bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel roles of DNA variation in maintenance of AT rich genome and conserved function in rats
Authors: Zinski Amy , Wang Weimin , Michal Jennifer , Woods Leah Solberg , McLaughlin Ryan , Jiang Zhihua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Whether or not DNA variation changes genome-wide nucleotide compositions remains largely unknown. By examining 4,604,291 DNA variants between two rat strains, we observed that sequencing depth is strongly correlated with genome content as 21.41, 38.36, 44.26 and 6512.70 average reads per locus were collected for Y, X, autosomes and mitochondrial (MT) genomes; respectively (P<0.0001). The mutation rates corresponding to these four genome subsets were 0.055, 0.401, 1.733 and 4.475 variants per kb (P<0.0001), confirming the links between recombination frequencies and DNA variability. Although SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) tend to reduce AT content, more CG deletions than CG insertions (INDELs) implies the GC content would not increase. Therefore, the SNP-INDEL interplay may play a key role in maintenance of the AT-rich genomes in rat during evolution. Formation of CpG sites appear to be hindered because genome-wide G INDELs (1.38%) with C as the 5’-nucleotide and CG INDELs (1.19%) are rare. However, the relatively high C—>G/G—>C rate in 5’UTRs (untranslated regions) and G/C INDELs in the 5’UTR and/or exonic regions highlight their importance for execution of gene function. Our study provides evidence that DNA variation does not jeopardize genome stability and functional conservation during evolution.
WITHDRAWN: Production of Intensifying Blue Light by Cherenkov Radiation Phenomena and Their Use as Power Source Applications
Authors: El-Shemy Shima , Eissa Mostafa , Arafa Aly 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is interesting to note in recent years for a large number of researchers the topic of photonic crystals (PhCs) because of their new and useful properties. In addition, there are many advantages to photonic crystals materials as a high reflectance materials as well as the high transmittance materials based on the target application. The calculations were done for Aluminum oxide and titanium oxide (Al2O3/TiO2) composite photonic crystal in one dimension, which shows a high reflectivity (~ 99 %). The chosen photonic crystal composite can be useful to reflect the Cherenkov light many times which comes out from Cherenkov radiation by using radioisotope 90Sr-90Y. The output intensified light has power 1.45 µwatt and 1.45 nwatt for 90Sr-90Y with the activity 1Ci and 1mCi respectively, that can be used for micro/nano-power source applications.
Feature Extraction and Clustering for Static Video Summarization
Authors: Sun Yunyun , Li Peng , Liu Yutong , Jiang Zhaohui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Numerous limitations of shot based and content based key frame extraction approaches have encouraged the development of cluster based methods. This work provides OTMW, Optimal Threshold and Maximum Weight clustering method, as a novel cluster based key frame extraction method. The video feature dataset is constructed by computing the color, texture and information complexity features of frame images. An optimization function is developed to compute the optimal clustering threshold. It is constrained by fidelity and ratio measure parameters. We turn to an empirical study on the proposed method in multi-type video key frame extraction tasks and compare it with popular cluster based methods including Mean-shift, DBSCAN, GMM and K-means. OTWM method achieves an average fidelity and ratio of 96.12 and 97.13, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that OTMW can bring higher fidelity and ratio performance, while still maintaining a competitive performance over other cluster based methods. Overall, the proposed method can accurately extract key frames from multi-type videos.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma of the Cerebellopontine Angle: Epidemiological Characteristics and Imaging Features May Be Helpful for Making an Accurate Preoperative Diagnosis
Authors: Zheng Jian , Zhang Buyi , Huang Zhaoxu , Ling Hui , Dou Zhangqi , Wu Jiawei , Jin Taian , Lu Danchan , Sun Chongran 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) is rare, thus the preoperative diagnosis is still a challenge.MethodsWe searched the database at our institution and performed a search of English literature in PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords used were as follows: “primary central nervous system lymphoma”; “cerebellopontine angle”; “lymphoma”. Only cases in the English language that were located in the CPA and contained adequate clinical information pertinent to the analysis were included.Results297 cases of pathologically confirmed PCNSLs were recorded between January 2009 and October 2020 at our institution. 6 cases were located in the CPA, accounting for 2.0% of all PCNSLs. 26 cases meeting the above criteria were found in the literature. Including ours, a total of 32 patients were analyzed. Females were more frequently affected (F/M ratio, 2.2:1). There was a preponderance of left-sided lesions in the PCNSLs of the CPA (L/R ratio, 1.5:1). On CT, 80.0% of them presented as hyperdense lesions. On T1-weighted image, 66.7% appeared isointense. While on T2-weighted image (T2WI), 68.4% appeared isointense/hypointense. After contrast administration, 86.2% presented intense homogeneous enhancement.ConclusionPCNSL of the CPA is extremely rare, accounting for 2.0% of all PCNSLs in our study. There is a preponderance of females and left-sided lesions in this disease. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with T2WI is very helpful in the preoperative diagnosis of the CPA PCNSL. Although rare, lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of CPA lesions.
Severity Distribution and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in China: Baseline Results of an Observational Study
Authors: Yang Ting , Cai Baiqiang , Cao Bin , Kang Jian , Wen Fuqiang , Chen Yahong , Jian Wenhua , Shang Hongyan , Wang Chen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receives low awareness and is undertreated in China. Understanding the burden and treatment of COPD across the nation is important for improving quality of care for this disease. This study aims to reveal the current situation of COPD severity distribution and management across China.MethodsBaseline data from REALizing and Improving Management of Stable COPD in China, a multicentre, prospective, longitudinal, observational study, were analysed. Patients diagnosed with COPD as per Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2016 (GOLD 2016) were enrolled from 50 randomly selected hospitals (tertiary, 25; secondary, 25) across six geographical regions. Data were collected in routine clinical settings. ResultsBetween 15 December 2017 and 6 August 2020, 5013 patients were enrolled and 4978 included in the full analysis set. Of these, 2459 (49.4%) reported ³ 1 exacerbation within 12 months, with a mean annual rate of 0.9/patient, including 0.2/patient and 0.5/patient leading to emergency room visits and hospitalisation, respectively. Spirometry graded 458 (10.1%), 1886 (41.7%), 1558 (34.5%), and 616 (13.6%) were GOLD stage I–IV, and 536 (11.4%), 1034 (22.0%), 563 (12.0%), and 2566 (54.6%) were classified as GOLD 2016 Group A–D, respectively, without evident regional variations. Inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting beta2-agonist (ICS/LABA, 1316 [26.4%]), ICS/LABA plus long-acting muscarinic antagonist (ICS/LABA + LAMA, 871 [17.5%]), and LAMA (754 [15.1%]) were prescribed at high rates across all groups and regions. Medications not recommended by GOLD were commonly prescribed (TCM, 578 [11.6%]; others, 951 [19.1%]), and 681 (13.7%) were not given ICS or long-acting bronchodilators.ConclusionsDisease burden among Chinese COPD outpatients is high. Improved guideline adherence for COPD treatment is needed.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT03131362.
Combinatorial Approach of poly-D, L-lactide Encapsulated Quercetin, Piperlongumine and Curcumin Inhibits Tumour Growth in Balb/c Mice, the Colon Cancer Model
Authors: YADAV RAM DHAN , Chaudhary Abha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Colon cancer has become an extreme danger to human lives due to high frequency and mortality around the world. The natural formulations based on the nanoparticles have been found promising in terms of cost, procedure and side effects. In this study, for the first time, three natural molecules- quercetin, piperlongumine and curcumin were encapsulated in biodegradable poly-D,L-lactide nanoparticles to check their anticancer potential against the colon cancer (DMH-DSS). The pure molecules, blank and loaded nanoparticles were given to the colon cancer model (BALB/c mice) and evaluated the anticancer potential of the nano-formulations. Ficus benghalensis (Banyan) coated nanoparticles maintained the detectable concentration of quercetin, piperlongumine and curcumin in colon even in liver, kidney and serum after 8 h of administration. In case of sugar coated NPs, quercetin, piperlongumine and curcumin were detected in colon, kidney and liver. Further, it was found that the coating of nanoparticles surface with leaf extract and dextrose sugar enhanced the potential of the formulation. This newly synthesized formulation can have the potential to be explored further as anticancer drug against the colon cancer.
A Novel Superjunction MOSFET with Ultralow Reverse Recovery Charge and Low Switching Loss
Authors: Xia Yun , Chen Wanjun , Zhang Bo , Li Zhaoji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A novel superjunction MOSFET (SJ-MOSFET) for ultralow reverse recovery charge (Q RR ) and low switching loss is proposed and investigated. This device features a P-type Schottky diode and a source field-plate. The P-type Schottky diode consists of Schottky contact and P-base, which is reverse series-connected with body P-N junction diode. And the source field-plate is formed by implementing a polysilicon field-plate electrically coupled to the source, which is on the top of N-pillar. During the reverse conduction state, the P-type Schottky diode is reverse biased, which dramatically suppresses minority carriers injecting into the drift region. Simultaneously, electron accumulation layer formed under the source field-plate, which provides a path for the reverse current. Consequently, compared with the conventional SJ-MOSFET (Conv-SJ-MOSFET), the proposed SJ-MOSFET achieves an 84.0% lower Q RR with almost no sacrifice in other characteristics. Moreover, the proposed device also exhibits 47.4% and 66.0% lower gate charge (Q G ) and gate to drain charge (Q GD ), respectively. The significantly reduced Q G , Q GD , and Q RR contribute to an overall improvement in switching losses and resultant over 54.8% decrease in total power losses with operation frequency higher than 50 kHz, demonstrating great potential of the proposed SJ-MOSFET used in power conversion systems.
CSF3-Receptor Downregulation in Bone Marrow contributes to Ineffectiveness of GCSF in Advanced Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Bihari Chhagan , Baweja Sukriti , Lal Deepika , Shasthry Seggere Murlikrishna , Negi Preeti , Thangariyal Swati , Tripathi Dinesh Mani , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Cirrhosis patients exhibit cytopenia and variable response to GCSF, with benefits in early cirrhosis. GCSF acts through the CSF3-receptor (CSF3R), and changes in CSF3R can affect the response. We investigated the possible mechanism for the lack of efficacy of GCSF in advanced cirrhosisMethodsCirrhotic patients (n = 127) and controls (n = 26) who underwent clinically indicated bone marrow (BM) examination were studied. BMs were assessed for RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CSF3R and associated genes. Circulating GCSF, CSF3R, and carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1) were measured. BM hematopoietic precursor cells and their alterations were examined by flow cytometry. The findings were validated, where the GCSF was administered as for liver regeneration (n = 22) and severe neutropenia (n = 15)ResultsThe mean age was 48.6 ± 13.4 years, 80.3% males. Gene set enrichment analysis showed lowered CSF3R in Child's C compared to A, confirmed by qRT-PCR and IHC. Circulatory CSF3R was also reduced in advanced cirrhosis. CSF3R decline was related to decrease hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and downregulation of CSF3R in remaining HSCs. CSF3R inhibitory protein CEACAM1 caused CSF3R downregulation. CEACAM-1, in turn, positively correlated with the increased lysosomal expression in HSCs. Peripheral blood-CSF3R was lesser in those cases who developed an infection Baseline CSF3R was also lower in G-CSF non-responders.ConclusionsCSF3R is downregulated in patients with advanced cirrhosis, and it could be the underlying cause of the inadequate response to GCSF.
Assessment of vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors among Children Aged 12–23 Months In Debre Tabor Town, North West Ethiopia, 2019: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Emiru Tigabu Desie , Tesgera Debrework , Getnet Marye , Tiruneh Chalie Marew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGlobally around 2.5 million children under five years of age die every year due to vaccine-preventable diseases. Still, immunization coverage in Ethiopia is low and needs further investigation.ObjectiveThe study was aimed to assess complete immunization coverage and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia. MethodsCommunity-based cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 12–23 months from March 1st to March 30th, 2019 at Debre Tabor town. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select 824 pairs of mothers to children from the study households. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was fitted to identify the association between dependent and independent variables. ResultA total of 824 mothers/caretakers were interviewed and almost all of the children took at least a single dose of vaccine. The complete immunization coverage was 80.2%. The odd of complete immunization was; 6 times higher among mothers who gave birth at health facility than at home (AOR 6.29 [95% CI: 2.21, 17.96]), who had planned pregnancy were 4 times higher than who did not (AOR 4.08 [95% CI: 2.20, 7.55]), a home visit by health workers were 3 folds higher (AOR 3.37 [95% CI: 2.13, 5.33]) and who had good knowledge were 3 times higher than those with poor knowledge (AOR 3.48 [95%CI: 2.25, 5.38]).Conclusion and RecommendationThe prevalence of complete immunization coverage was found to be low among children aged 12–23 months compared to Ethiopia's 2019/20 target which was 95%. Mothers who deliver at the health facility, planned pregnancy, home visits by health workers, and knowledge of mothers on immunization were associated factors. Preventing unplanned pregnancy, promoting institutional delivery, and improving mother’s knowledge on child immunization intend to be strengthened.
Primary Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma of Sigmoid Mesocolon: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Nie Xinyang , Fu Weihua , Li Chuan , Li Lu , Li Weidong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) is a very rare mesenchymal malignancy, characterized by the production of osteoid, bone or chondroid material and typically located in the soft tissue without attachment to skeletal bones and periosteum. One of the things that ESOS originated from mesentery is much rarer. Case presentation: A 75-year female with a more than 4-months history of pain in the left lower abdomen. Abdominal computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large, irregular and solid-cystic mass, which largest diameter was 11.5cm. The tumor was radically removed during open operation. The tumor was composed of abundant osteoid and polyhedral-shaped tumor cells with high atypia and high mitotic activity microscopically. The final pathological diagnosis was osteoblastic osteosarcoma, arising from the sigmoid mesocolon with negative margins. The patient was followed up 5 months after surgery and found no signs of systemic metastasis Conclusion: Given the rarity of cases of mesenteric ESOS, diagnosis mainly depended on pathology findings or should be taken into consideration when the mesenteric mass was found. Its most effective treatment had not been determined, with surgical excision was generally accepted. Negative surgical margin may be an important factor affecting the prognosis.
DJ-1 Activates the Noncanonical NF-κB Pathway via Interaction with Cezanne to Inhibit the Apoptosis and Promote the Proliferation of Ishikawa Cells
Authors: Zhu Qi-Zhou , Liu Hao-Yue , Zhao Xiao-Yan , Qiu Le-Jia , Zhou Ting-Ting , Wang Xue-Ying , chen He-Ping , Xiao Zhong-Qing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Endometrial cancer is generally one of the most evident malignant tumours of the female reproductive system, and the mechanisms underlying its cell proliferation and apoptosis are key to research in gynaecological oncology. In the paper, the in-depth molecular mechanism by which DJ-1 protein regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of Ishikawa cells was investigated. DJ-1 knockdown and overexpressing Ishikawa stable cell lines were established by lentiviral transduction. The levels of DJ-1 and noncanonical NF-κB signaling proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were applied to analyze the cell viability and apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation experiment was utilized to assess the DJ-1-Cezanne interaction. The results showed that DJ-1 overexpression conferred apoptosis resistance and high proliferation on Ishikawa cells, while DJ-1 knockdown in Ishikawa cells produced the opposite results. These findings again suggested that DJ-1 inhibits the apoptosis and promotes the proliferation of Ishikawa cells. More crucially, further data showed that the noncanonical NF-κB activation was required for the regulation of Ishikawa cell proliferation and apoptosis by DJ-1. Meanwhile, it was found that noncanonical NF-κB pathway may be activated by DJ-1 interacting with and negatively regulating Cezanne in Ishikawa cells. Overall, this work revealed that DJ-1 associates with and negatively regulates Cezanne and consequently triggers the noncanonical NF-κB activation, thereby regulating Ishikawa cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Memory Impairment Related to NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and TRPC5 Decrease in Hippocampal Excitatory Synapses in Microglia Knockout IL-10 Mice
Authors: Huo Shiji , Ren Jiling , Ma Yunqing , Ozathaley Ahsawle , Yuan Wenjian , Ni Hong , Li Dong , Liu Zhaowei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Members of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) protein family are widely distributed in the hippocampus of mammals and exert respective and cooperative influences on the functions of neurons. The relationship between specific TRPC subtypes and neuroinflammation is receiving increasing attention. Here, using Cx3cr1CreER IL-10−/−transgenic mice and their littermates, we demonstrated that Cx3cr1CreER IL-10−/− mice displayed spatial memory deficits in object location recognition (OLR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. The decreased levels of TRPC4 and TRPC5 in the hippocampal regions were verified via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence tests. The expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin in the hippocampus decreased with an imbalance in the local inflammatory environment in the hippocampus. The number of cells positive for ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), increased with the high expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Cx3cr1CreER IL-10−/− mice. The nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was also involved in this process, and the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 activated by NLRP3 were also elevated by western blotting. The colocalization of TRPC5 and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) significantly decreased TRPC5 expression in excitatory neurons. AAV9-CaMKIIα-TRPC5 was used to upregulate TRPC5 in excitatory neurons in the hippocampus. The results showed that the upregulation of TRPC5 improved the memory performance of Cx3cr1CreER IL-10−/− mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-associated inflammatory activity.
The Prompting Effects of MT1-MMP on EMT in Breast Cancer
Authors: cao weiwei , HE Jianwei , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Licui , Azeem Inayat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveEpithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was the initial process of invasion and metastasis leading to a relapse of breast cancer following resection and chemo-radiotherapy. Membrane type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) was confirmed to play an important role in EMT in various cancers. However, the MT1-MMP effects on EMT in breast cancer had not yet been studied. Here,We investigated the MT1-MMP effects on breast cancer EMTonset, invasion, and migration abilities in MCF-7 cells. MethodsExpressions of MT1-MMP and EMT-associated proteins including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin were detected by immunohistochemistry in 71 breast cancer resection samples. The relationships of MT1-MMP with clinic- pathological parameters were statistically analyzed, as well as EMT-associated proteins. Western blot tests were performed to test MT1-MMP and EMT-associated proteins expression levels in MCF-7 cells transfected by MT1-MMP plasmid. Wound-healing and transwell experiments were used to estimate MT1-MMP-induced invasion and migration. ResultsOverexpression of MT1-MMP was verified in 71 breast cancer patients. MT1-MMP levels were observed to be correlated with the breast cancer clinical TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and tumor size. The EMT-associated proteins including N-cadherin and Vimentin expression levels were higher both in MT1-MMP strong positive breast cancer resection samples and MCF-7 cells transfected with MT1-MMP plasmid. Furthermore, MCF-7 cells also acquired more ability to migrate and invade according to the results of the wound-healing assays and transwell experiments.Conclusion﻿MT1-MMP was overexpressed in breast cancer tissue, and MT1-MMP promoted breast cancer EMT incidence, which was closely associated with breast cancer invasion and migration.
Assessing Causal Links Between Cytokines and Human Phenotypes: Mendelian-Randomization Study
Authors: Si Shucheng , Xue Fuzhong , Zhang Kai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Cytokines have been implicated in the initiation of human complex diseases, and the causality between cytokines and human phenotypes has not been systematically explored.Methods: Bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariate mendelian randomization (MVMR) with Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) were performed to explore the causality of 41 cytokines and 83 human phenotypes.Results: Inverse variance weighted (IVW) MR showed that MIG, SCGFb, SCF, and MIF had causal effects on ovarian, colon, breast cancer, and their subtypes. Similarly, MCP1, TRAIL, and SCGFb had causal effects on heart failure (HF), stroke and its subtypes, coronary heart disease (CHD), and myocardial infarction (MI). About neurological diseases: MIP1b had positively causal effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and MIG increased the risk of AD. MR-BMA showed that MIP1b was the top priority risk factor for AD and PD; MCP1 was the top risk factor for HF, stroke, and gout; SCF was the top risk factor for ovarian cancer; PDGFbb and SCGFb were the top risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS) (cardioembolic) and type 1 diabetes, respectively. The results of bidirectional MR showed endocrine diseases and autoimmune diseases influenced the circulating levels of cytokines.Conclusions: Our findings showed that cytokines have extensive causal effects on human complex diseases. Chemokines (MCP1, MIP1b) and growth factors (PDGFbb, SCGFb, SCF) could be recommended as valuable biomarkers of chronic diseases.