bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P Fluxes and Prokaryotic Cycling at Benthic Boundary Layer in the Deep Southeastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Sisma‐Ventura Guy , Herut Barak , Silverman Jacob , Katz Timor , Rubin‐Blum Maxim , Rahav Eyal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe role of prokaryotic microbial productivity in P cycling in the benthic boundary layer (BBL) of deep‐sea sediments (350–1,900 m bottom depths) was studied in the P‐impoverished southeastern Mediterranean Sea (SEMS) using sediment cores and incubation reactors. Our results show that orthophosphate (PO4) benthic fluxes were negative (consumption) at a rate of −11.0 ± 3.3 µmolem−2d−1, while the dissolved organic phosphate (DOP) flux was positive (production) at rate of 4.5 ± 1.6 µmolem−2d−1. Therefore, the SEMS sedimentary BBL acts as an active net sink for P, similar to other impoverished subtropical oceanic gyres, yet at much shallower water depths and much closer to the terrestrial margin. Considering the water column integrated P mass, and the sedimentary net removal fluxes of P, we calculated a turnover time of ∼90 years for the bottom water in the SEMS, which is similar to the deep water residence time in this basin. Apart abiotic removal of PO4 under oxic conditions (e.g., co‐precipitation with iron, forming iron‐phosphate minerals), prokaryotic microbial utilization played an important role in generating DOP through aerobic respiration in the BBL, resulting in a net release of DOP. Our study demonstrates that microbial communities in the BBL play an important role in regulating P concentrations, fluxes and forms in the energy‐starved environment of the SEMS seabed. These results may contribute to our understanding of water column P dynamics in the low nutrient low chlorophyll basins.
Modeling Phytoplankton Blooms and Inorganic Carbon Responses to Sea‐Ice Variability in the West Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Schultz C. , Doney S. C. , Hauck J. , Kavanaugh M. T. , Schofield O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ocean coastal‐shelf‐slope ecosystem west of the Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a biologically productive region that could potentially act as a large sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The duration of the sea‐ice season in the WAP shows large interannual variability. However, quantifying the mechanisms by which sea ice impacts biological productivity and surface dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) remains a challenge due to the lack of data early in the phytoplankton growth season. In this study, we implemented a circulation, sea‐ice, and biogeochemistry model (MITgcm‐REcoM2) to study the effect of sea ice on phytoplankton blooms and surface DIC. Results were compared with satellite sea‐ice and ocean color, and research ship surveys from the Palmer Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. The simulations suggest that the annual sea‐ice cycle has an important role in the seasonal DIC drawdown. In years of early sea‐ice retreat, there is a longer growth season leading to larger seasonally integrated net primary production (NPP). Part of the biological uptake of DIC by phytoplankton, however, is counteracted by increased oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2. Despite lower seasonal NPP, years of late sea‐ice retreat show larger DIC drawdown, attributed to lower air‐sea CO2 fluxes and increased dilution by sea‐ice melt. The role of dissolved iron and iron limitation on WAP phytoplankton also remains a challenge due to the lack of data. The model results suggest sediments and glacial meltwater are the main sources in the coastal and shelf regions, with sediments being more influential in the northern coast.
Can Smartphones Detect Geomagnetic Storms?
Authors: Odenwald S. F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeveral smartphone models on the Android and iOS platforms have been investigated for their ability to detect geomagnetic storms. Although this capability could have scientific application, there is a growing commercial interest in using smartphones for precision location applications not involving the GPS system. Under these circumstances, geomagnetic storms could in principle interfere with navigation accuracy. The ability of smartphones to detect geomagnetic disturbances has been tested by developing synthetic magnetometer data for two historical storm events: October 29, 2003 (G5) and July 15, 2012 (G2). These were created by combining typical sensor noise profiles with actual magnetic observatory data, and also by using a Helmholtz coil to calibrate the magnetometer responsivity near 1 microTesla. A comparison of the iPhone 6S, Samsung Note 5, Galaxy S8, and S9 responses based upon their actual ambient noise measurements reveals that for the high and mid‐latitude simulations, storms stronger than G2 (Kp = 6) provided indications of detectability, with the strongest detections occurring for the high‐latitude simulations. The low‐latitude simulated observations near North American latitudes of +38° tended to register storm events at about G4 (Kp = 8) or above. The degree to which geomagnetic storms interfere with precision position measurement applications can be significant at high latitudes for the occasional strong storm events during the peak of the sunspot cycle, but are probably not a significant source of error at other times for most low‐latitude conditions.
The impact of socioeconomic and stimulus inequality on human brain physiology
Authors: Parameshwaran Dhanya , Sathishkumar S. , Thiagarajan Tara C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe brain undergoes profound structural and dynamical alteration in response to its stimulus environment. In animal studies, enriched stimulus environments result in numerous structural and dynamical changes along with cognitive enhancements. In human society factors such as education, travel, cell phones and motorized transport dramatically expand the rate and complexity of stimulus experience but diverge in access based on income. Correspondingly, poverty is associated with significant structural and dynamical differences in the brain, but it is unknown how this relates to disparity in stimulus access. Here we studied consumption of major stimulus factors along with measurement of brain signals using EEG in 402 people in India across an income range of $0.82 to $410/day. We show that the complexity of the EEG signal scaled logarithmically with overall stimulus consumption and income and linearly with education and travel. In contrast phone use jumped up at a threshold of $30/day corresponding to a similar jump in key spectral parameters that reflect the signal energy. Our results suggest that key aspects of brain physiology increase in lockstep with stimulus consumption and that we have not fully appreciated the profound way that stimulus expanding aspects of modern life are changing our brain physiology.
Imaging current distribution in a topological insulator Bi2Se3 in the presence of competing surface and bulk contributions to conductivity
Authors: Jash Amit , Kumar Ankit , Ghosh Sayantan , Bharathi A. , Banerjee S. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) topological surface states in a three-dimensional topological insulator (TI) should produce uniform 2D surface current distribution. However, our transport current imaging studies on Bi2Se3 thin film reveal non-uniform current sheet flow at 15 K with strong edge current flow. This is consistent with other imaging studies on thin films of Bi2Se3. In contrast to strong edge current flow in thin films, in single crystal of Bi2Se3 at 15 K our current imaging studies show the presence of 3.6 nm thick uniform 2D sheet current flow. Above 70 K, this uniform 2D sheet current sheet begins to disintegrate into a spatially non-uniform flow. The flow becomes patchy with regions having high and low current density. The area fraction of the patches with high current density rapidly decreases at temperatures above 70 K, with a temperature dependence of the form $$1/\left| {T - 70} \right|^{0.35}$$

1
/

T
-
70

0.35

. The temperature scale of 70 K coincides with the onset of bulk conductivity in the crystal due to electron doping by selenium vacancy clusters in Bi2Se3. Thus our results show a temperature dependent competition between surface and bulk conductivity produces a temperature dependent variation in uniformity of current flow in the topological insulator.
Partial shading by solar panels delays bloom, increases floral abundance during the late-season for pollinators in a dryland, agrivoltaic ecosystem
Authors: Graham Maggie , Ates Serkan , Melathopoulos Andony P. , Moldenke Andrew R. , DeBano Sandra J. , Best Lincoln R. , Higgins Chad W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHabitat for pollinators is declining worldwide, threatening the health of both wild and agricultural ecosystems. Photovoltaic solar energy installation is booming, frequently near agricultural lands, where the land underneath ground-mounted photovoltaic panels is traditionally unused. Some solar developers and agriculturalists in the United States are filling the solar understory with habitat for pollinating insects in efforts to maximize land-use efficiency in agricultural lands. However, the impact of the solar panel canopy on the understory pollinator-plant community is unknown. Here we investigated the effects of solar arrays on plant composition, bloom timing and foraging behavior of pollinators from June to September (after peak bloom) in full shade plots and partial shade plots under solar panels as well as in full sun plots (controls) outside of the solar panels. We found that floral abundance increased and bloom timing was delayed in the partial shade plots, which has the potential to benefit late-season foragers in water-limited ecosystems. Pollinator abundance, diversity, and richness were similar in full sun and partial shade plots, both greater than in full shade. Pollinator-flower visitation rates did not differ among treatments at this scale. This demonstrates that pollinators will use habitat under solar arrays, despite variations in community structure across shade gradients. We anticipate that these findings will inform local farmers and solar developers who manage solar understories, as well as agriculture and pollinator health advocates as they seek land for pollinator habitat restoration in target areas.
Distinct transcriptomic response to Newcastle disease virus infection during heat stress in chicken tracheal epithelial tissue
Authors: Saelao Perot , Wang Ying , Chanthavixay Ganrea , Yu Vivian , Gallardo Rodrigo A. , Dekkers Jack C. M. , Lamont Susan J. , Kelly Terra , Zhou Huaijun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNewcastle disease (ND) has a great impact on poultry health and welfare with its most virulent (velogenic) strain. In addition, issues exacerbated by the increase in global temperatures necessitates a greater understanding of the host immune response when facing a combination of biotic and abiotic stress factors in poultry production. Previous investigations have revealed that the host immune response is tissue-specific. The goal of this study was to identify genes and/or signaling pathways associated with immune response to NDV (Newcastle disease virus) in the trachea, an essential organ where NDV replicate after the infection, by profiling the tissue specific transcriptome response in two genetically distinct inbred chicken lines when exposed to both abiotic and biotic stressors. Fayoumis appear to be able to respond more effectively (lower viral titer, higher antibody levels, immune gene up-regulation) and earlier than Leghorns. Our results suggest NDV infection in Fayoumis appears to elicit proinflammatory processes, and pathways such as the inhibition of cell viability, cell proliferation of lymphocytes, and transactivation of RNA, more rapidly than in Leghorns. These differences in immune response converge at later timepoints which may indicate that Leghorns eventually regulate its immune response to infection. The profiling of the gene expression response in the trachea adds to our understanding of the chicken host response to NDV infection and heat stress on a whole genome level and provides potential candidate genes and signaling pathways for further investigation into the characterization of the time-specific and pathway specific responses in Fayoumis and Leghorns.
Superposition principle applies to human walking with two simultaneous interventions
Authors: Rasouli Fatemeh , Kim Seok Hun , Reed Kyle B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGait rehabilitation therapies provide adjusted sensory inputs to modify and retrain walking patterns in an impaired gait. Asymmetric walking is a common gait abnormality, especially among stroke survivors. Physical therapy interventions using adaptation techniques (such as treadmill training, auditory stimulation, visual biofeedback, etc.) train gait toward symmetry. However, a single rehabilitation therapy comes up short of affecting all aspects of gait performance. Multiple-rehabilitation therapy applies simultaneous stimuli to affect a wider range of gait parameters and create flexible training regiments. Understanding gait responses to individual and jointly applied stimuli is important for developing improved and efficient therapies. In this study, 16 healthy subjects participated in a four-session experiment to study gait kinetics and spatiotemporal outcomes under training. Each session consisted of two stimuli, treadmill training and auditory stimulation, with symmetric or asymmetric ratios between legs. The study hypothesizes a linear model for gait response patterns. We found that the superposition principle largely applies to the gait response under two simultaneous stimuli. The linear models developed in this study fit the actual data from experiments with the r-squared values of 0.95 or more.
Metformin prevents stroke damage in non-diabetic female mice with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Grissi Maria , Boudot Cédric , Assem Maryam , Candellier Alexandre , Lando Mathilde , Poirot-Leclercq Sabrina , Boullier Agnès , Bennis Youssef , Lenglet Gaëlle , Avondo Carine , Lalau Jean-Daniel , Choukroun Gabriel , Massy Ziad A. , Kamel Saïd , Chillon Jean-Marc , Hénaut Lucie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) worsens ischemic stroke severity in both patients and animals. In mice, these poorer functional outcomes are associated with decreased brain activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a molecule that recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. The antidiabetic drug metformin, a well-known activator of AMPK, has improved stroke outcomes in diabetic patients with normal renal function. We investigated whether chronic metformin pre-conditioning can rescue AMPK activity and prevent stroke damage in non-diabetic mice with CKD. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to CKD or SHAM groups. CKD was induced through right kidney cortical electrocautery, followed by left total nephrectomy. Mice were then allocated to receive metformin (200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 5 weeks until stroke induction by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). The infarct volumes were lower in CKD mice exposed to metformin than in vehicle-treated CKD mice 24 h after tMCAO. Metformin pre-conditioning of CKD mice improved their neurological score, grip strength, and prehensile abilities. It also enhanced AMPK activation, reduced apoptosis, increased neuron survival and decreased microglia/macrophage M1 signature gene expression as well as CKD-induced activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway in the ischemic lesions of CKD mice.
Mid-trimester prediction of spontaneous preterm birth with automated cervical quantitative ultrasound texture analysis and cervical length: a prospective study
Authors: Burgos-Artizzu Xavier P. , Baños Nuria , Coronado-Gutiérrez David , Ponce Julia , Valenzuela-Alcaraz Brenda , Moreno-Espinosa Ana L. , Grau Laia , Perez-Moreno Álvaro , Gratacós Eduard , Palacio Montse 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate a novel automated test based on ultrasound cervical texture analysis to predict spontaneous Preterm Birth (sPTB) alone and in combination with Cervical Length (CL). General population singleton pregnancies between 18 + 0 and 24 + 6 weeks’ gestation were assessed prospectively at two centers. Cervical ultrasound images were evaluated and the occurrence of sPTB before weeks 37 + 0 and 34 + 0 were recorded. CL was measured on-site. The automated texture analysis test was applied offline to all images. Their performance to predict the occurrence of sPTB before 37 + 0 and 34 + 0 weeks was evaluated separately and in combination on 633 recruited patients. AUC for sPTB prediction before weeks 37 and 34 respectively were as follows: 55.5% and 65.3% for CL, 63.4% and 66.3% for texture analysis, 67.5% and 76.7% when combined. The new test improved detection rates of CL at similar low FPR. Combining the two increased detection rate compared to CL alone from 13.0 to 30.4% for sPTB < 37 and from 14.3 to 42.9% sPTB < 34. Texture analysis of cervical ultrasound improved sPTB detection rate compared to cervical length for similar FPR, and the two combined together increased significantly prediction performance. This results should be confirmed in larger cohorts.
Salient target detection in hyperspectral image based on visual attention
Authors: Zhao Minghua , Yue Liqin , Hu Jing , Du Shuangli , Li Peng , Wang Li 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSalient target detection in hyperspectral image is a significant task in image segmentation, target tracking, image classification and so on. Many existing saliency detection algorithms for hyperspectral image detection cannot present the boundary of the salient target well and the description of the target is not enough. A method based on visual attention to detect the salient target of hyperspectral image is proposed in this paper. In this method, frequency‐tuned (FT) salient detection model is combined with spectral salient to detect target in hyperspectral image. FT model is used to get target with clear border, and spectral information is made full use of to improve the accuracy of target detection. Firstly, FT is used to detect saliency of hyperspectral image and the saliency map is generated. Then, spectral information of the hyperspectral image is measured by similarity, and the spectral saliency is obtained by calculating spectral angle distance between the spectral vectors. Finally, the FT's saliency map and the spectral saliency map are combined to form the final saliency target maps. Experimental results show that our method is superior to other methods in saliency target detection of hyperspectral image, and the precision‐recall curve and F‐measure are better as well.
Circular polarized patch antenna with wide 3‐dB axial ratio beamwidth and suppressed backward cross‐polarized radiation for high‐precision marine navigation applications
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Zhang Yan , Wang Yao , Fang Shaojun , Wang Zhongbao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere, a circular polarized (CP) patch antenna with a wide 3‐dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) and suppressed backward cross‐polarized radiation is proposed. A narrow slot is inserted into the ground to widen the 3‐dB ARBWs of the CP antenna. An annular metal strip loaded with a circular row of L‐shaped bent metal branches is etched around the circular radiation patch to reduce backward cross‐polarized radiation, as well as to further increase the 3‐dB ARBW. To validate, a prototype is designed at 1.575 GHz and fabricated. The experimental results show that the 10‐dB impedance matching bandwidth of the fabricated prototype is 25.8%, and the 3‐dB CP bandwidth is 5.1%. Besides, 3‐dB ARBWs of 238° and 259° are obtained at the two principal planes, respectively, with the front‐back ratio of more than 26 dB. Satisfactory agreement is achieved between measurement results and simulated ones.
Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel againstAmblyomma americanumin cats
Authors: Prullage Joe , Baker Christine , Mansour Abdelmoneim , McCall Scott , Young David , Tielemans Eric 
Published: April 2021

Esafoxolaner, a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties, is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel in NexGard®Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide product for cats. The efficacy of this novel formulation was assessed in two experimental studies against induced infestations withAmblyomma americanum, a tick species of major importance, highly prevalent in a large southeastern quarter of the United States. In each study, 10 cats were randomly allocated to a placebo control group and 10 cats to a novel formulation treated group. Infested cats were treated topically once at the minimum recommended dose. Both studies were designed to test curative efficacy on existing infestation, 72 h after treatment, and to test preventive efficacy, 72 h after subsequent weekly (Study #1) or fortnightly (Study #2) infestations for one month. For each infestation, all cats were infested with 50 unfed adultA. americanum. At each tick count, in both studies, at least 8 in 10 placebo control cats were infested with 13 (26%) or more live ticks, demonstrating adequate infestation throughout the studies. Curative efficacy of the novel formulation was 99% in both studies; preventive efficacy was 92% and 100% for at least one month.
Former les professionnels de santé aux « outils pour lecare »
Authors: Bailleul Marc 
Published: April 2021

Contexte :Dans le cadre de l’interrogation de plus en plus grande sur l’importance à donner aux humanités dans les formations des professionnels de santé, pourquoi ne pas entrer par une question « pratique », celle des « outils pour lecare » ?But :Poser quelques principes pour l’élaboration d’un cahier des charges pour une formation à ces outils.Méthode :Mettre à l’épreuve les principes en imaginant des modalités de réalisation.Résultats et conclusion : Un exemple de scénario de formation est exposé et des pistes d’actions et de nouvelles interrogations sont discutées.
Time-resolved x-ray stroboscopic phase tomography using Talbot interferometer for dynamic deformation measurements
Authors: Wu Yanlin , Takano Hidekazu , Momose Atsushi 
Published: April 2021

Time-resolved x-ray phase tomography using a Talbot interferometer and white synchrotron radiation can provide a three-dimensional movie for visualizing the structural change of materials consisting of light elements. In this study, time-resolved x-ray stroboscopic phase tomography using a Talbot interferometer is demonstrated for a vibrating object under 24 Hz compression-stretch fatigue loading. Moiré patterns are recorded by synchronizing drivers for a shutter, grating displacement, and sample rotation with an x-ray camera with a 200 µs exposure, and phase tomograms are reconstructed at specific motion phases of the vibration. The measurement lasts for a few minutes and the δ value changes before breaking, which is considered due to plastic deformation of soft materials under external vibration are depicted three-dimensionally.