bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Booklet Types of Macroscopic Fungi Riverbanks Nature Tourism Kembang River for Senior High School
Authors: Krismadana Difa Pertiwi , Amintarti Sri , Ajizah Aulia 
Published: March 2021

Media in biology learning is one of the means so that students understand the concept of biology in a broad sense. This encourages researchers to develop learning media in the form of macroscopic fungi booklets. This study aims to describe the characteristics and identify the types of macroscopic fungi found on the banks of the Kembang River natural tourism river and to describe the results of the validity of the macroscopic fungi booklet on the banks of the Kembang River natural tourism river as a learning medium for high school students. This research uses the descriptive method and 4D development method. The results showed that the characteristics of macroscopic fungi can be seen from the shape of the hood, the surface of the hood, its hymenophores, the shape of the stem, color, presence or absence of annulus and odor, and the type of substrate where the fungus grows. Macroscopic fungi found on the banks of the Sungai Kembang Nature Tourism river are divided by taxon level into 2 divisions, 3 classes, 4 orders, 6 familia, 8 genera, and 17 species. Utilization of research results on types of macroscopic fungi on the banks of the Kembang River natural tourism river is then presented in the form of a booklet (learning media) which gets an average expert validity of 82.10% with very valid criteria and suitable for use as a learning medium.Abstrak Media dalam pembelajaran Biologi merupakan salah satu sarana agar peserta didik memahami konsep pada Biologi secara luas. Hal tersebut mendorong peneliti untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berupa booklet materi jamur makroskopis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik dan mengidentikasi jenis jamur makroskopis yang ditemukan di bantaran sungai wisata alam Sungai Kembang serta mendeskripsikan hasil validitas Booklet jamur makroskopis di bantaran sungai wisata alam Sungai Kembang sebagai media pembelajaran siswa SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan metode pengembangan model 4D. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik jamur makroskopis dapat dilihat dari bentuk tudung, permukaan tudung, hymenophorenya, bentuk batang, warna, ada tidaknya annulus dan bau, serta jenis substrat tempat tumbuhnya jamur. Jamur makroskopis yang ditemukan di bantaran sungai Wisata Alam Sungai Kembang yang terbagi berdasarkan tingkatan taksonnya menjadi 2 divisio, 3 kelas, 4 Ordo, 6 Familia, 8 genus, dan 17 species. Pemanfaatan hasil penelitian jenis-jenis jamur makroskopis di bantaran sungai wisata alam Sungai Kembang kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk booklet (media pembelajaran) yang mendapat hasil rata-rata validitas ahli 82,10% dengan kriteria sangat valid dan layak digunakan sebagai salah satu media belajar.
The Validity of Biology Module for Senior High School on Grade X in Even Semester Based on Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Husna Nor Aqidatul , Zaini Muhammad , Winarti Atiek 
Published: March 2021

Biology learning in schools still experiences several problems. The learning process carried out has not optimally fulfilled the demands of the Education Curriculum, including in helping students to have critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills can be optimized by developing learning modules. This study aims to obtain a valid biology module based on critical thinking skills for SMA/MA students. The module development method uses Tessmer's research and development design model that focuses on formative evaluation. The module developed refers to six kinds of critical thinking skills according to Facione, including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. Data obtained from the validity test by three validators. The percentage of expert validation data was then categorized. Data analysis used the descriptive technique. The biology learning module based on critical thinking skills that were developed as a whole obtained very valid criteria.Abstrak Pembelajaran Biologi di sekolah masih mengalami beberapa permasalahan. Proses pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan belum secara optimal memenuhi tuntutan Kurikulum Pendidikan, diantaranya dalam membantu peserta didik untuk memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis. Keterampilan berpikir kritis dapat dioptimalkan dengan mengembangkan modul pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan modul biologi yang berbasis keterampilan berpikir kritis pada peserta didik SMA/MA yang valid. Metode pengembangan modul menggunakan model desain penelitian pengembangan dari Tessmer yang fokus pada evaluasi formatif. Modul yang dikembangkan mengacu pada enam macam keterampilan berpikir kritis menurut Facione, meliputi interpretasi, analisis, evaluasi, inferensi, eksplanasi dan regulasi diri. Data diperoleh dari uji validitas oleh tiga validator. Persentase data validasi ahli kemudian dikategorisasi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kategorisasi. Modul pembelajaran biologi berbasis keterampilan berpikir kritis yang dikembangkan secara keseluruhan memperoleh kriteria sangat valid.
STUDI PEMANFAATAN CAMPURAN BOTTOM ASH BATUBARA DENGAN SERBUK KAYU DAN ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA SEBAGAI BIOBRIKET DITINJAU DARI PARAMETER KUALITAS
Authors: Triantoro Agus , Mustofa Adip , Saputri Aggraini Wahyu 
Published: March 2021

Sisa hasil pemanfaatan batubara sebagai bahan bakar pada PLTU menghasilkan limbah fly ash dan bottom ash dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak dan belum ada pemanfaatan dari limbah PLTU, jadi dikawatirkan dapat menimbulkan dampak yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan sekitar. Limbah yang banyak dimanfaatkan saat ini adalah fly ash, sedangkan untuk bottom ash masih minim pemanfaatannya. Biobriket campuran bottom ash batubara dan arang tempurung kelapa bisa menjadi alternatif bahan bakar baik digunakan untuk rumah tangga maupun industry kecil. Keunggulan yang dimiliki biobriket ini adalah murah dan ekonomis karena dapat untuk memproduksinya dapat dilakukan dengan sederhana dan mudah, panas yang dihasilkan nantinya juga cukup tinggi, serta bottom ash batubara yang tersedia cukup melimpah yang berasal dari beberapa PLTU yang ada di Kalimantan Selatan. Arang tempurung kelapa berasal dari hasil dari pengolahan tempurung kelapa yang di proses menjadi arang dan potensi tempurung kelapa di Kalimantan Selatan cukup banyak. Serbuk kayu merupakan sisa olahan dari kayu yang dibuat bahan bangunan atau mebel. Beberapa hal yang menjadi permasalahan dalam pemanfaatan biobriket bottom ash adalah adanya bau yang kurang enak saat pembakaran, proses penyalaan yang lama serta ketahanan briket yang masih kurang sehingga mudah pecah. Kegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil kualitas biobriket terbaik yang berasal dari bottom ash yang dicampur bersama serbuk kayu dan arang tempurung kelapa, yang didasarkan pada ukuran partikel serta komposisi biobriket. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan melakukan uji analisa yang dilakukan di laboratorium. Parameter kualitas uji yang digunakan yaitu kandungan moisture, kandungan volatile matter, kandungan ash, calorific value, uji pembakaran dengan yang dilihat dari komposisi biobriket dan variasi ukuran partikel. Berdasarkan hasil analisa yang dilakukan biobriket terbaik terdapat pada ukuran partikel 80 mesh dengan kandungan bottom ash 40%, arang tempurung kelapa 20%, serbuk kayu 20% perekat 15% serta persentase kapur 5% dengan hasil analisa parameter kualitas untuk kandungan inherent moisturenya adalah 5,77%, kandungan Ash 10,74%, Volatile Matter 42,77%, Kalori 6.624,56 Kkal/kg serta waktu pembakaran yang dibutuhkan adalah 247 detik Kata kunci : Bottom ash, Biobriket, arang, Serbuk kayu
KAJIAN AMBANG BATAS GETARAN PELEDAKAN DI AREAL DESA SEKITAR TAMBANG BATUBARA DENGAN METODE SCALE DISTANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Santoso Eko , Melati Sari , Ramadhan Muhammad Fiqri 
Published: March 2021

Getaran tanah merupakan bagian dari output operasi peledakan pada lingkungan. Ketika getaran tanah berada pada level yang tinggi, dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada manusia, ketidaknyamanan dan bahkan menyebabkan pada struktur bangunan di sekitarnya. Mengingat dekatnya jarak dari lokasi peledakan ke daerah pemukiman warga (zona crissis) yang berjarak sekitar ±1000 m. Berdasarkan kondisi lapangan yang terjadi pada bulan Agustus 2019 - Desember 2019 dimana tercatat ground vibration terbesar 3,06 mm/s. Kepmen LH No. 49 Tahun 1996 dan SNI 7571:2010 tentang Baku Tingkat Getaran Kejut menyebutkan batasan kecepatan getaran terhadap lingkungan sekitar yang berpengaruh terhadap keutuhan bangunan. Rekomendasi tersebut sebagai acuan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi nilai getaran tanah yang dihasilkan kegiatan peledakan tambang terbuka. Penulis melakukan evaluasi dari data hasil pengukuran ground vibration aktual berdasarkan pendekatan Teori Peak Particle Velocity yang dihubungkan dengan regresi power untuk memperoleh rumusan prediksi ground vibration, yang kedepannya bisa dijadikan acuan untuk menetukan jumlah isian bahan peledak agar ground vibration yang terjadi tidak melebihi batas aman. Hasil prediksi rumusan ground vibration pada jarak 900 m sampai 1500 m yang diperoleh nilai Peak Particle Velocity ≤ 1,5 mm/s menurut U.S Bureau Of Mines dengan isian bahan peledak maksimum 244,14 kg dimana nilai k = 698.54 dan β = -1.47, menurut Ambraseys-Hendorn dimana nilai k = 5787.19 dan β = -1.609 denagn isian bahan peledak maskimum 207,17 kg , sedangkan menurut Langefors Kihlstrom nilai k dan β yang dieproleh 101.46 dan 1.75 dengan isian bahan peledak maksimum 221.28 kg. Rumusan prediksi ini cukup baik dan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan prediksi getaran tanah agar dampak dari kegiatan peledakan terhadap lingkungan sekitar aman. Kata Kunci: Peledakan, Getaran Tanah, Peak Particle Velocity, Regresi Power
Physiotherapeutic performance in improving quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia: an integrative literature review
Authors: Nobre Kayo Matos Félix , Oliveira Carolaine Araujo , Pereyra Beatriz Benny Sungaila 
Published: March 2021

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a painful syndrome characterized by generalized chronic pain, fatigue, morning stiffness, headache, and sleep disorders. Comorbidities such as anxiety and depression are also associated. This syndrome has etiology and pathogenesis not fully clarified, and the basis of its pathophysiology is an increase in the transmission of painful stimulus, thus altering the perception of pain. Physiotherapy acts in this syndrome, mainly aiming at improving symptoms and quality of life. The main objective of this study is to present the possibilities of therapeutic treatment to improve quality of life in fibromyalgia patients. The work consists of an integrative literature review, carried out between September and December 2020. A search was carried out in the electronic databases PEDro, BVS and PubMed, using the descriptors: physiotherapy and fibromyalgia. 10 articles from 2015 to 2020 were selected. As results, the benefits of hydrotherapy, electrothermophototherapy, aerobic exercises, manual therapy, acupuncture, Kinesio taping, balneotherapy, stretching and strength training were obtained. These generated effects such as: pain reduction, anxiety and depression. In addition to decreased fatigue, improvement in sleep, muscle strength, balance and flexibility. This led to physical and mental well-being, as well as improvement in quality of life. Therefore, it can be considered that this research has scientific relevance, since it provides significant contributions on the physiotherapeutic performance in the treatment of patients diagnosed with Fibromyalgia. Thus, this study may contribute to future research on the theme presented.
Keywords: Fibromyalgia. Physical therapy. Pain. Quality of life.
Minat Siswa Kelas V Pada Ekstrakurikuler Renang di SD Negeri 216 Palembang
Authors: Sari Yeni Indah Kartika , Imansyah Farizal 
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar minat siswa kelas V pada ekstrakurikuler renang di SD Negeri 216 Kota Palembang. Metode penelitian ini yaitu survei. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan angket. Sampel penelitian yaitu siswa kelas V yang mengikuti ekstrakurikuler renang yang berjumlah 26 orang. Teknik analisis data ini dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan persentase teknik dengan analisis masalah secara langsung dan dapat melihat keadaan sedang berlangsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan persentase yang tinggi yaitu faktor minat internal sebesar 79,80%, minat eksternal 80,40%. Dilihat dari persentasenya setiap faktor-faktor minat memiliki sumbangan yang cukup tinggi dalam mempengaruhi minat mengikuti ekstrakurikuler renang siswa kelas V di SD Negeri 216 Palembang.
PENGARUH ASAM NITRAT TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI BAJA TAHAN KARAT AUSTENITIK 304 UNTUK KEPERLUAN KONSTRUKSI
Authors: Aritonang M.O.S , Fahri Iqbal 
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui laju korosi austenitik tipe stainless steel 304 attack nitric acid 65% dengan austenitic stainless steel tipe 304 serang nitric acid 85% untuk kepentingan konstruksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Bahan Kimia Departemen Perindustrian DKI Jakarta. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan dua jenis perlakuan. Yaitu; kelompok pertama adalah austenitic stainless steel tipe 304 serangan asam nitrat 65% dan kelompok kedua adalah stainless steel tipe austenitic 304 menyerang asam nitrat 85%. Jumlah semua instrumen yang diuji adalah 10 buah dari dua jenis perawatan. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh korosi terhadap sifat mekanik austenitic stainless steel tipe 304 khususnya kekuatan tarik, dilakukan pengujian kekuatan terhadap dua grup austenitic stanless steel type 304 attack nitric acid. Jadilah sisi, dilaksanakan juga pengujian kekuatan terhadap satu kelompok austenitic stainless steel tipe 304 sebagai kelompok kontrol. Berdasarkan penelitian, temuan menunjukkan bahwa austenitic stainless steel tipe 304 menyerang asam nitrat 65% memiliki laju korosi 3,751 mm / tahun pada rata-rata dan austenitic stainless steel tipe 304 serangan asam nitrat 85% memiliki laju korosi 6,404 mm / tahun pada rata-rata . Data dari penelitian diuji dengan uji rata - rata dua ekor (uji - t), uji satu ekor, ekor kiri dengan alfa = 0,01, dan dari analisis dapat diperoleh thitung = - 11,53, nilainya adalah lebih kecil dari tTable = -2,90 yang H0 di area penolakan. Kualitas austenitik dari baja tahan karat tipe 304 terhadap serangan korosi, diikuti juga oleh kekuatan tarik tarik austenitic stainless steel tipe 304. Sebelum korosi austenitic stainless steel memiliki kekuatan tarik 60.107 kgf / mm2. Setelah korosi dengan asam nitrat 65% kekuatan tarik austenitic stainless steel tipe 304 menjadi 57,329 kgf / mm2. Demikian lagi, setelah korosi dengan asam nitrat daya tarik 85% baja tahan austenitik tipe 304 menjadi 55.349 kgf / mm2.
Non-enzymatic methane formation by aerobic organisms
Authors: Ernst Leonard , Steinfeld Benedikt , Klintzsch Thomas , Grimm Dirk , Bischofs Ilka , Keppler Frank 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Methane (CH4) is the most abundant organic compound in the atmosphere, largely originating from anthropogenic and natural biogenic sources1. Traditionally, biogenic CH4 has been regarded as the final product of the anoxic decomposition of organic matter by methanogenic Archaea. However, plants2–4, fungi5, algae6,7 and cyanobacteria8 have recently been shown to produce CH4 in the presence of oxygen. While methanogens produce CH4 enzymatically during anaerobic energy metabolism9, the requirements and pathways for CH4 production by “non-methanogenic” cells are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that CH4 formation by Bacillus subtilis is triggered by free iron species, enhanced by oxidative stress and restricted to metabolically active life-cycle stages. We also show that other model organisms from Bacteria and Eukarya including a human cell line release CH4 and respond to inducers of oxidative stress by enhanced CH4 formation. Our results imply that all living cells possess a common mechanism of CH4 formation without the need for specific enzymes. We propose that CH4 formation is a conserved feature of living systems which is coupled to metabolic activity and the concomitant generation of reactive oxygen species. Our findings open new perspectives for our understanding of environmental CH4 cycling, oxidative stress responses and the search for extraterrestrial life.
What’s the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services from urban to rural area
Authors: Wu Jiansheng , He Haishan , Feng Zhao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ecosystem services (ESs) are closely bound up with human welfare. To propose regional exploitive tactics for the harmonious relationship between urbanization and ecological environment, it is essential to sort out the relationship between urbanization and ESs, and to untangle the urban-rural differences of the ecological environment effects. Regarding Beijing as an example, this study firstly explored the spatiotemporal characteristics of the ESs and the urbanization. Secondly, this study applied the latest methods based on nighttime light and K-means algorithm to identify the urban area, urban-rural fringe and rural area in Beijing. Then we explored the spatiotemporal interaction characteristics of urbanization on ESs through decoupling analysis. Finally, the correlation analysis and curve fitting were used to quantify the correlation between urbanization and ESs in urban scale and regional scale. The main conclusions included: (1) ESs declined with the increase of urbanization; (2) In cities or regions, coordinated development was the main trend of ESs and urbanization; (3) The relationship between changes in ESs and changes in urbanization has regional differences.
Brain-wide projection reconstruction of single functionally defined neurons
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Wang Meng , Liu Ke , Li Jialin , Pan Junxia , Zhang Yongsheng , Li Longhui , Guo Wenyan , Xin Qianqian , Zhao Zhikai , Liu Yurong , Zhou Zhenqiao , Zheng Ting , Han Yunyun , Zhang Chunqing , Liao Xiang , Zeng Shaoqun , Jia Hongbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reconstructing axonal projections of single neurons at whole-brain level is a currently converging goal of the neuroscience community, which is fundamental to understanding the logic of information flow in the brain. Thousands of single neurons from different brain regions recently have been morphologically reconstructed, but the corresponding physiological functions of these reconstructed neurons are lacking. By combining two-photon Ca2+ imaging with targeted single-cell plasmid electroporation, we reconstructed the brain-wide morphologies of single neurons that were defined by a sound-evoked response map in the auditory cortex of awake mice. Long-range interhemispheric projections can be reliably labelled with co-injection of adeno-associated virus. This method avoids the randomness and ambiguity of conventional methods of neuronal morphological reconstruction, offering an avenue for developing a precise one-to-one map of neuronal projection and physiological function. Our method can be readily implemented in many laboratories that have been equipped with a standard two-photon microscope and electrophysiological devices.
Preparation and characterization of self-cleaning cotton fabric loaded with self-dispersive and reactive biphasic TiO2
Authors: Wang Kuang , Chen Jiayi , Tian Jialong , Gao Dawei , Song Xiaolei , Ren Yu , Qi Zhenming , Wang Chunxia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, amino functionalized TiO2 (TiO2/KH550) was obtained in a mild reaction between 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and TiO2 with the aid of concentrated ammonia solution. 4-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl) amino) sodium benzenesulfonate (SAT) was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Self-dispersive and reactive TiO2 (TiO2/KH550/SAT) was prepared by nucleophile substitution reaction between TiO2/KH550 and SAT. Finally, cotton fabrics loaded with different amounts of TiO2/KH550/SAT were achieved by pad-dry-cure method. The chemical structure, dispersion and thermal performance of TiO2, TiO2/KH550 and TiO2/KH550/SAT were investigated by FT-IR, zeta potential and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The crystalline phase, morphology, chemical composition and optical absorption property of cotton fabrics were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). Moreover, the anti-ultraviolet, self-cleaning and washing fastness properties of cotton fabrics were investigated. It has been found that TiO2/KH550/SAT demonstrated excellent dispersion stability in aqueous even after standing for a month. Cotton fabrics loaded with TiO2/KH550/SAT possessed adorable anti-ultraviolet performance, highly efficient and durable self-cleaning activity as well as appreciable washing fastness property. The mechanism and possible reactions for the preparation of self-cleaning cotton fabrics loaded with TiO2/KH550/SAT were proposed.
Intercropping-induced shifts in root microbiota promote lead phytoremediation properties of Sonchus Asper
Authors: Mei Xinyue , Wang Ying , Li Zuran , Larousse Marie , Pere Arthur , Rocha Martine Da , Zhan Fangdong , He Yongmei , Pu Linlong , Panabieres Franck , Zu Yanqun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Intercropping or assistant-endophytes has been proven to promote phytoremediation capacities of hyperaccumulators and to enhance their tolerance to heavy metals (HM) stress. We initially showed that intercropping with maize improved the remediating properties of the hyperaccumulator Sonchus asper (L.) Hill grown in HM contaminated soils, accompanied by an excluder - to- hyperaccumulator switched mode of action towards lead. To characterize molecular events underlying this shift in lead extraction strategy, we conducted an RNA-Seq analysis on Sonchus roots grown in intercropping or monoculture. We show that intercropping only slightly affects the S. asper transcriptome, but dramatically impacts the expression of root associated microbial genomes. Further, intercropping triggers a severe reshaping of endophytic communities which accompanies a “root-to-shoot” transition of lead sequestration and improved phytoremediation capacities of S. asper. This study provides the clue that a unitive network of plant- microbial -plant interactions may participate to the phytoremediation abilities of hyperaccumulator plants and paves the path for innovative cultural practices aiming to cure polluted soils.
Mid-infrared Nanoantennas as Ultrasensitive Vibrational Probes Assisted by Machine Learning and Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Ren Zhihao , Zhang Zixuan , Wei Jingxuan , Dong Bowei , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy has been developed for centuries and has been widely used to identify molecular structure from the massive information provided by IR fingerprint absorption, reflecting the vibration energy of the chemical bond. Due to the intrinsically weak light-matter interaction, IR spectroscopy serves low sensitivity and sizeable optical interaction length (~mm to ~cm) compared with other optical probes like Raman, florescent, and refractometry technology, which hinder the applications for ultra-sensitive biomolecular screening. Here, we report a new type of IR spectroscopy by wavelength gradient hook nanoantenna integrated with the microfluidic channel, enhancing the IR molecular absorption and bringing in refractometry function with ultrathin (~100 nm) optical interaction length. With the proof-of-concept demonstration of molecular recognition of mixed alcoholic liquids by machine learning and molecular fingerprint retrieving by hyperspectral images in one-time data acquisition, our work paves the way to advance, small-volume, real-time, ultra-sensitive, in-vitro biomolecular dynamic analysis in the aqueous environment.