bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Livestock-associated MRSA survival on house flies (Musca domestica) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) after removal from a Danish pig farm
Authors: Stelder Jonno Jorn , Kjær Lene Jung , Jensen Lars Bogø , Boklund Anette Ella , Denwood Matt , Carlsen Margrethe , Bødker René 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe caught stable- and house flies on a Danish LA-MRSA positive pig farm. Stable- and house flies were housed together and culled over time to test for the presence of live LA-MRSA bacteria at 24 h intervals to establish the length of time for which LA-MRSA can persist on flies. On average, 7% of stable flies and 27% of house flies tested positive for LA-MRSA immediately upon removal from the farm. LA-MRSA prevalence decreased over time and estimates based on a Kaplan–Meier time-to-event analysis indicated that the probability of a stable- or house fly testing positive for LA-MRSA was 5.4% and 7.8% after 24 h, 3.5% and 4.3% after 48 h, 3.1% and 2.2% after 72 h and 0.4% and 0% after 96 h of removal from the pig farm, respectively. Simultaneously, we found that caged cultivated house flies became carriers of LA-MRSA, without direct contact with pigs, in the same proportions as wild flies inside the farm. We provide distance distributions of Danish pig farms and residential addresses as well as the calculated maximum dispersal potentials of stable- and house flies, which suggest that there is a potential for stable- and house flies dispersing live LA-MRSA bacteria into the surrounding environment of a pig farm. This potential should therefore be considered when modelling the spread between farms or the risk posed to humans living in close proximity to LA-MRSA pig farm sources.
Low-dose CBCT reconstruction via joint non-local total variation denoising and cubic B-spline interpolation
Authors: Lee Ho , Park Jiyoung , Choi Yeonho , Park Kyung Ran , Min Byung Jun , Lee Ik Jae 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study develops an improved Feldkamp–Davis–Kress (FDK) reconstruction algorithm using non-local total variation (NLTV) denoising and a cubic B-spline interpolation-based backprojector to enhance the image quality of low-dose cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The NLTV objective function is minimized on all log-transformed projections using steepest gradient descent optimization with an adaptive control of the step size to augment the difference between a real structure and noise. The proposed algorithm was evaluated using a phantom data set acquired from a low-dose protocol with lower milliampere-seconds (mAs).The combination of NLTV minimization and cubic B-spline interpolation rendered the enhanced reconstruction images with significantly reduced noise compared to conventional FDK and local total variation with anisotropic penalty. The artifacts were remarkably suppressed in the reconstructed images. Quantitative analysis of reconstruction images using low-dose projections acquired from low mAs showed a contrast-to-noise ratio with spatial resolution comparable to images reconstructed using projections acquired from high mAs. The proposed approach produced the lowest RMSE and the highest correlation. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm enables application of the conventional FDK algorithm for low mAs image reconstruction in low-dose CBCT imaging, thereby eliminating the need for more computationally demanding algorithms. The substantial reductions in radiation exposure associated with the low mAs projection acquisition may facilitate wider practical applications of daily online CBCT imaging.
Optical vagus nerve modulation of heart and respiration via heart-injected retrograde AAV
Authors: Fontaine Arjun K. , Futia Gregory L. , Rajendran Pradeep S. , Littich Samuel F. , Mizoguchi Naoko , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Ardell Jeffrey L. , Restrepo Diego , Caldwell John H. , Gibson Emily A. , Weir Richard F. ff 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVagus nerve stimulation has shown many benefits for disease therapies but current approaches involve imprecise electrical stimulation that gives rise to off-target effects, while the functionally relevant pathways remain poorly understood. One method to overcome these limitations is the use of optogenetic techniques, which facilitate targeted neural communication with light-sensitive actuators (opsins) and can be targeted to organs of interest based on the location of viral delivery. Here, we tested whether retrograde adeno-associated virus (rAAV2-retro) injected in the heart can be used to selectively express opsins in vagus nerve fibers controlling cardiac function. Furthermore, we investigated whether perturbations in cardiac function could be achieved with photostimulation at the cervical vagus nerve. Viral injection in the heart resulted in robust, primarily afferent, opsin reporter expression in the vagus nerve, nodose ganglion, and brainstem. Photostimulation using both one-photon stimulation and two-photon holography with a GRIN-lens incorporated nerve cuff, was tested on the pilot-cohort of injected mice. Changes in heart rate, surface electrocardiogram, and respiratory responses were observed in response to both one- and two-photon photostimulation. The results demonstrate feasibility of retrograde labeling for organ targeted optical neuromodulation.
Offspring fertility and grandchild survival enhanced by maternal grandmothers in a pre-industrial human society
Authors: Chapman Simon N. , Lahdenperä Mirkka , Pettay Jenni E. , Lynch Robert F. , Lummaa Virpi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHelp is directed towards kin in many cooperative species, but its nature and intensity can vary by context. Humans are one of few species in which grandmothers invest in grandchildren, and this may have served as an important driver of our unusual life history. But helping behaviour is hardly uniform, and insight into the importance of grandmothering in human evolution depends on understanding the contextual expression of helping benefits. Here, we use an eighteenth-nineteenth century pre-industrial genealogical dataset from Finland to investigate whether maternal or paternal grandmother presence (lineage relative to focal individuals) differentially affects two key fitness outcomes of descendants: fertility and survival. We found grandmother presence shortened spacing between births, particularly at younger mother ages and earlier birth orders. Maternal grandmother presence increased the likelihood of focal grandchild survival, regardless of whether grandmothers had grandchildren only through daughters, sons, or both. In contrast, paternal grandmother presence was not associated with descendants’ fertility or survival. We discuss these results in terms of current hypotheses for lineage differences in helping outcomes.
Compliance with D2 lymph node dissection in reduced-port totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Oh Sung Eun , Seo Jeong Eun , An Ji Yeong , Choi Min-Gew , Sohn Tae Sung , Bae Jae Moon , Kim Sung , Lee Jun Ho 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis phase II clinical trial was performed to determine whether reduced-port laparoscopic surgery with complete D2 lymph node (LN) dissection for gastric cancer is a safe and feasible surgical technique. The prospectively enrolled 65 gastric cancer patients underwent reduced-port surgery (i.e., triple-incision totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy [Duet TLDG] with D2 lymphadenectomy). Compliance rate was the primary outcome, which was defined as cases in which there was no more than one missing LN station during D2 LN dissection. The secondary outcomes were the numbers of dissected and retrieved LNs in each station and other short-term surgical outcomes and postoperative course. The compliance rate was 58.5%. The total number of retrieved LNs was 41 (range: 14–83 LNs). The most common station missing from LN retrieval was station no. 5 (35/65; 53.8%), followed by station no. 1 (24/65; 36.9%). The overall postoperative complication rate was 20.0% (13/65). One patient underwent surgical treatment for postoperative complications. There was no instances of mortality. Duet TLDG is an oncologically and technically safe surgical method of gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy.
Constraining Amazonian land surface temperature sensitivity to precipitation and the probability of forest dieback
Authors: Chai Yuanfang , Martins Guilherme , Nobre Carlos , von Randow Celso , Chen Tiexi , Dolman Han 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe complete or partial collapse of the forests of Amazonia is consistently named as one of the top ten possible tipping points of Planet Earth in a changing climate. However, apart from a few observational studies that showed increased mortality after the severe droughts of 2005 and 2010, the evidence for such collapse depends primarily on modelling. Such studies are notoriously deficient at predicting the rainfall in the Amazon basin and how the vegetation interacts with the rainfall is poorly represented. Here, we use long-term surface-based observations of the air temperature and rainfall in Amazonia to provide a constraint on the modelled sensitivity of temperature to changes in precipitation. This emergent constraint also allows us to significantly constrain the likelihood of a forest collapse or dieback. We conclude that Amazon dieback under IPCC scenario RCP8.5 (crossing the tipping point) is not likely to occur in the twenty-first century.
Internet search and medicaid prescription drug data as predictors of opioid emergency department visits
Authors: Young Sean D. , Zhang Qingpeng , Zhou Jiandong , Pacula Rosalie Liccardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe primary contributors to the opioid crisis continue to rapidly evolve both geographically and temporally, hampering the ability to halt the growing epidemic. To address this issue, we evaluated whether integration of near real-time social/behavioral (i.e., Google Trends) and traditional health care (i.e., Medicaid prescription drug utilization) data might predict geographic and longitudinal trends in opioid-related Emergency Department (ED) visits. From January 2005 through December 2015, we collected quarterly State Drug Utilization Data; opioid-related internet search terms/phrases; and opioid-related ED visit data. Modeling was conducted using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression prediction. Models combining Google and Medicaid variables were a better fit and more accurate (R2 values from 0.913 to 0.960, across states) than models using either data source alone. The combined model predicted sharp and state-specific changes in ED visits during the post 2013 transition from heroin to fentanyl. Models integrating internet search and drug utilization data might inform policy efforts about regional medical treatment preferences and needs.
Micro and nanoscale 3D printing using optical pickup unit from a gaming console
Authors: Chang Tien-Jen , Vaut Lukas , Voss Martin , Ilchenko Oleksii , Nielsen Line Hagner , Boisen Anja , Hwu En-Te 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConventional photopolymerization-based 3D printing still requires developing a concise and cost-effective method to improve the printing resolution at the nanoscale. Here, we propose the use of a gaming console optical drive pickup unit for 3D photopolymerization. This mass-produced optical pickup unit features a finely adjustable diode laser, allowing us to adjust the printing resolution from tens of micrometres down to hundreds of nanometres without requiring oxygen radical scavenging or costly femtosecond lasers. We evaluate the 3D printing performance using a commercial photopolymer under different laser exposure parameters. The proposed printing system achieves a resolution of 385 nm along the lateral direction and XYZ nano-resolution linear stages enable a printing volume of up to 50 × 50 × 25 mm3. Finally, we demonstrate the fabrication of 3D stereoscopic microstructures. The substantially simplified optics proposed here paves the way for affordable high-resolution micro/nanoscale 3D fabrication.
Genomic andin vitroproperties of the dairyStreptococcus thermophilusSMQ-301 strain against selected pathogens
Authors: Masumuzzaman Md , Evivie Smith Etareri , Ogwu Matthew Chidozie , Li Bailiang , Du Jincheng , Li Wan , Huo Guicheng , Liu Fei , Wang Song 
Published: February 2021

Here, we evaluated the genomic and relevant in vitro therapeutic properties of the dairy starter S. thermophilus SMQ-301 against selected pathogens to assess its potential health applications. These include bacteriocin peptides and SCFA secretion.
Adaptive fuzzy control for non‐strict‐feedback stochastic uncertain non‐linear systems based on event‐triggered strategy
Authors: Lian Yuxiao , Xia Jianwei , Sun Wei , Wang Zhen , Zhang Huasheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the issue of adaptive fuzzy control for a category of non‐strict‐feedback stochastic uncertain non‐linear systems. Based on event‐triggered mechanism, an adaptive fuzzy controller with a simple form is designed by combining backstepping technique with fuzzy logic system. The devised controller not only ensures the output signal tracking reference signal and all signals of the closed‐loop system are bounded in probability but also reduces the communication load between controller and actuator. In addition, the feasibility of the considered event‐triggered mechanism is guaranteed by eliminating Zeno behaviour. Finally, the validity of the proposed result is proved by an example.
Suppressing output power fluctuation and improving FRT Capability of DFIG‐based wind energy conversion system with SMES and dual‐mode protection scheme
Authors: Du Kai‐Jian , Zheng Zi‐Xuan , Xiao Xian‐Yong , Huang Chun‐Jun , Ren Jie , Chen Xiao‐Yuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs the grid codes of wind turbines note, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind energy conversion system (WECS) should maintain uninterrupted operation during certain voltage faults. To meet the codes, a novel configuration of DFIG‐based WECS is proposed in which a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and a series transformer are incorporated. The control strategies of the WECS are redesigned to smooth the output power fluctuations and ride through different levels of voltage faults. The grid‐side converter (GSC) is controlled to smooth power fluctuations caused by random wind speeds under normal conditions. The GSC and protection circuit are controlled to switch into the series compensation mode to fully compensate the stator voltage during voltage swells and slight voltage sags. While under severe voltage sags, the protection circuit operates in the current limiting mode, which significantly limits the stator and rotor fault overcurrent, improves the stator voltage and supresses fluctuations of the electromagnetic torque. The different faults are applied, the simulation results demonstrate that the presented scheme can effectively smooth output power fluctuations and strengthen the voltage fault ride‐through capability (FRT) of WECS.
A plexus‐convolutional neural network framework for fast remote sensing image super‐resolution in wavelet domain
Authors: Deeba Farah , Zhou Yuanchun , Dharejo Fayaz Ali , Khan Muhammad Ashfaq , Das Bhagwan , Wang Xuezhi , Du Yi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSatellite image processing has been widely used in recent years in a number of applications such as land classification, Identification transfer, resource exploration, super‐resolution image, etc. Due to the orbital location, revision time, quick view angle limitations, and weather impact, the satellite images are challenging to manage. There are many types of resolution, such as spatial, spectral, and temporal. Still, in our case, we concentrated on spatial image resolution to super resolve the images from low‐resolution images. For remote sensing image super‐resolution fast wavelet‐based super‐resolution (FWSR), we propose a novel, fast wavelet‐based plexus framework that performs super‐resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN)‐like extraction of features based on three hidden layers. First, wavelet sub‐band images are combined into a pre‐defined full‐scale data training factor, including approximation and interchangeable stand‐alone units (frequency sub‐bands). Second, to speed up image recovery, mapping the sub‐band image of the wavelet is then measured using its approximate image. Third, the added sub‐pixel layer at the end of the network model is intended to reproduce image quality using a plexus framework. The approximation sub‐band images obtained after discrete wavelet transform wavelet decomposition are used as input rather than the original image because of their high‐frequency data and preserved characteristics. Five current super‐resolution neural network approaches are compared with the proposed technique and tested on three pubic satellite image datasets and two benchmark datasets. The experimental findings are well compared qualitatively and quantitatively.
Application of IoT‐Fog based real‐time monitoring system for open‐cast mines—A survey
Authors: Yadav Devendra Kumar , Mishra Pragyan , Jayanthu Singam , Das Santos Kumar , Sharma Sanjay Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFog computing (FC) archetypes is in focus recently for its potential to utilise resources optimally by the Internet of Things (IoT) network bearing ample end‐devices. This enhances the quality of service (QoS) to the proximity of end‐users as latency‐free processing is obtained in cloud‐IoT‐based environs. Mining industry will encounter a level‐up due to these technological advancements like fog‐IoT‐based systems. Monitoring mining activities such as blasting, slope monitoring, and miner tracking are time‐sensitive. Hence, instant response is demand of extreme mine environment so that life and property are not compromised. New opportunities emerge in mining since the FC approach addresses these demands depending on the demand of the situation/user. The parameters of integrating the state‐of‐art of fog, IoT, and cloud architectures are provided, and a Fog‐IoT mines monitoring (FIoTMM) system for real‐time monitoring of open‐cast mines is proposed. This work also envisions the applications and future trends of FC concerning IoT and cloud. It emphasises how key features of fog help the system in achieving lower network influx, reduced latency, resource utilisation, and immediate data computation and storage because these services take place closer to point of data generation. This data can be immediately visualised/accessed and used to generate early warning in the mines.
Evidence of theGaia–VLBI position differences being related to radio source structure
Authors: Xu Ming H. , Lunz Susanne , Anderson James M. , Savolainen Tuomas , Zubko Nataliya , Schuh Harald 
Published: February 2021

Context.We report the relationship between theGaia–VLBI position differences and the magnitudes of source structure effects in VLBI observations.Aims.Because theGaia–VLBI position differences are statistically significant for a considerable number of common sources, we discuss and attempt to explain these position differences based on VLBI observations and available source images at centimeter wavelengths.Methods.Based on the derived closure amplitude root mean square (CARMS), which quantifies the magnitudes of source structure effects in the VLBI observations used for building the third realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame, the arc lengths and normalized arc lengths of the position differences are examined in detail. The radio-jet directions and the directions of theGaia–VLBI position differences are investigated for a small sample of sources.Results.Both the arc lengths and normalized arc lengths of theGaiaand VLBI positions are found to increase with the CARMS values. The majority of the sources with statistically significant position differences are associated with the sources having extended structure. Radio source structure is the one of the major factors of these position differences, and it can be the dominant factor for a number of sources. The vectors of theGaiaand VLBI position differences are parallel to the radio-jet directions, which is confirmed via stronger evidence.
Rubidium abundances in solar metallicity stars
Authors: Abia C. , de Laverny P. , Korotin S. , Asensio Ramos A. , Recio-Blanco A. , Prantzos N. 
Published: February 2021

Context. Rubidium is one of the few elements produced by the neutron capture s- and r-processes in almost equal proportions. Recently, a Rb deficiency ([Rb/Fe] < 0.0), amounting to a factor of about two with respect to the Sun, has been found in M dwarfs of near-solar metallicity. This stands in contrast to the close-to-solar [Sr, Zr/Fe] ratios derived in the same stars. This deficiency is difficult to understand from the point of view of observations and of nucleosynthesis.
Aims. To test the reliability of this Rb deficiency, we study the Rb and Zr abundances in a sample of KM-type giant stars across a similar metallicity range, extracted from the AMBRE Project.
Methods. We used high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra to derive Rb and Zr abundances in a sample of 54 bright giant stars with metallicities in the range of −0.6 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ +0.4 dex, via spectral synthesis in both local and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE and NLTE, respectively). We also studied the impact of the Zeeman broadening in the profile of the Rb I at λ7800 Å line.
Results. The LTE analysis also results in a Rb deficiency in giant stars, however, it is considerably lower than that obtained in M dwarfs. However, once NLTE corrections are performed, the [Rb/Fe] ratios are very close to solar (average −0.01 ± 0.09 dex) in the full metallicity range studied here. This stands in contrast to the value found for M dwarfs. The [Zr/Fe] ratios derived are in excellent agreement with those obtained in previous studies in FGK dwarf stars with a similar metallicity. We investigate the effect of gravitational settling and magnetic activity as possible causes of the Rb deficiency found in M dwarfs. Although the former phenomenon has a negligible impact on the surface Rb abundance, the presence of an average magnetic field with an intensity that is typical of that observed in M dwarfs may result in systematic Rb abundance underestimations if the Zeeman broadening is not considered in the spectral synthesis. This may explain the Rb deficiency in M dwarfs, but not fully. On the other hand, the new [Rb/Fe] and [Rb/Zr] versus [Fe/H] relationships can be explained when the Rb production by rotating massive stars and low-to-intermediate mass stars (these latter also producing Zr) are considered, without the need to deviate from the standard s-process nucleosynthesis in asymptotic giant branch stars, as suggested previously.