bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsiveness of Daytime Sleepiness and Fatigue Scales in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: Laberge Luc , Gallais Benjamin , Auclair Julie , Dauvilliers Yves , Côté Isabelle , Mathieu Jean , Gagnon Cynthia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:Daytime sleepiness and fatigue are prominent symptoms of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) that can be amenable to treatment in the context of randomized controlled trials. No study has yet documented whether self-reported measures of daytime sleepiness and fatigue can detect change over time and the meaning of this change. The aim was to explore indicators of responsiveness to change and interpretability for the Daytime Sleepiness Scale and the Fatigue Severity Scale in 115 DM1 prospectively followed patients. Results suggest that these two self-reported questionnaires are sufficiently sensitive to detect changes beyond expected measurement error over time in this population.
Response of the trial innovation network to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Greenberg Rachel G. , Poole Lori , Ford Daniel E. , Hanley Daniel , Selker Harry P. , Lane Karen , Dean J. Michael , Burr Jeri , Harris Paul , Wilkins Consuelo H. , Bernard Gordon , Edwards Terri , Benjamin Daniel K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction:The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the development and implementation of hundreds of clinical trials across the USA. The Trial Innovation Network (TIN), funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, was an established clinical research network that pivoted to respond to the pandemic.Methods:The TIN’s three Trial Innovation Centers, Recruitment Innovation Center, and 66 Clinical and Translational Science Award Hub institutions, collaborated to adapt to the pandemic’s rapidly changing landscape, playing central roles in the planning and execution of pivotal studies addressing COVID-19. Our objective was to summarize the results of these collaborations and lessons learned.Results:The TIN provided 29 COVID-related consults between March 2020 and December 2020, including 6 trial participation expressions of interest and 8 community engagement studios from the Recruitment Innovation Center. Key lessons learned from these experiences include the benefits of leveraging an established infrastructure, innovations surrounding remote research activities, data harmonization and central safety reviews, and early community engagement and involvement.Conclusions:Our experience highlighted the benefits and challenges of a multi-institutional approach to clinical research during a pandemic.
Network models and sensor layers to design adaptive learning using educational mapping
Authors: Huang Luwen , Willcox Karen E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A network modelling approach to educational mapping leads to a scalable computational model that supports adaptive learning, intelligent tutors, intelligent teaching assistants, and data-driven continuous improvement. Current educational mapping processes are generally applied at a level of resolution that is too coarse to support adaptive learning and learning analytics systems at scale. This paper proposes a network modelling approach to structure extremely fine-grained statements of learning ability called Micro-outcomes, and a method to design sensors for inferring a learner’s knowledge state. These sensors take the form of high-resolution assessments and trackers that collect digital analytics. The sensors are linked to Micro-outcomes as part of the network model, enabling inference and pathway analysis. One example demonstrates the modelling approach applied to two community college subjects in College Algebra and Introductory Accounting. Application examples showcase how this modelling approach provides the design foundation for an intelligent tutoring system and intelligent teaching assistant system deployed at Arapahoe Community College and Quinsigamond Community College. A second example demonstrates the modelling approach deployed in an undergraduate aerospace engineering subject at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to support course planning and teaching improvement.
Morphology analysis of tracks in the aerogels impacted by hypervelocity irregular particles
Authors: Du Ai , Ma Yi , Liu Mingfang , Zhang Zhihua , Cao Guangwei , Li Hongwei , Wang Ling , Si Peijian , Shen Jun , Zhou Bin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As an attractive collector medium for hypervelocity particles, combined with outstanding physical properties and suitable compositional characteristics, SiO2 aerogel has been deployed on outer space missions and laser shock-loaded collection experiments. In this paper, impact experiments were conducted to understand the penetration process of irregular grains, irregular Al2O3 grains with two different sizes and speeds (~110 μm@7 km/s, ~251 μm@2.3 km/s) at various density silica aerogels. By classifying the shapes of projectile residues and tracks, the morphology of tracks was analyzed. It was observed that there were several kinds of typical tracks in the penetration of irregular grains, accompanied by residues with the shapes of near-sphere, polyhedron, streamlined body wedge, and rotator. The rotational behavior was demonstrated by the final status of one flake projectile as direct evidence. In addition, there was no obvious relationship between the track length and experimental parameters, which may be caused by the uncertain interaction between aerogels and irregular particles. In addition, it confirmed the existence of fragmentation, melting situation by observing the shape of the impact entrance hole. At the same time, optical coherence tomography was used to observe the detail of tracks clearly, which provided a method to characterize the tracks nondestructively.
Figuring Things Out, Morally Speaking
Authors: Zaibert Leo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe appeal of the moral principle according to which we should treat like cases alike is so great that it verges on the axiomatic, or on the platitudinous. Recently, however, the principle has been challenged in deeply interesting ways. These ways are interesting because they do not invite skepticism about morality at large, but about the specific claim that what is good (or bad) for an agent in a given situation must be good (or bad) for any other similarly situated agent. I here assess the post-challenge viability of the principle. In a sense, the principle survives, but this is neither an unqualified victory nor an inspiring result. The examination of these matters contains an important (and under-investigated) lesson about the nature of moral experience.
Jellybeans… orJelly, Beans…?5-6-year-olds can identify the prosody of compounds but not lists
Authors: XU RATTANASONE Nan , YUEN Ivan , HOLT Rebecca , DEMUTH Katherine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLearning to use word versus phrase level prosody to identify compounds from lists is thought to be a protracted process, only acquired by 11 years (Vogel & Raimy, 2002). However, a recent study has shown that 5-year-olds can use prosodic cues other than stress for these two structures inproduction, at least for early-acquired noun-noun compounds (Yuen et al., 2021). This raises the question of whether children this age can also use naturally-produced prosody toidentifynoun-noun compounds from their list forms in comprehension. The results show that 5-6-year-olds (N = 28) can only identify compounds. Unlike adults, children as a group could not use boundary cues to identify lists and were significantly slower in their processing compared to adults. This suggests that the acquisition of word level prosody may precede the acquisition of phrase level prosody, i.e., some higher-level aspects of phrasal prosody may take longer to acquire.
Experiences of political mobilization and popular participation in Milan's working-class neighbourhoods: 1945–1967
Authors: Soresina Marco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe years 1945–55 were a period of reconstruction for Italy; the following decade was one of economic growth. An aspect of this transition is analysed here, in relation to the forms of social integration created in working-class neighbourhoods. The case-study focuses on Milan, and the two organizations studied are the consulte popolari (the ‘people's councils’), created by the left in the immediate post-war period, and the ‘social centres’ created in the mid-1950s by the IACP (the Autonomous Institute of Public Housing). Both were attempts to involve the new, outlying suburbs in the city's political life, each of them trying to adapt to different political phases. Both, I would like to suggest, succeeded in achieving certain results.
Uncertainty and the social organization of economic activity
Authors: Emmett Ross B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe last two chapters of Frank H. Knight's Risk, Uncertainty and Profit are seldom cited and frequently ignored. But in those chapters, Knight moves from entrepreneurial judgment and organizational strategies to meet the dilemmas uncertainty presents in a firm to the wider question of how uncertainty affects the social organization of economic activity. Ignoring the concluding chapters of Knight's book means we miss an important part of his early career thoughts on the tradeoffs between free enterprise and the social organization of economic activity. The purpose of the paper is to lay out the perspective on social economic organization that he took in the final two chapters of his first major work against the context of his other contemporary writings.
DEDUCTIVE CARDINALITY RESULTS AND NUISANCE-LIKE PRINCIPLES
Authors: EBELS-DUGGAN SEAN C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTheinjectiveversion of Cantor’s theorem appears in full second-order logic as the inconsistency of the abstraction principle, Frege’s Basic Law V (BLV), an inconsistency easily shown using Russell’s paradox. This incompatibility is akin to others—most notably that of a (Dedekind) infinite universe with the Nuisance Principle (NP) discussed by neo-Fregean philosophers of mathematics. This paper uses the Burali–Forti paradox to demonstrate this incompatibility, and another closely related, without appeal to principles related to the axiom of choice—a result hitherto unestablished. It discusses both the general interest of this result, its interest to neo-Fregean philosophy of mathematics, and the potential significance of the Burali–Fortian method of proof.
QUESTIONS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL LOGIC
Authors: VAN GESSEL THOM 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince Kripke, philosophers have distinguished a priori true statements from necessarily true ones. A statement is a priori true if its truth can be established before experience, and necessarily true if it could not have been false according to logical or metaphysical laws. This distinction can be captured formally using two-dimensional semantics.There is a natural way to extend the notions of apriority and necessity so they can also apply to questions. Questions either can or cannot be resolved before experience, and either are or are not about necessary facts. Classical two-dimensionalism has no account of question meanings, so it has to be combined with a framework for question semantics in order to capture these observations. It is shown in [14] how two-dimensional semantics can be combined with inquisitive semantics, in which questions are analyzed in terms of information. The present paper investigates the logic of two-dimensional inquisitive semantics, and provides a complete proof system.
GAMES AND CARDINALITIES IN INQUISITIVE FIRST-ORDER LOGIC
Authors: GRILLETTI GIANLUCA , CIARDELLI IVANO 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInquisitive first-order logic,InqBQ, is a system which extends classical first-order logic with formulas expressing questions. From a mathematical point of view, formulas in this logic express properties of sets of relational structures. This paper makes two contributions to the study of this logic. First, we describe an Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé game forInqBQand show that it characterizes the distinguishing power of the logic. Second, we use the game to study cardinality quantifiers in the inquisitive setting. That is, we study what statements and questions can be expressed inInqBQabout the number of individuals satisfying a given predicate. As special cases, we show that several variants of the questionhow many individuals satisfy$\alpha (x)$are not expressible inInqBQ, both in the general case and in restriction to finite models.
Seed longevity and germination in response to changing drought and heat conditions on four populations of the invasive weed African Lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula)
Authors: Roberts Jason , Florentine Singarayer , van Etten Eddie , Turville Christopher 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
African lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees] is an invasive weed that is threatening biodiversity around the world and will continue to do so unless its efficient management is achieved. Consequently, laboratory and field-based experiments were performed to analyse several measures of germination to determine the effect of drought stress, radiant heat stress and burial depth and duration (longevity) on E. curvula seeds. This study investigated seeds from four spatially varied populations across Australia: Maffra and Shepparton, Victoria; Tenterfield, New South Wales; and Midvale, Western Australia. Results showed that increasing drought stress reduced and slowed germination for all populations. Maffra (24% vs. 83%) and Shepparton (41% vs. 74%) were reduced at the osmotic potential of ≤-0.4 MPa, whilst Tenterfield (35% vs. 98.6%) and Midvale (32% vs. 91%) were reduced at ≤-0.6 MPa, compared to the mean of all other osmotic potentials. Radiant heat at 100 C significantly reduced and slowed germination compared to 40 C for Tenterfield (62% vs. 100%), Shepparton (15% vs. 89%) and Midvale (41% vs. 100%); whilst Maffra (75% vs. 86%) had consistent germination. For the effect of burial depth and duration (longevity), there was no significant difference across the fourteen-month period, however, the 0 cm burial depth had a significantly lower final germination percentage compared to depths of 3, 5 and 10 cm (24% vs. 55%). Although each trial was conducted independently, their results can be used to help identify efficient control measures to reduce infesting populations. Such measures recommended include using soil moisture monitoring to detect which conditions will promote germination, as germination is encouraged when the osmotic potential is >-0.6 MPa; exposing seeds to radiant heat (>100 C) using methods such as prescribed burning; and limiting soil disturbance over time to reduce seed establishment.
The Three‐Dimensional Internal Tide Radiation and Dissipation in the Mariana Arc‐Trench System
Authors: Zhao Chen , Xu Zhenhua , Robertson Robin , Li Qun , Wang Yang , Yin Baoshu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInternal tides are energetic in the Mariana arc, but their three‐dimensional radiation and dissipation remain unexplored, particularly the trench‐arc‐basin impacts. Here, the generation, propagation and dissipation of M2 internal tides over the Mariana area are examined using a series of observation‐supported high‐resolution simulations. The M2 barotropic to baroclinic conversion rate amounts to 8.35 GW, of which two arc‐shaped ridges contribute ∼81% of the generated energy. The contributions to generation by the Mariana basin and deep trench are weak. Nevertheless, they are important in modulating the energy radiation and dissipation, since tidal beams can spread to these areas. The Mariana ridges radiate the westward‐focused and eastward‐spreading tidal beams. This is very consistent with the altimetric measurements. The resonance in the ridge center enhances the westward converging beam, which can travel across the Palau Ridge, 800 km away. In contrast, the eastward beams propagate over a limited lateral range, but can radiate and dissipate significant energy in the deep water column, reaching even to the abyssal Mariana trench. The direct estimation from the model results reveals the dissipation's multilayer vertical profile in the entire water column, and is well consistent with the finescale parameterization estimate based on vertical strain. However, the estimate of an oft‐used energy balance method, which typically assumes an exponentially decaying vertical structure function for the dissipation rate based on distance above the seafloor, is largely inconsistent with the measurements. Our findings highlight the complexity of three‐dimensional radiation paths and dissipation map of internal tides in the Mariana area.
High diagnostic yield in skeletal ciliopathies using massively parallel genome sequencing, structural variant screening and RNA analyses
Authors: Hammarsjö Anna , Pettersson Maria , Chitayat David , Handa Atsuhiko , Anderlid Britt-Marie , Bartocci Marco , Basel Donald , Batkovskyte Dominyka , Beleza-Meireles Ana , Conner Peter , Eisfeldt Jesper , Girisha Katta M. , Chung Brian Hon-Yin , Horemuzova Eva , Hyodo Hironobu , Korņejeva Liene , Lagerstedt-Robinson Kristina , Lin Angela E. , Magnusson Måns , Moosa Shahida , Nayak Shalini S. , Nilsson Daniel , Ohashi Hirofumi , Ohashi-Fukuda Naoko , Stranneheim Henrik , Taylan Fulya , Traberg Rasa , Voss Ulrika , Wirta Valtteri , Nordgren Ann , Nishimura Gen , Lindstrand Anna , Grigelioniene Giedre 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSkeletal ciliopathies are a heterogenous group of disorders with overlapping clinical and radiographic features including bone dysplasia and internal abnormalities. To date, pathogenic variants in at least 30 genes, coding for different structural cilia proteins, are reported to cause skeletal ciliopathies. Here, we summarize genetic and phenotypic features of 34 affected individuals from 29 families with skeletal ciliopathies. Molecular diagnostic testing was performed using massively parallel sequencing (MPS) in combination with copy number variant (CNV) analyses and in silico filtering for variants in known skeletal ciliopathy genes. We identified biallelic disease-causing variants in seven genes:DYNC2H1,KIAA0753, WDR19,C2CD3,TTC21B,EVC, andEVC2. Four variants located in non-canonical splice sites ofDYNC2H1,EVC, andKIAA0753led to aberrant splicing that was shown by sequencing of cDNA. Furthermore, CNV analyses showed an intragenic deletion ofDYNC2H1in one individual and a 6.7 Mb de novo deletion on chromosome 1q24q25 in another. In five unsolved cases, MPS was performed in family setting. In one proband we identified a de novo variant inPRKACAand in another we found a homozygous intragenic deletion ofIFT74, removing the first coding exon and leading to expression of a shorter message predicted to result in loss of 40 amino acids at the N-terminus. These findings establishIFT74as a new skeletal ciliopathy gene. In conclusion, combined single nucleotide variant, CNV and cDNA analyses lead to a high yield of genetic diagnoses (90%) in a cohort of patients with skeletal ciliopathies.
Diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls in NPM1-mutated AML: notes from the field
Authors: Falini Brunangelo , Sciabolacci Sofia , Falini Lorenza , Brunetti Lorenzo , Martelli Maria Paola 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMutations of Nucleophosmin (NPM1) are the most common genetic abnormalities in adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), accounting for about 30% of cases. NPM1-mutated AML has been recognized as distinct entity in the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lympho-haematopoietic neoplasms. WHO criteria allow recognition of this leukaemia entity and its distinction from AML with myelodysplasia-related changes, AML with BCR-ABL1 rearrangement and AML with RUNX1 mutations. Nevertheless, controversial issues include the percentage of blasts required for the diagnosis of NPM1-mutated AML and whether cases of NPM1-mutated myelodysplasia and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia do exist. Evaluation of NPM1 and FLT3 status represents a major pillar of the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) genetic-based risk stratification model. Moreover, NPM1 mutations are particularly suitable for assessing measurable residual disease (MRD) since they are frequent, stable at relapse and do not drive clonal haematopoiesis. Ideally, combining monitoring of MRD with the ELN prognostication model can help to guide therapeutic decisions. Here, we provide examples of instructive cases of NPM1-mutated AML, in order to provide criteria for the appropriate diagnosis and therapy of this frequent leukaemia entity.
Multichannel EEG abnormalities during the first 6 hours in infants with mild hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Garvey Aisling A. , Pavel Andreea M. , O’Toole John M. , Walsh Brian H. , Korotchikova Irina , Livingstone Vicki , Dempsey Eugene M. , Murray Deirdre M. , Boylan Geraldine B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Infants with mild HIE are at risk of significant disability at follow-up. In the pre-therapeutic hypothermia (TH) era, electroencephalography (EEG) within 6 hours of birth was most predictive of outcome. This study aims to identify and describe features of early EEG and heart rate variability (HRV) (<6 hours of age) in infants with mild HIE compared to healthy term infants.

Methods
Infants >36 weeks with mild HIE, not undergoing TH, with EEG before 6 hours of age were identified from 4 prospective cohort studies conducted in the Cork University Maternity Services, Ireland (2003–2019). Control infants were taken from a contemporaneous study examining brain activity in healthy term infants. EEGs were qualitatively analysed by two neonatal neurophysiologists and quantitatively assessed using multiple features of amplitude, spectral shape and inter-hemispheric connectivity. Quantitative features of HRV were assessed in both the groups.

Results
Fifty-eight infants with mild HIE and sixteen healthy term infants were included. Seventy-two percent of infants with mild HIE had at least one abnormal EEG feature on qualitative analysis and quantitative EEG analysis revealed significant differences in spectral features between the two groups. HRV analysis did not differentiate between the groups.

Conclusions
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the EEG before 6 hours of age identified abnormal EEG features in mild HIE, which could aid in the objective identification of cases for future TH trials in mild HIE.

Impact

Infants with mild HIE currently do not meet selection criteria for TH yet may be at risk of significant disability at follow-up.

In the pre-TH era, EEG within 6 hours of birth was most predictive of outcome; however, TH has delayed this predictive value.

72% of infants with mild HIE had at least one abnormal EEG feature in the first 6 hours on qualitative assessment.

Quantitative EEG analysis revealed significant differences in spectral features between infants with mild HIE and healthy term infants.

Quantitative EEG features may aid in the objective identification of cases for future TH trials in mild HIE.