bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postchemotherapy tumor volume as a prognostic indicator in Wilms tumor: A single‐center experience from South India
Authors: Joseph Leenu Lizbeth , Boddu Deepthi , Srinivasan Hema Nalapullu , Regi Soumya Susan , Antonisamy Belavendra , John Rikki , Mathew Leni Grace , Totadri Sidharth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOptimal risk stratification is the key to minimizing relapse and toxicity in children with Wilms tumor (WT). The study evaluated poor tumor volume response to chemotherapy as a risk factor that predicts relapse.ProcedureChildren with WT who were treated between 2005 and 2020 at the center were analyzed. Tumor volumes at the time of diagnosis and after preoperative chemotherapy were calculated from cross‐sectional imaging. The International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP)‐WT‐2001 protocol was used for treatment. The area under a receiver operating characteristic curve was estimated to ascertain the ability of tumor volume to predict relapse.ResultsNinety‐five patients with a median age of 40 months were included. A postchemotherapy tumor volume cutoff of 270 ml was ascertained to have the best predictive value for relapse. Patients with a tumor volume of <270 ml following preoperative chemotherapy had a better 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) than those with a tumor volume of ≥270 ml (89.8% ± 4.0% vs. 57.4% ± 12.5%, p = .001). The data demonstrated that a tumor volume of ≥270 ml after chemotherapy was associated with an increased risk of relapse (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.3, p = .006). The EFS in patients with an epithelial or stromal type of histopathology was not affected by the tumor volume response (p = .437). Conversely, patients with other types of intermediate‐risk histopathology who had a poor tumor volume response had an inferior survival (3‐year EFS 51.4% ± 18.7%, p = .001).ConclusionA postchemotherapy tumor volume cutoff of ≥270 ml emerged as a strong predictor of relapse in a low‐ and middle‐income country (LMIC) center study of WT treated with the SIOP protocol.
Functional Colloidal Assemblies Based on Superwettable Substrates
Authors: Cui Liying , Zhang Xue , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractColloidal assembly, which finds numerous applications in functional optics, sensing materials, and other fields, is significantly affected by substrate wettability. In particular, the pinning or sliding of the three‐phase contact line (TCL) strongly influences the assembly process and the resultant functional structures. The present review focuses on this influence and provides a reference for effective colloidal assembly guidance to facilitate the related practical applications, covering the continuous and high‐quality colloidal crystals (CCs) fabricated using superhydrophilic substrates, coffee‐ring‐like assemblies produced using hydrophilic substrates, crack‐free and ultranarrow stopband CCs produced using low‐adhesive superhydrophobic substrates, dome‐like aggregates with excellent wide‐view properties obtained using hydrophobic substrates, and multi‐functional patterns assembled using substrates with hydrophilic‐hydrophobic patterns.
Concluding Thoughts on Life Skills Education for Youth
Authors: Schmidt Dana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the answer to the motivating question for this book: “Which life skills are important, for whom, and how can they be taught?” Drawing on research reflected in the preceding chapters, I highlight three broad themes. First, that teaching life skills helps marginalized adolescents in particular – but should not put the onus of overcoming marginalization squarely on their shoulders. Second, that consensus seems to be emerging that a cluster of social and emotional skills and cognitive abilities like critical thinking are particularly important for success. Third, that the way in which life skills are taught matters as much as which skills are taught. I also reflect on three big barriers that we need to address if we really want to advance the agenda of life skills. First, governments may not embrace the transformative change we want to see. Second, life skills programs are complex to implement and to measure. Lastly, we cannot ignore the risk of unintended consequences on the path to developing life skills. I suggest that each of these challenges is worth contending with to give youth of today a fighting chance to deal with the expected and as-yet unimagined challenges of tomorrow.
Career Life Skills for 10th Grade Boys in Delhi, India: Mapping Information Literacies for Sustainable Development
Authors: Arur Aditi , Sharma Mansi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe pressure is high on career educators to develop information literacies as a life skill for themselves as well as for youth, particularly those from disadvantaged communities, and to document and process career information in a rapidly changing world of work that is relevant to their sociocultural and environmental contexts. We employ a critical or transformative approach to information literacies to explore young people’s socially situated practices of collecting, validating, and processing career information as well as how they might “democratically transform structures of authority over information exchanges, and then maintain scrutiny over this authority” (Whitworth A, Radical information literacy: reclaiming the political heart of the IL movement. Elsevier, 2014, p. 2). We draw from qualitative interviews with ten boys studying in 10th grade at a government school in Delhi, India, and videos produced by them to map their career information landscapes. Using an education for sustainable development lens, “bumps” were made visible in their information landscapes, that is, the tensions that emerge between multiple informational actors for reimagining sustainable futures. We suggest that these tensions can serve as cultural resources that students can democratically engage with in developing crucial career and life skills for their futures.
Digital Humanism and the Limits of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Nida-Rümelin Julian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter is programmatic in style and content. It describes some patterns and one central argument of that, what I take as the view of digital humanism and which we exposed in our book (Nida-Rümelin and Weidenfeld 2018). The central argument regards the critique of strong and weak AI. This chapter does not discuss the logical and metaphysical aspects of digital humanism that I take to be part of the broader context of the theory of reason (Nida-Rümelin 2020, Chaps. VI and VII).
Cultural Influences on Artificial Intelligence: Along the New Silk Road
Authors: Hardman Lynda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractApplications of AI, in particular data-driven decision-making, concern citizens, governments, and corporations. China was one of the first countries to have identified AI as a key technology in which to invest heavily and develop a national strategy. This in turn has led to many other countries and the European Union (EU) to develop their own strategies. The societal investments and applications of AI are so far-reaching that looking only at the resulting technological innovations is insufficient. Instead, we need to be aware of the societal implications of AI applications—of which there are many—as well as the geopolitical role of business and academic players.
Contact Tracing Apps: A Lesson in Societal Aspects of Technological Development
Authors: Hötzendorfer Walter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOverall, there might be more important aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the global fight against it than contact tracing apps. But the case of the contact tracing apps tells us an interesting story in the context of Digital Humanism. It shows us that the principle of privacy by design has reached practice and what it can mean and achieve. Unfortunately, it is also a lesson about the societal limitations of privacy by design in practice. It is a good thing that people are skeptical and ask questions about privacy and data protection. However, it is necessary to differentiate and try to make educated decisions or trust experts and civil society.
The Need for Respectful Technologies: Going Beyond Privacy
Authors: Redmiles Elissa M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDigital technologies, the data they collect, and the ways in which that data is used increasingly effect our psychological, social, economic, medical, and safety-related well-being. While technology can be used to improve our well-being on all of these axes, it can also perpetrate harm. Prior research has focused near exclusively on privacy as a primary harm. Yet, privacy is only one of the many considerations that users have when adopting a technology. In this chapter, I use the case study of COVID-19 apps to argue that this reductionist view on technology harm has prevented effective adoption of beneficial technology. Further, a privacy-only focus risks perpetuating and magnifying existing technology-related inequities. To realize the potential of well-being technology, we need to create technologies that are respectful not only of user privacy but of users’ expectations for their technology use and the context in which that use takes place.
Democratic Discourse in the Digital Public Sphere: Re-imagining Copyright Enforcement on Online Social Media Platforms
Authors: Mendis Sunimal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWithin the current European Union (EU) online copyright enforcement regime—of which Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive [2019] constitutes the seminal legal provision—the role of online content-sharing service providers (OCSSPs) is limited to ensuring that copyright owners obtain fair remuneration for content shared over their platforms (role of “content distributors”) and preventing unauthorized uses of copyright-protected content (“Internet police”). Neither role allows for a recognition of OCSSPs’ role as facilitators of democratic discourse and the duty incumbent on them to ensure that users’ freedom to engage in democratic discourse are preserved. This chapter proposes a re-imagining of the EU legal framework on online copyright enforcement—using the social planning theory of copyright law as a normative framework—to increase its fitness for preserving and promoting copyright law’s democracy-enhancing function.
Oscillating scalar dissipating in a medium
Authors: Ai Wen-Yuan , Drewes Marco , Glavan Dražen , Hajer Jan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study how oscillations of a scalar field condensate are damped due to dissipative effects in a thermal medium. Our starting point is a non-linear and non-local condensate equation of motion descending from a 2PI-resummed effective action derived in the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism appropriate for non-equilibrium quantum field theory. We solve this non-local equation by means of multiple-scale perturbation theory appropriate for time-dependent systems, obtaining approximate analytic solutions valid for very long times. The non-linear effects lead to power-law damping of oscillations, that at late times transition to exponentially damped ones characteristic for linear systems. These solutions describe the evolution very well, as we demonstrate numerically in a number of examples. We then approximate the non-local equation of motion by a Markovianised one, resolving the ambiguities appearing in the process, and solve it utilizing the same methods to find the very same leading approximate solution. This comparison justifies the use of Markovian equations at leading order. The standard time-dependent perturbation theory in comparison is not capable of describing the non-linear condensate evolution beyond the early time regime of negligible damping. The macroscopic evolution of the condensate is interpreted in terms of microphysical particle processes. Our results have implications for the quantitative description of the decay of cosmological scalar fields in the early Universe, and may also be applied to other physical systems.
Accumulation dynamics of ARGONAUTE proteins during meiosis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Oliver Cecilia , Martinez German 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMeiosis is a specialized cell division that is key for reproduction and genetic diversity in sexually reproducing plants. Recently, different RNA silencing pathways have been proposed to carry a specific activity during meiosis, but the pathways involved during this process remain unclear. Here, we explored the subcellular localization of different ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins, the main effectors of RNA silencing, during male meiosis inArabidopsis thalianausing immunolocalizations with commercially available antibodies. We detected the presence of AGO proteins associated with posttranscriptional gene silencing (AGO1, 2, and 5) in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, while AGOs associated with transcriptional gene silencing (AGO4 and 9) localized exclusively in the nucleus. These results indicate that the localization of different AGOs correlates with their predicted roles at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels and provide an overview of their timing and potential role during meiosis.
Power spectral density analysis for nonlinear systems based on Volterra series
Authors: Wu Penghui , Zhao Yan , Xu Xianghong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA consequence of nonlinearities is a multi-harmonic response via a mono-harmonic excitation. A similar phenomenon also exists in random vibration. The power spectral density (PSD) analysis of random vibration for nonlinear systems is studied in this paper. The analytical formulation of output PSD subject to the zero-mean Gaussian random load is deduced by using the Volterra series expansion and the conception of generalized frequency response function (GFRF). For a class of nonlinear systems, the growing exponential method is used to determine the first 3rd-order GFRFs. The proposed approach is used to achieve the nonlinear system’s output PSD under a narrow-band stationary random input. The relationship between the peak of PSD and the parameters of the nonlinear system is discussed. By using the proposed method, the nonlinear characteristics of multi-band output via single-band input can be well predicted. The results reveal that changing nonlinear system parameters gives a one-of-a-kind change of the system’s output PSD. This paper provides a method for the research of random vibration prediction and control in real-world nonlinear systems.
A farewell to the lone hero researcher: team research and writing
Authors: Sandberg Sveinung , Ibarra Rojas Lucero 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCriminology have long celebrated the lone hero researcher. Doing and writing up research in solitude has been the key to academic success and institutional promotions. However, the social sciences in general have increasingly moved towards more collaborative ways of doing research, and co-authorship has become more common. In this study, we summarize and discuss the pros and cons of working in teams when doing qualitative research. Drawing upon our own experiences from Mexico and Norway, we argue for a radical approach to team research and co-authorship, which we describe as team writing. Most importantly, we suggest opening up to include stakeholders and community partners, thus challenging the borders between researchers and those researched. This is arguably particularly important for research done in the academic, geographical and topical periphery of criminology. Team research and writing answers some of the critique of power inequality, representativity and lack of diversity in contemporary academic research. We also believe that team research, and writing, can make criminological research more multifaceted, reflexive, and thus better.
Structure of genetic diversity and genome-wide association studies of bean fly (Ophiomyia spencerella) resistance in common bean
Authors: Ojwang Pascal P. Okwiri , Eldridge Tilly , Corredor-Moreno Pilar , Njung’e Vincent 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEastern Africa is a significant region of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production and genetic diversity. Insect pests are a major biotic constraint in subsistence crop production systems. Bean fly (Ophiomyia spencerella) is a serious pest of beans in eastern Africa highlands. Breeding efforts focus on combining adaptability traits with user preferred seed types. However, lack of information on molecular markers linked to genes modulating bean fly resistance has slowed breeding progress. The objectives were to: (i) characterize genetic diversity and uncover putative bean fly resistant genotypes within diverse seed types and market classes and (ii) identify genomic regions controlling bean fly resistance using genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). A set of 276 diverse genotypes comprising local landraces and varieties from Kenya alongside introductions from International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), were assembled. The germplasm represented varied bean production ecologies and seed types. Genetic diversity conforming to Andean and Mesoamerican genepools was established. Out of 276 genotypes evaluated, 150 were Andean, 74 were Mesoamerican and 52 were admixed. Twenty-two genotypes were resistant to bean fly. Association mapping results for stem damage score and plant mortality identified six significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes Pv01 and Pv09. The most significant SNP marker was 12 kilobases downstream of Phvul.001G074900 gene with LOD score > 4.0 hence in linkage disequilibrium with the postulated gene. The identified candidate gene is pleiotropic and modulates both flowering time and plant responses to stress. These findings are a key step towards marker-enabled breeding in common bean for sub-Saharan Africa.
De/colonizing OpenStreetMap? Local mappers, humanitarian and commercial actors and the changing modes of collaborative mapping
Authors: Schröder-Bergen Susanne , Glasze Georg , Michel Boris , Dammann Finn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn its early days, the geodata and mapping project OpenStreetMap (OSM) was widely celebrated for opening up and “democratizing” the production of geographic knowledge. However, critical research highlights that the new socio-technical practices of collaborative mapping often also produce or reproduce patterns of exclusion, not least in the area of relative data density between the Global South and North. These findings notwithstanding, we consider it important to acknowledge the increasing number of contributions of geodata from regions outside the old European core of OSM. This expansion of geodata production in OSM is related to a diversification of OSM actors and socio-technical practices. While OSM has often been described as a crowd-based project bringing together thousands of individual craft mappers, our analysis of OSM metadata indicates new institutional actors are gaining relevance. These developments have not only resulted in new collaborations but also conflicts between local mapping communities and institutional actors. We interpret these processes in two ways. First, the expansion of mapping activities can be viewed as adecolonizingprocess, whereby quantitative differences in data density between the Global North and South are partly reduced and new groups of local mappers are empowered to produce geographic knowledge. Second, these new developments can also be understood ascolonizingprocesses. The engagement of large commercial actors in OSM raises concerns that the project (and its local mappers) could be used as a new means of data extraction and that in particular new and diverse voices in the OSM community are marginalized by a fixation on economically exploitable, modernistic and universalistic epistemologies. However, this supposedly clear distinction should not obscure the fact that colonizing and decolonizing processes intertwine in complex ways.
The forgotten agriculture-nutrition link: farm technologies and human energy requirements
Authors: Daum Thomas , Birner Regina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the quest to reduce global under- and malnutrition, which are particularly high among smallholder farmers, agriculture-nutrition linkages are receiving increasing attention. Researchers have analyzed the link between the quantity and diversity of food that farmers produce and nutritional outcomes but paid limited attention to a third agriculture-nutrition link: the link between how food is produced and nutritional outcomes. This neglect persists despite the majority of smallholder farmers relying on hand tools for farming, which implies heavy physical work and, thus, high energy requirements. To address this research gap, this study compares the energy requirements of farm households in rural Zambia that are characterized by three different levels of mechanization: hand tools, animal drought power, and tractors. 1638 days of detailed time-use and nutrition data were collected from 186 male and female adults and boys and girls during different seasons (land preparation, weeding, and harvesting/processing) using an innovative picture-based smartphone app called “Timetracker”. This data served to calculate different proxies for physical activity and energy requirements using “Ainsworth’s Compendium of Physical Activities”. The results suggest that detailed time-use data offers great potentials to study physical activity and energy requirements. The findings show strong linkages between farm technologies, physical activity levels, and energy requirements, suggesting that this agriculture-nutrition link deserves more scientific and political attention to reduce under- and malnutrition among smallholder farmers.
GNOME: A Dynamic Dispatch and Investment Optimisation Model of the European Natural Gas Network and Its Suppliers
Authors: Lochran Stevie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs indigenous production declines, the European gas market is becoming increasingly dependent on imports. This poses energy security questions for a number of countries, particularly in the north-east of Europe. A suite of mathematical models of the European natural gas network has been borne from these concerns and has traditionally been used to assess supply disruption scenarios. The literature reveals that most existing European gas network models are insufficiently specified to analyse changes in supply and demand dynamics, appraise proposed infrastructure investments, and assess the impacts of supply disruption scenarios over a range of time horizons. Furthermore, those that are suited to these applications are typically proprietary and therefore publicly unavailable. This offers an opportunity to present a new model. The Gas Network Optimisation Model for Europe (GNOME) is a dynamic, highly granular mixed-integer linear optimisation model of the European natural gas network and its exogenous suppliers. GNOME represents demand and supply for all EU-27 Member States except Cyprus, Luxembourg, and Malta. The UK, Norway, Switzerland, Belarus, Ukraine, and Turkey are also included. Russia, the Southern Corridor suppliers, Qatar, North Africa, Nigeria, and the Americas are modelled as supply-only regions. GNOME satisfies gas demand in each country by generating a cost-minimal mix of indigenous gas production, pipeline flows, LNG imports, and storage use. If demand cannot be met using existing infrastructure, GNOME will generate a cost-optimal investment strategy of pipeline, LNG regasification, and gas storage capacity additions. The model solves on a monthly basis, from 2025 to 2040, in 5-year steps. The capabilities of GNOME are demonstrated by tasking it to analyse the impacts of a failure to complete the upcoming Nord Stream 2 pipeline between Russia and Germany. The complete formulation of GNOME including input files, equations, and source code is provided.