bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beating 1 Sievert: Optimal Radiation Shielding of Astronauts on a Mission to Mars
Authors: Dobynde M. I. , Shprits Y. Y. , Drozdov A. Y. , Hoffman J. , Li Ju 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpace radiation is one of the main concerns in planning long‐term human space missions. There are two main types of hazardous radiation: solar energetic particles (SEP) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR). The intensity and evolution of both depends on solar activity. GCR activity is most enhanced during solar minimum and lowest during solar maximum. The reduction of GCRs is alagging behind solar activity only by 6–12 month. SEP probability and intensity are maximized during solar maximum and are minimized during solar minimum. In this study, we combine models of the particle environment arising due to SEP and GCR with Monte Carlo simulations of radiation propagation inside a spacecraft and phantom. We include 28 fully ionized GCR elements from hydrogen to nickel and consider protons and nine ion species to model the SEP irradiation. Our calculations demonstrate that the optimal time for a flight to Mars would be launching the mission at solar maximum, and that the flight duration should not exceed approximately 4 years.
Antenatal and perinatal factors influencing neonatal blood pressure: a systematic review
Authors: Rabe Heike , Bhatt-Mehta Varsha , Bremner Stephen A. , Ahluwalia Aisling , Mcfarlane Renske , Baygani Simin , Batton Beau , Klein Agnes , Ergenekon Ebru , Koplowitz Luana Pesco , Dempsey Eugene , Apele-Freimane Dina , Iwami Hiroko , Dionne Janis M. ,   International Neonatal Consortium, Rabe Heike , Bhatt-Mehta Varsha , Bremner Stephen A. , Baygani Simin , Batton Beau , Klein Agnes , Ergenekon Ebru , Koplowitz Luana Pesco , Dempsey Eugene , Apele-Freimane Dina , Iwami Hiroko , Dionne Janis M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveA comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to perinatal blood pressure is vital to ensure optimal postnatal hemodynamic support. The objective of this study was to review existing literature on maternal and perinatal factors influencing blood pressure in neonates up to 3 months corrected age.MethodsA systematic search of published literature in OVID Medline, OVID Embase and the COCHRANE library identified publications relating to maternal factors affecting blood pressure of neonates up to corrected age of 3 months. Summary data were extracted and compared (PROSPERO CRD42018092886).ResultsOf the 3683 non-duplicate publications identified, 44 were eligible for inclusion in this review. Topics elicited were sociodemographic factors, maternal health status, medications, smoking during pregnancy, and cord management at birth. Limited data were available for each factor. Results regarding the impact of these factors on neonatal blood pressure were inconsistent across studies.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions regarding the impact of various maternal and perinatal factors on neonatal blood pressure. Future investigations of neonatal cardiovascular therapies should account for these factors in their study design. Similarly, studies on maternal diseases and perinatal interventions should include neonatal blood pressure as part of their primary or secondary analyses.
Histone deacetylase 2 knockout suppresses immune escape of triple-negative breast cancer cells via downregulating PD-L1 expression
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Xiong Wei , Lin Yun , Fan Liping , Pan Hongchao , Li Yaochen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe PD-L1 overexpression is an important event of immune escape and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but the molecular mechanism remains to be determined. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) represents a major driving force behind PD-L1 expression in tumor microenvironment, and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is required for IFN signaling. Here, we investigated the regulation of HDAC2 on the IFNγ-induced PD-L1 expression in TNBC cells. We found the HDAC2 and PD-L1 expression in TNBC was significantly higher than that in non-TNBC, and HDAC2 was positively correlated with PD-L1 expression. HDAC2 promoted PD-L1 induction by upregulating the phosphorylation of JAK1, JAK2, and STAT1, as well as the translocation of STAT1 to the nucleus and the recruitment of STAT1 to the PD-L1 promoter. Meanwhile, HDAC2 was recruited to the PD-L1 promoter by STAT1, and HDAC2 knockout compromised IFNγ-induced upregulation of H3K27, H3K9 acetylation, and the BRD4 recruitment in PD-L1 promoter. In addition, significant inhibition of proliferation, colony formation, migration, and cell cycle of TNBC cells were observed following knockout of HDAC2 in vitro. Furthermore, HDAC2 knockout reduced IFNγ-induced PD-L1 expression, lymphocyte infiltration, and retarded tumor growth and metastasis in the breast cancer mouse models. This study may provide evidence that HDAC2 promotes IFNγ-induced PD-L1 expression, suggesting a way for enhanced antitumor immunity when targeting the HDAC2 in TNBC.
Autophagy-associated circular RNA hsa_circ_0007813 modulates human bladder cancer progression via hsa-miR-361-3p/IGF2R regulation
Authors: Zhang Zheyu , Mou Zezhong , Xu Chenyang , Wu Siqi , Dai Xiyu , Chen Xinan , Ou Yuxi , Chen Yiling , Yang Chen , Jiang Haowen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) drive several cellular processes including proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Here, we identified a circRNA hsa_circ_0007813, whose expression was upregulated in bladder cancer. High hsa_circ_0007813 expression was associated with larger tumor size, higher primary tumor T stage, and higher pathologic grade. Survival analysis showed that patients with high hsa_circ_0007813 expression levels had a poorer prognosis. Based on these findings from clinical tissue samples and cell lines, we assumed that hsa_circ_0007813 functioned a vital role in bladder cancer progression. Next, functional experiments revealed that knockdown of hsa_circ_0007813 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of bladder cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Through extensive bioinformatic prediction and RNA pull-down assays, we identified hsa-miR-361-3p as a competing endogenous RNA of hsa_circ_0007813. Further bioinformatic studies narrowed targets to 35 possible downstream genes. We then found that knockdown of hsa_circ_0007813 led to altered cell autophagy, bringing our attention to IGF2R, one of the possible downstream genes. IGF2R was also known as cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR), was discovered to participate in both autophagy and tumor biology. Regarding autophagy has a dominant role in the survival of tumor cells overcoming cellular stress and correlates with tumor progression, investigations were made to prove that hsa_circ_0007813 could regulate IGF2R expression via hsa-miR-361-3p sponging. The potential of hsa_circ_0007813 in regulating IGF2R expression explained its influence on cell behavior and clinical outcomes. Collectively, our data could offer new insight into the biology of circRNA in bladder cancer.
Fermentation products of Danshen relieved dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental ulcerative colitis in mice
Authors: Su Le , Su Yue , An Zaiyong , Zhang Ping , Yue Qiulin , Zhao Chen , Sun Xin , Zhang Song , Liu Xinli , Li Kunlun , Zhao Lin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the increased incidence and recognition, ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a global public health problem in the world. Although many immunosuppressant and biological drugs have been used for UC treatment, the cure rate is still very low. It is necessary to find some safe and long-term used medicine for UC cure. Recently, the Chinese traditional herb Danshen has been investigated in the treatment of UC. However, it is a limitation of Danshen that many of the active components in Danshen are not easily absorbed by the human body. Probiotics could convert macromolecules into smaller molecules to facilitate absorption. Thus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (F-B4-1) and Bacillus subtillis Natto (F-A7-1) were screened to ferment Danshen in this study. The fermented Danshen products were gavaged in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model mice. Danshen had better results to attenuate symptoms of DSS-induced UC after fermented with F-B4-1 and F-A7-1. Loss of body weight and disease activity index (DAI) were reduced. The abnormally short colon lengths and colonic damage were recovered. And fermented Danshen had the better inhibitory effect than Danshen itself on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression during DSS-induced UC. The results indicated that compared with Danshen, fermented Danshen relieved DSS-induced UC in mice more effectively. Danshen fermented by probiotics might be an effective treatment to UC in clinic stage in the future.
ABO blood group antigen therapy: a potential new strategy against solid tumors
Authors: Luo Qiong , Pan Mingxin , Feng Hao , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe economic burden of tumors is increasing, so there is an urgent need to develop new therapies for their treatment. Killing tumors by activating complement is an effective strategy for the treatment. We used the ABO blood group system and the corresponding antibodies to activate the killer cell capacity of the complement system. After the construction of a mouse model containing blood group A antibodies and inoculating colorectal cancer and breast cancer cells into the axillae of the mice, intratumoural injection using a lentivirus carrying a blood group antigen as a drug significantly reduced the tumor volume of the mice. Compared with the control group, the content of the C5b-9 complement membrane attack complex in the tumors of mice treated with the blood group A antigen was significantly increased, and the proportion of NK cells was also significantly increased. In vitro cell-based experiments proved that tumor cells expressing blood group A antigens showed significantly inhibited cell proliferation when added to serum containing blood group A antibodies. These results all prove that the ABO blood group antigen may become a powerful tool for the treatment of tumors in patients.
Optimal sparse control of interval networks: Voltage source converter based DC grid study
Authors: Nabi Behrouz , Seyedtabaii Saeed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDecentralized optimal control of interval state space systems involves significant complications due to the required sparsity, robustness, and convergence rate. By adding an l1 term to the standard linear quadratic optimization, the obtained composite index, accommodating the sparsity, contains both differentiable and non‐differentiable terms. Knowing that the choice of optimization techniques are problem‐dependent, in this paper, several smart provisions such as “Active set”, “Coordinate descent”, and separately managing the differentiable part of the cost function are put together to form a relatively fast algorithm. In addition, a rule is introduced to adjust automatically the degree of sparsity and a constraint to confine the interval closed‐loop system eigenvalues to the desired s plane region. As a result, a robust sparse decentralized control (RSDC) approach for interval networks is established. The RSDC method is utilized for the control of a multi‐terminal VSC (Voltage Source Converter ) ‐based DC (Direct Current) grid with parametric uncertainty under various external random perturbations. The test results show that the proposed method with just 20 feedback links (out of available 100) performs superiorly to the alternative ones in terms of sparsity, convergence rate, and time‐domain performances, verified through extensive simulations.
GAN and CNN for imbalanced partial discharge pattern recognition in GIS
Authors: Wang Yanxin , Yan Jing , Yang Zhou , Jing Qianzhen , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe convolutional neural network (CNN) achieves excellent performance in pattern recognition owing to its powerful automatic feature extraction capability and outstanding classification performance. However, the actual samples obtained are unbalanced, and accurate diagnoses are difficult for the existing methods. A classification method for partial discharge (PD) pattern recognition in gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) that uses a generative adversarial network (GAN) and CNN on unbalanced samples is proposed. First, a novel Wasserstein dual discriminator GAN is used to generate data to equalise the unbalanced samples. Second, a decomposed hierarchical search space is used to automatically construct an optimal diagnostic CNN. Finally, PD pattern recognition classification in GIS of the unbalanced samples is realised by the GAN and CNN. The experimental results show that the GAN and CNN methods proposed in this study have a pattern recognition accuracy of 99.15% on unbalanced samples, which is significantly higher than that obtained by other methods. Therefore, the method proposed in this study is more suitable for industrial applications.
Hybrid HVDC circuit breakers with an energy absorption branch of a parallel arrester structure
Authors: Yu Jingqiu , Xu Zheng , Zhang Zheren , Song Yuanjian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHybrid circuit breakers (CBs) are the most promising technology to isolate DC faults in modular multilevel converter (MMC)‐based DC grids. However, they consist of expensive power electronic components that are sensitive to high overvoltage and overcurrent. This study proposes a hybrid high‐voltage DC circuit breaker with an energy absorption branch of a parallel arrester structure, and investigates the possibility of reducing the fault current and the switching overvoltage. First, the basic principle of an energy absorption branch with a parallel arrester structure is presented. Then, the simultaneous and sequential insertion strategies are illustrated. Second, each strategy and each structure are combined separately to analyse their respective characteristics in reducing the overvoltage, the fault current, the energy absorption and the fault clearance time. The sequential insertion strategy of the proposed energy absorption branch is proved to have the best performance. Finally, the trade‐offs between these four metrics are achieved through the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II). A general method to determine the parameters of the proposed energy absorption branch from the Pareto front based on different preferences is provided. Simulations on PSCAD show that sequential insertion of the proposed energy absorption branch with the optimal parameters is able to suppress the switching overvoltage and limit the fault current to a relatively low extent simultaneously.
A modulation optimization‐based active thermal control method for H‐bridge rectifiers
Authors: Chen Wenbo , Chen Shujing , Qiu Hongbo , Cheng Hong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs one of the most widely adopted topologies in power electronics, the H‐bridge circuit has been used for numerous kinds of power converters. With the emphasis on reliability and lifetime management of power converters, it could be helpful to decrease or rebalance the thermal stress of semiconductors to prolong the entire converter's lifetime. However, current switching frequency or power routing‐based methods will more or less deteriorate the performance of converters. Therefore, an active thermal control method for the H‐bridge rectifier is presented here, which has limited influence on the converter. This method puts four bridgeless modulation types into operation by the redundant switching states of the H‐bridge. The power losses were reduced by alternately changing a couple of bridgeless modes. Finally, the effectiveness of this active thermal control method has been analyzed of loss and temperature comparisons and validated with simulation and experimental results.
Variational Bayesian‐based adaptive distributed fusion target tracking with unknown sensor measurement losses
Authors: Hu Zhentao , Yang Shibo , Yang Linlin , Jin Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new variational Bayesian‐based adaptive distributed fusion unscented Kalman filter (ADFUKF‐VB) algorithm is proposed for the problem of state estimation in a distributed fusion target tracking system with unknown sensor measurement losses. First, the Bernoulli random variables are introduced as the judgement factors of the measurement losses in each local unscented Kalman filter (UKF) of the distributed fusion target tracking system, and the probability density function (PDF) of the measurement loss probability is modelled as a Beta distribution. Then, the variational Bayesian (VB) approach is used to infer the estimated variables in each local UKF. The measurement losses are judged according to the expectations of the Bernoulli random variables, and three ways are adopted to estimate the state vector based on the obtained judgement results. Finally, the covariance intersection (CI) fusion strategy is used to achieve the fusion of all local state estimates. The simulation results show that the proposed ADFUKF‐VB algorithm can accurately judge whether the measurement is lost and estimate the unknown measurement loss probability, moreover, effectively improve the accuracy of state estimation compared with the existing filtering algorithms with unknown measurement losses.
Management of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Recommendations of the Working Group on Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine – Section on Maternal Disorders
Authors: Hagenbeck Carsten , Hamza Amr , Kehl Sven , Maul Holger , Lammert Frank , Keitel Verena , Hütten Matthias C. , Pecks Ulrich 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common liver disease specific to pregnancy. The cardinal symptom of pruritus and a concomitant elevated level of bile acids in the serum and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are suggestive for the diagnosis. Overall, the maternal prognosis is good. The fetal outcome depends on the bile acid level. ICP is associated with increased risks for adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm delivery, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and stillbirth. Acute fetal asphyxia and not chronic uteroplacental dysfunction leads to stillbirth. Therefore, predictive fetal monitoring is not possible. While medication with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) improves pruritus, it has not been shown to affect fetal outcome. The indication for induction of labour depends on bile acid levels and gestational age. There is a high risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.
Imaging of Portal Gastroduodenopathy
Authors: Helavar Rajesh V. , Ramappa Vidyasagar , Wali Praveen P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPortal hypertension is characterized by elevated pressure in portal venous system due to portal resistance due to various causes. The etiologies are either pre-hepatic, hepatic, or post-hepatic. Elevated portal pressure results in varices at various sites some of which are difficult to identify on endoscopy alone. Other manifestations of elevated portal pressure include portal gastropathy, enteropathy, colopathy, gastric antral vascular ectasia, and ascites. Imaging plays an essential role in diagnosis and imaging of various manifestations of portal hypertension by determining the locations of varices and plan the management for same. Endoscopy helps in visualizing mucosal varices but newer imaging modalities give a panoramic extent of the disease in the entire gastrointestinal tract with great specificity and sensitivity. Initially, Barium study was used to determine esophageal or gastric varices, computed tomography provides detailed anatomic information which can be used to plan management. Due to advancement in imaging and interventional techniques, treatment for varices has seen advent of multiple minimally invasive interventional radiological techniques. A brief outlook on anatomical aspect of varices and various recent advances in management of the same has been provided. Overall knowledge of the various imaging manifestations of portal hypertension can be helpful to evaluate prognosis and plan proper management.
Reduced Priming Effect for Visual–Spatial Perspective Taking in Patients With Severe Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Costa Alberto , Bivona Umberto , Sulpizio Valentina , Nappo Raffaele , Mastrilli Ludovica , Formisano Rita , Aloisi Marta , Contrada Marianna , Caltagirone Carlo , Galati Gaspare 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveSocial cognition can be impaired after a severe acquired brain injury (sABI), but mechanisms potentially underlying these difficulties remain to be clarified. This study aimed at investigating perspective taking ability in individuals with sABI.MethodTwenty individuals with sABI and 20 healthy controls (HCs) have been enrolled in this case–control study. All participants were submitted to an experimental visual–spatial priming memory procedure and a self-report assessment of perspective taking (i.e., the Interpersonal Reactivity Index [IRI]). Individuals with sABI were submitted to neuropsychological tests to assess executive subcomponents, working memory, and visual attention.ResultsThe analysis on self-report scales data documents a significant between groups difference in the IRI-Fantasy subscale, with HCs showing a higher tendency to imaginatively transpose oneself into fictional situations than individuals with sABI. Analysis of performance on the experimental procedure revealed the priming effect in HCs but not in sABI individuals. Moreover, individuals with sABI performed significantly poorer than HCs on the indices of the experimental procedure.ConclusionsOur data preliminarily demonstrated that visual–spatial perspective taking is reduced after sABI. Findings above could give some clues for the rehabilitative intervention in sABI and suggest the possible application of the procedure here used in assessing perspective taking after sABI.
Deep learning analysis of resting electrocardiograms for the detection of myocardial dysfunction, hypertrophy, and ischaemia: a systematic review
Authors: Al Hinai Ghalib , Jammoul Samer , Vajihi Zara , Afilalo Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of this review was to assess the evidence for deep learning (DL) analysis of resting electrocardiograms (ECGs) to predict structural cardiac pathologies such as left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy, and ischaemic heart disease. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify published original articles on end-to-end DL analysis of resting ECG signals for the detection of structural cardiac pathologies. Studies were excluded if the ECG was acquired by ambulatory, stress, intracardiac, or implantable devices, and if the pathology of interest was arrhythmic in nature. After duplicate reviewers screened search results, 12 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included. Three articles used DL to detect LV systolic dysfunction, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89–0.93 and an accuracy of 98%. One study used DL to detect LV hypertrophy, achieving an AUC of 0.87 and an accuracy of 87%. Six articles used DL to detect acute myocardial infarction, achieving an AUC of 0.88–1.00 and an accuracy of 83–99.9%. Two articles used DL to detect stable ischaemic heart disease, achieving an accuracy of 95–99.9%. Deep learning models, particularly those that used convolutional neural networks, outperformed rules-based models and other machine learning models. Deep learning is a promising technique to analyse resting ECG signals for the detection of structural cardiac pathologies, which has clinical applicability for more effective screening of asymptomatic populations and expedited diagnostic work-up of symptomatic patients at risk for cardiovascular disease.