bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Endomycorrhization on the Nursery Growth of Seedlings of a Threatened Ivorian Forest Species Pterygota macrocarpa K. Schum (Malvaceae)
Authors: Rodrigue Voko Bi Rosin Don , Estelle Konan Adjoua , Clément Kouassi Kouassi , Dieudonné Kocoun Konan , Ibrahim Konaté 
Published: December 2021

Aims: Pterygota macrocarpa, a common species in the forests of Côte d'Ivoire, is threatened with extinction due to overexploitation. Protective measures for P. macrocarpa could consist in the integration of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the reforestation of this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation on the resistance and development of P. macrocarpa plants.
Study Design: The design is completely randomized and includes one (1) plant species (Pterygota macrocarpa), three (3) treatments (local inoculum 1, commercial inoculum 2 and non-inoculated control) and 20 seedlings per treatment.
Place and Duration of Study: The experimental study was set up at the border of the experimental forest of the Northern site of INP-HB (National Polytechnic Institute Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire) from February to May 2018.
Methodology: Thus, from seedlings collected in the arboriculture of the INP-HB of Yamoussokro, the effects of mycorrhization through treatments on the mineral nutrition and on the growth parameters of P. macrocarpa were evaluated during 120 days of culture in nursery.
Results: The mycorrhised plants survived 100% while the control plants had 90% survival rate. The mycorrhizal intensity of the roots was 19.21% for inoculum 1 and 10.40% for inoculum 2. The plants treated with inoculum 1 had the highest mineral content, especially phosphorus (0.3 ppm) and nitrogen (2.6%). The vegetative growth of inoculum 1 treated plants was more accelerated than that of the other two treatments. Local inoculum 1 was more effective than commercial inoculum 2.
Conclusion: The integration of local mycorrhizal inocula in the reforestation of P. macrocarpa seedlings could be a sustainable solution for the restoration of degraded forests.
Identify and Assess Drug Interactions with Atorvastatin in Inpatient Care
Authors: Dighriri Ibrahim , Hommadi Abdulrahman , Zaeri Hatim , Aldajany Rahaf , Alotaibi Rahaf , Aljuaid Fai , Aljuaid Shoug , Madkhali Abdullah , Ghulaysi Saleh , Alanazi Abeer , Alburaidi Sarah , Hamdan Amal , Alzahrani Hassan , Musharraf Razan , Albutaih Bashaier 
Published: December 2021

Background: Atorvastatin is a recent HMG-COA reductase inhibitor used to treat primary hypercholesterolemia, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, and mixed dyslipidemias. It is also taken to prevent heart disease, including strokes and heart attacks. In addition, Atorvastatin is used to lower bad cholesterol low-density lipoproteins (LDL) levels, increase good cholesterol high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and lower triglycerides. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol produced in the body, hence reducing the amount of cholesterol that may build up on the walls of arteries. Atorvastatin is long-acting, has few adverse effects, and is low in price. Nevertheless, it interacts with a wide variety of medications. These interactions may be lead to adverse drug reactions.
Objective: The study aims to identify and asset atorvastatin interactions with other medicines at King Abdulaziz Hospital. Also, to prevent atorvastatin interactions in the future.
Methods: The retrospective study investigated 280 electronic prescriptions inside the inpatient clinic at King Abdulaziz Hospital in Saudi Arabia between January and April 2021 to identify and asset interactions among atorvastatin and different medications.
Results: Most atorvastatin interactions are category C (44.64%) and category B (41.43%). Atorvastatin had the most common interactions with esomeprazole (16.07%), clopidogrel (14.64%), and sitagliptin (12.14%). Atorvastatin had clinical interactions with medications metabolized by the cytochrome P450 3A4 )CYP3A4(. Use of atorvastatin with cyclosporine or clarithromycin increased the risk for atorvastatin toxicities such as myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. In addition, Atorvastatin decreases clopidogrel's antiplatelet effect and increases the risk of skeletal muscle toxicity of daptomycin.
Conclusion: The majority of atorvastatin interactions may be avoided by adhering to best practices in clinical care and clinical pharmacology, such as avoiding complicated treatment regimens, utilizing a single pharmacy for all prescriptions, and recognizing patient risk factors. Health care professionals should use drug-drug interaction checkers such as Medscape and Micromedex, as well as a book such as the Handbook of Drug Interactions.
Yoonia
Authors: Wang Tao , Wirth Joseph S. , Chen Can , Whitman William B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Yoo'ni.a. N.L. fem. n.
Yoonia
in honor of Jung‐Hoon Yoon, for his contributions to the taxonomy of marine
Alphaproteobacteria
.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Yoonia

Gram‐negative‐staining, aerobic, non‐spore‐forming, and catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive cocci, ovoids, or rods. Optimal growth typically occurs between 25 and 30°C, 0–5% (w/v) NaCl, and pH 6.5–8. Capable of utilizing a large variety of organic carbon compounds. All species tested can utilize acetate and
l
‐malate as sole carbon and energy sources. The major fatty acid is C
18:1
ω7
c
. The major quinone is ubiquinone 10 (Q‐10). Species have been isolated globally from marine environments such as seawater, marine sediments, and microbial mats. Members of the family
Rhodobacteraceae
. The type species is
Yoonia vestfoldensis
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 53.4–61.8.

Type species
:

Yoonia vestfoldensis

Wirth and Whitman 2018
VP
(

Loktanella
vestfoldensis

Van Trappen et al. 2004
VP
).
Haloglomus
Authors: Ventosa Antonio , Durán‐Viseras Ana , Sánchez‐Porro Cristina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Ha.lo.glo'mus. Gr. masc. n.
hals, halos
salt; L. neut. n.
glomus
a ball; N.L. neut. n.
Haloglomus
, a salt ball.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Haloarculaceae / Haloglomus

The genus
Haloglomus
is classified within the family
Haloarculaceae,
order
Halobacteriales
, and class
Halobacteria
. The cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, nonmotile, and pleomorphic, curved to irregular shaped. Colonies are red pigmented. Strictly aerobic. Extremely halophilic. Optimal growth at 5.1 M NaCl, pH 7.5, and 37°C. Catalase‐positive and oxidase‐negative. Acid is produced from
d
‐glucose and other carbohydrates. Polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me), phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS), and one glycolipid chromatographically identical to sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S‐DGD‐1). Currently, the genus includes a single species,
Haloglomus irregulare
(type species of the genus), that was isolated from a marine saltern.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 68.0 (genome).

Type species
:
Haloglomus irregulare
Durán‐Viseras et al. 2020, VL193.
Molecular Doping Efficiency in Organic Semiconductors: Fundamental Principle and Promotion Strategy
Authors: Yan Han , Ma Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMolecular doping, a fascinating technique to modulate the electrical property of organic solids by importing additional charges, has been one of the focal points of active research over the last three decades. Due to the potential applications in clean energy and artificial intelligence, molecular doping is experiencing a second golden stage by virtue of its compatibility with solution‐processed organic functional devices. The central challenge at present promoting the doping efficiency. This perspective starts with revisiting the basic concepts in doping process and discusses the recent progress in efficiency improvements. Based on the journey of molecular doping, it is concluded that molecular doping can be as efficient as atomic doping is in inorganic semiconductors; future directions to achieve this goal are shared.
Spatially Patterned Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals for Image‐Integrated Smart Windows
Authors: Kamal Waqas , Li Mengmeng , Lin Jia‐De , Parry Ellis , Jin Yihan , Elston Steve J. , Castrejón‐Pita Alfonso A. , Morris Stephen M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConventional polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films have been successful as electrically‐switchable screens for privacy applications. However, spatial patterning of the films so as to generate a visually appealing design, logo, or image typically requires intricate fabrication processes, such as the use of prefabricated photomasks that do not allow for on‐demand designs. Herein is reported on the fabrication and characterization of spatially patterned PDLC “pixels” using drop‐on‐demand inkjet printing, and it is demonstrated how these materials can be used to form a new generation of smart windows that consist of embedded images or company logos, which can be made to disappear with the application of a voltage. Following refinements to the material rheology and the subsequent successful deposition of individual PDLC droplets, arrays of PDLC pixels are printed at a resolution of 250 pixels per inch with an individual pixel size of 130 µm operating at an electric field strength (E) of E = 1.4 V μm−1. Finally, using the approach developed herein, these printed PDLC pixels are arranged to form a college emblem that is embedded within a smart window that can be made to disappear with the application of a voltage.
Amorphous‐Ga2O3 Optoelectronic Synapses with Ultra‐low Energy Consumption
Authors: Zhu Rui , Liang Huili , Hu Sigui , Wang Yan , Mei Zengxia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeveloping optoelectronic synaptic devices with low energy consumption is of critical importance for neuromorphic computing and visualization systems. In this work, amorphous‐Ga2O3 (a‐Ga2O3) is adopted to realize a low‐power optoelectronic synapse considering its distinguished features of ultra‐wide bandgap, high responsiveness to light stimulation, and strong persistent photoconductivity effect. The basic synaptic functions such as short‐term plasticity (STP) and long‐term plasticity (LTP) have been successfully mimicked. A noise suppression capability is achieved as well, similar to the visual cells. Strikingly, the total energy consumption for triggering an LTP synaptic event is only 136 fJ, approaching the one of a biological synapse. The underlying mechanism for the a‐Ga2O3 synaptic performance is explored with a combined research of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, electric tests, and Technology Computer‐Aided Design simulations. The consistent results suggest the key role of the synergetic modulation effect of optical and electric fields on the dynamic behaviors of oxygen vacancy (VO) defects. This work indicates the potential applications of a‐Ga2O3 in low‐power optoelectronic synapses.
Spin‐Torque Switching in Rare‐Earth‐Free Compensated Ferrimagnet Mn4N Films
Authors: Bai Hao , Xu Teng , Dong Yiqing , Zhou Heng‐An , Jiang Wanjun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the growth of rare‐earth‐free compensated ferrimagnet (C‐FIM) Mn4N single crystalline films is reported, with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) on the MgO(001) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering. Subsequently, the current‐induced spin‐orbit torque (SOT) switching is experimentally demonstrated through passing currents in the Hall bar device made of Mn4N/Pt bilayer, with the thickness of Mn4N approaching 60 nm. Furthermore, the accompanied SOT efficiencies are characterized by employing the harmonic Hall voltage measurements. In particular, an enhanced effective SOT efficiency with the increased thickness of Mn4N films is observed, suggesting the existence of a bulk‐like spin torque in the present material system. The results demonstrate that the perpendicularly magnetized C‐FIM Mn4N films can provide a promising material platform for developing the rare‐earth‐free FIM spintronics devices.
Beneficial Effect of Na2CO3 Additions on the Thermoelectric Performance of Melt‐Route Cu2Se
Authors: Nazrul‐Islam Sheik Md Kazi , Rahman Md Rezoanur , Ahmed Al Jumlat , Yun Frank Fei , Cortie David L. , Wang Xiaolin , Cortie Michael B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance thermoelectric materials require simultaneous reduction of thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity, among other criteria. Here it is shown that the introduction of Na2CO3 into the melt‐route fabrication process for the well‐known thermoelectric Cu2Se has a beneficial and surprisingly strong effect. There is a significant enhancement in electrical conductivity which density functional theory calculations suggest may be due to the effect of Na and O doping in the Cu2Se matrix. There is also a 34% reduction in thermal conductivity which is likely due to a high density of defects causing scattering of phonons. Overall, however, there is only relatively a small change in Seebeck coefficient. A higher power factor of 12.6 µW cm−1 K−2 is achieved versus 8.8 µW cm−1 K−2 for standard Cu2Se. A very high value of zT of 2.3 is obtained at 804 K versus 1.1 for standard Cu2Se.
Organic Synaptic Transistors for Bio‐Hybrid Neuromorphic Electronics
Authors: Kim Kwan‐Nyeong , Sung Min‐Jun , Park Hea‐Lim , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNeuromorphic electronics that emulate biological synapses and nerves can provide a solution to overcome the limitation in energy efficiency of von Neumann computing systems. With increasing demands on bio‐medical applications such as healthcare monitoring and neuroprosthetic devices, bio‐hybrid neuromorphic electronics are evaluated as ways to process biological information and replace biological systems. Successful realization of bio‐hybrid neuromorphic systems requires replication of various synaptic properties in a single device, along with other characteristics such as biomimetic neural functionality, biocompatibility, soft mechanical properties, and low energy consumption. To satisfy these requirements, organic synaptic transistors (OSTs) are widely investigated as essential components of these applications. If the requirements can be met, bio‐hybrid neuromorphic systems that use OSTs can be compatible with biological systems, and can operate stably at bio‐electronic interfaces. Here, fundamentals of the OSTs emulating biological synapses and nerves are presented followed by a discussion of the requirements of the neuromorphic device/systems for bio‐hybrid application. Finally, recent research on implementations of bio‐hybrid neuromorphic devices and systems with future research directions, are reviewed.
Addressing new data privacy realities affecting agricultural research and development: A tiered‐risk, standards‐based approach
Authors: Wilgenbusch James C. , Pardey Philip G. , Hospodarsky Naomi , Lynch Benjamin J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConcerns related to data ownership and privacy cut across all sectors of our economy, shape public–private research relationships, and, if left unaddressed, threaten to limit the potential gains to be had from the “big data” revolution. Rather than offer a one‐size‐fits‐all approach to dealing with data privacy and security concerning food and agricultural research and development (R&D), we propose a three‐tiered data security approach based on three tiers of risk tolerance: high, medium, and low with general guidelines explicitly mapped to standards. Data privacy and security are not costless, and so an economically informed approach that weighs the cost of a potential security breach against the benefits from accessing and using data for R&D is a more practical approach than treating all data equally from a risk management perspective. These tiers of risk must be understood in relation to standards for there to be meaningful governance of these data. We begin by characterizing the rapidly evolving nature of data privacy in an agricultural R&D context before providing an overview of the key means by which the privacy of agricultural data is presently being governed in various regions of the world. As an illustration of the approach that we propose, we apply our tiered risk and standards‐based approach to the CGIAR's Responsible Data Guidelines. This approach is similar to that used by the healthcare sector to effectively implement data privacy requirements and promote an awareness among key stakeholders of the need for and importance of well‐defined data privacy standards.
Enhancing electrocatalytic N2 reduction via tailoring the electric double layers
Authors: Tao Haolan , Lian Cheng , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong , Liu Honglai , van Roij René 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) for NH3 synthesis is still far from being practical and competitive with the common Haber–Bosch process. The rational design of highly selective NRR electrocatalyst is therefore urgently needed, which requires a deep understanding of both the electrode–electrolyte interface and the mass transport of reactants. Here, we develop a theoretical framework that includes electric double layer (EDL), mass transport, and the NRR kinetics. This allows us to evaluate the roles of near‐electrode environment and N2 diffusion on the NRR selectivity and activity. The EDL, as the immediate reaction environment, remarkably impedes the diffusion of N2 to the cathode surface at high electrode potentials, which explains experimental observations. This article also gives microscopic insights into the interplay between N2 diffusion and reaction activity under the nano‐confinement, providing theoretical guidance for future design of advanced NRR electrocatalytic systems.
Venous thromboembolism rates and risk factors following endoscopic skull base surgery
Authors: Chang Michael T. , Jitaroon Kawinyarat , Song Sunhee , Roozdar Pooya , Wangworat Yossawee , Ibrahim Nour , Ma Yifei , Rao Vidya K. , Chang Steven D. , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan C. , Patel Zara M. , Dodd Robert L. , Hwang Peter H. , Harsh Griffith R. , Nayak Jayakar V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially fatal perioperative complication. The objective of this study was to assess the rate and risk factors for VTE in endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS).MethodsThis was a retrospective review of adults undergoing ESBS at a tertiary academic center. Incidence of VTE in the 30‐day postoperative period was recorded. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with VTE.ResultsA total of 1122 ESBS cases performed at Stanford University School of Medicine between 2009 and 2019 were studied. Almost all cases (96.1%) did not employ perioperative VTE chemoprophylaxis. The overall incidence of VTE was 2.3% (26/1122). Malignant pathologies had a higher rate of VTE compared with nonmalignant pathologies (4.5% vs 2.0%, odds ratio [OR] 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22–6.66). Factors associated with an increased risk of VTE included a Caprini score greater than 5 (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28–1.83); multiple preoperative endocrinopathies such as the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) (OR 22.48, 95% CI 3.93–128.70), adrenal insufficiency (OR 5.24, 95% CI 1.82–15.03), hypercortisolism (OR 4.46, 95% CI 1.47–13.56), and hypothyroidism (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.66–8.20); each 10‐hour increment of lumbar drain duration (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08–1.25); and each 10‐hour increment for duration of hospitalization (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.06).ConclusionsThe incidence of VTE following ESBS is relatively low at 2.3%. Factors with a higher association of VTE include malignancy, preoperative endocrinopathies, higher Caprini score, prolonged lumbar drain duration, and prolonged hospitalization. Larger, multi‐institutional studies are needed to validate these findings and to better refine clinical decision‐making regarding perioperative VTE prophylaxis.
Scalable Molten Salt Synthesis of Platinum Alloys Planted in Metal–Nitrogen–Graphene for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zaman Shahid , Su Ya‐Qiong , Dong Chung‐Li , Qi Ruijuan , Huang Lei , Qin Yanyang , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Li Fu‐Min , You Bo , Guo Wei , Li Qing , Ding Shujiang , Yu Xia Bao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFuel cells are considered as a promising alternative to the existing traditional energy systems towards a sustainable future. Nevertheless, the synthesis of efficient and robust platinum (Pt) based catalysts remains a challenge for practical applications. In this work, we present a simple and scalable molten‐salt synthesis method for producing a low‐platinum (Pt) nanoalloy implanted in metal–nitrogen–graphene. The as‐prepared low‐Pt alloyed graphene exhibits a high oxygen reduction activity of 1.29 A mgPt−1 and excellent durability over 30 000 potential cycles. The catalyst nanoarchitecture of graphene encased Pt nanoalloy provides a robust capability against nanoparticle migration and corrosion due to a strong metal–support interaction. Similarly, advanced characterization and theoretical calculations show that the multiple active sites in platinum alloyed graphene synergistically account for the improved oxygen reduction. This work not only provides an efficient and robust low‐Pt catalyst but also a facile design idea and scalable preparation technique for integrated catalysts to achieve more profound applications in fuel cells and beyond.
Photo‐aging deterioration of hybrid intumescent flame retarding coatings simultaneously modified by silicon aerogel, β‐cyclodextrin, and nano‐ZnO
Authors: Wang Ya Chao , Kou Xiaofei , Deng Jun , Zhao Jiang Ping , Shi Hongxing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhoto‐aging has been manifested as the main threat to the service performance of organic coatings, but the deterioration of intumescent flame retarding coatings (IFRC) is scarcely reported. Therefore, the finish IFRC is benignly designed by simultaneously incorporating silicon aerogel, β‐cyclodextrin, and nano‐ZnO, its deterioration mechanism under photo‐aging (composed of xenon lamp radiation and water spraying) is quantitatively investigated. The results show that the photo‐aging facilitates the declined flame retardancy, as measured by the rising fire growth index from 1.07 to 2.43 kW m−2·s−1 and the reduced fire performance index from 0.493 to 0.196 s·m2·kW−1 with the flame retardancy index of 0.18 for S30d, as well as the diminished smoke suppression. Because the cleavage of C═N bonding occurs for the IFRC subjected to photo‐aging, presenting the serious yellowing of the IFRC surface with enhanced hydrophilicity. Meanwhile, the light‐humidity cycles of photo‐aging lead to the transformation from glassy residue to crystalline SiP2O7 during firing, presenting the disorder and fluffy char for S30d. Thirdly, the photo‐aging makes the pyrolysis Eα of 370 ~ 320°C drop from 177.9 to 120.2 kJ·mol−1 by the modified Coats‐Redfern integral method. It probes the photo‐aging deterioration mechanism of organic–inorganic hybrid IFRCs.