bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
India’s Law School Legal Aid Clinics: The Gaps Between Aspiration and Practice
Authors: Rajashree K , Bhardwaj Sonika 
Published: October 2021

The law schools legal aid activities conducted through its clinics has come a long way in India especially since its inception in the early 1970’s. Its evolution has been gradual, intermittent and varied. Although The Bar Council of India (BCI) has mandated, establishing legal aid clinics as a pre-requisite for granting the necessary permissions before law schools start functioning, there are limited ideas of its purpose and objectives. An inherent lack of understanding its importance in terms of teaching, learning and research, the legal aid practices are largely left to the discretion of the individual law schools and interpretations of the individual faculty members. Combined with ideas heavily borrowed from the law schools in the US and individual experiences of the faculty members, legal aid practices in India are diversified. In the backdrop of this, the author intends to explore and map the aspiration of legal aid through an analysis of the key policy documents of legal education since India’s independence through an ontological framework. The ontology maps the aspirations of the legal aid clinics that was intended through these documents. Additionally, a case study of two important institutions have been taken as the case in point in order to verify whether the practices match such aspirations. Thereby, putting forth arguments that are critical for understanding the gaps between the aspiration and the state of reality.
Key words: Legal aid Clinics, Law schools, Clinical, Legal education, Social justice
Micromechanical Behavior of Granular Soils Characterized by Acoustic Emission
Authors: Lin Wenli , Liu Ang , Mao Wuwei , Maqsood Zain , Koseki Junichi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The study of failure mechanisms from a microperspective demands a comprehensive understanding of the initiation and evolution of shear banding within granular materials. However, this topic is not fully understood due to the technical constraints in continuous quantification of the failure degree and visualization of particle interactions within soil specimens due to their inherent opacity. This paper reports the possibility of acoustic emission (AE) technique in characterizing the micromechanical behavior of saturated coral sands subjected to drained triaxial shearing. Results show that coral sand is less emissive than silica sands, while its AE rate forms concrete mathematic relations with soil mechanical parameters, which agrees with those revealed for silica sands. This allows soil mechanical parameters of coral sands that are difficult to be assessed in the field to be back-evaluated by acoustic measuring. The traced AE source locations confirm their spatiotemporal correspondence with the photographed appearance of deformed specimens, in which complex shear banding process, regarding the initiation and evolution, is traced. Three acoustic precursors are observed before the complete soil failure and are considered resulting from the structural variation that affects the emission and propagation of AEs, which hence could be used as indicators for early warning of soil’s instability.
Submarine Basaltic Magmatism in the Subbetic Basin (Southern Spain): Insights into Melt-Weakening Processes during Mesozoic Continental Rifting
Authors: Díaz-Alvarado Juan , Pedrera Antonio , Azor Antonio , García-Senz Jesús , Díaz de Neira José Alberto , Rodríguez-Fernández Luis Roberto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mantle-derived volcanic rocks from the Subbetic hyperextended basin in SE Spain provide new insights into the composition and mechanical behavior of the mantle during continental rifting. The present study describes a sequential restored cross-section along with geochemical characteristics of the basaltic rocks interbedded within the Mesozoic succession of the basin. Sedimentary stacking patterns of minibasins above the mobilized salt reflect the relationships with coeval basaltic volcanism. We recognize two type localities on the basis of volcanic facies, the presence of shallow intrusive bodies, and age of the associated sedimentary formations. The first type corresponds to subaqueous pillow-lava flows and subvolcanic sills and dikes associated with Lower Jurassic marly limestones and Middle Jurassic oolitic limestones. The Jurassic basalts present enriched MORB compositions with moderate La/Sm and low Sm/Yb ratios. Interestingly, a significant group of this Jurassic basaltic magmatism departs from the typical MORB-OIB array, showing deep Nb-Ta negative anomalies and high Th/Nb ratios. The second type comprises subaqueous lava flows, also including pillow-shaped basalts interlayered with hyaloclastite deposits and Upper Cretaceous clays, radiolarites, and marly limestones. The Cretaceous magmatism is characterized by highly enriched MORB compositions. Furthermore, the moderate Sm/Yb values and the positive correlation between LREE/HREE and Zr point to the involvement of deep (Grt-present) mantle sources in the origin of the Cretaceous basaltic melts. We interpret the Lower-Middle Jurassic calc-alkaline signal as due to the partial melting of recycled crustal rocks within the upper mantle, i.e., associated with remnants of pre-Mesozoic subducted slabs. These characteristics are similar to those described in Triassic basaltic rocks widespread throughout the External Zone of the Betic Cordillera. Mantle-derived basalts interlayered within the Lower Jurassic syn-rift deposits indicate that melting and deformation within the lithospheric mantle was initiated early during continental rifting. Accordingly, we suggest that Early to Middle Jurassic mantle melts promoted failure within the upper mantle, thus contributing to the inception of lithospheric-scale shear zones, which, in turn, controlled the evolution of this magma-poor hyperextended margin. Subsequently, rift evolution gave way to the activation of deeper melt sources in the mantle and an increase of the alkaline signature at the Cretaceous time.
Celecoxib and Dimethylcelecoxib Block Oxidative Phosphorylation,
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasiveness in Breast Cancer
Stem Cells
Authors: Gallardo-Pérez Juan Carlos , de Guevara Alhelí Adán-Ladrón , García-Amezcua Marco Antonio , Robledo-Cadena Diana Xochiquetzal , Pacheco-Velázquez Silvia Cecilia , Belmont-Díaz Javier Alejandro , Vargas-Navarro Jorge Luis , Moreno-Sánchez Rafael , Rodríguez-Enríquez Sara 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The major hurdles for successful cancer treatment are drug resistance
and invasiveness developed by breast cancer stem cells (BCSC).

Objective:
As these two processes are highly energy-dependent, the identification of the
main ATP supplier required for stem cell viability may result advantageous in the design
of new therapeutic strategies to deter malignant carcinomas.

Methods:
The energy metabolism (glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, OxPhos)
was systematically analyzed by assessing relevant protein contents, enzyme activities,
and pathway fluxes in BCSC. Once identified as the main ATP supplier, selective energy
inhibitors and canonical breast cancer drugs were used to block stem cell viability and
metastatic properties.

Results:
OxPhos and glycolytic protein contents, as well as HK and LDH activities were
several times higher in BCSC than in their parental line, MCF-7 cells. However, CS,
GDH, COX activities, and both energy metabolism pathway fluxes were significantly
lower (38-86%) in BCSC than in MCF-7 cells. OxPhos was the main ATP provider
(>85%) in BCSC. Accordingly, oligomycin (a specific and potent canonical OxPhos inhibitor)
and other non-canonical drugs with inhibitory effect on OxPhos (celecoxib,
dimethylcelecoxib) significantly decreased BCSC viability, levels of epithelial-mesenchymal
transition proteins, invasiveness, and induced ROS over-production, with IC50 values
ranging from 1 to 20 μM in 24 h treatment. In contrast, glycolytic inhibitors (gossypol, iodoacetic
acid, 3-bromopyruvate, 2-deoxyglucose) and canonical chemotherapeutic drugs
(paclitaxel, doxorubicin, cisplatin) were much less effective against BCSC viability
(IC50> 100 μM).

Conclusion:
These results indicated that the use of some NSAIDs may be a promising alternative
therapeutic strategy to target BCSC.
Isolation, Docking and In Silico ADME-T Studies of Acacianol: Novel Antibacterial Isoflavone Analogue Isolated from Acacia leucophloea Bark
Authors: Singla Rajeev K. , Gupta Rajesh , Joon Shikha , Gupta Arun K. , Shen Bairong 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The plant Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. of the family Fabaceae is of paramount
importance in Indian medicine.

Objectives:
We sought to evaluate the in vitro anti-microbial activity of A. leucophloea stem bark extract together
with its phytochemical characterization and exploration of drug-likeness attributes.

Methods:
In vitro Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion and tube-dilution assays were exploited for determining the
anti-microbial activity of the methanolic bark extracts against several bacterial test strains. Spectral characterization
of the isolated phytoconstituents was performed using spectroscopy techniques viz., UV, IR, 1H
NMR, and mass spectroscopy followed by the in silico studies like docking and ADME-T studies.

Results:
The crude methanolic extracts were active against all the bacterial test strains, albeit weakly or moderately,
as indicated by the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration in the anti-microbial assays.
The isolated phytoconstituent was identified to be 3-(3,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-2H-chromen-6-yl)-2,5-
dimethoxy-2H-chromen-7-ol (hereby coined as acacianol), a novel isoflavone analog. Acacianol demonstrated
a strong binding affinity towards the bacterial DNA gyrase over clorobiocin, especially in the case of
cavity 4 with no predicted toxicities in silico, except skin sensitization and chromosome damage.
Unlocking Allelic Diversity for Sustainable Development of Salinity Stress
Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Raghuvanshi Rishiraj , Srivastava Ashish Kumar , Verulkar Satish , Suprasanna Penna 
Published: October 2021

:
Rice is a major cereal crop, negatively impacted by soil-salinity, both in terms of plant
growth as well as productivity. Salinity tolerant rice varieties have been developed using conventional
breeding approaches, however, there has been limited success which is primarily due to the
complexity of the trait, low yield, variable salt stress response and availability of genetic resources.
Furthermore, the narrow genetic base is a hindrance for further improvement of the rice varieties.
Therefore, there is a greater need to screen available donor germplasm in rice for salinity tolerance
related genes and traits. In this regard, genomics based techniques are useful for exploring new
gene resources and QTLs. In rice, the vast allelic diversity existing in the wild and cultivated germplasm
needs to be explored for improving salt tolerance. In the present review, we provide an
overview of the allelic diversity in the Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) like Saltol, qGR6.2, qSE3
and RNC4 as well as genes like OsHKT1;1, SKC1 (OsHKT1;5/HKT8) and OsSTL1 (salt tolerance
level 1 gene) related to salt tolerance in rice. We have also discussed approaches for developing
salt-tolerant cultivars by utilizing the effective QTLs or genes/alleles in rice.
A Mechanistic Review on Plant-derived Natural Inhibitors of Human
Coronaviruses with Emphasis on SARS-COV-1 and SARS-COV-2
Authors: Durairajan S.S.K. , Guguloth S.K. , Lakshmi A.R. , Rajendran R. , Rajaram K. , Chinnasamy T. , Huang J.-D. , Zhang H. , Senapati S. 
Published: October 2021

:
Coronaviruses have been receiving continuous attention worldwide as they have caused
a serious threat to global public health. This group of viruses is named so as they exhibit characteristic
crown-like spikes on their protein coat. SARS-CoV-2, a type of coronavirus that emerged
in 2019, causes severe infection in the lower respiratory tract of humans and is often fatal in immunocompromised
individuals. No medications have been approved so far for the direct treatment
of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the currently available treatment options rely on relieving the symptoms.
The medicinal plants occurring in nature serve as a rich source of active ingredients that
could be utilized for developing pharmacopeial and non-pharmacopeial/synthetic drugs with antiviral
properties. Compounds obtained from certain plants have been used for directly and selectively
inhibiting different coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The present
review discusses the potential natural inhibitors against the highly pathogenic human coronaviruses,
with a systematic elaboration on the possible mechanisms of action of these natural compounds
while acting in the different stages of the life cycle of coronaviruses. Moreover, through a
comprehensive exploration of the existing literature in this regard, the importance of such compounds
in the research and development of effective and safe antiviral agents is discussed. We focused
on the mechanism of action of several natural compounds along with their target of action.
In addition, the immunomodulatory effects of these active components in the context of human
health are elucidated. Finally, it is suggested that the use of traditional medicinal plants is a novel
and feasible remedial strategy against human coronaviruses.
Association of Newly Diagnosed Hypertension and Polypharmacy with
Frailty in a Tertiary Hospital Patients from Maracaibo City, Venezuela
Authors: Salazar Juan , Borges Isabel , Rivas-Motenegro Alejandra , Villasmil-Hernandez Nelson , Nava Manuel , Añez Roberto 
Published: October 2021

Background:
As a syndrome of physiological vulnerability and multifactorial progressive
decline tightly related to age, frailty has been associated with several illnesses, and in particular
cardiovascular disease.

Objective:
To assess the factors associated with the frailty syndrome in older adults evaluated in
the outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital from Maracaibo city, Venezuela.

Materials and Methods:
An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was performed on subjects
of both genders, over 60 years old that went to the Internal Medicine outpatient clinic of the
Hospital General del Sur “Dr. Pedro Iturbe” from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Sampling was performed
via a non-probabilistic, intentional method. For each subject with frailty or pre-frailty, a
control subject was selected in a 1:1 ratio according to gender; several risk factors were interrogated.
The state of frailty was determined through the FRAIL scale.

Results:
Of the 201 assessed patients, 49.3% (n=99) were non-frail, 19.9% (n=40) were pre-frail
and 30.8% (n=62) were frail. The population's overall age was 68.8±6.8 in non-frails, 69.1±7.7 in
pre-frails, and 68.6±7.1 in frails. In the multivariate analysis, subjects with frailty and pre-frailty
were most likely to be receiving polypharmacy (OR: 2.36, CI95%: 1.05-5.37; P=0.04) and have hypertension
during the study (OR: 10.19, CI95%: 3.86-26.89; P<0.01).

Conclusion:
The newly diagnosed hypertension and presence of polypharmacy were the factors
most associated with frailty and pre-frailty in older adults evaluated in a tertiary hospital from
Maracaibo city, Venezuela.
MRI-Negative Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy can Benefit from Stereotactic
Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation Applied to the Amygdalohippocampal
Complex
Authors: Zhang Wenqian , Wang Jia , Zhao Quanjun , Wang Tao , Wang Peixin 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Seizure control (SC) is often poor in cases of magnetic resonance imaging-
negative epilepsy after resection surgery.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of depth-electrode-guided stereotactic
radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) applied to the amygdalohippocampal complex
(AHC) for the treatment of patients with MRI-negative medial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Methods:
A total of 62 cases with magnetic resonance imaging-negative medial temporal lobe
epilepsy were retrospectively studied after the application of depth-electrode-guided RFTC to the
AHC. Single-target coagulations were applied to all patients, and multi-target coagulations were applied
to those patients who did not experience significant reductions in discharges after the first target
ablation. Bilateral-target coagulations were applied to bilateral medial temporal lobe epilepsy
patients, using single target ablation applied to each side.

Results:
After 24-83 months of follow-up, 32/62 (51.61%) patients became seizure-free, and 35/62
(56.45%) patients reported significant reductions in seizure episodes. The total effective rate was
69.35% (43/62). No significant differences were observed for SC among the single-target, multi-target,
and bilateral-target groups. However, a significant difference was observed for the reduction in
epileptic discharges after coagulations between those patients who became seizure-free and those
who did not. Magnetic resonance imaging-negative medial temporal lobe epilepsy patients can benefit
from RFTC applied to the AHC. A significant reduction in epileptic discharges observed during
operations after RFTC is applied may predict good SC.

Conclusion:
RFTC applied to the AHC could be considered a promising method for the treatment
of magnetic resonance imaging-negative medial temporal lobe epilepsy patients.
Digital Storytelling for Health-Related Outcomes in Older Adults: Systematic Review
Authors: Stargatt Jennifer , Bhar Sunil , Bhowmik Jahar , Al Mahmud Abdullah 
Published: October 2021

Background
Older adults face a unique set of challenges and may experience a range of psychological comorbidities. Digital storytelling is an emerging tool for sharing and recording lived experiences and may have the potential to support well-being but is yet to be systematically reviewed for use among older adults.

Objective
The aim of this review is to examine the methods for creating digital stories, the health-related outcomes associated with creating digital stories, and the potential for implementing digital storytelling with older adults.

Methods
We systematically searched electronic databases to identify articles published in English that reported on at least one health-related outcome of digital storytelling for participants aged ≥60 years. Data were extracted and synthesized using qualitative content analysis and summarized in tables. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results
A total of 8 studies were included in the review. Participants were primarily community-dwelling older adults living with dementia, involving family caregivers and professional care staff. Studies have taken various approaches to digital storytelling and reported diverse benefits associated with digital storytelling, including improvements in mood, memory, social engagement, and quality of relationships. Although the potential for implementation was not widely examined, some studies have presented evidence for acceptability and feasibility. Generally, studies were of high quality, despite the absence of comparator groups and confounder analyses.

Conclusions
The evidence reviewed suggests that despite the various approaches taken, digital storytelling shows promise as an effective approach for supporting well-being in older adults.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019145922; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019145922

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/15512
Assessment and mapping of the agro-ecological risk in the Mina plain (northwestern Algeria): Soil salinity and irrigation water quality
Authors: Berkane Ibrahim , Boulenouar Houari , Bekhadda Youcef , Gacem Farid , Douaoui Abdelkader , Larid Mohamed , Benabdeli Khelloufi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study is to contribute in assessing and mapping of the salinity risks level of soil and groundwater for irrigation in the Mina plain. The experimentation was carried out on a surface area of 4000 ha. Electromagnetic conductivity (EM) measurements and soil and well water samples were taken and analysed. The results showed an important spatial variability of the electrical conductivity (EC) of saturated paste extracts (ECe), which varied between 1.35 and 28.8 dS/m. The isovalues map of ECe was estimated by the regression equation and interpolated by the ordinary kriging (OK) method which showed that the area of saline soils (ECe > 4 dS/m) represented 90% of the study area. The results also showed poor to unsuitable well water quality. To find the risk of salinity and sodium, the water points were classified as C3S3 (2.5%), C4S2 (5%), C4S3 (30%) and C4S4 (62.5%). Spatial distribution maps of total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity of water (ECw) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) interpolated by inverse distance weighting (IDW) showed too high risk levels of ECw (>5000 μS/cm) and TDS (>3000 mg/l) occupying a large wellfield (70%); with regard to SAR (>18), 36% of the groundwater had a high risk of sodium. These results showed that the choice of tolerant crops, redevelopment of drainage systems and irrigation with less saline water should be designed for the sustainability of soil productivity and agro-ecosystems.
Study of the dynamics of vegetation cover by satellite images: Case of El Kala National Park (Algeria)
Authors: Khallef Boubaker , Brahamia Khaled , Oularbi Abdelrazzek 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent years, wetlands in Algeria have experienced a significant deterioration in the natural quality of the landscapes that compose them. This is the case of the El Kala National Park in the far northeast of Algeria. The state of degradation of the open plant of this park is urgently to look at the state of the art in the face of multiple threats that affect these spaces. The exploitation of the Landsat satellite images, coupled with GIS and supplemented by field surveys and climate and documentary data, made it possible to analyze the vegetation cover and its evolution between 1987 and 2016. The results of our study show that the vegetation cover during the period (1987‒2016) lost 7.49% (6038 ha) of its natural vegetation. Also this work allowed us to set up a cartographic base which can constitute a precious tool of management of this protected area. This method is simple and adaptable to other protected areas of Algeria.