bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysarthria in children and adults with ataxia telangiectasia
Authors: Veenhuis Stefanie J G , van OS Nienke J H , van Gerven Marjo H J C , van Haaften Leenke , Mulder Elisabeth H , Weemaes Corry M R , Willemsen Michèl A A P 
Published: February 2021

AimTo investigate the characteristics and severity of dysarthria in children and adults with ataxia telangiectasia.MethodAll children and adults with ataxia telangiectasia who visited our multidisciplinary outpatient clinic for ataxia telangiectasia were asked to participate in this study, which took place in March 2019. To evaluate dysarthria, we used the Radboud Dysarthria Assessment in adults (older than 18y) and the paediatric Radboud Dysarthria Assessment in children (5–18y), including the observational tasks ‘conversation’ and ‘reading’, and the speech‐related maximum performance tasks ‘repetition rate’, ‘phonation time’, ‘fundamental frequency range’, and ‘phonation volume’. Speech intelligibility was measured using the Intelligibility in Context Scale.ResultsTwenty‐two individuals (15 children [5–17y], seven adults [19–47y]; 14 males and eight females; mean age 19y, SD 15y 2mo) participated. Dysarthria was present in all participants and characterized by ataxic components in adults and similar uncontrolled movements in children. In most participants, speech was mildly to mildly/severely affected. Almost all participants had an abnormal score for at least one maximum performance task.InterpretationDysarthria in ataxia telangiectasia is characterized by uncontrolled, ataxic, and involuntary movements, resulting in monotonous, unstable, slow, hypernasal, and chanted speech.What this paper adds

Dysarthria in ataxia telangiectasia is characterized by uncontrolled, ataxic, and involuntary movements.

Dysarthria in ataxia telangiectasia results in monotonous, unstable, slow, hypernasal, and chanted speech.

Dysarthria in ataxia telangiectasia can be assessed using the Radboud Dysarthria Assessment and the paediatric Radboud Dysarthria Assessment.
Neurodevelopmental profiles of children with unilateral cerebral palsy associated with middle cerebral artery and periventricular venous infarctions
Authors: Fehlings Darcy , Krishnan Pradeep , Ragguett Renee‐Marie , deVeber Gabrielle , Gorter Jan Willem , Hunt Carolyn , Kim Marie , Mesterman Ronit , McCormick Anna ,   CP‐NET Group
Published: February 2021

AimTo compare the neurodevelopment of children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) with middle cerebral artery (MCA) and periventricular venous infarctions (PVIs).MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, children with unilateral CP completed a neurological exam, unimanual Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test, hand usage questionnaires, and IQ test. Neuroimaging was obtained from health records.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐five participants with unilateral CP had neuroimaging (151 [61.9%] male, ages 2–18y, median=7y 6mo, interquartile range [IQR]=6y 7mo, with 93.6% in Gross Motor Function Classification System level I/II and 78.8% in Manual Ability Classification System level I/II). Ninety‐seven (39.6%) had MCA injuries and 106 (43.3%) had periventricular white matter injuries, of which 48 (45.3%) were PVIs. Median Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test for the MCA group was 49.2 (IQR=55.8), PVI 79.9 (IQR=23.6) (Mann–Whitney U=988.50, p<0.001). Bimanual hand usage (Children's Hand‐use Experience Questionnaire) (Mann–Whitney U=425, p<0.001) and light touch (odds ratio=9.12, 95% confidence interval 1.28–400.76, Fisher's exact test p=0.017) were lower in the MCA compared to the PVI group. Full‐scale IQ median centile score for the MCA group was 18.0 (IQR=35.5) and 50.0 (IQR=30.0) for the PVI group (Mann–Whitney U=382, p<0.001).InterpretationChildren with unilateral CP and MCA injuries demonstrated lower hand function and usage, decreased light touch, and lower IQs compared to the PVI group. This study aids in defining rehabilitation needs informed by brain injury patterns.
Tonic GABAergic inhibition, via GABAA receptors containing αβƐ subunits, regulates excitability of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons
Authors: Tossell Kyoko , Dodhia Rakesh A. , Galet Benjamin , Tkachuk Olga , Ungless Mark A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe activity of midbrain dopamine neurons is strongly regulated by fast synaptic inhibitory γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inputs. There is growing evidence in other brain regions that low concentrations of ambient GABA can persistently activate certain subtypes of GABAA receptor to generate a tonic current. However, evidence for a tonic GABAergic current in midbrain dopamine neurons is limited. To address this, we conducted whole‐cell recordings from ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons in brain slices from mice. We found that application of GABAA receptor antagonists decreased the holding current, indicating the presence of a tonic GABAergic input. Global increases in GABA release, induced by either a nitric oxide donor or inhibition of GABA uptake, further increased this tonic current. Importantly, prolonged inhibition of the firing activity of local GABAergic neurons abolished the tonic current. A combination of pharmacology and immunohistochemistry experiments suggested that, unlike common examples of tonic inhibition, this current may be mediated by a relatively unusual combination of α4βƐ subunits. Lastly, we found that the tonic current reduced excitability in dopamine neurons suggesting a subtractive effect on firing activity.
Effect of soil internal forces on fragment size distributions after aggregate breakdown and their relations to splash erosion
Authors: Liu Jingfang , Xu Chenyang , Hu Feinan , Wang Zilong , Ma Rentian , Zhao Shiwei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoil aggregate breakdown is the key step of splash erosion. Recent studies have shown that it is the soil internal forces that induce aggregate breakdown and subsequent splash erosion. However, little is known about the size characteristics of soil aggregate breakdown and corresponding effects on splash erosion. In this study, Cinnamon soil and Heilu soil were adopted to investigate the effects of soil internal forces on the characteristics of aggregate fragments and splash erosion through wet sieving and rainfall simulation. The results showed the following. (1) With a decrease in electrolyte concentration in soil solution, soil net repulsive force increased; meanwhile, aggregate stability decreased and splash erosion rate increased. Additionally, when the electrolyte concentration was less than 10−2 mol L−1, soil net repulsive force hardly changed, and aggregate stability and splash erosion rate accordingly varied very little. (2) With the increase in the soil net repulsive force, the content of fragments <0.053 mm released from aggregates increased, whereas the content of fragments >0.25 mm decreased, thus suggesting that the aggregates tended to break into fine fractions as soil net repulsive forces increased. (3) Regression analyses showed that soil splash erosion rate decreased linearly with increases in the aggregate stability; moreover, correlation analyses showed that splash erosion rate was significantly and positively correlated with the fragments with a diameter of <0.053 mm, and negatively correlated with the fragments with a diameter of >0.25 mm. This study suggests that soil internal forces induce the aggregate crush and determine the size distribution of fragments available for mobilization by the raindrop impact force. Also, the raindrop impact force is the driving mechanism leading to the movement of fragments. This study provides new insights into the mechanism responsible for splash erosion and could be valuable for controlling soil erosion.Highlights
Soil aggregates breakdown dynamics and splash erosion were quantitatively investigated.
Soil internal forces determined the size distribution of fragments after aggregates breakdown.
The movement of soil fragments largely depended on raindrop impact force.
Splash erosion was driven by the soil internal forces and raindrop impact force.
Further evidence on calendar anomalies
Authors: Hsu Yuan‐Teng , Koedijk Kees G. , Liu Hung‐Chun , Wang Jying‐Nan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the day‐of‐the‐week effect of cross‐market leveraged exchange‐traded funds (LETFs) in the Taiwanese stock market. We find that Wednesday's overnight returns are significantly positive for bull 2X LETFs tracking major stock indices of the Chinese market, whereas no such an effect is found for ETFs tracking local or other international stock markets. The “T + 1” trading rule and a lagged Monday effect potentially explain this anomaly. Finally, simulation analysis of various simple trading rules further shows that there exist exploitable profit opportunities in cross‐market bull 2X LETF markets.
A global meta‐analysis of temperature effects on marine fishes’ digestion across trophic groups
Authors: Knight Nicole S. , Guichard Frédéric , Altieri Andrew H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe temperature constraint hypothesis proposes that marine herbivorous fishes are rare at high latitudes relative to carnivorous fishes because low temperatures impair the digestion of plant material. To test this hypothesis, we compared the effects of temperature on the digestive performance and investment in digestion of marine fishes across trophic groups.LocationGlobal marine ecosystems.Major taxa studiedMarine fishes.MethodsWe analysed data from 304 species consuming a range of diets to quantify the effects of temperature on three indicators of digestive performance and investment: gut passage time, absorption efficiency, and gut length.ResultsDecreasing temperatures increase gut passage time in fishes consuming macroalgae more than fishes consuming other fish or invertebrates. Low temperatures do not impair absorption efficiency in fishes regardless of diet, but herbivores have lower absorption efficiencies than carnivores overall. Gut length decreases with decreasing temperature in all trophic groups.Main conclusionsOur analyses reveal limited evidence to support the temperature constraint hypothesis. Low temperatures slow digestion more in fishes consuming macroalgae than those consuming animal prey; however, this may not reflect a meaningful disadvantage for herbivores but rather could be explained by greater representation of fishes relying on microbial fermentation at high latitudes. Herbivorous fishes absorb nutrients and energy from their food in similar proportions regardless of temperature, in contrast to the expectations of the temperature constraint hypothesis. Decreased gut length was associated with decreasing temperature across all trophic groups, likely due to improved food quality at high latitudes, which should benefit all trophic groups by reducing their required investment in gut tissues. Altogether, our findings run counter to the general hypothesis that low temperatures disadvantage the digestion of plant material and suppress the diversity and abundance of herbivorous fishes at high latitudes.
Can technical indicators predict the Chinese equity risk premium?
Authors: Sun Mingwei , Glabadanidis Paskalis 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe find that technical indicators have substantial predictive power over the Chinese equity risk premium. Technical indicators complement macroeconomic variables in predicting the Chinese equity risk premium. The predictive power is more pronounced at a weekly frequency rather than a monthly frequency as suggested by the out‐of‐sample tests. Furthermore, weekly‐level technical indicators can predict the firm‐level excess returns while monthly‐level indicators cannot. The weekly‐level indicators can also predict sorted portfolio excess return and risk factors. Overall, in comparison with the US stock market, the Chinese stock market seems to have higher‐frequency price trends. The cross‐sectional predictive power of the technical indicators is closely related to market capitalization rather than volatility.
Psychometric properties of a brief self‐reported health‐related quality of life measure (HRQoL‐IDD) for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Pett Marjorie A. , Guo Jia‐Wen , Cardell Beth , Johnson Erin P. , Guerra Nichole , Clark Lauren 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo encourage self‐determination and address health disparities among persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities, clinicians and researchers rely on self‐reported measures like health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a theory‐driven self‐reported HRQoL measure for adults requiring mild to moderate support related to intellectual and developmental disabilities.Method224 volunteers completed 42 quality of life items developed with extensive input from persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities, family members/caregivers, and providers. The 5‐point Likert scale format with visual images of fluid‐filled cups represented the range of responses.ResultsExploratory and Unrestricted Factor Analyses yielded 16 HRQoL items with 4 subscales: Functional Well‐Being, Emotional Well‐Being, Social Well‐Being, and Healthy Decision‐making. The HRQoL‐IDD explained 62.8% of variance, had satisfactory internal consistency (0.73–0.83), stability of reponses, and reading level (2nd grade, ages 7‐8).ConclusionsThe HRQoL‐IDD is a promising measure of self‐reported HRQoL for use in community‐based settings for persons requiring mild to moderate support related to intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Safety of combining cosmetic injectables with radiofrequency microneedling: A 4.5‐year review
Authors: Wang Jordan V. , Valiga Alexander , Albornoz Christian A. , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPairing energy‐based treatments, including radiofrequency microneedling, with either injectable neuromodulators or soft‐tissue fillers can be an effective therapy for facial rejuvenation. However, there remains concerns by some physicians that this combination may add new risks for adverse events. Theoretical risks of combining energy‐based treatment with neuromodulator injections include unintentional spread, which may result in eyelid ptosis and asymmetry. Potential risks with soft‐tissue fillers include unexpected loss of filler volume, necrosis, burn, and product migration. In order to shed more light on this topic, we performed a retrospective chart review of single‐session facial treatments with radiofrequency microneedling and cosmetic injectables over a 4.5 year period. We found no documented adverse events recorded related to combination treatment. This is important information that adds to the patient safety literature.
1540‐nm fractional erbium: Glass laser is a safe and effective modality for nonablative facial rejuvenation
Authors: Solomon‐Cohen Efrat , Lapidoth Moshe , Mimouni Daniel , Akerman Lehavit , Slodownik Dan , Hodak Emmilia , Levi Assi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLaser treatments for facial rejuvenation are common, with ablative modalities being of more common use for this indication. Efficient nonablative modalities are of rising demand.AimOur aim was to determine the safety and efficacy of high‐fluence, nonablative 1540‐nm fractional Erbium:glass laser for facial rejuvenation.Patients and MethodsA retrospective study of patients treated with 3‐4 treatments using the 1540‐nm fractional Erbium:glass laser for facial rejuvenation, using 2500‐3000 mJ/stacked pulses (51‐61 mJ per pixel). Patients were followed‐up for 3 months following their last treatment. Before and after photos were independently blindly evaluated by 2 dermatologists, who graded them using a scale from 0 (exacerbation) to 4 (76%‐100% improvement) for 2 different facial regions (frontal face region and lateral canthal region). Pain perception and adverse effects as well as patient satisfaction were documented throughout the study.ResultsSixteen patients completed both treatment and follow‐up period. At the 3‐months posttreatment follow‐up visit, moderate‐to‐significant improvement in rhytids appearance (mean grade of improvement: 2.93 for frontal face and 3 for lateral canthal region) was observed. Patients’ satisfaction was high (4.25). Patients reported mild and transient erythema posttreatment with no other adverse effects.ConclusionThe high‐fluence 1540‐nm fractional Erbium:glass laser is a safe and effective nonablative modality for facial rejuvenation.
Role of inflammatory markers in polycystic ovaries syndrome: In relation to insulin resistance
Authors: Alissa Eman M. , Algarni Samiah A. , Khaffji Azza J. , Al Mansouri Nisma M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between plasma levels of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), C reactive protein (CRP), and interlukin‐6 (IL‐6) with insulin resistance in Saudi women with polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS).MethodsOne hundred eighty Saudi women with and without PCOS, aged 22–38 years, were randomly recruited in this age and body mass index matched case–control study. Clinical assessment, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical parameters were determined for all study participants.ResultsLevels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, hs‐CRP, insulin, and insulin resistance indices were significantly higher among PCOS group than their age and BMI matched controls (p < 0.05). Results showed that only QUICK‐I (β = −0.247, p < 0.0001, 95% CI: −3.009 to −0.977) independently predicted TNF‐α levels after adjustment for potential confounders.ConclusionsElevated plasma levels of TNF‐ α and IL‐6 among PCOS women reflects a state of chronic inflammation with potential implication for insulin resistance, independent of obesity.
Degenerative type of placental chorioangioma requiring fetal blood transfusion
Authors: Iwahata Hideyuki , Iwahata Yuriko , Homma Chika , Kurasaki Akiko , Hasegawa Junichi , Suzuki Nao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe experienced a case with fetal hydrops, polyhydramnios, and a well‐defined oval anechoic lesion of approximately 9 cm in size, without blood flow at 26 weeks' gestation. As increased middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity, the fetal hydrops was caused by a placental tumor such as a chorioangioma; however, the tumor was atypical. Fetal blood hemoglobin was 8.3 g/dl on percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling. After erythrocytes transfusion to the fetus, the mother normally delivered at 38 weeks' gestation. The placental tumor was histologically diagnosed as a necrotic chorioangioma. Obstetricians should note such atypical chorioangiomas when differential diagnosis of placental tumors.
Mechanisms of niche‐neutrality balancing can drive the assembling of microbial community
Authors: Wang Lixiao , Han Maozhen , Li Xi , Yu Bingbing , Wang Huading , Ginawi Amjed , Ning Kang , Yan Yunjun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOne hotspot of present community ecology is to uncover the mechanisms of community succession. In this study, two popular concepts, niche‐neutrality dynamic balancing and co‐occurrence network analysis, were integrated to investigate the dispersal dynamics of microbial communities in a freshwater river continuum in subtropical China. Results showed that when habitat conditions were mild and appropriate, such as in the clean upstream river, free of heavy pollution or long‐lasting extreme disturbances, stochastic processes could increase species diversities, and organize communities into relatively loosely linked and stable networks with higher modularity and more modules. However, when conditions became degraded under heavy pollution, the influence of neutrality diminished, and niche‐based selection imposed more constraints on communities and guided the assembling processes in certain directions: depleting species richness, strengthening interspecies connections and breaking boundaries of modules. Consequently, communities became more sensitive to fluctuations so as to deal with the harsh conditions efficiently. Another interesting finding was that, both as keystone taxa of communities, module hubs were mostly neutrally distributed generalists with high abundances, and were beneficial to many related operational taxonomic units. In contrast, connectors were less abundant and their distributions were more subjected to the environments. Therefore, connectors were probably responsible for the information transmission between microbial communities and environments, as well as between different modules, and thus could restrict the dispersal of microbes and guide the direction of community assembly.
Clinical learning environment and graduating nursing students' competence: A multi‐country cross‐sectional study
Authors: Visiers‐Jiménez Laura , Suikkala Arja , Salminen Leena , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Henriques Maria Adriana , Jiménez‐Herrera Maria , Nemcová Jana , Pedrotti Daniel , Rua Marília , Tommasini Cristina , Zeleníková Renáta , Kajander‐Unkuri Satu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore nursing students' perceptions of their final clinical learning environment and its association with their self‐assessed competence, satisfaction with nursing education, and turnover intentions at graduation in six European countries. A multi‐country comparative cross‐sectional study was conducted with nursing students (n = 1746) from the Czech Republic, Finland, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia, and Spain using the Nurse Competence Scale and the Clinical Learning Environment and Supervision scale. Nursing students' overall perceptions of their final clinical learning environment and supervision were positive in all the countries studied. The correlation between the students' perceptions of their final clinical learning environment and competence was statistically significant and positive. Satisfaction with the nursing program and clinical practicum and no consideration of career change were related to positive perceptions of the final clinical learning environment. Highlighting the importance of the supervisory relationship and pedagogical atmosphere, nursing students' positive perceptions of the final clinical learning environment and supervision contribute to a better level of self‐assessed competence and satisfaction with the nursing program and clinical practicum, leading to lower turnover intentions.
Chronic constipation in adults: Contemporary perspectives and clinical challenges. 2: Conservative, behavioural, medical and surgical treatment
Authors: Corsetti Maura , Brown Steven , Chiarioni Giuseppe , Dimidi Eirini , Dudding Thomas , Emmanuel Anton , Fox Mark , Ford Alexander C. , Giordano Pasquale , Grossi Ugo , Henderson Michelle , Knowles Charles H. , O’Connell P. Ronan , Quigley Eamonn M. M. , Simren Magnus , Spiller Robin , Whelan Kevin , Whitehead William E. , Williams Andrew B. , Scott S. Mark 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic constipation is a prevalent disorder that affects quality of life of patients and consumes resources in healthcare systems worldwide. In clinical practice, it is still considered a challenge as clinicians frequently are unsure as to which treatments to use and when. Over a decade ago, a Neurogastroenterology and Motility journal supplement devoted to the investigation and management of constipation was published (Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009;21(Suppl 2):1). In October 2018, the 3rd London Masterclass, entitled “Contemporary management of constipation” was held. The faculty members of this symposium were invited to write two reviews to present a collective synthesis of talks presented and discussions held during this meeting. The first review addresses epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical associations, pathophysiology, and investigation.PurposeThe present is the second of these reviews, providing contemporary perspectives and clinical challenges regarding behavioral, conservative, medical, and surgical treatments for patients presenting with constipation. It includes a management algorithm to guide clinical practice.