bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability prediction of early orthopedic treatment in Class III malocclusion: morphologic discriminant analysis
Authors: Paoloni V. , De Razza F. C. , Franchi L. , Cozza P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
To evaluate morphologic differences between class III malocclusion success and failure treatment subjects in order to identify which variables are more predictive for long-term stability in early orthopedic treatment. In this retrospective study, 31 patients were enrolled from the Department of Orthodontics (Rome Tor Vergata). Inclusion criteria were as follows: white ancestry, class III malocclusion, mixed dentition, cervical stage (CS) 1-2, no pseudo-class III. Pre-treatment radiographic and cast records were collected. Each patient underwent rapid maxillary expansion/facial mask/bite block (RME/FM/BB) orthopedic treatment until correction. At T1 (permanent dentition, CS4), records were recollected. According to treatment stability, relapse group (RG, 19) and success group (SG, 12) were identified. Sagittal and vertical cephalometric and digital cast measurements were performed. Student’s t tests were used for statistically significant differences inter and intra groups. For discriminant analysis, relapse or success status was added to each patient’s T0 data.

Results
At T0, RG showed larger upper anterior transversal width (p = 0.0266), while at T1 the upper anterior length was shorter than SG (p = 0.0028). Between T1 and T0, both groups showed larger upper anterior and posterior transversal widths. SG had greater upper anterior (p = 0.0066) and posterior (p = 0.449) sagittal length. RG presented larger lower anterior (p = 0.0012) and posterior (p = 0.0002) transversal widths, while there were no differences in SG lower arch. Discriminant analysis provided two predictive variables with an accuracy of 80.6%: upper anterior length and upper posterior length.

Conclusion
A shorter and wider maxilla could be a predisposing factor for relapse and failure of the early orthopedic treatment of class III malocclusion patients. The absence of mandibular changes could be predictable for treatment success.
College students’ reception of social networking tools for learning in India: an extended UTAUT model
Authors: Alvi Irum 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe term Social Networking Tools is used for social media applications accessible via mobile devices/smartphones; their use has become ubiquitous among college students, especially after the COVID 19 Pandemic, due to which the institutes of Higher education were shut down. A research gap was identified as the students’ acceptance of these learning tools has not been studied to the best of the author’s information, in India. The current study employs the conceptual model based on the UTAUT model by Venkatesh et al. (MIS Q 27(3):425–478, 2003), extended and modified by Khechine et al. (Br J Educ Technol 51 2306–2325, 2020.https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12905). The sample comprised 305 students, 48 females (15.7%) and 257 males (84.3%), with an average age of 18 years. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), a methodology of structural equation modeling which allows the assessment of any complex cause-effect model comprising latent variables was used for assessing the hypothesized model using SmartPLS version 3.2.9. The results show that the college students were impacted by Performance Expectancy PE, Effort expectancy EE, and Social Influence SI in shaping their behavioral intention BIU; Facilitating conditions FC and Intrinsic Values IV didn’t influence their behavioral intention. However, their behavioral intention BIU and their Intrinsic Values (IV) influenced their intention to use (IU) social networking tools for learning for Higher education, in the Indian context.
Structural and functional alterations in heart and skeletal muscle following severe TAC in mice: impact of moderate exercise training
Authors: Böttner Julia , Werner Sarah , Adams Volker , Knauth Sarah , Kricke Angela , Thiele Holger , Büttner Petra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of death in western countries. Cardiac dysfunction is accompanied by skeletal alterations resulting in muscle weakness and fatigue. Exercise is an accepted interventional approach correcting cardiac and skeletal dysfunction, thereby improving mortality, re-hospitalization and quality of life. Animal models are used to characterize underpinning mechanisms. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) results in cardiac pressure overload and finally HF. Whether exercise training improves cardiac remodeling and peripheral cachexia in the TAC mouse model was not analyzed yet. In this study, 2 weeks post TAC animals were randomized into two groups either performing a moderate exercise program (five times per week at 60% VO2 max for 40 min for a total of 8 weeks) or staying sedentary.

Results
In both TAC groups HF characteristics reduced ejection fraction (− 15% compared to sham, p < 0.001), cardiac remodeling (+ 22.5% cardiomyocyte cross sectional area compared to sham; p < 0.001) and coronary artery congestion (+ 34% diameter compared to sham; p = 0.008) were observed. Unexpectedly, peripheral cachexia was not detected. Furthermore, compared to sedentary group animals from the exercise group showed aggravated HF symptoms [heart area + 9% (p = 0.026), heart circumference + 7% (p = 0.002), right ventricular wall thickness − 30% (p = 0.003)] while muscle parameters were unchanged [Musculus soleus fiber diameter (p = 0.55), Musculus extensor digitorum longus contraction force (p = 0.90)].

Conclusion
The severe TAC model is inappropriate to study moderate exercise effects in HF with respect to cardiac and skeletal muscle improvements. Further, the phenotype induced by different TAC procedures should be well documented and taken into account when planning experiments.
Ixekizumab improves spinal pain, function, fatigue, stiffness, and sleep in radiographic axial Spondyloarthritis: COAST-V/W 52-week results
Authors: Deodhar Atul A. , Mease Philip J. , Rahman Proton , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Strand Vibeke , Hunter Theresa , Bolce Rebecca , Leon Luis , Lauzon Steve , Marzo-Ortega Helena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
This analysis assessed improvements in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) treated with ixekizumab in the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) treatment response domains and additional patient-reported outcomes at 1 year of treatment.

Methods
COAST-V and COAST-W were 52-week, phase 3, randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ixekizumab in biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD)-naïve and tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi)-experienced patients with radiographic spondyloarthritis, respectively. Patients were treated with 80-mg ixekizumab either every 2 weeks or every 4 weeks. Patient-reported outcomes included Patient Global Disease Activity, Spinal Pain, stiffness as measured by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) Questions 5 and 6, function as measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, fatigue as measured by the Fatigue Numeric Rating Scale and BASDAI question 1, Spinal Pain at Night, and sleep quality as measured by the Jenkins Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. Mixed-effects models for repeated measures were used to analyze changes from baseline in patient-reported outcomes from weeks 1 to 16, and descriptive statistics were reported from weeks 20 to 52. Analysis of covariance with Scheffé’s method was used for the ASAS response association analyses.

Results
This study assessed 341 bDMARD-naïve and 316 TNFi-experienced patients in the placebo-controlled blinded treatment dosing period (weeks 1–16) as well as 329 bDMARD-naïve and 281 TNFi-experienced patients in the dose double-blind extended treatment period (weeks 20–52). bDMARD-naïve or TNFi-experienced patients treated with ixekizumab every 2 weeks and every 4 weeks reported improvements in patient global disease activity, spinal pain, function, stiffness, fatigue, spinal pain at night, and sleep quality through week 52. Greater correlations with improvements in all response domains were seen when comparing ASAS40 responders to ASAS20 non-responders (p < 0.001), with up to 10.5-fold greater improvements observed in ASAS40 responses compared with ASAS20 non-responders. Function and fatigue demonstrated the highest values.

Conclusions
Ixekizumab-treated bDMARD-naïve and TNFi-experienced patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis achieving ASAS40 reported sustained and consistent improvement in all ASAS response domains and other patient-reported outcomes though week 52, with spinal pain, function, and stiffness as major drivers of the response.

Trial registration
NCT02696785 and NCT02696798, March 2, 2016.
One-year evaluation of the treatment of hydrocephalus associated with Galen’s vein aneurysm: about 3 cases in a country with limited health resources
Authors: Barry Louncény Fatoumata , Cisse Yakhya , Faye Mohameth , Ndongo Mouhamadou Moustapha , Malangu Mhaks , Adjamou Amidou , Ba Momar Codé , Badiane Seydou Boubakar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Aneurysm of vein of Galen is a rare congenital arteriovenous malformation. Clinical manifestations depend on the age of discovery. Endovascular embolization is currently the treatment of choice. This technique is not always available in developing countries. We report 3 cases treated symptomatically by endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Cases presentation
Three patients, 7 months, 15 years, and 26 years old, received in a table of acute intracranial hypertension, associated for the first one with convulsions and for the second one with moderate heart failure. Bain CT scan revealed triventricular hydrocephalus secondary to sacciform dilatation of the Galen’s vein in all three patients, requiring symptomatic treatment by endoscopic third ventriculostomy for the first patient and ventriculoperitoneal shunt for the other two in the absence of an adequate clinical platform for endovascular embolization. The evolution was favorable at 1 year’s follow-up.

Conclusion
Galen’s vein aneurysm is a rare vascular malformation. It mainly affects newborns and small children but can be discovered in adulthood. Endovascular embolization is its treatment of choice. This technique is not always available in some countries, which makes it necessary to resort to symptomatic treatment by ventricular shunt.
Comparison of pretreatment with low-dose midazolam in combination with fentanyl and midazolam alone on the occurrence of etomidate-induced myoclonus—a randomized, double-blind study
Authors: Hareed Khaise , Kachru Nisha , Yadav Rupesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyoclonus is reported to occur in 50–80% of patients receiving etomidate in the absence of pretreatment. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pretreatment with low-dose midazolam and fentanyl, and midazolam alone to reduce the occurrence of etomidate-induced myoclonus. Sixty patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. In group MF, patients received pretreatment with intravenous (IV) midazolam 0.015mg/kg in a volume of 5 ml normal saline, followed by IV fentanyl 1μg/kg in a volume of 5 ml normal saline. In group M, patients received pretreatment with IV midazolam 0.03mg/kg in a volume of 5 ml normal saline, followed by 5ml of IV normal saline. The test drug was injected over 30 s, and after 120 s, IV etomidate 0.3 mg/kg was injected over 30 s. The patients were observed for 120 s for myoclonus and graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded immediately after test drug injection and at every minute for 5 min.ResultsThe demographic parameters and hemodynamic parameters were comparable between the two groups. In group M, the incidence of myoclonus was 36.67% (26.67% mild and 10% moderate) whereas, in the group MF, the incidence of myoclonus was 26.67% (3.33% mild, 16.67% moderate, and 6.67% severe). This incidence of myoclonus was significantly lower in group MF (p=0.030).ConclusionsThe incidence of etomidate-induced myoclonus is significantly lower in patients pretreated with midazolam and fentanyl combination as compared to midazolam alone.Trial registrationClinical Trial Registry Details:CTRI/2019/05/018920
Association of TNFSF4 polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Yu , Lin Qing , Zhang Zhi-rong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective
To more precisely estimate the association between the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4) gene polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility, we performed a meta-analysis on the association of the following single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TNFSF4 with SLE: rs1234315, rs844648, rs2205960, rs704840, rs844644, rs10489265.

Methods
A literature-based search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science databases, and Cochrane Library databases to identify all relevant studies. And the association of TNFSF4 gene polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility was evaluated by pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
The meta-analysis produced overall OR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.36–1.49, P < 0.00001), 1.41 (95% CI 1.36–1.46, P < 0.00001) and 1.34 (95% CI 1.26–1.42, P < 0.00001) for the rs2205960, rs1234315 and rs704840 polymorphisms respectively, confirming these three SNPs confer a significant risk for the development of SLE. On the other hand, the meta-analysis produced overall OR of 0.92 (95% CI 0.70–1.21, P = 0.54) for the rs844644 polymorphism, suggesting no significant association. And no association was also found between either rs844648 1.11 (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.86–1.43, P = 0.41) or rs10489265 (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.94–1.47, P = 0.17) polymorphism with SLE susceptibility, respectively.

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the TNFSF4 rs2205960, rs1234315 and rs844840 SNPs was significantly associated with an increased risk of SLE.
The vital importance of a web of prevention for effective biosafety and biosecurity in the twenty-first century
Authors: Novossiolova Tatyana A. , Whitby Simon , Dando Malcolm , Pearson Graham S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiological threats are complex and multifaceted, as evidenced by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Their effective prevention and countering require multiple lines of collaborative action and sustained cross-sectorial coordination. This paper reviews the conclusions of Graham Pearson’s 1997JAMAarticle titled ‘The Complementary Role of Environmental and Security Biological Control Regimes in the 21st Century’, taking into account the international policy developments that have occurred over the past two decades. The paper underscores the utility of the concept of a ‘web of prevention’ for elucidating the need for continuous interaction between the international biosafety and international biosecurity regimes, in order to ensure that the life sciences are used only for peaceful purposes. The terms ‘biosafety’ and ‘biosecurity’ are used to denote the primary purpose of the two regimes: the international biosafety regime seeks to prevent the unintentional (accidental) release of pathogens and toxins, including naturally occurring disease, whereas the biosecurity regime seeks to prevent the deliberate release and misuse of pathogens and toxins. The paper concludes by recommending practical steps for strengthening the implementation of all elements of the web of prevention and upholding the norms against the hostile misuse of life sciences.
Effect of maternal separation and transportation stress on the bovine upper respiratory tract microbiome and the immune response to resident opportunistic pathogens
Authors: Malmuthuge Nilusha , Howell Angela , Arsic Natasa , Prysliak Tracy , Perez-Casal Jose , Griebel Philip 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe bovine upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome includes opportunistic pathogens that cause respiratory disease and stress associated with maternal separation and transportation contributes to the severity of this respiratory disease. Stress is known to alter the gut microbiome but little is known regarding the effect of stress on the URT microbiota. This study used six-month old suckling beef calves to investigate whether maternal separation (weaned), by itself or combined with transportation (weaned + transport), altered the URT microbiome and host immune responses to resident opportunistic pathogens.ResultsTaxonomic and functional composition of the URT microbiome in suckling and weaned beef calves did not change significantly when serially sampled over a one-month period. Subtle temporal changes in the URT microbiome composition were observed in weaned + transport calves. Total bacterial density was lower (p < 0.05) on day 4 post-weaning in both the weaned and weaned + transport groups when compared to suckling calves. In addition, significant (p < 0.05) temporal changes in the density of the opportunistic pathogens,M. haemolyticaandP. multocida, were observed independent of treatment but these changes did not correlate with significantly increased (p < 0.05) serum antibody responses to both of these bacteria in the weaned and weaned + transport groups. Serum antibody responses toMy. bovis, another opportunistic pathogen, remained unchanged in all treatment groups. Weaning, by itself and in combination with transportation, also had significant (p < 0.05) short- (2 to 8 days post-weaning) and long-term (28 days post-weaning) effects on the expression of adrenergic receptor genes in blood leukocytes when compared to age-matched suckling beef calves.ConclusionsMaternal separation (weaning) and transportation has minor effects on the taxonomic and functional composition of the URT microbiome and temporal changes in the density of opportunistic pathogen residing in the URT did not correlate with significant changes in immune responses to these bacteria. Significant changes in adrenergic receptor expression in blood leukocytes following weaning, with or without transportation, suggests altered neuroimmune regulation should be further investigated as a mechanism by which stress can alter host-microbiome interactions for some opportunistic respiratory pathogens that reside in the URT.
Prognostic factors and outcome of pineoblastoma: 10 years single-center experience
Authors: Elhemaly Ahmed , Zaghloul Mohamed S. , Ahmed Soha , Taha Hala , Refaat Amal , Maher Eslam , El-Beltagy Mohamed , Zekry Wael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The survival of pineoblastoma patients is low, particularly in infants and those with metastatic disease. This study aimed to analyze the prognostic factors affecting the outcome of Pineoblastoma in different age groups.

Methods
A retrospective study included 33 patients. Twenty-two patients older than 3 years had upfront surgery, followed by induction CSI then 6 cycles of chemotherapy.
Eleven patients younger than 3 years underwent surgery, followed by induction chemotherapy then radiation therapy. Focal irradiation (54 Gy) was administrated in six patients, and CSI (23.4 Gy) with booster dose 30.6 Gy to the tumor bed in two patients followed by 4 cycles of chemotherapy.

Results
Patient’s age showed a significant impact on the outcome (P value = 0.001 for EFS and 0.002 for OS). The metastases’ presence did not impact the outcome negatively. The survival of patients with metastatic disease did not differ between age groups. However, age had a significant impact on the outcome of M0 disease, with 3-year EFS and OS of 65.3% and 74%, respectively, in the older group compared to 0% for both rates in younger patients. CSI showed a positive impact on survival. For all cases, the 3-year OS and EFS were 46.7% and 44.4%, respectively.

Conclusions
A multimodality approach is needed to treat this aggressive disease. Inadequate dose intensity affected our patients’ outcome negatively. A more aggressive approach using high-dose chemotherapy or CSI may be required to improve infantile pineoblastoma’s dismal outcome. Focal radiotherapy is not an efficacious treatment in infants due to its high-metastatic potential. Molecular typing should be considered to label patients who need a more intensified approach.
Necrotizing descending mediastinitis by Acinetobacter Baumannii in an out-patient: a case report
Authors: Cherrabi Kaoutar , Ouattassi Naouar , Tinni Omar , Kamal Dounia , Elalami Mohamed Noureddine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Complicated cervico-facial cellulitis is an infectious disease which can have fatal prognosis. Necrotizing descending mediastinitis is a rare and fatal complication of cervico-thoracic cellulitis. This is the case of necrotizing descending mediastinitis complicating by a multi-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii in a 27-year-old female, with early management of hemodynamic, respiratory and surgical emergencies, and very careful post-operative care, resulting in very satisfying outcome.

Case presentation
The patient presented was first treated with broad spectrum antibiotics for Ludwig’s angina for 10 days, then presented with a swelling of sub-mandibular, sub-mental, and cervical regions, a mild respiratory distress, with clinical enhancement of dyspnea in proclive position, tachycardia of 100 beats per minute, and arterial blood pressure of 10/5.
Clinical exam showed a tight trismus, with oral opening inferior to 1 cm, no inflammatory signs in facial and cervical swollen areas, and a saturation of 95% in proclive position. Auscultation suspected a pericardial effusion.
CT scan with and without injected contrast medium showed diffuse abscesses of sub-mental, sub-mandibular, retro-pharyngeal, para-pharyngeal regions, along with mediastinal abscesses and pericardial effusion. Trans-thoracic ultrasound showed 2 cm pericardial effusion, preserved function of myocardium, and without signs of tamponade.
The diagnosis of necrotizing descending mediastinitis with pericardial effusion was established.
The patient underwent a course of wide spectrum antibiotic therapy, low doses of cathecholamine, and a surgical drainage through cervical approach of all implicated zones. The surgical dissection was thorough and difficult due to diffuse fibrosis found in tissues of cervical regions. Two hundred milliliters of pus was evacuated, with a placement of surgical drains and Delbet blades.
Bacteriological exam found an Acinetobacter Baumannii sensitive to colistin only.
The post-operative outcome showed clinical and biological enhancement; however, a residual mediastinal collection appeared in control CT scan after 48 h, which indicated a surgical revision through mediastinoscopy.
The post-operative outcome was satisfying with stabilized clinical, biological, and radiological aspects.

Conclusions
Necrotizing descending mediastinitis is an infectious disease correlated with a very elevated mortality rate, and management is based on airway control, antibiotic therapy, and surgical treatment, as well as the post-operative intensive unit care.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management enhances outcome and decreases mortality significantly.