bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Lon protease is a gatekeeper for proteins newly imported into the matrix
Authors: Matsushima Yuichi , Takahashi Kazuya , Yue Song , Fujiyoshi Yuki , Yoshioka Hideaki , Aihara Masamune , Setoyama Daiki , Uchiumi Takeshi , Fukuchi Satoshi , Kang Dongchon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman ATP-dependent Lon protease (LONP1) forms homohexameric, ring-shaped complexes. Depletion of LONP1 causes aggregation of a broad range of proteins in the mitochondrial matrix and decreases the levels of their soluble forms. The ATP hydrolysis activity, but not protease activity, of LONP1 is critical for its chaperone-like anti-aggregation activity. LONP1 forms a complex with the import machinery and an incoming protein, and protein aggregation is linked with matrix protein import. LONP1 also contributes to the degradation of imported, aberrant, unprocessed proteins using its protease activity. Taken together, our results show that LONP1 functions as a gatekeeper for specific proteins imported into the mitochondrial matrix.
Mammalian body size is determined by interactions between climate, urbanization, and ecological traits
Authors: Hantak Maggie M. , McLean Bryan S. , Li Daijiang , Guralnick Robert P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnthropogenically-driven climate warming is a hypothesized driver of animal body size reductions. Less understood are effects of other human-caused disturbances on body size, such as urbanization. We compiled 140,499 body size records of over 100 North American mammals to test how climate and human population density, a proxy for urbanization, and their interactions with species traits, impact body size. We tested three hypotheses of body size variation across urbanization gradients: urban heat island effects, habitat fragmentation, and resource availability. Our results demonstrate that both urbanization and temperature influence mammalian body size variation, most often leading to larger individuals, thus supporting the resource availability hypothesis. In addition, life history and other ecological factors play a critical role in mediating the effects of climate and urbanization on body size. Larger mammals and species that utilize thermal buffering are more sensitive to warmer temperatures, while flexibility in activity time appears to be advantageous in urbanized areas. This work highlights the value of using digitized, natural history data to track how human disturbance drives morphological variation.
Modelling the functional genomics of Parkinson’s disease inCaenorhabditis elegans:LRRK2and beyond
Authors: Chandler Rachael J. , Cogo Susanna , Lewis Patrick A. , Kevei Eva 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor decades, Parkinson’s disease (PD) cases have been genetically categorised into familial, when caused by mutations in single genes with a clear inheritance pattern in affected families, or idiopathic, in the absence of an evident monogenic determinant. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed how common genetic variability can explain up to 36% of PD heritability and that PD manifestation is often determined by multiple variants at different genetic loci. Thus, one of the current challenges in PD research stands in modelling the complex genetic architecture of this condition and translating this into functional studies. Caenorhabditis elegans provide a profound advantage as a reductionist, economical model for PD research, with a short lifecycle, straightforward genome engineering and high conservation of PD relevant neural, cellular and molecular pathways. Functional models of PD genes utilising C. elegans show many phenotypes recapitulating pathologies observed in PD. When contrasted with mammalian in vivo and in vitro models, these are frequently validated, suggesting relevance of C. elegans in the development of novel PD functional models. This review will discuss how the nematode C. elegans PD models have contributed to the uncovering of molecular and cellular mechanisms of disease, with a focus on the genes most commonly found as causative in familial PD and risk factors in idiopathic PD. Specifically, we will examine the current knowledge on a central player in both familial and idiopathic PD, Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and how it connects to multiple PD associated GWAS candidates and Mendelian disease-causing genes.
An enhanced feedforward flux weakening control for high‐speed permanent magnet machine drive applications
Authors: Lang Xiaoyu , Yang Tao , Li Chen , Yeoh Seang Shen , Bozhko Serhiy , Wheeler Patrick 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPermanent magnet machines have been used in the high‐speed drive applications due to their high‐efficiency, high‐power‐density, and wide‐speed range characteristics. However, control of such high‐speed permanent magnet machines machine is always challenging and proper flux‐weakening controller design is essential to achieve high performance of these machines. In this paper, an improved feedforward flux‐weakening control scheme for interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) drives are proposed. The proposed method identifies optimal d‐axis and q‐axis currents under different operation regions using maximum‐torque‐per‐ampere curve, voltage limit, and current limit curves with a fast Newton–Raphson algorithm. To ensure the optimal performance of the control mechanism, effects of inductance variations due to the magnetic saturation are considered and an innovative high‐frequency staircase voltage injection method is used to identify the q‐axis inductance. The experimental results show that compared with other existing flux‐weakening methods, the proposed technique can improve the DC‐link voltage utilisation without the need to tune any controller gains and can fully utilise maximum available torque with desirable transient performance.
Design and optimization of off‐grid hybrid renewable power plant with storage system for rural area in Rwanda
Authors: Bedadi Lidetu Abu , GebreMichael Mulugeta Gebrehiwot 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a system comprising a solar photovoltaic (PV)/micro‐hydropower/battery bank/converter has been designed, modelled, simulated, and optimized for the rural area of Wimana village, Rwanda. The total load has been fairly estimated for the residential electric utility needs. To satisfy the load demand, solar photovoltaic (4 kW) and micro‐hydro (15 kW) power capacity were considered as the main sources of energy to supply electricity. Either in peak load times or during low generation of primary sources, storage battery banks can also be discharged. The simulation and optimization were done based on the load demand, climatic data, the economics of integrated system components, and other parameters in which the total net present cost has to be minimized to select an economically feasible and technically capable hybrid power system. Based on the load profile of the data collected for the village, the daily energy consumption was found to be 180.99 kWh/day with a peak load demand of 18.56 kW. The net present cost and the cost of energy for the optimized power system amount to $78,763.26 and $0.0757/kWh respectively. HOMER Pro simulating software tool was used to design optimal off‐grid and energy management systems.
The mucin phenotype does not affect the endoscopic resection outcome of non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors
Authors: Toya Yosuke , Endo Masaki , Yamada Shun , Oizumi Tomofumi , Morishita Toshifumi , Akasaka Risaburo , Yanai Shunichi , Nakamura Shotaro , Eizuka Makoto , Uesugi Noriyuki , Sugai Tamotsu , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Some studies have reported an association between clinicopathological features and mucin phenotypes of non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (NADETs). However, the association between clinical outcomes of endoscopic resection (ER) and mucin phenotypes has not been elucidated. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze clinical outcomes of ER of NADETs with reference to mucin phenotypes.
Patients and methods We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of ER for NADETs performed from 2006 to 2019 and compared clinicopathological characteristics, ER procedures, and outcomes, including adverse events (AEs) among tumors classified by mucin phenotype. Mucin phenotypes were classified as gastric, gastrointestinal, and intestinal based on immunohistochemical examination. Grade of dysplasia was determined according to the Vienna classification (VCL).
Results The proportion of VCL 4/5 was higher in the gastric type (50 %) compared with that in the gastrointestinal (39.1 %, P = 0.009) and intestinal types (5.4 %, P = 0.008), respectively. With no statistical difference in tumor size and ER method among the three groups, no significant difference was observed for ER outcomes, i. e., en bloc and R0 resection rates. In the gastrointestinal and intestinal types, AEs occurred in four cases treated with ESD, but none developed in the gastric type.
Conclusions This study suggests that the mucin phenotype does not affect resection outcome. However, considering high malignant potential and tendency for low AE rates, the gastric type NADETs may be more appropriate for proactive ER than the others.
Rethinking the need for overnight admission after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM): a pandemic-driven approach to the future
Authors: Zhang Linda Y. , Bejjani Michael , Ghandour Bachir , Khashab Mouen A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims COVID-19 has significantly impacted endoscopic assessment and management of multiple conditions. Our group recommenced treatment of highly symptomatic achalasia patients (Eckardt score ≥ 6) adopting a same-day discharge (SDD) algorithm and present early outcomes of its utilization.
Patients and methods We enrolled all outpatients undergoing POEM at a single tertiary referral center. Patients qualified for SDD if all of the following a priori criteria were met: 1) ASA grade I-III; 2) No intraprocedural adverse events (AEs); 3) Secure mucosal closure; 4) Post-procedure pain/nausea responsive to oral medications; and 5) Patients tolerating clear fluids.
Results In 17 potential SDD candidates (female 82.4 %, median age 51 years [IQR 48–64]) undergoing POEM, SDD was achieved in 14 (82.4 %). The remaining were admitted due to post-procedure pain/nausea (n = 2) and intraprocedural concerns (capnoperitoneum requiring needle decompression, n = 1). There were no post-procedure AEs or unexpected readmissions.
Conclusions This study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of a SDD algorithm for POEM patients and challenges the necessity of routine post-POEM hospital admission. Critically important during the COVID-19 pandemic, this may in fact constitute a changing standard for POEM post-procedure care.
Clinical impact of routine CT esophagogram after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for esophageal motility disorders
Authors: Chartier Marion , Barat Maxime , Dohan Anthony , Belle Arthur , Oudjit Ammar , Abou Ali Einas , Hallit Rachel , Leandri Chloé , Scialom Sophie , Coriat Romain , Chaussade Stanislas , Soyer Philippe , Barret Maximilien 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) of the lower esophageal sphincter has become a major treatment for esophageal motility disorders, especially achalasia. POEM can result in esophageal bleeding or perforation and pleural and mediastinal effusion. Early routine computed tomography (CT) esophagogram is frequently performed to assess these adverse events (AEs) before resuming oral food intake. We sought to evaluate the value of routine CT esophagogram on postoperative day (POD) 1 after POEM.
Patients and methods This single-center retrospective study was performed in a tertiary referral center for interventional digestive endoscopy. We included consecutive patients with POEM and routine CT esophagogram on POD 1 between July 2018 and July 2019.
Results Fifty-eight patients were included in the study, 79 % of whom had achalasia. Twenty patients (34 %) presented post-endoscopic AEs, including two patients with severe AEs requiring intensive care admission (one compressive pneumothorax and one mediastinitis); no deaths occurred. Of the 58 CT esophagograms performed, only one was normal. The 57 others (98 %) showed at least one abnormal finding: pneumoperitoneum or retroperitoneal air (91 %), pneumomediastinum (78 %), pleural effusion (34 %), pneumothorax (14 %), pneumonia (7 %), pericardial effusion (2 %), and mediastinal collection (2 %). CT esophagograms revealed AEs and modified therapeutic management in eight patients of 58 (14 %), all of whom had clinical symptoms prior to CT.
Conclusions POD 1 CT esophagogram after POEM for esophageal motility disorders diagnosed clinically meaningful AEs in 14 % of patients, all associated with persistent clinical symptoms. Routine use of CT esophagogram after POEM in asymptomatic patients is questionable.
Recent Advances in Cross-Couplings of Functionalized Organozinc Reagents
Authors: Wei Baosheng , Knochel Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCross-couplings involving organozinc reagents usually require a Pd-catalyst (Negishi cross-coupling), however, uncatalyzed cross-couplings of zinc organometallics proceed well in the absence of transition-metal catalysts with reactive electrophiles such as benzal 1,1-diacetates, benzhydryl acetates, and iminium trifluoroacetates. Organozinc compounds also undergo C–N bond formation with O-benzoylhydroxylamines or organic azides in the presence of cobalt- or iron-catalysts. Highly diastereoselective and enantioselective cross-couplings can be readily performed with room-temperature configurationally stable alkylzinc species, producing diastereoselectively and enantiomerically enriched products. Finally, highly regioselective magnesiations of functionalized arenes and heteroarenes undergo Negishi (after transmetalation with ZnCl2) or Cu-catalyzed cross-couplings.1	Introduction2	Uncatalyzed Cross-Couplings of Organozinc Reagents with Highly Electrophilic Partners3	Iron- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Aminations using Organozinc Reagents4	Stereo- and Regioselective Cross-Couplings of Organozinc Reagents5	Conclusion
Fontan-Associated Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Staging, and Management
Authors: Téllez Luis , Rodríguez de Santiago Enrique , Albillos Agustín 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFontan-associated liver disease is the term used to encompass the disorders arising from abnormal hemodynamic alterations and systemic venous congestion after the Fontan procedure. The histological changes produced in the liver are similar but not equivalent to those seen in other forms of cardiac liver disease. While the natural history of this form of liver disease is poorly established, many Fontan patients ultimately develop portal hypertension-related complications such as ascites, esophageal varices, malnutrition, and encephalopathy. Fontan survivors also show an elevated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Adequate staging of the liver damage is essential to anticipate screening strategies and improve global management.
Nasal High-Flow for Weaning Preterm Newborns with Risk of Chronic Lung Disease from nCPAP
Authors: Gregoraci Fernández Angela , Comuñas Gómez Juan José , Rodriguez-Losada Olalla , Flores España Vanessa , Gros Turpin Anna , Pérez Hoyos Santiago , Castillo Salinas Félix 
Published: August 2021

Objective The aim of the study is to compare the duration of oxygen therapy by using two methods of weaning from nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in very preterm babies.
Study Design Between April 2014 and December 2016, 90 preterm <32 weeks and birthweight >1,000 g who, after at least 7 days on nCPAP, were clinically stable on <6 cm H2O and FiO2 <30% were randomly assigned to weaning directly from nCPAP or with nasal high flow therapy (nHFT). In the nCPAP group, pressure was gradually reduced until the infant was stable on 4 cm H2O and then discontinued. In the nHFT group, flow rate was reduced until the infant was stable at 3.l pm and then discontinued.
Results Eighty-four infants completed the study. There were no differences between the groups for the primary outcome, duration of oxygen therapy (median 33 [14–48] versus 28 [15–37] days; p = 0.17). The incidence of moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia was similar. Weaning time was shorter in the nCPAP group (p = 0.02), but the failure rate was slightly higher although non-significant. In the nHFT group, we observed better perception of patient comfort and a lower incidence of severe nasal injury.
Conclusion Weaning by nHFT compared with weaning directly off nCPAP does not prolong duration of oxygen therapy. Rather, it is associated with better perceptions of infant comfort among parents and lower rates of severe nasal injury.
Key Points
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Alexandria University Experience
Authors: Soliman Maher 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that can arise in any parts of the GIT. The clinical behavior and prognosis of GISTs remain unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of GISTs.
Methods The medical files of 93 patients with nonmetastatic GIST presented to our hospital were reviewed. The clinical and pathological parameters, treatment, and follow-up data were collected and correlated to survival outcome using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results The median age of patients was 48.9 years with a slight male predominance. Abdominal pain (39.8%) was the commonly presenting symptom. About 60% of GISTs originated from the stomach and 22% from the small intestine. Tumors stained positive for CD117 in 95.7%. The median diameter of the tumors was 7 cm. Mitotic counts were < 5/50 high power field in 55.9% of tumors. About 44% of patients had high risk tumors. All patients underwent surgery and about 60.2% of patients received adjuvant imatinib mesylate.
The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 74.5 and 80%, respectively. Margin status, tumor site, tumor size, mitotic counts, and risk score were significantly associated with DFS and OS in both univariate and multivariate analyses.
Conclusion Surgery is the mainstay treatment for nonmetastatic GISTs. Tumor size, tumor location, margin status, mitotic count, and risk score were predictive factors for DFS and OS of GISTs.
An ultra-stable 1.5 T permanent magnet assembly for qubit experiments at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Adambukulam C. , Sewani V. K. , Stemp H. G. , Asaad S. , Mądzik M. T. , Morello A. , Laucht A. 
Published: August 2021

Magnetic fields are a standard tool in the toolbox of every physicist and are required for the characterization of materials, as well as the polarization of spins in nuclear magnetic resonance or electron paramagnetic resonance experiments. Quite often, a static magnetic field of sufficiently large, but fixed, magnitude is suitable for these tasks. Here, we present a permanent magnet assembly that can achieve magnetic field strengths of up to 1.5 T over an air gap length of 7 mm. The assembly is based on a Halbach array of neodymium magnets, with the inclusion of the soft magnetic material Supermendur to boost the magnetic field strength inside the air gap. We present the design, simulation, and characterization of the permanent magnet assembly, measuring an outstanding magnetic field stability with a drift rate of |D| &lt; 2.8 ppb/h. Our measurements demonstrate that this assembly can be used for spin qubit experiments inside a dilution refrigerator, successfully replacing the more expensive and bulky superconducting solenoids.
Density functional theory of superfluid helium at finite temperatures
Authors: Long Austin , Eloranta Jussi 
Published: August 2021

A density functional theory-based method is developed to describe the static and dynamic response of superfluid helium at finite temperatures. The model relies on the well-established 0 K Orsay–Trento functional, which has been extensively used to study the response of bulk superfluid helium as well as superfluid helium droplets. By including a phenomenological stochastic term in this model, it is possible to obtain thermodynamic equilibrium corresponding to a given temperature by propagating the system in imaginary time. The temperature dependence of thermodynamic quantities, such as the internal energy and entropy, is computed and is compared well with experimental reference data for the bulk liquid up to about 2 K, but begins to gradually deviate above that temperature. Inspection of pseudovorticity during real-time evolution of the system near 2 K reveals the presence of roton quasiparticles, which are suggested to be precursors for quantized vortex rings (Onsager’s ghosts), as well as weaker analogs of extended vortex loops.
Drivers and suppressors of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Wu Wanfu , Warner Margaret , Wang Li , He Wei-Wei , Zhao Ruipeng , Guan Xiaoxiang , Botero Cindy , Huang Bo , Ion Charlotte , Coombes Charles , Gustafsson Jan-Ake 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceIn the search for druggable targets to treat TNBC, ERβ, an estrogen receptor and tumor suppressor, has been suggested because it is found in 30% of TNBCs. In the present study, we found that except for SP1, the other tethering partners of ERβ (Fos, Jun, Fra1) are down-regulated in TNBC, meaning that the tumor-suppressive functions of ERβ are severely compromised. However, RNA seq revealed other driver pathways such as CYPs involved in the synthesis of fatty acid epoxides and in the inactivation of calcitriol and retinoic acid. Thus, ERβ agonists are unlikely to be useful in the treatment of TNBC. Instead, there is the danger that at estrogen response elements, ERβ may be acting as ERα does, and increase proliferation.
Karl Tekusch (1890–1977), his concept of Sprachechtheit, and the purism movement in Austria
Authors: Pfalzgraf Falco 
Published: August 2021

Summary
The discovery of Karl Tekusch as a key player and significant link in the history of Austrian and German linguistic purism is the subject of this article. Tekusch was the last chairman of the Vienna Branch of the Deutscher Sprachverein (DSV), from the Austrian Anschluss until its dissolution, and he was also the first chairman of its post-WWII successor, the Viennese Verein Muttersprache, which is still active today. The existence of the hitherto lesser-known Germanischer Sprachverein, founded and chaired by Tekusch for 15 years, proves that the alleged ’gap’ in organised Austrian linguistic purism does in fact not exist, and that Austrian linguistic purism must indeed be regarded as a continuous phenomenon. Strongly influenced by the völkisch movement and later the national socialists, Tekusch had developed and continuously worked on his concept of Sprachechtheit, ‘linguistic authenticity’. The concept was very influential on purist organisations in Austria and Germany until at least the late 1970s. Moreover, Sprachechtheit was discussed beyond the realm of linguistics purism, by academics in German Philology, Sociology, Social Psychology, and German Folklore Studies / European Ethnology.