bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive comprehensive particle swarm optimisation‐based functional‐link neural network filtre model for denoising ultrasound images
Authors: Kumar Manish , Mishra Sudhansu Kumar , Joseph Justin , Jangir Sunil Kumar , Goyal Dinesh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMultiplicative speckle is a dominant type of noise that spoils the inherent features of the medical ultrasound (US) images. Apart from the speckle, impulse and Gaussian noises also appear in the US image due to the error encountered during the data transmission and transition of switching circuits and sensors. The noise not only deteriorates the visual quality of the US but also creates complications in the diagnosis. In this study, an adaptive comprehensive particle swarm optimisation‐based functional‐link neural network (ACPSO‐FLNN) filtre has been proposed and implemented in filtering noisy US images in different noise conditions. The proposed filtre is compared with some state‐of‐the‐art filtering techniques. Quantitative and qualitative measures such as training time, time complexity, convergence rate, and statistical test are included to study the performance of the proposed filtre. Furthermore, sensitivity, computational complexity, and order of the proposed filtre are also investigated. Friedman's test with 50 images is performed for statistical validation. The lower rank, that is, 6 and critical value of 21 × 10–4 of the proposed ACPSO‐FLNN filtre validates its dominance over other filtres.
Observations of a prominence eruption and loop contraction
Authors: Devi Pooja , Démoulin Pascal , Chandra Ramesh , Joshi Reetika , Schmieder Brigitte , Joshi Bhuwan 
Published: January 2021

Context.Prominence eruptions provide key observations to understand the launch of coronal mass ejections as their cold plasma traces a part of the unstable magnetic configuration.Aims.We select a well observed case to derive observational constraints for eruption models.Methods.We analyze the prominence eruption and loop expansion and contraction observed on 02 March 2015 associated with a GOES M3.7 class flare (SOL2015-03-02T15:27) using the data from Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). We study the prominence eruption and the evolution of loops using the time-distance techniques.Results.The source region is a decaying bipolar active region where magnetic flux cancellation is present for several days before the eruption. AIA observations locate the erupting prominence within a flux rope viewed along its local axis direction. We identify and quantify the motion of loops in contraction and expansion located on the side of the erupting flux rope. Finally, RHESSI hard X-ray observations identify the loop top and two foot-point sources.Conclusions.Both AIA and RHESSI observations support the standard model of eruptive flares. The contraction occurs 19 min after the start of the prominence eruption indicating that this contraction is not associated with the eruption driver. Rather, this prominence eruption is compatible with an unstable flux rope where the contraction and expansion of the lateral loop is the consequence of a side vortex developing after the flux rope is launched.
Development of a Novel Method for Trimethylsilylation of Saccharides­
Authors: Chen Jyun-Siao , Ke Yi-Fan , Lin Heng-Yan , Luo Shun-Yuan , Lin Wesley , Yen Wei-Chung , Wu Hsin-Ru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe trimethylsilyl (TMS) group is widely used in carbo­hydrate synthesis, although this protecting group is unstable and its post-synthetic purification challenging. The successful trimethylsilyl­ation of carbohydrates mediated by recyclable and efficient acidic catalyst PTA/HMDS and the novel reagent, TMSOAc (TEA/TMSOAc), under alkaline condition is reported. The advantages of these methods are that the reactions proceed in good to excellent yields without applying column chromatography for purification.
The Raspberry Pi auto-aligner: Machine learning for automated alignment of laser beams
Authors: Mathew Renju S. , O’Donnell Roshan , Pizzey Danielle , Hughes Ifan G. 
Published: January 2021

We present a novel solution to automated beam alignment optimization. This device is based on a Raspberry Pi computer, stepper motors, commercial optomechanics and electronic devices, and the open-source machine learning algorithm M-LOOP. We provide schematic drawings for the custom hardware necessary to operate the device and discuss diagnostic techniques to determine the performance. The beam auto-aligning device has been used to improve the alignment of a laser beam into a single-mode optical fiber from manually optimized fiber alignment, with an iteration time of typically 20 minutes. We present example data of one such measurement to illustrate device performance.
Using data-driven approaches to improve delivery of animal health care interventions for public health
Authors: Mazeri Stella , Burdon Bailey Jordana L. , Mayer Dagmar , Chikungwa Patrick , Chulu Julius , Grossman Paul Orion , Lohr Frederic , Gibson Andrew D. , Handel Ian G. , Bronsvoort Barend M. deC. , Gamble Luke , Mellanby Richard J. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Rabies is arguably the exemplar of the One Health Agenda in which preventative health care in one species can improve health of other species. Interrogation of large epidemiology datasets offers the potential to deliver health care initiatives in a more efficient and cost-effective manner. However, real-life examples demonstrating this potential are limited. Here, we report a real-time, data-driven approach to improve cost effectiveness of dog vaccination campaigns in urban sub-Saharan African settings, which eliminates the need of expensive door-to-door vaccination by replacing them with strategically positioned fixed and roaming static points (SPs). This approach has the potential to act as a template for future successful and sustainable urban SP-only dog vaccination campaigns.
Pervasive cropland in protected areas highlight trade-offs between conservation and food security
Authors: Vijay Varsha , Armsworth Paul R. 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceBiodiversity conservation strategies emphasize protected area expansion to mitigate species losses by safeguarding habitat. However, demand for land for food production is also increasing. We establish a baseline estimate of where and why cropland occurs in protected areas. Our estimates would indicate cropland represents around 18% of all human impacts inside protected areas. Cropland will not be effective in conserving many species, particularly habitat specialists, rare, and threatened species. This suggests a reexamination of the effectiveness of area-based protected area planning is needed. The success of post-2020 biodiversity management depends on addressing trade-offs with food production by creating opportunities to integrate ecosystem conservation and restoration with programs for hunger and malnutrition.
Positive epistasis between disease-causing missense mutations and silent polymorphism with effect on mRNA translation velocity
Authors: Rauscher Robert , Bampi Giovana B. , Guevara-Ferrer Marta , Santos Leonardo A. , Joshi Disha , Mark David , Strug Lisa J. , Rommens Johanna M. , Ballmann Manfred , Sorscher Eric J. , Oliver Kathryn E. , Ignatova Zoya 
Published: January 2021

Significance
The same mutation can have different effects among individuals, and one reason for this is the presence of additional mutations, a relationship known as epistasis. Epistatic effects are difficult to predict. We report a rare example of positive epistasis between a silent mutation (that changes nucleotide but not the encoded amino acid) and missense mutation(s) (that change amino acid and cause cystic fibrosis disease). Individually, each mutation has a detrimental effect, but they are beneficial when present together. The underlying molecular effect is in their ability to markedly modulate the ribosomal speed on mRNA in a synergistic fashion. In a broader setting of human diseases, our results suggest that epistasis with silent mutation broadens the spectrum of disease outcome.
Evolution and demise of passive margins through grain mixing and damage
Authors: Bercovici David , Mulyukova Elvira 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Subduction of sea floor into the Earth’s mantle is the engine of plate tectonics. Yet, how subduction initiates remains a mystery. Subduction often occurs along trenches at the ocean–continent margin, which implies they formed there, when the margin was once immobile or passive, but then collapsed. Margin collapse occurs when near-surface mantle, the lithosphere, gets cold and heavy and founders. That cold lithosphere, however, should be too stiff to sink. Grain damage in mantle rocks, whereby mineral grains under stress diminish in size, weakens the lithosphere and mostly occurs where minerals mix with each other. Horizontal compressive stresses in a passive margin induce mixing and damage and generate weak bands in the lithosphere that facilitate subduction initiation.
Distinct electrophysiological signatures of task-unrelated and dynamic thoughts
Authors: Kam Julia W. Y. , Irving Zachary C. , Mills Caitlin , Patel Shawn , Gopnik Alison , Knight Robert T. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Our minds rarely stay still when left alone. Such trains of thought, however, may unfold in vastly different ways. Here, we combined electrophysiological recording with thought sampling to assess four types of thoughts: task-unrelated, freely moving, deliberately constrained, and automatically constrained. Parietal P3 was larger for task-related relative to task-unrelated thoughts, whereas frontal P3 was increased for deliberately constrained compared with unconstrained thoughts. Enhanced frontal alpha power was observed during freely moving thoughts compared with non-freely moving thoughts. Alpha-power variability was increased for task-unrelated, freely moving, and unconstrained thoughts. Our findings indicate these thought types have distinct electrophysiological signatures, suggesting that they capture the heterogeneity of our ongoing thoughts.
Autoinhibitory elements of the Chd1 remodeler block initiation of twist defects by destabilizing the ATPase motor on the nucleosome
Authors: Nodelman Ilana M. , Shen Zhongtian , Levendosky Robert F. , Bowman Gregory D. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Nucleosomes, the fundamental packaging unit of eukaryotic chromosomes, affect gene expression profiles based on their positioning. By shifting nucleosomes along genomic DNA, chromatin remodelers are key reorganizing factors that are often mutated in cancers and developmental disorders. Here, we demonstrate how one remodeler class, called Chd1, uses autoinhibitory elements to control the direction of nucleosome sliding. We show that, through positioning of its DNA-binding domain, the autoinhibitory elements of Chd1 can block an initial stage of DNA distortion required for sliding. This interference by autoinhibitory domains weakens remodeler–nucleosome interactions, transiently preventing subsequent binding and hydrolysis of ATP from ratcheting nucleosomes along DNA.
Quantum phases of Rydberg atoms on a kagome lattice
Authors: Samajdar Rhine , Ho Wen Wei , Pichler Hannes , Lukin Mikhail D. , Sachdev Subir 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Programmable quantum simulators based on Rydberg atom arrays have recently emerged as versatile platforms for exploring exotic many-body phases and quantum dynamics of strongly correlated systems. In this work, we theoretically investigate the quantum phases that can be realized by arranging such Rydberg atoms on a kagome lattice. Along with an extensive analysis of the states which break lattice symmetries due to classical correlations, we identify an intriguing regime that constitutes a promising candidate for hosting a phase with long-range quantum entanglement and topological order. Our results provide a route to experimentally realizing and probing highly entangled quantum matter.
Multiple cannabinoid signaling cascades powerfully suppress recurrent excitation in the hippocampus
Authors: Jensen Kyle R. , Berthoux Coralie , Nasrallah Kaoutsar , Castillo Pablo E. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
In the hippocampus, the recurrent excitatory circuit established by reciprocal connections between dentate granule cells and mossy cells is dynamically regulated by activity and has been implicated in pattern separation and epilepsy. The extensive projections of mossy cells make this recurrent circuit particularly prone to runaway activity. Here, we identified multiple mechanisms by which activation of cannabinoid receptors, which are highly expressed in mossy cell axons, powerfully dampen the activity of this circuit by selectively suppressing both mossy cell to granule cell basal synaptic transmission and LTP induction. These inhibitory actions likely contribute to a sparse network of quiet granule cells, which is critical to pattern separation, precludes epilepsy, and may explain some of the marijuana-mediated effects in hippocampal-dependent memory.
Native American fire management at an ancient wildland–urban interface in the Southwest United States
Authors: Roos Christopher I. , Swetnam Thomas W. , Ferguson T. J. , Liebmann Matthew J. , Loehman Rachel A. , Welch John R. , Margolis Ellis Q. , Guiterman Christopher H. , Hockaday William C. , Aiuvalasit Michael J. , Battillo Jenna , Farella Joshua , Kiahtipes Christopher A. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
As residential development continues into flammable landscapes, wildfires increasingly threaten homes, lives, and livelihoods in the so-called “wildland–urban interface,” or WUI. Although this problem seems distinctly modern, Native American communities have lived in WUI contexts for centuries. When carefully considered, the past offers valuable lessons for coexisting with wildfire, climate change, and related challenges. Here we show that ancestors of Native Americans from Jemez Pueblo used ecologically savvy intensive burning and wood collection to make their ancient WUI resistant to climate variability and extreme fire behavior. Learning from the past offers modern WUI communities more options for addressing contemporary fire challenges. Public/private–tribal partnerships for wood and fire management can offer paths forward to restore fire-resilient WUI communities.
Growth hormone-releasing hormone agonists ameliorate chronic kidney disease-induced heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Rieger Angela C. , Bagno Luiza L. , Salerno Alessandro , Florea Victoria , Rodriguez Jose , Rosado Marcos , Turner Darren , Dulce Raul A. , Takeuchi Lauro M. , Kanashiro-Takeuchi Rosemeire M. , Buchwald Peter , Wanschel Amarylis C. B. A. , Balkan Wayne , Schulman Ivonne H. , Schally Andrew V. , Hare Joshua M. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
This randomized, blinded study used rigorous hemodynamic tools to test the efficacy of a synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone agonist (GHRH‐A) on the restoration of diastolic function in a large animal model of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-induced heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). CKD was produced in Yorkshire swine by performing a 5/6 nephrectomy via catheter-based renal artery embolization. HFpEF was evident at 12 wk postembolization. Daily injection of GHRH-A improved cardiac diastolic hemodynamics, including end-diastolic pressure, end-diastolic pressure–volume ratio, and stroke work, compared to placebo. Development of this swine model and therapeutic approach has important implications because of the high prevalence of CKD-induced HFpEF and cardiorenal syndromes, lack of effective therapies, and few large-animal models available for investigation.
A short ORF-encoded transcriptional regulator
Authors: Koh Minseob , Ahmad Insha , Ko Yeonjin , Zhang Yuxiang , Martinez Thomas F. , Diedrich Jolene K. , Chu Qian , Moresco James J. , Erb Michael A. , Saghatelian Alan , Schultz Peter G. , Bollong Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
The small size of short ORF-encoded peptides (SEPs) has made it difficult to identify their cellular binding partners using standard methods. Here, we show that the photo-crosslinking amino acid AbK can be incorporated into overexpressed, epitope-tagged SEP transgenes, allowing covalent bond formation between SEPs and their interactors in live cells. From an AP-MS–based screen of conserved mammalian SEPs, we identified short ORF-encoded histone binding protein (SEBHP), a micropeptide which acts as a transcriptional regulator, capable of modulating more than 15% of the active transcriptome. The methodology described herein will likely be of broad utility in annotating the essential physiological roles of SEPs.
Long-range structural defects by pathogenic mutations in most severe glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Horikoshi Naoki , Hwang Sunhee , Gati Cornelius , Matsui Tsutomu , Castillo-Orellana Carlos , Raub Andrew G. , Garcia Adriana A. , Jabbarpour Fatemeh , Batyuk Alexander , Broweleit Joshua , Xiang Xinyu , Chiang Andrew , Broweleit Rachel , Vöhringer-Martinez Esteban , Mochly-Rosen Daria , Wakatsuki Soichi 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Mechanism of the loss of activity of the most severe patient-derived mutants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency has remained elusive despite the availability of the G6PD structures for decades. Structural and biophysical investigations have revealed a common mechanism and dynamics of how these mutations hinder the substrate-binding site, reducing enzymatic activity. These are triggered by a long-distance propagation of structural defects at the dimer interface and the binding site of the noncatalytic cofactor. These structural distortions are found among all of the class I mutants investigated, providing critical clues for drug design to address G6PD deficiency by correcting the structural defects.
Roadmap on emerging concepts in the physical biology of bacterial biofilms: from surface sensing to community formation
Authors: Wong Gerard C L , Antani Jyot D , Lele Pushkar P , Chen Jing , Nan Beiyan , Kühn Marco J , Persat Alexandre , Bru Jean-Louis , Høyland-Kroghsbo Nina Molin , Siryaporn Albert , Conrad Jacinta C , Carrara Francesco , Yawata Yutaka , Stocker Roman , V Brun Yves , Whitfield Gregory B , Lee Calvin K , de Anda Jaime , Schmidt William C , Golestanian Ramin , O’Toole George A , Floyd Kyle A , Yildiz Fitnat H , Yang Shuai , Jin Fan , Toyofuku Masanori , Eberl Leo , Nomura Nobuhiko , Zacharoff Lori A , El-Naggar Mohamed Y , Yalcin Sibel Ebru , Malvankar Nikhil S , Rojas-Andrade Mauricio D , Hochbaum Allon I , Yan Jing , Stone Howard A , Wingreen Ned S , Bassler Bonnie L , Wu Yilin , Xu Haoran , Drescher Knut , Dunkel Jörn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacteria that exist as aggregates that can adhere to surfaces or be free-standing. This complex, social mode of cellular organization is fundamental to the physiology of microbes and often exhibits surprising behavior. Bacterial biofilms are more than the sum of their parts: single-cell behavior has a complex relation to collective community behavior, in a manner perhaps cognate to the complex relation between atomic physics and condensed matter physics. Biofilm microbiology is a relatively young field by biology standards, but it has already attracted intense attention from physicists. Sometimes, this attention takes the form of seeing biofilms as inspiration for new physics. In this roadmap, we highlight the work of those who have taken the opposite strategy: we highlight the work of physicists and physical scientists who use physics to engage fundamental concepts in bacterial biofilm microbiology, including adhesion, sensing, motility, signaling, memory, energy flow, community formation and cooperativity. These contributions are juxtaposed with microbiologists who have made recent important discoveries on bacterial biofilms using state-of-the-art physical methods. The contributions to this roadmap exemplify how well physics and biology can be combined to achieve a new synthesis, rather than just a division of labor.
Weakening connections in heterogeneous mean-field models
Authors: Dias C , Hase M O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two versions of the susceptible-infected-susceptible epidemic model, which have different transmission rules, are analysed. Both models are considered on a weighted network to simulate a mitigation in the connection between the individuals. The analysis is performed through a heterogeneous mean-field approach on a scale-free network. For a suitable choice of the parameters, both models exhibit a positive infection threshold, when they share the same critical exponents associated with the behaviour of the prevalence against the infection rate. Nevertheless, when the infection threshold vanishes, the prevalence of these models display different algebraic decays to zero for low values of the infection rate.
An IoT Based diabetic patient Monitoring System Using Machine Learning and Node MCU
Authors: Rghioui Amine , Naja Assia , Mauri Jaime Lloret , Oumnad Abedlmajid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Diabetic patient monitoring is a systematic method that provides us with detailed information about the diabetic patient. Diabetic patient monitoring systems play a significant role in monitoring the patient's health, especially with the use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Diabetic patient monitoring systems are able basically to monitor diabetic patients and save some data about blood glucose level, body temperature, and location. The role of this system is not limited to patients monitoring, it can also classify data using machine learning techniques. Predictive analytic for diabetic patients is very important due to its ability to help diabetic patients, their families, doctors, and medical researchers to make decisions on diabetic patient treatment based on big data. This paper describes a new system for monitoring diabetic patients and discusses predictive analytics using four different machine-learning algorithms. The performance and accuracy of the applied algorithms are discussed and compared to choose the best one in terms of several parameters.
Simulation and Functional Mechanism of Tuna Median Fins on Yaw Mobility in Unsteady Flow
Authors: Li Xiaohu , Weng Lei , Gao Ji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Tuna keeps its median fins erect in searching and feeding behaviors. During the process of these behaviors, tuna probably needs to yaw frequently in the wake of a shoal of small fish. This paper aims to clarify the functional mechanism of the erected median fins on yaw mobility in unsteady flow. Firstly, the CAD simulation models with two morphing states of the median fins are constructed by scanning and measuring the physical prototype of real yellowfin tuna. Secondly, the wake environment of the fish school is created by swinging a tuna model back and forth. Lastly, the hydrodynamic analysis of different morphing states of tuna median fins in unsteady flow is carried out. The results show that the lift forces of the median fins increases in the erection state to a certain extent, which is beneficial to the tuna’s yaw motions. Moreover, the hydrodynamics of the tuna’s body also rise due to the interaction between the body and the median fins. This further improves the yaw mobility of the tuna in unsteady flow.