bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CGRP overexpression does not alter depression-like behavior in mice
Authors: Hashikawa-Hobara Narumi , Otsuka Ami , Okujima Chihiro , Hashikawa Naoya 
Published: July 2021

Background
The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that is released from capsaicin-sensitive nerves as a potent vasodilator involved in nociceptive transmission. While CGRP has been rigorously studied for its role in migraines owing to its vasodilation and inflammation activities, the effects of CGRP overexpression on depressive-like behaviors remain insufficiently understood.

Methods
In the present study, we performed a battery of behavioral tests, including the social interaction test, open field test, and sucrose preference test, to evaluate social defeat stress using male C57BL6J or CGRP overexpression in transgenic (Tg) mice (CGRP Tg). We performed mRNA and protein analyses on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K in the hippocampi.

Results
CGRP Tg mice showed increased levels of Bdnf mRNAs, low locomotor activity, and no deficits in social interaction, which indicate that CGRP Tg mice exhibit stress resistance and not depression. However, the open field test significantly decreased after 15-day social defeat stress exposure. We also evaluated depressive-like behavior using the sucrose preference and social interaction tests. Our data indicate that defeated CGRP Tg mice exhibited a depressive-like phenotype, which was inferred from increased social avoidance and reduced sucrose preference compared with non-defeated controls. Although stress exposure did not change the BDNF levels in CGRP Tg mice, it significantly decreased the expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K in the mice hippocampi. We conclude that CGRP-overexpressing Tg mice have normal sensitivity to stress and down-regulated hippocampal Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathways.
Analysis and Determination of Polyphenol and Iron Concentrations in Some Selected Seaweed Species using UV-Vis
Authors: Bungudu J. I. , Murphy Lorrie M. 
Published: July 2021

Seaweeds readily absorb heavy metals that are present in their environment, because of this; they are an effective way of monitoring heavy metal pollution in an area. The metal that is absorbed can be damaging to the seaweed cell walls. Seaweeds have evolved over time to have excellent antioxidant systems to combat this damage. One antioxidant they produce is polyphenol, a chemical molecule containing many phenol rings that bind to metals and keep them from the damaging the cell walls. They have been shown to be linked to the health benefits of red wine, fruit and vegetables. Samples of different species of seaweed from the Bangor area were collected, processed and analysed for their iron and polyphenol concentrations. Samples were collected from multiple points along the Bangor coastline, they were dried and processed into a fine, dry powder. The iron concentrations were analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy after digestion by HNO3. Different species were analysed for the iron and polyphenol content. The whole of the algae was analysed, as well as the nodules and the rest (stipe and blades). The polyphenol concentrations were analysed by a colourimetric assay using the Ragan and Glombitza method and quantified by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Different species were tested in order to see if the concentrations of iron and polyphenol change between species. Different parts of the seaweed were also tested to see where the higher concentrations of the metals were located. Iron concentration statistically significantly changed between all species with the concentrations ranging from 58.0 ± 3.5 mg/Kg to 796.0 ± 10.6 mg/Kg. The Polyphenol concentration changed statistically significantly between some species, but statistically not significant between others. Polyphenol concentration ranged from 63.7 ± 0.3 mg (g dw)-1 to 202.1 ± 6.7 mg (g dw)-1.
Prevalence, Sensitivity Profile and Resistance of Gram-Positive Bacteria in Wounds to Conventional Antibiotics
Authors: Alabi Mercy , Bayode Michael , Aina Ikeoluwa , Adesanya Jeremiah , Areo Oluwaseun 
Published: July 2021

Aim: The prevalence, sensitivity profile and resistance of Gram-positive bacteria in wounds to commercial antibiotics were ascertained in this study.
Place and duration of study: University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure, Nigeria, between January and June 2019.
Methodology: Wound swabs sample collection, isolation of bacteria, identification of Gram-positive bacteria isolates and antibiotics sensitivity testing of isolated bacteria were determined employing standard protocols.
Result: Three Gram-positive bacteria were isolated and presumptively identified to be S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pyogenes. S. aureus had the highest prevalence of 53% followed by S. epidermidis with 42% and S. pyogenes accounting for the least occurrence of 5%. Ninety percent (90%) of ten S. aureus strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin while only 10% had intermediate activity. The least resistance of S. aureus strains was against pefloxacin (40%), while to streptomycin, 87.5% of eight S. epidermidis strains were resistant and 12.5% had intermediate sensitivity. Susceptibility was observed in S. epidermidis against pefloxacin (12.5%) while 50% had intermediate sensitivity and 37.5% were resistant. The highest zone of inhibition of S. epidermidis was observed in strain 7 against pefloxacin (16.00±1.00 mm) and in S. aureus by strain 5 against pefloxacin (16.50±2.50 mm).
Conclusion: Pefloxacin-sensitive Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species from wound swabs could become resistant overtime and this calls for incessant vigilance on Gram-positive wound bacteria antibiotic-susceptibility appraisal particularly in an antibiotics-abuse setting.
Kosmotogaceae
Authors: Nesbø Camilla L. , L'Haridon Stéphane , Zhaxybayeva Olga , Farrell Anne A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Kos.mo.to.ga.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Kosmotoga
, type genus of the family; L. fem. pl. suff.
‐aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Kosmotogaceae
, the family whose nomenclatural type is the genus.

Thermotogota / Thermotogae / Kosmotogales / Kosmotogaceae

The family
Kosmotogaceae
comprises
mesophilic
and
thermophilic
bacteria. The cells are Gram‐negative and sheathed
short rods to ovoid cocci
.
Heterotrophs. Produce hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide
. Optimal growth temperature between 37 and 70°C. Members of the family reduce thiosulfate and/or sulfur to sulfide. The family currently accommodates two genera,
Kosmotoga
and
Mesotoga
. Known habitats are hydrothermal vents, marine sediments, crustal fluids, deep aquifers, oil reservoirs, hydrocarbon‐impacted environment, and anaerobic man‐made environments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36.4–48.3.

Type genus
:
Kosmotoga
Dipippo et al. 2009
VP
emend. Nunoura et al. 2010.
Silvanigrella
Authors: Hahn Martin W. , Pitt Alexandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Sil.va.ni.grel'la. N.L. fem. dim. n.
Silvanigrella
named after
Silva nigra
the Latin geographic name of the Schwarzwald (Black Forest) mountains located in the south‐west of Germany.

Proteobacteria / Oligoflexia / Silvanigrellales / Silvanigrellaceae / Silvanigrella

The genus
Silvanigrella
accommodates heterotrophic freshwater bacteria isolated from the water column of circumneutral or slightly acidic (pH 5–7) lakes and ponds with low ion concentrations (conductivity < 30 μS/cm). So far, only the two species
Silvanigrella aquatica
and
Silvanigrella paludirubra
have been described. Cells of the type strains have in common red pigmentation, motility, and pleomorphic morphology. In both species, the cell morphology ranges from rod‐shaped cells to filamentous forms, the cell size is variable in length and width. The type strain of
S. aquatica
in addition forms, densely coiled spirals. The type strains of both species grow at temperatures above 30°C, but only the type strain of
S. paludirubra
grows at temperatures below 10°C. Growth occurred up to supplementary NaCl concentrations of 1.0–1.1% (w/v). Both type strains utilized various organic substrates including carbohydrates, amino acids, and short‐chain fatty acids; however, the substrate spectra of the two strains differed. The most abundant fatty acid was iso‐C
15:0
for both type strains, contributing 33% to the total fatty acid content. The major respiratory quinone of
S. paludirubra
is menaquinone MK‐8, while the quinones of
S. aquatica
remained unidentified. The type strains of
S. aquatica
and
S. paludirubra
were both characterized by medium‐sized genomes (3.5 and 3.9 Mb, respectively) with low G + C content (32.6 and 29.3 mol%, respectively).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 29–33 (genome sequencing).

Type species
:
Silvanigrella aquatica
Hahn et al. 2017
VP
.
A method for confirming a third‐party assay of I‐125 seeds used for prostate implants
Authors: Muryn John S. , Wilkinson D. Allan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to describe a method and apparatus that can be used to confirm the source strength of a large number of I‐125 seeds while maintaining sterility, accuracy, reproducibility, and time efficiency. Source strengths ranging from 0.395 to 0.504 U/seed were available for this study. Three different seed configurations were measured: loose, linked, and loaded needles. A third‐party 10% assay (NIST traceable) was provided. A custom stand was built out of aluminum to hold an exposure meter [Inovision (Fluke) 451P pressurized ion chamber] at 25 cm above the I‐125 sources to measure the exposure rate. The measurements were made in an operating room, and a sterile sheet was placed under the nonsterile aluminum stand on a sterile loading table. Seeds and needles were placed in a sterile tray for these measurements. Two hundred and six loose seeds in six batches (0.395, 0.395, 0.409, 0.444, 0.444, and 0.444 U/seed) and 1434 seeds in 10 batches containing various strands (0.444, 0.444, 0.444, 0.444, .0444, 0.466, 0.466, 0.504, and 0.504 U/seed) were measured. For the loose and stranded seeds, the average exposure rate per unit activity was measured to be 0.589 mR/h·U with a standard deviation of 0.017. Loaded needles were measured with an average exposure rate per unit activity to be 0.269 mR/h·U with a standard deviation of 0.014. We conclude that the method described here is capable of confirming a third‐party assay when performed on a large number of loose or stranded seeds in bulk. It is less reliable for preloaded needles.
Potential of Urochloa grass hybrids as fodder in the Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Worku Mesfin , Lemma Habtamu , Shawle Kassa , Adie Aberra , Duncan Alan J. , Jones Chris S. , Mekonnen Kindu , Notenbaert An , Bezabih Melkamu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUrochloa grasses have shownpromising results for smallholders to cope with feed shortages in tropical Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two Urochloa hybrids, Mulato‐I and Mulato‐II, in the Ethiopian highlands when managed under different plant spacing and harvesting stages. Treatments included three plant spacings for root splits (0.5 by 0.25 m, 0.5 by 0.5 m, and 0.75 by 0.75 m between rows and plants, respectively) and three harvesting stages: (a) 60 d of growth; (b) 90 d of growth corresponding to 50% bloom, and (c) 120 d of growth (corresponding to full bloom). Experimental plots were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, and observations on the same established stands were made in two consecutive years. Varietal differences were observed in plant height (Mulato‐II: 42 cm; Mulato‐I: 72 cm), and herbage accumulation (Mulato‐II: 3.0 Mg dry matter [DM] ha–1; Mulato‐I: 10.6 Mg DM ha–1). Plant spacing also affected the above variables, but year of harvest influenced herbage accumulation. The rate of herbage accumulation tended to be constant, while that of crude protein (CP) declined and fiber concentration increased significantly with advancing maturity. Overall, the decline in quality at full bloom stage appears to be compensated by the greater herbage accumulation, suggesting that farmers can have enough time window to harvest the forages. While Mulato‐I was superior in herbage accumulation, Mulato‐II was found to be better in forage quality. The two grasses have potential to supply good quality forage provided proper management practices are applied.
Co(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidation of N,N‐Dimethylaminoethanol: An Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical (2,4‐) and Symmetrical (2,6‐) Diarylpyridines through Annulation of Aromatic Ketones with a Nitrogen Source
Authors: Qin Zemin , Zhang Ruiqin , Ma Yongmin , Li Fanzhu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn efficient and facile synthesis of 2,4‐ and 2,6‐diarylpyridines has been developed. It involves one‐pot [2+2+1+1] pseudo four‐component annulation of aromatic ketones, a nitrogen source and a carbon donor. N,N‐Dimethylaminoethanol is oxidized in the presence of Co(II) to provide a carbon synthon. Two C−C and two C−N bonds are formed during the oxidative annulation process. The products are strictly controlled due to the steric hindrance: 2,4‐diarylpyridines are afforded effectively with small ketones while 2,6‐diaryl analogues predominate when bulky ketones are employed.
Anticoagulation therapy using unfractionated heparin at a therapeutic dose for coronavirus disease 2019 patients with severe pneumonia: a retrospective historical control study
Authors: Takayama Wataru , Endo Akira , Otomo Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2021

AimPatients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia often have complications of coagulopathy and thrombotic phenomena, which lead to high mortality. Whether administering systematic anticoagulant therapy is beneficial remains unclear. We report our experience using systemic anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin to treat severe COVID‐19.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective historical control study of severe COVID‐19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation who received prophylactic‐dose anticoagulation (April 1–May 25) or therapeutic‐dose anticoagulation (May 26–August 31) in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary emergency critical care medical center in Japan. The primary endpoints were in‐hospital mortality and anticoagulation therapy‐related adverse events. The secondary endpoints included thromboembolic events, administration of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), ventilator‐free days (VFDs), ICU‐free days, and the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.ResultsA total of 29 and 33 patients were in the prophylactic‐dose and therapeutic‐dose groups, respectively. Background characteristics between the groups were not significantly different, although the therapeutic‐dose group had a significantly lower in‐hospital mortality rate [5 (17.2%) patients versus 0 (0.0%) patients; P = 0.033] and longer ICU‐free days (median [interquartile range]: 15 days [13–18] versus 5 days [0–13]; P = 0.008). Hemorrhagic‐events did not occur during the study period. Compared with the prophylactic‐dose group, the therapeutic‐dose group tended to have longer VFDs, was not treated with ECMO, and did not experience thromboembolic events and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; however, the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsTherapeutic‐dose anticoagulation may be beneficial for patients with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation.
Temporal Control over Two‐ and Three‐State Living Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization for Modulating the Molecular Weight Distribution Profile of Polyolefins
Authors: Wallace Mark A. , Sita Lawrence R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA highly versatile new strategy for manipulating the molecular weight profiles, including breadth, asymmetry (skewness) and modal nature (mono‐, bi‐, and multimodal), of a variety of different polyolefins is reported. It involves temporal control over two‐ and three‐state living coordinative chain transfer polymerization (LCCTP) of olefins in a programmable way. By changing the identity of the R′ groups of the chain transfer agent, ER′n, with time, different populations of chains within a bi‐ or multimodal polyolefin product can be selectively tagged with different end‐groups. By changing the nature of the main‐group metal of the CTA, programmed manipulation of the relative magnitudes of the dispersities of the different maxima that make up the final MWD profile can be achieved. This strategy can be implemented with existing LCCTP materials and conventional reactor methods to provide access to scalable and practical quantities of an unlimited array of new polyolefin materials.
Probing the Paradigm of Promiscuity for N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and their Protein Adduct Formation
Authors: Sullivan Matthew P. , Cziferszky Monika , Tolbatov Iogann , Truong Dianna , Mercadante Davide , Re Nazzareno , Gust Ronald , Goldstone David C. , Hartinger Christian G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetal complexes can be considered a “paradigm of promiscuity” when it comes to their interactions with proteins. They often form adducts with a variety of donor atoms in an unselective manner. We have characterized the adducts formed between a series of isostructural N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes with Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir centers and the model protein hen egg white lysozyme by X‐ray crystallography and mass spectrometry. Distinctive behavior for the metal compounds was observed with the more labile Ru and Rh complexes targeting mainly a surface l‐histidine moiety through cleavage of p‐cymene or NHC co‐ligands, respectively. In contrast, the more inert Os and Ir derivatives were detected abundantly in an electronegative binding pocket after undergoing ligand exchange of a chlorido ligand for an amino acid side chain. Computational studies supported the binding profiles and hinted at the role of the protein microenvironment for metal complexes eliciting selectivity for specific binding sites on the protein.
Configuration Sampling With Five‐Membered AtropisomericP,N‐Ligands
Authors: Dahiya Gaurav , Pappoppula Mukesh , Aponick Aaron 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere we report a strategy for the systematic variation of atropisomeric C1‐symmetric P,N ligands to incrementally change the position of the groups within the chiral pocket without modifying their steric parameters. More specifically, the effects of systematic modification of the nitrogen heterocycle in atropisomeric C1‐symmetric stack ligands have been investigated in this study. The versatility and applicability of this approach has been demonstrated in mechanistically distinct catalytic enantioselective transformations, resulting in the identification of a P,N‐ligand for a highly enantioselective synthesis of organoboranes.
Chiral Mesostructured BiOBr Films with Circularly Polarized Colour Response
Authors: Ding Kun , Ai Jing , Deng Quanzheng , Huang Bin , Zhou Chao , Duan Tianwei , Duan Yingying , Han Lu , Jiang Jingang , Che Shunai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAchieving strong and broadband circularly polarized colour responses in chiral inorganic materials is challenging. Here, we fabricated chiral mesostructured bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) films (CMBFs) via hydrothermal growth using chiral sugar alcohols as symmetry‐breaking agents. The layered slabs of BiOBr crystals with weak van‐der‐Waals interactions are prone to mismatching due to the chiral driving force, resulting in hierarchically chiral arrangements of fine size. Three levels of chirality exist in the CMBFs: primary, helical distortion crystal lattices of a nanoflake, secondary, helical stacking of nanoflakes to form nanoplates, and tertiary, chiral vortexes arranged by nanoplates. The CMBFs displayed optical activities (OAs) over a wide wavelength range of 350–2500 nm with an anisotropic factor of up to 0.99, which led to a significant chirality‐dependent colour response to circularly polarized light. The high selectivity can be considered as the result of enhanced resonance due to structural‐handedness matching and the synergistic effect of multiple OAs.
Highly Reversible Aqueous Zinc Batteries enabled by Zincophilic–Zincophobic Interfacial Layers and Interrupted Hydrogen‐Bond Electrolytes
Authors: Cao Longsheng , Li Dan , Soto Fernando A. , Ponce Victor , Zhang Bao , Ma Lu , Deng Tao , Seminario Jorge M. , Hu Enyuan , Yang Xiao‐Qing , Balbuena Perla B. , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAqueous Zn batteries promise high energy density but suffer from Zn dendritic growth and poor low‐temperature performance. Here, we overcome both challenges by using an eutectic 7.6 m ZnCl2 aqueous electrolyte with 0.05 m SnCl2 additive, which in situ forms a zincophilic/zincophobic Sn/Zn5(OH)8Cl2⋅H2O bilayer interphase and enables low temperature operation. Zincophilic Sn decreases Zn plating/stripping overpotential and promotes uniform Zn plating, while zincophobic Zn5(OH)8Cl2⋅H2O top‐layer suppresses Zn dendrite growth. The eutectic electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity of ≈0.8 mS cm−1 even at −70 °C due to the distortion of hydrogen bond network by solvated Zn2+ and Cl−. The eutectic electrolyte enables Zn∥Ti half‐cell a high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of >99.7 % for 200 cycles and Zn∥Zn cell steady charge/discharge for 500 h with a low overpotential of 8 mV at 3 mA cm−2. Practically, Zn∥VOPO4 batteries maintain >95 % capacity with a CE of >99.9 % for 200 cycles at −50 °C, and retain ≈30 % capacity at −70 °C of that at 20 °C.
Chiral V‐shaped Pyrenes: Hexagonal Packing, Superhelix, and Amplified Chiroptical Performance
Authors: Hu Song , Hu Liangyu , Zhu Xuefeng , Wang Yuan , Liu Minghua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere, we designed symmetric and dissymmetric chiral V‐shaped pyrenes by linking achiral pyrenes totrans‐1,2‐cyclohexane diamine scaffolds with varied spacers to investigate their circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized excimer emission (CPEE). In molecular solution, the symmetric V‐shaped molecules (P1,P2,P3) displayed spacer‐dependent CD and CPEE originating from the intramolecular excimers while the dissymmetric V‐shapedBwas silent in CD and CPEE. Upon self‐assembly, the chiral V‐shaped conformation guided a helical hexagonal packing. Notably,P1self‐assembled into delicate superhelices with optimum chiroptical activities and the largestgCDfor pyrene derivatives to date. The dissymmetricBformed two distinct hexagonal aggregates as twists and rectangular nanotubes with greatly amplified CPEE. This work demonstrates unprecedented hexagonal superhelices from chiral V‐shaped scaffolds and provides a deep insight into the relationship between molecular conformation, supramolecular architectures, and their chiroptical performance.