bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties and mechanism of a poly(ionic liquid) inhibitor contained bi‐functional groups for bentonite hydration
Authors: Wang Hao , Gao Yihang , Jia Xuhong , Liu Quanyi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPresent polymer inhibitors depend on a major inhibitory group to restrain bentonite hydration, and monomer design is concerned to improve the inhibition and stability through complex copolymerization. Conveniently, a homopolymer (PIL‐NH2) that contained primary amine and cationic imidazolium as bi‐functional groups was proposed, aiming to provide two synergistic inhibitory modes. Comprehensive methods were conducted to characterize the chemical structure and inhibitory performance of PIL‐NH2. The ζ potential absolute value of bentonite suspension was decreased by PIL‐NH2 from 28.7–33.3 mV to 4–7 mV, and the increment of bentonite particle size d50 was observable from 1.83892 μm to over 200 μm. With water squeezed out, the lattice spacing d001 of hydrated bentonite was reduced from 1.9070 to 1.2683 nm due to PIL‐NH2 intercalation. The ESEM images revealed that inhibited bentonite showed a tight structure with classical dehydration phenomenon, and the hydrogen bond between PIL‐NH2 and bentonite was further confirmed according to the FT‐IR result. In mechanism analysis, the electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bond existed simultaneously for PIL‐NH2 to adsorb bentonite. The two adsorption modes from bi‐functional groups were synergistic to improve inhibition remarkably. PIL‐NH2 maintained high performance during the whole hydration process, including crystalline hydration, osmotic hydration, and hydrated dispersion.
Profiling pharmacokinetics of double‐negative T cells and cytokines via a single intravenous administration in NSG mice
Authors: Xu Shangzhi , Ge Xinyu , Wang Liuyang , Tao Yimin , Tang Dongmei , Deng Xiaojie , Yang Fei , Zhang Qian , Qi Xinming , Gong Likun , Yang Liming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study was intended to delineate the profile of double‐negative T cells (DNTs) in NOD.Cg‐Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1wj/SzJ mice and cytokines released from DNTs in vivo and in vitro. Total 4 × 107 cells of RC1012 injection per mice were intravenously infused. IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10 were measured in vivo and in vitro. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to determine the gene copies of Notch2‐NLA per DNT cell from collected organs. Cytokines were significantly increased in vitro (4 h) and in vivo (3 h). DNT cells were distributed into the lung, liver, heart, and kidney earlier, and redistributed to lymphocyte homing spleen and bone marrow, which seemed to frame a two‐compartment pharmacokinetics (PK) model but more data are needed to confirm this, and the clearance of DNT cells fell into first‐order kinetics.
Preparative separation of six compounds from Salvia yunnanensis Radix using pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Ma Tianyu , Wang Xinming , Li Lili , Wang Xiao , Guo Lanping , Liu Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhenolic acids are the main active components in Salvia yunnanensis Radix, which have significant effects such as cardiovascular protection, anti‐thrombosis, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐inflammation. In this study, pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography (pH‐ZRCCC) was successfully applied to the preparative separation of phenolic acids from S. yunnanensis Radix. First, a two‐phase solvent system composed of Pet–EtOAc–ACN–H2O (1.5:2.5:1:5, v/v) [TFA (10 mM) was added in the upper phase and NH3·H2O (30 mM) was added in the lower phase] was used for the separation of 4.0 g of the crude sample to obtain 55.6 mg of rosmarinic acid (1), 69.0 mg of caffeic acid (2), 18.9 mg of protocatechualdehyde (3), 14.6 mg of 8‐epiblechnic acid 9‐methyl ester (4), and a mixture containing two compounds. After the recovery, 1.3 g of the mixture was obtained and separated using the MtBE–H2O (1:1, v/v) solvent system containing TFA (5 mM) and NH3·H2O (60 mM) to obtain 259.9 mg of salvianolic acid B (5) and 28.75 mg of lithospermic acid (6). Moreover, a systematic separation pattern for separating the relatively low‐polarity phenolic acids from natural products by pH‐ZRCCC was summarized for the first time. This study provided technical support for the pharmacological activity and quality control research of S. yunnanensis Radix.
Prosociality during COVID‐19: Globally focussed solidarity brings greater benefits than nationally focussed solidarity
Authors: Zagefka Hanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany charities are appealing for donations to address problems caused by the COVID‐19 crisis. Two survey studies (totalN = 500) tested predictors of donation intentions of British participants to help those suffering from the crisis in Britain (ingroup donations) and overseas (outgroup donations). Perceptions of international, global common fate in our success in managing and overcoming the crisis was positively associated with prosocial intentions towards both national ingroup and outgroup targets. In contrast, a desire to ‘close ranks’ within the national ingroup in the face of the pandemic threat was associated with more prosocial intentions towards national ingroup targets only, but it was associated withfewerprosocial intentions towards outgroup targets. This suggests that a focus on global solidarity (in the form of global common fate and identification with all humans) has positive effects on helping both within and across group boundaries, whereas a focus on national solidarity (in the form of ‘closing ranks’ in the face of the pandemic threat) has positive effects on helping within the national group but negative effects on prosocial tendencies towards outgroup members. The effect of perceived global common fate on both ingroup and outgroup helping was mediated by identification with all of humanity. Findings are discussed in terms of practical implications for managing the COVID‐19 crisis. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article'sCommunity and Social Impact Statement.
Prognostic impact of echocardiographic mean transvalvular gradients in patients with aortic stenosis and low flow undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Fischer‐Rasokat Ulrich , Renker Matthias , Liebetrau Christoph , Weferling Maren , Rolf Andreas , Doss Mirko , Hamm Christian W. , Kim Won‐Keun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlunted left ventricular hemodynamics reflected by a low stroke volume index (SVI) ≤35 mL/m2 body surface area (low flow [LF]) in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) are associated with worse outcomes even after correction of afterload by transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). These patients can have a low or high transvalvular mean pressure gradient (MPG). We investigated the impact of the pre‐interventional MPG on outcomes after TAVI.MethodsPatients with LF AS were classified into those with normal (EF ≥ 50%; LF/NEF) or reduced ejection fraction (EF < 50%; LF/REF) and were then stratified according to an MPG < or ≥ 40 mmHg. Patients with SVI >35 mL/m2 (normal flow; NF) served as controls.Results597 patients with LF/NEF, 264 patients with LF/REF and 975 patients with NF were identified. Among all groups those patients with a low MPG were characterized by higher cardiovascular risk. In patients with LF/REF, functional improvement post‐TAVI was less pronounced in low‐MPG patients. One‐year survival was significantly worse in LF AS patients with a low vs. high MPG (LF/NEF 16.5% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.022; LF/REF 25.4% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.002), whereas no differences were found in NF patients (8.7% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.550). In both LF AS groups, a low pre‐procedural MPG emerged as an independent predictor of mortality.ConclusionsIn patients with LF AS, an MPG cut‐off of 40 mmHg defines two patient populations with fundamental differences in outcomes after TAVI. Patients with LF AS and a high MPG have the same favorable prognosis as patients with NF AS.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Deuteration of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds with a Catalytic Transient Directing Group
Authors: Kopf Sara , Ye Fei , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Helfried Neumann, Matthias Beller and co‐workers at the Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e. V., Rostock and Hangzhou Normal University. The image depicts “the case of ketone deuteration” being solved by Sherlock Holmes. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202100468.
Acylhydrazone Subunits as a Proton Cargo Delivery System in 7‐Hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Nakashima Kosuke , Petek Anton , Hori Yutaro , Georgiev Anton , Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Matsushima Yasuyuki , Yordanov Dancho , Miura Tsuyoshi , Antonov Liudmil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reimagined concept of long‐range tautomeric proton transfer using crane subunits is shown by designing and synthesising two new acylhydrazones containing a 7‐hydroxyquinoline (7‐OHQ) platform. The acylhydrazone subunits attached to the 7‐OHQ at the 8th position act as crane arms for delivering proton cargo to the quinoline nitrogen. Light‐induced tautomerization to their keto forms leads to Z/E isomerization of the C=C axle bond, followed by proton delivery to the quinoline nitrogen by the formation of covalent or hydrogen bonds. The axle‘s being either an imine or ketimine bond is the structural difference between the studied compounds. The −CH3 group in the latter provides steric strain, resulting in different proton transport pathways. Both compounds show long thermal stability in the switched state, which creates a tuneable action of bidirectional proton cargo transport by using different wavelengths of irradiation. Upon the addition of acid, the quinoline nitrogen is protonated; this results in E/Z configuration switching of the acylhydrazone subunits. This was proven by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis and NMR spectroscopy.
Wettability alteration using functionalized nanoparticles with tailored adhesion to the rock surface for condensate banking mitigation
Authors: Sayed Mohammed , Ow Hooisweng , Saini Rajesh , Wang Zixing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccumulation of liquids near the wellbore in gas reservoirs can result in what is known as liquid banking, causing loss of gas and liquid production. One of the techniques that can be used to mitigate liquid banking is changing the rock wettability from liquid wetting to neutral wetting, allowing the gas to carry the liquid out of the pore space. Double‐functionalized wettability altering silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed. The synthesized NPs were functionalized with both fluoro‐silane (F‐SiO2 NPs) and a charged functional group to enable coupling of the NPs to the substrate. Surfaces treated with F‐SiO2 NPs functionalized with coupling functional group showed superior wear and corrosion resistance in high salinity water compared to single‐functionalized F‐SiO2 NPs. By functionalizing 125 nm SiO2 NPs first with polyethylenimine (PEI‐) or N‐(2‐Aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (DAMO‐) l group followed by fluorination, a water contact angle of 120°and decane contact angle of 70° was achieved. Core flow testing performed under realistic reservoir conditions of pressure and temperature showed that F‐SiO2 NPs coated with PEI achieved a 58% improvement in gas and liquid relative permeability, indicating improvement in the surface repellency to liquids and reduction of the trapped liquid phases inside the pore space of the rocks. The developed double‐functionalized NPs achieved similar performance to the commercially used fluorinated surfactants but using less treatment volume. In addition, these double‐functionalized NPs enable one‐step treatment in the field, which results in simpler operations, shorter treatment time, and better treatment economics.
Solving tridiagonal Toeplitz systems of linear equations on GPU‐accelerated computers
Authors: Dmitruk Beata , Stpiczyński Przemysław 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this article is to show that solvers for tridiagonal Toeplitz systems of linear equations can be efficiently implemented for a variety of modern GPU‐accelerated and multicore architectures using OpenACC. We consider two parallel algorithms for solving such systems with special assumptions about coefficient matrices. As the first algorithm, we propose a new, faster implementation of the divide and conquer method. The next algorithm is a new, vectorizable algorithm based on a recently introduced sequential method. We consider the use of both column‐wise and row‐wise storage formats for two‐dimensional arrays and show how to efficiently convert between these two formats using cache memory and improve the overall performance of our implementations. We also show how to tune the performance by predicting the best values of the methods' parameters. Numerical experiments performed on Intel CPUs and Nvidia GPUs show that our new implementations achieve relatively good performance and accuracy.
Imaging peculiarities of gubernaculum tracts in molars as accessional teeth on CT
Authors: Oda Masafumi , Nishida Ikuko , Habu Manabu , Takahashi Osamu , Tabe Shirou , Tsurushima Hiroki , Otani Taishi , Yoshiga Daigo , Sago Teppei , Tanaka Tatsurou , Wakasugi‐Sato Nao , Matsumoto‐Takeda Shinobu , Sasaguri Masaaki , Morimoto Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe shapes of gubernaculum tracts (GTs) in molars as accessional teeth remain unidentified. To elucidate imaging peculiarities of GTs in molars with aging on multidetector‐row computed tomography (MDCT).Material and methodsThis retrospective study was conducted using CT images, including maxillary and mandibular molars, with no abnormal findings from 239 patients. Shapes of alveolar bone, GTs, and dental sacs of the maxillary and mandibular molars were analyzed multi‐sectionally. Correlations between 2‐ and 3‐dimensional imaging figures of GTs in molars and chronological age or stage of molar formation were analyzed.ResultsSome forms of GTs in maxillary and mandibular third molars were observed. In the early stage, GTs were visualized as bone defect lines on the dentition and grooves on the mesial alveolar crest continuous with the dental sac to mesial tooth bud. GTs of the third molar formed a J‐shape in maxillary teeth and Y‐shape in mandibular teeth in the middle stage, as alveolar bone around the GT developed. In the mature stage, the course of the GT changed to straight and perpendicular. Some GT forms were also identified in first and second molars. Significant correlations were found between GT alterations and chronological age or stage of molar formation. Moreover, tracts continuing from the distal side of mandibular third molars were detected.ConclusionsThis paper describes the peculiarities and process of progression for GTs in molars, and the existence of tracts continuing from the distal side of mandibular third molars, unlikely dentition with deciduous predecessors. These preliminary data should prove beneficial for studies focusing on GTs in molars.
Highly Selective Production of Ethanol Over Hierarchical Bi@Bi2MoO6 Composite via Bicarbonate‐Assisted Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhao Dawei , Xuan Yimin , Zhang Kai , Liu Xianglei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction is a sustainable and inexpensive method to solve the energy crisis and the greenhouse effect. However, the major stumbling blocks such as poor product selectivity, low yield of the multi‐carbon products, and serious recombination of electron‐hole pairs hinder practical application of photocatalysts. Herein, a high‐performance Bi@Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst, Bi nanoparticles grown on the surface of Bi2MoO6 nanosheets with oxygen vacancies, was fabricated via a simple solvothermal approach. Benefiting from the abundant active sites and effective separation of photogenerated carriers of Bi2MoO6 nanosheets, and the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of Bi nanoparticles, the Bi@Bi2MoO6 sample exhibited great photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity. Furthermore, adding NaHCO3 into the system not only significantly increased the C2H5OH generation rate but also enhanced the product selectivity. In the photocatalytic measurement (0.17 mol L−1 CO2‐saturated NaHCO3 solution), the highest formation rates of CO, CH3OH, and C2H5OH were reached at 0.85, 0.59, and 17.93 μmol g−1 h−1 (≈92 % selectivity), respectively.
An approximate statistical analysis of wireless channel over α − μ shadowed fading channel
Authors: Upaddhyay Vipin Kumar , Soni Sanjay K. , Chauhan Puspraj Singh 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn this work, we have comprehensively investigated the impact of non‐linearity (α − μ) and shadowing (inverse gamma) collectively over the wireless channel. To this effect, an approximate closed‐form probability density function (PDF) expression is derived over α − μ/inverse gamma fading channel by employing Gauss–Laguerre quadrature polynomial. The accuracy of the proposed approximate solution is validated through the Kullback–Leibler divergence test. Subsequently, the proposed solution is utilized in the development of various fundamental statistics like commutative distribution function (CDF), moment generating function (MGF) and nth moment. This contribution also includes the derivation of coding gain and diversity gain to study average symbol error probability (SEP) with MRC and EGC diversity. It is observed that diversity gain is independent of shadowing and as the channel condition improves, the coding gain decreases. Finally, the closed‐form solutions of spectral efficiency under different adaptive transmission policies are also developed specifically, optimal power and rate adaptation (OPRA) and effective capacity along with simpler low‐ and high‐power expressions. Monte‐Carlo simulations are utilized to validate the proposed analytical and numerical results.
Metonitazene in the United States—Forensic toxicology assessment of a potent new synthetic opioid using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
Authors: Krotulski Alex J. , Papsun Donna M. , Walton Sara E. , Logan Barry K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetonitazene is considered a new psychoactive substance (NPS) and emerging potent synthetic opioid, causing increased public health concern beginning in 2020. Metonitazene joins a growing list of new synthetic opioids (NSOs) contributing to deaths among people who use drugs in the United States and other parts of the world. Metonitazene (a 2‐benzylbenzimidazole analogue) first appeared in mid‐2020 in the recreational drug supply and subsequently began proliferating in death investigation casework towards the end of 2020. Screening and metabolite discovery were performed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Quantitative confirmation was performed by liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Metonitazene was confirmed in 20 authentic forensic postmortem cases with an average concentration in blood at 6.3 ± 7.5 ng/ml (median: 3.8 ng/ml, range: 0.5–33 ng/ml, n = 18) and in urine at 15 ± 13 ng/ml (median: 11 ng/ml, range: 0.6–46 ng/ml, n = 14). Metonitazene was the only opioid identified in 30% of cases but was also found in combination with fentanyl (55%) and NPS benzodiazepines, opioids, and hallucinogens (45%). Medical examiners included metonitazene as a drug responsible for the cause of death, and the manner of death was always ruled to be an accident. The metabolism of metonitazene was found to be similar to that of isotonitazene, a closely related analogue. Toxicology laboratories and death investigators should ensure that metonitazene is included in forensic testing protocols, all while remaining vigilant for subsequent NSOs to emerge.
Do functional identity and divergence promote aboveground carbon differently in tropical semi‐arid forests and savannas?
Authors: Mensah Sylvanus , van der Plas Fons , Noulèkoun Florent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVarious studies have shown that plant species richness can promote ecosystem functions such as biomass storage. However, it is less well known whether this is mostly driven by the dominance of a few species and their associated traits (functional identity), or by complementarity among species that highly vary in their traits (functional diversity). The relative contribution of functional diversity and functional identity on biomass and carbon storage may in part depend on the type of functional traits that are considered, and on ecosystem type. Here, we used forest inventory data from West African semi‐arid environments, and functional traits (wood density and tree maximum height) to examine the effects of functional trait identity (FI or community weighted mean; CWM) and diversity (FD or single functional divergence; FDvar) on aboveground carbon (AGC) storage in both forests and savannas. We fitted simple linear and structural equation models to test the direct and indirect effects of functional traits on AGC, while accounting for potential effects of vegetation stand structure such as stand density and basal area. When evaluated independently, CWM of tree maximum height and FDvar of wood density correlated positively with AGC, in both forests and savannas, whereas species richness was unrelated to AGC. However, structural equation models indicated different mechanisms by which these biodiversity components drove AGC in forests and savannas. In forests, species richness had an indirect, positive effect on AGC via basal area, but also an indirect, negative effect, through a reduction in CWM of maximum height. In savannas, species richness had a direct, negative effect on AGC, while both CWM of maximum height (through an increase in basal area) and FDvar of wood density had positive effects. Our study suggests that integrative models are crucial for understanding the effects of species richness, functional trait diversity, and identity on AGC across forests. Furthermore, our study shows that relationships between biodiversity and AGC differ among ecosystem types. In both forests and savannas, FI played an important role, as AGC was maximized in communities dominated by species with a high maximum height. However, only in savannas a high FD additionally promoted AGC.
Depressed right ventricular systolic function in heart failure due to constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Raizada Veena , Sato Kimi , Alashi Alaa , Kumar Arnav , Kwon Deborah , Ramchand Jay , Dillenbeck Amy , Zumwalt Ross E. , Vangala Adarsh S. , Earley Tyler D. , Klein Allan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure in constrictive pericarditis (CP) is attributed to impaired biventricular diastolic filling. However, diseases that cause CP due to myocardial infiltration and fibrosis can also impair biventricular systolic function (sf) and contribute to heart failure. This study of patients with CP examined biventricular sf and the effect of myocardial infiltration by pericardial diseases and the resulting fibrosis on ventricular sf.Methods and resultsHistopathologic examinations of right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) myocardia and pericardia were performed on three autopsied hearts of patients with pericardial diseases. Additionally, in 40 adults with clinical heart failure and 40 healthy adults (controls), sf of both ventricles was examined by echocardiography, including strain measurements, and biventricular diastolic filling and pulmonary artery pressures were assessed by cardiac catheterization. Cardiac histopathology indicated thickening of the pericardium with fibrosis, disease infiltrating the myocardium, greater infiltration of the RV than the LV, and an association of pericardial thickness with myocardial infiltrations. Functional analysis indicated that RVsf was impaired on all echo indices, including strain measurement, but LVsf was preserved.ConclusionsDiseases causing CP are not restricted to the pericardium but also infiltrate the biventricular myocardium and affect the thin‐walled RV more than the thick‐walled LV, resulting in depressed RVsf. The present results help explain clinical heart failure in the presence of restricted diastolic filling in CP. Depression of RVsf due to progression of fibrosis in the RV myocardium may increase the risk of delayed pericardiectomy.