bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Correlation of Antibacterial Peptides Concentration in Umbilical Cord Blood and Early-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants
Authors: Miao Jiayu , Liu Ying , Li Zengqing , Ren Zhuxiao , Zhong Zhicheng , Yan Longli , Xu Fang , Xia Xin , Wang Jianlan , Yang Jie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The role of serum LL37 in systemic inflammation has been confirmed, and the influence of it in umbilical cord blood to early-onset sepsis in preterm infants is currently being investigated.Results: The level of LL37 of sepsis group was higher than those of in control group (362.13±46.71 vs 248.13±83.30 ng/ml), the levels of CRP, WBC and MPV in sepsis group were higher than those of in control group (6.25±4.19 vs 2.89±2.77 mg/L; 17.60±12.35 vs 8.24±3.55×109/L; 11.10±1.11 vs 8.93±0.68 fL), the level of PLT was lower than those of in control group (175.20±38.51 vs 245.75±49.85×109/L) (P < 0.05). The expression of LL37 was negatively correlated with PLT (r = -0.9347, P < 0.0001), and positively correlated with MPV ((r =0.9463 , P < 0.0001), the expression of PLT was negatively correlated with MPV (r = -0.9641, P < 0.0001). The area under curve of LL37 for diagnosis of early-onset sepsis was 0.875, the prediction probability was 0.7, the sensitivity was 90.0% and the specificity was 80.0%.Conclusions：The higher level of LL37 in umbilical cord blood was associated with the development of early-onset sepsis in preterm infants.
Improving performance intelligence for governing an integrated health and social care delivery network: a case study on the Amsterdam Noord district
Authors: Bos Véronique LLC , Klazinga Niek S , Kringos Dionne S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: A guiding principle of a successful integrated health and social care delivery network is to establish a governance approach based on learning, grounded in a data and knowledge infrastructure. The ‘Krijtmolen Alliantie’ is a network of health and social care providers with the ambition to realize such a performance intelligence driven governance model in line with the Triple Aim. This study seeks to identify what performance intelligence is available and how it can be improved.Methods: This case study was conducted in the district of Amsterdam Noord, the Netherlands, and employed 23 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in health and social care, a feasibility analysis of available administrative data, and a reflection meeting with board members of the ‘Krijtmolen Alliantie’. Information needs for performance intelligence by the stakeholders were mapped and a data landscape of the district covered by the network was drafted. Finally, in the reflection meeting with board members of the ‘Krijtmolen Alliantie’ the information needs and data landscape were aligned with governing needs, resulting in priority domains around which to strengthen the data infrastructure for governance of the integrated health and social care delivery network. Results: The ‘Krijtmolen Alliantie’ encompasses a network of providers with a diverse range of catchment areas. There are indicators on population health and welfare, however they have limited actionability for providers due to a misalignment with their respective catchment areas. There is a barrier in data exchange between health and social care providers. It is difficult to construct one indicator for per capita cost in the Dutch health data infrastructure as health and social care are subdivided in financing siloes. Priority domains for improvement of performance intelligence for the ‘Krijtmolen Alliantie’ are: 1) Per capita and per patient cost data integration that would allow combined accountability through bundling of financing, and 2) combined patient experience and outcome measures to reflect network quality of care and patient experience performance. Conclusion: Available performance intelligence lacks actionability for the governance of integrated care networks. Our recommendation is to align performance intelligence with the regional governance responsibilities of stakeholders for health and social care delivery.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of equal channel angular pressing route and temperature on the mechanical behavior of ZE41 Mg alloy
Authors: Chiranth B.P. , Siddaraju C. , Sevvel P. , Gupta M. , Mishra R.K. , Ajay A. Joe , Prabhu Ram 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A commercial ZE41 Mg alloy was processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) using route BC (90o sample rotation after each pass) and route C (180o sample rotation after each pass) at 250, 300 and 350 oC for up to 4 passes. Significant grain refinement from ∼150 μm to ∼33 μm occurred at the higher third and fourth ECAP passes. The most effective process among all routes and temperature combinations was via route C at 250 oC. Nearly 83% increase in yield strength, 58% increase in ultimate tensile strength, and 107% increase in fracture strain were observed after 4 ECAP passes using route C at 250 oC. The increase in the strength of the alloy was attributed to grain refinement during static and dynamic recrystallization. Fractography of tensile samples showed that shallow dimples change to fine dimples at higher passes modifying the failure mode from cleavage to ductile fracture.
An Integrated Curvature Surface Inspection and Prediction System for 5-Axis Synchronization Machining
Authors: Kuo Chung-Feng Jeffrey , Weng Wei-Han 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There is an urgent demand for free form products in industry at the present time because of their superior appearance and the wide variety of functions they perform. Five-axis high-speed CNC machining technology has developed to satisfy this demand, but further improvement in surface quality metric inspection technology is the big challenge it now faces. In this study, the effects of jerk on the performance of five-axis synchronous high-speed CNC ball nose end mills on a freeform turbine mold were investigated. The relationships of characteristics of the images of 14 jerk-cluster finished workpieces with different jerk setting values were established, allowing surface texture features to be analyzed and surface roughness predicted. In addition, machine learning methods were integrated with the surface feature analysis to construct a virtual machining module that acts as a performance prediction system, merging the virtual machine tool functions, surface texture processor and AI roughness prediction processor. Using the geometric information of the workpiece, cutting parameters and machine tool parameters as inputs, product performance metrics combining surface roughness and machining time can be predicted as outputs of the system. The integrated system provides users with a way to evaluate manufacturing performance before performing actual operations and to reduce test time for cutting parameter development. The model is suitable for complex surface finishes as well as for the production of small batches with high parametric variance. In addition, the partial set of image processing and roughness prediction modules can be used alone as an effective intelligent surface quality inspection system.
Additive manufacturing using Fused Filament Fabrication: evolution and trends
Authors: Aguilar-Duque Julian Israel , Garcia Jorge Luis , Hernández-Arellano Juan Luis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology to know their evolution and trends, analyzing the materials, workforce, machinery, methods, and management been used. A literature review is done regarding FFF usage between 2010–2020. Data is analyzed for identify the countries that are applying this technology, the industrial sector, academic resources available and a curve is fitted to data for forecasting a trend until 2025. Projections indicate a growth of 300% for workforce in FFF usage for 2025, 280% for machinery, 312% for materials, 275% for the creation and modification of methods and, 320% growth for management activities.
Poor weight gain and its predictors among preterm neonates admitted at Muhimbili National hospital in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania from September 2018 to February 2019
Authors: Ndembo Victoria Paul , Naburi Helga , Kisenge Rodrick , Leyna Germana H. , Moshiro Candida 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Preterm delivery is among the major public health problems worldwide and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. Postnatal poor weight gain, which can contribute to mortality, can be influenced by feeding practices, medical complications and quality of care that is provided to these high-risk neonates. This study aimed to investigate the proportion and predictors of poor weight gain among preterm neonates at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), from September 2018 to February 2019.Methods: A hospital-based prospective cohort study involving preterm neonates with Gestation age (GA) <37 weeks receiving care at MNH. Eligible preterm, were consecutively recruited at admission and followed up until discharge, death or end of neonatal period. Poor weight gain was defined as weight gain less than 15g per kg per day. The risk factors associated with poor weight gain were evaluated. Predictors of poor weight gain were evaluated using a multivariate analysis. Results were considered statistically significant if P -value was ˂ 0.05 and 95% confidence interval (CI) did not include 1 Results: A total of 227 preterm neonates < 37 weeks GA, with male to female ratio of 1:1.2 were enrolled in the study. The overall proportion of preterm with poor weight gain was 86.8% (197/227). Proportion of poor weight gain among the early and late preterm babies, were 88.5% (100/113) and 85.1% (97/114) respectively. Predictors of poor weight gain were low level of maternal education (AOR=2.58; 95%Cl: 1.02-6.53), cup feeding as the initial method of feeding (AOR=8.65; 95%Cl: 1.59-16.24) and delayed initiation of the first feed (AOR=10.06; 95%Cl: 4.14-24.43). A previous history of preterm delivery was protective against poor weight gain (AOR=0.33; 95% Cl: 0.11-0.79). Conclusion and recommendation: Poor weight gain was a significant problem among preterm receiving care at MNH. This can be addressed by emphasizing on early initiation of feed and tube feeding for neonates who are not able to breastfeed. Health education and counselling to mothers focusing on feeding practices as well as close supervision of feeding especially for mothers experiencing difficulties in feeding their preterm will potentially minimize risk of growth failure.
Diatomological Mapping of Aurangabad Region for Unrevealing Drowning Mystery
Authors: Shaikh Junaid , GHUGE ARUN , Sangle Sandeep , Suryawanshi Sagar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose:Drowning is the third unnatural cause of death in India. Drowning death is still considered as one of the most difficult to investigate, it requires the expertise in the pathophysiology and limnology. Long procedural protocol in laboratory analysis of vital organs and the site to obtain the victim and site-relation that creates a burden on the investigating agency. The presence of diatoms in the vital organs of the body helps to establish the pre- or post-mortem drowning death and the appearance of site-specific/unique diatoms for a region aids into locating the exact drowning site. The onsite identification can be solved by studying the diversity and preparing the diatoms map (D-map). Availability of D-map can help to reduce the investigation time and helps in confirmation of the drowning site.Methods:In the present study, samples were collected from the 12 water bodies in Aurangabad region M.S. India, and were acid digested, using Aqua regia solution containing HNO3: H2SO4 in 1:3 proportion in 20ml of water sample. Slides were prepared, mounted and microscopic analysis was performed using light and inverted phase microscope.Results:The D-map was generated and it featured 55 identified species, amongst the members of Nitzschia, Navicula and Cymbella were commonly found in many water bodies, while Craticula, Gomphonema, Tibetiella, Melosira, Pleurosira, and Mastogloia were restricted to only single water body. These unique diatoms can be used as site-specific indicators in drowning investigation of Aurangabad region. This study generated diatomic map for experimental water body present in Aurangabad region.Conclusion:These D-maps will be helpful in dispense a significant information about water bodies and their common as well as unique flora with a qualitative and quantitative distribution of diatoms. D- Map generated in this study can be harnessed to update knowledge of diatomology or diatoms database and generated data will aid in drowning investigation.
Estrogen-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis as an Unexpected Outcome of Aromatase Inhibitor-Resistance in ER+&nbsp;Breast Cancer
Authors: Mori Hitomi , Saeki Kohei , Chang Gregory , Hsu Pei-Yin , Wang Jinhui , Wu Xiwei , Kanaya Noriko , Wang Xiaoqiang , Somlo George , Nakamura Masafumi , Chen Shiuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Estrogen is known to promotes hormone-dependent breast cancer through activation of estrogen receptor (ER)-α encoded by ESR1. However, several clinical trials reported the unexpected therapeutic benefit of E2 for aromatase inhibitor (AI)-resistant cases of ER+ breast cancer. Considering potential impact of such clinical observation, we decided to determine the mechanisms of estrogen-induced tumor regression. Methods: A unique estrogen-inhibitory patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor, GS3, was established from an AI resistant ER+/HER2– brain metastatic breast cancer. In vivo estrogen suppression was confirmed through experiments by implanting 17β-estradiol (E2) pellets in mice carrying GS3, and then the single-cell analysis was performed using GS3 tumors. In vitro E2 suppression analysis was carried out using organoids from GS3.Results: The E2-induced suppression of GS3 involves ERα, which was wild-type and not amplified. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis of this PDX has revealed that E2 treatment (for 1 week) induces cell cycle arrest in both ESR1+ cells and ESR1– cells, demonstrating the unexpected influence of estrogen on ESR1– cells in ER+ breast cancer. E2 upregulated the expression of estrogen-regulated genes, including a tumor suppressor gene, IL24, and lower levels of IL24 were linked to estrogen independence, after three rounds of intermittent E2 treatment. IL24+ cells included more G1 phase cells of cell cycle compared to IL24– cells. Hallmark apoptosis gene sets were upregulated and the hallmark G2M checkpoint gene set was downregulated in IL24+ cells after E2 treatment. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased after long term (for 4 weeks) E2 treatment. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that long term E2 treatment induced expression of apoptosis-associated protein cleaved-PARP and reduction of the pro-survival protein Bcl-xl level.Conclusions: There is the need of markers for patients who can benefit from E2 treatment after AI resistance, and measurements of ER and PR expression are not enough. Analysis of GS3 PDX has revealed that estrogen induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our study has revealed the cross-talk between ESR1+ and ESR1– cells as well as potential roles of IL24 in estrogen-suppressive tumors.
Effect of Time of Cord Clamping on Serum Bilirubin Level among Full Term Babies Born at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: A Three Arm Randomized Control Trial.
Authors: Tesfaye Biruk Hailu , Gebremariam Mulugeta Betre , Estifanos Abiy Seifu , Gebremedhin Asrat D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Delayed cord clamping (DCC) above one minute is associated with nutritional and developmental benefits newborns. DCC could also lead to elevated serum bilirubin, leading to jaundice that require phototherapy at the early ages of life. However, evidence on the relationship between DCC and outcomes is limited in resource-limited settings.Objective: To evaluate the effect of the time of cord clamping on serum bilirubin level at 24 hours post-birth in an Ethiopian Tertiary Care hospital.Methods: A three-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted between October 2019-January 2020 targeting healthy, full-term neonates. Study participants were randomly assigned into one of the following interventions depending on the timing of cord clamping: immediate cord clamping (<30 seconds), intermediate cord clamping (60 sec), and delayed cord clamping (180 seconds). The primary outcome is serum bilirubin level in the newborns, which was assessed at 24-hour after birth and before they were discharged home. Descriptive analysis was applied to assess differences between groups in terms of demographic, obstetric, and social characteristics of participants, while linear regression model was employed to examine the association between cord clamping time and serum bilirubin level. STATA version 14 was used for statistical analyses.Result: A total of 141 term newborns were included and randomized into the three categories. Demographic, social and obstetrics factors of the women were not different across groups except labor duration that had a P-value < 0.05. Time of cord clamping was not a significant predictor of total serum bilirubin levels at 24 hours post-birth, whereas cord blood total serum bilirubin (coef. 0.24; p<0.05) and bilirubin nomogram high-risk zone (Coef. 6.25; p<0.001) were significant predictors.Conclusion: Time of umbilical cord clamping has no effect on the total serum bilirubin level of neonates at least within 24 hours of birth.
The Evolution of Stream Dissolved Organic Matter Composition Following Glacier Retreat in Coastal Watersheds of Southeast Alaska
Authors: Holt Amy Dehner , Fellman Jason , Hood Eran , Kellerman Anne M , Raymond Peter , Stubbins Aron , Dittmar Thorsten , Spencer Robert G.M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Climate change is melting glaciers and altering watershed biogeochemistry across the globe, particularly in regions dominated by mountain glaciers, such as southeast Alaska. Glacier dominated watersheds exhibit distinct dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics compared to forested and vegetated watersheds. However, there is a paucity of information on how stream DOM composition changes as glaciers retreat and terrestrial ecosystem succession ensues. Importantly, it is unclear over what timescales these transformations occur. Here, we used bulk, isotopic and ultrahigh resolution molecular-level techniques to assess how streamwater DOM composition evolves in response to glacier retreat and subsequent terrestrial ecosystem succession. For this, water samples were collected from eleven streams across a chronosequence spanning a temporal gradient 0 to ~1,400 years since glacier retreat in coastal, southeast Alaska. During the first ~200 years since glacier retreat, stream DOM showed marked and consistent changes in bulk, isotopic, and molecular-level composition. In particular, there was a decreased abundance of ancient, energy-rich (e.g., elevated aliphatic contribution), low aromaticity (e.g., low SUVA 254 and AI mod ) DOM and an increased abundance of soil and vegetation derived aromatic DOM (e.g., more depleted d 13 C, elevated condensed aromatic and polyphenolic contribution) that had a modern radiocarbon age. After ~200 years of ecosystem development, DOM composition was comparable to that observed for other temperate and arctic forested watersheds without permafrost influence. These results underscore the timelines on which glacier retreat may have substantial impacts on watershed biogeochemistry and coastal ecosystems that receive DOM subsidies from these rapidly changing landscapes.
Self-contained system for mitigation of contaminated aerosol sources of SARS-CoV-2&nbsp;
Authors: Patel Bhavesh , Forzani Erica , Lowell Amelia , McKay Kelly , Karam Karam Abi , Pandian Adithya Shyamala , Pyznar Gabriel , Xian Xiaojun , Serhan Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Contaminated aerosols and micro droplets are easily generated by infected hosts through sneezing, coughing, speaking and breathing1-3 and harm humans’ health and the global economy. While most of the efforts are usually targeted towards protecting individuals from getting infected,4 eliminating transmissions from infection sources is also important to prevent disease transmission. Supportive therapies for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) pneumonia such as oxygen supplementation, nebulizers and non-invasive mechanical ventilation all carry an increased risk for viral transmission via aerosol to healthcare workers.5-9 In this work, we study the efficacy of five methods for self-containing aerosols emitted from infected subjects undergoing nebulization therapies with a diverse spectrum on oxygen delivery therapies. The work includes five study cases: Case I: Use of a Full-Face Mask with biofilter in bilevel positive airway pressure device (BPAP) therapy, Case II: Use of surgical mask in High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) therapy, Case III: Use of a modified silicone disposable mask in a HFNC therapy, Case IV: Use of a modified silicone disposable mask with a regular nebulizer and normal breathing, Case V: Use of a mitigation box with biofilter in a Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilator (NIPPV). We demonstrate that while cases I, III and IV showed efficacies of 98-100%; cases II and V, which are the most commonly used, resulted with significantly lower efficacies of 10-24% to mitigate the dispersion of nebulization aerosols. Therefore, implementing cases I, III and IV in health care facilities may help battle the contaminations and infections via aerosol transmission during a pandemic.
Nurses’ and midwives’ perspectives on how the crave for the ‘perfect’ body image affect their own breastfeeding practices: A qualitative study in Ghana
Authors: Acheampong Angela Kwartemaa , ABUKARI ALHASSAN SIBDOW 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization has recommended that, all infants should be breastfed for at least two years with six months of exclusive breastfeeding. This is due to the many benefits of breastfeeding to the mother, child and the nation. There is paucity of literature on the breastfeeding practices of nurses and midwives with regards to issues relating to body image. Therefore, this study explored the perspectives of breastfeeding nurses and midwives on how their body image affect their breastfeeding practices. Methods : Qualitative exploratory descriptive design was used to conduct this study. Five focus group discussions were conducted with each group having five members after participants were purposively selected into the study. Data was analyzed inductively after it was audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Results : Three main themes emerged after data analysis which included: Body image concerns and breastfeeding, sociocultural pressures and breastfeeding and coping strategies. Participants were of the view that, they had concerns with regards to weight gain due to the need to eat adequately in order to lactate. To participants, those concerns and pressures negatively affect their breastfeeding practices. These body image concerns are fueled by sociocultural pressures such as negative comments from loved ones and social media. They coped with self-motivation and the love they have for their children. Conclusion : It is apparent that, breastfeeding health professionals need support in order to successfully breastfeed their infants till the stipulated time frame. Keywords: Nurses and midwives, breastfeeding, body image and breastfeeding, body image concerns, Ghana, sociocultural pressures and breastfeeding.