bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of resilience and self‐efficacy on nurses’ compassion fatigue: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Xiao , Xu Tianqing , Li Juan , Li Huiyuan , Wu Yuchen , Li Yifei , Chen Yiping , Zhang Jing‐Ping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo measure the prevalence of compassion fatigue among Chinese clinical nurses and to examine the effects of resilience and self‐efficacy on compassion fatigue.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive survey was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines.MethodsParticipants were recruited from three tertiary hospitals in central China from October 3 to December 15, 2019, using convenience sampling. Clinical nurses (n = 992) from different nursing departments completed the General Information Questionnaire, Professional Quality of Life Scale, Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, and General Perceived Self‐Efficacy Scale. Descriptive statistics, t‐tests, one‐way analysis of variance, Pearson or Spearman's correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression models were used.ResultsNurses experienced moderate levels of compassion fatigue (burnout and secondary traumatic stress). Resilience and self‐efficacy were significantly negatively correlated with burnout but not with secondary traumatic stress. Linear regression analysis showed that resilience, self‐efficacy, exercise, and physical conditions were the main predictors of burnout. Only physical conditions and marital status significantly predicted secondary traumatic stress.ConclusionNurses are vulnerable to compassion fatigue in China. Resilience and self‐efficacy significantly negatively predicted nurses’ compassion fatigue. Physical conditions, healthy lifestyles, and social support are also important factors for compassion fatigue.ImpactOur findings can be used to generate targeted intervention and coping strategies for nurses to improve their resilience and self‐efficacy to alleviate compassion fatigue.
Use of automated insulin delivery systems in people with type 1 diabetes fasting during Ramadan: An observational study
Authors: Aldibbiat Ali , Alqashami Ahmed , Hussain Sufyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFasting among people with type 1 diabetes imposes the risk of metabolic decompensation. Automated insulin dosing systems can allow better glycemic control without safety concerns. The utility in prolonged and repetitive fasting has not been studied. In this observational study, validated glycemic data were reviewed and analyzed from people with type 1 diabetes who observed fasting during Ramadan in 2019 and 2020 using automated insulin dosing systems. Six profiles met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 33.7 ± 4.8 years, diabetes duration was 23.5 ± 7.9 years, body mass index 23.6 ± 1.9 kg/m2 and glycated hemoglobin was 6.3 ± 0.2% (45 ± 5 mmol/mol). The average glucose during Ramadan was 7.0 ± 0.5 mmol/L (126 ± 9 mg/dL), coefficient of variation 28.5%, percentage of time in range 3.9–10 mmol/L (70–180 mg/dL) 88.8 ± 7.3% and percentage time <3.9 mmol/L (<70.0 mg/dL) 2.5 ± 1.3%. The number of fasting days was 27.3 ± 3.3, and the number of days where fasting was broken due diabetes was 1 ± 1.5/participant. No significant differences in glycemic outcomes were noted between Ramadan and non‐Ramadan periods. In this first clinically validated study, automated insulin dosing systems showed a safe and effective management strategy to support prolonged and consecutive fasting in people with type 1 diabetes.
Gingival pigmentation: Concurrent assessment of distribution, intensity, and extent in a black population
Authors: Longo Bruna C. , Rocha Talita T. C. , Santin Gabriela C. , Tatakis Dimitris N. , Silva Cléverson O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate prevalence, distribution, intensity and extent of physiologic gingival melanin pigmentation (GMP) in black individuals.Materials and methodsFor this cross‐sectional study, GMP was evaluated on digital images by three calibrated examiners, according to de Krom (distribution), DOPI (intensity) and Melanin Index (extent) classifications. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, Two‐way ANOVA, chi square, and K‐means cluster analysis were used.ResultsSeventy participants were recruited. The most prevalent GMP categories were: de Krom category 2 (34.3%), DOPI heavy intensity (57.2%), and Melanin index Degree IV (50%). Significant inter‐group differences were found for age (p < 0.05) but not gender (p > 0.05). Significant correspondence/overlap was observed between classifications (p > 0.05). Three GMP clusters were identified: Cluster 1 (27%; n = 19) had mild asymmetric and interspersed pigmentation; Cluster 2 (46%; n = 32) had heavy pigmentation in one long continuous ribbon, with pink marginal gingiva; and Cluster 3 (27%; n = 19) had heavy pigmentation in one long continuous ribbon, symmetric, and uniform.ConclusionsThere may be overlap among GMP classification systems. In black individuals, the predominant GMP presentation is one of a broad zone of heavily pigmented attached gingiva, in a continuous strip from central incisors to canines, symmetrical across the midline, and with pink free marginal gingiva.Clinical relevanceThis is the first study to analyze distribution, intensity, and extent of gingival melanin pigmentation in the same population and to integrate the various classification systems through cluster analysis. The novel findings provide a foundation for patient assessment and counseling and for future studies.
Non‐bacteria microbiome (virus, fungi, and archaea) in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Coker Olabisi Oluwabukola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract houses millions of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiome. The gut microbes comprise of bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and microscopic eukaryotes, which co‐evolved or colonize the gut forming complex symbiotic and mutualistic relationships. A state of homeostasis is required between host and gut microbiome relationship to maintain several host beneficial processes. Alterations in the taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbes are associated with several human diseases including gastrointestinal cancers. Owed to their overwhelming abundance and ease of characterization, several studies focus on the role of bacteria in gastrointestinal cancers. There is however growing evidence that non‐bacteria gut microbes are associated with the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. This review details the association of non‐bacteria gut microbes including fungi, viruses, and archaea and their potential manipulation in the prevention and treatment of human gastrointestinal cancers.
Effectiveness of QR678 and QR678 Neo® with intralesional corticosteroid vs. intralesional corticosteroid alone in the treatment of alopecia areata –A randomized, comparative, prospective study
Authors: Shome Debraj , Kapoor Rinky , Doshi Komal , Patel Ghanshyam , Vadera Sapna , Kumar Vaibhav 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is an inflammatory disorder, marked by chronic, persistent, and patchy loss of hair. At present intralesional/topical corticosteroids, Minoxidil solution, and topical immune‐therapies are used for treatment. Though all these have side effects and high rate of relapse. As QR678 Neo® is proved to be effective in hair regrowth in male and female pattern hair loss, the aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of QR678 Neo® with intralesional steroid therapy vs. intralesional steroid alone in the treatment of AA of scalp in men and women.Materials and methodsA total of 20 participants in age group of 20–50 years with nonscarring patchy hair loss were chosen for the study. Patients were arbitrarily divided into two groups (Group A—intralesional steroid with placebo and Group B‐intralesional steroid with QR678 Neo®). All the participants were evaluated at baseline, 3 months and 6 months with standard global photography, dermoscopic assessment, and self‐evaluation questionnaire at the end of study.ResultMarked improvement was seen in the global assessment score after 6 months (mean‐ 6.6 SALT) as compared to baseline (38.5 SALT score) in group B. There was significant reduction of black dots, yellow dots, broken hairs, and tapered hair at 6 months on video dermoscopic examination in group B. Also, higher satisfaction was experienced with the treatment in group B patients.ConclusionQR678 Neo® in combination with intralesional steroids therapy proved to be significantly beneficial, efficient, and can be considered as safer treatment option for alopecia areata.
Positive Youth Development in 2020: Theory, Research, Programs, and the Promotion of Social Justice
Authors: Lerner Richard M. , Lerner Jacqueline V. , Murry Velma McBride , Smith Emilie Phillips , Bowers Edmond P. , Geldhof G. John , Buckingham Mary H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe use Hamilton’s (1999) tripartite conception of the positive youth development (PYD) literature – that is, PYD as a theoretical construct, PYD as a frame for program design, and PYD as an instance of specific youth development programs – as a framework for reviewing scholarship involved in the PYD field across the second decade of the 21st century. Advances were made in all three domains and, as well, new issues emerged; chief among them was a focus on the promotion of social justice. We discuss ways in which social justice issues are being addressed within each of these domains and we present a vision for enhancing the PYD‐social justice relation in future scholarship involving theory, research, program design, and community‐based PYD programs.
Chitosan nanoparticles attenuate intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in LPS‐challenged weaned piglets via prevention of IκB degradation
Authors: Xu Yinglei , Li Qing , Ge Pu , Mao Huiling , Yang Caimei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChitosan nanoparticles (CNP), widely applied as oral drug/gene/vaccine carrier, were found to have anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, the effects of CNP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced intestinal damage in weaned piglets and the related mechanisms were investigated. Twenty‐four weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 21 ± 2 day of age, initial mass: 8.58 ± 0.59 kg) were randomly assigned into four groups: control, LPS, CNP and CNP + LPS. The control and LPS groups were fed a corn–soybean meal‐based control diet, whereas the CNP and CNP + LPS groups were fed a control diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg CNP. After 28 days of feeding, piglets in LPS and CNP + LPS groups were injected with LPS (100 μg/kg); meanwhile, the piglets in control and CNP groups were injected with sterile saline. After 4 h from the LPS challenge, pigs were sacrificed to collect the intestinal samples for analysis. The results showed that CNP could attenuate the intestinal damages and inflammatory response stimulated by LPS treatment. LPS induced dramatically higher levels of CD177+ neutrophils invasion in jejunum mucosa (p < 0.01), which accompanied by increased secretion of marks of inflammation (p < 0.01) compared with the control, whereas CNP administration obviously inhibited LPS‐induced CD177+ neutrophils invasion (p < 0.01) and secretion of marks of inflammation, such as interleukin‐8 (p < 0.05), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (p < 0.05) secretion in jejunum mucosa compared with LPS group. Moreover, CNP was shown to inhibit IκB‐α degradation in cytoplasm, which resulted in reduced nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65 in LPS‐challenged piglets. These findings suggest that CNP attenuates intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in LPS‐challenged weaned piglets by impairing the NF‐κB signalling pathway.
Treatment and outcomes of dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome or hepatocutaneous‐associated hepatopathy
Authors: Loftus John P. , Miller Adam J. , Center Sharon A. , Peters‐Kennedy Jeanine , Astor Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuperficial necrolytic dermatitis (SND) in dogs is a rare disorder most commonly associated with hepatocutaneous syndrome. Although often reported as fatal, sporadically reported long‐term remissions might be more common than previously believed and linked to treatment regimens.Hypothesis/ObjectivesEvaluate treatments and associated outcomes in dogs with hepatocutaneous‐associated hepatopathy (HCH) with or without SND, designated collectively aminoaciduric canine hypoaminoacidemic hepatopathy syndrome (ACHES).AnimalsForty‐one dogs of various breeds and ages diagnosed with ACHES.MethodsRetrospective study. Electronic surveys, medical records (2014‐2019), and communication with veterinarians provided data. Three treatment categories were each dichotomized: IV amino acid (IV‐AA) infusions (≥2 vs <2), supplements including S‐adenosylmethionine (SAMe), arginine with ornithine, glutathione, lysine, proline, omega‐3 fatty acids, or zinc (≥3 vs <3), and diet type (home‐cooked vs commercial). Optimal treatment was defined as receiving ≥2 IV‐AA treatments, ≥3 nutritional supplements, and a home‐cooked diet.ResultsMost dogs (29/41, 71%) received IV‐AA infusions (23/29, ≥2 infusions). Twenty‐one dogs (51%) were fed commercial diets; 17/41 (41%) were fed home‐cooked diets. Most dogs received SAMe (32/41, 78%) and a median of 3 supplements. In 4 dogs, HCH remission occurred. Overall all‐cause median survival time (MST) was 359 days, and disease‐specific MST was 557 days (range, 1‐1783 days). Optimally treated dogs (n = 9) lived significantly longer (MST, >1783 days,P = .02) than variably treated dogs (MST, 214 days).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOptimized ACHES management can resolve SND and HCH and confer long‐term survival.
Demographic history and identification of threats revealed by population genomic analysis provide insights into conservation for an endangered maple
Authors: Ma Yongpeng , Liu Detuan , Wariss Hafiz Muhammad , Zhang Rengang , Tao Lidan , Milne Richard I. , Sun Weibang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent advancements in whole genome sequencing techniques capable of covering nearly all the nucleotide variations of a genome would make it possible to set up a conservation framework for threatened plants at the genomic level. Here we applied a whole genome resequencing approach to obtain genome‐wide data from 105 individuals sampled from the 10 currently known extant populations of Acer yangbiense, an endangered species with fragmented habitats and restricted distribution in Yunnan, China. To inform meaningful conservation action, we investigated what factors might have contributed to the formation of its extremely small population sizes and what threats it currently suffers at a genomic level. Our results revealed that A. yangbiense has low genetic diversity and comprises different numbers of genetic groups based on neutral (seven) and selected loci (13), with frequent gene flow between populations. Repeated bottleneck events, particularly the most recent one occurring within ~10,000 years before present, which decreased its effective population size (Ne) < 200, and severe habitat fragmentation resulting from anthropogenic activities as well as a biased gender ratio of mature individuals in its natural habitat, might have together contributed to the currently fragmented and endangered status of A. yangbiense. The species has suffered from inbreeding and deleterious mutation load, both of which varied among populations but had similar patterns; that is, populations with higher FROH (frequency of runs of homozygosity) always carried a larger number of deleterious mutations in the homozygous state than in populations with lower FROH. In addition, based on our genetic differentiation results, and the distribution patterns of homozygous deleterious mutations in individuals, we recommend certain conservation actions regarding the genetic rescue of A. yangbiense. Overall, our study provides meaningful insights into the conservation genetics and a framework for the further conservation for the endangered A. yangbiense.
Plasticity, pleiotropy and fitness trade‐offs in Arabidopsis genotypes with different telomere lengths
Authors: Campitelli Brandon E. , Razzaque Samsad , Barbero Borja , Abdulkina Liliia R. , Hall Mitchell H. , Shippen Dorothy E. , Juenger Thomas E. , Shakirov Eugene V. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryTelomere length has been implicated in the organismal response to stress, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown.Here we examine the impact of telomere length changes on the responses to three contrasting abiotic environments in Arabidopsis, and measure 32 fitness, developmental, physiological and leaf‐level anatomical traits.We report that telomere length in wild‐type and short‐telomere mutants is resistant to abiotic stress, while the elongated telomeres inku70mutants are more plastic. We detected significant pleiotropic effects of telomere length on flowering time and key leaf physiological and anatomical traits. Furthermore, our data reveal a significant genotype by environment (G × E) interaction for reproductive fitness, with the benefits and costs to performance depending on the growth conditions.These results imply that life‐history trade‐offs between flowering time and reproductive fitness are impacted by telomere length variation. We postulate that telomere length in plants is subject to natural selection imposed by different environments.
Liver pathology in pregnancy
Authors: Birkness‐Gartman Jacqueline E. , Oshima Kiyoko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLiver dysfunction occurs in up to 3% of pregnancies and can be due to pregnancy‐associated liver injury, exacerbation of pre‐existing liver disease, or co‐incident with pregnancy. The most common form of pregnancy‐associated liver injury is intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). This condition is typically benign and self‐limited, but is associated with fetal morbidity and mortality with high levels of serum bile acids. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) and the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including pre‐eclampsia, eclampsia, and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets [HELLP] syndrome) are more commonly associated with maternal and fetal complications and may necessitate expedient delivery. Histologically, ICP shows nonspecific features of cholestasis, while AFLP and the hypertensive disorders have more characteristic histologic findings. While not a true liver disease, hyperemesis gravidarum can cause elevated liver enzymes. Pregnant patients are at increased risk of developing severe hepatitis E and herpesvirus infections, Budd–Chiari syndrome, and gallstones, and they may also experience worsening of known chronic liver disease. Mass lesions in pregnancy including hemangiomas, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas can present unique challenges for diagnosis and management. This review will explore the pathophysiology, presentation, histologic features, and management of these conditions.
Suspicious Citizenship, Bureaucratic Coordination, and the Deportation of Cambodian American Refugees
Authors: Zelnick Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndividuals of Cambodian descent who came to the United States as refugees following the Khmer Rouge, American war in Vietnam, and secret bombings in Southeast Asia (i.e., Cambodian American refugees) who were granted Lawful Permanent Residency (LPR) can be deported to Cambodia upon conviction of certain crimes, even if they lack Cambodian documentation and citizenship. This article traces how Cambodian American refugees are transformed from LPRs to illegalized deportable refugees to deportees entitled to Cambodian documentation and citizenship after arrival. This documentation process is predicated on transnational bureaucratic coordination, resulting in exclusion from the United States and inclusion in Cambodia to create new Cambodian citizens. This article argues that deportees endure a subject unmaking and remaking process that engenders suspicious citizenship: when individuals who are objects of suspicion by both the United States and Cambodian state become suspicious of these same state powers. Through their experiences with the suspicious citizenship process, deportees engage in complaint about documentary opacity, illegibility, falsification, and corruption to challenge the sociolegal normalization of their deportations and their alleged inherent belonging in Cambodia while remaining legible to the Cambodian state. [deportation, documentation, bureaucracy, citizenship, suspicion]
Neural correlates of word representation vectors in natural language processing models: Evidence from representational similarity analysis of event‐related brain potentials
Authors: He Taiqi , Boudewyn Megan A. , Kiat John E. , Sagae Kenji , Luck Steven J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural language processing models based on machine learning (ML‐NLP models) have been developed to solve practical problems, such as interpreting an Internet search query. These models are not intended to reflect human language comprehension mechanisms, and the word representations used by ML‐NLP models and human brains might therefore be quite different. However, because ML‐NLP models are trained with the same kinds of inputs that humans must process, and they must solve many of the same computational problems as the human brain, ML‐NLP models and human brains may end up with similar word representations. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we used representational similarity analysis to compare the representational geometry of word representations in two ML‐NLP models with the representational geometry of the human brain, as indexed with event‐related potentials (ERPs). Participants listened to stories while the electroencephalogram was recorded. We extracted averaged ERPs for each of the 100 words that occurred most frequently in the stories, and we calculated the similarity of the neural response for each pair of words. We compared this 100 × 100 similarity matrix to the 100 × 100 similarity matrix for the word pairs according to two ML‐NLP models. We found significant representational similarity between the neural data and each ML‐NLP model, beginning within 250 ms of word onset. These results indicate that ML‐NLP systems that are designed to solve practical technology problems have a representational geometry that is correlated with that of the human brain, presumably because both are influenced by the structural properties and statistics of language.
Regulatory competition, administrative discretion, and environmental policy implementation
Authors: Woods Neal D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study assesses what causes American states to assume the authority to administer federal environmental programs within their borders, rather than leave implementation to the Environmental Protection Agency. Some observers have argued that interstate competition for mobile capital may motivate states to seek this authority so that they may reduce the regulatory burdens imposed on industrial polluters. Other scholars highlight the importance of intrastate political and economic factors or vertical influences emanating from federal officials. I argue that the relative importance of each of these classes of explanations will vary across environmental policy arenas, depending on the amount of implementation discretion that federal programs provide to state agencies. Results from event history analyses of two major environmental programs are generally, though not entirely, consistent with this theory.