bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involving elderly research participants in the co-design of a future multi-generational cohort study
Authors: Nunn Jack , Sulovski Merrin , Tiller Jane , Holloway Bruce , Ayton Darshini , Lacaze Paul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: It has been proposed that the existing ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly Extension observational cohort study (ASPREE-XT) would provide a platform for a future multigenerational research study (MGRS). An advert was sent to 14,268 participants (aged 74 years and older, from Australia, and located in both metropolitan and rural locations) to invite them to share views and preferences about being involved in the co-design of a future MGRS, as their preferences were not known. The objective of this article is to report as a case study the process of involving study participants and how this impacted the co-design of a proposed multi-generational research study, using a novel standardised reporting tool. Methods: We used participatory action research to involve elderly research participants in the co-design of a proposed multi-generational cohort study between 2017-2019 using newsletters, telephone interviews and an in-person workshop. We used the novel ‘Standardised Data on Initiatives Alpha Version 0.1’ (STARDIT 0.1) to plan and report how participant involvement activities positively impacted the study design.Results: Fifty-nine ASPREE-XT participants were interviewed by telephone and 18 participants attended a face-to-face event. Involving participants positively impacted the proposed study design by improving the research objectives, developing protocols, influencing funding decisions and improving ethics applications. Learning points included the importance of maintaining the ideals of ASPREE-XT (respect, quality and transparency); research participants’ preference for the option of receiving results (including genetic results); participants’ need for involvement in decisions about recruitment, data access, governance and other ethical issues; and the preference for different communication methods, including both face-to-face and online methods. Data from the process indicated it was highly valued by all stakeholders, including research participants, study staff and lead investigators. Involvement of participants was described by a lead study investigator of ASPREE-XT as “enormously helpful”.Conclusions: This case study demonstrates that including participants in the design of a research study positively impacted the study design, participants and researchers. Using a standardised reporting tool to describe the methods and impacts provides a way for learning from this case study to inform future research studies planning to involve people.
Prevalence of post intensive care syndrome among Japanese intensive care unit patients: A prospective, multicenter, observational J-PICS study
Authors: Kawakami Daisuke , Fujitani Shigeki , Morimoto Takeshi , Dote Hisashi , Takita Mumon , Takaba Akihiro , Hino Masaaki , Nakamura Michitaka , Irie Hiromasa , Adachi Tomohiro , Shibata Mami , Kataoka Jun , Korenaga Akira , Yamashita Tomoya , Okazaki Tomoya , Okumura Masatoshi , Tsunemitsu Takefumi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Many studies have compared quality of life of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) patients with age-matched population-based controls. Many studies on PICS used the 36-item Short Form (SF-36) health survey questionnaire version 2 but lack the data for SF-36 values before and after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Thus, clinically important changes in the parameters of SF-36 are unknown. Therefore, we determined the frequency of co-occurrence of PICS impairments at 6 months after ICU admission. We also evaluated the changes in SF-36 subscales and interpreted the patients’ subjective significance of impairment.Methods A prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study was conducted in 16 ICUs across 14 hospitals in Japan. Adult ICU patients expected to receive mechanical ventilation for >48 hours were enrolled, and their 6-month outcome was assessed using the questionnaires. PICS definition was based on the physical status, indicated by the change in SF-36 physical component score (PCS) ≥10 points; mental status, indicated by the change in SF-36 mental component score (MCS) ≥10 points; and cognitive function, indicated by the worsening of Short-Memory Questionnaire (SMQ) score and SMQ score at 6 months <40. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with PICS occurrence. The patients’ subjective significance of physical and mental symptoms was assessed using the 7-scale Global Assessment Rating to evaluate minimal clinically important difference (MCID).Results Among 192 patients, 48 (25%) died at 6 months. Among the survivors at 6 months, 96 patients responded to the questionnaire; ≥1 PICS impairment occurred in 61 (63.5%) patients, and ≥2 occurred in 17 (17.8%) patients. Physical, mental, and cognitive impairments occurred in 32.3%, 14.6%, and 37.5% patients, respectively. Population with only mandatory education was associated with PICS occurrence (odds ratio: 4.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–18.8, P=0.029). The MCID of PCS and MCS scores was 6.5 and 8.0, respectively.Conclusions Among the survivors who received mechanical ventilation, 64% had PICS at 6 months; co-occurrence of PICS impairments occurred in 20%. PICS was associated with population with only mandatory education. Future studies elucidating the MCID of SF-36 scores among ICU patients and standardizing the PICS definition are required. Trial registration UMIN000034072
Effect of an intervention on antibiotic prescription control for respiratory diseases: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yue Chang , Cui Zhezhe , Yang Guanghong , He Xun , Wang Lei , Xin Zhang , Tang Lei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background The global health system is improperly using antibiotics, particularly in the treatment of respiratory diseases. We aimed to examine the effectiveness of implementing a unifaceted or multifaceted intervention for unreasonable antibiotic prescriptions.
Methods Relevant literature published in the databases of Pubmed, Embase, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese Journal Full-text (CNKI) and Wanfang was searched. Data were independently filtered and extracted by two reviewers based on a pre-designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Cochrane collaborative bias risk tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.
Results A total of 1,074 relevant studies were obtained of which 69 were included in the systematic review. Fifty-nine studies reported positive results, that is, the primary results in the intervention groups were superior to those in the control groups. The remaining 10 studies had negative or partially negative results. In 22 studies the outcome variable was the antibiotic prescription rate with detailed reports of the number of prescriptions being further analyzed, of which 19 involved educational interventions for doctors, including: (1) Online training using email, web pages and webinar, (2) Antibiotic guidelines for information dissemination measures by email, postal or telephone reminder, (3) Training doctors in communication skills, (4) Short-term interactive educational seminars, and (5) Short-term field training sessions. Seventeen studies of interventions for health care workers also included: (6) Regular or irregular assessment/audit of antibiotic prescriptions, (7) Prescription recommendations from experts and peers delivered at a meeting or online, (8) Publicly reporting on doctors' antibiotic usage to patients, hospital administrators, and health authorities, (9) Monitoring/feedback prescribing behavior to general practices by email or poster, and (10) Studies involving patients and their families (n=10). Seventeen studies were rated as having a low risk of bias while five were rated as having a high risk of bias.
Conclusion Implementing multiple interventions in health care institutions can effectively reduce antibiotic prescription rates. Adding multiple feedback interventions to educational interventions may be a more reasonable control method.
Registrations: This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42020192560.
An analysis of the services provided by Community Health Workers within an urban district in South Africa: a key contribution towards universal access to care.
Authors: Thomas Leena Susan , Buch Eric , Pillay Yogan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Community health worker teams are potential game-changers in ensuring access to care in vulnerable communities. Who are they? What do they actually do? Can they help South Africa realize universal health coverage? As the proactive arm of the health services, community health workers teams provide household and community education, early screening, tracing and referrals for a range of health and social services. There is little local or global evidence on the household services provided by such teams, beyond specific disease-oriented activities such as for HIV and TB. This paper seeks to address this gap.Methods: Descriptive secondary data analysis of community health worker team activities in the Ekurhuleni health district, South Africa covering approximately 280 000 households with one million people. Results: Study findings illustrated that community health workers in these teams provided early screening and referrals for pregnant women and children under five. They distributed condoms and chronic medication to homes. They screened and referred for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, HIV and TB. The teams also undertook defaulter and contact tracing, the majority of which was for HIV & TB clients. Psychosocial support provided was in the form of access to social grants, access to child and gender-based violence protection services, food parcels and other services.Conclusion: Community Health Workers form the core of these teams and perform several health and psychosocial services in households and poor communities in South Africa, in addition to general health education. The teams studied provided a range of activities across many health conditions (mother & child related, HIV & TB, non-communicable diseases), as well as social services. These teams provided comprehensive care in a large-scale urban setting and can improve access to care.
Predicting Future Mutations To Inform Vaccine Design
Authors: Chattopadhyay Ishanu , Li Jin , Li Timmy , Esser-Kahn Aaron 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Influenza viruses constantly evolve, and mismatches between predicted and circulating strains impact vaccine effectiveness. A barrier to predicting the season-specific dominant strains is the limited ability to predict future mutations, or estimate the numerical likelihood of specific future strains. Here, we introduce a biology-aware sequence similarity metric based on deep pattern recognition of evolutionary constraints, that calculate the odds of future mutations, outperforming WHO recommended flu vaccine compositions almost consistently over the two decades.
Bacteriophage cocktail supplementation improves growth performance, gut microbiome and production traits in broiler chickens
Authors: Upadhaya Santi Devi , Ahn Je Min , Cho Jae Hyoung , Kim Jin Young , Kang Dae Kyung , Kim Sung Woo , Kim Hyeun Bum , Kim Inho 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Effective antibiotic alternatives are urgently needed in the poultry industry to control disease outbreaks. Phage therapy mainly utilizes lytic phages to kill their respective bacterial hosts and can be an attractive solution to combating the emergence of antibiotic resistance in livestock. Methods: Five hundred and four, one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were allotted to 1 of 4 treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of CON (basal diet), PC (CON + 0.025% Avilamax®), BP 0.05 (CON + 0.05% bacteriophage), and BP 0.10 (CON + 0.10 % bacteriophage). Results: A significant linear effect on body weight gain (BWG) was observed during day 1-7, day 22-35, and cumulatively in bacteriophage (BP) supplemented groups. The BWG tended to be higher (P = 0.08) and the feed intake (FI) was increased (P = 0.017) in the PC group over CON group. A greater (P = 0.016) BWG and trends in increased FI (P = 0.06) were observed in the experiment in birds fed PC than CON diet. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was decreased in PC (65.28%), while it was similar in BP 0.05 and BP 0.10 (90.65%, 86.72%) compared to CON (90.19%). At the species level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus salivarus was higher in BP 0.05 (40.15%) and BP 0.10 (38.58%) compared to the CON (20.04%) and PC (18.05%). A linear reduction in the weight of Bursa of Fabricus (P = 0.022) and spleen (P = 0.052) was observed in birds fed graded level of BP and an increase (P = 0.059) in the weight of gizzard was observed in birds fed PC over BP diets. Linear and quadratic responses were observed in redness of breast muscle color in birds fed graded level of BP. Conclusions:The inclusion of the 0.05% and 0.1% BP cocktail linearly improved broiler weight during the first 7 days, 22-35 days and cumulatively, whereas 0.05% BP addition was sufficient for supporting immune organs, bursa and spleen as well as enhancing gut microbiome, indicating the efficacy of 0.05% BP as a substitute antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets.
Neuropsychiatric, cognitive and sexual impairment in mastocytosis patients
Authors: Jendoubi Fatma , Severino-Freire Maella , Negretto Mathilde , Arbus Christophe , Paul Carle , Livideanu Cristina Bulai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Mastocytosis is a rare disease characterised by the accumulation and/or proliferation of abnormal mast cells (MCs) in one or several organs. It may present with a number of different symptoms that involve various organ systems. The current study aims to assess the prevalence of MC mediator-related symptoms in a cohort of mastocytosis patients with a specific focus on neurological, psychiatric, cognitive and sexual symptoms. We also assessed the impact of the disease on patients’ professional lives.Patients were administered a validated multidimensional questionnaire to collect information on patients’ perception of the severity of their symptoms. From the questionnaires we extracted the neurological, cognitive, psychiatric and sexual symptoms and the impact of the disease on patients’ professional lives as well as their grading. The affective status was assessed using the 17-item version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Results: We included 139 patients. Mastocytosis was classified as systemic in 113 patients and cutaneous in 26 patients. The prevalence of MC mediator-related systemic symptoms was as follows: cutaneous (71%), gastro-intestinal (48%), cardio-vascular (36%), musculoskeletal (26.6%), fatigue (24%), urinary (14.4%) and respiratory (10%). Headaches and vertigo were noted in respectively 55% and 32% of patients. Irritability, episodes of memory loss and difficulty concentrating were reported in 54%, 52% and 40% of cases, respectively. Sexual impairment was noted in 24% of patients. No associations were found between neuropsychiatric/cognitive impairment and age, gender, diagnostic delay, disease form, the presence of cutaneous lesions, the level of serum and bone marrow tryptase and the presence of KIT mutation in bone marrow and/or skin. Depression was noted in 49% of patients. One in four patients reported a negative impact of the disease on their professional lives.Conclusions: This current study provides some insights regarding symptoms related to mastocytosis and their impact on patients’ professional lives.
Optimization of iron removal in water by nanobubbles using response surface methodology
Authors: Sun Cuizhen , Wang Guoxiu , Sun Caijuan , Liu Rupeng , Zhang Zhibin , Marhaba Taha , Zhang Wen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Iron contamination, causing staining, discoloration and bad taste, is a worldwide water problem. It is necessary to focus on iron oxidation from the water. This work aims to develop nanobubbles (NBs) technology to remove iron (Fe2+) from aqueous solutions. In batch experiments, the effects of initial Fe2+ concentration, pH, and aeration pressure on the Fe2+ oxidation efficiency were carried out. The results showed that initial concentrations, pH and aeration pressure are significant parameters influencing Fe2+ oxidation. On the basis of single factor experiments, the Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the Fe2+ oxidation conditions with NBs using three parameters (Fe2+ concentration, pH, and aeration pressure) under the response surface methodology. The optimal Fe2+ oxidation was achieved when the initial concentration was 13.7 mg·L−1, pH = 9, and the aeration pressure was 290 kPa. The regression model of Fe2+ oxidation rate under optimized test conditions is accurate and effective. The results showed that the combination of single factor test and response surface optimization can be used to optimize the Fe2+ oxidation process with NBs. It is concluded that NBs technology is promising for Fe2+ oxidation from water.
Reposition of the Fungicide Ciclopirox for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Huang Zhu , Huang Shile 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Ciclopirox (CPX), a broad-spectrum fungicide, has been widely used to
treat fungal infection on the skin and nails for decades. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have
shown that CPX also possesses promising anticancer activity.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to summarize the patents, the pharmacological and toxicological
properties, the anticancer activity, and the mechanisms of action of CPX and its derivatives
as anticancer agents.

Methods:
PubMed and Google using the keywords “ciclopirox”, “cancer or tumor” and “patent”
were searched, and the identified literature was reviewed.

Results:
Pharmacological and toxicological profiles from preclinical and clinical studies support
that systemic administration of CPX and its derivatives is feasible and safe for cancer treatment.
CPX exerts its anticancer activity by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, suppressing
cell migration and invasion, and inhibiting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically,
CPX impacts the expression or activities of multiple signaling molecules or pathways, such as ribonucleotide
reductase, Myc, DJ-1, Wnt/β-catenin, DOHH/eIF5A/PEAK1, VEGFR-3/ERK1/2,
ATR/Chk1/Cdc25A, and AMPK/TSC/mTORC1. Most of these effects are attributed to iron chelation
by CPX. Five patents have been retrieved: four patents on the development of CPX prodrugs
to improve the water solubility and bioavailability of CPX, and one patent on the methods of bladder
cancer treatment with CPX, CPX-O, or a CPX prodrug.

Conclusion:
CPX has a great potential to be repositioned for cancer therapy.
The Beneficial Effect of Rice Bran Extract Against Rotenone-Induced Experimental Parkinson’s Disease in Rats
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Kumar Puneet 
Published: February 2021

Background:Neurodegenerative diseases have become an increasing cause of various disabilities worldwide, followed by aging, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative brain disorder distinguished by growing motor & non-motor failure due to the degeneration of medium-sized spiked neurons in the striatum region. Rotenone is often employed to originate the animal model of PD. It is a powerful blocker of mitochondrial complex-I, mitochondrial electron transport chain that reliably produces Parkinsonism-like symptoms in rats. Rice bran (RB) is very rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and nutritionally beneficial compounds, such as γ-oryzanol, tocopherols, and tocotrienols and sterols are believed to have favorable outcomes on oxidative stress & mitochondrial function.Objective:The present study has been designed to explore RB extract’s effect against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in rats.Methods:In the present study, Rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c) was administered systemically for 28 days. The hexane extract of RB was prepared using Soxhlation. Hexane extract (250 & 500 mg/kg) was administered per oral for 28 days in rotenone-treated groups. Behavioral parameters (grip strength, motor coordination, locomotion, and catalepsy) were conducted on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day. Animals were sacrificed on the 29th day for biochemical estimation in the striatum and cortex.Result:This study demonstrates significant alteration in behavioral parameters, oxidative burden (increased lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, and decreased glutathione, catalase, SOD) in rotenone-treated animals. Administration of hexane extract of RB prevented the behavioral, biochemical alterations induced by rotenone. The current research has been sketched to inspect RB extract’s effect against rotenone-developed neurotoxicity in rats.Conclusion:The findings support that PD is associated with impairments in motor activity. The results also suggest that the nutraceutical rice bran that contains γ-oryzanol, Vitamin-E, ferulic acid etc., may underlie the adjuvant susceptibility towards rotenone-induced PD in experimental rats.
Evaluation of Microbial Profile of Milk and Some Dairy Products in Ilam, West of Iran
Authors: Bastam Mahsa Morovati , Jalili Mahsa , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Pakzad Iraj , Taherikalani Morovat , Ghafourian Sobhan 
Published: February 2021

Background:

Food-borne diseases can cause many problems and harm consumers and societies. Dairy products are an important part of the food pyramid. In addition, dairy products provide many nutritional needs to humans and can also be contaminated with bacteria and cause gastrointestinal diseases and food poisoning.

Objective:

The purpose of the present research was to evaluate bacterial contamination rate in cheese, raw and pasteurized milk.

Methods:
For this purpose, 100 samples, including 35 samples of raw milk samples, 35 samples of pasteurized milk and 30samples of cheese, were evaluated. Cultures, biochemical and phenotypic tests were performed. Finally, statistical analysis was performed.

Results:
Our finding demonstrates that Enterococcus spp was the highest rate in cheese samples, E.coli was the highest rate in raw milk samples, and citrobacter freundii, klebsiella oxytoca and enterococcus spp were of the same rate in pasteurized milk samples.

Conclusion:
The results obtained in this study demonstrated that some dairy products in Ilam province, were contaminated. So, we suggested that the pasteurized milk and dairy products be done with complete care and raw dairy products should not be used.