bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation of the production of exhaust emissions in the laboratory conditions
Authors: Šarkan B , Hudec J , Sejkorova M , Kuranc A , Kiktova M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the past, the type approval of road vehicles with regard to the production of pollutants was carried out exclusively in the form of laboratory tests. Laboratory tests determined the course of the vehicle’s driving cycle and the methodology for quantifying pollutants depending on the distance passed. The revision of EU legislation in 2016 brought changes in the field of type approval, in particular a change in the driving cycle and an additional driving test in the form of real drive emission. The paper discusses a matter of the possibility of using Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 for the purpose of calculating emissions of road vehicles in their operation by applying the methodology of real drive emission. The research task was performed on a roller dynamometer on two vehicles in the simulation of the original New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) in laboratory conditions with the application of the methodology for calculating emissions from real drive emission. During the test, the method of calculating the exhaust flow by sensing the amount of fuel consumed and the amount of intake air was used. Significant data, such as mass air flow, air temperature, engine speed, vehicle speed was recorded via the electronic control unit. Recorded data obtained from emission tester, roller dynamometer and On Board Diagnostic (OBD) tool must be synchronised. Test results should be used in the field of comparison of the type approval emission level and the emission level in operation.
Artificial neural network model of hardness, porosity and cavitation erosion wear of APS deposited Al2O3 -13 wt% TiO2 coatings
Authors: Szala M , Awtoniuk M , Łatka L , Macek W , Branco R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of the article is to build-up a simplified model of the effect of atmospheric plasma spraying process parameters on the deposits’ functional properties. The artificial neural networks were employed to elaborate on the model and the Matlab software was used. The model is crucial to study the relationship between process parameters, such as stand-off distance and torch velocity, and the properties of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 ceramic coatings. During this study, the coatings morphology, as well as its properties such as Vickers microhardness, porosity, and cavitation erosion resistance were taken into consideration. The cavitation erosion tests were conducted according to the ASTM G32 standard. Moreover, the cavitation erosion wear mechanism was presented. The proposed neural model is essential for establishing the optimisation procedure for the selection of the spray process parameters to obtain the Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 ceramic coatings with specified functional properties.
Surface quality simulation with statistical analysis after milling AZ91D magnesium alloy using PCD tool
Authors: Kulisz M , Zagórski I , Korpysa J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Machined surface quality is one of the key indicators of a correctly conducted milling process. This paper reports on the results from numerical and statistical analysis of the condition of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy after milling using the PCD Tool. Three surface roughness indicators were of interest - average roughness (Ra), maximum height of profile (Rz) and mean width of profile elements (RSm). The surface quality, described by Ra/Rz, shows negligible deterioration at higher speeds vc
. Two artificial neural networks, MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) and RBF (Radial Basis Function), modelled with Statistica package, were employed to simulate the effects that individual process variables have on the 2D surface roughness parameters. The statistical significance of the results was assessed using the one-way ANOVA technique. Given the successful validation of the numerical and empirical data (R2 > 0.85), it may be inferred that our ANNs are an accurate predicting tool that models milling parameters ensuring that the surface is of suitable quality. The surface roughness indicators are generated from the corresponding technological parameters. Simulations save time, effort and costs that would be incurred by additional machining tests.
Mechanical design of a low-cost ABS hand prosthesis using the finite element method
Authors: Bastarrechea A , Estrada Q , Zubrzycki J , Torres-Argüelles V , Reynoso E , Rodríguez-Mendez A , Coutiño E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many hand accidents are reported around the world resulting in a necessity to perform a procedure of amputation of the hand. For this consideration, a large number of hand prostheses have been designed. However, the mechanical design of these prostheses present challenges such as kinematic functionality, strength, and cost. The present article analyses the mechanical design of a low-cost practical hand prosthesis using the finite element method with the help of Abaqus commercial software. Functional and technical requirements were considered to consider the biomechanics of the human hand. The hand prosthesis was conferred with 14-degrees-of-freedom (DOF), which gives it the capacity for grips associated with security, stability, dexterity, and sensibility. Additionally, due to practicality and low-cost manufacturing techniques, fused deposition modelling with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is proposed. The evaluation of the hand prosthesis was carried out by tensile, flexural, and torsional load conditions. Finally, the mechanical effectiveness of the designed prosthesis was demonstrated since maximum stresses close to 13 MPa were computed, which are less than the yield stress of ABS.
The test-bed research of a low power low-temperature PEM fuel cell
Authors: Dubeński K , Czarnigowski J , Durakiewicz P , Szewc S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of testbed research of Horizon H-300 PEM Fuel Cell. It is a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) which reaches 300 Watt output power. It is a power source for hyper-light prototype vehicles taking part in the Shell Eco-Marathon competition. The aim of the research was to develop the load characteristics of a PEM type cell. The tests were carried out in a steady state of operation and included developing the characteristics of the output voltage concerning the load current. The current load was carried out by a programmable electronic load with the ability to accurately determine the load current. It also allows for measuring the output voltage. The tests were carried out in the load current range 0.2 - 7A, which is a significant range of the cell’s operating parameters which is used in the vehicle. During the tests, hydrogen consumption was also measured at individual points of the cell’s operation using a flow meter. This has also allowed the development of the characteristics of fuel consumption and power generated by the cell. The developed characteristics are presented in this article. A linear characteristic of power and fuel consumption in the function of the current loading on the cell was obtained for practically the whole range of the tested loads. Also, the specific fuel consumption is linearly dependent on the load power, and the lowest values (in the example the highest efficiency) were obtained at the lowest value of load power.
Study of inertinite components by IR spectroscopy
Authors: Fedorova N I , Malysheva V Yu , Ismagilov Z R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study by IR spectroscopy of inertinite concentrates isolated from humus coals of various stages of metamorphism. It was revealed that in the studied samples there is a rather significant intensity of absorption bands characteristic of aromatic structures (D3040, D1620, D900-750 cm−1). To characterize the chemical maturity of inertinites, we used the parameter D3040/D2920 (the ratio of the optical densities of CH unsaturated and CH aliphatic bonds). It was found that the D3040/D2920 parameter increases with an increase in the vitrinite reflectance. The data obtained showed that the components of the inertinite group are characterized by a reduced number of aliphatic groups and a more developed spatial polyconjugation system.
Study of the structure and morphology of carbon sorbents
Authors: Zykov I Yu , Dudnikova Y N , Fedorova N I , Ismagilov Z R , Mihaylova E S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of the morphology of carbon sorbents from Kuzbass coal. Carbon sorbents were obtained by chemical activation of the initial coal with potassium hydroxide at a temperature of 800 °C and a KOH/coal ratio of 1 g/g. It was shown that alkaline activation has no significant effect on the ash content of the obtained carbon sorbents. The elemental composition of the obtained carbon sorbents practically does not differ and remains constant when the elemental composition of the initial coal changes. The morphology of the surface of the initial coal and sorbents was studied by the SEM method, and the different nature of the surface of carbon sorbents based on coal was shown. For carbon sorbents from bituminous coals of low stages of metamorphism, a spongy structure is characteristic, for carbon sorbents from bituminous coals of high stages, it is layered. The physicochemical characteristics of carbon sorbents were determined. A study was carried out for the content of total and water-soluble iron for the amount of water-soluble ash.
Industrial scale gasification of T-grade coal via fixed bed technology
Authors: Slyusarskiy K V , Matveev A S , Yankovsky S A , Gubin V E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The gasification of solid fuel is known technology suitable for many purposes which has found quite limited applications worldwide. The one of the major reasons is deficiency of practical operation experience of industrial scale units. The paper reports the data on T-grade coal gasification by air via 4 ton per hour pilot scale VTI gasifier situated in Tomsk polytechnic university (Tomsk, Russia). The tests were carried out for bituminous coal of Kuznetsk basin. The results presented were obtained in nonstationary regime for single 4 t load of fuel. The characteristics temperatures into gasifier as well as generator gas composition were determined. Obtained results allowed to conclude that T-grade coal is suitable fuel for VTI gasification technology.
Complex research of the components of the coal tar pitch
Authors: Popova A N , Lyrshchikov S Yu , Sotnikova L V , Dudnikova Yu N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The composition, structure and morphology of particles of β-and α2-fraction powders of medium-temperature coal tar pitch were studied using the methods of electron microscopy, adsorption porosimetry, NMR, IR-EPR spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, thermal analysis, and chromatography-mass spectrometry. The morphology and structure of coke residues were investigated depending on the heating temperature. It has been established that polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the composition of volatile products of thermolysis of coal tar pitch are formed mainly during the decomposition of the β-fraction components. The results obtained are of interest from the point of view of the directions of using the isolated fractions of coal tar pitch as precursors for obtaining functional carbon materials.
Case study of an effective system of process synchronization within the framework of the development of an integrated scientific and technical programme
Authors: Ganiyeva I A , Petrick N A , Dooginov D V , Remizov S V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Implementation of the outputs of intellectual activity related to manufacture of high added value products may be complicated due to the lack of additional resources of industrial enterprises in the context of the economy stagnation. The given Integrated Programme is the programme of a complete innovation cycle formed on the basis of the priority scientific and technological areas highlighted in the R&D Strategy. For the successful implementation of the Programme, it is necessary to identify the needs of large enterprises of the operating sector of the economy in high-tech production processes and to coordinate the potential of implementation with scientific organizations.
Initial results from a simplified sub-sampling approach for Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Ellwood R. , Godfrey A. , Minto C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recently, interest has risen in the use of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) to monitor the condition of sub-sea cables connecting off-shore windfarms. Certain failure modes of these cables develop gradually, over the course of weeks to months, in response to external environmental factors. DAS provides a wealth of information on physical processes occurring over a long linear length. A significant challenge in acquiring all this information is in managing the volume of data captured (in excess of 1TB a day). This paper presents results from an investigation into an approach to adapt the way the data is acquired and stored, whilst not inherently biasing the process. The approach combines a range of traditional techniques, as well as a simplified implementation of the already well established sparse sampling technique. This approach is applied to the collection of data from a windfarm export cable over a period of 876 hours. Analysis of this data demonstrates the systems capability to practicably capture long term trends in the data due to environmental factors.
Excitation power density and temperature dependence of photoluminescence study on electron-irradiated GaAs middle cell of GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell
Authors: Yan G , Liu Y Y , Wu R , Liu J , Wang J L , Wang R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Excitation power density (2.603-9.196 W/cm2) and temperature (10-300 K) dependence of photoluminescence (PL) measurements have been presented and discussed in detail for the carrier recombination mechanism and quenching of the GaAs middle cell in 1.0 MeV electron-irradiated GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell. When the excitation power density increases, the PL intensity increases. The dependence of PL intensity on excitation power density is observed to be linear below 40 K, and becomes increasingly superlinear with increasing temperature and eventually quadratic at 300 K. The observed phenomenon revealed a competing mechanism between radiative and non-radiative recombination process of photogenerated carriers. However, with the increase of temperature, the PL intensity decreases, and strong thermal quenching phenomenon of PL intensity can be observed above 40 K. By analyzing with multiple centre model, it is due to the presence of thermally activated non-radiative recombination centres named E4 electron trap with an activation energy of ∼0.76 eV and named E5 electron trap with an activation energy of ∼0.96 eV.
Interfacial interaction mechanism of graphene/phenolic resin composites: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Bian C , Yan N , Zhu G W , Qu H J , Guan Y W , Li H Y , Luan T , Gong J L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The outstanding thermal and mechanical properties of graphene/phenolic resin (G/PR) composites are largely related with the interfacial interactions. The interfacial properties of the G/PR composites were studied with molecular dynamics method, based on dozens of G/PR and graphene oxide/PR (GO/PR) interface models. The results showed that, p-π/π-π and hydrogen bond interactions are the main interactions between the G/PR and GO/PR interfaces, respectively. Strong interfacial interactions were formed between the crosslinked PRs and GO layer grafted with oxygen-containing groups. The obtained results will be beneficial to guide the design and preparation of G/PR composites with special performances.
Tensile properties of Z-pinned composite laminates with low damage insertion technique
Authors: Ma C Y , Li Y L , Chen W , Li X Q , Teng X B , Xu Y J , Liu W W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of Z-pin diameter and Z-pin length on the tensile properties of carbon fiber reinforced laminates were studied. A new Z-pin insertion technique which causes less microdamage damage than the original method was developed. Experimental testing reveals that the in-plane tensile strength of Z-pin specimens is 96.98%-105.32% of the control group. The best performance of in-plane tensile properties is TF18 group which pinned by full-depth Φ0.18mm diameter. The tensile strength increases by 5.32%, and the Young’s modulus increases by 4.71% relative to the control group. Compared with the group of large diameter Z-pin, the in-plane performance of the ultra-fine diameter group is better due to the less in-plane damage. In the half-depth group, delamination occurred between the middle Z-pin sublayer and the upper and lower layers, thus reducing the in-plane tensile property. The Poisson’s ratio increases in both full depth and half depth after Z-pinned and it is only related to insertion depth.
Investigation of structure and ionic conductivity of (PEO)12-SiO2-LiClO4 nanocomposite electrolyte for all solid-state lithium-ion battery
Authors: Li Y Z , Yang Y P , Lei R Y , Fu S D , Wan R G , Li J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), based on poly ethylene oxide (PEO) matrix and nano-sized SiO2, are prepared by solution-casting method. The morphology, crystallinity, thermostability and ionic conductivity of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte are systematically investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, and AC impedance spectroscopy. The result reveals that SiO2 is uniformly dispersed in the SPE. Furthermore, the incorporation of nano-sized SiO2 can restrict the crystalline behaviour of PEO effectively, leading to the improvement in amorphous state of PEO. With increasing the mass loading of SiO2, the ionic conductivity of SPEs increase to a maximum value, about 3.03 × 10−4 S·cm−1 (χ(SiO
2/PEO) = 6.85%), and then fall down. Meanwhile, the initial decomposition of SPE reaches 335 °C, showing the good thermal stability and potential application of SPEs for the next-generation all solid-state lithium-ion battery (LIB) with enhanced safety.
Evaluation of the potential anti-alcoholism activity of chitosan grafted with gallic acid
Authors: Lu S T , Yu J Y , Hu Z , Zhang L Y , Huang D J , Liao M N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to broaden the application of chitosan (CS) in the anti-alcoholism, gallic acid (GA) was grafted onto the CS molecular chain by 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)-mediated coupling, and the structure of gallic acid grafted chitosan (CS-GA) was characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The potential anti-alcoholism activity of CS-GA was preliminarily evaluated with ethanol adsorption rate and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate. The results showed that GA was grafted onto the CS successfully and CS-GA was obtained. CS-GA could adsorb a large amount of alcohol and reach a peak within 15 min after contact with alcohol in vitro. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of CS-GA was 57.5%, which was 2.4 times of CS. In summary, CS-GA had vigorous potential anti-alcoholism activity and is expected to be developed as a promising antidote.
Study on preparation of amphiphilic silane and its modification on copper surface
Authors: Liu M G , Zhao R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The amphiphilic polymers monosilane and disilane were synthesized in this sdudy. The pretreated copper plates were modified by the synthesized silane. The copper plates after silane treatment were characterized by measuring total reflection fourier infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), electrochemical impedance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle. ATR-FTIR and XPS confirmed that the amphiphilic polymer silane was successfully grafted onto copper surfaces; the contact angle measurement results showed that the contact angle of the surface of the copper plate after grafting the silane was reduced from 83°to 50°; the electrochemical impedance results showed that the electrochemical transfer resistance on the surface of the copper plates after grafting the silane was increased from 702.8 to 6452.. This study has important reference significance for inhibiting the corrosion of copper plates.
Isolation of a protein-polysaccharide complex from brown algae biomass
Authors: Bogolitsyn K , Parshina A , Druzhinina A , Shulgina E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article presents new comparative data on the chemical composition of Arctic brown algae and algae from the Yellow sea. The effectiveness of the use of the extraction scheme to obtain the protein-polysaccharide complex (which has a double effect: enterosorption and immunomodulating) is estimated.
The design of bridge between structures based on the concept of "building on cable-stayed bridge”
Authors: Biyu Bao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on the concept of "building houses on cable-stayed bridges", a 4-storey bridge is set up in the first and second phase of the project, which makes the structural design interpret the architectural concept in a unique structural form. This paper focuses on the selection concept, structural layout, and the analysis of the rigidity, displacement, internal force and bearing capacity of the bridge structure. The experience can be used for reference in similar projects.
Influence of collapse width on the effect of geotextile in controlling subgrade collapse based on symmetrical semisection model tests
Authors: Wu Di , Liang Yihuai , Luo Chen , Wu Jianjian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Subgrade collapse is a frequent geological hazard all over the world, which seriously threatens safety of human life and economic development. Compared with conventional methods of collapse, employing geotextile basal reinforcement with the features of reinforcement and filtration can achieve better treatment. In this paper, four symmetrical semi-section model tests with different width of collapse treated by geotextile and one full-section model test were carried out. Data acquisition instruments and particle image velocimetry (PIV) equipment were applied to research soil pressure, vertical displacement of filling and tensile force of geotextile. The following results were achieved: the results obtained from symmetric semi-section and full-section model test was proximal so that the symmetrical semi-section model test had certain feasibility; the laying of geotextile basal reinforcement had good effect on collapse treatment; the width of collapse area was an crucial factor affecting the collapse treatment using geotextile and the geotextile with high tensile strength and enough buried depth should be employed when dealing with large scale collapse problems.
Finite Element Analysis of 3D Printed Steel-fiber RC Beam for Mechanical Performance
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Ming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, by referring to the existing test data and numerical simulation parameters of Bos, using the compression constitutive relationship of concrete proposed by Thorenfeldt and the tensile constitutive model proposed by Petersson, the numerical simulation of the flexural toughness of steel fiber notched beam by pouring and 3D printing is carried out by using the finite element software ABAQUS, and the load deflection curve is obtained, which is compared with the test curve of BOS to verify The rationality of the research model. Based on the verified model parameters, ABAQUS is used to simulate the four point bending test of steel fiber reinforced 3D printing concrete and plain concrete, focusing on the influence of steel fiber content and notch depth on the load deflection curve.