bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einschätzungen zum elektronischen Rezept – eine
Querschnittstudie unter Apothekern in Deutschland
Authors: Strumann Christoph , Möller Birger , Steinhäuser Jost 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Mit dem Modellprojekt GERDA („Geschützter
e-Rezept-Dienst der Apotheken“) wurde von der Landesapothekerkammer
(LAK) und dem Landesapothekerverband (LAV) in Baden-Württemberg die
Möglichkeit geschaffen, Rezepte im Rahmen von Online-Sprechstunden
über das von der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung
Baden-Württemberg betriebene telemedizinische Portal
„docdirekt“, zu verordnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund war das Ziel
der Studie, Barrieren und fördernde Faktoren aufseiten der Apotheken
für die Beteiligung an einer Versorgung, die eine elektronische
Verordnung von Rezepten beinhaltet, zu explorieren und zu priorisieren. Auf
Basis dieser Determinanten wurden Empfehlungen zur Optimierung einer
erfolgreichen Implementierung ähnlicher Versorgungsangebote
abgeleitet.
Methode Es wurde ein Mixed-Methods-Design gewählt, um die
Determinanten zu explorieren und zu priorisieren. Im ersten Schritt wurden
Determinanten für die Beteiligung an einem System, welches die
elektronische Verordnung von Rezepten ermöglicht mithilfe von
Einzelinterviews mit an docdirekt beteiligten Teleärzten,
niedergelassenen Hausärzten und Apothekern exploriert.
Anschließend wurden diese Determinanten in einem zweiten Schritt durch
eine quantitative Befragung von Apothekern priorisiert.
Ergebnisse Von den 523 an der Umfrage teilgenommenen Apothekern war mehr
als die Hälfte bereit sich an einem E-Rezept-System zu beteiligen,
8,5% schließen eine zukünftige Beteiligung aus.
Insgesamt konnten 18 Determinanten für die Beteiligung an einem System,
welches die elektronische Verordnung von Rezepten ermöglicht, exploriert
werden. Der Schutz der freien Apothekenwahl wurde als wichtigster Aspekt
für eine Beteiligung identifiziert. Gefolgt von der Möglichkeit
einer Korrekturfunktion bei E-Rezepten (um z. B. Retaxierungen oder
Medikationsfehlern zu vermeiden), der Integration des E-Rezepts in die
bestehende Apotheken-EDV sowie dem gesetzlichen Ausschluss von direkten
Verträgen mit Versandapotheken. Zeitersparnisse und eine ggf.
höhere Vergütung wurden dagegen als weniger relevant
bewertet.
Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt gab über die Hälfte der
befragten Apotheken an, sich an einem E-Rezept-System beteiligen zu wollen.
Für die ab Januar 2022 geplante flächendeckende
Einführung von E-Rezepte kann der Einbezug der identifizierten
fördernden Faktoren vonseiten der Politik, Softwareentwickler und
Verbände eine wichtige Rolle bei der Implementierung spielen.
Recent Advances in Dimeric Cycloparaphenylenes as Nanotube Fragments
Authors: Sun Zhe , Li Ke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the discovery of cycloparaphenylenes in 2008, the chemical synthesis of more-complicated molecular systems with curved π-surfaces has been vigorously sought, giving rise to a plethora of new exciting molecules with various topologies and functions. This Synpacts article briefly summarizes recent examples of carbon nanohoop dimers, highlighting three examples as nanotube fragments. Their synthesis, isomerization, photophysical properties, and host–guest chemistry are discussed.1	Introduction2	Synthetic Strategy toward Nanotube Dimers3	Isomerization Dynamics of Nanotube Dimers4	Photophysical Properties of Nanotube Dimers5	Host–Guest Chemistry of Nanotube Dimers6	Conclusions
The Role of Exosomes in the Treatment, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Pathogenesis of COVID-19
Authors: Zani-Ruttenstock Elke , Antounians Lina , Khalaj Kasra , Figueira Rebeca L. , Zani Augusto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to be a major health concern. In search for novel treatment strategies against COVID-19, exosomes have attracted the attention of scientists and pharmaceutical companies worldwide. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles, secreted by all types of cells, and considered as key mediators of intercellular communication and stem-cell paracrine signaling. Herein, we reviewed the most recent literature about the role of exosomes as potential agents for treatment, prevention, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Several studies and ongoing clinical trials have been investigating the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and reparative effects of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for COVID-19-related acute lung injury. Other studies reported that exosomes play a key role in convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19, and that they could be of use for the treatment of COVID-19 Kawasaki's-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome and as drug delivery nanocarriers for antiviral therapy. Harnessing some advantageous aspects of exosome biology, such as their endogenous origin, capability of crossing biological barriers, high stability in circulation, and low toxicity and immunogenicity, several companies have been testing exosome-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. As they carry cargos that mimic the status of parent cells, exosomes can be isolated from a variety of sources, including plasma, and employed as biomarkers of COVID-19. Lastly, there is growing evidence supporting the role of exosomes in COVID-19 infection, spread, reactivation, and reinfection. The lessons learned using exosomes for COVID-19 will help determine their efficacy and applicability in other clinical conditions.
Impact of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence, Presentation, and Management of Pediatric Appendicitis: Lessons Learned from the First Wave
Authors: Saalabian Kerstin , Rolle Udo , Friedmacher Florian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe fast-evolving nature of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to unprecedented clinical, logistical, and socioeconomical challenges for health-care systems worldwide. While several studies have analyzed the impact on the presentation and management of acute appendicitis (AA) in the adult population, there is a relative paucity of similar research in pediatric patients with AA. To date, there is some evidence that the incidence of simple AA in children may have decreased during the first lockdown period in spring 2020, whereas the number of complicated AA cases remained unchanged or increased slightly. Despite a worrying trend toward delayed presentation, most pediatric patients with AA were treated expediently during this time with comparable outcomes to previous years. Hospitals must consider their individual capacity and medical resources when choosing between operative and non-operative management of children with AA. Testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 is imperative in all pediatric patients presenting with fever and acute abdominal pain with diarrhea or vomiting, to differentiate between multisystem inflammatory syndrome and AA, thus avoiding unnecessary surgery. During the further extension of the COVID-19 crisis, parents should be encouraged to seek medical care with their children early in order that the appropriate treatment for AA can be undertaken in a timely fashion.
Optimizing Clinical Monitoring Tools to Enhance Patient Review by Pharmacists
Authors: Schreier Diana J. , Lovely Jenna K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground The Clinical Monitoring List (CML) is a real-time scoring system and intervention tool used by Mayo Clinic pharmacists caring for hospitalized patients.Objective The study aimed to describe the iterative development and implementation of pharmacist clinical monitoring tools within the electronic health record at a multicampus health system enterprise.Methods Between October 2018 and January 2019, pharmacists across the enterprise were surveyed to determine opportunities and gaps in CML functionality. Responses were received from 39% (n = 162) of actively staffing inpatient pharmacists. Survey responses identified three main gaps in CML functionality: (1) the desire for automated checklists of tasks, (2) additional rule logic closely aligning with clinical practice guidelines, and (3) the ability to dismiss and defer rules. The failure mode and effect analysis were used to assess risk areas within the CML. To address identified gaps, two A/B testing pilots were undertaken. The first pilot analyzed the effect of updated CML rule logic on pharmacist satisfaction in the domains of automated checklists and guideline alignment. The second pilot assessed the utility of a Clinical Monitoring Navigator (CMN) functioning in conjunction with the CML to display rules with selections to dismiss or defer rules until a user-specified date. The CMN is a workspace to guide clinical end user workflows; permitting the review and actions to be completed within one screen using EHR functionality.Results A total of 27 pharmacists across a broad range of practice specialties were selected for two separate two-week pilot tests. Upon pilot completion, participants were surveyed to assess the effect of updates on performance gaps.Conclusion Findings from the enterprise-wide survey and A/B pilot tests were used to inform final build decisions and planned enterprise-wide updated CML and CMN launch. This project serves as an example of the utility of end-user feedback and pilot testing to inform project decisions, optimize usability, and streamline build activities.
Imaging pyrometry for most color cameras using a triple pass filter
Authors: McNesby Kevin , Dean Steven , Benjamin Richard , Grant Jesse , Anderson James , Densmore John 
Published: June 2021

A simple combination of the Planck blackbody emission law, optical filters, and digital image processing is demonstrated to enable most commercial color cameras (still and video) to be used as an imaging pyrometer for flames and explosions. The hardware and data processing described take advantage of the color filter array (CFA) that is deposited on the surface of the light sensor array present in most digital color cameras. In this work, a triple-pass optical filter incorporated into the camera lens allows light in three 10-nm wide bandpass regions to reach the CFA/light sensor array. These bandpass regions are centered over the maxima in the blue, green, and red transmission regions of the CFA, minimizing the spectral overlap of these regions normally present. A computer algorithm is used to retrieve the blue, green, and red image matrices from camera memory and correct for remaining spectral overlap. A second algorithm calibrates the corrected intensities to a gray body emitter of known temperature, producing a color intensity correction factor for the camera/filter system. The Wien approximation to the Planck blackbody emission law is used to construct temperature images from the three color (blue, green, red) matrices. A short pass filter set eliminates light of wavelengths longer than 750 nm, providing reasonable accuracy (±10%) for temperatures between 1200 and 6000 K. The effectiveness of this system is demonstrated by measuring the temperature of several systems for which the temperature is known.
Designing high-power, octave spanning entangled photon sources for quantum spectroscopy
Authors: Szoke S. , He M. , Hickam B. P. , Cushing S. K. 
Published: June 2021

Entangled photon spectroscopy is a nascent field that has important implications for measurement and imaging across chemical, biology, and materials fields. Entangled photon spectroscopy potentially offers improved spatial and temporal-frequency resolutions, increased cross sections for multiphoton and nonlinear measurements, and new abilities in inducing or measuring quantum correlations. A critical step in enabling entangled photon spectroscopies is the creation of high-flux entangled sources that can use conventional detectors as well as provide redundancy for the losses in realistic samples. Here, we report a periodically poled, chirped, lithium tantalate platform that generates entangled photon pairs with ∼10−7 efficiency. For a near watt level diode laser, this results in a near μW-level flux. The single photon per mode limit that is necessary to maintain non-classical photon behavior is still satisfied by distributing this power over up to an octave-spanning bandwidth. The spectral–temporal photon correlations are observed via a Michelson-type interferometer that measures the broadband Hong–Ou–Mandel two-photon interference. A coherence time of 245 fs for a 10 nm bandwidth in the collinear case and a coherence time of 62 fs for a 125 nm bandwidth in the non-collinear case are measured using a CW pump laser and, essentially, collecting the full photon cone. We outline in detail the numerical methods used for designing and tailoring the entangled photons source, such as changing center wavelength or bandwidth, with the ultimate aim of increasing the availability of high-flux UV–Vis entangled photon sources in the optical spectroscopy community.
Crystal structure engineering in multimetallic high-index facet nanocatalysts
Authors: Shen Bo , Huang Liliang , Shen Jiahong , He Kun , Zheng Cindy Y. , Dravid Vinayak P. , Wolverton Chris , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceCrystal structure engineering in nanoparticles represents an important strategy in catalyst design, as catalytic performance is highly dependent on atomic arrangement. However, realizing crystal structure engineering in high-index facet nanocatalysts has been a synthetic challenge for decades. Here, we first employed density functional theory calculations to determine whether surface modifications can stabilize high-index facets during crystal structure transformations and then synthesized a library of multimetallic high-index facet tetrahexahedral (THH) nanoparticles with controllable crystal structures. Importantly, the crystal structural transition between the intermetallic and chemically disordered states is reversable, and the THH morphology of nanocatalysts is maintained during this transformation. This approach broadens the synthetic scope of nanocatalysts available for use in diverse chemical processes.
Small stories in short interactions
Authors: Koester Almut 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study investigates story-telling in naturally-occurring interactions in a care home for older people with dementia in England. Stories were told by a range of discourse participants and varied from more relationally-oriented anecdotes occurring as part of small talk to more transactionally-oriented narratives embedded into work routines. The main aim of the study was to explore narratives as social practice in the interactions of the care staff and to discover what functions they perform in their workplace practice and more generally in that of the care home. The analysis focused principally on two primarily work-oriented narrative types: “working stories” and “narratives of professional practice”. The findings were that such stories performed a range of key functions in the professional practice of the care givers, in particular problem-solving, knowledge-sharing and critical evaluation.
Assessment of occupational exposure from shielded and unshielded syringes for clinically relevant positron emission tomography (PET) isotopes—a Monte Carlo approach using EGSnrc
Authors: McCann Ann , León Vintró Luis , Cournane Seán , Lucey Julie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

18F has been the most widely used radionuclide in positron emission tomography (PET) facilities over the last few decades. However, increased interest in novel PET tracers, theranostics and immuno-PET has led to significant growth in clinically used positron-emitting radionuclides. The decay schemes of each of these radioisotopes are markedly different from 18F, with different endpoint energies for the emitted positrons and, in some cases, additional high energy gamma radiation. This has implications for the occupational exposure of personnel involved in the manipulation and dispensing of PET radiopharmaceuticals. The EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulation software was used to estimate the doses to extremities in contact with unshielded and shielded syringes containing 64Cu, 18F, 11C, 13N, 15O, 68Ga and 89Zr, respectively. Dose rates at various distances from the syringe were also modelled, with dose rates reported in terms of eye (Hp(3)), skin equivalent (Hp(0.07)) and deep (Hp(10)) doses. The composition and geometry of the simulated syringe shields were based on a selection of commercially available PET shields. Experimental dose rate measurements were performed for validation purposes where possible. Contact skin dose rates for all isotopes, except for 64Cu, were found to be higher than 18F for the unshielded syringe. The addition of a shield resulted in approximately equal contact skin dose rates for nearly all isotopes, for each shield type, with the exception of 89Zr which was notably higher. Dose rate constants (µGy/MBq.hr) for a range of PET isotopes and shields are presented and their significance discussed.
On mix-norms and the rate of decay of correlations
Authors: Oakley Bryan W , Thiffeault Jean-Luc , Doering Charles R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Two quantitative notions of mixing are the decay of correlations and the decay of a mix-norm—a negative Sobolev norm—and the intensity of mixing can be measured by the rates of decay of these quantities. From duality, correlations are uniformly dominated by a mix-norm; but can they decay asymptotically faster than the mix-norm? We answer this question by constructing an observable with correlation that comes arbitrarily close to achieving the decay rate of the mix-norm. Therefore the mix-norm is the sharpest rate of decay of correlations in both the uniform sense and the asymptotic sense. Moreover, there exists an observable with correlation that decays at the same rate as the mix-norm if and only if the rate of decay of the mix-norm is achieved by its projection onto low-frequency Fourier modes. In this case, the function being mixed is called q
-recurrent; otherwise it is q-transient. We use this classification to study several examples and raise questions for future investigations.
Mixing rates for symplectic almost Anosov maps
Authors: Eslami Peyman , Liverani Carlangelo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We establish sharp bounds on the mixing rates of a class of two dimensional non-uniformly hyperbolic symplectic maps. This provides a primer on how to investigate such questions in a concrete example and, at the same time, it solves a controversy between previous rigorous results and numerical experiments.
Variational methods for breather solutions of nonlinear wave equations
Authors: Mandel Rainer , Scheider Dominic 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We construct infinitely many real-valued, time-periodic breather solutions of the nonlinear wave equation

∂

t
t

U
−
Δ
U
=
Q

(

x

)

|
U

|

p
−
2

U

on

T
×

R

N

with suitable N ⩾ 2, p > 2 and localized nonnegative Q. These solutions are obtained from critical points of a dual functional and they are weakly localized in space. Our abstract framework allows to find similar existence results for the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation and biharmonic wave equations.
The Dubrovin threefold of an algebraic curve
Authors: Agostini Daniele , Çelik Türkü Özlüm , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The solutions to the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation that arise from a fixed complex algebraic curve are parametrized by a threefold in a weighted projective space, which we name after Boris Dubrovin. Current methods from nonlinear algebra are applied to study parametrizations and defining ideals of Dubrovin threefolds. We highlight the dichotomy between transcendental representations and exact algebraic computations. Our main result on the algebraic side is a toric degeneration of the Dubrovin threefold into the product of the underlying canonical curve and a weighted projective plane.
Symmetry of positive solutions of elliptic equations with mixed boundary conditions in a sub-spherical sector
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Li Rui , Yao Ruofei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the qualitative properties of positive solutions to a semilinear elliptic equation in a planar sub-spherical sector. Under certain range of amplitudes, we prove some monotonicity properties via the method of moving planes. The symmetry properties follow from the uniqueness of the corresponding over-determined problem by Farina and Valdinoci (2013 Am. J. Math.).
Effects on I–V relations from small permanent charge and channel geometry via classical Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations with multiple cations
Authors: Wen Zhenshu , Bates Peter W , Zhang Mingji 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We analyse a quasi-one-dimensional Poisson–Nernst–Planck system for ionic flow through a membrane channel with nonzero but small permanent charge. The system includes three ion species, two cations with the same valences and one anion. The cross-sectional area of the channel is included in the system, which provides certain information of the geometry of the three-dimensional channel. This is critical for our analysis. We treat the model as a boundary value problem of a singularly perturbed system of differential equations. Under the framework of geometric singular perturbation theory, together with specific structures of the model, the existence and local uniqueness of solutions to the boundary value problem for small permanent charges is established. Furthermore, treating the permanent charge as a small parameter, via regular perturbation analysis, we are able to derive an approximation of the I–V (current–voltage) relations explicitly, from which the permanent charge and channel geometry effects on ionic flows are analysed in detail. Critical potentials are identified and their roles in characterising the ionic flow properties of interest are studied. Some critical potentials can be experimentally estimated, and this provides an efficient way to adjust the boundary pot to observe distinct dynamics of ionic flows. Mathematical analysis indicates that a short and narrow filter within which the permanent charge is confined is expected in order to optimise the effect of permanent charges. This is consistent with the typical structure of an ion channel.
Invariant measures of fractional stochastic delay reaction–diffusion equations on unbounded domains
Authors: Chen Zhang , Wang Bixiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, existence of invariant measure is mainly investigated for a fractional stochastic delay reaction–diffusion equation defined on unbounded domains. We first establish the mean-square uniform smallness of the tails of the solutions in order to overcome the non-compactness of standard Sobolev embeddings on unbounded domains. We then show the weak compactness of a family of probability distributions of the solutions by combining the Ascoli–Arzelà theorem, the uniform tail-estimates as well as the technique of dyadic division.
Normalized solutions for fractional nonlinear scalar field equations via Lagrangian formulation
Authors: Cingolani S , Gallo M , Tanaka K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study existence of solutions for the fractional problem

(

P

m

)

(

−
Δ

)

s

u
+
μ
u
=
g

(

u

)

in

R

N

,

∫

R

N

u

2

d
x
=
m
,

u
∈

H

r

s

(

R

N

)

,

where N ⩾ 2, s ∈ (0, 1), m > 0, μ is an unknown Lagrange multiplier and

g
∈
C

(

R
,
R

)

satisfies Berestycki–Lions type conditions. Using a Lagrangian formulation of the problem (P

m
), we prove the existence of a weak solution with prescribed mass when g has L
2 subcritical growth. The approach relies on the construction of a minimax structure, by means of a Pohozaev’s mountain in a product space and some deformation arguments under a new version of the Palais–Smale condition introduced in Hirata and Tanaka (2019 Adv. Nonlinear Stud.
19 263–90); Ikoma and Tanaka (2019 Adv. Differ. Equ.
24 609–46). A multiplicity result of infinitely many normalized solutions is also obtained if g is odd.