bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Three‐Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Method of Aerosol for the CMAQ Model: An Application for PM2.5 and PM10 Forecasts in the Sichuan Basin
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Zang Zengliang , Cheng Xinghong , Lu Chunsong , Huang Shunxiang , Hu Yiwen , Liang Yanfei , Jin Lubin , Ye Lei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA three‐dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation method for the aerosol variables of the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model was developed. This 3DVAR system uses PM2.5 and PM2.5‐10 (the difference between PM10 and PM2.5) as control variables and used the AERO6 aerosol chemical mechanism in the CMAQ model. Two parallel experiments (one with and one without data assimilation [DA]) were performed to evaluate the assimilating effects of surface PM2.5 and PM10 during a heavy haze episode from January 13 to 16, 2018 in the Sichuan Basin (SCB) region. The results show that simulations without DA clearly underestimated PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, and the analysis field with aerosol DA is skillful at fitting the observations and effectively improving subsequent forecasts of PM2.5 and PM10. For the analysis fields of PM2.5 and PM10 after DA comparing with those without DA, the correlation coefficient (CORR) of PM2.5 and PM10 increased by 0.59 and 0.65, the bias (BIAS) increased by 82.29 and 125.41 μg/m3, and the root mean square error (RMSE) declined by 73.69 and 116.30 μg/m3, respectively. Improvement of subsequent 24‐h forecasts of PM2.5 and PM10 with DA is also significant. Statistical results of forecasting improvement with DA indicated that the CORR, BIAS, and RMSE for PM2.5 and PM10 at 78% and 89% of stations in the SCB region are improved, respectively. From the perspective of assimilation duration time, the improvement of PM2.5 and PM10 can be maintained for ∼24 h.
Extraction of Multimodal Dispersion Curves From Ambient Noise With Compressed Sensing
Authors: Gao Lina , Zhang Wenqiang , Zhang Zhenguo , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe propose a compressed sensing (CS) method for extracting multimodes from ambient noise. We solve the CS inverse problem by using two methods: an l1‐based optimization algorithm and a Bayesian method. Synthetic and field data examples are conducted to validate our method. The dispersion curves extracted by our method are consistent with those extracted by the widely used frequency‐Bessel transform (F‐J) method, but our method is more efficient and can extract higher‐resolution spectrograms than the F‐J method. Our method can quickly and reliably extract multimodes from ambient noise, thereby facilitating studies of ambient noise tomography.
Azimuthal Variation of Lithospheric Heterogeneity in the Northwest Pacific Inferred From Po/So Propagation Characteristics and Anomalously Large Ground Motion of Deep In‐Slab Earthquakes
Authors: Furumura Takashi , Kennett Brian L. N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh‐frequency oceanic Pn/Sn (Po/So) phases (>2 Hz) recorded at ocean bottom seismometers in the northwest Pacific display strong azimuthal variations in propagation characteristics. In the direction parallel to former Pacific plate motion (N30°W), seismograms show a gentle rise at the onset of Po/So followed by large, long spindle‐shaped coda; Po has a low‐frequency (<0.25 Hz) precursor and much delayed high‐frequency signals, showing weak dispersion with frequency. For orthogonal propagation, the onset of Po/So rises sharply and bursts of Po reverberations in the seawater follow. These differences indicate a strong azimuthal dependence of the scattering waveguide effect of the oceanic lithosphere. Numerical simulations of seismic waves in three‐dimensional heterogeneous structures reveal that much of the observed Po/So propagation variability can be explained by laterally elongated fine‐scale heterogeneity in the oceanic lithosphere, with a correlation distance of 20 km in the direction parallel to the magnetic anomaly, and a much shorter correlation distance in the perpendicular and depth directions. The longer axis corresponds to the observed Pn/Sn‐wavespeed anisotropy in the northwest Pacific, so the heterogeneity pattern was also developed during the formation and growth of the Pacific plate; competing processes produce different styles of fine‐scale effects. The elongated heterogeneity distributions in the oceanic lithosphere are carried into the subducting Pacific slab allowing energy from deep‐focus earthquakes to propagate to large distances, producing observations of anomalously large ground motions in specific directions. The behavior can be matched with three‐dimensional simulation of high‐frequency wave propagation with a heterogeneous Pacific slab.
Hypomethylating agents (HMA) for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: mechanisms of resistance and novel HMA-based therapies
Authors: Stomper Julia , Rotondo John Charles , Greve Gabriele , Lübbert Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAberrant DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in tumor development and progression. DNA hypomethylating agents (HMA) constitute a class of drugs which are able to reverse DNA methylation, thereby triggering the re-programming of tumor cells. The first-generation HMA azacitidine and decitabine have now been in standard clinical use for some time, offering a valuable alternative to previous treatments in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, so far particularly in older, medically non-fit patients. However, the longer we use these drugs, the more we are confronted with the (almost inevitable) development of resistance. This review provides insights into the mode of action of HMA, mechanisms of resistance to this treatment, and strategies to overcome HMA resistance including next-generation HMA and HMA-based combination therapies.
OAM-inspired new optics: the angular metalens
Authors: Ruffato Gianluca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnalogous to the behavior of a common converging lens for the input of tilted waves, a recent publication suggests a new optical element with an azimuthal-quadratic phase profile for the focusing of orbital angular momentum beams at distinct angular positions. Its realization in a metasurface form enables the combined measurement of orbital and spin angular momentum using a single optical component.
Recent progress in silk fibroin-based flexible electronics
Authors: Wen Dan-Liang , Sun De-Heng , Huang Peng , Huang Wen , Su Meng , Wang Ya , Han Meng-Di , Kim Beomjoon , Brugger Juergen , Zhang Hai-Xia , Zhang Xiao-Sheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the emergence of 5G, traditional silicon-based electronics no longer fully meet market demands such as nonplanar application scenarios due to mechanical mismatch. This provides unprecedented opportunities for flexible electronics that bypass the physical rigidity through the introduction of flexible materials. In recent decades, biological materials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, which are considered some of the most promising candidates for next-generation flexible electronics, have received increasing attention, e.g., silk fibroin, cellulose, pectin, chitosan, and melanin. Among them, silk fibroin presents greater superiorities in biocompatibility and biodegradability, and moreover, it also possesses a variety of attractive properties, such as adjustable water solubility, remarkable optical transmittance, high mechanical robustness, light weight, and ease of processing, which are partially or even completely lacking in other biological materials. Therefore, silk fibroin has been widely used as fundamental components for the construction of biocompatible flexible electronics, particularly for wearable and implantable devices. Furthermore, in recent years, more attention has been paid to the investigation of the functional characteristics of silk fibroin, such as the dielectric properties, piezoelectric properties, strong ability to lose electrons, and sensitivity to environmental variables. Here, this paper not only reviews the preparation technologies for various forms of silk fibroin and the recent progress in the use of silk fibroin as a fundamental material but also focuses on the recent advanced works in which silk fibroin serves as functional components. Additionally, the challenges and future development of silk fibroin-based flexible electronics are summarized.
B7-H3 suppresses doxorubicin-induced senescence-like growth arrest in colorectal cancer through the AKT/TM4SF1/SIRT1 pathway
Authors: Wang Ruoqin , Sun Linqing , Xia Suhua , Wu Hongya , Ma Yanchao , Zhan Shenghua , Zhang Guangbo , Zhang Xueguang , Shi Tongguo , Chen Weichang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that cellular senescence induced by chemotherapy has been recognized as a new weapon for cancer therapy. This study aimed to research novel functions of B7-H3 in cellular senescence induced by a low dose of doxorubicin (DOX) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, our results demonstrated that B7-H3 knockdown promoted, while B7-H3 overexpression inhibited, DOX-induced cellular senescence. B7-H3 knockdown dramatically enhanced the growth arrest of CRC cells after low-dose DOX treatment, but B7-H3 overexpression had the opposite effect. By RNA-seq analysis and western blot, we showed that B7-H3 prevented cellular senescence and growth arrest through the AKT/TM4SF1/SIRT1 pathway. Blocking the AKT/TM4SF1/SIRT1 pathway dramatically reversed B7-H3-induced resistance to cellular senescence. More importantly, B7-H3 inhibited DOX-induced cellular senescence of CRC cells in vivo. Therefore, targeting B7-H3 or the B7-H3/AKT/TM4SF1/SIRT1 pathway might be a new strategy for promoting cellular senescence-like growth arrest during drug treatment in CRC.
Robust microbe immune recognition in the intestinal mucosa
Authors: Schären Olivier P. , Hapfelmeier Siegfried 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe mammalian mucosal immune system acts as a multitasking mediator between bodily function and a vast diversity of microbial colonists. Depending on host–microbial interaction type, mucosal immune responses have distinct functions. Immunity to pathogen infection functions to limit tissue damage, clear or contain primary infection, and prevent or lower the severity of a secondary infection by conferring specific long-term adaptive immunity. Responses to nonpathogenic commensal or mutualistic microbes instead function to tolerate continuous colonization. Mucosal innate immune and epithelial cells employ a limited repertoire of innate receptors to program the adaptive immune response accordingly. Pathogen versus nonpathogen immune discrimination appears to be very robust, as most individuals successfully maintain life-long mutualism with their nonpathogenic microbiota, while mounting immune defense to pathogenic microbe infection specifically. However, the process is imperfect, which can have immunopathological consequences, but may also be exploited medically. Normally innocuous intestinal commensals in some individuals may drive serious inflammatory autoimmunity, whereas harmless vaccines can be used to fool the immune system into mounting a protective anti-pathogen immune response. In this article, we review the current knowledge on mucosal intestinal bacterial immune recognition focusing on TH17 responses and identify commonalities between intestinal pathobiont and vaccine-induced TH17 responses.
On the optimality of 2°C targets and a decomposition of uncertainty
Authors: van der Wijst Kaj-Ivar , Hof Andries F. , van Vuuren Detlef P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDetermining international climate mitigation response strategies is a complex task. Integrated Assessment Models support this process by analysing the interplay of the most relevant factors, including socio-economic developments, climate system uncertainty, damage estimates, mitigation costs and discount rates. Here, we develop a meta-model that disentangles the uncertainties of these factors using full literature ranges. This model allows comparing insights of the cost-minimising and cost-benefit modelling communities. Typically, mitigation scenarios focus on minimum-cost pathways achieving the Paris Agreement without accounting for damages; our analysis shows doing so could double the initial carbon price. In a full cost-benefit setting, we show that the optimal temperature target does not exceed 2.5 °C when considering medium damages and low discount rates, even with high mitigation costs. With low mitigation costs, optimal temperature change drops to 1.5 °C or less. The most important factor determining the optimal temperature is the damage function, accounting for 50% of the uncertainty.
Daily full spectrum light exposure prevents food allergy-like allergic diarrhea by modulating vitamin D3 and microbiota composition
Authors: Chen Po-Jung , Nakano Toshiaki , Lai Chia-Yun , Chang Kuei-Chen , Chen Chao-Long , Goto Shigeru 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe importance of sun exposure on human health is well recognized, and a recent trend in the avoidance of sun exposure has led to the risk of missing the beneficial effects such as vitamin D3 biogenesis. Vitamin D3 insufficiency is one of the risk factors for the development of food allergies (FAs), and vitamin D3 status controls gut homeostasis by modulating the microbiota. This study aimed to explore the impact of daily full spectrum light exposure (phototherapy) on the pathogenesis of FAs. Phototherapy ameliorated allergic diarrhea and improved FA-associated vitamin D3 insufficiency and dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of FA donor feces induced allergic diarrhea with OVA-specific IgE elevation in naïve mice. In contrast, FMT of naïve donor feces ameliorated allergic diarrhea in established FA mice, suggesting the involvement of the microbiota composition in FA. Phototherapy is an alternative approach for the prevention of FA-like allergic diarrhea through the modulation of vitamin D3 status and microbiota composition.
Equation of motion for grain boundaries in polycrystals
Authors: Zhang Luchan , Han Jian , Srolovitz David J. , Xiang Yang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGrain boundary (GB) dynamics are largely controlled by the formation and motion of disconnections (with step and dislocation characters) along with the GB. The dislocation character gives rise to shear coupling; i.e. the relative tangential motion of two grains meeting at the GB during GB migration. In a polycrystal, the shear coupling is constrained by the presence of other grains and GB junctions, which prevents large-scale sliding of one grain relative to the other. We present continuum equations of motion for GBs that is based upon the underlying disconnection dynamics and accounts for this mechanical constraint in polycrystals. This leads to a reduced-order (zero-shear constrained) model for GB motion that is easily implemented in a computationally efficient framework, appropriate for the large-scale simulation of the evolution of polycrystalline microstructures. We validated the proposed reduced-order model with direct comparisons to full multi-disconnection mode simulations.
Exposure of subtle multipartite quantum nonlocality
Authors: Taddei M. M. , Silva T. L. , Nery R. V. , Aguilar G. H. , Walborn S. P. , Aolita L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe celebrated Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen quantum steering has a complex structure in the multipartite scenario. We show that a naively defined criterion for multipartite steering allows, like in Bell nonlocality, for a contradictory effect whereby local operations could create steering seemingly from scratch. Nevertheless, neither in steering nor in Bell nonlocality has this effect been experimentally confirmed. Operational consistency is reestablished by presenting a suitable redefinition: there is a subtle form of steering already present at the start, and it is only exposed—as opposed to created—by the local operations. We devise protocols that, remarkably, are able to reveal, in seemingly unsteerable systems, not only steering, but also Bell nonlocality. Moreover, we find concrete cases where entanglement certification does not coincide with steering. A causal analysis reveals the crux of the issue to lie in hidden signaling. Finally, we implement one of the protocols with three photonic qubits deterministically, providing the experimental demonstration of both exposure and super-exposure of quantum nonlocality.
Probabilistic teleportation of a quantum dot spin qubit
Authors: Kojima Y. , Nakajima T. , Noiri A. , Yoneda J. , Otsuka T. , Takeda K. , Li S. , Bartlett S. D. , Ludwig A. , Wieck A. D. , Tarucha S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectron spins in semiconductor quantum dots have been intensively studied for implementing quantum computation and high-fidelity single- and two-qubit operations have recently been achieved. Quantum teleportation is a three-qubit protocol exploiting quantum entanglement and it serves as an essential primitive for more sophisticated quantum algorithms. Here we demonstrate a scheme for quantum teleportation based on direct Bell measurement for a single-electron spin qubit in a triple quantum dot utilizing the Pauli exclusion principle to create and detect maximally entangled states. The single spin polarization is teleported from the input qubit to the output qubit. We find this fidelity is primarily limited by singlet–triplet mixing, which can be improved by optimizing the device parameters. Our results may be extended to quantum algorithms with a larger number of semiconductor spin qubits.
Relative Clause Sentence Comprehension by Japanese-Speaking Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Sasaki Miho , Schwartz Richard G. , Hisano Masaki , Suzuki Makihiko 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study investigated the auditory comprehension of Japanese sentences including relative clauses (RCs) by 52 Japanese-speaking children with typical development (TD) and 16 children with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method
A picture-pointing task measured RC and main clause (MC) comprehension for object and subject relatives in sentences with varying lengths. The accuracy of RC only, MC only, and combined comprehension (RC and MC) was analyzed with linear mixed-effects (logistic) models to examine accuracy and the effects of the deep gap–filler distance (structural complexity), the surface linear distance, and sentence length for the two participant groups. Six language tests and two working memory tests were administered to determine language and working memory status. A factor analysis grouped them into two factors that were examined as predictors of comprehension performance.

Results
Initial models indicated that children with SLI performed more poorly than their peers with TD. Working memory abilities predicted the comprehension of subject and object relative sentences, but language abilities other than a general measure of sentence comprehension were only limited predictors. In a series of pairwise comparisons, children with SLI did not exhibit comprehension facilitation for RC sentences with lower structural complexity, nor did they exhibit comprehension facilitation when the linear distance between the gap and the filler was shorter, perhaps because of their overall lower performance. Children with TD made more errors on sentences with higher structural complexity but did not exhibit any linear distance effects. Neither group exhibited effects of noun phrase or sentence length.

Conclusions
Japanese-speaking children with TD exhibited negative comprehension effects of increased deep structure complexity, but not of linear surface distance or sentence noun phrase length. The children with SLI face challenges in comprehending both subject and object relative sentences compared to their typically developing peers. Their poorer working memory abilities are the primary factor that constrains their performance.
Research on method of periodic signal tracking and parameter tuning of the electro‐hydraulic position system
Authors: Li Hongzhang , Zeng Le , Yang Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAiming at the tracking accuracy and hysteresis of the periodic displacement signal in electro‐hydraulic servo system, a new type of repetitive PID control strategy (RPID) was proposed. The RPID controller is based on repetitive control and PID control. By linearizing the non‐linear model and employing the Lyapunov stability theorem, the proportional value and the maximum shear frequency of the RPID controller are calculated, and the integral and differential coefficients are obtained through repeated debugging on the system. Comparison experiments of PID and RPID controllers were carried out on the experimental platform of electro‐hydraulic servo system. The results show that the error of RPID tracking is less than 0.04 mm after several cycles, which is lower than the error of PID. The tracking hysteresis finally decreases to a tolerable threshold during the tracking process with RPID controller, which greatly improves the periodic position tracking characteristics of electro‐hydraulic servo system.
Zystische zervikale Lymphknotenschwellung – TG-Bestimmung im Punktat sichert das lymphatisch metastasierte papilläre Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Smaxwil Constantin , Esianu Eduard , Altmeier Julia , Zielke Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Eine Patientin stellte sich mit einer zystischen Raumforderung im seitlichen Halsdreieck vor.
Untersuchung und Diagnostik Nach Ultraschall und MRT wurde eine Feinnadelpunktion durchgeführt. Zytologisch fanden sich keine malignitätsverdächtigen Zellen. Bei einer erneuten Punktion wurde nun auch das Thyreoglobulin in der Zystenflüssigkeit bestimmt – und stark erhöht nachgewiesen. Damit war das lymphatisch metastasierte Schilddrüsenkarzinom gesichert.
Therapie und Verlauf Die erforderliche Operation konnte einzeitig durchgeführt werden. Drei Wochen nach der Operation erfolgte die Radiojodtherapie mit 3,7GBq I131.
Folgerung Schwellungen der Halslymphknoten können viele Gründe haben, dabei selten auch einmal die Metastase eines Schilddrüsenkarzinoms sein. Wir stellen anhand eines Fallbeispiels einen einfachen Weg vor, der das lymphatisch metastasierte Schilddrüsenkarzinom sicher nachweisen kann.
Kutane Manifestation einer AL-Amyloidose mit Plasmazellmyelom vom Lambda-Leichtkettentyp
Authors: Karitzky P. C. , Trautmann-Grill C. , Laske J. , Beissert S. , Meier F. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie mit einem multiplen Myelom assoziierte Immunoglobulin-Leichtketten (AL)-Amyloidose ist unter den systemischen Amyloidosen die häufigste Form, als Entität selbst jedoch relativ selten. Die durch den monoklonalen Plasmazellklon sezernierten instabilen Leichtketten führen als Amyloidablagerungen im Gewebe zu manifesten Organschäden, v. a. die renalen und kardialen Organmanifestationen führen häufig zu einer sehr schlechten Prognose. Besonders kutane Manifestationen wie beidseitige periorbitale Ödeme, Ekchymosen und eine Makroglossie können als pathognomonisch für die systemische AL-Amyloidose betrachtet werden und sollten zu einer raschen Abklärung führen. Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit einer kutanen Manifestation einer AL-Amyloidose mit assoziiertem „smouldering Myelom“.