bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polypyrrole/Graphene Composite Interlayer: High Redox Kinetics of Polysulfides and Electrochemical Performance of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Enabled by Unique Pyrrolic Nitrogen Sites
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Gao Hongcheng , Ning Shunlian , Lin Jiaju , Wen Jingbo , Kang Xiongwu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is still a grand challenge to achieve high performance lithium–sulfur (Li−S) batteries of high capacity, high‐rate performance and long cycling performance, especially at lean electrolyte condition. Herein, a multi‐functional composite interlayer is developed by in‐situ polymerizing pyrrole (PPy) on graphene nanosheet (PPy/G) and examined by Fourier Transformed infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The graphene layers in PPy/G assure the high conductivity of the composite interlayer, while the high content of pyrrolic nitrogen sites of PPy in PPy/G composite interlayer can effectively trap the polysulfides (PSs) and promote the redox kinetics of PSs, which is valuable to suppress PSs dissolution and enhance utilization of sulfur content in Li−S batteries. Besides, the composite interlayer also facilitates the homogenous flux of Li+ and inhibits the growth of Li dendrite on Li metal anode. As a result, PPy/G interlayer delivers an impressive capacity of 535 mAh g−1 at 5 C and an area capacity of 5.18 mAh cm−2 at a sulfur load of 5.8 mg cm−2 after 100 cycles. A steady capacity of 664 mAh g−1 is also accomplished in lean‐electrolyte condition after 100 cycles.
Metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging in patients with renal tumors—Initial experience
Authors: Tang Shuyu , Meng Maxwell V. , Slater James B. , Gordon Jeremy W. , Vigneron Daniel B. , Stohr Bradley A. , Larson Peder E. Z. , Wang Zhen Jane 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUNDOptimal treatment selection for localized renal tumors is challenging because of their variable biologic behavior and limitations in the preoperative assessment of tumor aggressiveness. The authors investigated the emerging hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to noninvasively assess tumor lactate production, which is strongly associated with tumor aggressiveness.METHODSEleven patients with renal tumors underwent HP 13C pyruvate MRI before surgical resection. Tumor 13C pyruvate and 13C lactate images were acquired dynamically. Five patients underwent 2 scans on the same day to assess the intrapatient reproducibility of HP 13C pyruvate MRI. Tumor metabolic data were compared with histopathology findings.RESULTSEight patients had tumors with a sufficient metabolite signal‐to‐noise ratio for analysis; an insufficient tumor signal‐to‐noise ratio was noted in 2 patients, likely caused by poor tumor perfusion and, in 1 patient, because of technical errors. Of the 8 patients, 3 had high‐grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), 3 had low‐grade ccRCC, and 2 had chromophobe RCC. There was a trend toward a higher lactate‐to‐pyruvate ratio in high‐grade ccRCCs compared with low‐grade ccRCCs. Both chromophobe RCCs had relatively high lactate‐to‐pyruvate ratios. Good reproducibility was noted across the 5 patients who underwent 2 HP 13C pyruvate MRI scans on the same day.CONCLUSIONSThe current results demonstrate the feasibility of HP 13C pyruvate MRI for investigating the metabolic phenotype of localized renal tumors. The initial data indicate good reproducibility of metabolite measurements. In addition, the metabolic data indicate a trend toward differentiating low‐grade and high‐grade ccRCCs, the most common subtype of renal cancer.LAY SUMMARY

Renal tumors are frequently discovered incidentally because of the increased use of medical imaging, but it is challenging to identify which aggressive tumors should be treated.

A new metabolic imaging technique was applied to noninvasively predict renal tumor aggressiveness.

The imaging results were compared with tumor samples taken during surgery and showed a trend toward differentiating between low‐grade and high‐grade clear cell renal cell carcinomas, which are the most common type of renal cancers.
Synaptic inputs to broad thorny ganglion cells in macaque retina
Authors: Bordt Andrea S. , Patterson Sara S. , Girresch Rebecca J. , Perez Diego , Tseng Luke , Anderson James R. , Mazzaferri Marcus A. , Kuchenbecker James A. , Gonzales‐Rojas Rodrigo , Roland Ashley , Tang Charis , Puller Christian , Chuang Alice Z. , Ogilvie Judith Mosinger , Neitz Jay , Marshak David W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn primates, broad thorny retinal ganglion cells are highly sensitive to small, moving stimuli. They have tortuous, fine dendrites with many short, spine‐like branches that occupy three contiguous strata in the middle of the inner plexiform layer. The neural circuits that generate their responses to moving stimuli are not well‐understood, and that was the goal of this study. A connectome from central macaque retina was generated by serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy, a broad thorny cell was reconstructed, and its synaptic inputs were analyzed. It received fewer than 2% of its inputs from both ON and OFF types of bipolar cells; the vast majority of its inputs were from amacrine cells. The presynaptic amacrine cells were reconstructed, and seven types were identified based on their characteristic morphology. Two types of narrow‐field cells, knotty bistratified Type 1 and wavy multistratified Type 2, were identified. Two types of medium‐field amacrine cells, ON starburst and spiny, were also presynaptic to the broad thorny cell. Three types of wide‐field amacrine cells, wiry Type 2, stellate wavy, and semilunar Type 2, also made synapses onto the broad thorny cell. Physiological experiments using a macaque retinal preparation in vitro confirmed that broad thorny cells received robust excitatory input from both the ON and the OFF pathways. Given the paucity of bipolar cell inputs, it is likely that amacrine cells provided much of the excitatory input, in addition to inhibitory input.
Fitting A Square Peg into A Round Hole: Shape Control in Phase Transfer of Cubic Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Maack Imke , Osmić Milena , Mohrhusen Lars , Buhani Pascal , Al‐Shamery Katharina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough nanomaterials are widely involved in technological applications, common synthetic recipes for such colloids are restricted to special, optimized conditions, particularly for anisotropic shapes. Ligand exchange is frequently necessary for further functionalization. While such protocols are well established for spherical particles, it is more demanding to keep the corpus for thermodynamically less stable shapes. We highlight the temperature as one key for the formation of anisotropic gold nanoparticles, but also for ligand exchange protocols under shape retention or deliberate reshaping at the example of gold nanocubes. In the first part, the synthesis of CTAB capped gold nanocubes in aqueous solution is examined highlighting the narrow temperature window in which selective adsorption site blocking by bromide ions leads to the formation of gold nanocubes. While too low temperatures yield multiple particle shapes due to a low surface mobility, temperatures above the appropriate window result in more thermodynamically favored shapes. Furthermore, two protocols are presented for the exchange of the ammonium ligand CTAB by oleylamine as an organic amine including water removal from a slurrish water‐amine paste through the gas phase. In turn, precise temperature control allows to either maintain the cubic shape or induce a reshaping process towards other, thermodynamically preferred shapes such as for example truncated octahedra.
Recent Progress in CsPbX3 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Enhanced Stability and Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Zhao Yanyan , Wang Cunjin , Hu Xiaoyun , Fan Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince the first discovery of CsPbX3 perovskite in 1893, exponentially increasing investigations on the tunable crystal structure, enhancement of stability against moisture, thermal, oxygen and light, and modulation of physicochemical properties have struggled to expand applications in photocatalysis. Here, the latest researches on modifying the structure and surface of CsPbX3 perovskite to achieve water, air, high temperature and light stability are systematically summarized, including surface passivation engineering, encapsulation strategy, semiconductor composite fabrication, and other strategies. Moreover, the major challenges of CsPbX3 perovskite act as photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution, degradation of organic dyestuff, CO2 reduction and photocatalytic organic synthesis are highlighted, and some perspectives from the current progress in development of CsPbX3‐based photocatalyst are given. This paper will provide a comprehensive perspective and inspire more constructive thoughts for further expanding the application boundaries of CsPbX3 perovskite.
Implementation and evaluation of the information flow control for the Internet of Things
Authors: Nakamura Shigenari , Enokido Tomoya , Takizawa Makoto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the Internet of Things, the CBAC (capability‐based access control) model is proposed to make devices securely accessed. Here, an owner of a device issues a capability token, that is, a set of access rights, to a subject. The subject is allowed to manipulate ROs (resource objects) in the device according to access rights in the capability token. In the CBAC model, there is a problem a subject sbi can obtain data of an RO by accessing the data in an RO after the data are brought to the RO even if the subject sbi is not allowed to obtain the data from the RO . Here, the data in the RO illegally flow to the subject sbi. In our previous studies, the OI (operation interruption) protocol where illegal operations are interrupted is proposed and evaluated in the simulation. In this article, we implement the OI protocol and evaluate the authorization process of the OI protocol in terms of the execution time. In the evaluation, we make clear the features of the execution time of authorization processes for GET, PUT, POST, and DELETE operations in the OI protocol.
Human CD8 T‐stem cell memory subsets phenotypic and functional characterization are defined by expression of CD122 or CXCR3
Authors: Zhao Yanran , Cai Curtis , Samir Jerome , Palgen Jean‐Louis , Keoshkerian Elizabeth , Li Hui , Bull Rowena A. , Luciani Fabio , An Hongyan , Lloyd Andrew R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLong‐lived T‐memory stem cells (TSCM) are key to both naturally occurring and vaccine‐conferred protection against infection. These cells are characterized by the CD45RA+CCR7+CD95+ phenotype. Significant heterogeneity within the TSCM population is recognized, but distinguishing surface markers and functional characterization of potential subsets are lacking. Human CD8 TSCM subsets were identified in healthy subjects who had been previously exposed to CMV or Influenza (Flu) virus in flow cytometry by expression of CD122 or CXCR3, and then characterized in proliferation, multipotency, self‐renewal, and intracellular cytokine production (TNF‐α, IL‐2, IFN‐γ), together with transcriptomic profiles. The TSCMCD122hi‐expressing subset (versus CD122lo) demonstrated greater proliferation, greater multipotency, and enhanced polyfunctionality with higher frequencies of triple positive (TNF‐α, IL‐2, IFN‐γ) cytokine‐producing cells upon exposure to recall antigen. The TSCMCXCR3lo subpopulation also had increased proliferation and polyfunctional cytokine production. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that the TSCMCD122hi population had increased expression of activation and homing molecules, such as Ccr6, Cxcr6, Il12rb, and Il18rap, and downregulated cell proliferation inhibitors, S100A8 and S100A9. These data reveal that the TSCMCD122hi phenotype is associated with increased proliferation, enhanced multipotency and polyfunctionality with an activated memory‐cell like transcriptional profile, and hence, may be favored for induction by immunization and for adoptive immunotherapy.
GC Analysis of Primary Fatty Acid Amides in Animal Fat
Authors: Jovanovic Milica , Schober Sigurd , Mittelbach Martin 
Published: April 2021

Waste animal fats represent a very attractive feedstock for biodiesel production. Primary fatty acid amides (PFAA) are a class or bioactive signaling lipids found in mammalian organisms, as well as several plant families. Waste animal fat coming from rendering plants can obtain up to 2.0% PFAA. After the conversion process they pose a risk in the final biodiesel as they can lead to deposits in storage tanks or plug fuel filters. In this paper, a method for efficient separation and quantification of PFAAs in waste animal fat is presented. The method consists of separation of PFAAs via solid phase extraction (SPE) using cartridges with 60 Å silica as stationary phase. The most effective eluents are determined to be hexane: ethyl acetate followed by chloroform: 2‐propanol. The isolated PFAAs are identified and quantified via gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) using nonadecanoic acid amide as an internal standard. The recovery of PFAAs in lard as matrix is determined to be around 100%. Six real samples are analyzed for the content of PFAAs leading to concentrations between 0.04% and 1%. Additionally, the limits of detection and quantification are determined to be 0.002% and 0.005%, respectively.Practical applications: The developed method is an efficient tool for characterization and determination of primary fatty acid amides in animal fat used as starting material for biodiesel production. The developed simple and efficient separation of PFAA via SPE and GC‐FID analysis without derivatization can also be applied to other biological fat samples, such as fat tissue, and plasma samples or microbial oils.
Development of an Alternative Test System for Chronic Testing of Lotic Macroinvertebrate Species: A Case Study with the Insecticide Imidacloprid
Authors: Brüggemann Maria , Hund-Rinke Kerstin , Böhmer Walter , Schaefers Christoph 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There are currently few suitable test systems for the chronic toxicity testing of aquatic macroinvertebrates under stream conditions. Therefore, a new test system mimicking running water conditions was developed for testing with lotic insects. This system uses small test cages, with 10 of these suspended inside each 25-L container and rotating at 0.1 m/s, to create a water flow for the individual organism inside each cage. To test the performance of the new exposure system, chronic effects (21 d) of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid were investigated with field-collected larvae of the stonefly Protonemura sp. Endpoints were survival, growth, and/or emergence (depending on the developmental stage of the larvae at the start of the exposure). Two experiments conducted 1 yr apart showed good reproducibility: growth 10% effect concentration (EC10) values were 15.3 and 18.5 μg/L and no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) values were 30.3 and 21.5 μg/L. A third experiment, performed with further-developed larval instars, showed a significant effect of imidacloprid on emergence (with EC10 of 5.97 μg/L and NOEC of 2.89 μg/L) and a significant effect on survival (with median lethal concentration of 44.7 µg/L). The results of the present study show that the newly developed test system provides a suitable approach for toxicity testing with stonefly larvae and potentially for other lotic macroinvertebrate species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2229–2239. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Alterations in the oral and gut microbiome of colorectal cancer patients and association with host clinical factors
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhang Yao , Qian Yun , Xie Yuan‐Hong , Jiang Shan‐Shan , Kang Zi‐Ran , Chen Ying‐Xuan , Chen Zhao‐Fei , Fang Jing‐Yuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that gut microbiota plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although preliminary comparisons of the oral and gut microbiota between CRC and healthy control (HC) patients have been made, the association between microbiome abundance and host clinical factors has not been fully illustrated, especially oral health conditions. Matching samples of unstimulated saliva, cancer tissues or biopsies and stools were collected from 30 CRC and 30 HC patients from Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Renji Hospital for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The diversity in salivary and mucosal microbiome, but not stool microbiome of CRC group, was significantly different from that of HC, as demonstrated by the Principal Component Analysis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age and higher oral hygiene index (OHI) were independent risk factors for CRC, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 1.159 (1.045‐1.284) and 4.398 (1.328‐14.567), respectively. Salivary Firmicutes to Bacteroides ratio in CRC was significantly higher than that in the HC group (P < .001), while the mucosal ratio was slightly decreased in CRC (P < .05). Salivary Rothia and Streptococcus levels were positively correlated with OHI, while Alloprevotella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptoccus and Prevotella genera levels were negatively associated with OHI. NetShift analysis revealed that salivary Peptococcus, Centipeda and mucosal Subdoligranulum genus might act as key drivers during the process of carcinogenesis. In conclusion, the current study provides insights into the potential influence of host clinical factors on oral and gut microbiome composition and can be a guide for future studies.
Dental hygiene faculty perspectives on thesis advising in graduate education
Authors: Varieur Julie A. , Boyd Linda D. , Smallidge Dianne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThere is little research regarding dental hygiene faculty perspectives on advising graduate students through the thesis process. This study explored dental hygiene faculty's experiences when advising DH graduate students through the thesis process and understanding their perspectives on the factors impacting completion of the thesis.MethodsThis qualitative phenomenological research study utilized virtual focus groups with a purposive sample of graduate DH thesis advisors (n = 18) from institutions with a thesis‐based Master of Science degree. A deductive analysis method was implemented based on six main topics (advisor's roles, advisor expectations of advisee, advisee challenges, student support strategies, institutional polices and resources, and academic workload and benefits of the advisor role) in the literature using qualitative analysis software.ResultsMain emergent themes included being a co‐investigator and supervisor of the advisee research process; expectations of advisee to respect the advisor's time and effort; expectation advisee understand the demands of a thesis; advisees challenges included self‐doubt and balancing of responsibilities; need to develop the advisor/advisee relationship and trust with advisee; and university policies and the availability of resources impact on the thesis completion.ConclusionDental Hygiene thesis advisors reported incorporation of many strategies to execute their role. The thesis process is unique to every student; however, the advisor's comprehensive problem‐solving skills and the student's perseverance collectively facilitate the completion of the thesis. Institutional policies, other resources, and the increase in workload are potential barriers for Dental Hygiene thesis advisors and require advocating on behalf of their advisee for on‐time thesis completion.
Pyridine‐2(1H)‐thiones: Versatile precursors for one‐pot synthesis of new nicotinonitrile‐thiazole hybrids
Authors: Sanad Sherif M. H. , Mekky Ahmed E. M. , Said Ahmed Y. , Elneairy Mohamed A. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the current study, we report a facile procedure for the preparation of a new series of nicotinonitrile‐thiazoles, in excellent isolated yields. For this purpose, pyridine‐2(1H)‐thiones were investigated as key building blocks for the synthesis of new nicotinonitrile‐linked 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives. To prepare the target thiazole hybrids, a facile one‐pot procedure was developed involving amine‐mediated reaction of the prior aldehydes, thiosemicarbazide, and the appropriate of hydrazonyl chlorides. The reaction conditions of this one‐pot protocol were optimized by repeating the reaction using different solvents and amines. The optimized conditions were conducting the reaction in dioxane containing triethylamine at 100°C for 5 h. The prior protocol gave, in each case, new series of nicotinonitrile‐linked thiazole and thiazol‐4(5H)‐one hybrids, bearing aryldiazenyl or arylhydrazineylidene units. Repeating the prior one‐pot protocol using the appropriate halogen containing reagents instead of hydrazonyl chlorides afforded the target thiazoles in excellent isolated yields. By considering their elemental analyses and spectral findings, the structures of the new hybrids were clarified.
Superior epigastric artery perforator flap for reconstruction of deep sternal wound infection
Authors: Bertheuil Nicolas , Leclere Franck‐Marie , Bekara Farid , Watier Eric , Flécher Erwan , Duisit Jérôme 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of deep wound sternal infection requires loco‐regional pedicled flaps, usually with muscular flaps. Perforator propeller flaps represent the ultimate progress in the history of reconstructive surgery. We report here our experience with the superior epigastric artery perforator (SEAP) flaps to repair sternal defect.Patients and methodsSix patients presenting deep sternal wounds infection were treated with SEAP propeller flap, between March 2015 and June 2017. The mean age was 71.5 (range 53–83) years. The mean length and width of the defect were 16.2 × 7 cm (ranging 8–20 × 4–10). An elliptical skin flap pedicled on the SEAP was harvested in the inframammary fold and rotated up to 90° to cover the defect.ResultsAll SEAP flaps achieved a successful entire coverage of the defect. The mean size of the skin paddle of the flap was 20.2 × 7.3 cm (ranging 14–27 × 6–9). All flaps were able to provide a complete sternal wound cover. Venous congestion was present in five cases and adequately treated by leech therapy; necrosis was distal in one case, and interesting the entire superficial flap in two cases but with deep tissues remaining viable and able to cover the mediastinum: an infected flap required revision. Satisfyingly, at 2‐years postoperative follow‐up all‐patients were alive with a successful mediastinal cover.ConclusionsThe SEAP Perforator propeller flap is an alternative to muscle flaps to achieve treatment of deep and large sternal wound infection.