bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS ON FIRST COLONOSCOPIC EXAMINATION
Authors: Tariq Rabia , Abbas Anum , Haider Ehtesham , Zubair Usama Bin , Saeed Farrukh , Qureshi Zafar Ali 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess the severity of ulcerative colitis on first colonoscopic examination.
Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional (correlational) study design.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in Gastroenterology Outpatient Department of Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2017 to Oct 2018.
Methodology: An aggregate of 200 patients within the age range of 12-70 years, were included in the studythrough non-probability consecutive sampling. The data was collected by the self-administered questionnaireincluding age, gender, stool frequency, P/R bleed, systemic features of ulcerative colitis & colonoscopic findings.Effectiveness of the procedures was noted on a pre-designed performa and the endoscopic assessment was based upon mayo score severity of colitis graded from Normal (0) to Severe (3). Data was analyzed by using SPSS-19.
Results: The mean age of the participants was reported 38 ± 2.1 years. Out of 200 participants 104 (52%) weremale, diarrhea with PR bleed was positive in 180 (90%) & anemia in 154 (77%). Colonoscopic findings showedthat 72 (36%) were with Left sided colitis (Montreal Class E2) & 82 (41%) with proctitis (Montreal class E1). Severe disease (Mayo endoscopic Score 3) was positive in 118 (59%) patients.
Conclusion: Assessment of severity of UC is important as it determines the long term management & alsovaluable for risk stratification to predict the prognosis. Our findings feature the requirement for system levelenhancements to encourage the proper delivery of colonoscopy services dependent on individual risk.
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ONE MONTH POST INTENSIVE CARE UNIT DISCHARGE OUTCOME
Authors: Siddique Nadeem , Ahmad Muhammad , Khan Sabir , Taqi Arshad , Hussain Tanvir 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the outcomes of patients discharged from a general intensive care unit one month after discharge.
Study Design: Descriptive case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Intensive Care Unit - National Hospital and Medical Centre Lahore, from Jan 2018to Dec 2018.
Methodology: All patients of both genders and age more than 12 years were included. Follow up was donethrough a phone call to the contact number provided, one-month post intensive care unit discharge. Information regarding outcome i.e. survival, bed bound state, degree of dependence for day to day activities and return to routine life.
Results: A total of 106 cases were recruited, out of which 55.7% were male and 44.3% female; mean age was56.86 ± 23.16 years. At 1-month intensive care unit discharge 8.49% of the patients were dead; 73.58% cases hadreturned to pre intensive care unit admission routines, 11.32% were partially dependent on someone, 6.6% were bed bound. Death and bed bounding was highest in 60 year or older patients (p=0.03). All 9 cases who had died and 7 who were bed bound were admitted through emergency and remained admitted in the hospital for more than 7 days with p=0.0001. 77.8% of patients who died, 66.7% of patients who were partially dependent and all the bed bound patients required needed ventilation during intensive care unit admission with p=0.0001.
Conclusion: In our series 20% of the patients were either dead or dependent for their daily survival one monthafter discharge from intensive care unit.Keywords: , , ,
EVALUATION OF RADICAL CHOLECYSTECTOMY FOR INCIDENTAL GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA DIAGNOSED AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY, SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Safdar Kamran , Wattoo Nasir Mehmood , Butt Qasim , Yasin Talha 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the procedure of radical cholecystectomy for incidental gallbladder carcinoma diagnosed after cholecystectomy at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Pakistan.
Study Design: Observational study (case series).
Place and Duration of Study: Army Liver Transplant Unit, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Jun2018 to Apr 2019.
Methodology: A prospective study was conducted on 11 patients who underwent routine cholecystectomy either open or laparoscopic for a possibly benign condition but were found with a malignancy on histopathology, were included in the study. Detailed assessment regarding all the side effects was done immediately after the procedure, at 48 hours, at time of discharge and two weeks after the procedure was done on all the participants.
Results: Out of 11patients included in the final analysis, 06 were male and 05 were female. Mean age of patients put who underwent cholecystectomy and had incidental finding of cancer was 44.23 ± 3.621. Mean duration of hospital stay after the surgery was 5.13 ± 2.175. Most of the patients had well differentiated tumor. Post-operative pain was the commonest complication among the target population followed by biliary complication.
Cholecystectomy,Conclusion: Gallbladder carcinoma may be missed on routine clinical screening and radiological modalities.Surgeon should be careful enough and suspect unusual finding of malignancy in routine surgeries. Radicalsurgery of the incidental gallbladder cancer emerged as an effective management modality among the patientsmanaged in our set up during this study period.
DETERMINATION OF FREQUENCY OF A NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC CATEGORY OF HYPERGLYCEMIA I.E. IMPAIRED RANDOM GLUCOSE IN PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN PATIENTS OF PREDIABETES AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Mustafa Qurat Ul Ain , Amir Muhammad , Sajid Muhammad Tanvir , Haroon Zujaja Hina , Ejaz Aamir , Asif Naveed 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of normoglycemia (NG), prediabetes and diabetes mellitus (DM) amongpatients having impaired random glucose (IRG) and establish the optimum cutoff of impaired random glucosefor the diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi and Combined Military HospitalQuetta, from Nov 2016 to Nov 2018.
Methodology: Healthy individuals of both genders undergoing investigation for diabetes mellitus were enrolled through non probability consecutive sampling while patients with diabetes, pregnant, hospitalized, using concomitant medications (corticosteroids, immunosuppressive, chemotherapy) and those unable to complete oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were excluded. Random plasma glucose (RPG) was determined and patients having impaired random glucose underwent oral glucose tolerance test, analysis being done on ADVIA1800®using hexokinase methodology.
Results: Among the 280 study participants, majority were female {156 (57.5%) vs 124 (44.3%) male}. Mean age in male and female patients was 33.625 ± 3.34 years vs 35.150 ± 2.79 years with p-value 0.50 while mean IRG was 7.12 ± 1.47 vs 6.90 ± 1.17 mmol/L respectively with p-value 0.16 (statistically insignificant). Oral glucose tolerance test results showed NG in 61.8% (173), prediabetes in 24.6% (69) while diabetes was found in 38 (13.6%) patients. Optimal impaired random glucose cutoff value for diagnosis of diabetes was found 7.45 mmol/L (AUC 0.956 [CI 0.927-0.984], p<0.001, sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 74.4%), however, same cut-off value showed impaired random glucose as fair diagnostic test for prediabetes (AUC 0.771 [CI 0.717-0.825], p<0.001, sensitivity 72.5%, specificity 77.3%).......
COMPARISON OF TWO WIDELY USED ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS OLANZAPINE VERSUS RISPERIDONE IN TERMS OF METABOLIC OUTCOMES
Authors: Hussain Shiraz , Imtiaz Nomita , Amin Malik Awais , Khan Sana , Kakar Siddique 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the metabolic outcomes in psychiatric patients treated with Olanzapine and Risperidone.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health, Rawalpindi,from Aug 2016 to Jan 2017.
Methodology: In this study 114 newly diagnosed psychiatric patients taking atypical anti-psychotics were selected and placed randomly into two groups i.e. group A (Olanzapine) andgroup B (Risperidone), 57 patients each. Patients of either gender, 20 to 60 years’ age, clinically diagnosed new cases having psychiatric illness using DSMV were selected consecutively. Baseline and six months’ end study data were collected and compared.
Results: Total 14 out of 109 (5 patients lost follow up) patients developed metabolic syndrome. Among these 10(18.18%) were in group A while 4 (7.41%) were in group B. Patients receiving Olanzapine were 2.58 times moreprone to develop metabolic syndrome compared to the Risperidone receiving [RR= 2.58 {C.I. 0.85009, 7.62703}].Weight gain (p-value = 0.0048), increased Waist circumference (p-value = 0.00867) and elevated Blood Pressure (pvalue = 0.0563) were seen more significantly with use of Olanzapine.
Conclusion: Olanzapine although associated with good efficacy but indeed with more serious and long-term side effects like impaired blood glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and increase weight. Psychiatrist must screen and continuously monitor such patients.
HEARING LOSS IN BLAST TRAUMA VICTIMS. A MULTICENTRE RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Butt Kamran Ashfaq Ahmed , Bhalli Naeem Riaz , Siddique Wasif , Ahmed Attique , Khan Maryam , Ahmed Manzoor 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To describe the resultant Otologic morbidity and report on the early outcomes following blasts occurring in twin cities of Quetta and Peshawar.
Study Design: Case series.
Place and Duration of Study: ENT department Tertiary Care Centre Quetta and Tertiary Care Hospital Peshawar. Study period was, from Jan 2013 to Dec 2013.
Methodology: All bomb blast patients brought to the hospitals were included in study. Participants completed Symptom Assessment Forms followed by detailed ENT examination and Pure Tone Audiograms on arrival and after 6 weeks.
Results: A total of 504 patients were included initially of which 80% of the patients were male. About 57.8% of the patients complained of ear injury, 21.6% of the total patients had tympanic membrane perforation on initial presentation. Chances of spontaneous closure of perforation were 20.9% in our study. Chances of hearing improvement were 17.9% in our study at the end of the study period.
Conclusion: Blast related otologic injuries constituted a major source of morbidity The most common type of hearing loss following a blast trauma was mild to moderate conductive type. Chances of recovery of hearing following blast do exist (17.9%). Suspected patients should be regularly assessed and followed up. Much work needs to be done to study the impact of blast trauma on hearing in our country.
ASSOCIATION OF SERUM FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND SERUM LUTEINIZING HORMONE WITH SECONDARY INFERTILITY IN OBESE FEMALES IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Khan Humera , Siddique Nimrah , Cheema Rabia Akhtar 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To finding the association of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) with secondary infertility in obese females in Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: District head quarter Hospital Sahiwal, from Mar 2018 to May 2018.
Methodology: The study was conducted at district head quarter hospital Sahiwal after approval from Institutional Review Board of Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. The Data was assessed by IBM-SPSS version 24. Frequency distributions of study participants were calculated. Significance of the associations was assessed by independent sample t-test. Bivariate analysis was also done to check the effect of different factors on secondary infertility separately. The p-value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: Mostly (43.3%) belonged to middle class socioeconomic group. Nearly 54% were from urban residential areas. Majority belonged to (65%) age group between 31-40 years. When we calculated the association of serum follicle stimulating hormone and serum luteinizing hormone with the secondary infertility in these study participants then it was conclusive to find out that mean levels of both follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were quite low (12.11 ± 1.14 and 21.97 ± 3.74 respectively) in patients with secondary infertility as compared to those which were not suffering from it. Association of serum follicle stimulating hormone was also found to be statistically significant with secondary infertility (p=0.042).
Conclusion: Hence it is concluded that the low levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone are strongly associated with secondary infertility in obese women.
Döngüsel Ekonomi Kapsamında GSYİH ile Geri Dönüşüm İlişkisi: Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri Örneği
Authors: ATEŞ Erdem 
Published: January 2021

Sanayi Devrimi öncesinde üretim, insan ihtiyaçlarını gidermenin yanı sıra ticaret yapabilmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Zaman içerisinde nüfusun artması ile ihtiyaçların miktarı ve çeşitliliği artmıştır. Artan ihtiyaçlar Sanayi Devrimi sonrasında ortaya çıkan kitle üretimi ile karşılanabilmiştir. Sanayi devrimi ile birlikte doğrusal ekonomi olgusu ortaya çıkmıştır. Doğrusal ekonomi; hammaddenin sağlanması, nihai malın üretilmesi, tüketilmesi ve tüketildikten sonra atık halini aldığı süreci ifade etmektedir. İlerleyen dönemde, dünya kaynaklarının hızla tükendiği ve çevre sorunlarının ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Bu durum döngüsel ekonominin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Döngüsel ekonomi; hammaddenin verimli kullanıldığı, üretim sürecinde doğaya en az zararın verildiği, üretim sonrasında ortaya çıkan atıkların yeniden değerlendirildiği bir üretim yapısını ifade etmektedir.
Çalışmada döngüsel ekonominin en önemli bileşenlerinden olan geri dönüşüm kavramı 30 ülke için 2008-2017 döneminde incelenmiştir. Çalışma panel veri yöntemleriyle, dirençli tahminci Prais-Winsten (PCSEs) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken ülkelerin gayri safi yurtiçi hasılaları (GSYİH); bağımsız değişkenler ise, elektronik, evsel, ambalaj, plastik, kağıt, metal, cam, eski otomobil aksanları ve odun atıklarının geri dönüşüm oranlarıdır. Sonuçlara göre; plastik atıklarının ve eski otomobil aksanlarının geri dönüşüm oranının ekonomik büyümeyi olumsuz, diğer değişkenlerin ise ekonomik büyümeyi olumlu etkiledikleri görülmüştür.
La credibilidad de los noticieros de televisión salvadoreños y sus periodistas
Authors: Chávez Natali , Zeledón Federico 
Published: January 2021

En un entorno comunicativo altamente dinámico y en el que en los últimos años han ganado terreno las formas alternativas de acceso a la información, los medios tradicionales tienen el desafío de repensarse a sí mismos para continuar en las referencias de sus públicos. En esa carrera por la supervivencia frente al auge de las nuevas plataformas digitales y, además, frente a audiencias cada vez más críticas y exigentes, los noticieros televisivos siguen teniendo un lugar importante. Sin embargo, la credibilidad de sus contenidos se ha vuelto una clara demanda para conectar con televidentes que privilegian la calidad, el conocimiento, la ética y la utilidad de la información. Eso es lo que revela el estudio resumido en este artículo, que recoge la percepción que tienen tres generaciones de salvadoreñas y salvadoreños sobre los espacios informativos de la televisión nacional, así como qué aspectos inciden en sus hábitos de consumo noticiosos.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 74, No. 758, 2019: 427-450
La utopía ellacuriana de otra universidad posible
Authors: Samour Héctor 
Published: January 2021

El artículo destaca y explica las principales características del modelo de universidad que propuso Ignacio Ellacuría en la década de los setenta, un modelo de universidad distinta que asume a las mayorías populares como horizonte de su actividad y que configura y activa todo su poder institucional, mediante la docencia, la investigación y la proyección social, al servicio del análisis de las causas de la opresión y la transformación de la realidad histórica, con el fin de convertirse en un respaldo teórico, ético y político de una praxis histórica de liberación.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 74, No. 759, 2019: 415-431
Tinjauan Sedimentasi Terhadap Pola Aliran Sungai Ammasangan Kota Palopo
Authors: Sari Andi Kartini 
Published: January 2021

Sungai amassangan terletak di Kecamatan Wara kelurahan amassangan kota palopo yang merupakan sungai dengan panjang kurang lebih 3,2 km setiap tahunnya selalu mengalami hujan deras menyebabkan terjadinya erosi di hulu sungai amassangan, hal ini diperparah adanya penebangan hutan secara liar serta pengalihan fungsi hutan di sekitar hulu sungai menjadi perkebunan menyebabkan terkikisnya lapisan tanah di hulu sungai dan mengakibatkan berkurangnya kapasitas tanah untuk menahan air sehingga terjadilah banjir yang membawa banyak material dari hulu sungai kemudian mengendap di dasar saluran sungai amassangan (sedimentasi). Sedimentasi yang terjadi di sungai amassangan ini semakin memperparah banjir yang terjadi di sungai amassangan setiap tahunnya, disebabkan air yang melewati saluran sungai amassangan telah melebihi kapasitas sungai. Akibatnya air meluap kerumah warga sekitar sungai. Penelitian dilakukan dimulai dari arah hulu ke arah hilir sepanjang 4,2 km. Kemudian di ambil sampel sedimen dari 1250 meter yang dibagi menjadi 4 titik pengamatan. Menganalisis besarnya muatan angkutan sedimen sungai amassangan menggunakan Metode Engelund dan Hansen dengan menggunakan debit maksimum sungai. sampel sedimen dilakukan di tiap titik pengamatan. Jumlah sampel yang dibutuhkan adalah 4 sampel untuk sampel sedimen dan 3 sampel untuk sampel air, kemudian diolah di laboratorium untuk memperoleh data berat jenis sedimen dan data berat jenis air sungai amassangan. Peritungan transpor sedimen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Engelund dan Hansen, debit yang diigunakan didapatkan dari data pos hujan Latuppa tahun 2014. Persamaan Engelund and Hansen didasarkan pada pendekatan tegangan geser. Dari hasil analisis perhitungan muatan sedimen menggunakan Persamaan Engelund dan Hansen, diperoleh hasil muatan angkutan sedimen sungai amassangan adalah 0,05585 ton/hari. Dampak sedimentasi terhadap aliran sungai amassangan mengakibatkan Penumpukan sedimen di pinggir saluran maupun di dasar saluran sungai, Penyempitan saluran sungai, Pendangkalan saluran sungai, Kualitas air sungai amassangan menjadi buruk serta meningkatkan potensi terjadinya banjir di sungai amassangan
EVALUASI KUAT TEKAN BETON RECYCLE AGREGAT DENGAN CAMPURAN AIR LAUT DAN PREDIKSI MODULUS ELASTISITASNYA
Authors: Sulaiman Lusman 
Published: January 2021

Produksi beton dengan konsumsi air tawar yang cukup tinggi menjadi fokus utama oleh pemerintah dan insinyur akhir-akhir ini untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi. Ditambah, agregat normal (AN) yang semakin hari semakain berkurang jumlahnya dari sumber-sumber alamiahnya merupakan hal yang krusial untuk mencari alternatif pengganti. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memaparakan secara eksplisit sifat kuat tekan beton recycle agregat dengan air laut sebagai campuran dalam pembuatan beton sebagai material bangunan struktur dan prediksi modulus elastisitasnya. Pengujian eksperimen laboratorium dilakukan terhadap total tiga puluh spesimen uji berbentuk silinder (15x30cm) untuk mengevaluasi durabilitas beton dibawah pengaruh beban tekan dengan target sebesar 300 kg/cm² (29 MPa). Dua komposisi campuran yang berbeda disiapkan dimana campuran pertama adalah 100% air laut dan 100% agregat recycle dan kedua adalah campuran 100% air tawar dan 100% agregat recycle sebagai kontrol beton dengan faktor air semen sebesar 0.45. Kemudian spesimen uji diletakkan kedalam bak perendaman yang menggunakan air tawar dengan perbedaan waktu perawatan yaitu 3, 7, 14, 21, dan 28 hari. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa kombinasi antara beton agregat recycle dengan campuran air laut (BAR-AL) memiliki kuat tekan awal tinggi pada umur 3 hari perawatan dan dicapai perbedaan kuat tekan sebesar 21% jika dibandingkan beton agregat recycle dengan campuran air tawar (BAR-AT) pada umur 28 hari. Oleh karena iu, diperlukan metode pendekan tertentu untuk meningkatkan kuat tekan BAR-AL agar setara bahkan lebih besar dari kuat tekan BAR-AT. Prediksi modulus elastisitas beton recycle dilakukan dengan menggunakan empat pendekatan matematis. Dari hasil analisis, persamaan empiris modulus elastisitas yang lebih mendekati real adalah dengan menggunakan pers.5 untuk BAR-AL dan persamaan matematis ACI318-14 untuk BAR-AT
EVALUASI BIAYA OPERASIONAL ANGKUTAN UMUM DI KOTA PALOPO
Authors: Natsir Rakhmawati 
Published: January 2021

Angkutan umum sebagai bagian dari sistem transportasi perkotaan adalah salah satu kebutuhan pokok masyarakat kota dan merupakan bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan kota pada umumnya. Biaya operasional yang merupakan salah satu dasar dalam penetapan tarif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada angkutan umum di kota Palopo untuk trayek terminal - perumnas. Desain penelitian secara kuantitatif dengan melakukan pengambilan data primer dan data sekunder untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biaya operasional angkutan umum. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan menggunakan model rumus matematis untuk mencari besarnya biaya operasional kendaraan (BOK) angkutan umum pada trayek terminal – perumnas. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan biaya operasi kendaraan (BOK) dan tambahan biaya lainnya yang ditunjukkan pada trayek terminal-perumnas, bahwa biaya yang harus dikeluarkan perkendaraan (mikrolet/pete-pete) per tahunnya sebesar = Rp 100.492.828,15 dengan biaya perkilometernya sebesar = 1.595.12 km/thn
ANALISIS KINERJA TEKNOLOGI SLAM - GMAPPING UNTUK ROBOT BERODA MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR HOKUYO LASER SCANNER
Authors: Rohman Fatkhur , Harsanti Winda 
Published: January 2021

Permasalahan penting yang dihadapi oleh pengembang kendaraan otomatis adalah kemampuan untuk mendeteksi dan mengetahui jarak kendaraan terhadap lingkungan sekitar kendaraan pada saat beroperasi. Permasalahan lainnya adalah jarak halangan dan kendaraan tidak hanya pada satu arah/sudut saja, melainkan dalam semua sudut dalam radian 360 derajat. Permasalah tersebut dapat diselesaikan menggunakan algoritma lokalisasi dan pemetaan ruang. Sistem lokalisasi dan pemetaan ruang dalam bidang robotika dikenal dengan nama SLAM yang merupakan kepanjangan dari simultaneous localization and mapping. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi peta halangan sekitar robot dan merepresentasikan data tersebut dalam simulasi 3D secara realtime di simulator Gazebo, Mendapatkan data sistem odometry menyangkut posisi akhir dan arah robot terakhir dari posisi awal keberangkatan secara realtime, Menerapkan algoritma SLAM GMapping pada platform embedded linux di robot 2 roda differential drive. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan melakukan validasi hasil simulasi robot terhadap kondisi nyata halangan robot. Simulasi dilakukan melalui Simulaotr Gazebo yang langsung terhubung ke robot. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa algoritma program SLAM GMapping mampu secara simultan memetakan bentuk 2D bentuk halangan sekitar robot dan secara bersamaan memiliki informasi posisi akhir robor dari titik awal. Sensor Hokuyo 2D laser scanner sebagai input sensor mampu secara optimal mendeksi halangan yang diujikan dalam lingkungan ruang uji secara akurat dan realtime