bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of diabetes-related distress among type 2 diabetic patients, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlOtaibi Abdullah Aedh , Almesned Mohammed , Alahaideb Turki Mohammed , Almasari Saad Mohammed , Alsuwayt Saleh Saad 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
To assess the prevalence of diabetes-related distress (DRD) among Type 2 diabetics in the diabetic center of King Salman Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This was an observational descriptive study conducted between December 2019 and January 2020 among T2DM patients followed up at the diabetic clinics of the Diabetic Center of King Salman Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We used the 17-items Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS17) to measure DRD.

Results:
A total of 399 T2DM patients were included in the study, 58.4% were males. High distress was seen in 40 patients. Multivariate analysis showed that longer duration of diabetes (>15 years), female gender, longer intervals in-between visits (>6 months), and experience of episodes of severe hypoglycemia as the most significant factors related to higher levels of distress. The patients who were diabetics longer than 15 years had an increased risk for high distress by 3.6 times, infrequent clinic visits (longer than 6 months) increased the risk for high distress by 5.3 times×, and patients who experienced severe hypoglycemia had an increased risk for high distress by 5.8 times.

Conclusion:
This study showed a high (35.6%) prevalence of moderate to severe DRD. Long-standing diabetes, a longer interval of a clinic visit, and severe hypoglycemia increase the risk for DRD by 3.6, 5.3, and 5.8 folds. Health care providers should focus on reducing DRD and devise ways to increase self-care practices and coping skills.
Association of haematological biomarkers with severity of COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Kaeley Nidhi , Mahala Prakash , Walia Rohit , Subramanyam V. , Choudhary Suman , Shankar Takshak 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a beta coronavirus. In this study, we assessed the association of biomarkers such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR) with the severity of COVID-19 in patients.

Methods:
This retrospective observational study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital of the sub-Himalayan region of Uttarakhand over a period of six months from May to October 2020. A total of 350 patients with confirmed RT-PCR COVID-19 infection were included in the study. Detailed clinical, demographic and biochemical data of each patient was obtained from the hospital record section after permission from the Institute Ethical Committee. NLR, PLR and LMR ratios were calculated and compared with the outcomes in each patient. The patients were subdivided into two sub-groups: those with saturation less than 94% and those with saturation more than 94%. The patients were categorised as mild (with SpO2 of > 94%) and moderate-severe (with SpO2 of ≤94%) based on oxygen saturation.

Results:
A total of 350 patients with Covid-19 pneumonia were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients with oxygen saturation of ≤94% was 54.91 ± 13.29 years, which was comparable to the other group. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and NLR were significantly higher in patients with a saturation of < 94%. However, LMR and PLR were significantly lower in the group with saturation of <94%. Thus, a significant association was found between haematological inflammatory ratios and the severity of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:
NLR, LMR and PLR ratios can be utilised as point of care markers to assess severity in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
The association between social media use and depressive symptoms among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlHamad Noura Saud , AlAmri Khaled 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Excessive use of social media sites and applications was reported to be associated with depressive symptoms. We determined the association between social media use and depressive symptoms among adults in Riyadh and correlated the results with other studies.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed using a self-administered survey questionnaire distributed to participants aged 13 years old and above. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used as a screening tool to measure depression. Positive and negative affective experiences were also assessed.

Results:
A total of 467 participants with a mean age of 27.0 ± 10.9 years were surveyed; 269 (57.6%) were males, and 198 (42.4%) were females. The mean of the total PHQ-9 score was 8.7 ± 5.8. There were 17 patients (3.6%) with no depression, 103 (22.1%) with minimal depression, 160 (34.3%) with mild depression, 113 (24.2%) with moderate depression, 47 (10.1%) with moderately severe depression, and 27 (5.8%) with severe depression. Females significantly had experienced moderate to severe depression compared to males (P = 0.040, OR = 1.48). One hundred eighty-seven respondents (40.0%) had moderate to severe depression on the three dimensions of social networking sites (SNSs) usage. The PHQ-9 score was positively significantly correlated with all three dimensions of the use of SNSs. The negative affective experiences ranked high among other affective experiences with depression, the highest mean of all the scales (5.8 ± 1.4). The positive affective experiences scored low, with contentment scoring the lowest (3.7 ± 1.9).

Conclusion:
A high percentage of moderate to severe depression and negative affective experiences, including anger and happiness, exists among individuals who excessively use and spend a lot more time using SNSs. A greater tendency toward depression occurs among females. Although the data from this study are self-reported, there is a need for health practitioners and family physicians to identify early signs of depression that warrants early intervention to address to mitigate and prevent the potentially harmful consequences that might happen in the future.
Response of the health system in Nipah outbreak in Ernakulam district
Authors: Menon Vishnu B. , George Leyanna Susan 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Nipah is an emerging zoonotic disease that is transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. Recently, Nipah virus infection was confirmed in Kochi, Kerala, making it the fourth outbreak reported in India. However, due to its good epidemic response, the health system of Kerala was able to control it in a timely manner.

Objective:
To qualitatively analyse the response of the health system of Kerala in controlling the Nipah outbreak (2019) by identifying the enabling factors and the challenges faced by it.

Methods:
A qualitative study was conducted using grounded theory approach. Key informant interviews were conducted till data saturation was reached. The audio recorded data was translated, transcribed and was manually coded and thematically analysed.

Results:
The major enablers for its apt response were identified to be effective communication, good line of control, effective division of work, intersectorial coordination, strong leadership, political commitment, resilient public private partnership and support groups, past experiences in disaster management, quick procurement of medicines and availability of lab facilities. On the other hand, the challenges identified were initial confusions, lack of standard operating procedures/guidelines for epidemic management, complacency, lack of effective zoonotic surveillance, media management and community participation.

Conclusion:
This study attributes the success of the outbreak response to the strong leadership and political commitment. In order to prevent recurrences in the future, there is a need to build a resilient health system through capacity building and further strengthening of the surveillance system.
Comparison of demographic, clinical, spirometry, and radiological parameters between smoking and non-smoking COPD patients in rural Gujarat, India
Authors: Shah Dhruv M. , Kshatriya Ravish M. , Paliwal Rajiv 
Published: October 2021

Context:
A total of 20% of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) patients are non-smokers due to preventable causes, such as biomass fuel exposure, post tuberculous sequelae, occupational exposure, air pollution, persistent chronic asthma, and genetic predisposition.

Aims:
To compare smokers and non-smokers with COPD.

Settings and Design:
An observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital on 60 patients diagnosed with COPD, (GOLD criteria), who were divided into smoker and non-smoker groups.

Subjects and Methods:
Demographic data, clinical profile, smoking history, and radiological data were collected and compared. Exclusion criteria were individuals having active pulmonary tuberculosis and reversible air flow limitations.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Using STATA 14.2, quantitative and qualitative data were presented using descriptive statistics.

Results:
A total of 100% of smokers were male, whereas 70% of non-smokers were female. Compared to non-smokers (16.67%), smokers (26.6%) presented with higher grade of dyspnea. A statistically significant difference was seen with more smokers diagnosed as severe (40%) and very severe (30%) COPD compared to non-smokers with mild (16.67%) and moderate (46.67%) COPD (P < 0.012), Post bronchodilator FEV1 among smokers (42.63) compared to non-smokers (56.63) (P < 0.01) and decrease in FEV1 as the grade of dyspnea increased (P < 0.002). Compared to 36.67% in non-smokers, 70% smokers showed emphysematous x-rays.

Conclusions:
In our study we found majority of non-smokers to be female, and smokers had a higher grade of dyspnea, more severe COPD, lower post bronchodilator FEV1, and more emphysematous changes on x-rays.
Examining the Relationship between Attachment, Somatization, and Expressing Emotions
Authors: Yesil Hatice , Özdogan Büsra , Ünübol Hüseyin , Sayar Gökben Hizli 
Published: October 2021

Aim:
The baby's special relationship with his caregiver affects his future psychological and physical health. The disruption of the mother-baby bonding can lead to mental difficulties and even psychopathologies in that period and afterward. This study aimed to reveal the relationships between attachment, expressing emotion, and somatization.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 175 volunteer university students, 142 females, 33 males, were included in the study. In the study, data were collected via self-report forms, namely, sociodemographic form, the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Somatization Scale, and the Emotional Expression Questionnaire.

Results:
A low level of negative correlation was found between expressing emotions and attachment to the mother. A weak but statistically significant negative relationship was found between somatization and attachment to mother and father. A weakly significant negative correlation was found between somatization and Overprotection-Father scores. While the somatization scores of the participants increased, the perceived protective, controlling, nonsupporting attitudes of the father also increased significantly.

Conclusion:
Further research needs to be focused on the theoretical and clinical implications of these results. The precise nature of these possible relationships is yet to be interpreted.
THE EFFECT OF ADDING ORGANIC SELENIUM ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD AND QUALITY OF BREAST MEAT OF PHEASANTS
Authors: Obradović Saša , Petrujkić Branko , Đermanović Vladan , Živković Vladimir , Stojanović Bojan , Đorđević Nenad , Radulović Milanka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper was to examine the biochemical and haemological parameters of blood as well as the quality of breast meat of 45 pheasants. The pheasants were divided into three groups and fed by mixtures with the organic selenium supplementation in concentrations of 0.2 mg/kg (I group) and 0.3 mg/kg (II group)and with mixture without selenium in a control group (K). After 60 days of the experiment duration it was determined that the average values of selenium content in the breast meat in blood serum of II group pheasants which were fed with 0.3 mg/kg of organic selenium were significantly higher (p>0.05) in comparison to the same parameters of pheasants of the control K group. The pheasants of II group also had better sensory traits of meat and they achieved the highest difference of the sum of the ranks of the meat acceptability. The difference was by 15 points higher than in the control K group and 7 points higher than in meat of the pheasants I group fed with 0.2 mg/kg of selenium. Adding of organic selenium in the food of II group pheasants (0.3 mg/kg) had a positive effect on increasing the water retention capacity in breast meat by 0.75% compared to the control group, namely by 0.58% in comparison to I group. Average values of chemical parameters of meat (pH, water, fat, proteins and ash content), haematological parameters of pheasants blood (number of erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets, haemoglobin and haematocrit values) and biochemical parameters of blood serum ( glucose, enzymes AST and ALT), total protein concentration, total cholesterol albumin, triglycerides, Ca, K and Na) were within the limits of reference values for pheasants and very uniform values without significant differences among examined groups.
A Reestruturação do Espaço Urbano em Juiz de Fora a partir de Projetos Urbanos de Grande Impacto
Authors: Tasca Luciane , Do Amaral Sabrina Ferretti 
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo se insere na temática da reestruturação do espaço em cidades médias brasileiras e apresenta como principal objetivo analisar a implantação de Projetos Urbanos de relevante impacto na estrutura da cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG. Segundo perspectiva histórica, desde a década de 1970, o município vem passando por alterações significativas na sua estrutura, resultantes de sua expansão e do surgimento de novas centralidades. Destaca-se, no entanto, que desde o ano 2000, Juiz de Fora se tornou palco de Projetos Urbanos (especialmente na sua Região Sul), a partir de mudanças implementadas pela administração pública focadas no planejamento estratégico e no empresariamento urbano. Percebe-se assim, o surgimento de um novo núcleo de atratividade num processo crescente de alteração da dinâmica urbana do município. Diante da ineficiente ação por parte do poder público local, somada à falta de políticas urbanas integradas ao planejamento espacial da cidade, este trabalho se justifica por se apresentar como um meio de explorar e debater idéias que contribuam efetivamente para a qualidade urbana da cidade.

This paper is part of the issue spatial restructuring in Brazilian average cities and has as its objective to analyze the implementation of urban projects of significant impact on the structure of Juiz de Fora, MG. According to a historical perspective, since the 1970s, the city has been undergoing significant changes in its structure, resulting from its expansion and the emergence of new centers. Stands out, however, from the year 2000, Juiz de Fora became the scene of urban projects (deployed in its Southern Region), from the implemented changes by the government focused on the strategic planning and the urban enterprising: It is noticed, the rise of a new core attractiveness distinct from the others: excluding and in order to threaten the dynamic urban areas. In front of the ineficcient action from the local government, together with the lack of integrated urban policies to the spatial planning of the city, this work is justified by presenting itself as a way to explore and discuss ideas that contribute effectively to the quality of the town.
To study the cost-effectiveness of clinical screening with ultrasonography (USG) of hip for diagnosing developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in new borns
Authors: Daule Dr. Pandurang M. , Zarekar Dr. Ganesh G. , Mhaske Dr. Sunil Natha , Bhate Dr. Shreya N. 
Published: October 2021

Aim: To study the cost-effectiveness of clinical screen with ultrasonography (USG) of hip for diagnosing developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in new borns. Methods: Retrospective study (2018-20). Term new borns had (i) target scan at 6 weeks—family history of DDH or breech presentation—and (ii) early scan—abnormal clinical screen. Results: In all, 58 babies had USG scan. Five early scans (Graf’s classification; three Type IIA, one Type IIC and one Type IIIB] and 15 target scans (Type IIA) were reported abnormal. All Type IIA DDH had subsequent 12 weeks' scans normal. Babies with Type IIIB and IIC had hip reduction surgery at 6 and 16 months of age, respectively. At cost 200 INR/scan, total 147?200 INR was incurred against two possible hip replacements prevented. Conclusion: Universal clinical screen with USG of hip can aid in early diagnosis of DDH in newborns. Large population-based studies from developing countries need to look in its cost-effectiveness.
Neonatal & Paediatric Point Of Care Ultrasound (Pocus): A Novel Standard Practice
Authors: Shinde Dr. Abhijit , Dr. Sushrut Kumar  , Mhaske Dr. Sneha 
Published: October 2021

An ever expanding branch of applications have been developed for ultrasound, including its goal directed use at the bedside, often called point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). ). Although neonatologist-performed functional echocardiography has been at the frontline of the worldwide growth of POCUS, a rapidly growing body of evidence has also demonstrated the importance of non-cardiac applications, including guidance of placement of central catheterisation and lumbar puncture, endotracheal tube localisation as well as rapid estimation of the brain, lungs, bladder and bowel. Ultrasonography has become a pivotal adjunct to the care of neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); but a full appreciation for its diagnostic capabilities in the NICU is lacking.(2) Ultrasonography (USG) is no longer the exclusive domain of radiologists and cardiologists. With appropriate training, clinician performed ultrasound (CPU) is now practised widely in obstetrics, emergency medicine and adult intensive care .In many developed countries,it is standard practice in neonatology. (3) In this review, we will discuss neonatal & pediatric point of care ultrasound (POCUS) as a novel standard practice & its clinical application for assessment of the head, heart, lung, gut, bladder, for vascular line localization & for endotracheal tube placement. As new applications and adoption of point-of-care ultrasound continues to gain acceptance in paediatric and neonatal medicine throughout the world, a rapidly growing body of evidence suggests that the result will be faster, safer and more successful diagnosis and treatment of our patients.
An Investigation of Traditional Family Planning methods used by women in the Bamenda Municipality, Cameroon
Authors: Mayin Kinga , Cholong Bereynuy , Luti Florence , Dzekashu Lanyuy , Kum Nsem , Nyuykighan Mbinkar , Makougane Kungaba , Ngefor Njohyim 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Women in most sub-Saharan countries bear children at younger ages, have larger families, and make much less use of family planning. Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest rate of contraceptive use in the world. There are both modern and traditional methods of Family planning. Throughout history, the traditional family planning practices used to space children have been rich and varied.
Purpose: This work sets out to investigate the diverse traditional family planning methods used by women in the Bamenda Municipality and the determinants of their choices.
Methods: A mix of descriptive and exploratory research designs were used. The purposive sampling technique was used to identify 100, participants residing in Bamenda Municipality who were married/cohabiting, aged 21-49 years, and whose last child was ≤ 5 years old. The multinomial logit model, chi-square, frequencies, percentages, and charts were used for the analysis. An interview administered questionnaire was administered to women of childbearing age who were not on any modern contraceptive method.
Findings: Results showed that the local family planning methods used by women in the Bamenda Municipality were; withdrawal, lactational, calendar, cervical mucus, and douches methods. Other locally used products presumed by these women to help prevent conception were; bicarbonate, honey, thyme, parsley, herbs, lemon, cola drink, alakata pepper, alcohol, hot water, salt, vinegar, and whisky. Results further showed that age, age at first marriage, number of children, and the fear of side effects all significantly influenced women’s choice of withdrawal and calendar method over other methods of family planning.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the most frequently used traditional contraceptive method by women in the Bamenda Municipality are; calendar (70%), withdrawal (58%), and lactational method(45%) whose choices over other methods especially over modern methods was mostly due to the fear of side effects of the modern method. It is recommended further research be carried out to investigate and establish the efficacy of the common products used by these women.
EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE ON QUALITY SERVICE DELIVERY OF MISSION HOSPITALS IN MERU COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Mugure Mary , Rintari Nancy , Laititi Stephen 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between management structure and quality service delivery in mission hospitals in Meru County
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design and primary data was collected from respondents while secondary data was retrieved from published sources. The author used questionnaires as the data collection instrument. The target population was one hundred twenty-eight (128) respondents from the mission hospitals in Meru County of Kenya. A pilot study was conducted at Chuka mission hospital in Tharaka Nithi County to establish the reliability of the research instruments. There were eight categories of respondents indicating CEO, Finance Officer, Human Resource Manager, Customer Care Officer, Quality Assurance Officer, Patient, Supplier and Neighbor. The questionnaires were distributed to one person in each category in each hospital making a total of eight questionnaires. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and further explained using descriptive statistics and percentages to enhance understanding and presented in tables and graphs. The study utilized Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation to describe the association among the variables and establish strength of the relationship between dependent and independent variables.
Results: Inferential statistics were used to arrive at the findings where deductions and relationships were established. The findings revealed that there existed a positive relationship between management structure and quality service delivery of mission hospitals in the county as manifested by the inferential results(r = 0.339; p-value < 0.05). After carrying out regression analysis, the research indicated that management structure was insignificant in explaining quality service delivery of mission hospitals.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice:
This study recommends top management implement initiatives aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of management structure to achieve high-quality service delivery in health care provision. The study recommends a project management approach in periodic monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of management structure.