bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac arrhythmia during early‐week and mid‐week dialysis in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Vareesangthip Kornchanok , Yincharoen Picha , Winijkul Arjbordin , Chanchairujira Thawee 
Published: January 2021

AbstractData on cardiac arrhythmia and electrolyte changes during the dialysis cycle have been limited. Fifty‐two hemodialysis (HD) patients underwent 48‐h Holter monitoring during early‐week and mid‐week HD sessions. Pre‐HD and post‐HD blood samples were collected in both HD sessions. The 48‐h Holter data were divided into five phases: (1) 4‐h during the early‐week HD (HD1), (2) 12‐h post‐HD1, (3) 16‐h period between Phases 2 and 4 (used as the patient's baseline electrocardiography [ECG]), (4) 12‐h pre‐HD2 phase, and (5) 4‐h during the mid‐week HD (HD2). The patients' mean age was 68.54 ± 13.37 years. We found that the dialysate‐to‐serum[K] gradient and changes of S[K] were significantly higher in HD1 than in HD2, as well as changes of S[Mg]. There were no significant ECG changes during the 4‐h HD1 and HD2 when compared with the baseline ECG. Phase 2 of Holter ECG was the most common phase that showed significant changes (increased QT interval dispersion (QTD), increased ventricular events, increased number of premature ventricular contractions, ST elevation and ST depression), which was contributed from the dialysate[K] 2 mmol/L subgroup, but not the dialysate[K] 3 mmol/L subgroup. In the subgroup of patients with a high ultrafiltration rate (UFR; mean UFR ≥10 mL/kg/h), there were significantly increased ventricular events and ST‐segment changes in Phase 2. In conclusion, ECG changes were associated with the dialysis cycle, significantly in the 12‐h after early‐week HD sessions. These may be associated with low dialysate[K] or high dialysate‐to‐S[K] gradient, high ultrafiltration rate and duration of the interdialytic interval.
Whole‐body senescent cell clearance alleviates age‐related brain inflammation and cognitive impairment in mice
Authors: Ogrodnik Mikolaj , Evans Shane A. , Fielder Edward , Victorelli Stella , Kruger Patrick , Salmonowicz Hanna , Weigand Bettina M. , Patel Ayush D. , Pirtskhalava Tamar , Inman Christine L. , Johnson Kurt O. , Dickinson Stephanie L. , Rocha Azucena , Schafer Marissa J. , Zhu Yi , Allison David B. , von Zglinicki Thomas , LeBrasseur Nathan K. , Tchkonia Tamar , Neretti Nicola , Passos João F. , Kirkland James L. , Jurk Diana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest and a pro‐inflammatory senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is a major contributor to aging and age‐related diseases. Clearance of senescent cells has been shown to improve brain function in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is still unknown whether senescent cell clearance alleviates cognitive dysfunction during the aging process. To investigate this, we first conducted single‐nuclei and single‐cell RNA‐seq in the hippocampus from young and aged mice. We observed an age‐dependent increase in p16Ink4a senescent cells, which was more pronounced in microglia and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and characterized by a SASP. We then aged INK‐ATTAC mice, in which p16Ink4a‐positive senescent cells can be genetically eliminated upon treatment with the drug AP20187 and treated them either with AP20187 or with the senolytic cocktail Dasatinib and Quercetin. We observed that both strategies resulted in a decrease in p16Ink4a exclusively in the microglial population, resulting in reduced microglial activation and reduced expression of SASP factors. Importantly, both approaches significantly improved cognitive function in aged mice. Our data provide proof‐of‐concept for senolytic interventions' being a potential therapeutic avenue for alleviating age‐associated cognitive impairment.
Salvage surgery for patients with residual disease after chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced cervical cancer: A systematic review on indication, complications, and survival
Authors: van Kol Kim G. G. , Ebisch Renée M. F. , Piek Jurgen M. J. , Zusterzeel Petra L. M. , Vergeldt Tineke F. M. , Bekkers Ruud L. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionStandard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer is chemoradiation therapy. Treatment with chemoradiation therapy harbors a risk of local residual disease, which can be curatively treated with salvage surgery, but the risk of complications following surgical procedures in radiated tissue is not negligible. The presence of residual disease can be radiologically and/or histologically diagnosed. The objective of this study is to describe studies that report on salvage surgery for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer after primary treatment with chemoradiation therapy. Therefore, we assessed the method of determining the presence of residual disease, the risk of complications, and the survival rate after salvage surgery.Material and methodsPubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database were searched from inception up to 6 March 2020. Titles and abstracts were independently assessed by two researchers. Studies were eligible for inclusion when patients had locally advanced cervical cancer with radiologically suspected or histologically confirmed residual disease after chemoradiation therapy, diagnosed with a CT, MRI, or PET‐CT scan, or biopsy. Information on complications after salvage surgery and survival outcomes had to be reported. Methodological quality of the articles was independently assessed by two researchers with the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale.ResultsOf the 2963 screened articles, six studies were included, representing 220 women. A total of 175 patients were treated with salvage surgery, of whom 27%‐100% had residual disease on the surgery specimen. Of the 161 patients treated with salvage surgery based on positive biopsy results, 72%‐100% showed residual disease on the surgery specimen. Of the 44 patients treated with salvage surgery based on suspected residual disease on radiology, 27%‐48% showed residual disease on the salvage surgery specimen. A total of 105 complications were registered in 175 patients treated with salvage surgery. The overall survival rate after salvage surgery was 69% (mean follow‐up period of 24.9 months).ConclusionsIt is necessary to confirm residual disease by biopsy before performing salvage surgery in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer primarily treated with chemoradiation therapy. Salvage surgery only based on radiologically suspected residual disease should be avoided to prevent unnecessary surgery and complications.
Location of OprD porin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates
Authors: González‐Vázquez María Cristina , Rocha‐Gracia Rosa del Carmen , Carabarín‐Lima Alejandro , Bello‐López Elena , Huerta‐Romano Fernando , Martínez‐Laguna Ygnacio , Lozano‐Zarain Patricia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMultidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the main opportunistic pathogens causing severe infection. One of the mechanisms involved in the resistance to imipenem in clinical isolates is the loss of the OprD porin. Changes like substitutions, deletions, insertions, or mutations in the oprD gene can modify the conformation of OprD porin or inhibit its presence and generate resistance to carbapenems. The aim of this work was to obtain anti‐OprD polyclonal antibodies and to determine by both immunofluorescence microscopy (IFI) and Western blot assays, the presence of the OprD porin in resistant‐carbapenem P. aeruginosa strains with different changes in the oprD gene. Changes in the gene oprD were identified in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. When proteins were translated, several polymorphisms were found; however, these did not affect the presence of OprD porin (PCM25, PCM36, and PCM78). Also it was detected an insertion sequence ISPa1328 (PCM52) and a premature stop codon (PCM91), which inhibited the presence of the OprD porin. This study shows how changes in the oprD gene of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates affect the presence of the OprD porin detected by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays using specific polyclonal anti‐OprD antibodies generated in this work.
Treatment strategy for laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair
Authors: Yano Fumiaki , Tsuboi Kazuto , Omura Nobuo , Hoshino Masato , Yamamoto Se R. , Akimoto Shunsuke , Masuda Takahiro , Mitsumori Norio , Ikegami Toru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionAccording to the anatomy‐function‐pathology classification, the recurrence rates of A2 and A3 hiatal hernia (HH) after laparoscopic fundoplication are higher than the rate of A1 HH. Therefore, we introduced mesh reinforcement for A2 and A3 cases. In addition, gastropexy was added to A3 cases. We present the strategy for HH repair.MethodsIn all, 537 patients (mean age 55.4 ± 16.7 years, 219 women) who underwent primary laparoscopic fundoplication for HH from January 1995 to October 2019 were included. They were divided into three groups by A factor (A1:A2:A3 = 296:156:85). Their clinical data were collected in a prospective fashion and retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe median age (years) of the patients in each group was A1:A2:A3 = 46:63:74 years, and age was directly proportional to the size of HH (P < 0.0001). The proportion of females was significantly higher in A3 than in other classes (P < 0.0001). Preoperative reflux esophagitis was severe in A2 (P < 0.0001) and operation time (min) was directly proportional to HH size (A1:A2:A3 = 135:167:193, P < 0.0001). The recurrence rate of conventional laparoscopic fundoplication was 15% (46/304), and it was higher for A2 and A3 than for A1 (P = 0.027). However, with reinforcement of the hiatus using a mesh and gastropexy, the recurrence rates decreased.ConclusionCombining mesh reinforcement and gastropexy may reduce the recurrence rate of para‐ and mixed‐type HH.
Acquired factor V inhibitor: a nation‐wide study of 38 patients
Authors: Goulenok Tiphaine , Vasco Claire , Faille Dorothée , Ajzenberg Nadine , De Raucourt Emmanuelle , Dupont Annabelle , Frere Corinne , James Chloé , Rabut Elodie , Rugeri Lucia , Schleinitz Nicolas , Sacré Karim , Papo Thomas ,   the RAVI study group
Published: January 2021

SummaryAcquired factor V inhibitor (AFVI) is an extremely rare disorder that may cause severe bleeding. To identify factors associated with bleeding risk in AFVI patients, a national, multicentre, retrospective study was made including all AFVI patients followed in 21 centres in France between 1988 and 2015. All patients had an isolated factor V (FV) deficiency <50% associated with inhibitor activity. Patients with constitutional FV deficiency and other causes of acquired coagulation FV deficiencies were excluded. The primary outcome was incident bleeding and factors associated with the primary outcome were identified. Thirty‐eight (74 [36–100] years, 42·1% females) patients with AFVI were analysed. Bleeding was reported in 18 (47·4%) patients at diagnosis and in three (7·9%) during follow‐up (7 [0·2–48.7] months). At diagnosis, FV was <10% in 31 (81·6%) patients. Bleeding at diagnosis was associated with a prolonged prothrombin time that strongly correlated with the AFVI level measured in plasma {r = 0·63, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0·36–0·80], P < 0·05}. Bleeding onset during follow‐up was associated with a slow AFVI clearance (P < 0·001). The corresponding receiver operating characteristics curve showed that AFVI clearance was predictive of bleeding onset with an AFVI clearance of seven months with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 29–100) and a specificity of 86% (95% CI: 57–98, P = 0·02). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that AFVI clearance >7 months increased the risk of bleeding by 8 (95% CI: [0·67–97], P = 0·075). Prothrombin time at diagnosis and time for clearance of FV inhibitor during follow‐up are both associated with bleeding in patients with AFVI.
Battling ingroup bias with effective intergroup leadership
Authors: Kershaw Christine , Rast David E. , Hogg Michael A. , van Knippenberg Daan 
Published: January 2021

Intergroup conflict and bias often occur between subgroups nested within a superordinate group. In these situations, the leader of the superordinate group plays a key role, as an intergroup leader, in reducing conflict. To be effective, an intergroup leader should avoid (1) threatening the subgroups' distinctive identities, and (2) being viewed by one or both groups as ‘one of them’ rather than ‘one of us’. Intergroup leadership theory (Acad Manag Rev, 37, 2012a, 232) posits intergroup leaders can improve subgroup relations by promoting an intergroup relational identity. Two studies (Ns = 178 and 223) tested whether an out‐subgroup or in‐subgroup leader could improve intergroup attitudes, even among strong subgroup identifiers, by promoting either an intergroup relational identity or a collective identity. We hypothesized an interaction of these variables demonstrating the effectiveness of an intergroup relational identity message for an out‐subgroup leader in lessening ingroup bias, especially among strong subgroup identification. Our results, and a meta‐analytic summary across both studies (N = 401), supported our hypothesis and intergroup leadership theory, demonstrating an intergroup relational identity is an effective strategy for improving intergroup relations.
Does mining waste concentration in the soil interfere with leaf selection by Acromyrmex subterraneus (Formicidae)?
Authors: Nascimento Felipe dos Santos , Toledo Antônio Marcos Oliveira , Pimenta Maria de Paula , Resende Cristiano Ferrara de , Peixoto Paulo Henrique Pereira , Zimerer Arthur , Lopes Juliane Floriano Santos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRevegetation programs are proposed to recover the soil and biodiversity of disturbed sites, this being the case of the Rio Doce basin, Brazil. This region was hugely affected by a mining waste dam disruption, whose leakage on the soil altered its chemical and physical characteristics, and consequently the physiology and performance of plants. The expected alterations of the plants can make them more attractive for leaf‐cutting ants, as lower water content induces an increase of non‐structural carbohydrates. In this context, we evaluated whether Acromyrmex subterraneus workers differentiate among plants grown on soil with different mining waste concentrations. Leaf disks from plants grown in soil containing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of mining waste were simultaneously offered to workers from laboratory ant colonies. The number of transported disks from each mining waste concentration was recorded until all disks of any concentration had been transported. Leaf selection assays were repeated after 30 days due to the novelty effect phenomenon. Leaf thickness, water, starch, and total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) contents were determined. Leaf disks from plants grown in soil with 100% of mining waste concentration were preferentially selected in both selection assays. Leaf thickness and water content were significantly lower in plants from the aforementioned treatment, while starch and TSC were higher. Results suggest that seedlings implanted in sites with high mining waste concentration are under high predation risk. Revegetation programs must measure the impact of leaf‐cutting ants as both herbivorous and soil ecosystem engineers, for the best management of these insects.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material
It is not just about time: Agricultural practices and surrounding forest cover affect secondary forest recovery in agricultural landscapes
Authors: César Ricardo G. , Moreno Vanessa de S. , Coletta Gabriel D. , Schweizer Daniella , Chazdon Robin L. , Barlow Jos , Ferraz Silvio F. B. , Crouzeilles Renato , Brancalion Pedro H. S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNatural regeneration of forests has significantly led to increased native forest cover in some regions. Several studies have explored the spatial drivers of forest cover increase, yet little is known about their effects on forest structure and species richness and diversity. We quantified the effects of local (forest age, remnant Eucalyptus basal area, slope, soil fertility, and clay content) and landscape drivers (surrounding land use, distance from streams, and surrounding forest cover and its change over time) on the aboveground biomass, species density, and phylogenetic diversity of native trees in second‐growth forests. We sampled 44 naturally regenerating forests established on former pastures and abandoned Eucalyptus plantations for 11–46 years in agricultural landscapes of the southeastern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. We used generalized linear mixed effect models to quantify the effect drivers on forest attributes. While only Eucalyptus basal area and proximity to sugarcane plantations had a consistent negative effect on forest biomass, other drivers were among the best models to explain forest attributes, but their effect was variable. Age increased tree biomass but the effect was not consistent. Similarly, species richness and phylogenetic diversity were mainly affected by landscape drivers such as surrounding forest cover. In tropical agricultural landscapes, effective forest recovery requires more than just time, as forest age can be less important in determining forest attributes than human land uses and surrounding native forest cover. Crucially, forest recovery can be improved through interventions and policies that promote less impactful human activities and enhance existing forest cover.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Design and synthesis of isothiocyanate‐containing hybrid androgen receptor (AR) antagonist to downregulate AR and induce ferroptosis in GSH–Deficient prostate cancer cells
Authors: Qin Zhihui , Ou Siyu , Xu Liping , Sorensen Kathleen , Zhang Yingxue , Hu Dan‐Ping , Yang Zhe , Hu Wen‐Yang , Chen Fei , Prins Gail S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSustained androgen receptor (AR) signaling and apoptosis evasion are among the main hurdles of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. We designed and synthesized isothiocyanate (ITC)‐containing hybrid AR antagonist (ITC‐ARi) and rationally combined ITC‐ARi with GSH synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to efficiently downregulate AR/AR splice variant and induce ferroptosis in CRPC cells. The representative ITC‐ARi 13 is an AR ligand that contains an N‐acetyl cysteine‐masked ITC moiety and gradually releases parental unconjugated ITC 12b in aqueous solution. The in vitro anti‐PCa activities of 13, such as growth inhibition and AR downregulation, are significantly enhanced when combined with BSO. The drug combination caused notable lipid peroxidation and the cell viability was effectively rescued by iron chelator, antioxidants or the inhibitor of heme oxygenase‐1, supporting the induction of ferroptosis. 13 and BSO cooperatively downregulate AR and induce ferroptosis likely through increasing the accessibility of 13/12b to cellular targets, escalating free intracellular ferrous iron and attenuating GSH‐centered cellular defense and adaptation. Further studies on the combination of ITC‐ARi and GSH synthesis inhibitor could result in a new modality against CRPC.
SketchZooms: Deep Multi‐view Descriptors for Matching Line Drawings
Authors: Navarro Pablo , Orlando J. Ignacio , Delrieux Claudio , Iarussi Emmanuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFinding point‐wise correspondences between images is a long‐standing problem in image analysis. This becomes particularly challenging for sketch images, due to the varying nature of human drawing style, projection distortions and viewport changes. In this paper, we present the first attempt to obtain a learned descriptor for dense registration in line drawings. Based on recent deep learning techniques for corresponding photographs, we designed descriptors to locally match image pairs where the object of interest belongs to the same semantic category, yet still differ drastically in shape, form, and projection angle. To this end, we have specifically crafted a data set of synthetic sketches using non‐photorealistic rendering over a large collection of part‐based registered 3D models. After training, a neural network generates descriptors for every pixel in an input image, which are shown togeneralize correctly in unseen sketches hand‐drawn by humans. We evaluate our method against a baseline of correspondences data collected from expert designers, in addition to comparisons with other descriptors that have been proven effective in sketches. Code, data and further resources will be publicly released by the time of publication.
A comparative clinical study on the transfer accuracy of conventional and digital implant impressions using a new reference key‐based method
Authors: Schmidt Alexander , Rein Peter Engelbert , Wöstmann Bernd , Schlenz Maximiliane Amelie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to systematically compare the transfer accuracy of conventional and digital implant impressions in patients using a new reference key‐based method.Material and methodsThirty‐nine cases were included in the study (upper jaw 22 edentulous, 8 partially edentulous, average distance between implants 30.15 ± 11.18 mm; lower jaw 6 cases edentulous, 3 cases partially edentulous, average distance between implants 33.19 ± 14.85 mm). Individual reference keys were manufactured and reversibly fixed on implants. A conventional (CVI) and a digital (DI) implant impression was made. The implant positions (center points) of conventional and digital models were measured (coordinate‐measuring machine/three‐dimensional analysis software) and superimposed with the positions of the reference keys to compare the deviations of the conventional and digital models. For statistical analysis, ANOVA with MIXED procedure was applied (p < .05).ResultsMean deviation ranged from 0.040±0.029 mm (DI/upper jaw) to 0.079 ± 0.050 mm (DI/lower jaw). There were significant differences between the CVI and DI impressions in the lower jaw (p < .05). No significant differences in transfer accuracy were found between partially and completely edentulous patients for the impression methods.ConclusionsWithin the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that full‐arch digital implant impressions of the upper jaw in partially or completely edentulous patients showed comparable results to conventional implant impressions. However, with regard to the implant position transfer accuracy, there are still limitations for digital impression in the lower jaw.
Regulatory T cells in ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Huan , Wang Zhao , Wu Qianqian , Yuan Yujia , Cao Wen , Zhang Xiangjian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe pathophysiological mechanisms of neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, and neuroplasticity are currently the hotspots of researches in ischemic stroke. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of T cells that control inflammatory and immune responses in the body, are closely related to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. They participate in the inflammatory response and neuroplasticity process of ischemic stroke by various mechanisms, such as secretion of anti‐inflammatory factors, inhibition of pro‐inflammatory factors, induction of cell lysis, production of the factors that promote neural regeneration, and modulation of microglial and macrophage polarization. However, it remains unclear whether Tregs play a beneficial or deleterious role in ischemic stroke and the effect of Tregs in different stages of ischemic stroke. Here, we discuss the dynamic changes of Tregs at various stages of experimental and clinical stroke, the potential mechanisms under Tregs in regulating stroke and the preclinical studies of Tregs‐related treatments, in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment.