bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal dietary intake, nutritional status and macronutrient composition of human breast milk: systematic review
Authors: Adhikari Shiksha , Kudla Urszula , Nyakayiru Jean , Brouwer-Brolsma Elske M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman breast milk (BM) is the best source of nutrition in early life, particularly during the first 6 months. Nevertheless, human BM composition is variable, and more insight in the exact factors contributing to this variability is warranted. In this review, we explored the impact of maternal dietary intake and nutritional status (e.g. anthropometric measures, BMI, bioimpedance) on human milk macronutrient composition. PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane were systematically searched till November 2019. In total, 4946 publications underwent title–abstract screening; 101 publications underwent full-text screening. Eventually, fifty publications were included in this review, investigating either associations between maternal dietary intake (n29) and/or maternal nutritional status (n29), and macronutrient composition of human BM. Reported energy composition ranged from 213 to 301 kJ/100 ml, and 67 % and 54 % of the studies reported associations between with maternal nutritional intake and status, respectively. Protein content ranged from 0·8 to 3·3 g/100 ml, and four studies suggested a negative association with nutritional status. Fat content ranged from 2·1 to 9·8 g/100 ml, and 68 % of the studies reported positive associations with nutritional status. Carbohydrate content ranged from 5·8 to 7·5 g/100 ml, and 67 % of the included studies did not report an association between intake and status. Literature investigating associations of maternal dietary intake and nutrition status with BM composition of macronutrients and energy content is diversified, both in terms of used methodology and results. Further studies using well-defined and standard parameters are essential to aid the formulation of scientific recommendations.
Geology and palaeontology of the Codos anticline, eastern Iberian Chains, NE Spain: age constraints for the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary in the Iberian Chains
Authors: Streng Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe two major structural elements of the Iberian Chains, the Datos and Jarque thrust faults, have been described as occurring in proximity in the area around the village of Codos. The purported Jarque fault corresponds to the axial plane of an anticline known as the Codos anticline, which exposes the oldest stratigraphic unit in this area, i.e. the Codos Bed, a limestone bed bearing skeletal fossils of putative Ediacaran or earliest Cambrian age. Details of the geology of the area and the age of the known fossils are poorly understood or not universally agreed upon. New investigations in the anticline revealed the presence of a normal fault, introduced as the Codos fault, which cross-cuts the course of the alleged Jarque fault. The vertical displacement along the axial plane of the anticline appears to be insignificant, challenging the traditional interpretation of the plane as an equivalent of the Jarque thrust fault. Reinvestigation of the Codos Bed revealed previously unknown skeletal fossils of early Cambrian age, confirming notions that the bed is younger than traditionally assumed. In particular, two helcionelloid molluscs, Anabarella cf. plana and Igorella? sp., allow correlations with Terreneuvian strata of central Spain (Pusa and Fuentepizzara formations) and support previously suggested connections with the Heraultia Limestone of southern France. Former identification of the terminal Ediacaran index-fossil Cloudina in the bed is erroneous. Consequently, the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary in the Iberian Chains, which has been placed at the top of the formation overlying the Codos Bed, is stratigraphically distinctly lower.
A review of telephone consultations for head and neck cancer follow up: a patient satisfaction survey
Authors: Stewart R , Collins L , Kerr B , Gray G , Devlin B , Black M , Ullah R 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo review patient satisfaction with the change in practice towards telephone consultations during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic for head and neck cancer follow up.MethodA retrospective analysis was conducted of head and neck cancer telephone appointments during a six-month period in a tertiary referral centre.ResultsPatients found the telephone consultations beneficial (98 per cent), with 30 per cent stating they were relieved to not have to attend hospital. Patients who travelled further, those with lower stage disease and patients with a greater interval from initial treatment were most satisfied with the telephone consultations. Sixty-eight per cent of patients stated they would be happy to have telephone consultations as part of their regular follow up after the pandemic.ConclusionPatients found the telephone consultations beneficial and 30 per cent considered them preferable to face-to-face appointments. This study demonstrates that telephone consultations can be used as an adjunct to face-to-face appointments in an effort to reduce hospital attendances whilst maintaining close follow up.
Recurrence of anxiety disorders and its predictors in the general population
Authors: Scholten Willemijn , ten Have Margreet , van Geel Carmen , van Balkom Anton , de Graaf Ron , Batelaan Neeltje 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety disorders frequently recur in clinical populations, but the risk of recurrence of anxiety disorders is largely unknown in the general population. In this study, recurrence of anxiety and its predictors were studied in a large cohort of the adult general population.MethodsBaseline, 3-year and 6-year follow-up data were derived from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2). Respondents (N = 468) who had been in remission for at least a year prior to baseline were included. Recurrence was assessed at 3 and 6 years after baseline, using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0. Cumulative recurrence rates were estimated using the number of years since remission of the last anxiety disorder. Furthermore, Cox regression analyses were conducted to investigate predictors of recurrence, using a broad range of putative predictors.ResultsThe estimated cumulative recurrence rate was 2.1% at 1 year, 6.6% at 5 years, 10.6% at 10 years, and 16.2% at 20 years. Univariate regression analyses predicted a shorter time to recurrence for several variables, of which younger age at interview, parental psychopathology, neuroticism and a current depressive disorder remained significant in the, age and gender-adjusted, multivariable regression analysis.ConclusionsRecurrence of anxiety disorders in the general population is common and the risk of recurrence extends over a lengthy period of time. In clinical practice, alertness to recurrence, monitoring of symptoms, and quick access to health care in case of recurrence are needed.
International rituals: An analytical framework and its theoretical repertoires
Authors: Baele Stephane J. , Balzacq Thierry 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe performance of ritual and the ritualisation of performance are the two main theoretical repertoires of ritual study in international politics and beyond. However, they also escalate tensions between those who insist on ritual's ability to operate by virtue of participants’ presence and those who believe that global networks of media call for a representational turn, which must tie participants and audiences across borders. Should we fail to understand how these distinct theoretical repertoires interact, it would be difficult to study international ritual, identify its functions, and trace its effects. Anchored in the sociology of ‘social occasions’, this article weaves ritual's patterns, properties, and resources into a coherent analytical framework. The framework enables us to better to grasp how actors move between/within different worlds (ritual and performance) and to what effects. The comparative study of two post-terrorism ritual occasions (the 2011 Rose March in Oslo and the 2015 Republican Marches in France) illustrates the usefulness of this theoretical proposition and its related framework.
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection and pulmonary venous varix coexist in Turner syndrome: a case report
Authors: Li Qiao , Li Xiang , Li Xiao , Feng Yuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTurner syndrome is a clinical syndrome caused by autosomal abnormalities in women. It is often accompanied by congenital cardiovascular malformations commonly including a bicuspid aortic valve malformation and aortic coarctation, but the presence of multiple pulmonary venous abnormalities is extremely rare. We present a 27-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Turner syndrome. She was revealed an anomalous right upper pulmonary venous connection, left upper pulmonary vein obstruction, and varicose vein malformations of the left pulmonary veins by a series of examination. Cardiac catheterisation and selective pulmonary angiography can further confirm the diagnosis, morphological characteristics, haemodynamic significance and provide a reference for the next step of treatment.
Sensory-Motor and Affective-Fatigue Factors are Associated with Symbol Digit Performance in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Arnett Peter A. , Cadden Margaret , Roman Cristina A.F. , Guty Erin , Riegler Kaitlin , Thomas Garrett 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectives:The oral Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) has become the standard for the brief screening of cognitive impairment in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). It has been shown to be sensitive to sensory-motor factors involving rudimentary oral motor speed and visual acuity, as well as multiple sclerosis (MS) affective-fatigue factors including depression, fatigue, and anxiety. The present study was designed to provide a greater understanding of these noncognitive factors that might contribute to the oral SDMT by examining all these variables in the same sample.Methods:We examined 50 PwMS and 49 healthy controls (HCs). All participants were administered the oral SDMT, two sensory-motor tasks (visual acuity and oral motor speed), and three affective-fatigue measures (depression, fatigue, and anxiety).Results:Partially consistent with hypotheses, we found that sensory-motor skills, but not affective-fatigue factors, accounted for some of the group differences between the MS and HC groups on the oral SDMT, reducing the MS/HC group variance predicted from 10% to 4%. Also, PwMS with below average sensory-motor abilities had oral SDMT scores that were lower than PwMS with intact sensory-motor skills (p < .05). Finally, 71% of PwMS in the below-average sensory-motor group were impaired on the oral SDMT compared with 14% of the intact group (p = .006).Conclusions:When the oral SDMT is used as the sole screening tool for cognitive impairment in MS, clinicians should know that limitations in visual acuity and rudimentary oral motor speed should be considered as possibly being associated with performance on it in MS.
The association between low-carbohydrate diet score and metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults
Authors: Sangsefidi Zohreh Sadat , Lorzadeh Elnaz , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Mirzaei Masoud , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:Assessing the relationship between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and metabolic syndrome (Mets) in Iranian adults.Design:Cross-sectional studySetting:Yazd Health Study and Taghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd study.Participants:Data of 2074 participants were used. Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. LCD score was calculated for each person by summing up the assigned scores to deciles of energy percentages from macronutrients. Mets was evaluated using National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Eventually, association between LCD score and Mets was examined using logistic regression.Results:Total Mets prevalence was approximately 40·5 %. After adjustment for confounders, subjects in the higher quartile of LCD score had a significant lower chance of Mets than lower quartile among all participants (Q4 v. Q1: OR: 0·68, 95 % CI (0·50, 0·92)) and separately in men (Q4 v. Q1: OR: 0·54, 95 % CI (0·34, 0·86)) and women (Q2 v. Q1: OR: 0·53, 95 % CI (0·34, 0·82)). Furthermore, more LCD adherence in men reduced abdominal obesity by 47 % (Q3 v. Q1: OR: 0·53, 95 % CI (0·28, 0·99)). A significant inverse relation was also observed between low HDL cholesterol and LCD score in all participants (Q4 versus Q1 OR: 0·74, 95% CI: 0·56–0·99) and separately in men (Q4 versus Q1 OR: 0·63, 95% CI: 0·40–0·98).Conclusions:More adherence to LCD might be related to lower chance of Mets and some of its components such as low HDL-cholesterol and abdominal obesity specially in men. Further studies are required to confirm the findings.
Contextualising Radhabinod Pal's Dissenting Opinion in Contemporary International Criminal Law
Authors: CHOUDHURY Sumedha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRadhabinod Pal, a judge at the Tokyo Tribunal, wrote a dissenting opinion absolving all the accused Japanese of the alleged crimes. In so doing, he advanced several conceptual and theoretical arguments to support his opinion. This paper focuses on the opinion of Pal concerning non-retroactivity of law, global democracy, imperialism, and victor's justice. The paper analyses his opinion in the light of contemporary developments and argues that his criticisms of the international criminal law regime and global justice are still relevant.
Isoscape of Surface Runoff in High Mountain Catchments: An Alternate Model for Meteoric Water Characterization and Its Implications
Authors: Dasgupta Bibhasvata , Ajay Ajay , Kumar Anurag , Thamban Meloth , Sanyal Prasanta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWater isotope‐based hydrological and paleoaltimetry studies in high mountain areas are generally done using the isotopic composition of river discharge. However, rivers capture a basin averaged signal of regional precipitation and are less likely to register the meteorological processes intrinsic to distinct hydrological fractions at different altitudes. This has been observed in the Khumbu (Mt. Everest) Himalayan watersheds of Dudh Kosi Basin (DKB), where the δ18O values of snowpack and stream water vary non‐uniformly with altitude while the δ18O values of river water show a uniform relationship. Snow exhibits the highest (+0.9 to −4.4‰/100 m) isotopic lapse rate (ILR), followed by streams (+0.2 to −0.4‰/100 m) and rivers (−0.05‰/100 m). Sublimation, catchment vegetation, diurnal temperature, cloud type, and insolation play a significant role in controlling the isotopic composition of snowpack and stream water. Similarly, the isotopic composition of small streams disproportionately represents the meteoric water composition of an area, as rainfall immediately joins the stream‐runoff while the snow melts gradually around the year. To map the isotopic heterogeneity in DKB surface waters, we have modeled the isoscape for surface runoff using the isotopic composition of snow and stream water, and remotely sensed parameters. Accordingly, we simulate the isoscapes for snow and stream‐runoff via multi‐regression models which extrapolate the observed data as a function of the controlling factors. The amount‐weighted summation of both the isoscapes (relative contribution (%) *δ18O value) constitutes the hydropool. The hydropool model incorporates spatiotemporal variation in ILR computed from the δ18O values of surface runoff.
ULF‐Modulation of Whistler‐Mode Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere During Solar Wind Compression
Authors: Shang Xiongjun , Liu Si , Chen Lunjin , Gao Zhonglei , Wang Geng , He Qian , Li Tong , Xiao Fuliang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe solar wind plays important roles in terrestrial magnetosphere dynamics, including the particle population and plasma wave generation. Here, we report an interesting event that ultralow frequency (ULF) waves are enhanced right after solar wind compression and the compressional mode ULF wave subsequently modulates both the intensity and energy flux direction of whistler‐mode waves. Quasi‐periodic whistler‐mode wave packets are observed around = 5.6 at noon sector by Van Allen Probes. Growth rate calculation demonstrates that the compressional mode ULF wave can modulate the whistler‐mode wave intensity by modulating the energetic electron anisotropy. Moreover, the direction of wave energy flux is observed to alternate between northward and southward at equator, which is probably because the intense ULF waves periodically alter the relative direction of the wave source region with respect to the spacecraft. The current results provide a chain of observational evidences to illustrate how the generation and propagation of whistler‐mode waves in the inner magnetosphere are affected by ULF waves during the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: GRP78 determines glioblastoma sensitivity to UBA1 inhibition-induced UPR signaling and cell death
Authors: Liu Guanzheng , Yu Jiefeng , Wu Runqiu , Shi Lin , Zhang Xu , Zhang Wanhong , Zhong Xiaomin , Wang Yifeng , Li Huan , Shen Yang , Wu Changyong , Yu Rutong , Niu Mingshan , Liu Xuejiao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive brain tumor for which new therapeutic approaches are urgently required. Unfolded protein response (UPR) plays an important role in the progression of GBM and is a promising target for developing novel therapeutic interventions. We identified ubiquitin-activating enzyme 1 (UBA1) inhibitor TAK-243 that can strongly induce UPR in GBM cells. In this study, we evaluated the functional activity and mechanism of TAK-243 in preclinical models of GBM. TAK-243 significantly inhibited the survival, proliferation, and colony formation of GBM cell lines and primary GBM cells. It also revealed a significant anti-tumor effect on a GBM PDX animal model and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Notably, TAK-243 more effectively inhibited the survival and self-renewal ability of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) than GBM cells. Importantly, we found that the expression level of GRP78 is a key factor in determining the sensitivity of differentiated GBM cells or GSCs to TAK-243. Mechanistically, UBA1 inhibition disrupts global protein ubiquitination in GBM cells, thereby inducing ER stress and UPR. UPR activates the PERK/ATF4 and IRE1α/XBP signaling axes. These findings indicate that UBA1 inhibition could be an attractive strategy that may be potentially used in the treatment of patients with GBM, and GRP78 can be used as a molecular marker for personalized treatment by targeting UBA1.
In vivo evolution of an emerging zoonotic bacterial pathogen in an immunocompromised human host
Authors: Launay A. , Wu C.-J. , Dulanto Chiang A. , Youn J.-H. , Khil P. P. , Dekker J. P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractZoonotic transfer of animal pathogens to human hosts can generate novel agents, but the genetic events following such host jumps are not well studied. Here we characterize the mechanisms driving adaptive evolution of the emerging zoonotic pathogen Bordetella hinzii in a patient with interleukin-12 receptor β1 deficiency. Genomic sequencing of 24 B. hinzii isolates cultured from blood and stool over 45 months revealed a clonal lineage that had undergone extensive within-host genetic and phenotypic diversification. Twenty of 24 isolates shared an E9G substitution in the DNA polymerase III ε-subunit active site, resulting in a proofreading deficiency. Within this proofreading-deficient clade, multiple lineages with mutations in DNA repair genes and altered mutational spectra emerged and dominated clinical cultures for more than 12 months. Multiple enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and gluconeogenesis pathways were repeatedly mutated, suggesting rapid metabolic adaptation to the human environment. Furthermore, an excess of G:C > T:A transversions suggested that oxidative stress shaped genetic diversification during adaptation. We propose that inactivation of DNA proofreading activity in combination with prolonged, but sub-lethal, oxidative attack resulting from the underlying host immunodeficiency facilitated rapid genomic adaptation. These findings suggest a fundamental role for host immune phenotype in shaping pathogen evolution following zoonotic infection.
RNase κ promotes robust piRNA production by generating 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate-containing precursors
Authors: Shigematsu Megumi , Kawamura Takuya , Morichika Keisuke , Izumi Natsuko , Kiuchi Takashi , Honda Shozo , Pliatsika Venetia , Matsubara Ryuma , Rigoutsos Isidore , Katsuma Susumu , Tomari Yukihide , Kirino Yohei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn animal germlines, PIWI proteins and the associated PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) protect genome integrity by silencing transposons. Here we report the extensive sequence and quantitative correlations between 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate-containing RNAs (cP-RNAs), identified using cP-RNA-seq, and piRNAs in the Bombyx germ cell line and mouse testes. The cP-RNAs containing 5′-phosphate (P-cP-RNAs) identified by P-cP-RNA-seq harbor highly consistent 5′-end positions as the piRNAs and are loaded onto PIWI protein, suggesting their direct utilization as piRNA precursors. We identified Bombyx RNase Kappa (BmRNase κ) as a mitochondria-associated endoribonuclease which produces cP-RNAs during piRNA biogenesis. BmRNase κ-depletion elevated transposon levels and disrupted a piRNA-mediated sex determination in Bombyx embryos, indicating the crucial roles of BmRNase κ in piRNA biogenesis and embryonic development. Our results reveal a BmRNase κ-engaged piRNA biogenesis pathway, in which the generation of cP-RNAs promotes robust piRNA production.
Therapeutic manipulation of IKBKAP mis-splicing with a small molecule to cure familial dysautonomia
Authors: Ajiro Masahiko , Awaya Tomonari , Kim Young Jin , Iida Kei , Denawa Masatsugu , Tanaka Nobuo , Kurosawa Ryo , Matsushima Shingo , Shibata Saiko , Sakamoto Tetsunori , Studer Lorenz , Krainer Adrian R. , Hagiwara Masatoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractApproximately half of genetic disease-associated mutations cause aberrant splicing. However, a widely applicable therapeutic strategy to splicing diseases is yet to be developed. Here, we analyze the mechanism whereby IKBKAP-familial dysautonomia (FD) exon 20 inclusion is specifically promoted by a small molecule splice modulator, RECTAS, even though IKBKAP-FD exon 20 has a suboptimal 5′ splice site due to the IVS20 + 6 T > C mutation. Knockdown experiments reveal that exon 20 inclusion is suppressed in the absence of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 6 (SRSF6) binding to an intronic splicing enhancer in intron 20. We show that RECTAS directly interacts with CDC-like kinases (CLKs) and enhances SRSF6 phosphorylation. Consistently, exon 20 splicing is bidirectionally manipulated by targeting cellular CLK activity with RECTAS versus CLK inhibitors. The therapeutic potential of RECTAS is validated in multiple FD disease models. Our study indicates that small synthetic molecules affecting phosphorylation state of SRSFs is available as a new therapeutic modality for mechanism-oriented precision medicine of splicing diseases.