bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lattice Dislocation Trapping Mechanism at the Ferrite/Cementite Interface: The Isaichev Orientation Relationship
Authors: Kim Jaemin , Ghaffarian Hadi , Kang Keonwook 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We analyze the lattice dislocation trapping mechanism at the ferrite/cementite interface (FCI) of the Isaichev orientation relationship (OR) by atomistic simulations combined with the anisotropic linear elasticity theory and disregistry analysis. We find that the lattice dislocation trapping ability is varied by initial position of the lattice dislocation. The lattice dislocation near the interface is attracted to the interface by the image force generated by the interface shear, while the lattice dislocation located far is either attracted to or repelled from the interface, or even oscillates around the introduced position, depending on the combination of the stress field induced by the misfit dislocation array and the image stress field induced by the lattice dislocation.
Novel Ceric Ammonium Nitrate-Stabilized Maghemite Nanoparticles&nbsp;(CAN-γ-Fe2O3) for Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of β-Amino Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Anurag , Harel Yifat , Lellouche Jean-paul , Jain Suman L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Owing to their inherent features like smaller size and higher surface area exposed to reactants, nanoparticles have gained enormous interest and are extensively used as magnetically recyclable catalysts for various organic reactions. Herein, we report highly hydrophilic, non-aggregated, and strongly positively charged (ζ potential: +45.7 mV) ultra-small cerium cations/complexes- stabilized maghemite nanoparticles in water as an efficient and reusable nanoscaled magnetically active catalyst for the nucleophilic addition reaction of various amines with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to give corresponding β-amino derivatives under ultrasonic irradiation. The developed protocol provides several merits such as high product yields, mild reaction conditions, reusable catalyst and easy workup.
Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane Molasses by Engineered Strain Lactobacillus Casei E1
Authors: Wang Song , Tian Ran , Liu Buwei , Wang Hongcai , Liu Jun , Li Chenghui , Li Mingyue , Evivie Smith Etareri , Li Bailiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Sugarcane molasses are considered a potential source for bioethanol's commercial production because of its availability and low market price. It contains high concentrations of fermentable sugars that can be directly metabolized by microbial Fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria, especially Lactobacillus casei, have a high potential to be a biocatalyst in ethanol production that they are characterized by strong abilities of carbohydrate metabolism, ethanol synthesis, and high alcohol tolerance. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of producing ethanol from sugarcane molasses by Lactobacillus casei used engineering strain L. casei E1 as a starter culture. The effects of environmental factors on the metabolism of L. casei E1 were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, and the gene expression of key enzymes in carbon source metabolism was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Results showed that the strain could grow well, ferment sugar quickly and produce high yielded ethanol in cane molasses. By fermenting this bacterium anaerobically at 37°C for 36 h incubation in 5 °BX molasses when the fermenter's pH was controlled at 6.0, ethanol yield reached 13.77 g/L, and carbohydrate utilization percentage was 78.60%. RT-qPCR results verified the strain preferentially ferment glucose and fructose of molasses to ethanol at the molecular level. In addition, the metabolism of sugars, especially fructose, would be inhibited by elevating acidity. Our findings support the theoretical basis for exploring Lactic acid bacteria as a starter culture for converting sugarcane molasses into ethanol.
Detection of Genomic Variation and Tepal Shape Related Genes Between Broad and Narrow Tepal Lotus (Nelumbo Adans.) by whole Genome Resequencing
Authors: Liu Feng-Luan , Qin Mi , Li Shuo , Zhang Da-Sheng , Liu Qing-Qing , Yan Meng-Xiao , Tian Dai-Ke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The shape, color, and size of petals or tepals are vital attributes of flowering plants, as they affect the pollinator attraction ability, environmental stress adaptation, and ornamental value of plants. Compared with rose, chrysanthemum, and water lily, the tepal shapes of lotus (Nelumbo Adans.) exhibit low variation, and the absence of short-broad and long-narrow tepals limits the commercial value of lotus flowers. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover the genomic variation underlying the broad and narrow tepal phenotypes of lotus flowers, and to screen candidate genes associated with different tepal shapes.Results: Whole genome resequencing of two groups of lotus, NL (comprising three American lotus genotypes: broad tepal mutant, narrow tepal mutant, and wild type) and WSH (comprising two Asian lotus genotypes: narrow tepal mutant and wild type), generated 9.23–12.85 Gb clean data. A total of 716,656 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 221,688 insertion-deletion mutations (Indels) were obtained in the NL group, while 639,953 SNPs and 134,6118 Indels were obtained in the WSH group. Only a small proportion of these SNPs and Indels was mapped to exonic regions of genome: 1.92% and 0.47%, respectively, in the NL group, and 1.66% and 0.48%, respectively, in the WSH group. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that out of 4,890 (NL group) and 1,272 (WSH group) annotated variant genes, 125 and 62 genes were enriched (Q < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, 104 genes (NL group) and 35 genes (WSH group) were selected (P < 0.05). Finally, 41 genes were filtered and predicted to be associated with tepal shape in lotus.Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive report of genomic variation controlling tepal shape in lotus. Significant genetic variation was detected between the wild-type and mutant lotus genotypes, and varying levels of differentiation between groups NL and WSH. Candidate genes containing epidermal growth factor (EGF) and wall-associated receptor kinase (WAK) domains are considered important targets for further research on tepal development. Overall, the genomic data and candidate genes obtained in this study are essential references for future identification of tepal-shaped control genes in lotus combined with transcriptome analysis and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping.
Radiotherapy impact on health-related quality of life in localized prostate cancer: results of an observational, non-interventional, multicenter study in Spain
Authors: Zapatero Almudena , Pijoan Xavier Maldonado , Gómez-Caamaño Antonio , Masferrer José Pardo , Hernández Víctor Macías , Morón Asunción Hervás , García Julia Luisa Muñoz , Eito Amalia Palacios , Anguita-Alonso Paloma , González-Junco Cristina , Torrecilla José López 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is greatly affected by prostate cancer (PCa) and associated treatments. This study aimed to measure the impact of radiotherapy on HRQoL and to further validate the Spanish version of the 16-item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-16) in routine clinical practice.Methods: An observational, non-interventional, multicenter study was conducted in Spain with localized PCa patients initiating treatment with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BQT). Changes from baseline in EPIC-16, University of California-Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA-PCI), and patient-perceived health status were longitudinally assessed at end of radiotherapy (V2) and 90 days thereafter (V3). Psychometric evaluations of the Spanish EPIC-16 were conducted.Results: Of 516 patients enrolled, 495 were included in the analysis (EBRT, n = 361; BQT, n = 134). At baseline, mean (standard deviation [SD]) EPIC-16 global scores were 11.9 (7.5) and 10.3 (7.7) for EBRT and BQT patients, respectively; scores increased, i.e., HRQoL worsened, from baseline, by mean (SD) of 6.8 (7.6) at V2 and 2.4 (7.4) at V3 for EBRT and 4.2 (7.6) and 3.9 (8.2) for BQT patients. Changes in Spanish EPIC-16 domains correlated well with urinary, bowel, and sexual UCLA-PCI domains. EPIC-16 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .84), reliability, and construct validity.Conclusion: EPIC-16 scores worsened after radiotherapy in different HRQoL domains, regardless of patient-perceived health status. UCLA-PCI scores mostly recovered for EBRT patients at V3, while scores for BQT patients did not. The Spanish EPIC-16 questionnaire demonstrated sensitivity, strong discriminative properties and reliability, and validity for use in clinical practice.
Genetic diversity and SSR markers development of ancient Camellia sinensis in Sandu County of Guizhou Province
Authors: Zhao Yichen , Wang Runying , Liu Qing , Dong Xuan , Zhao De-Gang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The genetic abundance of ancient tea germplasm has been preserved in the long evolution process, which provides valuable resources for the protection and breed selection of ancient tea germplasm. However, the limited studies related to the genetic diversity of ancient tea germplasm restrict protection and breed selection. Therefore, the genetic diversity of ancient tea germplasm in Sandu county of Guizhou Province was explored in this study. II.Methods and Results: The genetic diversity was analyzed using phenotypes and SSR markers. The ranges for the variation coefficients of the six quantitative and seven qualitative characters were 17.76%-60.37% and 18.58%-50.64%, respectively. The ranges of diversity indices of the six quantitative and seven qualitative characters were 1.72-2.74 and 0.55-0.84, respectively. Ninety-six bands were amplified using 15 pairs of SSR primers from the 145 samples, and the average polymorphism information index was 0.66. The analysis revealed that the average values of Nei’s genetic diversity index (H) and the Shannon information index (I) are 0.26 and 0.41, respectively. Further, a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.734 shown by UPGMA dendrogram classified the 145 samples decreased into four groups. III.Conclusions: This study revealed the rich phenotypic variation and high molecular genetic diversity and the genetic diversity of the arbor is higher than that of the shrub of the ancient tea germplasm in Sandu of Guizhou province. Thus, this study not only provides a theoretical basis for the protection and breed selection but also promotes further research of ancient tea germplasm.
COVID-19 in Adults With Dementia: Clinical Features and Predictive Factors of Mortality. A Clinical Cohort Study on 125 Patients
Authors: Vrillon Agathe , Mhanna Elsa , Aveneau Clément , Lebozec Manon , Grosset Lina , Nankam Diane , Albuquerque Fernanda , Feroldi Raphaelle Razou , Maakaroun Barbara , Pissareva Iana , Gherissi Dalenda Cherni , Azuar Julien , François Véronique , Hourrègue Claire , Dumurgier Julien , Volpe-Gillot Lisette , Paquet Claire 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDThere is limited evidence on the characteristics and outcome of patients with dementia hospitalized for novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19).METHODWe conducted a prospective study in 2 gerontologic Covid Units in Paris, France, from March 14th 2020 to May 7th 2020. Patients with dementia hospitalized for confirmed COVID-19 infection were systematically enrolled. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mortality at 21 days.RESULTSWe included 125 patients. Median age was 86 (IQI 82-90); 59.4% were female. Most common causes of dementia were Alzheimer’s disease, mixed dementia and vascular dementia. 67.2% had ≥2 comorbidities; 40.2% lived in a long-term care facility. The most common symptoms at COVID-19 onset were confusion and delirium (82.4%), asthenia (76.8%) and fever (72.8%) before polypnea (51.2%) and desaturation (50.4%). Falls were frequent at the initial phase of the disease (35.2%). The fatality rate at 21 days was 22.4%. Chronic kidney disease and CRP at admission were independent factors of death. Persisting confusion, mood and behavioral disorders were observed in survivors (19.2%).CONCLUSIONCOVID-19 in demented individuals is associated with severe outcome in SARS-CoV-2 infection and is characterized by specific clinical features and complications, with confusion and delirium at the forefront. COVID‐19 testing should be considered in front of any significant change from baseline.
Elastic transformation of histological slices allows precise co-registration with microCT data sets for a refined virtual histology approach
Authors: Albers Jonas , Svetlove Angelika , Alves Justus , Kraupner Alexander , Lillo Francesca , Markus M. Andrea , Tromba Giuliana , Alves Frauke , Dullin Christian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although x-ray based 3D virtual histology is an emerging tool for the analysis of biological tissue, it falls short in terms of specificity when compared to conventional histology. Thus, the aim was to establish a novel approach that combines 3D information provided by microCT with high specificity that only (immuno-)histochemistry can offer. For this purpose, we developed a software frontend, which utilises an elastic transformation technique to accurately co-register various histological and immunohistochemical stainings with free propagation phase contrast synchrotron radiation microCT. We demonstrate that the precision of the overlay of both imaging modalities is significantly improved by performing our elastic registration workflow, as evidenced by calculation of the displacement index. To illustrate the need for an elastic co-registration approach we examined specimens from a mouse model of breast cancer with injected metal-based nanoparticles. Using the elastic transformation pipeline, we were able to co-localise the nanoparticles to specifically stained cells or tissue structures into their three-dimensional anatomical context. Additionally, we performed a semi-automated tissue structure and cell classification. This workflow provides new insights on histopathological analysis by combining CT specific three-dimensional information with cell/tissue specific information provided by classical histology.
Hydrochemical Formation Mechanism of Mineral Springs in Changbai Mountain, China
Authors: Li Jialin , Bian min jian , Li Yihan , Ma Yuxi , Li Yanmei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Changbai Mountain area in China is an important mineral water storage and development area. The hydrochemical composition of mineral water is the decisive factor for mineral-water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to study the hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of mineral water in Changbai Mountain area. Considering the integrity of basin and groundwater system, the study area was classified into three areas where mineral springs are densely distributed. For these areas, according to the mineral water parameter contents, the springs are further classified into single-type (metasilicic acid) mineral spring and compound mineral spring. By examining 74 mineral water samples collected from 2018 to 2020, the characteristics and formation mechanism of the hydrochemical components of the spring water were analyzed by mathematical statistics, model construction, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The results show that the formation of single-type mineral spring is controlled by rock weathering; compound mineral springs are the product of CO2-rich, weakly acidic, confined hot groundwater with high salinity and its mixing with shallow groundwater as it rises along the fracture. Volcanic geological process greatly influence the formation of the hydrochemical components of mineral springs on the North slope of Changbai Mountain. The mineral springs on the Longgang Mountain are greatly affected by human activities. The results of cluster analysis only considering hydrochemical components are consistent with the classification of the areas with concentrated distributions of mineral springs as determined by hydrogeological and geomorphological studies. The results of this study are useful for understanding the distribution, hydrochemical characteristics, and formation mechanism of mineral springs in Changbai Mountain area of China and provide the theoretical basis for the protection and development of mineral spring water.
"Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Health Legislation and Regulations by Dentists and Stomatologists in the Valencian Community: A KAP Analysis".
Authors: Gisbert Martina Sánchez , Grifo Marina Gisbert , Sheth Chirag C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The main objective of this study is to analyse the background and knowledge, attitudes and practices of Spanish dentists and stomatologists registered in Alicante, Castellón and Valencia, the three provinces that make up the Valencian Community, with regard to current Spanish health legislation and regulations, and to try to quantify the relationship between level of training, specialisation, work experience, position and workplace, and degree of knowledge. Methods: An anonymous survey was designed, consisting of thirty-three multiple-choice questions, checked beforehand by a statistician and validated by nine dentists and stomatologists from different specialisations, via an online platform called SurveyMonkey®. The validated survey included questions regarding their professional background and key questions regarding current dental law and expertise. The link and QR code (Quick Response) for taking the survey was sent via the official email address of each province's College of Dentists and Stomatologists, so that members could take the survey online for a limited period of time. Results: Members' level of knowledge of health legislation and regulations in the Valencian Community is moderate, with only 63% of the questions answered correctly. Neither their level of education nor work experience correlates significantly with their degree of knowledge. Dentists specialising in General and Aesthetics Dentistry were found to be more knowledgeable about ethical issues. Regarding the workplace, those working as university teachers tended to stand out from the other professionals in terms of legal and ethical knowledge whilst self-employed and employee dentists show a lower level of knowledge than the rest of the sample. Conclusions: The conclusions obtained from this study highlight the need for dentists to complete and update their knowledge of current health legislation, as having proper knowledge is a means of avoiding possible legal problems, which not only means better legal protection for the dentist but is also a means of guaranteeing adequate patient care.
Spreading behavior of firefighting foam solutions on typical liquid fuel surfaces
Authors: Sheng Youjie , Li Yang , Wu Kui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A series of experiments was performed to investigate the spreading behavior of firefighting foam solutions on liquid fuel surfaces. The spreading coefficients of six kinds of aqueous film-forming foam solutions and one fluorine-free foam solution on the surface of four liquid fuels, namely, cyclohexane, diesel, n-heptane, and ethanol, were calculated on the basis of surface and interfacial tension. Spreading behavior was studied systematically using a high-speed camera, and then the relationship between spreading behavior and spreading coefficient was analyzed. Furthermore, the spreading area and spreading rate of different foam solution droplets on liquid fuel surfaces were studied in depth. The spreading amount of the foam solution droplets on the liquid fuel surfaces was measured. Four typical spreading phenomena, namely, spreading, suspension, dissolution, and sinking, of AFFF solutions on liquid fuel surfaces were identified. Moreover, a positive spreading coefficient did not necessarily lead to the formation of an aqueous film. The spreading area, spreading rate, and spreading amount were not proportional to the spreading coefficient. During the evaluation of the spreading property of firefighting foam, the spreading coefficient, spreading rate, and spreading amount must be focused on instead of only the spreading coefficient.
Interfacial Chemical Bond and Internal Electric Field Modulated Z-Scheme Vs-ZnIn2S4/MoSe2 Photocatalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Xuehua , Wang Xianghu , Huang Jianfeng , Li Shaoxiang , meng Alan , Li Zhenjiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Construction of Z-scheme heterostructure is of momentous significance for realizing efficient photocatalytic water splitting. However, the consciously modulate of Z-scheme charge transfer is still a great challenge. Herein, interfacial Mo-S bond and internal electric field modulated Z-Scheme heterostructure composed by sulfur vacancies-rich ZnIn2S4 (Vs-ZIS) and MoSe2 was rationally fabricated for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Systematic investigations reveal that Mo-S bond and internal electric field induce the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism as confirmed by the SPS and DMPO spin-trapping EPR spectra. Under the intense synergy among the Mo-S bond, internal electric field and S-vacancies, the optimized photocatalyst exhibits ultrahigh hydrogen evolution rate of 63.21 mmol∙g-1·h-1 with an apparent quantum yield of 76.48% at 420 nm monochromatic light, which is about 18.8-fold of the pristine ZIS. This work affords a new inspiration on consciously modulating Z-scheme charge transfer by atomic-level interface control and internal electric field to signally promote the photocatalytic performance.
Integrating ensemble systems biology feature selection and bimodal deep neural network for breast cancer prognosis prediction
Authors: Cheng Li-Hsin , Hsu Te-Cheng , Lin Che 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. To guide proper treatment decisions for each patient, robust prognostic biomarkers, which allow reliable prognosis prediction, are necessary. Gene feature selection based on microarray data is an approach to discover potential biomarkers systematically. However, standard pure-statistical feature selection approaches often fail to incorporate prior biological knowledge and select genes that lack biological insights. Besides, due to the high dimensionality and low sample size properties of microarray data, selecting robust gene features is an intrinsically challenging problem. We hence combined systems biology feature selection with ensemble learning in this study, aiming to select genes with biological insights and robust prognostic, predictive power. Moreover, to capture breast cancer's complex molecular processes, we adopted a multi-gene approach to predict the prognosis status using deep learning classifiers. We found that all ensemble approaches could improve feature selection robustness, wherein the hybrid ensemble approach led to the most robust result. Among all prognosis prediction models, the bimodal deep neural network (DNN) achieved the highest test performance, further verified by survival analysis. In summary, this study demonstrated the potential of combining ensemble learning and bimodal DNN in guiding precision medicine.