bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TESSYS Technique With Small Grade of Facetectomy Has Potential Biomechanical Advantages Compared to the In-Out TED With Intact Articular Process : An In-Silico Study
Authors: Li Jingchi , Xu Chen , Zhang Xiaoyu , Xi Zhipeng , Liu Mengnan , Fang Zhongxin , Wang Nan , Xie Lin , Song Yueming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The facetectomy was reported as an important procedure in both in-out and out-in (i.e. transforaminal endoscopic spine system (TESSYS)) techniques in the transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (TED), and which was also related to the deterioration of postoperative biomechanical environment and related poor prognosis. Recently, the facetectomy was reported to be avoided in the modified in-out TED, but iatrogenic injury of annulus and related larger grades of nucleotomy can also be seen as risk factors for the prognosis deterioration. Meanwhile, above mentioned risk factors can be alleviated in TESSYS TED, and the grade of facetectomy can also be reduced in this surgery with the use of endoscopic dynamic drill. Methods: To evaluate the risk of biomechanical deterioration and related postoperative complications of these two surgical modified strategies in TED, an intact lumbo-sacral finite element model and the corresponding model with adjacent segments degeneration have been constructed and validated, modified in-out and TESSYS TED have been simulated in these models. Then, the change of biomechanical indicators have been computed to evaluate the risk of postoperative complications in the surgical segement. Results: Compared with intact FEA models, the tendency of biomechanical deterioration in TESSYS TED models was generally slight. By contrast, obvious biomechanical deterioration can be observed in models with modified in-out TED. The degenerative change in adjacent segments magnifies rather than alters the overall tendency of biomechanical change. Conclusions: Modified TESSYS TED with a small grade of facetectomy has potential biomechanical advantages compared with the in-out TED with intact articular process (i.e. without facetectomy). The iatrogenic injury of annulus and larger grade of nucleotomy can be seen as risk factors for postoperative biomechanical deteriorations and complications in the surgical segment.
The Full-length Genome Sequence of a Novel Mitovirus From the Causal Agent Botrosphaeria Dothidea of Pear Ring Rot Disease
Authors: Zou Qi , Gao Yunjing , Wang Qiong , Yang Yuekun , Wang Fang , Hong Ni , Wang Guoping , Wang Liping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Here, we describe a novel mycovirus, Botryosphaeria dothidea mitovirus 2 (tentatively designated as BdMV2), isolated from Botryosphaeria dothidea FJ strain causing pear ring rot disease in Fujian Province, China. The complete genome nucleotide sequence of BdMV2 is 2538 nt in length and contains a single 2070 nt open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 689 amino acid (aa) using fungal mitochondrial genetic code. BLASTp analysis revealed that the RdRp of BdMV2 shares 28.91%–69.36% (query sequence coverage more than 90%) sequence identity to those of members in the genus Mitovirus, and the closest similarity is 69.36% and 68.79% with the corresponding protein aa sequences of Rhizoctonia solani mitovirus 10 and Macrophomina phaseolina mitovirus 4, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RdRp aa sequences further revealed that BdMV2 is a newly member in the genus Mitovirus of the family Narnaviridae. To our knowledge, BdMV2 is thus a novel mitovirus from the causal agent B. dothidea of pear ring rot disease.
Interspecific Complementation-Restoration of Phenotype in Arabidopsis Cuc2cuc3 Mutant By Sugarcane CUC2 Gene
Authors: Aslam Mohammad , She Zeyuan , Jakada Bello Hassan , Fakher Beenish , Greaves Joseph G. , Yan Maokai , Chen Yingzhi , Zheng Ping , Cheng Yan , Qin Yuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn plants, a critical balance between differentiation and proliferation of stem cells at the shoot apical meristem zone is essential for proper growth. The spatiotemporal regulation of some crucial genes dictates the formation of a boundary within and around budding organs. The boundary plays a pivotal role in distinguishing one tissue type from another and provides a defined shape to the organs at their developed stage. NAM/CUC subfamily of the NAC transcription factors control the boundary formation during meristematic development. ResultsHere, we have identified the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) genes in sugarcane and named SsCUC2 (for the orthologous gene of CUC1 and CUC2) and SsCUC3. The phylogenetic reconstruction showed that SsCUCs occupy the CUC2 and CUC3 clade together with monocots, whereas dicot CUC2 and CUC3 settled separately in the different clade. The structural analysis of CUC genes showed that most of the CUC3 genes were accompanied by an intron gain in monocot to dicot evolution. Besides, the study of SsCUCs expression in the RNA-seq obtained during different stages of ovule development revealed that SsCUCs express in developing young tissues, and the expression of SsCUC2 is regulated by miR164. We also demonstrate that SsCUC2 (a monocot) could complement the cuc2cuc3 mutant phenotype of Arabidopsis (dicot). ConclusionsThis study further supports that CUC2 has diverged in CUC1 and CUC2 during the evolution of monocots and dicots from ancestral plants. The functional analysis of CUC expression patterns during sugarcane ovule development and ectopic expression of SsCUC2 in Arabidopsis showed that SsCUC2 has a conserved role in boundary formation. Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the functions of sugarcane CUC genes. Our results reveal the crucial functional role of CUC genes in sugarcane.
Effects of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training on health outcomes of patients recovered from covid-19: the AEROBICOVID study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Trapé Atila Alexandre , Camacho-Cardenosa Marta , Camacho-Cardenosa Alba , Merellano-Navarro Eugenio , Rodrigues Jhennyfer Aline Lima , Lizzi Elisangela Aparecida da Silva , Sorgi Carlos Arterio , Papoti Marcelo , Brazo-Sayavera Javier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent studies point to a lower number and a reduction in the severity of cases in higher altitude cities, with decreased oxygen concentration. Specific literature has shown several benefits of physical training, so, in this sense, physical training with hypoxic stimulus appears as an alternative that supports the conventional treatments of the COVID-19 patient's recovery. Thus, this study's primary aim is to analyse the effects of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training on health outcomes in COVID-19 recovered patients. Methods: A clinical trial controlled double-blind study was designed. Participants (30-69 years old) will be recruited among those with moderate to severe COVID-19 symptoms, approximately 30 days after recovery. They will be included in groups according to the training (T) and recovery (R) association with hypoxia (H) or normoxia (N): a) TH:RH, b) TN:RH, c) TN:RN, and, last, d) the control group. The 8-week exercise bike intervention will be carried out with a gradual load increase according to the established periods, three times a week in sets of 5 minutes, 90 to 100% of the anaerobic threshold (AT), and a 2,5-minute break. Blood will be collected for genotyping. First, after four weeks (partial), after eight weeks, and later, four weeks after the end of the physical training intervention, participants will perform assessments. The primary outcome is the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). The secondary outcomes include lung function, inflammatory mediators, haematological, autonomic parameters, AT, body composition analysis, quality of life, mental health, anthropometric measurements, and physical fitness. The statistical analysis will be executed using the linear regression model with mixed effects at a 5% significance level. Discussion: This study is designed to provide evidence to support the clinical benefits of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training as a part of the treatment of patients recovered from COVID-19. It may also provide evidence on the efficacy and safety of intermittent hypoxic training in different health conditions. Lastly, this study presents an innovative strategy enabling up to 16 participants in the same training session.Trial registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry, RBR-5d7hkv. Registered after the start of inclusion; 3 November 2020; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5d7hkv
Factors Associated With Death in Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in the State of Rio De Janeiro
Authors: Oliveira Marcella Cini , Eleuterio Tatiana de Araujo , Corrêa Allan Bruno de Andrade , Silva Lucas Dalsenter Romano da , Rodrigues Renata Coelho , de Oliveira Bruna Andrade , Martins Marlos Melo , Raymundo Carlos Eduardo , Medronho Roberto de Andrade 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: We analyzed the factors associated with death in confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between individual demographic, clinical, and epidemiological variables and the outcome (death) using data from the Unified Health System information systems.Methods: We used the extreme boosting gradient (XGBoost) model to analyze the data, which uses decision trees weighted by the estimation difficulty. To evaluate the relevance of each independent variable, we used the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) metric. From the probabilities generated by the XGBoost model, we transformed the data to the logarithm of odds to estimate the odds ratio for each independent variable.Results: This study showed that older individuals of black race/skin color with heart disease or diabetes who had dyspnea or fever were more likely to die.Conclusions: The early identification of patients who may progress to a more severe form of the disease can help improve the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and is thus essential to reduce the lethality of the disease.
Distinct soil bacterial patterns along narrow– and broad–scale elevational gradients in grassland of the Mt. Tianshan, China
Authors: Li Rui , Sheng Jiandong , Liu Yunhua , Cheng Junhui , Sun Zongjiu , Zhang Pan , Li Ning , Di Xiaoshuang , Fan Weihua , Deng Jiang , Ma Yucheng , Li Minfei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bacteria plays a crucial role in soil biogeochemical cycles, bacterial elevational patterns have been well studies over the past decade, but the elevational pattern and its driver poorly understood. To determine the distribution patterns of bacterial composition and diversity across narrow– and broad–scale elevational gradients, we collected soil samples from 22 sites in the grasslands of Mt. Tianshan along three elevational transects and the whole elevation transect: (1) 6 sites at 1047 m – 1587 m, (2) 8 sites at 876 m – 3070 m, and (3) 8 sites at 1602 m – 2110 m. We found a hump pattern of the bacterial community diversity on the whole elevation transect, while not have observed consistent patterns in separately elevation transect. Bacterial community composition based on phylum differed with transects and elevation sites. Furthermore, heatmap analysis showed that pH and MAT significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with bacterial community composition, dominant bacterial phylum and class significantly influenced soil pH. Therefore, our results suggested that soil property plays the most important role in shaping bacterial community patterns in grassland of Mt. Tianshan.
Occurrence of heat wave in Korea by the displacement of South Asian High
Authors: Cha Yumi , Choi JaeWon , Kim Eung-Sup , Ahn Joong-Bae 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The South Asian high (SAH) index was defined using the 200 hPa geopotential height for 1973–2019. Of movements of the SAH center in the north-south, east-west, northwest-southeast, and southwest-northeast directions, movement in the northwest-southeast direction showed the highest positive correlation with heat wave days (HWDs) in South Korea. Thirteen years with the highest SAH values (positive SAH years) and 13 years with the lowest SAH values (negative SAH years) were selected from a time series of SAH indices from which the linear trend was removed, and differences between these two groups were analyzed. An analysis of vertical meridional circulation averaged along 120°-130°E showed that in latitude zones containing Korea, anomalous downward flows with anomalous high pressures formed in the entire troposphere and coincided with positive air temperature and specific humidity. An analysis of stream flows and geopotential heights showed that in positive SAH years, anomalous anticyclones developed in Korea, the North Pacific, North America, western Europe, and the Iranian Plateau. These anticyclones had the wavenumber-5 pattern and showed more distinct barotropic vertical structures at higher altitudes, which resembled the circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern. The maintenance of CGT depends on the interaction between CGT circulation and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), which has a major influence on the mid-latitude atmosphere. Strengthening of the ISM results in the formation of upper-level anomalous anticyclones in the northwestern Iranian Plateau and creates continuous downstream cells along the waveguide due to Rossby wave dispersion. When diabetic heating by Indian summer monsoon precipitation is strengthened, the SAH is strengthened to the northwest of India, and a positive CGT pattern is formed. As a result, anomalous anticyclones were formed in all layers of the Korean troposphere resulting in heat waves, tropical nights, and droughts exacerbated in South Korea.
Individual, school and natural environment influences on children with motor coordination problems: The Peruvian Health and Optimist Growth Study
Authors: Pereira Sara , Bustamante Alcibíades , Santos Carla , Hedeker Donald , Tani Go , Garganta Rui , Vasconcelos Olga , Baxter-Jones Adam , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Maia José 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the interplay between individual and natural environments, as well as the effects of school characteristics, on Peruvian children and adolescents’ gross motor coordination (GMC) problems. The sample comprises 7401 participants (4121 girls) aged 6–14 years from three geographical regions: sea-level, Amazon and high-altitude. GMC categories (normal and with problems) were defined from the KörperkoordinationsTest für Kinder test battery. Stunting (height-for-age) and nutritional status (BMI-for-age) were obtained from WHO Growth Standards. Biological maturation was estimated, and physical fitness was measured. School context information was obtained from an objective audit. Logistic multilevel analysis was used. Results showed a high prevalence of GMC problems in Peruvian youth. Sex, age, geographical area of residence, biological maturation, nutritional status, stunting and physical fitness were important predictors of GMC problems. Moreover, there was an interaction between age, sex, and geographical area showing that girls, older subjects, and those from sea level regions were more likely to display GMC problems. The school context was less important in predicting GMC problems than the interplay between individual characteristics and the natural environment. The early identification as well as educational and pediatric care interventions are of utmost importance to reduce GMC problems among Peruvian children and adolescents.
Structural Role of Strontium Oxide in Modified Silicate Glasses
Authors: El-Damrawi Gomaa , Ramadan Rawia , Biomey mohamed 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the composition range of x= 0-15 mol%, glasses in the system 24.5Na2O.24.5CaO.6P2O5.xSrO.(45-x)SiO2 have been studied. The glasses are transparent and have an amorphous network structure when they are as prepared. Heat treated glasses, on the other hand, are transformed into opaque white glass ceramics with a highly crystalline network structure. The main well-formed crystalline species in material bioactivity were apatite (calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, wollastonite (calcium silicate, CaSiO3), and strontium calcium phosphate [Ca2Sr(PO4)2. Increasing SrO improves material crystallite and increases the host glass matrix's hardness. The modification of the apatit Ca(PO3)2 to involve Sr ions inducing Ca2Sr (PO4)2 apatite one is thought to be the cause of the change in XRD spectra, 31P NMR chemical shift, and hardness number as SrO increases. These species help to improve material properties and hardness.
Micro-engineered Nanowire Electron Source for Atomic Resolution Imaging
Authors: Zhang Han , Jimbo Yu , Niwata Akira , Ikeda Akihiro , Yasuhara Akira , Cretu Ovidiu , Kimoto Koji , Kasaya Takeshi , Miyazaki Hideki , Tsujii Naohito , Wang Hongxin , Yamauchi Yasushi , Fujita Daisuke , Kitamura Shin-ichi , Manabe Hironobu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The size tunability and chemical versatility of nanostructures provide attractive engineering potential to realize an electron source of high brightness and spatial temporal coherence, which is a characteristic ever pursued by high resolution electron microscopy. (1–3) Regardless of the intensive research efforts, electron sources that have ever produced atomic resolution images are still limited to the conventional field emitters based on a bulk W needle. It is due to the lack of fabrication precision for nanostructured sources, that is required to align a nanometric emission volume along a macroscopic emitter axis with sub-degree angular deviation. (4) In this work, we produced a LaB6 nanowire electron source which was micro-engineered to ensure a highly collimated electron beam with perfect lateral and angular alignment. Such electron source was validated by installing in an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope, where atomic resolution in both broad-beam and probe-forming modes were demonstrated at 60kV beam energy. The recorded un-monochromated 0.20eV electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) resolution, together with 20% probe forming efficiency and 0.4% probe current peak-to-peak noise ratio under a wide vacuum range, presented the unique advantages of nanotechnology and promised high performance low-cost electron beam instruments.
Central Venous Pressure and Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Multiple Comorbidities: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sun Runlu , Guo Qi , Wang Junjie , Zou Yaoyao , Chen Zhiteng , Wang Jingfeng , Zhang Yuling 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Given the traditional acceptance of higher central venous pressure (CVP) levels, clinicians ignore the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). The objective of this study is to assess whether elevated CVP is associated with increased AKI in critically ill patients with multiple comorbidities. Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study using data collected from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) open-source clinical database (version 1.4). Critically ill adult patients with CVP and serum creatine measurement records were included. Linear and multivariable logistic regression were performed to determine the association between elevated CVP and AKI. Results: A total of 11135 patients were enrolled in our study. Critically ill patients in higher quartiles of mean CVP presented greater KDIGO AKI severity stages in 2 and 7 days. Linear regression showed CVP quartile was positively correlated with the incidence of AKI within 2 (R2=0.989, P=0.005) and 7 days (R2=0.990, P=0.004). Furthermore, patients in the highest quartile of mean CVP had a higher risk of AKI in 7 days compared with those in the lowest quartile of mean CVP, with an OR of 2.21 (95% CI: 1.85-2.65) after adjusting for demographics, treatments and comorbidities. The adjusted odds of AKI were 1.07 (95% CI: 1.06-1.09) per 1 mmHg increase in mean CVP. Conclusions: Elevated CVP is associated with an increased risk of AKI in critically ill patients with multiple comorbidities. The optimal CVP should be personalized and kept at a low level to avoid AKI in critical care settings.
Reversal of Acquired Resistance to EGFR–TKI in T790M-negative Patients With Non–small-cell Lung Cancer Using Anlotinib
Authors: Zhang Chen , Cao Honggang , Jin Shidai , Gao Wen , Huang Chenjun , Guo Renhua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Treatment options for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M-negative patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and acquired resistance (AR) to EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR–TKI) are limited. The efficacy of EGFR–TKI and anti-angiogenic drug combination therapy in these patients is known. We investigated the effectiveness of EGFR–TKI+anlotinib combination therapy in patients with T790M-negative NSCLC. Method: We evaluated the antitumor effects of gefitinib combined with anlotinib in gefitinib-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells. We also investigated the treatment effect and absence of adverse events of EGFR–TKI+anlotinib therapy in 22 T790M-negative patients after EGFR–TKI treatment failure between January 2018 and August 2020. Results: Anlotinib reversed gefitinib resistance in the gefitinib-resistant cell line, PC9/GR, by enhancing anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of gefitinib. The gefitinib+anlotinib treatment exerted a synergistic antitumor effect by downregulating the activation of VEGFR2 and downstream effectors, Akt and ERK. The EGFR–TKI+anlotinib therapy exhibited an objective response rate of 18.2% and a disease control rate of 95.5%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.53 ± 1.94 months, whereas the median overall survival was not reached. The median PFS was longer in patients exhibiting gradual progression (13.30 ± 1.69 months) than in patients with dramatic progression (8.60 ± 5.39 months, p = 0.041). One Grade 3 adverse event was noted (diarrhea, n = 2, 9.1%), and Grade 4 or 5 adverse events were absent.Conclusion: EGFR–TKI combined with anlotinib demonstrated powerful antitumor activity in vitro and excellent treatment effect in T790M-negative NSCLC patients after AR.
Surface Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Under Post Agricultural Grasslands Offset by Net Loss at Depth
Authors: Yang Yi , Loecke Terrance , Knops Johanness 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Post agricultural grasslands are considered to accumulate soil organic carbon (SOC) after cultivation cessation. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in the U.S. is a wide scale, covering approximately 8.9 Mha as of 2020, example of row-crop to grassland conversion. To date, SOC sequestration rates, and potential, in CRP has mostly been evaluated at local scales and focused on the surface 20–30 cm of the soil profile. Thus, we lack knowledge of C sequestration rates in CRP lands on a continental scale and of C dynamics in the subsurface soil after agricultural cessation. The Rapid Carbon Assessment (RaCA) project is the most recent effort by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to systematically quantify C stock in the 0-100 cm soil profiles across the conterminous US. Here we analyze data from RaCA to evaluate the C stocks of the CRP on a continental scale of both surface and subsurface soil. We found there was no difference in SOC stock between croplands and CRP lands when comparing the 0-100 cm soil profiles, which indicates that the C sequestration in CRP lands is insignificant overall. We did find that SOC accumulated in the surface soil (0–5 cm) in CRP lands. However, theses C gains in surface (0–5 cm) soil were offset by the lower SOC stock in the subsurface (30–100 cm) of the CRP. We also found that the C: N ratio in the subsurface soil in CRP lands is lower than that of croplands, indicating a lack of labile organic matter inputs in the subsoil. Whether the lower SOC in the subsurface of CRP is caused by legacy effects or is a result of C losses needs to be verified by long-term repeated sampling in both surface and subsurface soil. This analysis highlights the importance of examining C dynamics in subsurface soil after agricultural cessation to accurately measure and improve C sequestration rates in CRP lands.