bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiomyocyte protective effects of thyroid hormone during hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through activating of IGF‐1‐mediated PI3K/Akt signalling
Authors: Zeng Bin , Liu Lei , Liao Xiaoting , Zhang Caixia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIschaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical condition that results in apoptosis and oxidative stress injury. Thyroid hormone was previously reported to elicit cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and promote cardiac function after cardiac injury. We used an in vivo mouse model of I/R injury and in vitro primary cardiomyocyte culture assays to investigate the effects of thyroid hormone on cardiomyocytes during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. The results showed that T3 pretreatment in vivo significantly improved left ventricular function after I/R injury. In vitro, T3 pretreatment decreased cell apoptosis rate, inhibited caspase‐3 activity and decreased the Bax/Bcl‐2 ration induced by H/R injury. T3 pretreatment significantly attenuated the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, it was observed that T3 diminished the expression of NCX1 protein and decreased SERCA2a protein expression in H/R‐induced cardiomyocytes, and T3 prevented intracellular Ca2+ increase during H/R injury. Also, T3 increased the expression of IGF‐1, and PI3K/Akt signalling in cardiomyocytes under H/R‐induced injury, and that the protective effect of T3 against H/R‐induced injury was blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) inhibitor GSK1904529A significantly inhibited the expression of IGF‐1R and PI3K/Akt signalling. In summary, T3 pretreatment protects cardiomyocytes against H/R‐induced injury by activating the IGF‐1‐mediated PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
Brain activity during facial processing in autism spectrum disorder: an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies
Authors: Costa Cristiano , Cristea Ioana Alina , Dal Bò Elisa , Melloni Caterina , Gentili Claudio 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThough aberrant face processing is a hallmark of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), findings on accompanying brain activity are divergent. Therefore, we conducted an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis of studies examining brain activity during face processing.MethodsWe searched PubMed and PsycINFO using combinations of terms as ‘fMRI’, ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’, ‘Face Perception’. Eligible studies reported on DSM‐diagnosed ASD individuals, compared to controls (HC), using face stimuli presented in fMRI and reporting whole‐brain analysis coordinates. We compared two approaches: ‘convergence of differences’ (primary analysis) using study‐level coordinates from ASD vs. HC contrasts, and ‘differences in convergence’ (secondary) pooling coordinates within each group separately, and contrasting the resultant ALE maps.ResultsThirty‐five studies (655 ASD and 668 HC) were included. Primary analysis identified a cluster in amygdala/parahippocampus where HC showed greater convergence of activation. Secondary analysis yielded no significant results.ConclusionsResults suggest that ASD dysfunction in face processing relies on structures involved in emotional processing rather than perception. We also demonstrate that the two ALE methodologies lead to divergent results.
Dissecting the localization of Tilapiatilapinevirus in the brain of the experimentally infected Nile tilapia, Oreochromisniloticus (L.)
Authors: Dinh‐Hung Nguyen , Sangpo Pattiya , Kruangkum Thanapong , Kayansamruaj Pattanapon , Rung‐ruangkijkrai Tilladit , Senapin Saengchan , Rodkhum Channarong , Dong Ha Thanh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTilapia tilapinevirus or tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging virus that inflicts significant mortality on farmed tilapia globally. Previous studies reported detection of the virus in multiple organs of the infected fish; however, little is known about the in‐depth localization of the virus in the central nervous system. Herein, we determined the distribution of TiLV in the entire brain of experimentally infected Nile tilapia. In situ hybridization (ISH) using TiLV‐specific probes revealed that the virus was broadly distributed throughout the brain. The strongest positive signals were dominantly detected in the forebrain (responsible for learning, appetitive behaviour and attention) and the hindbrain (involved in controlling locomotion and basal physiology). The permissive cell zones for viral infection were observed mostly to be along the blood vessels and the ventricles. This indicates that the virus may productively enter into the brain through the circulatory system and widen broad regions, possibly through the cerebrospinal fluid along the ventricles, and subsequently induce the brain dysfunction. Understanding the pattern of viral localization in the brain may help elucidate the neurological disorders of the diseased fish. This study revealed the distribution of TiLV in the whole infected brain, providing new insights into fish–virus interactions and neuropathogenesis.
Influence of product geometry and process variables on drying energy demand of vegetables: An experimental study
Authors: Nwakuba Nnaemeka , Ndukwe Samson , Paul Tosin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe changing aspects of energy and its high demand during convective drying of food products prompted this present study, which aims at investigating the impact of product geometric shapes and process parameters on the energy demand of vegetables during convective drying. It considered three distinctive shapes (sphere, Sg; cylinder, Cg; and slab, Rg) of vegetables (cucumber, garden egg, and white carrot) at constant sample volume, dried in a laboratory convective dryer. The Box–Behnken Design tool was used to design the experiment and explored the effects of material geometries at varying drying conditions (air temperature: 50, 60, and 70°C; air velocity: 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ms−1) on the total and specific drying energy demand, drying efficiency, percent product shrinkage, and drying time of the fresh vegetables. Results obtained revealed that the spherical‐shaped samples exhibited high moisture diffusion and gross reduction in drying time (120 min), thus greater potential for energy and drying system improvement. The values of the effective moisture diffusion,De(0.72 × 10−10≤De≤ 2.13 × 10−9m2s−1) increased with drying temperature, and the maximumDe‐value was obtained for the Sg‐carrot sample. The percent product shrinkage ranged between 78.66–94.73% for the Cg‐garden egg and Sg‐cucumber samples, respectively. The specific energy demand of the fresh cucumber, eggplant, and white carrot samples varied significantly (p>.005) with sample geometry. The maximum specific energy demand (16.38 ± 0.41 MJ/kgH2O, respectively) was obtained for the cylindrical shaped samples, whereas the minimum specific energy demand of 9.06 ± 0.24 MJ/kgH2O was yielded by the spherical shaped samples. The mean energy and drying efficiencies of the system ranged from 3.25 to 12.26% and 7.22 to 28.24%, respectively; whilst drying time ranged between 470 and 840 min. At the optimum process variables of 69.85°C, 1.22 ms−1, 0.999 geometric shape, and −0.9977 crop sample, the specific energy demand, drying time, drying efficiency, and percent shrinkage were found to be 14.21 ± 0.84 MJkg−1, 820 ± 9.00 min, 22.76 ± 0.74%, and 92.104 ± 1.00%, respectively. Prospects for future application and recommendations for further studies were suggested.Practical ApplicationsDespite the merits of artificial dryers, the food processing industry is still confronted with tremendous challenges of high energy demand and low process efficiency associated with the drying of food products, especially fruits and vegetables. Product physical attributes and drying conditions among other factors generally contribute to huge drying energy consumption, which affects the dried quality of the end product. The results of this study are of significant benefit to the food processing industries, as they may be applied in the design of efficient industrial crop dryers and optimized process guide for prolonged shelf life of processed food products, and enhanced process efficiency.
Morphometric analysis and prioritisation of watersheds for flood risk management in Wadi Easal Basin (WEB), Jordan, using geospatial technologies
Authors: Obeidat Mutawakil , Awawdeh Muheeb , Al‐Hantouli Farah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMorphometric analysis and sub‐watersheds prioritisation were carried out for the Wadi Easal Basin, Jordan, which is characterised by a high topographic diversity. The total ranking method was applied to prioritise the sub‐watersheds in terms of susceptibility to flash flood. Results of morphometric analysis revealed that the study area is a fifth order drainage system with a dendritic drainage pattern and elongated shape. Prioritisation results showed that about 71% (15 out of 21 sub‐watersheds) of sub‐watersheds have high‐very high susceptibility to flooding, which forms about 64% of the total area of the basin. The main underlying morphometric parameters behind this are the high drainage density, stream frequency, high basin relief, basin slope, ruggedness number, and circulatory ratio, and the low value of basin shape. Overall, the basin has a rugged topography with steep slopes and high relief. Since the basin is ungauged, and no information about its past hydrological behaviour is present, the results of this study can be used as guidance for competent authorities to initialize flood mitigation or artificial groundwater recharge measures.
Occurrence of aflatoxin M 1 in yogurt of five countries in west Asia region: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Salman , Keshavarzi Majid , Kazemi Asma , Berizi Enayat , Mohsenpour Mohammad Ali , Ghaffarian‐Bahraman Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the considerable importance of dairy consumption, aflatoxin‐M1 (AFM1) contamination can pose potential health threats for these products. In the present study, we systematically reviewed and conducted a meta‐analysis on the AFM1 contamination in yogurt samples of West Asia region. In the present study, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and web of Science were comprehensively searched for papers published from April 2006 to February 2020 in English language. Of a total of 356 articles found in the initial search, 25 studies were included in our meta‐analysis. All eligible studies were attributed to five out of the 20 west Asian countries. The mean AFM1 concentration in yogurt samples (in ng/kg) was as following: Turkey 137.76 (95%CI: 61.48, 214.04), Lebanon 86.70 (95%CI: 0.00, 217.72), Pakistan 38.43 (95%CI: 9.05, 67.80), Qatar 31.30 (95%CI: 27.5, 35.14), and Iran 28.24 (95%CI: 23.11, 33.36). According to our results, aflatoxin contamination levels in 32.25% of Lebanese, 31.25% of Turkish, 20.95% of Pakistani, 8.27% of Iranian and 0% of Qatari yogurt samples exceeded the European upper limit (i.e., 50 ng/kg). The hazard index (HI) for AFM1 exposure via yogurt consumption was in acceptable range for included countries except for Turkey and Lebanon.
Differences in inpatient and outpatient hepatitis C virus prevalence and linkage to care rates in a safety net hospital hepatitis C screening program
Authors: Veeramachaneni Hima , Park Brandi , Blakely Danielle , Palacio Andres , Darby Rapheisha , Fluker Shelly‐Ann , Lyles Robert H. , Miller Lesley S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimRoutine screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is crucial in identifying the 50% of infected persons unaware of their infection. We added an inpatient screening initiative to our successful outpatient HCV screening program in an urban, safety‐net hospital.MethodsFrom March 2017 to December 2019, HCV screening was performed in inpatient and outpatient settings at Grady Health System. We compared care cascade outcomes, including anti‐HCV testing, RNA testing, and linkage to care (LTC) between these settings.ResultsA total of 29 751 patients were tested for anti‐HCV: 8883 inpatients and 20 868 outpatients. The anti‐HCV population was predominantly Black (76.2%) and male (67.9%). The total anti‐HCV prevalence was 8.9%, with 14% of inpatients and 6.7% of outpatients testing positive. RNA testing was performed on 86%. The prevalence of active HCV infection was 59.3% in those that were anti‐HCV positive; inpatient prevalence was 66%, and outpatient was 53.8%. Of those with active infection, 67.5% were linked to care (57.3% of inpatients and 77.8% of outpatients).ConclusionWe found significant differences in prevalence of anti‐HCV and LTC rates between inpatients and outpatients during an HCV screening program. Higher anti‐HCV prevalence among inpatients may be due a higher prevalence of non‐birth year HCV risk factors. LTC rates were lower in the inpatient setting despite a robust linkage strategy. The striking prevalence of HCV in both settings warrants continued screening, expansion to additional settings, and novel strategies to improve inpatient linkage rates, especially in the setting of new universal HCV screening guidelines.
Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection versus endoscopic submucosal dissection for 20–30 mm colorectal polyps
Authors: Inoue Takahiro , Nakagawa Kentaro , Yamasaki Yasushi , Shichijo Satoki , Kanesaka Takashi , Maekawa Akira , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Ishihara Ryu , Takeuchi Yoji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for large polyps provides a high en bloc resection rate, accurate pathological diagnosis, and low recurrence rate. However, ESD requires advanced techniques, and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) is an alternative. We investigated the efficacy and safety of UEMR for 20–30 mm colorectal lesions compared with ESD.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated systematically collected data of patients who underwent UEMR or ESD for 20–30 mm sessile colorectal lesions. Outcome measures were the incidence of local recurrence, procedure time, en bloc resection rate, and incidence of adverse events. We performed propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting adjustment to control for possible confounders.ResultsWe evaluated 125 patients undergoing UEMR and 306 patients undergoing ESD. Using propensity score matching, we analyzed 74 lesions in each group. UEMR had a shorter procedure time than ESD [6.7 min (95% confidence interval (CI), 5.3–8.1 min) vs 64.8 min (95% CI, 57.4–72.2 min), respectively]. Although the en bloc resection rate with UEMR was inferior to ESD [61% (95% CI, 49–72%) vs 99% (95% CI, 93–100%), respectively], there was no significant difference in the local recurrence rate between the procedures [0% (95% CI, 0–4.0%) in each group]. Inverse probability weighting adjustment revealed that neither ESD nor UEMR had a significant association with local recurrence.ConclusionsUnderwater endoscopic mucosal resection for 20–30  mm colorectal lesions was comparable with ESD regarding long‐term outcomes, with a shorter procedure time, despite the lower en bloc resection rate.
Mediterranean diet and risk for dementia and cognitive decline in a Mediterranean population
Authors: Charisis Sokratis , Ntanasi Eva , Yannakoulia Mary , Anastasiou Costas A. , Kosmidis Mary H. , Dardiotis Efthimios , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios , Sakka Paraskevi , Scarmeas Nikolaos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent evidence suggests that nutrition in general and specific dietary patterns in particular, such as the Mediterranean type diet (MeDi), can be employed as potential preventive strategies against the development of dementia and cognitive decline. However, longitudinal data exploring the applicability of these findings in populations of Mediterranean origin are limited. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential relationships of MeDi adherence with dementia incidence rates and cognitive change over time in a traditional Mediterranean population, characterized by a lifelong exposure to Mediterranean eating habits and lifestyle.MethodsThe sample consisted of 1046 non‐demented individuals over the age of 64 (mean age = 73.1; SD = 5.0), with available baseline dietary information and longitudinal follow‐up. Diagnosis of dementia was made by a full clinical and neuropsychological evaluation, while cognitive performance was assessed according to five cognitive domains (memory, language, attention‐speed, executive functioning, visuospatial perception) and a global cognitive score. Adherence to MeDi was evaluated by an a priori score (range 0–55), derived from a detailed food frequency questionnaire.ResultsA total of 62 incident dementia cases occurred during a mean (SD) of 3.1 (0.9) years of follow‐up. Individuals in the highest MeDi quartile (highest adherence to MeDi) had a 72% lower risk for development of dementia, compared to those in the lowest one (p = 0.013). In addition, analysis of cognitive performance as a function of MeDi score revealed that the biennial cognitive benefit of a 10‐unit increase in MeDi score offsets the cognitive decline associated with 1 year of cognitive aging.ConclusionIn the present study, higher adherence to MeDi was associated with a reduced risk for dementia and cognitive decline in a traditional Mediterranean population.
Carboniferous high‐P metamorphism and deformation in the Belledonne Massif (Western Alps)
Authors: Jacob Jean‐Baptiste , Guillot Stéphane , Rubatto Daniela , Janots Emilie , Melleton Jérémie , Faure Michel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe age and P–T conditions of Variscan high‐P(HP) metamorphism in the Palaeozoic basement of the western Alps remain poorly constrained, but is nevertheless crucial to build a consistent tectonic scenario for the southeastern domain of the Variscan Belt. We report here the results of a structural, petrological, thermobarometric, and geochronological investigation of an eclogite‐bearing unit exposed in the northeastern part of the Belledonne Massif (France). This unit is mostly composed of metasediments that are locally migmatized and contain decametre‐ to hectometre‐scale lenses of orthogneiss and amphibolites. SIMS U–Pb dating of magmatic zircon cores in two retrogressed ecogites yields ages at 456 ± 4 Ma and 448 ± 6 Ma, which are interpreted to date the emplacement of the magmatic protoliths. The peak pressure stage in the retrogressed eclogites is estimated to be >1.4 GPa at 690–740°C, and was followed by decompression from 1.4 to ca. 1.0 GPa at 700–800°C. By contrast, the investigated migmatitic metasediment does not present any trace of HP metamorphism, but instead preserves prograde evolution from sub‐solidus conditions (ca. 0.8–1.1 GPa and 600–700°C) to supra‐solidus conditions (1.1–1.4 GPa and 700–780°C). A later stage of retrogression below ca. 0.5–0.8 GPa and 570–610°C is recorded in both lithologies, and is taken to indicate cooling and exhumation to upper crustal levels. Metamorphism was roughly coeval in the retrogressed eclogites and in the migmatitic metasediment. Metamorphic zircon rims yield U–Pb dates scattering between 340 and 310 Ma in both lithologies. In the migmatitic metasediment, a distinct younger age at 306 ± 3 Ma is interpreted to represent late stages of melt crystallization. In the retrogressed eclogites, zircon zoning and chemical composition (Th/U and REE) indicate initial crystallization of the rims during the HP stage followed by protracted growth during decompression to granulitic/amphibolitic conditions. Rutile U–Pb dating in one eclogite sample yields an age of 340 ± 11 Ma similar to the oldest zircon ages and is interpreted to approximate the age of the peak pressure metamorphism. Retrogression in the amphibolite facies is correlated with the development of a penetrative, N30° subvertical mylonitic S2 foliation. Regionally, this deformation occurs in a dextral transpressive corridor interpreted to represent a crustal‐scale shear zone active during the mid‐late Carboniferous. We therefore suggest that this structure has driven the exhumation of eclogites from the lower crust and their mixing with mid‐crustal felsic lithologies devoid of HP assemblages.
How to time the time ‐ A preface to the special issue Circadian Rhythms in the Brain
Authors: Stehle Jörg H. , Zemmar Ajmal , Hausmann Laura 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this Preface to the Journal of Neurochemistry special issue “Circadian Rhythms in the Brain”, we summarize recent insights into connections between circadian rhythms and societal concerns related to aging and food intake, with consequences for healthy or aberrant metabolic homeostasis. The articles in this special issue were written by leading authors who presented their research at the 2019 Congress of the European Biological Rhythm Society, and are thus reflective of a broad variety of state‐of‐the‐art research on all levels of chronobiology, from circadian rhythm generators in various tissues (including astrocytes) and the molecular mechanisms they base on, such as GABAergic regulation or ubiquitination, to the systems and behavioral level effects of chrono‐nutrition and aging.
image
Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15058.
Current status of multi‐disciplinary paediatric weight management services in Australia
Authors: McMaster Caitlin M , Calleja Elizabeth , Cohen Jennifer , Alexander Shirley , Denney‐Wilson Elizabeth , Baur Louise A 
Published: March 2021

AimTo identify multi‐disciplinary paediatric weight management services currently available in Australia and determine gaps in service provision for children and adolescents with obesity.MethodsSurveys were distributed to 17 identified Australian multi‐disciplinary paediatric weight management services. A representative from each service was asked to complete an online survey regarding service and patient characteristics, assessment and management practices, and professional development approaches.ResultsRepresentatives from 16 multi‐disciplinary paediatric weight management services completed the survey. Fourteen services were based in major metropolitan cities and two in regional areas. Fourteen services provided care to pre‐school aged children (0–4 years old), 15 to primary school aged children (5–12 years old) and 13 to high school aged children (13–18 years old). The number of patients seen per year per service ranged from 20 to 250 and duration of waiting lists ranged from 2 months to more than 12 months.ConclusionsThe current availability and accessibility of multi‐disciplinary paediatric weight management services is inadequate to service Australian children and adolescents with obesity, particularly those with severe obesity and those in rural and remote communities. To better address the issue of paediatric obesity, establishment of additional multi‐disciplinary services, training for health‐care professionals and monitoring of the provision of evidence‐based care is urgently needed.
The fungal pathogen Corynespora cassiicola: A review and insights for target spot management on cotton and Soya bean
Authors: N. Rondon Marina , Lawrence Kathy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCorynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt.) C.T. Wei is a fungus that occupies several diverse habits from a saprophyte to a parasite of plants, nematodes and humans. As a phytoparasitic fungus, C. cassiicola causes disease in a broad range of plant species worldwide. It causes target spot on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and is a disease of economic importance. Increasing demand for food and fibre to supply a growing world population requires increasing yields of crops on existing agricultural land while protecting the environment, following the principles of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. The current review provides a summary of research conducted on C. cassiicola with a special focus on target spot of cotton and Soya bean. The biology and diversity among C. cassiicola isolates are presented. A more detailed discussion on two essential IPM strategies is provided emphasizing their importance in disease management; the risk of fungicide resistance development with the use of fungicides to control target spot, and the need for genetic control with resistant cultivars.