bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive validity of the braden scale for pressure injury risk assessment in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Can , Ma Yuxia , Wang Chenxia , Jiang Mengyao , Yuet Foon Loretta , Lv Lin , Han Lin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimPressure injuries are common adverse events in clinical practice, affecting the well‐being of patients and causing considerable financial burden to healthcare systems. It is therefore essential to use reliable assessment tools to identify pressure injuries for early prevention. The Braden Scale is a widely used tool to assess pressure injury risk, but the literature is currently lacking in determining its accuracy. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the Braden Scale in assessing pressure injury risk.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsArticles published between 1973–2020 from periodicals indexed in the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were selected. Two reviewers independently selected the relevant studies for inclusion. Data were analysed by the STATA 15.0 and the RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsIn total, 60 studies involving 49,326 individuals were eligible for this meta‐analysis. The pooled SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUC were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.74 to 0.82), 0.72 (95% CI: 0.66 to 0.78), 2.80 (95% CI: 2.30 to 3.50), 0.30 (95% CI: 0.26 to 0.35), 9.00 (95% CI: 7.00 to 13.00) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79 to 0.85), respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated that the AUC was higher for prospective design (0.84, 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.87), mean age <60 years (0.87, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.90), hospital (0.82, 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.86) and Caucasian population (0.86, 95% CI: 0.82 to 0.88). In addition, 18 was found to be the optimal cut‐off value.ConclusionThe evidence indicated that the Braden Scale had a moderate predictive validity. It was more suitable for mean age <60 years, hospitalized patients and the Caucasian population, and the cut‐off value of 18 might be used for the risk assessment of pressure injuries in clinical practice. However, due to the different cut‐off values used among included studies, the results had a significant heterogeneity. Future studies should explore the optimal cut‐off value in the same clinical environment.
Electrochemical Insight into Mechanisms and Metallocyclic Intermediates of C−H Functionalization
Authors: Budnikova Yulia H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation has emerged as a powerful tool in organic synthesis and electrosynthesis as well as in the development of new methodologies for producing fine chemicals. In order to achieve efficient and selective C−H functionalization, different strategies have been used to accelerate the C−H activation step, including the incorporation of directing groups in the substrate that facilitate coordination to the catalyst. In this review, we try to underscore that the understanding the mechanisms of the catalytic cycle and the reactivity or redox activity of the key metal cyclic intermediates in these reactions is the basis for controlling the selectivity of synthesis and electrosynthesis. Combination of the electrosynthesis and voltammetry with traditional synthetic and physico‐chemical methods allows one to achieve selective transformation of C−H bonds to functionalized C−C or C−X (X=heteroatom or halogen) bonds which may encourage organic chemists to use it in the future more often. The possibilities and the benefits of electrochemical techniques are analyzed and summarized.
Disruption of morphogenic and growth pathways in lysosomal storage diseases
Authors: Corrêa Thiago , Feltes Bruno C. , Giugliani Roberto , Matte Ursula 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe lysosome achieved a new protagonism that highlights its multiple cellular functions, such as in the catabolism of complex substrates, nutrient sensing, and signaling pathways implicated in cell metabolism and growth. Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) cause lysosomal accumulation of substrates and deficiency in trafficking of macromolecules. The substrate accumulation can impact one or several pathways which contribute to cell damage. Autophagy impairment and immune response are widely studied, but less attention is paid to morphogenic and growth pathways and its impact on the pathophysiology of LSDs. Hedgehog pathway is affected with abnormal expression and changes in distribution of protein levels, and a reduced number and length of primary cilia. Moreover, growth pathways are identified with delay in reactivation of mTOR that deregulate termination of autophagy and reformation of lysosomes. Insulin resistance caused by changes in lipids rafts has been described in different LSDs. While the genetic and biochemical bases of deficient proteins in LSDs are well understood, the secondary molecular mechanisms that disrupt wider biological processes associated with LSDs are only now becoming clearer. Therefore, we explored how specific signaling pathways can be related to specific LSDs, showing that a system medicine approach could be a valuable tool for the better understanding of LSD pathogenesis.This article is categorized under:
Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Correlators of vector, tensor, and scalar composite vertices of order O($$ {\alpha}_{\mathrm{s}}^2 $$β0)
Authors: Mikhailov S. V. , Volchanskiy N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present analytical results for massless correlators of two vector, tensor, and scalar composite vertices with the Bjorken fractions x and y of order $$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

β0 of QCD. The structure of these correlators ΠV,T,S(x, y; p2) and properties of its main elements are discussed in detail. Special attention is paid to verifying the results and comparing them with known particular cases. We apply the correlators to evaluate radiative corrections to the distribution amplitudes of light mesons within the QCD sum rules.
Bubble evolution around heterogeneities in ϕ4-field theories
Authors: Marín Juan F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLocalised heterogeneities have been recently discovered to act as bubble-nucleation sites in nonlinear field theories. Vacuum decay seeded by black holes is one of the most remarkable applications. This article proposes a simple and exactly solvableϕ4model to study bubble evolution about a localised heterogeneity. Bubbles with a rich dynamical behaviour are observed depending on the topological properties of the heterogeneity. The linear stability analysis of soliton-bubbles predicts oscillating bubbles and the insertion of new bubbles inside an expanding precursor bubble. Numerical simulations in 2+1 dimensions are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Sensitivity of the NEXT experiment to Xe-124 double electron capture
Authors:   The NEXT collaboration, Martínez-Lema G. , Martínez-Vara M. , Sorel M. , Adams C. , Álvarez V. , Arazi L. , Arnquist I. J. , Azevedo C. D. R , Bailey K. , Ballester F. , Benlloch-Rodríguez J. M. , Borges F. I. G. M. , Byrnes N. , Cárcel S. , Carrión J. V. , Cebrián S. , Church E. , Conde C. A. N. , Contreras T. , Díaz G. , Díaz J. , Diesburg M. , Escada J. , Esteve R. , Felkai R. , Fernandes A. F. M. , Fernandes L. M. P. , Ferrario P. , Ferreira A. L. , Freitas E. D. C. , Generowicz J. , Ghosh S. , Goldschmidt A. , Gómez-Cadenas J. J. , González-Díaz D. , Guenette R. , Gutiérrez R. M. , Haefner J. , Hafidi K. , Hauptman J. , Henriques C. A. O. , Hernando Morata J. A. , Herrero P. , Herrero V. , Ifergan Y. , Johnston S. , Jones B. J. P. , Kekic M. , Labarga L. , Laing A. , Lebrun P. , López-March N. , Losada M. , Mano R. D. P. , Martín-Albo J. , Martínez A. , McDonald A. D. , Monrabal F. , Monteiro C. M. B. , Mora F. J. , Muñoz Vidal J. , Novella P. , Nygren D. R. , Palmeiro B. , Para A. , Pérez J. , Querol M. , Redwine A. B. , Renner J. , Repond J. , Riordan S. , Ripoll L. , Rodríguez García Y. , Rodríguez J. , Rogers L. , Romeo B. , Romo-Luque C. , Santos F. P. , dos Santos J. M. F. , Simón A. , Sofka C. , Stiegler T. , Toledo J. F. , Torrent J. , Usón A. , Veloso J. F. C. A. , Webb R. , Weiss-Babai R. , White J. T. , Woodruff K. , Yahlali N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Double electron capture by proton-rich nuclei is a second-order nuclear process analogous to double beta decay. Despite their similarities, the decay signature is quite different, potentially providing a new channel to measure the hypothesized neutrinoless mode of these decays. The Standard-Model-allowed two-neutrino double electron capture (2νEC EC) has been predicted for a number of isotopes, but only observed in 78Kr, 130Ba and, recently, 124Xe. The sensitivity to this decay establishes a benchmark for the ultimate experimental goal, namely the potential to discover also the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless version of this process, 0νEC EC. Here we report on the current sensitivity of the NEXT-White detector to 124Xe 2νEC EC and on the extrapolation to NEXT-100. Using simulated data for the 2νEC EC signal and real data from NEXT-White operated with 124Xe-depleted gas as background, we define an optimal event selection that maximizes the NEXT-White sensitivity. We estimate that, for NEXT-100 operated with xenon gas isotopically enriched with 1 kg of 124Xe and for a 5-year run, a sensitivity to the 2νEC EC half-life of 6 × 1022 y (at 90% confidence level) or better can be reached.
Effective field theory for heavy vector resonances coupled to the Standard Model
Authors: Heiles Mathias , König Matthias , Neubert Matthias 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We construct an effective field theory describing the decays of a heavy vector resonance V into Standard Model particles. The effective theory is built using an extension of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory called SCETBSM, which provides a rigorous framework for parameterizing decay matrix elements with manifest power counting in the ratio of the electroweak scale and the mass of the resonance, λv/mV. Using the renormalization-group evolution of the couplings in the effective Lagrangian, large logarithms associated with this scale ratio can be resummed to all orders. We consider in detail the two-body decays of a heavy Z′ boson and of a Kaluza-Klein gluon at leading and subleading order in λ. We illustrate the matching onto SCETBSM with a concrete example of a UV-complete new-physics model.
Quantum machine learning for particle physics using a variational quantum classifier
Authors: Blance Andrew , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Quantum machine learning aims to release the prowess of quantum computing to improve machine learning methods. By combining quantum computing methods with classical neural network techniques we aim to foster an increase of performance in solving classification problems. Our algorithm is designed for existing and near-term quantum devices. We propose a novel hybrid variational quantum classifier that combines the quantum gradient descent method with steepest gradient descent to optimise the parameters of the network. By applying this algorithm to a resonance search in di-top final states, we find that this method has a better learning outcome than a classical neural network or a quantum machine learning method trained with a non-quantum optimisation method. The classifiers ability to be trained on small amounts of data indicates its benefits in data-driven classification problems.
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor: A Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wrona Ewa , Potemski Piotr , Sclafani Francesco , Borowiec Maciej 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive, treatment-resistant cancer. Five-year survival rate is about 9%, one of the lowest among all solid tumors. Such a poor outcome is partly due to the limited knowledge of tumor biology, and the resulting lack of effective treatment options and robust predictive biomarkers. The leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has recently emerged as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for PDAC. Accumulating evidence has suggested that LIF plays a role in supporting cancer evolution as a regulator of cell differentiation, renewal and survival. Interestingly, it can be detected in the serum of PDAC patients at higher concentrations than healthy individuals, this supporting its potential value as diagnostic biomarker. Furthermore, preliminary data indicate that testing for LIF serum concentration or tissue expression may help with treatment response monitoring and prognostication. Finally, studies in PDAC mouse models have also shown that LIF may be a valuable therapeutic target, and first-in-human clinical trial is currently ongoing. This article aims to review the available data on the role of LIF in PDAC promotion, and to discuss the evidence supporting its potential role as a biomarker and target of effective anti-cancer therapy in this setting.
A Modified MSA for Stochastic Control Problems
Authors: Kerimkulov B. , Šiška D. , Szpruch L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe classical Method of Successive Approximations (MSA) is an iterative method for solving stochastic control problems and is derived from Pontryagin’s optimality principle. It is known that the MSA may fail to converge. Using careful estimates for the backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) this paper suggests a modification to the MSA algorithm. This modified MSA is shown to converge for general stochastic control problems with control in both the drift and diffusion coefficients. Under some additional assumptions the rate of convergence is shown. The results are valid without restrictions on the time horizon of the control problem, in contrast to iterative methods based on the theory of forward-backward stochastic differential equations.
Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with nodular melanoma
Authors: Susok L. , Stücker M. , Bechara F. G. , Stockfleth E. , Gambichler T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Nodular melanoma (NM) is associated with worse disease outcome when compared to superficial spreading melanoma (SSM). We aimed to perform a single-center analysis of prognostic factors in patients with NM and compare the data with SSM patients.

Methods
We studied 228 patients with NN and 396 patients with SSM. Patients with in situ melanomas or stage IV at diagnosis were not included in the study. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test, Chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier curves including the log-rank test, and logistic regression model.

Results
When compared to patients with SSM, patients with NM had less likely lower Clark level, higher tumor thickness, less likely tumor regression, more often ulcerated tumors, and less likely a history of precursor lesions such as a nevus. Within a 5-year follow-up we observed significantly more disease relapses and deaths in NM patients than in SSM patients. On multivariate analysis, disease relapse in NM patients was independently predicted by tumor thickness and positive SLNB, whereas melanoma-specific death of NM patients was independently predicted by male sex and tumor thickness. Histologic regression also remained in the logistic regression model as a significant independent negative predictor of NM death.

Conclusions
We did not observe that NM subtype was per se a significant independent predictor for disease relapse or melanoma-specific death. Among the well-known prognostic factors such as tumor thickness and male sex, NM is also associated with other unfavorable factors such as absence of regression.
Bearingless PM-synchronous machine with axial active magnetic bearing fed by zero-sequence current
Authors: Dietz Daniel , Binder Andreas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel inverter supply for bearingless PM-synchronous motors with magnetic suspension allows the reduction of the number of power electronic switches. Hence, all six motional degrees of freedom of bearingless AC machines may be controlled via 3-phase inverter topologies. In this paper, instead of a bearingless motor consisting of two half motors, one bearingless motor with an additional radial active magnetic bearing is treated. Bearingless machines with cylindrical rotors in contrast to double cone rotors generate – apart from the electromagnetic torque – only radial magnetic forces. Hence, an axial magnetic bearing is used.For this bearing, there is no need for a feeding converter bridge as the bearing coil is fed by the zero-sequence current of the feeding 3-phase inverters. The bearing coil is placed between the two star points of the motor winding. The zero-sequence current amplitude is adjusted by the 3-phase inverters via pulse width modulation. The feasibility of this kind of axial position control is proven by simulation as well as with an experiment with a 1 kW prototype motor up to 60000 min−1.
Calculation of structure-borne sound in a direct drive wind turbine
Authors: Cardaun Martin , Schelenz Ralf , Jacobs Georg , Duda Tobias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this publication, the methods will be presented that are deployed to formulate a multi-physical system model of a direct drive wind turbine in order to calculate structure borne sound. The model includes excitation effect as well as sound radiating behaviour. The mechanical structure as a medium partner between excitation and radiation will be formulated through a multi-body simulation model in the time domain. In the multi-body simulation model, all relevant drivetrain components are considered with their structural eigenmodes in the frequency range of interest. The electromagnetic forces of the multi-pole ring generator are calculated and introduced into the mechanical structure at each stator tooth, rotor pole and various axial positions individually. Similarly, the modelling of the bearings is investigated for a range of available methods. Sound emission is evaluated at the large outer surface structures like tower, blades and nacelle cover. To minimize computational effort, the surface accelerations are not calculated for each surface node, instead a modal approach is used. Through a combination of mode shapes with mode participation factors of the respective structures, the surface accelerations can be regained during a post-processing step. Those results are used as input for airborne sound calculations. Nevertheless, the high number of modal and spatial degrees of freedom results in high computing costs.
Improved Appropriateness of Advanced Diagnostic Imaging After Implementation of Clinical Decision Support Mechanism
Authors: Chepelev Leonid L. , Wang Xuan , Gold Benjamin , Bonzel Clara-Lea , Rybicki Jr Frank , Uyeda Jennifer W , Sheikh Adnan , Anderson Dan , Lindaman Jared , Mogel Greg , Mitsouras Dimitrios , Mahoney Mary C. , Cai Tianxi , Rybicki Frank J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Protecting Access to Medicare Act (PAMA) mandates clinical decision support mechanism (CDSM) consultation for all advanced imaging. There are a growing number of studies examining the association of CDSM use with imaging appropriateness, but a paucity of multicenter data. This observational study evaluates the association between changes in advanced imaging appropriateness scores with increasing provider exposure to CDSM. Each provider’s first 200 consecutive anonymized requisitions for advanced imaging (CT, MRI, ultrasound, nuclear medicine) using a single CDSM (CareSelect, Change Healthcare) between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 were collected from 288 US institutions. Changes in imaging requisition proportions among four appropriateness categories (“usually appropriate” [green], “may be appropriate” [yellow], “usually not appropriate” [red], and unmapped [gray]) were evaluated in relation to the chronological order of the requisition for each provider and total provider exposure to CDSM using logistic regression fits and Wald tests. The number of providers and requisitions included was 244,158 and 7,345,437, respectively. For 10,123 providers with ≥ 200 requisitions (2,024,600 total requisitions), the fraction of green, yellow, and red requisitions among the last 10 requisitions changed by +3.0% (95% confidence interval +2.6% to +3.4%), −0.8% (95% CI −0.5% to −1.1%), and −3.0% (95% CI 3.3% to −2.7%) in comparison with the first 10, respectively. Providers with > 190 requisitions had 8.5% (95% CI 6.3% to 10.7%) more green requisitions, 2.3% (0.7% to 3.9%) fewer yellow requisitions, and 0.5% (95% CI −1.0% to 2.0%) fewer red (not statistically significant) requisitions relative to providers with ≤ 10 requisitions. Increasing provider exposure to CDSM is associated with improved appropriateness scores for advanced imaging requisitions.
Dataset2Vec: learning dataset meta-features
Authors: Jomaa Hadi S. , Schmidt-Thieme Lars , Grabocka Josif 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMeta-learning, or learning to learn, is a machine learning approach that utilizes prior learning experiences to expedite the learning process on unseen tasks. As a data-driven approach, meta-learning requires meta-features that represent the primary learning tasks or datasets, and are estimated traditonally as engineered dataset statistics that require expert domain knowledge tailored for every meta-task. In this paper, first, we propose a meta-feature extractor called Dataset2Vec that combines the versatility of engineered dataset meta-features with the expressivity of meta-features learned by deep neural networks. Primary learning tasks or datasets are represented as hierarchical sets, i.e., as a set of sets, esp. as a set of predictor/target pairs, and then a DeepSet architecture is employed to regress meta-features on them. Second, we propose a novel auxiliary meta-learning task with abundant data called dataset similarity learning that aims to predict if two batches stem from the same dataset or different ones. In an experiment on a large-scale hyperparameter optimization task for 120 UCI datasets with varying schemas as a meta-learning task, we show that the meta-features of Dataset2Vec outperform the expert engineered meta-features and thus demonstrate the usefulness of learned meta-features for datasets with varying schemas for the first time.
Fate of selenium in biofortification of wheat on calcareous soil: an isotopic study
Authors: Ahmad Saeed , Bailey Elizabeth H. , Arshad Muhammad , Ahmed Sher , Watts Michael J. , Young Scott D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSelenium (Se) biofortification of staple cereal crops can improve the Se nutritional status of populations. A field trial employing an enriched stable isotope of Se (77Se) was undertaken over three consecutive cropping seasons in a coarse-textured, calcareous soil in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The objectives were to (1) assess the feasibility and efficiency of Se biofortification, (2) determine the fate of residual Se, and (3) assess the consequences for dietary Se intake. Isotopically enriched77Se (77SeFert) was applied, either as selenate or as selenite, at three levels (0, 10, and 20 g ha−1) to a wheat crop. Residual77SeFertavailability was assessed in subsequent crops of maize and wheat without further77SeFertaddition. Loss of77SeFertwas c.35% by the first (wheat) harvest, for both selenium species, attributable to the practice of flood irrigation and low adsorption capacity of the soil. No77SeFertwas detectable in subsequent maize or wheat crops. The remaining77SeFertin soil was almost entirely organically bound and diminished with time following a reversible (pseudo-)first-order trend. Thus, repeat applications of Se would be required to adequately biofortify grain each year. In contrast to native soil Se, there was no transfer of77SeFertto a recalcitrant form. Grain from control plots would provide only 0.5 µg person−1 day−1of Se. By contrast, a single application of 20 g ha−1SeVIcould provide c. 47 µg person−1 day−1Se in wheat, sufficient to avoid deficiency when combined with dietary Se intake from other sources (c. 25 µg day−1).