bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to address data privacy concerns when using social media data in conservation science
Authors: Di Minin Enrico , Fink Christoph , Hausmann Anna , Kremer Jens , Kulkarni Ritwik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSocial media data are being increasingly used in conservation science to study human–nature interactions. User‐generated content, such as images, video, text, and audio, and the associated metadata can be used to assess such interactions. A number of social media platforms provide free access to user‐generated social media content. However, similar to any research involving people, scientific investigations based on social media data require compliance with highest standards of data privacy and data protection, even when data are publicly available. Should social media data be misused, the risks to individual users' privacy and well‐being can be substantial. We investigated the legal basis for using social media data while ensuring data subjects’ rights through a case study based on the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation. The risks associated with using social media data in research include accidental and purposeful misidentification that has the potential to cause psychological or physical harm to an identified person. To collect, store, protect, share, and manage social media data in a way that prevents potential risks to users involved, one should minimize data, anonymize data, and follow strict data management procedure. Risk‐based approaches, such as a data privacy impact assessment, can be used to identify and minimize privacy risks to social media users, to demonstrate accountability and to comply with data protection legislation. We recommend that conservation scientists carefully consider our recommendations in devising their research objectives so as to facilitate responsible use of social media data in conservation science research, for example, in conservation culturomics and investigations of illegal wildlife trade online.
Subjective modeling choices and the robustness of impact evaluations in conservation science
Authors: Desbureaux Sébastien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArbitrary modeling choices are inevitable in scientific studies. Yet, few empirical studies in conservation science report the effects these arbitrary choices have on estimated results. I explored the effects of subjective modeling choices in the context of counterfactual impact evaluations. Over 5000 candidate models based on reasonable changes in the choice of statistical matching algorithms (e.g., genetic and nearest distance mahalanobis matching), the parametrization of these algorithms (e.g., number of matches), and the inclusion of specific covariates (e.g., distance to nearest city, slope, or rainfall) were valid for studying the effect of Virunga National Park in Democratic Republic of the Congo on changes in tree cover loss and carbon storage over time. I randomly picked 2000 of the 5000 candidate models to determine how much and which subjective modeling choices affected the results the most. All valid models indicated that tree cover loss decreased and carbon storage increased in Virunga National Park from 2000 to 2019. Nonetheless, the order of magnitude of the estimates varied by a factor of 3 (from −4.78 to −13.12 percentage points decrease in tree cover loss and from 20 to 46 t Ce/ha for carbon storage). My results highlight that modeling choices, notably the choice of the matching algorithm, can have significant effects on point estimates and suggest that more structured robustness checks are a key step toward more credible findings in conservation science.
Subjective sleep‐related breathing disorders and executive function in children with intermittent or mild persistent asthma
Authors: Gidaris Dimos , Stabouli Stella , Eleftheriou Kleio , Cassimos Dimitrios , Urquhart Don , Kotsis Vasilios , Zafeiriou Dimitrios 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe impact on executive function performance of sleep‐related disorders in asthmatic children has been scarcely studied in community settings. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of sleep‐related breathing disorders (SRBD) in children with intermittent or mild persistent asthma in primary care settings, and to examine the possible correlations with measures of executive function.MethodsWe performed a case–control study including 76 children with asthma (intermittent or mild persistent) and 85 healthy controls. The parents of both patients and controls completed the Paediatric Seep Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) questionnaire.ResultsWe did not find any statistically significant differences regarding the scales of PSQ. Additionally, there were no statistical differences between asthmatic children and controls regarding the scales of the BRIEF questionnaire. In both asthmatic children and controls the score of the scale of obstructive sleep‐related breathing disorder was significantly correlated with the T scores of the two composite scales (BRI and MI) and the Global Executive Composite.ConclusionIn children with intermittent or mild persistent asthma under the care of private general paediatricians there were no statistically significant differences regarding subjective SBD compared to the healthy controls. Also there were no statistical differences between asthmatic children and controls regarding behavioural correlates of executive function during everyday life.
Self‐reported sleep disturbance and mild cognitive impairment in COPD patients with severe airflow limitation
Authors: Barata Paula Irina , Marc Monica Steluta , Tudorache Emanuela , Frandes Mirela , Crisan Alexandru Florian , Olar Dana Cristina , Oancea Cristian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionCOPD has multiple extrapulmonary manifestations and the latest studies have focused on cognitive dysfunction effects on sleep quality. The purpose of this study is to assess if there is a relationship between sleep quality and cognitive decline in COPD patients with severe airflow limitation.MethodsWe performed an observational study to determine if there is a link between cognitive function and sleep quality. The included patients were divided into two groups: a group with COPD patients and control group. We evaluated lung volumes, cognitive function, sleep quality and disease impact on the quality of life.ResultsMost of the COPD patients presented mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (95.7%), compared with only 24.1% in the control group (Pearson chi‐square χ2(1) = 42.560, p < 0.001). We observed that all the COPD patients were poor sleepers, while only 13.8% of the control patients presented a poor sleep (Pearson chi‐square χ2(1) = 60.379, p < 0.001). We observed that poor sleep was significantly associated with MCI (OR = 9.200; 95% CI = 3.656‐23.153; p < 0.001). At the same time, when considering only the COPD patients with moderate disease impact, poor sleep was also a risk factor for MCI (OR = 1.210; 95% CI = 1.016‐1.440; p < 0.001).ConclusionCOPD patients with severe airflow limitation report a high prevalence of poor sleep quality and cognitive function. We observed a significant association between cognitive function and sleep quality.
Association of CMV‐specific T‐cell immunity and risk of CMV infection in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Veit Tobias , Pan Ming , Munker Dieter , Arnold Paola , Dick Andrea , Kunze Susanne , Meiser Bruno , Schneider Christian , Michel Sebastian , Zoller Michael , Böhm Stephan , Walter Julia , Behr Jürgen , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Kauke Teresa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundProtecting against CMV infection and maintaining CMV in latent state are largely provided by CMV‐specific T‐cells in lung transplant recipients. The aim of the study was to assess whether a specific T‐cell response is associated with the risk for CMV infection in seronegative patients who are at high risk for delayed CMV infection.MethodsAll CMV‐seronegative recipients (R−) from CMV‐seropositive donors (D+) between January 2018 and April 2019 were included and retrospectively screened for CMV infection before and after assessment of CMV‐specific cell‐mediated immunity.ResultsThirty‐one of the 50 patients (62%) developed early‐onset CMV infection. Lower absolute neutrophil counts were significantly associated with early‐onset CMV infection. Antiviral prophylaxis was ceased after 137.2 ± 42.8 days. CMV‐CMI were measured at a median of 5.5 months after LTx. 19 patients experienced early and late‐onset CMV infection after prophylaxis withdrawal within 15 months post transplantation. Positive CMV‐CMI was significantly associated with lower risk of late‐onset CMV infection after transplantation in logistic and cox‐regression analysis (OR=0.05, p = .01; OR=2,369, p = .026).ConclusionD+/R− lung transplant recipients are at high risk of developing early and late‐onset CMV infection. Measurement of CMV‐CMI soon after transplantation might further define the CMV infection prediction risk in LTx recipients being at high risk for CMV viremia.
The top 100 most‐cited papers authored by Dr. Jens Ove Andreasen: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Santos Pablo Silveira , dos Santos Natália , Moccelini Bárbara Suelen , Bolan Michele , Santana Carla Miranda , Martins‐Junior Paulo Antônio , Cardoso Mariane 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/AimDr. Jens Ove Andreasen, the “father” of dental traumatology, passed away on September 26, 2020. As a tribute, the aim of this study was to catalog and analyze the top 100 most‐cited papers (co)authored by Dr. Andreasen.Materials and MethodsA bibliometric analysis was conducted on October 21, 2020, in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS‐CC) database. The numbers of citations in the WoS “All Databases” section, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were cross‐matched. Two researchers collected the following bibliometric data: title, number of citations, authors, country, year, journals, study design, and theme. The VOSviewer software was used to generate collaborative network maps for the authors and keywords.ResultsOf 194 papers identified in WoS‐CC, a list was compiled with the 100 most‐cited papers (co)authored by Dr. Andreasen. The number of citations of each paper ranged from 24 to 365 (mean: 85.4). Nine papers were cited more than 200 times. Most papers were published in Dental Traumatology (55%), between the 1990's and 2000's (60%), with a laboratory design (40%). One hundred and nine (co)authors, from 19 countries were identified in the top 100 most‐cited papers. Dental traumatology was the most studied theme (52%).ConclusionsThe top 100 most‐cited papers (co)authored by Dr. Jens Ove Andreasen were composed mainly of laboratory and observational studies, published mostly in Dental Traumatology. The present study was a humble homage to highlight the importance of his research and work. However, his legacy goes beyond the numbers and will always remain unsurpassed.
European plants lagging behind climate change pay a climatic debt in the North, but are favoured in the South
Authors: Duchenne François , Martin Gabrielle , Porcher Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor many species, climate change leads to range shifts that are detectable, but often insufficient to track historical climatic conditions. These lags of species range shifts behind climatic conditions are often coined “climatic debts”, but the demographic costs entailed by the word “debt” have not been demonstrated. Here, we used opportunistic distribution data for c. 4000 European plant species to estimate the temporal shifts in climatic conditions experienced by these species and their occupancy trends, over the last 65 years. The resulting negative relationship observed between these two variables provides the first piece of evidence that European plants are already paying a climatic debt in Alpine, Atlantic and Boreal regions. In contrast, plants appear to benefit from a surprising “climatic bonus” in the Mediterranean. We also find that among multiple pressures faced by plants, climate change is now on par with other known drivers of occupancy trends, including eutrophication and urbanisation.
Macrogenetic studies must not ignore limitations of genetic markers and scale
Authors: Paz‐Vinas Ivan , Jensen Evelyn L. , Bertola Laura D. , Breed Martin F. , Hand Brian K. , Hunter Margaret E. , Kershaw Francine , Leigh Deborah M. , Luikart Gordon , Mergeay Joachim , Miller Joshua M. , Van Rees Charles B. , Segelbacher Gernot , Hoban Sean 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMillette et al. (Ecology Letters, 2020, 23:55–67) reported no consistent worldwide anthropogenic effects on animal genetic diversity using repurposed mitochondrial DNA sequences. We reexamine data from this study, describe genetic marker and scale limitations which might lead to misinterpretations with conservation implications, and provide advice to improve future macrogenetic studies.
The mycorrhizal tragedy of the commons
Authors: Henriksson Nils , Franklin Oskar , Tarvainen Lasse , Marshall John , Lundberg‐Felten Judith , Eilertsen Lill , Näsholm Torgny 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTrees receive growth‐limiting nitrogen from their ectomycorrhizal symbionts, but supplying the fungi with carbon can also cause nitrogen immobilization, which hampers tree growth. We present results from field and greenhouse experiments combined with mathematical modelling, showing that these are not conflicting outcomes. Mycorrhizal networks connect multiple trees, and we modulated C provision by strangling subsets of Pinus sylvestris trees, assuming that carbon supply to fungi was reduced proportionally to the strangled fraction. We conclude that trees gain additional nitrogen at the expense of their neighbours by supplying more carbon to the fungi. But this additional carbon supply aggravates nitrogen limitation via immobilization of the shared fungal biomass. We illustrate the evolutionary underpinnings of this situation by drawing on the analogous tragedy of the commons, where the shared mycorrhizal network is the commons, and explain how rising atmospheric CO2 may lead to greater nitrogen immobilization in the future.
Varying genetic imprints of road networks and human density in North American mammal populations
Authors: Habrich Andrew K. , Lawrence Elizabeth R. , Fraser Dylan J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRoad networks and human density are major factors contributing to habitat fragmentation and loss, isolation of wildlife populations, and reduced genetic diversity. Terrestrial mammals are particularly sensitive to road networks and encroachment by human populations. However, there are limited assessments of the impacts of road networks and human density on population‐specific nuclear genetic diversity, and it remains unclear how these impacts are modulated by life‐history traits. Using generalized linear mixed models and microsatellite data from 1444 North American terrestrial mammal populations, we show that taxa with large home range sizes, dense populations, and large body sizes had reduced nuclear genetic diversity with increasing road impacts and human density, but the overall influence of life‐history traits was generally weak. Instead, we observed a high degree of genus‐specific variation in genetic responses to road impacts and human density. Human density negatively affected allelic diversity or heterozygosity more than road networks (13 vs. 5–7 of 25 assessed genera, respectively); increased road networks and human density also positively affected allelic diversity and heterozygosity in 15 and 6–9 genera, respectively. Large‐bodied, human‐averse species were generally more negatively impacted than small, urban‐adapted species. Genus‐specific responses to habitat fragmentation by ongoing road development and human encroachment likely depend on the specific capability to (i) navigate roads as either barriers or movement corridors, and (ii) exploit resource‐rich urban environments. The nonuniform genetic response to roads and human density highlights the need to implement efforts to mitigate the risk of vehicular collisions, while also facilitating gene flow between populations of particularly vulnerable taxa.
Epigenetic‐modifying therapies: An emerging avenue for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Yi Julie Z. , McGee Jean S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification and the action of microRNAs. These mechanisms coordinate in complex networks to control gene expression, thereby regulating key physiological processes in the skin and immune system. Recently, researchers have turned to the epigenome to understand the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. In psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, epigenetic modifications contribute to key pathogenic events such as immune activation, T‐cell polarization and keratinocyte dysfunction. These discoveries have introduced new possibilities for the treatment of skin diseases; unlike genetics, epigenetic alterations are readily modifiable and potentially reversible. In this viewpoint essay, we summarize the current state of epigenetic research in inflammatory skin diseases and propose that targeting the histone machinery is a promising avenue for the development of new therapies for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Expanding on the progress that has already been made in the field of cancer epigenetics, we discuss existing epigenetic‐modifying tools that can be applied to the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and consider future directions for investigation in order to allow for the widespread clinical application of such therapies.
Computational modelling of stem cell–niche interactions facilitates discovery of strategies to enhance tissue regeneration and counteract ageing
Authors: Potapov Ilya , García‐Prat Laura , Ravichandran Srikanth , Muñoz‐Cánoves Pura , del Sol Antonio 
Published: March 2021

The stem cell niche is a specialized microenvironment for stem cells in an adult tissue. The niche provides cues for the maintenance and regulation of stem cell activities and thus presents a target for potential rejuvenating strategies. García‐Prat et al. found that in the heterogeneous population of quiescent stem cells of skeletal muscles, a fraction of cells responsible for regeneration and having genuine ‘stemness’ properties deteriorates only in extremely old age. An essential tool used in this analysis of stem cell–niche interactions is the computational tool, NicheHotSpotter, which proved to be instrumental for identifying niche and cell signalling factors that contribute to the maintenance of the pool of genuine quiescent stem cells. NicheHotSpotter predicts candidate factors by analysing signalling interactome and gene regulatory network data in combination with expression profiles. The effect of the niche environment on stem cells is modelled as a mean field of niche cues that induce sustained activation or inhibition of signalling pathways. In this way, NicheHotSpotter has been successful in delineating novel strategies to enhance stemness, which may rejuvenate skeletal muscle cells at the extreme old age.
Intranasal midazolam for the sedation of geriatric patients with care‐resistant behaviour during essential dental treatment: An observational study
Authors: Barends Clemens R. M. , Absalom Anthony R. , Visser Anita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the efficacy and safety of intranasal midazolam for sedation during essential dental treatment of geriatric patients with major neurocognitive disorder (MND) and care‐resistant behaviour (CRB).BackgroundDental treatment is often impossible in geriatric MND patients with CRB. Intranasal midazolam may provide a non‐invasive sedation method, but there is currently no information on its use in geriatric patients.MethodsIn this observational study, we included geriatric patients with severe MND and CRB needing urgent dental treatment. Each patient received 5 mg midazolam intranasally. Agitation/sedation levels, heart rate, respiration rate and oxygen saturation were recorded at 5‐minute intervals.ResultsThirty two patients were included. Mean age was 84 (±7) years. Mean (SD) time to treatment start was 13 (±5) minutes, and mean time to maximum sedation 17 (±11) minutes. Sedation was sufficient to enable dental treatment to be completed in 31 (97%) patients. Anxiolysis/light sedation occurred in 16 (50%) patients, and moderate to deep sedation occurred in 16 (50%) patients. No patients suffered from apnoea, although 3 patients required a chin‐lift manoeuvre. Hypoxaemia occurred in 1 of these patients and in 2 other patients without airway obstruction. All patients recovered uneventfully. In a regression model, age, weight and other sedative medication use were found not to be associated with maximum sedation depth.ConclusionsOf 5 mg intranasal midazolam facilitates treatment of geriatric patients with MND in the comfort of their own environment. More information is needed to guide titration to balance the desired sedation level and patient safety.
Posterior teeth occlusion is related independently to onset of fever in residents of aged person welfare facility: prospective cohort study
Authors: Izumi Maya , Isobe Ayaka , Akifusa Sumio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOnset of fever is a common presentation of symptoms in older adults. Loss of posterior teeth occlusion provokes dysphagia, which is commonly related to infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. However, a correlation between posterior teeth occlusion and the onset of fever has not been studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether posterior teeth occlusion is correlated with the onset of fever in residents of aged person welfare facilities.MethodsThis perspective cohort study was carried out from February 2019 to December 2019 in Kitakyushu, Japan. The follow‐up period was 8 months. Overall, 141 residents aged ≥ 65 years from 10 aged person welfare facility were included. Dates when the body temperatures of participants were more than 37.2°C were recorded. Posterior teeth occlusion was evaluated by assessing functional tooth units (FTUs).ResultsData from 100 participants [median age, 89 (67‐102)] were used for analysis. Total of 53 participants got a fever. The Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that the average period until onset of fever in participants with scores 0, 1‐11 and 12 for FTU was 7.7 ± 0.6, 7.4 ± 1.0 and 3.9 ± 1.0, respectively. Cox's proportional hazards regression model revealed that participants with FTU = 0 were at higher risk of fever compared with those with FTU = 12 (hazards ratio: 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4‐7.7), adjusted for possible confounders.ConclusionsPosterior teeth occlusion correlated with the risk of fever in older residents of nursing homes.