bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deszendierende nekrotisierende Mediastinitis: Wahl der Drainage
Authors: Safranek Jarmil , Skala Martin , Vejvodova Sarka , Hosek Petr 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die deszendierende nekrotisierende Mediastinitis (DNM) ist ein seltener, aber sehr schwerwiegender septischer Zustand, der durch das Übertreten einer Infektion aus dem Hals ins Mediastinum hervorgerufen wird. Verzögerung in der Diagnostik und ein unzureichender chirurgischer Eingriff bedeuten für den Kranken einen lebensbedrohenden Zustand.
Material und Methode Wir beurteilen retrospektiv eine Patientengruppe, bei der in unserer Abteilung die DNM durch eine Drainage in den letzten 10 Jahren (2010 – 2019) therapiert wurde. Bei allen Patienten war eine der folgenden Mediastinumdrainagen erforderlich: zervikomediastinale, mediastinothorakale oder zervikomediastinothorakale „Rendevouz“-Drainage (ZMT-D). Wir beurteilten in der Gruppe die Infektionsquelle, den mikrobiologischen Kultivierungsbefund, die Art der Mediastinumdrainage, den Krankenhausaufenthalt, die Beatmungsdauer und die Laborentzündungsparameter.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 22 Patienten mit DNM behandelt, 14 Männer und 8 Frauen im Alter von 23 bis 85 Jahren, Durchschnittsalter 54,1 Jahre. Durch weitere Ausbreitung der Entzündung musste in 8 Fällen der zervikomediastinalen Drainage eine der transthorakalen Drainagemethoden folgen. Letztendlich wurde in 8 Fällen von Mediastinitis eine Spüldrainage aus dem Halszugang, in 6 Fällen durch Thorakotomie und in 8 Fällen durch die Spül-ZMT-D durchgeführt. Die Art der Drainage wurde nach den ersten CT-Befunden ausgewählt, weitere Interventionen nach CT-Kontrollen während der Behandlung. Im Zusammenhang mit DNM starben 4 Patienten (Mortalität 18,2%). Bei 15 Patienten wurde eine Tonsillitis als Ursache einer DNM festgestellt, bei 6 Patienten eine odontogene Infektion und bei 1 Patient blieb die Ursache unklar. Obwohl wir die Methode immer individuell und die ZMT-D für die schwierigeren Fälle auswählten, gab es keine statistisch signifikanten (p < 0,05) Unterschiede
zwischen den bewerteten Parametern. Im Vergleich waren der Krankenhausaufenthalt und die Beatmungsdauer bei der ZMT-D kürzer als bei den anderen Drainagemethoden (nicht signifikant).
Schlussfolgerung Insbesondere bei einer Infektion der distalen Bereiche des Mediastinums halten wir ZMT-D für eine ideale Art der Drainage. Es handelt sich um einen genügend radikalen Behandlungsansatz. Sowohl die Behandlungszeit als auch die Mortalität sind nach Einschätzung in unserer Gruppe trotz des Schweregrads der Erkrankung positiv ausgefallen.
Traumatic Dental Injuries, Treatment, and Complications in Children and Adolescents: A Register-Based Study
Authors: Antipovienė Austė , Narbutaitė Julija , Virtanen Jorma I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective Traumatic dental injury (TDI) is a common dental concern among children worldwide. We performed a retrospective patient register study among children under 18 years to investigate TDIs with respect to causes, treatment, and complications.
Materials and Methods  We collected information on TDIs from the original patient records of 407 child patients visiting dental clinic of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. We analyzed all child patients’ (n = 407) background, cause, type of TDI, treatment, complications, and time elapsed from injury to visit to the dentist.
Statistical Analysis The χ
2-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests served in the statistical analyses.
Results A total of 579 TDI cases occurred during 2010 to 2016. Lateral luxation (19.8%) and intrusion (14.8%) occurred more often in the primary than the permanent dentition (p < 0.05). The most common cause of TDI was falling (56%). Avulsion occurred in approximately 10% of cases. Follow-up (44.5%) and tooth extraction (48.3%) were the most frequent treatments in the primary and splinting (25.3%) in the permanent teeth. Pulp necrosis was the most frequent complication in primary (92%) and permanent (54%) dentition. About 1% of the patients obtained dental care during the first hour after injury.
Conclusion The most frequent TDIs included lateral luxation in primary teeth and enamel-dentine fractures in permanent teeth. We observed a delay in patients obtaining emergency dental care.
Men’s Sheds in Scotland: the potential for improving the health of men
Authors: Kelly Danielle , Teasdale Simon , Steiner Artur , Mason Helen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent policy focus is on the ‘non-obvious’ role of community-based organisations in tackling causes of poor health, such as social exclusion. Men’s Sheds are a type of community-based organisation offering health and wellbeing benefits to men, despite this not being the explicit reason they exist. A qualitative study was conducted in Scotland to identify sustainability challenges that impact on the ability of Sheds to become a formal healthcare service. Findings showed that a reliance on ageing and retired volunteers to undertake operational tasks and generate income to fund activities affected the ability of Sheds to sustain and develop. Further, members preferred their Sheds to remain informal and flexible to fit their specific needs. Although Sheds are recognised for their health and wellbeing benefits to men, policymakers must recognise that formalising their activities might detract from the Shed’s primary aims. This paper summarises specific policy implications and recommendations, taking into consideration tensions between the expectations placed on Sheds to expand into formal healthcare delivery, and the needs of Shed users.

Highlights:

Men’s Shed are known for their ability to contribute to men’s health and wellbeing.

The potential of Shed to take on a formal healthcare role is questionable because of a reliance on ageing and retired volunteers and a preference to remain informal.

Policymakers must recognise that although Sheds might be well placed to offer formal health care this may detract from their primary aims.
The other model antiferroelectric: PbHfO3 thin films from ALD precursors
Authors: Hanrahan Brendan , Milesi-Brault Cosme , Leff Asher , Payne Alexis , Liu Shi , Guennou Mael , Strnad Nicholas 
Published: February 2021

Antiferroelectric PbHfO3 is grown from atomic layer deposition precursors lead bis(dimethylaminomethylpropanolate) and tetrakis dimethylamino hafnium with H2O and O3 oxidizers in thicknesses from 20 nm to 200 nm at a substrate temperature of 250 °C. X-ray analysis shows an as-grown crystalline PbO phase that diffuses into an amorphous HfO2 matrix upon annealing to form a randomly oriented, orthorhombic PbHfO3 thin film. Electrical characterization reveals characteristic double hysteresis loops with maximum polarizations of around 30 µC/cm2 and transition fields of 350 kV/cm–500 kV/cm depending on the thickness. Temperature-dependent permittivity and polarization testing show a phase transition at 185 °C, most probably to the paraelectric phase, but give no clear evidence for the intermediate phase known from bulk PbHfO3. The energy storage density for the films reaches 16 J/cm3 at 2 MV/cm. A dielectric tunability of 221% is available within 1 V for the thinnest film. These results highlight the unique spectrum of properties available for thin film perovskite antiferroelectrics.
Logical complexity of induced subgraph isomorphism for certain families of graphs
Authors: Zhukovskii M. E. , Kudryavtsev E. D. , Makarov M. V. , Shlychkova A. S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate the problem of the most efficient first-order definition of the property of containing an induced subgraph isomorphic to a given pattern graph, which is closely related to the time complexity of the decision problem for this property.
We derive a series of new bounds for the minimum quantifier depth of a formula defining this property for pattern graphs on five vertices, as well as for disjoint unions of isomorphic complete multipartite graphs. Moreover, we prove that for any

there exists a graph on

vertices and a first-order formula of quantifier depth at most

that defines the property of containing an induced subgraph isomorphic to this graph.
Bibliography: 12 titles.
T-cell responses to hybrid insulin peptides prior to type 1 diabetes development
Authors: Mitchell Angela M. , Alkanani Aimon A. , McDaniel Kristen A. , Pyle Laura , Waugh Kathleen , Steck Andrea K. , Nakayama Maki , Yu Liping , Gottlieb Peter A. , Rewers Marian J. , Michels Aaron W. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Immune responses to modified self-proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a prototypical organ-specific autoimmune disease that results from the T-cell–mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells within pancreatic islets. The stages of T1D development allow for the measurement of immune responses prior to clinical symptom onset. In our study, we measured T-cell responses from genetically at-risk individuals to both naturally occurring insulin and hybrid insulin peptides, novel neo-epitopes implicated in T1D pathogenesis. Our results have important implications to stratify the risk of developing T1D and identifying individuals who may benefit from immune intervention studies.
Pandemic precarity: COVID-19 is exposing and exacerbating inequalities in the American heartland
Authors: Perry Brea L. , Aronson Brian , Pescosolido Bernice A. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
The 2008 Great Recession widened socioeconomic inequities among young adults, people of color, and those without a college degree. The COVID-19 pandemic raises renewed concerns about inequality. Leveraging pre–post data from a population-representative sample of Indiana residents, we examine employment and food, housing, and financial insecurity. Comparing data before COVID-19 reached the state and during the initial stay-at-home orders, we find socioeconomic shocks disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups, controlling for prepandemic status. Findings are consistent with patterns of inequality observed following other disasters, including Hurricane Katrina, the Chicago Heatwave, the Buffalo Creek Flood, and the Great Recession. As with these disasters, additional surges are likely to escalate short-term hardships, revealing the axes of social devastation that translate into durable inequality.
Struggles over value: corporate–state suppression of locally led mining mechanisation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Radley Ben , Geenen Sara 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The analytical framework deployed by the extensive global value chain (GVC) literature on African mining fails to consider how and from whom value is transferred within the process of establishing foreign corporate-led mining GVCs, and with what consequences. The authors explore these questions through a case study of the gold value chain in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In this context, they argue that a coalition between transnational capital and the Congolese state has marginalised and held back locally led processes of capital accumulation and mining mechanisation. Based on the findings, the developmental potential of domestically embedded networks of African production is highlighted.
The involvement of leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein in the progression of skin and lung fibrosis in bleomycin-induced systemic sclerosis model
Authors: Nakajima Hideki , Nakajima Kimiko , Serada Satoshi , Fujimoto Minoru , Naka Tetsuji , Sano Shigetoshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
Systemc sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Recently, it has been shown that leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein (LRG) functions as a modulator of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in fibrosis. We aimed to characterize the effect of LRG in SSc model and SSc patients.

Methods
Histological analysis was performed on LRG knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mouse in the skin and the lung after bleomycin administration. Serum LRG levels were measured during the injection period. Gene expression analysis of the skin and lung tissue from LRG KO and WT mice was performed. In addition, serum LRG levels were determined in SSc patients and healthy controls.

Results
LRG KO mice display an inhibition of fibrosis in the skin in association with a decrease of dermal thickness, collagen deposition, and phospho-Smad3 expression after bleomycin. Serum LRG concentration significantly increased in WT mice after bleomycin. There was also a suppression of inflammation and fibrosis in the LRG KO mouse lung indicated by a reduction of lung weight, collagen content, and phospho-Smad3 expression after bleomycin. Gene expressions of TGF-β and Smad2/3 were significantly reduced in LRG KO mice. Serum LRG levels in SSc patients were significantly higher than those in controls.

Conclusion
LRG promotes fibrotic processes in SSc model through TGF-β-Smad3 signaling, and LRG can be a biomarker for SSc in humans and also a potential therapeutic target for SSc.
A Q-switched fiber laser using a Ti2AlN-based saturable absorber
Authors: Kwon SuhYoung , Lee Jinho , Lee Ju Han 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the fabrication of a polarization-insensitive Ti2AlN-based, fiberized saturable absorber (SA) for Q-switching of a fiber laser. The fabrication procedure for the SA is as follows. A mixture of Ti2AlN/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite solution was deposited onto a slide glass and spread evenly. After the spread Ti2AlN/PVA composite dried, the formed film was stripped off the slide glass and transferred onto the flat end of a fiber connection/angled physical contact fiber ferrule. The modulation depth and saturation intensity of the resulting SA were measured to be ∼3.2% and ∼3.4 MW cm−2, respectively. The sandwich-structured SA was successfully used to generate Q-switched pulses from an erbium-doped-fiber ring cavity. The temporal width of the Q-switched pulses with a repetition rate of 41.55 kHz was ∼2.52 μs at a wavelength ∼1557 nm.
Towards absorption spectroscopy by means of mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a step index tellurite fiber
Authors: Lemière Arnaud , Maldonado Anthony , Désévédavy Frédéric , Kibler Bertrand , Mathey Pierre , Gadret Grégory , Jules Jean-Charles , Hoa Nguyen Phuoc Trung , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake , Smektala Frédéric 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report on mid-infrared gas spectroscopy measurements by means of the supercontinuum (SC) absorption spectroscopy method. We developed a 80 MHz-repetition-rate mid-infrared SC light source with an average power of 40 mW generated through nonlinear propagation of 200 fs pulses in a 10 cm-long segment of step-index tellurite fiber. A compact multipass cell is used for analyzing absorption of CO2 and CH4 gases and their mixture in the 2–3.5 µm spectral range. Experimental results are compared to the HITRAN database.
An extended scale-free network evolution model based on global coupling motif embedding
Authors: Wang Difei , Jian Lirong , Duan Linbo , Xue Chenyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe BA scale-free network evolution model assumes that one node enters at every unit time, which does not adequately reflect team entries that usually occur during the evolution of many practical networks, i.e. the phenomenon of motif embedment. Unfortunately, there are no specific studies on how the motif embedment mechanism affects the degree distribution of networks. In order to solve this problem, an extended scale-free network evolution model with global coupling motif embedment and with the motif size obeying an arbitrary discrete probability distribution (called the MEEBA model for short) is formulated with the help of the ‘motif’ concept. Using the Markov chain method, the accurate analytical expression of the network degree distribution of the MEEBA model is obtained and the correctness of the equation is verified through comparisons with numerical simulation results. The study results show that the right tail of the degree distribution of the MEEBA model still has a power-law behavior, while its left tail reflects the horse-head-like shapes of the degree distribution of many real networks. Furthermore, the power-law exponent and the horse-head shapes are both related to the distribution of the motif size. When the motif size follows a one-point distribution, the network degree distribution of the MEEBA model degenerates into a two-parameter Waring-like distribution and its horse-head shapes disappear. In particular, if the expectation of the one-point distribution is 1, the MEEBA model further degenerates to the BA model. Finally, the practicality and effectiveness of the MEEBA model are verified through a case study.
Overview of the I Scientific Conference on Advances in Science, Engineering and Digital Education – ASEDU-2020
Authors: Kovalev Igor V , Voroshilova Anna A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The overview describes the main directions and results of the I International Scientific Conference ASEDU-2020 held in Krasnoyarsk in October 8-9, 2020. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings.
Some aspects of using mixed reality technologies in the training of physics teachers
Authors: Zakharov P V , Kataeva A S , Kochkin A S , Eremin A M , Markidonov A V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The introduction of modern technologies in the learning process at school is an important task, both for the education system as a whole and for an individual teacher. The ability to work with new teaching aids allows the teacher to interest students in their subject. One of these tools is virtual and mixed reality headsets. The emphasis is on mixed reality, although the two are often closely related. The article provides a brief overview of works devoted to the use of mixed reality in teaching physics, a study of the readiness of students of a pedagogical university to use this technology in their future professional activities is carried out. The questionnaire for expert assessment of mixed reality developments has been modified, and a survey of experts in this field has been conducted. The results of the research may be of interest to teachers of various specialties, senior students and graduate students in the field of physics teaching methods.
Numerical modelling of the process of implementing media educational projects using GERT networks
Authors: Dorrer A G , Dorrer M G , Kasyanova E V , Zyryanov A A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this work was to test the applicability of the methods for work networks based on the stochastic GERT networks analysing to the analysis and forecasting of the executing similar projects processes. The experimental object was the data on the implementation of media education projects by students of the general education lyceum. The processes were modelled using the graphical BPMN methodology. For numerical prediction, we used formulas and algorithms for constructing and analysing stochastic GERT networks. The GERT network, built on the basis of data analysis of the implemented media educational projects, made it possible to calculate the probability distribution density of the time of the media project execution, as well as to calculate the first central moments of the distribution law-significant in practice indicators of the average execution time of a media project, taking into account loops and cycles, as well as an indicator of the variance of the project execution time, which makes it possible to estimate the spread of the execution time of the same type of media projects. The result obtained allows us to speak about the applicability of the GERT-model for predicting the numerical indicators of models of business processes for executing projects of the same type as an alternative to statistical simulation.
Info-cognitive technologies in language education
Authors: Dugarova T Ts , Filippovich Yu N , Bulanova M N , Bagramyan E R , Aigumova Z I , Dugarov T-Zh Ts 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Digitalization is global modern challenge leading to digital transformations changing of all society institutes and structures including education. This article presents rationale for the necessity of info-cognitive technologies introduction in native language-related education on the methodological bases of cognitive and cross-cultural approaches. Realization experience of cognizer idea which is an info-cognitive technology of language-culture native speaker mind verbal modeling is represented. Informational system includes the researcher’s web interface, a responder and data bases having total information. An associative inquest for created system testing was carried out; the research was done in the Buryat Republic (Russia). Buryats are Mongolian language ethnic group remained traditional life, values-based attitude to family/nation, nature-made objects. The state of the Buryat language is rated as critical; it was added to the list of endangered world languages by UNESCO. Students aged 17-20 years old took part in this research. There were about 105 stimulus words. They found out specific linguistic consciousness and values-based orientations of native speakers, preservation of respondent’s national language code/mentality which shows the necessity of their consideration in the process of native language studying.
The application of artificial intelligence and Big Data analytics in personalized learning
Authors: Magomadov V S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The concept of personalized learning is not something new in the field of education but with the advent of artificial intelligence and Big Data analytics, new ways of implementing it are being discovered. This paper is focused on these new ways of its application through these technologies. First of all, it explains what personalized learning is and how it differs from traditional teaching methods. Then, it focuses on the artificial intelligence component of personalized learning, and how it can be utilized to make this type of education more effective. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of Big Data in personalized learning, and how this data should be dealt with appropriately. Finally, the paper discusses some of the arguments against these trends in education.
Magnetocaloric properties of multicomponent Laves phase compounds and their composites
Authors: Ćwik J , Koshkid’ko Yu , Nenkov K , Kolchugina N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Heat capacity measurements have been performed for multicomponent (Ho0.9Er0.1)1-xGdxCo2 compounds with x = 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15. The isothermal magnetic entropy change, ΔS
mag, allowing the estimation of the magnetocaloric effect, was determined based on the heat capacity measurements in magnetic fields up to 2 T. A numerical method, with the magnetic entropy change of individual (Ho0.9Er0.1)1-xGdxCo2 compounds, was used to calculate the optimal molar composition of the constituents and the resulting change of the isothermal magnetic entropy of composite, ΔS
comp. The results show that proposed composite can be considered as a refrigerant material in magnetic refrigerators performing an Ericsson cycle in a temperature range of 90-130 K.
Binder and polymeric-ceramic material filled with nanosized Al2O3
Authors: Osipchik V S , Egorov A S , Anokhin A S , Olikhova Yu V , Osipchik V V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The production of polymer-ceramic materials with high technological and mechanical properties requires the development of effective binders. The article considers the influence of modifiers on the curing process of polymethylsiloxane resin. It is shown that the introduction of modifiers helps to reduce the viscosity of the resin, and in the presence of a hardener, it makes it possible to obtain a binder with a low viscosity and an acceptable gelation time. Polymer-ceramic material based on the developed binder and nanoscale plasma-chemical Al2O3 powder has high mechanical properties, reduced shrinkage and porosity.