bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urethral function and failure: A review of current knowledge of urethral closure mechanisms, how they vary, and how they are affected by life events
Authors: Pipitone Fernanda , Sadeghi Zhina , DeLancey John O. L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionA critical appraisal of the literature regarding female urethral function and dysfunction is needed in light of recent evidence showing the urethra's role in causing stress and urge urinary incontinence.MethodsAn evidence assessment was conducted using selected articles from the literature that contained mechanistic data on factors affecting urethral function and failure.ResultsMaximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) is 40% lower in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) than normal controls. Evidence from five women shows relatively equal contributions to MUCP from striated/smooth muscle, vascular‐plexus, connective tissue. MUCP varies twofold in individuals of similar age and declines 15% per decade even in nulliparous women. Age explains 57% of the variance in MUCP. This parallels with striated/smooth muscle loss and reduced nerve density. Factors influencing pressure variation minute‐to‐minute and decade‐to‐decade are poorly understood. Connective tissue changes have not been investigated. MUCP in de novo SUI persisting 9‐months postpartum is 25% less than in age and parity‐matched controls. Longitudinal studies do not show significant changes in urethral function after vaginal birth suggesting that changes in urethral support from birth may unmask pre‐existing sphincter weakness and precipitate SUI. Mechanisms of interaction between support injury, pre‐existing urethral weakness, and neuropathy are unclear.ConclusionUrethral failure is the predominant cause of SUI and a contributing factor for UUI; potentially explaining why mixed symptoms predominate in epidemiological studies. Age‐related striated muscle loss and differences between women of similar age are prominent features of poor urethral closure. Yet, connective tissue changes, vasculature function, and complex interactions among factors are poorly understood.
Onabotulinumtoxin A (Botox): A reasonable alternative for refractory neurogenic bladder dysfunction in children and young adults
Authors: Softness Kenneth A. , Thaker Hatim , Theva Didi , Rajender Archana , Cilento Bartley G. , Bauer Stuart B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsWe aimed to describe the effectiveness of Onabotulinumtoxin A (Botox) in children with neurogenic bladder (NGB) unresponsive to medical therapy to determine urodynamic parameters predictive of success.MethodsChildren receiving Botox for refractory NGB, between 2008 and 2019, from a single academic center, were included in this study. Botox success was defined as improvement of incontinence and/or urodynamic parameters.ResultsOf 34 patients who received Botox, 13 (38.2%) had a positive response from their first injection, with improvement in capacity by a median of 35% of expected capacity for age compared to only a 9% increase in those who did not respond clinically. When patients were divided into groups by baseline urodynamic parameters, high‐pressure (Pdetmax > 20 cm H2O) patients had significantly greater improvement in compliance compared with low‐pressure patients (p = 0.017). Low compliance patients (<10 ml/cm H2O) had a dramatic improvement of 3.08 ml/cm H2O in their compliance compared with minimal change in the high compliance group (p = 0.003). Finally, low‐capacity (<50% of expected CC) patients had significant improvement in capacity and compliance when compared with high‐capacity patients (p = 0.004 and p = 0.036, respectively). Improvement in detrusor overactivity (DO) was noted in both the clinical responders and non‐responders.ConclusionIn our series, 38% had clinical success with intradetrusor Botox injections for refractory neurogenic bladder. When successful, improvement in capacity and compliance, DO, and/or incontinence was consistent with prior literature. While we could not determine which parameters predicted success, subdividing patients into categories based on baseline urodynamic parameters identified who would benefit from Botox treatment based on differential improvements in capacity and compliance. At least 1 injection of Botox should be considered for a subset of children with refractory NGB, before undertaking more invasive treatments.
Skimmed breast milk for treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in an infant with congenital nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Dahl Amanda R. , Armellino Andrea L. , Tran Cheryl L. , Tebben Peter J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCongenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a complex condition that requires multidisciplinary care. Hyperlipidemia is a characteristic feature with elevation of serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Little evidence is available to guide treatment of dyslipidemia in infants with CNS. We describe successful treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia through dietary changes in a boy with CNS. A 9‐day‐old boy presented to the emergency department with lower extremity edema caused by deep venous thrombosis. Laboratory evaluation identified hypoalbuminemia, nephrotic‐range proteinuria, and a pathogenic variant of the NPHS1 gene. The initial triglyceride concentration of 369 mg/dl increased to 3096 mg/dl by 5 weeks of age, when his diet consisted of breast milk. Refrigerated breast milk was skimmed by removing the top layer after allowing it to separate for 24 h. This process was repeated prior to use. Skimmed breast milk was supplemented with medium‐chain triglyceride oil and an infant protein powder. After 2 days, the triglyceride concentration declined to 481 mg/dl and, by day 10, to 148 mg/dl. When breast milk supply decreased, a 1:1 ratio of skimmed maternal breast milk to an elemental, very low‐fat formula was utilized. The triglyceride concentration remained below 400 mg/dl for the first year of life, except when skimmed breast milk was not available during hospitalization. Severe hypertriglyceridemia caused by CNS can present in the neonatal period and be difficult to manage. In our patient, skimmed maternal breast milk was successful in reducing the triglyceride concentration and should be considered a therapeutic option for children with hyperlipidemia caused by CNS.
Malnutrition diagnoses and associated outcomes in hospitalized patients: United States, 2018
Authors: Guenter Peggi , Abdelhadi Ruba , Anthony Pat , Blackmer Allison , Malone Ainsley , Mirtallo Jay M. , Phillips Wendy , Resnick Helaine E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the US, malnutrition is prevalent among hospitalized patients and is associated with higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs when compared with those without malnutrition. Over time, national data have indicated the rate of coded malnutrition diagnoses among hospital discharges rising over time, and more current data on demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients are needed. Data on malnutrition discharges from the 2018 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)—the most recent nationally representative data—were examined and compared with earlier HCUP findings. Based onInternational Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) codes, 8.9% of all US non‐maternal, non‐neonatal hospital discharges in 2018 had a coded diagnosis of malnutrition (CDM). From this 2018 data, those with a CDM were older, had longer lengths of stay, and incurred higher costs, as compared with those without a CDM. Higher readmission rates and higher inpatient mortality were also observed in this group. These findings provide more recent demographic and clinical evidence for standardized malnutrition diagnostic and interventional programs to treat and/or prevent this condition.
Racialized minorities, trust, and crisis: Muslim‐American nonprofits, their leadership and government relations during COVID‐19
Authors: Noor Zeeshan , Wasif Rafeel , Siddiqui Shariq , Khan Sabith 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic disproportionately affects already‐vulnerable minorities, highlighting the need for strong, trusting relationships between governments and minority nonprofits for everyone's benefit. The current scholarship suggests minority members often lack trust in government. This study contributes to the field by examining trust levels Muslim‐American nonprofits have for federal, state, and local government. Nearly two‐thirds (65%) of Muslim nonprofit leaders believe that they may be discriminated against in the award of CARES Act funding, but on racial rather than religious ones. Moreover, partisanship affects trust levels. Muslim nonprofits in Republican “red” states show less trust in government compared with those in Democratic “blue” states. This study finds evidence that past relationships with the government strengthen trust. Past awards of government grants correlated positively with higher trust at both federal and local levels.
Learning from the land: Developing a course on Indigenous foodways
Authors: Luby Claire , Cornelius Daniel , Goldman Irwin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a new course that we developed at the University of Wisconsin‐Madison: ‘Horticulture 380: Indigenous Foodways’. In consultation with Indigenous partners in the region, we sought to create a course focused on the foodways of Indigenous peoples of the Upper Great Lakes and to center Indigenous knowledge systems as they relate to food and farming—perspectives that have generally been absent from horticultural and agricultural curricula. To offer this course, we partnered with Indigenous people from across the region as well as the University of Wisconsin‐Madison Arboretum, providing students with experiential learning opportunities in Indigenous foodways of the region that included tapping maple trees for syrup, butchering deer, cooking with the three sisters (corn, beans, and squash), and spearfishing. Students learned to connect foodways to place and to land in a fundamentally different way than that of the industrialized food system. Incorporating courses like these into agricultural curricula begins to expand agricultural education and learning opportunities for all students.
A general framework for substructuring‐based domain decomposition methods for models having nonlocal interactions
Authors: Capodaglio Giacomo , D'Elia Marta , Gunzburger Max , Bochev Pavel , Klar Manuel , Vollmann Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA mathematical framework is provided for a substructuring‐based domain decomposition (DD) approach for nonlocal problems that features interactions between points separated by a finite distance. Here, by substructuring it is meant that a traditional geometric configuration for local partial differential equation (PDE) problems is used in which a computational domain is subdivided into non‐overlapping subdomains. In the nonlocal setting, this approach is substructuring‐based in the sense that those subdomains interact with neighboring domains over interface regions having finite volume, in contrast to the local PDE setting in which interfaces are lower dimensional manifolds separating abutting subdomains. Key results include the equivalence between the global, single‐domain nonlocal problem and its multi‐domain reformulation, both at the continuous and discrete levels. These results provide the rigorous foundation necessary for the development of efficient solution strategies for nonlocal DD methods.
Efficient quadrature rules for finite element discretizations of nonlocal equations
Authors: Aulisa Eugenio , Capodaglio Giacomo , Chierici Andrea , D'Elia Marta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we design efficient quadrature rules for finite element (FE) discretizations of nonlocal diffusion problems with compactly supported kernel functions. Two of the main challenges in nonlocal modeling and simulations are the prohibitive computational cost and the nontrivial implementation of discretization schemes, especially in three‐dimensional settings. In this work, we circumvent both challenges by introducing a parametrized mollifying function that improves the regularity of the integrand, utilizing an adaptive integration technique, and exploiting parallelization. We first show that the “mollified” solution converges to the exact one as the mollifying parameter vanishes, then we illustrate the consistency and accuracy of the proposed method on several two‐ and three‐dimensional test cases. Furthermore, we demonstrate the good scaling properties of the parallel implementation of the adaptive algorithm and we compare the proposed method with recently developed techniques for efficient FE assembly.
Novel superconvergence analysis of anisotropic triangular FEM for a multi‐term time‐fractional mixed sub‐diffusion and diffusion‐wave equation with variable coefficients
Authors: Shi Yanhua , Zhao Yanmin , Wang Fenling , Liu Fawang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA fully discrete scheme is proposed for multi‐term time‐fractional mixed sub‐diffusion and diffusion‐wave equation with variable coefficients on anisotropic meshes, where linear triangular finite elelment method (FEM) is used for the spatial discretization and modified L1 approximation coupled with Crank–Nicolson scheme is applied to temporal direction. The mixed equation concerned contains a time–space coupled derivative which is very different from the previous literature. The stability is firstly obtained. Based on the property of the projection operator, the special relation between the projection operator and the interpolation operator of linear triangular finite element, the optimal error estimation and the superclose result are deduced. Then the global superconvergence property is derived by the interpolated postprocessing technique. Some numerical experiments are carried out to confirm the theoretical analysis on anisotropic meshes.
Exome‐based preconception carrier testing for consanguineous couples in China
Authors: He Yi , Xie Run‐Gui , Lou Ji‐Wu , Li Yan‐Wei , Wang Chun‐Li , Zhang Victor Wei , Li Dong‐Zhi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of clinical exome sequencing (ES)‐based carrier screening in Chinese consanguineous couples.MethodsConsanguineous couples were screened for autosomal recessive (AR) disorders using the clinical ES of 5000 genes associated with human diseases.ResultsWe recruited 14 couples who elected to have sequencing. One couple was related as first cousins and 13 as second cousins. Both partners carrying the same pathogenic variant were detected in four couples. One couple was found in which one partner carried a splice variant, and the other had a missence variant of the same gene. These five couples were identified as being at risk of having a child affected by an AR disorder.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that ES‐based preconception screening yields a clinical value for Chinese consanguineous couples. It enables to detect at‐risk couples for rare AR diseases.
Computational insight into networking H‐bonds in open and cyclic forms of glucose
Authors: Kotena Zahrabatoul Mosapour , Fattahi Alireza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have studied the intramolecular H‐bonds existing in cyclic and open forms of glucose using B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level, AIM, and NBO methods. The theoretical results indicated that based on acidity values, (ΔHacid), glucose in the open form is more acidic than cyclic form. The acidity values for open and cyclic glucose (332 and 338 kcal/mol) exhibit significantly lower values (i.e., stronger acid) than the reported acidity values for α‐/ß‐anomers of D‐glucopyranose and simple alcohols. Because their conjugate bases are more stabilized through trifurcated and bifurcated intramolecular H‐bonds. AIM analysis showed normal H‐bonds in the conjugate bases of open glucose (O‐Glc), bifurcated, and normal H‐bonds in the conjugate base of cyclic glucose. In the conjugate base of glucose, the O–H···O bonds are categorized as mostly electrostatic and strong, whereas multiple interactions including C–H···O, C–H···H–C (dihydrogen bonding), C–H···C–H, and C=O···H are categorized as weak H‐bonds. The NBO results confirm that the O–H···O intramolecular H‐bonds should be the strongest among all H‐bonds existing within glucose.
Ultrafast organocatalytic ring‐opening polymerization of N‐sulfonyl aziridine in the melt
Authors: Chen Rui , Wang Ying , Zhu Linlin , Zhang Zhen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn ultrafast approach for controlled synthesis of well‐defined polysulfonamides is established through organocatalytic anionic ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of N‐sulfonyl aziridine in the melt. Several different organobases are investigated, and it is found that N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) catalyzed ROP of 2‐methyl‐N‐tosylaziridine (TsMAz) gives the desired polymer, while 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]‐undec‐7‐ene (DBU) initiate the polymerization along with initiator to produce uncontrolled polymers. Using PMDETA as the catalyst, poly(2‐methyl‐N‐tosylaziridine) with molecular weight over 100 kg/mol can be synthesized in less than 90 s. Various initiators, including carboxylic acid, N‐sulfonyl amide, unactivated amine, phenol, and thiol, are applicable for this protocol to give the molecular weight and end‐group controlled polymers under the open‐flask condition. Combining this ultrafast ROP with ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), a brush copolymer is facile synthesized. This approach allows the ultrafast metal‐free synthesis of polysulfonamide and expands the scope of initiators for the ROP of N‐sulfonyl aziridines.
Low‐temperature plasma‐jet‐activated medium inhibited tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma in a 3D in vitro culture model
Authors: Li Ying , Lv Yang , Tang Mengxiong , Choi Eun H. , Wang Junjie , Lv Guoqing , Zhu Yu , Wang Shubin , Liu Yajie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany studies have shown, using two‐dimensional culture, that low‐temperature plasma‐jet‐activated medium (PAM) inhibits the growth of various tumor cells, whereas its effects and mechanisms in the three‐dimensional (3D) culture system remain unclear. In this study, a 3D cell culture model was used to study the inhibition of tumorigenesis of PAM in vitro. Our results showed that PAM significantly suppressed tumor spheroid formation and downregulated stemness‐related genes of A549 cells “before,” “during,” and “after” sphere formation. Additionally, we found that the specific signature of reactive oxygen species‐induced autophagy was involved in the antiproliferation effect of PAM on A549 spheroids. Our study complemented and extended the application of PAM for its anticancer effects in lung adenocarcinoma cancer.
Brønsted Acid Promoted N‐Dealkylation of N‐Alkyl(sulfon)amides
Authors: Gu Linghui , Wang Yang , Cheng Zemin , Sun Yanan , Gong Xin , Li Zheyu , Ma Wenbo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA simple and efficient Brønsted‐acid‐promoted N‐dealkylation of N‐alkylamides and N‐alkylsulfonamides has been developed. This strategy features an ample substrate scope with excellent chemical selectivity, affording primary (sulfon)amide derivatives in moderate to good yields without the need for transition‐metal catalysts.
Preparation of a Titania‐Supported Palladium in Water: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Karami Kazem , Habibabadi Razieh Mansouri , Bayat Parvaneh , Ramezanpour Azar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is considerable emphasis in the literature that titania is readily available, inexpensive, non‐flammable, and non‐toxic as a promising agent for the preparation of green catalysts. In this study, a palladium complex was supported on titania by a simple deceptive method using water as the medium. The resulting nanomaterial, would seem justifiable to assert that this catalyst showed excellent activity and stability in the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction with different aryl halides. it was found out that for aryl halides with various electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups, the coupling reaction of substrate with arylboronic acid proceeded smoothly at low catalyst loading (0.1 mol% Pd). As a result, short reaction times associated with good to excellent yields also indicate the effectiveness of this catalyst in these reactions. Furthermore, the recyclability experiment showed that the catalyst could be recycled up to six times without decreasing the catalytic activity. The hot filtration test confirmed the heterogeneous characteristics of the catalytically active species.
Synthesis of Imide and Amine Derivatives via Deoxyamination of Alcohols Using N‐Haloimides and Triphenylphosphine
Authors: Irving Charles D. , Floreancig Jack T. , Gasonoo Makafui , Kelley Alexandra S. , Laulhé Sébastien 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA deoxyamination methodology of activated and unactivated alcohols is presented. The reaction is mediated by phosphonium intermediates generated in situ from N‐haloimides and triphenylphosphine. The protocol allows for the synthesis of phthalimide and amine derivatives in moderate to good yields at room temperature. A series of NMR experiments have provided insight into the reactive intermediates involved and the mechanism of this deoxyamination reaction.
BiOBr/Bi5O7I/TiO2/Ti Photoanode Assembled Visible Light Responsive Photocatalytic Fuel Cell for Efficient Rhodamine B Degradation and Stable Electricity Generation
Authors: Zeng Yundong , Xu Yunlan , Zhong Dengjie , Yao Haoyang , Zhong Nianbing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe design of high efficiency photoanode is still the critical of photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC). In this study, BiOBr/Bi5O7I/TiO2/Ti photoanode was prepared for the first time whose photocurrent density was 2.33 mA cm−2 at 1.2 V (vs. SCE) under visible light irradiation, which was 2.31 times that of BiOBr/TiO2/Ti. The rhodamine B degradation rate, maximum power density, short‐circuit current density and open circuit voltage of PFC with BiOBr/Bi5O7I/TiO2/Ti photoanode were (94.75
2.01)%, (23.49
1.12) μW cm−2, (0.36
0.01) mA cm−2 and 0.54 V, respectively. The excellent performance was attributed to the herterojunction of the photoanode, which expanded the photoresponse wavelength of photoanode, was beneficial to charge transfer, and enhanced the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes.
Improvement of Mg‐Based Hydrogen Storage Materials by Metal Catalysts: Review and Summary
Authors: Yang Xinglin , Zhang Jiaqi , Hou Quanhui , Guo Xintao , Xu Guanzhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMagnesium hydride (MgH2) has become a very promising hydrogen storage material because of its high hydrogen storage capacity, good reversibility and low cost. However, high thermodynamic stability and slow kinetic performance of MgH2 limit its practical application. In the past few decades, many alternative methods have been designed to solve this problem. A large number of studies have demonstrated that the use of metal catalyst doping modification, MgH2 nanocrystallization and other methods can greatly improve the hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation performance of MgH2. Therefore, this paper reviews and summarizes the modification effect of transition metal catalyst doping on the hydrogen storage performance of MgH2, especially the catalysis on the de/rehydrogenation performance of MgH2. In addition, promoting effects of carbon materials, transition metal alloys and compounds on the hydrogen storage performance of MgH2 were also summarized. Finally, the existing problems and challenges of MgH2 as hydrogen storage materials are discussed, and some possible strategies are proposed.