bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving Comfort Assistance System Considering Two Sensors Data
Authors: Karapetkov Stanimir , Uzunov Hristo , Indrie Liliana , Zlatev Zlatin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the present work, a system using data from two sensors located next to the driver and to the mass centre of the bus is proposed. Three degrees of discomfort have been used – comfortable, moderately uncomfortable and very uncomfortable. These levels are set out in the questionnaire. A survey was conducted. Respondents were selected between the ages of 14 and 65 and were divided into three age groups – adults, middle-aged and young. Accelerometer systems with MPU-6500 (TDK InvenSense Corp.) sensors are used. A correlation method (CORR) and sequentially improving estimation methods are used for feature selection, which significantly reduce the number of combinations of features obtained. Selected sensor data is entered into feature vectors. These vectors are reduced by principal component analysis. Predictive models have been created that take into account the age of passengers. The use of data from two sensors and separation of the passengers according their age, leads to an increase in the accuracy of predicting passengers discomfort level (DL) of up to 98%. These results can be used to evaluate and guide the vehicle driver in order to improve his driving style. In addition, the simplified interface does not distract the driver from the road conditions. The results obtained can lead to an improvement in the parameters of the transport process, which covers the interest of the carrier related to the efficient use of vehicles, and hence the reduction of fuel consumption and harmful emissions. However, it should be recommended that, when developing systems to ensure comfort of travel, adjustments should be made to suit the age group of passengers carried on public transport buses.
Three-Dimensional Fuzzy Control of Ultrasonic Cleaning
Authors: Morkun Volodymyr , Kravchenko Olha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Consideration of ultrasonic cleaning as a process with distributed parameters enables reduction of power consumption. This approach is based on establishment of control over the process depending on fixed values of ultrasonic responses in set points. The initial intensity of radiators is determined using a three-dimensional (3D) interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller essentially created for processes with distributed parameters, as well as complex expert evaluation of the input data. The interval membership functions for the input and output data consider the space heterogeneity of ultrasonic cleaning. A rule base is formed, which is 2D and not dependent upon the number of input and output parameters. A model illustrating ultrasonic cleaning with a 3D interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller is designed. Comparative analysis of the output parameters of the proposed model and the traditional method indicates an increase in the energy efficiency by 41.17% due to application of only those ultrasonic radiators that are located next to the contamination.
A semantic analysis of modal DE 得 in pre-modern Chinese
Authors: Meisterernst Barbara 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the lexical semantics of the pre-modal verb 得 dé and its development into a modal auxiliary will be discussed. Two different positions are available for the modal dé, the default preverbal position of modal auxiliary verbs and a post-verbal position. The analysis of the event and the argument structure of the lexical verb dé reveals that the different modal uses of dé originate from its functions as an achievement verb. In this regard, dé clearly differs from the other verbs of possibility in Late Archaic Chinese. The particular syntacto-semantic constraints of dé can account for its development into both a modal auxiliary verb, and for the particular functions it develops in the Modern Sinitic languages as a postverbal modal marker.
Preliminary Studies on Register Function of Chinese Function Words
Authors: Hou Renkui , Huang Chu-Ren , Yang Li , Jiang Minghu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the effectiveness of Chinese function words in register studies based on text mining and attempts to determine their register specific functions based on quantitative methods. Following the hypothesis that function words can be used as features to differentiate different registers, our text clustering experiment demonstrates that different registers in Chinese can in fact be classified in terms of distribution of function words. Our correspondence analysis shows that the correlations between function words and different registers vary, hence some function words have register-specific functions. In addition, the correlation coefficients between function words and various registers can determine the register-specific function of function words. Our quantitative model of register specific function of function words makes an important contribution to our understanding of the correlation between function words and registers.
Kajian Proses Fermentasi Limbah Sayur dan Buah Dari Pasar Tradisional Kintamani
Authors: Wirawan I Wayan Edy , Setiyo Yohanes , Madrini Ida Ayu  Gede Bintang 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni sebagai berikut: (1) mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi antara limbah sayur dan limbah buah untuk dibuat pupuk organik cair, dan (2) mengetahui perlakuan yang terbaik pada proses fermentasi limbah sayur dan buah dari pasar tradisional Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 perlakuan sebagai berikut : perlakuan A0 = sayur 100 %, A1 = sayur 90 % dan buah 10 %, perlakuan A2 = sayur 80 % dan buah 20 %, perlakuan A3 = sayur 70 dan buah 30 %. Campuran sayur dan buah dari setiap perlakuan adalah 10 kg dan dihancurkan dengan blender, hasil pengecilan ukuran kemudian di ditambahkan dengan air 20 liter dan molase masing masing 1 kg . Sayur adalah sawi putih, kobis, sayur hijau,sedangkan buah : Tomat.Parameter yang diamati yaitu : perubahan warna, derajat keasaman (pH) dan Daya hantar listrik (EC), (TDS), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), C-organik dan N-total. Secara umum, kualitas pupuk cair yang dihasilkan dari keempat perlakukan sesuai dengan Standar SNI No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011.
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the effect of a combination of waste vegetables and fruit waste to make liquid organic fertilizer, and (2) find out the best treatment in the fermentation process of vegetable and fruit waste from the traditional market of Kintamani. This study uses 4 treatments as follows: A0 treatment = 100% vegetables, A1 = 90% vegetables and 10% fruit, A2 treatment = 80% vegetables and 20% fruit, A3 treatment = 70 vegetables and 30% fruit. The mixture of vegetables and fruit from each treatment is 10 kg and crushed with a blender, the size reduction results are then added with 20 liters of water and molasses 1 kg each. Vegetables are chicory, cabbage, green vegetables, whole fruit: Tomatoes. The observed parameters are changes in color, degree of acidity (pH) and electrical conductivity (DHL), (TDS), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), C-organic, and N-total. In general, the quality of liquid fertilizer produced from the four treatments is in accordance with SNI Standard No.70 / Permentan / SR.140 / 10/2011
The Differences of T-Regulator Cells, Alanine Aminotransferase Serum and Aspartate Aminotranspherase Between Hepatitis B Chronic Patients with and without Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Derosa Yostila , Zubir Nasrul , Arnelis Raveinal 
Published: September 2021

Background: Hepatitis B is acute or chronic liver inflammation caused by hepatitis B viral and can progress to hepatic chirrosis or liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis B has a high risk for liver fibrosis. Chronic inflammation and liver fibrosis are interrelated processes. This study aimed to determine the differences in T-regulator cells, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) between chronic hepatitis B patients with and without liver fibrosis.Method: This study used a cross-sectional method for patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B in the Inpatient and Outpatient Department of the Internal Medicine Department DR. M. Djamil Padang and other hospitals in Padang city for 6 months. Samples were selected by consecutive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Liver fibrosis is identified by fibroscan. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0.Results: thirty-two patients were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B and 50% had liver fibrosis. The levels of T-regulator cells in chronic hepatitis B patients without liver fibrosis were 2.08% and liver fibrosis 2.25%, but this difference was not statistically significant (p 0.05). Mean ALT levels in the group without fibrosis were 19 IU/L (7IU/L-71IU/L) and liver fibrosis 61 IU / L (13IU/L-625IU/L). The mean AST level in the group without fibrosis were 15.5 IU/L (10IU/L-32IU/L) and liver fibrosis 35.5 IU/L (10IU/L-476IU/L). The difference between ALT and AST in the two groups was significant (p 0.05). Hepatitis B patients with liver fibrosis had higher ALT and AST levels than without fibrosis.Conclusion: There were differences levels of T-regulator cells in the two groups, but it was not statistically significant. ALT and AST levels were higher in the liver fibrosis group and statistically significant.
KEJADIAN SICK BUILDING SYNDROME DI INDONESIA : KAJIAN PUSTAKA
Authors: Alwi Hidayati , Setyaningsih Yuliani , Wahyuni Ida 
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang:
Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) adalah gangguan kesehatan dalam bentuk gejala yang diikuti oleh ketidaknyamanan dengan lingkungan dan keluhan bau karena kondisi lingkungan yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan dan ada pencemaran di dalam ruangan, bisa dalam bentuk jamur, mikroba, dan bahan kimia. Kualitas udara yang buruk dapat berdampak negatif pada pekerja atau karyawan dalam bentuk keluhan masalah kesehatan.
Tujuan :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kejadian Sick Building Syndrome di Indonesia.
Metode Penelitian:
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur. Literatur dilakukan secara online melalui beberapa situs web atau situs internet terpercaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 15 artikel yang terdiri dari 9 artikel nasional dan 6 artikel internasional. Artikel dianalisis secara bivariat dan diproses melalui tahapan dalam bentuk pengeditan, pengorganisasian, analisis dan penjabaran.
Hasil :
Hasil studi dari 15 artikel, menunjukkan ada hubungan antara faktor fisik (suhu, kelembaban, aliran udara, pencahayaan, kebisingan dan ventilasi). kualitas), faktor kimia (CO2 dan CO), faktor biologis (kuman) faktor stres kerja (beban kerja dan tekanan kerja), dan faktor individu (usia, masa kerja, jenis kelamin dan kebiasaan merokok) dan tidak menemukan korelasi antara faktor fisik (debu ) dan faktor biologis (jamur) dengan terjadinya Sick Building Syndrome.
Kesimpulan:
kejadian Sick Building Syndrome di Indonesia masih banyak ditemukan terutama pada gedung tempat karyawan bekerja.
Hubungan Faktor Predispossing Enabling and Reinforcing dengan Praktik Safety Riding pada Kurir Ekspedisi Kota Semarang
Authors: Yulianti Diana , Kurniawan Bina , Ekawati  
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang:
Kurir pengantar surat dan barang perusahaan ekspedisi berisiko mengalami kecelakaan lalu lintas selama perjalanan menuju lokasi pelanggan. Dengan semakin tingginya permintaan pelanggan akan berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnya risiko kecelakaan lalu lintas. Oleh karena itu kurir perlu menerapkan perilaku safety riding. Berdasarkan teori lawrence green perilaku dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor yaitu faktor predispossing, enabling dan reinforcing.
Tujuan :
Menganalisis hubungan faktor predisposing, reinforcing and enabling dengan praktik safety riding pada kurir perusahaan ekspedisi kota Semarang.
Metode Penelitian:
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 121 kurir sepeda motor dengan jumlah sampel 36 kurir dengan menggunakan teknik incidental sampling. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi square.
Hasil :
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan responden dengan praktik safety riding kategori aman sebesar 52,8%, responden dengan masa kerja lama sebesar 83,3%, responden dengan tingkat pendidikan SMA/SMK sebesar 72,2%, responden dengan pengetahuan baik sebesar 55,6%, responden dengan sikap positif sebesar 55,6%, responden yang pernah mendapat pelatihan safety riding sebesar 52,8%, responden dengan kondisi kendaraa sesuai standar sebesar 50%, responden yang mendapat pengaruh dari atasan sebesar 58,3% dan yang mendapat pengaruh dari rekan kerja sebesar 61,1%.
Kesimpulan:
Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebesar 47,2% responden belum menerapkan safety riding dan sebesar 52,8% responden telah menerapkan safety riding. Berdasarkan hasil uji Chi Square, terdapat beberapa variabel yang berhubungan dengan praktik safety riding yaitu pengetahuan (p-value : 0,021), sikap (p-value : 0,003), pelatihan (p-value :0,047), peran atasan (p-value :0,048), peran rekan kerja (p-value : 0,020) dan kondisi kendaraan (p-value : 0,019).
Paparan Bising sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Hipertensi: Systematic Review
Authors: Devi Nurfayanti  , Wahyuningsih Nur Endah , Suhartono  
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang: Hipertensi memiliki prevalensi yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. World Health Organization (WHO) menyatakan bahwa ada kurang lebih 1,13 miliar orang di dunia mengalami hipertensi. Salah satu faktor timbulnya hipertensi adalah pajanan bising yang berlebihan di lingkungan kerja. Namun, bagaimana pengaruh bising terhadap kejadian hipertensi masih belum terlalu jelas.
Tujuan: Mendiskusikan paparan bising sebagai faktor risiko dalam menimbulkan kejadian hipertensi pada pekerja.
Metode Penelitian: Systematic Review dengan pencarian artikel melalui Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, dan ProQuest yang diterbitkan dalam jangka waktu 2011-2020.
Hasil: Ada 15 artikel yang terkait dengan hipertensi dan kebisingan. Empat artikel melaporkan tekanan darah mengalami kenaikan setelah terpapar bising dan empat artikel lain melaporkan perbedaan tekanan darah kelompok terpapar dan tidak terpapar bising. Empat artikel menunjukkan paparan bising sebagai faktor risiko hipertensi dan tujuh artikel melaporkan dampak bising terhadap prevalensi hipertensi.
Kesimpulan: Paparan bising di lingkungan tempat kerja terbukti meningkatkan risiko hipertensi 2-7 kali lebih besar dan prevalensi hipertensi >17% pada bising ≥85 dBA.
Kata kunci: paparan bising; hipertensi; lingkungan tempat kerja; systematic review
Peroxisomal acyl CoA oxidase deficiency: a rare inherited disorder of nervous system
Authors: Lakshmi Naga Deepika Madireddy , Bhuwalka Rashmi , Sunitha Tella , Nallari Pratibha , Ananthapur Venkateshwari 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Peroxisomal acyl CoA oxidase deficiency is a very rare neurodegenerative disorder characterised by postnatal hypotonia, seizures, and neurological regression in early infancy.

Case Presentation:
Here, we present a case of two children in a family affected with peroxisomal acyl CoA oxidase deficiency. Early onset of hypotonia, seizures, and psychomotor delay was observed in both the sibs. Plasma levels of very long chain fatty acids showed normal levels of phytanic acid, pristanic acid, C22, C24, C26, C26/C22, and C24/C22 ratios. Here, we describe a case where women in her second trimester and with two affected siblings with peroxisomal acyl CoA oxidase deficiency was referred to institute for genetic counselling.

Conclusion:
Clinical exome analysis of the couple, two affected sibs and the fetus adds new insight into the clinical, neuroradiological, and molecular aspects of this disorder that represents one of the rarer inherited defects of peroxisomal function.
Correlation of magnesium and calcium in the management of cardiac arrhythmia: Perspectives for better outcome
Authors: Patel Usha Harshadkumar , Jagrit Nanda N. , Madole Mahesh B. , Panchal Shubham Sanjay 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
To find correlation between serum Mg, serum Ca, and cardiac arrhythmia.

Materials and Methods:
The present case–control analytical study includes records of 100 participants; 50 patients (both male and female average age: 47 ± 12 years, mean ± SD) admitted during the period of March 2019–March 2020 into the Coronary Care Unit of LG Hospital, AMCMET Medical College who were clinically diagnosed as arrhythmia and 50 subjects for control group from OPD patients coming to the same institution for health check-up. Mg was estimated with xylitol blue colorimetric end-point method and Ca was estimated by NM-BAPTA Method by Roche Cobas c311 instrument.

Results:
In 50 cases, mean Mg value was 1.454 mg/dl and SD 0.2566 while in control group, mean value was 2.2 mg/dl and SD is 0.3110 with 95% confidence interval of 1.381–1.527 and 2.199–2.375 for cases and controls group, respectively, which was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). In 50 cases, mean Ca value was 8.6426 mg/dl and SD 1.3 mg/dl while in control group, mean value was 9.5 mg/dl and SD 0.47 with 95% confidence interval of 8.268–9.018 and 9.377–9.643 for cases and controls, respectively, which was statistically significant (p < 0.0028) and shows correlation between serum Ca and serum Mg which are low in cardiac arrhythmias. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of Ca: Mg (3.36) ratio showed optimum cutoff in diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia.

Conclusion:
We concluded that serum Mg and Ca along with Ca/Mg ratio should be considered as an important parameter for investigation of cardiac disorders, especially for patients of cardiac arrhythmia.
The prevalence of text neck syndrome and its association with smartphone use among medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsiwed Kholoud T. , Alsarwani Rakan M. , Alshaikh Samar A. , Howaidi Reema A. , Aljahdali Alhanouf J. , Bassi Mahdi M. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
Text neck syndrome was first described by Fishman D. It refers to neck pain caused by repetitive stress injury resulting from prolonged neck flexion among smartphone users. The association of neck disability with various behaviors during the use of smartphones is still unclear in the literature. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the frequency of such factors and evaluate whether they contribute to text neck.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at six medical colleges in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from July 2020 to January 2021. An electronic, self-administered questionnaire was distributed to medical students online. In addition, participants were asked to complete the smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV) and the neck disability index (NDI).

Results:
A total of 428 medical students participated, of which 304 (71.02%) were female, while 124 (28.97%) were male. The mean age was 22.11 ± 2.07 years. The prevalence of text neck syndrome was 68.1%. Among the participants, 49.5% had mild, 16.1% had moderate, and 2.6% had severe neck disabilities. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a moderate positive correlation between SAS-SV and the NDI (rs = 0.328, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The current study found that most medical students had a neck disability, and there was a significant association between text neck syndrome and smartphone use. In addition, a lack of appropriate neck positioning and prolonged use of smartphones were found in most students. Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on raising awareness of the necessity of maintaining appropriate sitting posture and limiting the duration of mobile phone use.
Triangular plasty of left atrium in correction of mitral failure
Authors: Popov V. V. , Bolshak A. A. , Boukarim V. Zh. 
Published: September 2021

Objective. Studying of possibilities of procedure of the left atrium triangular plasty while doing correction of mitral failure, coexisted with left atriomegaly.
Materials and methods. There were analyzed results of surgical treatment of 330 patients, suffering mitral failure in combination with left atriomegaly, who were operated in Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery in period from 1 Jan 2005 to 1 Jan 2021 yr. The main group have consisted of 143 patients, to whom correction of mitral failure together with original procedure of triangular plasty of left atrium was performed. The control group have consisted of 187 patients, to whom correction of mitral failure was done only, although they suffered concurrent left atriomegaly.
Results. Of 143 patients operated in the main group 3 died (lethality have constituted 2.1%). Dynamics of echocardiographic indices on the treatment stages was following: definitely-systolic index of left ventricle – (69.1 ± 12.1) ml/m2 before the operation, (59.3 ± 8.5) ml/m2 postoperatively, (48.4 ± 9.5) ml/m2 in late period; the left ventricle ejection fraction – 0.51 ± 0.05 preoperatively, 0.54 ± 0.05 postoperatively 0.56 ± 0.04 in late period. The left atrium diameter dynamics was following: (65.8 ± 4.1) mm preoperatively, (52.3 ± 2.1) mm postoperatively, and (53.5 ± 2.2) mm in late period. Of 187 оperated patients of control group 6 have died, (lethality have constituted 3.2%). Dynamics of echocardiographic indices on the treatment stages was following: definitely-systolic index of left ventricle – (68.3 ± 11.3) ml/m2 before the operation, (60.4 ± 9.3) ml/m2 postoperatively, (52.7 ± 7.2) ml/m2 in late period; the left ventricle ejection fraction – 0.52 ± 0.05 preoperatively, 0.53 ± 0.05 postoperatively, 0.5 ± 0.04 in late period. Diameter of left atrium: (66.5 ± 3.7) mm preoperatively, (63.5 ± 2.3) mm postoperatively, (71.5 ± 2.4) mm in late period.
Conclusion. Triangular plasty of left atrium is a low-traumatic and effective procedure, leading to significant improvement in its morphometry and accompanied by low risk of hospital lethality.
Changes of hematological indices in patients with diffuse toxic goiter
Authors: Saidova F. H. , Ahmedova L. M. , Aslanova Zh. B. , Najafov N. A. 
Published: September 2021

Objective. To reveal the incidence of various morphological types and degrees of the anemia severity in patients with diffuse toxic goiter.
Materials and methods. Data of medical histories of 157 patients, operated for diffuse toxic goiter in 2012 yr were analyzed. In accordance to hematological indices estimated there were outlined two Groups of patients: Group I – 98 patients with diffuse toxic goiter and mild anemia, average age (39.4 ± 1.4) yrs old, 57 (58.2%) women and 41 (41.8%) men, and Group II – 59 patients with diffuse toxic goiter and middle degree of the anemia severity, average age (41.1 ± 1.7) yrs old, 48 (81.4%) women and 11 (18.6%) men. Levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, quantity and average volume of erythrocytes, average content of hemoglobin in one erythrocyte, average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes were determined in the blood analysis.
Results. Microcytic type of anemia was noted in 89.8% of patients with anemia of middle degree of severity, while a normocytic one – in 10.2%; in mild anemia – in 87.8 and 12.2% patients, accordingly. Hypochromic and normochromic types of anemia with equal rate were revealed in mild anemia and anemia of middle degree of severity: hypochromic – in 94.9%, normochromic – in 5.1% patients.
Conclusion. Diffuse toxic goiter is characterized by more frequent development of mild (62.4%), microcytic (88.5%), hyperchromic (94.9%) anemia, caused by iron deficiency.
Política do Vaticano 1978-1990
Authors: Della Cava Ralph 
Published: September 2021

No momento talvez seja tão prematuro quanto especulativo falar de uma “derrota” da Teologia da Libertação e de seus expoentes e inumeráveis praticantes no Brasil. Mas já é tempo de admitir que uma estratégia, com o propósito mínimo de frustrar esta leitura altamente original da fé e da sociedade, esteve em ação por mais de uma década. Seus autores, além disso, não serão encontrados entre os inimigos históricos ou recentes do catolicismo e sim entre os que atualmente fazem a política tanto dentro dos muros da cidade do Vaticano como nas chancelarias por todo o mundo...