bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Passive Heat for the Treatment of Hypertension in Autonomic Failure
Authors: Okamoto Luis E. , Celedonio Jorge E. , Smith Emily C. , Gamboa Alfredo , Shibao Cyndya A. , Diedrich André , Paranjape Sachin Y. , Black Bonnie K. , Muldowney James A. S. , Peltier Amanda C. , Habermann Ralf , Crandall Craig G. , Biaggioni Italo 
Published: March 2021

Background
Supine hypertension affects a majority of patients with autonomic failure; it is associated with end‐organ damage and can worsen daytime orthostatic hypotension by inducing pressure diuresis and volume loss during the night. Because sympathetic activation prevents blood pressure (BP) from falling in healthy subjects exposed to heat, we hypothesized that passive heat had a BP‐lowering effect in patients with autonomic failure and could be used to treat their supine hypertension.

Methods and Results

In Protocol 1 (n=22), the acute effects of local heat (40–42°C applied with a heating pad placed over the abdomen for 2 hours) versus sham control were assessed in a randomized crossover fashion. Heat acutely decreased systolic BP by −19±4 mm Hg (versus 3±4 with sham,
P
<0.001) owing to decreases in stroke volume (−18±5% versus −4±4%,
P
=0.013 ) and cardiac output (−15±5% versus −2±4%,
P
=0.013). In Protocol 2 (proof‐of‐concept overnight study; n=12), we compared the effects of local heat (38°C applied with a water‐perfused heating pad placed under the torso from 10
pm
to 6
am
) versus placebo pill. Heat decreased nighttime systolic BP (maximal change −28±6 versus −2±6 mm Hg,
P
<0.001). BP returned to baseline by 8
am
. The nocturnal systolic BP decrease correlated with a decrease in urinary volume (
r
=0.57,
P
=0.072) and an improvement in the morning upright systolic BP (
r
=−0.76,
P
=0.007).

Conclusions
Local heat therapy effectively lowered overnight BP in patients with autonomic failure and supine hypertension and offers a novel approach to treat this condition. Future studies are needed to assess the long‐term safety and efficacy in improving nighttime fluid loss and daytime orthostatic hypotension.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT02417415 and NCT03042988.
Infusing Finetuning with Semantic Dependencies
Authors: Wu Zhaofeng , Peng Hao , Smith Noah A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor natural language processing systems, two kinds of evidence support the use of text representations from neural language models “pretrained” on large unannotated corpora: performance on application-inspired benchmarks (Peters et al., 2018, inter alia), and the emergence of syntactic abstractions in those representations (Tenney et al., 2019, inter alia). On the other hand, the lack of grounded supervision calls into question how well these representations can ever capture meaning (Bender and Koller, 2020). We apply novel probes to recent language models— specifically focusing on predicate-argument structure as operationalized by semantic dependencies (Ivanova et al., 2012)—and find that, unlike syntax, semantics is not brought to the surface by today’s pretrained models. We then use convolutional graph encoders to explicitly incorporate semantic parses into task-specific finetuning, yielding benefits to natural language understanding (NLU) tasks in the GLUE benchmark. This approach demonstrates the potential for general-purpose (rather than task-specific) linguistic supervision, above and beyond conventional pretraining and finetuning. Several diagnostics help to localize the benefits of our approach.1
No evidence that horn trimming affects white rhinoceros horn use during comfort behaviour and resource access
Authors: Penny Samuel G. , White Rachel L. , Scott Dawn M. , MacTavish Lynne , Pernetta Angelo P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rhino species use their horns in social interactions but also when accessing resources, rubbing and in interspecific defence. The current poaching crisis has seen southern white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum simum) increasingly dehorned as a conservation management practise, but few studies have evaluated whether the procedure has any behavioural effects. This study sought to document and describe horn-contingent behaviours during resource access, wallowing and rubbing in freeranging white rhinos and establish whether dehorning, also known as horn trimming, impacts on their frequency or function. Data were collected through camera trapping and field observations at two sites in South Africa. The results provide no evidence that dehorning disrupts digging behaviours during mineral consumption or wallowing and suggests that dehorning is unlikely to have a strong biological impact on resource access. Furthermore, the frequency of horn-rubbing behaviours did not appear to be influenced by levels of horn growth. This suggests the procedure has a limited impact on these aspects of the species’ ecology and provides support that dehorning can be employed as a management tool to reduce poaching in freeranging populations of white rhino.
‘Now Nothing are so Numerous’
Authors: Pollio Gerald 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Piled carpets, whether of Eastern or European production, appeared in colonial homes soon after the colonisation of North America in the early 17th century. Initially displayed on tables and cupboards, they were subsequently used as floor coverings in the homes of political and social elites. Over the 18th century Eastern carpets appear to have lost their original semiotic function: ‘English’ having become synonymous with elegance, led colonial consumers increasingly to substitute carpets made in Great Britain for those imported from Persia or Turkey; this shift was motivated in large part by both the wider range of English styles and their lower cost. Probate inventories provide much of the information on the position of carpets in colonial homes. Such data are subject to various shortcomings, which are noted and discussed, especially in relation to their use as valuation measures.
Protective effect of Ellipticine in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of allergic rhinitis via dual inhibition of COX-2 and NF-κB
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Xiao , Liu Zhi , Ge Yanxia , He Shuangwen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a serious health concern across the globe. Despite its non-fatal character, it accounts for affecting millions of people across the world and is deemed responsible to affect their quality of life and put a significant economic burden. In the current study, we aimed to assess the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of ellipticine (ETC) against AR using ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of allergic rhinitis. The ETC was administered to mice via intra-peritoneal route after suspending in 5% CMC after sensitization by OVA. Results of the study suggested that ETC causes a significant reduction the nose rubs as compared to disease control. A significant reduction in the serum level of histamine, IgG1, TNF-α, IL-1β, MIP-2, and IL-6 was found in ETC treated group in a dose-dependent manner as compared to OVA challenged mice. It also reduces eosinophils in BALF of AR mice. In western blot analysis, the expression of aberrantly activated COX-2 and NF-ĸB found significantly reduced in ETC treated group due to inhibition of TLR-4 and caspase-1 as compared to disease-control mice. ETC showed significant interaction with residues of the active site of COX-2 and NF-ĸB. Collectively, our results indicated that ETC can be used to improve present therapeutic strategies against AR.
Pentagalloylglucose, a phytochemical from Terminalia chebula can efficiently prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry: In Silico study
Authors: Sharma Rajani , Prajapati Gopal Kumar , Akhoury Gargi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 is the current health challenge across the world. It originated in Wuhan, China, and has now spread to more than 180 countries. It is a zoonotic disease which spreads through droplets. The severity of disease is likely to end with the discovery of vaccines only. Researchers are repurposing drugs to fill the gap between COVID-19 and vaccine designing. Broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are preferred but they exhibit side effects. We have screened pentagalloylglucose present in Terminalia chebula which can prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry to the host cell. In this study, we have taken 8 active phytochemicals of Terminalia chebula which include gallic acid, chebulic acid, chebulanin, neochebulinic acid, ellagic acid, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, and pentagalloyglucose against spike proteins (S1 and S2), Replicase Polyprotein, 3C-like protease (3CL pro), Papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2. HADDOCK online server, Discovery Studio Visualizer and PyRx Vina tools were used to screen the potential component from T. chebula. It was analysed that pentagalloylglucose can be a better phytochemical against spike protein S1 similar to hemagglutinin of influenza virus. This phytochemical can be further used as a drug against SARS-CoV-2.
‫”الإنسان“ و”المرء“ في القرآن، أو بين الماهية الميتافيزيقية والشخص الأخلاقي‬
Authors: Graiguer (شفيق اكَر يكَر) Chafik 
Published: March 2021

الخلاصة
يتحدث القرآن عن الكائن البشري (وإليه) مستخدما مفردات عدة من قبيل: الإنسان، الناس، بنو آدم، النفس.. والتي يمكن أن نجد لها، بسهولة، مقابلات في اللغات الأجنبية. بيد أنه يستخدم أيضاً لفظاً آخر يكاد يكون غير قابل للترجمة، ولم ينل بعدُ حقه من الدراسة، هو ”المرء“. وتأتي الدراسة الحالية لتبحث في الاستعمال القرآني لهذا اللفظ الأخير بغية التدليل على أنه اللفظ الأقرب إلى تأدية المعنى الحديث لـ ”الشخص“ بما هو ذات أخلاقية‫.‬
سنحدد أولاً المعنى الحديث للشخص بما هو ذات أخلاقية تُحمل عليها هوية ومسؤولة وكرامة. ثم نبيّن كيف أن لفظ ”إنسان،“ في القرآن، أبعد من أن يعبر عن هذا المعنى؛ لأنه محمل بإيحاءات ‫(connotations)‬ ميتافيزيقية أكثر منها أخلاقية. بعد هذا الشق السلبي، يبدأ الشق الإيجابي من الدراسة للبرهنة على أن سياقات ورود لفظ مرء، في القرآن، تفيد فعلاً معنى الشخص بما هو ذات أخلاقية مسؤولة، وأن هذا المعنى يستثمر أولاً نواة دلالية للفظ في الشعر الجاهلي سيكون علينا بيانها مقدَّماً، تدور على فكرة الذات بوصفها فردية ‫(individuality)‬ تعي حتمية موتها؛ ويغتني ثانياً بما في لفظ المروءة من معاني الكرامة الشخصية. ونختم بمقارنة سريعة بين لفظيْ مرء ونفس في القرآن لبيان ما يمتاز به الأول عن الثاني من معاني الوحدة والهوية المميزة لمفهوم الشخص‫.‬
The Colorado State University Convective CLoud Outflows and UpDrafts Experiment (C3LOUD-Ex)
Authors: van den Heever Susan C. , Grant Leah D. , Freeman Sean W. , Marinescu Peter J. , Barnum Julie , Bukowski Jennie , Casas Eleanor , Drager Aryeh J. , Fuchs Brody , Herman Gregory R. , Hitchcock Stacey M. , Kennedy Patrick C. , Nielsen Erik R. , Park J. Minnie , Rasmussen Kristen , Razin Muhammad Naufal , Riesenberg Ryan , Dellaripa Emily Riley , Slocum Christopher J. , Toms Benjamin A. , van den Heever Adrian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe intensity of deep convective storms is driven in part by the strength of their updrafts and cold pools. In spite of the importance of these storm features, they can be poorly represented within numerical models. This has been attributed to model parameterizations, grid resolution, and the lack of appropriate observations with which to evaluate such simulations. The overarching goal of the Colorado State University Convective CLoud Outflows and UpDrafts Experiment (C3LOUD-Ex) was to enhance our understanding of deep convective storm processes and their representation within numerical models. To address this goal, a field campaign was conducted during July 2016 and May–June 2017 over northeastern Colorado, southeastern Wyoming, and southwestern Nebraska. Pivotal to the experiment was a novel “Flying Curtain” strategy designed around simultaneously employing a fleet of uncrewed aerial systems (UAS; or drones), high-frequency radiosonde launches, and surface observations to obtain detailed measurements of the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of cold pools. Updraft velocities were observed using targeted radiosondes and radars. Extensive datasets were successfully collected for 16 cold pool–focused and seven updraft-focused case studies. The updraft characteristics for all seven supercell updraft cases are compared and provide a useful database for model evaluation. An overview of the 16 cold pools’ characteristics is presented, and an in-depth analysis of one of the cold pool cases suggests that spatial variations in cold pool properties occur on spatial scales from O(100) m through to O(1) km. Processes responsible for the cold pool observations are explored and support recent high-resolution modeling results.
Operational Precipitation Forecast Over China Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model at a Gray-Zone Resolution: Impact of Convection Parameterization
Authors: ZHANG XU , YANG YUHUA , CHEN BAODE , HUANG WEI 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe quantitative precipitation forecast in the 9 km operational modeling system (without the use of a convection parameterization scheme) at the Shanghai Meteorological Service (SMS) usually suffers from excessive precipitation at the grid scale and less-structured precipitation patterns. Two scale-aware convection parameterizations were tested in the operational system to mitigate these deficiencies. Their impacts on the warm-season precipitation forecast over China were analyzed in case studies and two-month retrospective forecasts. The results from case studies show that the importance of convection parameterization depends on geographical regions and weather regimes. Considering a proper magnitude of parameterized convection can produce more realistic precipitation distribution and reduce excessive grid-scale precipitation in southern China. In the northeast and southwest China, however, the convection parameterization plays an insignificant role in precipitation forecast because of strong synoptic-scale forcing. A statistical evaluation of the two-month retrospective forecasts indicates that the forecast skill for precipitation in the 9-km operational system is improved by choosing proper convection parameterization. This study suggests that improvement in contemporary convection parameterizations is needed for their usage for various meteorological conditions and reasonable partitioning between parameterized and resolved convection.
Reflections on the Less Visible and Less Measured: Gender and COVID-19 in India
Authors: Agarwal Bina 
Published: March 2021

The gender effects of COVID-19 are complex, and extend much beyond the issues of care work and domestic violence that have captured global attention. Some effects have been immediate, such as job losses, food shortages, and enhanced domestic work burdens; others will emerge in time, such as the depletion of savings and assets and pandemic-related widowhood, which would make recovery difficult. I use examples from India to outline the complexity of such outcomes, the limitations of the many telephone surveys conducted during the pandemic, and the importance of anticipating both the immediate and the sequential effects. We can anticipate these effects by drawing on our knowledge of preexisting gender inequalities and people’s coping strategies under crises, as well as real-time media alerts. Prior conceptualization can help us design better surveys for capturing both the visible and less visible impact of the pandemic, as well as formulate more effective policies for mitigating the adverse effects. I also highlight the advantages of group-based approaches for protecting women’s livelihoods during such crises, and emphasize the need to create a synergy between feminist theory, evidence gathering, and policy formulation.
Eating Disorders: Identification and Management in General Medical and Psychiatric Settings
Authors: Owens Rebecca A. , Attia Evelyn , Fitzpatrick Joyce J. , Phillips Kathryn , Nolan Stephanie 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE Eating disorders (EDs) are serious, complex illnesses with both behavioral and physical health features. EDs have high rates of medical and psychiatric morbidity, and a 6% mortality rate, the highest of any mental illness. Early detection of EDs offers the best opportunity for recovery; yet, estimates are that as few as one in 10 individuals with an ED receive treatment. The purpose of this article is to provide an ED identification and management overview for inpatient nurse clinicians in general psychiatric and medical settings, helping to facilitate timely recognition and care. METHOD An overview of ED diagnostic criteria and two evidence-based ED tools are introduced for consideration. RESULTS Opportunities to identify and help manage an ED are numerous. Most individuals with an ED make several health care visits in either medical or psychiatric settings without ever being screened for an ED. General ED screening and assessment tool familiarization can facilitate a treatment trajectory for these patients, improve overall quality of life, and may potentially result in a life-saving intervention for this often-deadly cluster of medical and psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION Screening and assessment in general clinical settings, identifying patients with undiagnosed EDs, beginning basic treatment plans, and referrals for appropriate follow-up care, have the potential to reduce ED recidivism and related health care costs. Simultaneously, and most important, long-term outcomes for patients with EDs may improve.
Implications of Walking Aid Selection for Nonweightbearing Ambulation on Stance Limb Plantar Force, Walking Speed, Perceived Exertion, and Device Preference in Healthy Adults 50 Years of Age and Older
Authors: Kingston David C. , Ferwerda Sarah , Fontaine Curtis , Keeping Marhanda , Stewart Jeffrey , Ward Rachel , Zapski Jenelle , Collins Kassondra , Essien Samuel K. , Zucker-Levin Audrey R. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Young adults often tolerate the increased energy expenditure, coordination, and stance limb discomfort associated with walking aids for nonweightbearing ambulation. Adults aged ≥50 years may not have the same tolerance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how walking aid selection affects stance limb plantar force, walking speed, perceived exertion, and device preference in adults aged ≥50 years. Methods: A prospective randomized crossover study was performed using healthy adults, aged ≥50 years, with no use of walking aids within 5 years. Participants walked 200 m in 4 randomized conditions: single nonweightbearing ambulation using crutches, a walker, a wheeled knee walker, and unaided walking. An in-shoe sensor measured stance limb plantar force, a stopwatch timed each walk, perceived exertion was reported using the BORG CR-10 scale, and device preference was identified. Results: Twenty-one participants (7 male; age: 56 ± 5 years; BMI: 26.6 ±1.9) showed stance limb plantar force was lowest when using a wheeled knee walker ( P < .001). Walking speed was similar in unaided and wheeled knee walker conditions (1.41 and 1.31 m/s), but slower with crutches or a walker (42%-68%, P < .001). Perceived exertion was similar in unaided and wheeled knee walker conditions (1.6 and 2.8), but higher with crutches or a walker (5.7 and 6.1, P < .001). Most (20/21) participants preferred the wheeled knee walker. Conclusions: Using a wheeled knee walker for nonweightbearing ambulation reduced stance limb plantar force, maintained unaided walking speed and perceived exertion, and was preferred to crutches or a walker. Level of Evidence: Level II, comparative study.
Access to kidney transplantation in Mexico, 2007–2019: a call to end disparities in transplant care
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Guillermo , Tonelli Marcello , Ibarra-Hernandez Margarita , Chavez-Iñiguez Jonathan S. , Oseguera-Vizcaino Ma. Concepcion 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Access to kidney transplantation is limited to more than half of the Mexican population.
A fragmented health system, gender, and sociocultural factors are barriers to transplant care. We analyzed kidney transplantation in Mexico and describe how public policies and sociocultural factors result in these inequities.

Methods
Kidney transplant data between 2007 to 2019 were obtained from the National Transplant Center database. Transplant rates and time spent on the waiting list, by age, gender, health system, and insurance status, were estimated.

Results
During the study period 34,931 transplants were performed. Recipients median age was 29 (IQR 22–42) years, 62.4% were males, and 73.9% were insured. 72.7% transplants were from living-donors. Annual transplant rates increased from 18.9 per million population (pmp) to 23.3 pmp. However, the transplant rate among the uninsured population remained low, at 9.3 transplants pmp. In 2019, 15,890 patients were in the waiting list; 60.6% were males and 88% were insured. Waiting time to transplant was 1.55 (IQR 0.56–3.14) years and it was shorter for patients listed in the Ministry of Health and private facilities, where wait lists are smaller, and for males. Deceased-organ donation rates increased modestly from 2.5 pmp to 3.9 pmp.

Conclusions
In conclusion, access to kidney transplantation in Mexico is unequal and restricted to patients with medical insurance. An inefficient organ procurement program results in low rates of deceased-donor kidneys. The implementation of a comprehensive kidney care program, recognizing kidney transplantation as the therapy of choice for renal failure, offers an opportunity to correct these inequalities.
Association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Chao Chung-Hao , Wu Chia-Lun , Huang Wen-Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease has been identified as a risk factor affecting stroke prognosis. High-grade carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is associated with distal hemodynamic compromise. The association between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and ischemic stroke (IS) outcome in patients with high-grade CAS remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between eGFR and outcomes of acute IS patients with high-grade CAS.

Methods
From January 1, 2007 to April 30, 2012, we enrolled 372 acute IS patients with high-grade CAS and prospectively observed them for 5 years. The eGFR on admission was assessed using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation. Demographic features, vascular risk factors, comorbidities, and outcomes were compared between different eGFR levels.

Results
Among 372 individuals, 76 (20.4%) had an eGFR < 45, 65 (17.5%) had an eGFR between 45 and 59, and 231 (62.1%) had an eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Compared to other groups, in the eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 group, the prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, and gout were significantly higher (P = 0.013, P = 0.030, P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.043, and P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 demonstrated lower hemoglobin and total cholesterol levels compared with other groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.048). The blood potassium and uric acid levels were significantly higher in patients with eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model indicated that eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 was a significant risk factor for 5-year all-cause mortality in IS patients with high-grade CAS after adjusting for these variables (hazard ratio = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.31–3.21; P = 0.002).

Conclusions
eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 was associated with an increased risk of 5-year all-cause mortality in acute IS patients with high-grade CAS. Whether aggressive treatment of chronic kidney disease in IS patients with high-grade CAS can improve stroke outcomes should be confirmed in future studies.