bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Functional Outcomes of Trauma Patients With Facial Injuries
Authors: McCarty Justin C. , Herrera-Escobar Juan P. , Gadkaree Shekhar K. , El Moheb Mohamad , Kaafarani Haytham M.A. , Velmahos George , Salim Ali , Nehra Deepika , Caterson Edward J. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Facial trauma can have long-lasting consequences on an individual's physical, mental, and social well-being. The authors sought to assess the long-term outcomes of patients with facial injuries.

Methods:
This is a prospective multicenter cohort study of patients with face abbreviated injury scores ≥1 within the Functional Outcomes and Recovery after Trauma Emergencies registry. The Functional Outcomes and Recovery after Trauma Emergencies registry collects patient-reported outcomes data for patients with moderate-severe trauma 6 to 12 months after injury. Outcomes variables included general and trauma-specific quality of life, functional limitations, screening for post-traumatic stress disorder, and postdischarge healthcare utilization.

Results:
A total of 188 patients with facial trauma were included: 69.1% had an isolated face and/or head injury and 30.9% had a face and/or head injuries as a part of polytrauma injury. After discharge, 11.7% of patients visited the emergency room, and 13.3% were re-admitted to the hospital. Additionally, 36% of patients suffered from functional limitations and 17% of patients developed post-traumatic stress disorder. A total of 34.3% patients reported that their injury scars bothered them, and 49.4% reported that their injuries were hard to deal with emotionally.

Conclusions:
Patients who sustain facial trauma suffer significant long-term health-related quality of life consequences stemming from their injuries.
Fluorescence and Ultrasound-guided Laparoscopic Resection of Caudate Lobe for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Located in the Retrocaval Portion
Authors: Santambrogio Roberto , D’Alessandro Valentina , Iacob Giulio , Zappa Marco A. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasonography (CEIOUS) and indocyanine green fluorescence were interesting tool for the visualization of intrahepatic neoplastic nodules. The combinations of the 2 technologies could increase tumor detection and the radicality of resection, allowing the use of a pure laparoscopic approach.

Methods:
The patient was an 81-year-old man with a history of hypertension and treated hepatitis C infection, with a sustained serological response from 2018, previously undergoing laparotomic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in segment 8.
During his regular hepatological follow-up, a 25 mm nodule was detected in segment 1, in a retrocaval position. Considering clinical presentation, good liver function (Child A5—MELD 8) and imaging, pure laparoscopic resection of the caudate lobe was performed using fluorescence imaging and CEIOUS navigation guidance.

Results:
The operation last for 205 minutes. Blood loss was 100 mL and no blood transfusion was required. She resumed diet on the next day and was discharged 4 days after the operation. Histopathologic examination showed 27 mm HCC with a clear margin. Contrast computed tomography scan performed 3 months after the operation showed no recurrence of the disease.

Conclusions:
A laparoscopic isolated caudate resection for HCC located in the retrocaval portion of the cirrhotic liver seems to be feasible in selected patients and fluorescence imaging and CEIOUS navigation guidance could guarantee a safe and successful surgery.
Unequal distribution of financial toxicity among people with cancer and its impact on access to care: a rapid review
Authors: Longo Christopher J. , Fitch Margaret I. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Research demonstrates that patients and their families often carry a good portion of the economic burden during and following cancer treatment, frequently resulting in implications for access to care. This rapid review summarizes how this knowledge has evolved in recent years.

Recent findings
The number of articles on patient financial burden is increasing, suggesting awareness about the growing impact of economic burden on patients. This is particularly evident when discussing out-of-pocket costs, and lost work for patients/caregivers. However, there is an increasing focus on ‘foregone care’ and ‘financial distress’. Additionally, emerging literature is examining policies and approaches to screen and/or mitigate these patient financial risks, thereby improving access to care. There is also increasing focus on populations that shoulder a disproportionate financial burden, including ethnic minorities (blacks, Asians, Latinos) as well as those with lower socioeconomic status. Additionally, there is evidence that this burden also affects the middle class.

Summary
As healthcare budgets become stretched, especially during a pandemic, supportive programs benefiting the less fortunate often shrink, which impacts access to care. The emerging research on strategies with government or institutions to mitigate these burdens and access issues are both welcome and needed.
Imitation and aspiration dynamics bring different evolutionary outcomes in feedback-evolving games
Authors: Arefin Md. Rajib , Tanimoto Jun 
Published: July 2021

Feedback-evolving games characterize the interplay between the evolution of strategies and environments. Rich dynamics have been derived for such games under the premise of the replicator equation, which unveils persistent oscillations between cooperation and defection. Besides replicator dynamics, here we have employed aspiration dynamics, in which individuals, instead of comparing payoffs with opposite strategies, assess their payoffs by self-evaluation to update strategies. We start with a brief review of feedback-evolving games with replicator dynamics and then comprehensively discuss such games with aspiration dynamics. Interestingly, the tenacious cycles, as perceived in replicator dynamics, cannot be observed in aspiration dynamics. Our analysis reveals that a parameter
θ
—which depicts the strength of cooperation in enhancing the environment—plays a pivotal role in comprehending the dynamics. In particular, with the symmetric aspiration level, if replete and depleted states, respectively, experience Prisoner's Dilemma and Trivial games, the rich environment is achievable only when
θ
> 1. The case
θ
< 1 never allows us to reach the replete state, even with a higher cooperation level. Furthermore, if cooperators aspire less than defectors, then the enhanced state can be achieved with a relatively lower
θ
value compared with the opposite scenario because too much expectation from cooperation can be less beneficial.
Strategy and performance evaluation of low-frequency variant calling for SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater using targeted deep Illumina sequencing
Authors: Van Poelvoorde Laura A. E. , Delcourt Thomas , Coucke Wim , Herman Philippe , De Keersmaecker Sigrid C. J. , Saelens Xavier , Roosens Nancy , Vanneste Kevin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, constitutes a tremendous global health issue. Continuous monitoring of the virus has become a cornerstone to make rational decisions on implementing societal and sanitary measures to curtail the virus spread. Additionally, emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have increased the need for genomic surveillance to detect particular strains because of their potentially increased transmissibility, pathogenicity and immune escape. Targeted SARS-CoV-2 sequencing of wastewater has been explored as an epidemiological surveillance method for the competent authorities. Few quality criteria are however available when sequencing wastewater samples, and those available typically only pertain to constructing the consensus genome sequence. Multiple variants circulating in the population can however be simultaneously present in wastewater samples. The performance, including detection and quantification of low-abundant variants, of whole genome sequencing (WGS) of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater samples remains largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the detection and quantification of mutations present at low abundances using the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 (alpha variant) defining mutations as a case study. Real sequencing data were in silico modified by introducing mutations of interest into raw wild-type sequencing data, or by mixing wild-type and mutant raw sequencing data, to mimic wastewater samples subjected to WGS using a tiling amplicon-based targeted metagenomics approach and Illumina sequencing. As anticipated, higher variation, lower sensitivity and more false negatives, were observed at lower coverages and allelic frequencies. We found that detection of all low-frequency variants at an abundance of 10%, 5%, 3% and 1%, requires at least a sequencing coverage of 250X, 500X, 1500X and 10,000X, respectively. Although increasing variability of estimated allelic frequencies at decreasing coverages and lower allelic frequencies was observed, its impact on reliable quantification was limited. This study provides a highly sensitive low-frequency variant detection approach, which is publicly available at https://galaxy.sciensano.be, and specific recommendations for minimum sequencing coverages to detect clade-defining mutations at specific allelic frequencies.
Entering into a self-regulated learning mode prevents detrimental effect of feedback removal on memory
Authors: Vavra Peter , Sokolovič Leo , Porcu Emanuele , Ripollés Pablo , Rodriguez-Fornells Antoni , Noesselt Toemme 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecently, we provided causal evidence that self-regulated dopamine signaling enhanced long-term memory formation in the absence of any external feedback or reward (Ripollés et al., 2016, 2018) if a congruent meaning inferred from semantic context (DA-dependent learning), while DA-signals were absent if no congruent meaning could be inferred (DA-independent learning). Here, we investigated the interaction of self-regulated learning with externally-regulated DA-signalling by providing external performance feedback in the first or second half of trials. We found that removing feedback during DA-dependent learning lowered subsequent recognition rates a day later, whereas recognition remained high in the group which received feedback only in the second half. In contrast, feedback modestly enhanced recognition rates for both groups for DA-independent learning. Our findings suggest that external reinforcers can selectively impair DA-dependent memories if internal DA-dependent processes are not already established and highlights the relevance of self-regulated learning in education to support stable memory formation.
Phylogenomics, Epigenomics, Virulome, and Mobilome of Gram-negative Bacteria Co-resistant to Carbapenems and Polymyxins: A One-Health Systematic Review and Meta-analyses
Authors: Ramaloko Winnie Thabisa , Sekyere John Osei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGram-negative bacteria (GNB) continue to develop resistance against important antibiotics including last-resort ones such as carbapenems and polymyxins. An analysis of GNB with co-resistance to carbapenems and polymyxins from a One Health perspective is presented.Data of species name, country, source of isolation, resistance genes (ARGs), plasmid type, clones, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were deduced from 129 articles from January 2016 to March 2021. Available genomes and plasmids were obtained from PATRIC and NCBI. Resistomes and methylomes were analysed using BAcWGSTdb and REBASE whilst Kaptive was used to predict capsule typing. Plasmids and other MEGs were identified using MGE Finder and ResFinder. Phylogenetic analyses were done using RAxML and annotated with MEGA 7.A total of 877 isolates, 32 genomes and 44 plasmid sequences were analysed. Most of these isolates were reported in Asian countries and were isolated from clinical, animal, and environmental sources. Colistin resistance was mostly mediated by mgrB inactivation, while OXA-48/181 was the most reported carbapenemase. IncX and IncI were the most common plasmids hosting carbapenemases and mcr genes. The isolates were co-resistant to other antibiotics, with floR (chloramphenicol) and fosA3 (fosfomycin) being common; E. coli ST156 and K. pneumoniae ST258 strains were common globally. Virulence genes and capsular KL-types were also detected. Type I, II, III and IV restriction modification systems were detected, comprising various MTases and restriction enzymes. The escalation of highly resistant isolates drains the economy due to untreatable bacterial infections, which leads to increasing global mortality rates and healthcare costs.Author summaryCarbapenem and polymyxin co-resistance in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is a growing public health concern globally. China presented a high number of highly resistant bacteria from humans, animals, and environmental samples. Escherichia coli isolates were the most dominant in China, while Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates dominated Greece, the second country with high numbers of carbapenem and colistin co-resistant strains. Mobile genetic elements including plasmids are responsible for disseminating such resistance genes. Worryingly, GNB with Carbapenem and polymyxin co-resistance also harbours genes that make them resistant to other antibiotics, making them multi-drug resistant.
Peritraumatic Distress of COVID-19 on Physicians in Bangladesh: Implications and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Ahmad Zafar , Kium Abdullah al , Ahammed Md Ripon , Hamid Md Montaser , Tarannum Sarmina , Amin Md. Ruhul , Islam Md. Daharul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has been an ultimate test of resource management for any governance, especially in the healthcare system. Bangladesh, being a developing country and with very limited resources, is fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. The frontline workers, especially the physicians and nurses are going through immense physical and psychological stress during the pandemic. Social unawareness, the absence of strict preventive policies, increasing workload, and the lack of resource management are making the frontline healthcare workers extremely vulnerable to COVID-19. In this paper, we present the outcome of our study on peritraumatic distress of COVID-19 among physicians in Bangladesh. Based on the user study, we have identified a number of key factors behind the peritraumatic distress and psychological stress caused by COVID-19. Our study shows, more than 78% respondents are suffering from peritraumatic psychological distress. We also recommended some very important and yet easy to implement policies to reduce the peritraumatic stress of the physicians of Bangladesh. These policy recommendations were a result of the survey analysis and the suggestions from the COVID-19 designated physicians.
Mouse Antibodies with Activity Against the SARS-CoV-2 D614G and B.1.351 Variants
Authors: Troitskaya Larisa , Shun Chan Nelson Lap , Frank Brendon , Capon Daniel J. , Zabel Brian A. , Ge Xiaomei , Luo Dan , Martinelli Rachel , Jin Jing , Simmons Graham 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including those that are resistant to antibodies authorized for emergency use, it is apparent that new antibodies may be needed to effectively protect patients against more severe disease. Differences between the murine and human antibody repertoires may allow for the isolation of murine monoclonal antibodies that recognize a different or broader range of SARS-CoV-2 variants than the human antibodies that have been characterized so far. We describe mouse antibodies B13 and O24 that demonstrate neutralizing potency against SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan (D614G) and B.1.351 variants. Such murine antibodies may have advantages in protecting against severe symptoms when individuals are exposed to new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Pre-vaccination and early B cell signatures predict antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine
Authors: Kardava Lela , Rachmaninoff Nicholas , Lau William W. , Buckner Clarisa M. , Trihemasava Krittin , de Assis Felipe Lopes , Wang Wei , Zhang Xiaozhen , Wang Yimeng , Chiang Chi-I , Narpala Sandeep , Reger Robert , McCormack Genevieve E. , Seamon Catherine A. , Childs Richard W. , Suffredini Anthony F. , Strich Jeffrey R. , Chertow Daniel S. , Davey Richard T. , Sneller Michael C. , O’Connell Sarah , Li Yuxing , McDermott Adrian , Chun Tae-Wook , Fauci Anthony S. , Tsang John S. , Moir Susan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are highly effective, although weak antibody responses are seen in some individuals with correlates of immunity that remain poorly understood. Here we longitudinally dissected antibody, plasmablast, and memory B cell (MBC) responses to the two-dose Moderna mRNA vaccine in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected adults. Robust, coordinated IgA and IgG antibody responses were preceded by bursts of spike-specific plasmablasts after both doses, but earlier and more intensely after dose two. Distinct antigen-specific MBC populations also emerged post-vaccination with varying kinetics. We identified antigen non-specific pre-vaccination MBC and post-vaccination plasmablasts after dose one and their spike-specific counterparts early after dose two that correlated with subsequent antibody levels. These baseline and response signatures can thus provide early indicators of serological efficacy and explain response variability in the population.
Characteristics of children and antigen test performance at a SARS-CoV-2 community testing site
Authors: Ford Laura , Whaley Melissa J. , Shah Melisa M. , Salvatore Phillip P. , Segaloff Hannah E. , Delaney Augustina , Currie Dustin W. , Boyle-Estheimer Lauren , O’Hegarty Michelle , Morgan Clint N. , Meece Jennifer , Ivacic Lynn , Thornburg Natalie J. , Tamin Azaibi , Harcourt Jennifer L. , Folster Jennifer M. , Medrzycki Magdalena , Jain Shilpi , Wong Phili , Goffard Kimberly , Gieryn Douglas , Kahrs Juliana , Langolf Kimberly , Zochert Tara , Tate Jacqueline E. , Hsu Christopher H. , Kirking Hannah L. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPerformance characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests among children are limited despite the need for point-of-care testing in school and childcare settings. We describe children seeking SARS-CoV-2 testing at a community site and compare antigen test performance to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral culture.MethodsTwo anterior nasal specimens were self-collected for BinaxNOW antigen and RT-PCR testing, along with demographics, symptoms, and exposure information from individuals ≥5 years at a community testing site. Viral culture was attempted on residual antigen or RT-PCR positive specimens. Demographic and clinical characteristics, and the performance of SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests, were compared among children (<18 years) and adults.ResultsAbout one in ten included specimens were from children (225/2110); 16.4% (37/225) were RT-PCR positive. Cycle threshold values were similar among RT-PCR positive specimens from children and adults (22.5 vs 21.3, p=0.46) and among specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic children (22.5 vs 23.2, p=0.39). Sensitivity of antigen test compared to RT-PCR was 73.0% (27/37) among specimens from children and 80.8% (240/297) among specimens from adults; among specimens from children, specificity was 100% (188/188), positive and negative predictive value were 100% (27/27) and 94.9% (188/198) respectively. Virus was isolated from 51.4% (19/37) of RT-PCR positive pediatric specimens; all 19 had positive antigen test results.ConclusionsWith lower sensitivity relative to RT-PCR, antigen tests may not diagnose all positive COVID-19 cases; however, antigen testing identified children with live SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Characterization of the Drosophila adult hematopoietic system reveals a rare cell population with differentiation and proliferation potential
Authors: Boulet Manon , Renaud Yoan , Lapraz François , Benmimoun Billel , Vandel Laurence , Waltzer Lucas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile many studies have described Drosophila embryonic and larval blood cells, the hematopoietic system of the imago remains poorly characterized and conflicting data have been published concerning adult hematopoiesis. Using a combination of blood cell markers, we show that the adult hematopoietic system is essentially composed of a few distinct mature blood cell types. In addition, our transcriptomics results indicate that adult and larval blood cells have both common and specific features and it appears that adult hemocytes reactivate many gene expressed in embryonic blood cells. Interestingly, we identify a small set of blood cells that do not express differentiation markers but maintain the progenitor markerdomeMeso. Yet, we show that these cells are derived from the posterior signaling center, a specialized population of cells present in the larval lymph gland, rather than from larval blood cell progenitors, and that their maintenance depends on the EBF transcription factor Collier. Furthermore, while these cells are normally quiescent, we find that some of them can differentiate and proliferate in response to bacterial infection. In sum, our results indicate that adult flies harbor a small population of specialized cells with limited hematopoietic potential and further support the idea that no substantial hematopoiesis takes place during adulthood.
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 induces cell competition
Authors: Brimer Nicole , Pol Scott Vande 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections induce squamous epithelial tumors in which the virus replicates. Initially, the virus-infected epithelial cells are untransformed, but expand in both number and area at the expense of normal squamous epithelial cells. How this occurs is unknown, but is presumed to be due to viral oncogene expression. We have developed an in vitro assay in which colonies of post-confluent HPV16 expressing cells outcompete confluent surrounding normal keratinocytes for surface area. The enhanced cell competition induced by the complete HPV16 genome is conferred by E6 expression alone, and not by individual expression of E5 or E7. In traditional oncogene assays, E7 is a more potent oncogene than E6, but such assays do not include interaction with normal surrounding cells. These new results separate classic oncogenicity that is primarily conferred by E7, from cell competition that we show is primarily conferred by E6, and provides a new biological role for E6 oncoproteins from high risk human papillomaviruses.ImportanceHigh risk papillomavirus infections induce epithelial tumors, some of which evolve into malignancies. The development and maintenance of cancer is due to the virally encoded E6 and E7 oncoproteins. How a virally infected keratinocyte out-competes normal uninfected keratinocytes has been unknown. The present work shows that the enhanced competition of HPV16-infected cells is primarily due to the expression of the E6 oncoprotein and not the E7 or E5 oncoproteins. This work shows the importance of measuring oncoprotein traits in the context of cell competition with uninfected cells, and shows the potential of papillomavirus oncoproteins to be novel genetic probes for the analysis of cell competition.