bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical emulation of a perturbed basal melt ensemble of an ice sheet model to better quantify Antarctic sea level rise uncertainties
Authors: Berdahl Mira , Leguy Gunter , Lipscomb William H. , Urban Nathan M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Antarctic ice shelves are vulnerable to warming ocean temperatures, and some have already begun thinning in response to increased basal melt rates.
Sea level is therefore expected to rise due to Antarctic contributions, but uncertainties in its amount and timing remain largely unquantified. In particular, there is substantial uncertainty in future basal melt rates arising from multi-model differences in thermal forcing and how melt rates depend on that thermal forcing. To facilitate uncertainty quantification in sea level rise projections, we build, validate, and demonstrate projections from a computationally efficient statistical emulator of a high-resolution (4 km) Antarctic ice sheet model, the Community Ice Sheet Model version 2.1. The emulator is trained to a large (500-member) ensemble of 200-year-long 4 km resolution transient ice sheet simulations, whereby regional basal melt rates are perturbed by idealized (yet physically informed) trajectories. The main advantage of our emulation approach is that by sampling a wide range of possible basal melt trajectories, the emulator can be used to (1) produce probabilistic sea level rise projections over much larger Monte Carlo ensembles than are possible by direct numerical simulation alone, thereby providing better statistical characterization of uncertainties, and (2) predict the simulated ice sheet response under differing assumptions about basal melt characteristics as new oceanographic studies are published, without having to run additional numerical ice sheet simulations. As a proof of concept, we propagate uncertainties about future basal melt rate trajectories, derived from regional ocean models, to generate probabilistic sea level rise estimates for 100 and 200 years into the future.
Bi-facial Open-Space Photovoltaic Systems versus Conventional Systems using Mono-facial Modules
Authors: Schmidt Marcus , Giese Lutz 
Published: June 2021

As part of a scientific work within the solar company Sunfarming GmbH, the aim was to find out whether bi-facial modules on open spaces deliver better results economically than conventional mono-facial solar modules. In this context, an already installed 750 kWp PV system with mono-facial solar modules was compared directly with a structurally identical PV system with bi-facial modules, which, however, does not exist in practice but was only simulated with PV software. The second part of the investigation includes the comparison of four different assembly systems or elevation variants in order to determine the system with the best relationship between system yield and costs.
The final result of the first investigation showed that the use of bi-facial modules reduced the specific costs per kWh by approximately 5 %. In order to improve this effect, the use of compact assembly systems is recommended, e.g. five rows of modules per table with horizontal alignment.
Validation of MODIS and AVHRR Fire Detections in Australia
Authors: Forghani A. , Thankappan M. , Cechet B. 
Published: June 2021

The Sentinel Bushfire Monitoring System is an internet-based mapping tool which provides timely spatial information to fire agencies across Australia. The mapping system allows users to identify active fire locations that pose a potential risk to communities and property. Sentinel at Geoscience Australia currently provides hotspot information derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors on a continent-wide and daily basis enabling the fire community and general public to locate active fires. There has been little validation undertaken of the Sentinel since the system began operating in November 2002. Validation datasets have been collected for this work during the 2003-2007 fire seasons. Five study areas were selected to validate the detection capabilities of the MODIS and AVHRR hotspot product with fire activity that was mapped using high resolution earth observation imagery. The objective is to evaluate the reliability with which hotspots identified in MODIS and AVHRR thermal data can be used to identify fires. This consists of comparing the accuracy of AVHRR versus MODIS and quantifying the accuracy of both products. This objective is achieved by characterising errors through a stratified random sampling technique establishing a relationship between the ‘fire’ and ‘no fire’ condition, and error assessment using multi- source reference datasets over coincident MODIS and AVHRR pixels. The validation framework comprised two key approaches including validation of AVHRR hotspots in relation to MODIS hotspots and validation of both MODIS and AVHRR hotspots using multi-sensor earth observation imagery datasets. The study identified sources of errors associated with the Sentinel hotspots which could be used to improve the performance of hotspot algorithms and provide user-friendly information for the users. Statistical analysis revealed that overall commission errors of MODIS and AVHRR hotspots over the 5% sample data were 15% and 68% respectively, and overall omission errors of MODIS and AVHRR hotspots were 17% and 23% respectively. An important outcome of this study is the production of a database of fire locations derived from high-resolution imagery, which can serve as a resource for future validation efforts as detection algorithms evolve and sensors change.
Het strafrecht in een aanbestedingsrechtelijk perspectief
Authors: Beukema T. 
Published: June 2021

Het strafrecht in een aanbestedingsrechtelijk perspectief – de doorwerking van het strafrecht op overheidsopdrachten
De rol van het inkoopproces van de overheid is aan het verschuiven. Maatschappelijke thema’s en het bereiken van (Europese) doelstellingen hebben een meer prominente rol gekregen. Met deze verschuiving is ook het integer handelen en de voorbeeldfunctie van de overheid steeds belangrijker geworden, mede gelet op het grote volume aan inkopen.Via het inkoopproces heeft de overheid de mogelijkheid om te sturen op integriteit en om invulling te geven aan haar voorbeeldfunctie. Welke handvatten het inkoopproces biedt en wat dit vervolgens inhoudt voor ondernemingen met een strafrechtelijk verleden, wordt in dit stuk nader uiteengezet.
It ain’t over till the fat lady sings
Authors: Coenen M. , Feenstra A.A. 
Published: June 2021

It ain’t over till the fat lady sings – de bijkomende gevolgen voor belastingadviseurs en accountants bij de afronding van een strafzaak
In fraudezaken is het strafrecht niet het enige waarmee verdachte professionals als belastingadviseurs en accountants te maken krijgen. Zij krijgen te maken met beroepsmatige gevolgen en integriteits- en betrouwbaarheidstoetsingen. Deze bijdrage beschrijft de verschillende aspecten waar een belastingadviseur of accountant mee te maken kan krijgen bij de afronding van een strafrechtelijk onderzoek. Waarmee moet rekening worden gehouden en op welke manier kan hierop worden geanticipeerd? Daarbij beperken wij ons tot de directe gevolgen van de registratie van een strafrechtelijk onderzoek dan wel de eventuele afdoening daarvan.
AlleleShift:an R package to predict and visualize population-level changes in allele frequencies in response to climate change
Authors: Kindt Roeland 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAt any particular location, frequencies of alleles that are associated with adaptive traits are expected to change in future climates through local adaption and migration, including assisted migration (human-implemented when climate change is more rapid than natural migration rates). Making the assumption that the baseline frequencies of alleles across environmental gradients can act as a predictor of patterns in changed climates (typically future but possibly paleo-climates), a methodology is provided byAlleleShiftof predicting changes in allele frequencies at the population level.MethodsThe prediction procedure involves a first calibration and prediction step through redundancy analysis (RDA), and a second calibration and prediction step through a generalized additive model (GAM) with a binomial family. As such, the procedure is fundamentally different to an alternative approach recently proposed to predict changes in allele frequencies from canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The RDA step is based on the Euclidean distance that is also the typical distance used in Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). Because the RDA step or CCA approach sometimes predict negative allele frequencies, the GAM step ensures that allele frequencies are in the range of 0 to 1.ResultsAlleleShiftprovides data sets with predicted frequencies and several visualization methods to depict the predicted shifts in allele frequencies from baseline to changed climates. These visualizations include ‘dot plot’ graphics (functionshift.dot.ggplot), pie diagrams (shift.pie.ggplot), moon diagrams (shift.moon.ggplot), ‘waffle’ diagrams (shift.waffle.ggplot) and smoothed surface diagrams of allele frequencies of baseline or future patterns in geographical space (shift.surf.ggplot). As these visualizations were generated through theggplot2package, methods of generating animations for a climate change time series are straightforward, as shown in the documentation ofAlleleShiftand in the supplemental videos.AvailabilityAlleleShiftis available as an open-source R package fromhttps://cran.r-project.org/package=AlleleShiftandhttps://github.com/RoelandKindt/AlleleShift. Genetic input data is expected to be in theadegenet::genpopformat, which can be generated from theadegenet::genindformat. Climate data is available from various resources such asWorldClimandEnvirem.
Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of Bitter and Neem Leaves and their Potential as Antimicrobial Growth Promoter in Poultry Feed
Authors: Ofongo Ruth T. S. , Ohimain Elijah I. , Iyayi Eustace A. 
Published: June 2021

Gastrointestinal health challenges without in-feed antibiotics are a crucial concern to poultry farmers. Although, quite a few substitutes for antibiotics have emerged, phytogenics and antibiotic properties of medicinal plants cannot be overlooked with regard to control, good health and minimizing sub – clinical bacteria-induced infections by zoonotic enteropathogenic bacteria in poultry birds. Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter leaf) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves were collected early in the morning and oven dried to 15% moisture content. The non-essential oil was obtained by cold maceration method using methanol. Appropriate methods were used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in the respective oils. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals showed that, saponins and terpenoids were highly detected (+++) in V. amygdalina. Saponins and terpenoids were slightly detected (+) in A. indica. Phenolic compounds were highly detected (+++) in both plants. Flavonoids were also identified (++) in both plants, but tannins were highly detected (+++) in A. indica. Quantitative analysis revealed a rather high concentration of complete phenolic content and overall flavonoid content in V. amygdalina. Total phenolic content of 44.76 mg Gallic acid equivalent / g of extract and 57.21 mg Rutin equivalent / g of extract (total flavonoid content) was recorded in V. amygdalina and 25.77 mg Gallic acid equivalent / g of extract (total phenolic content) and 24.45 mg Rutin equivalent /g of extract (total flavonoid content) in A. indica.
In conclusion, both plant extracts exhibited possibility as suitable substitutes to proprietary antibiotics that can be beneficial to gastrointestinal health and overall performance in animal nutrition.
Urinary Tract Infections in Benin: Exploring the Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes among Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Dougnon Victorien , Assogba Phénix , Mohammed Jibril , Agbankpe Jerrold , Deguenon Esther , Fabiyi Kafayath , Dougnon Jacques , Baba-Moussa Lamine , Bankole Honoré 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The emergence and increasing spread of resistance to antibiotics in uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae is a huge public health problem and increase the morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to produce scientific data on the virulence and level of resistance of these bacteria in Benin.
Results: This study was conducted on 230 strains of enterobacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. These virulence factors sought were hemolysis, hemagglutination, serum resistance, biofilm formation, and the production of lipase, protease and lecithinase. The molecular characterization of the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes was accomplished by PCR according to the different conditions for each gene. The bacteria possessed several types of virulence factors such as hemagglutinin (28.26%), lipase production (23.92%) and hemolysin production (17.83%). The virulence gene identified were FimH (74.79%), PapC (30.44%), Iss (11.34%) and Biofilm (3.92%). The antibiotic resistance genes such as Bla-SHV (49.56%), Bla-CTX-M15, Bla-CTX-M2 (33.92%), Bla-CTX-M9 (19.13%) and bla-CTX-M1 (11.74%) were also detected.
Conclusion: These results filled the national gap about virulence and antimicrobial resistance of enterobacteria responsible of urinary tract infection and may be used to improve the management of patients in Benin.
Set Theory INC# ∞# Based on Infinitary Intuitionistic Logic with Restricted Modus Ponens Rule (Part.II) Hyper Inductive Definitions
Authors: Foukzon Jaykov 
Published: June 2021

In this paper intuitionistic set theory INC# ∞# in infinitary set theoretical language is considered. External induction principle in nonstandard intuitionistic arithmetic were derived. Non trivial application in number theory is considered.The Goldbach-Euler theorem is obtained without anyreferences to Catalan conjecture.
Application of Kagan’s Cooperative Learning Structures to Maximize Student Engagement: An Action Research
Authors: Dorji Phub , Yangzom . , Tenzin Jamyang 
Published: June 2021

Aims: This action research attempted to apply and evaluate the impact of Kagan’s Cooperative Learning Structures at Gedu College of Business Studies.
Study design: Lim’s [1] Balanced Action Research Model was used in this action research as it captures wide range of action research processes and provides the researchers to validate one's actions through critical analyses and reflections.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in one college under the Royal University of Bhutan for a period of one year (2019-2020).
Sample: One first-year Management class was selected as the focus of this action research using purposive sampling technique. Observation and a five-point Likert scale questionnaire were used as data collection tools. There were 45 students and all of them participated in filling out the questionnaire.
Methodology: Data were collected using observation and questionnaire. Observation data were analysed using content analysis technique. Out of two general categories of content analysis (conceptual analysis and relational analysis), the researchers used conceptual analysis. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered to collect data on CL structures and student engagement, its feasibility and impact. Responses from the completed questionnaires were entered into SPSS for descriptive analysis.
Results: The findings revealed that CL structures like team builders, class builders and team cheers helped the students know their friends better, created a positive learning environment and helped in gaining and retaining students’ attention. Similarly, the findings revealed that CL structures helped in developing positive interdependence and individual accountability, ensured equal participation and encouraged simultaneous interaction in the class. In contrast, the findings revealed that small classroom size, large class strength and classroom furniture that do not support CL structures hindered the application of CL structures.
Conclusion: In view of these findings, the researchers recommend that the college plan and come up with classrooms and furniture that support the CL structures in teaching and learning. Further, the college should bring the class strength down as per the teacher-student ratio maintained by the Royal University of Bhutan and provide training and workshops to teachers on CL structures. Finally, teachers should make use of CL structures while teaching to engage, encourage and empower the learners.
Effect of Agmatine on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Type 2 Diabetes in Rats
Authors: Miski Samar F. , Ahmad Mai A. Alim A. Sattar , Esmat Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Aim: To determine the potential hepatoprotective effect of Agmatine (AGM) on NAFLD-induced by Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats.
Study design: Forty male Wistar rats weighing from (200 -250 g) were distributed at random into five groups (8 rats per group): group 1 as control; group 2 as untreated-T2DM; groups 3 & 4 as T2DM cotreated with AGM (40 & 80 mg/kg/d), while group 5 T2DM cotreated with Silymarin (100 mg/kg/d).
Place and duration of study: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, king Abdul-Aziz University; between October 2020 and January 2021.
Methodology: A rat model of T2DM with NAFLD complication was established by feeding rats with 10% fructose in drinking water and intraperitoneally injecting them with a single low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (45mg/kg). The fasting blood glucose was detected, serum levels of hepatic biomarkers were all assessed. Moreover, histopathological examination was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.
Results: STZ induced T2DM in rats causes a significant (p<0.05, n=8) rise in serum levels of FBG, ALT, AST, TB, TC, TG, and LDL in comparison with the corresponding control group. Co-treatment with AGM (40 & 80 mg/kg) and silymarin significantly alleviated hyperglycemia and amended hepatic biomarkers that was reflected on improved histopathological changes.
Conclusion: The current data suggest that oral AGM co-treatment could have a hepatoprotective effect against T2DM associated with NAFLD in rats. Further investigations are recommended to elucidate molecular mechanisms accountable for the useful effects of AGM on hepatocytes.
A Validated Reversed-Phase HPLC Analytical Method for the Analysis of Rosuvastatin Calcium in Bulk Drug and Tablet Dosage Formulation
Authors: Pimpale Awdhut , Kakde Rajendra 
Published: June 2021

Aims: The current research work has desired the validated reversed-phase analytical technique for the assurance of rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and tablet formulation.
Study design: Experimental research work.
Place and duration of study: UDPS, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India between June 2019 and March 2020.
Methodology: The segregation was obtained on a reversed-phase Princeton (C18) column with dimensions (250mm × 4.6mm, 5μ). The solvent system employed was a mixture of buffer, and methanol in the proportion (20:80) v/v, flow rate one ml per minute. Detection wavelength at 240 nm. The retention time (RT)beneath the developed chromatographic condition was found to be 2.848 minutes for rosuvastatin calcium.
Results: The technique indicates linearity within the range of 2-16 µg per ml with a correlation coefficient (r2) is 0.9999. The analysis of marketed tablet formulations was erect to be 99.98%. The percentage RSD was ˂2% and % recovery was found to be 97.94-100.37%.
Conclusion: The advanced reversed-phase HPLC technique was erect to be simple, specific, linear, sensitive, rapid, accurate, precise, economical, and can be utilized for daily quality control of rosuvastatin calcium in tablet and bulk formulations.
Multi‐cohort profiling reveals elevated CSF levels of brain‐enriched proteins in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bergström Sofia , Remnestål Julia , Yousef Jamil , Olofsson Jennie , Markaki Ioanna , Carvalho Stephanie , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Kultima Kim , Kilander Lena , Löwenmark Malin , Ingelsson Martin , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Nellgård Bengt , Brosseron Frederic , Heneka Michael T. , Bosch Beatriz , Sanchez‐Valle Raquel , Månberg Anna , Svenningsson Per , Nilsson Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveDecreased amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 together with increased tau and phospho‐tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is indicative of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the molecular pathophysiology underlying the slowly progressive cognitive decline observed in AD is not fully understood and it is not known what other CSF biomarkers may be altered in early disease stages.MethodsWe utilized an antibody‐based suspension bead array to analyze levels of 216 proteins in CSF from AD patients, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and controls from two independent cohorts collected within the AETIONOMY consortium. Two additional cohorts from Sweden were used for biological verification.ResultsSix proteins, amphiphysin (AMPH), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein 21 (ARPP21), growth‐associated protein 43 (GAP43), neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM), and synuclein beta (SNCB) were found at increased levels in CSF from AD patients compared with controls. Next, we used CSF levels of Aβ42 and tau for the stratification of the MCI patients and observed increased levels of AMPH, AQP4, ARPP21, GAP43, and SNCB in the MCI subgroups with abnormal tau levels compared with controls. Further characterization revealed strong to moderate correlations between these five proteins and tau concentrations.InterpretationIn conclusion, we report six extensively replicated candidate biomarkers with the potential to reflect disease development. Continued evaluation of these proteins will determine to what extent they can aid in the discrimination of MCI patients with and without an underlying AD etiology, and if they have the potential to contribute to a better understanding of the AD continuum.
Multi‐trait selection for mean performance and stability in maize
Authors: Olivoto Tiago , Nardino Maicon , Meira Daniela , Meier Carine , Follmann Diego N. , de Souza Velci Q. , Konflanz Valmor A. , Baretta Diego 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is a need to strengthen maize (Zea maysL.) breeding strategies based on multivariate selection to obtain high‐yielding hybrids that are more stable and resilient to contrasting environmental conditions. Here, we show how the multi‐trait stability index (MTSI) can be used to select maize hybrids for mean performance and stability of multiple traits. A set of 10 traits, including grain yield (GY), yield components, and plant‐related traits with negative and positive desired selection gains (SGs), were accessed in 90 F1hybrids conducted in multi‐environment trials. Hybrid and hybrid × location interaction effects were significant (p≤ .001) for all analyzed traits. The MTSI provided positive gains for all the four traits that were wanted to increase (2.52% ≤ SG ≤ 4.86; mean, 3.28%), including GY (SG, 4.86%), and negative gains for all the six traits that were wanted to decrease (–20.28% ≤ SG ≤ –0.09%; mean, –6.70%), including tassel branch number (SG, –20.28%) and plant height (SG, –1.2%). We also observed desired gains for the stability of all traits. Direct and univariate selection for GY solely was not efficient to provide desired gains for all traits. The MTSI provides a unique, robust, and easy‐to‐handle selection process that allows identifying the strengths and weaknesses of hybrids. The index was found to be a powerful tool to develop better selection strategies, optimizing the use of resources and time, thus contributing to the sustainability of maize breeding programs worldwide.