bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Technique of Treating Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Using the Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Berglin Lennart , Stenkula Staffan , Crafoord Sven , Öhrström Arne 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In eyes with retinal detachment and a horseshoe break, vitreous traction on the retina has been relieved by severing the flap of the break with the aid of the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The retina often flattens in eyes with shallow retinal detachment after this treatment; the breaks then can be sealed off with argon laser. In cases of retinal detachment treated with expanding gas, fewer recurrences were observed when vitreous traction had been relieved by Nd:YAG laser treatment.
Strengthening the Weak Superior Oblique Muscle
Authors: Bartley George B , Dyer John A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Tucking of the superior oblique tendon is an effective strengthening procedure, but it invariably results in at least transient postoperative Brown's syndrome. This complication may be avoided by using a modification of the Harada-Ito procedure, in which the entire superior oblique tendon is advanced anterolaterally without disinsertion or resection. The operation is easy to perform and may be used with adjustable sutures if desired.
Intraocular Gas Injection in the Treatment of Cornea-Lens Touch and Choroidal Effusion Following Fistulizing Surgery
Authors: Franks W A , Hitchings R A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Five eyes with large choroidal detachments and flat anterior chambers following fistulizing surgery were treated with injection of perfluoropropane into the anterior chamber. In all cases the choroidal detachments resolved within 4 days, without the need for drainage. Three phakic eyes developed anterior capsular opacification in the area of contact between the gas bubble and the anterior capsule. Injection of perfluoropropane is recommended as a simple and effective approach to the management of choroidal detachments with flat anterior chamber in Pseudophakic eyes and in cataractous phakic eyes.
Intraocular Pressure Profile During General Anesthesia
Authors: Varghese C , Chopra S K , Daniel R , Kaur B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effect of some anesthetic drugs on intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied in 120 normal healthy patients undergoing non-ophthalmic surgical procedures. IOP rose significantly following the injection of succinylcholine (SCh) alone, or when such injection had been preceded by a pretreatment with a "self-taming" dose of SCh or d-tubocurarine (d-Tc). Though the rise in IOP after diazepam pretreatment was significant, the magnitude was lower than that observed in the groups pretreated with the other two agents. Halothane brought the IOP down faster and lower than ether.
SCh is unsafe for intubation for the administration of general anesthesia in cases involving penetrating ocular injuries. It can, however, be used safely for routine ophthalmic surgery, providing that 8 minutes are allowed to elapse between injection and corneal or scleral incision. Halothene is preferred to ether, since the former lowers IOP faster and in a greater amount than the latter.
Dual Camera Sequencer for Microsurgical Documentation
Authors: McCartney David L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
All currently available documentary formats have inherent compromises. The use of both video and 35-mm still photography seems to be a practical solution but introduces image quality loss (when using a beam splitter type of dual camera adapter) or increased complexity of operation and resultant surgeon distraction (when using a movable mirror type of dual camera adapter). An electronic sequencer was designed to simplify the operation of a movable mirror type of dual camera adapter, permitting the efficient production of high image quality video recordings and 35-mm slides.
On the Practicalities of Eye Camp Cataract Extraction and Intraocular Lens Implantation in Nepal
Authors: Ruit Sanduk , Brian Garry , Hollows Fred 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Based on our experience in Nepal, we discuss the practicalities of performing extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the context of the third-world eye camp. At slightly less than 30 minutes per case, while not as quick as an intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) with a Graefe section, the trade-off between vision result and operation time, according to patients, is very much in favor of the ECCE/IOL technique. Also, although IOLs remain expensive, by using donated lenses, the overall costs of poviding ECCE/IOL surgery need not exceed those of providing ICCE.
Long-Term Vitreous Replacement in Primates With Intravitreal Vitreon® or Vitreon® Plus Silicone
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Conway Mandi D , Soike Kenneth F , Clark Leland C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Six African green monkeys (six eyes) underwent vitrectomy and vitreous replacement with Vitreon® (perfluorophenanthrene) or Vitreon plus silicone. A seventh animal served as a control. Vitreon alone and in combination remained optically clear and allowed fundus examination up to 162 days. No toxic effects to the retina were detectable. Vitreon exhibited some degree of emulsification and formed some globules at 45 days postoperatively. Interestingly, Vitreon emulsification occurred at a later time (80 days) in one of the silicone plus Vitreon eyes. The combination of silicone plus Vitreon may offer the advantage of tamponading the inferior and superior retina in phakic eyes.
Laser Treatment of Subfoveolar Choroidal Neovascular Membranes
Authors: Daubert Jack S , El-choufi Leyla , Stephens Robert F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We prospectively studied the safety and efficacy of subfoveolar laser treatment of choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM) in 29 eyes. With one to four treatments, all CNVMs were successfully eradicated. Central visual acuity improved in 31% and stabilized in 69%. Vision did not deteriorate in any of the eyes. In appropriately selected eyes, subfoveolar treatment appears safe and effective in halting the exudative response and minimizing scotoma size, thus facilitating the use of low-vision aids.
Cortex at the 12 O'clock Position and the Role of Peripheral Iris Opening
Authors: Alpar John J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Performing a peripheral iridectomy is a safe and effective means of atraumatically removing cortex at the 12 o'clock position. It prevents pupillary block as welt as adhesions between the iris and capsule. Also, it serves to position the anterior capsular flap and the superior edge of the intraocular lens.
Lacrimal Obstruction After Medial Maxillectomy
Authors: Glatt Herbert J , Chan Alex C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Medial maxillectomy can result in lacrimal obstruction and the need for subsequent dacryocystorhinostomy. Computed tomographic dacryocystography is a technique in which radiopaque dye is instilled in the lacrimal sac and computed tomography is subsequently performed. Computed tomographic dacryocystography facilitated the management of a patient with lacrimal obstruction after medial maxillectomy by helping to exclude recurrent tumor and sinusitis, and by providing a surgical "roadmap" in the presence of altered anatomy.
Nd:YAG Laser Trabeculopuncture in Angle-Recession Glaucoma
Authors: Melamed Shlomo , Ashkenazi Isaac , Gutman Isaac , Blumenthal Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nd:YAG laser trabeculopuncture (YLT) was performed in 12 eyes of 12 patients with angle-recession glaucoma. Confluent, 1-clock-hour trabeculotomy was attempted in all eyes. The calculated average laser energy was 181 ±86 m J. Where possible, the midtrabecular meshwork was treated, preferably at the superior half. After a mean follow up of 12.0 ± 5.6 months, intraocular pressure (IOP) was controlled (≤ 19 mm Hg) in five eyes (41.7%). YLT was associated with blood reflux during or after treatment in all successfully treated eyes. In eyes that failed, blood reflux could be detected in only two of seven eyes (28.6%). YLT failed to control IOP in all five eyes that had angle-recession for 360°.
Following YLT, IOP rose in two eyes (16.6%), minimal hyphema occurred in one eye, and temporary flare and cells developed in the anterior chamber in all eyes. Six eyes (50%) required glaucoma surgery (four had trabeculectomy and two had Molteno implant surgery).
We recommend YLT only for selected cases of uncontrolled angle-recession glaucoma in which at least part of the trabecular meshwork by gonioscopy appears to maintain its anatomical structure, permitting penetration into Schlemm's canal.
Inflammation After Cataract Surgery in Children
Authors: Jameson Nancy A , Good William V , Hoyt Creig S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We reviewed the records of 32 consecutive children (43 eyes) who underwent lensecto my /vitrectomy between January 1988 and August 1990 at the Medical Center of the University of California at San Francisco, to study the incidence and characteristics of clinically significant postoperative inflammation (CSPI). No eyes of patients 18 months old or younger (22 eyes) developed CSPI; nine of 21 eyes of older patients did develop CSPI. Other ocular abnormalities (microphthalmos, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, retinopathy of prematurity, and Axenfeld's syndrome) and systemic syndromes did not influence the incidence of CSPI.
Prolonged inflammation delayed refractive and amblyopia therapy but did not affect final visual acuity. The absence of CSPI in younger patients may be related to the general immaturity of their immune system and a resultant weak inflammatory response, or to their specific immunologic tolerance to lens crystalline.
Experimental Comparison of Laser and Cryosurgical Cilia Destruction
Authors: Gossman M Douglas , Brightwell Joseph R , Huntington Anne C , Newton Catherine , Yung Rudy , Eggler Susan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We compared cryosurgery with the argon and carbon dioxide lasers in a rabbit model to evaluate the permanence of eyelash destruction as well as the gross and histologic effects on the eyelid. Each modality was equally effective in preventing eyelash regrowth. Cryosurgery and the carbon dioxide laser produced the greatest acute soft tissue swelling; the carbon dioxide laser produced the most pronounced gross eyelid alterations. The argon laser produced minimal eyelid tissue change. Long-term histologic tissue alterations were not striking and were confined to eyelids treated with cryosurgery and the carbon dioxide laser. We conclude that, of the two lasers, the argon is the best suited to the clinical treatment of trichiasis: it is widely available, more precise in limiting contiguous tissue destruction when delivered through a slit lamp, and is safer for use near the eye.
The Pigtail Probe Protected by Silicone Intubation: A Combined Approach to Canalicular Reconstruction
Authors: McLeish William M , Bowman Bradley , Anderson Richard L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We have devised a method of single-eyelid canalicular reconstruction using the pigtail probe to facilitate identification of the proximal canalicular segment following silicone stent intubation of the normal, uninjured canaliculus. A series of seven acute and two long-standing canalicular lacerations were successfully reconstructed using this technique, which minimizes the risks associated with the use of the pigtail probe.
Orbicular Muscle Akinesia: A Comparison, Using Electromyography, of Three Techniques
Authors: Ropo Auli 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTNinety patients scheduled for elective cataract extraction under local anesthesia received an inferolateral intraconal injection of 4 mL_of etidocaine mixed with hyaluronidase. They were divided into three groups of 30 patients each according to the method used to provide orbicular akinesia. Those in group I had a nasal, intraorbital injection; those in group II underwent electrostimulation to locate branches of the facial nerve in the eyelids; and those in group III had the anesthetic agent injected subcutaneously into the lids. Ten minutes after the regional blockade, orbicular muscle activity of the upper eyelid, as measured by electromyography, was found to be higher in group I than in the other two groups. The muscular activity of the lower lid at 10 minutes, or of either of the lids at 20 minutes, was similar in all three groups. The use of electrostimulation did not yield better orbicular akinesia than the infiltration technique alone. Nasal injection improved globe akinesia.
Ocular Integrity After Refractive Surgery: Effects of Photorefractive Keratectomy, Phototherapeutic Keratectomy, and Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Campos Mauro , Lee Martha , McDonnell Peter J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effects on ocular integrity of three surgical techniques to correct refractive errors were compared. Ten matched pairs of eyes (right and left eyes) freshly enucleated from pigs underwent radial keratotomy (RK) (four incisions, 3.50-millimeter clear zone) in one eye and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with the 193-nanometer excimer laser (10.00- diopter myopic correction, 6.00-millimeter ablation diameter) in the fellow eye. Another 16 eyes under- went phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) at various depths; another 10 eyes were used as controls. All eyes were subjected to lateral compression by a bench press, with gradually increasing pressure applied until the globe ruptured. The rupture site was photographed. Of the 10 control eyes, 9 ruptured at the sclera and 1 ruptured at the optic nerve. All eyes that had undergone RK ruptured at the sites of the corneal incisions, whereas the eyes that had PRK ruptured at the sclera (P < .01). After PTK, corneal rupture upon compression occurred when ablations were about 40% depth or greater. Corneas that have been subjected to PRK thus appear less predisposed to rupture due to blunt trauma than do eyes that have undergone RK.
Management of Giant Retinal Tears Using Perfluorodecalin as a Postoperative Short-Term Vitreoretinal Tamponade: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study
Authors: Bottoni Ferdinando , Bailo Giorgio , Arpa Paolo , Prussiani Alberto , Monticelli Marzio , de Molfetta Vito 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To avoid postoperative "compartmentaHzation" of the vitreous cavity, which may accelerate the recurrence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and to provide a tamponading effect lasting long enough to allow the formation of a firm chorioretinal adhesion by retinopexy, we managed 11 eyes with giant retinal tears and grade-B PVR with lensectomy, vitrectomy, 5-day internal tamponade with perfluorodecalin (PFD), and postoperative supine positioning until the PFD was removed. Baseline characteristics included myopia (10 eyes; range, 5.00 to 15.00 diopters) and perforating trauma (one eye). All patients underwent PFD/fluid exchange 5 days after surgery. Anatomic attachment of the retina was achieved with two operations (the second one being the removal of the PFD) in 9 (82%) of the 11 eyes (median follow up, 18 months). In eight eyes (73%), there was no evidence of reproliferation; in one (successfully reattached after PFD/fluid exchange), a macular pucker developed. The intraocular PFD used as an internal tamponade appeared to be well tolerated for up to 5 days, as judged by static threshold perimetry in the two patients tested, and by the functional outcomes (64% of the reattached eyes had a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better).
Contrast Sensitivity in Diabetic Retinopathy After Panretinal Photocoagulation
Authors: Khosla Prem K , Rao Venkateshwar , Tewari Hem K , Kumar Atul 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Reports of changes in contrast sensitivity in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients after panreti* nal photocoagulation (PRP) have considered only relatively short-term results, and these have been conflicting. We evaluated contrast sensitivity changes in 30 eyes of 29 PDR patients after PRR The patients were divided into two groups. One, group A, received PRP at one sitting, and the other, group B, at two sittings. Before and at regular intervals after PRR all of the patients underwent a battery of macular function tests for best-corrected visual acuity, color vision, contrast sensitivity, and photostress. Contrast sensitivity was significantly affected (P < .001 ) in both groups immediately after PRR but stabilized to prelaser levels by the end of 3 months. Color-visionerror scores also were significantly higher (P < .001) immediately after PRR Best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, however, remained stable at prelaser levels. Contrast sensitivity appears to provide a more sensitive measurement of visual acuity than the Snellen chart for monitoring foveal integrity in patients undergoing PRR
Vitrectomy for Pars Plana Placement of a Glaucoma Seton
Authors: Smiddy William E , Rubsamen Patrick E , Grajewski Alana 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Trabeculectomy, even with supplemental antifibrosis agents, has a low success rate in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in certain cases; ones involving severe anterior-chamber-angle disease are particularly challenging. Ten patients with advanced, nonneovascular glaucoma underwent vitrectomy and pars plana placement of seton implants. The tube was placed through the pars plana sclerotomy in each case because severe anterior chamber angle narrowing, aphakia, or penetrating keratoplasty prevented standard placement. Previous trabeculectomy had failed to control IOP in 9 of the 10 patients. In each, the preoperative IOP was 25 mm Hg or more despite maximal medical therapy. In nine of the patients, the postoperative IOP was 19 mm Hg or less, without pressure-lowering agents. The seton appeared to be functional in all of the cases. Vision remained stable or improved in seven cases, but deteriorated in three due to graft failure, progressive traction retinal detachment, or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (one case each). Pars plana placement of tubes for glaucoma seton implants should be considered as an alternative to anterior chamber placement in certain cases of refractory glaucoma in which the anterior chamber anatomy has been severely disrupted.
Astigmatic Shift Following Sutureless, Triplanar, Curvilinear, Single Hinge, Clear Corneal Incision for Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Sajjadi Hamid , Parvin Mahyar 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Questions remain regarding wound stability, in particular astigmatism and leakage, in large, sutureless, clear corneal incisions. A polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implant, which may be more desirable than a silicone foldable in a very young patient, can be implanted through this incision.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty eyes of 19 patients underwent a 5.2-mm, temporal approach, clear corneal, sutureless phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. The Langerman single hinge technique with a curvilinear and a triplanar, sutureless incision was used in all cases.
RESULTS: The average axis-corrected induced cylinder was 1.05 D of with-the-rule change. Stromal hydration was not done and only one eye required a single suture.
CONCLUSION: A 5.2-mm, clear corneal incision self-sealing, with an acceptable induced with-therule astigmatism.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:844-848.]
Endoscopic Fluorescein Angiography
Authors: Uram Martin 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess features of various retinal and choroidal disorders by endoscopic fluorescein angiograms (EFAs) obtained intraoperatively.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred patients undergoing vitrectomy were studied intraoperatively by injecting 5 ml of 10% fluorescein intravenously. Up to 110° field of view high-resolution angiograms were obtained endoscopically. Characteristics of diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinal vasculitis, exudative macular degeneration, and neovascular glaucoma were recorded.
* RESULTS: Capillary nonperfusion, retinal vascular occlusion or incompetence, and neovascularization of the disc, retina, subretinal space, and posterior iris could be delineated.
* CONCLUSION: EFA defines pathologic retinal/choroidal areas intraoperatively, which may permit more selective surgical management during vitrectomy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:849-855.]
Low-dose Perioperative 5 -Fluorouracil in Trabeculectomy
Authors: Hugkulstone Charles E , Vernon Stephen A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: 5Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used to improve the outcome of trabeculectomy in high-risk cases, employing a postoperative regimen of subconjunctival injections. In light of recent laboratory evidence of the use of perioperative exposure to 5-FU, the authors investigated the outcome of this approach in their patients.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three eyes of 21 patients who underwent trabeculectomy with a perioperative application of low-dose (25 mg/ml) 5FU, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year, were reviewed retrospectively.
* RESULTS: At 1 year postoperatively, 15 (65%) of the eyes had an intraocular pressure (IOP) of less than 21 mm Hg without treatment and 3 (13%) of the eyes achieved the same IOP with the same number of or fewer medications compared with on admission. The outright successful patients had a significantly shorter disease duration than the remaining patients (P < .05), despite having used a similar number of treatments on admission, and also had a significandy lower mean number of indications for antimetabolite use [P < .02). Few complications attributable to 5-FU were noted.
* CONCLUSION: This route of administration appears to be safe and effective in patients requiring trabeculectomy who are not at a high risk for failure.
[Ophthalmie Surg Lasers 1996;27:910-916.]
Anterior Chamber Contamination Following Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery: Comparative Results Using Intravenous Imipenem
Authors: Duch-Samper Antonio M , Menezo Jose L , Hurtado-Sarrió Mercedes , Maldonado Miguel J , Checa-Flores Susana , Diaz-Llopis Manuel 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE. An attempt was made to establish the effect of an intravenous antibiotic on anterior chamber (AC) fluid contamination when administered before surgery.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study of AC contamination was conducted in 60 patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE)/intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. The final 20 patients received 1 g of intravenous imipenem 1 hour before surgery.
RESULTS: There were 4 positive AC cultures from the 20 patients in the imipenem group, and 13 positive AC cultures from the 40 control patients (P= .4, chi-square test). Of the 60 eyes, YJ had positive AC aspirate cultures and 23 had positive conjunctival smears. Only in one instance was the microorganism isolated from each case the same (1.7%).
CONCLUSIONS: An insignificant decrease in AC contamination was observed when intravenous imipenem was used before surgery. The results also suggest that conjunctiva might not be the main source of contamination during surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:1005-1011.]