bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Author preprint behaviour and non‐compliance with journal preprint policies: One biomedical journal's experience
Authors: Higgins Jan , Steiner Robert D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigated author use of preprints including compliance with journal preprint policy, timing of posting, likelihood of preprint review impacting manuscript content, and consistency in licensing. Submissions to one biomedical journal were reviewed over 2.5 years. About 24% of authors were non‐compliant with the journal's preprint policy. Only three journal articles out of 76 posted as preprints received publicly available comments on the preprints. Additionally, most preprints and articles were submitted so closely together temporally (<10 days apart) that even if comments had been posted online in response to the preprint, they were unlikely to have led to changes in manuscript content submitted to the journal. iThenticate plagiarism detection software scored preprints and articles 83% similar (median), providing additional evidence that preprint posting does not notably affect manuscript content. Lastly, preprint versus journal publication licence types were compared. Most authors chose different licence types for the preprint and subsequent journal article, setting up an inherent conflict about reuse of very similar work and incompatible dual licensing of essentially a single product. These insights into author use of preprints and compliance with policy furthers understanding of author utilization of preprints, informs future author education efforts, and supports attempts to harmonize licensing.
A profile design method to improve the wear performance of misaligned water‐lubricated bearing
Authors: Wang Jiefu , Han Yanfeng , Geng Zhibo , Xiang Guo , Wang Jiaxu , Zhao Rui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study presents a profile design method to improve the wear performance of misaligned water‐lubricated bearing based on the modified Archard model. This method takes into account the variation of the film thickness under the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (mixed‐EHL). A transient hydrodynamic Reynolds equation model with the Patir–Cheng flow factors is used to predict the evolution of the mixed‐EHL performance over time. The Archard model is extended to predict the time‐varying wear based on the fatigue concept. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed profile design method; the simulation results, including the transient contact pressure, wear depth and wear volume, between the considering and not considering the profile design are compared. To gain insight, several illustrative examples are presented to show the amelioration of the profile design. Parametric studies are reported to show the applicability of the profile design and emphasise the profile height selection. Therefore, the profile design is an extraordinary method to reduce the edge wear.
FAM129B‐dependent activation of NRF2 promotes an invasive phenotype in BRAF mutant melanoma cells
Authors: Schmidlin Cody J. , Tian Wang , Dodson Matthew , Chapman Eli , Zhang Donna D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncidence of melanoma continues to rise in the United States with ~100,000 new cases diagnosed in 2019. While the 5‐year survival rate of melanoma is 99% when localized, the rate of survival drops to 22.5% when distant disease is detected. As such, an area of great interest is understanding the mechanisms that promote melanoma metastasis so that better potential therapeutic targets can be discovered. Herein, we demonstrate that activation of NRF2 by FAM129B contributes to increased metastatic potential of BRAF V600E mutant melanoma cells. Specifically, FAM129B induces NRF2 by competing for Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1) binding (the negative regulator of NRF2) via an ETGE motif. Furthermore, we show that phosphorylation of FAM129B plays a role in mediating the interaction between FAM129B and KEAP1, as the phosphorylation status of FAM129B dictates its subcellular localization. When phosphorylated, FAM129B is found primarily in the cytosol where it can bind to KEAP1, but upon inhibition of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase activity, FAM129B is localized to the cell membrane and no longer interacts with KEAP1. In BRAF V600E mutant melanoma, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway leads to hyperphosphorylation of FAM129B, and therefore FAM129B localizes to the cytosol, binds KEAP1, and upregulates NRF2. Importantly, genetic modulation or pharmacological inhibition that results in a decrease in FAM129B protein level or its phosphorylation decreases migration and invasion of mutant melanoma in an NRF2‐dependent manner. Overall, these data indicate that phosphorylation of FAM129B plays a significant role in driving the metastatic potential of BRAF V600E melanoma via upregulation of the NRF2 signaling pathway.
Use of a combined SIEA and SCIP based double pedicled abdominal flap for breast reconstruction
Authors: Yano Tomoyuki , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Karakawa Ryo , Fuse Yuma , Kuramoto Yukiko , Shibata Tomoyoshi , Suesada Nobuko , Miyashita Hiroki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap has become the gold standard for breast reconstruction, but it has some drawbacks such as abdominal bulging and hernia. To overcome these disadvantages, the superficial inferior epigastric artery perforator (SIEA) flap is used as an alternative option, but it has another problem, namely limited vascular territory and risk of vascular thrombosis. To solve these problems, we introduced our new technique, a combined SIEA and superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) based double pedicled abdominal flap. In this report, we present our experience of using this technique.MethodsThe SIEA and SCIP based double pedicled abdominal flap was used in five patients who wanted to have unilateral breast reconstruction after a mastectomy due to breast cancer. The average age was 48.2 (range 38–56) years, and the average BMI was 24.4 (range 19.2–31.4). The SIEA and SCIP based double pedicled abdominal flap was designed as a modified DIEP flap, and all flaps were placed in the vertical setting. The flap pedicles had two different vascular supplies, SIEA and SCIA, and the drainage systems, SIEV and SCIV, anastomosed to the internal mammary artery and vein in all cases.ResultsThe harvested SIEA and SCIP based double pedicled abdominal flaps were a median volume of 925 g (range 452–1570 g) and average size of 491 cm2 (range 440–611 cm2). The average reconstructive time was 7:41 (range 6:31–9:17). In four out of the five cases, the SIEA and SCIA joined together to make a common pedicle artery trunk, and its average size was 1.08 mm. Four out of the five cases had a wide vascular territory crossing the abdominal midline as shown by ICG angiography. One case showed ICG fluorescence for the hemi‐side of the abdominal flap. Postoperative course was uneventful, and there were no major perioperative complications, which need extra surgical procedures. Follow‐up period averaged 273 days (range 194–312 days).ConclusionThe SIEA and SCIP based double pedicled abdominal flap showed viable flap territory across the midline in all cases. The SIEA and SCIP based double pedicled abdominal flap might be another ideal option for breast reconstruction, when appropriate SIEA and SCIA pedicles are identified, and an adequate ICG fluorescence is obtained for the size of flap needed.
Anatomical variations of the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve: A detailed electrophysiological study
Authors: Hemmi Shoji , Kurokawa Katsumi , Nagai Taiji , Okamoto Toshio , Asano Akio , Murakami Tatsufumi , Mihara Masahito , Sunada Yoshihide 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn this study we evaluated anatomic variations of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN) electrophysiologically.MethodsAntidromic nerve conduction studies (NCS) of the SBRN and DBUN were performed on healthy individuals. To identify individual responses from the distal branches of the SBRN and DBUN, sensory nerve action potentials of each finger (lateral side/medial side) were recorded.ResultsNCS were performed in 50 hands of 27 healthy control subjects. The thumb and the index finger were supplied by the SBRN in all cases. The lateral and medial sides of the third finger were supplied by the SBRN in 94.0% and 74.0% of the cases, but the lateral and medial sides of the fourth finger were supplied by the SBRN in only 10.0% and 2.0% of cases. The fifth finger and the medial side of the fourth finger were always supplied by the DBUN. The lateral side of the fourth finger was supplied by the DBUN in 98.0% of cases, but the lateral and medial sides of the third finger were supplied by the DBUN in 40.0% and 70.0% of cases. Dual innervation by the SBRN and DBUN was found in 34.0% and 46.0% of the lateral and medial sides of the third finger, but in only 8.0% and 2.0% of the lateral and medial sides of the fourth finger.DiscussionThere are considerable anatomic variations of the SBRN and DBUN in healthy individuals.
Endogenous Glucose Production in Critical Illness
Authors: Al‐Yousif Nameer , Rawal Sagar , Jurczak Michael , Mahmud Hussain , Shah Faraaz Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRegulation of endogenous glucose production (EGP) by hormonal, neuronal, and metabolic signaling pathways contributes to the maintenance of euglycemia under normal physiologic conditions. EGP is defined by the generation of glucose from substrates through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, usually in fasted states, for local and systemic use. Abnormal increases in EGP are noted in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, and elevated EGP may also impact the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and congestive heart failure. In this narrative review, we performed a literature search in PubMed to identify recently published English language articles characterizing EGP in critical illness. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrates that critical illness can disrupt EGP through multiple mechanisms including increased systemic inflammation, counterregulatory hormone and catecholamine release, alterations in the hypothalamic‐pituitary axis, insulin resistance, lactic acidosis, and iatrogenic insults such as vasopressors and glucocorticoids administered as part of clinical care. EGP contributes to hyperglycemia in critical illness when abnormally elevated and to hypoglycemia when abnormally depressed, each of which has been independently associated with increased mortality. Increased EGP may also promote protein catabolism that could worsen critical illness myopathy and impede recovery. Better understanding of the mechanisms and factors contributing to dysregulated EGP in critical illness may help in the development of therapeutic strategies that promote euglycemia, reduce intensive care unit–associated catabolism, and improve patient outcomes.
Effect of prenatal aerobic exercises on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Veisy Afsaneh , Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi Sakineh , Hematzadeh Shahla , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of prenatal aerobic exercises on maternal and neonatal outcomes.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodA search was carried out in databases including PubMed, ProQuest, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran and SID until 30 September 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed the articles for quality and risk of bias using the Cochrane handbook. The statistical heterogeneity was determined using the Cochran's Q test and Higgins' I2 coefficient.ResultsOf the 2,790 extracted articles, 16 were included in this review. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that prenatal exercise can increase the frequency of vaginal delivery significantly (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.08–1.43), but had no statistically significant effect on other maternal and neonatal outcomes, such as first, second and third stages of labour, gestational age at birth, first and fifth‐minute Apgar score, umbilical cord pH, neonatal weight, height and head circumference (p > .05).ConclusionsThe meta‐analysis results suggested that prenatal exercise can reduce the frequency of caesarean section.
Effect of 5‐HT2C receptor gene polymorphism (HTR2C−759C/T) on metabolic adverse effects in Thai psychiatric patients treated with risperidone
Authors: Vanwong Natchaya , Puangpetch Apichaya , Unaharassamee Weerapon , Jiratjintana Napa , Na Nakorn Chalitpon , Hongkaew Yaowaluck , Sukasem Chonlaphat 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) is related to metabolic disturbances, which put psychiatric patients at risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Evidence is emerging of genetic risk factors. The HTR2C gene is an essential candidate in pharmacogenetic studies of antipsychotic‐induced metabolic effects. Nevertheless, there were inconsistent results among studies.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between ‐759C/T, functional polymorphism of the HTR2C gene and metabolic adverse effects in Thai psychiatric patients treated with risperidone monotherapy.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, 108 psychiatric patients treated with risperidone monotherapy for ≥3 months were recruited. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were obtained upon enrollment and history of treatment was reviewed from medical records. Weight gain was defined as an increase ≥7% of baseline weight. Metabolic syndrome was evaluated according to the 2005 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Asia criteria. The ‐759C/T, polymorphism was genotyped. The associations between ‐759C/T polymorphism and metabolic side effects were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression was used for determining potential confounders.ResultsNeither weight gain nor metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with −759C/T allelic and genotype variants of HTR2C. However, T allele of ‐759C/T polymorphism significantly associated with the hypertension. This association was not affected by possible confounding factors such as gender, risperidone dose, duration of treatment and family history of hypertension.ConclusionOur findings suggest that psychiatric patients with T allele of ‐759C/T polymorphism may be at higher risk for hypertension. Further study with prospective design with larger patient groups are needed.
Mitochondria‐Targeted Bovine Serum Albumin@Copper Sulfide Nanocomposites Conjugated with Rhodamine‐110 Dye for an Enhanced Efficacy of Cancer Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Tong Haibei , Gao Yan , Li Jialiang , Li Jiachen , Huang Di , Shi Jisen , Santos Hélder A. , Xia Bing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecently, mitochondria‐targeted photothermal nanoagents demonstrated an improved therapeutic efficacy of cancer cells, compared with non‐targeting ones. Herein, copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles are in situ synthesized via bovine serum albumin (BSA) templates to prepare photothermal BSA@CuS nanocomposites with high efficiency (42.0%) of photothermal conversion. Subsequently, rhodamine‐110 (R) molecules are covalently conjugated with BSA@CuS nanocomposites to construct mitochondria‐targeted R‐BSA@CuS nanocomposites, which still retained 22.8% of photothermal conversion efficiency. Furthermore, as‐prepared R‐BSA@CuS nanocomposites can be efficiently internalized by human breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells, and then specifically accumulated in their subcellular mitochondria, not lysosomes. Compared with non‐targeting BSA@CuS nanocomposites, these mitochondria‐targeted R‐BSA@CuS nanocomposites show a significant enhancement (***p < 0.001) of their anticancer efficacy under the same near‐infrared irradiation conditions, whose mechanism is further explored in details. Finally, these R‐BSA@CuS nanocomposites can succeed in penetrating in 3D multicellular tumor spheroids composed of MCF‐7 cells. And they also show a significant inhibition effect (**p < 0.01) on the growth of spheroids via photothermal therapy, in contrast to bare BSA@CuS nanocomposites under the same irradiation conditions. Therefore, these mitochondria‐targeted and photothermal R‐BSA@CuS nanocomposites have important potential applications on cancer photothermal therapy with an enhanced efficacy.
When adherence and inhalation technique matter: Difficult‐to‐control pediatric asthma in low‐ to middle‐income countries
Authors: Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. , Sossa‐Briceño Monica P. , Sinha Ian P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite relatively recent advances in our understanding of the physiopathology of asthma and the availability of highly effective controller medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), currently many pediatric patients fail to control their asthma, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Although some of these difficult‐to‐control asthmatic children have severe therapy‐resistant asthma, most of them experience poor asthma control due to various modifiable factors, among which poor adherence to inhaled controller therapy and inadequate inhaler technique are the most common. Although electronic monitoring devices have been considered to be essential tools in identifying patients with severe therapy‐resistant asthma, their high cost and low availability have currently limited their use in clinical practice. For these reasons, clinicians might consider using validated self‐reported questionnaires and the weight of inhaler canisters and as alternative and valid options for assessing adherence to inhaled controller therapy. Furthermore, clinicians might consider adopting validated instruments as an objective measurement of the adequacy of inhaler technique. Although recognizing poor adherence does not automatically lead to improved adherence, it is usually an essential first step in effectively targeting adherence behavior, especially if the reasons for low or erratic compliance are explored by means of non‐judgmental doctor‐patient communication. These recommendations could assist in overcoming our inability to have pediatric asthmatic patients use ICS and in avoiding escalating their controller therapy toward more expensive medications, eventually reaching the use biologics. Promoting the rational and cost‐effective use of asthma controller therapy could help to optimize the limited health resources in many LMICs.
Conformational diversity defines substrate specificity of thymidylate/uridylate kinase from Candida albicans
Authors: Sinha Kaustubh , Rule Gordon S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThymidylate kinase (TMK) from Candida albicans (CaTMK) contains a unique 15 residue insert, the CaLoop, that is not found on other TMKs. CaTMK is proficient at phosphorylating deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), showing a rate 6‐fold higher than TMP. It has been shown that deletion of the CaLoop reduces the activity towards dUMP by 19‐fold, but has only a modest 4‐fold decrease in activity towards TMP. The molecular dynamics calculations presented here show that the increased activity towards dUMP is due to an increase in flexibility and correlated motions of the protein that allows the enzyme‐dUMP complex to more readily approach a catalytically competent state. Deletion of the CaLoop allows the dUMP‐enzyme complex to adopt catalytically non‐functional conformations. In contrast, TMP stabilizes the deletion such that it remains in a functional conformation that is similar to the conformation of the original enzyme.
Efficacy of nonfumigant nematicides against Meloidogyne javanica as affected by soil temperature under pasteurized and natural soil conditions
Authors: Bui Hung X , Desaeger Johan A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiotic and abiotic factors such as microbes and soil temperature can affect nematicide efficacy. Two experiments were conducted to test the effect of three soil temperatures on the efficacy of nonfumigant nematicides (fluopyram, fluensulfone, oxamyl and fluazaindolizine) against Meloidogyne javanica in pasteurized and natural soil in planta.RESULTSThe results showed that all tested nematicides were more efficacious in pasteurized than in natural soil. Temperature affected the nematicides differently with no effect of soil temperature on oxamyl and fluazaindolizine, whereas fluopyram and fluensulfone had greater efficacy at higher soil temperatures.CONCLUSIONTemperature effects were noted for some but not all nonfumigant nematicides. Fluopyram and fluensulfone were less effective when applied in cold soil, whereas oxamyl and fluazaindolizine were not affected by soil temperature. Although all nematicides resulted in almost complete control of M. javanica in pasteurized soil, this was not the case in natural soil, and much more root damage and nematode reproduction was noted in the latter. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Contact toxicity and biochemical impact of metaldehyde against the white garden snail Theba pisana (Müller, 1774)
Authors: Abobakr Yasser , Gad Amira F , Abou‐Elnasr Hamza S , Abdelgalil Gaber M , Hussein Hamdy I , Selim Shady 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTerrestrial snails are one of the most damaging threats to sustainable agriculture. Chemical control using molluscicides is the main approach used to combat these agricultural pests. Metaldehyde is the active ingredient in most snail control products in use. However, its toxicity indices and mode of action have scarcely been investigated. For the first time, we characterized the metaldehyde contact toxicity indices against the white garden snail Theba pisana. The biochemical impact of metaldehyde on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activities and the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level was investigated.RESULTSThe median lethal dose (LD50) values at 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment were 11.33, 8.53, and 6.87 μg g−1 body weight (BW), respectively; while, the median lethal time (LT50) values were 88.16, 55.85, and 25.67 h when doses of 6, 8, and 12 μg g−1 BW were applied, respectively. In the snails treated with 2.83 and 5.67 μg g−1 BW (¼ and ½ LD50 at 24 h of treatment) and 2.13 and 4.27 μg g−1 BW (¼ and ½ LD50 at 48 h of treatment), higher AChE, GST, AST, ALT, and ALP activities as well as higher levels of LPO were observed compared with that of untreated snails.CONCLUSIONMetaldehyde displayed dose‐ and time‐dependent contact toxicity. The biochemical results suggest that metaldehyde may have neurotoxic and cytotoxic actions in terrestrial snails. Application of metaldehyde in ways that could control pest snails and slugs and reduce its negative impact on the environment are discussed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Properties and Structure of Modified Taro Starch: Comparison of Ultrasound and Malic Acid Treatments
Authors: Hu Aijun , Chen Xinli , Wang Wei , Li Li , Zhou Yu , Zhi Wenli , Zheng Jie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe properties and structure of native taro starch and three modified starches (ultrasonically modified starch, malic acid modified starch, and ultrasound‐malic acid modified starch) are compared and analyzed in this work. Experimental results demonstrate that ultrasound and malic acid change the properties and structure of taro starch. Compared with the native starch, the combination of ultrasound and malic acid (UM) leads to the decrease of the viscosity values and ΔH, as well as the improvement of swelling power, water holding capacity, and oil absorption rate. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microgram shows that UM results in the damage and degradation of starch granules. Laser diffraction analysis indicates that native starch and modified starches all exhibit bimodal distribution, and ultrasound leads to the decrease of starch particle size, while malic acid results in the increase. The FT‐IR spectra suggest that UM changes the peak intensity and width of starch molecules and produces a new characteristic peak at 1741 cm−1. In conclusion, UM is effective for modifying starch, and it can promote the taro starch process.