bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical summer foraging tradeoffs in a subarctic ungulate
Authors: Ehlers Libby , Coulombe Gabrielle , Herriges Jim , Bentzen Torsten , Suitor Michael , Joly Kyle , Hebblewhite Mark 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSummer diets are crucial for large herbivores in the subarctic and are affected by weather, harassment from insects and a variety of environmental changes linked to climate. Yet, understanding foraging behavior and diet of large herbivores is challenging in the subarctic because of their remote ranges. We used GPS video‐camera collars to observe behaviors and summer diets of the migratory Fortymile Caribou Herd (Rangifer tarandus granti) across Alaska, USA and the Yukon, Canada. First, we characterized caribou behavior. Second, we tested if videos could be used to quantify changes in the probability of eating events. Third, we estimated summer diets at the finest taxonomic resolution possible through videos. Finally, we compared summer diet estimates from video collars to microhistological analysis of fecal pellets. We classified 18,134 videos from 30 female caribou over two summers (2018 and 2019). Caribou behaviors included eating (mean = 43.5%), ruminating (25.6%), travelling (14.0%), stationary awake (11.3%) and napping (5.1%). Eating was restricted by insect harassment. We classified forage(s) consumed in 5,549 videos where diet composition (monthly) highlighted a strong tradeoff between lichens and shrubs; shrubs dominated diets in June and July when lichen use declined. We identified 63 species, 70 genus and 33 family groups of summer forages from videos. After adjusting for digestibility, monthly estimates of diet composition were strongly correlated at the scale of the forage functional type (i.e., forage groups composed of forbs, graminoids, mosses, shrubs and lichens;r = 0.79,p < .01). Using video collars, we identified (1) a pronounced tradeoff in summer foraging between lichens and shrubs and (2) the costs of insect harassment on eating. Understanding caribou foraging ecology is needed to plan for their long‐term conservation across the circumpolar north, and video collars can provide a powerful approach across remote regions.
Silica‐gel incorporated carbon paste sensor for the electrocatalytic oxidation of famotidine and its application in biological sample analysis
Authors: Vernekar Pramod Ramachandra , Shanbhag Mahesh Mohan , G Manasa , Shetti Nagaraj Pundlik , Mascarenhas Ronald Jerald 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFamotidine (FAM) is an efficacious competitive drug, and a reversible inhibitor of H2‐histaminergic receptor action used to manage acid production in the stomach. Among the elderly population, this drug poses the risk of kidney failure and impaired mental health conditions. Additionally, FAM is an environmental contaminant. Thus, FAM quantification was undertaken in urine and tablet dosage forms utilizing an uncomplicated, inexpensive, silica‐gel blended carbon paste electrode (SG/CPE) as an electrochemical sensor. In contrast to bare CPE, the existence of the modifier effectively enhanced the oxidation peak current for FAM. The impact of diversified factors such as time of accumulation, pH, sweep rate, and concentration variation was examined. Phosphate buffer solution (0.2 M) was employed for electro‐oxidation of FAM, and the optimum results were obtained at pH 3.0. The overall reaction at the sensing platform was under diffusion control with the involvement of a single electron transfer. The estimated heterogeneous rate constant (k°) was 3.493 × 103 s–1. Using the calibration curve, the calculated limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 11.72 × 10–8 M and 39.06 × 10–8 M, respectively. Among a variety of common interferents, the sensor demonstrated exceptional discrimination capabilities. Thus the proposed sensing platform displayed adequate sensitivity, selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Satisfactory recoveries were achieved for FAM in spiked human urine (91.40–97.50%) and tablet dosage forms (90.33–96.70 %), attesting the SG/CPE as a promising candidate for real‐time analysis.Novelty Statement: Silica gel/CPE as an electrochemical sensing platform exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity together with high sensitivity and selectivity for the quantitative determination of Famotidine (FAM). The developed method was validated by evaluating the accuracy, precision, stability, and anti‐interference properties. The lowest detection limit of 11.72 × 10–8 M was achieved, and the analytical advantage of the sensor is the quick quantification of FAM in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids.
Fast approach for evaluating H2S poisoning effects on solid oxide fuel cells fueled by carbon‐containing fuels such as biogas
Authors: Langnickel Hendrik , Hagen Anke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) convert a variety of fuels like hydrogen, e‐gas, or biogas into electricity with high efficiency. Such fuels are interesting for reaching a production of electricity entirely from renewable energy sources. Sustainable fuels will play an important role because they are independent of fluctuating sources such as solar and wind. E‐gas is a product of power‐to‐X concepts using electricity from renewable sources. Biogas is a renewable source and consists of 40%–70% CH4 and 30%–60% CO2. One advantage of the SOFC is that direct internal reforming of biogas or other hydrocarbons is possible. Impurities like sulfur components, which are present in fuels like biogas, can have negative effects on the internal reforming of the fuel in the SOFC and the electrochemical reaction as well. These effects have been widely investigated. The current study presents a new, time‐efficient approach to investigating sulfur poisoning. It analyses how the electrochemical reaction and the methane reforming process are affected by H2S via the evaluation of iV‐curves recorded with and without sulfur. It yields the well‐known parameter voltage drop occurring due to sulfur exposure.
Suppressed farnesoid X receptor by iron overload in mice and humans potentiates iron‐induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Xiong Hui , Zhang Chunze , Han Lifeng , Xu Tong , Saeed Khawar , Han Jing , Liu Jing , Klaassen Curtis D. , Gonzalez Frank J. , Lu Yuanfu , Zhang Youcai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Iron overload (IO) is a frequent finding in the general population. As the major iron storage site, the liver is subject to iron toxicity. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates bile acid metabolism and is implicated in various liver diseases. We aimed to determine whether FXR plays a role in regulating iron hepatotoxicity.

Approach and Results
Human and mouse hepatocytes were treated with ferric ammonium citrate or iron dextran (FeDx). Mice were orally administered ferrous sulfate or injected i.p. with FeDx. Wild‐type and Fxr−/−
mice were fed an iron‐rich diet for 1 or 5 weeks. Mice fed an iron‐rich diet were coadministered the FXR agonist, GW4064. Forced expression of FXR was carried out with recombinant adeno‐associated virus 1 week before iron‐rich diet feeding. Serum levels of bile acids and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) were quantified in adults with hyperferritinemia and children with β‐thalassemia. The data demonstrated that iron suppressed FXR expression and signaling in human and mouse hepatocytes as well as in mouse liver and intestine. FXR deficiency potentiated iron hepatotoxicity, accompanied with hepatic steatosis as well as dysregulated iron and bile acid homeostasis. FXR negatively regulated iron‐regulatory proteins 1 and 2 and prevented hepatic iron accumulation. Forced FXR expression and ligand activation significantly suppressed iron hepatotoxicity in iron‐fed mice. The FXR agonist, GW4064, almost completely restored dysregulated bile acid signaling and metabolic syndrome in iron‐fed mice. Conjugated primary bile acids were increased and FGF19 was decreased in serum of adults with hyperferritinemia and children with β‐thalassemia.

Conclusions
FXR plays a pivotal role in regulating iron homeostasis and protects mice against iron hepatotoxicity. Targeting FXR may represent a therapeutic strategy for IO‐associated chronic liver diseases.
Comparative study of hydrophobically modified gelatin‐based sealant with commercially available sealants
Authors: Mizuno Yosuke , Watanabe Shiharu , Katano Mayumi , Yanagihara Takahiro , Maki Naoki , Sato Yukio , Taguchi Tetsushi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAir leakage is one of the major complications related to pulmonary surgeries. To reduce this complication, we developed a decyl group (C10)‐modified Alaska pollock gelatin (ApGltn) (C10‐ApGltn) sealant and evaluated its practical performance against commercially available sealants, Beriplast® and DuraSeal®. C10‐ApGltn was synthesized by reductive amination of the amino groups in ApGltn with decanal. C10‐ApGltn was crosslinked with a poly(ethylene glycol)‐based crosslinker to form a tissue sealant. The crosslinking time of the C10‐ApGltn sealant was fast enough for curing on tissue and application as a spray system. Although the percent swelling of C10‐ApGltn and DuraSeal was significantly greater than Beriplast, C10‐ApGltn and DuraSeal exhibited excellent tissue sealing properties on pleura tissue under a long‐term moist condition. Additionally, C10‐ApGltn and DuraSeal did not cause severe inflammatory responses in a rat subcutaneous example. Therefore, C10‐ApGltn sealant had comparable tissue sealing properties to DuraSeal under a moist condition, indicating the potential of C10‐ApGltn sealant for pulmonary surgeries.
The Posterior Part Influences the Anterior Part of the Mouse Cranial Base Development
Authors: Zhang Honghao , Louie Ke'ale W , Kulkarni Anshul K , Zapien‐Guerra Karen , Yang Jingwen , Mishina Yuji 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe cranial base is a critical structure in the head, which is composed of endoskeletal and dermal skeletal. The braincase floor, part of the cranial base, is a midline structure of the head. Because it is a midline structure connecting the posterior skull with the facial region, braincase floor is critical for the orientation of the facial structure. Shortened braincase floor leads to mid‐facial hypoplasia and malocclusions. During embryonic development, elongation of the braincase floor occurs through endochondral ossification in the parachordal cartilage, hypophyseal cartilage, and trabecular cartilage, which leads to formation of basioccipital (BO), basisphenoid (BS), and presphenoid (PS) bones, respectively. Currently, little is known about whether maturation of parachordal cartilage, hypophyseal cartilage, and trabecular cartilage occurs in a simultaneous or sequential manner and if the formation of one impacts the others. Our previous studies demonstrated that loss of function of ciliary protein Evc2 leads to premature fusion in the intersphenoid synchondrosis (ISS). In this study, we take advantage of Evc2 mutant mice to delineate the mechanism governing synchondrosis formation. Our analysis supports a cascade mechanism on the spatiotemporal regulation of the braincase floor development that the hypertrophy of parachordal cartilage (posterior side) impacts the hypertrophy of hypophyseal cartilage (middle) and trabecular cartilage (anterior side) in a sequential manner. The cascade mechanism well explains the premature fusion of the ISS in Evc2 mutant mice and is instructive to understand the specifically shortened anterior end of the braincase floor in various types of genetic syndromes. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Interpersonal stress, interpersonal competence, and gender matter for adolescents’ depressive symptoms: Considerations for counselors
Authors: Smith‐Adcock Sondra , Kerpelman Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGender differences in adolescents’ depressive symptoms associated with interpersonal stress and competence were examined in a sample of 2157 high school students in the southeastern United States. How interpersonal competencies directly influenced depressive symptoms, and moderated associations among interpersonal stress and depressive symptoms were tested. Key findings showed that stress across different contexts positively predicted depressive symptoms. Initiating new relationships was shown to be a protective factor while providing emotional support and negative assertion were associated with greater depressive vulnerability for girls. Moderation results showed that girls have stronger associations between parent and peer stress and depressive symptoms. Recommendations are made for the assessment of interpersonal stress and competence, as well as prevention and early intervention for depressive symptoms. Assessing diverse interpersonal competencies and contexts of stress may be useful for enhancing adolescents’ capacity to address interpersonal stress and help diminish associations between stress and depressive symptoms.
A 47‐year‐old man passing putrid semen through saliva and sweat: A case of Dhat syndrome
Authors: Arafat S. M. Yasir , Mondal Firoj , Ghimire Sabina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDhat syndrome is a culture‐bound syndrome in which patients believe that they pass Dhat (semen) with their urine, feces, sweat, and saliva that causes lethargy, apathy, dysphoria, and depression. Here, we report a case of a 47‐year‐old man who presented with complaints of burning sensation in the whole body, especially in the pubic region, and insomnia for the last 5 years. This case could be enlightening for clinicians in South Asia in daily clinical practice and family physicians in Western countries where immigrants from Dhat syndrome prevailing countries could present with complex cultural myths and superstitious beliefs.
An Investigation into the Association Between Dopamine Receptor D1 Multilocus Genetic Variation, Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Antidepressant Treatment
Authors: Sun Yurong , Wang Xinyi , Tian Shui , Chen Zhilu , Wang Huan , Xue Li , Yan Rui , Yao Zhijian , Lu Qing 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundCombining genetic variants with neuroimaging phenotypes may facilitate understanding of the biological mechanisms for the etiology and pharmacology of antidepressant treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).PurposeTo explore the latent pathway of dopamine gene–hierarchical brain network–antidepressant treatment.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationOne hundred and sixty‐eight MDD inpatients divided into responders (N = 98) or nonresponders (N = 70) based on the treatment outcome of antidepressant.Field Strength/SequenceDiffusion tensors imaging and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0T using echo‐planar sequence.AssessmentFour genetic variations of the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) were genotyped. Strengths of rich‐club, feeder, and local connections were calculated based on the rich‐club organizations of structural and functional brain networks at baseline and following 4 weeks of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy.Statistical TestsLogistic and linear regressions were used to analyze the impact of DRD1 multilocus genetic profile score on the treatment response of SSRI, and their associations with strengths of rich‐club, feeder, and local connections. Mediation models were developed to explore the mediation role of rich‐club organizations on the relationship between DRD1 and SSRI therapy response. A P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsMultiple genetic variations of DRD1 were significantly related to the strengths of feeder connections both in structural and functional networks, and to the treatment response of SSRI. Furthermore, the strength of the structural feeder connection significantly modulated the effect of DRD1 variants on SSRI treatment outcome.Data ConclusionDRD1 displayed close connections both with SSRI treatment outcome and rich‐club organizations of structural and functional data. Moreover, structural feeder connection played a mediating role in the relationship between DRD1 and antidepressant therapy.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage4
Cyanide removal from aqueous environment by resting cells and PTFE immobilized cells of Sphingobacterium spp.
Authors: Ahmed Essam M. , F. Alsanie Walaa , Alhomrani Majid 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicrobial detoxification of cyanide offered an inexpensive, safe, and viable alternative to physiochemical processes for the treatment of cyanide in industrial effluents or contaminated sites. This study involved isolation of novel strain with high resistance against cyanide toxicity and able to degrade the cyanide radical. The strain was isolated from rocky area and identified as Sphingobacterium multivorium using 16S ribosomal RNA. Resting pregrown cells were used in simple reaction mixture to avoid the complication associated with the media. One‐gram fresh weight of this bacteria was able to remove 98.5% from 1.5 g/L cyanide which is a unique result. Factor affecting the biochemical process such as pH, temperature, agitation, glucose concentration was examined. The optimum conditions were, pH 6–7, 30–40°C, and 100–150 rpm shaking speed and 0.25% glucose. Furthermore, the cells were used after immobilization in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer. The PTFE is very safe carrier and the cells withstand the entrapment process and were able to remove 92% (1 g/L cyanide). The immobilized cells were used for six successive cycles with about 50% removal efficiency. The storage life extended to 14 days. No previous work studied the cyanide removal by Sphingobacterium spp. The strain showed good applicable characters.
Intraseasonal descriptors and extremes in South African rainfall. Part I: Summer climatology and statistical characteristics
Authors: Ullah Asmat , Pohl Benjamin , Pergaud Julien , Dieppois Bastien , Rouault Mathieu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRainfall extremes are of major and increasing importance in semi‐arid countries and their variability has strong implications for water resource and climate impacts on the local societies and environment. Here, we examine intraseasonal descriptors (ISDs) and wet extremes in austral summer rainfall (November–February) over South Africa (SA). Using daily observations from 225 rain gauges and ERA5 reanalysis between 1979 and 2015, we propose a novel typology of wet extreme events based on their spatial fraction, thus differentiating large‐ and small‐scale extremes. Long‐term variability of both types of extreme rainfall events is then extensively discussed in the context of ISDs. The results demonstrate that using 7% of spatial fraction simultaneously exceeding the local threshold of the 90th percentile produces remarkable results in characterizing rainfall extremes into large‐ and small‐scale extremes. Austral summer total rainfall is found to be primarily shaped by large‐scale extremes which constitute more than half of the rainfall amount under observation, and nearly half in ERA5. Observation (ERA5) shows an average of 8 ± 5 (20 ± 7) days per season associated with large‐scale extremes, which are comprised in 5 ± 3 (10 ± 3) spells with an average persistence of at least 2 days. Overall, we find a strong dependence of total rainfall on the number of wet days and wet spells that are associated with large‐scale extremes. We also find that large‐ and small‐scale extremes are well‐organized and spatially coherent in nature yet extreme conditions during small‐scale events are found sporadic over the region, contrasting with large‐scale events for which extreme conditions are found over a larger and coherent region.
Recovery of balance control in bilateral medial knee osteoarthritis after total knee arthroplasty during level walking
Authors: Lee Pei‐An , Liu Hwa‐Chang , Chen Tsan‐Yang , Wang Ting‐Ming , Lu Tung‐Wu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOlder adults are at higher risk of falling following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, it remains unclear how long a full recovery of the balance control during gait post‐TKA will take. The current study aimed to bridge this knowledge gap via long‐term follow‐up gait analyses. Twelve older adults with severe bilateral medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) before, 3 and 12 months after TKA, and twelve healthy controls were evaluated for their balance control during level walking, in terms of the inclination angle (IA) of the center of pressure to center of mass vector, and the rate of change of IA (RCIA). The patients before TKA showed significantly increased sagittal IA but decreased RCIA throughout the gait cycle (p < 0.04) compared to controls, suggesting a compromised balance control. Three months post‐TKA, deviations in IA remained, although those in RCIA were improved to normal. One‐year post‐TKA, no significant differences were found in any of the IA‐ and RCIA‐related variables between patient and Control groups. The results show that TKA surgery was effective in reducing the deviations in the center of mass‐center of pressure control in patients with severe bilateral knee OA, and full recovery of balance control can be expected 1 year after surgery.
Randomised, multicentre, prospective interventional study to evaluate the efficacy of immediate diet in addition to standard mouth rinsing in reducing local adverse events of inhaled corticosteroid among asthmatic patients: a pilot study
Authors: Ng Yee Mei , Ng Yen Ping , Heng Wei Kai , Hat Habshoh Bt , Jamil Ahmad Kamal Ariffin bin Abdul , Choo Jin Yi , Husin Wan Nurul Farihan Binti Wan , Hoh Jocelyn Shu Lin , Tan Yee Suan , Cheong Kin Man 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundInhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is recommended as first‐line therapy for all asthmatic patients. However, regular use of ICS is always associated with occurrence of local adverse events (LAEs) in the oropharyngeal area that may compromise asthma control. This study introduced a new intervention, namely immediate diet in addition to standard mouth rinsing (ID‐SMR), for better preventing LAEs.AimTo investigate the efficacy of the new intervention, in terms of reducing occurrence of ICS‐induced LAEs, as compared to standard mouth rinsing. To compare the level of asthma control between standard mouth rinsing method and the new intervention in the participants.MethodsTwo public health clinics and two public hospitals in the Kedah area participated in this study. Participants were randomised into a control arm (standard mouth rinsing) and interventional arm (new intervention) to complete four visits with one‐month intervals. In each visit, participants were interviewed on incidences of LAEs and asthma control levels were assessed. This study (NMRR‐18‐3113‐44829‐IIR) was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee, Malaysia.ResultsTwelve participants per arm completed this study. Participants with one or more LAEs in the control group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the interventional group at last visit. Incidence of each LAE showed a declining trend in the interventional group but remained almost the same in the control group. A similar increment was observed in participants with good asthma control from baseline visit to last visit with non‐significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionsImmediate diet in addition to mouth rinsing method can effectively minimise the occurrence of LAEs, but is not better in improving asthma control.