bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swimming-induced changes in pulmonary function: special observations for clinical testing
Authors: Päivinen Marja , Keskinen Kari , Tikkanen Heikki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundA special improvement in pulmonary function is found in swimmers. In clinical testing the airway reactivity is observed at certain exercise intensity and target ventilation. However, in highly trained swimmers exercising in water the reactions may not function the same way. The aim was to study the combined effects of the water environment and swimming on pulmonary function and the associations with perceived symptoms.MethodsFirst, 412 competitive swimmers completed questionnaires concerning respiratory symptoms at different swimming intensities. Then, pulmonary function testing was performed in 14 healthy elite swimmers. Spirometry and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were measured on land and in water before and after swimming. While swimming, minute ventilation (VE) tidal volume (VT) and breathing frequency (fb) were measured during competition speed swimming.ResultsSwimmers reported the most symptoms at competition speed intensity swimming. In the transition from the land into the water swimming body position, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced expiratory capacity (FVC) (FEV1/FVC) decreased by a mean (SD) 5.3 % (3) in females and by 2.2 % (5) in males. During competition speed intensity swimming, the minute ventilation (VE) had a mean of 72 and 75 % of calculated maximal voluntary ventilation (cMVV) in females and in males, respectively.ConclusionsSpirometry showed sex differences in water compared to land measurements. These differences should be considered when the effects of swimming are observed. During the intensity that triggered the symptoms the most, the VE was approximately 20 % higher than the target ventilations for clinical testing. These findings encourages specific modifications of clinical testing protocols for elite swimmers.
A two-stage classification algorithm for radar targets based on compressive detection
Authors: Liu Cong , Liu Yunqing , Zhang Qiong , Li Xiaolong , Wu Tong , Li Qi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlgorithms are proposed to address the radar target detection problem of compressed sensing (CS) under the conditions of a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a low signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) echo signal. The algorithms include a two-stage classification for radar targets based on compressive detection (CD) without signal reconstruction and a support vector data description (SVDD) one-class classifier. First, we present the sparsity of the echo signal in the distance dimension to design a measurement matrix for CD of the echo signal. Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection is performed directly on the CD echo signal to complete the first-order target classification. In simulations, the detection performance is similar to that of the traditional matched filtering algorithm, but the data rate is lower, and the necessary data storage space is reduced. Then, the power spectrum features are extracted from the data after the first-order classification and converted to the feature domain. The SVDD one-class classifier is introduced to train and classify the characteristic signals to complete the separation of the targets and the false alarms. Finally, the performance of the algorithm is verified by simulation. The number of false alarms is reduced, and the detection probability of the targets is improved.
Parabacteroides produces acetate to alleviate heparanase-exacerbated acute pancreatitis through reducing neutrophil infiltration
Authors: Lei Yuanyuan , Tang Li , Liu Shuang , Hu Shiping , Wu Lingyi , Liu Yaojiang , Yang Min , Huang Shengjie , Tang Xuefeng , Tang Tao , Zhao Xiaoyan , Vlodavsky Israel , Zeng Shuo , Tang Bo , Yang Shiming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The endoglycosidase heparanase which degrades heparan sulfate proteoglycans, exerts a pro-inflammatory mediator in various inflammatory disorders. However, the function and underlying mechanism of heparanase in acute pancreatitis remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the interplay between heparanase and the gut microbiota in the development of acute pancreatitis.

Methods
Acute pancreatitis was induced in wild-type and heparanase-transgenic mice by administration of caerulein. The differences in gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Antibiotic cocktail experiment, fecal microbiota transplantation, and cohousing experiments were used to assess the role of gut microbiota.

Results
As compared with wild-type mice, acute pancreatitis was exacerbated in heparanase-transgenic mice. Moreover, the gut microbiota differed between heparanase-transgenic and wild-type mice. Heparanase exacerbated acute pancreatitis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Specially, the commensal Parabacteroides contributed most to distinguish the differences between wild-type and heparanase-transgenic mice. Administration of Parabacteroides alleviated acute pancreatitis in wild-type and heparanase-transgenic mice. In addition, Parabacteroides produced acetate to alleviate heparanase-exacerbated acute pancreatitis through reducing neutrophil infiltration.

Conclusions
The gut–pancreas axis played an important role in the development of acute pancreatitis and the acetate produced by Parabacteroides may be beneficial for acute pancreatitis treatment.
Adverse reaction to Coartem (artemether/lumefantrine) resulting in oculogyric crisis
Authors: Amponsah Emmanuel Kofi , Sodnom-Ish Buyanbileg , Anyetei-Anum Aaron Sowah , Frimpong Paul , Kim Soung Min 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Artemether/lumefantrine (AL), sold under the brand name Coartem, is the most common artemisinin-based combination therapy for the treatment of malaria. Drug-induced oculogyric crisis is a neurological disorder characterized by frequent upward deviations of the eye. In the literature, no cases of Coartem-induced oculogyric crisis have been reported in Ghana.

Case presentation
A 19-year-old male patient, who presented fever measuring 37.9 °C, general body pains, and weakness was prescribed with antimalarial therapy artemether/lumefantrine, Coartem®, from a local pharmacy. Just after initiation of treatment, the patient complained of double vision, involuntary upward eye deviation, and inability to close both eyes. The patient was diagnosed with Coartem-induced oculogyric crisis and was treated with the cessation of the causing agent and intramuscular injection of promethazine hydrochloride.

Conclusions
When a patient exhibits a neurological disorder, such as oculogyric crisis, with normal conscious state and normal vital signs, special attention should be given to obtaining a history of recently administered medications. Clinicians should recognize adverse reactions to drugs based on a thorough patient history and examination. The goal of this report was to present Coartem-induced oculogyric crisis.
Characteristics and evolution of inertinite abundance and atmospheric pO2 during China’s coal-forming periods
Authors: Wang Dong-Dong , Yin Lu-Sheng , Shao Long-Yi , Lyu Da-Wei , Liu Hai-Yan , Wang Shuai , Dong Guo-Qi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoal, especially the inertinite in it, is highly sensitive to climate changes, showing an obvious response to paleoclimate conditions, in particular, to paleo-oxygen concentration (pO2). In this study, the inertinite abundance data of typical coal-forming periods in China were systematically collected and analyzed. Its characteristics and control factors were studied, and its evolution was established. Based on inertinite abundance data, pO2 evolution curves of various coal-forming periods in China were established, which fluctuated between 15% and 30% during the entire Phanerozoic. The inertinite abundance in coal deposits during Paleozoic in China was basically consistent with that of other areas of the world, while it was quite different globally from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic. The results show that the inertinite abundance in coal deposits is controlled by pO2 and other factors including climatic zones, plant differentiation, sedimentary environments, and tectonic activities. The inertinite abundance in coal deposits in China during the Jurassic was high, suggesting dry paleoclimate of inland China.
Radical Stories in the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden
Authors: Boehi Melanie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhen the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden was established in Cape Town, South Africa, in 1913, it was envisioned as a site that served white citizens. Kirstenbosch was presented as a landscape in which plants functioned as representatives of their wild habitats. The botanical garden’s curatorial practices silenced histories of colonial occupation, frontier violence, colonial agriculture, and slavery that had shaped the land on which it was built. Narratives that celebrated colonial histories were cultivated in monumental gardening. Throughout its existence, Kirstenbosch has centered Western epistemologies. Where Indigenous knowledge systems were featured, they were mediated through ethnobotany. While human stakeholders lacked commitment to transformation, emergent ecologies evolved that interrupted colonial narratives and Western epistemologies. Discussing histories of wild almond trees, hybrid plants, and cycads, the author suggests that the emergent ecologies around them introduced radical stories to Kirstenbosch. The emergent ecologies’ storytelling is radical because it works at the roots of plants and historical genealogies, and it roots different narratives—of ruination and new flourishing, diversity and local becomings, multispecies kinship and love—into Kirstenbosch. In doing so, the emergent ecologies introduce possibilities for reimagining the botanical garden as an institution of environmental governance from within its confines and its disciplines.
Variations in Preschoolers’ Physical Activity Across the School Year
Authors: Tompkins Connie L. , Shoulberg Erin K. , Meyer Lori E. , Martin Caroline P. , Dennis Marissa , Krasner Allison , Cook Hannah , Hoza Betsy 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to examine (seasonal) variations in preschoolers’ physical activity (PA) across the school year when a PA intervention was versus was not in place and whether patterns of change in PA behavior varied between boys and girls. Kiddie Children and Teachers on the Move, a 30-min structured program designed to engage preschoolers in PA during the school day, was implemented 2–4 times per week for 19–22 wk. PA was measured by accelerometry during the school day during five assessment periods (3 with- and 2 w/no intervention). A total of 90 children (M
age = 4.12 ± 0.63, 47 males, 43 females) were included in analyses. A series of 5 (time) × 2 (sex) mixed-model ANOVA was used to examine PA across assessments and whether patterns of change in PA varied by sex. Significant variation in total PA was observed over the school year (F
4, 352 = 16.35, P < 0.001). Total PA during both nonintervention periods was significantly lower than all three intervention periods (all Ps < 0.01). Similar patterns emerged for moderate-to-vigorous PA and compliance with the Institute of Medicine PA guideline for preschoolers. Significant effects of time were not qualified by the time–sex interaction in any model, suggesting that the pattern of change in PA over time did not vary as a function of sex. Follow-up analyses revealed sex differences in PA behavior within assessment periods. Boys’ total and moderate-to-vigorous PA were significantly greater than girls during nonintervention periods; notably, there were no significant sex differences in these PA behaviors during intervention periods. Findings highlight the importance of structured programs to promote preschoolers’ PA, especially during winter months when PA seems to decline.
Autologous stromal vascular fraction cells combined with platelet-rich plasma for androgenic alopecia treatment: a case series
Authors: Josh Fonny , Soekamto Tomie Hermawan , Faruk Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Background: Stromal vascular fraction cells (SVFs), which can be produced using a mechanical or digestive enzymatic process, are heterogeneous cells with the potential to grow hair in androgenic alopecia patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous cell source that is widely used to treat androgenic alopecia. However, the combined use of PRP and SVFs to treat alopecia is rarely reported. Case presentation: This case series describes three cases of androgenic alopecia, including a32-year-old male, a 43-year-old male, and a 65-year-old male. Androgenic alopecia in these patients was treated by injecting the bald area of the scalp with local autologous PRP combined with SVFs. Follow-up was performed 1–3 months after treatment, which showed good results. The hair grew denser, with increased thickness for each strand. The hair pull test revealed that the hair remained intact. Conclusion: The combination of PRP and SVFs affected all cycles of the hair growth process. SVFs are multipotent cells with the potential to become antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or anti-fibrotic cells. SVFs can regenerate cells that secrete the growth factors, that are essential for angiogenesis, which can improve therapeutic outcomes. This case series will enrich the existing literature by expanding available treatment options for androgenic alopecia.
The effect of pre-operative stoma-site marking on peristomal skin health and quality of life
Authors: Cruz Belén Bueno , López Isabel Jiménez , Soto Alejandra Mera , Vazquez María Carmen , Mouriño María José Fabeiro , Teso Alberto Lado , Blázquez Eduardo García 
Published: May 2021

Aim: To determine the effect of pre-operative stoma-site marking (siting) on ostomates' peristomal skin health and quality of life (QoL). Methods: The Uses and Attitudes in Ostomy (U&A Ostomy) study was conducted across 148 stoma units in Spain. Specialist stoma care nurses personally assessed each ostomate and collected demographic and clinical data. This included whether the stoma was sited before surgery, the stoma's characteristics, the type of appliance used, any stoma-related complications and frequency of leakage. Participants were also assessed using the Discolouration, Erosion, Tissue overgrowth (DET) Ostomy Skin Tool (0–15), Global Wellbeing scale (0–10) and Stoma-QoL scale (0–100). Findings: The study included 871 ostomates. Of these, 64% were male and 36% were female, the mean age was 64±13 years and the mean BMI was 26.5±11; 57.5% had a colostomy, 28.6% had an ileostomy and 13.9% had a urostomy. A stoma site had been pre-operatively marked and respected in 53.1%, marked but not respected in 2.1% and not marked in 44.8% of the cases. The proportion of new ostomates whose stoma had been sited was seen to have increased in recent years. Stoma siting was associated with a permanent ostomy (p=.0001), absence of effluent leakage (p=.008), absence of complications (p<.0001), lower DET score (p.0007), higher Stoma-QoL score (p=.018) and higher global wellbeing score (p=.0018). Multivariate analysis revealed that pre-operative stoma siting (p<.0001) and type of ostomy (p<.0001) were independent predictors of optimal peristomal skin (DET score 0). The Stoma-QoL score was higher in ostomates with pre-operative stoma siting (58.3±10.2 vs 57±10.3; p=.018). Global wellbeing was also higher in those with pre-operative stoma siting (7.6±1.8 vs 7.19±1.9; p=.0018). Conclusions: In Spain, pre-operative stoma siting is not yet consistently applied in practice, despite the educative efforts made by health professionals. Stoma siting is a first-line opportunity to reduce the occurrence of peristomal skin complications (PSCs), and thus it is associated with fewer PSCs and greater self-perceived QoL. More effort is needed to extend this practice to the majority of patients undergoing stoma-forming surgery.
Calibration and data extraction in a Stokes polarimeter employing three wavelengths simultaneously
Authors: Aguilar-Fernández Eusebio , Bruce Neil C. , Rodríguez-Herrera Oscar G. , Espinosa-Luna Rafael 
Published: May 2021

We present a method for calibration and data extraction for a Stokes polarimeter working with three different wavelengths simultaneously. In the Stokes polarimeter considered in this work, we use two liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs) combined with a Glan–Thompson linear polarizer. A recently developed fitting calibration procedure is used. We use the same calibration samples and LCVR voltages for all three wavelengths, giving simultaneous measurement and calibration. We compare the performance of the polarimeter, after calibration, using four or six calibration samples in our experiment. To generate the four known calibration beams, we use a linear polarizer oriented at 130° and 30° with respect to the horizontal, a horizontal linear polarizer followed by a half-wave plate (at 632 nm) with its fast axis at 30°, and a horizontal linear polarizer followed by a quarter-wave plate (at 632 nm) with its fast axis at 30°. For calibration with six reference beams, we add two known calibration beams by setting the fast axis of the half- and quarter-wave plates at 130°. Experimental results show good agreement with the expected results, with the fitting calibration procedure giving an approximately 50% reduction in total RMS error with four calibration samples. There is a negligible reduction in the error when six calibration samples are used compared to the case with four samples.
How to improve automated external defibrillator placement for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: A case study
Authors: Aeby Dylan , Staeger Philippe , Dami Fabrice 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionIn out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs), the use of an automatic external defibrillator (AED) by a bystander remains low, as AEDs may be misplaced with respect to the locations of OHCAs. As the distribution of historical OHCAs is potentially predictive of future OHCA locations, the purpose of this study is to assess AED positioning with regard to past locations of OHCAs, in order to improve the efficiency of public access defibrillation programs.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study from 2014 to 2018. The locations of historical OHCAs and AEDs were loaded into a geodata processing tool. Median distances between AEDs were collected, as well as the number and rates of OHCAs covered (distance of <100 meters from the nearest AED). Areas with high densities of uncovered OHCAs (hotspots) were identified in order to propose the placement of additional AEDs. Areas over-covered by AEDs (overlays) were also identified in order to propose the relocation of overlapping AEDs.ResultsThere were 2,971 OHCA, 79.3% of which occurred at home, and 633 AEDs included in the study. The global coverage rate was 7.5%. OHCAs occurring at home had a coverage rate of 4.5%. Forty hotspots were identified, requiring the same number of additional AEDs. The addition of these would increase the coverage from 7.5% to 17.6%. Regarding AED overlays, 17 AEDs were found to be relocatable without reducing the AED coverage of historical OHCAs.DiscussionThis study confirms that geodata tools can assess AED locations and increase the efficiency of their placement. Historical hotspots and AED overlays should be considered, with the aim of efficiently relocating or adding AEDs. At-home OHCAs should become a priority target for future public access defibrillation programs as they represent the majority of OHCAs but have the lowest AED coverage rates.
A scoping review on biomedical journal peer review guides for reviewers
Authors: Song Eunhye , Ang Lin , Park Ji-Yeun , Jun Eun-Young , Kim Kyeong Han , Jun Jihee , Park Sunju , Lee Myeong Soo 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPeer review is widely used in academic fields to assess a manuscript’s significance and to improve its quality for publication. This scoping review will assess existing peer review guidelines and/or checklists intended for reviewers of biomedical journals and provide an overview on the review guidelines.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED) databases were searched for review guidelines from the date of inception until February 19, 2021. There was no date restriction nor article type restriction. In addition to the database search, websites of journal publishers and non-publishers were additionally hand-searched.ResultsOf 14,633 database publication records and 24 website records, 65 publications and 14 websites met inclusion criteria for the review (78 records in total). From the included records, a total of 1,811 checklist items were identified. The items related to Methods, Results, and Discussion were found to be the highly discussed in reviewer guidelines.ConclusionThis review identified existing literature on peer review guidelines and provided an overview of the current state of peer review guides. Review guidelines were varying by journals and publishers. This calls for more research to determine the need to use uniform review standards for transparent and standardized peer review.Protocol registrationThe protocol for this study has been registered at Research Registry (www.researchregistry.com): reviewregistry881.
Impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol versus standard of care on postoperative Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): A meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Whenzhen , Wu Zehao , Wang Yunlu , Sun Yi , Wu Anshi 
Published: May 2021

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common postoperative complication with an incidence of nearly 15%. Relatively balanced fluid management, flexible use of vasoactive drugs, multimodal analgesia containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are fundamental to ERAS protocols. However, these basic tenants may lead to an increased incidence of postoperative AKI.

Methods
A search was done in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and reference lists to identify relevant studies from inception until May 2020 to be included in this study. Effects were summarized using pooled risk ratios (RRs), mean differences (MDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (Cls) with random effect model. Heterogeneity assessment, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were performed.

Results
A systematic review of nineteen cohort studies covering 17,205 patients, comparing impact of ERAS with conventional care on postoperative AKI was performed. Notably, the ERAS regimen did not increase the incidence of postoperative AKI compared with standard care (RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.52; I2 = 53%). Both goal-directed fluid therapy (RR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.99–1.61; I2 = 55%) and restrictive fluid management (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.57–1.98; I2 = 60%) had no significant effect on the incidence of postoperative AKI. There was no significant statistical difference between different AKI diagnostic criteria (P = 0.43; I2 = 0%). ERAS group had significantly shorter hospital stay (MD: −1.54; 95% CI: −1.91 to −1.17; I2 = 66%). There was no statistical difference in 30-day readmission rate (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.20; I2 = 42%), 30-day reoperation rate (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.34; I2 = 42%) and mortality (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.11; I2 = 0%) between the two groups.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis suggests that ERAS protocols do not increase readmission or reoperation rates and mortality while significantly reducing LOS. Most importantly, the ERAS protocol was shown to have no promoting effect on the incidence of postoperative AKI. Even GDFT and restrictive fluid management cannot avoid the occurrence of postoperative AKI, and the ERAS protocol is still worth recommending and its safety is further confirmed.