bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacovigilance network as an additional tool for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Habarugira Jean Marie Vianney , Figueras Albert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring (PIDM) is a large Pharmacovigilance network of countries sharing Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reports. Pharmacovigilance Experts have suggested that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an overlooked adverse event. We undertook this study to investigate the potential role of Pharmacovigilance databases in the surveillance of AMR.MethodsUsing the AWaRe (Access, Watch and Reserve) list and the WHO Priority Pathogens List, we established a list of antimicrobials and carried out a VigiBase search via VigiAccess, looking for ADR reports with Preferred Terms (PTs) that contained AMR‐relevant information. Identified Terms were matched with codes from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA Version 21.1).ResultsRecords on 86 drugs were retrieved with a total of 1 170 751 ADR reports submitted between 1968 and 2018. Seventeen PTs suggesting suspected resistance, ineffectiveness, inappropriate use, or medication error were used to code 15 250 reports. The most frequently used PTs were “Drug Ineffective” (45.6%), “Off label use” (9.5%) and “Pathogen Resistance” (8.9%). A group of six agents (Amoxicillin, Cefalotin, Ciprofloxacin, Clarithromycin, Levofloxacin and Daptomycin) accounted for 38% (n = 5806) of all 15 250 AMR‐relevant ADR reports. The PTs most frequently used in 5806 reports were grouped in 4 categories: drug ineffectiveness (62.5%), resistance (19.2%), off‐label use (12.1%) and prescription errors (6.2%).ConclusionOur findings suggest that Pharmacovigilance databases could serve as a tool in tracking antimicrobial use and resistance especially in settings where laboratory capacity is still in its development stages. National Pharmacovigilance centers could play a proactive role in stimulating the reporting of AMR‐relevant ADRs which can serve as a basis for resistance suspicion alerts. Further studies focusing on the narrative and other clinical pharmacology details in ADR reports are required.
A third hierarchical level of narrower traits for the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology‐Basic Questionnaire
Authors: Gutiérrez Fernando , Vicente Enrique , Aluja Anton , Peri Josep M. , Gutiérrez‐Zotes Alfonso , Baillés Eva , Edo Villamón Silvia , Ruipérez Rodríguez María Ángeles , Meliá de Alba Amanda , Vall Gemma , Gallardo‐Pujol David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCurrent dimensional taxonomies of personality disorder show a stronger empirical grounding than categories, but may lack the necessary level of detail to make accurate predictions and case formulations. We need to further develop the lower levels of the hierarchy until reaching the building blocks of personality pathology. The Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology‐Basic Questionnaire (DAPP‐BQ) is well‐suited to this purpose due to its multilayered structure and its agreement with the official dimensional classifications. We disaggregated the 18 DAPP‐BQ mid‐level facets through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 3233 community subjects and outpatients. We obtained a set of 72 clinically relevant, narrower subfacets, which were reliable, well‐fitted to the data, and invariant between clinical and community subjects and between the sexes. This third level of abstraction increases by 4.7% the capacity to predict DSM categorical personality disorders, gives a particular advantage in capturing dependent, histrionic, paranoid, obsessive, and schizoid features and can provide the detailed information that clinical decisions demand.
Efficacy and residual activity of commercially available entomopathogenic nematode strains for Mediterranean fruit fly control and their ability to infect infested fruits
Authors: Kapranas Apostolos , Chronopoulou Anna , Lytra Ioanna C , Peters Arne , Milonas Panagiotis G , Papachristos Dimitrios P 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) show potential in controlling larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly)Ceratitis capitate, but previous studies mainly concern species and strains that are not commercially available. The use of EPN for control of Mediterranean fruit fly is further hampered by the cost of using nematodes. In this study, the efficacy and residual activity of commercial strains of three EPN species,Steinernema carpοcapsae,S. feltiaeandHeterοrhabditis bacteriοphοramedfly)C. capitata, in the soil substrate and inside fruits were evaluated.RESULTSSuspensions of these species were applied at a dose of 1.5 mi m−2on a soil substrate wherein medfly larvae were added sequentially for a period of 4 weeks post application at 20 °C.S. feltiaeprovided the highest suppression up to 50% as assessed by adult medfly emergence because it had the highest immediate activity and long residual activity. Furthermore,S. feltiae, and to a lesser degreeS. carpocapsae, were able to move and infect medfly larvae inside infested apples and oranges left in the surface of the substrate wherein EPN were applied, reducing significantly adult medfly emergence (60–78%).CONCLUSIONThese results support the efficacy and feasibility of applying a single, relatively low dose ofS. feltiaein autumn, off‐season, targeting overwintering medfly larvae with the scope of reducing the number of adult medflies emerging later in the new season.
Periodic Micropillar‐Patterned FTO/BiVO4 with Superior Light Absorption and Separation Efficiency for Efficient PEC Performance
Authors: Ju Sucheol , Kang Hojung , Jun Junho , Son Soomin , Park Jaemin , Kim Wonjoong , Lee Heon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, a high‐performance photoanode based on 3D periodic, micropillar‐structured fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO‐MP) deposited with BiVO4 is fabricated using the patterned FTO by direct printing and spray pyrolysis, followed by the deposition of BiVO4 by sputtering and V ion heat‐treatment on the patterned FTO. The FTO‐MP enables light scattering owing to its 3D periodic structure and increases the light absorption efficiency. In addition, the high electron mobility of FTO and enlarged surface area of FTO‐MP enhance the separation efficiency. Due to the combination of these enhancing strategies, the photocurrent density of micropillar‐patterned BiVO4 at 1.23 VRHE reached 2.97 mA cm−2, which is 67.8% higher than that of flat BiVO4. The results suggest that the efficiency can increase significantly using the patterned FTO fabricated by an inexpensive and simple process (i.e., direct printing and spray pyrolysis), thereby indicating a new strategy for the enhancement of efficiency in various energy fields.
Fabrication of an Au25‐Cys‐Mo Electrocatalyst for Efficient Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Tan Yuan , Yan Lei , Huang Chuanqi , Zhang Wenna , Qi Haifeng , Kang Leilei , Pan Xiaoli , Zhong Yijun , Hu Yong , Ding Yunjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectrocatalysts for efficient production of ammonia from nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions are attracted growing interest in recent years, which demonstrate a great potential to replace the Haber–Bosch method which suffers the problems of the huge energy consumption and massive CO2 production. In this work, a novel electrocatalyst of Au25‐Cys‐M is fabricated for NRR under ambient conditions, with transition metal ions (e.g., Mo6+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+) atomically decorated on Au25 nanoclusters via thiol bridging. The Au25‐Cys‐Mo catalyst exhibits the highest Faradaic efficiency (26.5%) and NH3 yield (34.5 µg h−1 mgcat−1) in 0.1 m HCl solution. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and high angle annular dark field image‐scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization reveal that the electronic structure of Mo is optimized by forming the structure of Au‐S‐Mo and Mo acts as active sites for activating the nitrogen to promote the electrochemical production of ammonia. This work provides a new insight into the precise fabrication of efficient NRR electrocatalysts.
Synthesis of High‐Performance Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide at Low Temperature
Authors: Park Ji‐Hoon , Lu Ang‐Yu , Shen Pin‐Chun , Shin Bong Gyu , Wang Haozhe , Mao Nannan , Xu Renjing , Jung Soon Jung , Ham Donhee , Kern Klaus , Han Yimo , Kong Jing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe large‐area synthesis of high‐quality MoS2 plays an important role in realizing industrial applications of optoelectronics, nanoelectronics, and flexible devices. However, current techniques for chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐grown MoS2 require a high synthetic temperature and a transfer process, which limits its utilization in device fabrications. Here, the direct synthesis of high‐quality monolayer MoS2 with the domain size up to 120 µm by metal‐organic CVD (MOCVD) at a temperature of 320 °C is reported. Owing to the low‐substrate temperature, the MOCVD‐grown MoS2 exhibits low impurity doping and nearly unstrained properties on the growth substrate, demonstrating enhanced electronic performance with high electron mobility of 68.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. In addition, by tuning the precursor ratio, a better understanding of the MoS2 growth process via a geometric model of the MoS2 flake shape, is developed, which can provide further guidance for the synthesis of 2D materials.
Mechanisms of Progression and Heterogeneity in Multiple Nodules of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: He Yayi , Liu Xiaogang , Wang Hao , Wu Liang , Jiang Minlin , Guo Haoyue , Zhu Junjie , Wu Shengyu , Sun Hui , Chen Shanhao , Zhu Yuming , Zhou Caicun , Yang Yang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is thought to be caused by precursor lesions of atypical adenoma‐like hyperplasia and may have extensive in situ growth before infiltration. To explore the relevant factors in heterogeneity and evolution of lung adenocarcinoma subtypes, the authors perform single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on tumor and normal tissue from five multiple nodules’ LUAD patients and conduct a thorough gene expression profiling of cancer cells and cells in their microenvironment at single‐cell level. This study gives a deep understanding of heterogeneity and evolution in early glandular neoplasia of the lung. This dataset leads to discovery of the changes in the immune microenvironment during the development of LUAD, and the development process from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) to invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). This work sheds light on the direction of early tumor development and whether they are homologous.
Examination of Teacher Practices on Student Motivation for Reading
Authors: Brandt Lorilynn , Sharp Ann C. , Gardner Douglas S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTeachers who are successful at teaching both the skill and the love of reading provide a foundation for lifetime reading. All too often, building motivation for reading is neglected in reading instruction and classrooms. Nine teachers were trained in seven motivational principles and then invited to make an implementation plan using as many of the motivational principles as they desired. Initially, teachers selected only a few of the principles; however, observation showed teachers adding more of the elements as they witnessed increased enthusiasm among their students. Students demonstrated increased excitement and pleasure for reading by choosing to read more at school and home, asking for opportunities to share what they were reading, and using their free time to read. Teachers reported a renewed enjoyment in teaching reading.
Contextualizing social class and leadership in fraternity and sorority communities
Authors: Bureau Daniel A. , Sasso Pietro A. , Barber James P. , De Freitas Kimberlee Monteaux , Ray Darrell C. , Ryan Helen Grace 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines leadership and social class in the context of fraternities and sororities. With no extensive research in this area, recommendations provided may help educators create a plan to address the intersection of social class, leadership education, and membership in a fraternity or sorority.
Bifunctional Sr(II)‐terephthalate compound: gas adsorption and luminescence sensing properties
Authors: Guo Dong , Liang Chih‐Ming , Chiu Kuohsun , Wang Wei‐Kuang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new thermostable Sr(II) compound, formulated as [Sr(bdc)(H2O)(DMF)]n ⋅ x(solvent) (1, H2bdc=terephthalic acid, DMF=N,N’‐dimethylformamide), has been synthesized from the solvothermal reaction of Sr(NO3)2 and H2bdc. The X‐ray structural analysis revealed that compound 1 features a 3D framework based on 1D Sr(II)‐carboxylate chains, and the coordinated and free solvent molecules filled in the 1D channels of 1, which can be easily removed from the 3D framework via heat treatment activation. The obtained solvent‐free samples 1 a not only shows high adsorption capacities of C2H2 and CO2 at 298 K, moderate adsorption selectivity for C2H2/CH4, CO2/CH4, but also can be used as a luminescent probe for the detection of nitroaromatic explosives.
COVID-19 und seine Umwelt: Von einer Geschichte der Humanmedizin zu einer ökologischen Medizingeschichte?
Authors: Diener Leander 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag ist Teil des Forums COVID-19: Perspektiven in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften. Medizingeschichte wird gegenwärtig mit wenigen Ausnahmen als Geschichte der Humanmedizin geschrieben. COVID-19 und andere zoonotische Infektionskrankheiten legen allerdings nahe, Medizingeschichte grundsätzlich ökologischer zu denken und nicht-menschliche Akteur*innen sowie verschiedene „Umwelten“ miteinzubeziehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert mögliche Ansätze für eine ökologische Medizingeschichte, die der Überlagerung mehrerer Krisen gerecht wird und aktuelle Dringlichkeiten aufgreift.
Multi-trajectory group profiles of well-being and associated predictors among adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness: findings from the At Home/Chez Soi study, Toronto site
Authors: Mejia-Lancheros Cilia , Lachaud James , Aubry Tim , Wiens Kathryn , O’Campo Patricia , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Hwang Stephen W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To conduct a multi-dimensional and time-patterned analysis to identify distinct well-being trajectory profiles over a 6-year follow-up period among adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness.

Methods
Data from 543 participants of the At Home Chez Soi study’s Toronto site were examined over a 6-year follow-up period, including measures of quality of life, community functioning, housing stability, and substance use. Well-being trajectories were identified using Group-Based Trajectory Modelling. Multinomial regression was used to identify predictor variables that were associated with each well-being trajectory profile.

Results
Four well-being profiles were identified: low well-being, moderate well-being, good well-being, and high well-being. Factors associated with a greater likelihood of following a better well-being profile included receiving Housing First, reporting female gender and non-white ethnicity, having post-secondary studies, and reporting a high resilience level. Concurrently, factors associated with a lower likelihood of better well-being profiles were having a history of chronic homelessness, experiences of discrimination in the healthcare setting, having comorbid mental disorders and a high level of symptom severity, and reporting a history of traumatic brain injury and childhood adversity.

Conclusions
Individuals experiencing homelessness follow distinct well-being profiles associated with their socio-demographic characteristics, health status, trauma history, resilience capabilities, and access to housing and support services. This work can inform integrated housing and support services to enhance the well-being trajectories of individuals experiencing homelessness.

Trial registration
At Home/Chez Soi trial was registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN42520374, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN42520374.
The effect of body mass index on the outcomes of cementless medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee replacements
Authors: Mohammad Hasan Raza , Mellon Stephen , Judge Andrew , Dodd Christopher , Murray David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Given an increasingly overweight population, unicompartmental knee replacements (UKRs) are being performed in patients with higher body mass indices (BMIs). There are concerns that cemented fixation will not last. Cementless fixation may offer a solution, but the long term results in different BMI groups has not been assessed. We studied the effect of BMI on the outcomes of cementless UKRs.

Methods
A prospective cohort of 1000 medial cementless mobile-bearing UKR with a mean follow up of 6.6 years (SD 2.7) were analysed. UKRs were categorised into four BMI groups: (1) ≥ 18.5 to < 25 kg/m2 (normal), (2) 25 to < 30 kg/m2 (overweight), (3) 30 to < 35 kg/m2 (obese class 1) and (4) ≥ 35 kg/m2 (obese class 2). Implant survival was assessed using endpoints reoperation and revision. Functional outcomes were assessed.

Results
Ten-year cumulative revision rate for the normal (n = 186), overweight (n = 434), obese class 1 (n = 213) and obese class 2 (n = 127) groups were 1.8% (CI 0.4–7.4), 2.6% (CI 1.3–5.1), 3.8% (CI 1.5–9.2) and 1.7% (CI 0.4–6.8) with no significant differences between groups (p = 0.79). The 10-year cumulative reoperation rates were 2.7% (CI 0.8–8.2), 3.8% (CI 2.2–6.6), 5.2% (CI 2.5–10.7) and 1.7% (CI 0.4–6.8) with no significant differences between groups (p = 0.44). The 10-year median Oxford Knee Score were 43.0, 46.0, 44.0 and 38.0 respectively.

Conclusion
Cementless mobile-bearing UKR has low 10-year reoperation and revision rates across in all BMI groups, and there are no significant differences between the groups. Although higher BMI groups had slightly worse functional outcomes, the improvement in function compared to preoperatively tended to be better. This study suggests that BMI should not be considered a contraindication for the cementless mobile-bearing UKR.
The number of failed components in a coherent working system when the lifetimes are discretely distributed
Authors: Jasiński Krzysztof 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the number of failed components of a coherent system. We consider the case when the component lifetimes are discrete random variables that may be dependent and non-identically distributed. Firstly, we compute the probability that there are exactly i, $$i=0,\ldots ,n-k,$$

i
=
0
,
…
,
n
-
k
,

failures in a k-out-of-n system under the condition that it is operating at time t. Next, we extend this result to other coherent systems. In addition, we show that, in the most popular model of independent and identically distributed component lifetimes, the obtained probability corresponds to the respective one derived in the continuous case and existing in the literature.
Hypoplastic Left Heart: Stage-I Will be Performed Interventionally, Soon
Authors: Schranz Dietmar , Esmaeili Anoosh , Akintuerk Hakan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe hypoplasia of left-sided heart structures shows great variability and complexity. What the many variants have in common is that their heart structures are neither fully developed before nor after birth. Fetuses and newborns require an individual therapy depending on anatomy and function of the heart. Fetal interventions focus on improving left heart structures by catheter-based interventions and maternal hyperoxygenation which promotes growth as the left ventricular preload and blood flow within the cavity increase. Stage-I management of newborns with single ventricle physiology is usually based on the Norwood/Sano surgery or the Hybrid approach. Two more steps are required to ultimately achieve a Fontan circulation. Some centers also use the Hybrid approach for subsequent Norwood operation beyond the neonatal period. After the Hybrid approach, a comprehensive stage-II or corrective surgery is performed, the latter if a bi-ventricular circulation is possible. With progressively improved catheter-based interventions, particularly ductal stenting and manipulations of the atrial septum, the next advance is to develop a bespoke flow restrictor that can be easily inserted into the branches of the pulmonary artery. The main goal is to avoid complex heart operations under general anesthesia, followed by substantial intensive care in the neonatal period, especially for patients with complex heart defects. Based on the current state of the art of surgical treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and variants with the Norwood surgery or the Hybrid approach, our main focus is on an alternative percutaneous transcatheter technique in the sense of a completely non-surgical stage-I approach.
The triangular fibrocartilage complex on high-resolution 3 T MRI in healthy adolescents: the thin line between asymptomatic findings and pathology
Authors: van der Post Anne-Sophie , Jens Sjoerd , Smithuis Frank F. , Obdeijn Miryam C. , Oostra Roelof-Jan , Maas Mario 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
The objective of the study is to provide a reference for morphology, homogeneity, and signal intensity of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) and TFCC-related MRI features in adolescents.

Materials and methods
Prospectively collected data on asymptomatic participants aged 12–18 years, between June 2015 and November 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. A radiograph was performed in all participants to determine skeletal age and ulnar variance. A 3-T MRI followed to assess TFCC components and TFCC-related features. A standardized scoring form, based on MRI definitions used in literature on adults, was used for individual assessment of all participants by four observers. Results per item were expressed as frequencies (percentages) of observations by all observers for all participants combined (n = 92). Inter-observer agreement was determined by the unweighted Fleiss’ kappa with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results
The cohort consisted of 23 asymptomatic adolescents (12 girls and 11 boys). Median age was 13.5 years (range 12.0–17.0). Median ulnar variance was −0.7 mm (range − 2.7–1.4). Median triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) thickness was 1.4 mm (range 0.1–2.9). Diffuse increased TFC signal intensity not reaching the articular surface was observed in 30 (33%) observations and a vertical linear increased signal intensity with TFC discontinuation in 19 (20%) observations. Discontinuation between the volar radioulnar ligament and the TFC in the sagittal plane was seen in 23 (25%) observations. The extensor carpi ulnaris was completely dislocated in 10 (11%) observations, more frequent in supinated wrists (p = 0.031). Inter-observer agreement ranged from poor to fair for scoring items on the individual TFCC components.

Conclusion
MRI findings, whether normal variation or asymptomatic abnormality, can be observed in TFCC and TFCC-related features of asymptomatic adolescents. The rather low inter-observer agreement underscores the challenges in interpreting these small structures on MRI. This should be taken into consideration when interpreting clinical MRIs and deciding upon arthroscopy.