bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical devices nomenclature systems: a scoping review
Authors: Iadanza Ernesto , Cerofolini Samuele , Lombardo Chiara , Satta Francesca , Gherardelli Monica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInventory is a fundamental process throughout the life cycle of medical devices. The maintenance program for each piece of equipment must comply with current regulations that are constantly evolving. The need to set up an evidence based management of the inventory of thousands of medical devices hosted in the Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), in Florence (Italy), has suggested to conceive a method to group medical devices in sub-classes, in order to monitor their performances and maintenance. The starting point to reach this goal is to establish a suitable nomenclature, a complex system of rules, codes, and definitions employed by healthcare systems and organizations to identify sets of medical devices. This paper describes the literature search performed on both Ovid and Scopus databases, that made it possible to identify several classifications and nomenclatures for medical devices. On the basis of this search, only a few works fulfil the requirement of classifying medical devices for management purposes (e.g., inventories, database, and supply chains). The analysis has shown that it is possible to reduce the number of classes into macro groups when applying the Italian National Classification of Medical Devices (CND). Although the CND nomenclature shows inconsistencies for complex groups it is an effective and successful choice, in terms of efficiency and optimization, also considering that it is the basis for the European Medical Device Nomenclature (EMDN).
Is sustainable marketing based on virtue ethics the answer to addressing socio-ecological challenges facing humankind?
Authors: Prothero Andrea , McDonagh Pierre 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis commentary provides a review of Dyck and Manchanda’s work on the use of virtue ethics, through Sociological and Ecological Thought (SET) Oriented Marketing, in tackling socio-ecological challenges within society. While we concur with the focus of the paper on moving away from a central emphasis on profit maximization, we differ in how we believe this can be achieved. We critique the SET approach put forward from three key positions: (a) the SET approach and the application of virtue ethics; (b) the SET approach and the use of the marketing mix to operationalize it in practice; and, (c) the missing systemic and institutional barriers which we believe render SET problematic both theoretically and in practical terms. We conclude by suggesting that instead of utilising normative ethical theories to address socio-ecological challenges marketing researchers turn to other perspectives, such as ecofeminism.
Treatment of industrial oily wastewater by advanced technologies: a review
Authors: Adetunji Adegoke Isiaka , Olaniran Ademola Olufolahan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOily wastewater consists of fats, oils and greases together with a broad spectrum of dissolved organic and/or inorganic substances in suspension. It is regarded as one of the most hazardous wastewaters, causing serious environmental and health threats to the ecosystems, flora and fauna. The global increase in the discharge of oily wastewater coupled with stringent regulations for effluent discharge and incessant drive for re-use of treated wastewater necessitate the need for treatment of the wastewater. Conventional approaches employed in the past are inept for oily wastewater treatment due to low treatment efficiency and high operational costs, among others, hence the need for adoption of advanced technologies as promising alternatives to existing treatment systems for oily wastewater. Furthermore, the use of combined treatment processes is effective for the removal of hazardous pollutants present in high-strength oily wastewater. This review provides insights into advanced and emerging state-of-the-art technologies for safe and efficient treatment of industrial oily wastewater.
Testing of aerosolized ciprofloxacin nanocarriers on cystic fibrosis airway cells infected with P. aeruginosa biofilms
Authors: Juntke Jenny , Murgia Xabier , Günday Türeli Nazende , Türeli Akif Emre , Thorn Chelsea R. , Schneider Marc , Schneider-Daum Nicole , de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz Cristiane , Lehr Claus-Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe major pathogen found in the lungs of adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which builds antibiotic-resistant biofilms. Pulmonary delivery of antibiotics by inhalation has already been proved advantageous in the clinic, but the development of novel anti-infective aerosol medicines is complex and could benefit from adequate in vitro test systems. This work describes the first in vitro model of human bronchial epithelial cells cultivated at the air–liquid interface (ALI) and infected with P. aeruginosa biofilm and its application to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of aerosolized anti-infective nanocarriers. Such a model may facilitate the translation of novel therapeutic modalities into the clinic, reducing animal experiments and the associated problems of species differences. A preformed biofilm of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was transferred to filter-grown monolayers of the human CF cell line (CFBE41o-) at ALI and additionally supplemented with human tracheobronchial mucus. This experimental protocol provides an appropriate time window to deposit aerosolized ciprofloxacin-loaded nanocarriers at the ALI. When applied 1 h post-infection, the nanocarriers eradicated all planktonic bacteria and reduced the biofilm fraction of the pathogen by log 6, while CFBE41o- viability and barrier properties were maintained. The here described complex in vitro model approach may open new avenues for preclinical safety and efficacy testing of aerosol medicines against P. aeruginosa lung infection.

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Ecological network analysis to link interactions between system components and performances in multispecies livestock farms
Authors: Steinmetz Lucille , Veysset Patrick , Benoit Marc , Dumont Bertrand 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganic farming relies on ecological processes to replace chemical inputs, and organic farmers have developed various strategies, including several forms of diversification, to remain viable. Herein, we hypothesized that diversified organic farming systems can enhance their performance by increasing the level of interactions between system components. We therefore performed an ecological network analysis to characterize both within-farm and farm-environment interactions. Flows were expressed on an annual basis according to the quantity of biomass exchanges multiplied by nitrogen content. Seventeen organic farms were surveyed in French grassland areas, each associating beef cattle with either sheep, pigs, or poultry. The ecological network analysis was then coupled with the assessment of farm economic, environmental, and social performances. A hierarchical clustering on principal components distinguished five groups of farms based on farm and herd size, presence of monogastrics, percentage of crops in the farm area, and system activity indicators. A large farm size, in terms of area or number of workers, can limit the implementation of a homogeneous flow network within the system. A higher level of within-system interactions did not lead to better farm economic, environmental, and social performances. Systems with large monogastric production enterprises were highly dependent on inputs, which led to less homogeneous flow networks and a poor farm nitrogen balance without gaining economic efficiency. Managing a complex system with a dense and complex flow network did not appear to increase farmers’ mental workload. To our knowledge, this study is the first to quantify farm-scale interactions using ecological network indicators in temperate livestock farms and to analyze the links between farm performance and operating processes. The ecological network analysis thus potentially provides a common framework for comparing a wide range of livestock farms. Given the variability of multispecies livestock farms, a larger database will be used to extend our conclusions.
Unterrichtsqualität in der Religionsdidaktik – fachspezifische und fachübergreifende Aspekte
Authors: Rothgangel Martin 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungVon Ausnahmen abgesehen weist der religionsdidaktische Diskurs bislang v.a. zwei Problempunkte auf: Zwar wurden diverse religionsdidaktische „Qualitätsmodelle“ publiziert, jedoch nehmen diese oftmals unzureichend aufeinander Bezug und es dominiert der theoretische Diskurs über Qualität gegenüber der empirischen Überprüfung der entsprechenden Konzepte. Dementsprechend zeigt auch der Vergleich mit dem Syntheseframework von Praetorius et al. einerseits deutliche religionsdidaktische Forschungsdesiderate auf; andererseits weisen religionsdidaktische Qualitätsmodelle auf die Bedeutung von Kontextfaktoren des Unterrichts hin und werfen drei grundsätzliche Fragen auf, die generell für die bildungswissenschaftliche Bestimmung fachspezifischer und fachübergreifender Aspekte von Unterrichtsqualität relevant sein können.
“I can try and plan, but still get pregnant”: The complexity of pregnancy intentions and reproductive health decision‐making for adolescents
Authors: Offiong Asari , Powell Terrinieka W. , Gemmill Alison , Marcell Arik V. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionTeen pregnancy rates have declined in the United States; however, disparities continue to persist particularly among minority, low‐income adolescents. A greater understanding of how pregnancy intentions are conceptualized for adolescents, and the role of the social context may illuminate reasons for disparities. The aim of this study was to expand the lens in which adolescents’ perspectives of pregnancy are studied by exploring the contextual factors that frame how pregnancy intentions are developed among urban adolescents.MethodsThirteen focus groups (N = 46) were conducted with male and female adolescents 15–19 years old in Baltimore, Maryland. Participants were recruited from local high schools, and focus groups were stratified by sex and age (15–17 and 18–19). A phenomenological approach was applied to analyze the data both deductively and inductively, allowing for themes to emerge and align within an existing conceptual framework.ResultsTwo themes identified were stated pregnancy intentions and shared schemas of sex and pregnancy. Participants discussed a range of pregnancy intentions and expressed five social perspectives which informed those intentions: sex is a gendered responsibility, teen pregnancy is cyclical and common, teen pregnancy is not a completely negative experience, having a child fulfills emotional and relational voids, and pregnancy should happen early, just not too early.ConclusionPregnancy intentions for adolescents are expansive and driven by complex social perspectives set in their context. More consideration of the context is needed to provide and offer adolescents, particularly those of vulnerable communities, supports that align with their reproductive health needs.
The Philosophy of Ecology
Authors: Justus James 
Published: May 2021

Ecology is indispensable to understanding the biological world and addressing the environmental problems humanity faces. Its philosophy has never been more important. In this book, James Justus introduces readers to the philosophically rich issues ecology poses. Besides its crucial role in biological science generally, climate change, biodiversity loss, and other looming environmental challenges make ecology's role in understanding such threats and identifying solutions to them all the more critical. When ecology is applied and its insights marshalled to address these problems and guide policy formation, interesting philosophical issues emerge. Justus sets them out in detail, and explores the often ethically charged dimensions of applied ecological science, using accessible language and a wealth of scientifically-informed examples.
Change in Hay-to-Milk Price Responsiveness with Dairy Industry Expansion
Authors: Hatzenbuehler Patrick L. , Tejeda Hernan , Hines Steven , Packham Joel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe dairy industries in California, Idaho, and New Mexico expanded rapidly during the early 2000s. This study focuses on the expansion effects on milk-to-hay price responsiveness. Dairy industry expansion makes hay markets tighter, with less available marketable supply in most periods. The empirical models account for the expansion effect as well as those from hay exports and low stocks-to-use ratios that also cause changes in hay market demand characteristics. The results show that hay-to-milk price responsiveness increased after dairy expansion in all analyzed states. Low stocks-to-use and high exports dampened the responsiveness, but were not statistically significant for all analyzed states.
A Nation’s Holy Land: Kazakhstan’s Large-Scale National Project to Map Its Sacred Geography
Authors: Tsyrempilov Nikolay , Bigozhin Ulan , Zhumabayev Batyrkhan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the project Sacred Geography of Kazakhstan, launched in 2017 in Kazakhstan as part of the nationwide program Ruqani Zhangyru (Modernization of Spirituality). The officially stated goal of the project is to cultivate a sense of patriotism in the country’s residents related to places and geographic sites that are important for the historical memory of independent Kazakhstan. The authors assume that the real goal of the project is national territorialization, or recoding of the semantics of space, by selecting, codifying, and articulating some symbols and practices, while leveling and “forgetting” others. The analysis, which is based on expert interviews and official documents, shows that this postcolonial process fits into the tendency toward ethnonationalization of Kazakhstan, in which discourse on the civil nation continues to be reproduced at the official level, while real activity is more focused on reinforcing the idea of Kazakhstan as the state of the Kazakh nation. The institutionalization of organizing and recoding the sacred landscape involves a wide variety of groups and actors. These factors may explain the success of the project in comparison to other projects being implemented under the Ruqani Zhangyru program.
Status of nutritional literacy in adolescents in the semi-rural area in Turkey and related factors
Authors: Ayer Çağla , Ergin Ahmet 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:To determine the status of nutritional literacy and its affecting factors among the adolescents who are in the 9th grade in Çivril, in Denizli province, in Turkey.Design:This is a cross-sectional study that determines the sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional habits, nutritional behaviour, nutritional literacy status of adolescents and affecting factors.Setting:Denizli, Turkey.Participants:We included 523 adolescents in ninth grade in this study.Results:Half (49·7 %) of the participants were female; 47 %, in normal BMI; and 68·1 %, non-smokers. The mean (sd) Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale score was 67·6 (sd 7·9). Nutrition literacy status was related to mothers’ education level (P 0·021); health perceptions (P 0·008); positive body perception (P 0·032); unhealthy food consumption status (P 0·017); information barriers (undecided about effort for information gathering (P 0·026), undecided about the difficulty of understanding information (P 0·042) and thinking it is difficult to understand (P 0·003)), trust in nutrition, diet information sources (nutrition and diet expert, dietitian trusting (according to others) (P 0·001), nutrition and diet expert, dietitian neutral to trust (compared with others) (P 0·011) and trust in textbooks (P 0·023)).Conclusions:The level of nutrition literacy status of participants was moderate. It is important to carry out interventions to increase the education level of women, positive body perceptions and general health perceptions of adolescents and to remove information barriers related to nutrition.
Links Between Exposure to Sexualized Instagram Images and Body Image	Concerns in Girls and Boys
Authors: Skowronski Marika , Busching Robert , Krahé Barbara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The current study examined the links between viewing female and male sexualized Instagram images (SII) and body image concerns within the three-step process of self-objectification among adolescents aged 13–18 years from Germany ( N = 300, 61% female). Participants completed measures of SII use, thin- and muscular-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance. Structural equation modeling revealed that SII use was associated with body image concerns for boys and girls via different routes. Specifically, female SII use was indirectly associated with higher body surveillance via thin-ideal internalization and subsequent valuing appearance over competence for girls. For both girls and boys, male SII use was indirectly linked to higher body surveillance via muscular-ideal internalization. Implications for the three-step model of self-objectification by sexualized social media are discussed.
Using Radiocarbon to Assess the Abundance, Distribution, and Nature of Labile Organic Carbon in Marine Sediments
Authors: DeMaster D. J. , Taylor R. S. , Smith C. R. , Isla E. , Thomas C. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPositive 14C gradients have recently been observed within the surface mixed layer of several continental‐margin sediments. The best explanation for these positive 14C gradients is the occurrence and rapid degradation of labile organic carbon (LOC) in the upper 5–10 cm of the seabed. Based on a two‐component model for sedimentary organic matter (i.e., a planktonic labile component and an older refractory component), bulk 14Corg data were used to determine the abundances of LOC within the surface mixed layers of three cores from the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf and one core from San Clemente Basin (California Borderland). LOC contents in surface samples from the four stations varied from 0.5 to 1.1 mg/cm3, comprising 20% (San Clemente Basin) to 80% (WAP, Sta. G) of the total organic carbon. By incorporating a steady state diagenetic model and particle‐mixing bioturbation coefficients, the LOC profiles were used to determine LOC turnover times (LOC τ) and LOC e‐folding depths. The LOC τ values for the West Antarctic Peninsula sediments varied from 0.09 to 0.59 years, whereas the LOC τ value from the San Clemente Basin core was 63 years. The LOC e‐folding depths for the WAP stations varied from 0.8 to 3.4 cm, in contrast to the LOC e‐folding depth in San Clemente Basin, which was 4.0 cm. LOC characteristics from the four cores examined in this study were compared to LOC data in the literature as a means of substantiating the overall 14Corg‐based approach and justifying model assumptions.
Current challenges and unmet medical needs in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Platzbecker Uwe , Kubasch Anne Sophie , Homer-Bouthiette Collin , Prebet Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplasms that are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, variable cytopenias, and a risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Most patients with MDS are affected by anemia and anemia-related symptoms, which negatively impact their quality of life. While many patients with MDS have lower-risk disease and are managed by existing treatments, there currently is no clear standard of care for many patients. For patients with higher-risk disease, the treatment priority is changing the natural history of the disease by delaying disease progression to acute myeloid leukemia and improving overall survival. However, existing treatments for MDS are generally not curative and many patients experience relapse or resistance to first-line treatment. Thus, there remains an unmet need for new, more effective but tolerable strategies to manage MDS. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of MDS, and it is becoming clear that the diverse nature of genetic abnormalities that drive MDS demands a complex and personalized treatment approach. This review will discuss some of the challenges related to the current MDS treatment landscape, as well as new approaches currently in development.
In vivo flow cytometry reveals a circadian rhythm of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Zhu Xi , Suo Yuanzhen , Fu Yuting , Zhang Fuli , Ding Nan , Pang Kai , Xie Chengying , Weng Xiaofu , Tian Meilu , He Hao , Wei Xunbin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) is an established biomarker of cancer metastasis. The circulation dynamics of CTCs are important for understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor cell dissemination. Although studies have revealed that the circadian rhythm may disrupt the growth of tumors, it is generally unclear whether the circadian rhythm controls the release of CTCs. In clinical examinations, the current in vitro methods for detecting CTCs in blood samples are based on a fundamental assumption that CTC counts in the peripheral blood do not change significantly over time, which is being challenged by recent studies. Since it is not practical to draw blood from patients repeatedly, a feasible strategy to investigate the circadian rhythm of CTCs is to monitor them by in vivo detection methods. Fluorescence in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC) is a powerful optical technique that is able to detect fluorescent circulating cells directly in living animals in a noninvasive manner over a long period of time. In this study, we applied fluorescence IVFC to monitor CTCs noninvasively in an orthotopic mouse model of human prostate cancer. We observed that CTCs exhibited stochastic bursts over cancer progression. The probability of the bursting activity was higher at early stages than at late stages. We longitudinally monitored CTCs over a 24-h period, and our results revealed striking daily oscillations in CTC counts that peaked at the onset of the night (active phase for rodents), suggesting that the release of CTCs might be regulated by the circadian rhythm.
Skeletal endocrinology: where evolutionary advantage meets disease
Authors: Jaschke Nikolai , Sipos Wolfgang , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Rachner Tilman D. , Rauner Martina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe regulation of whole-body homeostasis by the skeleton is mediated by its capacity to secrete endocrine signaling molecules. Although bone-derived hormones confer several adaptive benefits, their physiological functions also involve trade-offs, thus eventually contributing to disease. In this manuscript, we discuss the origins and functions of two of the best-studied skeletal mediators, fibroblast growth factor 23 and osteocalcin, in an evolutionary context. Moreover, we provide a theoretical framework seeking to explain the broad involvement of these two hormones in amniote physiology as well as their potential to fuel the development and progression of diseases. Vice versa, we outline which perturbations might be amenable to manipulation of these systems and discuss limitations and ongoing challenges in skeletal endocrine research. Finally, we summarize unresolved questions and potential future studies in this thriving field.