bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The assessment of presenteeism and activity impairment in Behçet’s syndrome and recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a multicentre study
Authors: Karacayli Umit , Adesanya Adebowale , Aksoy Aysun , Belem Joice M F M , Cardin Natália Borges , Sarı Fatma Busra , Beyhan Tuğba Emine , Çelik Zülal , Karacayli Ceren , Alibaz-Öner Fatma , Inanç Nevsun , Ergun Tülin , Yay Meral , Madanat Wafa , Silva de Souza Alexandre Wagner , Fortune Farida , Direskeneli Haner , Mumcu Gonca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate key factors for presenteeism and activity impairment in multinational patients with Behçet’s syndrome (BS) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 364 BS patients from Jordan, Brazil, the United Kingdom and Turkey and 143 RAS patients from the United Kingdom and Turkey were included. The Work Productivity Activity Impairment (WPAI) scale was used for presenteeism and activity impairment. Mediation analyses were performed to evaluate both direct and indirect causal effects.

Results
Presenteeism score was higher in active patients with genital ulcers and eye involvement as well as patients with comorbidities and current smokers than the others in BS (P &lt; 0.05). In RAS, presenteeism score was elevated by oral ulcer activity in the direct path (P = 0.0073) and long disease duration as a mediator in the indirect path (P = 0.0191). Patients with active joint involvement had poor scores in absenteeism, presenteeism, overall impairment and activity impairment compared with those of inactive patients (P &lt; 0.05). Using mediation analysis, the activity impairment score was directly mediated by joint activity (P = 0.0001) and indirectly mediated through oral ulcer-related pain in BS (P = 0.0309).

Conclusion
In BS, presenteeism was associated with disease activity, presence of comorbidities and being a current smoker, whereas in RAS, presenteeism was associated with oral ulcer activity and increased length of the disease. Moreover, activity impairment was adversely affected by joint activity and oral ulcer related pain in BS. Patients need to be empowered by using appropriate treatment strategies in their working environment and daily life.
Gentrified Discipline: The Impact of Gentrification on Exclusionary Punishment in Public Schools
Authors: Pearman Francis A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study examines the effects of gentrification on exclusionary punishment in urban schools across the United States. Integrating longitudinal data from the National Center for Education Statistics, the Civil Rights Data Collection, the U.S. Census, and the American Community Survey, this study estimates the effects of gentrification on suspensions, expulsions, law enforcement referrals, and school arrests through a series of negative binomial regression models. Results indicate that gentrification does not have broad or striking influences on school disciplinary environments overall, but it does promote modest increases in out-of-school suspensions as well as racial disparities in suspensions. Little evidence is found that effects vary by sex, grade level, or school racial composition. A battery of sensitivity analyses suggests that overall findings are generally robust to the presence of unobserved confounding and are broadly consistent across alternative model specifications and different measures of gentrification.
Combined threats to native smooth-shelled mussels (genus Mytilus) in Australia: bioinvasions and hybridization
Authors: Zbawicka Małgorzata , Wenne Roman , Dias Patricia Joana , Gardner Jonathan P A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Human-mediated pressures, including bioinvasions, threaten the biotas of every continent. Hybridization and introgression between invasive and native species may result in loss of genetic integrity of native taxa but, in many cases, these events are hard to detect because the invader is impossible to tell apart from the native taxon. The problem of cryptic invasive taxa and its importance for biodiversity protection have been underestimated, because of the limited number of studies of broadly distributed taxa using sensitive nuclear DNA markers. We employed a panel of 51 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to examine genetic interactions between Australian native smooth-shelled mussels, Mytilus planulatus, and invasive and cryptic Northern Hemisphere M. galloprovincialis along 4400 km of coastline from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean. Overall, 20.8% of mussels from ten sites were native species. The centre of distribution of M. planulatus is in south-eastern Australia, in particular in Tasmania. We suggest that ongoing spatial and temporal monitoring of Tasmanian sites is required to test for the presence of M. galloprovincialis and its possible further spread, and that hatchery production of M. planulatus for farming and reseeding into the wild may help reduce the likelihood of its loss.
Occurrence of a Novel Strain of Moroccan Watermelon Mosaic Virus Infecting Pumpkins in Kenya
Authors: Mumo Naomi Nzilani , Ateka Elijah Miinda , Mamati Edward George , Rimberia Fredah K. , Asudi George Ochieng’ , Machuka Eunice , Njuguna Joyce Njoki , Stomeo Francesca , Pelle Roger 
Published: July 2021

The Potyvirus Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV) naturally infects and severely threatens production of cucurbits and papaya. In this study, we identified and characterized MWMV isolated from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) intercropped with MWMV-infected papaya plants through next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing approaches. Complete MWMV genome sequences were obtained from two pumpkin samples through NGS and validated using Sanger sequencing. The isolates shared 83.4 to 83.7% nucleotide (nt) and 92.3 to 95.1% amino acid (aa) sequence identities in the coat protein and 79.5 to 79.9% nt and 89.2 to 89.7% aa identities in the polyprotein with papaya isolates of MWMV. Phylogenetic analysis using complete polyprotein nt sequences revealed the clustering of both pumpkin isolates of MWMV with corresponding sequences of cucurbit isolates of the virus from other parts of Africa and the Mediterranean regions, distinct from a clade formed by papaya isolates. Through sap inoculation, a pumpkin isolate of MWMV was pathogenic on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) but not on papaya. Conversely, the papaya isolate of MWMV was nonpathogenic on pumpkin, watermelon, and cucumber, but it infected zucchini. The results suggest the occurrence of two strains of MWMV in Kenya having different biological characteristics associated with the host specificity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma on the Upper Lip
Authors: Ebisudani Shogo , Suzuki Yoshinori , Osugi Ikuko , Takasu Miori 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
We treated a patient with juvenile xanthogranuloma on the upper lip. A yellow, elastic, hard tumor on the upper lip was evident from birth, which gradually increased in size. The patient was examined at our department at the age of 7 months, at which time the mass extended from the upper lip to the nasal cavity and measured approximately 1 cm. There was a risk that the mass might obstruct the nasal cavity, and an incisional biopsy was conducted to obtain a definitive diagnosis. In histopathological testing, the patient was diagnosed with a juvenile xanthogranuloma. Part of the mass still remains on the upper lip, but has not increased in size during postoperative monitoring. Juvenile xanthogranuloma on the upper lip is extremely rare, and to the best of our knowledge, this is only the fourth case to be reported in the plastic surgery literature in English. In most cases, juvenile xanthogranuloma regresses spontaneously, and unnecessary surgery is to be avoided. The possibility of juvenile xanthogranuloma should always be considered for masses that increase in size in infants and young children, and it is important to reach a definitive diagnosis by skin biopsy.
Nonvaccine human papillomavirus genotype common in women with HIV failing cervical precancer treatment
Authors: Carlander Christina , Lagheden Camilla , Eklund Carina , Nordqvist Kleppe Sara , Dzabic Mensur , Wagner Philippe , Sparén Pär , Dillner Joakim 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess failure after treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) by HIV status and human papillomavirus (HPV) type.

Design:
A population-based register study.

Methods:
The Swedish National HIV Registry, the Swedish Population Registry and the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry were linked to identify all women in Stockholm and Gothenburg counties (Sweden) living with HIV and diagnosed with CIN2+ sometime between 1983 and 2014 (n = 179). HIV-negative controls with CIN2+, were matched (2 : 1) for country of birth. CIN2+ biopsies were retrieved from biobanks and genotyped. Absolute risk and adjusted odds ratios (adjOR) of treatment failure by HIV status given HPV type (HPV16/18 vs. non-HPV16/18) were calculated.

Results:
HPV16 (32%) and HPV35 (24%) dominated in women living with HIV (WLWH) with failure, HPV35 mainly in women born in sub-Saharan Africa (67%). The absolute risk of failure in women with HPV16/18 was 26% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 14–44] in WLWH and 12% in HIV-negative (95% CI 7–19). The absolute risk of failure in women with non-HPV16/18 was 20% (95% CI 12–31) in WLWH and 5% in HIV-negative (95% CI 2–11). WLWH with non-HPV16/18 were six times more likely to fail than HIV-negative (adjOR 6.1, 95% CI 2.0–18.6).

Conclusion:
HPV35, not included in current HPV vaccines, was the second most common type in WLWH with failure. WLWH with non-HPV16/18 were six times more likely to fail than HIV-negative. This could have implications for surveillance and vaccination post CIN2+ treatment, particularly in WLWH from sub-Saharan Africa.
Nucleation and growth dynamics of ellipsoidal crystals in metastable liquids
Authors: Nikishina Margarita A. , Alexandrov Dmitri V. 
Published: July 2021

When describing the growth of crystal ensembles from metastable solutions or melts, a significant deviation from a spherical shape is often observed. Experimental data show that the shape of growing crystals can often be considered ellipsoidal. The new theoretical models describing the transient nucleation of ellipsoidal particles and their growth with and without fluctuating rates at the intermediate stage of bulk phase transitions in metastable systems are considered. The nonlinear transport (diffusivity) of ellipsoidal crystals in the space of their volumes is taken into account in the Fokker–Planck equation allowing for fluctuating growth rates. The complete analytical solutions of integro-differential models of kinetic and balance equations are found and analysed. Our solutions show that the desupercooling dynamics is several times faster for ellipsoidal crystals as compared to spherical particles. In addition, the crystal-volume distribution function is lower and shifted to larger particle volumes when considering the growth of ellipsoidal crystals. What is more, this function is monotonically increasing to the maximum crystal size in the absence of fluctuations and is a bell-shaped curve when such fluctuations are taken into account.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 1)’.
Effect of ring-shaped clusters on magnetic hyperthermia: modelling approach
Authors: Abu-Bakr Ali F. , Zubarev Andrey Yu. 
Published: July 2021

Experiments demonstrate that magnetic nanoparticles, embedded in a tissue, very often form heterogeneous structures of various shapes and topologies. These structures (clusters) can significantly affect macroscopical properties of the composite system, in part its ability to generate heat under an alternating magnetic field (so-called magnetic hyperthermia). If the energy of magnetic interaction between the particles significantly exceeds the thermal energy of the system, the particles can form the closed ring-shaped clusters. In this work, we propose a relatively simple model of the heat production by the particles united in the ‘ring’ and immobilized in a host medium. Mathematically, this model is based on the phenomenological Debye equation of kinetics of the particles remagnetization. Magnetic interaction between all particles in the cluster is taken into account. Our results show that the appearance of the clusters can significantly decrease the thermal effect.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 1)’.
On the forecastability of food insecurity
Authors: Foini Pietro , Tizzoni Michele , Martini Giulia , Paolotti Daniela , Omodei Elisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFood insecurity, defined as the lack of physical or economic access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food, remains one of the main challenges included in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Near real-time data on the food insecurity situation collected by international organizations such as the World Food Programme can be crucial to monitor and forecast time trends of insufficient food consumption levels in countries at risk. Here, using food consumption observations in combination with secondary data on conflict, extreme weather events and economic shocks, we build a forecasting model based on gradient boosted regression trees to create predictions on the evolution of insufficient food consumption trends up to 30 days in to the future in 6 countries (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali, Nigeria, Syria and Yemen). Results show that the number of available historical observations is a key element for the forecasting model performance. Among the 6 countries studied in this work, for those with the longest food insecurity time series, that is Syria and Yemen, the proposed forecasting model allows to forecast the prevalence of people with insufficient food consumption up to 30 days into the future with higher accuracy than a naive approach based on the last measured prevalence only. The framework developed in this work could provide decision makers with a tool to assess how the food insecurity situation will evolve in the near future in countries at risk. Results clearly point to the added value of continuous near real-time data collection at sub-national level.
Prospective genomic surveillance reveals cryptic MRSA outbreaks with local to international origins among NICU patients
Authors: Worley Jay N. , Crothers Jessica W. , Wolfgang William J. , Venkata Sai Laxmi Gubbala , Hoffmann Maria , Jayeola Victor , Klompas Michael , Allard Marc , Bry Lynn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMRSA infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonates. Clinical testing and routine surveillance screening identified an increase in neonates with MRSA colonization and infection which triggered prospective genomic surveillance. Here we show the complex transmission dynamics of MRSA in a NICU setting. Analyses revealed concurrent transmission chains affecting 16 of 22 MRSA-colonized patients (68%), and 3.1% of all NICU patients (n=517). Prematurity and longer lengths of stay increased risks for colonization. Intervals of up to 7 months occurred among some cluster-related isolates. 3 of 22 MRSA-colonized patients developed invasive infections with the colonizing strain. Comparisons with 21,521 isolates in the NCBI Pathogen Detection Resource revealed NICU strains to be distinct from MRSA seen locally and internationally. Integration of international strain datasets in analyses increased the resolution of strain clusters and helped rule-out suspected transmission events. Analyses also identified sequence type 1535 isolates, emergent in the Middle East, carrying a unique SCCmec with fusC and aac(6’)-Ie/aph(2’’)-1a that provided a multi-drug resistant phenotype. NICU genomic surveillance identified cryptic MRSA colonization events, including NICU-endemic strains not linked with local hospital or international clusters, and has rich potential to guide improvements in infection prevention for this vulnerable patient population.
Understanding Adverse Population Sentiment Towards the Spread of COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Hohl Alexander , Choi Moongi , Medina Richard , Wan Neng , Wen Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the immediate threat of illness and mortality is not the only concern. In the United States, COVID-19 is not only causing physical suffering to patients, but also great levels of adverse sentiment (e.g., fear, panic, anxiety) among the public. Such secondary threats can be anticipated and explained through sentiment analysis of social media, such as Twitter.MethodsWe obtained a dataset of geotagged tweets on the topic of COVID-19 in the contiguous United States during the period of 11/1/2019 - 9/15/2020. We classified each tweet into “adverse” and “non-adverse” using the NRC Emotion Lexicon and tallied up the counts for each category per county per day. We utilized the space-time scan statistic to find clusters and a three-stage regression approach to identify socioeconomic and demographic correlates of adverse sentiment.ResultsWe identified substantial spatiotemporal variation in adverse sentiment in our study area/period. After an initial period of low-level adverse sentiment (11/1/2019 - 1/15/2020), we observed a steep increase and subsequent fluctuation at a higher level (1/16/2020 - 9/15/2020). The number of daily tweets was low initially (11/1/2019 - 1/22/2020), followed by spikes and subsequent decreases until the end of the study period. The space-time scan statistic identified 12 clusters of adverse sentiment of varying size, location, and strength. Clusters were generally active during the time period of late March to May/June 2020. Increased adverse sentiment was associated with decreased racial/ethnic heterogeneity, decreased rurality, higher vulnerability in terms of minority status and language, and housing type and transportation.ConclusionsWe utilized a dataset of geotagged tweets to identify the spatiotemporal patterns and the spatial correlates of adverse population sentiment during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The characteristics of areas with high adverse sentiment may be relevant for communication of containment measures. The combination of spatial clustering and regression can be beneficial for understanding of the ramifications of COVID-19, as well as disease outbreaks in general.
Financial burden of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Rajat Sanker Roy , Nath Jishu Deb , Ahmed Kazi Farhad 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is needed to patients who goes to end stage renal disease(ESRD). Most of the evidence on its costs relates to patients receiving dialysis or kidney trans-plants, which shows that, in these phases, CKD poses a high burden to payers. The aim of this study was to estimate the financial burden of patients with CKD on maintenance hemodialysis.MethodsIt is one -year observational study, carried out to collect data on 105 patients with CKD on dialysis taking from different centers of Chittagong Bangladesh. After collection of sociodemographic informations financial status were collected from patients who gave informed written consent to be included in the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.ResultsRegarding gender distribution, male was 73(69.5%) and female was 32(30.5%). Male to female ratio was 2.28:1. Age group distribution revealed 10(9.5%) patients were at <30 years, 18(17.1%) were at 31-40 years, 23(21.9%) were at 41-50 years, 26(24.8%) were at 51-60 years, 20(19.0%) were at 61-70 years and 8(7.6%) were >71 years age. Among all most were involved in service 40(38.1%) and business 23(21.9%). Socio economic status of the patients revealed 42(40.0%) patients were from upper middle class, 50(47.6%) were from lower middle class. Among all, 33(31.4%) patients took treatment from abroad. Regarding bearing of cost of the dialysis 24(22.9%) were self financed and 35(33.3%) got help from others(non family member), 11(10.5%) took loan and 13(12.4%) sold their stable land property. Regarding tenure of dialysis 31(29.5% patients are getting dialysis <1 year and 74(70.5%) were getting it for 1-2 years. Previous monthly income before start of dialysis was zero(0) in 33(31.4%) patients and it was >30000 taka/month in 34(32.4%) patients and after start of dialysis present monthly income was zero(o) per month in 67(63.8%) patients and >30000 taka/month in 13(12.4%) patients. Regarding expenditure for each dialysis showed 2(1.9%) had zero(0) taka and 46(43.8%) patients needed 1000-2000 taka/session and 41(39.0%) needed 2000-3000 taka /session.ConclusionDialysis in CKD patients is a huge financial burden to the patients himself and the family. Government assistance should be provided to all patients who are unable to bear the cost.
Accelerometer-measured habitual physical activity and sedentary time in pediatric concussion: A controlled cohort study
Authors: Sharma Bhanu , Obeid Joyce , DeMatteo Carol , Noseworthy Michael D. , Timmons Brian W. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo characterize and quantify differences in accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time between children with concussion (within the first month of injury) and 1:1 matched healthy controls.MethodsSecondary analysis of accelerometer data collected on 60 children with concussion and 60 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and season of accelerometer wear. Daily and hourly sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), and vigorous physical activity (VPA) were compared between groups per independent samples t-tests.ResultsChildren with concussion (12.74 ± 2.85 years, 31 females) were significantly more sedentary than controls (12.43 ± 2.71 years, 31 females; mean difference [MD], 38.3 minutes/day, p=0.006), and spent less time performing LPA (MD, -19.5 minutes/day, p=0.008), MPA (MD, -9.8 minutes/day, p<0.001), and VPA(MD, -12.0 minutes/day, p<0.001); hour-by-hour analyses showed that these differences were observed from 8:00AM to 9:00PM. Sex-specific analyses identified that girls with concussion were less active and more sedentary than both boys with concussion (MD, 50.8 minutes/day; p=0.010) and healthy girls (MD, 51.1 minutes/day; p<0.010). Days post-injury significantly predicted MPA (β=0.071, p=0.032) and VPA (β=0.095, p=0.004), but not LPA or sedentariness in children with concussion.ConclusionClinical management should continue to advise against prolonged rest following pediatric concussion, given the activity debt observed within the first-month of injury. Currently, clinical management of concussion is shifting towards prescribing a single bout of daily sub-maximal aerobic exercise. Interventions aimed at reducing overall sedentary time and increasing habitual physical activity in pediatric concussion also warrant study.KEY FINDINGSWhat are the new findings?Per accelerometry, children with concussion are significantly more sedentary than healthy controls within the first-month of injuryRelative to healthy controls, in the first-month of injury, children with concussion perform less accelerometer-measured light, moderate, and vigorous physical activityThese patterns of increased sedentary time and reduced physical activity are seen throughout the day, from 8:00 AM to 9:00 PMModerate and vigorous physical activity levels are predicted by days-post injury in children with concussion, and may increase naturally as a consequence of recoveryHow might it impact on clinical practice in the future?Given the accumulating evidence that prolonged rest should be avoided following concussion, primary care clinicians should continue to advocate for light physical activity post-concussion to limit increased sedentary time