bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Verticillium longisporum pleiotropic drug transporter determines tolerance to the plant host β‐pinene monoterpene
Authors: Rafiei Vahideh , Ruffino Alessandra , Persson Hodén Kristian , Tornkvist Anna , Mozuraitis Raimondas , Dubey Mukesh , Tzelepis Georgios 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTerpenes constitute a major part of secondary metabolites secreted by plants in the rhizosphere. However, their specific functions in fungal–plant interactions have not been investigated thoroughly. In this study we investigated the role of monoterpenes in interactions between oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and the soilborne pathogen Verticillium longisporum. We identified seven monoterpenes produced by B. napus, and production of α‐pinene, β‐pinene, 3‐carene, and camphene was significantly increased upon fungal infection. Among them, β‐pinene was chosen for further analysis. Transcriptome analysis of V. longisporum on exposure to β‐pinene resulted in identification of two highly expressed pleotropic drug transporters paralog genes named VlAbcG1a and VlAbcG1b. Overexpression of VlAbcG1a in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased tolerance to β‐pinene, while deletion of the VlAbcG1a homologous gene in Verticillium dahliae resulted in mutants with increased sensitivity to certain monoterpenes. Furthermore, the VlAbcG1a overexpression strain displayed an increased tolerance to β‐pinene and increased virulence in tomato plants. Data from this study give new insights into the roles of terpenes in plant–fungal pathogen interactions and the mechanisms fungi deploy to cope with the toxicity of these secondary metabolites.
Pandemics and emergent digital inequalities
Authors: Campbell Malcolm 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver the course of the COVID‐19 pandemic, it has become increasingly apparent that a public health crisis exposes underlying inequalities in society. This commentary focuses on emergent digital inequalities in Aotearoa New Zealand, noting the accelerated use of digital tools and technologies such as smartphone applications, online maps and vaccination booking websites during the pandemic. It argues that there is a need to address both the underlying population inequalities and the associated digital inequalities that have arisen during the pandemic.
Risks of overweight in the offspring of women with gestational diabetes at different developmental stages: A meta‐analysis with more than half a million offspring
Authors: Gao Ming , Cao Shu , Li Ninghua , Liu Jinnan , Lyu Yuanjun , Li Jing , Yang Xilin 
Published: November 2021

SummaryWe conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the association of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and offspring overweight from birth to adulthood, and to assess the effects of lifestyle interventions in women with GDM on this risk of offspring overweight. We identified literature from PubMed and 12 other electronic databases and retrieved relevant literature published before October 20, 2020. Random‐effects model analysis was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) of overweight and weighted mean differences of body mass index among children stratified into different developmental stages. Forty‐nine cohort studies (n = 559,377) and four randomized controlled trials (n = 1277) were included. We found that offspring of women with GDM were at an increased risk for overweight with age, from 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.22) under 5 years, 1.37 (95% CI: 1.31–1.44) at 5 to <10 years, 2.00 (95% CI: 1.79–2.23) at 10 to <18 years, to 2.05 (95% CI: 1.65–2.55) over 18 years of age (p < 0.05 for differences among groups). However, it was not observed that lifestyle interventions for GDM decreased the elevated overweight risk (RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.80–1.11, I2 = 0.0%). These findings highlight the need for adopting an active and healthy lifestyle in this high‐risk group.
Maxillofacial morphological characteristics in growing orthodontic patients with non‐syndromic oligodontia
Authors: Suyama Taiki , Ishikawa Hiroyuki , Tamaoki Sachio , Higa Remi , Takata Shunsuke , Sawa Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivePatients with oligodontia frequently show different types of malocclusions. However, how oligodontia affects the maxillofacial growth remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the maxillofacial morphological characteristics in growing patients with oligodontia.Setting and Sample PopulationThe study subjects included 33 Japanese children with non‐syndromic oligodontia (14 boys and 19 girls; mean age: 10.2 years) who visited the orthodontic clinic of Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental Hospital from 1999 to 2019.Materials and MethodsCephalometric analyses were performed, and the variables measured in each subject were converted intoZscores in relation to the mean and standard deviation of the Japanese norms matched for growth stage. The one‐samplet‐test or Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was performed to compare the mean scores in the patients with oligodontia with those of the Japanese norms.ResultsCompared with the Japanese norms, patients with oligodontia showed a smaller convexity and larger A‐B plane and SNB angles. The Frankfort‐mandibular plane and gonial angles were smaller, whereas the height of the ramus was larger. The vertical height of the alveolar bone in the maxillary and mandibular incisors and molar areas was smaller in patients with oligodontia.ConclusionsPatients with oligodontia showed Class III skeletal tendency with mandibular prognathism and flattened mandibular plane with a smaller gonial angle. These maxillofacial morphological features can be induced by a deficiency in the vertical growth of the alveolar bone in the maxillary and mandibular molar areas due to the lack of tooth germs.
Oxidative‐antioxidant imbalance in chronic sialadenitis of submandibular gland in human and rat
Authors: Liu Jingyang , Liu Pei , Wei Lili , Li Wei , Li Bo , Cheng Yong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the level of oxidative stress (OS) in human and rat chronic sialadenitis (CS) of the submandibular gland (SMG).MethodWe collected human SMG tissues and established a rat CS model using Wharton's duct partial ligation (PL). Morphological changes in the SMG were evaluated by HE, Sirius Red, AB/PAS, TUNEL and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity were detected by ELISA, commercial assay kits and IHC staining to evaluate their expression levels and locations in the SMG.ResultsHistopathological damage were observed in the human and rat CS. In rat PL group, the oxidative damage products (8‐OHdG, AOPP, 8‐iso‐PGF2α and H2O2) were significantly increased. For antioxidants, the PL group had markedly decreased T‐AOC and CAT activity, but markedly increased SOD activity. 3‐NT, 4‐HNE and MDA expression changed during the process of CS, and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPX1 and GPX4) were mainly expressed in ducts.ConclusionsThe oxidative‐antioxidant imbalance of CS in human and rats was revealed, the different expression of oxidative damage during the process of CS was detected, and the different antioxidant reaction in acinar and ductal cells was demonstrated.
Ana o 3 sIgE testing increases the accuracy of cashew allergy diagnosis using a two‐step model
Authors: Dang Thanh D. , Peters Rachel , Neeland Melanie R. , Brettig Tim , Green Hayden , McWilliam Vicki , Tang Mimi L. K. , Dharmage Shyamali , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Koplin Jennifer , Perrett Kirsten P. ,   for the HealthNuts Investigators
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of cashew‐specific IgE (sIgE) is often used to confirm sensitization but does not reliably diagnose clinical allergy. Ana o 3 is the dominant cashew allergen detected in 75–100% of patients with cashew allergy but not currently used in clinical practice.ObjectivesTo determine if component‐resolved diagnostics using specific IgE to the 2 S albumin from cashew, Ana o 3, improves the accuracy of diagnosing cashew allergy, thereby circumventing the need for an oral food challenge (OFC) in some patients.MethodsA population‐based sample of 5276 children was recruited at age 1 year and followed up at age 6 years. Children with positive cashew skin prick test at age 6 underwent an OFC to clarify allergy status. Forty‐seven children (mean age 5.02 ± 0.2) (33 cashew‐allergic and 14 cashew‐tolerant) had cashew sIgE and Ana o 3 sIgE quantified by ImmunoCAP System FEIA.ResultsA cutoff of >0.32 kUA/L for Ana o 3 sIgE provided 95% specificity and 90% sensitivity and correctly identified 90% of clinical cashew allergy. At the same specificity, the sensitivity for cashew sIgE (>8.5 kUA/L) was only 26%. Sequential measurement of cashew sIgE followed by Ana o 3 sIgE diagnosed 90% of children with cashew allergy without the need for an OFC.ConclusionAna o 3 sIgE testing provides higher diagnostic accuracy than cashew sIgE. Sequential measurement of cashew sIgE followed by Ana o 3 removed the need for a food challenge from 66% down to 12.8% (5‐fold) of children compared with cashew sIgE testing alone.
CmMYB1 gene clone from Cucumis melo and its functional roles under salt stress
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Huijun , Dai Zuyun , Yuan Yushu , Wei Shuangqin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aims to clone the MYB gene from the melon and explore its function. In order to obtain the differentially expressed MYB genes, comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out between varieties ‘M15’ and ‘Baogua’. CmMYB1 homologous gene in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) was obtained by homologous cloning. CmMYB1 gene was introduced into wild type by agrobacterium‐mediated transformation, and the growth status of T2 transgenic and wild type was observed. The results of subcellular localization showed that the CmMYB1 protein was expressed in cytoplasm and nucleus. After treatment with 200 mM NaCl solution for 1 and 3 h, the CmMYB1 gene expression increased significantly and began to decline after 6 h of salt stress, indicating that it functions in the early response to salt stress. After treatment with 200 mM NaCl solution for 1 and 3 h, the CmMYB1 gene expression increased significantly, and began to decline after 6 h of stress, indicating that it functions in the early response to salt stress. In CmMYB1‐OX overexpression Arabidopsis and Arabidopsis Col‐0 treated with 200 mM NaCl solution for 14 days, the overexpression lines at L4 and L5 were seen to change more obviously, and these results suggested that the CmMYB1 gene was involved in the response to salt stress.
Changes in circumferential strain can differentiate pediatric heart transplant recipients with and without graft rejection
Authors: Boucek Katerina , Burnette Ali , Henderson Heather , Savage Andrew , Chowdhury Shahryar M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundRoutine surveillance protocols rely heavily on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) for detection of rejection in pediatric heart transplant recipients. More sensitive echocardiographic tools to assess rejection may help limit the number of EMBs. This study compared changes in left ventricular (LV) strain in patients who had rejection versus those who did not.MethodsA single center retrospective review was conducted between 2013 and 2020. Patients were categorized based on rejection history. Echocardiograms were evaluated at the time of 2 consecutive EMBs; in the rejection group, the second echocardiogram was collected at the time of a rejection episode. Conventional measures of LV function and speckle‐tracking echocardiography‐derived longitudinal (LS) and circumferential strain (CS) were measured.Results17 patients were in the non‐rejection group and 17 were in the rejection group (30 total rejection episodes). The rejection group was older at the time of transplant (12.5 vs. 1.3 years, p = .01). A decline in CS was seen in the rejection group at the second echocardiogram [−18.5 (IQR −21.5, −14.6) to −15.7 (IQR −19.8, −13.2)] while CS improved in the non‐rejection group [−20.8 (IQR −23.9, −17.8) to −23.9 (IQR −24.9, −20.1)]. This difference in change reached significance (p = .02). A similar pattern was seen in LS that neared significance (p = .06). There was no significant difference in ejection fraction change (p = .24).ConclusionsPatients in the non‐rejection group displayed improvement in CS between echocardiograms while patients in the rejection group showed subsequent decline. Worsening of LV CS may help identify acute rejection in the early post‐transplant period.
Circumstances surrounding end‐of‐life in pediatric patients pre‐ and post‐heart transplant: a report from the Pediatric Heart Transplant Society
Authors: Cousino Melissa K. , Yu Sunkyung , Blume Elizabeth D. , Henderson Heather T. , Hollander Seth A. , Khan Sairah , Parent John Jerry , Schumacher Kurt R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough mortality has decreased considerably in pediatric heart transplantation, waitlist and post‐transplant death rates remain notable. End‐of‐life focused research in this population, however, is very limited. This Pediatric Heart Transplant Society study aimed to describe the circumstances surrounding death of pediatric heart transplant patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the multi‐institutional, international, Pediatric Heart Transplant Society registry was conducted. Descriptive statistics and univariate analyses were performed to 1) describe end‐of‐life in pediatric pre‐ and post‐heart transplant patients and 2) examine associations between location of death and technological interventions at end‐of‐life with demographic and disease factors.ResultsOf 9217 patients (0–18 years) enrolled in the registry between 1993 and 2018, 2804 (30%) deaths occurred; 1310 while awaiting heart transplant and 1494 post‐heart transplant. The majority of waitlist deaths (89%) occurred in the hospital, primarily in ICU (74%) with most receiving mechanical ventilation (77%). Fewer post‐transplant deaths occurred in the hospital (22%). Out‐of‐hospital death was associated with older patient age (p < .01).ConclusionsICU deaths with high use of technological interventions at end‐of‐life were common, particularly in patients awaiting heart transplant. In this high mortality population, findings raise challenging considerations for clinicians, families, and policy makers on how to balance quality of life amidst high risk for hospital‐based death.
Modeling electrophysiological measures of decision‐making and performance monitoring in neurotypical children engaging in a speeded flanker task
Authors: Lin Mei‐Heng , Davies Patricia L. , Taylor Brittany K. , Prince Mark A. , Gavin William J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aims to use structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the role of error processing in behavioral adaptation in children by testing relationships between error‐related and stimulus‐related event‐related potentials (ERPs) obtained from two sessions of a speeded Eriksen flanker task. First, path models of averaged ERP components and mean response times (N1 → P2 → N2 → P3 → RTs) while controlling for trait effects, age, and sex, on each was examined separately for correct and incorrect trials from each session. While the model demonstrated acceptable fit statistics, the four models yielded diverse results. Next, path models for correct and incorrect trials were tested using latent variables defined by factoring together respective measures of ERP component amplitudes from each session. Comparison of correct and incorrect models revealed significant differences in the relationships between the successive measures of neural processing after controlling for trait effects. Moreover, latent variable models controlling for both traitandsession‐specific state variables yielded excellent model fit while models without session‐specific state variables did not. In the final model, the error‐related neural activity (i.e., the ERN and Pe) from incorrect trials was found to significantly relate to the stream of neural processes contributing to trials with the correct behavior. Importantly, the relationship between RT and error detection in the final model signifies a brain‐and‐behavior feedback loop. These findings provided empirical evidence that supports the adaptive orienting theory of error processing by demonstrating how the neural signals of error processing influence behavioral adaptations that facilitate correct behavioral performance.
Electromagnetic interactions of dipole distributions with a stratified medium: Power fluxes and scattering cross sections
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Andreas , Tsitsas Nikolaos L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractN magnetic dipoles radiate (inside or outside) a piecewise homogeneous (layered) and isotropic medium. The power fluxes and energy processes inside and outside the medium resulting from the various interactions between participating fields are investigated by means of the introduced interaction scattering cross sections (ISCS) and interaction power fluxes (IPF). Connections between the power flux through the excitation layers and the radiation in the far field are established by specifying the law of energy conservation for the considered scattering problem. Additionally, the relation between the IPF and the ISCS is derived by applying a generalized version of the optical theorem. Physical bounds for the ISCS with respect to the minimum and maximum individual cross sections and the number of excitation dipoles and layers are derived. The large‐N behavior of the ISCS is analyzed. Variations of the ISCS and their physical bounds are numerically investigated.
Imperfect information, algorithmic price discrimination, and collusion*
Authors: Peiseler Florian , Rasch Alexander , Shekhar Shiva 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe analyze the ability of firms to sustain collusion in a setting in which horizontally differentiated firms can price discriminate based on private information. Firms receive private, noisy signals regarding customers’ preferences. We find that there is a non‐monotonic relationship between signal quality and the sustainability of collusion. Starting from a low level, an increase in signal precision first facilitates collusion. There is, however, a threshold beyond which any further increase renders collusion less sustainable. Our analysis provides important insights for competition policy, particularly in light of firms’ growing reliance on increasingly sophisticated computer algorithms to analyze consumer data and to make pricing decisions. In contrast to previous findings, our results reveal that a ban on price discrimination can help to prevent collusive behavior as long as signals are sufficiently noisy.
Student ways of thinking in STEM contexts: A focus on claim making and reasoning
Authors: Slavit David , Grace Elizabeth , Lesseig Kristin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSTEM education should be grounded in our knowledge of how students think in STEM‐focused learning environments. However, little is currently known regarding specific types of thinking in these contexts. We explore the theoretical notion of STEM Ways of Thinking (SWoT) in interdisciplinary learning situations. Our primary focus is not on the curricular content of STEM education, but rather on the nature of the cognitive activity at play during STEM‐focused activity. We give particular focus to students’ claim making and reasoning during interdisciplinary STEM activity. Our framework focuses on the disciplines of science, engineering, and mathematics. While these disciplines have vastly different practices and epistemologies, we argue that claim making and reasoning provide an avenue for considering student thinking at their intersections. A brief literature review of SWoT is provided that illustrates trends and limitations amongst current theories and studies. After a detailed discussion of our own theoretical perspective of SWoT, we provide an illustrative learning segment to explore the explanatory and analytic power of our theoretical perspective. Implications of our work on curriculum and instruction are provided.
Marriage migration from below: The assessing of ‘genuineness’ among binational couples in Australia
Authors: Hoogenraad Henrike 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the Australian partner visa application process, as experienced by African‐Australian couples in intimate heterosexual relationships. In Australia, similar to other Anglo‐European countries, the visa application process is an increasingly complex procedure. In order to avoid sham marriages that are entered into for the sole purpose of obtaining residency, it heavily scrutinises couples’ relationships and motives for marriage migration. This article explores marriage migration ‘from below’, by looking at how the Australian Government utilises the idea of ‘genuineness’ in order to establish the sincere character of binational relationships, and in turn, how this bureaucratic focus affects couples and their intimate relationships. I argue that the visa application process is distrusting of binational couples, which produces various outcomes: it obstructs intimacy and romance as experienced by couples; rather than fostering equality as desired by the Government, it generates a dependency among couples whereby female sponsoring spouses are ascribed more power than their foreign partners; and the non‐transparent and lengthy procedure, as a form of structural violence against binational couples, affects couples’ ontological security.
Prediction and impact of personalized donation intervals
Authors: Toivonen Jarkko , Koski Yrjö , Turkulainen Esa , Prinsze Femmeke , della Briotta Parolo Pietro , Heinonen Markus , Arvas Mikko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDeferral of blood donors due to low haemoglobin (Hb) is demotivating to donors, can be a sign for developing anaemia and incurs costs for blood establishments. The prediction of Hb deferral has been shown to be feasible in a number of studies based on demographic, Hb measurement and donation history data. The aim of this paper is to evaluate how state‐of‐the‐art computational prediction tools can facilitate nationwide personalized donation intervals.Materials and MethodsUsing donation history data from the last 20 years in Finland, FinDonor blood donor cohort data and blood service Biobank genotyping data, we built linear and non‐linear predictors of Hb deferral. Based on financial data from the Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, we then estimated the economic impacts of deploying such predictors.ResultsWe discovered that while linear predictors generally predict Hb relatively well, they have difficulties in predicting low Hb values. Overall, we found that non‐linear or linear predictors with or without genetic data performed only slightly better than a simple cutoff based on previous Hb. However, if any of our deferral prediction methods are used to assign temporary prolongations of donation intervals for females, then our calculations indicate cost savings while maintaining the blood supply.ConclusionWe find that even though the prediction accuracy is not very high, the actual use of any of our predictors in blood collection is still likely to bring benefits to blood donors and blood establishments alike.