bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcription factors CncC and Maf connect the molecular network between pesticide resistance and resurgence of pest mites
Authors: Shen Guang‐Mao , Ou Shi‐Yuan , Li Chuan‐Zhen , Feng Kai‐Yang , Niu Jin‐Zhi , Adang Michael J. , He Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPesticide resistance and resurgence are serious problems often occurring simultaneously in the field. In our long‐term study of a fenpropathrin‐resistant strain of Tetranychus cinnabaribus, enhancement of detoxification and modified fecundity mechanisms were both observed. Here we investigate the network across these two mechanisms and find a key node between resistance and resurgence. We show that the ecdysone pathway is involved in regulating the fecundity of T. cinnabaribus. The concentration change of ecdysone is consistent with the fecundity curve; the concentration of ecdysone is higher in the fenpropathrin‐resistant strain which has stronger fecundity. The enhancement of ecdysone is due to overexpression of two P450 genes (CYP314A1 and CYP315A1) in the ecdysone synthesis pathway. Silencing expression of these CYP genes resulted in lower concentration of ecdysone, reduced expression of vitellogenin, and reduced fecundity of T. cinnabaribus. The expression of CYP315A1 is regulated by transcription factors Cap‐n‐collar isoform C (CncC) and Musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma protein (Maf), which are involved in regulating other P450 genes functioning in detoxification of fenpropathrin in T. cinnabaribus. A similar regulation is established in citrus pest mite Panonychus citri showing that the CncC pathway regulates expression of PcCYP315A1, which affects mite fecundity. Transcription factors are activated to upregulate detoxification genes facilitating pesticide resistance, while the “one to multiple” regulation mode of transcription factors simultaneously increases expression of metabolic enzyme genes in hormone pathways and alters the physiology of pests. This is an important response of arthropods to pesticides which leads to resistance and population resurgence.
Occurrence of an endangered grassland butterfly is mainly driven by habitat heterogeneity, food availability, and microclimate
Authors: Scherer Gwydion , Fartmann Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Marsh Fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) was once widespread in large parts of Central Europe. However, in the course of the last century, populations of the butterfly largely collapsed. Here, we surveyed patch and microhabitat occupancy and its drivers in one of the last vital populations in calcareous grasslands. Our study revealed that environmental conditions at the landscape and habitat level determined the occurrence ofE. auriniain a montane agricultural landscape with low land‐use intensity. Patch occupancy increased with the cover of Devil's‐bit Scabious (Succisa pratensis) grasslands in the surroundings of the patches, habitat heterogeneity and host‐plant cover. Microhabitat occupancy was driven by a warm microclimate and high availability of host plants. In the well‐connected landscape of nutrient‐poor grasslands, patch occupancy ofE. auriniawas driven by parameters defining a high habitat quality. Habitat heterogeneity very likely buffersE. auriniapopulations against environmental stochasticity and, hence, enhances long‐term viability. For the gregariously feeding caterpillars ofE. aurinia, host‐plant biomass is essential. Due to their more luxuriant growth,S. pratensisplants were clearly preferred, although the Glossy Scabious (Scabiosa lucida) was also widespread. Additionally, the growth of largeSuccisaplants was favored by soil humidity and grassland abandonment. To cope with the adverse macro‐ and mesoclimatic conditions of the study area, females of the butterfly selected host plants growing in extraordinarily warm microhabitats for oviposition. To secure long‐term viability ofE. auriniapopulations, we recommend creating mosaics of traditionally managed grasslands and early stages of abandonment within the patches.
Progress and prospects of applying carbon‐based materials (and nanomaterials) to accelerate anaerobic bioprocesses for the removal of micropollutants
Authors: Silva Ana Rita , Alves Maria Madalena , Pereira Luciana 
Published: September 2021

SummaryCarbon‐based materials (CBM), including activated carbon (AC), activated fibres (ACF), biochar (BC), nanotubes (CNT), carbon xenogels (CX) and graphene nanosheets (GNS), possess unique properties such as high surface area, sorption and catalytic characteristics, making them very versatile for many applications in environmental remediation. They are powerful redox mediators (RM) in anaerobic processes, accelerating the rates and extending the level of the reduction of pollutants and, consequently, affecting positively the global efficiency of their partial or total removal. The extraordinary conductive properties of CBM, and the possibility of tailoring their surface to address specific pollutants, make them promising as catalysts in the treatment of effluents containing diverse pollutants. CBM can be combined with magnetic nanoparticles (MNM) assembling catalytic and magnetic properties in a single composite (C@MNM), allowing their recovery and reuse after the treatment process. Furthermore, these composites have demonstrated extraordinary catalytic properties. Evaluation of the toxicological and environmental impact of direct and indirect exposure to nanomaterials is an important issue that must be considered when nanomaterials are applied. Though the chemical composition, size and physical characteristics may contribute to toxicological effects, the potential toxic impact of using CBM is not completely clear and is not always assessed. This review gives an overview of the current research on the application of CBM and C@MNM in bioremediation and on the possible environmental impact and toxicity.
Alcohol dependence severity determines the course of treatment‐seeking patients
Authors: Yoshimura Atsushi , Kimura Mitsuru , Matsushita Sachio , Yoneda Jun‐ichi , Maesato Hitoshi , Komoto Yasunobu , Nakayama Hideki , Sakuma Hiroshi , Yumoto Yosuke , Takimura Tsuyoshi , Tohyama Tomomi , Iwahara Chie , Mizukami Takeshi , Yokoyama Akira , Higuchi Susumu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile accumulating evidence suggests a relation between the severity of alcohol dependence and the risk of its recurrence, the impact of dependence severity on the course of the disorder has not been carefully evaluated. The present study examined the impact of several severity indices of alcohol dependence on the drinking course after inpatient treatment.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted over a 12‐month period following alcohol treatment at a specialized hospital. A total of 712 consecutively admitted alcohol‐dependent patients were targeted for enrollment at the time of their hospitalization, with 637 patients registered and followed. The characteristics and severity of the subjects were assessed using multiple methods at admission, with their course after discharge followed continuously using mailed questionnaires that queried them regarding their drinking behavior.ResultsGreater severity of dependence, assessed using the number of ICD‐10 diagnostic criteria met, was associated with a lower rate of abstinence during the study period (p = 0.035). The rate of abstinence also decreased significantly as the baseline blood gamma‐glutamyl transferase value and Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) score increased (p = 0.031 and p = 0.0002, respectively). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses, the group with the most severe ADS scores had a significantly greater risk of relapse to drinking than the group with the least severe scores (HR = 2.67, p = 0.001). Dependence severity also associated with the drinking pattern; participants in both the controlled drinking group and the abstinence group had lower ADS scores at admission and a later age at first drinking (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) than those with poorer drinking outcomes.ConclusionsThe present study showed that more severe alcohol dependence predicts a poorer course after alcohol treatment, as reflected by findings on multiple measures. These results suggest that assessing the dependence severity at the outset of treatment could be useful both in predicting treatment outcome and targeting interventions to alcohol‐dependent individuals who need additional support in their recovery.
Residual alcohol use disorder symptoms after treatment predict long‐term drinking outcomes in seniors with DSM‐5 alcohol use disorder
Authors: Behrendt Silke , Kuerbis Alexis , Braun‐Michl Barbara , Bilberg Randi , Bühringer Gerhard , Bogenschutz Michael , Mejldal Anna , Andersen Kjeld , Søgaard Nielsen Anette 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRisk of relapse within the first months after alcohol use disorder (AUD) interventions is substantial among older adults. For this vulnerable group, little information exists on how this risk is associated with residual DSM‐5 AUD symptoms after treatment.AimsTo investigate among older adults who received short‐term treatment for DSM‐5 AUD (1) the prediction of drinking behaviors and quality of life 12 months after treatment initiation by 6‐month DSM‐5 AUD symptoms, AUD severity, and AUD remission, and (2) whether these DSM‐5 AUD indicators provide prognostic information beyond that gained from 6‐month alcohol use (AU) status.MethodsThe international multicenter RCT “ELDERLY‐Study” enrolled adults aged 60+ with DSM‐5 AUD. We used data from the subsample of 323 German and Danish participants with complete DSM‐5 AUD criterion information 6 months after treatment initiation (61% male; mean age = 65.5 years). AU was assessed with Form 90, DSM‐5 AUD with the M.I.N.I., and quality of life with the WHOQOL‐BREF. Generalized linear models were applied to investigate the associations between 6‐month AUD indicators and 12‐month AU and quality of life.ResultsIndependent of AU at 6 months, having 1 (vs. no) residual AUD symptom at 6 months predicted a 12‐month “slip,” defined as exceeding a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05% at least once during that time (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.5 to 9.0), heavy episodic drinking, and hazardous use (p < 0.05). AUD remission was associated with a lower risk of a “slip” at 12 months (p < 0.05). Failed reduction/cessation was associated with poorer physical health (Coef.: −0.4, 95% CI −0.7 to −0.1).ConclusionFor older adults, residual AUD symptoms in the first months after short‐term treatment predict problematic AU outcomes during the first 12 months after treatment entry. Thus, residual symptoms should be addressed in this patient population during posttreatment screenings.
Swine viscera preservation in hypersaturated salt solution after alcohol fixation as a preparation method for educational purposes
Authors: Guaraná Julia Belotto , Müller Alois Foltran , Strefezzi Ricardo de Francisco , Oliveira Fabrício Singaretti , Machado Luciana Cristina , Ambrósio Carlos Eduardo , Dória Renata Gebara Sampaio , Freitas Silvio Henrique de 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of live animals for educational purposes is an old practice that is still employed in teaching and research institutions. However, there are several objections to this practice, whether for ethical or humanitarian reasons. Surgical techniques teaching using anatomical pieces and/or preserved cadavers promotes greater learning efficiency, provides exercise repetition and increases the confidence and satisfaction of the students when compared to the use of live animals. The current work aimed to analyse the feasibility of using fresh swine urinary bladder and small intestines (jejunum), obtained from slaughterhouses, fixed in 99.8% ethyl alcohol (EA) and preserved in sodium chloride hypersaturated solution (SCHS) at 30%, for 7, 14 and 21 days, as an alternative method for surgical skills training (SST). Swine viscera, fixed in EA and preserved in SCHS, presented a realistic appearance, absence of odour and maintained the viable morphological characteristics during the performance of the operative techniques. Preservation solutions had low cost, were easy to acquire and did not offers risks to human health. Therefore, urinary bladders and small intestines fixed in 99.8% EA for 30 days and maintained in 30% SCHS at different periods were demonstrated as a good viable option as a preservation method for surgical skills training.
Regulating ingredients in sin goods
Authors: Calcott Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIf consumption of unhealthy food is excessive, then a policymaker might respond with a corrective tax. However, she might supplement the tax with a regulatory standard that limits the concentration of an unhealthy ingredient. A tax can restore social efficiency without supplemental regulation if all of four of the following conditions are satisfied: The tax is nutrient specific, the market structure is perfect competition, the magnitude of the distortion is the same across all consumers, and consumers do not react to the tax by substituting to untaxed foods that also have unhealthy ingredients. But if any of these conditions are not met, then there can be benefits to supplementing a corrective tax with a standard.
The relationship between common cognitive screening tests (Standardised Mini‐Mental State Examination and Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale) and the Cognitive Functional Independence Measure
Authors: Fox Sarah Therese , Thompson Leah Elizabeth , Rowland Jeffrey T. J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess whether the Cognitive Functional Independence Measure (Cog‐FIM) is correlated with the Standardised Mini‐Mental State Examination (SMMSE) and Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) and whether there is agreement between the Cog‐FIM and these two tests.MethodsFunctional Independence Measure assessments were undertaken on 98 subacute patients. Forty‐eight (48) patients were administered the SMMSE, and 50 were administered the RUDAS. Agreement was examined using the Bland‐Altman plot.ResultsCorrelation was observed between the Cog‐FIM and both the SMMSE and the RUDAS. The Bland‐Altman analysis demonstrated agreement between the Cog‐FIM and RUDAS, but not the Cog‐FIM and SMMSE. The limits of agreement between the Cog‐FIM and RUDAS were −13 to 13.ConclusionsThe Cog‐FIM is correlated with the RUDAS, but the agreement is unclear. Despite agreement of the means, the limits of agreement are large, which may suggest a clinically meaningful difference. The study should be repeated with a larger sample size.
Collaborative care: Primary health workforce and service delivery in Western New South Wales—A case study
Authors: Ramsden Robyn , Davies Sarah , Colbran Richard , Haigh Amelia , Connors Meegan , Nott Shannon , Lowe Estrella , Edwards Michael , Clegg Richard , Bagnulo Sharif , Pit Sabrina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore how four small towns in rural New South Wales known as the 4Ts are addressing challenges accessing quality care and sustainable health services through a collaborative approach to workforce planning using the collaborative care framework.DesignDescriptive case study approach.SettingThe collaborative care project was developed as a result of ongoing partnerships between 2 rural Local Health Districts, 2 Primary Health Networks and a non‐governmental health workforce organisation. The collaboration works with 5 subregions each comprising 2 or more rural communities. This paper focuses on the 4Ts subregion.ParticipantsStakeholders of the collaborative design including organisations and the community.InterventionA place‐based approach to co‐designing health services with community in one sub‐region of Western New South Wales.Main outcome measuresA synthesis of field observations and experiences of community and jurisdictional partners in implementation of the 4Ts subregional model. Mapping of implementation processes against the collaborative care framework.ResultsThe collaborative care framework is a useful planning and community engagement tool to build health workforce literacy and to impact on system change at the local level. We identify key elements of effectiveness in establishing the 4Ts model, including the need for coordinated health system planning, better integrating existing resources to deliver services, community engagement, building health workforce literacy and town‐based planning.ConclusionThis study adds to the body of knowledge about how to successfully develop a collaborative primary health care workforce model in practice. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of a collaborative primary health care workforce model using the collaborative care framework can improve service access and quality, which in turn might facilitate workforce sustainability.
Comparative analysis of meat quality and chemical composition among three weight groups of Chinese Ningdu yellow chicken: Implications for customer choice
Authors: Hu Xiaolong , Wan Lei , Liu Shuibing , Chen Biao , Li Wen , Wu Chonghua , Xiong Ting , Xi Suwang , Mao Huirong , Liu Sanfeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the meat quality and evaluate the chemical composition of Chinese Ningdu yellow chicken of different weights once they have reached market age. Thirty hens at the day of age 118 were selected and divided into three groups according to their weight: light weight (1288.00 ± 69.78 g, n = 10), medium weight (1407.17 ± 39.40 g, n = 10), heavy weight (1581.6 ± 46.59 g, n = 10), and the differences in weight among these three groups are significant. Biochemical, histological, and metabonomic approaches were used to obtain index values of meat quality and chemical composition. Compared with meat from lighter chickens, muscle fiber density was significantly lower in heavier chickens, and meat pH was positively correlated with chicken weight. Though the amount of all measured amino acids were not different among three weight groups of chicken, the levels of several kinds of fatty acids exhibited significant differences or correlations, including linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These results contribute to help customers choose the optimal chicken weight depending upon the food to be cooked.
Accounting for post‐randomization variables in meta‐analysis: A joint meta‐regression approach
Authors: Lian Qinshu , Zhang Jing , Hodges James S. , Chen Yong , Chu Haitao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMeta‐regression is widely used in systematic reviews to investigate sources of heterogeneity and the association of study‐level covariates with treatment effectiveness. Existing meta‐regression approaches are successful in adjusting for baseline covariates, which include real study‐level covariates (e.g., publication year) that are invariant within a study and aggregated baseline covariates (e.g., mean age) that differ for each participant but are measured before randomization within a study. However, these methods have several limitations in adjusting for post‐randomization variables. Although post‐randomization variables share a handful of similarities with baseline covariates, they differ in several aspects. First, baseline covariates can be aggregated at the study level presumably because they are assumed to be balanced by the randomization, while post‐randomization variables are not balanced across arms within a study and are commonly aggregated at the arm level. Second, post‐randomization variables may interact dynamically with the primary outcome. Third, unlike baseline covariates, post‐randomization variables are themselves often important outcomes under investigation. In light of these differences, we propose a Bayesian joint meta‐regression approach adjusting for post‐randomization variables. The proposed method simultaneously estimates the treatment effect on the primary outcome and on the post‐randomization variables. It takes into consideration both between‐ and within‐study variability in post‐randomization variables. Studies with missing data in either the primary outcome or the post‐randomization variables are included in the joint model to improve estimation. Our method is evaluated by simulations and a real meta‐analysis of major depression disorder treatments.
Characteristics of thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis and organomegaly syndrome: a retrospective study from a large Western cohort
Authors: Maisonobe Lucas , Bertinchamp Rémi , Damian Louise , Gérard Laurence , Berisha Mirlinda , Guillet Stéphanie , Fieschi Claire , Malphettes Marion , Fadlallah Jehane , Hié Miguel , Dunogué Bertrand , De Wilde Virginie , Vandergheynst Frédéric , Zafrani Lara , Grall Maximilien , Saada Noémie , Garzaro Margaux , Oksenhendler Eric , Galicier Lionel , Boutboul David 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIdiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a non‐clonal inflammatory lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown origin. Recently, TAFRO syndrome (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis and organomegaly) emerged as a singular variant of iMCD in Asia and was associated with a severe course and a poor outcome. The present study describes the first large Western cohort of TAFRO syndrome patients (n = 25) meeting the All Japan TAFRO Syndrome Research Group diagnostic criteria. Characteristics of TAFRO patients were compared to iMCD‐not otherwise specified (iMCD‐NOS) patients used as a control group (n = 43). Our results show that despite baseline characteristics in accordance with previously reported series, Western TAFRO syndrome patients do not appear to present with a worse outcome than iMCD‐NOS patients. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding treatment choice, response to rituximab (71% vs. 67%) or tocilizumab (69% vs. 91%) in TAFRO and iMCD‐NOS, respectively. The two‐year overall survival was above 95% in both groups. Limits of inclusion and exclusion criteria for TAFRO definition are also discussed. Our findings raise the question of the singularity of the TAFRO entity in Western countries. The data should promote further research using unsupervised models to identify markers of disease severity in Western cohorts of iMCD patients.
Observed dyadic racial socialization disrupts the association between frequent discriminatory experiences and emotional reactivity among Black adolescents
Authors: Dunbar Angel S. , HaRim Ahn Lydia , Coates Erica E. , Smith‐Bynum Mia A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the underlying mechanisms by which racism degrades mental health and the factors that disrupt these mechanisms is paramount. Black adolescents (Mage = 15.5) and their mothers (Mage = 44) were observed discussing a hypothetical discriminatory situation and surveyed about their discriminatory experiences (N = 110). Results indicated that adolescents’ submissive emotional reactivity (e.g., sadness, embarrassment) in direct response to discrimination, rather than dominant reactivity (e.g., anger, frustration), was the primary mechanism explaining the link between discrimination and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Maternal advocacy combined with high levels of dyadic warmth and emotion expression reduced girls’ submissive reactivity, whereas a more directive “no‐nonsense” advocacy approach reduced boys’ submissive reactivity. Findings demonstrate how racial socialization can disrupt the pain of discrimination.