bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal features, ambient temperature and hair coat lengths: Limitations of infrared imaging in pregnant primitive breed mares within a year
Authors: Maśko Małgorzata , Witkowska‐Piłaszewicz Olga , Jasiński Tomasz , Domino Małgorzata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInfrared thermography is a non‐invasive technique which allows to distinguish between pregnant and non‐pregnant animals. Detecting accurate body surface temperatures can be challenging due to external factors altering thermograph measurements. This study aimed to determine the associations between the ambient temperature, the hair coat features and the temperatures of mares' abdomens. It compared pregnant and non‐pregnant mares throughout 11 months. The research was carried out on 40 Konik Polski mares, which were divided into pregnant and non‐pregnant groups. The temperature (Tmax, maximal; Taver, average; Tmin, minimal) of the mares' abdomen was evaluated in two regions of interest: the whole area of the lateral surface of the mares' abdomen (Px1) and the flank area of the lateral surface of mares' abdomen (Px2). During the increasing period, the slopes in the linear regression equation did not differ significantly for ambient (Tamb) and surface temperatures in both groups. In the decreasing period, the slopes did not differ significantly for Tamb and Tmax in the non‐pregnant group. They also did not differ for Tamb and Taver in Px1 and Tamb and Tmin in Px1 in both pregnant and non‐pregnant groups respectively. Other slopes varied significantly (p < .001). There was no evidence of parallel changes in hair coat features and measured temperatures. The flank area appears more suitable for thermal imaging in pregnant mares due to the seasonal fluctuations in hair coat lengths.
Being certain that negative events will happen or that positive events will not happen: Depressive predictive certainty and change in suicide ideation over time
Authors: Rosario‐Williams Beverlin , Rombola Christina , Miranda Regina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionRelatively little research has examined the precise components of hopelessness that increase vulnerability to suicidal thinking. We examined whether certainty about an absence of positive future outcomes (Certainty‐AP) would more strongly predict suicide ideation over time than certainty about negative future outcomes (Certainty‐N).MethodYoung adults (N = 208), ages 18–34 (M = 19.08, SD = 2.22), with either recent suicide ideation, suicide attempt history, or past‐year psychiatric diagnosis were assessed four times over 18 months.ResultsWe used multilevel modeling to assess within‐participant differences in suicide ideation over time. Both Certainty‐AP and Certainty‐N predicted later suicide ideation above and beyond generalized hopelessness and depressive symptoms, when examined in separate models. However, Certainty‐AP emerged as a stronger predictor of suicide ideation than Certainty‐N when examined in the same model.DiscussionThese findings suggest that certainty about an absence of positive future outcomes may have a more unique prospective relationship to SI than certainty about the presence of negative future outcomes. We discuss clinical and theoretical implications of these findings.
From “what works” to “making it work”: A practice perspective on evidence‐based standardization in frontline service organizations
Authors: Bakkeli Vidar , Breit Eric 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEvidence‐based standards are becoming increasingly influential in frontline services connected to labor market inclusion of vulnerable citizens. To increase our understanding of standardization in such public service delivery, this study draws on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork from two frontline offices in the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (2017–2018) that use the evidence‐based Individual Placement and Support (IPS) standard. Adopting a theoretical perspective of organizational practices, the study highlights two distinct approaches to practicing IPS in the frontline organizations: as a “practice shift” in one organization (i.e., creating and legitimizing radically new service practices involving closer collaboration with employers) and as a “practice revival” in the other (i.e., reinstating more traditional service practices involving a holistic client orientation). Each approach relates to a specific constellation of recruitment practices, dynamics between frontline supervisors and staff, and team integration. The study contributes to the literature in two ways. First, it shows the underlying flexibility embedded in standardization and how standards may be implemented and adapted in ways that may either promote more radical change or revive traditional practices. Second, it nuances positions in the literature on the impact of standards on professional service work. On this basis, the study suggests broadening the attention in research on evidence‐based standards in public service delivery from discussions of “what works” to understanding the broader organizational dynamics involved in “making it work.”
Adolescent Health Series: HPV infection and vaccination in sub‐Saharan Africa: 10 years of research in Tanzanian female adolescents ‐ narrative review
Authors: Whitworth Hilary , Changalucha John , Baisley Kathy , Watson‐Jones Deborah 
Published: July 2021

SummaryCervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related morbidity and mortality in many sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, including Tanzania. Most cervical cancer cases worldwide are attributable to infection of the cervix with Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a vaccine‐preventable sexually transmitted infection (STI). Over the past 10 years, we have conducted a programme of HPV research in pre‐adolescents and adolescents in Mwanza, the second‐largest city in Tanzania, which is situated in a malaria‐endemic region. In this narrative review article, we summarise the contribution of our work, alongside work of others, to improve the understanding of HPV epidemiology in SSA and development of setting‐appropriate, evidence‐based intervention strategies. We present evidence for very high prevalence and incidence of HPV infection among female SSA adolescents around the time of sexual debut, describe risk factors for HPV acquisition, and discuss associations between HPV, HIV and other STIs, which are also highly prevalent within this population. We summarise findings from early clinical trials of HPV vaccines in SSA, the first of which was an immunogenicity and safety trial conducted in Mwanza, Tanzania, and Dakar, Senegal. Within the trial, we evaluated for the first time the potential impact of malaria and helminth infection on vaccine‐induced antibody responses in Tanzanian girls. We describe research evaluating optimal HPV vaccine delivery strategies within this setting, perceived requirements for and barriers to vaccine implementation among key informants from LMIC, vaccine acceptability among girls and parents, and opportunities for co‐delivery of interventions alongside HPV vaccination to an adolescent population. Finally, we discuss country‐level barriers to vaccine uptake in LMIC, and ongoing studies in Tanzania and other SSA countries of reduced‐dose HPV vaccination schedules that may alleviate cost and logistical barriers to vaccine implementation.
Impacts of COVID‐19 and elective surgery cancellations on platelet supply and utilization in the Canadian Province of British Columbia
Authors: Shopsowitz Kevin E. , Lim Christina , Shih Andrew W. , Fishbane Nick , Berry Brian R. , Bigham Mark , Petraszko Tanya , Trudeau Jacqueline , Wyatt Maureen , Yan Matthew T. S. , Morrison Douglas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic raised concerns about the vulnerability of platelet supply and the uncertain impact of the resumption of elective surgery on utilization. We report the impact of COVID‐19 on platelet supply and utilization across a large, integrated healthcare system in the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC).Materials and MethodsHistorical platelet use in BC by indication was compiled for fiscal year 2010/2011–2019/2020. Platelet collections, initial daily inventory and disposition data were assessed pre‐COVID‐19 (1 April 2018–15 March 2020) and for two COVID‐19 time periods in BC: a shutdown phase with elective surgeries halted (16 March–17 May, 2020) and a renewal phase when elective surgeries resumed (18 May–27 September 2020); comparisons were made provincially and for individual health authorities.ResultsHistorically, elective surgeries accounted for 10% of platelets transfused in BC. Initial daily supplier inventory increased from baseline during both COVID‐19 periods (93/90 units vs. 75 units pre‐COVID‐19). During the shutdown phase, platelet utilization decreased 10.4% (41 units/week; p < 0.0001), and remained significantly decreased during the ensuing renewal period. Decreased platelet utilization was attributed to fewer transfusions during the shutdown phase followed by a decreased discard/expiry rate during the renewal phase compared to pre‐COVID‐19 (15.2% vs. 18.9% pre‐COVID‐19; p < 0.0001). Differences in COVID‐19 platelet utilization patterns were noted between health authorities.ConclusionDecreased platelet utilization was observed in BC compared to pre‐COVID‐19, likely due to a transient reduction in elective surgery as well as practice and policy changes triggered by pandemic concerns.
Effectiveness of technology-based interventions compared with other non-pharmacological interventions for relieving procedural pain in hospitalized neonates: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Palomaa Anna-Kaija , Tuomikoski Anna-Maria , Huhtala Saija , Pölkki Tarja 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in relieving procedural pain in hospitalized neonates compared with other non-pharmacological interventions.

Introduction:
Neonates requiring hospital care often experience acute pain during medical procedures. The current best practice for relieving pain in neonates is the use of non-pharmacological interventions, such as oral solutions or intervention-based human touch. Technological solutions (such as games, eHealth applications, and mechanical vibrators) have become more commonplace in pediatric pain management over recent years. However, there is a knowledge gap about how effective technology-based interventions are at relieving pain in neonates.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider experimental trials that include technology-based non-pharmacological interventions for relieving procedural pain in hospitalized neonates. Primary outcomes of interest include pain response to a procedure measured by a validated pain assessment scale for neonates, behavioral indicators, and/or changes in physiological indicators.

Methods:
MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus (Elsevier), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the MEDIC databases will be searched for studies published in English, Finnish, and Swedish. Critical appraisal and data extraction will be conducted by two independent researchers following JBI methodology. Quantitative data will be pooled in statistical meta-analyses. If statistical analysis is not possible, the findings will be reported narratively.

Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42021254218
Development of Intertwined Infills to Improve Multi-Material Interfacial Bond Strength
Authors: Mustafa Irfan , Kwok Tsz-Ho 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently, the availability of various materials and ongoing research in developing advanced systems for multi-material additive manufacturing (MMAM) have opened doors for innovation in functional products. One major concern of MMAM is the strength at the interface between materials. This article hypothesizes overlapping and interlacing materials to enhance the bonding strength. To test this hypothesis, we need a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) tool that can process the overlapped material regions. However, existing computational tools lack key multi-material design processing features and have certain limitations in making full use of the material information, which restricts the testing of our hypothesis. Therefore, this research also develops a new MMAM slicing framework that efficiently identifies the boundaries for materials to develop different advanced features. By modifying a ray tracing technology, we develop layered-depth material images (LDMI) to process the material information from computer-aided design (CAD) models for slicing and process planning. Each sample point in the LDMI has associated material and geometric properties that are used to identify the multi-material regions. Based on the material information in each slice, interlocking joint (T-Joint) and interlacing infill are generated in the regions with multiple materials. Tensile tests have been performed to verify the enhancement of mechanical properties by the use of overlapping and interlacing materials.
Influence of Insulin Application Time and High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Hypoglycemic Risk in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: de Lima Valderi de Abreu , Cordeiro Gabriel Ribeiro , Mascarenhas Luis Paulo Gomes , França Suzana Nesi , Decimo Juliana Pereira , de leão Andréia Araújo Porchat , Fritz Camila Kapp , Leite Neiva 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The study analyzed the influence of exercise on hypoglycemia episodes postexercise and in the subsequent 24 hours in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Thirty young people performed the same protocol of physical exercises for 1 hour (Ex1h) and 2 hours (Ex2h) after the administration of insulin. They performed 30 minutes of exercise on a cycle ergometer with a load of 60% of maximal oxygen uptake, interspersed with maximum intensity sprints lasting 10 seconds every 5 minutes. Results: Regarding the occurrence of hypoglycemia, in the 8 hours following the exercises, there was no occurrence in Ex1h (χ2 = 0.001; P = .0001) and a greater proportion for Ex2h (n = 71 episodes, 53.8%), while Ex1h had a higher number of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes (n = 60, 71.4%) compared with Ex2h (n = 31, 23.1%, χ2 = 49.521, P = .0001), Ex1h triggered a lower number of hypoglycemia (n = 84) than Ex2h (n = 134, χ2 = 11.504, P = .001). There was a greater reduction in the average amount of fast-acting insulin administered the day after Ex1h compared with Ex2h (P = .031). Conclusions: Intermittent exercise performed 1 hour after insulin administration shows a lower risk of hypoglycemia within 8 hours after exercise, as well as a reduction in insulin the following day.
High-resolution late Paleozoic cyclostratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the Keeler Basin, California, southwest Laurentia
Authors: Gannon Patrick J. , Smith M. Elliot , Umhoefer Paul J. , Leary Ryan J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCyclic strata exposed in the Inyo Mountains of eastern California contain a continuous 6 m.y. record of deep marine deposition that spans the Pennsylvanian–Permian boundary. To better understand the geologic evolution of southwest Laurentia and the role of glacially driven eustasy in upper Paleozoic stratigraphy, we measured two detailed ∼600 m composite stratigraphic sections of the Keeler Canyon Formation and collected a handheld spectral gamma ray log. Post-depositional deformation complicates field relationships, but 1:5000 scale mapping of faults and folds permits assembly of two continuous sections. Measured strata alternate at the 5–20 m scale between intervals of fine-grained laminated marlstone and intervals of mixed carbonate and siliciclastic turbidites and debrites. Based on facies characteristics and a prominent marker horizon, we reassign the Pennsylvanian-Permian age upper Salt Tram unit of the upper Keeler Canyon Formation to a new Estelle Member. We estimate sediment accumulation rates within the Keeler Canyon Formation using published conodont biostratigraphy and correlative U-Pb geochronology from Eastern Europe combined with spectral analysis and timescale optimization using the Astrochron R package. Evolutive harmonic analysis of gamma ray-derived element concentrations reveals prominent bundled periodicities that are consistent with both long and short eccentricity cycles. Average sediment accumulation rates calculated using the time scale optimization function of Astrochron suggest a gradual increase from 40–60 m/m.y. to ∼120 m/m.y. during the late Pennsylvanian and then a minima of ∼50 m/m.y. near the Pennsylvanian–Permian boundary, which is followed by an increase to ∼175 m/m.y. into the Early Permian. This trend in sediment accumulation rates and subsequent Permian contractile deformation are compatible with flexural subsidence in a SW-migrating foreland basin related to the southern part of the late Antler orogenic system.
Palliative care for children with complex cardiac conditions: survey results
Authors: Vemuri Sidharth , Butler Ashleigh E , Brown Katherine , Wray Jo , Bluebond-Langner Myra 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo explore perspectives of paediatric cardiac and palliative care professionals on providing palliative care to children with complex cardiac conditions.DesignA national survey including closed-ended and open-ended questions as well as clinical scenarios designed to capture referral practices, attitudes towards palliative care, confidence delivering key components of palliative care and perspectives on for whom to provide palliative care. Responses to closed-ended questions and scenarios were analysed using descriptive statistics. Open-ended responses were analysed thematically.ParticipantsPaediatric cardiac and palliative care professionals caring for children with complex cardiac conditions in the UK.Results177 professionals (91 cardiac care and 86 palliative care) responded. Aspects of advance care planning were the most common reasons for referral to palliative care. Palliative care professionals reported greater confidence than cardiac colleagues with such discussions. Clinicians agreed that children with no further surgical management options, comorbid genetic disorders, antenatal diagnosis of a single ventricle, ventricular device in situ, symptomatic heart failure and those awaiting heart transplantation would benefit from palliative care involvement.ConclusionsComponents of palliative care, such as advance care planning, can be provided by cardiac care professionals alongside the disease-directed care of children with complex cardiac conditions. Further research and training are needed to address confidence levels in cardiac care professionals in delivering components of palliative care as well as clarification of professional roles and parent preferences in delivery of family-centred care for children with complex cardiac conditions.
Why do strategies to strengthen primary health care succeed in some places and fail in others? Exploring local variation in the effectiveness of a community health worker managed digital health intervention in rural India
Authors: Schierhout Gill , Praveen Devarsetty , Patel Bindu , Li Qiang , Mogulluru Kishor , Ameer Mohammed Abdul , Patel Anushka , Clifford Gari D , Joshi Rohina , Heritier Stephane , Maulik Pallab , Peiris David 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionDigital health interventions (DHIs) have huge potential as support modalities to identify and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in resource-constrained settings, but studies assessing them show modest effects. This study aims to identify variation in outcomes and implementation of SMARTHealth India, a cluster randomised trial of an ASHA-managed digitally enabled primary healthcare (PHC) service strengthening strategy for CVD risk management, and to explain how and in what contexts the intervention was effective.MethodsWe analysed trial outcome and implementation data for 18 PHC centres and collected qualitative data via focus groups with ASHAs (n=14) and interviews with ASHAs, PHC facility doctors and fieldteam mangers (n=12) Drawing on principles of realist evaluation and an explanatory mixed-methods design we developed mechanism-based explanations for observed outcomes.ResultsThere was substantial between-cluster variation in the primary outcome (overall: I2=62.4%, p<=0.001). The observed heterogeneity in trial outcomes was not attributable to any single factor. Key mechanisms for intervention effectiveness were community trust and acceptability of doctors’ and ASHAs’ new roles, and risk awareness. Enabling local contexts were seen to evolve over time and in response to the intervention. These included obtaining legitimacy for ASHAs’ new roles from trusted providers of curative care; ASHAs’ connections to community and to qualified providers; their responsiveness to community needs; and the accessibility, quality and appropriateness of care provided by higher level medical providers, including those outside of the implementing (public) subsystem.ConclusionLocal contextual factors were significant influences on the effectiveness of this DHI-enabled PHC service strategy intervention. Local adaptions need to be planned for, monitored and responded to over time. By identifying plausible explanations for variation in outcomes between clusters, we identify potential strategies to strengthen such interventions.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and learning of college and university students: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mao Jing , Gao Xin , Yan Peireng , Ren Xiaocao , Guan Yong , Yan Yi 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionCOVID-19 has a serious impact on people’s physical health and mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic forced college and university students to take online classes, which may have bad impacts on students’ learning. In addition, the students lost many job opportunities during the pandemic. Faced with employment and study pressure and worried about the epidemic, college and university students were prone to increased overall negative emotion, anxiety and depression. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and learning of college and university students.Methods and analysisWe will conduct electronic literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Two researchers will independently screen the studies, extract data and assess the quality of the included studies. Any disagreement will be resolved by the third investigator. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and other tools will be used to assess the risk of bias, according to the study design of included studies. OR, risk ratio, mean difference and 95% CI will be considered as the effect size. Heterogeneity between studies will be assessed by subgroup and sensitivity analysis, and publication bias will be detected by funnel plots, Begg’s test and Egger’s test.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review and meta-analysis involves no patient contact and no interaction with healthcare providers or systems. We will disseminate the findings of this study through the presentation at scientific conferences and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020201132.