bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health and coping strategies during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study of unemployed and employed people in Nigeria
Authors: Ogueji Ifeanyichukwu Anthony , Agberotimi Samson Femi , Adesanya Bolaji Johnson , Gidado Taiwo Nurudeen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) significantly disrupted human activities all over the world. Despite this, little or nothing is known about mental health and coping strategies during the COVID‐19 pandemic among the unemployed and employed people in Nigeria. Therefore, this study was an effort towards bridging this knowledge gap. We employed a qualitative design with 66 participants (age range = 18–62 years) who described how the COVID‐19 pandemic affected their mental health and how they coped during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Our findings revealed distressing impacts (e.g., depressive and anxious impacts, stress, loss of job, financial challenges, loneliness, etc.) for the unemployed and employed groups. Further, the unemployed group utilized more positive coping strategies (e.g., engaging in activities, hope, relaxation, connecting with others, etc.) than the employed group; whereas, only the employed group utilized a maladaptive coping strategy (alcohol consumption). These data have practical implications for protecting mental health and fostering positive coping in these groups during and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Deletion or inhibition of prolyl oligopeptidase blocks lithium‐induced phosphorylation of GSK3b and Akt by activation of protein phosphatase 2A
Authors: Myöhänen Timo T. , Mertens Freke , Norrbacka Susanna , Cui Hengjing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlterations in prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) activity have been connected, for example, with bipolar and major depressive disorder, and several studies have reported that lack or inhibition of PREP blocks the effects of lithium on inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate (IP3) levels. However, the impact of PREP modulation on other intracellular targets of lithium, such as glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3b) or protein kinase B (Akt), has not been studied. We recently found that PREP regulates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and because GSK3b and Akt are PP2A substrates, we studied if PREP‐related lithium insensitivity is dependent on PP2A. To assess this, HEK‐293 and SH‐SY5Y cells with PREP deletion or PREP inhibition (KYP‐2047) were exposed to lithium, and thereafter, the phosphorylation levels of GSK3b and Akt were measured by Western blot. As expected, PREP deletion and inhibition blocked the lithium‐induced phosphorylation on GSK3b and Akt in both cell lines. When lithium exposure was combined with okadaic acid, a PP2A inhibitor, KYP‐2047 did not have effect on lithium‐induced GSK3b and Akt phosphorylation. Therefore, we conclude that PREP deletion or inhibition blocks the intracellular effects of lithium on GSK3b and Akt via PP2A activation.
Integration of survival data from multiple studies
Authors: Ventz Steffen , Mazumder Rahul , Trippa Lorenzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe introduce a statistical procedure that integrates datasets from multiple biomedical studies to predict patients' survival, based on individual clinical and genomic profiles. The proposed procedure accounts for potential differences in the relation between predictors and outcomes across studies, due to distinct patient populations, treatments and technologies to measure outcomes and biomarkers. These differences are modeled explicitly with study‐specific parameters. We use hierarchical regularization to shrink the study‐specific parameters towards each other and to borrow information across studies. The estimation of the study‐specific parameters utilizes a similarity matrix, which summarizes differences and similarities of the relations between covariates and outcomes across studies. We illustrate the method in a simulation study and using a collection of gene expression datasets in ovarian cancer. We show that the proposed model increases the accuracy of survival predictions compared to alternative meta‐analytic methods.
Tenorio syndrome: Description of 14 novel cases and review of the clinical and molecular features
Authors: Tenorio‐Castaño Jair Antonio , Arias Pedro , Fernández‐Jaén Alberto , Lay‐Son Guillermo , Bueno‐Lozano Gloria , Bayat Allan , Faivre Laurence , Gallego Natalia , Ramos Sergio , Butler Kameryn M. , Morel Chantal , Hadjiyannakis Stasia , Lespinasse James , Tran‐Mau‐Them Frederic , Santos‐Simarro Fernando , Pinson Lucile , Martínez‐Monseny Antonio Federico , O'Callaghan Cord María del Mar , Álvarez Sara , Stolerman Elliot S. , Washington Camerun , Ramos Feliciano J. , The S. O. G. R. I. Consortium  , Lapunzina Pablo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTenorio syndrome (TNORS) (OMIM #616260) is a relatively recent disorder with very few cases described so far. Clinical features included macrocephaly, intellectual disability, hypotonia, enlarged ventricles and autoimmune diseases. Molecular underlying mechanism demonstrated missense variants and a large deletion encompassing RNF125, a gene that encodes for an U3 ubiquitin ligase protein. Since the initial description of the disorder in six patients from four families, several new patients were diagnosed, adding more evidence to the clinical spectrum. In this article, we described 14 additional cases with deep phenotyping and make an overall review of all the cases with pathogenic variants in RNF125. Not all patients presented with overgrowth, but instead, most patients showed a common pattern of neurodevelopmental disease, macrocephaly and/or large forehead. Segregation analysis showed that, though the variant was inherited in some patients from an apparently asymptomatic parent, deep phenotyping suggested a mild form of the disease in some of them. The mechanism underlying the development of this disease is not well understood yet and the report of further cases will help to a better understanding and clinical characterization of the syndrome.
Acute changes in muscle thickness, edema, and blood flow are not different between low‐load blood flow restriction and non‐blood flow restriction
Authors: Hill Ethan C. , Housh Terry J. , Smith Cory M. , Keller Joshua L. , Anders John Paul V. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the acute changes in muscle swelling (as assessed by muscle thickness and echo intensity) and muscle blood flow associated with an acute bout of low‐load blood flow restriction (LLBFR) and low‐load non‐blood flow restriction (LL) exercise. Twenty women (mean ± SD; 22 ± 2years) volunteered to perform an acute exercise bout that consisted of 75 (1 × 30, 3 × 15) isokinetic, reciprocal, concentric‐only, submaximal (30% of peak torque), forearm flexion and extension muscle actions. Pretest, immediately after (posttest), and 5‐min after (recovery) completing the 75 repetitions, muscle thickness and echo intensity were assessed from the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles and muscle blood flow was assessed from the brachial artery. There were no between group differences for any of the dependent variables, but there were significant simple and main effects for muscle and time. Biceps and triceps brachii muscle thickness increased from pretest (2.13 ± 0.39 cm and 1.88 ± 0.40 cm, respectively) to posttest (2.58 ± 0.49 cm and 2.17 ± 0.43 cm, respectively) for both muscles and remained elevated for the biceps brachii (2.53 ± 0.43 cm), but partially returned to pretest levels for the triceps brachii (2.06 ± 0.41 cm). Echo intensity and muscle blood flow increased from pretest (98.0 ± 13.6 Au and 94.5 ± 31.6 ml min−1, respectively) to posttest (109.2 ± 16.9 Au and 312.2 ± 106.5 ml min−1, respectively) and pretest to recovery (110.1 ± 18.3 Au and 206.7 ± 92.9 ml min−1, respectively) and remained elevated for echo intensity, but partially returned to pretest levels for muscle blood flow. The findings of the present study indicated that LLBFR and LL elicited comparable acute responses as a result of reciprocal, concentric‐only, forearm flexion and extension muscle actions.
The importance of future generations and conflict management in conservation
Authors: Lewis‐Brown Emily , Beatty Hope , Davis Katrina , Rabearisoa Ando , Ramiaramanana Jeannot , Mascia Michael B. , Mills Morena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe need to scale‐up conservation initiatives is widely accepted, but understanding how to catalyze the adoption of conservation initiatives remains elusive. To address this challenge, we used diffusion of innovation theory and Best‐Worst Scaling experiments to rank the factors that influence the adoption of Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) by villages in north Madagascar. The most important driver for respondents to adopt LMMAs was the wellbeing of future generations, while the most important barrier was conflict within and between villages that could arise from the adoption of LMMAs. This emphasis on the benefits and costs of adoption is consistent with diffusion of innovation theory. However, our results indicate that people's intrinsic values (e.g., benevolence and peace) were more important to survey respondents in the adoption of LMMAs than is generally reported in the diffusion of innovation literature. Concerns about conflict from LMMAs and the distribution of livestock incentives warrant further consideration to support the adoption of this conservation initiative in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. Our study can guide future conservation research and practice to identify the “best” and “worst” attributes of LMMAs and other initiatives to increase the adoption of conservation.
Incidence of early diaphragmatic dysfunction after lung transplantation: results of a prospective observational study
Authors: Crothers Elise , Kennedy David S. , Emmanuel Sam , Molan Nikki , Scott Sean , Rogers Kris , Glanville Allan R. , Ntoumenopoulos George 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiaphragmatic dysfunction is common after cardiothoracic surgery, but few studies report its incidence and consequences after lung transplantation. We aimed to estimate the incidence of diaphragmatic dysfunction using ultrasound in lung transplant patients up to 3 months postoperatively and evaluated the impact on clinical outcomes.MethodsThis was a single‐center prospective observational cohort study of 27 lung transplant recipients using diaphragmatic ultrasound preoperatively, at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Diaphragmatic dysfunction was defined as excursion < 10 mm in men and < 9 mm in women during quiet breathing. Clinical outcomes measured included duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay (LOS) in Intensive Care (ICU), and hospital LOS.ResultsSixty‐two percentage of recipients experienced new, postoperative diaphragmatic dysfunction, but the prevalence fell to 22% at 3 months. No differences in clinical outcomes were found between those with diaphragmatic dysfunction compared to those without. Patients who experienced diaphragmatic dysfunction at 1 day postoperatively were younger and had a lower BMI than those who did not.ConclusionsDiaphragmatic dysfunction is common after lung transplant, improves significantly within 3 months, and did not impact negatively on duration of mechanical ventilation, LOS in ICU or hospital, or discharge destination.
Teaching Bayesian and Markov methods in business analytics curricula: An integrated approach
Authors: Johnson Marina E. , Misra Ram , Berenson Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the era of artificial intelligence (AI), big data (BD), and digital transformation (DT), analytics students should gain the ability to solve business problems by integrating various methods. This teaching brief illustrates how two such methods—Bayesian analysis and Markov chains—can be combined to enhance student learning using the Analytics Project Life Cycle Management (APLCM) approach and a case study involving qualitative forecasting. The theoretical frameworks for combining Bayesian and Markov methods are developed, and a forecasting solution is implemented in both MS Excel and Python. Based on an assessment of student learning, applying this pedagogical approach helps students better use these disjoint methods and appreciate the value of integrating them. Although this teaching brief is designed and most appropriate for graduate students with previous BA courses, it can also be used in upper‐level courses within an undergraduate BA curriculum. Finally, this teaching brief provides the instructors wishing to use this pedagogical approach in their appropriate courses with the necessary resources (i.e., case study, in‐class example, and the MS Excel and Python templates).
Social punishment for breaching restrictions during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Takahashi Ryo , Tanaka Kenta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn response to the novel coronavirus outbreak, the Japanese government requested the temporary closure of businesses. Consequently, complying with restrictions came to be recognized as the social norm, and stores that continued with business as usual were seen as norm‐breakers. This study empirically investigates costly punishment behavior for stores' violation of restrictions and how this behavior changes when a decision‐maker receives information pertaining to contrasting norms, implicitly requiring the opposite response. By implementing joy‐of‐destruction minigames, we found that costly punishment behavior for norm‐breakers was significantly stimulated (by approximately 11%) but not increased when additional information was provided.
How does the solitary beeCentris(Heterocentris)analis(Fabricius) find its nest?
Authors: Antunes Pedro R. , Telles Francismeire J. , Rodríguez‐Gironés Miguel A. , Augusto Solange C. 
Published: July 2021

1. The knowledge of the sensory and cognitive abilities of insects is mostly restricted to studies withDrosophilaand social hymenopteran species. Here, we investigated how a truly solitary bee localises and identifies its nest when spatial, chromatic, and chemical cues from and around its nest are manipulated.2. Our setup consisted of 30 standardised trap‐nests made of bamboo canes, inserted in a vertical grey panel. After choosing a cane and memorising its initial position, returning females ofCentris analiswere individually presented to a new arrangement and had to rely on their sensory abilities to localise and recognise their own nests. During consecutive foraging trips, we tested the capacity of the bees for associative learning and the relative importance of visual cues, either spatial or chromatic, and chemical information, alone or in combination. We recorded the certainty of bees, their returns to the previous nest position (PNP) and the time needed to find their nests.3. Nests associated with a coloured stimulus resulted in the highest certainty when compared with treatments based on learning a new spatial position and/or a possible chemical profile of the nests. Time differences among treatments were mostly between those with and without a coloured stimulus. Returns to the PNP were higher when the precedent treatment was based on a fixed position.4.Centris analishave demonstrated to be flexible learners and to rely strongly on spatial and visual information, having odour as a secondary cue only used during nest identification.
Cannabidiol for at risk for psychosis youth: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Amminger G. Paul , Lin Ashleigh , Kerr Melissa , Weller Amber , Spark Jessica , Pugh Charlotte , O'Callaghan Sally , Berger Maximus , Clark Scott R. , Scott James G. , Baker Andrea , McGregor Iain , Cotter David , Sarnyai Zoltan , Thompson Andrew , Yung Alison R. , O'Donoghue Brian , Killackey Eoin , Mihalopoulos Cathy , Yuen Hok Pan , Nelson Barnaby , McGorry Patrick D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNo biological treatment has been firmly established for the at‐risk stage of psychotic disorder. In this study we aim to test if subthreshold psychotic symptoms can be effectively treated with cannabidiol (CBD), a non‐psychoactive compound of the plant Cannabis sativa. The question has taken on increased importance in the wake of evidence questioning both the need and efficacy of specific pharmacological interventions in the ultra‐high risk (UHR) for psychosis group.MethodsThree‐arm randomized controlled trial of 405 patients (135 per arm) aged 12–25 years who meet UHR for psychosis criteria. The study includes a 6‐week lead‐in phase during which 10% of UHR individuals are expected to experience symptom remission. Participants will receive CBD (per oral) at doses 600 or 1000 mg per day (fixed schedule) for 12 weeks. Participants in the third arm of the trial will receive matching placebo capsules. Primary outcome is severity of positive psychotic symptoms as measured by the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States at 12 weeks. We hypothesize that CBD will be significantly more effective than placebo in improving positive psychotic symptoms in UHR patients. All participants will also be followed up 6 months post baseline to evaluate if treatment effects are sustained.ConclusionThis paper reports on the rationale and protocol of the Cannabidiol for At Risk for psychosis Youth (CanARY) study. This study will test CBD for the first time in the UHR phase of psychotic disorder.
Ligustilide enhances hippocampal neural stem cells activation to restore cognitive function in the context of postoperative cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Sun Jing , Zhou Xiang , Wu Jusheng , Xiao Renjie , Chen Yong , Lu Yimei , Lang Haili 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLigustilide exerts potential neuroprotective effects against various cerebral ischaemic insults and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the function and mechanisms of LIG‐mediated hippocampal neural stem cells (H‐NSCs) activation as well as cognitive recovery in the context of post‐operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) remain elusive and need to be explored. Mice were subjected to transient global cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion (tGCI/R) injury and treated with LIG (80 mg/kg) or vehicle for 1 month. Morris water maze test and western blot were employed to assess cognitive function. Nissl staining and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were used to detect H‐NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis in hippocampus. Subsequently, primary H‐NSCs were treated with LIG, and the level of H‐NSCs proliferation and neuronal‐differentiation was examined by IF staining for Edu and β‐Tubulin III. The protein levels of ERK1/2, β‐catenin, NICD, TLR4, Akt and FoxO1 were examined using western blotting. Finally, pretreatment with the ERK agonist SCH772984 was performed to observe the change in ERK expression. LIG treatment promoted H‐NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis, increased the number of neurons in the hippocampal subfields, and ultimately reversed cognitive impairment in tGCI/R injury. Furthermore, LIG also promoted primary H‐NSCs proliferation and neuronal‐differentiation, as well as ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Pretreatment with SCH772984 effectively reversed the ability of LIG to induce ERK1/2 phosphorylation and promote H‐NSCs proliferation and neuronal‐differentiation. LIG can promote cognitive recovery after tGCI/R injury by activating ERK1/2 in H‐NSCs to promote their proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Therefore, LIG has potential for use in the prevention and/or treatment of POCD.
Patterns and drivers of phylogenetic structure of pteridophytes in China
Authors: Qian Hong , Kessler Michael , Deng Tao , Jin Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimPrevious studies have found strikingly different geographical patterns of phylogenetic diversity of gymnosperms and angiosperms, which have been suggested to result, in part, from the greater age of the former. To assess the effects of clade age on phylogenetic structure, we assessed phylodiversity patterns of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns), which combine ancient and modern lineages, across China.LocationChina.Time periodPresent day.TaxonPteridophytes.MethodsWe divided China into 66 regions and collated species lists of pteridophytes for each region. We then related taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, and their related metrics, to six climatic variables for pteridophytes as a whole and for different evolutionary clades. We examined the effect of spatial autocorrelation among regional floras on the results.ResultsWe found that when all pteridophytes or ferns were considered, the patterns resembled those of gymnosperms, presumably reflecting the effects of several ancient global mass extinctions and the relict distribution of old families. In contrast, when we considered only the modern Polypodiales radiation, which accounts for three‐quarters of current fern diversity and is about as old as the angiosperm radiation, we found a pattern similar to that of angiosperms. This pattern is consistent with the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis and suggests that both major groups of land plants have a broadly similar evolutionary trajectory, with most families originating in tropical conditions and few families adapting to cold and arid conditions.Main conclusionsOur study shows that the phylogenetic structures of more recently evolved and diversified clades of pteridophytes are fairly consistent with the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis, suggesting that the age of the taxon, its physiological adaptations and the global climatic changes that it experienced during its evolutionary history are reflected in the composition of current plant assemblages.
Ostomy prevalence and survival in elderly patients with stage III and IV rectal cancer
Authors: Badic Bogdan , Oguer Maude , Cariou Melanie , Kermarrec Tiphaine , Bouzeloc Servane , Nousbaum Jean‐Baptiste , Robaszkiewicz Michel , Quénéhervé Lucille 
Published: July 2021

AimOncological strategies in the elderly population are often debated. The objective of this study was to investigate the survival rates and prevalence of ostomy in elderly patients operated on for stage III and IV rectal cancers.MethodsThis retrospective multicentric population‐based study included 151 patients aged ≥75 years with stage III and IV rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2014. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the impact of different prognostic factors.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 81 years (range: 75–97 years) with 40 patients >85 years of age. Age was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) in both stage III and IV cancers (P < 0.001). For patients ≥80 years the presence of comorbid conditions was associated with a lower chance of survival (P = 0.02). A digestive stoma was created in 67 (76.1%) patients with stage III cancer and 26 (29.54%) had a stoma reversal. A palliative derivative stoma was performed in half of patients with stage IV cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy was independently associated with improved 5‐year OS (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAge, comorbidities and adjuvant chemotherapy were independent predictors for OS. Resection of rectal tumors in fit elderly patients should be promoted; however, patients should be aware of the high risk of stoma. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 670–675.