bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Productivity in Horizontal Open Hole Completion Using Integrated Dynamic Diversion Acid Squeeze Technique in Highly Depleted Well: Successful Application in West Kuwait Field
Authors: Al-Sabea Salem , Abu-Eida Abdullah , Patra Milan , Haider Yousef , Al Qattan Hasan , Khandelwal Nakul , Matar Khaled , Chawla Sapna , Gaur Rishika 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Minagish field in West Kuwait is a high potential field which poses several challenges in terms of hydrocarbon flow assurance through highly depleted tight carbonate intervals with uneven reservoir quality and curtailed mobility. These conditions have shifted the field development from vertical to horizontal wellbore completions. Achieving complete wellbore coverage is a challenge for any Matrix Acid treatment performed in a long openhole lateral with disparities in reservoir characteristics. The fluid will flow into the path of least resistance leaving large portions of the formation untreated. As a result, economic Acid treatment options dwindle significantly, thus reservoir stimulation results are not always optimum.
A multistage acid stimulation technique using Integrated Dynamic Diversion (IDD) has been performed in a West Kuwait field well. The process uses active fluid energy to divert flow into a specific sweet point (high pressure point) in the lateral, which can pinpoint and precisely place acid treatment at the desired location. The process uses two self-directed fluid streams: one inside the pipe and one in the annulus. The process mixes the two fluids downhole with high energy to form a consistent controllable mixture. The technique includes pinpoint fluid jetting at the point of interest, followed by customized foamed HCL acid systems employed for improving individual stage targets in depleted reservoir. The IDD diversion shifts the acid treatment to unstimulated areas to create complex wormholes which increase reservoir contact volume and improve overall conductivity in the lateral. The kinetics and chemical diversion of the IDD methodology are highly critical to control fluid loss in depleted intervals and results in enhanced stimulation.
The application of the IDD methodology is a fit-for-purpose solution to address the unique challenges of openhole operations, formation technical difficulties, high-stakes economics, and untapped high potential from intermittent reservoirs. By utilizing this application in one continuous operation, the use of chemical diverters, straddle packers and mechanical plugs for selective treatment in open hole is eliminated, making this multistage completion technology economical for these depleted wells.
The paper presents results obtained after stimulating multiple zones along the lateral and describes the lessons learned in the implementation of this methodology. Going forward, the methods described, which can be considered a best practice for application to similar challenges in other fields. Proper candidate selection, optimum completion tools, and the fluid combination of in-situ gel-based diverter used to temporary plug the acid stimulated zone and foamed acid created an increase in the oil production of 430 BOPD.
Quantifying the Tangible Value of a Smart Field Asset Implementation Leveraging on Digital Technology and Automation, Taking into Account the Intangible Value Element
Authors: Ibrahim ElFadl Z. , Al Hendi Mariam A. , Al-Qamzi Abdulla , Ballaith Nasser A. , Al Hosani Dr Esra Y. , Al Wehaibi Sara A. A. M. , Muhamed Salim Muzahidin , Traboulay Ian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The value calculation for a new digital and innovative technology is often requested by the executive management to justify the cost required for the implementation and maintenance of the technology. The value is normally segregated into a tangible and intangible value that correspond to a quantitative and qualitative description of those value elements.
As part of the Digital Oilfield (DOF) assessment, the solution value has been defined using two approaches. Firstly, qualitative value is described using a "FEATURE_BENEFIT_VALUE" model. The qualitative value elements have been grouped to align with the company strategic pillars to achieve its vision. Secondly, the quantitative value has been estimated using an NPV model. It estimates the value of the complete digital solution (combined investment for all domains) being proposed for the Asset.
The model estimates the net present value (NPV) of the expected Asset investment in digital enablement and digital capability as defined in the assessment report. Net cash flow graphs are also calculated. The approach used is to calculate an NPV for a GO-NOGO decision. Therefore, a conservative estimate of NPV is made with the mind-set that if even being conservative, the NPV clears the company's hurdle rate for such projects, then the decision to invest is undertaken. Sensitivity analysis has been performed using conservative estimates of production gain enabled by digital and conservative oil prices.
The paper will detail out the approach for the value quantification of a DOF solution that will also correspond to the industry guidance. Example on how the value is calculated will also be outlined.
Experimental Methods for the Evaluation of the Efficiency of an Innovative Sulfur-Dissolving Product in HP-HT Conditions
Authors: Maffeis Ivan , de Angelis Alberto Renato , Guernelli Riccardo , Croce Ettore , Romano Luigi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
During production from sour gas reservoirs, precipitation of elemental sulfur can take place in production tubing, resulting in plugging of the well and stop of production. Injection in tubing of products devoted to dissolving sulfur can be an efficient solution for plug removal and production restoring.
Traditionally, organic solvents (like toluene) are employed for solid sulfur dissolution. In the present work, experimental investigations have been performed on a particular innovative liquid product designed as active phase for wellbore injection or near wellbore applications.
The analyses about the behavior of the considered product were conducted at HP-HT conditions. For this purpose, PVT laboratory equipment was employed, being able to reproduce the conditions of interest for the formation of elemental sulfur plug in well. An important preliminary optimization phase on the experimental setup was necessary to assure the correct management of studied liquid substance and solid sulfur.
Integration of main outcomes with other kind of analyses allowed to depict a complete representation of the behavior: microscopy analysis of the liquid phase and high-resolution tomography of solid sulfur before and after the interaction were employed.
A key point of the experimental characterization is the reproduction of significant involved phenomena. A preliminary effort was necessary for reproducing the realistic crystal form expected during the precipitation of solid sulfur in well.
The dissolution efficiency of the liquid product is evaluated by observing its physical interaction with sulfur in a HP-HT cell. Particular attention was paid to correctly handling employed substances at the considered pressure and temperature conditions. A detailed description of the optimized equipment used in laboratory is provided.
Several dissolution tests have been conducted at different temperature and pressure conditions, aiming to observe the dependence of the dissolution efficiency on the thermodynamic parameters.
A visual qualitative analysis was performed on both the liquid product and the solid plug, before and after the interaction in cell. This allowed to deepen the comprehension of the dynamics of sulfur dissolution, which takes place not only from the top face of the plug, but also from preferential paths (fractures) present inside the plug itself. The presence of sulfur crystals dispersed in the liquid product after sampling from the cell is also evident at the end of the tests.
The studied novel sulfur-dissolving liquid active phase is a candidate for remedial job injection at well in case of plugging due to solid elemental sulfur precipitation. The analyses here presented allowed to characterize the dissolution potential of this product. An optimized workflow was designed, including different kind of experimental disciplines.
Unleashing the Potential of Relative Permeability Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Shah Abdur Rahman , Ghorayeb Kassem , Mustapha Hussein , Ramatullayev Samat , Droubi Nour El , Kloucha Chakib Kada 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the most important aspects of any dynamic model is relative permeability. To unlock the potential of large relative permeability data bases, the proposed workflow integrates data analysis, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). The workflow allows for the automated generation of a clean database and a digital twin of relative permeability data. The workflow employs artificial intelligence to identify analogue data from nearby fields by extending the rock typing scheme across multiple fields for the same formation.
We created a fully integrated and intelligent tool for extracting SCAL data from laboratory reports, then processing and modeling the data using AI and automation. After the endpoints and Corey coefficients have been extracted, the quality of the relative permeability samples is checked using an automated history match and simulation of core flood experiments. An AI model that has been trained is used to identify analogues for various rock types from other fields that produce from the same formations. Finally, based on the output of the AI model, the relative permeabilities are calculated using data from the same and analog fields. The workflow solution offers a solid and well-integrated methodology for creating a clean database for relative permeability. The workflow made it possible to create a digital twin of the relative permeability data using the Corey and LET methods in a systematic manner. The simulation runs were designed so that the pressure measurements are history matched with the adjustment and refinement of the relative permeability curve.
The AI workflow enabled us to realize the full potential of the massive database of relative permeability samples from various fields. To ensure utilization in the dynamic model, high, mid, and low cases were created in a robust manner. The workflow solution employs artificial intelligence models to identify rock typing analogues from the same formation across multiple fields. The AI-generated analogues, combined with a robust workflow for quickly QC’ing the relative permeability data, allow for the creation of a fully integrated relative permeability database. The proposed solution is agile and scalable, and it can adapt to any data and be applied to any field.
Modeling a Novel Approach to Delay the Water Breakthrough in Gas Cap Wells Using Smart Completions: Case Study Onshore Abu Dhabi Field
Authors: Ojha Aditya , Al Hosani Mariam Ahmed , Al Bairaq Ahmed Mohamed , Mengal Salman Akram , Mohamed Ihab Nabil , Abdullayev Azer , Roopal Allen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents modeling a novel approach to determine the impact of implementing smart completions on water injectors located near the periphery of the gas cap and on gas producing wells situated in the gas cap of a giant Middle East onshore field. The objective of the study is to thoroughly investigate different smart completion designs which can effectively delay water breakthrough on the gas cap wells.
The study investigates the impact of adding smart well completion designs like ICD and AICD valves in delaying water breakthrough. The first phase involves adding smart completions to only water injectors. Sensitivity runs on several downhole completion design scenarios are conducted using a commercial near wellbore simulator and the optimal downhole completion design is implemented on a dynamic model and its impact is examined using a reservoir simulator. In the second phase, this approach is applied only for gas producers, and in the third phase the smart completions are simultaneously applied to both water injectors and gas producers.
The detailed study has revealed that the uncertainties and time involved in selecting optimal ICD design and placements could be reduced considerably by using an optimized workflow. The workflow uses a carefully designed process of using the outcomes from near wellbore simulators and incorporating the results in the actual full field dynamic models to assess the field level impacts.
When compared to the bare foot design, ICD and AICD valves showed better performance in delaying water breakthrough from the gas wells.
This paper provides a detailed study on the impact of different smart completions on delaying water breakthrough in gas production wells. The study also investigates how a uniform injection or production profile can be produced using different smart completions. Uniform injection and production profiles limit water fingering in the reservoir, and thereby delay water breakthrough caused by the flow of water through high permeability channels.
A Case-Study for the Reduction of CO2 Emissions in an Offshore Platform by the Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources Through Innovative Technologies Coupled with Energy Storage
Authors: Joseph Epoupa Mengou , Chiara Gambaro , Andrea Alessi , Andrea Terenzi , Michela Vecchione , Marco Binaschi , Salvatore R Di Salvo , Anglani Norma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Energy storage is entering in the energy distribution supply chain due to the global goal of achieving carbon neutrality in human activities, especially those related to energy production. Renewable energies integrated with energy storage play an important role in this framework [1].
The purpose of the study is to evaluate through simulations the impact of new renewable energy technologies in a microgrid to minimize fossil fuels consumption. The case study considers a hybrid microgrid including: a gas microturbine, organic photovoltaic panels (OPV), a point absorber wave energy converter, a vanadium redox flow battery and a load. The microgrid is placed in an offshore hydrocarbon plant near the northern coast of Australia.
Firstly, Australian meteorological data have been studied and three seasons identified (named ST1, ST2 and ST3). Then a correlation has been established between meteorological data and OPVs performances, analyzing data collected on OPVs panels installed. This relationship has been used to assess OPVs potential production at the site of interest. Similar correlation was made between the performances of a wave energy converter placed in the Adriatic Sea and the wave power matrix, to determine a suitable power data reference for the potential production of a wave energy converter to the Australian coast.
Finally, the behavior of the microgrid was modeled.
Different scenarios have been considered and the best one with optimal meteorological conditions enables lead to drastically decrease of the use of gas micro turbine resulting in lowest CO2 emissions. In fact, the consumption of natural gas has been summarized as follow:
Season 1 (ST1): during this season the load is entirely fed by the renewable sources and by the battery, with consequent zeroing of the daily consumption of natural gas.
Season 2(ST2): the battery is charged from 09:00am to 07:00pm with the exceeding power from the renewable sources. This configuration involves a daily natural gas consumption of 10.73 Sm3/d, which is equivalent to 987.16 Sm3/ ST2 (accounting for 92 days).
Season 3(ST3): the battery is charged from 09:00am to 07:00pm with the exceeding power from the renewable sources. This configuration involves a daily natural gas consumption of 6.58 Sm3/d, which is equivalent to 1006.74 Sm3/ ST3 (accounting for 120 days). The avoided CO2 emissions are 2062 tons/year.
This case study showed how the new renewable technologies, such as organic photovoltaics and wave energy converter, coupled with a long duration storage system, can be conveniently applied in sites with limited space for the decarbonization purpose of an offshore platform.
Remote Drilling Solution Delivers Consistency with the Use of an Automated Drilling Director: Case Studies from Kuwait
Authors: Farhi Nadir , Marck Julien Christian , Sanyal Aniket , Abdel Samie Mohamed Ahmed , Eldemerdash Moataz Mahmoud , Safar Ali Hussein , Al-Khaja Mohamed Jassem , Malik Abdullah Ahmad , Mohamed Jassem Ali , Haddad Hassan Salman , Al-Mulairi Mohamed Mansour , Alotaibi Youssef Eid , El-Enezi Sager Hammad , Alotaibi Youcef Eid , Jamal Jamal Ahmad , Rathuri Sushil Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Automated Drilling Director, a software application for drilling automation, integrates a physics-based model of the drilling system with machine learning and optimization algorithms to project the well path, monitor collision risk, manage vibrations, and control steering in real time automatically. With "intelligent" rotary steerable systems (RSSs), these steering decisions can be downlinked directly to the tool, thus, fully closing the loop around steering decision-making. Implementation of the Automated Drilling Director within a remote drilling center (RDC) enables the drilling operations to be conducted remotely and effectively with less rig site personnel. The resulting decisions are consistent and reliable, while a team of subject matter experts (SMEs) monitor the operations to optimize well assets, ensuring that the pre-job design of service (DoS) is executed properly. The validation of this innovative technology and approach in Kuwait, amongst others, opens the door to a new way of doing business, where resources, experience, and data are combined in the most efficient manner to improve consistency, as well as to maximize the value of the operators’ assets.
Role of Well Logs and Seismic Data Conditioning in Improving the Imaging of Complex Reservoirs from Abu Dhabi
Authors: Obaid Khalid , Aamir Muhammad , Nafie Tarek Yehia , Aly Omar , Krissat Widad , El-Mawla Walid Abd 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rock physics/seismic inversion is a powerful tool that deliver information about intra-wells rocks elastic attributes and reservoir properties such as porosity, saturation and rock lithology classification. In principle, inversion is like an engine that should be fueled by proper input quality of both seismic and well data.
As for the well data, sonic and density logs measure the rock properties a few inches from the borehole. Reliability of sonic transit-time and bulk density logs can be affected by large and rapid variation in the diameter and shape of the borehole cross-section, as well as the process of drilling fluid invasion. The basic assumption for acoustic well logs editing and conditioning is to use other recorded logs (not affected by bad-hole conditions) in a Multivariate-Regression Algorithm. In addition, Fluid Substitution was implemented to correct for the mud invasion that affects the acoustic and elastic properties based on the PVT data for fluid properties computation. The logs were then quality checked by multiple cross-plotting comparisons to the standard Rock-physics trends templates.
As for seismic data, there are several factors affecting the quality of surface seismic data including the presence of residual noise and multiples contamination that caused improper amplitude balancing. Optimizing the seismic data processing for the inversion studies require reviewing and conditioning the seismic gathers and pre-stack volumes, guided by a deterministic seismic-to-well tie analysis after every major stage of the processing sequence. The applied processes are mainly consisting of Curvelet domain noise attenuation to attenuate residual noise. This was followed by high resolution Radon anti-multiple to attenuate residual surface multiples and Extended interbed multiple prediction to attenuate interbed multiples. In addition, Offset dependent amplitude and spectral balancing were applied to maintain the seismic amplitudes fidelity.
This paper will illustrate a case from Abu Dhabi where data conditioning results improved the Hydrocarbon saturated carbonates vs brine saturated carbonate and the lithology predictions, leading to optimizing field development plans and drilling operations.
Bond Strength Testing and Simulation for Grouted Pile/sleeve Connections in Aged Structures
Authors: Rao Mohan Aita Raja Srinivasa , Omar Tarek , Sarkar Anjan Amulyaratan , Roy Michael , Sun Xing , Lunn Rachel , Wu Huan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recently the old accommodation platform (OAP) was decommissioned in Offshore Abu Dhabi. This platform was founded on four legs with piles inside and duly grouted inside pile and annulus. The main objective of this to carry out bond strength tests and finite element (FE) analysis for retrieved OAP grouted samples to investigate if any ageing effect on the bond strength of the grouted pile/sleeve connections for aged offshore structures. Nine Sleeve/Pile samples of varying lengths from 240mm to 1200mm were extracted for testing from the decommissioned platform. Dimensional analysis was carried out to assess the thickness loss and eccentricity. A bespoke testing rig with the maximum load capacity of 15,000kN was built at TWI Ltd. to perform bond strength tests. Finite element (FE) simulation of the testing was carried out and compared to the test results to calibrate and fine-tune material constitutive behaviour parameters and interfacial (friction and bond) parameters. Specimen measurements revealed a significant scatter in annulus grout thicknesses of various sleeve/pile specimens with maximum variations of up to 52%. These results indicate that pile alignment is strongly variable. Shear keys in the form of steel rings welded alternately onto the leg's inner surface and the pile outer surface providing mechanical resistance to relative sliding of the grout between the two bodies. The testing results shown that the ultimate loads varied significantly among various specimens, ranged between 9920kN for 1m specimen and 1800kN for 1.2m specimen. FE simulations agreed well with the observed failure modes and were used to investigate how the measured failure loads were influenced by grout material properties, cohesive bond behaviour and geometrical parameters such as shear keys and eccentricity. From the FE studies, it was found that different cohesive (surface) parameters are required to give the best fit, with the higher cohesive stiffness and strength associated with a higher failure load. Grout strength is also a significant parameter, but the effect of surface cohesion is less significant compared to material strength. The majority of the tested values were found to be meeting the minimum bond strength resulting from available standards (eg. ISO 19902). This type of real time testing output will provide insight into various parameters that contribute to bond strength in pile leg grouted connections. Moreover, these test and assessment results will form an integral and important input to various ongoing researches associated with ADNOC's grouted connections being carried out as part of another JIP led by National University of Singapore which is aimed at deriving design equations applicable to grouted connections beyond codal limits.