bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder perspectives on the implementation and impact of Indigenous health interventions: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Chando Shingisai , Tong Allison , Howell Martin , Dickson Michelle , Craig Jonathan C. , DeLacy Jack , Eades Sandra J. , Howard Kirsten 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvaluations of health interventions for Indigenous peoples rarely report outcomes that reflect participant and community perspectives of their experiences. Inclusion of such data may provide a fuller picture of the impact of health programmes and improve the usefulness of evaluation assessments.AimTo describe stakeholder perspectives and experiences of the implementation and impact of Indigenous health programmes.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies evaluating complex health interventions designed for Indigenous communities in high‐income countries. We searched 6 electronic databases (through to January 2020): MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, EconLit and CINAHL and hand‐searched reference lists of relevant articles.ResultsFrom 28 studies involving 677 stakeholders (mostly clinical staff and participants), six main themes were identified: enabling engagement, regaining control of health, improving social health and belonging, preserving community and culture, cultivating hope for a better life, and threats to long‐term programme viability.ConclusionThe prominence of social, emotional and spiritual well‐being as important aspects of the health journey for participants in this review highlights the need to reframe evaluations of health programmes implemented in Indigenous communities away from assessments that focus on commonly used biomedical measures. Evaluators, in consultation with the community, should consistently assess the capacity of health professionals to meet community needs and expectations throughout the life of the programme. Evaluations that include qualitative data on participant and community‐level outcomes can improve decision‐makers' understanding of the impact that health programmes have on communities.Patient or public contributionThis paper is a review of evaluation studies and did not involve patients or the public.
Dealing with host and food searching in a diurnal parasitoid: consequences of light at night at intra‐ and trans‐generational levels
Authors: Gomes Elisa , Rey Benjamin , Débias François , Amat Isabelle , Desouhant Emmanuel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Light pollution is a widespread phenomenon with major consequences on nocturnal organisms from individual to community. However, its effects on diurnal organisms are still scarcely studied.
We exposed diurnal parasitoid wasps (Venturia canescens) to low (0.7 lux) or high (20 lux) artificial light for two to eight consecutive nights, and quantified its consequences on their physiology and daytime behaviour compared to a control group (0 lux). We next considered potential trans‐generational effects on offspring whose mothers were exposed to light pollution.
While in the dark night the wasps showed no activity, exposure to artificial light triggered nocturnal activity and altered diurnal behaviours related to foraging. Wasps exposed to light at night had a greater propensity to choose hosts rather than food compared to controls. They also spent more time feeding when exposed to 0.7 lux of light at night. However, these behavioural modifications were not related to changes in individual energy reserves.
Light pollution effects persisted at trans‐generational level: offspring development time and latency before feeding increased when mothers were exposed to 0.7 lux light at night.
Even at low intensity, light pollution alters foraging behaviour of a diurnal insect. Searching for hosts or food being essential for fitness, light pollution is likely to have long‐term repercussions on insect populations.
Light pollution caused behavioural modifications potentially beneficial for V. canescens in the short term. However, longer term studies (e.g. on lifetime reproductive success) are needed to fully understand its consequences on insects.
In vitro skin model for characterization of sunscreen substantivity upon perspiration
Authors: Keshavarzi Fatemeh , Knudsen Nina Ø. , Brewer Jonathan R. , Ebbesen Morten F. , Komjani Niloufarsadat M. , Moghaddam Saeed Z. , Jafarzadeh Shadi , Thormann Esben 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe resistance of sunscreens to the loss of ultraviolet (UV) protection upon perspiration is important for their practical efficacy. However, this topic is largely overlooked in evaluations of sunscreen substantivity due to the relatively few well‐established protocols compared to those for water resistance and mechanical wear.MethodsIn an attempt to achieve a better fundamental understanding of sunscreen behaviour in response to sweat exposure, we have developed a perspiring skin simulator, containing a substrate surface that mimics sweating human skin. Using this perspiring skin simulator, we evaluated sunscreen performance upon perspiration by in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) measurements, optical microscopy, ultraviolet (UV) reflectance imaging and coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy.Results and conclusionResults indicated that perspiration reduced sunscreen efficiency through two mechanisms, namely sunscreen wash‐off (impairing the film thickness) and sunscreen redistribution (impairing the film uniformity). Further, we investigated how the sweat rate affected these mechanisms and how sunscreen application dose influenced UV protection upon perspiration. As expected, higher sweat rates led to a large loss of UV protection, while a larger application dose led to larger amounts of sunscreen being washed‐off and redistributed but also provided higher UV protection before and after sweating.
The importance of polyreactive antibodies in protection against pneumococcal infection
Authors: Milling Simon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAntibodies are a key element of the immune response. They can bind their molecular targets with exquisite sensitivity and specificity, providing protection against a multitude of pathogens. They have long been understood to be markers of a successful response to vaccination, and are now widely manufactured as highly specific and robust immunotherapeutic agents. Less well understood are the polyreactive antibodies, found in serum, which are able to bind more than one target molecule. Here, we highlight new research into these naturally occurring polyreactive antibodies, which demonstrates their importance for protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common cause of airway infection.
The terrible twos: How children cope with frustration and tantrums and the effect of maternal and paternal behaviors
Authors: Deichmann Felix , Ahnert Lieselotte 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExperimental Frustration Procedures with 158 children (15–39 months) of two‐parent families were conducted, with each parent separately involved. We examined diverse characteristics of children's frustration and focused on specific behaviors of how children coped and parents supported them. In addition, external observers measured child attachment security (via Attachment Q Sort) toward the mother and the father during two home visits. Children with high attachment security became frustrated later and for a shorter time, and fathers, as compared to mothers, relieved these frustration patterns and reduced them. Although 22.2% children exhibited intense frustration responses up to tantrums, levels remained unaffected by child gender, but decreased with child age. Time‐lag analyses revealed that children's self‐comforting behaviors reduced frustration responses only by around 20%, but self‐distracting (in younger children) and pretend‐playing (in older children) by around 50% and 70%. Of the parent behaviors, demonstrating reduced children's frustration by up to 40% whereas distracting and reframing by around 60% (mothers) and 80% (fathers). In general, mothers tended to protect the child from distress, whereas fathers assisted the child in coping with frustration. However, if mothers soothed and fathers encouraged, children's frustration intensified.
Health professionals’ perspectives of safety issues in mental health services: A qualitative study
Authors: Albutt Abigail , Berzins Kathryn , Louch Gemma , Baker John 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study aimed to explore mental health professionals’ perceptions of patient safety issues across community and inpatient mental health services. Fourteen mental health professionals across community and inpatient settings participated in qualitative interviews. Framework analysis, guided by the Yorkshire Contributory Factors Framework – Mental Health, was used to analyse the data. Safety issues identified by mental health professionals mapped on to 19 of the 21 factors in the Yorkshire Contributory Factors Framework – Mental Health. The factors most frequently mentioned by participants were ‘safety culture’ which focused on raising concerns, learning from incidents and the influence of targets; ‘communication systems’ to support effective communication between staff; ‘service user factors’ including a perceived increase in illness acuity; ‘service process’ including how patients access and interact with services; and ‘staff workload’ perceived being as unmanageable. Mental health professionals consider there to be a broad range of safety issues associated with mental health services. Future research should aim to develop interventions to improve safety focused across the factors raised by professionals.
Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on behavioural and psychosocial factors related to oral health in adolescents: A cohort study
Authors: Brondani Bruna , Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Tomazoni Fernanda , Cósta Marina Dutra , Vargas Andressa Weber , Noronha Thaís Gioda , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Ardenghi Thiago Machado 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on behavioural and psychosocial aspects related to oral health is unknown.AimThis study evaluated the psychosocial and behavioural changes related to oral health in adolescents immediately before and during the pandemic period of COVID‐19, enabling a longitudinal assessment of the perceived changes.DesignThis cohort study evaluated 290 adolescents from November 2019 to February 2020 (T1—before the pandemic in Brazil) and from June to July 2020 (T2) in southern Brazil. Sociodemographic, behavioural, and psychosocial variables were measured before and during the pandemic. Issues related to social distancing and job loss were also collected. The differences between the variables in T1 and T2, as well as the effect of social distancing, were assessed using a multilevel‐adjusted logistic regression model for repeated measures.ResultsA total of 207 adolescents were re‐evaluated at T2 (a response rate of 71.3%). During the pandemic, the frequency of toothbrushing, the use of dental services, and the self‐perceived need for dental treatment significantly decreased. Sugar consumption, bruxism, and quality of sleep did not change significantly.ConclusionBehavioural and psychosocial factors showed significant changes due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in adolescents.
Association between possible awake bruxism and bullying among 8‐ to 11‐year‐old children/adolescents
Authors: Alonso Letícia Silva , Serra‐Negra Júnia Maria , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Martins Isabela Melo , Tourino Luciana Fonseca Pádua Gonçalves , Vale Miriam Pimenta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBruxism is characterized by tooth grinding and/or clenching.AimTo evaluate the association between possible awake bruxism (PAB) and bullying among individuals aged 8–11 years.DesignA representative cross‐sectional study was conducted with 434 eight‐ to eleven‐year‐old children/adolescents. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire to provide data on sociodemographic characteristics. Children/adolescents answered a questionnaire about the occurrence of PAB. The Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was used. The Poisson regression analysis was performed.ResultsOf the 434 children/adolescents, 209 (48.2%) were boys and 225 (51.8%) were girls. The mean age of the children/adolescents was 9.14 years (±1.00). Children/adolescents who were victims of bullying (PR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.14‐2.04, P = .005) and bullies‐victims (PR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.36‐3.17, P = .001) presented a higher frequency of PAB than those who were not involved in bullying.ConclusionChildren/adolescents who were bullying victims and bullies‐victims had a higher frequency of PAB.
The retention effect of staff education programme: Sustaining a decrease in hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers via culture of care integration
Authors: Al Mutair Abbas , Al Mutairi Alya , Schwebius Deborah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHospital‐acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) negatively affect patients during hospitalisation, putting patients at risk for further complications. HAPUs are one of the hospital quality key performance indicators (KPIs) that necessitate quality initiatives and/or programmes to minimise its occurrence and consequences. When quality initiatives are put into place and proven effective, the next important focus is sustainability of the effects. The original Saudi Arabian study based on data collected from 50 441 patients, showed that implementation of the pressure ulcer prevention programme (PUPP) was successful showing a statistically significant reduction of HAPUs from 0.20% in 2014 to 0.06% in 2018 (P value <.001). The aim of this follow‐up check of the original study was to assess if the PUPP's effectiveness success was retained. Also, to try and determine why the implemented quality improvement programme to prevent HAPUs was so successfully retained. Designed and conducted as a systemic review, it tracked the outcomes of pressure ulcer rates during and post PUPP implementation that mostly focused on evidence‐based staff education, concentrating on years 2016 to 2018. Statistically significant reductions were captured by data that have been presented through Pearson Chi squares. HAPU decline was notable between year 2017 and 2018. This was followed by a further reduction in year 2018. The results determine retention effect sustainability of the initial positive results achieved. By doing so, the study was further able to establish that the PUPP had been integrated into the hospital system's care culture as evidenced by the reduction of HAPUs despite a large inpatient growth. Consideration of what contributing factors led to this successful integration of new knowledge into the care culture are also examined. KPIs can be used as indicators to help reinforce staff education. Culture of care (support of values and interventions taught during the PUPP) offer hope that these may be duplicated in future improvement projects. The supportive nature of a given culture of care may in fact be just as important as the practical education provided to staff members.
Corporate social responsibility and operating cash flows management: An examination of credit market incentives
Authors: Oh Hyung Il , Kim Hyunpyo , Kim Jeong‐Bon , Lee Yong Gyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper examines whether firms that engage in corporate social responsibility activities (CSR firms) manage reported cash flows from operations (CFO) when they have strong credit market incentives. We find that CSR firms near financial distress and those having a long‐term credit rating near the investment/non‐investment grade cutoff are more likely to inflate reported CFO, compared to all other firms. We also find evidence that CSR firms with these credit market incentives appear to resort mainly to classification rather than timing as a tool for managing CFO. Further, we find that the degree of CFO management performed by those CSR firms is more pronounced under weaker corporate governance. Overall, our findings suggest that CSR firms with stronger credit market incentives are more likely to manage CFO, and that such CFO management behavior is likely to be implemented at the expense of shareholders’ interest.
Virtual reality in K‐12 and higher education: A systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Luo Heng , Li Gege , Feng Qinna , Yang Yuqin , Zuo Mingzhang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study is a systematic review of 20 years of research on the usage of virtual reality (VR) in K‐12 and higher education settings, which aims to consolidate, evaluate, and communicate evidence that can inform both the theory and practice of VR‐based instruction. A total of 149 articles were selected from three major academic databases using search strings and manual screening protocols. The literature analysis emphasized four interrelated aspects of VR‐based instruction: instructional context, instructional design, technological affordances, and research findings. The results revealed evolving trends in the VR literature in terms of publication patterns, pedagogical assumptions, equipment usage, and research methodologies, as well as the contextual factors behind VR adoption in education. Additionally, a meta‐analysis was conducted to examine the efficacy of VR‐based instruction, with results indicating an overall medium effect and several moderating factors. Finally, practical implications and a future research agenda for VR‐based instruction are discussed.
Ferroptosis‐related gene CHAC1 is a valid indicator for the poor prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Deng , Liu Shiwei , Xu Jie , Chen Lei , Xu Chaoliang , Chen Feiteng , Xu Zijie , Zhang Yu , Xia Shujie , Shao Yi , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the validity of CHAC1 for predicting the prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and to explore its therapeutic potential for KIRC, we conducted several bioinformatic analyses using the sequencing data and clinical information derived from online databases. We found CHAC1 is down‐regulated in KIRC samples when compared with normal samples but up‐regulated in KIRC samples with relatively higher malignancy and later stages. Univariate cox analysis and multivariate cox regression analysis were conducted and the results revealed up‐regulated CHAC1 is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of KIRC. Further, the nomogram model based on the result of multivariate cox regression analysis was constructed and effectively predicted patients' 1‐year, 3‐year and 5‐year survival respectively. The correlation analyses showed CHAC1 is associated with the immune pathway markers of memory B cell, natural killer cell and type1 T helper cell as well as the checkpoint genes like ADORA2A, CD200, CD44, CD70, HHLA2, NRP1, PDCD1LG2 and TNFRSF18. Furthermore, experiments in vitro indicated CHAC1 could induce cell death in KIRC cell lines but had limited influence on cell migration and cell invasion. In conclusion, CHAC1 is found a valid indicator for poor prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.
Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention in neonatal intensive care: Recommendations and implementation
Authors: Villanueva Paola , Freyne Bridget , Hickey Leah , Carr Jeremy , Bryant Penelope A 
Published: March 2021

AimTo (i) determine the appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and (ii) assess the impact of a collaborative antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) intervention on prescribing practices.MethodsThe intervention was a weekly AMS audit‐feedback joint ward round (6‐month period) of Neonatology and Infectious Diseases clinicians in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Melbourne, Australia. Antibiotic prescriptions were audited and recommendations delivered in real time. The proportion of recommendations implemented was used to assess acceptability of the intervention.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 23 AMS rounds, during which 249 patients were reviewed at 627 separate episodes. Of these, 233 (37%) episodes were for patients receiving antimicrobials. Of these, 147 (63%) received empirical antimicrobial treatment, 43 (18%) targeted antimicrobial treatment and 43 (18%) antimicrobial prophylaxis. There were 58 (25%) of 233 episodes of inappropriate antibiotic use, and 62 recommendations for improvement. Most common recommendations were to narrow (33/62, 53%) or stop (12/62, 19%) antimicrobials. The majority (45, 73%) of recommendations were accepted, resulting in significant improvement in the proportion of the 233 episodes that had completely appropriate antibiotic prescribing: 175 (75%) to 217 (93%) (relative risk 1.2, 95% confidence intervals 1.1–1.3, P < 0.001).ConclusionsA collaborative audit‐feedback AMS intervention was effective in identifying inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions and impacted positively on treatment plans. Ancillary benefits were improved communication between departments and the revision of antimicrobial prescribing guidelines.
Influence of Social Anxiety on People's Preferences for Robots as Daily Life Communication Partners Among Young Japanese
Authors: Suzuki Tomohiro , Yamada Sachie , Kanda Takayuki , Nomura Tatsuya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigates whether people prefer robots versus humans as communication partners for different roles and situations in daily life, and the influence of social anxiety on people's preferences for robots versus humans among young Japanese. A total of 206 young Japanese (men: 103, women: 103; mean age: 25.2 years, SD = 2.91 years, range: 20–29 years) participated in an online survey and completed items assessing the participants' preferences for robots versus humans as communication partners, as well as a Japanese version of the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale. Results showed that in Japan, a certain number of people preferred robots as communication partners in many roles and situations, and for structured tasks especially. Additionally, social anxiety influenced these preferences. This result suggests that robots would be particularly useful for individuals with high social anxiety.
Use it and bruise it: copulation rates are associated with muscle inflammation across anole lizard species
Authors: Martin K. S. , Kahrl A. F. , Ivanov B. , Johnson M. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe use of skeletal muscles causes cellular damage, a process that leads to inflammation. Although this process is well studied in mammals, it is largely unexplored in other taxa, and the behavioral use of a muscle has not been linked to muscle inflammation in a comparative framework. In this study, we examined the relationship between muscle use and inflammation across 22 anole lizard species. We tested the hypothesis that inflammation in the retractor penis magnus (RPM), a muscle used only during mating, is positively associated with copulation rate and/or with hemipenis size. We measured copulation rates for each species in the field and measured RPM inflammation for both wild‐caught males and, for one species, captive virgin male anoles. We found a positive relationship between RPM inflammation and copulation rate, yet there was no correlation between RPM inflammation and hemipenis size or body size. This finding supports the generality of the relationship between muscle use and inflammation within and across species, suggesting that inflammation could act as a snapshot of recent muscle activity across vertebrate taxa.