bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes after first relapse of childhood intracranial ependymoma
Authors: Tsai Jessica W. , Manoharan Neevika , Alexandrescu Sanda , Zimmerman Mary Ann , Scully Jacqueline , Chordas Christine , Clymer Jessica , Wright Karen D. , Filbin Mariella , Ullrich Nicole J. , Marcus Karen J. , Haas‐Kogan Daphne , Chi Susan N. , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Yeo Kee Kiat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpendymoma is the third most common malignant CNS tumor in children. Despite multimodal therapy, prognosis of relapsed ependymoma remains poor. Approaches to therapy for relapsed ependymoma are varied. We present a single‐institution retrospective review of the outcomes after first relapse of intracranial ependymoma in children.ProcedureWe performed a retrospective, IRB‐approved chart review of patients with recurrent intracranial ependymoma treated at Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center from 1990 to 2019.ResultsThirty‐four patients with relapsed intracranial ependymoma were identified. At initial diagnosis, 11 patients had supratentorial disease, 22 with posterior fossa disease and one with metastatic disease. Median time‐to‐first relapse was 14.9 months from initial diagnosis (range 1.4–52.5). Seven patients had metastatic disease at first relapse. Gross total resection (GTR) was associated with improved 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) relative to subtotal resection (STR) and no surgery (p = .005). Localized disease at relapse was associated with improved 5‐year overall survival (OS) when compared to metastatic disease (p = .02). Irradiation at first relapse seemed to delay progression but was not associated with statistically prolonged PFS or OS. Tumor location, histology, and chromosomal 1q status did not impact outcome at first relapse, although available molecular data were limited making definitive conclusions difficult. Median time‐to‐second relapse was 10 months (range 0.7–124). Five‐year PFS and OS after first relapse were 19.9% and 45.1%, respectively. Median PFS and OS were 10.0 and 52.5 months after first relapse, respectively.ConclusionsRelapsed intracranial ependymoma has a poor prognosis despite multimodal therapy. Novel therapeutic strategies are desperately needed for this disease.
Synergistic enhancement of thermal conductivity by addition of graphene nanoplatelets to three‐dimensional boron nitride scaffolds for polyamide 6 composites
Authors: Wu Fangjuan , Chen Anlin , Pan Hanlu , Li Denghui , Zhang Lingjie , Fang Hui , Peng Xiangfang , Bekyarova Elena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional boron nitride/graphene nanoplatelets (3D‐BN‐GNP) scaffolds were fabricated using an ice‐templating method and polyamide 6 (PA6)‐based composites were prepared by vacuum impregnation of caprolactam monomers into the scaffolds, followed by polymerization. The BN sheets in the PA6/3D‐BN and PA6/3D‐BN‐GNP composites display a predominant parallel alignment along the ice‐crystal formation constructing thermally conductive paths. The addition of few GNPs assists the dispersion of BN sheets in the PA6/3D‐BN‐GNP composites and repair the broken thermal paths caused by local agglomeration of the BN sheets. Consequently, GNPs play a morphology‐promoted synergistic role in the enhancement of the thermal conductivity of the PA6/3D‐BN‐GNP composites. The PA6/3D‐BN‐GNP composite prepared with 23.40 wt% BN sheets and 2.60 wt% GNPs exhibits the highest thermal conductivity of 2.80 W m−1 K−1, which is 833% and 33% higher than the values recorded for the pure PA6 and the PA6/3D‐BN composite at BN loading of 26.18 wt%, respectively. Infrared imaging analysis revealed that the surface of the PA6/3D‐BN‐GNP composite has a fast response to heating and cooling, suggesting the potential of the composites in thermal management applications.
Preparation of ordered macroporous molecularly imprinted polymers and their applications in purifying cinchona alkaloids from cinchona extract
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Rui Li‐Li , Lin Ya‐Li , Zhang Hui‐Dan , Ou Ji‐Ming , He Jian‐Feng , Wu Quan‐Zhou 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensionally ordered macroporous molecularly imprinted polymers (3DOM MIPs) were prepared for the direct purification of cinchona alkaloids from crude cinchona extract. The 3DOM MIPs were easily prepared by grafting quinine‐MIPs on the pore walls of 3DOM thiol‐group‐functionalized silica. The materials were characterized using various techniques. The results showed that the 3DOM MIPs had a more regular macroporous structure, a greater surface area and a greater porosity than traditional bulk MIPs (TBMIPs). The 3DOM MIPs could reach a high MIP content of 69.9%. And the 3DOM structure could improve intraparticle adsorption and provide more accessible adsorption sites. Consequently, in both static adsorption experiments and solid‐phase extraction (SPE), the actual adsorption capacity of the imprinted polymers of the 3DOM MIPs was about 83% higher than that of TBMIPs. Moreover, the 3DOM MIPs exhibited high affinity for quinine, quinidine and cinchonine. Using the quinine‐3DOM MIPs as SPE sorbent, quinine, quinidine and cinchonine could be effectively purified from crude cinchona extract with high elution recoveries. Control experiments also showed that the 3DOM MIPs were superior to commercially available adsorbents in terms of the purification of cinchona alkaloids from crude extract. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
What and where are periglacial landscapes?
Authors: Murton Julian B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUncertainties about landscape evolution under cold, nonglacial conditions raise a question fundamental to periglacial geomorphology:what and where are periglacial landscapes?To answer this, with an emphasis on lowland periglacial areas, the present study distinguishes between characteristic and polygenetic periglacial landscapes, and considershow complete is the footprint of periglaciation?Using a conceptual framework of landscape sensitivity and change, the study applies four geological criteria (periglacial persistence, extraglacial regions, ice‐rich substrates, and aggradation of sediment and permafrost) through the last 3.5 million years of the late Cenozoic to identify permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere. In limited areas of unglaciated permafrost regions are characteristic periglacial landscapes whose morphology has been adjusted essentially to present (i.e., Holocene interglacial) process conditions, namely thermokarst landscapes, and mixed periglacial–alluvial and periglacial–deltaic landscapes. More widespread in past and present permafrost regions are polygenetic periglacial landscapes, which inherit ancient landsurfaces on which periglacial landforms are superimposed to varying degrees, presently or previously. Such landscapes comprise relict accumulation plains and aprons, frost‐susceptible and nonfrost‐susceptible terrains, cryopediments, and glacial–periglacial landscapes. Periglaciation can produce topographic fingerprints at mesospatial scales (103–105m): (1) relict accumulation plains and aprons form where long‐term sedimentation buried landsurfaces; and (2) plateaux with convexo–concave hillslopes and inset with valleys, formed by bedrock brecciation, mass wasting, and stream incision in frost‐susceptible terrain.
Feeling at home across time and place: A study of Ecuadorians in three European cities
Authors: Boccagni Paolo , Vargas‐Silva Carlos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInternational migration creates significant dilemmas for people to feel at home or not and a meaningful field to investigate this emotional experience. Using a cross‐country survey of Ecuadorians in Madrid, Milan and London (n = 1093), we explore how spatial, relational, infrastructural and emotional variables influence the sense of feeling at home in a place. We link these aspects to length of residence and the location's ‘connectedness’ to Ecuador. Immigrants' sense of feeling at home increases over time, regardless of location or scale. However, feeling at home is positively associated with the location's connectedness to Ecuador. The importance of social relations (especially inviting friends) and infrastructural characteristics for feeling at home in a place also increases over time, contrary to the influence of nostalgic homeland reminders. Overall, Ecuadorians attach a sense of home to their local context of settlement, more than to their homeland. Results are remarkably similar across genders.
Network model‐based screen for FDA‐approved drugs affecting cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Zeigler Angela C. , Chandrabhatla Anirudha S. , Christiansen Steven L. , Nelson Anders R. , Holmes Jeffrey W. , Saucerman Jeffrey J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCardiac fibrosis is a significant component of pathological heart remodeling, yet it is not directly targeted by existing drugs. Systems pharmacology approaches have the potential to provide mechanistic frameworks with which to predict and understand how drugs modulate biological systems. Here, we combine network modeling of the fibroblast signaling network with 36 unique drug‐target interactions from DrugBank to predict drugs that modulate fibroblast phenotype and fibrosis. Galunisertib was predicted to decrease collagen and α‐SMA expression, which we validated in human cardiac fibroblasts. In vivo fibrosis data from the literature validated predictions for 10 drugs. Further, the model was used to identify network mechanisms by which these drugs work. Arsenic trioxide was predicted to induce fibrosis by AP1‐driven TGFβ expression and MMP2‐driven TGFβ activation. Entresto (valsartan/sacubitril) was predicted to suppress fibrosis by valsartan suppression of ERK signaling and sacubitril enhancement of PKG activity, both of which decreased Smad3 activity. Overall, this study provides a framework for integrating drug‐target mechanisms with logic‐based network models, which can drive further studies both in cardiac fibrosis and other conditions.
Integrated and Portable Magnetometer Based on Nitrogen‐Vacancy Ensembles in Diamond
Authors: Stürner Felix M. , Brenneis Andreas , Buck Thomas , Kassel Julian , Rölver Robert , Fuchs Tino , Savitsky Anton , Suter Dieter , Grimmel Jens , Hengesbach Stefan , Förtsch Michael , Nakamura Kazuo , Sumiya Hitoshi , Onoda Shinobu , Isoya Junichi , Jelezko Fedor 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMagnetic field sensors that exploit quantum effects have shown that they can outperform classical sensors in terms of sensitivity enabling a range of novel applications in future, such as a brain machine interface. Negatively charged nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as a promising high sensitivity platform for measuring magnetic fields at room temperature. Transferring this technology from laboratory setups into products and applications, the total size of the sensor, the overall power consumption, and the costs need to be reduced and optimized. Here, a fiber‐based NV magnetometer featuring a complete integration of all functional components is demonstrated without using any bulky laboratory equipment. This integrated prototype allows portable measurement of magnetic fields with a sensitivity of 344 pT Hz−1/2.
David overshadows Goliath: Specializing in generality for internationalization in the global mobile money industry
Authors: Wormald Audra , Agarwal Rajshree , Braguinsky Serguey , Shah Sonali K. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTResearch SummaryWe investigate the emergence of a global industry based on digital innovation by studying how the international expansion of pioneering firms relates to their characteristics and strategies for capability development and deployment. Using detailed archival data on mobile money, we classify pioneers that internationalize based on whether they were multinational diversifying entrants, developed country startups, or developing country startups. Our quantitative evidence suggests developing country startups that internationalize have the highest impact on the industry through subsequent platform launches. Digging deeper into the business histories of each firm, we uncover why: these startups “specialize in generality” by developing and deploying “bundled knowledge” capital consisting of technology, problem solving and alliance management capabilities, thereby offsetting their physical capital scale and scope disadvantages relative to multinational diversifying entrants.Managerial SummaryOur study demonstrates how pioneers in mobile money created and utilized capabilities for international expansion. We show that among pioneers who engaged in internationalization, developing country startups had a greater global footprint than both developed country startups and diversifying entrant multinationals, even though conventional wisdom might predict greater impact for the latter two types. We link such impact of developing country startups to their focus on developing “bundled knowledge” capital, consisting of technology, problem solving, and alliance management capabilities which they could leverage in multiple countries. Not only did these firms grow through collaboration, they created and democratized access to needed financial services worldwide.
Biomimetic nanoporous aerogels from branched aramid nanofibers combining high heat insulation and compressive strength
Authors: Li Jun , Li Huaiyu , Xu Liwei , Wang Lijun , Hu Zhen , Liu Li , Huang Yudong , Kotov Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMaterials combining efficient thermal insulation and high mechanical properties are needed in many areas of technology. Various aerogels provide a convenient design framework for thermal insulators, but they are often brittle. Furthermore, the spectrum of advanced properties is constantly expanding while requirements to the degree of control of the three‐dimensional gel‐forming network is constantly increasing. Here, we report on biomimetic aramid nanofibers aerogels with the structure replicating articular cartilage, prepared by supercritical drying of 3D networks held together by hydrogen bonds. Owing to the branching morphology of the nanofibers, the three‐dimensional nanoscale networks with extensive percolation and high interconnectivity can be obtained. The aerogels showed high porosity with an average open pore size of 21.5 nm and correspondingly low specific density of 0.0081 g/cm3. The aerogels also possess a high compressive strength of 825 kPa at a strain of 80%. Due to the unique aramid chemistry of the parent nanofibers, aramid aerogels combine low thermal conductivity of 0.026 W/m·K with high thermal stability up to 530°C, which is unusually high for polymeric and composite materials of any type, opening a broad range of applications from electronics to space travel.
Incentivizing provision of collective goods: Allocation rules
Authors: Stoddard Brock V. , Cox Caleb A. , Walker James M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn a laboratory experiment, we study the voluntary provision of a divisible collective good. Allocations of the collective good to group members are determined by a third party “allocator” who benefits from increased provision of the collective good, but is rewarded externally. The allocator may resolve the free‐rider problem inherent in provision by assigning shares of the collective good to incentivize cooperation. The flexibility in allocations available to the allocator is varied across three treatment conditions. The highest level of collective good provision is observed within some groups in the mechanism that allows the allocator the greatest flexibility. However, greater flexibility comes at the cost of higher variance in allocation decisions by some allocators, leading to lower levels of provision in some groups.
Spectroscopic methods to quantify molecules of the heme‐biosynthesis pathway: A review of laboratory work and point‐of‐care approaches
Authors: Heckl Christian , Eisel Maximilian , Lang Alexander , Homann Christian , Paal Michael , Vogeser Michael , Rühm Adrian , Sroka Ronald 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpectroscopic methods for quantitative detection of molecules of the heme synthesis and heme metabolism are presented. This can be used to diagnose disease patterns such as iron deficiency, porphyria or free hemoglobin. This article combines an overview of clinical conditions associated with disorders of heme biosynthesis and presents selected laboratory findings in the development of portable diagnostic devices. An iron deficiency measurement device has already been validated as a portable device in clinical trials, two other methods have been tested according to EMA guidelines and are available for use in clinical validation studies. The presented rapid, low‐cost and low‐effort methods can support diagnosis in everyday clinical practice and initiate more targeted therapies, even for rare disease conditions.image
Calcium oxalate urolithiasis in juvenile dogs
Authors: Saver Alexander , Lulich Jody P. , Van Buren Samantha , Furrow Eva 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground: The features of juvenile‐onset calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs have not been previously reported.Methods: Calcium oxalate urolith submissions to the Minnesota Urolith Center between 2012 and 2016 were analyzed to identify those originating from juvenile (≤2 years, n = 510) or mature (7–9 years, n = 39,093) dogs. Breed, sex, urolith salt type and urolith location were compared between groups. Breeds represented in both groups were also compared with respect to sex, urolith salt type and urolith location.Results: French (odds ratios [OR] = 14.7, p < 0.001) and English (OR = 14.3, p < 0.001) Bulldogs were overrepresented in juvenile submissions. All juvenile French and English Bulldogs were male. Across all breeds, juvenile dogs were more likely to be male (89%, p < 0.001) than mature dogs (79%). Juvenile dogs were also more likely to form dihydrate stones compared to mature dogs (33% versus 14%, respectively; p < 0.001). Breed differences were discovered in sex, urolith salt type and stone location.Conclusions: French and English Bulldogs comprise a greater proportion of juvenile calcium oxalate urolith submissions than expected based on their rarity in mature submissions. Inherited risk factors, particularly X chromosome variants, should be investigated due to the strong breed and sex predispositions identified.
Modulation of nociception by amitriptyline hydrochloride in the Speke’s hinge‐back tortoise (Kiniskys spekii)
Authors: Makau Christopher M. , Towett Philemon K. , Abelson Klas S.P. , Kanui Titus I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited studies on the utilization of analgesics in testudines. Management of pain in reptiles is by use of analgesics generally used in other vertebrate species. Evidently, some analgesics considered to be generally effective in reptiles are not effective in certain reptile species.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of amitriptyline hydrochloride on nociceptive behaviour in Speke's hinge‐back tortoise.MethodsTwenty‐four adult Speke‐hinged tortoises weighing 500–700 g were used. The effects of amitriptyline hydrochloride on nociception were evaluated using the formalin, capsaicin and hot plate nociceptive tests. Amitriptyline was administered intracoelomically at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg.ResultsThe higher doses of amitriptyline hydrochloride caused an increase in nociceptive behaviour (time spent in hindlimb withdrawal) on the formalin and capsaicin nociceptive tests, suggesting a potentiating effect. However, the doses used had no significant change in nociceptive behaviour on withdrawal response in the hot plate test.ConclusionsThe study showed that amitriptyline hydrochloride which is widely used in management of neuropathic pain potentiates nociceptive effects in the formalin and capsaicin nociceptive tests in the Speke's hinge‐back tortoise. The hot plate test, which previously has not been reported in these animals, gave results not in line with the other tests and therefore more testing and validation of the test is required. Amitriptyline modulates chemical and thermal pain differently.
Moderating the Impact of Nurse Emigration on the Health Sector: The State and Policy Instrument Choice
Authors: Cabanda Exequiel 
Published: February 2021

This paper offers an unconventional approach to the migration‐development nexus by zooming in on the health sector. Although state strategies promoting nurse migration are widely studied, comprehension on how the state functions as a central actor in emigration is empirically deficient in accounting for the different development levels experienced by sending countries. Drawing from the literature on policy instrument choice, this paper examines how the Philippines as the leading nurse sending state in the world intervenes in the emigration of Filipino nurses and what are the effects of these interventions? Based on a key informant survey (N = 100), regression results show that the state's regulatory authority in the remittance market triggers the positive contribution of nurse remittances on health sector development. This paper concludes by discussing how the choice of policy instruments is a crucial decision point for nurse‐sending countries when maximizing the development impact of emigration on the health sector.
Systematic investigation of new alkaline earth phosphonates based on the linker molecule N,N’‐4,4’‐bipiperidine‐bis(methylenephosphonic acid)
Authors: Steinke Felix , Stock Norbert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA systematic study of the systems M2+/H4L/KOH/H2O, with M2+=Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+ and H4L=N,N’‐4,4’‐bipiperidine‐bis(methylenephosphonic acid) was carried out using high‐throughput methods, including a temperature gradient oven. Overall, six new alkaline earth phosphonates were discovered and structurally characterised by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction. At room temperature the compounds of composition [Mg2(H2O)8(L)] (1), [Ca2(H2O)6(L)] (2), [Sr2(H2O)4(L)] (3) and [Ba2(H2O)9(L)] ⋅ H2O (4) were discovered. They exhibit the same metal to linker ratio, but differ in their water content. Distinct structural changes are observed with an increase in dimensionality of the coordination polymer with increasing ionic radius of the metal ion. At elevated reaction temperatures the two new metal phosphonates [Mg2(H2O)5(L)] (5) and [Ba2(H2O)2(L)] ⋅ 2 H2O (6) were obtained either from the same reaction mixture as for 1 and 4, respectively, or by solid state transformation. The detailed characterisation of the all materials is also reported.
Three new Cd(II)/Zn(II) coordination polymers assembled via dual‐ligand strategy: crystal structures and luminescent properties
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhao Xiao‐han , Guo Li‐da , Wang Bing , Li Fei‐ping , Cao Jin‐jin , Li Wen‐hong , Song Ying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDual‐ligand strategy was used to synthesize three new coordination polymers with the formula as [Cd(HL)(2,2’‐bipy)]n⋅n(H2O) (1), [Cd3(L)2(bib)3(H2O)]n (2), [Zn(HL)(2,2’‐bipy)]n (3) (H3L=biphenyl‐3,4’,5‐tricarboxylic acid, 2,2’‐bipy=2, 2’‐bipyridine, bib=1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl)butane), which were further structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. Compound 1 features a 1D infinite chain structure and π…π interactions between adjacent 1D chains gives rise to a 2D layer and further O−H…O hydrogen bonding interactions between adjacent 2D layers affords a 3D supramolecular framework. Compound 2 shows a 3D framework with unprecedented (3,4)‐connected topology. Compound 3 features a 2D→3D interdigitated supramolecular framework based on 2D hydrogen‐bonding layers that constructed from 1D infinite chain and interchain O−H…O hydrogen bonding interactions. Luminescence investigations revealed that compound 1 shows interesting tunable luminescence via altering the excitation wavelength, and compound 2–3 show intense unimodal emission luminescence at room temperature.