bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate and Impaired Cardiovascular Fitness in Non-diabetic Young Population: A Cross-sectional Study Based on NHANES Database
Authors: Yang Boning , Zou Junhua , Hu Wenwen , Xu Wenkai , Dai Songyuan , Ma Xue , Wang Jing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance (IR) is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) has emerged as a reliable surrogate marker for IR. However, the majority of existing evidence is derived from studies involving elderly populations and diabetic patients, leaving early intervention strategies in non-diabetic young adults unclear. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between eGDR and Impaired Cardiovascular Fitness(CVF) in young non-diabetic populations.
Methods
We screened data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study in a cross-sectional study of 3438 participants who completed the CVF examinations. Low and moderate levels of CVF, as determined by estimating maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) according to sex and age specific criteria, were defined as CVF impairment. Weighted logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to explore the association between eGDR and impaired CVF. A smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were used to test for a linear relationship between eGDR and impaired CVF. Subgroup analyses with interaction tests were performed to assess the stability of the results. Furthermore, the mediation effect analysis was used to investigate whether certain variables mediate the association between the eGDR index and impaired CVF.
Results
Compared to the low eGDR group individuals with high eGDR were more likely to be female, younger, physically active and never smokers, and exhibited elevated HDL levels. In addition, BMI, WC, SBP, DBP, FPG, HbA 1 c, TG, and LDL showed lower levels in the high eGDR group. A significant negative relationship between eGDR index and impaired CVF appeared in weighted logistic regression analysis. Smoothed curve fitting further indicates that the strong negative association between eGDR and impaired CVF. Associations such as gender, age, and race remained stable in the subgroup analyses. In addition, BMI and LDL as mediators significantly affected the association of the eGDR index with the impaired CVF.
Conclusions
A lower level of eGDR was found to be associated with Impaired CVF among participants in our study. This finding highlights eGDR's potential as a valuable predictor and intervention target for CVF.
Moving Through Time: Stability and Change in Adolescent Movement Behaviour and links with Future Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Knowles Christopher , Breslin Gavin , Carlin Angela , Paradis Kyle , Shannon Stephen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Movement behaviours are consistently recognised as having long-term implications for health and wellbeing. Adolescence is often accompanied by diminishing bodily movement and an increased onset of depressive symptoms. Time Displacement dictates that when awake, altering time spent in one movement state (i.e., Sedentary, Light- Moderate-, or Vigorous-Physical Activity) must alter time spent in others. However, few studies evaluate these interdependent movement behaviours as indicators within a composite profile of overall daily movement. The current study included a Random Intercepts Latent Transition Analysis (RI-LTA) to establish latent profiles of movement behaviour across three timepoints in adolescence; the likelihood and predictors of profile transitions over time; and whether differences in transition patterns contributed to variance in future depressive symptoms.
Methods
Data were represented from 4,964 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and their Children. Movement behaviours were measured using Actigraph AM7164 2.2 accelerometers age 12, 14, and 16. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire at ages 18 and 22.
Results
A 3x3 non-invariant RI-LTA was an excellent fit to the data (BIC = 410417; Entropy = .902) distinguishing between Maximal-, Moderate-, and Minimal-Movers. Once accounting for non-invariance (i.e., that all profiles moved less over time), transition probabilities presented the Moderate-Mover profile as extremely stable across adolescence. Females, and those with higher BMI and more educated parents were more likely to transition to profiles characterised by lesser movement. Transition patterns containing a period of minimal movement were associated with worse depressive symptoms at ages 18 and 22. Similarly, maximal movement age 12 conferred protection against depressive symptoms age 22 even after shifting to an enduring period of moderate movement thereafter.
Conclusions
Maximising PA and minimising time spent sedentary when age 12 can protect against depressive symptoms in early adulthood, even if daily movement later decreases. Early intervention has potential to promote health-supportive behaviour and mitigate depressive symptoms across the lifespan. Implications extend to the promotion of PA, and public-health strategies centred on young peoples’ movement behaviour and the reduction of depressive symptoms.
FarmCoSwiss: The first Swiss agricultural health cohort
Authors: Doetzer Julia , Ammann Priska , Imboden Medea , Ingold Karin , Jeong Ayoung , Kaiser-Grolimund Andrea , Schaffner Emmanuel , Winkler Mirko S , Fuhrimann Samuel , Probst-Hensch Nicole 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

FarmCoSwiss is Switzerland's first agricultural cohort study on farmers’ health and wellbeing. It aims to longitudinally describe farmers’ mental and physical health and identify risk and protective factors. Between November 2022 and August 2023, the baseline survey assessed farm characteristics, lifestyle, occupational hazards, wellbeing, and physical and mental health. Descriptive statistics on selected variables were compared to the general population using Swiss Health Survey (SHS) data (2022) and the Swiss-wide SAPALDIA cohort (2020–2023). At baseline, 872 participants (65.9% men) were enrolled. Younger participants had better physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL), while older participants reported better mental HRQoL. Women had better physical, but worse mental HRQoL than men. Most participants (60.5%) had a BMI over 25. Compared to the Swiss general population, FarmCoSwiss participants sat less, consumed less alcohol and tobacco, but ate more red and processed meat. They reported lower prevalences of most diseases than SAPALDIA participants. Occupational accidents were common. Descriptive analyses indicate sex- and gender based differences in health challenges, highlighting the need for further research. Mental health issues, high rates of occupational accidents, and high BMI values call for in-depth studies. Given increasing political, societal, and environmental pressures on agriculture, these findings emphasize the importance of enhancing farmers’ health and wellbeing to maintain a thriving agricultural workforce.
Development and Validation of an Interpretable Prediction Model for Early Screening of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young and Middle-Aged Patients
Authors: Ruan QingQing , Su Shuzhi , Wang Xian , Li Xiumei , Qiao Zengyong , Dai Yong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: In recent years, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been rising among young individuals. However, existing research predominantly concentrates on AMI patients who are elderly. This study employs machine learning models to analyze multidimensional clinical features, with the objective of developing an accurate early screening tool for AMI in young and middle-aged populations.
Methods: We analyzed data from 772 young and middle-aged patients who visited the Chest Pain Center at the South Campus of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital between January 2018 and April 2024. This cohort included 640 patients diagnosed with AMI and 132 patients with non-AMI conditions. We optimized model parameters and evaluated the performance of eight machine learning algorithms. The SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method was employed to analyze feature importance and conduct feature screening to identify the optimal model. Additionally, we performed age-stratified SHAP analysis to investigate variations in feature importance across different age groups.
Results: Among the eight machine learning models evaluated, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model exhibited the highest performance, achieving an AUC of 0.973. Utilizing the ranking of SHAP feature importance, a refined three-feature XGBoost model was developed, which demonstrated an improved AUC of 0.979. The final selected features included: the maximum emergency troponin value (Max cTnI), the maximum emergency BNP (Max BNP), and the duration from symptom onset to first medical treatment (SO-to-FMC). Subgroup analysis revealed variations in feature importance across different age groups.
Conclusion:This study developed and validated a machine learning model using XGBoost for the early screening of AMI in young and middle-aged individuals, demonstrating high predictive accuracy and excellent interpretability, thereby making it suitable for diverse age cohorts within these populations.
Deep Learning-based approach for screening neonatal cerebral lesions on ultrasound images in China: a stepwise, multicenter, early-stage clinical validation study
Authors: Zhou Luyao , Lin Zhouqin , Zhang Haoming , Duan Xingxing , Bai Yan , Wang Jian , Liang Qianhong , Zhou Jingran , Xie Fusui , Shentu Zhen , Huang Ruobing , Chen Yayan , Yu Hongkui , Wen Zongjie , Ni Dong , Liu Lei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Timely and accurate diagnosis of severe neonatal cerebral lesions is critical for preventing long-term neurological damage and addressing life-threatening conditions. Cranial ultrasound (CUS) is the primary screening tool, but the process is time-consuming and reliant on operator proficiency, leading to variability in both image quality and diagnostic outcomes across different radiologists. While artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides in many areas of healthcare, its application in CUS screening remains limited. In this study, we developed and evaluated a Neonatal Cerebral Lesions Screening system (NCLS) capable of automatically extracting standard views from CUS videos and identifying cases with severe cerebral lesions. The system was trained and validated using a dataset of 8,757 neonatal CUS images. It demonstrated strong performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.982 and 0.969, with sensitivities of 0.875 and 0.885 on internal and external validation sets, respectively. Furthermore, the NCLS outperformed junior radiologists (with 1–2 years of CUS diagnostic experience) and performed comparably to mid-level radiologists (with 3–7 years of experience), with 55.11% faster examination efficiency.
Research and Implementation of Mural Classification Based on Lightweight Network
Authors: Zheng Jin , Zhang Yinghui , Zhang Manjun , Yuan Wuxin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Dunhuang murals are a crucial historical and cultural heritage, presenting challenges in feature extraction and classification due to their number, age, and similarity. This study introduces SER-Net, a lightweight classification network for real-time mural analysis on mobile devices. A dataset covering nine dynasties—Early Tang, Northern Wei, Northern Zhou, Peak Tang, Sui, Late Tang, Middle Tang, Five Dynasties, and Western Wei—was created through manual collection and annotation. Data augmentation addressed uneven image distribution. SER-Net, based on RepVGG and ResNet18, features the SE D-Block module, which integrates SE attention and Channel-Shuffle mechanisms for enhanced feature fusion while using deep separable convolution to control model size. Experimental results show SER-Net reduces model size, boosts efficiency, and increases accuracy.
G-tube contrast check: Transition from fluoroscopy to abdominal radiographs
Authors: Hameed Muhammad , James Charles , Wong Kevin , Lewis Paul , Roberson Paula , Schmitz Kelli , Jayappa Sateesh , Rowell Amy , McVay-Gilam Marcene , Frost Todd , Springer Adam , Moore Mary 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Reports of radiographic exam evaluation for G-tube malposition in children are limited.
Objective: Evaluate effectiveness of a new 2-view abdominal radiograph exam protocol instituted to provide 24/7 coverage at 2 affiliated hospitals and replace the prior fluoroscopic G-tube contrast check exam.
Materials and Methods: G-tube radiographic exams performed between December 2019 and May 2022 at 2 affiliated hospitals were identified and retrospective chart review was performed to delineate exam test yield, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity. Additional data collected included exam adherence to protocol, years of experience of the reporting pediatric radiologist, reporting time, and 30-day adverse events.
Results: 227 exams were performed in 186 patients. 2-view radiograph protocol was followed in 81.9% (186/227); Additional radiograph views were performed in 18.1% (41/227); additional contrast volume in 9.3% (21/227). Reporting time under 1 hour occurred in 79.7% (181/227). 5.7% (13/227) exams were reported as indeterminate adding a median time delay of 40 minutes (IQR 90). Indeterminate exam reporting did not correlate with years of experience of the reporting pediatric radiologist (p=0.19); reporting time over 1 hour occurred more often in the after-hours group (p= 0.032). Fluoroscopic G-tube contrast check was requested in 8 of 13 indeterminate readings. Following reclassification of indeterminate exams based on clinical suspicion, test performance: yield 94.3%, accuracy 97.3%, sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 98.2%, PPV 69.2%, NPV 99.1%,
Conclusion: This new diagnostic exam performed well with high test yield, accuracy, specificity and negative predictive value. The exam mostly followed protocol, allowed timely resumption of G-tube use, and provided a needed 24/7 remote coverage option for the new affiliated hospital.
Large Vessel Involvement in Children With Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Kharb BHAGAT , KHAN IRAJ ALAM , KHALID SAIFULLAH , Maheshwari RIYA , Rishu Raunak 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) in paediatric patients, leading to significant rates of both mortality and morbidity.While cerebral infarction involving the perforators and cortical branches (small vessel involvement) is the main focus of majority of studies on patients with tuberculous meningitis, a significant number of large vessel involvement with corresponding infarcts in paediatric TBM patients have been observed in our clinical settings.
Therefore, the current study intends to assess cranial vessel involvement in children with TBM, investigate the incidence, distribution, and etiology of large vessels involvements .
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the vascular involvement in children with TBM, specifically assessing the incidence and distribution of large vessel involvement.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Department of Pediatrics, in tertiary care hospital over two years, involving 98 pediatric patients aged 0-18 years with clinical suspicion of TBM. Diagnosis was based on Computed Tomography(CT) and Magentic resonance imaging (MRI) findings consistent with TBM. Data collection included demographic details, clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, and neuroimaging. MRI with contrast was the preferred imaging modality, with detailed analysis of MRI and MR Angiography findings.
Results: Large vessel involvement was noted in 21.42% of cases and Middle cerebral artery (MCA) was the most common artery involved with smooth narrowing of vessel being the most predominant pattern of large vessel involvement . Significant associations were found between hydrocephalus and thick exudates with large vessel involvement. Smooth narrowing
Conclusion: Large vessel involvement and corresponding large territory infarcts are also a significant complication in TBM. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving prognosis. The study highlights the importance of comprehensive neuroimaging in managing pediatric TBM, aiding in timely identification and treatment of vascular complications.
In vivo investigation of Ag/Fe3O4 nanocomposite on Staphylococcus aureus wound infection in normal and diabetic rats under static magnetic field
Authors: Farjam Seyedeh Nazila Jafari , Hashemi-Najafabadi Sameereh , Shojaosadati Seyed Abbas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Bacterial infection, which is resistant to antibiotics, is one of the causes of non-healing wounds. This study aims to investigate the effect of increasing the penetration of silver nanoparticles into infected wounds in normal and diabetic rats by static magnetic field (SMF). After synthesis and physicochemical investigation of Ag/Fe3O4 NCs, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties were investigated. 45 normal and 27 diabetic rats with Staphylococcus aureus infected wounds were randomly divided into groups of 9 with different treatments. Ag/Fe3O4 NCs showed superparamagnetic behavior and had uniform and spherical particles with an average size of 32 nm. In normal infected wound in vivo study, a significant biofilm reduction was observed in group Ag/Fe3O4 NCs with SMF on day 7. Also, on day 14, the group's wound healing percentage was 94%. Hair follicles were observed only in the group on day 21. In diabetic rats, on day 7 wound healing in the Ag/Fe3O4 NCs with SMF group was 50%. On day 21, the high scores in epithelization, new vessel, and collagen maturation belonged to mentioned group. In vivo evaluation of Ag/Fe3O4 NCs under SMF exhibited acceleration of wound healing in diabetic rats, which can provide a noninvasive therapeutic tool for chronic wound healing of diabetic patients.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on Probiotic Treatment for Halitosis: Novel Insights into Glucose and Phosphorus Metabolism
Authors: Choi Ji Hye , Song Sehyeon , Jang Min Ji , Haque Md Ariful , Lee Hye Eun , Kim Da Hui , Kim Yeo Ju , Cho Ja Won , Moon Jin Seok , Heo Keon , Park Myeong Soo , Ku Seockmo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Halitosis, or bad breath, is associated with oral microbial imbalances and the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). While existing treatments target pathogenic bacteria or oral health indicators, they may not address the underlying systemic complexity. This study explored the efficacy of Complex OK oral probiotics containing Lactobacillus gasseri HHuMIN D and Lactobacillus paracasei OK in mitigating halitosis by evaluating VSC levels and metabolic markers.
Results
A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted involving 80 participants, 70 of whom completed the study. Significant reductions in hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and total VSCs were observed in the experimental group compared to the placebo group, with reductions in H₂S levels statistically significant at both Week 4 and Week 12. Despite the absence of significant changes in oral health indicators such as the Tongue Plaque Index (TPI), Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), and Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) Index, as well as levels of harmful oral bacteria, the probiotic supplementation demonstrated its efficacy in maintaining oral microbial balance. Systemic metabolic effects were also observed, including a significant decrease in blood glucose levels and an increase in blood phosphorus levels in the experimental group. These systemic effects suggest that probiotics modulated metabolic pathways to contribute to VSC reduction beyond local oral microbial effects.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that Complex OK reduces halitosis through systemic pathways involving enhanced glucose and phosphorus metabolism, rather than direct bacterial inhibition. The probiotic complex's ability to influence VSCs originating in the gastrointestinal tract is particularly significant. This study provides the first evidence linking systemic metabolic regulation to halitosis reduction, offering a novel and sustainable approach for halitosis management.
Developing and integrating a destination decision support algorithm into an innovative electronic communication platform to improve injury care service coordination in Rwanda: The Rwanda912 study protocol
Authors: Group Rwanda RIGHT , Nishimwe Aurore , Davies Justine , Byiringiro Jean Claude , Bekele Abebe , D'Ambruoso Lucia , Ignatowicz Agnieszka , Alayande Barnabas Tobi , Nyinawankusi Jeanne D'Arc , Uwitonze Jean Marie , Sindikubwabo Jean Nepomuscene , Bagahirwa Irene , Inkotanyi Collins , Jayaraman Sudha , Belli Antonio , Rickard Rob , Nuhu Assuman , Sheferaw Ephrem Daniel , Quiin Laura , Rukundo Gilbert , Muhire Philbert , Munyura Oda , Hagenimana Fabien , Hagumimana Didier 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Delays in getting injured patients to hospital in a timely manner can increase avoidable death and disability. Like many low- or middle-income countries (LMICs), Rwanda experiences delays related to lack of efficient prehospital communication and formal guidelines to triage patients for hospital care. This paper describes the protocol to develop, roll out, and evaluate the effectiveness of a Destination Decision Support Algorithm (DDSA) integrated in an electronic communication platform, ‘912Rwanda’. The DDSA will facilitate the linkage of patients to health facilities able to treat their condition(s). Work will be conducted in three phases: i. development, ii. training and roll-out, and iii. evaluation.
Methods and analysis: Work will be conducted in the pre-hospital emergency service “SAMU - Service d'Aide Medicale Urgente” and health facilities in Kigali City and Musanze District, which serve predominately urban and rural populations, respectively. We will develop interfaces to capture facility and patient-relevant data, which feed into a guideline-based electronic DDSA to match patients to hospitals. We will assess existing trauma care processes using qualitative and quantitative methodologies. This will be followed by a series of consensus workshops to develop at-scene triage guidelines and agree variables to capture in the interfaces. The DDSA will be developed based on outputs from these workshops and tested against historical ambulance data and expert opinion until acceptable thresholds of performance are passed. User interfaces will be developed and tested using human computer interface design principles.
Discussion: The combined collaborative approach of bringing together experts and software developers, and with deep engagement of Rwandan stakeholders, including leadership of Rwanda Ministry of health through its technical arm, the Rwanda Biomedical Center, should lead to an ambulance communication system which is utilized, sustained, and effective.
Trial registration, ISRCTN, ISRCTN97674565. Registered on 29 July 2024. https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN97674565