bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of calcium hydroxide mixed with preservatives on physicochemical characteristics and sensory shelf‐life of corn tortilla
Authors: Báez‐Aguilar Ángeles M , Arámbula‐Villa Gerónimo , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , López‐Espíndola Mirna , Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel J , Contreras‐Oliva Adriana , Herrera‐Corredor José A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and shelf‐life of corn tortilla stored at room temperature (25 °C) using aw modifiers (propylene glycol and glycerol) and pH modifiers (fumaric acid and sodium benzoate) as preservatives combined with calcium hydroxide. Detection thresholds were used to determine the maximum preservative concentration and calcium hydroxide. Physicochemical characterization and sensory evaluation were used to determine the stability and sensory shelf‐life of tortillas.RESULTSControl, calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide + fumaric acid, calcium hydroxide + glycerol, calcium hydroxide + propylene glycol, and calcium hydroxide + sodium benzoate treatments had rounded half‐lives of 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, and 2 days respectively. Glycerol combined with calcium hydroxide resulted in tortillas with lower pH variations over time. Mold presence was the critical attribute causing tortilla rejection.CONCLUSIONThe use of aw modifiers had a better effect in preserving corn tortilla, as the concentration of pH modifiers at detection threshold levels was not able to reach an optimum performance when combined with calcium hydroxide. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy With and Without Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Glottic Cancer
Authors: Luna‐Ortiz Kuauhyama , Reynoso‐Noveron Nancy , Zacarias‐Ramon Luis C. , Alvarez‐Avitia Miguel , Luna‐Peteuil Zelik , Garcia‐Ortega Dorian Y. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo demonstrate that a group of patients who are not considered candidates for organ preservation can achieve organ preservation through neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgery and to determine if there are differences regarding organ preservation, disease‐free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) after comparing such group with another one undergoing standard treatment.MethodsPatients with laryngeal cancer were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups. Group A included patients who were initially treated with supracricoid laryngectomy. Group B included patients with T3N0 glottic squamous cell carcinoma with arytenoid fixation. Patients were offered neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Both groups underwent bilateral selective neck dissection of lymph nodes (II–V) and intentional search of the Delphian lymph nodes.ResultsThirty‐four patients were assigned to group A of surgery alone, and 16 patients were included in group B of induction chemotherapy. No statistical differences were found regarding sex, tumor localization, histological diagnosis, TNM staging, recurrence, or organ preservation. DFS, OS, and CSS at 60 months were the same in both groups. No statistical differences were found when comparing induction versus noninduction groups according to the T‐stage in DFS, OS, and CSS.ConclusionsNeoadjuvant chemotherapy allows to perform conservative surgery in patients with poor functional prognosis or who are not good candidates for organ preservation at first. We could perform safe surgery, and there was no more recurrence. Hence DFS is not modified (i.e., there was no more recurrence); consequently, OS and CSS are not affected. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus supracricoid partial laryngectomy‐cricohyoidoepiglottopexy is an oncologically safe procedure that preserves basic functions such as breathing, phonation, and swallowing.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:156–162, 2022
Disturbance is complicated: Headward‐eroding saltmarsh creeks produce multiple responses and recovery trajectories
Authors: Wu Fengrun , Pennings Steven C. , Ortals Collin , Ruiz Jennifer , Farrell W. Reilly , McNichol Samuel M. , Angelini Christine , Spivak Amanda C. , Alber Merryl , Tong Chunfu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDisturbances are one of the most important processes affecting natural systems, but there is a gap between simple conceptual models of disturbance and complex empirical studies. We studied the perturbation caused by headward‐eroding creeks in southeastern USA salt marshes. We measured disturbance responses (magnitude and recovery trajectory) of 19 variables. Some variables (shoot density, root biomass, snail density, soil pH, soil strength, soil temperature, elevation) declined sharply, while other variables (crab burrow density, soil organic matter, soil redox) increased sharply, in response to the burrowed and grazed conditions at the creek head. These variables recovered over subsequent years or decades. Other variables (shoot height, aboveground biomass, rhizome biomass, light interception) declined sharply in the creek head, then overshot control values before recovering. Some variables (benthic algae, soil salinity) did not appear to be disturbed by the creek head. As hypothesized, plants recovered before soils and snails. Disturbance magnitude and time to recovery were often greater directly adjacent to the new creekbank than for the same variables in a parallel transect further away from the creekbank, and in some cases variables never converged with control values, indicating a persistent state change. Reducing the dimensionality of the data set into principal component axes obscured the diverse ways in which different aspects of the system responded to and recovered from the perturbation. Our study illustrates the challenges in moving from simple conceptual models of disturbance to empirical studies in which multiple variables are likely to be affected differently and follow different recovery trajectories.
Physicochemical Characterization of Pectin‐Gelatin Biomaterial Formulations for 3D Bioprinting
Authors: Lapomarda Anna , Cerqueni Giorgia , Geven Mike A. , Chiesa Irene , De Acutis Aurora , De Blasi Matteo , Montemurro Francesca , De Maria Carmelo , Mattioli‐Belmonte Monica , Vozzi Giovanni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeveloping biomaterial formulations with specific biochemical characteristics and physical properties suitable for bioprinting of 3D scaffolds is a pivotal challenge in tissue engineering. Therefore, the design of novel bioprintable formulations is a continuously evolving research field. In this work, the authors aim at expanding the library of biomaterial inks by blending two natural biopolymers: pectin and gelatin. Cytocompatible formulations are obtained by combining pectin and gelatin at different ratios and using (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as single crosslinking agent. It is shown that the developed formulations are all suitable for extrusion‐based 3D bioprinting. Self‐supporting scaffolds with a designed macroporosity and micropores in the bioprinted struts are successfully obtained by combining extrusion‐based bioprinting and freeze‐drying. The presence of gelatin in these formulations allows for the modulation of porosity, of water uptake and of scaffold stiffness in respect to pure pectin scaffolds. Results demonstrate that these new biomaterial formulations, processed with this specific approach, are promising candidates for the fabrication of tissue‐like scaffolds for tissue regeneration.
Insights in the Thermal Volume Transition of Poly(2‐oxazoline) Hydrogels
Authors: Segiet Dominik , Stockmann Annika , Sadowski Jan , Katzenberg Frank , Tiller Joerg C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolymers with a lower or an upper critical solution temperature (LCST or UCST) can precipitate in a very narrow temperature range. Cross‐linking of such polymers and adding them to suited solvent results in smart gels that are capable of greatly changing their dimensions with changing temperature. This transition occurs very often in a broad temperature range, which limits the applicability of smart materials. To shed some light into the design of thermo‐responsive hydrogels with a narrow phase transition, poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx), poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline), and statistical copolymers of 2‐butyl‐2‐oxazoline and 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline, respectively, are synthesized and the concentration‐dependent cloud point temperatures (Tcp) of the free polymers in aqueous media are determined in relation to the thermo‐responsive swelling behavior of the respective hydrogels. A narrow thermal transition of the hydrogels can only be achieved when the Tcp of the free polymers in water is independent on the concentration. Aqueous salt solutions can render even PEtOx into a concentration independent LCST polymer. However, this salt effect does not work for hydrogels.
A Hydrothermal Strategy to Fabricate Carbons‐Doped Polyaniline Hydrogels with Separation‐Free for Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Peng , Yang Jianxiao , Guo Kunkun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCarbon‐doped polyaniline (PANI) hydrogels (PFMH) are fabricated by a facile hydrothermal strategy that aniline monomers are in situ polymerized on mesoporous carbons (MC) and carbon fibers (CF) with phytic acids as both cross‐linkers and dopants. Likewise, MC and CF can provide heterogeneous active sites to initiate the polymerization, acting as the skeletons within multi‐dimensional interconnected channel structures. First‐principles density functional theory calculations show that the interactions between different bases of PANI and MC/CF are all adsorptive prone to possess the separation‐free structure, but the adsorptive interactions between different bases and MC are significantly stronger than those of CF. Therefore, MC would be tightly anchored by PANI chains to improve the mechanical strength, while CF can provide favorable conductivity interconnected network skeletons. As such, the electrical conductivity and fracture strength of PFMH are measured high up to 13.32 S m−1 and 233.4 kPa at the fracture deformation (54.7%), respectively. PFMH as supercapacitor (SC) electrodes can achieve the gravimetric specific capacitance of 637.9 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. In particular, the as‐fabricated flexible all‐solid‐state SCs can maintain normal operation under various deformation conditions, showing the great potential to become an advanced power device for wearable electronics.
UV‐ and Thermally‐Active Bifunctional Gelators Create Surface‐Anchored Polymer Networks
Authors: Pandiyarajan Chinnayan Kannan , Genzer Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA versatile one‐step synthesis of surface‐attached polymer networks using small bifunctional gelators (SBG), namely 4‐azidosulfonylphenethyltrimethoxysilane (4‐ASPTMS) and 6‐azidosulfonylhexyltriethoxysilane (6‐ASHTES) is reported. A thin layer (≈200 nm) of a mixture comprising ≈90% precursor polymer and 10% of 4‐ASPTMS or 10% 6‐ASHTES on a silicon wafer is deposited. Upon UV irradiation (≈l–254 nm) or annealing (>100 °C) layers, sulfonyl azides (SAz) release nitrogen by forming singlet and triplet nitrenes that concurrently react with any C─H bond in the vicinity resulting in sulfonamide crosslinks. Condensation among tri‐alkoxy groups (i.e., methoxy or ethoxy) in bulk connects the SBG units, which completes the crosslinking. Concurrently, when such functionalities react with hydroxyl groups at the surface, which enable the covalent attachment of the crosslinked polymer chains. A systematic investigation on reaction mechanism and gel formation using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode (FTIR‐ATR) is performed. Analogous thermally initiated gelation for both 4‐ASPTMS and 6‐ASHTES is found. The 6‐ASHTES is UV inactive at ≈l–254 nm, while the 4‐ASPTMS is active and forms gels. The difference is attributed to the aromatic nature of 4‐ASPTMS that absorb UV light at ≈l–254 nm due to π–π* transition.
Macrocyclic Photoinitiator Based on Prism[5]arene Matching LEDs Light with Low Migration
Authors: Song Qiuyan , Shang Kun , Xue Tanlong , Wang Zongcheng , Pei Di , Zhao Shuai , Nie Jun , Chang Yincheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, a naphthalene‐based macrocycle prism[5]arene (NP5OCH3) is developed as a novel kind of photoinitiator. When NP5OCH3 is irradiated under light, the bond between methylene and naphthalene can be quickly broken owning to the existence of ring tension. The macrocycle is cleaved to linear oligomer biradicals, which can effectively initiate the free radical photopolymerization of acrylate monomers. Compared with conventional photoinitiators, NP5OCH3 has strong light absorption in the wavelength range of 365–405 nm, so it can well match the environment‐friendly light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) light source to realize highly efficient initiation. In addition, there is no small molecule fragment generated during NP5OCH3 fracture, and the resulted linear oligomer biradicals can be immobilized in the polymer after initiating polymerization, so NP5OCH3 photoinitiators show much lower migration rate and cytotoxicity. Cleavable macrocycle prismarene may provide a new idea for the design of safe and efficient photoinitiators matching long wavelength light.
Piston Compression of Semiflexible Ring Polymers in Channels
Authors: Cifra Peter , Bleha Tomáš 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMolecular simulations in nanochannels are used to explore the compression elasticity of ring polymers of stiffness (persistence length) similar to DNA. By combination with the parallel data for linear polymers, the effect of chain topology on their compression behavior is assessed. The results show that the ring polymers are much less bendable at longitudinal compression than the linear analogs. The chain span of linear polymers is continuously reduced at compression, whereas in ring polymers, an abrupt decrease of the span is observed. The simulation data elucidate this phenomenon as the buckling of a ring polymer into the double‐folded hairpin. The shrinking ratio of sizes of the ring and linear chains shows a complex behavior much differing from the existing reports. The force–displacement functions for chains of both topologies at moderate confinement are very well accounted for by the mean‐field Flory scheme. The theory predicts the difference in the mechanical stiffness of the ring and linear polymers in qualitative agreement with the simulation data. These findings are relevant to the compression behavior of semiflexible ring polymers under spatial constraints such as in nanofluidic experiments, disordered media, or cellular environment.
Sensorimotor Cough Dysfunction Is Prevalent and Pervasive in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Borders James C. , Sevitz Jordanna S. , Curtis James A. , Vanegas‐Arroyave Nora , Troche Michelle S. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPneumonia, a leading cause of death in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), results from progressive and pervasive deficits of airway protection, including both cough and swallowing dysfunction. Cough protects the airway by expelling aspirate and may be an important therapeutic target to protect against pneumonia in the presence of dysphagia. However, cough has not been objectively characterized in PSP or compared to other common forms of parkinsonism, such as Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine voluntary and reflex cough function in PSP, as compared to patients with PD matched for disease duration.MethodsTwenty‐six patients with PSP and 26 with PD completed voluntary and reflex cough testing via spirometry. Linear mixed effects models examined comparisons between groups and within cough types across cough sensory and motor outcomes.ResultsPatients with PSP demonstrated significantly reduced cough motor function compared to PD, specifically reduced peak expiratory flow rate (P < 0.001), cough expiratory volume (P < 0.001), and cough inspiratory volume (P = 0.008). Both groups showed similar reflex cough thresholds (P = 0.694), but PSP demonstrated an increased perception of cough stimuli (P = 0.041).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that sensorimotor cough dysfunction is prevalent in PSP, and cough motor deficits, in particular, are worse in PSP than in PD. These deficits likely contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumonia in PSP. Therefore, cough should be integrated into assessments of airway protection and considered as a therapeutic target to potentially reduce adverse health events and improve quality of life in this population. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Anterolateral thigh osteomyocutaneous flap in head and neck: Lessons learned
Authors: Cannady Steven B. , Mady Leila J. , Brody Robert M. , Shimunov David , Newman Jason G. , Chalian Ara C. , Rajasekaran Karthik A. , Sheth Neil P. , Shanti Rabie M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundConcerns regarding iatrogenic femur fracture may deter adoption of the anterolateral thigh osteomyocutaneous (ALTO) flap as an alternative reconstructive technique for large composite defects of the head and neck. We describe the evolution of our experience with this flap and the lessons learned in femur management.MethodsRecords from a prospective database (July 2009–January 2020) were reviewed to identify patients with composite osseous free tissue reconstructions. Venous thromboembolic events (VTE), femur fracture, estimated blood loss (EBL), procedure time, blood transfusions, and length of stay (days) were compared for ALTO flaps prior to and after the adoption of intramedullary fixation protocol.ResultsALTO represented 10.5% (n = 23) of total osseus (n = 219) flaps. For large composite reconstructions with either ALTO flap, double flap (n = 2), or subscapular mega flaps (n = 14), ALTO flaps were most frequently used (59%, n = 23/59). There were no differences in operative time prior to and after implementation of prophylactic fixation [median (range): 5.4 (1.7–19.2) vs. 5.8 (1.7–15.0), p = .574]. Additionally, there were no differences in VTE, femur fracture, EBL, blood transfusion, or length of stay (p > .05) with adoption of prophylactic intramedullary fixation.ConclusionsThe ALTO flap represents a useful tool to consider in the armamentarium of reconstructive options for large through and through defects of the head and neck. In our experience, the ALTO flap is a reasonable alternative to subscapular or double flap reconstructions and especially in the setting of unusable fibular flaps or when bone need exceeds that available from the scapula.
Technical Note: Multiple energy extraction techniques for synchrotron‐based proton delivery systems may exacerbate motion interplay effects in lung cancer treatments
Authors: Younkin James E. , Morales Danairis Hernandez , Shen Jiajian , Ding Xiaoning , Stoker Joshua B. , Yu Nathan Y. , Sio Terence T. , Daniels Thomas B. , Bues Martin , Fatyga Mirek , Schild Steven E. , Liu Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThe multiple energy extraction (MEE) delivery technique for synchrotron‐based proton delivery systems reduces beam delivery time by decelerating the beam multiple times during one accelerator spill, but this might cause additional plan quality degradation due to intrafractional motion. We seek to determine whether MEE causes significantly different plan quality degradation compared to single energy extraction (SEE) for lung cancer treatments due to the interplay effect.MethodsTen lung cancer patients treated with IMPT at our institution were nonrandomly sampled based on a representative range of tumor motion amplitudes, tumor volumes, and respiratory periods. Dose‐volume histogram (DVH) indices from single‐fraction SEE and MEE four‐dimensional (4D) dynamic dose distributions were compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Distributions of monitor units (MU) to breathing phases were investigated for features associated with plan quality degradation. SEE and MEE DVH indices were compared in fractionated deliveries of the worst‐case patient treatment scenario to evaluate the impact of fractionation.ResultsThere were no clinically significant differences in target mean dose, target dose conformity, or dose to organs‐at‐risk between SEE and MEE in single‐fraction delivery. Three patients had significantly worse dose homogeneity with MEE compared to SEE (single‐fraction mean D5%‐D95% increased by up to 9.6% of prescription dose), and plots of MU distribution to breathing phases showed synchronization patterns with MEE but not SEE. However, after 30 fractions the patient in the worst‐case scenario had clinically acceptable target dose homogeneity and coverage with MEE (mean D5%–D95% increased by 1% compared to SEE).ConclusionsFor some patients with breathing periods close to the mean spill duration, MEE resulted in significantly worse single‐fraction target dose homogeneity compared to SEE due to the interplay effect. However, this was mitigated by fractionation, and target dose homogeneity and coverage were clinically acceptable after 30 fractions with MEE.
Feasibility of attenuation map alignment in pinhole cardiac SPECT using exponential data consistency conditions
Authors: Wells R Glenn , Clackdoyle Rolf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeDedicated cardiac SPECT systems do not typically include an integrated CT scanner and thus attenuation correction requires registration of separately acquired transmission scans. Data consistency conditions are equations that express the redundancy between projections while taking into account the attenuation effects. This study assessed the feasibility of applying exponential data consistency conditions to rebinned pinhole projections for attenuation‐map registration in pinhole cardiac SPECT.MethodsSimulations of an anthropomorphic computer phantom with three different tracer activity distributions were performed with and without clinical levels of noise in the projection data. The first activity distribution contained activity only within the myocardium which satisfied the assumptions of the data consistency conditions. The other two distributions violated these assumptions by adding background activity and uptake in the liver. Simulations included acquisitions with 360, 31, and 9 pinhole projections and detector pixel sizes of 0.75 and 2.5 mm. A metric based on the average difference between pairs of exponential projections was used to evaluate registration accuracy.ResultsWhen activity is restricted to the myocardium, the registration error was 3.0 mm for 31 noisy pinhole projections with a detector size of 2.5 mm. When activity is added to the background and the liver, a correction for the extra‐cardiac activity is needed but when applied, a registration error of 6.0 mm was achieved.ConclusionThese results suggest that it may be feasible to use exponential data consistency conditions to register pinhole cardiac SPECT and CT transmission data.Taxonomy: 8–6 (IM‐SPECT/Registration).