bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LAMOST Fiber Positioning Unit Detection Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhou Ming , Lv Guanru , Li Jian , Zhou Zengxiang , Liu Zhigang , Wang Jianping , Bai Zhongrui , Zhang Yong , Tian Yuan , Wang Mengxin , Wang Shuqing , Hu Hongzhuan , Zhai Chao , Chu Jiaru , Dong Yiqiao , Yuan Hailong , Zhao Yongheng , Chu Yaoquan , Zhang Haotong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The double revolving fiber positioning unit (FPU) is one of the key technologies of The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscope Telescope (LAMOST). The positioning accuracy of the computer controlled FPU depends on robot accuracy as well as the initial parameters of FPU. These initial parameters may deteriorate with time when FPU is running in non-supervision mode, which would lead to bad fiber position accuracy and further efficiency degradation in the subsequent surveys. In this paper, we present an algorithm based on deep learning to detect the FPU’s initial angle using the front illuminated image of LAMOST focal plane. Preliminary test results show that the detection accuracy of the FPU initial angle is better than 2.°5, which is good enough to distinguish those obvious bad FPUs. Our results are further well verified by direct measurement of fiber position from the back illuminated image and the correlation analysis of the spectral flux in LAMOST survey data.
Electron beam–plasma discharge in GDT mirror trap: particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: Timofeev I.V. , Annenkov V.V. , Volchok E.P. , Glinskiy V.V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of numerical simulations of the collective relaxation of an electron beam in a magnetized plasma at the parameters typical to experiments on the ignition of a beam–plasma discharge in the gas dynamic trap (GDT). The goal of these simulations is to confirm the ideas about the mechanism of the discharge development, which are used to interpret the results of recent laboratory experiments (Soldatkina et al 2021 Nucl. Fusion). In particular, a characteristic feature of these experiments is the localization of the beam relaxation region in the vicinity of the entrance mirror. A strong mirror magnetic field compresses the beam so that its transverse size becomes less than the wavelength it excites. In addition, near the mirror, the electron cyclotron frequency is much higher than the plasma one, which can significantly affect the possibility of propagation of the most unstable waves outside the beam. Particle-in-cell simulations make it possible not only to find how efficiently intense plasma oscillations penetrate the rarefied periphery, but also to prove that the turbulent zone in a realistic nonuniform plasma has regions dominated by transverse electric fields. This creates the necessary conditions for efficient acceleration of the trapped particles to energies much higher than the initial beam energy.
Influence of input methods on jet mixing in a four-vortex chamber
Authors: Dekterev A A , Kuznetsov V A , Tepfer E S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, a numerical study of aerodynamics and interaction of vortex structures is carried out depending on the organization of the injection of jets in the chamber. For unsteady calculation of aerodynamics, the URANS approach based on the k-omega SST turbulence model was used. The calculation results show the conditions for the formation of a stable four-vortex structure. The options are also identified in which a significant restructuring of the flow structure occurs.
Calculation and experimental analysis of heat transfer of assemblies of ribbed heat exchange elements
Authors: Yu Egorov M , Lychakov V D , Shcheglov A A , Matyash A S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The results of thermal-hydraulic and strength tests of finned tube assemblies welded from KP 20 elements of four sizes are presented. The elements are representing by steel plate 0.4 mm in thickness, covered with a copper film 0.025 mm in thickness. One or two conical necks 17 mm long are extended in the plates. A set of placed in each other cones form a welded finned tube 23/20 mm with a toothed inner surface. As a result of the tests: high strength characteristics of these assemblies were demonstrated (internal pressure of burst under normal conditions is 40 MPa, resistance to sudden changes in temperature and freezing of water in “pipes”); a high average coefficient of thermal conductivity in the thickness of the ribs was confirmed at the level of 75 W/(m×K); the increase in the intensity of the heat transfer process is 2.15 times with the help of technological protrusions on the inner surface of the “pipe” to a turbulent single-phase flow in comparison with the calculated values for “smooth” pipes with a moderate increase in hydraulic resistance; the method of heat-hydraulic calculation of heat exchangers consisting of such “pipes” is proposed. The method is based on the ratios set out in the regulatory document “RD 24.035.05-89”. Thermal and hydraulic calculation of NPP heat exchanging equipment”, with amendments considering the high degree of finning of the tested “pipes” and the asymmetry of the edges of the ribs relative to the axis of the “pipes” bearing pressure, as well as the change in the value of the correction for the smallness of the tube bundle — we also identified areas of effective use of assemblies tested sizes of elements KP 20.
Features of swirled flows in power plant chimneys
Authors: Roslyakov P V , Khokhlov D A , Zaichenko M N , Ionkin I L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The results of computational studies of the cylindrical and conical chimneys operating modes are presented. It is shown that with opposite gas supplies, swirling flows appear. Their shape and intensity depend on the type of chimney stack and the gas supply conditions. Swirling flows significantly affect the fields of axial and tangential velocities and determine the conditions for the gas outflow from the chimney.
Heat transfer and skin-friction in channel with flow behind a cylinder
Authors: Kiselev N A , Zditovets A G , Vinogradov Yu A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the parameters of the boundary layer, distribution of static pressure, heat transfer and friction coefficients of smooth surface located in the wake behind the cylinder in the channel. Cylinders of various diameters were placed in a slotted channel with a height of 30 mm on its axis. In all experiments, the flow velocity at the inlet was 50 m/s. The cylinder was made unheated. The friction coefficients of the smooth model were determined both from the velocity profile in the boundary layer and by direct weighing of the model on a one-component strain-gage balance. The local values of the heat transfer coefficients were determined by transient heat-transfer method using a thermal imager. The values of the heat transfer and friction coefficients in the wake behind the cylinder, referred to the values on the smooth wall in the undisturbed flow, varied in the range 1.15–1.65 and 1.3–1.75, respectively. The value of the Reynolds analogy factor for all cylinder diameters turned out to be less than unity.
The spring wheat yield formation in Russia Central Region as productive stalks density function
Authors: Davydova N V , Kazachenko A O , Shirokolava A V , Rezepkin A M , Nardid V A , Gracheva A V , Romanova E S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There are three major negative factors, which constrain the potential productivity of spring wheat in the Central Region. The first is the damage of the plants inflicted by Oscinella frit. The crops being heavily pitted and their slow growth due to internal and external infection caused the second biological minimum. The third limiting factor were the spring droughts, commonplace for the Central Region. All those three factors proportionally influence the spring wheat productive stalk density. In agricultural conditions of the Central Region, the high positive correlation between spring wheat yield and number of productive stems per 1 m2 was observed. This correlation proven to be stable by years. By concentrating selection-breeding efforts on such parameter improvement, several new, highly productive varieties, which demonstrated their superiority over the standard one, were created. Thus, one of the most important principles in new Central Region spring wheat varieties development is the creation of varieties with high potential productivity, provided by higher productive stalk density (no less than 450-500 plant per 1 m2) even in different humidity conditions – in combination with other main yield structural elements.
Spring barley varieties and perspective ranges laboratory screening against artificially created salinity stress backgrounds
Authors: Eroshenko L M , Levakova O V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The results of salinity resistance assessment of 5 spring barley ranges (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grass family (Poaceae) - Yaromir, Nadezhny, Znatny, Zlatoyar, and 9 types of own plant-breeding lines which are supposed to be perspective for the future use are given in this article. NaCl impact in the concentration of 0.7 and 0.9 mPa (0.98 and 1.26% NaCl) on seed germination and morphological indicators such as length and quantity of roots, length of seedlings were studied. The salinity stress resulted in the inhibitions of the roots length and seedlings in the provocative background if to compare with the control group background samples. At the concentration of 0.7 mPa salinity resistance value varied from 62.4 to 96.6% which corresponds to 1-2 salinity resistance groups. At the concentration of 0.9 mPa salinity resistance varied from 27.9 to 80.8% which corresponds to 1-3 salinity resistance groups. The yield capacity and adaptive qualities were examined on the initial data basis. Thus, there was a correlation dependence at both of sodium chloride concentrations revealed between the yield capacity of the field experience samples and the laboratory test samples.
New prototypes of winter wheat varieties allotted for competitive testing during pre-breeding process
Authors: Lapochkina I F , Gainullin N R , Mitroshina O V , Volkova G V , Marchenkova L A , Kuzmich M A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A new original initial material of winter wheat was created by using stem rust resistant donors. The new lines resistant to leaf and stem rust were assessed under the field conditions in the North Caucasus and the Central region of the Russian Federation. Some of the resistant genotypes were assessed in laboratory conditions for abiotic stress resistance to: salinity, acidification, and prolonged flooding of seeds in water. a two-year assessment of the lines productivity in the control nursery under the conditions of the Moscow region 7 genotypes of winter wheat were identified with high and medium resistance to lodging, group resistance to fungal diseases, heading 5-7 days earlier than the standard, the optimal plant height of 90-110 cm, the average development of grain per ear and 1000 grains mass and forming good quality yield. Lines 2-19w, 9-19w, 16-19w, 36-19w, 63-19w, 90-19w, 92-19w will be tested in competitive variety testing and may be presented as prototypes of varieties for the Non-Black Earth Central Region.
Productivity of seed peas Nemchinovsky 50 in mixed crops with cereals
Authors: Mednov A V , Goncharov A V , Volpe A A , Matveenko K A , Kruk E S , Abramkina L P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Abstracts. Peas is the best-known annual legume forage crop. Creation of a new variety of seed peas Nemchinovsky 50 is a breeding approach to solve the problem of vegetable protein and the production of high-quality feed with a high protein content in grain and in concentrated feed with a high content of essential amino acids (lysine, tryptophan). The analysis of long-term data showed that under various agrometeorological conditions of environmental testing, the variety was characterized by resistance to lodging and major diseases, good productivity in comparison with the previously bred variety Nemchinovsky 100. The increase in yield was facilitated by its high productivity (laying of fertile nodes), the number of seeds in a pod (4-5 pieces), the mass of 1000 seeds is at the level of 180-190 g with a protein content in the grain about 26-28%.
The influence of abiotic stress on the crop and seed setting
Authors: Markova A S , Kabashov A D , Leibovich Ya G , Filonenko Z V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The potential productivity of an ear by the time of flowering is predetermined by the number of fertile flowers and the “planned” mass of 1000 grains - through the number of flowers with which the grain size is inversely correlated, by the resources of the shoot vegetative mass and by the possibility of realizing these resources. The influence of pinching and incomplete setting of seeds in the conditions of dry growing seasons of 2018 and 2020 for the formation of grain is considered. It was concluded that grains from the first three flowers have a predominant contribution to the productivity of a spikelet. The naked oat variety Nemchinovskiy 61 could not realize its biological potential due to abiotic stresses. Due to the incomplete seed setting, an average of 2.03 grains out of 5-6 flowers were preserved for harvesting. Reduction of flowers number in a spikelet in naked oats to two as the direction in breeding has no prospects. To increase the adaptability of naked oats to abiotic stresses, parental forms with a relatively small number of grains in a spike, which are capable to utilize precipitation, should be involved in hybridization, to increase the mass of 1000 grains.
Characteristics of soil tillage for rice after alfalfa
Authors: Magomedova D S , Magomedov N R , Kurbanov S A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the research was to study the effect of harvesting time and methods of using alfalfa biomass on soil fertility and rice yield at different times of the main tillage. Field experiments were conducted in the Kizlyar district of the Republic of Dagestan according to the scheme: 1. autumn plowing after harvesting the 3rd mowing of alfalfa 3 years of use, control; 2. the overlapping of chopped green mass of alfalfa-3rd cut alfalfa 3 years of use; 3. spring plowing after harvesting the 1st cut alfalfa 4 years of use; 4. the overlapping of chopped green mass of alfalfa 1st cut alfalfa 4 years of use. The results shown that the best time for cutting the layer of perennial alfalfa is spring plowing of the green mass of alfalfa 1 mowing, which allows you to get a yield of 6 t/ha without reducing the quality indicators of rice grain. The data on the rice yield shows that in the spring tillage the yield was 5.41 t/ha, and in the autumn tillage only 4.91 t/ha. Carrying out sideration at both terms of the main tillage contributed to an increase in yield by 0.81-1.11 t/ha.
Basic tillage techniques in the sunflower cultivation
Authors: Pleskachev Yu N , Yu Misyuryaev V , Semina N I , Semin D V , Sadovnikov M A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the arid conditions of the Nizhneje Pvovolzhje region, the farmers’ main task is to accumulate the greatest amount of moisture by the sowing crops time. This is largely facilitated by the correct choice of the basic tillage method. The results of the research carried out on Southern chestnut soils 2017-2019 were aimed at solving a complex of problems related to the development of the technology adapted to the conditions of the Volgograd region. The soil density observations in sunflower crops showed that the soil density during dump plowing by the plow PN-4-35 to the depth of 0.27-0.30 m for sunflower harvesting was 1.24 t/m3. With loosening by chisel “Rancho” to the depth of 0.35-0.37 m it was equal to 1.21 t/m3. When loosening by chisel “Rancho” to the depth of 0.35-0.37 m with a reservoir turnover of 0.15-0.17 m3 the density was 1.16 t/m3. When loosening by the chisel “Rancho” to the depth of 0.35-0.37 m with a pruning flat-cutting foot at the depth of 0.15-0.17 m it was 1.18 t/m3. The highest yield of sunflower was formed on the variant of chisel loosening by “Rancho” to the depth of 0.35-0.37 m with a reservoir turnover of 0.15-0.17 m.
The creation of a Taraxacum kok-saghyz high frequency regeneration system
Authors: Verbitskaya A A , Ivanova A S , Konkova N G , Gaponenko A K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the morphogenetic ability of Taraxacum kok-saghyz root tissues and to optimize the culture medium for the subsequent genetic transformation of plants. The effects of exogenous hormone exposure on survival, in vitro shoot induction, and root formation were studied by using root tissues. For the cultivation the samples of kok-saghyz, the Murashige-Skuga nutrient medium was used as the basis, supplemented with sucrose 20 g/l, vitamins B5 1 mg/l, and also containing agar 5.5 g/l. The pH value is 5.7. For the plant regeneration induction, growth regulators, auxins and cytokinins were added in culture media. In this study, the roots of D 1 mm and two media variants were used for comparison: variant 1. MS + 6-BAP 1 mg/l; variant 2. MS + 6-BAP 1 mg/l + IAA 0.2 mg/l. An effective protocol for the regeneration of kok-saghyz explants was developed. There was a high percentage of regeneration of 87.6% on the medium containing a combination of cytokinin and auxin, as well as a high percentage of direct shoot formation, which was 65.1%, the degree of rooting was 100%, the resulting cultured plant tissues grew well and had a high survival rate after transplantation.
Changes in the content of chlorophyll in leaves when using pesticides and microfertilizers
Authors: Zheryakov E V , Zheryakova Yu I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the ways to reduce the phytotoxicity of herbicides on cultivated plants is the use of trace element fertilizers. The article presents the results of research on the influence of liquid trace element fertilizers on the content of chlorophyll in leaves and the productivity of sugar beet. It was found that three days after the treatment of crops with herbicides together with microfertilizers, the amount of chlorophyll a and b pigments was 4% higher than when applying herbicides without microfertilizers. In the control version, where pesticides and microfertilizers were not applied, the content of chlorophyll in the leaves was 0.350% by weight. As the observations showed, the photosynthetic activity of sugar beet plants was restored 4-5 days after the treatment by herbicides. Herbicides, with the simultaneous introduction of micro-fertilizers, had a less negative effect on the photosynthesis of sugar beet than herbicides alone. The biological yield of root crops in the variant with the combined use of pesticides and microfertilizers was 56.36 t/ha. The polarization of sugar beet root crops with the combined use of pesticides and microfertilizers was 0.64% higher than in the variant without microfertilizers.
Morphology, anatomy and essential oil characterization of Pinus radiata needles in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea
Authors: Plugatar Yu V , Sakhno T M , Bulavin I V , Shevchuk O M , Feskov S A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper presents data on the dendrometric parameters, a needle anatomy and an essential oil characterization of a radiate pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea. The research was carried out on the model trees (age 70-80 years) growing in the territory of the Montedor Park. For research collected pine needles radiant cuts were made on the freezing microtome (MZ-2, Ukraine), were stained with Sudan III and examined with a light microscope Mikmed-5 (LOMO, Russia) equipped with a digital camera MS-3 (LOMO, Russia). The essential oil from the needles was extracted by hydrodistillation on Ginsberg devices and examined on a gas chromatograph 6890N (Agilent Technology, USA). The studies showed that radiata pine trees achieve their genetically determined parameters, compared to those in the nature habitats in Monterey (California, USA). A needle anatomical investigation clearly demonstrated typical structure. In the essential oil composition, predominance of monoterpenes, in particular a-and (3-pinenes with a large content of the latter was demonstrated. The peculiarity of P. radiata essential oil under the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea, compared to some other regions, was the presence of limonene, which determined the stronger coniferous smell.
Chicken droppings influence on sod-podzolic soil fertility change studying experience
Authors: Okorkov V V , Shchukin N N , Okorkova L A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of the research was to study the effect of fresh chicken droppings on the dynamics of the physical-chemical and agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soil and the yield of grain crops. In the sod-podzolic light loamy soil of the Yaroslavl region in the layer of 0-0.20 m in May, fresh chicken droppings were embedded at the dose of 120 t/ha. By autumn, in the 0-0.40 m layer of pHKc1 increased from 4.53-4.99 to 5.38-7.09, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium increased by 2.0-2.4 times, nitrate and ammonium nitrogen - 3-5 times. The content of nitrates in the soil has exceeded the Maximum Allowable Concentration level. The grain yield of the spring wheat studied varieties, triticale and barley varied from 6.7 to 9.5 t/ha, chaffy oats - from 5.7 to 5.9, hulless oats - from 4.4 to 4.6 t/ha. At the beginning of the growing season of crops in the 0-0.40 m layer, the stocks of nitrate nitrogen were close to the stocks of the autumn observation period of 2019, and ammonium nitrogen decreased by 285 kg/ha.
Drip irrigation of onions
Authors: Vybornov V V , Zaitsev V A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
From 2017 to 2020, research was conducted in the Volgograd region in order to improve the efficiency of water and mineral nutrition management of onions by justifying the calculated layer of soil moisture and agrotechnical methods of cultivation on light chestnut soils to obtain 110 t/ha of marketable products. The main objectives of the research include the rationale for the formation of the water regime of the soil and drip irrigation regimes depending on the wetted soil, the study of patterns of growth, development and yield formation of onion depending on the studied factors, economic and environmental assessment of drip irrigation technology, the quality of the bulbs, depending on the studied factors. The field experience included the following options: water regime of the soil (factor A), mineral nutrition regime (factor B), promising onion hybrids (factor C).The studies were carried out on onion crops C1 – Migros F1; C2 – Dragon F1 ; C3 - Dammica F1. Against the background of the introduction of N180P80K70, the Migros F1 hybrid provides an average of 94.3 t/ha of onions in 3 years of research, which is 16.6 t/ha more in comparison with the Dragon F1 onion; and 2.2 t/ha more in the Dammica F1 hybrid.