bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poisoning the information well?
Authors: Tandoc Jr. Edson C. , Duffy Andrew , Jones-Jang S Mo , Wen Pin Winnie Goh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study examines the impact of fake news discourse on perceptions of news media credibility. If participants
are told they have been exposed to fake news, does this lead them to trust information institutions less, including the news
media? Study 1 (n = 188) found that news media credibility decreased when participants were told they saw fake
news, while news credibility did not change when participants were told they saw real news. Study 2 (n = 400)
found that those who saw fake news – and were told they saw a fake news post – decreased their trust in the news media while those
who saw fake news and were not debriefed did not change their perceptions of the news media. This shows that the social impact of
fake news is not limited to its direct consequences of misinforming individuals, but also includes the potentially adverse effects
of discussing fake news.
A corpus-assisted analysis of the discursive construction of LGBT Singaporeans in media coverage of Pink Dot
Authors: Phillips Robert 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Beginning in spring 2009 and continuing annually since, members of Singapore’s LGBT communities have assembled at Hong Lim
Park at an event dubbed Pink Dot. The original goal of the gathering was to help build a more inclusive nation by standing up to
discrimination faced by LGBT Singaporeans. While the early Pink Dot events were all but ignored by the mainstream state-run press, the
change in tone, the increasing number of attendees, and the participation by members of the ruling People’s Action Party and their families
made the gathering impossible to ignore. This paper uses a corpus-based keywords analysis to evaluate the main lexical differences between
the media coverage of Pink Dot by the state-run press and that of the sociopolitical blog The Online Citizen. Two separate
language corpora (State Media and Online Citizen), each containing approximately 111,000 words, were compiled from available coverage of
Pink Dot dating from 2009 to 2018. Using SketchEngine (Kilgarriff et al. 2004, 2014), top keywords and phrases were identified by comparing these corpora to each other. Through a
preliminary exploration of the collocational environments and the concordance lines adjoining these keywords, this paper sheds light on how
language is being deployed in an attempt to sway a debate of great national and regional significance.
A typology of Goal-Source marking in transfer events
Authors: Kittilä Seppo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the coding of Goals and Sources from a cross-linguistic perspective and proposes a formal-functional typology based on how animacy and direction affect their coding. The proposed typology comprises three types; Goal vs. Source-languages, animacy and direction-languages, and variable types. The paper shows that the coding of Goals and Sources is primarily conditioned by their semantic roles (by the direction of transfer/motion), but animacy makes an important contribution in some languages as well. Moreover, the paper will also show that animacy affects the coding of Goals more drastically than it affects the coding of Sources. Goals and Sources differ from each other also in that Goals are more often coded by cases, while Sources are usually more peripheral participants and they are thus often marked by adpositions. One of the proposed reasons for this is found in the goal-oriented nature of humans.
A review of the structural diversity of [P
x
S
y
]
n

− motifs and their potential application prospects in metal thiophosphates
Authors: Yang Ya , Song Miao , Wu Xiaowen , Wu Kui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Metal thiophosphates have wide potential critical applications in various fields, such as nonlinear optical materials, magnetic materials, photoluminescence materials and solid electrolytes. However, a detailed review of the relationship among structure, performance and application in thiophosphates has not been reported so far. In this work, we have undertaken integrated generalization for the structural features and application prospects of 312 known metal thiophosphates (117 ternary and 195 quaternary). A survey of their crystal structures shows that they have various link modes used to form the [P
x
S
y
]
n

− ligands through the [PS4]3− building unit, for example, the ethane-like [P2S6]4− dimer, edge-sharing [P2S6]2−, corner-sharing [P2S7]4−, cyclic [P3S9]3− cluster, corner-sharing [P3S10]5− cluster, corner-sharing [P4S13]6− cluster and corner-sharing [P4S12]4− ring. Interestingly, various (P-S) ligands can also link other motifs to compose different structural features including zero-dimensional (0D) clusters, 1D chains, 2D layers and 3D networks. A detailed survey provides clear recognition of the inherent structure–performance relationship for thiophosphates and this result also illustrates that thiophosphates have huge potential as superior multifunctional materials.
Estimating the mechanical energy of histotripsy bubble clouds with high frame rate imaging
Authors: Bader Kenneth B , Wallach Emily L , Shekhar Himanshu , Flores-Guzman Fernando , Halpern Howard J , Hernandez Sonia L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mechanical ablation with the focused ultrasound therapy histotripsy relies on the generation and action of bubble clouds. Despite its critical role for ablation, quantitative metrics of bubble activity to gauge treatment outcomes are still lacking. Here, plane wave imaging was used to track the dissolution of bubble clouds following initiation with the histotripsy pulse. Information about the rate of change in pixel intensity was coupled with an analytic diffusion model to estimate bubble size. Accuracy of the hybrid measurement/model was assessed by comparing the predicted and measured dissolution time of the bubble cloud. Good agreement was found between predictions and measurements of bubble cloud dissolution times in agarose phantoms and murine subcutaneous SCC VII tumors. The analytic diffusion model was extended to compute the maximum bubble size as well as energy imparted to the tissue due to bubble expansion. Regions within tumors predicted to have undergone strong bubble expansion were collocated with ablation. Further, the dissolution time was found to correlate with acoustic emissions generated by the bubble cloud during histotripsy insonation. Overall, these results indicate a combination of modeling and high frame rate imaging may provide means to quantify mechanical energy imparted to the tissue due to bubble expansion for histotripsy.
The impact of fuelling and W radiation on the performance of high-power, ITER-baseline scenario plasmas in JET-ILW
Authors: Field A R , Aleiferis S , Belonohy É , Carvalho P , Coffey I , Frigione D , Garzotti L , Horvath L , Kim Hyun-Tae , Lennholm M , Lerche E , Lomas P , Lowry C G , Mailloux J , Rimini F , Roach C M , Sertoli M , Štancar Ž , Szepesi G , van Eester D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sustained operation of high-performance, ITER-baseline scenario plasmas at the high levels of input power (

≲

40

MW

) required to achieve ∼15 MW of D-T fusion power in JET-ILW requires careful optimisation of the fuelling to avoid an unacceptable disruption rate due to excessive radiation, primarily from W impurities, which are sputtered by edge-localised modes (ELMs) from the divertor targets. By using a train of ELM-pacing pellets from a high-frequency pellet injector to promote regular ELMs, which flush W and other impurities from the confined plasma, such high-performance plasmas can be sustained (for ∼5 s) while maintaining a high normalised confinement factor H
98,y2 ∼ 1, which would otherwise be degraded by reducing the pedestal confinement if a higher rate of D2 gas fuelling were used instead of the pellets to mitigate the W contamination. The causes underlying the improved performance and energy confinement obtained using this combined, gas and pellet fuelling scheme is investigated here in some detail.
Numerical and experimental analysis of radiation from a microwave plasma source of the TIAGO type
Authors: Nowakowska Helena , Czylkowski Dariusz , Hrycak Bartosz , Jasiński Mariusz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Unshielded microwave plasma sources radiate electromagnetic energy into space, which reduces the energy that can be used for plasma generation, contributes to discharge instability and is detrimental to laboratory personnel and equipment. We perform numerical analysis of radiation from a TIAGO torch, operating at 2.45 GHz, in which the plasma is generated at atmospheric pressure in the form of a flame at the tip of a metal nozzle. The analysis is carried out by solving the vector wave equation as for the antenna, with the assumption of axial symmetry and homogeneous electron density in the range of 1020–1022 m−3. We determine 2D electric field distributions inside a radiation sphere and radiation patterns for an unshielded torch and for a torch with shielding tubes with radii up to 100 mm and heights up to 200 mm. We also investigate the effect of the electron density, the tube height and radius on the reflected wave power, power absorbed in the plasma, radiated power and power entering the discharge. The results show that a tube of 25 mm radius (smaller than the cut-off radius) shields radiation very well, while the ratio of the radiated power to the entering power can achieve 85% for the unshielded torch and over 95% for a tube of 55 mm radius. In the experiment, we found that the powers required to ignite the discharge and to sustain it are about 80% greater and the plasma length is much shorter for a 55 mm radius tube than for a 25 mm radius tube, which we explain by the difference in the radiated power. The power density at a distance of 500 mm from the plasma with the entering power of 650 W depends on the direction and can exceed the permissible values several times. These results are consistent with calculations and indicate the need for appropriate shielding of the discharge.
In-situ measurements of the effect of radiation damage on the superconducting properties of coated conductors
Authors: Iliffe W , Peng N , Brittles G , Bateman R , Webb R , Grovenor C , Speller S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An apparatus has been built to perform irradiation and electrical testing of REBCO coated conductors (CC) held below their critical temperature (T
c). Patterned tracks of Fujikura GdBCO CC were irradiated with 2 MeV He+ ions in steps up to 4 mdpa whilst held at 40 K, and the critical current density (J
c) determined from I–V characteristics. These ‘in-situ’ samples then underwent annealing experiments at room temperature. The superconducting performance, both before and after room temperature annealing, has been compared to equivalent samples irradiated at room temperature and then cooled for testing at 40 K to understand how the damage tolerance of these materials is affected by sample temperature. Details of the apparatus and experimental results from preliminary work are presented and discussed. These preliminary results show that both T
c and J
c values of patterned tracks degrade with irradiation dose, with most samples showing similar behaviour. The room temperature annealing of ‘in-situ’ irradiated samples resulted in a significant recovery of properties. We conclude that irradiation temperature does alter how the superconducting properties of GdBCO CC are affected by ion irradiation, and that this observation has implications for the design of high temperature superconducting magnets for future fusion reactors.
Global-scale changes to extreme ocean wave events due to anthropogenic warming
Authors: Morim Joao , Vitousek Sean , Hemer Mark , Reguero Borja , Erikson Li , Casas-Prat Merce , Wang Xiaolan L , Semedo Alvaro , Mori Nobuhito , Shimura Tomoya , Mentaschi Lorenzo , Timmermans Ben 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExtreme surface ocean waves are often primary drivers of coastal flooding and erosion over various time scales. Hence, understanding future changes in extreme wave events owing to global warming is of socio-economic and environmental significance. However, our current knowledge of potential changes in high-frequency (defined here as having return periods of less than 1 year) extreme wave events are largely unknown, despite being strongly linked to coastal hazards across time scales relevant to coastal management. Here, we present global climate-modeling evidence, based on the most comprehensive multi-method, multi-model wave ensemble, of projected changes in a core set of extreme wave indices describing high-frequency, extra-tropical storm-driven waves. We find changes in high-frequency extreme wave events of up to ∼50%–100% under RCP8.5 high-emission scenario; which is nearly double the expected changes for RCP4.5 scenario, when globally integrated. The projected changes exhibit strong inter-hemispheric asymmetry, with strong increases in extreme wave activity across the tropics and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere region, and a widespread decrease across most of the Northern Hemisphere. We find that the patterns of projected increase across these extreme wave events over the Southern Hemisphere region resemble their historical response to the positive anomaly of the Southern Annular Mode. Our findings highlight that many countries with low-adaptive capacity are likely to face increasing exposure to much more frequent extreme wave events in the future.
Sensitivity of ecosystem-protected permafrost under changing boreal forest structures
Authors: Stuenzi Simone M , Boike Julia , Gädeke Anne , Herzschuh Ulrike , Kruse Stefan , Pestryakova Luidmila A , Westermann Sebastian , Langer Moritz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Boreal forests efficiently insulate underlying permafrost. The magnitude of this insulation effect is dependent on forest density and composition. A change therein modifies the energy and water fluxes within and below the canopy. The direct influence of climatic change on forests and the indirect effect through a change in permafrost dynamics lead to extensive ecosystem shifts such as a change in composition or density, which will, in turn, affect permafrost persistence. We derive future scenarios of forest density and plant functional type composition by analyzing future projections provided by the dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS) under global warming scenarios. We apply a detailed permafrost-multilayer canopy model to study the spatial impact-variability of simulated future scenarios of forest densities and compositions for study sites throughout eastern Siberia. Our results show that a change in forest density has a clear effect on the ground surface temperatures (GST) and the maximum active layer thickness (ALT) at all sites, but the direction depends on local climate conditions. At two sites, higher forest density leads to a significant decrease in GSTs in the snow-free period, while leading to an increase at the warmest site. Complete forest loss leads to a deepening of the ALT up to 0.33 m and higher GSTs of over 8 ∘C independently of local climatic conditions. Forest loss can induce both, active layer wetting up to four times or drying by 50%, depending on precipitation and soil type. Deciduous-dominated canopies reveal lower GSTs compared to evergreen stands, which will play an important factor in the spreading of evergreen taxa and permafrost persistence under warming conditions. Our study highlights that changing density and composition will significantly modify the thermal and hydrological state of the underlying permafrost. The induced soil changes will likely affect key forest functions such as the carbon pools and related feedback mechanisms such as swamping, droughts, fires, or forest loss.
Strain-induced doping and zero line mode at the fold of twisted Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene
Authors: Hong Sung Ju , Xiao Xiao , Wulferding Dirk , Belke Christopher , Lemmens Peter , Haug Rolf J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The folding of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene leads to electronic devices that can be understood as combinations of a twisted double-bilayer graphene and a fold. In magnetotransport experiments contributions of the two different parts can be identified. For the twisted double-bilayer graphene Landau fan diagrams with satellite fans depending on twist angle are observed. The fold gives rise to a local minimum in conductance which does not shift with applied perpendicular magnetic field. Regardless of twist angle the fold favors electron doping attributed to compressive strain at the kink geometry. The curvature of the folded structure provides for a systematic explanation, which is also in agreement with the observed correlation between twist angle and interlayer distance. Finally, the appearance of the topological zero line mode formed at the fold is discussed.
Void content reduction of composites with sensor-aided injection strategy in liquid composite molding process
Authors: He Pengfei , Zhao Wenbin , Yang Bin , Wang Jihui , Ni Aiqing , Li Shuxin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Void is one of the critical issues affecting the mechanical performance of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Aiming at the composite parts formed by Liquid Composite Molding, this develops a sensor-aided injection strategy, including a real-time online monitoring module and a sensor-aided injection system, which realizes continuous detection of resin flow and the automatic injection flow rate adjustment to minimize void content. Flow front profile continuously recorded by the monitoring module in resin flow direction is reconstructed in real-time. It provides a digital representation of the saturation state of the fibrous preform, which is referred to Digital Process Twin (DPT) in present work. The local flow front velocity is then extracted from the DPT, thus the sensor-aided injection system can maintain the flow front velocity at a optimal level, regardless of the cross-sectional geometry. Experimental investigation confirms the representative of DPT to actual flow. Characterization of void content by micro-computed tomography shows that the proposed sensor-aided injection strategy not only effectively decreases the void content from 0.32%, 0.34%, and 0.79% to 0.18%, 0.18%, and 0.19%, but also significantly improves the part quality consistency. Furthermore, to the best knowledge of the authors, This work is the first to use micro CT to investigate the effect of velocity on void content from the mesoscopic and microscopic scales, although the topic has been widely investigated theoretically.
Magnetic biochar particles prepared by ion cross-linking to remove phosphate from water
Authors: He Qiuping , Zhang Keqiang , Luo Yanli , Wang Feng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, the ionic cross-linking method was used to synchronize the granulation and magnetization of biochar powder. A precursor of Ca/Mg modified, tobacco stalk biochar combined with sodium alginate as the functional monomer, CaCl2 solution as the cross-linking agent, and a Fe3O4 magnetic fluid dopant were used to prepare magnetic biochar particles (EMCSB3), which were easy to separate and recover. The adsorption performance of phosphate by these EMCSB3 was explored. The Langmuir model fitted adsorption capacity of phosphate on the EMCSB3 was 8.93 mgP g−1, which was comparable to other materials at the same concentration. The process of phosphate adsorption by magnetic particles followed a pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption mechanism was chemisorption. EMCSB3 was suitable for use in environments with pH ≤ 8, the best dosage was 6.67 g l−1, and its removal rate was maintained at about 85%. Phosphate adsorption was greatly affected by coexisting CO3
2−. This study provides a technical approach for the granulation and magnetization of powdered biochar and improves its feasibility of use.
Towards low loss non-volatile phase change materials in mid index waveguides
Authors: Faneca Joaquin , Zeimpekis Ioannis , Ilie S T , Bucio Thalía Domínguez , Grabska Katarzyna , Hewak Daniel W , Gardes Frederic Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Photonic integrated circuits currently use platform intrinsic thermo-optic and electro-optic effects to implement dynamic functions such as switching, modulation and other processing. Currently, there is a drive to implement field programmable photonic circuits, a need which is only magnified by new neuromorphic and quantum computing applications. The most promising non-volatile photonic components employ phase change materials such as GST and GSST, which had their origin in electronic memory. However, in the optical domain, these compounds introduce significant losses potentially preventing a large number of applications. Here, we evaluate the use of two newly introduced low loss phase change materials, Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3, on a silicon nitride photonic platform for future implementation in neuromorphic computing. We focus the study on Mach–Zehnder interferometers that operate at the O and C bands to demonstrate the performance of the system. Our measurements show an insertion loss below 0.04 dB μm−1 for Sb2S3 and lower than 0.09 dB μm−1 for Sb2Se3 cladded devices for both amorphous and crystalline phases. The effective refractive index contrast for Sb2S3 on SiNx was measured to be 0.05 at 1310 nm and 0.02 at 1550 nm, whereas for Sb2Se3, it was 0.03 at 1310 nm and 0.05 at 1550 nm highlighting the performance of the integrated device.
Characterizing and Comparing Emissions of Dust, Respirable Crystalline Silica, and Volatile Organic Compounds from Natural and Artificial Stones
Authors: Hall Samantha , Stacey Peter , Pengelly Ian , Stagg Stephen , Saunders John , Hambling Susan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The frequency of cases of accelerated silicosis associated with exposure to dust from processing artificial stones is rapidly increasing globally. Artificial stones are increasingly popular materials, commonly used to fabricate kitchen and bathroom worktops. Artificial stones can contain very high levels of crystalline silica, hence cutting and polishing them without adequate exposure controls represents a significant health risk. The aim of this research was to determine any differences in the emission profiles of dust generated from artificial and natural stones when cutting and polishing. For artificial stones containing resins, the nature of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during processing was also investigated. A selection of stones (two natural, two artificial containing resin, and one artificial sintered) were cut and polished inside a large dust tunnel to characterize the emissions produced. The inhalable, thoracic, and respirable mass concentrations of emissions were measured gravimetrically and the amount of crystalline silica in different size fractions was determined by X-ray diffraction. Emissions were viewed using scanning electron microscopy and the particle size distribution was measured using a wide range aerosol spectrometer. VOCs emitted when cutting resin-artificial stones were also sampled. The mass of dust emitted when cutting stones was higher than that emitted when polishing. For each process, the mass of dust generated was similar whether the stone was artificial or natural. The percentage of crystalline silica in bulk stone is likely to be a reasonable, or conservative, estimate of that in stone dust generated by cutting or polishing. Larger particles were produced when cutting compared with when polishing. For each process, normalized particle size distributions were similar whether the stone was artificial or natural. VOCs were released when cutting resin-artificial stones. The higher the level of silica in the bulk material, the higher the level of silica in any dust emissions produced when processing the stone. When working with new stones containing higher levels of silica, existing control measures may need to be adapted and improved in order to achieve adequate control.