bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnomedicinal properties of orchidaceae by local communities in Lake Toba region, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Aswandi A , Kholibrina C R 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrchids are plant species with beauty and medicinal purposes, but, limited exploration has been conducted on potential utilization of Orchidaceae for medicinal purposes. This study aims to describe the local wisdom in utilization of Orchidaceae in traditional medicine and to identify the phyto-chemical content in particular orchid species which utilized for herbal medicine by local communities in the Lake Toba region. The study was conducted through exploration and in-depth interviews with 24 local communities that applied orchids in their traditional medicine in Karo, Simalungun and Toba of North Sumatra during 2020 to 2021. This study also reviewed various phyto-chemical content and safety issues of orchids utilization. The study identified about 23 orchid species from 15 genera as a main therapeutic agent. Various parts or entire plant are various parts of plant including roots, leaves, stems, flowers or entire plant contain phytochemical compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antipyretic properties, and applied for various medicinal. Some of well-known orchids areAnoectochilus formosanusandCalanthe triplicata. The entire plants are applied in traditional medicine to smooth the liver, to treat rheumatism, diabetes, bronchitis, wound infection, tonic or detoxification. These activities are due to various bio-active compounds, mainly alkaloids, stilbenoids, dimeric phenanthrenes, flavonoids, triterpenoids, etc. These information have been illustrated the excellent potential of Orchidaceae for novel constituents of therapeutic and herbal medicine.
Influence of nano-activated carbon on biodegradation of bamboo paper in the soil
Authors: Hastuti N , Agustini L , Indrawan D A , Pari G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Paper made from natural fiber of ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) and nano-activated carbon from sawdust had been tested as food packaging and showed its ability to maintain freshness and nutritive value of foodstuffs. However, as a packaging material, natural degradability of this alternative natural-fiber paper is required to be tested. This study aims to determine the effect of nano-activated carbon on paper’s biodegradation properties. The results showed that paper treated with nano-activated carbon degraded faster in the soil compared to paper made of bamboo fiber only (control) after 8 weeks of observation. The microorganism population density analysis showed that the paper with nano-activated carbon had a lower microorganism density than the control which accompanied by a decrease in paper weight after 12 weeks of observation. This finding demonstrates the potential utilization of nano-activated carbon as an additive to be inserted into paper to accelerate the biodegradation rate of paper in the soil. The ability of paper to be degraded naturally is very important to support environmental sustainability.
Drying and quality performance of dragon blood’s resin (Daemonorops sp.) exposed to solar and oven drying
Authors: Pasaribu G , Yuniarti K , Waluyo T K , Basri E , Efiyanti L 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDragon blood’s resin is obtained by extracting the dragon blood’s fruit with organic or non-organic solvents. Following extraction, drying process is usually carried out to dry the wet resin. The drying techniques used is assumed to affect not only the drying performance but also the quality of the dragon blood’s resin, in particular its active ingredient content (dracorhodin). The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the effect of solar and oven drying on the drying performance and quality of dragon blood’s resin. The oven temperature used was 60°C. Both drying techniques were executed until the resin dried which was indicated by color change and its easiness to rupture. The results showed that solar drying of dragon blood required shorter time (210 minutes) with higher drying rate (0.25%/minute) than the oven drying process which need 250 minutes to finish with a drying rate of 0.14%/minute. Except the ash content of solar dried resin, other post-drying quality parameters of dragon blood resin from both drying techniques have met the Indonesia standard for trading purpose (SNI 8663:2018). Further statistical analysis confirmed that the drying techniques applied significantly affected the drying rate and post-drying quality values of dragon blood’s resin.
Enhancing the properties of damar (Agathis loranthifolia Salisb.) wood by making hybrid bamboo-wood composite
Authors: Trisatya D R , Iqbal M , Sulastiningsih I M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of laminated bamboo and damar (Agathis loranthifoliaSalisb.) wood as the core layer of the bamboo-damar hybrid composite beam. Andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea(Steud.) Widjaja) and mayan bamboo (Gigantochloa robustaKurz.) were used as the face and back layers of the beam, glued with isocyanate adhesive. Four types of composite beam were produced with various number of laminated bamboo layers. Results showed that the four layers (two layers for each face and back sides) laminated andong bamboo performed superior mechanical properties than others hybrid composite beam, while the four layers (two layers for each face and back sides) laminated mayan bamboo demonstrated the highest compression and bonding strength. The density, MOR, MOE and compression strength of the hybrid composite beam improved 31.3%, 25.95%, 37.81% and 25.12%, respectively, as the outcomes of the incorporation of laminated andong bamboo on the outer layers of the damar board. This paper proves that the number of laminated bamboo layers enhances the properties of the bamboo-damar hybrid composite beam. Furthermore, it shows promising result for complementing furniture and interior design materials as the bamboo-damar hybrid composite beam has remarkable properties.
Fossil wood diversity record from Merangin region, Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: Andianto  , Damayanti R , Dewi L M , Ismanto A , Oktariani H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMerangin is a region in Jambi province, Indonesia, which well-known for its geodiversity. As part of geodiversity, fossil woods play an important role in reconstructing the ancient trees during geological history. Since the study on fossil wood origin Merangin Regency, Jambi, is still limited, this study was conducted to determine fossil wood identity through anatomical features observation and estimate the age of fossil wood samples through geological analysis. The anatomical characteristics were observed using a light microscope to identify the botanical identity of the discovered fossil wood samples. The description of anatomical features refered to the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. The result showed that all fossil woods had similarities with the modern wood from the Dipterocarpaceae family, namelyDryobalanoxylonsp. (Kamper),Hopeniumsp. (Merawan/Hopea),Shoreoxylonsp. (Meranti), andCotylelobioxylonsp. (Giam/Resak). These fossil woods were found in different estimated geological age namely Late Permian/Perem age (254-252 million years old), Late Miocene age (7.24-5.33 million years old); Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene age (3.60-2.58 million years old); and Holocene age (11,700 years old - present). Another approach by using Global Mapper 11 resulted that all the fossil woods were estimated grown in Permian age (290 - 250 million years).
The aromatherapy formulation of essential oils in reducing stress and blood pressure on human
Authors: Kholibrina C R , Aswandi A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyles such as low physical activity, unbalanced nutrition consumption, high workloads, and low emotional management make a person vulnerable to stress. The large-scale lockdowns to reduce COVID-19 transmission also exacerbate the stress level. Regarding organic and complementary therapeutic schemes, both increased relaxation and decreased hypertension are carried out using aromatherapy that involves essential oil formulations. This study aims to identify the characteristics and effects of aromatherapy formulations, including benzoin, nutmeg, and citronella essential oils on relaxation and human blood pressure. The study began by identifying local applications of essential oils through interviews with 20 local people who apply essential oil in their remedies. The method included initial and final measurements of blood pressure in aromatherapy application for three consecutive days. To evaluate aromatherapy profiles, forty respondents were selected purposively and asked about their expression after inhalation. The results showed that application of the aromatherapy formulation reduced systolic pressure by 8.5 mmHg and diastolic pressure by 1.2 mmHg. Most of the respondents considered that the aroma of formulated essential oils has a refreshing and calming effect on their mind. These antidepressant effects are obtained from combination of benzyl cinnamate, geraniol, linalool, myristicin, p-cymene etc in formulated essential oils. This research concluded that inhalation of essential oils formulation provided a relaxing effect and reduced hypertension, significantly.
Community social capital in supporting biomass development at The Purwakarta Forest Management Unit, West Java
Authors: Surati  , Sylviani  , Djaenudin D , Septina A D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Biomass plantations are starting to become an option for developing renewable energy sources. Socio-economic problems related to management regulations, trust, and networks in the biomass energy plantations-developing process need to be resolved. This study aims to determine the capacity of community social capital in supporting the development of biomass plantations. The location of the study was at Purwakarta Forest Management Unit (FMU). Data collection was carried out by observation, household surveys using questionnaires, and Focus Group Discussion. Data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. The results show that, in general, the community has strong social capital in building biomass plant partnerships, especially in the aspect of trust. Farmer’s trust in those who assist in the management of biomass plants is relatively high, namely Perhutani, the farmer group leader, and the community leaders. The farmers will be motivated to develop biomass crops if successful examples exist. The social norms and sanctions for farmers in the biomass plant management at Purwakarta FMU are very low, but the community is still obedient to the social norms. The networking ability of farmers is relatively low, so intensive assistance in developing biomass farming must be improved, either in technical assistance or intensive extension.
Model of conflict resolution at KHDTK Carita through participatory action research
Authors: Bangsawan I , Wibowo L R , Subarudi  , Hudiyani I , Hakim L , Kurniasari D R , Mulyadin R M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Minister of Environment and Forestry has designated 52 units of Special Purpose Forest Areas (KHDTK) in 2015, in which the Research Development and Innovation Agency manages 35 units with an area of 37,569 ha. In fact, almost all of the KHDTK areas are inseparable from land conflicts with local communities, including in KHDTK Carita. More than 600 farmers have encroached 80% of the area by developing non-forestry crops. This study aims to provide a policy recommendation for conflict resolution in KHDTK and encourage the acceleration of implementation and achievement of national priority policy targets for social forestry. For this study, a participatory action research (PAR) approach is used to encourage social change at the local level and policies at national level. The results of the study reveal that there are two types of conflict namely management conflict involving three different institutions, and utilization conflict involving residents who live in two different villages. A combination of a local elite approach and a formal (legality) approach are needed in conflict resolution. Recognition and protection of forestry partnerships (Kulin KK) is also one of the solutions offered in conflict resolution.
The role of stakeholder to support the development of competitive commodities on peatlands: case study in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province
Authors: Salaka F J , Djaenudin D , Parlinah N , Indartik  , Suryandari E Y , Kurniawan A S , Iqbal M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In developing a food security business model, support from various related stakeholders is required. The success of this program cannot be done by a single actor but should be a collaboration among actors. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze stakeholders and their roles in developing a partnership model to support the development of competitive commodities in peatland area. This study was conducted in 2020 at the villages of Buntoi and Mantaren 1, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. Data analysed are primary and secondary which are collected through in-depth interviews and online questionnaires. The data are analyzed using stakeholder analysis. The result of the study shows that several actors have the potentials to become key players in the development of superior commodities in peatland area, there are five actors at the district level (Official of Agriculture, Official of Food Crops, Official of Regional Planning and Development, Official of Trade, Cooperatives, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, and Official of Community and Village Empowerment), two actors at the provincial level (Official of Food Crops Services and Official of The Food Security, an actor at the site level (Forest Management Unit (FMU/KPH)), and one institution at the village level (the joint business group (Kelompok Usaha Bersama/KUB) or the social forestry business group (Kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial/KUPS). KUB or KUPS can be the main social actor of the village to support the development of value chains for competitive products. The Village Government can form BUMDes to accommodate KUB, KUPS, or the other farmer groups in managing their business for both marketing and financing purposes. The local government plays an important role in being the leader in supporting the developments along the value chain for the products. In addition, it also requires good cooperation with other institutions such as financial institutions, industries, and universities.
The initial assessment of the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on forest resilience and forest-dependent community resilience in East Kalimantan
Authors: Wahyuni T , Wiati C B 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany groups of people living in and around forests in Kalimantan are confronted with particularly acute and simultaneous challenges during the covid-19 pandemic. These challenges include forest security, food security, nutrition, and basic livelihoods, declining incomes due to social restrictions, vulnerable land and resource rights that are critical, access to health care, lack of access to government social protection measures, and information mainly through digital mode. This paper seeks to build an understanding of the sustainability of the communities most dependent on forest resources for the vulnerable members of society’s livelihood and an understanding of the importance of secure land and forest rights to adapt and cope with livelihood difficulties in times of pandemics and other difficult circumstances. We combined social scientific methods including review of relevant published literature, participatory observation, and semi-structured interviews. This paper identified factors influencing community resilience to include population size, autonomy, community leadership, economic diversity, and infrastructure base. The covid-19 experience shows that resilient communities (e.g. with secure land and forest rights, ability to govern forests, and having incomes from forest products) were able to invest in health care, livelihoods, and employment generation activities during the pandemic. They were also able to prevent the spread of disease by using customary practices to enforce self-isolation and protective measures.
Community livelihood improvement through social forestry and agraria reform in Indonesia: a critical thought
Authors: Subarudi  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The existence of a poor community, landless farmers and tenure conflict triggers the government to launch a social forestry (SF) and an agrarian reform (Land Object Agrararian Reform-TORA) program. Both programs should be evaluated periodically. The objectives of the research are to (i) explain the definition of SF and TORA and their target achievement, (ii) accelerate the target achievement of SF and TORA, (iii) analyze the community prosperity before and after SF and TORA implementation, and (iv) formulate a recommendation for the effectiveness of SF and TORA future implementation. The exploration of regulation substances uses content analysis and the explanation of the whole discussion uses the descriptive qualitative method. The research result reveals that the SF program has given management rights at the state forest. Meanwhile, the TORA program has distributed property (land) rights from the state land. Both programs have the same objectives that improve and increase the prosperity of their recipient target; however, both definitions are the difference between the old and the new definition. The good acceleration of both programs is the revision of their recipient target. The prosperity of the community should be enhanced by giving them access to capital, technology, relevant training, and the market. The effectiveness of the SF and TORA program can be acheived by implementing simple and appropriate actions for their six pilars (economical, social, ecological, professional, technical, and cultural) of target achievement.
Alternative natural capital-based livelihoods in facing peatland degradation in Rengas Merah hamlet, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, Indonesia: a financial analysis approach
Authors: Ulya N A , Waluyo E A , Nurlia A , Rahmat M , Martin E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Peat swamp forests in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) Regency have been experiencing dramatic changes caused by timber extraction and fire. These changes are now increasing ecological vulnerability and threatening the livelihoods of communities living in rural areas around these forests. This study investigated the diversity of natural capital-based livelihood strategies for sustainable livelihood in Rengas Merah hamlet, OKI Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, with a financial analysis approach. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is used for data analysis. Data were collected using questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. A benefit-cost analysis analyzed the choice of various livelihoods. The result showed that gelam wood harvesting and developing edible bird nests while cultivating rice paddy are feasible as a sustainable livelihood. Natural capital is still a significant asset for the community to achieve sustainable livelihood. The natural capital-based livelihood strategy by directly exploiting natural resources combined with agricultural cultivation is the primary strategy chosen by the community for livelihoods sustainability.
The views of forestry employees on the cultivation of food crops in forest areas: a case study in Central Java
Authors: Effendi R , Triyono  , Poedjowadi D , Handoyo  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The environment and forestry sectors are expected to contribute to achieving food sovereignty. However, the cultivation of food crops in forest areas for commercial purposes is still limited since incommodity nomenclature, the food cropsareonly as crops. The objective of this study was to find out the views of forestry employees in Central Java on the cultivation of food crops in forest areas. Data was collected through a survey and analyzed through a descriptive quantitative method. The results showed the views of forestry employees were as follows. First, food crops need to be cultivated in forest areas on a large scale to increase forest benefits for communities and companies. Food crops such as paddy and maize were cultivated using an intercropping system during forest regeneration, shade-resistant food crops such as coffee and porang were cultivated under forest stands and fruit crops such as durian and mangosteen were cultivated in a mixture with woody trees. Second, foods obtained from the forests were recorded in statistics of environment and forestry and accounted for as contributions of environment and forestry sector. Therefore, the forests need to be managed for wood and food production to support food sovereignty.
Implications of omnibus law for forestland conflict resolution systems (a case study in Sumbawa)
Authors: Pieter L , Utomo M M B , Siagian C 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere are many cases of forestland tenure in Indonesia and one of them occurre in a village on the island of Sumbawa. Currently, the Omnibus Law no.11/2020 and its derivative regulation PP no. 23/2021 came up to create a more robust business enabling environment in the forestry sector with one of the targets is to improve the economic conditions of the communities around the forests. In relation to the forestry conflict in Sumbawa, these regulations bring hope for the parties involved in the conflict in the efforts to resolve prolonged tenure conflicts. The purpose of this case study is to examine how the new forestry regulations can provide options for communities and the Forest Management Unit (FMU) in resolving forestry conflicts, assess how conflicting communities perceive the forms of cooperation of their expectation in the future, and provide options for potential partnerships to be initiated. The research methods used are historical study, survey, participant observation, semi-structured interviews with forest managers and communities, and focus group discussion that was all carried out in 2017. The findings show that according to PP. no. 23/2021 and the history of this area, this piece of land is a potential object of the social forestry program. In addition, through this action research, two farmer groups are successfully formed. This makes the legalization of social forestry one-step forward to be a reality. Moreover, all respondents agree to carry out partnership with the FMU. This study recommends that the ideal form of forestry partnership is community forestry considering the location of the conflict land is in a production forest area. The facilitations could be implemented to support; the community are the legalization of community forestry, support for the development of honey from stingless bees that has been being developed by some farmers, cashew based business development, and assistance in implementing agroforestry with a sustainable alley cropping model of wood-cashew-corn plants. Initiatives from local people and facilitation from FMU are required to succeed the implementation of Omnibus Law in the forestry sector.