bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burgers als institutioneel werkers. Een nieuw perspectief op burgerparticipatie in veiligheid
Authors: Bongers Jasper , de Jong Wim 
Published: August 2021

Citizens as institutional workers. A new perspective on citizen participation in security arrangements
In this article we show how the concept of ‘institutional work’ can be used to study citizen participation in the field of security arrangements. Institutional work starts from the perspective of actors trying to influence security institutions, and not from the perspective of government (as concepts like the ‘participation society’ and ‘ladder’ do). As such, this dynamic concept can be a useful addition to the conceptual arsenal of security experts. By applying the concept to the case of the Voluntary Fire Brigade in nineteenth-century Utrecht (1879-1890) we show how institutional work can work in practice. Finally, we reflect on the contribution that institutional work can make to our understanding of citizen participation in the field of safety.
Cancer risk perception and physician communication behaviors on cervical cancer and colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Harper Diane M , Tariq Madiha , Alhawli Asraa , Syed Nadia , Patel Minal , Resnicow Ken 
Published: August 2021

Background:Women 50–65 years of age have the lowest cervical and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates among ages recommended for screening. The primary aim of this work is to determine how cancer risk perceptions and provider communication behaviors, in addition to known demographic factors, influence the uptake of both cervical and CRC screening or a single screen among women in southeast Michigan.Methods:Fourteen health services and communication behavior questions were adapted from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) and administered to a multiethnic sample of adults in southeast Michigan. The outcome variable was self-reported up-to-date cervical cancer and/or CRC screening as defined by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Demographic and cancer risk/communication behavior responses of the four screening populations (both tests, one test, no tests) were analyzed with multinomial regression for all comparisons.Results:Of the 394 respondents, 54% were up to date for both cervical and CRC screening, 21% were up to date with only cervical cancer screening and 12% were up to date for only CRC screening. Of the 14 risk perception and communication behavior questions, only ‘Did your primary care physician (PCP) involve you in the decisions about your health care as much as you wanted?’ was significantly associated with women having both screens compared to only cervical cancer screening (aOR 1.67; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.57). The multivariate model showed age, and Middle East and North African (MENA) ethnicity and Black race, in addition to PCP-patient dyad decision-making to be associated with the cancer screenings women completed.Conclusions:Optimizing PCP-patient decision-making in health care may increase opportunities for both cervical cancer and CRC screening either in the office or by self-sampling. Understanding the effects of age and the different interventional strategies needed for MENA women compared to Black women will inform future intervention trials aimed to increase both cancer screenings.Funding:This work was supported by NIH through the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research UL1TR002240 and by NCI through The University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center P30CA046592-29-S4 grants.
In silico predictions of protein interactions between Zika virus and human host
Authors: Pitta João Luiz de Lemos Padilha , Vasconcelos Crhisllane Rafaele dos Santos , Wallau Gabriel da Luz , Campos Túlio de Lima , Rezende Antonio Mauro 
Published: August 2021

Background
The ZIKA virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family, was first isolated in the 1940s, and remained underreported until its global threat in 2016, where drastic consequences were reported as Guillan-Barre syndrome and microcephaly in newborns. Understanding molecular interactions of ZIKV proteins during the host infection is important to develop treatments and prophylactic measures; however, large-scale experimental approaches normally used to detect protein-protein interaction (PPI) are onerous and labor-intensive. On the other hand, computational methods may overcome these challenges and guide traditional approaches on one or few protein molecules. The prediction of PPIs can be used to study host-parasite interactions at the protein level and reveal key pathways that allow viral infection.

Results
Applying Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms, we performed predictions of PPI between two ZIKV strains and human proteomes. The consensus number of predictions of both algorithms was 17,223 pairs of proteins. Functional enrichment analyses were executed with the predicted networks to access the biological meanings of the protein interactions. Some pathways related to viral infection and neurological development were found for both ZIKV strains in the enrichment analysis, but the JAK-STAT pathway was observed only for strain PE243 when compared with the FSS13025 strain.

Conclusions
The consensus network of PPI predictions made by Random Forest and SVM algorithms allowed an enrichment analysis that corroborates many aspects of ZIKV infection. The enrichment results are mainly related to viral infection, neuronal development, and immune response, and presented differences among the two compared ZIKV strains. Strain PE243 presented more predicted interactions between proteins from the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which could lead to a more inflammatory immune response when compared with the FSS13025 strain. These results show that the methodology employed in this study can potentially reveal new interactions between the ZIKV and human cells.
Identification and Typing of Canine Parvovirus Using Molecular Techniques
Authors: Vasavi Koppu , Kaur Gurpreet , Chandra Mudit , Dwivedi P. N. , Kaur Navjot 
Published: August 2021

Aim: Canine parvovirus 2, the causative agent of acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs, is one of the most important pathogenic viruses. It causes a highly contagious and often fatal disease. The disease condition is complicated further due to emergence of a number of variants namely CPV-2a, CPV-2b, CPV-2c, new CPV 2a, new CPV 2b over the years and involvement of domestic and wild canines. The virus is shed in large numbers in the feces of infected dog and upto 7 to 10 days post-infection, therefore, the present study was designed to detect CPV and to identify the prevailing antigenic types of CPV using molecular techniques from rectal swabs of affected dogs.
Methods: The rectal swabs were collected from dogs suspected of Canine Parvovirus and subjected to PCR, Nested PCR and Realtime PCR for identification and typing of CPV in infected dogs.
Results: From the study it was found that the per cent positivity was high in dogs and was found to be 50% and 89% by PCR and nested polymerase reaction respectively when considered in suspected dogs. The most prevailing antigenic type as detected by Real time PCR was found to be CPV 2a.
Conclusions: The study indicated the animals vaccinated for CPV were also found positive for the disease. This study helps to detect percent positivity of CPV in dogs and also is important to identify the prevailing antigenic types of CPV in the region.
ASPM promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling through antagonizing autophagy‐mediated Dvl2 degradation
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Yang Xiaobei , Zhu Lili , Li Zhihui , Zuo Peipei , Wang Peng , Feng Jingyu , Mi Yang , Zhang Chengjuan , Xu Yan , Jin Ge , Zhang Jianying , Ye Hua 
Published: August 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide. In this article, we show that expression of abnormal spindle‐like microcephaly‐associated protein (ASPM) is up‐regulated in liver cancer samples, and this up‐regulation is significantly associated with tumor aggressiveness and reduced survival times of patients. Down‐regulation of ASPM expression inhibits the proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of HCC cells in vitro and inhibits tumor formation in nude mice. ASPM interacts with disheveled‐2 (Dvl2) and antagonizes autophagy‐mediated Dvl2 degradation by weakening the functional interaction between Dvl2 and the lipidated form of microtubule‐associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A (LC3II), thereby increasing Dvl2 protein abundance and leading to Wnt/β‐catenin signaling activation in HCC cells. Thus, our results define ASPM as a novel oncoprotein in HCC and indicate that disruption of the Wnt–ASPM–Dvl2–β‐catenin signaling axis might have potential clinical value.
Development of Ti3C2Tx/NiSe2 Nanohybrid‐Based Large‐Area Pressure Sensors as a Smart Bed for Unobtrusive Sleep Monitoring
Authors: Adepu Vivek , Kamath Krutarth , Mattela Venkat , Sahatiya Parikshit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSleep is a very important biological activity for humans as insufficient sleep can cause various issues such as depression, memory and attention problems, etc. Even though there are sleep tracking systems, the assessment methods are tiresome, expensive, and time‐consuming. In this context, smart textiles are provoking a growing interest owing to their capability to use them in sleep monitoring and various other applications. Further, in search of materials for E‐textiles, MXene‐based hybrids have emerged as an excellent choice for physical sensors. Herein, Ti3C2Tx/NiSe2 hybrid‐based pressure sensor on the cotton cloth is fabricated to be used as a smart bed for sleep monitoring. The fabricated Ti3C2Tx/NiSe2 hybrid‐based pressure sensor exhibits an enhanced value of sensitivity, i.e., ≈2.41 kPa−1 in comparison to the pristine Ti3C2Tx‐based sensor (≈1.58 kPa−1). The physical pressure sensing mechanism is explained using the concept of Schottky barrier height reduction and decrease in contact resistance between the as‐formed metal–semiconductor junction along with the shrinking of interlayer spacing of the layered NiSe2 and Ti3C2Tx. Finally, the fabricated sensor is used for real‐time sleep monitoring, which monitors the movement of an individual and also the breath rate, which possesses potential application in personal health‐care diagnosis.
Multicomponent Synthesis of Benzothiophen‐2‐acetic Esters by a Palladium Iodide Catalyzed S‐cyclization – Alkoxycarbonylation Sequence
Authors: Mancuso Raffaella , Lettieri Melania , Ziccarelli Ida , Russo Patrizio , Piccionello Antonio Palumbo , Gabriele Bartolo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA catalytic carbonylative approach to the multicomponent synthesis of benzothiophene derivatives from simple building blocks [1‐(2‐(methylthio)phenyl)prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols, carbon monoxide, and an alcohol)] is presented. It is based on an S‐cyclization‐demethylation‐alkoxycarbonylation‐reduction sequence promoted by the PdI2/KI catalytic system, occurring under relatively mild conditions (40 atm, 80 °C, 15 h). Benzothiophene‐2‐acetic esters are obtained in moderate to good yields (35–70%) starting from variously substituted substrates in combination with different alcohols as external nucleophiles (17 examples).magnified image
Iodine‐Promoted Synthesis of Dipyrazolo/Diuracil‐Fused Pyridines and o‐Amino Diheteroaryl ketones via Oxidative Domino Annulation of 2/4‐Methylazaarenes
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Ke , Miao Xiao‐Yu , Jiang Hui‐Ru , Ge Fei , Sun Jia‐Chen , Zhang Rui‐Ying , Ouyang Qin , Fan Wei‐Yu , Zhu Yan‐Ping , Sun Yuan‐Yuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe iodine‐promoted oxidative domino annulation and carbonylation process has been developed for the synthesis of biologically important azaarene‐substituted bis‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b:4′,3′‐e]pyridines (BPPs), diuracilpyridines and o‐amino diheteroaryl ketones. The domino procedure proceeded with easily available methyl azaarenes, 5‐aminouracils and substituted 5‐aminopyrazoles. This protocol is a simple and metal‐free approach which exhibits high functional group compatibility and broad substrates scope. Moreover, this transformation can be applied for the preparation of dipyrazolo/diuracil‐fused pyridines on a gram scale.magnified image
General model for artificial photosynthesis with capsule‐immobilized enzyme
Authors: Sun Guoming , Shi Jiafu , Jia Shengkun , Luo Yiqing , Jiang Zhongyi , Yuan Xigang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, a general model for artificial photosynthesis with capsule‐immobilized enzyme was established based on ordinary differential equations, and a solution sequence was developed to get the analytical solution of the model equations. A coenzymes decomposition mechanism was incorporated into the model to improve the prediction ability for dynamic behavior of the reaction process. Then we showed that, based on the proposed model and the solution method, the rate constants for the kinetics of both the photocatalytic reaction and the enzyme reaction and the mass transfer coefficient across the capsule wall can be obtained effectively by using process experimental data. Finally, based on the analysis using the proposed method, we found that the across‐wall mass transfer coefficient of the capsule may determine the transitional time needed for the process to get into steady state, and the enzyme reaction may limit the enzyme‐photocatalytic reaction processes.
Versatile 3D‐Printed Micro‐Reference Electrodes for Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Schuett Fabian M. , Zeller Sven J. , Eckl Maximilian J. , Matzik Felix M. , Heubach Maren‐Kathrin , Geng Tanja , Hermann Johannes M. , Uhl Matthias , Kibler Ludwig A. , Engstfeld Albert K. , Jacob Timo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile numerous reference electrodes suitable for aqueous electrolytes exist, there is no well‐defined standard for non‐aqueous electrolytes. Furthermore, reference electrodes are often large and do not meet the size requirements for small cells. In this work, we present a simple method for fabricating stable 3D‐printed micro‐reference electrodes. The prints are made from polyvinylidene fluoride, which is chemically inert in strong acids, bases, and commonly used non‐aqueous solvents. We chose six different reference systems based on Ag, Cu, Zn, and Na, including three aqueous and three non‐aqueous systems to demonstrate the versatility of the approach. Subsequently, we conducted cyclic voltammetry experiments and measured the potential difference between the aqueous homemade reference electrodes and a commercial Ag/AgCl‐electrode. For the non‐aqueous reference electrodes, we chose the ferrocene redox couple as an internal standard. From these measurements, we deduced that this new class of micro‐reference electrodes is leak‐tight and shows a stable electrode potential.
Radical‐Bridged Ln4 Metallocene Complexes with Strong Magnetic Coupling and a Large Coercive Field
Authors: Mavragani Niki , Errulat Dylan , Gálico Diogo A. , Kitos Alexandros A. , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Murugesu Muralee 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInducing magnetic coupling between 4f elements is an ongoing challenge. To overcome this formidable difficulty, we incorporate highly delocalized tetrazinyl radicals, which strongly couple with f‐block metallocenes to form discrete tetranuclear complexes. Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of two tetranuclear [(Cp*2Ln)4(tz.)4]⋅3(C6H6) (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; tz=1,2,4,5‐tetrazine; Ln=Dy, Gd) complexes are reported. An in‐depth examination of their magnetic properties through magnetic susceptibility measurements as well as computational studies support a highly sought‐after radical‐induced “giant‐spin” model. Strong exchange interactions between the LnIII ions and tz. radicals lead to a strong magnet‐like behaviour in this molecular magnet with a large coercive field of 30 kOe.
Luminescent Behavior Elucidation of a Disilane‐Bridged D–A–D Triad Composed of Phenothiazine and Thienopyrazine
Authors: Nakae Toyotaka , Nishio Masaki , Usuki Tsukasa , Ikeya Minako , Nishimoto Chika , Ito Suguru , Nishihara Hiroshi , Hattori Mineyuki , Hayashi Shigenobu , Yamada Teppei , Yamanoi Yoshinori 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA σ–π extended aryldisilane, comprising a thienopyrazine group as an acceptor fragment and phenothiazine groups as the donor moiety, has been prepared through the introduction of two Si−Si bridges (compound 1). X‐ray diffraction analysis determined the crystal structure of 1, and experimental and theoretical approaches investigated its optical properties. Solvatochromic studies revealed the dual emission of 1 in all solvents tested. Compound 1 also exhibited fluorescence in the solid state upon excitation with a hand‐held UV lamp, as well as mechanochromic luminescent properties. The packing mode in the crystal structure, variation of phenothiazine conformation, morphological changes between crystalline and amorphous phases are the major factors showing reversible fluorescence under external stimuli. A theoretical conformer study found that 1 exists in distinct conformational groups differing in Gibbs free energy by less than 3 kcal mol−1. The conformer in the crystalline state of 1 can promote the complete separation of the HOMO and LUMO between the phenothiazine donor and the thienopyrazine acceptor, linked by the disilane linker. HOMO–LUMO energy transition in the crystalline state is forbidden due to the lack of frontier orbital overlap. Crystalline state emission showed LUMO → HOMO−1 transition (locally excited (LE) state). In the amorphous state, the partial presence of quasi‐axial conformers allows intramolecular charge‐transfer type emission via energy transfer from dominant quasi‐equatorial conformers. The strategy proposed in this work provides important guidance for developing stimuli‐responsive materials with controlled excited states.
Capillary‐Bound Dense Micelle Brush Supports for Continuous Flow Catalysis
Authors: Lin Geyu , Cai Jiandong , Sun Yan , Cui Yan , Liu Qiuwen , Manners Ian , Qiu Huibin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFlow reactors are appealing alternatives to conventional batch reactors for heterogeneous catalysis. However, it remains a key challenge to firmly immobilize the catalysts in a facile and flexible manner and to simultaneously maintain a high catalytic efficiency and throughput. Herein, we introduce a dense cylindrical micelle brush support in glass capillary flow reactors through a living crystallization‐driven self‐assembly process initiated by pre‐immobilized short micelle seeds. The active hairy corona of these micellar brushes allows the flexible decoration of a diverse array of nanocatalysts, either through a direct capture process or an in situ growth method. The resulting flow reactors reveal excellent catalytic efficiency for a broad range of frequently utilized transformations, including organic reductions, Suzuki couplings, photolytic degradations, and multistep cascade reactions, and the system was both recyclable and durable. Significantly, this approach is readily applicable to long capillaries, which enables the construction of flow reactors with remarkably higher throughput.
Assessment of blue crab Shell (Callinectes sapidus) particles as bio‐based filler to EPDM rubber
Authors: Akbay İsmail Kutlugün , Güngör Ahmet , Özdemir Tonguç 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe use of waste and biodegradable materials as alternative substitutes in different areas is supporting green production in recent years. The utilization of such materials is supporting an economical way, while an environmentally and friendly approach is increased sustainability. In this context, the replacement of carbon black, which is frequently used in the rubber industry but has many drawbacks, with waste and a biodegradable filling material has attracted the attention of researchers over the past decades. In this study, ethylene propylene diene termonomer (EPDM) and EPDM with different blue crab shell (BCS) incorporated into rubber matrix were produced. The effect of carbon black and BCS content within the EPDM matrix on the rheological, mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties were investigated. The rheological analysis revealed that BCS added to the EPDM matrix enhanced the vulcanization parameters. Moreover, the addition of BCS into the EPDM matrix up to 12 phr increased the value of T50 temperature, tensile strength, and crosslinking density of composite material. In conclusion, it was revealed that BCS could be used as an alternative filling material in rubber industry, such biodegradable and bio‐based materials could become an important substitute with the economic and environmental benefits.
Taxonomic and functional macroinvertebrate diversity of high‐altitude ponds in the Macun Cirque, Switzerland
Authors: Hill Matthew J. , Wood Paul J. , Mathers Kate L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Global environmental change is threatening freshwater biodiversity with ecological impacts predicted to be particularly severe in high‐altitude regions. Despite this, an ecological understanding of high‐altitude pond networks remains patchy, with only limited knowledge of the environmental and spatial predictors of taxonomic and functional diversity. Moreover, previous studies of pond ecosystems have focused primarily on taxonomic richness and largely overlooked functional diversity.
This study examined the influence of local environmental and spatial factors on taxonomic and functional α and β diversity (including the turnover and nestedness‐resultant components) of 17 high‐altitude (~2,500 m above sea level) pond macroinvertebrate communities, in the Macun Cirque, Switzerland.
Spatial processes (pond connectivity) were important drivers for taxonomic α diversity, while local environmental variables (pond permanence and surface area) were important determinants of functional α diversity. Species turnover was the most important component of β diversity for taxonomic composition, and functional composition demonstrated a nested spatial pattern.
Variation in taxonomic and functional composition (and the turnover and nestedness components of β diversity) were determined by local environmental variables despite the limited environmental gradients within the pond network. No significant effects of spatial variables on community composition were recorded for either facet of diversity, indicating that compositional variation was determined at a local scale. Water temperature, depth and pond permanence were consistently the most important measured drivers of diversity.
Given the importance of both spatial and environmental variables in structuring taxonomic and functional diversity, landscape‐scale conservation and management activities that aim to improve or protect high‐altitude freshwater biodiversity should focus on maintaining connectivity among ponds and environmental heterogeneity, particularly pond surface area, water depth, and hydroperiod. Understanding the mechanisms driving taxonomic and functional diversity will be critically important for the management and conservation of macroinvertebrate communities in high‐altitude pond networks in the face of climatic warming.