bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association among emotional and behavioural problems, sexual minority status and suicidal behaviours in adolescents: a cross-sectional study from Guangdong Province in China
Authors: Li Wenyan , Guo Lan , Zhang Sheng , Wang Wanxin , Chen Xiaoliang , Li Qian , Lu Ciyong 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThis study was conducted to estimate whether emotional and behavioural problems mediate the association between sexual minority status and suicidal behaviour among Chinese adolescents. We also tested whether such mediation is moderated by the sex assigned at birth.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingA secondary analysis of the cross-sectional data collected from 7th-grade to 12th-grade students in junior high schools (n=36), senior high schools (n=24) and vocational high schools (n=12) in six cities of Guangdong Province, China. A multistage, stratified cluster, random sampling method was used in the 2019 School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey.ParticipantsA total of 16 663 students aged 11–20 years.Outcome measuresTwo main psychological and mental health outcomes: (1) self-reported version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to measure emotional and behavioural problems; and (2) presence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the past 12 months.ResultsEmotional and behavioural problems (peer problems, emotional problems, conduct problems and hyperactivity) partially mediated the effects of sexual minority status on suicidal ideation (indirect effect=0.020, 95% CI 0.015 to 0.025) and suicide attempts (indirect effect=0.012, 95% CI 0.009 to 0.016), accounting for 18.18% and 14.46% of the total effect, respectively. Further moderated mediation analyses revealed a greater risk of suicidality among sexual minority girls.ConclusionsEmotional and behavioural problems partially explained the increased risk of suicidality among sexual minority adolescents, and appreciably higher among sexual minority girls than boys. To prevent subsequent suicidality, the risks of emotional and behavioural problems in sexual minority adolescents should be identified at an early stage and reduced by means of preventive measures.
Taking patients to the ice cream shop but telling them that they cannot have ice cream: a qualitative study of orthopaedic spine clinicians’ perceptions of persistent low back pain consultations
Authors: Braeuninger-Weimer Kathrin Louise , Anjarwalla Naffis , McGregor Alison H , Roberts Lisa , Sell Philip , Pincus Tamar 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the perceptions of orthopaedic clinicians about consultations for people with persistent musculoskeletal low back pain (PMLBP) in which surgery is not recommended. Surgery is not recommended for the majority of PMLBP consulting in secondary care settings.SettingSecondary care sector in the UK.ParticipantsSemi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 24 orthopaedic team clinicians from 17 different hospitals in the UK and Ireland. Interviews explored clinicians’ perceptions of the challenges in consultations where surgery is not indicated. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwo meta-themes, Difficulties and Enablers, each consisting of several subthemes were identified. Difficulties included challenges around the choice of appropriate terminology and labels for PMLBP, managing patients’ expectations, working with mentally vulnerable patients and explaining imaging findings. Enablers included early management of expectations, use of routine imaging, triaging, access to direct referral elsewhere, including other non-surgical practitioners in the team, training to improve communication skills and understanding of psychological issues.ConclusionThe findings highlight clinicians’ perceived need for concordance in messages delivered across the care pathway and training of orthopaedic clinicians to deliver effective reassurance and address patients’ needs in circumstances where surgery is not indicated.
Cancer symptom experience and help-seeking behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a cross-sectional population survey
Authors: Quinn-Scoggins Harriet D , Cannings-John Rebecca , Moriarty Yvonne , Whitelock Victoria , Whitaker Katriina L , Grozeva Detelina , Hughes Jacqueline , Townson Julia , Osborne Kirstie , Goddard Mark , McCutchan Grace M , Waller Jo , Robling Michael , Hepburn Julie , Moore Graham , Gjini Ardiana , Brain Kate 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo understand self-reported potential cancer symptom help-seeking behaviours and attitudes during the first 6 months (March–August 2020) of the UK COVID-19 pandemic.DesignUK population-based survey conducted during August and September 2020. Correlates of help-seeking behaviour were modelled using logistic regression in participants reporting potential cancer symptoms during the previous 6 months. Qualitative telephone interviews with a purposeful subsample of participants, analysed thematically.SettingOnline UK wide survey.Participants7543 adults recruited via Cancer Research UK online panel provider (Dynata) and HealthWise Wales (a national register of ‘research ready’ participants) supplemented with social media (Facebook and Twitter) recruitment. 30 participants were also interviewed.Main outcome measuresSurvey measures included experiences of 15 potential cancer symptoms, help-seeking behaviour, barriers and prompts to help-seeking.ResultsOf 3025 (40.1%) participants who experienced a potential cancer symptom, 44.8% (1355/3025) had not contacted their general practitioner (GP). Odds of help-seeking were higher among participants with disability (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.38, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.71) and who experienced more symptoms (aOR=1.68, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.82), and lower among those who perceived COVID-19 as the cause of symptom(s) (aOR=0.36, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.52). Barriers included worries about wasting the doctor’s time (1158/7543, 15.4%), putting strain on healthcare services (945, 12.6%) and not wanting to make a fuss (907, 12.0%). Interviewees reported reluctance to contact the GP due to concerns about COVID-19 and fear of attending hospitals, and described putting their health concerns on hold.ConclusionsMany people avoided healthcare services despite experiencing potential cancer symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Alongside current help-seeking campaigns, well-timed and appropriate nationally coordinated campaigns should signal that services are open safely for those with unusual or persistent symptoms.Trial registration numberISRCTN17782018.
Insights into the association of ACEIs/ARBs use and COVID-19 prognosis: a multistate modelling study of nationwide hospital surveillance data from Belgium
Authors: Peñalvo José L. , Genbrugge Els , Mertens Elly , Sagastume Diana , van der Sande Marianne A B , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Van Beckhoven Dominique 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThe widespread use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) by patients with chronic conditions raised early concerns on the potential exacerbation of COVID-19 severity and fatality. Previous studies addressing this question have used standard methods that may lead to biased estimates when analysing hospital data because of the presence of competing events and event-related dependency. We investigated the association of ACEIs/ARBs’ use with COVID-19 disease outcomes using time-to-event data in a multistate setting to account for competing events and minimise bias.SettingNationwide surveillance data from 119 Belgian hospitals.ParticipantsMedical records of 10 866 patients hospitalised from 14 March 2020to 14 June 2020 with a confirmed SARS-CoV-19 infection and information about ACEIs/ARBs’ use.Primary outcome measureMultistate, multivariate Cox-Markov models were used to estimate the hazards of patients transitioning through health states from admission to discharge or death, along with transition probabilities calculated by combining the baseline cumulative hazard and regression coefficients.ResultsAfter accounting for potential confounders, there was no discernable association between ACEIs/ARBs’ use and transfer to intensive care unit (ICU). Contrastingly, for patients without ICU transfer, ACEIs/ARBs’ use was associated with a modest increase in recovery (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.13, p=0.027) and reduction in fatality (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.93, p=0.001) transitions. For patients transferred to ICU admission, no evidence of an association between ACEIs/ARBs’ use and recovery (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.38, p=0.098) or in-hospital death (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.12, p=0.381) was observed. Male gender and older age were significantly associated with higher risk of ICU admission or death. Chronic cardiometabolic comorbidities were also associated with less recovery.ConclusionsFor the first time, a multistate model was used to address magnitude and direction of the association of ACEIs/ARBs’ use on COVID-19 progression. By minimising bias, this study provided a robust indication of a protective, although modest, association with recovery and survival.
Perceptions of experts on key injury risk factors in alpine ski racing as a function of stakeholder role and associated level of competition
Authors: Kiers Kirsten , Kröll Josef , Mitterbauer Gerald , Scherr Johannes , Spörri Jörg 
Published: September 2021

Objectives(1) To update experts’ priorities of perceived key injury risk factors in alpine ski racing based on a framework and list derived 10 years ago, (2) to identify additionally emerging risk factors since then and (3) to compile a list with countermeasure suggestions.MethodsA sample of 532 expert stakeholders (athletes, coaches, team medical staff, Ski Racing Suppliers (SRS) and International Ski Federation (FIS) representatives) from the World Cup (WC), European Cup (EC) and FIS-race level participated in a cross-sectional online survey. Experts were asked to name those risk factors with the highest believed impact on injury risk and rank them according to their current priority from a predefined list. In addition, experts were encouraged to name additional (not listed) risk factors and to suggest countermeasures.ResultsRegardless of stakeholder role and competition level, snow-related factors appeared to have the highest perceived priority. However, WC athletes’ and coaches’ perceptions were also related to equipment, while at the EC and FIS-race level fatigue and physical fitness-related factors were considered important. Athletes’ perceptions were largely in agreement with SRS (ie, snow-related and equipment-related factors). At the same time, while coaches, team medical staff and FIS representatives additionally emphasised fatigue and physical fitness-related factors.ConclusionExperts’ perceptions on key injury risk factors in alpine ski racing depend on the stakeholder role and differ between the competition levels. Thus, to develop effective prevention measures and to successfully implement them, all relevant stakeholders should be given a voice, and prevention efforts should be targeted to the specific level.
Clinical characteristics of non-radiographic versus radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in Asia and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in other regions: results of the cross-sectional ASAS-COMOSPA study
Authors: Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Ono Keisuke , Fukui Sho , Kawaai Satoshi , Deshpande Gautam A , Yoshida Kazuki , Ichikawa Naomi , Kaneko Yuko , Kawasaki Taku , Matsui Kazuo , Morita Mitsuhro , Tada Kurisu , Takizawa Naoho , Tamura Naoto , Taniguchi Atsuo , Taniguchi Yoshinori , Tsuji Shigeyoshi , Okada Masato , Kobayashi Shigeto , Komagata Yoshinori , López-Medina Clementina , Molto Anna , van der Heijde Desirée , Dougados Maxime , Tomita Tetsuya , Kaname Shinya 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo delineate characteristics of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) in Asia versus non-Asian regions, and compare radiographic axSpA (r-axSpA) with nr-axSpA within Asia.MethodsData were collected from the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society-COMOrbidities in SPondyloArthritis database. Categorising patients by region, we compared clinical characteristics between nr-axSpA from Asia vs elsewhere (Europe, the Americas and Africa). Within Asians, we additionally compared patient characteristics of those with nr-axSpA versus r-axSpA.ResultsAmong 3984 SpA cases, 1094 were from Asian countries. Of 780 axSpA patients in Asia, 112 (14.4%) had nr-axSpA, less than in non-Asian countries (486/1997, 24.3%). Nr-axSpA patients in Asia were predominantly male (75.9% vs 47.1%), younger at onset (22.8 vs 27.8 years) and diagnosis (27.2 vs 34.5 years), and experienced less diagnostic delay (1.9 vs 2.9 years) compared with nr-axSpA in non-Asian countries. Nr-axSpA in Asia exhibited higher human leucocyte antigens-B27 prevalence (90.6% vs 61.9%), fewer peripheral SpA features (53.6% vs 66.3%) and similar extra-articular and comorbid disease rates compared with those with nr-axSpA in non-Asian countries. Disease activity, functional impairment and MRI sacroiliitis were less in nr-axSpA in Asia, with higher rates of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug response and less methotrexate and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs use. Within Asia, r-axSpA showed higher disease activity and structural damage compared with nr-axSpA, with no differences in other features.ConclusionAmong axSpA, lower frequency of nr-axSpA was observed in Asia. Our results offer an opportunity to better understand clinical characteristics and optimise diagnostic strategies, such as ensuring access and availability of MRI resources for accurate diagnosis of nr-axSpA in Asia.
A core set of risk factors in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR points to consider for conducting clinical trials and observational studies in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mankia Kulveer , Siddle Heidi , Di Matteo Andrea , Alpízar-Rodríguez Deshiré , Kerry Joel , Kerschbaumer Andreas , Aletaha Daniel , Emery Paul 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThere is significant interest in determining risk factors in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A core set of risk factors for clinical arthritis development has not been defined.MethodsA literature search and systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify risk factors in individuals at risk of RA using Medline, Embase, PubMed and Central databases.Results3854 articles were identified by the literature search. After screening of titles, 138 abstracts were reviewed and 96 articles finally included. Fifty-three articles included data on risk factors including autoantibodies, subclinical inflammation on imaging, clinical features, serum and cellular biomarkers and genetic markers. Risk factors were dependent on the at-risk population. There was good evidence for serum anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) levels, as risk factors for arthritis in all at-risk populations (n=13 articles). Subclinical inflammation on ultrasound (n=12) and MRI (n=6) was reported as a risk factor in multiple studies in at-risk individuals with musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms and undifferentiated arthritis (UA). Clinical features were reported as a risk factor in at-risk individuals with MSK symptoms and UA (n=13). Other risk factors, including serum and cellular markers were less frequently reported.ConclusionsRisk factors for arthritis development in RA are specific to the at-risk population. Serum ACPA confers risk in all populations; subclinical inflammation on imaging and clinical features confer risk in at-risk individuals with MSK symptoms. This SLR informed the EULAR taskforce for points to consider on conducting clinical trials and studies in individuals at risk of RA.
Efficient one-pot synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2H chromene by heterogeneously catalyzed ZnO NP and mesoporous aluminosilicate catalysts in solvent free condition
Authors: Mahato Birendra Nath , Krithiga T. , Kumar J. Aravind , Yogalakshmi G. 
Published: September 2021

4-Hydroxy-2H chromenes are fused benzopyran rings, an important class of biologically active compounds that are widely used as antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, and anticancer agents. In this paper, we report the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2H chromenes using two catalysts: (i) ZnO nanoparticles and (ii) mesoporous ZnO/AlSBA-15(7). The ZnO nanoparticle catalyst was prepared using leaf extract, and ZnO/AlSBA-15(7) catalysts were prepared by a wet chemical route. All catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and N2 sorption techniques. The catalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst was evaluated in a one-pot reaction using aromatic aldehyde and coumarin and was found to have a maximum yield of 81% at 80 °C, with a catalyst dose of 10 mmol %, and in a time limit of 4 h.
Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data
Authors: Adhikari P. , Ajaj R. , Alpízar-Venegas M. , Amaudruz P.-A. , Auty D. J. , Batygov M. , Beltran B. , Benmansour H. , Bina C. E. , Bonatt J. , Bonivento W. , Boulay M. G. , Broerman B. , Bueno J. F. , Burghardt P. M. , Butcher A. , Cadeddu M. , Cai B. , Cárdenas-Montes M. , Cavuoti S. , Chen M. , Chen Y. , Cleveland B. T. , Corning J. M. , Cranshaw D. , Daugherty S. , DelGobbo P. , Dering K. , DiGioseffo J. , Di Stefano P. , Doria L. , Duncan F. A. , Dunford M. , Ellingwood E. , Erlandson A. , Farahani S. S. , Fatemighomi N. , Fiorillo G. , Florian S. , Flower T. , Ford R. J. , Gagnon R. , Gallacher D. , García Abia P. , Garg S. , Giampa P. , Goeldi D. , Golovko V. , Gorel P. , Graham K. , Grant D. R. , Grobov A. , Hallin A. L. , Hamstra M. , Harvey P. J. , Hearns C. , Hugues T. , Ilyasov A. , Joy A. , Jigmeddorj B. , Jillings C. J. , Kamaev O. , Kaur G. , Kemp A. , Kochanek I. , Kuźniak M. , Lai M. , Langrock S. , Lehnert B. , Leonhardt A. , Levashko N. , Li X. , Lidgard J. , Lindner T. , Lissia M. , Lock J. , Longo G. , Machulin I. , McDonald A. B. , McElroy T. , McGinn T. , McLaughlin J. B. , Mehdiyev R. , Mielnichuk C. , Monroe J. , Nadeau P. , Nantais C. , Ng C. , Noble A. J. , O’Dwyer E. , Oliviéro G. , Ouellet C. , Pal S. , Pasuthip P. , Peeters S. J. M. , Perry M. , Pesudo V. , Picciau E. , Piro M.-C. , Pollmann T. R. , Rand E. T. , Rethmeier C. , Retière F. , Rodríguez-García I. , Roszkowski L. , Ruhland J. B. , Sánchez-García E. , Santorelli R. , Sinclair D. , Skensved P. , Smith B. , Smith N. J. T. , Sonley T. , Soukup J. , Stainforth R. , Stone C. , Strickland V. , Stringer M. , Sur B. , Tang J. , Vázquez-Jáuregui E. , Viel S. , Walding J. , Waqar M. , Ward M. , Westerdale S. , Willis J. , Zuñiga-Reyes A. ,   DEAP Collaboration
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $$^{39}\text{ Ar }$$

39

Ar

beta decays and is suppressed using pulse-shape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD estimator: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the mean single-photoelectron charge, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulse shape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors. The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected.
Resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations due to transition magnetic moments
Authors: Chukhnova A. V. , Lobanov A. E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe prove that a resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in magnetic field is possible due to transition magnetic moments and demonstrate that this resonance is strictly connected to the neutrino polarization. To study the main properties of this resonance, we obtain the probabilities of transitions between neutrino states with definite flavor and helicity in inhomogeneous electromagnetic field in the adiabatic approximation. Since the resonance is present only when the adiabaticity condition is fulfilled, we also obtain and discuss this condition.
Revisiting geodesic observers in cosmology
Authors: Vachon Geneviève , Vanderwee Robert , Faraoni Valerio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGeodesic observers in cosmology are revisited. The coordinates based on freely falling observers introduced by Gautreau in de Sitter and Einstein-de Sitter spaces (and, previously, by Gautreau and Hoffmann in Schwarzschild space) are extended to general FLRW universes. We identify situations in which the relation between geodesic and comoving coordinates can be expressed explicitly in terms of elementary functions. In general, geodesic coordinates in cosmology turn out to be rather cumbersome and limited to the region below the apparent horizon.
Composition analysis of AU–AG and AU–CU solid solution alloys by Friedel’s periodic spherical oscillation model
Authors: Hong Hai-Lian , Yang Chi-Hsin , Wang Kun-Chieh , Gao Hao , Yan Hui-Xian 
Published: September 2021

In this work, a two-nearest-neighbor structure model, named the 3-1 model, of the face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution alloy is found based on the Cowley short-range order parameter and the Friedel’s periodic spherical oscillated (FPSO) model. The proposed 3-1 model has high symmetry, high density, and large separation. The model error between the 3-1 model and the standard spherical periodic model is only 0.004 nm. Besides, the chemical composition formula of the present model is applied to analyze the common grade compositions of various alloys. This work shows that the 3-1 model has universality in mature industrial grades of Au–Ag and Au–Cu alloys, and provides a simplified method to design the composition of alloys.
Ruxolitinib in CMML: A Case Study of Innovative Trial Design in a Rare Cancer
Authors: Shastri Aditi , Adrianzen-Herrera Diego A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Alternative statistical designs cannot fully mitigate the limitations of traditional clinical trials in rare cancers. Creative study designs that integrate early clinical data and correlative outcomes from concomitant translational and laboratory models to evaluate the efficacy of druggable targets can potentially expedite access to novel therapies for these patients.
See related article by Hunter et al., p. 6095