bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggravation of Ossified Ligamentum Flavum Lesion Is Associated With the Degree of Obesity
Authors: Endo Tsutomu , Koike Yoshinao , Hisada Yuichiro , Fujita Ryo , Suzuki Ryota , Tanaka Masaru , Tsujimoto Takeru , Shimamura Yukitoshi , Hasegawa Yuichi , Kanayama Masahiro , Yamada Katsuhisa , Iwata Akira , Sudo Hideki , Ishii Misaki , Iwasaki Norimasa , Takahata Masahiko 
Published: October 2021

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Objectives: There is insufficient data on the clinical features of ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) of the thoracic spine and the risk of progression of ossified lesions. The link between obesity and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), which frequently coexists with OLF, has been demonstrated. However, the link between obesity and OLF has not been recognized. We aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity in thoracic OLF and whether the severity of OLF is associated with the degree of obesity. Methods: A total of 204 symptomatic Japanese subjects with thoracic OLF and 136 subjects without spinal ligament ossification as controls were included. OLF subjects were divided into 3 groups: 1) localized OLF (OLF <2-intervertebral regions); 2) multilevel OLF (OLF ≥3-intervertebral regions); and 3) OLF + OPLL. The severity of OLF was quantified using the OLF index using computed tomography imaging of the entire spine. Results: The proportion of severely obese subjects (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was significantly higher both in the multilevel OLF group (25.5%) and the OLF + OPLL group (44.3%) than in the localized OLF group (3.6%) and the control group (1.4%) ( P < 0.01). BMI, age, and coexistence of cervical OPLL and lumbar OLF were associated with thoracic OLF index in the multiple regression analysis. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that obesity is a distinct feature of multilevel OLF in the thoracic spine and that the severity of OLF is associated with the degree of obesity.
Contemporary Sterilization Protocols of Healing Abutments for Reusability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Eswaramurthy P. , Aras M. , DSouza K.M. , Nagarsekar A. , Gaunkar R.B. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Although healing abutments are designated for single use by most implant manufacturers, it is common practice for clinicians to reuse healing abutments. However, there is a lack of adequate references that describe detailed sterilization protocols for reuse of healing abutments. Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to compile, organize, and describe the most common techniques for the sterilization of healing abutments and their efficiency in eliminating traces of microorganisms. Methods: An electronic search in 5 different databases was performed, including the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to December 2020. Search variables included were dental implant, healing abutment, contaminate, contamination, reuse, and sterilization. Studies reporting with a minimum sample size of 10 healing abutments (5 per group) published in the English language were evaluated. Risk of bias assessment was elaborated for included investigations. Results: In total, 812 articles were identified, of which 8 were included in the analysis. Steam autoclave was the most widely used form of resterilization. Not a single protocol, however, was able to achieve 100% virgin surface of the healing abutments. Conclusion: Although reuse of dental implant healing abutments is a cost-effective measure in dental practice, thorough surface decontamination followed by resterilization is highly recommended before reuse. Knowledge Transfer Statement: With consideration of cost and patient preference, results of this review would be useful in knowing various sterilization protocols for reusing healing abutments that could lead to more appropriate therapeutic decisions.
GhGASA10–1 promotes the cell elongation in fiber development through the phytohormones IAA-induced
Authors: Chen Baojun , Sun Yaru , Tian Zailong , Fu Guoyong , Pei Xinxin , Pan Zhaoe , Nazir Mian Faisal , Song Song , Li Hongge , Wang Xiaoyang , Qin Ning , Shang Jiandong , Miao Yuchen , He Shoupu , Du Xiongming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCotton is an important cash crop. The fiber length has always been a hot spot, but multi-factor control of fiber quality makes it complex to understand its genetic basis. Previous reports suggested thatOsGASR9promotes germination, width, and thickness by GAs in rice, while the overexpression ofAtGASA10leads to reduced silique length, which is likely to reduce cell wall expansion. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the function ofGhGASA10in cotton fibers development.ResultsTo explore the molecular mechanisms underlying fiber elongation regulation concerningGhGASA10–1, we revealed an evolutionary basis, gene structure, and expression. Our results emphasized the conservative nature ofGASAfamily with its origin in lower fern plantsS. moellendorffii.GhGASA10–1was localized in the cell membrane, which may synthesize and transport secreted proteins to the cell wall. Besides,GhGASA10–1promoted seedling germination and root extension in transgenicArabidopsis, indicating thatGhGASA10–1promotes cell elongation. Interestingly,GhGASA10–1was upregulated by IAA at fiber elongation stages.ConclusionWe propose thatGhGASA10–1may promote fiber elongation by regulating the synthesis of cellulose induced by IAA, to lay the foundation for future research on the regulation networks ofGASA10–1in cotton fiber development.
Co-expression of YAP and TAZ associates with chromosomal instability in human cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tóth Marcell , Wehling Lilija , Thiess Lena , Rose Fabian , Schmitt Jennifer , Weiler Sofia M. E. , Sticht Carsten , De La Torre Carolina , Rausch Melina , Albrecht Thomas , Grabe Niels , Duwe Lea , Andersen Jesper B. , Köhler Bruno C. , Springfeld Christoph , Mehrabi Arianeb , Kulu Yakup , Schirmacher Peter , Roessler Stephanie , Goeppert Benjamin , Breuhahn Kai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Activation of the oncogene yes-associated protein (YAP) is frequently detected in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA); however, the expression pattern and the functional impact of its paralogue WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1; synonym: TAZ) are not well described in different CCA subtypes.

Methods
Immunohistochemical analysis of YAP and TAZ in iCCA and extrahepatic CCA (eCCA) cohorts was performed. YAP/TAZ shuttling and their functional impact on CCA cell lines were investigated. Target genes expression after combined YAP/TAZ inhibition was analyzed.

Results
Immunohistochemical analysis of iCCA and eCCA revealed YAP or TAZ positivity in up to 49.2%; however, oncogene co-expression was less frequent (up to 23%). In contrast, both proteins were jointly detectable in most CCA cell lines and showed nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling in a cell density-dependent manner. Next to the pro-proliferative function of YAP/TAZ, both transcriptional co-activators cooperated in the regulation of a gene signature that indicated the presence of chromosomal instability (CIN). A correlation between YAP and the CIN marker phospho-H2A histone family member X (pH2AX) was particularly observed in tissues from iCCA and distal CCA (dCCA). The presence of the CIN genes in about 25% of iCCA was statistically associated with worse prognosis.

Conclusions
YAP and TAZ activation is not uncoupled from cell density in CCA cells and both factors cooperatively contribute to proliferation and expression of CIN-associated genes. The corresponding group of CCA patients is characterized by CIN and may benefit from YAP/TAZ-directed therapies.
Suppressor of variegation 3–9 homologue 1 impairment and neutrophil-skewed systemic inflammation are associated with comorbidities in COPD
Authors: Chen Tzu-Tao , Wu Sheng-Ming , Chen Kuan-Yuan , Tseng Chien-Hua , Ho Shu-Chuan , Chuang Hsiao-Chi , Feng Po-Hao , Liu Wen-Te , Han Chia-Li , Huang Erick Wan-Chun , Yeh Yun-Kai , Lee Kang-Yun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Systemic manifestations and comorbidities are characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are probably due to systemic inflammation. The histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 controls the Th1/Th2 balance. We previously reported that reduced SUV39H1 expression contributed to abnormal inflammation in COPD. Here, we aimed to determine whether impaired SUV39H1 expression in COPD patients associated with neutrophilic/eosinophilic inflammation responses and comorbidities.

Methods
A total of 213 COPD patients and 13 healthy controls were recruited from the Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University. SUV39H1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 13 healthy and 30 COPD participants were measured by immunoblotting. We classified the patients into two groups based on low (fold change, FC < 0.5) and high SUV39H1 expression (FC ≥ 0.5) compared to normal controls. Clinical outcomes including neutrophil or eosinophil counts associated with SUV39H1-related inflammation were evaluated by Chi square analyses or Mann–Whitney U test. The correlations between the percentage of neutrophils and number of COPD comorbidities or Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were performed by Spearman’s rank analysis.

Results
Low SUV39H1 expression group had high neutrophil counts relative to high SUV39H1expression group. In the COPD cohort, the high comorbidity group (≥ 2 comorbidities) had higher counts of whole white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil, and lower proportion of eosinophil and eosinophil/neutrophil, as compared with low comorbidity group (0 and 1 comorbidities). The quantity of neutrophils was associated with COPD comorbidities (Spearman's r = 0.388, p < 0.001), but not with CCI scores. We also found that the high comorbidity group had more exacerbations per year compared with low comorbidity group (1.5 vs. 0.9 average exacerbations, p = 0.005). However, there were no significant differences between groups with these non-frequent (0–1 exacerbation) and frequent exacerbations per year (> 1 exacerbation) in numbers of WBC and proportion of neutrophils, eosinophils or eosinophil/neutrophil. Finally, patients with high comorbidities had lower SUV39H1 levels in their PBMCs than did those with low comorbidities.

Conclusion
Blood neutrophil counts are associated with comorbidities in COPD patients. Impaired SUV39H1 expression in PBMCs from COPD patients are correlated with neutrophilic inflammation and comorbidities.
The cross-sectional effects of ribbon arch wires on Class II malocclusion intermaxillary traction: a three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Xie Qin , Li Duo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The application of intermaxillary traction is often accompanied by the unexpected movement of dentition, especially anchorage teeth. The aim of this study was to comprehensively compare the influence of cross-sectional shape of ribbon arch wires with edgewise and round wires on intermaxillary traction in Class II malocclusion treatment using FEA simulation.

Methods
The dentofacial structure was simulated in finite element software. A retraction force of 1.5 N was applied to different cross-sectional orthodontic arch wires: a ribbon wire (0.025 × 0.017-in. and 0.025 × 0.019-in.), a rectangular wire (0.017 × 0.025-in. and 0.019 × 0.025-in.) and a round wire (Φ 0.018-in. and Φ 0.020-in.).

Results
Among the three groups, ribbon wire (0.025 × 0.017-in. and 0.025 × 0.019-in.) exhibited the lowest displacement in the X-axis (12.61 μm and 12.77 μm, respectively) and Z-axis (8.99 μm and 9.06 μm, respectively). However, the 0.025 × 0.017-in. ribbon wire showed the highest Y-axis displacement. In the round wire group, Φ 0.020-in. wire displayed less rotation than Φ 0.018-in. wire, where the sagittal, frontal and occlusal rotation of Φ 0.020-in. wire was almost half of that of Φ 0.018-in. wire. The movement of the first molar region was intermediate between the ribbon arch group and the round wire group. Notably, the values of the 0.025 × 0.017-in. arch wire displacement, which were higher than those of any other group, peaked at 0.019 mm in the central incisor region with a spike-like shape. The deformation range of the Φ 0.018-in. wire group was the largest in this study.

Conclusions
The cross-section of the arch wire influenced force delivery in Class II intermaxillary traction. With the same shape, a larger cross-sectional area led to less mandibular dentition movement. For the rectangular arch wire and ribbon arch wire groups, since the height and width were inverted, the vertical displacement of anchorage teeth in the ribbon wire group was reduced, but the possibility of buccal tipping in mandibular anterior teeth also increased.
Process evaluation of a complex workplace intervention to prevent musculoskeletal pain in nursing staff: results from INTEVAL_Spain
Authors: Soler-Font Mercè , Ramada José Maria , Merelles Antoni , Amat Anna , de la Flor Carmen , Martínez Olga , Palma-Vasquez Claudia , Sancho Consuelo , Peña Pilar , Bültmann Ute , van Zon Sander K. R. , Serra Consol 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
INTEVAL_Spain was a complex workplace intervention to prevent and manage musculoskeletal pain among nursing staff. Process evaluations can be especially useful for complex and multifaceted interventions through identifying the success or failure factors of an intervention to improve the intervention implementation.

Objectives
This study performed a process evaluation of INTEVAL_Spain and aimed to examine whether the intervention was conducted according to the protocol, to investigate the fulfilment of expectations and the satisfaction of workers.

Methods
The intervention was a two-armed cluster randomized controlled trial and lasted 1 year. The process evaluation included quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative methods were used to address the indicators of Steckler and Linnan’s framework. Data on recruitment was collected through a baseline questionnaire for the intervention and the control group. Reach and dose received were collected through participation sheets, dose delivered and fidelity through internal registries, and fulfilment of expectations and satisfaction were collected with two questions at 12-months follow-up. Qualitative methods were used for a content analysis of discussion groups at the end of the intervention led by an external moderator to explore satisfaction and recommendations. The general communication and activities were discussed, and final recommendations were agreed on. Data were synthesized and results were reported thematically.

Results
The study was performed in two Spanish hospitals during 2016-2017 and 257 workers participated. Recruitment was 62 and 51% for the intervention and the control group, respectively. The reach of the activities ranged from 96% for participatory ergonomics to 5% for healthy diet. The number of sessions offered ranged from 60 sessions for Nordic walking to one session for healthy diet. Fidelity of workers ranged from 100% for healthy diet and 79% for participatory ergonomics, to 42 and 39% for Nordic walking and case management, respectively. Lowest fidelity of providers was 75% for case management and 82% for Nordic walking. Fulfilment of expectations and satisfaction ranged from 6.6/10 and 7.6/10, respectively, for case management to 10/10 together for the healthy diet session. Discussion groups revealed several limitations for most of the activities, mainly focused on a lack of communication between the Champion (coordinator) and the workers.

Conclusions
This process evaluation showed that the implementation of INTEVAL_Spain was predominantly carried out as intended. Process indicators differed depending on the activity. Several recommendations to improve the intervention implementation process are proposed.

Trial registration
ISRCTN15780649.
A scintigraphy study of budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate metered dose inhaler in patients with moderate-to-very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Usmani Omar , Roche Nicolas , Wahab Ezanul , Israel Samuel , Jenkins Martin , Trivedi Roopa , Dorinsky Paul , Aurivillius Magnus 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Triple therapy with inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting muscarinic antagonists/long-acting β2-agonists (ICS/LAMA/LABA) is recommended for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with continued symptoms or exacerbations, despite treatment with LAMA/LABA or ICS/LABA. The pulmonary, extrathoracic, and regional lung deposition patterns of a radiolabeled ICS/LAMA/LABA triple fixed-dose combination budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (BGF 320/18/9.6 μg), delivered via a single Aerosphere metered dose inhaler (MDI) were previously assessed in healthy volunteers and showed good deposition to the central and peripheral airways (whole lung deposition: 37.7%). Here, we report the findings assessing BGF in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD.

Methods
This phase I, single-dose, open-label gamma scintigraphy imaging study (NCT03906045) was conducted in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD. Patients received two actuations of BGF MDI (160/9/4.8 μg per actuation) radiolabeled with technetium‑99‑pertechnetate, not exceeding 5 MBq per actuation. Immediately following each inhalation, patients performed a breath-hold of up to 10 s, then exhaled into an exhalation filter. Gamma scintigraphy imaging of the anterior and posterior views of the lungs and stomach, and a lateral head and neck view, were performed immediately after exhalation. The primary objective of the study was to assess the pulmonary deposition of BGF. Secondary objectives assessed the deposited dose of radiolabeled BGF in the oropharyngeal and stomach regions, on the actuator, and on the exhalation filter in addition to regional airway deposition patterns in the lungs.

Results
The mean BGF emitted dose deposited in the lungs was 32.1% (standard deviation [SD] 15.6) in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD, 35.2% (SD 12.8) in patients with moderate COPD, and 28.7% (SD 18.4) in patients with severe/very severe COPD. Overall, the mean normalized outer/inner ratio was 0.55 (SD 0.19), while the standardized central/peripheral ratio was 2.21 (SD 1.64).

Conclusions
Radiolabeled BGF 320/18/9.6 μg was efficiently delivered and deposited throughout the entire lung, including large and small airways, in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD, with similar deposition in patients with moderate COPD and patients with severe/very severe COPD.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03906045. Registered 8 April 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03906045
Diagnosis of pulmonary nodules by DNA methylation analysis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids
Authors: Li Lei , Ye Zhujia , Yang Sai , Yang Hao , Jin Jing , Zhu Yingying , Tao Jinsheng , Chen Siyu , Xu Jiehan , Liu Yanying , Liang Weihe , Wang Bo , Yang Mengzhu , Huang Qiaoyun , Chen Zhiwei , Li Weimin , Fan Jian-Bing , Liu Dan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The alteration of DNA methylation plays a major role in the development of lung cancer. Methylation biomarkers become a possible method for lung cancer diagnosis.ResultsWe identified eleven lung cancer-specific methylation markers (CDO1, GSHR, HOXA11, HOXB4-1, HOXB4-2, HOXB4-3, HOXB4-4, LHX9, MIR196A1,PTGER4-1,andPTGER4-2), which could differentiate benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. The methylation levels of these markers are significantly higher in malignant tissues. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, the methylation signals maintain the same differential trend as in tissues. An optimal 5-marker model for pulmonary nodule diagnosis (malignant vs. benign) was developed from all possible combinations of the eleven markers. In the test set (57 tissue and 71 BALF samples), the area under curve (AUC) value achieves 0.93, and the overall sensitivity is 82% at the specificity of 91%. In an independent validation set (111 BALF samples), the AUC is 0.82 with a specificity of 82% and a sensitivity of 70%.ConclusionsThis model can differentiate pulmonary adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma from benign diseases, especially for infection, inflammation, and tuberculosis. The model’s performance is not affected by gender, age, smoking history, or the solid components of nodules.
How rare and common risk variation jointly affect liability for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Klei Lambertus , McClain Lora Lee , Mahjani Behrang , Panayidou Klea , De Rubeis Silvia , Grahnat Anna-Carin Säll , Karlsson Gun , Lu Yangyi , Melhem Nadine , Xu Xinyi , Reichenberg Abraham , Sandin Sven , Hultman Christina M. , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Roeder Kathryn , Devlin Bernie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenetic studies have implicated rare and common variations in liability for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Of the discovered risk variants, those rare in the population invariably have large impact on liability, while common variants have small effects. Yet, collectively, common risk variants account for the majority of population-level variability. How these rare and common risk variants jointly affect liability for individuals requires further study.MethodsTo explore how common and rare variants jointly affect liability, we assessed two cohorts of ASD families characterized for rare and common genetic variations (Simons Simplex Collection and Population-Based Autism Genetics and Environment Study). We analyzed data from 3011 affected subjects, as well as two cohorts of unaffected individuals characterized for common genetic variation: 3011 subjects matched for ancestry to ASD subjects and 11,950 subjects for estimating allele frequencies. We used genetic scores, which assessed the relative burden of common genetic variation affecting risk of ASD (henceforth “burden”), and determined how this burden was distributed among three subpopulations: ASD subjects who carry a potentially damaging variant implicated in risk of ASD (“PDV carriers”); ASD subjects who do not (“non-carriers”); and unaffected subjects who are assumed to be non-carriers.ResultsBurden harbored by ASD subjects is stochastically greater than that harbored by control subjects. For PDV carriers, their average burden is intermediate between non-carrier ASD and control subjects. Both carrier and non-carrier ASD subjects have greater burden, on average, than control subjects. The effects of common and rare variants likely combine additively to determine individual-level liability.LimitationsOnly 305 ASD subjects were known PDV carriers. This relatively small subpopulation limits this study to characterizing general patterns of burden, as opposed to effects of specific PDVs or genes. Also, a small fraction of subjects that are categorized as non-carriers could be PDV carriers.ConclusionsLiability arising from common and rare risk variations likely combines additively to determine risk of any individual diagnosed with ASD. On average, ASD subjects carry a substantial burden of common risk variation, even if they also carry a rare PDV affecting risk.