bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anorexia nervosa and pancreatitis
Authors: Hudson-Phillips Sarah , Mayo Kate , Cox Kofi , Sharif Zeynab , Burns Joshua 
Published: December 2021

Acute pancreatitis is a condition whereby erroneous activation of trypsin and zymogen results in pancreatic autodigestion. There are many aetiologies, with alcohol intake and gallstones being the most common. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which patients' reduced food intake and psychological aversion of weight gain can result in low body weight and malnourishment. The link between pancreatitis and anorexia nervosa is not well understood; this article explores the theorised pathophysiology connecting the two conditions, as well as the optimal management of patients when the conditions co-exist based on current literature. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases for all journal articles on the topic of presentations of acute or chronic pancreatitis in adults with anorexia nervosa. The literature proposes various links between anorexia nervosa and pancreatitis. It is theorised that pancreatitis may arise as a result of malnourishment itself or secondary to the refeeding process. Some explanations focus on the histopathological changes to the pancreas that malnourishment induces, while others focus on the enzymatic changes and oxidative damage that arise in the malnourished state. More mechanical mechanisms such as gastric dilatation, gastrointestinal ileus and compartmental fluid shift during refeeding have also been proposed as explanations for the link between the conditions. Some medications used in the management of anorexia nervosa have also been linked to pancreatitis.
Outcomes of primary total hip arthroplasty using 3D image-based custom stems in unselected patients: a systematic review
Authors: Nogier Alexis , Tourabaly Idriss , Ramos-Pascual Sonia , Müller Jacobus H. , Saffarini Mo , Courtin Cyril 
Published: December 2021

To report clinical and radiographic outcomes of primary THA using three-dimensional (3D) image-based custom stems.This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020216079). A search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane. Clinical studies were included if they reported clinical or radiographic outcomes of primary THA using 3D image-based custom stems. Studies were excluded if specific to patients with major hip anatomical deformities, or if not written in English.Fourteen studies were eligible for inclusion (n = 1936 hips). There was considerable heterogeneity in terms of manufacturer, proximal geometry, coating and length of custom stems. Revision rates ranged from 0% to 1% in the short-term, 0% to 20% in the mid-term, and 4% to 10% in the long-term, while complication rates ranged from 3% in the short-term, 0% to 11% in the mid-term and 0% to 4% in the long-term. Post-operative Harris hip scores ranged from 95 to 96 in the short-term, 80 to 99 in the mid-term, and 87 to 94 in the long-term. Radiographic outcomes were reported in eleven studies, although none reported 3D implant sizing or positioning, nor compared planned and postoperative hip architecture.Primary THA using 3D image-based custom stems in unselected patients provides limited but promising clinical and radiographic outcomes. Despite excellent survival, the evidence available in the literature remains insufficient to recommend their routine use. Future studies should specify proximal geometry, length, fixation, material and coating, as well as management of femoral offset and anteversion. The authors propose a classification system to help distinguish between custom stem designs based primarily on their proximal geometry and length.Cite this article:EFORT Open Rev2021;6:1166-1180. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210053
Outcomes of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in soccer players
Authors:   MARS Group
Published: December 2021

Aims There is limited information on outcomes of revision ACL reconstruction (rACLR) in soccer (association football) athletes, particularly on return to sport and the rate of additional knee surgery. The purpose of this study was to report return to soccer after rACLR, and to test the hypothesis that patient sex and graft choice are associated with return to play and the likelihood of future knee surgery in soccer players undergoing rACLR. Methods Soccer athletes enrolled in a prospective multicentre cohort were contacted to collect ancillary data on their participation in soccer and their return to play following rACLR. Information regarding if and when they returned to play and their current playing status was recorded. If they were not currently playing soccer, they were asked the primary reason they stopped playing. Information on any subsequent knee surgery following their index rACLR was also collected. Player demographic data and graft choice were collected from their baseline enrolment data at rACLR. Results Soccer-specific follow-up was collected on 76% (33 male, 39 female) of 95 soccer athletes. Subsequent surgery information was collected on 95% (44 male, 46 female). Overall, 63% of athletes returned to soccer a mean 9.6 months (SD 5.8) after index revision surgery but participation in soccer decreased to 19% at a mean of 6.4 years (SD 1.3) after surgery. There was no significant association of patient sex or graft choice with return to play, time of return to play, or long-term return to play. Females were more likely than males to have subsequent knee surgery following rACLR (20% (9/46) vs 5% (2/44); p = 0.050). The rate of recurrent graft tear (5.6%; 5/90) was similar between males and females. Conclusion Approximately two-thirds of soccer players return to sport after rACLR, but the rate of participation drops significantly over time. Neither patient sex nor graft choice at the time of rACLR were associated with return to play. Female soccer players face a higher risk for additional knee surgery after rACLR than male soccer players. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(12):1043–1048.
Extracting Brillouin frequency shift accurately based on particle swarm
optimization and a cross-correlation method
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhao Jieru , Zhang Qian , Liu Jingyang , Chen Huan , Zhang Jianzhong , Zhang Mingjiang 
Published: December 2021

A fitting algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the
cross-correlation method (XCM) was proposed to accurately extract
features of the Brillouin scattering spectrum. Both the simulation and
experiment were conducted to verify the validity of the proposed
algorithm. The results show that the algorithm achieves high
demodulation accuracy and is suitable for Brillouin scattering spectra
with different signal-to-noise ratios, full width at half-maximums,
frequency sweep intervals, and spectral symmetries. Compared with the
Lorenz curve fitting and XCM algorithm, the extraction error of the
PSO-XCM can be optimized up to 99.98% and 99.93%, and the fitting
degree can be improved by 98%. Moreover, based on the proposed
algorithm, the minimum temperature measurement error can reach 0.06°C
and the Brillouin frequency shift measurement error is 0.07 MHz in
10 km sensing fiber for the Brillouin optical time domain analysis
(BOTDA) sensing system.
Dementia and autopsy-verified causes of death in racially-diverse older Brazilians
Authors: Farfel Jose M. , Leurgans Sue E. , Capuano Ana W. , de Moraes Sampaio Maria Carolina , Wilson Robert S. , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. 
Published: December 2021

Background
While dementia has been associated with specific causes of death, previous studies were relatively small autopsy series or population-based studies lacking autopsy confirmation and were restricted to Non-Latinx Whites. Here, we examine the association of dementia with autopsy-verified causes of death in racially-diverse older Brazilians.

Methods
As part of the Pathology, Alzheimer´s and Related Dementias Study (PARDoS), a community-based study in Brazil, we included 1941 racially-diverse deceased, 65 years or older at death. We conducted a structured interview with legal informants including the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale for dementia proximate to death. Causes of death were assessed after full-body autopsy and macroscopic examination of the brain, thoracic and abdominal/pelvic organs. Up to four causes of death were reported for each decedent. Causes of death were classified as circulatory, infectious, cancer and other. Logistic regression was used to determine associations of dementia with cause of death, controlling for age, sex, race, and education.

Results
Dementia was associated with a higher odds of an infectious cause of death (OR = 1.81, 95%CI:1.45–2.25), and with a lower odds of a circulatory disease as cause of death (OR = 0.69, 95%CI:0.54–0.86) and cancer as cause of death (OR = 0.41, 95%CI:0.24–0.71). Dementia was associated with a higher odds of pneumonia (OR = 1.92, 95%CI:1.53–2.40) and pulmonary embolism (OR = 2.31, 95%CI:1.75–3.05) as causes of death and with a lower odds of acute myocardial infarction (OR = 0.42, 95%CI:0.31–0.56) and arterial disease (OR = 0.76, 95%CI:0.61–0.94) as causes of death.

Conclusion
Racially-diverse older Brazilians with dementia had a higher odds of an infectious cause of death and a lower odds of cancer and circulatory disease as causes of death than those without dementia.
Prevalence of the Frank’s sign by aetiopathogenic stroke subtype: A prospective analysis
Authors: Sánchez-Cirera Laura , Bashir Saima , Ciscar Adina , Marco Carla , Cruz Verónica , Terceño Mikel , Silva Yolanda , Serena Joaquín 
Published: December 2021

Background and purpose
The Frank’s sign is a diagonal earlobe crease running from the tragus to the edge of the auricle at an angle of 45°. Many studies have associated this sign with coronary artery disease and some with cerebrovascular disease. The objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence of the Frank’s sign in patients suffering from acute stroke with a particular focus on its prevalence in each of the five aetiopathogenic stroke subtypes. Special interest is given to embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), correlating the sign with clinical and radiological markers that support an underlying causal profile in this subgroup.

Methods
Cross-sectional descriptive study including 124 patients admitted consecutively to a stroke unit after suffering an acute stroke. The Frank’s sign was evaluated by the same blinded member of the research team from photographs taken of the patients. The stroke subtype was classified following SSS-TOAST criteria and the aetiological study was performed following the ESO guidelines.

Results
The Frank’s sign was present in 75 patients and was more prevalent in patients with an ischaemic stroke in comparison with haemorrhagic stroke (63.9 vs. 37.5, p<0.05). A similar prevalence was found in the different ischaemic stroke subtypes. The Frank’s sign was significantly associated with age, particularly in patients older than 70 who had vascular risk factors. Atherosclerotic plaques found in carotid ultrasonography were significantly more frequent in patients with the Frank’s sign (63.6%, p<0.05). Analysing the ESUS, we also found an association with age and a higher prevalence of the Frank’s sign in patients with vascular risk factors and a tendency to a high prevalence of atherosclerosis markers.

Conclusion
The Frank’s sign is prevalent in all aetiopathogenic ischaemic stroke subtypes, including ESUS, where it could be helpful in suspecting the underlying cardioembolic or atherothrombotic origin and guiding the investigation of atherosclerosis in patients with ESUS and the Frank’s sign.
mAb Das-1 recognizes 3’-Sulfated Lewis A/C, which is aberrantly expressed during metaplastic and oncogenic transformation of several gastrointestinal Epithelia
Authors: Brown Jeffrey W. , Das Koushik K. , Kalas Vasilios , Das Kiron M. , Mills Jason C. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
Multiple previous studies have shown the monoclonal antibody Das-1 (formerly called 7E12H12) is specifically reactive towards metaplastic and carcinomatous lesions in multiple organs of the gastrointestinal system (e.g. Barrett’s esophagus, intestinal-type metaplasia of the stomach, gastric adenocarcinoma, high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) as well as in other organs (bladder and lung carcinomas). Beyond being a useful biomarker in tissue, mAb Das-1 has recently proven to be more accurate than current paradigms for identifying cysts harboring advanced neoplasia. Though this antibody has been used extensively for clinical, basic science, and translational applications for decades, its epitope has remained elusive.

Methods
In this study, we chemically deglycosylated a standard source of antigen, which resulted in near complete loss of the signal as measured by western blot analysis. The epitope recognized by mAb Das-1 was determined by affinity to a comprehensive glycan array and validated by inhibition of a direct ELISA.

Results
The epitope recognized by mAb Das-1 is 3’-Sulfo-Lewis A/C (3’-Sulfo-LeA/C). 3’-Sulfo-LeA/C is broadly reexpressed across numerous GI epithelia and elsewhere during metaplastic and carcinomatous transformation.

Discussion
3’-Sulfo-LeA/C is a clinically important antigen that can be detected both intracellularly in tissue using immunohistochemistry and extracellularly in cyst fluid and serum by ELISA. The results open new avenues for tumorigenic risk stratification of various gastrointestinal lesions.
Plasticity of the bony carotid canal and its clinical use for assessing negative remodeling of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Oichi Yuki , Mineharu Yohei , Agawa Yuji , Morimoto Takaaki , Funaki Takeshi , Fushimi Yasutaka , Yoshida Kazumichi , Kataoka Hiroharu , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: December 2021

Background and objective
It has long been believed that the bony carotid canal has no plasticity and that a small canal represents a hypoplastic internal carotid artery. We aimed to show whether the carotid canal can narrow according to morphological changes in the internal carotid artery.

Materials and methods
The carotid canal diameter was longitudinally measured in seven individuals who underwent carotid artery ligation. As moyamoya disease is known to be associated with negative remodeling of the internal carotid artery, the carotid canal diameter was measured in 106 patients with moyamoya disease, and an association with the outer diameter of the internal carotid artery or a correlation with the disease stage was investigated. The carotid canal was measured by computed tomography (106 patients), and the outer diameter of the artery was measured by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (63 patients). The carotid canal area was calculated by the product of the maximum axial diameter and its perpendicular diameter.

Results
All seven patients who underwent carotid artery ligation showed narrowing of the carotid canal, and the carotid canal area decreased by 12.2%–28.9% during a mean follow-up period of 4.2 years. In patients with moyamoya disease, the carotid canal area showed a linear correlation with the outer area of the internal carotid artery (r = 0.657, p < 0.001), and a negative correlation with the disease stage (ρ = −0.283, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The bony carotid canal has plasticity, and its area reflects the outer area of the internal carotid artery, therefore, it can be used to assess the remodeling of the carotid artery. A narrow carotid canal may not necessarily indicate hypoplastic internal carotid artery.
National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) to predict poor outcome in hospitalised COVID-19 patients in India
Authors: CR Pugazhvannan , Vanidassane Ilavarasi , Pownraj Dhivya , Kandasamy Ravichandran , Basheer Aneesh 
Published: December 2021

Background
While several parameters have emerged as predictors of prognosis of COVID-19, a simple clinical score at baseline might help early risk stratification. We determined the ability of National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) to predict poor outcomes among adults with COVID-19.

Methods
A prospective study was conducted on 399 hospitalised adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between August and December 2020. Baseline NEWS2 score was determined. Primary outcome was poor outcomes defined as need for mechanical ventilation or death within 28 days. The sensitivity, specificity and Area under the curve were determined for NEWS2 scores of 5 and 6.

Results
Mean age of patients was 55.5 ± 14.8 years and 275 of 399 (68.9%) were male. Overall mortality was 3.8% and 7.5% had poor outcomes. Median (interquartile range) NEWS2 score at admission was 2 (0–6). Sensitivity and specificity of NEWS 2 of 5 or more in predicting poor outcomes was 93.3% (95% CI: 76.5–98.8) and 70.7% (95% CI: 65.7–75.3) respectively [area under curve 0.88 (95% CI: 0.847–0.927)]. Age, baseline pulse rate, baseline oxygen saturation, need for supplemental oxygen and ARDS on chest X ray were independently associated with poor outcomes.

Conclusions
NEWS2 score of 5 or more at admission predicts poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19 with good sensitivity and can easily be applied for risk stratification at baseline. Further studies are needed in the Indian setting to validate this simple score and recommend widespread use.
Hypercoagulation detected by routine and global laboratory hemostasis assays in patients with infective endocarditis
Authors: Koltsova Ekaterina M. , Sorokina Maria A. , Pisaryuk Alexandra S. , Povalyaev Nikita M. , Ignatova Anastasia A. , Polokhov Dmitry M. , Kotova Elizaveta O. , Balatskiy Alexander V. , Ataullakhanov Fazoil I. , Panteleev Mikhail A. , Kobalava Zhanna D. , Balandina Anna N. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Coagulation system is heavily involved into the process of infective endocarditis (IE) vegetation formation and can facilitate further embolization. In this study we aimed to assess the coagulation and platelet state in IE implementing a wide range of standard and global laboratory assays. We also aim to determine whether prothrombotic genetic polymorphisms play any role in embolization and mortality in IE patients.

Methods
37 patients with IE were enrolled into the study. Coagulation was assessed using standard coagulation assays (activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin, fibrinogen, D-dimer concentrations) and integral assays (thromboelastography (TEG) and thrombodynamics (TD)). Platelet functional activity was estimated by flow cytometry. Single nuclear polymorphisms of coagulation system genes were studied.

Results
Fibrinogen concentration and fibrinogen-dependent parameters of TEG and TD were increased in patients indicating systemic inflammation. In majority of patients clot growth rate in thrombodynamics was significantly shifted towards hypercoagulation in consistency with D-dimers elevation. However, in some patients prothrombin, thromboelastography and thrombodynamics were shifted towards hypocoagulation. Resting platelets were characterized by glycoprotein IIb-IIIa activation and degranulation. In patients with fatal IE, we observed a significant decrease in fibrinogen and thrombodynamics. In patients with embolism, we observed a significant decrease in the TEG R parameter. No association of embolism or mortality with genetic polymorphisms was found in our cohort.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that coagulation in patients with infective endocarditis is characterized by general hypercoagulability and platelet pre-activation. Some patients, however, have hypocoagulant coagulation profile, which presumably can indicate progressing of hypercoagulation into consumption coagulopathy.
Race/Ethnicity and Birthplace as Risk Factors for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia in a Multiethnic United States Population
Authors: Tan Mimi C. , Jamali Taher , Nguyen Theresa H. , Galvan Amy , Sealock Robert J. , Khan Anam , Zarrin-Khameh Neda , Holloman Ashley , Kampagianni Ourania , Ticas David Henriquez , Liu Yan , El-Serag Hashem B. , Thrift Aaron P. 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Several US subgroups have increased risk of gastric cancer and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) and may benefit from targeted screening. We evaluated demographic and clinical risk factors for GIM and examined the interaction between race/ethnicity and birthplace on GIM risk.

METHODS:
We identified patients who had undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy with gastric biopsy from 3/2006–11/2016 using the pathology database at a safety net hospital in Houston, Texas. Cases had GIM on ≥1 gastric biopsy histopathology, whereas controls lacked GIM on any biopsy. We estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations with GIM risk using logistic regression and developed a risk prediction model of GIM risk. We additionally examined for associations using a composite variable combining race/ethnicity and birthplace.

RESULTS:
Among 267 cases with GIM and 1,842 controls, older age (vs <40 years: 40–60 years adjusted odds ratios (adjORs) 2.02; 95% CI 1.17–3.29; >60 years adjOR 4.58; 95% CI 2.61–8.03), Black race (vs non-Hispanic White: adjOR 2.17; 95% CI 1.31–3.62), Asian race (adjOR 2.83; 95% CI 1.27–6.29)
, and current smoking status (adjOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.39–3.00) were independently associated with increased GIM risk. Although non-US-born Hispanics had higher risk of GIM (vs non-Hispanic White: adjOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.28–3.45), we found no elevated risk for US-born Hispanics (adjOR 1.13; 95% CI 0.57–2.23). The risk prediction model had area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.673 (95% CI 0.636–0.710) for discriminating GIM.

DISCUSSION:
We found that Hispanics born outside the United States were at increased risk of GIM, whereas Hispanics born in the United States were not, independent of Helicobacter pylori infection. Birthplace may be more informative than race/ethnicity when determining GIM risk among US populations.
gestión del riesgo en los equipos quirúrgicos de alta complejidad: el caso del Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Eva Perón
Authors: Díaz Daiana Valeria 
Published: December 2021

Estudios realizados en diversos países muestran que los servicios en los que se producen la mayor cantidad de eventos adversos son los de cirugía y que, en comparación a los países industrializados, los países en desarrollo presentan una probabilidad mayor de que se produzcan tales eventos. En Argentina, esta problemática está invisibilizada por la falta de información sobre sucesos de este tipo y la escasez de investigaciones que la abordan.En este marco, se inserta nuestro interés por posar la mirada en la gestión del riesgo en el quirófano, abordando nuestro estudio desde las ciencias de la gestión y la administración, con el fin de estudiar las condiciones de riesgo para los pacientes, las prácticas concernientes al proceso de trabajo, los factores organizacionales que convergen en el mismo y las estrategias utilizadas por el equipo para gestionar el riesgo.Utilizamos una perspectiva metodológica predominantemente cualitativa, cuya estrategia de investigación consistió en el estudio de caso. Consideramos el caso del Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Eva Perón comoejemplar para el estudio descriptivo de las formas en que gestionan el riesgo los equipos quirúrgicos en intervenciones de alta complejidad. Se dio prioridad a fuentes de información primaria a partir de lastécnicas de recolección de datos de observación no participante y entre vistas en profundidad. La indagación fue complementada con fuentes de información secundaria.Los resultados obtenidos nos permitieron aportar evidencia empírica relacionada con las situaciones críticas y riesgos del sistema, así como sobre la gestión de los mismos.