bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe methanol poisoning treated with a novel hemodialysis system: a case report, analysis, and review
Authors: Illescas Alisa C. , Argyropoulos Christos P. , Combs Sara A. , Shaffi Saeed K. , Xu Zhi Q. , Aragon Michael A. , Teixeira J. Pedro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn May and June 2020, an outbreak of methanol poisoning arose in the southwest United States linked to ingestion of contaminated hand sanitizer imported during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, ultimately resulting in over a dozen hospitalizations and at least four deaths in New Mexico and Arizona. In this report, we describe one of these cases in which profound methanol intoxication was successfully treated with the Tablo® Hemodialysis System, the first reported case of toxic alcohol poisoning treated with this novel device. We carry out a formal regression analysis of the serial methanol levels obtained in this case to conservatively estimate that intermittent hemodialysis with Tablo achieved a clearance of methanol of 239 mL/min (95% confidence interval, 173–305 mL/min), a clearance that is well within the previously published standard of care. We conclude by reviewing both the treatment of toxic alcohol poisoning and the determinants of small molecule clearance with hemodialysis, emphasizing the importance of optimizing the dialytic treatment of intoxications with extended treatment times and the use of high-efficiency dialyzers.
Role of contrast-enhanced FLAIR MRI in diagnosis of intracranial lesions
Authors: Mustafa Wessam , Ali Sherif , Elgendy Nadia , Salama Samer , El Sorogy Lamiaa , Mohsen Mohamed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
MR imaging plays a significant role in detection and characterization of different brain diseases. The role of the post-contrast T1-weighted image magnetic resonance imaging (T1W MRI) sequence has been widely established in previous studies and clinical practice. In this study, we aim to share our experience as regards the added value of contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE-FLAIR) sequence in the diagnosis of various intracranial pathological conditions and evaluate its usefulness in comparison with post-contrast T1W images.

Results
Based on the final radiological diagnosis, the total cases were subdivided into three categories, and the majority of our cases were tumors (81.2%), followed by multiple sclerosis (11.8%), and the least was central nervous system infection (7.1%). CE-FLAIR showed superior enhancement in 35 cases (50.7) and equal enhancement in 25 cases (36.3%). However, it showed less enhancement than post-contrast T1W images in 9 cases (13%). Excellent inter-observer agreement (97.65%) was noted. Regarding lesion conspicuity, good delineation was found in the majority of cases (64.7%), fair delineation in 12.9%, and no delineation in 22.4%. A statistically significant difference was found in signal intensity of lesion between pre- and post-contrast FLAIR sequences. Contrast to background ratio was statistically significant in CE FLAIR images in comparison to CE T1 images.

Conclusion
CE-FLAIR imaging should be used as a routine or adjunctive sequence to CE-T1WI to enhance early detection and increase the diagnostic confidence in MRI examination of different brain pathological conditions.
Combining Ixazomib With Subcutaneous Rituximab and Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia: Final Analysis of the Phase I/II HOVON124/ECWM-R2 Study
Authors: Kersten Marie José , Amaador Karima , Minnema Monique C. , Vos Josephine M. I. , Nasserinejad Kazem , Kap Marcel , Kastritis Efstathios , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Kraan Willem , Chamuleau Martine E. D. , Deeren Dries , Tick Lidwine W. , Doorduijn Jeanette K. , Offner Fritz , Böhmer Lara H. , Liu Roberto D. , Pals Steven T. , Dimopoulos Meletios A. 
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE Proteasome inhibitors are effective in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) but require parenteral administration and are associated with polyneuropathy. We investigated efficacy and toxicity of the less neurotoxic oral proteasome inhibitor ixazomib combined with rituximab, in patients with relapsed WM. METHODS We conducted a multicenter phase I/II trial with ixazomib, rituximab, and dexamethasone (IRD). Induction consisted of eight cycles IRD wherein rituximab was started in cycle 3, followed by rituximab maintenance. Phase I showed feasibility of 4 mg ixazomib. Primary end point for phase II was overall response rate (ORR [≥ minimal response]) after induction. RESULTS A total of 59 patients were enrolled (median age, 69 years; range, 46-91 years). Median number of prior treatments was 2 (range, 1-7); 70% had an intermediate or high WM-IPSS (International Prognostic Scoring System for WM) score. After eight cycles, ORR was 71% (42 out of 59) (14% very good partial response [PR], 37% PR, and 20% minor response). Depth of response improved until month 12 (best ORR 85% [50 out of 59]: 15% very good PR, 46% PR, and 24% minor response). Median duration of response was 36 months. The average hematocrit level increased significantly (0.33-0.38 L/L) after induction ( P < .001). After two cycles of ixazomib and dexamethasone, immunoglobulin M levels decreased significantly (median 3,700-2,700 mg/dL, P < .0001). Median time to first response was 4 months. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were not reached. After median follow-up of 24 months (range, 7.4-54.3 months), progression-free survival and overall survival were 56% and 88%, respectively. Toxicity included mostly grade 2 or 3 cytopenias, grade 1 or 2 neurotoxicity, and grade 2 or 3 infections. No infusion-related reactions or immunoglobulin M flare occurred with use of subcutaneous rituximab. Quality of life improved significantly after induction. In total, 48 patients (81%) completed at least six cycles of IRD. CONCLUSION Combination of IRD shows promising efficacy with manageable toxicity in patients with relapsed or refractory WM.
Physiological insight into the evolution of complex phenotypes: aerobic performance and the O2 transport pathway of vertebrates
Authors: Scott Graham R. , Dalziel Anne C. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Evolutionary physiology strives to understand how the function and integration of physiological systems influence the way in which organisms evolve. Studies of the O2 transport pathway – the integrated physiological system that transports O2 from the environment to mitochondria – are well suited to this endeavour. We consider the mechanistic underpinnings across the O2 pathway for the evolution of aerobic capacity, focusing on studies of artificial selection and naturally selected divergence among wild populations of mammals and fish. We show that evolved changes in aerobic capacity do not require concerted changes across the O2 pathway and can arise quickly from changes in one or a subset of pathway steps. Population divergence in aerobic capacity can be associated with the evolution of plasticity in response to environmental variation or activity. In some cases, initial evolutionary divergence of aerobic capacity arose exclusively from increased capacities for O2 diffusion and/or utilization in active O2-consuming tissues (muscle), which may often constitute first steps in adaptation. However, continued selection leading to greater divergence in aerobic capacity is often associated with increased capacities for circulatory and pulmonary O2 transport. Increases in tissue O2 diffusing capacity may augment the adaptive benefit of increasing circulatory O2 transport owing to their interactive influence on tissue O2 extraction. Theoretical modelling of the O2 pathway suggests that O2 pathway steps with a disproportionately large influence over aerobic capacity have been more likely to evolve, but more work is needed to appreciate the extent to which such physiological principles can predict evolutionary outcomes.
Soft tissue deformations explain most of the mechanical work variations of human walking
Authors: van der Zee Tim J. , Kuo Arthur D. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Humans perform mechanical work during walking, some by leg joints actuated by muscles, and some by passive, dissipative soft tissues. Dissipative losses must be restored by active muscle work, potentially in amounts sufficient to cost substantial metabolic energy. The most dissipative, and therefore costly, walking conditions might be predictable from the pendulum-like dynamics of the legs. If this behavior is systematic, it may also predict the work distribution between active joints and passive soft tissues. We therefore tested whether the overall negative work of walking, and the fraction owing to soft tissue dissipation, are both predictable by a simple dynamic walking model across a wide range of conditions. The model predicts whole-body negative work from the leading leg's impact with the ground (termed the collision), to increase with the squared product of walking speed and step length. We experimentally tested this in humans (N=9) walking in 26 different combinations of speed (0.7–2.0 m s−1) and step length (0.5–1.1 m), with recorded motions and ground reaction forces. Whole-body negative collision work increased as predicted (R2=0.73), with a consistent fraction of approximately 63% (R2=0.88) owing to soft tissues. Soft tissue dissipation consistently accounted for approximately 56% of the variation in total whole-body negative work, across a wide range of speed and step length combinations. During typical walking, active work to restore dissipative losses could account for 31% of the net metabolic cost. Soft tissue dissipation, not included in most biomechanical studies, explains most of the variation in negative work of walking, and could account for a substantial fraction of the metabolic cost.
Exploring the growth process of successors in long-lived small and medium-sized manufacturing companies: a qualitative study
Authors: Suzuki Hiroo , Kino Yasunobu 
Published: August 2021

Background: Japan is the world's largest country in terms of the number of long-lived companies, the majority of which are family-owned small and medium-sized enterprises. On the other hand, many business owners will be retiring without successors, and the closure of these small and medium enterprises may have a significant impact on the future economy. The purpose of this study is to explore the growth process of successors in long-lived small and medium-sized manufacturing companies so that potential successors can know what they will experience as managers and be prepared for the future, and professionals who support successors can be provided with information on the growth process of successors to provide appropriate support. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six successors of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies that are more than half a century old. Their answers were analyzed using the modified grounded theory approach to construct a hypothetical model. Results: In total, 46 concepts, four categories, 17 subcategories, and one core category with an analysis result diagram were formed. The diagram shows the successors gained confidence in management through the dilemma between autonomy and constraint in the early stage of succession, which was found in previous research. Following the initial stage, the successors responded to the crisis caused by market constraints such as being stuck in a new market, unreasonable treatment from customers, and created autonomous strategies in their businesses. Conclusions: By experiencing repetitive crises, the successors tend to acquire new perspectives toward the naturally occurring crises. This change of premise by the successors is considered as the process of double-loop learning. Relationships inside and outside the company influence the generation of this viewpoint. From a long-term perspective, a sense of unity with employees, stable employment, and the pursuit of enjoyment constitute the successors' values in this model.
Empowering young immigrant girls in Canada through the ‘Girls’ Voices’ Curriculum: A qualitative study
Authors: Meherali Salima , Rehmani Mehnaz , Rafiq Arzoo , Punjani Neelam , Vallianatos Helen , Romeu Claudia 
Published: August 2021

Background: Gender inequality is a global issue. In Canada, 70% of women experience some form of inequality in their lifetime. Immigrant adolescents in Canada make up a substantial proportion of newcomers, and immigrant girls face the threat of subjugation and oppression, which has a significant impact on their health, development, and economic outcomes as well as gender inequality. Research on girls’ empowerment and resilience-building programs and interventions is virtually nonexistent. In this project, we implemented the ‘Girls’ Voices’ Curriculum. The aim of this project was to engage and empower South Asian (SA) immigrant adolescent girls and to promote gender equality in Canada. Methods: This study utilized a qualitative descriptive design. Pre- and post-curriculum implementation focus group discussions were conducted. Results: A total of 16 adolescent girls ranging from 11 to 18 years of age participated in this study. The participants described challenges many young girls face in relation to gender inequality such as gender discrimination, gendered stereotyping, barriers to education, etc. The ‘Girls’ Voices’ Curriculum allowed participants to highlight and reflect on the various problems faced by SA immigrant adolescents in their communities. The participants learned to examine these challenges through a variety of engaging activities to identify their root cause, effects and propose solutions to bring long-lasting change. The curriculum equipped them with useful tools such as decision-makers maps and advocacy skills to educate decision-makers by creating and delivering powerful messages influenced by personal stories and evidence-based literature. Conclusion: The study provided significant insight into understanding the diverse challenges encountered by SA immigrant adolescent girls in Canada and linking them to the effectiveness of the ‘Girls’ Voices’ Curriculum. The girl-focused development programs that emphasize developing self-confidence, communication skills, problem-solving skills, and decision making are effective in empowering the socially deprived adolescent girls locally and in the global context.
Cyclic fatigue resistance of four different nickel-titanium instruments in an artificial canal
Authors: Pham Khoa Van 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The objective of this study was to measure the number of cycles to fracture of four continuous or reciprocating rotary nickel-titanium instruments in different materials. Methods: A total of 40 nickel-titanium instruments were used for the present study. Instruments were divided into four groups (n=10): group 1, Revo-S SU; group 2, ProTaper Next X2; group 3, Reciproc R25; group 4, WaveOne Gold Primary. An artificial stainless-steel was used to test the cyclic fatigue of the instruments. The instruments were introduced into the stainless-steel canal, one at a time, until they reached the other end, then they were rotated inside the canal without in-out motion. The time from the beginning of instrument rotation until the occurrence of breakage was recorded. The number of rotated cycles to fracture of the instrument were calculated based on the revolutions per minute (rpm) of each instrument and the recorded rotated time. The mean number of cycles to fracture and standard deviations were calculated and statistically analysed. Results: The number of cycles to fracture of the Revo-S SU was the lowest, and that of the WaveOne Gold Primary was highest. Scanning electronic microscope images of fracture surfaces revealed the characteristics of fatigue. Conclusions: The number of cycles to fracture of the reciprocating WaveOne Gold Primary system was the highest amongst the tested instruments.
Personenmerkmale und Kommissionierleistungen bei Verwendung eines Pick-by-Watch-Assistenzsystems oder herkömmlicher Papierlisten
Authors: Gerpott Torsten J. , Kurt Ahmet 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Kommissionierung werden anstelle von Papierlisten (Pick-by-Paper) zunehmend digitale Assistenzsysteme (AS) eingesetzt. Hierzu gehören vernetzte Armbanduhren zur Weitergabe von Auftragsdaten an das Personal während es sich im Lager bewegt, um Produkte zu entnehmen (Pick-by-Watch [PbW]). Bislang hat die Forschung sich auf die ergonomische und technische Gestaltung von PbW-Systemen sowie ihre Leistung relativ zu anderen AS konzentriert. Kaum analysiert wurde, ob individuelle Merkmale von Kommissionierern (z. B. Alter) systematische Zusammenhänge mit Leistungsaspekten von AS aufweisen und solche Assoziationen bei verschiedenen AS voneinander abweichen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es deshalb, Korrelationen zwischen individuellen Merkmalen von Kommissionierern einerseits und Kommissionierleistungskriterien andererseits bei Verwendung eines PbW-Systems oder herkömmlicher Papierlisten empirisch zu bestimmen. Hierzu wurde ein Laborexperiment mit 55 Teilnehmern durchgeführt, für die fünf Dimensionen von Kommissionierleistungen jeweils für ein PbW-AS sowie Papierlisten und fünf personenbezogene Merkmale gemessen wurden. Die empirischen Befunde erweitern den Kenntnisstand zu Spielräumen und Grenzen der Leistungsbeeinflussung in der Kommissionierung durch Einarbeitungs- und Auswahlmaßnahmen, die auf soziodemographische und tätigkeitsbezogene Erfahrungsmerkmale der Aufgabenträger Bezug nehmen.
Requirements Engineering zur Umsetzung des OZG: Status quo, Fallstudie und Optimierungspotenziale zur Realisierung kommunalrelevanter OZG-Lösungen
Authors: Hogrebe Frank 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Gesetz zur Verbesserung des Onlinezugangs zu Verwaltungsleistungen (kurz: Onlinezugangsgesetz – OZG) aus dem Jahr 2017 fordert, dass öffentliche Verwaltungen ihre Verwaltungsleistungen bis Ende 2022 auch elektronisch zugänglich machen. Zur Umsetzung dieser gesetzlichen Forderung bilden adressatenspezifische Anforderungen wesentliche lösungsrelevante Grundlagen. Bund, Länder und Kommunen haben sich zur Umsetzung des OZG auf unterschiedliche Wege gemacht, wobei den Bundesländern mit ihren Kommunen, aufgrund des Umfangs an Verwaltungsleistungen hier eine Schlüsselrolle in Deutschland zukommt. Der Beitrag arbeitet heraus, welcher Rahmen für die Bundesländer bei der OZG-Umsetzung gilt und inwiefern adressatenspezifische Anforderungen dabei zu berücksichtigen sind. Auf Basis von Vergleichsergebnissen eines großen kommunalen IT-Zweckverbandes wird gezeigt, welche Optimierungspotenziale gehoben werden können, sofern adressatenspezifische Anforderungen bereits bei der Umsetzungskonzeption einbezogen werden. Abschließend werden Handlungsempfehlungen aufgezeigt, wie gewählte Umsetzungswege in den Bundesländern mit ihren Kommunen optimiert werden könnten. Der Beitrag adressiert sowohl Führungskräfte und OZG-Leitungskräfte in der Verwaltungspraxis als auch die wissenschaftliche Community in diesem hoch dynamischen Forschungsfeld.
Socioeconomic status and social relationships in persons with spinal cord injury from 22 countries: Does the countries’ socioeconomic development moderate associations?
Authors: Fekete Christine , Reinhardt Jan D. , Arora Mohit , Patrick Engkasan Julia , Gross-Hemmi Mirja , Kyriakides Athanasios , Le Fort Marc , Tough Hannah 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundSocial relationships are powerful determinants of health and inequalities in social relationships across socioeconomic status (SES) groups may contribute to social inequalities in health. This study investigates inequalities in social relationships in an international sample of persons with spinal cord injury and explores whether social gradients in relationships are moderated by the countries’ socioeconomic development (SED).MethodsData from 12,330 participants of the International SCI Community Survey (InSCI) performed in 22 countries were used. We regressed social relationships (belongingness, relationship satisfaction, social interactions) on individual SES (education, income, employment, financial hardship, subjective status) and countries’ SED (Human Development Index) using multi-level models (main effects). To test potential moderation of the SED, interaction terms between individual SES and countries’ SED were entered into multi-level models.ResultsPaid work, absence of financial hardship and higher subjective status were related to higher belongingness (OR, 95% CI: 1.50, 1.34–1.67; 1.76, 1.53–2.03; 1.16, 1.12–1.19, respectively), higher relationship satisfaction (OR, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.15–1.42; 1.97, 1.72–2.27; 1.20, 1.17–1.24, respectively) and fewer problems with social interactions (Coeff, 95% CI: 0.96, 0.82–1.10; 1.93, 1.74–2.12; 0.26, 0.22–0.29, respectively), whereas associations with education and income were less consistent. Main effects for countries’ SED showed that persons from lower SED countries reported somewhat higher relationship satisfaction (OR, 95% CI: 0.97, 0.94–0.99) and less problems with social interactions (Coeff, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.09- -0.003). Results from moderation analysis revealed that having paid work was more important for relationships in lower SED countries, while education and subjective status were more important for relationships in higher SED countries (interaction termsp<0.05).ConclusionSocial relationships in persons with spinal cord injury are patterned according to individual SES and the countries’ SED and larger socioeconomic structures partly moderate associations between individual SES and social relationships.
Psychological preparedness for pandemic (COVID-19) management: Perceptions of nurses and nursing students in India
Authors: Gandhi Sailaxmi , Sahu Maya , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Nattala Prasanthi , Gandhi Sangeetha , Sudhir Paulomi M. , Balachandran Rathi 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
The growing COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great threat to millions of people worldwide. Nurses and nursing students are an important group of health professionals who are most likely to face many challenges in this unprecedented scenario. The present study aimed at exploring nurses’ and nursing students’ perception of psychological preparedness for the pandemic (COVID-19) management.

Materials & methods
The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional online survey research design. Purposive sampling was used with an attempt to represent the entire nurses (i.e. nursing officers, nurse administrators and nursing teachers) and nursing students’ group of India. The survey link including the questionnaires was shared to their email ID and they were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected using Psychological Preparedness for Disaster Threat Scale (PPDTS)–Modified, General Self Efficacy (GSE) Scale, Optimism Scale and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRS). Totally 685 responses were received and 676 forms were completed which were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24).

Results
The mean age of the subjects was 31.72±9.58 years. Around 20% of the subjects previously had some kind of psychological training and 4% of the subjects had taken care of persons with COVID-19. Findings revealed that mean score for PPDTS, GSE, BRCS and Optimism was 73.44±10.82, 33.19±5.23, 16.79±2.73 and 9.61±2.26 respectively indicating that the subjects had moderate level of psychological preparedness, self-efficacy and resilience but higher level of optimism. Psychological preparedness, self-efficacy, optimism and resilience were positively correlated to each other. Self- efficacy, optimism, and resilience emerged as predictors of psychological preparedness.

Conclusion
The findings suggested that self-efficacy, optimism and resilience can be considered as predictors for psychological preparedness in pandemic management. Appropriate training could influence self-efficacy while programs addressing resilience and coping may strengthen psychological preparedness which can help in further management of ongoing pandemic.