bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Misreporting Trade-Off Between List Experiments and Direct Questions in Practice: Partition Validation Evidence from Two Countries
Authors: Kuhn Patrick M. , Vivyan Nick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo reduce strategic misreporting on sensitive topics, survey researchers increasingly use list experiments rather than direct questions. However, the complexity of list experiments may increase nonstrategic misreporting. We provide the first empirical assessment of this trade-off between strategic and nonstrategic misreporting. We field list experiments on election turnout in two different countries, collecting measures of respondents’ true turnout. We detail and apply a partition validation method which uses true scores to distinguish true and false positives and negatives for list experiments, thus allowing detection of nonstrategic reporting errors. For both list experiments, partition validation reveals nonstrategic misreporting that is: undetected by standard diagnostics or validation; greater than assumed in extant simulation studies; and severe enough that direct turnout questions subject to strategic misreporting exhibit lower overall reporting error. We discuss how our results can inform the choice between list experiment and direct question for other topics and survey contexts.
Learning to See: Convolutional Neural Networks for the Analysis of Social Science Data
Authors: Torres Michelle , Cantú Francisco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe provide an introduction of the functioning, implementation, and challenges of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify visual information in social sciences. This tool can help scholars to make more efficient the tedious task of classifying images and extracting information from them. We illustrate the implementation and impact of this methodology by coding handwritten information from vote tallies. Our paper not only demonstrates the contributions of CNNs to both scholars and policy practitioners, but also presents the practical challenges and limitations of the method, providing advice on how to deal with these issues.
Maternal diet high in linoleic acid alters offspring fatty acids and cardiovascular function in a rat model
Authors: Shrestha Nirajan , Sleep Simone , Helman Tessa , Holland Olivia , Cuffe James S. M. , Perkins Anthony V. , McAinch Andrew J. , Headrick John P. , Hryciw Deanne H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLinoleic acid (LA), an essential n-6 fatty acid (FA), is critical for fetal development. We investigated the effects of maternal high LA (HLA) diet on offspring cardiac development and its relationship to circulating FA and cardiovascular function in adolescent offspring, and the ability of the postnatal diet to reverse any adverse effects. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed low LA (LLA; 1·44 % energy from LA) or high LA (HLA; 6·21 % energy from LA) diets for 10 weeks before pregnancy and during gestation/lactation. Offspring, weaned at postnatal day 25, were fed LLA or HLA diets and euthanised at postnatal day 40 (n 6–8). Maternal HLA diet decreased circulating total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in females and decreased total plasma n-3 FA in males, while maternal and postnatal HLA diets decreased total plasma n-3 FA in females. α-Linolenic acid (ALA) and EPA were decreased by postnatal but not maternal HLA diets in both sexes. Maternal and postnatal HLA diets increased total plasma n-6 and LA, and a maternal HLA diet increased circulating leptin, in both male and female offspring. Maternal HLA decreased slopes of systolic and diastolic pressure–volume relationship (PVR), and increased cardiac Col1a1, Col3a1, Atp2a1 and Notch1 in males. Maternal and postnatal HLA diets left-shifted the diastolic PVR in female offspring. Coronary reactivity was altered in females, with differential effects on flow repayment after occlusion. Thus, maternal HLA diets impact lipids, FA and cardiac function in offspring, with postnatal diet modifying FA and cardiac function in the female offspring.
SINCE ORPHEUS WAS IN SHORT PANTS: REASSESSING OEAGRUS AT ARISTOPHANES, WASPS 579–80
Authors: Cowan Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn Aristophanes’ Wasps, Philocleon says that he and his fellow jurors do not acquit Oeagrus until he has recited a speech from the Niobe. Scholars have almost universally assumed that this was the name of a contemporary tragic actor, despite its extreme rarity. This article argues that the reference is rather to the father of Orpheus. As a figure from the generation before the archetypal bard, ‘an Oeagrus’ represents the old-fashioned poetry to which Philocleon and his fellow jurors are devoted.
Indigenous rhizobial strains SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107 for common bean inoculation: A biotechnological tool for cleaner and more sustainable agriculture
Authors: Lisboa Bruno Britto , Schmidt Thomas Müller , Thomé Arthur Henrique Ely , Sperotto Raul Antonio , Volpiano Camila Gazolla , de São Jose Jackson Freitas Brilhante , Vargas Luciano Kayser , Granada Camille Eichelberger 
Published: April 2021

SummaryInoculation of symbiotic N2-fixing rhizobacteria (rhizobia) in legumes is an alternative to reduce synthetic N fertiliser input to crops. Even though common bean benefits from the biological N2 fixation carried out by native rhizobia isolates, the low efficiency of this process highlights the importance of screening new strains for plant inoculation. Two rhizobial strains (SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107) previously showed great potential to improve the growth of common beans under greenhouse conditions. Thus, this study evaluated the growth and grain yield of common bean plants inoculated with those strains in field experiments. The rhizobial identification was performed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the phylogeny showed that SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107 are closely related to Rhizobium phaseoli, within a clade containing other 18 Rhizobium spp. type strains. Common bean plants inoculated with SEMIA 4107 showed similar productivity to N-fertilised (N+) plants in the first experiment (2016/17) and higher productivity in the second experiment (2018/19). The development of inoculated plants was different from that observed for N+. Nonetheless, comparing inoculated treatments with N-fertilised control, no yield or productivity losses at the end of the growing process were detected. Our results showed that inoculation of the rhizobial isolates SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107 improved the growth and grain yield of common bean plants. The observed agronomical performance confirms that both strains were effective and can sustain common bean growth without nitrogen fertilisation under the edaphoclimatic conditions of this study.
A systematic review of adherence to group interventions in psychosis: do people attend?
Authors: Sedgwick Ottilie , Hardy Amy , Newbery Katie , Cella Matteo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence supports the use of group therapy for symptom reduction and improving functioning in people with psychosis. However, research guidelines highlight the importance of establishing the feasibility of interventions. Adherence is an important indicator of feasibility and an essential step in supporting the development of the evidence base for group interventions. This review aims to estimate adherence, and possible barriers and facilitators, to psychotherapeutic groups in people with psychosis.MethodsEmbase, Ovid MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched for cross-referencing terms related to group therapy and psychosis. Studies were assessed against inclusion criteria and methodological quality was evaluated. Data wasextracted from each paper including the average session attendance, demographic, clinical, study and therapy-related characteristics and the impact of these on adherence levels evaluated.ResultsFifty-nine original research papers were included, reporting on 52 independent studies which consisted of 66 therapy groups comprised of 2109 participants. Average adherence was 76.4% (s.d. = 17.4). Adherence was improved by receiving incentives and was higher in participants of older age. Study sample size was inversely associated with adherence levels. Study quality was variable with approximately 61.5% found to be at risk of bias. The results support the feasibility of group therapy and suggest that adherence in people with psychosis is not dissimilar to those for people experiencing common mental health difficulties. These findings, alongside efficacy evidence, support the use of group interventions in people with psychosis but also highlight the need for further high-quality research on the efficacy for these approaches.
Efficacy of an integrative approach for bipolar disorder: preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Valls Èlia , Bonnín C. Mar , Torres Imma , Brat Mercè , Prime-Tous Mireia , Morilla Ivette , Segú Xavier , Solé Brisa , Torrent Carla , Vieta Eduard , Martínez-Arán Anabel , Reinares María , Sánchez-Moreno José 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) represents one of the most therapeutically complex psychiatric disorders. The development of a feasible comprehensive psychological approach to complement pharmacotherapy to improve its clinical management is required. The main objective of the present randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to test the efficacy of a novel adjunctive treatment entitled integrative approach in patients with BD, including: psychoeducation, mindfulness training, and functional remediation.MethodsThis is a parallel two-armed, rater-blind RCT of an integrative approach plus treatment as usual (TAU), v. TAU alone. Participants were recruited at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and randomized to one of the two conditions. They were assessed at baseline and after finishing the intervention. The main outcome variable included changes in psychosocial functioning assessed through the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST).ResultsAfter finishing the treatment, the repeated-measures analyses revealed a significant group × time interaction in favor of the patients who received the integrative approach (n = 28) compared to the TAU group (n = 37) (Pillai's trace = 0.10; F(1,57) = 6.9; p = 0.01), improving the functional outcome. Significant effects were also found in two out of the six domains of the FAST, including the cognitive domain (Pillai's trace = 0.25; F(1,57) = 19.1; p < 0.001) and leisure time (Pillai's trace = 0.11; F(1,57) = 7.15; p = 0.01). Regarding the secondary outcomes, a significant group × time interaction in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale changes was detected (Pillai's trace = 0.08; F(1,62) = 5.6; p = 0.02).ConclusionThis preliminary study suggests that the integrative approach represents a promising cost-effective therapy to improve psychosocial functioning and residual depressive symptoms in patients suffering from BD.
Governing Researchers through Public Involvement
Authors: KOMPOROZOS-ATHANASIOU ARIS , PAYLOR JONATHAN , MCKEVITT CHRISTOPHER 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on recent developments in UK health research policy, which place new pressures on researchers to address issues of accountability and impact through the implementation of patient and public involvement (PPI). We draw on an in-depth interview study with 20 professional researchers, and we analyse their experiences of competing for research funding, focusing on PPI as a process of professional research governance. We unearth dominant professional narratives of scepticism and alternative identifications in their enactment of PPI policy. We argue that such narratives and identifications evidence a resistance to ways in which patient involvement has been institutionalised and to the resulting subject-positions researchers are summoned to take up. We show that the new subjectivities emerging in this landscape of research governance as increasingly disempowered, contradictory and fraught with unresolved tensions over the ethical dimensions of the researchers’ own professional identities.
Maternal pre- and postnatal substance use and attachment in young children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hyysalo Noora , Gastelle Marissa , Flykt Marjo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMaternal substance use has often been associated with insecure and disorganized child attachment. We evaluated this association with a meta-analysis of young children and, further, systematically reviewed mediating and moderating factors between maternal substance use and child attachment. We performed a systematic database search of quantitative English language studies on child attachment that included substance-using mothers and their children below 6 years of age. Eleven studies (N = 1,841) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis of attachment security and seven (N = 1,589) studies were included in the meta-analysis of attachment disorganization. We found that maternal substance use was negatively associated with secure attachment in children, but the effect size was small (r = −.10). The association with disorganized attachment was not significant (r = .15). Related to moderating and mediating factors (k = 6), we found evidence on the role of teratogenic and sociological factors on child attachment. Most importantly, the impact of cumulative risks was vital. However, literature was scarce, and studies varied in risk of bias, leaving many unanswered questions on other potential factors underlying the development of attachment in these high-risk children. We discuss the results considering clinical implications and future directions.
Iron status in late pregnancy is inversely associated with birth weight in Colombia
Authors: Puerto Alejandra , Trojan Annabelle , Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson R , López-Saleme Rossana , Edna-Estrada Francisco , Alvarez Alvaro , Alvis-Guzman Nelson , Zakzuk Josefina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:Gestational anaemia (GA) is common in developing countries. This study assessed the relationship of late GA and negative perinatal outcomes in participants recruited in a reference maternity unit of the Caribbean region of Colombia.Design:Prospective analytical birth cohort study. Maternal Hb and serum ferritin (SF) levels were measured. GA was defined as Hb levels <6·82 mmol/l (<11 g/dl), SF depletion as SF levels <12 µg/l. Birth outcomes such as low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PB) and small for gestational age (SGA) were examined.Setting:Mothers in the first stage of labour, living in urban or rural areas of Bolívar, were enrolled in an obstetrical centre located in Cartagena, Colombia. Blood and stool samples were taken prior delivery. Maternal blood count, SF levels and infant anthropometric data were recorded for analysis.Participants:1218 pregnant women aged 18–42 years and their newborns.Results:Prevalence of GA and SF depletion was 41·6 % and 41·1 %, respectively. GA was positively associated with poverty-related sociodemographic conditions. Prenatal care attendance lowered the risk of PB, LBW and SGA. Birth weight was inversely associated with Hb levels, observing a −36·8 g decrease in newborn weight per 0·62 mmol/l (or 1 g/dl) of maternal Hb. SF depletion, but not anaemia, was associated with PB. SGA outcome showed a significant association with anaemia, but not a significant relationship with SF depletion.Conclusions:Birth weight and other-related perinatal outcomes are negatively associated with Hb and SF depletion. Prenatal care attendance reduced the risk of negative birth outcomes.
MOTHERHOOD AND THE MORAL LOAD
Authors: Callahan Laura Frances 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTMany of the decisions mothers face are morally intense. They're experienced as highly morally significant, and they are also often very morally complex, meaning that there aren't black-and-white, obvious answers to questions about what one morally may or must do. For example, I suggest that breastfeeding is complex in this way, despite a good deal of cultural pressure in favour of trying to do it. Acknowledging many of the decisions of motherhood as complex or as ‘grey areas’ is accurate, and also good for mums. But it also burdens mums with the responsibility of researching, discussing, thinking through, and ultimately making significant, complex moral decisions for themselves. I call this the moral load, taking inspiration from Emma's ‘mental load’. In the last section I consider what we could or should do to try to lessen the moral load as a burden on mums.
WRITING IN PHILOSOPHY: REPLY TO FREDERICK
Authors: Earp Brian D. 
Published: April 2021

Frederick (2021, see the preceding article) offers a critique of my writing tips aimed at undergraduate students coming to philosophy – and in many cases, essay writing – for the first time (Earp, 2021, in this volume) Frederick claims that most of my tips are good tips but characterizes two of them as bad tips, as follows:
Bad tip 1. Be very careful about making any universal claims (involving words such as ‘every’, ‘never’, ‘always’). Such a claim can be refuted by just a single counterexample. Do not leave yourself open to such refutation. Make a universal claim only if you are sure that there are no counterexamples.Bad tip 2. Pick a smaller, more narrow thesis and argue for it thoroughly rather than a more ambitious thesis for which you argue less thoroughly.
Circularly polarized high-power antenna with higher-order mode excitation
Authors: Varun Yadav Swati , Chittora Ashish 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA circularly polarized high-power antenna with higher-order mode excitation (TM01) is presented in this paper. The proposed structure consists of metal plates placed on the conical horn antenna's aperture for achieving TM01 to circular polarized TE11 mode conversion at the output. The structure is simulated on CST Microwave Studio. The designed antenna exhibits high gain and a directive radiation pattern. The axial ratio of the proposed structure is below 3 dB. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient for TM01 mode excitation is below −10 dB over a frequency range of 2.95–3.13 GHz. The structure is purely metallic, and the calculated high-power microwave (HPM) capability is up to the MW level. The proposed antenna is helpful for portable HPM systems.
Strain Localization in the Root of Detachment Faults at a Melt‐Starved Mid‐Ocean Ridge: A Microstructural Study of Abyssal Peridotites From the Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: Bickert M. , Cannat M. , Tommasi A. , Jammes S. , Lavier L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDetachment faults that exhume mantle peridotites to the seafloor play a major role in the accommodation of plate divergence at slow‐spreading ridges. Using 99 samples of partially serpentinized peridotites dredged from a nearly amagmatic segment of the eastern part of the Southwest Indian Ridge, we characterize the deformation processes active in the root zone of detachment fault systems. The deformation is heterogeneous even at the sample scale and combines both brittle and crystal‐plastic mechanisms. Strain localization is initially controlled by strength contrasts at the grain scale between olivine and orthopyroxene and between variably oriented olivine crystals. Orthopyroxene deformation is primarily brittle (microfractures), but kink bands and dynamic recrystallization are locally observed. In contrast, olivine deforms primarily by dislocation creep with dynamic recrystallization under high deviatoric stresses (80–270 MPa). Olivine grains poorly oriented to deform by dislocation glide display kink bands and localized microfractures. Dynamic recrystallization controlled by strain and stress concentrations produce anastomosing zones of grain size reduction (GSR). GSR zones contain limited late to post‐kinematic amphibole, suggesting the presence of small volumes of hydrous fluids. Plagioclase, when present, is post‐kinematic. This heterogeneous high‐stress deformation is observed, with variable intensity, in every sample investigated, suggesting that it was pervasively distributed in the root region of axial detachments. Abyssal peridotite samples from more magmatically robust slow mid‐ocean ridges do not show this pervasive high stress deformation microstructure, implying magma, when present, tends to localize most of the strain at the root of axial detachment systems.
Relationship Between the Locations of the Midlatitude Trough and Plasmapause Using GNSS‐TEC and Arase Satellite Observation Data
Authors: Shinbori Atsuki , Otsuka Yuichi , Tsugawa Takuya , Nishioka Michi , Kumamoto Atsushi , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Matsuda Shoya , Kasahara Yoshiya , Matsuoka Ayako 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRelationship between the locations of the midlatitude trough minimum in the ionosphere and plasmapause in the inner magnetosphere has been statistically investigated using global navigation satellite system (GNSS)‐total electron content (TEC) and electron density data obtained from the Arase satellite from March 23, 2017 to May 31, 2020. In this analysis, we identify the midlatitude trough minimum as a minimum value of GNSS‐TEC at subauroral and midlatitude regions, and determine the plasmapause as an electron density decrease by a factor of 5 or more within ΔL < 0.5 in the inner magnetosphere. As a result, the plasmapause does not always coincide with the midlatitude trough minimum in all magnetic local time (MLT) sectors under all geomagnetic conditions. During the geomagnetically quiet periods, the midlatitude trough minimum is located at higher and lower geomagnetic latitudes (GMLATs) of the plasmapause in the MLT ranges of 5–21 and 21–5 h, respectively. This implies that both the features could not be on the same magnetic field line. On the other hand, during the storm main phase, the midlatitude trough minimum and plasmapause move toward a low‐latitude region with day‐night and dawn‐dusk asymmetries and the correlation becomes highest, compared with that under other geomagnetic conditions. Especially, both the features mapped on the ionosphere at a height of 300 km exist near GMLAT in the afternoon‐midnight sectors. This suggests that the midlatitude trough and plasmapause are formed at almost the same location due to an enhanced subauroral polarization stream during the storm main phase.
Observations of Energized Electrons in the Martian Magnetosheath
Authors: Horaites K. , Andersson L. , Schwartz S. J. , Xu S. , Mitchell D. L. , Mazelle C. , Halekas J. , Gruesbeck J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis observational study demonstrates that the magnitude and location of energization of electrons in the Martian magnetosheath is more complex than previous studies suggest. Electrons in Mars's magnetosheath originate in the solar wind and are accelerated by an electric field when they cross the bow shock. Assuming that this acceleration is localized solely to the shock, the field‐aligned electron distributions in the sheath are expected to be highly asymmetric. However, such an asymmetry is not observed in this study. Based on the analysis here, it is suggested that an additional parallel acceleration takes place downstream of the Martian bow shock. This additional acceleration suppresses the expected asymmetry of the electron distribution. Consequently, along a flux tube in the magnetosheath that is tied on both ends to the bow shock the difference in energization between parallel and anti‐parallel electrons is less than about 20 eV. Where this energization difference is expected to be maximal, we find the energization difference to be at most ≲25% of the predicted value.