bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing bullying in the workplace: a model of servant leadership, employee resilience and proactive personality
Authors: Ahmad Saima , Islam Talat , Sohal Amrik Singh , Wolfram Cox Julie , Kaleem Ahmad 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis paper develops and tests a model for managing workplace bullying by integrating employee perceived servant leadership, resilience and proactive personality. Specifically, this paper explores servant leadership as an inhibitive factor for workplace bullying, both directly and indirectly in the presence of employee resilience as a mediator. It further explores whether proactive personality moderates the indirect relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis is an empirical study based on analysis of survey data collected from 408 employees working in services and manufacturing sector organisations in Pakistan. Structural equation modelling was used to test the research model.FindingsStructural equation modelling results support the proposition that servant leadership helps in discouraging workplace bullying, both directly and indirectly, in the presence of employee resilience as a mediator. However, employee proactive personality moderates this process, such that the association between resilience and workplace bullying is stronger for individuals with high proactive personality.Research limitations/implicationsThis study's findings illuminate the strong potential of servant leadership for managing workplace bullying. This potential is attributed to positive role modelling in the workplace, which may assist in building followers' resilience. This study provides evidence to support the importance of leadership in the process by which employees develop better psychological resources to combat bullying at work.Originality/valueThis is the first study that examines the direct relationship between servant leadership and bullying at work. In addition, this study introduced the mediating effect of resilience and the moderating effect of proactive personality on this relationship.
Developing twin‐specific 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test diagnostic thresholds for gestational diabetes based on the risk of future maternal diabetes: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hiersch L , Shah BR , Berger H , Geary M , McDonald SD , Murray‐Davis B , Guan J , Halperin I , Retnakaran R , Barrett J , Melamed N ,   for DOH‐NET (Diabetes, Obesity, Hypertension in Pregnancy Research Network), SOON (Southern Ontario Obstetrical Network) Investigators™
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo develop twin‐specific outcome‐based oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) diagnostic thresholds for GDM based on the risk of future maternal type‐2 diabetes.DesignA population‐based retrospective cohort study (2007–2017).SettingOntario, Canada.MethodsNulliparous women with a live singleton (n = 55 361) or twin (n = 1308) birth who underwent testing for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using a 75‐g OGTT in Ontario, Canada (2007–2017). We identified the 75‐g OGTT thresholds in twin pregnancies that were associated with similar incidence rates of future type‐2 diabetes to those associated with the standard OGTT thresholds in singleton pregnancies.ResultsFor any given 75‐g OGTT value, the incidence rate of future maternal type‐2 diabetes was lower for women with a twin than women with a singleton pregnancy. Using women with a negative OGTT as reference, the risk of future maternal type‐2 diabetes in twin pregnancies with a positive OGTT based on the standard OGTT thresholds (9.86 per 1000 person years, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 4.79, 95% CI 2.69–8.51) was lower than for singleton pregnancies with a positive OGTT (18.74 per 1000 person years, aHR 8.22, 95% CI 7.38–9.16). The twin‐specific OGTT fasting, 1‐hour and 2‐hour thresholds identified in the current study based on correlation with future maternal type‐2 diabetes were 5.8 mmol/l (104 mg/dl), 11.8 mmol/l (213 mg/dl) and 10.4 mmol/l (187 mg/dl), respectively.ConclusionsWe identified potential twin‐specific OGTT thresholds for GDM that are associated with a similar risk of future type‐2 diabetes to that observed in women diagnosed with GDM in singleton pregnancies based on standard OGTT thresholds.Tweetable abstractPotential twin‐specific OGTT thresholds for GDM were identified.
Suspected fibrin glue‐induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia after pulmonary resection: A case report
Authors: Kawamoto Nobutaka , Okita Riki , Hayashi Masataro , Okada Masanori , Ito Kosuke , Ikeda Eiji , Inokawa Hidetoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAir leakage is a common complication after pulmonary resection, and fibrin glue is used as a sealant to reduce postoperative air leakage. It is generally recognized that fibrin glue‐induced adverse events are rare. Herein, we report a rare case of suspected fibrin glue‐induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). A 72‐year‐old man underwent right lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection for right lower lung cancer. Fibrin glue was sprayed to cover the interlobar surface of the right upper and middle lobes. On postoperative day 10, computed tomography (CT) revealed ground‐glass shadows around the interlobar surface of the remaining lobes of the right lung. Although antibacterial drugs were administered for suspected bacterial pneumonia, fever spike, shortness of breath, and exacerbation of ground‐glass shadows were observed. Peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed increased eosinophil count, supporting the diagnosis of AEP. Pneumonia resolved after prednisolone administration. At one‐year follow‐up, CT showed no AEP recurrence. Drug‐induced pneumonia usually develops in the bilateral lung and rarely in the hemilateral lung. In this case, pneumonia was localized around the site covered with fibrin glue, suggesting fibrin glue‐induced AEP. Thus, the use of fibrin glue should be carefully considered during pulmonary resection.
Assaying lepidopteran flight directionality with non‐invasive methods that permit repeated use and release after testing
Authors: Parlin Adam F. , Stratton Samuel M. , Guerra Patrick A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Research into lepidopteran flight behaviour using techniques such as disappearance bearing (DB) observations and flight simulator (FS) trials provide important information on how organisms orient using environmental cues. These techniques possess limitations, however, which preclude their use for rare or threatened species. DB observations limit the amount and diversity of data that can be collected from individuals. FS trials can be high risk, involving invasive, terminal procedures.

We develop a new non‐invasive tethering technique for lepidopterans, demonstrate this method using eight different species and include a video tutorial. We describe the means necessary to conduct FS trials (open‐loop assay) and test the tethered butterflies from different species in outdoor FS tests. We describe the use of DB observations for assaying the directionality of free‐flying individuals (closed‐loop assay). We test our methods using fall migratory monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus, and examine the flight orientation of the same individuals using both assay methods.

Flight simulator and DB techniques each yield useful and complementary results when both are applied to the same individuals. Using both assays on the same individual, as part of our new ‘catch–test–release’ (CTR) method, permits the integrated acquisition of different types of behavioural information, in a manner not done previously.

The non‐invasive CTR technique has significant implications for movement research with lepidopteran species of variable conservation status or that are considered pests. Our CTR technique aids conservation science by expanding the scope of species and the questions that can be tested, as individuals are re‐released into nature unharmed after experimentation.
Guidelines improve patient outcomes in specialised mental health care: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Setkowski Kim , Boogert Kelly , Hoogendoorn Adriaan W. , Gilissen Renske , van Balkom Anton J. L. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe uptake of evidence‐based guideline recommendations appears to be challenging. In the midst of the discussion on how to overcome these barriers, the question of whether the use of guidelines leads to improved patient outcomes threatens to be overlooked. This study examined the effectiveness of evidence‐based guidelines for all psychiatric disorders on patient health outcomes in specialist mental health care. All types of evidence‐based guidelines, such as psychological and medication‐focused guidelines, were eligible for inclusion. Provider performance was measured as a secondary outcome. Time to remission when treated with the guidelines was also examined.MethodSix databases were searched until 10 August 2020. Studies were selected, and data were extracted independently according to the PRISMA guidelines. Random effects meta‐analyses were used to pool estimates across studies. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Review Group criteria. PROSPERO:CRD42020171311.ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 18 studies (N = 5380). Guidelines showed a positive significant effect size on the severity of psychopathological symptoms at the patient level when compared to treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) (d = 0.29, 95%‐CI = (0.19, 0.40),p < 0.001). Removal of a potential outlier gave globally the same results with Cohen'sd = 0.26. Time to remission was shorter in the guideline treatment compared with TAU (HR = 1.54, 95%‐CI = (1.29, 1.84),p = 0.001, n = 3).ConclusionsPatients cared for with guideline‐adherent treatments improve to a greater degree and more quickly than patients treated with TAU. Knowledge on the mechanisms of change during guideline‐adherent treatment needs to be developed further such that we can provide the best possible treatment to patients in routine care.
Moderators and mediators of outcomes of parents with substance use problems: further evaluation of the Parents under Pressure programme
Authors: Dawe Sharon , Harnett Paul , Gullo Matthew J. , Eggins Elizabeth , Barlow Jane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsFamily‐focused interventions can improve family functioning when parents have substance use problems. However, there has been little focus upon potential predictors of change and analysis of mechanisms of change. This study aims to identify mediators and moderators of change in a pragmatic, multi‐site, randomized controlled trial of the Parents under Pressure (PuP) programme, a family‐focused intervention for parents with substance use and other problems, and treatment‐as‐usual (TAU).DesignSecondary analysis of data: multi‐level modelling was used to investigate moderators of treatment outcome; mediation was tested with cross‐lagged models.SettingCommunity‐based family support services in the United Kingdom.ParticipantsParents (n = 100) attending community‐based addiction services with children aged 2.5 years or younger.MeasurementsPredictors of the primary outcome, child abuse potential, were: baseline child age and gender, composite family risk score, parental substance use and parental emotional dysregulation. Mediation was tested across three time‐points with the observed variables parental emotion dysregulation and child abuse potential.FindingsIncreased child age [Z = 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01, 0.33] at baseline was associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential for PuP programme participants compared with TAU. Poorer parental emotional regulation (Z = 2.48, 95% CI = –2.76, −0.32) was associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential for all participants. Parental substance use (either recent use or primary substance of concern) did not alter any treatment effects on child abuse potential. The mediation analysis showed that PuP produced greater improvements in emotional regulation at post‐treatment (P < 0.001) compared with TAU, which predicted lower child abuse potential at 6‐month follow up (P < 0.05).ConclusionsFor UK parents enrolled in a family‐focused intervention, baseline measurements of higher child age appear to be associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential at 6‐month follow‐up in PuP participants compared with treatment as usual (TAU). Poorer parental emotional regulation and, potentially, higher family risk, appears to be associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential at 6‐month follow‐up in PuP and TAU. Emotional regulation appeared to act as a mediator as improvements in parental emotional regulation post‐treatment appeared to be associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential at 6‐month follow up. Notably, participation in the PuP programme led to better parental emotional regulation compared with TAU.
Outcomes associated with the use of medications for opioid use disorder during pregnancy
Authors: Krans Elizabeth E. , Kim Joo Yeon , Chen Qingwen , Rothenberger Scott D. , James Alton Everette , Kelley David , Jarlenski Marian P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo test the effect of the duration of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) use during pregnancy on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis of claims, encounter and pharmacy data.SettingPennsylvania, USA.ParticipantsWe analyzed 13 320 pregnancies among 10 741 women with opioid use disorder aged 15–44 years enrolled in Pennsylvania Medicaid between 2009 and 2017.MeasurementsWe examined five outcomes during pregnancy and for 12 weeks postpartum: (1) overdose, (2) postpartum MOUD continuation, (3) preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation), (4) term low birth weight (< 2500 g at ≥ 37 weeks) and (5) neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Our primary exposure was the duration (count of weeks) of any MOUD use, including methadone or buprenorphine, during pregnancy.FindingsAmong 13 320 pregnancies, 306 (2.3%) were complicated by an overdose, 1753 (13.2%) resulted in a preterm birth and 6787 (50.9%) continued MOUD postpartum. Among infants, 874 (7.6%) were low birth weight at term and 7706 (57.9%) were diagnosed with NAS. As the duration of MOUD use increased, we found a statistically significant decrease in the rate of overdose and preterm birth, a statistically significant increase in the rate of postpartum MOUD continuation and NAS and a decline in term low birth weight. Specifically, for each additional week of MOUD, the adjusted odds of overdose decreased by 2% [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.97, 0.99], preterm birth decreased by 1% (aOR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.99, 1.00), postpartum MOUD continuation increased by 95% (aOR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.87, 2.04) and NAS increased by 41% (aOR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.35, 1.47). The odds of term low birth weight did not change (aOR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.99, 1.00), although the rate declined with a longer duration of MOUD use during pregnancy.ConclusionsLonger duration of medication for opioid use disorder use during pregnancy appears to be associated with improved maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Interprofessional education between dentistry and pharmacy students: delivery, barriers and facilitating implementation
Authors: Carlisle C , Taing M‐W 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInterprofessional education (IPE) between dentistry and pharmacy students is an approach to teach effective collaborative practice between a team of future health care providers. It relies on the support and motivation of students, staff and professionals to implement a variety of educational strategies and might involve evaluating student progression before and after delivery. Many barriers exist towards the implementation of IPE between dentistry and pharmacy health disciplines and outlining experiences across educational/clinical practice settings and possible solutions would assist in reducing those walls to realization. Implementation of IPE between pharmacy and dentistry undergraduate programs might lead to improved workplace collaborations and reduce medication errors, adverse events and increase in cross‐referrals. Interprofessional education within undergraduate training forms the first steps towards reducing the burden on health care systems by enabling effective collaboration to improve patient outcomes. This narrative review describes IPE strategies used between pharmacy and dentistry undergraduate disciplines to enable collaboration, discusses the barriers and facilitators towards implementing IPE, and future directions for IPE education between these two disciplines.
Opening up on airways: the purported effect of nasorespiratory obstruction on dentofacial growth
Authors: Cheung J‐LS , Dreyer C , Ranjitkar S 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTNasorespiratory obstruction has been purported to influence dentofacial growth adversely. This has sparked considerable debate for decades with a resurgence in interest in ‘airway friendly orthodontics’ among both general and specialist dental practitioners. This critical review aims to evaluate the current literature relating to two questions: does nasorespiratory obstruction alter dentofacial growth, and does early intervention targeted at alleviating nasorespiratory obstruction improve dentofacial growth? The strength of association between nasorespiratory obstruction, mouth breathing and a long face is weak. The common methodological flaws in research include unblinded and cross‐sectional study designs, a lack of adequate controls, inadequate follow‐up, subjective assessments and inadequate statistical power. Vertical dentofacial growth has a strong genetic influence, which implies a relatively minor contribution of environmental factors including airway obstruction. The current evidence does not support recommending procedures, such as adenotonsillectomy and maxillary expansion, with the singular aim of negating a hyperdivergent (vertical) dentofacial growth pattern. In light of low‐quality evidence, both the World Health Organization guidelines and ethical principles dictate that greater emphasis is placed on avoiding harm and wastage of resources over alternative options. These findings call for quality improvement in undergraduate and postgraduate curricula and continuing professional development for health professionals.
A dynamic stochastic frontier approach with persistent and transient inefficiency and unobserved heterogeneity
Authors: Minviel Jean Joseph , Sipiläinen Timo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article introduces a dynamic stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) framework with unobserved heterogeneity, persistent and transient inefficiency effects, based on recent advances in the SFA literature. The newly developed dynamic frontier model is applied on a sample of French crop‐livestock farms. The estimates provide useful insights for the estimation of the technical efficiency scores as well as for the analysis of the associations of contextual drivers, such as public subsidies and indebtedness, with technical efficiency.
Leading the way – foreign direct investment and dairy value chain upgrading in Uganda
Authors: Van Campenhout Bjorn , Minten Bart , Swinnen Johan F. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDriven by increased demand from both local and export markets and facilitated by far‐reaching liberalization and privatization policies, the dairy sub‐sector in Uganda has undergone significant changes in the last decade. With a comparative advantage in milk production, the southwest of Uganda has started to attract considerable Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in processing capacity, mainly targeting the export market. As a result, processing capacity increased five‐fold and dairy became Uganda's third most important export product, coming from negligible amounts a decade earlier. In this study, we use data collected at different nodes within the value chain to identify some of the key innovations in these value chains. This is done by comparing the area that received the bulk of FDI to a similar area that did not. Furthermore, we also provide an econometric analysis that focuses on the integration of value chain actors into modern value chains more broadly defined. We find that dairy value chains are transforming rapidly, but innovations are more pronounced in areas that received the bulk of FDI. Our analysis further underscores the importance of milk collection centers, which often take the form of farmer cooperatives, in providing many of the support services that enable other actors in the value chain to produce sufficient milk, and maintain milk sanitation levels necessary for a modern export sector to emerge.
Imaging in gynecomastia
Authors: Billa Evangelia , Kanakis George A. , Goulis Dimitrios G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundGynecomastia (GM) is the benign proliferation of glandular tissue in the male breast. It is a common condition, which may occur physiologically and shows three age peaks during a male's lifespan: infancy, puberty, and senescence. An underlying pathology may be revealed in 45%–50% of adult men with GM, such as aggravating medications, systemic diseases, obesity, endocrinopathies, or malignancy.ObjectiveTo discuss the role of imaging in the evaluation of GM and its contribution to therapeutic decision‐making.Materials/methodsThe current literature was reviewed through PubMed, Scopus, and CENTRAL electronic databases to identify the best available evidence concerning imaging modalities in patients with GM.ResultsMost male breast lesions can be diagnosed on clinical grounds; however, in certain cases, when physical examination is inconclusive, imaging may be helpful.DiscussionThe main purpose of evaluating a patient with GM is to establish the diagnosis and differentiate true GM from pseudogynecomastia, exclude breast cancer, and detect the possible cause. GM is seen in mammography as a subareolar opacity and three mammographic patterns of GM are described: nodular, dendritic, and diffuse, corresponding to florid GM of early onset, fibrous persistent GM, and GM due to exogenous estrogen administration, respectively. In ultrasound (US), florid GM is depicted as a disk‐shaped, hypoechoic area underlying the areola, whereas echogenicity of the lesions increases as fibrosis develops. Data on the use of MRI in the evaluation of the male breast and GM are still limited. Imaging findings can be classified according to the BIRADS (breast imaging reporting and data system) based on their malignant potential.ConclusionBoth mammography and US are sensitive and specific to diagnose GM and distinguish it from breast cancer. When clinical findings are suggestive of malignancy or imaging findings are inconclusive, a histological confirmation should be sought.