bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G4LDB 2.2: a database for discovering and studying G-quadruplex and i-Motif ligands
Authors: Wang Yu-Huan , Yang Qian-Fan , Lin Xiao , Chen Die , Wang Zhi-Yin , Chen Bin , Han Hua-Yi , Chen Hao-Di , Cai Kai-Cong , Li Qian , Yang Shu , Tang Ya-Lin , Li Feng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNoncanonical nucleic acid structures, such as G-quadruplex (G4) and i-Motif (iM), have attracted increasing research interests because of their unique structural and binding properties, as well as their important biological activities. To date, thousands of small molecules that bind to varying G4/iM structures have been designed, synthesized and tested for diverse chemical and biological uses. Because of the huge potential and increasing research interests on G4-targeting ligands, we launched the first G4 ligand database G4LDB in 2013. Here, we report a new version, termed G4LDB 2.2 (http://www.g4ldb.com), with upgrades in both content and function. Currently, G4LDB2.2 contains &gt;3200 G4/iM ligands, ∼28 500 activity entries and 79 G4–ligand docking models. In addition to G4 ligand library, we have also added a brand new iM ligand library to G4LDB 2.2, providing a comprehensive view of quadruplex nucleic acids. To further enhance user experience, we have also redesigned the user interface and optimized the database structure and retrieval mechanism. With these improvements, we anticipate that G4LDB 2.2 will serve as a comprehensive resource and useful research toolkit for researchers across wide scientific communities and accelerate discovering and validating better binders and drug candidates.
Precision of measurements and the biases due to the geomagnetic declination in the Korean observations of the comet C/1723 T1
Authors: Ahn Sang-Hyeon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Positions of the comet C/1723 T1 recorded in Korean historical resources are analysed to estimate the precision of measurements and the bias due to the geomagnetic declination at Seoul. We calculate the ephemeris of the comet by adopting the orbital elements determined by Gustav Spörer in 1843 based upon the Bradley’s telescopic observations in 1723. We confirm that the Bradley’s observations have a measurement error of 25″. The positions of the comet recorded in the Korean manuscripts are compared with the modern ephemeris. We find that there are misalignments in the instrument’s polar axis with Earth’s rotation axis: if the measurements were rounded up, there are alignment errors of 0.°0 ± 0.°2 in elevation and $-{0{_{.}^{\circ}}3}\pm {0{_{.}^{\circ}}3}$ in azimuth (to 1σ); if the measurements were rounded down, there are alignment errors of −0.°5 ± 0.°4 in elevation and +0.°5 ± 0.°6 in azimuth (to 1σ). Assuming that the instrument’s polar axis was aligned with a magnetic compass, we can regard the misalignment of the polar axis in azimuth as the geomagnetic declination at Seoul in 1723. We find that the geomagnetic declination obtained is in agreement with the recent models of the historical geomagnetic fields. We also obtain the one-time measurement error of ${0{_{.}^{\circ}}25}$, which is not different from the one-time measurement error of ${0{_{.}^{\circ}}3}$ obtained from the observational data of Mars in 1491.
The efficacy and safety of intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine vs artemisinin-based drugs for malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chu Xiajing , Yan Peijing , Zhang Na , Chen Nan , Liu Yang , Feng Lufang , Li Meixuan , Zhang Ziyao , Wang Qi , Wang Shizhong , Yang Kehu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Malaria is one of the most serious global problems. The objective of this study is to assess whether intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) using artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) was a promising alternative to IPT with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-SP).

Methods
We searched the following sources up to 12 August 2020: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Database from inception. The randomized controlled trials comparing SP with ACTs for malaria were included. Data were pooled using Stata.14 software. We performed subgroup analysis based on the different types of ACTs groups and participants.

Results
A total of 13 studies comprising 5180 people were included. The meta-analysis showed that ACTs had the lower risk of number of any parasitemia (RR=0.46; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.96, p=0.039; I2=90.50%, p&lt;0.001), early treatment failure (RR=0.17; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.48, p&lt;0.001; I2=66.60%, p=0.011) and late treatment failure (RR=0.34; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.92, p&lt;0.001; I2=87.80%, p&lt;0.001) compared with SP. There was no significant difference in adequate clinical response, average hemoglobin and adverse neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion
Combinations with ACTs appear promising as suitable alternatives for IPT-SP.
Association Between Vasopressin Rebranding and Utilization in Patients With Septic Shock*
Authors: Sacha Gretchen L. , Kiser Tyree H. , Wright Garth C. , Vandivier R. William , Moss Marc , Burnham Ellen L. , Ho P. Michael , Reynolds Paul M. , Bauer Seth R. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Vasopressin is suggested as an adjunct to norepinephrine in patients with septic shock. However, after vasopressin was rebranded in November 2014, its cost exponentially increased. Utilization patterns of vasopressin after its rebranding are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between the rebranding of vasopressin in November 2014 and its utilization in vasopressor-dependent patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.

DESIGN:
Retrospective, multicenter, database study between January 2010 and March 2017.

SETTING:
Premier Healthcare Database hospitals.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients admitted to an ICU with severe sepsis or septic shock, who received at least one vasoactive agent for two or more calendar days were included.

INTERVENTIONS:
The proportion of patients who received vasopressin and vasopressin cost was assessed before and after rebranding, and evaluated with segmented regression.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Among 294,733 patients (mean age, 66 ± 15 yr), 27.8% received vasopressin, and ICU mortality was 26.5%. The proportion of patients receiving vasopressin was higher after rebranding (31.2% postrebranding vs 25.8% prerebranding). Before vasopressin rebranding, the quarterly proportion of patients who received vasopressin had an increasing slope (prerebranding slope 0.41% [95% CI, 0.35–0.46%]), with no difference in slope detected after vasopressin rebranding (postrebranding slope, 0.47% [95% CI, 0.29–0.64%]). After vasopressin rebranding, mean vasopressin cost per patient was higher ($527 ± 1,130 vs $77 ± 160), and the quarterly slope of vasopressin cost was higher (change in slope $77.18 [95% CI, $75.73–78.61]). Total vasopressin billed cost postrebranding continually increased by ~$294,276 per quarter from less than $500,000 in Q4 2014 to over $3,000,000 in Q1 2017.

CONCLUSIONS:
After vasopressin rebranding, utilization continued to increase quarterly despite a significant increase in vasopressin cost. Vasopressin appeared to have price inelastic demand in septic shock.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: No Survivors*
Authors: Baert Valentine , Beuscart Jean-Baptiste , Recher Morgan , Javaudin François , Hugenschmitt Delphine , Bony Thomas , Revaux François , Mansouri Nadia , Larcher Fanny , Chazard Emmanuel , Hubert Hervé 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To describe and compare survival among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as a function of their status for coronavirus disease 2019.

DESIGN:
We performed an observational study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients between March 2020 and December 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 status (confirmed, suspected, or negative) was defined according to the World Health Organization’s criteria.

SETTING:
Information on the patients and their care was extracted from the French national out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry. The French prehospital emergency medical system has two tiers: the fire department intervenes rapidly to provide basic life support, and mobile ICUs provide advanced life support. The study data (including each patient’s coronavirus disease 2019 status) were collected by 95 mobile ICUs throughout France.

PATIENTS:
We included 6,624 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: 127 cases with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019, 473 with suspected coronavirus disease 2019, and 6,024 negative for coronavirus disease 2019.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The “confirmed” and “suspected” groups of coronavirus disease 2019 patients had similar characteristics and were more likely to have suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with a respiratory cause (confirmed: 53.7%, suspected coronavirus disease 2019: 56.5%; p = 0.472) than noncoronavirus disease 2019 patients (14.0%; p < 0.001 vs confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients). Advanced life support was initiated for 57.5% of the confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients, compared with 64.5% of the suspected coronavirus disease 2019 patients (p = 0.149) and 70.6% of the noncoronavirus disease 2019 ones (p = 0.002). The survival rate at 30-day postout-of-hospital cardiac arrest was 0% in the confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 group, 0.9% in the suspected coronavirus disease 2019 group (p = 0.583 vs confirmed), and 3.5% (p = 0.023) in the noncoronavirus disease 2019 group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results highlighted a zero survival rate in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019. This finding raises important questions with regard to the futility of resuscitation for coronavirus disease 2019 patients and the management of the associated risks.
Urinary concentrations of phenols and parabens and incident diabetes in midlife women
Authors: Lee Seulbi , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie , Mukherjee Bhramar , Herman William H. , Harlow Siobán D. , Park Sung Kyun 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Environmental phenols have been suggested as diabetogens but evidence from prospective cohort studies is limited. We examined associations between urinary concentrations of phenols and parabens, assessed at two time-points, and incident diabetes in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Methods:
We examined 1,299 women, aged 45–56 years, who were diabetes-free at baseline of the SWAN Multi-Pollutant Study (MPS) (1999–2000) and were followed through January 2017. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol-A, bisphenol-F, triclosan, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, benzophenone-3, methyl-paraben, ethyl-paraben, propyl-paraben, and butyl-paraben were measured twice at MPS baseline and 3 years later (2002–2003), and the two average concentrations were used as exposure variables. Associations of incident diabetes with individual phenols and parabens were examined using Cox regression. We evaluated the overall joint effects using quantile-based g-computation.

Results:
Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes of the third tertile compared with the first tertile of urinary concentrations were 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29, 0.56) for methyl-paraben; 0.42 (0.30, 0.58) for propyl-paraben; 0.53 (0.38, 0.75) for 2,5-diclrorophenol; and 0.55 (0.39, 0.80) for benzophenone-3. Nonlinear associations were found for bisphenol-A and 2,4-dichlorophenol (significant positive associations in the second tertile but no associations in the third tertile compared with the first tertile). No significant associations were observed for the other individual chemicals or the joint effect of mixtures.

Conclusions:
Our findings do not support diabetogenic effects of urinary parabens which were inversely associated with incident diabetes among mid-life women. Epidemiologic findings for biomarkers with short half-lives and high within-person variability need to be interpreted with caution.
Long-term Follow-up of Preoperative Infant Event-related Potentials in School-age Children with Craniosynostosis
Authors: Junn Alexandra , Dinis Jacob , Park Kitae E. , Hauc Sacha , Yang Jenny F. , Chuang Carolyn , Han Gloria , McPartland James C. , Persing John A. , Alperovich Michael 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Previous studies demonstrated impaired auditory processing in children with sagittal and metopic craniosynostosis before surgical correction. This study investigated whether worse presurgical neural response as assessed by event-related potentials (ERP) was predictive of poorer school-age neurocognition.

Methods:
Preoperative infant ERP was recorded in 15 sagittal and 18 metopic patients. Mismatch negativity and P150 paradigms were derived from ERP recordings, as previously published. Of those, 13 sagittal and 13 metopic patients returned for neurocognitive evaluation 6 or more years later. ERP was correlated to neurocognitive outcomes using Spearman's correlations controlling for age. Two-tailed t-tests were used to evaluate the influence of age at the time of surgery (6 months) and morphologic severity on neurocognitive outcomes

Results:
In the sagittal group, no significant correlations were found between preoperative mismatch negativity or P150 amplitudes and neurocognitive outcomes. Although no correlation was found between mismatch negativity and neurocognitive outcome in the metopic group, those with lower P150 amplitudes had higher scores in performance IQ (r = −0.877, P < 0.001) and full-scale IQ (r = −0.893, P < 0.001). Morphologic severity and neurocognitive outcomes showed no relationship in the sagittal or metopic groups. Patients who received surgery at less than 6 months had higher full-scale IQ (109.69 versus 95.92, P = 0.025), visuomotor integration (103.15 versus 90.46, P = 0.041), and visual perception scores (105.69 versus 96.08, P = 0.033).

Conclusions:
Preoperative infant ERP does not correlate with school-age neurocognitive outcomes. Earlier age at the time of surgery was associated with improved neurocognitive outcomes.
Defining the Dimensions of Periosteal Free Tissue Transfer Harvest Sites
Authors: Hewitt Lyndel , Yabe Takako , Wykes James , McAndrew Darryl J. , Clark Jonathan R. , Ashford Bruce G. 
Published: October 2021

Summary:
Information about the use and donor site morbidity of periosteal free flaps in head and neck reconstruction is limited. The aim of this study was to examine potential periosteal free flap donor sites with respect to their dimensions, tissue and pedicle characteristics, and predicted donor site morbidity in a cadaveric model. The following cadaveric periosteal specimens with a vascular pedicle were harvested using standard surgical approaches: skull, chest wall, sternum, scapula, iliac crest, femur, and humerus. Data relating to the periosteum size and quality, vascular pedicle, surgical factors, feasibility of use, and the potential donor-site morbidity were recorded. One female (age: 78 years, height: 152 cm) and one male (age: 65 years, height: 186 cm) cadaver were used for flap harvest. The skull, chest wall, scapula, and femur were suitable in terms of the size of the periosteum harvested. The procedure to remove the periosteum from the scalp, chest wall, and scapula had the least predicted donor-site morbidity. The pedicle length and vessel caliber from the periosteal flaps were most favorable from the skull, scapula, and iliac crest. Considering all factors, the periosteum harvested from the skull and scapula were the most promising.
Clinical Nurse Specialist Practice
Authors: Burnie Jeannie , Vining Samantha 
Published: October 2021

Purpose/Objectives
Blood culture collection is a common procedure performed in emergency departments. Rate of blood culture contamination is a metric that is tracked by organizations to ensure appropriate treatment for patients suspected of having bacteremia and ensure appropriate use of hospital resources. A team of nurses and technicians undertook a quality improvement project to decrease blood culture contamination rates in a suburban emergency department.

Description of the Project
The project included use of standardized blood culture collection kits, creation of a dedicated collection team, and implementation of a new blood culture collection device.

Outcome
Through this work, blood culture contamination rates decreased from greater than 3.0% to less than 1.5% consistently for nearly 24 months.

Conclusions
Providing feedback and continued monitoring has made this quality improvement initiative a success for the department and the organization and has resulted in cost savings of nearly 2 million dollars.
“COVID-19 in twins: What can we learn from them?”
Authors: de Castro Mateus V , Silva Monize V R , Naslavsky Michel S , Santos Keity S , Magawa Jhosiene Y. , Neto Edecio Cunha , Passos-Bueno Maria Rita , Zatz Mayana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvestigations on the concordance in monozygotic (MZ) as compared to dizygotic (DZ) twins may reveal if there is a genetic component increasing the susceptibility or resistance against an infectious disease. Here, we compared the concordance rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in MZ versus DZ young twins who shared the same bedrooms and were equally exposed to the virus. The concordance rate was higher in the MZ group supporting a complex multifactorial inheritance responsible for SARS-Cov-2 infection.
An outbreak report of the two autochthonous cases of airport malaria in Belgium in 2020
Authors: Van Bortel Wim , Van den Poel Bea , Hermans Greet , Driessche Marleen Vanden , Lerouge David , Deblauwe Isra , De Wolf Katrien , Schneider Anna , Van Hul Nick , Müller Ruth , Wilmaerts Leen , Gombeer Sophie , Smitz Nathalie , Kattenberg Johanna Helena , Monsieurs Pieter , Rosanas-Urgell Anna , Van Esbroeck Marjan , Bottieau Emmanuel , Maniewski-Kelner Ula , Rebolledo Javiera 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report an outbreak investigation of two fatal cases of autochthonous Plasmodium falciparum that occurred in Belgium in September 2020. Various hypotheses of potential source of infection were investigated. Based on the collected information, the most likely route of transmission was through an infectious exotic Anopheles mosquito that arrived via the international airport of Brussels or the Military airport Melsbroek and infected the cases who lived at five kilometres from the airports. Based on a genomic analysis of the parasites collected from the two cases, the most likely origin of the Plasmodium was Gabon or Cameroon. Further, the parasites collected from the two Belgian patients were identical-by-descent, which supports the assumption that the two infections originated from the bite of the same mosquito, during an interrupted feeding. Despite these cases, airport malaria remains a rare event. Yet, it has significant implications, particularly for the patient, as delayed or missed diagnosis of the cause of illness often results in high rates of complications and mortality. Therefore, to prevent such severe or fatal outcomes, a number of public health actions are suggested including increased awareness among health practitioners especially those working in the vicinity of airports and increased surveillance of exotic mosquito species at airports.
Total correlation explanation of toxic metal concentrations and physiological biomarkers amongst NHANES participants
Authors: Rooney James , Böse-O’Reilly Stephan , Rakete Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionUnravelling the health effects of multiple pollutants presents scientific and computational challenges. CorEx is an unsupervised learning algorithm that can efficiently discover multiple latent factors in highly multivariate datasets. Here, we used the CorEx algorithm to perform a hypothesis free analysis of demographic, biochemical, and toxic metal biomarker data.MethodsOur data included 77 variables from 2,750 adult participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2015-2016). We used an implementation of the CorEx algorithm designed to deal with the features of bioinformatic datasets including mixed data-types. Models were fit for a range of possible latent variables and the best fit model was selected as that which resulted in the largest Total Correlation (TC) after adjustment for the number of parameters. Successive layers of CorEx were run to discovered hierarchical data structure.ResultsThe CorEx algorithm identified 20 variable clusters at the first layer. For the majority clusters, the associations between variables were consistent with known associations – e.g. gender and the hormones, estradiol and testosterone were included in the first cluster; blood organic mercury and blood total mercury were grouped in cluster 4, and cluster 6 included the liver function enzymes ALT, AST and GGT. At the second layer, 3 branches of were identified reflecting hierarchical structure. The first branch included numerous physiological biomarkers and several exogenous biomarkers. The second branch included a number endogenous and exogenous variables previously associated with hypertension, while the third branch included mercury biomarkers and some related endogenous biomarkers.DiscussionWe have demonstrated the CorEx algorithm as a useful tool for hypothesis free exploration of a biomedical dataset. This work extends previous implementations of CorEx by allowing mixed data-types to be modelled and the results showed that CorEx detected meaningful hierarchical structure. CorEx may facilitate exploration of novel datasets in future.