bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of associated molecular events in Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer through integrated computational analysis of Microarray and RNA-Seq datasets
Authors: Zeb Sabaoon , Paracha Rehan Zafar , Nisar Maryum , Khalid Rimsha , Mustansar Zartasha , Rizwan Samawia , Bano Saddia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, where, the major precursor of cancer progression is infection with Helicobacter pylori. It has been reported that 50% of the total populace is infected with H.pylori, while in 80% the ulcer emerges in later stages of the infection. Although extensive separate analysis has been performed on H.pylori infection and GC data, however, there is a need to perform comparative analysis to identify the cross-talk between the conditions and to hunt significant molecular events that occurs during H.pylori induced GC. The aim of this multi-population study was to identify common molecular events and potential bio-markers against H.pylori induced GC. We performed microarray and RNA-seq analysis on publicly available H.pylori infection, gastritis, H.pylori induced GC and GC datasets to obtain Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs). After obtaining the DEGs, integrative analysis, functional enrichment analysis and network biology approaches were utilized to identify common markers and hub genes between various disease conditions. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the DEGs of H.pylori infection, gastritis, H.pylori induced GC and GC were strongly associated with spliceosome, adherens junction, focal adhesion and ribosome. Being one of the common DEG, and highly interactive hub protein in the networks of all the conditions, translationally controlled tumour protein (TPT1) was identified as a significant predictive biomarker for early prognosis and diagnosis of H.pylori induced GC. Therefore, the mechanisms behind TPT1 should be further studied using in vitro cell-based functional assays, to determine its role in the progression of H.pylori induced GC.
Sensitive and Specific Detection of Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis Through Dual-Modality Magnetic Particle Imaging and Fluorescence Molecular Imaging: a Preclinical Evaluation
Authors: Wang Guorong , Shi Guangyuan , Tian Yu , Kong Lingyan , Ding Ning , Lei Jing , Jin Zhengyu , Tian Jie , Du Yang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: A sensitive and specific imaging method to detect metastatic cancer cells in lymph nodes (LNs) to detect the early-stage breast cancer is urgently needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate a novel breast cancer-targeting and tumour microenvironment ATP-responsive superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIOs) imaging probe that was developed to detect lymph node metastasis (LNMs) through fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) and magnetic particle imaging (MPI). The imaging nanoprobe comprised of SPIOs conjugated with breast cancer-targeting peptides (CREKA) and an ATP-responsive DNA aptamer (dsDNA-Cy5.5), abbreviated as SPIOs@A-T. Methods: SPIOs@A-T was synthesised and characterized for its imaging properties, targeting ability and toxicity in vitro. Mice with metastatic lymph node (MLN) of breast cancer were established to evaluate the FMI and MPI imaging strategy in vivo. Healthy mice with normal lymph node (NLN) were used as control group. Histological examination and biosafety evaluation were performed for further assessment. Results: After injection with SPIO@A-T, the obvious high fluorescent intensity and MPI signal were observed in MLN group than those in NLN group. MPI could also complement the limitation of imaging depth from FMI, thus could detect MLN more sensitively. The combination of the imaging strengths of FMI and MPI ensured the detection of breast cancer metastases with high sensitivity and specificity, thereby facilitating the precision differentiation of malignant from benign LNs. Besides, the biosafety evaluation results showed SPIO@A-T had good biocompatibility. Conclusion: Due to the superior properties of tumour-targeting, detection specificity, and biosafety, the SPIOs@A-T imaging probe in combination with FMI and MPI can provide a promising novel method for the early and precise detection of LNMs in clinical practice.
Chinese Interest in Thyroid Related Diseases: Evidence from Baidu Index
Authors: Fan Zhao-ya , Mou Yuan-lin , Hu Qian , Yin Ruo-yun , Tang Lei , Zhang Fan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Common thyroid diseases are hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid tumor and so on. Baidu is currently the most widely used online search tool in China, has developed an internet search trends collection and analysis tool called the Baidu Index. The aim of the present study was to understand the trend and characteristics of public’s online attention to thyroid diseases, and to explore the value of Baidu Index in monitoring online retrieval behavior of thyroid related information.Methods: Taking the period from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2019 as the time range into consideration, we used the big data analysis tool of Baidu Index and took “thyroid nodules”, “thyroid cancer”, “thyroiditis” “hyperthyroidism” and “hypothyroidism” as the keywords, the data of “search index” and “media index” were recorded on a weekly basis, and all information were aggregated into quarterly and annual to generate the final data which was carried out for secondary analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the search index of keywords and the year. One-way Analysis of Variance was used to analyze the differences between search index and media index.Results: Among the five keywords, thyroid nodule search index had the highest growth rate (640%), followed by thyroid cancer (298%). The media’s attention to thyroid diseases had been declining year by year. Unlike the public’s attention, the media index of hyperthyroidism was significantly higher than other keywords.Conclusion: Over the past nine years, the public's attention to thyroid related diseases has been increasing gradually. Baidu Index is an effective tool to track the health information query behavior of Chinese internet users, which can provide a cost-effective supplement to traditional monitoring system.
Calculations of The Change of State of a Gas By Integrating The Partial Derivatives
Authors: Choi Soon-Ho , Kim Sedong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It will not be denied that the calculations of the change of state for a gas is highly important in most engineering applications. For determining the gas’s properties such as the pressure (P), the volume (V) and the temperature (T), engineers and scientists uses the Boyle’s, Charles’s and Gay-Lussac’s (B-C-G) law of P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2. Although the B-C-G law provides the accurate property values of a gas, it give no detailed information embedded in the process when a gas changes its state. In this study, the author theoretically carried out the integrations of the partial differentials when differentiating the B-C-G law, which has not been tried by anyone up to now. The integration results of this study were thoroughly compared with the experimentally measured data and it was confirmed that the integration methods suggested in this study accurately provides the differential properties on ΔP, ΔV and ΔT. In addition to it, through the stepwise analysis of the integration of the partial differentials, it revealed that the efficiency in the change of state of a gas inherently exists higher than the Carnot cycle, which is operating between the same conditions. Therefore, the results of this study can be lead to the conclusion that all changes of state of all materials inevitably accompanies an energy loss and it is a natural phenomenon.
Prevalence of Eating Disorders Among Nutritional Sciences Students and Dietitians in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Tarawah Renad Ahmad , Bakr El-Sayed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Eating disorders (EDs) involve persistent disturbed eating and related behaviors that result in altered consumption or absorption of food with potential physical or psychological function impairment. EDs have four major types: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorder not otherwise specified. The investigation aimed to study the prevalence of EDs by assessing nutritional status for nutrition students and dietitians from multiple provinces in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 175 male and female nutrition students or dietitians. EDs were diagnosed using EAT-26 and DSM5. Dietary intake was estimated by repeated 24-hr recall records. Diet was analyzed using food processor nutrition and fitness software. Intakes were compared with the recommended dietary allowances. Results: According to EAT-26 diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of EDs was 15.4%. The mean age was 24.96 ± 4 years. ED subjects had normal BMIs. The diet analysis showed that these subjects had a lower intake of energy, macronutrients, and some micronutrients, and other micronutrients were high as compared to the RDA. Conclusion: EDs were more prevalent among dietitians than students. The EDs comprised a high number of OSFED and UNFED cases. Subjects with an ED had an unbalanced diet with poor nutrition.
Lifetime Distribution of Clusters in Binary Mixtures Involving Hydrogen Bonding Liquids
Authors: JUKIC Ivo , POZAR Martina , LOVRINCEVIC Bernarda , PERERA Aurélien 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen bonded liquids are associated liquids and tend to exhibit local inhomogeneity in the form of clusters and segregated sub-nano domains. It is an open question as to whether Hbonded clusters in pure water have common features with the water segregated pockets observed in various aqueous binary mixtures, such as water-alcohol mixtures, for example. In the present study, we demonstrate through classical molecular dynamics studies of the lifetime distributions of the hydrogen bonds in different types of binary mixtures, that these lifetimes exhibit the same universal features in the case of the pure liquids, independently of the species concentrations. The same types of three distinct lifetimes are observed, all of them in the sub picosecond regime. The primary lifetime concerns that of Hbonded dimers, and strongly depends on Hbonding criteria such as the bonding distance. The two others are independent of bonding criteria. The secondary lifetime concerns Hbonded cluster lifetimes, while the tertiary lifetime concerns the topology of these clusters, such as chains or globules, for example. This surprizing separation in three distinct lifetimes suggests the existence of associated three distinct kinetic mechanisms in the very short sub-picosecond time scales.
Assessment of Solid Waste Management at Source in Compliance With Guidelines Among Residents of Kawempe Division, Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Maderu Paul , Omona Kizito 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Solid waste management poses a big challenge for many urban households, municipalities and cities, especially in developing countries, partly due to increasing urbanization. Overcrowding and informal settlements have emerged with illegal and indiscriminate waste disposal. Guidelines for proper management of solid waste are least observed at house hold level in such settings. The purpose of the study was to assess solid waste management at source in compliance with guidelines among residents of Kawempe municipality Kampala district. Methods: It was descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study design, with both quantitative and qualitative methods. 385 households heads and four local leaders were interviewed using researcher administered questionnaires and interview guide. Results: The study found that only 37.9% of households complied with guidelines for solid waste management at source. Factors of waste management practices were waste reduction (p=0.005), separation (p=0.001), reuse (p=0.001) and composting (p=0.027). Determinants such as gender (p=0.007), marital status (p=0.016), level of education (p<0.0001), occupation (p=0.007), household size (p=0.025), medium of community sensitization (p<0.0001), enforcement of bi-laws (p=0.005), type of waste generated (p<0.0001) and waste storage method (p=0.009) were implicated. Conclusion: Compliance with guidelines in the management of household solid waste at source was still very low within the city. Authorities ought to intensify household solid waste management awareness campaigns.
Population genetic structure and phenotypic diversity of Aspidodera raillieti (Nematoda: Heterakoidea), a parasite of Didelphini marsupials in Brazil’s South and Southeast Atlantic Forest
Authors: Varella Karina , Vilela Roberto do Val , Gentile Rosana , Cardoso Thiago dos Santos , Costa-Neto Sócrates Fraga da , Júnior Arnaldo Maldonado 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Population genetics of parasites may be influenced by host specificity, life-cycle, geographical distance, evolutionary history, and host-populations structure. The nematode Aspidodera raillieti infects different marsupial and rodent hosts in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, implying a presumably significant gene flow among populations. However, niche diversification of A. raillieti main hosts in superimposed areas may provide conditions for population genetic structuring within this parasite species. We examined the genetic structuring of A. raillieti infecting three marsupial species co-occurring along South and Southeast Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a hotspot of biodiversity.Methods: We employed morphometric analyses and partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences (MT-CO1) to characterize populations via phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses.Results: Among 175 A. raillieti specimens recovered from marsupial hosts Didelphis aurita, D. albiventris, and Philander quica, we identified 99 MT-CO1 haplotypes forming four groups in phylogenetic trees and networks. Clades I and II encompassed parasites of D. albiventris from the South region, Clade III comprised parasites of D. aurita from the South and Southeast regions, and Clade IV encompassed parasites of D. aurita and D. albiventris from the South and Southeast regions and parasites of Philander quica from the South region. High genetic differentiation between clades, with a high fixation index and greater genetic variation in the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), indicated low gene flow between clades. Haplotypes shared among host species revealed a lack of host specificity. Significant correlation in the Mantel test, suggested parasite isolation by distance, although there was no evidence of geographic structure between populations. Negative values in neutrality tests for Clades III and IV suggested recent population expansion. Morphometric differentiation between A. raillieti specimens recovered from different host species, as well as from different localities, was more evident in males.Conclusion: The genetic structure of A. raillieti populations in the South and Southeast Atlantic Forest resulted from historical events rather than from current geographical distribution or host specificity. We also demonstrate morphometric variation associated with host species and localities, suggesting phenotypic plasticity to host attributes and to spatial variables.
Differences In Chronic Pain Prevalence Between Men And Women At Mid-Life: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Borra Catherine , Hardy Rebecca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological literature has revealed differences in chronic pain (CP) prevalence in men and women. Women have been found to be more likely to develop CP compared to men at different points of the life-course, such as childhood and old age. Less is known about differences in prevalence by sex during mid-life. While CP is most prevalent later in life, biological and physical changes in mid-life may predispose to an earlier differentiation in CP distribution – for example due to the menopause. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of CP at midlife in men and women, and to identify how these differences relate to results pertaining to other periods in the life-course. Methods: This systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search will identify appropriate studies in the following databases: MEDLINE, to be accessed through Web of Science; and EMBASE, AMED and PSYCHinfo to be accessed through OVID. Two reviewers will independently screen each title and abstract and subsequently each full text following the inclusion criteria outlined in this protocol. The reference lists of eligible papers will also be screened to identify any further eligible studies. Any inconsistencies between reviewer decisions will be resolved through discussion. Studies eligible for data extraction will report estimates of CP prevalence, of prevalence for each sex, and difference in prevalence between sexes. Two reviewers will conduct data extraction using a standardised data extraction form. Quality assessment will be conducted using a risk of bias assessment tool for prevalence studies. The findings will be reported in a narrative synthesis and will comment on expected heterogeneity, following the Social Research Council Methods Programme guidelines. A random effects meta-analysis will be conducted where the reviewers can justify combining results.Discussion: This review will summarise the prevalence of CP in men and women at mid-life, based on existing evidence. It is expected that the results will identify gaps in knowledge and areas for further research.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42021295895
Sympathetic Nerve Innervation and Metabolism in Ischemic Myocardium in Response To Remote Ischemic Conditioning
Authors: Kiss Attila , Lu Xia , Schlederer Michaela , Pilz Patrick M , Szabo Petra Lujza , Wu Ping , Weber Lukas , Vraka Chrysoula , Pichler Verena , Mitterhauser Markus , Zhang Xiaoli , Abraham Dietmar , Podesser Bruno K , Hacker Marcus , Li Xiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Multiple potential interventions have been tested to protect the heart against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR) injury. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), an endogenous cardioprotective approach, could markedly improve cardiac function post-myocardial ischemia injury. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of RIC on cardiac sympathetic nerve innervation and metabolism in the association with Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (GSPG).
Methods

Transient myocardial ischemia (30 min) is induced by ligature of the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LAD) in male Sprague Dawley rats (250-350 g), in vivo cardiac [11C]mHED and 2-[18F]FDG PET scans were performed at 14 days after ischemia. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPerc) was induced by three cycles of five-minute-long unilateral hind limb ischemia and intermittent five minutes of reperfusion during LAD occlusion period. The quantitative parameters were quantified in parametric polar maps. This standardized format facilitates the regional radioactive quantification of parameters in deficit regions to remote areas. The ex vivo radionuclide distribution was additionally identified using autoradiography. Myocardial neuron density and GSPG expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry.
Results

There was no significant difference in the metabolism-defected to the remote activity ratio (44.6±4.8% vs. 45.4±4.4%) between control rats (MIR) and treated (MIR+RIPerc) rats (P>0.05). Additionally, the mean nervous activity of denervated myocardium activity was significantly elevated in rats with RIPerc coupled with reduced denervated myocardium size compared to the rats MIR group (35.9±7.1% vs. 28.9±2.3% of the left ventricular (LV) remote area (P<0.05). These findings were associated with preserved LV systolic function and a significant reduction in GSPG expression in the myocardium.
Conclusion

RIPerc presented the effect on cardiac sympathetic nerve innervation following ischemia, but there is no significant effect on myocardial metabolism. A long-term outcome study is warranted.
Effect of thyroid dysfunction on hematological profiles at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tewabe Haymanot , Mitiku Assaye , Abebaw Abtie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Thyroid hormones have a crucial role in the metabolism, production, and proliferation of blood cells. So the current study aimed to assess the hematological profile of patients with thyroid dysfunction.
Methods

A comparative prospective study was conducted from June to September 2021; on a total of 360 participants (120 health groups and 240 patients with thyroid dysfunction. 10 ml of venous blood samples were collected and separated into two test tubes (in the SST tube used for measurement of TSH, T3, and T4, and sample in the EDTA tubes was used for CBC analysis). The analysis was done by using SPPS software. Finally, the result was interpreted by using chi-square, Pearson's correlation, and multivariate logistic regression. The level of statistical significance was set at a 95% confidence and P-value is less than 0.05 was considered clinically significant.
Results

Out of 360 study participants (120 (33.33%) hypothyroidism, 120 (33.33%) hyperthyroidism, and 120 (33.33%) healthy controls); 195 (54.2%) were female, 150 (41.7%) were in the age range of 25-44 years. The finding indicated a statistically significant decrease in RBC, Hgb, HCT, MCV, PLT, MCH, MCHC, MPV, and a significantly increased valve in RDW, WBC, and NEU% in both types of thyroid dysfunction compared to control groups (p-value <0.05). Finding of MON%, EOS% and BAS% did not show significant differences between the groups (p-value >0.05).
Conclusion

The finding showed that thyroid dysfunction has a significant effect on RBCs, Hgb, HCT, MCV MCHC, MCH, WBC, neutrophils, PLT count, and MPV findings (p<0.05). But no show significant effect on monocyte, eosinophil and basophils (p-value > 0.05).
Experimental Investigations On Optimizing Manufacturing Parameters For Electro-Spark Deposition Diamond Wire Saw
Authors: Li Chengyun , Ge Peiqi , Bi Wenbo , Wang Qihao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The third generation of superhard semiconductor materials, represented by single-crystal SiC, is used widely in microelectronics due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties. However, their high hardness and brittleness become the bottleneck of their development. Diamond wire saw (DWS) has become the mainstream tool for sawing hard and brittle crystal materials. However, the diamond abrasive is consolidated on the core wire through resin or electroplated nickel, and the holding strength is not high. When sawing superhard crystal materials, the efficiency is low. In order to improve the sawing efficiency of superhard crystal materials, it is of great significance to improve the wear resistance of wire saw and the holding strength of abrasive particles. Electro-spark deposition (ESD) can deposit electrode materials on the substrate with low heat input to achieve metallurgical bonding between metal materials. It can effectively improve the gripping strength of the abrasive grains. And the sawing ability of the wire saw to make the consolidated DWS by the ESD process. In this paper, the ESD equipment has been designed according to the characteristics of the ESDDWS process. The discharge gap size and electrode consumption are monitored in real-time by a single-chip microcomputer (SCM). Orthogonal experiments were carried out for the two motion modes. The effects of process parameters, such as (A) Grain size, (B) Abrasive content, (C) Pulse duration time, (D) Compacting pressure, (E) Current, (F) Electrode diameter, (G) Pulse interval time, (H) Reciprocating times, (I) Wire feed speed, on the quality of ESDDWS were analyzed. Through the extremum difference analysis, the optimal parameter combinations of ESDDWS were obtained. The results of the validation experiment are better than the original experimental results.