bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sports Practitioner’s Perspective on the Return to Play During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Next Steps
Authors: Chiampas George T. , Ibiebele Abiye L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith high profile events such as sporting and mass gathering events, recent history has revealed the importance of developing incident command structures to streamline communication, maximize coordination and establish contingencies. With the advent of COVID-19, a virus with significant human-to-human transmission and the potential for super-spreader events, there has been a brief universal cessation of sports, and the main question now is how to return to play in a way that keeps our athletes and general population healthy. This review aims to describe the core principles regarding return to play using a focus on incident command centers and disaster management. These principles include appropriate hygiene and social distancing, use of masks, rigorous monitoring and screening of symptoms, widespread testing, comprehensive contact tracing and considerations for travel and facilities. In addition, organizations need to have established scalable protocols for athletes who do contract the virus with symptom-based algorithms for length of time away from play and with screening for cardiac and pulmonary complications from COVID-19. Also, encouraging our athletes to become immunized against the virus and educating our athletes about nutrition and the relation to immune health is important as we return to play.
Cannabis and Athletic Performance
Authors: Burr Jamie F. , Cheung Christian P. , Kasper Andreas M. , Gillham Scott H. , Close Graeme L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCannabis is widely used for both recreational and medicinal purposes on a global scale. There is accumulating interest in the use of cannabis and its constituents for athletic recovery, and in some instances, performance. Amidst speculation of potential beneficial applications, the effects of cannabis and its two most abundant constituents, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), remain largely un-investigated. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the literature describing the effects of whole cannabis, THC, and CBD, on athletic performance and recovery. While investigations of whole cannabis and THC have generally shown either null or detrimental effects on exercise performance in strength and aerobic-type activities, studies of sufficient rigor and validity to conclusively declare ergogenic or ergolytic potential in athletes are lacking. The ability of cannabis and THC to perturb cardiovascular homeostasis warrants further investigation regarding mechanisms by which performance may be affected across different exercise modalities and energetic demands. In contrast to cannabis and THC, CBD has largely been scrutinized for its potential to aid in recovery. The beneficial effects of CBD on sleep quality, pain, and mild traumatic brain injury may be of particular interest to certain athletes. However, research in each of these respective areas has yet to be thoroughly investigated in athletic populations. Elucidating the effects of whole cannabis, THC, and CBD is pertinent for both researchers and practitioners given the widespread use of these products, and their potential to interact with athletes’ performance and recovery.
The Anabolic Response to Plant-Based Protein Ingestion
Authors: Pinckaers Philippe J. M. , Trommelen Jorn , Snijders Tim , van Loon Luc J. C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is a global trend of an increased interest in plant-based diets. This includes an increase in the consumption of plant-based proteins at the expense of animal-based proteins. Plant-derived proteins are now also frequently applied in sports nutrition. So far, we have learned that the ingestion of plant-derived proteins, such as soy and wheat protein, result in lower post-prandial muscle protein synthesis responses when compared with the ingestion of an equivalent amount of animal-based protein. The lesser anabolic properties of plant-based versus animal-derived proteins may be attributed to differences in their protein digestion and amino acid absorption kinetics, as well as to differences in amino acid composition between these protein sources. Most plant-based proteins have a low essential amino acid content and are often deficient in one or more specific amino acids, such as lysine and methionine. However, there are large differences in amino acid composition between various plant-derived proteins or plant-based protein sources. So far, only a few studies have directly compared the muscle protein synthetic response following the ingestion of a plant-derived protein versus a high(er) quality animal-derived protein. The proposed lower anabolic properties of plant- versus animal-derived proteins may be compensated for by (i) consuming a greater amount of the plant-derived protein or plant-based protein source to compensate for the lesser quality; (ii) using specific blends of plant-based proteins to create a more balanced amino acid profile; (iii) fortifying the plant-based protein (source) with the specific free amino acid(s) that is (are) deficient. Clinical studies are warranted to assess the anabolic properties of the various plant-derived proteins and their protein sources in vivo in humans and to identify the factors that may or may not compromise the capacity to stimulate post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates. Such work is needed to determine whether the transition towards a more plant-based diet is accompanied by a transition towards greater dietary protein intake requirements.
Primary Surgery with Systemic Therapy in Patients with de Novo Stage IV Breast Cancer: 10-year Follow-up; Protocol MF07-01 Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Soran Atilla , Ozmen Vahit , Ozbas Serdar , Karanlik Hasan , Muslumanoglu Mahmut , Igci Abdullah , Canturk Nuh Zafer , Utkan Zafer , Evrensel Turkkan , Sezgin Efe 
Published: September 2021

Background
The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the overall survival (OS) data of patients diagnosed with de novo stage IV breast cancer (BC) who received locoregional treatment (LRT) over a 10-year follow-up.

Study Design
The MF07-01 is a 1:1 multicenter, randomized clinical trial comparing the LRT with systemic therapy (ST), where ST was given to all patients either immediately after randomization or after surgical resection of the intact primary tumor.

Results
A total of 278 patients were randomized and 265 patients were in the final analysis. At 10-year follow-up, survivals were 19% (95% CI 13%–28%) and 5% (95% CI 2%–12%) in the LRT group and ST group, respectively. Median survival was 46 months for the LRT group and 35 months for the ST group, and hazard of death was 29% lower in the LRT group compared with the ST group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.71; 95% CI 0.59–0.86; p = 0.0003).

Conclusions
Patients with a diagnosis of de novo stage IV BC who underwent LRT followed by ST had a 14% higher chance of OS by the end of the 10-year follow-up compared with the patients who received only ST. The longer study follow-up revealed that LRT should be presented to patients when discussing treatment options.

Visual Abstract
Long-Term Quality of Life after Minimally Invasive vs Open Distal Pancreatectomy in the LEOPARD Randomized Trial
Authors: Korrel Maarten , Roelofs Anne , van Hilst Jony , Busch Olivier R. , Daams Freek , Festen Sebastiaan , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Klaase Joost , Luyer Misha D. , van Oijen Martijn G. , Verdonck-de Leeuw Irma M. , Besselink Marc G. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) shortens time to functional recovery and improves 30-day quality of life (QoL), as compared with open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) for nonmalignant disease. The impact of MIDP on QoL, cosmetic satisfaction, and overall major complications beyond 1-year follow-up is currently unknown.

Study Design
The Minimally Invasive Versus Open Distal Pancreatectomy (LEOPARD) trial randomized 108 patients to MIDP (laparoscopic or robotic) or ODP in 14 Dutch centers (April 2015 to March 2017). The primary outcome measure of this study was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), as assessed with the EQ-5D. QoL was assessed using subscales of the EORTC QLQ-C30, PAN-26, and a body image questionnaire. The latter included a cosmetic satisfaction score (range 3–24), and a body image score (range 5–20). Differences between MIDP and ODP for QALYs, generic, and disease-specific QoL and body image were analyzed. Missing QoL data were imputed using multiple imputation.

Results
In total, 84 patients were alive, with a median follow-up of 44 months; 62 of these patients (74%) completed the questionnaires (27 MIDP, 35 ODP). There was no significant difference in QALYs between the 2 groups (mean score 2.34 vs 2.46 years, p = 0.63), nor on the QoL subscales. Significant overall change in EQ-5D health utilities were found for both groups over time (p < 0.001). Patients in the MIDP group scored higher on cosmetic satisfaction (21 vs 14, p = 0.049). No differences between the 2 groups were observed for clinical outcomes such as major complications, readmissions, and incisional hernias.

Conclusions
More than 3 years after distal pancreatectomy, no improvement in QALYs and overall QoL was seen after MIDP, whereas cosmetic satisfaction was higher after MIDP as compared with ODP.

Visual Abstract
Reducing Operating Room Cost: Comparing Attending and Surgical Trainee Perceptions About the Implementation of Supply Receipts
Authors: Kushner Bradley S. , Hall Bruce , Pierce Andrew , Mody Jessica , Guth Rebecca M. , Martin Jackie , Blatnik Jeffrey A. , Eckhouse Shaina R. 
Published: September 2021

Background
As operating room (OR) expenditures increase, faculty and surgical trainees will play a key role in curbing future costs. However, supply cost utilization varies widely among providers and, despite requirements for cost education during surgical training, little is known about trainees’ comfort discussing these topics. To improve OR cost transparency, our institution began delivering real-time supply “receipts” to faculty and trainees after each surgical case. This study compares faculty and surgical trainees’ perceptions about supply receipts and their effect on individual practice and cultural change.

Study Design
Faculty and surgical trainees (residents and fellows) from all adult surgical specialties at a large academic center were emailed separate surveys.

Results
A total of 120 faculty (30.0% response rate) and 119 trainees (35.7% response rate) completed the survey. Compared with trainees, faculty are more confident discussing OR costs (p < 0.001). Two-thirds of trainees report discussing OR costs with faculty as opposed to 77.0% of faculty who acknowledge having these conversations (p = 0.08). Both groups showed a strong commitment to reduce OR expenditures, with 87.3% of faculty and 90.0% of trainees expressing a responsibility to curb OR costs (p = 0.84). After 1 year of implementation, faculty continue to have high interest levels in supply receipts (82.4%) and many surgeons review them after each case (67.7%). In addition, 74.3% of faculty are now aware of how to lower OR costs and 52.5% have changed the OR supplies they use. Trainees, in particular, desire additional cost-reducing efforts at our institution (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Supply receipts have been well received and have led to meaningful cultural changes. However, trainees are less confident discussing these issues and desire a greater emphasis on OR cost in their curriculum.

Visual Abstract
Increasing Engagement for Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Way to Play: A Preliminary Investigation of the Adult Training Program
Authors: Beaumont Dervla , Blakey Tanya , Stuart Neil , Woodward Julia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWay to Play is an approach that supports adults to promote the engagement of young children with autism spectrum disorder through play. The Ministry of Education in New Zealand has collaborated with Autism New Zealand to ensure the sustainable delivery of Way to Play within Auckland’s early learning services by training early intervention staff to both use Way to Play and to coach and support other adults in its use. Key strategies that form the foundation of Way to Play are described, and an outline of the evidence base for these strategies is provided. Preliminary data demonstrate the effectiveness of the training approach and the perceived impact for young children with autism and their parents/carers and teachers. Case examples illustrate how Way to Play is used across home and educational settings to successfully support the engagement and inclusion of young children with autism. Suggestions are made for a comprehensive investigation of program effectiveness.
ON A PROBLEM OF RICHARD GUY
Authors: THO NGUYEN XUAN 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the 1993 Western Number Theory Conference, Richard Guy proposed Problem 93:31, which asks for integers n representable by
${(x+y+z)^3}/{xyz}$
, where
$x,\,y,\,z$
are integers, preferably with positive integer solutions. We show that the representation
$n={(x+y+z)^3}/{xyz}$
is impossible in positive integers
$x,\,y,\,z$
if
$n=4^{k}(a^2+b^2)$
, where
$k,\,a,\,b\in \mathbb {Z}^{+}$
are such that
$k\geq 3$
and
$2\nmid a+b$
.
Association between diet quality index, food and nutrient intake and metabolic parameters in adolescents from Recife, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Tomiya Marília Tokiko Oliveira , Cabral Poliana Coelho , de Arruda Ilma Kruze Grande , da Silva Diniz Alcides 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNutritional studies shifted the focus of attention to the analysis of food quality, addressing general diet considering the foods, food groups and nutrients included. This study evaluates the association between diet quality index, food and nutrient intake and metabolic parameters of adolescents from Recife, northeastern Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study involving adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. Food intake was assessed using the FFQ to estimate the adapted Diet Quality Index for Adolescents for Brazilians (DQIA-BR-A). The analysis included metabolic parameters (glucose, lipid profile, apo A1 and B, α-1-acid glycoprotein, retinol, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathormone). Multiple linear regression analysis between the DQIA-BR-A and daily nutrient intake showed a positive correlation (R2adjusted = 0·29) for linoleic fatty acid, Ca and folate and a negative correlation for oleic fatty acid, carbohydrates and vitamins B2 and C, in addition to a low correlation (R2adjusted < 0·07) with all metabolic parameters. However, the DQIA-BR-A correlated significantly (R2adjusted = 0·62; P < 0·001) with food intake. In this way, the DQIA-BR-A can be considered as an accurate and useful instrument for assessing the overall quality of adolescent diets. The diet of the adolescents was considered to be of moderate quality. Changes are required to ensure a balanced diet, considering the high-sugar intake and consumption of sweets as well as the low consumption of vegetables, milk and dairy products, oils, fats and seeds. Such changes should prioritise the consumption of foods rich in essential fatty acids and poor in saturated fat.
“Be Their Advocate”: Families’ Experience with a Relative in LTC during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dupuis-Blanchard Suzanne , Maillet Danica , Thériault Danielle , LeBlanc Félix , Bigonnesse Catherine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, strict visitor restrictions were issued for long-term care facilities (LTCFs). A year later, restrictions are still in place and they continue to impact family members who have limited or no in-person contact with their relative in LTCFs. The goal of this qualitative longitudinal focused ethnography was to understand the experience of family members who have a relative in a LTCF where visiting has been restricted during the pandemic. Seventeen family members participated in two interviews that were 6 months apart. Data analysis highlighted five key drivers, defined as the workforce, communication deficits, characteristics of care, public health directives, and autonomy of relative which in turn resulted in three main themes: psychological distress, surveillance, and visiting challenges. This study provides a glimpse into the difficult experiences of families with a relative residing in a LTCF in the province of New Brunswick.
Gender Gap in Political Science: An Analysis of the Scientific Publications and Career Paths of Italian Political Scientists
Authors: Cellini Marco 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThis article assesses whether a gender gap in political science, identified in the international literature, also is present in the context of Italian political science. The literature has mostly centered on the comparison of female publication rates in international journals with the academic workforce in the United States, but this raises an issue of data comparability. As an alternative strategy to avoid comparability biases, this study focuses on the analysis of a single national case: Italy. The article evaluates to what extent the “glass-ceiling” effect persists for political scientists who intend to publish their contributions. By analyzing data on articles published between 2015 and 2020 by the three major Italian political science journals, this contribution shows that (1) the proportion of published articles written by female authors is lower than that of male authors; (2) the hypothesis that the lower female proportion depends on a lower female presence in the field of political science is refuted; (3) there is little collaboration between men and women; (4) there is a correlation between the presence of female editors in scientific journals and the proportion of female-authored articles; and (5) gender differences are reflected in women’s academic career progression.
Estimating the Additive Heritability of Historiometric Eminence in a Super-Pedigree Comprised of Four Prominent Families
Authors: Woodley Michael A. , Peñaherrera-Aguirre Mateo , Sarraf Matthew A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBy merging analytical approaches from the fields of historiometrics and behavior genetics, a social pedigree-based estimate of the heritability of eminence is generated. Eminent individuals are identified using the Pantheon dataset. A single super-pedigree, comprised of four prominent and interrelated families (including the Wedgwood–Darwin, Arnold–Huxley, Keynes-Baha’u’lláh, and Benn-Rutherford pedigrees) is assembled, containing 30 eminent individuals out of 301 in total. Each eminent individual in the super-pedigree is assigned a relative measure of historical eminence (scaled from 1 to 100) with noneminent individuals assigned a score of 0. Utilizing a Bayesian pedigree-based heritability estimation procedure employing an informed prior, an additive heritability of eminence of .507 (95% CI [.434, .578]) was found. The finding that eminence is additively heritable is consistent with expectations from behavior-genetic studies of factors that are thought to underlie extraordinary accomplishment, which indicate that they are substantially additively heritable. Owing to the limited types of intermarriage present in the data, it was not possible to estimate the impact of nonadditive genetic contributions to heritability. Gene-by-environment interactions could not be estimated in the present analysis either; therefore, the finding that eminence is simply a function of additive genetic and nonshared environmental variance should be interpreted cautiously.
Orientation Averaged Visible/Near‐Infrared and Mid‐Infrared Optical Constants of Hydrous Ca‐Sulfates: Gypsum and Bassanite
Authors: Ye Cheng , Sklute Elizabeth C. , Glotch Timothy D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe hydrous Ca‐sulfates, gypsum and bassanite, have been detected on Mars using both visible/near‐infrared (VNIR) remote sensing measurements and in‐situ rover‐based mineralogical measurements. Understanding the distributions and abundances of minerals on the Martian surface from remote sensing data is important in evaluating ancient Martian environments. Optical constants are critical input parameters in radiative transfer theory, which allows for the extraction of mineral abundances from a mixture spectrum. We have derived VNIR (0.35–2.5 μm, at 10 nm spectral sampling) optical constants of gypsum and bassanite powders using radiative transfer theory and laboratory reflectance spectra of separated size fractions as well as multiple phase angles. In addition, the MIR (2.5–25 μm, or 4,000–400 cm−1, at 2 cm−1spectral sampling) orientation averaged optical constants of gypsum and bassanite were generated using the classical Lorentz‐Lorenz dispersion theory. We compare the optical constants of gypsum derived in this work with previously published estimates and note both similarities and differences. The optical constants derived in this work will assist in modeling VNIR reflectance spectra and quantifying mineral abundances from mineral mixtures.
The Divergent Estimates of Diffuse Radiation Effects on Gross Primary Production of Forest Ecosystems Using Light‐Use Efficiency Models
Authors: Liu Qiaozhen , Zhang Zhaoyang , Fan Meng , Wang Quan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiffuse radiation can promote the vegetation photosynthesis. Radiation use efficiency (RUE = GPP/PAR) simulated by Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Flux GPP Model (TEC), Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM), Eddy Covariance Light Use Efficiency Model (EC‐LUE), and Diffuse Fraction‐Based Two‐Leaf Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Flux Model (DTEC) models were against the measured radiation‐use efficiency (RUE) from FLUXNET under different bins of diffuse photosynthetically active radiation fraction (FDIFFPAR) in this study. Our results showed that the observed RUE increased linearly with FDIFFPAR. The differences of RUE between the first bin and other bin (RUEbin) from two big‐leaf models were underestimated when the FDIFFPAR is higher than 0.5 except in evergreen broadleaf forests and RUEbin from the DTEC model was overestimated when the FDIFFPAR is higher than 0.7. The role of temperature and vapor pressure deficit in the diffuse radiation effects on vegetation photosynthesis was underestimated in EC‐LUE, TEC, VPM. Although many studies applied LUE models to assess the effects of diffuse radiation on vegetation photosynthesis, our results suggested that these models were needed to be improved.
Sensitivity of Total Column Ozone to Stratospheric Sulfur Injection Strategies
Authors: Tilmes S. , Richter J. H. , Kravitz B. , MacMartin D. G. , Glanville A. S. , Visioni D. , Kinnison D. E. , Müller R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe explore the impact of different stratospheric sulfur injection strategies to counter greenhouse gas induced warming on total column ozone (TCO), including high and low altitude injections at four latitudes, equatorial injections, and using a configuration with higher vertical resolution, based on a state‐of‐the‐art Earth system model. The experiments maintain global surface temperatures at 2020 conditions, while following the unmitigated future scenario. Within the first 10 years of the injection, we find an abrupt deepening of the Antarctic ozone hole by 8%–20% and changes up to 5% for other regions and seasons. The ozone hole recovery is delayed by ∼25 to over 55 years, with the fastest recovery for low‐altitude injections and slowest for equatorial injections. Mid to high‐latitude TCO increases by 15% in Northern Hemisphere winter and spring between 2010–2019 and 2080–2089 due to both increasing greenhouse gases and increasing sulfur injections. Implications for ecosystems need to be investigated.