bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of waist-to-height ratio and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: a population-based study
Authors: Lee Hye Jin , Shim Young Suk , Yoon Jong Seo , Jeong Hwal Rim , Kang Min Jae , Hwang Il Tae 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study was performed to evaluate the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) distribution and assess its relationship with cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. A total of 8091 subjects aged 10–18 years were included from a nationally representative survey. Participants were classified into three groups: (1) < 85th, (2) ≥ 85th and < 95th, and (3) ≥ 95th percentile of WHtR. The WHtR distribution varied with sex and age. Whereas WHtR decreased from age 10–15 years in boys and from age 10–12 years in girls, it slightly increased thereafter. Compared to the < 85th percentile group, the WHtR ≥ 85th and < 95th percentile group had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.2 for elevated blood pressure (BP), 1.89 for elevated triglycerides (TGs), 1.47 for reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and 4.82 for metabolic syndrome (MetS). The ≥ 95th percentile group had an OR of 1.4 for elevated BP, 2.54 for elevated glucose, 2.22 for elevated TGs, 1.74 for reduced HDL-C, and 9.45 for MetS compared to the < 85th percentile group. Our results suggest that sex- and age-specific WHtR percentiles can be used as a simple clinical measurement to estimate cardiometabolic risk.
Multi‐attribute quantitative bearing fault diagnosis based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Shixin , Lv Qin , Zhang Shenlin , Shan Jianhua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExisting bearing fault diagnosis methods have some disadvantages, one being that most methods cannot completely consider all specific fault attributes. Another disadvantage is that the qualitative diagnosis method considers different fault types as a whole, and qualitative diagnosis of a single fault attribute is complicated. A convolutional neural network is proposed for application in the multi‐attribute quantitative bearing fault diagnosis. Multiple combinations of convolutional layers are adopted to directly extract features from one‐dimensional vibration signals. In addition, a softmax layer is designed to realise the simultaneous recognition of different fault attributes. The advantage of this approach is that it can realise diagnostic results for any combination of fault attributes and corresponding types, which overcomes the disadvantage of single attribute recognition in the traditional method. The method is simple but has strong generalisation ability with average diagnostic accuracy of more than 95%. According to bearing data from Case Western Reserve University and laboratory experiments by the authors, the results verify that the method can accurately and quantitatively diagnose bearing faults.
Analysis of influence of a novel inductive fault current limiter on the circuit breaker in 500 kV power system
Authors: Tang Qiang , Jia Shenli , Zhang Yanzhe , Xiu Shixin , Mo Wenxiong , Wang Yong , Su Haibo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA contribution to the engineering application of a proposed 500 kV fault current limiter (FCL) is presented. A new type of FCL composed of a highly coupled split reactor (HCSR) and fast switches is proposed. When the circuit breaker (CB) in series with the FCL in the 500 kV power system interrupts the limited fault current, the rate of rise of the recovery voltage (RRRV) reaches a value much higher than the rated value. Based on a simplified equivalent single‐phase circuit, the influence of the new FCL on the interruption procedure of the CB is simulated and discussed. The simulation results show that the high RRRV is caused by high‐frequency resonant oscillations between the HCSR and its parasite capacitance. Analysis indicates that when the reactance of the FCL is close to the short circuit reactance of the system, the RRRV will reach the highest value. To solve this issue, we proposed installing a shunt capacitor with the FCL. Simulation results showed that the RRRV under all fault modes could be restrained to below the rated value by introducing a certain shunt capacitor.
(Um)Strukturierung eines Krankenhauses der Maximalversorgung in der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Moskopp Dag 
Published: May 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Autor beschreibt die Entwicklung des Pandemiejahres 2020 aus einer persönlichen Sicht in Doppelfunktion: derjenigen eines Direktors der Klinik für Neurochirurgie sowie der eines Ärztlichen Direktors eines Klinikums der Maximalversorgung innerhalb des Vivantes-Netzwerkes für Gesundheit GmbH, einem kommunalen Krankenhausbetreiber mit etwa 18 000 Mitarbeitern an 8 Standorten in Berlin. Er korrelieren seine Beobachtungen zu medizinischen Publikationen sowie zu Mustern in Kunst und Historie.
Controlled Attenuation Parameter in Healthy Individuals Aged
8–70 Years
Authors: Mjelle Anders Batman , Mulabecirovic Anesa , Olafsdottir Edda Jonina , Gilja Odd Helge , Havre Roald Flesland , Vesterhus Mette 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a non-invasive method to
assess the presence of liver steatosis. It has been evaluated in children and
adults, mainly in either the obese or in subjects with suspected liver disease.
Our aim was to describe CAP in healthy non-obese subjects without suspected
liver steatosis and to suggest cutoff levels for steatosis.
Materials and Methods We prospectively recruited 187 individuals aged
8–70 years. All underwent clinical examination, including height and
weight measurement. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and converted into
z-scores. To exclude liver pathology, B-mode ultrasound and liver stiffness
measurements were performed in all prior to CAP measurement. Blood was drawn for
liver biochemistry in adults.
Results CAP was associated with BMI z-score across all ages. CAP started
to rise alongside BMI z-score already in subjects with a BMI below average. CAP
values were higher in adults than in children (p<0.001), and higher in
adult males than adult females (p=0.014). CAP did not correlate with age
within the adult or pediatric cohorts. CAP was highly correlated with the fatty
liver index. 18 and 23% of subjects showed CAP above the suggested
cutoff value for children and adults, respectively.
Conclusion CAP was correlated with BMI z-score, even in individuals with a
below-average BMI . We found CAP above published cutoff values in a substantial
proportion of presumably healthy, non-obese children and adults, warranting
further research to clarify whether this represents non-obese non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease or if reference values need adjustment.
Biomechanical Comparison of Modified Adams-Berger and DX technique in DRUJ Reconstruction
Authors: Rigó István Zoltán , Riano Felix , Kalapos Robert , Haugstvedt Jan-Ragnar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Adams-Berger ligamentoplasty is a widely accepted reconstruction for unrepairable triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries with instability. Failure of the reconstruction and recurrent instability is still a clinical problem. Internal brace augmentation of tendon grafts is gaining more popularity, but use in the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is not yet published.
Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to compare a novel anatomical DRUJ reconstruction with a modified Adams-Berger reconstruction to answer which technique stabilize better the DRUJ and which has enough stabilizing effect to allow early mobilization.
Methods Nine matched pairs of cadaveric upper extremities were used. The dorsopalmar translations in the DRUJ that occurred with 50 N load were measured before and after detachment of the TFCC from the ulna and after ligament reconstruction with either modified Adams-Berger procedure or DX Swivelock technique. Internal brace augmented palmaris longus tendon grafts were used in all reconstruction.
Results In the Adams-Berger group, the injured and the reconstructed displacements were significantly higher than the native, while in the DX group both the native and the reconstructed displacements were significantly lower than the injured. The mean (standard deviation) change of translations was 0.46 (1.94) mm after Adams-Berger and 2.51 (1.31) mm after DX reconstruction, implying significant better stabilizing effect of the latter.
Conclusions DX Swivelock reconstruction showed better time zero stabilizing effect compared with Adams-Berger procedure, regaining almost normal stability of the DRUJ.
Metabolomic Biomarkers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Alesi Simon , Ghelani Drishti , Mousa Aya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinologic condition affecting one in five women of reproductive age. PCOS is often characterized by disruptions to the menstrual cycle, development of male-pattern hair growth (hirsutism), and polycystic ovary morphology. Recently, PCOS has been linked to metabolic dysfunction, with 40 to 80% of women characterized as overweight or obese. Despite these well-known negative health effects of PCOS, 75% of sufferers remain undiagnosed. This is most likely due to the variability in symptom presentation and the lack of a definitive test for the condition. Metabolomics, which is a platform used to analyze and characterize a large number of metabolites, has recently been proposed as a potential tool for investigating the metabolic pathways that could be involved in the pathophysiology of PCOS. In doing so, novel biomarkers could be identified to improve diagnosis and treatment of PCOS. This review aims to summarize the findings of recent metabolomic studies that highlight metabolic-specific molecules which are deranged in PCOS, to identify potential biomarkers for the condition. Current limitations for metabolomic studies are discussed, as well as future directions to progress the field toward further validation and integration into clinical practice.
Not-so-straightforward links between believing in COVID-19-related conspiracy theories and engaging in disease-preventive behaviours
Authors: Chan Hoi-Wing , Chiu Connie Pui-Yee , Zuo Shijiang , Wang Xue , Liu Li , Hong Ying-yi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, pertinent conspiracy theories have proliferated online, raising the question: How might believing in those conspiracy theories be linked with engagement in disease-preventive behaviours? To answer this, we conducted a repeated cross-sectional survey of around 1500 respondents to examine the link between conspiracy-theory beliefs and disease-preventive behaviours across six time-points in the United States from early February to late March 2020. The findings reveal that believing in risk-acceptance conspiracy theories (RA-CTs; e.g., “COVID-19 is a man-made bioweapon”) was linked to more preventive behaviours. However, believing in risk-rejection conspiracy theories (RR-CTs; e.g., “COVID-19 is like influenza and was purposefully exaggerated”) was associated with fewer preventive behaviours. These differential links were mediated by risk perception and negative emotions and modulated by the stage of the outbreak—RA-CTs predicted higher risk perception in the mild stage, whereas RR-CTs predicted lower risk perception in the severe stage.
p-n heterojunctions composed of two-dimensional molecular crystals for high-performance ambipolar organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Yao Jiarong , Tian Xinzi , Yang Shuyuan , Yang Fangxu , Li Rongjin , Hu Wenping 
Published: May 2021

Bilayer p-n heterojunctions are promising structures to construct ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (aOFETs) for organic integrated circuits. However, due to the lack of effective strategies for high-quality p-n heterojunctions with clear interfaces, the performance of aOFETs is commonly and substantially lower than that of their unipolar counterparts, which hinders the development of aOFETs toward practical applications. Herein, a one-step solution crystallization strategy was proposed for the preparation of high-quality bilayer p-n heterojunctions. A mixed solution of a p- and an n-type organic semiconductor was dropped on a liquid substrate, and vertical phase separation occurred spontaneously during crystallization to produce bilayer p-n heterojunctions composed of molecularly thin two-dimensional molecular crystals. Due to the clear interface of the bilayer p-n heterojunctions, the maximum mobility (average mobility) reached 1.96 cm2 V−1 s−1 (1.12 cm2 V−1 s−1) for holes and 1.27 cm2 V−1 s−1 (0.61 cm2 V−1 s−1) for electrons in ambient air. So far as we know, these values were the highest among double-channel aOFETs measured in ambient air. This work provides a simple yet efficient strategy to construct high-quality bilayer p-n heterojunctions, which lays a foundation for their application in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Paris-Brest de Tanguy Viel
Authors: Rihs Alain 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article deals with the argumentative function of evidential markers in Viel’s novel Paris-Brest. We argue that the combination between reported speeches and evidentials allows the internal narrator to build contexts where his moral responsibility is successfully denied. More specifically, we analyse the expressive effects conveyed by the different types of the evidentials he resorts to in terms of epistemic commitment and reliability.
Comment on ‘Analytic solutions for vibrational energy levels of the pseudoharmonic potential’
Authors: Fernández Francisco M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We argue that the pseudoharmonic potential provides an unsuitable description of the interatomic potential-energy function of a diatomic molecule because of its wrong behaviour at origin and infinity and because it does not predict dissociation. In addition to it, the level spacing stemming from this model does not match the well known vibration-rotation spectrum of a diatomic molecule. We also show that the author derived a nonsensical nonrelativistic schrödinger equation for a diatomic molecule in a magnetic field and failed to solve it correctly. The dependence of the resulting energy levels on the angle between the vector position and the magnetic field is a result of a gross mistake.
Constraints on bimetric gravity. Part II. Observational constraints
Authors: Högås Marcus , Mörtsell Edvard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ghost-free bimetric gravity is a theory of two interacting spin-2 fields, one massless and one massive, in addition to the standard matter particles and fields, thereby generalizing Einstein's theory of general relativity. To parameterize the theory, we use five observables with specific physical interpretations. We present, for the first time, observational constraints on these parameters that: (i) apply to the full theory, (ii) are consistent with a working screening mechanism (i.e., restoring general relativity locally), (iii) exhibit a continuous, real-valued background cosmology (without the Higuchi ghost). For the cosmological constraints, we use data sets from the cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations, and type Ia supernovae. Bimetric cosmology provides a good fit to data even for large values of the mixing angle between the massless and massive gravitons. Interestingly, the best-fit model is a self-accelerating solution where the accelerated expansion is due to the dynamical massive spin-2 field, without a cosmological constant. Due to the screening mechanism, the models are consistent with local tests of gravity such as solar system tests and gravitational lensing by galaxies. We also comment on the possibility of alleviating the Hubble tension with this theory.
Lifshitz scaling, ringing black holes, and superradiance
Authors: Oshita Naritaka , Afshordi Niayesh , Mukohyama Shinji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate the ringdown waveform and reflectivity of a Lifshitz scalar field around a fixed Schwarzschild black hole. The radial wave equation is modified due to the Lorentz breaking terms, which leads to a diversity of ringdown waveforms. Also, it turns out that Lifshitz waves scattered by the Schwarzschild black hole exhibit superradiance. The Lorentz breaking terms lead to superluminal propagation and high-frequency modes can enter and leave the interior of the Killing horizon where negativity of energy is not prohibited. This allows the Lifshitz waves to carry out additional positive energy to infinity while leaving negative energy inside the Killing horizon, similar to the Penrose process in the ergosphere of a Kerr spacetime. Another interesting phenomenon is emergence of long-lived quasinormal modes, associated with roton-type dispersion relations.
These effects drastically modify the greybody factor of a microscopic black hole, whose Hawking temperature is comparable with or higher than the Lifshitz energy scale.
Spectral shape of quasi-monochromatic radiation from electron colliding with tightly focused laser pulses
Authors: Zhuang Jiawei , Wang Yiqiu , Wang Conglin , Cai Yunfeng , Tian Youwei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We theoretically investigate spectra of emitted light in nonlinear Thomson backscattering, which is generated during the head-on collision of the electron and the tightly focused circularly polarized laser pulse. With numerical analysis, a novel approach of generating quasi-monochromatic x-rays is obtained. By properly setting the electron–laser interaction point, limiting the laser intensity, and increasing pulse duration, the emission spectral bandwidth would be effectively narrowed without reducing the radiant energy of the electrons. In the end, the optimal situations for obtaining the quasi-monochromatic x-ray source are presented.
Survival probability of a run-and-tumble particle in the presence of a drift
Authors: De Bruyne Benjamin , Majumdar Satya N , Schehr Grégory 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider a one-dimensional run-and-tumble particle, or persistent random walk, in the presence of an absorbing boundary located at the origin. After each tumbling event, which occurs at a constant rate γ, the (new) velocity of the particle is drawn randomly from a distribution W(v). We study the survival probability S(x, t) of a particle starting from x ⩾ 0 up to time t and obtain an explicit expression for its double Laplace transform (with respect to both x and t) for an arbitrary velocity distribution W(v), not necessarily symmetric. This result is obtained as a consequence of Spitzer’s formula, which is well known in the theory of random walks and can be viewed as a generalization of the Sparre Andersen theorem. We then apply this general result to the specific case of a two-state particle with velocity ±v
0, the so-called persistent random walk (PRW), and in the presence of a constant drift μ and obtain an explicit expression for S(x, t), for which we present more detailed results. Depending on the drift μ, we find a rich variety of behaviors for S(x, t), leading to three distinct cases: (i) subcritical drift −v
0 < μ < v
0, (ii) supercritical drift μ < −v
0 and (iii) critical drift μ = −v
0. In these three cases, we obtain exact analytical expressions for the survival probability S(x, t) and establish connections with existing formulae in the mathematics literature. Finally, we discuss some applications of these results to record statistics and to the statistics of last-passage times.
Negative-temperature Fourier transport in one-dimensional systems
Authors: Baldovin Marco , Iubini Stefano 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate nonequilibrium steady states in a class of one-dimensional diffusive systems that can attain negative absolute temperatures. The cases of a paramagnetic spin system, a Hamiltonian rotator chain and a one-dimensional discrete linear Schrödinger equation are considered. Suitable models of reservoirs are implemented to impose given, possibly negative, temperatures at the chain ends. We show that a phenomenological description in terms of a Fourier law can consistently describe unusual transport regimes where the temperature profiles are entirely or partially in the negative-temperature region. Negative-temperature Fourier transport is observed both for deterministic and stochastic dynamics and it can be generalized to coupled transport when two or more thermodynamic currents flow through the system.
Status and Plans for the NA64 Experiment
Authors: Bernhard J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The NA64 experiment at the CERN North Area searches for dark matter production via both visible and invisible decays of sub-GeV vector mediators, such as the dark photon A′. In a first data taking period from 2016-2018, A′ generation from the reaction e Z → e Z A′ and subsequent decays

A
′

→
χ

χ
¯

and A′ → e+e− was studied with the help of an active dump set-up using 100 GeV/c and 150 GeV/c electrons. Recently, an extension of the performed searches was proposed using a 150 GeV/c muon beam, available at the M2 beamline at CERN. These measurements would allow for additional coverage of parameter space towards higher A′ masses and would open the possibility for searches for a new gauge boson Z
μ
that would couple predominantly to the second and third lepton generations. We will present both the analysis of the available NA64 data as well as future plans for searches with muon and electron beams that are proposed within the “Physics Beyond Colliders” framework at CERN, including optimisation of the M2 optics and integration studies for implementing NA64
μ
in the EHN2 experimental area.
The Utilization of GGMplus Data Using Derivative Method and 3D Modeling of Subsurface Structure for Trienggadeng Fault Identification in Pidie Jaya, Aceh Region
Authors: Akhadi M , Harahap D , Subakti H , Wandono  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Pidie Jaya, Aceh earthquake occurred on December 7th, 2016 that caused damage to the northern coastal area. This event was caused by a local fault (Trienggadeng Fault). The existence of this fault is close to settlements so we need the mitigation efforts to reduce the casualties and material loss. One of those efforts is mapping the fault location by using the gravity method that is sensitive to subsurface rock density changes. In this study, we used GGMplus gravity data then processed with derivative analysis (First Horizontal Derivative and Second Vertical Derivative) to determine the location and type of fault. By performing the slices, we found that this fault is oblique with strike-slip dominant tends to reverse fault. The azimuth discovered through fault position traces that the value is 47.5°. Then, we use 3D inversion modeling to obtain a subsurface structure model. The average density is 2.3 g/cm3. The model shows a distribution of limestone and sandstone sedimentary rocks reaches a 4 km depth. The clay sediments follow the river flow. In the southern part, there are andesite and granite igneous rocks. The difference in rock density within 3 km and below indicates the existence of the Trienggadeng Fault.