bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of N7‐glycidamide guanine adducts in human blood DNA following exposure to dietary acrylamide using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Jones Donald J. L. , Singh Raj , Emms Victoria , Farmer Peter B. , Grant Derryn , Quinn Paulene , Maxwell Colleen , Mina Antria , Ng Leong L. , Schumacher Sandra , Britton Robert G. 
Published: December 2021

RationaleAcrylamide is classified as a probable human carcinogen that is metabolised to glycidamide, which can covalently bind to DNA. The aim of this study was to investigate the formation of N7‐glycidamide guanine (N7‐GA‐Gua) adducts in human blood DNA following exposure to acrylamide present in carbohydrate‐rich foods as part of the normal human diet.MethodsLymphocyte DNA was extracted from blood samples obtained from healthy human volunteers. Following thermal depurination of the DNA samples, N7‐GA‐Gua adducts were quantified using a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method incorporating a stable isotope labelled internal standard. Estimated dietary acrylamide intake was recorded by completion of food frequency questionnaires for the 24 hours prior to volunteer blood donation.ResultsAn LC/MS/MS method was validated with a limit of detection of 0.25 fmol and a lower limit of quantitation of 0.50 fmol on column. N7‐GA‐Gua adducts were detected in human blood DNA with the levels ranging between 0.3 to 6.3 adducts per 108 nucleotides. The acrylamide intake was calculated from the food frequency questionnaires ranging between 20.0 and 78.6 μg.ConclusionsIdentification and quantification of N7‐GA‐Gua adducts in the blood DNA of healthy volunteers suggests that dietary acrylamide exposure may lead to the formation of DNA adducts. This important finding warrants further investigation to ascertain a correlation between environmental/dietary acrylamide exposure and levels of DNA adducts.
Mixed ‐synthesis for ‐stability
Authors: Apkarian Pierre , Noll Dominikus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider stabilization and performance optimization of nonlinear controlled systems, where the nonlinearity satisfies a sector constraint asymptotically. This leads to optimization of the closed loop peak‐to‐peak system norm subject to‐performance constraints. Nonlinear controlled systems tuned successfully by this novel approach are locally exponentially stable and globally BIBO‐stable.
Does where they start affect where they finish? A multimethod investigation of the role of stocking location on survival and dispersal of hatchery‐reared Lake Sturgeon in Missouri River tributaries
Authors: Moore Michael J. , Paukert Craig P. , Bonnot Thomas W. , Brooke Brandon L. , Moore Travis L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite ongoing Lake Sturgeon recovery efforts, little is known about the role of stocking location on survival and dispersal to nursery habitats. We stocked age‐0 Lake Sturgeon at four sites in two adjacent Missouri River tributaries and used telemetry to examine whether survival and dispersal differed among stocking sites and rivers. Survival estimates from Barker Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber models that incorporated both receiver detections and auxiliary manual detections were higher than spatial capture‐recapture models that only included receiver detections. Barker model overwinter survival averaged 53% and provided information to adjust individual censoring in spatial capture‐recapture model dispersal estimates. Within the two rivers, stocking site had little effect on activity centers with individuals from both sites converging upon similar locations by the end of the study period. However, dispersal distance and direction differed among stocking locations. Our overwinter survival estimates of stocked age‐0 Lake Sturgeon in Missouri River tributaries were equal to or higher than other studied populations suggesting stocked juveniles may be contributing to the recovering population. Tributaries were important overwintering nursery locations with high stream fidelity that may contribute to future homing among adults.
Synthesis of Spirooxindole Analogs Tethered Pyrazole Scaffold as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Shahidul Islam Mohammad , Al‐Majid Abdullah Mohammed , Azam Mohammad , Prakash Verma Ved , Barakat Assem , Haukka Matti , Domingo Luis R. , Elgazar Abdullah A. , Mira Amira , Badria Farid A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA new series of spirooxindole analogs tethered pyrazole scaffold constructed via [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction starting from the new chalcone named (E)‐3‐(5‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐(5‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one which confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Synthesized spirooxindole analogs were evaluated for their neuroprotection through the inhibition of acetylcholine esterase enzyme using Ellman's method. Compounds 9 w, 9 e and 9 x showed the strongest acetylcholine esterase inhibition (AChEI) with IC50 values of 5.7, 7.8 and 8.3 μM, respectively. Obviously, the incorporation of NO2 group into isatin 5th position and N‐methylglycine (sarcosine) play a crucial role for the activity which lead to compound 9 w had the most potent inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 5.7 μM. Molecular docking was used to study their interaction with the active site of hAChE. These 32CA reactions takes place via a one‐step mechanism with a high polar character as a consequence of the supernucleophilic character of azomethine yildes and the strong electrophilic character of ethylenes.
Mechanical and biodegradation properties of fresh and rotten jicama starches based bioplastics
Authors: binti Nazree Anne Aleesa , Adrus Nadia , Ab Muis Zarina , Hashim Haslenda , Baharulrazi Norfhairna , Che Man Siti Hajjar , Zainal Alam Muhd Nazrul Hisham , A. Majid Rohah , Johnson Edwina , Abdullah Abdul Razak , Chuprat Bahrul Razha , Ali Fathillah , Jamaluddin Jamarosliza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, starch‐based bioplastics have been proposed to curb the problem caused by conventional plastics. Yet, current bioplastics are made from food sources which cause competition with food industries. Hence, we have produced bioplastics using rotten starch‐based material to tackle this problem. In this study, a comprehensive investigation has been carried out on the preparation of bioplastics extracted from fresh jicama (FJ) and rotten jicama (RJ). Specifically, glycerol as the plasticizer and starch contents were varied to obtain bioplastic with the optimum properties via tensile, chemical and thermal characterizations. The results have confirmed that both FJ and RJ starch bioplastics possessed similar characteristics in terms of physical appearance, transparency and chemical functionalities. Moreover, the tensile and thermal properties of RJ and FJ bioplastics fall within the range specification for packaging applications. FJ bioplastic has maximum stress of 0.43 MPa and maximum strain of 50 MPa at an optimized concentration (St31%_gly6.75) which tells that they formed stronger and higher flexibility than RJ bioplastics. Importantly, the RJ bioplastics have a faster biodegradation rate compared to FJ bioplastics. In conclusion, bioplastics from rotten starch have properties as good as FJ and served as a feasible platform for the development of bioplastics from rotten sources.
Evolving fetal phenotypes and clinical impact of progressive prenatal exome sequencing pathways: cohort study
Authors: Mone F. , Abu Subieh H. , Doyle S. , Hamilton S. , Mcmullan D. J. , Allen S. , Marton T. , Williams D. , Kilby M. D. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine (1) the diagnostic yield and turnaround time (TAT) of two consecutive prenatal exome sequencing (ES) pathways, (2) the evolution of the fetal phenotype and (3) the clinical impact of detecting causative pathogenic variants and incidental findings.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort analysis of prospectively collected fetal cases that underwent trio ES in the presence of a structural anomaly and normal chromosomal microarray testing in the West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham, UK. The study included two phases: (1) between July 2018 and October 2020, the clinical pathway from the Prenatal Assessment of Genomes and Exomes (PAGE) study was adopted and involved prenatal trio ES based on a panel of 1542 development disorder genes and case selection by a multidisciplinary team; (2) between October 2020 and July 2021, prenatal trio ES investigation was based on the National Health Service (NHS) England R21 pathway, with definitive inclusion criteria and a panel of 1205 prenatally relevant genes. Deep phenotyping was performed throughout pregnancy and postnatally.ResultsA total of 54 cases were included. The diagnostic yield before vs after R21 pathway implementation was 28.0% (7/25) and 55.2% (16/29), respectively (P = 0.04). The respective values for mean TAT were 54.0 days (range, 14–213 days) and 14.2 days (range, 3–29 days). In cases in which a causative pathogenic variant was identified and in which the pregnancy reached the third trimester, additional anomalies were detected between the second and third trimesters in 73.3% (11/15) of cases, predominantly secondary to progressive hydropic features (3/11 (27.3%)), arthrogryposis (3/11 (27.3%)) or brain anomaly (2/11 (18.2%)). In three cases, a variant of uncertain significance was reclassified to likely pathogenic based on postnatal information. Detection of a causative pathogenic variant had a significant clinical impact in 78.3% (18/23) of cases, most frequently affecting decision‐making regarding the course of the pregnancy and neonatal management (7/18 (38.9%)).ConclusionsPrenatal ES using the NHS England R21 pathway showed great promise when applied to this cohort, allowing a genetic diagnosis to be made in over half of preselected cases with a fetal structural anomaly on ultrasound. Monitoring and real‐time updating of fetal phenotype and reclassification of variants based on postnatal findings is vital to increase the clinical impact that is already evident from this emerging genomic technology. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Early imaging predictors of fetal cerebral ischemic injury in monochorionic twin pregnancy complicated by spontaneous single intrauterine death
Authors: Shinar S. , Harris K. , Van Mieghem T. , Lewi L. , Morency A. M. , Blaser S. , Ryan G. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveMonochorionic twin pregnancies are at increased risk of single intrauterine death (sIUD) and subsequent brain injury in the surviving twin owing to shared placentation. We assessed the association between middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) and cerebral injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and examined the association between cerebral findings on diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and those on T2‐weighted imaging following spontaneous sIUD.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of monochorionic pregnancies complicated by spontaneous sIUD followed at a tertiary center between January 2008 and January 2020. Pregnancies with sIUD following laser treatment, those with selective feticide, double IUD occurring on the same day or sIUD before 14 weeks' gestation were excluded, as were cases in which MCA‐PSV was not measured or DWI‐MRI was not performed. The ability of MCA‐PSV Doppler to predict subsequent cerebral injury on MRI was assessed, and DWI findings were analyzed and compared with those on susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) and T2‐weighted MRI to determine its diagnostic accuracy.ResultsWe assessed 64 monochorionic pregnancies complicated by spontaneous sIUD. Of these, 47 (73.4%) pregnancies underwent fetal brain MRI and met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen (34.0%) of these fetuses demonstrated cerebral injury on MRI. The median interval between the diagnosis of sIUD and MRI examination was 5 days. Fetuses with increased MCA‐PSV > 1.5 multiples of the median (MoM) following sIUD were significantly more likely to demonstrate cerebral injury on MRI than were those with normal MCA‐PSV (68.8% vs 38.7%; P = 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of MCA‐PSV > 1.5 MoM for predicting cerebral injury on MRI were 68.8% (95% CI, 41.3–88.9%) and 61.3% (95% CI, 42.2–78.2%), respectively. Patterns of early cerebral injury on T2‐weighted and SWI‐MRI included acute or subacute tissue swelling (n = 6), parenchymal atrophy (n = 7), loss of cortical ribbon (n = 1) and hemorrhage (n = 8). Early MRI within approximately 2 weeks after the diagnosis of sIUD demonstrated abnormal DWI along with coexisting SWI and T2‐weighted sequelae in 56.3% (9/16) of cases. When DWI was normal and a second MRI examination was performed later (n = 7), there were no ischemic changes evident on T2‐weighted imaging.ConclusionsIncreased MCA‐PSV is associated with, but predicts poorly, cerebral injury after sIUD. Early MRI with DWI within approximately 2 weeks after the diagnosis of sIUD is valuable in identifying any cerebral injury. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Catalytic antimicrobial therapy using nanozymes
Authors: Wang Qian , Jiang Jing , Gao Lizeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNanozymes are nanomaterials with enzyme‐like characteristics, which catalyze the conversion of enzyme substrates and follow enzymatic kinetics under physiological conditions. As a new generation of artificial enzymes, nanozymes provide alternative approaches for those upon enzymatic catalysis. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages of simple preparation, good stability and low cost, which makes nanozymes promising for application in many fields, such as antimicrobial infection treatment. Many studies have reported that nanozymes are capable of killing a number of pathogenic bacteria with resistance, fungi as well as viruses, and have shown great curative effects for diseases caused by these pathogens. Herein, we summarize the application of nanozymes for antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal therapies and outline the issues needing resolution in the future.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Differentiation of Cerebral Neoplasms with Vessel Size Imaging (VSI)
Authors: Foda Asmaa , Kellner Elias , Gunawardana Asanka , Gao Xiang , Janz Martin , Kufner Anna , Khalil Ahmed A. , Geran Rohat , Mekle Ralf , Fiebach Jochen B. , Galinovic Ivana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Cerebral neoplasms of various histological origins may show comparable appearances on conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Vessel size imaging (VSI) is an MRI technique that enables noninvasive assessment of microvasculature by providing quantitative estimates of microvessel size and density. In this study, we evaluated the potential of VSI to differentiate between brain tumor types based on their microvascular morphology.

Methods
Using a clinical 3T MRI scanner, VSI was performed on 25 patients with cerebral neoplasms, 10 with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 8 with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) and 7 with cerebral lung cancer metastasis (MLC). Following the postprocessing of VSI maps, mean vessel diameter (vessel size index, vsi) and microvessel density (Q) were compared across tumors, peritumoral areas, and healthy tissues.

Results
The MLC tumors have larger and less dense microvasculature compared to PCNSLs in terms of vsi and Q (p = 0.0004 and p < 0.0001, respectively). GBM tumors have higher yet non-significantly different vsi values than PCNSLs (p = 0.065) and non-significant differences in Q. No statistically significant differences in vsi or Q were present between GBMs and MLCs. GBM tumor volume was positively correlated with vsi (r = 0.502, p = 0.0017) and negatively correlated with Q (r = −0.531, p = 0.0007).

Conclusion
Conventional MRI parameters are helpful in differentiating between PCNSLs, GBMs, and MLCs. Additionally incorporating VSI parameters into the diagnostic protocol could help in further differentiating between PCNSLs and metastases and potentially between PCNSLs and GBMs. Future studies in larger patient cohorts are required to establish diagnostic cut-off values for VSI.
Microsporidian Infection in Mosquitoes (Culicidae) Is Associated with Gut Microbiome Composition and Predicted Gut Microbiome Functional Content
Authors: Trzebny Artur , Slodkowicz-Kowalska Anna , Björkroth Johanna , Dabert Miroslawa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe animal gut microbiota consist of many different microorganisms, mainly bacteria, but archaea, fungi, protozoans, and viruses may also be present. This complex and dynamic community of microorganisms may change during parasitic infection. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the presence of microsporidians on the composition of the mosquito gut microbiota and linked some microbiome taxa and functionalities to infections caused by these parasites. We characterised bacterial communities of 188 mosquito females, of which 108 were positive for microsporidian DNA. To assess how bacterial communities change during microsporidian infection, microbiome structures were identified using 16S rRNA microbial profiling. In total, we identified 46 families and four higher taxa, of whichComamonadaceae,Enterobacteriaceae,FlavobacteriaceaeandPseudomonadaceaewere the most abundant mosquito-associated bacterial families. Our data suggest that the mosquito gut microbial composition varies among host species. In addition, we found a correlation between the microbiome composition and the presence of microsporidians. The prediction of metagenome functional content from the 16S rRNA gene sequencing suggests that microsporidian infection is characterised by some bacterial species capable of specific metabolic functions, especially the biosynthesis of ansamycins and vancomycin antibiotics and the pentose phosphate pathway. Moreover, we detected a positive correlation between the presence of microsporidian DNA and bacteria belonging toSpiroplasmataceaeandLeuconostocaceae, each represented by a single species,Spiroplasmasp. PL03 andWeissellacf.viridescens,respectively.Additionally,W.cf.viridescenswas observed only in microsporidian-infected mosquitoes. More extensive research, including intensive and varied host sampling, as well as determination of metabolic activities based on quantitative methods, should be carried out to confirm our results.
Sensor-integrating gears: wear detection by in-situ MEMS acceleration sensors
Authors: Peters Julian , Ott Lorenz , Dörr Matthias , Gwosch Thomas , Matthiesen Sven 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGear tooth wear is a common phenomenon leading to malfunctions in machines. To detect wear and faults, gear condition monitoring by vibration is established. The problem is that the measurement data quality for detection of wear by vibration is not good enough with currently established measurement methods, caused by long signal paths of the commonly used housing mounted sensors. In-situ sensors directly at the gear achieve better data quality, but are not yet proved in wear detection. Further it is unknown what analysis methods are suited for in-situ sensor data. Existing gear condition metrics are mainly focused on localized gear tooth faults, and do not estimate wear related values. This contribution aims to improve wear detection by investigating in-situ sensors and advance gear condition metrics. Using a gear test rig to conduct an end of life test, the wear detection ability of an in-situ sensor system and reference sensors on the bearing block are compared through standard gear condition metrics. Furthermore, a machine-learned regression model is developed that maps multiple features related to gear dynamics to the gear mass loss. The standard gear metrics used on the in-situ sensor data are able to detect wear, but not significantly better compared to the other sensors. The regression model is able to estimate the actual wear with a high accuracy. Providing a wear related output improves the wear detection by better interpretability.
Fair allocation of conflicting items
Authors: Hummel Halvard , Hetland Magnus Lie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study fair allocation of indivisible items, where the items are furnished with a set ofconflicts, and agents are not permitted to receive conflicting items. This kind of constraint captures, for example, participating in events that overlap in time, or taking on roles in the presence of conflicting interests. We demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that fairness characterizations such as EF1, MMS and MNW still are applicable and useful under item conflicts. Among other existence, non-existence and computability results, we show that a$$1/\Delta $$1/Δ-approximate MMS allocation fornagents may be found in polynomial time when$$n>\Delta >2$$n>Δ>2, for any conflict graph with maximum degree$$\Delta$$Δ, and that, if$$n > \Delta $$n>Δ, a 1/3-approximate MMS allocation always exists.
Heterogeneity in Family Life Course Patterns and Intra-Cohort Wealth Disparities in Late Working Age
Authors: Kapelle Nicole , Vidal Sergi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConsidering soaring wealth inequalities in older age, this research addresses the relationship between family life courses and widening wealth differences between individuals as they age. We holistically examine how childbearing and marital histories are associated with personal wealth at ages 50–59 for Western Germans born between 1943 and 1967. We propose that deviations from culturally and institutionally-supported family patterns, or the stratified access to them, associate with differential wealth accumulation over time and can explain wealth inequalities at older ages. Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP, v34, waves 2002–2017), we first identified typical family trajectory patterns between ages 16 and 50 with multichannel sequence analysis and cluster analysis. We then modelled personal wealth ranks at ages 50–59 as a function of family patterns. Results showed that deviations from the standard family pattern (i.e. stable marriage with, on average, two children) were mostly associated with lower wealth ranks at older age, controlling for childhood characteristics that partly predict selection into family patterns and baseline wealth. We found higher wealth penalties for greater deviation and lower penalties for moderate deviation from the standard family pattern. Addressing entire family trajectories, our research extended and nuanced our knowledge of the role of earlier family behaviour for later economic wellbeing. By using personal-level rather than household-level wealth data, we were able to identify substantial gender differences in the study associations. Our research also recognised the importance of combining marital and childbearing histories to assess wealth inequalities.