bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart failure-specific inverse relationship between the muscle sympathetic response to dynamic leg exercise and V̇O2peak
Authors: Keir Daniel A. , Notarius Catherine F. , Badrov Mark B. , Millar Philip J. , Floras John S. 
Published: March 2021

During 1-leg cycling, contralateral muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) falls in healthy adults but increases in most with reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF). We hypothesized that their peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) relates inversely to their MSNA response to exercise. Twenty-nine patients (6 women; 63 ± 9 years; left ventricular ejection fraction: 30 ± 7%; V̇O2peak: 78 ± 23 percent age-predicted (%V̇O2peak); mean ± SD) and 21 healthy adults (9 women; 58 ± 7 years; 115 ± 29%V̇O2peak) performed 2 min of mild- (“loadless”) and moderate-intensity (“loaded”) 1-leg cycling. Heart rate, blood pressure (BP), contralateral leg MSNA and perceived exertion rate (RPE) were recorded. Resting MSNA burst frequency (BF) was higher (p < 0.01) in HFrEF (51 ± 11 vs 44 ± 7 bursts·min−1). Exercise heart rate, BP and RPE responses at either intensity were similar between groups. In minute 2 of “loadless” and “loaded” cycling, group mean BF fell from baseline values in controls (−5 ± 6 and −7 ± 7 bursts·min−1, respectively) but rose in HFrEF (+5 ± 7 and +5 ± 10 bursts·min−1). However, in 10 of the latter cohort, BF fell, similarly to controls. An inverse relationship between ΔBF from baseline to “loaded” cycling and %V̇O2peak was present in patients (r = −0.43, p < 0.05) but absent in controls (r = 0.07, p = 0.77). In HFrEF, ∼18% of variance in %V̇O2peak can be attributed to the change in BF elicited by exercise. Novelty: Unlike healthy individuals, in the majority of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 1-leg cycling increases muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). In HFrEF, ∼18% of age-predicted peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) can be attributed to changes in MSNA elicited by low-intensity exercise. This relationship is absent in healthy adults.
Mixed evidence for biotic homogenization of Southern Appalachian fish communities
Authors: Petersen Kelly N. , Freeman Mary C. , Kirsch Joseph E. , McLarney William O. , Scott Mark C. , Wenger Seth J. 
Published: March 2021

Anthropogenic impacts on the landscape can drive biotic homogenization whereby distinct biological communities become more similar to one another over time. Land-use change in the Southern Appalachian region of the United States is expected to result in homogenization of the highly diverse freshwater fish communities as in-stream habitat alterations favor widespread cosmopolitan species at the expense of more narrowly distributed highland endemic species. We compiled four datasets spanning 25 years to (1) evaluate the effects of environmental factors on relative abundance and richness of highland endemic vs. cosmopolitan species in this region and (2) test for taxonomic homogenization, measured as a change in beta diversity over time. We found that several environmental factors differentially affected highland endemic and cosmopolitan species, with the proportion of forested land cover in a watershed most strongly predicting higher relative abundance and richness of highland endemic species. Our analysis of beta diversity change, however, shows mixed evidence of taxonomic homogenization, depending on how common species are weighted. Shifts in community composition, with or without homogenization, may warrant attention in biodiversity conservation planning.
Perturbative deflection angle, gravitational lensing in the strong field limit and the black hole shadow
Authors: Jia Junji , Huang Ke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA perturbative method to compute the deflection angle of both timelike and null rays in arbitrary static and spherically symmetric spacetimes in the strong field limit is proposed. The result takes a quasi-series form of $$(1-b_c/b)$$

(
1
-

b
c

/
b
)

where b is the impact parameter and $$b_c$$

b
c

is its critical value, with coefficients of the series explicitly given. This result also naturally takes into account the finite distance effect of both the source and detector, and allows to solve the apparent angles of the relativistic images in a more precise way. From this, the BH angular shadow size is expressed as a simple formula containing metric functions and particle/photon sphere radius. The magnification of the relativistic images were shown to diverge at different values of the source-detector angular coordinate difference, depending on the relation between the source and detector distance from the lens. To verify all these results, we then applied them to the Hayward BH spacetime, concentrating on the effects of its charge parameter l and the asymptotic velocity v of the signal. The BH shadow size were found to decrease slightly as l increases to its critical value, and increase as v decreases from light speed. For the deflection angle and the magnification of the images however, both the increase of l and decrease of v will increase their values.
Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting the Next SQL Query from the Future
Authors: Meduri Venkata Vamsikrishna , Chowdhury Kanchan , Sarwat Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

Prediction of the next SQL query from the user, given her sequence of queries until the current timestep, during an ongoing interaction session of the user with the database, can help in speculative query processing and increased interactivity. While existing machine learning-- (ML) based approaches use recommender systems to suggest relevant queries to a user, there has been no exhaustive study on applying temporal predictors to predict the next user issued query.
In this work, we experimentally compare ML algorithms in predicting the immediate next future query in an interaction workload, given the current user query or the sequence of queries in a user session thus far. As a part of this, we propose the adaptation of two powerful temporal predictors: (a) Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and (b) a Reinforcement Learning approach called Q-Learning that uses Markov Decision Processes. We represent each query as a comprehensive set of fragment embeddings that not only captures the SQL operators, attributes, and relations but also the arithmetic comparison operators and constants that occur in the query. Our experiments on two real-world datasets show the effectiveness of temporal predictors against the baseline recommender systems in predicting the structural fragments in a query w.r.t. both quality and time. Besides showing that RNNs can be used to synthesize novel queries, we find that exact Q-Learning outperforms RNNs despite predicting the next query entirely from the historical query logs.
Acute Hypobaric and Hypoxic Preconditioning Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Terada Hirofumi , Hirata Naoyuki , Sawashita Yasuaki , Ohno Sho , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Yamakage Michiaki 
Published: March 2021

Background. Chronic and/or intermittent exposure to hypobaric hypoxia reportedly exerts cardioprotective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, few studies have focused on the cardioprotective effects of acute and/or short-term hypobaric and hypoxic exposures. This study investigated the effects of acute hypobaric hypoxia on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Materials and Methods. Rats were assigned to groups receiving normobaric normoxia (NN group), hypobaric hypoxia (HH group), or normobaric hypoxia (NH group). HH group rats were exposed to 60.8 kPa and 12.6% fraction of inspired oxygen in a hypobaric chamber for 6 h. NH group rats were exposed to hypoxic conditions under normal pressure. After each exposure, 30 min of myocardial ischemia was followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Cardiac function and infarct size were determined after reperfusion. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) was also measured. Results. Cardiac function was better preserved in the HH and NH groups than in the NN group (

p

< 0.01 each). Median infarct size/area at risk was significantly lower in the HH group (50%, interquartile range [IQR] 48–54%;

p

< 0.01 vs. NN group) and NH group (45%, IQR 36–50%;

p

< 0.01 vs. NN group) than in the NN group (72%, IQR 69–75%). HIF1α expression was significantly higher in the HH group (

p

< 0.05 vs. NN group) and NH group (

p

< 0.01 vs. NN group) than in the NN group. Conclusions. Exposure to acute and/or short-term hypobaric and hypoxic conditions might exert cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via HIF1α modulation.
How to Read Fishes: Science, Empathy, and Salar the Salmon
Authors: Allmark-Kent Candice 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite the interdisciplinarity of human-animal studies, there has been little research about the interactions between science and literature in relation to nonhuman animals. This paper explores the representation of Atlantic salmons (Salmo salar) and brown trouts (Salmo trutta) in Henry Williamson’s classic work of animal fiction, Salar the Salmon (1935). In particular, the analysis focuses on depictions of mental states and subjective experiences in fishes. This work offers the first animal-centric analysis of the text, while also addressing the marginalization of fishes in literary animal studies. The wider purpose is to identify the ways in which fiction can influence public perceptions and encourage empathy in readers. The ultimate aim is to improve our methods of communicating about fishes in both literature and science.
El Criterio del Placer en las Leyes V 733a-734e
Authors: Giménez José Antonio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Book v of Plato’s Laws, he defends that a virtuous life is better than a vicious one, based on the idea that the former involves more pleasure than the latter (733a-734e). The use of this kind of argumentation seems to contradict other passages of the Laws, in which it will be objected that pleasure can work as a criterion of election. This essay aims to show that this recourse does not presuppose any kind of hedonism. In order to prove this, I hold that in the Laws (i) education tries to integrate our natural tendencies in the good life; (ii) this integration is possible because some pleasures can be pursued for their own sake because they are harmless. Based on these principles, I argue that (iii) the argument of Book v appeals to the possibility of choosing pleasure if they are not involved in other criteria of election.
Effect of Drag Coefficient Parameterizations on Air–Sea Coupled Simulations: A Case Study for Typhoons Haima and Nida in 2016
Authors: Feng Xingru , Sun Junchuan , Yang Dezhou , Yin Baoshu , Gao Guandong , Wan Weiqi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReasonable parameterization of air–sea momentum flux is important for the accuracy of ocean and atmosphere simulations, and in the numerical model, the parameterization of the air–sea momentum flux becomes a problem of parameterization of the sea surface wind stress drag coefficient (Cd). In this study, five kinds of typical Cd parameterization methods were assessed in the simulation of two typhoon cases, one of which was a supertyphoon and another was a common severe typhoon, based on an atmosphere–wave–ocean coupled model. Based on the two case studies, it was found that the typhoon path and minimum sea level pressure were not very sensitive to Cd parameterizations, though the spatial distribution of Cd and its variation with wind speed were all very different across the parameterization methods. However, Cd has a significant effect on the wind speed, and at high wind speed, the simulated maximum wind speed compared better with the observation in the experiment that adopted the Cd calculation method considering the effects of sea spray. Also, Cd plays an important role in the feedback processes between atmosphere and ocean during the typhoon process, through its effect on the air–sea heat and momentum flux, SST, ocean mixed layer depth, ocean currents, etc. The results of this study answered the question of how the Cd affects the atmosphere and ocean during the typhoon process, and to what extent they are affected, which can help to explain or even further improve the simulation results.
Clinical Practices in Head and Neck Cancer: A Speech-Language Pathologist Practice Pattern Survey
Authors: Logan Ashley M. , Landera Mario A. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Clinical practices of speech-language pathologists (SLP) treating head and neck cancer (HNC) patients range widely despite literature trending toward best practices. This survey study was designed to identify current patterns and assess for gaps in clinical implementation of research evidence. Method: A web-based survey was distributed to SLPs via listserv and social media outlets. Descriptive statistics and group calculations were completed to identify trends and associations in responses. Results: Of 152 received surveys, the majority of respondents were hospital-based (86%) and had greater than 5 years of experience (65%). There was group consensus for the use of prophylactic exercise programs (95%), recommendations for SLP intervention during HNC treatment (75%), and use of maintenance programs post-treatment (97%). Conversely, no group consensus was observed for use of pre-treatment swallow evaluations, frequency of service provision, and content of therapy sessions. Variation in clinical decision making was noted in use of prophylactic feeding tubes and number of patients taking nothing by mouth during treatment. No associations were found between years of experience and decision-making practices, nor were any associations found between practice setting and clinical decision making. Conclusion: Despite the growing body of literature outlining evidence-based treatment practices for HNC patients, clinical practice patterns among SLPs continue to vary widely resulting in inconsistent patient care across practice settings. As compared to prior similar data, increased alignment with best practices was observed relative to early referrals, implementation of prophylactic intervention programs, and intervention with the SLP during the period of HNC treatment.
Treatment of Paranasal Sinus Fungus Ball: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fadda Gian Luca , Allevi Fabiana , Rosso Cecilia , Martino Federica , Pipolo Carlotta , Cavallo Giovanni , Felisati Giovanni , Saibene Alberto Maria 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Paranasal sinus fungus ball is a common non-invasive mycosis with excellent long-term surgical treatment results. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to define current treatment concepts and success rates in paranasal sinus fungus ball treatment. Methods: Systematic searches were performed in multiple databases with criteria designed to include all studies published until May 2020 focusing on paranasal sinuses fungus ball treatment in humans. We selected studies including at least 10 patients, specifying treatment modalities, providing a minimum 6-month follow-up, and objectivating treatment success. After duplicate removal, abstract and full-text selection, and quality assessment, we reviewed eligible articles for treatment modalities and success rates. Success rates were pooled in a random effect meta-analysis and compared according to the use of intraoperative sinus lavages and postoperative antibiotics. Results: Among 740 unique citations, 14 studies were deemed eligible. Most (n = 11) were retrospective case series. All studies relied on endoscopic sinus surgery. Intraoperative lavages were proposed in 10 studies and postoperative antibiotics in 7 (for all patients in 5 studies and for selected patients in 2). No significant heterogeneity was observed between results (Cochran’s Q P = .639, I2 test = 0). Treatment success rate was 98.4% (95% confidence interval 97.4%-99.3%). Intraoperative sinus toilette and postoperative antibiotics didn’t significantly improve the success rate. Conclusion: Endoscopic sinus surgery shows excellent results in fungus ball treatment. Further prospective studies might help further reducing antibiotics prescriptions in these patients and improve their management.
HPLC with spectrophotometric or mass spectrometric detection for quantifying very-long chain fatty acids in human plasma and its association with cardiac risk factors
Authors: Shrestha Rojeet , Chen Zhen , Gao Zijun , Chen Yifan , Okada Emiko , Ukawa Shigekazu , Nakagawa Takafumi , Nakamura Koshi , Tamakoshi Akiko , Chiba Hitoshi , Hui Shu-Ping 
Published: March 2021

Background We developed and compared two liquid chromatography methods, one with UV/Visible spectrophotometric detection (HPLC) and the other with mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS), for quantifying very-long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in human plasma. Association of VLCFA with various cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. Method Fasting blood samples were collected from 541 human volunteers (242 men and 299 women; mean age ±SD, 58.9 ± 12.4 years), including 429 and 112 individuals with and without hypertriglyceridemia, respectively. Esterified VLCFA were saponified and derivatized with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine. Separation of VLCFA species was achieved with C4 Mightysil column (HPLC) and Ascentis Express Phenyl-Hexyl column (LC-MS) followed by spectrophotometric and selected-reaction monitoring mode of mass spectrometric detection, respectively. Results The HPLC assay of VLCFA was precise with intra-assay imprecision of 2.5% to 6.9% and inter-assay imprecision of 3.2% to 9.5%. Moreover, there was an excellent correlation (r > 0.96) between HPLC and LC-MS methods. The 95 percentile reference intervals (RI; upper limit) of VLCFA were determined to be 41.3 µmol/L in healthy volunteers. Plasma VLCFA were significantly correlated with triglycerides (Spearman’s ρ = 0.306, P <  0.001) and total cholesterol (Spearman’s ρ = 0.251, P <  0.001). All species of VLCFA were significantly elevated in hypertriglyceridaemic individuals compared with control. Conclusion We established LC-based assays of VLCFA with either spectrophotometry or mass spectrometry as a detection system. Hypertriglyceridaemia is significantly associated with elevated concentration of each species of VLCFA.
‘Modelling social exclusion in a diagnostically-mixed sample of people with severe mental illness’
Authors: Mezey Gillian , White Sarah , Harrison Isobel , Bousfield Jennifer , Killaspy Helen , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Payne Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Background: Social inclusion is an important indicator of recovery in individuals with severe mental illness. The Social Inclusion Questionnaire User Experience (SInQUE) is a new measure of social inclusion for mental health service users which assesses five domains (consumption, production, access to services, social integration and civil engagement). It has good psychometric properties and is acceptable to service users and mental health professionals. It is not clear whether individuals with different diagnostic conditions experience a similar reduction in social inclusion. Aims: (1) Investigate whether current social inclusion differs between diagnostic groups (people with schizophrenia/other psychotic disorders, common mental disorder or personality disorder); (2) Identify factors associated with lower social inclusion; (3) Examine associations between social inclusion and stigma, quality of life and loneliness. Method: Mental health service users with psychotic disorder, personality disorder or common mental disorder, living in the community, completed the SInQUE, alongside other validated outcome measures. Multiple regression investigated associations. Results: About 192 service users (55% with psychotic disorder; 26% with common mental disorder; 19% with personality disorder). Current social inclusion did not vary according to diagnosis, except for the sub-domain of productivity, where individuals with personality disorder were more socially included than the other two groups. Lower social inclusion was associated with older age ( p = .008), lack of higher education ( p < .001), more previous admissions ( p = .005), severity of current symptoms and greater experienced stigma ( p = .006) and anticipated stigma ( p = .035). Greater social inclusion was associated with better quality of life ( p < .001) and less loneliness ( p < .001). Conclusions: Barriers to social inclusion in individuals with severe mental health problems include factors related to the illness, such as symptom severity and external factors, such as stigma and discrimination. Social inclusion is a recovery goal and should be routinely assessed. Increasing people’s social inclusion benefits service users in terms of improved mental health, better quality of life and reduced loneliness.
Barriers in Accessing Social Welfare Benefits for Families of Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disorders in Rural Karnataka: A Situation Analysis
Authors: Reddy Shanivaram K. , Jagnnathan Aarti , Ashraf Guddekoppa H. , Kumar Chennaveerachari Naveen , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Banerjee Ruma , Muralidhar Daliboina 
Published: March 2021

Background: Several government schemes exist for the welfare of families having children with intellectual and developmental disorders (IDDs) in India. However, these schemes are often not utilized. An understanding of the barriers to access these social welfare benefits, especially in rural areas of India, can aid in planning social action toward the implementation of these schemes. Methods: A situation analysis of the resources and potential barriers to access social welfare benefits for families of children with IDD was conducted in a rural community. Stakeholder interviews were conducted with families of children with IDD ( n = 20), government officials responsible for implementing education at the state level ( n = 5), local officials responsible for facilitating social welfare benefits ( n = 5), and nongovernmental organization (NGO) working in the area of children with IDD ( n = 3). Qualitative thematic analysis was used to understand the barriers to access social welfare benefits for the families of children with IDD. Results: Barriers encountered by families of children with IDD, local officials, and NGOs included lack of awareness about the available welfare schemes, unavailability of social welfare facilities in the local areas, lack of social auditing in the provision of social welfare schemes to the needy, and stringent process of application and regulation for financial aid under the National Trust schemes. Conclusion: There are multiple barriers to access social welfare benefits for families having children with IDD in rural Karnataka. There is a strong need to empower families, sensitize local officials, and advocate for social policies to effectively implement National Trust schemes in rural areas of Karnataka.