bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complement Activation Dramatically Accelerates Blood Plasma Fouling On Antifouling Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Brush Surfaces
Authors: Riedel Tomáš , de los Santos Pereira Andres , Táborská Johanka , Riedelová Zuzana , Pop‐Georgievski Ognen , Májek Pavel , Pečánková Klára , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNon‐specific protein adsorption (fouling) triggers a number of deleterious events in the application of biomaterials. Antifouling polymer brushes successfully suppress fouling, however for some coatings an extremely high variability of fouling for different donors remains unexplained. The authors report that in the case of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) this variability is due to the complement system activation that causes massive acceleration in the fouling kinetics of blood plasma. Using plasma from various donors, the fouling kinetics on poly(HEMA) is analyzed and correlated with proteins identified in the deposits on the surface and with the biochemical compositions of the plasma. The presence of complement components in fouling deposits and concentrations of C3a in different plasmas indicate that the alternative complement pathway plays a significant role in the fouling on poly(HEMA) through the “tick‐over” mechanism of spontaneous C3 activation. The generated C3b binds to the poly(HEMA) surface and amplifies complement activation locally. Heat‐inactivated plasma prevents accelerated fouling kinetics, confirming the central role of complement activation. The results highlight the need to take into account the variability between individuals when assessing interactions between biomaterials and blood plasma, as well as the importance of the mechanistic insight that can be gained from protein identification.
Multi‐level multi‐leaf collimators: Optimization of layer thicknesses and a feasibility study
Authors: Morrow Andrew , Trisnadi Nickolas , Chung Heeteak 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe function of multi‐leaf collimators (MLC) is to modulate and shape the intensity of a radiotherapy beam by either blocking or unblocking beamlets. A variation on this functionality is tested in this work wherein the MLC is split into layers, with each layer attenuating the beam by a different amount. In this design, full blocking of a beamlet occurs only if all layers are blocked. This work suggests that such a device, a multi‐layer MLC (MLMLC), can deliver dose distributions like a single layer MLC can deliver while requiring less time and monitor units (MU)MethodsOptimal fluences were made for prostate plans using the Eclipse v13.6. An algorithm was developed to create step‐and‐shoot MLMLC patterns to match these optimal fluences when using up to six layers of MLC. Twelve MLMLC plans were made in total. These patterns were imported back into Eclipse as equivalent tungsten compensators and doses were calculated. Dose‐volume histogram (DVH) values, total monitor units (MU), and total time to deliver were compared between arc‐style MLMLC plans and nine‐field step and shoot IMRT plans created completely in Eclipse using a single layer MLC.ResultsWhen using three or more layers, specified DVH values between the two sets agreed to within 5% while requiring roughly half as much time to deliver and about 20% fewer MU.ConclusionsDemonstrated that having multi‐layer MLC can deliver dose distributions like a single layer MLC with less time and monitor units.
Rigid motion‐resolved prediction using deep learning for real‐time parallel‐transmission pulse design
Authors: Plumley Alix , Watkins Luke , Treder Matthias , Liebig Patrick , Murphy Kevin , Kopanoglu Emre 
Published: December 2021

PurposeTailored parallel‐transmit (pTx) pulses produce uniform excitation profiles at 7 T, but are sensitive to head motion. A potential solution is real‐time pulse redesign. A deep learning framework is proposed to estimate pTx distributions following within‐slice motion, which can then be used for tailored pTx pulse redesign.MethodsUsing simulated data, conditional generative adversarial networks were trained to predict distributions in the head following a displacement. Predictions were made for two virtual body models that were not included in training. Predicted maps were compared with ground‐truth (simulated, following motion) B1 maps. Tailored pTx pulses were designed using B1 maps at the original position (simulated, no motion) and evaluated using simulated B1 maps at displaced position (ground‐truth maps) to quantify motion‐related excitation error. A second pulse was designed using predicted maps (also evaluated on ground‐truth maps) to investigate improvement offered by the proposed method.ResultsPredicted maps corresponded well with ground‐truth maps. Error in predicted maps was lower than motion‐related error in 99% and 67% of magnitude and phase evaluations, respectively. Worst‐case flip‐angle normalized RMS error due to motion (76% of target flip angle) was reduced by 59% when pulses were redesigned using predicted maps.ConclusionWe propose a framework for predicting maps online with deep neural networks. Predicted maps can then be used for real‐time tailored pulse redesign, helping to overcome head motion–related error in pTx.
SOG1, a plant‐specific master regulator of DNA damage responses, originated from nonvascular land plants
Authors: Sakamoto Ayako N. , Sakamoto Tomoaki , Yokota Yuichiro , Teranishi Mika , Yoshiyama Kaoru O. , Kimura Seisuke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe suppressor of gamma response 1 (SOG1), a NAM, ATAF1, 2, and CUC2 (NAC)‐type transcription factor found in seed plants, is a master regulator of DNA damage responses (DDRs). Upon DNA damage, SOG1 regulates the expression of downstream DDR genes. To know the origin of the DDR network in land plants, we searched for a homolog(s) of SOG1 in a moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens and identified PpSOG1a and PpSOG1b. To assess if either or both of them function(s) in DDR, we knocked out the PpSOG1s using CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene editing and analyzed the responses to DNA‐damaging treatments. The double‐knockout (KO) sog1a sog1b plants showed resistance to γ‐rays, bleomycin, and ultraviolet B (UVB) treatments similarly seen in Arabidopsis sog1 plants. Next, we irradiated wild‐type (WT) and KO plants with γ‐rays and analyzed the whole transcriptome to examine the effect on the expression of DDR genes. The results revealed that many P. patens genes involved in the checkpoint, DNA repair, replication, and cell cycle‐related genes were upregulated after γ‐irradiation, which was not seen in sog1a sog1b plant. These results suggest that PpSOG1a and PpSOG1b work redundantly on DDR response in P. patens; in addition, plant‐specific DDR systems had been established before the emergence of vascular plants.
BLI‐MS: Combining biolayer interferometry and mass spectrometry
Authors: Jung Vincent , Roger Kévin , Chhuon Cerina , Pannetier Louise , Lipecka Joanna , Gomez Josué Sulub , Chappert Pascal , Charbit Alain , Guerrera Ida Chiara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiolayer interferometry (BLI) is a technology which allows to study the affinity between two interacting macro‐molecules and to visualize their kinetic of interaction in real time. In this work, we combine BLI interaction measurement with mass spectrometry in order to identify the proteins interacting with the bait. We provide for the first time the proof of concept of the feasibility of BLI‐MS in complex biological mixtures.
FLASH radiotherapy: Research process from basic experimentation to clinical application
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Luo Hui , Zheng Xiaoli , Ge Hong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFLASH radiotherapy (FLASH‐RT) has gained attention as an ultra‐high dose rate RT in recent years. This treatment significantly shortens the time of RT and reduces the influence of tumor movement caused by breathing or other factors. In addition, it spares the surrounding normal tissues and organs while ensuring the anti‐tumor effect. With the efforts of scientific researchers and clinical staff, the FLASH effect has been successfully induced in electron, photon, and proton irradiation. Preliminary research has been carried out to explore its related mechanism. However, this has not yet been fully determined, although oxygen depletion was the proposed primary mechanism discovered. Due to the development of immunotherapy, studies on the involvement of the immune system in the FLASH effect have begun to attract attention. This study reviewed published experimental results to analyze and summarize the feasibility of FLASH‐RT widely used in clinical practice, and whether it could be combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors to guide therapy.
An adaptive torus‐event‐based controller design for networked T‐S fuzzy systems under deception attacks
Authors: Zhu Shuangxin , Tian Engang , Xu Donghui , Liu Jinliang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the adaptive torus‐event‐based control problem for a class of networked Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy systems under deception attacks. Due to the inherent openness of the network, the inevitable deception attacks in the networked T‐S fuzzy systems always appear randomly. The occurrence of deception attacks is successfully described by using a binary stochastic variable with known statistical characteristics. Under the considered adaptive torus‐event‐based communication mechanism, fuzzy controllers are constructed to guarantee the asymptotically mean‐square stability (AMSS) and the index of the networked T‐S fuzzy systems under deception attacks. To design the desired fuzzy controllers, a unified framework of the networked T‐S fuzzy systems is first established via the adaptive torus‐event‐based communication mechanism, the mathematical model of deception attacks, and the asynchronous premise technology. By utilizing the extended Lyapunov function, the sufficient conditions are simultaneously derived to address the AMSS and the disturbance suppression issues of closed‐loop control systems. Subsequently, the adaptive torus‐event‐based fuzzy controller gains are calculated via linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a simulation example concerning the tunnel circuit system is established to verify the availability and reliability of the proposed control mechanism.
Optimal stealthy attack against stochastic event‐based scheduling for remote state estimation in cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Song Yunbo , Ye Dan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article concentrates on security issues of stochastic event‐based (SEB) sensor scheduling in cyber‐physical systems (CPSs). An SEB attack mechanism is proposed to compromise remote state estimation, in which the attacker can jam the feedback channel and inject false acknowledgments. Based on the Gaussian assumption, the minimum mean square error estimator under the SEB attack is obtained utilizing Bayes' theorem. In this article, the SEB attack stealthiness is composed of communication ratio invariance and anomaly detection invisibility with the forward channel. Furthermore, a double stealthy attack condition is given to complete persistent attacks from the perspective of the attacker. Aiming at maximizing average error covariances on the remote estimator, we design a generation algorithm of optimal SEB stealthy attack sequence and prove its optimality by rearrangement inequality and mathematical induction. Finally, the scalar and networked dc motor vector system simulations illustrate the corresponding theoretical results.
Amorphous/Crystalline Heterophase Ruthenium Nanosheets for pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xu Jie , Kong Xiangkai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo design and synthesize heterophase noble‐metal materials is of crucial importance owing to their unique structure and apparent properties. Ruthenium (Ru) is one of the most active candidates for hydrogen evolution reaction because of its low price compared with other precious metals, which is favorable for industrial hydrogen cycle operation. In this study, free‐standing amorphous/crystalline Ru nanosheets are facilely synthesized through a controlled annealing method. Charge redistribution occurs at the phase interface because of the work function difference between amorphous and crystalline domains. The resulting structure and property are conductive to the adsorption and dissociation of water molecules, associated with optimized hydrogen interaction and enhanced binding between Ru atoms. Accordingly, electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the amorphous/crystalline heterophase Ru exhibits improved hydrogen evolution efficiency as compared with pure amorphous Ru and pure crystalline Ru, at pH‐universal conditions. Specifically, only 16.7 mV overpotential is required to reach 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH. Meanwhile, the heterophase structure displays a higher stability during operation than pure amorphous and crystalline structures. This study demonstrates the importance of phase engineering, broadens the Ru‐based material family, and provides more insights for developing efficient metal materials.
Hexanuclear Niobium Cluster Iodides with Pyridine Ligands – Temperature Induced Auto‐Oxidation
Authors: Schröder Florian , Köckerling Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe cluster compounds [Nb6I8Py6] and [Nb6I8Py6]I ⋅ 9Py, both with octahedral Nb6 metal atom cores, were obtained from the reaction of [Nb6I11] with pyridine (Py). Both compounds are rare examples of iodide supported hexanuclear cluster compounds, which are obtained through solvent‐based chemical reactions. The Nb6 cluster core is surrounded by μ3‐bridging iodido and apical‐bonded pyridine ligands. [Nb6I8Py6] contains 22 cluster‐based electrons (CBE's), whereas [Nb6I8Py6]I ⋅ 9Py is the oxidized version with 21 CBE's. The oxidation happens just by lowering the temperature from room temperature to −20 °C of the same starting materials as used for [Nb6I8Py6]. The structures of the two cluster compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Modular invariant holographic correlators for $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM with general gauge group
Authors: Alday Luis F. , Chester Shai M. , Hansen Tobias 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the stress tensor four-point function for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM with gauge group G = SU(N), SO(2N + 1), SO(2N) or USp(2N) at large N . When G = SU(N), the theory is dual to type IIB string theory on AdS5× S5 with complexified string coupling τs, while for the other cases it is dual to the orbifold theory on AdS5× S5/ℤ2. In all cases we use the analytic bootstrap and constraints from localization to compute 1-loop and higher derivative tree level corrections to the leading supergravity approximation of the correlator. We give perturbative evidence that the localization constraint in the large N and finite complexified coupling τ limit can be written for each G in terms of Eisenstein series that are modular invariant in terms of τs ∝ τ, which allows us to fix protected terms in the correlator in that limit. In all cases, we find that the flat space limit of the correlator precisely matches the type IIB S-matrix. We also find a closed form expression for the SU(N) 1-loop Mellin amplitude with supergravity vertices. Finally, we compare our analytic predictions at large N and finite τ to bounds from the numerical bootstrap in the large N regime, and find that they are not saturated for any G and any τ , which suggests that no physical theory saturates these bootstrap bounds.
Odd dimensional analogue of the Euler characteristic
Authors: Borsten L. , Duff M. J. , Nagy S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When compact manifolds X and Y are both even dimensional, their Euler characteristics obey the Künneth formula χ(X × Y) = χ(X)χ(Y). In terms of the Betti numbers bp(X), χ(X) = Σp(−1)pbp(X), implying that χ(X) = 0 when X is odd dimensional. We seek a linear combination of Betti numbers, called ρ, that obeys an analogous formula ρ(X × Y) = χ(X)ρ(Y) when Y is odd dimensional. The unique solution is ρ(Y) = − Σp(−1)ppbp(Y). Physical applications include: (1) ρ → (−1)mρ under a generalized mirror map in d = 2m + 1 dimensions, in analogy with χ → (−1)mχ in d = 2m; (2) ρ appears naturally in compactifications of M-theory. For example, the 4-dimensional Weyl anomaly for M-theory on X4× Y7 is given by χ(X4)ρ(Y7) = ρ(X4× Y7) and hence vanishes when Y7 is self-mirror. Since, in particular, ρ(Y × S1) = χ(Y), this is consistent with the corresponding anomaly for Type IIA on X4× Y6, given by χ(X4)χ(Y6) = χ(X4× Y6), which vanishes when Y6 is self-mirror; (3) In the partition function of p-form gauge fields, ρ appears in odd dimensions as χ does in even.
The perfect cone compactification of quotients of type IV domains
Authors: Giovenzana Luca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe perfect cone compactification is a toroidal compactification which can be defined for locally symmetric varieties. Let $$\overline{D_{L}/\widetilde{O}^{+}(L)}^{p}$$

D
L

/

O
~

+

(
L
)

¯

p

be the perfect cone compactification of the quotient of the type IV domain $$D_{L}$$

D
L

associated to an even lattice L. In our main theorem we show that the pair $${ (\overline{D_{L}/\widetilde{O}^{+}(L)}^{p}, \Delta /2) }$$

(

D
L

/

O
~

+

(
L
)

¯

p

,
Δ
/
2
)

has klt singularities, where $$\Delta $$
Δ
is the closure of the branch divisor of $${ D_{L}/\widetilde{O}^{+}(L) }$$

D
L

/

O
~

+

(
L
)

. In particular this applies to the perfect cone compactification of the moduli space of 2d-polarised K3 surfaces with ADE singularities when d is square-free.
Residential choice from a multiple criteria sustainable perspective
Authors: Liern V. , Pérez-Gladish B. , Rubiera-Morollón F. , M’Zali B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMinimizing travel in the urban environment facilitates the development of sustainable cities. A key aspect is that there is a wide supply of amenities and facilities in the neighbourhoods: if most of the needs of families, goods and services can be covered from the sub-centers of the residential areas, it will be possible to reduce daily intra-urban mobility. The objective of this work is to propose a ranking multicriteria method that facilitates the choice of an ideal residential location in terms of neighbourhood characteristics, especially in the search of sustainable mobility for each family characteristics. One of the main problems in several Multiple Criteria Decision Making methods is the assignment of criteria weights in the aggregation process. The proposed methodology in this paper, Un-weighted TOPSIS (UW-TOPSIS) is able to overcome that problem. In this Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method the relative proximity of each decision alternative to an ideal solution is minimized for the un-known weights of the criteria which are the variables in the corresponding mathematical programming program. Thus, a ranking based on the relative proximity of each alternative to an ideal alternative is obtained without the a priori establishment of the criteria weights. The use of subjective weights in real decision making contexts, where for instance a ranking of alternatives is required, is subject to important criticisms. This could be the case of the ranking of neighbourhoods based on their sustainability.
Eidetic Variation: a Self-Correcting and Integrative Account
Authors: Belt Jaakko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEdmund Husserl’s eidetic phenomenology seeks a priori knowledge of essences and eidetic laws pertaining to conscious experience and its objects. Husserl believes that such eidetic knowledge has a higher epistemic status than the inherently fallible empirical knowledge, but a closer reading of his work shows that even eidetic claims are subject to error and open to modification. In this article, I develop a self-correcting account of Husserl’s method of eidetic variation, arguing that eidetic variation plays a critical role in both challenging and improving upon the eidetic results in phenomenology. More specifically, I argue that the self-correcting account of eidetic variation 1) is consistent with Husserl’s own formulations of his eidetic methodology and epistemic principles; 2) captures the dual epistemic function of eidetic variation as means for both testing and intuitively validating eidetic claims; and 3) offers methodological support for contemporary attempts to integrate eidetic variation with non-eidetic methods and resources. To substantiate these claims, I first contrast the self-correcting account with the falsificationist interpretations of eidetic variation. Then, I turn to three applications of eidetic variation in order to examine how eidetic phenomenology could draw from real-life deviations, artificial variations, and critical–historical reflection. The goal is to lay the methodological groundwork for a self-correcting and integrative account of eidetic variation and illustrate its usefulness in research practice.
The process of problem posing: development of a descriptive phase model of problem posing
Authors: Baumanns Lukas , Rott Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop a descriptive phase model for problem-posing activities based on structured situations. For this purpose, 36 task-based interviews with pre-service primary and secondary mathematics teachers working in pairs who were given two structured problem-posing situations were conducted. Through an inductive-deductive category development, five types of activities (situation analysis, variation, generation, problem-solving, evaluation) were identified. These activities were coded in so-called episodes, allowing time-covering analyses of the observed processes. Recurring transitions between these episodes were observed, through which a descriptive phase model was derived. In addition, coding of the developed episode types was validated for its interrater agreement.
The mitochondrial DNA constitution shaping T-cell immunity in patients with rectal cancer at high risk of metastatic progression
Authors: Bousquet P. A. , Meltzer S. , Fuglestad A. J. , Lüders T. , Esbensen Y. , Juul H. V. , Johansen C. , Lyckander L. G. , Bjørnetrø T. , Inderberg E. M. , Kersten C. , Redalen K. R. , Ree A. H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
A significant percentage of colorectal cancer patients proceeds to metastatic disease. We hypothesised that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms, generated by the high mtDNA mutation rate of energy-demanding clonal immune cell expansions and assessable in peripheral blood, reflect how efficiently systemic immunity impedes metastasis.

Patients and methods
We studied 44 rectal cancer patients from a population-based prospective biomarker study, given curative-intent neoadjuvant radiation and radical surgery for high-risk tumour stage and followed for metastatic failure. Blood specimens were sampled at the time of diagnosis and analysed for the full-length mtDNA sequence, composition of immune cell subpopulations and damaged serum mtDNA.

Results
Whole blood total mtDNA variant number above the median value for the study cohort, coexisting with an mtDNA non-H haplogroup, was representative for the mtDNA of circulating immune cells and associated with low risk of a metastatic event. Abundant mtDNA variants correlated with proliferating helper T cells and cytotoxic effector T cells in the circulation. Patients without metastatic progression had high relative levels of circulating tumour-targeting effector T cells and, of note, the naïve (LAG-3+) helper T-cell population, with the proportion of LAG-3+ cells inversely correlating with cell-free damaged mtDNA in serum known to cause antagonising inflammation.

Conclusion
Numerous mtDNA polymorphisms in peripheral blood reflected clonal expansion of circulating helper and cytotoxic T-cell populations in patients without metastatic failure. The statistical associations suggested that patient’s constitutional mtDNA manifests the helper T-cell capacity to mount immunity that controls metastatic susceptibility.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01816607; registration date: 22 March 2013.