bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental sleep after induction therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Steur Lindsay M.H. , Rensen Niki , Grootenhuis Martha A. , van Eijkelenburg Natasha K.A. , van der Sluis Inge M. , Dors Natasja , van den Bos Cor , Tissing Wim J.E. , Kaspers Gertjan J.L. , van Litsenburg Raphaële R.L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
Parents of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are at risk for developing sleep problems. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of parental sleep problems after induction, the most intensive treatment phase, and identify predictors of poor sleep—as substantiated by a proposed conceptual model.

Methods:
Parents completed the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale, Distress Thermometer for Parents, and a sociodemographic questionnaire approximately 4 months after their child's diagnosis. Clinically relevant sleep problems were defined as a sum score >1 SD above the reference's mean, and severe problems as >2 SD. Clinical distress was defined according to the pre-established cut-off of ≥4. Pediatric patients wore an actigraph for 7 days to assess sleep efficiency, total sleep time, sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset. Predictive determinants of parental sleep (sociodemographic, psychosocial, actigraphic estimates of child sleep) were assessed with multiple linear regression.

Results:
Questionnaires were available from 123 parents (77% mothers). Their children (n = 120, median age 5.5 years, 60% boys) were on average 4.7 ± 1.3 months from diagnosis. The prevalence of parental sleep problems was 51%; half of this group reported severe problems. Identified predictors were clinical distress (bèta .35, P = .002), insufficient social support (bèta .26, P = .020), more “wake after sleep onset” of the child (bèta .22, P = .042), and chronic illness in the parent (bèta .18, P = .097). Explained variance was 39%.

Conclusions:
Parents of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia commonly report sleep problems after their child's induction treatment. Enhancing parental well-being benefits the whole family. Hence, early attention to sleep is warranted.
Clinical Evaluation of MR-Gated Respiratory Motion Correction in Simultaneous PET/MRI
Authors: Li Hui , Meng Xiangxi , Guan Xiangping , Zhou Nina , Liu Hui , Zhang Yan , Yu Boqi , Zhu Hua , Li Nan , Yang Zhi 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The recently available gated T1-weighted imaging with the Dixon technique enables the synchronized gating signal for both MR acquisition and PET reconstruction. Herein, we evaluated the clinical value of this MR-gated PET reconstruction in the thoracic-abdominal PET/MRI compared with non–MR-gated method.

Methods
Twenty patients (28 hypermetabolic target lesions) underwent PET/MRI. Four types of PET images were reconstructed: non–MR-gating + gated attenuation correction (AC) (group A), MR-gating + gated AC (group B), non–MR-gating + breath-hold (BH) AC (group C), and MR-gating + BH AC (group D). A 4-point objective scale (from well match to obvious mismatch was scored from 3 to 0) was proposed to evaluate the mismatch. The detection rate and quantitative metrics were also evaluated.

Results
In the patient-based analysis, for groups A through D, the detection rates were 90%, 100%, 85%, and 90% as well as 95%, 100%, 85%, and 85%, assessed by readers 1 and 2, respectively, and significant difference of mismatch score was observed with the highest proportion of 3 points in group B (85%, 90%, 35%, and 40%, and 80%, 90%, 35%, and 20%, assessed by readers 1 and 2, respectively). The lesion-based analysis demonstrated significant differences in quantitative metrics for groups A through D (all P’s < 0.05), with the highest quantitative metrics in group B (SUVmax: 7.49 ± 3.37, 8.45 ± 3.82, 6.90 ± 3.24, and 7.69 ± 3.50; SUVmean: 3.90 ± 1.60, 4.34 ± 1.84, 3.67 ± 1.61, and 4.03 ± 1.81; SUVpeak: 5.60 ± 2.50, 6.10 ± 2.80, 5.22 ± 2.40, and 5.65 ± 2.68; signal-to-noise ratio: 136.06 ± 90.58, 136.24 ± 81.63, 99.52 ± 53.16, and 107.57 ± 69.05).

Conclusions
The MR-gated reconstruction using gated AC reduced the mismatch between MR and PET images and improved the thoracic-abdominal PET image quality in simultaneous PET/MRI systems.
Covid-19 positive test cycle threshold trends predict covid-19 mortality in Rhode Island
Authors: Bostom Andrew G. , Kenyon Todd , Eaton Charles B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe cycle thresholds (Cts) at which reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) tests for covid-19 become positive are intimately associated with both viral load, and covid-19 infectiousness (i.e., ability to culture live virus). Clinical data indicate lower Cts—and hence larger viral loads—independently predict greater covid-19 mortality when patients are hospitalized for symptomatic covid-19 pneumonia. We merged public covid-19 mortality data from the Rhode Island Department of Health with a de-identified dataset of n=5036 positive rtPCR test Cts from the Rhode Island Department of Health State Laboratory to explore the potential relationship between positive covid-19 test Ct distribution trends, and covid-19 mortality in the state of Rhode Island, from March through early to mid-June, 2020. Mean daily covid-19 positive test Ct data were compiled, and 7-day rolling average covid-19 mortality was offset by 21-days, given the lag between infection and death. We divided the Ct data into three strata, >32, 28-32, and <28, which were operationally defined as “not infectious,” “maybe infectious,” and “infectious,” respectively. Between late March and June, mean daily Ct values rose linearly (R-squared=0.789) so that by early June, as the covid-19 pandemic ebbed in severity, all means reached the noninfectious (Ct >32) range. Most notably, this May-June trend for Cts was accompanied by a marked, steady decline in Rhode Island’s daily covid-19 mortality. Our results suggest that monitoring, and public reporting of mean population covid-19 test Cts over time is warranted to gauge the vacillations of covid-19 outbreak severity, including covid-19 mortality trends.
The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction and its associated factors in patients with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Hasan Md Mehedi , Tamanna Naima Ahmed , Jamal Mohammad Nasimul , Uddin Md Jamal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of olfactory dysfunctions, mainly, anosmia and to identify its associated factors in patients with COVID-19 infection.Study designA hospital-based prospective observational cohort studySettingA COVID dedicated hospital, Square Hospitals Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodsWe collected patients’ information including laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 test results. We used Pearson Chi-square test and logistic regression model to assess the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and olfactory outcomes.ResultsOut of 600 COVID-19 positive patients, 38.7% were diagnosed with olfactory dysfunction. Our analyses showed that patients’ age, smoking status, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, asthenia, and nausea or vomiting were significantly associated with the anosmia. We observed the risk of developing anosmia was greater in younger patients than in older patients, and this risk decreased as age increased [odds ratio (OR) range for different age groups: 1.26 to 1.08]. Smoking patients were 1.73 times more likely to experience anosmia than non-smoking patients [OR=1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-2.98]. In addition, patients complained asthenia had a significantly double risk of developing the anosmia [OR = 1.96, CI = 1.23-3.06].ConclusionsOur study shows that about 39% of patients diagnosed with olfactory dysfunction. Patients’ age, smoking status, and asthenia are significantly positively associated with the anosmia. Since anosmia can be a significant marker for the diagnosis of COVID-19, we suggest regular screening of olfactory dysfunction in patients with early symptoms of COVID-19, particularly younger patients, smoker, and complained asthenia.
SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in school settings during the second wave in Berlin, Germany: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Theuring Stefanie , Thielecke Marlene , van Loon Welmoed , Hommes Franziska , Hülso Claudia , von der Haar Annkathrin , Körner Jennifer , Schmidt Michael , Böhringer Falko , Mall Marcus A. , Rosen Alexander , von Kalle Christof , Kirchberger Valerie , Kurth Tobias , Seybold Joachim , Mockenhaupt Frank P. ,   BECOSS Study Group
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSchool attendance during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is intensely debated. Modelling studies suggest that school closures contribute to community transmission reduction. However, data among school-attending students and staff are scarce. In November 2020, we examined SARS-CoV-2 infections and seroreactivity in 24 randomly selected school classes and connected households in Berlin, Germany.MethodsStudents and school staff were examined, oro-nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples collected, and SARS-CoV-2 infection and IgG antibodies detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. Household members performed self-swabs. Individual and institutional infection prevention and control measures were assessed. Classes with SARS-CoV-2 infection and connected household members were re-tested after one week.Findings1119 participants were examined, including 177 primary and 175 secondary school students, 142 staff, and 625 household members. Participants reported mainly cold symptoms (19·4%). SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred in eight of 24 classes affecting each 1-2 individuals. Infection prevalence was 2·7% (95%CI; 1·2-5·0%; 9/338), 1·4% (0·2-5·1%; 2/140), and 2·3% (1·3-3·8%; 14/611) among students, staff and household members, respectively, including quarantined persons. Six of nine infected students were asymptomatic. Prevalence increased with inconsistent facemask use in school, way to school on foot, and case-contacts outside school. IgG antibodies were detected in 2·0% (0·8-4·1%; 7/347), 1·4% (0·2-5·0%; 2/141) and 1·4% (0·6-2·7%; 8/576), respectively. For three of nine households with infection(s) detected at cross-sectional assessment, origin in school seemed possible. After one week, no school-related, secondary infections appeared in affected classes; the attack rate in connected households was 1·1%.InterpretationThese data suggest that school attendance under preventive measures is feasible, provided their rigorous implementation. In balancing threats and benefits of openversusclosed schools during the pandemic, parents and society need to consider possible spill-overs into their households. Deeper insight is needed into the infection risks due to being a schoolchild as compared to attending school.FundingSenate of Berlin.
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among hospital healthcare workers in relation to patient contact and type of care
Authors: Klevebro Susanna , Bahram Fuad , Elfström K. Miriam , Hellberg Ulrika , Hober Sophia , Merid Simon Kebede , Kull Inger , Nilsson Peter , Tornvall Per , Wang Gang , Lundgren Kalle Conneryd , Ponzer Sari , Dillner Joakim , Melén Erik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimWe aimed to assess the risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a large cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs).MethodsFrom May 11 until June 11, 2020, 3,981 HCWs at a large Swedish Emergency Care hospital provided serum samples and questionnaire data. Exposure was measured by assaying IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.ResultsThe total seroprevalence was 17.7% and increased during the study period. Among the seropositive HCWs, 10.5% had been entirely asymptomatic. Participants who worked with COVID-19 patients had higher odds for seropositivity: ORadj 1.96 (95% CI 1.59 – 2.42). HCWs from three of the departments managing COVID-19 patients had significantly higher seroprevalences, whereas the prevalence among HCWs from the Intensive Care Unit (also managing COVID-19 patients) was significantly lower.ConclusionHCWs in contact with SARS-CoV-2 infected patients had a variable, but on average higher, likelihood for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Nucleic Transformer: Deep Learning on Nucleic Acids with Self-attention and Convolutions
Authors: He Shujun , Gao Baizhen , Sabnis Rushant , Sun Qing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMuch work has been done to apply machine learning and deep learning to genomics tasks, but these applications usually require extensive domain knowledge and the resulting models provide very limited interpretability. Here we present the Nucleic Transformer, a conceptually simple but effective and interpretable model architecture that excels in a variety of DNA/RNA tasks. The Nucleic Transformer processes nucleic acid sequences with self-attention and convolutions, two deep learning techniques that have proved dominant in the fields of computer vision and natural language processing. We demonstrate that the Nucleic Transformer can be trained in both supervised and unsupervised fashion without much domain knowledge to achieve high performance with limited amounts of data inEscherichia colipromoter classification, viral genome identification, and degradation properties of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine candidates. Additionally, we showcase extraction of promoter motifs from learned attention and how direct visualization of self-attention maps assists informed decision making using deep learning models.
The Relationship Between Gender and Promotion Over the Business Cycle: Does Firm Size Matter?
Authors: Saridakis George , Ferreira Priscila , Mohammed Anne‐Marie , Marlow Susan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper offers a more nuanced analysis of employee promotion decisions; specifically, how they are affected by firm size, gender and stages within the business cycle. Drawing on data from Portugal, we find that during times of adverse macroeconomic conditions, promotion prospects in all firms decline. Within large firms, women are more likely to be promoted during economic downturns, reflecting the ‘glass cliff’ hypothesis. In small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), overall promotion rates are less affected by adverse economic conditions, however, women are less likely to attain promotions. Our results emphasize the importance of market volatility and firm heterogeneity in promotion and importantly, reveal differing forms of gender discrimination. In large firms women are, in effect, afforded greater responsibility for the effects of market volatility whilst SMEs invest more confidence in male employees to manage during crises.
A novel technique for preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules using a mixture of tissue adhesive and iohexol under computed tomography guidance: A 140 patient single‐center study
Authors: Zhang Bingyu , Peng Muyun , Yu Fenglei , Mei Xilong , Tang Jingqun , Wang Xiang , Liu Wenliang , Chen Chen , Chen Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe increase in the incidence of pulmonary nodules has made computed tomography (CT) screening a requirement for diagnosis and treatment. Small pulmonary nodule detection during video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or thoracotomy is frequently challenging; however, accurate and efficient localization of nodules is critical for precise resection. Herein, we introduce and evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel technique for preoperative pulmonary nodule localization.MethodsFrom March 2018 to December 2019, 140 patients with 153 pulmonary nodules measuring <2 cm in diameter were enrolled in this study. Preoperative, CT‐guided localization was performed on each nodule with an injected mixture of tissue adhesive and iohexol. Patient and nodule characteristics, localization data, complications, surgical data, and pathological results were analyzed.ResultsAll 153 nodules in 140 patients were successfully marked preoperatively and detected during surgery (n = 153/153). Mean nodule size was 8.7 ± 2.6 mm, and mean distance from nodule to pleura was 7.9 ± 8.2 mm. The mean procedural time was 8.7 ± 1.0 min. Nine patients (6.4%) underwent two simultaneous nodule localizations and two patients (1.4%) underwent three simultaneous nodule localizations. Pneumothorax (17/140, 12.1%), pain (6/140, 4.3%), and pungent odor (5/140, 3.6%) were the major complications. No patient required further treatment, and no allergic reactions or embolisms were observed.ConclusionsPreoperative CT‐guided nodule localization using a mixture of tissue adhesive and iohexol is an efficient technique for localizing small and impalpable pulmonary lesions, including multiple pulmonary nodules. Our study demonstrates that this novel method is safe and straightforward to implement.
The association between human papillomavirus and cervical high‐grade cytology among HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative Tanzanian women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Swai Patricia , Kjaer Susanne K. , Mchome Bariki , Manongi Rachel , Msuya Sia E. , Wu Chun Sen , Waldstrom Marianne , Iftner Thomas , Mwaiselage Julius , Rasch Vibeke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, cervical cancer being the leading cause of deaths in Tanzanian women. Early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions are important in the prevention of cervical cancer cases.Material and methodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study among 3390 Tanzanian women aged 25‐60 years. Information on lifestyle habits was collected, and women underwent gynecological examination with collection of cervical cells for conventional cytological and HPV testing. Blood samples were tested for HIV. The association between cervical high‐grade cytology (HGC) and potential risk factors was examined using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age and high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV).ResultsThe prevalence of HGC was 3.6% and of low‐grade cytology was 8.3%. In women who were both HR‐HPV‐positive and HIV‐positive, the prevalence of HGC was 28.3%. It increased by age and was 47% among women aged 50‐60 years. Women, who had their sexual debut at age 9‐15 years and 16‐18 years, respectively, had 2.5 and 2.4 times increased odds of HGC compared with women whose sexual debut was at age 21 years and older. HIV‐positive women had increased odds of HGC in comparison with HIV‐negative women after adjustment for age (odds ratio [OR] 2.95, 95% CI 1.92‐4.54). HR‐HPV‐positive women had nearly 100‐fold increased odds of HGC compared with HR‐HPV‐negative women (OR 96.6, 95% CI 48.0‐194), and this estimate was higher among HIV‐positive women (OR 152.2, 95% CI 36.1‐642.0).ConclusionsIncreasing age, early age at first intercourse, HR‐HPV, and HIV infections were associated with a substantially increased risk of HGC.
Diagnosing atopic dermatitis in infancy using established diagnostic criteria: a cohort study
Authors: Endre K.M.A. , Landrø L. , LeBlanc M. , Gjersvik P. , Lødrup Carlsen K.C. , Haugen G. , Hedlin G. , Jonassen C.M. , Nordlund B. , Rudi K. , Skjerven H.O. , Staff A.C. , Söderhäll C. , Vettukattil R. , Rehbinder E.M. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackgroundDiagnosing atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants is challenging.ObjectivesTo determine the incidence and persistence of eczema and AD in infants using the UK Working Party (UKWP) and Hanifin and Rajka (H&R) criteria.MethodsA cohort of 1834 infants was examined clinically at 3, 6 and 12 months of age. AD was diagnosed by UKWP (3, 6 and 12 months) and H&R (12 months) criteria. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between AD and eczema.ResultsEczema was observed in 628 (34·2%) infants (n = 240, n = 359 and n = 329 at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively), with AD diagnosed in 212 (33·7%) infants with any eczema and in 64/78 (82%) infants with eczema at all three visits. The odds of AD were lower with first presentation of eczema at 6 [odds ratio (OR) 0·33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·22–0·48] or 12 months (OR 0·49, 95% CI 0·32–0·74) than at 3 months, and higher in infants with eczema at three (OR 23·1, 95% CI 12·3–43·6) or two (OR 6·5, 95% CI 4·3–9·9) visits vs. one visit only. At 12 months, 156/329 (47·4%) fulfilled the UKWP and/or H&R criteria; 27 (8%) fulfilled the UKWP criteria only and 65 (20%) only the H&R criteria. Of the 129 infants who fulfilled the H&R criteria, 44 (34·1%) did not meet the itch criterion.ConclusionsUsed in combination and at multiple timepoints, the UKWP and H&R criteria for AD may be useful in clinical research but may have limited value in most other clinical settings.
Optical dating of cobble surfaces determines the chronology of Holocene beach ridges in Greenland
Authors: Souza Priscila E. , Sohbati Reza , Murray Andrew S. , Clemmensen Lars B. , Kroon Aart , Nielsen Lars 
Published: January 2021

We constrain the age of a cobble beach ridge system in Greenland using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating of buried cobble surfaces. Luminescence signals from six cobbles are measured using infrared (IR) stimulation at 50 °C (IR50) and 180 °C (pIRIR180); these cobbles represent four progressively younger beach ridges lying between ~35 and ~6 m above present sea level. Luminescence–depth profiles show that the IR50 signals in all the samples and pIRIR180 signals in four out of six samples are well bleached to depths >1.2 mm into the cobble surfaces. Equivalent doses in well‐bleached cobble surface slices (i.e. <1.2 mm) are measured and divided by the effective environmental dose rate to the cobble surfaces in order to derive burial ages. Both IR signals are corrected for anomalous fading using the sample‐specific ratio of the field to the laboratory saturation levels. Our results are consistent with a depositional model predicting that the investigated portion of the beach ridge system built out continuously during relative sea level fall between ~5.3 and ~1.9 ka ago. The optical ages suggest that the rate of construction varied considerably, with the highest rates ~3.4 ka ago. Additionally, the lowest‐elevation beach ridge investigated here provides the first evidence for a higher‐than‐present relative sea level, between 1.5 and 2 ka ago, in the Disko coastal region.
Does It Matter How We Speak About Social Kinds? A Large, Preregistered, Online Experimental Study of How Language Shapes the Development of Essentialist Beliefs
Authors: Leshin Rachel A. , Leslie Sarah‐Jane , Rhodes Marjorie 
Published: January 2021

A problematic way to think about social categories is to essentialize them—to treat particular differences between people as marking fundamentally distinct social kinds. From where do these beliefs arise? Language that expresses generic claims about categories elicits some aspects of essentialism, but the scope of these effects remains unclear. This study (N = 204, ages 4.5–8 years, 73% White; recruited predominantly from the United States and the United Kingdom to participate online in 2019) found that generic language increases two critical aspects of essentialist thought: Beliefs that (a) category‐related properties arise from intrinsic causal mechanisms and (b) category boundaries are inflexible. These findings have implications for understanding the spread of essentialist beliefs across communities and the development of intergroup behavior.