bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early discharge after thoracoscopic anatomical pulmonary resection for non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Forster Céline , Perentes Jean Yannis , Ojanguren Amaya , Abdelnour-Berchtold Etienne , Zellweger Matthieu , Bouchaab Hasna , Peters Solange , Krueger Thorsten , Gonzalez Michel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Although video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has shortened hospitalization duration for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, the factors associated with early discharge remain unclear. This study aimed to identify patients eligible for a 72-h stay after VATS anatomical resection.

METHODS
Monocentric retrospective study including all consecutive patients undergoing VATS anatomical resection for NSCLC between February 2010 and December 2019. Two groups were defined according to the discharge: ‘early discharge’ (within 72 postoperative hours) and ‘routine discharge’ (at &gt;72 postoperative hours).

RESULTS
A total of 660 patients with a median age of 66.5 years (interquartile range 60–73 years) (female/male: 321/339) underwent VATS anatomical pulmonary resection for NSCLC [segmentectomy in 169 (25.6%), lobectomy in 481 (72.9%), bilobectomy in 8 (1.2%) and pneumonectomy in 2 (0.3%) patients]. The cardiopulmonary and Clavien–Dindo III–IV postoperative complication rates were 32.6% and 7.7%, respectively. The median postoperative length of stay was 6 days (interquartile range 4–10 days). In total, 119 patients (18%) could be discharged within 72 h of surgery. On multivariable analysis, the factors significantly associated with an increased likelihood of early discharge were: body mass index &gt;20 kg/m2 [odds ratio (OR) 2.37], absence of prior cardiopathy (OR 2), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide &gt;60% (OR 1.82), inclusion in an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol (OR 2.23), use of a single chest tube (OR 5.73) and postoperative transfer to the ward (OR 4.84). Factors significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of early discharge were: age &gt;60 years (OR 0.53), American Society of Anaesthesiologists score &gt;2 (OR 0.46) and use of an epidural catheter (OR 0.41). Readmission rates were not statistically different between both groups (5.9% vs 3.1%; P = 0.17).

CONCLUSIONS
Age, pulmonary functions and comorbidities may influence discharge after VATS anatomical resection. The early discharge does not increase readmission rates.
Comparative effectiveness of medical concept embedding for feature engineering in phenotyping
Authors: Lee Junghwan , Liu Cong , Kim Jae Hyun , Butler Alex , Shang Ning , Pang Chao , Natarajan Karthik , Ryan Patrick , Ta Casey , Weng Chunhua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveFeature engineering is a major bottleneck in phenotyping. Properly learned medical concept embeddings (MCEs) capture the semantics of medical concepts, thus are useful for retrieving relevant medical features in phenotyping tasks. We compared the effectiveness of MCEs learned from knowledge graphs and electronic healthcare records (EHR) data in retrieving relevant medical features for phenotyping tasks.Materials and MethodsWe implemented 5 embedding methods including node2vec, singular value decomposition (SVD), LINE, skip-gram, and GloVe with 2 data sources: (1) knowledge graphs obtained from the observational medical outcomes partnership (OMOP) common data model; and (2) patient-level data obtained from the OMOP compatible electronic health records (EHR) from Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC). We used phenotypes with their relevant concepts developed and validated by the electronic medical records and genomics (eMERGE) network to evaluate the performance of learned MCEs in retrieving phenotype-relevant concepts. Hits@k% in retrieving phenotype-relevant concepts based on a single and multiple seed concept(s) was used to evaluate MCEs.ResultsAmong all MCEs, MCEs learned by using node2vec with knowledge graphs showed the best performance. Of MCEs based on knowledge graphs and EHR data, MCEs learned by using node2vec with knowledge graphs and MCEs learned by using GloVe with EHR data outperforms other MCEs, respectively.ConclusionMCE enables scalable feature engineering tasks, thereby facilitating phenotyping. Based on current phenotyping practices, MCEs learned by using knowledge graphs constructed by hierarchical relationships among medical concepts outperformed MCEs learned by using EHR data.
Salinity Influences Plant–Pest–Predator Tritrophic Interactions
Authors: Ali M P , Rahman M S , Nowrin Farzana , Haque S S , Qin Xinghu , Haque M A , Uddin M M , Landis Douglas A , Howlader M T H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Climate change-induced salinity intrusion into agricultural soils is known to negatively impact crop production and food security. However, the effects of salinity increase on plant–herbivore–natural enemy systems and repercussions for pest suppression services are largely unknown. Here, we examine the effects of increased salinity on communities of rice (Oryza sativa), brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, and green mirid bug (GMB), Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, under greenhouse conditions. We found that elevated salinity significantly suppressed the growth of two rice cultivars. Meanwhile, BPH population size also generally decreased due to poor host plant quality induced by elevated salinity. The highest BPH density occurred at 2.0 dS/m salinity and declined thereafter with increasing salinity, irrespective of rice cultivar. The highest population density of GMB also occurred under control conditions and decreased significantly with increasing salinity. Higher salinity directly affected the rice crop by reducing plant quality measured with reference to biomass production and plant height, whereas inducing population developmental asynchrony between BPH and GMB observed at 2 dS/m salinity and potentially uncoupling prey–predator dynamics. Our results suggest that increased salinity has harmful effects on plants, herbivores, natural enemies, as well as plant–pest–predator interactions. The effects measured here suggest that the bottom-up effects of predatory insects on rice pests will likely decline in rice produced in coastal areas where salinity intrusion is common. Our findings indicate that elevated salinity influences tritrophic interactions in rice production landscapes, and further research should address resilient rice insect pest management combining multipests and predators in a changing environment.
Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) against diabetes mellitus: a critical review on its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology
Authors: Patil Shashank M , Shirahatti Prithvi S , Ramu Ramith 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
We aim to provide a critical review focused on the various pharmacological activities of Azadirachta indica A. Juss related to diabetes management. We also emphasise on phytochemistry and toxicology of A. indica, which could provide a comprehensive approach for plant-based drug development in future.

Key findings
From 2784 identified studies, only 83 were considered after double screening based on the inclusion criteria. Further, 63 pharmacological investigations were considered for review. Resultant studies deliberated on using different extracts and phytochemicals of A. indica on blood glucose level, lipid profile, oxidative stress, carbohydrate digestion enzymes, diabetic complications, glucose tolerance, and uptake of glucose.

Summary
In the end, one can know the efficacy of A. indica as a potent antidiabetic herbal medicine. However, based on gaps in research, recommendations have been provided to evaluate A. indica. in a systematic manner to develop plant-based drugs, nutraceuticals, and to evaluate their clinical efficiency and safety against diabetes mellitus.
Antagonism between SUMO1/2 and SUMO3 regulates SUMO conjugate levels and fine-tunes immunity
Authors: Ingole Kishor D , Kasera Mritunjay , van den Burg Harrold A , Bhattacharjee Saikat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The attachment of SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO) to target proteins regulates a plethora of cellular processes across eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, mutants with abnormal SUMO1/2 conjugate levels display a dwarf stature, autoimmunity, and altered stress responses to adverse environmental conditions. Since the SUMO pathway is known to autoregulate its biochemical activity (via allosteric interactions), we assessed whether the emergence of additional SUMO paralogs in Arabidopsis has introduced the capacity of self-regulation by means of isoform diversification in this model plant. By studying the plant defense responses elicited by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, we provide genetic evidence that SUM3, a divergent paralog, acts downstream of the two main SUMO paralogues, SUM1/2. The expression of SUM3 apparently buffers or suppresses the function of SUM1/2 by controlling the timing and amplitude of the immune response. Moreover, SUM1 and SUM2 work additively to suppress both basal and TNL-specific immunity, a specific branch of the immune network. Finally, our data reveal that SUM3 is required for the global increase in SUMO1/2 conjugates upon exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses, namely heat and pathogen exposure. We cannot exclude that this latter effect is independent of the role of SUM3 in immunity.
Aggressive Radiation-Induced Cavernous Sinus Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Aversa Antonio , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Radiation-induced meningiomas are the most common radiation-induced neoplasms. They exhibit a distinct aggressive clinical behavior as rapid growth, recurrences, multiplicity, and malignant progression are common features.
1-4
Atypical histological findings and aberrant cytogenetics are increasingly identified.
5-7
Radical resection of aggressive radiation-induced meningiomas is the best treatment option and would offer the best chance for control of the disease. Wide bone and dural margins should be pursued in the resection. Parasellar extension creates significant surgical challenges. Cavernous sinus exploration through the multidirectional axis provided by the cranioorbital zygomatic approach allows radical resection of the tumor, cranial nerve decompression, and carotid artery preservation and control.
8-11
This article describes a cavernous sinus radiation-induced meningioma after radiation for Cushing disease. It demonstrates the details of the extra- and intradural exploration and dissection of the neurovascular structures in the cavernous sinus, with proximal and distal control of the carotid artery. However, even after radical resection, recurrence is a common finding in this malignant behavioral radiation-induced tumor.
Patient consented for surgery.
Image at 9:41 comes from the Science Museum Group, United Kingdom. Refer to the Wellcome blog post (archive). This image is licensed under the CC-BY 4.0 International license.
Thoracolumbar Interfascial Plane Block and Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Jamshidi Aria M , Makler Vyacheslav , Wang Michael Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
While spinal fusion in properly selected patients has been shown to be effective in improving pain, function, and quality of life, many patients continue to have reservations regarding the historical morbidity associated with surgical intervention.
1
Open lumbar fusion surgery traditionally is perceived as an intervention that is associated with significant pain, recovery time, and risk. Even though most patients ultimately recover from this procedure, they are often left scarred with the psychological, economic, and social costs.
2

To combat these negative associations with spinal fusion, neurosurgeons have begun to adopt adjunctive treatment modalities, including thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) blocks and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks to improve pain control and reduce postoperative opiate consumption.
3,4
The TLIP block is done after the patient is intubated and prior to skin incision for our posterior lumbar cases. Recently, we have also begun placing TAP blocks for patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) using exclusively liposomal bupivacaine, as commonly practiced for other abdominopelvic surgeries, to lengthen the duration of analgesia.
5
We have found that these blocks have ameliorated both intraoperative and postoperative pain management.
6

In this video, we present a case of a 65-yr-old female who presented with a grade 1 spondylolisthesis and neuroforaminal compression from L4 to S1, who was treated with combined TAP and TLIP block followed by a L4 to S1 ALIF with posterolateral instrumentation.
Informed written consent was obtained from the patient and her family.
Decline in the Roman Republic
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The rhetoric of Roman decline appears in some of the earliest surviving Latin literary texts (like Plautus’s Trinummus). Cato the Elder built much of his political brand around the idea that greed, extravagance, and, later, Greek influence undermined Roman virtue. He defended the lex Oppia, a sumptuary law, and directed attacks against figures in the mode of Scipio Africanus. This sort of attack particularly resonated as economic changes and the rise of a new class of super-wealthy Romans emerged in the decades after the end of the Second Punic War. By the 130s, Tiberius Gracchus used similar attacks on the greed and extravagance of Roman and Italian elites to push for aggressive land reforms. Tiberius’s unwillingness to be bound by constitutional norms, however, represented a new sort of decline that ultimately prompted his murder by a mob led by Scipio Nasica.
Manufacturing the Golden Age of Trajan
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The reign of Augustus showed how claims about Roman decline could become tools to justify regime change. Julio-Claudian emperors tended to emphasize continuity with dynastic predecessors rather than the rhetoric of decline and renewal. Following the death of Nero, Galba and the three new emperors who seized power from him justified their actions by talking about the terrible reigns of their murdered predecessors as times of Roman decline that they will correct. The same pattern appeared again after the murder of Domitian in 96. The reign of Nerva and, in particular, that of Trajan saw many senators like Pliny and Tacitus as well as authors like Plutarch echo these claims in their own work as a way to enhance their own reputations in what they framed as a new golden age.
Decline and False Renewal
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The rhetoric of decline, which had largely disappeared from political life by the late Antonine period, came back in the middle third century as political instability prompted new emperors to discredit the final emperor of the dynasty that preceded them. The lack of long-lived dynasties between 235 and 285 meant that many new emperors and imperial pretenders emphasized how the failings of their predecessors had brought Rome to a crisis point. Each deployed the rhetoric of restoration; the separatist regime of Postumus did so to a great degree. The restorations these new emperors promised often claimed significant numbers of victims, ranging from the Christians persecuted by Decius and Valerian to the soldiers and civilians killed in Aurelian’s wars to reunify the empire in the 270s. Christians like Cyprian also used rhetoric of decline to speak about persecutions, though Cyprian focused on moral deterioration within the Christian community.
Roman Renewal versus Christian Progress
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Constantine’s son Constantius II particularly worked to encourage the emergence of a new, Christian Roman Empire by restricting pagan practices and transferring pagan temples to the ownership of the church. Christian authors like Firmicus Maternus framed actions like these as a form of progress that moved the empire closer to a better, Christian condition—a dramatic break from the traditional cycle of decline and renewal. Constantius also elevated the new city of Constantinople to parity with Rome, an action described to the Roman senate by his propagandist Themistius. The pagan emperor Julian, Constantius’s successor, set about undoing many of the steps Constantine and his sons had taken. Julian framed these actions as a restoration of Roman power and religious traditions, but, in some ways, his initiatives departed from past practices as well.
The Loss of the Roman West and the Christian Future
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Roman decline that Symmachus prophesized arrived in the West as the fifth century began. The first half of the fifth century saw Rome sacked in 410 and the empire then lose extensive territories in Gaul, Spain, and North Africa between the 410s and 440s. Christian thinkers like Orosius, Salvian, and Augustine struggled to respond effectively to pagan criticisms that Rome’s break with its pagan traditions had precipitated this loss of territory. Augustine’s City of God in particular asked Christians to privilege the community of God over the troubled empire of this world, an empire that nevertheless could still serve a beneficial purpose to Christians. Writing after the capture of Gaul by barbarians, both Sidonius Apollinaris and Paulinus of Pella embraced a post-Roman future in which Christian devotion remained meaningful even after their ties to the Roman state had ended. The Christian and Roman futures had now diverged in the West.
The Retrenchment of One Roman Empire, the Resurgence of Another
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
By the middle of the ninth century, the Eastern Empire in Constantinople had begun a long recovery under the Macedonian dynasty. Although the rhetoric of decline and renewal was used to explain the necessity of the coup that brought Basil I, the first member of the dynasty, to power, the stability of the dynasty meant that emperors like Leo VI and authors writing about later Macedonian emperors like Constantine VII also often evoked the Antonine idea of renewal without decline. The tendency for tenth-century Macedonian rulers to rule alongside co-emperors meant that this rhetoric could blame the co-emperor for problems while affirming the basic continuity of the dynasty. After discussing the Macedonian dynasty, which ended in the 1050s, the chapter concludes by looking at the return of the rhetoric of decline in authors like Michael Psellus and Michael Attaleiates who worked in the troubled 1070s.
The Captures of Constantinople
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The emperor Alexius I Comnenus took power while promising to restore the strength of a battered empire but, by the mid-1080s, the empire had lost even more territory in Asia Minor. Alexius had built a working relationship with pope Urban II and, in 1095, the pope organized the first Crusade. The Crusading movement did help the Romans recover lands in Asia Minor, but Roman interactions with Crusaders were often fraught. The tensions culminated in the capture of Constantinople by soldiers of the Fourth Crusade, an action that they justified on the grounds that Roman virtue and piety had declined. Even with the capital captured, the rhetoric of Roman renewal continued in works like the history of Nicetas Choniates. It first helped galvanize resistance to the Crusaders in the city of Nicaea and then, in 1261, it provided a platform to celebrate the emperor Michael Palaeologus after he recaptured Constantinople.
Roman Renewal after the Fall
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Greek-speaking Romans writing after the fall of Constantinople soon abandoned hope of a final Roman renewal. Some, like Laonikos Chalkokondyles, looked to a renewed Hellenism that would reassert Greek virtues that the millennia-long Christian Roman period of Greek history had suppressed. Others, like Michael Critobulus, saw the Roman future as one in which Romans worked with the new Ottoman regime. Western figures ranging from Enea Sylvio Piccolomini (the future Pope Pius II) to the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I took up the idea of a restoration of Roman control of Constantinople spearheaded by the Holy Roman Empire. These ideas even inspired Maximilian’s grandson Charles V to undertake campaigns against the Ottomans in Europe and the Mediterranean that he equates to Republican and imperial Roman wars, but the combination of the Lutheran teaching and a French alliance with the Ottomans weakened Charles’s claims to universal, Christian Roman leadership.
The Articulation of Justification by Faith
Authors: Hampton Stephen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5 develops the theme of Reformed Conformist resilience during the reign of Charles I. Drawing principally on Ward’s numerous determinations on the subject, Davenant’s ambitious Praelectiones, and Ward’s posthumously published treatise on justifying faith, it establishes that the doctrine of justification by faith alone was likewise the subject of regular defence and articulation in Cambridge throughout the 1630s. It also underlines the consonance of their position with that outlined in Downame’s 1634 Treatise on Justification. As Prideaux’s lectures and Montagu’s remarks on the subject demonstrate, this doctrine was integral to the Reformed vision of grace. Its ongoing articulation further establishes the vibrancy of Conformist Reformed theological opinion in the 1630s.
Disputed Ceremonies and the Liturgical Year
Authors: Hampton Stephen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chapter 8 extends this analysis of the conformity of the Reformed Conformists, by establishing that they found spiritual value in the distinctive liturgical provisions of the Prayer Book. The chapter shows that Morton’s defence of three controversial English liturgical provisions did not merely defend them on the grounds of obedience, but also ascribed positive religious value to them, as parts of God’s worship. Featley’s Ancilla made the same point in relation to the liturgical year and Holdsworth in relation to the Lent Fast, an institution that distinguished the Church of England from the other Protestant churches of Europe. The chapter then uses Featley and Prideaux’s polemically inspired collections of sermons to demonstrate that Reformed Conformists believed the liturgical year might be profitably used by the faithful, and so become an instrument of divine predestination and a vehicle for Christian assurance.
The Men and Women of Avon
Authors: Manko Katina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During World War II, the size of the Avon representative salesforce shrank as women took jobs in the war industry. The stalwart representatives who remained with the company established the highest sales records in its history. When the war ended, the size of the sales force increased again but its efficiency lagged. Avon established new sales offices in cities and suburbs, carefully drawing territories that excluded African American and minority neighborhoods. The female agents who had traveled to recruit were tapped to manage the new city sales offices, creating a new middle-management rung on the corporate career ladder physically independent from the men at headquarters. They soon occupied a meaningful and influential position in the company, ensuring its success in the postwar era.