bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Biomarker Levels After Propofol or Sevoflurane Anesthesia: A Meta-analysis
Authors: O’Bryan Liam J. , Atkins Kelly J. , Lipszyc Adam , Scott David A. , Silbert Brendan S. , Evered Lis A. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
The perioperative inflammatory response may be implicated in adverse outcomes including neurocognitive dysfunction and cancer recurrence after oncological surgery. The immunomodulatory role of anesthetic agents has been demonstrated in vitro; however, its clinical relevance is unclear. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare propofol and sevoflurane with respect to biomarkers of perioperative inflammation. The secondary aim was to correlate markers of inflammation with clinical measures of perioperative cognition.

METHODS:
Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials examining perioperative inflammation after general anesthesia using propofol compared to sevoflurane. Inflammatory biomarkers investigated were interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The secondary outcome was incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Meta-analysis with metaregression was performed to determine the difference between propofol and sevoflurane.

RESULTS:
Twenty-three studies were included with 1611 participants. Studies varied by surgery type, duration, and participant age. There was an increase in the mean inflammatory biomarker levels following surgery, with meta-analysis revealing no difference in effect between propofol and sevoflurane. Heterogeneity between studies was high, with surgery type, duration, and patient age contributing to the variance across studies. Only 5 studies examined postoperative cognitive outcomes; thus, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Nonetheless, of these 5 studies, 4 reported a reduced incidence of cognitive decline associated with propofol use.

CONCLUSIONS:
Surgery induces an inflammatory response; however, the inflammatory response did not differ as a function of anesthetic technique. This absence of an effect suggests that patient and surgical variables may have a far more significant impact on the postoperative inflammatory responses than anesthetic technique. The majority of studies assessing perioperative cognition in older patients reported a benefit associated with the use of propofol; however, larger trials using homogenous outcomes are needed to demonstrate such an effect.
Impact of Intraoperative Data on Risk Prediction for Mortality After Intra-Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Yan Xinyu , Goldsmith Jeff , Mohan Sumit , Turnbull Zachary A. , Freundlich Robert E. , Billings Frederic T. , Kiran Ravi P. , Li Guohua , Kim Minjae 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Risk prediction models for postoperative mortality after intra-abdominal surgery have typically been developed using preoperative variables. It is unclear if intraoperative data add significant value to these risk prediction models.

METHODS:
With IRB approval, an institutional retrospective cohort of intra-abdominal surgery patients in the 2005 to 2015 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was identified. Intraoperative data were obtained from the electronic health record. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. We evaluated the performance of machine learning algorithms to predict 30-day mortality using: 1) baseline variables and 2) baseline + intraoperative variables. Algorithms evaluated were: 1) logistic regression with elastic net selection, 2) random forest (RF), 3) gradient boosting machine (GBM), 4) support vector machine (SVM), and 5) convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC). The sample was randomly divided into a training/testing split with 80%/20% probabilities. Repeated 10-fold cross-validation identified the optimal model hyperparameters in the training dataset for each model, which were then applied to the entire training dataset to train the model. Trained models were applied to the test cohort to evaluate model performance. Statistical significance was evaluated using P < .05.

RESULTS:
The training and testing cohorts contained 4322 and 1079 patients, respectively, with 62 (1.4%) and 15 (1.4%) experiencing 30-day mortality, respectively. When using only baseline variables to predict mortality, all algorithms except SVM (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.83 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.69–0.97]) had AUROC >0.9: GBM (AUROC, 0.96 [0.94–1.0]), RF (AUROC, 0.96 [0.92–1.0]), CNN (AUROC, 0.96 [0.92–0.99]), and logistic regression (AUROC, 0.95 [0.91–0.99]). AUROC significantly increased with intraoperative variables with CNN (AUROC, 0.97 [0.96–0.99]; P = .047 versus baseline), but there was no improvement with GBM (AUROC, 0.97 [0.95–0.99]; P = .3 versus baseline), RF (AUROC, 0.96 [0.93–1.0]; P = .5 versus baseline), and logistic regression (AUROC, 0.94 [0.90–0.99]; P = .6 versus baseline).

CONCLUSIONS:
Postoperative mortality is predicted with excellent discrimination in intra-abdominal surgery patients using only preoperative variables in various machine learning algorithms. The addition of intraoperative data to preoperative data also resulted in models with excellent discrimination, but model performance did not improve.
Long-Term Results of Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Outcome Analysis and Correlation With Lead Position and Electrical Parameters
Authors: Aibar-Durán Juan Ángel , Rodríguez Rodríguez Rodrigo , de Diego Adeliño Francisco Javier , Portella María J. , Álvarez-Holzapfel María Jesús , Martín Blanco Ana , Puigdemont Campos Dolors , Molet Teixidó Joan 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Long-term efficacy and mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are under investigation.

OBJECTIVE:
To compare long-term outcomes with active electrode's coordinates and its electrical parameters in patients with TRD treated with DBS in the subgenual cingulate gyrus (SCG-DBS).

METHODS:
Seventeen patients with TRD underwent SCG-DBS. Demographic and baseline characteristics were recorded. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to measure the response to the therapy. The anterior commissure-posterior commissure coordinates of the active contacts and the total electrical energy delivered were calculated and correlated with clinical outcomes. Patient-specific tractographic analysis was performed to identify the modulated pathways in responders.

RESULTS:
Twelve women (70.6%) and 5 men (29.4%) with a median age of 48 yr (34-70 years) were included. Along the 5-year follow-up, 3 main clinical trajectories were observed according to symptom's improvement: great responders (≥80%), medium responders (≥50%-79%), and poor responders (<50%). Active contacts' coordinates and total electrical energy delivered showed no correlation with clinical outcomes. Brodmann area 10 medial was the most frequently stimulated area and the forceps minor, the most frequently modulated tract.

CONCLUSION:
SCG-DBS for TRD is clearly effective in some patients. Active contacts' coordinates were highly variable within the region and, like electrical parameters, did not seem to correlate with clinical outcomes. In the current series, Brodmann area 10 medial and the forceps minor were the most frequently targeted area and modulated pathway, respectively.
Meeting report – the ever-fascinating world of septins
Authors: Baillet Anita , McMurray Michael A. , Oakes Patrick W. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Septins are GTP-binding proteins that assemble into hetero-oligomers. They can interact with each other end-to-end to form filaments, making them the fourth element of the cytoskeleton. To update the current knowledge on the ever-increasing implications of these fascinating proteins in cellular functions, a hundred expert scientists from across the globe gathered from 12 to 15 October 2021 in Berlin for the first hybrid-format (on site and virtual) EMBO workshop Molecular and Cell Biology of Septins.
Experimental study and modeling the tensile strength of 3D‐printed aluminium polylactic acid (PLA) parts using artificial neural networks
Authors: Palanisamy Chockalingam , Aaron Tay Hong Kiat Hong Kiat 
Published: December 2021

Background: High quality 3D printed products are in high demand, resulting in an increase in the production of 3D printed parts with precise tolerances, improved surface roughness, and overall durability. The processing parameters of 3D printers have a significant impact on the quality of 3D printed parts. Three-dimensionally printed parts must be durable, especially in terms of tensile strength, and its impact on the printer's process parameters must be investigated. Methods: Tensile test specimens were printed in the Makerbot 3D printer with aluminium polylactic acid (PLA) material. The three controllable input parameters taken into consideration were layer thickness, infill density and number of shells. The three levels for each of the respective parameters were 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm for layer thickness; 2,3 and 4 for number of shells; 20% 40% and 60% for Infill density. Tensile testing was carried out on the specimens and data was tabulated. Using these data, an artificial neural network model was created using Matlab R2021b software’s neural network toolbox (alternatively Scilab can be used). Results: A high layer thickness (0.3mm) and a 40% infill density were found to be the most effective among all other parameters. The specimen with the lowest layer thickness of 0.1mm, four shells, and a 20% infill density had the highest tensile strength. With the tensile test data, a Matlab ANN model was developed. Validation was done by comparing the values obtained from the model with the experimental data by using random layer thickness, infill density, and number of shells. Conclusions: In conclusion, higher layer thickness has lower tensile strengths. However, as the number of shells and infill density increases, the tensile strength increases. In summary an ANN model was successfully developed and validated to predict 3D printed aluminium parts.
Availability and use of technology for e-learning: to what extent do these impact Bangladeshi university students? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hasan Md. Kamrul , Tonmon Tajrin Tahrin , Kabir Humayun , Masud Sumaya Binte , Hasan Md. Abeed , Das Bikash , Akter Monira , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain , Mitra Dipak Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Background: E-learning is making education globally and conveniently attainable with the deliverance of advanced technology. However, this mode of academia is still not commonly practiced locally. Thus, the study aimed to investigate technological availability, usability, and association to university students' perceived stress due to e-learning curriculum. Methods: A cross-sectional study commenced among Bangladeshi university students enrolled in the e-learning curriculum. A total of 1162 university students were included. The main explanatory variables were related to the availability of technology and the use of technology. The outcome variable was perceived e-learning stress. In statistical analysis, p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant with a 95% confidence interval. Results: In this study, lack of technological availability and usability were associated with higher level of perceived e-learning stress. Being female, living in rural areas, and outside of Dhaka division were found the associated factors in the lack of technological availability and usability. Conclusions: A significant association between the availability and usability of technology with perceived e-learning stress was observed. Thus, measures should be taken to initialize e-learning adaptivity by increasing technological growth across the nation, considering educational preparedness for future catastrophes.
Deadlines and Memory Limitations
Authors: Altmann Steffen , Traxler Christian , Weinschenk Philipp 
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the results of two natural field experiments at a dental clinic. Guided by a simple theoretical model, we exogenously vary deadlines and associated rewards for arranging checkup appointments. Our data show strong and systematic effects of deadlines on patients’ behavior. Imposing deadlines induces patients to act earlier and at a persistently higher frequency than without a deadline. We further document that individuals systematically respond to deadlines even if these are not tied to explicit rewards. Several of our findings suggest that individuals’ responses to deadlines are shaped by limitations in memory and attention. Our results illustrate that deadlines can be a powerful management tool to encourage timely task completion and to increase the cost effectiveness of performance-contingent rewards. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
RESENHA CRÍTICA: THE EMOTIONAL ROLLERCOASTER OF LANGUAGE TEACHING / Critical Review: The Emotional Rollercoaster of Language Teaching
Authors: Gomes Gysele Da S. Colombo , Soares Flavio Barreto 
Published: December 2021

Os editores deste livro são Christina Gkonou, PhD em Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Mestra em Ensino de Inglês como Língua Estrangeira (Universidade de Essex, Reino Unido); Jean-Marc Dewaele, PhD em Língua e Literatura Francesas, Mestre em Francês e Espanhol, Mestre em Direito Europeu e Internacional e Mestre em Relações Internacionais com o Ocidente Europeu (Universidade Livre de Bruxelas); e Jim King, PhD e Mestre em Linguística Aplicada (Universidade de Nottingham).O livro está baseado na premissa de que ensinar não trata apenas de transmitir conhecimento acadêmico, mas também de inspirar alunos; estabelecer conexões entre professores e alunos; e criar relacionamentos pedagógicos baseados em empatia, confiança e paciência. O texto em si sugere que uma das formas mais importantes de o professor alcançar relações emocionais estáveis é compreendendo e convivendo de forma saudável com suas próprias emoções para poder proporcionar um ambiente emocionalmente saudável para seus alunos.
Optical bench simulation for intraocular lenses using field-tracing technology
Authors: Song Seok Ho , Song In Seok , Oh Se Jin , Son Hyeck-Soo , Kang Min Ho 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
To evaluate the image quality of intraocular lenses (IOLs) using field-tracing optical simulation and then compare it with the image quality using conventional ray-tracing simulation.

Methods
We simulated aspheric IOLs with a decenter, tilt, and no misalignment using an aspheric corneal eye model with a positive spherical aberration. The retinal image, Strehl ratio, and modulation transfer function (MTF) were compared between the ray-tracing and field-tracing optical simulation and confirmed by the results reported in an in vitro experiment using the same eye model.

Results
The retinal image showed interference fringes from target due to diffraction from the object in a field-tracing simulation. When compared with the experimental results, the field tracing represented the experimental results more precisely than ray tracing after passing over 400 μm of the decentration and 4 degrees of the tilt of the IOLs. The MTF values showed similar results for the case of no IOL misalignment in both the field tracing and ray tracing. In the case of the 200-μm decentration or 8-degree tilt of IOL, the field-traced MTF shows lower values than the ray-traced one.

Conclusions
The field-tracing optical bench simulation is a reliable method to evaluate IOL performance according to the IOL misalignment. It can provide retinal image quality close to real by taking into account the wave nature of light, interference and diffraction to explain to patients having the IOL misalignment.
Reconstruction of extensive sequel of frontal fracture: optimizing results
Authors: Carvalho Nogueira Emerson Filipe de , Lins de Souza Rosa Rayanne , Pavão de Menezes Ladyanne , De Souza Lopes Pedro Henrique , Brasil Júnior Ozawa , De Holanda Vasconcellos Ricardo José 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Fractures of the frontal bone correspond to 5 to 15% of all facial fractures. This type of fracture can lead to difficulties in restoring bone congruence and to postoperative secondary aesthetic problems. Objective: This paper aims to present a clinical case report of frontal bone fracture where a late reconstruction was performed using a titanium mesh with the aid of stereolithographic model prototyping. Case report: Female patient, 26 years old, with aesthetic sequelae in the upper third of the face after a motorcycle accident. The imaging exams showed a comminuted frontal bone fracture, as well as upper edge and right orbit ceiling involvement. The planning consisted of reconstruction of the affected area with the use of a titanium mesh pre-shaped in a stereolithographic model. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia and coronal access. After installation of the fixation material, pericranial flap rotation and suture of the surgical wound were performed. The patient progressed well, with considerable improvement in facial aesthetics. Conclusion: This paper reports the importance of good planning in cases of frontal bone fracture sequel, in which the use of model-shaped mesh in a stereolithographic model tends to optimize surgery, bringing aesthetic and psychosocial benefits.

Keywords
Frontal bone; Titanium; Craniocerebral trauma.
Development and Validation of Perceived Oral Health Benefits on Yoga Scale (POBYS)
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Singh Kuldeep , Sharma Abhishek , Karthikeyan Nagarajan , Gowda Paran 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Sustained practice of Yoga leads to self-awareness, physical strength and high sense of energy. Yoga stimulates antioxidant levels in the body and reduces likelihood of dental disorders. No research has been undertaken connecting perception on yoga and oral health behaviors. The present study is an attempt to develop a psychometric scale entitled Perceived Benefits on Yoga Scale (PBYS) to measure individuals’ perception on Yoga in relation to oral health behaviors. Material and methods: The psychometric tool was developed based on the concepts of Health Benefit Model (HBM). Among the four components of the model, the present study considered “perceived benefits” component. A total of 206 individuals participated in the study. To analyze the scale theoretically, face and content validity were assessed. Reliability of the scale was tested using Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman-Brown coefficient. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity was tested. Cronbach alpha and Spearman- Brown coefficient were applied to test the reliability of scale. Results: There were six items in the final scale, with a Spearman- Brown coefficient of 0.92 and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91. Statistically significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation was found between POBYS scores and Yoga Self-Efficacy Scale (YSES). Validity of scale is within accepted range as indicated by Goodness of Fit indices. Conclusion: POBYS is a reliable and valid measure of perception on yoga outcomes with specific reference to oral health behavior.
Keywords
Yoga; Health belief model; Oral health behavior; Scale development; Confirmatory factor analysis.
primer año de los estudios universitarios: análisis de una propuesta tutorial para alumnos de la carrera de economía de la Universidad Nacional del Sur
Authors: Lis Diana Isabela , Tarayre Carolina , Malisani Déborah 
Published: December 2021

En los últimos años, las tutorías enfocadas en alumnos ingresantes de losprimeros años de las carreras universitarias han ido ganando reconocimiento por ser consideradas relevantes en el pasaje del nivel secundario al superior.En este trabajo se describe y evalúa una acción tutorial asociada a la función docente para ingresantes de las carreras Licenciatura en Economía y Profesorado en Economía pertenecientes al Departamento de Economía de la Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentina, cuyos resultados invitan a avanzar hacia un modelo integral de tutorías, sin desconocer las cuestiones que pueden obturar este objetivo.En principio, se realiza la caracterización de las Tutorías del Departamento de Economía de la UNS para luego mencionar los lineamientos conceptuales base que son sustento de la acción tutorial específica.Más adelante, se realiza el relato de la experiencia: Taller de Estrategias de Aprendizaje. También, se describe la metodología y análisis que se utilizó para lograr su evaluación y finalmente se arriba a las reflexiones que invitan a pensar en acciones tutoriales situadas y flexibles que faciliten la trayectoria de los ingresantes universitarios.
Entropy Balancing for Continuous Treatments
Authors: Tübbicke Stefan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Interest in evaluating the effects of continuous treatments has been on the rise recently. To facilitate the estimation of causal effects in this setting, the present paper introduces entropy balancing for continuous treatments (EBCT) – an intuitive and user-friendly automated covariate balancing scheme – by extending the original entropy balancing methodology of Hainmueller, J. 2012. “Entropy Balancing for Causal Effects: A Multivariate Reweighting Method to Produce Balanced Samples in Observational Studies.” Political Analysis 20 (1): 25–46. In order to estimate balancing weights, the proposed approach solves a globally convex constrained optimization problem, allowing for computationally efficient software implementation. EBCT weights reliably eradicate Pearson correlations between covariates (and their transformations) and the continuous treatment variable. As uncorrelatedness may not be sufficient to guarantee consistent estimates of dose–response functions, EBCT also allows to render higher moments of the treatment variable uncorrelated with covariates to mitigate this issue. Empirical Monte-Carlo simulations suggest that treatment effect estimates using EBCT display favorable properties in terms of bias and root mean squared error, especially when balance on higher moments of the treatment variable is sought. These properties make EBCT an attractive method for the evaluation of continuous treatments. Software implementation is available for Stata and R.
Grounding and the Existence of God
Authors: Sijuwade Joshua R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, I seek to assess the extent to which Theism, the claim that there is a God, can provide a true fundamental explanation for the instantiation of the grounding relation that connects the various entities within the layered structure of reality. More precisely, I seek to utilise the explanatory framework of Richard Swinburne within a specific metaphysical context, a ground-theoretic context, which will enable me to develop a true fundamental explanation for the existence of grounding. And thus, given the truth of this type of explanation, we will have a further reason to believe in the existence of God.