bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of central and peripheral cone- and rod-specific stimulation on the pupillary light reflex
Authors: Sonntag Anton , Kelbsch Carina , Jung Ronja , Wilhelm Helmut , Strasser Torsten , Peters Tobias , Stingl Krunoslav , Wilhelm Barbara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the effect of central and peripheral stimulation on the pupillary light reflex. The aim was to detect possible differences between cone- and rod-driven reactions.

Methods
Relative maximal pupil constriction amplitude (relMCA) and latency to constriction onset (latency) to cone- and rod-specific stimuli of 30 healthy participants (24 ± 5 years (standard deviation)) were measured using chromatic pupil campimetry. Cone- and rod-specific stimuli had different intensities and wavelengths according to the Standards in Pupillography. Five filled circles with radii of 3°, 5°, 10°, 20° and 40° and four rings with a constant outer radius of 40° and inner radii of 3°, 5°, 10° and 20° were used as stimuli.

Results
For cone-and rod-specific stimuli, relMCA increased with the stimulus area for both, circles and rings. However, increasing the area of a cone-specific ring by minimizing its inner radius with constant outer radius increased relMCA significantly stronger than the same did for a rod-specific ring. For cones and rods, a circle stimulus with a radius of 40° created a lower relMCA than the summation of the relMCAs to the corresponding ring and circle stimuli which combined create a 40° circle-stimulus. Latency was longer for rods than for cones. It decreased with increasing stimulus area for circle stimuli while it stayed nearly constant with increasing ring stimulus area for cone- and rod-specific stimuli.

Conclusion
The effect of central stimulation on relMCA is more dominant for cone-specific stimuli than for rod-specific stimuli while latency dynamics are similar for both conditions.
$${\mathcal {N}}=1$$ super topological recursion
Authors: Bouchard Vincent , Osuga Kento 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe introduce the notion of $${\mathcal {N}}=1$$

N
=
1

abstract super loop equations and provide two equivalent ways of solving them. The first approach is a recursive formalism that can be thought of as a supersymmetric generalization of the Eynard–Orantin topological recursion, based on the geometry of a local super spectral curve. The second approach is based on the framework of super Airy structures. The resulting recursive formalism can be applied to compute correlation functions for a variety of examples related to 2d supergravity.
Transdisziplinäre Forschung in der Gesundheitsförderung bei Studierenden – ein systematisches Review
Authors: Gürster Antonia , Helten Jessica , Tittlbach Susanne 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Studienalltag ist durch Bewegungsmangel und hohe Sitzzeiten gekennzeichnet, was sich negativ auf die Gesundheit auswirkt. Die Implementierung von nachhaltigen Programmen zur Bewegungsförderung an Hochschulen gewinnt somit an Bedeutung. Es mehren sich wissenschaftliche Hinweise, dass Interventionen dann erfolgreich sind, wenn transdisziplinäre Methoden angewendet werden.

Fragestellung
Der Beitrag untersucht, welche Rolle transdisziplinäre Methoden bei der Entwicklung und Implementierung von gesundheitsfördernden Interventionen im Setting Hochschule bei Studierenden spielen und wie diese nachhaltig umgesetzt werden können.

Methodik
Es wurde ein systematisches Literaturreview deutsch- und englischsprachiger Studien durchgeführt. Entscheidend war, dass die Studien transdisziplinäre Interventionsansätze aufweisen sowie das Bewegungs- und Sitzverhalten von Studierenden berücksichtigen.

Ergebnisse
Von den 1211 identifizierten Datensätzen erfüllen 10 Studien die Auswahlkriterien. 3 Studien zielen auf eine Bewegungsförderung oder Sitzzeitreduktion ab, während 7 Studien allgemeine Gesundheitsförderung anstreben, bei der bewegungsfördernde Maßnahmen im Vordergrund stehen. Die Interventionstechniken sind Partizipation und Empowerment (n = 10), kooperative Planung (n = 8), interaktiver Wissensaustausch (n = 8) und Kapazitätsaufbau (n = 8).

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Anwendung von transdisziplinären Methoden zu mehr Akzeptanz und einer nachhaltigeren Etablierung führt. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um die Wirksamkeit von Interventionen unter Anwendung transdisziplinärer Methoden zu erforschen. Für transdisziplinäre Studien zur Verringerung des sitzenden Verhaltens von Studierenden besteht weiterer Forschungsbedarf.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Ductile Al–Ti–Mo–Nb–V Refractory High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Cieślak Grzegorz , Dąbrowa Juliusz , Jawańska Monika , Parzuchowska Agnieszka , Oleszak Dariusz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A number of non-equimolar refractory high entropy alloys (RF HEAs) from the Al–Ti–Mo–Nb–V system are synthesized, with the selected compositions aimed to balance the conflicting requirements of the low-temperature ductility and high-temperature corrosion protection. Based on the thermodynamic modeling and experimental results, all the obtained alloys are characterized by the single-phase B2 structure with V acting as the main phase stabilizer. The microstructure and mechanical properties appear to be controlled mainly by the Al content, which is
especially visible on the example of hardness, with a maximum value of 545 HV for Al20Ti5Mo25Nb25V25 composition. For the selected Al20Ti5Mo25Nb25V25 and Al10Ti30Mo20Nb20V20 alloys, the measured stress–strain curves indicate the highly coveted, ductile room temperature behavior, with the values of ultimate strain measured under compression mode being 9.17 and 9.00 pct, respectively, and compressive fracture strain of 13.38 and 13.25 pct, respectively. The obtained results suggest that it is possible to include Al as a vital component of refractory HEAs without compromising their low-temperature ductility. The next intended step will be the characterization of the high-temperature corrosion behavior in order to investigate the potential selective oxidation capabilities of such materials.
The Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Marfan Syndrome: Diagnosis, Impact, and Management
Authors: Pollock Lily , Ridout Ashley , Teh James , Nnadi Colin , Stavroulias Dionisios , Pitcher Alex , Blair Edward , Wordsworth Paul , Vincent Tonia L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant heritable disorder of fibrillin-1 (FBN1) with predominantly ocular, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal manifestations that has a population prevalence of approximately 1 in 5–10,000 (Chiu et al. Mayo Clin Proc. 89(1):34–42, 146, Dietz 3, Loeys et al. J Med Genet. 47(7):476–85, 4).

Recent Findings
The vascular complications of MFS still pose the greatest threat, but effective management options, such as regular cardiac monitoring and elective surgical intervention, have reduced the risk of life-threatening cardiovascular events, such as aortic dissection. Although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality remains high, these improvements in cardiovascular management have extended the life expectancy of those with MFS by perhaps 30–50 years from an estimated mean of 32 years in 1972 (Dietz 3, Gott et al. Eur J Cardio-thoracic Surg. 10(3):149–58, 147, Murdoch et al. N Engl J Med. 286(15):804–8, 148). The musculoskeletal manifestations of MFS, which to date have received less attention, can also have a significant impact on the quality of life and are likely to become more important as the age of the Marfan syndrome population increases (Hasan et al. Int J Clin Pract. 61(8):1308–1320, 127). In addition, musculoskeletal manifestations are often critically important in the diagnosis of MFS.

Summary
Here, we review the main clinically relevant and diagnostically useful musculoskeletal features of MFS, which together contribute to the “systemic features score” (referred to hereafter as systemic score), part of the revised Ghent nosology for MFS. We discuss current treatment strategies and highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management. Finally, we review new pharmacological approaches that may be disease modifying and could help to improve the outcome for individuals with this syndrome.
Intercellular Propagation and Aggregate Seeding of Mutant Ataxin-1
Authors: Huang Haoyang , Toker Nicholas , Burr Eliza , Okoro Jeff , Moog Maia , Hearing Casey , Lagalwar Sarita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntercellular propagation of aggregated protein inclusions along actin-based tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) has been reported as a means of pathogenic spread in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases. Propagation of oligomeric-structured polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-1 (Atxn1[154Q]) has been reported in the cerebellum of a Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) knock-in mouse to correlate with disease propagation. In this study, we investigated whether a physiologically relevant polyglutamine-expanded ATXN1 protein (ATXN1[82Q]) could propagate intercellularly. Using a cerebellar-derived live cell model, we observed ATXN1 aggregates form in the nucleus, subsequently form in the cytoplasm, and finally, propagate to neighboring cells along actin-based intercellular connections. Additionally, we observed the facilitation of aggregate-resistant proteins into aggregates given the presence of aggregation-prone proteins within cells. Taken together, our results support a pathogenic role of intercellular propagation of polyglutamine-expanded ATXN1 inclusions.
Potential Utility of Adjunct Imaging with Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography for Gross and Microscopic Evaluation of Breast Specimens in Real-Time in the Operating Suite
Authors: DuPree Beth B. , Papez Michael J. , Pirruccello Elaina , Hassenflug Audrey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne challenge in the surgical management of breast cancer is maximizing the preservation of healthy tissue while achieving acceptable negative margins. Tools capable of assessing disease-margin involvement intraoperatively and in real-time could provide clinically useful guidance regarding the adequacy of margin resection before the surgery is over. Here we report the intraoperative use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 3 patients with DCIS. In all 3 cases, additional lesions identified by OCT during surgery were also noted in histopathology reports 3 to 5 days post-surgery, suggesting that intraoperative use of OCT is a valuable tool for margin determination in real-time.
Twitter as a Medical Media Among French Young Oncologists: Results from a National Survey
Authors: Roulleaux Dugage Matthieu , Naoun Natacha , Bommier Côme , Michalet Morgan , Loriot Yohann , Blanchard Pierre , Hilmi Marc , Soria Jean-Charles 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince its launch in 2006, Twitter has become a commonly used platform for sharing medical information, especially in the field of oncology. However, its role and impact on young oncologists’ education remain unclear. Moreover, COVID-19 and congress virtualization is likely to have modified Twitter use by the medical society.We conducted a national survey (27 questions) in France among medical oncology, hematology, and radiation therapy young doctors to help better understand the role played by Twitter on their medical education. One hundred eighty-three young oncologists participated in our survey. A majority does not use Twitter (72.1%), mostly to reduce their time spent on social media. Participants using Twitter (27.9%) often use it more than once a week, mostly by scrolling on their news feed. Interestingly, they rarely express their own opinion on Twitter: a majority of them (75.5%) tweet less than once a month while the rest of them mostly retweet others’ tweets. They mainly follow English-speaking experts, scientific societies, and medical journals. Pharmaceutical laboratories’ accounts are of less significance. Overall Twitter usage seems increasing since COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent digitalization of congresses. No statistical difference was observed between the baseline characteristics of Twitter users and non-users.This survey shows that Twitter is a relevant mean of continuous medical education used by around a third of French young oncologists, especially since COVID-19 pandemic and the virtualization of congresses. This media should be considered and evaluated for its educational advantages or potential biases.
Surface mapping, structural modelling and kinematics along the sinistral strike-slip fault zone, NE Potwar, Pakistan
Authors: Nouman Muhammad , Rehman Gohar , Yaseen Muhammad , Wahid Sohail , Safi Ibrahim , Ahmad Jawad , Van Hao Duong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis research was carried out to understand the nature of strike-slip Jhelum Fault zone and to propose a model for the surface to subsurface deformation pattern. Field data along with satellite images are used to construct the geological map. Moreover, the subsurface model has been proposed using the mechanism of dip-isogons in computer application which connects points of equal inclination or dip on the outer and inner bounding surfaces of a folded layers. The proposed geological map and subsurface model shows that the Jhelum Fault when propagated in the south from Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis forms a continuous shear zone on surface with some discontinuous exposure of splay faults rather than exposed as continuous discrete break. Likewise, the subsurface cross sections show that deformation along the fault zone is accumulated by splay faults from the main Jhelum Fault, which forms a positive flower structure with steep north-eastward dips, which is characteristics of strike-slip movement along Jhelum Fault Zone. The vertical stratigraphic throw along these faults shows small offsets and little east–west shortening, indicating that the major slip along the fault is strike slip.
Gefährdungsbeurteilung psychischer Belastung
Authors: Kersten Maren , Kozak Agnessa , Adler Mareike , Wohlert Claudia , Stamer Susanne , Gregersen Sabine 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Gefährdungsbeurteilung psychischer Belastung hat zum Ziel, die durch die Arbeit verbundenen Gefährdungen zu beurteilen, um Maßnahmen zur gesundheitsgerechten Gestaltung der Arbeit abzuleiten. Allerdings ist das Angebot an Verfahren für die Ermittlung der psychischen Belastung umfangreich und unübersichtlich. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird für das Sozial- und Gesundheitswesen ein reduzierter und strukturierter Überblick an Instrumenten vorgestellt.

Methode
Für die Identifizierung geeigneter Instrumente wurde eine umfangreiche Suche durchgeführt. Vor Recherchebeginn wurden Kriterien definiert, um die identifizierten Instrumente auf Eignung zu prüfen. Zum einen gab es Mindestanforderungen, die erfüllt sein mussten, damit das Instrument in den Review-Prozess aufgenommen wurde, und zum anderen Strukturierungskriterien, die sich in beschreibende und bewertende Aspekte unterteilten.

Ergebnisse
Die Recherche identifizierte insgesamt 83 Instrumente für die Gefährdungsbeurteilung psychischer Belastung (GBU Psyche); nach der ersten Sichtung wurden 58 von diesen zur weiteren Eignung im Review-Prozess übernommen. Abgeschlossen wurde das Gesamtreview bisher für 44 Verfahren aus der unsystematischen Suche. Davon wurden 19 Verfahren als geeignet eingestuft und in einer Übersichtsmatrix strukturiert dargestellt. Das Review für die 14 Verfahren aus der systematischen Recherche erfolgt voraussichtlich bis Mitte 2022 und ist Teil eines kontinuierlichen Review-Prozesses.

Diskussion
Die Vielzahl an identifizierten Verfahren für die GBU Psyche (Gefährdungsbeurteilung psychischer Belastung) zeigt deutlich die Sinnhaftigkeit und Relevanz, eine begrenzte, praxiserprobte sowie qualitätsgesicherte Auswahl an Instrumenten zu treffen. Die ebenfalls in diesem Artikel dargestellten Kriterien zur Bewertung der Instrumente, machen die getroffene Auswahl transparent.
Stability Mechanism of Laser-induced Fluorinated Super-hydrophobic Coating in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Li Haoyang , Tian Yanling , Yang Zhen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGreat attention has been focused on super-hydrophobic surfaces due to their fantastic applications. Fluoride chemicals are widely used to fabricate super-hydrophobic surfaces due to their convenience, simplicity, and high efficiency. Previous research has made extensively efforts on corrosion resistance of fluorinated super-hydrophobic surfaces in corrosive media. Nevertheless, rare papers focused on the underlying reasons of anticorrosion property and stability mechanism on the fluorinated super-hydrophobic coatings in alkaline solution. Therefore, this work aims to reveal these mechanisms of fluorinated super-hydrophobic copper samples in strong alkaline solution (pH 13). Through the characterization of surface wettability and surface morphology, the laser-induced super-hydrophobic surface retained excellent stability after soaking in alkaline solution for 4 h. Through measurement of chemical compositions, the anticorrosion mechanism and stability mechanism of the fluorinated super-hydrophobic surface were proposed. Importantly, the hydroxyl ion (OH−) can further promote the hydrolysis reaction to improve the density and bonding strength of the fluoride molecules. Finally, the electrochemical experiments (PDP and EIS tests) were conducted to validate the rationality of our proposed conclusions.
Explore the Approaches to Corporate Social Responsibility Implemented by E-Commerce Platforms in China During the Early Stage of COVID-19: A Mixed-Methods Content Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Jingyi , Lei Yongsen , Yan Tengjun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to explore (a) the approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR) implemented by e-commerce platforms in China during the early stage of coronavirus disease 2019 (ESCOVID-19) and (b) the factors associated with the platforms’ choice of these approaches.

Methods:
We collected the CSR data from the Internet during ESCOVID-19. Conventional content analysis was used to develop the targeted approaches. Finally, based on the frequency analysis of each approach, rank-based nonparametric testing was conducted to answer objective (b).

Results:
Three main approaches (ie, donative CSR actions, responsive CSR actions, and strategic CSR actions) and 8 subapproaches were implemented. The strategic approach was the most frequently used approach. The platforms with higher market size implemented more donative and strategic CSR actions than did the platforms with lower market size. Donative CSR actions were significantly implemented in the earlier period, while strategic CSR actions were significantly implemented in the later period.

Conclusions:
Our research highlights the importance of e-commerce platforms to help the public survive and identifies that market size and time were associated with the platforms’ CSR choice. The design of prevention and control policies should incorporate and support e-commerce platforms and evaluate the factors when confronting future public health crises.
Alveolar macrophages: novel therapeutic targets for respiratory diseases
Authors: Lim Pamelia N. , Cervantes Maritza M. , Pham Linh K. , Rothchild Alissa C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are lung-resident myeloid cells that sit at the interface of the airway and lung tissue. Under homeostatic conditions, their primary function is to clear debris, dead cells and excess surfactant from the airways. They also serve as innate pulmonary sentinels for respiratory pathogens and environmental airborne particles and as regulators of pulmonary inflammation. However, they have not typically been viewed as primary therapeutic targets for respiratory diseases. Here, we discuss the role of AMs in various lung diseases, explore the potential therapeutic strategies to target these innate cells and weigh the potential risks and challenges of such therapies. Additionally, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we examine the role AMs play in severe disease and the therapeutic strategies that have been harnessed to modulate their function and protect against severe lung damage. There are many novel approaches in development to target AMs, such as inhaled antibiotics, liposomal and microparticle delivery systems, and host-directed therapies, which have the potential to provide critical treatment to patients suffering from severe respiratory diseases, yet there is still much work to be done to fully understand the possible benefits and risks of such approaches.
Can stratification biomarkers address the heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder?
Authors: Molloy C. J. , Gallagher L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe search for biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (henceforth autism) has received a lot of attention due to their potential clinical relevance. The clinical and aetiological heterogeneity of autism suggests the presence of subgroups. The lack of identification of a valid diagnostic biomarker for autism, and the inconsistencies seen in studies assessing differences between autism and typically developing control groups, may be partially explained by the vast heterogeneity observed in autism. The focus now is to better understand the clinical and biological heterogeneity and identify stratification biomarkers, which are measures that describe subgroups of individuals with shared biology. Using stratification approaches to assess treatment within pre-defined subgroups could clarify who may benefit from different treatments and therapies, and ultimately lead to more effective individualised treatment plans.
Transoral endoscopic approach to upper cervical spine migrated foreign bodies
Authors: Png L H , Toh S T , Teo N W Y 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMigrated ingested foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract can lodge within vital organs and vessels, causing potentially devastating complications. It is often difficult to localise these foreign bodies, with extrication resulting in the requirement for open approaches which may cause significant morbidity.Case reportThis paper presents the case of an ingested migrated stingray bone lodged adjacent to the vertebral artery in the upper cervical spine. This was managed via an endoscopic transoral approach, with the assistance of an image-guidance system.ResultsSuccessful extraction of the foreign body was achieved, with minimal residual morbidity.ConclusionOur study showed that image-guided endoscopic surgery is a safe, precise and feasible option for the localisation and removal of migrated foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract involving critical neurovascular structures.