bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA interference-mediated tolerance to whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) in genetically engineered tomato
Authors: Pizetta Carolina Senhorinho Ramalho , Ribeiro William Rafael , Ferreira Amanda Lopes , Moura Matheus da Costa , Bonfim Kenny , Pinheiro Patrícia Valle , Cabral Glaucia Barbosa , Aragão Francisco Lima 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a polyphagous insect that causes huge damage in several horticultural crops, including tomato, by sucking nutrients from the phloem and transmitting viruses. Whiteflies are particularly difficult to manage and the use of chemicals remains the common practice, which causes the development of insecticidal resistance. Thus, there is considerable interest in the introduction of whitefly resistance by classical and molecular breeding. Here, we explored the concept of using an RNA interference construct to silence a v-ATPase gene in whiteflies interacting with transgenic tomato plants that express siRNA molecules corresponding to a fragment from the B. tabaci vATPase. PCR analyses revealed the presence of both ΔATPase and nptII transgenes in all transgenic lines. siRNA expressing lines were challenged against whitefly and revealed a mortality rate of 57.1% in transgenic line 4.4.1, while in the control the mortality was 7.6%. Mortality of 2nd instar nymphs was higher on the transgenic plants and the development of 3rd instar nymphs was slightly longer than on the control plants. Although the attraction of insects was not significantly different between treatments, the number of eggs laid by the insects on the transgenic plants was significantly lower, compared to the controls. RT-qPCR revealed a decreased expression level of endogenous v-ATPase gene in whiteflies feeding on transgenic plants. No unexpected effect was observed on the non-target insects Myzus persicae or Tuta absoluta. Results presented here may form the foundation for the generation of elite tomato varieties resistant to whitefly, a devastating insect pest.
Computer-Aided Decision-Making System for Endometrial Atypical Hyperplasia based on Multimodal &amp; Multi-Instance Deep Convolution Networks
Authors: Liao Xin , Li Qingli , Zheng Xin , He Jin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The pathological diagnosis is the gold standard for neoplasms and their precursors, which is highly relevant to the treatment planning and the prognostic analysis. Currently, deep learning networks have been used for the pathological computer-assisted diagnosis and treatment decision-makings. However, due to extremely large size of the whole slide images (WSIs) of pathological slides, the prevailing deep learning models are un-applicable directly in the WSIs analysis. Moreover, the precise exclusion of the blank regions and interfere regions, as well as the manual annotation of various lesioned and normal regions in super large WSIs are infeasible and unavailable in clinical practice. To address aforementioned problems, we develop an computer-aided decision-making system based on multimodal and multi-instance deep convolution networks (CNN) to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial atypical hyperplasia (AH)/ endometrial intraepithelial hyperplasia (EIH). Firstly, we set up the frame-work of computer-aided decision-making system based on the WSIs image patterns of AH/EIH, and then transfer the large-scale WSI analysis to the small-scale analysis of multiple suspected lesion regions which can be accomplished the major computer vision models, and eventually the results of prognostic analysis for multiple small-scale suspected lesion regions are summarized to obtain the prognostic results of WSIs by the decision supporting algorithm based on the cognition intelligence. We validate the method via experimental analysis of 102 endometrial atypical hyperplasia patients at the West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University. The performance achieved for endometrial AH/EIH prognostic analysis includes accuracy (85.3%), precision (84.6%), recall (86.3%). Meanwhile, the method has superior performance to prognostic judgment of a single pathologist as well as approximates to analysis results determined by three pathologists according to the majority voting method.
A Non-Global Disturbance Targeted Adversarial Example Algorithm Combined with C&amp;W and Grad-Cam
Authors: Zhu Yinghui , Jiang Yuzhen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Adversarial examples are artificially crafted to mislead deep learning systems into making wrong decisions. In the research of attack algorithms against multi-class image classifiers, an improved strategy of applying category explanation to the generation control of targeted adversarial example is proposed to reduce the perturbation noise and improve the adversarial robustness. On the basis of C&W adversarial attack algorithm, the method uses Grad-Cam, a category visualization explanation algorithm of CNN, to dynamically obtain the salient regions according to the signal features of source and target categories during the iterative generation process. The adversarial example of non-global perturbation is finally achieved by gradually shielding the non salient regions and fine-tuning the perturbation signals. Compared with other similar algorithms under the same conditions, the method enhances the effects of the original image category signal on the perturbation position. Experimental results show that, the improved adversarial examples have higher PSNR. In addition, in a variety of different defense processing tests, the examples can keep high adversarial performance and show strong attacking robustness.
Stress Recovery Algorithm for Reduced Order Models of Mechanical Systems in Nonlinear Dynamic Operative Conditions
Authors: BATTIATO GIUSEPPE , FIRRONE CHRISTIAN MARIA 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nonlinear forced response analyses of mechanical systems in the presence of contact interfaces are usually performed in built-in numerical codes on reduced order models (ROM). Most of the cases these derive from complex finite element (FE) models, because of the high accuracy the designers require in meshing the components in commercial FE software. In the technical literature several numerical methods are proposed for the identification of the nonlinear forced response in terms of kinematic quantity (i.e. displacement, velocity and acceleration) at the location where the master degrees-of-freedom are retained in the ROM. In fact, the displacement is the quantity usually adopted to monitor the nonlinear response, and to evaluate the effectiveness of a partially loose friction interface in damping vibrations with respect to a linear case where no friction interfaces exist and no energy dissipation can take place. However, when a ROM is used the engineering quantities directly involved in the mechanical design, i.e. the strains and stresses, cannot be retrieved without a further data processing. Moreover, in the case of a strong nonlinear behavior of the mechanical joints, the distributions of the nonlinear strains and stresses is likely different than the modal ones, meaning that the latter cannot be used to predict the safety margins of the structure working in real (nonlinear) operative conditions. This paper addresses this topic and presents a novel stress recovery algorithm for the identification of the strains and stresses resulting from a nonlinear forced response analysis on a ROM. The algorithm is applied to a bladed disk with friction contacts at the shroud joint, which make the behavior of the blades nonlinear and non-predictable by means of standard linear analyses in commercial FE software.
Melatonin pretreatment can improve the therapeutic effect of Adipose-derived Stem Cells on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Ziqiang , Sun Yingying , Wang Haojie , Yang Yuxiang , Dong Ruiqi , Xu Yaolu , Zhang Mengyu , Lv Qiongxia , Chen Xiaoguang , liu yumei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and PurposeIn this study, the therapeutic effect of Mel-incubated ADSCs on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis was investigated. MethodsThe experiment was arranged into ADSCS group, ADSCS + Mel group, Model group and Control group with 10 mice in each group. The other three groups of mice were intraperitoneally injected with 8% CCl4, and the control group was injected with the same dose of PBS twice a week for 4 weeks. From the fifth week, ADSCs group and ADSCs + Mel group mice were injected with 1×106 cells/1 ml PBS dose of ADSCs and 50 μM Mel pretreated ADSCs into tail vein, respectively, twice a week for 2 weeks, and mice in the control and model groups were injected with the same dose of PBS. Samples were tested after six weeks. ResultsIn model group, severe histomathological changes were observed in liver, including severe vacuolation, nuclear fragmentation and liver fibrosis, and these changes were ameliorated by Mel pretreated ADSCs. At the same time, RT-qPCR results showed that Mel-induced ADSCs significantly inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (Caspase-8, Bax and Caspase-3), and promoted the expression of anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2). Immunohistochemical results showed that a large number of MMP-9, TGF-β, MMP-2 yellow-stained positive cells were found in the liver tissues of the model group, while the expression of positive cells was blocked by Mel-induced ADSCs. Conclusion and ImplicationsADSCs pretreated with Mel significantly improved CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, which provides a reference for clinical treatment of liver injury with mesenchymal stem cells.
High divergence of human astrovirus genotypes circulating in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2017 to 2020
Authors: Wei Hongyu , Khamrin Pattara , Kumthip Kattareeya , Yodmeeklin Arpaporn , Maneekarn Niwat 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
ABSTRCT
Human astrovirus (HAstV) is one of the common causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. The investigation of the molecular epidemiology of HAstV is essential for monitoring the emergence and/or re-emergence of new HAstV genotypes, as well as understanding the evolution of HAstV genotypes circulating in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HAstV genotypes circulating in children < 5 years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017 to 2020. A total of 1,500 fecal specimens collected from children diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis during 2017 to 2020 were screened for HAstV by RT-PCR and identified by nucleotide sequencing. The obtained sequences were compared with the reference sequences retrieved from GenBank database and analysed by MEGA X software to assign their genotypes. Of 1,500 fecal samples, 39 (2.6%) were positive for HAstV. Of these, both classic and novel HAstV genotypes, including classic HAstV1-HAstV5, novel HAstV-MLB1, MLB2, and novel HAstV-VA2, were detected in this study. The data in this study revealed a wide variety of HAstV genotypes circulating in pediatric patients admitted to the hospitals with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017 to 2020.
Development of a prognostic model for 1-year survival after fragile hip fracture in Chinese
Authors: FU Hairui , Liang Bin , Qin Wei , Qiao Xiaoxiong , Liu Qiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNo prognostic model for the survival of fragile hip fracture has been developed for Asians. The goal of this study was to develop a simple and practical prognostic model to predict survival within 1 year after fragile hip fracture in Asians.MethodsA single-center retrospective cohort study was designed. Under a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, we used the preoperative characteristics of patients to predict survival within 1 year after hip fracture. We built a full model and then used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method to further shrink the model coefficients and achieved variable screening. Finally, we obtained a LASSO model. The model performance was evaluated with Nagelkerke’s R2 and the concordance (c) statistic. We assessed the internal validity with a bootstrapping procedure of 1 000 repetitions.ResultsA total of 735 eligible patients were admitted to our department for hip fracture from January 2015 to December 2020, but 11 (1.5%) patients were lost to follow-up. Among the remaining patients, 68 (9.3%) died within 1 year after hip fracture. We identified 12 candidate predictors from the preoperative characteristics of the patients. The last model contained 9 predictors: surgery, age, albumin, sex, serum creatinine, malignancy, hypertension, ability to live independently, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Among them, surgery, age and albumin are effective predictors of survival. The discrimination c statistic of the model is 0.814 (95% confidence interval 0.762–0.865); the corrected value through internal validation is 0.795.ConclusionsThis prognostic model can accurately predict a 1-year survival rate for patients with fragile hip fractures. This information can help clinicians develop a reasonable and personalized treatment plan.
Functional Significance of SIGLECs Family in HCC and its Predictive Role in HCC Patients Undergoing Sorafenib
Authors: Yao Senbang , Chen Wenjun , Chen Tingting , Zuo He , Bi Ziran , Zhang Xiuqing , Pang Lulian , Jing Yanyan , Yin Xiangxiang , Cheng Huaidong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressively malignant type of cancer with a complex pathogenesis. For HCC patients, there is not only a deficiency of valuable therapeutic targets but also a deficiency of prognostic biomarkers. Although some progress has been made in the immunotherapy of HCC, sorafenib remains one of the irreplaceable therapeutic for advanced HCC patients. However, after 10 years of exploration on sorafenib clinical application, there are still no confirmed prognostic factors of therapeutic effect. Methods: The clinical significance and molecular work of the SIGLEC family were assessed by comprehensive bioinformatic analysis.The TCGA, GEO and HCCDB databases were used to explore the expression of SIGLEC family genes in HCC. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was analysed to discover the connection between SIGLEC family genes and prognosis of patients. Besides, possible connections between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of SIGLEC family and tumor-associated immunity were evaluated using TIMER. Results: The outcomes showed that the mRNA levels of most SIGLEC family genes were significantly down-regulated in HCC compared with normal tissues. Low protein and mRNA expression of SIGLECs were found to be considerably correlated with tumor grade and clinical cancer stages in HCC patients. Tumor related SIGLECs family genes were associated with tumor immune infiltrating cell. To our surprise, the high expression of SIGLECs family is significantly related with the better prognosis of HCC patients treated with sorafenib.Conclusions: In conclusion, SIGLEC family genes have considerable prognostic value in HCC and they may play main roles in regulating cancer progress and the immune cell infiltration. More importantly, we revealed that SIGLEC family genes may become a predictive index for the efficacy evaluation of sorafenib someday.
Regulation of Indoleamine-3,5-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in Lung Epithelial Cells by Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV) and Cytokine Signaling
Authors: Chilakamarti Ramana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in the innate immune response to respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses (SARS-CoV). Metabolic profiling in the serum samples of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients revealed altered cholesterol and tryptophan metabolism. Indoleamine-3,5-dioxygenase (IDO1) is the key enzyme involved in the tryptophan catabolism and induced by interferons and inflammatory cytokines. The regulation of IDO1 in immune cells and cancer was extensively studied. In this study, IDO1 regulation in human lung epithelial cells by coronaviruses and respiratory viruses as well as inflammatory cytokines was investigated. SARS-CoV-2 was a potent inducer of IFN–regulated metabolic enzymes such as IDO1, Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H), Spermidine acetyltransferase (SAT1), and Sterile alpha motif and histidine/aspartic acid domain-containing protein (SAMHD1) at RNA levels in Calu-3 cells. Reconstitution of A549 lung epithelial cells with Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was necessary and sufficient to induce IDO1 at RNA levels. Influenza A virus (IAV) suppressed IDO1 RNA levels in a non-structural protein (NS1)-dependent manner in NHBE cells. In contrast, IDO1 RNA levels were dramatically induced in the lungs of mice infected with a reconstructed 1918 H1N1 influenza virus. Treatment of A549 cells with either type I or type II interferon induced IDO1 RNA levels. Furthermore, IDO1 levels were significantly higher in the lung tissues of COVID-19 patients in comparison with healthy controls. A mix of proinflammatory cytokines dramatically induced IDO1 and chemokine RNA levels in lung epithelial cells in a cell culture model, simulating the gene expression pattern in the lung tissue samples of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, hypertonic saline solution (HTS) dramatically abrogated the gene expression induced by cytokine mix in human lung cells. The IDO1 protein interaction network included transcription factors STAT1 and STAT3. These studies suggest that IDO1 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of viral and inflammatory diseases.
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery After Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Ahn Hyunmin , Jun Ikhyun , Seo Kyoung Yul , Kim Eung Kweon , Kim Tae-im 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and advanced cataract techniques such as femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) have been commercially available. Corneal refractive surgery (CRS) is one of the most popular surgeries for the correction of refractive errors. CRS changes the cornea not only anatomically but also pathophysiologically. However, there has been no clinical research analyzing the refractive and safety outcomes of FLACS after CRS. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether FLACS after CRS is more effective and safe than conventional PCS. Participants with a previous CRS history who underwent FLACS or conventional PCS were included in this study. The visual outcomes and the refractive outcomes including refractive, corneal, and ocular residual astigmatism were compared. The safety outcomes were then studied intraoperatively and postoperatively. A total of 102 patients with age-related cataract were enrolled. At 3 months postoperatively, UCVA, BCVA, and predictive error were not significantly different between the FLACS and conventional PCS groups. Reduction of refractive astigmatism was higher in FLACS. Postoperative ORA was significant lower in FLACS. Reduction of ORA was higher in FLACS. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were also not significantly different between the two groups. FLACS was found to be effective in patients with a previous history of CRS in terms of vision and refractive outcomes and was free from adverse effects. The competitive edge of FLACS in postoperative ORA, with the reduction of refractive astigmatism and ORA, may provide better visual quality than conventional PCS.
Vascular involvement in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is associated with spirometry obstructive impairment
Authors: Yanagisawa Asako , Naito Akira , Sanada Takayuki-Jujo , Tanabe Nobuhiro , Ishida Keiichi , Matsumiya Goro , Suda Rika , Kasai Hajime , Sekine Ayumi , Sugiura Toshihiko , Shigeta Ayako , Sakao Seiichiro , Tatsumi Koichiro , Suzuki Takuji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a type of pulmonary hypertension caused by persistent thromboembolism of the pulmonary arteries. In clinical practice, CTEPH patients often show obstructive ventilatory impairment, even in the absence of a smoking history. Recent reports imply a tendency for CTEPH patients to have a lower FEV1.0; however, the mechanism underlying obstructive impairment remains unknown.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed CTEPH patients who underwent a pulmonary function test (PFT) and respiratory impedance test to evaluate their exertional dyspnea during admission for right heart catheterization from January 2000 to December 2019. We excluded patients with a smoking history to rule out the effect of smoking on obstructive impairment.
Results
A total of 135 CTEPH patients were analyzed. The median FEV1.0/FVC was 76.0%, %FEV 1.0 had a negative correlation with the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and the CT Angiogram (CTA) obstruction score. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that the CTA obstruction score was an independent factor of a lower %FEV1.0. In the 54 patients who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy, %FEV1.0 was improved in some cases and was not in some. Mean PAP largely decreased after PEA in the better %FEV1.0 improved cases, suggesting that vascular involvement in CTEPH could be associated with spirometry obstructive impairment.
Conclusion
%FEV1.0 had a significant correlation with the CTA obstruction score. Obstructive impairment might have an etiological relationship with vascular involvement. Further investigations could shed new light on the etiology of CTEPH.
Development of water reuse: a global review with the focus on India
Authors: Goyal Kirti , Kumar Arun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The availability of freshwater is evolving as a serious threat to the living community throughout the world due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and rising population. The depletion of groundwater due to excessive water withdrawal and reduced recharge and pollution of the water sources also contributes to this water crisis. The rising pressure on water supplies encourages the use of treated wastewater as an alternative resource. In this study, a global outlook of the developments in water reuse is presented with a focus on the Indian scenario. It can be observed that though there is a scope for water reuse in India owing to the generation of a high volume of wastewater, it is often squandered due to limited research and guidance, and unreliable institutional framework. It is suggested that the reuse of wastewater requires the development of an integrated approach considering all the factors related to technical feasibility, financial viability, and social acceptance together with a guiding management structure that may augment the existing water supplies.
Intraocular Exosomes in Eye Diseases
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Xiaomin , Li Xiaorong 
Published: September 2021

:
Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles with a size of 30–150nm, contain
many biological materials, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA),
proteins, and transcription factors. It has been identified in all biological fluids and
recognized as an important part of intercellular communication. While the role of
exosomes in cancer has been studied in-depth, our understanding of their relevance for
ocular tissues has just begun to evolve. Intraocular fluids, including aqueous humor and
vitreous humor, play a role in nourishing eye tissues and in expelling metabolites. In the
pathological state, intraocular exosomes can mediate pathological processes such as
ECM remodeling, retinal inflammation, and blood-retinal barrier dysfunction. Herein, we
reviewed the latest advances of intraocular exosomes in the research of several eye
diseases, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, myopia, and ocular
tumors, and discuss how intraocular exosomes contribute to the pathogenesis and
progression of multiple eye diseases.