bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tensile and flexural behavior of metal/CFRP hybrid laminated plates
Authors: Zhou Chenyu , Li Yonghang , Zhu Guohua , Luo Geng , Zhao Xuan , Yu Qiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetal/CFRP hybrid material system has been recently introduced as an effective alternative for automotive applications. This study aimed to investigate tensile responses and flexural behaviors of aluminum/carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) hybrid laminated plates by comparing with their counterparts made of net CFRP or aluminum materials. The experimental results showed that for the hybrid specimens the tensile strength increased and the tensile modulus decreased with increasing number of CFRP layers. Further, it was found that the bending indicators of the hybrid specimens were in between those of pure CFRP specimen and pure aluminum specimen. With the increasing number of CFRP layers, a reduction in flexural modulus could be observed in the hybrid specimens, while the flexural strength increased. A parametric study was further conducted numerically and it was found that tensile modulus was less influenced by the fiber stacking sequences when the number of 45° CFRP layers was the same, and both tensile modulus and tensile strength decreased with increasing number of 45° CFRP layers. Type II hybrid specimen, fabricated by upper and lower CFRP plates sandwiched with aluminum core, showed the lowest flexural modulus but the highest flexural strength. When the configurational scheme changed from symmetric distribution (type II) into Type I (fabricated by upper CFRP plate and lower aluminum sheet) or Type III (fabricated by upper aluminum sheet and lower CFRP plate), flexural modulus increased but flexural strength decreased. As for the Type II hybrid specimens, the flexural modulus decreased with increasing number of 45° CFRP layers.
The role of branching architecture in shape memory semi‐IPNs: Shape memory effect and tube model analysis
Authors: Li Xingjian , Hou Qing , Zhang Jing , Cui Qiuyue , Xu Shoufang , Ding Xiaobin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe impact of branching architecture of one continuous uncrosslinked phase on properties of classic shape memory semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) was explored. Crosslinked poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/star‐shaped polyethylene glycol (PEG) (PMMA/SPEG) semi‐IPNs and PMMA/linear PEG (PMMA/LPEG) semi‐IPNs were synthesized with the same PEG content. Mechanical properties, phase structure, thermal properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and shape memory properties of these two semi‐IPNs systems were compared. Due to the better compatibility of SPEG in the PMMA network, which was derived from little crystallization compared with PMMA/LPEG semi‐IPNs, PMMA/SPEG semi‐IPNs exhibited a combination of large tensile strength and high elongation at break. PMMA/SPEG semi‐IPNs, which had little crystallization exhibited superior shape recovery versus PMMA/LPEG semi‐IPNs, which had more crystallization. Moreover, the higher the crystallinity in PMMA/PEG semi‐IPNs was the worse long‐term temporary shape retention. Based on tube model theory, the high shape recovery capacity of PMMA/SPEG semi‐IPNs is mainly ascribed to the retraction of free PEG arms, which is entropically favorable and thermally activated due to the fluctuations of the path length. This result is supported by stress relaxation analysis and the influence of long shape fixity time on shape fixity ratio for these two systems.
Intra‐ice and intra‐sediment cryopeg brine occurrence in permafrost near Utqiaġvik (Barrow)
Authors: Iwahana Go , Cooper Zachary S. , Carpenter Shelly D. , Deming Jody W. , Eicken Hajo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCryopeg is a layer within permafrost containing a significant amount of cryotic unfrozen water due to dissolved salts. To explore the origin and development of cryopeg and associated brines found near Utqiaġvik, we sampled extensively within the Barrow Permafrost Tunnel. We found two types of cryopeg brines based on their distinctive locations: (a) intra‐ice brine (IiB), entirely bounded by massive ground ice, and not previously observed in the Northern Hemisphere; and (b) intra‐sediment brine (IsB), found as expected in unfrozen sediments within permafrost. The encountered IiBs were situated in small ellipsoidal or more complex shaped pockets within the massive ice at roughly atmospheric pressure. Radiocarbon dating suggests that the IiB segregated from IsB‐bearing cryopeg beneath the massive ice at about 11 ka BP, at the earliest. From geochemical analyses, IsB lenses were interpreted as having developed through repeated evaporation and cryoconcentration of seawater in a lagoonal environment, then isolated when the surrounding sediment froze and became covered by an upper sediment unit around 40 ka BP or earlier. The discovery of IiB and development of origin scenarios for both brine types validate the importance of high‐resolution sampling as enabled by the unique facility of a permafrost tunnel.
Consequences of the neonicotinoid seed treatment ban on oilseed rape production – what can be learnt from the Swedish experience?
Authors: Lundin Ola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere has been great concern about negative effects on crop production resulting from the ban on insecticide seed treatments containing neonicotinoids. I examine how the neonicotinoid ban has affected crop protection and crop production in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) using Sweden as a case study and compare the Swedish situation with that in leading countries growing winter and spring oilseed rape, respectively. The cropping area of winter and spring oilseed rape in Sweden has increased by approximately 40% to around 100 000 ha and decreased by approximately 90% to around 4000 ha, respectively following the ban and there are trends for increased pest and disease pressure. Overall, however, the ban has not had any major impacts on total oilseed rape cropping area or crop yields per hectare of either winter or spring oilseed rape, which is in contrast to elsewhere in Europe. In Germany and the United Kingdom, for example, the cropping area has decreased following the ban on neonicotinoid seed treatments, attributed to increased insect pest pressure especially from cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala. I conclude that winter oilseed rape has remained a viable crop to grow in Sweden without insecticide seed treatments, but that further investments into integrated pest management are needed for sustainable insect pest control in oilseed rape in the future. © 2021 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Bidentate Phosphonate‐Functionalized Ionic Liquid Exhibiting Better Ability in Improving the Performance of Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Sang Kunming , Wang Binbin , Ge Jiawen , Zhu Taofeng , Jiang Yufei , Zhao Lingling , Zhou Mingjiong , Liang Hongze 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, flame retarding phosphonate‐functionalized imidazolium ionic liquids (PFILs) were synthesized and employed as electrolyte additives for Li/LiFePO4 half‐cells. Physical and electrochemical properties, including ionic conductivity, electrochemical properties, electrochemical oxidation limit, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and lithium‐ion transference number (TLi+), were investigated. The results demonstrate that the addition of PFIL can improve the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Hybrid electrolyte with 10 wt % bidentate phosphonate‐functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid (b‐PFIL) exhibits more excellent electrochemical oxidation stability (up to 4.77 V vs. Li/Li+), capacity retention (87.3 % after 400 cycles) and rate capability. These improvements can be ascribed to the enhanced lithium‐ion transference number (TLi+), which results from the stronger binding affinity between chelating b‐PFIL and LiPF6.
Function delivery network: Extending serverless computing for heterogeneous platforms
Authors: Jindal Anshul , Gerndt Michael , Chadha Mohak , Podolskiy Vladimir , Chen Pengfei 
Published: March 2021

SummaryServerless computing has rapidly grown following the launch of Amazon's Lambda platform. Function‐as‐a‐Service (FaaS) a key enabler of serverless computing allows an application to be decomposed into simple, standalone functions that are executed on a FaaS platform. The FaaS platform is responsible for deploying and facilitating resources to the functions. Several of today's cloud applications spread over heterogeneous connected computing resources and are highly dynamic in their structure and resource requirements. However, FaaS platforms are limited to homogeneous clusters and homogeneous functions and do not account for the data access behavior of functions before scheduling. We introduce an extension of FaaS to heterogeneous clusters and to support heterogeneous functions through a network of distributed heterogeneous target platforms called Function Delivery Network (FDN). A target platform is a combination of a cluster of homogeneous nodes and a FaaS platform on top of it. FDN provides Function‐Delivery‐as‐a‐Service (FDaaS), delivering the function to the right target platform. We showcase the opportunities such as varied target platform's characteristics, possibility of collaborative execution between multiple target platforms, and localization of data that the FDN offers in fulfilling two objectives: Service Level Objective (SLO) requirements and energy efficiency when scheduling functions by evaluating over five distributed target platforms using the FDNInspector, a tool developed by us for benchmarking distributed target platforms. Scheduling functions on an edge target platform in our evaluation reduced the overall energy consumption by 17× without violating the SLO requirements in comparison to scheduling on a high‐end target platform.
Association of clinical characteristics and lifestyle factors with fecal S100/calgranulin concentrations in healthy dogs
Authors: Heilmann Romy M. , Guard Melissa M. , Toresson Linda , Unterer Stefan , Grellet Aurélien , Grützner Niels , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Joerg M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFecal S100/calgranulin (S100A12 and calprotectin) concentrations are useful markers of gastrointestinal inflammation in dogs. In people, fecal S100/calgranulin concentrations are affected by age, obesity, diet and other lifestyle factors. Knowledge about the effects of such factors on fecal S100/calgranulin concentrations in dogs is currently scarce.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between several factors and fecal S100/calgranulin concentrations in a large cohort of healthy adult dogs.MethodsSingle‐spot fecal samples from 181 healthy pet dogs and data derived from a standard questionnaire served to evaluate the effect of age, sex, reproductive status, body weight and body condition, breed type and size, vaccination, endoparasite treatment, diet, environment and travel history on fecal S100/calgranulin concentrations and the fecal calgranulin ratio (fCalR).ResultsUnivariate analysis showed a significant association of reproductive status (in female dogs) and breed size with fecal S100A12, fecal calprotectin and fCalR. Breed type was linked to fecal S100A12 concentrations and fCalR; recent vaccination (particularly with a vaccine against canine parvovirus) to fCalR. In multivariate models, breed size was linked to fecal S100A12 and calprotectin concentrations, and recent vaccination affected S100A12 concentrations.ConclusionsBreed size, recent vaccination and reproductive status in female dogs can affect fecal S100/calgranulin concentrations, and these biomarkers should be interpreted in light of those confounding factors. The utility of reference intervals for fecal canine S100/calgranulin concentrations might be improved through stratification by sex/reproductive status and breed size. Fecal canine S100/calgranulin concentrations are not confounded by age, body condition, deworming, diet, environment or travel history.
Attitudes of Social Media Users Toward Mountain Lions in North America
Authors: Greenspan Evan , Larue Michelle A. , Nielsen Clayton K. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTSocial media is often used to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and engage the public, which can change the public's attitudes and behaviors and may be used to benefit conservation. Moreover, widespread social media use provides an alternative data sourcing platform to inexpensively access countless potential respondents. However, social media data have rarely been used in conservation regardless of the potential benefit to conservation science and practice. We administered a questionnaire via the #CougarOrNot Twitter game, a mountain lion‐focused social media campaign, during 26 December 2016 through 16 February 2018, to access a large respondent sample (n = 1,481) and assess a subset of social media users’ attitudes toward mountain lions in North America. We then used cumulative link models in an information theoretic approach to gauge the association between respondent level of engagement with #CougarOrNot and other sociodemographic predictors with user attitudes toward mountain lions. Respondent attitudes toward mountain lions were largely positive (83%), with frequent participants in #CougarOrNot, females, pet owners, nonconsumptive recreators, and households with fewer children exhibiting positive attitudes. #CougarOrNot participation had a stronger correlation with respondent attitudes toward mountain lions than commonly used predictors employed in prior studies (i.e. age, education level, livestock ownership). #CougarOrNot may promote positive attitudes toward mountain lions, though additional research is needed to determine the direct effects of playing the game. Stakeholders interested in mountain lion conservation or other conservation topics could be identified via social media networks attached to specific outreach campaigns and possibly mobilized to support conservation actions that aid mountain lions and conservation in general. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Jacobi sigma models
Authors: Bascone Francesco , Pezzella Franco , Vitale Patrizia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We introduce a two-dimensional sigma model associated with a Jacobi manifold. The model is a generalisation of a Poisson sigma model providing a topological open string theory. In the Hamiltonian approach first class constraints are derived, which generate gauge invariance of the model under diffeomorphisms. The reduced phase space is finite-dimensional. By introducing a metric tensor on the target, a non-topological sigma model is obtained, yielding a Polyakov action with metric and B-field, whose target space is a Jacobi manifold.
Neutrino masses from low scale partial compositeness
Authors: Chacko Zackaria , Fox Patrick J. , Harnik Roni , Liu Zhen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider a class of models in which the neutrinos acquire Majorana masses through mixing with singlet neutrinos that emerge as composite states of a strongly coupled hidden sector. In this framework, the light neutrinos are partially composite particles that obtain their masses through the inverse seesaw mechanism. We focus on the scenario in which the strong dynamics is approximately conformal in the ultraviolet, and the compositeness scale lies at or below the weak scale. The small parameters in the Lagrangian necessary to realize the observed neutrino masses can naturally arise as a consequence of the scaling dimensions of operators in the conformal field theory. We show that this class of models has interesting implications for a wide variety of experiments, including colliders and beam dumps, searches for lepton flavor violation and neutrinoless double beta decay, and cosmological observations. At colliders and beam dumps, this scenario can give rise to striking signals involving multiple displaced vertices. The exchange of hidden sector states can lead to observable rates for flavor violating processes such as μ → eγ and μ → e conversion. If the compositeness scale lies at or below a hundred MeV, the rate for neutrinoless double beta decay is suppressed by form factors and may be reduced by an order of magnitude or more. The late decays of relic singlet neutrinos can give rise to spectral distortions in the cosmic microwave background that are large enough to be observed in future experiments.
ZH production in gluon fusion: two-loop amplitudes with full top quark mass dependence
Authors: Chen Long , Heinrich Gudrun , Jones Stephen P. , Kerner Matthias , Klappert Jonas , Schlenk Johannes 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present results for the two-loop helicity amplitudes entering the NLO QCD corrections to the production of a Higgs boson in association with a Z -boson in gluon fusion. The two-loop integrals, involving massive top quarks, are calculated numerically. Results for the interference of the finite part of the two-loop amplitudes with the Born amplitude are shown as a function of the two kinematic invariants on which the amplitudes depend.
Cerebrovascular development: mechanisms and experimental approaches
Authors: Chico Timothy J. A. , Kugler Elisabeth C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe cerebral vasculature plays a central role in human health and disease and possesses several unique anatomic, functional and molecular characteristics. Despite their importance, the mechanisms that determine cerebrovascular development are less well studied than other vascular territories. This is in part due to limitations of existing models and techniques for visualisation and manipulation of the cerebral vasculature. In this review we summarise the experimental approaches used to study the cerebral vessels and the mechanisms that contribute to their development.
Oxidative stress and impaired oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation in neurological disorders
Authors: Spaas Jan , van Veggel Lieve , Schepers Melissa , Tiane Assia , van Horssen Jack , Wilson David M. , Moya Pablo R. , Piccart Elisabeth , Hellings Niels , Eijnde Bert O. , Derave Wim , Schreiber Rudy , Vanmierlo Tim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) account for 5% of the resident parenchymal central nervous system glial cells. OPCs are not only a back-up for the loss of oligodendrocytes that occurs due to brain injury or inflammation-induced demyelination (remyelination) but are also pivotal in plastic processes such as learning and memory (adaptive myelination). OPC differentiation into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes is controlled by a complex transcriptional network and depends on high metabolic and mitochondrial demand. Mounting evidence shows that OPC dysfunction, culminating in the lack of OPC differentiation, mediates the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Importantly, neurodegeneration is characterised by oxidative and carbonyl stress, which may primarily affect OPC plasticity due to the high metabolic demand and a limited antioxidant capacity associated with this cell type. The underlying mechanisms of how oxidative/carbonyl stress disrupt OPC differentiation remain enigmatic and a focus of current research efforts. This review proposes a role for oxidative/carbonyl stress in interfering with the transcriptional and metabolic changes required for OPC differentiation. In particular, oligodendrocyte (epi)genetics, cellular defence and repair responses, mitochondrial signalling and respiration, and lipid metabolism represent key mechanisms how oxidative/carbonyl stress may hamper OPC differentiation in neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding how oxidative/carbonyl stress impacts OPC function may pave the way for future OPC-targeted treatment strategies in neurodegenerative disorders.
Langfristige Therapiekonzepte bei Osteoporose
Authors: Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Fössl Ines , Dimai Hans Peter 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Notwendigkeit einer Langzeittherapie bei Osteoporose, eine teils eingeschränkte Compliance, aber auch die Möglichkeit von erheblichen Nebenwirkungen bei einer pharmakologischen Osteoporosetherapie beschäftigen sowohl die medizinischen Richtlinien als auch die Betroffenen in vielfacher Weise. In dieser Übersicht wird auf den Stand der zur Verfügung stehenden Osteoporosepharmazeutika und die aktuellen wissenschaftlich fundierten Grundlagen einer langjährigen Anwendung, das potenzielle Monitoring und mögliche Therapieänderungen mit dem spezifischen Augenmerk auf künftige Entwicklungen eingegangen.
Lattice strain during compressive loading of AlCrFeNiTi multi-principal element alloys
Authors: Reiberg M. , Li X. , Maawad E. , Werner E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) with the five base elements Al, Cr, Fe, Ni and Ti plus elements in minor amounts were produced by powder metallurgy and their microstructure and elastic behavior were analyzed via light and scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The two studied compositions are an MPEA with Al, Cr, Fe, Ni and Ti in equimolar ratio as well as a similar composition with a concentration of Ti reduced to 10 mol%. The goal is to analyze the microstructural behavior of these compositions during macroscopic loading in dependence of chemical composition and phases present. Analysis via synchrotron X-ray diffraction predicts the presence of body-centered cubic phases, Full Heusler-phases and C14_Laves-phases in both compositions, MPEA5 and MPEA_Ti10. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction offers the possibility to monitor the deformation of these phases during macroscopic loading of specimens. Thermodynamic calculations of stable phases predicted a microstructure of MPEA5 consisting of body-centered cubic and Full Heusler-phases at room temperature. Further calculation and X-ray diffraction experiments showed the stabilization of minor amounts of C14_Laves-phase ($$\hbox {Fe}_2\hbox {Ti}$$

Fe
2

Ti

) at room temperature with a decreasing amount of Ti. MPEA5 showed the development of long and un-branched cracks during compressive testing, which resulted in a remarkable decrease in lattice-dependent elastic moduli. MPEA_Ti10 exhibited branched cracks during compression tests. Also, the lattice-dependent elastic moduli of MPEA_Ti10 did not change notably during the compression tests. In both compositions, the Full Heusler-phase showed the lowest lattice-dependent elastic moduli, hence taking the largest share of the overall deformation among all phases present in the materials under macroscopic loading.