bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing deep learning with several typical methods in prediction of assessing chlorophyll-a by remote sensing: a case study in Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Zhao Xiaolan , Xu Haoli , Ding Zhibin , Wang Daqing , Deng Zhengdong , Wang Yi , Wu Tingfong , Li Wei , Lu Zhao , Wang Guangyuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) is an important index in water quality assessment by remote sensing technology. For the study of Chl-a value measurement in rivers or lakes, there are many classical methods, such as curve fitting, back propagation (BP) neural network and radial basis function (RBF) neural network, and all of them have some corresponding applications. With the rise of computer power and deep learning, this study intended to analyze the measurement of water quality and Chl-a in deep learning (DL) and to compare it with several classical methods, so as to explore and develop better methods. Taking Taihu Lake of China as the case, this study adopted the measured data of Chl-a in Taihu Lake in 2017 and the data corresponding to the same time from Landsat8. In this study, the four methods were used to invert the distribution of the Chl-a value in Taihu Lake. From the results of inversion, the power curve fitting model with ∑Residual2 of fitting of 90.469 and inverse curve fitting model with the ∑Residual2 of fitting of 602,156.608 had better results than the other curve fitting models; however, they were not as accurate as the machine learning method from segmentation results images. The machine learning method had better accuracy than the curve fitting methods from segmentation results images. The mean squared error of testing of the three methods of machine learning (BP, RBF, DL) were respectively 1.436, 4.479, 4.356. Thus, the BP method and DL method had better results in this study.
Application of the ‘theory of planned behavior’ to understand farmers’ intentions to accept water policy options using structural equation modeling
Authors: Mahdavi Taghi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The agricultural sector is the largest sector of water consumers, and farmers are important stakeholders involved in water conservation. This research has been conducted to determine how native farmers support different policy options to reduce agricultural water consumption. Structural equations modeling was used to construct structures derived from the ‘theory of planned behavior’. For each policy option, a separate model is proposed and the modeling data supports the view that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have a positive and significant effect on the intention. Attitudes, and perceived behavioral control, have the strongest effect on intention. Significantly, intention also have a positive impact on farmers' behavior. According to the results of the present research, the variance explained is over 85% for intentions and the variance explained for the farmers' behavior on water policy options is above 45% which is a result that indicates the high ability of the ‘theory of planned behavior’ in predicting policies achievement on saving agricultural water resources. It is argued that the field of psychology, and in particular environmental psychology, can play an important role in understanding more of the drivers to reduce agricultural water consumption and contribute to the social research program for water policy.
Enhanced As(III) sequestration using nanoscale zero-valent iron modified by combination of loading and sulfidation: characterizations, performance, kinetics and mechanism
Authors: Cheng Shun , Liu Hong , Anang Emmanuella , Li Chunxia , Fan Xianyuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and sulfides have been confirmed to be effective in arsenic sequestration from aqueous solution. In this study, attapulgite supported and sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI@ATP) are synthesized to realize the superposition effect of enhanced arsenic sequestration. The results indicated that nZVI clusters were well disaggregated and the BET specific surface area increased from 19.61 m2·g−1 to 46.04 m2·g−1 of S-nZVI@ATP, resulting in an enhanced removal efficiency of arsenic from 51.4% to 65.1% at 20 min. The sulfides in S-nZVI@ATP mainly exist as mackinawite (FeS) and this causes the spherical nanoparticles to exhibit a larger average particle size (94.6 nm) compared to bare nZVI (66.0 nm). In addition, S-nZVI@ATP exhibited a prominent ability for arsenic sequestration over a wide pH range of 3.0–6.0. The presence of anions SO42− and Cl− can enhance the arsenic removal whereas HCO3− inhibited it. The arsenic adsorption by S-nZVI@ATP could be explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 193.8 mg·g−1. The mechanism of As(III) sequestration by S-nZVI@ATP involved multiple processes, mainly including precipitation conversion from FeS to As2S3, surface-complexation adsorption and co-precipitation.
Mapping Biomolecular Sequences: Graphical Representations - Their
Origins, Applications and Future Prospects
Authors: Nandy Ashesh 
Published: May 2021

:
The exponential growth in the depositories of biological sequence data has generated an
urgent need to store, retrieve and analyse the data efficiently and effectively for which the standard
practice of using alignment procedures are not adequate due to high demand on computing
resources and time. Graphical representation of sequences has become one of the most popular
alignment-free strategies to analyse the biological sequences where each basic unit of the
sequences – the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine for DNA/RNA, and the 20 amino
acids for proteins – are plotted on a multi-dimensional grid. The resulting curve in 2D and 3D
space and the implied graph in higher dimensions provide a perception of the underlying
information of the sequences through visual inspection; numerical analyses, in geometrical or
matrix terms, of the plots provide a measure of comparison between sequences and thus enable
study of sequence hierarchies. The new approach has also enabled studies of comparisons of DNA
sequences over many thousands of bases and provided new insights into the structure of the base
compositions of DNA sequences. In this article we review in brief the origins and applications of
graphical representations and highlight the future perspectives in this field.
Desempeño y calidad de carne de bovinos en confinamiento alimentados con diferentes niveles de subproductos agrícolas
Authors: González-Salazar Edith , Díaz-Ávila Vicente , Duarte-Vargas Jesús Hemberg , Castañeda-Serrano Román David 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo. Evaluar los efectos de diferentes niveles de concentrado fabricado con subproductos agrícolas del departamento del Huila-Colombia sobre el rendimiento y calidad de carne en bovinos confinados. Material y métodos. Se utilizaron 36 toretes F1 Bos taurus x Bos indicus con 347±20 kg de peso corporal y 18 meses de edad confinados bajo condiciones de bosque seco tropical. Los tratamientos experimentales fueron niveles crecientes de concentrado elaborado con subproductos agrícolas en sustitución de pasto Pennisetum spp a razón de 85% forraje:15% concentrado (T1); 75%forraje:25% concentrado (T2); 65% forraje:35% concentrado (T3) y 55%forraje:45% concentrado (T4). Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar para evaluar las eventuales diferencias entre variables evaluadas: ganancia de peso vivo (GPV), consumo de materia seca (CMS), conversión alimenticia (CA), peso de la canal caliente (PCC), rendimiento en canal (RC), metabolitos sanguíneos y perfil de ácidos grasos en la carne. Resultados. La GPV y el peso final aumentaron con un mayor nivel de concentrado en la dieta (p<0.05). No hubo diferencias en los metabolitos sanguíneos. Los ácidos grasos saturados caproico, caprílico y tridecanoico fueron menores cuando el nivel de concentrado en la dieta aumentó (p<0.05) mientras que, en los ácidos grasos insaturados y poliinsaturados no hubo diferencias entre los tratamientos. Conclusiones. La inclusión de subproductos agrícolas usados en el presente estudio mejora el rendimiento, el consumo de materia seca y reduce el contenido de tres ácidos grasos saturados de la carne en toretes F1 Bos taurus X Bos indicus en confinamiento bajo condiciones de bosque seco tropical.
Telehealth Use by Age and Race at a Single Academic Medical Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Stevens Jennifer P , Mechanic Oren , Markson Lawrence , O'Donoghue Ashley , Kimball Alexa B 
Published: May 2021

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many ambulatory clinics transitioned to telehealth, but it remains unknown how this may have exacerbated inequitable access to care.

Objective
Given the potential barriers faced by different populations, we investigated whether telehealth use is consistent and equitable across age, race, and gender.

Methods
Our retrospective cohort study of outpatient visits was conducted between March 2 and June 10, 2020, compared with the same time period in 2019, at a single academic health center in Boston, Massachusetts. Visits were divided into in-person visits and telehealth visits and then compared by racial designation, gender, and age.

Results
At our academic medical center, using a retrospective cohort analysis of ambulatory care delivered between March 2 and June 10, 2020, we found that over half (57.6%) of all visits were telehealth visits, and both Black and White patients accessed telehealth more than Asian patients.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that the rapid implementation of telehealth does not follow prior patterns of health care disparities.
Automated Generation of Personalized Shock Wave Lithotripsy Protocols: Treatment Planning Using Deep Learning
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Zeng Daniel D , Seltzer Ryan G N , Hamilton Blake D 
Published: May 2021

Background
Though shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has developed to be one of the most common treatment approaches for nephrolithiasis in recent decades, its treatment planning is often a trial-and-error process based on physicians’ subjective judgement. Physicians’ inexperience with this modality can lead to low-quality treatment and unnecessary risks to patients.

Objective
To improve the quality and consistency of shock wave lithotripsy treatment, we aimed to develop a deep learning model for generating the next treatment step by previous steps and preoperative patient characteristics and to produce personalized SWL treatment plans in a step-by-step protocol based on the deep learning model.

Methods
We developed a deep learning model to generate the optimal power level, shock rate, and number of shocks in the next step, given previous treatment steps encoded by long short-term memory neural networks and preoperative patient characteristics. We constructed a next-step data set (N=8583) from top practices of renal SWL treatments recorded in the International Stone Registry. Then, we trained the deep learning model and baseline models (linear regression, logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine) with 90% of the samples and validated them with the remaining samples.

Results
The deep learning models for generating the next treatment steps outperformed the baseline models (accuracy = 98.8%, F1 = 98.0% for power levels; accuracy = 98.1%, F1 = 96.0% for shock rates; root mean squared error = 207, mean absolute error = 121 for numbers of shocks). The hypothesis testing showed no significant difference between steps generated by our model and the top practices (P=.480 for power levels; P=.782 for shock rates; P=.727 for numbers of shocks).

Conclusions
The high performance of our deep learning approach shows its treatment planning capability on par with top physicians. To the best of our knowledge, our framework is the first effort to implement automated planning of SWL treatment via deep learning. It is a promising technique in assisting treatment planning and physician training at low cost.
A Global Overview of COVID-19 Research in the Pediatric Field: Bibliometric Review
Authors: Monzani Alice , Tagliaferri Francesco , Bellone Simonetta , Genoni Giulia , Rabbone Ivana 
Published: May 2021

Background
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a great number of papers have been published in the pediatric field.

Objective
We aimed to assess research around the globe on COVID-19 in the pediatric field by bibliometric analysis, identifying publication trends and topic dissemination and showing the relevance of publishing authors, institutions, and countries.

Methods
The Scopus database was comprehensively searched for all indexed documents published between January 1, 2020, and June 11, 2020, dealing with COVID-19 in the pediatric population (0-18 years). A machine learning bibliometric methodology was applied to evaluate the total number of papers and citations, journal and publication types, the top productive institutions and countries and their scientific collaboration, and core keywords.

Results
A total of 2301 papers were retrieved, with an average of 4.8 citations per article. Of this, 1078 (46.9%) were research articles, 436 (18.9%) were reviews, 363 (15.8%) were letters, 186 (8.1%) were editorials, 7 (0.3%) were conference papers, and 231 (10%) were categorized as others. The studies were published in 969 different journals, headed by The Lancet. The retrieved papers were published by a total of 12,657 authors from 114 countries. The most productive countries were the United States, China, and Italy. The four main clusters of keywords were pathogenesis and clinical characteristics (keyword occurrences: n=2240), public health issues (n=352), mental health (n=82), and therapeutic aspects (n=70).

Conclusions
In the pediatric field, a large number of articles were published within a limited period on COVID-19, testifying to the rush to spread new findings on the topic in a timely manner. The leading authors, countries, and institutions evidently belonged to the most impacted geographical areas. A focus on the pediatric population was often included in general articles, and pediatric research about COVID-19 mainly focused on the clinical features, public health issues, and psychological impact of the disease.
Gobierno Electrónico y Economía Digital en la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento: una revisión conceptual
Authors: García Santiago Jesús , Valencia López Oscar David , Fernández Tapia Joselito , Rentería Gaeta Rafael 
Published: May 2021

Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) han impactado en el sector gubernamental, dando lugar al Gobierno Electrónico. Asimismo, ha habido repercusiones en la economía, propiciando una Economía Digital. En ese contexto, de la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento las TIC son esenciales en las actividades sociales.Este artículo aborda aspectos teóricos del Gobierno Electrónico, la Economía Digital y la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento, a partir de distintos enfoques derivados de la investigación documental, esto con el fin de desarrollar un debate teórico a partir de la postura de diversos autores y posteriormente presentar un concepto propio, planteando como pregunta de investigación: ¿qué papel desempeña el Estado ante la ED?.De tal manera, la metodología de la investigación es de carácter documental mediante la obtención de datos secundarios para profundizar en el tema de estudio, subrayando los desafíos y oportunidades que implica la ED para el Estado mexicano.
DRUG FACTS, VALUES, AND THE MORNING-AFTER PILL
Authors: ChoGlueck Christopher 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile the Value-Free Ideal of science has suffered compelling criticism, some advocates like Gregor Betz continue to argue that science policy advisors should avoid value judgments by hedging their hypotheses. This approach depends on a mistaken understanding of the relations between facts and values in regulatory science. My case study involves the morning-after pill Plan B and the “Drug Fact” that it “may” prevent implantation. I analyze the operative values, which I call zygote-centrism, responsible for this hedged drug label. Then, I explain my twofold account of value-ladenness, involving the constitutive role of value judgments in science and the social function of facts as political tools. Because this drug fact is ineliminably value-laden in both senses, I conclude that hedged hypotheses are not necessarily value-free.
Showcasing Audit Quality through Voluntary Public Disclosure of Audit Quality Indicators
Authors: Brown J. Owen , Popova Velina K. 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARY
Public accounting firms continuously invest significant resources into enhancing audit quality. In this paper, we summarize Brown and Popova's (2019) key findings related to public disclosure of audit quality indicators (AQIs) and discuss important implications for audit practitioners. Specifically, we discuss the current landscape of AQI disclosure from a regulatory and practitioner standpoint, and we provide recommendations for audit practitioners to consider when developing their own framework for AQI disclosure. Finally, we discuss how important stakeholder groups such as individual investors are influenced by AQI disclosures when making significant decisions concerning the audit firm (e.g., making auditor ratification decisions) and the audit client (e.g., making investment changes). The insights provided in our summary inform audit practitioners on how to showcase their audit quality enhancement efforts through voluntary AQI disclosure.
Forhold ved skolen som påvirker skolelederens tilfredshet med jobben
Authors: Tiplic Dijana , Elstad Eyvind 
Published: May 2021

School aspects that influence the principals’ job-satisfaction
This article aims to analyze how different school relations can influence principals’ job satisfaction. Our analysis is based on TALIS survey data from 162 Norwegian principals. We have used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyze statistical relations between several potential explaining variables and principals’ professional and individual job satisfaction. The main findings show that innovation support and stress are statistically related to principals’ job satisfaction with school. On the other hand, principals’ teaching support is not related to their job satisfaction with school. In addition, principals’ perception of stress is negatively related to several positively charged characteristics of school as an organization (innovation support, teaching support, and job satisfaction with school). Possible interpretations of the findings are that innovation support contributes to job satisfaction with school but that stress can be perceived as an inhibitory factor in principals’ work. This article focuses on stress that involves a work overload from following up on teachers’ professional development, having too much administrative work, as well as having extra work due to staff absence. This stress is primarily related to a connection between principals’ working capacity and their ambitions to execute their leadership goals. Implications for practice and further research are discussed.
Hva fremmer et innovativt miljø i skolen, og hvilken betydning har det for læreres undervisning?
Authors: Nilsen Trude , Scherer Ronny , Blömeke Sigrid 
Published: May 2021

What encourages an innovative environment in schools and what does that imply for teaching?
An innovative environment is important for a school’s ability to adapt to societal changes and for students’ ability to cope with future society. It is therefore crucial to find out what promotes an innovative environment in a school and what consequences an innovative environment has for teaching and learning. Certain aspects of teaching are especially important for students to learn how to cope with a society where, for instance, critical thinking and problem solving are required and where diversity is increasing. Such teaching practices include cognitive activation and inclusive practices.
Using TALIS 2018, we employ two-level (teachers and schools) structural equation modelling to examine both direct and indirect effects of distributed leadership on teaching practices via an innovative environment. Results show that distributed leadership has a medium strong relationship to an innovative environment and that an innovative environment has a medium strong relationship to teaching practices. An innovative environment mediates the effect of distributed leadership on teaching practices.
Overall, our study has implications for policy and practice as it finds that school leaders who employ distributed leadership can help promote an innovative environment and that an innovative environment in turn may encourage the type of teaching students need to acquire skills that are important in the 21st century.
Hvor godt er lærere forberedt på den digitale hverdagen?
Authors: Gudmundsdottir Greta Björk , Björnsson Julius K. 
Published: May 2021

How well are teachers prepared for digital technology in their work?
In this chapter, we report on questions in the TALIS 2018 survey concerning information and communication technology (ICT). Teachers were asked how they use digital technology for student activities, how prepared they are for digital practice, and how they assess their own need for continuous professional development (CDP) related to using digital technology in a classroom setting. This chapter is divided into two main parts. In the first part, we introduce previous research in the field of digital competence. We look at how the use of digital technology has evolved in Norwegian schools and how it has been supported by various educational reforms. We also refer to frameworks and various analytical tools to better understand students’ digital competence and teachers’ professional digital competence (PDC). Furthermore, we consider the role of teacher education in developing teachers’ and student teachers’ PDC. In the second part of the chapter, we present findings from TALIS 2018. Here we highlight teachers’ needs and participation in CPD, the preparations they have received in teacher education, and how they use digital technology to promote students’ learning and engagement in various teaching activities. Findings on classroom management in technology-savvy environments are presented, and the general use of ICT within a Nordic comparative perspective is discussed. In conclusion, we summarize the most important findings and raise issues in need of further research.
Editorial
Authors: Editoriales de revista Coordinadores 
Published: May 2021

Con mucha satisfacción nos encontramos hoy presentando un nuevo ejemplar de la revista Aletheia, otro número atravesado por los avatares de la vida cotidiana en pandemia que saben aletargar los tiempos editoriales. En vísperas a cumplirse un año de la propagación del virus, como revista hemos aprendido a sortear el desánimo de la distancia en el encuentro virtual y el trabajo colectivo y plural, una huella que caracteriza a Aletheia. En esta ocasión, el número 21 nos pone a prueba como Equipo Editorial y nos potencia como equipo de trabajo colaborativo, haciendo frente a la pasajera ausencia de la prosa de nuestra directora, Ana M. Barletta, y abriendo el juego a la construcción de una presentación editorial polifónica.
A poética da resistência nos poemas sobre a Guerrilha do Araguaia: o corpus do jornal Resistência
Authors: Melo Ivania , Sarmento-Pantoja Tânia 
Published: May 2021

Este artículo analiza dos poemas que tienen como tema la Guerrilla del Araguaia, que integran un conjunto de textos poéticos publicados en el periódico Resistencia, en febrero de 1979, en Brasil. El análisis consideró los aspectos históricos relacionados al tema y la constatación de la cuestión central: qué elementos presentes en los poemas permiten ubicarlos dentro de una poética de la resistencia.