bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of phonemic fluency following leftward prism adaptation
Authors: Turriziani Patrizia , Chiaramonte Gabriele , Mangano Giuseppa Renata , Bonaventura Rosario Emanuele , Smirni Daniela , Oliveri Massimiliano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnatomo functional studies of prism adaptation (PA) have been shown to modulate a brain frontal-parieto-temporal network, increasing activation of this network in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the side of prism deviation. This effect raises the hypothesis that left prism adaptation, modulating frontal areas of the left hemisphere, could modify subjects’ performance on linguistic tasks that map on those areas. To test this hypothesis, 51 healthy subjects participated in experiments in which leftward or rightward prism adaptation were applied before the execution of a phonemic fluency task, i.e., a task with strict left hemispheric lateralization onto frontal areas. Results showed that leftward PA significantly increased the number of words produced whereas rightward PA did not significantly modulate phonemic fluency. The present findings document modulation of a language ability following prism adaptation. The results could have a huge clinical impact in neurological populations, opening new strategies of intervention for language and executive dysfunctions.
cGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway is suppressed by JAK2-STAT3 in tumor cells
Authors: Suter Manuel Adrian , Tan Nikki Y. , Thiam Chung Hwee , Khatoo Muznah , MacAry Paul A. , Angeli Veronique , Gasser Stephan , Zhang Y. L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeficiencies in DNA repair and DNA degrading nucleases lead to accumulation of cytosolic DNA. cGAS is a critical DNA sensor for the detection of cytosolic DNA and subsequent activation of the STING signaling pathway. Here, we show that the cGAS-STING pathway was unresponsive to STING agonists and failed to induce type I interferon (IFN) expression in many tested human tumor cells including DU145 prostate cancer cells. Inhibition of IL-6 or the downstream JAK2/STAT3 signaling restored responsiveness to STING agonists in DU145 cells. STING activity in murine TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer cells was critical for tumor rejection and immune cell infiltration. Endogenous STING agonists including double-stranded DNA and RNA:DNA hybrids present in TRAMP-C2 cells contribute to tumor rejection, but tumor growth was further suppressed by administration of cGAMP. Intratumoral co-injections of IL-6 significantly reduced the anti-tumor effects of cGAMP. In summary, STING in tumor cells contributes to tumor rejection in prostate cancer cells, but its functions are frequently suppressed in tumor cells in part via JAK2 and STAT3 pathways.
Caffeine protects against stress-induced murine depression through activation of PPARγC1α-mediated restoration of the kynurenine pathway in the skeletal muscle
Authors: Fang Chongye , Hayashi Shuhei , Du Xiaocui , Cai Xianbin , Deng Bin , Zheng Hongmei , Ishido Satoshi , Tsutsui Hiroko , Sheng Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExercise prevents depression through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α)-mediated activation of a particular branch of the kynurenine pathway. From kynurenine (KYN), two independent metabolic pathways produce neurofunctionally different metabolites, mainly in somatic organs: neurotoxic intermediate metabolites via main pathway and neuroprotective end product, kynurenic acid (KYNA) via the branch. Elevated levels of KYN have been found in patients with depression. Herein, we investigated whether and how caffeine prevents depression, focusing on the kynurenine pathway. Mice exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS) exhibited depressive-like behaviours with an increase and decrease in plasma levels of pro-neurotoxic KYN and neuroprotective KYNA, respectively. However, caffeine rescued CMS-exposed mice from depressive-like behaviours and restored the plasma levels of KYN and KYNA. Concomitantly, caffeine induced a key enzyme converting KYN into KYNA, namely kynurenine aminotransferase-1 (KAT1), in murine skeletal muscle. Upon caffeine stimulation murine myotubes exhibited KAT1 induction and its upstream PGC-1α sustainment. Furthermore, a proteasome inhibitor, but not translational inhibitor, impeded caffeine sustainment of PGC-1α, suggesting that caffeine induced KAT1 by inhibiting proteasomal degradation of PGC-1α. Thus, caffeine protection against CMS-induced depression may be associated with sustainment of PGC-1α levels and the resultant KAT1 induction in skeletal muscle, and thereby consumption of pro-neurotoxic KYN.
Contributors to Poststroke Dysphagia-Related Caregiver Burden
Authors: Davis Cameron , Namasivayam-MacDonald Ashwini M. , Shune Samantha E. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Caregiver burden negatively impacts both stroke survivor and caregiver well-being. Thus, it is important to better understand the individual- and dyadic-level variables that may contribute to dysphagia-related caregiver burden. The aim of this preliminary study was to identify survivor-, caregiver-, and dyadic-specific factors associated with burden in couples experiencing poststroke dysphagia.

Method
Twenty-eight stroke survivors (“care recipients”) with dysphagia and their spouses (“caregivers”) participated. Care recipients and caregivers completed a survey from which scores for the following variables were derived: dysphagia-related caregiver burden, survivor- and spouse-perceived impact of dysphagia on mealtimes (social, mealtime logistics), dyadic congruence on perceived impact, International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative Functional Diet Scale, Swallowing-Related Quality of Life Scale, and Stroke Impact Scale (cognitive, emotional, physical, and social domains). Spearman's rho and point biserial correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the factors related to caregiver burden.

Results
Increased burden was significantly associated with greater care recipient– and spouse-perceived impact of dysphagia on mealtime logistics; however, burden was not associated with measures of dyadic congruence of perceived impact. Notably, increased burden was also associated with increased diet restrictiveness and decreased swallow-specific quality of life. Dysphagia-related caregiver burden was not associated with measures of stroke impact/severity across any domain.

Conclusions
Factors related to dysphagia-related caregiver burden are multifactorial and include both care recipient (e.g., International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative Functional Diet Scale, Swallowing-Related Quality of Life Scale, perceived impact of dysphagia on mealtime logistics) and caregiver (e.g., perceived impact of dysphagia on mealtime logistics) variables. The results of this preliminary investigation support the need to incorporate aspects of counseling and family-centered care into our management practices, a growing area of interest for speech-language pathologists.
Funktion und Ästhetik
Authors: Nienkemper Manuel 
Published: March 2021

Sehr geehrte Kolleginnen und Kollegen,Nicht in allen, aber in vielen Fällen geht die Korrektur der Zahn- oder
Kieferstellung im Rahmen der funktionellen Therapie auch mit einer Verbesserung der
Ästhetik einher. Das ist insbesondere der Fall, wenn die Ursache der
funktionellen Probleme im sichtbaren Bereich liegen. Das können Korrekturen
im Frontzahnbereich sein oder solche, die das äußere
Erscheinungsbild beeinflussen.
Komplexe regionale Schmerzsyndrome
Authors: Gierthmühlen Janne , Baron Ralf 
Published: March 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas komplexe regionale Schmerzsyndrom (CRPS) ist gekennzeichnet durch sensorische (Spontanschmerzen, Hypästhesie, Hypo- oder Hyperalgesie, Allodynie), motorische (v. a. eingeschränkter Bewegungsumfang und Feinmotorik, fehlender Faustschluss, fehlende Abrollbewegung des Fußes, mitunter auch Tremor oder Dystonie) und autonome (Veränderungen des Haut-, Haar- und Nagelwachstums, des Hautkolorits und der -temperatur, der Schweißsekretion, Ödem) Symptome, die sich hinsichtlich Ausmaß und Auftreten individuell unterscheiden. Typisch ist jedoch eine distale Generalisierung der Symptomatik mit Ausdehnung in Hände und Füße, häufig mit handschuh- bzw. strumpfförmigem Verteilungsmuster. Die Diagnose wird klinisch anhand der Budapest-Kriterien gestellt, bei denen sowohl Symptome (Beobachtungen des Patienten) als auch Befunde (Erhebung des Arztes) berücksichtigt werden. Zur Unterstützung der Diagnose ist als einziges bildgebendes Verfahren die 3-Phasen-Skelettszintigrafie geeignet, die in der Spätphase im ersten Jahr der Erkrankung häufig ein typisches bandförmiges Verteilungsmuster mit erhöhtem Knochenstoffwechsel der kleinen Finger- bzw. Zehengelenke zeigt. Die Therapie ist multimodal und beinhaltet je nach Schweregrad bzw. Symptomatik sowohl eine topische als auch systemische Pharmakotherapie, interventionelle Verfahren, eine temporäre Kortisontherapie, Lymphdrainage, Physio-, Ergo- und Psychotherapie. Bei frühzeitiger und adäquater Behandlung ist die Prognose gut, jedoch ist der Verlauf häufig langwierig.
c-di-AMP, a likely master regulator of bacterial K
+
homeostasis machinery, activates a K
+
exporter
Authors: Cereija Tatiana B. , Guerra João P. L. , Jorge João M. P. , Morais-Cabral João H. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The importance of dinucleotides in the control of bacterial physiology is still being uncovered. One of these molecules is c-di-AMP, thought to control the mechanisms of import and export of potassium ions in many bacteria, including pathogens. Maintaining a balanced internal concentration of potassium is crucial for bacterial viability, even during infection. However, there has been a lack of data showing that c-di-AMP effectively changes the activity of potassium transporters. Here, we demonstrate that c-di-AMP increases the activity levels of a potassium exporter and that pH increases the sensitivity of the transporter to c-di-AMP. Our quantitative data support, therefore, the central role of c-di-AMP in the control of the potassium homeostasis machinery in bacteria.
Structure of Gcn1 bound to stalled and colliding 80S ribosomes
Authors: Pochopien Agnieszka A. , Beckert Bertrand , Kasvandik Sergo , Berninghausen Otto , Beckmann Roland , Tenson Tanel , Wilson Daniel N. 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThere is growing evidence that collisions between ribosomes represent a cellular signal for activating multiple stress pathways, such as ribosome-associated quality control (RQC), the ribotoxic stress response, and the integrated stress response (ISR). Here we illustrate how a single protein can monitor both ribosomes within a disome, by presenting a cryo-electron microscopy structure of a native complex of the ISR protein Gcn1 interacting with both the leading stalled ribosome and the following colliding ribosome. The structure provides insight into the regulation of Gcn2 activation in yeast and has implications for the interplay between the RQC and ISR pathways in eukaryotic cells.
Bemisia tabaci (MED) (silverleaf whitefly).
Authors: Cuthbertson Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The exact origin of the MED species of Bemisia tabaci, and the reasons why it became such an important pest are still not fully known. MED species has been identified as a distinct member within the B. tabaci species complex (Tay et al., 2012). MED species is also an effective vector of many different plant viruses which, in conjunction with its high level of polyphagy, make it extremely problematic within agricultural regions where crops may be susceptible to viruses acquired from indigenous plants. Despite Bemisia in general being a tropical/sub-tropical whitefly species, MED species can easily be transported on plant species to temperate regions of the world (Cuthbertson and Vänninen, 2015). Within these cooler regions, MED species can survive within a protected environment and could feasibly spread virus diseases to new locations. It is for this reason that B. tabaci and members of its species complex, including MED species are on EPPO A2 Alert list.
Pteroteinon laufella.
Authors: Cock Matthew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Writing about Zophopetes cerymica (which they considered more common) and P. laufella combined, Mariau and Morin (1974) state that attacks can be on palms of all ages, including young palms recently planted out. At this age, defoliation of the plants delays their subsequent development. Outbreaks on older trees are rarer, and the damage often less important; these attacks are generally localized at the edge of plantations. Mariau et al. (1981) add that the highest fronds are the most often damaged. Herder et al. (1994) refer to regular outbreaks of P. laufella on oil palm in southern Côte d'Ivoire. There are no more substantive reports on the impact of the feeding damage by these hesperiids.
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus.
Authors: Webster Craig , Jones Roger 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

CGMMV is a species of virus in the genus Tobamovirus, which was first described in 1935 in England. Between 1935 and 1985 it spread slowly to other countries, but faster between 1986 and 2006, and rapidly between 2007 and 2018. It now occurs on all continents except South America. In cucurbits, it causes a damaging disease that reduces fruit yields and quality and spreads efficiently by plant-to-plant contact transmission. Outbreaks occur in many cucurbit crops including vegetables and fruits (e.g. squash and melons). CGMMV seed transmission occurs in at least nine different cucurbit crop species and this is the main way the virus has spread worldwide. Importation of contaminated seeds constitutes a considerable biosecurity concern for counties still without CGMMV. Its high stability and its persistence in contaminated plant material and soil allow it to survive between growing seasons, making eradication difficult.
Bactrocera oleae (olive fruit fly).
Authors: Varikou K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

B. oleae is considered the most important pest of cultivated olives, Olea europaea L., in many of the areas of the Mediterranean basin, affecting the quality and quantity of both olive oil and table olives (Michelakis and Neuenschwander, 1983; Manousis and Moore, 1987; Economopoulos, 2002). Unlike the fruits attacked by most other Bactrocera spp., olives containing larvae of B. oleae are frequently included in the harvested crop and subsequent oil production.
Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

E. crassipes, a native of South America, is a major freshwater weed in most of the frost-free regions of the world and is generally regarded as the most troublesome aquatic plant (Holm et al., 1997). It has been widely planted as a water ornamental around the world because of its striking flowers. Wherever it has encountered suitable environmental conditions it has spread with phenomenal rapidity to form vast monotypic stands in lakes, rivers and rice paddy fields. Then it adversely affects human activities (fishing, water transport) and biodiversity. It is impossible to eradicate, and often only an integrated management strategy, inclusive of biological control, can provide a long-term solution to this pest.
Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed).
Authors: Mullerova Jana , Parker Chris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

H. mantegazzianum has spread rapidly in a number of European countries after introduction as an ornamental from its native area in Russia and Georgia. It continues to be available as an ornamental, and also occurs as a contaminant of food produce in international trade, and is therefore likely to spread further. It is an undesirable invader on account of its large size, prolific seed production and vigorous growth leading to gross changes in vegetation, obstruction of access to river banks, soil erosion, and serious dermatological effects on skin contact. A large volume of information on this weed is incorporated into the volume by Pysek et al. (2007b).
Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid).
Authors: Wale Melaku 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A. pisum is a major pest of pea, lucerne and clover. Severe damage can occur to peas due to direct feeding and virus spread. Direct feeding on pea results in sap being removed from terminal leaves and the stem. Heavy infestations on pea can cause stunting, deformation, wilting and even death. Plants smaller than 15 cm can easily be killed by aphid infestations, although plants bigger than 15 cm usually suffer only relatively minor damage due to direct feeding. Aphids can also feed on pods, causing them to curl, shrink and only partially fill. Direct feeding therefore leads to yield loss and reductions in crop quality. Bommarco (1991) calculated economic losses in pea through a number of seasons due to A. pisum; with observed yield losses of up to 230 kg/ha. Although direct feeding damage is significant, this aphid is primarily an economic pest on pea due to its ability to transmit viruses. Broad beans and a range of other bean crops can also suffer yield losses, through similar direct feeding impacts, from heavy infestations of A. pisum. On peas and beans, A. pisum secretes honeydew from its siphunculi, which can coat plants, reducing photosynthetic efficiency and resulting in the growth of unsightly sooty moulds.
Pear blister canker viroid.
Authors: Hammond Rosemarie W 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Pear blister canker disease, first reported in France in the 1960's, is caused by pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd). Diseases can occur in several cultivars of pear (Pyrus communis), its major host, but most pear cultivars are tolerant and do not produce symptoms of infection. PBCVd was initially reported in pear and quince, followed by wild pear and nashi and can experimentally infect species in other genera (Chaenomeles, Cydonia, Sorbus, Malus). Transmission through mechanical inoculation from pruning tools and grafting to infective propagative materials is a potential pathway for spread; no animal vector is known and it is not known to be seed transmitted. PBCVd has been reported in several European countries, Malta, Tunisia, Turkey, Australia, Japan, China, and the Americas; the geographic distribution may be underestimated because of symptomless infections in certain hosts. PBCVd was placed on the A1 list in Canada in 1995, listed as a quarantine pest in the United States in 1989, is regarded as quarantine pathogen for Australia, and is listed in a certification scheme to produce clean Pyrus and Cydonia sp. planting material in an OEPP/EPPO Bulletin in 1999 (OEPP/EPPO, 1999).
Peronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew).
Authors: Bock Clive H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

P. sorghi causes sorghum downy mildew, which can result in severe economic losses of both sorghum and maize. It has been a particularly invasive pathogen: it was introduced to the Americas where it has spread on both sorghum and maize causing considerable damage (Frederiksen et al., 1973). Quarantine restrictions probably maintained the USA free of sorghum downy mildew until the early 1960s (Reyes et al., 1964; Frederiksen, 1980a). Information on the spread of the disease and the damage it causes is available in the literature reporting its spread in the USA (Frederiksen et al., 1970) and elsewhere in the Americas (Frezzi, 1970; Grobman, 1975; Burtica et al., 1992).
Raffaelea quercivora (Japanese oak wilt).
Authors: Masuya Hayato 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Raffaelea quercivora, together with ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus as a vector, is the causal agent of Japanese oak wilt. P. quercivorus occurs from south to east Asia, including Japan, and is associated with trees in the Fagaceae family. R. quercivora is considered native to Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. In Japan, Quercus serrata and Q. crispula [Q. mongolica] are particularly susceptible to Japanese oak wilt, with high rates of mortality. Although there have been reports of the co-occurrence of R. quercivora and P. quercivorus outside of Japan, tree mortality caused by this species complex has never been recorded in these cases. R. quercivora is not on an alert list or listed as a regulated pest in any part of its native range. Although R. quercivora/P. quercivorus are not considered invasive, if they were introduced into susceptible oak forests, possibly via international transport of wood products, there is potential for them to cause extensive tree mortality in other geographic regions.
Rosellinia bunodes (black root rot).
Authors: Krauss Ulrike 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Given the difficulty in attributing crop losses solely to R. bunodes, meaningful economic estimates are rare. In coffee (Coffea arabica) in Colombia, losses of $489 ha-1 yr-1 due to Rosellinia have been reported (Bautista and Magdiel, 2000). They were most likely caused by R. bunodes and/or R. pepo. In potato in the Andes, losses due to Rosellinia spp. vary from 20% to 80% and, in prolonged monoculture, can reach 100% (Orellana, 1978).
Striga asiatica (witch weed).
Authors: Parker Chris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

S. asiatica is a hemiparasitic plant, native to Africa and Asia. In common with most other parasitic weeds, it is not especially invasive in natural vegetation, but is much feared in crop land where infestations can build up to ruinous levels, especially with repeated growing of susceptible cereal crops. For this reason it is included in almost all lists of noxious, prohibited plant species. It has recently been reported in Queensland, Australia. There is also evidence for its continuing spread and intensification within a number of countries in Africa in particular in rice in Tanzania and maize in Malawi. A study by Mohamed et al. (2006) suggests that on the basis of climatic data, there are many territories into which Striga species, including S. asiatica, could be introduced and thrive. Global warming could further increase this potential.
Urochloa platyphylla (broadleaf signalgrass).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

U. platyphylla is a weedy grass species commonly found in disturbed, open and sandy sites such as crop fields, ditches and roadsides. It is considered a troublesome weed because of its tolerance to some herbicides principally in maize plantations (Chamblee et al., 1982; Gallaher et al.,1999). U. platyphylla is highly adaptable and it is able to germinate and grow throughout a wide range of soil and environmental conditions (Burke et al., 2003). Additionally, its seeds may remain on the crop residue until pre-emergence herbicides are no longer effective in controlling the germinating seeds, at which time the seeds fall to the soil surface and germinate (Alford et al., 2005).
Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A. angustissima is a thornless shrub up to 4 m in height. This species is originally from Central America and tolerates a wide range of soils and climates, from high altitude pine-oak forests to extremely dry habitats in the lowlands of Mexico. A. angustissima is a deep-rooted nitrogen fixing pioneer, and is valuable in reducing soil erosion. It is a useful browse species, and may also be planted on acid soils. The species flowers prolifically and is a valuable honeybee plant. A. angustissima has shown great promise in recent alley cropping experiments in lowland Papua New Guinea (Brook, 1992), and may outperform more familiar species of Calliandra and Leucaena in biomass production. It performed best in a multipurpose tree evaluation in a range of sites in the same region from 20-1650 m in altitude (Brook et al., 1992). This species also showed promise in a range of trial sites in Zimbabwe, Ghana to Hawaii. Trials so far have been based on seed collected on an opportunistic basis, and further research is required on genetic improvement of the species throughout its range for international provenance trials. In some regions it may become an aggressive colonizer.