bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Deviation Control for Aircraft Using Digital Twin
Authors: Cai Hongxia , Zhu Jiamin , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
During the manufacturing process of aircraft, quality deviation problems inevitably occur due to the high complexity of aircraft design, manufacturing errors, tooling mistakes, human factors, environmental influences, design defects, and other factors. The current quality deviation control system of civil aircraft suffers from two problems: (1) quality deviation control data are scattered in more than 100 management systems, and it is difficult to extract quality data-related information from the whole life cycle of the aircraft involving the main manufacturer and each supplier and (2) there is a lack of quality data analysis and a closed-loop information-physics fusion system for quality deviation control. Thus, it is difficult to locate the quality deviation problems and it takes a long time to deal with these problems as well. In this paper, a digital twin-based quality deviation control model is proposed. Through the digital twin modeling based on asset management shell technology, the multi-source and heterogeneous quality deviation data can be extracted and integrated. Furthermore, to deal with the second problem, a quality deviation system has been built based on digital twin. In this system, the aircraft quality deviation data can be analyzed by the FP-growth association rule algorithm and the results are provided through the system to guide the assembly site, improving the efficiency and accuracy of quality problem-solving in the physical world. In addition, a case study is stated, where the proposed approach is applied to deal with the aircraft quality deviation problems.
Physics-Based Compressive Sensing to Enable Digital Twins of Additive Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Lu Yanglong , Shevtshenko Eduard , Wang Yan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sensors play an important role in monitoring manufacturing processes and update their digital twins. However, the data transmission bandwidth and sensor placement limitations in the physical systems may not allow us to collect the amount or the type of data that we wish. Recently, a physics-based compressive sensing (PBCS) approach was proposed to monitor manufacturing processes and obtain high-fidelity information with the reduced number of sensors by incorporating physical models of processes in compressed sensing. It can recover and reconstruct complete three-dimensional temperature distributions based on some limited measurements. In this paper, a constrained orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is developed for PBCS, where coherence exists between the measurement matrix and the basis matrix. The efficiency of recovery is improved by introducing a boundary-domain reduction approach, which reduces the size of PBCS model matrices during the inverse operations. The improved PBCS method is demonstrated with the measurement of temperature distributions in the cooling and real-time printing processes of fused filament fabrication.
Digital Twin-Driven Controller Tuning Method for Dynamics
Authors: He Bin , Li Tengyu , Xiao Jinglong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe control performance of the control system directly affects the running performance of the product. In order to solve the problem that the dynamics characteristics of mechanical systems are affected by the performance degradation of the controller, a digital twin-driven proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller tuning method for dynamics is proposed. In this paper, first, the structure and operation mechanism of the digital twin model for PID controller tuning are described. Using the advantages of virtual real mapping and data fusion of the digital twin model, combined with the online identification of the controlled object model, the problems of real-time feedback of an actual control effect of the controller and the unreal virtual model of the control system caused by time-varying working conditions are effectively solved, and the closed-loop self-tuning of PID controller is realized. At the same time, intelligent optimization algorithm is integrated to improve the efficiency and accuracy of PID controller parameter tuning. Second, the modeling method of the digital twin model is described from three aspects of physical prototyping, twin service system, and virtual prototyping. Finally, the controller tuning for gear transmission stability is taken as an example to verify the practicability of the proposed method.
CAD-Model Based Inspection of Sculptured Surfaces
Authors: Huang X. , Gu P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Increasing demands on high precision manufacturing of parts with complex surfaces have been observed in the last several years. Although significant progress has been made in precision machining of complex surfaces, precision inspection of such surfaces remains a difficult problem. A critical issue in surface inspection is localization of design coordinate system (DCS) on a measurement machine. As localization has to rely on manufactured surface features that contain imperfections, a matching method is essential in order to achieve an accurate location. This paper presents a CAD-model based inspection approach to precision inspection of sculptured surfaces. The link between an inspection module and a CAD system was established through neutral files in Pro/Engineer. Surfaces are represented in bicubic parametric spline models. An effective pseudoinverse algorithm was developed and implemented for localization. It consists of two iterative operations: 1), constructing a pseudo transformation matrix, and 2), point matching. Since this approach does not involve solving nonlinear equations for the parameters of positions and orientations, it is fast and robust. The algorithm was implemented and tested with several examples. It is effective and can be used in industry for sculptured surface inspection.
Locating Error Analysis for Computer-Aided Fixture Design and Verification
Authors: Rong Y. , Li W. , Bai Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, locating error effects are analyzed on geometric errors produced in machining processes, such as the parallelism, perpendicularity, and angularity of machining plane or hole surfaces. Inaccurate placement of locator positions in a fixture design may cause a change of workpiece position and orientation, and in turn, contribute to the geometric error of the products. This effect could be complex even if only the variation of one locator’s position is considered because relative slip motions between the workpiece and locators are usually allowed in fixture design. In this research, locating reference planes are established according to the positions of locators. When the locators’ positions change, the variation of these planes can be estimated. The coordinates of an arbitrary point on a machining surface of the workpiece can be determined relative to these reference planes. The coordinate variations of the points on the machining surface can be identified based on the change of locators’ positions, which is used for estimating the geometric errors produced in a machining process due to the inaccuracy of locators’ positions. This information is utilized in computer-aided fixture design and verification.
High Power CPU Cooling Experiment
Authors: Nadworny Elizabeth B. , Yip T. Gary , Farag Nader 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This experimental study focuses on the enhancement of the heat removal process by modifying the geometry of pin fin heat sinks, while maintaining the same effective heat transfer area. The pins are cut at an angle to reduce the blockage of air flow across the surface.
To perform this study, a small scale wind tunnel facility has been designed specifically for testing high power dissipation processors and other ULSI components. The facility is fully automated and controlled by an HP3852A Data Acquisition System interfaced with a 486 based PC computer.
The average surface temperature, Reynolds number, Nusselt number and other relevant heat transfer parameters were reduced from the data collected. Results from the study show that a heat sink with an angled trailing edge produces the greatest enhancement of heat removal. The mechanism for the improved heat transfer is the larger temperature gradient across the surface, which is obtained by lowering the minimum temperature on the surface.
A Model Driven Methodology for Business Process Engineering
Authors: Chadha Bipin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Having competitive processes has become as important (if not more) as having competitive products. Simply designing good products is not enough to gain competitive edge. Business processes have grown complex and fragmented in an ad-hoc manner. They span several departments and are very inefficient. Often the work being performed conflicts with the organizations’ goals and strategic objectives. Traditional practices and policies tend to encourage this, resulting in being part of the problem instead of being part of the solution.
This paper presents a model driven methodology for Business Process Engineering (BPE) to support an organization’s migration to effective, agile and efficient processes. The essential elements of the methodology are process modeling, process analysis, and process execution by utilizing an array of information technologies. The methodology steps depend on process models for understanding, analyzing, simulating, improving, innovating, and implementing the business processes. The methodology starts by defining the goals and objectives of the BPE project. Candidate business processes are identified. The selected strategic “As-Is” business processes are analyzed to find where problems exist. Several techniques are employed to engineer the “To-Be” process. The new process may be a radical departure from the old process. The alternatives are evaluated using cost/benefit analysis. The selected processes are then implemented using a phased approach that relies on information technology solutions alongwith the implementation of recommended organizational and cultural changes. A continuous improvement program is put into place to ensure long term success.
Test–Retest Reliability of the Total Motion Release® Scale
Authors: Miley Emilie N. , Reeves Ashley J. , Casanova Madeline P. , Martonick Nickolai J.P. , Baker Jayme , Baker Russell T. 
Published: March 2021

Context: Total Motion Release® (TMR®) is a novel treatment paradigm used to restore asymmetries in the body (eg, pain, tightness, limited range of motion). Six primary movements, known as the Fab 6, are performed by the patient and scored using a 0 to 100 scale. Clinicians currently utilize the TMR® scale to modify treatment, assess patient progress, and measure treatment effectiveness; however, the reliability of the TMR® scale has not been determined. It is imperative to assess scale reliability and establish minimal detectable change (MDC) values to guide clinical practice. Objective: To assess the reliability of the TMR® scale and establish MDC values for each motion in healthy individuals in a group setting. Design: Retrospective analysis of group TMR® assessments. Setting: University classroom. Participants: A convenience sample of 61 students (23 males and 38 females; 25.48 [5.73] y), with (n = 31) and without (n = 30) previous exposure to TMR®. Intervention: The TMR® Fab 6 movements were tested at 2 time points, 2 hours apart. A clinician with previous training in TMR® led participant groups through both sessions while participants recorded individual motion scores using the 0 to 100 TMR® scale. Test–retest reliability was calculated using an intraclass correlation coefficient (2,1) for inexperienced, experienced, and combined student groups. Standard error of measurement and MDC values were also assessed for each intraclass correlation coefficient. Outcome Measure: Self-reported scores on the TMR® scale. Results: Test–retest reliability ranged from 0.57 to 0.95 across the Fab 6 movements, standard error of measurement values ranged from 4.85 to 11.77, and MDC values ranged from 13.45 to 32.62. Conclusion: The results indicate moderate to excellent reliability across the Fab 6 movements and a range of MDC values. Although this study is the first step in assessing the reliability of the TMR® scale for clinical practice, caution is warranted until further research is completed to establish reliability and MDC values of the TMR® scale in various settings to better guide patient care.
Calcium isotope composition ofMorozovellaover the late Paleocene–early Eocene
Authors: Kitch Gabriella D. , Jacobson Andrew D. , Harper Dustin T. , Hurtgen Matthew T. , Sageman Bradley B. , Zachos James C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) likely caused a biocalcification crisis. The calcium isotope composition (δ44/40Ca) of primary carbonate producers may be sensitive to OA. To test this hypothesis, we constructed the first high-resolution, high-precision planktic foraminiferal δ44/40Ca records before and across the PETM. The records employ specimens of Morozovella spp. collected from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1209 (Shatsky Rise, Pacific Ocean) and 1263 (Walvis Ridge, Atlantic Ocean). At Site 1209, δ44/40Ca values start at −1.33‰ during the Upper Paleocene and increase to a peak of −1.15‰ immediately before the negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that marks the PETM onset. Values remain elevated through the PETM interval and decrease into the earliest Eocene. A shorter-term record for Site 1263 shows a similar trend, although δ44/40Ca values are on average 0.22‰ lower and decrease shortly after the CIE onset. The trends support neither diagenetic overprinting, authigenic carbonate additions, nor changes in the δ44/40Ca value of seawater. Rather, they are consistent with a kinetic isotope effect, whereby calcite δ44/40Ca values inversely correlate with precipitation rate. Geologically rapid Ca isotope shifts appear to reflect the response of Morozovella to globally forced changes in the local carbonate geochemistry of seawater. All data combined suggest that the PETM-OA event occurred near the peak of a gradual reduction in seawater carbonate ion concentrations during a time of elevated atmospheric pCO2, potentially driven by North Atlantic igneous province emplacement.
Plasma Protein Profile of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis and Atherosclerotic Outcomes
Authors: Lind Lars , Gigante Bruna , Borné Yan , Feldreich Tobias , Leppert Jerzy , Hedberg Pär , Östgren Carl Johan , Nyström Fredrik H. , Sundström Johan , Ärnlöv Johan , Baldassarre Damiano , Tremoli Elena , Veglia Fabrizio , Hamsten Anders , O’Donnell Christopher J. , Franceschini Nora , Orho-Melander Marju , Nilsson Jan , Melander Olle , Engström Gunnar , Mälarstig Anders 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To identify causal pathophysiological mechanisms for atherosclerosis and incident cardiovascular events using protein measurements.

Approach and Results:

Carotid artery atherosclerosis was assessed by ultrasound, and 86 cardiovascular-related proteins were measured using the Olink CVD-I panel in 7 Swedish prospective studies (11 754 individuals). The proteins were analyzed in relation to intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery (IMT-CCA), plaque occurrence, and incident cardiovascular events (composite end point of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke) using a discovery/replication approach in different studies. After adjustments for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, 11 proteins remained significantly associated with IMT-CCA in the replication stage, whereas 9 proteins were replicated for plaque occurrence and 17 proteins for incident cardiovascular events. NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-12 were associated with both IMT-CCA and incident events, but the overlap was considerably larger between plaque occurrence and incident events, including MMP-12, TIM-1 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1), GDF (growth/differentiation factor)-15, IL (interleukin)-6, U-PAR (urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor), LOX-1 (lectin-like oxidized LDL [low-density lipoprotein] receptor 1), and TRAIL-R2 (TNF [tumor necrosis factor]-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2). Only MMP-12 was associated with IMT-CCA, plaque, and incident events with a positive and concordant direction of effect. However, a 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that increased MMP-12 may be protective against ischemic stroke (
P
=5.5×10
−7
), which is in the opposite direction of the observational analyses.

Conclusions:
The present meta-analysis discovered several proteins related to carotid atherosclerosis that partly differed in their association with IMT-CCA, plaque, and incident atherosclerotic disease. Mendelian randomization analysis for the top finding, MMP-12, suggests that the increased levels of MMP-12 could be a consequence of atherosclerotic burden rather than the opposite chain of events.
Prediction of Death After Noncardiac Surgery: Potential Advantage of Using High‐Sensitivity Troponin T as a Continuous Variable
Authors: Machado Mauricio N. , Rodrigues Fernando B. , Nakazone Marcelo A. , Martin Danilo F. , Sabbag Amália T. R. , Grigolo Ingrid H. , Silva‐Júnior Osvaldo L. , Maia Lilia N. , Jaffe Allan S. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Increased high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) above the upper reference limit (URL) after noncardiac surgery identifies patients at risk for mortality. Prior studies have not analyzed hs‐cTnT as a continuous variable or probed age‐ and sex‐specific URLs. This study compared the prediction of 30‐day mortality using continuous postoperative hs‐cTnT levels to the use of the overall URL and age‐ and sex‐specific URLs.

Methods and Results

Patients (876) >40 years of age who underwent noncardiac surgery were included. Hs‐cTnT was measured on postoperative day 1. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare associations between 30‐day mortality and using hs‐cTnT as a continuous variable, or above the overall or age‐ and sex‐specific URLs. Comparisons were performed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Mortality was 4.2%. For each 1 ng/L increase in postoperative hs‐cTnT, there was a 0.3% increase in mortality (
P
<0.001). Patients with postoperative hs‐cTnT >14 ng/L were 37% of the cohort, while those above age‐ and sex‐specific URLs were 25.3%. Both manifested higher mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 3.19; 95% CI, 1.20–8.49;
P
=0.020) and (HR, 2.76;
P
=0.009) than those with normal levels. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.89 using hs‐cTnT as a continuous variable, 0.87 for age‐ and sex‐specific URLs, and 0.86 for the overall URL.

Conclusions
Hs‐cTnT as a continuous variable was independently associated with 30‐day mortality and had the highest accuracy. Hs‐cTnT elevations using overall and/or age‐ and sex‐specific URLs were also associated with higher mortality.
Crossing Academic Boundaries for Diagnostic Safety: 10 Complex Challenges and Potential Solutions From Clinical Perspectives and High-Reliability Organizing Principles
Authors: Yousef Elham A. , Sutcliffe Kathleen M. , McDonald Kathryn M. , Newman-Toker David E. 
Published: March 2021

Objective We apply the high-reliability organization (HRO) paradigm to the diagnostic process, outlining challenges to enacting HRO principles in diagnosis and offering solutions for how diagnostic process stakeholders can overcome these barriers. Background Evidence shows that healthcare is starting to organize for higher reliability by employing various principles and practices of HRO. These hold promise for enhancing safer care, but there has been little consideration of the challenges that clinicians and healthcare systems face while enacting HRO principles in the diagnostic process. To effectively deploy the HRO perspective, these barriers must be seriously considered. Method We review key principles of the HRO paradigm, the diagnostic errors and harms that potentially can be prevented by its enactment, the challenges that clinicians and healthcare systems face in executing various principles and practices, and possible solutions that clinicians and organizational leaders can take to overcome these challenges and barriers. Results Our analyses reveal multiple challenges including the inherent diagnostic uncertainty; the lack of diagnosis-focused performance feedback; the fact that diagnosis is often a solo, rather than team, activity; the tendency to simplify the diagnostic process; and professional and institutional status hierarchies. But these challenges are not insurmountable—there are strategies and solutions available to overcome them. Conclusion The HRO lens offers some important ideas for how the safety of the diagnostic process can be improved. Application The ideas proposed here can be enacted by both individual clinicians and healthcare leaders; both are necessary for making systematic progress in enhancing diagnostic performance.
Red blood cell transfusion requirements for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Choi Min H , Alvarez Nkosi H , Till Brian M , Tsypin Yevgeniy , Sparks Bailey , Hirose Hitoshi 
Published: March 2021

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a rescue procedure used for cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction. Patients on ECMO often require blood transfusions to maintain oxygen delivery and recover from bleeding complications. Goals of the current study were to determine transfusion requirements while on ECMO, and incidence and transfusion requirements for bleeding complications. Methods: Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions and bleeding complications were identified by retrospective chart review of patients on ECMO from 2010 to 2018 at our institution. Patients were categorized into those who did not bleed (group A) and those who bled (group B). Incidence, sites of bleed, and transfusion requirement for each bleeding were analyzed. Results: Among 217 patients including veno-arterial (VA) ( n = 148) and veno-venous (VV) ( n = 69) ECMO, we identified 62 patients without bleeding complications (group A) and 155 patients with bleeding complications (group B). In group A, transfusion requirement was 0.6 PRBC/day for VA-ECMO ( n = 42) and 0.2 PRBC/day for VV-ECMO ( n = 20) (p = 0.0015). In group B, number of PRBC given per event per day for bleeding complications during ECMO was mediastinal/thoracic bleed (83 events, 4.7 PRBC/event/day), gastrointestinal bleed (59 events, 4.8 PRBC/event/day), cannulation site bleed (88 events, 3.6 PRBC/event/day), and nasopharyngeal bleed (103 events, 2.8 PRBC/event/day). Thirty-day hospital mortality rate was co-related to transfusion requirement (area under ROC curve: 0.70). Conclusion: Patients without clinical bleeding still required transfusion, with higher rates observed with VA- than VV-ECMO. Transfusion requirements dramatically increased when patients developed various bleeding complications and had a significant impact on 30-day mortality rate.