bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Roles and Synergetic Effects of Iron-Group Elements on Monometals and Alloys for Electrochemical Oxidation of Ammonia
Authors: Kitano Sho , Ooi Mei Lee , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Matsumura Syo , Yamauchi Miho 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electrooxidation of NH3 has gained extensive attention for energy and environmental applications such as fuel cells and water purification. Pt-based precious metal alloy catalysts have been intensively studied as anode catalysts for the NH3 electrooxidation whereas applicability of earth-abundant transition metals to catalysts has not been sufficiently examined. In this study, we synthesized carbon-supported simple metal-nanoparticle, binary- and ternary-nanoalloy (NA) catalysts composed of Fe-group elements, i.e., Fe, Co and Ni, and systematically investigated catalytic performance of these catalysts for NH3 electrooxidation in alkaline media. We found that the affinity of constituent metals to nitrogen species controls overpotential and durability for the NH3 electrooxidation on Fe-group simple monometal and NA catalysts for the first time. Furthermore, each Fe-group element shows distinctive catalytic features for the NH3 electrooxidation, i.e., Ni ensures chemical stability, Fe effectively lowers overpotential and Co increases current density. The ternary FeCoNi/C shows excellent activities due to combination of all the catalytic features and synergetic effects exerted by the alloying.
Roadblocks to Integration; Faculty’s perspective on transition from Traditional to Integrated Medical Curriculum
Authors: Hafeez Asma , Jamil Brekhna , Khan Aaiz Feroze 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to explore the faculty’s opinion regarding factors impeding practical transition from traditional to integrated medical curriculum at the outset and a few years after the process.
Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted from April 2018 to October 2018 at two undergraduate medical colleges; one where integrated curriculum was at the outset and the second running it successfully. A total of 12 semi-structured interviews (six from each college) were recorded and transcribed. Thematic content analysis was carried out and faculty’s perceptions about factors impeding practical transition to integrated curriculum were explored at two stages, i.e., at the outset and after its implementation.
Results: Four impediments identified at the outset were deemed genuine by faculty who had gone through the experience including, faculty’s resistance, lack of training, lack of incentives, and insufficient resources. Four more impediments were identified after the experience including lack of leadership, lack of attention to faculty’s concerns, lack of communication and difficulties in setting appropriate assessment.
Conclusions: Several factors if ignored can result in failure of integration of curriculum in undergraduate medical colleges. Relevantly appropriate policies should be outlined by the regulatory body to ensure the control on the impediments.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3217
How to cite this:Hafeez A, Jamil B, Khan AF. Roadblocks to Integration; Faculty’s perspective on transition from Traditional to Integrated Medical Curriculum. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):788-793. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3217
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Regional disparities in postnatal care among mothers aged 15-49 years old in Indonesia
Authors: Cahyono Mochammad Nur , Efendi Ferry , Harmayetty Harmayetty , Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah , Hung Hsiao Ying 
Published: February 2021

Background: In Indonesia, maternal mortality remains high, significantly 61.59% occur in the postnatal period. Postnatal care (PNC) provision is a critical intervention between six hours and 42 days after childbirth and is the primary strategy to reduce maternal mortality rates. However, underutilization of PNC in Indonesia still remains high, and limited studies have shown the regional disparities of PNC in Indonesia. Methods: This study aims to explore the gaps between regions in PNC service for mothers who have had live births during the last five years in Indonesia. This study was a secondary data analysis study using the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. A total of 13,901 mothers aged 15-49 years having had live births within five years were included. Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression were performed to determine regional disparities in PNC. Results: Results indicated that the prevalence of PNC service utilization among mothers aged 15-49 years was 70.94%. However, regional gaps in the utilization of PNC service were indicated. Mothers in the Middle of Indonesia have used PNC services 2.54 times compared to mothers in the East of Indonesia (OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.77-3.65, p<0.001). Apart from the region, other variables have a positive relationship with PNC service, including wealth quintile, accessibility health facilities, age of children, childbirth order, mother's education, maternal occupation, husband's age, and husband's education. Conclusion: Structured policies are needed to reduce gaps in areas with low service utilization. Developing innovative strategies to address PNC inequality in maternal services to improve maternal health is expected.
Delivering Behaviour Change Interventions: Development of a Mode of Delivery Ontology
Authors: Marques Marta M. , Carey Rachel N. , Norris Emma , Evans Fiona , Finnerty Ailbhe N. , Hastings Janna , Jenkins Ella , Johnston Marie , West Robert , Michie Susan 
Published: February 2021

Background: Investigating and improving the effects of behaviour change interventions requires detailed and consistent specification of all aspects of interventions. An important feature of interventions is the way in which these are delivered, i.e. their mode of delivery. This paper describes an ontology for specifying the mode of delivery of interventions, which forms part of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology, currently being developed in the Wellcome Trust funded Human Behaviour-Change Project. Methods: The Mode of Delivery Ontology was developed in an iterative process of annotating behaviour change interventions evaluation reports, and consulting with expert stakeholders. It consisted of seven steps: 1) annotation of 110 intervention reports to develop a preliminary classification of modes of delivery; 2) open review from international experts (n=25); 3) second round of annotations with 55 reports to test inter-rater reliability and identify limitations; 4) second round of expert review feedback (n=16); 5) final round of testing of the refined ontology by two annotators familiar and two annotators unfamiliar with the ontology; 6) specification of ontological relationships between entities; and 7) transformation into a machine-readable format using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and publishing online. Results: The resulting ontology is a four-level hierarchical structure comprising 65 unique modes of delivery, organised by 15 upper-level classes: Informational, Environmental change, Somatic, Somatic alteration, Individual-based/ Pair-based /Group-based, Uni-directional/Interactional, Synchronous/ Asynchronous, Push/ Pull, Gamification, Arts feature. Relationships between entities consist of is_a. Inter-rater reliability of the Mode of Delivery Ontology for annotating intervention evaluation reports was a=0.80 (very good) for those familiar with the ontology and a= 0.58 (acceptable) for those unfamiliar with it. Conclusion: The ontology can be used for both annotating and writing behaviour change intervention evaluation reports in a consistent and coherent manner, thereby improving evidence comparison, synthesis, replication, and implementation of effective interventions.
Pharmaceutical industry, academia and people with experience of mental illness as partners in research: a need for ethical guidance
Authors: Lignou Sapfo , Singh Ilina 
Published: February 2021

Background: Several social and policy developments have led to research partnerships in mental health research, which depart from traditional research models. One form of such partnerships is among Research institutions, Industry (pharmaceutical and biotech) and People with lived experience of mental illness (RIPs) in the NIHR services. There are several benefits but also challenges in such partnerships. An ethics-based approach to anticipating and addressing such problems is lacking. Given the expansion of RIPs in treatment development for mental health illness, guidance to support ethical and effective collaborations in NIHR-funded mental health research is essential. Methods: To develop a moral framework for evaluating the ethics of RIPs, we systematically searched PubMed for peer-reviewed literature discussing good practices in research partnerships. Searches were also conducted in websites of known organizations supporting patient engagement with industry in mental health research and in the references of short-listed articles. Following application of exclusion criteria, remaining articles were critically examined and summarised to synthesise principles for ethical RIPs and inform clear guidance and practices. Results: Critical analysis and synthesis of the short-listed articles highlighted the need for two sets of principles to guide ethical RIPs: principles for (a) RIPs as a trustworthy enterprise and (b) fair RIPs. We discuss the application of these principles in problem-solving strategies that can support best practice in establishing fair and effective research partnerships among research institutions, industry and people with lived experience of mental illness in the NIHR services. Conclusions: Ethical guidance is needed to prevent and address challenges in RIPs and to promote the scientific and social benefits of these new research partnership models in mental health research in the NIHR services. We show how the proposed moral framework can guide research partners in designing, sustaining and assessing ethical and effective mental health research collaborations.
Experiences of lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic: descriptive findings from a survey of families in the Born in Bradford study
Authors: Dickerson Josie , Kelly Brian , Lockyer Bridget , Bridges Sally , Cartwright Christopher , Willan Kathryn , Shire Katy , Crossley Kirsty , Bryant Maria , Sheldon Trevor A. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Wright John , McEachan Rosemary R C , Pickett Kate E. ,   on behalf of the Bradford Institute for Health Research Covid-19 Scientific Advisory Group
Published: February 2021

Background: Lockdown measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 virus have increased health inequalities, with families from deprived and ethnically diverse backgrounds most likely to be adversely affected. This paper describes the experiences of families living in the multi-ethnic and deprived city of Bradford, England.Methods: A wave of survey data collection using a combination of email, text and phone with postal follow-up during the first Covid-19 UK lockdown (10th April to 30thJune 2020) with parents participating in two longitudinal studies. Cross tabulations explored variation by ethnicity and financial insecurity. Text from open questions was analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Of 7,652 families invited, 2,144 (28%) participated. The results presented are based on the 2,043 (95%) mothers’ responses: 957 (47%) of whom were of Pakistani heritage, 715 (35%) White British and 356 (18%) other ethnicity 971 (46%) lived in the most deprived decile of material deprivation in England. and 738 (37%) were financially insecure.Many families lived in poor quality (N=574, 28%), overcrowded (N=364, 19%) housing. Food (N=396, 20%), employment (N=728, 37%) and housing (N=204, 10%) insecurities were common, particularly in those who were furloughed, self-employed not working or unemployed. Clinically important depression and anxiety were reported by 372 (19%) and 318 (16%) mothers. Ethnic minority and financially insecure families had a worse experience during the lockdown across all domains, with the exception of mental health which appeared worse in White British mothers. Open text responses corroborated these findings and highlighted high levels of anxiety and fear about Covid-19.Conclusions: There is a need for policy makers and commissioners to better support vulnerable families during and after the pandemic. Future work will use longitudinal data from before the pandemic, and from future surveys during the pandemic, to describe trajectories and the long-term consequences of the pandemic on vulnerable populations.
Content-Based Model of Web Search Behavior: An Application to TV Show Search
Authors: Liu Jia , Toubia Olivier , Hill Shawndra 
Published: February 2021

We develop a flexible content-based search model that links the content preferences of search engine users to query search volume and click-through rates, while allowing content preferences to vary systematically based on the context of a search. Content preferences are defined over latent topics that describe the content of search queries and search result descriptions. Compared with existing applications of topic modeling in marketing and recommendation systems, our proposed approach can simultaneously capture multiple types of information and investigate multiple aspects of behavioral dynamics in a single framework that enables interpretable results for business decision making. To facilitate efficient and scalable inference, we develop a full Bayesian variational inference algorithm. We evaluate our modeling framework using real-world search data for TV shows from the Bing search engine. We illustrate how our model can quantify the content preferences associated with each query and how these preferences vary systematically based on whether the query is observed before, during, or after a TV show is aired. We also show that our model can help the search engine improve its ranking of search results as well as address the cold-start problem for new page links. This paper was accepted by Hamid Nazerzadeh, big data analytics.
Manipulating multipole resonances in spoof localized surface plasmons for wideband filtering
Authors: Shen Yizhu , Chen Na , Dong Guoqing , Hu Sanming 
Published: February 2021

The spoof localized surface plasmon (LSP) has been widely investigated but mostly with fixed multipole resonances. This Letter proposes a method to generate multipole resonances by adding a slit on the metallic ring of a complementary LSP. This slit theoretically introduces two new boundary conditions and new modes. To validate this approach, complementary LSPs with and without slits at three different angular positions are theoretically analyzed and numerically simulated. To validate and demonstrate the potential application of the proposed LSP structure, a bandpass filter (BPF) in a single-layer substrate is designed and measured by exciting the LSP with a slit on the metallic ring. The measured results show that by simply adding a slit, the BPF achieves a fractional bandwidth of 42.7% (2.5 GHz), for both

|

S

11

|

<
−

10

d
B

and

|

S

21

|

within 1 dB variation. In the passband, a flat group delay between 0.57 ns and 0.75 ns is obtained. Moreover, the proposed structure features a low profile and a compact radius of 0.136 wavelength. By dynamically controlling slit/slits with varactors or diodes, the proposed structure is theoretically promising to be reconfigurable at microwave and even terahertz frequencies.
Exploring determinants of hydrocele surgery coverage related to Lymphatic Filariasis in Nepal: An implementation research study
Authors: Lama Yonzon Choden , Padmawati Retna Siwi , Subedi Raj Kumar , Paudel Sagun , Ghimire Ashmita , Murhandarwati Elsa Herdiana 
Published: February 2021

Background
Hydrocele is a chronic condition in males in which there is an excessive collection of straw-colored fluid, which leads to enlargement of the scrotum. It is a common manifestation of lymphatic filariasis (LF) affecting nearly 25 million men worldwide. Surgery is the recommended treatment for hydrocele and is available free of cost in all government hospitals in Nepal. This research explored patient, provider, and community factors related to accessing hydrocele surgery services by the patients.

Methods
This study employed a qualitative method. The research was conducted in two LF endemic districts, namely Kanchanpur and Dhading, which are reported to have the highest number of hydrocele cases during morbidity mapping conducted in 2016. In addition to five key informant interviews with the LF focal persons (one national and 4 district-level), nine in-depth interviews were conducted with hydrocele patients (5 of whom had undergone surgery and 4 who had not undergone surgery) and with 3 family members, and two focus group discussions with the female community health volunteers.

Results
Most of the respondents did not have knowledge of hydrocele as one of the clinical manifestations of LF nor that it is transmitted through a mosquito bite. Although perceived as treatable with surgery, most of the patients interviewed believed in as well as practiced home remedies. Meanwhile, fear of surgery, embarrassment, lack of money, along with no knowledge of the free hydrocele surgery acted as barriers for accessing the surgery. On the other hand, financial support, flexible guidelines enabling the hospital to conduct surgery, decentralization and scaling up of morbidity mapping along with free hydrocele surgery camps in any remaining endemic districts were identified as enablers for accessing surgery.

Conclusion
Hydrocele surgery coverage could be improved if the program further addresses community awareness. There is a need for more focus on information dissemination about hydrocele and hydrocele surgery.
Impella use in real-world cardiogenic shock patients: Sobering outcomes
Authors: Abdullah Khaled Q. A. , Roedler Jana V. , vom Dahl Juergen , Szendey Istvan , Haake Hendrik , Eckardt Lars , Topf Albert , Ohnewein Bernhard , Jirak Peter , Motloch Lukas J. , Wernly Bernhard , Larbig Robert 
Published: February 2021

Background
Critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock could benefit from ventricular assist device support using the Impella microaxial blood pump. However, recent studies suggested Impella not to improve outcomes. We, therefore, evaluated outcomes and predictors in a real-world scenario.

Methods
In this retrospective single-center trial, 125 patients suffering from cardiac arrest/cardiogenic shock between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed. 93 Patients had a prior successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The primary endpoint was hospital mortality. Associations of covariates with the primary endpoint were assessed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and optimal cut-offs (using Youden index) were obtained.

Results
Hospital mortality was high (81%). Baseline lactate was 4.7mmol/L [IQR = 7.1mmol/L]. In multivariable logistic regression, only age (aOR 1.13 95%CI 1.06–1.20; p<0.001) and lactate (aOR 1.23 95%CI 1.004–1.516; p = 0.046) were associated with hospital mortality, and the respective optimal cut-offs were >3.3mmol/L and age >66 years.
Patients were retrospectively stratified into three risk groups: Patients aged ≤66 years and lactate ≤3.3mmol (low-risk; n = 22); patients aged >66 years or lactate >3.3mmol/L (medium-risk; n = 52); and patients both aged >66 years and lactate >3.3mmol/L (high-risk, n = 51). Risk of death increased from 41% in the low-risk group, to 79% in the medium risk group and 100% in the high-risk group. The predictive abilities of this model were high (AUC 0.84; 95% 0.77–0.92).

Conclusion
Mortality was high in this real-world collective of severely ill cardiogenic shock patients. Better patient selection is warranted to avoid unethical use of Impella. Age and lactate might help to improve patient selection.
Fluoride release from two types of fluoride-containing orthodontic adhesives: Conventional versus resin-modified glass ionomer cements—An in vitro study
Authors: Dziuk Yasemin , Chhatwani Sachin , Möhlhenrich Stephan C. , Tulka Sabrina , Naumova Ella A. , Danesh Gholamreza 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Development of white spot lesions (WSLs) during orthodontic treatment is a common risk factor. Fixation of the orthodontic appliances with glass ionomer cements could reduce the prevalence of WSL’s due to their fluoride release capacities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences of fluoride release properties from resin-modified and conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs).

Methods
The resin-modified GICs Fuji ORTHO LC (GC Orthodontics), Meron Plus QM (VOCO), as well as the conventional GICs Fuji ORTHO (GC Orthodontics), Meron (VOCO) and Ketac Cem Easymix (3M ESPE) were tested in this study. The different types of GICs were applied to hydroxyapatite discs according to the manufacturer’s instructions and stored in a solution of TISAB III (Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer III) and fluoride-free water at 37°C. Fluoride measurements were made after 5 minutes, 2 hours, 24 hours, 14 days, 28 days, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months. One factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the overall comparison of the cumulative fluoride release (from measurement times of 5 minutes to 6 months) between the different materials with the overall level of significance set to 0.05. Tukey’s post hoc test was used for post hoc pairwise comparisons in the cumulative fluoride release between the different materials.

Results
The cumulative fluoride release (mean ± sd) in descending order was: Fuji ORTHO LC (221.7 ± 10.29 ppm), Fuji ORTHO (191.5 ± 15.03 ppm), Meron Plus QM (173.0 ± 5.89 ppm), Meron (161.3 ± 7.84 ppm) and Ketac Cem Easymix (154.6 ± 6.09 ppm) within 6 months. Analysis of variance detected a significant difference in the cumulative fluoride release between at least two of the materials (rounded p-value < 0.001). Pairwise analysis with Tukey’s post hoc test showed a significant difference in the cumulative fluoride release for all the comparisons except M and MPQM (p = 0.061) and KCE and M (p = 0.517).

Conclusion
Fluoride ions were released cumulatively over the entire test period for all products. When comparing the two products from the same company (Fuji ORTHO LC vs. Fuji ORTHO from GC Orthodontics Europe GmbH and Meron Plus QM vs. Meron from VOCO GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), it can be said that the resin-modified GICs have a higher release than conventional GICs. The highest individual fluoride release of all GICs was at 24 hours. A general statement, whether resin-modified or conventional GICs have a higher release of fluoride cannot be made.