bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics in endometriosis: challenges and perspectives for future studies
Authors: Ortiz Camila N , Torres-Reverón Annelyn , Appleyard Caroline B 
Published: April 2021

Endometriosis is a complex disease characterized by inflammation and the growth of endometrial- like glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. The pathophysiology of endometriosis is not entirely understood, however, with a prevalence of ~10% of women in their reproductive years, the disease symptoms significantly affect the quality of life of millions of women globally. Metabolomic studies have previously identified specific metabolites that could be a signature of endometriosis. This approach could potentially be used as a non-invasive tool for early diagnosis and provide a better understanding of endometriosis pathophysiology. This review aims to provide insight as to how endometriosis affects the metabolome by reviewing different studies that have used this approach to design follow-up studies. The search query included the term 'endometriosis' in combination with 'metabolomics', 'lipidomics', or 'sphingolipidomics' published between 2012 and 2020. We included studies in humans and animal models. Most studies reported differences in the metabolome of subjects with endometriosis in comparison to healthy controls and used samples taken from serum, endometrial tissue, follicular fluid, urine, peritoneal fluid, or endometrial fluid. Statistically significant metabolites contributed to group separation between patients and healthy controls. Reported metabolites included amino acids, lipids, organic acids, and other organic compounds. Differences in methods, analytical techniques, and the presence of confounding factors can interfere with results and interpretation of data. Metabolomics seems to be a promising tool for identifying significant metabolites in patients with endometriosis. Nonetheless, more investigation is needed in order to understand the significance of the study results.

Lay summary
Endometriosis is a chronic disease affecting the quality of life in one out of every ten women during their reproductive years, causing pain and infertility. It is characterized by inflammation and growth of tissue like the endometrium (uterus lining) outside the uterine cavity. Studies have searched for a predictor of endometriosis-associated changes by observing small molecules necessary for metabolism on a large scale (metabolomics). Metabolomics could serve to resolve one of the biggest challenges that patients with endometriosis face: a delay in diagnosis. In this review, the authors summarize identified potential biomarkers from various bodily fluids and tissues that are characteristic of metabolic processes observed in endometriosis. Biomarkers include cell growth, cell survival, high energy demand, oxidative stress, and fatty acid levels. A metabolomics approach offers promise as a non-invasive tool to identify significant metabolite changes in patients with endometriosis, potentially leading to earlier diagnoses and new opportunities for back-translational strategies.
ФОРМУВАННЯ КУЛЬТУРИ МОВЛЕННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ
Authors: Blahun Nataliia , Hotsuliak Kateryna 
Published: April 2021

Стаття присвячена проблемі формування культури мовлення майбутніх вчителів початкових класів як складової професіограми педагогічної майстерності. У статті обгрунтовано теоретико-методологічні основи формування культури мовлення студентів педагогічних закладів вищої освіти. Охарактеризовано основні підходи формування культури мовлення майбутніх вчителів: компетентнісний, суб’єктно-діяльнісний, інтегративний,культурологічний. Доведено, що професійна підготовка студентів – це цілісний системний інтерактивний процес, який визначає особистісний ріст майбутнього педагога, забезпечує професійну адаптацію й сприяє успішній реалізації соціально-педагогічної діяльності. Для визначення змісту культури мовлення вчителя був проаналізований освітній стандарт, в процесі якого розкрито вимоги до результатів освоєння основних освітніх програм бакалаврату, серед яких: загальнокультурні й професійні компетентності, якими повинен володіти випускник. Відомо, що студентприходить в університет із певною культурою мовлення. Вона може бути достатня або недостатня, багата або бідна, деформована або низька, тощо. Завдання педагога полягає в тому, щоб довести мовлення студента до рівня необхідного вчителеві, тому що мовлення педагога виступає засобом навчання й виховання, воно відрізняється своїм призначенням, місцем і роллю в розв'язку педагогічних завдань. Зроблено висновок, що культура мовлення бакалавра закладена в майбутній професійній діяльності. Аналіз дозволив дійти висновку, що до культури мовлення випускника педагогічних спеціальностей висуваються підвищені вимоги. Ці вимоги знаходять своє відображення при формуванні таких компетентностей, як: здатність логічно та вірно будувати усне й писемне мовлення, здатність використовувати навички публічного мовлення, ведення дискусії й полеміки, володіння основами мовної професійної культури. Результат підготовки вчителів початкових класів передбачає їх готовність до володіння мистецтвом слова, а саме: його багатством, голосовими характеристиками, зовнішнім проявом сутності мовлення (міміки, пантоміміки, позиції,дистанції). Реалізація рівня володіння культурою мовлення вимагає особливої підготовки з боку вчителя початкових класів, сформованості у них мовної компетентності, основ, які закладаються в процесі їх професійної підготовки.
Medicaid Expansion and Incidence of Kidney Failure among Nonelderly Adults
Authors: Thorsness Rebecca , Swaminathan Shailender , Lee Yoojin , Sommers Benjamin D. , Mehrotra Rajnish , Nguyen Kevin H. , Kim Daeho , Rivera-Hernandez Maricruz , Trivedi Amal N. 
Published: April 2021

Significance Statement
Prior work suggests that uniform access to health insurance coverage and health care services reduces disparities in treatment and outcomes of patients with CKD. This study assessed whether expansions of Medicaid coverage to low-income adults in the United States under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) were associated with changes in the incidence rate of kidney failure. The authors found that, in the entire adult population aged 19–64 years, the ACA’s Medicaid expansions were associated with a statistically significant 3% relative reduction in kidney failure incidence in the early period (years 2 and 3) after expansion. However, this decline was not sustained in the later period (years 4 and 5) after expansion. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between expanding health insurance coverage and the incidence of kidney failure.

Background
Low-income individuals without health insurance have limited access to health care. Medicaid expansions may reduce kidney failure incidence by improving access to chronic disease care.

Methods
Using a difference-in-differences analysis, we examined the association between Medicaid expansion status under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the kidney failure incidence rate among all nonelderly adults, aged 19–64 years, in the United States, from 2012 through 2018. We compared changes in kidney failure incidence in states that implemented Medicaid expansions with concurrent changes in nonexpansion states during pre-expansion, early postexpansion (years 2 and 3 postexpansion), and later postexpansion (years 4 and 5 postexpansion).

Results
The unadjusted kidney failure incidence rate increased in the early years of the study period in both expansion and nonexpansion states before stabilizing. After adjustment for population sociodemographic characteristics, Medicaid expansion status was associated with 2.20 fewer incident cases of kidney failure per million adults per quarter in the early postexpansion period (95% CI, −3.89 to −0.51) compared with nonexpansion status, a 3.07% relative reduction (95% CI, −5.43% to −0.72%). In the later postexpansion period, Medicaid expansion status was not associated with a statistically significant change in kidney failure incidence (−0.56 cases per million per quarter; 95% CI, −2.71 to 1.58) compared with nonexpansion status and the pre-expansion time period.

Conclusions
The ACA Medicaid expansion was associated with an initial reduction in kidney failure incidence among the entire, nonelderly, adult population in the United States; but the changes did not persist in the later postexpansion period. Further study is needed to determine the long-term association between Medicaid expansion and changes in kidney failure incidence.
Tamoksifen Kullanan Hastaların Jinekolojik Yönden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KÜÇÜKGÖZ GÜLEÇ Ümran , PAYDAŞ Semra , GÜZEL Ahmet Barış 
Published: April 2021

Meme kanseri dünyada ve ülkemizde kadınlarda en sık görülen kanserdir. Diğer malign tümörlerde olduğu gibi meme kanserli kadınların takibi de multidisipliner yaklaşım gerektirir. Meme kanserlerinin %70 kadarı hormon duyarlıdır. Tamoksifen hormon reseptörü pozitif meme kanserli olguların hem adjuvan amaçlı hem de metastatik dönemde endokrin tedavilerinde hem pre-menopozal hem de post-menopozal dönemde etkili non-steroid selektif östrojen reseptör modülatörüdür (SERM). Dünyada en fazla kullanılan anti-kanser ilaç olan tamoksifenin diğer yan etkilerinin yanısıra önemli jinekolojik yan etkilere yol açabilir. Tamoksifen bazı benign jinekolojik patolojileri artırmakla kalmaz endometrial karsinom başta olmak üzere sarkom, karsinosarkom gibi bi-fazik malignansilerin de görülme sıklığını artırır.
Tamoksifen kullanan veya kullanmış bir kadının jinekolojik açıdan takibindeki önemli noktalar bu derlemenin amacıdır.
Metode Pembelajaran Kosakata bagi Pembelajar Bahasa Jepang: Dari Grammar-Translation ke Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Kharismawati Mery , Yogyanti Devita Widyaningtyas , Hasanah Ummul 
Published: April 2021

Penguasaan kosa kata merupakan hal yang penting dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Berdasarkan observasi dan wawancara, metode pembelajaran kosakata siswa angkatan 2018 di program studi D3 Bahasa Jepang, Sekolah Vokasi, Unversitas Gadjah Mada, menggunakan metode grammar-translation. Siswa juga diperkenalkan pada pemerolehan kosa kata dalam konteks (Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition/CVA). Untuk membandingkan efektivitas metode-metode tersebut, dilakukan eksperimen yang melibatkan 18 siswa. Siswa dibagi dalam 2 kelompok. Kelompok 1 menggunakan metode grammar-translation konvensional, dan kelompok 2 menggunakan metode yang sama, namun diberi intervensi berupa pembelajaran kosa kata visual menggunakan aplikasi Kahoot!. Siswa diminta menebak kosa kata target dalam bentuk soal kata-per kata di tahap 1, dan menerjemahkan kalimat yang mengandung kosa kata target. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kelompok pengguna Kahoot! menunjukkan hasil lebih baik. Uniknya, pada kedua kelompok, terdapat siswa yang menunjukkan penerapan CVA. Siswa berhasil menebak kosa kata target dalam tes tahap 2, setelah memahami hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan kosa kata tersebut berdasarkan prior knowledge mereka. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pembelajaran kosa-kata sebaiknya mengkombinasikan metode-metode yang sudah ada, agar siswa mendapat petunjuk lengkap mulai dari tataran morfologis hingga visual sehingga mereka dapat menginternalisasi suatu kosa kata dengan sempurna.
МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ НЕКЛАССИЧЕСКИХ И ПОСТНЕКЛАССИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА
Authors: Демидова Марина Владимировна 
Published: April 2021

Актуальность. Разночтения в неклассических и постнеклассических трактовках социального пространства, представляющего собой теоретико-методологический конструкт, затрудняют изучение процессов структурирования и функционирования современного общества. Цель: определить значимость методологии, применяемой в неклассических и постнеклассических исследованиях социального пространства. Объектом является социальное пространство, предметом – методология исследований социального пространства. Методологическую базу данной работы составили: периодизация этапов развития науки по В.С. Стёпину, характеристика периодов развития науки по С.А. Лебедеву, социосинергетический и компаративный подходы, философия трансдисциплинарности. Впервые с методологических позиций проанализированы идеи о социальном пространстве, принадлежащие зарубежным и отечественным исследователям (П. Бурдье, Г. Зиммелю, Э. Дюркгейму, П. Сорокину, Э. Гидденсу, Л.А. Беляевой и др.). Выявлено преобладание классической методологии в работах Э. Дюркгейма, неклассической – Э. Гидденса, Г. Зиммеля, постнеклассической – П. Бурдье и Л.А. Беляевой. Основные идеи исследователей раскрываются с помощью таких понятий, как территория, структура социального пространства, социальные взаимодействия, дистанции, дифференциация, мобильность, иерархия, стратификация, динамика, круги (поля), подпространства, практики, капиталы, статус. Сделаны выводы об обусловленности дисциплинарных трактовок используемой авторами научной методологией; о проведении современных исследований социального пространства на основе дисциплинарных и междисциплинарных подходов, что затрудняет его познание. Результаты: в качестве перспективы впервые предложена идея применения альтернативной (трансдисциплинарной) методологии изучения социального пространства, развиваемой на основе системы координат Р. Декарта. Применение данной методологии позволяет проводить исследования по параметрам (статическим и динамическим), присущим всем системам. В то же время её преимущество состоит в возможности объединять разрозненные знания в единую концептуальную систему.
Clinical trials in complementary and alternative medicine – the myth of limitations
Authors: Rzepiński Tomasz , Tabaczewski Piotr 
Published: April 2021

The paper aims to dispute common arguments put forward by practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in discussions against conducting clinical trials in CAM treatment protocols. It is argued that CAM therapies cannot be evaluated by the same criteria as those applied in conventional medicine due to specificity of CAM. This paper suggests that this line of thought undermines not only the validity of CAM therapies, but, importantly, is delaying understanding their therapeutical value. We also argue that despite apparent differences in approach both conventional medicine and CAM aim to improve human well being therefore CAM should be validated with well established and widely accepted process of balancing of risks and benefits of individual therapies as in conventional medicine clinical trials.
Influence of ghrelin on rat pituitary GH3 cell line proliferation
Authors: Chmielewska Małgorzata , Andrusiewicz Mirosław , Żbikowska Aleksandra , Kątniak Katarzyna , Sadowska Agnieszka , Arasimowicz-Banaszak Grażyna , Graczyk Sławomir , Waśko Ryszard , Kotwicka Malgorzata 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Human ghrelin is the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHSR1a). It is suggested that ghrelin is involved in pituitary adenomas pathogenesis. There are inconsistent data regarding the effect of ghrelin on cell proliferation. In this study the outcome of ghrelin in the rat pituitary adenoma GH3 cell line on morphology and proliferation ratio was evaluated. The ghrelin receptor (Ghsr) mRNA expression in GH3 cell line was established as well, because it was found that heterogeneous expression pattern characterized physiological and pathological conditions of tissues of different origin.Material and Methods. Suitable experimental model pituitary tumor (rat GH3 cell line) was stimulated with ghrelin in the final concentrations 10–12 M, 10–9 M and 10–6 M. Reverse transcription followed by real time polymerase chain reaction was used for ghrelin receptor gene transcript detection. The morphology as well as cell cycle of those cells were analyzed using Axio Vert.A1 Microscope (Zeiss) and BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer (Beckton Dickinson), respectively. The percentages of cells in the G0/G1, S, G2/M cycle phases were evaluated using the ModFit™ software (Verity Software, Inc., USA). Results. Ghsr mRNA presence was confirmed in GH3 cells. Ghrelin did not affect conspicuously GH3 cells morphology, however the ghrelin-induced proliferation index increase was caused by both decline of G0/G1 phases cells count and increase those being in S+G2/M (p < 0.05). Conclusions. In conclusion, this study indicates that ghrelin stimulates GH3 cells proliferation and may play role in pituitary tumorigenesis via an autocrine/paracrine pathway.
Evaluation of oral hygiene in school children from the eastern region of Wielkopolska
Authors: Matthews-Brzozowska Teresa , Sikorska Agnieszka , Cieślik Kornela , Głowacka Arleta , Matthews-Kozanecka Maja 
Published: April 2021

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess oral health in school-age children on the basis of subjective and objective judgement, based on selected indicators.Material and Methods. The study included students aged 10–13 years of primary and junior-high schools in the Mid Eastern region of Wielkopolska. Oral hygiene assessment was based on a prepared subjective questionnaireas well as on the basis of indicators: API P1.I, GI, including the sex of children.Results. Of the 161 children of school age, most of them, as many as 145 showed attention to oral health, brushing teeth twice a day; some of them apply additional measures for oral hygiene – 39 children. In both sexes there were no deviations indicators examined. Between gender showed no difference, as confirmed statistically.Conclusions. Oral hygiene in children with high health awareness rated positively, it should be emphasized that despite noninvasiveness the research group of respondents accounted for a small percentage of the children invited to the study, which points the need to undertake educational activities on a larger scale.
Assessment of effectiveness of complex treatment of apical and marginal periodontitis with thiotriazoline and chloramphenicol ointment
Authors: Holeyko Marta , Zubachyk Volodymyr 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Chronic combined periodontal and periapical lesions have a negative impact on the human organism, since they are a source of intoxication and sensitization causing progression of infection, development of focal sequelae and secondary immunodeficiency. Problem of successful treatment of apical and marginal periodontitis is associated with a significant prevalence of these diseases, a complexity of medical procedures, a substantial proportion of failures and complications, and with a lack of long-term stability of gained results.Aim. The aim of this work was to investigate clinical effectiveness of drug formulation with thiotriazoline and chloramphenicol in the integrated treatment of combined apical and marginal periodontitis.Meterial and methods. The condition of oral cavity of the 65 patients with combined lesions of periodontal and endodontic tissues before and after treatment was studied. Outcomes measured were X-ray examination, probing depth, OHI-S, PMA, PI, SBI indices. The complex treatment has been worked out in the patients of main group and the ointment with thiotriazoline and chloramphenicol was introduced in the scheme of periodontal treatment Results and conclusions. Results of applied treatment indicated to the acceleration of healing process, reduction of exudation period and decrease of exacerbations frequency in the patients of main group. Clinical experience also demonstrated positive dynamic in changes of periodontal indices after the conducted treatment.
An introduction to genetic and epigenetic changes in prostate gland – implications in efficacy of phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer
Authors: Bartkowiak-Wieczorek Joanna , Kujawski Radosław , Bogacz Anna , Ożarowski Marcin 
Published: April 2021

The usage of classical pharmacological treatment of prostate diseases causes the risk of a number of side effects therefore the researchers are looking for new pharmacologically active molecules, including those contained in the plant extracts. The most widely studied is the lipido-sterolic extract from Serenoa repens (saw palmetto), water extract from Camellia sinensis (green tea) and several cruciferous vegetables. The molecular mechanisms underlying of the development and the progression of prostate disorders, especially benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC), remain still poorly understood. The development of pathologically changed prostate cells proliferation involves many factors, including genetic alterations, such as mutations, and epigenetic changes, appear to contribute to the transformation and progression of prostate cancer. In this paper we suggest that the knowledge of epigenetic modifications presented in this paper introduces the new point of view concerning the possibility of action of plant substances used in prevention and symptomatic treatment of BPH and prostate cancer. Thus, identification of the epigenetic modifications involved on the one hand in the development and progression of BPH / PC, on the other influencing the efficacy and safety of potential phytotherapeutics will be helpful in identifying its novel therapeutic strategy.
Clinical trials in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a new proposal for dealing with basic problems and restrictions)
Authors: Wender Mieczyslaw , Michalowska-Wender Grazyna 
Published: April 2021

The natural course of multiple sclerosis is characterized by a high variability of pattern, relapse rate and different progression indices. They also present a dramatic impact on the interpretation of treatment trials. Older reports, based on uncontrolled observations are therefore of little value. Currently it is generally accepted that a proper treatment trial should be double blinded and, although probably controversial, that it should be compared with a group of MS patients treated with placebo. Such an approach would be easily acceptable to prove the effectiveness of recently discovered disease modifying drugs. We know that current standard methods of therapy with interferon beta or glatiramer acetate are able to decrease the relapse rate at least by one third, to elongate the intervals between the relapses and to decrease the progression indices. Currently MS is considered a generalized degenerative disease. The lesions are persistent, therefore immunomodulatory treatment has to be started as early as possible. An alternative approach, somewhat suggestive for the use of placebo trials, seems to be a comparison of proposed new drug therapy group with a group of patients treated with a generally accepted reference drug, such as interferon beta or glatiramer acetate, including all clinical and MRI measures.