bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point‐of‐CareUltrasound Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Patients WithCOVID‐19
Authors: Kumar Andre , Weng Isabel , Graglia Sally , Lew Thomas , Gandhi Kavita , Lalani Farhan , Chia David , Duanmu Youyou , Jensen Trevor , Lobo Viveta , Nahn Jeffrey , Iverson Nicholas , Rosenthal Molly , Gordon Alexandra June , Kugler John 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) detects the pulmonary manifestations of COVID‐19 and may predict patient outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study at four hospitals from March 2020 to January 2021 to evaluate lung POCUS and clinical outcomes of COVID‐19. Inclusion criteria included adult patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 who received lung POCUS with a 12‐zone protocol.Each image was interpreted by two reviewers blinded to clinical outcomes. Our primary outcome was the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission versus no ICU admission. Secondary outcomes included intubation and supplemental oxygen usage.ResultsN = 160 patients were included. Among critically ill patients, B‐lines (94 vs 76%;P < .01) and consolidations (70 vs 46%;P < .01) were more common. For scans collected within 24 hours of admission (N = 101 patients), early B‐lines (odds ratio [OR] 4.41 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.71–14.30];P < .01) or consolidations (OR 2.49 [95% CI: 1.35–4.86];P < .01) were predictive of ICU admission. Early consolidations were associated with oxygen usage after discharge (OR 2.16 [95% CI: 1.01–4.70];P = .047). Patients with a normal scan within 24 hours of admission were less likely to require ICU admission (OR 0.28 [95% CI: 0.09–0.75];P < .01) or supplemental oxygen (OR 0.26 [95% CI: 0.11–0.61];P < .01). Ultrasound findings did not dynamically change over a 28‐day scanning window after symptom onset.ConclusionsLung POCUS findings detected within 24 hours of admission may provide expedient risk stratification for important COVID‐19 clinical outcomes, including future ICU admission or need for supplemental oxygen. Conversely, a normal scan within 24 hours of admission appears protective. POCUS findings appeared stable over a 28‐day scanning window, suggesting that these findings, regardless of their timing, may have clinical implications.
Autologous fat grafting in the face and neck: Multinational trends and knowledge of the safety, applications, and indications considering oncologic risk potential
Authors: Fiedler Lukas S , Saleh Daniel B , Mukrowsky Alicia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutologous fat grafting (AFG) is evolving in both aesthetic and reconstructive applications, since the body of evidence for its use has expanded. The earliest controversies were evident in lipofilling for oncological breast reconstruction, and to this day, some countries do not allow it for fear of inducing tumourigenesis in an oncologically ablated field.MethodsWe sought to review contemporary harvesting and processing techniques for AFG in the craniofacial region, therefore distributed a survey to evaluate the clinical impact of oncological risk across four European countries.ResultsWe found no significant geographical differences between the German‐speaking and the English groups concerning their harvesting and processing technique. Half of our respondents discuss the possibility of pro‐oncologic behavior of AFG.ConclusionAFG harvesting and processing techniques do not considerably vary by geography. Further studies should evaluate oncologic risk potential of AFG in head and neck tumor sites, especially because there is no excellent article regarding this phenomenon.Level of Evidence: V
Thermal Induced Polymerization of l‐Lysine forms Branched Particles with Blue Fluorescence
Authors: Stagi Luigi , Malfatti Luca , Caboi Francesca , Innocenzi Plinio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe polycondensation of amino acids can originate complex polymers that display fascinating structural and optical properties. Thermally induced amidation of l‐lysine allows forming a branched polymer without the support of any catalyst. The polycondensation is completed at 240–250 °C; at higher temperatures, the amino acid degrades. The obtained polylysine particles have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy that allow for investigating the different steps of the synthesis. The resulting structure is characterized by peculiar optical properties, e.g., excitation‐dependent blue fluorescence and good quantum efficiency. Hydrogen bonds and the interactions of the amino acids are considered responsible for the optical properties of both l‐lysine monomer solutions at high concentrations and the branched nanopolymers.
Liver DCE‐MRI registration based on sparse recovery of contrast agent curves
Authors: Sun Yuhang , Zhu Qiaoyun , Huang Meiyan , Shen Dinggang , Zhou Yujia , Feng Qianjin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeDynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) registration is a challenging task because of the effect of remarkable intensity changes caused by contrast agent injections. Unrealistic deformation usually occurs by using traditional intensity‐based algorithms. To alleviate the effect of contrast agent on registration, we proposed a DCE‐MRI registration strategy and investigated the registration performance on the clinical DCE‐MRI time series of liver.MethodWe reconstructed the time–intensity curves of the contrast agent through sparse representation with a predefined dictionary whose columns were the time–intensity curves with high correlations with respect to a preselected contrast agent curve. After reshaping 1D‐reconstructed contrast agent time–intensity curves into a 4D contrast agent time series, we aligned the original time series to the reconstructed contrast agent time series through traditional free‐form deformation (FFD) registration scheme combined with a residual complexity (RC) similarity and an iterative registration strategy. This study included the DCE‐MRI time series of 20 patients with liver cancer.ResultsQualitatively, the time‐cut images and subtraction images of different registration methods did not obviously differ. Quantitatively, the mean (standard deviation) of temporal intensity smoothness of all the patients achieved 54.910 (18.819), 54.609 (18.859), and 53.391 (19.031) in FFD RC, RDDR, Zhou et al.’s method and the proposed method, respectively. The mean (standard deviation) of changes in the lesion volume were 0.985 (0.041), 0.983 (0.041), 0.981 (0.046), and 0.989 (0.036) in FFD RC, RDDR, Zhou et al.’s method and the proposed method.ConclusionOur proposed method would be an effective registration strategy for DCE‐MRI time series, and its performance was comparable with that of three advanced registration methods.
Magnetic microspheres can be used for magnetic particle imaging of cancer cells arrested in the mouse brain
Authors: Melo Kierstin P. , Makela Ashley V. , Knier Natasha N. , Hamilton Amanda M. , Foster Paula J. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeMagnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging modality that sensitively and specifically detects superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). MRI cell tracking with SPIOs has very high sensitivity, but low specificity and quantification is difficult. MPI could overcome these limitations. There are no reports of micron‐sized iron oxide particles (MPIO) for cell tracking by MPI. Therefore, the goal was to evaluate if MPIO can be used for in vivo detection and quantification of cancer cells distributed in the mouse brain by MPI.MethodsIn the first experiment mice were injected with either 2.5 × 105 or 5.0 × 105 MPIO‐labeled cancer cells and MPI was performed ex vivo. In a second experiment, mice received either 2.5 × 105 or 5.0 × 104 MPIO‐labeled cells and MPI was performed in vivo. In a third experiment, mice were injected with 5.0 × 104 cells, labeled with either MPIO or ferucarbotran, and MPI was performed in vivo.ResultsMPIO‐labeled cells were visible in all MPI images of the mouse brain. The MPI signal and iron content measurements were greater for brains of mice that were injected with higher numbers of MPIO‐labeled cells. Ferucarbotran‐labeled cells were not detected in the brain by MPI.ConclusionThis is the first example of the use of MPIO for cell tracking with MPI. With an intracardiac cell injection, ~15% of cells will arrest in the brain vasculature. For our lowest cell injection of 5.0 × 104 cells, this was ~10 000 cells, distributed throughout the brain.
Ultrasonic spray coating of polyethylenimine (ethoxylated) as electron injection and transport layer for organic light emitting diodes: The influence of layer morphology and thickness on the interface physics between polyethylenimine (ethoxylated) and the Al cathode
Authors: Verboven Inge , Nithyanandakumar Rachith Shanivarasanthe , Van Landeghem Melissa , Pellaers Hilde , Ruttens Bart , D'Haen Jan , Vandewal Koen , Deferme Wim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModern lighting is expected to be light weight, flexible, efficient, non‐expensive and environmentally friendly fabricated. Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) meet all these requirements and can be manufactured using inexpensive and roll‐to‐roll compatible printing techniques. They, however, often use low work function, highly reactive metals, such as barium and calcium to facilitate electron injection, deposited using expensive and non‐continuous vacuum techniques. Efficient and stable alternatives can be found in the aliphatic amines, polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylenimine(ethoxylated) (PEIE), that shift the work function of aluminum favorably for electron injection. This work demonstrates ultrasonic spray coating of PEI(E) as electron injection and transport layer for OLEDs, reducing the work function of the aluminum cathode by 0.355 eV allowing a luminous efficacy comparable to that of the OLEDs using calcium/aluminum electrodes. Slightly higher luminous results are noted for the OLEDs with spin coated PEI(E), indicating that the surface morphology and thickness of the PEI(E) layer are crucial factors: ultrasonic spray coated PEI(E) layers have an increased overall thickness and surface roughness. This study shows the potential of ultrasonic spray coating and the suitability of PEI(E) as excellent electron injection and transport layer for OLEDs and paves the way towards fully spray coated OLEDs.
Challenges in parenteral nutrition in adult ultrashort gut: A case of cachexia
Authors: Russell Lindsey , Gramlich Leah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPatients with ultrashort gut have inadequate nutrient absorption. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is required to meet nutrition requirements caused by chronic intestinal failure (IF). We present a case of cachexia and IF caused by ultrashort gut following an extensive small‐bowel resection caused by volvulus that was complicated by small‐bowel ischemia. Targeting energy prescriptions to optimize PN using indirect calorimetry in this population with ultrashort gut has not been reported in adults. This case serves to outline the challenges in optimizing PN, including factors such as anabolic status, to meet nutrition requirements in patients with ultrashort gut and cachexia.
Differences in metabolic syndrome indicators by body mass index of women with endometriosis
Authors: Park SoMi , Chung ChaeWeon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe study aimed to identify the relationships between metabolic syndrome indicators and BMI in women with endometriosis.DesignA retrospective observational study design was utilized to analyse secondary data from a longitudinal dataset.MethodsA total of 281,810 women diagnosed with endometriosis and aged 15 through 49 were drawn from the National Health Insurance Service‐National Health Screening Cohort data of the Republic of Korea from the year 2009 to 2016. Body mass index (BMI) and five indicators of metabolic syndrome were extracted. Descriptive statistics, Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test, chi‐square test and Cochran‐Armitage test were used.ResultsYearly changes in abnormal waist circumference, elevated fasting blood sugar and abnormally low levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were statistically significant. The risk groups of these indicators all showed statistically significant differences according to BMI. The proportions of women with abnormal findings for all indicators significantly increased as BMI increased.
Coupled and decoupled high‐order accurate dissipative finite difference schemes for the dissipative generalized symmetric regularized long wave equations
Authors: He Yuyu , Wang Xiaofeng , Dai Weizhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, two coupled and decoupled dissipative finite difference schemes with high‐order accuracy are proposed for solving the dissipative generalized symmetric regularized long wave equations. Dissipation of the discrete energy of scheme with different parameters is discussed. A priori estimate, existence and uniqueness of numerical solutions, convergence with and stability of the schemes are proved by the discrete energy method. Numerical examples are given to support the theoretical analysis.
Regional and sociodemographic differences in average BMI among US children in the ECHO program
Authors: Bekelman Traci A. , Dabelea Dana , Ganiban Jody M. , Law Andrew , McGovern Reilly Alexandra , Althoff Keri N. , Mueller Noel , Camargo Carlos A. , Duarte Cristiane S. , Dunlop Anne L. , Elliott Amy J. , Ferrara Assiamira , Gold Diane R. , Hertz‐Picciotto Irva , Hartert Tina , Hipwell Alison E. , Huddleston Kathi , Johnson Christine C. , Karagas Margaret R. , Karr Catherine J. , Hershey Gurjit K. Khurana , Leve Leslie , Mahabir Somdat , McEvoy Cindy T. , Neiderhiser Jenae , Oken Emily , Rundle Andrew , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Turley Christine , Tylavsky Frances A. , Watson Sara E. , Wright Rosalind , Zhang Mingyu , Zoratti Edward ,   program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO)
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the association of individual‐level characteristics (sex, race/ethnicity, birth weight, maternal education) with child BMI within each US Census region and variation in child BMI by region.MethodsThis study used pooled data from 25 prospective cohort studies. Region of residence (Northeast, Midwest, South, West) was based on residential zip codes. Age‐ and sex‐specific BMI z scores were the outcome.ResultsThe final sample included 14,313 children with 85,428 BMI measurements, 49% female and 51% non‐Hispanic White. Males had a lower average BMI z score compared with females in the Midwest (β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.19 to −0.05) and West (β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.20 to −0.04). Compared with non‐Hispanic White children, BMI z score was generally higher among children who were Hispanic and Black but not across all regions. Compared with the Northeast, average BMI z score was significantly higher in the Midwest (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.14) and lower in the South (β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.16 to −0.08) and West (β = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.19 to −0.09) after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and birth weight.ConclusionsRegion of residence was associated with child BMI z scores, even after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. Understanding regional influences can inform targeted efforts to mitigate BMI‐related disparities among children.
Generation of ductal organoids from normal mammary luminal cells reveals invasive potential
Authors: Ganz Hilary M , Buchmann Benedikt , Engelbrecht Lisa K , Jesinghaus Moritz , Eichelberger Laura , Gabka Christian J , Schmidt Georg P , Muckenhuber Alexander , Weichert Wilko , Bausch Andreas R , Scheel Christina H 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere we present an experimental model for human luminal progenitor cells that enables single, primary cells isolated from normal tissue to generate complex branched structures resembling the ductal morphology of low‐grade carcinoma of no special type. Thereby, we find that ductal structures are generated through invasive branching morphogenesis via matrix remodeling and identify reduced actomyosin contractility as a prerequisite for invasion. In addition, we show that knockout of E‐cadherin causes a dissolution of duct formation as observed in invasive lobular carcinoma, a subtype of invasive carcinomas where E‐cadherin function is frequently lost. Thus, our model shows that invasive capacity can be elicited from normal luminal cells in specific environments, which results in low‐grade no special type morphology. This assay offers a platform to investigate the dynamics of luminal cell invasion and unravel the impact of genetic and non‐genetic aberrations on invasive morphology. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Vertebroplasty as a palliative treatment option for intractable pain in pediatric patients with spinal tumors
Authors: Cardarelli‐Leite Leandro , Rassekh Shahrad Rod , D'Ortenzio Robert , Heran Manraj Kanwal Singh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrimary and secondary malignant tumors of the spine are relatively uncommon in the pediatric population but are associated with high morbidity and significantly decreased quality of life due to pain. Local management of these tumors is often challenging due to the importance of maintaining vertebral mechanical integrity as well as the spinal growth potential. Typically, surgery and/or radiation therapy have been used in the primary management of these tumors. However, treatment options become more limited when there is relapse or refractory disease, with re‐resection or additional radiotherapy often not being viable therapies. Vertebroplasty is a currently underutilized modality that might provide significant pain palliation in cases of relapsed cancer in the spine.
Screening and characterisation of potential antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic components revealed in Portulaca oleracea via multi‐target affinity ultrafiltration LC–MS and molecular docking
Authors: Zhang Hui , Chen Guilin , Yang Jinpeng , Yang Chunlei , Guo Mingquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionPortulaca oleracea is a commonly used nutritional vegetable and traditional herbal medicine with plenty of nutrients and manifold pharmacological activities. However, the potential active ingredients for its remarkable antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities remain unexplored.ObjectivesThe present study aims to systematically evaluate the antioxidant activities of different extracts of P. oleracea and screen bioactive ligands that can interact with α‐glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD).MethodsIn this research, the antioxidant activities of different parts of P. oleracea and their corresponding total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were systematically determined. Subsequently, a multi‐target affinity ultrafiltration method was developed using affinity ultrafiltration with SOD, α‐glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase coupled to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UF‐LC–MS). Later, molecular docking was used to further investigate the possible interaction mechanism between these ligands and target enzymes.ResultsAmong them, the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity along with the highest TPC and TFC, and four compounds in the EA fraction were quickly retrieved as potential SOD, α‐glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase ligands, respectively. Molecular docking revealed that these potential ligands exhibited strong binding ability and inhibitory activities on SOD, α‐glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase.ConclusionThe present study revealed that P. oleracea can be used as a functional food with excellent antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Meanwhile, the integrated strategy based on multi‐target UF‐LC–MS and molecular docking also provided a powerful tool and a multidimensional perspective for further exploration of active ingredients in P. oleracea responsible for the antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities.
Menschen sicher leiten und evakuieren
Authors: Schadschneider Andreas , Seyfried Armin 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungUm in der Zukunft Unglücke wie bei der Loveparade zu vermeiden, müssen solche Großveranstaltungen sorgfältig geplant werden. Dabei können physikbasierte Modelle der Fußgängerdynamik helfen. In den letzten Jahren sind hier große Fortschritte erzielt worden, die solche Anwendungen in naher Zukunft routinemäßig möglich machen werden. Diese Maßnahmen helfen allerdings nur, wenn sich die Leute an die Regeln halten. Dies ist leider nicht immer der Fall, wie Unglücke in den letzten Jahren zeigen. Beim Haddsch kam es trotz vieler Verbesserungen zu weiteren Unglücken, vermutlich weil Pilger in die falsche Richtung gelaufen sind. Da es sich in dem System um Menschen handelt, deren Verhalten auf einem komplexen Reiz‐Reaktionsmechanismus aufbaut, die in sozialen Gruppen agieren und die sich in vielfältigen physischen und psychischen Faktoren unterscheiden, erfordert dieses Thema eine große Offenheit für interdisziplinäre Kooperationen. Trotzdem ist es erstaunlich, dass sich viele der beobachteten Phänomene in Menschenmengen ohne tiefere Berücksichtigung von psychologischen Aspekten gut beschreiben lassen. Dies entspricht den Erfahrungen, die man in der statistischen Physik mit Vielteilchensystemen gemacht hat, bei denen oftmals Details keine Rolle spielen. Dies trifft natürlich nicht mehr zu, wenn man das Verhalten von wenigen Personen beschreiben möchte. Dies ist viel mehr durch Psychologie als durch die Physik bestimmt.
Wieviel Planck‐Konstante steckt im Kilogramm?
Authors: Rothleitner Christian 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Einheit der Masse im Internationalen Einheitensystem (SI) ist das Kilogramm. Auf der 26. Generalkonferenz für Maß und Gewicht (CGPM) im November 2019 wurde beschlossen, dass die Definition nicht länger das Urkilogramm sein wird, sondern der numerische Wert der Planck‐Konstante. Seit dem 20. Mai 2019 ist dies gültig. Nur zwei Experimente sind in der Lage, das Kilogramm aus seiner neuen Definition darzustellen. Eines davon ist die Kibble‐Waage, mit der die Gewichtskraft eines Gewichtstückes mit einer elektromagnetischen Kraft im Gleichgewicht gehalten wird. Die besten Geräte erreichten dabei bereits eine relative Messunsicherheit unterhalb von 2 ·10–8.
Was begrenzt das Leben?
Authors: Kleidon Axel 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit langer Zeit ist gut dokumentiert, dass die Photosynthese mit einem sehr geringen Wirkungsgrad von weniger als 3 % aus Sonnenlicht chemische Energie gewinnt. Aber warum ist der Prozess so ineffizient? Schließlich hatte die Photosynthese mehr als drei Milliarden Jahre in der Erdgeschichte Zeit, sich zu optimieren. Diese Frage wird hier mit dem geringen, aber thermodynamisch limitierten Gasaustausch zwischen Pflanzen und Atmosphäre erklärt. Während des Tages müssen Pflanzen der Atmosphäre Kohlendioxid entziehen, den Rohstoff für die Photosynthese. Dabei verlieren sie unvermeidbar große Mengen an Wasserdampf, verbunden mit ihrer Transpiration. Folglich sind Kohlendioxidaufnahme und Wasserdampfabgabe eng miteinander verbunden. Eine einfache Abschätzung zeigt, dass dieser Massenaustausch zwischen Erdoberfläche und Atmosphäre thermodynamisch limitiert ist. Sie kann die geringe Effizienz der Photosynthese schlüssig erklären.