bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restricting Tumor Lactate Metabolism using Dichloroacetate Improves T Cell Functions
Authors: Rostamian Hosein , Khakpoor-Kooshe Mohammad , Jafarzadeh Leila , Masoumi Elham , Fallah-Mehrjardi Keyvan , Tavassolifar Mohammad Javad , Pawelek John M. , Mirzaei Hamid Reza , Hadjati Jamshid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background:Lactic acid produced by tumors has been shown to overcome immune surveillance, by suppressing activation and function of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. The strategies employed to impair tumor cell glycolysis could improve immunosurveillance and tumor growth regulation. Dichloroacetate (DCA) limits the tumor-derived lactic acid by altering the cancer cell metabolism.In this study, the effects of lactic acid on the activation and function of T cells, were analyzed by assessing T cell proliferation, cytokine production and the cellular redox state of T cells. We examined the redox system in T cells by analyzing the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide and glutathione and gene expression of some proteins that have role in the redox system. Then we co-cultured DCA-treated tumor cells with T cells to examine the effect of reduced tumor-derived lactic acid on proliferative response, cytokine secretion and viability of T cells. Result:We found that lactate could dampen T cell function through suppression of T cell proliferation and cytokine production as well as restrain the redox system of T cells by decreasing the production of oxidant and antioxidant molecules. DCA decreased the concentration of tumor lactate by manipulatingglucose metabolism in tumor cells. This led to increases in T cell proliferation and cytokine production and also rescued the T cells from apoptosis. Conclusion:Taken together, our results suggest accumulation of lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment restricts T cell responses and could prevent the success of T cell therapy. DCA supports anti-tumor responses of T cells by metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells.
Effects of Self-Concept on Narcissism: Mediational Role of Perceived Parenting
Authors: Farzand Maryam , Çerkez Yağmur , Baysen Engin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Increase in narcissism has been a growing concern over the years. Narcissists bring lot of negative consequences to themselves and to people around them. The present study aimed at exploring effects of perceived parenting and self-concept in the development of narcissistic traits and how adults view themselves and recollect parenting effects throughout their lives in order to guide the interventions accordingly. Method: A sample of 628 adults were taken from North Cyprus and Turkey who can comprehend and write English language. Information demographic form, Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) for perceived parenting, Six Factor Self Concept Scale (SFSCS) for self-concept and Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) for narcissism were administered for the purpose of data collection. Results: Several constituents of perceived parenting and self-concept interconnect in order to exhibit the distinctive narcissistic traits of an individual. The results of the present showed that perceived parenting specifically perceived parental involvement as well as positive parenting mediate the relationship between self-concept and narcissism among adults. The higher the involvement, the more inflated self-concept was found leading to the development of narcissistic traits. Perceived parenting received from fathers also was found to statistically significant contribution to the development of inflated self-concept and narcissism. Conclusion: It provides the basis for the therapeutic interventions to be focusing on the self-concept of narcissistic individuals along with parenting experiences. The study findings also have challenged the notion of only mothers to be responsible for narcissistic traits among their children.
The effect of intravenous ketamine and pethidine on postoperative shivering in surgical patients under general anesthesia in Tikur anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Gebeyehu Geresu , Girma Betelihem 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Postanesthesia shivering is one of the potential complications of anesthesia which may increase patient morbidity. Various methods have been employed to control postoperative shivering. This study assessed the effectiveness of prophylactic low-dose intravenous ketamine and pethidine for postoperative shivering after general anesthesia.Methods and materials: This prospective cohort study recruited 76 ASA I and II patients aged 18-65 years old and underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were grouped based on either ketamine 0.5mg/kg or pethidine 0.5 mg/kg having been administered by the anaesthetist in charge as a prophylaxis for postoperative shivering 20 minutes before completion of the surgery. The incidence and severity of postoperative shivering were compared between the two groups every 10 minutes until one hour postoperatively. The side effects of the study drugs were also compared between the two groups in the recovery room. Categorical data were analyzed with the Chi-Square test. Parametric and nonparametric data between the groups were analyzed using independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The incidence of shivering between the ketamine and pethidine groups was 11(28.2%) and 14(35.9%), respectively (p=0.467). The severity of shivering was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.893). The occurrence of nausea and vomiting and sedation attributed to the drugs was significantly less in the ketamine group (p<0.05). PACU stay duration and occurrence of hallucinations among the groups were comparable. (p>0.05)Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed administering low-dose IV ketamine (0.5mg/kg) 20 minutes before completion of surgery reduced postoperative shivering as nearly equally as pethidine. The study also showed clinically better outcomes in favor of ketamine since it was associated with fewer side effects. Thus, we recommend low-dose IV ketamine 20 minutes before completion of surgery under general anesthesia to prevent postoperative shivering.
Effects Of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 Nanoparticle-Diesel Fuel Blends on the Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine
Authors: Nouri Mohammad , Isfahani Amir Homayoon Meghdadi , Shirneshan Alireza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research investigates the effects of the addition of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 nanoparticles (30, 60, and 90 ppm) and Fe2O3-Al2O3 hybrid nanoparticles to pure diesel fuel on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. The results indicated that fuel blends improved the combustion (in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate), performance (power, fuel consumption, and thermal and exergy efficiency), and emission characteristics of the engine. The results showed that the peak combustion pressure increased by 4% and the heat release rate was improved by 15% in comparison with pure diesel with the addition of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the rate of pressure rise increased by 18% compared to pure diesel with nanoparticle additives. Based on the results, the effects of Fe2O3 fuel blends on brake power, BTE, and CO emission were more than Al2O3 fuel blends, such that it increased power and thermal efficiency by 7.40 and 14%, respectively, and reduced CO emissions by 21.2%; moreover, the blends with Al2O3 nanoparticle additives in comparison with Fe2O3 nanoparticle blends showed a better performance in reducing BSFC (9%), NOx (23.9%), and SO2 (23.4%) emissions. Overall, the Fe2O3-Al2O3 hybrid fuel blend is the best alternative if the performance and emission characteristics of the engine are both considered.
Piperine Improves Obesity By Repairing Intestinal Barrier Function And Inhibiting Fatty Acid Absorption
Authors: Wang Wenli , Zhang Yanhua , Wang Xiong , Che Huilian , Zhang Yali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCurrently, the weight loss effects of piperine have gained considerable attention; however, the underlying mechanism needs to be comprehensively elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the weight loss effects of piperine and intestinal function. Methods Eight-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were provided standard diet or HFD diet for 16 weeks. After, rats from the HFD group were divided into four group, including HFD, HFD with daily gavage with 2.7mg/kg body weight of piperine (PIP-L), 13.5mg/kg body weight of piperine (PIP-M), 27mg/kg body weight of piperine (PIP-H) for another 8 weeks. The fecal fat content, serum TG, FAA levels, jejunum structure and gene expression levels related to fatty acid absorption and barrier function in intestinal were detected. Then the Caco-2 cell was cultured to explore the effects of piperine on cell proliferation, differentiation, barrier function and fatty acid absorption.ResultsIn our study, piperine repaired the tight junction damage induced by obesity by downregulating jejunal tumor necrosis factor-α and reducing lipopolysaccharide-induced damage on intestinal cell proliferation, thus enhancing intestinal barrier function, which is beneficial in reducing chronic inflammation associated with obesity. In addition, piperine inhibited intestinal fatty acid absorption in both cellular and animal models. The underlying mechanism may be related to the downregulation of fatty acid absorption-related genes, fatty acid-binding protein 2 and cluster of differentiation 36, but not fatty acid transport protein 4.Conclusion The anti-obesity effect of piperine is related to the enhancement of intestinal barrier function and inhibition of intestinal fatty acid absorption.
Impact Of COVID-19 Lockdown On Vitreo Retina Interventions In A Tertiary Eye Care Hospital In South India- An Observational Study
Authors: Rajendran Anand , Baskaran Prabu , Jain Bhavik , Iswarya Mani 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To study the impact of nationwide lockdown imposed in view of the pandemic caused by corona virus disease (COVID) on Vitreo retina interventions (VRI) in a tertiary Vitreo retina (VR) centre in south India.Methods:Retrospective data of patients who underwent VRI during the time period spanning from a month before (pre-lockdown group) and a month after (post lockdown group) the lockdown period (lockdown group) was analysed. The VRI were sub grouped into medical (lasers and injections) and surgical. Also interventions were categorized as urgent, semi-urgent and less urgent based on national guidelines. Results:A total of 1210 patients underwent VRI during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown periods. The proportion of urgent VRI increased significantly to 26.61 % during lockdown as compared to 9.81 % and 13.15 % during pre and post-lockdown period respectively (p value <0.001, chi square test). The proportion of semi-urgent and less urgent VRI decreased significantly during the lockdown period. The median presenting best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was significantly lesser during the lockdown period. The proportion of retina interventions increased significantly (more than 3 fold) during the lockdown period as compared with cumulative non retina subspecialty interventions. Conclusion:The proportion of urgent VRI during lockdown increased with statistical significance. Our study highlights the value of VR speciality service and its critical place in any ophthalmic set up to address the various vision threatening disorders needing urgent intervention, a significant proportion of which stem from retinal pathologies.
Paternal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke alters Behavior and Gene and miRNA Expression in Offspring
Authors: ESAKKY PRABAGARAN , Drury Andrea M , Felder Paul , Medvedeva Alexandra , Moley Kelle H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cigarette smoking causes neurobehavioral disorders such as anxiety, addiction, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Smokers have higher rate (53%) of major depressive disorder than non-smokers (6%). Smokers absorb nearly 10% of nicotine from each cigarette (~10 –15 mg) and tar or CSC (cigarette smoke condensate; 5.3 mg of nicotine / ml). Exposure to nicotine in utero causes tremors and startle responses in newborns, and ADHD by age 6. However, studies that demonstrate paternal-mediated neurobehavioral changes in offspring are limited. We set out to determine whether paternal smoking alters neurobehavioral outcomes in offspring and underlying molecular mechanisms. Our male mouse model demonstrates that the CSC exposure in adult mice leads to altered emotionality, hyperactive and anxiety-like nature, reduced sensorimotor gating, and increased anxious depression in their F1 adolescents. This was preceded by dysregulation of neuronal receptors at protein and mRNA levels and their targeting miRNAs in fetal (e18.5) brain. These intergenerational molecular changes in F1 offspring seem to be mediated through CSC-altered miRNAs in F0 caudal sperm. In addition, the sub-chronic CSC treatment elevates miRNA levels in sire serum without hindering the postnatal growth of progeny. Thus, the paternal exposure to CSC causes behavioral and molecular changes in offspring possibly by altering the F0 sperm-borne miRNAs.
A reliability study of Non-uniform Si TFET with dual material source: Impact of interface trap charges and temperature
Authors: Talukdar Jagritee , Mummaneni Kavicharan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article reports the extraction of DC characteristics and small signal parameters of Non-uniform Si TFET with dual material source (NUTFET-DMS) at different frequencies followed by its reliability investigation. The reliability of the device is examined by analysing: 1) the impact of the presence of interface trap charges, 2) the impact of temperature variation (200 K- 400 K). In the analysis it has been observed that in case of absence of interface trap charges the increase in frequency reduces the value of parasitic capacitances. In addition, the presence of interface trap charges lessens the value of parasitic capacitances up to a certain gate to source voltage after that it shows a reverse effect. Further, it has been perceived that the effect of change in temperature is more on device ambipolar current when interface trap charges are present, whereas the reverse is true in the case of OFF state current and different parasitic capacitances.
Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Key Genes In Regulation Of The Tepal Trichome Development In Lilium Pumilum D.C.
Authors: Xin Yin , Pan Wenqiang , Chen Xi , Liu Yixin , Zhang Mingfang , Chen Xuqing , Yang Fengping , Li Jingru , Wu Jian , Du Yunpeng , Zhang Xiuhai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Trichome is a specialized structure found on the surface of the plant with important function in survival against abiotic and biotic stress. It is also an important economic trait in crop breeding. Extensive research has investigated the foliar trichome in model plants (Arabidopsis and tomato). However, the developmental mechanism of tepal trichome remains elusive. Lilium pumilum is an edible ornamental bulb and a good breeding parent possessing cold and salt-alkali resistance. Here, we found a natural mutant of Lilium pumilum grown on a highland whose tepals are covered by trichomes. Our data indicate that trichomes of this mutant are multicellular and branchless. Notably, stomata are also developed on the tepal of the mutant as well, suggesting there may be a correlated between trichome and stomata regulation. Furthermore, we isolated 27 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing the transcriptome profiling between the natural mutant and the wild type. These twenty-seven genes belong to four groups: epidermal cell cycle and division, trichome morphogenesis, stress response, and transcription factors. Quantitative real-time PCR in Lilium pumilum (natural mutant and the wild type) and other lily species (Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii/ trichome; Lilium davidii var. willmottiael, trichomeless) confirmed the validation of RNA-seq data and identified several trichome-related genes.
The Analysis of Ansatzes for Optical Fibers Models
Authors: PINAR Zehra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Optical fibers have a major role in the industry and daily life. To simulate the pulse propagation in optical fibers, numerous models are seen in the literature. In this work, the Kundu-Mikherjee-Naskar model and the Schrödinger equation with anti-cubic nonlinearity are considered. To solve these models, ansatz-based methods are considered and also, the problem about the determination of ansatz is replied so that it is not clear in the literature. The results of the proposed models will play a key role due to the applications in nonlinear optics, fluid dynamics, quantum mechanics and various other branches of science.
­­Medicinal Plant Use and Trade Among the Samburu People in Maralal Town, Kenya
Authors: Muithui Lucy Wamuyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The Samburu people have for the longest time used traditional knowledge on medicinal plants to treat diseases both in human and livestock due to the attributed belief of how effective they are. I set out to understand medicinal plant use and trade among the Samburu community in Maralal town. The objectives of this study were to; (1) identify and document the medicinal plants traded, (2) record the medicinal uses of identified plants, (3) document the parts of the plant used and methods of preparation. Method: I conducted market surveys and held in-depth discussions with the traders on what plant parts were used and sold and where they collected and sourced their plants. I also joined ﻿collectors in the wild and collected samples for further identification. Results: From the market surveys, a total of 24 plants species from 16 families were traded. Most of the plants were collected from Kirisia Forests Reserve and the arid shrublands within Samburu County. It was noted that Myrsine africana L., Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane & Mabb., Rhamnus staddo A.Rich., Salvadora persica L. and Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam were the most popular species with buyers. Most of the plants were used to treat multiple ailments. Stomach related problems and respiratory disorders were some of the commonly treated ailments. ﻿Conclusion: It is evident that use and trade of medicinal plant is an important economic activity in Maralal, however; overharvesting plants from the wild has contributed to some species like Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Steud (East African sandalwood) and M. africana becoming rare and scarce hence the need to establish conservation measures and sustainable exploitation.
An Energy Efficient and Bandwidth Aware Optimal Routing for IoT in Agriculture
Authors: Jain Jay Kumar , Chauhan Dipti , Jain Palash 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The agriculture that is enabled with the Internet of Things (IoT) in addition to Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN) can aid the farmers in monitoring their product along with conditions in real-time. The indispensable issues that one has to confront with WSN are Energy-saving along with effective bandwidth usage. Lately, for the amelioration of network stability together with lifetime, disparate cluster-centered solutions are modeled. Nevertheless, most techniques are merely modeled in an energy-aware manner and utilize merely a distance parameter aimed at the data communication. It is imperative for satisfying the bandwidth use of IoT. Here, a cluster-centered energy as well as bandwidth aware routing model is proposed for agriculture data on IoT-centered WSN. Optimal Clusters Head (CH) selection as well as clustering is performed on the WSN for carrying out cluster-centered Data Aggregation (DA). The novel chaos mapping and Opposition centered Learning Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (CO2GA) chooses the collection of CH as of agricultural Sensor Nodes (SN). Next, centered upon the distance betwixt the chosen CH and SN, the clusters are generated. The clusters share the data to their CH, and the Chaos key generated Advanced Encryption Standard with Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (CKAES-RSA) algorithm encrypt the aggregated data of CH. Lastly, the encrypted data of IoT data are shared with the Base Stations (BS) or Sink Node (Sn) by means of the optimal routing. Aimed at Optimal Route Selection (ORS), the paper utilizes a Deep Learning (DL) approach, explicitly crossover and mutation-based optimal Multi-Layer Perceptrons (CM-OMLP), which computes the fitness of hidden layer by regarding energy, bandwidth, trust, delay, along with congestion level. The proposed encryption and routing mechanism’s results are weighted against the first-rate techniques. The proposed work achieves the highest level of security aimed at the IoT data and fulfills the QoS requirements regarding packet delivery, throughput, delay, along with Network LifeTimes (NLT).
Gut Microbiota Alteration Influences Colorectal Cancer Metastasis to the Liver By Remodeling the Liver Immune Microenvironment
Authors: yuan na , Li Xiaoyan , Wang Meng , Zhang Zhilin , Qiao Lu , Gao Yamei , Xu Xinjian , Zhi Jie , Li Yang , Li Zhongxin , Jia Yitao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The gut microbiota regulates the liver immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer (CRC) through gut-liver axis. Kupffer cells (KCs) contribute significantly to the formation of pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) for CRC liver metastasis. The aim of our study was to explore the effect of gut microbiota regulating KCs in CRC liver metastasis. Results: Mice treated with different antibiotics were divided into Control group, vancomycin (Vanc) group, colistin (Coli) group, and a group of ampicillin, streptomycin and colistin (ASC). Fewer liver metastases were identified in mice in the ASC group and Coli group than in those in the Control group (P = 0.003, P = 0.041, respectively). An increased proportion of Parabacteroides_goldsteinii, Bacteroides_vulgatus, Bacteroides_ thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides_uniformis in mice of the Coli group were observed in 16S rDNA sequencing. Consistent with the Tax4Fun functional prediction, a prominent expansion of hepatic KCs was identified in mice in the ASC and Coli groups compared to those in the Control group (P = 0.001, P = 0.038, separately). Meanwhile, Bacteroides_vulgatus was a positive correlation with KCs contents (P = 0.011, r = 0.705). On the other hand, more liver metastases were observed in mice of the Vanc group than those in the Control group (P = 0.028). An increased abundance of Parabacteroides_distasonis, Proteus_mirabilis and a remarkable reduction of hepatic KCs were observed in mice in the Vanc group (P = 0.027). Pearson correlation analysis showed Proteus_mirabilis was a negative related to KCs contents (P = 0.028, r = 0.632). Conclusions: An increased abundance of Proteus_mirabilis and a decreased abundance of Bacteroides_vulgatus may be a key factor in CRC liver metastasis, which may be related to the reduction of KCs in the liver.