bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionospheric F‐Layer Scintillation Variabilities Over the American Sector During Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events
Authors: Ye Hailun , Xue Xianghui , Yu Tao , Sun Yang‐Yi , Yi Wen , Long Chi , Zhang Weifan , Dou Xiankang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study investigates the ionospheric F‐layer scintillation responses in the American sector (90°W–0°, ±50° dip latitude) during the Northern Hemisphere winter sudden stratospheric warming events of 2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2009–2010, and 2012–2013. The scintillation data used in this work are obtained from the radio occultation observations of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission. The important results of this study are described as follows: the occurrence altitude and rate of ionospheric F‐layer scintillation over the American sector decrease by an average of 13.48 km and 17%, respectively, during the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) periods compared with the pre‐SSW periods. We find that ionospheric F‐layer scintillation over the American sector shows similar inhibitory responses to each SSW event, although these SSW events have diversities in some aspects, such as SSW types and solar and geomagnetic activities. To our knowledge, this study is the first to discover that an SSW event under low solar activity, including a minor warming event, can obviously affect the generation of ionospheric irregularities. Additionally, the types of SSW events may influence the decrease in altitude but not the occurrence rate. The decreased plasma vertical drift during prereversal enhancement, together with the changed meridional wind, are the possible mechanisms for the above results. In addition, we find that the enhanced planetary wave and lunar semidiurnal tide activities may be responsible for the decreases in the occurrence rate of ionospheric F‐layer scintillation before the peak warming of the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 SSW events.
Intraseasonal‐to‐Interannual Analysis of Discharge and Suspended Sediment Concentration Time‐Series of the Upper Changjiang (Yangtze River)
Authors: Juez C. , Garijo N. , Hassan M. A. , Nadal‐Romero E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSediment transport is the main driver of the channel morphology and landscape evolution, with implications for chemical and biological river processes, and human‐related activities. Understanding the processes governing the relations between discharge and suspended sediments is essential for the management of river catchments and river networks. Here, we use the method of wavelet transformation to identify the time‐scale dependency of suspended sediment patterns concerning the temporally and spatially uneven transient processes of sediment production, accumulation, and transport. We analyze the temporal variation of concurrent discharge and suspended sediment fluxes for the Upper Changjiang (Yangtze River, China) at Pingshan station by using a long‐term database collected for over 50 years. Furthermore, we bridge the limitations of pure predictive models to learn from temporal data structures with the main purpose of identifying the mechanisms underpinning the suspended sediment patterns (e.g., climatic forces). Intraseasonal‐to‐seasonal, annual, and inter‐annual dominant time‐scales are thus identified. The short time‐scales are driven by the bi‐modal seasonal precipitation pattern specific to the climate of the region and provide a continuous supply of sediments to the river. The large time‐scales, controlled by high magnitude flow events and within‐reach sediment storage, display alternating periods of increasing and decreasing sediment fluxes; ultimately, they maintain the river channel within balance or within a moderate positive sediment accumulation process. This analysis and methodology help to understand temporal sediment dynamics, and ultimately to manage river catchments.
A Guide to Using GitHub for Developing and Versioning Data Standards and Reporting Formats
Authors: Crystal‐Ornelas Robert , Varadharajan Charuleka , Bond‐Lamberty Ben , Boye Kristin , Burrus Madison , Cholia Shreyas , Crow Michael , Damerow Joan , Devarakonda Ranjeet , Ely Kim S. , Goldman Amy , Heinz Susan , Hendrix Valerie , Kakalia Zarine , Pennington Stephanie C. , Robles Emily , Rogers Alistair , Simmonds Maegen , Velliquette Terri , Weierbach Helen , Weisenhorn Pamela , Welch Jessica N. , Agarwal Deborah A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractData standardization combined with descriptive metadata facilitate data reuse, which is the ultimate goal of the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles. Community data or metadata standards are increasingly created through an approach that emphasizes collaboration between various stakeholders. Such an approach requires platforms for collaboration on the development process that centers on sharing information and receiving feedback. Our objective in this study was to conduct a systematic review to identify data standards and reporting formats that use version control for developing data standards and to summarize common practices, particularly in earth and environmental sciences. Out of 108 data standards and reporting formats identified in our review, 32 used GitHub as the version control platform, and no other platforms were used. We found no universally accepted methodology for developing and publishing data standards. Many GitHub repositories did not use key features that could help developers to gather user feedback, or to create and revise standards that build on previous work. We provide guidance for community‐driven standard development and associated documentation on GitHub based on a systematic review of existing practices.
The Climates of Earth’s Next Supercontinent: Effects of Tectonics, Rotation Rate, and Insolation
Authors: Way M. J. , Davies H. S. , Duarte J. C. , Green J. A. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe explore two possible Earth climate scenarios, 200 and 250 million years into the future, using projections of the evolution of plate tectonics, solar luminosity, and rotation rate. In one scenario, a supercontinent forms at low latitudes, whereas in the other it forms at high northern latitudes with an Antarctic subcontinent remaining at the south pole. The climates between these two end points are quite stark, with differences in mean surface temperatures approaching several degrees. The main factor in these differences is related to the topographic height of the high latitude supercontinents where higher elevations promote snowfall and subsequent higher planetary albedos. These results demonstrate the need to consider multiple boundary conditions when simulating Earth‐like exoplanetary climates.
Slip‐Rate on the Main Köpetdag (Kopeh Dagh) Strike‐Slip Fault, Turkmenistan, and the Active Tectonics of the South Caspian
Authors: Walker R. T. , Bezmenov Y. , Begenjev G. , Carolin S. , Dodds N. , Gruetzner C. , Jackson J. A. , Mirzin R. , Mousavi Z. , Rhodes E. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe provide the first measurement of strike‐slip and shortening rates across the 200‐km‐long right‐lateral strike‐slip Main Köpetdag Fault (MKDF) in Turkmenistan. Strike‐slip and shortening components are accommodated on parallel structures separated by ∼10 km. Using Infra‐red‐stimulated luminescence and reconstruction of offset alluvial fans we find a right‐lateral rate of 9.1 ± 1.3 mm/yr averaged over 100 ± 5 ka, and a shortening rate of only ∼0.3 mm/yr averaged over 35 ± 4 ka across the frontal thrust, though additional shortening is likely to be accommodated locally by folding and faulting, and regionally within the eastern Caspian lowlands to its south. The MKDF is estimated to have ∼35 km of cumulative right‐lateral slip which, if these geological measurements are correct, would accumulate in only 3–5 Ma at the rate we have determined, suggesting that the present tectonic configuration started within that time period. We use the MKDF slip‐rate to form a velocity triangle, from which we estimate the Iran‐South Caspian and Eurasia‐South Caspian shortening rates, and show that the South Caspian Basin moves at 10.4 ± 1.1 mm/yr in direction 333° ± 5 relative to Eurasia and at 4.8 ± 0.8 mm/yr in direction 236° ± 14 relative to Iran. In contrast to both the eastern Köpetdag and the Caspian lowlands the MKDF has little recent or historical seismicity. The rapid slip‐rate estimated here suggests that it is a zone of high earthquake hazard.
Neuroplastin in human cognition: review of literature and future perspectives
Authors: Ilic Katarina , Mlinac-Jerkovic Kristina , Sedmak Goran , Rosenzweig Ivana , Kalanj-Bognar Svjetlana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSynaptic glycoprotein neuroplastin is involved in synaptic plasticity and complex molecular events underlying learning and memory. Studies in mice and rats suggest that neuroplastin is essential for cognition, as it is needed for long-term potentiation and associative memory formation. Recently, it was found that some of the effects of neuroplastin are related to regulation of calcium homeostasis through interactions with plasma membrane calcium ATPases. Neuroplastin is increasingly seen as a key factor in complex brain functions, but studies in humans remain scarce. Here we summarize present knowledge about neuroplastin in human tissues and argue its genetic association with cortical thickness, intelligence, schizophrenia, and autism; specific immunolocalization depicting hippocampal trisynaptic pathway; potential role in tissue compensatory response in neurodegeneration; and high, almost housekeeping, level of spatio-temporal gene expression in the human brain. We also propose that neuroplastin acts as a housekeeper of neuroplasticity, and that it may be considered as an important novel cognition-related molecule in humans. Several promising directions for future investigations are suggested, which may complete our understanding of neuroplastin actions in molecular basis of human cognition.
Erlotinib protests against LPS-induced parthanatos through inhibiting macrophage surface TLR4 expression
Authors: Xue Qiong , Liu Xiaolei , Chen Cuiping , Zhang Xuedi , Xie Pengyun , Liu Yupin , Zhou Shuangnan , Tang Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSepsis is a life-threatening cascading systemic inflammatory response syndrome on account of serve infection. In inflamed tissues, activated macrophages generate large amounts of inflammatory cytokines reactive species, and are exposed to the damaging effects of reactive species. However, comparing with necroptosis and pyroptosis, so far, there are few studies focusing on the overproduction-related cell death, such as parthanatos in macrophage during sepsis. In LPS-treated macrophage, we observed PARP-1 activation, PAR formation and AIF translocation. All these phenomena could be inhibited by both erlotinib and 3-AB, indicating the presence of parthanatos in endotoxemia. We further found that LPS induced the increase of cell surface TLR4 expression responsible for the production of ROS and subsequent parthanatos in endotoxemia. All these results shed a new light on how TLR4 regulating the activation of PARP-1 by LPS in macrophage.
Inflammation as a diagnostic criterion in the GLIM definition of malnutrition—what CRP-threshold relates to reduced food intake in older patients with acute disease?
Authors: Pourhassan Maryam , Cederholm Tommy , Trampisch Ulrike , Volkert Dorothee , Wirth Rainer 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background/objectives
In the recently introduced GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition (Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition), details of how to classify inflammation as an etiologic criterion are lacking. This study aimed to determine at what level of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) the risk of low food intake increases in acutely ill older hospitalized patients.

Subjects/methods
A total of 377 patients, who were consecutively admitted to a geriatric acute care ward, were analyzed. Nutritional intake was determined using the food intake item of Nutritional Risk Screening and the plate diagram method and patients were grouped into three categories as >75%, 50–75% and ≤50% of requirements. CRP was analyzed according to standard procedures and patients were classified into different CRP groups as follows: 0.0–0.99 mg/dl, 1.0–1.99 mg/dl, 2.0–2.99 mg/dl, 3.0–4.99 mg/dl, 5.0–9.99 mg/dl and ≥10.0 mg/dl.

Results
Of the total population (mean age of 82.2 ± 6.6 years; 241 females), 82 (22%) had intake <50% of requirements and 126 (33%) demonstrated moderate to severe inflammation. Patients with food intake <50% of requirements had a significantly higher median CRP level compared to patients with food intake >75% of requirements (P < 0.001). The group with serum-CRP levels above 3.0 mg/dl had a markedly higher proportion of patients with low food intake; i.e., <50% and <75% of the requirements.

Conclusion
A serum-CRP of 3.0 mg/dl appears to be a reasonable threshold of acute inflammation leading to reduced food intake to serve as an orientation with regard to the inflammation criterion of the GLIM diagnosis in acutely ill older patients.
Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy: the Qatari experience
Authors: Ali Hossamaldein Gaber , Ibrahim Khalid , Elsaid Mahmoud Fawzi , Mohamed Reem Babiker , Abeidah Mahmoud I. A. , Al Rawwas Azhar Othman , Elshafey Khaled , Almulla Hajer , El-Akouri Karen , Almulla Mariam , Othman Amna , Musa Sara , Al-Mesaifri Fatma , Ali Rehab , Shahbeck Noora , Al-Mureikhi Mariam , Alsulaiman Reem , Alkaabi Saad , Ben-Omran Tawfeg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by hypotonia, progressive muscle weakness, and wasting. Onasemnogene abeparvovec (Zolgensma®) is a novel gene therapy medicine, FDA-approved in May 2019 for the treatment of SMA. This study aimed to describe Qatari experience with onasemnogene abeparvovec by reviewing the clinical outcomes of 9 SMA children (7 SMA type 1 and 2 with SMA type 2) aged 4‒23 months treated between November 2019 and July 2020. Children <2 years with 5q SMA with a bi-allelic mutation in the SMN1 gene were eligible for gene therapy. Liver function (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and total bilirubin), platelet count, coagulation profile, troponin-I levels, and motor scores (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders [CHOP INTEND]), were regularly monitored following gene therapy. All patients experienced elevated AST or ALT, two experienced high prothrombin time, and one experienced elevated bilirubin; all of these patients were asymptomatic. Furthermore, one event of vomiting after infusion was reported in one patient. Significant improvements in CHOP INTEND scores were observed following therapy. This study describes the short-term outcomes and safety of onasemnogene abeparvovec, which is well tolerated and shows promise for early efficacy.
High energy barriers for edge dislocation motion in body-centered cubic high entropy alloys
Authors: Kubilay R. E. , Ghafarollahi A. , Maresca F. , Curtin W. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent theory proposes that edge dislocations in random body-centered cubic (BCC) high entropy alloys have high barriers for motion, conveying high strengths up to high temperatures. Here, the energy barriers for edge motion are computed for two model alloys, NbTaV and MoNbTaW as represented by interatomic potentials, using the Nudged Elastic Band method and compared to theoretical predictions. The average magnitude of the barriers and the average spacing of the barriers along the glide direction agree well with the analytical theory, with no adjustable parameters. The evolution of the barriers versus applied stress is modeled, and the mean strength is in reasonable agreement with the predicted zero-temperature strength. These findings validate the analytic theory. A reduced analytic model based on solute misfit volumes is then applied to Hf-Mo-Nb-Ta-Ti-Zr and Mo-Nb-Ta-Ti-V-W alloys, rationalizing the observed significant strength increases at room temperature and 1000 ∘C upon addition of solutes with large misfit into a base alloy. The analytic theory for edge motion is thus a powerful validated tool for guiding alloy selection.
Incidental findings from cancer next generation sequencing panels
Authors: Maani Nika , Panabaker Karen , McCuaig Jeanna M. , Buckley Kathleen , Semotiuk Kara , Farncombe Kirsten M. , Ainsworth Peter , Panchal Seema , Sadikovic Bekim , Armel Susan Randall , Lin Hanxin , Kim Raymond H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNext-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have facilitated multi-gene panel (MGP) testing to detect germline DNA variants in hereditary cancer patients. This sensitive technique can uncover unexpected, non-germline incidental findings indicative of mosaicism, clonal hematopoiesis (CH), or hematologic malignancies. A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify cases of incidental findings from NGS-MGP testing. Inclusion criteria included: 1) multiple pathogenic variants in the same patient; 2) pathogenic variants at a low allele fraction; and/or 3) the presence of pathogenic variants not consistent with family history. Secondary tissue analysis, complete blood count (CBC) and medical record review were conducted to further delineate the etiology of the pathogenic variants. Of 6060 NGS-MGP tests, 24 cases fulfilling our inclusion criteria were identified. Pathogenic variants were detected in TP53, ATM, CHEK2, BRCA1 and APC. 18/24 (75.0%) patients were classified as CH, 3/24 (12.5%) as mosaic, 2/24 (8.3%) related to a hematologic malignancy, and 1/24 (4.2%) as true germline. We describe a case-specific workflow to identify and interpret the nature of incidental findings on NGS-MGP. This workflow will provide oncology and genetic clinics a practical guide for the management and counselling of patients with unexpected NGS-MGP findings.
Time-varying quantum channel models for superconducting qubits
Authors: Etxezarreta Martinez Josu , Fuentes Patricio , Crespo Pedro , Garcia-Frias Javier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe decoherence effects experienced by the qubits of a quantum processor are generally characterized using the amplitude damping time (T1) and the dephasing time (T2). Quantum channel models that exist at the time of writing assume that these parameters are fixed and invariant. However, recent experimental studies have shown that they exhibit a time-varying (TV) behaviour. These time-dependant fluctuations of T1 and T2, which become even more pronounced in the case of superconducting qubits, imply that conventional static quantum channel models do not capture the noise dynamics experienced by realistic qubits with sufficient precision. In this article, we study how the fluctuations of T1 and T2 can be included in quantum channel models. We propose the idea of time-varying quantum channel (TVQC) models, and we show how they provide a more realistic portrayal of decoherence effects than static models in some instances. We also discuss the divergence that exists between TVQCs and their static counterparts by means of a metric known as the diamond norm. In many circumstances this divergence can be significant, which indicates that the time-dependent nature of decoherence must be considered, in order to construct models that capture the real nature of quantum devices.
Describing chain-like assembly of ethoxygroup-functionalized organic molecules on Au(111) using high-throughput simulations
Authors: Lokamani  , Kelling Jeffrey , Ohmann Robin , Meyer Jörg , Kühne Tim , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Wolf Jannic , Juckeland Guido , Huhn Thomas , Zahn Peter , Moresco Francesca , Gemming Sibylle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to the low corrugation of the Au(111) surface, 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)-2,5-bis(ethoxy)benzene (PEEB) molecules can form quasi interlocked lateral patterns, which are observed in scanning tunneling microscopy experiments at low temperatures. We demonstrate a multi-dimensional clustering approach to quantify the anisotropic pair-wise interaction of molecules and explain these patterns. We perform high-throughput calculations to evaluate an energy function, which incorporates the adsorption energy of single PEEB molecules on the metal surface and the intermolecular interaction energy of a pair of PEEB molecules. The analysis of the energy function reveals, that, depending on coverage density, specific types of pattern are preferred which can potentially be exploited to form one-dimensional molecular wires on Au(111).
Lethal coalitionary attacks of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) on gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the wild
Authors: Southern Lara M. , Deschner Tobias , Pika Simone 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntraspecies violence, including lethal interactions, is a relatively common phenomenon in mammals. Contrarily, interspecies violence has mainly been investigated in the context of predation and received most research attention in carnivores. Here, we provide the first information of two lethal coalitionary attacks of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) on another hominid species, western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), that occur sympatrically in the Loango National Park in Gabon. In both events, the chimpanzees significantly outnumbered the gorillas and victims were infant gorillas. We discuss these observations in light of the two most widely accepted theoretical explanations for interspecific lethal violence, predation and competition, and combinations of the two-intraguild predation and interspecific killing. Given these events meet conditions proposed to trigger coalitional killing of neighbours in chimpanzees, we also discuss them in light of chimpanzees’ intraspecific interactions and territorial nature. Our findings may spur further research into the complexity of interspecies interactions. In addition, they may aid in combining field data from extant models with the Pliocene hominid fossil record to better understand behavioural adaptations and interspecific killing in the hominin lineage.
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) status in severe preeclampsia and preterm birth: a cross sectional study
Authors: Irwinda Rima , Hiksas Rabbania , Siregar Aprilia Asthasari , Saroyo Yudianto Budi , Wibowo Noroyono 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLong-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LCPUFA) is essential throughout pregnancy, since deficiency of LPUFA may linked to obstetrical complications. This study aimed to investigate LCPUFA status in severe preeclampsia and preterm birth. A cross sectional study was conducted in 104 pregnant women, which divided into normal pregnancy, severe preeclampsia and preterm birth groups. Serum percentage and concentration of total LCPUFA, omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), omega-6, linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Severe preeclampsia showed the highest concentration of total PUFA and the lowest DHA percentage, with significantly higher Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio (p = 0.004) and lower omega-3 index (p < 0.002) compared to control. Preterm birth showed the least omega-3 concentrations, with significantly low omega-6 derivates (LA (p = 0.014) and AA (p = 0.025)) compared to control. LCPUFA parameters have shown to increase the risk in both conditions, particularly ALA ≤ 53 µmol/L in preeclampsia with OR 5.44, 95%CI 1.16–25.42 and preterm birth with OR 4.68, 95%CI 1.52–14.38. These findings suggest that severe preeclampsia and preterm birth have an imbalance in LCPUFA status.