bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bound states and energy eigenvalues of a radial screened Coulomb potential
Authors: Stachura E , Hancock N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We analyze bound states and other properties of solutions of a radial Schrödinger equation with a new screened Coulomb potential. In particular, we employ hypervirial relations to obtain eigen-energies for a Hydrogen atom with this potential. Additionally, we appeal to a sharp estimate for a modified Bessel function to estimate the ground state energy of such a system. Finally, when the angular quantum number ℓ ≠ 0, we obtain evidence for a critical screening parameter, above which bound states cease to exist.
Multi-scale tensor network architecture for machine learning
Authors: Reyes J A , Stoudenmire E M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present an algorithm for supervised learning using tensor networks, employing a step of data pre-processing by coarse-graining through a sequence of wavelet transformations. These transformations are represented as a set of tensor network layers identical to those in a multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz tensor network. We perform supervised learning and regression tasks through a model based on a matrix product states (MPSs) acting on the coarse-grained data. Because the entire model consists of tensor contractions (apart from the initial non-linear feature map), we can adaptively fine-grain the optimized MPS model ‘backwards’ through the layers with essentially no loss in performance. The MPS itself is trained using an adaptive algorithm based on the density matrix renormalization group algorithm. We test our methods by performing a classification task on audio data and a regression task on temperature time-series data, studying the dependence of training accuracy on the number of coarse-graining layers and showing how fine-graining through the network may be used to initialize models which access finer-scale features.
Machine learning modeling of materials with a group-subgroup structure
Authors: Kayastha Prakriti , Ramakrishnan Raghunathan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Crystal structures connected by continuous phase transitions are linked through mathematical relations between crystallographic groups and their subgroups. In the present study, we introduce group-subgroup machine learning (GS-ML) and show that including materials with small unit cells in the training set decreases out-of-sample prediction errors for materials with large unit cells. GS-ML incurs the least training cost to reach 2%–3% target accuracy compared to other ML approaches. Since available materials datasets are heterogeneous providing insufficient examples for realizing the group-subgroup structure, we present the ‘FriezeRMQ1D’ dataset with 8393 Q1D organometallic materials uniformly distributed across seven frieze groups. Furthermore, by comparing the performances of FCHL and 1-hot representations, we show GS-ML to capture subgroup information efficiently when the descriptor encodes structural information. The proposed approach is generic and extendable to symmetry abstractions such as spin-, valency-, or charge order.
Repurposed drug against COVID-19: nanomedicine as an approach for finding new hope in old medicines
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Zaki , Ahmad Javed , Aslam Mohammed , Khan Mohammad Ahmed , Alasmary Mohammed Yahia , Abdel-Wahab Basel A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a threat to global public health. It is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and has triggered over 17 lakh causalities worldwide. Regrettably, no drug or vaccine has been validated for the treatment of COVID-19 and standard treatment for COVID-19 is currently unavailable. Most of the therapeutics moieties which were originally intended for the other disease are now being evaluated for the potential to be effective against COVID-19 (re-purpose). Nanomedicine has emerged as one of the most promising technologies in the field of drug delivery with the potential to deal with various diseases efficiently. It has addressed the limitations of traditional repurposed antiviral drugs including solubility and toxicity. It has also imparted enhanced potency and selectivity to antivirals towards viral cells. This review emphasizes the scope of repositioning of traditional therapeutic approaches, in addition to the fruitfulness of nanomedicine against COVID-19.
Almost everywhere regularity for the free boundary of the 𝑝-harmonic obstacle problem 𝑝>2
Authors: Andersson J. 
Published: May 2021

Let

u
u

be a solution to the normalized

p
p

-harmonic obstacle problem with

p
>
2

p>2

. That is,

u
∈

W

1
,
p

(

B
1

(
0
)
)

u\in W^{1,p}(B_1(0))

,

2
>
p
>
∞

2>p>\infty

,

u
≥
0

u\ge 0

and

d
i
v

(

|

∇
u

|

p
−
2

∇
u
)
=

χ

{
u
>
0
}

in

B
1

(
0
)

\begin{equation*} \mathrm {div}( |\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)=\chi _{\{u>0\}} \ \text { in } \ B_1(0) \end{equation*}

where

u
(
x
)
≥
0

u(x)\ge 0

and

χ
A

\chi _A

is the characteristic function of the set

A
A

. The main result is that for almost every free boundary point with respect to the

(
n
−
1
)

(n-1)

-Hausdorff measure, there is a neighborhood where the free boundary is a

C

1
,
β

C^{1,\beta }

-graph. That is, for

H

n
−
1

\mathcal {H}^{n-1}

-a.e. point

x
0

∈
∂
{
u
>
0
}
∩

B
1

(
0
)

x^0\in \partial \{u>0\}\cap B_1(0)

there is an

r
>
0

r>0

such that

B
r

(

x
0

)
∩
∂
{
u
>
0
}
∈

C

1
,
β

B_r(x^0)\cap \partial \{u>0\}\in C^{1,\beta }

.
𝐿_{𝑝}-estimates of solution of the free boundary problem for viscous compressible and incompressible fluids in the linear approximation
Authors: Solonnikov V. 
Published: May 2021

The paper contains

L
p

L_p

-estimates and a theorem on the local in time solvability of the problem arising as a result of linearization of the free boundary problem for two viscous fluids, compressible and incompressible, contained in a bounded vessel, separated by a free interface, and subject to mass and capillary forces. This result is known for the case of

p
=
2

p=2

; it serves as an analytical basis for the study of the complete nonlinear problem. The proof is based on the “maximal regularity” estimate of the solution obtained with the help of the

L
p

L_p

Fourier multiplier theorem due to P. I. Lizorkin.
Magnitude, change over time, demographic characteristics and geographic distribution of excess deaths among nursing home residents during the first wave of COVID-19 in France: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Canouï-Poitrine Florence , Rachas Antoine , Thomas Martine , Carcaillon-Bentata Laure , Fontaine Roméo , Gavazzi Gaëtan , Laurent Marie , Robine Jean-Marie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The objectives were to assess the excess deaths among Nursing Home (NH) residents during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, to determine their part in the total excess deaths and whether there was a mortality displacement.

Methods
We studied a cohort of 494,753 adults in 6,515 NHs in France exposed to COVID-19 pandemic (from 1 March to 31 May 2020) and compared with the 2014–2019 cohorts using data from the French National Health Data System. The main outcome was death. Excess deaths and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated.

Result
There were 13,505 excess deaths. Mortality increased by 43% (SMR: 1.43). The mortality excess was higher among males than females (SMR: 1.51 and 1.38) and decreased with increasing age (SMRs in females: 1.61 in the 60–74 age group, 1.58 for 75–84, 1.41 for 85–94 and 1.31 for 95 or over; males: SMRs: 1.59 for 60–74, 1.69 for 75–84, 1.47 for 85–94 and 1.41 for 95 or over). No mortality displacement effect was observed up until 30 August 2020. By extrapolating to all NH residents nationally (N = 570,003), we estimated that they accounted for 51% of the general population excess deaths (N = 15,114 out of 29,563).

Conclusion
NH residents accounted for half of the total excess deaths in France during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The excess death rate was higher among males than females and among younger than older residents.
The Usefulness of Magnetic Resonance Angiography to Analyze the Variable Arterial Facial Anatomy in an Effort to Reduce Filler-Associated Blindness: Anatomical Study and Visualization Through an Augmented Reality Application
Authors: Mespreuve Marc , Waked Karl , Collard Barbara , De Ranter Joris , Vanneste Francis , Hendrickx Benoit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of soft tissue fillers for facial rejuvenation is increasing rapidly and the complications, unfortunately, follow the same path. Blindness caused by intravascular filler injections is a rare but devastating complication. Knowledge of the individual arterial anatomy may aid the injector in avoiding injecting into an artery and thus to prevent blindness.ObjectivesTo evaluate if the use of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) may visualize the arterial facial anatomy in a contrast- and radiation-free way and study the individual arterial variations using an augmented reality (AR) image.MethodsThe individual arterial anatomy of the 3 terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery (supraorbital [SO]; supratrochlear [STr]; and dorsal nasal [DN] arteries) of 20 volunteers was studied by a 3-Tesla MRI, combining infrared (IR) facial warming and 3-dimensional time-of-flight multiple overlapping thin slab acquisition MRA. The resulting visualization of the facial arteries was shown on the patient’s face through AR technology.ResultsThe MRA was able to visualize the SO in 90.0%, STr in 92.5%, and DN arteries in 75% of the examined patients, as well as numerous variations in both vessel localization and path. Furthermore, a proof-of-concept of the AR visualization of the individual arterial anatomy was successfully implemented.ConclusionsDermal filler injectors should be aware of the risk of filler-induced blindness and familiarize themselves with the visualization of the variable facial vascular anatomy. The implementation of a one-time MRA and subsequent AR visualization may be useful in the accurate planning of minimally invasive facial rejuvenation procedures.
Imprints of tropical niche conservatism and historical dispersal in the radiation of Tyrannidae (Aves: Passeriformes)
Authors: Van Dijk Alina , Nakamura Gabriel , Rodrigues Arthur V , Maestri Renan , Duarte Leandro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpeciation events occurring within biogeographic regions, and historical dispersal between regions influence diversity patterns observed in present-day assemblages. Such assessment has been often performed based on the phylogenetic structure of local assemblages. We underline some issues with that approach, and show that more reliable evaluation of historical events influencing present-day diversity can be achieved by combining phylogenetic diversity to an estimate of species assemblage age based on ancestral range estimation. We apply the new approach to test two concurrent hypotheses—Tropical Niche Conservatism (TNC) and Out of The Tropics (OTT)—which provide alternative explanations to species richness gradients, as possible explanations to higher species richness in tropical assemblages of Tyrannidae birds in relation to temperate ones across the American continent. Tropical assemblages tended to be older and to show higher phylogenetic diversity than temperate ones, suggesting that recent events of historical dispersal carried out by few lineages likely drove species assembly in younger temperate assemblages. This finding provides support to TNC as the most probable explanation to species richness variation in tyrannid assemblages across the Americas. Combining phylogenetic structure measures with a flexible assemblage age metric calculated from ancestral range estimation allows deeper understanding of current diversity gradients.
Estimating vertebrate biodiversity using the tempo of taxonomy – a view from Hubbert’s peak
Authors: Wilkinson Bruce H , Ivany Linda C , Drummond Carl N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Reservoirs of natural resources are finite and, with increasing exploitation, production typically increases, reaches a maximum (Hubbert’s peak) and then declines. Similarly, species are the currency of biodiversity, and recognized numbers are dependent upon successful discovery. Since 1758, taxonomists have exploited a shrinking reservoir of as-yet-unnamed vertebrate taxa such that rates of species description at first rose, reached a peak and then declined. Since about 1950, increases in research funding and technological advances have fostered a renewed increase in rates of discovery that continues today. Many attempts to estimate global biodiversity are forecasts from data on past rates of description. Here we show that rates of discovery of new vertebrate taxa have been dependent upon the size (richness) of the taxonomic pool under consideration and the intensity of ‘sampling’ effected by taxonomists in their efforts to discover new forms. Because neither the current number of as-yet-to-be-described taxa nor future amounts of taxonomic efforts can be known a priori, attempts to produce an accurate estimate of total global biodiversity based on past rates of discovery are largely unconstrained.
A Strength-based Approach to Exploring Factors that Contribute to Resilience Among Children and Youth Impacted by Disaster
Authors: McDonald-Harker Caroline , Drolet Julie , Sehgal Anika 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChildren and youth are among the most vulnerable to the detrimental effects of disaster due to their unique physical, cognitive and psychological life stage. Despite their increased vulnerability, children and youth also demonstrate resilience when faced with the adverse circumstances of disasters, and can act as important catalysts for change in their families and communities. This article discusses research conducted with eighty-three children and youth (five to seventeen years) who experienced the 2013 flood in Alberta, Canada. A mixed-methods approach was utilised. The Child and Youth Resilience Measure was used to examine the factors that contribute to resilience post-disaster, including individual, care-giver and contextual factors. In-depth qualitative interviews further examined the specific ways in which individual, caregiver and contextual factors contribute to higher levels of resilience. Findings reveal that despite numerous post-flood challenges, children and youth had higher than average levels of resilience. The findings demonstrate that high levels of resilience are associated with individual factors, specifically peer support and caregiver factors, namely caregiver psychological support. We discuss the implications of these findings for social work policy and practice, and for understanding the factors that best support the resiliency processes and overall recovery of children and youth following disaster.
How machine learning is impacting research in atrial fibrillation: implications for risk prediction and future management
Authors: Olier Ivan , Ortega-Martorell Sandra , Pieroni Mark , Lip Gregory Y H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There has been an exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) publications aimed at advancing our understanding of atrial fibrillation (AF), which has been mainly driven by the confluence of two factors: the advances in deep neural networks (DeepNNs) and the availability of large, open access databases. It is observed that most of the attention has centred on applying ML for dvsetecting AF, particularly using electrocardiograms (ECGs) as the main data modality. Nearly a third of them used DeepNNs to minimize or eliminate the need for transforming the ECGs to extract features prior to ML modelling; however, we did not observe a significant advantage in following this approach. We also found a fraction of studies using other data modalities, and others centred in aims, such as risk prediction, AF management, and others. From the clinical perspective, AI/ML can help expand the utility of AF detection and risk prediction, especially for patients with additional comorbidities. The use of AI/ML for detection and risk prediction into applications and smart mobile health (mHealth) technology would enable ‘real time’ dynamic assessments. AI/ML could also adapt to treatment changes over time, as well as incident risk factors. Incorporation of a dynamic AI/ML model into mHealth technology would facilitate ‘real time’ assessment of stroke risk, facilitating mitigation of modifiable risk factors (e.g. blood pressure control). Overall, this would lead to an improvement in clinical care for patients with AF.
Association of admitting physician specialty and care quality and outcomes in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI): insights from a national registry
Authors: Moledina Saadiq M , Shoaib Ahmad , Graham Michelle M , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Van Spall Harriette G C , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Rashid Muhammad , Aktaa Suleman , Gale Chris P , Weston Clive , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aim
Little is known about the association between admitting physician specialty and care quality and outcomes for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Methods and results
We identified 288 420 patients hospitalized with NSTEMI between 2010 and 2017 in the UK Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project database. The cohort was dichotomized according to care under a non-cardiologist (n = 146 722) and care under a cardiologist (n = 141 698) within the first 24 h of admission to hospital. Patients admitted under a cardiologist were significantly younger (70 vs. 75 years, P &lt; 0.001), and less likely to be female (32% vs. 39%, P &lt; 0.001). Independent factors associated with admission under a cardiologist included prior history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) [odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.07; P = 0.04], hypercholesterolaemia (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.15–1.20; P &lt; 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04; P = 0.01), and admission to an interventional centre (OR 3.90, 95% CI 3.79–4.00; P &lt; 0.001). Patients admitted under cardiology were more likely to receive optimal pharmacotherapy, undergo invasive coronary angiography (79% vs. 60%, P &lt; 0.001), and receive revascularization in the form of PCI (52% vs. 36%, P &lt; 0.001). Following propensity score matching, odds of in-hospital all-cause mortality (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.79–0.85; P &lt; 0.001), re-infarction (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66–0.91; P = 0.001), and major adverse cardiovascular events (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.78–0.84; P &lt; 0.001) were lower in patients admitted under a cardiologist.

Conclusion
Patients with NSTEMI admitted under a cardiologist within 24 h of hospital admission were more likely to receive guideline-directed management and had better clinical outcomes.
Oral anticoagulant monotherapy vs oral anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy for the management of atrial fibrillation and stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Abdul Razzack A , Saeed T , Gulzar R , Pothuru S , Adeel Hassan S , Theja Reddy K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background- The efficacy and safety of oral Anticoagulation (OAC)with either Warfarin or Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) as compared with combination therapy of oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet (OAC + APT) in patients with atrial fibrillation and stable coronary artery disease more than 1 year after stenting is not known.
Methods-Electronic databases ( PubMed, Embase, Scopus) were searched from inception to December 28th, 2020. Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated from dichotomous data using Mantel Haenszel (M-H) random-effects with statistical significance to be considered if the confidence interval excludes 1 and p &lt; 0.05. The primary efficacy end point was MACCE definied as composite of stroke, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring revascularization, or death from any cause The primary safety end point was major bleeding, according to the criteria of the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis; this end point was analyzed for superiority.
Results- A total of seven studies with 81,303(OAC = 56,633; OAC + APT = 24670) participants were included. There was no statistically significant differences in MACCE among patients treated using OAC monotherapy compared with those treated with OAC + APT (HR 1.09; 95% CI 0.93-1.29; p = 0.28). OAC + APT was associated with a significantly higher risk of major bleeding compared with OAC monotherapy (HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.30-2.11; p &lt; 0.0001)
Conclusion- Amongst patients with atrial fibrillation and concomitant stable coronary artery disease, OAC monotherapy is non-inferior to combination therapy with OAC and single antiplatelet agent. OAC monotherapy reduced the risk for major or life-threatening bleeding events, while not increasing the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events.
Abstract Figure.
Possibilities of speckle-tracking echocardiography in diagnostic of diastolic dysfunction at the preclinical stage in obese patients
Authors: Gritsenko O , Chumakova GA 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Currently, it is shown that the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction is extremely high. However, with the help of traditional echocardiography (ECG) indicators, it is not possible to detect diastolic dysfunction at the preclinical stage. Therefore, it is important to search for new non-invasive methods for the diagnostic of myocardial fibrosis, as an equivalent of diastolic dysfunction, at an early stage to prevent progression in HF.

Objective
to study the relationship of left ventricular (LV) mechanics with the level of serum markers of myocardial fibrosis in patients with epicardial obesity (EO).

Materials and methods
The study included 110 men with general obesity. According to the results of echocardiography (ECG), patients were divided into 2 groups: EO (+) with epicardial fat thickness (tEAT) ≥7 mm (n = 70); EO (-) with tEAT &lt; 7 mm (n = 40) without diastolic dysfunction according to the results of ECG. Profibrotic markers in blood serum (MMP-3, collagen I, collagen III, TGF – β, VEGFA, PICP) were determined in all patients using enzyme immunoassay. Using speckle-tracking echocardiography, the mechanics of LV were studied (twist LV, peak twist ratio LV, time to peak twist of LV, peak untwist ratio LV, time to peak untwist of LV). The exclusion criteria were the presence of coronary pathology, arterial hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Results
In the group of patients with EO ( + ) statistically significant increase the level of all studied profibrotic markers was revealed. According to the results of speckle-tracking ECG in the EO (+) group an increase peak untwist ratio LV to -128.31 (-142.0; -118.0) deg/s-1 (p = 0.002) and an increase time to peak untwist of LV of 476.44 (510.0; 411.0) msec was determined in comparison with the EO ( - ) group (p = 0.03). A weak statistically significant effect of tEAT on the peak untwist ratio LV in EO (+) group was revealed (r = 0.24; p = 0.04). In addition, there was a significant relationship between peak untwist ratio LV and markers of myocardial fibrosis MMP-3 (r = 0,21; p = 0.04) and collagen type III (r = 0,26; p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Given the presence of increasing serum levels of profibrotic factors, we can assume that in patients with EO, there is preclinical diastolic dysfunction LV, identification of which is possible with the help of determining peak untwist ratio LV, time to peak untwist of LV.