bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors associated with ulcer‐related pain in persons with chronic leg ulcers—an explorative study
Authors: Leren Lena , Johansen Edda Aslaug , Eide Hilde , Sørum Falk Ragnhild , Ljoså Tone Marte 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to explore the prevalence of background pain and identify demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors associated with moderate to severe background pain in persons with leg ulcers.BackgroundAll chronic leg ulcers are potentially painful. Research indicates that 80% of persons with chronic leg ulcers experience wound‐related background pain. However, studies on factors associated with pain have small samples and findings are inconclusive.DesignExploratory cross‐sectional study.MethodThis quantitative study recruited persons with chronic leg ulcers (N = 252) from two wound care clinics using consecutive sampling method. Data were obtained through screening interview, clinical examination and questionnaires. Logistic regression with stepwise backwards elimination was used to identify factors associated with moderate to severe background pain. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used for reporting this study.ResultsBackground pain was reported by 64% of the participants. Inferential statistical analyses suggest that between 58% and 69% of persons with chronic leg ulcers suffer from this type of pain. Factors associated with moderate to severe pain were older age, female gender, reduced sleep quality and diminished health status. In the final model, reduced sleep quality increased the likelihood of having moderate to severe pain in persons with good health status while not in persons with diminished health status.ConclusionUlcer‐related background pain is common in persons with chronic leg ulcers. Older females reporting insomnia symptoms also had increased risk of moderate to severe ulcer‐related background pain. These participants also perceived their health status to be better.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study demonstrates that ulcer‐related background pain and associated factors needs more attention in clinical practice. Furthermore, nurses and other healthcare professionals should integrate biopsychosocial strategies to assess and manage ulcer‐related background pain.
The role of health beliefs in affecting patients’ chronic diabetic complication screening: a path analysis based on the health belief model
Authors: Jiang Lingjun , Liu Suzhen , Li Hang , Xie Linna , Jiang Yuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the role of health beliefs in affecting patients’ chronic diabetic complication (CDC) screening.BackgroundPatients’ adherence to the guideline‐recommended CDC screening was far from optimal. While many demographic and clinical characteristics were documented to influence patients’ adherence, psychological profiles, such as health beliefs, were not well studied before. It is crucial to understand how health beliefs affect patients’ CDC screening behaviour and thus to provide implications for future intervention programmes.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted.Methods785 type 2 diabetes were enrolled from the community health centre in Wuhou District, Chengdu, China. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data regarding the demographic and clinical information, knowledge about CDC, health belief model constructs and CDC screening behaviour. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the mechanisms of health belief model constructs on CDC screening behaviour. The study methods were compliant with the STROBE checklist.ResultsKnowledge had a significant indirect effect on CDC screening behaviour through perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and self‐efficiency. Cues to action exerted both significant direct and indirect effects on CDC screening behaviour. The indirect effects of cues to action were exerted through perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers and self‐efficiency.ConclusionHealth beliefs played vital roles in mediating the effects of knowledge and cues to action on patients’ CDC screening behaviour. Health beliefs should be assessed and modified through creative educational methods. Strategies aimed at increasing cues to action are also expected to facilitate patients’ CDC screening behaviour.Relevance to clinical practicesThe study contributes to the exploration of how health beliefs affect patients’ CDC screening behaviour. The results could be used to inspire future community‐based intervention programmes.
Innovation in Malmö after the Öresund Bridge
Authors: Ejermo Olof , Hussinger Katrin , Kalash Basheer , Schubert Torben 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe analyze the effect of the Öresund Bridge, a combined railway and motorway bridge between Swedish Malmö and the Danish capital Copenhagen, on inventive activity in the region of Malmö. Applying difference‐in‐difference estimation on individual‐level data, our findings suggest that the Öresund Bridge led to a significant increase in the number of patents per individual in the Malmö region as compared with the two other major regions in Sweden, Gothenburg, and Stockholm. We show that a key mechanism is the attraction of highly qualified workers to the Malmö region following the construction of the bridge.
Use of School Wellness Policy Templates in One Texas Public Health Region: A Mixed‐Methods Analysis
Authors: Szeszulski Jacob , Walker Timothy J. , McCurdy Sheryl A. , Hoelscher Deanna M. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFederal law requires most school districts to develop school wellness policies (SWPs), which state agencies assist in by providing templates. Templates provide standard language, which districts may edit for numerous reasons. We aimed to identify the frequency/consistency of template usage and identify the types of edits districts make when using SWP templates.METHODSWe identified SWPs (N = 117) and templates (N = 2) from districts in 1 Texas public health region. We developed template specific coding guides, which allowed us to examine the frequency SWPs used template text within multiple areas (eg, nutrition goals, reporting). We also collected/categorized SWP edits from the template text and conducted a thematic analysis of locally developed SWPs and SWP templates.RESULTSOf 117 SWPs, 81.2% used a 2020 template, 13.7% used a 2005 template, and 5.1% created their own SWP. Across template‐based SWPs, 44 content edits (0.4 per policy) occurred in 9 categories. Thematic analysis revealed: (1) locally developed SWPs created an informed mission statement linked to their goals; (2) Locally developed SWPs provided details that the current template includes in wellness plans.CONCLUSIONSMost districts used exact template language when writing their SWP. Adding spaces where districts can specify details could improve SWP content.
The view from within: Gendered language ideologies of multilingual speakers in contemporary Berlin
Authors: Truan Naomi , Oldani Martina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrawing on interview data on Kiezdeutsch, we argue that a focus on gendered language ideologies is much needed to understand the social meanings ascribed to multiethnolectal practices. By attuning carefully to the nuanced, subjective ideological stances of young multilingual women, we show that at the interactional level, Kiezdeutsch is constructed as a consequence of the interviewees' multilingual practice and thus activates a sense of belonging and entitlement. At the macro level, however, the belonging to a multilingual speech community is tied up with the representation of a racialized and ethnicized ‘other’ in the mainstream, dominant public discourse prevalent in Germany. As young males are the more salient figure in the construction this racialized and ethnicized ‘other’, Kiezdeutsch then becomes indexed with masculinity—even within the peer group. Saying that Kiezdeutsch is used among friends thus presents only a partial picture on how, for girls and young women, using Kiezdeutsch becomes socially sanctioned both in the public sphere and in private settings.
Dental amalgam restorations in nationally representative sample of US population aged ≥15 years: NHANES 2011–2016
Authors: Estrich Cameron G. , Lipman Ruth D. , Araujo Marcelo W. B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesEstimate the proportion of amalgam restorations among the US population.MethodsData from ≥15 year old clinically examined dentate participants in three 2‐year survey cycles (NHANES 2011–2016) were analyzed. The 2015–2016 data include restorative material type, allowing for the first time a US estimate of amalgam‐restored teeth.ResultsThe percent of the US population with at least one restoration (65.8 ± 1.4) was relatively constant in 2011–2016. Among those with restored teeth, the mean number of teeth with amalgam restorations increased with age from 4.71 among 15–24 year olds to 7.03 among those ≥75 years. Non‐Hispanic Whites with restored teeth had the highest mean of teeth with amalgam restorations (5.94), while non‐Hispanic Blacks had the lowest (5.08).ConclusionIn 2015–2016, about half (51.5 percent) of restored teeth in the US population contained amalgam. Amalgam presence varied by age, tooth type, and race/ethnicity, but not by sex. These estimates can be used to assess future US caries prevention and dental amalgam reduction efforts.
Long‐term changes in self‐reported sleep quality and risk of chronic musculoskeletal pain: The HUNT Study
Authors: Skarpsno Eivind Schjelderup , Nilsen Tom Ivar Lund , Hagen Knut , Mork Paul Jarle 
Published: May 2021

SummaryWe examined the association between long‐term (~10 years) changes in self‐reported sleep quality and risk of any chronic musculoskeletal pain and chronic widespread pain. The study comprised data on 6,033 people who participated in three consecutive surveys in the Norwegian HUNT Study (1995–1997, 2006–2008 and 2017–2019) and who were without chronic musculoskeletal pain at the first two surveys. We used a modified Poisson regression model to calculate adjusted risk ratios for chronic pain at follow‐up (2017–2019) associated with categories of poor and good sleep quality reported in 1995–1997 and 2006–2008. Compared with people who reported good sleep at both surveys (crude absolute risk: 32.4%), the risk ratios of any chronic pain were 1.20 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.41) for those who changed from poor to good sleep; 1.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.12–1.39) for those who changed from good to poor sleep; and 1.41 (95% confidence interval: 1.21–1.63) for those who reported long‐term poor sleep. The corresponding risk ratios for chronic widespread pain were 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.82–2.23), 1.55 (95% confidence interval: 1.14–2.12) and 2.09 (95% confidence interval: 1.38–3.17), respectively. In conclusion, these findings indicate that people with long‐term poor sleep quality have a markedly higher risk of chronic musculoskeletal pain and chronic widespread pain, compared with people who remain good sleep quality.
Biopsy of an intracardiac paraganglioma in a dog using a fluoroscopically guided endovascular technique
Authors: Raleigh Joseph S. , Culp William T. N. , Brady Rachel , Al‐Nadaf Sami , Kent Michael S. , Kaplan Joanna L. , Stern Joshua A. , Visser Lance C. , Niedringhaus Kevin D. , Wolf Tatiana G. , Choi Eunju , Affolter Verena K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 10‐year‐old female spayed mixed breed dog was evaluated for diarrhea and vomiting. Diagnostic imaging demonstrated the presence of an intracardiac mass. A modified Seldinger technique was used to access the right jugular vein, and an endomyocardial biopsy forceps was introduced through a sheath to obtain several biopsies. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry demonstrated a paraganglioma. The dog underwent 1 fraction of radiotherapy andl‐asparaginase chemotherapy and was discharged. The dog developed a pulmonary thromboembolism 2 days after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the owner elected humane euthanasia. Although long‐term assessment of treatment response was unable to be performed, this novel diagnostic option could be considered for similar cases due to success in obtaining a histopathologic diagnosis, which is essential in developing a disease‐specific treatment plan. This report also describes the use of radiotherapy for primary treatment of an intracardiac neoplasm, which can be a consideration in the future.
Genomic and fitness consequences of inbreeding in an endangered carnivore
Authors: Hasselgren Malin , Dussex Nicolas , von Seth Johanna , Angerbjörn Anders , Olsen Remi‐André , Dalén Love , Norén Karin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReduced fitness through genetic drift and inbreeding is a major threat to small and isolated populations. Although previous studies have generally used genetically verified pedigrees to document effects of inbreeding and gene flow, these often fail to capture the whole inbreeding history of the species. By assembling a draft arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) genome and resequencing complete genomes of 23 additional foxes born before and after a well‐documented immigration event in Scandinavia, we here look into the genomic consequences of inbreeding and genetic rescue. We found a difference in genome‐wide diversity, with 18% higher heterozygosity and 81% lower FROH in immigrant F1 compared to native individuals. However, more distant descendants of immigrants (F2, F3) did not show the same pattern. We also found that foxes with lower inbreeding had higher probability to survive their first year of life. Our results demonstrate the important link between genetic variation and fitness as well as the transient nature of genetic rescue. Moreover, our results have implications in conservation biology as they demonstrate that inbreeding depression can effectively be detected in the wild by a genomic approach.
Optimum distribution of seismic energy dissipation devices using neural network and fuzzy inference system
Authors: Noureldin M. , Ali A. , Nasab M. S. E. , Kim J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe current study proposes a framework to provide an optimal distribution of energy dissipation devices for low‐ and mid‐rise framed buildings using an artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy inference system (FIS). Three illustrative framed buildings to be retrofitted using steel slit dampers are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Two hundred natural earthquake records are used to consider variability in seismic ground motions, and 33,600 nonlinear time history analyses (NLTHAs) are conducted to train the framework. Three engineering demand parameters are used to represent the strength and serviceability requirements concurrently, and the fuzziness of structural limit states is also included within the framework. The framework is fine‐tuned by carrying out sensitivity exercises based on different sample sizes to select the most appropriate training algorithm, activation function, and ANN architecture. After that, the proposed framework is compared with three different supervised machine learning classification algorithms; namely, support vector machine, decision tree, and bagged ensemble. The results show the superiority of the proposed framework compared to the conventional machine learning algorithms in predicting the ranking and obtaining the optimum retrofit scheme for low‐ and mid‐rise framed buildings. Finally, NLTHAs are conducted to validate the results produced by the framework, which are found to be in good agreement with the NLTHAs testing results.
Identifying potential candidate Culicoides spp. for the study of interactions with Candidatus Cardinium hertigii
Authors: Pilgrim J. , Siozios S. , Baylis M. , Venter G. , Garros C. , Hurst G. D. D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCulicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors responsible for the transmission of several viruses of veterinary importance. Previous screens of Culicoides have described the presence of the endosymbiont Candidatus Cardinium hertigii (Bacteroidetes). However, any impacts of this microbe on vectorial capacity, akin to those conferred by Wolbachia in mosquitoes, are yet to be uncovered and await a suitable system to study Cardinium‐midge interactions. To identify potential candidate species to investigate these interactions, accurate knowledge of the distribution of the endosymbiont within Culicoides populations is needed. We used conventional and nested PCR assays to screen Cardinium infection in 337 individuals of 25 Culicoides species from both Palearctic and Afrotropical regions. Infections were observed in several vector species including C. imicola and the Pulicaris complex (C. pulicaris, C. bysta, C. newsteadi and C. punctatus) with varying prevalence. Phylogenetic analysis based on the Gyrase B gene grouped all new isolates within ‘group C’ of the genus, a clade that has to date been exclusively described in Culicoides. Through a comparison of our results with previous screens, we suggest C. imicola and C. sonorensis represent good candidates for onward study of Cardinium‐midge interactions.
DNA identification of species of the Anopheles maculipennis complex and first record of An. daciae in Belgium
Authors: Smitz N. , De Wolf K. , Gheysen A. , Deblauwe I. , Vanslembrouck A. , Meganck K. , De Witte J. , Schneider A. , Verlé I. , Dekoninck W. , Gombeer S. , Vanderheyden A. , De Meyer M. , Backeljau T. , Müller R. , Van Bortel W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed at identifying the members of the Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) occurring in Belgium. Therefore, the second internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS2) and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) loci were sequenced in 175 and 111 specimens, respectively, collected between 2007 and 2019. In parallel, the suitability of two species‐diagnostic PCR‐RFLP assays was tested. The identified specimens included: An. maculipennis s.s. (N = 105), An. daciae (N = 62), An. atroparvus (N = 6) and An. messeae (N = 2). Each species was characterized by unique ITS2 haplotypes, whereas COI only supported the monophyly of An. atroparvus, a historical malaria vector in Belgium. Species identification results were further supported by unique PCR‐RFLP banding patterns. We report for the first time An. daciae in Belgium, where it was found to co‐occur with An. maculipennis s.s. The latter was the most prevalent in the collection studied (60%) and appears to have the widest distribution in Belgium. As in other studies, An. daciae and An. messeae appeared the most closely related species, up to the point that their species status remains debatable, while their ecological differences, including vector competences, need further study.
Qualitative research methods and its application in nephrology
Authors: Guha Chandana , Viecelli Andrea K. , Wong Germaine , Manera Karine , Tong Allison 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChronic kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of mortality, comorbidities and life‐threatening complications. Invasive treatments including dialysis or transplantation, complex pharmacological therapies, dietary restrictions and the ongoing need to attend follow‐up appointments can place a substantial treatment burden on patients and carers and impair quality of life. This highlights the need for care that is responsive to the needs of patients and involves them in decision‐making to achieve the most appropriate healthcare outcomes. Shared decision‐making and collaborative approaches to care require a deep awareness of the lived experiences and goals of patients. Qualitative research methods can provide insights into patients' experiences, values and priorities and inform practice and policy by uncovering their preferences for care. Qualitative methods are increasingly being used in standalone projects or in mixed methods studies (complementing quantitative studies) to make valuable contributions to patient‐centred research. Patient‐centred care, collaborations between patient and care provider, and shared decision‐making that integrates with the patient's goals are central to quality healthcare. The efficacy of qualitative research lies in its ability to elicit patients' perspectives, values, priorities and goals that underpin shared decision making and care. This article discusses examples of how qualitative research has informed practice and policy in nephrology, provides a summary of qualitative research methods and outlines a guide on how to appraise, interpret and apply qualitative data.
The role of structure in dietary approaches for the treatment of pediatric overweight and obesity: A critical review
Authors: Griffiths Lauren A. , Douglas Steve M. , Raynor Hollie A. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryA multicomponent approach for the treatment of pediatric overweight/obesity, which includes behavioral strategies to alter diet and physical activity/sedentary behavior, has graded recommendations for its use. Dietary interventions to be used within this approach do not. In adults, research indicates that strongly graded dietary interventions providing greater structure (or more control over the types/amount of food consumed) produce better weight outcomes. For this critical review, dietary interventions recommended by the Expert Committee for the treatment of pediatric overweight/obesity were categorized according to their potential degree of dietary structure, and their impact on weight outcomes was described. Four levels of dietary structure were reviewed, operationalized as alterations to the following: food groups, such as fruits and vegetables (low structure); daily eating occasions, such as meals (moderate structure); large nutrients, such as energy (high structure); and energy plus additional dietary alterations (very high structure). In total, 24 interventions (four low, three moderate, five high, and 12 very high structure structure) were identified and reviewed. Reductions in standardized body mass index increased with increasing structure, and interventions ≥6 months had better outcomes than interventions <6 months. Future research should empirically test dietary intervention structure to determine its impact on weight status during pediatric overweight/obesity treatment.