bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Two‐Step Double Annulation of N‐Methoxybenzamides with Alkynes and Alkenes: Regioselective Construction of Isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinolin‐5(7H)‐ones
Authors: Naikawadi Praveen Kumar , Mucherla Lingaswamy , Dandela Rambabu , Sambari Madhavi , Kumar K. Shiva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA one‐pot two‐step double annulation strategy to produce isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinolin‐5(7H)‐ones via the reaction of N‐methoxybenzamides with symmetrical/unsymmetrical alkynes and alkenes has been developed, which proceeds through Ru‐catalysed unsymmetrical double annulations using a single DG under single catalytic conditions. Furthermore, we have developed amide‐alkyne regioselective annulations using unsymmetrical internal alkynes having oxygen/nitrogen substituents leading to a single isomer. The developed procedure offers broad substrate scope, tolerates a wide range of functional groups and affords good product yields.magnified image
Theoretical Investigation of CsBX3 (B = Pb, Sn; X = I, Br, Cl) Using Tran–Blaha Modified Becke–Johnson Approximation for Flexible Photoresponsive Memristors
Authors: Khera Ejaz Ahmad , Ullah Hafeez , Imran Muhammad , Khalil R. M. Arif , Hussain Fayyaz , Algadi Hassan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe structural, elastic, charge conduction and photoresponsive properties of halide perovskites, i.e., CsBX3 (B = Pb, Sn; X = I, Br, Cl) are investigated using the full potential‐linearized augmented plane wave (FP‐LAPW) method in the frame work of density functional theory (DFT). Perdew Burke Ernzerhof (PBE) functional belonging to the generalized‐gradient approximation (GGA) is implemented. For the better estimation of electronic parameters, the Tran–Blaha modified Becke–Johnson (TB‐mBJ) potential is employed. The elastic parameters such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, the Pugh's ratio, anisotropy factor, Poisson's coefficient, and melting temperature (Tm) are estimated within Voigt‐Ruess‐Hill approximations. The energy band structure results, total density of states (TDOS), partial density of states (PDOS) outcomes, and isosurface charge density contour plots disclose that Sn2+and I1− are more appropriate divalent cation and anion respectively, among all studied composites especially for the application of photoresponsive resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. Moreover, partial density of states (PDOS) outcomes depict that conduction band formation is consequence of hybridization of electrons from p‐orbitals of divalent cations, i.e., Pb, Sn and I/Br/Cl halogen anions. Besides, regarding charge conduction Sn‐based composites offer minimal energy bandgap as compared to Pb‐based composites. The energy bandgap order for Sn‐based compounds is found as CsSnI3> CsSnBr3> CsSnCl3. The optical analysis renders that CsSnI3 have the capability to absorb a wide range of ultraviolet (UV), visible and infrared (IR) electromagnetic incident radiations thus, make it much suitable material for optoelectronic memristors and associated applications.
Exploiting Generative Design for 3D Printing of Bacterial Biofilm Resistant Composite Devices
Authors: He Yinfeng , Abdi Meisam , Trindade Gustavo F. , Begines Belén , Dubern Jean‐Frédéric , Prina Elisabetta , Hook Andrew L. , Choong Gabriel Y. H. , Ledesma Javier , Tuck Christopher J. , Rose Felicity R. A. J. , Hague Richard J. M. , Roberts Clive J. , De Focatiis Davide S. A. , Ashcroft Ian A. , Williams Paul , Irvine Derek J. , Alexander Morgan R. , Wildman Ricky D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the understanding of disease grows, so does the opportunity for personalization of therapies targeted to the needs of the individual. To bring about a step change in the personalization of medical devices it is shown that multi‐material inkjet‐based 3D printing can meet this demand by combining functional materials, voxelated manufacturing, and algorithmic design. In this paper composite structures designed with both controlled deformation and reduced biofilm formation are manufactured using two formulations that are deposited selectively and separately. The bacterial biofilm coverage of the resulting composites is reduced by up to 75% compared to commonly used silicone rubbers, without the need for incorporating bioactives. Meanwhile, the composites can be tuned to meet user defined mechanical performance with ±10% deviation. Device manufacture is coupled to finite element modelling and a genetic algorithm that takes the user‐specified mechanical deformation and computes the distribution of materials needed to meet this under given load constraints through a generative design process. Manufactured products are assessed against the mechanical and bacterial cell‐instructive specifications and illustrate how multifunctional personalization can be achieved using generative design driven multi‐material inkjet based 3D printing.
Temporal integration of remote‐sensing land cover maps to identify crop rotation patterns in a semiarid region of Argentina
Authors: Aoki Antonio M. , Robledo José I. , Izaurralde Roberto C. , Balzarini Mónica G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCrop rotations are key agronomic tools to enhance farm productivity, preserve soil, and ensure provision of ecosystem services. Knowledge of the spatio‐temporal distribution of crops over regions is essential to characterize rotations at field scale and estimate their impacts on several outcomes. Our objectives were to: (a) determine the diversity of cropping systems practiced in a semiarid region of central Argentina during an 8‐yr period and (b) use the generated high‐resolution crop rotation map jointly with estimates of soil erosion to evaluate the potential linkage between cropping sequences and water erosion intensity. Temporally aggregated seasonal land‐cover maps were used to derive spatially explicit crop rotations during 2011–2018 across a 6,000 km2 semiarid agricultural region in Argentina. Soybean (Sy) [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and maize (Mz) (Zea mays L.) defined the major crop rotations of the study area. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) occupied minor areas and thus were assimilated into the dominant summer cropping systems. Only seven sequences of summer crops, most of them including soybean and maize, accounted for >90% of the spatio‐temporal variability. Soybean monoculture was the dominant cropping system (28.5%), followed by a 3‐yr Sy–Sy–Mz rotation (23.9%), and other soybean‐dominated rotation patterns. In winter, the prevailing land cover was stubble (96.6%). The generated high‐resolution maps illustrate the low diversity of crops in the study area. Mapping the spatio‐temporal distribution of land cover allowed for quantification of land transformations and the examination of linkages between soybean monocropping and erosion.
Radiation synthesis of graphene oxide/composite hydrogels and their ability for potential dye adsorption from wastewater
Authors: Gad Yasser H. , Nasef Shaimaa M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA high yield of graphene oxide (GO) was chemically synthesized from graphite powder utilizing adjusted Hummer's method. The contents of acidic functional groups in GO were determined using potentiometric titration. Composite hydrogels dependent on graphene oxide/poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid)/polyvinyl alcohol (GO/PAMPS/PVA) were synthesized utilizing a 60Co gamma irradiation source at different doses. The synthesized graphene oxide and composite hydrogels were portrayed via X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The morphology of composite hydrogels was characterized by scanning electron microscope. The gel % and swelling % for the prepared hydrogel demonstrated that the swelling % of hydrogel increased with raising AMPS content. Whereas the increment of GO and increasing the irradiation dose lead to a reduction in the swelling %. The influences of pH, GO percentage, initial dye concentration, the adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of basic blue 3 dye were evaluated and the adsorption capacity was 194.6 mg/g at optimum conditions; pH = 6, GO/PAMPS/PVA composite hydrogels with 5 wt% of GO, initial dye concentration = 200 mg/L, adsorbent dose = 0.1 g, solution volume = 50 mL after 360 min at room temperature (25°C). The adsorption of dye onto the GO/PAMPS/PVA composite hydrogels follows Pseudo‐second‐order adsorption kinetics, fits the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model.
Coping with climate change: Phenotypic plasticity in an imperilled freshwater fish in response to elevated water temperature
Authors: Potts Lindsay B. , Mandrak Nicholas E. , Chapman Lauren J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Climate change has emerged as an increasingly important threat to freshwater systems. To cope with rapidly changing thermal regimes, freshwater fishes must either relocate or adjust through genetic adaptation and/or phenotypic plasticity. Short‐term responses to elevated water temperature have been well studied in freshwater fishes; however, far less is understood about change induced by long‐term exposure. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effects of temperature on already imperilled species, which may be more sensitive to environmental change.
This study investigated the effects of rearing temperature on critical thermal maximum (CTmax), agitation temperature (Tag, temperature at which fish show behavioural signs of thermal stress) and gill size in pugnose shiner, Notropis anogenus, a threatened species in Canada. Juvenile pugnose shiner were reared for 4 months across five different ecologically relevant temperatures. CTmax and Tag were measured under normoxia and acute exposure to hypoxia to test for oxygen sensitivity of the upper thermal limits in this species.
CTmax increased with elevated water temperature. Tag also increased with rearing temperature and occurred, on average, 4.3°C above acclimation temperatures. The CTmax and Tag were lower when fish were exposed acutely to hypoxia. Interestingly, gill size (e.g. total gill filament length) increased with rearing temperature, which may increase oxygen uptake capacity and support increased metabolic demands of warmer waters.
Overall, pugnose shiner show plasticity in several traits in response to long‐term exposure to elevated water temperature that may facilitate persistence in warmer waters. However, acute hypoxia exposure reduced thermal tolerance, stressing the importance of evaluating interactive effects of multiple stressors.
Identifying source populations of pugnose shiner with greater thermal tolerance or implementing captive breeding under higher temperature regimes may improve the success of re‐introduction efforts in the face of climate change, but the consequences to fitness of increased thermal tolerance should be examined.
The utility of magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer diagnosis in the Australian setting
Authors: Tay Jia Ying Isaac , Chow Ken , Gavin Dominic J. , Mertens Evie , Howard Nicholas , Thomas Benjamin , Dundee Philip , Peters Justin , Simkin Paul , Kranz Sevastjan , Finlay Moira , Heinze Stefan , Kelly Brian , Costello Anthony , Corcoran Niall 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for prostate cancer diagnosis in the Australian setting.Patients and methodsAll consecutive men who underwent a prostate biopsy (transperineal or transrectal) at Royal Melbourne Hospital between July 2017 to June 2019 were included, totalling 332 patients. Data were retrospectively collected from patient records. For each individual patient, the risk of prostate cancer diagnosis at biopsy based on clinical findings was determined using the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) risk calculator, with and without incorporation of MRI findings.ResultsMRI has good diagnostic accuracy for clinically significant prostate cancer. A PI‐RADS 2 or lower finding has a negative predictive value of 96% for clinically significant cancer, and a PI‐RADS 3, 4 or 5 MRI scan has a sensitivity of 93%. However, MRI has a false negative rate of 6.5% overall for clinically significant prostate cancers. Pre‐ biopsy MRI may reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, as up to 50.0% of negative or ISUP1 biopsies have MRI PI‐RADS 2 or lower. Incorporation of MRI findings into the ERSPC calculator improved predictive performance for all prostate cancer diagnoses (AUC 0.77 vs 0.71, P = .04), but not for clinically significant cancer (AUC 0.89 vs 0.87, P = .37).ConclusionMRI has good sensitivity and negative predictive value for clinically significant prostate cancers. It is useful as a pre‐biopsy tool and can be used to significantly reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. However, MRI does not significantly improve risk predictions for clinically significant cancers when incorporated into the ERSPC risk calculator.
Impaired awareness: Why people with multiple sclerosis continue using cannabis despite evidence to the contrary
Authors: Feinstein Anthony , Meza Cecilia , Stefan Cristiana , Staines William R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith widespread moves toward legalization of cannabis, increasing numbers of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are using the drug. Emerging MS‐related data show that cannabis can cause or exacerbate cognitive dysfunction.ObjectiveTo understand why people with MS continue using cannabis despite adverse cognitive consequences. It was hypothesized that lack of awareness, a component of metacognition, could explain this decision, in part.MethodForty pwMS who smoked cannabis almost daily were assigned by odd–even case number selection to either a cannabis continuation (CC) or cannabis withdrawal (CW) group. Both groups were followed for 28 days. All participants completed, at baseline and day 28, the brief repeatable battery of neuropsychological tests (BRNB) in MS for measures of processing speed, memory and executive function; Modified fatigue impact scale (mFIS) for self‐report indices of cognitive functioning.ResultsNo significant baseline differences between the groups on the BRNB and mFIS. At day 28, significant improvement within group was seen on all measures of the BRNB, but only in the CW group (p = .0001 for all indices). A repeat measure ANOVA did not find any significant group (CC vs. CW) × time (baseline and day 28) interactions for the self‐report cognitive measures on the mFIS. Cannabis abstainers did report less ability to function away from home. All 19 participants in the CW group reverted to using cannabis on study completion despite being informed individually of their cognitive improvement.Conclusions and relevanceThe inability of pwMS to accurately appraise their memory and executive function can help explain, in part, why they continue to smoke cannabis despite objective evidence of the deleterious cognitive side effects of this behavior.
FaceCaps for facial expression recognition
Authors: Wu Fangyu , Pang Chaoyi , Zhang Bailing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFacial expression recognition (FER) is a significant research task in the computer vision field. In this paper, we present a novel network FaceCaps for facial expression recognition with the following novel characteristics: an embedding structure based on a Capsule network which encodes relative spatial relationships between features; incorporates the feature polymerization property of FaceNet, thus offering a more efficient approach to discriminate complex facial expressions; a target reconstruction loss as a better regularization term for Capsule networks. Experimental results on both lab‐controlled datasets (CK+) and real‐world databases (RAF‐DB and SFEW 2.0) demonstrate that the method significantly outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art.
Safety and efficacy of Everolimus‐Eluting bioabsorbable Polymer‐Coated stent in patients with long coronary lesions: The EVOLVE 48 study
Authors: Karmpaliotis Dimitrios , Stoler Robert , Walsh Simon , El‐Jack Seif , Potluri Srinivasa , Moses Jeffrey , Oldroyd Keith , Banning Adrian , Webster Mark , Zaman Azfar , Wu Willis , Ahmed Mudassar , Underwood Paul , Allocco Dominic 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe EVOLVE 48 study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the SYNERGY 48 mm stent for the treatment of long lesions.BackgroundClinical evidence supporting the use of very long stents during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is limited. The bioabsorbable polymer SYNERGY stent has shown good long‐term data in a broad population of patients undergoing PCI.MethodsPatients with lesion length >34‐ ≤44 mm and reference vessel diameter (RVD) ≥2.5‐ ≤ 4.0 mm were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter, single‐arm study. The primary endpoint was 12‐month target lesion failure (TLF; composite of target lesion revascularization [TLR], target‐vessel myocardial infarction [TV‐MI], or cardiac death) compared to a prespecified performance goal (PG).ResultsA total of 100 patients with mean lesion length of 35.34 ± 7.15 mm (26 patients with lesion length > 40 mm) and mean RVD 2.72 ± 0.44 mm were enrolled. Moderate to severe calcification was present in 30% of the patients and 89% had pre‐TIMI flow grade 3. The rates of technical and clinical procedural success were 100%. One‐year TLF was observed in 4.1% patients compared to a prespecified PG of 19.5% (95% upper confidence bound = 9.1%; p < 0.0001). Cardiac death and TLR were each observed in one patient, and TV‐MI in two patients treated with SYNERGY 48 mm stent. Between the 1‐2‐year timeframe, TV‐MI occurred in one additional patient. None of the patients experienced a definite or probable stent thrombosis through 2 years.ConclusionsPCI of long coronary lesions with the 48 mm SYNERGY stent demonstrated good procedural and clinical outcomes through 2 years, supporting its clinical safety and efficacy.
Accurate assessment of coronary blood flow by continuous thermodilution technique: Validation in a swine model
Authors: Adjedj Julien , Picard Fabien , Mogi Satoshi , Bize Alain , Sambin Lucien , Muller Olivier , Varenne Olivier , De Bruyne Bernard , Ghaleh Bijan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of coronary thermodilution measurements made with the RayFlow® infusion catheter.BackgroundMeasurements of absolute coronary blood flow (ABF) and absolute microvascular resistance (Rμ) by continuous coronary thermodilution can be obtained in humans but their accuracy using a novel dedicated infusion catheter has not yet been validated. We compared ABF values obtained at different infusion rates to coronary blood flow (CBF) values obtained using flow probes, in swine.MethodsTwelve domestic swine were instrumented with coronary flow probes placed around the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries. ABF was assessed with the RayFlow® infusion catheter during continuous saline infusion at fixed rates of 5 (n = 14), 10 (n = 15), 15 (n = 19), and 20 (n = 12) ml/min.ResultsIn the 60 measurements, ABF measured using thermodilution averaged 41 ± 17 ml/min (range from 17 to 90) and CBF values obtained with the coronary flow probes averaged 37 ± 18 ml/min (range from 8 to 87). The corresponding Rμ values were 1532 ± 791 (range from 323 to 5103) and 1903 ± 1162 (range from 287 to 6000) Woods units using thermodilution and coronary flow probe assessments, respectively. ABF and Rμ values measured using thermodilution were significantly correlated with the corresponding measurements obtained using coronary flow probes (R = 0.84 [0.73–0.95] and R = 0.80 [0.69–0.88], respectively).ConclusionsABF and Rμ assessed by continuous saline infusion through a RayFlow® catheter closely correlate with measurements obtained with the gold standard coronary flow probes in a swine model.
A monitoring framework for transparency and fairness in big data platform
Authors: Aslaoui Mokhtari Karima , Benbernou Salima , Ouziri Mourad , Lahmar Hakim , Younas Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBig data comprises large volume of complex, (semi) structured, and unstructured data which are processed and analyzed in order to help organizations in making strategic decisions. This paper investigates into privacy, transparency, and fairness of big data. It contends that these factors are crucial and must be taken into account when collecting, analyzing, and using large scale personal data. It proposes a novel framework that monitors personal data usage in big data platform in order to ensure that data usage is compliant with the transparency and fairness as stipulated by Privacy Transparency Fairness Agreement (PTFA) rules. The proposed framework is implemented using Python and Java. It is evaluated using multi‐nodes cluster with millions of lines of data and thousands of contracts. Various experiments are conducted in order to evaluate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed framework. These show that the proposed framework is efficient and scalable when monitoring transparency and fairness in big data collection, analysis, and usage. Visualization experiments are also conducted in order to derive relevant indicators, for instance, to monitor non‐compliance of PTFA rules, visualize the alerts, and show the proportion of personal data being violated as compared to the number of contracts.
A modified farmland fertility algorithm for solving constrained engineering problems
Authors: Gharehchopogh Farhad Soleimanian , Farnad Behnam , Alizadeh Ali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSolving constrained engineering optimization problems is a highly significant issue, and many different approaches have been proposed in this regard. In this article, a modified farmland fertility algorithm (FFA) has been proposed. This algorithm improves new solutions by benefiting from neighborhoods produced by the new method. In the proposed algorithm, the FFA algorithm phases are modified in the update functions, and some of its variables are replaced with new ones. In the first phase of the algorithm, a mutation is also used to improve the solution of the problem with a particular rule. The results on CEC2019 standard functions were examined to determine the impact of the new parameters. Experiments were performed on 26 standard functions and two constrained engineering optimization problems. To make a better comparison, the analysis of variance, without parameters such as the Friedman test and Pairwise test, was used to evaluate and compare the algorithms. These experiments showed that the proposed algorithm is capable of high‐speed convergence and can minimize most standard functions and engineering constraints within the minimum time and the least function evaluation to the optimum value. The proposed FFA could outperform the previous version of the FFA with minimum modification in convergence, CPU‐time, and complexity.
Leveraging big data in smart cities: A systematic review
Authors: Karimi Yaghoob , Haghi Kashani Mostafa , Akbari Mohammad , Mahdipour Ebrahim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, the notion of a smart city, which includes smart well‐being, smart transit, and smart society, has attracted much attention due to its impact on people's quality of living. Data in smart cities are characterized by variety, velocity, volume, value, and veracity that are the well‐known characteristics of big data. The fast pace expanding of IoT devices and sensors in smart cities generates a huge volume of data that can help decision‐makers and managers in city management. The aim of this article is to wholly and systematically review big data handling approaches in smart cities, in which we analyze research efforts published between 2013 and February 2021, where these techniques are categorized based on their algorithms and architectures. Further, the main ideas, evaluation techniques, tools, evaluation metrics, algorithm types, advantages, and disadvantages are explored. Additionally, essential evaluation factors are introduced in which scalability and availability by 16%, time by 15% and accuracy by 11% are more in focus, and finally, some of the challenges, open issues, and future trends that are valuable for further research are suggested in big data handling approaches in smart cities.