bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-17/IL-17 Receptor Pathway–Mediated Inflammatory Response in Apostichopus japonicus Supports the Conserved Functions of Cytokines in Invertebrates
Authors: Lv Zhimeng , Guo Ming , Zhao Xuelin , Shao Yina , Zhang Weiwei , Li Chenghua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Inflammation participates in host defenses against infectious agents and contributes to the pathophysiology of many diseases. IL-17 is a well-known proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to various aspects of inflammation in vertebrates. However, the functional role of invertebrate IL-17 in inflammatory regulation is not well understood. In this study, we first established an inflammatory model in the Vibrio splendidus–challenged sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Echinodermata). Typical inflammatory symptoms, such as increased coelomocyte infiltration, tissue vacuoles, and tissue fractures, were observed in the V. splendidus–infected and diseased tissue of the body wall. Interestingly, A. japonicus IL-17 (AjIL-17) expression in the body wall and coelomocytes was positively correlated with the development of inflammation. The administration of purified recombinant AjIL-17 protein also directly promoted inflammation in A. japonicus. Through genome searches and ZDOCK prediction, a novel IL-17R counterpart containing FNIII and hypothetical TIR domains was identified in the sea cucumber genome. Coimmunoprecipitation, far-Western blotting, and laser confocal microscopy confirmed that AjIL-17R could bind AjIL-17. A subsequent cross-linking assay revealed that the AjIL-17 dimer mediates the inflammatory response by the specific binding of dimeric AjIL-17R upon pathogen infection. Moreover, silencing AjIL-17R significantly attenuated the LPS- or exogenous AjIL-17–mediated inflammatory response. Functional analysis revealed that AjIL-17/AjIL-17R modulated inflammatory responses by promoting A. japonicus TRAF6 ubiquitination and p65 nuclear translocation and evenly mediated coelomocyte proliferation and migration. Taken together, our results provide functional evidence that IL-17 is a conserved cytokine in invertebrates and vertebrates associated with inflammatory regulation via the IL-17–IL-17R–TRAF6 axis.
Nemo-Dependent, ATM-Mediated Signals from RAG DNA Breaks at Igk Feedback Inhibit V
κ Recombination to Enforce Igκ Allelic Exclusion
Authors: Glynn Rebecca A , Bassing Craig H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Monoallelic AgR gene expression underlies specific adaptive immune responses. AgR allelic exclusion is achieved by sequential initiation of V(D)J recombination between alleles and resultant protein from one allele signaling to prevent recombination of the other. The ATM kinase, a regulator of the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response, helps enforce allelic exclusion through undetermined mechanisms. ATM promotes repair of RAG1/RAG2 (RAG) endonuclease-induced DSBs and transduces signals from RAG DSBs during Igk gene rearrangement on one allele to transiently inhibit RAG1 protein expression, Igk accessibility, and RAG cleavage of the other allele. Yet, the relative contributions of ATM functions in DSB repair versus signaling to enforce AgR allelic exclusion remain undetermined. In this study, we demonstrate that inactivation in mouse pre–B cells of the NF-κB essential modulator (Nemo) protein, an effector of ATM signaling, diminishes RAG DSB–triggered repression of Rag1/Rag2 transcription and Igk accessibility but does not result in aberrant repair of RAG DSBs like ATM inactivation. We show that Nemo deficiency increases simultaneous biallelic Igk cleavage in pre–B cells and raises the frequency of B cells expressing Igκ proteins from both alleles. In contrast, the incidence of biallelic Igκ expression is not elevated by inactivation of the SpiC transcriptional repressor, which is induced by RAG DSBs in an ATM-dependent manner and suppresses Igk accessibility. Thus, we conclude that Nemo-dependent, ATM-mediated DNA damage signals enforce Igκ allelic exclusion by orchestrating transient repression of RAG expression and feedback inhibition of additional Igk rearrangements in response to RAG cleavage on one Igk allele.
The Immunomodulatory Enzyme IDO2 Mediates Autoimmune Arthritis through a Nonenzymatic Mechanism
Authors: Merlo Lauren M F , Peng Weidan , DuHadaway James B , Montgomery James D , Prendergast George C , Muller Alexander J , Mandik-Nayak Laura 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
IDO2 is one of two closely related tryptophan catabolizing enzymes induced under inflammatory conditions. In contrast to the immunoregulatory role defined for IDO1 in cancer models, IDO2 has a proinflammatory function in models of autoimmunity and contact hypersensitivity. In humans, two common single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified that severely impair IDO2 enzymatic function, such that &lt;25% of individuals express IDO2 with full catalytic potential. This, together with IDO2’s relatively weak enzymatic activity, suggests that IDO2 may have a role outside of its function in tryptophan catabolism. To determine whether the enzymatic activity of IDO2 is required for its proinflammatory function, we used newly generated catalytically inactive IDO2 knock-in mice together with established models of contact hypersensitivity and autoimmune arthritis. Contact hypersensitivity was attenuated in catalytically inactive IDO2 knock-in mice. In contrast, induction of autoimmune arthritis was unaffected by the absence of IDO2 enzymatic activity. In pursuing this nonenzymatic IDO2 function, we identified GAPDH, Runx1, RANbp10, and Mgea5 as IDO2-binding proteins that do not interact with IDO1, implicating them as potential mediators of IDO2-specific function. Taken together, our findings identify a novel function for IDO2, independent of its tryptophan catabolizing activity, and suggest that this nonenzymatic function could involve multiple signaling pathways. These data show that the enzymatic activity of IDO2 is required only for some inflammatory immune responses and provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence of a nonenzymatic role for IDO2 in mediating autoimmune disease.
Sustainability in Transformation of Maternal Mortality by Interaction Based Approach in Dairi, Indonesia
Authors: Manik Henry , Triyoga Rika Subarniati , Siregar Muhammad Fidel Ganis , Rochadi R. Kintoko , Poddar Sandeep 
Published: December 2021

Background Health and mortality problems are closely related to the maternal mortality rate (MMR). Efforts to reduce MMR have been carried out by many countries, including the Indonesian government. Design and Methods This research was conducted using two approaches, namely quantitative and qualitative or mixed methods and 149 respondents and 26 informants, to reduce MMR in Dairi Regency. This study was also carried out to determine the dominant variable that affects mother's behavior in an effort to reduce MMR in accordance with the existing theory. Result Mother's intention to contribute to the reduction of MMR in this study was influenced by the good factor directly or indirectly. This is indicated by the score p<0.005. The study also shows that it is very important for the health workers to be able to communicate well with individuals and communities. Conclusion The present study will help to reduce maternal fatalities, and will help to build systems and processes that will allow control the behaviour of the pregnant women and determine the cause of death as well as its contributing factors.
Respiratory rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19 infection and chronic respiratory failure: a real-life retrospective study by a Lombard network
Authors: Vitacca Michele , Salvi Beatrice , Lazzeri Marta , Zampogna Elisabetta , Piaggi Giancarlo , Ceriana Piero , Cirio Serena , Rizzello Luigino , Lacala Grazia , Longoni Angelo , Galimberti Vittoria , D'Ambrosio Patrizia , Pavesi Enrica , La  Piana Giuseppe , Sanniti Antonella , Morandi Alessandro , Vallet Manoel , Paneroni Mara 
Published: December 2021

The Lombardy region has been one of the areas most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic since the first months of 2020, providing real-life experiences in the acute phase. It is unclear how the respiratory rehabilitation network responded to this emergency. The aims of this retrospective study were: i) to analyze clinical, functional, and disability data at admission; ii) describe assessment tools and rehabilitative programs; iii) evaluate improvement after rehabilitation. The study was conducted on data collected from ten pulmonary rehabilitation centers in Lombardy, between the period of March 1st 2020 to March 1st 2021, in patients with respiratory failure recovering from COVID-19 both at admission and discharge. The study included demographics, comorbidities, nutritional status, risk of falls, disability status (Barthel index; Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); 6 minutes walking test (6MWT), symptoms (dyspnoea with Barthel Dyspnoea and MRC Dyspnoea Scale), length of stay, discharge destination, need for mechanical ventilation, respiratory function, assessment/outcomes indices, and prescribed rehabilitative programs. 413 patients were analyzed. Length of stay in acute and rehabilitative units was less than 30 days. Fifty % of patients used non-invasive ventilation during their stay. Functional status was mildly compromised for forced volumes and oxygenation, while severely compromised for diffusion capacity. Independency was low while physical performance status very low. At discharge, 318 (77%) patients were sent home, 83 (20.1%) were transferred to an acute unit and 12 (2.9%) passed away. Barthel Index and 6MWT were the most used, while MRC score was the least used outcome parameter. The 5 main rehabilitative activities were walking (90.8 %), transfer from bed to armchair (77.5%), limb mobilization in bed (76%), balance (71.2%), and cycle-ergometer or treadmill (43.1%). A huge difference was found in admission, discharge, and delta change among different rehabilitative centers. When available, all outcomes showed a significant improvement. With the limitation of a retrospective study with a clear amount of missing data, COVID-19 subjects admitted to rehabilitative centers presented a reduced physical performance, symptoms of dyspnoea, and severe disability. The 6MWT and Barthel index were the most used measurement.
Age- and Sex-Specific Joint Biomechanics in Response to Partial and Complete Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in the Porcine Model
Authors: Howe Danielle , Cone Stephanie G. , Piedrahita Jorge A. , Spang Jeffrey T. , Fisher Matthew B. 
Published: December 2021

Context
Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates are increasing and are highest in female adolescents. Complete ACL tears are typically surgically reconstructed, but few guidelines and very limited data exist regarding the need for surgical reconstruction or rehabilitation for partial ACL tears in skeletally immature patients.

Objective
To evaluate the effects of partial (anteromedial bundle) and complete ACL transection on joint laxity and tissue forces under anterior and rotational loads in male and female stifle joints throughout skeletal growth in the porcine model.

Design
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
We studied 60 male and female Yorkshire crossbreed pigs aged 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 18 months (n = 6 pigs per age per sex).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Joint laxity was measured in intact, anteromedial bundle-transected, and ACL-transected joints under applied anterior-posterior drawer and varus-valgus torque using a robotic testing system. Loading of the soft tissues in the stifle joint was measured under each condition.

Results
Anterior-posterior joint laxity increased by 13% to 50% (P &lt; .05) after anteromedial bundle transection and 75% to 178% (P &lt; .05) after ACL transection. Destabilization after anteromedial bundle transection increased with age (P &lt; .05) and was greater in late female than late male adolescents (P &lt; .05). In anteromedial bundle-transected joints, the posterolateral bundle resisted the anterior load. In ACL-transected joints, the medial collateral ligament (MCL) contribution was largest, followed by the medial meniscus. The MCL contribution was larger and the medial meniscus contribution was smaller in male versus female specimens.

Conclusions
Partial ACL transection resulted in moderate increases in joint laxity, with the remaining bundle performing the primary ACL function. Destabilization due to partial ACL transection (anteromedial bundle) was largest in late adolescent joints, indicating that operative treatment should be considered in active, late-adolescent patients with this injury. Increased forces on the MCL and medial meniscus after ACL transection suggested that rehabilitation protocols may need to focus on protecting these tissues.
Socio-ecological determinants of dengue prevention practices
Authors: Kamaruddin N.I.K. , Said Salmiah Md , Shahar H. Kadir , Lim P. Y. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To determine the level of dengue prevention practices among wet market traders in a Malaysian district and their associated socio-ecological factors including individual, relationships, community and societal factors.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study involving 246 wet market traders was conducted in a district in Perak state in northwest Malaysia between September 2018 to June 2019. Participants were selected through stratified sampling from four wet markets in Hilir Perak district. Data on dengue prevention practices and associated socio-ecological characteristics were collected using a validated interview-based questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify socio-ecological determinants of dengue prevention practices among wet market traders in Hilir Perak District.

Results:
From the total number of respondents, 78% had high dengue prevention practices. Higher dengue prevention practices were associated with owners of wet market shoplots compared to employed workers (adjusted OR 4.18, 95% CI 1.78, 9.85), high perceived susceptibility (adjusted OR 6.93, 95% CI 3.02, 15.92), high familial support (adjusted OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.25, 10.64), and high perceived dengue prevention and control laws and regulations (adjusted OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.44, 7.32).

Conclusions:
Dengue prevention practices were associated not only with individual determinants but also with other determinants from relationships to societal level which must be considered in planning or evaluating current dengue control programs.
Duration of presurgical orthodontic treatment in individuals with nonsyndromic oral clefts undergoing orthognathic surgery
Authors: Gutierrez Arturo Medrano , da Silva Dalben Gisele , Yaedú Renato Yassutaka Faria 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Evaluating the length of orthodontic-surgical treatment is a key factor to properly inform and guide the patient about the duration of treatment and consequently achieve agreement and adherence to treatment, as well as for health-care institutions that sponsor this type of treatment.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the duration of orthodontic treatment before orthognathic surgery, in patients with nonsyndromic oral clefts, as well as the number of consultations required for that purpose.

Materials and Methods:
This was an observational, retrospective, descriptive study conducted on data obtained from the patients' medical records. The study analyzed 485 medical records and, after applying the inclusion criteria, the sample included 227 medical records. All data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet for calculation of means and standard deviations (SDs), for the time period analyzed.

Results:
The time for orthodontic preparation was 8.2 years with a range of attendance from 1 to 130 visits and a mean of 37 visits (SD ± 24).

Conclusion:
The results suggest that there is a longer time than reported in the literature for orthodontic preparation for orthognathic surgery, which could contribute to the increase in total time for orthodontic-surgical treatment.
A chronic case of Bell's palsy and its management through Ayurveda
Authors: Patel Preeti , Jena Swarnakant , Bhatted Santosh K. , Dharmarajan Prasanth 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Bell's palsy is an acute idiopathic condition that develops due to peripheral facial nerve paralysis of sudden onset, usually affecting the face by temporary weakness or paralysis of the face. With various aetiologies (infection, trauma, ischemia, or inflammation) affecting the seventh cranial nerve are the pathogenesis to originating the symptoms of Bells's palsy. According to Ayurveda, this condition can be correlated with Ardita Vata, which is described under the umbrella of Vatavyadhi Chikitsa.

Aim and Objectives:
The study has been documented to evaluate the efficacy of Panchakarma procedures along with Shamana Aushadhi (oral medication) in the management of a patient with chronic Bell's palsy.

Settings:
A 1-year-old chronic case of Bell's palsy was managed in out patient department-based Panchakarma treatment at AIIA, New Delhi, and the patient was assessed both before and after the given treatment.

Treatment Plan:
The patient was administered Mukhabhyanga (massage on face) with Asana Bilwadi Taila, Nadi Sweda (sudation) with Dashamoola Ksheer Dhooma, Nasya (transnasal medication) with Avartita Ksheerbala Taila in Arohana Matra (increasing dose), and Kavala (Gargling) with Saindhavadi Taila and Irimedadi Taila for 14 days along with Shamana medication for one month.

Result:
Marked improvement was observed on the basis of House–Brackmann scale; continuous teardrops from the eye were completely stopped. After 15 days of treatment, the scale was reduced from IV to III, and then II, I, respectively after the 30th day and 60th day during the follow-up.

Conclusion:
This case showed promising and quick results of Ayurveda treatment by considering aspects of Vatavyadhi, specifically Ardita Vata, even after 1 year of chronicity without showing any complications.
Prevalence and Outcome of Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Children in a Critical Care Nephrology Unit
Authors: Afroz Shireen , Ferdaus Tahmina , Yasmin Farhana , Tanjila Umme , Baroi Sukriti 
Published: December 2021

Background:
This prospective observational study was conducted to see the prevalence, etiology, clinical profile, and immediate outcome of community-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) in a pediatric critical care nephrology setup in Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods:
The prevalence, etiology, outcome, and fatality predictors of critically ill children with AKI, aged 5 days to 17 years from January 2016 to June 2018 were studied at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Bangladesh. AKIN criteria were used to screen AKI. They were given supportive care and dialysis.

Results:
The prevalence of AKI among 725 patients was 61%. All the AKI cases were at AKIN stage III. Pre-renal cause accounted for 63%, renal 19% and post-renal 18%. The most common etiology of pre-renal AKI was post-diarrheal hypovolemia (50%), renal cause of AKI includes glomerulonephritis (45%) and among post-renal cause posterior urethral valves was 78%. Hypovolemia and shock were found in 12% of cases. Congestive cardiac failure (10%), hypertensive crisis (7%), severe hypernatremia (24%), severe metabolic acidosis (11%), and dialysis requirement (76%) were found to be associated with the worst outcome. Fifty-one percent improved with normal renal function. Of 441 AKI cases, 201 (46%) improved and among them 102 (51%) regained with normal renal functions. Approximately 99 (49%) with partial renal recovery and most (41) of them were due to renal cause of AKI. The overall worst outcome was observed in 54% and mortality in 40%. The highest mortality was found among neonates (60%) and infants (41%). Glasgow coma scale was <3 in 16% cases. Need for mechanical ventilation (11%) and longer hospital stay >30 days (9%) were the important predictors of fatality in AKI.

Conclusion:
Higher prevalence of severe AKI was associated with high mortality in neonates and infants in critical-care setup. Longer hospital stay and need for dialysis and mechanical ventilator predicted worst outcome.
Association of Renal Scar and Vesicoureteral Reflux in Childhood Urinary Tract Infection in Tertiary Level Hospitals
Authors: Ashraf Rezwana , Jahan Ishrat , Begum Afroza 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the third most common medical problem in the pediatric population, especially in infants. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is common in children with UTI.

Objective:
The aim of this article is to assess the relationship between VUR-associated UTI and renal scar in children.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among children who were admitted in the Pediatric Nephrology Department of BSMMU with UTI during the period of March 2013 to July 2014. A total of 30 UTI patients aged 1–5 years were included in the study. Children with neurogenic bladder or structural abnormality of urinary tract other than VUR were excluded from this study. History of the patients was taken and physical examination was done and recorded. Several investigations such as urinary routine and microscopic examination, culture and sensitivity with colony count, ultrasonogram of kidney, ureter, and bladder with post-void residual urine, micturating cystourethrogram, and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scan were done. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS version 12.

Results:
Mean age of the patients was 2.50 ± 1.18 years within the range of 1–5 years. Boys (80.0%) were predominant than girls (20.0%). Among the right kidneys 10 (33.3%) and among the left kidneys 11 (36.7%) had renal scar. There was a significant relation between increased VUR grading and increased number of renal scars on right and left kidneys (P = 0.013 and P = 0.020, respectively). There was no significant relation between increased number of UTI episodes and increased number of renal scars on right and left kidneys (P = 0.057 and P = 0.951, respectively). There was a positive correlation between VUR grade and renal scar [r = + 0.741 (P < 0.001)]. There was a positive correlation between VUR grade and renal scar [r = + 0.917 (P < 0.001)].

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that severity of VUR had a significant correlation with renal scarring on DMSA scintigraphy.