as a natural preservative for food products.
PIOT‐Hub ‐ A collaborative cloud tool for generation of physical input–output tables using mechanistic engineering models
Authors: Vunnava Venkata Sai Gargeya , Shin Jaewoo , Zhao Lan , Singh Shweta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMapping material flows in an economy is crucial to identifying strategies for resource management toward lowering the waste and environmental impacts of society, a key objective of research in industrial ecology. However, constructing models for mapping material flows at a sectoral level, such as in physical input–output tables (PIOTs) at highly disaggregated levels, is tedious and relies on a large amount of empirical data. To overcome this challenge, a novel collaborative cloud platform PIOT‐Hub is developed in this work. This platform utilizes a Python‐based simulation system for extracting material flow data from mechanistic models, thus semi‐automating the generation of PIOTs. The simulation system implements a bottom‐up approach of utilizing scaled engineering models to generate physical supply tables (PSTs) and physical use tables (PUTs) which are converted to PIOTs (described in (Vunnava & Singh, 2021)). Mechanistic models can be uploaded by users for sectors on PIOT‐Hub to develop PIOTs for any region. Both models and resulting PST/PUT/PIOTs can be shared with other users utilizing the collaborative platform. The automation and sharing features provided by PIOT‐Hub will help to significantly reduce the time required to develop PIOT and improve the reproducibility/continuity of PIOT generation, thus allowing the study of the changing nature of material flows in regional economy. In this paper, we describe the simulation system MFDES and PIOT‐Hub architecture/functionality through a demo example for creating PIOT in agro‐based sectors for Illinois. Future work includes scaling up the cloud infrastructure for large scale PIOT generation and enhancing the tool compatibility for different sectors in economy.
A critical review on the potential role of adipose‐derived stem cells for future treatment of hypertrophic scars
Authors: Putri Karina Teja , Prasetyono Theddeus Octavianus Hari 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) have recently gained researchers’ interest as a solution to various diseases and conditions, including hypertrophic scar. This literature review aims to elucidate ASCs as a potential solution to alleviate hypertrophic scar in human subjects.MethodsLiterature search was done in databases which includes PubMed, MEDLINE, and ProQuest using terms ‘adipose derived stem cells’, ‘adipose cells’, ‘fat graft’, ‘fat grafting’, ‘autologous fat graft’, ‘fat injection’, ‘lipofilling’, ‘scar management’, ‘scar treatment’, ‘burn scar’, and ‘wound management’. The included articles which were published during year 2000‐November 2020 must describe the use of ASCs or fat grafting or lipofilling as an attempt to alleviate hypertrophic scar.RemarksClinically, ASCs improve hypertrophic scars in terms of scar color, elasticity, texture, thickness, and size. Histologically, ASCs promotes healthy tissue regeneration, reduction in fibroblasts, and reorganisation of collagen, resembling those of normal skin. In terms of molecular aspects, ASCs alleviates hypertrophic scars through direct differentiation and paracrine mechanisms.ConclusionAdipose‐derived stem cells, emerge to be a potential solution for alleviating hypertrophic scar, as demonstrated in various studies. However, there has been no studies conducted in human subjects to investigate the effect of ASCs on hypertrophic scar.
From Seats at the Table to Voices in the Discussion: Antecedents of Underrepresented Director Participation in Board Meetings
Authors: Tuggle Christopher S. , Sirmon David G. , Borgholthaus Cameron J. , Bierman Leonard , Bass A. Erin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA corporate board’s work is largely dependent on the collective contributions of individual directors. Thus, greater board diversity, with its commensurate knowledge complementarity, should stimulate better board discussions when members actively participate. Without the participation of underrepresented directors, however, the potential benefits of board diversity are lost. Herein we examine the drivers of underrepresented directors’ participation in board meetings. Departing from prior studies that often used a single‐level, compositional view of board diversity, we explore the antecedents of individual underrepresented director participation with a multi‐level, multi‐theoretic model. We find strong empirical support for our model, derived from detailed board of director meeting transcripts, offering several theoretical contributions to the literature.
Aetiology, Prevention and Management of Alveolar Osteitis—A Scoping Review
Authors: Ghosh Anna , Aggarwal Vishal R. , Moore Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlveolar osteitis (AO) is a poorly understood, common, painful complication following exodontia. It is sometimes managed by inappropriate prescription of antibiotics which contributes to the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. Use of intra‐alveolar chlorhexidine also presents a serious risk of anaphylaxis to the patient.ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to investigate the aetiology, prevention and management of AO and highlight the extent of inappropriate prescribing and intra‐alveolar chlorhexidine use.DesignA scoping review was undertaken using the PRISMA guidelines. Medline, Ovid and Pubmed were searched between 2010 and 2020, from which 63 studies were selected for review that related to the aetiology, prevention or management of AO. Data were analysed for frequency of studies reporting information on risk factors for aetiology, prevention strategies and management including inappropriate management using antibiotic prescribing and intra‐alveolar chlorhexidine.ResultsImpaired immune response, surgical technique and age were identified as significant factors in the development of AO, while there is conflicting evidence regarding the effects of smoking and gender. With regard to prevention, the use of prophylactic antibiotics is not supported within the literature. Saline irrigation and eugenol pastes used preventively have been shown to be cheap and effective alternatives to chlorhexidine with no adverse effects. Hyaluronic acid and low‐level laser therapies showed a significant reduction in pain and soft‐tissue inflammation in the management of AO compared to Alveogyl.ConclusionsFurther understanding of the pathophysiology of AO is needed, in addition to large high‐quality RCTs or long‐term observational studies into the aetiology, prevention, and management of AO to produce up‐to‐date evidence‐based clinical guidelines. Clinicians should also be mindful of their contribution to growing antimicrobial resistance and avoid inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics. Saline should replace chlorhexidine as the intra‐alveolar irrigant of choice.
The Bond Strength of a Universal Adhesive System with Silane to Lithium Disilicates in Comparison with an Isolated Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Almaskin Danah , Alzaher Zahra A. , Qaw Masoumah , Al‐Thobity Ahmad M. , Alshahrani Abdullah , Alsalman Abdulmohsen , Akhtar Sultan , Shetty Ashwin C , Gad Mohammed M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different durations of silane coupling agent application compared to a universal adhesive system regarding the shear bond strength of two ceramic materials.Materials and MethodsA total of 120 human molars were ground to the dentinal coronal third and then fixed into an acrylic resin holder. Lithium disilicate specimens were divided into two main groups according to the ceramic type: computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing IPS e.max CAD and heat‐pressed Initial LiSi Press GC (dimensions of 4 × 3× 3 mm). Each main group was subdivided into 6 subgroups (n = 10) according to the duration of the silane and universal adhesive system application (20, 60, or 120 seconds) on the ceramic surface before cementation; then, the cementation procedures were performed. All specimens were subjected to 5000 thermal cycles at 5 and 55°C before testing. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test multiple comparisons tests were conducted (α = 0.05).ResultsThe shear bond strength increased as the duration of the silane and universal adhesive system application increased. The highest bond value for each material was found for the silane application at 120 seconds, with a significant difference between 120 and 60, and 20 seconds for both e. max CAD and Initial LiSi materials (p = 0.029 and p ˂ 0.001, respectively). No significant difference was found between 60 and 20 seconds when silane and universal adhesive system were applied for both e. max CAD and Initial LiSi materials (p = 0.169 and p = 0.120, respectively). All groups treated with the silane primer showed significantly higher values than the universal adhesive system for each application time (p ˂ 0.001).ConclusionIncreasing the duration of the silane coupling agent and universal adhesive system application to 120 seconds on the ceramic surface before cementation improved the shear bond strength of the ceramic‐cement interface. Ceramic pretreatment with silane could be an essential step for bonding ceramic to dentin regardless of silane presence in the universal adhesive system.
Trends in access to care among rural patients served at HRSA‐funded health centers
Authors: Pourat Nadereh , Lu Connie , Chen Xiao , Zhou Weihao , Hair Brionna , Bolton Joshua , Sripipatana Alek 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeNearly one‐fifth of Americans live in rural areas and experience multiple socioeconomic and health disparities. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)‐funded health centers (HCs) provide comprehensive primary care in rural communities. However, no prior research has examined trends in access to care in rural HC patients. We examined the change in access to care among patients served at rural HRSA‐funded HCs in the United States between 2009 and 2014.MethodsWe compared patients by year to examine measures of access using multilevel generalized structural equation logistic regression models with random effects. We used the 2009 and 2014 cross‐sectional Health Center Patient Surveys and identified 2,625 adult rural HC patients. Dependent variables were subjective (unmet need/delay in medical care, mental health, dental care, and prescription medications) and objective measures (preventive care and other health care utilization) in access to care. Our independent variable of interest was time, comparing access in 2009 and 2014.ResultsRural HC patients reported higher predicted probability of influenza vaccine receipt (37% vs 51%), and lower unmet (25% vs 14%) and delayed medical care (36% vs 18%) between 2009 and 2014. Any emergency department visits in the last year increased (32% vs 46%) and mammogram (70% vs 55%) and Pap test (83% vs 72%) screening rates decreased.ConclusionsObserved increases in access to care among rural HC patients are positive developments but the challenges to access care still persist. Remote services, such as telehealth, could be cost‐effective means of improving access to care among rural patients with limited provider supply.
Night moves: nocturnal movements of endangered spotted turtles and Blanding's turtles
Authors: Hjort Toms A. , Browning L. V. T. , Paterson J. E. , Angoh S. Y. J. , Davy C. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiel activity patterns in animals can be diurnal (concentrated during daylight), nocturnal (concentrated during darkness), cathemeral (both daylight and darkness) or crepuscular (concentrated at twilight). Freshwater, Nearctic turtles are typically considered diurnal, apart from crepuscular or nocturnal nesting migrations by mature females. However, some crepuscular and nocturnal activity has been observed in non‐nesting freshwater turtles. There are no quantitative studies of nocturnal movements in freshwater turtles, but GPS‐tracking devices provide an opportunity to collect and archive locations for 24 h, providing the GPS antenna is exposed above water. We collected GPS locations and shell temperatures from mature spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata, n = 12) and Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii, n = 12) from May to July 2018 in southern Ontario, Canada. We compared the minimum distance moved by turtles during the day and night, and we tested previously proposed hypotheses that nocturnal movement is linked to nesting or thermoregulatory benefits. Blanding's turtle movements were primarily diurnal, but spotted turtles were cathemeral. Nocturnal activity by spotted turtles was not restricted to the nesting season and did not confer thermoregulatory benefits. We hypothesize that nocturnal exposure and movement by spotted turtles provide increased time for foraging or mate‐seeking, allowing daytime hours to be used for basking. Our study demonstrates cathemeral diel patterns in spotted turtles and quantitatively tests hypotheses about the drivers of nocturnal behaviour in freshwater turtles. Future research should use observational methods in order to better understand the purpose of nocturnal activity in Nearctic, freshwater turtles.
The burden and sexual dimorphism with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zou Zi‐Yuan , Zeng Jing , Ren Tian‐Yi , Huang Lei‐Jie , Wang Meng‐Yu , Shi Yi‐Wen , Yang Rui‐Xu , Zhang Qian‐Ren , Fan Jian‐Gao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite substantial attention paid to the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults, data on the burden and sexual dimorphism of NAFLD in Asian children have not yet been synthesized.MethodsWe conducted a literature search of 735 references up to April 2021. Pooled analyses, stratified analyses and meta‐regression were all performed.ResultsThirty‐three study populations were finally included. Nine of them comprising 20 595 children showed an overall NAFLD prevalence of 5.53% (95% CI 3.46%‐8.72%), in which, 36.64% (95% CI, 27.99%‐46.26%) NAFLD subjects had elevated levels of ALT. The prevalence rate of NAFLD increased about 1.6‐fold from 2004 to 2010 to the last decade. Male predominant trends were observed in paediatric NAFLD (boys: 8.18%, 95% CI 4.93%‐13.26%; girls: 3.60%, 95% CI 1.60%‐7.87%). Moreover, meta‐analysis showed that after 10 years of age, boys were more prone to have NAFLD than girls (OR = 1.75; P = .0012). In addition, the pooled prevalence of NAFLD increased sequentially in normal‐weight (1.49%, 95% CI 0.88%‐2.51%, n = 2610), overweight (16.72%, 95% CI 7.07%‐34.65%, n = 1265) and obese children (50.13%, 95% CI 41.99%‐58.27%, n = 6434 individuals). After full covariate adjustment, the multivariate meta‐regression also showed that boy percentage (P = .0396) and body mass index (P < .0001) were positively correlated with prevalent NAFLD.ConclusionsIn Asia, paediatric NAFLD is becoming prevalent over the recent decades, particularly among obese children and boys after 10 years old. The hormonal and chromosomal origins of paediatric NAFLD dimorphism need further investigation.
Complementary nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies of Mo and W in chondrules and matrix in the Allende carbonaceous chondrite: The case for hydrothermal metamorphism and its implications
Authors: Sanders Ian S. , Scott Edward R. D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe remarkable complementary isotopic relationship in the Allende chondrite between chondrules (depleted in s‐process molybdenum and tungsten) and matrix (enriched in these nuclides) has been interpreted as evidence that the anomalies were established during chondrule formation, and that chondrules were, therefore, not made by planetesimal collisions. We question this interpretation, and to better understand the complementary relationship, we review nucleosynthetic isotopic variations of Mo and W in bulk carbonaceous chondrites, their components, and acid leachates extracted from them. Mo isotopic data almost always track a mixing line between pure s‐process Mo and s‐process‐depleted Mo (i.e., with excess p‐process and r‐process Mo in a fixed ratio). Tungsten data track an equivalent mixing line. Guided by our review, we develop a model suggesting how the isotopic variations in Allende’s chondrules and matrix could be attributable to hydrothermal alteration in the parent body. In our model, anomalous Mo and W, both depleted in s‐process isotopes, are easily leached from their carriers in the matrix, then transported in solution and precipitated preferentially in water‐deficient components, such as chondrules, where the aqueous solvent is consumed. The model operates after accretion so does not inform chondrule‐forming mechanisms. It also goes some way to explaining variations of Mo and W isotopes in Ca‐Al‐rich inclusions in Allende, and variations of s‐process Mo in bulk carbonaceous chondrites.