bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of a patient-reported-outcome measure of carcinoid syndrome symptoms
Authors: Maurel Juliette , Guimbaud Rosine , Lecomte Thierry , Lièvre Astrid , Hautefeuille Vincent , Robinson Philip , Francois Laurent , Lombard-Bohas Catherine , Forestier Julien , Milot Laurent , Subtil Fabien , Walter Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Objective
Literature on patient-reported outcomes (PRO) of carcinoid syndrome symptoms (CSS) is scarce. We used a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to evaluate CSS, the domains of daily life impacted by CSS, the main symptoms that affect daily life, its change according to clinical, biological and morphological evolution, and the risk factors for a poor PRO-CSS score.

Methods
Patients completed the PRO-CSS, EORTC-QLQ30, and GI-NET21 questionnaires at the time of their clinical, laboratory, and morphological assessments in a multicentre French cohort study from February 2019 to May 2020.

Results
In total, 147 patients with metastatic ileal (n =126), lung (n =20), or unknown primitive neuroendocrine tumour but high 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid level (n =1) were included; 42 (32%) received an above-label dose of somatostatin analogues. Fifty-one (35%) patients had a poor PRO-CSS score. Travelling and food restriction were the two main domains affected. Diarrhoea (mean: 2.3/5 on Likert scale), imperiousness (mean of 2.5/5), fatigue (2.2/5), abdominal pain (1.7/5), and flushing episodes (1.5/5) were the main symptoms affecting daily life. The PRO-CSS score was not correlated to the clinical assessment performed by physicians at the baseline and during the follow-up. Patients with a poor PRO-CSS score had a higher tumour burden.

Conclusions
PROM-CSS may help physicians make an objective assessment of CSS and its impact in daily practice; this tool could become a key evaluation criterion in clinical trials focusing on CSS.
The effects of playing the COSMA cognitive games in dementia
Authors: Bojan Kartheka , Stavropoulos Thanos G. , Lazarou Ioulietta , Nikolopoulos Spiros , Kompatsiaris Ioannis , Tsolaki Magda , Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta , Christogianni Aikaterini 
Published: March 2021

Brain Training games are increasingly gaining attention as a non-pharmacological intervention to promote well-being and quality of life in people living with dementia. Herein we present the COSMA software and a pilot study to evaluate its impact on the emotions of people in the spectrum of dementia. The software was created in accordance to the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines as a ‘brain-stimulating’ software for use by people with cognitive impairment i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia. The pilot study aims to investigate whether the current COSMA game designs have an impact on emotions in people with MCI and early dementia. The emotional evaluation before and after playing COSMA games was carried out using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Our findings demonstrated a small, but significant increase in positive emotions (MCI: p= 0.041; early dementia: p= 0.042) and decrease in negative emotions (MCI: p= 0.001; early dementia: p< 0.001). These preliminary results showed that people with MCI and early dementia experienced positive emotions while playing the COSMA games, suggesting that people with cognitive impairment may benefit from using the COSMA software regularly.
Software Testing Methodologies: A Information Review
Authors: Prof. Prashant Keswani Prof. Sapana Desai, 
Published: March 2021

In today’s Complex era, the need for simplest software application has increased massively. The quality of such a handy application along with adequate testing is the biggest challenge one can face. Software Testing is an integral part of any software development which has to be followed right from the sapling phase of development. This paper focuses on testing methodologies which are used prior along with testing techniques for quality assurance and best of the quality.
Prefabricated Zirconia Crowns – A Solution to Treat Hypomineralized Permanent Molars: Report of a Case
Authors: Casián-Adem Jorge , Cobos Lizette , Waggoner William F , Fuks Anna B 
Published: March 2021

The presence of carious lesions in children associated with developmental defects of enamel is frequently observed. Restoring these affected teeth can be a challenge for the clinician. Teeth with enamel defects may have poor or limited resin adhesion and some may require repeated restoration. Prefabricated zirconia permanent molar crowns were recently introduced as an option for restoring severely decayed and broken down young permanent molars. These new restorations offer an efficient, esthetic, and economic option to restore severely broken down carious permanent molars that may be associated with enamel defects in partially or fully erupted molars.
A clinical case of a 13-year-old female patient is presented. She had a mandibular second permanent molar that demonstrated significant caries and loss of much of the clinical crown, which was treated with a vital pulpotomy and restored with a prefabricated zirconia crown.
Rapid Damage Scenario Assessment for Earthquake Emergency Management
Authors: Poggi Valerio , Scaini Chiara , Moratto Luca , Peressi Gabriele , Comelli Paolo , Bragato Pier Luigi , Parolai Stefano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rapid availability of reliable damage statistics, after the occurrence of a major earthquake, is an essential mitigation strategy to drive and support emergency intervention operations. Unfortunately, the latency in collecting and organizing actual damage information has a substantial impact on the efficiency of the initial phases of the intervention framework. To speedup preliminary management operations, a quick, although, coarse prediction of the expected damage is highly desirable.For this purpose, we have developed a system for rapid damage estimation. The system, presently implemented for the Friuli Venezia Giulia region, relies on the existing seismological monitoring infrastructure of the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS), which is responsible for delivering earthquake alerts in northeastern Italy.In case of a major earthquake event, the predicted damage is automatically computed using the OpenQuake software engine by means of ad hoc structural exposure and fragility models developed for the region. Damage calculations rely on a combination of actual observed ground motion from the stations of the OGS seismological network and empirical prediction using the ShakeMaps software developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The resulting damage scenario, aggregated at municipality level, is finally delivered to the control room of the regional civil protection in support of early intervention activities.Although, the system is presently still under active development, a number of experimental trials have confirmed the reliability and the usefulness of the proposed approach. We are confident that the current research will contribute in mitigating the impact of possible future damaging earthquakes by (1) guiding targeted postevent emergency interventions, (2) increasing the preparedness and response capacity of emergency teams and population through preparatory training activities, and (3) supporting the decision-making process during the recovery phase, hence enhancing resilience.
DETERMINANTS OF PROFITABILITY: A CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Farooq Mohammad , Khan Shiraz , Atique Siddiqui Atif , Tariq Khan Muhammad , Kamran Khan Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study: This study aims to investigate the impact of bank-specific and macro-economic factors on commercial banks profitability in Pakistan.
Methodology: This study uses both internal and external factors as independent variables. Internal factors are inclusive of capital adequacy, operational efficiency, deposit ratio, liquidity, leverage, number of branches, and bank size, while external indicators are pertaining to GDP, rate of inflation, interest rate, and rate of foreign exchange. Return on assets, return on equity, and net interest margin is employed as proxies for measuring profitability. Balanced panel data of 25 commercial banks over a period ranging from 2009 to 2018 is analyzed through descriptive statistics and fixed effects regression model.
Main Findings: The empirical findings revealed that among internal factors, capital adequacy ratio, deposit ratio, leverage ratio, liquidity ratio, and bank size significantly affect the return on asset, while in the case of macro-economic factors, inflation rate, exchange rate, and GDP have a significant impact on return on asset. On the other hand, return on equity is significantly affected by deposit ratio, leverage ratio, and operational efficiency, whereas among macro-economic factors, only the inflation rate had a significant effect on return on equity. Furthermore, in the case of net interest margin, among internal factors, capital adequacy ratio, deposit ratio, bank size, and the number of branches have a significant impact on net interest margin, whereas, among macro-economic factors, interest rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate significantly affected net interest margin.
Applications of this study: This study has greater importance for government, bank managers, investors, academicians, and scholars.
Originality/Novelty: In this study, the number of branches is taken as a novel factor in Pakistan's case and bridges the gap in the banking literature of Pakistan.
Anthropometric Profile and Nutritional Status in Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Erbesler Zeynel Abidin , Ulcay Tufan 
Published: March 2021

Background: Various screening tools are used to identify elderly individuals who are malnourished or at risk for malnutrition based on their nutritional status. Anthropometric measurements are important indicators of an individual’s nutritional status. In this study, we aimed to establish anthropometric standards for the Turkish elderly population and to investigate any significant relationship between anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status.
Materials and Methods: Age, sex, weight, height, waist-to-hipratio (WHR) and body massindex (BMI) were recorded. We also administered the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and a hand grip test.
Results: In our study, 72% of males and 84% of females were in the overweight group, 24% of males and 16% of females were in the normal weight group, and only 4% of males were in theweak group. For males, 76% were not at risk for malnutrition, 20% were at risk, and 4% were determined to have malnutrition. For females, 68% were not at risk for malnutrition, and 32% were at risk. There were no females who had malnutrition. With regard to muscle strength, 80% of males and 92% of females did not have sufficient strength. Weight, grip strength and WHR were significantly related to MNA (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: We provided sex-specific distributions for many anthropometric measurements for the elderly which can be used as reference values for the Turkish elderly population to identify individuals at greater risk for nutritional disorders.
The asymmetrical bank-client relationship Case of Algerian public banks
Authors: SENOUCI Kouider , MERAD Mohammed Djamil 
Published: March 2021

Asymmetric information remains one of the most crucial problems in finance, though many works have been produced since the first writings of Akerloff, Spence and Stiglitz and many others. The inequality of getting information causes many problems to entreprises, because the responsible needs all information to solve these problems and decides what solution should fulfil the purpose in vew. In this context, the information and communication technologies (ICT) play a dominant role for the spreading of information to different users and researchers. The present work is articulated around two main parts. The first deals with the theoretical aspects of asymmetric information. The second is an empirical approach realised using a sample of questions in Algerian public Banks. All the questions deal with the impact of asymmetric information on the banking activity.
Domestic child abuse and family realm in Albania
Authors: Dini Elona , Mersini Kujtim 
Published: March 2021

This paper brings new insights and further examines the data obtained from the National Survey of Domestic Violence, which is the most comprehensive source on the prevalence of violence against children in Albania.
The aim here is not to duplicate or overlap with the results of the survey but to enshrine subtle elements that characterize the violence against children. The analyses are focused to critically examine the frequency and characteristics of physical violence against children. This includes the calculation of many comparisons between the occurrence of violence and predisposing factors. From the statistical analysis results, it can be seen, that the number of respondents who nominated their respective mothers as offenders represent 70% of the total valid sample followed by their fathers and brothers/sisters with 46% and 38% respectively. It appears that the most frequent and sadly culturally accepted method of physical violence against children is slapping and knuckle beating which resulted in 89% of cases followed by hair tear and pushes by 60%, meanwhile other more extreme forms of violence occur to a lower rate ranging from 0.6% up to 20%. Interestingly the violence against children is predominantly high in Elbasan and Gjirokastra regions with an outstanding prevalence of 91% and 88% respectively. These scientific facts replace the old misconceptions that the domestic violence is more widespread in northern areas of Albania. The research findings reported here are critical to inform our efforts to protect children from children’s exposure to violence.
El inconcluso régimen legal de las mutuas de seguros y la paulatina desmutualización del sector asegurador español
Authors: Vargas Vasserot Carlos 
Published: March 2021

Las mutuas de seguros constituyen una forma especial de explotar la actividad aseguradora caracterizada por su naturaleza eminentemente mutualista frente a las entidades aseguradoras con forma de sociedades anónimas en las que predomina el interés lucrativo de la entidad. Sin embargo, paulatinamente se han ido equiparando las exigencias económicas y financieras, la solvencia y las bases técnicas que deben tener las mutuas y las compañías de seguros para ser autorizadas para operar en los distintos ramos, con lo que estructuralmente las diferencias entre estos dos tipos de aseguradoras no son tan evidentes y no suelen ser percibidas por los propios tomadores de seguros. Un claro impulso a este proceso de asimilación ha venido de la mano de la Ley 20/2015 de Ordenación, Supervisión y Solvencia de las Entidades Aseguradoras y Reaseguradoras y su Reglamento de desarrollo, aprobado por el Real Decreto 1060/2015. No obstante, ambos cuerpos normativos dedican escasos preceptos a las mutuas de seguros en comparación con la normativa anterior, que se mantiene básicamente en vigor hasta que se acometa una futura regulación específica de las mutuas. En el presente estudio se expondrá el origen y evolución de explotación del seguro a través de mutuas, la naturaleza jurídica de las relaciones mutualistas entre los asegurados y las mutuas y las principales novedades del vigente, e inacabado régimen legal de las mutuas de seguros, que se pueden resumir en tres: prohibición de las mutuas a prima variable, cambios en el régimen de modificaciones estructurales en las que participe una mutua y el reconocimiento de la posibilidad de constituir grupos mutuales basados en vínculos no de capital.
Recibido: 16 abril 2018Aceptado: 18 mayo 2018
Consecuencias jurídicas de la mercantilidad de las cooperativas
Authors: Divar Garteiz Javier 
Published: March 2021

La concesión «contra natura jurídica» de competencias exclusivas en materia cooperativa a todas las Comunidades Autónomas ha provocado la sin razón de la desvertebración legislativa cooperativista española. Como quiera que la Constitución Española establece que la materia mercantil es competencia propia del Estado, sin que por tanto puedan otorgarse competencias legislativas a las Comunidades Autónomas, la primera consecuencia derivada de la indudable calificación mercantil es que todas las competencias de los Estatutos de Autonomía son técnicamente inconstitucionales.
Recibido: 04 junio 2018Aceptado: 10 julio 2018
La axiología de la cooperación como elemento sustentador del liderazgo cooperativo
Authors: De Miranda José Eduardo 
Published: March 2021

Los valores cooperativos son el núcleo que ha permitido el rescate y la consolidación de la identidad cooperativa, necesaria a la formación de la verdadera moral cooperativa, cuya comprensión y respeto de las necesidades humanas representa la esencia del propio Cooperativismo. Por este sentido, y bajo un manto axiológico, el liderazgo cooperativo debe conyugar las condiciones relacionadas al conocimiento técnico del líder con sus atributos personales, derivativos de los rasgos de su personalidad, esenciales a la gestión de los procesos gerenciales y humanos. El líder cooperativo debe ser el modelo de hombre cooperativo, el hombre honesto, que respeta la personalidad del prójimo, las diferencias entre las gentes y la igualdad en la dignidad de todos.
Recibido: 12 enero 2013Aceptado: 26 febrero 2013
La concepción jurídico-constitucional de la cooperativa en Cuba. Un reto para el perfeccionamiento del modelo socioeconómico nacional
Authors: Rodríguez Musa Orestes 
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar algunas valoraciones en torno a la concepción de la cooperativa en el constitucionalismo cubano, destinadas a que el magno texto pueda guiar —como corresponde— la implementación legal de la figura hacia una perspectiva integral. Para conseguir este propósito, ofreceremos inicialmente una caracterización de la institución que nos ilustre sobre su identidad. A continuación se analizará la dimensión jurídica de la cooperativa, ponderando las diferentes posturas doctrinales que han intentado definir su naturaleza. Por último, argumentaremos que la actual preceptiva constitucional cubana, influida por una reducida concepción de la institución, adolece de un grupo de limitaciones que obstaculizan el óptimo aprovechamiento de la figura en un contexto socioeconómico en el que está llamada a trascender.
Recibido: 16 enero 2013Aceptado: 07 febrero 2013
El suministro de energía eléctrica. Participación de las cooperativas en la gestión de este servicio de interés general
Authors: Arnáez Arce Vega María 
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo se analiza el régimen jurídico básico de las cooperativas eléctricas en su naturaleza jurídica de cooperativas de consumo que tienen por objeto social la distribución de la energía eléctrica y la comercialización de todo tipo de productos energéticos relacionados con la electricidad. Dicho análisis parte de la importancia cuantitativa y cualitativa de las cooperativas eléctricas, que representan en la actualidad un modelo de gestión eficiente que les permite garantizar el abastecimiento de electricidad tanto a sus socios como a cada vez un mayor número de clientes a precios muy económicos y competitivos, mediante el desarrollo de acuerdo con los principios y procedimientos de actuación propios de lo que se puede denominar un modelo energético sostenible.
Recibido: 17 octubre 2016Aceptado: 07 noviembre 2016
Las cooperativas y los jóvenes
Authors: Martínez Charterina Alejandro 
Published: March 2021

En el momento presente, a comienzos del siglo xxi, los grandes cambios experimentados invitan al estudio y reflexión acerca de la situación de los jóvenes y su posición respecto a las cooperativas. Los jóvenes necesitan a las cooperativas tanto como éstas los necesitan a ellos. Resulta fundamental la investigación acerca de los valores que exhiben los jóvenes y su sintonía con los valores cooperativos que conforman su identidad.
Recibido: 17 octubre 2016Aceptado: 07 noviembre 2016
La constitución del Consejo Cántabro de la Economía Social: una obligación legal y una oportunidad para la promoción del sector
Authors: Díez Ácimas Luis Ángel 
Published: March 2021

La Ley de Cooperativas de Cantabria dedica el Capítulo III del Título III a regular el Consejo Cántabro de la Economía Social. Este es un órgano de promoción y difusión del cooperativismo y la economía social. Tiene funciones de carácter consultivo y asesor para las actividades relacionadas con este sector. La Ley obliga al Gobierno de Cantabria a dictar la norma de organización y funcionamiento de este Consejo, en el plazo de un año desde su entrada en vigor. Este se cumplió el 18 de enero de 2015. Esta norma no se ha dictado aún. En este estudio, se recuerda esa obligación impuesta al Gobierno de Cantabria; pero, se resalta, al mismo tiempo, el carácter positivo que el funcionamiento del Consejo tendría sobre la política de fomento de la economía social en esta región, contribuyendo decisivamente a su promoción y a conseguir una mayor visibilidad por parte de la sociedad.
Recibido: 06 junio 2017Aceptado: 17 julio 2017
El tardío reconocimiento del carácter mercantil de las sociedades cooperativas y su consecuencia
Authors: Macías Ruano Antonio José 
Published: March 2021

La dispersión normativa en materia de sociedades cooperativas es el efecto de circunstancias históricas y políticas que van más allá de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional de 1983 asumiendo la constitucionalidad de la Ley 1/1982, de 1 de febrero, sobre Cooperativas, del País Vasco, a la que siguieron otras de diversas comunidades autónomas hasta el actual marco legal cooperativo. El que no se hubiera asumido por el legislador nacional antes de 1979, fecha de publicación del primer estatuto de autonomía, la naturaleza mercantil de las sociedades cooperativas ha dado lugar a esta situación, sin embargo, el debate y conclusiones del carácter mercantil de las sociedades cooperativas ha estado presente en la doctrina desde mucho antes de dicha fecha. En este trabajo se hace un repaso a las concepciones y justificaciones legales que se ha dado a las cooperativas hasta su actual percepción como sociedades de naturaleza mercantil.
Recibido: 03 julio 2017Aceptado: 26 septiembre 2017
DOENÇA PELO CORONAVÍRUS 2019: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Nepomuceno Morais Victor , Carvalho Barros Dias Fernanda , Borges Aguiar Santana Tayná , Guimarães Maciel Lucas , Cabral de Souza Yasmin , Andrade Mescoloti Alexandre , De Pádua Milagres Flávio Augusto , Sanzio Pimenta Raphael 
Published: March 2021

O SARS-CoV-2, que causa a patologia conhecida como COVID-19, foi identificado em dezembro de 2019 como a causa de uma série de casos de pneumonia na cidade chinesa de Wuhan. O número de casos aumentou consideravelmente nos meses subsequentes e a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) declarou no dia 11 de março de 2020 a pandemia de COVID-19. Trata-se de um vírus de RNA, envelopado e que possui uma alta taxa de transmissão. A apresentação clínica pode variar de um quadro assintomático ou leve, até casos graves que cursam com insuficiência respiratória. Febre, tosse, dispneia, fadiga, mialgia generalizada e cefaleia são os sintomas comumente observados. Até a data de realização desse estudo, não haviam terapias específicas que tenham apresentado eficácia claramente comprovada. O objetivo desse artigo foi abordar diversos aspectos sobre o SARS-CoV-2, incluindo a epidemiologia, quadro clínico, diagnóstico e tratamento da COVID-19. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com o uso da base de dados do Pubmed e relatórios do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e da OMS, que resultou na seleção de 77 referências baseadas no Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).