bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships among feed efficiency traits across production segments and production cycles in cattle
Authors: Lancaster Phillip A , Davis Michael E , Rutledge Jack J , Cundiff Larry V 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the relationships between feed efficiency traits measured in different stages of production is necessary to improve feed efficiency across the beef value chain. The objective of this study was to evaluate relationships among feed efficiency traits measured as growing heifers and breeding females and in their progeny in three full production cycles, and relationships of dam residual feed intake (RFI) with lifetime and lifecycle cow efficiency traits. Data were collected on 160 mixed-breed heifers from 240 d of age to weaning of their third progeny, and postweaning performance of progeny until harvest in experiments initiated in 1953, 1954, 1959, 1964, 1969, and 1974. Individual feed offered was recorded daily, and feed refusals measured every 28 d. Milk yield was measured at 14-d intervals throughout lactation by machine or hand milking. Females and progeny were weighed at 28-d intervals and progeny were harvested at a constant endpoint of live grade or age depending upon the experiment. Feed efficiency traits of RFI and residual BW gain (RG) were computed as the residual from linear regression for developing heifers, dams (RFI and residual energy-corrected milk [RECM]), and postweaning progeny. Feed:gain ratio (FCR) was computed for developing heifers and postweaning progeny, and feed:milk energy ratio (FME) was computed for dams. Various measures of cow efficiency were calculated on either a life cycle or lifetime basis using ratios of progeny and dam weight outputs to progeny and dam feed inputs. Pearson correlations were computed among traits adjusted for a random year-breed-diet group effect. Heifer RFI (0.74) and RG (−0.32) were correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with dam RFI in parity 1 only, but were not correlated (P &gt; 0.05) with dam RECM in any parity. Heifer RFI was correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with progeny RFI (0.17) in parity 3 only. Heifer FCR was not correlated with dam FME or progeny FCR in any parity. Dam RFI was weakly correlated (r = 0.25 to 0.36; P ≤ 0.05) among parities, whereas dam FME and RECM were strongly correlated (r = 0.49 to 0.72; P ≤ 0.05) among parities. Dam RFI in parity 1 and 2 was weakly correlated (r = −0.20 to −0.33; P ≤ 0.05) with cow efficiency ratios that included dam weight as an output, whereas dam RFI in parity 3 was not correlated with any cow efficiency ratio. In conclusion, feed efficiency traits were poorly correlated across production segments, but moderately repeatable across production cycles.
Cost, reach, and representativeness of recruitment efforts for an online skin cancer risk reduction intervention trial for young adults
Authors: Heckman Carolyn J , Riley Mary , Khavjou Olga , Ohman-Strickland Pamela , Manne Sharon L , Yaroch Amy L , Bhurosy Trishnee , Coups Elliot J , Glanz Karen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Despite its increasing use, few studies have reported on demographic representativeness and costs of research recruitment via social media. It was hypothesized that cost, reach, enrollment, and demographic representativeness would differ by social media recruitment approach. Participants were 18–25 year-olds at moderate to high risk of skin cancer based on phenotypic and behavioral characteristics. Paid Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter ads, unpaid social media posts by study staff, and unpaid referrals were used to recruit participants. Demographic and other characteristics of the sample were compared with the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) sample. Analyses demonstrated significant differences among recruitment approaches regarding cost efficiency, study participation, and representativeness. Costs were compared across 4,274 individuals who completed eligibility screeners over a 7-month period from: Instagram, 44.6% (of the sample) = 1,907, $9 (per individual screened); Facebook, 31.5% = 1,345, $8; Twitter, 1% = 42, $178; unpaid posts by study staff, 10.6% and referred, 6.5%, $1. The lowest rates of study enrollment among individuals screened was for Twitter. Most demographic and skin cancer risk factors of study participants differed from those of the 2015 NHIS sample and across social media recruitment approaches. Considering recruitment costs and number of participants enrolled, Facebook and Instagram appeared to be the most useful approaches for recruiting 18–25 year-olds. Findings suggest that project budget, target population and representativeness, and participation goals should inform selection and/or combination of existing and emerging online recruitment approaches.
Sex Differences in Pulmonary Eicosanoids and Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Response to Ozone Exposure
Authors: Yaeger Michael J , Reece Sky W , Kilburg-Basnyat Brita , Hodge Miles X , Pal Anandita , Dunigan-Russell Katelyn , Luo Bin , You Dorothy J , Bonner James C , Spangenburg Espen E , Tokarz Debra , Hannan Johanna , Armstrong Michael , Manke Jonathan , Reisdorph Nichole , Tighe Robert M , Shaikh S Raza , Gowdy Kymberly M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a criteria air pollutant known to increase the morbidity and mortality of cardiopulmonary diseases. This occurs through a pulmonary inflammatory response characterized by increased recruitment of immune cells into the airspace, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Recent evidence has demonstrated sex-dependent differences in the O3-induced pulmonary inflammatory response. However, it is unknown if this dimorphic response is evident in pulmonary lipid mediator metabolism. We hypothesized that there are sex-dependent differences in lipid mediator production following acute O3 exposure. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 1 part per million O3 for 3 h and were necropsied at 6 or 24 h following exposure. Lung lavage was collected for cell differential and total protein analysis, and lung tissue was collected for mRNA analysis, metabololipidomics, and immunohistochemistry. Compared with males, O3-exposed female mice had increases in airspace neutrophilia, neutrophil chemokine mRNA, pro-inflammatory eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2, and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), such as resolvin D5 in lung tissue. Likewise, precursor fatty acids (arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid; DHA) were increased in female lung tissue following O3 exposure compared with males. Experiments with ovariectomized females revealed that loss of ovarian hormones exacerbates pulmonary inflammation and injury. However, eicosanoid and SPM production were not altered by ovariectomy despite depleted pulmonary DHA concentrations. Taken together, these data indicate that O3 drives an increased pulmonary inflammatory and bioactive lipid mediator response in females. Furthermore, ovariectomy increases susceptibility to O3-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury, as well as decreases pulmonary DHA concentrations.
La responsabilité civile du demandeur pour le préjudice causé par une mesure provisoire ordonnée par les arbitres
Authors: Dai Do Van 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Au niveau international comme niveau national, les arbitres sont de plus en plus autorisés à ordonner les mesures provisoires. Il se peut cependant que ces mesures soient rétroactivement injustifiées et causent un préjudice à autrui. Lorsqu’une mesure provisoire arbitrale cause un préjudice, la personne lésée peut-elle en demander la réparation ? Qui en est responsable ? Comment la demande de la victime sera-t-elle traitée ? La loi type et certaines lois nationales en matière d’arbitrage reconnaissent la responsabilité du demandeur en réparation du préjudice causé par une mesure provisoire arbitrale mais laissent sans réponse plusieurs questions. Le problème de réparation du préjudice causé aux tiers demeure également incertain pour ces systèmes. Pour avoir une vue d’ensemble, la présente étude envisage alors la responsabilité du demandeur (admission, conditions et régime) à l’égard d’une partie aussi bien qu’à l’égard des tiers.
An unusual extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma presenting as chronic laryngitis
Authors: Cruz Julio , Vargas Daniela , Goecke Annelisse , Molina Maria Luisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Nasal-type, extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma is a rare lymphoma. The tumor usually shows ulcerative and necrotic lesions in the nasal cavities and sinuses. Tissue involvement outside the nasal cavity is uncommon.

Patient concern:
We describe a 30-year-old man with a 2-month history of hoarseness, weight loss, and dyspnea.

Diagnosis:
Magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed edema of the larynx with obliteration of the airway. Laryngoscopic examination described necrotic tissue in the glottis and larynx. The biopsy showed chronic, necrotizing laryngitis, with no granulomas, vasculitis, or atypical cells. The immunologic and microbiologic study was negative. Later, after immunosuppressive therapy, the patient presented erythema and diffuse enlargement of the right arm. MRI showed myositis of the biceps and brachial muscles. Infection was rule out, and direct microscopy showed an extensive muscle infiltration by mononuclear cells and abundant mitosis. Immunohistochemistry was positive for CD3, CD8, Ki 67 (90%), and CD56 compatible with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma.

Interventions:
The patient initially received immunosuppression treatments (corticoids, cyclofosfamide, and Rituximab) with relapsing episodes. When lymphoma was diagnosed, chemotherapy was started.

Outcomes:
The patient died during chemotherapy.

Lessons:
Nasal-type, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma should be suspected even when there are no classical findings of neoplasms on histology. Immunohistochemistry is mandatory to rule it out.
Cohnella terricola sp. nov., isolated from soil
Authors: Kim Jiyoun , Chhetri Geeta , Kim Inhyup , Kang Minchung , Seo Taegun 
Published: June 2021

A Gram-positive, aerobic, flagellated, endospore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated as G13T, was isolated from soil. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis led to the conclusion that strain G13T was phylogenetically related to

Cohnella boryungensis

BR29T (97.5 %) and

Cohnella phaseoli

CECT 7287T (96.9 %) with digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of 21.0 and 21.4 %, and distantly related to

Cohnella thermotolerans

CCUG 47242T (94.8 %), type species of the genus

Cohnella

, at 19.0 %. The genome size of strain G13T was 5 387 258 bp, with 51.3 mol% G+C content. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1
ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The predominant quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidyglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, lysylphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, two phosphoglycolipids, three aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. Based on the data from phenotypic tests and the genotypic differences between strain G13T and its close phylogenetic relatives, strain G13T represents a new species belonging to the genus

Cohnella

, for which the name Cohnella terricola sp. nov. (=KACC 19905T=NBRC 113748T) is proposed.
Date of introduction and epidemiologic patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in Mogadishu, Somalia: estimates from transmission modelling of 2020 excess mortality data
Authors: Koltai Mihaly , Warsame Abdihamid , Bashiir Farah , Freemantle Terri , Williams Chris , Jit Mark , Flasche Stefan , Davies Nicholas G. ,   CMMID COVID-19 working group, Aweis Ahmed , Ahmed Mohamed , Dalmar Abdirisak , Checchi Francesco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn countries with weak surveillance systems confirmed COVID-19 deaths are likely to underestimate the death toll of the pandemic. Many countries also have incomplete vital registration systems, hampering excess mortality estimation. Here, we fitted a dynamic transmission model to satellite imagery data on burial patterns in Mogadishu, Somalia during 2020 to estimate the date of introduction, transmissibility and other epidemiologic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in this low-income, crisis-affected setting.MethodsWe performed Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) fitting with an age-structured compartmental COVID-19 model to provide median estimates and credible intervals for the date of introduction, the basic reproduction number (R0) and the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions in Mogadishu up to September 2020.ResultsUnder the assumption that excess deaths in Mogadishu February-September 2020 were directly attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection we arrived at median estimates of October-November 2019 for the date of introduction and low R0 estimates (1.3-1.5) stemming from the early and slow rise of excess deaths. The effect of control measures on transmissibility appeared small.ConclusionSubject to study assumptions, a very early SARS-CoV-2 introduction event may have occurred in Somalia. Estimated transmissibility in the first epidemic wave was lower than observed in European settings.
Defining hypoxemia from pulse oximeter measurements of oxygen saturation in well children at low altitude in Bangladesh: an observational study
Authors: McCollum Eric D. , King Carina , Ahmed Salahuddin , Hanif Abu A.M. , Roy Arunangshu D. , Islam ASMD Ashraful , Colbourn Tim , Schuh Holly B. , Ginsburg Amy Sarah , Hooli Shubhada , Chowdhury Nabidul H. , Rizvi Syed J.R. , Begum Nazma , Baqui Abdullah H. , Checkley William 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization defines hypoxemia, a low peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), as <90%. Although hypoxemia is an important risk factor for mortality of children with respiratory infections, the optimal SpO2 threshold for defining hypoxemia is uncertain in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We derived a SpO2 threshold for hypoxemia from well children in Bangladesh residing at low altitude.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled well, 3-35 month old children participating in a pneumococcal vaccine evaluation in Sylhet district, Bangladesh between June and August 2017. Trained health workers conducting community surveillance measured the SpO2 of children using a Masimo Rad-5® pulse oximeter with a wrap sensor. We used standard summary statistics to evaluate the SpO2 distribution, including whether the distribution differed by age or sex. We considered the 2.5th, 5th, and 10th percentiles of SpO2 as possible lower thresholds for hypoxemia.ResultsOur primary analytical sample included 1,470 children (mean age 18.6 +/- 9.5 months). Median SpO2 was 98% (interquartile range, 96–99%), and the 2.5th, 5th, and 10th percentile SpO2 was 91%, 92%, and 94%. No child had a SpO2 <90%. Children 3– 11 months old had a lower median SpO2 (97%) than 12–23 month olds (98%) and 24– 35 month olds (98%) (p=0.039). The SpO2 distribution did not differ by sex (p=0.959).ConclusionA SpO2 threshold for hypoxemia derived from the 2.5th, 5th, or 10th percentile of well children is higher than <90%. If a higher threshold than <90% is adopted into LMIC care algorithms then decision-making using SpO2 must also consider the child’s clinical status to minimize misclassification of well children as hypoxemic. Younger children in lower altitude LMICs may require a different threshold for hypoxemia than older children. Evaluating the mortality risk of sick children using higher SpO2 thresholds for hypoxemia is a key next step.Key MessagesWhat is the key question? The ideal peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) threshold for defining hypoxemia among children in low-income and middle-income countries is unknown.What is the bottom line? A SpO2 threshold for hypoxemia set at any of the 2.5th, 5th, or 10th percentiles of SpO2 measurements from well children in a lower altitude setting is higher than the <90% threshold currently recommended by the World Health Organization.Why read on? This study is a possible model for other research seeking to establish SpO2 thresholds for hypoxemia in children and provides evidence for health policy makers to consider before implementing higher SpO2 thresholds than currently in practice in lower altitude settings of low-income and middle-income countries.
Prevalence and Incidence of Antibodies Against Sars-Cov-2 Among Primary Healthcare Providers in Belgium During One Year of the Covid-19 Epidemic: Prospective Cohort Study Protocol
Authors: Adriaenssens Niels , Scholtes Beatrice , Bruyndonckx Robin , Verbakel Jan Y , De Sutter An , Heytens Stefan , Van den Bruel Ann , Desombere Isabelle , Van Damme Pierre , Goossens Herman , Buret Laëtitia , Duysburgh Els , Coenen Samuel 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionNational severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence data provides essential information about population exposure to the virus and helps predict the future course of the epidemic. Early cohort studies have suggested declines in levels of antibodies in individuals, associated with, for example, illness severity, age and co-morbidities. This protocol focuses on the seroprevalence among primary health care providers (PHCPs) in Belgium. They manage the vast majority of COVID-19 patients in addition to other patients and therefore play an essential role in the efficient organisation of health care. Currently, evidence is lacking on 1. how many PHCPs get infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Belgium, 2. the rate at which this happens, 3. their clinical spectrum, 4. their risk factors, 5. the effectiveness of the measures to prevent infection and 6. the accuracy of the serology-based point-of-care test in a primary care setting.Methods and analysisThis study will be set up as a prospective cohort study. General practitioners (GPs) and other PHCPs (working in a GP practice) will be recruited via professional networks and professional media outlets to register online to participate. Registered GPs and other PHCPs will be asked at each testing point (n=9) to perform a capillary blood sample antibody point-of-care test (OrientGene®) and complete an online questionnaire. The primary outcomes are the prevalence and incidence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in PHCPs during a 12-month follow-up period. Secondary outcomes include the longevity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Antwerp/University of Antwerp (Belgian registration number: 3002020000237). Alongside journal publications, dissemination activities include the publication of monthly reports to be shared with the participants and the general population through the publicly available website of the Belgian health authorities (Sciensano).RegistrationTrial registration number:NCT04779424Article summaryStrengths and limitations of this studyThis large cohort study will provide regular, timely and precise data at national level on prevalence and incidence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among primary health care providers (PHCPs) managing the vast majority of COVID-19 and other patients and therefore essential to organise health care efficiently.This study will familiarise PHCPs with the use of serology-based point-of-care tests (POCTs) and validate the POCT in a primary care setting.Missing data points and the use of a convenience sample could limit the validity of the study results.
AKI Risk Score (AKI-RiSc): Developing an Interpretable Clinical Score for Early Identification of Acute Kidney Injury for Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Ang Yukai , Hock Ong Marcus Eng , Xie Feng , Teo Su Hooi , Choong Lina , Koniman Riece , Chakraborty Bibhas , Wah Ho Andrew Fu , Liu Nan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalised patients is a common syndrome associated with poorer patient outcomes. Clinical risk scores can be used for the early identification of patients at risk of AKI.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using electronic health records of Singapore General Hospital emergency department patients who were admitted from 2008 to 2016. The primary outcome was inpatient AKI of any stage within 7 days of admission based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) 2012 guidelines. AutoScore, a machine learning based algorithm, was used to generate point based clinical scores from the study sample which was divided into training, validation and testing cohorts. Model performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC).ResultsAmong the 119,468 admissions, 10,693 (9.0%) developed AKI. 8,491 were stage 1 (79.4%), 906 stage 2 (8.5%) and 1,296 stage 3 (12.1%). The AKI Risk Score (AKI-RiSc) was a summation of the integer scores of 6 variables: serum creatinine, serum bicarbonate, pulse, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. AUC of AKI-RiSc was 0.730 (95% CI: 0.713 – 0.747), outperforming an existing AKI Prediction Score model which achieved AUC of 0.665 (95% CI: 0.646 – 0.679) when evaluated on the same test cohort. At a cut-off of 4 points, AKI-RiSc had a sensitivity of 82.5% and specificity of 46.7%.ConclusionAKI-RiSc is a simple point based clinical score that can be easily implemented on the ground for early identification of AKI in high-risk patients and potentially be applied in healthcare settings internationally.
Small-molecule metabolome identifies potential therapeutic targets against COVID-19
Authors: Bennet Sean M. P. , Kaufmann Martin , Takami Kaede , Sjaarda Calvin , Douchant Katya , Moslinger Emily , Wong Henry , Reed David E. , Ellis Anne K. , Vanner Stephen , Colautti Robert I. , Sheth Prameet M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory viruses are transmitted and acquired via the nasal mucosa, and thereby may influence the nasal metabolome composed of biochemical products produced by both host cells and microbes. Studies of the nasal metabolome demonstrate virus-specific changes that sometimes correlate with viral load and disease severity. Here, we evaluate the nasopharyngeal metabolome of COVID-19 infected individuals and report several small molecules that may be used as potential therapeutic targets. Specimens were tested by qRT-PCR with target primers for three viruses: Influenza A (INFA), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2, along with asymptomatic controls. The nasopharyngeal metabolome was characterized using an LC-MS/MS-based small-molecule screening kit capable of quantifying 141 analytes. A machine learning model identified 28 discriminating analytes and correctly categorized patients with a viral infection with an accuracy of 96% (R2=0.771, Q2=0.72). A second model identified 5 analytes to differentiate COVID19-infected patients from those with INFA or RSV with an accuracy of 85% (R2=0.442, Q2=0.301). Specifically, LysoPCaC18:2 concentration was significantly increased in COVID19 patients (P< 0.0001), whereas beta-hydroxybutyric acid, Met SO, succinic acid, and carnosine concentrations were significantly decreased (P< 0.0001). This study demonstrates that COVID19 infection results in a unique NP metabolomic signature with carnosine and LysoPCaC18:2 as potential therapeutic targets.Significance StatementEfforts to elucidate how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the host has become a global priority. To identify biomarkers for potential therapeutic interventions, we used a targeted metabolomics approach evaluating metabolite profiles in the nasal mucosa of COVID-19 patients and compared metabolite profiles to those of other respiratory viruses (influenza A, RSV). We identified a COVID-19-specific signature characterized by changes to LysoPCaC18:2, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, Met SO, succinic acid, and carnosine. Carnosine is a promising potential target against SARS-CoV-2 as it has been shown to interfere with binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor. This study provides compelling evidence for the use of metabolomics as an avenue for the identification of novel drug targets for viral respiratory infections in the nasopharynx.