bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on knowledge, attitude, and function of women about Pap smear test at Iranian health centers
Authors: Samami Elahe , Seyedi- Andi Seyed Jalil , Bayat Beyrambibi , Shojaeizadeh Davoud , Tori Neda Ahmadzadeh 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to examine the effect of educational intervention using the health belief model on knowledge, attitude, and function of women about Pap test at health centers.

METHODOLOGY:
This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 120 women who were allocated into two groups (intervention = 60 and control = 60). The sampling method was a multistage cluster. The training was provided in two sessions for 90 min. Data gathering tool was a 4-part researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics, knowledge, health belief model structures, and function. Women were evaluated and completed the questionnaire in two stages (before and 2 months after training). Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Wilcoxon, linear regression, Mann–Whitney U-test, Fisher, Chi-square, and marginal homogeneity tests.

RESULTS:
At baseline, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the mean of knowledge and the structures of health belief model scores. The average scores of participants in terms of health belief model structures were increased significantly after the training sessions. Furthermore, the comparison of the performance of Pap smear before training showed that in the intervention group (23.3%) and in the control group (31.7%), there was no significant difference in terms of the history of performing the Pap smear test (P = 0.414). However, a significant difference (P = 0.001) was observed after training in the intervention group (31.7%) and in the control group (3.3%).

CONCLUSION:
Educational intervention using the health belief model is effective in increasing knowledge, attitude, and function of women in terms of providing useful and required education.
Assessment of diabetic foot risk among diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital, South India
Authors: Akila M. , Ramesh R. S. , Kumari M. J. 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Foot problems are most common among patients with diabetes, and they are an important cause of morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). They can be prevented by following a simple foot care practice. The study objective was to stratify the level of risk for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) among patients with diabetes by screening.

MATERIALS And METHODS:
A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted in this study. The sample size was 196, and a standardized INLOW'S 60-s diabetic foot screening tool was used to assess the risk of diabetic foot. Data collection was done by face-to-face interview, and diabetic foot risk (DFR) was assessed by direct observation, inspection, and palpation methods.

RESULTS:
Among the 196 patients, majority required yearly foot screen in both feet. The mean and standard deviation of the level of DFR in the left foot (LF) and right foot (RF) was 4.31 ± 2.267 and 4.51 ± 2.391, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between the practice of treatment and level of foot screening recommendation in the LF with Chi-square value of χ2= 8.20 (df = 2) and RF with Chi-square value of χ2= 7.95 (df = 2) at P < 0.05 level.

CONCLUSION:
Health-care providers should be made aware of the regular practice of screening the foot of diabetic patients along with health education awareness programs. It may be helpful to identify the foot ulcer risk at an early stage. It will prevent further complications of DFU and recurrence of ulcer and will reduce the economic burden to patients and their family members and the health-care system.
Educating nursing staff regarding infection control practices and assessing its impact on the incidence of hospital-acquired infections
Authors: Kakkar Sunil Kumar , Bala Manju , Arora Vikramjeet 
Published: January 2021

CONTEXT:
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a global problem. One of the common causes of HAI is through the health-care workers, mainly because of failure to comply with the recommended infection control guidelines.

AIMS:
The aim of our study was to educate and train the nurses regarding infection control practices and assess the impact of training and assess whether this training actually made any change in the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and intravenous (IV) line-related infections.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Baseline knowledge, attitude, and practices study of willingly participating 105 nurses regarding infection control was done. The incidence of CAUTI and IV line-related infection was calculated in the areas of their postings. They were trained via an educational module regarding infection control practices. We again assessed the incidence of CAUTI and IV line-related infections in the same areas 2 months after training. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Student's t-test was used to analyze the difference in the prevalence of CAUTI and IV line-associated HAIs pre intervention and post intervention.

RESULTS:
There was reduction in the incidence of IV line-related infection, though it was not significant (P 0.15) and no change in the incidence of CAUTI after intervention.

CONCLUSION:
Single educational module though improved nurses' knowledge and attitude regarding infection control but failed to result in significant improvement in practices and incidence of HAIs.
Establishing criterion validity for the Revised Critical Nutrition Literacy Tool in U.S. college students
Authors: Bedoyan Janette , McNamara Jade , Olfert Melissa D. , Byrd-Bredbenner Carol , Greene Geoffrey W. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:
Critical nutrition literacy (CNL) plays an important role in how college students make everyday decisions about nutrition choices. Increasing CNL is an aim of many introductory nutrition courses, but there are limited instruments measuring this construct. This study aimed to assess the changeability of CNL and the relationship between CNL and markers of diet quality in young adults.

DESIGN:
This was a two-phase research project consisting of a nonexperimental, pre–post study and a cross-sectional assessment from 2018 to 2019. Participants were U.S. college students, 18-24 years old, recruited from introductory-level courses from three participating universities, located in Rhode Island, West Virginia, and New Jersey.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Interventions consisted of (1) a 4-credit, 13-week nutrition course and (2) a cross-sectional, online behavior, environment, and perception survey. CNL was measured using the Revised CNL Tool (CNLT-R) instrument across both phases. Measures for phases include: (1) the changeability of CNL and (2) the relationship between CNL and markers of diet quality.

ANALYSIS:
Paired t-tests and multivariate analysis of variance were utilized through SPSS version 25.0.

RESULTS:
CNL score significantly increased from baseline to postintervention from 3.38 ± 0.48 to 3.61 ± 0.55 (P = 0.014). There was an overall significant effect of CNL on markers of diet quality, such as cups of fruits and vegetables (F/V) and teaspoons of added sugar (F [2,1321] = 3.12, P < 0.05; Wilks' Λ = 0.99).

CONCLUSIONS:
This research found that an introduction to nutrition course was associated with an increase in CNL and that CNL is related to diet quality. The instrument could be used by nutrition educators as an outcome assessment. Future research should investigate other components of the CNL construct as well as predictive validity.
Validity and reliability properties of the Persian version of perceived health competence scale among patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Shakibazadeh Elham , Sabouri Maryam , Mohebbi Bahram , Tol Azar , Yaseri Mehdi 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:
Cardiovascular diseases are among progressive diseases that begin in childhood and are manifested mainly in adulthood. This study was assessed the validity and reliability testing of the Persian version of the Perceived Health Competence Scale (PHCS) among patients with cardiovascular diseases referred to Shahid Rajaie Heart center in Tehran, Iran.

METHODS:
In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 700 patients with cardiovascular diseases referring to Shahid Rajaie Heart center in Tehran were recruited (response rate = 100%; n = 700). Content validity was established using translation and back-translation procedure and getting views of the expert panel. The content validity of the questionnaire was measured using content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Reliability was ascertained using Cronbach's alpha. The stability was confirmed using intra-class correlation coefficients.

RESULTS:
In this study, CVI = 0.81 and CVR = 0.72 were calculated. Scale reliability was sufficient (α = 0.78; range = 0.73–0.77). Furthermore, reliability based on the stability of the whole scale was 0.75.

CONCLUSIONS:
The PHCS-Persian confirmed as a valid and reliable instrument to measure perceived health competence. The PHCS-Persian scale could be a useful, comprehensive, and culturally sensitive scale for assessing perceived health competence.
The relationship between aldose reductase gene C106T polymorphism and the severity of retinopathy in Type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Abu-Hassan Diala Walid , Al-Bdour Muawyah D. , Saleh Ibraheem , Freihat Mona , El-Khateeb Mohammed 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Hyperglycemia over-activates glucose reduction to sorbitol by aldose reductase (ALR) leading to osmoregulation disruption and cellular damage that cause diabetic complications. We investigated the association of C106T polymorphism of ALR2 gene with the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Jordanian Type 2 diabetic patients in this case-control study at the Ophthalmology clinic of the National Centre of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 277 subjects participated in the study (100 diabetics without retinopathy, 82 diabetics with retinopathy, and 95 controls). Blood samples were withdrawn followed by DNA extraction. C106T polymorphism was examined by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and gel electrophoresis. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software using analysis of variance, multiple logistic regression or Chi-square test.

Results:
The CT and TT genotypes were significantly more prevalent in DR patients than those without DR (CT 50% vs. 38%, TT 16.7% vs. 8%, P = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). DR patients had T allele more frequently than those without it (41.7% vs. 27%, P = 0.007). Diabetics without retinopathy showed similar genotype and allele frequency to those of nondiabetic controls. No correlation between CT/TT genotypes and the severity of DR in affected subjects was found (χ2: 3.049, P = 0.550).

Conclusion:
C106T polymorphism increased the risk to develop retinopathy in Jordanian Type 2 diabetic patients. T allele of ALR2 was associated with DR. The severity of DR did not show an association with this polymorphism.
The effect of adding duloxetine to lansoprazole on symptom and quality of life improvement in patients with gastroesophageal reflux diseases
Authors: Mokhtare Marjan , Chaharmahali Arezoo , Bahardoust Mansour , Ghanbari Atefeh , Sarveazad Arash , Naghshin Roozbeh , Abbaskhanidavanloo Farbod 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common upper gastrointestinal disorder with a negative impact on the quality of life. This study was aimed to assess the effect of adding duloxetine to lansoprazole on the symptom and quality of life improvement in GERD patients.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy adult patients with a complaint of heartburn and regurgitation were enrolled in this randomized trial. Patients with a history of atypical symptoms, advanced systemic disease, medication-induced symptom, structural lesion in endoscopy, allergy to the medication, and unco-operative were excluded. The patients randomly (computer generated table) assigned in Groups A who received lansoprazole 30 mg plus placebo daily and Group B, in which duloxetine 30 mg daily replaced by placebo during 4 weeks. All of participants, care-givers, and outcomes assessors were blinded. Basic demographic data, symptom severity score, depression and anxiety Beck score, and quality of life questionnaire were recorded at the starting and ending of treatment.

Results:
Fifty-four patients have completed the study. The mean difference of Anxiety Beck score (13, 95% confidence interval [CI] [10–16], P = 0.001) and total raw score of quality of life (7, 95% CI [3.89–10.11], P = 0.043) were significantly improved in Group B. Complete and overall heartburn improvement rates were significantly better in Group B (odds ratio [OR] Adj: 2.01, 95% CI [1.06–2.97] and OR Adj: 1.31, 95% CI [1.05–1.57], respectively).

Conclusion:
We found that the combination of duloxetine and lansoprazole is a safe and tolerable regimen, and it can significantly improve anxiety, heartburn, coffee consumption, the quality of sleep, and life in patients who suffer from the symptoms of GERD.
Comparison of endotracheal intubation, laryngeal mask airway, and I-gel in children undergoing strabismus surgery
Authors: Allahyari Elaheh , Azimi Ali , Zarei Hamed , Bamdad Shahram 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Insertion of the advanced airway during induction of general anesthesia can cause undesirable sympathetic stimulation such as increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and hemodynamic parameters. In this study, we compared insertion of three different advanced airway devices; endotracheal tube (ETT), laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and I-gel in terms of IOP, hemodynamic changes and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following induction of general anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil in children undergoing strabismus surgery.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 90 children (5.68 ± 1.49 years old) were randomly assigned to one of the three groups, ETT, LMA, or I-gel insertion as advanced airway devices IOP and also hemodynamic variables were measured before (T0 and T1) and immediately after (T2) the insertion of these airway devices, although 2 min (T3) and 5 min (T4) after it. PONV was assessed about 2 h after the completion of surgery in the recovery room.

Results:
The mean arterial pressure (MAP), IOP, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly different between the three groups immediately (T2), 2 min (T3), and 5 min (T4) after the insertion of airway devices. The heart rate (HR) was significantly different between the three groups in all measurement times except of T0. Within-group comparisons showed that the three groups had significant changes in MAP, IOP, HR, systolic and diastolic pressure before and after airway insertion (T1 and T2). The trend in the LMA and ETT groups was descending-ascending-descending, whereas in the I-gel group, it was quite descending. There was no significant difference among the three groups in terms of PONV.

Conclusion:
As a result, our study showed that, compared with LMA and ETT, the I-gel had less impact on undesirable stress responses and seems to be superior to LMA and ETT in children undergoing strabismus surgery.
Analysis of Local Government Strategies in Capacity Building for Regional Financial, Asset, and Revenue Management Bodies in Baubau City, Indonesia
Authors: Herman Lawealai  , Nastia  , Hastuti  
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze strategies for increasing the capacity of the Regional Financial, Asset, and Revenue Management Bodies in the City of Baubau. Clarity regarding where the local government is as a developed institution. The district/city policy strategy as a region and institution has not been formulated in a clear and clear manner. Even though the government has clearly been given the authority to formulate a strategy for the creation of a strategic public service policy to the public.
This research study uses a SWOT analysis technique with a qualitative approach, which consists of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. SWOT analysis aims to maximize strengths and opportunities but can minimize weaknesses and threats.By evaluating internal factors including the strength of the Baubau City Finance, Asset, and Regional Revenue Management Agency in increasing organizational capacity; Weaknesses, namely all factors that are not beneficial or detrimental to the Regional Financial, Asset and Income Management Agency of Baubau City. Meanwhile, evaluation of external factors includes opportunities, namely all the opportunities that exist as government policies, applicable regulations or national or global economic conditions which are considered to provide opportunities for capacity building to grow and develop in the future; Threats, namely things that can cause losses to the capacity building of the Baubau City Financial Management Agency, Asset, and Regional Revenue.
The results of this study indicate that there are 4 alternative strategies obtained from compiling a SWOT matrix derived from the identification of internal and external factors in order to improve the service performance of the Financial Management Agency, Asset and Regional Income of Baubau City. The alternative strategies are the Strength-Opportunity (S-O) Strategy, the Weakness-Opportunity (W-O) Strategy, the Strength-Threat (ST) Strategy, and the Weakness-Threat (WT) Strategy.
Income Smoothing Use Financing Loss Provision In Indonesia And Malaysia’s Islamic Banks
Authors: Fadhilah Hanum Lubis  , Sigid Eko Pramono  , Saiful Anwar  
Published: January 2021

Rapid development of Islamic banks leads to the requirement to compete in order to show the best performance. Performance assessment can be seen from the profit information. Income smoothing through the use of Financing Loss Provision (FLP) is one method that can be applied in Islamic banking in an attempt to get income based on their goals. This research aims to investigate income smoothing practice by using FLP at both Indonesia and Malaysia’s Islamic banks by applying mixed-method approach. In this regard, quantitive method was used to measure panel regression by using Eviews in order to analyze income smoothing practice through FLP in both Indonesia and Malaysia than qualitative method was used through interviews with practitioners and sharia supervisors in Indonesia to get the data about the practice. The data in this research were taken from 11 Islamic banks in Indonesia and 19 Islamic banks in Malysia from 2011 to 2016. The results of the research reveal that Islamic banks in both Indonesia and Malaysia apply income smoothing by using FLP. The findings imply that Earning Before Taxes and Provision (EBTP) has significant positive effect on FLP. Moreover, the results of interviews indicate that Islamic banks in Indonesia do not apply income smoothing. However, there is an indication that they will lead to this condition. Therefore, it is suggested that the regulators will supervise the application of FLP by developing the investigation of this account in financial statement of the Islamic banks.
Perubahan Volume Tumor, Jumlah Trombosit dan Kadar D–dimmer pada Karsinoma Payudara Lanjut Lokal Setelah Kemoterapi Neoadjuvan
Authors: Damanik Fredy Rustomi , Abdurahman Maman , Rizki Kiki Akhmad 
Published: January 2021

Background. Locally advanced breast cancer places approximately 40–60% from all the new cases of breast cancer in developing countries. And this kind of breast cancer requires a combined therapy, i.e. chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. Nowadays, the response of chemotherapy is evaluated from the reduction in tumor volume. There is also another parameter. Since half of patients with breast cancer show abnormalities of routine blood clotting factors, D–dimmer which is a fibrin degeneration product from vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is used. There is an increase of plasma D–dimmer level among 86% of breast cancer patients. There is a strong relationship amongst serum VEGF and platelets count in breast cancer patient.
Method. To analyze the correlation, we did an evaluation of the tumor volume, platelets count, and plasma D– dimmer among patients with locally advanced breast cancer, before and after cyclophospamide, doxorubicin, 5–fluorouracil (FAC) combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This was a prospective study enrolling 36 subjects. The data is obtained from the history, physical examination, laboratory and or radiological exams as it found in medical record. To have a normal distribution of the subjects, a Shapiro–Wilk test was done. Pearson correlation test was applied in evaluation of the relationship of tumor volume, platelet count and plasma D–dimmer level after chemotherapy. Data was analyzed using the SPSS program ver.19.
Results. Tumor volume decreases till 153.811 cm3, the platelet level decreased till 4,958.333/mm3 and the plasma D–dimmer level also decreased up to101.389 ng/ml after FAC regimen. A significant relationship was found in platelet counts and tumor volume after chemotherapy with r of 0,391 (p=0,018). The relationship amongst the change in platelet level and plasma D–dimmer level showed a plateau which is quiet high with the value of r=0,473 (p=0,024).
Conclusion. There is a positive correlation of the tumor volume, the platelet level, and plasma D–dimmer level after combined FAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Validitas Kombinasi Pemeriksaan Klinis dan Biopsi Aspirasi Jarum Halus Dalam Menegakkan Diagnosis Tumor Payudara Palpabel
Authors: Heriady Yusuf , Achmad Dimyati , Hartono Henky 
Published: January 2021

Latar Belakang. Pasien dengan tumor payudara palpabel yang datang berobat memerlukan diagnosis cepat dan akurat untuk membedakan tumor tersebut ganas atau jinak serta lebih menguntungkan secara finansial dibandingkan biopsi terbuka melalui prosedur operatif. Prosedur triple test yang terdiri dari pemeriksaan klinis payudara, mammografi dan biopsi aspirasi jarum halus, memberikan hasil akurasi diagnosis yang baik. Namun pada kenyataannya tidak semua rumah sakit terutama rumah sakit di daerah memiliki fasilitas mammografi. Untuk menegakkan diagnosis tumor payudara palpabel di rumah sakit daerah dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis payudara dan biopsi aspirasi jarum halus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai akurasi kombinasi dua pemeriksaan yaitu pemeriksaan klinis payudara dan biopsi aspirasi jarum halus dalam menegakkan diagnosis tumor payudara palpabel.

Metode. Dilakukan penelitian prospektif pada 393 pasien tumor payudara palpabel, dengan melakukan pemeriksaan klinis payudara, biopsi aspirasi jarum halus dan biopsi terbuka dengan pemeriksaan histopa- tologi sebagai pemeriksaan baku emas di RSUD dr Soedarso Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat selama 7 tahun (2006–2013).

Hasil. Pemeriksaan klinis payudara menunjukkan sensitivitas 90,8%, spesifisitas 92,8%, nilai duga positif 95,2% dan akurasi 91,6%. Pemeriksaan biopsi aspirasi jarum halus menunjukkan sensitivitas 97.5%, spesifisitas 99,4%, nilai duga positif 99,6%, dan akurasi 98,2%. Pada kombinasi dua pemeriksaan yang keduanya positif (konkordan), menunjukkan sensitivitas 97,7%; spesifisitas 99,3%; nilai duga positif 99,5%, dan akurasi 98,3%. Likelihood ratio atau rasio kemungkinan positif/ RK+ sebesar 139,5 dan RK negatif /RK– sebesar 0,02.

Kesimpulan. Akurasi dua pemeriksaan bila ke dua pemeriksaan positif (konkordan) dalam mendiagnosis tumor payudara palpabel adalah 98,3%. RK+ sebesar 139,5 dan RK negatif /RK– sebesar 0,02. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kombinasi dua pemeriksaan dapat direkomendasukan sebagai alat diagnosis alternatif untuk mendiagnosis tumor payudara palpabel