bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the historical and cultural value of and protection strategy for rammed earth watchtower houses in Chongqing, China
Authors: Shu Ying , He Ying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChinese watchtower houses are part of the unique human cultural heritage of the world’s vernacular architectures. Many earthen manor watchtower houses in Chongqing, China, have absorbed the characteristics of other tower houses across the country and have brought together various types of watchtower construction techniques. They are important connection points for the integrity of the Chinese watchtower house as a comprehensive architectural cultural heritage system. They can be a typical sample of Chinese Han classical towers. These buildings are indispensable parts of the Chinese residential watchtower system and have important cultural protection value. However, due to the general lack of excavation and attention to their historical and cultural value, these buildings are on the verge of disappearing. Although they have lost their original architectural functions, they have important value in terms of their building materials, technical composition and artistic modelling. They can stimulate special emotional resonance and become an important bridge that maintains the cultural connection between ancient and modern humans. Therefore, discussing the historical and cultural value of Chongqing rammed earth watchtower houses, the strategy for heritage protection and utilisation is of far-reaching significance for Chinese watchtower dwellings.
Scrutinizing the Feasibility of Nonionic Surfactants to Form Isotropic Bicelles of Curcumin: a Potential Antiviral Candidate Against COVID-19
Authors: Mahmoud Dina B. , Bakr Mohamed Mofreh , Al-karmalawy Ahmed A. , Moatasim Yassmin , El Taweel Ahmed , Mostafa Ahmed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvestigating bicelles as an oral drug delivery system and exploiting their structural benefits can pave the way to formulate hydrophobic drugs and potentiate their activity. Herein, the ability of non-ionic surfactants (labrasol®, tween 80, cremophore EL and pluronic F127) to form curcumin loaded bicelles with phosphatidylcholine, utilizing a simple method, was investigated. Molecular docking was used to understand the mechanism of bicelles formation. The % transmittance and TEM exhibited bicelles formation with labrasol® and tween 80, while cremophor EL and pluronic F127 tended to form mixed micelles. The surfactant-based nanostructures significantly improved curcumin dissolution (99.2 ± 2.6% within 10 min in case of tween 80-based bicelles) compared to liposomes and curcumin suspension in non-sink conditions. The prepared formulations improved curcumin ex vivo permeation over liposomes and drug suspension. Further, the therapeutic antiviral activity of the formulated curcumin against SARS-CoV-2 was potentiated over drug suspension. Although both Labrasol® and tween 80 bicelles could form bicelles and enhance the oral delivery of curcumin when compared to liposomes and drug suspension, the mixed micelles formulations depicted superiority than bicelles formulations. Our findings provide promising formulations that can be utilized for further preclinical and clinical studies of curcumin as an antiviral therapy for COVID-19 patients.
Maternal food restriction during pregnancy affects offspring development and swimming performance in a placental live-bearing fish
Authors: Hagmayer Andres , Lankheet Martin J. , Bijsterbosch Judith , van Leeuwen Johan L. , Pollux Bart J. A. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTHow pregnant mothers allocate limited resources to different biological functions such as maintenance, somatic growth, and reproduction can have profound implications for early life development and survival of offspring. Here, we examined the effects of maternal food restriction during pregnancy on offspring in the matrotrophic (i.e. mother-nourishment throughout gestation) live-bearing fish species Phalloptychus januarius (Poeciliidae). We fed pregnant females with either low or high food levels for 6 weeks and quantified the consequences for offspring size and body fat at birth and 1 week after birth. We further measured fast-start escape performance of offspring at birth, as well as swimming kinematics during prey capture at 0, 2 and 7 days after birth. We found that the length of maternal food restriction during pregnancy negatively affected offspring dry mass and lean dry mass at birth, as well as body fat gain during the first week after birth. Moreover, it impacted the locomotor performance of offspring during prey capture at birth and during the first week after birth. We did not observe an effect of food restriction on fast-start escape performance of offspring. Our study suggests that matrotrophic poeciliid fish are maladapted to unpredictably fluctuating resource environments, because sudden reductions in maternal food availability during pregnancy result in smaller offspring with slower postnatal body fat gain and an inhibition of postnatal improving swimming skills during feeding, potentially leading to lower competitive abilities after birth.
Nonconcave Utility Maximization with Portfolio Bounds
Authors: Dai Min , Kou Steven , Qian Shuaijie , Wan Xiangwei 
Published: December 2021

The problems of nonconcave utility maximization appear in many areas of finance and economics, such as in behavioral economics, incentive schemes, aspiration utility, and goal-reaching problems. Existing literature solves these problems using the concavification principle. We provide a framework for solving nonconcave utility maximization problems, where the concavification principle may not hold, and the utility functions can be discontinuous. We find that adding portfolio bounds can offer distinct economic insights and implications consistent with existing empirical findings. Theoretically, by introducing a new definition of viscosity solution, we show that a monotone, stable, and consistent finite difference scheme converges to the value functions of the nonconcave utility maximization problems. This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance. Funding: M. Dai acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 12071333 and 11671292] and the SingaporeMinistry of Education [Grants R-146-000-243-114, R-146-000-306-114, R-146-000-311-114, and R-703-000-032-112]. X. Wan is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71850010, 72171109, 71972131, and 72271157]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4228 .
Design and Experimental Study of a Spiral Auxiliary Feeding Device for Lodged Corn on a Combine Harvester
Authors: Fu Qiankun , Fu Jun , Chen Zhi , Zhao Rongqiang , Ren Luquan 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsThis study designed an auxiliary feeding device for lodged corn on a combine harvester.The mechanical characteristics of lodged corn stalks were studied as the basis of the design.The working parameters were optimized in an orthogonal experiment.Abstract. Lodging causes kernel and ear loss in mechanical harvesting of corn and threatens grain security. To address this issue, the mechanical bending properties and lifting forces of lodged corn stalks were explored in this study. The ears of lodged corn could be lifted to the normal harvesting height by applying an upward force to the stalks. Based on this conclusion, an auxiliary feeding device for lodged corn in a combine harvester was designed. An orthogonal optimization experiment was conducted to explore the effects of working parameters on the device performance. The results demonstrated that the sequence of the factors affecting kernel loss with the auxiliary feeding device was: harvesting direction, forward speed of the harvester, and rotating speed of the spiral stalk lifter. The optimal combination of harvester forward speed and rotating speed of the spiral stalk lifter was 0.5 m s-1 and 300 rpm, and the ratio of the peripheral speed to the speed of motion was 9.42. The optimal harvesting direction was opposite to the lodging direction of the stalks. This study provides a theoretical basis and design reference for low-loss harvesting of lodged corn. Keywords: Auxiliary feeding, Combine harvester, Corn, Harvest loss, Lodging, Orthogonal experiment.
Evaluation of Design Characteristics for Animal Mortality Composting Systems
Authors: Costa Tiago , Akdeniz Neslihan 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsDesign characteristics for animal mortality compost cover materials were tested.Compressive stress was applied to simulate the effects of the mortalities on cover materials.The highest permeability was measured for sawdust at 25% moisture content.A linear relationship was found between the volumetric flow rate and the power required to aerate the piles.Abstract. Composting is an aerobic process that relies on natural aeration to maintain proper oxygen levels. Air-filled porosity, mechanical strength, and permeability are among the essential parameters used to optimize the process. This study’s objective was to measure the physical parameters and airflow characteristics of three commonly used cover materials at four moisture levels, which could be used in designing actively aerated swine mortality composting systems. A laboratory-scale experiment was conducted to measure pressure drops across the cover materials as a function of the airflow rate and the material’s moisture content. Compressive stress was applied for 48 h to simulate the impact of swine mortalities on the cover materials. The power required to aerate each material was determined as a function of volumetric flow rate and moisture content. As expected, air-filled porosity and permeability decreased with increasing bulk density and moisture content. The highest average permeability values were measured at 25% moisture content and ranged from 66 × 10-4 to 70 × 10-4 mm2, from 161 × 10-4 to 209 × 10-4 mm2, and from 481 × 10-4 to 586 × 10-4 mm2 for woodchips, ground cornstalks, and sawdust, respectively. For the range of airflow rates tested in this study (0.0025 to 0.0050 m3 s-1 m-2), a linear relationship (R2 = 0.975) was found between the volumetric flow rate (m3 s-1) and the power required to aerate the compost pile (W per 100 kg of swine mortality). Keywords: Airflow, Darcy’s law, Livestock, Modeling, Permeability, Pressure drop.
Protocol of the Healthy Brain Study: An accessible resource for understanding the human brain and how it dynamically and individually operates in its bio-social context
Authors:   Healthy Brain Study consortium, Aarts Esther , Akkerman Agnes , Altgassen Mareike , Bartels Ronald , Beckers Debby , Bevelander Kirsten , Bijleveld Erik , Blaney Davidson Esmeralda , Boleij Annemarie , Bralten Janita , Cillessen Toon , Claassen Jurgen , Cools Roshan , Cornelissen Ineke , Dresler Martin , Eijsvogels Thijs , Faber Myrthe , Fernández Guillén , Figner Bernd , Fritsche Matthias , Füllbrunn Sascha , Gayet Surya , van Gelder Marleen M. H. J. , van Gerven Marcel , Geurts Sabine , Greven Corina U. , Groefsema Martine , Haak Koen , Hagoort Peter , Hartman Yvonne , van der Heijden Beatrice , Hermans Erno , Heuvelmans Vivian , Hintz Florian , den Hollander Janet , Hulsman Anneloes M. , Idesis Sebastian , Jaeger Martin , Janse Esther , Janzing Joost , Kessels Roy P. C. , Karremans Johan C. , de Kleijn Willemien , Klein Marieke , Klumpers Floris , Kohn Nils , Korzilius Hubert , Krahmer Bas , de Lange Floris , van Leeuwen Judith , Liu Huaiyu , Luijten Maartje , Manders Peggy , Manevska Katerina , Marques José P. , Matthews Jon , McQueen James M. , Medendorp Pieter , Melis René , Meyer Antje , Oosterman Joukje , Overbeek Lucy , Peelen Marius , Popma Jean , Postma Geert , Roelofs Karin , van Rossenberg Yvonne G. T. , Schaap Gabi , Scheepers Paul , Selen Luc , Starren Marianne , Swinkels Dorine W. , Tendolkar Indira , Thijssen Dick , Timmerman Hans , Tutunji Rayyan , Tuladhar Anil , Veling Harm , Verhagen Maaike , Verkroost Jasper , Vink Jacqueline , Vriezekolk Vivian , Vrijsen Janna , Vyrastekova Jana , van der Wal Selina , Willems Roel , Willemsen Arthur 
Published: December 2021

The endeavor to understand the human brain has seen more progress in the last few decades than in the previous two millennia. Still, our understanding of how the human brain relates to behavior in the real world and how this link is modulated by biological, social, and environmental factors is limited. To address this, we designed the Healthy Brain Study (HBS), an interdisciplinary, longitudinal, cohort study based on multidimensional, dynamic assessments in both the laboratory and the real world. Here, we describe the rationale and design of the currently ongoing HBS. The HBS is examining a population-based sample of 1,000 healthy participants (age 30–39) who are thoroughly studied across an entire year. Data are collected through cognitive, affective, behavioral, and physiological testing, neuroimaging, bio-sampling, questionnaires, ecological momentary assessment, and real-world assessments using wearable devices. These data will become an accessible resource for the scientific community enabling the next step in understanding the human brain and how it dynamically and individually operates in its bio-social context. An access procedure to the collected data and bio-samples is in place and published onhttps://www.healthybrainstudy.nl/en/data-and-methods/access.Trail registration:https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7955.
Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of Hungarian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale
Authors: Stankovic Mona , Papp László , Nyúl Boglárka , Ivánkovits László , Pető Zoltán , Töreki Annamária 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic has had a global major healthcare, social and economic impact. In present study we aim to adapt the Fear of COVID-19 Scale to Hungarian.Materials and methodsForward-backward translation method was used to translate the English version of the scale to Hungarian. Participants were a convenience sample of 2175 university students and employees. The study was conducted between January 18thand February 12th2021. The test battery included Hungarian versions of Fear of COVID-19 scale, short Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-H) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).ResultsThe scale showed one-factor structure, the loadings on the factor were significant and strong (from .47 to .84). Internal consistency was very good (α = .84). Construct validity for the Fear of COVID-19 Scale was supported by significant and positive correlations with STAI (r = 0.402; p < 0.001) and BDI-H (r = 0.270; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe Hungarian version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale is a reliable and valid tool in assessing fear of coronavirus.
GFR estimation is complicated by a high incidence of non-steady-state serum creatinine concentrations at the emergency department
Authors: Niemantsverdriet M. S. A. , Pieters T. T. , Hoefer I. E. , Verhaar M. C. , Joles J. A. , van Solinge W. W. , Tiel Groenestege W. M. , Haitjema S. , Rookmaaker M. B. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Acquiring a reliable estimate of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the emergency department (ED) is important for clinical management and for dosing renally excreted drugs. However, renal function formulas such as CKD-EPI can give biased results when serum creatinine (SCr) is not in steady-state because the assumption that urinary creatinine excretion is constant is then invalid. We assessed the extent of this by analysing variability in SCr in patients who visited the ED of a tertiary care centre.

Methods
Data from ED visits at the University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands between 2012 and 2019 were extracted from the Utrecht Patient Oriented Database. Three measurement time points were defined for each visit: last SCr measurement before visit as baseline (SCr-BL), first measurement during visit (SCr-ED) and a subsequent measurement between 6 and 24 hours during admission (SCr-H1). Non-steady-state SCr was defined as exceeding the Reference Change Value (RCV), with 15% decrease or 18% increase between successive SCr measurements. Exceeding the RCV was deemed as a significant change.

Results
Of visits where SCr-BL and SCr-ED were measured (N = 47,540), 28.0% showed significant change in SCr. Of 17,928 visits admitted to the hospital with a SCr-H1 after SCr-ED, 27,7% showed significant change. More than half (55%) of the patients with SCr values available at all three timepoints (11,054) showed at least one significant change in SCr over time.

Conclusion
One third of ED visits preceded and/or followed by creatinine measurement show non-stable serum creatinine concentration. At the ED automatically calculated eGFR should therefore be interpreted with great caution when assessing kidney function.
Factors Influencing Depression among Indonesians during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Sarfika Rika , Malini Hema , Putri Dewi Eka , Buanasari Andi , Abdullah Khatijah Lim , Freska Windy 
Published: December 2021

Background: The 2019 Coronavirus pneumonia disease (COVID-19) has gained intense attention globally, including in Indonesia. The rapid transmission and clinical effects of the virus can cause depression in Indonesian society. However, information on risk factors for depression during COVID-19 in this country is not known. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the level of depression and identify factors influencing depression in Indonesian society during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Indonesian society aged ≥12 years old in April 2020. A total of 1,622 participants from 34 provinces in Indonesia were involved in this study and completed the online questionnaires on demographics, social media exposure, self-rated health, and depression levels with the WHO-Five Well-being Index (WHO-5). Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with depression levels.Results: Of the total sample analyzed, the overall prevalence of depression levels was 28.5% mild depression, 18.4% moderate depression, and 24.8% severe depression. Social media exposure (SME), age, gender, occupation, and self-rated health (SRH) were significantly influencing depression (p<0.05). The factor that most influenced the level of depression was self-rated health (p=0.0001; OR=2.72).Conclusion: This study highlights depression in Indonesian society during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides an understanding of the effects of demographics, social media exposure, and self-rated health. The study suggests the importance of implementing a multi-disciplinary approach (e.g., a collaboration between mental health nursing and community nursing) to deal with depression.
Nursing Students’ Experiences on Clinical Competency Assessment in Ghana
Authors: Anim-Boamah Oboshie , Christmals Christmal Dela , Armstrong Susan Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Background: More countries are establishing licensing examination systems for nursing education, including clinical competency assessment. In Ghana, clinical competency assessment forms part of the nursing licensing examination and is perceived as the benchmark for nursing licensing examination in the sub-region. The nationalised assessment system is established with some ad hoc changes over the last decade which requires continual evaluation. It is essential to find out how students experience this assessment system. Purpose: This study aimed to explore nursing students’ experiences of the clinical competency assessment in Ghana. Methods: An exploratory descriptive qualitative design was used in this study. Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 68 final year students purposively selected from eight nursing education programs. The FGDs lasted between 90 to 120 minutes. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: Although the pre-examination conference between students and examiners helped lessen students’ anxiety, limited resources, incongruence in teaching, practice and assessment, inherent biases due to the unstandardised assessment system, and a financial burden compromised the quality of the assessment.Conclusion:Clinical competency assessment is central to nursing licensing examinations; hence the ability of the system to discriminate competent and incompetent nurses otherwise cannot be overemphasised. Standardisation, training of the examiners and continuous evaluation of the assessment system are imperative for quality improvement in clinical competency assessment.
Male teachers in preschool teaching levels – a feminist Viewpoint
Authors: Alharahsheh Husam , Pius Abraham , Guenane Imad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
The aim of this brief paper is to explore and demonstrate the importance of teacher’s gender at the preschool levels of education and would be focussing on men as professional teachers at the preschool level of education or nursery level of education, and how the participation of male teachers has contributed to the feminist view within teaching. The paper is primarily supported by secondary research through inclusion and consideration of different peer reviewed academic papers relating to the subject. The paper highlights key considerations and reasons derived from different countries in relation to the underrepresentation of males within this level of education including low salaries, dominance of female’s numbers in the profession, the negative stigma associated with men working within this level of education, and social fears. However, male presence in this level of education is supported due to various reasons including diversification of students’ experience within preschool levels of education and consideration of equality matters.
SYNCHRONOUS COMPUTER-SUPPORTED COLLABORATIVE WRITING OF THE PROPOSAL DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Asotska-Wierzba Yuliya 
Published: December 2021

Modern technology has already changed the way we live, but the COVID-19 pandemic has provided us educators with an unprecedented situation in which we are faced with the enormous challenge of teaching online for a long period of time. It is therefore important to analyse various techniques for getting the most out of distance teaching, especially in a synchronous mode. The aim of the study discussed in this article was to analyse students’ attitudes towards collaborative online work undertaken in synchronous mode during the pandemic. Thirty-three first-year BA students studying English Philology participated in this study. Respondents reflected on the process of online, synchronous collaboration via MS Teams by answering an online survey. The results of the study revealed that collaborative learning allows participants to actively participate in an online lesson, interact with others, co-construct a writing task, apply the new language introduced in lessons in a practical task and receive almost instant feedback. Consequently, any sense of isolation the students may feel is reduced and a sense of community is developed. In addition to this, a collaborative task enhances students’ use of academic skills and the development of key competences that can lay the foundation for lifelong learning.