bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark Energy Survey Y3 results: blending shear and redshift biases in image simulations
Authors: MacCrann N , Becker M R , McCullough J , Amon A , Gruen D , Jarvis M , Choi A , Troxel M A , Sheldon E , Yanny B , Herner K , Dodelson S , Zuntz J , Eckert K , Rollins R P , Varga T N , Bernstein G M , Gruendl R A , Harrison I , Hartley W G , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Pieres A , Bridle S L , Myles J , Alarcon A , Everett S , Sánchez C , Huff E M , Tarsitano F , Gatti M , Secco L F , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Allam S , Annis J , Bacon D , Bertin E , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Costanzi M , Crocce M , Pereira M E S , De Vicente J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Dietrich J P , Doel P , Eifler T F , Ferrero I , Ferté A , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gerdes D W , Giannantonio T , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Lahav O , Lima M , Maia M A G , March M , Marshall J L , Martini P , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Mohr J J , Morgan R , Muir J , Ogando R L C , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas A A , Rodriguez-Monroy M , Roodman A , Samuroff S , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Serrano S , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , To C , Wilkinson R D ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
As the statistical power of galaxy weak lensing reaches per cent level precision, large, realistic, and robust simulations are required to calibrate observational systematics, especially given the increased importance of object blending as survey depths increase. To capture the coupled effects of blending in both shear and photometric redshift calibration, we define the effective redshift distribution for lensing, nγ(z), and describe how to estimate it using image simulations. We use an extensive suite of tailored image simulations to characterize the performance of the shear estimation pipeline applied to the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 data set. We describe the multiband, multi-epoch simulations, and demonstrate their high level of realism through comparisons to the real DES data. We isolate the effects that generate shear calibration biases by running variations on our fiducial simulation, and find that blending-related effects are the dominant contribution to the mean multiplicative bias of approximately $-2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. By generating simulations with input shear signals that vary with redshift, we calibrate biases in our estimation of the effective redshift distribution, and demonstrate the importance of this approach when blending is present. We provide corrected effective redshift distributions that incorporate statistical and systematic uncertainties, ready for use in DES Year 3 weak lensing analyses.
Relapsing polychondritis or relapsing polychondritis-like symptoms associated with IgG4-RD. Case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Gallo Jesica Romina , Schmid Maria Marcela , Yanzi Josefina Gallino , Paira Sergio Oscar 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare systemic disorder characterised by recurrent, widespread chondritis of the auricular, nasal, and tracheal cartilages. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic immune-mediated disease characterised by the infiltration of IgG4-bearing plasma cells into systemic organs. However, 25–35% of patients with RP have a concurrent autoimmune disease. The coexistence of RP and IgG4 is rare considering that, to the best of our knowledge, there are only four previous reports of RP or RP-like symptoms associated with IgG4-RD. We herein report two cases which could be RP or RP-like symptoms associated with IgG4-RD.
Prognostic implications of epidermal and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alterations in 2 cohorts of IDHwt glioblastoma
Authors: Alnahhas Iyad , Rayi Appaji , Guillermo Prieto Eibl Maria del Pilar , Ong Shirley , Giglio Pierre , Puduvalli Vinay 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma remains a deadly brain cancer with dismal prognosis. Genetic alterations, including IDH mutations, 1p19q co-deletion status and MGMT promoter methylation have been proven to be prognostic and predictive to response to treatment in gliomas. In this manuscript, we aimed to correlate other mutations and genetic alterations with various clinical endpoints in patients with IDH-wild-type (IDHwt) glioblastoma.

Methods
We compiled a comprehensive clinically annotated database of IDHwt GBM patients treated at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center for whom we had mutational data through a CLIA-certified genomic laboratory. We then added data that is publicly available from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center through cBioPortal. Each of the genetic alterations (mutations, deletions, and amplifications) served as a variable in univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
A total of 175 IDHwt GBM patients with available MGMT promoter methylation data from both cohorts were included in the analysis. As expected, MGMT promoter methylation was significantly associated with improved overall survival (OS). Median OS for MGMT promoter methylated and unmethylated GBM was 26.5 and 18 months, respectively (HR 0.45; P = .003). Moreover, EGFR/ERBB alterations were associated with favorable outcome (HR of 0.37 (P = .003), but only in MGMT promoter unmethylated GBM. We further found that patients with EGFR/ERBB alterations who also harbored PDGFRA amplification had a significantly worse outcome (HR 7.89; P = .025).

Conclusions
Our data provide further insight into the impact of genetic alterations on various clinical outcomes in IDHwt GBM in 2 cohorts of patients with detailed clinical information and inspire new therapeutic strategies for IDHwt GBM.
Adult skills and labor market conditions during teenage years: cross-country evidence from international surveys
Authors: Haraldsvik By Marianne , Strøm Bjarne 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Do individuals finishing compulsory school in economic downturns end up with higher skills in adulthood than comparable individuals that finish compulsory school in economic upturns? This article answers this question by exploring data on country unemployment rates combined with individual data on educational attainment and adult skills in numeracy and literacy from the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies. We find that completed education is countercyclical, and the same pattern is found for adult skills in numeracy and literacy. The results are fairly robust across different model specifications including fixed country and cohort effects and country-specific cohort trends. The results indicate that the labor market conditions at the time when young people make crucial educational decisions have long-lasting effect on skills and potential earnings in adulthood.
National survey of paediatric vision screening programs across Canada: Identifying major gaps and call to action
Authors: Jindani Yasmin , Nash Dallas , Fleming Natalie , Sabri Kourosh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
Paediatric vision screening programs identify children with ocular abnormalities who would benefit from treatment by an eye care professional. A questionnaire was conducted to assess existence and uptake of school-based vision screening programs across Canada. A supplementary questionnaire was distributed among Ontario’s public health units to determine implementation of government mandated vision screening for senior kindergarten children.

Methods
Chief Medical Officers of Health for each province and territory, and Ontario’s thirty-four public health units were sent a questionnaire to determine: 1) whether school-based vision screening is being implemented; 2) what age groups are screened; 3) personnel used for vision screening; 4) the type of training provided for vision screening personnel; and 5) vision screening tests performed.

Results
Of the thirteen provinces/territories in Canada, six perform some form of school-based vision screening. Two provinces rely solely on non-school-based programs offering eligible children an eye examination by an optometrist and three rely on ocular assessment conducted by a nurse at well-child visits. In Ontario, where since 2018 vision screening for all senior kindergarten students is government mandated, only seventeen public health jurisdictions are implementing universal vision screening programs using a variety of personnel ranging from food safety workers to optometrists.

Conclusion
Good vision is key to physical and emotional development. There is an urgent need for a universal, evidence-based and cost-effective multidisciplinary approach to standardize paediatric vision screening across Canada and break down barriers preventing children from accessing eye care.
A Histomorphometric Study of the Effect of Monosodium Glutamate on the Ileum of Adult Male Albino Rats and the Possible Protective role of Vitamin E
Authors: Aly Heba Mahmoud , Hafez Kawther Ahmed , Abdel Aal Iman Hussein , Abdel Aal Youssef Shoukry , Adel Saad Shereen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely used food-additives in commercial foods. Its application has increased over time and it is found in many different ingredients and processed foods obtainable in every market or grocery store. Besides its flavor enhancing effects, MSG has been associated with various forms of toxicity.

Aim of the work
The aim of the present work was to determine the effect of monosodium glutamate on the histology of the ileum of the adult male albino rats and evaluate the protective effect of vitamin E.

Material and methods
30 Adult male albino rats were assigned randomly into three groups; control group, it was further subdivided into three subgroups (IA received no treatment, IB received 2 ml olive oil/day, and IC received 400 IU/kg. BW of Vitamin E dissolved in 2 ml olive oil once daily), MSG group (rats fed 2mg/kg. BW of MSG once daily, orally), and vitamin E treated group (rats fed MSG and received concomitant 400 IU/kg/day vitamin E orally). Weight of rats were measured at the start & end of experiment. At the end of experiment (15 days), rats were euthanized, and ileal specimens were processed into paraffin blocks for light microscopic examination and other specimens were processed into scanning electron microscopic examination. Morphometric study and statistical analysis were done.

Results
The present work demonstrated that MSG induced several histopathological changes of the ileum. Broad, fused villi sloughed epithelial cells and pronounced increase in the number of goblet cells. Massive lymphocyte infiltration and hemorrhage was noticed in the lamina propria. Enterocytes lining crypts showed cytoplasmic vacuolation, pale nuclear staining and loss of demarcation between adjacent cells. Increased villus width, goblet cell and lymphocytes numbers was demonstrated by histomorphometry. Vitamin E treated group showed histopathological findings mostly normalized compared with MSG group. Width and length of villi was reduced, enterocytes appeared healthy and well arranged, reduced inflammatory cell infiltrate and vascular congestion and decreased number of goblet cells was observed.

Conclusion
The present results demonstrated deleterious effects of MSG on the structure of the mucosa of the ileum. It also suggested a novel and favorable protective effect of vitamin E on mucosa of the ileum.
Effect of Hypercholesterolemia on Retina of Adult and Aged Male Albino Rat: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Abou Sehly Reem Abdelaziz , Sayed Rady Hagar Yousry , Ibrahim Kamal Asaad , Abdel Gawad Fayza Abdel-Raouf , Nadim Hany Shawky 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Age related degeneration (ARD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness among old people. Epidemiologic studies have suggested that nutritional parameters such as dietary fat and cholesterol may play a role in the pathogenesis of retinal degeneration. High intake of saturated fat and cholesterol is correlated with a higher risk for early ARD which occurs either directly or through the promotion of vascular pathology.

Aim of the work
was to evaluate the early histological and immunohistochemical changes of the retina, induced by hypercholesterolemia in adult male albino rat and comparing these changes with similar results in aged male albino rat and to apply a comparative lipid profile biochemical study between the different groups.

Materials and methods
Forty male albino Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. They were divided into four groups, ten rats per each; Group I: control adult: aged 3-6 months and group II: control aged: aged 24 months were fed on standard diet, Group III: adult hypercholesterolemic group and group IV: aged hypercholesterolemic group were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet which consisted of the same ingredients of the standard diet except for the cellulose was reduced to (4%) with addition of cholesterol (1%) for duration of 6 weeks. At the end, retinal specimens were collected and processed for light microscopic and immunohistochemical examination.

Results
The aged rats showed marked disruption of the normal histological architecture of retina and affection of each individual retinal layer. Hypercholesterolemia markedly affected the adult rat retina and aggravated the aged retina. The affected retinae showed marked thinning of the retinal thickness, disorganization of the cell within the neuronal cell layer with decreased number of the cells within ganglion-cell layer. Immunohistochemistry revealed significant increase in retinal reactivity to glial fibrillary acidic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor, caspase 3 and nitric oxide synthase by aging and hyperlipidaemia.

Conclusion
The present work suggested that hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor that can accelerates aging of healthy adult retina producing age related retinal degeneration.
Prognostic Value of Troponin I with Echocardiography Assessment in Septic Patients
Authors: Ibrahim Sherif Farouk , Elagmy Ashraf Elsayed , Abdelsabour Abdelrhman Gamal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is heterogenous with regard to factors such as causal microorganism, patient predisposition, co-morbidity and response to therapy, a key element and unifying feature is the manifestation of cardiovascular dysfunction. Elevated concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) are frequently observed in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock even in the absence of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Objective
To evaluate the prognostic value of (cTnI) with echocardiography assessment in septic patients.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted at the intensive care units of Ain Shams university hospitals. 20 patients of both sexes with age ranging from 18 to 70 years diagnosed with sepsis admitted to Intensive care unit were included in prospective observational study.

Results
Baseline cTnI had a significant positive correlation with follow up troponine (p = 0.0016).
Baseline EF had a significant negative correlation with follow up troponine (p = 0.036). Using ROC-curve analysis, troponin level at a cutoff point (&gt;1.9) predicted patients with mortality, with good (87%) accuracy, sensitivity= 90% and specificity= 90% (p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Elevated concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) are frequently observed in patients with sepsis and septic shock even in the absence of an acute coronary syndrome.
Comparison of Haloperidol versus Midazolam for Prevention of Sevoflurane Emergence Agitation in Pediatric patients undergoing Inguinal Surgeries
Authors: El-Shahawy Dalia Tarek Ali Ahmed , Mahmoud Zaki Mohamed Sidky , Ibrahim Dalia Ahmed , El Sayed Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Emergence agitation (EA) in children early after sevoflurane anaesthesia is a common postoperative problem, with incidence ranging up to 80%, It is characterized by behavior that can include crying, disorientation, excitation and delirium, several drugs have been tried in this regard including but not limited to propofol, midazolam, ketamine and ketorolac among other drugs.

Aim of the Work
To compare the effect of intravenous Midazolam vs intravenous Haloperidol & in prevention of Sevoflurane Emergence Agitation in pediatric patients undergoing Inguinal Surgeries.

Patients and Methods
This prospective randomized study was done after approval of institutional ethics committee in Ain Shams university Hospitals for 6 months and obtaining an informed written consent from parents. It was designed to include sixty-two pediatric patients, aged 3 to 12 years of both genders, with physical status ASA Ι and ASA ІІ. All surgical procedures were elective of an expected duration of 30 - 60 minutes e.g. inguinal hernia repair, hydrocele, orcheopexy under general anesthesia and caudal block to relief pain. All operations were performed in supine position.

Results
Our study was applied on age group between 3- 12 years old Haloperidol was associated with 24% EA and was also associated with significant delay in eye opening and time till discharge from PACU when compared to Midazolam.

Conclusion
I.V Midazolam is more efficient than I.V Haloperidol for prevention of Sevoflurane Emergence agitation in pediatric patients undergoing inguinal surgeries.
The Effect of Depth of Anaesthesia on the Severity of Mitral Insufficiency by Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Fahmy Nabila Mohamed Abd El Aziz , Hussein Wael Reda , Al Hanash Ehab Essam Khamis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) is complex and complicated by the dynamic nature of this valvular abnormality. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a well-established tool that is used to assess the mitral regurgitation (MR) before and after mitral valve reconstruction.

Objectives
This study conducted in the National Heart Institute in Cairo aimed at assessing the effect of depth of anaesthesia guided by bispectral index on the severity of mitral insufficiency as measured by transesophageal echocardiography.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted in the National Heart Institute in Cairo. The study was conducted for a period of about six months after the approval from Ethical committee. Informed oral consent for every patient was obtained. Prospective observational cross-sectional study with a random sample of 20 patients at National Heart Institute. A sample size of at least 15 data pairs achieves 80% power to reject the null hypothesis of zero effect size when the population effect size is 0.80 and the significance level (alpha) is 0.05 using a two-sided paired ttest. Adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery in National Heart Institute.

Results
The MR severity decreased at a deeper anaesthesia at low BIS than at a shallower anaesthesia at high BIS in patients with organic MR. Eight patients out of twenty patients (40% with organic MR) showed a + 1 grade of improvement in MR grade, by semi-quantitively measuring maximal JA and VC width. Improvement in mitral regurge severity thought to be secondary to unloading effect of general anaesthesia on left ventricle causing a decrease in afterload, preload, and left ventricular dimensions. This study demonstrated that, a comparison between deep anaesthesia and shallow anaesthesia using BIS showed there is a significant reduction in multiple parameters of MR severity assessment secondary to unloading effect of general anaesthesia on left ventricle caused by a decrease in both afterload and preload.

Conclusion
This reduction in MR severity appeared to be significant enough to modify intraoperative decisions regarding valve surgery by underestimation of valve severity. Thus, strong consideration should be given to thorough preoperative assessment of MR severity, rather than relying on intraoperative findings.
Glucose Intolerance in Intensive Care Patients: Incidence and Outcome
Authors: El Shebiny Ahmed A , Elewa Gamal M , Gouda Ez alregal G , Hashim Reham M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Critical illness is associated with modification in metabolic status. Insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose levels occur during stressful conditions.

Objective
to evaluate the incidence and outcome of glucose intolerance in intensive care.

Patients and method
This prospective clinical study included 290 patients, admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), from December 2018 to January 2020. They were divided into three groups according to maximum blood glucose level during the initial 48 hours of admission: Normoglycemic, hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic. Each group was subdivided into: known diabetic and not known diabetic. Patients’ age, sex, APACHI II, admission diagnosis were recorded. Blood glucose level was followed every six hours; high blood glucose during first 48 hours of admission was defined as acute hyperglycemia. Use of vasopressor and corticosteroid therapy, type of feeding, days on mechanical ventilation, total days of stay in ICU, and fate of patients were recorded.

Results
Hyperglycemia was common with critical illness. Its incidence was 45.5 % and 67.2% on ICU admission and during 48 hours. after admission respectively;. Of them, 51% were diabetics, while 16.2% were non diabetics. Hyperglycemia was associated with increased morbidity in the form of difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation and long ICU stay. Of hyperglycemic patients, 66.4 % were orally fed.Mortality among normoglycemic patients was 37.5 %; slightly lower than mortality among hyperglycemic patients (39.2%), but without statistical significant difference. Glucose intolerance in critically ill patients was not related to severity of the disease or cause of admission and vasopressors and steroids were not risk factors for glucose intolerance during the initial 48 hrs. of admission

Conclusion
Glucose intolerance is high in intensive care patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.