bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung perfusion changes in COVID-19 pneumonia: a dual energy computerized tomography study
Authors: Aydin Sonay , Kantarci Mecit , Karavas Erdal , Unver Edhem , Yalcin Seven , Aydin Fahri 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
There is limited and contradictory information about pulmonary perfusion changes detected with dual energy computed tomography (DECT) in COVID-19 cases. The purpose of this study was to define lung perfusion changes in COVID-19 cases with DECT, as well as to reveal any possible links between perfusion changes and laboratory findings.

Methods:
Patients who had a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 and a contrast-enhanced chest DECT examination were included in the study. The pattern and severity of perfusion deficits were evaluated, as well as the relationships between perfusion deficit severity and laboratory results and CT severity ratings. The paired t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Student’s t-test were used to examine the changes in variables and perfusion deficits. p &lt; 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Results:
Study population consisted of 40 patients. Mean age was 60.73 ± 14.73 years. All of the patients had perfusion deficits at DECT images. Mean perfusion deficit severity score of the population was 8.45 ± 4.66 (min.-max, 1–19). In 24 patients (60%), perfusion deficits and parenchymal lesions matched completely. In 15 patients (37.5%), there was partial match. D dimer, CRP levels, CT severity score, and perfusion deficit severity score all had a positive correlation

Conclusions:
Perfusion deficits are seen not only in opacification areas but also in parenchyma of normal appearance. The CT severity score, CRP, D-dimer, and SpO2 levels of the patients were determined to be related with perfusion deficit severity.

Advances in knowledge:
Findings of the current study may confirm the presence of micro-thrombosis in COVID-19 pneumonia.
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting in prostate cancer before and after contrast enhancement
Authors: Lee Young Sub , Choi Moon Hyung , Lee Young Joon , Han Dongyeob , Kim Dong-Hyun 
Published: August 2021

Objectives:
To assess the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and the T1 and T2 values derived from nonenhanced (NE) and contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) in the prostate gland and to evaluate differences in values among prostate cancer, the normal peripheral zone (PZ) and the normal transition zone (TZ).

Methods:
Fifty-seven patients (median age, 73 years; range, 48–86) with prostate cancer who underwent multiparametric MRI including NE and CE MRF were included in this study. T1 and T2 values were extracted from NE and CE MRF, respectively. Five quantitative values (the ADC, NE T1, NE T2, CE T1 and CE T2 values) were measured in three areas: prostate cancer, PZ and TZ. We compared the values among the three areas and evaluated the differences between NE MRF and CE MRF values.

Results:
ADC values and MRF-derived values were significantly higher in PZ than prostate cancer or TZ (p &lt; 0.001). TZ had a significantly lower CE T1 but significantly higher values of the other variables than prostate cancer (p &lt; 0.001). The T1 values in all three areas and the T2 values in prostate cancer and TZ were significantly lower on CE MRF than on NE MRF (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions:
Quantitative analysis of NE and CE MRI can be conducted by using the MRF technique. The ADC value and the T1 and T2 values from CE MRF and NE MRF were found to be significantly different between prostate cancer and normal prostate tissue.

Advances in knowledge
The T1 and T2 values from contrast-enhanced MR fingerprinting are significantly different between prostate cancer and normal prostate tissue.
Effect of tuberculosis training on community health workers’ knowledge: a cluster randomized control trial in South Nigeria
Authors: Akwaowo Christie , Umoh Idongesit , Motilewa Oluseyi , Umoh Victor , Usoroh Eno , Adeboye Stella , Idiong Uduak , Antia Etop 
Published: August 2021

Background:Intensified efforts to improve tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are needed to meet global EndTB targets. Community health workers’ (CHWs) knowledge with respect to case finding is vital in tuberculosis elimination. This study aimed to determine the effect of tuberculosis training on the knowledge of community health workers in Nigeria.Methods:As part of a larger multicomponent intervention study, a randomised control trial was conducted with CHWs in 18 primary health care (PHC) clusters in Nigeria. The clusters were allocated to three arms: training and cash incentive (A), training only (B), and control (C) arms. Arms (A) and (B) received training on tuberculosis symptoms, prevention, diagnosis and treatment while the control arm (C) did not receive training. Participants’ knowledge on tuberculosis was assessed using questionnaires administered pre- and post-intervention. Data was analyzed using GraphPad Prism. Descriptive data was presented in tables and bivariate data was analyzed using chi square. Statistical significance was set as P<0.05.Results:There was a significant increase in the total knowledge score (25.4%), knowledge of general symptoms (24.4%), prevention (22.6%) and diagnosis and treatment (30.0%) across all study arms post-intervention (p<0.0001). Compared with the control arm, the training arm (A) had a higher proportion of good total knowledge score (94.4%) and arm (B) had a lower proportion of good total knowledge score (83.1%) when compared to the control group (93.1%). These were, however, not statistically significant.Conclusions:An improvement in the CHWs’ knowledge of symptoms, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis was observed after a training intervention was done. Integration of routine tuberculosis training is recommended to improve tuberculosis case finding in high burden communities.Pan African Clinical Trial Registry registration:PACTR202010691865364 (14/01/2020)
Desenho universal para aprendizagem: uma abordagem para alunos com autismo na sala de aula
Authors: Borges Adriana Araújo Pereira , Schmidt Carlo 
Published: August 2021

Embora o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) possa ser definido como um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento, com déficits nas habilidades de comunicação e comportamento, o termo espectro retrata a enorme gama de diferenças individuais desses sujeitos. No ambiente escolar essas diferenças tendem a ser evidenciadas, o que pode refletir no trabalho do professor com o aluno. Uma das possibilidades de intervenção para facilitar o processo de aprendizagem de educandos com TEA é o Desenho Universal para Aprendizagem (DUA). O DUA pode ser compreendido como um conjunto de princípios e estratégias que se relacionam com o currículo escolar. Sua finalidade é eliminar as barreiras que impedem o aprendizado, contribuindo para a inclusão escolar dos alunos, principalmente aqueles que são público alvo da educação especial. Nesse sentido, atua como facilitador da prática pedagógica. Esse artigo discute a relevância do DUA, a partir das características dos aprendizes com autismo apontadas pelas teorias da coerência central, das funções executivas e da teoria da mente. A importância dessa abordagem é percebida a partir da narrativa da mãe de um aluno com autismo sobre os entraves da escolarização do filho e sobre as práticas pedagógicas que contribuíram em seu percurso educacional. Os resultados apontam para a importância de que os professores conheçam e se apropriem do DUA, uma ferramenta que contribui para a inclusão escolar dos alunos com autismo e para uma prática pedagógica mais equitativa.
Development of the CORE-Kids core set of outcome domains for studies of childhood limb fractures
Authors: Marson Ben A. , Manning Joseph C. , James Marilyn , Craxford Simon , Deshmukh Sandeep R. , Perry Daniel C. , Ollivere Benjamin J. ,   The CORE-Kids collaborative group
Published: August 2021

Aims The aim of this study is to develop a core set of outcome domains that should be considered and reported in all future trials of childhood limb fractures. Methods A four-phase study was conducted to agree a set of core outcome domains. Identification of candidate outcome domains were identified through systematic review of trials, and outcome domains relevant to families were identified through semi-structured interviews with 20 families (parent-child pairing or group). Outcome domains were prioritized using an international three-round Delphi survey with 205 panellists and then condensed into a core outcome set through a consensus workshop with 30 stakeholders. Results The systematic review and interviews identified 85 outcome domains as relevant to professionals or families. The Delphi survey prioritized 30 upper and 29 lower limb outcome domains at first round, an additional 17 upper and 18 lower limb outcomes at second round, and four additional outcomes for upper and lower limb at the third round as important domains. At the consensus workshop, the core outcome domains were agreed as: 1) pain and discomfort; 2) return to physical and recreational activities; 3) emotional and psychosocial wellbeing; 4) complications from the injury and treatment; 5) rturn to baseline activities daily living; 6) participation in learning; 7) appearance and deformity; and 8) time to union. In addition, 9a) recovery of mobility and 9b) recovery of manual dexterity was recommended as a core outcome for lower and upper limb fractures, respectively. Conclusion This set of core outcome domains is recommended as a minimum set of outcomes to be reported in all trials. It is not an exhaustive set and further work is required to identify what outcome tools should be used to measure each of these outcomes. Adoption of this outcome set will improve the consistency of research for these children that can be combined for more meaningful meta-analyses and policy development. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(12):1821–1830.
Six-stage revision surgery of a triple periprosthetic joint infection due to a delayed diagnosis of a bilateral psoas abscess: a case report
Authors: Lucero C , Díaz-Dilernia F , Comba F , Zanotti G , Piccaluga F , Buttaro M 
Published: August 2021

Case We present a case of a 70-year-old woman with simultaneous periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of both hips and left knee due to a bilateral psoas abscess. The patient underwent debridement and implants removal with the consequent reimplantation in a sequential six-stage revision surgery. At four years of follow-up and in spite of the patient’s comorbidities and current PJI presentation, she maintains full activities of daily living without restrictions. Conclusion Accurate and early diagnosis of a psoas abscess is crucial. This case report provides experience of a complex scenario, the decision-making involved and the outcomes of an underdiagnosed complication.
Objektklitika und Informationsstrukturierung im Bulgarischen
Authors: Janewa Valja 
Published: August 2021

Auf der Grundlage der Chomskyschen Grammatiktheorie sowie der jüngsten Ergebnisse zur Informationsstrukturierung erfolgt die Untersuchung von Syntax, Morphologie und Semantik pronominaler Klitika in der bulgarischen Sprache. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die morphosyntaktischen Konfigurationen, in denen die Objektklitika vorkommen und deren prosodische, semantische und informationsstrukturelle Interpretation.
Dabei geht es vor allem um folgende Punkte:
•	lexikalische Kategorisierung der Objektklitika
•	Bedingungen für das Vorkommen der Objektklitika
•	Kongruenzbeziehung zum verdoppelten Objekt
•	Funktion der Klitika und ihre Bedeutung für die informationsstrukturelle Gliederung des Satzes
Rudin (1995) und Franks (1998) faßten die bulgarischen Klitika als funktionale Köpfe in der erweiterten lexikalischen Projektion von Verben auf, bei Dimitrova-Vulchanova (1998) sind sie Köpfe einer komplexen klitischen Projektion in satzinitialer Position. Schick & Zimmermann (1995) betrachten die Klitika als Adjunkte einer funktionalen Kategorie mit der Funktion, Topikalität auszudrücken. In meiner Darstellung folge ich diesen Ansätzen nicht, sondern versuche für die Fälle, in denen Klitika Stellvertreter für Nominalphrasen sind bzw. diese verdoppeln, ein anderes Erklärungsmuster zu geben.
On the basis of Chomsky's Generative Theory as well as of the latest results in information structure the syntax, morphology, and semantics of object clitics in modern Bulgarian are investigated. The study examines the morphosyntactic configurations in which object clitics occur, as well as their prosodic and semantic interpretation, and the interpretation of their information structure.
The following points are emphasized:
•	lexical categorisation of object clitics
•	conditions under which object clitics occur
•	agreement relation between object clitic and argument noun phrase
•	function of clitics and their meaning for the information structure of the sentence.
Rudin (1997) and Franks (1998) analyse the object clitics as functional agreement (nonargument) heads in the extended projection of the verb.
Dimitrova-Vulchanova (1998) argues that pronominal clitics head their own projection ClP. Schick & Zimmermann (1997) analyse the pronominal clitics as non-projecting adjuncts to a functional category F. The functional category F triggers raising of topics from the lexical projection VP.
In my analysis, instead of following this approach, I try to give a different explanatory model for those cases where the clitics stand in place of argument noun phrases or double these phrases.
High-resolution mid-infrared optical coherence tomography with kHz line rate
Authors: Israelsen Niels M. , Rodrigo Peter John , Petersen Christian R. , Woyessa Getinet , Hansen Rasmus E. , Tidemand-Lichtenberg Peter , Pedersen Christian , Bang Ole 
Published: August 2021

We report on mid-infrared optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 4 µm based on collinear sum-frequency upconversion and promote the A-scan scan rate to 3 kHz. We demonstrate the increased imaging speed for two spectral realizations, one providing an axial resolution of 8.6 µm, and one providing a record axial resolution of 5.8 µm. Image performance is evaluated by sub-surface micro-mapping of a plastic glove and real-time monitoring of

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in parallel with OCT imaging.
Ultrasmooth, biocompatible, and removable nanocoating for hollow-core microstructured optical fibers
Authors: Ermatov Timur , Novoselova Marina , Skibina Julia , Machnev Andrey , Gorin Dmitry , Noskov Roman E. 
Published: August 2021

Functional nanocoatings of hollow-core microstructured optical fibers (HC-MOFs) have extended the domain of their applications to biosensing and photochemistry. However, novel modalities typically come with increased optical losses since a significant surface roughness of functional layers gives rise to additional light scattering, restricting the performance of functionalization. Here, the technique that enables a biocompatible and removable nanocoating of HC-MOFs with low surface roughness is presented. The initial functional film is formed by a layer-by-layer assembly of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tannic acid (TA). The alkaline etching at pH 9 results in the reduction of surface roughness from 26 nm to 3 nm and decreases fiber optical losses by three times. The nanocoating can be fully removed within 7 min of the treatment. Natural biocompatibility of BSA alongside antibacterial and antifouling properties of TA makes the presented nanocoating promising for biophotonic applications.
Unusual higher-order nonlinear optical properties in Au-coated triangular Ag-Au nanostructures
Authors: Mondal Koushik , Biswas Subrata , Singha Tara , Pal Sudip Kumar , Datta Prasanta K. , Ghosh Sujit Kumar , Kumbhakar Pathik 
Published: August 2021

Here, we report hitherto unobserved local field (LF)-assisted pump wavelength-dependent nonlinear optical (NLO) effects of three-photon (3PA)-induced four-photon absorption (4PA) at 532 nm and two-photon-induced 3PA at 730 nm in triangular-shaped core–shell Ag-Au nanoparticles (TrAg@Au) by femtosecond Z-scan. The shell thickness-dependent enhancement in the LF is observed by a COMSOL simulation. The intensity-dependent interplay between saturable and reverse-saturable absorptions along with switching of nonlinear (NL) phase is reported at 730 nm, showing the superiority of TrAg@Au in optical switching (OS). The optical limiting (OL) threshold (

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th) of

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6.5

)

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at 730 (532) nm boost their potential over benchmarked materials.
Visible to near-infrared nearly perfect absorption from alternate silica and chromium layers deposited by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Dong Jiannan , Cheng Yige , Xie Zhenlong , Chen Yihang 
Published: August 2021

We present a novel, to the best of our knowledge, broadband and angle-insensitive nearly perfect absorber design composed of alternate silica and chromium layers. We show that by depositing a chromium nanofilm on a chromium substrate with a silica spacer, the absorption will significantly enhance from the visible to near-infrared. Then, another silica film is placed on the top of the layered structure as an antireflection coating, resulting in the broadband near-perfect absorption. We fabricate the proposed absorber by magnetron sputtering. The measured results show that our device has an average absorption over 97% in a wide range of wavelengths ranging from 350 to 1170 nm, and its absorption performance exhibits a good angular tolerance up to 50°. The presented absorber design offers a good prospect for large-scale and low-cost manufacturing of absorption-based optoelectronic devices.
Effect of suicidality on clinical and behavioural outcomes in HIV positive adults in Uganda
Authors: Rukundo Godfrey Zari , Levin Jonathan , Mpango Richard Stephen , Patel Vikram , Kinyanda Eugene 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Suicidality is a risk of a person committing suicide often characterized by suicidal ideation, intent or attempts. Despite the high burden of suicidality among individuals living with HIV and HAIDS, there is paucity of data on the impact of suicidality on clinical (such as CD4 counts and HIV disease progression) and behavioural outcomes (such as adherence to HIV Medications). Cross-sectional investigations of these associations are often complicated by bidirectional causal relationships and hence the need for longitudinal study designs. We conducted a cohort study to determine the impact of suicidality on clinical and behavioural outcomes among adults living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda.

Materials and methods
We conducted the study among 1099 ART naïve adults living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. Data were collected at three time points: baseline, 6 and 12 months. Multiple regression and discrete time survival models were used to determine the relationship between suicidality and indices of HIV outcomes.

Results
Majority of the participants were female and the participant mean age was 35 years. Most of them (73%) had primary or no formal education. The proportion of participants with suicidality decreased from 2.9% at baseline to roughly 1% both at month 6 and month 12. Of the investigated clinical and behavioural outcomes, baseline suicidality only had a negative impact on missing a dose of ART where the odds of missing a dose of ART were 8.25 (95% CI 2.45–27.71, p>0.01) times higher for participants with suicidality compared to those without suicidality. The following outcomes were not significantly impacted by baseline suicidality: HIV clinical stage, CD4 count and risky sexual behaviour.

Conclusions
The fact that baseline suicidality significantly negatively impacted ART adherence calls for the incorporation of psychosocial interventions to target indices of psychological distress such as suicidality to improve HIV related outcomes.
Effect on growth of exposure to maternal antiretroviral therapy in breastmilk versus extended infant nevirapine prophylaxis among HIV-exposed perinatally uninfected infants in the PROMISE randomized trial
Authors: Stranix-Chibanda Lynda , Tierney Camlin , Pinilla Mauricio , George Kathleen , Aizire Jim , Chipoka Godwin , Mallewa Macpherson , Naidoo Megeshinee , Nematadzira Teacler , Kusakara Bangani , Violari Avy , Mbengeranwa Tapiwa , Njau Boniface , Fairlie Lee , Theron Gerard , Mubiana-Mbewe Mwangelwa , Khadse Sandhya , Browning Renee , Fowler Mary Glenn , Siberry George K. ,   for the PROMISE Study Team
Published: August 2021

BackgroundMalnutrition is highly prevalent in HIV-exposed perinatally uninfected infants (HEUs) increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality throughout the life course. We set out to compare the effect of postnatal exposure to maternal antiretroviral therapy (mART) in breastmilk versus infant Nevirapine prophylaxis (iNVP) on somatic growth of HEUs in the randomized PROMISE trial.Methods and findingsWe randomized 2431 mothers with HIV and their 2444 HEUs from six African countries and India 6–14 days after delivery to mART or iNVP for prevention of breastmilk HIV transmission. The mART regimen contained tenofovir/emtricitabine (99%) plus lopinavir/ritonavir. Infant growth parameters were compared at postnatal week 10, 26, 74 and 104 using World Health Organization (WHO) z-scores for length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and head circumference-for-age (HCAZ). Week 26 LAZ was the primary endpoint measure. Student T-tests compared mean LAZ, WAZ, and HCAZ; estimated mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) are presented.Maternal and infant baseline characteristics were comparable between study arms. The estimated median breastfeeding duration was 70 weeks. After a mean follow-up of 88 weeks, mean LAZ and WAZ were below the WHO reference population mean at all timepoints, whereas mean HCAZ was not. The mART and iNVP arms did not differ for the primary outcome measure of LAZ at week 26 (p-value = 0.39; estimated mean difference (95%CI) of -0.05 (-0.18, 0.07)) or any of the other secondary growth outcome measures or timepoints (all p-values≥0.16). Secondary analyses of the primary outcome measure adjusting for week 0 LAZ and other covariates did not change these results (all p-values≥0.09). However, infants assigned to mART were more likely to have stunting compared to iNVP infants at week 26 (odds ratio (95% CI): 1.28 (1.05, 1.57)).ConclusionsIn HEUs, growth effects from postnatal exposure to mART compared to iNVP were comparable for measures on length, weight and head circumference with no clinically relevant differences between the groups. Despite breastfeeding into the second year of life, length and weight were below reference population means at all ages in both arms. Further investment is needed to optimize postnatal growth of infants born to women with HIV.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov numberNCT01061151.