bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical utility and safety of short‐course immune checkpoint inhibitors in multiple tumours—A real‐world multicentric study from India
Authors: Abraham George , Noronha Vanita , Rajappa Senthil , Agarwal Amit , Batra Ullas , Somani Naresh , Raja Thirumalairaj , Patil Shekhar , Kaushal Ashish M. , Joshi Ashish , Radhakrishnan Vivek , Singh Navneet , Babu Govind , Tewani Rohan , Baghmar Saphalta , Dodagoudar Chandragouda , Ananthakrishnan Ramya , Haragadde Poppareddy Shashidhara , Sharma Vibhor , Menon Nandini , M Patil Vijay , Joshi Amit , Gupta Sudeep , Prabhash Kumar , Bajpai Jyoti 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe real‐world data on short course of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) use are sparse and merit exploration. A multicentric observational study on the safety and efficacy of ICI in oncology patients between August 2014 and October 2020 involves 1011 patients across 13 centers in India. The median age was 59 (min 16‐max 98) years with male preponderance (77.9%). The predominant cohort received short‐course ICI therapy; the median number of cycles was 5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1‐27), and the median duration of therapy was 3 (95% CI 0.5‐13) months. ICIs were used commonly in the second and third line setting in our study (66.4%, n = 671). Objective response rate (complete or partial response) was documented in 254 (25.1%) of the patients, 202 (20.0%) had stable disease, and 374 (37.0%) had progressive disease. The clinical benefit rate was present in 456 (45.1%). Among the patients whom ICI was stopped (n = 906), the most common reason for cessation of ICI was disease progression (616, 68.0%) followed by logistic reasons like financial constraints (234, 25.82%). With a median follow‐up of 14.1 (95% CI 12.9‐15.3) months, there were 616 events of progression and 443 events of death, and the median progression free survival and overall survival were 6.4 (95% CI 5.5‐7.3) and 13.6 (95% CI 11.6‐15.7) months, respectively, in the overall cohort. Among the immune‐related adverse events, autoimmune pneumonitis (29, 3.8%) and thyroiditis (24, 2.4%) were common. Real‐world multicentric Indian data predominantly with short‐course ICI therapy have comparable efficacy/safety to international literature with standard ICI therapy.
PAK1 and PAK2 in cell metabolism regulation
Authors: Kořánová Tereza , Dvořáček Lukáš , Grebeňová Dana , Röselová Pavla , Obr Adam , Kuželová Kateřina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractP21‐activated kinases (PAKs) regulate processes associated with cytoskeletal rearrangements, such as cell division, adhesion, and migration. The possible regulatory role of PAKs in cell metabolism has not been well explored, but increasing evidence suggests that a cell metabolic phenotype is related to cell interactions with the microenvironment. We analyzed the impact of PAK inhibition by small molecule inhibitors, small interfering RNA, or gene knockout on the rates of mitochondrial respiration and aerobic glycolysis. Pharmacological inhibition of PAK group I by IPA‐3 induced a strong decrease in metabolic rates in human adherent cancer cell lines, leukemia/lymphoma cell lines, and primary leukemia cells. The immediate effect of FRAX597, which inhibits PAK kinase activity, was moderate, indicating that PAK nonkinase functions are essential for cell metabolism. Selective downregulation or deletion of PAK2 was associated with a shift toward oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, PAK1 knockout resulted in increased glycolysis. However, the overall metabolic capacity was not substantially reduced by PAK1 or PAK2 deletion, possibly due to partial redundancy in PAK1/PAK2 regulatory roles or to activation of other compensatory mechanisms.
Essential workers: Past month suicidal ideation and COVID‐19 stress
Authors: Bond Allison E. , Wagler Kayla , Anestis Michael D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined if essential workers (EW) reported higher past month suicidal ideation (SI) and coronavirus‐19 (COVID‐19) stress than non‐EW, explored if the association between EW status and SI is indirect through COVID stress, and tested whether EW who identified as black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) experienced more past month SI and COVID stress than white EW.MethodsParticipants (N = 3500) were predominately white and female. COVID‐19 was assessed with the COVID‐19 subscale.ResultsEWs reported higher past month ideation and COVID‐19 stress than non‐EWs. EWs who identified as BIPOC reported higher past month ideation and higher fears about economic consequences and compulsive checking and reassurance seeking subscales compared to White EWs.ConclusionEWs experience higher rates of SI and stress than non‐EW; and BIPOC EWs experience higher SI and stress than White EWs. Accessibility of support should be a priority for this group at high risk for both the physical and emotional burden of COVID‐19.
Estrogenic signaling and sociosexual behavior in wild sex‐changing bluehead wrasses, Thalassoma bifasciatum
Authors: Prim Julianna H. , Phillips Marshall C. , Lamm Melissa S. , Brady Jeannie , Cabral Itze , Durden Shelby , Dustin Elizabeth , Hazellief Allison , Klapheke Brandon , Lamb April D. , Lukowsky Alison , May Dianna , Sanchez Sidney G. , Thompson Kelly C. , Tyler William A. , Godwin John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEstrogenic signaling is an important focus in studies of gonadal and brain sexual differentiation in fishes and vertebrates generally. This study examined variation in estrogenic signaling (1) across three sexual phenotypes (female, female‐mimic initial phase [IP] male, and terminal phase [TP] male), (2) during socially‐controlled female‐to‐male sex change, and (3) during tidally‐driven spawning cycles in the protogynous bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum). We analyzed relative abundances of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for the brain form of aromatase (cyp19a1b) and the three nuclear estrogen receptors (ER) (ERα, ERβa, and ERβb) by qPCR. Consistent with previous reports, forebrain/midbrain cyp19a1b was highest in females, significantly lower in TP males, and lowest in IP males. By contrast, ERα and ERβb mRNA abundances were highest in TP males and increased during sex change. ERβa mRNA did not vary significantly. Across the tidally‐driven spawning cycle, cyp19a1b abundances were higher in females than TP males. Interestingly, cyp19a1b levels were higher in TP males close (~1 h) to the daily spawning period when sexual and aggressive behaviors rise than males far from spawning (~10–12 h). Together with earlier findings, our results suggest alterations in neural estrogen signaling are key regulators of socially‐controlled sex change and sexual phenotype differences. Additionally, these patterns suggest TP male‐typical sociosexual behaviors may depend on intermediate rather than low estrogenic signaling. We discuss these results and the possibility that an inverted‐U shaped relationship between neural estrogen and male‐typical behaviors is more common than presently appreciated.
Large Scale 3D Printing: Influence of Fillers on Warp Deformation and on Mechanical Properties of Printed Polypropylene Components
Authors: Winter Kevin , Wilfert Jonas , Häupler Bernhard , Erlmann Jonas , Altstädt Volker 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing processes are still on the way from a prototyping process to an established serial production process. Often the limiting factors are the variety and costs of materials compared with standard materials. Polypropylene is a commonly used material in series production. The processing of polypropylene in additive‐ and extrusion‐based manufacturing processes is still a challenge. A big issue in pellet‐based large scale additive manufacturing of polypropylene is to achieve dimensional accuracy of the printed parts. Due to the semi‐crystalline nature of polypropylene and its low adhesive force on standard printing surfaces (aluminum) the fabricated parts tend to warp and deviate from the geometric shape. In this paper the influence of a melt adhesive and different filler types (glass fibers, glass bubbles, and talcum) on the warpage behavior of 3D printed polypropylene parts is investigated. Another issue in additive manufacturing is the mechanical properties of the fabricated parts compared to injection molded parts. The mechanical properties of 3D printed parts often show a dependency on the print direction, especially in case of using fillers with an anisotropic shape (fibers). In this study the influence of different fillers on mechanical properties and process indicated orientation is analyzed.
RENATE: A Pseudo‐retrosynthetic Tool for Synthetically Accessible de novo Design
Authors: Ghiandoni Gian Marco , Bodkin Michael J. , Chen Beining , Hristozov Dimitar , Wallace James E. A. , Webster James , Gillet Valerie J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReaction‐based de novo design refers to the generation of synthetically accessible molecules using transformation rules extracted from known reactions in the literature. In this context, we have previously described the extraction of reaction vectors from a reactions database and their coupling with a structure generation algorithm for the generation of novel molecules from a starting material. An issue when designing molecules from a starting material is the combinatorial explosion of possible product molecules that can be generated, especially for multistep syntheses. Here, we present the development of RENATE, a reaction‐based de novo design tool, which is based on a pseudo‐retrosynthetic fragmentation of a reference ligand and an inside‐out approach to de novo design. The reference ligand is fragmented; each fragment is used to search for similar fragments as building blocks; the building blocks are combined into products using reaction vectors; and a synthetic route is suggested for each product molecule. The RENATE methodology is presented followed by a retrospective validation to recreate a set of approved drugs. Results show that RENATE can generate very similar or even identical structures to the corresponding input drugs, hence validating the fragmentation, search, and design heuristics implemented in the tool.
High‐resolution, 3D multi‐TE 1H MRSI using fast spatiospectral encoding and subspace imaging
Authors: Wang Zepeng , Li Yahang , Lam Fan 
Published: November 2021

PurposeTo develop a novel method to achieve fast, high‐resolution, 3D multi‐TE 1H‐MRSI of the brain.MethodsA new multi‐TE MRSI acquisition strategy was developed that integrates slab selective excitation with adiabatic refocusing for better volume coverage, rapid spatiospectral encoding, sparse multi‐TE sampling, and interleaved water navigators for field mapping and calibration. Special data processing strategies were developed to interpolate the sparsely sampled data, remove nuisance signals, and reconstruct multi‐TE spatiospectral distributions with high SNR. Phantom and in vivo experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method.ResultsThe proposed acquisition can produce multi‐TE 1H‐MRSI data with three TEs at a nominal spatial resolution of 3.4 × 3.4 × 5.3 mm3 in around 20 min. High‐SNR brain metabolite spatiospectral reconstructions can be obtained from both a metabolite phantom and in vivo experiments by the proposed method.ConclusionHigh‐resolution, 3D multi‐TE 1H‐MRSI of the brain can be achieved within clinically feasible time. This capability, with further optimizations, could be translated to clinical applications and neuroscience studies where simultaneously mapping metabolites and neurotransmitters and TE‐dependent molecular spectral changes are of interest.
Effect of glycerol and sorbitol on the mechanical and barrier properties of films based on pea protein isolate produced by high‐moisture extrusion processing
Authors: Faust Sophia , Foerster Julian , Lindner Martina , Schmid Markus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDisposable food packaging accounts for a large proportion of the plastic waste in the environment. Bio‐based and biodegradable alternatives could help to reduce plastic pollution but must perform similarly to current synthetic materials. Here, we investigated the effect of two plasticizers (glycerol and sorbitol) on the mechanical and barrier properties of films composed of extruded pea protein isolate. We evaluated physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, moisture content, surface energy, residence time distribution, and gas barrier properties as a function of plasticizer concentration. The flexibility and workability of the films generally increased with higher concentrations of the plasticizer. The residence time distribution (RTD) showed that sorbitol mixtures remained in the extruder longer than glycerol mixtures, exacerbating the loss of quality. Glycerol films generally retained more moisture than sorbitol films and the tensile strength declined with increasing glycerol content, but the elongation at break increased. The polar fraction of the surface energy increased with higher concentrations of sorbitol, indicating that sorbitol is more polar than the pea protein isolate. In terms of barrier properties, both the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) were higher for films plasticized with sorbitol. Specifically, the OTR for sorbitol‐plasticized films at 50% (vol/vol) was 519 cm3*100 μm/(m2*d*bar) compared to 300 cm3*100 μm/(m2*d*bar) for the glycerol‐plasticized films, and the WVTR for sorbitol‐plasticized films at 50% (vol/vol) was 2633 g*100 μm/(m2*d) compared to 895 g*100 μm/(m2*d) for the glycerol‐plasticized films. For both plasticizers, the WVTR increased with increasing plasticizer concentration. In contrast, the OTR declined with increasing glycerol concentrations, whereas no trend was observed for sorbitol. Our study shows that pea protein isolate is suitable for the manufacture of bio‐based films and confirms that plasticizers influence the resulting mechanical and barrier properties. Further research is necessary to optimize the properties of the films.
Protecting the Texas electric grid: A cybersecurity strategy for the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) and the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT)
Authors: Stanaland Les , Baldick Ross , Cardenas Alvaro , Holmes Jennifer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe electrical system serves as the fundamental base of a country's economic activity, and is a likely target for cyberattacks. As the modern economy continues its evolution towards greater digitization and interconnectedness, policymakers must outline and enforce regulations protecting those critical assets, without which the economy would suffer. The Texas Interconnection, due to being independently operated, and to a large‐extent legislated by the state of Texas, enjoys a simpler regulatory environment than its counterparts in the rest of the contiguous 48 states. We exploit this relative independence to offer policy solutions to better protect Texas against a cyberattack on its electric grid. Specifically, ERCOT and the PUCT have the authority and ability to streamline and simplify the potentially confusing protocols enforced by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) to make adoption more likely. We also discuss grant programs for smaller utilities and the role of cyber‐insurance in helping utilities navigate the difficulties in understanding the protocols so that compliance can occur.
Impacts of climate change on water provisional services in Tungabhadra basin usingInVESTModel
Authors: Bejagam Vijaykumar , Keesara Venkata Reddy , Sridhar Venkataramana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWater is one of the most important ecosystem services because it is essential for food and energy production. The Tungabhadra basin, located in peninsular India, has a variety of challenges, including inter‐basin water‐sharing issues, low agricultural productivity and value, and rising need for renewable energy production. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) water yield model is used to analyze the consequences of climate change on water related services such as water yield and hydropower generation in the densely populated Tungabhadra basin. The impact of climate change on water supply services is studied for the period 1971–2000 as well as the future period 2021–2040. The model is calibrated using streamflow data collected at the Bawapuram gauge station in Telangana and there is a strong correlation between observed and simulated flow. The water yield for the entire basin declined by 33 and 50% under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively. The RCP 4.5 scenario reduces hydropower production and its Net Present Value (NPV) by 41 to 59%, whereas the RCP 8.5 scenario reduces production and NPV by 56 to 67%. The assessment of ecosystem services at the catchment scale revealed that the basin could be vulnerable to climate change due to a dramatic drop in ecosystem services. The methodology developed in this study can be applied to other river basins where quantifying ecosystem services is critical.
Degradation of Aqueous Quinoline Using Persulfate Activated by γ‐Fe2O3@Carbon Composites and Enhanced by UV Irradiation
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Ye Ziyu , Liao Fengzhen , Xie Shuhan , Ye Lanmei , Wang Yongjing , Wang Yonghao , Huang Jian , Liu Yifan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, the ultraviolet (UV) enhanced γ‐Fe2O3@Carbon composite (γ‐Fe2O3@C) persulfate (PS) activation system was successfully constructed for quinoline degradation. Quinoline can be effectively degraded with the removal efficiency of 99 % and TOC removal efficiency of 86 % in 60 min at pH 7.5 due to the increased contribution of SO4.− and .OH caused by the assistance of UV irradiation in the γ‐Fe2O3@C/PS system. Control experiments showed that the quinoline removal efficiency might be primarily restricted by the limited PS dosage and the system had a wide pH application range of 3∼11, good tolerance and strong anti‐interference ability. In the presence of the reactive oxygen species (SO4.−, .OH and 1O2), quinoline was first decomposed into formic acid, aniline, ethylbenzene and other intermediate products through hydroxylation, oxidative dehydrogenation and ring‐opening reactions and then most of them were mineralized into carbon dioxide and water eventually.
Glucose‐Assisted Synthesis of Hierarchical HZSM‐5 for Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose to Aromatics
Authors: Yang Kongyan , Zhou Feng , Ma Huixia , Yu Lihua , Wu Guang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolites have been successfully synthesized via an introduction of pre‐formed ZSM‐5 precursors and glucose‐assisted method. The influence of the amounts of glucose on the zeolite's characteristics of crystallinity, morphology, pore, and acidity of the HZSM‐5 zeolites were studied detailedly. The synthesized material showed a high mesoporous surface area (164.4–182.7 m2/g) and volume (0.14–0.15 m3/g), while the total acidity amount decreased slightly and Brønsted acidity amount increased. Amongst hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolites samples, the highest aromatic yield of 43.3 % was obtained, more than the yields of the traditional ZSM‐5 (36.3 %). The increase of mesoporousity is the main reason for the increasing of aromatics yield and reducing of the amount of coke.
Fabrication of N,B‐codoped Graphene Aerogel/PPy Composites for Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Xin Qing , Yu Jie , Lin Jun , Zang Yue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report a facile, low‐cost approach to fabricate N, B‐codoped graphene aerogel/PPy composites for an asymmetric supercapacitor. The supercapacitor is based on the traditional sandwich‐like structure composed of NBGA@PPy‐TB as anode material and PPy‐TB as cathode material. Analysis of NBGA@PPy‐TB microstructure reveals that the PPy‐TB is successfully coated onto the NBGA. The 3D cross‐linked networking structures and heteroatom composition endow the NBGA@PPy‐TB electrode with high specific capacity (566 F/g at 1 A/g). The electrochemical properties of asymmetric all‐solid supercapacitor, such as capacitance, impedance, cycling stability, are discussed. The supercapacitor exhibits a fair specific capacity (160.3 F/g at 0.5 A/g).
General and Efficient Synthesis of Quinazolinones under CF3COOH Catalysis and Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Gao Zhenhua , Guo Huichuang , Guo Yongbiao , Zhu Xiaxia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe herein reported the general and facile synthesis of diffferently substituted quinazolinones by using ortho ester as C1 synthon and CF3COOH as the catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. That represents one of the most mild, practical and user‐friendly methodologies with easy‐separation procedure.
Improvement of energy damage index bounds for circular reinforced concrete bridge piers under dynamic analysis
Authors: Amirchoupani Pouya , Abdollahzadeh Gholamreza , Hamidi Hamed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn improvement of energy damage index bounds for circular reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers under dynamic time history analysis is presented in this study. The energy‐based damage model has been defined as a ratio of hysteresis dissipation energy to input energy for performance evaluation of circular RC bridge pier systems. Based on the energy balance equation, the mentioned damage model can consider all energy aspects, including kinematic energy, strain energy, hysteresis energy, damping energy, and input energy. Additionally, the effect of ground motion duration, amplitude, and frequency content is appropriately considered in this damage model. For this purpose, the damage limit state bounds for two empirical RC bridge piers are statistically evaluated under the 22 far‐field ground motion sets of FEMA‐P695 for simulation of strong‐earthquake motion and consideration of record‐to‐record variability. First of all, appropriate validation between empirical and numerical fiber element models is implemented to estimate accurate results. Then, damage data at each performance level through strain limit states are collected by developing energy incremental dynamic analysis curves. Statistical results on collected damage data are presented in all performance levels to determine damage index bounds by the convolution of fragility curve distribution. Hence, five damage index bounds at five performance‐level are suggested, including very slight, slight, moderate, extensive, and complete damage. Finally, the effect of the other damping ratios on the modified energy damage model is carried out by using the beta coefficient in the formula. In the end, the modified energy damage model is compared with other damage indices to investigate the efficiency of the proposed damage model.
What Does Culturally Informed Literacy Instruction Look Like?
Authors: Kelly Laura Beth , Djonko‐Moore Cara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article revisits a recently published, critical qualitative review of research on culturally informed literacy instruction in preschool and elementary school contexts. The original published review analyzed literacy instruction described as culturally relevant, culturally responsive, or culturally sustaining across 56 peer‐reviewed studies. In this article, we interpret the findings of that research review for teachers and suggest several broad lessons, with specific examples of their application in literacy classrooms, for effectively implementing these culturally informed approaches: (1) address the impact of your own identity, (2) know your students, and (3) transform your literacy curriculum with critical approaches.