bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Papuan Nationalism Within The Framework of Indonesian Nationalism
Authors: Soetjipto Ani Widyani , Yunazwardi Muhammad Iqbal 
Published: April 2021

Kekerasan, diskriminasi, dan rasisme masih menjadi isu besar yang dihadapi masyarakat Papua sejak Indonesia merdeka dan bergabungnya Papua ke dalam wilayah Indonesia. Analisis fenomena ini dapat ditarik ke berbagai macam aspek. Salah satu aspek penting yang menentukan eksistensi sebuah negara adalah aspek nasionalisme. Dalam kerangka negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa eksistensi nasionalisme Papua tetap hadir dan hidup, sekalipun nasionalisme Indonesia tetap menjadi bagian penting dalam menjaga pilar berbangsa dan bernegara Indonesia. Tulisan ini berusaha mendiskusikan kembali bagaimana posisi nasionalisme Indonesia terhadap masyarakat Papua dan sebaliknya. Pertanyaan yang ingin dijawab dalam penelitian ini adalah, apakah identitas bangsa Papua merupakan bagian dari identitas kebangsaan Indonesia? atau kepapuaan justru bagian yang terpisah dari nasionalisme Indonesia? Dengan menggunakan pisau analisis nasionalisme dari Indonesianis Benedict Anderson, artikel ini membahas bagaimana diskursus nasionalisme yang berkembang mampu menjawab tantangan nasionalisme ganda yang terjadi di Indonesia dalam isu Papua. Upaya ini juga akan mempertegas pertanyaan penting dalam penelitian ini, yaitu bagaimanakah membangun ide Papua dalam kerangka nasionalisme Indonesia.Kata-kata kunci: Nasionalisme Indonesia, Nasionalisme Papua, Benedict Anderson, Nasionalisme, identitasViolence, discrimination and racism have remained to be major issues faced by Papuans ever since the independence of Indonesia and the inclusion of Papua in Indonesia’s territory until today. This phenomenon can be seen through various aspects. One of those is the determinant aspect of a country’s existence: nationalism. Within the framework of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia, the existence of Papuan nationalism is undeniably still present and alive, even though Indonesian nationalism is the central one in maintaining the pillars of the Indonesian nation and state. This article discusses how Indonesian nationalism positions Papuan people, and vice versa. Furthermore, this article questions whether the Papuan identity is a part of Indonesia’s. The discussion of this article focuses on the developing nationalism discourse, in the hope to overcome the ‘double-nationalism’ in Indonesia when it comes to Papua’s issue, by using Benedict Anderson’s concept of nationalism. Finally, this article addresses a crucial question, which is how to develop the Papuan idea within the framework of Indonesian nationalism.Keywords: Indonesian Nationalism, Papuan Nationalism, Benedict Anderson, Nationalism, identity
POLYMORPHISM VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENE (VDR) BSMI (RS1544410) CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS PATIENT IN JAVANESE BANYUMAS ETHNIC
Authors: Purnama Ryana Budi , Logamarta Setiadi Warata , Dhartono Agung 
Published: April 2021

Background: Chronic periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition of periodontal tissue, can occur due to microorganisms as a local factor and genetic as a systemic factor. Genetic factors that cause chronic periodontitis, namely mutations in the form of a gene that functions to regulate calcium homeostasis, which is called the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. Mutated VDR gene causing different effect in a population and ethnic groups, including Javanese Banyumas Ethnic. Purpose: To understand the genotype distribution and VDR BsmI (rs1544410) gene allotype frequency chronic periodontitis patient in Javanese Banyumas Ethnic. Method: The research was descriptive research in the form of a cross-sectional study of 26 chronic periodontitis patients in the Javanese Banyumas tribe. The samples obtained were carried out by the process of DNA isolation, Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and data in the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) Court Lab analysis. Result: Whole samples from DNA isolation amplificated with one ribbon 524 bp VDR gene. RFLP restriction enzyme Bsml process is also showing cutting in each sample. From data analysis, X2 is 0,44 with p=0,50 (p>0,05) resulted. It was showing mutant VDR gene allele frequency in chronic periodontitis patients in Javanese Banyumas ethnic were balanced genetically. Conclusion: Genotype distribution in chronic periodontitis patient in Javanese Banyumas ethnic were 20 (76,9%) GG (bb) genotype, 6 (23,1%) GA (Bb) genotype, and 0 (0%) AA (BB) genotype with alel G (b) (wild type) allele frequency 0,88 (88%) and A allele (B or mutant) 0,12 (12%).
ADDITION OF RICE HUSK NANOCELLULOSE TO THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF RESIN BASE HEAT CURED
Authors: Hasran Muhammad Aditya Ramadhan , Imam Dian Noviyanti Agus , Sunendar Bambang 
Published: April 2021

Background: One of the materials for denture bases is heat-cured acrylic resin (PMMA). This material still lacks impact strength as a mechanical strength property. The addition of reinforcing material is known to increase the mechanical strength of PMMA. One of the reinforcing materials added to PMMA is nano cellulose from rice husks, one of the wastes from agricultural products. Purpose: This study aims to determine rice husk nano cellulose's addition to the PMMA denture base's impact strength. Method: The research sample consisted of six groups, each group consisting of 8 samples selected by simple random. The PI, P2, P3, P4, P5, and K groups were PMMA with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% nano cellulose, and without nano cellulose. Result: Mean impact strength test results were 41.50 x 10-3 ± 3.891 J / mm2 for P1, 44.13 x 10-3 ± 3,980 J / mm2 for P2, 45.63 x 10-3 ± 4,438 J / mm2 for P3, 46.87 x 10-3 ± 4,824 J / mm2 for P4, 49.12 x 10-3 ± 4.016 J / mm2 for P5 and 36.25 x 10-3 ± 1.982 J / mm2 for K. One way Anova test results with p-value of 0.000 indicates differences in the six groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that the impact strength value of PMMA with the addition of rice husk nano cellulose has increased compared to the control group without the addition of rice husk nano cellulose.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF CROSS INFECTION AT DENTAL LABORATORIES IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE OF INDONESIA
Authors: Inayati Eny , Indiani Sri Redjeki , Gofur Nanda Rachmad Putra 
Published: April 2021

Background: infectious disease is one major important health issue. Dental technician is an occupation which has a risk to get infectious disease transmitted from saliva, blood or contaminated tools if universal precaution utensils did not use properly. Infection can be transferred through dental impression from surface contact, handpiece, burs, pumice, aerosol etc. Purpose: This study aim to find out desinfection implementation in dental laboratories located in East Java as a preventive and controlling action towards cross infection. Method: Data were obtained through questionnaire, the questionnaires were designed to get the information related to infection control from dental laboratories in East Java. The survey was conducted in 36 dental laboratories listed by Association of Dental Technician in East Java. Result: As much as 90% dental laboratories did not performed desinfection procedure to the dental impression received from dentist and never follow any desinfection training. AS much as 95% Dental laboratories believe universal precaution utensils can be infected but only 50% utilize universal precaution utensils. Eventhough if such infection occurs, the owner will be fully responsible. Conclusion: Prevention and management towards cross infection control in dental laboratories located in East Java still very low. Development and supervision towards dental laboratories operational by Indonesian government and professional association need to be improved. Education regarding infection control need to be performed through trainings and inserted infection control matters in dental technician study programme curriculum in Indonesia.
Analysis of smallholder farmers’ vulnerability to climate change and variability in south Wollo, north east highlands of Ethiopia: An agro-ecological system-based approach
Authors: Mohammed Yimer , Tesfaye Kindie , Tadesse Menfese , Yimer Fantaw 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Climate change and variability has been significantly affecting the Ethiopian agricultural production and thereby smallholder farmers livelihoods. The level of vulnerability varied across agro-ecological zones (AEZs). Identification of difference in the level of vulnerability of a system is important in selecting appropriate and effective adaption options to climate change. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the level of vulnerability of agricultural communities to climate change and variability at micro-scale level in five agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of south Wollo, north east highlands of Ethiopia. Data was collected from a representative of 502 sample households from five AEZs through multi stage random sampling methods. Focus group discussion and key informant interviews were also carried out to supplement and substantiate the quantitative data. The indicator based approach was used to empirically calculate vulnerability. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to give weight for indicators and generate index of vulnerability contributing factors. Results: The results showed that each of the vulnerability contributing factors (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) varied across the AEZs. M3, SM2 and SM3 are the most exposed AEZs but having a relatively better adaptive capacity whereas M1, M2 and M3 are the most sensitive AEZs with relatively low adaptive capacity to climate variability and change. Overall, SM2 is the most vulnerable AEZ which exhibited high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity followed by M1. Conclusions: The study explored sources and levels of vulnerability to each agro-ecology. Since the study is conducted at micro-scale level, it helps decision makers and development partners to have context-specific understanding of the impact of climate change and variability and design appropriate adaptation measures to address the specific situations.
Genetic Effects on Longitudinal Cognitive Decline During the Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Kumar Atul , Shoai Maryam , Palmqvist Sebastian , Stomrud Erik , Hardy John , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Hansson Oskar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Cognitive decline in early-stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may depend on genetic variability.
Methods

In the Swedish BioFINDER study, we used polygenic scores (PGS) (for AD, intelligence and educational attainment), and genetic variants (in a genome-wide association study [GWAS]) to predict longitudinal cognitive change (measured by MMSE) over a mean of 4.2 years. We included 555 β-amyloid (Aβ) negative cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, 206 Aβ-positive CU (preclinical AD), 110 Aβ-negative mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 146 Aβ-positive MCI patients (prodromal AD).
Results

Polygenic scores for AD (in Aβ-positive individuals) and intelligence (independent of Aβ-status) were associated with cognitive decline. Eight genes were associated with cognitive decline in GWAS (3 independent of Aβ-status).
Conclusions

AD risk genes may influence cognitive decline in early AD, while genes related to intelligence may modulate cognitive decline irrespective of disease. Therapies targeting the implicated biological pathways may modulate the clinical course of AD.
On the Determination of Groundwater Level using Temporal and Spatial Parameters: Advanced Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Najafabadipour Amirhossein , Kamali Gholamreza , Nezamabadi-pour Hossein 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Prediction of groundwater level is a useful tool for managing groundwater resources in the mining area. Water resources management requires identifying potential periods for groundwater drainage to prevent groundwater from entering the mine pit and reduce high costs. For this purpose, four multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network models and four cascade forward (CF) neural network models optimized with Bayesian Regularization (BR), Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), Resilient Backpropagation (RB), and Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG), as well as a radial basis function (RBF) neural network model and a generalized regression (GR) neural network model were developed to predict groundwater level using 1377 data point. This data set includes 12 spatial parameters divided into two categories of sediments and bedrock, and besides, 6 time series parameters have been used. Also, to determine the best models and combine them, 165 extra validation data points have been used. After identifying the best models from the three candidate models with lower average absolute relative error (AARE) value, the committee machine intelligence system (CMIS) model has been developed. The proposed CMIS model predicts groundwater level data with high accuracy with an AARE value of less than 0.11%. Also, the proposed model was compared with ten other models through graphical and statistical error analysis. The results show that the developed CMIS model performs better than other existing models in terms of precision and validity range. The relevancy factor indicates that the electrical resistivity of sediments had the highest effect on the groundwater level. Eventually, the quality of the data used was investigated both statistically and graphically, and the results show satisfactory reliability of the data used.
Geometric Accuracy and Mechanical Behavior of Polymer-Based Composite Curved Tubes produced by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)
Authors: Boumedine Asma , Benfriha Khaled , Ahmadifar Mohammad , Lecheb Samir , SHIRINBAYAN Mohammadali , Tcharkhtchi Abbas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to assess and characterize the effect of processing parameters including infill pattern and reinforcement type on the dimensional accuracy of products manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process as well as on the mechanical properties of the printed components. The reinforcements used were carbon, Kevlar and glass fibers supplied by MarkForged®; they were utilized to manufacture the PA6 matrix composite. The mechanical properties of the stated composites were compared. Finally, the results obtained confirmed that the selection of the appropriate type of the reinforcements and infill patterns among the several available types during the printing process is effective in improving the mechanical properties and also in providing a better geometrical quality of the surfaces and the consequent dimensional precision improvement of the parts printed by FFF process.
Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on endOthelial function in eLDerly with sleep apnea (HOLD): study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Silva Letícia Maria Tedesco , Cortes Antonio , Rossi Beatriz , Boll Liliana , Waclawovsky Gustavo , Eibel Bruna , Goncalves Sandro , Irigoyen Maria Claudia , Martinez Denis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sleep apnea and coronary artery disease are prevalent and relevant diseases. The mechanism by which sleep apnea leads to coronary artery disease remains unclear. Intermittent hypoxia, caused by sleep apnea, leads to inflammation and consequent endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction precedes the development of atherosclerotic disease and the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Agents that potentially act to improve endothelial function can help prevent cardiovascular events. Patients using immunomodulators due to rheumatic diseases have a lower prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. However, the potential cardio protective effect of these drugs in patients without autoimmune diseases is not clear. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an immunomodulator used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, HCQ reduces cholesterol and blood glucose levels and has antithrombotic effects. The drug is inexpensive and widely available. Adverse effects of HCQ are rare and occur more frequently with high doses.OBJECTIVE: In this randomized clinical trial, the effect of HCQ treatment on endothelial function will be tested in seniors with sleep apnea.METHODS: We will recruit participants over the age of 65 and with moderate-severe sleep apnea from an ongoing cohort. We chose to use this sample already evaluated for sleep apnea for reasons of convenience, but also because the elderly with sleep apnea are vulnerable to heart disease. Endothelial function will be assessed by examining flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, the gold standard method, considered an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in the general population and by peripheral arterial tonometry, the most recent and most easily obtained method. Hydroxychloroquine will be used at a dose of 400 mg/daily for eight weeks.DISCUSSION: Our study aim to obtain evidence, albeit preliminary, of the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in improving endothelial function and reducing cardiovascular risk markers. If the improvement occurs, we plan to design a randomized multicenter clinical trial to confirm the findings.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04161339
Evaluation of Neurological Complications in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study 2020
Authors: Khazaei Mojtaba , Feizy Fatemeh , Khazaei Salman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: The coronavirus (COVID-19) has been spreading around the world since December 2019. Neurological symptoms have been reported as a part of the clinical spectrum of the disease. This study aimed to determine the frequency of neurological complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Methods: Electronic medical records in the hospital information system, laboratory findings, and radiological examinations were evaluated for all patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The cases were referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital affiliated to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences from February 20, 2020 to the end of the same year.Results: A total of 477 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included in the analyses. Based on our results, 105 (22.02%) patients showed neurological manifestations. Ischemic stroke, decreased consciousness, and headache were the most frequent reported neurological symptoms with the rate of 34 (7.13%), 28 (5.88%), and13 (2.72%), respectively. Moreover, 54 (51.43%) cases were male, and the vast majority of the patients (66; 62.86%) had more than 60 years of age. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 may involve nervous system and cause brain tissue damage. The findings of this study provide more information on coronavirus disease, contributing to effective interventions for the control of the disease
Enhancement of Waste Foundry Sand Mechanical Properties Through Stabilization Using Slag Based Geopolymer Binder
Authors: Sithole Thandiwe , Mashifana Tebogo , Tsotetsi Nelson 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is of paramount importance to minimize carbon emission generated from production of major building and construction materials used worldwide such as bricks and Ordinary Portland cement to achieve sustainability requirements. In this paper, the binding properties of the synthesized granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) geopolymers were assessed by developing eco-friendly waste foundry sand bricks. Four different mix designs were prepared by blending GBFS based geopolymer binder with aggregates (waste foundry sand and crushed stones). The amount of GBFS geopolymer binder was varied from 0 to 40 %. The developed specimens were evaluated for mechanical properties, durability, structural performance, and environmental impact. The specimens synthesised with 40 % GBFS geopolymer binder at a L/ S ratio of 15 % and cured at 80 ℃ achieved the highest UCS of 12 MPa. The results showed that the developed specimens are acid resistant which suggest that they can be used in corrosive environments and do not pose any threat of environmental pollution for long-term use. In conclusion, GBFS-based geopolymers can be used as binders to fabricate building bricks that meet the minimum requirement of ASTM C62-10 that can be used in negligible weathering conditions.
Anti-Erosion Efficiency of Stands Installed On Degraded Land
Authors: Moldovan Mircea Cristian , Ioan Tăut , Marcel Dîrja 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The naturally present erosion phenomenon has been active throughout the geological eras, shaping the land surface to date. Today, this phenomenon causes significant damage to the environment and human activities.In the geographical conditions of Romania, where the sloping land represents up to 67% of the national territory and supported by a complex number of natural factors, as well as the intense human interventions from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, the vegetation and soils face serious ecological imbalances. The afforestation of degraded lands gained momentum after 1948, and the most used species were pines, especially black pine and Scots pine.Methods: In order to achieve the proposed objectives regarding the evaluation of stands in terms of anti-erosion effectiveness, were analyzed the consistency of trees, the number of trees on the surface, the weight of the seedlings, and surface runoff, from the perspective of rainfall and soil retention.Results: Analyzing the influence of rain intensity, respectively 39% in compartment 49, 38% in 73 and ground retention on surface runoff, being 28% in both compartments, it results that the two parameters directly influence surface runoff. Thus, it can be stated that indirectly surface runoff is influenced by the consistency of the stands, by the degree of proximity of the crowns, which directly influence the intensity of rain and the number of trees and the vegetation that grows under them directly influences the retention in the soil through the litter that is formed, which promotes retention.Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that indirectly surface runoff is influenced by the consistency of the tree, by the degree of proximity of the crowns, which directly influence the intensity of rain.Also, the number of trees and the vegetation that grows under them directly influences the retention in the soil through the litter that is formed, which promotes retention and by creating areas that reduce the speed of water, favoring infiltration into the soil.
USP8 Status Affects the Immune Landscape of Corticotroph Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Greidinger Dahlia , Mor-Cohen Ronit , Zemet Roni , Maixner Nitzan , Tirosh Amit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Activating somatic mutations in ubiquitin-specific protease-8 (USP8), encoding a deubiquitinating protein, are found in approximately 30% of corticotroph-derived pituitary adenomas (CPA). USP8 has immunomodulating properties that were demonstrated in non-tumoral diseases. Our study aims to assess the influence of USP8 mutation status on the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) of CPAs.
Methods

We analyzed 20 PCAs by RNA sequencing. In six of them, USP8 mutations were detected. We assessed the immune landscape of tumors by quantifying 22 immune cell types based on the CIBERSORT transcriptome signature-recognition algorithms. Also, we performed a pathway analysis for genes that were differentially expressed between groups using the Wikipathways 2019 and Reactome 2016 databases and using the EnrichR platform results.
Results

CPA with activating USP8 mutations were associated with "cold" iTME compared with wild type USP8 CPA. This "cold" iTME was reflected by lower fractions of B cells, CD4, regulatory and gamma/delta T cells, natural killer cells, M0 and M1 macrophages, dendritic cells and eosinophils (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Pathways altered by the presence of USP8 mutation, based on the most differentially expressed genes (3,061 genes) included Microglia Pathogen Phagocytosis and multiple toll-like receptor signaling pathways (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion

USP8 status affects the immune landscape of corticotroph pituitary adenomas, with USP8 mutation associated with "cold" iTME.