bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trait-based mechanistic approach highlights global patterns and losses of herbivore biomass functional diversity
Authors: Berzaghi Fabio , Zhu Dan , Alroy John , Ciais Philippe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMammalian herbivores strongly shape Earth system processes. A lack of global dynamic models of mammal populations limits our understanding of their ecological role at large scales and the consequences of their extinctions. We developed a mechanistic global model of terrestrial herbivore populations simulated with 37 functional groups defined by analyzing eco-physiological traits of all extant herbivores (n = 2599). We coupled this model with a global vegetation model to predict herbivores’ biomass maximum potential (pre-industrial) and at present. Natural ecosystems could have sustained a wild herbivore wet biomass of 330 Mt, comprised of 192 Mt by large (body mass > 5 kg) and 138 Mt by small species. Anthropogenic activity reduced large herbivores biomass by 57%, estimated now at 82 Mt; consequently, small herbivores now dominate global herbivore biomass with 98 Mt (-29%). Losses vary greatly across climatic zones and functional groups, suggesting that size is not the only discriminant feature of biomass decline. Actual evapotranspiration is the most important driver of total, large, and small herbivore biomass and explains 64%, 59%, and 49% of its variation, respectively. Energy and water dependency is high for large herbivores, whose biomass is greater in hot and wet areas, challenging the notion that large herbivore biomass peaks in savannas only. Outside Africa and the Tropics, potential-biomass hotspots occur in areas today dominated by humans; this could undermine the recovery of larger species in certain areas. These herbivore biomass estimates provide a quantitative benchmark for setting conservation and rewilding goals at large spatial scales. The herbivore model and functional classification create new opportunities to integrate mammals into Earth System science and models.
Neural network embedding of functional microconnectome
Authors: Shirakami Arata , Hase Takeshi , Yamaguchi Yuki , Shimono Masanori 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOur brain works as a complex network system. Experiential knowledge seems to be coded into the organism’s network architecture rather than retaining only properties of individual neurons.In order to be better able to consider the high complexity of this network architecture, extracting simple rules through both automated as well as interpretable analysis of topological patterns will be necessary in order to allow more useful observations of interrelationships within the complex neural architecture.By combining these two types of analysis methods, we could automatically compress and naturally interpret topological patterns of functional connectivities, which produced electrical activities from many neurons simultaneously from acute slices of mice brain for 2.5 hours [Kajiwara et al. 2021].As the first type of analysis, this study trained an artificial neural network system called Neural Network Embedding (NNE), and automatically compressed the functional connectivities into only small (25%) dimensions.As the second type of analysis, we widely compared the compressed features with ~15 representative network metrics, having clear interpretations, including > 5 centrality-type metrics and newly developed network metrics, that quantify degrees or ratio of hubs distanced by several-nodes from initially focused hubs.As the result, although we could give interpretations for only 55-60% of the extracted features, these new metrics, together with the commonly utilized network metrics, enabled interpretations for 80-100% features, using automated analysis.The result demonstrates not only the fact that the NNE method surpasses limitations of commonly used human-made variables, but also the possibility that acknowledgement of our own limitations drives us to extend interpretable possibilities by developing new analytic methodologies.
Nandrolone supplementation promotes AMPK activation and divergent18[FDG] PET brain connectivity in adult and aged mice
Authors: Strogulski N.S. , Kopczinski A , De Oliveira V.G. , Carteri R.B. , Hansel G , Venturin G.T. , Greggio S , DaCosta J.C. , De Bastiani M.A. , Rodolphi M.S. , Portela L.V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDecreased anabolic androgen levels are followed by impaired brain energy support and sensing with loss of neural connectivity during physiological aging, providing a neurobiological basis for hormone supplementation. Here, we investigated whether nandrolone decanoate (ND) administration mediates hypothalamic AMPK activation and glucose metabolism, thus affecting metabolic connectivity in brain areas of adult and aged mice. Metabolic interconnected brain areas of rodents can be detected by positron emission tomography using18FDG-mPET. Albino CF1 mice at 3 and 18 months of age were separated into 4 groups that received daily subcutaneous injections of either ND (15 mg/kg) or vehicle for 15 days. At thein vivobaseline and on the 14thday,18FDG-mPET analyses were performed. Hypothalamic pAMPKT172/AMPK protein levels were assessed, and basal mitochondrial respiratory states were evaluated in synaptosomes. A metabolic connectivity network between brain areas was estimated based on18FDG uptake. We found that ND increased the pAMPKT172/AMPK ratio in both adult and aged mice but induced18FDG uptake and mitochondrial basal respiration only in adult mice. Furthermore, ND triggered rearrangement in the metabolic connectivity of adult mice and aged mice compared to age-matched controls. Altogether, our findings suggest that ND promotes hypothalamic AMPK activation, and distinct glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity rearrangements in the brains of adult and aged mice.
Cortico-Subcortical Interactions in Overlapping Communities of Edge Functional Connectivity
Authors: Chumin Evgeny J , Faskowitz Joshua , Esfahlani Farnaz Zamani , Jo Youngheun , Merritt Haily , Tanner Jacob , Cutts Sarah A. , Pope Maria , Betzel Richard , Sporns Olaf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBoth cortical and subcortical regions can be functionally organized into networks. Regions of the basal ganglia are extensively interconnected with the cortex via reciprocal connections that relay and modulate cortical function. Here we employ an edge-centric approach, which computes co-fluctuations among region pairs in a network to investigate the role and interaction of subcortical regions with cortical systems. By clustering edges into communities, we show that cortical systems and subcortical regions couple via multiple edge communities, with hippocampus and amygdala having a distinct pattern from striatum and thalamus. We show that the edge community structure of cortical networks is highly similar to one obtained from cortical nodes when the subcortex is present in the network. Additionally, we show that the edge community profile of both cortical and subcortical nodes can be estimates solely from cortico-subcortical interactions. Finally, we used a motif analysis focusing on edge community triads where a subcortical region coupled to two cortical regions and found that two community triads where one community couples the subcortex to the cortex were overrepresented. In summary, our results show organized coupling of the subcortex to the cortex that may play a role in cortical organization of primary sensorimotor/attention and heteromodal systems and puts forth the motif analysis of edge community triads as a promising method for investigation of communication patterns in networks.
Overground Gait Kinematics and Muscle Activation Patterns in the Yucatan Mini Pig
Authors: Mirkiani Soroush , Roszko David A. , O’Sullivan Carly L. , Faridi Pouria , Hu David S. , Fang Daniel , Everaert Dirk G. , Toossi Amirali , Robinson Kevin , Mushahwar Vivian K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA growing number of spinal cord injury, neuromodulation, and cell therapy studies on porcine models, especially the Yucatan minipigs (YMPs), have been recently reported. This is due to the large similarities between human and porcine neuroanatomy and biomechanics. To assess treatment modalities and locomotor recovery in this model, there is an obvious need for detailed characterization of normative overground gait in neurologically intact YMPs. The objective of this study was to assess gait biomechanics and the effect of overground walking speed on gait parameters, kinematics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity in the hindlimb muscles of YMPs. Nine neurologically-intact adult YMPs were trained to walk overground in a straight line. Whole-body kinematics and EMG activity of hindlimb muscles were recorded and analyzed at 6 different speed ranges (0.4-0.59, 0.6-0.79, 0.8-0.99, 1.0-1.19, 1.2-1.39, and 1.4-1.6 m/s). A MATLAB program was developed to detect strides and gait events automatically from motion-captured data. Significant decreases in stride duration, stance and swing times and an increase in stride length were observed with increasing speed. A transition in gait pattern occurred at the 1.0m/s walking speed. Significant increases in the range of motion of the knee and ankle joints were observed at higher speeds. Also, the points of minimum and maximum knee and ankle joint angles occurred earlier in the gait cycle at higher speeds. The onset of EMG activity in the biceps femoris muscle occurred significantly earlier in the gait cycle with increasing speed. A comprehensive characterization of overground walking in neurologically-intact YMPs is provided. These normative measures set the basis against which the effects of future interventions on locomotor capacity in YMPs can be compared.
Post-entry, spike-dependent replication advantage of B.1.1.7 and B.1.617.2 over B.1 SARS-CoV-2 in an ACE2-deficient human lung cell line
Authors: Niemeyer Daniela , Schroeder Simon , Friedmann Kirstin , Weege Friderike , Trimpert Jakob , Richter Anja , Stenzel Saskia , Jansen Jenny , Emanuel Jackson , Kazmierski Julia , Pott Fabian , Jeworowski Lara M. , Olmer Ruth , Jaboreck Mark-Christian , Tenner Beate , Papies Jan , Heinze Julian , Walper Felix , Schmidt Marie L. , Heinemann Nicolas , Möncke-Buchner Elisabeth , Veith Talitha , Baumgardt Morris , Hoffmann Karen , Widera Marek , Thao Tran Thi Nhu , Balázs Anita , Schulze Jessica , Mache Christin , Morkel Markus , Ciesek Sandra , Hanitsch Leif G. , Mall Marcus A. , Hocke Andreas C. , Thiel Volker , Osterrieder Klaus , Wolff Thorsten , Martin Ulrich , Corman Victor M. , Müller Marcel A. , Goffinet Christine , Drosten Christian 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTEpidemiological data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) B.1.1.7 and B.1.617.2 are more transmissible and infections are associated with a higher mortality than non-VOC virus infections. Phenotypic properties underlying their enhanced spread in the human population remain unknown. B.1.1.7 virus isolates displayed inferior or equivalent spread in most cell lines and primary cells compared to an ancestral B.1 SARS-CoV-2, and were outcompeted by the latter. Lower infectivity and delayed entry kinetics of B.1.1.7 viruses were accompanied by inefficient proteolytic processing of spike. B.1.1.7 viruses failed to escape from neutralizing antibodies, but slightly dampened induction of innate immunity. The bronchial cell line NCI-H1299 supported 24- and 595-fold increased growth of B.1.1.7 and B.1.617.2 viruses, respectively, in the absence of detectable ACE2 expression and in a spike-determined fashion. Superior spread in NCI-H1299 cells suggests that VOCs employ a distinct set of cellular cofactors that may be unavailable in standard cell lines.
An energy-autonomous UAV swarm concept to support sea-rescue and maritime patrol missions in the Mediterranean sea
Authors: Sendner Franz-Michael 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
For the crews and assets of the European Union’s (EU’s) Joint Operations available today, but a vast area in the Mediterranean Sea to monitor, detection of small boats and rafts in distress can take up to several days or even fail at all. This study aims to outline how an energy-autonomous swarm of Unmanned Aerial System can help to increase the monitored sea area while minimizing human resource demand.

Design/methodology/approach
A concept for an unattended swarm of solar powered, unmanned hydroplanes is proposed. A swarm operations concept, vehicle conceptual design and an initial vehicle sizing method is derived. A microscopic, multi-agent-based simulation model is developed. System characteristics and surveillance performance is investigated in this delimited environment number of vehicles scale. Parameter variations in insolation, overcast and system design are used to predict system characteristics. The results are finally used for a scale-up study on a macroscopic level.

Findings
Miniaturization of subsystems is found to be essential for energy balance, whereas power consumption of subsystems is identified to define minimum vehicle size. Seasonal variations of solar insolation are observed to dominate the available energy budget. Thus, swarm density and activity adaption to solar energy supply is found to be a key element to maintain continuous aerial surveillance.

Research limitations/implications
This research was conducted extra-occupationally. Resources were limited to the available range of literature, computational power number and time budget.

Practical implications
A proposal for a probable concept of operations, as well as vehicle preliminary design for an unmanned energy-autonomous, multi-vehicle system for maritime surveillance tasks, are presented and discussed. Indications on path planning, communication link and vehicle interaction scheme selection are given. Vehicle design drivers are identified and optimization of parameters with significant impact on the swarm system is shown.

Social implications
The proposed system can help to accelerate the detection of ships in distress, increasing the effectiveness of life-saving rescue missions.

Originality/value
For continuous surveillance of expanded mission theatres by small-sized vehicles of limited endurance, a novel, collaborative swarming approach applying in situ resource utilization is explored.
Frontline employee-driven change in hospitality firms: an analysis of receptionists’ personality on implemented suggestions
Authors: González-González Tamara , García-Almeida Desiderio J. , Viseu João 
Published: October 2021

PurposeFrontline employees’ suggestions are relevant for employee-driven organisational change because their knowledge is partially constructed from direct contact with customers and indirectly with competitors. The employee’s personality is a paramount individual characteristic that can exert a major potential influence on the proposal and implementation of those suggestions. This study aims to discuss the impact of the personality dimensions in the Big Five model (i.e. extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience) on suggestions generated by frontline employees and implemented in their firms.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was prepared based on a review of the academic literature. The 5 presented hypotheses were tested with data from 167 frontline employees from hotels in Tenerife (Spain).FindingsResults show the relevance of frontline employees’ three characteristics of personality regarding the employee-driven organisational change. Thus, their extraversion, neuroticism and lack of direction tend to be relevant drivers of the suggestion and implementation of change.Practical implicationsFrontline employees act as change agents in hospitality firms. Managers should develop recruitment processes that allow to select individuals prone to proposing innovative suggestions and creating a friendlier system for submitting and defending them.Originality/valueEmployee-driven organisational change becomes crucial for the survival and growth of hospitality firms. Relatively few studies have been conducted on the role of frontline employees as change facilitators in the sector. This study contributes to shedding light on this research gap from a personality approach and the study also provides practical implications to increase valid suggestions in the hospitality sector.
Post-operative management of flexor tendon injuries at zone II and flexor pollicis longus – a survey of Irish practice
Authors: Spirtos Michelle , Naughton Mary , Carr Emma , Stapleton Tadhg , O'Donnell Michelle 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The post-operative management of flexor tendon injuries has been the focus of considerable exploration and there continues to be variation in approaches and methods of mobilisation. The purpose of this paper is to explore therapy management following repair to flexor tendons at zone II and flexor pollicis longus (FPL) (all zones) in Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach
A descriptive survey questionnaire design through an online format was used. Therapists were recruited through the Irish Association of Hand Therapists, the national bodies for occupational therapy and physiotherapy, and therapy managers in acute hospitals, with 29 therapists participating in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the survey data.

Findings
Patients were generally seen three to five days following surgery. Early active mobilisation approaches were favoured by all but one therapist, with 62% using the Belfast protocol and 34% the Manchester Short Splint (MSS) protocol. Each early active protocol exercise session commences with passive motion followed by graded active flexion. Tenodesis is incorporated by the majority of respondents within the first four weeks. Therapy programme and splints are modified based on patient presentation. Resistance exercises are commenced from week seven. Patient compliance was identified as the most influential factor in the post-operative intervention approach taken.

Originality/value
This study provides the first Irish profile of current practice in the post-operative management of flexor tendon repairs at zone II and FPL which has not previously been reported. Further research should explore the reasoning behind the interventions chosen and also the implications for practice of changes to surgical techniques.
The impact of cross-functional coordination on customer coordination and operational performance: an information processing view
Authors: Li Siyu , Wang Kedi , Huo Baofeng , Zhao Xiande , Cui Xiling 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of cross-functional coordination (cross-functional system, process and team coordination) on customer coordination (customer strategic and operational coordination) and operational performance. Following the lens of information processing theory (IPT), this study examines the diverse mechanisms of cross-functional coordination practices in enhancing firms’ information processing capabilities (IPCs) to cope with the higher information processing demands resulting from customer coordination, finally improving operational performance.Design/methodology/approachBased on data collected from 410 Chinese manufacturers, the authors use the structural equation modeling method to test the theoretical model.FindingsThe authors found that cross-functional system coordination is positively associated with customer operational coordination (COC) but not customer strategic coordination (CSC). Cross-functional process coordination increases both customer strategic and operational coordination. Cross-functional team coordination significantly promotes CSC but not COC. Both customer operational and strategic coordination facilitate operational performance.Originality/valueThis research pioneers in identifying three dimensions of cross-functional coordination based on IPT and examine their distinct impacts on various customer coordination activities. The authors distinguish two customer coordination dimensions and reveal their effects on operational performance. This research contributes to the development of IPT. Additionally, this study provides guidelines for managers to coordinate internal departments and collaborate with external customers to enhance firms’ operational performance.
Path to sustainable luxury brand consumption: face consciousness, materialism, pride and risk of embarrassment
Authors: Islam Tahir , Wang Ying , Ali Ahsan , Akhtar Naeem 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the roles of face consciousness, materialism and emotions play in sustainable luxury brand consumption (SLBC) among Millennials in a Collective society.

Design/methodology/approach
Three experimental design studies using scenario-based methodologies along with the survey method were conducted in China to test the proposed research model.

Findings
Study 1 shows that face consciousness negatively and significantly affects SLBC, and this effect is mediated by materialism. Study 2 reveals that when Millennials experienced great authentic pride, there is a positive association between face consciousness and SLBC. Furthermore, Study 3 reveals that when Millennials are exposed to a high risk of embarrassment, materialists’ willingness to engage in SLBC increases.

Research limitations/implications
The current research has significant theoretical implications for studying SLBC, especially among young consumers. This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationships among face consciousness, materialism, pride, risk of embarrassment and SLBC in a Collective culture context, where luxury consumption is valued.

Originality/value
Sustainable luxury consumption is a new and under-examined research area. This research extends the SLBC literature in the context of a collective society and provides empirical evidence for sustainable consumption and luxury consumption in general. The research also contributes to the literature by examining the moderating role of self-conscious emotion in the relationship between face consciousness and SLBC.
Process evaluation of an educational programme for preventing recidivism by adult firesetters
Authors: Pearson Dominic , Merrick Maria , Dent Amie , Blampied Shane 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Fire-related offences are costly in human and financial terms. Fire education is widely used with juveniles and with adults in forensic psychiatric settings; however, with prison/probation clients there has been a lack of focus on its potential. This study asked participants of a structured fire education programme for adults how they experienced it and its impact on their feelings about firesetting.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants were 15 programme completers, including ten males and five females. All were adults that had attended the programme during their sentence, either in the community or whilst in custody.

Findings
Using an inductive thematic analysis this study interpreted the following themes: a supportive and responsive approach, impactful learning materials and methods, a new way of thinking, and picking up the pieces. This study proposes that the intervention may activate change through its powerful methods including fact-based arguments and support from legitimate experts.

Practical implications
Firesetters’ Integrated Responsive Educational Programme (FIRE-P) is a novel example of a specialist structured fire education programme for adult firesetters. This is the first paper to outline its structure and content. Understanding how change occurs in FIRE-P has implications for intervention design and delivery with this client group.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first qualitative study of a structured fire education programme for adults and provides researchers and practitioners with insight into the ingredients of a successful fire education programme.