bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Improving the Measurement of Alexithymia in Autistic Adults: A Psychometric Investigation and Refinement of the Twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Authors: Williams Zachary J , Gotham Katherine O. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background: Alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties interpreting one’s own emotional states, is commonly elevated in autistic adults, and a growing body of literature suggests that this trait underlies a number of cognitive and emotional differences previously attributed to autism, such as difficulties in facial emotion recognition and reduced empathy. Although questionnaires such as the twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) are frequently used to measure alexithymia in the autistic population, few studies have attempted to determine the psychometric properties of these questionnaires in autistic adults, including whether differential item functioning (I-DIF) exists between autistic and general population adults. Methods: We conducted an in-depth psychometric analysis of the TAS-20 in a large sample of 743 verbal autistic adults recruited from the Simons Foundation SPARK participant pool and 721 general population controls enrolled in a large international psychological study (the Human Penguin Project). The factor structure of the TAS-20 was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and item response theory was used to further refine the scale based on local model misfit and I-DIF between the groups. Correlations between alexithymia and other clinical outcomes such as autistic traits, anxiety, and quality-of-life were used to assess the nomological validity of the revised alexithymia scale in the SPARK sample. Results: The TAS-20 did not exhibit adequate global model fit in either the autistic or general population samples. Empirically driven item reduction was undertaken, resulting in an eight-item unidimensional scale (TAS-8) with sound psychometric properties and practically ignorable I-DIF between diagnostic groups. Correlational analyses indicated that TAS-8 scores meaningfully predict autistic trait levels, anxiety and depression symptoms, and quality of life, even after controlling for trait neuroticism. Limitations: Limitations of the current study include a sample of autistic adults that was overwhelmingly female, later-diagnosed, and well-educated; clinical and control groups drawn from different studies with variable measures; and an inability to test several other important psychometric characteristics of the TAS-8, including sensitivity to change and I-DIF across multiple administrations. Conclusions: These results indicate the potential of the TAS-8 as a psychometrically robust tool to measure alexithymia in both autistic and non-autistic adults. A free online score calculator has been created to facilitate the use of norm-referenced TAS-8 latent trait scores in research applications (available at http://asdmeasures.shinyapps.io/TAS8_Score).
Studies Towards the Synthesis of the Pyrido[1,2-a]azepine Alkaloids
Authors: Duc Dau Xuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
This study describes the synthesis of the pyrido[1,2-a]azepine alkaloids. The bicyclic compound
1 containing the A-B core ring structure was synthesized in 17 steps in 1.7% overall yield starting
from 4-pentyn-1-ol. The key steps involve an oxidation of 1,4 diol to lactone and an ene-yne ring closing
metathesis reaction.
Recent Advances on the Electric Vehicle Heat Pump Air Conditioning System
Authors: Peng Bin , Zhang Yubo , Zhang Pengcheng , Ullah Hanif 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Heat pump air conditioning technology has broad application prospects and high
market value in the field of electric automobiles owing to its increasing performance and energy saving. Pure
electric vehicles require high-energy consumption at low temperatures, which seriously affects the popularity of
electric vehicles with a heat pump air conditioning system.

Objective:
The aim of this research is to describe the recent developments in the study of the heat pump
air conditioning system for electric vehicles.

Methods:
This paper summarizes the research work of scholars published worldwide based on the electric
vehicle heat pump air conditioning system, premised on lately published patents and journal articles.
Starting from the components of the air conditioning system, focusing on the research results and development
trends that have been achieved in this field.

Results:
The new technology path and pattern of the electrical vehicle heat pump air conditioning system
provide methods and suggestions for future growth, put forward by the current development situation.

Conclusion:
The latest progress of the electric vehicle heat pump air conditioning system has been summarized
and prospected. There are still some problems and technical bottlenecks in heat pump air conditioning
system. It is of great significance to improve the environmental adaptability of electric vehicles
and optimize the reasonable heat pump air conditioning system for the endurance of electric vehicles.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predict the Performance of Refrigerator and Air Conditioning Using Gaussian Process Regression and Support Vector Methods
Authors: Sharma Harinarayan , Kumari Sonam , Dutt Aniket K. , Kumar Pawan , Makhatha Mamookho E. 
Published: January 2021

Aim:
Develop machine learning models for the performance of refrigerator and airconditioning system.

Background:
The Coefficient Of Performance (COP) of Refrigerator and Air-Conditioning (RAC) is a
complex function of evaporative temperature and concentration of nano-particle in lubricants. In recent
years, researchers focus on experimental study for improvement of COP. Further, few researchers
applied simulation techniques such as fuzzy system, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), simulated
annealing, etc. to the Vapour Compression Refrigeration (VCR) cycle. There is a scarcity of modeling
research work for the performance of RAC system.

Objective:
The study aims to develop the machine learning predictive models for the performance of
refrigerator and air-conditioning system using experimental data.

Methods:
The experiment was performed on VCR system to determine COP. Three different concentration of
lubricants (added 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5g nano-TiO2 particle on 1 liter of Polyolester (POE) oil) were used. The
experimentally calculated COP was used to train and test the machine learning models. Gaussian Process
Regression (GPR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) methods were applied to develop the models.

Results:
The experimental result reveals that the COP increases with increasing the concentration (of nano
particles) at a given temperature. The addition of 0.5 and 1.0g TiO2 in the POE oil shows better rate of
increment in the COP in comparison to addition of 1.5g TiO2 in the POE oil. Machine learning models using
GPR and SVR with RBF kernel function is the most appropriate machine learning model for the nonlinear
relationship between the output parameter (COP) and the input parameter (evaporative temperature and
concentration of TiO2).

Conclusion:
The present study was conducted to investigate the machine learning approaches for performance
of RAC system using experimental data sets. The experimental result shows that R134a and TiO2-POE nanolubricant work efficiently and the coefficient of performance of VCR system increases with concentration of
nano-particle. The developed model performance is compared using coefficient of correlation and RSME
values. After comparison, it is concluded that RBF based GPR model is the best fit machine learning model to
predict the COP in the context of any other model for this data set.
Microstructure Evolution of Yttria Compacts by Powder Technology
Authors: Santos Silas Cardoso , Junior Orlando Rodrigues , Campos Leticia 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Innovation in ceramic materials relies on processing of powders. Yttria also known as yttrium
oxide belongs to rare earths group, which usual form is RE2O3 (RE from La to Lu, including Sc and Y). Due to great end
use of RE based materials since agriculture until astronomy, the main economies such as United States of America and
European Union addressed REs as critical materials. The aim of this paper is to obtain dense compacts of yttria by powder
technology, in which the effect of sintering temperature on samples microstructure is evaluated.

Methods:
Yttria powders (Y2O3) were used as starting material, being characterized by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
(PCS); X-ray Diffraction (XRD); Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Powder compacts in cylindrical shape formed by
uniaxial compaction, followed by hydrostatic compaction were evaluated by means of apparent density. Sintered samples
under sintering temperatures from 1350 to 1550ºC were evaluated by SEM, XRD, apparent density, and true density.

Results:
Cubic C-type yttria powders exhibited mean particle size (d50) of 1.6μm, and morphology like acicular. Powder
compacts (diameter x height) of 9.57mm ± 0.01 x 1.53mm ± 0.01 presented mean apparent density of 53.69% (based on
free powder density). As sintered samples at 1550ºC, exhibited the most densification 65.0% related to green density and
91.0% related to theoretical density, respectively.

Conclusion :
Yttria cylindrical compacts with dense microstructure and symmetric dimensions were formed by powder
technology from powders with mean particle size of 6.51μm, by compaction methods (uniaxial and hydrostatic), followed
by sintering. The most densification of samples was achieved by the sintering condition of 1550ºC for 2h, providing samples
with theoretical density of 91%. These results provide useful subsidies to advance toward full densification of ytrria based
materials.
Mass-suspension Polymerization Process as an Efficient Tool to Produce Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Mota Mariaugusta F. , Araruna Thainá , Campelo Nathália M. , Rodrigues Meiry Gláucia F. , Ferreira Gabriella R. , Machado Fabricio 
Published: January 2021

Background:
This work presents the preparation and characterization of the polymeric
nanocomposites based on methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate (EA), and natural and modified
clays. The clays used to prepare the composite were natural green bentonite (GBC-N) and
organophilic clays modified with ammonium quaternary salts: Praepagen (GCB-P), Dodigen
(GCB-D) and Praepagen/Dodigen mixture 1:1 in weight (GCB-P/D).

Objective:
The experimental studies focused on the evaluation of the effect of clays (in nature and
chemically modified) on the final quality of the polymeric nanocomposites containing around 3
wt%. of clay nanocharges in association with MMA to produce poly(methyl methacrylate)/clays,
and MMA/EA to form poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate)/clays.

Methods:
The poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate)/-
clay materials were synthesized through mass-suspension polymerization process. The natural and
modified green bentonite clays were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared
spectroscopy (IR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to understand its effect on the basal spacing,
d001 (compared to the pure clay), as a result of cation exchange step, which also improved the thermal
efficiency of the final nanocomposites.

Results:
The proper incorporation of MMA and MMA/EA monomers between the layers of natural
and modified clays occurred through in situ mass-suspension polymerization, leading to a successful
exfoliation of clay layers during the growth of the polymer chains.

Conclusion:
The IR, SEM, TGA and DSC analyses confirmed the improvement in the thermal
property of the composites compared to polymers formed in the absence of clays. The experimental
results are very promising, indicating that the experimental protocol based on the in situ formation
of polymer nanocomposites by using sequential mass-suspension polymerization consisting of
an interesting tool.
Nommer les personnages perses dans le roman grec : les choix de Chariton, <i>Callirhoé</i>, et d’Héliodore, <i>les Éthiopiques</i>
Authors: Robiano Patrick 
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with the naming of Persian characters in two Greek novels, Chariton’s Callirhoe and Heliodorus’ Aithiopika. It is an attempt to consider how each novelist chooses Persian names. If Persian names are well-known, they give an impression of historical reality ; if they are new, they induce readers to look for their meaning. The part played by homonymy and intertextuality is pivotal. In Heliodorus, complexity is very great : Ethiopian characters have Persian names, as if Ethiopians were in fact Persians, that is to say descendants from the hero Perseus, who is also the ancestor of Persian people through his son Perses. It is significant that the queen of Ethiopia is called Persinna. Ethnic identities are therefore to be redefined.
GLIMPSE STUDY: IMPACT OF TRIPLE THERAPY ON LUNG FUNCTION, HEALTH STATUS, AND MORTALITY RISK IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: HEBA SALVA FATIMA , ALI SYED AAMIR , ALEEMUDDIN NAVEED MOHAMMED , MEHRIN SALWA , GULNAAZ MAARIA , FATIMA NAUSHEEN 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to estimate the relative impact of triple therapy on lung function, health status, and mortality risk compared with combination inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β-agonist (LABA) therapy in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with frequent exacerbations in an Indian clinical population.
Methodology: The GLIMPSE (Lung Function, Health Status, and Mortality Risk Assessment in COPD using Triple Therapy) was as a prospective, parallel design, single-center observational study comparing 24 weeks of triple therapy (twice-daily combination of budesonide [BUD]-formoterol [FOR] [100/6 μg] and once-daily tiotropium [TIO] [9 μg]) with ICS/LABA (twice daily BUD-FOR [100/6 μg]). The primary outcome was the mean change in forced expiratory volume in the 1st s (FEV1%) predicted and COPD assessment test total score from baseline at week 24. Secondary outcomes were variation in dyspnea grade and BODE total score from baseline.
Results: At week 24 in triple therapy (n=70) and ICS/LABA therapy (n=70), mean difference from baseline in FEV1% predicted were 5.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–9.50) and 1.90 (95% CI: –1.87–5.68) respectively, and mean difference in CAT total score from baseline was –5.10 units (95% CI: –3.49–−6.71) and –1.80 units (95% CI: –0.052–−3.548), respectively. In addition, there was a statistically significant reduction in dyspnea grading and BODE score with comparable adverse events in both groups.
Conclusion: Overall, the results favored triple therapy over dual therapy in advanced symptomatic COPD patients.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BUCCOADHESIVE TABLETS OF BUSPIRONE HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Authors: RAVAL JIGNYASA , YAGNIK ANKITA 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to prepare and evaluate buccal-adhesive tablets of buspirone hydrochloric acid (HCl) that avoids gastric degradation and first-pass metabolism, thereby increasing the drug bioavailability and onset of action. Buspirone HCl belongs to a class anxiolytic agent and a serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds.
Methods: In the present work, different ratios of Gantrez MS 955 along with Carbopol 934 were studied to give bioadhesive strength. A 32 full factorial design was applied to investigate the combined effect of Gantrez MS 955 concentration (X1) and Carbopol 934 concentration (X2).
Results: Results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that the independent variables significantly affected the dependent variables (bioadhesive strength [Y1], Q2 [Y2], Q3 [Y3], Q4 [Y4]). On the basis of multiple linear regression analysis and contour plot evaluation, it was found that the combination of two polymers possessed excellent mucoadhesive properties allowing ease of application and removal of the tablets from the buccal mucosa.
Conclusion: The formulation batch A9 fulfilled all the criteria set from the desirability search. From the in vitro diffusion study, flux was calculated for the optimized batch. A study of the effect of tablet diameter and the environmental factors on the bioadhesion of the tablet was done. To study the environmental factor on bioadhesion, prehydration time and contact time were considered. Results found that increase in prehydration time decrease in bioadhesive strength and increase in contact time increased bioadhesive strength. Thus, a stable buccoadhesive formulation optimized for formulation ingredients and process parameters was prepared successfully.
THERAPEUTIC INDICES OF SOME ANTIFUNGAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: J. NIDIRY EUGENE SEBASTIAN 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic indices (TIs) some antifungal organic compounds and to compare their safety.
Methods: TIs of 55 organic compounds were evaluated by dividing their mammalian toxicity values given as median lethal doses ([mg/kg] rat, oral) collected from literature by experimentally determined fungitoxicity values evaluated as median effective concentration (EC50 [mg/L]) for the mycelial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on potato dextrose agar medium.
Results: Large variations in TIs are observed in different classes of compounds, namely, alcohols, carboxylic acids, phenols, esters, and aldehydes. The relationship between carbon chain length of saturated monohydric alcohols and mammalian toxicity shows that toxicity increases from chain length 1 to 5, declines from 5 to 6, increases from 6 to 7, and steadily declines from 7 to 10. Thus, the relationship is by and large parabolic. The relationship between carbon chain length and molar antifungal activity is also parabolic. In spite of this, large differences are found in TIs making 1-decanol (TI=42.1) a very safe antifungal compound and 1-pentanol (TI=0.17) a hazardous antifungal compound. This is because mammalian toxicity reaches a maximum around carbon chain length of 5, while in the case of antifungal activity, it reaches a maximum around carbon chain length of 10.
Conclusions: Among the 55 compounds, whose TIs were evaluated, some compounds with high TIs (>10) which can be considered safe as antifungal compounds are citronellol, geraniol, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, phenyl acetaldehyde, methyl anthranilate, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, and propionic acid. Some compounds with low TIs (<0.50) which can be considered hazardous as antifungal compounds are resorcinol, hydroquinone, oxalic acid, and acetyl acetone.
COMPARISON OF VASOPRESSIN AND PHENYLEPHRINE IN TREATMENT OF DOPAMINE RESISTANT SEPTIC SHOCK – A RANDOMISED CONTROL TRIAL
Authors: PATRO MADHUSMITA , MODA NUPUR , DAS SUSHREE , BISWAL PRERNA 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Septic shock is associated with refractory hypotension and organ dysfunction and remains an important cause of mortality in intensive care units (ICUs). Vasopressors are the first-line treatment. The present study aims to compare vasopressin and phenylephrine in the management of dopamine-resistant septic shock in the ICU setting.
Methods: The study is a prospective, open-labeled, and randomized study comparing the effects of vasopressin (Group I) and phenylephrine (Group II) in the management of dopamine resistant septic shock in intensive care set up. The parameters recorded from 0 to 6 h after persistent hypotension despite maximum dose of dopamine were: Heart rate (HR) (beats/min), systemic blood pressure (mmHg), cardiac output (L/min), cardiac index (CI) (L/min/m2), stroke volume (ml), systemic vascular resistance index (dynes/cm5/m2), oxygen delivery index (IDO) (ml O2/min/m2), urine output (ml), and serum lactate (mg/dl).
Results: There was a significant difference in HR, systolic blood pressure, cardiac output, and CI in both groups from 1 h to 6 h. The IDO had a significant rise in Group II. The serum lactate level also decreased in Group II at 6 h.
Conclusion: From our study, we concluded that as organ perfusion and oxygenation are more important for the treatment of septic shock and to keep the vital organs functioning rather than to increase the systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure, phenylephrine showed a better result than vasopressin in the treatment of septic shock.
ISOLATION OF POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL METABOLITE FROM ENDOPHYTIC BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS DL06 OF CARNIVOROUS PLANT DROSERA BURMANNII VAHL.
Authors: CHAUDHURI MADHUBANTI , AK PAUL , PAL ARUNDHATI 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Exploitation of bacterial endophytes for production of antimicrobial substances has led to the discovery of novel natural metabolites of diverse chemical nature. The present study focuses attention toward optimization of cultural conditions for production of antimicrobial compound(s) by an endophytic bacterium DL06 followed by its extraction and partial purification.
Methods: The leaf endophytic bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DL06 (GenBank Accession no. MK696415, Microbial Culture Collection Accession no. 4186) isolated from carnivorous plant Drosera burmannii has been identified as a potent producer of antimicrobial metabolite following agar cup assay against several test bacterial and fungal strains. Cultural conditions for production of antimicrobials were optimized by “one variable at a time” method. The active fraction was isolated and purified partially using solvent extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.
Results: B. amyloliquefaciens DL06 produced maximum antimicrobial compound in tryptic soy broth and Davis–Mingioli’s medium when grown under shake culture. Production of the antimicrobial metabolite has been optimized for the inoculum density, aeration, temperature, pH as well as carbon, and nitrogen sources. The antimicrobial metabolite was extracted from the cell-free culture filtrate in butanol and partially purified by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC.
Conclusions: The antimicrobial metabolite, tentatively identified as quercetin showed broad spectrum bioactivity affecting several fungi and a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.