bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Surge of Young Americans from Minority-White Mixed Families & Its
Significance for the Future
Authors: Alba Richard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The number of youth from mixed majority-minority families, in which one parent is White and the other minority, is surging in the early twenty-first century. This development is challenging both our statistical schemes for measuring ethnicity and race as well as our thinking about their demographic evolution in the near future. This essay summarizes briefly what we know about mixed minority-White Americans and includes data about their growing numbers as well as key social characteristics of children and adults from mixed backgrounds. The essay concludes that this phenomenon highlights weaknesses in our demographic data system as well as in the majority-minority narrative about how American society is changing.
Is Galatians an Ironic Letter?
Authors: Pawlak Matthew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article queries whether Paul wrote Galatians with reference to epistolary conventions for ironic letters. First, the author explores the use of the θαυµάζω + conjunction “epistolary formula” in the non-literary papyri to determine the relationship between this expression, irony, and Gal 1:6. Then, he weighs the evidence for an ironic reading of Gal 1:6 itself before turning to the extant ancient letter writing handbooks to assess the extent to which Gal 1:6 meaningfully parallels the ironic letters in the handbooks. The author argues that while an ironic reading of Gal 1:6 is plausible, there is no evidence that Paul has crafted Galatians with reference to epistolary conventions for ironic letters.
Extraction and Emission Language in Luke 8:45
Authors: Pope Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This brief philological study focuses on Luke’s alteration of Mark’s συνθλίβειν, “compress,” to ἀποθλίβειν, “to squeeze out,” in the famous tableau of the woman with chronic uterine blood flow (Mark 5:25–34; Luke 8:42–48). The author first points to the general lack of critical attention this change receives and then traces out why the two terms, συνθλίβειν and ἀποθλίβειν, should not be understood as interchangeable. Finally, he suggests that Luke’s shift to ἀποθλίβειν offered him a term with more expansive semantic range for depicting the exit of δύναµις, “power,” from Jesus and the woman’s subsequent healing.
Splitting Definitives: The Separation of the Definite Article in Medieval and Pre-Modern Written Judeo-Arabic
Authors: Connolly Magdalen M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article explores the reasons behind the orthographic practice of representing the definite article in written Judeo-Arabic as an independent entity, a phenomenon which became widespread in Jewish Arabic-speaking communities in the pre-modern era. Commencing with its representation in fifteenth to nineteenth-century Egyptian Judeo-Arabic manuscripts, the orthographic feature is traced back to Judeo-Arabic texts produced in medieval al-Andalus, Sicily, and the Maġrib, and from there, to post-1492 CE Sephardī Jewish refugees, who settled in North Africa and Egypt. The phenomenon is revealed to be the result of a two-stage process: (i) direct language contact between Romance and Judeo-Arabic; and (ii) the influence of Judeo-Spanish writing on Judeo-Arabic spelling practices in diaspora communities after their expulsion from the Spanish Kingdoms.
Quality Improvement in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: Age‐Related Hearing Loss Measures
Authors: Gurgel Richard K. , Briggs Selena E. , Dhepyasuwan Nui , Rosenfeld Richard M. 
Published: March 2021

Background and SignificanceThere is a high and growing prevalence of age‐related hearing loss (ARHL), defined as presbycusis or bilateral, symmetric sensorineural hearing loss in older adults. Due to the increasing prevalence of ARHL, the potential delays in its diagnosis and treatment, and the significant disability associated with ARHL, the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO‐HNSF) convened a Measures Development Group (MDG) to develop quality measures (QMs) of clinical practice that could be incorporated into the AAO‐HNSF’s data registry Reg‐ent. Although the AAO‐HNSF has been engaged in robust clinical practice guideline development since 2006, the development of quality and performance measures is more recent.MethodsWe report the process, experience, and outcomes in developing a de novo QM set for ARHL in the absence of a preexisting clinical practice guideline on this topic. Steps include the MDG review of evidentiary literature on ARHL, followed by stakeholder discussions to develop measure specifications. Key considerations included discussion on the relative importance, usability, and feasibility of each measure within the Reg‐ent or similar databases.ResultsThe MDG created 4 QMs for the diagnosis and treatment of AHRL. These measures represent the AAO‐HNSF’s quality initiatives to develop evidence‐based QMs and improve patient care and outcomes, and they are intended to assist providers in enhancing quality of care.ConclusionDevelopment of the ARHL measures is intended for clinicians to evaluate the patient perception, structure, process, and outcomes of care. This process represents a new stage in the AAO‐HNSF’s measure development efforts to facilitate future efforts in evidence‐based QM.
Outcomes of HPV‐Negative Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated With Transoral Robotic Surgery
Authors: Jackson Ryan S. , Stepan Katelyn , Bollig Craig , Sharma Rahul K. , Patel Mihir , Massa Sean , Puram Sidharth V. , Zevallos Jose P. , Pipkorn Patrik , Zenga Joseph 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing secondary to human papillomavirus (HPV)–related disease. Despite this, outcomes of patients with HPV‐negative OPSCC undergoing transoral robotic surgery (TORS) are largely unknown.Study DesignAnalysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB).SettingNot applicable.MethodsThe 2015 participant user file from the NCDB was analyzed between 2010 and 2015 for patients with OPSCC who underwent TORS and neck dissection. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was used to estimate overall survival of the study population. Univariable Cox survival analyses was used to determine significant associations between demographic, tumor, and treatment characteristics and overall survival (OS).ResultsThere were 164 patients (124 male and 40 female) with a mean age of 58 years (30‐89 years). Median follow‐up was 34 months. Five‐year OS was 78% (95% CI, 70%‐86%). Patients with early stage disease (pT1‐2, N0‐1) had significantly improved OS compared to patients with advanced T‐ or N‐stage disease (log‐rank 0.011; 5‐year OS: 88% [95% CI, 78%‐98%] vs 66% [95% CI, 50%‐82%]).ConclusionVery few patients in the NCDB underwent TORS for HPV‐negative OPSCC, but those who did had favorable outcomes, especially in early stage disease. Based on these findings, TORS may be considered in the treatment algorithm for patients with HPV‐negative OPSCC.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Mixed Study on the Impact of a Technology-Based Retirement Preparation Program: Tech-Retired. Protocol Study
Authors: Miranda-Duro María del Carmen , Nieto-Riveiro Laura , Concheiro-Moscoso Patricia , Groba Betania , Carracedo-Vázquez Marta , Pousada Thais , Pereira Javier 
Published: March 2021

Background: Despite the increase in the older-adults’ population and recognizing retirement as one of the most changeable life stages, most Spanish people do not perform a retirement preparation program. The adaptation and preparation for retirement are needed to ensure adequate active and healthy aging. Objectives: The study aims to know about the experience with the retirement process of a retired people’s group and understand the impact on their quality-of-life and behavior change of a Personalized Retirement Preparation Program using technological devices. Participants: People retired who have enjoyed paid employment and have never done a preparation program for retirement. Methods: The present study is a mixed design consisting of a Participatory-Action-Research and a quasi-experimental study. The qualitative tools used were semi-structured individual, group interviews, and field diary, and the quantitative tools were the sociodemographic variables sheet and the EuroQol-5D-5 L scale. Action plan development: It was developed with 26 participants divided into three groups, during five presential sessions, and using technological resources. Data analysis: It consists of the comparison pre-post action plan along with analysis of the interview transcriptions with a parallel convergent analysis between qualitative and quantitative data. Ethics: The Research Ethics Committee of Galicia has approved the protocol.
Comparison of pregnenolone sulfate, pregnanolone and estradiol levels between patients with menstrually-related migraine and controls: an exploratory study
Authors: Rustichelli Cecilia , Bellei Elisa , Bergamini Stefania , Monari Emanuela , Lo Castro Flavia , Baraldi Carlo , Tomasi Aldo , Ferrari Anna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Neurosteroids affect the balance between neuroexcitation and neuroinhibition but have been little studied in migraine. We compared the serum levels of pregnenolone sulfate, pregnanolone and estradiol in women with menstrually-related migraine and controls and analysed if a correlation existed between the levels of the three hormones and history of migraine and age.

Methods
Thirty women (mean age ± SD: 33.5 ± 7.1) with menstrually-related migraine (MM group) and 30 aged- matched controls (mean age ± SD: 30.9 ± 7.9) participated in the exploratory study. Pregnenolone sulfate and pregnanolone serum levels were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, while estradiol levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Serum levels of pregnenolone sulfate and pregnanolone were significantly lower in the MM group than in controls (pregnenolone sulfate: P = 0.0328; pregnanolone: P = 0.0271, Student’s t-test), while estradiol levels were similar. In MM group, pregnenolone sulfate serum levels were negatively correlated with history of migraine (R2 = 0.1369; P = 0.0482) and age (R2 = 0.2826, P = 0.0025) while pregnenolone sulfate levels were not age-related in the control group (R2 = 0.04436, P = 0.4337, linear regression analysis).

Conclusion
Low levels of both pregnanolone, a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, and pregnenolone sulfate, a positive allosteric modulator of the NMDA receptor, involved in memory and learning, could contribute either to headache pain or the cognitive dysfunctions reported in migraine patients. Overall, our results agree with the hypothesis that migraine is a disorder associated with a loss of neurohormonal integrity, thus supporting the therapeutic potential of restoring low neurosteroid levels in migraine treatment.
Improving Cyclability of Lithium Metal Anode via Constructing Atomic Interlamellar Ion Channel for Lithium Sulfur Battery
Authors: Yang Mao , Jue Nan , Chen Yuanfu , Wang Yong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUniform migration of lithium (Li) ions between the separator and the lithium anode is critical for achieving good quality Li deposition, which is of much significance for lithium metal battery operation, especially for Li–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Commercial separators such as polypropylene or polyethylene can be prepared by wet or dry processes, but they can indeed cause plentiful porosities, resulting in the uneven Li ion stripping/plating and finally the formation of Li dendrites. Thence, we constructed an atomic interlamellar ion channel by introducing the layered montmorillonite on the surface of the separator to guide Li ion flux and achieved stable Li deposition. The atomic interlamellar ion channel with a spacing of 1.4 nm showed strong absorption capacity for electrolytes and reserved capacity for Li ions, thus promoting rapid transfer of Li ions and resulting in even Li ion deposition at the anode. When assembled with the proposed separator, the Coulombic efficiency of Li||Cu batteries was 98.2% after 200 cycles and stable plating/stripping even after 800 h was achieved for the Li||Li symmetric batteries. Importantly, the proposed separator allows 140% specific capacity increase after 190 cycles as employing the Li–S batteries.
Human cell-dependent, directional, time-dependent changes in the mono- and oligonucleotide compositions of SARS-CoV-2 genomes
Authors: Iwasaki Yuki , Abe Takashi , Ikemura Toshimichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhen a virus that has grown in a nonhuman host starts an epidemic in the human population, human cells may not provide growth conditions ideal for the virus. Therefore, the invasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is usually prevalent in the bat population, into the human population is thought to have necessitated changes in the viral genome for efficient growth in the new environment. In the present study, to understand host-dependent changes in coronavirus genomes, we focused on the mono- and oligonucleotide compositions of SARS-CoV-2 genomes and investigated how these compositions changed time-dependently in the human cellular environment. We also compared the oligonucleotide compositions of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses prevalent in humans or bats to investigate the causes of changes in the host environment.ResultsTime-series analyses of changes in the nucleotide compositions of SARS-CoV-2 genomes revealed a group of mono- and oligonucleotides whose compositions changed in a common direction for all clades, even though viruses belonging to different clades should evolve independently. Interestingly, the compositions of these oligonucleotides changed towards those of coronaviruses that have been prevalent in humans for a long period and away from those of bat coronaviruses.ConclusionsClade-independent, time-dependent changes are thought to have biological significance and should relate to viral adaptation to a new host environment, providing important clues for understanding viral host adaptation mechanisms.
Incidence of antidepressant use among community dwellers with and without Parkinson’s disease – a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hentilä Eerik , Tiihonen Miia , Taipale Heidi , Hartikainen Sirpa , Tolppanen Anna-Maija 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Antidepressant use is more common in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), but it is unknown when this difference emerges.

Methods
We studied the incidence of antidepressant use in six-month periods from 10 years before to 15 years after PD diagnosis in the nationwide register-based Finnish Study on Parkinson’s disease (FINPARK). This study included 20,456 community dwellers with clinically verified PD diagnosed during 1996–2015 and 140,291 matched comparison persons.

Results
Altogether 44.3% of people with PD initiated antidepressants, compared to 25.0% of people without PD. The difference was largest 6 months before PD diagnosis (incidence rate ratio 5.28, 95% CI 4.80–5.80; 9.02 and 1.68 initiations/100 person-years in people with and without PD, respectively). The difference emerged already 7 years before the diagnosis and remained above the comparison group for most of the study period.

Conclusions
Persons with PD may have symptoms that require antidepressant treatment years before and after diagnosis. The symptoms needing antidepressant treatment may be clinical signs of possible PD and they should be considered as a need to assess clinical status in person diagnosed with PD.
Stereotactic radiotherapy for oligoprogressive ER-positive breast cancer (AVATAR)
Authors: Alomran Reem , White Michelle , Bruce Melissa , Bressel Mathias , Roache Susan , Karroum Lama , Hanna Gerard G. , Siva Shankar , Goel Shom , David Steven 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The enhanced knowledge of cancer biology has led to considerable advancement in systemic therapy for advanced breast cancer. Recently, studies showed that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor, when added to endocrine therapy, had improved the outcomes of patients with advanced ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer. However, the disease often progresses following a period of treatment response. In a subset of patients, disease progression may occur at limited sites, i.e., oligoprogressive disease (OPD). In the past few years, stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) has emerged as a safe and effective treatment for advanced cancer when delivered to limited metastatic sites. Hence, it is worth investigating the role of SRT in the setting of oligoprogressive breast cancer.

Method
AVATAR is a multicentre phase II registry trial of SRT with endocrine therapy and CDK 4/6 inhibitor for the management of advanced ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer. The study aims to enrol 32 patients with OPD limited to 5 lesions. The primary endpoint of the study is time to change systemic therapy measured from the commencement of SRT to change in systemic therapy. Secondary objectives include overall survival, progression free survival and treatment related toxicity. The exploratory objective is to describe the time to change in systemic therapy by the site (bone only vs. non-bone lesions) and number (1 vs. > 1) of OPD.

Discussion
This study aims to explore the effect of SRT in maximising the benefit of systemic therapy in patients with oligoprogressive ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer. This approach might help reduce the burden of disease and improve the life quality in these patients.

Trial registration
ACTRN, ACTRN12620001212943. Date of registration 16 November 2020- Retrospectively registered.
High expression of TMEM180, a novel tumour marker, is associated with poor survival in stage III colorectal cancer
Authors: Shiraishi Takuya , Ikeda Koji , Tsukada Yuichiro , Nishizawa Yuji , Sasaki Takeshi , Ito Masaaki , Kojima Motohiro , Ishii Genichiro , Tsumura Ryo , Saijou Sinji , Koga Yoshikatsu , Yasunaga Masahiro , Matsumura Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Transmembrane protein 180 (TMEM180) is a newly identified colorectal cancer (CRC)-specific molecule that is expressed very rarely in normal tissue and up-regulated under hypoxic conditions. We developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against TMEM180 and decided to examine the medical significance using the mAb.

Methods
A total of 157 patients (86 men and 71 women; median age 63.0 years) with stage III CRC who underwent curative surgery were analyzed for TMEM180 expression as a retrospective cohort design. Immunohistochemistry with anti-TMEM180 mAb was conducted on frozen sections, and the data were evaluated for any correlation with clinicopathological indices or prognosis. SW480 CRC cells were examined to investigate the relationship between the expression of TMEM180 and tumourigenesis of xenografts.

Results
In total, 92 cases had low TMEM expression and 65 had high TMEM180 expression. For disease-free survival, hazard ratio in high-TMEM180 cases was 1.449 (95% confidential interval = 0.802–2.619) higher than in low-TMEM180 cases, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.219). For cancer specific survival, hazard ratio in high-TMEM180 cases was 3.302 (95% confidential interval = 1.088–10.020), significantly higher than in low-TMEM180 cases (p = 0.035). In an assay examining in vitro colony-forming activity in soft agar, SW480-WT cells clearly formed colonies, but neither KD1 nor KD2 cells did. The in vivo tumour-initiating activity of SW480 cell lines was positively correlated with the level of TMEM180 expression.

Conclusion
These results indicate that TMEM180 is a useful marker for clinical prognosis in patients with CRC. We believe that these fundamental data warrant further basic and translational studies of TMEM180, and its mAb, for development of therapeutics against CRC.
Plasma fatty acids and primary open-angle glaucoma in the elderly: the Montrachet population-based study
Authors: Chemaly Alicia , Arnould Louis , Seydou Alassane , Gabrielle Pierre-Henry , Baudin Florian , Acar Niyazi , Creuzot-Garcher Catherine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
To compare plasma fatty acids (FAs) between participants with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and participants without neuropathy in an elderly population and to investigate specific FAs pattern in POAG.

Methods
We conducted a population-based study in participants older than 75 years. Participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination with optic nerve photographs, visual field test and optic nerve OCT with RNFL thickness measurement. Glaucomatous status was defined according to the International Society for Epidemiologic and Geographical Ophthalmology classification. Lipids were extracted from plasma and FAs methylesters prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results
Among the 1153 participants of the Montrachet study 810 were retained for analysis and 68 had POAG. The mean age was 82.11 ± 3.67. In multivariable analysis FAs levels were not different between POAG participants and controls (P = 0.078). A FAs pattern characterized by high negative weight of gamma-linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), Cis-7 hexadecenoic acid monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and high positive weight of eicosadienoic acid, docosatetraenoic acid, docosapentaenoic n-6, alpha linoleic acid PUFAs, eicosenoic acid MUFAs, margaric acid and behenic acid saturated FAs was positively associated with POAG. After adjustment for major confounders, individuals in the upper tertile of FAs pattern scores compared with those in the lower tertile were more likely to present POAG (OR = 3.09 [95% CI 1.29–7.40] P = 0.013).

Conclusions
We found no significant difference regarding isolated plasma FAs between participants with POAG and participants without neuropathy in elderly but specific FAs pattern might be associated with POAG.