bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wastewater Disposal Has Not Significantly Altered the Regional Stress State in Southern Kansas
Authors: Skoumal Robert J. , Cochran Elizabeth S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWastewater disposal is primarily responsible for the increased seismicity rate since ∼2013 in southern Kansas. Previous work that used shear-wave splitting (SWS) in southern Kansas interpreted an ∼90° temporal rotation in the fast polarization direction and attributed it to increased pore pressures resulting from fluid injection. However, this interpreted rotation coincided with a change in the stations used to make the SWS measurements. We investigate the temporal variability of fast azimuths in southern Kansas by making SWS measurements on earthquake families with similar source–receiver paths recorded on a stable local seismic network. We select high-quality SWS measurements by investigating the stability of results across 65 different frequency bands between 0.5 and 15 Hz. We find that the fast polarization direction in southern Kansas is relatively constant with an average east-northeast (∼N79°E) orientation between 2014 and 2017. Our fast polarization measurements are primarily a reflection of the maximum principal horizontal stress direction (SHmax). We observe a slight spatial change in SHmax to the northeast (∼N55°E) near the Nemaha ridge in Oklahoma. However, we do not observe any significant temporal rotation of SHmax or variation in delay time (i.e., crack density) in southern Kansas, contrary to the earlier study. The previously interpreted ∼90° rotation may either be a reflection of a very local stress change or a misinterpretation of SWS results potentially due to the use of inconsistent source–receiver paths. Our SWS measurements cover the period of peak wastewater disposal and seismicity rates and suggest an absence of significant temporal rotations in the local anisotropy and stress orientations associated with wastewater disposal.
Análisis desde la perspectiva de género del engagement de los principales youtubers de divulgación científica=Analysis of the engagement of the main popular science youtubers from a gender perspective
Authors: Cambronero-Saiz Belén , Segarra-Saavedra Jesús , Cristófol-Rodríguez Carmen 
Published: July 2021

ResumenLa participación de las mujeres en YouTube es menor que la de los hombres, tanto en forma de audiencia como produciendo y divulgando contenidos. A través del análisis de los principales youtubers científicos españoles diferenciados por género, esta investigación calcula sus tasas de engagement (likes, dislikes y comentarios) y su alcance en términos de visualizaciones, así como el tipo de materia abordada en cada caso. Se evidencia que los hombres copan los canales científicos en YouTube, que mayoritariamente proceden de disciplinas STEM, siendo más productivos y obteniendo mayor alcance, seguimiento e impacto. Sin embargo, a pesar de que los videos conducidos por mujeres tienen menos suscriptores y visualizaciones, todos ellos tienen un mayor número de interacciones y mayor engagement comportamental. AbstractThe participation of women on YouTube is lower than men, both in terms of audience and in terms of producing and disseminating content. Through the analysis of the main Spanish scientific youtubers differentiated by gender, this research calculates their engagement rates (likes, dislikes and comments) and their reach in terms of views, as well as the type of subject matter addressed in each case. It shows that men dominate science channels on YouTube, which are mostly from STEM disciplines, being more productive and obtaining greater reach, follow-up and impact. However, despite the fact that the videos led by women have fewer subscribers and views, they all have a higher number of interactions and greater behavioral engagement.
First Clinical Results of Modular Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Batkov E. N. , Artemyeva T. F. , Pashtayev N. P. , Pozdeyeva N. A. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Recent population studies reveal steady growth in intraocular lens (IOL) exchanges including those for refractive and other optical reasons. To lower complication risks related to IOL exchange, we introduced a modular IOL model with replaceable optical part.Purpose: preliminary analysis of modular IOL implantation clinical results.Patients and methods. From August 2018 to February 2020, five patients as part of their surgical treatment for various forms of cataract received newly designed modular IOLs. The modular IOL is composed of two separate parts — haptic and optic, manufactured from the same elastic acrylic material with hydrophobic properties. The haptic includes a closed ring and a pair of open equally distant loops in a unified design. The haptic ring with projections serves as a base for optical disk. The current study evaluated characteristics of the IOL implantation and assembly process, as well as possible development of intra- and early postoperative complications.Results. First implantations of the modular IOL accomplished using standard surgical instrumentation and disposables passed without complications. We did not observe scratches, breaks or any other mechanical damage to neither haptic, nor optical parts. During simultaneous implantation, optical disks fixated in haptic rings preserved their due positioning after transiting through slender injector channel. There were no specific, modular-IOL related complications in the early postoperative period. The optical disk maintained correct location, delimited by fixation leaflets of the haptic ring.Conclusion. Early results for clinical application of the novel modular IOL demonstrated feasibility of its safe implantation in disassembled and preassembled modes.
Results of Using Different Modes of Presentation of Stereostimuli in the Study of Stereo Vision in Normal Children and in Children with Non-Paralytic Strabismus without Functional Scotoma
Authors: Rychkova S. I. , Likhvantseva V. G. 
Published: July 2021

The work is devoted to one of the actual problems of current ophthalmology — creating effective methods of studying stereovision.The purpose — comparative analysis of the capability of stereoperception under conditions of using different regimes of alternating presentation of stereo stimuli with different characteristics in children with strabismus and in children without ophthalmopathology.Patients and methods. 294 school children — 167 children of the control group (without ophthalmopathology) and 127 children with non-paralytic strabismus without functional scotoma (FSS) were observed. We used stereostimuli with different characteristics in the following regimes of presentation: 1) the regime of simple monocular alternating (alternate presentation of an image for the right and left eye); 2) the regime having an “empty” interval (black background) between monocular phases; 3) the regime having a binocular phase (a binocular image containing details corresponding to the stimuli for the right eye and the left eye) between monocular phases.Results. It was found that the majority of children with non-paralytic strabismus, who are incapable of stereoperception with the classic Fly-test and Lang-test, can perceive the stereoeffect with alternating presentation of stereostimuli within individual ranges of durations of monocular phases, a binocular phase and an “empty” interval. In children of the control group when switching from the simple alternation regime to the “empty” interval regime the maximal durations of monocular phases, which preserved the stereoeffect, decreased and when switching to the binocular phase regime they significantly increased. In children with strabismus linear images are simpler for stereoperception than random-dot images as well as in children of the control group (p < 0.001); stimuli creating the effect of the frontoparallel separation of details get perceived better than those creating the decline effect or the turning effect (p < 0.001); stimuli creating the effect of the vertical stripes decline get perceived better than those creating the effect of the horizontal stripes turning (p < 0.001). However, as opposed to the children of the control group, in children with strabismus the stereoeffect gets formed better under conditions of the peripheral localization of linear details than under conditions of the central one.Conclusion. Using computer programs with different regimes of alternating presentation of stereostimuli with certain characteristics allows to effectively evaluate individual capability of stereoperception which is necessary for the personalized approach to the selection of visual stimuli and stimuli presentation regimes in functional treatment of patients with non-paralytic strabismus.
New Drugs for Ophthalmology Based on 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil (Experimental Research)
Authors: Gabdrakhmanova A. F. , Mesheryakova S. A. , Kifldiyarov F. Kh. , Kurbanov S. A. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: develop of new drugs for ophthalmology based on 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil and methyluracil.Materials and methods. An experimental study was carried out on 10 rabbits with a body weight of 3.5–4.0 kg of chinchilla breed. A thermal burn of the cornea in the eyes of 6 rabbits and a chemical burn of the cornea in the eyes of 4 rabbits were modeled. Therapy with the use of drugs was carried out: ophthalmic ointment — in thermal burns, ophthalmic medicinal films based on 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil and methyluracil in chemical burns.Results. The use of ophthalmic ointment based on 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil for thermal burns led to a decrease in conjunctival hyperemia and resorption of corneal edema by 4–5 days. On the 14th day of therapy, the microscopic picture of the rabbits cornea had the usual normal structure. The use of 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil and methyluracil based ophthalmic drug films yielded the following results: centripetal epithelialization of corneal erosion was observed, epithelial regeneration was higher with the use of methyluracil eye drug films and total epithelization was achieved on the 7th day of observation than when using eye drug films based on 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil, where total epithelization occurred on the 14th day. Complete restoration of the surface epithelial layer of the cornea in both groups was observed on the 21st day.Conclusions. The use of new drugs based on 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil and methyluracil in various types of corneal burns showed good tolerance in the eyes of experimental animals, shortened the treatment time, and achieved high wound healing efficacy.
Epidemiological profile and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Trichosporon species in a tertiary care hospital in Chandigarh, India
Authors: Mehta Vibha , Chander Jagdish , Gulati Neelam , Singla Nidhi , Vasdeva Hena , Sardana Raman , Kumar Pandey Awadhesh 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: Trichosporon species are ubiquitous in nature which are associated with fatal opportunistic invasive infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical details, as well as the antifungal susceptibility pattern of the patients with Trichosporon infections.
Materials and Methods: In total, 50 clinical isolates of Trichosporon species from various samples were included in this study. The samples were isolated over a period of 18 months from patients in a tertiary hospital in North India. The isolates were characterised phenotypically with Vitek MS (bioMérieux, France). Trichosporon spp. were isolated from urine (30%), nail (30%), tissue (16%), pleural fluid (14%), and sputum (5%). In total, majority of the isolates were of Trichosporon asahii (92%),followed by Trichosporon mucoides (6%), and Trichosporon ovoides (2%). It is noteworthy that most of the reported cases were from intensive care unit (34%).
Results: Intravenous catheters, antibiotics, and antifungal uptake were significantly associated risk factors with Trichosporon infection. All invasive isolates were observed to be resistant in vitro to caspofungin and exhibited high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against amphotericin B, fluconazole, and 5-flucytosine. The MICs for voriconazole and posaconazole were low.
Conclusion: Trichosporonosis is being increasingly reported all around the world,including India. The results of this study highlighted the importance of early detection and treatment for this emerging yeast and also added to the ongoing surveillance for the antifungal susuceptibility pattern for this fungus.
Prevalence and antifungal drug resistance of nosocomial Candida species isolated from two university hospitals in Egypt
Authors: M. El-Ganiny Amira , E. Yossef Nehal , A. Kamel Hend 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: There is a significant rise in morbidity and mortality of infections caused by Candida. Candida spp. infections are currently ranked fourth among nosocomial infections which are difficult to diagnose and refractory to therapy.Given the differences in susceptibility among various spp., identification of Candida spp. is an important step that leads to the selection of a suitable antifungal.
Materials and Methods: A prevalence study was on 122 Candida isolates. The Candida spp. were identified using Chromogenic agar and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antifungal susceptibility (AFS) of Candida spp. to amphotericin B, fluconazole,voriconazole, and caspofungin was determined by the disc diffusion method.
Results: In total, 122 Candida clinical isolates were investigated in this study. Candida albicans with 57.4% (70 isolates) had the highest prevalence rate, while 52 isolates (42.6%) were non-albicans Candida species (NAC). The NAC include Candida krusei (20.4%), Candida tropicalis (6.5%), Candida parapsilolsis (5.7%), Candida dubliniensis (4.9%), and Candida glabrata (4.9%). The AFS showed that the resistance rates of Candida spp. to fluconazole and voriconazole were 13.1% (16 isolates) and 9.8% (12 isolates), respectively. Moreover, only five isolates (4.1%) were resistant to caspofungin. Furthermore, there was no resistance against amphotericin B. The spp. that showed the highest resistance were C. glabrata and C. tropicalis, while the lowest resistance was observed in C. albicans and C. dubliniensis.
Conclusion: In conclusion, rapid identification of clinical Candida isolates and standard AFS are essential procedures for controlling the rise of resistant NAC spp.in clinical settings. Usage of fluconazole should be restricted, especially in patients with recurrent Candida infections.
Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species isolated from oral lesions in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Kermani Firoozeh , Sadeghian Mohaddese , Shokohi Tahereh , Hashemi Seyedebrahim , Moslemi Dariush , Davodian Saeed , Abastabar Mahdi , Bandalizadeh Zainab , Faeli Leyla , Seifi Zahra , Fami Zaghrami Mahmoud , Haghani Iman 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: Radiation therapy in patients with head and neck malignancies predisposes them to oral Candida colonization and infection due to damage of oral mucosa and destruction of the salivary gland. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing radiotherapy (RT), identify the yeasts isolated from them, and determine their antifungal susceptibility.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to June 2019 at two referral radiotherapy centers in northern Iran. Yeast strains that were isolated from patients with HNC were identified using conventional and molecular methods. The in vitro activities of eight common antifungal drugs against 55 isolates were investigated according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (M27-A3 and M27-S4) broth microdilution document.
Results: Among 59 patients receiving RT, the prevalence of OPC was 21 (35.59%) and 15 (25.42%) patients were diagnosed with colonization. The mean age of the patients was 55.32±13.3 years (within the range of 27-87 years). In this study, the pseudomembranous form was reported as the most clinical type of OPC. Candida albicans with the frequency of 60% was the most common type of Candida spp. that was observed in this study, although non-albicans Candida spp., such as C. glabrata (27.27%), C. tropicalis (5.45%), C. parapsilosis (3.63%), C. krusei (1.83%), and C. kefyr(1.83%) were also isolated. Considering the low minimum inhibitory concentration range of amphotericin B, compared to fluconazole, administration of this agent is a more suitable antifungal drug for extensive oral candidiasis in these patients. Among azoles,clotrimazole had low efficacy and several studied isolates (65.5%) showed resistance.
Conclusion: Correct diagnosis as well as determining drug sensitivity and risk factors are the effective steps in reducing the complications related to oral candidiasis in people undergoing RT.
A rare Fusarium equiseti infection in a 53-year-old male with burn injury: A case report
Authors: Xuan Hai Tang , Thai Ngoc Minh Nguyen , Ngoc Anh Do , Ngoc Dung Tran , Thi Minh Chau Ngo , Tran-Anh Le 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: Burn injuries are prone to infection caused by bacteria, fungi, or other pathogens. Fungal wound infection usually has non-specific clinical symptoms.Nevertheless, in some cases, the fungal burden is so substantial that can easily be seen by the naked eyes, but this phenomenon has rarely been reported with Fusarium.
Case report: A 53-year-old patient with severe burn injury was admitted to the intensive care unit of the National Hospital of Burn, Ha Noi, Vietnam. His wound was dressed with a traditional herbal product before the hospital admission. On the 5th day after the admission, some white patches suspected of fungal colonies appeared on burn lesions where the herbal medicine was placed. Histological examination (Periodic acidSchiff) and culture of biopsy samples taken from those lesions revealed fungus that was identified as Fusarium equiseti after analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and D1/D2 region of the large subunit of the 28S rDNA. The isolated strain showed susceptibility to voriconazole but resistance to fluconazole, itraconazole, caspofungin,and amphotericin B in vitro. The patient received aggressive treatment, including IV voriconazole (400 mg daily from day five); however, he could not recover.
Conclusion: Fusarium should be suspected in burn patients with white patches on lesions. Antifungal susceptibility testing is important since multidrug resistance is common among Fusarium strains.
Nanoliposome-loaded antifungal drugs for dermal administration: A review
Authors: Asadi Peyman , Mehravaran Ahmad , Soltanloo Nahid , Abastabar Mahdi , Akhtari Javad 
Published: July 2021

Cutaneous fungal infections are the fourth most common health problem, which involves approximately billion people worldwide. Drug delivery to the skin seems to be the best choice for superficial fungal infections. Topical formulations can release a sufficient amount of drug in therapeutical concentrations and permeate higher layers of the skin like the stratum corneum. As the outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum prevents the drug from penetrating the skin. Liposomes, especially nanosized as topical drug delivery systems to the skin, can show various functions depending on their size, lipids and cholesterol components, the percent of ingredients, lamellarity, and surface charge. Nanoliposomes can increase permeation through the stratum corneum, decrease systemic effects with their localizing actions, and overcome many dermal drug delivery obstacles. Antifungal drugs, such as croconazole, econazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine hydrochloride, tolnaftate, and miconazole entrapped in liposomes have indicated improved skin penetration and localizing effects. According to the literature review summarized in this paper, many studies have identified liposomes as a powerful carrier for topical antifungal drug delivery to the skin. However, a few studies introduced new generations of liposomes like ethosomes and transfersomes. This paper was conducted on almost all liposomal studies of antifungal drugs with dermal application.
POST DEMONETISATION EFFECT ON BANKING SECTOR, MICRO FINANCING INSTITUTIONS (MFI) AND JOB OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Vidyasagar Kandarp , Dwivedi Rajiv Kr. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of this study: This study aims at investigating the effect of demonetisation on the major sectors of the Indian economy i.e. banking sector, micro-financing sector, and employment sector. The government of India claims demonetisation as a tool to tackle inflation, black money, corruption, crime, and terror funding, while others call it harassment attitude.
Methodology: In this regard, a survey has been done to collect data from secondary sources. Further data were analysed graphically.
Results: The study reveals that there is marginal control over black money. The financial institution RBI suffered a loss due to excess of cash collection and failed to regulate the money properly. The employment sector is affected and a good number of people lost their jobs. Also, micro-financing institutions (MFI’s) business was affected worstly.
Social Implications/Applications: The MFIs and SMEs should be promoted and provided with legal financial assistance in order to compensate for their loss so that the 30% of citizens living below the poverty line get relief.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This combined study on various sectors gives a clear picture of the effects of post demonetisation in India which can help in predicting Indian economic conditions for the years to come.
A FUZZY PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO INVENTORY CONTROL PROBLEM
Authors: Kumari Neha , Burnwal A. P. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of study: Main aim of this study is to deals with the problem of inventories. Their holding cost, set-up cost, and many more related to that. All the problems are flexible and having fuzzy nature.
Methodology: The model takes the form of a Geometric Programming problem. Hence geometric programming algorithm is used here.
Main Finding: The developed models may be used for a single item with a single constraint of limitation on storage area and multi-item inventory problems.
Application of this study: This study is useful in the area of inventories. There holding cost and set-up cost etc.
The originality of this study: This study may help the stockholders for storing goods and minimizing the cost of holding.
THE REVIVAL OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC DISASTER
Authors: Roy Debashish 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: COVID-19 pandemic has severely hit the global economy. It has also had a huge impact on the tourism industry. The purpose of the study is to identify the possible initiatives to be taken to revive the tourism industry during or after the COVID-19 era.
Methodology: A qualitative analysis of secondary data has been applied. NVivo 12 has been used for organizing, analyzing, and visualizing the data.
Main Findings: It is found that government will have to play the most prominent role in the revival of the tourism sector through financial stimulus packages and subsidies. The use of marketing activities, promotional tools, and social media platforms will also aid in the recovery process. Initially, tourism activities can be restarted at domestic levels and in travel bubbles, motivating international tourists. Most importantly, maintaining hygiene and maintaining social distance will be the main tool to revive the tourism industry.
Applications of this study: The findings of this study will enable the decision-makers of the hospitality and tourism industry to make a strategic recovery plan Covid-19 stricken tourism economy.
The originality of this study: Although most of the industries are slowly turning around during the pandemic, the tourism industry is still struggling to survive. This study proposes several possible recovery plans in light of past epidemic experiences.