bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Professor–Student Rapport and Mattering Predict College Student Outcomes?
Authors: Schriver Jennifer L. , Harr Kulynych Ryan 
Published: August 2021

Background Professor–student rapport and a sense of mattering to others are associated with several college student outcomes, but no study has examined the relation between these two variables. Objective This study sought to examine associations between professor–student rapport, mattering, and college student outcomes including grade data and students’ ratings of a course and an instructor. Method 149 college students completed the Professor–Student Rapport Scale (PSRS), the General Mattering Index, and the Interpersonal Mattering Scale. Students’ ratings of the course and the instructor were collected as well as institutionally-reported GPA. Results Professor–student rapport was related to mattering to the psychology instructor. Professor–student rapport was predictive of students’ ratings of the course and the instructor but was not associated with grades. Measures of mattering were not related to student outcomes. The brief version of the PSRS was not more predictive of student outcomes as compared to the full PSRS. Conclusion Professor–student rapport and mattering are related, but only rapport is associated with some student academic outcomes. Studies that go beyond students’ perceptions and focus on more objective student outcomes are needed in this area. Additionally, experimental studies that examine methods of fostering rapport are warranted to more fully understand the influence of faculty behaviors and qualities on students.
Comparison outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in prone and flank position in obese patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Reza , Fatahi Behrouz , Fakhr Yasseri Ali Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) surgery in Flank and Prone positions in patients with a BMI above 30. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial patients were randomly assigned to PCNL treatment in one of two groups undergoing PCNL under fluoroscopic guidance in Flank or Prone positions. Patient demographic information, stone number, size and location, stent duration, hospital stay, blood loss, Creatinine, hemoglobin, hematocrit changes, and arterial blood gas changes and acid-base hemostasis were collected. Results: In this study, 60 patients were examined, which were divided into two groups of 29 people, prone and 31 people. Mean stone size was 3.16 ± 0.82 cm. arterial blood gases did not differ significantly between two groups. The SFR (stone free rate) in the prone and flank groups was 91.02% and 86.89%, respectively. However, SFR and Complications in the prone and flank groups were not significantly different ( p value of 0.081 and 0.13, respectively). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, PCNL complications and acid-base changes is not significantly different in flank and prone positions in obese patients. However, SFR is slightly lower in flank group. Thus, PCNL in flank position is not superior to prone position in obese Patients. It is recommended to choose each of these surgical methods according to the surgeon’s facilities and skills.
Analysis of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Therapy With Concomitant Use of Interacting Antiretroviral Agents
Authors: Brazeale Hayley S. , Fuentes Amaris , Adeola Mobolaji 
Published: August 2021

Background: A theoretical interaction exists between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antiretroviral (ARV) agents and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), although the clinical significance is unclear. Objective: This study aimed to assess characteristics, prescribing patterns, and outcomes associated with concomitant therapy. Methods: A single-center, retrospective review was performed on patients older than 18 years prescribed a DOAC for any indication with concurrent interacting ARV(s) from June 2016 through June 2019. The primary endpoint was to assess prescribing and population characteristics. Secondary endpoints were to evaluate safety outcomes, DOAC level monitoring, readmissions, outpatient follow-up, and DOAC modification interventions. Results: Thirty-six patients (72 hospital admissions) were identified. The most common DOAC was apixaban (83.3%) and ARV was ritonavir (50%). Of the 72 encounters, 26 (36.1%) DOACs were dosed appropriately per guideline recommendations. Twenty pharmacy interventions for therapy modification were recognized. Eleven (30.6%) patients experienced bleeding and 2 (5.6%) thrombosis. Of the adverse events, all patients had renal impairment. Conclusions: As DOAC utilization grows, increasing use in HIV could be expected. More frequent adjustment or avoidance is recommended per guidelines. Our data suggest the majority of patients receive CYP3A4-inhibiting regimens. Caution should be employed with renal insufficiencies. Further studies are warranted to assess safety and efficacy within this population.
A Longitudinal Study of Cognitive and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Disablement Among the Oldest Mexican Americans
Authors: Kim Jiwon , Angel Jacqueline L. , Rote Sunshine M. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives Mexican Americans live longer on average than other ethnic groups, but often with protracted cognitive and physical disability. Little is known, however, about the role of cognitive decline for transitions in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability and tertiary outcomes of the IADL disablement for the oldest old (after 80 years old). Methods We employ the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (2010–2011, 2012–2013, and 2016, N = 1,078) to investigate the longitudinal patterns of IADL decline using latent transition analysis. Results Three IADL groups were identified: independent (developing mobility limitations), emerging dependence (limited mobility and community activities), and dependent (limited mobility and household and community activities). Declines in cognitive function were a consistent predictor of greater IADL disablement, and loneliness was a particularly salient distal outcome for emerging dependence. Discussion These results highlight the social consequences of cognitive decline and dependency as well as underscore important areas of intervention at each stage of the disablement process.
Becoming precarious playbour: Chinese migrant youth on the Kuaishou video-sharing platform
Authors: Zhou Min , Liu Shih-Diing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the practices of precarious playbour on Kuaishou, a short-video platform embracing the idea of ‘recording the lives of ordinary people’ and attracting massive numbers of migrant youth to produce creative content as free labour. It examines how young migrants from rural areas in China engage in Kuaishou as a means of realising upwards socio-economic mobility by producing a tuwei (earthiness) culture which has a large fan base. It also examines the way in which they collaborate to cope with precarious conditions lacking guaranteed working time and income, and labour protection. The article attempts to build a conversation with existing scholarship that addresses the ‘exploitation vs. empowerment’ dialectic of labour production. Instead, we address the complexity of digital labour production characterised by a collaborative and symbiotic relationship between social media platforms and users. Through ‘play’ with their followers that generates profit for the digital platform, migrant youth voluntarily accept the uncertain, unpredictable, and risky conditions of digital labour production. They are, however, not passively subjected to platform exploitation but can instead reclaim agency by actively seeking to collaborate with other users to cope with increasing precariousness.
Distance Learning in Children with and without ADHD: A Case-control Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tessarollo Valeria , Scarpellini Francesca , Costantino Ilaria , Cartabia Massimo , Canevini Maria Paola , Bonati Maurizio 
Published: August 2021

Objective: This research involved the parents of ADHD students to explore how their children coped with online distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic and what implications this schooling method had on their emotional and behavioral well-being. Method: Data were collected during lockdown using an online questionnaire addressed to 100 mothers and were compared with 184 matched controls from a national survey launched in the same period. Results: Attention span, spontaneous commitment, and autonomy in distance learning was found to be more limited in ADHD group. Compared to controls, 21.7% of ADHD students were not assessed and 40.9% did not receive grades. Behavioral changes were reported in both groups (64.2%), represented mainly by restlessness, aggressiveness, and anxiety. Conclusion: Distance education increases academic difficulties, especially in ADHD pupils. The effects of lockdown should be adequately evaluated upon school reopening and appropriate recovery interventions should be planned.
Patient generated aerosol in the context of ophthalmic surgery
Authors: Anguita Rodrigo , Brennan Nicholas , Ramsden Conor M , Mehat Manjit , Keegan David , Cahill Ronan , Nolan Kevin , O’Toole Louise , Wickham Louisa 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To assess the patterns of patient generated aerosol in the context of ophthalmic surgery and ophthalmic examinations. To inform medical teams regarding potential hazards and suggest mitigating measures. Methods: Qualitatively, real-time time videography assessed exhalation patterns from simulated patients under different clinical scenarios using propylene glycol from an e-cigarette. Quantitatively, high-speed Schlieren imaging was performed to enable high resolution recordings analysable by MATLAB technical computing software. Results: Without a face mask, the standard prior to COVID 19, vapour was observed exiting through the opening in the drape over the surgical field. The amount of vapour increased when a surgical mask was worn. With a taped face mask, the amount of vapour decreased and with inclusion of a continuous suction device, the least amount of vapour was seen. These results were equivocal when the patient was supine or sitting upright. High-speed Schlieren imaging corroborated these findings and in addition showed substantial increase in airflow egress during coughing and with ill-fitting face masks. Conclusion: Advising patients to wear a surgical mask at the time of ophthalmic interventions potentially contaminants the ocular field with patient generated aerosol risking endophthalmitis. Surgeon safety can be maintained with personal protective equipment to mitigate the increased egress of vapour from the surgical drape and taping, with or without suction is advisable, whilst meticulous hygiene around lenses is required at the time of slit lamp examination.
Adjustment for survey non-participation using record linkage and multiple imputation: A validity assessment exercise using the Health 2000 survey
Authors: Mcminn Megan A. , Martikainen Pekka , Härkänen Tommi , Tolonen Hanna , Pitkänen Joonas , Leyland Alastair H. , Gray Linsay 
Published: August 2021

Aims: It is becoming increasingly possible to obtain additional information about health survey participants, though not usually non-participants, via record linkage. We aimed to assess the validity of an assumption underpinning a method developed to mitigate non-participation bias. We use a survey in Finland where it is possible to link both participants and non-participants to administrative registers. Survey-derived alcohol consumption is used as the exemplar outcome. Methods: Data on participants (85.5%) and true non-participants of the Finnish Health 2000 survey (invited survey sample N=7167 aged 30-79 years) and a contemporaneous register-based population sample ( N=496,079) were individually linked to alcohol-related hospitalisation and death records. Applying the methodology to create synthetic observations on non-participants, we created ‘inferred samples’ (participants and inferred non-participants). Relative differences (RDs) between the inferred sample and the invited survey sample were estimated overall and by education. Five per cent limits were used to define acceptable RDs. Results: Average weekly consumption estimates for men were 129 g and 131 g of alcohol in inferred and invited survey samples, respectively (RD –1.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) –2.2 to –0.04%) and 35 g for women in both samples (RD –1.1%; 95% CI –2.4 to –0.8%). Estimates for men with secondary levels of education had the greatest RD (–2.4%; 95% CI –3.7 to –1.1%). Conclusions: The sufficiently small RDs between inferred and invited survey samples support the assumption validity and use of our methodology for adjusting for non-participation. However, the presence of some significant differences means caution is required.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes of hip fracture patients during the first lockdown of COVID-19, lessons learnt: A retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Iyengar Karthikeyan P , Khatir Mohammed , Mohamed Muyed Kamal Awadalla , Kariya Ankur D , Jain Vijay Kumar , Sangani Chetan , Adam Riad F , Suraliwala Khushroo 
Published: August 2021

Background The management of hip fracture patients has been challenging across the UK in the wake of emergency coronavirus disease 2019 guidelines. Aims This retrospective, observational cohort study analyses the impact of the first lockdown during the early part of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the management of hip fracture patients at a district general hospital in the UK. Methods Comparative analysis to assess hip fracture patients treated at this Trust between 1 April to 31 May 2019 and 1 April to 31 May 2020 was undertaken. The primary outcome measures appraised were 30 and 60-day mortality and the secondary outcome measure included time to surgery. Results There was a higher 30 and 60-day mortality rate in the first lockdown period at 8.1% and 13.5%, respectively, compared to 1.96% and 5.88% in 2019. A significantly lower proportion of hip fracture patients at 59.46% were operated within the 36h target time frame during the first lockdown. Conclusion In our Trust, hip fractures were treated as obligatory injuries. However, the mortality was higher in the 2020 cohort with a significant reduction in patients achieving the recommended ‘36 hours’ time to surgery target and accruement of Best Practice Tariff. Enhanced infection control strategies have prepared us for the future.
Risk Perception and Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Among Healthcare Workers in Primary and Secondary Healthcare Settings in Qatar: A National Study
Authors: Kader Nisha , Elhusein Bushra , Al Abdulla Samya , Hamza Abdul Hakeem , Al Maslamani Muna , Chandra Prem , Perayil Rasheedali , Vincent Jojo , Gunashekaran Josephine , Alabdulla Majid 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, primary and secondary healthcare workers (HCWs) have faced unprecedented stress, jeopardizing their mental well-being. Aims: To compare risk perception and psychological distress between primary and secondary HCWs. Method: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted with HCWs in Qatar from April 5 to July 5, 2020. Psychological distress and risk perception were assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, a perceived COVID-19 risk questionnaire, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: Of the 4417 participating HCWs, 3421 (90.3%) felt that their job increased their risk of COVID-19 exposure, 3759 (90.9%) accepted this as part of their job, and 3440 worried that this also increased the risk of exposure to their families. Moreover, 2911 (84.8%) believed that their employer would look after their needs if they contracted COVID-19. Moderate to severe psychological distress was present in 1346 (30.5%) HCWs. Primary HCWs were less likely to experience moderate to severe psychological distress than secondary HCWs (adjusted OR, 0.48; 95% CI 0.29-0.77, P = .003). Secondary HCWs who worked in COVID-19 designated areas had greater psychological distress. Conclusions: HCWs’ exposure to outbreaks has various psychological effects, which may have long-term consequences and affect their decision-making capacity. Strategies to enhance the mental well-being of HCWs exposed to COVID-19 should be introduced immediately.
Facile Fabrication of BiF3: Ln (Ln = Gd, Yb, Er)@PVP Nanoparticles for High-Efficiency Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Xie Jun , Zhou Zonglang , Ma Sihan , Luo Xian , Liu Jiajing , Wang Shengyu , Chen Yuqiang , Yan Jianghua , Luo Fanghong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractX-ray computed tomography (CT) has been widely used in clinical practice, and contrast agents such as Iohexol are often used to enhance the contrast of CT imaging between normal and diseased tissue. However, such contrast agents can have some toxicity. Thus, new CT contrast agents are urgently needed. Owing to the high atomic number (Z = 83), low cost, good biological safety, and great X-ray attenuation property (5.74 cm2 kg−1 at 100 keV), bismuth has gained great interest from researchers in the field of nano-sized CT contrast agents. Here, we synthesized BiF3: Ln@PVP nanoparticles (NPs) with an average particle size of about 380 nm. After coating them with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the BiF3: Ln@PVP NPs possessed good stability and great biocompatibility. Meanwhile, compared with the clinical contrast agent Iohexol, BiF3: Ln@PVP NPs showed superior in vitro CT imaging contrast. Subsequently, after in situ injection with BiF3: Ln@PVP NPs, the CT value of the tumor site after the injection was significantly higher than that before the injection (the CT value of the pre-injection and post-injection was 48.9 HU and 194.58 HU, respectively). The morphology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can be clearly observed over time after oral administration of BiF3: Ln@PVP NPs. Finally, the BiF3: Ln@PVP NPs were completely discharged from the GI tract of mice within 48 h of oral administration with no obvious damage to the GI tract. In summary, our easily synthesized BiF3: Ln@PVP NPs can be used as a potential clinical contrast agent and may have broad application prospects in CT imaging.
HELLO: improved neural network architectures and methodologies for small variant calling
Authors: Ramachandran Anand , Lumetta Steven S. , Klee Eric W. , Chen Deming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundModern Next Generation- and Third Generation- Sequencing methods such as Illumina and PacBio Circular Consensus Sequencing platforms provide accurate sequencing data. Parallel developments in Deep Learning have enabled the application of Deep Neural Networks to variant calling, surpassing the accuracy of classical approaches in many settings. DeepVariant, arguably the most popular among such methods, transforms the problem of variant calling into one of image recognition where a Deep Neural Network analyzes sequencing data that is formatted as images, achieving high accuracy. In this paper, we explore an alternative approach to designing Deep Neural Networks for variant calling, where we use meticulously designed Deep Neural Network architectures and customized variant inference functions that account for the underlying nature of sequencing data instead of converting the problem to one of image recognition.ResultsResults from 27 whole-genome variant calling experiments spanning Illumina, PacBio and hybrid Illumina-PacBio settings suggest that our method allows vastly smaller Deep Neural Networks to outperform the Inception-v3 architecture used in DeepVariant for indel and substitution-type variant calls. For example, our method reduces the number of indel call errors by up to 18%, 55% and 65% for Illumina, PacBio and hybrid Illumina-PacBio variant calling respectively, compared to a similarly trained DeepVariant pipeline. In these cases, our models are between 7 and 14 times smaller.ConclusionsWe believe that the improved accuracy and problem-specific customization of our models will enable more accurate pipelines and further method development in the field. HELLO is available athttps://github.com/anands-repo/hello
Post cardiac injury syndrome successfully treated with medications: a report of two cases
Authors: Huang Mu-Shiang , Su Yan-Hua , Chen Ju-Yi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPost cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS) is induced by myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery, as well as minor insults to the heart such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or insertion of a pacing lead. PCIS is characterized by pericarditis after injury to the heart. The relatively low incidence makes differential diagnosis of PCIS after PCI or implantation of a pacemaker a challenge. This report describes two typical cases of PCIS.Case presentationThe first patient presented with signs of progressive cardiac tamponade that occurred two weeks after implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Echocardiography confirmed the presence of a moderate amount of newly-formed pericardial effusion. The second patient underwent PCI for the right coronary artery. However, despite an uneventful procedure, the patient experienced dyspnea, tightness of chest and cold sweats, and bradycardia two hours after the procedure. Echocardiography findings, which showed a moderate amount of newly-formed pericardial effusion, suggested acute cardiac tamponade, and compromised hemodynamics. Both patients recovered with medication.ConclusionThese cases illustrated that PCIS can occur after minor myocardial injury, and that the possibility of PCIS should be considered if there is a history of possible cardiac insult.
Anatomical and positional variants of the brachiocephalic trunk in a Mexican population
Authors: Jasso-Ramírez Nadia Gabriela , Elizondo-Omaña Rodrigo E. , Garza-Rico Ingrid Abigail , Aguilar-Morales Kouatzin , Quiroga-Garza Alejandro , Elizondo-Riojas Guillermo , Treviño-González José Luis , Guzman-Lopez Santos 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBrachiocephalic trunk (BCT) variants may have a clinical impact during surgical procedures, some of which could be fatal. The objective of this study was to classify height positions of the BCT and report their prevalence in a Mexican population.MethodsPatients: A retrospective, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional was performed using computed tomography angiography (CTA) of adult (> 18 years of age) patients, without gender distinction, of Mexican origin. Measuring techniques were standardized using the suprasternal notch to analyze linear and maximum heights, linear and curved lengths, and the vertebral origin and bifurcation levels of the BCT.ResultsA total of 270 CTA were obtained (66.7% men and 33.3% women). A high position of BCT was present in 64.81% (n 175/270). The mean linear medial height was 0.58 ± 1.91 cm, the maximum height of the free edge was 3.85 ± 2.04 cm, side length of the midline at the maximum height of the free edge was 1.46 ± 2.59, linear length 3.72 ± 0.70, and a curve length 3.99 ± 0.79. The BCT origin was most predominant at the T3 (57.9%) and T4 (27.0%) vertebral levels, with the bifurcation at T2 (57.9%) and T1 (36.2%).ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of high position BCT in our population. Patients should be assessed before any procedures in the area, due to the potential risk of complications.