bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Choice Modeling
Authors: Wang Zheng Joyce , Busemeyer Jerome R. 
Published: March 2021

The emerging interdisciplinary field of cognitive choice models integrates theory and recent research findings from both decision process and choice behavior.
Cognitive decision processes provide the interface between the environment and brain, enabling choice behavior, and the basic cognitive mechanisms underlying decision processes are fundamental to all fields of human activity. Yet cognitive processes and choice processes are often studied separately, whether by decision theorists, consumer researchers, or social scientists. In Cognitive Choice Modeling, Zheng Joyce Wang and Jerome Busemeyer introduce a new cognitive modeling approach to the study of human choice behavior. Integrating recent research findings from both cognitive science and choice behavior, they lay the groundwork for the emerging interdisciplinary field of cognitive choice modeling.
The authors focus on individual choice behavior. They begin with a survey of decision science, covering such areas as utility theory, random utility models, and statistical methods for estimating and comparing choice models. They then introduce recent cognitive psychology theories on signal detection and sequential sampling in decision-making. They cover applications of sequential sampling models to both evidence-based and value-based decisions. Their discussion of recent theoretical findings on the integration of learning and choice includes the differences between model-free and model-based learning theories. Having presented the foundational behavioral findings, they move on to the rapid progress being made toward understanding the relations between cognitive choice models and the neural mechanisms underlying choice behavior. Finally, they examine new research directions, including process models based on quantum probability principles.
Arsenic transfer along the soil-sclerotium-stroma chain in Chinese cordyceps and the related health risk assessment
Authors: Liu YuGuo , Shi Ming , Liu XiaoShan , Xie JinYing , Yang RunHuang , Ma QiaoWei , Guo LianXian 
Published: March 2021

Background
Chinese cordyceps (Lepidoptera: Ophiocordyceps sinensis)is a larval-fungus complex. The concentration and distribution of arsenic (As) may vary during the stroma (ST) germination process and between the sclerotium (SC) and the ST. The soil-to-Chinese cordyceps system is an environmental arsenic exposure pathway for humans. We studied the As concentration in the soil, the SC, and the ST of Chinese cordyceps, and performed a risk assessment.

Methods
Soil and Chinese cordyceps samples were collected from the Tibetan Plateau in China. The samples were analyzed for the total As concentration and As species determination, which were conducted by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and HPLC-ICP-MS, respectively.

Results
The concentration of total As in the soil was much higher than in SC and ST. The major As species in the soil was inorganic AsV. In SC and ST, organic As was predominant, and the majority of As was an unknown organic form. There are significant differences in the As distribution and composition in soil, SC, and ST. Our risk assessment indicated that chronic daily ingestion was higher than inhalation and dermal exposure in children and adults. The hazard index (HI) of the non-carcinogenic and cancer risks (CR) for human health were HI ≤ 1 and CR < 1 × 10−4, respectively.

Conclusion
The Chinese cordyceps possesses highly-efficient detoxifying characteristics and has a significant role in As transformation during its life cycle. We found that the levels of As in soils from the habitat of Chinese cordyceps were higher than the soil background values in China, but the probability for incurring health risks remained within the acceptable levels for humans.
Vidas Negras Importam! Um estudo sobre os indicadores sociais da mortalidade materna de mulheres negras na Paraíba
Authors: Mendes Alessandra Gomes de Souza , Eduardo Gabriela Nogueira 
Published: March 2021

<p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, serif;">O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral refletir sobre a Politica Nacional de Atenção Integral a Saúde da População Negra como ferramenta para enfrentamento das iniquidades raciais no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Assim, levantou-se um questionamento: Como se apresentam os indicadores de mortalidade materna com recorte de cor? Para tanto, fizemos um levantamento dos óbitos com recorte de cor, escolaridade, estado civil, idade e causa de morte por Código de Identificação da Doença (CID) capitulo IV (doenças endócrinas e nutricionais) no Estado da Paraíba durante o período de 2003 a 2013.</span></p><div id="sdfootnote1"><p align="justify"> </p></div>
Centrosomal protein FOR20 knockout mice display embryonic lethality and left‐right patterning defects
Authors: Xu Zhangqi , Liu Min , Gao Cheng , Kuang Wenjun , Chen Xiying , Liu Feifei , Ge Bai , Yan Xiaoyi , Zhou Tianhua , Xie Shanshan 
Published: March 2021

Centrosomal protein FOR20 has been reported to be crucial for essential cellular processes, including ciliogenesis, cell migration, and cell cycle in vertebrates. However, the function of FOR20 during mammalian embryonic development remains unknown. To investigate the in vivo function of the For20 gene in mammals, we generated For20 homozygous knockout mice by gene targeting. Our data reveal that homozygous knockout of For20 results in significant embryonic growth arrest and lethality during gestation, while the heterozygotes show no obvious defects. The absence of For20 leads to impaired left‐right patterning of embryos and reduced cilia in the embryonic node. Deletion of For20 also disrupts angiogenesis in yolk sacs and embryos. These results highlight a critical role of For20 in early mammalian embryogenesis.
An Organoid for Woven Bone
Authors: Akiva Anat , Melke Johanna , Ansari Sana , Liv Nalan , van der Meijden Robin , van Erp Merijn , Zhao Feihu , Stout Merula , Nijhuis Wouter H. , de Heus Cilia , Muñiz Ortera Claudia , Fermie Job , Klumperman Judith , Ito Keita , Sommerdijk Nico , Hofmann Sandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBone formation (osteogenesis) is a complex process in which cellular differentiation and the generation of a mineralized organic matrix are synchronized to produce a hybrid hierarchical architecture. To study the mechanisms of osteogenesis in health and disease, there is a great need for functional model systems that capture in parallel, both cellular and matrix formation processes. Stem cell‐based organoids are promising as functional, self‐organizing 3D in vitro models for studying the physiology and pathology of various tissues. However, for human bone, no such functional model system is yet available. This study reports the in vitro differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells into a functional 3D self‐organizing co‐culture of osteoblasts and osteocytes, creating an organoid for early stage bone (woven bone) formation. It demonstrates the formation of an organoid where osteocytes are embedded within the collagen matrix that is produced by the osteoblasts and mineralized under biological control. Alike in in vivo osteocytes, the embedded osteocytes show network formation and communication via expression of sclerostin. The current system forms the most complete 3D living in vitro model system to investigate osteogenesis, both in physiological and pathological situations, as well as under the influence of external triggers (mechanical stimulation, drug administration).
An NRP1/MDM2‐Targeted D‐Peptide Supramolecular Nanomedicine for High‐Efficacy and Low‐Toxic Liver Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhou Yunjiang , Chen Yaxin , Tan Yingying , Hu Rong , Niu Miao‐Miao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSupramolecular nanomedicines based on self‐assembly of D‐peptides have been of great interest as potential candidates for cancer therapy. Neuropilin‐1 (NRP1) and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) have been considered as the anticancer targets because of their overexpression in cancers. However, NRP1/MDM2‐targeted D‐peptide supramolecular nanomedicines remain unreported. Here, a potent anticancer D‐peptide supramolecular nanomedicine targeting NRP1 and MDM2, termed as NMTP‐5, is identified by using structure‐based virtual screening techniques. NMTP‐5 exhibits good biostability and strong cellular uptake performance. Moreover, NMTP‐5 displays strong anticancer activity to SK‐Hep‐1 cells in vitro and in vivo, with no apparent host toxicity. This work demonstrates that NMTP‐5 can be used as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of liver cancer.
Suppression of Nonradiative Recombination by Vacuum‐Assisted Process for Efficient Lead‐Free Tin Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wan Zhenxi , Ren Shengqiang , Lai Huagui , Jiang Yiting , Wu Xiaojun , Luo Jincheng , Wang Yunfan , He Rui , Chen Qiyu , Hao Xia , Wang Ye , Wu Lili , Constantinou Iordania , Zhang Wen‐Hua , Zhang Jingquan , Zhao Dewei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPower conversion efficiency (PCE) of lead (Pb)‐free tin (Sn)‐based perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is much lower than that of their Pb‐based counterparts, which is mainly attributed to large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) loss and poor fill factor (FF). In this work, a strategy via vacuum‐assisted treatment of the Sn perovskite layer to self‐heal defects in Sn perovskite is reported, leading to suppression of nonradiative recombination and enhancement of carrier transport capability. Using this method, a maximum PCE of 10.3% is obtained for dual FA‐MA (MA = methylammonium and FA = formamidinium) cation Sn‐based PVSCs with an improved VOC of 0.631 V and FF of 75.5%. This work suggests a facile approach to finely inhibit the defects in the bulk or at interfaces for Sn‐based devices and further facilitate development of highly efficient Sn‐based PVSCs.
Management of COVID‐19 infection in organic acidemias
Authors: Kaur Shagun , Campbell Stephanie L. , Stockton David W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has affected the health and healthcare of individuals of all ages worldwide. There have been multiple reports and reviews documenting a milder effect and decreased morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population, but there have only been a small number of reports discussing the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the setting of an inborn error of metabolism (IEM). Here, we report two patients with underlying metabolic disorders, propionic acidemia and glutaric aciduria type 1, and discuss their clinical presentation, as well as their infectious and metabolic management. Our report demonstrates that individuals with an underlying IEM are at risk of metabolic decompensation in the setting of a COVID‐19 infection. The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus does not appear to cause a more severe metabolic deterioration than is typical.
Enhanced interlaminar shear and impact performance of woven carbon/epoxy composites interleaved with needle punched high performance polyethylene fiber nonwoven
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Ahmad Ahsan , Adnan Muhammad , Nawab Yasir , Javed Zafar , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, high‐performance polyethylene (HPPE) fiber‐based needle punched nonwovens were interleaved in cross‐plied woven carbon fabric/epoxy composite laminates to enhance their interlaminar and impact properties. The placement of needle punched nonwoven interleaves exhibited considerable enhancement in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), impact damage tolerance, and compression after impact (CAI) strength of laminates as evidenced by higher interlaminar strength, less absorbed energy, higher elastic energy, reduced damage degree, reduced out‐of‐plane deformation, higher load‐bearing capacity, and higher residual compressive strength as compared to control sample. In particular, the composite laminate with placement of interleaves in alternating sequence between carbon plies resulted in 205.76% increase in ILSS and 129, 103 and 85% increase in CAI at 10, 25, and 40 J impact energy, respectively. Moreover, damaged surface area and out‐of‐plane deformation reduced to 38.75% and 62.5%, respectively for the same specimen impacted at 40 J energy. These results suggest that the HPPE fiber‐based needle punched nonwoven interleaving can be adopted as a simple and low‐cost approach compared with other interleaving techniques, to enhance the resistance to delamination, impact performance, and damage tolerance of traditional structural laminates.
Intrathecal pain management with ziconotide: Time for consensus?
Authors: Matis Georgios , De Negri Pasquale , Dupoiron Denis , Likar Rudolf , Zuidema Xander , Rasche Dirk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article summarizes recommendations made by six pain specialists who discussed the rationale for ziconotide intrathecal analgesia (ITA) and the requirement for evidence‐based guidance on its use, from a European perspective. Riemser Pharma GmbH (Greifswald, Germany), which holds the European marketing authorization for ziconotide, hosted the meeting. The group agreed that ITA is under‐used in Europe, adding that ziconotide ITA has potential to be a first‐line alternative to morphine; both are already first‐line options in the USA. Ziconotide ITA (initiated using a low‐dose, slow‐titration approach) is suitable for many patients with noncancer‐ or cancer‐related chronic refractory pain and no history of psychosis. Adopting ziconotide as first‐line ITA could reduce opioid usage in these patient populations. The group advocated a risk‐reduction strategy for all candidate patients, including compulsory prescreening for neuropsychosis, and requested US–European alignment of the licensed starting dose for ziconotide: the low‐and‐slow approach practiced in the USA has a better tolerability profile than the fixed high starting dose licensed in Europe. Of note, an update to the European Summary of Product Characteristics is anticipated in early 2021. The group acknowledged that the Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference (PACC) treatment algorithms for ziconotide ITA provide useful guidance, but recommendations tailored specifically for European settings are required. Before a consensus process can formally begin, the group called for additional European prospective studies to investigate ziconotide in low‐and‐slow dosing strategies, in different patient settings. Such data would enable European guidance to have the most appropriate evidence at its core.
Long‐term outcomes in patients with advanced adrenocortical carcinoma after image‐guided locoregional ablation or embolization
Authors: Mauda‐Havakuk Michal , Levin Elizabeth , Levy Elliot B. , Krishnasamy Venkatesh P. , Anderson Victoria , Jain Nidhi , Amalou Hayet , Fojo Tito , Edgerly Maureen , Wakim Paul G. , Hughes Marybeth S. , del Rivero Jaydira , Wood Bradford J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate outcomes and survival rates in patients with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) who were treated with image‐guided locoregional treatments (IGLTs).PurposeTo evaluate the overall survival (OS) and clinical impact of IGLT in the management of patients with advanced metastatic ACC.MethodsRetrospective review of 39 patients treated with IGLT between 1999 and 2018 was performed. Short‐ and long‐term efficacy of treatments were defined based upon imaging and clinical data. Subgroup survival analysis was performed on patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis (N = 17) and compared with the same stage group from the most recent National Cancer Database (NCDB) report. Statistical analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsTreatments were performed at different anatomic sites including liver (N = 46), lung (N = 14), retroperitoneum (N = 5), bone (N = 4), subcutaneous (N = 2), and intracaval (N = 1). Radiofrequency, microwave, cryoablation, or a combination of two modalities (45, 18, 3, 3, respectively) were used in 69 ablation sessions. Intra‐arterial procedures were performed in 12 patients in 18 treatment cycles (range 1–3 per patient). As of a 2019 analysis, 11 patients were alive with a mean follow‐up of 169 months (range 63–292 months) from diagnosis. Two‐ and 5‐year OS rates for all patients were 84.5% and 51%, respectively, and 76.5% and 59% for patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis (N = 17). This compares favorably with an NCDB report of 35% 5‐year survival rate for patients with metastatic disease. Female gender and longer time from diagnosis to first IGLT were found to be predictors of prolonged survival with hazard ratios of 0.23 (p < 0.001) and 0.66 (p = 0.001), respectively.ConclusionIGLT may be associated with prolonged life expectancy in select patients with metastatic ACC.
#SoMe for #IC: Optimal use of social media in interventional cardiology
Authors: Goldsweig Andrew M. , Galper Benjamin Z. , Alraies Chadi , Arnold Suzanne V. , Daniels Matthew , Capodanno Davide , Tarantini Giuseppe , Cohen David J. , Aronow Herbert D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSocial media allows interventional cardiologists to disseminate and discuss research and clinical cases in real‐time, to demonstrate and learn innovative techniques, to build professional networks, and to reach out to patients and the general public. Social media provides a democratic platform for all participants to influence the conversation and demonstrate their expertise. This review addresses the use of social media for these purposes in interventional cardiology, as well as respect for patient privacy, how to get started on social media, the creation of high‐impact social media content, and the role of traditional journals in the age of social media. In the future, we hope that interventional cardiology fellowship programs will incorporate social media training into their curricula. In addition, professional societies may adapt to the rapid dissemination of data on social media by developing processes to update guidelines more rapidly and more frequently.
Management of refractory Mycobacterium abscessus sternal infection following reoperative cardiac surgery
Authors: Wojcik Brandon M. , Mitchell John D. , Chong Tae , Rove Jessica Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMycobacterium abscessus surgical site infections are rare, but notoriously difficult to treat. Eradication requires aggressive surgical resection, removal of foreign material, prolonged antibiotics, and consideration of delayed reconstruction.
Atomically Dispersed Copper on N‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets for Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Carbamates from CO2 as a C1 Source
Authors: Li Shi‐Ming , Shi Yi , Zhang Jing‐Jie , Wang Ying , Wang Huan , Lu Jia‐Xing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of carbamates by electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 is an effective method to realize the utilization of CO2 resources. The development of high‐performance electrocatalysts to complete this process more efficiently is of great significance to sustainable development. Owing to their unique structural characteristics, single‐atom catalysts are expected to promote the reaction process more efficiently. In this study, an atomically dispersed Cu species on N‐doped carbon nanosheet composite material (Cu−N−C) was prepared by metal‐organic framework derivatization. Compared with traditional Cu bulk electrodes, the Cu−N−C material has better catalytic performance for the synthesis of methyl N‐phenylcarbamate; and the optimized yield reached 71 % at room temperature and normal pressure. The Cu−N−C material has good stability that the catalytic performance does not decrease after repeated use for 10 times. In addition, the Cu−N−C material has good applicability to this catalytic system, and a variety of amines can be smoothly converted into corresponding carbamates.
High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and risk of type 2 diabetes: A nationwide cohort study and updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Xue , Tao Siyuan , Peng Jieru , Zhao Jian , Li Sheyu , Wu Nianwei , Wen Ying , Xue Qingping , Yang Chun‐Xia , Pan Xiong‐Fei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo prospectively examine the association of high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among middle‐aged and elderly Chinese, and validate the association in an updated meta‐analysis of prospective studies.MethodsWe used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, started in 2011–2012 with follow ups in 2013–2014 and 2015–2016. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regressions were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between hs‐CRP level and incident T2DM. An updated meta‐analysis was conducted to combine our estimates with those in previous prospective studies.ResultsIncluded in the analyses were 7985 participants (mean age: 59.38 years; men: 46.73%). Higher hs‐CRP was associated with increased risk of T2DM (multivariable‐adjusted HR, 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.64 for comparing extreme quartiles). The association was stronger in participants with body mass index (BMI) of 24.0 kg/m2 or higher than those with a BMI lower than 24.0 kg/m2 (p for interaction = 0.038). In a meta‐analysis of 28 cohorts, 2 case‐cohort, and 6 nested case‐control studies among 125,356 participants with 10,759 cases, the pooled relative risk for T2DM was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.60, 1.96) for the highest versus lowest level of hs‐CRP.ConclusionsHs‐CRP was associated with higher risk of T2DM in middle‐aged and elderly Chinese, and this association was confirmed by an updated meta‐analysis of prospective studies. Our findings highlight the role of elevated hs‐CRP in the development of T2DM.
Protective role of vitamin D against oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Valle Maria Stella , Russo Cristina , Malaguarnera Lucia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. There is much evidence showing that a high level of mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species in the diabetic retina contributes in modifying cellular signalling and leads to retinal cell damage and finally to the development of DR pathogenesis. In the last few decades, it has been reported that vitamin D is involved in DR pathogenesis. Vitamin D, traditionally known as an essential nutrient crucial in bone metabolism, has also been proven to be a very effective antioxidant. It has been demonstrated that it modulates the production of advanced glycosylated end products, as well as several pathways including protein kinase C, the polyol pathway leading to the reduction of free radical formation. It prevents the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B, preventing the inflammatory response, acting as an immunomodulator, and modulates autophagy and apoptosis. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D protects the eye from oxidative stress, in order to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation may be useful to mitigate the deleterious effects of free radicals in DR.