bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Follow-Up of Children Exposed to Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: A Historical Cohort Study Form 2000 to 2017, in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Authors: Calvo Karen da Silva , Knauth Daniela Riva , Hentges Bruna , Leal Andrea Fachel , Silva Mariana Alberto da , Silva Danielle Lodi , Vasques Samantha Correa , Hamester Letícia , Silva Daila Alena Raenck da , Dorneles Fernanda Vaz , Fraga Fernando Santana , Bobek Paulo Ricardo , Teixeira Luciana Barcellos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: There are many inequalities in terms of prevention and treatment for pregnant women with HIV and exposed children in low and middle income countries. The Brazilian protocol for prenatal care includes rapid diagnostic testing for HIV, compulsory notification, and monitoring by the epidemiological surveillance of children exposed to HIV until 18 months after delivery. The case is closed after HIV serology results are obtained. Loss to follow-up is defined as a child who was not located at the end of the case, and, therefore, did not have a laboratory diagnosis. Loss to follow-up is a current problem and has been documented in other countries. This study analyzed the incidence of loss to follow-up of children exposed to HIV and the sociodemographic, behavioral and health variables of associated pregnant women. Methods: This historical cohort study included information on pregnant women living with HIV and the outcome of the child’s exposure to HIV. The association between predictors and the child’s outcome as a loss to follow-up was investigated using the Poisson Regression model. Relative Risk calculations were performed. The significance level of 5% was adopted for variables in the adjusted model. Results: Between 2000 and 2017, of 6,836 children exposed to HIV, 1,763 (25.8%) were classified as loss to follow-up. The factors associated were: maternal age of up to 22 years (aRR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09-1.43), the mother’s self-declared race/color being black or mixed (aRR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.25), up to three years of schooling (aRR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.26-1.67), between four and seven years of schooling (aRR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.28), intravenous drug use (aRR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12-1.50), and HIV diagnosis during prenatal care or at delivery (aRR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.24-1.52). Conclusion: Variables related to the individual, social and programmatic vulnerability of pregnant women were evidenced.
Study of Ventricular Interdependence in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Abdelrehim Ahmad Bahieldeen Ahmad , Ahmed Ahmed Abdel Haleem , Elgendi Salwa Salah , Muhammad Walaa Hosny 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and objectivesStudy of respiratory variations in mitral valve (MV) Doppler flow in hemodialysis (HD) patients has not been investigated and normal adult referenced echocardiographic value is used as an echocardiographic reference to HD patients who have unique hemodynamic. This work aimed to study the respiratory variation in MV Doppler flow in HD patients to determine if it has a unique pattern in these patients, and to study any relation between this variation and volume-related parameters.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study, carried out on 118 patients who underwent regular HD. A standard echocardiography was performed on the patients before and within 6 hs after dialysis. During quiet breathing, the transmitral spectral Doppler E wave was measured during inspiratory and expiratory phases using plethysmography breath-cycle chest-adhesive electrodes. The mathematic differences and the percent changes (ventricular interdependent; VI) in E wave were calculated pre-and post-dialysis. Post dialysis difference in the percent changes (∆ E wave % changes) was calculated as follows: pre-dialysis percent changes of E wave – post dialysis percent changes of E wave/pre dialysis percent changes E wave x 100. ResultsThe means of the mathematic differences between the MV inspiratory and expiratory E pre-and post-dialysis were 0.07 ± 0.18 m/s and 0.08 ± 0.22 m/s respectively with an insignificant difference between both phases; p = 0.337. Meanwhile, the means of the percent variation in the MV inspiratory and expiratory E pre-and post-dialysis were 56 ± 7 % and 44 ± 1.1 % respectively, with a significant reduction after dialysis; P = 0.000. Spearman correlation showed a significant positive correlation between post- dialysis ∆ E wave % change and post-dialysis % change of weight (r = 0.318; P = 0.000). Moreover, post- dialysis % change of weight and post- dialysis % changes of most other volume-related variable were independent predictors of post- dialysis ∆ E wave % in HD patients. ConclusionThe pre- and post- dialysis respiratory changes in the MV E wave in HD patients were higher than the normal adult referenced values. This marked variation could be explained by the unique overloading condition and could explain the LV diastolic dysfunction and the unexplained pulmonary hypertension in HD patients.
Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Ecological Risk from Potential Toxic Elements in the Southern Littoral Zone of İzmir Inner Gulf, Turkey
Authors: Ozkan Ebru Yesim , Fural Şakir , Kükrer Serkan , Büyükışık Hasan Baha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the ecological risk level of İzmir Inner Gulf. Based on the findings, port, industry, settlement and transportation activities generated Mo, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn enrichment. Modified hazard quotient (MHQ) point to a high level of pollution and toxic effects for Ni and Cr; significant pollution and toxic effects for As and Hg, and moderate pollution and toxic effects for Pb, Zn, Cu. According to the ecological contamination index (ECI), the inner gulf is significantly-highly polluted. Toxic risk index (TRI) and potantial ecological risk index (PERI) are also consistent with these data. According to the ECI, the inner gulf is significantly/highly polluted. TRI and the PERI are also consistent with these data. Cd has created a significant ecological risk in all seasons due to its high toxicity. Cu and Pb have caused moderate ecological risk in local areas near the port. A moderate potential ecological risk has been identified in all seasons throughout the inner gulf.
Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of the Molecular Mechanisms of Two Highland Barley Genotypes with Differential Pyroxsulam Responses
Authors: Weng Hua , Yan Jiahui , Guo Liangzhi , Chen Hongyu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Highland barley is one of the few crops that can be grown at high elevations, making it a key resource within the Tibet Plateau. Weeds are a significant threat to highland barley production and new herbicides and tolerant barley varieties are needed to control this ever-growing problem. Results: A better understanding of existing herbicide resistance mechanisms is therefore needed. In this study, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to identify molecular and physiological changes in two highland barley genotypes with differing sensitivities to pyroxsulam. We identified several stress-responsive metabolites, including flavonoids and antioxidants, which accumulated to significantly higher levels in the pyroxsulam-resistant genotype. Additionally, we found key genes in both the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and the antioxidant system were up-regulated in pyroxsulam-resistant barley. Conclusions: This work significantly expands on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying differing pyroxsulam tolerance among barley genotypes and provides several new avenues to explore for breeding or engineering tolerant barley.
Experimental And Theoretical Studies of Green Synthesized Cu2O Nanoparticles Using Datura Metel L
Authors: Chinnaiah Karuppaiah , Maik Vivek , Kannan Karthik , Potemkin V. , Grishina M. , Gohulkumar M. , Tiwari Ratnesh , Gurushankar K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In biomedical applications, Cu2O nanoparticles are of great interest. The bioengineered route is eco-friendly for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, in the present study, there is an attempt to synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticles using Datura metel L. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, and FT-IR. UV-Vis results suggest the presence of hyoscyamine, atropine in Datura metel L, and also, nanoparticles formation has been confirmed by the presence of absorption peak at 790 nm. The average crystallite size (19.56 nm) obtained by XRD. Further, the various functional groups have been confirmed through FT-IR. To highlight the peak of the dominant frequencies, Fourier Power Spectrum was also used to analyze the synthesized nanomaterials spectrum results. Density functional theory (DFT) further also used over a period of time to measure the energy of the substance, which seems to suggest a stable compound. Furthermore, the calculated energies, thermodynamic characteristics (such as enthalpies, entropies, Gibbs-free energies), modeled structures of complexes, crystals, and clusters, and predicted yields, rates, and regio- and stereospecificity of reactions were in good agreement with the experimental ones. Overall, the findings indicate the successful synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticles using Datura metel L. correlates with theoretical study.
Densification of Carbon Nanotubes During Growth
Authors: Alzahrani Ahmed Obaid M , Alayash Meshari , Alghamdi Salem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are highly attractive for research purposes due to their field emission properties. However, when the nanotubes are vertically aligned on a substrate to form a continuous film, screening effect is observed, which reduces the efficiency. To densify the tubes into bundles and eliminate this screening effect, costly lithography patterning of catalysts and post-growth chemical treatments have been previously reported. In this work, we report a novel, cheap, and reproducible technique of densifying the growth of carbon nanotubes by utilizing a colloidal catalyst and microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. A qualitative investigation was carried out, and a possible densification mechanism was proposed.
The Risk Factors For The Failure of Hook Wire Localization of Ground Glass Nodules Prior To Thoracoscopic Surgery
Authors: Ala Musu , Liu Junzhong , Kou Jieli , Wang Xinhua , Sun Minfeng , Hao Changcheng , Wu Jianlin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To retrospectively analyse the potential influencing factors of CT-guided hook wire localization failure prior to thoracoscopic resection surgery of ground glass nodules (GGNs), and determine the main risk elements for localization failure.Methods: In all, 372 patients were included in this study, with 21 patients showing localization failure. The related parameters of patients, GGNs, and localization were analysed through univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors of localization failure.Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that trans-fissure (odds ratio [OR]: 4.896, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.489–13.939); trans-emphysema (OR: 3.538, 95%CI: 1.343–8.827); localization time (OR: 0.956, 95%CI: 0.898–1.019); multi-nodule localization (OR: 2.597, 95%CI: 1.050–6.361); and pneumothorax (OR: 10.326, 95%CI: 3.414–44.684) were risk factors for localization failure, and the p-values of these factors were <0.05. However, according to the results of multivariate analysis, pneumothorax (OR: 5.998, 95%CI: 1.680–28.342) was an exclusive risk factor for the failure of preoperative localization of GGNs.Conclusion: CT-guided hook wire localization of GGNs prior to thoracoscopic surgery is often known to fail; however, the incidence is low. Pneumothorax is an independent risk factor for failure in the localization process.
The association of maternal postpartum depression with infant weight growth: a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: He Qiong , Cheng Gang , He Simin , Tian Gang , Xie Xiaowei , Jiang Ni , Min Xianying , Li Chao , Li Rui , Shi Yan , Zhou Tong , Yan Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Untreated maternal postpartum depression has consequences for infant weight, which may vary with infant growth time and postpartum depression duration. Dynamic assessment of the association between maternal postpartum depression and infant weight growth is crucial for early detection of the suspicious abnormal effects of maternal postpartum depression on infant weight growth and taking corresponding intervention measures. But, none of published studies continuously and dynamically evaluated these effect changes on infant weight growth. This study was aimed to evaluate the dynamic effects of maternal postpartum depression on infant weight growth at a prospective birth cohort.
Methods

960 mother-infant pairs between 2015 to 2018 in Changsha, China were followed up at ages of 1, 3, 6, 8, and 12 months. Data were obtained through household surveys. Depression of mothers was assessed at 1 month postpartum. Linear mixed models and generalized estimating equation models were used to test the connection and its changes between maternal postpartum depression and infant weight growth at five different periods of 1–12 months.
Results

8.0% of mothers reported postpartum depression. Adjusted linear mixed models showed a negative association between maternal depression at 1-month postpartum and infant weight at 1 month, 1–3 months, 1–6 months, 1–8 months, and 1–12 months, in which infants with depressed mothers were the lighter weight of 0.14kg (95%CI:0.02, 0.25), 0.13kg (95%CI:0.02, 0.24), 0.13kg (95%CI:0.02, 0.24), 0.13kg (95%CI:0.02, 0.24), and 0.16kg (95%CI:0.04, 0.27) relative to not depressed respectively. Generalized estimating equation models showed a positive association between maternal depression at 1-month postpartum and infant underweight at 1 month and 1–3 months, in which infants of maternal depression had higher risk ratio of underweight in 3.19 (95%CI:1.38, 7.34) and 3.19(95%CI:1.32, 7.70) compared to those mothers were not depressed accordingly.
Conclusions

Maternal postpartum depression was continuously associated with a lighter weight of ifants from 1 to 12 months and higher risk of being underweight in infants from 1 to 3 months. It seems important to put early prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of maternal depression into practice as soon as possible to avoid adverse consequences.
Comparison of Chemotherapy With PD-1/L1 or CTLA-4 Inhibitors Alone Or In Combination In Advanced Or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta- Analysis
Authors: Gu Lihu , Liang Jiali , Dai Wei , Li Jiayu , Si Yuexiu , Ren Wei , Lu Yan , Chen Ping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: In spite of the wide use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whether ICIs or conventional chemotherapy is more effective still remains controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of giving patients programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) alone or in their combination (PD-1/L1 + CTLA-4) versus simply applying chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC.Methods: This meta-analysis was conducted from PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to March 2021 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoint was adverse events (AEs). Results: The search process has identified 13 studies containing 7918 patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. The benefit of PD-1/L1 or CTLA-4 inhibitors alone or in combination compared with chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic NSCLC was elucidated in both overall survival (OS) [HR=0.75, 95%CI (0.70-0.80), P<0.001] and progression-free survival (PFS) [HR=0.83, 95%CI (0.73-0.95), P<0.001]. Sex is another vital factor that affects the efficacy of ICIs. Male [HR=0.71, 95%CI (0.63-0.81)] benefits more from ICIs than the female [HR 0.80, 95%CI (0.68-0.94)] in OS. Besides, ICIs were associated with fewer AEs compared to chemotherapy.Conclusion: PD-1/L1 or CTLA-4 inhibitors alone or in combination, with fewer AEs, was associated with significant improvements in terms of OS and PFS than chemotherapy in treatment of advanced or metastatic NSCLC.
Improvement Lipophagy by Restoring Rab7 Cycle: Protective Effects of Quercetin on Ethanol-Induced Liver Steatosis
Authors: Lin Hongkun , Guo Xiaoping , Liu Jingjing , Liu Peiyi , Mei Guibin , Li Hongxia , Li Dan , Chen Huimin , Chen Li , Zhao Ying , Jiang Chunjie , Yu Yaqin , Liu Wen , Yao Ping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic alcohol consumption induces lipophagy retard which contributes the pathogenesis of liver steatosis. Lipophagy-related Rab7 responsible for the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes has been presumed as a crucial regulator on the progression of alcohol liver disease (ALD) despite elusive mechanisms. More importantly, whether hepatoprotective quercetin targets Rab7-associated lipophagy disorder or not, still remains uncertain. Results: ALD mice were induced by chronic-plus-single-binge ethanol feeding that manifested by hampering autophagosomes formation with lipid droplets (LDs) and fuse with lysosomes compared with the normal control, which was normalized partially by quercetin. GST-RILP pulldown assay of Rab7 indicated an improved GTP-Rab7 as quercetin treatment for ethanol-feeding mice. Lipophagy was blocked when HepG2 cells were transfected with siRNA-Rab7, which was reversed through co-transfection of Rab7Wt plasmid. Rab7-specific inhibitor CID1067700 aggravated ethanol-induced steatosis and autophagic flux disruption visualized by immunofluorescence co-localization analysis and mCherry-GFP-LC3 transfection. HepG2 cells overexpressing Rab7Wt show a stronger alleviation on alcohol-induced lipophagy dysfunction than Rab7Q67L. Furthermore, TBC1D5 responsible for Rab7 inactivation was downregulated after alcohol administration, but regained by quercetin. Rab7 circulation retarded by ethanol and corrected by quercetin was further revealed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Conclusions: Chronic alcoholic not only inactivates Rab7 but also retards TBC1D5-mediated Rab7 turnover, synergistically obstructing lipophagy flux and promoting ethanol-induced steatosis. Quercetin attenuates adipohepatic degeneration by normalizing ethanol-imposed Rab7 disorders and subsequent lipophagy disturbance, highlighting a novel mechanism and promising prospect of quercetin-like phytochemicals against the crucial first hit from the alcohol.
Adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of UK and European hand surgery units
Authors: Shaw Abigail V , Holmes David GW , Jansen Victoria , Fowler Christy L , Wormald Justin CR , Wade Ryckie G , Reay Emma K , Gardiner Matthew D , Collaborative* on behalf of the #RSTNCOVID Hand 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hand surgery services had to rapidly adapt to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of the Reconstructive Surgery Trials Network #RSTNCOVID hand surgery survey was to document the changes made in the United Kingdom and Europe and consider which might persist.A survey developed by the Reconstructive Surgery Trials Network, in association with the British Association of Hand Therapists, was distributed to hand surgery units across the UK and Europe after the first wave of COVID-19. It was completed by one consultant hand surgeon at each of the 44 units that responded.Adult and paediatric trauma was maintained but elective services stopped. Consultations were increasingly virtual and surgery was more likely to be under local anaesthetic and in a lower resource setting.Many of the changes are viewed as being beneficial. However, it is important to establish that they are clinically and cost effective. These survey results will help prioritise and support future research initiatives.*The authors wish to acknowledge the RSTN Hand Collaborative; an official list of collaborators/individuals and institutions that participated in the study can be found in its entirety in the Declarations section.
Molecular Evolution of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype F in Latin America
Authors: Wolf Jonas , Mazeto Thiago Kastell , Pereira Vagner Reinaldo Zingalli Bueno , Simon Daniel , Lunge Vagner Ricardo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype F evolution is not completely understood in Latin America. This study aims to evaluate the molecular evolution of HBV-F in Latin America by comparing 224 whole-genome sequences. Bayesian coalescent analysis was performed to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor. Four main clades were formed dated back between 1245 and 1730. Also, four subclades were identified dated back between 1705 and 1801. HBV-F overall effective population size grew in the 18th century and showed an initial circulation of HBV-F from Venezuela to other countries from Latin America.
Towards a Green Economy in Europe: Does Renewable Energy Production Has Asymmetric Effects On Unemployment?
Authors: Naqvi Sameen , Wang Jinchao , Ali Rizwan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy production is necessary for digital society; it is also beneficial for labour market and sustainable development. This paper examines the impact of renewable energy production on unemployment rate by employing panel NARDL-PMG and robust asymmetric quantile regression for European countries from 1991 to 2019. The results reveal that renewable energy production is significantly reduced unemployment in European countries in long run. The renewable energy production effect is found significant in the asymmetric model, specifically, in European countries; a positive change in renewable energy production has a negative significant impact on unemployment, and a negative change in renewable energy production has a positive significant impact on unemployment in long-run. The GDP, investment, and technology innovation process is found to be triggered in labour market by reducing the unemployment rate in the long-run. In addition, the asymmetric effects of renewable energy production on unemployment growth are robust in the different quantile regression. The findings suggest some insightful policy implications for government officials and policymakers.
Pectolinarin Inhibited LPS-stimulated Inflammation in Microglial BV 2 Cells via NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Feng Xiao , Jian Shao-Qin , Yu Hao-Heng , Li Jing-Jing , Ma Ting , Zhang Jun , Wang Lei , Zhang Yao-Dong , Yang Hai-Jie , Cheng Bin-Feng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Neuro-inflammation is regarded as one of the critical pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases, which is characterized by the activated microglial cells. Pectolinarin (Pec), a natural flavonoid exists in many Chinese herbal medicines, has been reported to have various biological activities. However, the effects and mechanisms on neuro-inflammation are not clear. Methods: In this study, the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of Pec on neuro-inflammation were investigated in the LPS-stimulated microglial BV2 cells. BV2 microglial cells were treated with Pec or vehicle (1% DMSO), followed by LPS. ELISA, RT-PCR, NO assay, and Western blot were performed to examine the effects of Pec on neuro-inflammatory responses. Results: We showed that Pec significantly inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in mRNA and protein levels induced by LPS. Moreover, the production of NO, iNOS and COX-2 were suppressed by Pec in LPS-stimulated microglial BV2 cells. In addition, Pec inhibited LPS-induced inflammation via NF-κB signaling pathway, as evidenced by reduction of the phosphorylation of IKK, the degradation of IκBα and the nuclear translocation of p65.Conclusions: Taken together, Pec exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated microglial BV2 cells via NF-κB signaling pathway, which might provide therapeutic potential for neuro-inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.