bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sufferings of the Biblical Job as an Icon of Postmodernity: The ‘loneliness’ of God and the human being in a consumerist paradise
Authors: Stala Józef , Osewska Elżbieta , Bochenek Krzysztof 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores ways in which the attitudes of the biblical Job may enrich postmodernist philosophy by addressing some of its inherent problems. The discussion focuses in particular on the biblical Book of Job that can serve as an example of confronting suffering as a dramatic implication of human life that denies the sense of happiness. In an attempt to suppress this fear, the postmodern human contests, in various ways, the truth of their ontic frailty and the fragility of their constructed “happiness”. The questions that the biblical Job posed to God with a distinct air of resentment and regret seem at first sight to be meaningless as they are thrown into the void of a terrifying Universe. The critique offered here comes out of a Christian philosophical and theological base which posits that belief in the sacrum, transcendence, God and the hope of eternal life are key elements in a meaning system that fosters mental health and human happiness. In the postmodern system of meaning, individuals may no longer question the existence of God for the sake of human freedom, nor seek evidence of God’s non-existence, but simply live as if God does not exist. From a Christian perspective, it appears that non-belief in a transcendent spiritual dimension can inline people in postmodern society to feel that they live in an atmosphere of existential anxiety. Similarly, a Christian critique would consider that it is the postmodernist view of fluidity in all aspects of human life that leads to uncertainty and suffering, a causal consequence that people may not advert to. In this way, confronted with many postmodern phenomena, they may unknowingly live in a world of illusion. The Christian critique would also see it is as necessary and important to address constructively the challenges raised by cultural postmodernity. For this reason, the article will reflect on the realism of human suffering, the forgetting and rejection of God, as well as transcendence.
Computed tomography imaging of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA): pearls and pitfalls
Authors: Aoki Ryo , Kobayashi Yusuke , Nawata Shintaro , Kamide Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Toh , Furugori Shintaro , Sekikawa Zenjiro , Utsunomiya Daisuke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is performed in patients with hemorrhagic shock who develop massive subdiaphragmatic bleeding. This procedure enables rapid and less invasive aortic blockade compared to resuscitative thoracotomy and aortic cross-clamp procedures. However, the REBOA procedure is often blindly performed in the emergency department without fluoroscopy, and the appropriateness of the procedure may be evaluated on computed tomography (CT) after REBOA. Therefore, radiologists should be familiar with the imaging features of REBOA. We present a pictorial review of the radiological findings of REBOA along with a description of the procedure, its complications, and pitfalls.
Risk Factors for the Development of the Disease in Antiphospholipid Antibodies Carriers: A Long-term Follow-up Study
Authors: Pablo Rosalía Demetrio , Cacho Pedro Muñoz , López-Hoyos Marcos , Calvo-Río Vanesa , Riancho-Zarrabeitia Leyre , Martínez-Taboada Víctor M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe natural history of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) carriers is not well-established. The objectives of the present study were (a) to study the probability of developing clinical criteria of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), (b) to identify potential risk factors for developing thrombosis and/or obstetric complications, (c) to study the association between the antibody profile and development of APS, and (d) to determine the efficacy of primary prophylaxis. We retrospectively analyzed 138 subjects with positive aPL who did not fulfill clinical criteria for APS. The mean follow-up time was 138 ± 63.0 months. Thirteen patients (9.4%) developed thrombosis after an average period of 73.0 ± 48.0 months. Independent risk factors for thrombosis were smoking, hypertension, thrombocytopenia, and triple aPL positivity. Low-dose acetyl salicylic acid did not prevent thrombotic events. A total of 28 obstetric complications were detected in 92 pregnancies. During the follow-up, only two women developed obstetric APS. Prophylactic treatment in pregnant women was associated with a better outcome in the prevention of early abortions. The thrombosis rate in patients with positive aPL who do not meet diagnostic criteria for APS is 0.82/100 patients-year. Smoking, hypertension, thrombocytopenia, and the aPL profile are independent risk factors for the development of thrombosis in aPL carriers. Although the incidence of obstetric complications in this population is high (31.6%), only a few of them meet APS criteria. In these women, prophylactic treatment might be effective in preventing early abortions.
Minimal Representations of a Face of a Convex Polyhedron and Some Applications
Authors: Van Tu Ta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method for determining all minimal representations of a face of a polyhedron defined by a system of linear inequalities. Main difficulties for determining prime and minimal representations of a face are that the deletion of one redundant constraint can change the redundancy of other constraints and the number of descriptor index pairs for the face can be huge. To reduce computational efforts in finding all minimal representations of a face, we prove and use properties that deleting strongly redundant constraints does not change the redundancy of other constraints and all minimal representations of a face can be found only in the set of all prime representations of the face corresponding to the maximal descriptor index set for it. The proposed method is based on a top-down search strategy, is easy to implement, and has many computational advantages. Based on minimal representations of a face, a reduction of degeneracy degrees of the face and ideas to improve some known methods for finding all maximal efficient faces in multiple objective linear programming are presented. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the method.
Current status of national integrated gasification fuel cell projects in China
Authors: Peng Suping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCoal has been the main energy source in China for a long period. Therefore, the energy industry must improve coal power generation efficiency and achieve near-zero CO2 emissions. Integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) systems that combine coal gasification and high-temperature fuel cells, such as solid oxide fuel cells or molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs), are proving to be promising for efficient and clean power generation, compared with traditional coal-fired power plants. In 2017, with the support of National Key R&D Program of China, a consortium led by the China Energy Group and including 12 institutions was formed to develop the advanced IGFC technology with near-zero CO2 emissions. The objectives of this project include understanding the performance of an IGFC power generation system under different operating conditions, designing master system principles for engineering optimization, developing key technologies and intellectual property portfolios, setting up supply chains for key materials and equipment, and operating the first megawatt IGFC demonstration system with near-zero CO2 emission, in early 2022. In this paper, the main developments and projections pertaining to the IGFC project are highlighted.
Global Frictional Equilibrium via Stochastic, Local Coulomb Frictional Slips
Authors: Zhang Shihuai , Ma Xiaodong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBased on the assumption that fault slip dominates in the stress relaxation in the brittle crust, Coulomb theory allows for the crustal stress estimation with an empirical frictional coefficient. However, natural variability of fault friction and slip uncertainty exist in the Earth's crust. To address the extent to which heterogeneous frictional slips influence crustal stress and its evolution, we establish a quasi‐static, 2D model to represent the fractured crustal rock mass. The model consists of randomly oriented fractures with heterogeneous distribution of frictional coefficients. The global mechanical response is quantitatively related to the cascades of local frictional slips under specific boundary conditions. The temporal evolution of stress is explicitly modeled by an iterative process where a simple slip law is assumed for critical fractures. We particularly illustrate the stress evolution in a normal faulting stress regime, considering different distributions of frictional coefficients. All cases indicate that the decrease in differential stress manifests as a self‐organized process, eventually leading to the frictional equilibrium of the fractured rock mass. The final stress state upon equilibrium jointly depends on the orientation and frictional coefficient of all fractures therein. The model informs that the global stress state of a stochastic system can depart substantially from a deterministic estimation via an empirical frictional coefficient. This model quantitatively corroborates and extends the notion of frictional equilibrium, and reveals far more profound influence of system heterogeneity on the local and global stress evolution.
Groundwater Flow Through Continuous Permafrost Along Geological Boundary Revealed by Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Authors: Hornum Mikkel Toft , Betlem Peter , Hodson Andy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn continuous permafrost regions, pathways for transport of sub‐permafrost groundwater to the surface sometimes perforate the frozen ground and result in the formation of a pingo. Explanations offered for the locations of such pathways have so far included hydraulically conductive geological units and faults. On Svalbard, several pingos locate at valley flanks where these controls are apparently lacking. Intrigued by this observation, we elucidated the geological setting around such a pingo with electrical resistivity tomography. The inverted resistivity models showed a considerable contrast between the uphill and valley‐sides of the pingo. We conclude that this contrast reflects a geological boundary between low‐permeable marine sediments and consolidated strata. Groundwater presumably flows toward the pingo spring through glacially induced fractures in the strata immediately below the marine sediments. Our finding suggests that flanks of uplifted Arctic valleys deserve attention as possible discharge locations for deep groundwater and greenhouse gases to the surface.
Spatial Dependence of Dynamic Nonlinear Rock Weakening at the Alpine Fault, New Zealand
Authors: Simpson Jonathan , van Wijk Kasper , Adam Ludmila 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe perform laser ultrasonic measurements to investigate the spatial dependence of dynamic nonlinear weakening in rocks from the Alpine Fault, New Zealand. Rocks outside the damage zone display no nonlinear weakening. Within the damage zone (<30 m from the fault), cataclasites present a 3% reduction in shear modulus from wave amplitudes inducing 1–2 microstrain at atmospheric pressure. This nonlinear elasticity decreases with a characteristic pressure between 1 and 2.5 MPa. We show that rock weakening is therefore strongest in the near surface. However, this significant elastic nonlinearity in cataclasites at low strains confirms that rock weakening may play an important role in earthquake processes, such as fault weakening, triggering of slip, rupture propagation, and coseismic velocity decreases.
Reconciling Human and Natural Drivers of the Tripole Pattern of Multidecadal Summer Temperature Variations Over Eurasia
Authors: Hua Wenjian , Qin Minhua , Dai Aiguo , Zhou Liming , Chen Haishan , Zhang Wanxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe recent summer surface air temperature (SAT) changes over densely populated Eurasia exhibit a non‐uniform pattern with amplified warming over Europe and East Asia (EA) but weak warming over Central Asia (CA), forming a wave train‐like structure. However, the key factors that determine this non‐uniform warming pattern remain unclear. By analyzing observations and model simulations, here, we show that more than half of the SAT multidecadal variations from 1950 to 2014 over Europe‐west Asia and EA may have resulted from external forcing, rather than from internal variability in the Atlantic as previously thought. In contrast, the recent SAT over CA is influenced mainly by internal variations in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Large ensemble model simulations suggest that the forced SAT multidecadal variations over Eurasia are mainly caused by changes in greenhouse gases and aerosols. Our findings provide strong evidence for major impacts of external forcing on multidecadal climate variations over Eurasia.
Vegetation Response to Rising CO2 Amplifies Contrasts in Water Resources Between Global Wet and Dry Land Areas
Authors: Cui Jiangpeng , Yang Hui , Huntingford Chris , Kooperman Gabriel J. , Lian Xu , He Mingzhu , Piao Shilong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRising atmospheric CO2 impacts on vegetation physiological processes can alter land feedbacks on precipitation and water resources, but understanding of regional differences in these changes is uncertain. We investigate the impact of rising CO2 on land water resources for different wetness levels using four Earth system models. We find an overall tendency of runoff to increase across all wetness levels. However, runoff increases in wet regions are much larger than those in dry regions, especially in wet seasons. This substantial amplification of contrasts between wet and dry regions increases at 3% per 100 ppm increase in CO2 relative to the historical period, reaching 18% for a quadrupling of CO2, quantified by a new wetting contrast index (WCI). Physiological effects suppress evapotranspiration more in wet than dry regions, which has a larger contribution than radiative forcing to the amplification of runoff contrast, reshaping the spatial distribution of future land water resources.
Active Mars: A Dynamic World
Authors: Dundas Colin M. , Becerra Patricio , Byrne Shane , Chojnacki Matthew , Daubar Ingrid J. , Diniega Serina , Hansen Candice J. , Herkenhoff Kenneth E. , Landis Margaret E. , McEwen Alfred S. , Portyankina Ganna , Valantinas Adomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMars exhibits diverse surface changes at all latitudes and all seasons. Active processes include impact cratering, aeolian sand and dust transport, a variety of slope processes, changes in polar ices, and diverse effects of seasonal CO2 frost. The extent of surface change has been surprising and indicates that the present climate is capable of reshaping the surface. Activity has important implications for the Amazonian history of Mars: understanding processes is a necessary step before we can understand their implications and variations over time.
Impacts on Ceres and Vesta: Source regions, cratering, and fragmentation
Authors: Zain P. S. , Di Sisto R. P. , de Elía G. C. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Ceres and Vesta are the largest members of the main belt (MB). They were visited by the NASA Dawn spacecraft between 2011 and 2018, which provided a great sample of detailed observations of the surface of both bodies.
Aims. We perform a study on the impacts on Ceres and Vesta. We aim to determine the size-frequency distribution (SFD) of impactors and to identify and quantify the contribution of each source region, as well as the craters produced and fragments ejected in these impact events.
Methods. We used a multipart collisional evolution model of the MB called ACDC (Asteroid Collisions and Dynamic Computation) that simulates the collisional evolution of the MB, which is split into six regions (namely Inner, Middle, Pristine, Outer, Cybele, and High-Inclination belts), according to the positions of the major resonances present there (ν6, 3:1J, 5:2J, 7:3J, and 2:1J). Furthermore, it includes the Yarkovsky effect as a dynamical remotion mechanism. We applied ACDC to Ceres and Vesta by keeping a record of all the bodies larger than 100 m that hit them during 4 Gyr. We performed 1600 simulations and, for our analysis, selected the runs that provide the best fits with the SFD of the six regions of the MB and also those that are able to form the Rheasilva and Veneneia, the two large basins on Vesta.
Results. The six regions of the MB provide, to a greater or lesser extent, impactors on Ceres and Vesta. The Outer belt is the main source of impactors smaller than 10 km on Ceres, providing more than half of the impacts, while the Middle belt is the secondary source. On Vesta, the relative impactor contribution of the Inner, Middle, and Outer belts is almost even. We are able to reproduce the craters larger than 100 km in Vesta and identify two large depressions identified in Ceres as impact craters: one called Vendimia Planitia of ~900 km and a second one of ~570 km. As an outcome of these impacts, Ceres and Vesta eject fragments into the MB. We obtain fragmentation rates of tens of fragments larger than 1 m per year for both bodies, to tens of fragments larger than 100 m per million years for Vesta and a factor of ~4 greater for Ceres. We find that hundreds of bodies larger than 10 km should have been ejected from Ceres and Vesta during their history.
Basal Implant: A Remedy to Restore Resorbed Alveolar Ridges
Authors: Thakur Prakhar , Kalra Tarun , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Malik Shefali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe conventional crestal implants are used only when there is adequate jawbone height and width. Results of conventional implants are good in patients with healthy bone at the time of treatment, but prognosis gets deteriorated when surgical augmentation of bone is included with implant placement. These augmentation procedures have surgical risks and are costlier to the patients. Patients with atrophied jawbones are given no treatment, until crestal implants are seen as the last option. In this article, the indications for basal implants and functional differences between basal implants and crestal implants have been discussed.Patients with extreme jawbone atrophy do not benefit from crestal implants. The basal bone is the (cortical) osseous tissue of the mandible and maxilla, and lies below the alveolar process, which has a relatively strong and no resorbing framework.Basal osseointegrated and basal cortical screw (BCS) are two types of implants designed to take anchorage from the cortical bone of the jaw. BCS implants have long shafts and can be placed immediately in the socket after extraction and provided with immediate loading within 72 hours of implant placement. Basal implants are also called bicortical or cortical implants as they utilize the cortical portion of the jawbones for anchorage and implant stability. The basal bone has better quality and quantity of cortical bone for retention of these unique and highly advanced implants. The other names for these implants are lateral implants or disk implants.
Psychosocial and Socioeconomic Factors in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Leppich Katalin , Schneider Joanna , Potratz Cornelia , Kaindl Angela M. , Eismann Caroline , Ryczek Monika 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze whether children with familial and sporadic neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) differ in psychosocial and socioeconomic aspects such as developmental delay as well as in comorbidities. Medical records of 250 children with NF1 at a median age of 10.6 years (range = 2–20 years at time of data collection) were retrospectively reviewed. Specifically, psychosocial and socioeconomic factors from 88 children with a family history for NF1 and 162 sporadic cases were compared. Comparing IQ, familial cases scored significantly lower than sporadic cases (89.8 vs. 96.5; p = 0.015). IQ scores of children with familial and sporadic NF1 differ depending on level of parental education (mean IQ for high education 101.3 [familial] and 102.8 [sporadic] vs. low education 87.5 [familial] and 90.4 [sporadic]; p < 0.001). No significant differences were found regarding the presence of developmental delay, learning disorders, autism spectrum disorder, or attention deficit hyperactivity disease. Children with inherited NF1 had a significantly lower IQ than sporadic cases. Children with familial NF1 more often had parents with a lower level of education, highlighting a possible impact of NF1 through generations. Also, the present study confirmed previous results in literature regarding high frequencies of learning disabilities, autism spectrum disease, and attention deficits in children with NF1.
Do Cogovernance and CSOs Supplement Municipal Capacity for Service Delivery? An Assessment of Differences in Simple versus Complex Services
Authors: de la Riva Agüero Renzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMunicipal governments in the Global South vary in their ability to provide not only complex social services, like environmentally proper solid waste disposal, but even simple services, like trash collection from the streets. This article examines whether variation in service provision outcomes is associated with service-specific municipal administrative capacity, locally embedded civil society organization (CSO) presence, and collaborative governance for local planning and budgeting (or cogovernance). Using a panel dataset of Peruvian municipalities, I find that while all three factors are associated with better outcomes for simple services, only greater public administration capacity is associated with higher service outcomes when the service is more complex. This suggests that CSOs may face some difficulties to supplement the state in the provision of relatively complex services and that local cogovernance venues tend to prioritize more immediate service issues. These findings have policy implications for managing relatively complex services in Global South cities that struggle with service-specific administrative capacity and relatively complex service provision, particularly those with climate change consequences. They convey that strengthening this type of capacity at the office level is crucial to providing increasingly complex services, and supporting community-based CSOs and cogovernance venues may help as a strategy to address simple service delivery.
Role of professional autonomy and project commitment in the Korean government–funded R&D projects
Authors: Baek Seung Chul , Lee Duk Hee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCountries with low technology levels have narrowed the technological gap with developed countries through continuous and strategic R&D (Research and Development) investment. However, inefficient R&D with a low performance is among the chronic problems of these countries. While factors such as budget, manpower, and operational process influence R&D innovation output (IO), the autonomous R&D climate and commitment in projects are also essential. This study analyzes the effects of professional autonomy (PA) and project commitment (PC) on the performance of 1,087 government-funded R&D projects in Korea. Our results indicate that PA improves R&D IO in the research planning stage. Additionally, PC has a negative effect on R&D IO, but there are positive moderating effects between both large firm involvement and project duration and R&D performance. Our study on research autonomy and commitment presents policy implications for improving the efficiency of R&D projects in countries that are transitioning from catching up to leading in R&D.