bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of high-frequency Doppler ultrasound for comparative assessment of the response of the microcirculatory bloodstream to artificial ventilation and therapy with an oxygen-helium mixture in patients with severe viral pneumonia caused by COVID-19
Authors: Skedina M. A. , Kovaleva A. A. , Manuylov V. M. 
Published: January 2025

The aim. To perform a comparative analysis of microcirculatory bed (MCB) response in patients with viral pneumonia (COVID-19), severe course, aggravated by arterial hypertension on artificial lung ventilation (ALV) and thermal oxygen-helium mixture (OHM) therapy.Materials and methods. 9 patients were on mask ALV and 13 received OHM therapy. The OHM therapy was performed at gas concentration: O2 – 30 %, He – 70 %; the OHM temperature at the heater output was +95 оС (patients received it with t= up to +65 оС). The blood flow parameters in the MCB were recorded by ultrasound dopplerograph, 20 MHz sensor on the nail shaft of the thumb.Results. The study has shown that the blood flow parameters in MCB were variable in patients on ALV. The increase in the blood flow velocity in MCB was due to blood inflow through the arteriolar link as a result of high values of HR (up to 100 beats/min), which ranged 0.741 – 2.428 cm/s on different days of observation. The PI index was high – 1.332 , some days its value increased by 13.7–26.7 %. Capillary blood flow indicators were low and averaged 0.181 cm/s. After OHM therapy, the blood flow velocity increased in all links of MCB: in the arteriolar and capillary by 7 %, in the venular almost 3 times as compared to the primary study. The PI index decreased from 1.56 to 1.155, vascular tone RI from 0.87 to 0.714. The positive effect of OHM therapy was observed after 30 min, 60 min and on subsequent days of MCB monitoring.
Age peculiarities of skin perfusion in different parts of anterior abdominal wall based on laser doppler flowmetry data
Authors: Larichev A. B. , Tikhomirova I. A. , Riabov M. M. , Gabibov I. K. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Operations on the abdominal cavity organs and the anterior abdominal wall account for about 23.5–25.5 % of all surgical interventions. The incidence of infectious inflammatory complications after them varies widely and reaches 67 %. The role of adequate functioning of the microcirculation system in wound healing has been repeatedly confirmed by the literature. To interpret the pathology, it is necessary to determine the features of the physiological functional status of the anterior abdominal wall microcirculation. Purpose of the study. Study the features of local blood microcirculation in various areas of the anterior abdominal wall and their age-related changes.Materials and methods. Two groups of volunteers were examined: 30 young conditionally healthy persons (average age 21±0.7 years) and 30 patients of the Surgical Department of the Semashko Clinical Hospital without pathology of abdominal organs and abdominal wall (average age 62±5,9 years). Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) technique was used on the LAZMA PF device (OOO NPP LAZMA, Russia). Measurements were performed on the skin of the anterior surface of the middle third of the left forearm and in 9 regions of the anterior abdominal wall.Results. In the first group, the maximum microcirculation index was determined in the suprapubic region – 7.24±1.99 perfusion units (p. u.). A statistically significant difference occurred between the indices of basal blood flow of the upper and lower floors of the abdominal wall with the average (p<0.05). Among elderly patients, the forearm microcirculation index (5.19±0.78 p. u.) was comparable to the values in all areas of the anterior abdominal wall. The values of microcirculation index in nine regions of the anterior abdominal wall did not differ from each other, being in range of 4.25–4.94 p. u.Conclusion. When planning studies of blood microcirculation in the abdominal wall tissues, the specific anatomical region and age of patients should be taken into account.
Photoplethysmography in assessment of skin microcirculation in pregnant women with gestational arterial hypertension
Authors: Shishkanova T. I. , Markina A. E. , Alyamkina E. A. , Kapitanova D. A. , Vlasova T. I. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. One of the urgent problems of modern obstetrics is gestational arterial hypertension (GAH), which entails a whole range of complications for both mother and fetus. In this regard, it is necessary to search for economically accessible, informative and safe methods for early diagnosis of uteroplacental blood flow disorders in pregnant women.The aim of the study was to investigate the features of peripheral and uteroplacental blood flow in pregnant women with GAH, to assess the state of the vascular wall of pregnant women using photoplethysmography and to determine its association with uteroplacental blood flow disorders. Materials and methods. A total of 78 patients with 22 to 40 weeks of pregnancy, divided into two groups, were clinically examined: the first group (n=42) were pregnant women with GAH, the second group the control group (n=36) consisted of patients with physiological course of gestation. The study included assessment of the objective clinical status of the pregnant woman, recording and contour analysis of photoplethysmograms, ultrasound examination of the uteroplacental and fetoplacental blood flow, and statistical processing of the results.Results. When comparing the anthropometric characteristics of the studied groups, an increase in BMI was found in the group of pregnant women with GAG (p<0.05). Contour analysis of photoplethysmography (PPG) data showed an increase in the augmentation index in pregnant women with GAG by 73.47 % (p=0.054), an increase in central arterial pressure by 3.6 % (p<0.05). Changes in peripheral hemodynamics in pregnant women with hypertensive disorder were associated with impaired fetoplacental blood flow (rxy = 0.52-0.86, p < 0.05), which was accompanied by lower fetal biometry parameters (p<0.05).Conclusion. Hemodynamic disturbances in the mother-placenta-fetus system correlate with changes in the parameters of peripheral circulation, which allows us to consider the additional use of the photoplethysmography method as promising in terms of early diagnostics and prevention of perinatal complications in mother and fetus.
Evolving the Control-Chaos Continuum: Part 1 – Translating Knowledge to Enhance On-Pitch Rehabilitation
Authors: Taberner Matt , Allen Tom , O’keefe Jason , Chaput Meredith , Grooms Dustin , Cohen Daniel Dylan 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: On-pitch rehabilitation is a crucial part of returning to sport after injury in elite soccer. The control-chaos continuum ( CCC) initially offered a framework for practitioners to plan on-pitch rehabilitation, focusing on physical preparation and sport specificity. However, our experiences with the CCC, combined with recent research in injury neurophysiology, point to a need for an updated model that integrates practice design and physical-cognitive interactions. CLINICAL QUESTION: What are the insights from injury neurophysiology, soccer performance, and coaching science needed to update the CCC and improve the planning, delivery, and progression of on-pitch rehabilitation in elite soccer? KEY RESULTS: Drawing on extensive experience in elite sport, we explain how recent research on neurophysiological recovery from injury, game models, and practice design has been applied to update the CCC and evolve the existing framework. CLINICAL APPLICATION: The evolution of the CCC expands on the original model to enhance planning, delivery, and progression of on-pitch rehabilitation. The updated framework incorporates elements of visual cognition, attentional challenges, decision-making, and progressive representation of the game model to enhance sport-specific preparation for returning to sport. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2025;55(2):78-88. Epub 3 January 2025. doi:10.2519/jospt.2025.13158
Treatment outcomes in patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Eshiet Unyime Israel , Akpan Mary Richard , Jackson Idongesit Linus , Uduak Aniekpeno Sunday , Udiminue Dighenyong Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has substantially challenged the goal of eliminating tuberculosis (TB) in the 21st century. Treatment outcomes in patients with multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) are expected to improve with the implementation of the World Health Organization consolidated guidelines for the treatment of MDR-TB. This study aimed to evaluate documented therapeutic outcomes in patients with MDR-TB treated at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
It was a retrospective study conducted at the MDR-TB unit of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Data from case reports of patients with MDR-TB from 2013 to 2022 were extracted using a data collection checklist. Case reports with insufficient or missing information were excluded from the study. Data were summarized using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA).

Results:
Fifty case reports of patients with MDR-TB were evaluated. The most frequently prescribed anti-MDRTB drug combination was kanamycin, levofloxacin, pyrazinamide, prothionamide, cycloserine, and Vitamin B6 (n = 17; 34%). Weight gain was documented in 54% (n = 27) of the patients. Adverse events due to anti-MDR-TB medications was reported in 22% (n = 11) of the patients with ototoxicity (45.5%; n = 5) being the most frequently documented. Thirty-four (68%) of the patients were cured; 10 (20%) discontinued treatment; while 12% of the patients died.

Conclusion:
Although majority of the patients with MDR-TB treated at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital were clinically cured, a significant proportion of the patients had poor treatment outcomes.
Pediatric subcutaneous nasal glial heterotopia
Authors: Alzahrani Moajeb Turki , Ajlan Balgess Abdullah , Samkari Alaa , Samman Afnan Mahfouz 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Nasal glial heterotopias (NGHs) are benign lesions diagnosed at birth that are treated with complete surgical excision and have a low recurrence rate. The impact of the timing of resection on the patients’ outcome remains unclear.

Case Description:
We report a case of pediatric midline subcutaneous extranasal glial heterotopia over the nasal bridge in a 4-day-old female newborn. At the age of 6 months, she underwent a complete surgical excision. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at 3 years showed no evidence of recurrence. A summary of the 19 published cases of the specific entity of purely subcutaneous extranasal glial heterotopia among the pediatrics age group in the literature is presented, and the timing of surgery in relation to outcome is discussed.

Conclusion:
Our review revealed that surgery for NGH can be safely performed when the child is 6–12 months old, and the child should be followed probably until school age.
Influence of Bank Type on the Relationship Between Corporate Governance and Market Performance: Insights from Emerging Countries
Authors: Abid Sheikh Khurram , Naseem Muhammad Akram , Zain ul Abidin Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The market performance of banks is highly impacted by corporate governance and type of bank. This study aims to empirically examine the influential impact of bank type on the relationship between corporate governance and bank’s market performance.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed deductive approach and used a sample of 456 bank-year observation of 38 banks selected from emerging economies over the period from 2011 to 2023. The GMM - Generalized Method of Moments estimation was used to test the research hypothesis and to control the endogeneity issues in panel data.
Findings: The study reported a positive and significant effects of board size and board independence on the market performance of the banks such as Tobin’s Q by considering three controlling factors namely, leverage, liquidly and asset quality. Further, bank type has significant moderating effect on the link between corporate governance measures and bank’s market performance.
Implications/Originality/Value: This study contributed to the broader understanding of corporate governance by highlighting the role of bank type in shaping the effectiveness of governance mechanisms. Moreover, this study attempts to connect the empirical findings with governance theories for highlighting the role of governance in measuring the performance of banking sector of emerging economies that will facilitate decision makers and bank authorities to adopt such corporate governance mechanism that will enhance bank’s market performance.
Child Stunting Against Acute Respiratory Infections in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fadhila Akbar Kholish , Rahfiludin Mohammad Zen , Suyatno Suyatno 
Published: January 2025

Background: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young children, particularly those who experience stunting. This study aims to map the factors associated with ARIs in stunted toddlers using a scoping review methodology.
Subjects and Method: This scoping review was conducted using data obtained from PubMed Central. The target population included toddlers with stunting and ARIs. A search was performed using the keywords "stunting AND acute respiratory infections AND toddler," yielding 712 articles, which were narrowed down to 8 relevant articles after applying a 10-year time frame. The factors influencing ARIs in stunted toddlers were categorized into five groups: (1) environmental and sanitation factors, (2) nutritional factors, (3) socio-economic factors, (4) co-infections, and (5) genetic and biological factors.
Results: The factors influencing ARIs in stunted toddlers were categorized into five groups: (1) environmental and sanitation factors, (2) nutritional factors, (3) socio- economic factors, (4) co-infections, and (5) genetic and biological factors. ARIs and stunting are interrelated through various complex factors.
Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach is essential to enhance access to healthcare services, improve nutritional education, and address sanitation conditions, with the goal of reducing the prevalence of ARIs and stunting in toddlers, thereby supporting optimal growth.
Analysis of the Temporal and Spatial Properties of Platinum Plasma Using Pulsed Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers
Authors: Mohammed Zahraa Adel , Mahdi Wissam Hasan 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The impact of laser light and pulse duration on the hydrodynamic properties of plasma was studied in terms of electron temperature (Te), ion temperature (Ti), and ion rate (Z*).
Materials and methods:
The study was carried out in two stages: in the first phase, five energy levels of the Nd:YAG laser (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 J) and a pulse duration of (10 ns) were used at Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM). In the second phase, five energy levels of the CO2 laser (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 J) with a (10 ns ) pulse duration .
Results:
It was observed that at energy values of (1, 3, 5, 7, 9) J for the Nd:YAG laser with a 10 ns pulse duration, the electron temperature ranged from (214.79 to 690.97) eV. While the electron temperatures as a result of Co2 laser is ranged between (84.93 to 414.99) eV.
Conclusion:
We observe the electron temperatures of platinum plasma produced as a result of the ND:YAG laser was produced with with the same levels were higher than the electron temperatures of platinum plasma produced using a CO2 laser.
Antioxidant protective effect of Nelumbo nucifera extract against spermatogenic cells in male mice due to 2-methoxyethanol exposure
Authors: Musyarofah Badriatul , Setiyowati Putri Ayu Ika , Syaputra Angella Ananda , Reza Amelia Kartika , Khasanah Yunita Ainul , Solekha Rofiatun 
Published: January 2025

One of the causes of infertility in men is influenced by the compound 2-Methoxyethanol (2-ME) that can increase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which can distrub spermatogenesis. This study aimed to analyze the effect of antioxidant of Nelumbo nucifera extract on the histology of mice testicular spermatogenic cells. Male mice are divided into 6 groups. The negative control group (KN) was given distillated for 28 days ad libitum. The positive control group (KP) was injected subcutaneous (s.c) with 2-ME dose 200 mg/kg bw as much as 0.05 ml/ day for 7 days, the drug group (KO) was injected s.c with 2-ME (200 mg/kg bw) as much as 0.05 ml/ day for 7 days and then injected s.c with Clomiphene citrate with a dose 50 mg/kg bw as much as 0.2 ml/ day for 21 days. The treatment group (P1, P2, P3) was injected s.c with 2-ME (200 mg/kg bw) as much as 0.05 ml/ day for 7 days and injected s.c with N. nucifera extract at low dose 50 mg/kg bw (P1), medium dose 150 mg/kg bw (P2), and high dose 450 mg/kg bw (P3) as much as 0.2 ml/ day for 21 days. At the end of the study all mice were sacrificed and testicular collection was carried out. Testicular tissue was processed using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and observed spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids). Data analysis using ANOVA test and advanced test Post hoct test. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in number of spermatogenic cells of mice testicles between the negative group (KN), positive group (KP) and treatment group (P1, P2, P3). The optimal dose of N. nucifera extract that is most able to repair testicular tissue damage is a high dose.
Arabic word Prediction For Next and Previous Word Using Bert & CBOW Algorithms
Authors: Ali Taher Hawraa 
Published: January 2025

One application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is Next Word Prediction, also known as Language Modeling. This process involves predicting the most likely word to follow in a given sentence based on the preceding context. It has numerous widely used applications, like auto-correct, which is mostly used in emails and messages. It can also be used in Microsoft Word or Google searches to predict the next word based on past searches or global queries. The goal of Natural Language Generation (NLG) is to create language that is human-interpretable and natural. Users find text generation, and next-word prediction in particular, convenient as it makes typing faster and error-free. Consequently, an essential analysis topic for all languages is a personalized text prediction system. This paper suggests a novel approach for predicting the following word in a Arabic sentence. It is possible to minimize the total number of keystrokes a user makes by anticipating the next word in a sequence. In this work, Bert algorithm and Continuous Bag of Words(CBOW) are proposed to predict the next word in Arabic language, and predict the previous word. The Bert Algorithm is achieved the best accuracy , 90% for next word prediction, and 80% for previous word prediction . And, Continuous Bag of Words(CBOW) is achieved the best accuracy , 100% for next word prediction, and 100% for previous word prediction.
Optimized Modelling and Evaluation of Wireless Sensor Networks for Intrusion Detection in Military Applications
Authors: Mohammed Fayadh Sabah 
Published: January 2025

Wireless sensor networking is a promising technology with a wide range of applications, including health care and defense. The security of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a major concern, particularly for applications where confidentiality is of the utmost importance, because, despite their attractive features (e.g., low installation cost, unattended network operation), these networks do not have a physical line of defense. So, to run WSNs securely, it's important to identify breaches before attackers damage the network or the data sink or base station, which are the nodes that collect and store information. Enhancing the intrusion detection system was suggested in this study using a recurrent Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN) optimised using Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) and Coral Reef Optimisation (CRO). Successful intrusion detection has been achieved using the suggested method. When combined, PSO and CRO greatly enhance the efficacy and precision of threat identification. Everyone provides a novel and very effective method to resolve the vulnerabilities that endanger critical infrastructure and safeguard WSNs against them.
A Phonetic Description of Arabic Spoken by Indian Workers in Jordan
Authors: Khalifeh Khamaiseh Sora , Bader Yousef F. 
Published: January 2025

This study aims to provide an analysis of the pronunciation of Jordanian Arabic sounds when uttered by some Indian workers in Jordan. The sample consisted of ten participants working at Al-Hassan Industrial City in Irbid, north Jordan. Information was collected via individual conversations during which the participants were shown pictures and then asked several questions about their contents, so that the number of words produced by each participant was fifty at least. The information was analyzed by transcribing the conversations, comparing the pronunciation of each sound with the original pronunciation in Jordanian Arabic, and then noting the similarities and differences. The study found that Indian Jordanian Arabic shares sounds with Jordanian Arabic and these are: (b, t, d, k, f, z, ʃ, d͡ʒ, n, r, and w), in addition to the identical sounds (ʔ, s, h, m, l, and j). These sounds are originally present in the phonological system of their mother tongue, and this helped the participants to pronounce them correctly in many cases. The study also found that there were at least 11 sounds that the participants could not pronounce correctly and these are: (ʕ, ħ, q, x, ɣ, tˤ, dˤ, sˤ, θ, ð, and ðˤ). The participants managed their pronunciation of these consonants by changing articulation point, articulation manner, deleting some difficult sounds, or replacing them with sounds from their mother tongue, creating an interlanguage peculiar to Indian workers. Regarding vowels, the Indian interlanguage was characterized by using the schwa instead of the vowel /a/ and the diphthong /aj/ instead of /e:/. The study recommends conducting research on other aspects of the Indian Jordanian interlanguage such as syntax, morphology and semantics.
Exploring interpersonal functions of negation in linguistics research article introductions
Authors: Chen Zhemin , Bin Hamat Afendi , Abdul Rahman Anis Nadiah Binti Che 
Published: January 2025

Researchers often aim to capture readers’ attention through the development of introductions that are both engaging and appealing. While prior studies have examined the rhetorical characteristics of introductions in depth, little attention has been drawn to the interpersonal role of negation in introductions. This study seeks to remedy the oversight by exploring how negation functions as an interpersonal resource in research introductions. The study analyzed 70 research article introductions from prestigious linguistics journals (2017-2023). Using an interpersonal model of negation as our analytical framework, we identified negative markers and coded their interpersonal functions. It is found that “not”, “no”, “little”, and “few” are the most frequently used negative markers in introductions. Additionally, in terms of functional uses, expert writers tend to employ interactive negations, with a relatively higher frequency of negative markers that serve as hedging (within the interactional dimension) and as markers of consequence (within the interactive dimension) in their introductions. The analysis also reveals that the choice of negative markers in introductions is a sophisticated process governed by both the intended strength of negation and specific interpersonal purposes. The implications of these findings are further explored in relation to English for Academic Purposes writing research and pedagogy.