bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient blood management – recommendations from the International Consensus Conference, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Authors: Mueller Markus M. , Van Remoortel Hans , Meybohm Patrick , Aranko Kari , Murphy Michael F. , Carson Jeffrey L. , Wood Erica , Vandekerckhove Philippe , Seifried Erhard ,   for the ICC PBM Frankfurt 2018 Team
Published: March 2021

An International Consensus Conference (ICC) on PBM was held in 2018 to develop evidence‐based clinical and research recommendations for preoperative anaemia, red blood cell (RBC) transfusion thresholds for adults and implementation of PBM programmes. An international scientific committee (SC) defined 17 Population‐Intervention‐Comparison‐Outcome (PICO) questions for the three topics preoperative anaemia, red blood cell (RBC) transfusion thresholds for adults and PBM implementation. Based on these questions, an extensive literature search was conducted in four biomedical databases. The GRADE framework (= grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation) was used to develop a systematic approach to the presentation of evidence summaries and for making clinical recommendations. Three expert panels (EP) consisting of clinicians, scientists, nurses, patient representatives and methodologists were established and used these methods to develop recommendations driven by published evidence. Out of more than 17 500 literature citations, data from 145 studies were incorporated. The expert panel for preoperative anaemia developed 4 clinical and 3 research recommendations. A strong recommendation advices early detection and management of preoperative anaemia before major elective surgery. For RBC transfusion thresholds, 4 clinical and 6 research recommendations have been formulated. Two strong clinical recommendations for RBC transfusion thresholds comprise a haemoglobin concentration of <7 g/dl for critically ill, but clinical stable adult intensive care patients independent of septic shock and <7·5 g/dl for adults undergoing cardiac surgery. For the implementation of PBM programmes, 2 clinical and 3 research recommendations were developed. Research recommendations were formulated as encouragement of new studies to answer open questions. Due to the relative paucity of strong evidence‐based answers in current publications to the 17 PICO questions, additional research, an international consensus for accepted definitions and Hb thresholds as well as clinically meaningful end‐points for clinical studies are necessary. The 2018 PBM ICC defined the current status of PBM evidence and established 10 clinical and 12 research recommendations for preoperative anaemia, RBC transfusion thresholds for adults and implementation of PBM programmes.
Stresses in a Notched Strip Under Tension
Authors: Ling Chih-Bing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although some approximate methods previously may have been used to calculate the stresses in a notched strip with or without the aid of photoelastic observations, no theoretical solution seems to have been developed. The author has now formulated such a solution for a strip under tension; the strip being notched by a pair of symmetrical semicircular arcs on its boundaries. Numerical examples of the solution have been worked out and compared with experimental results available.
A Brief on Biological Thermodynamics for Human Physiology
Authors: Dutta Abhijit , Chattopadhyay Himadri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThermodynamics, the science of energy interactions, governs the direction of processes found in nature. While the subject finds wide applications in science and technology, its connection to biological sciences and in particular to bio-engineering is becoming increasingly important. In this work, after a brief introduction to the fundamental concepts in thermodynamics, we focus on its application in human physiology. A review of application of thermodynamics to the interaction between human body and environment is presented. Research works on biological systems such as the nervous system and the cardiovascular systems are summarized. The thermodynamics of metabolism is reviewed, and finally, the role of the subject in understanding and combating diseases is highlighted.
RETRACTED: Changes in soft drinks purchased by British households associated with the UK soft drinks industry levy: controlled interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Pell David , Mytton Oliver , Penney Tarra L , Briggs Adam , Cummins Steven , Penn-Jones Catrin , Rayner Mike , Rutter Harry , Scarborough Peter , Sharp Stephen J , Smith Richard D , White Martin , Adams Jean 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine changes in household purchases of drinks and confectionery one year after implementation of the UK soft drinks industry levy (SDIL).DesignControlled interrupted time series analysis.ParticipantsMembers of a panel of households reporting their purchasing on a weekly basis to a market research company (average weekly number of participants n=22 183), March 2014 to March 2019.InterventionA two tiered tax levied on manufacturers of soft drinks, announced in March 2016 and implemented in April 2018. Drinks with ≥8 g sugar/100 mL (high tier) are taxed at £0.24/L and drinks with ≥5 to <8 g sugar/100 mL (low tier) are taxed at £0.18/L. Drinks with <5 g sugar/100 mL (no levy) are not taxed.Main outcome measuresAbsolute and relative differences in the volume of, and amount of sugar in, soft drinks categories, all soft drinks combined, alcohol, and confectionery purchased per household per week one year after implementation of the SDIL compared with trends before the announcement of the SDIL.ResultsIn March 2019, compared with the counterfactual estimated from pre-announcement trends, purchased volume of drinks in the high levy tier decreased by 155 mL (95% confidence interval 240.5 to 69.5 mL) per household per week, equivalent to 44.3% (95% confidence interval 59.9% to 28.7%), and sugar purchased in these drinks decreased by 18.0 g (95% confidence interval 32.3 to 3.6 g), or 45.9% (68.8% to 22.9%). Purchases of low tier drinks decreased by 177.3 mL (225.3 to 129.3 mL) per household per week, or 85.9% (95.1% to 76.7%), with a 12.5 g (15.4 to 9.5 g) reduction in sugar in these drinks, equivalent to 86.2% (94.2% to 78.1%). Despite no overall change in volume of no levy drinks purchased, there was an increase in sugar purchased of 15.3 g (12.6 to 17.9 g) per household per week, equivalent to 166.4% (94.2% to 238.5%). When all soft drinks were combined, the volume of drinks purchased did not change, but sugar decreased by 29.5 g (55.8 to 3.1 g), or 9.8% (17.9% to 1.8%). Purchases of confectionery and alcoholic drinks did not change.ConclusionsCompared with trends before the SDIL was announced, one year after implementation, the volume of soft drinks purchased did not change. The amount of sugar in those drinks was 30 g, or 10%, lower per household per week—equivalent to one 250 mL serving of a low tier drink per person per week. The SDIL might benefit public health without harming industry.Trial registrationISRCTN18042742.
Obesity in childhood, socioeconomic status, and completion of 12 or more school years: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lindberg Louise , Persson Martina , Danielsson Pernilla , Hagman Emilia , Marcus Claude 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesChildren with obesity achieve lower educational level compared with normal-weight peers. Parental socioeconomic status (SES) impacts both a child’s academic achievement and risk of obesity. The degree to which the association between obesity and education depends on parental SES is unclear. Therefore, the primary aim is to investigate if individuals with obesity in childhood are less likely to complete ≥12 years of schooling, independently of parental SES. The secondary aim is to study how weight loss, level of education and parental SES are associated.DesignNationwide prospective cohort study.SettingSwedish national register data.ParticipantsChildren aged 10–17 years, recorded in the Swedish Childhood Obesity Treatment Register, and aged 20 years or older at follow-up were included (n=3942). A comparison group was matched by sex, year of birth and living area (n=18 728). Parental SES was based on maternal and paternal level of education, income and occupational status.Primary outcome measureCompletion of ≥12 years of schooling was analysed with conditional logistic regression, and adjusted for group, migration background, attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity, anxiety/depression and parental SES.ResultsAmong those with obesity in childhood, 56.7% completed ≥12 school years compared with 74.4% in the comparison group (p<0.0001). High parental SES compared with low SES was strongly associated with attained level of education in both children with and without obesity, adjusted OR (aOR) (99% CI)=5.40 (4.45 to 6.55). However, obesity in childhood remains a strong risk factor of not completing ≥12 school years, independently of parental SES,aOR=0.57 (0.51 to 0.63). Successful obesity treatment increased the odds of completing ≥12 years in school even when taking parental SES into account,aOR=1.34 (1.04 to 1.72).ConclusionsIndividuals with obesity in childhood have lower odds of completing ≥12 school years, independently of parental SES. Optimised obesity treatment may improve school results in this group.
One-year efficacy and safety of naloxegol on symptoms and quality of life related to opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer: KYONAL study
Authors: Cobo Dols Manuel , Beato Zambrano Carmen , Cabezón-Gutiérrez Luis , Chicas-Sett Rodolfo , Blancas López-Barajas María Isabel , García Navalón Francisco Javier , Fírvida Pérez José Luis , Serrano Bermúdez Gala , Togores Torres Pilar , Delgado Mingorance Ignacio , Giraldo Marín Alexandra , Librán Oriol Anna , Paredes Lario Alfredo , Sánchez Mauriño Pedro , Higuera Gómez Oliver , Moreno Muñoz Diana , Huerta González Ibone , Sanz-Yagüe Almudena , Soler López Begoña 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesNaloxegol is a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist (PAMORA) for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). The main objective was to analyse the long-term efficacy, quality of life (QOL) and safety of naloxegol in patients with cancer in a real-world study.MethodsThis one-year prospective study included patients older than 18 years, with active oncological disease who were under treatment with opioids for pain control and Karnofsky≥50 and OIC with inadequate response to treatment with laxative (s). All the patients received treatment with naloxegol according to clinical criteria. The main efficacy objectives were measured by the patient assessment of constipation QOL questionnaire (PAC-QOL), the PAC symptoms (PAC-SYM), the response rate at day 15, and months 1-3-6-12, and global QOL (EuroQoL-5D-5L).ResultsA total of 126 patients (58.7% males) with a mean age of 61.5 years (95% CI 59.4 to 63.7) were included. PAC-SYM and PAC-QOL total score and all their dimensions improved from baseline (p<0.0001). At 12 months, 77.8% of the patients were responders to naloxegol treatment. Global QOL was conserved from baseline. A total of 28 adverse reactions, mainly gastrointestinal were observed in 15.1% of the patients (19/126), being 75% (21) mild, 17.9% (5) moderate and 7.1% (2) severe. Most adverse reactions (67.9%) appeared the first 15 days of treatment.ConclusionThe results of this first long-term and real-world-data study in patients with cancer, showed the sustained efficacy and safety of naloxegol for the treatment of OIC in this group of patients.
Paediatric end-of-life care – symptoms and problems: parent assessment
Authors: Lykke Camilla , Ekholm Ola , Olsen Marianne , Sjøgren Per 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveSymptoms and problems (S&P) are under-reported in children in end-of-life care.To target future interventions, the primary aim was to examine S&P in children in end-of-life care.MethodsAll parents, who lost a child under the age of 18 years due to life-limiting diagnoses in the period 2012–2014 in Denmark, were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire in 2017. In all, 152 (38%) children were represented by 136 mothers and 57 fathers. In the present study, parents’ assessments of S&P during the last month of life were restricted to children aged 3–18 years. Data were analyses by means of descriptive statistics.ResultsChildren ≥3 years at the time of death were represented by 71 parents (48 mothers and 23 fathers) representing 56 out of the 152 children. Physical fatigue (93%), sleepiness (90%), poor appetite (87%), pain (84%) and nausea (84%) were the five most frequent symptoms reported by the parents. In all, 65% of the parents reported that satisfactory pain relief was obtained and 64% of the parents reported that the healthcare services to a large extent reacted quickly, when the child and/or family needed help. However, 46% of the parents experienced ‘mess-ups’ or sloppy services in the primary ward and 27% experienced that the children suffered from fear of death.ConclusionAccording to the parents, children with life-limiting diagnosis are highly symptomatic and have substantial problems during end-of-life care. Our findings indicate that systematic screening of S&P in children should be considered.
Association between routine measures of graft function and mortality in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Foroutan Farid , Malik Abdullah , Nelson Lærke Marie Sidenius , Steve Chun-Po Fan , Guyatt Gordon , Gustafsson Finn , Ross Heather , Alba Ana Carolina 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo date, long-term graft dysfunction, an important cause of death after heart transplantation, has been defined as a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤40% or right atrial pressure (RAP) of ≥15 mm Hg. Empirical associations between measures of cardiac function and mortality post-transplant remain, however, unestablished.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective two-centre cohort study of consecutive adults who underwent heart transplant between 2002 and 2017. We evaluated the association between LVEF and RAP and mortality, including rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy as additional time-dependent covariates using Cox proportional hazard models. We applied restricted cubic splines to both LVEF and RAP.ResultsOf 590 eligible heart transplant recipients, of whom 72% were male with a mean age of 49 years, 410 received their transplant at Toronto General Hospital and 180 at Rigshospitalet. We observed a 5% absolute risk increase for 1-year mortality, from 11% to 16%, when the LVEF dropped to 53% (HR 1.71 for LVEF of 53% compared with 60%, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.14) or when the RAP increased to 12 mm Hg (HR 1.49 for RAP of 12 mm Hg compared with 5 mm Hg, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.13).ConclusionIn this study, we observed that small changes in graft function at any time post-transplant are associated with an increased mortality. Our results suggest that the current definition of graft dysfunction may underestimate patient risk of adverse outcomes.
Injury patterns and circumstances associated with electric scooter collisions: a scoping review
Authors: Toofany Manish , Mohsenian Sasha , Shum Leona K , Chan Herbert , Brubacher Jeffrey R 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundElectric scooters are personal mobility devices that have risen in popularity worldwide since 2017. Emerging reports suggest that both riders and other road users, such as pedestrians and cyclists, have been injured in electric scooter-associated incidents. We undertook a scoping review of the current literature to evaluate the injury patterns and circumstances of electric scooter-associated injuries.MethodsA scoping review of literature published from 2010 to 2020 was undertaken following accepted guidelines. Relevant articles were identified in Medline, Embase, SafetyLit and Transport Research International Documentation using terms related to electric scooters, injuries and incident circumstances. Supplemental searches were conducted to identify relevant grey literature (non-peer-reviewed reports).ResultsTwenty-eight peer-reviewed studies and nine grey literature records were included in the review. The current literature surrounding electric scooter-associated injuries mainly comprises retrospective case series reporting clinical variables. Factors relating to injury circumstances are inconsistently reported. Findings suggest that the head, upper extremities and lower extremities are particularly vulnerable in electric scooter falls or collisions, while injuries to the chest and abdomen are less common. Injury severity was inconsistently reported, but most reported injuries were minor. Low rates of helmet use among electric scooter users were noted in several studies.ConclusionElectric scooters leave riders vulnerable to traumatic injuries of varying severity. Future work should prospectively collect standardised data that include information on the context of the injury event and key clinical variables. Research on interventions to prevent electric scooter injuries is also needed to address this growing area of concern.
Timing and provenance of Paleoproterozoic supracrustal rocks in the central Thelon tectonic zone, Canada: implications for the tectonic evolution of western Laurentia from ca. 2.1 to 1.9 Ga
Authors: Davis W.J. , Sanborn-Barrie M. , Berman R.G. , Pehrsson S. 
Published: March 2021

Depositional ages and provenance of metasedimentary rocks provide constraints on the architecture of the interface between the Slave and Rae cratons and processes related to the Thelon Orogen. Clastic rocks analysed from the central Thelon tectonic zone are Paleoproterozoic in age and not remnants of the Archean Yellowknife Supergroup (Slave Province), as originally considered. Two assemblages are recognized. An older clastic assemblage deposited after 2.09 Ga contains detrital zircon age modes of 2.3 and 2.17 Ga, with subordinate Neoarchean and Paleoarchean detritus. Its deposition is interpreted to predate Thelon magmatic activity given that (1) it lacks ca. 2.01–1.97 Ga detritus of Thelon magmatic origin, and (2) correlative clastic rocks occur as inclusions in Thelon plutons and contain ca. 2.0 Ga metamorphic monazite. This assemblage is correlative with both the Mary Frances and Rutledge River groups, establishing a >800 km long basin at ca. 2.1 Ga that received detritus from the western Rae and (or) Buffalo Head terrane(s). Separation from the Slave craton at this time is consistent with the absence of any Slave-affinity detritus. A younger assemblage deposited after 1.95 Ga and prior to 1.91 Ga contains mainly 2.02–1.95 Ga detrital zircon, age modes comparable with adjacent Thelon convergent-margin plutonic rocks. The younger assemblage records deposition of the uplifted and eroded Thelon magmatic arc in an intermontane or foreland basin setting during the later stages of post-collisional convergence. These U–Pb zircon data support a tectonic model for western Laurentia that reconciles differences between the Thelon and Taltson magmatic zones involving ca. 2.1 Ga rifting, ca. 2.01–1.97 Ga convergence, followed by <1.95 Ga thrust-driven exhumation.
Ribavirin shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and downregulates the activity of TMPRSS2 and the expression of ACE2 in vitro
Authors: Unal Mehmet Altay , Bitirim Ceylan Verda , Summak Gokce Yagmur , Bereketoglu Sidar , Cevher Zeytin Inci , Besbinar Omur , Gurcan Cansu , Aydos Dunya , Goksoy Ezgi , Kocakaya Ebru , Eran Zeynep , Murat Merve , Demir Nil , Aksoy Ozer Zeynep Busra , Somers Julia , Demir Emek , Nazir Hasan , Ozkan Sibel Aysil , Ozkul Aykut , Azap Alpay , Yilmazer Acelya , Akcali Kamil Can 
Published: March 2021

Ribavirin is a guanosine analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against RNA viruses. Based on this, we aimed to show the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of this drug molecule via in vitro, in silico, and molecular techniques. Ribavirin showed antiviral activity in Vero E6 cells following SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas the drug itself did not show any toxic effect over the concentration range tested. In silico analysis suggested that ribavirin has a broad-spectrum impact on SARS-CoV-2, acting at different viral proteins. According to the detailed molecular techniques, ribavirin was shown to decrease the expression of TMPRSS2 at both mRNA and protein levels 48 h after treatment. The suppressive effect of ribavirin in ACE2 protein expression was shown to be dependent on cell types. Finally, proteolytic activity assays showed that ribavirin also showed an inhibitory effect on the TMPRSS2 enzyme. Based on these results, we hypothesized that ribavirin may inhibit the expression of TMPRSS2 by modulating the formation of inhibitory G-quadruplex structures at the TMPRSS2 promoter. As a conclusion, ribavirin is a potential antiviral drug for the treatment against SARS-CoV-2, and it interferes with the effects of TMPRSS2 and ACE2 expression.
Eagle Foreland Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Yukon Territory, Northwest Canada
Authors: Lane Larry S. , Hannigan Peter K. , Bell Kimberley M. , Jackson Kevin W. , McNeil David H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The Eagle Foreland Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element (TSE) comprises two separate parts: a larger rectilinear sub-basin of Cretaceous age (Eagle Plain) and a smaller fault-bounded mid-Cretaceous–Paleogene sub-basin (Bonnet Plume) in the SE, separated from the Eagle Plain by an inlier of the Ogilvie Platform TSE. Faulted remnants of older Mesozoic clastic strata are locally preserved beneath northern parts of the Eagle Plain Sub-basin. The Eagle Foreland Basin initiated as a Cordilleran foredeep and was incorporated into the orogen during Late Cretaceous–Paleogene deformation. It preserves dominantly marine clastic strata >2500 m thick, with thickest preservation in the NW. Thermal maturity data suggest that 2000–3000 m of deposits were removed by Paleogene erosion. Petroleum potential exists, with principal active sources lying within subjacent successions. The Eagle Plain Sub-basin is an early mature to mature basin, oil and gas prone in the deeper basin, and gas prone in younger units. The Bonnet Plume Sub-basin, known for its coal-bearing strata, is largely unexplored. It contains non-marine to marginal-marine clastic strata, and is considered to be a marginally mature to mature gas-prone basin. The total mean in-place potential in the Eagle Foreland Basin TSE is suggested to be on the order of 20 MMm
3
of oil and 22 000 MMm
3
of gas.
Educación en Negocios en Tiempos de Pandemia: ¿Ritualismo compulsivo o cambio transformativo?
Authors: Acuña Aguirre Eduardo 
Published: March 2021

Considerando la invitación que me ha hecho Gesten para revisar, revisitar y desafiar la educación en negocios en Chile, problematizada en el contexto actual de la pandemia, acojo esa invitación por considerar lo oportuno que es realizar ese ejercicio reflexivo.
Mi presentación tendrá en cuenta mi experiencia en una Escuela de Negocios, en donde, desde mi posición de profesor, he observado e interpretado los lineamientos de forma y de fondo que la entidad ha seguido en el transcurrir de la pandemia (Acuña, 2020). En esa experiencia también supongo que esos lineamientos no son del todo ajenos a lo que probablemente ocurre en otras Escuelas de Negocios, dado que esa industria educacional, tiende a seguir estándares de isomorfismo institucional que comunican gran similitud en el tipo de actividades que realizan y en la modalidad como las ejecutan, más allá de aspectos distintivos de sus identidades (Alvesson y Willmott, 2001).
Combination Therapies for Precision Oncology: The Ultimate Whack-A-Mole Game
Authors: Groisberg Roman , Subbiah Vivek 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe single-agent activity of MEK inhibitors in MAPK or CDK4/6 inhibitors in cyclin pathway aberrant tumors has been limited. The combination of trametinib and palbociclib demonstrates safety, tolerability, and clinical activity in a histology-independent manner, representing a therapeutic approach for patients harboring co-occurring aberrations.See related article by Kato et al., p. 2792