bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances of the total synthesis of morphine in the last decade
Authors: Gao Hui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Morphine and its derivatives are widely used analgesic drugs in clinical practice. The exploration and development of morphine synthesis has always been the challenge in organic total synthesis. This paper reviews the several research and development task of total synthesis of morphine since 2010, and discusses the correlation between the yield and the reaction steps, the application of green chemistry and the feasibility of industrialization. It is concluded from the comprehensive discussion that, the synthetic route of morphine proposed by Smith in 2016 is relatively optimized. In order to realize the industrialization of total synthesis of morphine, it’s not only the yield and reaction complexity that requires to be concerned, but designing an environmentally friendly and sustainable development synthetic route also should be noticed, which also have an assignable effect.
Is Ketogenic Diet Good for People?
Authors: Wei Wan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The ketogenic diet became quite popular as a treatment option for epilepsy in the 1920s to 1930s. The development of ketogenic diet also provides an alternative to non-mainstream fasting. However, new anticonvulsant therapies have substituted it as therapy for epilepsy. Although many cases of epilepsy could be effectively controlled using medications, unsuccessful epileptic control happened in around 20% to 30% of epileptics. For these individuals, especially children with epilepsy, the diet was re-introduced as a technique for managing the condition. Since the ketogenic diet was famous due to its efficient performance in treating epilepsy, people nowadays start to use this diet to lose weight. Hence, is ketogenic diet good or bad for people? Concerning to public health issue, we review ketogenic diet from perspectives of advantages and potential risk, which can serve as a reference for people who are on attempting a ketogenic diet. Given the obvious positive effects of this diet on effective medical treatment and weight loss, we believe it could have wider application in future. However, it’s suggested for people to make choice with awareness of potential risks of the ketogenic diet.
Research on Investment Evaluation Strategy of Distribution Network Focusing on Efficiency and Benefit
Authors: Xie Guanglong , Wang Xubin , Jin Xiaoling 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
High quality development of distribution network pays more attention to improving investment efficiency and benefit. Distribution network equipments and related data indicators are various, and there are many manual interventions, thus it is difficult to focus on investment efficiency and benefit through information system with direct data acquisition. This paper focuses on the investment efficiency and benefit indicators, and refines key target indicators. On this foundation, the comprehensive evaluation index system of distribution network investment is constructed. The key investment issues can be find out through penetration and correlation analysis, which are verified by selecting typical areas for investment effectiveness analysis. Considering the investment demand and investment capacity as a whole, the regional investment focuses and directions are clarified according to the differentiation level of efficiency and benefit, which can accurately improve the efficiency and benefit of distribution network investment.
Carbon emission calculation of construction machinery during the expressway construction period
Authors: Li Fan , Zhang Ya Qi , Zhu Xi Chao , Xie Xiao Jie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on the emission coefficient method, this paper constructs the carbon emission calculation model of construction machinery during the construction period of the expressway, and carries out an example analysis of the concrete expressway according to the highway Engineering budget Quota and the bill of quantities. Under the background of green development, it provides a theoretical basis for highway construction to adopt corresponding energy-saving and emission reduction strategies, so as to achieve a win-win situation between economic and social development and ecological environment protection.
Optimal Clearing Model of Centralized Market Considering Path Constraints
Authors: Zheng Zhao , Chen Kening , Jiang Yu , Liu Xuwen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
China’s electricity market is now still in the mode of “Unified market and two-tier operation” including provincial and inter-provincial market. The inter-provincial market is divided into the medium and long-term market and spot market. This study takes the inter provincial spot market as the research object, and proposes a unified optimization clearing algorithm for inter provincial spot market considering path constraints. The proposed method is able to handle AC-DC hybrid electricity network, and sort and determine the trading pairs using power flow tracing algorithm. The power market software PLEXOS and practical market data are used to simulate the proposed model, and the results show the accuracy and effectiveness.
Experiment study of a hybrid concentrated photovoltaic/thermal(CPV/T) system
Authors: Shunxiang Zhang , Li Peng , Luo Qi , Chen Yuantao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization, a hybrid concentrated photovoltaic/thermal(CPV/T) system equipped with 750× Fresnel lens and roll-bond heat collector of water-bifurcated channel was proposed. The system produces both electricity and heat performance of the system was tested based on the outdoor measurement in a clear day. The experimental results show that the maximum generating power of the system can reach 3.656KW, with an average generating power of 3.31KW. The total generating energy of the system reached 25.21KWh from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm. The maximum and average electrical efficiency are 25.36% and 24.53%, respectively. The maximum and average thermal efficiency are 63.92% and 58.72%, respectively. The total efficiency can be more than 80%.
The influence of the drilling rate of the raise boring machine on the stability of the surrounding rock of a inclined shaft with large dip angle
Authors: Yingquan LI , Zhaoyang SONG , Guoye JING 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The drilling method of counter-well drilling rig has become an important construction method for the construction of large inclination Angle pressure pipeline in pumped storage power station. In order to study the effect of the drilling rate on the stability of the surrounding rock of the inclined well. The method of numerical analysis is used to simulate the drilling rate of backwell drilling machine by changing the drilling depth of certain calculation step, and the drilling depth is along the inclined shaft line. The selection of drilling parameters is optimized and the drilling rate of the reverse well rig is determined. The results show that the tunneling rate has a significant influence on the deformation rate of surrounding rock and the change rate of stress gradient in the process of drilling with reverse-well drill. With the increase of drilling rate, the deformation rate and the change rate of stress gradient increase. The variation amplitude of the surrounding rock deformation and stress value at the monitoring point increases first and then decreases, and finally tends to be stable. Under this formation condition and drilling scheme, the deformation of surrounding rocks in wellbore after drilling at the same depth is small, and the effect of stress disturbance is not significant. The maximum deformation of surrounding rocks in inclined Wells is only 0.27mm, and the strong disturbance zone is about 2.0m. Combined with field drilling test results, the optimal drilling rate of reverse well reaming is determined to be 1.2m/h.
Research on Economic Evaluation Method of Urban Distribution Network
Authors: Zhao Mengbi , Gao Zhongfei , Feng Zhiming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of urbanization, the economic evaluation method of urban distribution network needs to be reformed. The current evaluation system is not excellent. An economic evaluation method of urban distribution network is proposed in this paper. A new evaluation method combining the equivalent year and the existing value method is studied. The proposed method can better make up for the shortcomings of the two methods. In the end, the feasibility of the method is verified by a case of a certain city.
Research on Emergency Treatment Measures for Oil and Gas Pipeline Passing Though Mining Subsidence Area
Authors: Wang Dongyuan , Tan Qiuxia , Yang Jian , Zhang Zhenyong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the continuous increase in the mileage of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China, more and more pipelines need to pass through prospecting areas, mining areas and mined-out areas. In these areas, underground subsidence and surface cracking may occur due to over-exploitation of underground minerals, which may cause damage to buried oil and gas pipelines. In order to ensure the safety of the pipelines in these areas, it is necessary to put forward appropriate measures for the management of different mined-out areas. This is a new topic that needs further study for the mined-out area pipelines. This paper takes the geological disasters of the collapsible subsidence suffered by the Puxian-Hejin gas pipeline as an example, through the establishment of a settlement monitoring system for mined-out area and the analysis and verification of pipeline stress status, comprehensive physical survey, on-site monitoring data analysis, expert experience, calculation and analysis of pipeline stress, evaluation of geological safety in mined-out area, and emergency measures such as trench excavation, interception and drainage, weld protection, timely pipe lift, decompression and gas transmission, and monitoring and early warning measures to effectively reduce the risk of pipeline damage and ensure the safe operation of pipelines. The treatment measures have reference and reference significance for the treatment of oil and gas pipelines in mined-out areas.
Hazard Identification of Portal Crane In-use & Research on Its Application In a Shipbuilding Company
Authors: Huang Zheng-qiu , Tong Yao-ting , Ren Li-xin , Ouyang Wei-ping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fatigue damage is always the main cause of the crane damage. The prediction method of fatigue life take far reaching impact on the design and service life of the crane. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the fatigue life prediction method of crane. In this paper, the existing fatigue life prediction methods are summarized systematically. And the fatigue life research was involved in metal material, mechanics, vibration mechanics, fatigue theory, fracture mechanics and so on, which made a difference between the predicted result and the actual life. The emergence and application of new technologies promote the development of the fatigue life evaluation methods, which could debase the risk of portal crane in use significantly.
Thermal Performance and Insulation Structure Design of ± 400kV Valve Side Bushing of Converter
Authors: Shiling Zhang , Lin Gong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The design features of inner and outer insulation structure of valve side bushing of ± 400kV converter transformer are representative. Its main insulation structure type and design method are basically consistent with those of ± 800kV converter transformer valve side bushing in China, but its design margin is lower than that of UHV converter transformer bushing, and the valve side bushing of ± 400kV converter transformer is used more in converter valve hall, so its insulation structure design and engineering should be It is necessary to analyze and discuss the insulation structure design of valve side bushing of ± 400kV converter transformer. In this paper, ± 400kV converter transformer valve side bushing insulation accident is analyzed in detail, from which the specific causes of insulation failure are summarized, providing reference for the design of internal and external insulation structure of converter transformer bushing. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the heating mechanism of the double guide rod structure of the converter bushing, gives the design size of the double guide rod structure from the theoretical analysis point of view, further optimizes the core insulation structure of the converter bushing, and gives the external insulation design scheme of the converter bushing from the perspective of internal and external insulation coordination, and checks and calculates the overall electric field distribution The radial electric field strength is controlled at 3.11kV/mm under working voltage and 0.51kV/mm under power frequency withstand voltage, which meet the requirements of electric field strength control in the design of ± 400kV converter bushing. Furthermore, the valve side bushing of the developed ± 400kV converter transformer is tested, and typical type tests such as power frequency dry withstand voltage test and partial discharge measurement, lightning impulse dry withstand voltage test and partial discharge measurement and temperature rise test are passed. The research results of this paper theoretically give the control requirements for the field strength design of the valve side bushing of converter transformer, and optimize the design size of its double guide rod structure, and develop a prototype to prove the effectiveness and reliability of the theoretical analysis. The above research results have good theoretical guidance value and practical significance for the insulation structure design and operation state maintenance of valve side bushing of ± 400 kV converter transformer.
Research on Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm of Multi-parameter Optimization Model
Authors: Yue Jiabao , Xie Donghai , Yu Jie , Zhu Lin , He Zhengyang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aerosols can have an important impact on human society. Remote sensing method plays an important role in the aerosol retrieval. The aerosol retrieval SARA algorithm isn’t required a lot of prior knowledge and look-up table comparing with the traditional aerosol retrieval algorithms. However, the retrieval results of SARA algorithm are affected by the acquisition time differences and instability of MODIS data and AERONET data. In order to improve SARA algorithm, this paper studies the nonlinear optimization methods to construct the three-parameter model and the five-parameter model. And used the model to optimize the input parameters to improve the accuracy of aerosol retrieval. The correlation of five-parameter optimization results with AERONET sites Beijing and XiangHe is 0.7454 and 0.701 respectively, which is better than that of three-parameter optimization model’s 0.6012, 0.6479, and both are higher than SARA’s 0.3844 and 0.526.
Analysis on the Abnormal Distribution of Large-scale Rainstorm in Guangxi Caused by typhoon Bailu (1911)
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , He Li , Huang Ying , Zhao Huasheng , Jin Jian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Typhoon "Bailu" of 1911 caused extensive rainstorms in Guangxi,and its rain intensity and distribution were abnormal. The rainstorm was mainly concentrated in the east and south, and the rainstorm belt was northeast-southwest. Many forecast products, including subjective and objective forecasts, showed deviations in the area and intensity of this rainstorm. The weather dynamic diagnosis and analysis method was used here to analyze the causes of the abnormal distribution of the rainstorm based on conventional meteorological data and European centre reanalysis data, satellite cloud images, and mesoscale automatic stations. The results showed that this rainstorm caused by "Bailu" was formed by the coupling of low-and-upper level jets circulation and strong water vapor convergence. The guidance of the subtropical high airstream caused the clouds on the southwest side of the "Bailu" to move slowly westward. The input of the southwest monsoon airstream revived, strengthened and maintained the "Bailu" vortex. The plenishment of abundant water vapor caused continuous and concentrated rainstorm in the eastern and southern regions of Guangxi. The asymmetric structure of typhoons was also an important reason of abnormal precipitation distribution.
Analysis of dark matter based on space physics
Authors: Chen Ruijie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cosmological observations indicate that most of the matter in the universe is dark matter. Dark matter is neither ordinary baryonic matter, nor composed of any known particles of the standard model. It does not interact electromagnetically but does interact via gravity that affects various aspects of the structure of the universe. Three complementary methods including direct detection, indirect detection and manmade dark matter in laboratory were applied by astronomers to identify dark matter. Meanwhile, some models such as axion and supersymmetric standard model were proposed to satisfy the existing observations. The nature of dark matter is still a mystery. This paper briefly introduced the background information of discovery of dark matter, and summarized the latest development of dark matter detection in recent years and the model theories of dark matter. It also discussed the current understanding of dark matter and dark energy.
Recultivation of micro-plants of perpetual raspberry after deposition in the culture room conditions on the nutrient media with the use of modifications of the Superstim product in low and ultra-low doses
Authors: Akimova S V , Kirkach V V , Demenko V I , Malevannaya N N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the clonal micro-propagation of raspberry, the aftereffect of micro-plants deposition in the culture room conditions was evaluated when adding Superstim-1 and Superstim-2 products to the nutrient medium in low and ultra-low doses. The advantage of using the Superstim-1 product and planting of regenerant plants for multiplication in a nutrient medium based on Murashige and Skuga inscription enriched with the following substances: (mg/l) thiamine-hydrochloride, pyridoxine-hydrochloride, nicotinamide - 0.5; mesoinosit - 100; glycine - 1000; sucrose - 30000, agar-agar - 6000, 6- benzyl aminopurine in concentrations of 0.25. It is shown that during recultivation after deposition, experimental micro-plants have a propagation coefficient of 3-5 times higher than the control parameters without deposition. The Brilliantovaya variety has the range of active concentrations of the Superstim-1 product from 1 × 10 − 3% to 1 × 10 − 18% (coefficient of multiplication on the first passage is 6.0-8.0 units against 1.5 units under control, on the second passage - 7.6-9.2 units against 2.5 units under control). The Gerakl variety has a range of active concentrations of the Superstim-1 product from 1 × 10 − 3 %…1 × 10 − 12 % (the coefficient of multiplication on the first passage is 10.4-12.4 units against 1.5 units under control, on the second passage - 12.4-14.0 against 2.5 units under control).
Search for antagonists to protect plant raw materials from pathogens
Authors: Valiullin L R , Titova V Y , Skvortsov E V , Muhammadiev R S , Validov S Z , Rud V Y , Davydov V.V. , Glinushkin A P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of research on the selection of biological agents with antagonism to microorganisms affecting raw materials of plant origin. The antagonists selected at the first stage showed significant changes in the antagonistic activity of various isolates when the temperature of the medium increased to 450C. There was no decrease in activity in isolate 20, so it is resistant to high temperature. Isolate No.21 had a significant increase in antagonistic activity, it is likely to be more resistant to high temperatures and some biochemical enzymatic processes are stimulated, leading to increased antagonistic properties. And in isolates 9, 16 and 23, on the contrary, it was lowered, possibly due to the fact that the increased temperature causes structural and biochemical changes in the cell of the microorganism. Similarly, isolated isolates No.9, 16, 23, 21, and 15 had high antagonistic activity against micromycetes that contaminate plant-based feed.
Population and Genetic monitoring the Puccinia triticina to provide food safety of Russia
Authors: Kolomiets T M , Zhemchuzhina A I , Kiseleva M I , Zhemchuzhina N S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For determine the virulence of P. triticina populations in 7 regions of Russia there were tested 564 isolates on 49 wheat lines possessed juvenile resistance to the pathogen. There were identified from 37 to 42 virulence genes in fungus populations from different regions. The similarities of P. triticina populations were found in the presence of virulence genes p1, p2c, p3a, p3bg, p3ka, p10, p14a, p14b, p17, p18, p21, p27+31, p30, p32, p33, p39, p40, pB, p22a and in the absence of genes p24, p29, p41, p42, p45, p47, p51, p53. The differences were recorded by the frequency of individual virulence genes in fungus populations, for example the genes p2a, p29, p38 weren’t identified in Middle Volga region, p22a – in Low Volga, p19, p28, p22a, p38 – in Volga-Vyatka , p36, p44 - in West Siberian.
Leaf rust resistance genes were classified into 5 groups according to the degree of effectiveness. The resistance genes: Lr24, Lr29, Lr41, Lr42, Lr45, Lr47, Lr51, and Lr53 were assigned to the effective group, since the corresponding wheat lines were not affected by any of the studied P. triticina populations. Wheat lines or varieties with identical resistance genes can be recommended to breeders as sources of resistance against leaf rust.
Scientific and practical basis of rapeseed production in the Central Federal district
Authors: Volovik V T , Shpakov A S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Central Federal district has soil and climate resources, scientific and industrial experience that allows it to produce basic types of food in full from the need. The main task at the present stage is to increase the production of dairy and meat products of cattle by increasing the gross production of feed and improving their quality, especially in terms of protein availability. Cold-resistant oilseeds, and above all, rapeseed, should play a leading role in solving the problem of providing protein for feed. In relation to the region, the scientific and practical bases of rapeseed production have been developed to meet the needs of the fat-and-oil industry and animal husbandry in rapeseed oil seeds. A range of varieties of spring and winter oilseed rape, spring and winter colza different ripening, allowing to obtain raw materials for masloekstraktsionnyh plants from early July to late September. The varieties of spring rapeseed with a potential seed productivity of up to 3.5 t/ha created in the Federal Research Center “VIC named after V. R. Williams” provide up to 1.5 t / ha of edible oil and 0.7 t / ha of raw protein. Winter rapeseed varieties have a potential productivity of 6 t / ha, in production conditions they guarantee 4-5 t/ha, which allows you to get more than 2 t / ha of oil and more than 1 t / ha of raw protein. Created varieties of colza, distinguishing itself with reduced fiber content and increased digestibility, can be successfully used in the poultry industry.