bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role and significance of treatment in modern farming systems
Authors: Belenkov A I , Mazirov M A , Nikolaev V A , Zinchenko S I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the influence of various methods of basic soil treatment on indicators of soil fertility and productivity of grain crop rotation crops at the experimental field of the Centre for precision farming. This center is based on the field experiment with the total area of about 6 hectares in the comparative study of precision and traditional farming technologies, as well as basic soil treatment techniques in a four-course crop rotation with alternating of crops: vetch and oat mixture for feed-winter wheat with stubble sowing of mustard for green manure-potatoes-barley. Two factors are studied in the experiment, namely technologies of field crops cultivation and methods of basic soil treatment. It is found that for most years, dump treatment was in the lead, primarily on a vetch and oat mixture and potatoes. The overall conclusion is that there are various degrees of manifestation interdependence between crops productivity and individual indicators of soil fertility, depending on treatment. The use of various agricultural methods that improve the rates of agrophysical, biological and agrochemical indicators will prevent the beginning of soil degradation in the field experiment of the center for precision farming and will stabilize soil characteristics at a sufficiently high level.
Development of precision farming technologies
Authors: Mazirov M A , Ragimov A O , Korchagin A A , Shenterova E M , Malakhova S D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research was carried out on the territory of the Vladimir Opolye (Suzdal, Russian Federation). For the experimental site, in the watershed part of the plakor terrain with a slope of < 1°, a soil map was compiled. Field studies were carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment measuring 86 m by 280 m with the total area of 2.41 hectares. Four tillage systems were studied in the experiment: 1. generally accepted dump-annual dump plowing; 2. combined-energy-saving-alternation of small non-fall treatments with dump plowing of perennial grasses; 3. combined-tier-alternation of small non-fall treatments with plowing with a long-line plow of perennial grasses; 4. anti-erosion-alternation of deep non-fall treatments with plowing of perennial grasses. The results showed a different reaction of soil to agrotechnological techniques. Gray forest soils with a second humus horizon have a higher potential fertility, the advantage of which when applying moderate doses of mineral fertilizers was 3.3-4.4 centners per hectare of grain units compared to the background gray forest soils. A further increase in the dose negates these differences. Deep soil loosening by 25-27 cm also shows the advantage of soils with a second humus horizon, the yield increases were 4.4-5.2 centners per hectare.
Fertilizers, plant density and nutritional properties of corn grain
Authors: Syomina S A , Paliychuk A S , Gavryushina I V , Lysenko I A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents data on the influence of an increasing plant density of an early-ripening corn hybrid on the biochemical composition and fodder properties of grain, depending on the level of mineral nutrition. It is shown that the highest protein supply was noted for the grain obtained in the variants with nitrogen feeding; the increase in crude protein in comparison with the variants on the natural agrobackground was 1.56%. The use of complete mineral fertilization had no advantages over a single application of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers; against these nutritional backgrounds, the increase of 0.97-1.05% was obtained in relation to the unfertilized agricultural background. As the crops crowd, there is a tendency for the crude protein content in the grain to increase. Over the years of testing, the stable influence of the conditions of mineral nutrition and the plants density on the content of crude fiber, crude ash and nitrogen-free extractive substances has not been established. The grain with a higher crude fat content was obtained with the introduction of complete mineral fertilization, and the crowding of the crops led to the decrease in its content in the grain.
Influence of humic preparations on productivity increase of cucurbits in arid farming conditions
Authors: Utaliev A A , Yakovleva L V , Maslova E A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of studying the influence of liquid humic fertilizer produced from milled lowland peat on biological activity, the dynamics of nutrients in brown semi-desert soils in arid climate conditions with leaf fertilization of cucurbits. In arable farming of the Astrakhan region most of the harvest is formed by mobilizing soil fertility without compensation for the elements of nutrition carried out with the harvest, which leads to a negative balance of humus and nutrients, as a consequence, the soil is depleted, its fertility becomes lower. It is shown, that application of humates promotes increase of the content of humus in soil in arable horizons and reception of higher harvests of an early ripe watermelon that is caused by activization of biochemical processes in soil and increase of nutrients availability that has accelerated development and ripening of fruits of studied crop.
Transformation of immature wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.) by particle bombardment
Authors: Verbitskaya A A , Ivanova A I , Shulga O A , Schuklina O A , Gaponenko A K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of the research was to create an effective method for producing transgenic wheat plants suitable for a wide range of promising varieties, both spring and winter crops. The plant material was cultivated at temperatures ranging from 4 to 25°C, either in the dark or in the light, with a 16-hour photoperiod (16/8 - day / night). Osram L36/77 FLUORA and F36W/33 Cool White lamps were used for lighting. The composition of all nutrient media included macroand micro-salts, vitamins B5, phytohormones and carbohydrates. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving. The medium was sterilized in an autoclave at pressure of 1.2 atmospheres for 15 minutes. An effective method of regeneration of transgenic wheat plants for ballistic transformation has been developed. Plants obtained by this method are phenotypically normal and fully fertile. The transgenic insertion of the target gene is transmitted to the offspring in accordance with Mendel’s laws. The transformation efficiency was high for all the studied varieties and ranged from 1.4 to 7.8%.
Environmental and hydrological risks in the Lake Baikal basin water resources management
Authors: Bolgov M V , Buber A L , Buber A A , Korobkina E A , Golovinov E E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For optimal water resources management of the Angara reservoirs cascade (a complex “Lake Baikal – Irkutsk, Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk and Boguchansk reservoirs”) and water users provision in the MIKE 11 software a quasi-two-dimensional simulation hydrodynamic model of the Angara hydroelectric power stations (HPS) cascade from Lake Baikal to the Boguchansk HPS downstream, which is a tool for reproducing the features of the water flow hydrodynamic structure, was developed. A hydrodynamic computer model using the built-in module “Regulating structures” module makes it possible to form reasonable operating modes of the Angarsk cascade of reservoirs that meet the most significant requirements of water users: ecology, fisheries and utilities, transport and energy. Hydrodynamic calculations and the flood zones obtained in the GIS project of the territory showed that catastrophic phenomena in the floodplain and coastal zone of Irkutsk occur even when releases into the lower pool of the Irkutsk reservoir exceed 3200 m3/s. The developed hydrodynamic model of the Angarsk cascade of reservoirs makes it possible to determine the objects and floodplain areas most susceptible to flooding in the downstream of the Irkutsk HPS for further development of scientifically based measures to protect them, prevent flooding and develop evacuation plans in an emergency.
Watering of the river delta Volga and Western sub-steppe ilmens based on simulation hydrodynamic modeling
Authors: Borodychev V V , Byber A A , Ratkovich E L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To ensure the flooding of the Volga river delta and the Western sub-basin Ilmen and meet the requirements of the fisheries and agriculture, the following tasks were set and completed: to describe the current state and the main environmental, fisheries, agricultural and transport problems of the functioning of the Volga Delta and the Western sub-basin Ilmen; to develop a computer simulation model in the software package MIKE 11 plot of the Volga river from Verkhneye Lebyazhye village before flowing into the Caspian sea, with the specification of cross-sections along the river bed and the floodplain of the Volga river and its branches, spawning grounds, and western sub-steppe ilmen; to perform computer hydrodynamic modeling of the studied section of the Volga river; to develop possible scenarios to solve the problems of flooding of the Volga river delta and the western sub-steppe ilmen, and to meet the requirements of fisheries and agriculture. As the result, the requirements of the main water users for the operating modes of the Volga hydroelectric power station were presented and a hydrodynamic model was described, which allows determining the measures for watering the territory and using simulation modeling to evaluate their effectiveness.
Management of information processes under a radiation emergency
Authors: Voronov O S , Popov E V , Voronov S I , Sednev V A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article provides examples of radiation emergencies (ES), emergency response measures aimed at protecting the public and territories, including applicability of a comprehensive monitoring system of the public security conditions. A special attention is paid to scientific approaches and research results aimed at optimization of information processes during the operational use of data from monitoring systems on the conditions status under radiation emergencies. Besides, the expediency and sufficiency of using two data sources producing reports was determined and justified if one of the data sources is a monitoring system. Based on the research results, other provisions concerning the management of information processes under radiation ES conditions related to the requirements for operational public notification were justified. In particular, schemes for constructing such systems under special radiation ES conditions, algorithms for their operation, operating modes, and some parameters that these systems should provide with were justified. The information subsystem as a part of the CSPPCM is a kind of information system for the prompt public notification, and the research results are quite relevant for it.
Advanced technologies for the creation of forest cultures in the southern regions with arid climate
Authors: Kostin M V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes the of the drip irrigation and biologically active substances fertilization use effectiveness in forestry in arid regions; the main advantages and disadvantages of drip irrigation for protective afforestation in dry steppe and semi-desert are indicated, the conclusion about the possibility of its use in the creation of forest crops with economic feasibility, the availability of infrastructure (a water source with water suitable for irrigation, power lines) is made. The use of drip irrigation is advisable when planting plantations of particular value (forest seed plantations, walnut groves, orchards, landscaping plantings in recreational areas, etc.). However, for an unambiguous answer, it is necessary to lay experimental crops in different soil and hydrological conditions, with different types and mixing schemes, woody and shrub species composition, to develop irrigation and watering norms, to test the latest biological preparations that improve the processes of root formation, growth, and resistance to diseases and environmental stressors.
Efficiency of forest planting in the spring and autumn periods in the conditions of the Republic of Kalmykia
Authors: Kostin M V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Republic of Kalmykia is the driest region in the south of the European part of Russia. The purpose of the study is to find a new approach to reforestation and breeding in the republic, which will ensure the increase in the survival rate of forest crops, and subsequently increase the forest cover of the region. The article analyzes data for a ten-year period in a zonal section on the survival rate of tree and shrub species cultivated in the forestry of the Republic of Kalmykia. It is concluded that carrying out forest cultivation works in the autumn period has no advantages in survival rate over the spring period and they should be carried out either in early spring (in late March and early April) on thawing soil, or in autumn, before the onset of persistent cold weather. The main factor of successful afforestation in the dry steppe and semi-desert is the correct selection of the forest area, the accuracy and quality of forest planting, agrotechnical and forestry care. Special attention should be paid to the control of locust pests, which in the conditions of Kalmykia in some years can cause significant damage to the planting of young forest crops.
Scenario model to forecast behavior of intrusive plant communities in response to control effects in arid agriculture
Authors: Novochadov V V , Ivantsova E A , Shiroky A A , Onistratenko N V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The presence of large areas of anthropogenic transformation of plant communities with a potentially negative impact on adjacent territories makes it relevant to develop various methods for automated monitoring and modeling of processes occurring in these ecosystems. Based on the results of previous studies of phytocoenoses, the authors selected four groups of indicators for constructing a scenario model: integral characteristics of intrusive plant communities (IPC), including those obtained by using remote dynamic methods; integral indicators of the negative impact of IPC on the adjacent agro-ecosystem; indicators of the distribution of mobile forms of trace elements in the soil; and indicators of soil microbiota. As the result, a hypothetical formula is obtained that allows, with minimal impact on the biosystem of technogenic IPC, to sufficiently reduce its adverse impact on the adjacent agro-ecosystem. Further refinement and dissemination of the scenario model and its connection to databases on plant communities will automatically change the values of the coefficients in the solving equations, thereby providing the most accurate and reliable forecast of the response of agro-ecosystems to various control actions.
Fuzzy cognitive modeling of agricultural land productivity in the context of food security
Authors: Rogachev A F , Melikhova E V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the problems of fuzzy cognitive modeling and evaluation of the productivity of reclaimed soils, taking into account the combination of natural-climatic, soil and environmental factors. To construct a fuzzy model, the parameters to be modeled were the coefficient of bioclimatic productivity with a range of variation of 0.5-1.5, and the yield of grain crops, which varied within 10…45 dt/ha for different natural and climatic zones. The theoretical basis for the development of a model of land productivity is the theory of fuzzy inference based on the fuzzy-multiple approach. The main stages of fuzzy modeling using the Mamdani algorithm in interactive mode are presented. An algorithmic representation of the dependence of the integral indicator of the productivity of agricultural land on the value of the yield of grain crops, and the coefficient of bioclimatic productivity is obtained. The constructed fuzzy model allows to obtain estimates of the generalized indicator of agricultural land productivity based on the yield values for the range of values of the bioclimatic coefficient. The constructed model can be used as a part of a system for predicting the level of food security.
Development of solar supercapacitor by utilizing organic polymer and metal oxides for subsystem of EV
Authors: Rahman Ataur , Myo Aung Kyaw 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The limitations of the electric vehicles are weight, size, range, charging time and high price tag. Thus, development of a renewable energy-boosting system for EVs is significant. This paper proposes the materials and control system for development of the automotive body panels which are capable to generate electrical energy from solar energy and store the energy not only as structural capacitor but also as solar panel. A solar supercapacitor prototype is developed by utilizing Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, nano Zinc Oxide and Copper Oxide fillers as the positive and negative electrodes and a dielectric layer sandwiched between the electrodes. Different weight percentage compositions of nano CuO/ZnO filled epoxy reinforced Carbon Fiber and different combinations of separators are investigated experimentally. Samples with higher nanoparticle composition can boost both the energy generation and storage performance. Simulation study is conducted on solar supercapacitor concept which is hybrid energy storage system, modelled as the supplementary renewable energy source of electric vehicle. Experiment data from the laboratory scale organic solar supercapacitor are considered as input reference data to design solar supercapacitor HESS in Simulink to generate electricity from solar energy and provide storage. The solar supercapacitor can be considered as the roof panel of EV and simulated at different solar irradiance (200 ∼ 1000 W m−2) and different load conditions (200 ∼ 500 W) to reflect the practical conditions. The test results of SSC show potential of energy conversion efficiency (η
ec) 17.78%, open-circuit voltage (Voc) 0.79 mV, current density (Jsc) 222.22 A m−2, capacitance (C) 11.17 μF cm−2, energy density (Ed) 120 Wh kg−1 and power density (Pd) 29 kW kg−1. Based on Simulink results, fully charged solar supercapacitor system with solar irradiance of 1000 W m−2 can provide power of 2.3 kWh (18.24 km extra range every hour). Therefore, the system can provide extra 4.56% of conventional EV’s power and range per hour. Solar supercapacitor system integrated with EV battery has the potential to reduce battery size by 10%, weight 7.5%.
Prediction of vibration induced damage in photovoltaic modules during transportation: finite element model and field study
Authors: Desai Umang , Vasudevan Devan P , Kottantharayil Anil , Singh Aparna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The transportation of the photovoltaic (PV) modules involves excessive vibrations and shocks. These dynamic loads can crack the solar cells and glass of the PV modules. The cracks generated in solar cells during the transportation phase may not always have immediate implications on the electrical performance of the PV modules. However, in the long-run, cracks generated during transportation of the modules may propagate during operation in field due to wind load, snow load and thermal stresses. The propagation of cracks may create electrical isolation in the cells of a PV module, which can cause loss of electrical power. Therefore, it is important to minimize the damage in PV modules due to transportation and mechanical handling. In this work, PV modules have been transported in packaging following the industry practices to cover a distance of 270 km with accelerometers attached on several modules. Finite element (FE) modelling has been used to calculate natural frequency of vibration for the assembly of the PV modules by simulating the conditions close to the actual transportation experiment. This study shows that transportation makes the modules vibrate at their natural frequency. The first four natural frequencies of vibration calculated through the FE simulations match well with the peaks observed in the power spectral density profiles experienced by PV modules during transportation. Mode shapes corresponding to the first four natural frequencies have also been visualized to identify the contours with maximum displacement. It is hypothesized that out of all the cells, those falling within the contour of maximum displacement would have higher propensity for damage during the transportation. The results presented here can be useful for PV community to improve the packaging methodology, dimensions and material selection of the photovoltaic modules.
Quantum dot technology for quantum repeaters: from entangled photon generation toward the integration with quantum memories
Authors: Neuwirth Julia , Basso Basset Francesco , Rota Michele B , Roccia Emanuele , Schimpf Christian , Jöns Klaus D , Rastelli Armando , Trotta Rinaldo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The realization of a functional quantum repeater is one of the major research goals in long-distance quantum communication. Among the different approaches that are being followed, the one relying on quantum memories interfaced with deterministic quantum emitters is considered as one of the most promising solutions. In this work, we focus on the hardware to implement memory-based quantum-repeater schemes that rely on semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) for the generation of polarization entangled photons. Going through the most relevant figures of merit related to efficiency of the photon source, we select significant developments in fabrication, processing and tuning techniques aimed at combining high degree of entanglement with on-demand pair generation, with a special focus on the progress achieved in the representative case of the GaAs system. We proceed to offer a perspective on integration with quantum memories, both highlighting preliminary works on natural–artificial atomic interfaces and commenting a wide choice of currently available and potentially viable memory solutions in terms of wavelength, bandwidth and noise-requirements. To complete the overview, we also present recent implementations of entanglement-based quantum communication protocols with QDs and highlight the next challenges ahead for the implementation of practical quantum networks.
Political philosophers and the history of political thought
Authors: Whatmore Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
‘Political philosophers and the history of political thought’ discusses the confidence in the 1950s that the ‘right’ system of politics, economy and society had been discovered and linked with a turn away from history and theory. Behavioralism, which was propagated by Heinz Eulau, David Easton, and other political scientists, demanded the analysis of politics through the assertion of claims that could be verified or refuted. Data analysis could test hypotheses and come up with irrefutable policy recommendations. Domestic and international liberalism are coupled with variants of pacific socialism or communitarianism. There are a number of renowned political theorists who turned into public intellectuals, such as Norberto Bobbio and Jürgen Habermass.