bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Migrant Populations: Should we Look Even Further Back?
Authors: Fiorino Gionata , Estevinho Maria M. , Lopes Diogo J.M. , Chersi Filippo , Allocca Mariangela , Souto Miguel T. , Danese Silvio , Magro Fernando 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to rise
worldwide. Despite the advances in pharmacotherapy, the etiopathogenesis of Crohn’s disease
(CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) remains underexplained. The migratory waves are a challenging
setting to analyze the evolution of IBD prevalence and to infer its triggering factors.

Objective:
Our study aimed to overview the literature regarding IBD prevalence and phenotype in
first- and second-generation migrants Also, we aimed to summarize the migration history and to
draw a possible correlation with IBD distribution.

Methods:
A non-systematic review was performed following electronic (PubMed and Web of Science)
and manual searches on relevant topics.

Results:
Overall, first-generation migrants tend to maintain the IBD risk of the native country. On
the following generation, the risk tends to converge to that of the destination country. Earlier age at
migration modulates IBD risk, suggesting that the degree of exposure to environmental and socio-economic
factors can be decisive for disease progression. In general, CD needs more time to reach a
disease burden similar to that of the host country, indicating that UC may be more affected by nongenetic
factors and genetic-nongenetic interactions.

Conclusion:
IBD phenotypes and natural history vary in migrants and according to ethnicity; however,
the trends are not consensual among cohorts. Further studies are warranted to analyze the effect
of genetic background and environmental risk factors in different ethnic groups, providing evidence
to move towards the identification of at-risk individuals, prevention, and earlier diagnosis of
IBD.
Quality Control of Nanoemulsion: by PDCA Cycle and 7QC Tools
Authors: Rai Vineet Kumar , Sharma Amit , Thakur Amisha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Despite several quality management tools, none or very few systematic operations are
taken into account to assure the quality of the pharmaceutical products. Plan Do Check Act (PDCA)
analysis is performed based on the problems encountered during product development. In
each step, some of the quality control tools are used for better maintenance of corrective and preventive
actions. However, systematic use of these tools has still not been made. Here we present an
example of nanoemulsion that will help justify the correct or systematic use of all the seven quality
control tools in each section of the PDCA cycle for better execution of Corrective and Preventive
Actions (CAPA). The major limitations associated with the nanoemulsion i.e. non-uniform size distribution,
lower encapsulation efficiency, lower magnitude of zeta potential, non-scalable and expensive
synthesis procedures, are taken into consideration. This review summarizes the productive
use of 7 QC tools in the PDCA cycle to ensure the optimum quality of nanoemulsion in an industry.
Synthesis, In-Silico Potential Enzymatic Target Predictions, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity, Anti-Microbial and Anti-Inflammatory Studies of Bis-(2-methylindolyl) Methane Derivatives
Authors: Nagre Dnyaneshwar T. , Mali Suraj N. , Thorat Bapu R. , Thorat Swapnali A. , Chopade Atul R. , Farooqui Mazhar , Agrawal Brijmohan 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) scaffold is reported for wide varieties of pharmacological
profiles, including antibacterial, anti-proliferative, anticancer, cytotoxic, insecticidal, analgesic,
antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agents.

Materials and Methods:
A series of bis(indolyl)methanes have been synthesized by a greener and newer
approach using the reaction of different substituted aldehydes and indole in the presence of an easily
available and biodegradable base such as piperidine in acetic acid at room temperature and characterized
with ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis or UV/Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), etc. The antibacterial and antifungal activities
were also carried out against Staphylococcus aureus (RCMB 000106) and Bacillis subtilis (RCMB
000107), as two Gram-positive bacterial strains, and Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli (RCMB
000103), as two Gram-negative bacterial strains. Fungal species such as Candida Albicans, Penicillium
chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger were also used for in vitro antifungal evaluation. All our newly synthesized
14 compounds (4a-4n) were subjected for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and compared with the
known standard drug aceclofenac.

Results:
Our newly synthesized compounds showed good to moderate antibacterial agents, in silico ADMET,
and anti-inflammatory profiles.

Conclusion:
We hope that our current study would aid future developments of bis(indolyl)methanes as
antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents.
Co-morbidity of Covid-19 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a Patient
with Hodgkin's Lymphoma History from North of Iran
Authors: Darvishnia David , Sadeghi Mahdieh , Sharifpour Ali , Zakariaei Zakaria , Banimostafavi Elham Sadat , Fakhar Mahdi , Tabaripour Rabeeh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Immunocompromised patients, especially those hospitalized, are at higher risk for infection with opportunistic pathogens such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) which is a multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacillus and can cause a challenge in the management of patients with concomitant COVID-19 and S. maltophilia pneumonia. A 71-year-old man with Hodgkin's lymphoma presented with severe respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 and was intubated upon admission and the initial standard treatment for COVID-19 was started for him. The patient subsequently developed superimposed bacterial pneumonia with S. maltophilia. According to that, the patient's intubation tube was removed and a tracheostomy was performed for him. Also, antibiotic treatment was replaced with Colistin and Co-trimoxazole drugs. Finally, after 31 days of hospitalization in the ICU and the aappropriate drug treatment, he was discharged with reduced symptoms and partial recovery. It should be noted that the occurrence of co-infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens such as S. maltophilia requires proper management to select appropriate treatment methods and drugs so that in addition to proper effectiveness, it does not lead to side effects and complications associated with COVID-19 disease.
Immunopathology of Type 1 Diabetes and Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cells: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Tootee Ali , Nikbin Behrouz , Ghahary Aziz , Esfahani Ensieh Nasli , Arjmand Babak , Aghayan Hamidreza , Qorbani Mostafa , Larijani Bagher 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder which occurs as a result of an intricate series of pathologic interactions between pancreatic β-cells and a wide range of components of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Stem-cell therapy, a recently-emerged potentially therapeutic option for curative treatment of diabetes, is demonstrated to cause significant alternations to both different immune cells such as macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells and non-cellular elements including serum cytokines and different components of the complement system. Although there exists overwhelming evidence indicating that the documented therapeutic effects of stem cells on patients with T1D is primarily due to their potential for immune regulation rather than pancreatic tissue regeneration, to date, the precise underlying mechanisms remain obscure. On the other hand, immune-mediated rejection of stem cells remains one of the main obstacles to regenerative medicine. Moreover, the consequences of efferocytosis of stem-cells by the recipients’ lung-resident macrophages have recently emerged as a responsible mechanism for some immune-mediated therapeutic effects of stem-cells. This review focuses on the nature of the interactions amongst different compartments of the immune systems which are involved in the pathogenesis of T1D and provides explanation as to how stem cell-based interventions can influence immune system and maintain the physiologic equilibrium.
TRIM65 in White Matter Lesions, Innate Immunity, and Tumor
Authors: Liu Bingxue , Tang Yunlian , Yang Ping , Wu Chu , Huang Yue 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Most of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins have E3 ubiquitin ligase activities and also have a variety of functions in cellular processes such as intracellular signal transduction, apoptosis, innate immunity and carcinogenesis. TRIM65 is a member of the TRIM family. More and more evidences have shown a unique and importance of TRIM65 protein in the occurrence and development of some diseases. In this review, the importance on TRIM65 in white matter lesions, innate immunity and the effect of tumors was mainly reviewed.
Di'ao Xinxuekang: Therapeutic Potential in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Zhang Shengyu , Li Lingli , Deng Mingying , Wang Yanan , Shen AiZong , Zhang Lei 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries. Di'ao Xinxuekang (DAXXK) is a pure Chinese medicine herbal preparation refined from dioscin extracted from the roots of Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burk and Diosorea nipponica Makino.

Objective:
To evaluate the application of DAXXK in Cardiovascular disease.

Methods:
: We searched and summarized all the studies on DAXXK and Cardiovascular disease in pumend, Google, and CNKI.

Results:
Modern pharmacological studies have shown that DAXXK has pharmacological effects such as dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure and cardiac load, improving hemodynamics, lowering blood lipids and anti-platelet aggregation, and is widely used for the therapy of various kinds of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease (CHD), angina pectoris (AP) and myocardial infarction. We provide an overview of the clinical efficacy, molecular mechanisms, safety and therapeutic potential of DAXXK in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, aiming to provide clues and evidence for clinical decision-making.

Conclusion:
DAXXK exerts cardiovascular protection by regulating a variety of cardiovascular disease-related signaling pathways.
Mechanical Performance of the Phosphogypsum Baking-free Bricks
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Mao Yajing , Pei Lizhai , Fan Chuangang 
Published: February 2021

Background:
A large amount of phosphogypsum occupies the land and causes environmental
pollution. It is of great research significance and urgency to the utilization of the phosphogypsum.

Methods:
The influence of the ratio of the cementing materials and phosphogypsum (C/P ratio)
on the compressive strength, water absorption, softening coefficient and freeze-thaw stability of
the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks was investigated. The consolidation process of the phosphogypsum
baking-free bricks was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron
microscopy (SEM).

Results:
XRD patterns show that the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks curved for 28 d are
mainly composed of monoclinic CaSO4·2H2Oand hexagonal Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O (Aft)
phases. SEM observation shows that the phosphogypsum bricks consist of Aft nanorods and irregular
microscale particles. The softening coefficient, water-resistant performance and freezethaw
stability of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks remarkably decrease with decreasing the
C/P ratio. 28 d compressive strength decreases from 26.42 MPa to 15.58 MPa with the change of
the C/P ratio from 1:1 to 1:2.5. The optimal ratio of the cementing materials and phosphogymsum
is 1:1. The phosphogypsum baking-free bricks exhibit good stability after 18 freeze-thaw cycles.

Conclusion:
Phosphogypsum baking-free bricks were prepared by natural curing process using
phosphogypsum as the raw materials, cement, slag, fly ash and silica fume as the cementing materials.
The phosphogypsum baking-free bricks exhibit great application in the field of building materials.
Trends and Characteristics of the US Adult Population’s Behavioral Patterns in Web-Based Prescription Filling: National Survey Study
Authors: Yang Lin-Ya , Lyons Jennifer G , Erickson Steven R , Wu Chung-Hsuen 
Published: February 2021

Background
Filling a prescription on the web has become an alternative to in-person pharmacies for individuals to access their medications. However, the adoption of web-based filling has been gradual, and the use patterns remain to be unclear.

Objective
This study aims to estimate the trend and prevalence of web-based prescription-filling behavior and identify associated factors among adults in the United States.

Methods
We used data from the US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2009 to 2018. Adult respondents (aged ≥18 years and over) self-reported their behavior of web-based prescription filling, which was defined as having filled a prescription using the internet in the past 12 months during the survey year. We reported trends using weighted percentages adjusted by the NHIS complex sampling design. We used descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models to examine trends and identify factors associated with web-based prescription-filling behavior.

Results
The estimated number of adults reporting web-based prescription-filling behavior significantly increased from 13,319,877 (13,319,877/225,217,942, 5.91%) in 2009 to 28,308,262 (28,308,262/246,611,125, 11.48%) in 2018 (P<.001). Those who were more likely to report filling a prescription on the web were aged between 35 and 74 years, female, White, and frequent users of the computer or internet; these adults also reported higher education, higher income, insurance coverage, and poorer health status.

Conclusions
Web-based prescription-filling behavior among US adults has increased significantly from 2009 to 2018. Health care providers should be aware of the upward trend in the use of web-based pharmacies and ensure the clinical safety of web-based prescriptions.
Public Opinions and Concerns Regarding the Canadian Prime Minister’s Daily COVID-19 Briefing: Longitudinal Study of YouTube Comments Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Zheng Chengda , Xue Jia , Sun Yumin , Zhu Tingshao 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau provided updates on the novel coronavirus and the government’s responses to the pandemic in his daily briefings from March 13 to May 22, 2020, delivered on the official Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) YouTube channel.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine comments on Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau’s COVID-19 daily briefings by YouTube users and track these comments to extract the changing dynamics of the opinions and concerns of the public over time.MethodsWe used machine learning techniques to longitudinally analyze a total of 46,732 English YouTube comments that were retrieved from 57 videos of Prime Minister Trudeau’s COVID-19 daily briefings from March 13 to May 22, 2020. A natural language processing model, latent Dirichlet allocation, was used to choose salient topics among the sampled comments for each of the 57 videos. Thematic analysis was used to classify and summarize these salient topics into different prominent themes.ResultsWe found 11 prominent themes, including strict border measures, public responses to Prime Minister Trudeau’s policies, essential work and frontline workers, individuals’ financial challenges, rental and mortgage subsidies, quarantine, government financial aid for enterprises and individuals, personal protective equipment, Canada and China’s relationship, vaccines, and reopening.ConclusionsThis study is the first to longitudinally investigate public discourse and concerns related to Prime Minister Trudeau’s daily COVID-19 briefings in Canada. This study contributes to establishing a real-time feedback loop between the public and public health officials on social media. Hearing and reacting to real concerns from the public can enhance trust between the government and the public to prepare for future health emergencies.
Mutation of Gyra Gene Found In Mycobacterium Leprae From Leprosy Patient In West Papua and Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Maladan Yustinus , Krismawati Hana , Agus Rosana , Hutapea Hotma M.L. , Tanjung Ratna , Cahyani Vatim Dwi , Rokhmad Muhammad Fajri , Parikesit Arli Aditya 
Published: February 2021

Cases of leprosy in Indonesia are still high, especially in the provinces of West Papua, North Maluku and Papua. Drug resistance surveillance and typing strains of Mycobacterium leprae are useful molecular tools for leprosy control especially in the three Provinces. The purpose of this study was to identify mutations in the gyrA M. leprae gene obtained from leprosy patients in the provinces of West Papua and Papua on a molecular basis. M. leprae samples obtained from leprosy patients were extracted and continued with PCR and sequencing in the M. leprae gyrA gene. The sequencing results are aligned with M. leprae TN sequences to identify mutations. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega 7 to get the M. leprae gyrA cluster. The RNAalifold server was employed to generate the conserved 2D structure for the gyrA MSAs. Six variants were found in the gyrA M. leprae obtained from the provinces of West Papua and Papua. The six variants are H71R, K73R, D95G, A101T, R107W, A127V. The existence of mutations in the gyrA M. leprae gene found in this study can be information in the treatment of leprosy in Papua if using Ofloxacin as an alternative treatment. Based on phylogenetic analysis found there are three distinct clusters of gyrA gene. The five variants are H71R, K73R, A101T, R107W, A127V are new variant of gyrA M. leprae. The D95G variant has been confirmed to cause resistance to Fluoroquinolone by in vitro methods, while the H71R, K73R, A101T, R107W, A127V variants are new variants whose effects on the fluoroquinolone are unknown. Thus, further analysis is needed to study the effects of the five variants on ofloxacin.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ESCITALOPRAM OXALATE AND FLUPENTIXOL DIHYDROCHLORIDE IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORM AND PLASMA
Authors: SELLAPPAN MALATHI , DEVAKUMAR DARTHI 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop a simple and rapid chromatographic method for quantification of escitalopram oxalate and flupentixol dihydrochloride in combined dosage form and plasma.
Methods: The separation was achieved with a sun fire C8 [150×4.6 mm] 3.5 µm column with an isocratic mobile phase containing a mixture of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer: methanol: acetonitrile [30:60:10 v/v/v] pH adjusted to 11. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.5 ml/min with a Photodiode array [PDA] detection at 230 nm.
Results: The HPLC method was developed and validated with respective linearity, accuracy, and precision, detection of limit, robustness, and specificity. The precision of the results stated as the relative standard deviation was below 2 %. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range from 10-50 µg/ml for escitalopram oxalate and 1-5 µg/ml for flupentixol dihydrochloride with a correlation co-efficient 0.994 and 0.977 respectively. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated at levels in the range of 100 % and 120 % of the specification limit. The recovery of escitalopram oxalate and flupentixol dihydrochloride was found to be in the range of 90 % to 88 %, respectively. The lowest detection limits were found to be 2 µg/ml for escitalopram oxalate and 0.1 µg/ml for flupentixol dihydrochloride. The lowest quantification limits were found to be 5 µg/ml of escitalopram oxalate and 0.5 µg/ml of flupentixol dihydrochloride.
Conclusion: The developed method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, the limit of detection and quantification, specificity. The method was applied successfully for the determination of escitalopram oxalate and flupentixol dihydrochloride in the combined dosage form and plasma.
USE OF CARTRIDGE BASED NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION TEST FOR RAPID DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN PULMONARY AND EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: KARIGOUDAR RASHMI M. , KARIGOUDAR MAHESH H. , WAVARE SANJAY M. , KAKHANDKI LAKSHMI , BAGALI SMITHA 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Tuberculosis is an airborne infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Timely diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent the spread of infection. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) provides a valuable tool in the early detection of TB. This study is undertaken to evaluate the utility of CBNAAT for the detection of MTB. Comparison of cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification testing with ZN staining.
Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, BLDEDU’s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and RC and Dr. Karigoudar Diagnostic Laboratory, Vijayapur. A total of 129 samples from patients with the presumptive diagnosis of TB based on history, clinical presentation, and radiological findings were included in the study. All samples were subjected to ZN staining, and Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test and data were analyzed.
Results: The present study showed ZN smear positivity of 7.75% and CBNAAT positivity of 19.38%. CBNAAT sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 86.55, respectively, compared with ZN staining with a significant P value of <0.001.
Conclusion: CBNAAT helps diagnose TB and detect rifampicin resistance within 2-3 h with high sensitivity and specificity. Rifampicin resistance detection is of great concern, which otherwise leads to treatment failure and on time spread of multidrug resistance TB, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.
Efecto de la desigualdad y la actividad económica en el COVID-19 en Ecuador: un bosquejo de sus posibles determinantes económicos, sociales y demográficos
Authors: Ponce Pablo , Loaiza Verónica , Del Río Rama María de la Cruz , Bollain Parra Leticia 
Published: February 2021

<p>El COVID-19, es un problema sanitario que vivimos en la actualidad el cual provocó que la actividad económica a nivel mundial decrezca como consecuencia del confinamiento decretado en los países. El COVID-19 se ve influenciada por factores económicos que inciden en la propagación de los contagios y varían en función de las características estructurales de los países. En este sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es examinar el efecto de la desigualdad de ingreso y la actividad económica en los contagios del COVID-19 en el Ecuador. Luego se utilizan variables económicas, sociales y demográficas para determinar otros factores asociados al aumento de los contagios. Para cumplir con el objetivo la metodología utilizada se basa en el uso de técnicas econométricas (modelo de regresión lineal con el estimador Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios) con datos de corte transversal recopilados de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (2019) y del Ministerio de Salud Pública (2020). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el aumento de la desigualdad provoca aumentos del contagio del COVID-19, de igual manera los sectores de la actividad económica provocan un efecto heterogéneo en el COVID-19. Las medias de política deben estar orientadas a garantizar el acceso a bienes y servicios de los grupos con mayor desigualdad para disminuir los contagios del COVID-19.</p>