bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservice Physics Teachers’ Development of Physics Identities: the Role of Multiple Representations
Authors: Munfaridah Nuril , Avraamidou Lucy , Goedhart Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIdentity-based research in physics education has been receiving increased attention in the past few years given the potential of identity in producing novel insights into the ways’ students engage in physics. In this study, we examined the development of preservice physics teachers’ physics identity through a specific instructional practice: a specially designed course incorporating the use of the multiple representations. Although specific programs and instructional practices have been found to influence the development of physics identity, there is no clear evidence about the kinds of instructional practices that might support its development. To examine the influence of multiple representations on each component of physics identity, we designed and implemented a physics course that used a multiple representation (MR)-based instructional approach with a group of 61 preservice physics teachers at a public university in Indonesia. Data were collected with a pre- and post-questionnaire on physics identity, a conceptual understanding test, and a post-test that examined differences between identity components before and after the course, conceptual understandings, as well as the participants’ views about the use of the MR-based instructional approach. The findings revealed a significant improvement of two components of physics identity, namely, competence and interest, and point to the potential of MR-based instruction in physics courses.
Water Group Exospheres and Surface Interactions on the Moon, Mercury, and Ceres
Authors: Schörghofer Norbert , Benna Mehdi , Berezhnoy Alexey A. , Greenhagen Benjamin , Jones Brant M. , Li Shuai , Orlando Thomas M. , Prem Parvathy , Tucker Orenthal J. , Wöhler Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWater ice, abundant in the outer solar system, is volatile in the inner solar system. On the largest airless bodies of the inner solar system (Mercury, the Moon, Ceres), water can be an exospheric species but also occurs in its condensed form. Mercury hosts water ice deposits in permanently shadowed regions near its poles that act as cold traps. Water ice is also present on the Moon, where these polar deposits are of great interest in the context of future lunar exploration. The lunar surface releases either OH or H2O during meteoroid showers, and both of these species are generated by reaction of implanted solar wind protons with metal oxides in the regolith. A consequence of the ongoing interaction between the solar wind and the surface is a surficial hydroxyl population that has been observed on the Moon. Dwarf planet Ceres has enough gravity to have a gravitationally-bound water exosphere, and also has permanently shadowed regions near its poles, with bright ice deposits found in the most long-lived of its cold traps. Tantalizing evidence for cold trapped water ice and exospheres of molecular water has emerged, but even basic questions remain open. The relative and absolute magnitudes of sources of water on Mercury and the Moon remain largely unknown. Exospheres can transport water to cold traps, but the efficiency of this process remains uncertain. Here, the status of observations, theory, and laboratory measurements is reviewed.
Spatiotemporal blocking of the bouncy particle sampler for efficient inference in state-space models
Authors: Goldman Jacob Vorstrup , Singh Sumeetpal S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe propose a novel blocked version of the continuous-time bouncy particle sampler of Bouchard-Côté et al. (J Am Stat Assoc 113(522):855–867, 2018) which is applicable to any differentiable probability density. This alternative implementation is motivated by blocked Gibbs sampling for state-space models (Singh et al. in Biometrika 104(4):953–969, 2017) and leads to significant improvement in terms of effective sample size per second, and furthermore, allows for significant parallelization of the resulting algorithm. The new algorithms are particularly efficient for latent state inference in high-dimensional state-space models, where blocking in both space and time is necessary to avoid degeneracy of MCMC. The efficiency of our blocked bouncy particle sampler, in comparison with both the standard implementation of the bouncy particle sampler and the particle Gibbs algorithm of Andrieu et al. (J R Stat Soc Ser B Stat Methodol 72(3):269–342, 2010), is illustrated numerically for both simulated data and a challenging real-world financial dataset.
Serological and viral genetic features of patients with COVID-19 in a selected German patient cohort—correlation with disease characteristics
Authors: Schmidt Jonas , Berghaus Sandro , Blessing Frithjof , Wenzel Folker , Herbeck Holger , Blessing Josef , Schierack Peter , Rödiger Stefan , Roggenbuck Dirk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo study host-virus interactions after SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, genetic virus characteristics and the ensued humoral immune response were investigated for the first time. Fifty-five SARS-CoV-2-infected patients from the early pandemic phase were followed up including serological testing and whole genome sequencing. Anti-spike and nucleocapsid protein (S/N) IgG and IgM levels were determined by screening ELISA and IgG was further characterized by reactivity to S-subunit 1 (anti-S1), S-subunit 2 (anti-S2) and anti-N. In 55 patients, 90 genetic SARS-CoV-2 changes including 48 non-synonymous single nucleotide variants were identified. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequencing data showed a cluster representing a local outbreak and various family clusters. Anti-S/N and anti-N IgG were detected in 49 patients at an average of 83 days after blood collection. Anti-S/N IgM occurred significantly less frequently than IgG whereas anti-S2 was the least prevalent IgG reactivity (P < 0.05, respectively). Age and overweight were significantly associated with higher anti-S/N and anti-S1 IgG levels while age only with anti-N IgG (multiple regression, P < 0.05, respectively). Anti-S/N IgG/IgM levels, blood group A + , cardiovascular and tumour disease, NSP12 Q444H and ORF3a S177I were independent predictors of clinical characteristics with anti-S/N IgM being associated with the need for hospitalization (multivariate regression, P < 0.05, respectively). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody generation was mainly affected by higher age and overweight in the present cohort. COVID-19 traits were associated with genetic SARS-CoV-2 variants, anti-S/N IgG/IgM levels, blood group A + and concomitant disease. Anti-S/N IgM was the only antibody associated with the need for hospitalization.
Prediction of risk factors and outcomes of neonatal acute kidney injury
Authors: AlGadeeb Kumail , Qaraqei Mostafa , Algadeeb Rahma , Faqeehi Hassan , Al-Matary Abdulrahman 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Neonatal Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an underestimated morbidity in the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU). However, there is a paucity of information about risk factors, outcomes, and possible preventive measures to limit its occurrence.

Aim
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of neonatal AKI in a neonatal ICU. Data obtained from this study will help to better understand current local practices and investigate possible preventive strategies.

Materials and methods
Charts from January 2011 to December 2018 were reviewed. Neonates less than 2 weeks old who depended on intravenous fluid as a nutrition source for at least two days were included.

Results
Overall, the eight-year prevalence of neonatal AKI in the neonatal ICU was 19.6%, and severity was distributed as follows: stage 1 (46.2%), stage 2 (26.5%), and stage 3 (27.3%). Caffeine administration before 29 weeks’ gestational age significantly decreased the incidence of neonatal AKI. The incidence of neonatal AKI was independently associated with death (odds ratios (OR) = 7.11, P < 0.001) and extended length of hospital stay (OR = 2.47, P < 0.001). In the multivariate regression model, vancomycin (AOR = 1.637, P < 0.004), loop diuretics (AOR = 2.203, P < 0.001), intraventricular hemorrhage (AOR = 2.605, P < 0.001), surgical intervention (AOR = 1.566, P < 0.008), mechanical ventilation (AOR = 1.463, P < 0.015), and dopamine administration (AOR = 2.399, P < 0.001) were independently associated with neonatal AKI.

Conclusion
Neonatal AKI occurred in one-fifth of the study population in a neonatal ICU. Outcomes can be improved by identifying high-risk infants and cautiously monitoring kidney function.
The 3-D Skills Model: a Randomised Controlled Pilot Study Comparing a Novel 1–1 Near-Peer Teaching Model to a Formative OSCE with Self-regulated Practice
Authors: Robertson C. , Al-Moasseb Z. , Noonan Z. , Boyle J. G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Near-peer teaching is a popular pedagogical teaching tool, with well-recognised benefits for students and tutors. There are multiple existing models to structure these interventions, but it is often unclear how they translate to academic attainment. We designed a novel near-peer teaching model that expands on previous research.

Methods
Our model was piloted in a formative Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) setting, trialled on 22 pre-clinical medical students to establish feasibility, acceptability and descriptive outcomes that could inform the design of a larger study. Students were randomly assigned to intervention or control cohorts. Each cohort undertook 5 min formative OSCE assessments with either 3 additional minutes of structured teaching or 3 min of self-regulated practice before reattempting the first OSCE station. Checklist marking sheets for 1st and 2nd sittings were collected by independent external markers, in addition to a global assessment rating in which we used the Borderline Regression Method to establish the station pass mark.

Results
A quantitative and qualitative result analysis was performed, demonstrating that students gained on average 3 additional marks after teaching with this model. Students and student-tutors reported increased confidence, high course satisfaction and evidence of reflective practice.

Discussion
We established acceptability and feasibility outcomes. The descriptive outcomes will support the design of a larger, adequately powered study required to demonstrate translation to summative exam performance.
Viral social media videos can raise pro-social behaviours when an epidemic arises
Authors: Guo Yiting , Shachat Jason , Walker Matthew J. , Wei Lijia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccess to information via social media is one of the biggest differentiators of public health crises today. During the early stages of the Covid-19 outbreak in January 2020, we conducted an experiment in Wuhan, China to assess the impact of viral social media content on pro-social and trust behaviours and preferences towards risk taking with known and unknown probabilities. Prior to the experiment, participants viewed one of two videos that had been widely and anonymously shared on Chinese social media: a central government leader visiting a local hospital and supermarket, or health care volunteers transiting to Wuhan. In a control condition, participants watched a Neutral video, unrelated to the crisis. Viewing one of the leadership or volunteer videos leads to higher levels of pro-sociality and lesser willingness to take risks in an ambiguous situation relative to the control condition. The leadership video, however, induces lower levels of trust. We provide evidence from two post-experiment surveys that the video’s impact on pro-sociality is modulated by influencing the viewer’s affective emotional state.
Gestationsdiabetes und polyzystisches Ovarialsyndrom
Authors: Kollmann Martina 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDas polyzystische Ovarialsyndrom (PCOS) ist die häufigste endokrine Störung bei Frauen im reproduktiven Alter. Schwangerschaftskomplikationen kommen bei Frauen mit PCOS signifikant häufiger vor. Die häufigste Komplikation während der Schwangerschaft ist der Gestationsdiabetes mellitus (GDM). Neben dem PCOS spielen genetische Prädispositionen, Übergewicht, das mütterliche Alter und der Lebensstil der Frauen eine Rolle bei der Entstehung eines GDM. Eine frühe Diagnosestellung und eine damit verbundene Therapie sind essenziell, um mütterliche und kindliche Komplikationen zu reduzieren. Lifestyle-Interventionen spielen die wichtigste Rolle. Bei ca. 30 % der Frauen ist zusätzlich eine medikamentöse Therapie notwendig. Epidemiologische Studien haben gezeigt, dass die postpartale Betreuung und das Beibehalten der Lifestyle Änderungen essenziell ist. Regelmäßige physische Aktivität, eine gesunde Ernährung, das Vermeiden von Übergewicht wie auch eine verlängerte Stilldauer wirken sich positiv aus und minimieren das Risiko später an einem Typ-2-Diabtes zu erkranken.
Overcome Death Anxiety: The Development of an Online Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Programme for Fears of Death
Authors: Menzies Rachel E. , Sharpe Louise , Helgadóttir Fjóla Dögg , Dar-Nimrod Ilan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEmerging research suggests that death anxiety is a transdiagnostic construct, which may underpin a number of mental illnesses. Although cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been found to be the most effective treatment for death anxiety, no self-guided treatments for this construct exist at present. Furthermore, there is a growing need for accessible, scalable and cost-effective psychological treatments. To address these gaps, we createdOvercome Death Anxiety(ODA), an online CBT-based programme which specifically targets fears of death. ODA was designed to be a fully automated, standalone, yet individualised online treatment. The present study outlines the development and structure of this programme using responses from four users to illustrate feasibility. Research is needed to examine the efficacy and usability of ODA with a larger clinical sample.
The curious case of miR-155 in SLE
Authors: Ibrahim S. A. , Afify A. Y. , Fawzy I. O. , El-Ekiaby N. , Abdelaziz A. I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEpigenetic modifications have been well documented in autoimmune diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), in particular, have long intrigued scientists in the field of autoimmunity. Owing to its central role in the development of the immune system, microRNA-155 (miR-155) is deeply involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite the advancements made in treating SLE, the disease still remains incurable. Therefore, recent attention has been drawn to the manipulation of epigenetics in the development of curative treatments. In fact, it is a widely held view that miRNA-targeted therapy is a new glimmer of hope in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, the duplicity of miRNAs should not be overlooked. A single miRNA can target several mRNAs, and some mRNAs may possess opposing functions. In this review, we highlight the role of miR-155 as a biomarker and review its functions in SLE patients and animal models while discussing possible reasons behind inconsistencies across studies.
Access denied: understanding the relationship between women and sacred forests in Western India
Authors: Mokashi Shruti , Diemont Stewart A. W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSacred forests or groves are patches of forest vegetation that are traditionally protected by local communities because of their religious or cultural significance. The ecological aspects of sacred forests have been the focus of most of the scholarly discourse; little scholarship has examined how local people perceive their sacred areas. This scholarly lacuna is especially pronounced with respect to women, as the majority of sacred forests have traditionally been the domain of the men. Until recently, the sacred forests tradition in most regions endured with minimal participation of women, but with changing socio-economic and cultural conditions, sacred forests are declining. By examining women's perspectives regarding their relationship with their sacred forests, this research informs the scholarship on gender and sacred forests, and explores the role women can play in forest conservation. In 2015–2017, we conducted village meetings and in-depth interviews in four villages located in and around the Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats region of Maharashtra state, India. We found that apart from rules and taboos governing the protection of these sacred forests, taboos also revolve around the access and interaction of women with the sacred forests, with women having less control and decision-making power than men. Nevertheless, women expressed interest in continuation of the tradition of sacred forests, and the younger generation wants some of the gendered rules to change. We recommend including women in management and decision-making processes to strengthen the institution of sacred forests.
Justice as Checks and Balances
Authors: Franco-Vivanco Edgar 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe centralization of conflict resolution and the administration of justice, two crucial elements of state formation, are often ignored by the state-building literature. This article studies the monopolization of justice administration, using the historical example of the General Indian Court (gic) of colonial Mexico. The author argues that this court’s development and decision-making process can show us how the rule of law develops in highly authoritarian contexts. Centralized courts could be used strategically to solve an agency problem, limiting local elites’ power and monitoring state agents. To curb these actors’ power, the Spanish Crown allowed the indigenous population to raise claims and access property rights. But this access remained limited and subject to the Crown’s strategic considerations. The author’s theory predicts that a favorable ruling for the indigenous population was more likely in cases that threatened to increase local elites’ power. This article shows the conditions under which the rule of law can emerge in a context where a powerful ruler is interested in imposing limits on local powers—and on their potential predation of the general population. It also highlights the endogenous factors behind the creation of colonial institutions and the importance of judicial systems in colonial governance.
Access to administrative justice and the role of outreach measures: empirical findings on the Austrian Ombudsman Board
Authors: Dahlvik Julia , Pohn-Weidinger Axel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile access to civil-law institutions has been a traditional area of socio-legal research, access to administrative justice still constitutes an underresearched field. In the field of administrative law, public ombuds institutions represent an important pathway to resolve disputes without invoking a court. To date, we have little knowledge about who uses these ombuds institutions and which factors facilitate access to the ombuds. In this paper, on the basis of our survey among users of the Austrian Ombudsman Board (n= 8,274), we explore the effects of institutional design on the user population. The findings suggest that the two outreach measures – regular consultation days and a weekly TV broadcast – contribute to reducing existing inequalities with regard to users’ sociodemographic characteristics.
Soil Moisture Responses to Rainfall: Implications for Runoff Generation
Authors: Singh Nitin K. , Emanuel Ryan E. , McGlynn Brian L. , Miniat Chelcy F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSoil moisture is a key control on runoff generation and biogeochemical processes on hillslopes. Precipitation events can evoke different soil moisture responses with depth through the soil profile, and responses can differ among landscape positions along a hillslope. We sought to elucidate the nature of these responses by estimating changes in water content, response time between peak precipitation and peak soil moisture, and wetting front velocities for 43 storms at 45 locations on three adjacent hillslopes within a headwater catchment of the southern Appalachian Mountains (NC, USA). We used a multivariate modeling approach to quantify the relative influences and the predictability of soil moisture responses by a combination of landscape and storm characteristics. We quantified the lag correlations between hillslope mean soil moisture and catchment runoff to demonstrate how storm properties and hillslope‐scale characteristics may influence runoff at the catchment outlet. Soil moisture responses varied widely, and no consistent patterns were observed among response metrics laterally or vertically along hillslopes. In contrast to other studies, we found that the relative influence of hillslope properties and storm characteristics varied with soil moisture responses and during storms. Antecedent conditions and storm depths influenced the strength of lag correlations between soil moisture and runoff, whereas storm mean intensity was correlated with the lag times. These results highlight the utility of intensive observations for characterizing heterogeneity in soil moisture responses, suggesting, among other things, a need for better representation of the subsurface processes in rainfall‐runoff models. Identifying the relative importance of drivers can be beneficial in building parsimonious hydrological models.
Formation of East Asian Stagnant Slabs Due To a Pressure‐Driven Cenozoic Mantle Wind Following Mesozoic Subduction
Authors: Peng Diandian , Liu Lijun , Hu Jiashun , Li Sanzhong , Liu Yiming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe extensive fast seismic anomalies in the mantle transition zone beneath East Asia are often interpreted as stagnant Pacific slabs, and a reason for the widespread tectonics since the Mesozoic. Previous hypotheses for their formation mostly emphasize vertical resistances to slab penetration or trench retreat. In this study, we investigate the origin of these stagnant slabs using global‐scale thermal‐chemical models with data‐assimilation. We find that subduction of the Izanagi‐Pacific mid‐ocean ridge marked the transition of mantle flow beneath western Pacific from being surface‐driven Couette‐type flow to pressure‐driven Poiseuille‐type flow, a result previously unrealized. This Cenozoic westward mantle wind driven by the pressure gradient independently explains seismic anisotropy in the region. We conclude that the mantle wind is the dominant mechanism for the formation of stagnant slabs by advecting them westward while the pressure gradient holds them in the transition zone.