bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly stable porous cellulose materials to utilize lactic acid
Authors: Kim So Hee , Kang Sang Wook 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, a porous membrane consisting of lactic acid and cellulose acetate was fabricated using a low-cost and pro-environmental process. The wetting action of the lactic acid induced a plasticization effect in the cellulose acetate chain, forming several small pores during the hydrostatic treatment. The surface and cross-section of the membranes were observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the interaction between cellulose acetate and lactic acid was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis was performed to determine the thermal stability of the membrane and the removal of lactic acid by the hydrostatic treatment. In addition, the optimum composition and performance of the composite were investigated via water flux measurement. Furthermore, the average pore diameter and porosity of the cellulose acetate/lactic acid membrane measured using a porosimeter was 0.38 μm and 65.3%, respectively.
Socioeconomic Factors and Knee Osteoarthritis: Effects of Education, Income, and Occupation on Prevalence and Symptoms
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Han Kyungdo , Park Yong Gyu , Park Sung-Hwan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: To examine the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) as measured by three components of education level, income level, and occupation on prevalence and symptom severity of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to determine which of these factors has the strongest association.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that were collected between 2010 and 2012. Male and female participants 50 years or older were included. Analyses to examine the associations of the three SES components with prevalence and symptom severity of knee OA were performed.Results: A total 9,071 participants was included in the study. As expected, lower education, lower income level, and non-managerial or no job were associated with higher prevalence of knee OA and knee symptoms. Among the three SES components, lower education was most strongly associated with knee pain and radiographic knee OA after adjusting for the other two.Conclusions: Lower education level is the component of SES that most strongly relates to higher prevalence of knee OA and knee symptoms. Improving societal education level might decrease the socioeconomic burden of knee OA.
Silicon exportation by crops alters soil mineralogy and clay fraction
Authors: Dalacorte Luana , Bortoluzzi Edson Campanhola 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aims

Silicon (Si) dynamic in system controls mineral evolution. We expected that the Si exported from soil due to soybean cultivation would affect Si forms and clay minerals. The objective of this study was to evaluate Si forms in the soil-plant system in areas with different soybean cultivation times in order to respond how Si exportation affects soil mineralogy.
Methods

Oxisols under soybean cultivation for 2, 8 and 40 years were evaluated and an adjacent area with native vegetation was used as the control treatment. The total and available Si in the soil and in the roots, aerial part of the plants and in the soybeans were evaluated, as well as the physical, chemical and mineralogical attributes of the soil.
Results

We estimated that 12 to 15 kg/ha of Si were exported by soybean grains per cultivation. The Si exportation for 40 years decreased the available Si contents in the soil by 9%, compared to the native field. The total Si contents in the clay fraction after 40 years of cultivation were 29% lower when compared to the native field. As a consequence of the soil cultivation for 40 years, we observed a decrease in the clay content and a clay dissolution, changing the clay mineral fraction.
Conclusions

The Si exportation by soybean grain promotes changes in particle size contents and mineral fraction of cultivated soils. Our results highlighted that Si, should be taken into account in a suitable fertilization process in agricultural lands submitted to intensive use.
Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy onset increases the early risk for depression and anxiety in breast cancer survivors
Authors: McNeish Brendan L , Richardson James K , Whitney Daniel G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) occurs commonly in breast cancer (BrCa) patients and contributes to falls. Depression and anxiety in cancer survivors leads to reduced quality of life, increased mortality and also increases fall risk. Therefore, we investigated the association between CIPN with depression and anxiety in BrCa survivors.
Methods

Data were extracted from Optum’s De-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database years 2012–2015. Among women, three groups were derived based on BrCa and CIPN status: BrCa+/CIPN+, BrCa+/CIPN-, and BrCa-/CIPN-. Risk ratios (RR) determined the change in risk of depression and anxiety from the 12-month pre-index period to post-index period I (0–6 months) and II (7–12 months) for each group separately. The ratio of the RR (RRR) determined if the change in risk of outcomes was different for BrCa+/CIPN + compared to BrCa+/CIPN- and BrCa-/CIPN-.
Results

The RR was significantly elevated for all groups (p < 0.05) in the post-index periods I (depression, RR = 1.22–1.65; anxiety, RR = 1.26–1.73) and II (depression, RR = 1.41–2.16; anxiety, RR = 1.46–2.05), with BrCa+/CIPN + exhibiting the largest RR. The RRR for depression was significantly elevated for BrCa+/CIPN + compared to BrCa+/CIPN- and BrCa-/CIPN- for post-index periods I (RRR = 1.35 and 1.33, respectively) and II (RRR = 1.53 and 1.50, respectively). The RRR for anxiety was significantly elevated for BrCa+/CIPN + compared to BrCa+/CIPN- and BrCa-/CIPN- for post-index periods I (RRR = 1.37 and 1.31, respectively) and II (RRR = 1.41 and 1.28, respectively).
Conclusion

Among BrCa survivors, CIPN onset is associated with a subsequent increased 12-month risk of depression and anxiety. Depression and anxiety screening should be considered in BrCa+/CIPN + survivors.
Biotic Resistance Against Invasive Macroalgae: The Role of Omnivorous Sparid Fishes in the Herbivory on Caulerpa Cylindracea
Authors: Santamaría Jorge , Tomas Fiona , Ballesteros Enric , Cebrian Emma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Herbivory has long been considered an important component of biotic resistance against macroalgae invasions in marine habitats. However, most of the studies on herbivory of invasive algae refer only to consumption by strictly herbivorous organisms, whereas consumption by omnivorous organisms has been largely ignored and rarely quantified. In this study, we assess whether the commonest omnivorous sparid species in the Mediterranean Sea are consuming the highly invasive alga, Caulerpa cylindracea, and determine its importance in their diet and their electivity towards it as a source of food. Our results confirm that three of the four fish species we studied do, in fact, consume C. cylindracea, but in most cases, the importance of C. cylindracea in the diet was low. Indeed, the low electivity values confirm that all four fish species avoid feeding on the invasive alga and that it is probably consumed accidentally. However, despite animals and detritus being the main food for these sea bream species, several individual specimens were found to have consumed high amounts of C. cylindracea. This suggests a potential role that these fish species may play in controlling, to some extent, the abundance of the invader. We suggest that herbivory by omnivorous fish might complement the higher impact exerted by the strict herbivores, and together, they might contribute to the overall biotic resistance against the invader.
Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Phage&nbsp;TUN1 Specific for Klebsiella Pneumoniae K64 Clinical Isolates From Tunisia
Authors: Eckstein Simone , Stender Jana , Mzoughi Sonia , Vogele Kilian , Kühn Jana , Friese Daniela , Bugert Christina , Handrick Susann , Ferjani Mustapha , Wölfel Roman , Millard Andrew , Moussa Mohamed Ben , Bugert Joachim J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniaespp (Kp) are emerging agents of severe infections of the respiratory and urinary tract or wounds, and progression to fatal septicemia. The use of bacteriophages is currently being considered as an effective alternative or adjuvant to antibiotic treatment.
Results

In this study, we report K-typing of 163 carbapenem-resistant Kp (CRKP) isolated 2014–2018 at the Military Hospital of Instruction of Tunis (MHT), Tunisia, using wzi gene sequencing. Thereby, we found that K64 Kp strains are associated with increased case/fatality rates, especially at the intensive care unit (ICU). Furthermore, we characterized a lytic Kp phage, vB_KpP_TUN1 (phage TUN1), isolated from waste water samples of the ICU at the MHT. Whole genome sequencing showed that this phage belongs to the Podoviridae family and encodes one putative depolymerase specifically digesting K64 Kp capsules. Furthermore, we could successfully assemble phage TUN1 in a non-replicative host (E. coli) raising the possibility of in vitro assembly in the absence of live bacterial hosts. Therefore, phage TUN1 is a promising candidate to be used as an adjuvant or an alternative to antibiotic therapy in CRKP infections, facilitating regulatory approval of phage therapy.
Conclusions

The lytic phage TUN1, efficiently lyses K64 Kp strains associated with increased case/fatality rates at body temperature. Together with its ability to be rescued in a non-replicative host these features enhance the utility of this phage as antibacterial agent.
Longitudinal study of sustainable acceleration of immunosenescence and immunoactivation dependent on SIV replication stress in SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques
Authors: Xue Jing , Tong Ling , Cong Zhe , Tian Long , Zhang Jingjing , Lu Jiahan , Lu Qiuhan , Chen Ting , Wang Yuhong , Wei Qiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is challenging to trace the variations of host immune features covering the whole process of ‘baseline-infection-treatment-withdrawal’ from HIV-negative to HIV-rebound in HIV-infected patients after discontinuing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Herein, eight monkeys were monitored for 28 days to acquire baseline immune function; infected with 100 TCID50 of SIVmac239 intravenously for 98 days; treated with standard ART for 90 days; followed up for 49 days post withdrawal of ART. Within the 266 days’ longitudinal study, four SIV-dependent stages, SIV-negative (SN, ‘baseline’), SIV-emerged (SE, ‘infection’), SIV-suppressed (SS, ‘treatment’), and SIV-rebounded (SR, ‘withdrawal’), were stratified according to plasma viral RNA quantification. Parallel comparisons of host immune function, including counts of CD4+ T cells, ratios of T-cell subsets and measurement of a panel of cytokines, were performed between SS and SN, and between SR and SE. Compared to the SN stage, an accelerated immunosenescence was found in the SS stage characterized with increased CD38+ HLA-DR− CD4+/CD8+ T-cell subsets, PD-1+ memory CD4+/CD8+ T-cell subsets and elevated cytokines including MIP-1β, IL-8 and IL-10. Compared to the SE stage, the SR phase exhibited an accelerated immune activation against SIV characterized with increased PD-1+ CD4+ TCM cells, decreased PD-1+ CD4+ TEM cells and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IFN-γ. This longitudinal study of rhesus macaques demonstrated a sustainable acceleration of immunosenescence/immunoactivation dependent on the stress of SIV replication which may provide insights for future HIV therapies.
Earlier Targeted Vancomycin Troughs Concentration with Loading Dose: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Yanxia , He Le , Deng Yunxin , Zhang Renjing , Meng Mei , Chen Dechang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Studies have shown the failure of vancomycin treatment against vancomycin-sensitive gram-positive bacteria is common, possibly because the drug concentration did not reach the target serum concentration in time. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis to determine whether the target serum concentration could be reached earlier with the first loading dose of vancomycin.Methods: A retrospective single-center study was conducted in the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between June 2018 and June 2020. The study enrolled patients who were suspected or confirmed with gram-positive bacterial infection and had been treated with vancomycin. According to whether the first loading dose of vancomycin was given, the patients were divided into the loading dose and the control groups. The serum concentration of vancomycin before the second dose and that before the fifth dose were compared to determine whether the target serum concentration was reached earlier with the first loading dose. And renal functions were monitored for a week to analyze whether the loading dose caused any acute kidney injury.Results: 55 patients were finally included in the study. Of these patients, 29 received first-loading dose of vancomycin, while the remaining 26 patients underwent the traditional dose regimen of vancomycin. The concentration of vancomycin before the second dose was 10.3±6.1 mg/L in the loading group, and 5.7±4.4 mg/L in the control group, significantly higher in the former group (P=0.002). The concentration of vancomycin before the fifth dose was 12.4±7.3 mg/L in the loading group, and 10.3±6.3 mg/L in the control group, where there was no inter-group difference (P=0.251). The 28-day motality of loading dose group is significantly lower (6.7% vs 34%, P=0.026) than the control group. There were no significant changes in serum creatinine levels in both groups, and there was no statistical difference in serum creatinine levels between the two groups.Conclusions: With the loading dose of vancomycin, the target serum concentration of vancomycin could be reached earlier without causing acute kidney injuries, also the mortality might be reduced.
Granulomatous Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease (GL-ILD): CT Imaging Features and Clinical Findings to Expedite a Timely Diagnosis
Authors: Wynn Avanthika , Berkowitz Eugene A. , Little Brent P. , Veeraraghavan Srihari , Schneider Frank , Shams Marissa , Bertino Frederic 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Establishing a diagnosis of Granulomatous Lymphocytic-Interstitial Lung Disease (GL-ILD) is difficult due to the overlapping CT imaging and histologic features, and are often confused with infection, sarcoidosis and/or follicular bronchiolitis. Research Question: Identify specific CT imaging features and clinical characteristics to suggest a confident diagnosis of Granulomatous Lymphocytic-Interstitial Lung Disease (GL-ILD).Study Design and Methods: IRB-approved retrospective case series study involving the review of the electronic medical record and CT chest imaging of eight patients with GL-ILD.Results: Bronchocentric airway-centered lower lobe predominant (part solid nodules more common than ground glass or solid nodules) ranging from 5 to 10 mm in size were found consistently in a majority of the eight patients with GL-ILD. Interpretation: In combination with the above pulmonary nodular pattern, mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in conjunction, either splenomegaly or splenectomy and/or abdominal lymphadenopathy are excellent CT imaging features to prospectively suggest the diagnosis of GL-ILD in a patient with CVID.
Numaswitch – an efficient high-titer expression platform to produce peptides and small proteins
Authors: Nguyen Bach-Ngan , Tieves Florian , Rohr Thomas , Wobst Hilke , Schöpf Felix S. , Solano Jóse D. Montoya , Schneider Julia , Stock Janpeter , Uhde Andreas , Kalthoff Thomas , Jaeger Karl Erich , Schmitt Lutz , Schwarz Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The production of peptides as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by recombinant technologies is of emerging interest. A reliable production platform, however, is still missing due the inherent characteristics of peptides such as proteolytic sensitivity, aggregation and cytotoxicity. We have developed a new technology named Numaswitch solving present limitations. Numaswitch was successfully employed for the production of diverse peptides and small proteins varying in length, physicochemical and functional characteristics, including Teriparatide, Linaclotide, human β-amyloid and Serum amyloid A3. Additionally, the potential of Numaswitch for a cost-efficient commercial production is demonstrated yielding > 2 g Teriparatide per liter fermentation broth in a quality meeting API standard.
Serum Anti-Ro52/Tripartite&nbsp;Motif-containing 21, A Novel Criterion of Interstitial Pneumonia With Autoimmune Features
Authors: Tahara Masahiro , Sakamoto Noriho , Satoh Minoru , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Yura Hirokazu , Yamasaki Kei , Kido Takashi , Fujino Yoshihisa , Hasegawa Tomoko , Tanaka Shin , Yatera Kazuhiro , Mukae Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Antibodies to Ro52/tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21), referred to as anti-Ro52, are found in patients diagnosed with diverse systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease and associated with interstitial lung diseases. However, little is known about the clinical characteristics of anti-Ro52 in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs). We aimed to analyze the prevalence, co-existent autoantibodies, and clinical characteristics of anti-Ro52 in patients with IIP.Methods: The study enrolled 288 patients diagnosed with IIP. Serum anti-Ro52 was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Co-existent autoantibodies, including anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (anti-ARS), were analyzed by immunoprecipitation. ELISA using recombinant antigens was performed as needed. Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings and survival of IIP patients were compared between anti-Ro52 positives and negatives.Results: Anti-Ro52 (20/288; 6.9%), anti-ARS (18/288; 6.3%), and anti-Ro60/SS-A (16/288; 5.6%) were the most common autoantibodies detected in IIP patients. Among 20 IIP patients who had anti-Ro52, anti-ARS was present in 8 (40%), and anti-Ro60/SS-A was found in 6 (30%) patients. The criteria for interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) were significantly better fulfilled by patients with anti-Ro52 than those without (P = 0.001). Meeting serological domain (P < 0.001) and Raynaud’s phenomenon (P = 0.009) were significantly more common in the anti-Ro52-positive patients. There was no significant difference in the overall survival rate of IIP patients with vs. without anti-Ro52 (log-rank P = 0.51).Conclusion: Anti-Ro52-positive IIP patients have clinical features consistent with IPAF. Adding anti-Ro52 in IPAF criteria may be considered in the future.
Deep Learning Early Stopping for Non-degenerate Ghost Imaging
Authors: Moodley Chane , Sephton Bereneice , Rodríguez-Fajardo Valeria , Forbes Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Quantum ghost imaging offers many advantages over classical imaging, including the ability to probe an object with one wavelength and record the image with another (non-degenerate ghost imaging), but suffers from slow image reconstruction due to sparsity and probabilistic arrival positions of photons. Here, we propose a two-step deep learning approach to establish an optimal early stopping point based on object recognition, even for sparsely filled images. In step one we enhance the reconstructed image after every measurement by a deep convolutional auto encoder, followed by step two in which a classifier is used to recognise the image. We test this approach on a non degenerate ghost imaging setup while varying physical parameters such as the mask type and resolution. We achieved a 5-fold decrease in image acquisition time at a recognition confidence of 75%. The significant reduction in experimental running time is an important step towards real-time ghost imaging, as well as object recognition with few photons, e.g., in the detection of light sensitive structures.
SE(3)-Equivariant Graph Neural Networks for Data-Efficient and Accurate Interatomic Potentials
Authors: Batzner Simon , Smidt Tess , Sun Lixin , Mailoa Jonathan , Kornbluth Mordechai , Molinari Nicola , Kozinsky Boris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work presents Neural Equivariant Interatomic Potentials (NequIP), a SE(3)-equivariant neural network approach for learning interatomic potentials from ab-initio calculations for molecular dynamics simulations. While most contemporary symmetry-aware models use invariant convolutions and only act on scalars, NequIP employs SE(3)-equivariant convolutions for interactions of geometric tensors, resulting in a more information-rich and faithful representation of atomic environments. The method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on a challenging set of diverse molecules and materials while exhibiting remarkable data efficiency. NequIP outperforms existing models with up to three orders of magnitude fewer training data, challenging the widely held belief that deep neural networks require massive training sets. The high data efficiency of the method allows for the construction of accurate potentials using high-order quantum chemical level of theory as reference and enables high-fidelity molecular dynamics simulations over long time scales.
Visualizing the Electron’s Quantization With a Ruler
Authors: Marmolejo Javier Tello , Urquiza-González Mitzi , Isaksson Oscar , Johansson Andreas , Méndez-Fragoso Ricardo , Hanstorp Dag 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
More than 100 years ago, Robert Millikan demonstrated the quantization of the electron using charged, falling droplets, but the statistical analysis on many falling droplets did not allow a direct visualization of the quantization of charge. Instead of letting the droplets fall, we have used optical levitation to create a single droplet version of Millikan’s experiment where the effects of a single electron removal can be observed by the naked eye and measured with a ruler. As we added charges to the levitated droplet, we observed that its equilibrium position jumped vertically in quantized steps. The discrete nature of the droplet’s jumps is a direct consequence of the single-electron changes in the charge on the droplet, and therefore clearly demonstrates the quantization of charge. The steps were optically magnified onto a wall and filmed. We anticipate that the video of these single electron additions can become a straightforward demonstration of the quantization of charge for a general audience.