bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Scale Synthesis of Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Banana Peel Extracts and Their Inhibitory Effects against Colletotrichum sp., Isolate KUFC 021, Causal Agent of Anthracnose on Dendrobium Orchid
Authors: T-Thienprasert Nattanan Panjaworayan , T-Thienprasert Jiraroj , Ruangtong Jittiporn , Jaithon Thitiradsadakorn , Srifah Huehne Pattana , Piasai Onuma 
Published: October 2021

Fungicides have been extensively used to control fungal diseases that affect several crops including ornamental crops. However, concerns have arisen due to a development of fungicide resistance and increasing incidences of fungicide toxicity effects on nontarget organisms. As zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity, this study is therefore aimed at synthesizing ZnO NPs from banana peels using a green chemistry method in a large scale and determines their physical properties including their inhibitory effects against a plant pathogen fungus causing anthracnose in orchids, Colletotrichum sp. Results from X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope indicated that the synthesized ZnO NPs were obtained without other crystalline impurities, and they were spherical in shape with the average diameter of

256
±
40

nm

, respectively. The absorption peak was found to be centered at ~370 nm with the optical band gap value approximately 2.8 eV. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of several functional groups on synthesized ZnO NPs. The total amount of synthesized ZnO NPs was obtained about 170 g for a synthesis reaction. By performing the antifungal activity assay, high doses of green synthesized ZnO NPs significantly inhibited growth of isolated Colletotrichum sp. (KUFC 021) on culture plates. Under greenhouse conditions, high doses of synthesized ZnO NPs also significantly reduced anthracnose symptoms on inoculated orchid leaves with the Colletotrichum sp. (KUFC 021).
Accountable Creatures: Primatt’s Dissertation, the Religious Enlightenment, and the Origins of Animal Rights
Authors: Segev Ran 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Outside the field of animal studies, Humphrey Primatt’s Duty of Mercy has received little attention. This article offers a new perspective on his work by contextualizing Primatt’s ecological worldview within Enlightenment debates about the “essence of mankind.” I argue that Primatt’s call to extend “rights” to all creatures was a deliberate attempt to redraw the contested borders between humans and animals by privileging morality over other characteristics of humanity. The article shows how Primatt, an Anglican vicar, incorporated contemporary ideologies and knowledge into Christian teachings in order to formulate his anthropocentric argument and transform the nature of human-animal interactions.
Simsphere: A Downloadable Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere–Transfer (SVAT) Model for Teaching and Research
Authors: Carlson Toby N. , Person Arthur A. , Canich Thomas J. , Petropoulos George P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Simsphere, a soil–vegetation–atmosphere–transfer (SVAT) model developed at The Pennsylvania State University, can be downloaded from the web for use by students and researchers. In existence for several decades, Simsphere has figured in both the classroom and in research at several universities. As such, Simsphere has been supported by a knowledgeable group of academic users and has been applied in a variety of applications, such as in remote sensing of surface soil water content and in the assessment of water and ozone stresses on plants. This paper describes the model and how it can be downloaded and run.
Increase in Motor Vehicle Crash Severity: An Unforeseen Consequence of COVID-19
Authors: Kaufman Elinore J. , Holena Daniel , Koenig George , Martin Niels D. , Maish George O. , Moran Benjamin J. , Ratnasekera Asanthi , Stawicki Stanislaw P. , Timinski Marie , Brown Joshua 
Published: October 2021

Introduction The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to stay-at-home (SAH) orders in Pennsylvania targeted at reducing viral transmission. Limitations in population mobility under SAH have been associated with decreased motor vehicle collisions (MVC) and related injuries, but the impact of these measures on severity of injury remains unknown. The goal of this study is to measure the incidence, severity, and outcomes of MVC-related injuries associated with SAH in Pennsylvania. Materials & Methods We conducted a retrospective geospatial analysis of MVCs during the early COVID-19 pandemic using a state-wide trauma registry. We compared characteristics of patients with MVC-related injuries admitted to Pennsylvania trauma centers during SAH measures (March 21-July 31, 2020) with those from the corresponding periods in 2018 and 2019. We also compared incidence of MVCs for each zip code tabulation area (ZCTA) in Pennsylvania for the same time periods using geospatial mapping. Results Of 15,550 trauma patients treated during the SAH measures, 3486 (22.4%) resulted from MVCs. Compared to preceding years, MVC incidence decreased 10% under SAH measures with no change in mortality rate. However, in ZCTA where MVC incidence decreased, there was a 16% increase in MVC injury severity. Conclusions Stay-at-home orders issued in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania were associated with significant changes in MVC incidence and severity. Identifying such changes may inform resource allocation decisions during future pandemics or SAH events.
Fall, Crush, Kick: Mechanisms and Outcomes in a Cohort of Equine-Related Injuries
Authors: Bhade Pratik , Parsons Amelia , Smiley Abbey , Shreffler Jacob , Nash Nick , Baker Jeffrey , Harbrecht Brian , Huecker Martin 
Published: October 2021

Introduction The potential for significant traumatic injury to individuals who interact with horses remains high due to animal size, forces applied, and unpredictability. Despite an estimated 30 million riders in the United States annually, few recent publications have addressed this patient population. Objectives This study describes characteristics of patients injured in interactions with horses, focusing on mechanism of injury and use of protective equipment. Methods We queried our institution’s trauma registry for all patients admitted for equine-related injuries (ERI) between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017. We categorized by specific mechanism of injury (fall, crush, kick, fall + crush, and fall + kick) and presence or absence of protective devices. Results We discovered 143 patients admitted for injuries in equine-related accidents. Patients averaged 49.2 years old, and 62.2% were female. Crush injuries resulted in a high rate of rib fractures. Riders who were kicked had an increased chance of solid organ and facial injuries and falls most commonly led to rib fractures and extremity trauma. Despite lack of documentation on most subjects, protective devices were associated with less severe injuries in those with data (n = 36). Conclusions In this relatively large series of patients with ERI, we found mechanism differences within injury groups. Providers should more carefully document specific circumstances of ERIs. All individuals working with or around horses should exercise prudence and consider using protective equipment.
Joseph Murray: Pioneering Plastic Surgeon and Father of the First Organ Transplant
Authors: Deivasigamani Shruthi , Phillips Benjamin , Yeo Charles J. , Tholey Renee M. 
Published: October 2021

Dr. Joseph Murray was a plastic surgeon who is best known for performing the first successful human organ transplant. After graduating from Harvard Medical School and completing a surgical internship at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Murray enlisted in the US Army Medical Corp and spent 5 years at Valley Forge General Hospital treating World War II soldiers injured in combat. He treated hundreds of burn victims with skin grafts and took an interest in the variable process of graft rejection based on both the patient’s relation to the graft donor and the patient’s level of immunocompetency. His work at Valley Forge set the stage for his research investigating the feasibility of kidney transplantation and immunosuppression. He went on to perform the first successful kidney transplant between identical twins in 1954, between fraternal twins in 1959, and between an unrelated donor and recipient in 1962. For his efforts, he was awarded the 1990 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
The Correlation Between Click-Evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses and Future Behavioral Thresholds Determined Using Universal Newborn Hearing Screening
Authors: Cheng Ting-Yu , Tsai Ching-Fang , Luan Chih-Wei 
Published: October 2021

This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the correlation between click-evoked auditory brainstem responses and behavioral hearing tests. We recruited a total of 16646 infants born in Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Taiwan, from 2012 to 2018 for such assessment purpose. Their data including the click-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR), referral, and diagnostic follow-up were collected. Spearman correlation method was employed to assess the relationship between ABR and pure-tone threshold. The correlation between the click-evoked ABR that met the National Health Administration standards and the click-evoked ABR derived from estimates before and after the 2.5 years of age effectively predicted the toddlers’ pure-tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds at 2–4 kHz.
Psychosocial and Mental Health Issues of the Migrants Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Narrative Review
Authors: Singh Gurvinder Pal 
Published: October 2021

Background: The objective of this review was to identify and synthesize the findings of the existing literature that highlighted the psychosocial and mental health issues of the migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Materials and Methods: An exploration of the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google search, and some other manual searches was undertaken so that no relevant study was missed. A search on Indian scientific literature and cross-references retrieved was also conducted to get further information. The period of the search has been one year from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021. The database was searched with the terms “migrants,” “migrant workers,” “COVID-19 pandemic,” “lockdown,” “migrant population,” “mental health issues,” “psychosocial issues” to retrieve the published literature. Results: Initially, 48 research articles were retrieved and 10 of them were excluded as they had no sufficient information about mental and psychosocial challenges faced by the migrants. In the remaining 38 articles, 9 articles were original research work ( n = 9) published from India related to the impact of COVID-19 on migrants. The second category consisted of editorials or commentary or letters to the editor or policy paper on psychosocial and mental health aspects of migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic ( n = 17). The third category was 11 articles on perspectives or opinions or viewpoints ( n = 11) related to various psychosocial and mental health issues among migrants in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Predominantly psychosocial issues found among migrants were living conditions, basic needs, family concerns, and joblessness. The mental health issues found among migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic included psychological distress, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders. Conclusion: Existing literature from India has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted the psychosocial and mental health status of the migrants in India. This review suggests the need for more research work from the affected states of India and the development of psychosocial and mental health intervention strategies to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migrants.
Internal Perivenous Compression for venous insufficiency at the Saphenofemoral Junction: Early and Midterm Results and Operative Pain
Authors: Parlar Hakan , Arıkan Ali Ahmet 
Published: October 2021

Objectives To assess the postoperative pain and midterm results of patients undergoing internal perivenous compression with internal compression therapy (ICT) for venous insufficiency at the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) Materials and Methods Patients managed with ICT between April and October 2019 for grade 4 venous reflux at the SFJ were retrospectively evaluated. The venous clinical severity score (VCSS) was calculated preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Postoperative pain was assessed with the visual analog scale (VAS). Control Doppler ultrasound imaging was performed 6 months postoperatively. Results Forty-five patients [14 (31%) males and 31 (69%) females; mean age, 47 ± 13 years] were included. The median preoperative VCSS was 7 (5–8.5). The median VCSS at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively was 6 (4–7.5), 4 (3–5.5), and 3 (2–4), respectively, and these values were significantly lower than the preoperative score (p = 0,001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The postoperative VAS score was 0 in 6 patients (13%), 1 in 17 patients (38%), 2 in 6 patients (13%), 3 in 15 patients (33%), and 4 in 1 patient (2%). At 6 months, reflux was absent in 9 (20%), grade 1 in 20 (44%), and grade 2 in 16 (36%) patients. A vena saphena magna diameter of >6.7 mm predicted grade >1 reflux at 6 months [87.5%, with an area under the curve of 0.78 (p < 0.001)]. No complications occurred. Conclusion ICT alleviated symptoms and reduced reflux grade in patients with venous insufficiency at the SFJ. This therapy can be applied with satisfactory patient comfort.
Serotonin 1B receptor density mapping of the human brainstem using positron emission tomography and autoradiography
Authors: Veldman Emma R , Varrone Andrea , Varnäs Katarina , Svedberg Marie M , Cselényi Zsolt , Tiger Mikael , Gulyás Balázs , Halldin Christer , Lundberg Johan 
Published: October 2021

The serotonin 1B (5-HT1B) receptor has lately received considerable interest in relation to psychiatric and neurological diseases, partly due to findings based on quantification using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Although the brainstem is an important structure in this regard, PET radioligand binding quantification in brainstem areas often shows poor reliability. This study aims to improve PET quantification of 5-HT1B receptor binding in the brainstem. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were selected based on a 3D [3H]AZ10419369 Autoradiography brainstem model, which visualized 5-HT1B receptor distribution in high resolution. Two previously developed VOI delineation methods were tested and compared to a conventional manual method. For a method based on template data, a [11C]AZ10419369 PET template was created by averaging parametric binding potential (BPND) images of 52 healthy subjects. VOIs were generated based on a predefined volume and BPND thresholding and subsequently applied to test-retest [11C]AZ10419369 parametric BPND images of 8 healthy subjects. For a method based on individual subject data, VOIs were generated directly on each individual parametric image. Both methods showed improved reliability compared to a conventional manual VOI. The VOIs created with [11C]AZ10419369 template data can be automatically applied to future PET studies measuring 5-HT1B receptor binding in the brainstem.
Next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of atypical herpes simplex encephalitis
Authors: Kang Zhilei , Jin Xin , Wei Na , Ji Ye , Han Jingzhe 
Published: October 2021

Objectives Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is one of the most common causes of severe viral encephalitis. The characteristic manifestations of HSE include cerebrospinal fluid with mild cytopenia, dominated by lymphocytes, elevated protein, and normal blood glucose values (3.9–6.1 mmol/L). Although it is not difficult to diagnose classical HSE, diagnosing clinically atypical cases is more difficult. Methods We reviewed the results of next-generation sequencing (NGS) of CSF in a series of patients diagnosed with atypical HSE. Results Four patients lacking classical clinical manifestations of HSE, including no fever, headache, or other typical neurological deficit symptoms, 1–2 × 106 cells/L CSF leucocyte count, and no typical imaging features, were diagnosed with atypical HSE by NGS of CSF. The NGS reads corresponding to herpes simplex virus type 1 ranged from 2 to 13,174. Conclusions Mild HSE may not present with classic frontotemporal lobe syndrome and fever may not be an inevitable symptom in patients with immunosuppression. However, the possibility of HSE should be considered in patients with atypical intracranial infection, and these patients should be tested by NGS.
Lasmiditan efficacy in the acute treatment of migraine was independent of prior response to triptans: Findings from the CENTURION study
Authors: Reuter Uwe , Krege John H , Lombard Louise , Gomez Valderas Elisa , Krikke-Workel Judith , Dell-Agnello Grazia , Dowsett Sherie A , Buse Dawn C 
Published: October 2021

Background A significant proportion of triptan users exhibit an insufficient response or inadequate tolerability to a triptan, and some may develop a contraindication. Lasmiditan, a selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist, may be an option for these individuals. We assessed lasmiditan efficacy in a subgroup of patients in CENTURION (Phase 3 migraine consistency study) who exhibited an insufficient response to triptans, including a subgroup with insufficient response due to efficacy only. Methods Patients were randomized to lasmiditan 200 mg for four attacks, lasmiditan 100 mg for four attacks, or placebo for three and lasmiditan 50 mg for one attack. Triptan insufficient responders were pre-defined as patients with insufficient efficacy or tolerability, or who developed a contraindication. Results In triptan insufficient responders, lasmiditan was superior to placebo ( p < 0.05) for pain freedom beginning at 1 h (both doses); pain relief beginning at 0.5 (200 mg) or 1 h (100 mg); migraine-related disability freedom, much/very much better on the Patient Global Impression of Change, and most bothersome symptom freedom at 2 h; sustained pain freedom; and need for rescue medication. Lasmiditan showed benefit for consistency of effect across attacks for 2-h pain freedom and pain relief. Findings were similar in triptan responders and triptan naïve patients and when the triptan insufficient response definition was based on efficacy only. Conclusions Lasmiditan was efficacious across multiple clinically relevant endpoints in the acute treatment of migraine independent of prior response to triptans. Trial Registration: CENTURION (NCT03670810); SAMURAI (NCT02439320); SPARTAN (NCT02605174)
Comparing Midterm Outcomes of High-Level Athletes Versus Nonathletes Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Propensity-Matched Comparison With Minimum 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Jimenez Andrew E. , Monahan Peter F. , Maldonado David R. , Saks Benjamin R. , Ankem Hari K. , Sabetian Payam W. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: October 2021

Background: High-level athletes (HLAs) have been shown to have better short-term outcomes than nonathletes (NAs) after hip arthroscopy. Purpose: (1) To report midterm outcomes of HLAs after primary hip arthroscopy and (2) to compare their results with a propensity-matched cohort of NA patients. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed between February 2008 and November 2015 for HLAs (professional, college, or high school) who underwent primary hip arthroscopy in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). HLAs were included if they had preoperative, minimum 2-year, and minimum 5-year follow-up data for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and Hip Outcome Score Sports-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS). Radiographic and intraoperative findings, surgical procedures, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS), minimal clinically important difference (MCID), and return to sport were reported. The HLA study group was propensity-matched to a control group of NA patients for comparison. Results: A total 65 HLA patients (67 hips) were included in the final analysis with mean follow-up time of 74.6 ± 16.7 months. HLAs showed significant improvement in all PROs recorded, achieved high rates of MCID and PASS for mHHS (74.6% and 79.4%, respectively) and HOS-SSS (67.7% and 66.1%, respectively), and returned to sport at high rates (80.4%). When compared with the propensity-matched NA control group, HLAs reported higher baseline but comparable postoperative scores for the mHHS and NAHS. HLA patients achieved MCID and PASS for mHHS at similar rates as NA patients, but the HLA patients achieved PASS for HOS-SSS at higher rates that trended toward statistical significance (66.1% vs 48.4%; P = .07). NA patients underwent revision arthroscopic surgery at similar rates as HLA patients (14.9% vs 9.0%, respectively; P = .424). Conclusion: Primary hip arthroscopy results in favorable midterm outcomes in HLAs. When compared with a propensity-matched NA control group, HLAs demonstrated a tendency toward higher rates of achieving PASS for HOS-SSS but similar arthroscopic revision rates at minimum 5-year follow-up.