bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of consuming cooked beans before a meal on post meal concentrations of gastrointestinal peptide hormones
Authors: Griffith Lisa , Tonstad Serena , Malik Neal , Paalani Michael , Bahjri Khaled , Haddad Ella 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCooked dry beans as a source of fiber and slow eating are factors linked to control of energy intake. We examined the effect of consuming 0.5 cups of beans 15 minutes before a meal on concentrations of gastrointestinal (GI) peptides.MethodsA randomized crossover design was used to measure GI peptide responses to 2 test meals in 26 healthy obese adults.Subjects consumed a standardized breakfast meal on each test day followed by 1 of 2 test lunch meals: Control (C) a meal incorporating 0.5 cups of cooked beans, and an isocaloric Beans Before (BB) a meal in which 0.5 cups of beans were consumed 15 minutes before the meal. Blood samples were obtained prior to the meal and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes following the consumption of the test meal and analyzed for unacylated ghrelin, acylated ghrelin, peptide YY, glucagon‐like peptide and oxyntomodulin by ELISA. The area under the curve (AUC; concentration*time) was evaluated using the trapezoidal method and compared using t‐tests.ResultsThe AUC for acylated ghrelin was significantly lower for the BB meal compared to the C meal with a mean (95% CI) 4.20 pg/L*min (2.60, 5.80) versus 6.05 pg/L*min (3.53, 8.57) (P=0.003); and that for glucagon‐like peptide 181 pmol/L*min (78, 285) for the BB meal versus 201 (96, 305) (P=0.02) for the C meal.ConclusionThe consumption of 0.5 cups of cooked beans before the meal acutely inhibited unacylated ghrelin and glucagon‐like peptide.Funded by the Lifestyle Centers of America.
The contribution of gastrointestinal appetite hormones to protein‐induced satiety
Authors: Astrup Arne , Belza Anita , Sørensen Mejse Quistorff , Ritz Christian , Holst Jens Juul , Rehfeld Jens Frederik 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the satiating effect of meals with varying meat‐based protein content and any dose‐effect on appetite‐regulating hormones and appetite ratings.DesignTwenty‐six men (age: 30.0±8.7y, BMI: 25.9±4.7kg/m2) participated in a 3‐way, randomized, double‐blind, crossover study. Test meals were isocaloric with 30E% fat and were: high protein (HP, 50E% protein), medium‐high protein (MHP, 25E% protein), and normal protein (NP, 14E% protein). Subjective appetite ratings and blood samples were assessed every half‐hour over 4 hours.ResultsMHP increased GLP‐1 by 10% (P=0.02), PYY by 7% (P=0.0002) and glucagon by 122% (P<0.0001) over NP. HP increased GLP‐1 by 20% (P<0.0001), PYY by 14% (P<0.0001) and glucagon by 53% (P<0.0001) for HP over NP. No dose‐dependent response was seen in CCK, GIP, ghrelin or insulin but differences were observed after intake of HP vs. NP (P<0.05). Satiety increased by 16% by HP and by 7% by MHP compared to NP (P<0.001). Ratings of fullness, hunger and prospective consumption were only different for HP compared to NP (P<0.0001). There was a dose‐dependent increase in composite appetite score (appetite suppression) (P<0.0001).ConclusionDose‐dependent effects of protein were found suggesting that the satiety hormones are partly responsible for the appetite suppressant effect of meat protein.The present study was funded by the Danish Meat Association.
Effects of Increased Dietary Protein at Breakfast on Appetite Control & Energy Intake Throughout the Day in Overweight ‘Breakfast Skipping’ Teen Girls
Authors: Leidy Heather J , Ortinau Laura C , Douglas Steve M , Hoertel Heather A 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo examine whether a higher‐protein (HP) vs. normal‐protein (NP) breakfast leads to daily improvements in appetite control and energy intake regulation in overweight ‘breakfast skipping’ (BS) girls.MethodsTwenty girls (age 19 ±1 y; BMI 28.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2; BS 6 ± 1 x/wk) randomly consumed 350 kcal breakfast meals containing NP cereals (15% Protein (13 g); 65% CHO; 20% Fat) or HP, egg and beef‐based foods (40% Protein (35 g); 40% CHO; 20% Fat) for 7 consecutive days. On day 7 of each pattern, a 10 h testing day was completed. At the onset of the respective breakfast, perceived appetite/satiety questionnaires and blood sampling were completed every 30 min. A standard lunch occurred 4 h post‐breakfast; an ad libitum dinner was consumed 4 h post‐lunch, and ad libitum snacks were packed out to be consumed at home throughout the evening.ResultsThe HP breakfast led to greater increases in perceived satiety, reductions in ghrelin, and increases in PYY responses vs. NP (p<0.05, all). HP breakfast also led to reduced snacking, particularly of foods high in fat vs. NP (energy content: 486 ± 84 vs. 621 ± 110 kcal; p=0.07; fat content: 17.4 ± 3.6 vs. 23.8 ± 4.4 g; p<0.05).ConclusionsA higher protein breakfast meal containing 35 g of protein improved appetite control, satiety, and reduced unhealthy snacking in ‘breakfast skipping’ overweight teenage girls. Support: Beef Checkoff & the American Egg Board/Egg Nutrition Center
The effect of sugars in solution on subjective appetite and short‐term food intake in normal weight boys
Authors: Van Engelen Marissa , Armstrong Tove , Rossiter Melissa , Eskritt Michelle , Bellissimo Nick 
Published: June 2021

The role of sugars in solution in regulating appetite and food intake (FI) has received little investigation in children. Therefore, we examined the effect of sugars solutions (200 kcal) containing glucose, high‐fructose corn syrup‐55 (HFCS‐55), and sucrose on appetite and FI compared to a sucralose control in 9–14 y old normal weight (NW) boys. NW boys (n=15) received in random order four equally sweetened solutions containing sucralose (0 kcal), glucose, HFCS‐55 or sucrose made up to 250 mL with water 2 h after a standardized breakfast. FI (mean kcal ± SEM) at an ad libitum pizza meal was measured 60 min later. Subjective appetite was measured at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. Compared to sucralose (1127 ± 56), glucose reduced FI by 18% (975 ± 58; P < 0.01), however, HFCS‐55 (1075 ± 65) and sucrose (1074 ± 81) failed to result in a statistically significant decrease in FI. Caloric compensation scores for glucose, HFCS‐55 and sucrose were 76%, 26% and 26% respectively. Fat‐mass correlated positively with FI (r = 0.75, P < 0.01). Change from baseline average appetite was higher after sucrose compared to all other treatments (P < 0.01). We conclude that glucose, when compared to the other sugars solutions, produces greater physiological effects on FI in NW boys. Grant Funding Source: MSVU New Investigator Award.Grant Funding Source: MSVU New Investigator Award
Short term effects of chewing gum on satiety and snack intake in healthy weight and obese women
Authors: Park Eunyoung , Thomas Sarah , Wuchner Brittany , Huang Yancui , Alandete Lourdes , Inuit Taichi , Kergoat Sophie , Edirisinghe Indika , Burton-Freeman Britt 
Published: June 2021

Previous research indicates that chewing gum (CG) after lunch can increase satiety ratings and reduce subsequent intake of sweet snacks in restrained women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CG in healthy weight (HW) and obese (OB) unrestrained women and to assess possible mechanisms of action. In a randomized, 2‐arm cross‐over study, 28 women (n=15 HW, n=13 OB) completed to test the effects of CG vs. no CG after a fixed lunch meal on post‐meal subjective satiety, snack intake, glucose, insulin and cholecystokinin (CCK). CG once per hour for 15 min for 3 hr after lunch, significantly suppressed hunger, desire to eat and prospective consumption and increased fullness in HW (p<0.001). CG suppressed desire to eat (p=0.0002) and prospective consumption (p=0.0008) in OB. Snack intake was marginally reduced by CG in HW (p=0.07) and this was specific to the sweet, high carbohydrate, low fat snack (p=0.01). Total daily energy intake was less after the CG condition compared to the non‐CG condition in HW (p=0.046). CCK was marginally enhanced by CG, but not significantly different (p=0.12). No remarkable differences for glucose or insulin responses after CG vs no‐CG were apparent. The results provide new insights about how non‐nutritive mastication impacts satiety in HW and OB women and offers new direction for future research to better understand the role of oral food processing.Supported by Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company
Modulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells on hepatic mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in dietary‐induced insulin resistance
Authors: Nyamandi Vongai Ziviso , Hughey Curtis , Johnsen Virginia , Virtanen Heidi , Hittel Dustin , Shearer Jane 
Published: June 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are thought to exert their effects in part by limiting oxidative stress. Of therapeutic interest are the effects of MSCs in insulin resistance, a cause of elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we analyzed the antioxidant activity of MSCs in the dietary‐induced insulin resistant C57BL6 model. Male mice were placed on either a chow (CH) or high fat (HFF, 60% kcal) diet for 18wk. Over a 6d period, mice received two serial injections of either murine serum or MSC enriched serum (2 million cells/injection, separated by 2d) via the tail vein. Analyses included cell survival, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, respirometry and levels of hepatic mitochondrial ROS production. HFF mice were obese (31±2g vs. 46±3g) and hyperglycemic. Results demonstrated no difference in glucose tolerance or insulin resistance with MSCs. Interestingly, MSCs did not alter the rate of ROS production in CH (H2O2 production: 0.68±0.14 pmol.min−1μg−1 in CH‐MSC vs. 0.63±0.11 pmol.min−1μg−1 in CH‐Serum) but significantly reduced mitochondrial ROS production in HFF (4.85±0.39 vs. 0.72±0.17 pmol.min−1μg−1). In conclusion, short‐term MSC treatment does not impact hyperglycemia but significantly reduces rates of hepatic mitochondrial ROS production. Results invite further exploration into the specific mechanisms by which MSCs reduce ROS in insulin resistant states.Support: HSF, CDA, AIHS
Vitamin D dose‐response study in breast fed infants from Montréal, Canada: 400 IU/day is sufficient to meet the plasma 25‐hydroxy vitamin D threshold of 50 nmol/L but not 75 nmol/L by 12 months of age
Authors: Gallo Sina , Rodd Celia , Vanstone Catherine , Agellon Sherry , Comeau Kathryn , Jones Glenville , L'Abbé Mary , Khamessan Ali , Sharma Atul , Weiler Hope 
Published: June 2021

The Adequate Intake of 400 IU/d of vitamin D was established by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to support 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations >50 nmol/L whereas, the Canadian Paediatric Society suggests 75–225 nmol/L. We aimed to identify a dosage of vitamin D which would support 25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/L in 97.5% of participants across infancy. Healthy, term infants (n=132) were randomized to oral supplements of 400, 800, 1200 or 1600 IU vitamin D3 daily from 1 to 12 mo of age and plasma 25(OH)D was measured (LC‐MS/MS; Warnex Inc.) (NCT00381914). The 1600 IU/d group was discontinued due to 25(OH)D concentrations >225 nmol/L. At each time point, logistic regression was used to test the effect of dose vs. 400 IU/d by ITT. Compared to the 400 IU group, dose significantly predicted (*) achieving ≥75 nmol/L, with odds ratios (CI) of 15(3–73) at 2 mo, 13(2–76) at 3 mo, 5(1–17) at 12 mo for 1200 IU/d and 16(2–128) for 1600 IU/d. By 3 mo, the 400 IU/dosage meet the IOM recommendation. If 75 nmol/L is the threshold, then dosages >400 IU/d may be necessary. Functional outcomes may be improved with 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/L.
Percent of infants ≥ 50 and 75 nmol/L by age and group compared to 400 IU/d at same time

Age (mo)
400 IU/d (n=39)
800 IU/d (n=39)
1200 IU/d (n=38)
1600 IU/d (n=16)

≥50
≥75
≥50
≥75
≥50
≥75
≥50
≥75

1
66
17
61
21
76
34
82
27

2
92
42
90
57
93
87*
92
77

3
97
55
97
81
96
93*
100
100

6
100
71
93
73
100
87
100
100

9
97
66
96
68
100
69
100
86

12
97
38
96
63
100
68*
100
83*

p<0.05.

Grant Funding Source : Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Nutricia Research Foundation
A prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of high‐dose vitamin D for prevention of vitamin D insufficiency in early stage chronic kidney disease
Authors: Alvarez Jessica A , Law Jennie , Coakley Kathryn , Wright Breanne , Hao Li , Ziegler Thomas R , Tangpricha Vin 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveVitamin D insufficiency [25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <30 ng/ml] is common in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), even in the earlier stages. We aimed to determine if high‐dose vitamin D3 could prevent vitamin D insufficiency in early stage CKD (stage 2 and 3).Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol 50,000 IU per wk for 12 wks followed by 50,000 IU every other wk for the remainder of the yr compared to placebo, ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT00781417). Serum 25(OH)D and PTH were measured at baseline, 12 wks, and 52 wks.Results48 subjects were enrolled. At baseline, 57% of patients were vitamin D insufficient. In the vitamin D group, insufficiency rates decreased to 20% and 14% at 12 and 52 wks, respectively, and were lower (P<0.05) than the placebo group (77% and 47% at 12 and 52 wks, respectively). Mean serum 25(OH)D increased from 26.7 ± 6.8 to 42.8 ± 16.9 ng/ml in the D group at 12 wks (P<0.05) and remained elevated at 1 year. PTH decreased in the D group by 12 wks (−16.9 ± 30.3 pg/ml, P<0.05). 25(OH)D or PTH did not change in the placebo group.ConclusionsOur high‐dose vitamin D3 treatment strategy for 1 yr was sufficient to improve and maintain optimal 25(OH)D concentrations in the majority of subjects with early stage CKD. Further study should assess the impact of early vitamin D therapy on other clinical outcomes.Grant Funding Source : Emory, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, T32 DK007298‐31
Transcriptional regulation of the Tocopherol Transfer Protein
Authors: Ulatowski Lynn , Dreussi Cara , Manor Danny 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin E is a family of neutral plant lipids of which RRR α‐tocopherol (tocopherol) is selectively retained in the body and thus is considered the most biologically active form. Tocopherol's ability to scavenge free radicals defines tocopherol as the major lipid‐soluble antioxidant in humans. Tocopherol's essential function in humans has been recognized for decades, as well as its specific role in protecting cells from oxidative stress‐related damage. Low tocopherol levels were found to associate with increased risk for oxidative stress‐related diseases, like Alzheimer's and cardiovascular disease. Tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) is a cytosolic protein that facilitates intracellular transfer of tocopherol and maintains whole body vitamin E status. Mutations in TTP result in the heritable disease ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED; OMIM #600415), characterized by progressive spinocerebellar ataxia and very low vitamin E levels. Despite the well‐documented role of TTP in maintaining normal tocopherol status, the mechanisms that regulate transcription of the TTPA gene are unknown. Our study found that expression of the TTPA gene in immortalized human hepatocytes is significantly enhanced upon treatment with chemical agonists of the transcription factors PPARδ, RXR, and CREB, as well as by H2O2 and a hypoxia mimetic. We also cloned a 2 Kb proximal region of the human TTP promoter, and used it to drive expression of a reporter construct. Promoter “bashing” experiments revealed distinct sites of transcriptional repression and activation. Finally, we show that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have profound impact on the transcriptional activity of the cloned TTP promoter. These findings may explain altered responses to vitamin E supplementation in human clinical trials. Taken together, our results suggest that TTP is indeed transcriptionally regulated and this regulation may have a profound effect on vitamin E status in humans.Grant Funding Source : T32DK07319 and RO1DK067494
Using the phenylalanine (PHE) stable isotope pulse method to measure intracellular protein breakdown and metabolic shunting in the context of sepsis in the pig
Authors: Ten Have Gabriella A , Engelen Marielle P , Wolfe Robert R , Deutz Nicolaas E 
Published: June 2021

To develop an easy applicable clinical method to measure protein metabolism, we tested the PHE stable isotope pulse method (PULSE) and compared the results with a simultaneously performed primed‐continuous infusion protocol (CONTI) during sepsis in pigs with stimulated whole body protein breakdown (WbRa).12 pigs with Pseudomonas aeroginosa induced hyperdynamic sepsis and 8 controls were studied 17h after start. WbRa CONTI with L‐[13C6]PHE and WbRa‐PULSE with L‐[15N]PHE. Plasma PHE enrichment by LC‐MS, WbRa‐CONTI = I/TTR, compartmental analysis (SAAM II) PULSE. Data (mean (SE)); stats (Prism).WbRa‐CONTI was 22% higher in septic pigs {924 (23) to 1130 (46) nmol/kg BW/min} (p=0.0032), while WbRa‐PULSE 36% {1722 (66) to 2342 (191); p=0.0164}. Sepsis show a substantial expansion of pool 1 and 2 and metabolic shunting (pool 2><1), while intracellular PB increased 31% {2620 (82) to 3425 (305); p=0.0426}. Ra‐PULSE relates to intracellular PB (p<0.0001) and Ra‐CONTI to Ra‐PULSE (P<0.001).Changes in Ra‐CONTI reflect intracellular PB with high sensitivity. PULSE in addition shows that sepsis in the pig is related to a substantial increase in metabolic shunting in relation to expansion of the pools (probably intra‐ and extracellular). It is suggested that the CONTI method can be replaced with the easy applicable PULSE method that also provides additional information about intracellular fluxes and breakdown.
Radical hysterectomy teaching module with a three‐dimensional digital model of the female pelvis
Authors: Dunnigan Samantha Kay , Nguyen Hai M , Johnson Marjorie 
Published: June 2021

Performing radical hysterectomy requires thorough knowledge of pelvic anatomy, which is complex and difficult to visualize. The goal of this project is to create a teaching tool to enable surgeons worldwide to improve their understanding of pelvic anatomy, leading to less invasive procedures and better patient outcomes. The pelvic model was created using AMIRA, a 3D segmentation and surface‐rendering program. Anatomical areas of interest were labeled on consecutive 2D slices from the Visible Human Project, which were then reassembled to form a 3D model and incorporated into animated videos. An animated instructional program based on radical hysterectomy was created, which includes rotational viewing, real‐life video, clinical narration, correlated imaging, labeling and a glossary. The glossary standardizes anatomic and surgical terminology to help overcome language barriers when training doctors whose native language is not English. Due to the detail, ease of use and versatility, this tool will be an excellent resource for surgeons training to perform radical hysterectomy, allowing for better patient outcomes especially in developing countries where this technology was not previously available.Grant Funding Source: Ontario Graduate Scholarship
Integration of anatomy, literature research skills and clinical practice through a peer‐teaching and peer‐assessment exercise at pre‐clinical level in an undergraduate medical course
Authors: Filgueira Luis , Eppler Elisabeth 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this educational project was to explore the feasibility of enhancing clinical anatomy teaching in an undergraduate medical course by engaging a sub‐group of advanced preclinical students (n=54/186) in providing lecture material as a group presentation (n= 3). Focussing on specific syndromes or diseases, the aims of the educational exercise were to enhance knowledge in clinical anatomy, but also to integrate anatomy with clinical topics. Additional educational aims were to train and enhance literature research, team work, oral communication and presentation skills, as well as to engage students in peer‐teaching and peer‐assessment exercises.The lectures were recorded for revision purpose and the content tested using a multiple choice exam at the end of semester. The group presentations were assessed by the peers. Additional self and teacher assessment of the presentations was done.At the end of semester, students’ perception of this educational exercise was assessed through an online questionnaire. In addition, marks of peer, self and teacher assessment, as well as final marks for this and other units were statistically analysed to evaluate for the sub‐group and the whole class whether this educational exercise enhanced the average student outcome.Study evaluation indicates that the described educational exercise is feasible and valued by the students.
Curricular Integration: Not what we are bringing together, but who
Authors: Hopkins Robin 
Published: June 2021

Across the professions (nursing, teaching, engineering, medicine, law, etc.) there is a call for early training to be taught in a way that is more relevant to practice in the field. National reports making recommendations on the future training of professionals emphasize the integration of classroom‐based knowledge with practice‐based knowledge. In medical education the call is for the basic medical sciences, which are typically taught by basic scientists in the university setting during the first two years of medical school, to be integrated with the context of clinical practice. The implementation of integration is presented as curricular change, with the assumption of relatively unproblematic collaboration between basic scientists and physicians to teach medicine in clinically relevant ways. One implication of such reform is that basic scientists, more than clinicians, will be required to change their former ways of knowing, teaching, and assessing performance in the basic sciences. This is not trivial, as it involves not only their sense of competency, but also their very identity as professionals and academics. Drawing from the literature on educational change, in the context of anatomy education, this presentation will introduce a conceptual framework that will help us better think about and investigate the experience of making such a shift in professional competence and identity for anatomists.Grant Funding Source : UBC Four Year Fellowship
Anatomy Education through Dissection and Peer Teaching: Special Dissections of the Head and Neck
Authors: Koba Alexandra M. , Johnson Laura , Babin Kathryn P. 
Published: June 2021

Special dissections of the head and neck were performed in the context of an undergraduate human anatomy course to enhance the human anatomy curriculum through peer teaching dissection and the use of learning aide's created by the students. The purpose of peer teaching of dissection in the undergraduate setting was to present an entirely unique approach where the students themselves can re‐create and advance a hemi and coronal section of the head and neck, along with intricate dissections of the ears, eyes, and oral cavity. The dissections allowed a regional approach for students to think critically and allow different types of learners to complement each other's problem solving skills. Students were able to manipulate and understand how various systems overlap in the head and neck and therefore be able to visualize internal structures. A step‐by‐step dissection manual was created where new dissections and techniques were recorded and often referenced. The use of this study tool and peer teaching of dissections has been a powerful means of advancing the undergraduate anatomy curriculum and learning anatomy as a dynamic basis for future pre‐clinical studies.Grant Funding Source : Grant‐in‐Aide‐of‐Research, GIAR, Administered by Sigma‐Xi, the Scientiific Research Society, San Francisco State University IRA Grant.