bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochar Adsorption: A Green Approach to PFAS Contaminant Removal
Authors: Chavan Darshana , Mayilswamy Neelaambhigai , Chame Satkirti , Kandasubramanian Balasubramanian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe widespread use of PFAS in nonstick cookware, hydrophobic textiles, stain‐resistant fabrics, cosmetics, and floor coverings has led to their persistent presence in wastewater streams, posing significant human health and ecological risks. Exposure to PFAS is linked to adverse reproductive outcomes and elevated blood pressure in pregnant individuals, and it negatively impacts aquatic ecosystems, particularly algal populations and microbial communities. This evaluation focuses on biochar's efficacy and cost‐efficiency in removing PFAS from water, highlighting its potential as a sustainable remediation method. Biochar's high microporous volumes (0.1–1.0 cm³/g), aromaticity, and surface oxygen‐containing functional groups make it effective for PFAS adsorption. Various biochar production methods, such as pyrolysis of biomass waste, and innovative modification techniques like acid treatment, ball milling, and metal nanoparticle incorporation are explored to enhance PFAS adsorption capacity. The mechanisms, kinetics, and thermodynamics of PFAS adsorption onto biochar are examined, providing insights into molecular‐level interactions and adsorption isotherms. Furthermore, machine learning models are utilized to understand the impact of processing parameters on PFAS removal efficiency. The review also presents toxicological studies on the harmful effects of PFAS exposure on organisms and humans, emphasizing the urgent need for effective remediation strategies. Ultimately, the potential of biochar‐based approaches in treating PFAS‐contaminated water is underscored by optimizing its physicochemical properties through innovative production and modification methods, along with predictive modeling of adsorption behavior.
One‐Step Nucleic Acid Amplification Analysis of Sentinel Nodes in Endometrial Cancer Versus Ultrastaging: First Long‐Term Follow‐Up Data of Discordant Cases
Authors: Kosťun Jan , Ismail Khaled M. , Pešta Martin , Slunečko Robert , Stráník Petr , Smoligová Vendula , Presl Jiří 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsEndometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer worldwide and its incidence is rising. The cornerstone of its management is surgical treatment with nodal staging. A monocentric study investigating the potential of the molecular biology method of one‐step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) in sentinel lymph node (SLN) analysis was conducted at our institution between April 2016 and January 2018. Histopathological ultrastaging was used as the reference standard for SLN examination and OSNA as the index test. The aim of this study was to assess the long‐term outcome of patients with discordant SLN and OSNA results. To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring this issue.Methods and ResultsPatients were followed in line with the current ESMO/ESGO/ESTRO recommendations. The institutional electronic database was retrospectively searched for patients' follow‐up data from April 2016 till March 2023. Only patients who provided a written valid consent and had a positive OSNA and negative ultrastaging of their SLN analysis were included in the study. The primary endpoint was the retrospective analysis of their clinical outcome. Data from 58 patients enrolled into our previous study were reviewed and 12 discordant patients who met the inclusion criteria for this study were identified. The median follow‐up was 83 months. Disease recurrence was detected in 3 (25%) patients, two of these were nodal and both patients died. One patient had a solitary lung metastasis which was surgically treated, and the patient was disease‐free during the whole study period.ConclusionThe recurrence rate of patients included in the study was in the intermediate‐high and high‐risk group range, and hence, higher than expected based on ultrastaging results. Furthermore, benign epithelial inclusions do not seem to adversely affect OSNA SLN analysis in EC patients.
Research on Industrial Process Fault Diagnosis Based on Deep Spatiotemporal Fusion Graph Convolutional Network
Authors: Qian Qiang , Ma Ping , Wang Nini , Zhang Hongli , Wang Cong , Li Xinkai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIndustrial processes are specialized and intricate systems. Current intelligent fault diagnosis methods do not take into account the interactions between individual units and variables, instead using only the temporal or Euclidean geometric space characteristics of industrial process data. How to utilize the complex relationship between variables for fault diagnosis remains an issue to be solved. This study proposed a fault diagnosis framework based on the deep spatiotemporal fusion graph convolutional network (DSTFGCN) for graph representation learning of correlations between variables. First, the maximum information coefficient was introduced to represent the complex correlation between variables in the graph signal construction process. Second, to effectively extract spatiotemporal features from the data, the graph convolutional network (GCN) and the convolutional neural network (CNN) were introduced into the DSTFGCN for mining complex spatial features in the data, and the long short‐term memory (LSTM) network was employed to capture the evolution of multivariate time series. Consequently, the fault detection and false‐positive rates of the proposed model were, respectively, 94.45% and 0.22% in the Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP), whereas the rates were, respectively, 99.61% and 0.07% on the Three‐Phase Flow Facility (TPFF) datasets. These experimental results demonstrate the excellent performance and robustness of the proposed model, compared to those of both machine learning and deep learning models.
Intestinal oxygen utilisation and cellular adaptation during intestinal ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Archontakis‐Barakakis Paraschos , Mavridis Theodoros , Chlorogiannis David‐Dimitris , Barakakis Georgios , Laou Eleni , Sessler Daniel I. , Gkiokas George , Chalkias Athanasios 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract can be deranged by ailments including sepsis, trauma and haemorrhage. Ischaemic injury provokes a common constellation of microscopic and macroscopic changes that, together with the paradoxical exacerbation of cellular dysfunction and death following restoration of blood flow, are collectively known as ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Although much of the gastrointestinal tract is normally hypoxemic, intestinal IRI results when there is inadequate oxygen availability due to poor supply (pathological hypoxia) or abnormal tissue oxygen use and metabolism (dysoxia). Intestinal oxygen uptake usually remains constant over a wide range of blood flows and pressures, with cellular function being substantively compromised when ischaemia leads to a >50% decline in intestinal oxygen consumption. Restoration of perfusion and oxygenation provokes additional injury, resulting in mucosal damage and disruption of intestinal barrier function. The primary cellular mechanism for sensing hypoxia and for activating a cascade of cellular responses to mitigate the injury is a family of heterodimer proteins called hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs). The HIF system is connected to numerous biochemical and immunologic pathways induced by IRI and the concentration of those proteins increases during hypoxia and dysoxia. Activation of the HIF system leads to augmented transcription of specific genes in various types of affected cells, but may also augment apoptotic and inflammatory processes, thus aggravating gut injury.Key points
During intestinal ischaemia, mitochondrial oxygen uptake is reduced when cellular oxygen partial pressure decreases to below the threshold required to maintain normal oxidative metabolism.
Upon reperfusion, intestinal hypoxia may persist because microcirculatory flow remains impaired and/or because available oxygen is consumed by enzymes, intestinal cells and neutrophils.
Differentiating reactive and neoplastic gamma‐delta (γδ) T‐cell expansions in the peripheral blood and bone marrow
Authors: Tariq Hamza , Ilyas Zubair , Fu Lucy , Liu Yijie , Chen Qing Ching , Wolniak Kristy , Chen Yi‐Hua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe clinical and immunophenotypic attributes of reactive γδ T‐cell expansions are less well characterized than their malignant counterparts, which can pose diagnostic challenges. This study aims to investigate the characteristics and long‐term clinical outcomes of reactive γδ T‐cell expansions. A retrospective review was performed to identify patients with expanded γδ T‐cell population (>15% of T‐cells) by flow cytometry in peripheral blood and/or bone marrow specimens over a 17‐year period. The cases were divided into reactive and malignant categories and their clinical and immunophenotypic findings were compared. Clinical follow‐up was performed. 97 patients were identified including 19 malignant and 78 reactive cases with a variety of underlying conditions. The median absolute γδ T‐cell count and median percentage of γδ T‐cells per total T‐cells were significantly lower in reactive vs. malignant cases (p = 0.0001 and p < 0.00001, respectively). Reactive cases showed more frequent brighter surface CD3 expression (87.1% vs. 42.1%; p < 0.0001), no discrete loss of CD7 (0% vs. 36.9%; p < 0.0001), less frequent lack of CD5 (25.7% vs. 42.4%; p < 0.0001), and no homogeneous CD56 expression (0% vs. 31.6%; p > 0.0001) as compared with malignant cases. Upon long‐term follow‐up, none of the reactive cases showed clinical evidence of malignant evolution. Reactive expansions of γδ T‐cells can be seen in a variety of conditions including hematologic neoplasms, autoimmune and post‐transplant states, and infections. Such cases have significantly lower γδ T‐cell counts and percentages and no discrete loss of CD7. Lack of CD5 on its own is not an indication of immunophenotypic aberrancy in γδ T‐cells. Upon long‐term clinical follow‐up, such reactive expansions show no evidence of evolution to γδ T‐cell malignancies.
Orthoallosteric EGFR‐TKIs: A New Paradigm in NSCLC Treatment Strategy Targeting the C797S Mutation
Authors: Ahmad Iqrar , Patel Harun M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe remarkable clinical success of third‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) has significantly advanced the treatment landscape for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the emergence of the tertiary point mutation C797S poses a substantial obstacle to their clinical efficacy, leading to a dearth of FDA‐approved targeted therapies for patients harboring this mutation. Addressing this pressing clinical challenge necessitates the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting the clinically challenging EGFR mutation. This review delves into the design strategies, antitumor activity, and crucial protein–drug interactions of recently introduced Orthoallosteric fourth‐generation EGFR‐TKIs. These inhibitors are distinguished by their ability to simultaneously engage both the canonical orthosteric (ATP) binding site and the allosteric site. By shedding light on these key aspects, the review serves as a valuable resource for medicinal chemists, empowering them to propel the advancement of fourth‐generation EGFR inhibitors.
Preliminary Evidence That Shared Genetic Influences Underlie Comorbidity Between Self‐Reported Eating and Internalizing Disorders and Gastrointestinal Disease in Adult Women and Men
Authors: Mikhail Megan E. , Pascoe Laura A. , Burt S. Alexandra , Culbert Kristen M. , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAccumulating research suggests both eating disorders (EDs) and internalizing disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression) are associated with gastrointestinal disease (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease). However, the mechanisms underlying comorbidity with gastrointestinal disease—and whether they may differ for eating and internalizing disorders—remain poorly understood. Addressing these gaps is a critical first step to refining etiologic models of comorbidity and identifying potential targets for intervention.MethodParticipants included female and male twins ages 18–65 from the population‐based MSU Twin Registry (N = 5883). Lifetime history of EDs, internalizing disorders, and gastrointestinal disease was assessed via questionnaire. We first examined whether EDs and internalizing disorders were independently associated with gastrointestinal disease phenotypically. We then used trivariate Cholesky decomposition twin models to investigate whether EDs and internalizing disorders were related to gastrointestinal disease through overlapping or distinct genetic/environmental pathways.ResultsEating (OR = 2.54, p = 0.009) and internalizing (OR = 2.14, p < 0.001) disorders were independently associated with gastrointestinal disease. Conclusions were unchanged after adjusting for important covariates (e.g., body mass index, age) and did not significantly differ across sex. Twin models suggested genetic influences shared by all three conditions explained their co‐occurrence, with 31% of the variance in EDs and 12% of the variance in gastrointestinal disease attributable to genetic influences shared with internalizing disorders.ConclusionShared genetic mechanisms may contribute to comorbidity between EDs, internalizing disorders, and gastrointestinal disease. Identifying overlapping molecular pathways could potentially lead to novel interventions that simultaneously address all three conditions.
Population persistence, phenotypic divergence, and metabolic adaptation in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.)
Authors: Losapio Gianalberto , Doussot Baptiste , Araniti Fabrizio , Bruno Leonardo , Guevara Roger , Dirzo Rodolfo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClimate change threatens biodiversity as populations can persist if they migrate or adapt to the rapidly changing conditions of the Anthropocene. However, the metabolic mechanisms underlying plant population persistence under the long‐term trends of increasing temperature and drought remain unclear. Here, we investigate the persistence and adaptation of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) populations over 100 years of climate change. We resurveyed historical sites spanning a broad climatic gradient (from 1 m to 3200 m above sea level) and analyzed metabolic diversity in a common‐garden experiment. We report that nine out of ten populations persisted locally, showing phenotypic and metabolic differentiation. The only population potentially extirpated is that of the hottest and driest site. A complex interaction between increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns shaped plant growth across populations. Populations from warmer sites in coastal and mountain regions grew taller than 100 years ago, whereas populations from drier sites in lowlands and foothills became shorter. Furthermore, we document differentiation in metabolic diversity involving plant defenses and stress response. These findings suggest that ongoing adaptation is constrained by long‐term changes in temperature and precipitation as well as by local biotic interactions. Preserving locally adapted populations and their metabolic diversity is key for conservation efforts in the face of accelerating climate change.
Numerical model and effect of site condition on the coupled dynamic characteristics of water storage tank of AP1000 shield building
Authors: Liu Jia , Li Jianbo , Li Zhiyuan , Sun Yongtao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSince the Fukushima nuclear incident in 2011, the focus on nuclear safety has intensified significantly, leading to heightened demands for nuclear power plant modeling to go beyond the mere dynamic analysis of soil–structure interaction (SSI) or fluid–structure interaction (FSI). In current engineering practice, FSI is typically described using simplified forms, such as loads or added mass. However, this approach lacks a comprehensive analytical framework that integrates refined FSI analysis with soil–structure interaction (SSI). This study analyzes the dynamic response of the nuclear island structural system using a fully coupled fluid–structure–soil interaction (FSSI) model. The effectiveness and validity of the model are verified through case comparisons. Simulations were conducted using the parameters of five different types of nuclear power engineering sites for both homogeneous and layered foundations. The results indicated that the hydrodynamic pressure response and acceleration amplification of layered foundations significantly exceeded those of homogeneous foundations, underscoring the importance of considering layered sites in the comprehensive complex modeling of nuclear power projects.
Low‐Temperature Thermochronologic Analysis and Geologic Significance of the Northern Part of the Western Margin of the Ordos Basin: A Case Study of the Moergou Profile in the Zhuozishan Area, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Guangyuan Xing , Zhanli Ren , Kai Qi , Sasa Guo , Yanzhao Liu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe northern part of the western margin of the Ordos Basin is located between the Alxa Block, the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, and the Ordos Basin, with a special structural location, making it an ideal area for studying surface action processes and tectonic dynamic evolution. Since the Mesozoic era, the region has undergone multiple stages of tectonic deformation and exhumation, but the exhumation events of different strata have significant differences. In this paper, we use apatite fission track (AFT) to study the Middle–Upper Proterozoic to Upper Paleozoic samples from the Moergou profile in the Zhuozishan area of Wuhai City. The central ages of the three sandstone samples are 153 ± 6.6, 125 ± 6, and 135 ± 5 Ma. The thermal history simulation results indicate that the area has undergone multiple cooling periods since the Mesozoic era, including (i) Late Jurassic (160–150 Ma), (ii) Late Early Cretaceous (130–110 Ma), and (iii) Cenozoic (~20 Ma). Additionally, we have discovered that the Changcheng System near the core of the Zhuozishan anticline was uplifted earlier and at a faster rate than the Taiyuan Formation located on both wings. The research area was affected by the Yanshanian orogeny and began to rapidly uplift from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. The maximum paleogeothermal temperature was reached in the Late Jurassic and then rapidly uplifted to a partial annealing zone. Since the Miocene, it rapidly rose to the surface. The Late Jurassic tectonic exhumation indicated by thermochronology corresponds to the formation of thrust‐fold structures in the western margin.
Semantic Integration Demands Modulate Large‐Scale Network Interactions in the Brain
Authors: Nieberlein Laura , Martin Sandra , Williams Kathleen A. , Gussew Alexander , Cyriaks Sophia D. , Scheer Maximilian , Rampp Stefan , Prell Julian , Hartwigsen Gesa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe ability to integrate semantic information into the context of a sentence is essential for human communication. Several studies have shown that the predictability of a final keyword based on the sentence context influences semantic integration on the behavioral, neurophysiological, and neural level. However, the architecture of the underlying network interactions for semantic integration across the lifespan remains unclear. In this study, 32 healthy participants (30–75 years) performed an auditory cloze probability task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), requiring lexical decisions on the sentence's final words. Semantic integration demands were implicitly modulated by presenting sentences with expected, unexpected, anomalous, or pseudoword endings. To elucidate network interactions supporting semantic integration, we combined univariate task‐based fMRI analyses with seed‐based connectivity and between‐network connectivity analyses. Behavioral data revealed typical semantic integration effects, with increased integration demands being associated with longer response latencies and reduced accuracy. Univariate results demonstrated increased left frontal and temporal brain activity for sentences with higher integration demands. Between‐network interactions highlighted the role of task‐positive and default mode networks for sentence processing with increased semantic integration demands. Furthermore, increasing integration demands led to a higher number of behaviorally relevant network interactions, suggesting that the increased between‐network coupling becomes more relevant for successful task performance as integration demands increase. Our findings elucidate the complex network interactions underlying semantic integration across the aging continuum. Stronger interactions between various task‐positive and default mode networks correlated with more efficient processing of sentences with increased semantic integration demands. These results may inform future studies with healthy old and clinical populations.
Development of the SPEAR Model: Separate Phases of Encoding and Retrieval Are Necessary for Storing Multiple Overlapping Associative Memories
Authors: Hasselmo Michael E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn keeping with the historical focus of this special issue of Hippocampus, this paper reviews the history of my development of the SPEAR model. The SPEAR model proposes that separate phases of encoding and retrieval (SPEAR) allow effective storage of multiple overlapping associative memories in the hippocampal formation and other cortical structures. The separate phases for encoding and retrieval are proposed to occur within different phases of theta rhythm with a cycle time on the order of 125 ms. The same framework applies to the slower transition between encoding and consolidation dynamics regulated by acetylcholine. The review includes description of the experimental data on acetylcholine and theta rhythm that motivated this model, the realization that existing associative memory models require these different dynamics, and the subsequent experimental data supporting these dynamics. The review also includes discussion of my work on the encoding of episodic memories as spatiotemporal trajectories, and some personal description of the episodic memories from my own spatiotemporal trajectory as I worked on this model.