bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace-element segregation to dislocation loops in experimentally heated zircon
Authors: Peterman Emily M. , Reddy Steven M. , Saxey David W. , Fougerouse Denis , Quadir M. Zakaria , Jercinovic Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the mechanisms driving nanoscale trace element mobility in radiation-damaged zircon, we analyzed two well-characterized Archean zircons from the Kaapvaal Craton (southern Africa): one zircon remained untreated and the other was experimentally heated in the laboratory at 1450 °C for 24 h. Atom probe tomography (APT) of the untreated zircon reveals homogeneously distributed trace elements. In contrast, APT of the experimentally heated zircon shows that Y, Mg, Al, and Pb+Yb segregate to a set of two morphologically and crystallographically distinct cluster populations that range from 5 nm tori to 25 nm toroidal polyhedra, which are confirmed to be dislocation loops by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dislocation loops lie in {100} and {001} planes; the edges are aligned with &lt;100&gt;, &lt;101&gt;, and &lt;001&gt;. The largest loops (up to 25 nm diameter) are located in {100} and characterized by high concentrations of Mg and Al, which are aligned with &lt;001&gt;. The 207Pb/206Pb measured from Pb atoms located within all of the loops (0.264 ± 0.025; 1σ) is consistent with present-day segregation and confirms that the dislocation loops formed during our experimental treatment. These experimentally induced loops are similar to clusters observed in zircon affected by natural geologic processes. We interpret that differences in cluster distribution, density, and composition between experimentally heated and geologically affected zircon are a function of the radiation dose, the pressure-temperature-time history, and the original composition of the zircon. These findings provide a framework for interpreting the significance of clustered trace elements and their isotopic characteristics in zircon. Our findings also suggest that the processes driving cluster formation in zircon can be replicated under laboratory conditions over human timescales, which may have practical implications for the mineralogical entrapment of significant nuclear elements.
Thermodynamic, elastic, and vibrational (IR/Raman) behavior of mixed type-AB carbonated hydroxylapatite by density functional theory
Authors: Ulian Gianfranco , Moro Daniele , Valdrè Giovanni 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present investigation reports the equation of state, thermodynamic, and thermoelastic properties of type AB carbonated apatite [CAp-AB, Ca10(CO3)B(PO4)5(CO3)A, space group P1], as obtained from density functional theory simulations and the quasi-harmonic approximation. The static (0 K) third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state resulted in the parameters K0 = 104.3(8) GPa, K′ = 4.3(1), and V0 = 517.9(2) Å3, whereas at room temperature (300 K) they were KT = 101.98 GPa, K′ = 4.12, and V0 = 524.486 GPa. Thermodynamics and thermoelasticity were calculated in the temperature range 0–800 K and between 0 and 30 GPa.Furthermore, the dependence of the infrared/Raman spectra of type-AB carbonated apatite with pressure is also reported, which could be useful for researchers interested in vibrational spectroscopy. The theoretical results corroborate the few experimental ones on a similar type-AB carbonated hydroxylapatite and provide further details over wide pressure and temperature ranges on the elastic, thermodynamic, and infrared/Raman properties of this important mineral found in both geological and biological environments.
Extraction of bioavailable phosphorus in soils and sediments using an ultrasonic washing machine
Authors: Ka Ling Ting , Yokota Kuriko , Saga Makoto , Inoue Takanobu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For improving the management of watershed eutrophication, methods for measuring bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) are more important than measurements of total phosphorus (TP). BAP in particulate form (P-BAP) is an important substance that promotes eutrophication, especially during rainy seasons. Only a portion of particulate phosphorus (PP) is taken up by algae that contribute to eutrophication. Erosion and runoff associated with rainfall transport PP bound to sediments and soil particles to surface waters, thus increasing PP concentration. This research evaluated an extraction method using an ultrasonic washing machine for extraction time and frequency. Extraction at a frequency of 28–45 kHz and an extraction time of 1 min resulted in extracted P concentrations almost the same as concentrations extracted using conventional methods. This new method requires less time and is more efficient than conventional methods because it extracts P from multiple samples in a single step. Results indicate that extraction using an ultrasonic washing machine is a promising method for rapidly obtaining BAP from sediments and soil particles.
Generation of active Co(III) and peroxodiphosphate by synergistic electrocatalytic system with phosphate and the mediator cobalt(II) and its degradation performance
Authors: Li Dongmei , Li Wenjie , Zhang Quan , Wang Yizhi , Lin Hongyu , Feng Li , Li Shaoxiu , Deng Yue , Xiao Qiurong , Chen Jiongxi , Dong Qi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The promising synergistic electrocatalytic system of phosphate (PO43−) with the mediator cobalt(II) (for short E-Co(II)-PO43−) was employed to degrade cationic dye methylene blue (MB). The exploration in the electrocatalytic process revealed that the main intermediate active oxidation products were Co(III), accompanied with hydroxyl radicals and peroxodiphosphates (P2O84−). Their synergistic electrocatalytic degradation rate to MB and total organic carbon (TOC) was up to 100 and 60% in 40 min, respectively, which was 5 times and 2.6 times that in a direct electrocatalytic system, correspondingly. The degradation process of the E-Co(II)-PO43− system on MB started with the bond being broken at the N-C junction of the MB molecule and intermediate active oxidation substances being generated, such as phenothiazine, 2-amino-5-(N-methylformamide) benzene sulfonic acid and N1,N1-dimethyl-1,4 diaminobenzene. Then, the intermediates were degraded into aniline, phenol and benzene sulfonic acid, and eventually decomposed into inorganic substances like CO2 and water. The electrocatalytic degradation mechanism of E-Co(II)-PO43− system on MB was the combination of indirect oxidation of the intermediate oxidants like Co(III), P2O84− and the hydroxyl radical with direct electrocatalysis on the platinum titanium electrode, where the electrocatalytic oxidation of Co(III) was dominant.
Numerical study on dynamic behavior of entrapped air in a partially filled pipe
Authors: Guo Hengliang , Guo Ye , Huang Biao , Liu Jiachun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rapid filling in horizontal partially filled pipes with entrapped air may result in extreme pressure transients. This study advanced the current understanding of dynamic behavior of entrapped air above tailwater (the initial water column with a free surface in a partially filled pipe) through rigid-column modeling and sensitivity analysis of system parameters. Water and air were considered as incompressible fluid and ideal gas, respectively, and the continuity and momentum equations for water and a thermodynamic equation for air were solved by using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of system parameters were examined in detail, including tailwater depth, entrapped air volume, driving head, pipe friction, and relative length of entrapped air and pipe. The results indicate that the presence of tailwater can mitigate the peak pressure when with identical initial volumes of entrapped air, as it can be considered to reflect a certain amount of loss of the net driving head. However, the peak pressure can increase as much as about 45% for the cases with fixed pipe length, due to the reduction in the initial entrapped air volume. The rise time for the first peak pressure was closely related to pipe friction, whereas the oscillation period (defined as the time duration between the first and second peaks) was virtually irrelevant. The applicability of the rigid-column model was discussed, and a time scale relevant indicator was proposed. When the indicator is larger than 20, the relative difference between the peak pressure estimation and experimental measurements is generally below 5%.
Cultivation of energy microalga Chlorella vulgaris with low–toxic sludge extract
Authors: Chen Xiurong , Wang Shanshan , Sun Xiaoli , Lu Quanling 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in different proportions of activated sludge extracts, which was from the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing tetrachlorophenol. The growth period of C. vulgaris could be shortened for about 10 days when sludge extract was mixed into BG11 culture substrate, and the growth of C. vulgaris was promoted during the period of adaptation and logarithmic period. In the stable and decay period, when the proportion of sludge extract increased to 50%, cell proliferation was inhibited. There was an evident positive correlation between the total and average amount of starch polysaccharide with sludge concentration. When C. vulgaris was cultivated with pure sludge extracts, the total amount of starch and polysaccharide was up to 103 and 125 mg/L. Therefore, the low-toxic sludge extracts were more beneficial to the accumulation of carbohydrates. In the 100% sludge extracts culture medium, chlorophyll-a in C. vulgaris was accumulated to 30.2 mg/L on the 25th day. Through the analysis of algal cells' ultrastructures, it was shown that the photosynthesis was strengthened greatly with low-toxic sludge extracts. The results show that the rich heterotrophic carbon source in the sludge extract can be used as an excellent medium for Chlorella. It provides new ideas for the harmless utilization of surplus sludge as a resource. At the same time, the use of nutrients in the sludge extract to cultivate Chlorella is of great significance to low-cost algae cultivation.
The Benzydamine Experience: A Systematic Review of Benzydamine Abuse
Authors: Chiappini Stefania , Miuli Andrea , Mosca Alessio , Pettorruso Mauro , Guirguis Amira , Corkery John Martin , Martinotti Giovanni , Di Giannantonio Massimo , Schifano Fabrizio 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs recently emerged
among novel psychoactive substances (NPS) being reported as ingested for recreational purposes.
Among them, benzydamine (BZY), normally prescribed as an OTC anti-inflammatory drug, is reportedly
being diverted and recreationally used.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate how the misuse of BZY has been reported, illustrating
its psychotropic molecular mechanism, and studying its psychopathological effects.

Methods:
We firstly conducted a systematic review of the literature concerning the abuse of BZY
and its effects. For data gathering purposes, both PRISMA and PROSPERO guidelines were followed.
All research methods were approved by PROSPERO (identification code
CRD42020187266). Second, we analysed BZY-related data from the European Monitoring Agency
(EMA) Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) database recorded during 2005-2020 regarding its
abuse.

Results:
Eleven articles, published during 1997-2019, were included in our systematic review, including
five case reports, four surveys, and two retrospective case series analyses. While nine articles
dealt with the recreational use of BZY, two described an oral overdose of the drug. When specified,
dosages of BZY consumed ranged from 500 to 1500mg. The EMA dataset contained three
cases of BZY abuse.

Conclusion:
Results from the systematic review showed BZY might be diverted for typical hallucinogenic
properties occurring at high dosages. Healthcare professionals should be warned about a
possible misuse/abuse of a commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory drug and be vigilant when prescribing
it. Physicians working in emergency units should know that psychotic symptoms may be
related to BZY abuse.
PTSD in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Chamaa Farah , Bahmad Hisham F. , Darwish Batoul , Kobeissi Jana M. , Hoballah Malak , Nassif Sibell Bou , Ghandour Yara , Saliba Jean-Paul , Lawand Nada , Abou-Kheir Wassim 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In December 2019, Wuhan City in Hubei Province, China witnessed an
outbreak of a novel type of coronavirus (COVID-19), named severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The sharp rise in the number of infected cases and the surge spike in
fatalities worldwide prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare this rapid outbreak
a global pandemic in March 2020. The economic, health, and social ramifications of COVID-19 induced
fear and anxiety all over the world.

Objective:
The purpose of this review is to discuss how precautionary measures and restrictions imposed
by governments, such as quarantines, lockdowns, and social distancing, have not only caused
economic losses, but also a rise in mental health problems specifically post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD).

Methods:
A deep comprehensive review of the relevant literature regarding the pandemic and its
debilitating consequences on the psychological status of the public was performed.

Results:
This review illustrates that the pandemic had a traumatic impact on the psychological functioning
of the public, particularly COVID-19 survivors, older adults, and healthcare workers, due to
difficulties in coping with new realities and uncertainties.

Conclusion:
In this review, we have discussed the psychological implications of this pandemic and
we have provided an extensive background for understanding options regarding PTSD management
in healthy individuals and those with preexisting conditions.
Neurocognitive Assessment Tools for Military Personnel With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Jones Chelsea , Harasym Jessica , Miguel-Cruz Antonio , Chisholm Shannon , Smith-MacDonald Lorraine , Brémault-Phillips Suzette 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) occurs at a higher frequency among military personnel than among civilians. A common symptom of mTBIs is cognitive dysfunction. Health care professionals use neuropsychological assessments as part of a multidisciplinary and best practice approach for mTBI management. Such assessments support clinical diagnosis, symptom management, rehabilitation, and return-to-duty planning. Military health care organizations currently use computerized neurocognitive assessment tools (NCATs). NCATs and more traditional neuropsychological assessments present unique challenges in both clinical and military settings. Many research gaps remain regarding psychometric properties, usability, acceptance, feasibility, effectiveness, sensitivity, and utility of both types of assessments in military environments.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to explore evidence regarding the use of NCATs among military personnel who have sustained mTBIs; evaluate the psychometric properties of the most commonly tested NCATs for this population; and synthesize the data to explore the range and extent of NCATs among this population, clinical recommendations for use, and knowledge gaps requiring future research.MethodsStudies were identified using MEDLINE, Embase, American Psychological Association PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Psych Article, Scopus, and Military & Government Collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, thematic analysis, and the Randolph Criteria. Narrative synthesis and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guided the reporting of findings. The psychometric properties of NCATs were evaluated with specific criteria and summarized.ResultsOf the 104 papers, 33 met the inclusion criteria for this scoping review. Thematic analysis and NCAT psychometrics were reported and summarized.ConclusionsWhen considering the psychometric properties of the most commonly used NCATs in military populations, these assessments have yet to demonstrate adequate validity, reliability, sensitivity, and clinical utility among military personnel with mTBIs. Additional research is needed to further validate NCATs within military populations, especially for those living outside of the United States and individuals experiencing other conditions known to adversely affect cognitive processing. Knowledge gaps remain, warranting further study of psychometric properties and the utility of baseline and normative testing for NCATs.
Presentación de la sección monográfica “Consumo y modernización en la semiperiferia europea”
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Carlos J. 
Published: January 2021

La sección monográfica que se presenta aquí tiene como tema de análisis la sociedad de consumo y, en concreto, la diversidad existente en los procesos históricos de construcción de dicha sociedad de consumo. El consumo es uno de los fenómenos sociales más relevantes en nuestra época, pues el acceso cada vez mayor de la población a la posibilidad de consumir representa uno de los elementos definitorios de la sociedad contemporánea: a lo largo de las últimas décadas, cada vez mayores capas de la población mundial han tenido un acceso creciente al consumo, lo que constata no solamente un indudable aumento del nivel de vida sino cambios de enorme calado en términos de estilos de vida (Alonso, 2004; Warde, 2017).
The role of social movements in the ‘second incorporation’ of popular sectors in Bolivia and Argentina
Authors: Padoan Enrico 
Published: January 2021

Latin American ‘Pink Tide’ has been functionally interpreted as a ‘second wave of incorporation’ of the popular sectors in the polity domain after their ‘disincorporation’ and/or exclusion by authoritarian regimes and/or neoliberal reforms. This contribution proposes a comparative analysis of the roles played by social movements in Bolivian and Argentinean “second incorporations”, by relying on fifty in-depth interviews with partisan and movement leaders in both countries, in order to assess the different characteristics and consequences of the processes of “second incorporation” in the two countries. The paper argues that the extent to which such actors provide an encompassing representation of ‘excluded sectors’ is key to understand how different forms of political incorporation shaped different ‘social blocs’ either supporting or contrasting progressive political projects in power, and eventually created the conditions, in the medium term, for the electoral rise of right-wing opponents.
Methodology of Strategic Planning For the Development of Educational Ecosystems
Authors: Permyakov O. E. , Kitin E. A. 
Published: January 2021

The growing economic, social and digital inequality in the world, turbulence of economic and social processes lead to disorientation of educational organizations in development priorities. There are threats of stagnation and lag in the development of educational organizations, ineffective use of resources. The active development of ideas for sustainable development and the digital transformation of socio-economic relations induce educational organizations to revise long-term development programs. The study is aimed at solving the urgent problem of uncertainty in the strategic planning of the development of educational organizations in the context of digital transformation, socio-economic instability, challenges of the 21st century and new requirements for a specialist. The analysis of the studies showed that the professional community is actively discussing educational ecosystems of different types, based on the relationship between the participants and digital educational technologies. The methodology of strategic planning for the development of educational ecosystems presented in the work is considered as a complex of scientific methods: system analysis, classification, personality-oriented and ecosystem approaches. In the context of the concept of continuous, sustainable development, the educational ecosystem should be considered as a complex self-organizing, self-regulating and self-developing community — a group of people united by common interests, using common resources and a system of connections for learning and development. Using the example of the RANEPA North-West Institute of Management, it is shown that the use of the ecosystem approach for strategic development planning allows you to get the most complete and holistic view of the educational organization, its environment and role in the development of society. The methodology of strategic planning for the development of educational ecosystems allows: to create better models for the development than the generally accepted models of managing the educational process; develop an “ecosystem” strategy for the development of an educational organization; avoid costs and waste of resources in the context of digital transformation and dynamic changes in social relations.
How to Reduce the Cybersecurity Breach Contagion Effect
Authors: Kelton Andrea Seaton 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
This article discusses a recent study titled “Do voluntary disclosures mitigate the cybersecurity beach contagion effect?” (Kelton and Pennington 2020). The study finds voluntary cybersecurity disclosures can provide firms protection from contagion effects, a phenomenon where the negative impact of a cybersecurity breach at an industry peer firm spills over to other bystander firms in the same industry. This article offers practical implications of the study for financial reporting executives, boards of directors, and auditors.
Mitigating Advocacy Bias: The Effect of the Reviewer Role on Tax Professional Judgment
Authors: Marshall Mary E. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This study examines the effect of the reviewer role on tax professionals' advocacy bias. Prior research establishes the prevalence of advocacy bias and focuses on whether reviewers can detect preparers' advocacy bias; however, this study examines whether the reviewer role influences tax professionals' judgment and decision-making processes. In an experiment randomly assigning 75 tax professionals to the reviewer and preparer roles, I find professionals who occupy the reviewer role report similar advocacy attitudes to preparers but are significantly less likely to exhibit advocacy bias than preparers. Reviewers also employ a more consistent decision process than those in a preparer role. Results highlight the reviewer role as a moderator of advocacy bias, demonstrating the importance of the reviewer role for firms and clients. Understanding the effects of review responsibilities on professionals at all levels is increasingly important as firms leverage emerging technology to complete tasks traditionally assigned to less experienced professionals.
Tax Return Analysis in a Fraud Examination: The Case of the Bankruptcy Auditor
Authors: O'Bryan David W. , Quirin Jeffrey J. , Goedeke Mary Jo 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The tax return is often a key piece of evidence in a forensic accounting engagement. Forensic accounting students need to understand what a tax return can tell its reader about the taxpayer. This case is designed for an introductory or advanced course in fraud examination or forensic accounting. Students are placed in the hypothetical role of a person beginning a job as a bankruptcy auditor with the United States Trustee Program. The bankruptcy auditor must utilize two consecutive years of tax returns to determine the primary sources of income and assets for the debtor. Information from the tax returns will be compared to the bankruptcy petition to identify red flags that could indicate the debtor has committed fraud or abuse of the bankruptcy process. Successful completion of this case requires students to integrate skills from auditing, taxation, business law, and forensic accounting and communicate findings in a written report.