bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the lifetime of long-lived particles at the HL-LHC
Authors: Banerjee Shankha , Bhattacherjee Biplob , Goudelis Andreas , Herrmann Björn , Sengupta Dipan , Sengupta Rhitaja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examine the capacity of the Large Hadron Collider to determine the mean proper lifetime of long-lived particles assuming different decay final states. We mostly concentrate on the high luminosity runs of the LHC, and therefore, develop our discussion in light of the high amount of pile-up and the various upgrades for the HL-LHC runs. We employ model-dependent and model-independent methods in order to reconstruct the proper lifetime of neutral long-lived particles decaying into displaced leptons, potentially accompanied by missing energy, as well as charged long-lived particles decaying ihnto leptons and missing energy. We also present a discussion for lifetime estimation of neutral long-lived particles decaying into displaced jets, along with the challenges in the high PU environment of HL-LHC. After a general discussion, we illustrate and discuss these methods using several new physics models. We conclude that the lifetime can indeed be reconstructed in many concrete cases. Finally, we discuss to which extent including timing information, which is an important addition in the Phase-II upgrade of CMS, can improve such an analysis.
Condensates and pressure of two-flavor chiral perturbation theory at nonzero isospin and temperature
Authors: Adhikari Prabal , Andersen Jens O. , Mojahed Martin A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider two-flavor chiral perturbation theory ($$\chi $$
χ
PT) at finite isospin chemical potential $$\mu _I$$

μ
I

and finite temperature T. We calculate the effective potential and the quark and pion condensates as functions of T and $$\mu _I$$

μ
I

to next-to-leading order in the low-energy expansion in the presence of a pionic source. We map out the phase diagram in the $$\mu _I$$

μ
I

–T plane. Numerically, we find that the transition to the pion-condensed phase is second order in the region of validity of $$\chi $$
χ
PT, which is in agreement with model calculations and lattice simulations. Finally, we calculate the pressure to two-loop order in the symmetric phase for nonzero $$\mu _I$$

μ
I

and find that $$\chi $$
χ
PT seems to be converging very well.
Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Patients with Seborrheic Dermatitis: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Rahimi Siavash , Nemati Negar , Shafaei-Tonekaboni Seyedeh Sareh 
Published: February 2021

Several autoimmune papulosquamous skin conditions such as psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematous, and lichen planus have been associated with vitamin D deficiency or correlated with serum vitamin D level. This study was aimed at comparing the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status in patients with facial or scalp seborrheic dermatitis with healthy subjects. This case-control study included 289 patients (118 with psoriasis and 171 sex- and age-matched control subjects) from the outpatient clinic of two hospital dermatology departments in the west of Mazandaran province, Iran. All patients and control subjects were studied during one season to avoid seasonal variations in vitamin D levels. Serum mean ± standard deviation of 25(OH)D levels were signiﬁcantly lower in seborrheic dermatitis patients than in control subjects (20.71 ± 8.16 vs. 23.91 ± 7.78,

P

= 0.007). Serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively associated with the risk of developing seborrheic dermatitis (odds ratio (OR): 0.898, 95% confidence interval (Cl): 0.840–0.960,

P

= 0.002). Also, vitamin D under 30 ng/ml was associated with OR: 4.22 (95% Cl: 1.077–16.534,

P

= 0.039) for seborrheic dermatitis. The severity of scalp disease was significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D level (

P

= 0.003). Cases with severe scalp scores had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level compared to moderate OR score (

P

= 0.036). A similar trend was not seen in the facial disease. The 25(OH)D values are signiﬁcantly lower in seborrheic dermatitis patients than in healthy subjects. Furthermore, the scalp disease severity was associated with lower serum 25(OH)D level. Our results may suggest that vitamin D may play a role in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis.
O que podemos aprender com o pensamento mítico presente nas obras clássicas?
Authors: Viana André Luiz Pullig 
Published: February 2021

As obras clássicas oferecem farto material que nos ajuda a entender o pensamento mítico e sua influência até os nossos dias. Diametralmente à razão, esse pensamento oferece ao homem a confiança de que suas ações podem ser preponderantes às respostas do mundo natural, além de fixar modelos para todas as funções e atividades humanas. O mito, portanto, é uma atribuição de sentido ao mundo, apoiado no efeito psicológico e na imaginação humana, capaz de infligir ao homem acomodação em seu habitat, enquanto parte de um grupo social. Por meio da existência dos outros ele se afirma e essa afirmação se dá não somente por meio da sua razão, também, por meio das suas crenças. Este trabalho pretende, dessa forma, apresentar o que podemos aprender com pensamento mítico presente nas obras clássicas.
Palavras-chaves: Clássico. Mito. Pensamento.
Revisiting and Implementing the Weber and Ventilatory Functional Classifications in Heart Failure by Cardiopulmonary Imaging Phenotyping
Authors: Guazzi Marco , Borlaug Barry , Metra Marco , Losito Maurizio , Bandera Francesco , Alfonzetti Eleonora , Boveri Sara , Sugimoto Tadafumi 
Published: February 2021

Background
In heart failure, the exercise gas exchange Weber (A to D) and ventilatory classifications (VC‐1 to VC‐4) historically define disease severity and prognosis. However, their applications in the modern heart failure population of any left ventricular ejection fraction combined with hemodynamics are undefined. We aimed at revisiting and implementing these classifications by cardiopulmonary exercise testing imaging.

Methods and Results

269 patients with heart failure with reduced (n=105), mid‐range (n=88) and preserved (n=76) ejection fraction underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing imaging, primarily assessing the cardiac output (CO), mitral regurgitation, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP)/CO slope. Within both classes, a progressively lower exercise CO, higher mPAP/CO slopes, and mitral regurgitation (
P
<0.01 all) were observed. After adjustment for age and sex, Cox proportional hazard regression analyses showed that Weber (hazard ratio [HR], 2.9; 95% CI, 1.8–4.7;
P
<0.001) and ventilatory classes (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–2.0;
P
=0.017) were independently associated with outcome. The best stratification was observed when combining Weber (A/B or C/D) with severe ventilation inefficiency (VC‐4) (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.6–4.8;
P
<0.001). At multivariable analysis the best hemodynamic determinants of peak oxygen consumption and ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope were CO (β‐coefficient, 0.72±0.16;
P
<0.001) and mPAP/CO slope (β‐coefficient, 0.72±0.16;
P
<0.001), respectively.

Conclusions
In the contemporary heart failure population, the Weber and ventilatory classifications maintain their prognostic ability, especially when combined. Exercise CO and mPAP/CO slope are the best predictors of peak oxygen consumption and ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope classifications representing the main targets of interventions to impact functional class and, likely, event rate.
Ascorbic Acid Prevents Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Electronic Hookah (Waterpipe) Vaping
Authors: Rezk‐Hanna Mary , Seals Douglas R. , Rossman Matthew J. , Gupta Rajat , Nettle Charlie O. , Means Angelica , Dobrin Daniel , Cheng Chiao‐Wei , Brecht Mary‐Lynn , Mosenifar Zab , Araujo Jesus A. , Benowitz Neal L. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Electronic hookah (e‐hookah) vaping has increased in popularity among youth, who endorse unsubstantiated claims that flavored aerosol is detoxified as it passes through water. However, e‐hookahs deliver nicotine by creating an aerosol of fine and ultrafine particles and other oxidants that may reduce the bioavailability of nitric oxide and impair endothelial function secondary to formation of oxygen‐derived free radicals.

Methods and Results

We examined the acute effects of e‐hookah vaping on endothelial function, and the extent to which increased oxidative stress contributes to the vaping‐induced vascular impairment. Twenty‐six healthy young adult habitual hookah smokers were invited to vape a 30‐minute e‐hookah session to evaluate the impact on endothelial function measured by brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). To test for oxidative stress mediation, plasma total antioxidant capacity levels were measured and the effect of e‐hookah vaping on FMD was examined before and after intravenous infusion of the antioxidant ascorbic acid (n=11). Plasma nicotine and exhaled carbon monoxide levels were measured before and after the vaping session. Measurements were performed before and after sham‐vaping control experiments (n=10). E‐hookah vaping, which increased plasma nicotine (+4.93±0.92 ng/mL,
P
<0.001; mean±SE) with no changes in exhaled carbon monoxide (−0.15±0.17 ppm;
P
=0.479), increased mean arterial pressure (11±1 mm Hg,
P
<0.001) and acutely decreased FMD from 5.79±0.58% to 4.39±0.46% (
P
<0.001). Ascorbic acid infusion, which increased plasma total antioxidant capacity 5‐fold, increased FMD at baseline (5.98±0.66% versus 9.46±0.87%,
P
<0.001), and prevented the acute FMD impairment by e‐hookah vaping (9.46±0.87% versus 8.74±0.84%,
P
=0.002). All parameters were unchanged during sham studies.

Conclusions
E‐hookah vaping has adverse effects on vascular function, likely mediated by oxidative stress, which overtime could accelerate development and progression of cardiovascular disease.

Registration

URL:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03690427.
Global Universal Values and the Dialog among Civilizations
Authors: Smakotina Natalia , Aleshkovski Ivan , Gasparishvili Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article explores the extent to which experts from different countries share the same axiological approaches with regard to the dialogue among civilizations and international cooperation at governmental and grass-roots levels. The article shows how subject matter experts provide collaborative input into the features and limits that shape global universal values. Interactions among civilizations promoting their equality and partnership as opposed to clashes should be at the heart of the transformations of values. Such transformations are expected to foster mutual exchange and enrichment achieved through a deeper understanding of the inevitability of increasing global interconnectedness and mutual dependence.
United Nations’ Response to Mass Atrocities in China
Authors: Kourt Nadira 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Chinese authorities are carrying out a multidimensional campaign of repression of the Uighurs and other Muslim communities in Xinjiang, which may amount to crimes against humanity and genocide. These ongoing crimes require urgent attention and response of the international community, including the United Nations (UN). To counter China’s great influence within the organisation, all avenues need to be explored to protect minorities in Xinjiang.
Sinitic Brushtalk in Vietnam’s Anti-Colonial Struggle against France: Phan Bội Châu’s Silent Conversations with Influential Chinese and Japanese Leaders in the 1900s
Authors: Hoàng-Thân Nguyễn , Tuấn-Cường Nguyễn 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Chronicles of Phan Sào Nam, written by Phan Bội Châu in Literary Sinitic in 1929, recorded about one hundred “silent conversations” by means of Sinitic brushtalk between Phan, the Đông Du (Go East) group, and people from numerous countries during the 1900s. Through brushtalk with influential Japanese and Chinese leaders, Phan discussed many crucial and critical issues concerning the anti-colonial struggle against France and the national liberation movement in Vietnam. Because many of the issues discussed were politically sensitive, there was a need for secrecy by restricting access to only the relevant interlocutors. For this reason, using brushtalk was felt to be more sensible than seeking help from interpreters. The contents of these “silent conversations” constitute a living testimony to the richness of discussions among East Asian political figures during this period. Various conceivable solutions to sociopolitical problems were put forward, in keeping with bilateral interests in the volatile and tumultuous diplomatic situation in East Asia at the dawn of a new century.
COVID-19 pandemic distress among a sample of Italian psycho-oncologists: risk of isolation and loneliness
Authors: Costantini Anna , Mazzotti Eva , Serpentini Samantha , Piattelli Angela , Scarponi Dorella , De Benedetta Gabriella , Bellani Marco 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To measure the prevalence and characteristics of distress and hope for the future among psycho-oncologists, who faced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency along with other healthcare workers. Methods: A web-based study was conducted among members of the Italian Society of Psycho-Oncology between May 29 and June 5, 2020. Results: A total of 237 members, aged 28–72 years, completed the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI), Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R), and HOPE questionnaires; 86.92% were female, 58.65% worked in hospitals, 21.10% were exposed to COVID-19, 11.39% experienced peritraumatic distress, and 3.38% had posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Peritraumatic distress was associated with living alone (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–8.13), using sleep remedies (AOR 3.79; 95% CI 1.41–10.21), and the perception of being avoided by family or friends because of work (AOR 2.69; 95% CI 1.02–7.11); high HOPE-Agency scores were associated with the absence of peritraumatic stress (AOR 0.40; 95% CI 0.16–0.96) after adjustment for age and sex. Conclusions: Psycho-oncologists showed greater resilience than other healthcare workers as they are trained to help others, but also to review their own values and behavior in light of stressful events. Of interest is the association between peritraumatic distress and social isolation, real or perceived. Healthcare institutions should pay attention to the mental well-being of their employees by promoting distress screening using simple tools such as the CPDI and implementing support interventions. Psycho-oncology associations should introduce policies aimed at developing a sense of social connectedness by providing an interactive system of orientation and scientific reference.
Weight and body mass index increase after switch from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate-containing treatment in an antiretroviral therapy-experienced group
Authors: Łomiak Michał , Stępnicki Jan , Mikuła Tomasz , Wiercińska-Drapało Alicja 
Published: February 2021

Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) is an alternative to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Currently, TAF is increasingly being used because of its non-inferior antiviral properties, lower risk of nephrotoxicity, and lower decrease in bone mineral density than TDF. There is growing evidence of unfavorable effects of TAF on weight and body mass index (BMI) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced patients treated with TAF-based ART. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether switching from TDF-containing to TAF-containing ART is associated with an increase in BMI and body weight in ART-experienced patients. Two study groups were established: 32 patients who switched from TDF to TAF only and 68 patients who switched from TDF to TAF along with changes to other components of the ART regimen. Significant weight gain and BMI increase was observed during the first year after initiation of TAF-containing ART regimens in both groups (mean change +1.91 kg and +0.61 kg/m2 in the first group and +1.50 kg and +0.49 kg/m2 in the second group). During the second year of TAF-based treatment, a sustained trend of body weight and BMI increase was noted only in the second group (mean change +1.46 kg, + 0.46 kg/m2). Analysis of body weight changes in certain subpopulations from the second group (selected based on patients’ baseline characteristics) revealed a significant weight gain within two years after the switch in patients over 50 years old and in those whose ART had lasted longer than 10 years. These findings suggest that a possible impact of TAF on weight gain should be taken into account when selecting ART components, especially in older patients or those with a long history of antiretroviral treatment.
Race and Insurance Status Association With Receiving Orthopedic Surgeon-Prescribed Foot Orthoses
Authors: Stevens Trenton T. , Hartline Jacob T. , Ojo Oluwatosin , Grear Benjamin J. , Richardson David R. , Murphy G. Andrew , Bettin Clayton C. 
Published: February 2021

Background: This study looked at the effect of patient demographics, insurance status, education, and patient opinion on whether various orthotic footwear prescribed for a variety of diagnoses were received by the patient. The study also assessed the effect of the orthoses on relief of symptoms. Methods: Chart review documented patient demographics, diagnoses, and medical comorbidities. Eligible patients completed a survey either while in the clinic or by phone after their clinic visit. Results: Of the 382 patients prescribed orthoses, 235 (61.5%) received their orthoses; 186 (48.7%) filled out the survey. Race and whether or not the patient received the orthosis were found to be significant predictors of survey completion. Race, type of insurance, and amount of orthotic cost covered by insurance were significant predictors of whether or not patients received their prescribed orthoses. Type of orthosis, diabetes as a comorbidity, education, income, sex, and diagnosis were not significant predictors of whether the patient received the orthosis. Qualitative results from the survey revealed that among those receiving their orthoses, 87% experienced improvement in symptoms: 21% felt completely relieved, 66% felt better, 10% felt no different, and 3% felt worse. Conclusion: We found that white patients had almost 3 times the odds of receiving prescribed orthoses as black patients, even after controlling for type of insurance, suggesting race to be the primary driver of discrepancies, raising the question of what can be done to address these inequalities. While large, systematic change will be necessary, some strategies can be employed by those working directly in patient care, such as informing primary care practices of their ability to see patients with limited insurance, limiting blanket refusal policies for government insurance, and educating office staff on how to efficiently work with Medicare and Medicaid. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
Diagnosis of Adult Onset Still’s Disease in a Patient Who has recovered from Coronavirus-19
Authors: Alshablan Abdullah , Jabbad Reem , Tayeb Sarah , Albeshri Tariq , Yelamanchili Suvarna Raju , Rabie Nada , Almutairi Fahdah , Samannodi Mohammed 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Adult Still’s disease (ASD) is an uncommon inflammatory disorder characterized by fevers, a salmon-colored rash, and arthritis. Cytokines storm syndrome related to Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) usually occur in acute period of COVID-19 and can mimic clinical features of ASD. Case report: We present a case of a 27-year-old male who was hospitalized in July 2020 due to fever, sore throat, multiple joint pain, and body rash for 2 weeks. Patient recovered from COVID-19 8 weeks ago but his nasopharyngeal SARS CoV-2 PCR was still positive on current hospitalization. Post COVID-19 cytokines storm syndrome post COVID-19 was suspected but after further assessment and investigations, diagnosis of ASD was established and patient was treated with corticosteroids therapy and had favorable outcome. Conclusion: During COVID-19 pandemic, diagnosis of many other diseases either were delayed or missed. We encourage all clinicians to have a broader differential diagnosis to improve patient care and outcome.
Using Design Thinking to Explore Rural Experiential Education Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Wolcott Michael D , McLaughlin Jacqueline E , Hubbard Devin K , Williams Charlene R , Kiser Stephanie N 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Design thinking is a creative problem-solving framework that can be used to better understand challenges and generate solutions in health professions education, such as the barriers to rural education. Rural education experiences can benefit students, providers, and patients; however, placement in and maintenance of rural education experiences offer unique challenges. Design thinking offers strategies to explore and address these challenges. Methods: This study used a design thinking framework to identify barriers of student placement in rural locations; this was accomplished using strategies to empathize with users (eg, students, practitioners, and administrators) and define the problem. Data were collected from focus groups, interviews, and a design thinking workshop. Design activities promoted participant discussion by drawing pictures, discussing findings, and creating empathy maps of student experiences. Qualitative data were analyzed to identify salient barriers to rural experience selection and opportunities for support. Result: Focus group (n = 6), interview (n = 13), and workshop participants (n = 18) identified substantial advantages (eg, exposure to a wider variety of patients, less bureaucracy and constraints, more time with faculty) and disadvantages (eg, isolation, lack of housing, and commuting distances) of rural experiences. Participants identified physical, emotional, and social isolation as a significant barrier to student interest in and engagement in rural experiences. Workshop participants were able to generate over 100 ideas to address the most prominent theme of isolation. Discussion: Design thinking strategies can be used to explore health professions education challenges, such as placement in rural settings. Through engagement with students, practitioners, and administrators it was identified that physical, social, and emotional isolation presents a significant barrier to student placement in rural experiences. This perspective can inform support systems for students, preceptors, and communities that participate in rural educational experiences.