bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐brain mapping of amylin‐induced neuronal activity in receptor activity–modifying protein 1/3 knockout mice
Authors: Skovbjerg Grethe , Roostalu Urmas , Hansen Henrik H. , Lutz Thomas A. , Le Foll Christelle , Salinas Casper G. , Skytte Jacob L. , Jelsing Jacob , Vrang Niels , Hecksher‐Sørensen Jacob 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe pancreatic hormone amylin plays a central role in regulating energy homeostasis and glycaemic control by stimulating satiation and reducing food reward, making amylin receptor agonists attractive for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Amylin receptors consist of heterodimerized complexes of the calcitonin receptor and receptor‐activity modifying proteins subtype 1‐3 (RAMP1‐3). Neuronal activation in response to amylin dosing has been well characterized, but only in selected regions expressing high levels of RAMPs. The current study identifies global brain‐wide changes in response to amylin and by comparing wild type and RAMP1/3 knockout mice reveals the importance of RAMP1/3 in mediating this response. Amylin dosing resulted in neuronal activation as measured by an increase in c‐Fos labelled cells in 20 brain regions, altogether making up the circuitry of neuronal appetite regulation (e.g., area postrema (AP), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), parabrachial nucleus (PB), and central amygdala (CEA)). c‐Fos response was also detected in distinct nuclei across the brain that typically have not been linked with amylin signalling. In RAMP1/3 knockout amylin induced low‐level neuronal activation in seven regions, including the AP, NTS and PB, indicating the existence of RAMP1/3‐independent mechanisms of amylin response. Under basal conditions RAMP1/3 knockout mice show reduced neuronal activity in the hippocampal formation as well as reduced hippocampal volume, suggesting a role for RAMP1/3 in hippocampal physiology and maintenance. Altogether these data provide a global map of amylin response in the mouse brain and establishes the significance of RAMP1/3 receptors in relaying this response.
Is there a single beta oscillation band interfering with movement in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Belova Elena M. , Semenova Ulia , Gamaleya Anna A. , Tomskiy Alexey A. , Sedov Alexey 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBeta oscillations in basal ganglia are considered to contribute to motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is a high variety in frequency borders for beta oscillations between studies, which complicates the comparison and interpretation of results. Here we aimed to study the homogeneity of oscillations in the broad “beta” range (8–30 Hz) and their implication to motor functioning in PD. For this purpose, we recorded local field potentials (LFP) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) during 34 deep brain stimulation surgeries. We identified spectral features of LFP recordings in the range 8–30 Hz to search for candidate sub‐regions of stable oscillations and assessed their association with clinical scores on the contralateral side of the body and sensitivity to motor tests. Lower frequency oscillations (8–16 Hz) had a significant positive association with bradykinesia score. During voluntary movements, we observed a significant increase in LFP power in the 12–16 Hz range and a decrease in the 18–26 Hz range. We may conclude that the 8–30 Hz oscillation range includes oscillations with different functional features—sensitivity and responsiveness to movement, and clinical symptoms, which should be taken into account in further studies of beta oscillations association with PD pathophysiology. These data assume the coexistence of several frequency domains within beta range that are modulated in different ways under dopaminergic regulation and motor processing in human STN.
Convolutional neural network for diagnosis of viral pneumonia and COVID‐19 alike diseases
Authors: Umar Ibrahim Abdullahi , Ozsoz Mehmet , Serte Sertan , Al‐Turjman Fadi , Habeeb Kolapo Salahudeen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractReverse‐Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‐PCR) method is currently the gold standard method for detection of viral strains in human samples, but this technique is very expensive, take time and often leads to misdiagnosis. The recent outbreak of COVID‐19 has led scientists to explore other options such as the use of artificial intelligence driven tools as an alternative or a confirmatory approach for detection of viral pneumonia. In this paper, we utilized a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach to detect viral pneumonia in x‐ray images using a pretrained AlexNet model thereby adopting a transfer learning approach. The dataset used for the study was obtained in the form of optical Coherence Tomography and chest X‐ray images made available by Kermany et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.17632/rscbjbr9sj.3) with a total number of 5853 pneumonia (positive) and normal (negative) images. To evaluate the average efficiency of the model, the dataset was split into on 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10 for training and testing respectively. To evaluate the performance of the model, 10 K Cross‐validation was carried out. The performance of the model using overall dataset was compared with the means of cross‐validation and the currents state of arts. The classification model has shown high performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. 70:30 split performed better compare to other splits with accuracy of 98.73%, sensitivity of 98.59% and specificity of 99.84%.
Comparative analysis of the accuracy of periapical radiography and cone‐beam computed tomography for diagnosing complex endodontic pathoses using a gold standard reference – A prospective clinical study
Authors: G Keerthana , Singh Natwar , Yadav Ritika , Duhan Jigyasa , Tewari Sanjay , Gupta Ambika , Sangwan Pankaj , Mittal Shweta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiography (PR) and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) for detecting pathoses of endodontic origin using the gold standard of direct surgical visualization.MethodologySeventy‐four patients (112 teeth) underwent radiographic examination by periapical radiography and CBCT. The presence of periapical lesions, root perforations and their locations, root fractures, different types of external root resorptive defects, apicomarginal bone defects, through and through bone defects, buccal bone status and proximity of root apices and lesions to vital anatomical structures were assessed. These same parameters were assessed intraoperatively by direct surgical visualization which served as the gold standard reference for the radiographic assessments. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values were determined for comparison of diagnostic accuracy between two modalities.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two imaging modalities for root resorptive defects and root fractures. However, CBCT accurately detected periapical lesions, root perforations, apicomarginal bone defects and through and through bone defects. The overall accuracy of CBCT varied from 91% to 96% in detecting dehiscence and fenestration of buccal cortical plates.ConclusionOverall, CBCT had a higher diagnostic accuracy in complex endodontic pathoses compared to PR. Nevertheless, CBCT failed to diagnose apicomarginal bone defects in 33% teeth. In evaluating the status of buccal cortical plate from CBCT images, observers could detect absence of bone better than its presence. Thus, limited FOV CBCT should be considered for selective cases where periapical radiography has diagnostic ambiguity.
Using an arts‐based approach to explore the building of social capital at a therapeutic recreation camp
Authors: Jay Elissa‐Kate , Moxham Lorna , Patterson Christopher 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTherapeutic recreation is beneficial for people with and without disabilities, promoting an empowered, connected, and joyful life. The present study aimed to analyse canvas art created on a therapeutic recreation programme called Recovery Camp, to discover what they reveal about the shared experiences which have occurred. This study utilized an arts‐based research method and thematic analysis to discover what participants have communicated via their artwork from ten camps between 2018 and 2019. This study adheres to the COREQ guidelines for qualitative studies. Reflexive thematic analysis produced subthemes which informed three main themes and an identified core meaning of Social Capital. The three main themes were Togetherness and teamwork, Positivity, and Gratitude for Recovery Camp. Based on these findings, canvas art has revealed that shared experiences during a therapeutic recreation camp were positive and connecting. Social capital was created and bridged at Recovery Camp through teamwork and prosocial attitudes. Gratitude has also been disclosed by participants for their shared positive experience.
Variation in nitrogen accumulation in grain and leaf in spring barley genotypes
Authors: Liang Xi , Hu Gongshe , Satterfield Kathy , Evans Christopher , Jiang Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRequirements of barley grain protein concentration vary depending on the end‐use purpose of the grain. High protein levels are desired for high‐quality feed and food, whereas relatively low protein levels are preferred for malting. The current study evaluated variation of grain protein concentration and nitrogen (N) concentration in flag leaves among barley genotypes with diverse backgrounds. A panel of 79 spring barley genotypes was grown in field experiments under well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions over two growing seasons. In each water regime, variation in flag leaf N concentration (only under drought‐stressed conditions), grain protein concentration, grain yield and other agronomic parameters was found among genotypes. Based on grain protein and flag leaf N concentration, four broad genotype categories were found: high values for both, low values for both, low grain protein with high flag leaf N and high grain protein with low flag leaf N. This grouping suggests variation in N remobilization from vegetative tissues to grain. Germplasm identified in the present study will enable further study of the mechanisms regulating protein accumulation in barley and contribute to the development of barley germplasm for various end uses.
Annual Research Review: Achieving universal health coverage for young children with autism spectrum disorder in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a review of reviews
Authors: Divan Gauri , Bhavnani Supriya , Leadbitter Kathy , Ellis Ceri , Dasgupta Jayashree , Abubakar Amina , Elsabbagh Mayada , Hamdani Syed Usman , Servili Chiara , Patel Vikram , Green Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAutism presents with similar prevalence and core impairments in diverse populations. We conducted a scoping review of reviews to determine key barriers and innovative strategies which can contribute to attaining universal health coverage (UHC), from early detection to effective interventions for autism in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LAMIC).MethodsA systematic literature search of review articles was conducted. Reviews relevant to the study research question were included if they incorporated papers from LAMIC and focused on children (<eight years old) with autism or their caregivers. The database search was supplemented with bibliographic search of included articles and key informant suggestions. Data were extracted and mapped onto a Theory of Change model toward achieving UHC for autism in LAMIC.ResultsWe identified 31 articles which reviewed data from over fifty countries across Africa, Latin America, Middle East, and Asia and addressed barriers across one or more of four inter‐related domains: (a) the social context and family experience for a child with autism; (b) barriers to detection and diagnosis; (c) access to appropriate evidence‐based intervention; and (d) social policy and legislation. Key barriers identified included: lack of appropriate tools for detection and diagnosis; low awareness and experienced stigma impacting demand for autism care; and the prevalence of specialist models for diagnosis and treatment which are not scalable in LAMIC.ConclusionsWe present a Theory of Change model which describe the strategies and resources needed to realize UHC for children with autism in LAMIC. We highlight the importance of harnessing existing evidence to best effect, using task sharing and adapted intervention strategies, community participation, and technology innovation. Scaling up these innovations will require open access to appropriate detection and intervention tools, systematic approaches to building and sustaining skills in frontline providers to support detection and deliver interventions embedded within a stepped care architecture, and community awareness of child development milestones.
Nuclear lipidome is altered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A pilot study
Authors: Ramírez‐Nuñez Omar , Jové Mariona , Torres Pascual , Sol Joaquim , Fontdevila Laia , Romero‐Guevara Ricardo , Andrés‐Benito Pol , Ayala Victòria , Rossi Chiara , Boada Jordi , Povedano Mònica , Ferrer Isidro , Pamplona Reinald , Portero‐Otin Manuel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNucleocytosolic transport, a membrane process, is impaired in motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study analyzes the nuclear lipidome in motor neurons in ALS and examines molecular pathways linked to the major lipid alterations. Nuclei were obtained from the frozen anterior horn of the lumbar spinal cord of ALS patients and age‐matched controls. Lipidomic profiles of this subcellular fraction were obtained using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. We validated the mechanisms behind presumable lipidomic changes by exploring ALS surrogate models including human motor neurons (derived from ALS lines and controls) subjected to oxidative stress, the hSOD‐G93A transgenic mice, and samples from an independent cohort of ALS patients. Among the differential lipid species, we noted 41 potential identities, mostly belonging to phospholipids (particularly ether phospholipids, as plasmalogens), as well as diacylglycerols and triacylglycerides. Decreased expression of alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase (AGPS)—a critical peroxisomal enzyme in plasmalogen synthesis—is found in motor neuron disease models; this occurs in parallel with an increase in the expression of sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) mRNA in ALS and Scp2 levels in G93A transgenic mice. Further, we identified diminished expression of diacylglycerol‐related enzymes, such as phospholipase C βI (PLCβI) and protein kinase CβII (PKCβII), linked to diacylglycerol metabolism. Finally, lipid droplets were recognized in the nuclei, supporting the identification of triacylglycerides as differential lipids. Our results point to the potentially pathogenic role of altered composition of nuclear membrane lipids and lipids in the nucleoplasm in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in ALS. Overall, these data support the usefulness of subcellular lipidomics applied to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Clinical, biometric, and ultrasound assessment of the effects of the autologous fibroblast cells transplantation on nasolabial fold wrinkles
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Zare Sona , Farshi Susan , Mahmoudbeyk Mona , Nouri Maryam , Jaffary Fariba , Nikkhah Nahid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFeeling beautiful and staying young have always been important to the people. Therefore, an extensive body of research has focused on the efforts made to remove the skin problems, especially wrinkles. Fibroblast cells of the skin are the various autologous cells currently used in repairing several wounds, scars, and skin aging. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the transplantation of the fibroblast cells in eliminating the facial wrinkles using the biometric assessment and to optimize the application of this technique in this treatment.MethodsThe present study was conducted on 22 male and female patients aged between 35 and 60 years old. Samples were collected from the retro‐auricular region, and the fibroblast cells were isolated and cultured. Subjects received three injections with autologous fibroblasts at 2‐week intervals. The patients were followed up for 6 months, and structural changes in their wrinkles were assessed by the sonography and the VisioFace software, cutometer, tewameter, and colorimeter.ResultsThe results obtained using the VisioFace software showed the significant phenotypic changes in the patients after the nasolabial injections (81.42 ± 23.97 vs. 60.91 ± 21.91, p = 0.0001). The results showed a significant increase in the total skin density (13.73 ± 6.30 vs. 26.27 ± 7.93, p = 0.0001), dermis density (11.28 ± 5.21 vs. 31.88 ± 7.96, p = 0.0001), epidermis density (27.68 ± 23.15 vs. 49.21 ± 45.68, p = 0.046), and dermis thickness (798.09 ± 133.51 μm vs. 905.59 ± 240.67 μm, p = 0.036) compared to pre‐treatment.ConclusionThe findings of the study revealed that the injection of autologous fibroblasts can be effective in restoring the aging skin, especially in the nasolabial region, and can be used as a safe rejuvenating strategy.
Hair diameter measurements for planning follicular unit extraction surgery (FUE): Is there a correlation between the micrometer caliper and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) findings?
Authors: Bayramoglu Alp , Erdogan Koray , Urhan Oguzhan , Keskinoz Elif Nedret , Acikel Elmas Merve , Hayran Mutlu , Arbak Serap 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundHair shaft diameter is one of the most important factors for the outcome of follicular unit extraction (FUE) surgery. In fact, the hair shaft is elliptical. Therefore, it has a long and short axis. Many hair transplantation surgeons use manual micrometer caliper for gauging hair diameter and use the results in the management of recipient and donor area.AimIn this study, we aimed to identify the dependability of micrometer caliper and also the hair diameter diversity pattern in the donor area.Patients/MethodsTwo hundred and seventy hairs were collected from three males with androgenetic alopecia. Hair samples were obtained from the 1 cm2 boxes from superior to inferior at the mid‐point of temporal, parietal, and occipital donor areas. The diameter of each hair was measured both with a micrometer caliper and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsAverage diameter measured by scanning electron microscopy was 83.01 µm for the long axis and 51.51 µm for the short axis. The average value for the micrometer caliper measurement was 53.32 µm. Comparison of micrometer caliper results with the short‐axis measurements of SEM revealed a strong significant correlation. The hair diameters from superior, middle, and inferior boxes revealed a tendency to decrease toward the inferior regions.ConclusionsA manual micrometer caliper is a dependable tool for planning FUE surgery, and it measures the short axis of the elliptical hair shaft. Hair diameter tends to decrease toward the inferior regions of the donor area.
An alternative for the treatment of vulvar syringoma: 577 nm pro‐yellow laser
Authors: Aksoy Sarac Gulhan , Onder Meltem 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSyringoma is a benign sweat gland tumor.AimVulvar location of syringoma is rare. Although the lesions are asymptomatic, it requires treatment due to the cosmetic concerns.Patients/MethodsWe present a 42‐year‐old woman with vulvar syringoma.ResultsThe patient treated with 577 nm pro‐yellow laser with a great success.ConclusionA 577 nm pro‐yellow laser is a good alternative in the treatment of vulvar syringoma.
Life satisfaction and the mediating role of character strengths and gains in informal caregivers
Authors: García‐Castro Fernando Javier , Hernández Ana , Blanca María J. 
Published: April 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?The role of informal caregiver can have both negative and positive consequences for a person’s well‐being. The main theoretical framework for explaining these consequences is the stress process model, which considers contextual variables, stressors and mediating/moderating factors. The latter are psychosocial factors such as coping strategies, personal mastery, social support or beliefs and values which may influence caregiver well‐being. The perception of gains in caregiving has also been proposed as a mediating variable since it may act as a coping strategy. However, few studies have examined values and perceived gains as mediating variables with life satisfaction as the outcome.What the paper adds to existing knowledge?This study explores the role of character strengths and caregiver gains as mediators between stressors and life satisfaction in informal caregivers of persons with dementia. The results identify hope as a key character strength, its lack being one pathway through which stress may lead to low life satisfaction and low perceived gains from caregiving.What are the implications for practice?Caregivers who experience a lack of hope may be less able to generate goals and be less motivated to achieve them. Our findings are relevant to gerontological nursing based on the Senses Framework as they confirm the importance of the senses of purpose and achievement. Nursing and care staff can play an active role in helping informal caregivers to meet their goals by promoting these two senses, thereby fostering a more positive caregiving experience.AbstractIntroductionBeing an informal caregiver can have both negative and positive consequences for well‐being. Within the framework of the stress process model, few studies have examined values and perceived gains of caregiving as mediating variables of life satisfaction.AimTo explore the role of character strengths and perceived gains as mediators in the association between life satisfaction and primary and secondary stressors in informal caregivers of persons with dementia.MethodParticipants were 112 informal caregivers. Hierarchical regression, correlation and mediation analyses were performed.ResultsLower life satisfaction was associated with being female, unmarried, caring for someone with greater cognitive impairment, a higher level of stress, having restricted leisure time and perceiving financial difficulties. Hope mediated the associations between perceived stress and both life satisfaction and perceived gains of caregiving.DiscussionHope is a key strength and its lack is one pathway through which stress may cause low satisfaction and low perceived gains from caregiving.Implications for practiceWithout hope, it is difficult for caregivers to generate goals and be motivated to achieve them. Nursing and care staff should aim to promote a sense of purpose and achievement among informal caregivers so as to foster a more positive caring experience.
Interpreting the keyword “China” and its collocations in selected correspondence of Pearl S. Buck, 1939–1946
Authors: Christie Stuart , Kwok Tsz‐Huen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA work of digital scholarship, this essay presents the discovery of archival data obtained from unpublished correspondence written by American novelist Pearl S. Buck (1892–1973). Using digital tools, our project rendered and analyzed a keyword database in order to identify and measure the keyword “China” in relation to other value‐laden collocations—such as country, friend, and people—which Buck promulgated widely in her role as public intellectual and China expert for her time. Buck was never able to return to China in person. Even so, the globalized values attributed to “China” in her letters remained meaningful touchstones for her philanthropy, activism, and social commentary in the United States in her lifetime, personally and professionally, as she urged greater American recognition of China's emergence prior to and during the Second World War.