bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility assessment of dry pre-concentration for gold-bearing ore
Authors: Lebedev IF 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present research is intended to estimate efficiency of dry preconcentration of ores originated from Gurbey deposit, the Irkutsk Region, as a case study and to develop a rational flowsheet to process ores bearing free gold. The dry preconcentration of Gurbey gold-bearing ores is studied at semi-industrial equipment including DKD-300 combined impact crusher, CMBU-800 centrifugal mill, and POS-2000 pneumatic separator designed at Chersky Mining Institute of the North, SB RAS. The test specimen is subjected to two crushing cycles and four grinding cycles followed by the pneumatic separation cycle. The circulating load consisted of +12 mm fraction after DKD-300, the return mill feed is the sized product of +3 mm as well as products of classification of -3+1 mm POS-200 concentrate. The follow-on recleaning treatment of the preconcentrated products at tables, Moseley mineral analyser, magnetic separator, heavy-medium separator (tribromomethane CHBr3) yielded 23.93 g of free gold. Thereto, it is established that the complete release and recovery of gold up to 100 µm in size can be gained at POS-2000 pneumatic separator at 60% gold recovery into the primary concentrate. The present research data were used as the basis to develop the principal dry preconcentration scheme to process Gurbey ores, bearing “free” gold.
Solid mineral mining in the permafrost regions: Geoeconomy and Geotechnology
Authors: Tkach SM 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the review of geoeconomy and geotechnology of efficient solid mineral mining in the north and north-east of Russia. These areas feature harsh climate, predominant permafrost, vast areas of underdeveloped infrastructure and low population density, remoteness from processing and utilization hubs of produced minerals, high cost of goods and services, deficiency of skilled personnel, etc. The adverse and beneficial effects of the interior and exterior environment exert the direct and indirect influence on selection and adaptation of the existing and novel eco-friendly and efficient mining technologies, method and equipment to deposits in the permafrost regions. The authors describe some recent research findings of the Chersky Institute of Mining of the North, namely: integrated subsoil management in the permafrost region; thermophysics and geomechanics of permafrost rocks with regard to anthropogenic factors.
Reverse action hydraulic hammer control circuit
Authors: Danilov BB , Cheshchin DO 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the mode of functioning of the reverse action hydraulic hammer with piston driven in the positive direction by the energy of air compressed during cocking of the piston by the hydraulic drive. The authors discuss various control circuits of such hydraulic hammers, control sensors, capabilities of the circuits, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
ISCB Honors 2021 Award Recipients Peer Bork, Barbara Engelhardt, Ben Raphael, Teresa Attwood
Authors: Fogg Christiana , Kovats Diane , Vingron Martin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Annually, the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) recognizes three outstanding researchers for significant scientific contributions to the field of bioinformatics and computational biology, as well as one individual for exemplary service to the field. ISCB is honored to announce the 2021 Accomplishments by a Senior Scientist Awardee, Overton Prize recipient, Innovator Awardee and Outstanding Contributions to ISCB Awardee.
Peer Bork, EMBL Heidelberg, is the winner of the Accomplishments by a Senior Scientist Award. Barbara Engelhardt, Princeton University, is the Overton Prize winner. Ben Raphael, Princeton University, is the winner of the ISCB Innovator Award. Teresa Attwood, Manchester University, has been selected as the winner of the Outstanding Contributions to ISCB Award.
Martin Vingron, Chair, ISCB Awards Committee noted, ‘As chair of the Awards Committee it gives me great pleasure to convey my heart-felt congratulations to this year’s awardees. Our community, as represented by the committee, admires these individuals’ outstanding achievements in research, training, and outreach.’
Safeguarding People Living with Dementia: How Social Workers Can Use Supported Decision-Making Strategies to Support the Human Rights of Individuals during Adult Safeguarding Enquiries
Authors: Dixon Jeremy , Donnelly Sarah , Campbell Jim , Laing Judy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDementia may make adults more susceptible to abuse and neglect and such mistreatment is recognised as a human rights violation. This article focusses on how the rights of people living with dementia might be protected through the use of supported decision-making within safeguarding work. The article begins by reviewing the aims and scope of adult safeguarding services. It then describes how the concept of ‘legal capacity’ is set out in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and how this differs from the concept of ‘mental capacity’ in the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Focussing on practice in England, it is argued that tensions between the CRPD and domestic law exist, but these can be brought into closer alignment by finding ways to maximise supported decision-making within existing legal and policy frameworks. The article concludes with suggested practice strategies which involve: (i) providing clear and accessible information about safeguarding; (ii) thinking about the location of safeguarding meetings; (iii) building relationships with people living with dementia; (iv) using flexible timescales; (v) tailoring information to meet the needs of people living with dementia and (v) respecting the person’s will and preferences in emergency situations.
Circulating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccine Antigen Detected in the Plasma of mRNA-1273 Vaccine Recipients
Authors: Ogata Alana F , Cheng Chi-An , Desjardins Michaël , Senussi Yasmeen , Sherman Amy C , Powell Megan , Novack Lewis , Von Salena , Li Xiaofang , Baden Lindsey R , Walt David R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins were measured in longitudinal plasma samples collected from 13 participants who received two doses of mRNA-1273 vaccine. Eleven of 13 participants showed detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 protein as early as day 1 after first vaccine injection. Clearance of detectable SARS-CoV-2 protein correlated with production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA).
Analytical and Clinical Performance of a Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Measuring Gastrin Subtypes G34 and G17 in Serum
Authors: Yu Songlin , Wang Danchen , Ma Xiaoli , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sun Dandan , Zou Yutong , Yu Jialei , Zhang Fang , Yang Guohua , Xie Shaowei , Cheng Qian , Cheng Xinqi , Qiu Ling 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Two major forms of gastrin, gastrin-17 (G17) and gastrin-34 (G34), exist in blood. However, conventional immunoassay methods can only quantify total gastrin or G17 alone. Here, we aimed to establish a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method to quantify G17 and G34 simultaneously.

Methods
Serum samples were prepared by anion-exchange solid-phase extraction. The analytical performance of the LC–MS/MS method was validated and the method was compared to chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). The G17 and G34 concentrations in 245 serum samples from healthy controls, individuals with gastrinoma, and individuals with other diseases were analyzed.

Results
The total runtime of the LC–MS/MS method was 6 min. No substantial matrix effect was observed with internal standard correction. The intraassay coefficients of variation (CVs) for G17 and G34 were 4.0%–14.2% and 4.4%–10.4%, respectively, and total CVs were 5.2%–14.1% and 4.6%–12.4%, respectively. The correlation coefficient between LC–MS/MS and CLIA was 0.87, and between LC–MS/MS and RIA was 0.84. The G17+G34 concentrations for 87.5% of individuals with gastrinoma were higher than the 95th percentile of healthy controls (18.1 pg/mL), whereas the concentrations for individuals with other diseases and gastrinoma overlapped. Based on the Youden indices calculated for G17+G34, G34, and G17, the most specific biomarker was G17 (96.9% clinical specificity at 209.8 pg/mL) for gastrinoma.

Conclusions
This method should aid in the diagnosis of diseases associated with increased gastrin concentrations.
The Politics of Experimental Translation: Potentialities and Preoccupations
Authors: Robert-Foley Lily 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, I will attempt to sketch out a translation practice that runs counter to conventional ideas about translation, which I theorize as ‘experimental translation’. I will first try, and perhaps fail, to situate a definition of experimental translation, to delimit the borders of what might fall into this category; as we shall see, it is a problematic one. Experimental translation opposes itself to the norms, the doxa of current translation practices. But what norms? Whose translation practice? Situating norms is obviously a fluid and problematic, culturally specific activity. Examining what is opposed to these norms serves to accentuate this. And what are the political implications of this opposition, if there are any? To what extent is translation and, in particular, experimental translation a space where justice is negotiated? Lastly, I will discuss the politics of the translator’s voice. Much attention has historically been given to the politics of the voice of the author, in particular to either debunking its transcendent quality or critiquing the dynamics of whose voice gets heard and whose does not. Translation very often is inflected with political or ethical aims, a desire to right wrongs in the original or to intervene in the landscape of authority and canon formation. What does this imply for the role the translator’s voice plays in experimental translation, in how it appears, or does not? Can experimental translation hope to achieve utopian dreams?
Influence of realistic rheological properties on the style of mantle convection: roles of dynamic friction and depth-dependence of rheological properties
Authors: Nakagawa Takashi , Karato Shun-ichiro 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARY
In order to generate plate tectonics, the near surface layer should not be too strong, but the causes for not-so-strong near surface layer remains unclear. We conduct mantle convection modelling in the spherical geometry to investigate the influence of the strength of the near surface layer. We explore a range of friction coefficients including the static high friction coefficient (∼0.6) as well as the reduced friction coefficients by fast fault motion in earthquakes. When the friction coefficient is low enough (&lt;0.03), the surface layer is yielded by the convective stress, and the style of mantle convection appears the mobile-lid mode (plate tectonics style of convection). This style is relevant for the Earth where fault motion is unstable because of the low surface temperature. In contrast, for a high friction coefficient, the surface layer is too strong, generating the stagnant-lid mode. This case corresponds to Venus where fault motion is stable because of high surface temperature. Our calculations show that, in plate tectonic style of convection, the mantle convection is likely to be more vigorous, inducing the high convective stress that helps the operation of plate tectonics. In contrast, when stagnant-lid mode of convection appears, the convective vigor is likely to be low, inducing the low convective stress. Therefore, in each case, the interplay between the surface strength and convective stress tends to maintain the same mode of convection in a self-consistent way. We also investigate the relationship between mantle temperature and heat flux for two different modes of convection upon a change in friction coefficient. We found that the heat flow associated with mobile lid convection caused by low friction is less sensitive to the mantle temperature compared to a conventional mantle convection model, where the heat flow is highly sensitive to mantle temperature. This provides a possible mechanism to solve the thermal runaway paradox.
Nuclear heterogeneity is prevalent in high-quality fractionated human sperm cells typically used for assisted conception
Authors: Ogle R A , Netherton J , Schneider E , Velkov T , Zhang H , Cole N , Hetherington L , Villaverde A I S B , Baker M A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSTUDY QUESTIONWhat is the nuclear heterogeneity of high-density purified human spermatozoa typically used for IVF purposes.SUMMARY ANSWERThe data show that while density gradient separation has improved the overall sperm population, there is still a large degree of nuclear heterogeneity within these cells.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYChromomycin A3 (CMA3) is an important DNA binding fluorochrome for the assessment of male-factor fertility. It is typically used to predict IVF outcomes on entire sperm ejaculates with very high receiver operating characteristic. Here we used CMA3 to characterise typical populations of human spermatozoa that would be used for IVF purposes after density gradient separation.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONWe compared the intensity of CMA3 binding within high-dense sperm populations obtained from men. Binding heterogeneity was confirmed through fluorescence microscopy and FACS analysis independently. We also looked at CMA3 staining directly with head morphology in this sperm population. Finally, we looked at electron micrographs of nuclear heterogeneity (vacuoles, chromatin compaction) of spermatozoa following density gradient sorting of CMA3-stained cells.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSWe used sperm donors who had fathered one or more children. Semen was collected after 2 days abstinence and purified over Percoll gradients. Only the high-quality spermatozoa, the same used for assisted conception, were then used. Cells were stained with CMA3 and sorted using FACS. Following this, electron micrographs were used to assess nuclear heterogeneity of CMA3-dependent sorted spermatozoa.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCECMA3 staining occurs within morphologically normal as well as abnormal spermatozoa. High-intensity CMA3-stained sperm possessed large vacuoles that were not seen in the low-CMA3 population. In addition, the high-CMA3 stained cells possess higher amounts of nuclear granulation.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONThe present study only describes the issues within the chromatin of these cells and does not suggest an alternate selection technique.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSCMA3 is one of the better reported prognostic assays in predicting pregnancy outcomes, especially in cases where the male is at fault. However, it is clear that even in fractionated populations of human spermatozoa, there are sperm cells that are morphologically normal yet possess high levels of CMA3 staining and chromatin granulation. The implication of this is that the embryologist, whom selects on the basis of sperm morphology, may choose a cell with poor chromatin, which may lead to poor embryo outcomes.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)The project was funded by the National Health and Medical Research council, APP1118943. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERN/A.
Granulomas in Diagnostic Biopsies Associated With High Risk of Crohn’s Complications—But May Be Preventable
Authors: Lawrence Lindsey S , Heider Amer , Singer Andrew A M , Neef Haley C , Adler Jeremy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundGranulomatous intestinal inflammation may be associated with aggressive Crohn’s disease (CD) behavior. However, this has not been confirmed, and it is unknown if associated disease complications are preventable.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort of patients younger than 21 years at CD diagnosis (November 1, 2005 to November 11, 2015). Clinical information was abstracted, including dates of starting medications and the timing of perianal fistula or stricture development, if any. Diagnostic pathology reports were reviewed, and a subset of biopsy slides were evaluated by a blinded pathologist. Patients were excluded if perianal fistula or stricture developed within 30 days after CD diagnosis. Medications were included in analyses only if started &gt;90 days before development of perianal fistula or stricture.ResultsIn total, 198 patients were included. Half (54%) had granulomas at diagnosis. Granulomas were associated with a greater than 3-fold increased risk of perianal fistula (hazard ration [HR] = 3.24; 95% confidence interval CI], 1.40–7.48). Immunomodulator and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF) therapy were associated with 90% (HR, = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03–0.42) and 98% (HR, = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01–0.10) reduced risk of perianal fistula, respectively. Patients with granulomatous inflammation preferentially responded to anti-TNF therapy with reduced risk of perianal fistula. The presence of granulomas was not associated with risk of stricture. Immunomodulator and anti-TNF therapy were associated with 96% (HR, = 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01–0.22) and 94% (HR, = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.02–0.20) reduced risk of stricture, respectively.ConclusionsGranulomas are associated with increased risk of perianal fistula but not stricture. Steroid sparing therapies seem to reduce the risk of both perianal fistula and stricture. For those with granulomas, anti-TNF-α therapy greatly reduced the risk of perianal fistula development, whereas immunomodulators did not.
Wing Shape in Waterbirds: Morphometric Patterns Associated with Behavior, Habitat, Migration, and Phylogenetic Convergence
Authors: Baumgart Stephanie L , Sereno Paul C , Westneat Mark W 
Published: May 2021

Synopsis
Wing shape plays a critical role in flight function in birds and other powered fliers and has been shown to be correlated with flight performance, migratory distance, and the biomechanics of generating lift during flight. Avian wing shape and flight mechanics have also been shown to be associated with general foraging behavior and habitat choice. We aim to determine if wing shape in waterbirds, a functionally and ecologically diverse assemblage united by their coastal and aquatic habitats, is correlated with various functional and ecological traits. We applied geometric morphometric approaches to the spread wings of a selection of waterbirds to search for evolutionary patterns between wing shape and foraging behavior, habitat, and migratory patterns. We found strong evidence of convergent evolution of high and low aspect ratio wing shapes in multiple clades. Foraging behavior also consistently exhibits strong evolutionary correlations with wing shape. Habitat, migration, and flight style, in contrast, do not exhibit significant correlation with wing shape in waterbirds. Although wing shape is critical to aerial flight function, its relationship to habitat and periodic locomotor demands such as migration is complex.
Acute limb ischemia due to ONYX 34 migration during embolization of a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery
Authors: Calugi G , Dorigo W , Capone A , Esposito D , Giacomelli E , Pratesi C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pseudo-aneurysms of the arteries of the lower limbs are a possible complication of leg trauma. Complications include rupture, infection, pain and distal embolization. This is a case of a 24-year-old man hospitalized after a car accident, in which we discovered a 1-cm large pseudo-aneurysm of the right superficial femoral artery. The pseudo-aneurysm in first place was treated by the interventional-radiologist for an endovascular repair by embolization with ONYX 34, but during the procedure the copolymer embolized in the arterial axe with complete obstruction of blood-flow in the lower limb. An urgent open surgical revascularization was then attempted by our team with the result of complete patency of the femoro-popliteal axis and of the tibial vessels. Embolization with ONYX is an effective and safe method, but it is susceptible to this type of complication for larger pseudo-aneurysms, where it is required an introduction of a larger quantity of polymer.
Tomato fruit quality traits and metabolite content are affected by reciprocal crosses and heterosis
Authors: Fortuny Agustina P , Bueno Rodrigo A , Pereira da Costa Javier H , Zanor María Inés , Rodríguez Gustavo R 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHeterosis occurs when the F1s outperform their parental lines for a trait. Reciprocal hybrids are obtained by changing the cross direction of parental genotypes. Both biological phenomena could affect the external and internal attributes of fleshy fruits. This work aimed to detect reciprocal effects and heterosis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit quality traits and metabolite content. Twelve agronomic traits and 28 metabolites identified and estimated by 1H-NMR were evaluated in five cultivars grown in two environments. Given that the genotype component was more important than the phenotype, the traits were evaluated following a full diallel mating design among those cultivars, in a greenhouse. Hybrids showed a higher phenotypic diversity than parental lines. Interestingly, the metabolites, mainly amino acids, displayed more reciprocal effects and heterosis. Agronomic traits were more influenced by general combining ability (GCA) and metabolites by specific combining ability (SCA). Furthermore, the genetic distance between parental lines was not causally related to the occurrence of reciprocal effects or heterosis. Hybrids with heterosis and a high content of metabolites linked to tomato flavour and nutritious components were obtained. Our results highlight the impact of selecting a cultivar as male or female in a cross to enhance the variability of fruit attributes through hybrids as well as the possibility to exploit heterosis for fruit composition.
Magnetic activity and age estimation of red giants using neural networks
Authors: Lu Hong-peng , Karoff Christoffer , Zhang Li-yun 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
In this work, we analysed the magnetic activity of 5349 Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) low-dispersion spectra of 3539 red giants by calculating equivalent width (EW) of magnetic activity lines (H α, H β, H γ, H δ, $\rm{Ca~{ii} H\&K}$, $\rm{Ca~{ii} IRT}$). Combining LAMOST spectral parameters, asteroseismic parameters, and EWs of the magnetic activity lines, an attempt was made to estimate the age of red giants using neural networks. By using the neural networks to select the input parameters, we get the best age estimation of the red giants with the input parameters ‘Teff’, ‘[Fe/H]’, ‘log g’, ‘νmax’, and ‘Δν’, which is in line with expectations. The average value of the relative error between the estimated age and the isochronous age is 22.4 per cent. The age estimation was not improved by adding the EWs of more magnetic activity lines. This indicates that the EWs of these spectral lines are not directly related to the age of the red giants. The reason for this might be that the dynamo operating in the outer layers of the red giants has shut off at the end of core-hydrogen-burning. The absence of emission in all the magnetic activity lines of the 5349 LAMOST spectra also confirms this conclusion. In addition, the results indicate that the EWs of the magnetic activity lines are more related to the effective temperature, which is also in line with expectations.