bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of polyvinyl alcohol-based carbon nano fiber sheet for thermal interface material
Authors: Xiong Jiangling , Chen Siran , Choi Yongbum , Matsugi Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based carbon nanofiber (CNF) sheets are fabricated as an innovative thermal interface material (TIM), which is a potential substitute for traditional TIMs. Five types of PVA-based CNF sheets were fabricated at different mass ratios of PVA:vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) (1:0.100, 1:0.070, 1:0.050, 1:0.030, 1:0.025). The thickness of the PVA-based CNF sheets was 30–50 µm, which was controlled by the amount of VGCF. The microstructure of the CNF sheets indicated that VGCFs were arranged in random directions inside the sheet, and PVA was formed as a membrane between two VGCFs. However, many pores were found to exist between the VGCFs. The porosity of the PVA-based CNF sheets decreased from 25 to 13% upon decreasing the mass ratio of VGCF from 43.38 to 16.13%. The density and Shore hardness of all CNF sheets were 1.03–1.15 × 106 g m−3 and 82.4–85.0 HS, respectively. The highest thermal conductivity, measured as the mass ratio of PVA:VGCF, was achieved at 1:0.05, with the in-plane thermal conductivity of the fabricated sheet being 14.3 W m−1 k−1.
Electrocatalytic study of NiO-MOF with activated carbon composites for methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Hanif Saadia , Iqbal Naseem , Noor Tayyaba , Zaman Neelam , Vignarooban K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, the methanol oxidation reaction is investigated on Ni based metal organic frameworks (MOF) and its composites with biomass derived activated carbon. NiO-MOF and composites with activated carbon were synthesized using hydrothermal method. SEM, EDX, and XRD, FTIR, TGA techniques were used for characterization of composites. The electrochemical activity of catalysts for oxidation of methanol was tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1 M KOH and 3 M CH3OH on glassy carbon electrode in three electrode setup. The electrochemical performance shows the effect of activated carbon concentration on methanol oxidation. The electro-oxidation catalyzed by NiO-MOF with activated carbon (40 mg) composite exhibits a peak current density of 182.72 mA/cm2 at 0.89 V potential with a scan rate of 50 mV/s making it a potential catalyst for electrocatalysis of methanol.
Construction of unimpeded proton-conducting pathways in solution-processed nanoporous polymer membranes
Authors: Tang Xiaohui , Ma Nattapol , Xu Hong , Zhang Huanhuan , Zhang Qinglei , Cai Linkun , Otake Ken-ichi , Yin Panchao , Kitagawa Susumu , Horike Satoshi , Gu Cheng 
Published: August 2021

Uniform and amorphous proton-conducting membranes were produced based on solution processing of porous organic polymers. A new mechanism of on-skeleton proton exchange constructed unimpeded proton-conduction pathways throughout the whole membranes.
Numerical solutions to linear transfer problems of polarized radiation
Authors: Benedusi Pietro , Janett Gioele , Belluzzi Luca , Krause Rolf 
Published: August 2021

Context. Numerical solutions to transfer problems of polarized radiation in solar and stellar atmospheres commonly rely on stationary iterative methods, which often perform poorly when applied to large problems. In recent times, stationary iterative methods have been replaced by state-of-the-art preconditioned Krylov iterative methods for many applications. However, a general description and a convergence analysis of Krylov methods in the polarized radiative transfer context are still lacking.
Aims. We describe the practical application of preconditioned Krylov methods to linear transfer problems of polarized radiation, possibly in a matrix-free context. The main aim is to clarify the advantages and drawbacks of various Krylov accelerators with respect to stationary iterative methods and direct solution strategies.
Methods. After a brief introduction to the concept of Krylov methods, we report the convergence rate and the run time of various Krylov-accelerated techniques combined with different formal solvers when applied to a 1D benchmark transfer problem of polarized radiation. In particular, we analyze the GMRES, BICGSTAB, and CGS Krylov methods, preconditioned with Jacobi, (S)SOR, or an incomplete LU factorization. Furthermore, specific numerical tests were performed to study the robustness of the various methods as the problem size grew.
Results. Krylov methods accelerate the convergence, reduce the run time, and improve the robustness (with respect to the problem size) of standard stationary iterative methods. Jacobi-preconditioned Krylov methods outperform SOR-preconditioned stationary iterations in all respects. In particular, the Jacobi-GMRES method offers the best overall performance for the problem setting in use.
Conclusions. Krylov methods can be more challenging to implement than stationary iterative methods. However, an algebraic formulation of the radiative transfer problem allows one to apply and study Krylov acceleration strategies with little effort. Furthermore, many available numerical libraries implement matrix-free Krylov routines, enabling an almost effortless transition to Krylov methods.
Low Back Pain during Pregnancy and Delivery Outcomes
Authors: Fruscalzo Arrigo , Cocco Paolo , Londero Ambrogio P. , Gantert Markus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aim To evaluate low back pain (LBP) incidence and impact throughout pregnancy in terms of women’s well-being and delivery outcomes.
Material and methods Cross-sectional prospective study conducted on singleton pregnancies at ≥37th gestational age admitted for delivery. Localization of LBP, intensity and frequency as well as derived functional disability status were assessed with a self-reported questionnaire. Main delivery outcomes including mode of delivery, and maternal or neonatal complications were recorded.
Results A total of 229 women participated in the study. LBP prevalence amounted to 55.9%, with the pain already present before pregnancy in 14.0% of the cases. The pain was mostly localized in the lower back (40.6%), symphysis (23.3%), and coccyx (20.5%). Both the frequency and intensity of pain gradually increased significantly during pregnancy, reaching 20 days/month (IQR=10–30) and 6/10 points (IQR=5–8) on a visual analog scale in the 3rd trimester (p<0.05). The extent of functional impairment also progressively increased up to 39/100 points (IQR=25–55, p<0.05). Women affected by LBP during pregnancy had a higher cesarean section rate during labor than women without LBP (11.9% vs. 28.9%, p<0.05). The risk was also significant in the multivariate analysis (OR=4.0, 95%CI=1.1–15.0, p<0.05). There was no difference in the rate of operative vaginal births or in the other outcomes considered.
Conclusions LBP is a common issue in pregnant women, accounting for increasing morbidity and invalidity, and leading to an increased cesarean section risk during labor.
Metabolic Conditions Including Obesity, Diabetes, and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Implications for Breastfeeding and Breastmilk Composition
Authors: Rassie Kate , Mousa Aya , Joham Anju , Teede Helena J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBreastfeeding is internationally recognized as the recommended standard for infant nutrition, informed by evidence of its multiple benefits for both mother and baby. In the context of common metabolic conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes (type 1, type 2, and gestational), and obesity, breastfeeding may be particularly beneficial for both mother and infant. However, there is evidence of delayed lactogenesis and reduced breastfeeding rates and duration in women with these conditions, and the effects of altered maternal metabolic environments on breastmilk composition (and potentially infant outcomes) are incompletely understood. In this review, we explore the relationships between maternal metabolic conditions, lactogenesis, breastfeeding, and breastmilk composition. We examine relevant potential mechanisms, including the central role of insulin both in lactogenesis and as a milk-borne hormone. We also describe the bioactive and hormonal components of breastmilk and how these may link maternal and infant health.
Undiagnosed Behçet's Disease Complicated by Multiple Pseudoaneurysms and COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Mehta Aanchal , Shakarchi Julien Al , Meecham Lewis , Vijay Santhosh , Downing Richard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBehcet's disease (BD) is a rare multiorgan systemic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of acute inflammation. Involvement of the vascular system, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system portends a poor prognosis.We report the case of a 54-year-old man who presented with a 2-week history of symptoms attributable to infrarenal aortic and left tibioperoneal trunk pseudoaneurysms, defined by CT angiography which also revealed right lower lobe pulmonary artery (PA) and right anterior tibial arterial aneurysms. A prior history of recurrent oral ulceration, periodic fever, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and aseptic endocarditis with pulmonary emboli invoked a diagnosis of BD. Immunosuppression was commenced immediately, following synchronous endovascular and open arterial intervention, except the PA aneurysm.He developed a fever and cough 8 days postoperatively as a consequence of COVID-19 infection from which he recovered without complications.The management of the patient's four aneurysms in different vascular territories and postoperative COVID-19 infection in the presence of mandatory immunosuppression are discussed.
Informing a PCOS Lifestyle Program: Mapping Behavior Change Techniques to Barriers and Enablers to Behavior Change Using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Pirotta Stephanie , Joham A.E. , Moran L.J. , Skouteris H. , Lim S.S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article aimed to identify the behavior change techniques (BCTs) based on facilitators and barriers to lifestyle management in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) according to the behavior change wheel (BCW). This qualitative study design using inductive thematic analysis following semistructured interviews (n = 20) identified barriers and enablers to lifestyle management. These were then mapped to Capability, Opportunity, Motivation—Behavioral Model (COM-B) constructs and the corresponding Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) domains. This study included women with PCOS residing in Australia. Main outcome measures include intervention functions, policy categories, and BCTs described in the BCW. Twenty-three BCTs were recognized to influence behavior change in women with PCOS. Factors were categorized into the subcomponents of the COM-B: psychological capability (e.g., lack of credible information), physical capability (e.g., managing multiple health conditions), physical opportunity (e.g., limited access to resources), social opportunity (e.g., adequate social support), reflective motivation (e.g., positive health expectancies following behavior change), and automatic motivation (e.g., emotional eating). Future research should use this work to guide PCOS lifestyle intervention development and then test intervention effectiveness through an experimental phase to provide empirical evidence for wider use and implementation of tailored, theory-informed PCOS lifestyle programs as part of evidence-based PCOS management.
A full-dimensional ab initio intermolecular potential energy surface and rovibrational spectra for OC–HF and OC–DF
Authors: Liu Qiong , Liu Lu , An Feng , Huang Jing , Zhou Yanzi , Xie Daiqian 
Published: August 2021

We present a full-dimensional ab initio intermolecular potential energy surface (IPES) for the OC–HF van der Waals complex. 3167 ab initio points were computed at the frozen-core (FC) explicitly correlated coupled cluster [FC-CCSD(T)-F12b] level, with the augmented correlation-consistent polarized valence quadruple-zeta basis set plus bond functions. Basis set superposition error correction was also considered by the full counterpoise procedure. Gaussian process regression (GPR) was used to map out the potential energy surface, while a multipole expansion method was employed to smooth the ab initio noise of intermolecular potential in the long range. The global minimum of −1248.364 cm−1 was located at the linear configuration with the C atom pointing toward the H atom of the HF molecule. In addition, a local minimum of −602.026 cm−1 was found at another linear configuration with the O atom pointing toward the H atom of the HF molecule. The eigenstates were calculated on the vibrational averaged four-dimensional IPESs with the mixed radial discrete variable representation/angular finite basis representation method and Lanczos propagation algorithm. The dissociation energy D0 was calculated to be 701.827 cm−1, well reproducing the experimental value of 732 ± 2 cm−1. The dipole moment surfaces were also fitted by GPR from 3132 ab initio points calculated using the coupled cluster method [CCSD(T)] with AVTZ basis set plus bond functions. The frequencies and relative line intensities of rovibrational transitions in the HF (DF) and CO stretching bands were further calculated and compared well with the experimental results. These results indicate the high fidelity of the new IPES.
PD-1 preferentially inhibits the activation of low-affinity T cells
Authors: Shimizu Kenji , Sugiura Daisuke , Okazaki Il-mi , Maruhashi Takumi , Takemoto Tatsuya , Okazaki Taku 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceDespite the success of anti–PD-1 cancer therapy, whether and how T cells with different antigen specificity and affinity are differentially regulated by PD-1 remain vaguely understood. By analyzing T cell receptors (TCRs) with different affinities to peptide–MHC complexes (pMHC) and pMHCs with different affinities to TCR, we show that PD-1 signaling specifically inhibits transcription of genes that are inducible by less efficient TCR signals through low TCR:pMHC affinity interactions. Accordingly, T cells with low-affinity to tumor-antigen were preferentially expanded in PD-1–deficient mice. Thus, PD-1 imposes qualitative control of T cell responses by preferentially suppressing low-affinity T cells. Precise and deeper understandings of the functional characteristics of PD-1 will support the development of effective and safe immunotherapies.
Profound Treg perturbations correlate with COVID-19 severity
Authors: Galván-Peña Silvia , Leon Juliette , Chowdhary Kaitavjeet , Michelson Daniel A. , Vijaykumar Brinda , Yang Liang , Magnuson Angela M. , Chen Felicia , Manickas-Hill Zachary , Piechocka-Trocha Alicja , Worrall Daniel P. , Hall Kathryn E. , Ghebremichael Musie , Walker Bruce D. , Li Jonathan Z. , Yu Xu G. ,   MGH COVID-19 Collection & Processing Team, Mathis Diane , Benoist Christophe , Lavin-Parsons Kendall , Parry Blair , Lilley Brendan , Lodenstein Carl , McKaig Brenna , Charland Nicole , Khanna Hargun , Margolin Justin , Gonye Anna , Gushterova Irena , Lasalle Tom , Sharma Nihaarika , Russo Brian C. , Rojas-Lopez Maricarmen , Sade-Feldman Moshe , Manakongtreecheep Kasidet , Tantivit Jessica , Thomas Molly Fisher 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are responsible for restraining excessive inflammation, a hallmark of COVID-19. We identified a striking phenotype in Tregs from patients with severe disease, as well as an interesting role for interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18. An increased suppressive profile, including increased Treg proportions, combined with the expression of proinflammatory mediators, distinguished severe patients and persisted in some of those recovered. This phenotype is in notable similarity to that found in tumor-infiltrating Tregs, which are generally associated with poor prognosis, and suggests both a detrimental role for these cells in COVID-19 as well as a potential explanation for some of the still largely unexplored complications associated with recovery.
Correlation between economy/efficiency and mountain biking cross‐country race performance
Authors: Inoue Allan , Lattari Eduardo , do Carmo Everton Crivoi , Rodrigues Guilherme Moraes , de Oliveira Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho , Santos Tony Meireles 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the correlation between cycling economy (CE) and gross efficiency (GE) in Olympic cross‐country mountain biking (XCO‐MTB) race performance. Also was examined the correlation between CE, GE, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Sixteen male XCO‐MTB athletes (30.9 ± 5.2 years, 68.7 ± 5.6 kg, 175.0 ± 5.7 cm, and VO2peak: 65.4 ± 4.9 mL·kg−1 min−1) completed two experimental sessions. On the first, anthropometric assessments and a maximal incremental test were performed. The maximal incremental test was performed in the cycle ergometer to determine VO2peak, CE, and GE. A week later, an XCO‐MTB race was performed in the second visit, where the official race time was used as a performance indicator. An inverse, significant moderate correlation was found between race time (8318.3 ± 459.0 s) and both CE (r = −0.53; CI95% = −0.84 to −0.10; p = 0.0008), and GE (r = −0.67; CI95% = −0.89 to −0.22; p = 0.0001). However, the moderate correlation between CE and race time showed low power. No significant correlation was found between VO2peak and either CE (r = −0.45; CI95% = −0.77–0.06; p = 0.08) or GE (r = −0.47; CI95% = −0.78–0.04; p = 0.07). In conclusion, gross efficiency is an important component of XCO‐MTB race performance. The VO2peak was not related to CE and GE. The evaluation of GE may be a useful addition to the battery of physiological tests in mountain bikers.Highlights
The gross efficiency can be a performance indicator related to the Olympic cross‐country mountain biking race;
The cycling economy has a moderate association with race time, but its use as a measure related to Olympic cross‐country mountain biking race performance should be carried out with caution;
Despite VO2peak's influence on both cycling economy and gross efficiency measures, our results do not show a relationship with Olympic cross‐country mountain biking athletes.
Simultaneous acquiring and synthesizing images through an optical fiber on a moving mechanism
Authors: Lee Fu-Shin , Lin Chen-I , Guo Bo , Chiang Antony , Ho Pin-Hsien 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The research prototypes an optical fiber-scanning mechanism for capturing fiber-acquired multiple images. First, the study develops an image processing firmware embedded in high-speed hardware for image cropping, rotation, sharpening, and stitching, especially synchronizing with the moving mechanism. Then, the embedded firmware successively builds panoramic images while iteratively acquiring images as the mechanism in motion. This research applies a 3D printing technology to prototype the mechanism components and employs servomotors for mechanism motions during the prototyping stage. Next, the mechanism guides the scanning motions to follow prescribed trajectories while capturing images of specified regions. Finally, the research embeds the firmware developed on a Linux OS platform into a high-speed controller board. The resolution tests verify that the best image resolution for the prototyped optical mechanism reaches 14.30 line pairs per millimeter, and the achievable image resolution for an inspected object is 35 μm. Through acquiring and synthesizing images simultaneously by the embedded firmware while the optical fiber-scanning mechanism is in motion, this research demonstrates that the developed system effectively constructs panoramic images for an endoscope device at a lower cost.
Use of dynamic reconstruction for parametric Patlak imaging in dynamic whole body PET
Authors: Chalampalakis Zacharias , Stute Simon , Filipović Marina , Sureau Florent , Comtat Claude 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Dynamic whole body (DWB) PET acquisition protocols enable the use of whole body parametric imaging for clinical applications. In FDG imaging, accurate parametric images of Patlak K

i
can be complementary to regular standardised uptake value images and improve on current applications or enable new ones. In this study we consider DWB protocols implemented on clinical scanners with a limited axial field of view with the use of multiple whole body sweeps. These protocols result in temporal gaps in the dynamic data which produce noisier and potentially more biased parametric images, compared to single bed (SB) dynamic protocols. Dynamic reconstruction using the Patlak model has been previously proposed to overcome these limits and shown improved DWB parametric images of K

i
. In this work, we propose and make use of a spectral analysis based model for dynamic reconstruction and parametric imaging of Patlak K

i
. Both dynamic reconstruction methods were evaluated for DWB FDG protocols and compared against 3D reconstruction based parametric imaging from SB dynamic protocols. This work was conducted on simulated data and results were tested against real FDG dynamic data. We showed that dynamic reconstruction can achieve levels of parametric image noise and bias comparable to 3D reconstruction in SB dynamic studies, with the spectral model offering additional flexibility and further reduction of image noise. Comparisons were also made between step and shoot and continuous bed motion (CBM) protocols, which showed that CBM can achieve lower parametric image noise due to reduced acquisition temporal gaps. Finally, our results showed that dynamic reconstruction improved VOI parametric mean estimates but did not result to fully converged values before resulting in undesirable levels of noise. Additional regularisation methods need to be considered for DWB protocols to ensure both accurate quantification and acceptable noise levels for clinical applications.
Universal coupled theory for metamaterial bound states in the continuum
Authors: Huang Wei , Liu Songyi , Cheng Yu , Han Jiaguang , Yin Shan , Zhang Wentao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel universal coupled theory for metamaterial bound states in the continuum (BIC) or quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC) which provides ultra-high Q resonance for metamaterial devices. Our theory analytically calculates the coupling of two bright modes with phase information. Our method has much more accuracy for ultra-strong coupling comparing with the previous theories (the coupling of one bright mode and one dark mode and the two bright-mode coupling). Therefore, our theory is much more suitable for BIC or quasi-BIC and we can accurately predict the transmission spectrum of metamaterial BIC or quasi-BIC for the first time.
Topologically protected vector edge states and polarization beam splitter by all-dielectric valley photonic crystal slabs
Authors: He Lu , Zhang Huizhen , Zhang Weixuan , Wang Yujing , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The polarization beam splitter (PBS) is the essential optical component, which is widely used in various optical instruments. Its robustness against perturbation is very necessary to all-optical classical and quantum networks. Here, we report the design of topologically protected vector edge states (dual-polarization with transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes) and PBS based on all-dielectric topological valley photonic crystal slabs. The topologically protected vector edge states have been realized for the first time using germanium photonic crystal slab with silica substrate. Based on such edge states, the topologically protected PBS has been designed and its robust property has been demonstrated by exact numerical simulations. Our proposed PBS is expected to be widespread applications for photonic integrated circuits and quantum information processing.