bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Severity. Data From the Spanish Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Research Network
Authors: Ramos-Navarro Cristina , Maderuelo-Rodriguez Elena , Concheiro-Guisan Ana , Perez-Tarazona Santiago , Rueda-Esteban Santiago , Sánchez-Torres Ana , Sánchez-Solis Manuel , Sanz-López Ester , Sánchez-Luna Manuel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
GEIDIS is a national based research-net registry of patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) from public and private Spanish hospitals. It was created to provide data on the clinical characterization and follow up of infants with BPD until adulthood. The purpose of this observational study was to analyze the characteristics and the impact of perinatal risk factors on BPD severity. The study included 1,780 patients diagnosed with BPD. Of the total sample, 98.6% were premature (less than 37 weeks) and 89,4% less than 30 weeks of gestation. The median gestational age was 27.1 weeks (25.8–28.5) and median birth weight 890 g (740–1,090 g). 52.3% (n=931) were classified as mild (type 1), 25.1% (n=447) were moderate (type 2), and 22.6% (n=402) severe BPD (type 3). Most pre-and postnatal risk factors for type 2/3 BPD were associated with the length of exposure to mechanical ventilation (MV). Independent prenatal risk factors were male gender, oligohydramnios, and intrauterine growth restriction. Postnatal risk factors included the need for FiO2 of > 0.30 in the delivery room, two or more doses of surfactant administration, nosocomial pneumonia, and the length of exposure to MV. Conclusions: In this national based research-net registry of BPD patients the length of MV is the most important risk factor associated with type 2/3 BPD. Among type 3 BPD patients, those who required an FiO2 > .30 at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age had a higher morbidity, during hospitalization and at discharge, compared to those with nasal positive pressure but FiO2 < .30.
Sensitivity Matrices as Keys to Local Structural System Properties of Large-Scale Nonlinear Systems.
Authors: Willigenburg L. G. Van , Stigter J.D. , Molenaar J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sensitivities are shown to play a key role in a very efficient algorithm, presented in this paper, to establish three fundamental structural system properties: local structural identifiability, local observability and local strong accessibility. Sensitivities have the advantageous property to be governed by linear dynamics, also if the system itself is nonlinear . By integrating their linear dynamics over a short time period, and by sampling the result, a sensitivity matrix is obtained. If this sensitivity matrix satisfies a rank condition, then the local structural system property under investigation holds. This rank condition will be referred to in this paper as the sensitivity rank condition (SERC). Applying a singular value decomposition (SVD) to the sensitivity matrix not only determines its rank but also pinpoints exactly the system components causing a possible failure to satisfy the local structural system property. The algorithm is very efficient because integration of linear systems over short time-periods and computation of an SVD are computationally cheap. Therefore, it allows for the handling of large-scale systems in the order of seconds, as opposed to conventional algorithms that mostly rely on Lie series expansions and a corresponding Lie algebraic rank condition (LARC). We extensively discuss the (dis)advantages of both algorithms and to which extent their results coincide. A series of examples is presented to illustrate these results.
Theoretical Investigation of Br2 and Cl2 Detection by the Pristine and Co-Doped Graphyne
Authors: Heravi Mohammad Reza Poor 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Br2 and Cl2 interaction with the intrinsic, and Co-doped graphyne nanosheets has been explored by density functional theory calculations. Two vertical and parallel configurations were identified for Br2 and Cl2 adsorption. Calculations showed that the adsorption of Br2 was stronger than Cl2 on the graphyne nanosheet. Neither Br2 nor Cl2 could make serious changes to the HOMO-LUMO gap (Eg) and electrical resistance pf pristine sheet. By manipulating the structure of pristine graphyne by Co atom, its reactivity and sensitivity dramatically improved toward Br2 and Cl2 gases. Compared to the Cl2, the Br2 much more decreases the electrical resistance and Eg of the Co-doped graphyne (~ -40.25%). Thus, the Co-doped graphyne may selectively recognize the Br2 gas in the presence of Cl2. The computed recovery time value for Br2 from the surface of the Co-doped graphyne is 36.4 s, which shows that the graphyne, as a sensor, benefits from a short recovery time to detect Br2.
Population Snapshot of the Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia Coli Invasive Strains Isolated From a Hungarian Hospital
Authors: Tóth Kinga , Tóth Ákos , Kamotsay Katalin , Németh Viktória , Szabó Dóra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background:This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the genetic background of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli invasive isolates obtained from a tertiary-care hospital in Budapest, Hungary. MethodsBetween October-November 2018, all invasive ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were collected from Central Hospital of Southern Pest. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the EUCAST guidelines. The possible clonal relationships were investigated by core genome (cg)MLST (SeqSphere+) using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of isolates obtained from Illumina 251-bp paired-end sequencing. From WGS data acquired antimicrobial resistance genes and replicon types were retrieved using ResFinder3.1, PlasmidFinder2.1, and pMLST-2.0 online tools.ResultsOverall, 25 E. coli isolates were detected and six proved to be resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. Full genome sequence analysis showed that five E. coli isolates belonged to the ST131 clone: two to C1-M27 subclade with blaCTX-M-27 and three to C2/H30Rx subclade with blaCTX-M-15. One isolate belonged to ST1193 with blaCTX-M-27. According to cgMLST, all C2/H30Rx isolates formed a cluster (≤6 allele differences), while the blaCTX-M-27-producing C1-M27 isolates differed at least 35 alleles from each other. Both C2/H30Rx and C1-M27 ST131 isolates harbored similar antimicrobial resistance gene sets. However, only C2/H30Rx isolates had the qnrB and aac(3)-IIa. All isolates showed resistance against ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, and the C2/H30Rx isolates were also resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, and ceftazidime.ConclusionsOut of six third-generation cephalosporins-resistant, invasive E. coli, five belonged to the S131clone. This study indicates, that the C2/H30Rx and C1-M27 subclades of the ST131 appear to be the dominant clones collected in a Hungarian hospital.
Prevalence of Blastocystis and its Association with Intestinal Dysbiosis in Clinically Healthy and Metabolically Ill Subjects.
Authors: Muñoz-Yañez Claudia , Méndez-Hernández Alejandra , Martínez-Sandoval Alondra , Maravilla-Domínguez María Aurora , Zavaleta-Muñiz Soraya Amalí , Guangorena-Gómez Janeth Oliva 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Blastocystis is a typical anaerobic colon protist in humans with controversial pathogenicity and has relation with alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition (dysbiosis), whose indicator is the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio); this indicator is also linked to complications such as diabetes, obesity, or inflammatory bowel disease. The present study investigated the prevalence of Blastocystis and its association with intestinal dysbiosis in healthy and metabolic diseased subjects.Methods: Fecal and blood samples were collected consecutively from 200 healthy subjects, and 84 with diseased metabolic subjects; Blastocystis and its most frequent subtypes were identified by end-point PCR and the two most representative phyla of the intestinal microbiota Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes by real-time PCR.Results: The prevalence of Blastocystis in healthy subjects was 47.0%, and 65.48 % in subjects with metabolic disease; the most prevalent subtype in the total population was ST3 (28.38 %), followed by ST1 (14.86 %), ST4, ST5, and ST7 (each one of them with 14.19 % respectively), and finally ST2 (8.78 %). The low F/B ratio that characterizes intestinal dysbiosis was associated with the prevalence of Blastocystis in the two cohorts FACSA (OR = 3.78 P <0.05) and UNEME (OR = 4.29 p <0.05). Regarding the subtype level, an association between the FACSA cohort ST1 and ST7 with intestinal dysbiosis was found (OR = 3.99 and 5.44 p <0.05, respectively).Conclusions: The predatory role of Blastocystis over Firmicutes phylum is evident in both cohorts since it was observed that the abundance of the beneficial bacterial group's Bacteroidetes increases in the groups colonized by this eukaryote and, therefore, may have a beneficial effect.
Conserving Evolutionarily Distinct Species is Critical to Safeguard Human Well-Being
Authors: Molina-Venegas Rafael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although there is growing interest in safeguarding the Tree of Life to preserve the human benefits that are directly provided by biodiversity, their evolutionary distribution remains unknown, which has hampered our understanding of the potential of phylodiversity indicators to evince them. Here, I drew on a global review of plant services and comprehensive phylogenetic information to breakdown their evolutionary distribution and thereby show why the commonly used Phylogenetic Diversity and Evolutionary Distinctiveness indicators can unequivocally help to preserve these natural benefits. Beneficial species clumped within phylogenetically overdispersed genera and closely related taxa often contributed very few and redundant services, suggesting that multiple plant lineages are required to maintain a wide variety of benefits. Yet, a reduced number of species stood out as multi-beneficial and evolutionarily distinct plants relative to both the entire phylogeny and the subset of beneficial species, and they collectively contributed a higher-than-expected number of records for most types of benefits. In addition to providing a clear mechanistic understanding for the recently proved success of Phylogenetic Diversity in capturing plant benefits, these findings stress the decisive role that conservation programmes aimed at protecting evolutionarily distinct taxa will pay in safeguarding the beneficial potential of biodiversity for the future.
Use and Safety of Prophylactic Endoscopy From a Single Center Serving Urban and Rural Children With Portal Hypertension
Authors: Slowik Voytek , Bernardez Anissa , Wasserkrug Heather , Fischer Ryan T. , Daniel James F. , Grammatikopoulos Tassos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Prophylactic endoscopy is routine in adults with portal hypertension (PHTN), but there is limited data in pediatrics. We sought to describe our experience with prophylactic endoscopy in pediatric PHTNMethods: Retrospective cohort study of 87 children who began surveillance endoscopy prior to gastrointestinal bleeding (primary prophylaxis) and 52 who began after an episode of bleeding (secondary prophylaxis) from 01/01/1994 – 07/01/2019. Results: Patients who underwent primary prophylaxis had a lower mean number of endoscopies (3.897 vs 6.269, p = 0.001). The primary prophylaxis group was less likely to require a portosystemic shunt (6% vs 15%, p < 0.001) with no difference in immediate complications (1% vs 2%, p = 0.173), 2-week complications (1% vs 2%, p = 0.097), need for transplant (24% vs 27%, p = 0.0819) or death (5% vs 13%, p = 0.061). No deaths were related to variceal bleeding or endoscopy. Conclusions: Primary and secondary endoscopic prophylaxis should be considered safe for the prevention of variceal hemorrhage in pediatric portal hypertension. There are differences in outcomes in primary and secondary prophylaxis, but unclear if this is due to patient characteristics versus treatment strategy. Further study is needed to compare safety and efficacy to watchful waiting.
3D Printing of High-Strength Water-Soluble Salt Cores Via Layered Extrusion Forming
Authors: Gong Xiaolong , Liu Xinwang , Chen Zheng , Yang Zhiyuan , Jiang Wenming , Fan Zitian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Core materials with high strength and excellent collapsibility are important for the manufacture of hollow composite structure castings. In this work, a novel technology to fabricate water-soluble Na2SO4-NaCl based salt cores with high strength and low cost by layered extrusion forming (LEF) was reported. The water-soluble Na2SO4 and NaCl powder were used as the matrix materials, and the bauxite powder was used as the reinforcing material. The effects of bauxite powder content and liquid phase sintering parameters on properties of the salt cores were studied. The results show that the salt-based slurry exhibits shear thinning property within the studied bauxite powder contents. When the content of bauxite powder was 20 wt.% and the sintering was at 630 ℃/30 min, the obtained salt cores show an optimal comprehensive performance, with the bending strength, linear shrinkage, water-solubility rate and moisture rate of 24.43 MPa, 6.3%, 207.6 (g/min·m2), and 0.29%, respectively. The complex water-soluble salt core samples prepared under the optimal parameters display high-strength and well-shaped morphology.
Osteosynthesis of Non-displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly Population Using the Femoral Neck System (FNS): Short-term Clinical and Radiological Outcomes
Authors: Vazquez Oscar , Gamulin Axel , Hannouche Didier , Belaieff Wilson 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: femoral neck fractures (FNF) are frequent in the elderly population and surgical management is indicated in the vast majority of cases. Osteosynthesis is an alternative to arthroplasty for non-displaced FNF. Triple screw construct (TS) and the Dynamic Hip Screw system (DHS) are considered gold standards for osteosynthesis. The newly available Femoral Neck System (FNS) currently lacks evidence as to whether it is a valid alternative to TS and DHS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate short term clinical and radiological outcomes after non-displaced (Garden I and II) FNF osteosynthesis using TS, DHS and FNS. Methods: all the patients of the author’s institution aged ≥ 75y with a non-displaced (Garden I and II) FNF eligible to osteosynthesis between November 2015 and December 2019 were included in this single-center retrospective non-randomized study. Patients were treated with either TS, DHS or FNS depending on surgeon’s preference. Clinical data (age, gender, duration of surgery, need for blood transfusion and number of packed red blood cells transfused, surgical site complications, length of stay, discharge location, postoperative medical complications and readmission within 30 days, and mortality within 3 months) were extracted from patients’ charts. Radiological analysis assessed fracture classification, fracture impaction and proximal femur shortening at 3 and 6 months using the institutional imaging software.Results: the TS (n=32), DHS (n=16) and FNS (n=15) groups were similar with respect to age (mean 85y) and gender (female: male ratio 4:1). There were no significant differences across groups for need for blood transfusion, surgical site complications, length of stay, postoperative medical complications and readmission within 30 days, discharge location and mortality within 3 months. Duration of surgery was significantly lower in the FNS group (43.3 vs 68.8min; p<0.001). Radiological assessment found similar impaction (5,2mm ± 4.8) and shortening (8.6mm ± 8.2) in all groups that did not seem to progress after 3 months. Conclusion: The FNS appears to be a valid alternative implant for FNF osteosynthesis and is associated with shorter operative time than TS and DHS. Short-term clinical and radiological outcomes of FNS are similar to TS and DHS implants. Further long-term multi-center randomized studies are however necessary to confirm these first results.
Genomic Alterations and Possible Druggable Mutations in Carcinoma of Unknown Primary (CUP)
Authors: Es Hamidreza Aboulkheyr , Mahdizadeh Hamid , Asl Amir Abbas Hedayati , Totonchi Mehdi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Carcinoma of Unknown Primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous and metastatic disease where the primary site of origin is undetectable. Currently, chemotherapy is the only state-of-art treatment option for CUP patients. Using molecular profiling of the tumour, particularly mutation detection, offers a new treatment for CUP in a personalized fashion using targeted agents. We analyzed the mutation and copy number alterations profile of 1,709 CUP samples deposited in the AACR Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) cohort and explored potentially druggable mutations. We identified 52 significant mutated genes (SMG) among CUP samples, in which 13 (25%) of SMG were potentially targetable with either drug is approved for the know primary tumour or undergoing clinical trials. The most variants detected were TP53 (43%), KRAS (19.90%), KMT2D (12.60%), and CDKN2A (10.30%). Additionally, using pan-cancer analysis, we found similar variants of TERT promoter in CUP and NSCLC samples, suggesting that these mutations may serve as a diagnostic marker for identifying the primary tumour in CUP. Taken together, analyzing mutation profiling of the CUP tumours may open a new way of identifying druggable targets and consequently administrating appropriate treatment in a personalized manner.
Comparative Analysis Between Paramecium Strains with Different Syngens Using the RAPD Method
Authors: Matsumoto Sonoko , Watanabe Kenta , Imamura Akiko , Tachibana Masato , Shimizu Takashi , Watarai Masahisa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Paramecium spp. is types of free-living protists that live in freshwater environments. They are ciliates with high motility and phagocytosis and have been used to analyze cell motility and as a host model for pathogens. Besides such biological characteristics, apart from the usual morphological and genetic classification of species, the existence of taxonomies (such as syngens) and mating types related to Paramecium’s unique reproduction is known. In this study, we attempted to develop a simple method to identify Paramecium strains, which are difficult to distinguish morphologically, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Consequently, we can observe strain-specific band patterns. We also confirm that the presence of endosymbiotic Chlorella cells affects the band pattern of P. bursaria. Furthermore, the results of the RAPD analysis using several P. caudatum strains with different syngens show that it is possible to detect a band specific to a certain syngen. By improving the reaction conditions and random primers, based on the results of this study, RAPD analysis can be applied to the identification of Paramecium strains and their syngen confirmation tests.
Subtractive Proteomics Analysis Revealed Lipid A-4’phosphatase (lpxF) as a Potential Candidate for Epitope-based Vaccine Design Against Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Gollapalli Pavan , Gnanasekaran Tamizh Selvan , Rao Aditya SJ , Hanumanthappa Manjunatha , Srika Koigoora , Shetty Praveenkumar , Kumari Suchetha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Amidst the surge in the prevalence of resistant H. pylori infections, WHO in 2017 has given a high priority to clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori for research and to develop new antibacterial agents. In this study, the Helicobacter pylori 26695 strain was investigated with extensive computational biology applications to identify novel therapeutic drug targets or vaccine candidates. During the proteomic functional annotation of an organism, it is crucial to determine the function of proteins. The pathogen-specific pathways were found to include only twelve proteins, paving the way further to determine drug or vaccine targets. Lipoprotein A-4’-phosphatase (LpxF) was found to be a novel vaccine target with the highest antigenicity. Having broad-spectrum conservancy with other H. pylori strains. Further, an immunoinformatic approach was used to predict an effective epitope-based vaccine against H. pylori. LpxF protein has been predicted to have linear and conformational B-cell epitopes and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes. Virtual screening of all the predicted 35 peptides against human TLR2 receptors resulted in identifying the top 5 peptides. Subsequent redocking with exhaustive parameters reported two peptides with docking energy of -6.9 kcal/mol with a good interaction pattern between the peptide-TLR2 complexes. Furthermore, a panel of two potent epitopes has been proposed that could be used to immunize populations against multiple H. pylori infections.
Perceptions, beliefs, and needs of Japanese people with knee osteoarthritis during conservative care: A qualitative study
Authors: Uritani Daisuke , Ikeda Akane , Shironoki Toru , Matsubata Kentaro , Mutsura Yuto , Fujii Tadashi , Ikeda Koji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Patients’ perceptions and beliefs of disease could be influenced by their lifestyle and culture. Although it is important to understand their perceptions and beliefs toward disease to prevent and manage osteoarthritis (OA) through conservative care, this topic has not been investigated in Japanese people with knee OA. Therefore, this qualitative study aims to clarify how Japanese patients with knee OA experience and perceive their symptoms and disabilities, and how they face them during conservative care.Methods Participants were recruited by purposive sampling. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine patients (2 men and 7 women, mean age, 74.3±5.5 years) with knee OA until data saturation was reached. Interview data comprised participants’ accounts of particular personal experiences of living with knee OA, including their perceptions and attitudes toward knee OA-related symptoms and disabilities. Two physiotherapists (one with extensive experience conducting qualitative studies) and four physiotherapy students conducted the interviews. Recorded interview data were transcribed verbatim in Japanese. Data analysis, including developing a coding scheme, was conducted based on a grounded theory approach. Results Six categories were extracted from the data: “self-analysis on the cause of knee OA,” “difficulties in daily life due to knee symptoms,” “psychological barrier,” “how to deal with knee pain and difficulty in moving,” “importance of connecting with others,” and “information considered useful to cope with knee OA.” Japanese patients with knee OA desired evidence-based information and to connect with other people in the same situation to solve problems related to their condition. Conclusions To address patients’ concerns, medical professionals should carry out careful interviews and obtain information regarding patients’ past experiences, and understand their experiences related to knee OA. Symptoms and difficulties experienced by patients with knee OA should be managed by evidence-based information integrating their perceptions and beliefs toward knee OA.