bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data reduction algorithm for correlated data in the smart grid
Authors: Pourmirza Zoya , Walker Sara , Brooke John 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSmart grids are intelligent electrical networks that incorporate information and communication technology (ICT) to provide data services for the power grid. In this paper, the ICT requirements for monitoring and control of the neighbourhood area network level of the smart grid, with particular emphasis on making the ICT infrastructure energy efficient, are analysed. One approach to provide energy efficiency in the communication system is to develop a data reduction algorithm to reduce the volume of data prior to transmission. Thus, a data compression technique called DRACO (data reduction algorithm for correlated data) that shows a reasonable compression ratio while using network resources efficiently is designed and developed. DRACO can be applied to data with a high data sampling rate, and can transmit the essential information with compression ratios of 70%–99%. The results of applying DRACO on real data collected by devices located in the University of Manchester campus are discussed, followed by the evaluation and validation of DRACO by comparing it with other available techniques. Finally, it is concluded that DRACO is suitable for smart grid applications since it optimizes the network resource consumption and reduces the communication energy cost while maintaining the integrity and quality of data.
Pitch-angle distribution of accelerated electrons in 3D current sheets with magnetic islands
Authors: Zharkova V. , Xia Q. 
Published: February 2021

Aims. This research aims to explore variations of electron pitch-angle distributions (PADs) during spacecraft crossing of reconnecting current sheets (RCSs) with magnetic islands. Our results can benchmark the sampled characteristic features with realistic PADs derived from in situ observations.
Methods. Particle motion is simulated in 2.5D Harris-type RCSs using the particle-in-cell method and considering the plasma feedback to electromagnetic fields induced by accelerated particles. We evaluate particle energy gains and PADs in different locations with virtual spacecraft passing the current sheet while moving in the different directions. The RCS parameters are comparable to heliosphere and solar wind conditions.
Results. The energy gains and the PADs of particles would change depending on the specific topology of the magnetic fields. In addition, the observed PADs also depend on the crossing paths of the spacecraft. When the guiding field is weak, the bi-directional electron beams (strahls) are mainly present inside the islands and are located just above or below the X-nullpoints in the inflow regions. The magnetic field relaxation near the X-nullpoint alters the PADs towards 90°. As the guiding field becomes larger, the regions with bi-directional strahls are compressed towards small areas in the exhausts of RCSs. Mono-directional strahls are quasi-parallel to the magnetic field lines near the X-nullpoint due to the dominant Fermi-type magnetic curvature-drift acceleration. Meanwhile, the high-energy electrons confined inside magnetic islands create PADs of around 90°.
Conclusions. Our results link the electron PADs to local magnetic structures and the directions of spacecraft crossings. This can help to explain a variety of the PAD features reported in recent observations in the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere.
Experimental study of loop shape using 0.025-inch ERCP guidewires (with videos)
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Ueno Saori , Okuda Atsushi , Nishioka Nobu , Yamada Tadahiro , Yamada Masanori , Ueshima Kazuya , Matsuno Jun , Yamamoto Yoshitaro , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and study aims Duct penetration by the guidewire sometimes occurs during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, which might lead to adverse events such as acute pancreatitis. To prevent duct penetration, making a loop shape with the guidewire might provide a useful technique. The aim of this experimental study was thus to evaluate which types of guidewire can most easily form a loop shape.Methods This experimental study evaluated six guidewires (0.025-inch, angle type): MICHISUJI; VisiGlide 2; Jagwire; Pathcorse; RevoWave-α UltraHard 2; and M-through. Flexibility of the tip, shaft stiffness, and the ability to form a loop were evaluated for each type in an ex vivo model. Deformation behavior was also recorded on video, and factors suitable for making a loop shape in each guidewire were evaluated.Results Flexibility and stiffness of each guidewire differed significantly. During an experimental study regrading deformation behavior before forming a loop shape, maximum load was lower for MICHISUJI (6.8 g) than for other guidewires (Jagwire [11.3 g], M-through [12.9 g], VisiGlide 2 [12.9 g], Revowave [21 g], and Pathcorse [25.4 g]). Mean time required to achieve a loop shape was as follows: MICHISUJI, 6.2 seconds; M-through, 8.7 seconds; VisiGlide 2, 11.0 seconds; and Revowave, 7.1 seconds.Conclusion In conclusion, characteristics of flexibility and stiffness among guidewires were significantly different in the ex-vivo study. In the experimental study regrading deformation behavior until achieving a loop shape, maximum load also differed. To evaluate whether guidewires easily form a loop shape, clinical study is needed.
Outpatient ESD for challenging colorectal lesions: Is it feasible and safe for western countries?
Authors: Pecere Silvia , Barbaro Federico , Petruzziello Lucio , Papparella Luigi Giovanni , Napoli Marco , Boskoski Ivo , Costamagna Guido 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims The need for hospital beds during the COVID-19 pandemic almost overwhelmed the health care systems all over the world. Therefore, elective non-life-saving procedures were postponed. We decided to perform all colorectal endoscopic mucosal dissections (ESDs) for challenging lesions as outpatient procedures, organizing an ad hoc path to management of any delayed post-procedural complications. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and safety of outpatient ESD for colorectal tumors.
Patients and methods From March 2020 to May 2020, outpatient colorectal ESDs were performed for 15 challenging lesions. We retrospectively investigated feasibility and safety of the procedures, rates of en bloc resection, and complications rates.
Results The mean age of the patients was 66.5 years and 40 % of the them were on antiplatelet/anticoagulation therapy. Median size of removed lesions was 45 mm (range 32–77) and 38 mm (range 24 to 55) Five patients (33 %) had rectal tumors extending to the dentate line and four (26.6 %) were recurrences on a scar of previous endoscopic or surgical local resections. All complications, such as bleeding or visible microperforation, were managed endoscopically and no delayed perforations occurred. One patient had fever (37.5 °C), while three patients complained of anal pain after ESD for a rectal tumor that extended to the dentate line (RTDL); all patients were managed conservatively.
Conclusion Outpatient colorectal ESD is feasible and safe for challenging lesions. It reduces costs of hospitalization but direct access to the endoscopy service to manage potential post-ESD complications should always be guaranteed.
Checklist feasibility and impact in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Bitar Véronique , Martel Myriam , Restellini Sophie , Barkun Alan , Kherad Omar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aim Checklists prevent errors and have a positive impact on patient morbidity and mortality in surgical settings. Despite increasing use of checklists in gastrointestinal endoscopy units across many countries, a summary of cumulated experience is lacking. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the feasibility of successful checklist implementation in gastrointestinal endoscopy units and summarise the evidence of its impact on the commitment in safety culture.
Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed identifying the use of a checklist or time-out in endoscopy units from 1978 to January 2020 using OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases, with search terms related to checklist and endoscopy. We summarised overall adherence to checklists from included studies through a narrative synthesis, characterizing barriers and facilitators according to nurse and physician perspectives, while also summarizing safety endpoints.
Results The seven studies selected from 673 screened citations were highly heterogeneous in terms of methodology, context, and outcomes. Across five of these, checklist adherence rates post-intervention varied for both nurses (84 % to 96 %) and physicians (66 % to 95 %). Various facilitators (education, continued reassessment) and barriers (lack of safety culture, checklist completion time) were identified. Most studies did not report associations between checklist implementation and clinical outcomes, except for better team communication.
Conclusion Implementation of a gastrointestinal endoscopy checklist is feasible, with an understanding of relevant barriers and facilitators. Apart from a significant increase in the perception of team communication, evidence for a measurable impact attributable to gastrointestinal checklist implementation on endoscopic processes and safety outcomes is limited and warrants further study.
Incidence of Retinal Detachment after Macular Surgery
Authors: Grajewski Luise , Grajewski Olaf , Carstens Jens , Krause Lothar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMacular surgery has become an increasingly atraumatic procedure for the eye with the surgical methods that have been further developed in recent years. The most common complications include cystoid macular oedema and retinal detachment, more rarely endophthalmitis. The aim of this retrospective study is to record the number of retinal detachments following elective macular surgery. In this study we included all patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (ppV, 20 or 25 gauge) in the years 2009 – 2016. We then identified the patients who were hospitalised again because of retinal detachment. For the affected patients, the rate of retinal detachment, functional outcomes and possible risk factors were recorded. A total of 904 eyes were identified, of which 667 had surgery for epiretinal membrane, 188 for macular hole, and 49 for vitreomacular traction with a 20 or 25 gauge ppV. Of these 904, retinal detachment occurred in 17 (1.88%) cases. The mean time between first ppV
and second ppV with retinal detachment was 248 days (3 – 1837 days). Two of the 17 patients had at least one retinal break before or during surgery. The retinal break was located inferior in six cases, superior in four; in four cases PVR retinal detachment and in three cases the foramina were distributed. Mean visual acuity was 0.27 (decimal) before macular surgery and 0.28 at the time of last presentation. Modern vitrectomy techniques reduce the complications in elective macular surgery, but do not replace the surgeonʼs experience.
Evaluation of the Significance of Tear Ferning Patterns in beta-Thalassemia Patients
Authors: Fagehi Raied , Abbadi Ibrahim M. , Abusharha Ali , Alanazi Mana A. , Malhan Hafiz , El-Hiti Gamal A. , Masmali Ali M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAim This study was designed to evaluate the tear film in beta-thalassemia patients using tear ferning (TF) and phenol red thread (PRT) tests.Methods Forty beta-thalassemia patients, aged 18 – 38 years (25.7 ± 6.0 years), along with a control group of 40 age-matched subjects with healthy eyes completed the study. All subjects completed the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) first, followed by the TF and PRT tests with a 5-minute gap between the tests.Results Significant differences (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05) were observed between the beta-thalassemia and control groups in all scores. Among beta-thalassemia patients, OSDI scores indicated eye dryness in 35 subjects (87.5%). PRT showed dryness in 31 subjects (77.5%) in the right and left eyes, and the TF grades were ≥ 2 for the tears collected from 35 subjects (87.5%). There was a strong correlation (r = 0.851, p = 0.001) between the PRT measurements in the right and left eyes. There was a medium correlation between OSDI and TF scores (r = 0.309, p = 0.026) and between OSDI and age (r = 0.365, p = 0.010). Age had a moderate negative correlation (r = − 0.328, p = 0.019) with the PRT obtained from the right eye.Conclusion Significant ocular dryness symptom was observed in beta-thalassemia patients, based on the scores collected from TF and PRT tests. Beta-thalassemia patients develop dry eyes, possibly due to several factors, including reduced tear secretion. Therefore, it is important to regularly evaluate both the quality and quantity of tears in patients with beta-thalassemia.
Eletromiografia do músculo peitoral maior após reconstrução cirúrgica da ruptura crônica do tendão
Authors: Ejnisman Benno , Andreoli Carlos Vicente , Belangero Paulo Santoro , Komatsu William Ricado , Hipolide Debora Cristina , Pochini Alberto de Castro 
Published: February 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar a atividade eletrofisiológica do músculo peitoral maior (PM) lesionado de pacientes operados que realizam halterofilismo, mais especificamente exercícios de supino, especialmente a atividade das porções clavicular e esternocostal do PM.
Métodos Todos os atletas no estudo I (10 pacientes) tiveram rupturas completas unilaterais durante o exercício de supino, e tinham histórico de uso de esteroides anabolizantes, associação descrita em até 86,7% das rupturas tendinosas do PM. O grupo controle incluiu 10 homens sem lesão no tendão do PM que não realizaram exercícios de supino. Descrição do projeto transversal. Os valores de p foram obtidos por múltiplas comparações com a correção de Bonferroni.
Resultados Na comparação entre o grupo controle (C) e os halterofilistas durante o pós-operatório (POS), não foram encontradas diferenças nas medidas obtidas nas porções clavicular e esternocostal do músculo PM: nível médio clavicular (p = 0,847); desvio padrão (DP) clavicular (p = 0,777); área clavicular (p = 0,933); mediana da clavícula (p = 0,972); nível médio esternocostal (p = 0,633); DP esternocostal (p = 0,602); área esternocostal (p = 0,931); e mediana esternocostal (p = 0,633).
Conclusão Neste estudo, a atividade eletromiográfica do músculo PM em atletas de halterofilismo (exercício de supino) que foram submetidos a cirurgia esteve dentro dos parâmetros normais para as porções claviculares e esternocostais estudadas.
Barrier for Particle Dispersion Control During Mastoidectomy
Authors: Muniz Camila Rêgo , Pena Carlos Felype Oliveira , da Fonseca Marcio Ribeiro Studart , de Freitas Marcos Rabelo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction The China Health Authority alerted the World Health Organization (WHO) of several cases of pneumonia, and the WHO has declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) a global pandemic. Mastoidectomy is a high-risk aerosol generating procedure with the potential to expose the surgeon to infectious particles.
Objective Aim to develop a low-cost prototype for a barrier device that can be used during mastoidectomy.
Methods Describe the steps involved during otological emergency, requiring immediate surgical procedure, in untested patients. The Otorhinolaryngology Surgical Team of Walter Cantídio Hospital developed the barrier for particle dispersion presented here.
Results During surgery, the prototype did not compromise visualization of the surgical field and instrumentation. Microscope repositioning was not compromised or limited by tent Instrumentation and instrument pouch under the Microscope-Tent (MT) performed surgery. After surgery, the plastic sheet was removed simply, without requiring strength. Bone dust and irrigation droplets were collected on the tent.
Conclusion Our team developed and practiced, in an otologic emergency, a low-cost and reproducible barrier device that can be used in mastoidectomy in COVID-19 patients. Further tests on efficacy may be necessary.
Correlation between Serum Interleukin-17 level and Serum Reactive Oxygen Species levels among Children experiencing Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Abdelhafeez Marwa , Mohamed Noura Mostafa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction The detection of inflammatory mediators in the serum of children with have otitis media with effusion (OME) and their correspondence with clinical considerations may enable the use of a modern nonsurgical curative treatment for OME.Objective To determine the relation between interleukin-17 (IL-17) serum level and reactive oxygen species (ROS) serum levels in children suffering from OME and to disclose if any variation occurs in the level of IL-17 Will affect the ROS and antioxidant equilibrium in the serum, which indicates the entire body's reaction to OME.Methods The present study was a case-control study. A total of 24 children experienced OME, and 24 healthy controls were recruited.All participants in the study were subjected to a systematic clinical investigation including otoscopic, audiometric, and tympanometric examination. Also, venous blood samples were collected from all children to determine the levels of IL-17 and ROS.Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age ranges of the patients and the control group were 6.8 ± 2.7 and 6.2 ± 3.4 years, respectively. A stylistically significant difference in the levels of serum nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05) was detected between OME and control patients. No significant difference was found in serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) between OME and control patients. The serum levels of MDA, NO, and MPO positively correlated with the serum levels of IL-17 in OME patients.Conclusion In the present study, there is a reasonable role of the IL-17 pathway in OME pathogenesis through an increase in ROS levels.
Challenges in Management of Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies with Delayed Presentation: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Kaushal Darwin , Goyal Amit , Soni Kapil , Choudhury Bikram , Nair Nithin Prakasan , Kumar Prawin , Vaithankalath Sameema V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction Airway foreign bodies are emergencies involving multidisciplinary departments like Pediatrics, Aneasthesiology and Otorhinolaryngology. It is always a challenge to diagnose and manage patients who present late to our emergencies.
Objective In the present study, we aim to analyze the various challenges faced during the management of tracheobronchial foreign bodies with delayed presentation.
Methods A retrospective hospital record-based analysis of patients who presented to us with tracheobronchial foreign bodies from January 2017 to February 2020 was performed. All patients until the age of 16 years old were included in the present study. We assessed the demographics, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data of the patients.
Results Seventeen patients were analyzed in the study. Among these, 44.4% of the patients had delayed presentation (> 1 month). The majority of the patients had an organic foreign body (Supari or betel nut). All patients underwent rigid bronchoscopy, followed by optical forceps-assisted removal of the foreign body. A total of 82% of the patients had granulations around the foreign body.
Conclusion Management of delayed presentation tracheobronchial foreign body is a big challenge for Otorhinolaryngologists. The key factors for preventing complications in the definitive management of tracheobronchial foreign bodies are preoperative planning, multi-discipline teamwork, surgeon expertise and technique.
The Associations of Tonsillectomy with Adenoidectomy with Pneumonia and Appendicitis Based on National Sample Cohort Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service
Authors: Jeong Junhui , Choi Jung Kyu , Choi Hyun Seung , Hong Chang Eui , Shin Hyang Ae , Chang Jung Hyun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction The association between tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy (T&A) with appendicitis is controversial, and the association of T&A with pneumonia has not been investigated.
Objective To investigate the associations of T&A with pneumonia and appendicitis using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort.
Methods We selected patients between the ages of 3 and 10 years who had undergone T&A in 2005 and were monitored since the performance of the T&A until 2013. The control group was established to have similar propensities for demographic characteristics compared to the T&A group. For eight years after the T&A, the number of patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia, patients who were admitted due to pneumonia, and those who underwent appendectomy were analyzed. The risk factors for pneumonia and appendectomy were analyzed.
Results The number of pneumonia diagnoses was significantly higher in the T&A group than in the control group (p = 0.023), but there were no significant differences in the number of admissions due to pneumonia between the 2 groups (p = 0.155). Younger age and T&A were significant risk factors for the development of pneumonia. There were no significant differences in the number of appendectomies between the T&A and the control groups (p = 0.425), neither were there significant risk factors for appendectomy.
Conclusion Tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy was associated with an increase in pneumonia diagnoses, but it was not associated with the number of appendectomies. The associations of T&A with pneumonia and appendicitis were analyzed in this population-based study.
Factors Associated with Tobacco Cessation in Primary Health Care
Authors: Melnick Ricardo , Rech Gabriela Soares , Rech Rafaela Soares , Faustino-Silva Daniel Demétrio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction Cigarettes are the main cause of preventable death in the world, and primary health care services can contribute to the management of this habit.
Objective To describe and analyze the factors associated with tobacco cessation in groups of smokers in primary health care.
Methods The present is a cross-sectional study conducted in 12 primary health care units from July 2016 to May 2017. We investigated sociodemographic and health variables, as well as smoking characteristics and different interventions for tobacco cessation, with the outcome being studied and analyzed after the fourth group care session.
Results We evaluated 329 smokers, of which 182 quit smoking after the fourth interview. Most of the individuals who quit smoking were women (n = 121, 66.5%), with a monthly income of 2 to 5 minimum wages (n = 88, 77.9%). After the multivariable analysis, we observed that tobacco cessation was significantly associated with depression (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.02 to 1.22), as well as with belonging to the groups which used as approaches motivational interviewing (PR = 1.21; 95%CI = 1.13 to 2.01), patches (PR = 1.36; 95%CI = 1.24 to 1.48), and bupropion (PR = 1.16; 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.31).
Conclusion Primary health care is the ideal site for the reduction of smoking rates, given that different technologies may be applicable and useful for tobacco cessation. The comprehensiveness and longitudinal care offered in primary care may provide opportunities for health professionals to understand which is the best technology for each health system user, thus contributing to personalized care.