bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control method for cooling fans inside traction battery boxes installed in battery powered EMU based on thermal network model
Authors: Taguchi Yoshiaki , Kadowaki Satoshi , Yoshikawa Gaku , Hatakeda Kenji , Kaneko Takashi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, there has been a gradual increase in the use of battery powered electric multiple unit trains (EMUs), replacing the conventional diesel trains for nonelectrified lines of approximately 10–30 km. Battery powered EMUs are typically equipped with closed‐type traction battery boxes, in which cooling fans are mounted. To improve the performance of battery cooling, we developed a control method for the cooling fans. Our novel method is derived from a thermal network model of the battery box, and is based on the temperature difference between the battery modules and outside air. We conducted an evaluation test for the Series BEC819, an AC‐fed and battery‐powered hybrid EMU of JR Kyushu. The test results demonstrated that the developed control method reduced maximum temperature of the battery by 1–2°C in comparison with the conventional constant speed control.
Evaluation of influence to electromagnetic environment on outside of building by PLC system using three‐wire three‐phase power line
Authors: Wakisaka Toshiyuki , Matsushima Tohlu , Koga Hisao , Okumura Hiroyuki , Kuwabara Nobuo , Fukumoto Yuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the influence to electromagnetic environment was evaluated on the outside of buildings where power line communication (PLC) systems were installed to a three‐wire three‐phase power distribution line. The electric field strength was measured at 140 points in five factories, in two office buildings, and in one stadium. Since many radio waves existed in the environment, the electric field strength when PLC system was operated and was not operated was measured. The influence was evaluated by the cumulated occurrence probability because the frequency characteristics of the electric filed strength changed by the measurement points. The results showed that the occurrence probability was not changed when the PLC system was operated and was not operated. The electric field strength was calculated by the common mode current obtained from the test result, and this indicated that the occurrence probability was lower than the measured occurrence probability of electric field strength.
Heterogeneity of HSCs in a Mouse Model of NASH
Authors: Rosenthal Sara Brin , Liu Xiao , Ganguly Souradipta , Dhar Debanjan , Pasillas Martina P. , Ricciardelli Eugenia , Li Rick Z. , Troutman Ty D. , Kisseleva Tatiana , Glass Christopher K. , Brenner David A. 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims
In clinical and experimental NASH, the origin of the scar‐forming myofibroblast is the HSC. We used foz/foz mice on a Western diet to characterize in detail the phenotypic changes of HSCs in a NASH model.

Approach and Results
We examined the single‐cell expression profiles (scRNA sequencing) of HSCs purified from the normal livers of foz/foz mice on a chow diet, in NASH with fibrosis of foz/foz mice on a Western diet, and in livers during regression of NASH after switching back to a chow diet. Selected genes were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, quantitative real‐time PCR, and short hairpin RNA knockdown in primary mouse HSCs. Our analysis of the normal liver identified two distinct clusters of quiescent HSCs that correspond to their acinar position of either pericentral vein or periportal vein. The NASH livers had four distinct HSC clusters, including one representing the classic fibrogenic myofibroblast. The three other HSC clusters consisted of a proliferating cluster, an intermediate activated cluster, and an immune and inflammatory cluster. The livers with NASH regression had one cluster of inactivated HSCs, which was similar to, but distinct from, the quiescent HSCs.

Conclusions
Analysis of single‐cell RNA sequencing in combination with an interrogation of previous studies revealed an unanticipated heterogeneity of HSC phenotypes under normal and injured states.
Discriminant value of automated leucocyte VCS parameters in the detection of tropical infections
Authors: Muthunatarajan Shruthi , Basavaiah Sridevi Hanaganahalli , Shenoy Suchitra M. , Natarajan Arvind , Mithra Prasanna , Suresh Pooja Kundapur , Sreeram Saraswathy 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionIn India, infectious diseases are a leading treatable cause of morbidity and mortality. Mangalore being endemic to many vector‐borne diseases, their incidence is known to show seasonal variations with sharp increase during monsoon. Leucocytes have substantial role in the immunological pathogenesis of infections.MethodsThe present series was a hospital‐based cross‐sectional study performed in a tertiary care hospital for a period of three months from June‐August wherein the cell population data of cases of malaria, dengue, leptospirosis, typhoid and rickettsial infections along with equal number of healthy controls were collected and analysed. Effectiveness of leucocyte‐related volume (V), conductivity (C) and scatter (S) parameters by Coulter®DXH800 haematology analyser in predicting these infections was appraised.ResultsA total of 324 cases comprising of malaria (50%), dengue (30.9%), leptospirosis (13.9%), typhoid (4.0%) and rickettsial infections (1.2%) were included. There was statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mean values of complete blood count parameters—haemoglobin, total leucocyte count, red blood cell count, haematocrit, red cell distribution width, differential leucocyte count, platelet count and plateletcrit between cases and controls and also between specific infections. The mean volumes of neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte were considerably increased in malaria and dengue fever compared to leptospirosis, typhoid and rickettsial infections. VCS parameters were the least altered in typhoid fever, except for a strikingly high conductivity and scatter of eosinophils.ConclusionsHaematological analysis is a part of routine evaluation of any case of febrile illness. This study showed that there are specific alterations in VCS parameters in different types of infections such as malaria, dengue, leptospira, typhoid and rickettsia, the information and analysis of which comes without any additional cost.
Inquiry‐based stress reduction: A systematic review of the empirical literature
Authors: Hook Joshua N. , Kim Penberthy Jennifer , Davis Don E. , Van Tongeren Daryl R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis paper reviewed the empirical research on inquiry‐based stress reduction (IBSR; also called “The Work”), which has similarities to third‐wave cognitive behavioral approaches such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Widely used as a self‐help intervention, IBSR has only recently been subjected to empirical research.MethodWe reviewed empirical studies (published and unpublished) that examined IBSR.ResultsWe found 17 empirical studies (15 independent samples) that examined IBSR. Several studies reported positive changes on variables such as stress, anxiety, and well‐being. However, only three studies evaluated IBSR using randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Concerns related to treatment feasibility and cost‐effectiveness of IBSR are noted.ConclusionsThere are some promising initial findings on IBSR. However, additional research employing high‐quality research designs is necessary to explore the efficacy and effectiveness of IBSR in various contexts.
Prenatal diagnosis of middle interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly: Report of two cases
Authors: Zantow Emily , Bryant Stefanie , Pierce Stephanie L , DuBois Molly , Maxted Marta , Porter Blake 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHoloprosencephaly ranges in severity based on the degree of anatomic abnormality. Middle interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly is a less common and often milder variant that has the characteristic sonographic findings of an absent cavum septum pellucidum and a single fused ventricle. This subtype may be associated with genetic conditions that have not been well‐described in the literature. We present two cases of middle interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly diagnosed on fetal ultrasound.
Comparative genomic analyses of IncpA1763‐KPC plasmids
Authors: Chen Hongchao , Zhan Zhe , Jiang Xiaoyuan , Qing Yang , Yin Zhe , Mei Lingling , Zhou Dongsheng , Ni Bin , Zhang Yanjun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMulti‐replicon plasmids harboring the IncpA1763‐KPC replicon together with other replicons are being increasingly reported among Enterobacteriaceae species. However, plasmids with single IncpA1763‐KPC replicons are poorly studied as a different incompatibility (Inc) group, despite their rise in appearance in some strains. IncpA1763‐KPC plasmids, pA1763‐KPC, and p427113‐2, from two clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were fully sequenced by high‐throughput genome sequencing. Linear structural comparisons of IncpA1763‐KPC backbone region were made between these two plasmids and six arbitrarily selected representative IncpA1763‐KPC plasmids sequenced previously. A further detailed genomic comparison was carried out between plasmids pA1763‐KPC, p427113‐2, and pFB2.2, which show high homology across the backbone sequence to one another. Among all sequenced IncpA1763‐KPC plasmids considered in this study, plasmids pA1763‐KPC and p427113‐2 showed the most complete IncpA1763‐KPC backbones. These were composed of the IncpA1763‐KPC replicon (repAIncpA1763‐KPC and its iterons), the 5.6‐kb IncpA1763‐KPC‐type maintenance region, the 27.7‐kb IncFIIK‐type maintenance region, and the 36.6‐kb IncFIIK‐type conjugal transfer regions. Compared with pA1763‐KPC or p427113‐2, the backbone regions of the other analyzed IncpA1763‐KPC plasmids had gradually undergone different deletions or truncations, but shared small and core IncpA1763‐KPC backbones including the IncpA1763‐KPC replicon, IncpA1763‐KPC‐type maintenance region, and residual IncFIIK‐type maintenance region. Accessory modules integrated into IncpA1763‐KPC backbones included the multidrug‐resistant module blaKPC‐2 region in pA1763‐KPC, the metal‐resistance modules ars region together with ncr region in pFB2.2 and sil in pKPN‐9a0d, the ISKpn14‐to‐IS26 region in p427113‐2, and other non‐resistance region in the respective plasmids. This detailed comparative genomics analysis of IncpA1763‐KPC plasmids provides a deep insight into their diversification and evolution.
Determination of organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues and their variability in large size fruit crops
Authors: Prodhan Mohammad Dalower Hossain , Afroze Marina , Begum Afroza , Sarker Debasish 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDVariability of pesticide residues in food item plays a key role for the evaluation of consumer food safety. However, variability factors (VFs) derived from the large size fruit crops are still scarce. Therefore, the present work was aimed to quantify pesticide residues and to estimate VFs in large size fruit crops of mango and guava.RESULTSA total of 140 mango and 130 guava samples from different marketplaces in Bangladesh were collected to estimate the variability of pesticide residues (acephate, diazinon, malathion, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, dimethoate and cypermethrin) by in‐house validated methods based on modified QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector (ECD) and flame thermionic detector (FTD). The method was validated at three fortification levels (0.01, 0.10 and 0.30 mg kg−1) and satisfactory recoveries (80–111%) with relative standard deviation (RSDr) ≤ 13% were achieved. A wide variation of residues was found in the analyzed samples. In the case of mango, the ranges of residues were 0.011–0.314, 0.015–0.04, and 0.05–0.291 mg kg−1, respectively, for cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and dimethoate, while in the case of guava, the ranges were 0.04–0.113, and 0.03–0.290 mg kg−1, respectively, for cypermethrin and acephate. The average VF for mango was 4.06 and it was 5.70 for guava.CONCLUSIONVFs originating from the marketed samples of mango and guava are reported in this study for the first time. The estimated VFs were higher than the default value of 3, therefore, the default VFs should be reconsidered when more data are obtained regarding large size crops. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Black Current Anthocyanins Improve Lipid Metabolism and Modulate Gut Microbiota in High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Song Haizhao , Shen Xinchun , Wang Fang , Li Yu , Zheng Xiaodong 
Published: February 2021

ScopeThis study aimed to explore the anti‐obesity potential of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) and investigate the correlation between the gut microbiota and the BCA‐induced beneficial effects.Methods and ResultsMale C57BL/6J mice (n = 36) are randomly assigned into low‐fat diet group (LFD), high‐fat diet group (HFD), and BCA group feeding HFD supplemented with BCA for 12 weeks. Body weight and food intake are monitored weekly. Obesity‐related biochemical indexes and the expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism are determined. Amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene is conducted to analyze the gut microbiota structure, and spearman correlation analysis is used to determine the correlations between gut microbiota and obesity‐related indicators. The results showed that BCA treatment alleviated HFD‐induced obesity, hyperlipemia, and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, BCA supplement improved hepatic lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of genes related to the synthesis and degradation of lipids and cholesterols. Microbial analysis revealed that BCA supplementation significantly changed the overall structure and composition of the gut microbiota, and resulted in an enrichment of Akkermansia_muciniphila, which is negatively correlated with the physical biomarkers.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that BCA supplement could be a beneficial treatment for preventing HFD‐induced obesity by targeting microbiota.
Exploring label dynamics of velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling in the kidney
Authors: Bones Isabell K. , Franklin Suzanne L. , Harteveld Anita A. , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Schmid Sophie , Hendrikse Jeroen , Moonen Chrit , van Stralen Marijn , Bos Clemens 
Published: February 2021

PurposeVelocity‐selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL) has been proposed for renal perfusion imaging to mitigate planning challenges and effects of arterial transit time (ATT) uncertainties. In VSASL, label generation may shift in the vascular tree as a function of cutoff velocity. Here, we investigate label dynamics and especially the ATT of renal VSASL and compared it with a spatially selective pulsed arterial spin labeling technique, flow alternating inversion recovery (FAIR).MethodsArterial spin labeling data were acquired in 7 subjects, using free‐breathing dual VSASL and FAIR with five postlabeling delays: 400, 800, 1200, 2000, and 2600 ms. The VSASL measurements were acquired with cutoff velocities of 5, 10, and 15 cm/s, with anterior–posterior velocity‐encoding direction. Cortical perfusion‐weighted signal, temporal SNR, quantified renal blood flow, and arterial transit time were reported.ResultsIn contrast to FAIR, renal VSASL already showed fairly high signal at the earliest postlabeling delays, for all cutoff velocities. The highest VSASL signal and temporal SNR was obtained with a cutoff velocity of 10 cm/s at postlabeling delay = 800 ms, which was earlier than for FAIR at 1200 ms. Fitted ATT on VSASL was ≤ 0 ms, indicating ATT insensitivity, which was shorter than for FAIR (189 ± 79 ms, P < .05). Finally, the average cortical renal blood flow measured with cutoff velocities of 5 cm/s (398 ± 84 mL/min/100 g) and 10 cm/s (472 ± 160 mL/min/100 g) were similar to renal blood flow measured with FAIR (441 ± 84 mL/min/100 g) (P > .05) with good correlations on subject level.ConclusionVelocity‐selective arterial spin labeling in the kidney reduces ATT sensitivity compared with the recommended pulsed arterial spin labeling method, as well as if cutoff velocity is increased to reduce spurious labeling due to motion. Thus, VSASL has potential as a method for time‐efficient, single‐time‐point, free‐breathing renal perfusion measurements, despite lower tSNR than FAIR.
Surface modified microfibrillated cellulose‐poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites: β‐phase formation, viscoelastic and dielectric performance
Authors: Poothanari Mohammed Arif , Michaud Véronique , Damjanovic Dragan , Leterrier Yves 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effect of silylation of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) surfaces on β‐phase formation in poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) and the resulting viscoelastic and dielectric performance of MFC‐PVDF composites is investigated. Two different organosilanes, namely aminated (A) and fluorinated (F), were used. Composites of PVDF and MFC at concentrations up to 10 wt%, both untreated and silylated, were prepared by solvent casting. The two different surface modifications did not markedly change the melting and crystallization enthalpy of the polymer. However, only A‐MFC was found to promote β‐phase compared to the untreated MFC and the F‐MFC, which was attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds at the interface between the amine groups of A‐MFC and the fluorine groups of PVDF. The elastic modulus and the permittivity of all composites increased with the amount of MFC up to a maximum value, depending on the MFC modification, and then decreased. This effect was due to the formation of MFC aggregates and porosity, as further confirmed by a comparison of experimental moduli with a classical composite mechanical model. The highest elastic modulus and highest permittivity were obtained for the untreated MFC and A‐MFC composites with 5 and 1 wt%. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Bent out of shape: towards non‐spherical polymersome morphologies
Authors: Chidanguro Tamuka , Simon Yoan C 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolymersomes have gained a lot of attention in recent years. Their compartmentalized, hollow nature, stability and ability to transport both hydrophilic and hydrophobic cargo has made them attractive for increasingly complex applications in various fields of biomedicine, catalysis and diagnostics. Progress in these fields would therefore benefit from improvements in polymersome functionality. Recently, morphological control of polymersomes, namely the fabrication of various non‐spherical morphologies, has emerged as a means to enhance the usefulness of the polymersomes. In the present review, we highlight the most topical trends in this field and how these developments and the newly acquired knowledge about their nature can be leveraged towards applications. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Superabsorbent polymer with improved permeability and absorption rate using hollow glass microspheres
Authors: Kwon Yong Rok , Lim Seung Ho , Kim Hae Chan , Kim Jung Soo , Chang Young Wook , Choi Jun , Kim Dong Hyun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractItaconic acid‐vinyl sulfonic acid based super absorbent polymer (SAP) was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization using ammonium persulfate as the initiator, tetra (ethylene glycol) diacrylate as the internal crosslinking agent, and sodium hydroxide as the neutralizing agent. Surface‐crosslinking was introduced to improve the low absorbency under load of the itaconic acid‐based SAP. Hollow glass microspheres were added during surface‐crosslinking to improve the absorption properties and permeability of the SAP. Hollow glass microspheres increased the specific surface area of SAP and acted as an incompressible filler resulting in the improvement of gel strength and the relief of gel blocking by preventing adhesion between SAP particles. The surface‐crosslinked SAP with 2 wt% hollow glass microspheres showed the highest permeability and absorbency under load. The absorption rate of the synthesized material was also increased.
β‐sheet breakers with consecutive phenylalanines: Insights into mechanism of dissolution of β‐amyloid fibrils
Authors: Jarmuła Adam , Ludwiczak Jan , Stępkowski Dariusz 
Published: February 2021

Abstractβ‐sheet breakers (BSB) constitute a class of peptide inhibitors of amyloidogenesis, a process which is a hallmark of many diseases called amyloidoses, including Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the molecular details of their action are still not fully understood. Here we describe the results of the computational investigation of the three BSBs, iaβ6 (LPFFFD), iaβ5 (LPFFD), and iaβ6_Gly (LPFGFD), in complex with the fibril model of Aβ42 and propose the kinetically probable mechanism of their action. The mechanism involves the binding of BSB to the central hydrophobic core (CHC) region (LVFFA) of Aβ fibril and the π‐stacking of its Phe rings both internally and with the Aβ fibril. In the process, the Aβ fibril undergoes distortion accumulating on the side of chain A (located on the odd tip of the fibril). In a single replica of extended molecular dynamics run of one of the iaβ6 poses, the distortion concludes in a dissociation of chain A from the fibril model of Aβ42. Altogether, we postulate that including consecutive Phe residues into BSBs docked around Phe 20 in the CHC region of Aβ42 improve their potency for dissolution of fibrils.
Thermodynamic stability of hnRNP A1 low complexity domain revealed by high‐pressure NMR
Authors: Levengood Jeffrey D. , Peterson Jake , Tolbert Blanton S. , Roche Julien 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe have investigated the pressure‐ and temperature‐induced conformational changes associated with the low complexity domain of hnRNP A1, an RNA‐binding protein able to phase separate in response to cellular stress. Solution NMR spectra of the hnRNP A1 low‐complexity domain fused with protein‐G B1 domain were collected from 1 to 2500 bar and from 268 to 290 K. While the GB1 domain shows the typical pressure‐induced and cold temperature‐induced unfolding expected for small globular domains, the low‐complexity domain of hnRNP A1 exhibits unusual pressure and temperature dependences. We observed that the low‐complexity domain is pressure sensitive, undergoing a major conformational transition within the prescribed pressure range. Remarkably, this transition has the inverse temperature dependence of a typical folding‐unfolding transition. Our results suggest the presence of a low‐lying extended and fully solvated state(s) of the low‐complexity domain that may play a role in phase separation. This study highlights the exquisite sensitivity of solution NMR spectroscopy to observe subtle conformational changes and illustrates how pressure perturbation can be used to determine the properties of metastable conformational ensembles.