bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An examination of teenagers’ beliefs toward organ donor registration
Authors: Reynolds‐Tylus Tobias , Quick Brian L. , Bigman Cabral A. , Williamson Lillie D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTeenagers represent a promising target population for organ donor registration efforts, as in the US teenagers age 15–17 may register their intent for organ donation, which later translates to consent at age 18. However, teenagers constitute a relatively understudied population in the organ donation literature. A sample of teenagers (N = 466) ranging in age from 13 to 19 was recruited from driver's education schools in Ohio and Michigan in order to learn more about their perceived reasons for and against registering as an organ donor. A coding scheme was developed, and responses were coded by two trained coders. In line with previous work in adult samples, our results revealed the three most common reasons for registering were prosocial benefits, rational arguments, and personal experience. In contrast to previous work among adults, the two most common reasons for not registering were bodily integrity and religious reasons. Several novel beliefs among teenagers that were both supportive and non‐supportive of organ donor registration were identified. Findings from the current study are discussed with an emphasis on implications for practitioners working to promote organ donor registration among teenage audiences.
Maize straw and its biochar affect phosphorus distribution in soil aggregates and are beneficial for improving phosphorus availability along the soil profile
Authors: Cao Dianyun , Lan Yu , Sun Qiang , Yang Xu , Chen Wenfu , Meng Jun , Wang Di , Li Na 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReturn of crop straw and its biochar to the agricultural field decreases pressure on phosphorus (P) resources and reduces leaching and P runoff. We conducted a 5‐year field trial from 2013 to 2017 to study the capability of maize straw and its biochar to retain soil P, which was quantified by investigating the distribution of P fractions in the soil profile (0–100 cm) and soil aggregates of different grain sizes. The impact of soil treatments with nitrogen‐phosphorus‐potassium (NPK) fertiliser alone or combined with biochar or maize straw were examined. We found that maize straw and its biochar increased soil aggregate stability, which showed an increase in mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, and aggregates with diameter > 250 μm. Maize straw and its biochar promoted both inorganic (dicalcium phosphate dehydrate [Ca2‐P], octocalcium phosphate [Ca8‐P], aluminium phosphate [Al‐P], iron phosphate [Fe‐P], hydroxyapatite [Ca10‐P], and occluded phosphate [O‐P]) and organic (labile organic phosphorus, LOP, and moderately labile organic phosphorus, MLOP) P accumulation and stabilization in soil aggregates, especially in small macroaggregates of 250–2000 μm. Total phosphorus (TP), Ca8‐P, Fe‐P, LOP, MLOP, moderately resistant organic phosphorus (MROP) and highly resistant organic phosphorus (HROP) were enhanced by maize straw and its biochar, whereas Ca2‐P and O‐P were decreased in the 0–20‐cm topsoil. We measured decreased TP, Fe‐P, O‐P and Ca10‐P in the 40–100‐cm soil layer following maize straw and biochar deposition, whereas higher Ca2‐P, Al‐P, MROP and HROP were obtained in maize straw‐supplemented soil relative to NPK fertiliser treatment in the 20–100‐cm soil layer. Thus, maize straw and its biochar can be used to effectively improve soil structure to support P retention and biochar has the potential to reduce P leaching from the soil profile.Highlights
Maize straw and its biochar effectively improved soil structure to support P retention
Inorganic and organic P fractions mainly accumulated in the small macroaggregate fraction
Biochar has the potential to reduce P leaching in the soil profile
Impacts of invasive plants on animal behaviour
Authors: Stewart Peter S. , Hill Russell A. , Stephens Philip A. , Whittingham Mark J. , Dawson Wayne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe spread of invasive species is a threat to ecosystems worldwide. However, we know relatively little about how invasive species affect the behaviour of native animals, even though behaviour plays a vital role in the biotic interactions which are key to understanding the causes and impacts of biological invasions. Here, we explore how invasive plants – one of the most pervasive invasive taxa – impact the behaviour of native animals. To promote a mechanistic understanding of these behavioural impacts, we begin by introducing a mechanistic framework which explicitly considers the drivers and ecological consequences of behavioural change, as well as the moderating role of environmental context. We then synthesise the existing literature within this framework. We find that while some behavioural impacts of invasive plants are relatively well‐covered in the literature, others are supported by only a handful of studies and should be explored further in the future. We conclude by identifying priority topics for future research, which will benefit from an interdisciplinary approach uniting invasion ecology with the study of animal behaviour and cognition.
Cross‐sectional area reference values for peripheral nerve ultrasound in adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis—Part I: Upper extremity nerves
Authors: Fisse Anna Lena , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Gold Ralf , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Krogias Christos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMeasurement of the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of peripheral nerves using ultrasound is useful in the evaluation of focal lesions like entrapment syndromes and inflammatory polyneuropathies. Here, a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published CSA reference values for upper extremity nerves was performed.MethodsAvailable to date nerve ultrasound studies on healthy adults were included and a meta‐analysis for CSA was provided of the following nerves: median nerve at the wrist, forearm, upper arm; ulnar nerve at the Guyon's canal, forearm, elbow, upper arm; radial nerve at the upper arm. Regression and correlation analyses for age, gender, height, weight, geographic continents and publication year are reported.ResultsSeventy‐four studies with 4186 healthy volunteers (mean age 42.7 years) and 18,226 examined nerve sites were included. The calculated mean pooled CSA of the median nerve at the wrist was 8.3 mm2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7.9–8.7, n = 4071), at the forearm 6.4 mm2 (95% CI 5.9–6.9, n = 3021), at the upper arm 8.3 mm2 (95% CI 7.5–9.0, n = 1388), of the ulnar nerve at the Guyon's canal 4.1 mm2 (95% CI 3.6–4.6, n = 1688), at the forearm 5.2 mm2 (95% CI 4.8–5.7, n = 1983), at the elbow 5.9 mm2 (95% CI 5.4–6.5, n = 2551), at the upper arm 6.6 mm2 (95% CI 5.1–6.1, n = 1737) and of the radial nerve 5.1 mm2 (95% CI 4.0–6.2, n = 1787). Substantial heterogeneity across studies (I2 > 50%) was found only for the radial nerve. Subgroup analysis revealed a positive effect of age for the median nerve at the wrist and for height and weight for different sites of the ulnar nerve.ConclusionThe first meta‐analysis on CSA reference values for the upper extremities with no or only low heterogeneity of reported CSA values in most nerve sites is provided. Our data facilitate the goal of an international standardized evaluation protocol.
Mohs micrographic surgery in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Rate and risk factors for recurrence in a prospective cohort study from the Spanish Registry of Mohs Surgery (REGESMOHS) and review of the literature
Authors: Nieto‐Benito Lula María , Ciudad‐Blanco Cristina , Sanmartin‐Jimenez Onofre , Garces Joan R. , Rodríguez‐Prieto Manuel A. , Vilarrasa Eva , de Eusebio‐Murillo Esther , Miñano‐Medrano Román , Escutia‐Muñoz Begoña , Gonzalez‐Sixto Beatriz , Artola‐Igarza Juan L. , Alfaro Rubio Alberto , Redondo Pedro , Delgado‐Jiménez Yolanda , Sánchez‐Schmidt Julia M. , Allende‐Markixana Irati , Alonso‐Pacheco María L. , García‐Bracamonte Beatriz , de la Cueva Dobao Pablo , Navarro‐Tejedor Raquel , Suarez‐Fernández Ricardo , Carnero‐González Lucia , Vázquez‐Veiga Hugo , Barchino‐Ortiz Lucia , Ruiz‐Salas Verónica , Sánchez‐Sambucety Pedro , López‐Estebaranz José L. , Botella‐Estrada Rafael , Feal‐Cortizas Carlos , Martorell Calatayud Antonio , Gil Pilar , Morales‐Gordillo Victoriano , Toll‐Abelló Agustí , Ocerin‐Guerra Izascun , Mayor‐Arenal Matías , Garcia‐Donoso Carmen , Cano‐Martinez Natividad , Sainz‐Gaspar Laura , Descalzo Miguel A. , Garcia‐Doval Ignacio ,   REGESMOHS (Registro Español de Cirugía de Mohs)
Published: February 2021

AbstractCharacterization of patients, surgery procedures and the risk factors for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) recurrences is poorly defined. In this study, we aimed to describe the demographics, tumor characteristics and interventions of DFSP treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MSS) to determine the rate and risk factors for recurrence. Data were collected from REGESMOHS, a nationwide prospective cohort study of patients treated with MMS in Spain. From July 2013 to February 2020, 163 patients with DFSP who underwent MMS were included. DFSP was mostly located on trunk and extremities. Recurrent tumors had deeper tumor invasion and required higher number of MMS stages. Paraffin MMS was the most frequently used technique. Overall recurrence rate was 0.97 cases/100 person‐years (95% IC = 0.36–2.57). No differences were found in epidemiological, tumor, surgery characteristics or surgical technique (frozen or paraffin MMS [p = 0.6641]) in terms of recurrence. Median follow‐up time was 28.6 months with 414 patient‐years of follow‐up. In conclusion, we found an overall low recurrence rate of DFSP treated with MMS. None of the studied risk factors, including MMS techniques, was associated with higher risk for recurrence.
Genetic data support local persistence in multiple glacial refugia in the montane net‐winged midge Liponeura cinerascens cinerascens (diptera, blephariceridae)
Authors: Schröder Oskar , Cavanaugh Kirstin K. , Schneider Julio V. , Schell Tilman , Bonada Núria , Seifert Linda , Pauls Steffen U. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

The Pleistocene glaciations shaped the distribution and population structure of most European species. Some species survived the glacial cycles by shifting their range to Mediterranean refuges, while others endured in central European habitats. It has been argued that certain cold‐tolerant aquatic insect populations were able to persist in non‐freezing rivers close to glaciers. We aimed to identify the Pleistocene biogeographic history of a net‐winged midge (Blephariceridae), a relatively unknown group of Dipteran montane habitat specialists, by inference from its current population genetic structure.

We sampled five mountain ranges covering the extent of the species range. We genotyped a novel set of 11 microsatellites and sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome‐c‐oxidase subunit I region to detect genetic structure within and among five European mountain ranges in the net‐winged midge Liponeura cinerascens cinerascens.

Liponeura cinerascens cinerascens shows distinct genetic differentiation between different mountain ranges, coupled, however, with near panmictic gene flow across distances exceeding 100 km within each studied mountain range. Distinct mitochondrial cytochrome‐c‐oxidase subunit I lineages with endemic haplotypes, microsatellite population genetic structure and high levels of regionally private alleles provide evidence that mountain range populations have been evolving independently from each other for a significant number of generations.

Liponeura cinerascens cinerascens is able to maintain gene flow between watercourses in highly structured mountain ranges. Lowland regions, however, pose significant dispersal barriers, possibly because high‐gradient stretches with boulders are rare in such landscapes. We posit that each of the studied mountain regions represents an independent Pleistocene glacial refuge, and that L. c. cinerascens was able to persist glacial cycles in extra‐Mediterranean periglacial refugia in the Jura Mountains, Bavarian Forest, and Carpathians.
Development of the Houston–Apollo model for older people living in remote areas in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Kai‐Chieh , Hung Shou‐Hung , Hsueh Sung‐Ju , Chao Shiau‐Fang , Huang Wei‐Lieh , Chen Hsin‐Shui , Jeng Yachung , Chen Hsiu‐Hsi , Hwang Juey‐Jen , Liou Horng‐Huei 
Published: February 2021

AimSenior healthcare is challenging in remote areas, particularly in an economically disadvantaged population. This study examined the benefits of a combined healthcare system (Houston–Apollo model) in improvements of physical performance and medical care utilization of local older people.MethodsPeople aged ≥65 years who participated in congregate meal services were recruited. Using concepts of telemedicine and community health records, participants received consultation from local general physicians, who provided advice or arranged referrals to the National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch. Physical parameters including blood pressure, body mass index, grip strength, walking speed, and five times sit‐to‐stand test (FTSST) were transferred to the National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch and local doctors in a timely manner. Changes in physical parameters and utilization of healthcare facilities were measured at the beginning of recruitment and 1 year later.ResultsIn the 470 registered participants, 66% had hypertension, 50% had weakness in grip strength, 58% were slow at FTSST and 78% had disability in 6‐meter walking speed. In total, 97 participants were followed up at 1 year. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) decreased from 137.4 to 133.3 (P = 0.019) and from 76.9 to 74.4 (P = 0.008), respectively. The time of FTSST (s) decreased from 11.3 to 10.4 (P = 0.011). The walking speed (m/s) increased from 0.71 to 0.74 (P = 0.039). Medical and dental outpatient usage increased by 2 and 1.14 times, respectively.ConclusionsThe Houston–Apollo model could provide benefits for the physical status of older adults, promote proactive and preventive healthcare utilization, and contribute to medical equality. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; ••: ••–••.
Identification and characterization of the antigen recognized by the germ cell mAb TRA98 using a human comprehensive wet protein array
Authors: Fukuda Eriko , Tanaka Hiromitsu , Yamaguchi Kei , Takasaka Mieko , Kawamura Yoshifumi , Okuda Hidenobu , Isotani Ayako , Ikawa Masahito , Shapiro Virginia Smith , Tsuchida Junji , Okada Yuki , Tsujimura Akira , Miyagawa Yasushi , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Kawakami Yoshitaka , Wada Morimasa , Nishimune Yoshitake , Goshima Naoki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTRA98 is a rat monoclonal antibody (mAb) which recognizes a specific antigen in the nuclei of germ cells. mAb TRA98 has been used to understand the mechanism of germ cell development and differentiation in many studies. In mice, the antigen recognized by mAb TRA98 or GCNA1 has been reported to be a GCNA gene product, but despite the demonstration of the immunoreactivity of this mAb in human testis and sperm in 1997, the antigen in humans remains unknown, as of date. To identify the human antigen recognized by mAb TRA98, a human comprehensive wet protein array was developed containing 19,446 proteins derived from human cDNAs. Using this array, it was found that the antigen of mAb TRA98 is not a GCNA gene product, but nuclear factor‐κB activating protein (NKAP). In mice, mAb TRA98 recognized both the GCNA gene product and NKAP. Furthermore, conditional knockout of Nkap in mice revealed a phenotype of Sertoli cell‐only syndrome. Although NKAP is a ubiquitously expressed protein, NKAP recognized by mAb TRA98 in mouse testis was SUMOylated. These results suggest that NKAP undergoes modifications, such as SUMOylation in the testis, and plays an important role in spermatogenesis.
Evaluation of the accuracy of immature granulocyte percentage in predicting pediatric serious bacterial infection
Authors: Güngör Ali , Göktuğ Aytaç , Tekeli Aysun , Bodur İlknur , Öztürk Betül , Güneylioğlu Muhammed Mustafa , Yaradılmış Raziye Merve , Akca Çağlar Ayla , Tuygun Nilden , Karacan Can Demir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionSerious bacterial infections (SBI) are major causes of mortality and morbidity in children. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the immature granulocyte (IG) percentage in predicting SBI.MethodsPatients admitted to the pediatric emergency department with fever were divided into two groups: with SBI and with non‐SBI. White blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and the percentage of IG value were recorded, and their accuracy in predicting SBI was evaluated.ResultsSixty‐one (14.3%) patients fell into the SBI group and 367 (85.7%) were with non‐SBI. Mean IG percentage among SBI patients was 0.84 ± 1.21 and 0.27 ± 0.20 for with non‐SBI patients (P = .001). Based on disease, the highest IG percentage was found in patients diagnosed with sepsis (IG 3.7 ± 3.5%) and with bacterial meningitis (IG 1.6 ± 1.3%). The area under the curve (AUC) of IG percentage to predict SBI was 0.83 with 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.78‐0.88]; WBC was 0.76 (95% CI 0.70‐0.83); ANC was 0.73 (95% CI 0.67‐0.80), and CRP was 0.79 (95% CI 0.73‐0.85). When infection markers were compared to the most appropriate cut‐off values in predicting SBI, IG percentage showed the highest sensitivity and specificity. When the cut‐off value was determined as >0.35 for IG percentage, sensitivity was 75.4% and specificity was 76.6% in predicting SBI.ConclusionPatients with SBI had a higher IG percentage. Compared to other biomarkers, IG percentage had higher sensitivity and specificity in predicting SBI.
Crystal structure and actuation mechanisms in morphotropic phase boundary Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3 piezoelectric ceramic
Authors: Zhang Jianbo , Liu Hui , Sun Shengdong , Liu Ye , Zhang Yueyun , Qi He , Deng Shiqing , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLead‐based Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3 (PZN‐PZT) piezoelectric ceramics have been intensively studied owing to their excellent performance in multilayer actuators; however, the detailed crystal structure and actuation mechanisms are still not well understood. In this study, in situ electric‐field‐biasing high‐energy synchrotron X‐ray diffraction was employed to monitor the crystal structure evolution and to deconvolute contributions to the electrostrain in the morphotropic phase boundary composition of 0.3PZN–0.7PZT. An electric‐field‐induced reversible phase transition between the coexisting monoclinic and tetragonal phases was identified. The unit cell parameters of the monoclinic phase exhibit significantly greater response to the electric field than those of the tetragonal phase. The effective lattice strain, evaluated through peak profile fitting, and the macroscopic strain measurement were found to be in agreement. The high electrostrain is primarily caused by the electric‐field‐induced phase transition with concurrent intrinsic/extrinsic contributions. This work provides a deeper description of the crystal structure and actuation mechanisms in PZN‐PZT piezoelectric systems.
Creating Spaces for Collaboration in Community Co‐design
Authors: Calvo Mirian , Sclater Madeleine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUrgent societal challenges have led to unease in our socio‐cultural interactions and the production systems that underpin our lives. To confront such challenges, collaboration stands out as an essential approach in accomplishing joint goals and producing new knowledge. It calls for interdisciplinary methodologies such as co‐design, an approach capable of bridging multiple expertise. The core activities of co‐design are based on the premise of collaboration and on developing creative social environments. Yet achieving collaboration through co‐design is challenging as people need to understand each other, and develop trust and rapport. We argue that ‘informal‐mutual learning’ is central to building mutual understanding. This article explores how we create spaces for collaboration through co‐design by examining the social environments supporting them. It examines the value of collaboration and its impact upon participants within an action research project conducted in Scotland. We identified Cultural‐Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as a suitable theoretical framework. It offers support for holistic inquiry into participation and learning. Its strength was in the attention that it pays to multi‐dimensional human interactions within the social environment. This led to an understanding of the concepts of boundary‐crossing and boundary space examined through a CHAT lens. The findings shed light on four designerly conditions supporting informal‐mutual learning when engaged in collaboration during co‐design situations: choreography and orchestration, aesthetics, playfulness, and quality and quantity of participation. The findings enable us to elaborate on the theorisation of boundary space, a theoretical space for the assemblage of multiple levels of expertise to achieve collaboration.
Probing single‐tooth dental implants with and without prostheses: a cross‐sectional study comparing healthy and peri‐implant mucositis sites
Authors: García‐García Marta , Mir‐Mari Javier , Figueiredo Rui , Valmaseda‐Castellón Eduard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate differences in probing depth (PPD) with and without a prosthesis in implants without interproximal bone loss (IBL). Secondarily, to assess whether the difference in PPD measured with and without the crown was affected by diagnosis or implant location.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in patients with a single screw‐retained implant‐supported crown in the posterior area, without IBL. PPD and was assessed before and after crown removal. A subgroup analysis compared healthy vs. mucositis implants and premolar vs. molar locations.ResultsIn the 62 implants analysed (23 healthy and 39 with mucositis), the PPD was 1.15 mm (SD = 1.24 mm) deeper without the prosthesis than with it (p < .001). This difference was independent of the implant location (p > .05) except for buccal sites (p = .048). The mean PPD difference for implants with mucositis was 0.95 mm (SD = 1.19 mm; p < .001) while healthy implants had a mean PPD variation of 1.47 mm (SD = 1.29 mm; p < .001).ConclusionThe presence of prosthesis in single‐tooth implants in the posterior area without IBL seems to lead to an underestimation of PPD that appears to be significant in implants diagnosed with mucositis, although the difference is even greater in healthy implants. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.