bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marc Boegner, une conscience missionnaire à l’épreuve des événements
Authors: Zorn Jean-François 
Published: March 2021

La présidence du Comité directeur de la Société des Missions évangéliques de Paris que Marc Boegner assume de 1948 à 1968 ne résume pas son engagement au service de la mission, bien qu’elle se déroule à une période décisive de la vie de la Société, avec l’accession à l’autonomie ecclésiale des neuf champs de mission d’Afrique, de Madagascar et du Pacifique et son effacement comme Société issue du Réveil du XIXe siècle. C’est à la charnière des XIXe et XXe siècles que la conscience missionnaire de Boegner est éveillée, sous l’influence de ses deux oncles, les pasteurs Tommy Fallot et Alfred Boegner ; le premier, auquel il succède dans la paroisse d’Aouste (Drôme) en 1904, est à la source de sa vocation pastorale et de sa découverte des prémices de la synodalisation du mouvement missionnaire ; le second, qui l’appelle en 1911 à la direction de l’École de formation des missionnaires de la Mission de Paris, façonne sa spiritualité. Marc Boegner entre au Comité en 1919 et, jusqu’en 1939, date à laquelle il en devient vice-président, il théorise deux sujets déterminants de son engagement : les liens structurels mission et unité des Églises et les rapports problématiques mission et colonisation. Parmi les événements qui éprouvent sa conscience missionnaire, sans toutefois l’affaiblir, son voyage à Madagascar à la suite de l’insurrection nationaliste de mars-avril 1947 : il découvre que leurs revendications indépendantistes doivent être accordées sans confusion à celles qui portent les Églises à revendiquer leur autonomie. Cette expérience le guidera dans les visites ultérieures rendues aux Églises auxquelles il vient, au nom de la Mission de Paris, octroyer l’autonomie.
Crack Growth Sensitivity to the Magnitude and Frequency of Load Fluctuation in Stage 1b of High-pH Stress Corrosion Cracking
Authors: Niazi Hamid , Nelson Greg , Lamborn Lyndon , Eadie Reg , Chen Weixing , Zhang Hao 
Published: March 2021

Pipelines undergo sequential stages before failure caused by high-pH stress corrosion cracking. These sequential stages are the incubation stage, intergranular crack initiation (Stage 1a), crack evolution to provide the condition for mechanically driven crack growth (Stage 1b), sustainable mechanically driven crack propagation (Stage 2), and rapid crack propagation to failure (Stage 3). The crack propagation mechanisms in Stage 1b are composed of the nucleation and growth of secondary cracks on the free surface and crack coalescence of secondary cracks with one another and the primary crack. These mechanisms continue until the stress intensity factor (K) at the crack tip reaches a critical value, known as KISCC. This investigation took a novel approach to study Stage 1b in using precracked compact tension (CT) specimens. Using precracked specimens and maintaining K at less than KISCC provided an opportunity to study crack initiation on the surface of the specimen under plane stress conditions in the presence of a pre-existing crack. In the present work, the effects of cyclic loading characteristics on crack growth behavior during Stage 1b were studied. It was observed that the pre-existing cracks during Stage 1b led to the initiation of secondary cracks. The initiation of the secondary cracks at the crack tip depended on loading characteristics, i.e., the amplitude and frequency of load fluctuations. The secondary cracks at the crack tip can be classified into four categories based on their positions with respect to the primary crack. Low R-ratio cycles generated an evident cyclic plastic zone, where high density of intergranular cracks were formed. The higher the frequency of the low R-ratio cycles, the higher the density of the intergranular cracks forming in the cyclic plastic zone. The crack growth rate increased with an increase in either the amplitude or the frequency of the load fluctuations. The minimum and maximum crack growth rates were 8 × 10−9 mm/s and 4.2 × 10−7 mm/s, respectively, with the R-ratio varying between 0.2 and 0.9, frequency varying between 10−4 Hz and 5 × 10−2 Hz, and at a fixed stress intensity factor of 15 MPa√m. It was found that avoiding rapid and large load fluctuations slowed down crack geometry evolution and delayed the onset of Stage 2. The implication of these results for pipeline operators is that reducing internal pressure fluctuations by reducing the frequency and/or amplitude of the fluctuations can expand Stage 1 and increase the reliable lifetime of operating pipelines.
Potential of acha (Digitaria spp.) grains as feedstuff for chicken diets in the wake of Covid-19 pandemic challenges: A review
Authors: Ukim C. I. , Ndelekwute E. K. , Kennedy O. O. , Ayuk A. A. , Agwunobi L. N. 
Published: March 2021

Current fall in supply of feedstuff and high price of feed ingredients is mainly due to Covid-19 pandemic which has put farmers out of farms. Maize, sorghum and millet the major cereal grains used in poultry feed production have become more expensive and strategies need to be adopted to ameliorate this. Hence a review study was carried out to unravel the potentials of acha grains as a feedstuff which is in the class of maize in poultry feeds. Acha is a tiny cereal grain grown in Northern part of Nigeria which is not popular in poultry feeds. Its starch content (80%) is high, low crude fibre (1.0%), appreciable level of lysine (more than 1.0%) and methionine (0.40%) and higher metabolizable energy (3700 Kcal_ME/kg) compared to maize. Its nutrient digestibility is high in terms of starch, crude protein and crude fibre. Though acha contains anti-nutritional factors such as tannins, saponin and phytic acid, the levels of the anti-nutritional factors are comparable to maize and are tolerated by chickens. Both the polished and unpolished acha grains could be used in place of maize, sorghum and millet. With vast area of land in Northern part of Nigeria, production and supply of acha to feed millers could be sustained, which could lead to a reduction in the price of maize and improved profit maximization by farmers.

La baisse actuelle de l'offre d'aliments pour animaux et le prix élevé des ingrédients alimentaires sont principalement dus à la pandémie de Covid-19 qui a poussé les agriculteurs à quitter les fermes. Le maïs, le sorgho et le millet, les principales céréales utilisées dans la production d'aliments pour la volaille, sont devenues plus chères et des stratégies doivent être adoptées pour y remédier. Par conséquent, une étude de revue a été menée pour démêler le potentiel des grains d'acha en tant qu'aliment qui appartient à la classe du maïs dans les aliments pour volaille. Acha est une minuscule céréale cultivée dans la partie nord du Nigéria qui n'est pas populaire dans les aliments pour volaille. Sa teneur en amidon (80%) est élevée, faible en fibres brutes (1.0%), un niveau appréciable de lysine (plus de 1.0%) et de méthionine (0.40%) et une énergie métabolisable plus élevée (3700 Kcal_ME / kg) par rapport au maïs. Sa digestibilité des nutriments est élevée en termes d'amidon, de protéines brutes et de fibres brutes. Bien que l'acha contienne des facteurs antinutritionnels tels que les tanins, la saponine et l'acide phytique, les niveaux des facteurs antinutritionnels sont comparables à ceux du maïs et sont tolérés par les poulets. Les grains d'acha polis et non polis peuvent être utilisés à la place du maïs, du sorgho et du millet. Avec une vaste superficie de terres dans la partie nord du Nigéria, la production et la fourniture d'acha aux meuniers pourraient être soutenues, ce qui pourrait entraîner une réduction du prix du maïs et une meilleure maximisation des profits par les agriculteurs.
Direct and indirect influence of coronavirus on livestock production management
Authors: Olaifa K. A. , Agbeja A. O. , Asinwa I. O. , Akindolu D. R. , Akinlade M. S. 
Published: March 2021

The pandemic is not new in the history of humanity. The pandemic called COVID-19 disease has a great impact on the actions and activities of humanity and consequently on the Environment. Food demand and thus food security are greatly affected due to mobility restrictions, reduced purchasing power and with a greater impact on the most vulnerable population groups. The COVID-19 crisis has threatened the livestock production, food security and nutrition of millions of people, many of whom were already suffering. This review paper highlights these effects and proffered solutions to the problems.

La pandémie n'est pas nouvelle dans l'histoire de l'humanité. La pandémie appelée maladie COVID-19 a un grand impact sur les actions et les activités de l'humanité et par conséquent sur l'environnement. La demande alimentaire et donc la sécurité alimentaire sont fortement affectées en raison des restrictions de mobilité, de la réduction du pouvoir d'achat et d'un impact plus important sur les groupes de population les plus vulnérables. La crise du COVID-19 a menacé la production animale, la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition de millions de personnes, dont beaucoup souffraient déjà. Cet article de synthèse met en évidence ces effets et propose des solutions aux problèmes.
Pesca artesanal, patrimonio cultural y educación social.
Authors: López-Martínez Gabriel , Espeso-Molinero Pilar 
Published: March 2021

En los últimos años, las comunidades europeas de pescadores han sufrido cambios estructurales importantes derivados de las distintas reformas de la Política de Pesca Común (PPC). Los instrumentos aplicados han provocado una transformación en este sector, afectando de manera significativa a las pequeñas poblaciones de pescadores. En este contexto, el estudio antropológico se presenta como una herramienta de gran valor para comprender las respuestas de individuos y comunidades a los nuevos retos. El presente trabajo, basado en información primaria y secundaria recogida en la Región de Murcia en la última década, explora algunas de estas respuestas. Los testimonios de los diferentes informantes muestran el debilitamiento de esta profesión como consecuencia de las herramientas políticas implementadas. La disminución del número de embarcaciones y de trabajadores independientes, unido a la falta de relevo generacional pone en riesgo el conocimiento tradicional de la pesca artesanal. Para reflexionar sobre el presente y el futuro de estas prácticas ancestrales, se exponen una serie de experiencias donde se presenta al pescador como intermediador o agente transmisor de conocimiento, vinculando el legado patrimonial a distintos sectores de la sociedad contemporánea.
In recent years, European fishing communities have undergone major structural changes resulting from the different reforms of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). The instruments implemented have led to a transformation in this sector, affecting small fishing stocks. In this context, we present an anthropological study as a tool of great value to understand the responses of individuals and communities to new challenges. This work, based on primary and secondary information collected in the last decade in the Region of Murcia (Spain), explores some of these responses. The testimonies of the different informants show the weakening of this profession as a result of the political tools implemented. Decreasing number of boats and self-employed workers, coupled with a lack of generational replacement puts at risk traditional knowledge of artisanal fishing. To reflect on the present and future of these ancestral practices, a series of experiences are presented where the fisherman is revealed as an intermediator or transmitting agent of knowledge, linking the heritage legacy to different sectors of contemporary society.
An open label trial of anakinra to prevent respiratory failure in COVID-19
Authors: Kyriazopoulou Evdoxia , Panagopoulos Periklis , Metallidis Symeon , Dalekos George N , Poulakou Garyphallia , Gatselis Nikolaos , Karakike Eleni , Saridaki Maria , Loli Georgia , Stefos Aggelos , Prasianaki Danai , Georgiadou Sarah , Tsachouridou Olga , Petrakis Vasileios , Tsiakos Konstantinos , Kosmidou Maria , Lygoura Vassiliki , Dareioti Maria , Milionis Haralampos , Papanikolaou Ilias C , Akinosoglou Karolina , Myrodia Dimitra-Melia , Gravvani Areti , Stamou Aliki , Gkavogianni Theologia , Katrini Konstantina , Marantos Theodoros , Trontzas Ioannis P , Syrigos Konstantinos , Chatzis Loukas , Chatzis Stamatios , Vechlidis Nikolaos , Avgoustou Christina , Chalvatzis Stamatios , Kyprianou Miltiades , van der Meer Jos WM , Eugen-Olsen Jesper , Netea Mihai G , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J 
Published: March 2021

Background:It was studied if early suPAR-guided anakinra treatment can prevent severe respiratory failure (SRF) of COVID-19.Methods:A total of 130 patients with suPAR ≥6 ng/ml were assigned to subcutaneous anakinra 100 mg once daily for 10 days. Primary outcome was SRF incidence by day 14 defined as any respiratory ratio below 150 mmHg necessitating mechanical or non-invasive ventilation. Main secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and inflammatory mediators; 28-day WHO-CPS was explored. Propensity-matched standard-of care comparators were studied.Results:22.3% with anakinra treatment and 59.2% comparators (hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.20–0.46) progressed into SRF; 30-day mortality was 11.5% and 22.3% respectively (hazard ratio 0.49; 95% CI 0.25–0.97). Anakinra was associated with decrease in circulating interleukin (IL)−6, sCD163 and sIL2-R; IL-10/IL-6 ratio on day 7 was inversely associated with SOFA score; patients were allocated to less severe WHO-CPS strata.Conclusions:Early suPAR-guided anakinra decreased SRF and restored the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance.Funding:This study was funded by the Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Technomar Shipping Inc, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, and the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme.Clinical trial number:NCT04357366.
Prevalence and correlates of low back pain among undergraduate medical students in Serbia, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ilic Irena , Milicic Vesna , Grujicic Sandra , Zivanovic Macuzic Ivana , Kocic Sanja , Ilic Milena D. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Low back pain (LBP) is a serious health problem among medical students. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors for LBP among Serbian medical students.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed among medical students at one University in Serbia. Data was collected by a self-reported questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with LBP; results from the analyses were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
The study sample comprised 499 medical students, giving a response rate of 92.9%. The mean age of the participants was 22.0 ± 2.2 years (range 18–34). Overall, 20.8% (104/499) of medical students had LBP at the time of study. Cigarette smoking (OR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.5–4.2], p = 0.001), stress during classes (OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.1–3.0], p = 0.039), incorrect sleeping position (OR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.2–3.1], p = 0.006) and family history of LBP (OR = 1.6, 95% CI [1.1–2.7], p = 0.047) were independently associated with high prevalence of LBP at the time of the study.

Conclusions
LBP is a highly prevalent health problem in medical students in Serbia. The association between LBP and cigarette smoking, stress during classes, incorrect sleeping position and LBP in family history has been observed in medical students.
Survey on Rice Blast and Morphological Characterization of Magnaporthe oryzae oryzae
Authors: Nazifa Z. , Aminuzzaman F. M. , Akhter K. , Rehena M. K. , Laila L. 
Published: March 2021

Aims: To survey and study morphological characterization of rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae oryzae (MoO) that has become a major factor limiting rice yield throughout the world.
Study Design: Complete Randomized Design (CRD).
Place and Duration of Study: Mycology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from June 2018 to December 2019.
Methodology: A survey was done in three northern districts of Bangladesh namely Gaibandha (Gobindogonj and Mohimagonj), Dinajpur (Birampur) and Bogura (Dupchanchia), disease incidence and severity was recorded and samples were collected. Five different media including Water Agar (WA), Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA), Rice flour Yeast Agar (RfYA) and Oat Meal Agar (OMA) were used to culture MoO. Colony characters like growth character, color, surface structure and shape of 28 MoO isolates were recorded in PDA.
Results: Among the three surveyed districts, the highest incidence (84.26%) of blast was recorded from Gobindogonj with a severity score of 7. The highest severity score 9.00 (65%) of blast was recorded in Mohimagonj where blast incidence was only 29.12%. Among the five different growth media highest mycelia growth was observed in Oat Meal Agar (20 mm) and lowest in Water Agar (10mm) at 7 DAI. Colony color of all the isolates was whitish grey to blackish with sufficient growth and the average colony diameter was 50 mm.
Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrate that there is a certain level of morphological diversity such as mycelial growth rate and colony characters like color, surface structure and shape exists among isolates of MoO.
Novel Co‐Doped Y2GeO5:Pr3+,Tb3+: Deep Trap Level Formation and Analog Binary Optical Storage with Submicron Information Points
Authors: Deng Mingxue , Liu Qian , Zhang Ying , Wang Caiyan , Guo Xinjun , Zhou Zhenzhen , Xu Xiaoke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOptical information storage (OIS) is considered as one of the most promising data storage methods due to unique advantages of high security, long life, and low‐energy consumption. Combination of optically stimulated luminescence of electron‐trapping materials (ETMs) and advanced optical technology has been proved to be a feasible approach to break through physical limitations of traditional storage technology. However, inorganic ETMs are limited to laboratory research, and have not realized the submicron recording point of “microscopic” analog optical storage so far. In this work, an exemplary application of OIS employing inorganic ETMs by a custom‐built optical system has been realized for the first time. Multidimensional triple traps are tailored through co‐doping of selective rare‐earth ions Tb3+ into Pr3+‐activated Y2GeO5. Furthermore, first principles calculations, combined with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low‐temperature electron spin resonance spectra, reveal the nature of trap levels. Remarkably, a {10 × 10} array of information points is automatically recorded in a bit‐by‐bit mode by a 515 nm femtosecond laser, then decoded by linear continuous scanning, and the emission spectrum between each two information points is detected to realize “0” and “1” in binary information. Hopefully, the present work can push forward practical application of inorganic ETMs in high‐density and super‐speed OIS.
Controlled Alloying of Au@Ag Core–Shell Nanorods Induced by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation
Authors: González‐Rubio Guillermo , Díaz‐Núñez Pablo , Albrecht Wiebke , Manzaneda‐González Vanesa , Bañares Luis , Rivera Antonio , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Peña‐Rodríguez Ovidio , Bals Sara , Guerrero‐Martínez Andrés 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBimetallic nanoparticles display unique physical and chemical properties, including improved chemical stability, enhanced optical properties, or higher catalytic activity. Here, a synthetic methodology is described to obtain bimetallic heterostructures and alloyed plasmonic nanocrystals through the irradiation of colloidal Au@Ag core–shell nanorods (Au@Ag NRs) with femtosecond laser pulses. Depending on the energy deposited on the Au@Ag NRs, different morphologies and degrees of alloying are obtained, such as hot‐dog‐like and rice‐like (partially alloyed) NRs, as well as fully alloyed nanospheres. By using advanced electron microscopy techniques and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) tomography, both the morphology and the elemental distribution of the irradiated nanoparticles can be disclosed, and correlated to detailed investigations of their optical properties using electromagnetic simulations. The wide variety of bimetallic species provided by the proposed approach is a clear indication of the potential of combining synthetic colloidal methods with fs‐pulsed laser irradiation for the fabrication of unique multielemental nanoparticles. The resulting control over size and composition raises promising prospects for catalytic, plasmonic, and magnetic applications of multimetallic nanocrystals.
A‐Site Cation Engineering in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (BA)2(MA1‐xAx)2Pb3I10 Perovskite Films
Authors: Ramos‐Terrón Susana , Verdugo‐Escamilla Cristóbal , Camacho Luis , de Miguel Gustavo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe partial incorporation of large organic cations into the octahedral sites of 3D perovskites has been widely investigated but few works have reported their addition in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites. Here, the gradual substitution of the methylammonium (MA) cation in thin films of 2D RP perovskites (BA)2(MA)2Pb3I10 (BA = n‐butylammonium) by guanidinium (Gua), dimethylammonium (DA), ethylammonium (EA), rubidium (Rb), propylammonium (PA), cesium (Cs) or formamidinium (FA) to synthesize mixed A‐cation (BA)2(MA1‐xAx)2Pb3I10 perovskites has been studied. The limit in the percentage of the A‐site cation at which it is homogeneously incorporated in all n phases without destabilizing the overall structure is determined. It is found that the structural changes in the 2D RP perovskites may lead to modifications of the optoelectronic properties as larger bandgap (EA), blue‐shift of the PL peak position (above the threshold), strong quenching of the PL (Cs) or reduced concentration of trap states (Gua and EA). Solar devices fabricated with the different mixed A‐cation 2D RP display an enhanced performance for those perovskites containing low percentages of Gua or EA cations. This characterization is very valuable to correlate the size and shape of the A‐cation with the changes of the properties of the material.
Delignified Wood from Understanding the Hierarchically Aligned Cellulosic Structures to Creating Novel Functional Materials: A Review
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Jyske Tuula , Petrič Marko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUtilization of hierarchically aligned natural cellulosic structures has become a leading natural template scaffold for a diverse range of functional applications. This natural scaffold derived from wood by partial or full removal of lignin without altering or disturbing the hierarchically aligned cellulosic structure is known as delignified wood (DW). Over the past five years, various types of functional materials for diverse applications have been fabricated using DW. This review aims to highlight the significance of DW in functional material development by discussing the delignification impacts on the wood cell wall properties and review the different strategies used in functional materials fabrication. The first part of this review discusses the fundamental aspects of wood cell wall structure in relation to wood chemistry and lignin biosynthesis. The second part focuses on the different delignification methods used in partial and full lignin removal from wood cell walls and the fundamental properties (i.e., physical, mechanical, and chemical) of DW. The third part of this review discusses the strategies and the detailed current literature regarding the development of diverse functional materials based on DW. A greater understanding of DW provides the potential for further development of DW‐based functional materials for a diverse range of future applications.