bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary examination of an insanity defense typology: Prevalence rates and correlates
Authors: Brown Kimberly P. , Wood Mary Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present investigation was designed to systematically examine the insanity defense typology proposed by Brown (2018) using a large sample of cases wherein there was support for the insanity defense. A total of 187 court‐ordered cases in which an insanity defense was supported were categorized based on the typology. The sample comprised of mostly single, middle‐aged males who had been charged with a felony and diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. About half the sample was ultimately adjudicated not guilty by reason of insanity by the court. About two‐thirds of the cases were categorized into one of the seven insanity defense subtypes using a coding scheme developed by the author of the typology. Inter‐rater agreement occurred 82% of the time. The most frequent subtype was Paranoid Self‐Defense, followed by “But It's Mine” and Paranoid Protection of Others. There were few differences among these subtypes based on demographic, clinical, offense, and outcome variables, except for presence of a primary psychotic disorder and offense type. Implications and ideas for future research are discussed.
The health and wellbeing of transgender and gender non‐conforming people of colour in the United States: A systematic literature search and review
Authors: Farvid Panteá , Vance Thomas A. , Klein Samantha L. , Nikiforova Yekaterina , Rubin Lisa R. , Lopez Felix G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransgender and gender non‐conforming people (TGNC), individuals whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth, experience unique stressors, discrimination, and barriers to health and wellbeing. TGNC People of Colour (POC) navigate the nexus of racism, cisgenderism (and often homophobia) in their daily lives, resulting in uniquely intersecting forms of discrimination, and pronounced disparities in their health and well‐being. In order to examine the current state of knowledge about the health and wellbeing of TGNC POC, we conducted a systematic search and review of peer‐reviewed journal articles published between 1 January 2010 and 1 May 2020 that focused on this population. A systematic search identified (3,575) papers, with 76 of those meeting full inclusion criteria. In our review, we were able to identify physical health and psychological wellbeing (which included resilience), as core clusters of research focused on TGNC POC. We identified specific factors that hindered physical and psychological health (what we call “push” factors) as well as those that promoted it (what we call “pull” factors). Leveraging these findings, we offer ways forward for best practice in clinical work and carrying out research with this population. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
The Innate Immune Glycoprotein Lactoferrin Represses the Helicobacter pylori cag Type IV Secretion System
Authors: Lu Jacky , Haley Kathryn P. , Francis Jamisha D. , Guevara Miriam A. , Doster Ryan S. , Craft Kelly M. , Moore Rebecca E. , Chambers Schuyler A. , Delgado Alberto G. , Piazuelo Maria Blanca , Damo Steven M. , Townsend Steven D. , Gaddy Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChronic infection with Helicobacter pylori increases risk of gastric diseases including gastric cancer. Despite development of a robust immune response, H. pylori persists in the gastric niche. Progression of gastric inflammation to serious disease outcomes is associated with infection with H. pylori strains which encode the cag Type IV Secretion System (cag T4SS). The cag T4SS is responsible for translocating the oncogenic protein CagA into host cells and inducing pro‐inflammatory and carcinogenic signaling cascades. Our previous work demonstrated that nutrient iron modulates the activity of the T4SS and biogenesis of T4SS pili. In response to H. pylori infection, the host produces a variety of antimicrobial molecules, including the iron‐binding glycoprotein, lactoferrin. Our work shows that apo‐lactoferrin exerts antimicrobial activity against H. pylori under iron‐limited conditions, while holo‐lactoferrin enhances bacterial growth. Culturing H. pylori in the presence of holo‐lactoferrin prior to co‐culture with gastric epithelial cells, results in repression of the cag T4SS activity. Concomitantly, a decrease in biogenesis of cag T4SS pili at the host‐pathogen interface was observed under these culture conditions by high‐resolution electron microscopy analyses. Taken together, these results indicate that acquisition of alternate sources of nutrient iron plays a role in regulating the pro‐inflammatory activity of a bacterial secretion system and present novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of H. pylori‐related disease.
Communication of Bichromophore Emission upon Aggregation – Aroyl‐S,N‐ketene Acetals as Multifunctional Sensor Merocyanines
Authors: Biesen Lukas , May Lars , Nirmalananthan‐Budau Nithiya , Hoffmann Katrin , Resch‐Genger Ute , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAroyl‐S,N‐ketene acetal‐based bichromophores can be readily synthesized in a consecutive three‐component synthesis in good to excellent yields by condensation of aroyl chlorides and an N‐(p‐bromobenzyl) 2‐methyl benzothiazolium salt followed by a Suzuki coupling, yielding a library of 31 bichromophoric fluorophores with substitution pattern‐tunable emission properties. Varying both chromophores enables different communication pathways between the chromophores, exploiting aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and energy transfer (ET) properties, and thus, furnishing aggregation‐based fluorescence switches. Possible applications range from fluorometric analysis of alcoholic beverages to pH sensors.
Asymmetric Spirobiacridine‐based Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for High‐performance Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Arai Hiroki , Sasabe Hisahiro , Tsuneyama Hisaki , Kumada Kengo , Kido Junji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Hisahiro Sasabe, Junji Kido and co‐workers at Yamagata University in Japan. This image depicts that the chemical structure of the acceptor is one of the most important keys to maximize the potential of triazine/acridine‐based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters realizing high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 30%. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202101188.
Germyliumylidene: A Versatile Low Valent Group 14 Catalyst
Authors: Sarkar Debotra , Dutta Sayan , Weetman Catherine , Schubert Emeric , Koley Debasis , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBis‐NHC stabilized germyliumylidenes [RGe(NHC)2]+ are typically Lewis basic (LB) in nature, owing to their lone pair and coordination of two NHCs to the vacant p‐orbitals of the germanium center. However, they can also show Lewis acidity (LA) via Ge−CNHC σ* orbital. Utilizing this unique electronic feature, we report the first example of bis‐NHC‐stabilized germyliumylidene [MesTerGe(NHC)2]Cl (1), (MesTer=2,6‐(2,4,6‐Me3C6H2)2C6H3; NHC= IMe4=1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) catalyzed reduction of CO2 with amines and arylsilane, which proceeds via its Lewis basic nature. In contrast, the Lewis acid nature of 1 is utilized in the catalyzed hydroboration and cyanosilylation of carbonyls, thus highlighting the versatile ambiphilic nature of bis‐NHC stabilized germyliumylidenes.
GEASI: Geodesic‐based earliest activation sites identification in cardiac models
Authors: Grandits Thomas , Effland Alexander , Pock Thomas , Krause Rolf , Plank Gernot , Pezzuto Simone 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe identification of the initial ventricular activation sequence is a critical step for the correct personalization of patient‐specific cardiac models. In healthy conditions, the Purkinje network is the main source of the electrical activation, but under pathological conditions the so‐called earliest activation sites (EASs) are possibly sparser and more localized. Yet, their number, location and timing may not be easily inferred from remote recordings, such as the epicardial activation or the 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG), due to the underlying complexity of the model. In this work, we introduce GEASI (Geodesic‐based Earliest Activation Sites Identification) as a novel approach to simultaneously identify all EASs. To this end, we start from the anisotropic eikonal equation modeling cardiac electrical activation and exploit its Hamilton–Jacobi formulation to minimize a given objective function, for example, the quadratic mismatch to given activation measurements. This versatile approach can be extended to estimate the number of activation sites by means of the topological gradient, or fitting a given ECG. We conducted various experiments in 2D and 3D for in‐silico models and an in‐vivo intracardiac recording collected from a patient undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. The results demonstrate the clinical applicability of GEASI for potential future personalized models and clinical intervention.
A nature‐inspired meta‐heuristic paradigm for person identification using multimodal biometrics
Authors: Mohan Vijay , Ganesan Indumathi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBecause of the expanding improvement of the internet, security toward individual data has gotten more significant in recent decades. Due to the increasing development of the internet, security toward personal information has become more important in recent decades. Various person recognition methods are introduced for ensuring the security of a person's information. However identifying the information of the user using unique physiological characteristics poses a major issue in the biometric recognition system. Hence, an effective multimodal recognition system is developed using the proposed Elephant Deer Hunting Optimization‐based hybrid fusion (EDHO‐based hybrid fusion) model for person recognition. The proposed EDHO is designed by the integration of Elephant Herding Optimization and Deer Hunting Optimization Algorithm. Here, three different modalities, such as finger vein, dorsal hand vein, and electromyography (EMG) data are employed for the person recognition process. To increase the level of security, the hybrid feature fusion process is employed in such a way that features are fused based on the weight coefficients. The optimization algorithm is considered for the computation of the weight factor. However, the optimal weight value shows the optimal solution of person recognition in such a way that the computation of optimal value is based on the fitness measure. The proposed method achieved higher performance of accuracy as 0.963, True Negative Rate (TNR) as 0.9658, and True Positive rate (TPR) as 0.9548, respectively.
Rumination, worry and negative and positive affect in prolonged grief: A daily diary study
Authors: Eisma Maarten C. , Franzen Minita , Paauw Mabel , Bleeker Anke , aan het Rot Marije 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAfter bereavement, a significant minority experiences severe, persistent, and disabling grief, termed prolonged grief or complicated grief. Prolonged grief treatments may be enhanced by improving understanding of malleable risk factors in post‐loss psychological adaptation. Repetitive negative thought (e.g., rumination, worry) constitutes such a risk factor. Rumination and worry are both theorized to be maladaptive through interrelations with affect, yet this assumption has not been systematically investigated in the bereaved. We aimed to fill this gap in knowledge with a baseline survey and 10‐day daily diary investigation among a bereaved sample. Survey between‐subject analyses (N = 113) demonstrated that trait rumination and worry, trait negative affect and prolonged grief symptoms are positively related to each other and negatively related with trait positive affect. Within‐subject multilevel analyses of diaries (N = 62) demonstrated that trait rumination and trait worry relate positively to daily negative affect and negatively to daily positive affect. Daily rumination and worry showed similar relationships with daily negative and positive affect. A stronger relationship emerged between daily rumination and daily negative affect in people with higher prolonged grief symptom levels. Findings consistently support interrelations between repetitive negative thought, affect, and prolonged grief symptoms. Rumination appears particularly detrimental in people with severe grief reactions. Results align with research demonstrating the effectiveness of targeting repetitive negative thought in prolonged grief treatments. Additionally, our study demonstrates the potential feasibility and usefulness of using daily diaries to study behaviours of relevance to post‐loss adaptation in everyday life.
Immunophenotypic Analysis of Platelets by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Spurgeon Benjamin E.J. , Linden Matthew D. , Michelson Alan D. , Frelinger Andrew L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlatelets are small but very abundant blood cells that play a key role in hemostasis, contributing to thrombus formation at sites of injury. The ability of platelets to perform this function, as well as functions in immunity and inflammation, is dependent on the presence of cell surface glycoproteins and changes in their quantity and conformation after platelet stimulation. In this article, we describe the characterization of platelet surface markers and platelet function using platelet‐specific fluorescent probes and flow cytometry. Unlike traditional platelet tests, immunophenotypic analysis of platelets by flow cytometry allows the analysis of platelet function in samples with very low platelet counts as often encountered in clinical situations. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Immunophenotyping of platelet surface receptorsAlternate Protocol: Fix‐first method for immunophenotyping of platelet surface receptorsBasic Protocol 2: Determination of platelet activation using P‐selectin expression and/or PAC1 bindingBasic Protocol 3: Determination of procoagulant platelets using annexin V binding or antibodies specific for coagulation factor V/Va or X/XaSupport Protocol: Preparation of isolated platelets
Increased gene expression ofTIMP1andCHI3L1in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy samples from papillary thyroid cancer as compared to benign nodules
Authors: Dimitrova Inna , Shinkov Alexander , Dodova Rumyana , Ivanova Radina , Kirilov Georgi , Kyurkchiyan Silva , Kaneva Radka , Kovatcheva Roussanka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThyroid nodules are common ultrasound findings with malignancy rate 7%–15%. Our objective was to assess the relative expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 gene (TIMP1) and chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 gene (CHI3L1) in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) washouts and the serum levels of their protein products (TIMP‐1 and chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 known as YKL‐40) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and patients with benign nodules. Furthermore, the correlation between gene expression and circulating protein product was evaluated.MethodsEighty patients who underwent FNAB in one tertiary center were recruited in the study. Forty with Bethesda V and VI nodules were operated and PTC was confirmed. The other 40 patients were with Bethesda II nodules. TIMP‐1 and YKL‐40 serum levels were measured in all subjects. The TIMP1 and CHI3L1 expression was assessed in FNAB washouts from 20 PTC patients and 20 benign cases using quantitative PCR.ResultsThe relative expression of TIMP1 and CHI3L1 was significantly higher in the PTC group than in the benign group (p < .001 for TIMP1;p = .018 for CHI3L1). The PTC patients had higher serum TIMP‐1 than the patients with benign nodules (p = .036). We did not find significant difference in the YKL‐40 level between the two groups. TIMP1 and CHI3L1 expression did not correlate with the serum levels of their protein products.ConclusionFNAB washouts could be used for identification of diagnostic markers. The increased TIMP1 and CHI3L1 expression implies a role of these genes in the PTC carcinogenesis.
Determination of the enantiomeric composition of amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4‐methylendioxy‐N‐methylamphetamine (MDMA) in seized street drug samples from southern Germany
Authors: Losacker Moritz , Zörntlein Siegfried , Schwarze Bernd , Staudt Svenja , Röhrich Jörg , Hess Cornelius 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmphetamine (speed), methamphetamine (crystal meth), and 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐N‐methylamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) represent the most frequently abused amphetamine‐type stimulants (ATS). Differences in pharmacological potency and metabolism have been shown for the enantiomers of all three stimulants. Legal consequences in cases of drug possession may also differ according to the German law depending on the enantiomeric composition of the seized drug. Therefore, enantioselective monitoring of seized specimens is crucial for legal and forensic casework.Various kinds of samples of amphetamine (n = 143), MDMA (n = 94), and methamphetamine (n = 528) that were seized in southern Germany in 2019 and 2020 were analyzed for their chiral composition using different chromatographic methods.Whereas all samples of amphetamine and MDMA were racemic mixtures, the chiral composition of the methamphetamine specimens was diverse. Although the vast majority (n = 502) was present as (S)‐methamphetamine, also specimens containing pure (R)‐methamphetamine (n = 7) were found. Furthermore, few samples (n = 8) were of racemic nature or contained non‐racemic mixtures of both enantiomers (n = 10).Because methamphetamine appears in varying enantiomeric compositions, any seizure should be analyzed using an enantioselective method. Amphetamine and MDMA, on the other hand, currently appear to be synthesized exclusively via racemic pathways and are not chirally purified. Nevertheless, regular monitoring of the chiral composition should be ensured.
Late phase of COVID‐19 pandemic in General Cardiology. A position paper of the ESC Council for Cardiology Practice
Authors: Richter Dimitrios , Guasti Luigina , Koehler Friedrich , Squizzato Alessandro , Nistri Stefano , Christodorescu Ruxandra , Dievart Francois , Gaudio Giovanni , Asteggiano Riccardo , Ferrini Marc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCardiovascular (CV) engagement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a huge determinant of prognosis during the acute phase of the disease. However, little is known about the potential chronic implications of the late phase of COVID‐19 and about the appropriate approach to these patients. Heart failure, type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, myocarditis, pulmonary fibrosis, and thrombosis have been shown to be related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and a ‘long COVID‐19’ illness has been recognized with fatigue, chest pain, and dyspnoea among the most frequent symptoms reported after discharge from hospital. This paper focuses on some open questions that cardiologists are going to face during the next months in a general cardiology outpatient clinic, in particular how to evaluate a ‘post‐COVID’ patient during follow‐up of CV complications of the acute phase and how to manage new CV symptoms that could be the consequence, at least in part, of heart/vessels and/or lung involvement of the previous virus infection. Present symptoms and signs, history of previous CV disease (both preceding COVID‐19 and occurring during viral infection), and specific laboratory and imaging measurements during the acute phase may be of interest in focusing on how to approach the clinical evaluation of a post‐COVID patient and how to integrate in our standard of care the new information on COVID‐19, possibly in a multidisciplinary view. Dealing with the increased COVID‐associated CV risk burden and becoming acquainted with potential new e‐cardiology approaches aimed at integrating the cardiology practice are relevant new challenges brought by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and its sequelae.
The Influence of Particle Size and Shape in Cobalt 2‐Methylimidazolate Polymers on Catalytic Properties
Authors: Díaz‐Duran Ana Katherine , Roncaroli Federico 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reaction products between in situ generated Co(OH)2 and 2‐methylimidazole were studied and characterized. Using 9 fold excess of ligand, the well studied polyhedral (dodecahedral) particles (1–3 μm diameter) of the zeolitic imidazolate framework were obtained, i. e. ZIF‐67. When a stoichiometric amount of 2‐methylimidazole was employed, amorphous spheres of ca 500 nm diameter were obtained with low dispersion in size. Both samples were pyrolyzed at 700 and 900 °C under inert atmosphere. The external morphology was kept, however TEM images of the spherical particles showed that they were mainly composed of carbon nanotubes. Co nanoparticles embedded in the carbonaceous matrix could be observed in both samples. The activity of the pyrolyzed (700 and 900 °C) acid leached samples towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction was studied. Upon the same thermal treatment both types of samples showed similar electrokinetic parameters.
Direct Nucleophilic Substitution of Alcohols Using an Immobilized Oxovanadium Catalyst
Authors: Nishio Tomoya , Yoshioka Shin , Hasegawa Kai , Yahata Kenzo , Kanomata Kyohei , Akai Shuji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDirect nucleophilic substitution of alcohols with thiols or carbon nucleophiles was achieved using a mesoporous silica‐supported oxovanadium catalyst (VMPS4). Benzyl and allyl alcohols were compatible in this reaction under mild conditions, affording the products in high yields. The VMPS4 catalyst showed excellent chemoselectivity toward alcohols in the presence of acid‐labile functional groups, which is in contrast to that observed for the commonly used Lewis acid catalysts, which exhibit poor selectivity. The VMPS4 catalyst could be recycled by simple centrifugation, and the catalytic activity was maintained over seven cycles.
Electrochemical Scalable Sulfoxidation of Sulfides with Molecular Oxygen and Water
Authors: Cheng Zhen , Gao Xinglian , Yao Lingling , Wei Zhaoxin , Qin Guohui , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Bin , Xia Yu , Abdukader Ablimit , Xue Fei , Jin Weiwei , Liu Chenjiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn efficient and chemoselective synthesis of sulfoxides through the electrooxidation of sulfides has been well developed. This protocol takes advantage of electricity as the terminal oxidant and of molecular oxygen and water as the oxygen atom sources. A variety of structurally diverse sulfoxide compounds are assembled in moderate to excellent yields. The scaled‐up reactions at 6–20 mmol show the good practicability and application potential of this methodology. A possible free radical mechanism has been proposed to rationalize the reaction procedure.
N‐Doped Carbon Coated TiC Nanofiber Arrays on Ti‐6Al‐4V for Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Cr(VI)
Authors: Zhao Xia , Huang Zanling , Zhang Wanying , Li Peipei , Lu Fushen , Hu Liangsheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA sensitive electrochemical sensor for Cr(VI) detection based on N‐doped carbon coated TiC nanofiber arrays (TiC@CNx NFAs) is reported. The abundant electrocatalytic active sites contained CNx shell, highly conducting TiC core, and good electrical contact between the TiC@CNx and underlying Ti alloy endow this electrode with the excellent electrochemical sensing properties. The developed electrochemical sensor shows remarkable determination activity towards Cr(VI) with a high sensitivity of 0.88 μA μM−1 cm−2, a low detection limit of 4.0 nM (S/N=3), a wide linear range from 0.2 to 24.1 μM, good selectivity and anti‐interference property.