bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De‐epithelialized gingival graft versus subepithelial connective tissue graft in the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions using the tunnel technique: 1‐year results of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bakhishov Hikmat , Isler Sila Cagri , Bozyel Bejna , Yıldırım Benay , Tekindal Mustafa Agah , Ozdemir Burcu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the clinical efficacy and postoperative morbidity of de‐epithelialized gingival graft (DGG) with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) on treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions (MAGRs) with tunnel technique (TUN) and to evaluate histological characteristics of the palatal grafts.Materials and methodsTwenty‐seven patients with MAGRs affecting at least 2 adjacent teeth were treated with either DGG + TUN or SCTG + TUN. Recession depth(RD) and width(RW), probing depth(PD), clinical attachment level(CAL), keratinized tissue height(KTH), gingival thickness(GT), and complete and mean root coverage(CRC, MRC) were evaluated at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Multilevel analysis was performed to identify patient‐ and tooth/site‐related predictors for the 12‐month MRC outcomes. Postoperative patient morbidity and histological characteristics of palatal graft samples obtained during harvesting were investigated.ResultsAt the 12‐month follow‐up, MRC was 91.72% ± 16.59% and 84.72% ± 19.72% in DGG + TUN and SCTG + TUN groups (p = .001). Multilevel regression analysis identified RD, KTH and GT as variables associated with MRC. No significant difference between the groups was observed regarding postoperative patient morbidity parameters. Cellularity was found significantly higher in the SCTG samples compared to the DGG samples (p < .05).ConclusionsAlthough DGG + TUN presented higher MRC and CRC compared to SCTG + TUN in the treatment of MAGRs, treatment method was not a significant predictive factor for the amount of MRC outcomes while RD, KTH and GT were significant predictive factors.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, anagliptin, alters hepatic insulin clearance in relation to the glycemic status in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Abe Takahiro , Matsubayashi Yasuhiro , Muragishi Sayaka , Yoshida Akihiro , Suganami Hideki , Furusawa Kenichi , Fujihara Kazuya , Tanaka Shiro , Kaku Kohei , Sone Hirohito 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study investigated the impact of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, anagliptin, on hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients and explored its relationship to glycemic status.Materials and MethodsData on 765 participants in anagliptin phase 2 and 3 studies were analyzed. Adjusted changes in variables during 12 weeks of anagliptin therapy were compared with a placebo. HIC was calculated as the ratio, C‐peptide area under the curve 0–120 min to insulin area under the curve 0–120 min, after a meal tolerance test. To explore the effects of baseline HIC levels on variables, participants receiving anagliptin were divided according to quartiles of baseline HIC. Furthermore, multivariate analysis investigated the association between baseline HIC levels and glycemic status.ResultsAnagliptin significantly reduced glycosylated hemoglobin levels (P < 0.001 vs placebo) and HIC levels (P < 0.01). Longer duration of diabetes, lower body mass index, higher glycosylated hemoglobin and lower insulin secretion capacity were observed with increases in baseline HIC levels. Improvements in glycosylated hemoglobin, glycoalbumin and 1,5‐anhydroglucitol levels were greater in the relatively higher HIC group (baseline HIC levels ≥median) than in the lower HIC group (<median).ConclusionsAnagliptin affected HIC levels according to HIC baseline levels. Higher baseline HIC values might result in improved hyperglycemia through reduced HIC.
Variable routes to genomic and host adaptation among coronaviruses
Authors: Montoya Vincent , McLaughlin Angela , Mordecai Gideon J. , Miller Rachel L. , Joy Jeffrey B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNatural selection operating on the genomes of viral pathogens in different host species strongly contributes to adaptation facilitating host colonization. Here, we analyse, quantify and compare viral adaptation in genomic sequence data derived from seven zoonotic events in the Coronaviridae family among primary, intermediate and human hosts. Rates of nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) changes on specific amino acid positions were quantified for each open reading frame (ORF). Purifying selection accounted for 77% of all sites under selection. Diversifying selection was most frequently observed in viruses infecting the primary hosts of each virus and predominantly occurred in the orf1ab genomic region. Within all four intermediate hosts, diversifying selection on the spike gene was observed either solitarily or in combination with orf1ab and other genes. Consistent with previous evidence, pervasive diversifying selection on coronavirus spike genes corroborates the role this protein plays in host cellular entry, adaptation to new hosts and evasion of host cellular immune responses. Structural modelling of spike proteins identified a significantly higher proportion of sites for SARS‐CoV‐2 under positive selection in close proximity to sites of glycosylation relative to the other coronaviruses. Among human coronaviruses, there was a significant inverse correlation between the number of sites under positive selection and the estimated years since the virus was introduced into the human population. Abundant diversifying selection observed in SARS‐CoV‐2 suggests the virus remains in the adaptive phase of the host switch, typical of recent host switches. A mechanistic understanding of where, when and how genomic adaptation occurs in coronaviruses following a host shift is crucial for vaccine design, public health responses and predicting future pandemics.
Worker reciprocity and the returns to training: Evidence from a field experiment
Authors: Sauermann Jan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDo reciprocal workers have higher returns to employer‐sponsored training? Using a field experiment with random assignment to training combined with survey information on workers' reciprocal inclinations, the results show that reciprocal workers reciprocate employers' training investments by higher posttraining performance. This result, which is robust to controlling for observed personality traits and worker fixed effects, suggests that individuals reciprocate the firm's human capital investment with higher effort, in line with theoretical models on gift exchange in the workplace. This finding provides an alternative rationale to explain firm training investments even with the risk of poaching.
Nursery origin and population connectivity of swordfish Xiphias gladius in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Wells R. J. David , Quesnell Veronica A. , Humphreys Robert L. , Dewar Heidi , Rooker Jay R. , Alvarado Bremer Jaime , Snodgrass Owyn E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElement:Ca ratios in the otolith cores of young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) swordfish, Xiphias gladius, were used as natural tracers to predict the nursery origin of subadult and adult swordfish from three foraging grounds in the North Pacific Ocean (NPO). First, the chemistry of otolith cores (proxy for nursery origin) was used to develop nursery‐specific elemental signatures in YOY swordfish. Sagittal otoliths of YOY swordfish were collected from four regional nurseries in the NPO between 2000 and 2005: (1) Central Equatorial North Pacific Ocean (CENPO), (2) Central North Pacific Ocean (CNPO), (3) Eastern Equatorial North Pacific Ocean (EENPO) and (4) Western North Pacific Ocean (WNPO). Calcium (43Ca), magnesium (24Mg), strontium (88Sr) and barium (138Ba) were quantified in the otolith cores of YOY swordfish using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Univariate tests indicated that three element:Ca ratios (Mg:Ca, Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca) were significantly different among nurseries. Overall classification success of YOY swordfish to their nursery of collection was 72% based on quadratic discriminant analysis. Next, element:Ca ratios in the otolith cores of subadults and adults collected from three foraging grounds where targeted fisheries exist (Hawaii, California and Mexico) were examined to calculate nursery‐specific contribution estimates. Mixed‐stock analysis indicated that the CENPO nursery contributed the majority of individuals to all three foraging grounds (Hawaii 45.6 ± 13.2%, California 84.6 ± 10.8% and Mexico 64.5 ± 15.9%). The results from this study highlight the importance of the CENPO nursery and provide researchers and fisheries managers with new information on the connectivity of the swordfish population in the NPO.
Vitamin D status and its dietary and lifestyle factors in children during the first 5 years of life: A cross‐sectional multicentre Jiangsu bone study
Authors: Zhao Yan , Qin Rui , Hong Hong , Lv Heyu , Ye Kan , Wei Yarong , Zheng Wen , Qi Hongxia , Ni Yufei , Zhang Li , Yang Guoqiang , Liu Guoqin , Wu Aiping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the vitamin D status with its demographic and lifestyle factors including dietary, supplementation, and physical activity in 0–5 years old children.MethodsThis was a large population‐based cross‐sectional multicentre study in which the children were recruited from 12 Children’s Health Care Centers by a stratified cluster random‐sampling method in 10 cities in Jiangsu Province, China.ResultsA total number of 5289 children were investigated. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 30.1%. The concentration of 25 hydroxyvitamin D was 64.0 (46.3–83.0) nmol mL−1 after adjustment for covariates. Children with higher risk of vitamin D deficiency were more likely to be at older age, girls, survey conducted in spring, location in southern Jiangsu province, residence in urban, outdoor activity < 2 h day−1 (all p < 0.05). Moreover, those with lower risk were more likely to be the number of parity ≥ 2 times, vitamin D supplementation from birth to 6 months, the initial time of vitamin D supplementation after birth ≤ 1 months, vitamin D and calcium supplementation in the last 3 months, and dose of vitamin D supplementation > 400 IU day−1 (all p < 0.05). Children with preferences for sweets, meat consumption > 150.0 g day−1, milk consumption < 250 mL day−1, time of sleeping < 10 h day−1 had higher risks of vitamin D deficiency. However, these relationships were affected by demographics.ConclusionsVitamin D status during the first five years of life was suboptimal and was associated with demographic and lifestyle determinants including milk, meat, sweets, vitamin D and calcium supplementation, sleeping and outdoor activity.
Efficient generation of homozygous substitutions in rice in one generation utilizing an rABE8e base editor
Authors: Wei Chuang , Wang Chong , Jia Meng , Guo Hong‐Xuan , Luo Peng‐Yu , Wang Mu‐Gui , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Zhang Hui 
Published: March 2021

SummaryA new deaminase, TadA8e, was recently evolved in the laboratory. TadA8e catalyzes DNA deamination over 1,000 times faster than ABE7.10. We developed a high‐efficiency adenine base editor, rABE8e (rice ABE8e), combining monomeric TadA8e, bis‐bpNLS and codon optimization. rABE8e had substantially increased editing efficiencies at NG‐protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and NGG‐PAM target sequences compared with ABEmax. For most targets, rABE8e exhibited nearly 100% editing efficiency and high homozygous substitution rates in the specific editing window, especially at Positions A5 and A6. The ability to rapidly generate plant materials with homozygous base substitutions will benefit gene function research and precision molecular breeding.
Moral distress of medical family therapists and their physician colleagues during the transition to COVID‐19
Authors: Patterson Jo E. , Edwards Todd M. , Griffith James L. , Wright Sarah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has transformed healthcare for both clinicians and patients. This conceptual article uses ideas from the moral distress literature to understand the challenges MedFTs and physicians face during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The authors highlight earlier themes from the moral distress literature and share current reflections to illustrate similar challenges. Some clinicians who were already experiencing a rise in burnout due to the mass digitization of healthcare are now facing increased moral distress due to ethical dilemmas, pervasive uncertainty, boundary ambiguity, isolation, and burnout brought about by emerging COVID‐19 policies. Fears about personal safety, exposing loved ones, financial concerns, self‐doubt, and frustrations with telehealth have contributed to increased moral distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Building resilience by setting one's personal moral compass can help clinicians avoid the pitfalls of moral distress. Five steps for developing resilience and implications for guiding trainees in developing resilience are discussed.
Perioral dermatitis: Diagnosis, proposed etiologies, and management
Authors: Searle Tamara , Ali Faisal R. , Al‐Niaimi Firas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPerioral dermatitis is a common cutaneous condition characterized by acneiform facial eruptions often with an eczematous appearance. A granulomatous subtype exists in addition to the classic variant. While topical corticosteroids have been largely implicated in this condition, its etiology is not completely understood.MethodsUsing the keywords “corticosteroids,” “dermatology,” “fusobacteria,” “perioral dermatitis,” and “periorificial dermatitis,” we searched the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE to find the relevant literature. Only articles in English were chosen. The level of evidence was evaluated and selected according to the highest level working our way downwards using the Oxford Centre of Evidence‐Based Medicine 2011 guidance.ResultsThis systematic review found the strongest evidence to support topical corticosteroid misuse as the principal causative factor in the pathogenesis of perioral dermatitis.ConclusionIn terms of treatment, further research is required to robustly investigate promising treatment options including tetracyclines, topical metronidazole, topical azelaic acid, adapalene gel, and oral isotretinoin.
The efficacy and safety of an antiaging topical serum containing hesperetin and sodium cyclic lysophosphatidic acid: A single‐center clinical trial
Authors: Sheen Yi‐Shaun , Huang Hsin‐Yi , Liao Yi‐Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging is characterized by dehydration and degradation of the structural components in the dermis. It has been demonstrated that hesperetin possesses collagen synthesis and antioxidant properties and sodium cyclic lysophosphatidic acid (NcPA) increases skin moisture through upregulating the synthesis of hyaluronic acid.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a serum containing hesperetin 0.1% and NcPA 0.1% for photoaged skin.Patients/MethodsThe trial consisted of a 12‐week topical application of the test product twice daily. A total of 35 female subjects were enrolled. The primary outcome was the change of skin hydration and elasticity, which were determined by Corneometer and Cutometer measurements. Skin biopsy for histological evaluations and subject's self‐assessment were conducted.ResultsAt week 12, a significant improvement of stratum corneum hydration (p = 0.015) and skin elasticity (p < 0.001) was detected comparing to baseline. The skin biopsy showed significantly improved scores of hyaluronic acid levels (p = 0.034) and elastic fiber structure (p = 0.023). Moreover, the test product resulted in a significant subject‐reported overall satisfaction rate 94.3% after 12‐week application (p = 0.005).ConclusionSkin care product containing hesperetin and NcPA showed significant antiaging effects on skin hydration and elasticity.
Attitudes toward overtime work and self‐training: A survey on obstetricians and gynecologists in Japan
Authors: Mayama Michinori , Sekine Masayuki , Onodera Yohei , Suemitsu Tokumasa , Maeda Yuto , Nakano Kazutoshi , Sugita Yosuke , Ogura Jumpei , Ohsuga Takuma , Kodera Chisato , Murakami Takashi , Kido Michiko , Suzuki Yukio , Shibata Ayako , Nishijima Koji , Umazume Takeshi , Nakagawa Satoshi , Unno Nobuya , Komatsu Hiroaki , Shozu Makio , Enomoto Takayuki , Watari Hidemichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan proposed a regulation of overtime work as a reform in work style. However, the regulation may deteriorate the quality of medical services due to the reduction in training time. Thus, the study aimed to reveal perceptions in terms of generation gaps in views on self‐training and overtime work, among members of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG).MethodsA web‐based, self‐administered questionnaire survey was conducted among members of the JSOG. In total, 1256 respondents were included in the analysis. Data were collected on age, sex, experience as a medical doctor, location of workplace, work style, the type of main workplace, and number of full‐time doctors in the main workplace. The study examined the attitudes of the respondents toward overtime work and self‐training. The respondents were categorized based on experience as a medical doctor.ResultsAccording to years of experience, 112 (8.9%), 226 (18.0%), 383 (30.5%), 535 (42.6%) doctors have been working for ≤5, 6–10, 11–19, and ≥ 20 years, respectively. Although 54.5% of doctors with ≤5 years of experience expected the regulation on working hours to improve the quality of medical services, those with ≥20 years of experience expressed potential deterioration. After adjusting for covariates, more years of experience were significantly related with the expectation of deterioration in the quality of medical services.ConclusionsThe study revealed a generation gap in the views about self‐training and overtime work among obstetricians and gynecologists in Japan.
Estrogen‐related receptor alpha copy number variation is associated with ovarian cancer histological grade
Authors: Huang Xiqi , Ruan Guanyu , Sun Pengming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimCopy number variations (CNVs) are related to the genetic and phenotypic diversity of cancers and identifying genetic alterations could improve treatment strategies. Here, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to explore associations between estrogen‐related receptor alpha (ESRRA) CNVs and histological grade in patients with ovarian cancer (OC).MethodsGene expression data and clinical information of 620 OC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas）TCGA and associations between ESRRA CNVs and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses to obtain odds ratios (ORs) using a 95% confidence interval (CI) were performed, adjusting for race, age, histological grade, and tumor size.ResultsESRRA CNVs were associated with histological grade (OR 0.6235 [95% CI, 0.3593–0.8877]; p < 0.05) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PPARGC1A) CNVs (OR −0.6298 [95% CI, −0.9011 to −0.3585]; p < 0.05). In multivariate analyses, ESRRA CNVs remained significantly associated with histological grade (OR 0.6492 [95% CI, 0.3549–0.9435]; p < 0.05) and PPARGC1A CNVs (OR −0.6236 [95% CI, −0.9269 to 0.3203]; p < 0.05).ConclusionThere was a significant association between ESRRA CNVs in patients with OC and histological grade of the cancer.
Negative contact, collective action, and social change: Critical reflections, technological advances, and new directions
Authors: Dixon John , McKeown Shelley 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntergroup contact research has expanded exponentially in the last few decades, with researchers employing a widening range of methods to offer new insights into the effects of both positive and negative contact experiences. In this commentary, we discuss the contributions of three papers to this special issue of the Journal of Social Issues on advances in intergroup contact research, namely Schäfer et al.’s (2021) review of research on negative intergroup contact experiences, Hässler et al.’s (2020) review of research on intergroup contact and social change, and O'Donnell et al.’s (2021) review of technological and analytic advances in contact research. Having outlined the key arguments of each paper, we then offer some theoretical and methodological reflections, also discussing potential gaps, connections, opportunities, and future directions along the way. We end by reflecting on a common theme that permeates our commentary: the need to contextualize adequately the dynamics of intergroup contact across a range of everyday settings. Here we argue that to fully understand how to promote beneficial forms of intergroup contact, we need to consider more carefully how contact is experienced, enacted, and evaluated “on the ground” by participants themselves. This requires work of both theoretical and methodological innovation.
Algal Community Change in Mountain Lakes of the Alps Reveals Effects of Climate Warming and Shifting Treelines1
Authors: Kuefner Wolfgang , Hofmann Andrea M. , Geist Juergen , Dubois Natalie , Raeder Uta 
Published: March 2021

The biological communities of mountain lakes are suspected to be highly sensitive to global warming and associated catchment changes. To identify the parameters determining algal community responses, subfossil pigments from 21 different mountain lakes in the Bavarian‐Tyrolean Limestone Alps were investigated. Sediment cores were radio‐isotopically dated, and their pigment preservation evaluated. General additive models (GAM) of pigment compositions were calculated with temperature as the explanatory variable and generalized linear models with several lake parameters explaining log‐transformed GAM P‐values. Lake depth and trophic state were identified as major control variables of the algal community and productivity changes. Shifts in a deep oligotrophic alpine lake (lg(P) = −1.04) were half as strong as in a shallow mesotrophic alpine lake (lg(P) = −1.86) with faster warming and higher productivity forcing the development of biomass. Phytoplankton and macrophyte pigments increased clearly with warming, at lower altitudes, and decreased at the treeline, so that periphytic pigments dominated alpine sediments. This pattern is probably the result of interactions of UV radiation and allochthonous inputs of DOM. Our findings suggest that (sub)alpine shallow lakes with higher nutrient levels are most vulnerable to climate change‐driven changes whereas deep, nutrient‐poor lakes appear more resilient.