bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Networks do not float freely: (Dis)entangling the politics of Tamil diaspora inclusion in development governance
Authors: Craven Catherine Ruth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractScholarship on diaspora engagement strategies has suggested that such strategies are embedded either in binary state‐diaspora relations, or global structures of domination. This paper builds on the idea that diaspora engagement is contextually embedded but complicates the understanding of this context, by moving beyond structuralist or state‐centric models. It draws on a range of relational theories, to suggest that diaspora engagement strategies in the development field are contextually embedded in complex entanglements of power relations. Data from a multi‐method study of the Tamil diaspora in Toronto, from 2009 to 2018, reveals that inclusion in these diaspora engagement strategies is shaped by an entanglement of power relations, which include social networks, and legitimacy claims in overlapping cultural fields, but also spatial relations, whereby geography and material resources are often‐overlooked dimensions of this space.
Delineating the corporate elite: Inquiring the boundaries and composition of interlocking directorate networks
Authors: Huijzer M. Jouke , Heemskerk Eelke M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCorporate elite studies have for long investigated networks of interlocking directorates to test and corroborate key theoretical expectations regarding the cohesive organization of such an elite and their ability and willingness to act on behalf of general business interests. These studies typically collect data on a list of 50, 100, 200 or 500 corporations ranked by economic size, sometimes stratified in sectors. The sampling approach often follows previous studies in order to increase comparability. These relatively arbitrary sampling practices are problematic because they impact the empirical results and our therefore the conclusions drawn from it. Using a sample of 3251 Canada‐based corporations, we establish that indeed different sampling criteria – that is sample size, proportion of financial firms, inclusion of state‐owned enterprises and so on – significantly impacts network properties of corporate elite networks. We establish rather disturbing differences, especially for smaller sample sizes (<100). Subsequently, we develop alternative demarcation criteria of the corporate elite based on ak‐core decomposition. We conclude by emphasizing that the sampling decisions in interlocking directorate studies should much more be carefully be thought through in future research on the topic, both in corporate elite studies and beyond.
Qualitative network analysis for migration studies: Beyond metaphors and epistemological pitfalls
Authors: Ryan Louise , Dahinden Janine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this introductory article, we as guest editors set out the key ambitions and arguments of the Special Issue and highlight our contribution to social network research within migration studies. We argue that social network analysis has the potential to address epistemological pitfalls in migration research especially in overcoming the metaphoric use of networks as well as nation‐state and ethnicity‐centred epistemologies. Moreover, we suggest that adopting a qualitative approach to social networks not only changes how we research networks but also what we understand them to be. While seeking to go beyond metaphors and delve into the tool box of SNA, in order to gain deeper understandings of social networks, we argue that this cannot mean purely quantitative research techniques. We draw upon the early roots of social network research, within anthropology, to find inspiration and consider the contribution of qualitative approaches to analysing dynamic social relationships and to including neglected aspects like meaning making and agency. Adopting a reflexive approach enables us to de‐migranticise our research turning the role of migration and ethnicity for social networks into an empirical question rather than taking them as an essentialist starting point for investigation.The Special Issue brings together an integrated set of articles drawn from a social networks and migration symposium. Using qualitative and mixed methods approaches, these articles focus on a diverse range of geographical and social contexts. In so doing, the authors offer new methodological and epistemological insights into migrants’ social networks.
The effects of manual therapy and exercises on pain, muscle strength, joint health, functionality and quality of life in haemophilic arthropathy of the elbow joint: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Tat Ayse Merve , Can Filiz , Tat Necati Muhammed , Sasmaz Hatice Ilgen , Antmen Ali Bulent 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionEffective physiotherapy interventions are required for haemophilic arthropathy (HA) of the elbow due to its biomechanical differences and contribution to upper limb functionality.AimTo investigate the effects of manual therapy & exercises on bleeding frequency, pain, range of motion (ROM), strength, joint health, functionality and quality of life (QoL) in HA of the elbow.MethodsSeventeen participants with HA of the elbow were randomized as Manual Therapy & Exercises Group (MTEG = 9) and Home Exercises Group (HEG = 8). Soft tissue mobilization, joint traction (grade I‐II) and Mulligan's mobilization with movement as manual therapy, and stretching/strengthening exercises were applied to MTEG, while HEG had only same exercises as home programme. The interventions lasted 3 days/weekly for 5 weeks. Bleeding frequency was evaluated with patients’ records; pain with Numeric Pain Scale; ROM with goniometer; strength with digital dynamometer; joint health with HJHS; functionality with Quick‐Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire; and QoL with Oxford Elbow Score.ResultsBleeding frequency and activity pain were decreased, while elbow ROMs and flexor strength were increased in MTEG (P ˂ 0.05). Also significantly improvements were seen in joint health, functionality and QoL in MTEG. HEG showed improvements in activity pain, QoL and some ROMs. MTEG had better results in ROMs, joint health and functionality (P ˂ 0.05).ConclusionManual therapy & exercises may be used without causing bleeding and pain to increase the functionality, joint health and QoL, and is superior to home exercise for joint health and functionality. Home exercises may be ameliorated in pain, QoL and some ROMs.
Evaluation of epidemiology, clinical features, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 in West Azerbaijan Province
Authors: Gharebaghi Naser , Farshid Saman , Boroofeh Behdad , Nejadrahim Rahim , Mousavi Jalil , Dindarian Sina , Mohammadi Sedra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 is considered a widespread concern in global public health. Diagnoses of COVID‐19 in some cases are necessary because of severe prognosis. In this study, epidemiologies, clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with COVID‐19 were studied in Taleghani Hospital, Urmia, Iran.MethodsThis descriptive‐analytical cross‐sectional study was carried out on 215 patients with COVID‐19 during March and April 2020. Approved COVID‐19 case was considered as a person with a positive respiratory sample performed by at least one of two RT‐PCR methods or genetic sequencing. ANOVA repeated measure, independent t‐test and logistic regression were done. A P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 50.93 ± 17.92 years. Regarding gender, there were 91 females (42.3%) and 124 males (57.7%). The mean hospital stay, the temperature at admission, and onset of symptoms were 4.91 ± 3.68 days, 37.40 ± 0.96°C and 5.88 ± 4.80 days, respectively. Close contact with suspected people was found in 10.2% of patients. Additionally, 44 patients (20.5%) were smokers. Shortness of breath and cough were found in 62.8% and 49.3% of patients. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most common comorbidities of patients. Regarding lung involvement, 33 patients (33%) were normal, most of the patients (n = 71) had 5%‐25% involvement in their lung and a minority of patients (n = 13) had a severe condition of 50%‐75% lung involvement. The association between smoking and mortality was tested using chi‐square showing no significant difference (X2:2.959, P = .085). There was no significant difference between AST, ALT, ALP, total, direct Bilirubin, lung involvement and suffering from fever (P > .05). High Spo2 can increase the chance of recovery by 24% with each unit reduction. Kidney involvement increases the chance of death by about 80% (95% CI: 0.104‐0.013). The odds ratio of spo2 for recovery of COVID‐19 was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.014‐1.528; P = .037). Kaletra with odds ratio of 31.960 had the most highest effect on recovery following COVID‐19 (P = .043).ConclusionCOVID‐19 involves different organs of the body with different severity. In the meantime, smoking was not a risk factor for the virus or associated with severe manifestations of the disease. Patients with high creatinine and CPK, pulmonary involvement above 25%, and hypoxemia had a higher mortality rate. Increase of Spo2 by 1% can improve the patients by 24%. The results indicated that Kaletra had the most highest effect on improvement following COVID‐19.
Physical activity behaviour and screen time in Dutch children during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Pre‐, during‐ and post‐school closures
Authors: ten Velde Gabrielle , Lubrecht Judith , Arayess Lisanne , van Loo Christiana , Hesselink Marijn , Reijnders Dorien , Vreugdenhil Anita 
Published: February 2021

SummaryBackgroundMeasures during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including the closure of schools and sports facilities, may have lasting impact on the physical activity (PA) of children that persists for a long time.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of COVID‐19 measures on screen time and PA in Dutch children pre‐, during‐ and post‐school closures.MethodsIn cohort A (n = 102, 10.5 ± 3.6 years, 42.4% boys), data on PA and screen time during the lockdown were collected using a questionnaire. In cohort B (n = 131, 10.2 ± 0.9 years, 43.5% boys), data on PA and screen time were collected using a questionnaire and accelerometry 1 year before and after school closure.ResultsIn cohort A, 62% reported less total PA. Self‐reported screen time on week days increased 34 ± 105 min/d during the lockdown. In cohort B, sedentary time as measured by accelerometry, increased by 45 ± 67 min/d and only 20% reached PA levels of 60 min/d compared to 64% in May 2019. Self‐reported screen time increased by 59 ± 112 min/d and 62 ± 130 min/d during week and weekend days, respectively.ConclusionsChildren were less physically active, and screen time was higher during and after the school closures due to the COVID‐19 lockdown. This is alarming as an active lifestyle in children is crucial in preventing chronic diseases such as obesity.
Factors associated with family functioning in patients with heart failure and their family members: An international cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shamali Mahdi , Konradsen Hanne , Svavarsdottir Erla K. , Shahriari Mohsen , Ketilsdottir Audur , Østergaard Birte 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe and compare family functioning, family health, and perceived social support from nurses and to identify the variables that are associated with family functioning in patients with heart failure (HF) and their family members in Denmark, Iran, and Iceland.DesignAn international multi‐centre cross‐sectional study.MethodsA sample of 1382 participants (692 patients and 690 family members) from Denmark, Iceland, and Iran were included from January 2015 to May 2020. Data were collected using the Family Functioning, Health, and Social Support questionnaire.ResultsThe significant factors associated with family functioning in patients were country, New York Heart Association classification (NYHA), education level, age, family health, social support, and there was a significant interaction effect between NYHA class and gender. The significant factors associated with family functioning in family members were country, education level, work status, family health, and there was a significant interaction effect between education and work status.ConclusionThis study indicated that the strongest factor associated with higher family functioning was family health for both patients and family members. Women in NYHA class I and younger patients and those with an academic education had a lower level of family functioning. Moreover, unemployed family members with an elementary education and family members with elementary and high school educations who were self‐employed or employees had a lower level of family functioning.ImpactThis is the first international study to investigate family functioning, family health, and social support and adds to the literature on the factors associated with family functioning in patients with HF and their family members. Our findings may help nurses to identify the most vulnerable families living with HF, thereby being able to provide special support to enhance their family functioning to promote self‐management strategies.
His–Purkinje system longitudinal dissociation: From bench to bedside. A case of output‐dependent fascicular capture
Authors: Marinaccio Leonardo , Vetta Francesco , Ignatiuk Barbara , Giacopelli Daniele , Patrassi Luigia A. , Marchese Domenico 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction: Histological studies reported that the His bundle (HB) is partitioned into narrow cords by collagen running in its long axis, providing the anatomical setting necessary for its longitudinal dissociation. Further confirmations came from the demonstration that direct HB pacing normalizes the QRS axis and duration in subjects with proximal HB lesions causing bundle branch block. However, there is no evidence of the possibility of selective HB partitions pacing destined to the composition of branches and fascicles.Methods and Results: We describe a case of intra‐Hisian left bundle branch block in which permanent distal HB pacing corrects left ventricular delay and produces different QRS morphology at different voltage outputs, as an expression of different selective HB compartments recruitment.Conclusion: This case would strengthen the limited data in the literature about HB longitudinal dissociation.
Use of the inverse solution guidance algorithm method for RF ablation catheter guidance
Authors: Lv Wener , Barrett Conor D. , Arai Tatsuya , Bapat Aneesh , Armoundas Antonis A. , Cohen Richard J. , Lee Kichang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe previously introduced the inverse solution guidance algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re‐entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model.MethodsVentricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid‐myocardial level (Type‐1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type‐2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type‐3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target.ResultsThe average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing approximately 35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system's accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after four catheter movements in the Type‐1 experiment, 0.48 cm after six movements in the Type‐2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after seven movements in the Type‐3 experiment.ConclusionWe demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro‐anatomic mapping.
Lead damage after cardiac implantable device replacement procedure: Comparison between electrical plasma tool and electrocautery
Authors: Ananwattanasuk Teetouch , Jamé Sina , Bogun Frank M. , Chugh Aman , Crawford Thomas C. , Cunnane Ryan , Ghanbari Hamid , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Lathkar‐Pradhan Sangeeta , Oral Hakan , Pelosi Frank , Saeed Mohammed , Jongnarangsin Krit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLead damage is a complication caused by lead manipulation or heating damage from conventional electrocautery (EC) after cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) replacement. Application of electrical plasma (PEAK PlasmaBlade) is a new technology that reportedly reduces this risk.ObjectivesThis study was designed to compare the effect of EC versus PEAK PlasmaBlade on lead parameters and complications after generator replacement procedures.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 410 consecutive patients (840 leads) who underwent CIED replacement using EC (EC group) and 410 consecutive patients (824 leads) using PEAK PlasmaBlade (PlamaBlade group). Pacing lead impedance, incidence of lead damage, and complications were compared between both groups.ResultsLead impedance increased in 393 leads (46.8%) in the EC group versus 282 leads (34.2%) in the PlasmaBlade group (p < .01) with average percent changes of 6.7% and 4.0% (p < .01), respectively. Lead impedance decreased in 438 leads (52.1%) in the EC group versus 507 leads (61.5%) in the PlasmaBlade group (p < .01) with average percent changes of −5.7% and −7.1% (p < .01), respectively. Lead damage requiring lead revision occurred in five leads (0.6%) or after five procedures (1.2%) in the EC group compared to three leads (0.4%, p = .50) or after three procedures (0.7%, p = .48) in the PlasmaBlade group. There were no significant differences in the procedural‐related complications between the EC group (nine patients, 2.2%) and the PlasmaBlade group (five patients, 1.2%, p = .28).ConclusionConventional electrocautery can potentially damage lead insulations. However, this study shows that when used carefully electrocautery is as safe as the PEAK PlasmaBlade™.
QTc shortening effect of ganglionated plexi ablation
Authors: Aksu Tolga , Bozyel Serdar , Yalin Kivanc , Tanboga Ibrahim H. , Gopinathannair Rakesh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn previous studies, patients undergoing ablation of ganglionated plexi (GPA) for vagally mediated bradyarrhythmias were noted to have shortening of their corrected QT interval (QTc).AimsTo compare the effects of GPA (group 1) to pulmonary vein isolation + GPA (group 2) on QTc.Material and MethodsWe enrolled 39 patients, n = 25 in group 1 and n = 14 in group 2. QTc was calculated at baseline, at 24 h after ablation, and at 9‐12 months in the follow‐up. Recurrent syncope, asystole >2 s, and/or second‐ or third‐degree AVB episodes were carefully documented as the primary outcome in group 1. Any atrial arrhythmia ≥30 seconds documented on 24‐h Holter monitoring was defined as the primary outcome in group 2.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 14.9 ± 4 months. Acute success was achieved in all cases. In whole cohort, a significant shortening on QTcBazett, QTcFramingham, QTcFredericia, and QTcHodges was observed [416 vs 398ms (p = .002), 411vs 378 ms (p < .001), 412 vs 379ms (p < .001), and 420 vs 383ms (p < .001), respectively]. In the linear mixed model analysis, the longitudinal reduction tendency in the QTc level was more pronounced in group 1. Event‐free survival was detected in 90.7% (59/65) of cases.DiscussionOur results demonstrate a significant shortening of QTc in addition to high medium‐term success rates after GPA. Pulmonary vein isolation + GPA was associated with lower QTc shortening effect which implies structural disease may change electrophysiological response to ablation. The most likely mechanism is the effect of GPA on the sympathetic system.
Thermal effects in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) F1 embryos (farmed female × wild thermal‐resistant male)
Authors: Crichigno Sonia A. , Orellana Mabel , Larraza Rodrigo , Mirenna Guillermo , Cussac Víctor E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the response of rainbow trout embryos (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (i.e., survival, size at hatching, time to hatching, malformations) to four incubation temperatures (5.8, 8.9, 14.0 and 16.8°C), taking into account the origin of the male parental genome and comparing pure farmed and F1 embryos (farmed female × wild thermal‐resistant male). Several consequences of thermal stress were observed: lower accumulated thermal units (ATU) at hatching at high temperatures, and lower survival, shorter hatched free embryos and less‐consumed yolk sac at extreme temperatures. The effect of the thermal‐adapted male parental genome was shown only in the lower percentage of incompletely hatched free embryos in the F1 families. It appears that to obtain greater modification of thermal performance during early development, the adapted genome of the wild thermal‐resistant population has to be included through maternal inheritance, thus producing a stabilized strain selected for domesticity, growth and thermal adaptation.
Application of artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: Potential role in clinical practice
Authors: Kuo Chen‐Ya , Chiu Han‐Mo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) based on deep learning boosted medical research in the past years and is expected to enormously change the style of health care in many aspects in the foreseeable future. Nowadays, there are exploding volumes of healthcare‐related data being generated daily. Because of its time‐sensitive characteristics, being able to process large amounts of data in real‐time fashion is crucial in healthcare settings. In gastroenterology practice, AI can manage and interpret the sheer amount of data with different formats coming from a myriad of sources, including currently used endoscopic or imaging devices, digital record systems, and electronic health records, or from other sources such as governmental databases, social media, or wearable devices over a long period. Traditional gastroenterology is nowadays beginning to transform to a new personalized, predictive, and preventive paradigm. Evidence‐based practices and recent studies are coming out every day, and big data‐based approaches and the progress in basic sciences and its emerging applications are now becoming the indispensable part of precision medicine. In gastroenterology, AI can be applied in disease diagnosis, treatment guidance, outcome prediction, and reducing workload of the healthcare staff. As the healthcare community begins to embrace AI technology, how to seamlessly construct an interoperable platform to accommodate data with high variety and veracity with high velocity and implement AI in the clinical workflow would be the future challenges.
The prevention of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older adults
Authors: Coll Patrick P. , Phu Steven , Hajjar Samah H. , Kirk Ben , Duque Gustavo , Taxel Pam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOsteoporosis and sarcopenia are common in older adults. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Bone fractures can result in changes in posture, pain, the need for surgical repair and functional impairment. Sarcopenia is the progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and/or physical performance. Older adults with sarcopenia experience increased risk of frailty, disability, hospitalizations, mortality, and a reduced quality of life. In this narrative review we provide guidance regarding the prevention of both osteoporosis and sarcopenia, including interventions that prevent both conditions from occurring, recommended screening and treatment to prevent progression.