bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single node deep learning frameworks: Comparative study and CPU/GPU performance analysis
Authors: Lerat Jean‐Sébastien , Mahmoudi Sidi Ahmed , Mahmoudi Saïd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeep learning presents an efficient set of methods that allow learning from massive volumes of data using complex deep neural networks. To facilitate the design and implementation of algorithms, deep learning frameworks provide a high‐level programming interface. Based on these frameworks, new models, and applications are able to make better and better predictions. One type of deep learning application is the Internet of Things that can gather a continuous flow of data, which causes an explosion of the amount of data. Therefore, to handle this data management issue, computation technologies can offer new perspectives to analyze more data with more complex models. In this context, a cluster of computers can operate to quickly deliver a model or to enable the design of a complex neural network spread among computers. An alternative is to distribute a deep learning task with HPC cloud computing resources and to scale cluster in order to quickly and efficiently train a neural network. As a first step to design an infrastructure aware framework which is able to scale the computing nodes, this work aims to review and analyze the state‐of‐the‐art frameworks by collecting device utilization data during the training task. We gather information about the CPU, RAM and the GPU utilization on deep learning algorithms with and without multi‐threading. The behavior of each framework is discussed and analyzed in order to shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of the different deep learning frameworks.
Opto‐Electromagnetics and Resonance Activities of Oxalic Acid Embedded Manganese and Cadmium‐Mixed Crystals
Authors: D'Souza Delma , K. P. Nagaraja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractManganese‐mixed barium oxalate (MMBO) and cadmium‐mixed zinc oxalate (CMZO) crystals are fabricated using a gel technique. The foregrounded crystals are characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Chemical constituents, cationic distribution, functional groups, thermal stability, and degradation behavior of MMBO and CMZO crystals are explored in succession with the aid of energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis respectively. MMBO crystal embeds a molecular weight of 223.419 (chemical formula Mn0.4607Ba0.5394C2O42H2O), whereas CMZO ingrains by a molecular weight of 212.656 (chemical formula Zn0.6976Cd0.3024C2O42.5H2O). Both the crystals possess band gap energies (Eg ≈ 6 eV), large dielectric constant, leakage resistance in GΩ, capacitance in pF, excellent thermal stability (890 °C), opaqueness to electrical current and paramagnetic (MMBO)/diamagnetic behaviors (CMZO). Surprisingly, in response to alternating emf, crystal capacitors of MMBO and CMZO exhibit very sharp resonance throws at mid radio frequency range showcasing quartz‐like extremely high quality factor. Distinct optoelectric behavior, outstanding thermal stability and special resonance dynamics signal unique applications in communication–micro‐high‐temperature electronics.
Opposing community assembly patterns for dominant and nondominant plant species in herbaceous ecosystems globally
Authors: Arnillas Carlos Alberto , Borer Elizabeth T. , Seabloom Eric W. , Alberti Juan , Baez Selene , Bakker Jonathan D. , Boughton Elizabeth H. , Buckley Yvonne M. , Bugalho Miguel Nuno , Donohue Ian , Dwyer John , Firn Jennifer , Gridzak Riley , Hagenah Nicole , Hautier Yann , Helm Aveliina , Jentsch Anke , Knops Johannes M. H. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , Laanisto Lauri , Laungani Ramesh , McCulley Rebecca , Moore Joslin L. , Morgan John W. , Peri Pablo Luis , Power Sally A. , Price Jodi , Sankaran Mahesh , Schamp Brandon , Speziale Karina , Standish Rachel , Virtanen Risto , Cadotte Marc W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiotic and abiotic factors interact with dominant plants—the locally most frequent or with the largest coverage—and nondominant plants differently, partially because dominant plants modify the environment where nondominant plants grow. For instance, if dominant plants compete strongly, they will deplete most resources, forcing nondominant plants into a narrower niche space. Conversely, if dominant plants are constrained by the environment, they might not exhaust available resources but instead may ameliorate environmental stressors that usually limit nondominants. Hence, the nature of interactions among nondominant species could be modified by dominant species. Furthermore, these differences could translate into a disparity in the phylogenetic relatedness among dominants compared to the relatedness among nondominants. By estimating phylogenetic dispersion in 78 grasslands across five continents, we found that dominant species were clustered (e.g., co‐dominant grasses), suggesting dominant species are likely organized by environmental filtering, and that nondominant species were either randomly assembled or overdispersed. Traits showed similar trends for those sites (<50%) with sufficient trait data. Furthermore, several lineages scattered in the phylogeny had more nondominant species than expected at random, suggesting that traits common in nondominants are phylogenetically conserved and have evolved multiple times. We also explored environmental drivers of the dominant/nondominant disparity. We found different assembly patterns for dominants and nondominants, consistent with asymmetries in assembly mechanisms. Among the different postulated mechanisms, our results suggest two complementary hypotheses seldom explored: (1) Nondominant species include lineages adapted to thrive in the environment generated by dominant species. (2) Even when dominant species reduce resources to nondominant ones, dominant species could have a stronger positive effect on some nondominants by ameliorating environmental stressors affecting them, than by depleting resources and increasing the environmental stress to those nondominants. These results show that the dominant/nondominant asymmetry has ecological and evolutionary consequences fundamental to understand plant communities.
Larger body size leads to greater female beluga whale ovarian reproductive activity at the southern periphery of their range
Authors: Ferguson Steven H. , Yurkowski David J. , Hudson Justine M. , Edkins Tera , Willing Cornelia , Watt Cortney A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIdentification of phenotypic characteristics in reproductively successful individuals provides important insights into the evolutionary processes that cause range shifts due to environmental change. Female beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Baffin Bay region (BB) of the Canadian Arctic in the core area of the species’ geographic range have larger body size than their conspecifics at the southern range periphery in Hudson Bay (HB). We investigated the mechanism for this north and south divergence as it relates to ovarian reproductive activity (ORA = total corpora) that combines morphometric data with ovarian corpora counted from female reproductive tracts. Our study aim was to assess the relative influence of age and body size of female beluga whale on ORA in the two populations. Female beluga whale ORA increased more quickly with age (63% partial variation explained) in BB than in HB (41%). In contrast, body length in HB female beluga whales accounted for considerably more of the total variation (12% vs. 1%) in ORA compared to BB whales. We speculate that female HB beluga whale ORA was more strongly linked with body length due to higher population density resulting in food competition that favors the energetic advantages of larger body size during seasonal food limitations. Understanding the evolutionary mechanism of how ORA varies across a species’ range will assist conservation efforts in anticipating and mitigating future challenges associated with a warming planet.
Multidecadal changes in functional diversity lag behind the recovery of taxonomic diversity
Authors: Baker Nathan Jay , Pilotto Francesca , Haubrock Phillip Joschka , Beudert Burkhard , Haase Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile there has been increasing interest in how taxonomic diversity is changing over time, less is known about how long‐term taxonomic changes may affect ecosystem functioning and resilience. Exploring long‐term patterns of functional diversity can provide key insights into the capacity of a community to carry out ecological processes and the redundancy of species’ roles. We focus on a protected freshwater system located in a national park in southeast Germany. We use a high‐resolution benthic macroinvertebrate dataset spanning 32 years (1983–2014) and test whether changes in functional diversity are reflected in taxonomic diversity using a multidimensional trait‐based approach and regression analyses. Specifically, we asked: (i) How has functional diversity changed over time? (ii) How functionally distinct are the community's taxa? (iii) Are changes in functional diversity concurrent with taxonomic diversity? And (iv) what is the extent of community functional redundancy? Resultant from acidification mitigation, macroinvertebrate taxonomic diversity increased over the study period. Recovery of functional diversity was less pronounced, lagging behind responses of taxonomic diversity. Over multidecadal timescales, the macroinvertebrate community has become more homogenous with a high degree of functional redundancy, despite being isolated from direct anthropogenic activity. While taxonomic diversity increased over time, functional diversity has yet to catch up. These results demonstrate that anthropogenic pressures can remain a threat to biotic communities even in protected areas. The differences in taxonomic and functional recovery processes highlight the need to incorporate functional traits in assessments of biodiversity responses to global change.
Dynamic characteristics assessment of the Denis‐Perron dam (SM‐3) based on ambient noise measurements
Authors: Verret Daniel , LeBoeuf Denis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStanding at a height of 171 m in a narrow valley, the Denis‐Perron dam is the highest embankment dam in Québec, Canada. Between 1998 and 2002, the structure was equipped with three‐component digital strong‐motion accelerometers. The seismic data recorded during three small earthquakes allowed for the estimation of the fundamental vibration frequency (fn) values of the dam in three directions. As part of the present research study, 10 sets of ambient noise measurements were acquired at the dam using six velocimeters, aiming to evaluate the possible 3D site effects and determine the fn values. The first analyses of these experimental data consisted of processing the individual signals with the simple “reference‐dependent spectral” and “ambient vibration horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio (HVSR)” methods. A more advanced modal analysis combining synchronized measurements led to the establishment of additional higher vibration frequency modes and modal shapes. The consistency between the fn values obtained using the simple methods and those from the advanced modal analysis was noticeable. The seismic data provided an exceptional opportunity to validate the experimental data. A comprehensive analysis was thus conducted to compare the dynamic parameters calculated from the processed experimental data with those resulting from the seismic data and proved the values to be similar. In addition, a numerical modal analysis of the 3D valley‐dam system corroborated the plausibility of the vibration modes obtained from the experimental synchronized ambient noise modal analysis. All of these analyses demonstrate the potential of the ambient noise technique for identifying the dynamic characteristics of large rockfill dams built in narrow valleys, without the need for the costly installation and maintenance of accelerometers in low‐seismicity areas.
Aquatic carbon concentrations and fluxes in a degraded blanket peatland with piping and pipe outlet blocking
Authors: Regensburg Taco H. , Holden Joseph , Pilkington Michael , Evans Martin G. , Chandler David , Chapman Pippa J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoil piping is an important agent of erosion in many environments, including blanket peatlands. Peatland restoration that aims to reduce erosion has mainly focussed on revegetation and blocking ditches and gullies, rather than reducing erosion from natural soil pipes. However, little is known about the contribution of pipeflow to the fluvial carbon budget of degraded blanket peatlands and whether it is possible to moderate it. In a heavily degraded blanket bog, dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC), and water colour, from two catchments were compared before and after half of the pipe outlets in one catchment were blocked. One blocked pipe was monitored for discharge and water quality both pre‐ and post‐blocking as new pipe outlets had formed around the blocked outlet. Both pre‐ and post‐blocking, maximum concentrations of DOC and POC were markedly higher in pipe‐water than stream‐water, with ratios of 1.2 (pre) and 1.3 (post) for DOC, and 4.8 (pre) and 8.8 (post) for POC, rendering pipe‐to‐stream transfer more effective for DOC than POC due to the deposition of POC close to pipe outlets. The increase in DOC and POC flux post‐blocking in both catchments was near‐identical, suggesting pipe outlet blocking was ineffective in reducing fluvial carbon export from pipe networks. Extrapolation of pipe fluxes to catchment scale showed pipes potentially contribute c. 56% of DOC exported by the stream, and that more POC was produced by pipes than was exported by the stream. Our work highlights that pipes need to be considered when seeking to reduce fluvial carbon export in degraded blanket peatlands.
Using singleton densities to detect recent selection inBos taurus
Authors: Hartfield Matthew , Poulsen Nina Aagaard , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Bataillon Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany quantitative traits are subject to polygenic selection, where several genomic regions undergo small, simultaneous changes in allele frequency that collectively alter a phenotype. The widespread availability of genome data, along with novel statistical techniques, has made it easier to detect these changes. We apply one such method, the “Singleton Density Score” (SDS), to the Holstein breed of Bos taurus to detect recent selection (arising up to around 740 years ago). We identify several genes as candidates for targets of recent selection, including some relating to cell regulation, catabolic processes, neural-cell adhesion and immunity. We do not find strong evidence that three traits that are important to humans—milk protein content, milk fat content, and stature—have been subject to directional selection. Simulations demonstrate that because B. taurus recently experienced a population bottleneck, singletons are depleted so the power of SDS methods is reduced. These results inform on which genes underlie recent genetic change in B. taurus, while providing information on how polygenic selection can be best investigated in future studies.
Agricultural contribution to the nutritional status of children: A comparative study of annual crop, agroforestry, and mixed‐farming type in Buol, Indonesia
Authors: Purwestri Ratna Chrismiari , Lusiana Betha , Wirawan Nia Novita , Fahmi Ilmia , Habibie Intan Yusuf , Sane Mathy , Hochmalová Miroslava , Fetriyuna Fetriyuna , Hájek Miroslav , Handayani Dian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the agriculture contribution to the nutritional status of children from farming families by comparing situation of the annual crop with agroforestry and mixed farming systems. A survey was conducted from December 2015 to January 2016 in Buol, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Household socioeconomic and agricultural data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The dietary intake information of the oldest under‐five children was gathered using a 24‐hour recall of food intake, and the results were converted into food groups and nutrient contents. Focus group discussions among male and female farmers were performed to complement the survey's results. The prevalence of respiratory infection and diarrhea in children in the last 2 weeks was assessed. Furthermore, the weight and height of the children were measured. In total, 200 female/male farmers and their under‐five children from annual food crop (n = 79), agroforestry (n = 53), and mixed (n = 68) farming systems were recruited. A very high prevalence of stunted children (above 30%) was recorded in all the groups, whereas the proportion of wasted children was above 5%. The children's nutritional status indicated that an immediate intervention was needed to prevent further deterioration. The results of the binary logistic regression revealed that yearly food expenditure per capita was negatively and significantly correlated with the risk of being stunted (p = 0.047), whereas nonbreastfed children had a 2.9‐fold higher risk of wasting at the time of the survey (p = 0.014). Of all the farmer groups, mixed farming farmers tended to benefit the most from having high cash revenue and food production, leading to a slightly better nutritional status compared to farmers managing annual crop production or agroforestry systems only. Notably, actions need to be undertaken to improve the resilience of all smallholders as well as promote the provision and spending on nutrient‐dense food for children in all the farmer groups.
Novel amino acid Schiff base Zn(II) complexes as new therapeutic approaches in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease: Synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies
Authors: Şenocak Ayşegül , Taş Nilay A. , Taslimi Parham , Tüzün Burak , Aydin Ali , Karadağ Ahmet 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSchiff bases are compounds that have gained importance in the paint industry due to their colorful nature and in the field of chemistry and biochemistry due to their biological activities. Various biological applications of Schiff bases, such as antitumor, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, antituberculosis, and anthelmintic, have been widely studied. Within the scope of the study, 5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and amino acid methyl esters (isoleucine, phenylalanine, and methionine) and amino acid Schiff bases were synthesized first. The synthesis of the new Zn(II) complexes of these Schiff bases was carried out by the reaction of synthesized Schiff bases and Zn(OAc)2·2H2O. The structures of the synthesized complexes were elucidated using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, UV‐visible, and thermal analysis spectroscopy techniques. These synthesized salts were found to be effective inhibitor compounds for the α‐glycosidase, and acetylcholinesterase enzyme with Ki values in the range of 30.50 ± 3.82–38.17 ± 6.26 µM for α‐glycosidase, 3.68 ± 0.54–10.27 ± 1.68 µM for butyrylcholinesterase, and 6.26 ± 0.83–15.73 ± 4.73 µM for acetylcholinesterase, respectively.
Holistic irreducibility: Humanistic practice as the gateway to phenomenal mind
Authors: Wilkinson Brett D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile scholarly references to “holism” are abundant in the literature, the term is often applied as a synonym for multidimensionality. Humanistic counseling is committed to genuinely holistic practices guided by the principle of irreducibility. From a phenomenological stance, what makes humanistic counseling unique is the guiding assumption that pre‐reflective subjectivity is not only real rather than epiphenomenal, but the basic source of therapeutic change. By examining philosophical distinctions between psychological mind and phenomenal mind, it becomes clear that humanistic therapies facilitate intrapsychic contact with pre‐reflective experience under the presumption that such experiential self‐contact is a precondition for post hoc psychological interpretations of experience. Although humanistic strategies can be applied in non‐humanistic practice, its guiding philosophical position and purposefulness in practice makes it otherwise ungeneralizable. The concept of holistic irreducibility is defined at two conceptual levels and differences between psychological and phenomenal mind are explored through person‐centered and existential therapies.
Significance of preoperative blood tests in the prognosis of colorectal cancer: A prospective, multicenter study from Hungary
Authors: Biró Adrienn , Kolozsi Péter , Nagy Attila , Varga Zsolt , Káposztás Zsolt , Tóth Dezső 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe focus of this study was to analyze the prognostic value of different combinations of inflammatory and coagulation factors using preoperative blood and to appraise the clinical importance of these biomarkers in colorectal cancer patients.MethodsA prospective, multicenter study included patients undergoing radical colorectal surgery in three county hospitals. Inflammatory and coagulation markers were analyzed preoperatively.ResultsTwo hundred and one patients were included. We examined patients based on their tumor localization. Colon cancer group involved patients with the tumor localized in the colon (n = 105, 52.24%) and rectal cancer group the patients with the tumor in the rectum (n = 96, 47.76%). Examining coagulation factors, univariate Cox analysis of colon cancer patients showed that activated partial thromboplastin time (p = 0.020) was significantly associated with overall survival, but we could not prove it in multivariate analysis. In colon cancer patients, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR, p < 0.001) was positively correlated with tumor size and had significant association (χ2 = 5.48, p = 0.019, df = 1) with perineural invasion. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis of colon cancer patients showed that NLR (p = 0.011 and p = 0.048) was significantly associated with disease‐free survival (DFS).ConclusionNLR was proved to be an independent prognostic factor for DFS in patients with non‐metastatic colon cancer. NLR might help to recognize the high‐risk patients between patients with the same tumor‐node‐metastasis stage and could help with the decision on adjuvant chemotherapy. Since the biomarkers in preoperative blood tests are habitually evaluated, NLR could be an inexpensive prognostic marker that can be easily assessed in clinical practice.