bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PTEN loss promotes oncogenic function of STMN1 via PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer
Authors: Xun Guangsu , Hu Wei , Li Bing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmong all cancer types, lung cancer has already become the leading cause of cancer-related death around the world. The molecular mechanism understanding this development is still needed to be improved to treat lung cancer. Stathmin (STMN1) was initially identified as a cytoplasmic protein phosphorylated responding to cell signal and controlled cell physiological processes. The dysregulation of STMN1 is found in various kinds of tumors. However, the molecular mechanism of STMN1 regulating lung cancer is still unclear. Here, we found that STMN1 was overexpressed in lung cancer tissues and associated with worse survival rates of lung cancer patients. Inhibition of STMN1 suppressed lung cancer cell growth, migration and invasion, and promoted drug sensitivity. Moreover, PTEN loss promoted STMN1 expression via PI3K/AKT pathway. PTEN loss ameliorated the inhibition of cell growth, migration and invasion, and drug sensitivity induced by STMN1 knockdown in lung cancer. The high expression of STMN1 was negatively correlated with the low expression of PTEN in lung cancer specimens. Overall, our work demonstrated that PTEN regulated the oncogenic function of STMN1 in lung cancer.
Immune checkpoint blockade in triple negative breast cancer influenced by B cells through myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Vito Alyssa , Salem Omar , El-Sayes Nader , MacFawn Ian P. , Portillo Ana L. , Milne Katy , Harrington Danielle , Ashkar Ali A. , Wan Yonghong , Workenhe Samuel T. , Nelson Brad H. , Bruno Tullia C. , Mossman Karen L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer holds a dismal clinical outcome and as such, patients routinely undergo aggressive, highly toxic treatment regimens. Clinical trials for TNBC employing immune checkpoint blockade in combination with chemotherapy show modest prognostic benefit, but the percentage of patients that respond to treatment is low, and patients often succumb to relapsed disease. Here, we show that a combination immunotherapy platform utilizing low dose chemotherapy (FEC) combined with oncolytic virotherapy (oHSV-1) increases tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, in otherwise immune-bare tumors, allowing 60% of mice to achieve durable tumor regression when treated with immune checkpoint blockade. Whole-tumor RNA sequencing of mice treated with FEC + oHSV-1 shows an upregulation of B cell receptor signaling pathways and depletion of B cells prior to the start of treatment in mice results in complete loss of therapeutic efficacy and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Additionally, RNA sequencing data shows that FEC + oHSV-1 suppresses genes associated with myeloid-derived suppressor cells, a key population of cells that drive immune escape and mediate therapeutic resistance. These findings highlight the importance of tumor-infiltrating B cells as drivers of antitumor immunity and their potential role in the regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
Anomalous and normal dislocation modes in Floquet topological insulators
Authors: Nag Tanay , Roy Bitan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectronic bands featuring nontrivial bulk topological invariant manifest through robust gapless modes at the boundaries, e.g., edges and surfaces. As such this bulk-boundary correspondence is also operative in driven quantum materials. For example, a suitable periodic drive can convert a trivial insulator into a Floquet topological insulator (FTI) that accommodates nondissipative dynamic gapless modes at the interfaces with vacuum. Here we theoretically demonstrate that dislocations, ubiquitous lattice defects in crystals, can probe FTIs as well as unconventional π-trivial insulator in the bulk of driven quantum systems by supporting normal and anomalous modes, localized near the defect core. Respectively, normal and anomalous dislocation modes reside at the Floquet zone center and boundaries. We exemplify these outcomes specifically for two-dimensional (2D) Floquet Chern insulator and px + ipy superconductor, where the dislocation modes are respectively constituted by charged and neutral Majorana fermions. Our findings should be, therefore, instrumental in probing Floquet topological phases in the state-of-the-art experiments in driven quantum crystals, cold atomic setups, and photonic and phononic metamaterials through bulk topological lattice defects.
Dinophyceae can use exudates as weapons against the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Syndiniales)
Authors: Long Marc , Marie Dominique , Szymczak Jeremy , Toullec Jordan , Bigeard Estelle , Sourisseau Marc , Le Gac Mickael , Guillou Laure , Jauzein Cécile 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Parasites in the genus Amoebophrya sp. infest dinoflagellate hosts in marine ecosystems and can be determining factors in the demise of blooms, including toxic red tides. These parasitic protists, however, rarely cause the total collapse of Dinophyceae blooms. Experimental addition of parasite-resistant Dinophyceae (Alexandrium minutum or Scrippsiella donghaienis) or exudates into a well-established host-parasite coculture (Scrippsiella acuminata-Amoebophrya sp.) mitigated parasite success and increased the survival of the sensitive host. This effect was mediated by waterborne molecules without the need for a physical contact. The strength of the parasite defenses varied between dinoflagellate species, and strains of A. minutum and was enhanced with increasing resistant host cell concentrations. The addition of resistant strains or exudates never prevented the parasite transmission entirely. Survival time of Amoebophrya sp. free-living stages (dinospores) decreased in presence of A. minutum but not of S. donghaienis. Parasite progeny drastically decreased with both species. Integrity of the dinospore membrane was altered by A. minutum, providing a first indication on the mode of action of anti-parasitic molecules. These results demonstrate that extracellular defenses can be an effective strategy against parasites that protects not only the resistant cells producing them, but also the surrounding community.
Communication and Social Inactivity During COVID-19 Lockdown in Hong Kong: Psychosocial Implications to Individuals With Aphasia, Their Primary Caretakers, and Healthy Adults
Authors: Kong Anthony Pak-Hin , Lau Dustin Kai-Yan , Chai Vivian Nga-Ying 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Hong Kong is among the first cities worldwide affected by COVID-19, with the first case confirmed on January 23, 2020, 7 weeks before the World Health Organization declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Although it has now been over a year since the onset of outbreak, there are still significant knowledge gaps on the short and long term impacts of COVID-19 on people with aphasia (PWAs) and their primary caretakers. With reference to a reshaped rehabilitation service plan to advocate for people facing disabilities and some pilot findings from an ongoing survey investigation in Hong Kong about PWAs' perspectives on the pandemic, this article aims to highlight the social inactivity and communication challenges posed to PWAs and healthy adults during lockdown.

Conclusions
The social isolation and mental implications among PWAs in Hong Kong subsequent to their limited opportunities to engage into social activities during the pandemic were evident. At the same time, one should not neglect the emotional and psychosocial impacts on PWAs' caretakers and other healthy adults. We encourage researchers from different parts of the world, especially developing and undeveloped countries, to explore and share current service delivery to PWAs and corresponding strategic plans to enhance clinical practices in this unprecedented difficult time.
A new range‐only measurement‐based glass line feature extraction method
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan , Oh Jung Hyun , An Ye Chan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis letter addresses a new range‐only measurement‐based glass line feature extraction method, which allows a low‐cost light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor to detect glass‐like objects without intensity and multi‐echo data. The principle that the emitted LiDAR ray incidence angle with respect to a glass surface is close to 0° is concerned. The geometric relationship between the sensor and glass objects is also considered for successful glass feature extraction. The extracted features are accumulated and reformulated for the generation of glass line features using the RANdom SAmple Consensus algorithm (RANSAC). Two experiments with different robot paths were conducted in a glass environment. The results showed that the proposed method accurately represented glass objects without any false‐positive glass feature.
Virtual project as a tool for leadership skills development
Authors: Kobicheva Aleksandra 
Published: July 2021

The paper is dedicated to the investigation of international online project influence on students’ leadership skills development. The sample included 141 students who participated in the online X-culture project as a part of their professional discipline course. The research was carried out in the years 2019-2020.	The students were surveyed every week during a 2-month length project. For the analysis, we used the answers of the first and the last surveys to determine the impact of the project. The results showed significant improvements in all indicators of Leadership skills that confirmed the positive influence of the X-culture project. Moreover, we conducted inter-views with ten random students to reveal the influencing factors of the project and define whether the project changes students’ behavior toward professional discipline learning. Students confirmed the positive influence of working in a virtual team on their communication skills and general motivation to study the professional discipline. Thus, we confirmed the importance of implementing project activity into the courses of professional discipline due to substantial influence on leadership skills development and higher engagement in the learning process.
Champ géomagnétique et dynamique du noyau terrestre
Authors: Gillet Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

Le champ géomagnétique est principalement généré par les mouvements de métal liquide dans le noyau de la Terre par « effet dynamo », 3000 km sous nos pieds. Son évolution est suivie en continu au sol et, depuis vingt ans, par des satellites qui nous apportent des informations sans précédent.
Notre compréhension de la « géodynamo » a évolué ces dernières années, grâce aussi aux importantes avancées des calculs numériques.
L’information portée par les mesures magnétiques, couplée à celle des simulations hautes performances, nous aide à reconstituer la dynamique dans le noyau. Les champs d’applications sont vastes, la dynamique du noyau affectant par exemple la durée du jour ou le champ magnétique gouvernant la météo de l’espace.
A stylistic analysis of Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones: a socio-pragmatic view
Authors: El-dali Hosni Mostafa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is three fold; first, it attempts to show to what extent Fielding’s writings unfold the basic characteristics of the eighteenth century lines of thinking, foremost of which is the importance of context for the determination of meaning. Second, it attempts to show Fielding’s philosophy of human nature which, according to him, is a mixture of man’s selfishness, greediness, honesty and charity, all of which are characteristics of the ‘characters’ nature. Third, the present study sheds some light on Fielding’s technique in writing. The importance of introducing ironic techniques is to stimulate the reader’s mental imagination to understand opposite meanings and in consequence adopt a proper evaluation of the character’s behaviour. Fielding discusses through irony some important concepts such as chastity, reason and gentility, yet no direct clue is given to the readers to give a precise interpretation about them. It is also through irony that the interpretation of these concepts are hindered by perplexing assumptions as connotations of meaning make it difficult for the readers to give any judgment or adopt any evaluation. The study shows that Fielding’s technique in ‘Tom Jones’ is incorporated within a third omniscience narrative, which gives the narrator the chance to preside over his creation and commenting on certain attitudes and actions. It concludes that the mark of shame bestowed by earlier critics on Fielding as intrusive narrator is eliminated on the grounds that his presence within the text is directed for teaching purposes.
On improved bounds and conditions for the convergence of Markov chains
Authors: Veretennikov A. Yu. , Veretennikova M. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We continue the work of improving the rate of convergence of ergodic homogeneous Markov chains. The setting is more general than in previous papers: we are able to get rid of the assumption about a common dominating measure and consider the case of inhomogeneous Markov chains as well as more general state spaces. We give examples where the new bound for the rate of convergence is the same as (resp. better than) the classical Markov–Dobrushin inequality.
The optimal start control problem for 2D Boussinesq equations
Authors: Baranovskii E. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider the problem of the optimal start control for two-dimensional Boussinesq equations describing non-isothermal flows of a viscous fluid in a bounded domain. Using the study of the properties of admissible tuples and of the evolution operator, we prove the solubility of the optimization problem under natural assumptions about the model data. We derive a variational inequality which is satisfied by the optimal control provided that the objective functional is determined by the final observation. We also obtain sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of an optimal control.
Weights of exact threshold functions
Authors: Babai L. , Hansen K. A. , Podolskii V. V. , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider Boolean exact threshold functions defined by linear equations and, more generally, polynomials of degree

. We give upper and lower bounds on the maximum magnitude (absolute value) of the coefficients required to represent such functions. These bounds are very close. In the linear case in particular they are almost matching. This quantity is the same as the maximum magnitude of the integer coefficients of linear equations required to express every possible intersection of a hyperplane in

and the Boolean cube

or, in the general case, intersections of hypersurfaces of degree

in

and

. In the process we construct new families of ill-conditioned matrices. We further stratify the problem (in the linear case) in terms of the dimension

of the affine subspace spanned by the solutions and give upper and lower bounds in this case as well. There is a substantial gap between these bounds, a challenge for future work.
Extremal interpolation with the least value of the norm of the second derivative in
Authors: Shevaldin V. T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper we formulate a general problem of extreme functional interpolation of real-valued functions of one variable (for finite differences, this is the Yanenko–Stechkin–Subbotin problem) in terms of divided differences. The least value of the

-th derivative in

,

, needs to be calculated over the class of functions interpolating any given infinite sequence of real numbers on an arbitrary grid of nodes, infinite in both directions, on the number axis

for the class of interpolated sequences for which the sequence of

-th order divided differences belongs to

. In the present paper this problem is solved in the case when

. The indicated value is estimated from above and below using the greatest and the least step of the grid of nodes.
On the number of epi-, mono- and homomorphisms of groups
Authors: Brusyanskaya E. K. , Klyachko Ant. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It is well known that the number of homomorphisms from a group

to a group

is divisible by the greatest common divisor of the order of

and the exponent of

. We study the question of what can be said about the number of homomorphisms satisfying certain natural conditions like injectivity or surjectivity. A simple non-trivial consequence of our results is the fact that in any finite group the number of generating pairs

such that

is divisible by the greatest common divisor of fifteen and the order of the group

.
Analytic moduli for parabolic Dulac germs
Authors: Mardešić P. , Resman M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper gives moduli of analytic classification for parabolic Dulac germs (that is, almost regular germs). Dulac germs appear as first return maps of hyperbolic polycycles. Their moduli are given by a sequence of Écalle–Voronin-type germs of analytic diffeomorphisms. The result is stated in a broader class of parabolic generalized Dulac germs having power- logarithmic asymptotic expansions.
Bibliography: 23 titles.
Citizen monitoring of waterways decreases pollution in China by supporting government action and oversight
Authors: Buntaine Mark T. , Zhang Bing , Hunnicutt Patrick 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Approximately 70% of China’s rivers and lakes are unsafe for human use. Effective implementation of existing pollution standards can improve the health and well-being of people across China. In this randomized trial, pollution decreased when a nongovernmental organization enlisted volunteers to monitor the quality of urban waterways slated for remediation and disseminated that information to local and provincial authorities. Disseminating information to the public through posters did not have detectable effects on water quality. Nongovernmental organizations can support the efforts of authorities to remediate pollution by providing monitoring that guides action and facilitates oversight between different levels of government, particularly when authorities that set remediation targets have an active interest in responding to public complaints and using monitoring for oversight.
Community-based monitoring to facilitate water management by local institutions in Costa Rica
Authors: Bernedo Del Carpio María , Alpizar Francisco , Ferraro Paul J. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Elinor Ostrom won the Nobel Prize in Economics for demonstrating that humans can create rules and institutions that permit sustainable management of shared resources without resorting to privatization or government expropriation. One purported enabling condition for success is monitoring of the shared resource by community members. Whether such monitoring can be encouraged where it is absent, and thereby improve resource management, is not well understood. In a randomized trial, we assessed whether an externally encouraged, community-based monitoring program improved water management. After 1 y, we detect modest reductions in groundwater pumping and modest improvements in water quality and user satisfaction. Although replications are needed, the results imply that externally encouraged, community-based monitoring can improve the management of shared resources.
Volcanically extruded phosphides as an abiotic source of Venusian phosphine
Authors: Truong N. , Lunine J. I. 
Published: July 2021

SignificancePublished observations suggest small amounts of phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus, and various abiotic mechanisms for its generation have been rejected in the literature, including active volcanism. We reexamine a volcanic source and find it to be sufficient to supply the observed amount of phosphine given that Venus might be subject to episodes of active volcanism and magmas originating deep in the mantle and brought up by plume volcanism.
Telomere dysfunction instigates inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Chakravarti Deepavali , Lee Rumi , Multani Asha S. , Santoni Andrea , Keith Zachery , Hsu Wen-Hao , Chang Kyle , Reyes Laura , Rashid Asif , Wu Chang-Jiun , Li Jun , Zhang Jiexin , Shim Hong Seok , Chandra Krishna , Deng Pingna , Spring Denise J. , Nielsen Ole Haagen , Riis Lene Buhl , Mayigegowda Kavya Kelagere , Blutt Sarah E. , Zhang Jianhua , Younes Mamoun , DuPont Andrew , Thirumurthi Selvi , Vilar Eduardo , Estes Mary K. , Colla Simona , Shroyer Noah F. , DePinho Ronald A. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic debilitating condition with limited treatment options. Recently, we found that telomerase reactivation can ameliorate intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of IBD through the regulation of the YAP1/pro-IL-18 axis. This study aims to validate the therapeutic potential of this axis genetically and with the use of small molecule activators and inhibitors in the intestinal epithelium of IBD patients.
Economic evaluation of sea-level rise adaptation strongly influenced by hydrodynamic feedbacks
Authors: Hummel Michelle A. , Griffin Robert , Arkema Katie , Guerry Anne D. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
As sea levels rise, coastal cities will rely on shoreline protection strategies such as levees and seawalls to mitigate flooding. Although these strategies provide local flood-reduction benefits, they can increase inundation along other shorelines within the same estuary or bay. Using hydrodynamic and economic models, we quantify previously unmeasured regional economic damages (up to $723 million per flood event) that result from the protection of individual shoreline segments in San Francisco Bay, CA. We also highlight and quantify opportunities to alleviate regional flood damage through strategic floodwater storage in low-lying areas. Integrating the findings into coordinated planning efforts that account for the regional impacts of local shoreline actions could provide opportunities to reduce shared risk in coastal regions globally.
Low-energy spin dynamics in rare-earth perovskite oxides
Authors: Podlesnyak A , Nikitin S E , Ehlers G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We review recent studies of spin dynamics in rare-earth orthorhombic perovskite oxides of the type RMO3, where R is a rare-earth ion and M is a transition-metal ion, using single-crystal inelastic neutron scattering (INS). After a short introduction to the magnetic INS technique in general, the results of INS experiments on both transition-metal and rare-earth subsystems for four selected compounds (YbFeO3, TmFeO3, YFeO3, YbAlO3) are presented. We show that the spectrum of magnetic excitations consists of two types of collective modes that are well separated in energy: gapped magnons with a typical bandwidth of <70 meV, associated with the antiferromagnetically (AFM) ordered transition-metal subsystem, and AFM fluctuations of <5 meV within the rare-earth subsystem, with no hybridization of those modes. We discuss the high-energy conventional magnon excitations of the 3d subsystem only briefly, and focus in more detail on the spectacular dynamics of the rare-earth sublattice in these materials. We observe that the nature of the ground state and the low-energy excitation strongly depends on the identity of the rare-earth ion. In the case of non-Kramers ions, the low-symmetry crystal field completely eliminates the degeneracy of the multiplet state, creating a rich magnetic field-temperature phase diagram. In the case of Kramers ions, the resulting ground state is at least a doublet, which can be viewed as an effective quantum spin-1/2. Equally important is the fact that in Yb-based materials the nearest-neighbor exchange interaction dominates in one direction, despite the three-dimensional nature of the orthoperovskite crystal structure. The observation of a fractional spinon continuum and quantum criticality in YbAlO3 demonstrates that Kramers rare-earth based magnets can provide realizations of various aspects of quantum low-dimensional physics.