bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Homocysteine and Prognosis of Patients with Recanalization after Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: An Analysis from the Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study (BASILAR) Nationwide Prospective Registry
Authors: Sun Xiangrong , Yang Qian , Ju Xinyue , Wang Shenglin , Qiu Zhongming , Sang Hongfei , Zi Wenjie , Yang Qingwu , Jiang Guohui 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Few studies have investigated the association between plasma Homocysteine
(Hcy) levels in patients with recanalization after acute Basilar Artery Occlusion (BAO).

Objective:
This study investigated the predictive value of Hcy on the clinical prognosis of patients
with recanalization after acute BAO.

Methods:
Altogether, 829 participants were recruited from the standard medical treatment plus endovascular
treatment group of the Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study (BASILAR). Hcy levels
were measured the morning after admission. The primary outcome was a combination of death and
major disability (modified Rankin Scale score 4-6) at 90 days, and the secondary outcome was the
mortality of patients with recanalization after acute BAO within 90 days. We used multivariable logistic
regression modeling to estimate the association between Hcy and prognosis in our participants
at 90 days.

Results:
Altogether, 647 patients were assessed, and 302 patients were included in this study. The
median was 12.88 μmol/L, and the mean Hcy concentration was 15.49 μmol/L. Elevated plasma
Hcy levels (Hcy >12.88 μmol/L) were associated with poor functional outcomes (adjusted odds ratio
1.922, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.048-3.528, P=0.035), but not with mortality (adjusted
odds ratio 1.605, 95% CI 0.986-2.489, P=0.058). In further subgroup analysis, the conclusion was
consistent in all predefined subgroups.

Conclusion:
Our analysis suggests that elevated plasma Hcy levels have a predictive value for functional
outcomes in patients with recanalization after acute BAO during the 90-day follow-up period,
but not for mortality.
Longitudinal Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Cho Soo-Hyun , Rhee Hak Y. , Oh Janghoon , Lee Jin S. , Park Soonchan , Shin Won C. , Paik Jong-Woo , Ryu Chang-Woo , Park Key C. , Jahng Geon-Ho 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Longitudinal changes of brain metabolites during a functional stimulation
are unknown in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) subjects.

Objective:
This study was to evaluate the longitudinal changes of brain metabolites using proton
magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in response to treatment during a memory task in the
subjects of cognitive normal (CN), aMCI, and AD.

Methods:
We acquired functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) data from 28 CN elderly,
16 aMCI and 12 AD subjects during a face-name association task. We measured fMRS metabolite
ratios over 24 months in the 8-month apart, determined the temporal changes of the metabolites,
and evaluated the differences among the three groups under the three different conditions
(base, novel, repeat).

Results:
The results of comparisons for the three subject groups and the three-time points showed
that tNAA/tCho and tCr/tCho were statistically significant among the three subject groups in any
of the three conditions. The dynamic temporal change measurements for the metabolites for each
condition showed that Glx/tCho and Glu/tCho levels at the third visit increased significantly compared
with in the first visit in the novel condition in the AD group.

Conclusion:
We found declines in tNAA/tCho and tCr/tCho in the aMCI and AD subjects with increasing disease severity, being highest in CN and lowest in AD. The Glx/tCho level increased temporally in the AD subjects after they took an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor. Therefore, Glx may be suitable to demonstrate functional recovery after treatment.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Targeted Drug Delivery: Literature Review and Exploratory Data on Migrating and Differentiation Capacities of Bone MSCs into Hepatic Progenitor Cells
Authors: Zhu Xulong , Yan Tan , Cheng Chong , Ma Jia , Xiang Junxi , Lv Yi , Wang Jue , Huo Binliang , Zhang Feifei , Wu Shuhan , Bai Lu , Li Jianhui 
Published: July 2021

Background and Objective:
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), particularly bone MSCs
(BMSCs) offer great potentials for targeted therapeutic applications owing to their migratory and
differentiation capacities. Significant advances have been achieved in the differentiation of hepatocyte
or hepatocyte-like cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, there is limited knowledge on the
differentiation of BMSCs into bipotential hepatic progenitor cells or cholangiocyte. This study reviews
the potentials and advances in using MSCs as vehicles for targeted drug delivery and proposes
a new method for the induction of differentiation in rat BMSCs into hepatic progenitor cells in
vitro and assesses the differential and migratory capacities.

Methods:
The BMSCs of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were harvested from the femur and the tibiae
of the rats. After isolation and culturing, BMSCs from Passage 1 were used for the study. The in
vitro differentiation of the hepatic progenitor cells was performed using a 2-step induction approach
after 5-day serum deprivation from the BMSCs and culturing in Dulbecco's modified eagle
medium. Spontaneous in vitro differentiation of BMSCs was examined in the absence of growth
factors for 15 days as control treatment. Hepatocytes differentiation was achieved by exposing the
culture to collagen type I-coated plates. Cholangiocytes differentiation was achieved with replating
the BMC-HepPCs on a layer of Matrigel. Immunofluorescence was conducted on twelve-well
plates to determine cell differentiations. Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRTPCR)
was used to determine the total RNA extracted using the Trizol LS reagent. In the hepatocyte
differentiation group, after periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining for glycogen, inverted microscope
was used to determine differentiations and undifferentiated BMC-HepPCs served as controls.
The amount of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake by the BMSCs-derived hepatocytes was assessed
using fluorescence microscopy. The secretion of rat albumin was quantified using a quantitative
ELISA kit.

Results:
Differentiation induction is indicative of the sequential supplementation of sodium butyrate
and cytokines, which are involved in the embryonic development of the mammalian liver.
Hepatic progenitor cells, derived from bone marrow, can be differentiated bidirectionally in vitro
into both hepatocyte and cholangiocyte cell-lines. The differentiated cells, including hepatic progenitor
cells, hepatocytes, and bile duct-like cells, were identified and analyzed at mRNA and protein
levels.

Conclusion:
Our findings show that BMSCs can be utilized as novel bipotential hepatic progenitor
cells and thereby for hepatobiliary disease treatment or hepatobiliary tissue-engineering.
Application of Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Separation of
Target Materials: A Review
Authors: Faridi-Majidi Reza , Nekounam Houra , Babaei Mahrokh , Kisomi Misagh Fathi , Pourkhodadad Soheila , Mahmoodi Narges , Nazbar Abolfazl , Hasanzadeh Elham , Zarei Mojtaba 
Published: July 2021

:
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have unique properties that have made them widely used
in medicine and biology. They are easy to work with due to their responsiveness to external magnetic
force. Functionalization of nanoparticles(NPs) effectively improves performance, increases stability
in the body and acidic environment, and prevents the agglomeration of the particles. One of the important
applications of these NPs is in the separation of materials as solid-phase extracting agents.
On the other hand, functionalizing these NPs can increase the efficiency, stability, specificity, and
sensitivity of the structure to separate the target. In this paper, various material separation studies
were collected and classified into several main groups based on material types. Study groups included
functional MNPs for separating pathogen, organic and inorganic substances of environmental
resources, removal of heavy metal ions, separation of biomolecules, isolation of cells, especially
tumor cells, and harvesting the microalgae. The results showed that this method has advantages such
as high sensitivity and specificity, is easy to use without needing an operator, low costs, and is a
time-saving technique for not requiring sample preparation and concentration.
MiR-125b Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Human
Colon Cancer SW480 Cells via Targeting STAT3
Authors: Zhang Junhe , Yang Wenwen , Xiao Yunxi , Shan Linlin 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Multiple
studies have unveiled the key role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of various
types of cancer. However, the mechanism of action of miR-125b in the development and progression
of colon cancer remains unknown.

Objective:
In this study, we explored the association of miR-125b and signal transducer and activator
of transcription 3 (STAT3) and its role in the proliferation and apoptosis of SW480 colon cancer
cells.

Methods:
The miR-125b expression in NCM460, SW480, HT29, and HCT8 cells was detected using
quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). SW480 cells were transfected
with lentiviruses of GFP-miR-125b and GFP-NC to establish a stable miR-125b overexpression
colon cancer cell model and a control model. The targeting relationship between miR-125b and
STAT3 was analyzed using bioinformatics and verified by the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay.
Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and TUNEL
staining. The expression levels of STAT3, Bcl-2, and Bax were analyzed using Western blot analysis.

Results:
It was found that the relative mRNA expression of miR-125b was decreased in SW480,
HT29, and HCT8 cells compared with that in NCM460 cells (P<0.05). The luciferase reporter gene
assay confirmed that miR-125b downregulated the STAT3 gene expression (P<0.05). Overexpression
of miR-125b inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in SW480 colon cancer cells and
was accompanied by upregulated Bax expression and downregulated Bcl-2 expression (P<0.05).
Re-expression of STAT3 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis, whereas Bcl-2 expression
increased, and Bax expression decreased (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
The miR-125b regulates the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 by downregulating the expression
of STAT3, thereby inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of SW480 colon cancer
cells.
Inhibitory Effect of PD-1/PD-L1 and Blockade Immunotherapy in
Leukemia
Authors: Liu Miao , Zhang Wei Emma , Xing Kai , Zhou Pan , Li Jiaojiao 
Published: July 2021

Background:
PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment
of a variety of solid tumors. Some clinical trials have also confirmed the excellent efficacy of PD-
1/PD-L1 inhibitors on lymphoma. However, the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors on leukemia
remains unclear.

Main body:
To understand the connection between PD-1/PD-L1 and leukemia better, this review
concentrates on the up-regulated expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade trials in
participants with leukemia. PD-1/PD-L1 signal performs momentously negative immunoregulation
of cancer, which can inhibit the activation of cytotoxic T cells and involve in the immune escape in
tumors. Activated PD-1/PD-L1 may transduce negative intracellular signals to block the mitotic
cycle and the development of T-cells. Several pathways are involved in these critical biochemical
processes, including MAPK, calcium, PI3K/AKT, and so on. Lately, PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have
illustrated unprecedented curative effects on Hodgkin's lymphoma and some solid tumors.
Specimens from patients with leukemia demonstrated the elevated level of PD-1/PD-L1 in T
lymphocytes. This finding inspired hematologists to use PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for subjects
suffering from leukemia. Some clinical trials have implied that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors could help
patients fight against leukemia, however, other researchers have reported the opposite results.

Conclusions:
PD-1/PD-L1 is upregulated in leukemia, but the results regarding PD-1/PD-L1
blockade are mixed and more clinical trials are needed to be conducted.
Identification of Natural Compounds to Inhibit Sonic Hedgehog Pathway in Oral
Cancer
Authors: Shah Franky , Patel Hitarth , Joshi Jigna , Raval Apexa 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Conventional treatment resistance remains a significant problem in cancer care. Cancer stem
cells might play a major role in treatment resistance, and as a result, basic stem cell pathways are instrumental in cancer.
Sonic Hedgehog signaling has not been widely studied in oral cancer, and being one of the major cancer stem cell
pathways, targeting it with natural compounds could open many opportunities in the treatment scenario.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to identify the role of various natural compounds as an anti-cancer agent for
oral cancer by targeting the Hedgehog signaling pathway.

Methods:
The selection of natural compounds were identified through literature review and NPACT database. The
protein (3M1N and 3MXW) and ligand molecules were retrieved through the PDB and PubChem database. To carry
out docking experiments, the AutoDock 4.2 program was used to study the interaction between the identified protein
and ligand.

Results:
Among the 13 identified natural compounds, the top three were selected based on their binding energy. The
higher the binding energy on the negative side, the better the interaction formed between protein and ligand. The natural
compound showing best results with 3M1N protein were Butein, Biochanin-A, and Curcumin, whereas, with
3MXW, Zerumbone, Curcumin, and Butein were identified.

Conclusion:
The identified natural compounds have shown better binding energy to bind the Hh ligands in the absence/
presence of a known Sonic Hedgehog inhibitor. Based on the results, natural compounds can be utilized in the
current treatment modality for oral cancer either as an individual anti-cancer agent or in combination with the known
Sonic Hedgehog inhibitor to curb the increasing incidence rate. Yet, in-vitro evidence in lab setup is required.
SAR131675 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Induces Apoptosis through Bcl-
2/Bax/Cyto c Mitochondrial Pathway in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Aghaei Mahmoud , Babaei Zeinab , Panjehpour Mojtaba , Parsian Hadi 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) can be used to inhibit cancer cell proliferation by targeting
the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family. SAR131675 is a highly selective receptor tyrosine
kinase inhibitor to VEGFR3 that reveals the inhibitory effect on proliferation in human lymphatic endothelial cells.
However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are generally unclear.

Objective:
This study was performed to investigate the possible involvement of the Bcl-2/Bax/Cyto c apoptosis pathway
in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). In addition, the role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
and mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated.

Methods:
The effect of SAR131675 on HUVEC cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The activity of
SAR131675 in inducing apoptosis was carried out through the detection of Annexin V-FITC/PI signal by flow cytometry.
To determine the mechanisms underlying SAR131675 induced apoptosis, the mitochondrial membrane potential,
ROS generation, the activity of caspase-3, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-2, Bax, and cytochrome
c were evaluated in HUVECs.

Results:
SAR131675 significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner.
Moreover, SAR131675 induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS generation, Bcl-2 down-regulation, Bax upregulation,
cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation, which displays features of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis
signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
Our present data demonstrated that SAR131675-induced cytotoxicity in HUVECs associated with the
mitochondria apoptotic pathway. These results suggest that further studies are required to fully elucidate the role of
TKIs in these cellular processes.
The Effect of GLUT1 on the Survival Rate and Immune Cell Infiltration of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta and Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Guihua , Dong Rong , Kong Demiao , Liu Bo , Zha Yan , Luo Meng 
Published: July 2021

Background:Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are two major subtypes of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Studies have shown that abnormal expression of glucose transport type 1 (GLUT1) in NSCLC patients has been associated with cancer progression, aggressiveness, and poor clinical outcome. However, the clinical effect of GLUT1 expression on LUAD and LUSC is unclear.Objective:This study aims to learn more about the character of GLUT1 in LUAD and LUSC.Methods:A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the GLUT1 protein level, and the bioinformatics analysis was used to detect the GLUT1 mRNA expression level, survival differences, and the infiltration abundance of immune cells in samples from TCGA. Meanwhile, functional and network analysis was conducted to detect important signaling pathways and key genes with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset.Results:Our results showed that GLUT1 was over-expressed both in LUAD and LUSC. LUAD patients with high GLUT1 expression had a poor prognosis. Additionally, GLUT1 was related to B cell and neutrophil infiltration of LUAD. In LUSC, GLUT1 was correlated with tumor purity, B cell, CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, macrophage, neutrophil, and dendritic cell infiltration. The GEO dataset analysis results suggested GLUT1 potentially participated in the p53 signaling pathway and metabolism of xenobiotics through cytochrome P450 and was associated with KDR, TOX3, AGR2, FOXA1, ERBB3, ANGPT1, and COL4A3 gene in LUAD and LUSC.Conclusion:GLUT1 might be a potential biomarker for aggressive progression and poor prognosis in LUAD, and a therapeutic biomarker in LUSC.
A Review of T-spline Surfaces
Authors: Shou Huahao , Ren Haojie , Lin Hongwei 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Curved modeling technology originated from the geometric lofting and
design of aircrafts, automobiles and ships. The control points of the traditional B-spline mesh should
be placed regularly in whole rows and columns. A T-spline surface is a B-spline surface that allows
T-junctions. It can overcome the limitations of traditional B-mesh topology and has its own advantages
in surface splicing, surface fining, surface simplification, etc. T-spline has wide application
prospects in product modeling, art design, animation production, numerical control machining, volume
data expression, and other aspects.

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to summarize the properties, algorithms, and applications
of T-splines. It helps scholars in determining the research status of T-splines and in further exploring
the theories related to the applications of T-splines.

Methods:
This paper reviews the theories on T-splines and their applications from four aspects.
First, we discuss the development of the concept, properties, and algorithms of T-splines and the Tspline
reconstruction. Then, we conducted an isogeometric analysis using T-splines. Next, we
demonstrate the applications of T-splines in actual scenarios. Finally, we present a brief summary of
the paper and expectations for the future.

Results:
The paper provides a brief introduction to the relevant papers on T-splines. The research on
T-spline technology is currently active, and there are many studies on T-spline theories and applications.
Among these, the spline theory on T-mesh has aroused widespread interest in engineering,
especially in Computer-Aided Geometric Design (CAGD) and computer graphics.

Conclusion:
The T-spline surface is the most important new spline surface in the CADG field since
the creation of the B-spline surface and non-uniform rational B-spline surface. Although the surface
modeling technology based on the T-spline surface is developing rapidly, there are still some problems
that need to be further studied.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Following Blood Transfusion: A Rare Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Gurumukhani Jayanti K , Patel Harsh D. , Patel Dhruvkumar M. , Patel Mukundkumar V. , Patel Maitri M. , Mahuwala Zabeen K. , Desai Joy 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is clinicoradiological disease entity characterized by headache, seizures, altered sensorium and corticalvisual loss with characteristic MRI features of subcortical white matter hyperintensities on T2W imaging. Though hypertension is a traditional hallmark of PRES, uncommon causes without hypertension have been described. We report an unusual such case without hypertension, precipitated by red cell transfusion.

Case Presentation:
A 40 years female received six units of packed cell transfusion for severe anemia (Hemoglobin 3.0 Gm %) transfused over 8 hours. She was having menorrhagia and was operated on for a hysterectomy. She developed a headache on the second postoperative day for five days and no cause was revealed in spite of extensive workup, including MRI brain and CSF study. On the sixth day, she had recurrent seizures followed by altered sensorium in the absence of hypertension. Her repeat MRI brain findings were consistent with PRES.

Conclusion:
We reviewed 25 cases, including the present one as PRES after the blood transfusion. 24 were females, and 16 of 19 developed PRES in the course of chronic anemia lasting over 1 month. Anemia was severe in 18 of 25 cases, with haemoglobin (Hb) levels < 4.0 Gm%. In 16 of 20 cases, Hb levels increased to 5 g/dl by red cell blood transfusion until the onset of PRES. On MRI brain, 23 of 25 cases showed vasogenic edema and 3 of 25 cases showed an irreversible neurological deficit. When treating severe chronic anemia rapid correction of Hb with blood transfusion, one should consider a possibility of PRES in post-transfusion neurological symptoms in spite of normal diagnostic workup.