bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of marker position and size on the registration accuracy of HoloLens in a non-clinical setting with implications for high-precision surgical tasks
Authors: Pérez-Pachón Laura , Sharma Parivrudh , Brech Helena , Gregory Jenny , Lowe Terry , Poyade Matthieu , Gröning Flora 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Emerging holographic headsets can be used to register patient-specific virtual models obtained from medical scans with the patient’s body. Maximising accuracy of the virtual models’ inclination angle and position (ideally, ≤ 2° and ≤ 2 mm, respectively, as in currently approved navigation systems) is vital for this application to be useful. This study investigated the accuracy with which a holographic headset registers virtual models with real-world features based on the position and size of image markers.

Methods
HoloLens® and the image-pattern-recognition tool Vuforia Engine™ were used to overlay a 5-cm-radius virtual hexagon on a monitor’s surface in a predefined position. The headset’s camera detection of an image marker (displayed on the monitor) triggered the rendering of the virtual hexagon on the headset’s lenses. 4 × 4, 8 × 8 and 12 × 12 cm image markers displayed at nine different positions were used. In total, the position and dimensions of 114 virtual hexagons were measured on photographs captured by the headset’s camera.

Results
Some image marker positions and the smallest image marker (4 × 4 cm) led to larger errors in the perceived dimensions of the virtual models than other image marker positions and larger markers (8 × 8 and 12 × 12 cm). ≤ 2° and ≤ 2 mm errors were found in 70.7% and 76% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion
Errors obtained in a non-negligible percentage of cases are not acceptable for certain surgical tasks (e.g. the identification of correct trajectories of surgical instruments). Achieving sufficient accuracy with image marker sizes that meet surgical needs and regardless of image marker position remains a challenge.
The patterns of problematic social media use (SMU) and their relationship with online flow, life satisfaction, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in Lithuania and in Germany
Authors: Brailovskaia Julia , Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene Inga , Kazlauskas Evaldas , Margraf Jürgen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated problematic social media use (SMU) in Lithuania and in Germany. In two student samples (Lithuania: N = 1640; Germany: N = 727), problematic SMU, flow experienced during SMU, life satisfaction, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were assessed by online surveys. Latent Class Analysis resulted in a four-group classification of participants due to their levels of problematic SMU characteristics: low-symptom, low-withdrawal, high-withdrawal, and high-symptom. The proportion of participants in the low-symptom group was significantly higher in Germany than in Lithuania. In contrast, significantly more Lithuanian participants belonged to both withdrawal groups. No significant country differences were found for the composition of the high-symptom group. In both countries, a series of Structural Equation Models showed that the level of flow, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms was the highest in the high-symptom group, and the lowest in the low-symptom group. Life satisfaction revealed the reversed result pattern. The current findings show that students from Lithuania and Germany can be grouped considering their problematic SMU level. Individuals in the four groups differ due to their level of mental health. Especially members of the high-symptom group might benefit from external controlling strategies of their time spent on SM, while members of the withdrawal groups are suggested to train their SMU self-control.
Distinct Characteristics of Odor-evoked Calcium and Electrophysiological Signals in Mitral/Tufted Cells in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Xu Han , Geng Chi , Hua Xinzhong , Liu Penglai , Xu Jinshan , Li Anan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFiber photometry is a recently-developed method that indirectly measures neural activity by monitoring Ca2+ signals in genetically-identified neuronal populations. Although fiber photometry is widely used in neuroscience research, the relationship between the recorded Ca2+ signals and direct electrophysiological measurements of neural activity remains elusive. Here, we simultaneously recorded odor-evoked Ca2+ and electrophysiological signals [single-unit spikes and local field potentials (LFPs)] from mitral/tufted cells in the olfactory bulb of awake, head-fixed mice. Odors evoked responses in all types of signal but the response characteristics (e.g., type of response and time course) differed. The Ca2+ signal was correlated most closely with power in the β-band of the LFP. The Ca2+ signal performed slightly better at odor classification than high-γ oscillations, worse than single-unit spikes, and similarly to β oscillations. These results provide new information to help researchers select an appropriate method for monitoring neural activity under specific conditions.
A New Approach to Harness Probiotics Against Common Bacterial Skin Pathogens: Towards Living Antimicrobials
Authors: Khalfallah Ghazi , Gartzen Rita , Möller Martin , Heine Elisabeth , Lütticken Rudolf 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, the potential of certain lactic acid bacteria—classified as probiotics and known to be antimicrobially active against pathogens or food-poisoning microorganisms—was evaluated with respect to their activity against bacterial skin pathogens. The aim of the study was to develop a plaster/bandage for the application of inhibitory substances produced by these probiotics when applied to diseased skin. For this purpose, two Streptococcus salivarius strains and one Lactobacillus plantarum were tested for production of antimicrobials (bacteriocin-like substances) active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens using established methods. A newly designed membrane test ensured that the probiotics produce antimicrobials diffusible through membranes. Target organisms used were Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the L. plantarum 8P-A3 strain was tested against additional bacteria involved in skin disorders. The Lactobacillales used were active against all potential skin pathogens tested. These probiotics could be enclosed between polymer membranes—one tight, the other permeable for their products, preserved by vacuum drying, and reactivated after at least three months storage. Importantly, the reactivated pads containing the probiotics demonstrated antibacterial activity on agar plates against all pathogens tested. This suggests that the probiotic containing pads may be topically applied for the treatment of skin disorders without the need for a regular antibiotic treatment or as an adjunctive therapy.
Democracy of Climate and Climate for Democracy: the Evolution of Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Innovation Systems
Authors: Carayannis Elias G. , Campbell David F. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuadruple and Quintuple Helix innovation systems are based on democracy and ecology. Two propositions are here key: (1) without a democracy or knowledge democracy, the further advancement of knowledge and innovation are seriously constrained, so in that sense, knowledge and innovation evolution depend on democracy and knowledge democracy; (2) ecology and environmental protection represent a necessity and challenge for humanity, but they also act as drivers for further knowledge and innovation (this should lead to a win–win situation for ecology and innovation). Therefore, for an innovation system to be a Quadruple/Quintuple Helix innovation system, the political regime hosting these helixes needs to be democratic in essence, not just in form. The next stage in evolution of innovation systems may be that this also will require a “democracy of climate” (promoting a social, cultural, economic, and political “climate for democracy”), where democracies as innovation enablers are creating innovation that regard the ecology as a crucial driver for further innovation and for responsible innovation.
Dexamethasone and oxygen therapy in care home residents with diabetes: a management guide and algorithm for treatment: a rapid response action statement from the European Diabetes Working Party for Older People (EDWPOP) and European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS)
Authors: Sinclair Alan James , Maggi Stefania , Abdelhafiz Ahmed Hassan , Veronese Nicola , Rodriguez-Manas Leocadio , Bourdel-Marchasson Isabelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis statement addresses the need to provide clinically relevant and practical guidance for long-term care staff working in care homes and other stakeholders engaged in the care of residents who require consideration for dexamethasone and oxygen therapy. It had been provided following a series of consensus discussions between the EDWPOP and the EuGMS in January and February 2021. Its main aim is to minimise morbidity and mortality from serious acute illnesses including COVID-19 requiring these treatments within the long-term care sector.
Ensemble binary segmentation for irregularly spaced data with change-points
Authors: Korkas Karolos K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose a new technique for consistent estimation of the number and locations of the change-points in the structure of an irregularly spaced time series. The core of the segmentation procedure is the ensemble binary segmentation method (EBS), a technique in which a large number of multiple change-point detection tasks using the binary segmentation method are applied on sub-samples of the data of differing lengths, and then the results are combined to create an overall answer. We do not restrict the total number of change-points a time series can have, therefore, our proposed method works well when the spacings between change-points are short. Our main change-point detection statistic is the time-varying autoregressive conditional duration model on which we apply a transformation process in order to decorrelate it. To examine the performance of EBS we provide a simulation study for various types of scenarios. A proof of consistency is also provided. Our methodology is implemented in the R package , available to download from CRAN.
Healthcare-acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is less symptomatic than community-acquired disease among healthcare workers
Authors: Fletcher Jeffrey J. , Feucht Eric C. , Hahn Peter Y. , McGoff Theresa N. , Dehart Del J. , El Mortada Mohamad E. , Grifka Ronald G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:We hypothesized that healthcare workers (HCWs) with high-risk exposures outside the healthcare system would have less asymptomatic coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease and more symptoms than those without such exposures.Design:A longitudinal point prevalence study was conducted during August 17–September 4, 2020 (period 1) and during December 2–23, 2020 (period 2).Setting:Community based teaching health system.Participants:All HCWs were invited to participate. Among HCWs who acquired COVID-19, logistic regression models were used to evaluate the adjusted odds of asymptomatic disease using high-risk exposure outside the healthcare system as the explanatory variable. The number of symptoms between exposure groups was evaluated with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The risk of seropositivity among all HCS by work exposure was evaluated during both periods.Interventions:Survey and serological testing.Result:Seroprevalence increased from 1.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2%–2.6%) to 13.7% (95% CI, 11.9%–15.5%) during the study. Only during period 2 did HCWs with the highest work exposure (versus low exposure) have an increased risk of seropositivity (risk difference [RD], 7%; 95% CI, 1%–13%). Participants who had a high-risk exposure outside of work (compared to those without) had a decreased probability of asymptomatic disease (odds ratio [OR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16–0.86) and demonstrated more symptoms (median 3 [IQR, 2–6] vs 1 [IQR, 0–4]; P = .001).Conclusions:Healthcare-acquired COVID-19 increases the probability of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease compared to community-acquired disease. This finding suggests that infection prevention strategies (including masks and eye protection) may be mitigating inoculum and supports the variolation theory in COVID-19.
Rural Social Safety Nets for Migrant Farmworkers in Michigan, 1942–1971
Authors: Prifogle Emily 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIn the 1960s, farmers pressed trespass charges against aid workers providing assistance to agricultural laborers living on the farmers’ private property. Some of the first court decisions to address these types of trespass, such as the well-known and frequently taught State v. Shack (1971), limited the property rights of farmers and enabled aid workers to enter camps where migrants lived. Yet there was a world before Shack, a world in which farmers welcomed onto their land rural religious groups, staffed largely by women from the local community, who provided services to migrant workers. From the 1940s through the 1960s, federal, state, and local law left large gaps in labor protections and government services for migrant agricultural laborers in Michigan. In response, church women created rural safety nets that mobilized local generosity and provided aid. This article uses Michigan as a case study to argue that these informal safety nets also policed migrant morality, maintained rural segregation, and performed surveillance of community outsiders, thereby serving the farmers’ goals of having a reliable and cheap labor force—ultimately strengthening the economic and legal structures that left agricultural workers vulnerable.
Statistical analysis of fireballs: Seismic signature survey
Authors: Neidhart T. , Miljković K. , Sansom E. K. , Devillepoix H. A. R. , Kawamura T. , Dimech J.-L. , Wieczorek M. A. , Bland P. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFireballs are infrequently recorded by seismic sensors on the ground. If recorded, they are usually reported as one-off events. This study is the first seismic bulk analysis of the largest single fireball data set, observed by the Desert Fireball Network (DFN) in Australia in the period 2014–2019. The DFN typically observes fireballs from cm-m scale impactors. We identified 25 fireballs in seismic time series data recorded by the Australian National Seismograph Network (ANSN). This corresponds to 1.8% of surveyed fireballs, at the kinetic energy range of$10^6$–$10^{10}$J. The peaks observed in the seismic time series data were consistent with calculated arrival times of the direct airwave or ground-coupled Rayleigh wave caused by shock waves by the fireball in the atmosphere (either due to fragmentation or the passage of the Mach cone). Our work suggests that identification of fireball events in the seismic time series data depends on both physical properties of a fireball (such as fireball energy and entry angle in the atmosphere) and the sensitivity of a seismic instrument. This work suggests that fireballs are likely detectable within 200 km direct air distance between a fireball and seismic station, for sensors used in the ANSN. If each DFN observatory had been accompanied by a seismic sensor of similar sensitivity, 50% of surveyed fireballs could have been detected. These statistics justify the future consideration of expanding the DFN camera network into the seismic domain.
Avifauna and biogeographical affinities of acarrasco-dominated landscape in north-eastern Brazil: providing baseline data for future monitoring
Authors: DE LIMA HEVANA SANTANA , LAS-CASAS FLOR MARIA GUEDES , RIBEIRO JONATHAN RAMOS , GIRÃO WEBER ANDRADE , MARIZ DANIELE , NAKA LUCIANO N. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThecarrascois a dense, shrubby vegetation type that covers the higher parts of table-top mountains in north-eastern Brazil. The vegetation of this phytophysiognomy is often considered to have biogeographical and ecological affinities with thecerradoof Central Brazil, but the biogeographical affinities of its avifauna remain unclear. In recent years, deforestation due to local economic activities has been particularly severe in somecarrasco-dominated landscapes. In 2013, we initiated avian surveys at the Fazenda Pau D‘Arco, a privately owned property located on top of the Araripe Plateau, to evaluate the effects of a legal forest management program on the avifauna. Here, we present the results of four years of avian inventories to: i) characterize a well-preserved patch ofcarrascovegetation; ii) assess avian biogeographical affinities of this vegetation type; iii) identify associations between managed/unmanaged areas and bird species; and iv) provide baseline data for future avian monitoring studies. Using different survey methods, we provide a list of 148 bird species, including several dry-forest specialists andcaatingaendemics. Biogeographically, the avifauna of thecarrascorepresents a subsample of theCaatingadry forest, lackingcerradoelements. Forest management significantly affected the distribution of several bird species in the study area. We found that 1/5 of the species (24) recorded during our standardized surveys were significantly associated with either unmanaged (14 species) or managed (10 species) areas. Species such as the Ceará LeaftosserSclerurus cearensis, a globally vulnerable species, have only been detected in non-managed areas and therefore can be negatively affected by the management program. We also present data on 16 avian taxa with ecological and conservation concerns. By presenting a fairly complete and documented list of the avifauna, we characterize thecarrascoavifauna and offer the tools to evaluate the effects of forest management on this poorly known vegetation type.
Opera as a Moral Vehicle: Situating Bellini's Norma in the Political Complexities of Mid-Nineteenth-Century Buenos Aires
Authors: Wolkowicz Vera 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOn 25 May 1849 Vincenzo Bellini's opera Norma was premiered at the Teatro de la Victoria in Buenos Aires. It was performed four years before the downfall of Juan Manuel de Rosas, Governor of Buenos Aires for more than 20 years, in what it has been considered in Argentine historiography as a ‘terror regime’. The success of the opera combined with the political situation enables the understanding of Norma in political terms. A year prior to the premiere of the opera, the story of the elopement of a young, aristocratic, federal girl, Camila O'Gorman with the priest Uladislao Gutiérrez, had shocked local society. It was followed by another shocking event when, once the couple was found, Rosas decided to have them executed. I argue that the inadvertent similarity between the plot of Norma and the events in relation to Camila O'Gorman's death led to possible interpretations of the opera performance as a justification of Rosas's decision to execute Camila and her lover, whilst also providing a moral lesson to young aristocratic women. In this article, I therefore explore the plausible political overtones hidden in the performance of Norma by comparing librettos and analysing the opera's reception between 1849 and 1851 in the periodicals of the time. In this way, I cast light on a heretofore overlooked, but undeniably rich, period of operatic life in Buenos Aires.
The rule of law and the role of courts
Authors: WALDRON JEREMY 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhat role do courts play in advancing or upholding the political ideal that we call ‘the rule of law’? Does the rule of law require that courts should have authority over all other branches of government, including the legislature? And does it impose constraints on the sort of reasoning and decision-making that courts engage in? This article explores an array of possible answers to these questions, and considers the possibility that the ascendancy of courts in a constitution may represent a form of judicial supremacy that looks remarkably like the uncontrolled rule of men, which the rule of law is supposed to prevent. To preclude that possibility, it is particularly important for courts to recognize that their authority is limited in scope and that they should not be guided by any overall political program other than the program of seeing that constitutional constraints on government are upheld.
Full Propagation of Analytical Uncertainties in Δ47 Measurements
Authors: Daëron Mathieu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClumped‐isotope measurements in CO2 and carbonates (Δ47) present a number of technical challenges and require correcting for various sources of analytical nonlinearity. For now, we lack a formal description of the analytical errors associated with these correction steps, which are not accounted for in most data processing methods currently in use. Here we formulate a quantitative description of Δ47 error propagation, fully taking into account standardization errors and their properties. We find that standardization errors are highly sensitive to the isotopic compositions (δ47, Δ47) of unknown samples relative to the standards used for analytical corrections, and in many cases constitute a non‐negligible source of uncertainty, causing true measurements errors to exceed traditionally reported error estimates by a factor of 1.5 (typically) to 3.5 (in extreme cases). Using Monte Carlo simulations based on the full InterCarb data set, we find that this model yields accurate error estimates in spite of small non‐Gaussian effects which remain entirely negligible in practice. We also describe various standardization strategies, along with the assumptions they rely on, in the context of this model, and propose a new, “pooled” standardization approach designed to yield more robust/accurate corrections. Among other uses, the mathematical framework described here may be helpful to improve standardization protocols (e.g., anchor/unknown ratios) and inform future efforts to define community reference materials. What is more, these models imply that the inter‐laboratory scatter (N = 5,329) observed in the InterCarb exercise (Bernasconi, Daëron, et al., 2021) can be entirely explained as the effects of current standardization procedures. Based on these findings, we recommend that future studies systematically report full analytical uncertainties taking standardization errors into account. In line with this recommendation, we provide user‐friendly online resources and an open‐source Python library designed to facilitate the use of these error models.