bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustaining Dual Language Immersion: Partner Language Outcomes in a Statewide Program
Authors: WATZINGER–THARP JOHANNA , THARP DOUGLAS S. , RUBIO FERNANDO 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDual language immersion (DLI) as an alternative model to monolingual English‐medium education has continued to expand rapidly over the past decade. As this model continues to grow across the United States, stakeholders look to research to demonstrate sustainability and scalability of dual language programs. Drawing on 224 schools, the statewide study reported in this article investigated whether students’ growth in a non‐English DLI partner language sustained into the secondary level, to what degree students met performance benchmarks for these partner languages, and whether targeted outcomes were attained during program expansion. The longitudinal analysis of assessment data shows that middle school students performed at Intermediate Mid to High levels on the American Council for the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) proficiency scale in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, and that a segment of students raised their performance levels from 8th to 9th grade. Furthermore, a considerable portion of DLI students in French and Spanish dual language programs reached the Advanced level in 9th grade. Finally, 3rd‐ and 4th‐grade data show that targeted performance outcomes held from one testing year to another, 4 years later, and after a substantial increase in enrollments. The article concludes with a discussion of curricular and policy implications.
Ethnic return migration, exclusion and the role of ethnic options: ‘Soviet Greek’ migrants in their ethnic homeland and the Pontic identity
Authors: Pratsinakis Manolis 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDrawing on ethnographic research, this paper explores the reasons why and the processes through which the Greeks from the former Soviet Union altered their self‐identification after migration to their ethnic homeland. Responding to their labelling by the native Greeks and the doubts expressed about their Greekness, most introduce themselves as Pontians, even though the area of Pontos was not a marker of identification for them in the Soviet Union. They do so to express their felt experience of otherness in Greece and to claim their belongingness in the Greek nation. Exploring this case of ethnic return migration, the paper shows how migrants select among available ethnic options and redefine them, to assert their desired identities and strive for inclusion. In so doing it highlights the situational and processual character of ethnic identification, which should not be treated as a direct function of one's descent and culture. At the same time, it shows the constraining role of available ethnic options delimiting this process. Ethnic labels are not empty vessels. They carry particular significations that make them appealing or foreign to different migrant categories and also define the discursive and performative limitations in their ability to claim them and gain national acceptance.
Diffuse midline glioma with H3 K27M mutation of the spinal cord: A series of 33 cases
Authors: Yao Jingjing , Wang Leiming , Ge Haijing , Yin Hongfang , Piao Yueshan 
Published: February 2021

We investigated the risk factors for diffuse midline gliomas of the spinal cord (DMGSCs). Seventy patients with spinal cord gliomas in two hospitals were analyzed retrospectively. Sixty‐nine patients that underwent surgery achieved partial or gross total removal. The patients were subdivided into some groups, based on age, WHO grade, tumor location within the cord, tumor size, and molecular profile: immunohistochemical expression of p53 and ATRX, and mutational status of Histone 3 (H3), and BRAF. Thirty‐three patients had an H3 K27M mutation (47%). Some clinical characteristics were significantly different between H3 K27M mutant and H3 wild‐type tumors. The main risk factors for DMGSCs were male sex, glioblastomas, and ≤ 2 spinal cord segments. The median survival period of patients with H3 K27M mutant tumors was significantly shorter than those with H3 wild‐type tumors (17.0 ± 3.7 months vs censored, P < 0.0001). In the DMGSC subgroup, patients with thoracic cord tumors had a significantly better prognosis than those with cervical cord tumors (31.0 ± 6.0 vs 10.0 ± 4.8 months). Patients > 45 years of age survived significantly longer than patients < 19 years (P = 0.001). In conclusion, H3 K27M mutation significantly predicts a worse outcome of spinal cord gliomas. Anatomical location and age are the main risk factors for DMGSCs.
Overexpression of two CDPKs from wild Chinese grapevine enhances powdery mildew resistance in Vitis vinifera and Arabidopsis
Authors: Hu Yang , Cheng Yuan , Yu Xuena , Liu Jie , Yang Lushan , Gao Yurong , Ke Guihua , Zhou Min , Mu Bo , Xiao Shunyuan , Wang Yuejin , Wen Ying‐Qiang 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Calcium‐dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play vital roles in metabolic regulations and stimuli responses in plants. However, little is known about their function in grapevine.

Here, we report that VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13, two paralogous CDPKs from Vitis pseudoreticulata accession Baihe‐35‐1, appear to positively regulate powdery mildew resistance. The transcription of them in leaves of ‘Baihe‐35‐1’ were differentially induced upon powdery mildew infection. Overexpression of VpCDPK9‐YFP or VpCDPK13‐YFP in the V. vinifera susceptible cultivar Thompson Seedless resulted in enhanced resistance to powdery mildew (YFP, yellow fluorescent protein). This might be due to elevation of SA and ethylene production, and excess accumulation of H2O2 and callose in penetrated epidermal cells and/or the mesophyll cells underneath.

Ectopic expression of VpCDPK9‐YFP in Arabidopsis resulted in varied degrees of reduced stature, pre‐mature senescence and enhanced powdery mildew resistance. However, these phenotypes were abolished in VpCDPK9‐YFP transgenic lines impaired in SA signaling (pad4sid2) or ethylene signaling (ein2). Moreover, both of VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 were found to interact with and potentially phosphorylate VpMAPK3, VpMAPK6, VpACS1 and VpACS2 in vivo (ACS, 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase; MAPK, mitogen‐activated protein kinase).

These results suggest that VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 contribute to powdery mildew resistance via positively regulating SA and ethylene signaling in grapevine.
Coordination of spring vascular and organ phenology in deciduous angiosperms growing in seasonally cold climates
Authors: Savage Jessica A. , Chuine Isabelle 
Published: February 2021

SummaryIn seasonally cold climates, many woody plants tolerate chilling and freezing temperatures by ceasing growth, shedding leaves and entering dormancy. At the same time, transport within these plants often decreases as the vascular system exhibits reduced functionality. As spring growth requires water and nutrients, we ask the question: how much does bud, leaf and flower development depend on the vasculature in spring? In this review, we present what is known about leaf, flower and vascular phenology to sort out this question. In early stages of bud development, buds rely on internal resources and do not appear to require vascular support. The situation changes during organ expansion, after leaves and flowers reconnect to the stem vascular system. However, there are major gaps in our understanding of the timing of vascular development, especially regarding the phloem, as well as the synchronization among leaves, flowers, stem and root vasculature. We believe these gaps are mainly the outcome of research completed in silo and urge future work to take a more integrative approach. We highlight current challenges and propose future directions to make rapid progress on this important topic in upcoming years.
Does FDI in Upstream and Downstream Sectors Facilitate Quality Upgrading? Evidence from Russian Exporters*
Authors: Poupakis Stavros 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study examines whether foreign direct investment inflows facilitate upgrading of export quality in host countries. The analysis focuses on the Russian Federation and uses customs data merged with firm‐level information from ORBIS. The results show a positive relationship between the quality of products exported by domestic firms and the presence of foreign affiliates in the upstream (input‐supplying) industries. This relationship is present irrespective of export destination or FDI origin. The results are robust to using different proxies to measure product quality.
Cephalic vein access by modified Seldinger technique for lead implantations
Authors: Rademakers Leonard M. , Bracke Frank A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundVenous access for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) is commonly performed by cephalic venous cut down, or axillary or subclavian vein puncture. The latter technique carries a risk of complications such as pneumothorax or lead crush. Cephalic venous cut down is free of these complications but often less successful due to technical difficulties. We report a highly successful, simplified cephalic venous access with a modified Seldinger technique.MethodsWe prospectively studied 221 patients undergoing de novo implantation of a one, two, or three lead device system performed over a 1‐year period at our center, and assessed the efficacy of the cephalic vein access including the number of leads successfully placed for each procedure.ResultsIn 83% of patients undergoing CIED implantation, a suitable cephalic vein was present. In respectively 98% and 99% of patients undergoing single‐ or dual‐chamber CIED implantation, lead placement could be performed exclusively via the cephalic vein and in 72% of cardiac resynchronization therapy implants, all three leads were placed via cephalic access.ConclusionA novel, technically simple cephalic venous catheterization technique provides high success rates for any CIED lead implantation.
Youth Migration Decisions in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Satellite‐Based Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Amare Mulubrhan , Abay Kibrom A. , Arndt Channing , Shiferaw Bekele 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article examines the implications of urban growth on youth migration decisions in Nigeria. We use night light intensity data combined with Living Standards Measurement Study‐Integrated Surveys on Agriculture data, as an indicator of urban growth and associated economic opportunities. Employing alternative econometric approaches that exploit the spatial and temporal differences in urban growth as proxied by night light intensity, we find that urban growth in potential migrant destinations encourages youth migration. We also find heterogeneous responses to urban growth among various groups of youth as well as varying responses to different types of migration. Broadly, women and those youth with more education are more likely to migrate, while those in households with livestock are less likely to migrate. Often, however, the effects are complex and varied. For example, land and physical asset ownership encourage temporary migration; but greater land ownership discourages permanent migration, while physical assets have insignificant effects. Our results from Nigeria show that policy makers concerned about rural–urban youth exodus should adopt a differentiated, in terms of targets, and multidimensional policy approach to reap the benefits of urbanization while avoiding its negative consequences.
Statistics in quality improvement: Measurement and statistical process control
Authors: Wolfe Heather A. , Taylor April , Subramanyam Rajeev 
Published: February 2021

AbstractData are used in healthcare quality improvement endeavors to measure and determine whether the changes made in the course of the work have made the desired impact. The methods used to analyze data in quality improvement differ slightly from those used in classical statistics. Run charts and statistical process control charts are the most common types of graphical representations used to visualize data collected for quality improvement. This review provides a basic introduction to measurement in quality improvement and explains the use of run charts and statistical process control charts with real‐life examples.
Engaging high school students about organ donation and transplantation: an evaluation of the High School Outreach Initiative (HSOI) program
Authors: Selvanathan Cynthia , Famure Olusegun , Batoy Benedict , Cocco Anna , So Stephanie , Breckbill Kathryn , Meliton Galo , Norgate Andrea , Kim Sang Joseph , Ng Vicky Lee 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdolescents can be influential in changing societal perceptions of organ donation and transplantation (ODT) but current studies on youth are limited. We sought to (1) assess the baseline knowledge in ODT among students in Toronto, Canada, and (2) evaluate the effectiveness of the High School Outreach Initiative (HSOI) program presentations in changing awareness and interest about ODT. Pre‐ and post‐presentation surveys were administered to high school students about their knowledge of ODT, awareness of donor registration, importance of donation, intent to register, and willingness to talk to their families about donation. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the students’ baseline knowledge and interest. Wilcoxon and McNemar tests were used to analyze changes in perceptions before and after the presentation. A total of 449 HSOI presentations were delivered to 33,090 students at 102 high schools in the Greater Toronto Area between 2012 and 2019. Data from 3327 surveys completed by students before a presentation showed 46.5% were not knowledgeable about ODT. For the 2‐year period between 2017 and 2019, 1224 matched pre‐ and post‐presentation surveys were collected. The 49.8% of students who stated they were not knowledgeable about ODT prior to the presentation decreased to 3.8% after (p < 0.001). Those who were not willing to register decreased by half after the presentation (p < 0.001). The HSOI is an effective educational program in improving youth's attitudes and perceptions toward ODT. Further directions of the program include the expansion to other cities and the collection of demographic information of students.
Opioid painkiller dependence in a sample of elderly medical inpatients
Authors: Chiappini Stefania , Schifano Fabrizio , Martinotti Giovanni , Strasser Johanna C. , Bonnet Udo , Scherbaum Norbert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundOver the past few years, there has been a growing concern about prescription opioid misuse and dependence in the elderly. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of previous and current prescription opioid dependence among elderly medical inpatients recruited from a large German hospital.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analyzed a cohort of inpatients aged 65 years and older who were assessed with a structured clinical interview. Levels of past and current dependence on opioids benzodiazepines, hypnotics, and non‐opioid analgesics were assessed.ResultsOf 2108 elderly inpatients admitted to the hospital during a 6‐month period, 400 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate to the survey. Among these 400 subjects, 43 (10.8%) presented with a dependence on opioid analgesics, including 41 with current dependence and 22 (51.2%) with a de novo condition. Addiction severity was considered mild in 65.1% of cases and severe in 11.6% of cases. Tilidine and oxycodone were the most typically reported molecules.ConclusionsFurther research is warranted, to better understand the possible risk factors of prescription drug misuse, abuse, and addiction in this vulnerable population. Clinicians should be updated and informed regarding both prescription medication misuse potential and safe prescribing practices in the elderly.
Thoracic ultrasound as a predictor of pleurodesis success at the time of indwelling pleural catheter removal
Authors: Chaddha Udit , Agrawal Abhinav , Bhavani Sivasubramanium V. , Sivertsen Kimberly , Donington D. Jessica , Ferguson Mark K. , Murgu Septimiu 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveIPC in patients with MPE are removed within 3 months in 30–58% of cases, usually due to decreased pleural fluid output as a result of pleurodesis. Disease control can also account for the lack of fluid output, potentially explaining why 4–14% of patients undergo repeat pleural intervention for fluid re‐accumulation (at the time of disease recurrence or progression). The aim of our pilot study is to determine the accuracy of thoracic ultrasound (TUS) in predicting pleurodesis success in patients with MPE at the time of IPC removal.MethodsThis is a single‐centre, prospective observational cohort study that enrolled consecutive patients with confirmed MPE treated with IPC at the time of IPC removal. TUS was performed to calculate a PAS. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 3 months. Failure was defined as pleural fluid recurrence within 3 months.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were screened and 25 were included in the final analysis. Pleurodesis success was observed in 88% (n = 22) and failure in 12% (n = 3) of patients. The mean PAS was higher in patients with pleurodesis success (22.0 vs 9.3, P = 0.01). A PAS greater than 10 predicted pleurodesis success with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 86%.ConclusionThis pilot study suggests that TUS at the time of IPC removal accurately identifies patients who have achieved pleurodesis and therefore will not have re‐accumulation of pleural effusion or require an ipsilateral pleural intervention for at least 3 months post‐IPC removal.
Exploring Scientists’ Values by Analyzing How They Frame Nature and Uncertainty
Authors: Vazquez Marco , McIlroy‐Young Bronwyn , Steel Daniel , Giang Amanda , Öberg Gunilla 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral scholars have proposed that values embedded in science are a central reason why more research does not necessarily resolve scientific controversies around complex environmental issues. In the Capital Regional District, British Columbia, Canada, scientists have positioned themselves for and against the construction of a wastewater treatment plant in a debate framed as purely technical. This study explores the link between the scientists’ positions in the debate and the way they, in their scientific publications, portray nature and environmental risks. We performed a qualitative content analysis of peer‐reviewed publications by scientists who have publicly taken opposing positions in the controversy. We found that scientists against treatment predominantly frame nature as tolerant, up to a limit, to disturbances and potential risks, and they seem to embrace a view of science as capable of reducing uncertainties. In contrast, scientists in favor of treatment predominantly portray nature as fragile, particularly toward human‐mobilized environmental risks and they commonly present scientific uncertainty as worrisome based on potentially harmful consequences. Our study suggests that value‐laden perspectives impact scientists’ positions even in a seemingly technical controversy.
Systemic Cyber Risk and Aggregate Impacts
Authors: Welburn Jonathan W. , Strong Aaron M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith some of the largest cyber attacks occurring in recent years—from 2010 to 2019—we are only beginning to understand the full extent of cyber risk. As businesses grapple with the risks of cyber‐incidents and their imperfect ability to prevent them, attention has shifted toward risk management and insurance. While there have been efforts to understand the costs of cyber attacks, the systemic risk—a result of risks spreading across interdependent systems—associated with cyber attacks remains a critical and problem in need of further study. We contribute a theoretical framework that describes systemic cyber risk as the result of cascading, common cause, or independent failures following a cyber incident. We construct a quantitative model of cascading failures to estimate the potential economic damage associated with a given cyber incident. We present an interdisciplinary approach for extending standard sector‐level input–output analyses to the cyber domain, which has not been done. We estimate the aggregate losses associated with firm‐level incidents, a contribution to risk analysis and computational economic modeling. We use this model to estimate the impact of potential cyber incidents and compare model results to a case with known damages. Finally, we use the model of systemic cyber failure to consider the implications on the growing cyber insurance market and the need for broader cyber policy. While we discuss the topic of systemic cyber risk, our contribution of using I/O analysis to estimate the aggregate losses from firm‐level incidents is applicable across a variety of risk analysis applications from environment to health.
Does agricultural trade liberalization increase obesity in developing countries?
Authors: Mary Sébastien , Stoler Avraham 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAgricultural trade liberalization has been sometimes accused of being one of the main causes of increasing obesity and overweight in developing countries. However, there is no consensus on the impacts of trade on obesity in the literature. We estimate the impacts of agricultural trade openness on the prevalence of obesity and overweight using a sample of 70 developing countries between 1990 and 2013. We find that a 1% increase in agricultural trade openness would decrease obesity prevalence by 0.5%. We find similar results for the prevalence of overweight. Our results are robust to alternative specifications. Our findings suggest that long‐term health concerns related to overnutrition associated with agricultural trade liberalization in developing countries are overstated. Public health interventions should target domestic causes behind overnutrition rather than trade policies and agreements.
Leader emotion regulation, leader‐member exchange (LMX), and followers’ task performance
Authors: Moin Muhammad Farrukh , Wei Feng , Weng Qingxiong (Derek) , Ahmad Bodla Ali 
Published: February 2021

Drawing on Social Exchange theory, we investigated the direct link between leaders’ emotion regulation strategies (i.e., surface acting and deep acting) and follower task performance. In addition, we investigated the indirect link between leaders’ emotion regulation strategies and follower task performance via leader‐member exchange (LMX). Using survey data (N = 301) from the banking industry, we found that leader surface acting only has an indirect negative relationship with follower task performance via LMX, while leader deep acting has both a direct and an indirect positive relationship with follower task performance. The result showed that leader emotion regulation strategies perform a key role in enhancing/damaging LMX and that leaders need to be vigilant regarding their own emotional behaviors. That is, they can develop positive relationships with their followers by employing deep acting but that surface acting damages their relationship with followers. Implications of this study, limitations, and future research are discussed.