bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On strongly regular designs admitting fusion to strongly regular decomposition
Authors: Sankey A. D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA strongly regular decomposition of a strongly regular graph is a partition of the vertex set into two parts on which the induced subgraphs are strongly regular, or cliques or cocliques. Strongly regular designs (srd's) as defined by D. G. Higman are coherent configurations of rank 10 with two fibers in which the homogeneous configuration on each fiber is a strongly regular graph. Haemers and Higman proved the equivalence between strongly regular decompositions, excluding special cases, and srd's with certain parameter conditions. Here we obtain this result by examining the srd's that admit a fusion to a strongly regular graph on the full vertex set. We derive equivalent conditions to Theorem 2.8 of Haemers and Higman by elementary methods. Incorporating recent works of Hanaki and Klin and Reichard, a table of feasible parameter sets for this class of srd's is presented along with a discussion of known constructions. In two cases, nonexistence is observed due to nonexistence of the strongly regular graph obtained through fusion. One of these is also ruled out by Hobart's generalized Krein conditions, applied to srd's. As strongly regular decompositions of the complete graph have sparked interest with recent papers we observe that in our situation this occurs only when the constituent graphs are also complete and the design is trivial.
Row‐column factorial designs with multiple levels
Authors: Rahim Fahim , Cavenagh Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn row‐column factorial design is an arrangement of the elements of a factorial design into a rectangular array. Such an array is used in experimental design, where the rows and columns can act as blocking factors. Formally, for any integer , let . The (full) factorial design with replication is the multiset consisting of occurrences of each element of ; we denote this by . A regular row‐column factorial design is an arrangement of the elements of into an array (which we say is of type ) such that for each row (column) and fixed vector position , each element of occurs times (respectively, times). Let . We show that an array of type exists if and only if (a) and ; (b) ; (c) , and (d) if then 4 divides . Godolphin showed the above is true for the case when and are powers of 2. In the case , the above implies necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a pair of mutually orthogonal frequency rectangles (or ‐rectangles) whenever each symbol occurs the same number of times in a given row or column.
Ultrastructural and histological descriptions of the oropharyngeal cavity of the rock pigeon Columba livia dakhlae with special refer to its adaptive dietary adaptations
Authors: Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , El‐Bakary Neveen E. R. , Elbealy Eman R. , El‐Kott Attalla , Morsy Kareem , Haddad Seham S. , Madkour Naglaa , Kandyel Ramadan M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe current investigation gave a full ultrastructural and histological description of the oropharyngeal cavity of the rock‐pigeon Columba livia dakhlae. Our study carried on 10 heads of adult rock pigeons by gross, scanning, and light microscopic examination, in addition to the immunohistochemical analysis of the cytokeratin of the dorsal surface mucosa epithelium and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression (PCNA) immunoreactivity. The pointed apex of the elongated tongue covered rostrally and laterally with numerous caudally directed scales‐like papillae. The dorsal surface of the apex and body was covered with numerous caudally directed scales‐like filiform papillae. The U‐shaped transverse papillary crest carried caudally directed pointed triangular conical papillae with two giant papillae. The elevated caudal area of the lingual body contains little numbers of the opening of the lingual gland. The laryngeal mound is divided into two symmetrical halves by rostral fissure and caudal laryngeal fissure into the right and left half. There were four palatine ridges: two lateral, middle, and median ridges. The choanal field bounded by the two lateral palatine ridges and containing the median choanae. The rostral part of the palatine cleft bounded laterally by a line of the small caudally directed conical papillae, while the caudal part was free from these papillae. There was a little number of taste buds in the palate. The high magnification of the rostral part of the beak is covered with directed rods‐like projections. In conclusion, the obtained results described the adaptations of the tongue and its belonged structures with the feeding demand of the rock‐pigeon.
Implication and evaluations of indoor soot particles from domestic fuel energy sources using characterization techniques in northern Pakistan
Authors: Bibi Shah Dehrai , Baig Shams Ali , Zeb Iftikhar , Ali Maroof , Shams Dilawar Farhan , Nawab Javed , Yosifova Aneva Ina , Hussain Hidayat , Xu Xinhua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoot particles emitted from the burning of solid fuel sources in the households carry important environmental and public health implications. In this study, the indoor soot particles released from firewood, cow dung, and bagasse burning at households of selected rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan were investigated by characterization analyses to study its morphological and elemental compositions. Results demonstrated diverse compositions of soot particles from each fuel source. The surface areas of soot particles emitted by the firewood, cow dung, and bagasse were about 0.3, 0.4, and 8.64 m2 g−1, respectively. For the soot particles emitted by the firewood burning, the major functional groups for aromatic compounds were C═C at the 1,431–1,599 at 1,000–2,000 cm−1. The absorbance rate of alkanes was about 1,599–1,431 at 1,000–2,000 cm−1. However, silicon band vibration was more prominent in bagasse soot particles as compared to other samples. The emission of soot particles with high surface area in the atmosphere could provide an elevated adsorption sites for atmospheric pollution and trap more energy resulting in increased atmospheric temperature. Findings from the present study suggest that current households' fuel combustion practices significantly contribute to increase the particulate matter in the atmosphere and possible enhance climate change phenomenon and related disasters in northern Pakistan.
Spanish language concordance in genetic counseling sessions in the United States: Counselor experiences and perceptions of its effects on processes and outcomes
Authors: de Leon Amanda , McCarthy Veach Patricia , Bro Della , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrior research suggests language concordance positively affects physician–patient communication and their relationship, but few studies have investigated language concordance in genetic counseling sessions for Spanish‐speaking patients. This study explored Spanish‐speaking genetic counselors’ experiences and perceptions of the effects of Spanish language concordance on session processes and outcomes using the Reciprocal‐Engagement Model (REM) of practice as a conceptual framework. There are 17 REM goals associated with four goal factors. A secondary purpose was to explore whether perceived effects are modified when the genetic counselor identifies as Latinx. Ten Latina and nine non‐Latina Spanish‐speaking genetic counselors who practice in the U.S. participated in semi‐structured phone interviews. Directed content analysis yielded four themes reflecting how spoken language concordance promotes REM goal factors (Understanding and Appreciation, Support and Guidance, Facilitative Decision‐Making, and Patient‐Centered Education) and individual goals within each factor. Six additional themes also emerged: Patients feel grateful/relieved to have a genetic counselor who communicates directly in Spanish; Challenges are lessened (e.g., no need for an interpreter); Language interacts with other cultural similarities to achieve REM goals; Use of Spanish conveys genetic counselor is ‘going above and beyond’ for patients; Communicating medical information is difficult even when Spanish proficient; and Genetic counselor still able to achieve REM goals without language concordance. There were no apparent thematic differences between Latina and non‐Latina genetic counselors. Results suggest language concordance positively influences relationship building and communication and facilitates achievement of REM goals. Proficiency in more than one language is ‘value added’ for genetic counseling services and should be encouraged in genetic counseling graduate programs and continuing education opportunities. Future research could assess patient perceptions of genetic counseling sessions in which the genetic counselor and patient use the patient's preferred language.
Trifluralin recognition using touch‐based fingertip: Application of wearable glove‐based sensor toward environmental pollution and human health control
Authors: Farshchi Fatemeh , Saadati Arezoo , Kholafazad‐Kordasht Houman , Seidi Farzad , Hasanzadeh Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMonitoring of herbicides and pesticides in water, food, and the environment is essential for human health, and this requires low‐cost, portable devices for widespread deployment of this technology. For the first time, a wearable glove‐based electrochemical sensor based on conductive Ag nano‐ink was developed for the on‐site monitoring of trifluralin residue on the surface of various substrates. Three electrode system with optimal thicknesses was designed directly on the finger surface of a rubber glove. Then, fabricated electrochemical sensor used for the direct detection of trifluralin in the range of 0.01 μM to 1 mM on the surface of tomato and mulberry leaves using square wave voltammetry (SWV) and difference pulse voltammetry technique. The obtained LLOQ was 0.01 μM, which indicates the suitable sensitivity of this sensor. On the other hand, this sensor is portable, easy to use, and has a high environmental capability that can be effective in detecting other chemical threats in the soil and water environment.
The effect of nutritional interventions involving dietary counselling on gastrointestinal toxicities in adults receiving pelvic radiotherapy – A systematic review
Authors: Andreou Lauren , Burrows Tracy , Surjan Yolanda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) toxicities are common in patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) to the pelvis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional interventions involving dietary counselling (DC) on GI toxicities in patients receiving pelvic RT. The search method entailed two phases to retrieve studies. Articles from a previous Cochrane review by Lawrie et al. 2018 were assessed for inclusion. An updated systematic search was then conducted to retrieve articles published between 2013 and 2020 from five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Scopus). The inclusion criteria entailed randomised controlled trials involving adults ≥18 years, undergoing curative pelvic RT, receiving a nutritional intervention involving DC with or without supplements. DC was defined as written or face‐to‐face dietary advice provided before or during RT. Outcomes included GI toxicities reported by validated assessment tools. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist was utilised to assess quality and risk of bias. Of 1922 studies retrieved, 12 articles encompassing 11 individual RCTs were included. Seven studies included a supplement in addition to DC. Supplements included probiotics, prebiotics, probiotic + soluble fibre, high protein liquid supplement and fat emulsion. Of the 11 studies, one involved individualised DC, and the remaining studies prescribed consumption or avoidance of fats, fibre, lactose, protein and FODMAP. The most common toxicities reported were diarrhoea (n = 11), pain/cramping (n = 9) and bloating/flatulence (n = 5). Three studies stated an improvement in diarrhoea incidence. Results varied between studies. Further quality studies are required to assess the effectiveness of DC, in particular individualised DC on GI toxicities in patients receiving pelvic RT.
Comparison of clinical and biochemical features of hospitalized COVID‐19 and influenza pneumonia patients
Authors: Hattatoğlu Didem Görgün , Yıldız Birsen P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBoth severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza viruses cause similar clinical presentations. It is essential to assess severely ill patients presenting with a viral syndrome for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. We aimed to compare clinical and biochemical features between pneumonia patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and H1N1. Sixty patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 pneumonia and 61 patients diagnosed with influenza pneumonia were hospitalized between October 2020–January 2021 and October 2017–December 2019, respectively. All the clinical data and laboratory results, chest computed tomography scans, intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, and outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. The median age was 65 (range 32–96) years for patients with a COVID‐19 diagnosis and 58 (range 18–83) years for patients with influenza (p = 0.002). The comorbidity index was significantly higher in patients with COVID‐19 (p = 0.010). Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were statistically significantly more common in patients with COVID‐19 (p = 0.019, p = 0.008, respectively). The distribution of severe disease and mortality was not significantly different among patients with COVID‐19 than influenza patients (p = 0.096, p = 0.049).). In comparison with inflammation markers; C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher in influenza patients than patients with COVID‐19 (p = 0.033). The presence of sputum was predictive for influenza (odds ratio [OR] 0.342 [95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1.130–0.899]). CRP and platelet were also predictive for COVID‐19 (OR 4.764 [95% CI, 1.003–1.012] and OR 0.991 [95% CI 0.984–0.998], respectively. We conclude that sputum symptoms by itself are much more detected in influenza patients. Besides that, lower CRP and higher PLT count would be discriminative for COVID‐19.
Biomimetic sponges improve functional muscle recovery following composite trauma
Authors: Dunn Andrew , Haas Gabriel , Madsen Joshua , Ziemkiewicz Natalia , Au Jeffrey , Johnson David , West Charles , Chauvin Hannah , Gagyi Sara McBride , Garg Koyal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is a dearth of therapies that are safe and effective for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss (VML), defined as the surgical or traumatic loss of muscle tissue, resulting in functional impairment. To address this gap in orthopedic care, we developed a porous sponge‐like scaffold composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., gelatin, collagen, and laminin‐111) and an immunosuppressant drug, FK‐506. While the majority of VML injuries occur in orthopedic trauma cases, preclinical models typically study muscle injuries in isolation without a concomitant bone fracture. The goal of this study was to investigate the extent to which FK506 loaded biomimetic sponges support functional muscle regeneration and fracture healing in a composite trauma model involving VML injury to the tibialis anterior muscle and osteotomy (OST) to the tibia. In this model, implantation of the FK‐506 loaded biomimetic sponges limited the extent of inflammation while increasing the total number of myofibers, mean myofiber cross‐sectional area, myosin‐to‐collagen ratio, and peak isometric torque compared to untreated VML+OST muscles on Day 28. Although all tibia fractures were bridged by Day 28 post‐injury, fracture healing was impaired in response to an adjacent VML injury. Sponge treatment increased bone callus volume, yet the bridged mineralized bone volume was not significantly different. Taken together, these results suggest that biomimetic sponges primarily benefitted muscle repair and may provide a promising therapy for traumatized muscle.
Fetal Thoracic Circumference and Lung Volume and Their Relation to Fetal Size and Pulmonary Artery Blood Flow
Authors: Hilde Katarina , Lødrup Carlsen Karin C. , Bains Karen Eline Stensby , Gudmundsdóttir Hrefna Katrín , Jonassen Christine Monceyron , Kreyberg Ina , LeBlanc Marissa , Nordhagen Live , Nordlund Björn , Rehbinder Eva Maria , Sjøborg Katrine Dønvold , Skjerven Håvard Ove , Staff Anne Cathrine , Sundet Birgitte Kordt , Vettukattil Riyas , Værnesbranden Magdalena R. , Wiik Johanna , Haugen Guttorm 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveResearch on early origins of lung disease suggests the need for studying the relationships of thoracic and lung size with fetal size and pulmonary circulation. The primary aim of this study is therefore to explore the associations between fetal thoracic circumference, lung volume, and fetal size. We also aim to assess if lung volume and thoracic circumference are associated with fetal pulmonary artery blood flow velocity measures.MethodsCross‐sectional assessment of singleton pregnancies from the general population (n = 447) at 30 gestational weeks (GW) was performed using ultrasound measurement of fetal thoracic circumference, lung volume, head and abdominal circumference, and femur length. We obtained Doppler blood flow velocity measures from the proximal branches of the fetal pulmonary artery. Associations between variables were studied using Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsBoth thoracic circumference and lung volume correlated with fetal size measures, ranging from r = 0.64 between thoracic circumference and abdominal circumference, to r = 0.28 between lung volume and femur length. Adjustment for gestational age, maternal nicotine use, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, and fetal sex marginally influenced the associations with abdominal circumference. The correlations of thoracic circumference and lung volume with pulmonary artery blood flow velocity measures were weak (r ≤ 0.17).ConclusionWe found moderate to low correlation between thoracic circumference, lung volume, and fetal size at 30 GW. The closest relationship was with the abdominal circumference. We found low correlations of thoracic circumference and lung volume with pulmonary artery blood flow velocity measures.
Over‐promotion and caution in abstracts of preprints during the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Bordignon Frederique , Ermakova Liana , Noel Marianne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe abstract is known to be a promotional genre where researchers tend to exaggerate the benefit of their research and use a promotional discourse to catch the reader's attention. The COVID‐19 pandemic has prompted intensive research and has changed traditional publishing with the massive adoption of preprints by researchers. Our aim is to investigate whether the crisis and the ensuing scientific and economic competition have changed the lexical content of abstracts. We propose a comparative study of abstracts associated with preprints issued in response to the pandemic relative to abstracts produced during the closest pre‐pandemic period. We show that with the increase (on average and in percentage) of positive words (especially effective) and the slight decrease of negative words, there is a strong increase in hedge words (the most frequent of which are the modal verbs can and may). Hedge words counterbalance the excessive use of positive words and thus invite the readers, who go probably beyond the ‘usual’ audience, to be cautious with the obtained results. The abstracts of preprints urgently produced in response to the COVID‐19 crisis stand between uncertainty and over‐promotion, illustrating the balance that authors have to achieve between promoting their results and appealing for caution.
Impact of atmospheric pressure variations on methane ebullition and lake turbidity during ice‐cover
Authors: Zhao Kai , Tedford Edmund W. , Zare Marjan , Lawrence Gregory A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMethane ebullition (bubbling) from lake sediments is an important methane flux into the atmosphere. Previous studies have focused on the open‐water season, showing that temperature variations, pressure fluctuations, and wind‐induced currents can affect ebullition. However, ebullition surveys during the ice‐cover are rare despite the prevalence of seasonally ice‐covered lakes, and the factors controlling ebullition are poorly understood. Here, we present a month‐long, high frequency record of acoustic ebullition data from an ice‐covered lake. The record shows that ebullition occurs almost exclusively when atmospheric pressure drops below a threshold that is approximately equal to the long‐term average pressure. The intensity of ebullition is proportional to the amount by which the pressure drops below this threshold. In addition, field measurements of turbidity, in conjunction with laboratory experiments, provide evidence that ebullition is responsible for previously unexplained elevated levels of turbidity during ice‐cover.
Photobiomodulation with polychromatic light (600–1200 nm) improves fat graft survival by increasing adipocyte viability, neovascularization, and reducing inflammation in a rat model
Authors: Sert Gokhan , Kucukguven Arda , Zırh Elham Bahador , Demirtaş Tugrul T. , Çakar Ayşe Nur , Gümüşderelioğlu Menemşe , Calis Mert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesUnpredictability with the final volume and viability of the graft are the major concerns in fat grafting. An experimental study was conducted to increase graft retention using photobiomodulation (PBM) with polychromatic light in near‐infrared region (600–1200 nm) by utilizing its stimulatory effects on angiogenesis, neovascularization, adipocyte viability, and anti‐inflammatory properties.MethodsA total of 24 rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) according to the applied polychromatic light protocol to the recipient site (none, before fat transfer, after fat transfer, and combined). In all groups, inguinal fat pad was excised, measured for volume and weight, and transferred to the dorsum of the rat. At the end of the experiment, fat grafts were harvested from the recipient site for volume and weight measurements, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluation.ResultsIntergroup comparison revealed that fat graft retention regarding weight and volume, was significantly superior in Group IV (p = 0.049 and p = 0.043, respectively), which polychromatic light was applied both before and after transfer of the graft. Hematoxylin–eosin and Masson's trichrome stained sections showed absence of necrosis, fibrosis, inflammation, cyst formation, and increased vascularization of both inner and outer zones of the grafts in Group IV. Also, immunohistochemical staining scores for perilipin (indicator for adipocyte viability), CD31 and VEGF (indicators for angiogenesis and neovascularization) were significantly higher (p < 0.001). Ki67 scores were significantly lower in this group because of anti‐inflammatory environment (p < 0.001).ConclusionsApplication of PBM to the recipient site before and after fat transfer improved outcomes in rats at 56 day after fat grafting by means of volume retention, increased neovascularization and adipocyte viability and reduced necrosis, fibrosis and inflammation.