bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in Different Periods of Anti-Terrorist Operation in Eastern Ukraine (2014–2018)
Authors: Skriabin Oleksandr , Popkov Boris , Vanovska Inna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article reviews issues related to the use of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the anti-terrorist operation (ATO) in eastern Ukraine (2014-2018), which became a form of repel and deterrence of Russian aggression, began in Crimea in February 2014 and subsequently continued in eastern regions of Ukraine. According to the nature and consequences of hostilities, the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict is divided into initial and two main periods, within which a number of stages are defined, distinguished qualitatively in the nature and content of hostilities. The article shows how this affected the change of forms of the Armed Forces of Ukraine employment in the anti-terrorist operation. During the initial (Crimean) period, units and subdivisions of the Ukrainian army were not actually used to repel hybrid aggression of the Russian Federation, but later, when the Russian leadership began using a similar scenario of aggression in the eastern regions of Ukraine, the state responded with the armed fight. The authors believe that despite the swiftness of the first period, its events were characterized by frequent changes in the use of the Armed Forces of Ukraine - from patrolling and guarding important facilities to offensive, raid and search operations. The second period, according to the authors, was characterized by the conduct of the Ukrainian army’s defensive actions with the active use of maneuvers in various dangerous areas.
The Praetorian Guard, Rome’s Intelligence Service
Authors: Strechie Mădălina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRome was a kingdom, then a republic, and culminated in a militaristic empire. For this, the city of Mars invented, perfected and organized efficient institutions to carry out its plans, which extended it from the Italic Peninsula throughout the world on which Rome had a say. One of the most efficient institutions, the essence of the Roman executive power, was not thePrinceps, but thePraetorian Guard, a military and police institution, at the same time political, economic, but especially with the powers of a secret service, being one of the forerunners of European secret services, surpassing all that had existed until its functioning, not being matched to this day in terms of efficiency and impact in the life of a civilization. When founding the Principate, the Praetorian Guard was the one which transformed the imperial dream of Rome into a historical reality. The “wings of the Roman eagle” that spread over the world conquered by the Romans were Praetorian, if we consider that this institution was coordinated byordo equester, the tagma of Rome’s career officers, its headquarters, but also the government of Rome, the praetorian prefect also fulfilling the function which today we would call prime minister, the second man in the hierarchy of the Roman state, of course after theprinceps(the first of the citizens).Although as a military structure, the Praetorian Guard appeared with the professional Roman army, it reached its peak with the Principate, initially having a guard function for the Roman military commander, it became in time the most effective secret service of classical Antiquity. This success was due to the fact that the Romans were inspired by the Spartans (especially the Ephorian magistrates), but also by the Persians (from the administrative organization of the satrapies, the 10,000 immortals, and especially the royal postal service of Persia), the Roman creation being the most complete, therefore the etymology of the word “information” is Latin.From a military perspective, the Praetorian Guard was organized at all levels of a global society, such as Rome, covering informatively, politically, militarily, economically, but also diplomatically all Roman interests in the world controlled by Rome, being a true intelligence service. It was the first informative outpost in non-Roman territories, which had to be transformed into Roman territories, as was the case of Dacia.
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Development and its Implications for the Transition to Sustainable Development
Authors: Bucăţa George , Rizescu Alexandru-Marius 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis has revealed the vulnerability of people, societies and economies and has forced a rethinking of the economic and social activities of an organization. The crisis requires strong responses based on solidarity, cooperation and responsibility. Socio-economic organizations (associations, cooperatives, alliances, and social enterprises) whose business models are based on these principles can help reshape economies and societies after the crisis.
Knowledge Management in Military Organizations. A Seci Model Perspective
Authors: Șandor Andrei , Tonţ Gabriela 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Knowledge management is a multidisciplinary domain that involves people, technology, and processes. From these three components results a series of social, technical, and other implications which influences the way knowledge is created, stored, and transmitted through organizations. One way to express these processes is through the SECI model, based on the two types of knowledge: tacit and explicit. The four dimensions of the SECI model – socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization, have particular features from organization to organization, based on the domain of activity, organizational culture and other cultural influences, type of management, processes and so on. Considering that military organization have an essential role in assuring global security and they heavily rely on knowledge, the study of knowledge management from the SECI model point of view is important as it can offer a better understating on this domain and improve it in the studied field of activity.
Theoretical Guidelines Regarding Performance Audit in the Military Organization
Authors: Milandru Marius , Floştoiu Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the contemporary organizational environment, the internal public audit allows the management to develop its action capacity, thus ensuring that its strategy is correctly put in practice and the effects related to economy, efficiency and effectiveness are the expected ones. The implementation of the internal audit in the military organization represents a continuous and modern action that is part of the general effort to streamline the management of public institutions in Romania. The audit solutions must contribute to strengthening the stability of the military institution and to achieving its objectives, both domestically and internationally, in terms of anticipation and proper risk management, optimal use of the allocated resources and compliance with the existing legal framework.
Is De-Risking one of the Indications for an Emerging Competition between the Free Movement of Capital and the Anti-Money Laundering Regulations?
Authors: Palazov Petko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The report is dedicated to analysing the phenomenon of de-risking which may be considered as another indication for the arising competition between the regulatory effect of the anti-money laundering regulation and the deregulatory effect of the liberalization of capital movements within the European Union. The author’s attention is focused on the triggering events for both liberalization of capital movements and de-risking, definition of the phenomenon de-risking and its impact on the free movement of capital and payments.
Transforming Romania into a Knowledge Economy Through ICT - Current Developments
Authors: Tocan Mădălina , Chindriş-Văsioiu Oana , Cristea Anca , Mărginean Ileana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In a society dependent on information, knowledge seems to be the only power that guarantees socio-economic development and progress. The knowledge is considered to be the driving force of economic growth and a resource that can provide sustainable competitive advantage and for this reason generates a great interest in understanding knowledge, information, technology, learning and their role in social economic life.
In this society in which knowledge occupies an important place, information and communication technology represents an important pillar because without it the transmission of knowledge cannot be achieved. From this perspective, this paper tries to present the current stage of development of the ICT sector in Romania and to propose some solutions to improve it.
Definitions Establishing the Scope of Harmonization in the Field of Consumer Credits. Comparative Aspects
Authors: Țîrlea Mariana Rodica 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The sphere of consumer loans implies protection, knowledge, anticipatory regulations, flexibility, adaptability leading to the elaboration of a modern, clear legislation and an efficient internal credit market. Clear, explicit and clear legislation contributes to increasing the trust of customers, consumers and effectively to their protection. The European Directive states that: “in order to ensure consumer confidence, it is important that the market provides them with a sufficient degree of protection” [1]. In this way, the demand and supply of loans can be achieved in optimal conditions, both for professionals who offer loans and for credit consumers. A sufficient degree of protection ensures the confidence of credit consumers. In this sense, the concept of complete harmonization, from the perspective of the European Directive is seen as necessary in order to achieve a high level of interest of consumers and professionals. Legislation easily understood by the parties involved in credit agreements, does not leave room for some interpretations. For this reason, we appreciate the fact that the presentation of the definitions, the transparency in the knowledge of their meaning represent one of the important measures of protection of the customers consuming loans.
The Dialogical Attitude. the Priviledge of Dialogue in the Digital Age
Authors: Ilie Oana-Antonia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present paper aims to present some of the contradictions regarding the possibility of dialogue in the digital era. Communication ethics from a dialogic perspective emphasizes commitment to difference and alterity as key aspects of identity building, learning and critical thinking. A dialogical attitude is considered to be the foundation of any authentic communication, as being opposed to the monological arrogance, and as a first precondition of self-development. Despite the skepticism, internet communication can present dialogic characteristics. Social presence and media richness are two of the indicators of a dialogic digital interaction. Although some difficulties may occur, as the absent presence or the multitasking, researchers claim that difference will remain the fuel for the dialogic call of the 21th century communication, whether we will be ready to dialogically answer it or not.
Opinions on the Contribution of the Bio-Psycho-Physical Component in Military Confrontations Carried Out in Extreme Conditions
Authors: Stănciulescu Robert , Tarnu Lucian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The adaptation of the fighter to the combat situations within the different missions, as well as the need to face any request coming up during the confrontations, imposes an extremely complex training system. Having an essential role in combat, the fighter must acquire qualities both in terms of mental, biological and physical features. Due to the threats that hang over the fighters at any time in this type of conflicts, the emphasis in their training is aimed at training in conditions as close to the existing reality as possible, with a focus on the impact that the battlefield has on his psyche and physique, so that at the same time he can adapt his systems of action of the body to the requirements of any nature imposed by each mission. The paper highlights that the process of training this type of fighters includes, among the training pillars, physical and mental training as a support for exceptional training and effective exercise of roles and missions entrusted to the military organization in peacetime, in situations of crisis and especially at war. In the economics of the formative process, physical and mental training represents the essence of a high level of acquiring the qualities specific to the successful conduct of combat, a fact for which their development has been and will always remain a priority objective throughout the continuous training of fighters.
The Role of Lobbying in the Decision-Making Process in the European Union
Authors: Stoilova Veronika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Lobbying in the modern world is becoming part of decision-making processes at the local, state, supranational and global levels. The lobbying process is characterized by the use of various techniques and tools, which is why there are many definitions. In the European Union, it is perceived as a European representation of interests, through which different groups try to influence the decision-making process in the various institutions. Lobbying is often referred to when it is necessary to describe a particular political process, event or phenomenon that has not reached the general public or has remained opaque due to its specific nature. As lobbying becomes increasingly important, this article aims to clarify what lobbying is and what its legitimate and acceptable forms are. It is not without reason that there is a general distrust of the lobbying process and, in particular, of the real intentions of lobbyists. Therefore, many people believe that such activities distort the political process in terms of transparency, integrity and influence. Given the sensitive nature of the topic of lobbying, some good practices from existing lobbying rules at European level will also be considered.
Disinformation as a Threat to the Quality of Contemporary Information
Authors: Turchenko Yuliia , Horiacheva Kira , Dzhus Oleksandr , Kolisnyk Oleh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to the intensification of local conflicts in the world, ensuring the quality of information is a pressing problem, which is complicated by the lack of a unified methodological framework that allows for an adequate assessment of information threats. Current methods often do not take into account the nature of the interaction of various negative factors and give an assessment only on a qualitative level. The difficulty of analyzing risks in the information sphere lies in the fact that in order to achieve adequate assessments it is necessary to take into account a large number of factors that are in a complex dependence on one another. This article describes the negative influence of disinformation on social and political processes in the state. For the study we use the experience of the United States and Great Britain during significant political events, the experience of information operations in social networks. We also agree that there are many threats to the quality of information in the modern world. One of these threats is disinformation, which inevitably manipulates reality and facts in order to cause harm or financial gain. The article states that disinformation breeds discontent, distrust of state institutions, undermines the legitimacy of power, generates unwarranted tension in the society, as well as curtails public debate and threatens the quality of information.
Modelling and Simulation as a Service – an Emergent Concept that Supports the Military Education and Training Process Continuity
Authors: Coman Marin-Marian , Bârsan Ghiță , Piele Cosmin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the last years, the NATO Modelling and Simulation Group (NMSG) has started to develop and put into practice an emergent concept named “Modelling and Simulation as a Service” (MSaaS) with the purpose to provide a permanent service and cloud-based modelling and simulation (M&S) ecosystem to be used by NATO and partner nations. The new M&S ecosystem will help to project and expand the ways of using M&S capabilities for achieving interoperability between participating simulation systems and ensuring credibility of results. This paper presents, on one hand, the development phases of MSaaS, the benefits and steps that have to be done in the future for its implementation at NATO level, and on the other hand, it makes an extrapolation between business continuity concept and MSaaS concept in terms of ensuring the military education and training process continuity when a crisis situation occurs.
Application of Spectral and Wavelet Analysis of Stator Current to Detect Angular Misalignment in PMSM Drive Systems
Authors: Pietrzak Przemysław , Wolkiewicz Marcin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the selected methods of detecting angular misalignment in drive systems with a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which are based on the analysis of the stator phase current signal, as well as their experimental verification and comparison. The proposed and compared methods are spectral analysis and wavelet analysis of the stator current, stator current envelope, stator current space vector module. Furthermore, the influence of power supply frequency and load torque on the performance of the proposed diagnostic methods is also discussed. The experimental tests were carried out for an undamaged motor and for two levels of angular misalignment. The article discusses the question of exactly what damage symptoms can be extracted from each of the methods. In the case of spectral analyses, it is demonstrated which multiplicities of the failure frequency are the most sensitive to misalignment and the least sensitive to changes in motor operating condition, which may be considered novel in the case of drive systems with permanent magnet motors. It is also proven that discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of the envelope and monitoring of the value of the relevant components allows the detection of misalignment with the availability of measuring current only in one phase in various motor operating conditions.
Acute side effects after definitive stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for patients with clinically localized or locally advanced prostate cancer: a single institution prospective study
Authors: Jorgo Kliton , Polgar Csaba , Stelczer Gabor , Major Tibor , Gesztesi Laszlo , Agoston Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to evaluate acute side effects after extremely hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for definitive treatment of prostate cancer patients.

Patients and methods
Between February 2018 and August 2019, 205 low-, intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients were treated with SBRT using “CyberKnife M6” linear accelerator. In low-risk patients 7.5–8 Gy was delivered to the prostate gland by each fraction. For intermediate- and high-risk disease a dose of 7.5–8 Gy was delivered to the prostate and 6–6.5 Gy to the seminal vesicles by each fraction with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique. A total of 5 fractions (total dose 37.5–40 Gy) were given on every second working day. Acute radiotherapy-related genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) side effects were assessed using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scoring system.

Results
Of the 205 patients (28 low-, 115 intermediate-, 62 high-risk) treated with SBRT, 203 (99%) completed the radiotherapy as planned. The duration of radiation therapy was 1 week and 3 days. The frequencies of acute radiotherapy-related side effects were as follows: GU grade 0 – 17.1%, grade I – 30.7%, grade II – 50.7%, grade III – 1.5%; and GI grade 0 – 62.4%, grade I–31.7%, grade II–5.9%, grade III–0%. None of the patients developed grade ≥ 4 acute toxicity.

Conclusions
SBRT with a total dose of 37.5–40 Gy in 5 fractions appears to be a safe and well tolerated treatment option in patients with prostate cancer, associated with slight or moderate early side effects. Longer follow-up is needed to evaluate long-term toxicity and biochemical control.
Effect of Modifying Aggregates by Rap and the Simultaneous use of Adhesives for the Stabilization of a Sandy Pavement Subgrade
Authors: Khabiri Mohammad Mehdi , Ebrahimialavijeh Bahareh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The improvement, reconstruction and repair of roads in recent years have increased the content of recycled asphalt in pavements. Using these materials in road construction projects because they reduce the costs, will also be of great help in improving environmental issues. In the present study, dune sand, which can be found in most desert area soil but does not have proper strength and loading capacity for a subgrade, was used. In order to increase the strength parameters of dune sand, various contents of cement and recycled asphalt were examined in California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and compressive strength tests. The results showed that the addition of cement and recycled asphalt can increase compressive strength and bearing capacity and reduce rupture deformations. In a stabilized sample with 27.5% recycled asphalt, increasing the cement from 7.5 to 12.5% increased the compressive strength by 1.045 times, which is the highest amount of change in the samples studied. The maximum CBR and minimum rupture deformations are related to 35% of the recycled asphalt and 12.5% of the cement. The predicted functions of the compressive strength, deformation and CBR depend on two variables of the cement content; the recycled asphalt was then calculated using the response surface method
Comparative analysis of Activated Corn Cob and Bentonite Clay for the Removal of Lead and Nickel from Raw Water
Authors: Akomah Uchechi , Nwaogazie Ify Lawrence , Akaranta Onyewuchi , David Adekunle Olorunlowo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The extensive use of commercial activated carbon as an adsorbent for the purification of industrial effluent is not economical for small and medium-sized enterprises due to its high operational cost. This study was carried out to compare the adsorptive capacity of bentonite clay and activated corn cob (“BC” and “ACC”) for the removal of lead (II) and nickel (II) ions from an aqueous solution. The results obtained from the characterization of the BC and ACC are pH: 7.43 and 6.74; moisture content: 36.45kg/kg and 12.10kg/kg, and bulk density: 1.243g/ml and 1.162g/ml, respectively. Normality tests using the coefficient of skewness indicated that the set of data was not normally distributed. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test conducted using Friedman’s 2-way ANOVA test indicated p values of 0.0253 against an alpha value of 0.05, which indicates significance. The Friedman results indicated significance with respect to the varied dosages, initial concentrations, and contact time. The effect of the adsorbent was not significant. The adsorption isotherms were analysed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. Most research studies have shown that adsorption experiments performed using most low-cost materials tend to follow the Freundlich adsorption isotherm, but the results of this experimental study proved that activated corn cob and bentonite clay performed better with the Temkin adsorption isotherm with 0.879 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.917 for the bentonite clay and 0.9572 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.99 for the activated corn cob respectively. The study revealed that these materials are good adsorbents that can be used for the removal of lead (II) and nickel (II) ions from an aqueous solution.