bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in microarray 3D bioprinting for high-throughput spheroid and tissue culture and analysis
Authors: Shrestha Sunil , Lekkala Vinod Kumar Reddy , Acharya Prabha , Siddhpura Darshita , Lee Moo-Yeal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture in vitro has proven to be more physiologically relevant than two-dimensional (2D) culture of cell monolayers, thus more predictive in assessing efficacy and toxicity of compounds. There have been several 3D cell culture techniques developed, which include spheroid and multicellular tissue cultures. Cell spheroids have been generated from single or multiple cell types cultured in ultralow attachment (ULA) well plates and hanging droplet plates. In general, cell spheroids are formed in a relatively short period of culture, in the absence of extracellular matrices (ECMs), via gravity-driven self-aggregation, thus having limited ability to self-organization in layered structure. On the other hand, multicellular tissue cultures including miniature tissues derived from pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells (a.k.a. ‘organoids’) and 3D bioprinted tissue constructs require biomimetic hydrogels or ECMs and show highly ordered structure due to spontaneous self-organization of cells during differentiation and maturation processes. In this short review article, we summarize traditional methods of spheroid and multicellular tissue cultures as well as their technical challenges, and introduce how droplet-based, miniature 3D bioprinting (‘microarray 3D bioprinting’) can be used to improve assay throughput and reproducibility for high-throughput, predictive screening of compounds. Several platforms including a micropillar chip and a 384-pillar plate developed to facilitate miniature spheroid and tissue cultures via microarray 3D bioprinting are introduced. We excluded microphysiological systems (MPSs) in this article although they are important tissue models to simulate multiorgan interactions.
A new pilot directional protection method for HVDC line based on the polarity of inductive energy
Authors: Ma Jing , Kang Jingya , Zhou Yiqing , Wu Yuchong , Cheng Peng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConcerning the poor immunity of DC line protection to fault resistance in the case of internal fault and its mal‐operation proneness in the case of external fault, a new pilot directional protection scheme for HVDC line in AC/DC hybrid system based on the polarity of inductive energy is proposed. First, by analysing the conducting state of converter at different time sections, the impedance characteristic equations of converter in different commutation failure scenes are derived. On this basis, by combining the impedance characteristics of other components in DC system, the fault component network of an AC/DC hybrid system consisting of inductive impedances is established. Then, according to the difference in the flowing direction of the inductive energy in the fault component networks of internal and external faults, a protection criterion for identifying internal and external faults is constructed. Finally, simulation tests in RT‐LAB verify that, the proposed method can accurately identify internal and external faults in different fault cases, unaffected by commutation failure and lightning interference and highly immune to the fault resistance. Besides, the proposed method does not involve real‐time interaction of synchronous information, thus it is simple and reliable.
Discrete‐time modelling and stability analysis of wireless power transfer system
Authors: Hu Xiufang , Wang Yue , Ma Tianlu , Lyu Shuangqing , Gao Guoqing , Lei Wanjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWireless power transfer (WPT) has been widely used in recent years due to its convenient access to power and security in some specific cases. However, the inherent non‐linearity of the WPT system can result in unexpected stability problems. In this paper, the stability issue of voltage‐mode controlled inductor‐capacitor‐capacitor and series (LCC/S) compensated WPT system is studied for the first time. The discrete‐time model is first introduced to establish the voltage‐mode proportional (P) controlled and proportional integral (PI) controlled LCC/S compensated WPT system. Meanwhile, a modelling method of PI controller without introducing new state variables is proposed in this paper. Then, with the bifurcation diagram and eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix, the stability of the LCC/S compensated WPT system is analysed with respect to the proportional coefficient and integral coefficient of the controller. Furthermore, by studying the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix, the stability boundary can be obtained. In addition, how the load and mutual inductance affect the stability boundary is investigated compressively, the law of influence provided by the operating condition upon the stability can be concluded. Finally, simulation and experimental measurements are provided to verify the accuracy of the discrete‐time model and the effectiveness of the theoretical stability analysis.
Particle-in-cell simulation of plasma emission in solar radio bursts
Authors: Li T. M. , Li C. , Chen P. F. , Ding W. J. 
Published: July 2021

Aims. The present study aims to shed light on our understanding of the radiation processes of solar radio bursts associated with nonthermal electron propagation in the corona and interplanetary space.
Methods. We performed 2.5-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to investigate the plasma emission excited by a relativistic electron beam using different pitch angles in the magnetized plasma.
Results. Langmuir waves at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies were excited via the energy dissipation of the electron beam. For the first time, the backward Langmuir waves up to the third harmonic frequencies were reproduced in the cases of large pitch angles, likely arising from the relecting and scattering of density fluctuations to the Langmuir waves during electrom beam-plasma interaction. Electromagnetic (EM) waves were generated via the mode conversion of electrostatic (ES) waves and the nonlinear wave coupling. Specifically, the harmonic EM emission comes from the coupling of forward and backward Langmuir waves, namely, L + L′ → 2H, while the higher harmonic EM emissions generally come from the coupling of the Langmuir wave and lower-order harmonic EM wave, namely, L + (n − 1)H → nH. When the electron beam exhibits a large pitch angle, another possible mechanism for the third harmonic EM emission might be the coalescence of three ES waves, namely, L + L′ + L″ → 3H.
R-matrix electron-impact excitation data for the O-like iso-electronic sequence
Authors: Mao Junjie , Badnell N. R. , Del Zanna G. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Astrophysical plasma codes are built on atomic databases. In the current atomic databases, R-matrix electron-impact excitation data of O-like ions are limited. The accuracy of plasma diagnostics with O-like ions depends on the availability and accuracy of the atomic data. This is particularly relevant in the context of future observatories equipped with the next generation of high-resolution spectrometers.
Aims. We aim to obtain level-resolved effective collision strengths of O-like ions from Ne III to Zn XXIII (i.e. Ne2+ to Zn22+) over a wide range of temperatures. This includes transitions up to nl = 5d for each ion. We also aim to assess the accuracy of the new data, as well as their impact on solar atmosphere plasma diagnostics, compared to those available within the CHIANTI database.
Methods. Large-scale R-matrix intermediate coupling frame transformation calculations were performed systematically for the O-like iso-electronic sequence. For each ion, 630 fine-structure levels were included in both the configuration interaction target and close-coupling collision expansions.
Results. Our results (energy levels, oscillator strengths, and effective collision strengths) of selected ions across the iso-electronic sequence are compared with those in archival databases and the literature. For the selected ions throughout the iso-electronic sequence, we find general agreement with the few previous R-matrix calculations of collision strengths. We illustrate the improvements for a few solar plasma diagnostics over existing CHIANTI atomic models based on distorted wave (DW) data. The electron-impact excitation data are archived according to the Atomic Data and Analysis Structure (ADAS) data class adf04 and will be available in OPEN-ADAS.
Analysis of apsidal motion in eclipsing binaries using TESS data
Authors: Claret A. , Giménez A. , Baroch D. , Ribas I. , Morales J. C. , Anglada-Escudé G. 
Published: July 2021

Context. The measurement of apsidal motion rates in eccentric eclipsing binaries is a unique way to gain insight into the internal structure of stars through the internal density concentration parameter, k2. High-quality physical parameters of the stellar components, together with precise measurements of the advance of the periastron, are needed for the comparison with values derived from models.
Aims. As a product of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, high-precision light curves of a large number of eclipsing binaries are now available. Using a selection of well-studied, double-lined eccentric eclipsing binary systems, we aim to determine their apsidal motion rates and place constraints on the internal density concentration and compare with the predictions from state-of-the-art theoretical models.
Methods. We computed times of minimum light using the TESS light curves of 34 eclipsing binaries with precise absolute parameters. We used the changing difference over time between primary and secondary eclipse timings to determine the apsidal motion rate. To extend the time baseline, we combined the high-precision TESS timings with reliable archival data. On the other hand, for each component of our sample of double-lined eclipsing binaries, we computed grids of evolutionary stellar models for the observed stellar mass exploring ranges of values of the overshooting parameter fov, the mixing-length parameter, and the metallicity. To find the best solution for the two components we adopted a χ2 statistic to infer the optimal values of the overshooting parameter and the mixing-length parameter. The theoretical internal structure constants to be compared with the observed values were calculated by integrating the differential equations of Radau for each stellar model.
Results. We have determined the apsidal motion rate of 27 double-lined eclipsing binaries with precise physical parameters. The obtained values, corrected for their relativistic contribution, yield precise empirical parameters of the internal stellar density concentration. The comparison of these results with the predictions based on new theoretical models shows very good agreement. Small deviations are identified but remain within the observational uncertainties and the path for a refined comparison is indicated.
Ethische, psychosoziale und rechtliche Aspekte der Behandlung hirntoter Schwangerer
Authors: Reinhold Ann-Kristin , Markus Christian K. , Kredel Markus , Beckmann Rainer , Muellges Wolfgang , Rehn Monika , Wöckel Achim , Meybohm Patrick , Roewer Norbert , Kranke Peter 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Therapie Schwangerer mit irreversiblem Hirnfunktionsausfall ist ein Extrembeispiel nicht nur für die Möglichkeiten moderner Intensivmedizin, sondern auch für die daraus resultierenden ethischen, sozialen und rechtlichen Spannungsfelder, die für Mediziner kein vertrautes Terrain sind. Im Folgenden wird der Fall einer in der 9. SSW verunfallten Patientin mit infauster Prognose bei massivem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma und anamnestischem Wunsch zur Organspende vorgestellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden anhand ausgewählter Fälle aus der Literatur verschiedene Aspekte beleuchtet: die Frage der Therapiezielfestlegung, insbesondere Palliation vs. Fortführung; die Implikationen einer Hirntoddiagnostik; betreuungsrechtliche Überlegungen; Einbindung der Angehörigen, v. a. des Kindsvaters; Dynamiken im Behandlungsteam sowie schließlich die Frage einer möglichen Organspende. Das Fallbeispiel verdeutlicht zudem, dass auch bei denkbar ungünstigen Rahmenbedingungen und dem Zusammenkommen
scheinbar unvereinbarer Faktoren eine Schwangerschaft überraschend unbeeinträchtigt ausgetragen werden kann. Die recherchierten Fakten und Erwägungen sowie die zitierte weiterführende Literatur in diesem Artikel sollen einen Überblick über potenzielle Dilemmata verschaffen und als fundierter Ausgangspunkt für ähnlich gelagerte Fälle dienen.
Is Telemedicine the Preferred Visit Modality in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes?
Authors: Kirzhner Alena , Zornitzki Taiba , Ostrovsky Viviana , Knobler Hilla , Schiller Tal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic limits access to diabetes clinics. Remote communication by phone calls and WhatsApp messages became available in the past years. However, the current need to avoid face-to-face meetings necessitates further expansion of telemedicine services. There are limited data whether the option of virtual meetings is a preferred therapeutic modality for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Objective To assess in a cohort of T1D patients, their preference and perception of telemedicine.
Methods T1D patients who are followed in a hospital-affiliated diabetes clinic were asked to fill a structured questionnaire aimed to determine their attitude towards telemedicine and their preference of virtual versus conventional visits. The questionnaire was offered to consecutive T1D patients who visited the clinic between August to October 2020.
Results Seventy one T1D patients that fulfilled the questionnaire were included. Median age was 38 years, 39% were male, and median duration of diabetes was 18 years. Fourteen percent of the participants preferred only virtual visits, 24% only conventional visits and 62% preferred a combination of these modalities. Sex, origin, education, duration of diabetes, mode of insulin treatment and distance from the clinic were not associated with patients' preference, but older patients (≥ 61 years) tended to prefer conventional visits. Sixty-six percent felt confident in their ability to download data from their personal medical devices.
Conclusions Patients from a wide range of treatment modalities are willing to use telemedicine. However, virtual meetings cannot fully replace conventional visits in T1D especially in the older age group.
Candida albicans Osteochondromyelitis after Gastroesophageal Surgery: Two Case Reports
Authors: Meiwandi Abdulwares , Zirngibl Hubert , Bozkurt Ahmet 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCandida osteochondromyelitis is a rare complication after thoracoabdominal surgery. We herein report two such cases after uncomplicated thoracoabdominal surgery, who presented with chronic postsurgical site infection and fistula. CT scans showed fistulas reaching the costochondral areas of the fifth rib. Inflammatory parameters were not elevated. Both patients were treated successfully after the initiation of systemic antimycotic treatment and surgical debridement. We conclude that C. albicans infections should always be considered in cases of chronic postoperative surgical site infections after thoracoabdominal surgery. Additional risk factors do not need to be present. Appropriate therapy consists of the application of systemic antimycotics and surgical debridement.
Determination of Factors to Distinguish MIS-C from Acute Appendicitis in Children with Acute Abdominal Pain
Authors: Azılı Müjdem Nur , Güney Doğuş , Oztorun Can Ihsan , Ertürk Ahmet , Erten Elif Emel , Demir Sabri , Ertoy Ayşe , Emeksiz Serhat , Parlakay Aslınur Ozkaya , Celikel Banu Acar , Senel Emrah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to make the differential diagnosis between acute appendicitis and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) for patients presenting with the complaint of acute abdominal pain (AAP) and to identify the determining factors for the diagnosis of MIS-C.
Materials and Methods Eighty-one children presenting with AAP/suspected AAP were evaluated. Of these, 24 (29.6%) were included in the MIS-C group (MIS-C/g) and 57 were included in the suspected appendicitis group (S-A/g), which consisted of two subgroups: appendicitis group (A/g) and control observation group (CO/g).
Results Comparing MIS-C/g, A/g, and CO/g, duration of abdominal pain (2.4, 1.5, 1.8 days), high-grade fever (38.8, 36.7, 37°C), severe vomiting, and severe diarrhea were higher in MIS-C/g. Lymphocytes count (LC) was lower, while values of C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and coagulopathy were higher in MIS-C/g (p < 0.05). The optimal cutoffs for the duration of abdominal pain was 2.5 days; the duration of fever, 1.5 days; peak value of fever, 39°C; neutrophil count, 13,225 × 1,000 cell/µMoL; LC, 600 × 1,000 cell/µMoL; ferritin, 233 µg/L; and D-dimer, 16.4 mg/L (p < 0.05). The optimal cutoff for CRP was 130 mg/L (sensitivity 88.9, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, NPV, negative predictive value 92.5%, p < 0.001). All patients in MIS-C/g tested positive by serology by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Conclusion The duration of abdominal pain, presence of high-grade and prolonged fever, and evaluation of hemogram in terms of high neutrophil count and low LC exhibit high sensitivity and negative predictive value for MIS-C presenting with AAP. In case of doubt, inflammatory markers such as CRP, ferritin, D-dimer, and serology for SARS-CoV-2 should be studied to confirm the diagnosis.
Experience of Uncommon EGFR Mutation in Lung Scheme Quality Program: Discussing Risks and Opportunities for the Improvement of Laboratory Response
Authors: Pancrazzi Alessandro , Ognibene Agostino , Moncada Alice , Torre Valerio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground The quality programs can be considered to be a valuable tool for global and individual growth. Each result, obtained by a single laboratory, contributes to define the standardization of the response. In the case of the uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, the molecular result is sometimes difficult to interpret in terms of biological significance and therapy choosing. The standardization effort in the diagnostic lung setting also consists of active quality program participation.Materials and Methods The quality control analysis, which is defined as a clinical case, was performed by the extraction of DNA from FFPE sections and by RT-PCR on the EGFR (exons 19, 20, 21), BRAF, and KRAS genes. The laboratory performed a validation sequencing of EGFR exon 20 with the help of the Sanger method.Results The laboratory reported positivity for EGFR exon 20 insertions and negative results for BRAF and KRAS. The quality test finished with the redaction of a report containing the recommendation to consider the efficacy of therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). This specific interpretation has determined poor performance judgment by the quality provider, which explained why most of these mutations are TKI-resistant.Conclusions This experience provides an opportunity to reflect on the critical aspects of this diagnostic setting. The detection of some uncommon EGFR mutations should entail the mutation characterization, especially for the rare exon 20 insertions, of which are not classifiable as “resistant.” Moreover, this experience allows reflecting on the quality program design, mandatory actions for the laboratory, and routine activity in the oncologic multidisciplinary team.
A singular elliptic problem involving fractional p-Laplacian and a discontinuous critical nonlinearity
Authors: Saoudi Kamel , Panda Akasmika , Choudhuri Debajyoti 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to prove the existence of solution to a nonlinear nonlocal elliptic problem with a singularity and a discontinuous critical nonlinearity, which is given as (−Δ)psu= μg(x,u)+λuγ+H(u−α)ups*−1inΩ,u&gt;0inΩ, with the zero Dirichlet boundary condition. Here, Ω⊂RN is a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary, s ∈ (0, 1), 2&lt;p&lt;Ns, γ ∈ (0, 1), λ, μ &gt; 0, α ≥ 0 is real, ps*=NpN−sp is the fractional critical Sobolev exponent, and H is the Heaviside function, i.e., H(a) = 0 if a ≤ 0 and H(a) = 1 if a &gt; 0. Under suitable assumptions on the function g, the existence of solution to the problem has been established. Furthermore, it will be shown that as α → 0+, the sequence of solutions of the problem for each such α converges to a solution of the problem for which α = 0.
Arrest of WNT/β-catenin signaling enables the transition from pluripotent to differentiated germ cells in mouse ovaries
Authors: Le Rolle Morgane , Massa Filippo , Siggers Pam , Turchi Laurent , Loubat Agnès , Koo Bon-Kyoung , Clevers Hans , Greenfield Andy , Schedl Andreas , Chaboissier Marie-Christine , Chassot Anne-Amandine 
Published: July 2021

Significance
In the mammalian ovary, primordial germ cells maintain a genomic program associated with pluripotency until they stop proliferating, move toward oogenesis, and enter meiosis. The molecular mechanisms that enable primordial germ cells to exit pluripotency and enter meiosis in a timely manner are unclear, and their identification represents a major challenge in reproductive biology because the fertility of each individual depends on this. Evidence that cessation of germ cell proliferation is a cell-autonomous event, unrelated to the number of cell divisions, led to a search for an intrinsic timing mechanism that has long remained elusive. We describe here that WNT/β-catenin signaling regulates this timing and coordinates the transition from pluripotent to gametogenesis-competent germ cells.
Exploring the origins of the indentation size effect at submicron scales
Authors: Ma Xiaolong , Higgins Wesley , Liang Zhiyuan , Zhao Dexin , Pharr George M. , Xie Kelvin Y. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceDownscaling material structure into ever-decreasing levels for modern technological advancements demands small-scale mechanical characterizations of materials, such as nanoindentation. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of indentation size effect (ISE) has a far-reaching impact, but such understanding remains incomplete at the submicron scale despite a decades-long quest since the 1980s. Here, we explored the origins of this effect experimentally by linking dislocation behavior evolution with nanoindentation mechanical data at various depths. Importantly, the dislocation behavior is found to be strongly depth dependent and gives rise to subgrain formation progressively. Aided by subgrain boundaries, the ISE mechanism transitions from dislocation source starvation to dislocation interaction as indentation depth increases. The critical mechanism transition elucidates the distinctive ISE behavior at the submicron scale.
Galectin-3 promotes noncanonical inflammasome activation through intracellular binding to lipopolysaccharide glycans
Authors: Lo Tzu-Han , Chen Hung-Lin , Yao Cheng-I , Weng I-Chun , Li Chi-Shan , Huang Chi-Chun , Chen Nien-Jung , Lin Chun-Hung , Liu Fu-Tong 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceCytosolic lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) induce oligomerization of caspase-4/5/11, resulting in pyroptosis, but the involvement of any other host resistance factors in this process is unknown. Galectins bind to components of pathogenic microorganisms, particularly LPSs, in a glycan-dependent manner. However, these proteins are mainly present intracellularly, and little is known regarding their functions associated with binding to components of microorganisms, including LPSs, in the cytosol. Here, we report that galectin-3 recognizes cytosolic LPSs from various bacteria and amplifies LPS-induced caspase-4/11 oligomerization and activation, causing more intense pyroptosis in a carbohydrate-dependent manner. This study defines a unique molecular mechanism based on the carbohydrate-binding and self-association properties of galectin-3, through which this glycan-binding protein enhances cytosolic LPS-induced noncanonical inflammasome activation in macrophages.