bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of posttensioned concrete beams from the 1940s: Large‐scale load testing, numerical analysis and Bayesian assessment of prestressing losses
Authors: Botte Wouter , Vereecken Eline , Taerwe Luc , Caspeele Robby 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe UCO textile factory was built in Ghent (Belgium) in the period 1947–1948. The roof structure covered an area of about 35,000 m2 and consisted of 100 primary beams and 600 secondary beams. These post‐tensioned beams were designed by prof. Gustave Magnel, who was a world‐leading expert in the field of prestressed concrete. This project was one of the first important large‐scale applications of prestressed concrete in industrial buildings in the world and also the first large scale application of on site prefabrication. Recently, part of the factory building was demolished and a primary beam and secondary beam of the roof structure were transferred to the Magnel‐Vandepitte Laboratory for Building Materials and Structures for testing at an age of approximately 70 years. The primary beams have a span of 20.5 m and a maximum depth of 1.7 m. The secondary beams have a span of 13.7 m and a depth of 1 m. Only prestressing tendons (Blaton–Magnel system with Ø 5 mm wires) were present in the beams but no passive reinforcement nor stirrups are present except for the reinforcement in the corbels and the end blocks. This article describes the results of the loading tests up to failure on the beams. The experimental results are compared with results from analytical calculations. Furthermore, a nonlinear finite element model was developed and validated. Subsequently, this numerical model was used for a Bayesian‐based assessment of the prestressing losses in these beams. As such, the article presents novel information related to time‐dependent prestress losses after 70 years in service as well as the structural performance of such existing post‐tensioned concrete structures dating from that pioneering period.
Characterisation and mapping of the surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bennani Houda , Cornelsen Laura , Stärk Katharina D.C. , Häsler Barbara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground: Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an essential component of any strategy to mitigate AMR and needs regular evaluation to ensure its effectiveness. A first step for any evaluation is to describe the system and context. In this study, we aimed to characterise and map the surveillance system for AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU) in the United Kingdom (UK) using a One Health (OH) approach and to identify integration points in the system.Methods: To describe the surveillance system for AMR/AMU, international guidelines for establishing surveillance systems for AMR and AMU were used. A review of the literature was conducted to collect information on the different parameters identified.Results: Multiple data collection systems exist for AMU and AMR in humans, animals and food. Each sector is responsible for the planning, implementation, analysis and reporting of its own surveillance for AMR and AMU. Some cross‐sectoral collaborative activities exist such as the UK AMR contingency plan and the publication of UK OH reports; there are opportunities for further integration such as the harmonisation of data analyses methods and interpretation across sectors and the publication of joint surveillance reports.Conclusion: This overview of key stakeholders, data collection streams, reporting, linkages within and across sectors and international monitoring forms an important basis for future evaluation of the UK AMR/AMU surveillance system from a OH perspective.
Most likely causes of infection and risk factors for tuberculosis in Spanish cattle herds
Authors: Ciaravino Giovanna , Laranjo‐González Minerva , Casal Jordi , Sáez‐Llorente Jose Luis , Allepuz Alberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction: This study aims to assess the most likely causes of Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) breakdowns in Spanish cattle herds and to identify the main risk factors at farm‐level.Methods: Causes of bTB breakdowns were assessed through a qualitative risk‐assessment based on decision‐trees by analysing surveillance data from 3819 bTB breakdowns detected during 2014–2016. Results were compared to veterinary officers' (VO) opinions. Risk factors were identified through a case‐control study with data from 196 bTB cases and 160 controls collected during 2014–2018.Results: The decision tree analysis identified residual infections and interactions with wildlife as the most frequent causes of breakdowns (36% each), followed by purchasing infected cattle (14%). These results were not supported by VOs' opinions. According to the regression models, the risk of bTB increased by sharing pastures (odds ratios [OR] = 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6–4.4) and by increasing inwards cattle movements. The presence of wildlife reservoirs represented a significant risk for extensively‐managed farms if other cattle farms are situated within a one‐kilometre radius (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.1–5.1).Discussion: To prevent bTB breakdowns, efforts should be devoted to decrease the likelihood of residual infections and improve farm biosecurity. The adoption of biosecurity measures might be influenced by farmers' perceptions, which should be carefully evaluated to ensure the effectiveness of such strategies.
A comparison of cytological quality between fine‐needle aspiration and non‐aspiration techniques for obtaining ultrasound‐guided samples from canine and feline lymph nodes
Authors: Whitlock James , Taeymans Olivier , Monti Paola 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground: In small animal medicine, ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle lymph node sampling plays a pivotal role in the diagnostic investigation of a range of pathologies including the staging of neoplastic disease. Traditionally fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been employed to produce samples, but fine needle non‐aspiration cytology (FNNAC) has been suggested to generate superior sample quality and diagnosticity.Methods: In a randomised control trial, 104 canine and feline lymph nodes were each sampled by both techniques. The cytological samples were then submitted to pathologists who were blinded to the technique used to generate each sample. They determined if the sample was diagnostic or non‐diagnostic and graded the sample in terms of the degree of cellularity, cellular preservation and haemodilution.Results: It was found that lymph node samples obtained using the FNAC technique were more likely to be diagnostic (p = 0.043) than samples obtained using the FNNAC technique. In addition, FNAC samples had significantly higher cellularity than FNNAC counterparts (P = 0.043). No significant difference in cell preservation or haemodilution was found between samples from the FNAC and FNNAC groups.Conclusion: In this study, FNAC was superior to non‐aspiration cytology for the sampling of canine and feline lymph nodes as it generated a higher number of diagnostic samples with greater cellularity.
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in dogs: Main patterns and prevalence of albuminocytological dissociation
Authors: Suñol Anna , Garcia‐Pertierra Sofia , Faller Kiterie M. E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground: Albuminocytological dissociation (ACD) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is defined as an increased total protein concentration with normal total nucleated cell count. It is suspected to occur in diseases that alter the blood‐brain barrier, increase the production of protein or obstruct the flow of CSF. The purposes of this study were to review the CSF analysis results of a large cohort of dogs with neurological conditions, to analyse the total prevalence of ACD and to describe which diseases have a higher prevalence of ACD.Study design and methods: Medical records were retrospectively searched for dogs whom CSF was sampled from 2012–2019. Data collected included signalment, body weight, site of collection of the CSF, CSF analysis results, and final diagnosis.Results: A total of 497 dogs met the inclusion criteria. ACD was identified in 16.5% (82/497) of dogs. The diseases with higher proportion of ACD were cranial nerve neuropathy (6/10; 60.0%), brain tumour (10/24; 41.7%), idiopathic vestibular disease (7/17; 41.2%) and brain vascular disease (4/13; 30.8%).Clinical significance: This study describes the CSF patterns of the most common neurological conditions in dogs, also characterizing, for the first time in dogs, the prevalence and causes of ACD, which was identified in 16.5% of the samples. The diseases with highest proportions of ACD were cranial nerve neuropathy, brain tumour, idiopathic vestibular disease and brain vascular disease.
Driving evidence‐based improvements for the UK's ‘Stressed. Lonely. Overweight. Bored. Aggressive. Misunderstood…but loved’ companion animals
Authors: Wensley Sean , Betton Vicki , Gosschalk Kate , Hooker Richard , Main David C.J. , Martin Nicola , Tipton Emma 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground: The Five Welfare Needs in UK animal welfare legislation underpin a legal duty of care and are an animal welfare assessment framework. Health and welfare problems arise when these needs are unmet. The veterinary professions work with others to address these problems, but there is no publicly funded U.K. companion animal welfare surveillance to identify priorities, or promote and monitor change.Methods: The veterinary charity, the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA), together with the market research organisation, YouGov, has undertaken a longitudinal nationwide survey, assessing whether the U.K's pet dogs, cats and rabbits are having their Five Welfare Needs met. Data from nationally representative samples of pet‐owning adults, drawn from YouGov's online survey panel, have been used to produce the PDSA Animal Wellbeing (PAW) Report annually since 2011.Results: Examples are given of how the PAW Report has been used to monitor trends in animal welfare problems, drive collaborative behaviour change campaigns, create evidence‐based funding applications and inspire innovation in veterinary practice.Conclusion: The PAW Report has contributed to closing a gap in national companion animal welfare surveillance. When governments rely on non‐governmental organisations to assist with animal welfare surveillance, reliable sources such as the PAW Report can inform research, policy and legislation.
Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Effective Confinement Anisotropy with Orientationally-Averaged Single and Double Diffusion Encoding
Authors: Yolcu Cem , Herberthson Magnus , Westin Carl-Fredrik , Özarslan Evren 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPorous or biological materials comprise a multitude of micro-domains containing water. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance measurements are sensitive to the anisotropy of the thermal motion of such water. This anisotropy can be due to the domain shape, as well as the (lack of) dispersion in their orientations. Averaging over measurements that span all orientations is a trick to suppress the latter, thereby untangling it from the influence of the domains’ anisotropy on the signal. Here, we consider domains whose anisotropy is modeled as being the result of a Hookean (spring) force, which has the advantage of having a Gaussian diffusion propagator while still confining the spatial range for the diffusing particles. In fact, this confinement model is the effective model of restricted diffusion when diffusion is encoded via gradients of long durations, making the model relevant to a broad range of studies aiming to characterize porous media with microscopic subdomains. In this study, analytical expressions for the powder-averaged signal under this assumption are given for so-called single and double diffusion encoding schemes, which sensitize the MR signal to the diffusive displacement of particles in, respectively, one or two consecutive time intervals. The signal for one-dimensional diffusion is shown to exhibit power-law dependence on the gradient strength while its coefficient bears signatures of restricted diffusion.
Anisotropy in the Human Placenta in Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Slator Paddy J. , Ho Alison , Bakalis Spyros , Jackson Laurence , Chappell Lucy C. , Alexander Daniel C. , Hajnal Joseph V. , Rutherford Mary , Hutter Jana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe placenta has a unique structure, which enables the transfer of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the developing fetus. Abnormalities in placental structure are associated with major complications of pregnancy; for instance, changes in the complex branching structures of fetal villous trees are associated with fetal growth restriction. Diffusion MRI has the potential to measure such fine placental microstructural details. Here, we present in-vivo placental diffusion MRI scans from controls and pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. We find that after 30 weeks’ gestation fractional anisotropy is significantly higher in placentas associated with growth restricted pregnancies. This shows the potential of diffusion MRI derived measures of anisotropy for assessing placental function during pregnancy.
Degenerate Curve Bifurcations in 3D Linear Symmetric Tensor Fields
Authors: Zhang Yue , Nie Hongyu , Zhang Eugene 
Published: February 2021

Abstract3D symmetric tensor fields have a wide range of applications in medicine, science, and engineering. The topology of tensor fields can provide key insight into their structures. In this paper we study the number of possible topological bifurcations in 3D linear tensor fields. Using the linearity/planarity classification and wedge/trisector classification, we explore four types of bifurcations that can change the number and connectivity in the degenerate curves as well as the number and location of transition points on these degenerate curves. This leads to four types of bifurcations among nine scenarios of 3D linear tensor fields.
Tensor Approximation for Multidimensional and Multivariate Data
Authors: Pajarola Renato , Suter Susanne K. , Ballester-Ripoll Rafael , Yang Haiyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTensor decomposition methods and multilinear algebra are powerful tools to cope with challenges around multidimensional and multivariate data in computer graphics, image processing and data visualization, in particular with respect to compact representation and processing of increasingly large-scale data sets. Initially proposed as an extension of the concept of matrix rank for 3 and more dimensions, tensor decomposition methods have found applications in a remarkably wide range of disciplines. We briefly review the main concepts of tensor decompositions and their application to multidimensional visual data. Furthermore, we will include a first outlook on porting these techniques to multivariate data such as vector and tensor fields.
Fourth-Order Anisotropic Diffusion for Inpainting and Image Compression
Authors: Jumakulyyev Ikram , Schultz Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEdge-enhancing diffusion (EED) can reconstruct a close approximation of an original image from a small subset of its pixels. This makes it an attractive foundation for PDE based image compression. In this work, we generalize second-order EED to a fourth-order counterpart. It involves a fourth-order diffusion tensor that is constructed from the regularized image gradient in a similar way as in traditional second-order EED, permitting diffusion along edges, while applying a non-linear diffusivity function across them. We show that our fourth-order diffusion tensor formalism provides a unifying framework for all previous anisotropic fourth-order diffusion based methods, and that it provides additional flexibility. We achieve an efficient implementation using a fast semi-iterative scheme. Experimental results on natural and medical images suggest that our novel fourth-order method produces more accurate reconstructions compared to the existing second-order EED.
Uncertainty in the DTI Visualization Pipeline
Authors: Siddiqui Faizan , Höllt Thomas , Vilanova Anna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DWI) enables the in-vivo visualization of fibrous tissues such as white matter in the brain. Diffusion-Tensor Imaging (DTI) specifically models the DWI diffusion measurements as a second order-tensor. The processing pipeline to visualize this data, from image acquisition to the final rendering, is rather complex. It involves a considerable amount of measurements, parameters and model assumptions, all of which generate uncertainties in the final result which typically are not shown to the analyst in the visualization. In recent years, there has been a considerable amount of work on the visualization of uncertainty in DWI, and specifically DTI. In this chapter, we primarily focus on DTI given its simplicity and applicability, however, several aspects presented are valid for DWI as a whole. We explore the various sources of uncertainties involved, approaches for modeling those uncertainties, and, finally, we survey different strategies to visually represent them. We also look at several related methods of uncertainty visualization that have been applied outside DTI and discuss how these techniques can be adopted to the DTI domain. We conclude our discussion with an overview of potential research directions.
Europe’s Melancholias: Diasporas in Contention and the Unravelings of the Postwar Settlement
Authors: Rosenhaft Eve 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRosenhaft explores some ways in which discourses of human rights, racism and antisemitism that emerged in the global North after 1945 have been appropriated, complicated and disrupted in this century’s memory conflicts. She examines Black Holocaust fictions in the light of changes in the global Black diaspora, and reflects on the recent debates on antisemitism and Holocaust memory that place diasporic actors in contention as well as on the populist trope of a “white, Christian Europe”. Following Paul Gilroy’s use of the term “postcolonial melancholia” to characterize British nostalgia for empire, she identifies analogous forms of nostalgia driving the current memory wars, and deploys the notions of “post-Holocaust” and “post-imperial” melancholias as complementary responses to the challenges posed by the (re-)emergence of a multicultural Europe.
Öffentliche Mobilität legitimieren: Das Berliner Mobilitätsgesetz
Authors: Kirchner Jens Holger 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit vielen Jahren hat in Berlin der Fahrradverkehr zugenommen – absolut und auch relativ. Einige behaupten, wegen der kommunalpolitischen Bemühungen, Andere behaupten, trotz dessen. In einigen Gegenden der Stadt nimmt der Radverkehr schon gefühlt einen Anteil von 50 % auf der Fahrbahn, d. h. gegenüber dem Kfz-Verkehr, ein.
New asymptotic conservation laws for electromagnetism
Authors: Bhatkar Sayali Atul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We obtain the subleading tail to the memory term in the late time electromagnetic radiative field generated due to a generic scattering of charged bodies. We show that there exists a new asymptotic conservation law which is related to the subleading tail term. The corresponding charge is made of a mode of the asymptotic electromagnetic field that appears at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(e5) and we expect that it is uncorrected at higher orders. This hints that the subleading tail arises from classical limit of a 2-loop soft photon theorem. Building on the m = 1 [41, 42] and m = 2 cases, we propose that there exists a conservation law for every m such that the respective charge involves an $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(e2m+1) mode and is conserved exactly. This would imply a hierarchy of an infinite number of m-loop soft theorems. We also predict the structure of mth order tails to the memory term that are tied to the classical limit of these soft theorems.
BMS algebras in 4 and 3 dimensions, their quantum deformations and duals
Authors: Borowiec Andrzej , Brocki Lennart , Kowalski-Glikman Jerzy , Unger Josua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BMS symmetry is a symmetry of asymptotically flat spacetimes in vicinity of the null boundary of spacetime and it is expected to play a fundamental role in physics. It is interesting therefore to investigate the structures and properties of quantum deformations of these symmetries, which are expected to shed some light on symmetries of quantum spacetime. In this paper we discuss the structure of the algebra of extended BMS symmetries in 3 and 4 spacetime dimensions, realizing that these algebras contain an infinite number of distinct Poincaré subalgebras, a fact that has previously been noted in the 3 dimensional case only. Then we use these subalgebras to construct an infinite number of different Hopf algebras being quantum deformations of the BMS algebras. We also discuss different types of twist-deformations and the dual Hopf algebras, which could be interpreted as noncommutative, extended quantum spacetimes.
Lepton-mediated electroweak baryogenesis, gravitational waves and the 4τ final state at the collider
Authors: Xie Ke-Pan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An electroweak baryogenesis (EWBG) mechanism mediated by τ lepton transport is proposed. We extend the Standard Model with a real singlet scalar S to trigger the strong first-order electroweak phase transition (SFOEWPT), and with a set of leptophilic dimension-5 operators to provide sufficient CP violating source. We demonstrate this model is able to generate the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. This scenario is experimentally testable via either the SFOEWPT gravitational wave signals at the next-generation space-based detectors, or the pp → h* → SS → 4τ process (where h* is an off-shell Higgs) at the hadron colliders. A detailed collider simulation shows that a considerable fraction of parameter space can be probed at the HL-LHC, while almost the whole parameter space allowed by EWBG can be reached by the 27 TeV HE-LHC.
Composite dark matter from strongly-interacting chiral dynamics
Authors: Contino Roberto , Podo Alessandro , Revello Filippo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A class of chiral gauge theories is studied with accidentally-stable pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons playing the role of dark matter (DM). The gauge group contains a vector-like dark color factor that confines at energies larger than the electroweak scale, and a U(1)D factor that remains weakly coupled and is spontaneously broken. All new scales are generated dynamically, including the DM mass, and the IR dynamics is fully calculable. We analyze minimal models of this kind with dark fermions transforming as non-trivial vector-like representations of the Standard Model (SM) gauge group. In realistic models, the DM candidate is a SM singlet and comes along with charged partners that can be discovered at high-energy colliders. The phenomenology of the lowest-lying new states is thus characterized by correlated predictions for astrophysical observations and laboratory experiments.
Viscous Flow Around a Rigid Body Performing a Time-periodic Motion
Authors: Eiter Thomas , Kyed Mads 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe equations governing the flow of a viscous incompressible fluid around a rigid body that performs a prescribed time-periodic motion with constant axes of translation and rotation are investigated. Under the assumption that the period and the angular velocity of the prescribed rigid-body motion are compatible, and that the mean translational velocity is non-zero, existence of a time-periodic solution is established. The proof is based on an appropriate linearization, which is examined within a setting of absolutely convergent Fourier series. Since the corresponding resolvent problem is ill-posed in classical Sobolev spaces, a linear theory is developed in a framework of homogeneous Sobolev spaces.