bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma expression in nonmelanoma skin cancers and melanocytes in surrounding skin
Authors: Elsensohn Ashley , Hanson Josiah , Ferringer Tammie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmunohistochemistry for preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) has been studied in melanocytic lesions but not nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). This study evaluated PRAME expression in NMSCs and dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) melanocytes in the surrounding skin.MethodsNinety‐nine NMSCs were studied: 23 Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs), 25 well to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 14 basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), five basosquamous carcinomas, four sebaceous carcinomas, ten atypical fibroxanthomas, 11 dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and seven leiomyosarcomas. Staining quality was considered low or high intensity. Staining quantity was reported as negative 0%, 1% to 24%, 25% to 50%, and >50%. DEJ melanocyte PRAME expression was recorded.ResultsForty‐eight percent of NMSCs showed PRAME expression, mostly low intensity in fewer than 25% of cells. High‐intensity expression was noted in one poorly differentiated SCC, six BCCs, and seven MCCs. Only MCCs showed expression in greater than 25% of tumor cells. Focal DEJ melanocytes expressed high‐intensity PRAME in 18% of cases, most commonly SCCs (11/23).ConclusionsPRAME is negative or expressed with low intensity in a small percentage of NMSCs, with the exception of some MCC showing high‐intensity and diffuse staining. Focal DEJ melanocytes showed high‐intensity PRAME reactivity in the skin surrounding some NMSCs.
Spatial areas of genotype probability: Predicting the spatial distribution of adaptive genetic variants under future climatic conditions
Authors: Rochat Estelle , Selmoni Oliver , Joost Stéphane 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn a context of rapid global change, one of the key components for the survival of species is their genetic evolutionary potential for adaptation. Many methods have been developed to identify genetic variants underpinning adaptation to climate, but few tools were made available to integrate this knowledge into conservation management. We present here the SPatial Areas of Genotype probability (SPAG), a method to transpose the results of genotype–environment association studies into an evolutionary potential spatial prediction framework. We define a univariate model predicting the spatial distribution of a single‐locus adaptive genotype and three multivariate models allowing the integration of several adaptive loci in a composite genotype. Unlike existing methods, SPAGs provide (a) a flexible approach to combine loci under different types of intergenic relationships and (b) a cross‐validation framework to assess the pertinence of evolutionary potential predictions. SPAGs can be integrated with climate change projections to forecast the future spatial distribution of genotypes. The analysis of the mismatch between current and future SPAGs (“genomic offset”) makes it possible to identify vulnerable populations potentially lacking the adaptive genotypes necessary for future survival. We tested the SPAG approach on a simulated population and applied it to characterize the evolutionary potential of 161 Moroccan goats to bioclimatic conditions. We identified seven regions of the Moroccan goat genome strongly associated with the precipitation seasonality and used the SPAG approach to predict the evolutionary potential. We then forecasted the shift in SPAGs under a strong climate change scenario and uncovered the goat populations likely to be threatened in future conditions. The SPAG methodology is an efficient and flexible tool to characterize the evolutionary potential across a landscape and to transpose evolutionary information into conservation frameworks.
Idea Facilitation—A Tool for Experience and Service Innovation
Authors: Shahid Hina 
Published: March 2021

Product and service innovation does not happen in isolation; it requires a cross‐functional team—most of whom are not designers and may not even be familiar with design practices. In digital product or service offering, more often than not the core team developing/enhancing product consists of multiple functions—from design and engineering to marketing and sales, with little or no familiarity with design processes and practices such as creative ideation. In such cases, ideation becomes a platform for groupthink and corporate inertia, deterring lateral thinking and innovation.Hence, a structured approach to idea facilitation can help achieve the maximum opportunities availed by ideation sessions: innovative experience and service ideas. Structured ideation frameworks can discourage linear thinking and encourage teams to think strategically and laterally—by switching perspectives, identifying multiple points of view, challenging assumptions, and contextualizing problems.This paper provides a number of idea facilitation frameworks that enable creative and innovative outcomes when working with a multifunctional team—with design and nondesign professionals with various levels of product–service development experience. These frameworks bridge the gap between insights and strategy and create conditions necessary for creative and lateral thinking. Additionally, it provides best practices to help operationalize idea management.
Is there help indeed, if there is help in need? The case of credit unions during the global financial crisis
Authors: Aghabarari Leila , Guettler Andre , Naeem Mahvish , Van Doornik Bernardus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCredit unions (CUs) may respond to a financial shock differently than other types of banks because of their unique membership‐based governance structure. We exploit the financial crisis of 2008/09 as a negative shock to Brazilian banks and analyze the lending behavior of CUs in comparison to non‐CUs and the subsequent effects on the commercial clients' labor force. We find that during the financial crisis, CUs tightened their members' access to credit to a lesser extent (insurance effect) than did other bank types. Notably, the labor market impact of the insurance effect of CUs is positive for very small firms.
Automatic analysis of integrated magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography images improves the accuracy of detection of focal cortical dysplasia type IIb lesions
Authors: Lin Yaoyun , Mo Jiajie , Jin Huiwen , Cao Xueliang , Zhao Yang , Wu Changjun , Zhang Kai , Hu Wenhan , Lin Zhiguo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe aimed to develop an efficient and objective pre‐evaluation method to identify the precise location of a focal cortical dysplasia lesion before surgical resection to reduce medication use and decrease the post‐operative frequency of seizure attacks. We developed a novel machine learning‐based approach using cortical surface‐based features by integrating MRI and metabolic PET to identify focal cortical dysplasia lesions. Significant surface‐based features of 22 patients with histopathologically proven FCD IIb lesions were extracted from PET and MRI images using FreeSurfer. We modified significant parameters, trained and tested the XGBoost model using these surface‐based features, and made predictions. We detected lesions in all 20 patients using the XGBoost model, with an accuracy of 91%. We used one‐way chi‐squared test to test the null hypothesis that the population proportion was 50% (p = 0.0001), indicating that our classification of the algorithm was statistically significant. The sensitivity, specificity, and false‐positive rates were 93%, 91%, and 9%, respectively. We developed an objective, quantitative XGBoost classifier that combined MRI and PET imaging features to locate focal cortical dysplasia. This automated method yielded better outcomes than conventional visual analysis and single modality quantitative analysis for surgical pre‐evaluation, especially in subtle or visually unidentifiable FCD lesions. This time‐efficient method would also help doctors identify otherwise overlooked details.
Comparative life cycle assessment of bio‐based insulation materials: Environmental and economic performances
Authors: Schulte Maximilian , Lewandowski Iris , Pude Ralf , Wagner Moritz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInsulation materials decrease the final energy consumption of buildings. In Germany, fossil and mineral insulations dominate the market despite numerous life cycle assessments (LCAs) showing that bio‐based insulations can offer environmental benefits. Evaluating the results of such LCAs is, however, complex due to a lack of comparability or costs considered. The objective of this study is comparing bio‐based insulations under equal conditions to identify the most environmentally friendly and cost‐efficient material. For this purpose, a comparative LCA and life cycle costing (LCC) were conducted from “cradle to grave” for four bio‐based and two nonrenewable insulations. The bio‐based insulation materials evaluated were wood fiber, hemp fiber, flax, and miscanthus. The nonrenewable insulations were expanded polystyrene (EPS) and stone wool. Key data for the LCA of the bio‐based insulations were obtained from preceding thermal conductivity measurements under ceteris paribus conditions. Eighteen environmental impact categories were assessed, and direct costs were cumulated along the life cycle. Results show that the most environmentally friendly bio‐based insulation materials were wood fiber and miscanthus. A hotspot analysis found that, for agriculturally sourced insulations, cultivation had the largest environmental impact, and for wood fiber insulation, it was manufacturing. The use phase (including installation) constituted a cost hotspot. The environmental impacts of end‐of‐life incineration were strongly influenced by the fossil components of the materials. Overall, bio‐based insulations were more environmentally friendly than EPS and stone wool in 11 impact categories. The LCC found EPS and miscanthus insulation to be most cost‐efficient, yet market integration of the latter is still limited. It can be concluded that miscanthus biomass is an environmentally and economically promising bio‐based insulation material. Comparability of the environmental performance of the bio‐based insulations was increased by applying the same system boundary and functional unit, the same impact assessment methodology, and the preceding ceteris paribus thermal conductivity measurements.
A standardized protocol improves testing rates for Helicobacter Pylori among inpatients with peptic ulcer disease
Authors: Heffley Jason D. , Zubarik Richard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite a strong link between Helicobacter Pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease (PUD), rates of testing for H. Pylori in hospitalized patients with PUD remain largely unexplored. We aimed to determine H. Pylori testing practices at our institution among inpatients with PUD, and to implement a protocol to improve testing rates.Materials and MethodsIn this quality improvement initiative, baseline H. Pylori testing practices were determined by analysis of historical data on 100 subsequent inpatients with PUD from January 2016 to June 2017 at a tertiary care hospital undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Subsequently, a division‐wide testing protocol was implemented, and data were analyzed from 43 consecutive inpatients with PUD from October 2019‐March 2020 to determine the protocol's effects.ResultsThe analysis of baseline testing practices showed a 57% testing rate for H. Pylori. Gastric biopsies were less likely to be performed during EGDs done outside the endoscopy unit (5.9% vs 32.7%, P = 0.001), outside of usual business hours (6.7% vs 24.3%, P = 0.04), and in cases where endoscopic therapy was administered (6% vs 32%, P = 0.02). After implementation of the new division‐wide testing protocol, testing rates increased to 93% (P < 0.001).ConclusionsLow baseline inpatient testing for H. Pylori represents a missed opportunity to test a substantial number of high‐risk patients with PUD. Implementation of a conceptually simple protocol aimed at increasing rates of gastric biopsy significantly improved testing rates in a prospective follow‐up. Widespread standardization of H. Pylori testing for inpatients with PUD may improve important patient outcomes related to complicated PUD.
BMIstatus and associations between affect, physical activity and anxiety amongU.S.children duringCOVID‐19
Authors: Alves Jasmin M. , Yunker Alexandra G. , DeFendis Alexis , Xiang Anny H. , Page Kathleen A. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBackgroundThere is concern regarding how the COVID‐19 pandemic may impact the psychological and physical health of children, but to date, studies on mental health during the pandemic in children are limited. Furthermore, unprecedented lifestyle stressors associated with the pandemic may aggravate the childhood obesity epidemic, but the role of BMI on child activity levels and psychological outcomes during COVID‐19 is unknown.ObjectivesWe investigated how emotional responses (positive/negative affect), physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours related to anxiety among U.S. children with healthy weight and overweight/obesity during the pandemic.MethodsSixty‐four typically developing children (63% girls, 53% healthy weight) aged 9 to 15 years completed two virtual visits during the height of ‘stay‐at‐home’ measures from April 22 to July 29, 2020. Children completed 24‐hours PA recalls, state portion of State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children and the 10‐item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children.ResultsIndependent of child BMI status, child anxiety scores were over five standard deviations greater than normative values from paediatric populations prior to the pandemic. Higher positive affect and PA were each associated with reduced anxiety levels in children with overweight/obesity, whereas higher positive affect was associated with reduced anxiety in children with healthy weight. Greater leisure screen time was associated with higher negative affect irrespective of child BMI status.ConclusionsThese associations highlight the potential mental health benefits of maintaining positive affect, engaging in PA and limiting leisure screen time for children during the pandemic and suggest that these associations may be particularly relevant for children with overweight/obesity.
Exploring restrictive measures using action research: A participative observational study by nursing staff in nursing homes
Authors: Bekkema Nienke , Niemeijer Alistair , Frederiks Brenda , de Schipper Clasien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimIn nursing homes, nursing staff have a key role in the use of restrictive measures. However, their active role in reducing restrictive measures has so far been limited. The aim of this study is to explore how and when the application of restrictive measures in nursing homes occurs including underlying factors, together with nursing staff.DesignParticipatory action research was chosen for a bottom‐up understanding of the use of restrictive measures.MethodTwo Dutch nursing homes participated in 2016/2017 with 18 nursing staff members in the action research team. Nursing staff carried out 33 observations followed by a reflective interview.ResultsNursing staff observed a wide range of restrictions, including restrictions in freedom of choice, not being able to go outside, not being in charge of medication, and a directive/unresponsive care attitude. Factors influencing restrictions included habits and institutionalization, cognitive ability of the resident, availability of personnel, and responsibility for safety. A responsive care attitude and raising awareness were seen as good practices to enhance freedom.ConclusionsBy taking a distant view on their work, nursing staff discovered a broad range of restrictions, including ‘less obvious’ restrictions. Active forms of learning may position nursing staff to discuss and reduce restrictive measures.ImpactWhat problem did the study address?: Restrictive measures are still common in nursing homes. Despite their key role in using restrictive measures, nursing staff's active role in research has been limited. What were the main findings?: By participating as researchers, nursing staff gained a broader perspective on restrictive measures. Many ‘less obvious’ restrictions were related to routines and institutionalization and were considered as eye opening by nursing staff. Where and on whom will the research have impact?: Active forms of learning such as observing and reflecting has the potential to position nursing staff as ‘agents of change’.
Buying and building success: Perceptions of organizational strategies for improvement
Authors: Gillath Omri , Crandall Christian S. , Wann Daniel L , White Mark H 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhat makes people like a team? We suggest and test here whether people’s perceptions of teams and organizations differ as a function of the strategy the teams pick on their way to success. Two main strategies are compared: (1) Development is a strategy focused on building and enhancing the abilities of current team members; and (2) Acquisition is a strategy focused on buying talent from outside the organization. Does the way to success matter? In other words, will the strategy a team endorse affects how much people like the team? In five studies (N = 1,672) we tested whether people prefer teams that were successful by being (a) built through long‐term development of team members or (b) bought by acquiring expensive personal developed elsewhere. Across the five studies, people preferred built teams over bought teams, including sport teams and law firms. Effort and group cohesion were more attributed to build than to bought teams. In a “mediators contest,” effort attributions proved most robust. People like built teams more than bought ones, mostly because they value the effort and hard work that built teams represent.
Proposal of a method for assessing combined flood risk reduction effect by hazard control measures and exposure reduction measures based on limited data
Authors: Itagaki Osamu , Bermudez Dayanara Bianca S. , Zemmoto Takanori , Ohara Miho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article verifies the applicability of an assessment method on flood risk reduction, combining and assessing hazard control measures and exposure reduction measures together. The method develops collated flood risk curves and uses limited data, so it is an approach which can be readily applied in developing countries, where an understanding of flood risk reduction measures are become increasingly important. The method was proposed as a result of studies conducted by the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan. When applying the method to a river improvement and relocation scheme with land mounding in Mindanao, the Philippines, the advantages and limitations of the method are considered.
Flood hazard mapping of Sangu River basin in Bangladesh using multi‐criteria analysis of hydro‐geomorphological factors
Authors: Zzaman Rashed Uz , Nowreen Sara , Billah Maruf , Islam Akm Saiful 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlood havoc during 2019 in the Sangu River basin caused widespread damage to residents, crops, roads, and communications in parts of hills in Bangladesh. Developing flood hazard maps can play an essential step in risks management. For this purpose, this study assessed 12 hydro‐geomorphological factors, namely, topographic wetness index, elevation, slope, extreme rainfall, land‐use and land‐cover, soil type, lithology, curvature, drainage density, aspect, height above the nearest drainage, and distance from streams. Maps prepared by individual application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytical Network Process (ANP) exhibit validation scores ranging from 0.77 to 0.79. It is found that the ANP‐based model under 1‐day maximum rainfall denotes a reliable hazard map presenting comparable accuracy to the field results. The hazard map under 100‐year return periods shows that a total of 0.71 million population living downstream is prone to “very high” flood because of its lowland morphology, mild slope, and high drainage density. Alarmingly, 39% of roads, 43% of farming lands, and 25% of education buildings are observed to lie in the highest flood‐prone area. Details on subdistrict level exposures have the potential to serve the decision‐makers and planners in site selection for flood management strategies and setting priorities for remedial measures.
Remarkable inhibition effects of afatinib alone or combining with paclitaxel in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Li‐Yan , Cheng Zhi‐Jian , Liu Zou , Wang Di , Zhang Na , Fan Zhi‐Lu , Cai Hong‐Qing , Zhang Yu , Cai Yan , Xu Xin , Wang Jin‐Hua , Du Guan‐Hua , Hao Jia‐Jie , Wang Ming‐Rong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimChemotherapy drugs do not work well in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and none of the targeted drugs have been applied in clinic. This study aims to identify effective targeted drugs and related biomarkers for the treatment of ESCC.MethodsThe effect of 40 Food and Drug Administration‐approved small‐molecule inhibitors was first tested in five ESCC cell lines. CCK8 assays and xenografts derived from ESCC cell lines were performed to evaluate the anti‐ESCC effects of inhibitors or chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to analyze the p‐EGFR expression in tissues. Western blot combining with gray analysis was conducted to detect the expression of interest protein. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assay were used to analyze apoptosis, cell cycle, and mitotic changes after drug treatment.ResultsAfatinib showed remarkable effects on inhibiting ESCC cells with higher expression of p‐EGFR. Results from combinatorial screening in ESCC cells expressing lower phosphorylation level of EGFR showed that paclitaxel and afatinib presented a significant synergistic inhibitory effect (P < 0.001). Molecular analysis revealed that paclitaxel sensitized afatinib by activating EGFR, and afatinib in combination with paclitaxel effectively blocked MAPK pathway and induced G2/M cell arrest and apoptosis that is an indicator of mitotic catastrophe.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that afatinib is an effective drug for patients with ESCC expressing higher phosphorylation level of EGFR. And for patients with lower p‐EGFR in tumors, paclitaxel in combination with afatinib might be a promising therapeutic strategy in ESCC.