bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunometabolism: An Emerging Target for Immunotherapies to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mangal Joslyn L. , Basu Neha , Wu Hsin-Jung Joyce , Acharya Abhinav P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An increasing number of findings highlight the fundamental role of metabolism in autoimmunity. This growing recognition of metabolic irregularities being a factor of immune dysregulation in autoimmunity has provided novel therapeutic opportunities. Although there have been advancements in the field of immunometabolism, it is important to note that strategies to engineer the immune system can also be utilized to modulate immunometabolism of specific immune cells that are involved in autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, we review the metabolic heterogeneity within RA, and discuss the potential therapies based on immunometabolism and immunoengineering concepts that may reinstate immune tolerance by targeting the metabolic irregularity within specific immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of RA.
Improvement Of School Image And Student Parents' Interest To Choose A School Influenced By Product Strategies, Promotions And Prices In Sd Muhammadiyah 5 Porong
Authors: Sulchan Kusnaini , Rizal Hadiah Fitriyah 
Published: October 2021

The research objectives of this thesis are to find out and analyze products, promotions and prices that affect the school's image, parents' interest in choosing schools and to find out and analyze school image as a mediator variable capable of influencing the relationship between product, promotion, price and parents' interest in choosing schools at SD Muhammadiyah 5 Porong.
This research belongs to the type of quantitative research and uses descriptive statistical analysis. Researching on a particular population or sample. Data collection using a limited questionnaire method. Respondents were the guardians of the students of SD Muhammadiyah 5 Porong as many as 125 people. Validity test analysis. To test the validity and reliability of the data, the researcher used the W-Start program.
Hypothesis test analysis. Analysis of the relationship between variables will be carried out by path analysis assisted by the SPSS version 21 windows program.
The results of the SPSS program analysis show that the influence of Product, Promotion, and Price Factors together in creating School Image is 65%. Meanwhile, the other 35% are influenced by other factors.
Union Busting Dalam Hukum Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia
Authors: Adawiyah Robi'atul , Multazam M.Tanzil , Phahlevi Rifqi Ridlo 
Published: October 2021

Labor is a profession that many people have, we often encounter cases in the workspace namely union busting or through dismissal tactics or transfer of workplaces to workers who are active in association, which begins with discrimination. This study aims to explore and analyze the labor law in handling union busting cases, using the normative method namely through the approach of legislation and conduct analysis by looking at ILO conventions. Based on this analysis it can be concluded, that in the labor law there are loopholes that make employers stiil often discriminate, with several real events in Indonesia and other countries.
General principles of uncomplicated cystitis therapy during pregnancy
Authors: Tyutyunnik V. L. , Kan N. E. , Khachatryan L. V. 
Published: October 2021

Urinary tract infections during pregnancy are associated with severe complications. Earlier initiation of antibiotic treatment for acute uncomplicated cystitis, reduces the various complications.Objective. To assess the effectiveness of fosfomycin in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis during II and III trimester of pregnancy.Material and methods. The study included 74 pregnant women who had acute uncomplicated cystitis in II or III trimesters. All patients received fosfomycin trometamol 3.754 g (equivalent to 3 g fosfomycin) as antimicrobial therapy for acute uncomplicated cystitis. The drug was prescribed to 24 pregnant women in the II, and 50 in the III trimester of pregnancy.Results. After treatment with fosfomycin signs of acute cystitis gone in all patients. At the same time, regression of clinical symptoms was noted during the next days after therapy in 95.9% (n = 71) of cases. Repeated microbiological test of the middle portion of urine was performed 7 days after the end of antibiotic therapy. In 94.6% (n = 70) cases, total elimination of the pathogen was achieved. In 5.4% (n = 4) cases, there was a significant decrease of colonization Follow-up for three months showed the absence of recurrence of acute cystitis in all pregnant women who were included in the study.Conclusion. Fosfomycin is a highly effective drug in the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis during pregnancy.
Iodine deficiency in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region: current state of the problem
Authors: Kurmacheva N. A. , Svinarev M. Yu. , Chernenkov Yu. V. , Panina O. S. , Yakovleva K. V. , Anisimova S. V. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Iodine deficiency remains an urgent challenge for the Russian Federation. Pregnant women should receive prophylactic potassium iodide supplements at a dose of 200–250 mcg per day. To monitor the severity of iodine deficiency in the regions and the efficacy of prenatal iodine prophylaxis, it is prudent to use the neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia rate for newborns (thyroidstimulating hormone level is higher than 5 μIU/L) based on the results of congenital hypothyroidism screening.Objective. To assess the changes in the severity of iodine deficiency and the efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region based on the incidence of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia over the past 25 years.Materials and methods. The incidence of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia in newborns in the Saratov region for the period of 1996–2000 and 2015–2020 was analysed. In total, 229,625 children were examined.Results and discussion. In 1996–2000, neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia was detected in 37.4% of newborns, which was evidence of the presence of moderate iodine deficiency in the region. In 2015–2020, the incidence of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia decreased by 5.42 times to 6.9% (p < 0.0001) against the background of group iodine prophylaxis in pregnant women, but remained higher than the World Health Organization targets for iodine-rich regions (<3%) suggesting the preservation of mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region.Conclusions. Despite the obligatory doctor’s prescription of prenatal group iodine prophylaxis, there is still iodine insufficiency in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region, which requires further improvement of the regional iodine deficiency eradication action system in the risk groups. However, significant advances in the fight against iodine deficiency in the nutrition of the Russian population can only be achieved after the adoption of the federal law on universal salt iodization.
An innovative approach to the treatment of high-risk HPV patients using allokin-alpha
Authors: Anokhova L. I. , Belokrinitskaya T. Ye. , Belozertseva E. P. , Maslova T. M. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. In the research literature, there have been recorded instances of imbalance of interleukins and tumour necrosis factors in the cervix tissues, endocervical mucus, suggestive of the potential feasibility of the use of immunomodulatory therapy.Purpose of the study. To assess the effectiveness of the use of the domestic drug allokin-alpha in the treatment of high-risk HPV infection (HPV) in patients of reproductive age, without elimination of the virus within more than 6–12 months and planning pregnancy.Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients of reproductive age with chronic HPV carriage – BP infection. They are represented in the study by two groups: 1st: 30 people in whose therapy allokin-alpha was not used (control group); and 30 patients without HPV BPV elimination in terms of more than 6–12 months, planning pregnancy and taking the domestic cytokiton-like immunomodulator allokin-alpha.Results. Spontaneous pregnancy occurred in 2/30 (6.7%) in the group without immunomodulator and in 9/30 patients in the group with allokin-alpha (30%) cases (c² = 5.45; p = 0.02; OR = 6.0 [1.17–30.72])Conclusion. The sustained virological response that we have achieved indicates the advisability of the use of allokin-alpha, a domestic immunomodulator of natural origin, in patients with high-risk chronic HPV infection and reproductive planning.
The role of the microbiome and transcriptome in the development and progression of CIN
Authors: Peremykina A. V. , Andreyev A. O. , Bayramova G. B. , Priputnevich T. V. , Mikhanoshina N. V. , Dobrovolskaya D. A. 
Published: October 2021

The article presents a systematic review of the results of modern clinical studies devoted to the problem of the microbiome and transcriptome in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Moderate to severe CIN (CIN II – III) can precede the development of cervical cancer (CC) by several years or even decades. Cervical cancer (CC) is an important global health problem. There is a year-on-year increase in the prevalence of CC. Currently, there are many known risk factors that contribute to the development of CIN and cervical cancer. However, the vaginal and cervical microbiome play an important role in the development and progression of CIN and CC, according to some authors. Thus, the timely detection and treatment of cervical intraepithelial lesion-associated genital infections is now especially important. From these point of view, bacterial vaginosis (BV) is considered an acute problem in gynecological practice, which affects the incidence of precancerous conditions of the cervix. The results of the studies have shown the importance of detailed analysis of the vaginal microbial community, which was performed by the method of next generation sequencing (NGS). These studies were conducted using the NGS method based on the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, which has a high diagnostic accuracy and allows to determine the verity of the microbial landscape. The study of the transcriptome in women with CIN showed a change in many microRNA molecules, which can become markers of the CIN and cervical cancer upon further study. The introduction of the NGS method into the laboratory diagnostics complex will improve the diagnosis and timely prevent the progression of CIN to cervical cancer.The study of the microbiome of the vaginal biotope and cervical canal will allow to identify the groups of patients at high risk for the progression of precancerous lesions of the cervix and cervical cancer. Transcriptome studies have shown changes in many microRNA molecules (SALL4, FOXO1, HBD-1, HBD-2, HBD-3, LL37, psoriasin and IL-8, etc.) in women with CIN and cervical cancer.
The choice of the X-ray endovascular method for the treatment of uterine fibroids and the possibility of prolonging the remission of the disease
Authors: Markarov A. E. , Apresyan S. V. , Dimitrova V. I. , Papoyan S. A. , Gromov D. G. , Slyusareva O. A. , Melkikyan A. M. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. In the cohort prospective comparative study, the investigators examined the effectiveness of intraoperative administration of Antiadgesin and adjuvant therapy with Gynestril after laparoscopic-assisted myomectomy combined with temporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries and embolization of uterine arteries in the treatment of uterine fibroids.Objective. To achieve stable remission of the disease, improve reproductive outcomes after myomectomy.Materials and methods. 100 women who underwent organ-preserving treatment of uterine fibroids from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020 were enrolled in the study. The eligibility criteria were as follows: the age of 28–45 years (the mean age was 34 ± 4.5 years), organ-preserving treatment of uterine fibroids. The exclusion criteria from the study were as follows: the age of over 45 years; allergic reactions to mifepristone, Antiadgesin and contrast media; patients with contraindications for use of drugs, with aggravated medical history, with liver diseases, with endometrial hyperplastic processes (adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia).Conclusions. It has been shown that the continuous use of Gynestril at a dose of 50 mg/day for 3 months after surgical treatment due to proliferating uterine fibroids led to the absence of disease-recurrences within two years after discontinuation of the drug, and the occurrence of a relapse in one patient three years after treatment. The use of Gynestril after embolization of the uterine arteries made it possible to statistically reduce the size of the node by 25% within 12 months, 50% after 24 months and 70% – after 36 months. (p <0.05). Intraoperative use of Antiadgesin made it possible to prevent adhesion and development of tubalperitoneal infertility.Conclusion. The combination treatment of uterine fibroids, including myomectomy and drug therapy with Antiadgesin and Gynestril, made it possible to implement reproductive function in 73.3% of patients, moreover, 40% of patients had undergone a natural delivery
EMPEROR-Preserved: SGLT2 inhibitors breakthrough in the management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Wagdy Kerolos , Nagy Sherif 
Published: October 2021

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex disease which accounts for more than half of all HF hospital admissions with high prevalence and lack of effective evidence-based management. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is a new antidiabetic drug that recently gained a new role in the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction but its role in HFpEF had yet to be studied.Study and results: EMPEROR-Preserved trial set out to evaluate the effects of SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin on major heart failure outcomes in patients with HFpEF. The patients were randomized in a 1:1 fashion into two groups; to receive either empagliflozin 10 mg per day (n = 2,997) or placebo (n = 2,991) in addition to usual therapy. Empagliflozin led to a 21% risk reduction of the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, which was mainly related to a 29% lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure rather than effect on cardiovascular death empagliflozin. The effects SGLT2 inhibitors were consistent in all patients.
Wastewater flow forecasting model based on the nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) neural network
Authors: El Ghazouli Khalid , El Khattabi Jamal , Shahrour Isam , Soulhi Aziz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Wastewater flow forecasts are key components in the short- and long-term management of sewer systems. Forecasting flows in sewer networks constitutes a considerable uncertainty for operators due to the nonlinear relationship between causal variables and wastewater flows. This work aimed to fill the gaps in the wastewater flow forecasting research by proposing a novel wastewater flow forecasting model (WWFFM) based on the nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs neural network, real-time, and forecasted water consumption with an application to the sewer system of Casablanca in Morocco. Furthermore, this research compared the two approaches of the forecasting model. The first approach consists of forecasting wastewater flows on the basis of real-time water consumption and infiltration flows, and the second approach considers the same input in addition to water distribution flow forecasts. The results indicate that both approaches show accurate and similar performances in predicting wastewater flows, while the forecasting horizon does not exceed the watershed lag time. For prediction horizons that exceed the lag time value, the WWFFM with water distribution forecasts provided more reliable forecasts for long-time horizons. The proposed WWFFM could benefit operators by providing valuable input data for predictive models to enhance sewer system efficiency.
Combined compact anaerobic reactors and lamella settlers for decentralized sewage treatment
Authors: Lisboa Adriane Dias da Silva , Silva Lucas Achaval , Ginoris Yovanka Pérez , de Souza Marco Antonio Almeida 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work presents a compact plant's development and performance evaluation for the decentralized treatment of domestic sewage. The plant was conceived and installed in a house with four residents in Vicente Pires, Federal District, Brazil. Its purpose was to remove organic matter and solids using a low-cost biological treatment process that was simple to operate. The plant was essentially anaerobic, composed of an up-flow anaerobic reactor and an anaerobic filter, both associated with lamella settlers. It was operated under real conditions and monitored for nineteen months, with removal efficiencies (calculated over the medians) of 81% for COD, 83% for BOD, 51% for Total Solids, 55% for Total Volatile Solids, 87% for Total Suspended Solids, and 100% for Settleable Solids. The plant performed adequately, with no clogging between the plates of the lamella settlers, no offensive odours, and limited amounts of sludge and scum.
A techno-economic analysis of membrane-based advanced treatment processes for the reuse of municipal wastewater
Authors: Kehrein Philipp , Jafari Morez , Slagt Marc , Cornelissen Emile , Osseweijer Patricia , Posada John , van Loosdrecht Mark 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to compare, under Dutch market conditions, the energy consumption and net costs of membrane-based advanced treatment processes for three water reuse types (i.e. potable, industrial, agricultural reuse). The water source is municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent. Results indicate that the application of reverse osmosis is needed to reclaim high quality water for industrial and potable reuse but not for irrigation water which offers significant energy savings but may not lead automatically to lower net costs. While a reclamation process for industrial reuse is economically most promising, irrigation water reclamation processes are not cost effective due to low water prices. Moreover, process operational expenditures may exceed capital expenditures which is important for tender procedures. A significant cost factor is waste management that may exceed energy costs. Water recovery rates could be significantly enhanced through the integration of a softener/biostabilizer unit prior to reverse osmosis. Moreover, the energy consumption of wastewater reclamation processes could be supplied on-site with solar energy. The possibility of designing a ‘fit for multi-purpose’ reclamation process is discussed briefly. This comparative analysis allows for better informed decision making about which reuse type is preferably targeted in a municipal wastewater reuse project from a process design perspective.
Characteristics of adsorption kinetics and isotherms of Cu(II) by sediment under different hydrodynamic of the Ganjiang river, China
Authors: Shi Xianluo , Zhang Wei , Li Baotong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Discharges from industrial and agricultural processes into water bodies can result in the accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu(II) in the sediment via various physical and chemical interactions. While there are many studies of the adsorption of heavy metals by sediment, few have considered the effects of hydrodynamic conditions. Here, the adsorption of Cu(II) by sediments under different hydrodynamic conditions was studied using a particle entrainment simulator. The sediment samples were obtained from the Poyang Lake basin in China. Models describing pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetics and the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubin Radushkevich adsorption isotherms were used to evaluate the adsorption of Cu(II) by the sediments under different hydrodynamic conditions. The results showed that adsorption equilibrium for Cu(II) by the sediment was attained within 4 hours and increased with increasing shear stress; the kinetics were consistent with pseudo-second-order and Elovich models, indicating that chemical processes were involved in adsorption; the adsorption isotherms could be described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Changes in the sediment shear stress had little effect on the maximum adsorption capacity and values ranged from 0.9425 to 1.0634 mg/g. The results indicated that the adsorption sites for Cu(II) in soil were heterogeneous.
A new insight into the restriction of Cr(VI) removal performance of activated carbon under neutral pH condition
Authors: Fang Yi , Yang Ke , Zhang Yipeng , Peng Changsheng , Robledo-Cabrera Aurora , López-Valdivieso Alejandro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Activated carbon has been widely used to remove hazardous Cr(VI); however, the impact of Cr2O3 precipitate on gradually declining removal ability as pH increases has received little attention. Herein, to investigate the effect of Cr2O3, SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analysis) coupling elements mapping of chromium-loaded powdered activated carbon (PAC) revealed that a chromium layer was formed on the PAC exterior after being treated with Cr(VI) at pH 7. XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) study confirmed that 69.93% and 39.91% Cr2O3 precipitated on the PAC surface at pH 7 and pH 3, respectively, corresponding to 17.77 mg/g and 20 mg/g removal capacity. Exhausted PAC had a removal efficiency of 92.43% after Cr2O3 being washed by H2SO4 solution, which was much higher than the removal efficiency of 51.27 % after NaOH washing. This further verified that the intrinsically developed Cr2O3 precipitate on PAC under neutral conditions limited the durability of PAC as an adsorbent. Consecutive elution assessments confirmed that adsorption and reduction ability both declined as pH increased. Raman spectroscopy and C 1s spectra of materials demonstrated two distinct Cr(VI) removal mechanisms under pH 3 and pH 7. In conclusion, the exhausted AC after Cr(VI) adsorption can be rejuvenated after the surface coated Cr2O3 is washed by the acid solution, which can expand the longevity of AC and recover Cr(III).