bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precarious employment, strenuous working conditions and the long-term risk of diagnosed chronic musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Badarin Kathryn , Mangot-Sala Lluís , Matilla Santander Nuria , Kreshpaj Bertina , Hernando Rodríguez Julio César , Aronsson Amanda Emma , Kvart Signild , Thern Emelie , Gunn Virginia , Ostergren Per-Olof , Julia Mireia , Baron Sherry , Muntaner Carles , Wegman David H , Bodin Theo 
Published: December 2024

Objectives
To investigate the effect of precarious employment (PE) on the risk of diagnosed chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Swedish workers in occupations with strenuous working conditions.

Methods
This nationwide register-based cohort study included workers registered as living in Sweden in 2005, aged 21–60 at the 2010 baseline. Three samples were included: workers with high biomechanical workload (n=680 841), repetitive work (n=659 422) or low job control (n=703 645). PE was evaluated using the SWE-ROPE (2.0) construct, which includes: contractual insecurity, temporariness, multiple jobs, income and collective bargaining agreement from 2010. Three exposure groups were created: PE, substandard and standard employment (SE). MSD data were obtained from outpatient registers (2011–2020). Cox proportional-hazards models estimated crude and adjusted sex-specific HRs with 95% CIs. Various outcomes were investigated for the different samples.

Results
Among workers with heavy biomechanical workload, results suggest increased risks of back MSDs in PE compared with those in SE. No association was found between PE and tendonitis in repetitive work, but PE was associated with an increased Carpal Tunnel Syndrome risk among men. Among workers with low job control, PE was associated with increased risks of soft tissue disorders among men and fibromyalgia among women.

Conclusions
PE was associated with an increased risk of MSDs among workers with strenuous working conditions, with variations depending on disorder and sex. The findings suggest a differential exposure to biomechanical workload within occupations. Targeted interventions and strengthened workplace safety regulations are needed to protect the musculoskeletal health of workers in PE.
Anaemia, blood transfusions and survival in high-grade endometrial cancer: retrospective study
Authors: Foggin Hannah H. , Lambert Pascal , Tsang Lung Fung , Nachtigal Mark W. , Ibrahim Nourah , Robinson Christine , Roberts Lesley F. , Altman Alon D. 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo determine if anaemia and blood transfusions in the perioperative, chemotherapy and radiation treatment periods are associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in high-grade endometrial cancer.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined patients at a single centre treated for high-grade endometrial cancer (2010–2023). This included International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade 3 endometrioid, serous, carcinosarcoma, mixed, clear cell, mucinous, dedifferentiated and undifferentiated histology. Primary outcomes were OS and RFS. Predictor variables were nadir haemoglobin and transfusion status. Multivariable Cox regression models for OS and RFS analysed the associations of treatment period-specific anaemia, overall transfusion status and confounder variables.ResultsTwo hundred twenty-seven cases were included; 64–86% of patients were anaemic during any treatment, with 0–10% having severe anaemia. Twenty-two patients (9.7%) had at least one blood transfusion. Transfusion in the perioperative and chemotherapy periods was associated with poorer survival, significant only for shorter RFS in the chemotherapy cohort (HR 3.22, p=0.04). There was no association between anaemia and survival.ConclusionThis study is among the first to assess anaemia in treated patients with high-grade endometrial cancer and the associations of anaemia and blood transfusion with survival outcomes. Further larger studies are needed to strengthen evidence and guide transfusion policies.
Pre-post implementation policy support for warnings on cigarette filters in Canada among adults who smoke cigarettes
Authors: Hackworth Emily E , Petillo Samantha L , Sun Yanwen , Vidaña-Pérez Dèsirée , Moodie Crawford , Niederdeppe Jeff , Hammond David , Thrasher James F 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundCanada has become the first country in the world to require warnings to be displayed on cigarette sticks. Tobacco companies were given a transition period, from 30 April to 31 July 2024 to ensure that all king size cigarettes sold in the country included warnings on the filter of each cigarette stick. Warnings on the filter of regular size cigarettes will be implemented from April 2025.MethodsWe used an online panel provider to recruit an open cohort of adults in Canada who smoked factory-made or roll-your-own cigarettes. Seven waves of data were collected at 3-month intervals between February 2023 to August 2024, with 10 521 observations across 4310 participants. Participants were asked about support for the inclusion of warnings on cigarette filters, accompanied by an image of one of the six prescribed warnings (eg, ‘Cigarettes damage your organs’). Smoking behaviours and sociodemographic characteristics were also queried.ResultsGeneralised estimated equations were used to estimate support at each wave. At W1 (February 2023, prior to the policy announcement), 25% of participants reported supporting printed health messages on cigarette sticks, significantly increasing to 27% by W7 (August 2024, at the end of the implementation transition period). Participants were more likely to support the policy if they used other nicotine/tobacco products, roll-your-own cigarettes, had a recent quit attempt, intended to quit, or had higher risk perception of smoking harms, and less likely if they were older, female, white or reported greater reactance to warnings on cigarette packs.ConclusionJust as increased support has been found for a range of tobacco control policies post-implementation, we found increased support for warnings on cigarettes during the transition period. However, support for this policy among people who smoke remains low. Other countries considering implementing this policy may consider these findings.
RuMono: Fuzz Driver Synthesis for Rust Generic APIs
Authors: Zhang Yehong , Wu Jun , Xu Hui 
Published: December 2024

Fuzzing is a popular technique for detecting bugs, which can be extended to libraries by constructing executables that call library APIs, known as fuzz drivers. Automated fuzz driver synthesis has been an important research topic in recent years since it can facilitate the library fuzzing process. Nevertheless, existing approaches generally ignore generic APIs or simply treat them as non-generic APIs. As a result, they cannot generate effective fuzz drivers for generic APIs.
This paper explores the challenge of automating fuzz driver synthesis for Rust libraries with generic APIs. The problem is essential because Rust prioritizes security and generic APIs are widely employed in Rust libraries. We propose a novel approach and develop a prototype, RuMono, to tackle the problem. Our approach initially infers the API reachability from the generic API dependency graph, discovering the reachable and valid monomorphic APIs within the library. Further, we apply a similarity-based filter to eliminate redundant monomorphic APIs. Experimental results from 29 popular open-source libraries demonstrate that RuMono can achieve promising generic API coverage with a low rate of invalid fuzz drivers. Besides, we have identified 23 previously unknown bugs in these libraries, with 18 related to generic APIs.
High‐Throughput Shotgun Metagenomics of Microbial Footprints Uncovers a Cocktail of Noxious Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya
Authors: Khatiebi Sandra , Kiprotich Kelvin , Onyando Zedekiah , Mwaura John , Wekesa Clabe , Chi Celestine N. , Mulambalah Chrispinus , Okoth Patrick 
Published: December 2024

Background: A diverse range of pollutants, including heavy metals, agrochemicals, pharmaceutical residues, illicit drugs, personal care products, and other anthropogenic contaminants, pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. The Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, heavily impacted by surrounding human activities, faces potential contamination from these pollutants. However, studies exploring the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the lake remain limited. In the current study, a shotgun metagenomics approach was employed to identify ARGs and related pathways. Genomic DNA was extracted from water and sediment samples and sequenced using the high‐throughput Illumina NovaSeq platform. Additionally, phenotypic antibiotic resistance was assessed using the disk diffusion method with commonly used antibiotics.Results: The analysis of metagenomes sequences from the Gulf ecosystem and Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) revealed worrying levels of ARGs in the lake. The study reported nine ARGs from the 37 high‐risk resistant gene families previously documented by the World Health Organization (WHO). Proteobacteria had the highest relative abundance of antibiotic resistance (53%), Bacteriodes (4%), Verrucomicrobia (2%), Planctomycetes Chloroflexi, Firmicutes (2%), and other unclassified bacteria (39%). Genes that target protection, replacement, change, and antibiotic‐resistant efflux were listed in order of dominance. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed antibiotic resistance to beta‐lactamase and vancomycin. Phenotypic resistance to vancomycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and penicillin was reported through the zone of inhibition.Conclusions: This study highlights that the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria in Kenya harbors a diverse array of antibiotic‐resistant genes, including those conferring multidrug resistance. These findings suggest that the Gulf could be serving as a reservoir for more antibiotic‐resistant genes, posing potential risks to both human health and aquatic biodiversity. The insights gained from this research can guide policy development for managing antibiotic resistance in Kenya.
Red Meat, Poultry, and Fish Consumption and the Risk of Liver Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 0.5 Million Chinese Adults
Authors: Wang Chun-Rui , Cai Dong , He Kun , Hu Jie-Jun , Dai Xin , Zhu Qian , Zhong Guo-Chao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Epidemiological evidence on meat consumption and liver cancer risk is limited and inconclusive; moreover, no prospective study has been conducted to investigate this association in China. Hence, we performed this study to examine the association of red meat, poultry, and fish consumption with the risk of liver cancer in a Chinese population.

Methods:
A total of 510,048 Chinese adults of ages 30 to 79 years were included and were followed up through December 31, 2016. Red meat, poultry, and fish consumption was evaluated using an interviewer-administered laptop-based questionnaire. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for liver cancer incidence were calculated using Cox regression.

Results:
Over a mean follow-up of 9.94 years, 1,906 liver cancer cases were observed. Each 50 g/day increase in red meat (HR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.49–1.05), poultry (HR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.83–1.03), and fish (HR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.85–1.05) consumption was not associated with the risk of liver cancer in the whole study population; however, subgroup analysis revealed an inverse association with poultry consumption in rural residents but not in urban residents (Pinteraction = 0.046). The initial associations did not change materially in a series of sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions:
Red meat and fish consumption is not associated with the risk of liver cancer in this Chinese population. The inverse association with poultry consumption in Chinese rural residents should be interpreted with caution.

Impact:
This is the first prospective study examining the association between meat consumption and the risk of liver cancer in the Chinese population.
A Prospective Trial of Biomarker-Guided Surveillance for HPV-Positive Oropharynx Cancer Using Plasma Tumor Tissue–Modified Viral HPV DNA
Authors: Rettig Eleni M. , Schoenfeld Jonathan D. , Miller Julianna , Sargent Bethany , Carey Evan , Margalit Danielle N. , Sehgal Kartik , Sethi Rosh K.V. , Uppaluri Ravindra , Tishler Roy B. , Goguen Laura A. , Annino Donald J. , Sim Edward S. , Jo Vickie Y. , Wong Kristine S. , Guenette Jeffrey P. , Haddad Robert I. , Hanna Glenn J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Observational studies suggest circulating tumor human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA may facilitate early detection of recurrent HPV-positive oropharynx cancer. We prospectively investigated whether biomarker-guided surveillance detects recurrence earlier than the standard-of-care methods.

Patients and Methods:
We enrolled patients evaluated for HPV-positive oropharynx cancer at a single center from November, 2020, to April, 2023, undergoing curative-intent treatment in a single-arm cohort study. Pretreatment plasma and/or tumor tissue were tested for tumor tissue–modified viral (TTMV) HPV DNA from HPV subtypes 16/18/31/33/35 using a droplet digital PCR–based commercial assay. Posttreatment plasma TTMV was assessed periodically. Detectable/indeterminate tests prompted imaging. The primary outcome was the proportion of recurrences first detected by TTMV.

Results:
Median follow-up was 23 months, with median six posttreatment TTMV tests for 155 subjects. Fifteen subjects (9%) experienced recurrence. Among these, six [40%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 16%–68%] were “early true-positives,” for whom TTMV detection predated and prompted the imaging and clinical workup that diagnosed recurrence (median lead time = 132 days; range = 47–280). Another five subjects (33%) were “confirmatory true-positives,” for whom detectable TTMV confirmed suspicious standard-of-care imaging findings. Finally, four subjects (27%) with recurrence had undetectable TTMV at diagnosis (“false-negatives”). False-negatives had low or undetectable pretreatment TTMV, and 2/4 had non-HPV16 genotypes. Finally, three subjects had prolonged detectable TTMV without disease (“false-positives”); all had immunologic comorbidities. Overall, the sensitivity of TTMV for recurrence was 73% (95% CI = 45%–92%). Among 117 subjects with HPV16 and detectable pretreatment TTMV, sensitivity was higher (91%, 95% CI = 59%–100%).

Conclusions:
TTMV-guided surveillance facilitates early detection of many HPV-positive oropharynx cancer recurrences, with the highest sensitivity for HPV16 and detectable pretreatment TTMV. Clinical implementation should be carefully informed by the limitations described in this study.
Pan-KRAS Inhibitors BI-2493 and BI-2865 Display Potent Antitumor Activity in Tumors with KRAS Wild-type Allele Amplification
Authors: Tedeschi Antonio , Schischlik Fiorella , Rocchetti Francesca , Popow Johannes , Ebner Florian , Gerlach Daniel , Geyer Antonia , Santoro Valeria , Boghossian Andrew S. , Rees Matthew G. , Ronan Melissa M. , Roth Jennifer A. , Lipp Jesse , Samwer Matthias , Gmachl Michael , Kraut Norbert , Pearson Mark , Rudolph Dorothea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
KRASG12C selective inhibitors, such as sotorasib and adagrasib, have raised hopes of targeting other KRAS-mutant alleles in patients with cancer. We report that KRAS wild-type (WT)–amplified tumor models are sensitive to treatment with the small-molecule KRAS inhibitors BI-2493 and BI-2865. These pan-KRAS inhibitors directly target the “OFF” state of KRAS and result in potent antitumor activity in preclinical models of cancers driven by KRAS-mutant proteins. In this study, we used the high-throughput cellular viability Profiling Relative Inhibition Simultaneously in Mixtures assay to assess the antiproliferative activity of BI-2493 in a 900+ cancer cell line panel, expanding on our previous work. KRAS WT–amplified cancer cell lines, with a copy number &gt;7, were identified as the most sensitive, across cell lines with any KRAS alterations, to our pan-KRAS inhibitors. Importantly, our data suggest that a KRAS “OFF” inhibitor is better suited to treat KRAS WT–amplified tumors than a KRAS “ON” inhibitor. KRAS WT amplification is common in patients with gastroesophageal cancers in which it has been shown to act as a unique cancer driver with little overlap to other actionable mutations. The pan-KRAS inhibitors BI-2493 and BI-2865 show potent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo in KRAS WT–amplified cell lines from this and other tumor types. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that direct pharmacologic inhibition of KRAS shows antitumor activity in preclinical models of cancer with KRAS WT amplification, suggesting a novel therapeutic concept for patients with cancers bearing this KRAS alteration.
Effects of a Digital Intervention to Improve DASH and Blood Pressure Among US Adults
Authors: Miller Hailey N. , Askew Sandy , Berger Miriam B. , Kay Melissa C. , Palipana Anushka , Trefney Elizabeth , Blackman Carr Loneke T. , Barnes Cherie , Tyson Crystal C. , Svetkey Laura P. , Shaw Ryan , Steinberg Dori M. , Yang Qing , Bennett Gary G. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is a recommended first-line treatment for adults with hypertension, yet adherence to DASH is low. To evaluate the efficacy of a digital health intervention (DHI), compared with attention control, on changes in DASH adherence and blood pressure among adults with hypertension.

METHODS:
Nourish was a 12-month, parallel, 2-arm, randomized controlled trial of a virtually delivered DHI. Participants had a previous diagnosis of hypertension. The primary outcome was a 6-month change in DASH adherence. The secondary outcome was a change in blood pressure. We used linear mixed models to compare 6 and 12-month changes in DASH adherence, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure.

RESULTS:

Nourish randomized 301 adults who averaged 54.4 (SD, 13.4) years and predominately identified as female (65%), White (53%), or Black (31%). Adjusted mean baseline DASH score was 2.30 (95% CI, 2.03–2.58). The adjusted mean baseline systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 123.2 (95% CI, 119.5–126.9) and 77.1 (95% CI, 74.6–79.6) mm Hg. DASH score change was not significantly different between arms at 6 months (
M
diff
, 0.02 [95% CI, −0.37 to 0.40]). Yet, DHI participants had significantly greater 12-month changes in DASH score, relative to control (
M
diff
, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.16–1.08]). Between-group differences in 6-month changes were insignificant for systolic blood pressure and marginally significant for diastolic blood pressure, despite the DHI group showing significant blood pressure reductions from baseline.

CONCLUSIONS:
A DHI led to modest improvements in DASH and blood pressure among adults with hypertension but did not outperform the attention control. Further research is needed to understand the utility of DHIs to promote DASH and identify intervention components that support long-term behavior change.
Can Observation Targeting Be a Wild Goose Chase? An Adjoint-Sensitivity Study of a U.S. East Coast Cyclone Forecast Bust
Authors: Lloveras Daniel J. , Doyle James D. , Durran Dale R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Efforts to improve midlatitude-cyclone forecasts by deploying supplemental observations in localized target regions often fall short of expectations. We consider a potential contributing factor to these underwhelming results by investigating the initial-condition sensitivity of the 15 November 2018 East Coast cyclone forecast bust. We use a moist adjoint model to compute the initial-condition perturbations that minimize the large 48–72-h synoptic-scale forecast errors associated with this storm. The adjoint-optimal perturbations, which have maximum amplitudes of about 2 K in temperature and 1 m s−1 in horizontal wind speed, are widespread, extending throughout the troposphere and along a ridge–trough pattern covering much of North America. We investigate the most impactful components of the perturbations by truncating them in physical and spectral space and rescaling them to be equal in a domain-integrated energy norm to the full, unmodified perturbations. When the perturbations are confined to a localized target region of strongest sensitivity, they have weaker impacts on the forecast than when the perturbations within the target region are removed and the rest of the perturbations are retained. Additionally, when the perturbations are filtered to retain only wavelengths longer than 1000 km, they have stronger impacts on the forecast than when the perturbations are filtered to retain only wavelengths shorter than 1000 km. These results suggest that midlatitude-cyclone forecast improvements from targeted observations can be overwhelmed by smaller-amplitude but widespread and large-scale initial-condition sensitivities outside of the target region.

Significance Statement
Poor forecasts of midlatitude cyclones can cause tremendous socioeconomic disruption via unexpected heavy precipitation and damaging winds. One approach to improving these forecasts involves targeting observations in localized regions where initial-condition errors are expected to be most harmful to forecast accuracy. These efforts are expensive, yet they typically produce only minor forecast improvements. By examining a recent poorly forecast midlatitude cyclone, we find that a potential contributing factor to these underwhelming results is that small, but widespread changes to the initial state can be more impactful than the big, but localized changes that targeting is designed to make. This suggests that efforts to reduce initial-condition errors over broad areas can be more economical for improving midlatitude-cyclone forecasts than targeted observations.