bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trends of Dietary Risk Factors after a Diagnosis of Kidney Stones
Authors: Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Cunha Tamara Da Silva , Taylor Eric N. , Curhan Gary C. 
Published: November 2021

Background and objectives
Diet is an important contributor to kidney stone formation, but there are limited data regarding long-term changes in dietary factors after a kidney stone.

Design, setting, participants & measurements
We analyzed data from three longitudinal cohorts, the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study and Nurses’ Health Study I and II, comparing changes in dietary factors in participants with and without kidney stones during follow-up. The daily intake of dietary calcium, supplemental calcium, animal protein, caffeine, fructose, potassium, sodium, oxalate, phytate, vitamin D, vitamin C, sugar-sweetened beverages, fluids, net endogenous acid production, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score were assessed by repeat food frequency questionnaires and computed as absolute differences; a difference-in-differences approach was used to account for temporal changes using data from participants without kidney stones from the same calendar period.

Results
Included were 184,398 participants with no history of kidney stones, 7095 of whom became confirmed stone formers. Several intakes changed significantly over time in stone formers, with some showing a relative increase up to 8 years later, including caffeine (difference in differences, 8.8 mg/d; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.4 to 14.1), potassium (23.4 mg/d; 95% CI, 4.6 to 42.3), phytate (12.1 mg/d; 95% CI, 2.5 to 21.7), sodium (43.1 mg/d; 95% CI, 19.8 to 66.5), and fluids (47.1 ml/d; 95% CI, 22.7 to 71.5). Other dietary factors showed a significant decrease, such as oxalate (−7.3 mg/d; 95% CI, −11.4 to −3.2), vitamin C (−34.2 mg/d; 95% CI, −48.8 to −19.6), and vitamin D (−18.0 IU/d; 95% CI, −27.9 to −8.0). A significant reduction was observed in sugar-sweetened beverages intake of −0.5 (95% CI, −0.8 to −0.3) and −1.4 (95% CI, −1.8 to −1.0) servings per week and supplemental calcium of −105.1 (95% CI, −135.4 to −74.7) and −69.4 (95% CI, −95.4 to −43.4) mg/d for women from Nurses’ Health Study I and II, respectively. Animal protein, dietary calcium, fructose intake, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score, and net endogenous acid production did not change significantly over time.

Conclusions
After the first episode of a kidney stone, mild and inconsistent changes were observed concerning dietary factors associated with kidney stone formation.
The Pricing of IPO Audit Specialization and Subsequent Issuer Underpricing
Authors: Park Jung Eun , Massel Norman 
Published: November 2021

SYNOPSIS
We study the costs and benefits to the issuer of engaging an initial public offering (IPO) auditor specialist. We measure IPO auditor specialization and then find that IPO specialist auditors earn significant fee premiums relative to IPO auditors without specialization and that clients with an IPO specialist auditor exhibit lower levels of underpricing relative to clients without an IPO specialist auditor. We also demonstrate that IPO specialist auditors provide higher quality audits than IPO auditors without IPO audit specialization, finding that their IPO clients have a lower likelihood of financial misstatement and have lower discretionary accruals. Collectively, our results have important implications for the auditing profession and capital markets because we demonstrate empirical evidence of the costs and benefits of engaging IPO specialist auditors.
One-year comparative assessment of retention of arch width increases between modified vacuum-formed and Hawley retainers:
Authors: Ashari Asma , Xian Lew , Syed Mohamed Alizae Marny Fadzlin , Wahab Rohaya Megat Abdul , Kit Yeoh Chiew , Tata Malathi Deva , Sinnasamy Sindhu , Kuppusamy Elavarasi 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare the clinical effectiveness of Hawley retainers (HRs) and modified vacuum-formed retainers (mVFRs) with palatal coverage in maintaining transverse expansion during a 12-month retention period.

Materials and Methods
Data were collected from postorthodontic treatment patients who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 35 patients were randomly allocated using a centralized randomization technique into either mVFR (n = 18) or HR group (n = 17). The outcome assessor and data analyst were blinded to the retention method. Dental casts of patients were evaluated at debond, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months of retention. Intercanine width (ICW), interpremolar width (IPMW), interfirst molar mesiobuccal cusp width 1 (IFMW1), and interfirst molar distobuccal cusp width 2 (IFMW2) were compared between groups over time using mixed analysis of variance.

Results
No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups for ICW (P = .76), IPMW (P = .63), IFMW1 (P = .16), and IFMW2 (P = .40) during the 12-month retention period.

Conclusions
The null hypothesis could not be rejected. HR and mVFR had similar clinical effectiveness in the retention of transverse expansion cases during a 12-month retention period.
The Biophilic Approach to Qualify the Inhabitant-Nature Relationship in the Domestic Space: The Case of the City of El Kala, Algeria
Authors: Djouad Fatima Zahra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
El Kala is a city on the edge of eastern Algeria, located in an exceptional natural landscape, classified as a world biosphere reserve in 1990 by UNESCO. The diversity of nature within the domestic space leads to research and study its place and value for the inhabitants and encourages to think about how to qualify the relationship between inhabitants and nature through the domestic space. This study is based on a biophilic approach, adapted to the architectural scale, based on a landscape and architectural analysis. The results obtained show that the observed biophilic design is only a means to build a relationship with nature by the inhabitants. The objective of this article is to highlight the contribution of the biophilic approach in determining the behaviour of the inhabitants of the city of El Kala.
Valorization Methodology for Agriculture Sector Climate Change Mitigation Measures
Authors: Gancone Agita , Pubule Jelena , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Agriculture sector holds an essential role in Latvia’s economy and play significant role in keeping rural areas as a habitable environment (approximately 32 % of the population lives in rural areas). The agricultural sector is responsible for 28.5 % (2018) of total non-European Union Emissions Trading System (non – EU ETS) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Latvia. The largest part of emissions is related to agricultural soils (59.3 %) and enteric fermentation 32.6 % (mainly dairy and beef cattle). The GHG emissions trend of recent years shows a gradual and steady increase in GHG emissions for example between 2005 and 2018 +12.5 % and during the period 2013–2018 emissions increased by 2.12 %. According to Latvia’s National Energy and Climate Plan 2021–2030 (NECP), total GHG emissions in the agricultural sector are expected to increase in the period from 2020 to 2030, mainly in the enteric fermentation and agricultural soil categories. To achieve determined targets for Latvia’s non-EU ETS sector in 2030 and be on track to reach climate neutrality in 2050, the agricultural sector has to contribute to GHG emission mitigation. For the agricultural sector, improved food security and climate smart activities will be necessary to achieve GHG emission reduction. Existing policies and measures (WEM) as well as those which are included in the NECP as additional measures (WAM) were used to assess more suitable measures to move on climate smart agriculture (CSA), that could help to decrease GHG emissions at the farm and state level as well as is expected to contribute towards achieving the commitments in the plan. To achieve the aim of the study, a combination of the Delphi method together with multi-criteria analysis (MCA) is utilized to find a set of top GHG mitigation measures in the future. Results show that, in the future, the measure support the development of innovative technologies and solutions to promote resource efficiency in agriculture is essential to move on climate smart agriculture.
Optimization of the Geometric Parameters of the Thermal Insulation of the Heating System by Using Multi-Pipe Circular Thermal Insulation
Authors: Teleszewski Tomasz Janusz , Krawczyk Dorota Anna , Rodero Antonio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The publication presents a design solution for circular multi-pipe thermal insulation and an example of an existing heating installation consisting of six individual heating pipes in the building of the Bialystok University of Technology. In the paper, the arrangement of six heating system pipes in circular thermal insulation was designed in such a way that one heating pipe is centrally located in the circular thermal insulation, the other five heating pipes are located at the vertices of a regular pentagon inside the circular thermal insulation. Heat loss calculations were made using the Boundary Elements Method (BEM) with the actual boundary conditions in the room where the existing heating installation is located. Additionally, the ecological effect was determined in the form of reduction of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere resulting from heat losses for the developed multi-pipe thermal insulation. The calculation results showed a significant reduction in heat losses as a result of the use of multi-pipe thermal insulation in relation to the existing single heating installation. The use of multi-pipe insulation undoubtedly follows the trend of energy-saving heat transport and is an alternative to the commonly used single pipes.
Features of the Technology of Application of Industrial Waste in the Construction of Constructive Layers of Roadwear
Authors: Shanbayev Maxat , Turgumbayeva Khalima , Blumberga Dagnija , Beysekova Tuleuzhan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this article, work was carried out to study the chemical, mineralogical composition and toxicological properties of waste (phosphogypsum, phosphorus slags, overburden) of the phosphorus industry, the optimal content of the grain composition of gravel-sand mixtures in the composition of road mixtures (crushed stone, sand-gravel, sand) and structures of the Zhambyl region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The possibilities of using slag-mineral mixtures in the year - round construction of highways were studied on the basis of a comprehensive study of the physicochemical processes of hardening and the formation of the structure of slag-mineral materials at negative temperatures. Technological regimes for the construction of roads of various technical categories from slag binding materials, reformed after long-term freezing, have been established. New, unparalleled, binding road mixtures have been created to increase the utilization of waste from the phosphorus industry and expand the raw material base of road building materials. The main directions of application of road mixtures based on industrial waste for the purposes of road construction have been developed: construction of structural layers of road pavements; construction of road bed layers.
An Instructional Framework for Technology-Based Classroom Tuition of ELP Students
Authors: Ignatkina Anastasia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In modern ELP teaching practices online media products are commonly used as resources of educational content. Although the idea that ICT has brought classrooms in our pockets is generally perceived as a positive trend, the overview of recent inquiries into the use of technology in education has revealed a number of contradictory findings connected with multimedia learning. On the one hand, a multiplicity of strengths of online environments such as YouTube channels, Apps, podcasts, etc. is highlighted in the studies exploring the potential of multimedia applications for language learning. On the other hand, there is a significant number of studies which demonstrate opposite observations resulting from the research of the effects of the medium (printed and technology-based) on learning outcomes: some authors argue that students overwhelmingly prefer print over electronic formats for learning purposes, others infer that multiple factors affect learners’ actual behaviors and there is no solid evidence proving the priority of one over the other.
Cognitive psychologists are more precise in this point: looking into how people process information they affirm that to be effective instructional framework should not ignore human cognitive architecture. Drawing upon recent studies in the field of designing educational media with regard of cognitive, behavioral, and attitudinal aspects of learning the exploratory study reported in this paper attempts to bridge the cognitive and educational theories to specify the framework of technology-based classes for ELP students. Through three courses of in-depth structured interviews with 58 Russian undergraduate law students doing an ELP course in Saratov State Law Academy, Russia, particular focus was placed on an individual learner’s (1) information coding style, (2) information processing style and (3) reading style. The results of the research suggest some ideas on developing an instructional framework for ELP technology-based classroom tuition taking considering the principles of cognitive teaching.
Comparative Conceptual Analysis in a Legal Translation Classroom: Where Do the Pitfalls Lie
Authors: Klabal Ondřej , Kubánek Michal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is a well-acknowledged fact in legal translation studies that when searching for terminological equivalents, translators should make use of comparative conceptual analysis (e.g. Sandrini 1996; Chromá 2014; Engberg 2015). Thus, legal translation trainees should be equipped with the necessary tools to carry out such analysis, but the question remains: are they? This paper is a follow-up to a study published in 2017 (Klabal, Knap-Dlouhá and Kubánek 2017), where modified think aloud protocols were used to explore the following research question: to what degree are university students doing a course in legal and economic translation able to apply the methods of comparative conceptual analysis to translation of terms not accounted for sufficiently in legal dictionaries or terms with no straightforward equivalents. The results showed that major issues involve non-linearity of the analysis carried out and insufficient use of the resources available. The present study involves a different group of 29 BA students of the same course two years later, who were assigned the same task. As the retrospective protocols fail to simulate real-life conditions, this study uses screen recording and keystroke logging to track the processes leading to the identification of the conceptual equivalent in a more detailed and less subject-dependent manner. The results suggest that the steps most challenging for students include identification of relevant (essential) features defining the source and target language concepts, comparison of these features and selection, or creation, of an equivalent term reflecting the results of the analysis. Students also frequently show Google-driven searching, which influences the order of the steps performed in their analyses and the sources used. To address these challenges, translation training should include a range of tailor-made exercises focusing on the critical steps of the analysis as well as on improving web searching skills.
Comparative Law and Language with Reference to Case Law
Authors: Skytioti Sotiria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Comparative law is necessary in the modern era in which legal systems absorb ideas and elements from other legal systems and customary legal classifications are altered. Comparative law is closely intertwined with language because the research of different legal systems presupposes the study of legal texts written in different languages. Even if translation exists, a totally crucial issue arises: can the legal essence of the case law of a country be interpreted appropriately in any language but the original?
The link between law and language constitutes an absolutely essential relation, since language – through translation – is often the only way of accessing foreign law of foreign countries with different languages. So, the aforementioned relationship as well as its results in case law will be the main topic of this article.
First of all, the use of language is of outmost importance to any legal system, as it serves as the means of enforcing written legal rules and contributes to their dissemination, codification and evolution. Both law and language are cultural phenomena and this is why they must be studied taking into account the temporal and social circumstances. Living in the era of multicultural societies and immigration, the need of not just translating but rather transferring the legal essence of the jurisprudence among the different countries with different cultures give prominence to the essential link between comparative law and language systems.
Studying case law is regarded as a possibility to redirect judges and lawyers’ attention to the fact that the interpretation of the legal judgement is the cornerstone of a whole legal system of another country. The dynamic relationship of law and language dictates the result of the translation and interpretation of the case law of a specific country in relation to the case law of another country. Thus, comparative law comes out to serve as the guardian of the legal essence in order to transfer the legal point of the judge among different societies with different languages.
How to Write (Science) Better. Simplified English Principles in a Skill-Oriented ESP Course
Authors: Śleszyńska Monika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTeaching writing to doctoral students or academics at a technical university is a challenging task. Because they need to publish their research findings in English to pursue academic careers, they are usually highly motivated and expect a lot of the class. Their language competences, however, very often lack enough proficiency and may contribute to manuscript rejection. The paper focuses on language issues based on the rules of controlled natural languages (CNLs) and guidelines of Plain English. It shows how employing these issues improves grammatical quality and readability of science-oriented written texts. The paper describes four principles: removing nominalisation and using the so-called strong verbs to make the message simpler and more direct; combining nouns in strings to express complex ideas economically; applying grammatical consistency for coordinate elements in sentences to make them less chaotic; and reducing wordiness to obtain a more precise and comprehensible piece of writing. Sample phrases and sentences from authentic student writing as well as their improved versions are provided to each of the guidelines so that a reader has a deeper insight into how the principles work in a specialist context. Because problems with, for example, research papers, grant proposals or reports are common to various disciplines and at various levels, the Author of the paper draws conclusions that these principles should be implemented not only in a technical but also legal, medical and business writing course offered by English teachers to both young researchers and experienced scientists.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF ACTIVE MATERIALS OF RADIAL AND AXIAL ASYNCHRONOUS MACHINES OF THE ELECTRIC DRIVE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INSTALLATIONS
Authors: АВТАЙКИН И.Н. , КВОН А.М. 
Published: November 2021

Представлен сравнительный анализ эффективности использования основных материалов в процессе электромеханического преобразования энергии в электродвигателях радиальной и аксиальной конструкций одинаковой мощности, исходя из величин энергий магнитных полей, сосредоточенных в воздушных зазорах машин. В качестве базовой выбрана конструкция радиальной машины из библиотеки программного комплекса Ansys Electronics 19.2. Рассчитаны соотношения энергий в воздушном зазоре радиальной и аксиальной машин с учетом неоднородности в зубцовой зоне и нелинейности кривой намагничивания стали статора и ротора (WMδР/W MδА = 1,569) и без учета этого (WMδР/WMδА= =1,292). Установлено, что энергоэффективность радиальных асинхронных электрических машин на 29,2–56,9% выше, чем аксиальных. Радиальные конструкции также имеют преимущества по массогабаритным показателям, но по удобству сопряжения и компоновки предпочтительней аксиальные конструкции. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при технико-экономическом выборе электродвигателя для привода технологических установок.
A comparative analysis of the efficiency of the use of basic materials in the process of Electromechanical energy conversion in electric motors of radial and axial structures of the same power, based on the energy of magnetic fields concentrated in the air gaps of machines, is presented. The structure of the radial machine from the library of the Ansys Electronics 19.2 software package is chosen as the basic one. The ratios of energy in the air gap of the radial and axial machines taking into account the heterogeneity in the tooth area and the nonlinearity of the magnetization curve of steel of the stator and rotor are calculated – 1,569 and 1,292, respectively. It is established that the energy efficiency of radial asynchronous electric machines is 29,2–56,9% higher than the axial ones. Radial construction also has advantages in terms of weight and dimensions, but the axial construction is preferable for ease of pairing and layout. The results of the study can be used in the technical and economic selection of the electric motor for the drive of technological installations.
APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF INTERNAL FRICTION TO THE INVESTIGATION OF FOOD SYSTEMS
Authors: АНТИПОВА Л.В. , ТИТОВ С.А. , ЖДАНОВ В.Н. , КАРПАК А.Н. 
Published: November 2021

Предложена методика экспериментального определения внутреннего трения в пищевых материалах, а также устройство на основе крутильного маятника с лазерной регистрацией угла поворота, обеспечивающее минимальное относительное смещение слоев исследуемого материала в процессе измерений. Приведены примеры применения измерений внутреннего трения как вспомогательного реологического метода при исследовании пищевых систем: комплексном исследовании гидратации сахаров и пищевых спиртов; для анализа структурообразования в гелях, образованных яблочным, цитрусовым и свекловичным пектинами, а также их смесями; при изучении процесса осаждения белковых отложений на мембранах при ультра- и нанофильтрации молочной сыворотки. В отличие от вискозиметра приборы для измерения внутреннего трения можно использовать для определения реологических параметров как жидкостей, так и твердых тел, что делает метод внутреннего трения удобным для изучения фазовых переходов воды в пищевых продуктах, например при их заморозке и сушке.
The method of experimental determination of internal friction in food materials and device based on a torsion pendulum with laser registration of the angle of rotation, providing a minimum relative displacement of the layers of the material under investigation during the measurement process, are proposed. Examples of the use of internal friction measurements as an auxiliary rheological method in the investigation of food systems are given: a comprehensive investigation of hydration of sugars and food alcohols; for the analysis of structure formation in gels formed by apple, citrus and beet pectins, as well as their mixtures; in the study of the deposition of protein deposits on membranes during ultra- and nanofiltration of whey. Unlike viscometer devices for measuring internal friction can be used to determine the rheological parameters of both liquids and solids, which makes the method of internal friction convenient for the study of phase transitions of water in food products, such as freezing and drying.