bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fārābī’s Theory of Language and Its Relevance to Contemporary Issues in Universal Grammar and Cognitive Semantics
Authors: Asghar Jamil , Shahzad Khurram 
Published: December 2024

Abū Naṣr Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-Fārābī (d. 339/950), a renowned Muslim philosopher, logician, and a polymath, is relatively lesser known for his contribution to the study of language, and most of his introductions are based on his politico-philosophical writings. The present paper seeks to throw light on Fārābī’s contribution to linguistics and critically compare it with the ideas of some of the most notable contemporary linguists, chiefly with those of Noam Chomsky. The study traces remarkable similarities as well as crucial differences. Fārābī’s Kitāb al-Ḥurūf (Book of Letters) contains many of his ideas, which harbingered some of the most far-reaching linguistic theories/disciplines of the twentieth century, including universal grammar, cognitive semantics, formal semantics, Saussurean structuralism, and discourse studies. Writers and researchers as diverse as Ian R. Netton, Peter Adamson, Muhammad Ali Khalidi, Richard Rudolph Walzer, Thérèse-Anne Druart, Charles Butterworth, and Nadja Germann have played a significant role over the recent years to highlight Fārābī’s accomplishments in the field of linguistics. The present-day language-related issues allow us to appreciate more profitably the singularity of Fārābī as an exceedingly perceptive linguist and a semanticist. This paper too is a contribution to this tradition.
Literasi Dasar untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar Inpres Akle, Semau Selatan
Authors: Nahak Kristina E. Noya , Koroh Lanny I. D. , Nitte Yulsy M. , Broster Mark 
Published: December 2024

Pendidikan pada masa kini mengalami ancaman yang serius karena kurangnya kesadaran dalam menanamkan literasi sejak dini. Persoalan lain yang masih ditemukan adalah rendahnya sumber daya manusia, kurangnya fasilitas sarana dan prasarana sebagai pendukung utama serta ketidaktrampilan guru maupun peserta didik dalam menciptakan lingkungan pembelajran yang kondusif. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan literasi dasar pada Sekolah Dasar Inpres Akle, Semau Selatan. Upaya ini bertujuan agar guru, siswa dan orang tua menyadari bahwa penanaman literasi dasar secara baik sejak dini dapat mempermudah guru maupun siswa untuk berdaptasi dengan berbagai isu perkembangan global di masa kini. Tujuan lainnya adalah guru maupun siswa termotivasi untuk mengembangkan kemampuan yang dimiliki serta menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang berilmu dan berkarakter. Dengan adanya literasi dasar maka guru, siswa dan orang tua lebih dipermudah untuk memahami dan mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan yang telah dipelajari dalam kehidupan setiap hari.
Effectiveness of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Management in Prolanis Participants at the BPJS Kesehatan Sibolga
Authors: Sitompul Ester Maria Suzanne , As Shidieq Firdaus Hafidz 
Published: December 2024

BPJS Kesehatan aims to improve the health of participants suffering from Type 2 DM through the Chronic Disease Management Program “Prolanis” (Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis) strategy implemented at Primary Health Care (PHC). Program success is measured by the outcomes of controlled Fasting Blood Sugar status and the cost-effectiveness of Prolanis. This research was conducted to determine the cost-effectiveness of Prolanis in treating Type 2 DM. Analytical cross-sectional research using secondary data from BPJS Kesehatan in the Sibolga Branch Office work area in 2020-2022 on Type 2 DM participants who took Prolanis and Non-Prolanis. The analysis used univariate, bivariate, multiple logistic regression, and ICER cost analysis. Characteristics of Prolanis participants, age, number of visits, and Body Mass Index showed a significant relationship with the achievement of controlled fasting blood sugar. The average fasting blood sugar of Prolanis and Non-Prolanis participants in 2021-2022 did not significantly differ. Still, the proportion of controlled fasting blood sugar of Prolanis participants was greater than that of Non-Prolanis participants. The total cost of Prolanis in a row for 2020-2022 is IDR 1,437,411,273, IDR 2,706,895,281, and IDR 2,751,510,452. The total cost of Non Prolanis for 2020-2022 is IDR 5,861,773,361; IDR 7,807,455,547,-; IDR 10,291,812,544,-. The ICER for each controlled fasting blood sugar proportion varies from 2020-2022 IDR 462,489; IDR 201,473; IDR 362,856. Prolanis expenditure at the Sibolga Branch Office is higher, but the clinical effectiveness of the proportion of controlled fasting blood sugar participants is better than that of non-Prolanis participants
The effect of substrate temperature on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of CO3O4 thin films
Authors: Bali Khadidja , Beggas Azzeddine , Gahtar Abdelouahab 
Published: December 2024

This study aims to create cobalt oxide layers using the spray pyrolysis approach. During this process, a cobalt chloride (COCl2.6H2O) aqueous solution is sprayed onto preheated glass substrate at temperatures in the range of 250°C to 400°C. To evaluate and characterize the structural, optical, morphological, and electrical characteristics of the samples, several techniques were employed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption measurements, and the four-point probe process. Structural analysis of the X-ray diffraction displayed that Co3O4 developed in a controlled manner, forming a cubic structure. The films were found to grow preferentially along the (111) or (331) directions depending on the temperature of the substrate. Furthermore, (XRD) analysis clearly indicated that the average Co3O4 grain size increased with higher substrate temperatures. Observations of the surface morphology indicated some overgrowth of cobalt oxide clusters alongside the presence of nanocrystalline grains, and small spherical particles are well distributed at both substrate temperatures of 250°C and 400°C. Optical studies revealed direct bandgap values ranging from 1.46 to 2.05 eV. The highest conductivity measured was 1.29 S/cm at a temperature of 400 °C. It's observed that as the substrate temperature rises, the electric conductivity of the prepared samples also increases.
Effect of temperature and doping on the structural and optical properties of copper oxide CuO nanopowders synthesized by sol-gel technique
Authors: Rabie Bacha , Abderrahmane Chaieb , Lazhar Bouchetout Ahmed , Slimane Chala , Yassine Naoui 
Published: December 2024

In this work, pure, doped CuO nano-powders were prepared by the sol-gel deposition technique. In this preparation of the “CuO” powder, we used the precursor (CuCl2, 2H2O). We studied its structural, morphological, and optical properties. The annealing temperature effect on the size of CuO crystallites was also studied. The structural, microstructure, and optical absorption analyses for its nanoparticles were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR),scanning microscopy (SEM),and UV-visible spectrophotometry were implemented. The X-ray diffraction analysis, therefore, revealed the presence of the monoclinic structure of CuO. The average size of the crystallites increases with the increase in the annealing temperature. Concerning nano-powders doped with ZnO, the grain size also increases with the rise in the annealing temperature and the percentage of ZnO added. The study of the optical properties of pure CuO powder has shown band gap values of around 3.88 eV and 3.89 eV.
PERAN GURU DALAM KEBIJAKAN MERDEKA BELAJAR DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA TERHADAP PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI SMA SIBOLGA
Authors: Sijabat Anthony Hardinal , Tampubolon` Abdul Rahim 
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the role of teachers in the context of the learning merdeka policy and how it influences the learning process at MAN Sibolga. The research background arises from the learning merdeka policy and its significant changes in the education sector. Teachers, as primary agents in the learning process, play various roles in implementing this policy, such as serving as facilitators supporting students' learning freedom, being innovative and creative in their teaching approaches, and acting as catalysts for positive changes within the school environment. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature approach, which makes it possible to understand the role of teachers in learning merdeka through a review of relevant literature and theory. Hopefuly that the findings of this study will provide deeper insights into how the teacher's role can be enhanced within the context of the learning merdeka policy and its impact on the learning process in the school.
From Divergence to Convergence: Degrees of Formality in the Connections Between Two Flemish Progressive Political Parties and Organised Civil Society
Authors: Martin Nick 
Published: December 2024

From Divergence to Convergence: Degrees of Formality in the Connections Between Two Flemish Progressive Political Parties and Organised Civil Society
How do political parties and civil society organisations (CSOs) navigate their relationships in the context of the profound change affecting party systems and civil society in recent decades? To answer this question, I develop a typology of party-CSO connections and undertake a comparative case study of the connections between two progressive parties and a cross-section of CSOs in the region of Flanders. I find that these connections have converged on a very similar pattern and explain this convergence in terms of the politicisation of public policymaking in Flanders and the pragmatic approach of mainstream civil society to representing the claims of their constituencies. My study suggests that to fully understand the patterns of connection between political parties and organised civil society, researchers need to consider the influence of policymaking institutions and the strategies of both parties and civic groups in pursuing their goals within those institutions.
Instrument of Institutional Empowerment? An Explorative Study of the Local Council Chair in Flanders
Authors: Reuse Raf , Verhelst Tom 
Published: December 2024

Instrument of Institutional Empowerment? An Explorative Study of the Local Council Chair in Flanders
Since 2007, Flemish local councils have been entitled to appoint their own chair, ending the mandatory combination of mayoralty and council chairmanship. The Flemish government initiated this reform to encourage the appointment of non-executive councillors as chairs, aiming to strengthen the council’s overall position. Through an explorative study of five types of council chairs, our article examines whether and how chairs can empower the council and whether chairs without an executive office succeed better in doing so. Based on a new typology of the office, we consider the chair’s role along three dimensions: (1) inside empowerment of the council, (2) partisanship and (3) outside empowerment of the office to the community. We find that while all types of chairs strive to empower the council within government, the non-executive chairs act less partisan and emerge as the council’s spokesperson. These findings suggest that a non-executive chair offers more guarantees to advance the council’s position.
THE PREVALENCE OF URINARY INCONTINENCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN OF SECOND TRIMESTER IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS PESHAWAR
Authors: Gul Saima 
Published: December 2024

Background:
A urinary incontinence (UI) is when urine is removed or leaked without conscious control. This common and embarrassing issue costs people significantly in terms of socioeconomic costs, loss of quality of life, and morbidity. During this time before giving birth, women frequently experience their first UI.

Objectives:
To check urinary incontinence among different aged groups of female with multiple pregnancy.
Methods:
After the approval of research proposal from graduate committee, permission was obtained from head of departments of all the specific departments in hospitals. In order to achieve a higher number of women in a shorter period of time, we collected the data from those patients who were admitted in wards. Patients meeting inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. The data was collected using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ).
Results:
Mean age of subjects is 29.36 with a standard deviation of 7.96. Urinary incontinence is more prevalent in age group of 30-39 years with the percentage of 70 %. In second trimester the prevalence of urinary incontinence is 60.1%. It is also common once or twice during a day with the percentage of 26.7%. Estimates of the prevalence of incontinence in women are highly variable. These inconsistent results can be largely attributed to the adoption of various incontinence definitions.
Conclusions:
As the number of gestational week’s increases, UI symptoms in pregnancy become more common. In the majority of cases, the most common type of SUI causes only a small amount of urine loss. Several studies have found that UI causes pregnant women to experience mild to moderate amounts of discomfort. UI has a major negative impact on pregnant women's quality of life.
The Impact of Manual Assisted Cough Technique on Peak Cough Flow and Pulmonary Function in Patients with Incomplete Cervical Spine Injury
Authors: Nadeem Ahmad Dr Nadeem 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background:
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in motor and sensory impairments below the site of injury, with various causes contributing to its occurrence. Incidence rates of SCI are higher in males, and the distribution across different age groups varies. In cases of incomplete cervical spine injury, individuals may experience reduced peak cough flow (PCF) and pulmonary function. The Manually Assisted Cough (MAC) technique has been proposed as a potential intervention to address these outcomes.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the MAC technique in improving PCF and pulmonary functions in patients with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 participants with Incomplete Cervicale Spinal Cord Injury were selected through convenient sampling at the Paraplegic Center in Peshawar. The MAC technique was administered for four weeks, and PCF was measured as the primary outcome. Data analysis utilized R and SPSS, with paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA employed to assess improvements and differences in device readings before and after the intervention, respectively. Inclusion criteria encompassed PCF below 50%, ASIA scale C and D classification, and an age range of 25 to 40 years for both genders. Exclusion criteria involved upper cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine injuries, tuberculosis, degenerative diseases, surgical cases, and complete spinal cord injury.
Results:
The study includes 82.1% males and 17.9% females with C4 (17.9%), C5 (25.0%), C6 (42.9%), and C7 (14.3%) injuries. The paired t tests results show significant improvement in device reading spirometer (p=0.009), peak flowmeter (p=5.554e-07), pulse oximeter (p=0.1596) after intervention with null hypothesis rejected at 95% C.I. Generalized linear regression model demonstrated spirometer readings has significant impact on improvement scores (p=4.74e-15 ***). The study also demonstrated a significant improvement in the patients with specific spinal cord injury.
Conclusion: MAC technique is effective in treating pulmonary functions in patients with spinal cord injuries. Since the improvement scores were based on device readings before and after interventions, spirometer reading was observed to be significantly changed after treatment.
<b>Ergonomic risk assessment and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders among physiotherapist</b>
Authors: Saima Saima 
Published: December 2024

Objective: Ergonomic risk in a workplace environment can result in musculoskeletal disorders in physiotherapists, because of their demanding work, it is a major contributor to work-related musculoskeletal upper limb disorders WRULDs. This study aimed to assess the ergonomics risks and their association with WRULDs among physiotherapists.
METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate ergonomic risk and work-related upper limb disorders. The sample was 204 physiotherapists aged between 24 to 40 years from the clinical setups of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, with a minimum experience of one-year experience and working for 5 hours per day. Demographic data were collected, a standardized Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire for the evaluation of WRULDs. The posture was assessed through pen and paper observational method using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) sheet.
RESULTS: In the study, 62% of physiotherapists had reported upper limb disorders. The order of pain was shoulder > wrist > elbow. Postural assessment on RULA scale showed a mean of 4.26 ±1.18. The result showed, 112 (65.8%) participants were at a low level of risk, 49 (28.8%) of participants were at medium risk, and 9 (5.2%) were at a high level of risk. The work-related
upper limb disorders were significantly associated with ergonomic risk.
CONCLUSION: The study concluded ergonomic risk is common among physiotherapists, and there is a need to implement change in the working posture. It is further concluded that there is an association between ergonomic risk and musculoskeletal problems of the upper limb.
“PREVALENCE OF KINESIOPHOBIA AND DISCONTENTMENT IN POST LAMINECTOMY PATIENTS AND ITS IMPACT ON LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY- A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY”
Authors: Afridi Baz Meer 
Published: December 2024

Background: A laminectomy is a type of spine decompression used to treat stenosis. Fear of motion was known as kinesiophobia. Patients who are unhappy with their surgery results may be less likely to exercise, which could have a major impact on their quality of life. Methodology: The 126 post-laminectomy patients using non-probability convenience sampling, from Prime Teaching Hospital and Irfan General Hospital Peshawar were included. The Tampa scale was used for kinesiophobia, the Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ8) to assess post-operative satisfaction or dissatisfaction, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess physical activity in post-laminectomy patients. Result: Out of 126 participants 71 (56.35%) males and 55 (43.65%) were females. The mean age of participants was 44.10±9.635 years. Kinesiophobia affects 81.7%, 14(11.1%), participant shows very low level of satisfaction, 41(32.5%) participants show low satisfaction 48(38.1%) participants show moderate level of satisfaction and 23(18.3%) participants shows high level of satisfaction regarding surgical intervention. P-value of kinesiophobia and physical activity is 0.060 and surgical satisfaction and physical activity value is 0.230. Conclusion: This study shows that kinesiophobia and post-operative dissatisfaction have a substantial detrimental impact on patients' overall level of physical activity, which in turn affects their physical, emotional, and social well-being.
MODERN INSTRUMENTAL APPROACHES TO MODELLING THE COMMERCIAL BANK’S FINANCIAL INVESTMENT POLICY
Authors: Serhiienko Olena , Volosnikova Nataliia , Kochorba Valeriia , Yehorova Yuliіa , Kolomiiets Yuliya 
Published: December 2024

The article considers a complex of modern analytical approaches to the systematic modelling of the commercial bank's financial investment policy based on international practice. The authors examine the key aspects of modelling and analytical technologies that determine the strategic decisions of banking institutions in the field of financial investment, in particular, taking into account global economic and financial trends.The article highlights model and methodological approaches and tools used to analyze and forecast market conditions, risks and profitability in the context of banks' financial investments.The research purpose is to expand the instrumental apparatus and prove the significance of the technology's role and the implementation of a wide range of methods and modern international approaches to modelling the commercial banks' financial investment policy in the direction of strategic development in the context of global megatrends.The research is based on the tools of models of spatial econometric analysis (panel data), adaptive forecasting of dynamic series, multivariate data analysis, cluster and discriminant analysis.The paper presents an aggregated instrumental basis for the main key directions, namely analysis of the bank's financial indicators; assessment of the stock market's business activity level; classification and grouping of economic objects according to the investment attractiveness level. The data of the studied area interact and complement each other, allowing us to comprehensively generalize and objectively present the fundamental basis for decision-making.As a result of these stages' implementation, we can determine the optimal financial investment strategies, which contribute to increasing the commercial banks' efficiency and stability in the modern conditions of globalization and financial instability. An analytical view of the study of international approaches makes the article relevant for specialists in the fields of finance, economics and banking.
Entendimento dos profissionais de saúde sobre o protocolo de sepse em pediatria: um recorte de um hospital público de ensino
Authors: Silva Jorgnelma Ferreira , Santos Erlane Ribeiro dos , Sabino Camile Xavier , Sousa Yzabela Jaques Pereira de , Ribeiro Juliana Cardoso , Souza Marcelo Williams Oliveira de 
Published: December 2024

Este estudo se justifica pela gravidade desta doença, as múltiplas reações sistêmicas desencadeadas por ela e a necessidade de atuação rápida pelos profissionais de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar o entendimento dos profissionais de saúde de um hospital público de ensino sobre o protocolo de sepse em pediatria. Método: Estudo transversal descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizada na Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará, os participantes do estudo foram profissionais de saúde que atuam em enfermarias e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica, a coleta foi por meio de questionário semiestruturado, no período de Fevereiro a Dezembro de 2023, após a coleta os dados foram inseridos em tabelas do Microsoft Excel 2016 para interpretação do resultados através de gráficos, o estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAEE: 67725823.0.0000.5171 e parecer: 6.300.257. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 93 profissionais de nível médio e superior, sendo 54 Técnicos de Enfermagem (58,1%), 18 Enfermeiros (19,4%), 9 Médicos (9,7%), 3 Fisioterapeutas (3,2%) e os demais de outras especialidades. A idade variou entre 29 a 50 anos, o tempo de serviço entre 2 a 20 anos. A respeito do local de atuação, 54,8% dos profissionais eram das enfermarias e 45,2% da UTIP. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que não havia um completo entendimento dos profissionais de saúde atuante em enfermarias e UTIP’s sobre a sepse na pediatria.