bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear of mating out (FOMO): voyeurism does not increase mating propensity in fruit flies
Authors: Vega-Trejo Regina , Sanghvi Krish , Todorova Biliana , Sepil Irem , Bath Eleanor 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMate availability and social information can influence mating behaviour in both males and females. Social information obtained from conspecifics can influence mate choice, particularly shown by studies on mate choice copying. However, the role of directly observing conspecific mating on mating behaviour has been less explored. As such, whether conspecifics are copulating or not could inform ‘observers’ about the availability of mates, or even stimulate observers to mate themselves. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we tested whether exposure to the visual cue of a mating pair would increase the mating propensity of an observer pair (i.e., voyeur). We followed a factorial design where a male-female pair (voyeur flies) were placed together with or without visual access to another pair of flies (who were either mating or not mating). We found no evidence that mating latency or duration of mating were affected by whether voyeurs had visual access to a mating or non-mating pair. These results could be due to biological factors (e.g., use of other non-visual cues by flies to acquire information related to sex), or methodological limitations of our study (e.g., flies unable to watch other pairs). Generally, our results suggest that fruit flies do not use visual cues from conspecifics mating to adjust their own mating latency or mating duration.
Mathematical model for managing vector-borne pathogen outbreaks in chickens using impulsive vaccination and drug treatment
Authors: Trachoo Kamonchat , Prathumwan Din , Padasee Darunee , Paopan Supatcha , Chaiya Inthira 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an epidemic mathematical model with an impulsive vaccination strategy to predict outbreaks in chickens caused by vectors. The analysis of the model is divided into two parts: one considering impulsive vaccination and the other without it. We determine the basic reproduction number of disease transmission and analyze the stability conditions of the proposed model for both disease-free and endemic equilibria, addressing both local and global stability. The results reveal that the disease will die out when the basic reproduction number is less than one. Numerical simulations demonstrate that impulsive vaccination significantly reduces the number of exposed and infected chickens, leading to disease eradication in approximately 270 days, compared to over 360 days without impulsive vaccination. The existence and non-negativity of the model solutions are also investigated. The susceptible population is considered to be vaccinated. We find that the periodic solution of the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable under specific conditions outlined in the proposed theorem. This highlights the effectiveness of impulsive vaccination strategies in controlling disease transmission.
Micromorphological features of brown rotted wood revealed by broad argon ion beam milling
Authors: Tsukida Rikako , Hatano Tomohiro , Kojima Yuka , Nakaba Satoshi , Horikawa Yoshiki , Funada Ryo , Goodell Barry , Yoshida Makoto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBrown rot fungi, the major decomposers in the boreal coniferous forests, cause a unique wood decay pattern but many aspects of brown rot decay mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, decayed wood samples were prepared by cultivation of the brown rot fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Coniophora puteana on Japanese coniferous wood of Cryptomeria japonica, and the cutting planes were prepared using broad ion beam (BIB) milling, which enables observation of intact wood, in addition to traditional microtome sections. Samples were observed using field-emission SEM revealing that areas inside the end walls of ray parenchyma cells were the first to be degraded. Osmium reaction precipitates were observed in the degraded regions, as well as in plasmodesmata. In the cell wall where ray parenchyma cells contacted with the tracheids, specific degradation of cross-field pits and hyphal elongation into this area was observed in degradation by both fungi. Other pit types were also degraded as noted in previous studies. Delamination between the S1 and S2 layers of tracheids, and cracks in the tracheid cell walls were observed. These findings provide new insights into the cell wall degradation mechanisms during the incipient stages of brown rot decay.
Revealing and mitigating the inhibitory effect of serotonin on HRP-mediated protein labelling
Authors: Chan Zora Chui-Kuen , Qi Cheng , Cai Yuanhong , Li Xin , Ren Jing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProximity-dependent biotinylation coupled with mass spectrometry enables the characterization of subcellular proteomes. This technique has significantly advanced neuroscience by revealing sub-synaptic protein networks, such as the synaptic cleft and post-synaptic density. Profiling proteins at this detailed level is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of neuronal connectivity and transmission. Despite its recent successful application to various neuronal types, proximity labelling has yet to be employed to study the serotonin system. In this study, we uncovered an unreported inhibitory mechanism of serotonin on horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-based biotinylation. Our result showed that serotonin significantly reduces biotinylation levels across various Biotin-XX-tyramide (BxxP) concentrations in HEK293T cells and primary neurons, whereas dopamine exerts minimal interference, highlighting the specificity of this inhibition. To counteract this inhibition, we demonstrated that Dz-PEG, an aryl diazonium compound that consumes serotonin through an azo-coupling reaction, restores biotinylation efficiency. Label-free quantitative proteomics confirmed that serotonin inhibits biotinylation, and that Dz-PEG effectively reverses this inhibition. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for neurotransmitter interference in proximity-dependent biotinylation studies, especially for cell-type specific profiling in neuroscience. Additionally, we provided a potential strategy to mitigate these challenges, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of such studies.
Study on the determination method of excitation load in electrical signal simulation for piezoelectric ultrasonic internal inspection of pipelines
Authors: Xu Guangli , Liu Jianwen , Wen Qiang , Zheng Yuejun , Cai Liangxue 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccurately determining the initial acoustic field excitation load of a piezoelectric ultrasonic probe is essential for simulating electrical signals and calculating wall thickness during ultrasonic internal inspection of pipelines. A new method for determining the initial excitation load of the acoustic field is proposed, incorporating the focusing effect of the curved surface of pipelines on the ultrasonic signal from the piezoelectric ultrasonic probe. Finite element models were established for the new and old methods using COMSOL software, facilitating the analysis of the initial acoustic field distribution and associated electrical signal characteristics. Scenarios considered included pipelines with and without inner wall defects, and with or without a deviation angle between the pipeline and the probe. The pipeline wall thickness was calculated inversely for each condition. Comparisons with actual wall thickness revealed that the initial excitation load determined by the new method significantly improved accuracy in wall thickness inversion, compared to the published existing method. This indicates that considering the focusing effect of the curved surface of pipelines on ultrasonic signals enhances the accuracy of simulation for piezoelectric ultrasonic internal inspection. This lays the groundwork for developing a digital research and development platform tailored for the ultrasonic internal detectors of pipeline.
Nitrogen use efficiency underlies cross-ecosystem variation in marine primary production
Authors: Chan Francis , Nielsen Karina J. , Lubchenco Jane , Menge Bruce A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe supply of nitrogen (N) and the efficiency with which it is used by phytoplankton serve as two fundamental controls on the productivity of many marine ecosystems. Shifts in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) can decouple primary production from N-supply but how NUE varies across systems is poorly known. Through a global synthesis of how total N (TN) is apportioned among phytoplankton, particulate, dissolved inorganic, and dissolved organic pools, we demonstrate that NUE underlies broad variations in primary production. Across coastal and open ocean systems, the biomass of autotrophs scales non-linearly with the size of the ecosystem N pool according to a simple equation (chla = 0.004*TN2.38) that captures 68% of the variance in chlorophyll-a (chla) concentration. Such variation in NUE does not arise from organism-level variation in N-use but reflects ecosystem-level shifts in N-distribution among phytoplankton and dissolved organic-N pools. Because these pools differ in their potential for N-retention, shifts in NUE provide a set of common feedback mechanisms that can act to regulate the long-term stock of N in the surface ocean. Cross-system patterns in NUE provide a set of common relationships for predicting how ocean productivity may respond to future perturbations in N-supply.
Assessment of grazing livestock balance on the Eastern Mongolian Plateau based on remote sensing monitoring and grassland carrying capacity evaluation
Authors: Li Menghan , Wang Juanle , Li Kai , Liu Yaping , Ochir Altansukh , Davaasuren Davaadorj 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRational utilization of natural resources is crucial in arid and semi-arid areas due to their vulnerable ecosystems and low resource resilience. Achieving a balance between grassland production and livestock grazing, known as the pasture-livestock balance, is essential for the sustainable development of grassland resources on the Mongolian Plateau (MP). This study focuses on the grassland regions of 8 provinces in eastern Mongolia (MNG) and 7 leagues in Inner Mongolia (IMNG), China, during the period from 2018 to 2022. Machine learning methods were employed for land cover classification and above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation. The grassland carrying capacity was assessed using the grassland carrying capacity index (GCC). The results indicate that: (1) The grassland classification accuracy on the MP exceeds 95%, with grassland area accounting for approximately 47% of the total.(2)The AGB of the grasslands exhibits a clear spatial heterogeneity, increasing from southwest to northeast. Additionally, nearly 80% of the grassland productivity is of high quality, reaching up to 250 g/m2.(3) Between 2018 and 2022, the MP exhibited a relatively high grassland carrying capacity, with an average of 1.8 SU/ha. However, the overall grassland carrying condition has gradually deteriorated, primarily due to factors such as grassland fires and an increase in livestock numbers. Based on the varying degrees of grassland degradation, different policy recommendations have been proposed. This study approach, findings and policy suggestions are significant for the development of livestock farming and grassland management on the MP.
Mixed metal conductive MOFs constructed from Trypan blue linked metal nodes: characteristic features and electrochemical performance
Authors: Shukla Shubhangi , Joshi Naveen Narasimhachar , Kadian Sachin , Sahoo Siba Sundar , Narayan Roger J. 
Published: December 2024

Scheme shows the incorporation of Trypan blue (Try) as an organic linker in designing bimetallic organic frameworks. Rct values indicate 3d–3d MOFs can achieve a more conductive network compared to 3d–4f MOFs.
A novel non‐contact voltage measurement based on distribution lines
Authors: Shen Jie , Liu Lina , Li Xiaojun , Tu Yaxin , Liu Bing , Deng Shuyu , Yang Xiaoxiao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCurrently, for distribution line voltage measurement, there is no effective and convenient dynamic calibration method of coupling capacitance for capacitive coupling‐based sensors. Therefore, a differential non‐contact voltage measurement method based on harmonic injection is proposed in this paper. Based on the single‐probe measurement, a shield is used to reduce the interference of external stray capacitance on the measurement; the probe is improved and a differential circuit structure is introduced, which eliminates the input capacitance of the op‐amp; then harmonics are injected into the measurement circuit, and the discrete Fourier transform is used to extract the fundamental frequency and harmonic components in the response signal, and the coupling capacitance parameter is solved by the ratio of the harmonic source to the harmonic response signal and then substituting it into the fundamental equation to achieve the dynamic calibration of the coupling capacitance and fundamental response signal, and the coupling capacitance dynamic calibration and fundamental response signal dynamic calibration, capacitance dynamic calibration and the measurement of fundamental voltage signal; finally, the measurement method proposed in the article can meet the measurement requirements of a 400 V distribution network as shown in the simulation results, and the maximum voltage measurement error is less than 0.4%.
An activity scheduling and multi‐agent micro‐simulation platform (ASMMSP) based on long‐term cellular data and considering multi‐mode transfer
Authors: Zhou Jianyao , Yang Fei , Guo Yudong , Wang Lilei , Yao Zhenxing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith the growth of urban residential density, cities have developed into metropolitan, resulting in increasingly complex individual travel behaviours. These developments pose challenges to current simulation models in activity scheduling. This paper proposed an activity scheduling and multi‐agent micro‐simulation platform (ASMMSP). By incorporating long‐term cellular data, the platform can eliminate the reliance on personal attributes in activity scheduling, which improves the simulation flexibility and accuracy. ASMMSP also focuses on transfer behaviours between different travel modes. The platform comprises three systems: agent, public transportation, and road network. At each moment, agents evaluate their current states and activity schedules, then change schedules based on the comparison results, current travel conditions, and historical travels. ASMMSP reconstructs the traffic condition within the research area by integrating the current traffic flow and activity schedules iteratively. Furthermore, ASMMSP allows for observation of real‐time traffic conditions. It also enables adjustments to public transportation, road network structure, and traffic volume, which can simulate the traffic impact from emergencies, gatherings, road maintenance, and public transportation adjustments. These functions support traffic models applied in traffic planning, development, and construction. Finally, this paper demonstrates the above capabilities through two case studies in the first ring road of Chengdu.
A calibration approach for compensating hysteresis and nonlinearity error in an MEMS based instrument for porewater pressure monitoring
Authors: Barzegar Milad , Gharehdash Saba , Timms Wendy 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicro‐electro‐mechanical system (MEMS) technology is becoming increasingly popular in geotechnical and hydrological monitoring due to their distinct features, including its small size, low cost, low energy consumption, and resistance to vibration shock. Due to the nature of design, they exhibit a series of errors, and most importantly, hysteresis and nonlinearity, which should be compensated before any practical application in order to achieve the highest degree of accuracy and precision. This article proposes a practical approach to enhance the accuracy of a newly developed MEMS instrument for groundwater monitoring. The hysteresis and nonlinearity errors were compensated using an integrated two‐step approach with an optimized Preisach model and an optimized spline approximation, respectively. A hybrid differential evolution‐hill climbing algorithm was utilized to achieve optimum models. This optimization algorithm integrates global and local search, offering higher accuracy and computational stability with a lower calibration point requirement. Analysing the results indicates that the nonlinearity error shows an improvement of more than 94% and hysteresis decreased up to 67%. The results illustrate that the compensation can be performed very well using the proposed methodology with lower uncertainty, mean square error, and standard deviation compared to non‐optimized models.
Magnetic connectivity of coronal loops and flare-accelerated electrons in a B-class flare
Authors: Bröse M. , Vocks C. , Warmuth A. , Mann G. , Dabrowski B. , Krankowski A. , Magdalenić J. , Bisi M. M. , Rothkaehl H. , Zucca P. 
Published: December 2024

Context. In solar flares, non-potential magnetic field energy is transferred to particle acceleration, heating, and radiation. Multi-wavelength observations of the solar corona in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray show the consequences of magnetic reconfiguration in lower heights, while radio observations contain information about the access of flare-accelerated electrons to greater heights in the solar atmosphere. Signs of downward and upward particle propagation do not always appear symmetrically, they depend on the acceleration process, the sensitivity of the instruments, and the magnetic connectivity. The magnetic connectivity in various flare phases is therefore a key element to study in order to gain a better understanding of combined flare observations.
Aims. We aim to draw conclusions about the magnetic connectivity of specific coronal loops in the active region, the acceleration region, and the higher corona with respect to different phases of the flare process.
Methods. We investigate the evolution of particle acceleration, loops heated by the energy release, and the trajectories of flare-accelerated electrons observed up to one solar radius (1 RS) above the active region in a B-class flare on 6 June 2020. We studied the downward particle acceleration and thermal evolution with observations by the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays and with a reconstruction code based on EUV observations. Traces of flare-accelerated electrons, namely, type-III radio bursts, were investigated with a spectroscopic solar dynamic radio imager (LOw Frequency ARray). The radio source positions in heights of 0.4 RS–1.0 RS were compared with the thermal evolution of coronal loops and with a solar magnetic field model.
Results. In this flare event, similar magnetic reconnection processes and accompanied heating processes are triggered several times. For loops and periods with access to the higher corona, type-III bursts from similar reconnection process are emitted along similar propagation trajectories. There are no radio bursts associated with the heating process of the main flaring loop.
Conclusions. In this event, the large-scale magnetic field is rather stable and seems not to be affected by the flare. The access to loops reaching heights of half a solar radius or more is suppressed during the main flare phase for flare-accelerated electrons. This may lead to more effective heating and absent type-III radio bursts between 20 MHz and 85 MHz.
Exploring the non-thermal physics behind the pulsar wind nebula PSR J2030+4415 through radio observations
Authors: Paredes J. M. , Benaglia P. , Bosch-Ramon V. , Tej A. , Saha A. , Martí J. , Bordas P. 
Published: December 2024

Context. PSR J2030+4415 is a gamma-ray pulsar with an X-ray pulsar wind nebula elongated along the north-south direction. The system shows a prominent X-ray filament oriented at an angle of 130° to the nebula axis.
Aims. To improve our understanding of the non-thermal processes occurring in the pulsar wind nebula, we attempted to determine the possible existence of a radio counterpart, study its morphology, and obtain restrictive upper limits of the pulsar and filament emission at radio wavelengths.
Methods. We performed observations of the pulsar PSR J2030+4415 and its surroundings with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) at two frequency bands, and put the results in context with findings at other wavelengths.
Results. We obtained radio images at 736 and 1274 MHz that reveal a structure trailing the pulsar, with a morphology overlapping the X-ray nebula. This radio structure is the radio counterpart of the X-ray pulsar wind nebula. The derived spectral index along this structure shows spatial variation. There are no hints of the pulsar and the filament at any of the explored radio frequencies, but we obtained restrictive upper limits. A physical scenario that combines the radio and the X-ray observations, and consistent with IR data, of the nebula and the filament is presented. We propose that particle acceleration occurs in the nebula tail due to the presence of a re-collimation shock, and the highest energy particles gradually escape from it through energy-dependent diffusion. We also find a lower limit in the energy of the particles escaping along the X-ray filament of ~GeV.
Raman activity and high electron mobility of piezoelectric semiconductor GaSiX2 (X = N, P, and As) toward flexible nanoelectronic devices
Authors: Vu Tuan V , Hiep Nguyen T , Vi Vo T T , Phuc Huynh V , Kartamyshev A I , Hieu Nguyen N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Inspired by the urgent demand for novel multifunctional materials in advanced technology applications, herein, first-principles calculations are utilized to construct new two-dimensional GaSiX
2 (X = N, P, As) monolayers. After optimizing the GaSiX
2 crystal structures, their stabilities, Raman responses, piezoelectricity, and electronic/transport characteristics are systematically studied. Results from phonon dispersions, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, elastic constants, and cohesive energies confirm the good dynamic, thermal, energetic, and mechanical stabilities of the proposed GaSiX
2 monolayers. Based on the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof approach, the GaSiX
2 exhibit semiconductor behaviors with favorable bandgaps for absorption of the visible spectrum of 1.82 for GaSiP2 and 1.43 eV for GaSiAs2 monolayer. In addition, the GaSiX
2 monolayers also show piezoelectric effects, and high in-plane piezoelectric coefficients d
11 are found for the GaSiP2 (−1.16

pm

V

−
1

) and GaSiAs2 (−1.26

pm

V

−
1

). The carrier mobilities of the GaSiX
2 are estimated by the deformation potential method for their transport properties. Along two in-plane transport directions, the carrier mobilities of the GaSiX
2 are anisotropy for holes and electrons. GaSiP2 and GaSiAs2 show large electron mobilities along the x axis of 2816.99 and 1211.41 cm2V−1s−1, respectively. Thus, the GaSiP2 and GaSiAs2 monolayers not only have high anisotropic electron mobilities but also favorable bandgaps and large piezoelectric coefficients, indicating potential applications of GaSiP2 and GaSiAs2 in electronic, photovoltaic, and piezoelectric devices. The findings of this study may provide insights into the GaSiX
2 monolayers for multifunctional applications.