bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype and virulence gene analyses of Bacillus cereus group clinical isolates from the Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Li‐Wu , Rao Shreesha , Poudyal Sayuj , Wang Pei‐Chi , Chen Shih‐Chu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChinese softshell turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) (CST) are susceptible to infections by bacteria belonging to the Bacillus cereus group (Bcg). Bcg includes several closely related species, two of which, B. cereus and B. thuringiensis, are pathogens of aquatic animals or insects. In the present study, we collected 57 Bcg isolates from diseased CST from 2016 to 2019 in Kaohsiung and Pingtung, where most CST farms are located in Taiwan. All isolates were divided into four genotypes with two restriction enzymes, SmaI and NotI, by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus–polymerase chain reaction (ERIC‐PCR). Representative isolates from each genotype were subjected to phylogenetic tree analysis using 16S rDNA and pyruvate carboxylase genes as phylogenetic markers, and these CST isolates appeared in different clades. PCR was performed targeting six selected virulence genes, four of which were detected in CST isolates, including cytotoxin K (1/57), hblC of the haemolysin BL complex (46/57), nheA of the non‐haemolytic enterotoxin complex (52/57) and enterotoxin FM (57/57), whereas cereulide synthetase and cereulide peptide synthase‐like genes were not detected in any isolates.
Fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum as a predictor for metachronous colorectal adenoma after endoscopic polypectomy
Authors: Xue Jin‐Hui , Xie Yuan‐Hong , Zou Tian‐Hui , Qian Yun , Kang Zi‐Ran , Zhou Cheng‐Bei , Pan Si‐Yuan , Xia Tian‐Xue , Chen Ying‐Xuan , Fang Jing‐Yuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimFusobacterium nucleatum is increasingly being recognized as an important risk factor in colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma. Endoscopic polypectomy is associated with a decreased incidence of colorectal cancer; however, patients still suffer from a risk of metachronous adenoma. Currently, there are few effective non‐invasive factors that may predict metachronous colorectal adenoma. Here, we evaluated the performance of F. nucleatum in predicting metachronous adenoma.MethodsFecal samples and clinical information of patients before endoscopic polypectomy were collected from 367 patients in a retrospective cohort, and 238 patients in a prospective cohort. The abundance of fecal F. nucleatum was measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Surveillance colonoscopies were conducted between 1 and 3 years after polypectomy (average follow‐up 27.07 months for the retrospective cohort & 22.57 months for the prospective cohort) to identify metachronous adenoma. Candidate predictive factors and cut‐off value of F. nucleatum abundance were identified from the retrospective cohort and then validated in the prospective cohort.ResultsA high abundance of fecal F. nucleatum was found to be an independent risk factor for metachronous adenomas (odds ratio, 6.38; P < 0.001) in the retrospective cohort and was validated in the prospective cohort with a specificity of 65.00%, and a sensitivity of 73.04%, and an overall performance with the area under the curve of 0.73.ConclusionFecal abundance of F. nucleatum may be a reliable predictor for metachronous adenoma after endoscopic polypectomy.
Parametric representation of the top of income distributions: Options, historical evidence, and model selection
Authors: Hlasny Vladimir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEmpirical distributions of top incomes suffer from statistical problems affecting the measurement of inequality and its trend. Researchers and practitioners have been increasingly noting parametric regularities across income distributions and turning to parametric functions to approximate or supplement the observed distributions, both for descriptive purposes and for correcting distributional statistics derived from data. The proliferation of distinct branches of modeling literature has highlighted the need to compare the alternative modeling options, and develop systematic tools to discriminate between them. This paper reviews the state of methodological and empirical knowledge regarding the adoptable parametric functions, and lists references and statistical programs allowing practitioners to apply these models to microdata in household surveys and administrative registers, or grouped‐records data from national accounts statistics. Implications for modeling the distributions of other economic outcomes including consumption and wealth, and incomes below the topmost tail, are drawn. For incomes, a handful of distribution functions hold promise for modeling the top tails based on theoretical and empirical properties—namely the extreme values distributions, the generalized Pareto, the Singh–Maddala and the generalized beta type 2. Understanding these functions in relation to other commonly invoked alternatives is a contribution of this review.
Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway participates in the effect of miR‐626 on oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting RASSF4
Authors: Cui Sheng‐Hai , Hu Xiao‐Di , Yan Yan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe role of miR‐626 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was investigated by targeting RASSF4.MethodsThe miR‐626 and RASSF4 expression was detected in normal oral mucosa or OSCC tissues and OSCC or normal cells. The methylation status of RASSF4 was analyzed using methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cytoplasmic/nuclear ratios (C/N ratios) targeted by miR‐626 were examined using microarray, followed by a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The subcellular localization of RASSF4 and miR‐626 in OSCC cells was determined using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunocytochemistry (ICC), respectively. Ca9‐22 and HSC2 cells were divided into mock, inhibitor NC, miR‐626 inhibitor, scramble, RASSF4 and miR‐626 mimic + RASSF4 groups, and then CCK‐8, Annexin V‐FITC/PI, wound healing, Transwell, qRT‐PCR and western blotting assays were performed.ResultsOSCC tissues and cells had increased miR‐626 expression and decreased RASSF4 expression. Patients with RASSF4 methylation had lower RASSF4 expression than those without methylation. In addition, a negative correlation between miR‐626 and RASSF4 was found in OSCC tissues, both of which were correlated with the pathological grade, pathological stage, lymph node metastasis and patient prognosis. MiR‐626 targeted RASSF4 in OSCC cells. Overexpressed RASSF4 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of OSCC cells, promoted cell apoptosis, and blocked the Wnt/β‐Catenin pathway, which was reversed by miR‐626 overexpression.ConclusionsInhibiting miR‐626 can regulate the biological characteristics of OSCC cells, including proliferation, invasion, migration, EMT and apoptosis, by targeting RASSF4, which may be related to the Wnt/β‐Catenin pathway.
Training and education, what has changed this last decade?
Authors: Hoekstra Bettie , Amiri Fariba , van Beenen Suzanne , Winkels Bieneke , van Leeuwen Mieke , Hesseling Lilliane , Hoogsteen Anneke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Dutch manual for the best care regarding training and education of our patients, as created by the special interest group for peritoneal dialysis (SIG PD), was revised.ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to describe topics learned from the manual revision, supported by noticed response changes in surveys from 2009 to 2019.DesignQuantitative nursing research, using similar surveys to compare training and education over the last decade. Additionally, a brief search for literature was performed.ParticipantsDutch dialysis nurses.ApproachIn 2009, nurses were approached through an online survey sent to all dialysis centres in the Netherlands. In 2019, a similar survey was distributed during our annual Dutch nephrology days. Both surveys were compared and conclusions were drawn.FindingsRetrieved information was divided into basic topics and compared. More important, our findings show that even after a decade, there is still no special education for the nurses and patient training is given based on experience alone. Furthermore, multiple nurses are involved in patient training, with varying materials. There are more home visits with training at home and retraining is more suitable. A growth in assisted PD implies more involvement by community nurses. Also, more acute PD is seen, with a different structure of training.ConclusionsThe manual was revised with input from our nurses and new guidelines, so we can uplift the education of peritoneal dialysis for the benefit of our patients, caretakers, and community nurses. As SIG PD we can support the dialysis nurses.
“Creatively in Coalition” from Palestine to India: Weaving stories of refusal and community as decolonial praxis
Authors: Atallah Devin G. , Dutta Urmitapa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractColonialism and coloniality constitute the backbone of modernity. Colonial structures/systems are predicated on recurring patterns of domination and violence. Decolonial movements are rehumanizing and abolitionist projects guided by Global South peoples’ reimagining and reclaiming of what it means to be human. Decolonial praxes therefore require transnational efforts to decenter Whitestream academic institutions as hubs of knowledge production. In light of this, we question the boundaries of what we consider to be research in psychology as we walk in the legacies of struggle and survival—of our grandmothers and grandfathers, and so many ancestors who never used the word “decolonial”. Weaving together stories of refusal and community grounded on our work in Palestine and India, we demonstrate how our decolonial strivings require us to continuously rediscover ways of being present, being in struggle, and being human together as we work ‘‘creatively in coalition’’ with our communities. Through our stories of accompaniment, and bringing them into conversation with each other, we disrupt violent, colonially‐configured borders. In our world‐making coalitions and the writing of this article, we turn to a praxis that allows for the revisioning of justice as irresistible and interlinked, ungovernable and in defiance of borders and walls.
Luminal short‐chain fatty acids and 5‐HT acutely activate myenteric neurons in the mouse proximal colon
Authors: Fung Candice , Cools Bert , Malagola Sergio , Martens Tobias , Tack Jan , Kazwiny Youcef , Vanden Berghe Pieter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) function is critically dependent on the control of the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is situated within the gut wall and organized into two ganglionated nerve plexuses: the submucosal and myenteric plexus. The ENS is optimally positioned and together with the intestinal epithelium, is well‐equipped to monitor the luminal contents such as microbial metabolites and to coordinate appropriate responses accordingly. Despite the heightened interest in the gut microbiota and its influence on intestinal physiology and pathophysiology, how they interact with the host ENS remains unclear.MethodsUsing full‐thickness proximal colon preparations from transgenic Villin‐CreERT2;R26R‐GCaMP3 and Wnt1‐Cre;R26R‐GCaMP3 mice, which express a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator in their intestinal epithelium or in their ENS, respectively, we examined the effects of key luminal microbial metabolites (SCFAs and 5‐HT) on the mucosa and underlying enteric neurons.Key ResultsWe show that the SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate, as well as 5‐HT can, to varying extents, acutely elicit epithelial and neuronal Ca2+ responses. Furthermore, SCFAs exert differential effects on submucosal and myenteric neurons. Additionally, we found that submucosal ganglia are predominantly aligned along the striations of the transverse mucosal folds in the proximal colon.Conclusions & InferencesTaken together, our study demonstrates that different microbial metabolites, including SCFAs and 5‐HT, can acutely stimulate Ca2+ signaling in the mucosal epithelium and in enteric neurons.
Early adverse life events and post‐traumatic stress disorder in patients with constipation and suspected disordered defecation
Authors: Hendrix Justin , Ranginani Dheeksha , Montero Anne Mary , Lockett Carolyn , Xu Huiping , James‐Stevenson Toyia , Shin Andrea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly adverse life events (EALs) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Disordered defecation (DD) presents with symptoms of IBS or functional constipation (FC) and is associated with psychological distress. However, the role of trauma and stress in chronic constipation is poorly defined. We aimed to examine EALS, PTSD, and psychological symptoms in patients with constipation and suspected DD.MethodsWe conducted a survey study among adults with constipation who completed anorectal manometry (ARM) and balloon expulsion testing (BET). Data were collected on socio‐demographics, EALs, PTSD, bowel symptoms, quality of life, and anxiety and depression. We performed comparisons between individuals with normal versus abnormal ARM or BET, subgroup analysis by detailed ARM and BET findings, and latent class analysis using individual EAL domains.Key ResultsAmong 712 eligible patients, 69 completed the study. EALs and provisional PTSD were present in 75.4% and 27.5%, respectively; rates did not differ between those with normal versus abnormal ARM or BET. Normal testing was associated with higher rates of specific EAL domains (emotional abuse and mental illness), higher depression scores, and poorer mental component scores in both primary and subgroup comparisons (all p < 0.05). Normal testing was associated with a lower likelihood of high‐EAL latent class (p = 0.01) membership. Presence of IBS or FC did not influence associations.Conclusions & InferencesEarly adverse life events and PTSD are prevalent in patients with constipation and suspected DD. Those with normal ARM and BET have higher rates of prior emotional abuse and poorer mental health.
Giant cell tumor of bone – Analysis of 213 cases involving extra‐craniofacial bones
Authors: Konishi Eiichi , Outani Hidetatsu , Mano Masayuki , Nagata Shigenori , Shirai Toshiharu , Naka Norifumi , Hori Yumiko , Takenaka Satoshi , Haga Hironori , Toguchida Junya , Kakunaga Shigeki , Kuwae Yuko , Hoshi Manabu , Inoue Takeshi , Aono Masanari , Morinaga Yukiko , Nakashima Yasuaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe elucidated clinicopathological characteristics of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in Japan, and significant clinicopathological factors for predicting local recurrence. Clinicopathological profiles of 213 patients with GCTB (100 male, 113 female) involving extra‐craniofacial bones were retrieved. Pathological slides obtained at the initial surgery were reviewed. Fourteen pathological and five clinical features were statistically analyzed to disclose prognostic significance. Patient age ranged from 12–80 years (Average 38.7). Long bones were most frequently affected (86.4%), especially around the knee (62.9%). Histological features are basically similar to those previously reported. Within a follow‐up period (24–316 months, average 106.1 months), the local recurrence rate is 29.1%. Metastasis has occurred in 9 patients. Cox regression analysis of representative clinicopathological features shows that younger age, higher mitotic count, smaller zones of stromal hemorrhage, considerable vascular invasion and absence of ischemic necrosis are significant predictors for local recurrence. Initial operative method (curettage) is a significant risk factor in univariate analysis but not by multivariate analysis (P = 0.053). Denosumab administration increases risk but not significantly (P = 0.053). Histone 3.3 G34W immunopositivity is not significant for predicting local recurrence.
The Impact of Including Advantaged Groups in Collective Action Against Social Inequality on Politicized Identification of Observers From Disadvantaged and Advantaged Groups
Authors: Kutlaca Maja , Radke Helena R. M. , Becker Julia C. 
Published: June 2021

Mobilizing public support is key to a movement's success. Little is known, however, about how movements can achieve this goal and whether involving advantaged group members is beneficial for a movement's cause. In a set of five experiments with convenience samples collected in the United States and Germany (total N = 1,625), we examined whether protests (e.g., against racism and sexism) with and without advantaged group members affect politicized identification among observers. We expected that the presence (vs. absence) of advantaged group members at a protest will increase politicized identification among advantaged group observers, which was confirmed in Studies 1A–1C. In contrast, we expected that the disadvantaged group observers will increase or decrease their politicized identification depending on the role advantaged group members have at a protest (i.e., supportive vs. leadership role). Studies 2A–2B revealed that when advantaged group members had a supportive role, disadvantaged and advantaged group observers increased their politicized identification, but this effect was absent when they had a leadership role. Moreover, including advantaged group members in a protest increased the belief that solidarity is a normative behavior and the expectations that a protest will be peaceful among observers. Implications for research on allyship are discussed.
Stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience—The effects of naturalistic periods of elevated stress: A measurement‐burst study
Authors: Lines Robin L. J. , Ducker Kagan J. , Ntoumanis Nikos , Thøgersen‐Ntoumani Cecilie , Fletcher David , Gucciardi Daniel F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStress is an important consideration for understanding why individuals take part in limited or no physical activity. The negative effects of stress on physical activity do not hold for everyone, so examinations of possible resilience resources that might protect individuals from the harmful effects of stress are required. Accordingly, we conducted a measurement‐burst study with 53 university students over a 6‐month period to examine the dynamics among stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience resources. Participants completed three bursts of 6 days, with each burst separated by an 8‐week gap. Expectations regarding the moderating effects of resilience resources were unsupported. Daily reports of academic and general stress were positively associated with sedentary behavior and negatively associated with light and moderate intensity physical activity. Hair cortisol concentration significantly moderated the association between academic stress and sedentary behavior, such that in bursts where cortisol was lower the daily positive association between stress and sedentary behavior was weaker. The finding that academic and general stress are dynamically associated with lower levels of light and moderate intensity physical activity and higher levels of sedentary behavior is an important extension to previous research, which has relied mainly on cross‐sectional designs and self‐report methods. Future research might examine resilience resources that are specific to the outcomes of interest rather than rely on generic resources.
Explaining Conspiracy Beliefs and Scepticism around the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Gemenis Kostas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPublic opinion on COVID‐19 provides new empirical evidence for the debate on the ideological contours of conspiracy theories. I report findings from a web survey in Greece where participants were recruited via paid advertising on Facebook and the study sample was adjusted for age, gender, education, domicile, and region of residence using a nationally representative reference sample. I find that beliefs about conspiracy theories are more correlated than the values associated with established political ideologies, and that conspiracy beliefs and scepticism about the pandemic are best explained by belief in unrelated political and medical conspiracy theories. No other demographic or attitudinal variable has such a strong influence, and the results are robust to different statistical specifications. In comparison, the effect of ideology measured by left‐right self‐placement is rather negligible and further moderated by trust in government. The results have implications for the strategies aimed at fighting disinformation during public health emergencies.
Reconstituted cryopreserved platelets synthesize proteins during short‐term storage and packaging a defined subset into microvesicles
Authors: Schubert Peter , Johnson Lacey , Culibrk Brankica , Chen Zhongming , Tan Shereen , Marks Denese C. , Devine Dana V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCryopreservation of platelets (PLTs) could allow extension of their shelf‐life to years, compared to days for liquid stored platelets. Due to their greater hemostatic effect, reconstituted cryopreserved platelets (cryo‐PLTs) would be able to support bleeding emergencies. Since protein synthesis has been linked to PLT functions, such as clot formation and immune responses, the translational capacity of reconstituted cryo‐PLTs was assessed upon thawing and short‐term storage.Methods/materialsPlatelets were frozen at −80°C with 5–6% DMSO. Upon thawing, they were reconstituted in plasma and then aliquoted (12 ml) into mini‐bags and assessed over 24 h of storage at RT. One series served as control; the second and third series were spiked with either 300 μM puromycin (Pm) or 227 nM biotin‐labeled Pm. Samples were tested for in vitro quality and PLT microvesicle enumeration by flow cytometry. Protein synthesis in cryo‐PLTs was assessed using a modified method based on puromycin‐associated nascent chain proteomics.ResultsIn vitro parameters of reconstituted and subsequently stored platelets were consistent with previously published results. Mass‐spectrometry analyses identified that 22 proteins were synthesized in PLTs and 13 of those were observed in platelet microvesicles (PMVs).ConclusionCryo‐PLTs can synthesize proteins upon reconstitution and storage. Discovery of a subset of these proteins in the PMV suggests a role in vesicle encapsulation, possibly in a selective manner. This observation provides novel insights into the capacity for protein synthesis in cryo‐PLTs and the potential regulation of protein packaging into PMV.