bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Star formation histories of Coma cluster galaxies matched to simulated orbits hint at quenching around first pericenter
Authors: Upadhyay A. K. , Oman K. A. , Trager S. C. 
Published: May 2021

Context. The star formation in galaxies in present-day clusters has almost entirely been shut down, but the exact mechanism that quenched these galaxies is still uncertain.
Aims. By tracing the orbital and star formation histories of galaxies within the Coma cluster, we seek to understand the role of the high-density cluster environment in quenching these galaxies.
Methods. We combine star formation histories extracted from high-signal-to-noise spectra of 11 early-type galaxies around the center of the Coma cluster with probability distributions for their orbital parameters obtained using an N-body simulation to connect their orbital and star formation histories.
Results. We find that all 11 galaxies likely quenched near their first pericentric approach. Higher stellar mass galaxies (log(M⋆/M⊙) > 10) had formed a higher fraction of their stellar mass (more than ∼90%) than their lower mass counterparts (∼80−90%) by the time they fell into the cluster (when they cross 2.5rvir). We find that the expected infall occurred around z ∼ 0.6, followed by the first pericentric passage ∼4 Gyr later. Galaxies in our sample formed a significant fraction of their stellar mass, up to 15%, between infall and first pericenter, and had assembled more than ∼98% of their cumulative stellar mass by first pericenter.
Conclusions. Unlike previous low-redshift studies that suggest that star formation continues until about first apocenter or later, the high percentage of stellar mass already formed by first pericenter in our sample galaxies points to star formation ceasing within a gigayear after the first pericentric passage. We consider the possible physical mechanisms driving quenching and find that our results resemble the situation in clusters at z ∼ 1, where active stripping of gas (ram-pressure or tidally driven) seems to be required to quench satellites by their first pericentric passage. However, a larger sample will be required to conclusively account for the unknown fraction of preprocessed satellites in the Coma cluster.
Myo-Neurografie 1990–2020 entlang der „Wissenspunkte für die EMG-Prüfung“ der DGKN
Authors: Schulte-Mattler Wilhelm J. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie „Wissenspunkte für die EMG-Prüfung“ der DGKN (https://dgkn.de/images/richtlinien/RL18_EMG_Wissenpunkte.pdf) sind zuletzt vor 10 Jahren bearbeitet worden. Diese letzte Aktualisierung hatte nur zu geringen Änderungen geführt. Fast alle dieser Punkte sind so im Wesentlichen unverändert aufgelistet, seit der Autor dieser Zeilen EMG betreibt, also seit mehr als 30 Jahren. Hier soll der Versuch unternommen werden, anhand dieser Punkte aufzuzeigen, was sich in dieser Zeit verändert hat, was neu ist, aber auch, was weggefallen ist – oder wegfallen sollte.
Präkonzeptionelle Beratung bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Madej Dária , Wimberger Pauline , Tsourdi Elena , Goeckenjan Maren 
Published: May 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDiabetes mellitus (Typ 1 und 2) kommt bei > 1,2 % aller Graviditäten vor und weist eine steigende Prävalenz auf. Schwangere Frauen mit manifestem Diabetes und ihre Kinder haben ein höheres Risiko für Komplikationen während der Schwangerschaft und perinatal. Im Rahmen der präkonzeptionellen Beratung sollte die glykämische Stoffwechsellage optimiert werden, eine Schulung bezüglich Monitorings und zu erwartenden Notfällen angeboten werden und ggf. orale Antidiabetika auf Insulin umgestellt werden. Weitere erkennbare Risiken wie Adipositas, Hypertonie, Retinopathie, Schilddrüsen- und Nierenerkrankungen sollten interdisziplinär evaluiert und behandelt werden. Folsäure und Jodid sollten verordnet werden und über die potenziellen Folgen für das Kind muss aufgeklärt werden. Wenn Frauen mit Kinderwunsch eine Normoglykämie erreichen und wenn die mütterlichen Begleitrisiken bereits präkonzeptionell optimiert werden, ist in der Regel mit einer weitgehend normalen Schwangerschaft zu rechnen.
Is transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) an answer to post-peroral endoscopic myotomy gastroesophageal reflux? A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Brewer Gutierrez Olaya I. , Chang Kenneth J. , Benias Petros C. , Sedarat Alireza , Dbouk Mohamad H. , Godoy Brewer Gala , Lee David P. , Okolo III Patrick I. , Canto Marcia I. , Khashab Mouen A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The use of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia has a high incidence of post-procedural gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) may be an ideal endoscopic treatment. We report our experience with the use of post-POEM TIF.
Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, post-POEM patients with GER who underwent TIF were included. The study end points were: (i) technical success; (ii) safety; (iii) effectiveness (changes in symptoms, scores, proton pump inhibitor [PPI] use, pH studies).
Results: 12 patients underwent TIF after POEM, nine of whom had daily symptoms, with 91.7% requiring twice daily (BID) PPIs. Technical success was achieved in all patients. Two adverse events occurred. There were significant decreases in the percentage of patients on BID PPIs (P = 0.03), frequency of daily symptoms (P = 0.03), Reflux Severity Index questionnaire, and GERD Health-related Quality of Life scores (P = 0.03 and P = 0.003; n = 6). pH studies performed in seven of the patients showed a significant reduction in the mean DeMeester score (P = 0.05) and mean percentage acid exposure time (P = 0.04).
Conclusion: Our experience suggests that TIF may be effective and safe in treating GER after POEM. Larger prospective trials are needed.
Re-enter the syn-(Me,I)Bimane: A Gateway to Bimane Derivatives with Extended π-Systems
Authors: Grynszpan Flavio , Szumski Oleg , Karmakar Joy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
syn-α-Diiodobimane (syn-(R2,I)B) is a key intermediate for the derivatization of the bimane core in the α-positions. Here we describe an expeditious method to prepare symmetric α-bimane derivatives, such as syn-(R2,I)B, as well as unsymmetric ones. Our strategy turns the synthesis of α derivatives with extended π-systems practical and affordable. We applied this approach to the synthesis of ethynylbenzaldehyde bearing bimanes as potential selective probes for aldolase class I enzymes.
Effect of COVID-19 on Canadian Medical Student Attitudes toward Ophthalmology Residency Application
Authors: Lo Cody , Rai Amandeep , Micieli Jonathan A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aims to survey medical students interested in ophthalmology about how changes in electives and Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have affected their attitudes toward applying to ophthalmology residency.
Design This is a cross-sectional survey.
Participants A total of 32 Canadian medical students interested in ophthalmology responded to the survey.
Methods A 32-question survey tool used was developed in consultation with medical students, academic ophthalmologists, and residency program directors. The survey was distributed through e-mail by local ophthalmology interest groups at all of Canada's medical schools.
Results Respondents felt that changes in ability to travel for electives significantly decreased their likelihood of applying to ophthalmology residency. Additionally, respondents expressed concerns that lack of travel for electives and in-person CaRMS interviews significantly reduced their chances of successfully matching to ophthalmology. Respondents identified one-on-one video calls with program directors and residents as the initiatives that would best counteract the negative impacts from COVID-19. Increased presence of programs on social media were relatively less valued.
Conclusion Canadian medical students interested in ophthalmology have concerns about how changes in electives and the CaRMS match due to COVID-19 will impact their ability to be fairly assessed and successfully match to ophthalmology. Lack of travel for electives and interviews has also resulted in students feeling ill equipped to make informed choices about program selection. However, there remains a sustained interest in ophthalmology among applicants.
Evaluation of Hypoglycemia in Neonates of Women at Risk for Late Preterm Delivery: An Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids Trial Cohort Study
Authors: Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Jablonski Kathleen A. , Blackwell Sean C. , Tita Alan T. N. , Reddy Uma M. , Jain Lucky , Saade George R. , Rouse Dwight J. , Clark Erin A. S. , Thorp John M. , Chien Edward K. , Peaceman Alan M. , Gibbs Ronald S. , Swamy Geeta K. , Norton Mary E. , Casey Brian M. , Caritis Steve N. , Tolosa Jorge E. , Sorokin Yoram , VanDorsten J. Peter ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: May 2021

Objective In the antenatal late preterm steroids (ALPS) trial betamethasone significantly decreased short-term neonatal respiratory morbidity but increased the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia, diagnosed only categorically (<40 mg/dL). We sought to better characterize the nature, duration, and treatment for hypoglycemia.
Study Design Secondary analysis of infants from ALPS, a multicenter trial randomizing women at risk for late preterm delivery to betamethasone or placebo. This study was a reabstraction of all available charts from the parent trial, all of which were requested. Unreviewed charts included those lost to follow-up or from sites not participating in the reabstraction. Duration of hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dL), lowest value and treatment, if any, were assessed by group. Measures of association and regression models were used where appropriate.
Results Of 2,831 randomized, 2,609 (92.2%) were included. There were 387 (29.3%) and 223 (17.3%) with hypoglycemia in the betamethasone and placebo groups, respectively (relative risk [RR]: 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–1.96). Hypoglycemia generally occurred in the first 24 hours in both groups: 374/385 (97.1%) in the betamethasone group and 214/222 (96.4%) in the placebo group (p = 0.63). Of 387 neonates with hypoglycemia in the betamethasone group, 132 (34.1%) received treatment, while 73/223 (32.7%) received treatment in placebo group (p = 0.73). The lowest recorded blood sugar was similar between groups. Most hypoglycemia resolved by 24 hours in both (93.0 vs. 89.3% in the betamethasone and placebo groups, respectively, p = 0.18). Among infants with hypoglycemia in the first 24 hours, the time to resolution was shorter in the betamethasone group (2.80 [interquartile range: 2.03–7.03) vs. 3.74 (interquartile range: 2.15–15.08) hours; p = 0.002]. Persistence for >72 hours was rare and similar in both groups, nine (2.4%, betamethasone) and four (1.9%, placebo, p = 0.18).
Conclusion In this cohort, hypoglycemia was transient and most received no treatment, with a quicker resolution in the betamethasone group. Prolonged hypoglycemia was uncommon irrespective of steroid exposure.
Key Points
A Rare Case of Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in an Elderly Female: Parotid Metastases from Gastrointestinal Primary
Authors: Koyyala Venkata Pradeep Babu , Goyal Sumit , Jajodia Ankush , Sharma Manish , Gupta Manoj , Amrith BP , Alam Jahangir , Shrestha Rakshya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractParotid gland is a rare site of metastasis from gastrointestinal (GI) tract primary cancer. Here, we present an interesting case report of parotid metastasis from unknown primary with probable lower GI tract as a primary site of cancer, with a normal colonoscopy and upper GI endoscopy. This case report highlights the importance of immunohistochemistry in taking treatment decisions during dilemmatic situations.
Neonatal Outcome of Babies Born to Women 40 Years and Older in a Jamaican Birth Cohort
Authors: Trotman Helen , Samms-Vaughan Maureen , Coore-Desai Charlene , Reece Jody-Ann , Olugbuyi Oluwayomi 
Published: May 2021

Objective The study aimed to determine the outcome of babies born to women ≥40 years in a Jamaican birth cohort.
Study Design Maternal demographic data and neonatal data for women ≥40 years who delivered live singleton babies and their younger counterparts aged 20 30 years were extracted from the JA KIDS birth cohort dataset. Outcome measures were preterm birth, low birth weight, very low birth weight, extremely low birth weight, macrosomia, a low 5-minute Apgar score <7, admission to the neonatal unit, and neonatal death. Descriptive analyses were performed; statistical significance was taken at the level p <0.05.
Results A total of 5,424 women and their babies were entered into the study, 5,099 (94%) women were aged 20 to 30 years (mean age ± standard deviation [SD]: 24.5 ± 3.2 years) and 325 (6%) were aged ≥40 years (mean age ± SD: 41.5 ± 1.6 years). A greater percentage of preterm babies (18%) were born to women ≥40 years than to their younger counterparts (14%; p = 0.04). There was no difference in the proportion of low birth weight infants, very low birth weight infants, or extremely low birth weight infants born between the two groups (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in the proportion of babies who were macrosomic and in those who had a low 5-minute Apgar score <7. There were 866 (16%) neonatal admissions, 67/325 (21%) of these babies were born to women aged ≥40 years and 799/5,099 (16%) were born to their younger counterparts (p = 0.01). The commonest reason for admission was prematurity. While 60 babies died, there was no significant difference between both groups with 56 (1%) born to women 20 to 30 years and 4 (1%) born to women ≥40 years (p = 0.48).
Conclusion Adverse outcomes noted for babies born to women ≥40 years were prematurity and the need for neonatal admission. However, no excess mortality was recorded.
Key Points
Distinct contribution of cone photoreceptor subtypes to the mammalian biological clock
Authors: van Diepen Hester C. , Schoonderwoerd Robin A. , Ramkisoensing Ashna , Janse Jan A. M. , Hattar Samer , Meijer Johanna H. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Synchronization of our biological clocks to the environmental day–night cycle critically depends on daily exposure to light. Here, we show that cones transmit distinct photic information to the clock by performing recordings of clock neurons in freely moving mice with cones as their only photoreceptors. This is in contrast to the expectation that exclusively melanopsin and rods fulfil this role. Moreover, we show that especially short-wavelength–sensitive cones as compared to mid-wavelength–sensitive cones are important. The evidence for a role for cones implicates that clocks respond to a broad spectrum of colors rather than to blue light, which can be used to strengthen the clock in humans.
Polar in-plane surface orientation of a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal: Polar monodomains and twisted state electro-optics
Authors: Chen Xi , Korblova Eva , Glaser Matthew A. , Maclennan Joseph E. , Walba David M. , Clark Noel A. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
The devices of the portable computing revolution are being made possible by nematic liquid crystal display (LCD) technology. The optical changes viewed in a dynamic LCD image are based on reorienting molecules by coupling electronically generated electric fields to molecular dielectric anisotropy. This takes place in appropriate fluid electro-optic structures stabilized by nonpolar orientational coupling of molecules to surfaces. The recent observation of ferroelectric nematics having spontaneous macroscopic electric polarization density has introduced a much stronger polar coupling of electric field to molecular reorientation in nematics. This development opens opportunities for advanced electro-optics, but these will require polar control of molecular orientation by surfaces. The generation of polar-structured surfaces and their coupling to nematic polarity is demonstrated in this paper.
Teaching English to Arab learners
Authors: Chekili Ferid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Both ‘Educational Linguistics’ and ‘Pedagogical Linguistics’ have demonstrated the importance of linguistic knowledge in teaching/learning second/foreign languages. More recently, there have been concrete proposals that insights from formal linguistics and theoretical acquisition research may also play a role in pedagogy. Indeed, many observed difficulties in L2 can be traced back to lack of knowledge, on the part of teachers, of certain abstract linguistic concepts. In this paper, two English constructions (constructions with Object pronouns and DP-internal concord) claimed to be problematic for the learner/teacher in the absence of any linguistic knowledge will be investigated in terms of their abstract properties. The implication is that such linguistic knowledge will speed up the process of learning. This will be supported by previous findings on aspectual contrasts in English and Arabic where such knowledge clearly obtains, causing the learning process to be relatively rapid. Evidence for the presence of this knowledge in the learners comes from observation of the transitional stages in the learning process which indicate that the learner is on the right track to learning. The research hypothesis will be argued to have significant implications for teaching, and thus, if correct, will corroborate some recent findings.
Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass).
Authors: Parker Chris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

P. polystachion is a vigorous annual or perennial grass growing to over 1 m height, producing large numbers of seeds with limited dormancy. It is a natural invader of disturbed ground, typically occurring in fallow land in its native region in Africa. It has been widely introduced to Asia, Australia and Central and South America, both deliberately, as a potential forage plant, and accidentally. In some of these areas, especially Thailand and northern Australia, it has flourished, spreading along roadsides into both agricultural and natural habitats, sometimes in national parks and nature reserves, reducing species diversity and greatly increasing the risk of damaging fires. It is listed as a Federal Noxious Weed in USA and as a Class B and C Noxious Weed in the Northern Territory, Australia.
Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

A. sessilis is a pioneer species typically growing on disturbed areas and in wetland habitats, and regarded as a fast-growing highly invasive weed. It is adapted to grow on a range of soil types ranging from poor sandy or alkaline soils, to loam or black cotton soils. It is also able to grow in seasonally-waterlogged areas as well as in areas with extreme dry conditions (Holm et al., 1997). A. sessilis can be found invading floodplain wetlands, margins of rivers, streams, canals, ditches, ponds, reservoirs, tanks, marshes, swamps, wet low-lying ground, ephemeral pools, seasonal pans and damp forest. This species is also a weed in fields with sorghum, millet, Eleusine spp., maize, cotton, cassava, cereal crops, pastures, and vegetable farms (Gupta, 2014). Consequently, this species has been listed as invasive in India, South Africa, Namibia, Spain, Hawaii and many other islands in the Pacific Ocean (see distribution table for details). It is also listed as a noxious weed in the United States (USDA-NRCS, 2014).
TLBO based Power System Optimization for AC/DC Hybrid Systems
Authors: Suresh Babu B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This Paper Presents a TLBO based Power System Optimization for AC/DC Hybrid Systems. The objectives is to reduce the total fuel cost of generating units with optimal setting of control variables without violating inequality constraints and satisfying equality constraints. The recent developments in power electronics allow replacing the existing transmission lines by DC links with a view of making the operation more flexible, secure and economical. The solution process involves sequential NR based AC/DC power flow. It presents simulation results of IEEE 14, 30 and 57 test systems with a view of demonstrating its effectiveness.
Development and validation of the Tool for Pharmacists to Predict 30-day hospital readmission in patients with Heart Failure (ToPP-HF)
Authors: Riester Melissa R , McAuliffe Laura , Collins Christine , Zullo Andrew R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Pharmacists are well positioned to provide transitions of care (TOC) services to patients with heart failure (HF); however, hospitalizations for patients with HF likely exceed the capacity of a TOC pharmacist. We developed and validated a tool to help pharmacists efficiently identify high-risk patients with HF and maximize their potential impact by intervening on patients at the highest risk for 30-day all-cause readmission.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study including adults with HF admitted to a health system between October 1, 2016, and October 31, 2019. We randomly divided the cohort into development (n = 2,114) and validation (n = 1,089) subcohorts. Nine models were applied to select the most important predictors of 30-day readmission. The final tool, called the Tool for Pharmacists to Predict 30-day hospital readmission in patients with Heart Failure (ToPP-HF) relied upon multivariable logistic regression. We assessed discriminative ability using the C statistic and calibration using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.

Results
The risk of 30-day all-cause readmission was 15.7% (n = 331) and 18.8% (n = 205) in the development and validation subcohorts, respectively. The ToPP-HF tool included 13 variables: number of hospital admissions in previous 6 months; admission diagnosis of HF; number of scheduled medications; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis; number of comorbidities; estimated glomerular filtration rate; hospital length of stay; left ventricular ejection fraction; critical care requirement; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor use; antiarrhythmic use; hypokalemia; and serum sodium. Discriminatory performance (C statistic of 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.73) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow P = 0.28) were good.

Conclusions
The ToPP-HF performs well and can help pharmacists identify high-risk patients with HF most likely to benefit from TOC services.