bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of an Origami Bendy Straw for Robotic Multistable Structures
Authors: Bernardes Evandro , Viollet Stéphane 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article presents a soft cylindrical multistable origami structure based on “bendy straws,” consisting of multiple conical frusta mimicking the structure of a flexible drinking straw. These frusta are connected in such a way that the whole structure is axially multistable, having a stable compressed state in which its smallest frustum is collapsed. The bendy straw structure can also be modified so that the smallest frustum collapses only partially, keeping the structure in a bent state. We studied the geometry of a similar structure consisting of polygonal frusta instead of conical ones and used this geometry to design a nonrigidly foldable origami pattern folding into a similar origami bendy straw structure. Most of the origami structures presented so far have been modeled from rigidly foldable origami patterns: These origami structures do not rely on local deformations of the sheet and cannot use it to their advantage, whereas the nonrigid origami structure presented here features multistability. We have established that this origami structure is not only axially multistable, but that it can also be kept in a bent state, thanks to the use of pop-through defects (PTDs). The origami bendy straws studied here were made from paper (with a density of 90 g/m2) bilaminated with a 42.5 μm thick plastic film. A digital dynamometer was used to study the forces required to compress and expand a single origami bendy straw, create and reverse a PTD, and bend an origami bendy straw using PTDs.
Computational Modeling of Voice Production Using Excised Canine Larynx
Authors: Jiang Weili , Farbos de Luzan Charles , Wang Xiaojian , Oren Liran , Khosla Sid M. , Xue Qian , Zheng Xudong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A combined experimental–numerical work was conducted to comprehensively validate a subject-specific continuum model of voice production in larynx using excised canine laryngeal experiments. The computational model is a coupling of the Navier–Stokes equations for glottal flow dynamics and a finite element model of vocal fold dynamics. The numerical simulations employed a cover-body vocal fold structure with the geometry reconstructed from magnetic resonance imaging scans and the material properties determined through an optimization-based inverse process of experimental indentation measurement. The results showed that the simulations predicted key features of the dynamics observed in the experiments, including the skewing of the glottal flow waveform, mucosal wave propagation, continuous increase of the divergent angle and intraglottal swirl strength during glottal closing, and flow recirculation between glottal jet and vocal fold. The simulations also predicted the increase of the divergent angle, glottal jet speed, and intraglottal flow swirl strength with the subglottal pressure, same as in the experiments. Quantitatively, the simulations over-predicted the frequency and jet speed and under-predicted the flow rate and divergent angle for the larynx under study. The limitations of the model and their implications were discussed.
Transient Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Control Based on Iterative Dynamic Programing
Authors: Zhu Qilun , Prucka Robert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This research proposes an iterative dynamic programing (IDP) algorithm that generates an optimal supervisory control policy for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) considering transient powertrain dynamics. The proposed algorithm tries to solve the “curse of dimensionality” and the “curse of modeling” of conventional dynamic programing (DP). The proposed IDP algorithm iteratively updates the DP formulation using a machine learning-based powertrain model. The machine learning model is recursively trained using the outputs from the driving cycle simulation with a high-fidelity model. Once the reduced model converges to the high-fidelity model accuracy, the resulting control policy yields a 9.1% fuel economy (FE) improvement compared to the baseline nonpredictive rule-based control for the urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) driving cycle. A conventional DP control strategy based on a quasi-static powertrain model and a perfect preview of future power demand yields 14.2% FE improvement. However, the FE improvement reduces to 5.7% when the policy is validated with the high-fidelity model. It is concluded that capturing the transient powertrain dynamics is critical to generating a realistic fuel economy prediction and relevant powertrain control policy. The proposed IDP strategy employs targeted state-space exploration to leverage the improving state trajectory from previous iterations. Compared to conventional fixed state-space sampling methods, this method improves the accuracy of the DP policy against discretization error. It also significantly reduces the computational load of the relatively high number of states of the transient powertrain model.
Suppression of Nonsynchronous Vibration Through Intentional Aerodynamic and Structural Mistuning
Authors: Stapelfeldt Sina , Brandstetter Christoph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nonsynchronous vibrations (NSVs) arising near the stall boundary of compressors are a recurring and potentially safety-critical problem in modern axial compressors and fans. Recent research has improved predictive capabilities and physical understanding of NSV, but prevention measures are still lacking. This article addresses this by systematically studying the influence of aerodynamic and structural mistuning on NSV. This is achieved by incorporating mistuning effects in a validated linear model, in which individual blade modes are modeled as single-degree-of-freedom mass oscillators coupled by a convected aerodynamic disturbance term. The results demonstrate that both structural and aerodynamic mistuning are effective. While structural mistuning improves stability by preventing aero-structure lock-in, aerodynamic mistuning, which locally reduces the tip blockage and attenuates the aerodynamic disturbance causing NSV. In the latter case, the circumferentially averaged conditions are shown to be most influential, while the pattern plays a minor role. A combination of moderate aerodynamic and structural mistuning (1%) was also found to be effective. These findings are relevant for design decisions, demonstrating that small blade-to-blade variations can suppress NSV.
Investigation of Flow Structure in a Narrow Clearance of a Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Impeller
Authors: Inaba Yumeno , Sakai Kento , Miyagawa Kazuyoshi , Iino Masamichi , Sano Takeshi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The disk friction loss is remarkably large in low specific speed centrifugal pumps, and an effective reduction method has not been established. Therefore, to develop the method, the loss mechanism was investigated. To grasp the internal flow structure in the narrow clearance, both experimental and computational approaches were used. An experimental apparatus that imitates clearance between a rotating impeller disk and a stationary casing disk was used and the static pressure distribution in the radial direction was measured. The internal flow where the disk friction loss occurs was investigated. In the case of outward flow, the static pressure decreased because the influence of the centrifugal force lessened toward the outer diameter of the disk, as the flow rate surged. For this reason, the pressure gradient became steep. According to the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, there was a vortex in the cross section of the clearance. This vortex encouraged flow recirculation and promoted the increase in the circumferential velocity in the potential core. When the flow rate grew, the vortex diminished. The circumferential velocity gradient and the shear stress intensified. As a result, the disk friction escalated. In the case of inward flow, the pressure gradient became steep as the flow rate increased. There was a vortex in the clearance, the size of which lessened when the flow rate surged. The disk friction had a minimum value at the flow rate was 6 × 10−4 m3/s. This research clarified that the vortex in the clearance has a remarkable effect on reducing the disk friction.
Training Characteristics of a World Championship 5000-m Finalist and Multiple Continental Record Holder Over the Year Leading to a World Championship Final
Authors: Kenneally Mark , Casado Arturo , Gomez-Ezeiza Josu , Santos-Concejero Jordan 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:Optimal training for endurance performance remains a debated topic. In this case study, the training of a world-class middle-/long-distance runner over a year’s duration is presented.Methods:The training is analyzed via 2 methods to define training intensity distribution (TID) (1) by physiological zones and (2) by zones based on race pace. TID was analyzed over the full season, but also over the final 6, 12, and 26 weeks to allow for consideration of periodization/phases of season. The results of both methods are compared. Other training data measured include volume and number of sessions.Results:The average weekly volume for the athlete was 145.8 (24.8) km·wk−1. TID by physiological analysis was polarized for the last 6 weeks of the season but was pyramidal when analyzed over the final 12, 26, and 52 weeks of the season. TID by race-pace analysis was pyramidal across all time points. The athlete finished 12th in the final of the World Championship 5000-m and made the semifinal of the 1500-m. He was ranked in the top 16 in the world for 1500, 5000, and 10,000 m.Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrate a potential flaw with recent work suggesting polarized training as the most effective means to improve endurance performance. Here, different analysis methods produced 2 different types of TID. A polarized distribution was only seen when analyzed by physiological approach, and only during the last 6 weeks of a 52-week season. Longer-term prospective studies relating performance and physiological changes are suggested.
Dropless penetrating keratoplasty using a subconjunctival dexamethasone implant: safety pilot study
Authors: Trone Marie Caroline , Poinard Sylvain , Crouzet Emmanuel , Garcin Thibaud , Mentek Marielle , Forest Fabien , Matray Marie , Thuret Gilles , Gain Philippe 
Published: August 2021

Background/aimRejection is the main cause of graft failure after penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Its prevention by repeated instillation of steroid eye-drops has not evolved in decades. Poor adherence and discontinuous nature of eye-drop treatment may explain some PK failures. In a rabbit model, we previously demonstrated that a subconjunctival dexamethasone implant was well tolerated and prevented rejection efficiently in the first 5–6 weeks. This clinical trial investigates its tolerance and safety after PK.MethodsSingle-centre, phase II non-randomised tolerance and safety pilot study (NCT02834260). Designed to analyse the risk of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), discomfort and resorption time. Fourteen patients with a low rejection risk indication of PK were enrolled between January 2017 and August 2018. The implant was injected in the 12 o’clock position, 5 mm from the limbus, at the end of PK. A steroid eye-drop treatment was planned when implant resorption was complete. Patients were monitored regularly for 12 months: IOP (main outcome measure at 1 month), discomfort and redness scores, implant status, rejection episode and central corneal thickness by optical coherence tomography. An independent data safety monitoring committee verified safety aspects.ResultsNo increase in IOP or other adverse event related to the implant was observed. Average resorption time was 6 weeks. The switch to steroid eye-drops was uneventful. One patient, included despite preoperative corneal neovascularisation (unintended protocol deviation) experienced a rejection.ConclusionsThis is the first proof of concept that dropless immunosuppression is possible after low rejection risk PK.Trial registration numberNCT02834260.
Central macular OCTA parameters in glaucoma
Authors: Nishida Takashi , Oh Won Hyuk , Moghimi Sasan , Yarmohammadi Adeleh , Hou Huiyuan , David Ryan Caezar C , Kamalipour Alireza , Shoji Takuhei , El-Nimri Nevin , Rezapour Jasmin , M Zangwill Linda , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: August 2021

Background/aimsTo investigate the relationship between the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and central visual field parameters in glaucoma and healthy subjects.MethodsOne hundred and eighty-eight subjects (248 eyes), including 24 healthy (38 eyes), 37 glaucoma suspect (42 eyes, and 127 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients (168 eyes), underwent imaging using OCTA and standard automated perimetry using the 24-2 and 10-2 Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm. OCTA-based and OCT-based FAZ parameters (superficial FAZ area, FAZ circumference), foveal vessel density (FD300) and foveal thickness were measured. The correlation between FAZ parameters and visual field parameters was assessed using linear mixed model.ResultsAxial length adjusted-FAZ area was not different among the three groups (mean (95% CI)): in healthy 0.31 (0.27 to 0.36) mm2, glaucoma suspect 0.29 (0.26 to 0.31) mm2and POAG eyes 0.28 (0.27 to 0.30) mm2(p=0.578). FD300 was lower in glaucoma suspect 49.1% (47.9% to 50.4%) and POAG eyes 48.7% (48.1% to 49.4%) than healthy eyes 50.5% (49.3% to 51.7%) though the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.071). Lower FD300 was associated with worse 24-2 and 10-2 visual field mean deviation and foveal threshold in multivariable linear mixed models (all p<0.05). In addition, a smaller FAZ area was associated with lower intraocular pressure (IOP) (p=0.026).ConclusionsThe FD300, but not the FAZ area was correlated with 10° central visual field mean deviation and foveal threshold in healthy, glaucoma suspect and POAG eyes. In contrast, a smaller FAZ area was associated with lower IOP.
Statistics of the number of equilibria in random social dilemma evolutionary games with mutation
Authors: Duong Manh Hong , Han The Anh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study analytically the statistics of the number of equilibria in pairwise social dilemma evolutionary games with mutation where a game’s payoff entries are random variables. Using the replicator–mutator equations, we provide explicit formulas for the probability distributions of the number of equilibria as well as other statistical quantities. This analysis is highly relevant assuming that one might know the nature of a social dilemma game at hand (e.g., cooperation vs coordination vs anti-coordination), but measuring the exact values of its payoff entries is difficult. Our delicate analysis shows clearly the influence of the mutation probability on these probability distributions, providing insights into how varying this important factor impacts the overall behavioural or biological diversity of the underlying evolutionary systems.Graphic abstract
Three-dimensional teleparallel Chern-Simons supergravity theory
Authors: Caroca Ricardo , Concha Patrick , Peñafiel Diego , Rodríguez Evelyn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work we present a gauge-invariant three-dimensional teleparallel supergravity theory using the Chern-Simons formalism. The present construction is based on a supersymmetric extension of a particular deformation of the Poincaré algebra. At the bosonic level the theory describes a non-Riemannian geometry with a non-vanishing torsion. In presence of supersymmetry, the teleparallel supergravity theory is characterized by a non-vanishing super-torsion in which the cosmological constant can be seen as a source for the torsion. We show that the teleparallel supergravity theory presented here reproduces the Poincaré supergravity in the vanishing cosmological limit. The extension of our results to $${\mathcal {N}}=p+q$$

N
=
p
+
q

supersymmetries is also explored.
Lattice QCD study of the elastic and transition form factors of charmed baryons
Authors: Can K. U. 
Published: August 2021

Composite nature of a particle can be probed by electromagnetic interactions and information about their structure is embedded in form factors. Most of the experimental and theoretical efforts on baryon electromagnetic form factors have been focused on nucleon while the data on charmed sector are limited to spectroscopy, and weak and strong decays. Forthcoming experiments with a heavy-hadron physics program at major experimental facilities are expected to provide a wealth of information on charmed baryons, which calls for a better understanding of the heavy-sector dynamics from theoretical grounds. We review the progress in calculating the elastic and transition form factors of charmed baryons in lattice QCD. A collection of static observables, e.g. charge radii, multipole moments, are presented along with the elastic form factors up to [Formula: see text]. As one would expect the charmed baryons are compact in comparison to nucleon and this is due to the presence of valence charm quark(s). The elastic and transition magnetic moments are both suppressed. The lattice results provide predictions for the transition magnetic moments, transition and helicity amplitudes and consequentially the decay widths of some singly and doubly charmed baryons. In general, lattice results are consonant with the qualitative expectations of quark model and heavy-quark symmetry, although there are apparent quantitative differences up to two orders of magnitude in some cases. There are, however, indications that the lattice results can be utilized to improve the model predictions. Nevertheless, discrepancies between the lattice and nonlattice calculations need to be understood better to have a solid insight into the dynamics of the heavy sector. Furthermore, reliably determined charmed baryon observables would be invaluable input to investigate the nature of exotic states, which further emphasizes the importance of rigorous, first-principles calculations to advance our understanding of the dynamics of the heavy quarks and strong interactions.
One-Step Synthesis of Ribonucleases A–Ag Nanocomposites as Fluorescent Nanodrugs for in vivo Delivery
Authors: Luo Yuan , Chen Yunfeng , Yang Xing , Wang Yueming , Li Yunxia , Gu Xueping , Zhang Jian , Chen Jun , Hao Yuefeng , Shen Gang 
Published: August 2021

Proteins and enzymes with potential therapeutic function have been widely used in drug delivery. Meanwhile, nanocrystals (NCs) have showed their advantage as in vivo fluorescent indicators. Combining of these two kinds of materials can result in multifunctional composites. Here, a one-step synthesis of protein–NCs nanocomposites with near infrared (NIR) fluorescence and efficient therapeutic function was developed. Ag NCs were formed using ribonucleases A (RNase A) enzyme as a stabilizer. Meanwhile, the RNase A with long chain rapped around Ag NCs and formed RNase A–Ag nanocomposites. The nanocomposites remained both the NIR fluorescence of Ag NCs and antitumor activity of RNase A. The inhibition of the growth of tumor cells by the nanocomposites was confirmed. This study developed an efficient drug delivery system through combination of the protein and nanoparticles, which had potential clinical application in the future.
Elucidation of Tumor-Stromal Heterogeneity and the Ligand-Receptor Interactome by Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Real-world Pancreatic Cancer Biopsies
Authors: Lee Jaewon J. , Bernard Vincent , Semaan Alexander , Monberg Maria E. , Huang Jonathan , Stephens Bret M. , Lin Daniel , Rajapakshe Kimal I. , Weston Brian R. , Bhutani Manoop S. , Haymaker Cara L. , Bernatchez Chantale , Taniguchi Cullen M. , Maitra Anirban , Guerrero Paola A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Precision medicine approaches in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are imperative for improving disease outcomes. With molecular subtypes of PDAC gaining relevance in the context of therapeutic stratification, the ability to characterize heterogeneity of cancer-specific gene expression patterns is of great interest. In addition, understanding patterns of immune evasion within PDAC is of importance as novel immunotherapeutic strategies are developed.

Experimental Design:
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is readily applicable to limited biopsies from human primary and metastatic PDAC and identifies most cancers as being an admixture of previously described epithelial transcriptomic subtypes.

Results:
Integrative analyses of our data provide an in-depth characterization of the heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblast subclasses, and predicts for a multitude of ligand-receptor interactions, revealing potential targets for immunotherapy approaches.

Conclusions:
Our analysis demonstrates that the use of de novo biopsies from patients with PDAC paired with scRNA-seq may facilitate therapeutic prediction from limited biopsy samples.
Compared Outcomes of ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients With Multivessel Disease Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Preserved Fractional Flow Reserve of Nonculprit Lesions Treated Conservatively and of Those With Low Fractional Flow Reserve Managed Invasively: Insights From the FLOWER-MI Trial
Authors: Denormandie Pierre , Simon Tabassome , Cayla Guillaume , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Montalescot Gilles , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , le Bras Alicia , le Breton Hervé , Valy Yann , Schiele François , Cuisset Thomas , Vanzetto Gérald , Levesque Sébastien , Goube Pascal , Nallet Olivier , Angoulvant Denis , Roubille François , Charles Nelson Anaïs , Chatellier Gilles , Danchin Nicolas , Puymirat Etienne ,   for the FLOWER-MI Study Investigators
Published: August 2021

Background:
In patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for nonculprit lesions guided by fractional flow reserve (FFR) is superior to treatment of the culprit lesion alone. Whether deferring nonculprit PCI is safe in this specific context is questionable. We aimed to assess clinical outcomes at 1 year in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and an FFR-guided strategy for nonculprit lesions, according to whether or not ≥1 PCI was performed.

Methods:
Outcomes were analyzed in patients of the randomized FLOWER-MI (Flow Evaluation to Guide Revascularization in Multivessel ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) trial in whom, after successful primary PCI, nonculprit lesions were assessed using FFR. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and unplanned hospitalization with urgent revascularization at 1 year.

Results:

Among 1171 patients enrolled in this study, 586 were assigned to the FFR-guided group: 388 (66%) of them had ≥1 PCI, and 198 (34%) had no PCI. Mean FFR before decision (ie, PCI or not) of nonculprit lesions was 0.75±0.10 and 0.88±0.06, respectively. During follow-up, a primary outcome event occurred in 16 of 388 patients (4.1%) in patients with PCI and in 16 of 198 patients (8.1%) in patients without PCI (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.20–0.88];
P
=0.02).

Conclusions:
In patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing complete revascularization guided by FFR measurement, those with ≥1 PCI had lower event rates at 1 year, compared with patients with deferred PCI, suggesting that deferring lesions judged relevant by visual estimation but with FFR >0.80 may not be optimal in this context. Future randomized studies are needed to confirm these data.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02943954.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.