bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of fungi from deteriorated old manuscripts from Banyumas, collection of Library of Universitas Indonesia
Authors: Lintang W , Susetyo-Salim T , Oetari A , Sjamsuridzal W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fungi are the main cause of old manuscript deterioration since manuscripts provide carbon source and nutrient for fungal growth. Isolation of fungi from deteriorated old manuscripts from Banyumas was carried out and their morphology, xerophilic, and cellulolytic nature were investigated. Two deteriorated old dluwang manuscripts showed fungal spores, brown spots, and discoloured paper. Based on morphological characteristics, 31 fungal isolates belonged to five genera (Aspergillus Micheli, Cladosporium Link, Curvularia Boedijn, Penicillium Link, Ulocladium Preuss). These genera have been reported from deteriorated old manuscripts from several historical places in Indonesia. Xerophilic character was shown by 90% (28 isolates) as determined by growth in DG18 medium, which indicated the ability to grow in dry substrates such as old manuscripts. Cellulolytic character was shown by 93.5% (29 isolates) as determined by growth in dluwang paper and merang paper, which indicated that the papers were used as carbon sources and substrates. After 30 days-incubation, the dry weight loss of merang paper was 0.28-51.2%. Result from Scanning Electron Microscopy showed that the deterioration of merang paper were caused by the isolates as shown by the presence of fungal structures. These results showed that the fungal isolates were able to deteriorate old manuscripts from Banyumas, Indonesia.
Study on the daily activity of scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulata) in the Indonesian rice field
Authors: Dwijayanti E , Mahyana  , Nurlaily U , Widarto T H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulata) is known as a common pest in the Indonesian rice field. However, there is no study on the daily activity of this species. This study aims to determine the daily activity of L. punctulata in rice field habitat. The research was conducted on April-May 2021 in Aceh Besar (Sumatera), Wonogiri (Central Java) and Tulungagung (East Java). Sixty-three hours of observations were carried out in seven days using scan sampling and data recorded using the continuous method. Observation time was divided into morning, afternoon, and evening for three hours each time. Data variation was analyzed with ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis, then the correlation between behavior and temperature was analyzed using Pearson and Spearman Correlation Test. Our results show that moving (35.9 – 65.2%) and feeding (16.9–44.69%) are the most frequently observed behaviors. Only sunbathing behavior in the afternoon was significantly different in three locations (p-value < 0.001). Correlation analysis shows that feeding and sunbathing behavior have an inverse correlation with temperature. However, resting behaviors increases with increasing temperature. Temperature affects daily activities due to the bird’s thermoregulatory system. The other factors also influence L. punctulata behavior, such as other bird species presence and bird scaring activities.
Bio-ecological study of Culex quinquefasciatus as a potential vector of Japanese encephalitis in some provinces in Indonesia
Authors: Setiyaningsih R , Anggraeni Y M , Mujiyono  , Yanti A O , Mujiyanto  , Garjito T A , Prihatin M T , Ayuningrum F D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Culex quinquefasciatus is a mosquito known as Japanese encephalitis (JE) vector in several regions in Indonesia. The bioecological study is essential to optimize the vector control of JE. The purpose of the study was to obtain the ecological information of Cx. quinquefasciatus in 15 provinces in Indonesia: Aceh, West Sumatra, Lampung, Bangka Belitung, Banten, West and East Java, West and South Kalimantan, North and Southeast Sulawesi, East and West Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and North Maluku. Mosquitoes were collected using the human landing catches (HLCs), light trap, and morning resting collection. The larva survey was conducted in potential habitats of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The mosquito was detected for the JE virus using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The distribution of Cx. quinquefasciatus was recorded using a GPS tool and visualized using Global Mapper. The results showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus in 15 provinces had similar behavior. The Cx. quinquefasciatus sucked blood indoors and was found throughout the night. Peak density of Cx. quinquefasciatus varies by province. Cx. quinquefasciatus breeding places are found in most ecosystems in various altitudes. Based on PCR examination, the JE virus has not been detected, thus lowering the potential for JE transmission in some provinces in Indonesia.
Flower endophytic fungi of Geodorum densiflorum endangered orchid
Authors: Rahayu N D , Sukarno N , Listiyowati S , Rafi M , Mursidawati S , Sandra E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Geodorum densiflorum is an ornamental and medicinally important orchid. The medicinal metabolites are produced by endophytic fungi associated with orchid tissue, particularly flowers. However, there is no report of the endophytic fungi from the G. densiflorum flowers. This research aimed to study the endophytic fungi from different parts of G. densiflorum flower. Fungal isolation was carried out from sepal, petal, labium, stigma, and anther using surface sterilization method. The fungi were identified by combining morphological and molecular characteristics of ITS rDNA region. The results showed that each flower organ had different species of endophytic fungi. A total of seven species of endophytic fungi were obtained; four species were successfully identified by molecular identification and three species based on morphology. The four species, namely Hypomontagnella barbarensis, Aspergillus oryzae, Curvularia pseudobranchyspora, and Nigrospora chinensis, while the three species, namely Gonatobotrys sp., Humicola sp., Aspergillus section Nigri. The labium inhabited by Curvularia pseudobranchyspora, Nigrospora chinensis, Aspergillus section Nigri. Three species isolated from petals, namely Hypomontagnella barbarensis, Gonatobotrys sp., and Aspergillus oryzae. The sepal is inhabited by Humicola sp. There were no endophytic fungi in stigma and anther. This indicates that each flower part is a unique habitat of endophytic fungi.
Mungbean germplasms tolerance to salinity stress correlated with age character and potential yield
Authors: Pratiwi H , Hapsari R T , Nugrahaeni N , Iswanto R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mungbean is of the important legume commodity in Indonesia, however the production is still encountering the abiotic salinity stress. Fifty mungbean accessions were evaluated for the salinity tolerance at Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI). The experimental was arranged in Split Plot Design consisted of two factors and three replications. The main plot was two environments, normal and salinity stress that was applied using diluted seawater, while the subplot was mungbean accessions. The parameters including soil electrical conductivity, time to first flowering and seed maturation, plant height, leaf chlorophyll index, salinity toxicity score, and seed yield per plant were observed. Salinity stress decreased mungbean seed yield with ranged from 61.33 - 100%. The highest stress tolerance index (STI) were found in Vima 4-MLGV 1118 (STI=0.58) and MLGV 1065 (STI=0.53). Five accessions did not able to produce any seed. Mungbean accessions tolerance to salinity stress was negatively correlated with the time of first flowering and seed maturation, while it was positively correlated with potential yield both in normal and salinity stress. It is suggested that selection and evaluation of mungbean to salinity stress in the future should be categorized both by the plant age and potential yield.
Species diversity and breeding site of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Macaca fascicularis breeding area
Authors: Novianto D , Hadi U K , Soviana S , Supriyono  , Darusman H S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mosquito larvae play an essential role in the ecological, and many of them can spread human and animal diseases, including in Macaca fascicularis. Information on mosquito species and their habitats can provide an overview of the role of mosquitoes in the spread of vector-borne diseases in M. fascicularis captivity area. This study aimed to identify species diversity of mosquito larvae, species affinity and association, and the larval breeding sites around M. fascicularis captivity area in Bogor, West Java. Mosquito larvae were collected from 102 sites using a 350 ml dipper. Mosquito larvae that were successfully collected consisted of 11 species; Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Armigeres subalbatus, Anopheles aconitus, An. kochi, An. vagus, Culex fuscocephala, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhyncus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. vishnui. Co-occurrence in mosquito larvae as many as 13 compositions, with the highest co-occurrence in Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus that was 11 times. There were seven types breeding sites for the larval mosquitoes, i.e containers, ditches, creeks, ponds, artificial ponds, groundwater puddles, and rice fields. We conclude the existence of mosquito larvae and the availability of their breeding site in M. fascicularis captivity area can be a potential transmission of pathogens between mosquitoes and hosts
The diversity of chili pepper volatile compounds and its relationship to insect pests
Authors: Kirana R , Anwariudin M J , Setiawati W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Selection activities in plant breeding can be carried out only if there is variation in the plant’s genetic materials. Plant volatile compounds are media for interaction between plants and insects, making them potential to be used as a selection parameter in resistant plant breeding programs against insect pests. This study aimed to determine the diversity of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) volatile compounds and to explain its relationship to the main insect pests of chili pepper. The research was carried out at IVEGRI’s research station in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia from March to September 2020. The treatment involved 34 chili pepper varieties. The observation parameters included profiles of volatile compounds measured using GC-MS and incidence of main insect pests (thrips, worms, and fruit fly). The results showed that 87 volatile compounds detected, eight of them, i.e. 3,6-Nonadien-1-ol, (E, Z)-,β-Ocimene, trans-β-Ocimene, 3-Allylcyclohexene, 2,4,6-Octatriene, 3,4-dimethyl-, Neo-allo-ocimene, 1-Octanol and 2-Methylanisole showed a high level of diversity among the chili pepper varieties tested. The results of a simple correlation test showed positive and negative correlations between eight volatile compounds and pest incidence, with a range from -6.80 to 0.87. The relationship between these volatiles compounds and pest incidence will be subject to a further discussion.
Phenology and morphological flower of Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
Authors: Kurniawan V , Putri D M , Normasiwi S , Surya M I 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrunus cerasoidesBuch.-Ham. ex D. Don, known as Himalayan cherry, is an ornamental plant that collected in Cibodas Botanical Garden. Moreover, the environment might be affecting the flowering period and morphological ofP. cerasoides. This study was conducted in Cibodas Botanical Garden. It was aimed to evaluate the trend of the flowering period ofP. cerasoidesin Cibodas Botanical Garden during 20 years (2001-2020). The observation occurred five times, i.e. in 2001, 2004, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The results showed thatP. cerasoideswas able to flower two times in a year, but the period were not always the same every year. Generally, the flowering times ofP. cerasoidesin the first period was in January-February on 2001, 2004, 2010, and 2015, but in the second period,P. cerasoidesexperienced different flowering periods which is August 2001, June-August 2004, August-October 2010, and July-October 2015 with very rare/little (1%-30%) to rare/moderate (31%-60%) of flowers. In 2020, there was a significant shifting of the flowering period thatP. cerasoideswas flowering from March to June and the second period of flowering in October. The fruit only occurred in 2010 and 2015 with very rare/little fruit intensity (1%-30%) to rare/moderate (31%-60%).
Beneficial effect of Achromobacter insolitus MB20 and manures in reducing Pythium aphanidermatum disease in cucumber
Authors: Yuliar  , Nuramida N , Salmah A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The increased global livestock production, such as chickens, cows, goats, and rabbits causes increased animal waste in both liquid and solid forms. The utilization of animal manures are considered as a beneficial way to minimize the livestock waste problems. Application of manure is advantageous to the soil nutrient balance, soil structure and moisture-holding capacity, and facilitates environmental protection. A combination of biocontrol agent of Achromobacter insolitus MB20 and manures was studied as alternative to chemical fungicides to protect crop from diseases without damaging the environment and human health. The chemical fungicides cannot be used continously and do not represent a sustainable method control. Result showed that an application of A. insolitus alone reduced cucumber damping-off as high as 60%, and in combination of A. insolitus with chicken manure was 80%, goat manure 70%, cow manure and rabbit urine 65%. The in vitro test indicated that A. insolitus inhibited P. aphanidermatum growth by 28%. This antagonist bacterium also produced extracellular enzyme of protease and cellulase with proteolytic index (PI) value was 1.4 and cellulolytic index (CI) value was 1.7. An application of A. insolitus with chicken manure resulted the best combination and the most effective in reducing of cucumber damping-off.
Characterization of secondary metabolites in kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Zulfina S , Fathoni M A N , Poerwanto R , Matra D D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is a high biodiversity country for underutilized fruits. Indonesian underutilized fruits contain several beneficial functional foods that are very useful for human health. This study aimed to analyze the secondary metabolites found in Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi). Fruit sampling was carried out in Hulu Sungai Selatan and Banjar, South Kalimantan. Five types of Kasturi mango were used, namely Kasturi, Pinari, Palipisan, Cuban, and Rawa-rawa, which included aril and rind. The results of this research showed that there are specific compounds in each type. Analysis of secondary metabolites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in Kasturi aril showed that specific compounds were obtained in the Kasturi type, such as 13-tetradecenal ethyl elaidate, spinacene, and (23S)-ethylcholest-5-en-3.beta.-ol. The Rawa-rawa type contained specific compounds such as tetradecanoic acid and cis-vaccenic acid. Analysis of secondary metabolites with GC-MS in Kasturi rind showed that the Kasturi type contained specific compounds, such as distearil phosphite and 13-octadecenoic acid. The Rawa-rawa type contained specific compounds such as docosane and triacontyl acetate. Based on, characterization of secondary metabolites using GC-MS, Kasturi mango showed the high variation of secondary metabolites among their types.
The qualitative screening of cellulolytic, chitinolytic, IAA-producing, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria from black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.)
Authors: Tamrela H , Sugiyanto A , Santoso I , Fadhilah Q G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae are widely used in organic waste management. Its ability to digest organic compound was supported by the diversity of bacteria which produce various enzymes inside the larvae bodies. The exploration of potential bacteria in BSF larvae may have advantages for the agricultural field. This study aimed to screen cellulolytic, chitinolytic, phosphate solubilizing, and IAA-producing bacteria from BSF larvae. A total of 22 isolates were qualitatively screened using various media. Among the 22 isolates, five isolates showed positive results of cellulolytic activity; six isolates were able to digest chitin; nine isolates have positive result of IAA-producing test; and five isolates could solubilize phosphate in Pikovskaya’s agar. There were two isolates, B11 and B15, that gave positive result in three tests, those are on cellulolytic, phosphate solubilizing, and IAA producing test. Molecular identification of B11 showed that the isolate was similar to Bacillus altitudinis (100%) and B15 was closed to Klebsiella oxytoca (99.73%).
Analysis of Multidimensional Stunting Intervention Factor Using Mixed Model
Authors: Agustina D N , Sartono B , Notodiputro K A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The mixed model combines fixed effect for all groups and random effect representing the diversity inter groups in the model (province) to increase the model precision. This study provides information on the significance of multidimensional stunting intervention factors (predictor variables) on stunting prevalence (response variables as indicator 2.2.1 Sustainable Development Goals/SDGs) with district/city as observation units. Using official data from Statistics Indonesia (National Socio Economic Survey) and Ministry of Health (Basic Health Research), this study expects to be one basis of information for the government, stakeholders, and further research to accelerate Indonesia’s SDGs targets in 2030. Comparison of classical linear mixed model method and linear mixed model with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) variable selection conduct with relatively better results of mixed linear modelling with Lasso. The results showed that the predictor variables, namely complete immunization, ease of access to health facilities, diversity of food intake, improve water, food expenditure per capita, children’s participation in early childhood education, maternal education, and ownership of National Health Insurance for toddlers, significantly affected the stunting prevalence decrease. The predictor variables, namely low birth weight, households with social protection cards, and the percentage of poor people, significantly increase the stunting prevalence.
New record of Gymnoascus udagawae associated with Clathria sp. sponge from Indonesia and the potency as anti-Candida
Authors: Fadillah W N , Sukarno N , Iswantini D , Rahminiwati M , Listiyowati S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Marine sponges are associated with marine fungi. The associated fungi produce secondary metabolites for sponge survival in extreme habitats. Despite the important role of the associated fungi on their host, the research on marine fungi however has not been studied well. This study aimed to isolate sponge-associated marine fungi and analyze the potency of fungal secondary metabolites against Candida albicans. The sponge used was Clathria sp. collected from Pramuka Island, Indonesia. Fungal isolation used the direct inoculation method. Fungal identification was done by morphological and molecular characteristics of ITS rDNA region. Detection of anti-Candida used the well diffusion method. The isolate has typical morphological characteristics of the genus Gymnoascus with noduled chlamydospore and arthroconidia. The isolated fungus was identified as Gymnoascus udagawae based on morphological and molecular analysis. This is the first record of marine fungi G. udagawae from Indonesia. The ethyl acetate extract of fungal filtrate showed 1.4 cm inhibition diameter of 500 mg/μL extract. The inhibition is moderate category compared to that of clotrimazole a drug commonly used for candidiasis as the positive control with showed 2.8 cm inhibition diameter at 100 mg/μL. The fungus is a potential source of the secondary metabolite active against C. albicans.
Antagonistic capacity of dark septate endophytes (DSE) against Ganoderma boninense from oil palm (Elaeis guinensis Jacq.)
Authors: Rahayu G , Surono  , Octaviani D A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Ganoderma boninense, a causal agent of basal stem rot, as one of the major problems in oil palm plantation in Indonesia. The potential of dark septate endophytes (DSE) as biocontrol agents for G. boninense is not widely studied. Therefore, this study aims to screen DSE strains to obtain high antagonistic strains. The antagonistic capacity of 10 DSE strains was determined based on the growth inhibition in the dual culture, and volatile compounds challenge against G. boninense, in vitro. Volatile compound profiling of selected DSE strains that showed the highest challenge capacity was done using Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Among 10 DSE strains tested, TKC 2.2a had the highest percentage of G. boninense inhibition in dual cultures and the volatile compound challenge. This strain inhibited better if grown in media seven days earlier than grown simultaneously with G. boninsense. The volatile compounds of 14 days old TKC 2.2a were of 2H-1-Benzopyran-7-ol, 3,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-phenyl; 4-Allyl-2,6-dimetho-xyphenol; and hexa-decanoic acid, which were reported as having either antimicrobial or antifungal activities. These results indicate that DSE TKC 2.2a can be a candidate for a biocontrol agent against G. boninense in oil palm, depending on further research on its ability to reduce basal stem rot symptoms.
sgRNA design for DLT gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 and in-silico mutation prediction in Rice cv. Hawara Bunar
Authors: Halim I , Fendiyanto M H , Miftahudin  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The DWARF AND LOW TILLERRING (DLT) gene is a transcription factor for a gene involved in Brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis. Manipulating BR biosynthesis will affect the height and tiller number of rice. CRISPR-Cas9 is an accurate tool to edit a gene sequence. The accuracy of site editing of the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated target gene editing is determined by the 20 nucleotide sequences in the sgRNA and the binding site known as the Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM). The study aimed to design sgRNA and predict the DLT gene mutation sites in rice cv. Hawara Bunar. The exon 1 of the DLT gene was amplified using a primer pair designed from the reference gene. The PCR product was then sequenced, and the sequence was used to design sgRNA. The study has designed sgRNA located on the targeted sequence that corresponds to the Gras family protein domain of the exon1 DLT gene. The mutation sites were predicted to be at the domain site through the alignment of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the DLT gene and the reference gene. It is predicted that mutations in the target site that corresponds to the protein domain will change the protein structure and its function.
Automatic monitoring system of Apis cerana based on image processing
Authors: Nurhiman A , Almira A , Raffiudin R , Indro M N , Maddu A , Sumaryada T 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The flight behavior of honey bee Apis cerana is influenced by environmental conditions. The observation of the number of bees flying in and out from the hives is needed to detect the Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) phenomena. In this research, we build a prototype of an automatic monitoring system based on image processing. This instrument is intended to automatically monitor and count the number of in and out activities of A. cerana forager bees. This monitoring system detects the red, green, blue, and yellow marked bees by using a camera module of Raspbery Pi mini-computer which is programmed in Python language (and assisted by OpenCV library). The monitoring system is also equipped with temperature, humidity, and light intensity sensors to accurately describe the environmental condition during the measurement. The results show that the highest number of flight activities occurred around 8:00.-09:00 am, then decrease to noon and increased again at 1:00 pm - 3:00 pm.