bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Popular techniques in tonsillectomy: A randomised, controlled study
Authors: Santhraya Mahesh , Pavithran Pallavi 
Published: January 2021

Tonsillectomy is one of the commonest operations performed by Otolaryngologists. Various methods of tonsillectomy have been practiced over the century aimed at reducing or eliminating intra-operative and postoperative morbidity. To compare the mean operative time, mean blood loss, post operative pain and complications in tonsillectomy using bipolar cautery and diode laser, versus conventional cold steel dissection tonsillectomy. A prospective, randomised controlled study of 90 patients to compare three tonsillectomy techniques: diode laser, bipolar cautery and classical cold dissection, from May 2016 to October 2019. The operative time, blood loss and pain were significantly lower with tonsillectomy using bipolar cautery and diode laser tonsillectomy than with cold dissection tonsillectomy. Bipolar dissection took the shortest time on an average, whereas blood loss was the least with Diode Laser tonsillectomy. Post operative pain increased in the Laser group by the 5 day. Both bipolar and diode laser tonsillectomy are associated with significantly reduced blood loss, shorter operative times and less post operative pain compared with cold dissection tonsillectomy. But there was no significant difference seen regarding the postoperative pain when comparing both the surgical methods, by the end of one week.
Changes in the Cellular Composition of the Cerebral Cortex in Rats with Different Levels of Cognitive Function in Cerebral Hypoperfusion Combined with Short-Term Physical Activity
Authors: Krishtop V. V. , Rumyantseva T. A. , Nikonorova V. G. 
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to detect the features of neurodystrophic changes in neurons and glia of the motor cortex of the brain in rats with different levels of cognitive functions and stress resistance with bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries combined with short-term physical activity.Material and methods. The study included 136 Wistar rats. All animals were divided into two subgroups depending on the results of testing in the Morris water maze: with a high and a low level of abilities for spatial environment learning. Animals of the experimental group were exposed to daily free swimming for 15 minutes, starting on the 7th and ending on the 35th days of the study. The rats were withdrawn from the experiment in 8, 14, 21, 35, 60, and 90 days after bilateral ligation of both carotid arteries. Histological sections of the precentral gyrus of the brain were stained according to Nissl and hematoxylin-eosin.Results. On the 8th day of the experiment (1 day of short-term physical activity), the hemomicrocirculatory bed of the cerebral cortex was characterized by a decrease in venous hyperemia, and a decrease of tissue edema signs around the hemocapillaries, a characteristic feature of isolated cerebral hypoperfusion. Neurons with signs of hyperfunction and rod-shaped inclusions in the nuclei (Roncoronni bodies) were detected on the 14th, 21st, 28th days. Hemocapillaries formed compact groups of cells. Further, neurodystrophic changes were less pronounced in comparison with isolated cerebral hypoperfusion, this was accompanied by a decrease in venous hyperemia, preservation of perivasal cell groups up to the 60th day of the experiment. Roncoroni bodies disappeared on the 90th day of observation.Conclusion. The effect of short-term physical activity on the development of cerebral hypoperfusion resulted in an increase in the number of neurons without irreversible changes, a decrease in neurodegenerative changes, and also reduced the severity of gliosis. The adaptive effect of short-term physical activity was more pronounced in animals with a high level of cognitive abilities, which was accompanied by a more significant decrease in the number of dead cells of the cerebral cortex. Day 28 was a critical point when gliosis and neuronal death were combined with the appearance of Roncoronni bodies and perikarion hypertrophy of some pyramidal neurons, as well as the concentration of gliocytes around hemocapillaries. The latter appears to be a sort of adaptation, since it is accompanied by a decrease in mortality in animals with a high level of cognitive abilities.
Body Mass Index and Fat Content in Women with Different Somatotypes in the North
Authors: Pashkova I. G. 
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to detect the age-related variability of the body mass index and the variability of fat deposition in a random sample of women belonging to different constitutional groups and somatotypes, permanent residents of the Republic of Karelia.Material and methods. A comprehensive somatometric examination of women (n=905) was performed applying classical technique and a standardized set of instruments. The body mass index and its component composition were calculated using anthropometric formulas. I. B. Galanta – B.A. Nikityuk – V.P. Chtetsova technique was used to determine somatotype of the women. The results obtained were statistically processed using STATISTICA 6.0 program.Results. The analysis demonstrated a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of the Republic of Karelia in the second mature and old age periods, which was manifested by the maximum values of the thickness of skin and fat folds, absolute and relative fat mass. Regardless of age, the megalosomal constitutional type was found with a high frequency, with an age-related increase in the proportion of people with the euriplastic somatotype. There were revealed somatotypological differences in the age dynamics of the body mass index and the content of the fat component in women. The values of the body mass index and fat component exceeding the norm were determined in the representatives of euriplastic and pyknic somatotypes over several age periods.Conclusion. The results obtained can be used to analyze the level of physical development of the population, these findings should be taken into account when comprehensively assessing health, risk factors for metabolic diseases for their timely detection, correcting the diet, mode of nutrition, physical activity and providing population with preventive information.
Genetic Similarity of Commerson’s Anchovy across Segara Anakan Cilacap Assessed Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers
Authors: Anam Muhammad Khoerol , Amurwanto Adi , Kusbiyanto Kusbiyanto , Pramono Hendro , Sastranegara M Husein , Nuryanto Agus 
Published: January 2021

Segara Anakan areas can be divided into three different regions according to their salinity. Salinity differences suggested that Commerson’s anchovy population in that area can be divided into three subpopulations due to genetic differences. Genetic differences among subpopulation can be assessed through a population genetic study using random amplified polymorphic DNA. This study aims to evaluate the genetic variation and differences of Commerson's anchovy (Stolephorus commersonnii) collected at three different water salinities in Segara Anakan estuary Cilacap Indonesia. Total genomic DNA was isolated using the Chelex method. Genetic diversity and differences were assessed using RAPD markers and were analyzed statistically using an analysis of molecular variance, as implemented in Arlequin software. The results showed that high genetic diversity was observed within the subpopulations. However, no significant genetic differences were observed among subpopulations which indicate genetic similarity. A high number of offspring are likely to cause high genetic variation within subpopulations. Adult and larvae migration is the cause of genetics similarity across Segara Anakan. Another impressive result is that water salinity did not affect the genetic characteristic of Commerson,s anchovy. Genetic similarity of Commerson’s anchovy indicates that Segara Anakan forms a single genetic conservation unit.
Avaliação, Conservação e Recuperação de Nascentes em Bacias Hidrográficas
Authors: Correia José Natal , Santos de Oliveira Vicente De Paulo , De Rezende Araújo Thiago Moreira 
Published: January 2021

As nascentes são importantes fontes de água para as atividades de sobrevivência de famílias que vivem em espaços rurais. Mas, ao longo dos anos, o homem tem acelerado o processo de degradação do meio ambiente, com práticas inadequadas que são visíveis e dificultam a conservação destas fontes. Essas práticas têm contribuído, por exemplo, para aumento da sedimentação dos corpos d`água, diminuição da quantidade de água e piorando sua qualidade. Em propriedades rurais é comum o uso da água provenientes de nascentes, por ser mais fácil sua captação e de menor custo, e, um número expressivo dessas pessoas a consome sem nenhum tipo de tratamento, colocando em risco sua saúde. A presente revisão bibliográfica apontou que vários estudos sobre nascentes estão relacionados diretamente com a degradação das mesmas devido ao aumento populacional, a urbanização, expansão agrícola e outros impactos ambientais. Até o presente momento, há uma forte indicação que um grande número de nascentes estão em desacordo com a legislação do Código Florestal lei 12.826, indicando assim a necessidade de ações de preservação, que sejam efetivadas de forma contínua por meio da interação com a população local.
Association between socioeconomic status and fertility among adolescents aged 15 to 19: An analysis of the 2013/2014 Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS)
Authors: Munakampe Margarate Nzala , Fwemba Isaac , Zulu Joseph Mumba , Michelo Charles 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Adolescents face significant barriers to access and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services in many low-income settings which in turn may be associated with adverse consequences such as early pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections and unsafe abortion and mortality. There is evidence suggesting that limited access to sexual and reproductive health information and services among adolescents contribute to these outcomes. We aimed to find out the factors that affect the fertility of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in Zambia and to identify possible drivers of adolescents’ fertility. Methods: Secondary analysis of the ZDHS 2013/14 data was carried out to find out the factors that affect the fertility rate of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years using multivariate logistic regression (n=3,666).Results: Overall, 23.1 % of adolescents had given birth at least once in the five years leading to the survey (n= 3,666, 99.4% response), and 49.8 % were rural-based while 50.2% were urban-based. The median number of schooling was 8 years (IQR= 6-10). About 52% of the adolescents were in the poorer, poor and medium wealth quintiles while the other 48% were in the rich and richer quintiles. Factors found to affect fertility include residence, wealth status, educational attainment, marriage and abortion. An urban-based adolescent with a lower socioeconomic status was 2.4 times more likely to give birth compared to rural-based poorer adolescents (95% CI 1.5, 3.7 p<0.001). Although odds of giving birth were much higher among rural married adolescents (aOR 8.0, 95% CI 5.4, 11.9 p<0.001) compared to urban married adolescents (aOR 5.5, 95%CI 8.3, 16.0, p<0.001), and these relationship both statistically significant, higher educational attainment (aOR 0.7 95% CI 0.6, 0.8 p<0.001) and abortion (aOR 0.3 95% CI 0.1, 0.8 p=0.020) reduced these odds, particularly for rural-based adolescents. Conclusion: Despite response aimed at reducing adolescent fertility, low wealth status, low educational attainment and early marriage remain significant drivers of adolescent fertility in Zambia. There is a need to address access to sexual and reproductive health needs of urban adolescents with a lower socioeconomic status.
Utilization of Maternity Services and Associated Factors among Women Living in Addis Ababa Ethiopia Nifas Silk Lafto Sub-city, Woreda 1
Authors: Woldemariam Finot , Desta Ayalew , Nadew Getachew 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Maternal service is the health service provided to mothers (women in their child bearing age). In Ethiopia mothers and children make up over 2/3rd of the whole population. Most pregnant women in developing world receive insufficient or no prenatal care and deliver without the help of appropriately trained health care provider. The situation in countries like Ethiopia is worsened by different factors such as poor infrastructure and lack of accessibility to health facilities. Taking this into account this study mainly focuses on the utilization of maternal service and associated factors among women living in selected villages in Nifas silk Lafto, Woreda 1. . Objective: This study assesses the utilization of maternity services and associated factors among women living in Nifas Silk lafto sub city, woredas 1. Method: A community based cross-sectional study design was used to assess the utilization of maternal service utilization and associated factors from January to March 2020. Mothers who gave birth in the past five years were included in the study. A pre tested Interview administered questionnaire was used for data collection; Data was coded and entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Result: The result showed that there is generally 38.6% maternal health service utilization practice. Availability of health facility ( OR:0.489, 95%CI(0.282,0.847),) and accessibility (OR:3.130, 95%CI (1.390,7.048) are found to have significant association with maternal health utilization practice. Conclusion: The finding revealed that the majority of the respondents have poor maternal health service utilization practice which might have an impact for the mother and the new born baby, it’s also indicated the majority of the respondents don’t have knowledge regarding danger signs of pregnancy and the risks associated with pregnancy and child birth, thus responsible authorities should establish a way to create awareness , and also government authorities should be involved in solving the problem of poor infrastructure and transportation.
Treatment of Post-Transplant Recurrent FSGS in Children Using Plasmapheresis and Augmentation of Immunosuppression
Authors: Restrepo-Tovar Jaime , Torres-Canchala Laura , Londoño Hernando , Somers Michael , Manzi Eliana , Restrepo-Restrepo Jaime 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Up to 60% of pediatric renal transplant recipients with end-stage renal disease due to primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) may develop recurrent disease. Such recurrence is associated with poor prognosis if no remission is achieved. We report a single center experience with a protocol based on plasmaphereis and increased immunosuppression that resulted in a high long-lived remission rates.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive pediatric renal transplant patients with recurrent FSGS treated with a standardized protocol using plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide to supplement usual post-transplant immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors and steroids. Relapse was defined as urinary protein/creatinine ratio >1.0g/g and remission as <0.5g/g. Results: 15 patients with FSGS recurrence post-transplant were treated. All had therapy-resistant FSGS in native kidneys and had been on dialysis from 4-10 years. Of the 15, one died perioperatively from a pulmonary thromboembolism. 13 others achieved a complete remission within 3 months of treatment for FSGS recurrence. After a median follow-up period of 4 years, there were no recurrences of significant proteinuria. Conclusion: The addition of plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide to a calcineurin- and steroid-based immunosuppression regime was highy successful in inducing high remission rates with recurrent FSGS. Prospective trials are needed to evaluate further the efficacy of increased immunosuppression along with plasmapheresis in this setting.
Femtosecond laser microdissection isolating regenerating C. elegans neurons for single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Ben-Yakar Adela , Zhao Peisen , Martin Chris , Ma Ke-Yue , Jiang Ning 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Our understanding of nerve regeneration can be enhanced by delineating its underlying molecular activities at single neuron resolution in small model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans. Existing cell isolation techniques cannot isolate regenerating neurons from the nematode. We present femtosecond laser microdissection (fs-LM), a new single cell isolation method that dissects intact cells directly from living tissue by leveraging the micron-scale precision of fs-laser ablation. We show that fs-LM facilitated sensitive and specific gene expression profiling by single cell RNA-sequencing, while mitigating the stress related transcriptional artifacts induced by tissue dissociation. Single cell RNA-sequencing of fs-LM isolated regenerating C. elegans neurons revealed transcriptional program leading to successful regeneration in wild-type animals or regeneration failure in animals lacking DLK-1/p38 kinase. The ability of fs-LM to isolate specific neurons based on phenotype of interest allowed us to study the molecular basis of regeneration heterogeneity displayed by neurons of the same type. We identified gene modules whose expression patterns were correlated with axon regrowth rate at a single neuron level. Our results establish fs-LM as a highly specific single cell isolation method ideal for precision and phenotype-driven studies.
Biocidal Potential of Plants Extracts Against Wood-Degrading Microbes and Their In-Vitro Application on Wood: As Promising Wood Natural Preservatives
Authors: Ifthkar Amina , Jabeen Faiza , Mirza Saima , Abbas Afshan , Younis Tahira , Waseem Muhammad , Abdallah Mohnad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Besides the increasing demand of wooden articles, there is a burning issue of microbial attack which affects the aesthetics of wood. Thus it is a current concern to protect the wooden articles from both fungal and bacterial attack by using toxin free preservatives. Results: Powder of Calotropis procera (leaves), Curcuma zedoaria (rhizome) and Swertia chirata (whole plant) was extracted with solvents like methanol, ethanol and chloroform and then the qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out, which exhibited the presence of different secondary metabolites. These extracts were also evaluated against wood degrading microbes (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger) isolated from decaying wood. Our study demonstrated that the ethanol extract of S. chairata showed highest bactericidal potential against E.coli (19.0mm) and A. flavus (19.33mm). This study also revealed that S. chirata exhibited strongest biocidal spectrum of action followed by C. procera and C. zedaira. It was observed that laminated veneer treated with ethanol extract of S. chirata showed strong bactericidal potential against E.coli (82.67mm). On the other hand Syzygium cumini wood treated with ethanol extract of C. zedoaria exhibited high antibacterial potential against P. aeruginosa (58.0mm). The active plant extracts showed MIC's ranged from 3.6 to 6.0 mg/ml and MBC/MFC of 4.8 and 8.4 mg/ml. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the potential effects of selected plant extracts as a natural preservative that can protect wood from bacterial and fungal deterioration. The extracts can be applied to prevent furniture deterioration and raw wood protection.
The Flipped Classroom Is Effective for Medical Students to Improve Deep Tendon Reflex Examination Skills: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Uchida Shun , Shikino Kiyoshi , Ishizuka Kosuke , Yamauchi Yosuke , Yanagita Yasutaka , Yokokawa Daiki , Tsukamoto Tomoko , Noda Kazutaka , Uehara Takanori , Ikusaka Masatomi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Deep tendon reflexes (DTR) are a prerequisite skill in clinical clerkships. However, many medical students are not confident in their technique and need to be effectively trained. We evaluated the effectiveness of a flipped classroom for teaching DTR skills. Methods: We recruited 83 fifth-year medical students who participated in a clinical clerkship at the Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, from November 2018 to July 2019. They were allocated to the flipped classroom technique (intervention group, n=39) or the traditional technique instruction group (control group, n=44). Before procedural teaching, while the intervention group learned about DTR by e-learning, the control group did so face-to-face. A 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate self-confidence in DTR examination before and after the procedural teaching (1=no confidence, 5=confidence). We evaluated the mastery of techniques after procedural teaching using the Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS). Unpaired t-test was used to analyze the results of the 5-point Likert scale and DOPS. We assessed self-confidence in DTR examination before and after procedural teaching using a free description questionnaire in the two groups. Additionally, in the intervention group, focus group interviews (FGI) (7 groups, n=39) were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the flipped classroom after procedural teaching.Results: Pre-test self-confidence in the DTR examination was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (2.8 vs. 2.3, P=0.005). Post-test self-confidence in the DTR examination was not significantly different between the two groups (3.9 vs. 4.1, P=0.31), and so was mastery (4.3 vs. 4.1, P=0.68). The questionnaires before the procedural teaching revealed themes common to the two groups, including “lack of knowledge” and “lack of self-confidence.” Themes about prior learning, including “acquisition of knowledge” and “promoting understanding,” were specific in the intervention group. The FGI revealed themes including “application of knowledge,” “improvement in DTR technique,” and “increased self-confidence.” Conclusions: Teaching DTR skills to medical students in flipped classrooms improves readiness for learning and increases self-confidence in performing the procedure at a point before procedural teaching.