bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family business successors' motivation and innovation capabilities: the case of Kosovo
Authors: Toska Asdren , Ramadani Veland , Dana Léo-Paul , Rexhepi Gadaf , Zeqiri Jusuf 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the second-generation successors’ motives to join family businesses and their ability to generate innovation within them.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative methodology is used in this study. Data were collected through structured interview with the second-generation representatives, where the data obtained helped us to come to the results and answer the research questions of the study. A total of 15 interviews were conducted.FindingsThe findings of this study show that the second generation is motivated to continue the family business, cases show that successors since childhood have been oriented towards building an entrepreneurial mindset and also after entering the family business have generated innovation.Originality/valueThe study will bring theoretical implications to the family business literature, providing scientific evidence for the second generation of family businesses, from an emerging country such as Kosovo. As Kosovo is an emerging country, the study will contribute to the literature, suggesting other studies by emerging countries in this way to see the similarities and differences.
Moral failure: a jeremiad of the war on drugs in Guatemala
Authors: O'Neill Kevin Lewis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current consensus among social scientists and political pundits is that the war on drugs failed, with a raft of failed programmes, failed interventions, failed policies, and even failed states. But these critics have tended to overlook a more existential form of failure that plays a key role in the ongoing effects of the war on drugs. This failure, which anthropologists of Christianity are well positioned to understand, is the perceived failure of Pentecostal Christians to make right with the Lord. Based on extensive fieldwork in Guatemala, a country profoundly transformed by the illicit movement of cocaine from the Andes to the United States, this article assesses how and to what effect a sense of moral failure among the country's Christian communities sustains a now expansive network of Pentecostal drug rehabilitation centres. Reading one such centre's archive of intake forms as a jeremiad – a Christian lament that bemoans the failures of society to keep its covenant with God – this article concludes that a sense of moral failure sustains the fading edges of today's war on drugs.
Anchorites, Wise Folk and Magical Practitioners in Twelfth‐Century England
Authors: LICENCE TOM 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article considers the role of anchorites in twelfth‐century England in relation to the less familiar categories of wise folk and magical practitioners. It examines previously unpublished evidence for the presence of healers, wise women and other magical practitioners in Anglo‐Norman England and asks whether anchorites took on some of their roles. It also discusses whether their clients were primarily interested in the anchorites’ spiritual credentials, or in their ability to fulfil the roles elsewhere taken on by magical practitioners. Though our surviving pen‐portraits of anchorites tend to represent them as saints in an authoritative mould, this article seeks to blur boundaries between anchorites as holy men and women and the kinds of practitioners who did not win the approval of clerical authorities.
Experiencing whole type: living into the archetypal Self
Authors: Spoto Angelo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExpanding on Jung’s use of the role of the superior and inferior functions, Angelo Spoto advances a new typological model based on ‘whole type’ that utilizes a typological perspective on the archetypal Self. In this new model four cognitive modes taking superior positions are developed in the first half of life and four cognitive modes taking inferior positions are encountered in the second half of life. This model indicates that type development and type dynamics take place through the holding of the tension of opposites between superior and inferior functions, helped by the transcendent function operating differently in the first and second halves of life. Specifically, in the first half of life, the transcendent function produces a tertium that moves typological development along to consolidate an ego‐pattern. In the second half of life, the transcendent function takes the individual into encounters having to do with an appreciation of sacrifice, transformation, and symbol‐making, as the personality advances towards a greater awareness of wholeness, by way of the inferiors.
Alcohol consumption in India: a systematic review and modelling study for sub‐national estimates of drinking patterns
Authors: Rastogi Ankit , Manthey Jakob , Wiemker Veronika , Probst Charlotte 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsIn India, alcohol per capita consumption (APC) has substantially increased over the past 2 decades. Although consumption does vary across the country, consistent state‐level data are lacking. We aimed to identify all state‐level alcohol exposure estimates since 2000 to (i) model consistent current drinking (CD) (12 months) prevalence estimates for all 36 states/union territories (UT) in 2019 and (ii) compare state‐level CD trends with national‐level APC trends.DesignA systematic review for studies on the Indian state‐level prevalence of CD, lifetime abstinence (LA), alcohol use disorders (AUD) or the quantity of alcohol consumed among current drinkers (QU) was conducted. Subsequently, statistical modelling was applied.SettingData were collected and modelled for all Indian states/UTs.ParticipantsStudies since 2000 referring to the general adult population (≥15 years) of at least one Indian state/UT were eligible. The total sample size covered was ~29 600 000 (males: females, 1:1.6).MeasurementsResults on LA, AUD and QU were summarized descriptively. For (i) the state‐, sex‐ and age‐specific CD prevalence was estimated using random intercept fractional response models. For (ii) random intercept and slope models were performed.FindingsOf 2870 studies identified, 30 were retained for data extraction. LA, AUD and QU data were available for 31, 36 and 12 states/UTs, respectively. CD model estimates ranged from 6.4% (95% CI = 2.1%–18.1%; males) in Lakshadweep and 1.3% (95% CI = 0.7%–2.6%; females) in Delhi to 76.1% (95% CI = 68.1%–82.6%; males) and 63.7% (95% CI = 49.4%–75.7%; females) in Arunachal Pradesh. Over time, CD decreased in most states/UTs in the observed data, contradicting increasing national‐level APC trends.ConclusionsAlcohol use (measured as consistent current drinking) in India has large regional variations, with alcohol consumption being most prevalent in the North‐East, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Jharkhand.
Education and training on addiction psychiatry in low and middle income countries: Observations from existing literature and recommendations going ahead
Authors: Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Sharma Pawan , Chawla Nishtha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAddictive disorders are a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. The burden of addictive disorders in LMIC is expected to grow further over the coming years.AimsIn this article we present the observations from the existing literature on the current status of education and training on addiction psychiatry in LMIC and provide recommendation on way forward for this specialized field of psychiatry.Materials and MethodsWe searched electronic databases of PubMed to access the literature on the current status of education and training on addiction psychiatry. Additional searches were also conducted in other database of Google Scholar for potential ‘grey’ literature.ResultsWe were able to identify a total of 11 relevant articles.DiscussionCurrently there is limited published literature on education and training on addiction psychiatry from the LMICs.ConclusionsStrengthening of the training on addictive disorders shall not only help bridge the gap of the unmet need for the evidence‐based interventions of addictive disorders across these countries it shall also help enhance the research capacity on addictive disorders in these countries.
Clinical study of drug–drug interaction between omeprazole and pyrotinib after meal
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Wang Ying , Zhu Xiaohong , Zheng Li 
Published: December 2021

AimsWe aimed to investigate the effect of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of pyrotinib and determine the safety of this combination in healthy Chinese volunteers.MethodsEighteen healthy volunteers were enrolled in this single‐dose and self‐controlled study. Pyrotinib (400 mg per oral) was administered 30 minutes after the standard meal. Omeprazole was administered from day 6 (D6) to D10 (40 mg, per oral). On D10, the subjects took omeprazole under fasting conditions, followed by pyrotinib 30 minutes after the standard meal. Blood samples for PK analyses in each phase were collected for analysing the drug concentration. Safety was assessed via clinical laboratory tests and physical examinations.ResultsCompared with a single dose of pyrotinib, pyrotinib coadministered with omeprazole showed no significant difference in exposure, elimination, half‐life and apparent clearance rate. The mixed‐effects model revealed that the least‐squares geometric mean ratios of area under the concentration–time curve (AUC)0‐t, AUC0‐∞ and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax,90% confidence intervals) of pyrotinib alone and pyrotinib coadministered with omeprazole were 0.94 (0.82, 1.08), 0.94 (0.83, 1.08) and 0.91 (0.806, 1.038), respectively, indicating the absence of significant differences in AUC0‐t, AUC0‐∞ and Cmax. During the treatment period, 6 subjects (33.3%) reported 8 adverse events during pyrotinib monotherapy and omeprazole administration, respectively; 10 subjects (55.6%) reported 34 adverse events in the combined administration phase.ConclusionOmeprazole, a proton‐pump inhibitor, did not significantly impact the PK properties of pyrotinib, and a good safety profile was observed on coadministration.
Review: The impact of climate change awareness on children's mental well‐being and negative emotions – a scoping review
Authors: Martin Gina , Reilly Kristen , Everitt Haley , Gilliland Jason A. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundClimate change is a threat to children’s physical health, but there are also implications for mental well‐being. Additionally, children may experience negative emotional responses stemming from an overarching awareness of the imminent threats to the planet due to climate change.MethodUsing a scoping review, we examined the impact of climate change awareness on children’s mental well‐being and negative emotions. Our aim was to identify and describe the existing literature and highlight priorities for future research. Three specific objectives guided the review: (1) to identify and provide an overview of research regarding the impact of climate change awareness on children’s mental well‐being and negative emotions; (2) to summarize and clarify the terminology related to climate change awareness and children’s mental well‐being and negative emotions; and (3) to make recommendations for areas of future research.ResultsThirty‐three articles were included in a narrative synthesis. Many articles were reviews or editorials/commentaries. Of the empirical research, most were from Europe, North America, and Australia. The articles emphasized a large range of negative emotions that children felt about climate change, with anxiety and worry being the most researched and discussed.ConclusionsThe research on the impact of awareness of climate change on children’s mental well‐being and negative emotions is in its early phases. Efforts are needed to advance conceptual clarity and operationalize concepts. Additionally, there is a need for research into the impact of climate change awareness on children’s mental well‐being and negative emotions among a greater diversity of people and places. Existing studies provide an encouraging basis from which to develop future research.
Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of L‐methionine‐coupled 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives with activity against influenza virus
Authors: Tatar Esra , Yaldız Seda , Kulabaş Necla , Vanderlinden Evelien , Naesens Lieve , Küçükgüzel İlkay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn previous investigations, we identified a class of 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives with antiviral activity. N‐{3‐(Methylsulfanyl)‐1‐[5‐(phenylamino)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐yl]propyl}benzamide emerged as a relevant lead compound for designing novel influenza A virus inhibitors. In the present study, we elaborated on this initial lead by performing chemical synthesis and antiviral evaluation of a series of structural analogues. During this research, thirteen novel 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized by the cyclization of the corresponding thiosemicarbazides as synthetic precursors. The structures and the purities of the synthesized compounds were confirmed through chromatographic and spectral data. Four L‐methionine‐based 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives displayed activity against influenza A virus, the two best compounds being 24 carrying a 5‐(4‐chlorophenylamino)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole moiety and 30 possessing a 5‐(benzoylamino)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole structure [antiviral EC50 against influenza A/H3N2 virus: 4.8 and 7.4 µM, respectively]. The 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives were inactive against influenza B virus and a wide panel of unrelated DNA and RNA viruses. Compound 24 represents a new class of selective influenza A virus inhibitors acting during the virus entry process, as evidenced by our findings in a time‐of‐addition assay. Molecular descriptors and in silico prediction of ADMET properties of the active compounds were calculated. According to in silico ADMET and drug similarity studies, active compounds have been estimated to be good candidates for oral administration with no apparent toxicity considerations.
Assessment of diastolic function in aortic stenosis: A comparison between 2009 and 2016 guidelines
Authors: Carter‐Storch Rasmus , Mortensen Nils Sofus Borg , Ali Mulham , Laursen Kristian , Pellikka Patricia A. , Møller Jacob E. , Dahl Jordi S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsNew diastolic dysfunction (DD) guidelines were introduced in 2016 to replace the 2009 guidelines, but have not yet been evaluated in aortic stenosis (AS). We aimed to compare the 2009 and 2016 DD guidelines in severe AS patients in terms of association with left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) remodeling, with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) at rest and exercise, and with prognosis.Methods and resultsWe included 212 patients with severe AS (112 undergoing AVR, 100 asymptomatic). Echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) were performed/measured. Thirty‐nine asymptomatic patients had PCWP measured during rest and maximal exertion. Asymptomatic patients were followed for 3.1 years for the combined endpoint of death, AVR or admission with heart failure. The 2009 and 2016 DD guidelines agreed poorly with each other (Cohens’ κ = .15). 2009 guidelines showed many ambiguous DD findings. With the 2016 guidelines, 20% of patients had indeterminate DD. DD grade 2 according to 2016 guidelines showed stronger association with symptom status, BNP, global longitudinal strain (GLS) and peak exercise PCWP than 2009 guidelines. For indeterminate DD patients according to 2009 guidelines, GLS above the median was associated with event‐free survival (HR .11 (95% CI .02–.53)). For neither guideline was DD associated with the combined endpoint in asymptomatic patients.ConclusionThe 2016 guidelines show a stronger association with BNP, GLS, and exercise PCWP than the 2009 guidelines. The 2016 guidelines result in 20% of patients with indeterminate DD; however, these patients may possibly be stratified according to GLS.
A Note of Caution on Quantifying Banks' Recapitalization Effects
Authors: SCHMIDT KIRSTEN , NOTH FELIX , TONZER LENA 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnconventional monetary policy measures like asset purchase programs aim to reduce certain securities' yield and alter financial institutions' investment behavior. These measures increase the institutions' market value of securities and add to their equity positions. We show that the extent of this recapitalization effect crucially depends on the securities' accounting and valuation methods, country‐level regulation, and maturity structure. We argue that future research needs to consider these factors when quantifying banks' recapitalization effects and consequent changes in banks' lending decisions to the real sector.
Implications of gnomonic distortion on electron backscatter diffraction and transmission Kikuchi diffraction
Authors: Fancher Chris M. , Burch Matthew J. , Patala Srikanth , Dickey Elizabeth C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effect of gnomonic distortion on orientation indexing of electron backscatter diffraction patterns is explored through simulation of electron diffraction patterns for sample‐to‐detector geometries associated with transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Simulated data were analysed by computing a similarity index for both Hough transformed data and simulated patterns to determine the sensitivity of each method for detecting subtle differences in the effect of gnomonic distortions on electron diffraction patterns. These results indicate that the increased gnomonic distortions in electron diffraction patterns for a TKD geometry enhance the sensitivity for detecting subtle differences in interband angles. Additionally, the utilisation of a Hough transform‐based indexing approach further enhances the sensitivity.
A Quasi‐experimental study on prevention and reduction of involuntary treatment at home (PRITAH) in people with dementia
Authors: Mengelers Angela M. H. J. , Bleijlevens Michel H. C. , Verbeek Hilde , Capezuti Elizabeth , Hamers Jan P. H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAim and objectivesTo examine the implementation (reach, dose, fidelity, adaptations, satisfaction), mechanisms of impact (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and intention) and context of the PRITAH intervention.BackgroundInvoluntary treatment, defined as care provided against one's will, is highly prevalent in home care. The PRITAH intervention comprises policy, workshops, coaching and alternative measures for professional caregivers to prevent and reduce involuntary treatment in home care.DesignQuasi‐experimental study.MethodsEight home care teams from two care organisations participated in this study. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, the mechanisms of impact were evaluated with questionnaires. Implementation and context were assessed using attendance lists, evaluation questionnaires, focus groups and logbooks. The study adhered to the TREND checklist.Results124 of 133 eligible professional caregivers participated (93%). All four components were delivered with minor deviations from protocol. Participants' subjective norms and perceived behavioural control changed over time in favour of the intervention group. No effects were seen for attitude and intention. Barriers included an unclear policy and lack of communication between stakeholders. The multidisciplinary approach and possibility to discuss involuntary treatment with the specialised nurse were described as facilitators.ConclusionsPrevention and reduction of involuntary treatment at home is feasible in home care practice and contributes to changing professional caregivers' subjective norms and perceived behavioural control, prerequisites for behavioural change in order to prevent and reduce involuntary treatment. A follow‐up study on the effectiveness of PRITAH on actual use, prevention and reduction of involuntary treatment in home care is needed. Future studies should emphasise the role of family caregivers and GPs and actively involve them in the prevention and reduction of involuntary treatment.Relevance to clinical practiceInvoluntary treatment is commonly used in dementia home care and professional and family caregivers need to be supported in prevention and reduction of involuntary treatment in people with dementia.
Examining the development attributed to geographical indications
Authors: Medeiros Mirna de L. , Passador João L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGeographical indications (GIs) are distinctive signs used on goods or services, the reputation or characteristic of which arises from their origin. Examples are Champagne, Darjeeling, Canastra, among others. They were created to prevent fraud, but they can serve and have been used by scholars, governments, and entities as an instrument for development. To discover the components of the development resulting from registration of GI, we conducted an integrative literature review regarding GIs and development. We found 122 articles (ScienceDirect: 38 and ISI Web of Science: 84) which was reduced to 81 following verification by content analysis. The elements constituting this development were understood as consequence of actions and conditions prior and subsequent to recognition of GI. The proposed new synthesis linked these issues with both positive and negative effects. Based on these relationships, it is evident that development is not an immediate consequence of registration, it depends on a series of factors (of which public support, producer engagement, and consumer recognition stand out) and to what extent they are present.
Does aging alter skin vascular function in humans when spatial variation is considered?
Authors: Fujii Naoto , McGarr Gregory W. , Amano Tatsuro , Boulay Pierre , Nishiyasu Takeshi , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveReports evaluating age‐related impairments in cutaneous vascular function assessed by either the venoarteriolar reflex (VAR) induced by venous congestion, or post‐occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) activated by arterial occlusion, have yielded mixed findings. This may be due to region‐specific variability that occurs when assessing local cutaneous vascular responses. We evaluated the hypothesis that aging attenuates VAR and PORH responses in forearm skin assessed across four adjacent sites, each separated by ~4 cm to account for inter‐site variability.MethodsIn twenty young (24 ± 4 years, 10 females) and twenty older (60 ± 7 years, 9 females) adults, VAR and PORH were achieved by a 3‐min venous occlusion and 5‐min arterial occlusion, each induced by inflating a pressure cuff to 45 and 240 mmHg, respectively. Cutaneous blood flow at all skin sites was measured by laser‐Doppler flowmetry with the average response from all sites used for between‐group comparisons.ResultsVAR and PORH responses were similar between groups with the exception that the time required to achieve peak PORH was delayed in older adults (mean difference of 5.5 ± 4.4 s,p = 0.003, Cohen'sd = 0.812).ConclusionsWe showed that aging had a negligible influence on VAR and PORH responses in forearm skin even when controlling for region‐specific variability.