bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agency in Concurrent Engineering
Authors: Birmingham William P. , D’Ambrosio Joseph G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We have developed a formal process for concurrent engineering that maximizes concurrency in the CE enterprise through decentralized, distributed decision making, and optimizes across the CE enterprise by (minimally) coordinating design and manufacturing decisions by enforcing feasibility and preferential dependencies. We call this process hierarchical concurrent engineering (HCE). A central idea in this work is decentralization (and concomitant distribution), where we attempt to minimally control the actions (decision making) of engineers. The HCE decision-making model is a way of describing the network of decision processes needed for a CE enterprise. This model extends traditional “influence diagrams” as it incorporates constraints and multiple decision makers. We also present a software agent architecture that implements the HCE decision model, and we show how this model naturally leads to design processes, which are sequences of coordinated decisions.
The Role of Shape in Communicating Designers’ Aesthetic Intents
Authors: van Breemen Ernest J. J. , Sudijono Slamet 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Product designers want to evoke specific target customer responses. They communicate their aesthetic intents to target customers by means of the shape, composition and physical properties of the designed product. As a contribution in the development of a computer aided conceptual support system, we developed a theory of communication of aesthetic intents, with a formalism of a mapping between the space of shape characteristics and the space of aesthetic characteristics, describing how aesthetic intents can be related to the shape of a product. We used this as a starting point for empirical studies into respondents shape perception of products, and their appreciation of these products. We analyzed the results of these experiments and concluded that a first version of the mapping can be established.
CFMA: An Effective FMEA Tool for Analysis and Selection of the Concept for a New Product
Authors: Hari Amihud , Weiss Menachem P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It has been established and widely accepted that the early phases of the engineering design process are the most critical to the technical and economical success of a new product. Most of the product’s performance and failures are determined and more than 75% of its life cycle cost is committed during the conceptual design phase. A major step in all conceptual design methodologies is the concept selection phase, where out of the many concepts generated, one is selected and it becomes the basis for the favored solution. Such a selection must be influenced by the potential failure modes, that the product, which is based on the chosen concept, may suffer from and will be exposed to in the future. In the past, the well established Failure Mode and Effects Analysis - FMEA was used for this purpose, but in the system level only. The proposed, new Conceptual Failure Mode Analysis - CFMA is a modified version of FMEA, that was developed for use in the conceptual design phase of a new product. CFMA enables to select the preferred concept (out of many generated), based also on future potential failure modes. CFMA is considered by the authors, as a major and important attribute in concept selection, that can now be taken into account in new concepts evaluation. CFMA is also shown as a vital part of the prescriptive Integrated, Customer Driven, Conceptual Design Method - ICDM, that has recently been introduced by the authors. It is the aim of this paper to introduce CFMA as a substantial additional tool for concept selection.
Identifying Product Portfolio Architecture Modularity Using Function and Variety Heuristics
Authors: Zamirowski Erik J. , Otto Kevin N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a method for identifying product portfolio architecture alternatives based upon customer needs and product function. Customer needs and uses are interpreted according to the variation in performance target values across the market and within the set of individual customer uses. Product uses are represented by function structures consisting of the functions necessary for achieving the use. These individual product use function structures are combined into a monolithic function structure to represent the entire product portfolio. This monolith is then partitioned according to function and product variety heuristics into function clusters that anticipate product modules. This candidate modularity can then be used to deliver product variety across the product portfolio given functional constraints. A portfolio of xerographic products is used as the working example.
Product Platform Design: A Graph Grammar Approach
Authors: Siddique Zahed , Rosen David W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The current marketplace can be characterized by the need for variety, faster time to market, and decrease in cost. To survive companies are shifting from a mass production mode to mass customization to provide the necessary variety. One of the key elements of mass customization is the product platform. In this paper we will investigate the use of graph grammars to develop common platforms for a set of similar products and to specify the product portfolio supported by the platform. To facilitate development of common platforms a formal product family architecture representation is presented which separates the core and the options to facilitate the identification of the common platform. Graphs are used to represent the core for function and structure viewpoints, and grammars to specify the relationships among the core and the options. Arguments on suitability of graph grammars in common platform development, are also presented in the paper.
Set-Based Models of Product Platform Design and Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Finch William W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes an empirical test of the expressive capacity of set-based causal models representing design and manufacturing processes for product platforms. First, the paper gives a brief overview of set-based modeling techniques developed in earlier work. It describes the underlying assumptions of set-based causal models and defines elements of the tables and graphs that represent them. The paper then presents tabular and graphical representations of greatly simplified design or manufacturing processes for three varied industrial products: Sony Walkman personal stereos, the Xerox Document Center family, and Denso automotive panel meters. A short discussion follows each example and examines issues raised by the construction of each model. This empirical work supports development of methodology for constructing set-based models of general product development processes.
Development of a Functional Basis for Design
Authors: Stone Robert B. , Wood Kristin L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Functional models represent a form independent blueprint of a product. As with any blueprint or schematic, a consistent language or coding system is required to ensure others can read it. This paper introduces such a design language, called a functional basis, where product function is characterized in a verb-object (function-flow) format. The set of functions and flows is intended to comprehensively describe the mechanical design space. Clear definitions are provided for each function and flow. The functional basis is compared to previous functional representations and is shown to subsume these attempts as well as offer a more consistent classification scheme. An example is provided for using the functional basis to form a functional model. Applications to the areas of product architecture development, function structure generation, and design information archival and transmittal are discussed.
The “Generation Gap”: A CSP Approach Linking Function to Form Grammar Generation
Authors: Schmidt Linda C. , Shi Hai , Kerkar Sameer 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors use a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) approach to the assembly problem linking a function-based design generation algorithm to a geometric modeler. The goal is to create a unified graph-grammar based design generation tool that enables generation of geometrically valid designs from a functionally valid design concept. The paper demonstrates the Assembler, a graph-grammar based algorithm that takes a functionally valid but geometrically ambiguous design of a cart made of Meccano Erector Set components and converts it into valid solid models of cart designs. The authors show that the approach has potential but that even the simple cart example requires more sophisticated constraining than was done in this implementation.
Analysis of Purposeful and Incidental Interactions
Authors: Liedholm Ulf 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Within a product there exist interactions between the sub-systems. Some interactions are purposeful others might be incidental and even detrimental. The interactions are termed purposeful interactions and incidental interactions.
A classification of general inputs and outputs is presented. Different approaches for establishing purposeful interactions, especially during conceptual design are discussed in the paper.
It is important to find and identify incidental interactions as early as possible during design. In this paper an approach for finding incidental interactions, estimating the consequence of them and describing the countermeasures to them is presented.
Clarifying the Fuzzy Front End of New Product Development: Teaching Engineering and Industrial Design Students Ethnographic Methods to Foster Interdisciplinary Inquiry Into Consumer Needs
Authors: Cagan Jonathan , Vogel Craig 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A unique approach to teaching new product development is discussed. The methodology emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration between engineering and industrial design, and includes ethnographic techniques as a means to tie the early product development process directly to the user. The methodology builds on emerging trends in industry and the insights of the authors gained from teaching Integrated Product Development over a five year period. The approach emphasizes qualitative methods to help understand the fuzzy, early stages of the product development cycle, and the more traditional quantitative tools at the back end of the cycle. The goal is to create new products that enhance the experiences of consumers and connect with their lifestyles. The experiences discussed in this paper, while primarily formed through an academic setting, may lend new insights into product development processes for use within industry.
Towards Unambiguous Specifications: Five Alternative Job Control Models for an Object-Oriented, Hierarchical Shop Control System
Authors: Flater David , Barkmeyer Edward , Wallace Evan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In a distributed, object-oriented, hierarchical shop control system, there are many ways of organizing the interactions between supervisory controllers and subordinate controllers. Depending on what model of job control is used, objects will be allocated differently among the levels of control, and the interactions between controllers will vary considerably. This paper describes five models of job control that are equally functional, but use different paradigms for managing jobs. Although each is attempting to serve the same purpose in the same context, the five ways of viewing the system lead to distinct implementations that cannot interoperate. This demonstrates the importance of specifying the control model when designing an object-oriented manufacturing system.
An Intelligent Concrete Mix Design System
Authors: Dagnino Aldo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the development and implementation of a computerized knowledge-based system (SmartMix) that provides assistance to concrete mix designers by automatically generating designs of concrete mixes. These concrete mixes can be used for the construction of power plants, buildings, bridges, etc. The generation of designs by SmartMix is based on current design practices and heuristic rules. SmartMix incorporates current empirical data and its knowledge base can be expanded to include data gathered in the future. SmartMix is a fully operational system and has been designed taking into account the existence of several concrete plants geographically distributed that produce concrete mixes. This is an important consideration because different materials will be available depending on the geographic location of a particular plant. The mix design provided by SmartMix addresses the specific requirements and characteristics of the concrete plant that is to produce it.
SmartMix was built using a knowledge-based systems environment called Smart Elements from Neuron Data. The system’s domain expertise consists of heuristic knowledge, statistical information and intelligent objects. The system has improved the reliability and consistency of the new concrete mix designs and has reduced dramatically the time and cost associated with the design of concrete mixes with respect to the manual process. The development of SmartMix was completed in 1995 as a result of a Joint Research Venture project between Pildysh Engineering Inc. and the Alberta Research Council. SmartMix has been in use since the fall of 1995 and is currently being used by Pildysh Engineering Inc. as a primary tool for the design of concrete mixes. Substantial cost savings and quality improvement have been achieved as a result of the implementation of SmartMix.
Evaluating a Change Process Product Data Model for an Analysis Driven Supply Chain Case Study
Authors: Cohen Tal , Peak Russell S. , Fulton Robert E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces a change management case study using Product Data-Driven Analysis scenarios from TIGER [TIGER, 97] — a supply chain case study — and an associated mapping to a STEP data model, a standard format product data model terminology. The case study describes supply chain scenarios that involve prime with contractors, subcontractors and consulting entities. The core activity within these scenarios is an engineering analysis of Printed Wiring Boards (PWB) with a focus on modeling product analysis data. Analysis of PWB can involve an iterative process that translates to changes to the product data. Application protocol 208 [STEP, Part 208/CD] is an underdeveloped part of the STEP standard and deals with product life cycle and change management. These changes are incorporated into the case study scenarios and the capability of AP 208 to capture them is evaluated.
UML-Based Mapping of the Product Structure Data Between CAD and PDM Systems
Authors: Oh Youchon , Han Soon-Hung , Lee Seung-Kuh , Shin SooHyun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Product data exchange between heterogeneous CAD/CAM/PDM systems is an issue for the integration of production systems. STEP offers a mechanism of product data exchange between heterogeneous systems. This paper introduces a UML-based mapping methodology for the product data exchange. The suggested mapping methodology has been applied to two different mappings. One is a mapping for the data exchange between a CAD and a PDM system. The other is the STEP to XML mapping for the information communication on the Internet.
Decentralized Control of a Tower Crane
Authors: Takagi Kiyoshi , Nishimura Hidekazu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with modeling and control of a crane mounted on a tower-like flexible structure. A fast transfer of the load causes the sway of the load rope and the vibration of the flexible structure. Our object is to control both the sway and the vibration by the inherent capability of the tower crane. This paper makes its three-dimensional models for simulation and reduced-order-model in order to design the decentralized control system. Then, we design the decentralized H∞ compensator and verify the efficiency by simulations and experiments.
Liquid Dynamic Absorbers for Ropeway Carriers and Ships
Authors: Matsuhisa Hiroshi , Honda Yoshihisa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
After Matsuhisa proved that the wind-induced swing of ropeway carriers could be reduced by dynamic absorbers in 1993, many absorbers have been installed in ropeway carriers. In the actual use of dynamic absorbers composed of a steel moving mass on a arc-shaped track, the tunings of natural frequency and damping coefficient are not easy. Liquid-type dynamic vibration absorbers have advantages of ease of tuning the natural frequency and the damping coefficient.
In this study, dynamic absorbers composed of liquid (water or viscous liquid) in V-shaped or U-shaped pipes were investigated. The natural frequency can be easily adjusted by the amount of water. The damping coefficient can be adjusted by nozzles at the terminals of pipe, an orifice or a net in liquid and by the viscosity of liquid. The reduction of rolling of gondola lifts, ships and cable suspension bridges by the liquid dynamic absorbers were investigated theoretically. The formula to predict the effectiveness of the absorber was derived. The relationship between the effectiveness of the absorber and its location and shape was discussed. The experimental investigations on the swing of pendulum, the roll of ships and flutter of cable suspension bridges were carried out by means of small models. It was found that the absorbers could reduce the rolling very well and it would be possible to install to the real gondolas, ships and cable suspension bridges.
Estimation of Frequency Response Function on Rotational Degrees of Freedom of Structures
Authors: Hosoya Naoki , Yoshimura Takuya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In conventional vibration testing, measurement of frequency response function (FRF) has been limited to translational degrees of freedom (DOF). Rotational DOFs have not been treated in experimental analysis. However, the rotational DOF is indispensable in further analysis, such as substructure synthesis, prediction of structural dynamics modification, etc. Hence, measurement of FRFs on rotational DOF is essential for expanding applicability of experimental modal analysis. This paper proposes a new method for FRF estimation on rotational DOF of structures. The following is the estimation procedure: A rigid block is fixed on the measurement point of the structure; the block is excited by conventional impact hammer; the inner force and the response of the connection point including rotational DOFs are estimated; and lastly, the FRF including rotational DOF at the connection point of the structure is obtained. The feasibility of the method is investigated experimentally by applying it to a beam structure.
Analysis of Noncontact Conveyance Using Manipulator and Permanent Magnet
Authors: Oka Koichi , Higuchi Toshiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It is known that a magnetic suspension system can be made with a permanent magnet and a linear actuator. The linear actuator is used to control the air gap and makes a suspension system stable. By the application of this suspension mechanism, we can develop the robot manipulator with the function of noncontact conveyance using a permanent magnet. The object carrying capability and system stabilization are combined. Noncontact conveyance may be useful for clean or vacuum environments.
This paper describes analysis when a manipulator picks, carries, and places an object without mechanical contact. First, the principle of the suspension mechanism and the concept of the noncontact conveyance are explained. An experimental manipulator system which has two degrees of freedom of movement is introduced. This system is theoretically analyzed providing information necessary to suspend the object without contact. Control schemes of the states of picking, carrying, and placing are proposed, and an experimental result of noncontact conveyance is shown. Control parameters of states of picking and placing arc analyzed by numerical simulation, and it is shown that there exist optimal parameters.
Control of a Suspended Load Using Inertia Rotors
Authors: Yoshida Yasuo , Yajima Miyoka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rotational control and swing suppression of a crane suspended load model are studied. A rotational free rigid body suspended by a single rope is controlled using three inertia rotors. Control angles and angular velocities are derived from measured data of fiber optic gyros installed on the suspended load. Rotor angular velocities controlling the suspended load are obtained by integrating the computed regulator control feedback accelerations based on the coupling system’s dynamics. Experiments and simulations investigate simultaneous control of the load’s rotational orientation and swing suppression.
Vibration Reduction and Isolation Using on-Off Control at Spring Support Joint: Application to Multi-Degrees-of-Freedom System
Authors: Yamaguchi Hideya , Yashima Masahito , Yoshikawa Takao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to achieve vibration isolation and reduction for a multi-degrees-of-freedom system, this paper develops the on-off control that has been proposed on the single-degree-of-freedom system by the authors. The method introduces an additional spring and mass system, and the additional mass is designed to control the clamping friction force by the friction joint switching mechanism. The non-linear control law for the single-degree-of-freedom system is applied to a multi-degrees-of-freedom system by incorporating the idea of the independent modal space control (IMSC) method. Numerical simulations and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Semi-Active Base Isolation for a Building Structure
Authors: Yoshida Kazuo , Fujio Tadahiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Semi-active control methods, where coefficient of viscous damping or spring constant are changed effectively according to the state of control object, have received much attention from control performance and energy consumption. This study deals with the application of semi-active control method to base isolation control. Semi-active damper is classified into a bilinear system which belongs to a nonlinear system. The bilinear optimal control theory using feedforward control of disturbance is applied to a base isolation control problem of building structure. The variable damper used in this study is a discrete type of coefficient and it takes delay to switch the coefficient. By taking account of these characteristics, the control performance is investigated in the numerical calculation. As a result, it was shown that the method has high control performance in a wide frequency range, and it is effective for the vibration base isolation of building structures.