bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of In-situ Transesterification Process for Biodiesel Production from High Free Fatty Acid Feedstock by Semi-continuous Column Reactor
Authors: Tongcumpou Chantra , Tuntiwiwattanapun Nattapong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An in-situ transesterification (in-situ TE) process can reduce the multiple steps of biodiesel production by merging vegetable oil extraction and biodiesel synthesis into a single step. However, high free fatty acid, generally found in waste feedstock, dramatically reduce both yield and quality of biodiesel. In this work the new concept of a semi-continuous column reactor was introduced to mitigate the negative effect of high free fatty acid found in spent coffee grounds (SCGs). The potassium methoxide solution, as reactive solvent, was pumped through the series of column reactors. At the beginning of process free fatty acid in SCGs was promptly extracted in form of soap as a pretreatment fraction. Then, the residual mono-, di- and triglyceride in SCGs matrix were covert to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel and simultaneously extracted. A liquid fraction analysis was conducted to distinguish the pretreatment fraction from biodiesel. A central composited rotatable design was applied to determine optimal process conditions of potassium methoxide concentration and solid retention time at 30°C. Under the optimal conditions, up to 88% FAME yield was observed. The residual triglyceride in defatted SCGs was less than 1.5%mass. Compared to batch reactor type, the semi-continuous column reactor used only half of the required methanol for in-situ TE by recirculating the reagent in the series of reactors. This could dramatically reduce the energy usage and environmental impact of FAME production from high free fatty acid feedstock via in-situ TE.
Label-free Functional and Structural Imaging of Liver Microvascular Complex in Mice by Jones Matrix Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Mukherjee Pradipta , Miyazawa Arata , Fukuda Shinichi , Yamashita Toshiharu , Lukmanto Donny , Okada Kosuke , El-Sadek Ibrahim Abd , Zhu Lida , Makita Shuichi , Oshika Tetsuro , Yasuno Yoshiaki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate label-free imaging of the functional and structural properties of microvascular complex in mice liver. The imaging was performed by a custom-built Jones-matrix based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (JM-OCT), which is capable of measuring tissue’s attenuation coefficient, birefringence, and tiny tissue dynamics. Two longitudinal studies comprising a healthy liver and an early fibrotic liver model were performed. In the healthy liver, we observed distinctive high dynamics beneath the vessel at the initial time point (0 hour) and reappearance of high dynamics at 32-hour time point. In the early fibrotic liver model, we observed high dynamics signal that reveals a clear network vascular structure by volume rendering. Longitudinal time-course imaging showed that these high dynamics signals faded and decreased over time.
Discrepancy of Karyotype and CMA/NGS in a PGD Patient With Cryptical Complex Chromosomal Rearrangement
Authors: Wang Ting , Zhong Yinhuan , Li Xianzheng , Chen Hanbiao , Lu Jian , Huang Weiwei , Chen Chuangqi , Guo Li 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introductions: Complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) is a structural rearrangement involving more than two breakpoints. CCR carriers are at high risk for phenotypic abnormalities or reproductive failure, such as chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses and infertility. In this study, we presented a carriers with chromosome (3,18) balanced translocation, whose fetus had duplications in chromosome 3 and deletions in chromosome 10 demonstrated by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA).By revealing the cryptical translocation, we aimed to provide CCR carriers with more accurate risk assessment of abnormal pregnancy and better assisted reproduction with CMA and next generation sequencing(NGS).Results: By using the high resolution of GTG-banding technology, a cryptical translocation in chromosome 10 was found and the karyotype of the carrier was revised as 46,XY,t(3;10;18) (p26.3;q26.1;q21.1).In the cycle of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD),21 oocytes were retrieved, and 15 were fertilized. At last 7 embryos were biospied and sent to diagnosis by next generation sequencing(NGS).Unfortunately, none of the NGS results from the 7 biopsy embryos were normal. Combining previous literature and our results, we assessed the odds of a balanced embryo in a CCR carrier to be about 9.3%(28/302).The transferable embryo rate was approximately 71.4%(20/28) and healthy live born delivery rate was 55%(11/20).Conclusions: NGS and CMA featured high automation, relatively low cost, high throughput, and high repeatability, which made them commonly used during prenatal diagnosis and PGD. The multiple technology combination can provide more accurate diagnosis and better fertility services for CCR patients.
Effects of Social Inclusion and Exclusion in Obesity Surgery Patients: Emotional and Eating Changes after Cyberball Tasks
Authors: Meneguzzo Paolo , Tenconi Elena , Collantoni Enrico , Longobardi Gloria , Zappalà Adele , Vindigni Vincenzo , Favaro Angela , Pavan Chiara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Social cognition and temperamental and interpretative styles play a significant role in the outcome of bariatric surgery. This study aims to assess how obesity surgery patients evaluate social inclusion and exclusion through a ball-tossing game called Cyberball and examine the influence of early maladaptive schemas on evaluative skills. MethodsThirty-four patients with a history of bariatric interventions for severe obesity and 44 controls were recruited for this study. A psychological evaluation was performed before and after the Cyberball task. ResultsIn the ostracism condition, significant differences were seen across all the patients' fundamental psychological needs with less perceived ostracization (p = 0.001) even if they recognized less interaction via fewer ball tosses. Moreover, the ostracism paradigm resulted in patients experiencing a higher urge to binge (p = 0.010) and a higher urge to restrain (p = 0.012) than controls. The emotional evaluation led to a modification of the participants feelings in both patients and controls after inclusion or exclusion, but especially after being excluded. As evidenced by the schema domains, the study found a connection between impaired limits-schema domain and the drive to binge.ConclusionThe results show how, after bariatric surgery, obese patients cannot differentiate between social inclusion and exclusion and are detached from social interactions. This cognitive style could be reinforced by particular early-maladaptive schemas that could be considered specific therapeutic targets for improving specific interpersonal skills in future research.Level of evidence: Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
Influence of B-Site Gd+3 Substitution on Various Properties of Co-Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Salgaonkar Manoj , Gad R. S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The effect of rare earth (Gd+ 3) substitution on various properties of nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite material with composition CoFe2 − xGdxO (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0,08, 0.1) prepared using combustion method was investigated. The alterations produced in the structural parameters of the spinel lattice of cobalt ferrite were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The structural parameter such as Lattice constant, mass density, strain, and crystallite size showed irregular variation triggered due to Rare earth inclusion. The chemical composition analysis was done using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Morphological investigations were done using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The dependence of A.C. susceptibility and other crucial magnetic properties on rare earth content in the ferrite matrix was also investigated. The temperature dependence of electrical properties such as DC resistivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss was also investigated to study the alterations caused due to incorporation of rare earth ions.
Identification of an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Long Non-coding RNA Prognostic Signature for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Shenglan , Li Dan , Zhuang LingLing , Zhang Jian , Wu Jianbing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with poor prognosis. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for cancer progression and associates with a worse prognosis. Thus, we aimed to construct an EMT-related lncRNAs signature for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.Methods: We built an EMT-related lncRNA risk signature in the training set by using Cox regression and LASSO regression based on TCGA database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to compare the overall survival (OS) in different risk groups. Cox regression was performed to explore whether the signature could be used as an independent factor. A nomogram was built involving the risk score and clinicopathological features. Furthermore, we explored the biological functions and immune states in two groups.Results: 12 EMT-related lncRNAs were obtained for constructing the prognosis model in HCC. The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that patients in the high-risk group had worse survival than low-risk group. Time-dependent ROC and Cox regression analyses suggested that the signature could predict HCC survival exactly and independently. The prognostic value of the risk model was confirmed in the validation group. The nomogram was built and could accurately predict survival of HCC patients. GSEA results showed that in high-risk group cancer-related pathways were enriched, and exhibited more cell division activity suggested by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis.Conclusions: We established a novel EMT-related prognostic risk signature including 12 lncRNAs and constructed a nomogram to predict the prognosis in HCC patients, which may improve prognostic predictive accuracy for HCC patients and guide the individualized treatment methods for the patients with HCC.
Normal Values of MAPSE and TAPSE in the Paediatric Population Established by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Puricelli Filippo , Gati Sabiha , Banya Winston , Daubeney Piers EF , Pennell Dudley J , Voges Inga , Krupickova Sylvia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
not applicable, this is Letter to Editor
Enhanced Nutrient Uptake in Side-Row Maize and Improved Microbial Community Diversity in Wide-Strip Intercropping of Maize and Peanut
Authors: Zhao Xinhua , Dong Qiqi , Han Yi , Zhang Kezhao , Shi Xiaolong , Yang Xu , Yuan Yang , Zhou Dongying , Wang Kai , Wang Xiaoguang , Jiang Chunji , Liu Xibo , Zhang He , Zhang Zhimeng , Yu Haiqiu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Intercropping, a diversified planting pattern is currently the subject of major global research, but uncertainty remains about the rhizosphere interaction of intercropped maize and peanut, which increases nitrogen uptake. We explored the changes in soil physicochemical properties, nutrient uptake and use, and microbial community structure in wide-strip intercropped maize and peanut. Results: The results from three treatments, sole maize (SM), sole peanut (SP) and intercropping of maize and peanut (IMP), showed that intercropping maize (IM) had a marginal advantage and that the nutrient content of roots, stems and grains in side-row maize was better than that of middle intercropping maize (MIM) and SM. And the yield of intercropped maize was higher than sole cropping. Compared with SM and SP, the soil nitrogen content (TN) in IM and intercropping peanut (IP) was lower and increased the soil enzyme activities of nitrate reeducates (NR) and peroxidase (POD), showing a significant negative correlation with soil TN. And decreased the soil enzymes activities of Pro and DHO, showing a positively correlation with soil TN. The diversity and richness of bacteria and fungi was decreased in IM rhizosphere soil, however, that richness of fungi was increased in IP rhizosphere soil. The RB41, Candidatus-udaeobacter, Stropharia, Fusarium and Penicillium were correlated with soil enzyme activity. In addition, intercropping enriched the functional diversity of bacterial community and reduced the pathogenic fungi. Conclusion: IMP changed the rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal community structure and composition, enriched nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the IP rhizosphere soil, promoted the nitrogen content of IM and provided a scientific basis for promoting IMP in northeastern China.
Postoperative morbidity after liver resection- A Systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression of factors affecting them.
Authors: Vasavada Bhavin , Patel Hardik 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim of the study: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyse post-operative morbidity after liver resection, and also study various factors associated with mortality via metaregression analysis.Material and Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, google scholar, web of science with keywords like ‘liver resection”; ”mortality”;” hepatectomy”. Weighted percentage post-operative morbidities were analysed. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were done by the DerSimonian-Liard random effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Higgins I2 test. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. Funnel plot asymmetry was evaluated by Egger’s test. Morbidity was defined as any postoperative morbidity mentioned.Results: A total of 46 studies was included in the final analysis. Total 45771 patients underwent liver resections. 16111 patients experienced complications during the postoperative period. Weighted post-operative morbidity was 30.2% ( 95 % C.I. 24.8-35.7%). Heterogeneity was high with I2 99.46% and p-value <0.01. On univariate analysis, major liver resections were significantly associated with heterogeneity. (p=0.024). However, residual heterogeneity was still high with I2 98.62%, p<0.001. So, multifactor metaregression analysis major hepatectomy (p<0.001), Open hepatectomy (p=0.001), cirrhotic liver (p=0.002), age (p<0.001), blood loss (p<0.001), and colorectal metastasis (p<0.001) independently associated with postoperative morbidity. Residual heterogeneity was moderate I2= 39.9% and nonsignificant p=0.189.Conclusion: Liver resection is associated with high postoperative morbidity and various factors like major hepatectomy, Open hepatectomy, cirrhotic liver, blood loss, and colorectal metastasis were associated with morbidity and responsible for heterogeneity across the studies.
A Toolkit for Haptic Force Feedback in a Telerobotic Ultrasound System
Authors: Fotouhi Reza , Semnani Atieh Najafi , Zhang QianWei , Adams Scott J. , Obaid Haron 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective

To develop a collision engine (haptic force feedback simulator) compatible with a 5-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) haptic wand. This has broad applications such as for telerobotic ultrasound systems. Integrating force feedback into systems is critical to optimize remote scanning. A collision engine compatible with a 5-DOF haptic wand was developed based on the Gilbert–Johnson–Keerthi algorithm. The collision engine calculated force during collision between the wand and a virtual object based on code developed using MATLAB. A proportional force was subsequently returned to a user via the haptic wand, thereby simulating the collision force for the user. Three experiments were conducted to assess the accuracy of the collision engine on curved and flat surfaces.
Results

The average errors in calculation of distances between the wand and virtual object were 2.1 cm, 3.4 cm, and 4.2 cm for the model of the human hand, cylinder, and cuboid, respectively. The collision engine accurately simulated forces on a flat surface, though was less accurate on curved surfaces. Future work will incorporate haptic force feedback into a telerobotic ultrasound system. The haptic force simulator presented here may also be used in the development of ultrasound simulators for training and education.
Authentication of a novel antibody to zebrafish collagen type XI alpha 1 chain (Col11a1a)
Authors: Reeck Jonathon , Hardy Makenna Jaimason , Pu Xinzhu , Keller-Peck Cynthia , Oxford Julia Thom 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective

Extracellular matrix proteins play important roles in embryonic development and antibodies that specifically detect these proteins are essential to understanding their function. The zebrafish embryo is a popular model for vertebrate development but suffers from a dearth of authenticated antibody reagents for research. Here, we describe a novel antibody designed to detect the minor fibrillar collagen chain Col11a1a in zebrafish (AB strain).
Results

The Col11a1a antibody was raised in rabbit against a peptide comprising a unique sequence within the zebrafish Col11a1a gene product. The antibody was affinity-purified and characterized by ELISA. The antibody is effective for immunoblot and immunohistochemistry applications. Protein bands identified by immunoblot were confirmed by mass spectrometry and sensitivity to collagenase. Col11a1a knockout zebrafish were used to confirm specificity of the antibody. The Col11a1a antibody labeled cartilaginous structures within the developing jaw, consistent with previously characterized Coll11a1 antibodies in other species. Col11a1a within formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded zebrafish were recognized by the antibody. The antibodies and the approaches described here will help to address the lack of well-defined antibody reagents in zebrafish research.
Sensitivity and Specificity of a Short Scale for Assessing Psychological Violence in Peruvian Health Professionals
Authors: Tueros Luis Fidel Abregú , Rosa Roger dos Santos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: Psychological violence at work is becoming more acute in the health sector due to the precariousness of psychosocial work conditions at a global scale. To date, there have been no psychometric studies to classify this situation. The objective of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the psychological violence scale in health professionals (PVS-Health) among the Peruvian population.Results: The study included 188 professionals from ten care centres in Peru. Two groups of 94 subjects were formed: subjects who had experienced psychological violence at work (PVW) and subjects who had not experienced. The average age was 36.8 ± 10.5 years; 59% of the sample were women. The subjects’ work experience ranged between 1 to 35 years. The analysis based on the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve concludes significantly: a) area under the curve, AUC x 0.974; standard error, SE x 0.10; p < 0.0003 (95% CI – 0.954 – 0.994), showing adequate randomness; b) cut-off point for maximum sensitivity (S x 0.94) and specificity (E x 0.89) was 35 out of 73 as the maximum score; and c) PVS-Health effectively distinguish subjects with PVW from those without PVW (89% with PVW, 94% of those without).
DFT predictions and experimental confirmation of mechanical behaviour and thermal properties of the Ga-bilayer Mo2Ga2C
Authors: Qi Xinxin , Yin Weilong , Jin Sen , Zhou Aiguo , He Xiaodong , Song Guangping , Zheng Yongting , Bai Yuelei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mo2Ga2C is a new MAX phase with a stacking Ga bilayer as well as possible unusual properties. To understand this unique MAX-phase structure and promote possible future applications, the structure, chemical bonding, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Mo2Ga2C were investigated by first principles. Using the "bond stiffness" model, the strongest covalent bonding (1162 GPa) were formed between Mo and C atoms in Mo2Ga2C, while the weakest Ga-Ga (389 GPa) bonding were formed between two Ga-atomic layers, different from other typical MAX phases. Of interest, the ratio of the bond stiffness of the weakest bond to the strongest bond (0.33) was lower than 1/2, indicating the high damage tolerance and fracture toughness of Mo2Ga2C, which was confirmed by indentation without any cracks. The high-temperature heat capacity and thermal expansion of Mo2Ga2C were calculated in the framework of quasi-harmonic approximation from 0 K to 2000 K. Because of the metal-like electronic structure, the electronic excitation contribution became more significant with increasing temperature above 300 K.
Thermal Insulation Properties of Hollow Y2O3:Eu Spheres Laminated with Er2O3
Authors: Dan YanXin , Nakamura Atsushi , Saitoh Hidetoshi , Li Hua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Currently, hollow sphere insulating materials are of importance for applications such as energy storage and savings and cryogenic engineering. The structures are formed by single hollow spheres, which can be joined, for example, by sintering. In this study, a 15 wt% Er-EDTA complex aqueous solution in which hollow Y2O3 spheres were mixed was used as the deposition body, and pencil spraying and sintering (PSS) was used to synthesize an Er2O3 hollow Y2O3 sphere composite film on a polished Si substrate. The structure of the composite film was successfully controlled by adjusting the 15 wt% Er-EDTA solution/hollow Y2O3 sphere mass ratio and the jet-to-substrate distance in the PSS process. In addition, the thermal insulation capability of the films was evaluated by the thermal steady-state method. The results show that the Er2O3/hollow Y2O3:Eu sphere composite films have a higher thermal insulation capability at a jet-to-substrate distance of 150 mm and a mass ratio (g) of 3.5:1. For the composite films with thicknesses of 38–92 µm, cross-sectional hollow ratio of 0.8–8.7% and void ratio of 6.3–13.1%, the temperature drop due to the porous (including hollow spheres and voids) structure films at 440°C is ΔTf =47°C. This is mainly associated with the film having more complicated microstructures. Therefore, the Er2O3/Y2O3:Eu composite film has good thermal insulation performance, and a simple preparation method for many kinds of hollow sphere films with complex structures and high porosities by using complex solutions with different compositions is provided.
Morphological predictors for microsatellite instability in urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Reig Eduardo Sobrino , Sobrino-Reig Eduardo , Meizoso Telma , García Jesús , Varillas-Delgado David , Martin Yasmina B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
IntroductionMicrosatellite instability occurs due to a series of mutations in the DNA pairing error repair (Mismatch repair; MMR) genes, which can affect germ cells as occurs in Lynch syndrome, whose patients are at high risk of developing multiple cancers. The loss of MMR protein is commonly determined by immunohistochemical studies. Although the relation between microsatellite instability and urothelial carcinomas has been widely studied, its evaluation is not currently performed in the analysis of urothelial carcinomas.Methods In this study, the microsatellite status of 139 urothelial carcinomas was analyzed and their clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. We identified that 10.3% (13 patients) of urothelial carcinomas had loss of MMR protein expression (9 MLH1; 5 MSH2; 2 PMS2; 2 PSH6; n = 139). ResultsResults suggest that these tumors occur more frequently in males, are more frequently located in the bladder or ureters, and present a high tumor grade with a papillary histological pattern that does not infiltrate the lamina propria or, in the case of infiltrating tumors, that grows into perivesical tissues.ConclusionsWe identified patients with the aforementioned tumor characteristics as patients with a high probability of presenting microsatellite instability, and consider that only these patients should undergo further immunohistochemical and molecular techniques for proper diagnosis. Therefore, we propose that the clinicopathological characteristics found in the present study could become possible markers to determine which cases should undergo additional tests.