bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Complexity of Aphasia With Network Analysis
Authors: Ashaie Sameer , Castro Nichol 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Aphasia is a complex, neurogenic language disorder, with different aphasia syndromes hallmarked by impairment in fluency, auditory comprehension, naming, and/or repetition. Broad, standardized assessments of language domains and specific language and cognitive assessments provide a holistic impairment profile of a person with aphasia. While many recognize the correlations between assessments, there remains a need to continue understanding the complexity of relationships between assessments for the purpose of better characterization of language impairment profiles of persons with aphasia. We explored the use of network analysis to identify the complex relationships between a variety of language assessments.

Method
We computed a regularized partial correlation network and a directed acyclic graph network to estimate the relations between different aphasia assessments in 128 persons with aphasia.

Results
Western Aphasia Battery–Revised Comprehension subtest was the most central assessment in the aphasia symptom network, whereas the Philadelphia Naming Test had the most putative causal influence on other assessments. Additionally, the language assessments segregated into three empirically derived communities denoting phonology, semantics, and syntax. Furthermore, several assessments, including the Philadelphia Naming Test, belonged to multiple communities, suggesting that certain assessments may capture multiple language impairments.

Conclusion
We discuss the implications of using a network analysis approach for clinical intervention and driving forward novel questions in the field of clinical aphasiology.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16620229
Effects of Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting on Cardiovascular Parameters: A systematic Review
Authors: da Silva Gustavo Oliveira , Santini Luiza Batista , Farah Breno Quintella , Germano-Soares Antonio Henrique , Correia Mariliade Almeida , Ritti-Dias Raphael Mendes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to analyze the acute and chronic effects of sitting breaks on cardiovascular parameters. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched by two independent researchers for relevant studies published until February 2020. Acute or chronic studies reporting the effects of sitting breaks or reduction in sitting time on cardiovascular parameters were examined. The eligibility criteria followed PICOS: Population - Humans ≥ 18 years old; Interventions – Sitting break strategies; Comparisons – Uninterrupted sitting; Outcomes – Cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, ambulatory blood pressure, vascular function, pulse-wave velocity, cerebral blood flow and biomarkers); Study design – Randomized controlled trials, non-randomized non-controlled trials and randomized crossover trials. Forty-five studies were included, where 35 investigated the acute and 10 the chronic effects of sitting breaks or reductions in sitting time. Walking was the main acute study strategy, used in different volumes (1 min 30 s to 30 min), intensities (light to vigorous) and frequencies (every 20 min to every 2 h). Acute studies found improvements on cardiovascular parameters, especially blood pressure, flow-mediated dilation, and biomarkers, whereas chronic studies found improvements mostly on blood pressure. Breaking up or reducing sitting time improves cardiovascular parameters, especially with walking.
Kopfschmerzen bei Kindern – aktuelle Empfehlungen und
Krankengeschichten
Authors: Lucae Christian 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungKopfschmerzen sind im Kindes-und Jugendalter ein häufiger
Vorstellungsgrund in der pädiatrischen Praxis. Dazu werden aktuelle
Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und konventioneller Therapie erläutert.
Anschließend werden anhand von 4 exemplarisch ausgewählten
Krankengeschichten homöopathische Therapiemöglichkeiten
dargestellt, die sich problemlos in ein integratives Konzept eingliedern
lassen.
Das Phytotherapeutikum Johanniskraut: Die Möglichkeit seiner
Anwendung in der Onkologie
Authors: Pfuhlmann Katrin , Klose Petra , Langhorst Jost 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungBestimmte Extrakte des Johanniskrautes sind in Deutschland als Arzneimittel
zugelassen und können auf Patientenwunsch zur Therapie der leichten bis
mittelschweren Depression sowie zur kurzzeitigen symptomatischen Therapie bei
leichter depressiver Verstimmung angewandt werden. Eine Überlegenheit
oder Gleichwertigkeit von Johanniskraut gegenüber Placebo in klinischen
Studien, geringe Nebenwirkungen sowie eine gute Patientenakzeptanz
natürlicher Arzneimittel sind Gründe, die für eine
Therapie mit Johanniskraut sprechen. Klinische Studien, welche explizit die
Wirksamkeit von Johanniskraut auf die Depressivität onkologischer
PatientInnen untersuchen, liegen derzeit nicht vor. Die S3 Leitlinie
„Komplementärmedizin in der Behandlung von onkologischen
PatientInnen“ beschreibt, in Anlehnung an die Nationale
Versorgungsleitlinie „Unipolare Depression“, eine
mögliche Anwendung im Rahmen auftretender Depressionen im onkologischen
Kontext. Im Rahmen der Therapie des Mammakarzinoms kann Johanniskraut gegen
Hitzewallungen eingesetzt werden. Erste experimentelle Ex-vivo-Versuche zeigen
eine mögliche antikanzerogene Wirkung des Johanniskrautes. Diese
Ergebnisse gilt es in großangelegten, qualitativ hochwertigen,
klinischen Studien zu prüfen.
Synthesizing Highly Fluorinated Oligophenyls via Negishi Coupling of Fluoroarylzinc Pivalates
Authors: Stoesser Julian , Huber Stefan M. , Engelage Elric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPreviously established general synthetic methods for the synthesis of highly fluorinated biphenyls using Suzuki–Miyaura protocols require the use of organoboron compounds, which are not very stable under reactions conditions and thus need to be used in large excess. Herein, we report an improved general strategy for the synthesis of highly fluorinated biphenyls, terphenyls, and phenyl-substituted terphenyls using organozinc pivalates. The influence of several parameters was investigated: (1) in a series of monodentate phosphine ligands, X-Phos showed the best performance; (2) a higher yield was obtained for substrates bearing less steric hindrance or lower amount of fluorine substitution; (3) as iodinated substrates decomposed during the reaction, brominated electrophiles were found to be superior. The presented protocol is scalable, versatile, and works with commonly used and commercially available phosphine ligands (X-Phos) and palladium sources (Pd2dba3). Also, it does not require excess nucleophile for terphenyl synthesis and only a slight excess is needed for the preparation of phenyl substituted terphenyls.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Dimeric Steroid Spiroketals
Authors: Iglesias-Arteaga Martín A. , Mayorquín-Torres Martha C. , Maldonado-Domínguez Mauricio , Flores-Álamo Marcos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of six dimeric spiroketals bearing an estradiol half fused to the 5α- or 5β-epimers of androstane, cholestane, and spirostane nuclei is described. The synthetic procedure comprises the Sonogashira­ coupling of different steroid alkynes with 2-iodoestradiol 17-monoacetate, followed by Pd-catalyzed spiroketalization. The structural characterization of the obtained hybrid dimers was performed using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and was assisted by DFT calculations. Single crystal X-ray diffraction of one of the obtained compounds confirmed the proposed structures.
Long-Term Outcome of Children with Short Bowel Syndrome Treated with a Modification of the STEP Technique Avoiding Mesenteric Defect
Authors: Bueno Javier , García-Martínez Laura , Redecillas Susana , Segarra Oscar , López Manuel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background The Serial Transverse Enteroplasty Procedure (STEP) Registry has reported a 47% success to achieve enteral autonomy in pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS). We have performed the STEP with a technical modification (MSTEP) consisting in stapler application without mesenteric defects that can also be applied to the duodenum. Our experience with this technique is described.
Materials and Methods In this study, 16 children with SBS underwent MSTEP (2005–2019). Indications were nutritional autonomy achievement (n = 11, with duodenal lengthening in 5/11) and bacterial overgrowth treatment (n = 5).
Results With a median follow-up of 5.8 years (0.7–13.7 years), 5 of 11 (45%) patients achieved enteral autonomy, 4 of them with duodenal lengthening. Four of four who preserved > 50% colon, while only one of seven with < 50% of colon achieved enteral autonomy (p < 0.05). After redo procedures, three of four attained enteral autonomy. Thus, 8 of 11 (73%) progressed to enteral autonomy, including all with duodenal lengthening. One child, already parenteral nutrition free, died due to central line sepsis. All the patients from the bacterial translocation group improved their metabolic/nutritional status, but one required subsequent enterectomy of the lengthened intestine due to multiple ulcers in the staple lines.
Conclusion The effectiveness of MSTEP to achieve enteral autonomy seems similar to the classical STEP. It can be applied to the duodenum. The retained colon length may influence the post-STEP enteral autonomy achievement.
Use of 3D Printed Models to Determine Accurate Bone Cuts during a Periacetabular Osteotomy for Developmental Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Driesman Adam , Buchalter Daniel , Kirby David J. , Wake Nicole , Castaneda Pablo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a powerful tool to delay the progression of hip arthritis by reorienting the acetabulum. This study aimed to use three-dimensional (3D)-printed models of the pelvis, reconstructed from the computed tomography (CT) scans of patients, to model how the level of dysplasia and its location ilium osteotomy affect radiographic outcomes following PAO. This pilot study aims to determine if preoperative 3D printing/planning can assist in predicting radiographic outcomes. We performed a retrospective review of five patients with differing levels of hip dysplasia for whom we had obtained CT scans before PAO surgery. For each patient, we printed two pelvis models that would undergo standardized cuts of the PAO procedure, with variations only in the distance of the ilium start point (one-third of the distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and anterior inferior iliac spine [AIIS] vs. two-thirds of the distance). We then mobilized the acetabular fragment into eight reproducible positions in space by moving the ilium cut a combination of 0, 1, or 2 cm anterior/lateral. Each position of the newly realigned acetabula was examined under fluoroscopy to obtain a standardized anteroposterior view, and to obtain standardized radiographic measurements in the form of lateral center edge angle (CEA), acetabular depth, Tonnis angle, and acetabular inclination. We performed 80 simulations of the PAO with varying degrees of acetabular mobilization. On average, in the models where the supra-acetabular cut was closer to the AIIS, we found more significant degrees of radiographic correction, regarding Tonnis angles (12.91 vs. 7.95, p = 0.0175), acetabular inclination (20.25 vs. 9.875, p = 0.027), and lateral CEA (11.75 vs. 2.5, p = 0.061). Patients who had greater dysplasia also had more significant degrees of radiographic Tonnis angle correction with the same mobilization movements of the acetabula (p = 0.005). When utilizing 3D printing to model PAO in dysplasia pelvises, we found that both a higher level of preoperative dysplasia and starting the supra-acetabular osteotomy closer to the AIIS were associated with more powerful corrections following smaller manipulations.
Complications and Unsuccessful Same-Day Discharge Following Outpatient Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) in the Medicare Population: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Impact
Authors: Gordon Adam M. , Malik Azeem Tariq 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn 2020, total hip arthroplasty (THA) was removed from the inpatient-only list by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The objective was to analyze outpatient THA in the Medicare population to understand incidence of failed same-day discharge (SDD) and risk factors for complications and extended length of stay (LOS). The 2015–2019 American College of Surgeons—National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for Medicare patients (≥ 65 years) undergoing outpatient THA. Short-term complications, LOS, and discharge destination were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors for complications, failed SDD, reoperation, readmission, and non-home discharge disposition. Overall, 2,063 THAs were included. Complication rate was 7.4%. The number of patients staying in the hospital ≥ 1 day was 1,080 (52%). A total of 151 patients (7.3%) experienced a non-home discharge. Predictors for having any complication was an extended LOS ≥ 1 day (odds ratio [OR] 2.86), p < 0.001. Significant predictors for failed SDD were smoking history (OR 2.25), operative time ≥ 82 minutes (OR 1.98), American Society of Anesthesiologists Class > II (OR 1.67), and age ≥ 71 (OR 1.31) (all p ≤ 0.004). Significant predictors for a non-home discharge were LOS ≥ 1 day (OR 13.71), American Society of Anesthesiologists Class > II (OR 2.36), age ≥ 71 (OR 2.07), operative time ≥ 82 minutes (OR 1.88), and female gender (OR 1.81), all p ≤ 0.003. The current study identifies the incidence, risk factors, and clinical impact of postoperative complications and prolonged LOS in Medicare-aged patients undergoing outpatient THA. Providers should consider preoperatively risk stratifying patients to reduce the costs associated with extended LOS, complication, and unplanned discharge destination.
10.24.4 Product Subclass 4: Pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles and Related Benzo-Fused Ring Systems
Authors: Harris P. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles and related indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines and pyrido[2′,1′:3,4]pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-5-ium salts are reviewed in this chapter. The most common routes to pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles involve cyclization of indole derivatives containing a formyl, keto, ester, or nitrile function at the 2-position. Indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines are most readily accessed via cyclization of 1-(aryl)-1H-indoles, where the aryl group is substituted at the 2-position by either amino, iodo, or nitro functionality.
All-solid-state bipolar pulsed generator based on linear transformer driver and push–pull circuit
Authors: Sun Guoxiang , Wang Xia , Shen Saikang , Li Lanxi , Shang Tianyi , Ding Weidong 
Published: September 2021

All-solid-state linear transformer drivers (LTDs) are widely used in high-voltage repetitive nanosecond-pulsed generators, and only a few LTD generators can output bipolar rectangular waves currently. Furthermore, owing to the large reverse overshoot when the output pulse width is long, fewer LTD generators can achieve a rectangular wave output with a microsecond pulse width. In this study, a bipolar LTD circuit topology based on a push–pull circuit is proposed for irreversible electroporation. In this topology, a single-stage LTD module has four push–pull branches in its primary winding to achieve a bipolar output and a short-circuited winding with two resistor–capacitor–diode snubbers to suppress forward/reverse overshoot. A single-stage LTD module and a 12-stage LTD have been tested, and the results show that they can output bipolar rectangular pulses with variable parameters. When the output pulse width is 100 ns to 1 µs, the maximum output voltage amplitude is 5.74 kV, the rise time is 29.1 ns, and the reverse overshoot at 1 µs is 2.9%. When the output pulse width is 1–8 µs, the maximum output voltage amplitude is 2.93 kV, the rise time is 24.3 ns, and the reverse overshoot at 8 µs is 11.3%.
Design and implementation of plasma electron density measurements based on FPGA with all-phase FFT for tokamak devices
Authors: Shu Shuangbao , Lai Jin , Chen Zhiqiang , Wang Yong , Zhang Yuzhong , Tao Xiaojie , Lang Xianli , Chen JingJing 
Published: September 2021

Plasma electron density is one of the most fundamental parameters when studying tokamak plasma physics, which is widely used in plasma control systems and plasma physics analyses. A hydrogen cyanide laser interferometer is generally applied to measure the plasma electron density in many tokamak devices. Therein, the plasma electron density is calculated by measuring the phase difference between the reference signal and the detector signal. This work provides a new way to realize real-time measurements of the plasma electron density with a phase comparator and processing system based on a field-programmable gate array chip. The system integrates a signal processing module, an all-phase fast Fourier transform (ap-FFT) module realized via matrix operations and phase comparisons, and a network communication module all in one board. This work concludes that the ap-FFT is robust and accurate for phase calculations compared with a windowing FFT. A data-reuse method and a phase shift method are proposed to improve the time resolution and phase range. The phase error is less than 0.1° and the time resolution is 0.025 ms, which is better than hardware methods and traditional software methods. This system is highly flexible with reduced design costs to meet the requirements of a tokamak, which can provide a valuable reference for other tokamak and phase difference comparisons.
Koala retrovirus genetic diversity and transmission dynamics within captive koala populations
Authors: Joyce Briony A. , Blyton Michaela D. J. , Johnston Stephen D. , Young Paul R. , Chappell Keith J. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
A conserved retrovirus, koala retrovirus (KoRV)-A, is present within the genome of koalas in most Australian populations. Additional divergent sequences and subtypes are thought to be exogenously transmissible and more pathogenic. We present a comprehensive analysis of KoRV genetic diversity within two captive koala populations and statistically significant evidence of exogenous transmission occurring primarily through maternal transmission. These findings suggest strategies which may help limit the spread of pathogenic KoRV subtypes. We raise the possibility that captive breeding programs could target use of antiretroviral drugs to dams during the breeding season. While substantial research is needed to demonstrate safety and effectiveness, this presents a potentially important conservation strategy for koala populations severely affected by disease and currently in rapid decline.
Legacy genetics of
Arachis cardenasii
in the peanut crop shows the profound benefits of international seed exchange
Authors: Bertioli David J. , Clevenger Josh , Godoy Ignacio J. , Stalker H. T. , Wood Shona , Santos Joáo F. , Ballén-Taborda Carolina , Abernathy Brian , Azevedo Vania , Campbell Jacqueline , Chavarro Carolina , Chu Ye , Farmer Andrew D. , Fonceka Daniel , Gao Dongying , Grimwood Jane , Halpin Neil , Korani Walid , Michelotto Marcos D. , Ozias-Akins Peggy , Vaughn Justin , Youngblood Ramey , Moretzsohn Marcio C. , Wright Graeme C. , Jackson Scott A. , Cannon Steven B. , Scheffler Brian E. , Leal-Bertioli Soraya C. M. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
A great challenge for humanity is feeding its growing population while minimizing ecosystem damage and climate change. Here, we uncover the global benefits arising from the introduction of one wild species accession to peanut-breeding programs decades ago. This work emphasizes the importance of biodiversity to crop improvement: peanut cultivars with genetics from this wild accession provided improved food security and reduced use of fungicide sprays. However, this study also highlights the perilous consequences of changes in legal frameworks and attitudes concerning biodiversity. These changes have greatly reduced the botanical collections, seed exchanges, and international collaborations which are essential for the continued diversification of crop genetics and, consequently, the long-term resilience of crops against evolving pests and pathogens and changing climate.
Submersed micropatterned structures control active nematic flow, topology, and concentration
Authors: Thijssen Kristian , Khaladj Dimitrius A. , Aghvami S. Ali , Gharbi Mohamed Amine , Fraden Seth , Yeomans Julia M. , Hirst Linda S. , Shendruk Tyler N. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Methods to manipulate and control the dynamics of spontaneously flowing active materials are vital if these fluids are to lead to technological applications. We report the development of an easy-to-implement technique to achieve tunable, local control over active nematic films, the preeminent example of active fluids. We establish that micropatterns, fully submersed below active films, have a pronounced impact on dynamics. To showcase the adaptability of our technique, we present four proof-of-concept microstructures: trenches, undulated sinusoids, stairways, and pillars. Each illustrates a particular strength of our approach, including enacting abrupt virtual boundaries to trap topological defects, separating distinct flow states at constant levels of biochemical fuel, gently guiding self-propelled defects, and modifying local active nematic composition.
Identifying extracellular vesicle populations from single cells
Authors: Nikoloff Jonas M. , Saucedo-Espinosa Mario A. , Kling André , Dittrich Petra S. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are omnipresent in humans and contribute to the intercellular communication between cells. Their content, size, quantity, and surface markers depend on their cytosolic origin and the protein complex involved in membrane trafficking. Hence, vesicles may serve as valuable biomarkers, accessible via liquid biopsies. As of today, however, phenotype-specific EV subpopulations have not been clearly identified, mainly because EVs can be taken up and modified by other cells, hindering the heterogeneous EV production of individual cells. The proposed method enables robust classification of the EVs secreted by single cells, assessing their heterogeneity with respect to surface markers. In the future, this tool can be employed to assess the release and uptake dynamics of EVs in a controlled environment.
An expression for the angle of repose of dry cohesive granular materials on Earth and in planetary environments
Authors: Elekes Filip , Parteli Eric J. R. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
The angle between the sloping side of a heap of particles and the horizontal, called angle of repose, is often used to characterize the flowability of granular materials on Earth and planetary environments, such as sand, dust aerosols, and powders. In planetary research, this angle provides an excellent proxy for particle size. The smaller the particle is, the larger the effect of attractive forces between atoms and molecules on the surface of the particles relative to particle weight, the less flowable the material, and the steeper, thus, the angle of repose. We present a model that accurately predicts the angle of repose as a function of particle size, both on Earth and under extraterrestrial gravity.