bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical detection of enteroviruses in pancreatic tissues of patients with type 1 diabetes using a polyclonal antibody against 2A protease of Coxsackievirus
Authors: Jimbo Erika , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Takeshita Akira , Mine Keiichiro , Nagafuchi Seiho , Fukui Tomoyasu , Yagihashi Soroku 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThe need for antiserum for immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of enterovirus (EV) in formaldehyde‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded samples is increasing. The gold standard monoclonal antibody (clone 5D8/1) against EV‐envelope protein (VP1) was proven to cross‐react with other proteins. Another candidate marker of EV proteins is 2A protease (2Apro), which is encoded by the EV gene and translated by the host cells during EV replication, and participates processing proproteins to viral capsid proteins.Materials and MethodsWe raised polyclonal antiserum by immunizing a rabbit with an 18‐mer peptide of Coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1)‐2Apro, and examined the specificity and sensitivity for EV on formaldehyde‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue samples.ResultsEnzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay study showed a high titer of antibody for 18‐mer peptide of CVB1‐2Apro, cross‐reacting with CVB3‐2Apro peptide. IHC showed that antiserum against 2Apro reacted with CVB1‐infected and VP1‐positive Vero cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that antigen stained by the 2Apro antibody located in the same cell with VP1 stained by 5D8/1. IHC using 2Apro antiserum showed dense staining in the islets of EV‐associated fulminant type 1 diabetes pancreas and that located in the same cell stained positive for VP1 (5D8/1). Specificity of 2Apro antiserum by IHC staining was confirmed by negative 2Apro in 14 VP1‐negative non‐diabetes control pancreases.ConclusionsOur study provides a new polyclonal antiserum against CVB1‐2Apro, which might be useful for IHC of EV‐infected human tissues stored as archive of formaldehyde‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue samples.
Diet and gut microbiome in fatty liver and its associated liver cancer
Authors: Pan Yasi , Zhang Xiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide as a consequence of a sedentary lifestyle and overnutrition. NAFLD could progress to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may further develop to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The gut microbiome is one of the central regulators in host metabolism. Diet could change human gut microbiome rapidly and reproducibly and modulate several metabolic pathways. Both diet and gut microbiome dysbiosis are associated with NAFLD and its related HCC (NAFLD‐HCC). Dietary cholesterol, fiber, fat, or carbohydrate could change the microbiome composition to contribute to the development of NASH and NAFLD‐HCC. Hence, identification of elements of the gut–liver axis that are primarily damaged in NASH and NAFLD‐HCC offers new possibility for therapeutic intervention. In this review, the roles of gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in the development and progression of NAFLD and NAFLD‐HCC are first discussed. The impacts of different diet compositions including cholesterol, fiber, fat, and sugar on the gut microbiome that leads to predisposition to NASH and NAFLD‐HCC are also explored. We summarized the article by discussing potential therapeutic implication of diet and microbiome modulation in fatty liver and liver cancer.
Microscopic analysis for the oxidation of sulphide‐bearing aggregate
Authors: Elmosallamy Mona , Shehata Medhat H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMortar samples were prepared with sulphide‐bearing aggregates and tested for the potential of aggregate oxidation followed by sulphate attack. Scanning Electron Microscopy and its associated Energy Dispersive X‐Ray analysis were used to analyze the developed phases in the tested samples to confirm that the obtained expansion is attributable to sulphate attack. The Energy Dispersive X‐Ray analysis helped identify sulphide phases in aggregates and evidence of sulphate attack in mortars. Ettringite was detected and confirmed in the mortars with sulphide‐bearing aggregates suggesting that the test conditions are suitable for reproducing the damaging mechanism of sulphide oxidation.
Gene flow, linked selection, and divergent sorting of ancient polymorphism shape genomic divergence landscape in a group of edaphic specialists
Authors: Ke Fushi , Vasseur Liette , Yi Huiqin , Yang Lihua , Wei Xiao , Wang Baosheng , Kang Ming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInterpreting the formation of genomic variation landscape, especially genomic regions with elevated differentiation (i.e. islands), is fundamental to a better understanding of the genomic consequences of adaptation and speciation. Edaphic islands provide excellent systems for understanding the interplay of gene flow and selection in driving population divergence and speciation. However, discerning the relative contribution of these factors that modify patterns of genomic variation remains difficult. We analysed 132 genomes from five recently divergent species in Primulina genus, with four species distributed in Karst limestone habitats and the fifth one growing in Danxia habitats. We demonstrated that both gene flow and linked selection have contributed to genome‐wide variation landscape, where genomic regions with elevated differentiation (i.e., islands) were largely derived by divergent sorting of ancient polymorphism. Specifically, we identified several lineage‐specific genomic islands that might have facilitated adaptation of P. suichuanensis to Danxia habitats. Our study is amongst the first cases disentangling evolutionary processes that shape genomic variation of plant specialists, and demonstrates the important role of ancient polymorphism in the formation of genomic islands that potentially mediate adaptation and speciation of endemic plants in special soil habitats.
A constitutive stress response is a result of low temperature growth in the Antarctic green algaChlamydomonassp.UWO241
Authors: Cvetkovska Marina , Zhang Xi , Vakulenko Galyna , Benzaquen Samuel , Szyszka‐Mroz Beth , Malczewski Nina , Smith David R. , Hüner Norman P.A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Antarctic green algaChlamydomonassp. UWO241 is an obligate psychrophile that thrives in the cold (4–6°C) but is unable to survive at temperatures ≥18°C. Little is known how exposure to heat affects its physiology or whether it mounts a heat stress response in a manner comparable to mesophiles. Here, we dissect the responses of UWO241 to temperature stress by examining its growth, primary metabolome and transcriptome under steady‐state low temperature and heat stress conditions. In comparison withChlamydomonas reinhardtii, UWO241 constitutively accumulates metabolites and proteins commonly considered as stress markers, including soluble sugars, antioxidants, polyamines, and heat shock proteins to ensure efficient protein folding at low temperatures. We propose that this results from life at extreme conditions. A shift from 4°C to a non‐permissive temperature of 24°C alters the UWO241 primary metabolome and transcriptome, but growth of UWO241 at higher permissive temperatures (10 and 15°C) does not provide enhanced heat protection. UWO241 also fails to induce the accumulation of HSPs when exposed to heat, suggesting that it has lost the ability to fine‐tune its heat stress response. Our work adds to the growing body of research on temperature stress in psychrophiles, many of which are threatened by climate change.
Predicting biochemical acclimation of leaf photosynthesis in soybean under in‐field canopy warming using hyperspectral reflectance
Authors: Kumagai Etsushi , Burroughs Charles H. , Pederson Taylor L. , Montes Christopher M. , Peng Bin , Kimm Hyungsuk , Guan Kaiyu , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. , Bernacchi Carl J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTraditional gas exchange measurements are cumbersome, which makes it difficult to capture variation in biochemical parameters, namely the maximum rate of carboxylation measured at a reference temperature (Vcmax25) and the maximum electron transport at a reference temperature (Jmax25), in response to growth temperature over time from days to weeks. Hyperspectral reflectance provides reliable measures of Vcmax25 and Jmax25; however, the capability of this method to capture biochemical acclimations of the two parameters to high growth temperature over time has not been demonstrated. In this study, Vcmax25 and Jmax25 were measured over multiple growth stages during two growing seasons for field‐grown soybeans using both gas exchange techniques and leaf spectral reflectance under ambient and four elevated canopy temperature treatments (ambient+1.5, +3, +4.5, and +6°C). Spectral vegetation indices and machine learning methods were used to build predictive models for Vcmax25 and Jmax25, based on the leaf reflectance. Results showed that these models yielded an R2 of 0.57–0.65 and 0.48–0.58 for Vcmax25 and Jmax25, respectively. Hyperspectral reflectance captured biochemical acclimation of leaf photosynthesis to high temperature in the field, improving spatial and temporal resolution in the ability to assess the impact of future warming on crop productivity.
The institution of medicine and transgender identity construction: Between a doc and a hard place
Authors: Toman Lindsay 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch shows that when transgender young people are well‐supported throughout their gender transition they have similar levels of depression to their cisgender counterparts. For transgender young people who wish to transition medically, these support systems may include parents as advocates and healthcare professionals who specialize in transgender services. Decisions about steps throughout transition are made by transgender children, their parents, and their physicians. An examination of gender structure theory and medicalization literature helps to assess how medicine‐on institutional, interactional, and individual levels‐contributes to cisnormativity and enables us to reflect on the relationships among sex, gender, and science. This literature review aims to analyze how cultural ideologies influence medical processes that shape the identity construction of transgender children and it sheds light on parental involvement throughout transitions.
Gender differences in the perceptions of green spaces characteristics
Authors: Braçe Olta , Garrido‐Cumbrera Marco , Correa‐Fernández José 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveUrban green spaces provide a wide range of health benefits for the population and, therefore, their use should be promoted. However, men and women perceive and value the characteristics of urban green spaces differently, as both have different sensitivities and expectations. The present study aims to identify gender differences in the perceptions of urban green spaces characteristics.MethodsGender differences in the perceptions of eleven urban green spaces characteristics were assessed, including lighting, safety, cleanliness, walking routes, bike lanes, shaded areas, recreational areas, off‐leash dog areas, children's playgrounds, drinking fountains, and pleasant views.ResultsOur results showed that women attribute a higher value to all the characteristics of the urban green spaces analyzed, being the most appreciated the presence of off‐leash dog areas, lighting, children's playgrounds, pleasant views, drinking fountains, safety and recreational areas. In addition, older and more educated people, unemployed women, and single men consider green spaces to be highly important.ConclusionThe results of this study provide evidence for the adequate planning, design and development of urban green spaces that meet the needs of all users.
Social distance attitudes, educational mobility, and European ancestry groups in the post‐World‐War II United States
Authors: Boyd Robert L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the improvement of U.S. natives’ social distance attitudes toward Southern, Central, and Eastern (SCE) European ancestry groups in the post‐World‐War II United States, applying the idea that prejudice against these groups was due to racial/ethnic prejudice and social class prejudice.MethodsAnalyzing data from the Bogardus surveys and other published sources, the study tests the proposition that U.S. natives’ social distance attitudes toward SCE European ancestry groups improved because social class prejudice against these groups diminished as the groups’ educational attainment levels increased from the second‐ to third‐generations.ResultsContrary to modernization and classical assimilation theories, the favorable trend in U.S. natives’ social distance attitudes toward SCE European ancestry groups was unaffected by the groups’ intergenerational educational mobility.ConclusionThe decline in prejudice against SCE European ancestry groups in the postwar United States resulted from a decrease in racial/ethnic prejudice against these groups, independently of social class prejudice.
Interprofessional learning about medication safety
Authors: Young Joanne , Zolio Luigi , Brock Tina , Harrison Julia , Hodgkinson Marisa , Kumar Arunaz , Morphet Julia , Kent Fiona 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSafe medication management requires collaboration between health professionals.ApproachA mixed academic and clinician team co‐designed and co‐facilitated a 2‐h interprofessional medication safety workshop, covering medication history taking, perioperative medication management, discharge planning, incident review and dosing and administration calculations. Three workshop sessions were delivered across three sites during September 2019 at a large metropolitan healthcare network. Senior nursing, medical and pharmacy students were invited to participate in the workshops and evaluation.EvaluationWe evaluated satisfaction, learning experience and perceived clinical application for medical, pharmacy and nursing students. Surveys were conducted immediately after each workshop and at 4 weeks. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively and qualitative data analysed using thematic analysis. Forty‐five students participated in the evaluative component of the workshops. Mean student response scores demonstrated a high level of satisfaction with the workshop's relevance and utility to their learning. Students expressed strong agreement that the workshop promoted communication across professions for medication safety. Analysis of the qualitative data identified seven key themes, with consistently positive responses provided in each: interactions within the interprofessional team; recognising the importance of teams; learning the process of medication use; acknowledging and working with difference; role playing; thinking patient safety; and authenticity.ImplicationsA 2‐h interprofessional workshop about medication safety provided positive learning experiences with high satisfaction to medical, nursing and pharmacy students, and had strong perceived applicability to their future clinical practice.
Large structural variations in the haplotype‐resolved African cassava genome
Authors: Mansfeld Ben N. , Boyher Adam , Berry Jeffrey C. , Wilson Mark , Ou Shujun , Polydore Seth , Michael Todd P. , Fahlgren Noah , Bart Rebecca S. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryCassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz, 2n = 36) is a global food security crop. It has a highly heterozygous genome, high genetic load, and genotype‐dependent asynchronous flowering. It is typically propagated by stem cuttings and any genetic variation between haplotypes, including large structural variations, is preserved by such clonal propagation. Traditional genome assembly approaches generate a collapsed haplotype representation of the genome. In highly heterozygous plants, this results in artifacts and an oversimplification of heterozygous regions. We used a combination of Pacific Biosciences (PacBio), Illumina, and Hi‐C to resolve each haplotype of the genome of a farmer‐preferred cassava line, TME7 (Oko‐iyawo). PacBio reads were assembled using the FALCON suite. Phase switch errors were corrected using FALCON‐Phase and Hi‐C read data. The ultralong‐range information from Hi‐C sequencing was also used for scaffolding. Comparison of the two phases revealed >5000 large haplotype‐specific structural variants affecting over 8 Mb, including insertions and deletions spanning thousands of base pairs. The potential of these variants to affect allele‐specific expression was further explored. RNA‐sequencing data from 11 different tissue types were mapped against the scaffolded haploid assembly and gene expression data are incorporated into our existing easy‐to‐use web‐based interface to facilitate use by the broader plant science community. These two assemblies provide an excellent means to study the effects of heterozygosity, haplotype‐specific structural variation, gene hemizygosity, and allele‐specific gene expression contributing to important agricultural traits and further our understanding of the genetics and domestication of cassava.
Constitutively enhanced genome integrity maintenance and direct stress mitigation characterize transcriptome of extreme stress‐adapted Arabidopsis halleri
Authors: Lee Gwonjin , Ahmadi Hassan , Quintana Julia , Syllwasschy Lara , Janina Nadežda , Preite Veronica , Anderson Justin E. , Pietzenuk Björn , Krämer Ute 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYHeavy metal‐rich toxic soils and ordinary soils are both natural habitats of Arabidopsis halleri, a diploid perennial and obligate outcrosser in the sister clade of the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The molecular divergence underlying survival in sharply contrasting environments is unknown. Here we comparatively address metal physiology and transcriptomes of A. halleri originating from the most highly heavy metal‐contaminated soil in Europe, Ponte Nossa, Italy (Noss), and from non‐metalliferous (NM) soils. Plants from Noss exhibit enhanced hypertolerance and attenuated accumulation of cadmium (Cd), and their transcriptomic Cd responsiveness is decreased, compared to plants of NM soil origin. Among the condition‐independent transcriptome characteristics of Noss, the most highly overrepresented functional class of ‘meiotic cell cycle’ comprises 21 transcripts with elevated abundance in vegetative tissues, in particular Argonaute 9 (AGO9) and the synaptonemal complex transverse filament protein‐encoding ZYP1a/b. Increased AGO9 transcript levels in Noss are accompanied by decreased long terminal repeat retrotransposon expression. Similar to Noss, plants from other highly metalliferous sites in Poland and Germany share elevated somatic AGO9 transcript levels in comparison to plants originating from NM soils in their respective geographic regions. Transcript levels of Iron‐Regulated Transporter 1 (IRT1) are very low and transcript levels of Heavy Metal ATPase 2 (HMA2) are strongly elevated in Noss, which can account for its altered Cd handling. We conclude that in plants adapted to the most extreme abiotic stress, broadly enhanced functions comprise genes with likely roles in somatic genome integrity maintenance, accompanied by few alterations in stress‐specific functional networks.
Diagnostic algorithm for classification and characterization of direct antiglobulin test‐negative autoimmune hemolytic anemia with 1‐year clinical follow‐up
Authors: Kamesaki Toyomi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 5%–10% of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) cases are negative for direct antiglobulin test (DAT). We previously reported a classification system for untreated patients with DAT‐negative AIHA by quantifying levels of red blood cell (RBC)‐bound IgG. This study investigated the clinical utility of a novel diagnostic algorithm with a comprehensive classification system and characterized each subgroup in DAT‐negative AIHA.Study Design and MethodsWe assessed 637 patients with undiagnosed hemolytic anemia using our diagnostic algorithm and classification system, which was based on RBC‐bound IgG levels and results of column method‐DAT before and after washing RBCs.ResultsPatients were diagnosed with DAT‐negative AIHA with 97% sensitivity and 84% specificity when the laboratory tests were performed before treatment and classified into the following six categories: tube DAT‐negative, low‐affinity IgG, double DAT‐negative, IgA‐ or IgM‐positive, low‐affinity IgM, and s/o non‐AIHA. The first three types were major conditions and accounted for 76% of DAT‐negative AIHA cases. Based on multivariate analyses of idiopathic DAT‐negative AIHA (n = 71), platelet count and albumin concentration were significant factors for survival at 1‐year follow‐up. The low‐affinity IgG group showed the highest platelet count and albumin levels, better response to steroids, and higher 1‐year survival rate than those in other groups.DiscussionOur classification included DAT‐negative, IgA‐driven, and warm‐IgM AIHA categories, which were atypical forms of AIHA with the severe onset and increased risk of relapse. When treating a patient with DAT‐negative hemolysis, atypical AIHA should be considered and tested in reference laboratories, especially before treatment.
Threshold effects of openness on real and nominal effective exchange rates in emerging and developing economies
Authors: Glebocki Keefe Helena , Saha Sujata 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we assess the direct and indirect effects of the degree of openness in emerging and developing economies on exchange rate movements. Using threshold regression analysis for twenty‐five economies for the period of 2000–2017, we find that changes in inflation, interest rate differentials and government debt have a more sizable and significant effect on real effective exchange rates in less open economies, which is not detected in countries with openness above the threshold value. In more open economies, nominal effective exchange rate movements are driven by interest rate differentials and real GDP growth. However, the exchange rate response is still smaller than in less open economies. Lastly, the measure of openness matters. Evidence of threshold effects is most significant when considering overall openness with the KOF Globalisation Index, rather than the traditional measure of trade openness alone.
Dissolved oxygen technologies as a novel strategy for non‐healing wounds: A critical review
Authors: Ntentakis Dimitrios P. , Ntentaki Anastasia Maria , Delavogia Eleni , Kalomoiris Loukas , Venieri Danae , Arkadopoulos Nikolaos , Kalogerakis Nicolas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNon‐healing wounds are steadily becoming a global‐health issue. Prolonged hypoxia propagates wound chronicity; yet, oxygenating treatments are considered inadequate to date. Dissolved oxygen (DO) in aqueous solutions introduces a novel approach to enhanced wound oxygenation, and is robustly evaluated for clinical applications. A systematic literature search was conducted, whereby experimental and clinical studies of DO technologies were categorized per engineering approach. Technical principles, methodology, endpoints and outcomes were analysed for both oxygenating and healing effects. Forty articles meeting our inclusion criteria were grouped as follows: DO solutions (17), oxygen (O2) dressings (9), O2 hydrogels (11) and O2 emulsions (3). All technologies improved wound oxygenation, each to a variable degree. They also achieved at least one statistically significant outcome related to wound healing, mainly in epithelialization, angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. Scarcity in clinical data and methodological variability precluded quantitative comparisons among the biotechnologies studied. DO technologies warrantee further evaluation for wound oxygenation in the clinical setting. Standardised methodologies and targeted research questions are pivotal to facilitate global integration in healthcare.