bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of hotel architecture in shaping the city’s image
Authors: Strumiłło Krystyna 
Published: November 2021

The elements of the environment are characterized by variability. The structure of the city is also a subject to constant structural, social and material transformations.
Objects in the city can play significant role for urban landscape. In recent years, it can be observed that the architecture of hotels in cities is becoming more and more unique. After years of building similar hotel facilities, architects began to create more and more original forms that attract the attention of passers-by and are remembered. The importance of individual places in the hierarchy of these space is also changing. Hotels are elements thatbuild the image of cities, often becoming their visual dominant. This applies to creating a sculpture in a space that catch attention with its form and play of colors.
The aim of the article is to show, on the example of selected projects, how hotel buildings can shape urban images. The research method is based on the analysis of selected objects and showing their role in shaping the image of the city. The concept of the hotel influences the building of identity. The form of the hotel, the functionality, the materials, and their combination, create the semantic experience for observer. The hotel becomes a ‘story’ narrative that gives visitors or pedestrians a personal feeling of reading architecture.
According to Kevin Lynch (1960:8), the external image we perceive can be analyzed by combining three factors: identity, structure and meaning. Identity is identifying an object, distinguishing it from others, making it exclusive. Thus, fragments of space of greater importance are created in the city, which are shaped in terms of public utility. These areas, having greater value, are also of greater prestige for the city. They add as well the aesthetic energy to the city.
Open-Air Łódź Sculpture Gallery and Its Influence on the City’s Aesthetics in 1972–1978
Authors: Nowakowska Maria 
Published: November 2021

The aim of the paper is to outline the circumstances of the establishment of the Łódź Sculpture Gallery in Rubinstein’s Alley (formerly: Aleja ZMP) and its impact on the aesthetics of Łódź.
Despite the city’s history dating back to the beginning of the 15th century, the first fully-fledged sculpture in public space appeared only in 1912. By the beginning of World War II, the number of sculptures increased to a dozen or so, but all of those works were destroyed by the Germans in the first years of the occupation.
In the period 1945–1970, two monuments and a dozen or so smaller forms appeared. The sculptural face of the city was changed only by the Łódź Sculpture Gallery, which focused on the most important issues of post-war town planning, politics, artistic trends, and social needs. Despite its short period of operation (1972–1978), its effects are still visible almost everywhere in Łódź. Never before and never after has the medium of sculpture been aestheticised on such a scale in the city.
The memory of this place and several dozen sculptures (and of their creators) has almost faded away. Currently, activities are under way to restore the Łódź Sculpture Gallery to its due position in the history of the city and to continue its activities in the same place.
Assessment of Duodenal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Composition (Lymphogram) for Accurate and Prompt Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Camarero Cristina , De Andrés Ana , García-Hoz Carlota , Roldán Belén , Muriel Alfonso , León Francisco , Roy Garbiñe 
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Quantitative and phenotypic analyses of duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) by flow cytometry (IEL lymphogram) confer specificity and enable the diagnosis even in unconventional presentations of celiac disease (CD). To evaluate the validity of the IEL lymphograms in the pediatric population for new insights into their use as biomarkers in the natural history of CD.

METHODS:
We retrospectively included 1,211 children (602 with active CD, 92 on a gluten-free diet, 47 with potential CD, and 470 nonceliac controls) who required duodenal biopsies in this study. The cutoff values for IEL subsets were established to calculate the probability of disease according to the lymphogram.

RESULTS:
A celiac lymphogram (a ≥15% increase in gamma-delta T-cell receptor IELs and a simultaneous ≤6% decrease in CD3 surface-negative [sCD3−]) IELs was strongly associated with the diagnosis of active CD, which was present in 89.7% of the confirmed patients. The remaining 10% of the celiac patients had a partial celiac lymphogram (≥15% increase gamma-delta T-cell receptor IELs or ≤6% decrease in sCD3− IELs), with lower diagnostic certainty. On a gluten-free diet, nearly 20% of the patients were indistinguishable from nonceliac subjects based on the lymphogram. In potential CD, a decrease in sCD3− IELs was a risk marker of progression to villous atrophy and a diagnosis of active CD.

DISCUSSION:
If a biopsy is clinically indicated, the IEL lymphogram adds specificity to the histological findings, reducing diagnostic delays and misdiagnoses. The lymphogram is useful for monitoring the natural progression of the disease and predicting the transition from potential celiac to overt CD.
ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ В СФЕРЕ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ
Authors: Мезвришвили Натела Кобавна 
Published: November 2021

В настоящее время нет общего мнения по вопросу правового регулирования объектов интеллектуальной собственности с использованием искусственного интеллекта. До сих пор дискуссионным остается вопрос о содержательном определении понятия «искусственный интеллект». В статье исследуется вопрос о том, не потребует ли создание творческих произведений и изобретений искусственным интеллектом изменения первичных или вторичных прав либо внесения в них новых ограничений и исключений. Рассмотрена проблема ответственности искусственного интеллекта.
Application of Combined Laser and Compression Therapy on the Pain and Level of Disability on Trigger Points in Upper Trapezius Muscle
Authors: Rezaei Saeed , Shadmehr Azadeh , Bashardoust Tajali Siamak , Attarbashi Moghadam Behrooz , Jalaei Shohreh 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the main causes of disability in modern life. Myofascial trigger points are very common among musculoskeletal disorders and may occur through ordinary common activities. This study aimed to determine the combined effects of laser therapy and Ischemic Compression (IC) on the treatment of Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs) at the upper trapezius muscle.
Materials and Methods: Twenty men with at least one active trigger point at their upper trapezius muscle voluntarily participated in this study. Trigger points were under treatment of laser irradiation (6 Joules per point) and also ischemic compression. Treatment approaches were applied over the pain point every other day for 5 sessions in 10 days. Neck disability index, pain intensity by visual analog scale, pressure pain threshold by algometry, and cervical lateral flexion by goniometer were assessed and recorded before the intervention, and immediately after the last session.
Results: At the end of treatment, statistically significant improvements were seen in the neck disability index, VAS value, pressure pain threshold, and cervical lateral flexion. VAS values of the treatment and control groups were compared with the baseline (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Application of combined laser and compression therapy was effective on the pain and level of disability of patients with trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle.
The Effect of Corrective Feedback Exercise on Knee Kinematics and EMG of Lower Limbs of Female Wushu Players
Authors: Rashidi Fahimeh , Daneshjoo Abdolrasoul , Mousavi Sadati Seyed Kazem 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Recent studies have examined the risk factors associated with lower limb injuries. This study aimed to explore the effect of 12 sessions of feedback corrective exercises on the kinematic indicators of the knee and the Electromyography Activity (EMG) of the muscles of the lower limbs of female wushu players. The present study has a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test/post-test design and a control group.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 16 female wushu players were selected by the available sampling method and placed in two groups of exercise and control. The exercise group performed feedback correction exercises for 12 sessions. Before and after the knee varus exercises, we measured, pelvic drop, and EMG of the lower limb muscles of both groups in the SLS movement. The independent two-sample t-test was used to examine intergroup differences and the two-group correlated t-test was used to compare intra group sizes. To analyze the statistical data, SPSS V. 23 was used (P≤0.05)
Results: The results showed a significant difference in knee varus between the experiment group and the control group in the pre-test and there was a significant difference between the pelvic drop in the pre-test and post-test of the experiment group compared with the control. The angle of the knee varus in the exercise group showed a significant difference with the control group. The EMG results of the muscles in the pre-test and post-test were significantly different.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the feedback correction exercise may improve motion control in wushu players. It also improved neuromuscular weakness in the subjects. According to the results and based on less muscle activity during movements, this exercise will reduce fatigue and the risk of injury.
Test-retest Reliability of EMG β-Band Intermuscular Coherence of Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain During Flexion-extension Task
Authors: Ghazi Salah , Hadian Mohammad Reza , Shadmehr Azadeh , Talebian Saeed , Olyaei Gholamreza , Hajouj Elie 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the reliability and agreement of the Beta-band Intermuscular Coherence (Bb-IMC) as a clinical assessment tool for Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain (NS-CLBP) patients and healthy subjects by studying four phases of the Flexion-Extension Task (F-ET): standing, flexion, relaxation, and extension phases.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four men with NS-CLBP and 20 healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this study. All subjects performed three trials of F-ET while the surface electromyography was recorded from the lumbar erector spinal, gluteus maximus, and hamstring muscles of both sides. Beta-band intermuscular coherence analysis was used to calculate the pool coherence and the pairwise coherence for all mentioned muscles. Afterward, the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) for four phases of F-ET were used to analyze the intra- rater reliability and agreement of the measurements.
Results: The investigation of ICC, SEM, and MDC showed that the reliability was moderate to a high level for pool and pairwise coherence of Bb-IMC in all mentioned muscles for four phases of the flexion-extension task in NS-CLBP patients and healthy subjects. Yet, the agreement was low because the measurement error was relatively large.
Conclusion: So far, no studies have used the Bb-IMC method to study low back pain, which is carried out in our research to check the reliability of this new method. Our findings revealed that pool and pairwise coherence obtained during F-ET have moderate to a high level of reliability for using Bb-IMC and could be considered a tool for the NS-CLBP patients’ assessment. Despite the small sample size investigated, in clinical practice the using Bb-IMC measure can help to study the interaction of corticospinal in NS-CLBP and also in healthy subjects. This measure requires larger sample sizes in addition to studying other circumstances and functional movements such as lifting weight. Further, more research appears to be warranted by the observed effectiveness of a particular intervention in modulation mechanisms of corticospinal tract function by Bb-IMC in NS-CLBP.
Exploring the Relationship Between Speech Motor Control and Phonological Processing in Children Who Stutter and Typically Developed Children
Authors: Salehi Sousan , Maroufizadeh Saman , Soleymani Zahra , Beheshti Seyedeh Zeinab , Bavandi Sheida 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Language processing (especially phonology) and speech motor control are disordered in stuttering. However, it is unclear how they are related based on the models of speech processing. The present study aimed to study non-word repetition, rhyme and alliteration judgment, and speech motor control and investigate their relationship in children who stutter (CWS) compared to typically developed children (TDC).
Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight CWS (mean age=5.46 years) and 28 peers TDC (mean age=5.52 years) participated in this study. Phonological processing, according to the speech processing model, is divided into phonological input and output. Phonological input, phonological output, and speech motor control were assessed by rhyme and alliteration tasks, accurate phonological production during non-word repetition task, and Robbins-Klee oral speech motor protocol, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and Cohen’s d were used for data analysis.
Results: Both non-word repetition and speech motor skills were significantly different in CWS than TDC (P<0.001). But rhyme and alliteration judgment were similar across groups (P>0.001). Phonological processing and speech motor control were not significantly correlated (P>0.001).
Conclusion: Phonological processing (output), a level before articulation, and speech motor control are not correlated, but both are disordered in preschool CWS. Additionally, phonological processing (input) is similar in CWS and TDC. That is, phonological input is not affected by stuttering in CWS.
Effects of Neural Mobilization Techniques on Painand Disabilityin PatientsWith Neurodynamic Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Shamsi Hasan , Khademi-Kalantari Khosro , Okhovatian Farshad 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Neural mobilization is the most important technique used for the treatment of nervous system dysfunction. This study aimed to systematically review and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of neural mobilization techniques in nervous system dysfunctions by assessing Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials (RCTs).
Materials and Methods: We used all English papers published in five electronic databases from 2000 to 2020 using the following keywords: “neural mobilization”, “nerve mobilization”, “physical therapy”, “nerve glide exercises”, “neural stretching”, “neurodynamics”, and “neural physiotherapy”. The full text of the articles identified was reviewed to select papers specifically discussing neural mobilization as a treatment modality. The PEDro scale was used to assess the quality of these trials. The randomized clinical trials were selected that examined the therapeutic effect of neural mobilization.
Results: Twelve RCTs were identified. Five RCTs used the same median nerve tensioning technique in patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). In some studies, the methods of neural mobilization were different. Fourteen papers examined different neurodynamic dysfunctions such as lateral epicondylalgia, radicular neck pain, postoperative spinal surgery, radicular low back pain, and chronic tension-type headache. There is moderate evidence (Level 2) to support distal nerve tensioning and tendon gliding techniques in CTS Also, there was limited (Level 3) and insufficient (Level 4) evidence about using cervical lateral gliding away from their involved side and upper limb tension test mobilization and the use of slump stretches and combinations techniques in the treatment of neurodynamic dysfunction, respectively. Besides, all studies reported a positive effect compared to neutral effects.
Conclusion: Although clinicians frequently use neuromobilization techniques for both diagnosis and treatment of nervous system dysfunctions, the quality assessment of 20 RCTs has shown insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of these techniques in the treatment of nervous system dysfunctions.
Effective Method to Measure and Inspect the Hysteresis Loss of a Transformer
Authors: Chatterjee Arunava , Das Sankar , Chatterjee Debashis 
Published: November 2021

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">This paper presents a study on the significance of source side harmonics and their effects on transformers. Source side harmonics are typically present in power electronic sources which are commonly used in renewable applications. The continued outcome of source side harmonics is observed on the hysteresis curve of a transformer. Single-phase transformers are used in the proposed study to determine the effect of harmonics on magnetization and demagnetization cycles using an electronic operational amplifier-based integrator circuit. A technique is also presented for effectively storing and plotting the hysteresis curve from the measured data. After the hysteresis curve is obtained, it is compared with standard data and a conclusion is obtained from the results about the presence of harmonics in the source. The hysteresis curve is thus found without removing the transformer from operation. The study also proposes a modified hysteresis model for the transformer considering the effect of source harmonics. The proposed study is an effective tool for easy measurement and detection of harmonics. The <em>MATLAB/Simulink</em> based simulations with suitable experiments validate the proposed study.<em></em></span></p>
Buku Ajar Mata Kuliah Perencanaan Dan Perancangan Produk
Authors:   Tedjo Sukmono, Jakaria Ribangun Bambano 
Published: November 2021

Marilah kita senantiasa berucap syukur atas nikmat yang telah diberikan Allah SWT, atas apa yang kita kerjakan hari ini serta Shalawat dan Salam senantiasa kita curahkan kepada nabi akhir jaman nabi besar Muhammad SAW yang telah membuka cakrawala kehidupan manusia yang gelap menjadi terang. Dengan selesainya penulisan buku ajar Perencanaan dan Perancangan Produk ini menjadi salah satu prestasi yang bisa kami torehkan sebagai bentuk kebanggan kami atas apa yang bisa kami kerjakan hari ini. Tentu butuh kesempurnaan dalam menyusun buku ini ke depan. Teriring ucapan terima kasih kami yang tak terhingga kepada orang-orang yang menjadi pendorong selesainya buku ini, selain penulis menyampaikan terimakasih sebesar-besarnya kepada : 1.	Dr. Hindarto, MT. Dekan Fakultas Sain dan Teknologi yang telah memotivasi dan mengarahkan kepada penulis dalam upaya menuntaskan penyusunan buku ajar ini. 2.	Tedjo Sukmono, ST.,MT Kaprodi Teknik Industri yang telah memberi suport dalam penyusunan buku ajar ini. 3.	Rekan-rekan dosen di lingkungan fakultas Sain dan Teknologi khususnyan prodi Teknik Industri yang telah menjadi teman diskusi dan memberikan masukan berarti dalam penyusunan buku ajar ini. Terakhir penulis berharap buku ini memberi manfaat sehingga saran dan kritik sangat penulis harapkan sebagai penyempurna buku ajar Perencanaan dan Perancangan Produk ke depan serta sesuai dengan amanah peraturan perundangan yang ada. Terimakasih.
Influence of Layer Transition Zone on Rainfall-Induced Instability of Multilayered Slope
Authors: Dou Zhi , Liu Yimin , Zhang Xueyi , Wang Yashan , Chen Zhou , Wang Jinguo , Zhou Zhifang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although numerous studies have been paid much attention to rainfall-induced instability of multilayered slopes, the interface between layers is generally considered to be “zero thickness”, and the layer transition zone between layers is neglected. In this study, the influence of the layer transition zone on the rainfall-induced instability of multilayered slope was investigated. A model was developed to simulate the rainfall infiltration process, the distribution of pore water pressure, and the stability of multilayered slope by coupling the unsaturated seepage model and the slope stability analysis method. Based on the analysis of the multilayered slopes with the different thickness ratios of the layer transition zone, a method for determining the critical thickness of the layer transition zone was proposed. The results showed that the layer transition zone had a significant influence on the stability of multilayered slope. It was found that the presence of the layer transition zone in the multilayered slope reduced the hydraulic conductivity of the slope and increased the rate of formation of transient saturated zone, which contributed to excess pore water pressure at the toe of the slope. The analysis of the local factor of safety (LFS) showed that when the thickness ratios of the layer transition zone were between 2.5% and 5%, the corresponding hydraulic conductivity of the slope decreased by 1%-2.5% and the maximum failure area of the slope during the rainfall was 25% of the slope. Our study highlighted the importance of the layer transition zone for the rainfall-induced instability of the multilayered slope.
Cell Free DNA as a Potential Biomarker of Blast-Wave Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Authors: Shaked Gad , Zuckerman Amitai , Kaplan Zeev , Sadot Oren , Douvdevani Amos , Cohen Hagit 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIndividuals being within non-lethal distance from explosion may present with blast induced mild traumatic brain injury, post traumatic stress disorder, or combination of the two conditions. Early diagnosis to enable interventions is important. This study tested the possible role of cell free DNA in the diagnosis of blast related head injuries in a rat model.MethodsA rat controlled model of a blast. Cell free DNA concentrations were determined in the serum by a direct fluorescence method. Cognitive and behavioral tests were used to diagnose affected rats. ResultsMean cell free DNA concentration increased significantly at 2 hours following the blast compared to baseline level and remained high throughout the follow-up period (665.43±159.15 ng/ml vs. 344.20±69.62 ng/ml, p<0.0001). The rate of affected rats among the blast exposed animals was 42.5%. A significant increase in mean cell free DNA concentration was found at 2 hours after exposure in the affected group (741.40±47.18 ng/ml) compared to both the baseline concentration (372.42±149.11 ng/ml), p<0.0001 and to the well-adapted group (517.47 ng/ml), p<0.0045. ConclusionThis rat model of blast demonstrated that the incidence of mild brain injury and or PTSD is significant and that affected animals demonstrated increased serum concentrations of cell free DNA. Cell free DNA may potentially serve as a biomarker to diagnose brain psychopathology early in individuals exposed to blast.