bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid Metabolism in the Development and Progression of Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Qin Qi , Yin Yunsi , Xing Yi , Wang Xuan , Wang Yan , Wang Fan , Tang Yi 
Published: November 2021

Background: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a major public health problem. The current diagnosis of VCI is made based on the assessment of clinical symptoms and neuropsychological measurements, and is supported by neuroimaging. These methods are both time-consuming and expensive, which leads to needs for alternative biomarkers for VCI. Metabolomics is an emerging and powerful tool to discover of new biomarkers of disease, which can investigate variations in different metabolic processes such as lipid, since the brain is highly enriched in lipids and that lipid changes may lead to pathology in the brain. Vascular cognitive impairment is vulnerable to the disturbance of lipid metabolism. Furthermore, blood samples, which could be identified as reliable clinical biomarkers are relatively convenient to obtain and provide a non-invasive assessment. Therefore, our study aims to understand whether peripheral lipid biomarkers can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and monitor the progression of VCI.Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and VIP databases to find VCI and lipid metabolism in reports from inception through February 2021. Studies meeting the following criteria were eligible: (1) original studies in humans; (2) lipid metabolites in blood; (3) reports of VCI.Results: Through our review, nine original articles were eligible. Blood-based metabolites that might be potential biomarkers were identified. Most of them including PC, PE, Cers, and ChEs were significantly lower, while elevation of FAs and DGs were associated with VCI. Most importantly, these blood-based metabolites might be proposed as potential biomarkers for VCI, which provides direction for further validation.Discussion and Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systemic review concerning the relationship of lipid metabolism and VCI. It identifies potential biomarkers and provides insights into the disease pathobiology. However, more advanced studies and researches on a lipidomic platform must be done to understand the exact pathology behind and identify potential lipid biomarkers, which might help achieve the goal of discovering novel therapeutics.
The Effects of Continuous vs. Intermittent Prism Adaptation Protocols for Treating Visuospatial Neglect: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Scheffels Jannik Florian , Korabova Sona , Eling Paul , Kastrup Andreas , Hildebrandt Helmut 
Published: November 2021

Visuospatial neglect may interfere with activities of daily living (ADL). Prism adaptation (PA) is one treatment option and may involve two components: recalibration (more strategic) and realignment (more implicit). We examined whether recalibration or realignment is the driving force in neglect rehabilitation using PA. In a randomized controlled trial with two recruitment series and a cross-over design, 24 neglect patients were allocated to a continuous (PA-c) or intermittent (PA-i) PA procedure. During the PA-c condition, goggles were worn without doffing. In the PA-i condition, patients donned goggles twice (first series of patients) or three times (second series) during training to induce more recalibrations. Primary outcome parameters were performance (omissions) on the Apples Cancellation Test and ADL scores. To assess the efficacy of the PA treatment, we compared effect sizes of the current study with those from three groups from previous studies at the same rehabilitation unit: (1) a passive treatment with a similar intensity, (2) a placebo treatment with a similar intensity, and (3) a PA treatment with fewer therapy sessions. Treatment conditions did not significantly predict scores on primary and most secondary outcome parameters. However, the spontaneous ipsilesional body orientation improved only in patients receiving the PA-i condition and this improvement also appeared in patients showing a strong after-effect (irrespective of condition). Effect sizes for the Apples Cancellation Test and the Functional Independence Measure were larger for both PA treatment protocols than the historical control groups. We conclude that more recalibrations during an intermittent PA treatment may have a beneficial effect on spontaneous body orientation but not on other aspects of neglect or on ADL performance.Clinical Trial Registration:German Clinical Trials Register, identifier: DRKS00018813, DRKS00021539.
Evaluation of Blood Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Potential Marker in Huntington's Disease
Authors: You Huajing , Wu Tengteng , Du Gang , Huang Yue , Zeng Yixuan , Lin Lishan , Chen Dingbang , Wu Chao , Li Xunhua , Burgunder Jean-marc , Pei Zhong 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is correlated with clinical severity of HD but relative data are the lack in the Chinese population. Reactive astrocytes are related to HD pathology, which predicts their potential to be a biomarker in HD progression. Our aim was to discuss the role of blood glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to evaluate clinical severity in patients with HD.Methods: Fifty-seven HD mutation carriers (15 premanifest HD, preHD, and 42 manifest HD) and 26 healthy controls were recruited. Demographic data and clinical severity assessed with the internationally Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) were retrospectively analyzed. Plasma NfL and GFAP were quantified with an ultra-sensitive single-molecule (Simoa, Norcross, GA, USA) technology. We explored their consistency and their correlation with clinical severity.Results: Compared with healthy controls, plasma NfL (p &lt; 0.0001) and GFAP (p &lt; 0.001) were increased in Chinese HD mutation carriers, and they were linearly correlated with each other (r = 0.612, p &lt; 0.001). They were also significantly correlated with disease burden, Total Motor Score (TMS) and Total Functional Capacity (TFC). The scores of Stroop word reading, symbol digit modalities tests, and short version of the Problem Behaviors Assessments (PBAs) for HD were correlated with plasma NfL but not GFAP. Compared with healthy controls, plasma NfL has been increased since stage 1 but plasma GFAP began to increase statistically in stage 2.Conclusions: Plasma GFAP was correlated with plasma NfL, disease burden, TMS, and TFC in HD mutation carriers. Plasma GFAP may have potential to be a sensitive biomarker for evaluating HD progression.
Chemical Compounds, Antioxidant Activities, and Inhibitory Activities Against Xanthine Oxidase of the Essential Oils From the Three Varieties of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Receptacles
Authors: Liu Xin-Sheng , Gao Bo , Dong Zhan-De , Qiao Zi-An , Yan Min , Han Wei-Wei , Li Wan-Nan , Han Lu 
Published: November 2021

Background/Aim: Essential oils of sunflower receptacles (SEOs) have antibacterial and antioxidant potential. However, the differences of biological activities from the different varieties of sunflowers have not been studied till now. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of chemical compounds, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory activities against xanthine oxidase (XO) of SEOs from the three varieties of sunflowers including LD5009, SH363, and S606.Methods: SEOs were extracted by using the optimal extraction conditions selected by response surface methodology (RSM). Chemical compounds of SEOs were identified from the three varieties of sunflowers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activities of SEOs were detected by 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and iron ion reduction ability. Inhibitory activities of SEOs against XO were measured by using UV spectrophotometer. XO inhibitors were selected from the main chemical compounds of SEOs by the high-throughput selections and molecular simulation docking.Results: The extraction yields of SEOs from LD5009, SH363, and S606 were 0.176, 0.319, and 0.580%, respectively. A total of 101 chemical compounds of SEOs were identified from the three varieties of sunflowers. In addition, the results of inhibitory activities against XO showed that SEOs can reduce uric acid significantly. Eupatoriochromene may be the most important chemical compounds of SEOs for reducing uric acid. The results of antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities against XO showed that SEOs of LD5009 had the strongest antioxidant and XO inhibitory activities. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r &gt; 0.95) showed that γ-terpinene, (E)-citral, and L-Bornyl acetate were highly correlated with the antioxidant activities and XO inhibitory ability.Conclusion: SEOs had antioxidant activities and XO inhibitory ability. It would provide more scientific information for utilization and selection of varieties of sunflowers, which would increase the food quality of sunflowers and incomes of farmers.
A Novel Clinical-Radiomics Model Based on Sarcopenia and Radiomics for Predicting the Prognosis of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma After Radical Hepatectomy
Authors: Deng Liming , Chen Bo , Zhan Chenyi , Yu Haitao , Zheng Jiuyi , Bao Wenming , Deng Tuo , Zheng Chongming , Wu Lijun , Yang Yunjun , Yu Zhengping , Wang Yi , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to establish a novel clinical-radiomics model for predicting the prognosis of ICC after radical hepatectomy.MethodsA clinical-radiomics model was established for 82 cases of ICC treated with radical hepatectomy in our hospital from May 2011 to December 2020. Radiomics features were extracted from venous-phase and arterial-phase images of computed tomography. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was generated to compare overall survival (OS) between different groups. The independent factors were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Nomogram performance was evaluated regarding discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. C-index and area under the curve (AUC) were utilized to compare the predictive performance between the clinical-radiomics model and conventional staging systems.ResultsThe radiomics model included five features. The AUC of the radiomics model was 0.817 in the training cohort, and 0.684 in the validation cohort. The clinical-radiomics model included psoas muscle index, radiomics score, hepatolithiasis, carcinoembryonic antigen, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. The reliable C-index of the model was 0.768, which was higher than that of other models. The AUC of the model for predicting OS at 1, and 3 years was 0.809 and 0.886, which was significantly higher than that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th staging system (0.594 and 0.619), radiomics model (0.743 and 0.770), and tumor differentiation (0.645 and 0.628). After stratification according to the constructed model, the median OS was 59.8 months for low-risk ICC patients and 10.1 months for high-risk patients (p &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionThe clinical-radiomics model integrating sarcopenia, clinical features, and radiomics score was accurate for prognostic prediction for mass-forming ICC patients. It provided an individualized prognostic evaluation in patients with mass-forming ICC and could helped surgeons with clinical decision-making.
Integrated CT Radiomics Features Could Enhance the Efficacy of 18F-FET PET for Non-Invasive Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Genotype Prediction in Adult Untreated Gliomas: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhou Weiyan , Huang Qi , Wen Jianbo , Li Ming , Zhu Yuhua , Liu Yan , Dai Yakang , Guan Yihui , Zhou Zhirui , Hua Tao 
Published: November 2021

PurposeWe aimed to investigate the predictive models based on O-[2-(18F)fluoroethyl]-l-tyrosine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FET PET/CT) radiomics features for the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genotype identification in adult gliomas.MethodsFifty-eight consecutive pathologically confirmed adult glioma patients with pretreatment 18F-FET PET/CT were retrospectively enrolled. One hundred and five radiomics features were extracted for analysis in each modality. Three independent radiomics models (PET-Rad Model, CT-Rad Model and PET/CT-Rad Model) predicting IDH mutation status were generated using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis based on machine learning algorithms. All-subsets regression and cross validation were applied for the filter and calibration of the predictive radiomics models. Besides, semi-quantitative parameters including maximum, peak and mean tumor to background ratio (TBRmax, TBRpeak, TBRmean), standard deviation of glioma lesion standardized uptake value (SUVSD), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion tracer uptake (TLU) were obtained and filtered for the simple model construction with clinical feature of brain midline involvement status. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was applied for the evaluation of the predictive models.ResultsThe AUC of the simple predictive model consists of semi-quantitative parameter SUVSD and dichotomized brain midline involvement status was 0.786 (95% CI 0.659-0.883). The AUC of PET-Rad Model building with three 18F-FET PET radiomics parameters was 0.812 (95% CI 0.688-0.902). The AUC of CT-Rad Model building with three co-registered CT radiomics parameters was 0.883 (95% CI 0.771-0.952). While the AUC of the combined 18F-FET PET/CT-Rad Model building with three CT and one PET radiomics features was 0.912 (95% CI 0.808-0.970). DeLong test results indicated the PET/CT-Rad Model outperformed the PET-Rad Model (p = 0.048) and simple predictive model (p = 0.034). Further combination of the PET/CT-Rad Model with the clinical feature of dichotomized tumor location status could slightly enhance the AUC to 0.917 (95% CI 0.814-0.973).ConclusionThe predictive model combining 18F-FET PET and integrated CT radiomics features could significantly enhance and well balance the non-invasive IDH genotype prediction in untreated gliomas, which is important in clinical decision making for personalized treatment.
Effect of Angiotensin–Neprilysin Versus Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibition on Renal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Ying , Chen Yang , Zhao Jia Wei , Li Chao , Wang Amanda Y 
Published: November 2021

Aims: We aim to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis examining randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan in patients on renal outcomes, in comparison with the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi).Methods: Eligible studies were retrieved on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane until September 2021. The primary outcome was the incidence of renal impairment, which was defined as the composite of increases in serum creatinine by &gt;0.3 mg/dl and/or a reduction in eGFR ≥25%, development of ESRD, or renal death. We pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or the mean difference with 95% CIs for the variables.Results: Our search yielded 10 randomized controlled trials with a total of 18,362 patients. Compared with RAASi treatment, patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan had lower incidence of composite renal impairment (10 studies, 18,362 patients, RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.72–0.96, p = 0.01; I2 = 22%), ESRD development (3 studies, 13,609 patients, RR 0.53; 95% CI 0.30–0.96, p = 0.03; I2 = 0%), drug discontinuation due to renal events (4 studies, 9,995 patients, RR 0.58; 95% CI 0.40–0.83, p = 0.003; I2 = 47%), severe hyperkalemia (6 studies, 16,653 patients, RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.68–0.93, p = 0.01; I2 = 25%) and a slower eGFR decline (4 studies, 13,608 patients, WMD 0.56; 95% CI 0.36–0.76, p &lt; 0.00001; I2 = 65%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that sacubitril/valsartan was associated with a lower incidence of renal impairment in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but not in those with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The superior renal function preservation of sacubitril/valsartan treatment was not associated with different baseline eGFR levels and follow-up duration. There was a smaller increase in the change in the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) (3 studies, 9,114 patients, SMD 0.06; 95% CI 0.02–0.10, p = 0.003; I2 = 14%) with sacubitril/valsartan treatment. However, patients with heart failure appeared to have increased microalbuminuria, not patients without HF (p = 0.80 for interaction).Conclusion: Sacubitril/valsartan was associated with a lower incidence of composite renal impairment especially in patients with HFpEF, but higher microalbuminuria in patients with heart failure (both HFrEF and HFpEF) compared with RAASi. The lower incidence of severe hyperkalemia and drug discontinuation due to renal events in patients with sacubitril/valsartan treatment demonstrated its superior safety compared with RAASi.
The Effect and Dose-Response of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Training on Spasticity in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fang Chia-Ying , Lien Angela Shin-Yu , Tsai Jia-Ling , Yang Hsiao-Chu , Chan Hsiao-Lung , Chen Rou-Shayn , Chang Ya-Ju 
Published: November 2021

Background: To investigate the effect and dose-response of functional electrical stimulation cycling (FES-cycling) training on spasticity in the individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).Method: Five electronic databases [PubMed, Scopus, Medline (Proquest), Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)] were searched before September 2021. The human trials and studies of English language were only included. Two authors independently reviewed and extracted the searched studies. The primary outcome measure was spasticity assessed by Modified Ashworth Scale or Ashworth Scale for lower limbs. The secondary outcome measures were walking abilities, such as 6 Min Walk Test (6MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and lower limbs muscle strength (LEMS). A subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the efficacious threshold number of training sessions. A meta-regression analysis was used to examine the linear relationship between the training sessions and the effect on spasticity.Results: A total of 764 studies were identified. After screening, 12 selected studies were used for the qualitative synthesis, in which eight of them were quantitatively analyzed. Eight studies included ninety-nine subjects in total with SCI (male: female = 83:16). The time since injury was from less than 4 weeks to 17 years. The age ranged from 20 to 67 years. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment level of the number of participants was 59 for ASIA A, 11 for ASIA B, 18 for ASIA C, and 11 for ASIA D. There were 43 subjects with tetraplegia and 56 subjects with paraplegia. Spasticity decreased significantly (95% CI = − 1.538 to − 0.182, p = 0.013) in favor of FES-cycling training. The walking ability and LEMS also improved significantly in favor of FES-cycling training. The subgroup analysis showed that spasticity decreased significantly only in more than 20 training sessions (95% CI = − 1.749 to − 0.149, p = 0.020). The meta-regression analysis showed training sessions and spasticity were not significantly associated (coefficient = − 0.0025, SE = 0.0129, p = 0.849, R2 analog = 0.37).Conclusion: Functional electrical stimulation-cycling training can improve spasticity, walking ability, and the strength of the lower limbs in the individuals with SCI. The number of training sessions is not linearly related to the decrease of spasticity. Twenty sessions of FES-cycling training are required to obtain the efficacy to decrease spasticity.
The Relationship Between Age and the Morphology of the Crystalline Lens, Ciliary Muscle, Trabecular Meshwork, and Schlemm’s Canal: An in vivo Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Li Zhangliang , Meng Ziqi , Qu Wenyong , Li Xiuyuan , Chang Pingjun , Wang Dandan , Zhao Yune 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of age on the morphologies of the crystalline lens, ciliary muscle (CM), Schlemm’s canal (SC), and trabecular meshwork (TM) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).Methods: Images of the crystalline lens and iridocorneal angle were obtained in healthy participants’ eyes using SS-OCT. Morphological parameters of the crystalline lens, CM, and TM/SC were measured, and the relationship between these parameters and age was evaluated.Results: A total of 62 healthy participants were enrolled, with an age range of 7–79 years. With adjustments for the effects of axial length and sex, both the nasal and temporal SC cross-sectional areas (CSA) and the cross-sectional area of the CM (CMA), distance from the scleral spur to the inner apex of the ciliary muscle (IA-SS), and nasal SC volume were negatively correlated with age (P ≤ 0.041). Meanwhile, the lens thickness (LT) (P &lt; 0.001) and lens vault (LV) (P &lt; 0.001) were positively correlated with age, and the radius of the curvature of the anterior lens (ALR) was negatively correlated with age (P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: Increasing age was associated with a thicker crystalline lens, a steeper anterior lens curvature, an anteriorly located and smaller CM, and a narrower SC.Clinical Trial Registration:https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/Select Protocol?sid=S000A3JZ&amp;selectaction=Edit&amp;uid=U00019K7&amp;ts=4&amp;cx=-c5xxp8, identifier [NCT04576884].