bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not great, not terrible: distance learning of chemistry in Russian secondary schools during COVID-19
Authors: Anokhin Evgeny O. , Aleshin Gleb Yu. , Tishkin Alexey A. , Korolev Vladimir V. , Sobol Alexander G. , Evdokimov Konstantin M. , Chepiga Alexey A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has influenced virtually all aspects of our life, in particular, hundreds of millions of people around the world have been forced to study online. To observe the practical realization of emergency remote teaching of chemistry during the first wave of COVID-19 in Russia we gave the survey to 217 teachers and 355 students from more than 50% regions of Russia about their experience during distance learning of chemistry. 17% of students were lacking chemistry lessons at all. We compared this with the situation in Letovo international boarding school in Moscow and found relative success in terms of lessons adaptation and overall satisfaction compared to the Russia-wide survey. This might be because of the fine educational organization effort and implemented learning management system (LMS). There is a high probability of a second COVID-19 wave or any other occasion that may lead to sudden change to distance learning. Teacher community should learn from world-wide and country-wide experiences of the first COVID-19 wave to become prepared for future challenges. Those preparation measures may include implementing LMS and strategy development.
Practice Makes Dialogue: Reconceptualizing Constitutional Interaction between Courts and Legislatures
Authors: Yosef Bell E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The question of how to understand and conceptualize inter-institutional interaction between courts and legislatures, particularly in the context of constitutional challenges, has drawn considerable attention over the years. This question is of special importance to the apprehension of constitutional dialogue as simultaneously describing and shaping constitutional interaction. This article focuses on the descriptive aspects of the constitutional dialogue and through them proposes a reconceptualization of constitutional dialogue, which is not based on the mere existence of legislative responses or the number thereof, or on the existence of different structural constitutional mechanisms. Instead, this reconceptualization is based on the de facto use in constitutional practices during the routine constitutional examination process, by the judiciary and political branches altogether. The article introduces a breadth-and-depth approach, which observes many constitutional decisions and legislative responses and uses them to analyze the nature of courts-legislatures dynamics. These insights are derived not only from the mere existence of a ruling or a statute, but also from the content and design of the institutional outcome thereof. The conclusions drawn using this approach are comprehensive, providing insight into the constitutional and dialogic interaction between courts and legislatures in each constitutional system, as well as identifying trends and changes as they occur. The article also offers an application of this approach to Israeli jurisprudence, illuminating the depth and complexity of this interaction, and enabling us to recognize it as a constitutional system with strong dialogic characteristics.
Underwater wireless optical communication: a case study of chlorophyll effect
Authors: Mikhlif Haitham Mawlood , Ali Mazin Ali A. , Saleh Zeyad A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a system was designed to simulate the study and analyze the effect of chlorophyll on the underwater wireless optical communication system. Chlorophyll was extracted and characterized by measuring absorption and fluorescence spectra, the performance of system was observed by mixing various volumes added to water. The optical beam was modulated at different frequencies by the frequency shift key, once through clean water and once through water mixed with chlorophyll and different metrics such as received power (P

r
), attenuation coefficient (α), peak-to-peak voltage (V
p-p), voltage gain (A

v
), and signal-to-noise ratio were measured to assess the performance of the system. The results refer that the system exhibits a good link quality to the received frequencies under different conditions.
Vasa previa: when antenatal diagnosis can change fetal prognosis
Authors: Sutera Miriam , Garofalo Anna , Pilloni Eleonora , Parisi Silvia , Alemanno Maria Grazia , Menato Guido , Sciarrone Andrea , Viora Elsa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Evaluate ultrasound diagnostic accuracy, maternal−fetal characteristics and outcomes in case of vasa previa diagnosed antenatally, postnatally or with spontaneous resolution before delivery.

Methods
Monocentric retrospective study enrolling women with antenatal or postnatal diagnosis of vasa previa at Sant’Anna Hospital in Turin from 2007 to 2018. Vasa previa were defined as fetal vessels that lay 2 cm within the uterine internal os using 2D and Color Doppler transvaginal ultrasound. Diagnosis was confirmed at delivery and on histopathological exam. Vasa previa with spontaneous resolutions were defined as fetal vessels that migrate >2 cm from uterine internal os during scheduled ultrasound follow-ups in pregnancy.

Results
We enrolled 29 patients (incidence of 0.03%). Ultrasound antenatally diagnosed 25 vasa previa (five had a spontaneous resolution) while four were diagnosed postnatally, with an overall sensitivity of 96.2%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 96.2%, and negative predictive value of 100%. Early gestational age at diagnosis is significally associate with spontaneously resolution (p 0.023; aOR 1.63; 95% IC 1.18–2.89). Nearly 93% of our patient had a risk factor for vasa previa: placenta previa at second trimester or low-lying placenta, bilobated placenta, succenturiate cotyledon, velametous cord insertion or assisted reproduction technologies.

Conclusions
Maternal and fetal outcomes in case of vasa previa antenatally diagnosed are significally improved. Our data support the evaluation of umbilical cord insertion during routine second trimester ultrasound and a targeted screening for vasa previa in women with risk factor: it allows identification of fetus at high risk, reducing fetal mortality in otherwise healthy newborns.
What participles are a mixture of
Authors: Van Eynde Frank 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is commonly assumed that participles show a mixture of verbal and adjectival properties, but the issue of how this mixed nature can best be captured is anything but settled. Analyses range from the purely adjectival to the purely verbal with various shades in between. This lack of consensus is at least partly due to the fact that participles are used in a variety of ways and that an analysis which fits one of them is not necessarily equally plausible for the other. In an effort to overcome the resulting fragmentation this paper proposes an analysis that covers all uses of the participles, from the adnominal over the predicative to the free adjunct uses, including also the nominalized ones. To keep it feasible we focus on one language, namely Dutch. With the help of a treebank we first identify the uses of the Dutch participles and describe their properties in informal terms. In a second step we provide an analysis in terms of the notation of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. A key property of the analysis is the differentiation between core uses and grammaticalized uses. The treatment of the latter is influenced by insights from Grammaticalization Theory.
On the grammaticality of morphosyntactically reduced remnants in Polish sluicing
Authors: Nykiel Joanna , Kim Jong-Bok 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the grammaticality status of reduced sluicing remnants (i.e., remnants realized as NPs due to preposition drop) in Polish. We provide experimental evidence that reduced remnants are variously acceptable in a specific environment (where there is a prior explicit correspondent in the antecedent clause) and are as unacceptable as ungrammatical structures elsewhere. We interpret this pattern as reflecting elaboration effects (i.e., effects that the degree of elaboration of explicit correspondents has on the acceptability of reduced remnants) that follow from the cue-based retrieval theory of sentence processing. Our data support the option of treating reduced remnants as ungrammatical but sometimes acceptable and the option of treating them as grammatical but sometimes degraded, and we discuss how they fit into the current theories of clausal ellipsis.
Pentagonal quasigroups, their translatability and parastrophes
Authors: Dudek Wieslaw A. , Monzo Robert A. R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Any pentagonal quasigroup

Q

Q

is proved to have the product

x
y
=
φ

(

x

)

+
y
−
φ

(

y

)

xy=\varphi \left(x)+y-\varphi (y)

, where

(

Q
,
+

)

\left(Q,+)

is an Abelian group,

φ

\varphi

is its regular automorphism satisfying

φ

4

−

φ

3

+

φ

2

−
φ
+
ε
=
0

{\varphi }^{4}-{\varphi }^{3}+{\varphi }^{2}-\varphi +\varepsilon =0

and

ε

\varepsilon

is the identity mapping. All Abelian groups of order

n
<
100

n\lt 100

inducing pentagonal quasigroups are determined. The variety of commutative, idempotent, medial groupoids satisfying the pentagonal identity

(

x
y
⋅
x

)

y
⋅
x
=
y

\left(xy\cdot x)y\cdot x=y

is proved to be the variety of commutative, pentagonal quasigroups, whose spectrum is

{

1

1

n

:
n
=
0
,
1
,
2
,

…

}

\left\{1{1}^{n}:n=0,1,2,\ldots \right\}

. We prove that the only translatable commutative pentagonal quasigroup is

x
y
=

(

6
x
+
6
y

)

(

mod

11

)

xy=\left(6x+6y)\left({\rm{mod}}\hspace{0.33em}11)

. The parastrophes of a pentagonal quasigroup are classified according to well-known types of idempotent translatable quasigroups. The translatability of a pentagonal quasigroup induced by the group

Z

n

{{\mathbb{Z}}}_{n}

and its automorphism

φ

(

x

)

=
a
x

\varphi \left(x)=ax

is proved to determine the value of

a

a

and the range of values of

n

n

.
Quantum effects of gas flow in nanochannels
Authors: Wang Xuefang , Dong Xianshan , Xiao Junfeng , Zhang YuYu , Xu Jianfeng , Liu Sheng , Gao Liang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBased on the thermal theory of Newtonian mechanics, the pressure difference in the macro channels will drive the gas flow until the pressure difference inside is zero. However, the 12-year vacuum packaging experiments in our laboratory showed that when the macroscopic channel is reduced to a critical size and reaches the nanometer level, the gas flow inside the channel is hindered, that is, the differential pressure cannot become zero. To explain this paradoxical phenomenon, this study analyzes the flow of air molecules in the channel by using the De Broglie’s matter waves and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Based on the law of quantum mechanics, when the diameter of the nanochannel is reduced to a certain size, it has a localized high pressure in the channel, which impedes the gas flow. This article introduces quantum mechanics into nanochannel’s gas fluid dynamics for the first time, expanding the new direction of fluid mechanics.
Overview of nanocellulose as additives in paper processing and paper products
Authors: Li Ao , Xu Dezhong , Luo Lu , Zhou Yalan , Yan Wen , Leng Xin , Dai Dasong , Zhou Yonghui , Ahmad Hassan , Rao Jiuping , Fan Mizi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The rapid economic growth and environmental concerns have led to high demands on paper and paper-based products in terms of variety, quantity, quality, and specialty. Enhancement and functionalization with additives are constantly required. Moving away from traditional petroleum-based additives, researchers have attempted to use “green” nanoadditives by introducing renewable environmentally friendly nanocellulose. This article studies the functions of nanocellulose as bio-additives (enhancer, retention and filtration reagent, and coating aid) in paper and paper products, and overviews the research development of nanocellulose-based additives and their applications in the paper industry for both efficient production and paper functionalization. The review shows that (1) a variety of nanocellulose-based bioadditives have been reported for various applications in paper and paper-based products, while commercially viable developments are to be advanced; (2) nanocellulose was mostly formulated with other polymer and particles as additives to achieve their synergistic effects; (3) major interests have concentrated on the nanocellulose in the specialty papers as representing more value added products and in the efficient utilization of recycled fibers, which remains most attractive and promising for future development. This report shall provide most useful database information for researchers and industries for paper recycling and enhancement, and paper-based products innovation and application.
Advances in polymeric ionic liquids-based smart polymeric materials: emerging fabrication strategies
Authors: Ejeromedoghene Onome , Oderinde Olayinka , Adewuyi Sheriff 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) are a class of materials characterized by fascinating physicochemical properties as well as tunable functionality that are quite interesting for the fabrication of materials. They have attracted tremendous attention because they are easy to prepare and can be manipulated into a polymeric matrix via covalent and noncovalent linkage/interactions to form new intelligent/smart polymeric materials with improved properties and multiple functionalities for application in many fields. These new materials are specially designed to change their performance properties when subjected to external environmental stimuli including pH, temperature, light, chemicals and electromagnetic fields. Therefore, this chapter presents the progress in the preparation of PILs via different polymerization reactions and highlights the emerging advances in the fabrication of PILs-based smart polymeric materials.
Relationship between percolation mechanism and pore characteristics of recycled permeable bricks based on X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Lian Songsong , Meng Tao , Song Hongqi , Wang Zhongjia , Li Jiabin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The relationship between percolation mechanism and pore characteristics for recycled permeable bricks with different porosities is investigated in this study based on X-ray computed tomography (X-CT). Permeability coefficients are measured and some characteristics including size, amount, and distribution of the pore are analysed. The results show that the effective porosity and permeability coefficient of the recycled permeable bricks exhibit a linear relationship first and then a quadratic curve relationship, where the critical effective porosity is 12%. Meanwhile, we discovered that nonlinear channels in permeable bricks are larger and fewer compared with linear percolation channels, regardless of whether the percolation stage is linear or nonlinear. Additionally, when the area and number ratios of the linear and nonlinear percolation channels reached 80% and 10%, respectively, the overall percolation state of the permeable bricks changed from linear to nonlinear percolation. This research is helpful to improve the mechanical and percolation properties of recycled concrete bricks and promote the application of porous permeable material.
Analisis Kompetensi dan Pengembangan Karir Pegawai dengan Employee Engagement Sebagai Intervening dalam Peningkatan Kinerja ASN Kecamatan di Wilayah Kota Depok
Authors: Hidayat Hidayat , Manggabarani Alfatih , Sumardjo Mahendro 
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of employee competence and career development on employee engagement and performance, with employee engagement serving as an intervening variable. The research sample consists of 82 employees from the District State Civil Apparatus in the Depok City area. During the data analysis with PLS (Partial Least Square). According to the findings of this study, ASN competence has no significant effect on performance, with a path coefficient of 0.133 (p value 0.150 > 0.05), and State Civil Apparatus competence has no significant effect on employee engagement, with a path coefficient of 0.058 (p value 0.692 > 0.05). This demonstrates the need for an increase.Keywords: Competence, Employee Career Development, Employee engagement, Employee Performance AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi pegawai dan pengembangan karir terhadap employee engagement dan kinerja dengan variable employee engagement yang berperan sebagai variabel intervening. Sampel penelitian adalah Aparatur Sipil Negara Kecamatan di wilayah Kota Depok dengan jumlah sample 82 pegawai. Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan PLS (Partial Least Square). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi ASN tidak signifikan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja dengan koefisien jalur sebesar 0.133 (p value 0.150 > 0,05) dan kompetensi Aparatur Sipil Negara juga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Employee engagement dengan koefisien jalur sebesar 0.058 (p value 0.692 > 0.05). Hal ini menunjukan perlunya ada peningkatan kompetensi Aparatur Sipil Negara Kecamatan di wilayah Kota Depok.Kata Kunci: Kompetensi, Pengembangan Karir Pegawai, Employee engagement, Kinerja Pegawai
PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANC PATTERNS OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES IN EYGPT
Authors: El-Naenaeey El-sayed , Abd El-Hamid Marwa , Khalifa Eman 
Published: May 2021

Campylobacter food poisoning is understated in developing countries. To determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of this pathogen in Zagazig City, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, a total of 286 samples from chicken (195), cattle (47) and human (44) were collected. Bacteriological examination of the collected samples revealed high prevalence rates of Campylobacter species from human stool, chicken and raw milk samples (90.91%, 86.15% and 82.98%, respectively). C. jejuni was recognized as the most frequently recovered species (63.29%). There were no significant effects on the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. based on the sample type (p = 0.54). Thirty eight campylobacter isolates were confirmed molecularly using PCR amplification of 23S rRNA gene. Furthermore, PCR targeting mapA and ceuE genes were then applied for the confirmation of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, respectively. The antibiotic resistance results showed that all isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin and erythromycin. On the other hand, the lowest resistance rates were detected against amikacin, impenem and cefoxitin (28.74%, 32.39% and 47.77, respectively). In total, 207 (83.81%) campylobacter isolates were MDR, while 38 isolates (15.38%) and 2 chicken C. jejuni isolates (0.81%) were XDR and PDR, respectively. One hundred and forty five antimicrobial resistance profiles were generated with an MAR index of 0.45 or greater. Our results suggested that the presence of MDR campylobacters in chicken and raw milk, specifically to erythromycin and/ or ciproﬂoxacin aggravates the human health alarm and emphasizes the necessity to educate the consumers about the safeness and the goodness of such foods.
OPTIMIZING THE PRODUCTION OF PECTINASE OF ORANGE PEEL WASTE BY PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM MF318506 USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY IN SUBMERGED FERMENTATION
Authors: Nehad E. Ahmed Nehad , Rahman Hassan Mohamed M. Abd El 
Published: May 2021

Pectinases find wide application in different industrial applications, e.g., textile, food, tea, paper and pulp, vegetable oil extractions, saccharification of agricultural remains, and in fermented drinks. Three fungal strains were screened for pectinase production. Results indicated that all strains are capable of producing a pectinase enzyme. Penicillium chrysogenum MF318506 showed the highest pectinase activity (0.214 U/ml) on the recommended medium at 30 ◦C at 150 rpm, on 6 days. Different agricultural wastes (orange peel, banana peel, potato peel, pomegranate peel, wheat bran, and rice bran) were screened as a carbon source. The maximum pectinase activity of 0.48U/ml was obtained from Orange peel and was selected for further studies. Screening of important medium components for pectinase production by the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) showed that the maximum pectinase activity of 1.057 U/ml was achieved with 3 % orange peel, 2.0 g/l (NH4)2SO4, 6.0 g/l peptone, 6.0 g/l KH2PO4, 6.0 g/l K2HPO4, 0.1 g/l MgSO4.7H2O, 0.5 g/l KCl and 0.1 g/l FeSO4. Finally, the Box-Behken design (BBD) which uses the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to further optimization of the selected factors using the PBD. The maximum pectinase activity of 1.292U/ml was observed at 2.5% orange peel and 4.5 g/l peptone. The Statistical optimization, enhanced the pectinase production by 6.04 folds using Orange peel waste as a substrate. The pectinase produced by Penicillium chrysogenum MF318506 has potential applications in different industrial fields.
Activation of the Amiloride-Sensitive Epithelial Sodium Channel by the Serine Protease mCAP1 Expressed in a Mouse Cortical Collecting Duct Cell Line
Authors: VUAGNIAUX GRÉGOIRE , VALLET VÉRONIQUE , JAEGER NICOLE FOWLER , PFISTER CORINNE , BENS MARCELLE , FARMAN NICOLETTE , COURTOIS-COUTRY NATHALIE , VANDEWALLE ALAIN , ROSSIER BERNARD C. , HUMMLER EDITH 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
This study examines whether serine proteases can activate the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (ENaC) in mammalian kidney epithelial cells. The transepithelial sodium transport assessed by amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current appears to be sensitive to aprotinin, a protease inhibitor in a mouse cortical collecting duct cell line (mpkCCDc14). This result indicated that serine proteases may be implicated in the regulation of ENaC-mediated sodium transport. Using degenerated oligonucleotides to a previously isolated serine protease from Xenopus, xCAP1 (channel activating protease), a novel full-length serine protease (mCAP1), has been isolated and characterized. RNA analysis showed a broad pattern of expression in tissues (kidney, lung, colon, and salivary glands) expressing ENaC. Reverse transcription-PCR experiments also showed that mCAP1 was abundantly expressed in proximal tubule cells and was also expressed in intact and cultured collecting duct cells. Coexpression of the Xenopus, rat, or human α-, β-, and γ-ENaC subunits in Xenopus oocytes also showed that mCAP1 induces a significant increase in ENaC-mediated current accompanied by a decrease of channel molecules at the cell surface. It is proposed that this novel mouse channel activating protease may act as a regulator of ENaC within the kidney.