bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why are physical restraints still in use? A qualitative descriptive study from Chinese critical care clinicians’ perspectives
Authors: Cui Nianqi , Qiu Ruolin , Zhang Yuping , Chen Dandan , Zhang Hui , Rao Hongyu , Jin Jingfen 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo understand why critical care clinicians still implement physical restraints, to prevent unplanned extubation and to explore the driving factors influencing the decision-making of physical restraints use.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used. The data were collected through one-to-one, semistructured interviews and analysed through the framework of thematic analysis.Participants and settingThe study was conducted from December 2019 to May 2020 at one general intensive care unit (ICU) and one emergency ICU in a general tertiary hospital with 3200 beds in Hangzhou, China. The sampling strategy was combined maximum variation sampling and criterion sampling.ResultsA total of 14 clinicians participated in the study. The reason why critical care clinicians implemented physical restraints to prevent unplanned extubation was that the tense healthcare climate was caused by family members’ rejection of mismatched expectations. As unplanned extubation was highly likely to create medical disputes, hospitals placed excessive emphasis on unplanned extubation, which resulted in a lack of analysis of the cause of unplanned extubation and strict measures for dealing with unplanned extubation. The shortage of nursing human resources, unsuitable ward environments, intensivists’ attitudes, timely extubation for intensivists, nurse experiences and the patient’s possibility of unplanned extubation all contributed to the decision-making resulting in the use of physical restraints.ConclusionsAlthough nurses played a crucial role in the decision-making process of using physical restraints, changing the healthcare climate and the hospital management mode for unplanned extubation are fundamental measures to reduce physical restraints use.
Impact of anesthetic strategy on outcomes for patients with acute basilar artery occlusion undergoing mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Li Fengli , Wan Junfang , Song Jiaxing , Yuan Junjie , Kong Weilin , Huang Jiacheng , Luo Weidong , Wu Deping , Li Linyu , Chen Luming , Zhao Chenghao , Chen Jin , Tao Hui , Sang Hongfei , Qiu Zhongming , Zi Wenjie , Yang Qingwu , Chen Xingyu , Li Hong , Peng Feng 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe best anesthetic management strategy for patients with acute large vessel occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) remains uncertain. Most studies have focused on anterior–circulation stroke caused by large artery occlusion. Nevertheless, limited data are available on the appropriate choice of anesthetic for acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). We aimed to investigate the effect of anesthetic method on clinical outcomes in patients with BAO undergoing MT.MethodsPatients undergoing MT for acute BAO in the BASILAR registry (Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) were included. We divided patients into three groups according to the anesthetic technique used during MT: general anesthesia (GA), local anesthesia (LA), and conscious sedation (CS). Propensity score matching was performed to achieve baseline balance.Results639 patients were included. GA was used in 257 patients (40.2%), LA was used in 250 patients (39.1%), and CS was used in 132 patients (20.7%). After 1:1 matching, favorable outcome, mortality, and hemorrhagic transformation rates, as well as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days, did not differ between the GA, LA, and CS groups.ConclusionsThe choice of anesthetic strategy, GA, LA, or CS, did not affect the clinical outcomes of patients with acute BAO treated with MT in the BASILAR registry.
Endoluminal flow diverting stents for middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms: multicenter cohort
Authors: Salem Mohamed M , Khorasanizadeh Mirhojjat , Lay Sovann V , Renieri Leonardo , Kuhn Anna L , Sweid Ahmad , Massari Francesco , Moore Justin M , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Jabbour Pascal , Puri Ajit S , Ogilvy Christopher S , Jankowitz Brian T , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Kan Peter , Limbucci Nicola , Cognard Christophe , Thomas Ajith J 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundData regarding the safety and efficacy of flow diverting stents (FDS) in the treatment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysms are scarce and limited to small single center series, with particular concern for increased risk of ischemic complications with jailing one of the M2 branches.MethodsProspectively-maintained databases at six North American and European centers were queried for patients harboring MCA bifurcation aneurysms undergoing treatment with FDS (2011–2018). The pertinent clinical and radiographic data were collected and analyzed.Results87 patients (median age 60 years, 69% females) harboring 87 aneurysms were included. The majority of aneurysms were unruptured (79%); 75.9% were saccular with a median maximal diameter of 8.5 mm. Radiographic imaging follow-up was available in 88.5% of cases at a median of 16.3 months post-treatment, showing complete occlusion in 59% and near complete occlusion (90–99%) in 18% of aneurysms. The overall rate of ischemic and hemorrhagic complications was 8% and 1.1%, respectively. Symptomatic and permanent complications were encountered in 5.7% and 2.3% of patients respectively, with retreatment pursued in 2.3% of patients. Jailed branch occlusion was detected in 11.5% of cases, with clinical sequelae in 2.3%. Last follow-up modified Rankin Scale of 0–2 was noted in 96.8% of patients. On multivariate analysis, male sex was the only independent predictor of aneurysmal persistence at last follow-up imaging (p=0.019).ConclusionFDS treatment for MCA bifurcation aneurysms is feasible, with comparable safety and efficacy profiles to other available endovascular options when utilized in carefully selected aneurysms. Jailing of M2 branches was not associated with a higher risk of post-procedural ischemic complications.
Effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of cefepime on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hagras Soheir A.A. , Hosny Alaa El-Dien M.S. , Helmy Omneya M. , Salem-Bekhit Mounir M. , Shakeel Faiyaz , Farrag Hala A. 
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the effect of cefepime at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) on in vitro biofilm formation (BF) by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effect of cefepime at sub-MIC levels (½–1/256 MIC) on in vitro BF by six clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa was phenotypically assessed following 24 and 48 h of challenge using the tissue culture plate (TCP) assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to observe the change in expression of three biofilm-related genes, namely, a protease-encoding gene (lasA), fimbrial protein-encoding gene (cupA1), and alginate-encoding gene (algC), in a weak biofilm-producing strain of P. aeruginosa following 24 and 48 h of challenge with sub-MICs of cefepime. The BF morphology in response to cefepime was imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The TCP assay showed strain-, time-, and concentration-dependent changes in in vitro BF in P. aeruginosa following challenge with sub-MICs of cefepime, with a profound increase in strains with inherently no or weak biofilm-producing ability. RT-PCR revealed time-dependent upregulation in the expression of the investigated genes following challenge with ½ and ¼ MIC levels, as confirmed by SEM. Cefepime at sub-MICs could upregulate the expression of BF-related genes and enhance BF by P. aeruginosa clinical isolates.
Exploring neutrino–nucleus interactions in the GeV regime using MINERvA
Authors: Lu X.-G. , Dar Z. Ahmad , Akbar F. , Andrade D. A. , Ascencio M. V. , Barr G. D. , Bashyal A. , Bellantoni L. , Bercellie A. , Betancourt M. , Bodek A. , Bonilla J. L. , Budd H. , Caceres G. , Cai T. , Carneiro M. F. , da Motta H. , Díaz G. A. , Felix J. , Fields L. , Filkins A. , Fine R. , Gago A. M. , Gallagher H. , Gilligan S. M. , Gran R. , Harris D. A. , Henry S. , Jena D. , Jena S. , Kleykamp J. , Klustová A. , Kordosky M. , Last D. , Lozano A. , Maher E. , Manly S. , Mann W. A. , Mauger C. , McFarland K. S. , McGowan A. M. , Messerly B. , Miller J. , Morfín J. G. , Naples D. , Nelson J. K. , Nguyen C. , Olivier A. , Paolone V. , Perdue G. N. , Plows K.-J. , Ramírez M. A. , Ransome R. D. , Ray H. , Rodrigues P. A. , Ruterbories D. , Schellman H. , Salinas C. J. Solano , Su H. , Sultana M. , Syrotenko V. S. , Valencia E. , Waldron A. V. , Wark D. , Weber A. , Yang K. , Zazueta L. ,   (The MINERνA Collaboration)
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the advance of particle accelerator and detector technologies, the neutrino physics landscape is rapidly expanding. As neutrino oscillation experiments enter the intensity and precision frontiers, neutrino–nucleus interaction measurements are providing crucial input. MINERvA is an experiment at Fermilab dedicated to the study of neutrino–nucleus interactions in the regime of incident neutrino energies from one to few GeV. The experiment recorded neutrino and antineutrino scattering data with the NuMI beamline from 2009 to 2019 using the Low-Energy and Medium-Energy beams that peak at 3GeV and 6GeV, respectively. This article reviews the broad spectrum of interesting nuclear and particle physics that MINERvA investigations have illuminated. The newfound, detailed knowledge of neutrino interactions with nuclear targets thereby obtained is proving essential to continued progress in the neutrino physics sector.
Age-Related Disease Risks in Younger versus Older B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Survivors
Authors: Ocier Krista , Abdelaziz Sarah , Kim Seungmin , Rowe Kerry , Snyder John , Deshmukh Vikrant G. , Newman Michael , Fraser Alison , Smith Ken R. , Porucznik Christina A. , Shoaf Kimberley , Stanford Joseph B. , Lee Catherine J. , Hashibe Mia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
Younger cancer survivors may develop age-related diseases due to the cancer treatment that they undergo. The aim of this population-based study is to estimate incidence of age-related diseases besides cardiovascular disease among younger versus older B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) survivors compared with their respective general population cohorts.

Methods:
Survivors of B-NHL were diagnosed between 1997 and 2015 from the Utah Cancer Registry. Using the Utah Population Database, up to 5 cancer-free individuals from the general population were matched with a B-NHL survivor on sex, birth year, and state of birth. Hazard ratios (HR) for age-related disease outcomes, which were identified from medical records and statewide health care facility data, were estimated using Cox Proportional Hazards models for B-NHL survivors diagnosed at &lt;65 years versus ≥65 years at least 5 years since B-NHL diagnosis.

Results:
Comparing 2,129 B-NHL survivors with 8,969 individuals from the general population, younger B-NHL survivors had higher relative risks of acute renal failure [HR, 2.24; 99% confidence interval (CI), 1.48–3.39; Pheterogeneity = 0.017), pneumonia (HR, 2.42; 99% CI, 1.68–3.49; Pheterogeneity = 0.055), and nutritional deficiencies (HR, 2.08; 99% CI, 1.48–2.92; Pheterogeneity = 0.051) ≥5 years after cancer diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Younger B-NHL survivors had higher relative risks of acute renal failure, pneumonia, and nutritional deficiencies than older B-NHL survivors compared with their respective general population cohorts, ≥5 years after cancer diagnosis.
Modifiable Risk Factors for Intracranial Aneurysm and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Karhunen Ville , Bakker Mark K. , Ruigrok Ynte M. , Gill Dipender , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: November 2021

Background
The aim of this study was to assess the associations of modifiable lifestyle factors (smoking, coffee consumption, sleep, and physical activity) and cardiometabolic factors (body mass index, glycemic traits, type 2 diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids, and inflammation and kidney function markers) with risks of any (ruptured or unruptured) intracranial aneurysm and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage using Mendelian randomization.

Methods and Results
Summary statistical data for the genetic associations with the modifiable risk factors and the outcomes were obtained from meta‐analyses of genome‐wide association studies. The inverse‐variance weighted method was used as the main Mendelian randomization analysis, with additional sensitivity analyses conducted using methods more robust to horizontal pleiotropy. Genetic predisposition to smoking, insomnia, and higher blood pressure was associated with an increased risk of both intracranial aneurysm and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. For intracranial aneurysm, the odds ratios were 3.20 (95% CI, 1.93–5.29) per SD increase in smoking index, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.10–1.40) per unit increase in log‐odds of insomnia, and 2.92 (95% CI, 2.49–3.43) per 10 mm Hg increase in diastolic blood pressure. In addition, there was weak evidence for associations of genetically predicted decreased physical activity, higher triglyceride levels, higher body mass index, and lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with higher risk of intracranial aneurysm and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, with 95% CI overlapping the null for at least 1 of the outcomes. All results were consistent in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
This Mendelian randomization study suggests that smoking, insomnia, and high blood pressure are major risk factors for intracranial aneurysm and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Newly Diagnosed Infection After Admission for Acute Heart Failure: From the KCHF Registry
Authors: Seko Yuta , Kato Takao , Morimoto Takeshi , Yaku Hidenori , Inuzuka Yasutaka , Tamaki Yodo , Ozasa Neiko , Shiba Masayuki , Yamamoto Erika , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Yamashita Yugo , Kitai Takeshi , Taniguchi Ryoji , Iguchi Moritake , Nagao Kazuya , Jinnai Toshikazu , Komasa Akihiro , Nishikawa Ryusuke , Kawase Yuichi , Morinaga Takashi , Toyofuku Mamoru , Furukawa Yutaka , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Sato Yukihito , Kuwahara Koichiro , Kimura Takeshi ,   for the KCHF Study Investigators
Published: November 2021

Background
No studies have explored the association between newly diagnosed infections after admission and clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure. We aimed to explore the factors associated with newly diagnosed infection after admission for acute heart failure, and its association with in‐hospital and post‐discharge clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

Among 4056 patients enrolled in the Kyoto Congestive Heart Failure registry, 2399 patients without any obvious infectious disease upon admission were analyzed. The major in‐hospital and post‐discharge outcome measures were all‐cause deaths. There were 215 patients (9.0%) with newly diagnosed infections during hospitalization, and 2184 patients (91.0%) without infection during hospitalization. The factors independently associated with a newly diagnosed infection were age ≥80 years, acute coronary syndrome, non‐ambulatory status, hyponatremia, anemia, intubation, and patients who were not on loop diuretics as outpatients. The newly diagnosed infection group was associated with a higher incidence of in‐hospital mortality (16.3% and 3.2%,
P
<0.001) and excess adjusted risk of in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio, 6.07 [95% CI, 3.61–10.19],
P
<0.001) compared with the non‐infection group. The newly diagnosed infection group was also associated with a higher 1‐year incidence of post‐discharge mortality (19.3% in the newly diagnosed infection group and 13.6% in the non‐infection group,
P
<0.001) and excess adjusted risk of post‐discharge mortality (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.08–2.07],
P
=0.02) compared with the non‐infection group.

Conclusions
Elderly patients with multiple comorbidities were associated with the development of newly diagnosed infections after admission for acute heart failure. Newly diagnosed infections after admission were associated with higher in‐hospital and post‐discharge mortality in patients with acute heart failure.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02334891.
Low Blood Pressure, Comorbidities, and Ischemic Stroke Mortality in US Veterans
Authors: Aparicio Hugo J. , Tarko Laura M. , Gagnon David , Costa Lauren , Galloway Ashley , Demissie Serkalem , Djousse Luc , Seshadri Sudha , Cho Kelly , Wilson Peter W.F. 
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose:
Low blood pressure (BP) is associated with higher stroke mortality, although the factors underlying this association have not been fully explored. We investigated prestroke BP and long-term mortality after ischemic stroke in a national sample of US veterans.

Methods:
Using a retrospective cohort study design of veterans hospitalized between 2002 and 2007 with a first ischemic stroke and with ≥1 outpatient BP measurements 1 to 18 months before admission, we defined 6 categories each of average prestroke systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP, and 7 categories of pulse pressure. Patients were followed-up to 12 years for primary outcomes of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. We used Cox models to relate prestroke BP indices to mortality and stratified analyses by the presence of preexisting comorbidities (smoking, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation/flutter, cancer, and dementia), race and ethnicity.

Results:
Of 29 690 eligible veterans with stroke (mean±SD age 67±12 years, 98% men, 67% White), 2989 (10%) had average prestroke SBP<120 mm Hg. During a follow-up of 4.1±3.3 years, patients with SBP<120 mm Hg experienced 61% all-cause and 27% cardiovascular mortality. In multivariable analyses, patients with the lowest SBP, lowest diastolic BP, and highest pulse pressure had the highest mortality risk: SBP<120 versus 130 to 139 mm Hg (hazard ratio=1.26 [95% CI, 1.19–1.34]); diastolic BP <60 versus 70 to 79 mm Hg (hazard ratio=1.35 [95% CI, 1.23–1.49]); and pulse pressure ≥90 versus 60 to 69 mm Hg (hazard ratio=1.24 [95% CI, 1.15–1.35]). Patients with average SBP<120 mm Hg and at least one comorbidity (smoking, heart disease, cancer, or dementia) had the highest mortality risk (hazard ratio=1.45 [95% CI, 1.37–1.53]).

Conclusions:
Compared with normotension, low prestroke BP was associated with mortality after stroke, particularly among patients with at least one comorbidity.
Correspondence between XPs and Phonological Phrases
Authors: Büring Daniel , Truckenbrodt Hubert 
Published: November 2021

Bresnan (1971, 1972) establishes an interaction between stress assignment and syntactic movement. We are interested in a restriction on this interaction. We argue that this restriction shows that the constraint STRESS-XP needs to be part of the syntax-prosody mapping and that it needs to be a restriction on a correspondence relation between syntactic XPs and phonological phrases. (A second constraint on the correspondence relation is either WRAP-XP or MATCH-XP.)In the course of our argument, we analyze Bresnan’s interaction between stress assignment and movement within an account in which Internal Merge induces reconstruction effects at both LF and PF.
Contracts and Firms' Inflation Expectations
Authors: Kumar Saten , Wesselbaum Dennis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We use novel survey data to study firms’ inventory contracts. We document facts about the usage of purchase and sale contracts. We find that firms purchase and sell inventory through three contractual arrangements: fixed price and quantity, fixed price only, and fixed quantity only. Those using fixed price and quantity hold the largest share of contracts. The average duration of purchase contracts is not very different from the average duration of sale contracts. We then find that the upward bias in inflation expectations is a feature of firms that do not purchase or sell largely through contracts. Our findings are useful in the calibration of sticky price models.
Norms, Enforcement, and Tax Evasion
Authors: Besley Timothy , Jensen Anders , Persson Torsten 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper studies individual and social motives in tax evasion. We build a simple dynamic model that incorporates these motives and their interaction. The social motives underpin the role of norms and are the source of the dynamics that we study. Our empirical analysis exploits the adoption in 1990 of a poll tax to fund local government in the United Kingdom, which led to widespread evasion. The evidence is consistent with the model's main predictions on the dynamics of evasion.
Federalism as Fairness in Ethiopia
Authors: De Schutter Helder 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this contribution I apply the normative political theory of multinational federalism to the case of Ethiopia. Can the political philosophy of multinational federalism ground Ethiopian federalism, and does Ethiopia satisfy its moral demands? To do so, I examine the Ethiopian federal system from the perspective of four desiderata of multinational federalism: (1) national-cultural self-government, (2) solidarity, (3) central government, and (4) linguistic justice. While Ethiopia’s federal structure has scored well with respect to (1) national-cultural self-government and (2) solidarity, it does face problems of (3) federal togetherness and (4) recognition of internal linguistic minorities. In the article several ways to overcome the two last-mentioned problems are suggested, although the article places these problems in perspective, as they trouble many multinational federal states.
Functional morphology and phylogenetic significance of the forewing base structure in Ensifera (Orthoptera)
Authors: Takahashi Mamoru , Yoshizawa Kazunori 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The forewing base structure of the orthopteran suborder Ensifera, a group of insects well known for their sound-producing behavior, was examined by using light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and µCT. We detected significant novel characters, such as functional changes in the tpm9 muscle from the flexor to the extensor of the forewing that are likely associated with the acquisition of sound-producing behavior using forewings. Phylogenetic analysis based on the characters selected from the forewing base structure showed that the character system contains a strong phylogenetic signal supporting the monophyly of Ensifera, Tettigonioidea and Grylloidea as well as the sister-group relationship between Grylloidea and Gryllotalpoidea, but no apomorphies to resolve the deep phylogeny among superfamilies could be determined from this character system.
Parliamentary Scrutiny of Brexit in the EU-27
Authors: Högenauer Anna-Lena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConcerns about a democratic deficit in the European Union reached new heights in recent years, as the organization has had to address a number of highly politicized challenges. In this context, the question of how much oversight should be exercised by the European Parliament (ep) and national parliaments individually or collectively becomes increasingly salient. Against this background, this article argues that on the issue of Brexit theephas been quick to carve out a role for itself. However, unlike in previous trade negotiations, national parliaments took a backseat on Brexit despite its potential impact on member states. This is largely due to the similarity of national and party positions on Brexit. In addition, the way the different interparliamentary bodies addressed Brexit reveals the limitations of these bodies in terms of their powers and the depth of their discussions.