bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiomes of clownfish and their symbiotic host anemone converge before their first physical contact
Authors: Gilbert Émie Audet , Sylvain François-Étienne , Bouslama Sidki , Derome Nicolas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOne of the most charismatic, and yet not completely resolved example of mutualistic interaction is the partnership of clownfish and its symbiotic sea anemone. The mechanism explaining this tolerance currently relies on the molecular mimicry of clownfish epithelial mucus, which could serve as camouflage, preventing the anemone's nematocysts' discharge. Resident bacteria are known as key drivers of epithelial mucus chemical signature in vertebrates. A recent study has proposed a restructuration of the skin microbiota in a generalist clown fish when first contacting its symbiotic anemone. We explored a novel hypothesis by testing the effect of remote interaction on epithelial microbiota restructuration in both partners. MethodsWith metataxonomics, we investigated the epithelial microbiota dynamic of 18 pairs of percula clownfish (Amphiprion percula) and their symbiotic anemone Heteractis magnifica in remote interaction, physical interaction and control groups for both partners during a four weeks trial.ResultsPhysical and Remote Interaction groups’ results evidence gradual epithelial microbiota convergence between both partners when fish and anemone were placed in the same water system. This convergence occurred preceding any physical contact between partners, and was maintained during the two-weeks interaction period in both contact groups. After the interaction period, community structure of both fish and anemone’s epthelial community structures maintained the interaction signature two weeks after fish-anemone pairs separation. Furthermore, the interaction signature persistence was observed both in Physical and Remote Interaction groups, thus suggesting that water-mediated chemical communication between symbiotic partners was strong enough to shift the skin microbiota durably, even after the separation of fish-anemone pairs. Finally, our results suggest that fish-anemone convergent microbiota restructuration was increasingly associated with the parallel recruitment of three Flavobacteriaceae strains closely related to a tyrosinase-producing Cellulophaga tyrosinoxydans. ConclusionsOur study shows that bacterial community restructuration, in the acclimation process, does not only rely on direct physical contact. Furthermore, our results challenge, for the first time, the traditional unidirectional chemical camouflage hypothesis, as we argue that convergence of the epithelial microbiota of both partners may play essential roles in establishing mutual acceptance.
Microbiomes of Clownfish and Their Symbiotic Host Anemone Converge Before Their First Physical Contact.
Authors: Audet-Gilbert Émie , Sylvain François-Étienne , Bouslama Sidki , Derome Nicolas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOne of the most charismatic, and yet not completely resolved example of mutualistic interaction is the partnership of clownfish and its symbiotic sea anemone. The mechanism explaining this tolerance currently relies on the molecular mimicry of clownfish epithelial mucus, which could serve as camouflage, preventing the anemone's nematocysts' discharge. Resident bacteria are known as key drivers of epithelial mucus chemical signature in vertebrates. A recent study has proposed a restructuration of the skin microbiota in a generalist clown fish when first contacting its symbiotic anemone. We explored a novel hypothesis by testing the effect of remote interaction on epithelial microbiota restructuration in both partners. MethodsWith metataxonomics, we investigated the epithelial microbiota dynamic of 18 pairs of percula clownfish (Amphiprion percula) and their symbiotic anemone Heteractis magnifica in remote interaction, physical interaction and control groups for both partners during a four weeks trial.ResultsPhysical and Remote Interaction groups’ results evidence gradual epithelial microbiota convergence between both partners when fish and anemone were placed in the same water system. This convergence occurred preceding any physical contact between partners, and was maintained during the two-weeks interaction period in both contact groups. After the interaction period, community structure of both fish and anemone’s epthelial community structures maintained the interaction signature two weeks after fish-anemone pairs separation. Furthermore, the interaction signature persistence was observed both in Physical and Remote Interaction groups, thus suggesting that water-mediated chemical communication between symbiotic partners was strong enough to shift the skin microbiota durably, even after the separation of fish-anemone pairs. Finally, our results suggest that fish-anemone convergent microbiota restructuration was increasingly associated with the parallel recruitment of three Flavobacteriaceae strains closely related to a tyrosinase-producing Cellulophaga tyrosinoxydans. ConclusionsOur study shows that bacterial community restructuration, in the acclimation process, does not only rely on direct physical contact. Furthermore, our results challenge, for the first time, the traditional unidirectional chemical camouflage hypothesis, as we argue that convergence of the epithelial microbiota of both partners may play essential roles in establishing mutual acceptance.
Imaging findings and differential diagnosis of hepatic sinusoidal occlusion syndrome and Budd-Chiari syndrome
Authors: Jia Cui yu , Zhao Da wei , Feng Ji liang , Li Rui li , Wang Xin xin , Li Hong jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective

To retrospectively analyze the clinical and imaging manifestations differential points between hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) and Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS).
Material

The clinical symptoms, laboratory examination and imaging findings of 15 cases of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and 33 cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome were statistically analyzed, find the identification points. The study used the Fisher test, P values of 0.05 or less were considered to indicate significant differences. The retrospective study was approved by the hospital's ethics committee.
Results

Laboratory tests: There were significant differences in total protein reduction rate (66.7% vs 9.1%, p༜0.01), albumin reduction rate (66.7% vs 9.1%, p༜0.01), Gamma-glutamyltransferase elevation rate (100% vs 6.1%, P༜0.01), alkaline phosphatase elevation rate (60% vs 6.1%, p༜0.01), and abnormal rate of prothrombin time (100% vs 21.2%, p༜0.01) between the two groups (BCS vs SOS). It also indicates that the liver function of SOS patients is more seriously impaired. Image findings: The following image findings were observed significant more frequently in SOS than in BCS and were statistically significant: gallbladder wall thickening (66.7% vs 78.2%, p༜0.01), ascites (80% vs 27.3%, p༜0.01), cloverleaf or claw-like shapes (80% vs 0%, p༜0.01). The following images appeared more frequently in BCS than in BCS and were statistically significant: caudate lobe enlargement (33.3% vs 75.8%, p༜0.01), collateral circulation (46.7% vs 93.9%, p༜0.01), diffuse patchy enhancement (20% vs 93.9%, p༜0.01), homogeneous in delayed phase (13.3% vs 90.1%, p༜0.01).
Conclusion

To Identification of SOS and BCS should be based on the patient's laboratory examination and imaging findings to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Intact selective attention supports context memory in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Justus Sidni , Powell Patrick , Duarte Audrey 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Research on memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) finds increased difficulty encoding contextual associations in episodic memory and suggests executive dysfunction and deficient metacognitive monitoring as potential contributing factors. Using an aging framework, we tested the effects of selective attention on context memory in ASD. We evaluated memory performance, hyper-binding, and metamemory performance in a novel context memory task. Results showed that adults with ASD performed similarly to typically developed adults on all measures. We conclude that context memory performance is not disrupted in adults with ASD, even when demands on selective attention are high, and discuss the need for continued research to evaluate well-known neurotypical aging effects on episodic memory and further investigate the metacognitive profile in ASD.
Early effects of inspiratory muscle training in critical patients submitted to mechanical ventilation: A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: de Oliveira Franciele Borges , Mesquita Fabrício Olinda de Souza , de Medeiros Jéssica Mascena , Ribeiro Hálisson Alves , de Oliveira Paula Tamara Fonseca , Carvalho Rodrigo Gustavo da Silva 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Respiratory muscle weakness is one of the primary factors associated with difficulty of ventilatory weaning in critically ill patients. In this sense, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a possible facilitator of successful weaning. One of the devices used for IMT is the POWERbreathe®, because it provides a linear pressure load, with the possibility of gradual increments. The effectiveness of early IMT in this population is not yet well known. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of early IMT with a mechanical loading device on the weaning time of patients on invasive mechanical ventilation (primary outcome), respiratory muscle strength, length of stay in the intensive care unit and in the success rate of weaning (secondary outcomes).Methods: This randomised controlled trial, a single blind evaluation, will be conducted in the intensive care unit of a university hospital on 42 adults, who will be randomly and blindly categorised into the control group, comprising patients who undergo routine physical therapy only, and the training group, comprising patients who undergo routine physical therapy associated with IMT twice a day, with load adjusted daily at 50% of maximum inspiratory pressure, three series of 10 repetitions with one minute rest in between. Both groups will be assessed when patients are eligible for the study and before the ventilatory support withdrawal. Effects of the training will be analysed from the collected data using intention-to-treat analysis. Between-group differences will be measured using generalised estimating equations for data analysis.Discussion: Results of this trial will likely provide valuable new information on the effects of IMT on weaning time, respiratory muscle strength, length of stay in the intensive care unit and the success rate of weaning in critically ill patients.Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03758573. 29th November 2018.
Characterization of Cylindra Beetroot Wastes Volarized With Green Solvent by Thermal Emerging Technology (Microwave Irradiation)
Authors: Zin Moh Moh , Bánvölgyi Szilvia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Accordingly, with the benefits of high temperature with short time treatment, microwave irradiation has conquered novel extraction technology to volarize food wastes. Compared to other unconventional ways, microwave-assisted-extraction (MAE) is superior for its accordance with green solvents due to the mode of heating which based on the dielectric constant level of solvents. In this study, the extraction processes of bioactive compounds from waste parts of beetroot were accomplished using a home-use microwave oven. Aside from peel; stalk and flesh were utilized for extraction at three coded levels of process conditions (low, medium, and high) for comparison. Control samples were prepared at 70ºC for 1 h extraction time with 1:10 w/v solvent ratio. Spectrophotometric analysis was performed for approaching bioactive compounds existing in specific parts of the beetroot. Compared to the control, approximately 2.2 times of total betalains, phenolics, flavonoids, and the relevant antioxidants were scavenged at 800 W of microwave power together with 150 s of extraction period following the descending order: peel, flesh, and stalk. Our observation is a prove of the high extraction efficiency of green solvent since pure water solvent brought more amount of specific bioactive compounds than aqueous ethanol under the same studied process conditions.
Overuse of Follow-up Chest Computed Tomography in Patients With Incidentally Identified Nodules Suspicious for Lung Cancer
Authors: Guo Ran , Zhang Yang , Ma Zelin , Deng Chaoqiang , Fu Fangqiu , Hu Hong , Sun Yihua , Chen Haiquan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Regardless of professional societies agreed that CT screening inconsistent with recommendation leads to radiation-related cancer and unexpected cost, many patients undergo unnecessary chest CT before treatment. The goal of this study was to assess the overuse of Chest CT in different type of patients.Methods: Data on 1853 patients who underwent pulmonary resection from May 2019 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Data collected include age, sex, follow-up time, density and size of nodules and frequency of undergoing Chest CT. Pearson χ2 test and logistic regression were conducted to compare the receipt of CT screening.Results: Among 1853 patients in the study, 689 (37.2%) had overused Chest CT during follow-up of the lung cancer. This rate was 16.2% among patients with solid nodules, 57.5% among patients with pure ground glass opacity (pGGO), and 41.4% among patients with mixed ground glass opacity (mGGO) (P<.001). 50.7% in the “age ≤40” group, 39.8% in the “41≤age ≤50” group, 38.7% in the “51≤age ≤60” group, 32.3% in the “61≤age ≤70” group, 27.8% in the “>70” group underwent unnecessary CT (P<.001). Female get more unnecessary CT than male (40.6% vs 32.8%, P<.001). Factors associated with a greater likelihood of Chest CT is the density of nodules (odds ratios [ORs] of 0.53 for mGGO; 0.15 for solid nodule, P<.0001, vs patients with pGGO).Conclusion: roughly 37% patients with pulmonary nodules received Chest CT too frequently despite national recommendations against the practice. Closer adherence to clinical guidelines is likely to result in more cost-effective care.
Novel Reconfigurable Intelligent EBG Metasurface Layer for ASK Modulation
Authors: Almizan Hayder , Elwi Taha A. , Hassain Zaid A. Abdul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a novel structure of a reconfigurable Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) layer is presented for direct antenna Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) digital modulation. Therefore, the modulation process, in this paper, is realized without the need to include conventional parts like filters, mixers or power amplifiers. Beside many advantages, the proposed modulation process offers cost, complexity, and weight reductions to suit many modern applications including 5G systems. The reconfigurable EBG layer has two statuses: ON and OFF. Each status produces a certain level of gain enhancement. Via controlling the reconfigurable EBG statuses, the amplitude of the transmitted wave can be controlled. The results show such a system design can modulate the electromagnetic signals directly by varying the gain from 2 dBi for logic_0 (OFF) to 11 dBi for logic_1 (ON). For this, a mathematical model based on ray tracing analysis is conducted to explain the principle of operation of the proposed EBG layer. The antenna and EBG structures fabrication as a system is realized and tested experimentally. The measurements show good agreements with the proposed mathematical model and CST MWS simulations.
Randomised study within a trial (SWAT) to evaluate personalised versus standard text message prompts for increasing trial participant response to postal questionnaires (PROMPTS)
Authors: Cureton Lucy , Marian Ioana , Barber Vicki , Parker Adwoa , Torgerson David , Hopewell Sally 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Use of a person’s name in a text message has been shown to be effective in instigating behaviour change. We evaluated the effectiveness of a personalised text message (including the recipient’s name), versus a standardised text message for prompting a response from trial participants to complete and return postal follow-up questionnaires.Methods: Using a randomised study within a trial (SWAT) embedded within the host GRASP (Getting it Right: Addressing Shoulder Pain) trial, participants who provided a mobile telephone number were randomised (1:1) by a central computer system to receive either: 1) a personalised text message which included their name; 2) a standard text message. Text messages were sent by the trial office on the same day as the 6-month GRASP follow-up questionnaire. The primary outcome was questionnaire response rate, defined as the proportion of 6-month GRASP follow-up questionnaires returned by participants. Secondary outcomes included time to response, the proportion of participants sent a reminder follow-up questionnaire and cost.Results: Between March 2017 and May 2019 (recruitment period for GRASP trial), 618 participants were randomised to a personalised (n=309) or standard (n=309) text message and all were included in the analysis. The overall questionnaire response rate was 86.9% (n=537/618); 89.6% (n=277/309) of participants responded in the personalised text message group compared to 84.1% (n=260/309) in the standard text message group (Relative Risk (RR) 1.07; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.13). Participants randomised to receive the personalised text message were more likely to return their initial postal questionnaire than those who received the standard text message (n=185/309; 59.9% vs. n=160/309; 51.8%) (RR 1.16; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33); this represents an absolute percentage difference between intervention groups of 8.1%. Post-hoc subgroup analysis showed that males under 65 years were the group most likely to return their initial questionnaire if they received a personalised text message. Conclusion: Overall, participants who received a personalised text message were more likely to return their questionnaire than those who received the standard text message.Trial Registration: GRASP Trial ISRCTN16539266; SWAT Repository ID 35.
Curcumin Induces MCF-7 Cells Pyroptosis Via Autophagy/CTSB/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Signaling Pathway In Vitro And Vivo
Authors: Duan Haonan , Jiang Liping , Sun Xiance , Liu Xiaofang , Yang Guang , Sun Xianzhi , Cheng Tingting , Ji Yuchen , Zhang Fan , Du Yue , Ou Shu , Ma Rufei , Guan Xiuliang , Teng Nan , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Curcumin, as a lipid-lowering drug, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of breast cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been completely investigated.
Methods

MTT assay was used to determine the effect of curcumin on survival rate of MCF-7 cells. The effects of curcumin on tumor growth were observed in animal models of breast cancer. The positive reactions of Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by immunohistochemistry. LC3, p62, CTSB, ASC, Pro-Caspase-1, GSDMD, NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD-N, IL-1β and IL-18 were determined by Western blot in vitro and vivo. The release of extracellular IL-1β and IL-18 was determined by ELISA. LDH release was measured. The expression level of CTSB in cytoplasm were determined by immunofluorescence assay. Cell proliferation, cell migration and tube formation assays were used to determine the abilities of cells. In this study, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950, cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074 ME and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA were used to act on cells to investigate the role of NLRP3 inflammasome, cathepsin B and autophagy in curcumin-induced pyroptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Results

In mouse model of breast cancer, we observed that curcumin treatment significantly induced cell autophagy and pyroptosis. In human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, we found that curcumin induced pyroptotic cell death was dependent on the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway, which was CTSB-dependent. In addition, curcumin-induced cell autophagy caused lysosomal rupture and CTSB release. Furthermore, NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950) significantly suppressed curcumin-induced pyroptosis, as well as CTSB inhibitor (CA074 Me) and autophagy inhibitor (3-MA). Besides, we also found that curcumin suppressed cell proliferation, cell migration and tube formation, which could be reversed by inhibitors.
Conclusions

In summary, our results demonstrated that curcumin induced MCF-7 cell pyroptosis by the activation of autophagy/CTSB/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway. These findings offer novel insights into the potential molecular mechanisms of curcumin in treatment of breast cancer.
Combinatorial analyses reveal cellular composition changes have different impacts on transcriptomic changes of cell type specific genes in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Johnson Travis S. , Xiang Shunian , Dong Tianhan , Huang Zhi , Cheng Michael , Wang Tianfu , Yang Kai , Ni Dong , Huang Kun , Zhang Jie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains are characterized by progressive neuron loss and gliosis. Previous studies comparing AD versus control using bulk brain tissue samples have not considered cell composition changes in AD brains that can cause transcriptional changes not due to transcriptional regulation.Using five large transcriptomic datasets, we mined conserved gene co-expression network modules, and applied differential expression and differential co-expression analysis on the modules in AD versus control brains. Combined with cell type deconvolution analysis, we addressed the question of whether the module expression changes are due to altered cellular composition or transcriptional regulation. Our findings were validated using four additional datasets.We discovered that the increased expression of microglia modules can be explained by increased microglia population in AD brains rather than gene upregulation. In contrast, the decreased expression and perturbed co-expression in AD neuron modules are due to both neuron loss and regulation of neuronal pathways and several transcriptional factors are identified for such regulation. Similarly, the strong changes in expression and co-expression in astrocyte modules can also be attributed to a combinatory effect from astrogliosis and astrocyte gene activation in AD brains. The astrocyte modules expressions also strongly correlated with the clinicopathological biomarkers.In summary, we demonstrated that combinatorial analysis is a powerful approach to delineate the origin of transcriptomic changes in bulk tissue data, which leads to a deeper understanding of key genes/pathways in AD.
Low Complexity Rotation Algorithm for Reducing PAPR in Partial Transmits Sequence
Authors: Alameri Thamer , ali Nabeel , Attiah Mothana , Talib Mohammed Saad , Mezaal Jawad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is considered as a prime challenge in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. The partial transmits sequence (PTS) technique is one of the most effective methods for restraining the PAPR pattern. This study proposes a novel approach for enhancing PAPR reduction performance in a PTS by partitioning each subblock into two parts then exchanging the first sample with the last selection in each part of the subblock to generate a new partitioning scheme. The proposed algorithm is analysed and applied to typical traditional segmentation schemes, namely, the adjacent, interleaving and pseudo-random schemes. Moreover, simulation is conducted with two scenarios in which the number of subcarriers is set to 128 and 256. In both systems, the improved segmentation schemes demonstrate PAPR reduction performance that is superior to that of the traditional strategies. Furthermore, the computational complexity level of the enhanced adjusted PTS scheme is low compared with that of the conventional schemes.