bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politics of Hospitality: African Students at the Hebrew University Medical School in the 1960s
Authors: Nuriely Benny , Kozma Liat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFrom 1961‐1965, the Medical School of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem taught four cohorts of medical students from developing countries, mostly African. This article explores the program through the theory of hospitality. First, we find that hospitality is constructed and enabled by international interests. Second, those interests build a status which has unexpected consequences that reveal sorts of hosts, welcoming and xenophobic. Third, as an outcome of the international structure of student exchange, the guests' response to the terms of hospitality was mitigated by their privileged status as international medical students. On the one hand, they appreciated Israel as a model of post‐colonial state‐building; on the other, they criticized the racist reactions to their presence.
The function of CD146 in human annulus fibrosus cells and mechanism of the regulation by TGF‐β
Authors: Du Jie , Guo Wei , Häckel Sonja , Hoppe Sven , Garcia João P. , Alini Mauro , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Creemers Laura B. , Grad Sibylle , Li Zhen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe mouse outer annulus fibrosus (AF) was previously shown to contain CD146+ AF cells, while in vitro culture and exposure to transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) further increased the expression of CD146. However, neither the specific function of CD146 nor the underlying mechanism of TGF‐β upregulation of CD146+AF cells have been elucidated yet. In the current study, CD146 expression and its role in cultured human AF cells was investigated studying the cells’ capacity for matrix contraction and gene expression of functional AF markers. In addition, TGF‐β pathways were blocked by several pathway inhibitors and short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting SMAD and non‐SMAD pathways to investigate their involvement in TGF‐β‐induced CD146 upregulation. Results showed that knockdown of CD146 led to reduction in AF cell‐mediated collagen gel contraction, downregulation of versican and smooth muscle protein 22α (SM22α), and upregulation of scleraxis. TGF‐β‐induced CD146 upregulation was significantly blocked by inhibition of TGF‐β receptor ALK5, and partially inhibited by shRNA against SMAD2 and SMAD4 and by an Protein Kinase B (AKT) inhibitor. Interestingly, the inhibition of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) pathway induced CD146 upregulation. In conclusion, CD146 was shown to be crucial to maintain the cell contractility of human AF cells in vitro. Furthermore, TGF‐β upregulated CD146 via ALK5 signaling cascade, partially through SMAD2, SMAD4, and AKT pathway, whereas, ERK was shown to be a potential negative modulator. Our findings suggest that CD146 can potentially be used as a functional marker in AF repair strategies.
An Observation of Nanoparticle‐Assisted Fingering Instability
Authors: Has Chandra , Sunthar P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFingering instabilities generally occur in an interface when a lower viscous or higher dense fluid is pushed through another miscible or immiscible fluid of higher viscosity or lower density. Similar fingering phenomena are also seen when hot saline water overlies cold freshwater or two solutes with different diffusivities are employed on two different sides of the interface. In the present study, we report an observation of nanoparticle‐assisted fingering that occurs when a less dense nanofluid lies over a denser liquid in an isothermal condition. Further, we show that the proposed mechanism (i.e., double mass‐diffusive convection) for this kind of fingering works only if nanoparticles are present in the suspending medium but not the microparticles. In the case of microparticles, sedimentation leads to the Rayleigh‐Taylor type of instability.
Mid and Far Fourier‐Transform Infrared Authentication Analysis for Polymeric Paints and Their Raw Materials
Authors: Rashid Norsyazlin Abd , Salim Yoga Sugama , Halim Suhaila Idayu Abdul , Harun Mohamad Kamal , Ong Chong Hup , Chan Chin Han 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInorganic and metallic compounds are often added in the paint formulation to improve the performance of protective coatings. Since some of these materials are infrared (IR) inactive in the mid‐IR region, the applicability of far‐IR as an additional quality assurance or quality control (QA/QC) tool to ensure the batch‐to‐batch consistency or fingerprinting/authentication of inorganic raw materials or paints with inorganic component(s) supplied to the job sites is instigated. Results suggest that the degree of similarity (r) in the far‐IR region can be used to differentiate the inorganic polymorph mixtures of rutile and anatase TiO2, which are attested by desummation of the superimposed absorbance bands for the same purpose. However, far‐IR region for authentication of inorganic compounds is challenging for paints with small amount of inorganic component(s). Mid‐IR spectroscopy is still practical to be used as the QA/QC tool for the batch‐to‐batch consistency or authentication of polymeric wet paints with or without inorganic component(s) coupled with other physical analyses.
Deep learning‐based precipitation bias correction approach for Yin–He global spectral model
Authors: Hu Yi‐Fan , Yin Fu‐Kang , Zhang Wei‐Min 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a data‐driven bias correction approach based on deep learning is proposed, which is appropriate for the Yin–He global spectral model (YHGSM) re‐forecasting. The proposed architecture involves four U‐Net‐based networks estimating the proper bias correction models for YHGSM re‐forecasting that consider as correction factors the geopotential, specific humidity, and vertical velocity on three pressure levels from the YHGSM model. The proposed models are then evaluated for their bias correction capability on the 3‐h cumulative precipitation over the region of China between 15°–54.5° N, and 63°–122.5° E. The results revealed that U‐Net‐based models could reduce the root mean squared error (RMSE) and improve the threat scores (TSs), especially for heavy precipitation and rainstorms.
IMAL‐Net: Interpretable multi‐task attention learning network for invasive lung adenocarcinoma screening in CT images
Authors: Wang Jun , Yuan Cheng , Han Can , Wen Yaofeng , Lu Hongbing , Liu Chen , She Yunlang , Deng Jiajun , Li Biao , Qian Dahong , Chen Chang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeFeature maps created from deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have been widely used for visual explanation of DCNN‐based classification tasks. However, many clinical applications such as benign‐malignant classification of lung nodules normally require quantitative and objective interpretability, rather than just visualization. In this paper, we propose a novel interpretable multi‐task attention learning network named IMAL‐Net for early invasive adenocarcinoma screening in chest computed tomography images, which takes advantage of segmentation prior to assist interpretable classification.MethodsTwo sub‐ResNets are firstly integrated together via a prior‐attention mechanism for simultaneous nodule segmentation and invasiveness classification. Then, numerous radiomic features from the segmentation results are concatenated with high‐level semantic features from the classification subnetwork by FC layers to achieve superior performance. Meanwhile, an end‐to‐end feature selection mechanism (named FSM) is designed to quantify crucial radiomic features greatly affecting the prediction of each sample, and thus it can provide clinically applicable interpretability to the prediction result.ResultsNodule samples from a total of 1626 patients were collected from two grade‐A hospitals for large‐scale verification. Five‐fold cross validation demonstrated that the proposed IMAL‐Net can achieve an AUC score of 93.8% ± 1.1% and a recall score of 93.8% ± 2.8% for identification of invasive lung adenocarcinoma.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that fusing semantic features and radiomic features can achieve obvious improvements in the invasiveness classification task. Moreover, by learning more fine‐grained semantic features and highlighting the most important radiomics features, the proposed attention and FSM mechanisms not only can further improve the performance but also can be used for both visual explanations and objective analysis of the classification results.
Metformin improves epigenetic modification involved in oocyte growth and embryo development in polycystic ovary syndrome mice model
Authors: Amani Abkenari Showra , Safdarian Leili , Amidi Fardin , Hosseini Ali , Aryanpour Roya , Salahi Elnaz , Sobhani Aligholi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe possible relationship between dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)‐induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and epigenetic changes (ECs) leading to the impaired oocyte quality, has not been investigated yet. So, this study aimed to provide an insight into the relationship of the impaired oocyte quality with ECs in a mice DHEA‐induced PCOS model and to further reveal the effect of metformin treatment. For this purpose, 80 female BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four equal groups, named as the control, sham, (DHEA) and DHEA + Metformin groups. The alterations in acetylation of H4K5 and H4K16, and in methylation of DNA (5MeC) and H3K9 were evaluated using immunocytochemical. Moreover, the expression of Hdac1, Hdac2, Dnmt1, and Dnmt3a genes involved in ECs were analyzed using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. As well, the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), oxidative stress (OS), embryo development, ovarian morphology, sexual hormone, ovulatory function, and AMPKα phosphorylation activity were compared in all the studied groups. Metformin attenuated the damages induced by DHEA as indicated by the normalized the estrous cycle, the improved ovarian morphology, the decreased sexual hormone and OS levels, and the increased MMP and AMPKα phosphorylation levels. In the metformin group, the Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Hdac2 genes have significantly upregulated compared to the DHEA group. However, metformin was found to have no effect on the expression level of Hdac1. In this regard, significant decrease and increase were observed in both the acetylated H4K16 and methylated H3K9 within MII oocytes in the DHEA + Metformin group compared with the DHEA group. Our results show that metformin could enhance the developmental competence of PCOS oocytes via reducing OS and ECs.
Camera‐assisted nursing observation of restless patients in an acute care setting, a multi‐method feasibility study
Authors: Geil Kollerup Mette , Tolstrup Gitte , Schantz Laursen Birgitte 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the implementation, practicality and acceptability of camera‐assisted observation of restless patients in the acute care ward.DesignA multi‐method feasibility study.MethodsData consisted of nurses' written records, a brief survey among all nurses and individual interviews with eight nurses. Data analysis encompassed numerical analyses as well as descriptive content analysis.FindingsCamera‐assisted observation was implemented by 44 patients from 60–95 years old, for 6 months. The practicality was enhanced by equipment that was easy to operate but the nurses were hampered by carrying the institutional mobile phone while caring for other patients. The intervention's acceptability depended on its potential for improved patient safety and the ability to adjust nursing care to meet the patients' needs as this could enhance feelings of confidence and control.
Influence of the composition of macromolecular diols on the rheology and water absorption of polyurethane acrylate emulsions
Authors: Wang Qichao , Xin Xiulan , Liu Hongqin , Xu Baocai , Li Bin , Song Nan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWaterborne modified polyurethane (PU) dispersions with different macromolecular diols as soft segments were prepared by the self‐emulsifying method, and then compounded with the acrylate monomers, the polyurethaneacrylate composite emulsion (PUA) with the core‐shell structure was prepared by emulsifier free emulsion polymerization. The effects of the type and ratio of macromolecular diols in the soft segment on the particle size and distribution, rheological properties, adhesion, water absorption and thermal properties of the PUA emulsion were studied. The results showed that the particle size of PUA decreased, and the shear resistance and heat resistance of PUA were enhanced with the addition of polypropylene glycol. According to the water absorption rate of PUA emulsion, it was found that adding poly‐1,4‐butanediol adipate glycol and poly(caprolactone) diol with more hydrophobic groups could improve the water resistance of PUA dry film, and the minimum water absorption value was 0.68%.
Pediatric asthma control during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Ze , Wang Xiang , Wan Xi‐gang , Wang Meng‐lei , Qiu Zong‐hua , Chen Jia‐li , Shi Man‐hao , Zhang Shi‐yi , Xia Yong‐liang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, many experts expected that asthma‐associated morbidity because of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection would dramatically increase. However, some studies suggested that there was no apparent increasing in asthma‐related morbidity in children with asthma, it is even possible children may have improved outcomes. To understand the relationship between the COVID‐19 pandemic and asthma outcomes, we performed this article.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to find literature from December 2019 to June 2021 related to COVID‐19 and children's asthma control, among which results such as abstracts, comments, letters, reviews, and case reports were excluded. The level of asthma control during the COVID‐19 pandemic was synthesized and discussed by outcomes of asthma exacerbation, emergency room visit, asthma admission, and childhood asthma control test (c‐ACT).ResultsA total of 22,159 subjects were included in 10 studies. Random effect model was used to account for the data. Compared with the same period before the COVID‐19 pandemic, asthma exacerbation reduced (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.14–0.48], Z = 4.32, p < 0.0001), the odds of emergency room visit decreased as well (OR = 0.11, 95% CI = [0.04–0.26], Z = 4.98, p < 0.00001). The outcome of asthma admission showed no significant difference (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = [0.32–2.20], Z = 0.36, p = 0.72). The outcome of c‐ACT scores were not analyzed because of the different manifestations used. Overall, c‐ACT scores reduced during the pandemic.ConclusionCompared to the same period before the COVID‐19 pandemic, the level of asthma control has been significantly improved. We need to understand the exact factors leading to these improvements and find methods to sustain it.
An automatic system for pest recognition and forecasting
Authors: Wang Rujing , Li Rui , Chen Tianjiao , Zhang Jie , Xie Chengjun , Qiu Kun , Chen Peng , Du Jianming , Chen Hongbo , Shao FangRong , Hu Haiying , Liu Haiyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPests cause significant damage to agricultural crops and reduce crop yields. Use of manual methods of pest forecasting for integrated pest management is labor‐intensive and time‐consuming. Here, we present an automatic system for monitoring pests in large fields, with the aim of replacing manual forecasting. The system comprises an automatic detection and counting system and a human–computer data statistical fitting system. Image data sets of the target pests from large fields are first input into the system. The number of pests in the image is then counted both manually and using the automatic system. Finally, a mapping relationship between counts obtained using the automated system and by agricultural experts is established using the statistical fitting system.RESULTSTrends in the pest‐count curves produced using the manual and automated counting methods were very similar. To sample the number of pests for manual statistics, plants were shaken to transfer the pests from the plant to a plate. Hence, pests hiding within plant crevices were also sampled and included in the count, whereas the automatic method counted only the pests visible in the images. Therefore, the computer index threshold was much lower than the manual index threshold. However, the proposed system correctly reflected trends in pest numbers obtained using computer vision.CONCLUSIONThe experimental results demonstrate that our automatic pest‐monitoring system can generate pest grades and can replace manual forecasting methods in large fields. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topological index analysis of a class of networks analogous to alicyclic hydrocarbons and their derivatives
Authors: Liu Jia‐Bao , Peng Xin‐Bei , Hayat Sakander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlicyclic hydrocarbons and their derivatives have been studied extensively by researchers in recent years. Actually, they are a subclass of the toroidal networks. The kind of networks can be characterized as the toroidal networks obtained from associating lots of identical basic sub‐networks into a cycle. In this paper, we study topological indices correlated with the toroidal networks, such as resistance distance, the Kirchhoff index, and the degree‐Kirchhoff index by creating n‐separations which can compute resistance distance simply. Furthermore, we also derive and analyze lots of topological indices based on degree of the toroidal networks. For instance, the Zagreb index, the general Randić index, the Forgotten index, and so on. These characteristic quantities can be utilized to evaluate the properties of alicyclic hydrocarbons as well as can be extensively applied to many fields, like mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, or other fields.
A simulation study of disaggregation regression for spatial disease mapping
Authors: Arambepola Rohan , Lucas Tim C. D. , Nandi Anita K. , Gething Peter W. , Cameron Ewan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDisaggregation regression has become an important tool in spatial disease mapping for making fine‐scale predictions of disease risk from aggregated response data. By including high resolution covariate information and modeling the data generating process on a fine scale, it is hoped that these models can accurately learn the relationships between covariates and response at a fine spatial scale. However, validating these high resolution predictions can be a challenge, as often there is no data observed at this spatial scale. In this study, disaggregation regression was performed on simulated data in various settings and the resulting fine‐scale predictions are compared to the simulated ground truth. Performance was investigated with varying numbers of data points, sizes of aggregated areas and levels of model misspecification. The effectiveness of cross validation on the aggregate level as a measure of fine‐scale predictive performance was also investigated. Predictive performance improved as the number of observations increased and as the size of the aggregated areas decreased. When the model was well‐specified, fine‐scale predictions were accurate even with small numbers of observations and large aggregated areas. Under model misspecification predictive performance was significantly worse for large aggregated areas but remained high when response data was aggregated over smaller regions. Cross‐validation correlation on the aggregate level was a moderately good predictor of fine‐scale predictive performance. While these simulations are unlikely to capture the nuances of real‐life response data, this study gives insight into the effectiveness of disaggregation regression in different contexts.
Guanidinium‐Based Ionic Covalent Organic Porous Polymer as Natamycin Delivery Agents for Anti‐Candida albicans
Authors: Liu Xia , Zhang Fang , Lou Han , Luo Haotian , Peng Cheng , Zhu Shourong , Zhou Baolong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHere, we have strategically prepared a biodegradable ionic covalent organic porous polymers (ICOP) with dynamic double selenium bond (Se−Se) which was further used as carriers for the antifungal drug‐natamycin (NAT). ICOP presents a high drug‐loading capability (DL) of 79.33±0.12 %, as well as high encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 76.75±0.58 % to NAT. Meanwhile, owning to the simultaneous introduction of −Se−Se− bond and imine linkage, the composite drug delivery system are responsive to pH, with selective and sustained release in acidic media (pH=5.5), almost 1.34 fold as much as that in neutral conditions (pH=7.4). This special drug release behavior is consisted well with the optimum growing environment of candida albicans (pH=5.5), in which, more drugs could be released continuously, enhancing the duration of drug interactions with fungi and inhibiting the growth of fungus effectively. This novel dosing strategy is promising for the development of intelligent drug delivery system which could avoid the overdoses of drugs, and reduce the emergence of resistant strains.
Impregnated Copper Ferrite on Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A High‐Performance Heterogeneous Catalyst for A3‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Khalili Dariush , Rezaee Meysam , Koohgard Mehdi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCombination of copper ferrite and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) provided an effective recyclable magnetic nanocatalyst to drive three‐component reactions of aldehydes, amines, and alkynes toward propargylamines. The reactions proceeded under external ligand‐ free and neat condition to afford the corresponding products in good to excellent yields and short reaction times. Main Text Paragraph.
Carbinol Derivatives of N‐(α‐Hydroxybenzyl)benzamide: Acid and Base‐Dependent Kinetics in Water and the Mechanistic Implications for Carbinolamide Reactivity
Authors: Tyminski Kurt S. , Stewart Sarah C. , Nagorski Richard W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe kinetics of the aqueous reaction, between pH values of 0–4 & 7–14, have been determined for a series of carbinol substituted N‐(α‐hydroxybenzyl)benzamide derivatives (5), in H2O, at 25 °C, I=1.0 M (KCl). The carbinol derivatives of 5 were found to react via two mechanisms. Between pH values of 0 to 4, an acid‐catalyzed mechanism was found and under neutral/basic conditions the carbinolamides reacted by a specific‐base catalyzed mechanism (E1cB‐like mechanism). No evidence for mechanistic variation of the acid and base‐catalyzed reactions based upon the carbinol substituent was found. The rate constants are reported for the acid‐catalyzed (kH, ρ=−1.89), the apparent second‐order hydroxide rate constant (k’1, ρ=−0.16), hydroxide limiting rate (k1, ρ=−0.93) and the pKa’s of the hydroxyl group (ρ=0.77) for seven carbinol substituted derivatives of 5. The ρ‐values for the carbinol derivatives of 5 will be compared to the previously reported ρ‐values for the structurally similar amide substituted derivatives.