bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In a World Where You can be Anyone: An Investigation into the Gendered Social Practices of Pakistani Facebook Users
Authors: Salam Rauha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the construction of gender identities of Pakistani men and women Facebook users given that Facebook has emerged as the prime social media platform through which Pakistani users interact. By employing thematic analysis and taking insights from theory of performativity and intersectionality, the findings of the interview data suggest that the formation, negotiation, and expression of gender identities on Facebook occurs through complex interplay between the discourses of religion, class, culture, and tradition. In some cases, Facebook highlighted the reproduction of the prevalent cultural models of masculinity and femininity while in other cases; there was resistance to the existing socio-religious cultural norms of the society.
Improving heavy oil production rates in THAI process using wells configured in a staggered line drive (SLD) instead of in a direct line drive (DLD) configuration: detailed simulation investigations
Authors: Ado Muhammad Rabiu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs governments around the world prepare for a transition period to a decarbonised energy and economic future, petroleum is needed to smoothen that transition. Based on the analysis of the International Energy Agency’s 2020 projections, around 770 billion barrels of oil are required to meet demand from now to 2040. However, according to British Petroleum’s Statistical Review of World Energy 2020, as at the end of 2019, the global total reserves of recoverable conventional and unconventional oils is approximately 1734 billion barrels. Out of that, the conventional easy-to-produce light oil accounts for only 30% (i.e. accounts for only 520.2 billion barrels). Therefore, the remaining 249.8 billion barrels of oil needed to satisfy demand up to 2040 must come from unconventional oils, namely heavy oils and bitumen. However, these unconventional resources are very difficult to produce and the current production methods have very high environmental footprints. Consequently, in accordance with climate crisis mitigations, the vast reserves of the virtually unexploited heavy oils and bitumen must be developed using advanced and greener extraction technologies, such as the yet-to-be-fully-understood THAI process which provides partial upgrading of heavy oil/bitumen via in situ combustion. Using validated numerical models which are developed using the CMG’s reservoir thermal simulator, the STARS, which is also used in this study, field scale reservoir simulations of the THAI process were performed with the wells arranged in staggered line drive (SLD) and direct line drive (DLD). Over the 834 days of operating time, the cumulative oil recovery in SLD is 32% of oil originally in place (OOIP) which is equivalent to 26,100 m3 whilst that in DLD is 27% OOIP. This shows that more oil (i.e. an additional 5% OOIP) was cumulatively recovered in SLD compared to in DLD model. It is found that smaller reservoir volume was swept by the combustion front in DLD and thus making the heat-affected reservoir volume smaller than that in SLD model. Furthermore, in DLD, due to the nearness of the injector well to the toe of the horizontal producer (HP) well, oxygen production began much earlier, compared to in the SLD. It is also found that the temperature of the mobile oil zone is higher in the SLD model compared to that in the DLD model. This implies that higher quality oil is produced when the wells are configured in the SLD pattern. Therefore, this first-of-a-kind work has shown that SLD arrangement is far more efficient, safer, and produces higher quality oil than DLD pattern and that actual process engineering designs should use SLD wells configuration.
Endoscopic decompositions and the Hausel–Thaddeus conjecture
Authors: Maulik Davesh , Shen Junliang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We construct natural operators connecting the cohomology of the moduli spaces of stable Higgs bundles with different ranks and genera which, after numerical specialisation, recover the topological mirror symmetry conjecture of Hausel and Thaddeus concerning

$\mathrm {SL}_n$

- and

$\mathrm {PGL}_n$

-Higgs bundles. This provides a complete description of the cohomology of the moduli space of stable

$\mathrm {SL}_n$

-Higgs bundles in terms of the tautological classes, and gives a new proof of the Hausel–Thaddeus conjecture, which was also proven recently by Gröchenig, Wyss and Ziegler via p-adic integration.
Our method is to relate the decomposition theorem for the Hitchin fibration, using vanishing cycle functors, to the decomposition theorem for the twisted Hitchin fibration, whose supports are simpler.
GENDER EQUALITY AND RELIGIOUS LAW: THE ORDINATION OF WOMEN AS RABBIS IN THE CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT AS A CASE STUDY
Authors: Bloch Emmanuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article explores one tumultuous encounter between a religious legal tradition and the modern principle of equality—an encounter that also has the potential to shed light on a much wider cluster of questions. The author tracks the ways that the responsa written by prominent Conservative rabbis on the subject of female rabbinic ordination and gender equality implicitly (but unambiguously) reflect the push toward increased equality that weighed on the movement's trajectory, showing that the debate about the ordination of female rabbis reveals two principal trends in Conservative legal rulings, which differ in their responses to the challenge of egalitarianism and their visions of the law, and notes two outlier responsa that cannot be neatly classified within either trend. The author then examines the deep-seated historical, ideational, and sociological processes concurrent with the rise of what some have called the egalitarian age, which have produced these diverging responses and visions, and it determines an appropriate framework to understand them. The author shows that the fight for increased gender equality is situated within an intricate social context that imbues it with meaning and shapes its outcomes and modes of expression. In concluding, the author suggests applying the insights gained in the course of the analysis to other circumstances in which gender egalitarianism clashes with religious tradition. The framework by which the ordination of women in the Conservative movement is analyzed also proves useful, mutatis mutandis, in understanding and comparing the responses of other faith communities as they deal with challenges caused by the egalitarian age.
Fossil rodents in Mylodon Cave as indicators of late Pleistocene–Holocene environmental evolution in southern Chile
Authors: Pardiñas Ulyses F.J. , Borrero Luis , Martin Fabiana M. , Massone Mauricio , Fernández Fernando J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe conducted the first taphonomic and paleoenvironmental study based on late Pleistocene–Holocene small mammal remains recovered from the famous Mylodon Cave (Cerro Benítez area, Última Esperanza, Chile). Most of the analyzed material came from the extensive excavations made by Earl Saxon in 1976. We also studied late Holocene small mammal samples of the neighboring rock shelter Dos Herraduras 1. Analyzed remains were mostly produced by owls, probably living inside the caves. In Mylodon Cave, the higher values of girdle bones are consistent with a windblown litter. We recorded nine species of rodents, seven cricetids, and two caviomorphs; almost all the identified taxa integrate recent local communities. Late Pleistocene–Holocene assemblages are characterized by the chinchilla ratEuneomys, indicating unforested areas around the caves under cold and moist climatic conditions. Middle Holocene amelioration is reflected by incremental rodent species richness, including the first record of taxa clearly associated with forest (e.g.,Abrothrix lanosa). Late Holocene assemblages are markedly stable, indicating local conditions similar to the current (historical) environment. Quaternary rodents from Cerro Benítez area do not indicate abrupt environmental changes during middle–late Holocene, but a progressive trend towards forest increase.
Associations between childhood to adulthood socio-economic mobility and adult diet quality
Authors: Wilson Johanna E. , Sugumar Dipti , McNaughton Sarah A. , Gall Seana L. , Dwyer Terence , Venn Alison J. , Smith Kylie J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe impact of change in socio-economic status (SES) from childhood to adulthood (SES mobility) on adult diet is not well understood. This study examined associations between three SES mobility variables (area disadvantage, education, occupation) and adult diet quality. 1482 Australian participants reported childhood area-level SES in 1985 (aged 10–15 years) and retrospectively reported highest parental education and main occupation (until participant age 12) and own area-level SES, education, occupation and dietary intake in 2004–2006 (aged 26–36 years). A Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI) was calculated from food frequency and habit questionnaires. A higher score (range 0–100) indicated better diet quality. Sex-stratified linear regression models adjusted for confounders. Area-level SES mobility was not associated with diet quality. Compared with stable high (university) education, stable low (school only) was associated with lower DGI scores (males: β = –5·5, 95 % CI: −8·9, –2·1; females: β = –6·3, 95 % CI: −9·3, –3·4), as was downward educational mobility (participant’s education lower than their parents) (males: β = –5·3, 95 % CI: −8·5, –2·0; females: β = –4·5, 95 % CI: −7·2, –1·7) and stable intermediate (vocational) education among males (β = –3·9, 95 % CI: −7·0, −0·7). Compared with stable high (professional/managerial) occupation, stable low (manual/out of workforce) males (β = –4·9, 95 % CI: −7·6, –2·2), and participants with downward occupation mobility (males: β = –3·2, 95 % CI: −5·3, –1·1; females: β = –2·8, 95 % CI: −4·8, –0·8) had lower DGI scores. In this cohort, intergenerational low education and occupation, and downward educational and occupational mobility, were associated with poor adult diet quality.
Computing the fundamental group of a higher-rank graph
Authors: Kang Sooran , Pask David , Webster Samuel B.G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe compute a presentation of the fundamental group of a higher-rank graph using a coloured graph description of higher-rank graphs developed by the third author. We compute the fundamental groups of several examples from the literature. Our results fit naturally into the suite of known geometrical results about higher-rank graphs when we show that the abelianization of the fundamental group is the homology group. We end with a calculation which gives a non-standard presentation of the fundamental group of the Klein bottle to the one normally found in the literature.
Concentrated matrix exponential distributions with real eigenvalues
Authors: Mészáros András , Telek Miklós 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConcentrated random variables are frequently used in representing deterministic delays in stochastic models. The squared coefficient of variation ($\mathrm {SCV}$) of the most concentrated phase-type distribution of order $N$ is $1/N$. To further reduce the $\mathrm {SCV}$, concentrated matrix exponential (CME) distributions with complex eigenvalues were investigated recently. It was obtained that the $\mathrm {SCV}$ of an order $N$ CME distribution can be less than $n^{-2.1}$ for odd $N=2n+1$ orders, and the matrix exponential distribution, which exhibits such a low $\mathrm {SCV}$ has complex eigenvalues. In this paper, we consider CME distributions with real eigenvalues (CME-R). We present efficient numerical methods for identifying a CME-R distribution with smallest SCV for a given order $n$. Our investigations show that the $\mathrm {SCV}$ of the most concentrated CME-R of order $N=2n+1$ is less than $n^{-1.85}$. We also discuss how CME-R can be used for numerical inverse Laplace transformation, which is beneficial when the Laplace transform function is impossible to evaluate at complex points.
Cinema, colonialism, and contact zone: the movie theater and city governance in early-twentieth-century Shanghai
Authors: He Qiliang , Tan Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMoving away from the text-centered paradigm in film studies, the present research explores the relationship between the growing popularity of the film in Shanghai during the first two decades of the twentieth century and city governance in the International Settlement. It argues that the rise of movie halls contributed to creating a new kind of crowd that blended Chinese moviegoers with non-Chinese viewers. The emergence of the cinema as a space where people of different racial and ethnic origins encountered impelled the Shanghai Municipal Council – the governing body of the International Settlement in Shanghai – to respond by implementing new measures of public safety and altering its decades-long unspoken rules of segregation in the realm of everyday life. For Chinese enlightenment intellectuals and government officials, meanwhile, anxiety over their fellow Chinese's lack of basic decorum in public spaces arose with the intense intermingling of Chinese and non-Chinese filmgoers under the same roof. Thus, the cinema became a “contact zone” – a space of asymmetrical relations resulting not necessarily from colonists' exercise of colonial power but from the Chinese elite's wrapping of the discussion of movie theater etiquette reform within a political and ideological framework of modernization, patriotism, and anti-imperialism.
Manchukuo voices: re-interpreting a monumental space in Northeast China (1932–1945)
Authors: Dong 董钰婷 Yuting 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article revisits Japan's empire-building in Northeast China through the construction of and reactions to the Daidō hiroba 大同広場 (Plaza of Great Unity) in Shinkyō, showing how Chinese and Japanese challenged the top-down attempt for building a totalitarian empire. These re-interpretations and definitions of Hiroba unveiled the diversity, dynamics, and complexity of Manchukuo society that cannot be fully grasped in a nation-state framework. Moreover, their voices challenged the previous depiction of such imperial monumental space as the physical materialization of imperial governmentality but a contested site where individuals challenged the official vision of Manchukuo. This article examines documents ranging from governmental documents to works of literature in both Chinese and Japanese. Compared to Japanese planners' vision of the Hiroba as a site of governmentality, visitors and local residents held differing interpretations of this space: some Japanese disapproved the attempt to reframe the urban space by a totalitarian regime, and many Chinese redefined the meaning of this “utopian” urban space to accord with their own tradition and everyday life.
Characteristics of Global Ocean Abnormal Mesoscale Eddies Derived From the Fusion of Sea Surface Height and Temperature Data by Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Zheng Quanan , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent satellite sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) observations have shown that abnormal eddies, that is, warm cyclonic eddies and cold anticyclonic eddies occur sporadically in some regions, which triggers an essential question on the spatiotemporal distribution of abnormal eddies in the global ocean. In this study, a deep learning framework was developed to systematically mine information from the synergy of satellite‐sensed global SSH and SST data over the 1996–2015, 20‐year period. Abnormal eddies account for a surprising one‐third of total eddies and are active along the Equatorial Current and high unstable currents. Normal (abnormal) eddies are stronger in winter (summer) in the North Hemisphere and vice versa in the Southern Hemisphere. The annual mean amplitudes of normal eddies are larger than that of abnormal eddies. Crucially, the daily number of normal (abnormal) eddies increased (decreased) 9.68 (11.80) every year.
Decompaction Weakening as a Mechanism of Fluid Focusing in Hydrothermal Systems
Authors: Utkin Ivan , Afanasyev Andrey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a mathematical model of nonreactive fluid flow in a compacting porous medium. The model differs from previous formulations by considering fluid transport in the frame of reference moving with the solid phase. Such an approach guarantees material balance for the fluid and solid phases not only in the small‐porosity limit but also for large values of porosity. Using the numerical implementation of the proposed model, we simulate magmatic fluid transport in the Earth's upper crust. We account for the thermal softening of rocks, the plastic deformation of the solid matrix through decompaction weakening, and realistic fluid properties in a wide range of depths, including those above and below the brittle‐ductile transition (BDT). We show that our simulation approach can resolve the localized flow in the ductile zone and numerous hydrothermal convection cells in the brittle zone. We investigate the influence of decompaction weakening on high‐porosity channels forming in the ductile zone and their interaction with the convection in the brittle zone. We show that compaction causes magmatic fluid focusing and accumulation in high‐porosity lenses beneath the low‐porosity BDT zone. We show that magmatic fluid transfer through the BDT occurs mainly through the roofs of the lenses, which results in a plume of hydrothermal convection always sitting atop every lens. Other plumes between the lenses are associated with the convection of meteoric water that transfers only heat from the BDT to the surface. The simulations indicate that the lenses can be tracked by measuring certain parameters at the surface.
Variations in Hard‐Bedded Topography Beneath Glaciers
Authors: Woodard J. B. , Zoet L. K. , Iverson N. R. , Helanow C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe morphology of glacier beds is a first‐order control on their slip speeds and consequent rates of subglacial erosion. As such, constraining the range of bed shapes expected beneath glaciers will improve estimates of glacier slip speeds. To estimate the variability of subglacial bed morphology, we construct 10 high‐resolution (10 cm) digital elevation models of proglacial areas near current glacier margins from point clouds produced through a combination of terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry techniques. The proglacial areas are located in the Swiss Alps and the Canadian Rockies and consist of predominantly debris‐free bedrock of variable lithology (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic). We measure eight different spatial parameters intended to describe bed morphologies generated beneath glaciers. Using probability density functions, Bhattacharyya coefficients, principal component analysis, and Bayesian statistical models we investigate the significance of these spatial parameters. We find that the parameters span similar ranges, but the means and standard deviations of the parameter probability density functions are commonly distinct. These results indicate that glacier flow over bedrock may lead to a convergence toward a common bed morphology. However, distinct properties associated with each location prevent morphologies from being uniform.
Intraspecific variation in metal tolerance modulate competition between two marine diatoms
Authors: Andersson Björn , Godhe Anna , Filipsson Helena L , Zetterholm Linda , Edler Lars , Berglund Olof , Rengefors Karin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Despite widespread metal pollution of coastal ecosystems, little is known of its effect on marine phytoplankton. We designed a co-cultivation experiment to test if toxic dose–response relationships can be used to predict the competitive outcome of two species under metal stress. Specifically, we took into account intraspecific strain variation and selection. We used 72 h dose–response relationships to model how silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) affect both intraspecific strain selection and competition between taxa in two marine diatoms (Skeletonema marinoi and Thalassiosira baltica). The models were validated against 10-day co-culture experiments, using four strains per species. In the control treatment, we could predict the outcome using strain-specific growth rates, suggesting low levels of competitive interactions between the species. Our models correctly predicted which species would gain a competitive advantage under toxic stress. However, the absolute inhibition levels were confounded by the development of chronic toxic stress, resulting in a higher long-term inhibition by Cd and Cu. We failed to detect species differences in average Cu tolerance, but the model accounting for strain selection accurately predicted a competitive advantage for T. baltica. Our findings demonstrate the importance of incorporating multiple strains when determining traits and when performing microbial competition experiments.
OCT4 cooperates with distinct ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers in naïve and primed pluripotent states in human
Authors: Huang Xin , Park Kyoung-mi , Gontarz Paul , Zhang Bo , Pan Joshua , McKenzie Zachary , Fischer Laura A. , Dong Chen , Dietmann Sabine , Xing Xiaoyun , Shliaha Pavel V. , Yang Jihong , Li Dan , Ding Junjun , Lungjangwa Tenzin , Mitalipova Maya , Khan Shafqat A. , Imsoonthornruksa Sumeth , Jensen Nick , Wang Ting , Kadoch Cigall , Jaenisch Rudolf , Wang Jianlong , Theunissen Thorold W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular underpinnings of pluripotency is a prerequisite for optimal maintenance and application of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). While the protein-protein interactions of core pluripotency factors have been identified in mouse ESCs, their interactome in human ESCs (hESCs) has not to date been explored. Here we mapped the OCT4 interactomes in naïve and primed hESCs, revealing extensive connections to mammalian ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complexes. In naïve hESCs, OCT4 is associated with both BRG1 and BRM, the two paralog ATPases of the BAF complex. Genome-wide location analyses and genetic studies reveal that these two enzymes cooperate in a functionally redundant manner in the transcriptional regulation of blastocyst-specific genes. In contrast, in primed hESCs, OCT4 cooperates with BRG1 and SOX2 to promote chromatin accessibility at ectodermal genes. This work reveals how a common transcription factor utilizes differential BAF complexes to control distinct transcriptional programs in naïve and primed hESCs.
PTENα functions as an immune suppressor and promotes immune resistance in PTEN-mutant cancer
Authors: Sun Yizhe , Lu Dan , Yin Yue , Song Jia , Liu Yang , Hao Wenyan , Qi Fang , Zhang Guangze , Zhang Xin , Liu Liang , Lin Zhiqiang , Liang Hui , Zhao Xuyang , Jin Yan , Yin Yuxin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPTENis frequently mutated in human cancers andPTENmutants promote tumor progression and metastasis.PTENmutations have been implicated in immune regulation, however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we report that PTENα, the isoform of PTEN, remains active in cancer bearing stop-gainedPTENmutations. Through counteraction of CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, PTENα leads to T cell dysfunction and accelerates immune-resistant cancer progression. Clinical analysis further uncovers that PTENα-active mutations suppress host immune responses and result in poor prognosis in cancer as relative to PTENα-inactive mutations. Furthermore, germline deletion ofPtenαin mice increases cell susceptibility to immune attack through augmenting stress granule formation and limiting synthesis of peroxidases, leading to massive oxidative cell death and severe inflammatory damage. We propose that PTENα protects tumor from T cell killing and thus PTENα is a potential target in antitumor immunotherapy.