bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons on Communism: Party Schools in Italy in the 20th Century
Authors: Tonelli Anna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Italian Communist Party created the most effective political school—and the only one in Italy—aimed at creating cadre leaders. The first schools were in Rome and Milan, and over the following decades the school system spread throughout the country, eventually counting about a hundred schools active throughout Italy until 1989.
The school in Rome, which was the only one to remain open for a further four years, was the main model for the others. Called the Frattocchie School, it was a residential school in the hills of Rome and was in operation from 1944 to 1993. The students attended classes from six months to a year; they studied historical materialism and the history of Bolshevism but also experienced collective life, group identity, and the theoretical and practical values of communism.
The Frattocchie model began with an initial period in which training consisted of the organization and acculturation of the working classes, starting with workers and peasants, according to a schema influenced by the Soviet schools but where the socializing bent of the Italian institutes mitigated the sectarianism and dogmatism of Moscow.
The aim of the training was to build the careers of future politicians capable of embodying the ideals of a party that demanded control, preparation, and discipline. For this reason, the Italian Communist Party schools represented an original example in teaching methods and curricula, handing down the memory of communism over time. The diaries, questionnaires, and testimonies of the students who attended the Frattocchie School in its 50 years of activity are important sources and a precious heritage to understand how the Communist “faith” became a vehicle of recognition and belonging. Even today the name Frattocchie is associated with a model of party school to be imitated in order to teach methods and principles to those who want to pursue a political career.
Effect of Planting Time and Corms Treatment with Gibberellic Acid on Growth, Flowering, and Vase Life of Freesia hybrida ‘Corona’
Authors: Adil Asmaa Mohammed , Ahmed Ebtisam Esmaael , Al-Chalabi Angham Talal , Al-Ma’athedi Ali Farouq 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Freesia hybrida is one of the most important cut flowers with a short vase life. The present study was conducted to explain the effect of the two planting dates December 1st and 15th and soaking corms before planting in gibberellic acid at concentrations of 0, 75, and 150 mg·L−1 on the growth, flowering, and flowers quality of Freesia hybrida ‘Corona’. A larger diameter of the inflorescence stem and floret head, fresh weight of inflorescence, and longer vase life were obtained when planted on December 1st. Soaking the corms in a GA3 solution of 150 mg·L−1 before planting significantly extended the vase life compared to the control. Finally, it can be concluded that the planting of corms soaked in a solution of 150 mg·L−1 GA3 on December 1st in unheated greenhouses can improve the growth, development, and quality of flowers of Freesia hybrida ‘Corona’.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the disease progression of nonsevere coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Li Xue-lian , Wu Cen , Xie Jun-gang , Zhang Bin , Kui Xiao , Jia Dong , Liang Chao-nan , Zhou Qiong , Zhang Qin , Gao Yang , Zhou Xiaoming , Hou Gang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The majority of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases are nonsevere, but severe cases have high mortality and need early detection and treatment. We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the disease progression of nonsevere COVID-19 based on simple data that can be easily obtained even in primary medical institutions.

Methods
In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, we extracted data from initial simple medical evaluations of 495 COVID-19 patients randomized (2:1) into a development cohort and a validation cohort. The progression of nonsevere COVID-19 was recorded as the primary outcome. We built a nomogram with the development cohort and tested its performance in the validation cohort.

Results
The nomogram was developed with the nine factors included in the final model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram scoring system for predicting the progression of nonsevere COVID-19 into severe COVID-19 was 0.875 and 0.821 in the development cohort and validation cohort, respectively. The nomogram achieved a good concordance index for predicting the progression of nonsevere COVID-19 cases in the development and validation cohorts (concordance index of 0.875 in the development cohort and 0.821 in the validation cohort) and had well-fitted calibration curves showing good agreement between the estimates and the actual endpoint events.

Conclusions
The proposed nomogram built with a simplified index might help to predict the progression of nonsevere COVID-19; thus, COVID-19 with a high risk of disease progression could be identified in time, allowing an appropriate therapeutic choice according to the potential disease severity.
The influence of treated wastewater from the Lodz city agglomeration on the ice regime and water temperature of the Ner river
Authors: Bartnik Adam , Jokiel Paweł 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The study attempts to answer the following question: Does human impact contribute to changes recorded in the Ner river ice regime? In replying to this question, data on water consumption in Lodz (Łódź) (a city in central Poland) in 1951–2017 were used, as well as observations of ice cover and all ice phenomena for the same period. The ice regime and water temperature of the river have changed over the past 70 years. The changes result not only from changes caused by global warming but also from additional fluctuations in this temperature as determined by changes in the quantity and quality of wastewater discharged into the river from the Lodz city agglomeration. The frequency of ice phenomena in the river decreased, and their duration dropped by almost half. This tendency was compounded by a decrease in number of days with ice phenomena, which in turn was caused by a rapid increase in the amount of waste and thermally polluted waters supplied from Lodz. The river water temperature has now stopped increasing. The course of the river ice regime now resembles that of a natural watercourse again.
Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low-carbon X80 pipeline steel
Authors: Acosta-Cinciri B.C. , López-Granados N.M. , Ramos-Banderas J.A. , Hernández-Bocanegra C.A. , Garnica-González P. , López-Corpus J.A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, the effect of heat treatment conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an American Petroleum Institute (API) X80 steel with a low carbon content of ~0.02% wt., destined for the manufacture of pipelines and pipeline transmission systems by welding, was investigated. Samples were heat treated under different conditions and then were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), orientation image microscopy (OIM), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that when the steel is fastly cooled from the austenitic field (990°C), the mechanical properties increase significantly [ultimate tensile strength (UTS) >1,100 MPa, yield strength (YS) 900 MPa, and elongation 27%] due to the high percentage of martensite (M) present in the microstructure (95%). In contrast, when the cooling rate decreases and the treatment conditions remain at/or above the bainitic/martensitic transformation (from 990°C to 600°C and 450°C), the mechanical properties are decreased by almost 50% because of the decrease in the percentage of martensite (18%). However, the percentage of elongation increases significantly (38%) due to the presence of other micro-constituents resulting from the phase transformation. On the other hand, the best combination of mechanical properties (UTS above 800 MPa and YS between 610 MPa and 720 MPa) was obtained when the steel acquired a dual-phase microstructure [(martensite/austenite)-(ferrite/martensite)] since the amount of martensite is conserved between 45% and 82%, in combination with the other micro-constituent present in the steel that allows us to achieve elongation percentages close to 30%.
Experimental investigation of the electrochemical micromachining process of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy under the influence of magnetic field
Authors: Praveena Gopinath T. , Prasanna J. , Chandrasekhara Sastry C. , Patil Sandeep 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An attempt has been made to study the influence of magnetic field on the micro hole machining of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy using electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) process. The presence of magneto hydro dynamics (MHD) is accomplished with the aid of external magnetic field (neodymium magnets) in order to improve the machining accuracy and the performance characteristics of ECMM. Close to ideal solution for magnetic and nonmagnetic field ECMM process, the parameters used are as follows: concentration electrolyte of 15 g/l; peak current of 1.35 A; pulse on time of 400 s; and duty factor of 0.5. An improvement of 11.91–52.43% and 23.51–129.68% in material removal rate (MRR) and 6.03–21.47% and 18.32–33.09% in overcut (OC) is observed in ECMM of titanium alloy under the influence of attraction and repulsion magnetic field, respectively, in correlation with nonmagnetic field ECMM process. A 55.34% surface roughness factor reduction is ascertained in the hole profile in magnetic field-ECMM in correlation with electrochemical machined titanium alloy under nonmagnetic field environment. No machining related stress is induced in the titanium alloy, even though environment of electrochemical machining process has been enhanced with the presence of magnetic field. A slight surge in the compressive residual factor, aids in surge of passivation potential of titanium alloy, resulting in higher resistance to outside environment.
Formability of laser welded steel/magnesium dissimilar metal with Sn powder-adhesive interlayer
Authors: Tao Tao , Liu Jinshui , Zhou Dianwu , Yan Youruiling , Zhou He 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The exploratory experiments of laser fusion welding with Sn powder and the automotive adhesive addition were conducted for DP590 dual-phase steel and AZ31B magnesium alloy in an overlap steel-on-magnesium configuration. The characteristics of metal vapor/plasma were analyzed by collecting and analyzing plasma shape and welding spectra. The microstructure of the welded was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The temperature field distribution of the joint was simulated by COMSOL finite-element software. The results showed that the transfer of heat from steel to the magnesium alloy is hindered by the adhesive layer, which is conducive to the simultaneous melting of steel and magnesium with large differences in melting and boiling points. In addition, the width of the molten pool increases, but the depth is shallow on the magnesium side. Meanwhile, the recoil pressure induced by the splashing of the molten pool reduces, and the surface quality of the weld is improved. Some intermetallic compounds (IMCs), such as FeSn, Fe1.3Sn, and Fe3Sn, are formed inside the molten pool, while columnar dendrite Mg2Sn phase is also produced. The presence of these phases helps realize the bidirectional metallurgical bonding of steel/magnesium dissimilar metals.
The Elements of a Christological Anthropology
Authors: Williams Rowan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Human beings exist in one of two sorts of solidarity, according to St. Paul—the solidarity of sin or alienation ‘in Adam’ or the solidarity of life-giving mutuality in Christ. There can be no Christian theology of the human that is not a theology of communion—which converges with the conviction that our creation in the divine image is creation in relationality. The image of God is not a portion or aspect of human existence but a fundamental orientation towards relation. This understanding of the divine image in turn points to the way in which—as the Orthodox theologian Vladimir Lossky stresses—a proper understanding of the nature of personal being depends upon a proper grasp of the divine image, including the fact that it is always an image of the divine ‘filiation’—the eternal relation of Word to the Father in the Trinity. Our personal flourishing is a filial dependence that liberates and empowers. And what is ‘empowered’ is the human vocation to make reconciled sense of the material world of which we are part, articulating and serving its Godward meaning, so that we may see our humanity as essentially a priestly calling within the reconciling priesthood of Christ, in whom all things cohere.
Did Jesus Need the Spirit? An Appeal for Pneumatic Christology to Inform Christological Anthropology
Authors: Mckirland Christa L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A central claim of the Christian faith is that Jesus is not only fully human (and fully God), but that he reveals true humanity to us. This requires that all of our anthropologies, in some way, ground themselves in Christology, providing a ‘Christological anthropology’. Consequently, any Christological anthropology requires some formulation of Christology proper. In light of this, the main contention of the present paper is that one cannot adequately formulate a Christological anthropology without including a pneumatic Christology. The justification for this necessity can be articulated through the concept of fundamental need. The incarnate Logos, Jesus of Nazareth, fundamentally needed the Spirit in the same way that all human persons fundamentally need the Spirit. ‘Fundamental need’, as a technical concept, can help to clarify both the continuity and discontinuity between Jesus’ likeness to all humanity. This does not collapse the ‘who’ of the incarnation into the many ‘who’s’ of humanity since the incarnate Logos always possessed this Spirit as his own Spirit of Sonship, as opposed to how non-divinely hypostasized human persons must receive the Spirit of Sonship by adoption. The distinctiveness and similarity between Jesus and all of humanity can be most clearly seen by paying special attention to the difference between incarnation and indwelling. Thus, by examining incarnation and in-dwelling, as well as introducing fundamental need into theological discourse, the significance of the Spirit for informing both Christology and anthropology will be made clear.
Colin E. Gunton’s Christological Anthropology: Humanity’s Relationships in the Image of Christ
Authors: Mair Elaina R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The anthropology of Colin E. Gunton begins with the Trinity and specifically, the person of Christ. From trinitarian persons, Gunton deduces the ontological definition of what it means to be a person, that is, a being in relationship and in distinction, or ‘free relatedness’. To be a person is to be in the image of the personal God, which is christological language, for it is Christ who bears the image of God in its fullness. As the true image bearer, Christ’s humanity is paradigmatic of what it means to be in relationship: with God, with the world and with other human persons. Gunton’s christology is also thoroughly pneumatological, borrowing Irenaeus’ metaphor of God’s ‘two hands in the world’: The Son and the Spirit. Not only do the Son and the Spirit mediate God’s presence to creation according to Irenaeus, but Gunton builds on this metaphor to include the Spirit’s mediation of the eternal Son to the Father as well as the Incarnate Son to humanity. The Spirit also reshapes humanity to be in the image of Christ, through his relationships with God, with the world and with other human persons. This is an eschatological project, for in this reshaping, the creation is recreated toward its teleological perfection. The article concludes with a potential direction for future study within Gunton’s christological anthropology. To conceive what it means to be human theologically, Gunton insists that we must look to Christ’s own person.
The Body in Jesus’ Tomb as a Hylemorphic Puzzle: a Response to Jaeger and Sienkiewicz and an Application for Christological Anthropology
Authors: Turner James T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn a recent paper, Andrew Jaeger and Jeremy Sienkiewicz attempt to provide an answer consistent with Thomistic hylemorphism for the following question: what was the ontological status of Christ’s dead body? Answering this question has christological anthropological import: whatever one says about Christ’s dead body, has implications for what one can say aboutanyhuman’s dead body. Jaeger and Sienkiewicz answer the question this way: that Jesus’ corpse was prime matter lacking a substantial form; that it wasexistingform-less matter. I argue that their argument for this answer is unsound. I say, given Thomistic hylemorphism, there was no human body in Jesus’s tomb between his death and resurrection. Once I show their argument to be unsound, I provide a christological anthropological upshot: since there was no human body in Christ’s tomb, there are no human bodies inanytomb.
THE EFFECT OF PROCESS ORIENTED GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING (POGIL) MODEL ON SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS (SPS) AND STUDENTS' COGNITIVE ABILITIES ON THE CONCEPT OF REACTION RATE
Authors: Idrus Said , Mahmud Mahmud , Muchtar Zainuddin 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) model on Science Process Skills (SPS), cognitive abilities and the correlation between SPS and students' cognitive abilities on the reaction rate concept. The sample in this study were 35 students of class XI SMA Negeri Seribu Bukit 2016-2017 academic year. The data was collected through observation and test. 20 multiple choice questions (alpha:0.81) were used to collect data of student’s SPS. While students' cognitive abilities were obtained by pre-test and post-test using 20 multiple choice questions (alpha:0.84). The distributed normally and homogeneously. The hypothesis was tested by using Paired Sample t-Test at a significance level of 0.05. Based on the data analysis and hypothesis testing carried out, there was a significant difference in the effect of the POGIL model on Science Process Skills (SPS), cognitive abilities and significant interactions between SPS and students' cognitive abilities on the material reaction rate, indicated by the value of each probability or sig. 0,000, so it can be concluded that the results of testing the hypothesis reject Ho or accept Ha at the 5 percent alpha level.
Structural and dynamic conditions for the formation of large orogenic gold deposits in Central and Northeast Asia
Authors: Savchuk Yu. S. , Volkov A. V. , Aristov V. V. 
Published: July 2021

Research subject. Large orogenic gold deposits in the fold belts of Central and Northeast Asia.Materials and methods. Geological mapping of various scales on a number of large orogenic gold deposits was conducted using the methods of structural-paragenetic analysis of metamorphic strata, accompanied by obligatory linking of ore mineralization manifestations to specific structures. In a number of cases, various statistical methods were used to geometrize mineralization, identify patterns of its location and determine the paths of paleofluid flows. Available publications on the objects under consideration were reviewed. The geological and structural features of large orogenic gold deposits – Muruntau, Kokpatas, Sukhoi Log and Pavlik – were considered.Results. The Muruntau, Kokpatas and the Sukhoi Log ore deposits are of shariyage-thrust type. Compared to these objects, the Pavlik field is confined to a zone of volumetric fracturing between a series of reverse faults, feathering a large deep fault and belonging to the transpression type. At the Muruntau and Pavlik deposits, the analysis of the location of the most intensive mineralization substantiated the paths of paleofluid flows, along which the fluid migration and ore formation took place.Conclusions. The distribution of ore mineralization in the Muruntau deposit obeys the orientation of planar (cleavage) and linear (orientation of fold hinges) elements. Apparently, the former (main) direction may indicate the orientation and position of the main migration route of ore-bearing fluids, while the latter corresponds to secondary channels, the position of which is due to the intersection of syn-napping structures with favourable lithological horizons. For the Pavlik deposit, the position of ore pillars is compared with the paths of paleofluid flows, the root parts of which are promising for identifying the most powerful and intense mineralization.
PEMANFAATAN KAIN PERCA DENGAN TEKNIK QUILT MENJADI PRODUK BARU YANG BERNILAI JUAL
Authors: Dewanti Asih Retno , Adisurya Susy Irma , Damayanti Resky Annisa , Wilastrina Atridia , Putri Meyka Septira Utami , Elizabeth Putri Vania 
Published: July 2021

Salah satu alternatif dalam mengurangi limbah adalah dengan menerapkan 3R (Reuse, Reduce and Recycle) yaitu menggunakan kembali, mengurangi dan mengolah kembali dari limbah yang dihasilkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari setiap mahluk hidup. Tetapi tidak semua juga hal tersebut dapat dilakukan. Seperti kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat atau disingkat PKM Mono dengan judul ‘Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Kain Perca dengan Teknik Quilt menjadi Produk Baru yang Bernilai Jual’ dimana dalam kondisi Pandemi Covid-19 yang dilakukan secara daring. Masyarakat sasaran adalah beberapa teman Ikatan Alumni SMP Tarakanita IV dengan lintas angkatan. Beberapa teman alumni yang selama pandemi Covid -19 ini terpaksa melakukan aktivitas dari rumah saja sangat antusias untuk mengikuti kegiatan PKM walau secara daring. Pelatihan pemanfaatan limbah kain dengan teknik Quilt secara manual sangat mudah diikuti dan menggunakan modul bentuk Segitiga ; Kotak dan Lingkaran. Kegiatan ini diharapkan selain dapat mengisi waktu luang juga dapat menambah wawasan untuk memanfaatkan limbah kain menjadi produk baru yang bernilai jual.
GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL: EVIDENCE FROM CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PERCEPTION INDEX
Authors: Gunawan Cindy Calista , Fidiana Fidiana 
Published: July 2021

<p class="JurnalASSETSABSTRAK"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>This research aimed to examine the effect of financial performance on Good Corporate Governance and intellectual capital to the top ten companies that ranked to the CGPI (Corporate Governance Perception Index). We have 45 samples from 9 companies which included in top ten of the CGPI (Corporate Governance Perception Index) 2013-2017. Based on multiple linear regression, this research have no proved the GCG (Good Corporate Governance) and IC (intellectual capital) as a predictor of financial performance. It means that corporate governance cannot always be used to measure short-term financial performance but is more useful for measuring the company’s prosperity in the long run.</p><p class="JurnalASSETSABSTRAK"><strong><em>ABSTRAK</em></strong><em></em></p><p><em>Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menguji kinerja keuangan atas Good Corporate Governance dan modal intelektual terhadap perusahaan dengan memiliki peringkat sepuluh besar pada CGPI (Corporate Governance Perception Index). Berdasar pada metode sampling bersasaran, didapatkan sebanyak 45 sampel dari 9 perusahaan untuk tahun amatan 2013-2017. Teknik uji statistik menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Penelitian ini mengonfirmasi bahwa GCG yang diproksi dengan kepemilikan institusi, kepemilikan manajer, serta modal intelektual bukan merupakan determinan kinerja finansial. Ini berarti bahwa tatakelola perusahaan akan mendatangkan manfaat jangka panjang sehingga tidak selalu dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja keuangan jangka pendek.</em></p>