bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Source of Inheritance Matter in Bequest Attitudes? Evidence from Japan
Authors: Zhou Mengyuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A better understanding of the reasons for bequests can be pivotal for fiscal policy and wealth inequality management, as the different motives underlying bequest behavior have varied implications. This study examines bloodline-based indirect reciprocity in bequest attitudes over three generations. In doing so, it extends the family tradition model to a bloodline-based family tradition model. This extended model suggests that the source of the inheritance impacts the amount of the bequest left to one’s children or spouse. To test the hypothesis, this study empirically analyzes survey data from the 2009 wave of the Preference Parameters Study for Japan. The results suggest that with some socioeconomic characteristics controlled for, those who have received an inheritance from their parents are more likely to intend to bequest as much as possible to their children, while Japanese females (males) who have received an inheritance from their spouse’s parents are more likely to intend to bequest as much as possible to both their children and their spouse (their spouse only). Hence, the source of the inheritance does matter in bequest attitudes, suggesting bloodline-based indirect reciprocity in bequest attitudes.
A Comprehensive Review on Thiophene Based Chemosensors
Authors: Fernandes Rikitha S. , Shetty Nitinkumar S. , Mahesha Priyanka , Gaonkar Santhosh L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe recognition and sensing of various analytes in aqueous and biological systems by using fluorometric or colorimetric chemosensors possessing high selectivity and sensitivity, low cost has gained enormous attention. Furthermore, thiophene derivatives possess exceptional photophysical properties compared to other heterocycles, and therefore they can be employed in chemosensors for analyte detection. In this review, we have tried to explore the design and detection mechanism of various thiophene-based probes, practical applicability, and their advanced models (design guides), which could be thoughtful for the synthesis of new thiophene-based probes. This review provides an insight into the reported chemosensors (2008-2020) for thiophene scaffold as effective emission and absorption-based chemosensors.
Socio-Demographics, Gambling Participation, Gambling Settings, and Addictive Behaviors Associated with Gambling Modes: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Lind Kalle , Marionneau Virve , Järvinen-Tassopoulos Johanna , Salonen Anne H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOnline and land-based gambling differ in terms of participation and harms. Multimode gambling has also been distinguished as a separate mode. The current study uses the Finnish Gambling 2019 population study sample of 18–74-year-old past-year gamblers (N = 3,077) to evaluate how these gambling modes differ in terms of socio-demographics, gambling participation, gambling settings, and addictive behaviors. We used land-based gambling as the reference group in a multinomial regression model. Male gender (OR 1.48), age between 18 and 54 (OR 1.88), and high income (OR 1.87) were associated with online gambling. The odds of online gambling were higher among those who gambled at least monthly (OR 1.34) and among those with the highest gambling spending (OR 3.62). Younger age (OR 2.31), high income (OR 1.51), gambling at least four game types (OR 2.96), spending the most money on gambling (OR 4.56), and gambling in at least three gambling settings were associated with multimode gambling. Socio-demographics and gambling participation were indicators of gambling modes. Online gambling was more intensive while multimode gambling was more frequent and versatile than land-based gambling. However, this was not reflected as increased addictive behaviors, probably due to the harmful nature of Finnish land-based gambling.
Ethnic Diversity and Students’ Social Adjustment in Dutch Classrooms
Authors: Munniksma Anke , Ziemes Johanna , Jugert Philipp 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch in the US indicates that classroom diversity is related to better social adjustment of students, but research on this association in European classrooms is limited in scope and yields inconsistent findings. This study examined how classroom ethnic diversity is related to social adjustment of societally dominant versus minoritized ethnic groups, and how an open classroom climate for discussion contributes to this. This was examined in low to moderately diverse Dutch classrooms (2703 secondary school students, from 119 classrooms and schools, Mage = 14, 50% female, 18% foreign-born parents). Results revealed that students from minoritized groups reported lower social adjustment. For all students, classroom ethnic diversity was related to worse social adjustment which was partly explained by classroom socioeconomic status (SES). An open classroom climate for discussion did not moderate the relation between diversity and social adjustment. The findings indicate that students’ social adjustment is worse in ethnically diverse and low-SES classrooms, and an open classroom climate for discussion does not solve this.
A nonlinear viscoelastic–viscoplastic constitutive model for adhesives under creep
Authors: Chen Yi , Smith Lloyd V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we consider the nonlinear viscoelastic–viscoplastic behavior of adhesive films in scarf joints. We develop a three-dimensional nonlinear model, which combines a nonlinear viscoelastic model with a viscoplastic model using the von Mises yield criterion and nonlinear kinematic hardening. We implement an iterative scheme for the viscoplastic solution and a numerical algorithm with stress correction for the combined viscoelastic–viscoplastic model into finite element analysis. The viscoelastic component of the model is calibrated using creep-recovery data from adhesive films in scarf joints. The viscoplastic parameters are calibrated from the residual strains of recovered creep tests with varying load durations. A two-dimensional form of the model shows good agreement with the three-dimensional model for the scarf joint considered in this work and is compared with experiment. The numerical results show favorable agreement with the experimental creep and recovery responses of two epoxy adhesive systems. We also discuss the contribution of nonlinear viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity to the stress/strain distribution along the adhesive center lines. Viscoplasticity tends to lower the stress concentration.
Die Guten ins Töpfchen … Auftrag einer forensischen Aufnahmestation (§ 64 StGB)?
Authors: Bezzel Adelheid 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der aktuellen Reformdebatte des § 64 StGB werden Vorschläge zu einer frühen Weichenstellung gemacht, im Sinne einer Selektion durch eine spezialisierte Aufnahmestation. Als Beispiel wird die Regensburger Klinik genannt. Eine Einschätzung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Projektes aus den Jahren 2002/2003 wird im Rahmen der Ergebnisqualitätserfassung MRV (Maßregelvollzug) vorgelegt und legt den Schluss nahe, dass diese Spezialisierung keinen Effekt auf die Qualität der Therapie bzw. des Therapieverlaufes einschließlich des Outcome (Entlassung und Einjahres-Follow-up) hat. Ein negatives Outcome haben 48 % (Entlassjahre 2001–2019) der über 1500 Patienten der Klinik (Entlassung gem. § 67d Abs. 2, 4, 6 StGB); sie müssen die Therapie vorzeitig verlassen. Einige Risikofaktoren lassen sich insbesondere aus dem kriminologischen Spektrum identifizieren, zudem auch soziodemografische Determinanten wie Alter und Bildung. Weniger problematisch sind die ersten Phasen in der Therapie, vielmehr stellen die Erprobungsphasen am Ende einen risikobehafteten Zeitraum dar: Wer diese erfolgreich besteht, hat große Chancen auf ein straftatfreies Leben (78 %).
A rapid prototyping approach for custom training of autologous ear reconstruction
Authors: Mussi Elisa , Servi Michaela , Facchini Flavio , Volpe Yary , Furferi Rocco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutologous ear reconstruction is the preferred treatment in case of partial or total absence of the patient external ear. This kind of surgery can be really challenging since precise replication of complex three-dimensional structure of the ear is crucial to provide the patients with aesthetically consistent reconstructed anatomy. Therefore, the results strongly depends on the “artistic skills” of the surgeon who is in charge to carry out a three-dimensional sculpture, which resembles the shape of a normal ear. In this context, the definition of a preoperative planning and simulation process based on the patient's specific anatomy may help the surgeon in speeding up the ear reconstruction process and, at the same time, to obtain better results, thus allowing a superior surgical outcome. In the present work the main required features for performing an effective simulation of the ear reconstruction are identified and a strategy for their interactive design and customization is devised with the perspective of a semi-automatization of the procedure. In detail, the paper provides a framework which start from the acquisition of 3D data from both a healthy ear of the patient (or, if not available e.g. due to bilateral microtia of the ear of one of his parents or from a template) and of costal cartilage. Acquired 3D data are properly processed to define the anatomical elements of the ear and to find, using nesting-based algorithms, the costal cartilage portions to be used for carving the ear itself. Finally, 3D printing is used to create a mockup of the ear elements and a prototype of the ear to be reconstructed is created. Validated on a test case, the devised procedure demonstrate its effectiveness.
The Implementation of Evidence-Based Obesity Education Curricula to Prevent Cancer in a Predominantly Mexican–American Community on the U.S.-Mexico Border
Authors: Valenzuela Roy , Morales Alma , Sheen Jon , Rangel Sylvia , Salinas Jennifer J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although cancer is the leading cause of death among Mexican-Americans, few community-based programs target obesity reduction as a way to reduce the prevalence of obesity-related cancer in underserved populations. Evidence suggests that obesity correlates with 13 types of cancer. The objective is to provide an overview of evaluation and selection of evidence-based content; details of the implementation process; modifications needed to tailor education programs to specific needs of different target audiences; and demonstrate challenges of implementing a community-based prevention program intended to reduce cancer incidence and mortality in Mexican-Americans. We used the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to develop a 10-topic menu of educational classes using elements of multiple evidence-based curricula. Outcome measures for physical activity and nutrition were determined using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ). Weight status was determined using weight, body fat, and body mass index (BMI). To date, 2845 adults received wellness education from our program. Multiple delivery models were used to reach a larger audience; they included a 4-week model, 5-week model, employer model, low-income housing, 1- and 2-h sessions, and clinic encounters. Individuals were given education at multiple community locations including senior centers (14%), churches (0.6%), employers (17.6%), low-income housing (8.2%), community centers (16.6%), clinics (11.5%), and schools (32.5%). Our study indicates that our delivery model is feasible and can disseminate evidence-based obesity education. Further investigation is necessary to assess long-term behavioral change and to assess the most effective model for delivery.
Intent inference in shared-control teleoperation system in consideration of user behavior
Authors: Wang Liangliang , Li Qiang , Lam James , Wang Zheng , Zhang Zhengyou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn shared-control teleoperation, rather than directly executing a user’s input, a robot system assists the user via part of autonomy to reduce user’s workload and improve efficiency. Effective assistance is challenging task as it requires correctly inferring the user intent, including predicting the user goal from all possible candidates as well as inferring the user preferred movement in the next step. In this paper, we present a probabilistic formulation for inferring the user intent by taking consideration of user behavior. In our approach, the user behavior is learned from demonstrations, which is then incorporated in goal prediction and path planning. Using maximum entropy principle, two goal prediction methods are tailored according to the similarity metrics between user’s short-term movements and the learned user behavior. We have validated the proposed approaches with a user study—examining the performance of our goal prediction methods in approaching tasks in multiple goals scenario. The results show that our approaches perform well in user goal prediction and are able to respond quickly to dynamic changing of the user’s goals. Comparison analysis shows that the proposed approaches outperform the existing methods especially in scenarios with goal ambiguity.
Learning From Consultations Conducted by Community Pharmacists in Northern Ireland for Nonprescription Sildenafil: A Qualitative Study Using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Gordijn Rineke , Teichert Martina , Nicolai Melianthe P.J. , Elzevier Henk W. , Guchelaar Henk-Jan , Hughes Carmel M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Nonprescription sildenafil was introduced to the United Kingdom in 2018 as the first pharmacy service concerning sexual function, an important but often ignored factor for quality of life.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate pharmacists’ views on providing nonprescription sildenafil, their perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to provide this service and strategies to overcome potential barriers, using a theory-based approach.

Methods
Community pharmacists were purposefully sampled in Northern Ireland, followed by snowball sampling. Face-to-face interviews were conducted between October 2019 and January 2020. The semi-structured interviews used a piloted topic guide based on the 14-domain Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and anonymized. Transcripts were analyzed deductively in NVivo 13, utilizing the TDF domains as coding categories. Within each domain, content analysis was utilized to identify barriers and facilitators.

Main Outcome Measure
Barriers and facilitators within the TDF domains for pharmacists to provide nonprescription sildenafil.

Results
Ten pharmacists were interviewed to reach data saturation. Eight pharmacists had experience with dispensing nonprescription sildenafil. They valued nonprescription sildenafil as an additional service (“Social/professional role and identity”). Training, concise product guidelines, and private consultation areas were important facilitators (“Environmental context and resources”). The service required trusting clients (“Optimism”), with concerns about abuse and men not visiting their GP. From experience gained, pharmacists became more confident dealing with difficult situations such as patients being vague about their medical history or alcoholism or mental problems as causes for erectile disfunction (ED) (“Skills” and “Beliefs about capabilities”). Pharmacists considered lifestyle and medication causes of ED important but preferred to focus on safe supply. In general, pharmacists were satisfied with the perceived professional recognition, using their clinical knowledge or helping patients resume sexual relationships (“Beliefs about consequences”).

Conclusion
Pharmacists welcomed nonprescription sildenafil to enhance their role as easily accessible healthcare providers for patients.
Description of Vaginal Laxity and Prolapse and Correlation With Sexual Function (DeVeLoPS)
Authors: Polland Allison , Duong Vi , Furuya Rachel , Fitzgerald Jocelyn J. , Wang Haijun , Iwamoto Aya , Bradley Sarah , Iglesia Cheryl B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Vaginal laxity (VL) is a sensation of vaginal looseness which may develop after pregnancy and vaginal delivery and may be affected by prior pelvic surgery, menopause and aging. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a disorder in which pelvic organs descend from the normal position. VL has attracted recent attention due to the advent of energy-based treatments for this symptom.

Aim
To determine the correlation between VL symptoms and physical exam findings of POP, specifically the introital measurement of genital hiatus.

Methods
This was a multi-center cross-sectional study of sexually active women over 18 years of age with a parity of one or greater. Subjects completed the Vaginal Laxity Questionnaire (VLQ), the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and were asked if a sexual partner had commented on laxity. Subjects underwent pelvic exam, including the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q).

Main Outcomes Measures
Correlation between VL symptoms as measured by the VLQ and POP as measured by elements of the POP-Q.

Results
A total of 95 subjects with an average age was 54.3 ± 13.18 years were included. Sixty-three percent of patients were postmenopausal. The average VLQ score was 4.2 ± 1.35 and the average FSFI score was 23.42 out of 36. There was no significant correlation between VLQ score and POP or mid-vaginal caliber. Sensation of vaginal tightness was significantly associated with age (P=0.03) and menopausal status (P=0.04). Only 28% of partners commented on laxity and the majority commented on the vagina being tight (21%) rather than loose (7%).

Conclusion
VL was not correlated with physical exam findings quantifying POP or sexual function. This study emphasizes the need to develop a more standardized definition of VL and a better assessment tool for VL symptoms.
Half‐Century History of Crop Nitrogen Budget in the Conterminous United States: Variations Over Time, Space and Crop Types
Authors: Zhang Jien , Cao Peiyu , Lu Chaoqun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpatiotemporal patterns of crop nitrogen (N) budget have important implications for agricultural N management and environmental policy. Previous studies examined crop N budget in different countries but often overlooked cross‐crop differences at sub‐national scales. In this study, we synthesize multiple databases to examine the N budget of eight major crops in the United States at the county scale during 1970–2019. Our analyses show that national crop N use efficiency (NUE) increased from 0.55 kg N kg−1 N in the 1970s to 0.65 kg N kg−1 N in the 2010s. Four out of eight crops such as corn, rice, cotton, and sorghum demonstrated an increasing NUE trend during the study period, whereas the other crops overall presented a declining NUE trend. Nationwide, about 41% of the total N input was not used by these crops (i.e., N surplus) over the study period, of which temporal variation was mainly driven by corn due to its large planting area and high N input. The national N surplus first increased in the 1970s and remained relatively stable till the 2000s. Since the early 2010s, however, N surplus began to decline and approached the levels in the early 1970s—an encouraging development that may lead to decreased N pollution to the environment. The hotspots of national N surplus coincided with corn‐ and rice‐producing counties. The sub‐national variations and temporal dynamics in crop N budget revealed in this study highlight the urgent need to understand the farm‐level crop N balance and the dominant factors controlling crop NUE for mitigating N pollution.
Scaling Deep Decarbonization Technologies
Authors: Holmes K. J. , Zeitler E. , Kerxhalli‐Kleinfield M. , DeBoer R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe 2020s represent an unprecedented time to address climate change in the United States given the opportunities provided by its large renewable resource base and decreasing technology costs, and the threat to humans and ecosystems due to rapidly emerging climate impacts. This study addresses technical, societal, and policy issues for scaling deep decarbonization technologies, describing and extending the analysis presented at a National Academy of Sciences workshop convening modeling, industry, and other experts. Prominent modeling studies estimate that solar and wind electricity generation technologies must be deployed at more than four times their current highest annual rates, and solutions are needed for low‐carbon firm generation and energy storage. These studies also show electric vehicle sales needing to increase from 300,000 vehicles per year to annual sales in the tens of millions. Scaling these technologies poses substantive challenges. Other more difficult emissions reductions will need to come from decarbonizing corporate value chains and the heavy industry sector. Negative emissions technologies will compete as mitigation options but scaling these pose substantial resource requirements. Further, decarbonization is not simply an issue of technologies. Reaching net‐zero emissions is a transformation of society occurring over decades, not years. The societal aspects of decarbonization involves developing a social compact around the need to decarbonize and benefits that will accrue. Policy elements encompass federal, sub‐national, economic, and regulatory approaches. Because technologies, political priorities, and societal opinions will change over this time, consensus‐building scientific institutions including the National Academies will enable the independent technical and policy advice needed.
Wetlands of North Africa During the Mid‐Holocene Were at Least Five Times the Area Today
Authors: Chen Weizhe , Ciais Philippe , Qiu Chunjing , Ducharne Agnès , Zhu Dan , Peng Shushi , Braconnot Pascale , Huang Chunju 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Sahara was significantly wetter and greener than today during the mid‐Holocene (∼6,000 years before present), and those conditions were likely maintained by feedbacks from evaporating wetlands and riparian zones. A lack of spatially continuous wetland reconstruction is the major obstacle to investigating their impacts on climate and vegetation during that epoch. Here, we estimate high‐resolution gridded wetland distribution up to 15″ in the mid‐Holocene North Africa obtained with three statistical and hydrological modeling approaches forced by enhanced and calibrated precipitation from climate models. These wetland models have good performance for present‐day conditions and reproduce mid‐Holocene hydrological elements evaluated by 297 paleo‐records. Simulation results show that 18.9 ± 4.0% of land surface in North Africa was covered by wetlands during the mid‐Holocene. Our results highlight the impact of natural climate change on wetland areas and provide a data set for modeling studies to include wetland feedbacks.