bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast sensitivity and higher-order aberrations in Keratoconus subjects
Authors: Shneor Einat , Piñero David P. , Doron Ravid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the relationship between contrast-sensitivity and higher-order aberrations (HOA) in mild and subclinical-keratoconus in subjects with good visual-acuity (VA). Keratoconus group (including subclinical-keratoconus) and controls underwent autokeratometry, corneal-tomography, autorefraction and HOA measurement. Contrast-sensitivity was tested using a psychophysical two-alternative forced-choice Gabor patches in three blocks (6, 9, 12 cycles/deg). Controls were compared to the keratoconus group and to a keratoconus subgroup with VA of 0.00 LogMar group ("keratoconus-0.00VA"). Spearman correlation tested association between HOA and contrast-sensitivity. Twenty-two keratoconus subjects (38 eyes: 28 keratoconus, 10 subclinical-keratoconus, 20 keratoconus-0.00VA) and 35 controls were included. There was a significant difference between control and keratoconus, and between control and keratoconus-0.00VA, for keratometry, cylinder, thinnest and central corneal thickness (p < 0.001). Controls showed lower HOA and higher contrast-sensitivity for all spatial-frequencies (p < 0.001). Most HOA were negatively correlated with contrast-sensitivity for all spatial-frequencies for keratoconus group and for 9 and 12 cycles/deg for keratoconus-0.00VA. Keratoconus subjects with good VA showed reduction in contrast-sensitivity and increased HOAs compared to controls. HOA and contrast-sensitivity are inversely correlated in subjects with mild keratoconus despite good VA. This suggests that the main mechanism underlying the decreased vision quality in keratoconus is the increase of HOA.
Genetic diversity and molecular evolution of human respiratory syncytial virus A and B
Authors: Yu Jie-Mei , Fu Yuan-Hui , Peng Xiang-Lei , Zheng Yan-Peng , He Jin-Sheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs) are classified into two major groups (A and B) based on antigenic differences in the G glycoprotein. To investigate circulating characteristics and phylodynamic history of RSV, we analyzed the genetic variability and evolutionary pattern of RSVs from 1977 to 2019 in this study. The results revealed that there was no recombination event of intergroup. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed through the genome with the highest occurrence rate in the G gene. Five and six sites in G protein of RSV-A and RSV-B, respectively, were further identified with a strong positive selection. The mean evolutionary rates for RSV-A and -B were estimated to be 1.48 × 10–3 and 1.92 × 10–3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year, respectively. The Bayesian skyline plot showed a constant population size of RSV-A and a sharp expansion of population size of RSV-B since 2005, and an obvious decrease 5 years later, then became stable again. The total population size of RSVs showed a similar tendency to that of RSV-B. Time-scaled phylogeny suggested a temporal specificity of the RSV-genotypes. Monitoring nucleotide changes and analyzing evolution pattern for RSVs could give valuable insights for vaccine and therapy strategies against RSV infection.
Reconstruction algorithm for tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric-field
Authors: Cho Wosik , Shin Jeong-uk , Kim Kyung Taec 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a reconstruction algorithm developed for the temporal characterization method called tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric field (TIPTOE). The reconstruction algorithm considers the high-order contribution of an additional laser pulse to ionization, enabling the use of an intense additional laser pulse. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio of the TIPTOE measurement is improved by at least one order of magnitude compared to the first-order approximation. In addition, the high-order contribution provides additional information regarding the pulse envelope. The reconstruction algorithm was tested with ionization yields obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The optimal conditions for accurate reconstruction were analyzed. The reconstruction algorithm was also tested using experimental data obtained using few-cycle laser pulses. The reconstructed pulses obtained under different dispersion conditions exhibited good consistency. These results confirm the validity and accuracy of the reconstruction process.
Synthesis of [211At]4-astato-L-phenylalanine by dihydroxyboryl-astatine substitution reaction in aqueous solution
Authors: Shirakami Yoshifumi , Watabe Tadashi , Obata Honoka , Kaneda Kazuko , Ooe Kazuhiro , Liu Yuwei , Teramoto Takahiro , Toyoshima Atsushi , Shinohara Atsushi , Shimosegawa Eku , Hatazawa Jun , Fukase Koichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAstatine-211 (211At)-labeled phenylalanine is expected to be a promising agent for targeted alpha-particle therapy for the treatment of patients with glioma. The existing reactions to prepare the labeled compound usually require organic solvents and metals that are toxic and hazardous to the environment. In this study, we developed a novel method wherein astatination was realized via the substitution of 211At for a dihydroxyboryl group coupled to phenylalanine. [211At]4-astato-L-phenylalanine was obtained as the carrier-free product in aqueous medium in high radiochemical yields (98.1 ± 1.9%, n = 5). The crude reaction mixture was purified by solid-phase extraction, and the radiochemical purity of the product was 99.3 ± 0.7% (n = 5). The high yield and purity were attributed to the formation of [211At]AtI and AtI2− as the reactive intermediates in the astatination reaction. The reaction did not require any organic solvents or toxic reagents, suggesting that this method is suitable for clinical applications.
Full-length transcriptome analysis provides new insights into the early bolting occurrence in medicinal Angelica sinensis
Authors: Gao Xue , Guo Fengxia , Chen Yuan , Bai Gang , Liu Yuxiao , Jin Jianqin , Wang Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAngelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels root part is an integral component of traditional Chinese medicine, widely prescribed to improve blood circulation and blood stasis. However, early bolting of A. sinensis compromises the quality of the roots and hence is a major limitation for yield of medicinal materials. To date, little information about the molecular mechanisms underlying bolting is available for this important medicinal plant. To identify genes putatively involved in early bolting, we have conducted the transcriptome analysis of the shoot tips of the early-bolting plants and non-bolting (normal) plants of A. sinensis, respectively, using a combination of third-generation sequencing and next-generation sequencing. A total of 43,438 non-redundant transcripts were collected and 475 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene annotation and functional analyses revealed that DEGs were highly involved in plant hormone signaling and biosynthesis pathways, three main flowering pathways, pollen formation, and very-long-chain fatty acids biosynthesis pathways. The levels of endogenous hormones were also changed significantly in the early bolting stage of A. sinensis. This study provided new insights into the transcriptomic control of early bolting in A. sinensis, which could be further applied to enhance the yield of medicinally important raw materials.
DYW domain structures imply an unusual regulation principle in plant organellar RNA editing catalysis
Authors: Takenaka Mizuki , Takenaka Sachi , Barthel Tatjana , Frink Brody , Haag Sascha , Verbitskiy Daniil , Oldenkott Bastian , Schallenberg-Rüdinger Mareike , Feiler Christian G. , Weiss Manfred S. , Palm Gottfried J. , Weber Gert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRNA editosomes selectively deaminate cytidines to uridines in plant organellar transcripts—mostly to restore protein functionality and consequently facilitate mitochondrial and chloroplast function. The RNA editosomal pentatricopeptide repeat proteins serve target RNA recognition, whereas the intensively studied DYW domain elicits catalysis. Here we present structures and functional data of a DYW domain in an inactive ground state and activated. DYW domains harbour a cytidine deaminase fold and a C-terminal DYW motif, with catalytic and structural zinc atoms, respectively. A conserved gating domain within the deaminase fold regulates the active site sterically and mechanistically in a process that we termed gated zinc shutter. Based on the structures, an autoinhibited ground state and its activation are cross-validated by RNA editing assays and differential scanning fluorimetry. We anticipate that, in vivo, the framework of an active plant RNA editosome triggers the release of DYW autoinhibition to ensure a controlled and coordinated cytidine deamination playing a key role in mitochondrial and chloroplast homeostasis.
Guard cells control hypocotyl elongation through HXK1, HY5, and PIF4
Authors: Kelly Gilor , Brandsma Danja , Egbaria Aiman , Stein Ofer , Doron-Faigenboim Adi , Lugassi Nitsan , Belausov Eduard , Zemach Hanita , Shaya Felix , Carmi Nir , Sade Nir , Granot David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe hypocotyls of germinating seedlings elongate in a search for light to enable autotrophic sugar production. Upon exposure to light, photoreceptors that are activated by blue and red light halt elongation by preventing the degradation of the hypocotyl-elongation inhibitor HY5 and by inhibiting the activity of the elongation-promoting transcription factors PIFs. The question of how sugar affects hypocotyl elongation and which cell types stimulate and stop that elongation remains unresolved. We found that overexpression of a sugar sensor, Arabidopsis hexokinase 1 (HXK1), in guard cells promotes hypocotyl elongation under white and blue light through PIF4. Furthermore, expression ofPIF4in guard cells is sufficient to promote hypocotyl elongation in the light, while expression ofHY5in guard cells is sufficient to inhibit the elongation of thehy5mutant and the elongation stimulated byHXK1. HY5 exits the guard cells and inhibits hypocotyl elongation, but is degraded in the dark. We also show that the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by guard cells’ HY5 involves auto-activation ofHY5expression in other tissues. It appears that guard cells are capable of coordinating hypocotyl elongation and that sugar andHXK1have the opposite effect of light on hypocotyl elongation, converging at PIF4.
Fascin1 empowers YAP mechanotransduction and promotes cholangiocarcinoma development
Authors: Pocaterra Arianna , Scattolin Gloria , Romani Patrizia , Ament Cindy , Ribback Silvia , Chen Xin , Evert Matthias , Calvisi Diego F. , Dupont Sirio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMechanical forces control cell behavior, including cancer progression. Cells sense forces through actomyosin to activate YAP. However, the regulators of F-actin dynamics playing relevant roles during mechanostransduction in vitro and in vivo remain poorly characterized. Here we identify the Fascin1 F-actin bundling protein as a factor that sustains YAP activation in response to ECM mechanical cues. This is conserved in the mouse liver, where Fascin1 regulates YAP-dependent phenotypes, and in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Moreover, this is relevant for liver tumorigenesis, because Fascin1 is required in the AKT/NICD cholangiocarcinogenesis model and it is sufficient, together with AKT, to induce cholangiocellular lesions in mice, recapitulating genetic YAP requirements. In support of these findings, Fascin1 expression in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas strongly correlates with poor patient prognosis. We propose that Fascin1 represents a pro-oncogenic mechanism that can be exploited during intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma development to overcome a mechanical tumor-suppressive environment.
Layer-resolved many-electron interactions in delafossite PdCoO2 from standing-wave photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Lu Qiyang , Martins Henrique , Kahk Juhan Matthias , Rimal Gaurab , Oh Seongshik , Vishik Inna , Brahlek Matthew , Chueh William C. , Lischner Johannes , Nemsak Slavomir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen a three-dimensional material is constructed by stacking different two-dimensional layers into an ordered structure, new and unique physical properties can emerge. An example is the delafossite PdCoO2, which consists of alternating layers of metallic Pd and Mott-insulating CoO2 sheets. To understand the nature of the electronic coupling between the layers that gives rise to the unique properties of PdCoO2, we revealed its layer-resolved electronic structure combining standing-wave X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio many-body calculations. Experimentally, we have decomposed the measured VB spectrum into contributions from Pd and CoO2 layers. Computationally, we find that many-body interactions in Pd and CoO2 layers are highly different. Holes in the CoO2 layer interact strongly with charge-transfer excitons in the same layer, whereas holes in the Pd layer couple to plasmons in the Pd layer. Interestingly, we find that holes in states hybridized across both layers couple to both types of excitations (charge-transfer excitons or plasmons), with the intensity of photoemission satellites being proportional to the projection of the state onto a given layer. This establishes satellites as a sensitive probe for inter-layer hybridization. These findings pave the way towards a better understanding of complex many-electron interactions in layered quantum materials.
Emergent “core communities” of microbes, meiofauna and macrofauna at hydrothermal vents
Authors: Murdock S A , Tunnicliffe V , Boschen-Rose R E , Juniper S K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Assessment of ecosystem health entails consideration of species interactions within and between size classes to determine their contributions to ecosystem function. Elucidating microbial involvement in these interactions requires tools to distil diverse microbial information down to relevant, manageable elements. We used covariance ratios (proportionality) between pairs of species and patterns of enrichment to identify “core communities” of likely interacting microbial (&lt;64 µm), meiofaunal (64 µm to 1 mm) and macrofaunal (&gt;1 mm) taxa within assemblages hosted by a foundation species, the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae. Compared with samples from co-located hydrothermal fluids, microbial communities within R. piscesae assemblages are hotspots of taxonomic richness and are high in novelty (unclassified OTUs) and in relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. We also observed a robust temperature-driven distinction in assemblage composition above and below ~25 °C that spanned micro to macro size classes. The core high-temperature community included eight macro- and meiofaunal taxa and members of the Bacteroidetes and Epsilonbacteraeota, particularly the genera Carboxylicivirga, Nitratifractor and Arcobacter. The core low-temperature community included more meiofaunal species in addition to Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Inferred associations among high-temperature core community taxa suggest increased reliance on species interactions under more severe hydrothermal conditions. We propose refinement of species diversity to “core communities” as a tool to simplify investigations of relationships between taxonomic and functional diversity across domains and scales by narrowing the taxonomic scope.
Prevalence of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure, and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Primary Care Research Network-based Study
Authors: Goderis Geert , Vaes Bert , Mamouris Pavlos , van Craeyveld Eline , Mathieu Chantal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims This study aims to assess the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and their combined presence in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients in primary care for whom the 2019 ADA/EASD consensus update “Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes” recommends GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-I) as first-line medications after metformin.
Methods Data were obtained in 2015 from Intego, a morbidity registration network of 111 general practitioners (GPs) working in 48 practices and including 123 261 registered patients.
Results Of 123 261 patients, 9616 had T2D. Of these patients, 4200 (43.7%) presented with ASCVD and/or CKD and/or HF. Specifically, 3348 (34.8%) patients had ASCVD, 388 (4.0%) had heart failure, and 1402 (14.6%) had CKD. Compared to patients without any of these comorbidities, patients with at least 1 of these conditions were older (69.7 ±12.6 vs. 63.1±12.5 years), had higher LDL-C values (104.2±35.8 mg/dl vs. 97.2±37.7) and less frequently achieved the systolic blood pressure target of 140 mm Hg (53 vs. 61%) (all p<0.001). Comorbid patients also had significantly more other comorbidities, such as dementia or cancer; received more recommended medications, such as statins; and received less metformin. Most patients with HF (325; 3.4%) had ASCVD (114; 1.2%), CKD (76; 0.8%), or both (135; 1.4%). In total, 478 patients with CKD (5.0%) also had ASCVD.
Conclusions At the primary care level, 44% of T2D patients suffer from ASCVD, CKD, and/or HF, and thus qualify for GLP-1RA or SGLT2-I therapy.
Additive Manufacturing: The Next Generation of Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Rush Matthew N. , Salas Christina , Mottishaw Lorraine , Fountain Damian , Mercer Deana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground Ligament reconstruction, as a surgical method used to stabilize joints, requires significant strength and tissue anchoring to restore function. Historically, reconstructive materials have been fraught with problems from an inability to withstand normal physiological loads to difficulties in fabricating the complex organization structure of native tissue at the ligament-to-bone interface. In combination, these factors have prevented the successful realization of nonautograft reconstruction.Methods A review of recent improvements in additive manufacturing techniques and biomaterials highlight possible options for ligament replacement.Description of Technique In combination, three dimensional-printing and electrospinning have begun to provide for nonautograft options that can meet the physiological load and architectures of native tissues; however, a combination of manufacturing methods is needed to allow for bone-ligament enthesis. Hybrid biofabrication of bone-ligament tissue scaffolds, through the simultaneous deposition of disparate materials, offer significant advantages over fused manufacturing methods which lack efficient integration between bone and ligament materials.Results In this review, we discuss the important chemical and biological properties of ligament enthesis and describe recent advancements in additive manufacturing to meet mechanical and biological requirements for a successful bone–ligament–bone interface.Conclusions With continued advancement of additive manufacturing technologies and improved biomaterial properties, tissue engineered bone-ligament scaffolds may soon enter the clinical realm.
Design and test of a piezoelectric micropump based on hydraulic amplification
Authors: Tian Xiao-chao , Wang Hai-gang , Wang Hu , Wang Zhi-cong , Sun Yu-ze , Zhu Jin-zhi , Zhao Jian , Zhang Si-da , Yang Zhi-gang 
Published: June 2021

To solve the problem of the small deformation of piezoelectric vibrators and improve the overall performance of piezoelectric micro-pumps, a flexible-diaphragm piezoelectric micropump is designed based on hydraulic amplification. The micropump uses a piezoelectric vibrator to provide its driving force, and fluid is delivered by driving the liquid to amplify the displacement of the piezoelectric vibrator. First, the working principle of the piezoelectric micropump is analyzed, and then theoretical analysis and displacement output tests of the hydraulic amplifier unit are carried out. The test results are consistent with those of the theoretical analysis, and the amplification factor of the hydraulic amplifier unit is 3.29. Finally, prototypes are produced and an experimental platform is built for testing. The results indicate that the best-performing piezoelectric micropump has a self-priming height of 1200 mm, an output pressure of 22.16 kPa, and an output flow of 23.18 ml/min. Compared with an ordinary piezoelectric pump, the overall performance of the piezoelectric micropump is greatly improved.
Self-excitation of Leidenfrost drops and consequences on their stability
Authors: Bouillant Ambre , Cohen Caroline , Clanet Christophe , Quéré David 
Published: June 2021

Significance
A volatile liquid placed on a hot plate is known to levitate on a cushion of vapor. Such drops have unusual behaviors, among which is the ability to transform in pulsating stars that sporadically appear for a few seconds. We report that the vapor cushion of Leidenfrost drops spontaneously vibrates, which can trigger the pulsating modes via a Faraday instability. The mediating waves and subsequent peripheric undulations resonate at well-defined drop sizes, which explains their transient nature and the mode hierarchy. These effects illustrate the unique nature of a situation combining hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, and phase change. Beyond the light shed on the origin of Leidenfrost stars, levitating drops also provide toy models for the Faraday instability in open, globular, small-size systems.
A globally fragmented and mobile lithosphere on Venus
Authors: Byrne Paul K. , Ghail Richard C. , Şengör A. M. Celâl , James Peter B. , Klimczak Christian , Solomon Sean C. 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceWe have identified a pattern of tectonic deformation on Venus that suggests that many of the planet’s lowlands have fragmented into discrete crustal blocks, and that these blocks have moved relative to each other in the geologically recent past. These motions may be the result of mantle convection and, if so, constitute a style of interior–surface coupling not seen elsewhere in the inner Solar System except for continental interiors on Earth. Venus’ fragmented, mobile lithosphere may offer a framework for understanding how tectonics on Earth operated in the Archean.
Proton-and neutron-rich breakups near zero binding energy
Authors: Mukeru B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An analysis of the elastic scattering and breakup cross sections in the

17

F

/

17

O
+

208

Pb

reactions in the zero binding energy limit, is presented. The main motivation was to investigate whether finite reaction observables can be obtained for a neutron-rich system in this limit, where it can be regarded as an open quantum system. It is first found that as the binding energy tends to zero, the ground-state wave function of the

17

O

(

16

O

+n) system falls asymptotically as

∼
1

/

r

ℓ

b

(where

ℓ

b

=
2

, is the ground-state orbital angular momentum). For both projectiles, finite elastic scattering and breakup cross sections are obtained in the zero binding energy limit, where they also become insensitive to the variation of the binding energy. For the

17

F

projectile, this is due to the core-proton Coulomb barrier, whereas for the

17

O

projectile, it is due to the

∼
1

/

r

ℓ

b

asymptotic behavior of the ground-state wave function in this limit. In conclusion, finite reaction observables in the breakup of an open quantum system can be obtained for

ℓ

b

≥
2

.