bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hijacking institutional logics in the implementation of a cancer trial
Authors: Holm-Petersen Christina , Møller Anne Mette , Buch Martin Sandberg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPractice-based studies have demonstrated how institutional logics function as repertoires of cultural resources that actors may use strategically for professional (re-)positioning. This article focuses on the concept of hijacking based on a qualitative study of the implementation of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in specialized cancer palliation. Using the logics-as-resources perspective as theoretical framing, we describe the negotiations and hijacking of logics that followed the introduction of the RCT and the temporary reversal of home logics between professional subgroups in cancer treatment and care. The analysis shows how hijacking unfolds in a highly institutionalized and complex professional healthcare setting characterized by intra-institutional heterogeneity. We contribute to the literature by highlighting how hijacking is related to power differentials and identity work and may contribute to obscuring underlying conflicts, in this case between science and care logics. The article develops our understanding of hijacking as a theoretical concept and an empirical phenomenon.
Thyroid dose estimates for the genome-wide association study of thyroid cancer in persons exposed in Belarus to 131I after the Chernobyl accident
Authors: Drozdovitch Vladimir , Minenko Victor , Kukhta Tatiana , Viarenich Kiryl , Trofimik Sergey , Rogounovitch Tatiana , Nakayama Takafumi , Drozd Valentina , Veyalkin Ilya , Mitsutake Norisato , Ostroumova Evgenia , Saenko Vladimir 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Chernobyl accident on 26 April 1986 led to a sharp increase in thyroid cancer (TC) incidence in the individuals exposed to radiation in childhood. The major risk factor for TC was exposure to Iodine-131 (131I). Here, we estimated the thyroid doses due to 131I intake for 2041 participants of the genome-wide association study of TC in Belarusian people exposed to radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident. The following parameter-values specially developed in this study were used to estimate individual thyroid doses: (i) scaling factors for adjustment of the model-based doses, (ii) age and gender diet to characterize 131I intake, and (iii) area-, age- and gender-specific S-values for the thyroid gland per 131I decay in the thyroid. The most reliable doses were calculated for 103 people with measured 131I thyroid activity (the arithmetic mean of 1.2 Gy, median 0.52 Gy), and 275 individuals with detailed residential history and dietary data (the arithmetic mean of 0.41 Gy, median 0.24 Gy). The arithmetic mean of thyroid doses among all study participants was 0.23 Gy (median 0.082 Gy); the highest individual dose was 9.0 Gy. Special attention was paid to the reliability and validity of the obtained estimates, in particular for the individuals without 131I thyroid activity measurements and individual data on residential history and diet, by comparing those with the doses from other post-Chernobyl epidemiological studies. Overall, the doses estimated in the current study were in reasonable agreement with previously reported thyroid doses. These doses will be used in the genome-wide association study of TC in people exposed in Belarus to 131I after the Chernobyl accident.
Fully laparoscopic pancreaticojejunostomy, Puestow procedure (with video)
Authors: Gamez B , Buckel S E , Benitez J , Jarufe N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis usually requires medical treatment and, in rare cases, surgical intervention. The most frequent cause of consultation is chronic pain that is difficult to manage, and therapeutic options such as endoscopy can resolve most problems without surgery. However, when these options fail, surgical management is necessary. The most common surgery is a lateral pancreatic bypass or Puestow surgery. We present the case of a 31-year-old patient with unspecific abdominal discomfort. Abdominal ultrasonography showed significant dilation of the pancreatic duct (18 mm). Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging showed an impacted stone in the head of the pancreas and pancreas divisum. Resolution with endoscopy was attempted, but the pancreatic duct could not be accessed due to impacted lithiasis. After discussion in a multidisciplinary committee, surgical treatment was recommended, and a fully laparoscopic Puestow surgery was performed.
Beauty and Power: Beauticians, the Highlander Folk School, and Women’s Professional Networks in the Civil Rights Movement
Authors: Slate Nico 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In January 1961, fifty-two African American beauticians gathered at the Highlander Folk School, a tiny bastion of racial integration perched in the mountains of Tennessee. They had come to discuss their role in the struggle against American racism. While historians have long acknowledged the importance of gendered networks and women’s organizing within the African American freedom struggle, the history of the beauticians who gathered at Highlander demonstrates the importance of professional networks as a bridge between different local struggles. In their skill at building networks, and their attention to the patient labor required of such building, beauticians were emblematic of the organizing prowess demonstrated by women throughout the civil rights movement. But unlike most African American women, beauticians had the economic independence and social prominence to gain positions of power usually reserved for men. The intersection of their class status and their gendered identity magnified the liminal status of beauticians—and gave that status special power. As they debated their role in the movement, the beauticians who gathered at Highlander struggled to navigate between autonomy and connection, and between participatory democracy and institutional hierarchy. Their struggles reveal the inevitable tension that marked social networks within a movement that challenged not only the forces of white supremacy, but also the inequalities of status and economic power that transcended the color line.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 associated with aircraft travel: a systematic review
Authors: Rosca Elena C , Heneghan Carl , Spencer Elizabeth A , Brassey Jon , Plüddemann Annette , Onakpoya Igho J , Evans David H , Conly John M , Jefferson Tom 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Rationale for the review
Air travel may be associated with viruses spread via infected passengers and potentially through in-flight transmission. Given the novelty of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, transmission associated with air travel is based on transmission dynamics of other respiratory viruses. Our objective was to provide a rapid summary and evaluation of relevant data on SARS-CoV-2 transmission aboard aircraft, report policy implications and to highlight research gaps requiring urgent attention.

Methods
We searched four electronic databases (1 February 2020–27 January 2021) and included studies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission aboard aircraft. We assessed study quality based on five criteria and reported important findings.

Key findings
We included 18 studies on in-flight SARS-CoV-2 transmission (130 unique flights) and 2 studies on wastewater from aircraft. The quality of evidence from most published studies was low. Two wastewater studies reported PCR-positive samples with high cycle threshold values (33–39). Index case definition was heterogeneous across studies. The proportion of contacts traced ranged from 0.68 to 100%. Authors traced 2800/19 729 passengers, 140/180 crew members and 8/8 medical staff. Altogether, 273 index cases were reported, with 64 secondary cases. Three studies, each investigating one flight, reported no secondary cases. Secondary attack rate among studies following up &gt;80% of passengers and crew (including data on 10 flights) varied between 0 and 8.2%. The studies reported on the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Two studies performed viral cultures with 10 positive results. Genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed in individuals from four flights.

Conclusion
Current evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted during aircraft travel, but published data do not permit any conclusive assessment of likelihood and extent. The variation in design and methodology restricts the comparison of findings across studies. Standardized guidelines for conducting and reporting future studies of transmission on aircraft should be developed.
Victory as Defeat: Narrative Subversion of Omride Strength in 1 Kings 20
Authors: Quine Cat 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper argues that 1 Kings 20 is a literary composition that creates an idealized picture of kingship and military victory wherein the king combines with the elders, prophets, and deity to reject the impositions of vassalage and defeat their enemy. Yet, the story subverts the image, and the king is raised up only to be brought down. The result is a didactic reflection on the futility of strong kingship and military victory without appropriate Yahwistic acknowledgement. As such, 1 Kgs 20 appropriately heralds the beginning of the end of the Omride dynasty and undermines any positive associations of military strength they may have had.
Comparing the phenotypic, genotypic, and proteomic identification of Trichosporon species: A globally emerging yeast of medical importance
Authors: Lara Bruna Rossini , de Camargo Bruno Braidotti , Paula Claudete Rodrigues , Junior Diniz Pereira Leite , Garces Hans Garcia , Arnoni Mariana Volpe , Silveira Mônica , Gimenes Viviane Mazo Fávero , Siqueira Lumena Pereira Machado , Takahashi Juliana Possatto Fernandes , Melhem Márcia de Souza Carvalho , Richini-Pereira Virgínia Bodelão , Anversa Laís , Ruiz Luciana da Silva 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Trichosporon spp. are widely distributed in the nature, comprising species that inhabit different ecological niches and can be found in the water, soil, and body surface of animals and humans. Such microorganisms have been classically associated with superficial infections; however, in the last decades, they have also been related to disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients, behaving as opportunistic agents, which demands rapid and accurate species identification for efficient therapy. Concordance level between the traditional phenotypic method and the molecular technique (gold standard) in the identification of all 59 Trichosporon samples was 59.3%. Identification concordance between MALDI-TOF spectrometry and the molecular technique was 71.2%. No isolate of environmental origin was identifiable by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), and 100% of such environmental isolates were discordant for IGS region sequencing and phenotypic characterization. Both comparisons evidenced greatest concordance in the identification of T. asahii. The species T. debeurmannianum, T. dermatis, T. venhuisii and T. insectorum were not properly identified by both MALDI-TOF MS and the phenotypic technique. MALDI-TOF MS, in particular, seems to be appropriate to investigate yeasts of the genus Trichosporon; however, database updates are still necessary, especially for species that are not common in the clinical routine. With the aim of helping understand the aspects involved in early and accurate diagnosis of infections caused by this opportunistic agent, the present study compared the phenotypic, molecular (IGS region) and mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) identification of 59 yeasts of the genus Trichosporon which had clinical and environmental origin and were kept in a mycology collection.
Effects of lipopeptide biosurfactants on clinical strains of Malassezia furfur growth and biofilm formation
Authors: da Silva Gabrielly Oliveira , Farias Bárbara Cibelle Soares , da Silva Renally Barbosa , Teixeira Edson Holanda , Cordeiro Rossana de Aguiar , Hissa Denise Cavalcante , Melo Vânia Maria Maciel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Lipopeptide biosurfactants (LBs) are biological molecules with low toxicity that have aroused growing interest in the pharmaceutical industry. Their chemical structure confers antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against different species. Despite their potential, few studies have demonstrated their capability against Malassezia spp., commensal yeasts which can cause dermatitis and serious infections. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of biosurfactants produced by new strains of Bacillus subtilis TIM10 and B. vallismortis TIM68 against M. furfur and their potential for removal and inhibition of yeast biofilms. Biosurfactants were classified as lipopeptides by FTIR, and their composition was characterized by ESI-Q-TOF/MS, showing ions for iturin, fengycin, and surfactin, with a greater abundance of surfactin. Through the broth microdilution method, both biosurfactants inhibited the growth of clinical M. furfur strains. Biosurfactant TIM10 showed greater capacity for growth inhibition, with no statistical difference compared to those obtained by the commercial antifungal fluconazole for M. furfur 153DR5 and 154DR8 strains. At minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC-2), TIM10 and TIM68 were able to inhibit biofilm formation, especially TIM10, with an inhibition rate of approximately 90%. In addition, both biosurfactants were able to remove pre-formed biofilm. Both biosurfactants showed no toxicity against murine fibroblasts, even at concentrations above MIC-2. Our results show the effectiveness of LBs in controlling the growth and biofilm formation of M. furfur clinical strains and highlight the potential of these agents to compose new formulations for the treatment of these fungi.
The VMC survey – XLIII. The spatially resolved star formation history across the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Mazzi Alessandro , Girardi Léo , Zaggia Simone , Pastorelli Giada , Rubele Stefano , Bressan Alessandro , Cioni Maria-Rosa L , Clementini Gisella , Cusano Felice , Rocha João Pedro , Gullieuszik Marco , Kerber Leandro , Marigo Paola , Ripepi Vincenzo , Bekki Kenji , Bell Cameron P M , de Grijs Richard , Groenewegen Martin A T , Ivanov Valentin D , Oliveira Joana M , Sun Ning-Chen , van Loon Jacco Th 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We derive the spatially resolved star formation history (SFH) for a 96 deg2 area across the main body of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), using the near-infrared photometry from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds (VMC). The data and analyses are characterized by a great degree of homogeneity and a low sensitivity to the interstellar extinction. 756 subregions of size 0.125 deg2 – corresponding to projected sizes of about $296\times 322\, \mathrm{pc}^{2}$ in the LMC – are analysed. The resulting SFH maps, with typical resolution of 0.2–0.3 dex in logarithm of age, reveal main features in the LMC disc at different ages: the patchy star formation at recent ages, the concentration of star formation on three spiral arms and on the Bar up to ages of ∼1.6 Gyr, and the wider and smoother distribution of older populations. The period of most intense star formation occurred roughly between 4 and 0.5 Gyr ago, at rates of $\sim \!0.3\, \mbox{$\mathrm{M}_{\odot }$}\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. We compare young and old star formation rates with the observed numbers of RR Lyrae and Cepheids. We also derive a mean extinction and mean distance for every subregion, and the plane that best describes the spatial distribution of the mean distances. Our results cover an area about 50 per cent larger than the classical SFH maps derived from optical data. Main differences with respect to those maps are lower star formation rates at young ages, and a main peak of star formation being identified at ages slightly younger than 1 Gyr.
A genome-wide screen reveals the involvement of enterobactin-mediated iron acquisition inEscherichia colisurvival during copper stress
Authors: Casanova-Hampton Kaitlin , Carey Alexis , Kassam Sarah , Garner Alyssa , Donati George L , Thangamani Shankar , Subashchandrabose Sargurunathan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCopper (Cu) is a key transition metal that is involved in many important biological processes in a cell. Cu is also utilized by the immune system to hamper pathogen growth during infection. However, genome-level knowledge on the mechanisms involved in adaptation to Cu stress is limited. Here, we report the results of a genome-wide reverse genetic screen for Cu-responsive phenotypes in Escherichia coli. Our screen has identified novel genes involved in adaptation to Cu stress in E. coli. We detected multiple genes involved in the biosynthesis and uptake of enterobactin, a siderophore utilized for high-affinity TonB-dependent acquisition of iron (Fe), as critical players in survival under Cu intoxication. We demonstrated the specificity of Cu-dependent killing by chelation of Cu and by genetic complementation of tonB. Notably, TonB is involved in protection from Cu in both laboratory and uropathogenic strains of E. coli. Cu stress leads to increased expression of the genes involved in Fe uptake, indicating that Fur regulon is derepressed during exposure to excess Cu. Trace element analyses revealed that Fe homeostasis is dysregulated during Cu stress. Taken together, our data supports a model in which lack of enterobactin-dependent Fe uptake leads to exacerbation of Cu toxicity, and elucidates the intricate connection between the homeostasis of Cu and Fe in a bacterial cell.
Intracranially injectable multi-siRNA nanomedicine for the inhibition of glioma stem cells
Authors: Manju Cheripelil Abraham , Jeena Kottarapat , Ramachandran Ranjith , Manohar Maneesh , Ambily Anna Mathew , Sajesh Koythatta Meethalveedu , Gowd Genekehal Siddaramana , Menon Krishnakumar , Pavithran Keechilat , Pillai Ashok , Nair Shantikumar V , Koyakutty Manzoor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundNanoparticle siRNA-conjugates are promising clinical therapeutics as indicated by recent US-FDA approval. In glioma stem cells (GSC), multiple stemness associated genes were found aberrant. We report intracranially injectable, multi-gene-targeted siRNA nanoparticle gel (NPG) for the combinatorial silencing of 3 aberrant genes, thus inhibiting the tumorogenic potential of GSCs.MethodsNPG loaded with siRNAs targeted against FAK, NOTCH-1, and SOX-2 were prepared by the self-assembly of siRNAs with protamine–hyaluronic acid combination. Electron microscopy, DLS, and agarose gel electrophoresis were used for the physicochemical characterization. Cell transfection and gene-silencing efficiency were studied using human mesenchymal stem cells and rat C6 glioma-derived GSCs. Neurosphere inhibition was tested in vitro using GSCs derived from C6 cell line and glioma patient samples. Patient-derived xenograft model and orthotopic rat glioma model were used to test the effect of NPG on in vivo tumorigenicity.ResultsThe siRNA nanoparticles with an average size ~ 250 nm and ~ 95% loading efficiency showed cellular uptake in ~95.5% GSCs. Simultaneous gene silencing of FAK, NOTCH-1, and SOX-2 led to the inhibition of neurosphere formation by GSCs, whereas normal stem cells remained unaffected and retained neuronal differentiation capability. GBM PDX models manifested significant impairment in the tumorigenic potential of NPG treated GSCs. Intracranial injection of NPG inhibited tumor growth in orthotopic rat brain tumor model.ConclusionIntracranially injectable n-siRNA NPG targeted to multiple stem-cell signaling impairs glioma initiation capabilities of GSCs and inhibited tumor growth in vivo.
Worldwide impacts of atmospheric vapor pressure deficit on the interannual variability of terrestrial carbon sinks
Authors: He Bin , Chen Chen , Lin Shangrong , Yuan Wenping , Chen Hans W , Chen Deliang , Zhang Yafeng , Guo Lanlan , Zhao Xiang , Liu Xuebang , Piao Shilong , Zhong Ziqian , Wang Rui , Tang Rui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Interannual variability of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink is substantially regulated by various environmental variables and highly dominates the interannual variation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Thus, it is necessary to determine dominating factors affecting the interannual variability of the carbon sink to improve our capability of predicting future terrestrial carbon sinks. Using global datasets derived from machine-learning methods and process-based ecosystem models, this study reveals that the interannual variability of the atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was significantly negatively correlated with net ecosystem production (NEP) and substantially impacted the interannual variability of the atmospheric CO2 growth rate (CGR). Further analyses found widespread constraints of VPD interannual variability on terrestrial gross primary production (GPP), causing VPD to impact NEP and CGR. Partial correlation analysis confirms the persistent and widespread impacts of VPD on terrestrial carbon sinks compared to other environmental variables. Current Earth system models underestimate the interannual variability in VPD and its impacts on GPP and NEP. Our results highlight the importance of VPD for terrestrial carbon sinks in assessing ecosystems’ responses to future climate conditions.
CRISPR/Cas9 mediated somatic gene therapy for insertional mutations: the vibrator mouse model
Authors: Fu Xin , Zhu Jie , Duan Yaou , Lu Paul , Zhang Kang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Somatic gene therapy remains technically challenging, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). Efficiency of gene delivery, efficacy in recipient cells, and proportion of cells required for overall benefit are the key points needed to be considered in any therapeutic approach. Recent efforts have demonstrated the efficacy of RNA-guided nucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9 in correcting point mutations or removing dominant mutations. Here we used viral delivered Cas9 plasmid and two guide RNAs to remove a recessive insertional mutation, vibrator (vb), in the mouse brain. The vb mice expressed ∼20% of normal levels of phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, α (PITPα) RNA and protein due to an endogenous retrovirus inserted in intron 4, resulting in early-onset tremor, degeneration of brainstem and spinal cord neurons, and juvenile death. The in situ CRISPR/Cas9 viral treatment effectively delayed neurodegeneration, attenuated tremor, and bypassed juvenile death. Our studies demonstrate the potential of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene therapy for insertional mutations in the postnatal brain.