bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infectious risk of vedolizumab compared with other biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Innocenti Tommaso , Roselli Jenny , Lynch Erica N. , Apolito Pasquale , Parisio Laura , Bagnoli Siro , Macrì Giuseppe , Rogai Francesca , Tarocchi Mirko , Milani Stefano , Galli Andrea , Milla Monica , Dragoni Gabriele 
Published: May 2021

Background and aims
Vedolizumab is a gut-selective anti-integrin (α4β7) antibody for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with a well-known optimal safety profile. We aimed to compare its risk of infections with that of anti-TNF drugs and ustekinumab in patients with both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

Methods
All Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients undergoing biological treatment at our centre between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively included. All infectious complications were registered, considering both inpatient and outpatient events. A comparison of the exposure-adjusted infection rates of vedolizumab, anti-TNF drugs and ustekinumab was carried out, with a specific focus on the rate of gut infections. All infection rates were expressed in events per patient-years (PYs).

Results
The overall exposure-adjusted infection rate was 11.5/100 PYs. The most common infections were respiratory tract infections, cutaneous infections, HSV infections/reactivations and gut infections. The rate of serious infections was 1.3/100 PYs. The infection rate of vedolizumab was 17.5/100 PYs, with Crohn’s disease patients having a lower infection risk compared with ulcerative colitis patients (P = 0.035). Gut infections were observed in 3.0% of the whole patient population (1.5/100 PYs) and were more common in the vedolizumab group (P = 0.0001).

Conclusions
Our study confirms the good safety profile of vedolizumab. Among patients treated with vedolizumab, those with ulcerative colitis have a higher risk of developing infectious complications. Patients treated with vedolizumab have a higher risk of gut infections compared with patients treated with anti-TNF drugs or ustekinumab. Presumably, this is due to the gut-selective mechanism of action of vedolizumab.
Work productivity loss is determined by fatigue and reduced quality of life in employed inflammatory bowel disease patients: a prospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: van Gennep Sara , Gielen Marieke E. , Rietdijk Svend T. , de Boer Nanne K.H. , Duijvestein Marjolijn , Gecse Krisztina B. , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. , D’Haens Geert R. , de Boer Angela G.E.M. , Löwenberg Mark 
Published: May 2021

Objective
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients experience problems at work resulting in work productivity loss driving indirect healthcare costs. We aimed to find determinants for work productivity loss in employed IBD patients while correcting for disease severity according to prior and active maintenance treatment.

Methods
In this longitudinal multicentre cohort study, 510 employed IBD patients completed online questionnaires during 18 months follow-up. Work productivity, fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQL) were measured using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (score 20–100) and Short-Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (score 10–70). Linear mixed model analyses including random, repeated and fixed effects were performed.

Results
Fatigue (β 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12–0.32) and reduced HRQL (β −1.15; 95% CI, −1.35 to −0.95) were the strongest determinants for work productivity loss in employed IBD patients. Clinical disease activity (β 9.50, 95% CI 6.48–12.51) and corticosteroid use (β 10.09, 95% CI 5.25–15.84) were associated with work productivity loss in the total IBD group and ulcerative colitis subgroup, but not in Crohn’s disease patients. History of IBD-related surgery (β 9.41; 95% CI, 2.62–16.20) and vedolizumab use (β 12.74; 95% CI, 3.63–21.86) were significantly associated with work productivity loss in the ulcerative colitis subgroup.

Conclusions
Fatigue and reduced HRQL were the strongest determinants for work productivity loss in employed IBD patients while correcting for disease severity and activity. These results underline the importance of monitoring fatigue and HRQL in routine care to reduce work productivity loss and indirect costs.
A simple nomogram identifies patients with refractory ascites with worse outcome after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Aicart-Ramos Marta , Ibáñez-Samaniego Luis , Hernández-Gea Virginia , Martínez-Lozano Helena , Rodríguez-de-Santiago Enrique , Catalina María-Vega , Martínez González Javier , Echenagusia-Boyra Miguel-Jesús , Mezzano Puentes Gabriel , Ferrusquía-Acosta José , Olavarría Andreína , Blázquez Sánchez Javier , García-Pagán Juan Carlos , Bañares Rafael , Albillos Agustín 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is increasingly used in the management of refractory ascites. Controversy exists regarding the predictive factors of unfavorable outcomes, useful for patient selection. The primary aim was to identify predictive factors of 1-year survival or recurrent severe hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis undergoing covered TIPS for refractory ascites. The secondary aim was overall survival.

Methods
Observational, retrospective, multicentric study, that included all cirrhotic patients treated with covered-TIPS for refractory ascites since 2001. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and hemodynamic data were collected at baseline and consecutively until dead, liver transplant or end of follow-up. The Cox model was used to identify predictive factors of overall survival. A Fine–Gray competing risk regression model was used to identify predictive factors of 1-year mortality or recurrent hepatic encephalopathy. A predictive nomogram was created based on those factors.

Results
In total 159 patients were included. Predictive factors of survival or recurrent severe encephalopathy were renal dysfunction [hazard ratio, 2.12 (95% CI, 1.11–4.04); P = 0.022], albumin [hazard ratio, 0.58 (95% CI, 0.34–0.97); P = 0.036], serum sodium [hazard ratio, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89–0.98); P = 0.008] and international normalized ratio [hazard ratio 4.27 (95% CI, 1.41–12.88); P = 0.010]. In the competing risk analysis, predictive factors of 1-year mortality/recurrent severe encephalopathy in multivariate analysis were age [sub-distribution hazard ratio (sHR) 1.05 (95% CI, 1.02–1.09); P = 0.001], creatinine [sHR 1.55 (95% CI, 1.23–1.96); P = 0.001] and serum sodium [sHR 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90–0.99); P = 0.011] at baseline.

Conclusions
Age, creatinine and sodium baseline levels strongly influence 1-year survival/recurrent severe hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis undergoing covered TIPS for refractory ascites. A simple nomogram accurately and easily identifies those patients with worse prognosis.
Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antibody among adults with latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Hubbard Ashley , Hirode Grishma , Chitnis Amit , Wong Robert 
Published: May 2021

Objective
To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive or hepatitis B core antibody total (anti-HBc) among adults with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in the USA.

Methods
Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2000 and 2011–2012 cycles, US adults with LTBI (identified by positive tuberculin skin test or positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test) were evaluated to determine prevalence HBsAg and anti-HBc. Survey-weighted data was used to determine prevalence estimates of HBsAg or anti-HBc, which were further stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, country of birth and age. Trends were analyzed by regressing the outcome over time. Between-group comparisons used chi-squared testing.

Results
Overall prevalence of LTBI was 4.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.5–5.1]. Among individuals with LTBI, HBsAg prevalence was 0.9% (95% CI, 0.4–2.1) and anti-HBc prevalence was 12.9% (95% CI, 9.8–16.8), both of which remained stable between 1999–2000 and 2011–2012. While no significant differences in HBsAg prevalence were observed by sex, race/ethnicity, country of birth, age, anti-HBc prevalence was significantly higher in men vs. women (16.8 vs. 7.9%, P < 0.05), blacks vs. non-Hispanic whites (22.9 vs. 5.9%, P < 0.05), non-US born vs. US-born (15.9 vs. 7.2%, P = 0.01) and highest in the oldest age group (age ≥65 years: 17.5%, 95% CI, 10.5–27.8).

Conclusion
Among US adults with LTBI, overall prevalence of HBsAg was 0.9%. One in eight individuals with LTBI had prior HBV exposure. Effective HBV screening among individuals with LTBI may allow changes in clinical practice to prevent drug-induced liver injury from anti-TB therapies.
The role of mean platelet volume in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without cardiovascular comorbidities, obesity and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tuzer Can , Sertbas Yasar , Duman Emrah , Komoglu Sabiha , Kan Omer , Ay Seval , Yigit Abdurrahman , Sertbas Meltem , Okuroglu Nalan , Ozen Birgul , Dalbeler Aysegul , Ozdemir Ali 
Published: May 2021

Background
While the relation of mean platelet volume (MPV) with inflammatory diseases is obvious, its role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without cardiovascular comorbidities, obesity and diabetes mellitus is not clear.

Methods
A total of 249 patients (nonobese, nondiabetic and not having cardiac diseases) who underwent an abdominal ultrasonography assessment were enrolled. They were divided according to the absence (group 1) or presence (group 2) of hepatic steatosis. The patients with steatosis were further divided according to the severity of steatosis as group 2a (grade 1), 2b (grade 2) and 2c (grade 3). The demographic and laboratory features were compared between groups.

Results
Hepatic steatosis was absent in 120 patients and detected in 129 patients (grade 1, 2, 3 hepatic steatosis in 75, 49 and 5 patients, respectively). BMI, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio and serum AST, ALT, triglyceride levels were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.005, P < 0.001, respectively). BMI, serum AST and triglyceride levels were significant factors for NAFLD (P < 0.001, P = 0.018, P = 0.001). MPV was neither different between groups (P > 0.05) nor a predictor factor for NAFLD (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
MPV is a useless parameter to detect NAFLD without cardiovascular comorbidities, obesity and diabetes mellitus.
Production of copper-64 using a hospital cyclotron: targetry, purification and quality analysis
Authors: Jauregui-Osoro Maite , De Robertis Simona , Halsted Philip , Gould Sarah-May , Yu Zilin , Paul Rowena L , Marsden Paul K , Gee Antony D , Fenwick Andrew , Blower Philip J. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
To construct and evaluate a 64Cu production system that minimises the amount of costly 64Ni, radionuclidic impurities and nonradioactive metal contamination and maximises radiochemical and radionuclidic purity and molar activity; and to report analytical and quality control methods that can be used within typical PET radiochemistry production facilities to measure metal ion concentrations and radiometal molar activities.

Methods
Low volume was ensured by dissolving the irradiated nickel in a low volume of hydrochloric acid (<1 mL) using the concave gold target backing as a reaction vessel in a custom-built target holder. Removal of contaminating 55Co and nonradioactive trace metals was ensured by adding an intermediate hydrochloric acid concentration step during the conventional ion-exchange elution process. The radionuclidic purity of the product was determined by half-life measurements, gamma spectroscopy and ion radiochromatography. Trace metal contamination and molar activity were determined by ion chromatography.

Results and conclusions
On a small scale, suitable for preclinical research, the process produced typically 3.2 GBq 64Cu in 2 mL solution from 9.4 ± 2.1 mg nickel-64 electroplated onto a gold target backing. The product had high molar activity (121.5 GBq/µmol), was free of trace metal contamination detectable by ion chromatography and has been used for many preclinical and clinical PET imaging applications.
Peptide-based 68Ga-PET radiotracer for imaging CD133 expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Yu , Yao Xiaobo , Wang Changxin , Wang Minrui , Wang Ying , Ye Mingshan , Liu Ying 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
CD133 is a demonstrated cancer stem cell marker. A small peptide LS7, screened by a phage display technique, was identified to specifically target CD133. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel and specific peptide-based PET imaging agent for CD133 imaging in colorectal cancer.

Methods:
The peptide LS7 was conjugated with 1,4,7,20-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and radiolabeled with 68Ga. The cellular uptake was assessed in vitro. In vivo small-animal PET/CT and ex vivo biodistribution evaluations were performed in mice bearing CD133-positive HCT116 and Lovo cell-derived tumors as well as CD133-negative DLD1 cell-derived tumors. Nonspecific uptake of the tracer in HCT116 cell-derived tumor cells and tumor models was determined by coincubation or coinjection with an excess of unlabeled DOTA-LS7 along with radiolabeled tracers.

Results:

68Ga-DOTA-LS7 was produced with 80.0% yield and the radiochemical purity was greater than 95.0%. In vitro, 68Ga-DOTA-LS7 was selectively taken up by HCT116 and Lovo cells but not by DLD1 cells. Small-animal PET/CT clearly revealed deposition of 68Ga-DOTA-LS7 in HCT116 and Lovo cell-derived tumors with excellent contrast. Biodistribution demonstrated that the tumor uptakes were 2.24 ± 0.16, 1.76 ± 0.42, and 0.69 ± 0.28% ID/g in HCT116, Lovo and DLD1 cell-derived tumors, respectively, at 90 min post-injection. Uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-LS7 in HCT116 tumors was significantly inhibited by coinjection of excess DOTA-LS7.

Conclusion:
Rapid tumor CD133 detection and selectivity were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo with PET using the specific CD133 binding peptide 68Ga-DOTA-LS7. A robust correlation was detected in vivo between tumor signals from mouse xenograft models with different cell lines and CD133 expression. The favorable characteristics of 68Ga-DOTA-LS7, such as convenient synthesis and specific uptake, warrant its further investigation for CD133 expression imaging.
Self-Injury Is My Drug
Authors: Pritchard Tyler R. , Fedchenko Chelsey A. , Lewis Stephen P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Adolescents and emerging adults who engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) often participate in online activity regarding their self-injury. Of particular importance are the potential benefits and risks associated with online NSSI activity, including how individuals describe their NSSI experiences. One way that individuals describe these experiences is by discussing NSSI as an addiction. Accordingly, we used thematic analysis to explore why individuals may use addiction references to describe their NSSI experiences. To do this, we examined 71 posts from a popular NSSI social network. Four themes emerged: difficulty inherent in stopping, authentication, warn others, and communicate the plight of the behavior. Findings highlight a number of avenues for research as well as implications for clinicians working with clients who self-injure perceive NSSI as an addiction. Mental health professionals can leverage their understanding of clients' perceptions of NSSI to better serve this population.
The Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Symptoms in Iraqi Refugees
Authors: Yamin Jolin B. , Sudan Sukhesh , Lumley Mark A. , Dhalimi Abir , Arnetz Judith E. , Stemmer Paul M. , Burghardt Paul R. , Jamil Hikmet , Arnetz Bengt B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Refugees experience distress from premigration trauma, often exacerbated by postmigration difficulties. To develop effective interventions, risk factors for mental health symptoms need to be determined. Male Iraqi refugees (N = 53) to the United States provided background information and reported predisplacement trauma and psychological health within 1 month of their arrival. An inflammatory biomarker—C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed approximately 1.5 years after arrival, and a contextual factor—acculturation—and psychological health were assessed 2 years after arrival. We tested whether acculturation and CRP were associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms at the 2-year follow-up, controlling for baseline symptoms, age, body mass index, and predisplacement trauma. Acculturation was inversely related to depression, and CRP was positively related to both PTSD and depression at the 2-year follow-up. Interventions targeting acculturation could help reduce the development of depression symptoms in refugees. The role of CRP in the development of PTSD and depression symptoms warrants further research.
Analysis of Content Gaps in Prelicensure Nursing Textbooks to Meet Veteran Care Competencies
Authors: Chargualaf Katie A. , Patterson Barbara , Elliott Brenda 
Published: May 2021

Background
Despite the Joining Forces initiative and recently published veteran care competencies, nursing students and graduates are often unprepared to care for veterans who have unique service-connected illnesses and injuries.

Purpose
The purpose was to evaluate identified content gaps in prelicensure nursing textbooks with the veteran care competencies knowledge, skills, and attitude (KSA) domains.

Methods
A secondary qualitative analysis was conducted of veteran content in prelicensure nursing textbooks.

Results
The skills and attitude domains of veteran care competencies were poorly addressed in nursing textbooks. Overall, the knowledge domain was adequately covered; however, most had limited connection with veterans and veteran care. Competency-focused recommendations for expanding and enhancing veteran content, KSAs, and teaching strategies are offered.

Conclusions
Prelicensure textbooks met the knowledge domain for each veteran competency. Overcoming content gaps needed to achieve requisite skills and attitudes requires interaction with veterans through clinical immersion experiences in various care settings.
Use of Exam Wrapper Metacognitive Strategy to Promote Student Self-assessment of Learning
Authors: Sethares Kristen A. , Asselin Marilyn E. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Metacognitive knowledge and regulation are critical to nursing students who must apply knowledge to rapidly changing and complex conditions. Exam wrappers assist learners to consider past study habits with the goal of improving future exam preparation. However, little is known about use of exam wrappers in nursing education.

Purpose
The purpose of this integrative review was to describe the disciplines, populations, courses, specific strategies, and outcomes of the exam wrapper strategy.

Methods
A systematic literature search of peer-reviewed publications was completed in any discipline using exam wrappers.

Results
Ten academic disciplines of primarily introductory students completed exam wrappers with positive effects on course and exam grades, as well as metacognition, and noted changes in future study habits.

Conclusions
The exam wrapper strategy has been successfully implemented with improvements in course and exam grades, levels of metacognition, and changes in future study habits.
Script Concordance Approach in Nursing Education
Authors: Deschênes Marie-France , Létourneau Dimitri , Goudreau Johanne 
Published: May 2021

Background
The script concordance approach aims at triggering judgments in simulated contexts of uncertainty.

Problem
Nursing students need to be prepared to manage the uncertainty of clinical practice.

Approach
The purpose of this article is to describe the theoretical foundation and the pedagogical use of the script concordance approach, as well as to present the current state of nursing evidence on the subject. The script concordance approach includes (1) script concordance testing, which is a quantitative examination that evaluates clinical reasoning; (2) a face-to-face script concordance activity; and (3) a digital educational strategy based on script concordance delivered via an online teaching/learning platform that aims to support clinical reasoning development.

Conclusions
Relying on questioning and experts' modeling, the script concordance offers an innovative pedagogical approach that approximates the uncertainty of clinical practice.
Promoting Inclusion of Disabled Nursing Faculty
Authors: Hassouneh Dena , Mood Laura 
Published: May 2021

Background
Disabled nursing faculty make important contributions, yet little information is available about this group.

Problem
Although information specifically about disabled nursing faculty is limited, available evidence and related literature point to a need for disability inclusive policy and practice in nursing academe.

Approach
The authors gathered available information to inform development of 10 recommendations for change using universal design as a guiding framework. Universal design is development of an environment usable by all people to the greatest extent possible.

Outcomes
The article includes 10 recommendations to promote inclusion of disabled faculty in nursing academe. Although disabled faculty are the focus, these recommendations have the potential to benefit all faculty.

Conclusions
Implementing the recommendations may be challenging and will look different across schools. Nevertheless, such change is necessary to counteract exclusionary practices that impact disabled nursing faculty and promote inclusion of this important and underrepresented group.
Intrawound Liposomal Bupivacaine in Pediatric Chiari Decompression: A Retrospective Study
Authors: LoPresti Melissa A. , Harrell B. Nathan , Goethe Eric , McClugage Samuel , Wyatt Karla , Lam Sandi K. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Intrawound liposomal bupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic used to decrease postoperative pain in various procedures. Although it is used in posterior cervical and suboccipital approaches in the adult population, it is currently off-label for pediatrics. This quality improvement (QI) project examines intrawound liposomal bupivacaine for pediatric Chiari decompression and evaluates its role in postoperative opioid consumption.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed all patients 0–18 years old of age who underwent Chiari decompression from January 2017 to July 2019 at our tertiary care hospital. Demographic and clinical data regarding postoperative opioid use, subjective and objective pain control, length of stay, discharge medications, and comorbid conditions were collected.

Results:
We included 30 patients in this study: 19 females and 11 males. Of these, 6 received an intrawound injection of liposomal bupivacaine.

Patients
treated with liposomal bupivacaine require fewer opioids while admitted. There was no apparent difference in pain control immediately postoperatively, pain control at clinical follow-up, or inpatient length of stay between each group. Patients who received liposomal bupivacaine did not require opioid analgesics at the time of discharge from the hospital.

Conclusion:
The use of intrawound liposomal bupivacaine may decrease inpatient and outpatient postoperative opioid consumption amongst pediatric patients following Chiari decompression while providing adequate pain control. We investigate liposomal bupivacaine perioperative blockade in this QI project as a viable option for opioid-sparing pain control in the postoperative setting for the pediatric population. Future investigation via clinical trials and more extensive prospective studies may glean further insights into efficacy.