bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake and outcomes of early infant male circumcision services in four counties in Western Kenya
Authors: Okwaro Andale Thomas , Gachuno Onesmus , Awuor Theresa Odero Mary 
Published: July 2021

Background: Early Infant Male Circumcision (EIMC) is part of sustainable HIV prevention strategies in Kenya. The goals of the national EIMC program are to circumcise at least 40% of all newborn male infants delivered at hospitals offering the service and keep the rate of moderate and adverse events below 2%.
Objectives: To determine the proportion of early male infants (age less than 60 days) born at hospitals in four counties of western Kenya who got circumcised and document the prevalence of adverse events (AEs) among those circumcised.
Methods: A retrospective descriptive study involving all records for EIMC from 1st March 2014 through 31st March 2018 in four counties of western Kenya. Data analysis was done using EXEL to document proportion of facilities offering EIMC and compare EIMC uptake and outcomes in the four counties against the national goals for the program.
Results: A mean of 4.3% of total health facilities offer EIMC in the region. Siaya had the highest proportion of facilities offering EIMC while Migori had the lowest proportion. Uptake of EIMC was low at 17.4% for all male infants born, far less than the anticipated target of 40%. Average adverse event rates were 0.3%.
Conclusion: EIMC uptake remains low in this region of Kenya due to small number of health facilities offering the service. The proportion of circumcised early male infants born at the target health facilities is below the national target of 40% even though the rate of adverse events among those circumcised is acceptable.
Keywords: Adverse event; circumcision; early male infant; uptake; western Kenya.
Evaluation of quality of life and associated factors among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in North West region of Cameroon
Authors: N Busi Anissette , Nsoh Marius , O Otieno Moses , A Ndeso Sylvester , E Halle-Ekane Gregory 
Published: July 2021

Background: There is evidence that Quality of Life (QoL) of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) has a significant role in ART retention, treatment adherence, and survival. As a result, QoL is becoming increasingly important for policy- makers, program implementers, and researchers. However, factors associated with QoL, in a culturally diverse country like Cameroon are unknown.
Objective: We aimed to assess the QoL of PLHIV on ART and assess the extent to which physical, psychosocial, environ- mental, and spiritual factors drive QoL.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 PLHIV aged >21 in North-West Cameroon from April to July 2019. Data were collected using WHO-QOL BREF questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed.
Results: Majority (34.5%) of participants were in the age range of 41-50, with 73% females. The average QoL of the re- spondents was “good” with mean score of 3.57 on 5 and 71.4% agreed to have satisfactory QoL. Bivariate regression anal- yses revealed that all six proposed predictors were significantly associated with QoL. Psychological factors made the greatest impact (β = 0.213; p<0.003), followed by physical factors (β = 0.19; p<0.001).
Conclusion: PLHIV fairly agreed to have good QoL. The QoL was driven by mainly psychological and physical factors and not level of independence. However, the mean score perceptions for the investigated domains were low. Mental health ser- vices should consider these predictors when designing strategies to improve the QoL of PLHIV. While this study provides useful insights, other possible drivers of QoL among PLHIV should be investigated.
Keywords: Quality of life and associated factors; HIV patients; antiretroviral therapy; Cameroon.
Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy among children and adolescents living with HIV in the Mbita Sub County Hospital, Homa Bay- Kenya
Authors: N Tanyi William , Gachuno Onesmus , Odero Theresa , Farquhar Carey , Kimosop David , Mayi Allan 
Published: July 2021

Background: Adequate adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is key to the successful treatment of children and adoles- cents living with HIV. Continuous ART Adherence is the key factor for virologic suppression and stability of the immune system and prevents the occurrence of opportunistic infections. Children and adolescents struggle with adherence to ART for various reasons, including a poor psychosocial support system and clinic attendance.
Objectives: To describe the uptake of HIV treatment services among children and adolescents in the Mbita Sub-County Hospital, Homa Bay and determine how schooling, clinic attendance, and type of pill/regimen affect adherence to ART and viral suppression.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Mbita Sub-County Hospital. Medical chart data was abstracted from the hospital files of children and adolescents between the ages of 0-19 years on antiretroviral therapy, between the periods of October 2016 and September, 2017. Data was analyzed using measures of central tendency, and cross-tabulations were done to compare schooling, clinic attendance, type of pill/regimen and viral suppression. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between groups.
Results: According to patient files reviewed, majority of patients, 244(91.4%) were enrolled into care within 2 weeks of HIV diagnosis according to guidelines, and 193(73.1 %) remained enrolled in care at end of study period. An overall viral suppression of 74.2 %( 132) was recorded. Of all the files reviewed, 121(74.7%) of patients attending school suppressed against 11(68.8 %) out of school, p=0.280. Suppression among Day and boarding reported at 78.6 %( 11) and 74.8 %( 113) of those out of school, respectively, p=0.533. Participants in primary school, 17(85.0%) suppressed better than those in secondary school, 102(73.4%), p=0.263. Keeping clinic appointments among eligible patient files reviewed decreased from 83.1% at 3 months, p=0.016, to 76.6%, p=0.526 at 6 months and to 52.9% at 12 months, p=0.278. Only 3- month clinic appointment return rates and Enhanced Adherence Counseling (EAC) were significant predictors of viral supression χ2 (2) = 0.280, p = 0.869 (> 0.05).
Conclusion: The clinic attendance rate within the first 3 months, and Enhanced Adherence Counseling (EAC) were signif- icant predictors of viral suppression, and therefore adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
Keywords: Adherence; clinic attendance; antiretroviral therapy; HIV; virologic suppression.
Retention of pediatric patients in care: a study of the Kibera Community Health Center HIV/AIDS Program
Authors: K Muli-Kinagwi Sara , Ndirangu Meshack , Gachuno Onesmus , Muhula Samuel 
Published: July 2021

Background: In 2011, 3.4 million children were living with HIV worldwide1.
Objectives: Describe the characteristics of pediatric patients enrolled into the HIV program at the Kibera community health center between January 2012 and March 2013. Determine the proportion of enrolled paediatric patients lost to follow up. Determine the correlates associated with retention and loss to follow up.
Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study of program data of all pediatric patients enrolled into the HIV pro- gram in the facility between January 2012 and March 2013. The data was analyzed using SPSS.
Results: Of the 100 pediatric patients enrolled during the study period, 79 and 21 were HIV negative and positive respec- tively. Only 4 (5%) of the HIV exposed Infants and 11 (52%) of the HIV positive children were started on ART within the study period. The retention rate of the children at 3 months was 87% while the retention at both 12 and 15 months was 79%. There was an association between the mother or guardian disclosing their status and the retention of the child (p-value 0.026).
Conclusion: The disclosure of the HIV status by parent/guardian to the child was associated with better retention of the children in the program.
Keyword: Pediatric patients in care; Kibera community health center; HIV/AIDS.
Health care workers experiences in emergency obstetric care following implementation of an in-service training program: case of 2 Referral Hospitals in Botswana
Authors: Nkhwalume Ludo , Mashalla Yohana 
Published: July 2021

Background: Maternal mortality rate remains a challenge in many developing countries.
Objectives: This study explored experiences of Health Care Workers on Emergency Obstetrics Care (EMOC) in-service training and its effect on maternal mortality.
Methods: Descriptive qualitative study design was conducted using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Par- ticipants were EMOC trained midwives and doctors purposively selected from the 2 referral hospitals in the country. Data were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analysed using Grounded Theory approach.
Results: Four themes emerged including training, EMOC implementation, maternal death factors and EMOC prioritisation. The duration of training was viewed inadequate but responsiveness to and confidence in managing obstetric emergencies improved post EMOC training. Staff shortage, HCWs non-adherence and negative attitude to EMOC guidelines; delays in instituting interventions, inadequate community involvement, minimal or no health talk to women and their partners and communities on sexual reproductive matters and non-prioritisation of EMOC by authorities were concerns raised.
Conclusion: Strengthening health education at health facility levels, stakeholders’ involvement; and prioritising EMOC in-service training are necessary in reducing the national maternal mortality.
Keywords: Maternal mortality; health care workers; EMOC, in-service training.
The Initial Economic Burden of Femur Fractures on Informal Caregivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Von Kaeppler Ericka P. , Kramer Erik J. , Donnelley Claire A. , Hua Wu Hao- , Marseille Elliot , Eliezer Edmund , Roberts Heather J. , Shearer David , Morshed Saam 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundFemur fracture patients require significant in-hospital care. The burden incurred by caregivers of such patients amplifies the direct costs of these injuries and remains unquantified. Aim Here we aim to establish the in-hospital economic burden faced by informal caregivers of femur fracture patients. Methods
70 unique caregivers for 46 femoral shaft fracture patients were interviewed. Incurred economic burden was determined by the Human Capital Approach, using standardized income data to quantify productivity loss (in $USD). Linear regression assessed the relationship between caregiver burden and patient time-in-hospital.ResultsThe average economic burden incurred was $149, 9% of a caregiver’s annual income and positively correlated with patient time in hospital (p<0.01). Conclusion Caregivers of patients treated operatively for femur fractures lost a large portion of their annual income, and this loss increased with patient time in hospital. These indirect costs of femur fracture treatment constitute an important component of the total injury burden.
The potential of banana fruit Ranggap (Musa paradisiaca var. Troglodytarum) as an excipient alternative to oral tablet dosage form
Authors: Gozalil Dolih , Sopyan Iyan , Mustarichi Resmi , Legowo Wahyu Priyo 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Starch is one of the ingredients that has many benefits, including in the pharmaceutical field, especially as a pharmaceutical excipient in pharmaceutical formulations.
Aim: This study aims to isolate, characterise, and formulate the starch of banana fruit (Musa paradisiaca var. Troglodytarum) into tablet dosage forms.
Methods: The characteristics of the perceived banana starch can be said to be comparable to that of corn starch so that it is expected to be used as a source of starch which can be used as a pharmaceutical excipient. The starch of isolated banana fruit was used as a filler, binder, and crusher in the wet granulation method tablet formulations with concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 5%.
Results: The physicochemical characteristics of starch isolated from banana fruit are considered to meet the requirements of pharmaceutical excipients required in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients 6th edition and the United States Pharmacopeia 32nd edition.
Conclusion: Of the total formulas tested, tablets with binder content of banana starch 3%, 5% and 10% corn starch meet the tablet evaluation requirements.
Comparación de las concentraciones de glucosa plasmática y saliva en sujetos sanos
Authors: Yanet Medina Rojas , Eder Vargas Campos Luis , Adriana Vargas Campos , Bertha Rivera Ramírez Ana , Manuel Gallardo Montoya Juan , Manuel Luna Gomez Juan , Cesa Adams Ocampo Julio , Martin Vargas Zuñiga Luis 
Published: July 2021

RESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: La saliva pueda ser utilizada como un líquido de diagnóstico para evaluar el estado de salud. OBJETIVO: Comparar la glucosa salival con la glucemia plasmática en sujetos sanos. MATERIAL / MÉTODOS: Se analizaron saliva no estimulada de 99 mujeres y 47 hombres aparentemente sanos. RESULTADOS: Al comparar la glucosa plasmática vs. la saliva en mujeres encontramos que hay una fuerte diferencia estadística 68.723 ± 7.302 mg/dL plasmática vs 24.44 ± 2.095 mg/dL salival (p= 0.0001), de manera similar ocurrió en los hombres 70.393 ± 9.00 mg/dL plasmática vs 24.93 ± 2.643 salival (p ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Que la concentración de glucosa en la saliva pudiera ser un buen método para evaluar de manera no invasiva la concentración de glucosa en el organismo.

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Saliva can be used as a diagnostic fluid to assess health status. OBJECTIVE: To compare salivary glucose with plasma glucose in healthy subjects. MATERIAL/METHODS: Unstimulated saliva from 99 apparently healthy women and 47 apparently healthy men was analyzed. RESULTS: Comparing plasma glucose vs saliva in women we found that there is a strong statistical difference 68.723 ± 7.302 mg/dL plasma vs 24.44 ± 2.095 mg/dL saliva (p= 0.0001), similarly it occurred in men 70.393 ± 9.00 mg/dL plasma vs 24.93 ± 2.643 saliva (p ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSION: That glucose concentration in saliva could be a good method to evaluate in a non-invasive way the glucose concentration in the organism.
La competencia comunicativa escrita en la formación de ingenieros
Authors: Caligaris Marta Graciela , Rodríguez Georgina Beatriz , Laugero Lorena Fernanda 
Published: July 2021

RESUMEN
Las competencias comunicacionales comprenden el conjunto de conocimientos y capacidades que permiten producir y entender mensajes, adecuados a la situación y al contexto. En general, estas competencias conforman un aspecto poco trabajado en la formación de los ingenieros.
El objetivo principal de este trabajo es compartir la experiencia de cátedra desarrollada en Análisis Numérico en la Facultad Regional San Nicolás, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Argentina, con el fin de trabajar la competencia de comunicación escrita.
Dentro de esta experiencia se realizaron distintas instancias de evaluación para medir los resultados del trabajo realizado, que también son presentados. El análisis de los mismos permite concluir que la aplicación de esta metodología de trabajo contribuyó notoriamente a mejorar la competencia comunicativa escrita de los estudiantes.

ABSTRACT
Communication skills include the set of knowledge and abilities that allow producing and understanding messages, appropriate to the situation and context. Usually, these skills constitute a little worked aspect in the training of engineers.
The main objective of this work is to share the experience developed in Numerical Analysis at the Facultad Regional San Nicolás, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Argentina, in order to work on the written communication competence.
Within this experience, different assessments instances were carried out to measure the results of the performed work, and are also presented. Their analysis allows to conclude that the application of this work methodology contributed significantly to improving students' written communicative competence.
Penyuluhan Tentang Manfaat Jus Tomat Untuk Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Klien Hipertensi di Desa Talang Lebar Tanggamus Lampung
Authors: Djamaludin Djunizar , Qaulia Devi Surya , Kusumaningsih Dewi 
Published: July 2021

Dari 10 besar penyakit terbanyak di Provinsi Lampung, pada tahun 2013 hipertensi menduduki urutan ketujuh dengan jumlah 17,29 persen dan meningkat menjadi urutan kelima pada tahun 2014 dengan jumlah 30,01 persen dan pada tahun 2015 hipertensi meningkat lagi menjadi urutan ketiga dengan jumlah 33,05 persen. Berdasarkan penelitian diketahui bahwa diet yang menitik beratkan pada makanan rendah lemak, tinggi sayur dan buah-buahan mampu menurunkan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi contohnya tomat. Setelah dilaksanakannya penyuluhan dan demonstrasi, diharapkan pemberian jus tomat dapat untuk menurunkan tekanan darah pada klien hipertensi. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa penyuluhan menggunakan leaflet dan demonstrasi pembuatan jus tomat. Terdapat penurunan tekanan darah pada klien hipertensi setelah pemberian jus tomat selama 7 hari di Desa Talang Lebar, Tanggamus. Dengan demikian, pemberian jus tomat pada klien hipertensi sangat efektif dalam menurunkan tekanan darah. Abstract: Of the 10 biggest diseases in Lampung Province, in 2013 hypertension was seventh (17.29 percent) and increased to fifth in 2014 (30.01 percent) and in 2015 hypertension increased again to third (33, 05 percent). Based on research it is known that a diet that focuses on low-fat foods, high in vegetables and fruits can reduce blood pressure in people with hypertension such as tomatoes. The aim after counseling and demonstration is expected to provide tomato juice to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive clients. The activities carried out in the form of counseling using leaflets and demonstrations of making tomato juice. There was a decrease in blood pressure in hypertensive clients after giving tomato juice for 7 days at Talang Lebar Village, Tanggamus. Thus, giving tomato juice to hypertensive clients is very effective in lowering blood pressure.
Occupational Therapy in Postacute Care for Survivors of COVID-19: Research Gaps We Need to Fill
Authors: Malcolm Matt P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This column discusses issues in the delivery of postacute care (PAC) rehabilitation services for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors and gaps in the current research. Occupational therapy practitioners must not only better understand factors that influence the type of PAC rehabilitation a COVID-19 survivor will receive but also comprehend how wide variations in delivery of PAC occupational therapy have affected important outcomes for survivors. The COVID-19 Rehabilitation Research Framework, developed by Cochrane Rehabilitation and the World Health Organization Rehabilitation Program, offers a guide for occupational therapy research priorities that may fill two important gaps: (1) the need for high-quality PAC rehabilitation studies and (2) the need for research on activity and participation assessments and outcomes for COVID-19 survivors. Using electronic health records and other data sources, occupational therapy practitioners and researchers can help build the evidence base to support and guide PAC rehabilitation for survivors of COVID-19 and, perhaps, future pandemics.
Inpatient Occupational Therapy Management for a Pediatric Patient With COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case Report
Authors: Walter Jordan C. , Coleman Casto Shelley D. , Gates Erin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This case report describes the distinct value of occupational therapy services in the treatment of a pediatric patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in an acute care setting. Practice-based evidence was used to design the treatment plan for this patient throughout the course of his hospital stay. Interventions addressed range of motion, strength, functional endurance, activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and functional cognition. Occupational therapy goals focused on the progression toward return to baseline functioning and participation in ADLs and IADLs.
Responding to COVID-19: Resilience in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Malloy Julie , Cahill Susan , Lieberman Deborah , Trudeau Scott A. , Harvison Neil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This special issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy highlights the contribution of occupational therapy practitioners to the care of clients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The case studies and articles exemplify the resilience of practitioners and the importance of occupational therapy interventions in addressing the physical, cognitive, psychological, and social needs of clients, their families, and care providers. We encourage practitioners to be inventive, to be collaborative, and to contribute to research regarding the benefits of occupational therapy for this population.
African anthropogenic emissions inventory for gases and particles from 1990 to 2015
Authors: Keita Sekou , Liousse Catherine , Assamoi Eric-Michel , Doumbia Thierno , N'Datchoh Evelyne Touré , Gnamien Sylvain , Elguindi Nellie , Granier Claire , Yoboué Véronique 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. There are very few African regional inventories providing
biofuel and fossil fuel emissions. Within the framework of the DACCIWA
project, we have developed an African regional anthropogenic emission
inventory including the main African polluting sources (wood and charcoal
burning, charcoal making, trucks, cars, buses and two-wheeled vehicles, open
waste burning, and flaring). To this end, a database on fuel consumption and
emission factors specific to Africa was established using the most recent
measurements. New spatial proxies (road network, power plant geographical
coordinates) were used to convert national emissions into gridded
inventories at a 0.1∘ × 0.1∘ spatial resolution. This
inventory includes carbonaceous particles (black and organic carbon) and
gaseous species (CO, NOx, SO2 and NMVOCs) for the period 1990–2015
with a yearly temporal resolution. We show that all pollutant emissions are
globally increasing in Africa during the period 1990–2015 with a growth rate of 95 %, 86 %, 113 %, 112 %, 97 % and 130 % for BC, OC,
NOx, CO, SO2 and NMVOCs, respectively. We also show that Western Africa is the highest emitting region of BC, OC, CO and NMVOCs, followed by
Eastern Africa, largely due to domestic fire and traffic activities, while
Southern Africa and Northern Africa are the highest emitting regions of
SO2 and NOx due to industrial and power plant sources. Emissions
from this inventory are compared to other regional and global inventories,
and the emissions uncertainties are quantified by a Monte Carlo simulation.
Finally, this inventory highlights key pollutant emission sectors in which
mitigation scenarios should focus on. The DACCIWA inventory (https://doi.org/10.25326/56, Keita et al., 2020) including the annual
gridded emission inventory for Africa for the period 1990–2015 is
distributed by the Emissions of atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of
Ancillary Data (ECCAD) system (https://eccad.aeris-data.fr/, last access: 19 July 2021​​​​​​​). For review
purposes, ECCAD has set up an anonymous repository where subsets of the
DACCIWA data can be accessed directly through https://www7.obs-mip.fr/eccad/essd-surf-emis-dacciwa/ (last access: 19 July 2021).