bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining Orthodontic Knowledge and Awareness in Young Adults
Authors: Mishra Jyoti , Kapoor Sudhir , Bhagchandani Jitendra , Agarwal Sonahita , Vashishta Vaibhav , Singh Amit Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Aim and Objective: To assess the level of awareness among local adult population (orthodontically untreated) regarding orthodontic treatment and procedures. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned by accessing 100 subjects comprising of 2 groups (50 male and 50 female). After due ethical clearance, a self-structured questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was given to a group of randomly selected 100 individuals with an age range of 20 to 30 years. Results: The overall awareness of orthodontics as a speciality among both the groups was only 52% to 56%. Statistically insignificant difference was found in the knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment among both male and female subjects, that is, Group I and II. Also, those who knew about the orthodontic treatment did not opt for it because of high cost and longer duration involved. Conclusion: More than half of the population is unaware of the scope of orthodontic treatment, and thus, they do not seek any assistance. Hence, more efforts are needed to create awareness about orthodontics and the associated benefits.
Orthodontic Postgraduate Students’ Perception on Didactics and Clinical Training During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Arunachalam Sivakumar , GVD Harsha , Sharan Jitendra , Ghandikota Alekhya , Ram RSVM Raghu , Praveen Gadde 
Published: July 2021

Objective: With the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, orthodontic postgraduate students’ education and clinical training might be affected. The objective of this study was to explore their perception on didactics and clinical training. Materials and Methods: A pretested and validated 26-item online survey that addressed COVID-19’s impact on didactic components and clinical management was sent to postgraduate students in the Indian subcontinent. The survey was available for 3 days, and the responses were collected and analyzed. Results: Overall, 165 out of 244 (67.62%) orthodontic postgraduate students completed the survey. Of them, 88.48% noted that orthodontic education and patient management are at stake because of the ensuing crisis. The majority (66.28%) acknowledged that Internet-based education will become the significant part of postgraduate coursework. With regard to patient care, 80% felt that 2-way communication channels and a guarded approach with strict infection control protocols may be the way forward during the crisis. Many preferred attending patients with space closure stage at the follow-up (51.23%) and to postpone new case start-ups until normalcy returns. About 55% of the respondents felt that clear aligners could transform into a popular orthodontic practice regimen if the crisis continues. Conclusions: Orthodontic postgraduate students were concerned that the crisis would go on and affect their education. They perceived transition of face-to-face didactic learning and summative assessments to online settings as a viable approach during the COVID-19 crisis. They felt that orthodontic clinical training would benefit from teleorthodontic approaches and prioritization of care and its alignment with crowd control.
Early Weightbearing Versus Nonweightbearing After Operative Treatment of an Ankle Fracture: A Multicenter, Noninferiority, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Park Jae Yong , Kim Bom Soo , Kim Yu Mi , Cho Jae Ho , Choi Young Rak , Kim Hyong Nyun 
Published: July 2021

Background: Acute ankle fractures can occur during sports activities, and unstable ankle fractures are commonly treated operatively. However, controversy exists about the optimal time to allow weightbearing. Hypothesis: Early weightbearing after the stable fixation of an ankle fracture is not inferior to nonweightbearing in terms of ankle function assessed at 12 months after injury. Study design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 258 patients were assessed for eligibility. Of these patients, 194 were randomly allocated to either the early weightbearing group (95 patients who were allowed weightbearing at 2 weeks postoperatively) or the nonweightbearing group (99 patients who were not allowed weightbearing until 6 weeks postoperatively). The primary outcome measure was the mean difference in the Olerud-Molander ankle score (OMAS) between the groups, assessed at the 12-month follow-up examination. The secondary outcome measures were the time to return to preinjury activities and patients’ subjective satisfaction. Complications such as hardware loosening or failure, fracture displacement, and nonunion were evaluated. Results: The mean difference in the OMAS for the early weightbearing group compared with the nonweightbearing group was 1.6 (95% CI, –1.9 to 5.0) in the intention-to-treat analysis. The lower limit of the 95% CI (–1.9) exceeded the noninferiority margin of –8, indicating that early weightbearing was not inferior to nonweightbearing. The difference in the proportion of patients who were satisfied or very satisfied with their treatment was not statistically significant (84.3% vs 76.2%; P = .19); however, the time taken to return to preinjury activities was shorter with early weightbearing than with nonweightbearing (9.1 ± 3.0 vs 11.0 ± 3.0 weeks; P < .001). No cases of nonunion were observed in either group. Conclusion: Early weightbearing after the operative treatment of an unstable ankle fracture was not inferior to nonweightbearing in terms of OMAS assessed at 12 months after injury. The patients’ subjective satisfaction was similar between the groups, although the time taken to return to preinjury activities was shorter in the early weightbearing group. Registration: NCT02029170 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
A clinical update on managed care implications for Australian psychiatric practice
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Kisely Stephen R , Bastiampillai Tarun , Pring William , Allison Stephen 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To provide a clinical update on private health insurance in Australia and outline developments in US-style managed care that are likely to affect psychiatric and other specialist healthcare. We explain aspects of the US health system, which has resulted in a powerful and profitable private health insurance sector, and one of the most expensive and inefficient health systems in the world, with limited patient choice in psychiatric treatment. Conclusions: Australian psychiatrists should be aware of changes to private health insurance that emphasise aspects of managed care such as selective contracting, cost-cutting or capitation of services. These approaches may limit access to private hospital care and diminish the autonomy of patients and practitioners in choosing the most appropriate treatment. Australian patients, carers and practitioners need to be informed about the potential impact of private managed care on patient-centred evidence-based treatment.
Phase 3 randomized trial of chemotherapy with or without oblimersen in older AML patients: CALGB 10201 (Alliance)
Authors: Walker Alison R. , Marcucci Guido , Yin Jun , Blum William , Stock Wendy , Kohlschmidt Jessica , Mrózek Krzysztof , Carroll Andrew J. , Eisfeld Ann-Kathrin , Wang Eunice S. , Jacobson Sawyer , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Thakuri Mohan , Sutamtewagul Grerk , Vij Ravi , Stuart Robert K. , Byrd John C. , Bloomfield Clara D. , Stone Richard M. , Larson Richard A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Overexpression of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) renders acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells resistant to chemotherapy and has been associated with unfavorable outcomes. Oblimersen (G3139) is a phosphorothioate 18-mer antisense oligonucleotide directed against the first 6 BCL2 codons. In a phase 1 study of AML patients treated with G3139, cytarabine, and daunorubicin induction with cytarabine consolidation, no antisense-related toxicity was reported, and BCL2 downregulation occurred in patients achieving complete remission. In this phase 3 trial, untreated older AML patients were randomized to cytarabine (100 mg/m2 per day on days 4-10) and daunorubicin (60 mg/m2 per day on days 4-6) followed by cytarabine consolidation (2000 mg/m2 per day on days 4-8) with (arm A) or without (arm B) G3139 (7 mg/m2 per day on days 1-10 [induction] or days 1-8 [consolidation]). A total of 506 patients were enrolled. No differences in toxicity were observed between arms. Estimated overall survival (OS) at 1 year was 43% for arm A and 40% for arm B (1-sided log rank P = .13), with no differences in disease-free (DFS; P = .26) or event-free survival (P = .80). Subgroup analyses showed patients age &lt;70 years in arm A had improved OS by 1 month vs those in arm B (P = .04), and patients with secondary AML in arm A had better DFS vs those in arm B (P = .04). We conclude that addition of G3139 to chemotherapy failed to improve outcomes of older AML patients. However, more effective means of inhibiting BCL2 are showing promising results in combination with chemotherapy in AML. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00085124.
Epidemiological and genomic characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii from different infection sites using comparative genomics
Authors: Bian Xingchen , Liu Xiaofen , Zhang Xuefei , Li Xin , Zhang Jing , Zheng Huajun , Song Sichao , Li Xiang , Feng Meiqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcinetobacter baumanniiis a common nosocomial pathogen that poses a huge threat to global health. Owing to the severity ofA. baumanniiinfections, it became necessary to investigate the epidemiological characteristics ofA. baumanniiin Chinese hospitals and find the reasons for the high antibiotic resistance rate and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic and genetic characteristics ofA. baumanniiisolated from patients with hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP), bloodstream infection (BSI) and urinary tract infection (UTI) in China and uncover potential mechanisms for multi-drug resistance and virulence characteristics ofA. baumanniiisolates.ResultsAll isolates were classified into two primary clades in core gene-based phylogenetic relationship. Clonal complex 208 (CC208) mainly consisted of ST195 (32 %) and ST208 (24.6 %). CC208 and non-CC208 isolates had carbapenem resistance rates of 96.2 and 9.1 %, respectively. Core genes were enriched in ‘Amino acid transport and metabolism’, ‘Translation’, ‘Energy production and conversion’, ‘Transcription’, ‘Inorganic ion transport and metabolism’ and ‘Cell wall/membrane/envelope synthesis’. Most isolates possessed virulence factors related to polysaccharide biosynthesis, capsular polysaccharide synthesis and motility. Eleven isolates belong to ST369 or ST191 (oxford scheme) all had the virulence factorcap8Eand it had a higher positive rate in UTI (35.3 %) than in BSI (18.9 %) and HAP (12.9 %). ABGRI1 antibiotic resistance islands were responsible for streptomycin, tetracycline and sulfonate resistance. TheblaOXA−23gene was the most probable cause for carbapenem resistance, although theblaOXA−66gene with nonsynonymous SNPs (F82L, I129L) was not.ConclusionsA. baumanniiis a genomically variable pathogen that has the potential to cause a range of infectious diseases. There is high proportion of carbapenem resistance in isolates from all three infection sites (HAP, BSI and UTI), which can be attributed to theblaOXA−23gene. CC208 is the predominant clone inblaOXA−23-carryingA. baumanniithat should be monitored. Virulence factors involving bacteria motility and polysaccharide biosynthesis which are widespread in clinicalA. baumanniistrains deserve our attention.
Prevalence of oral human papillomavirus infection among Indian HIV-positive men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hernandez Alexandra L. , Karthik Rajiv , Sivasubramanian Murugesan , Raghavendran Anantharam , Lensing Shelly , Lee Jeannette Y. , Abraham Priya , Mathai Dilip , Palefsky Joel M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been causally linked to a subset of oropharyngeal cancers in Western populations, and both oropharyngeal cancer and oral HPV infection are increased among HIV-positive individuals. India has high incidences of oral and oropharyngeal cancers, and Indian HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at increased risk of developing oropharyngeal cancers. However, there is little information available on the prevalence of oral HPV in this population.

Methods
We tested 302 HIV-positive Indian MSM for oral HPV infection using L1 HPV DNA PCR with probes specific for 29 types and a mixture of 10 additional types. CD4+ level and plasma HIV viral load (VL) were measured. Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire including a sexual history.

Results
The prevalence of oral HPV was 23.7% (95% CI: 19–29%) and 2.4% of participants had oncogenic HPV types. No participants had oral HPV type 16 (HPV-16) and the prevalence of other anogenital HPV types was low. Participants with higher CD4+ levels had reduced odds of having any oral HPV infection (OR: 3.1 [1.4–6.9]) in multivariable analyses.

Conclusions
This is the first report of oral HPV among Indian HIV-positive MSM. Our results show a high prevalence of oral HPV infection consistent with studies from Western populations. However, oncogenic anogenital HPV types were relatively uncommon in our study population. It is unknown what the impact of this distribution of oral HPV will be on oropharyngeal cancers. HIV-positive MSM in India should be monitored closely for oral and oropharyngeal pre-cancer and cancer.
Magnetic resonance imaging-guided lumbar nerve root infiltrations: optimization of an in-house protocol
Authors: Scheffler Max , Guillemin Pauline Coralie , Lorton Orane , Maturana Enrique , Lauper Nicolas , Dominguez Dennis E. , Terraz Sylvain , Poletti Pierre-Alexandre , Salomir Rares , Boudabbous Sana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
For the treatment of radicular pain, nerve root infiltrations can be performed under MRI guidance in select, typically younger, patients where repeated CT exams are not desirable due to associated radiation risk, or potential allergic reactions to iodinated contrast medium.

Methods
Fifteen 3 T MRI-guided nerve root infiltrations were performed in 12 patients with a dedicated surface coil combined with the standard spine coil, using a breathhold PD sequence. The needle artifact on the MR images and the distance between the needle tip and the infiltrated nerve root were measured.

Results
The distance between the needle tip and the nerve root was 2.1 ± 1.4 mm. The visual artifact width, perpendicular to the needle long axis, was 2.1 ± 0.7 mm. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusion
This technical note describes the optimization of the procedure in a 3 T magnetic field, including reported procedure time and an assessment of targeting precision.
Myasthenia gravis associated with renal cell carcinoma: a paraneoplastic syndrome or just a coincidence
Authors: Zheng Yiming , Luo Jingjing , Jin Haiqiang , Liu Ran , Hao Hongjun , Gao Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyasthenia gravis (MG) can occur as a paraneoplastic phenomenon associated with thymoma. The association of MG with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not clear. Herein, we describe six cases of MG associated with RCC.MethodsThere were 283 patients diagnosed with MG admitted to our hospital from 2014 to 2019. Among them, 6 patients also had RCC. None of them had immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies. We performed a retrospective clinical data collection and follow-up studies of these 6 patients.ResultsThese 6 patients with an average MG onset age of 61.3 ± 13.3 years, were all positive for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. MG symptoms appeared after RCC resection in 3 cases. RCC was discovered after the onset of MG in 2 cases, and synchronously with MG in 1 case. After nephrectomy, the MG symptoms showed a stable complete remission in 1 case. Among them, four patients met the diagnostic criteria of possible paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.ConclusionsExcept for thymoma, patients with MG should pay attention to other tumors including RCC. MG may be a paraneoplastic syndrome of RCC, and further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship.
Depression and HIV associated neurocognitive disorders among HIV infected adults in rural southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional quantitative study
Authors: Namagga Jane Kasozi , Rukundo Godfrey Zari , Niyonzima Vallence , Voss Joachim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND remains a pronounced consequence of HIV/AIDS despite improved life expectancies. This is often associated with several dysfunctions such as decrease of attention, mood alterations and psychomotor disturbances. Many factors, including age, gender, employment status, and psychiatric disorders, have been associated with HAND. Among the associated psychiatric disorders, depression is often more prevalent. It can influence not only quality of life, relationships and employment but also adherence to medical care. We assessed the prevalence of depression and its association with HAND among people living with HIV in rural Southwestern Uganda.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that used Beck Depression Inventory-1 and International HIV Dementia Scale to assess depression and HAND respectively. We defined depression with a score of > 10 and HAND with a cutoff score of ≤10. We conducted data analysis using STATA version 12, and Pearson Chi-square test and logistic regression to determine associations between depression and HAND. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Ethical approval and administrative clearance were obtained from relevant bodies.

Results
Of the 393 participants assessed for depression and HAND, 27% had depression and 58.3% screened positive for HAND. All levels of depression were more prevalent among female participants. We found a significant association between depression and HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (χ2 (3) = 9.0538 p = 0.029).

Conclusion
Our findings confirmed a high prevalence of depression in individuals with HAND which is a major component of the disease burden.
Feeling matters: perceived social support moderates the relationship between personal relative deprivation and depressive symptoms
Authors: Zhao Sibo , Peng Li 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Little research describes the mechanisms underlying depressive symptoms and personal relative deprivation in Chinese populations.

Methods
In this study, the respondents were (N = 914) residents of Beijing (17–59 years old) and robust multiple linear regressions were used to assess the main relationship between relative deprivation and depressive symptoms and social support as a potential moderator for that relationship.

Results
Individuals who reported higher personal relative deprivation had greater depressive symptoms than those who reported lower personal relative deprivation. Perceived social support buffered the relationship between depressive symptoms and personal relative deprivation.

Conclusions
The findings of this current study demonstrate the importance of relative deprivation for psychological strain and income in explaining how socioeconomic indices correlate with depressive symptoms. They also demonstrate the need to acknowledge the interaction of perceived social support and personal relative deprivation for influencing depression.
Factors influencing utilization and perception of health care: a qualitative study among traumatized Yazidi refugees in Germany
Authors: Tran Virginia M. , Fozouni Laila , Denkinger Jana K. , Rometsch Caroline , Junne Florian , Vinck Patrick , Pham Phuong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Ensuring adequate utilization of healthcare services for displaced populations is critical, yet there are well-documented treatment gaps. Yazidi women captured by the Islamic State (IS) were subjected to extreme trauma and violence. This study aims to understand perceptions of healthcare providers and utilization of these services among women who experienced extreme trauma.

Methods
This is a qualitative study with voluntary participation offered to approximately 400 women resettled through the Special Quota Program. An empirical approach was used to collect data and a grounded theory approach was used for content analysis. Participants ranked their interactions with providers on a Likert scale. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed using the impact of event scale-revised questionnaire.

Results
A total of 116 Yazidi women participated in this study. The women experienced an average of 6.8 months of captivity by IS and 93% met criteria for probable PTSD. Eighty-three percent of the women interacted with a physician; 80% found this interaction helpful. Sixty-nine percent interacted with psychologists; 61% found this interaction helpful. Six themes emerged: “reminders of trauma” and “hopelessness” in relation to the traumatic experience; “immediate relief” and “healing through pharmaceutical treatment” in relation to provider interventions, and “support” and “cultural differences” in relation to interactions with providers.

Conclusions
There exist major barriers to care for Yazidi women who experienced extreme trauma, particularly in regards to psychiatric care. Perceptions of healthcare providers and perceived effectiveness of therapy are critical factors that must be taken into consideration to improve healthcare utilization and outcomes.