bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children in residential care in México: Understanding profiles, trajectories and outcomes
Authors: Valencia Corral Natalia Ocairí , López López Mónica , Frías Armenta Martha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResidential care continues to be the primary child protection measure for children in Mexico given the limited access to family placements and family support programmes. Legislation regulating residential care homes was not enacted until 2014. The first census of children in care was conducted in 2015. Prior to that year, key information such as how many children were placed in residential care, who was caring after them, what kinds of living conditions they faced, and their families histories was not well documented. To date, there remains a lack of reliable information on the number of children in residential care but it is estimated to be approximately 26,000. The lack of oversight has contributed to serious violations of children's rights. This article presents an overview of residential care in Mexico, including profiles of the children, families, and professionals involved. It also outlines the residential care process and various factors involved in decision‐making, with special attention to children from minoritized groups. We conclude that residential care in Mexico still presents a myriad of challenges and obstacles to providing comprehensive care for children.
Intent‐to‐treat survival in liver transplantation has not improved in 3 decades due to donor shortage relative to waitlist growth
Authors: Dunson Jordan R. , Bakhtiyar Syed Shahyan , Joshi Manasi , Goss John A. , Rana Abbas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiver Transplantation has advanced over the past 3 decades, with 1‐year survival rates improving 25%. Survival rates for those transplanted has increased to remarkable levels, but survival from the time of listing may not be as revolutionary.MethodsKaplan‐Meier with log‐rank test as well as Cox regression analysis was used to retrospectively analyze 211 610 adults listed for LT and 116 299 adult transplant recipients from 1987 to 2016. Our primary endpoints were survival from time of listing to waitlist death or posttransplant death.ResultsOne‐year survival following LT improved dramatically (68% in 1987–1988 vs. 93% in 2016, P < .001). There was no improvement in 1‐year intent‐to‐treat survival: 78.4% for those listed in 1987 and 81.8% for those listed in 2016 (P = .1). Also observed were decreases in the percentage of transplanted candidates from 74.8% in 1987–1988 to 54.7% in 2016 (P < .001) and increased 1‐year wait‐list mortality from 12.5% in 1987–1988 to 22.6% in 2016 (P = .002).ConclusionAs transplant rate has decreased while waitlist mortality has increased, no improvements have been made in intent‐to‐treat survival of patients listed for transplant over the past 3 decades. We speculate this observation to be resultant of a relative donor shortage outpaced by waitlist growth.SummaryLiver Transplantation has experienced vast increases in survival rates over the past 3 decades; however, due to an increased donor supply outpaced by waitlist growth, the rate of transplantation has decreased significantly while the waitlist mortality has increased, leading to no improvement in 1‐year intent‐to‐treat survival rates.
Reliability of information on YouTube™ regarding pediatric dental trauma
Authors: Tozar Kamile Nur , Yapıcı Yavuz Günay 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground/AimTraumatic dental injuries are a common health problem in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the video contents on YouTube™ regarding traumatic dental injuries in children taking into account the information of IADT, and to analyze whether it is useful for patients and dentists.Material and MethodsA search was performed on YouTube™ using the search term “trauma in pediatric dentistry” with the default filter set to “sort by relevance”. Based on this search, 127 videos were included. Demographic data such as the source, type, duration, upload date, number of likes and dislikes, interaction index, and viewing rate of the videos were recorded. Using a 23‐point scale for video content analysis, they were classified into groups as low, moderate, and high content.ResultsA total of 127 videos were analyzed. Most of the videos were uploaded by healthcare professionals (n = 90; 70.8%). The average length of the videos was 16.4 min (range: 0.6–122.9 min; median: 7.8). The average number of views of each video was 3702.9 views (range: 4–87 103). The average interaction index (views/day) was 2.4 views (range: 0.00–19.5). The average viewing rate was 522.3 (range: 1.8–6381.2). The average number of “likes” was 45.0 (range: 0–619) and the average number of “dislikes” was 2.1 (range: 0–81). The mean number of days since the uploading of the video was 772.8 days (range: 23–3805). Most of the videos (94.4%, n = 120) were educational videos and 27 (21.2%), 40 (31.4%), and 60 (47.2%) were classified as high‐content, moderate‐content, and low‐content groups, respectively.ConclusionsYouTube™ videos can be a useful resource for dental trauma in children. However, there is a need to improve the quality of YouTube™ videos uploaded by oral health professionals.
How May Education Be Organized to Safeguard Its Autonomy?
Authors: Saeverot Herner 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article searches for an autonomous discipline of education, one that is a self‐governing discipline and exercises the right to organize its own activities and to make independent decisions. In undertaking this quest, it asks: how may education be organized to safeguard its autonomy so as to be able to generate strong and unique educational knowledge and theory? To address this question, Herner Saeverot argues for a conceptual structure comprising three interrelated perspectives: education as translation (ETN), education as task (ETK), and education as truth (ETH). These three perspectives are part of the overarching term “the science of education” (SE). While ETN translates knowledge from noneducational disciplines into educationally relevant knowledge, ETK produces distinct educational knowledge or theory directly from educational practice (EP). Through these processes, education can function as an autonomous and a self‐governing discipline. However, more research is needed to identify what would be required for education to become a strong autonomous discipline. The reason for this is that ETK ultimately produces educational theory in a weak sense, that is, it yields knowledge structures that are too loose or poorly articulated to be designed as strong theory. Thus, ETH examines ETK to produce educational theory in a strong sense, in other words, knowledge that has undergone thorough scientific verification and theoretical substantiation. By way of this organization, educational theory is developed through (1) ETK as a firsthand experience in which practice‐based knowledge and theory is derived directly from EP, and (2) ETH as a second‐order observation of EP in which theory‐based knowledge is derived indirectly from EP and directly from practice‐based theory (ETK).
Evaluating new species for aquaculture: A genomic dissection of growth in the New Zealand silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus)
Authors: Valenza‐Troubat Noemie , Hilario Elena , Montanari Sara , Morrison‐Whittle Peter , Ashton David , Ritchie Peter , Wellenreuther Maren 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAquaculture is the fastest‐growing food production sector worldwide, yet industry has been slow to implement genomic techniques as routine tools. Applying genomics to new breeding programmes can provide important information about pedigree structure and genetic diversity; key parameters for a successful long‐term breeding programme. It can also provide insights on potential gains for commercially important, yet complex, quantitative traits such as growth rate. Here we investigated a population of 1100 captive‐bred F1 silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus), a promising new species for New Zealand aquaculture. We used whole‐genome information, coupled with image‐based phenotypic data collected over two years, to build the pedigree of the population, assess its genetic diversity, describe growth patterns of ten growth traits and estimate their genetic parameters. Successful parentage assignment of 664 F1 individuals showed that the pedigree consisted of a complex mixture of full‐ and half‐sib individuals, with skewed reproductive success among parents, especially in females. Growth patterns showed seasonal fluctuations (average increase across all traits of 27.3% in summer and only 7% in winter) and strong inter‐family differences. Heritability values for growth traits ranged from 0.27 to 0.76. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between traits were high and positive, ranging from 0.57 to 0.94 and 0.50 to 1.00 respectively. The implications of these findings are threefold: first, the best on‐growing conditions are in warmer months, where highest growth peaks can be achieved; second, size‐ and family‐based selection can be used as early selection criterion if pedigree structure and inbreeding risks are closely monitored; third, selection for body length results in concomitant increases in height and weight, traits of paramount importance for aquaculture. It is concluded that there is substantial potential for genetic improvement of economically important traits, suggesting that silver trevally is a promising species for selective breeding for enhanced growth.
Tools to evaluate medication management for caregivers of people living with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Gench Melissa , Sawan Mouna J. , Langford Aili , Gnjidic Danijela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers often undertake medication management for people living with dementia without formal training. There is a need to evaluate caregiver medication management practices for people living with dementia to identify and address the key issues that contribute to caregiver burden.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify and summarize approaches that evaluate medication management for caregivers of people living with dementia and appraise caregiver's involvement in aspects of medication management.Search StrategyA systematic search was undertaken in five databases: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. Studies written in English that contained tools and surveys that evaluated aspects of medication management for caregivers of PWD were included.ResultsA total of 10 studies were included. Medication selection was assessed in six studies, supply and monitoring/review was captured in seven studies, with administration assessed in nine studies. Caregivers were commonly involved in decision‐making for medication changes (77.1%–86.8%) and in the ordering (55.9%–86.0%) and collection (87.0%–92.4%) of medications. Reported caregiver involvement in medication administration showed a wide range (44%–94.7%) between the studies. Challenges in administration were commonly related to polypharmacy and dosage regimen complexity.ConclusionsCurrent tools capture specific aspects of medication management, with medication administration the most evaluated aspect of medication management. Future research is needed to develop a tool to holistically evaluate the complexities of medication management for caregivers of people living with dementia to minimize adverse events at transitions of care.Public ContributionFrom the authors' previous research, caregivers highlighted the need to address key issues in medication management for people living with dementia.
COVID‐19–related laboratory coagulation findings
Authors: Devreese Katrien M. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe alterations in the hemostatic balance in COVID‐19 patients are strongly disturbed and contribute to a high prothrombotic status. The high rate of venous thromboembolism in COVID‐19 patients goes along with derangements in coagulation laboratory parameters. Hemostasis testing has an important role in diagnosed COVID‐19 patients. Elevated D‐dimer levels were found to be a crucial laboratory marker in the risk assessment of thrombosis in COVID‐19 patients. The diagnostic approach also includes prothrombin time and platelet count. Fibrinogen might give an indication for worsening coagulopathy. Other markers (activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinolysis parameters, coagulation factors, natural anticoagulants, antiphospholipid antibodies and parameters obtained by thromboelastography or thrombin generation assays) have been described as being deranged. These may help to understand the pathophysiology of thrombosis in COVID‐19 patients but have currently no place in diagnosis or management in COVID‐19 patients. For monitoring the heparin anticoagulant therapy, the anti‐Xa assay is suggested, because the severe acute‐phase reaction (high fibrinogen and high factor VIII) shortens the aPTT.
ADAMTS13 testing update: Focus on laboratory aspects of difficult thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura diagnoses and effects of new therapies
Authors: Smock Kristi J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTTP is a life‐threatening disorder diagnosed using a combination of clinical information and laboratory results. ADAMTS13 activity and antibody testing represent a major advance in the field, but results can sometimes be difficult to interpret due to technical aspects of the tests and characteristics of the causative antibodies in acquired TTP. Genetic testing for ADAMTS13 mutations is also now available to assist with the diagnosis of inherited TTP. This review will focus on ADAMTS13 testing and will highlight patient and laboratory aspects that can lead to diagnostic difficulty. The effects of TTP therapies on test results will also be discussed.
Review of coagulation preanalytical variables with update on the effect of direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Gosselin Robert C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere are many preanalytical variables (PAV) that are known to affect coagulation testing. The more commonly acknowledged PAV addressed by the clinical laboratory tend to start with their influence on blood collection, but realistically coagulation PAV starts with the patient, where the laboratory has less influence or control. Patient selection and appropriate timing for blood collection may be integral for assuring proper diagnosis and management. Laboratory control and assurance for ideal phlebotomy practice would mitigate most PAVs related to blood collection to minimize suboptimal sample collection. Laboratory oversight of sample transportation, processing and storage will assure sample integrity until testing can be facilitated. The purpose of this document is to review common PAV that should be taken into consideration when ordering, performing and interpreting a coagulation test result, with additional attention to the effect of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).
Fabrication and electromechanical characterization of mullite ceramic fiber/thermoplastic polymer piezoelectric composites
Authors: Takaishi Kei , Kubota Yuki , Kurita Hiroki , Wang Zhenjin , Narita Fumio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVarious types of sensors such as piezoelectric ceramics and strain gauges are widely used to monitor the damage of automobile components, buildings, and so on. Among these sensors, piezoelectric sensors have a high‐energy conversion efficiency, that is a high sensitivity. Therefore, we fabricated a mullite fiber‐reinforced resin sheet with piezoelectric particles (Piezo‐MFRS) and evaluated their sensor performance. Piezo‐MFRS was fabricated by the hand layup method—the polyamide resin was mixed with piezoelectric particles and infused into the mullite fiber fabric. After that, the piezo‐MFRS was polarized by a corona discharge. We investigated the relationship between the applied impact load or vibration load to the piezo‐MFRS and the generated voltage. The piezo‐MFRS induced an output voltage of 20 mV under a compressive stress of 4 MPa, and an output voltage amplitude of 2 mV due to bending vibration of amplitude 0.5 mm. Therefore, it seems that the piezo‐MFRS is suitable for use as a load sensor. Furthermore, we confirmed that the tensile properties of piezo‐MFRS were not reduced by the addition of piezoelectric particles. Consequently, it is likely that piezo‐MFRS is a promising material for a rugged piezoelectric sensor and opens the door to monitoring large structures.
Association of long‐term obesity and weight gain with periodontal pocketing: Results of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study
Authors: Tegelberg Paula , Saxlin Tuomas , Tervonen Tellervo , Knuuttila Matti , Jokelainen Jari , Auvinen Juha , Ylöstalo Pekka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate whether obesity, central obesity, and weight gain are associated with periodontal pocketing.Materials and methodsA never‐smoking sub‐population (n = 725) of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 was categorized based on body mass index (BMI; participants with normal weight, overweight, and obesity) and waist circumference (WC; participants without central obesity and with central obesity) at ages 31 and 46. The categories were combined to define whether the participants stayed in the respective BMI and WC categories or moved on to a higher category during follow‐up. A periodontal examination was done at age 46.ResultsWC was more consistently associated with periodontal pocketing than BMI. The relative risks for the number of sites with periodontal pocket depth (PPD) ≥4 mm and bleeding PPD ≥4 mm in participants with central obesity both at age 31 and at age 46 were 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–2.0) and 2.1 (95% CI 1.6–2.6). The corresponding values for participants who had no central obesity at age 31 but had central obesity at age 46 were 1.6 (95% CI 1.4–1.8) and 1.9 (95% CI 1.6–2.3).ConclusionOf all the studied measures, central obesity appeared to be most strongly associated with the inflammatory condition of the periodontium.
Drying kinetics of food materials in infrared radiation drying: A review
Authors: Delfiya D. S. Aniesrani , Prashob K. , Murali S. , Alfiya P. V. , Samuel Manoj P. , Pandiselvam R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, many infrared (IR) and IR‐assisted drying methods such as IR‐hot air, IR‐vacuum, IR‐microwave, and vibration aided IR‐dryer have been reported for drying of food materials due to its rapid drying behavior and less processing time due to high drying rate, consumes less energy, offers better control over temperature, superior quality products, less ecological footprint and also easily it can be combined with other modes of heating technologies. The combination of IR radiation with other drying methods is very promising as it not only improves the drying rate but also preserve the food quality. IR and IR‐assisted drying have been proved as a potential drying method for many food products. Drying kinetics of food materials during IR drying is very critical for the design of IR dryer, selection of appropriate drying parameters, product quality maintenance, and control and optimization of the drying process. Therefore, this paper aims to report the optimum process parameters for IR and IR‐assisted drying of food materials and its drying kinetics. Similarly, critically reviewed the effect of various factors on the IR drying process such as drying rate, specific energy consumption, effective moisture diffusivity, and activation energy during drying of various food materials.Practical applicationsInfrared (IR) heating allows more uniform heating resulting in better quality characteristics of dried products than other drying methods. The combination of hot air and IR improves the effectiveness of drying. Drying kinetics of food materials and the factors affecting the drying characteristics of food materials during IR and IR‐assisted heating are essential for the optimization of the drying process and the successful design of IR dryers with improved efficiency. Most of the IR and IR‐assisted drying technologies developed for the food drying and dehydration process in the thermal food processing sector are still in a laboratory or experimental stage only. This review paper helps to analyze the further possibilities for scaling up of these technologies to industrial level or design of innovative dryer would be very beneficial to the food processing industries.
Language and executive functioning in young adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Kristensen K. , Lorenz K. M. , Zhou X. , Piro‐Gambetti B. , Hartley S. L. , Godar S. P. , Diel S. , Neubauer E. , Litovsky R. Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the association between executive functioning and language in young adults with Down syndrome (DS).MethodNineteen young adults with DS (aged 19–24 years) completed standardised measures of overall cognition, vocabulary, verbal fluency and executive function skills.ResultsFriedman's analysis of variance (χ2(3) = 28.15, P < .001) and post hoc comparisons indicated that, on average, participants had a significantly lower overall non‐verbal than verbal cognitive age equivalent and lower expressive than receptive vocabulary skills. Using Spearman correlations, performance on a verbal measure of cognition inhibition was significantly negatively related to receptive vocabulary (ρ = −.529, adjusted P = .036) and verbal fluency (ρ = −.608, adjusted P = .022). Attention was significantly positively correlated with receptive (ρ = .698, adjusted‐p = .005) and expressive (ρ = .542, adjusted P = .027) vocabulary. Verbal working memory was significantly positively associated with receptive vocabulary (ρ = .585, adjusted P = .022) and verbal fluency (ρ = .737, adjusted P = .003). Finally, visuospatial working memory was significantly associated with receptive vocabulary (ρ = .562, adjusted P = .027).ConclusionsVerbal and non‐verbal measures of executive functioning skills had important associations with language ability in young adults with DS. Future translational research is needed to investigate causal pathways underlying these relationships. Research should explore if interventions aimed at increasing executive functioning skills (e.g. attention, inhibition and working memory) have the potential to lead to increases in language for young adults with DS.
The psychological resilience and perceived stress of the frontline heroes in the pandemic in Turkey: A descriptive study of the COVID‐19 outbreak‐mutations‐normalization triad
Authors: Boran Maruf , Boran Omer Faruk , Korukcu Oznur , Özkaya Meltem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo determine the psychological resilience and perceived stress levels of healthcare workers in COVID‐19 intensive care units.MethodsThe study was conducted with 418 physicians and nurses in Turkey between July and August 2020. The data were collected with an online survey consisting of a personal information form, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale.ResultsThe study sample comprised 32.5% physicians and 67.5% nurses. Fear of transmission of COVID‐19 from the patients in their care was stated by 92.6% of the physicians and 95.7% of the nurses. Almost all of the participants (99.3%) were afraid of transmitting COVID‐19 to their families. The psychological resilience level of the physicians (18.42 ± 2.25) participating in the study was higher than that of the nurses (17.88 ± 2.00), and the perceived stress level was lower. It was determined that most physicians and nurses strengthened their team/work friendship bonds during the pandemic, but the motivation to work decreased.ConclusionThe study results suggest that frontline intensive care workers should be closely monitored as a high‐risk group for psychological problems. The provision of better personal protective equipment, together with on‐going monitoring and provision of psychological support, and strong family support will increase the resilience of frontline healthcare workers.