bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scholarship Revisited: A Collaborative Nursing Education Program's Journey
Authors: Storch Janet , Gamroth Lucia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Collaborative Nursing Program in British Columbia is a nursing education program composed of 10 partners, including five community colleges, four university colleges, and one university. The Board of Accréditation of the Canadian Association of University Schools of Nursing granted a 7 -year accreditation to the Collaborative Nursing Program partners in November 2000. During the past several years, the partners have begun to view their collaborative curriculum development, implementation, and evaluation through the lens of scholarship. Using Boyer's model of scholarship, they have begun to evaluate their work of discovery, integration, application, and teaching against criteria in Scholarship Assessed: Evaluation of the Professorate. This article describes the journey the collaborative partners undertook in exploring the meaning of scholarship across the partnership and within each nursing school.
Grade Disputes: Considerations for Nursing Faculty
Authors: Boley Paula , Whitney Karen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nursing faculty take grading of assignments seriously. Faculty realize students are sensitive about their grade point averages and that students must maintain certain grades for progression and the retention of scholarships. Faculty further recognize that the grading of clinical performance is complex and subjective by nature. Some faculty are reluctant to assign a failing grade for poor clinical performance for fear of litigation. In this article, the authors discuss several landmark cases that have come before the courts, which have set precedence for grade disputes. The courts overwhelmingly have supported faculty decisions regarding grade assignment, as long as the grades were not arbitrary or capricious. Nursing instructors should not be fearful of failing a student solely on the basis of poor clinical performance. However, faculty must be prepared to explain how grades are assessed related to the program and course objectives.
Using a Linked Learning Activity to Foster Nursing Students' Professional Growth
Authors: Smith Dawn , Garteig Laureen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Linked learning assignments employ a learner-centered approach that views differences among students as educationally enriching, rather than problematic. This article describee a linked learning activity that systematically incorporated differences between first-year and fourth-year nursing students to enrich learning outcomes related to professional growth and the image of nursing. The process of developing, implementing, and evaluating this professional growth-United learning activity is described. Thematic analysis of students' and faculty's reflective writing about their experience of the learning activity generated three themes - experiencing collegiality, sharing insider perspectives, and re-envisioning nursing. Suggestions for using linked learning activities to actively engage the diversity present in nursing undergraduate programs are offered. The value of facilitating and providing supportive environments for dialogue among students at various stages of development to promote positive socialization in nursing is discussed.
"Razoo Health": A Community-Based Nursing Education Initiative
Authors: Kraus Marjorie B , Morgan Connie M , Matteson Peggy S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
When statistics depicted a health crisis for people of all ages living in Louisiana, and New Orleans in particular, school of nursing faculty designed and instituted a neighborhood-based initiative to "Razoo Health." This initiative facilitated a paradigm shift from exclusively illness management to include health promotion and disease prevention. "Razoo," a local colloquialism used to claim an opponent's marble during game play, means to snatch or claim. Appropriately, Razoo Health refers to the intent of Louisiana citizens to reclaim and take back the health of the people in the cities' neighborhoods.
Working with four inner-city parochial schools and churches as hubs, nursing faculty and students mobilize neighborhood assets, talents, and capacities to form partnerships for healthy change. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coordinated School Health Model is employed within each neighborhood school to provide health care access, decrease absenteeism, raise test scores, and deliver worksite health programming to faculty and staff and to neighbors and parishioners. Nursing students work with citizens and students of other health care professions to learn community assessment skills and deliver primary, secondary, and tertiary services to individuals, families, and the community. Citizens wear crowns of empowered sovereignty as they take back, or razoo, what is rightfully theirs - health.
Undergraduate Community Health in the First Semester: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Speck Barbara J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the current health care environment, there is a trend for care to move from acute hospital settings to community settings. The Pew Health Professions Commission and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing identified a need to modify health care professional education to meet the needs of the changing health care system and diverse demographics in the United States. In traditional baccalaureate nursing programs, the community health nursing course typically is taken in the last year, after students have completed medical-surgical nursing courses. This article describes a curriculum that begins with the community health nursing course. Many opportunities and challenges related to this placement are described.
Bilateral Acquired Inflammatory Brown's Syndrome
Authors: Moore A T , Morin J D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An 11-year-old boy presented with fever, skin rash, joint pains and vertical diplopia, and was found to have a right Brown's syndrome and systemic onset Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis ( JRA). Later in the course of his illness, he developed a left Brown's syndrome. Acquired Brown's syndrome may occur as a complication of JRA during exacerbations of the systemic inflammatory disease.
Outcome of Treatment of Marked Ametropia Without Strabismus Following Screening and Diagnosis Before the Age of Three
Authors: Friedman Z , Neumann E , Abel-Peleg B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Following early treatment of 39 consecutive cases with marked ametropia without strabismus, diagnosed by screening at the age of one to two and a half years, residual amblyopia was found in 20 (51%), including six (15%) with bilateral amblyopia, but with relatively good visual acuity in at least one eye. Anisometropia showed the highest rate of residual amblyopia.
The main changes in refraction that occurred from the age of screening to the age of seven years was myopisation, especially in hypermetropic eyes without amblyopia.
Heterotropia, always intermittent, developed in six of the 39 cases. Pull stereopsis could be found in eight cases only, all without amblyopia. The majority, whether amblyopic or not, had partial binocular functions but four cases, all amblyopic, had none.
Treatment of Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous
Authors: Pollard Zane F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Thirty-two patients with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous were examined by the author over a 10-year period. Two patients have been followed with conservative management. Thirty patients were treated with surgery involving lensectomy with anterior vitrectomy being performed as the minimal treatment, with a few patients being treated with a full vitrectomy and dissection of the PHPV stalk from the posterior lens surface to the retina. The only eyes which obtained a good visual result were those eyes which contained only the anterior PHPV without the posterior segment being involved. While surgery on the posterior segment was anatomically successful, poor visual results were obtained due to retinal abnormalities. No eye has been removed. Five eyes have useful vision. Early treatment is advised in order to prevent underdevelopment of the orbit secondary to early enucleation as well as to treat amblyopia in those visually salvageable eyes.
Hyaloid Vascular Pattern in the Human Fetus
Authors: Ko Myung-Kyoo , Chi Je G , Chang Bong-Lean 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The hyaloid vascular system of developing human eyeballs is studied to elucidate the relationship to the retinal vascular patterns. The process of the regression of the hyaloid vascular system in fetuses consisted of gradual shrinkage of the wall of the vessels with lessening of the lumen and eventually, thread-like acellular strands that remained as a consequence. The intercapillary bridge in the retinal vessel appeared to be a remnant of the degenerated vessel as in the hyaloid vascular system.
At the ninth month of intra-uterine life, the regression of the hyaloid vascular system was almost complete.
Ocular Deficiencies in Deaf Children
Authors: Regenbogen Lucian , Godel Victor 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In a sample of 150 deaf children, 45.3% were found to present ocular anomalies interfering with good vision. This high frequency of visual impairment contributes to the low-level functioning and lack of normal developmental drives characteristic of deaf children. Early identification, competent diagnosis and appropriate intervention by a team of specialists are required in the treatment of such cases.
Electroretinography: Application to Clinical Studies of Infants
Authors: Fulton Anne B , Hansen Ronald M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The electroretinographic (ERG) responses of normal human infants have been studied in scotopic conditions. The relation of stimulus intensity to the amplitude of the b-wave of the ERG undergoes developmental changes during infancy. The maximum amplitude that can be obtained gradually increases to approach adult values by age 12 months. Sensitivity, however, is equivalent to that of adults at age five to six months. Latencies reach adult values at the end of the first year.
Some results of ERG testing of infant patients with retinal disorders are compared to the normal results. As previously reported for animals and human adults with retinal disorders, amplitude, sensitivity and latency are not always equally compromised by the retinal diseases of infants.
Masked Blepharoptosis
Authors: Lockhart Lonn Bradley , Biglan Albert W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The eyelid of a patient with apparent unilateral blepharoptosis and a preference for fixation with the contralateral eye, was corrected surgically. However, postoperatively when the preferred (unoperated) eye was used for fixation, the ptosis appeared to have been overcorrected. When the non-preferred (operated) eye was forced to take up fixation, the overcorrected lid position resolved, but ptosis of the unoperated eyelid was unmasked. Surgical correction of this previously masked ptosis ultimately produced a satisfactory result. Our experience emphasizes the importance of ocular fixation preference when evaluating patients with blepharoptosis.
A Comparison of the Succinylcholine Induced Ocular Position and the Postoperative Alignment in Strabismus
Authors: Lingua Robert W , Azen Stanley P , Walonker Frances , Levin Lori , Baker Sherryl 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Succinylcholine was injected intraoperatively in 41 strabismus patients with congenital esotropia or intermittent or constant exotropia. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictive relationships between the one-, six-, and 26-week postoperative alignment and the intraoperative, succinylcholine-induced ocular position. Ocular position, determined by the interlimbal distance in millimeters, was calculated using a semi-automated, video replay analysis system. Large, statistically significant correlation coefficients were obtained for patients undergoing bimedial recessions of 4.0 to 5.5 mm and bilateral lateral rectus recessions of 5.0 to 7.0 mm. Small correlations were obtained for esotropes undergoing the recession/ resection procedure and those with bimedial recessions of 6.0 mm or greater. These data support the theory that the succinylcholine-sensitive subgroup of the extraocular muscle fibers are those whose tonic contracture provide the motor component to ocular alignment. Sample sizes at present are insufficient to suggest clinical use of these data. In future research, these relationships will be tested for their ability to predict postoperative alignment and thereby, improve success rates in strabismus surgery.
Extraocular Muscle Aplasia in Moebius Syndrome
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I , Maumenee Irene H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A case of Moebius syndrome with bilateral aplasia of the medial and lateral recti is reported. The fibrous bands that replaced the medial recti were inserted posteriorly on the globe resulting in a restrictive large angle esotropia. Surgical intervention resulted in alignment in the primary position. The present case favors a primary mesodermal dysplasia of the extraocular musculature in Moebius syndrome.
Ocular Manifestations of Tubercular Meningitis: A Clinico-Biochemical Study
Authors: Lamba P A , Bhalla J S , Mullick D N 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Forty-eight children with tubercular meningitis were observed and followed up for development of ocular sequelae over a period of four months. Commonest ocular abnormality encountered in this condition was optic disc change (62%) of which papillitis was the most frequent. The incidence of pupillary change and cranial nerve paralysis was seen to be 48% and 28% respectively. Anisocoria and mydriasis were commonly observed pupillary changes. The third cranial nerve was the most frequent nerve involved in this condition. It was observed that patients who had high CSF protein content (>75 mg%) showed more chances of development of primary optic atrophy (P value 0.001). Choroidal tubercle and papilledema were found to be signs of grave prognostic significance.
Congenital Ocular Fibrosis Syndrome Associated With the Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Kalpakian Basilio , Bateman J Bronwyn , Sparkes Robert S , Wood G Kenneth 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report an 11-year-old boy with both the congenital ocular fibrosis and the Prader-Willi syndromes. Since birth he has had bilateral blepharoptosis and fixed ocular misalignment in downward gaze. Pathological examination of the extraocular muscles showed replacement by fibrous tissue. Additionally, the child had the typical clinical features of the Prader-Willi syndrome including mental retardation, hypotonia, short stature, hypogonadism, and obesity. The Prader-Willi syndrome has been consistently associated with interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 15. Although our patient appeared to have normal chromosomes, he may indeed have an undetectable deletion which may be responsible for both syndromes. We believe that the gene(s) for the congenital ocular fibrosis syndrome may be located near the gene(s) for the PraderWilli syndrome on the long arm of chromosome 15.
Unilateral Blepharoptosis With Synkinetic Movements of the Eyelids on Horizontal Gaze
Authors: Rice Charles D , Weaver R Grey , Benjamin Eugene , Troost B Todd 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 17-year-old woman with a left congenital ptosis and an alternating esotropia is presented. During horizontal gaze to the right and left, the eyelid of the abducting eye elevated and the eyelid of the adducting eye lowered. There were no synkinetic eyelid movements with contraction of the pterygoid, sternocleidomastoid, or facial muscles. Synkinetic eyelid movements due to aberrant regeneration were unlikely due to absence of previous third nerve palsy. A supranuclear innervational abnormality is proposed to explain the clinical findings.
Rod ERGs in Children With Hereditary Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Birch David G , Fish Gary E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Rod ERGs were obtained over a broad range of stimulus intensities from young patients with retinitis pigmentosa and progressive cone-rod degeneration. Intensity-response functions suggest that children with retinitis pigmentosa have reductions in the number of functioning rods and that surviving rods generating the ERG have reduced sensitivity. Children with cone-rod degeneration also have reduced numbers of rods, but the remaining rods have normal sensitivity. These findings suggest that the underlying mechanisms of rod degeneration differ in these two forms of disease and demonstrate that insights into the pathogenesis of hereditary retinal degeneration can be obtained by testing children. The ability to distinguish between retinitis pigmentosa and cone-rod degeneration in children is also important because of differences in the rates of progression between the two classes of progressive retinal degeneration.
Nasal-Oropharyngoscopy: A Simple Test to Evaluate Lacrimal Duct Function in Children
Authors: Gammon J Allen , Wilmeth J Philip , Guo Su Qin , Gemmill Mary 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system is a common problem in pediatric ophthalmology. We describe a simple office test which allows the patency of the lacrimal drainage system to be visualized.
Superior Oblique Tenotomy in the Treatment of Isolated Inferior Oblique Paresis
Authors: Reese Paul D , Scott William E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Both tenotomy and tenectomy of the homolateral superior oblique muscle have been advocated as surgical treatment for isolated paresis of the inferior oblique muscle. An iatrogenic superior oblique palsy has been reported to be a frequent complication of superior oblique tenectomy. This complication appears to be less frequent following superior oblique tenotomy. Of 16 consecutive patients with isolated inferior oblique paresis treated by homolateral superior oblique tenotomy and followed an average of 5.0 years (range six months to 11.6 years), only two patients demonstrated a superior oblique palsy postoperatively. Large vertical deviations with spread of comitance, however, required a superior rectus recession of the fellow eye in addition to superior oblique tenotomy.
Secondary Cataracts in Infants After Lensectomies
Authors: Morgan Keith S , Karcioglu Zeynel A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three infants, one who was two weeks old, and two who were two months old, underwent lensectomy and vitrectomy in a total of four eyes for congenital cataracts by means of an automated suction cutter. Two patients with unilateral opacities underwent combined cataract extraction and epikeratophakia, and one with bilateral congenital cataracts underwent cataract extractions and was fit with extended wear contact lenses. In all cases, the surgery involved at least a 5-mm posterior capsulotomy with a shallow anterior vitrectomy, and was uneventful. Three of the four eyes developed new opacities that required surgical removal three to five months after the original surgery. Cytological evaluation of the specimen obtained from one patient showed this material to be lens epithelium. In all three cases, the material grew without the support of the posterior capsule; in one patient the material appeared to have seeded onto the iris. This previously unreported complication in infants with congenital cataracts who have undergone posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy emphasizes the need for frequent retinoscopies on such patients. The absence of the posterior capsule does not guarantee that these children will not develop secondary growth of lens epithelium which may obstruct the visual axis.
Herpes Simplex Keratitis and Amblyopia
Authors: Beneish Raquel G , Williams Frances R , Polomeno Robert C , Flanders Michael E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Herpes simplex keratitis can cause severe loss of vision in children. The findings in five children show that amblyopia is caused by stimulus deprivation and/or anisometropia. Early medical treatment, occlusion therapy, and frequent refractions are crucial for a good visual prognosis.
Congenital Orbital Vascular Malformation Complicated by Massive Retrobulbar Hemorrhage
Authors: Kremer Israel , Nissenkorn Ilana , Feuerman Peter , Ben-Sira Isaac 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 2-year-old female infant with a presumed diagnosis of infantile hemangioma of the left eyebrow developed acute proptosis of the left eye several days after a mild orbital trauma. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) and carotid angiography confirmed the presence of a vascularized mass in the retrobulbar space, spreading anteriorly to the orbital rim and the frontal area. Due to progression of the proptosis and the development of exposure keratitis, surgical intervention was necessary. A large vascular tumor and a massive hemorrhage occupying the orbit were removed. The pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a vascular malformation of the orbit, most probably orbital varices. A relatively good visual acuity was achieved after surgery by occlusion therapy.
The Polarized Three-Dot Test
Authors: Arthur Brian W , Keech Ronald V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A new binocular sensory test was designed using polarizing filters. The polarized three-dot test (P3D) subtends the same visual angle as the Worth four-dot test (W4D). Sensory testing was performed at distance and near in 100 patients using the W4D and P3D tests. Every patient reliably completing the W4D test also completed the P3D test. Twelve patients failed to complete both tests. Fifteen patients could not reliably complete the W4D test but were able to perform the P3D, thus increasing the interpretable response rate from 73% for the W4D test to 88% for the P3D (chi square, p < .0001).
In every case but one, fusion by W4D testing was also found by the P3D test. In addition, the P3D identified 19 cases of fusion not found by W4D testing. The results suggest that the P3D test is superior to the W4D test in the clinical assessment of central and peripheral fusion.
Contrast Sensitivity Letter Charts as a Test of Visual Function in Amblyopia
Authors: Loeffler Michael , Wise Jack S , Gans Mark 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Anisometropie and strabismic amblyopes were studied using the Regan Contrast Sensitivity Charts. At all levels of contrast, the amblyopic eyes of both the strabismic and anisometropic patients scored significantly lower than did their fellow normal eyes, which were used as controls. In comparing the differences between the normal and amblyopic eyes of both groups, we noted a normalization of the visual function of strabismic amblyopes at low contrast. This feature was not observed in the anisometropic amblyopes who consistently scored poorly when viewing either the high or low contrast chart.
Amblyopia: The Normal Eye is Not Normal
Authors: Leguire Lawrence E , Rogers Gary L , Bremer Don L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
When acuity was used to evaluate amblyopia in children, the amblyopic eye had decreased acuity and the nonamblyopic eye had normal acuity. However when Contrast Sensitivity Functions (CSFs) were used to evaluate amblyopia, losses in the CSF were discovered in both the amblyopic and the nonamblyopic eyes. During the course of occlusion therapy, the amblyopic eye improved in acuity and CSF and the nonamblyopic eye improved in CSF. The results suggest that the nonamblyopic eye is not normal and that the CSF provides additional information to acuity about amblyopia in children.