bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and acceptability of pharmacotherapy for comorbid anxiety symptoms in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cullen Clare , Kappelmann Nils , Umer Madeha , Abdolizadeh Ali , Husain Muhammad Omair , Bonato Sarah , Sharma Gaurav , Xue Siqi , Ortiz Abigail , Kloiber Stefan M. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Husain Muhammad I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveAnxiety symptoms are highly prevalent among individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) but there is little guidance on pharmacotherapy for these symptoms. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the available evidence for pharmacotherapy of comorbid anxiety symptoms in BD.MethodsCompleted randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of medications for BD published prior to December 2020 were identified through a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, and the ISRCTN. Data from RCTs measuring anxiety symptoms at baseline and endpoint and all‐cause discontinuation were pooled to compare the efficacy and acceptability of medications with control conditions.ResultsThirty‐seven RCTs met our inclusion criteria; 13 placebo‐controlled RCTs with 2175 participants had sufficient data to be included in the meta‐analysis assessing anxiety symptoms. Compared with placebo, the overall effect size of medications (primarily atypical antipsychotics) on anxiety symptoms was small with a standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.22 (95% CI: −0.34 to −0.11). Study heterogeneity was low (I2 = 26%). The acceptability of these medications was comparable with placebo with odds ratio of discontinuation from all causes = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.91–1.06).ConclusionThere is limited evidence for a small anxiolytic effect and good acceptability of pharmacotherapy (primarily atypical antipsychotics) in the treatment of comorbid anxiety symptoms in BD. These results highlight the need for further research on medications other than atypical antipsychotics.
Adaptive evolution of viruses infecting marine microalgae (haptophytes), from acute infections to stable coexistence
Authors: Sandaa Ruth‐Anne , Saltvedt Marius R. , Dahle Håkon , Wang Haina , Våge Selina , Blanc‐Mathieu Romain , Steen Ida H. , Grimsley Nigel , Edvardsen Bente , Ogata Hiroyuki , Lawrence Janice 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTCollectively known as phytoplankton, photosynthetic microbes form the base of the marine food web, and account for up to half of the primary production on Earth. Haptophytes are key components of this phytoplankton community, playing important roles both as primary producers and as mixotrophs that graze on bacteria and protists. Viruses influence the ecology and diversity of phytoplankton in the ocean, with the majority of microalgae–virus interactions described as ‘boom and bust’ dynamics, which are characteristic of acute virus–host systems. Most haptophytes are, however, part of highly diverse communities and occur at low densities, decreasing their chance of being infected by viruses with high host specificity. Viruses infecting these microalgae have been isolated in the laboratory, and there are several characteristics that distinguish them from acute viruses infecting bloom‐forming haptophytes. Herein we synthesise what is known of viruses infecting haptophyte hosts in the ocean, discuss the adaptive evolution of haptophyte‐infecting viruses ‐from those that cause acute infections to those that stably coexist with their host ‐ and identify traits of importance for successful survival in the ocean.
Infant exuberant object play at home: Immense amounts of time‐distributed, variable practice
Authors: Herzberg Orit , Fletcher Katelyn K. , Schatz Jacob L. , Adolph Karen E. , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObject play yields enormous benefits for infant development. However, little is known about natural play at home where most object interactions occur. We conducted frame‐by‐frame video analyses of spontaneous activity in two 2‐h home visits with 13‐month‐old crawling infants and 13‐, 18‐, and 23‐month‐old walking infants (N = 40; 21 boys; 75% White). Regardless of age, for every infant and time scale, across 10,015 object bouts, object interactions were short (median = 9.8 s) and varied (transitions among dozens of toys and non‐toys) but consumed most of infants’ time. We suggest that infant exuberant object play—immense amounts of brief, time‐distributed, variable interactions with objects—may be conducive to learning object properties and functions, motor skill acquisition, and growth in cognitive, social, and language domains.
Water fluoridation, dental caries and parental ratings of child oral health
Authors: Foley Michael Anthony , Sexton Christopher , Spencer Andrew John , Lalloo Ratilal , Do Loc Giang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have identified many demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural and clinical variables associated with subjective parental ratings of child oral health. This study investigated associations between children's lifetime exposure to fluoridated drinking water (LEFW) and dental caries prevalence and parental ratings.MethodsAustralia's National Child Oral Health Study 2012–2014 conducted oral epidemiological examinations for 24 664 children aged 5–14 and investigated risk factors for child oral health and disease through questionnaires. Parents also subjectively rated their child's oral health. This cross‐sectional study estimated prevalence ratios for associations between LEFW and prevalence of dental caries in the primary and permanent dentitions and parental oral health ratings for 5–8 year old and 9–14 year old children. E‐value sensitivity analyses helped assess whether observed effect sizes may have arisen through unmeasured confounding.ResultsChildren aged 5–8 with 0%–10% or 11%–89% LEFW are respectively 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.8) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.1–2.0) times more likely than children with 90%–100% LEFW to receive a fair or poor parental oral health rating. Children aged 9–14 with 0%–10% or 11%–89% LEFW are 1.2 (95% CI 1.0–1.4) times more likely than children with 90%–100% LEFW to receive a fair or poor parental oral health rating. Children aged 5–8 with 0%–10% or 11%–89% LEFW are respectively 1.4 (1.3–1.6) and 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.4) times more likely than children with 90%–100% LEFW to experience caries in their primary teeth. Children aged 9–14 with 0%–10% or 11%–89% LEFW are respectively 1.4 (95% CI 1.3–1.5) and 1.1 (95% CI 1.0–1.2) times more likely than children with 90%–100% LEFW to experience caries in their permanent teeth.ConclusionsLonger lifetime exposure to fluoridated drinking water is causally associated with a lower childhood dental caries prevalence and more positive parental ratings of child oral health. The associations are stronger for younger children.
Stiff person syndrome and prior temporal lobectomy: Is it a case of misplaced autoimmunity?
Authors: Babiker Ahmed , Trivedi Sohum , Garcia Klepper Alfredo , Shah Manan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundStiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare autoimmune disorder, characterized by progressive rigidity and muscle spasms affecting the axial and limb muscles. Anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti‐GAD65) antibodies are linked to pathogenesis of both epilepsy and SPS. We aim to highlight epilepsy surgery as a potential trigger for development of SPS.Case presentationA 35‐year‐old female with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy underwent right amygdala‐hippocampectomy in 2009. The patient was seizure‐free until 2019 when she developed spells of severe muscle spasms, palpitations, dyspnea, and restlessness. Examination revealed increased spasticity in bilateral lower extremities, a wide based gait, and hyperreflexia with crossed adductor sign and bilateral Babinski sign. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) labs were obtained, and two typical spells occurred during continuous video electroencephalogram (cvEEG) monitoring. Typical spells did not correlate with seizure activity on cvEEG. CSF analysis showed normal opening pressure, Gram stain, culture, cell count, protein, and glucose. Serum and CSF GAD65 antibody levels were 5153 nMol/L and 53 nMol/L, respectively, along with 14 oligoclonal bands in CSF. Diagnosis of SPS was made. Treatment with diazepam caused improvement in spells and myalgia.ConclusionThe diagnosis of SPS can be delayed in a patient with history of epilepsy. Although SPS and epilepsy are often linked by anti‐GAD antibodies as common etiology, it is possible that epilepsy surgery might be a trigger for development of SPS in a small subset. Development of autoimmunity to neuronal GAD65 protein, exposed during surgery, is suspected in pathogenesis.
Switching the basal insulin to insulin glargine 300 U/ml in people with type 2 diabetes under basal insulin supported oral therapy: Observational trial on effectiveness and safety
Authors: Seufert Jochen , Wiesli Peter , Fritsche Andreas , Anderten Helmut , Pegelow Katrin , Pscherer Stefan , Pfohl Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThis study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of switching the basal insulin (BI) in a BI‐supported oral therapy (BOT) to insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla‐300) in adults with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and methodsThis was a non‐interventional, multicentre, prospective 12‐month study, conducted in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The study documented people with T2D with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between 7.5% and 10.0%, currently treated by a non‐Gla‐300 BOT regimen, after the physician had decided to switch the BI to Gla‐300. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving the fasting plasma glucose (FPG; ≤110 mg/dl) target.ResultsIn total, 1194 participants comprised the full analysis set, of which 793 completed documentation of 12 months Gla‐300 treatment (FAS‐M12). The main previous BI was insulin glargine 100 U/ml (Gla‐100; 47.2%). Twelve months after switching to Gla‐300, 27.0% of FAS‐M12 participants achieved the FPG target and 44.8% their individualized HbA1c target. The greatest FPG target achievements were seen in previous Gla‐100 (29.3%), and greatest HbA1c target achievements in previous insulin detemir users (57.7%). The mean FPG decreased by −36.3 ± 51.2 mg/dl to 135.5 ± 36.9 mg/dl and mean HbA1c by −0.79 ± 1.01% to 7.45 ± 0.94%. Symptomatic and nocturnal hypoglycaemia incidence significantly decreased over 12 months of Gla‐300 treatment. Body weight remained unchanged.ConclusionsSwitching the BI to Gla‐300 in a BOT regimen improved metabolic control and treatment satisfaction in a substantial proportion of patients with T2D and inadequate target achievement within 12 months in clinical practice with a decreased risk of symptomatic and nocturnal hypoglycaemia and without weight gain.
Gastrointestinal tolerability of once‐weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity, and the relationship between gastrointestinal adverse events and weight loss
Authors: Wharton Sean , Calanna Salvatore , Davies Melanie , Dicker Dror , Goldman Bryan , Lingvay Ildiko , Mosenzon Ofri , Rubino Domenica M. , Thomsen Mette , Wadden Thomas A. , Pedersen Sue D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimWe evaluated gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) with once‐weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity and their contribution to weight loss (WL).Materials and methodsAE analyses pooled data from the Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People With Obesity (STEP) 1‐3 trials for participants randomized to 68 weeks of semaglutide 2.4 mg (n = 2117) or placebo (n = 1262). WL was analysed by presence/absence of GI AEs. Mediation analysis estimated WL effects mediated by and unrelated to GI AEs. GI tolerability with semaglutide 2.4 mg maintenance and cessation after dose escalation was evaluated using STEP 4 data among 803 participants tolerating 20 weeks of semaglutide run‐in.ResultsGI AEs were more common with semaglutide 2.4 mg than placebo, with most frequently nausea (43.9% vs. 16.1% of participants), diarrhoea (29.7% vs. 15.9%), vomiting (24.5% vs. 6.3%) and constipation (24.2% vs. 11.1%). Most GI AEs with semaglutide were non‐serious (99.5% of AEs), mild‐to‐moderate (98.1%), transient and occurred most frequently during/shortly after dose escalation. Few semaglutide‐treated participants (4.3%) permanently discontinued treatment for GI AEs. In STEP 1‐3, mean WL with semaglutide 2.4 mg was similar in participants without (9.6%‐17.1%) versus with GI AEs (11.4%‐17.7%). Consistent with this observation, mediation analysis found that GI AEs contributed little to semaglutide‐induced WL: of the additional 7.6%‐14.4% WL with semaglutide versus placebo, <1 percentage point was mediated by GI AEs. In STEP 4, semaglutide 2.4 mg maintenance was well tolerated.ConclusionsGI AEs were more common with semaglutide 2.4 mg than placebo, but typically mild‐to‐moderate and transient. Semaglutide‐induced WL was largely independent of GI AEs.
Temporally distinct oscillatory codes of retention and manipulation of verbal working memory
Authors: Pavlov Yuri G. , Kotchoubey Boris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost psychophysiological studies of working memory (WM) target only the short‐term memory construct, whereas short‐term memory is only a part of the WM responsible for the storage of sensory information. Here, we aimed to further investigate oscillatory brain mechanisms supporting the executive components of WM—the part responsible for the manipulation of information. We conducted an exploratory reanalysis of a previously published EEG dataset where 156 participants (82 females) performed tasks requiring either simple retention or retention and manipulation of verbal information in WM. A relatively long delay period (>6 s) was employed to investigate the temporal trajectory of the oscillatory brain activity. Compared with baseline, theta activity was significantly enhanced during encoding and the delay period. Alpha‐band power decreased during encoding and switched to an increase in the first part of the delay before returning to the baseline in the second part; beta‐band power remained below baseline during encoding and the delay. The difference between the manipulation and retention tasks in spectral power had diverse temporal trajectories in different frequency bands. The difference maintained over encoding and the first part of the delay in theta, during the first part of the delay in beta, and during the whole delay period in alpha. Our results suggest that task‐related modulations in theta power co‐vary with the demands on the executive control network; beta suppression during mental manipulation can be related to the activation of motor networks; and alpha is likely to reflect the activation of language areas simultaneously with sensory input blockade.
Competitive pressure and firm investment efficiency: Evidence from corporate employment decisions
Authors: Boubaker Sabri , Dang Viet A. , Sassi Syrine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examines the link between product market competition and labour investment efficiency. We find that competitive pressure distorts the efficiency of corporate employment decisions by creating an underinvestment problem. This finding withstands a battery of robustness checks and remains unchanged after accounting for endogeneity concerns. Additional analysis shows that the relationship between product market competition and labour investment efficiency is stronger for firms facing higher competitive threats, greater financial constraints, higher information asymmetry and higher labour adjustment costs. Our results suggest that as competition increases bankruptcy risk, it leads managers to underinvest in labour to avoid incurring labour‐related costs.
Association between Chromosome 4 and mercury accumulation in muscle of the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Calboli Federico C. F. , Delahaut Vyshal , Deflem Io , Hablützel Pascal I. , Hellemans Bart , Kordas Anna , Raeymaekers Joost A. M. , Bervoets Lieven , De Boeck Gudrun , Volckaert Filip A. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic stressors, such as pollutants, act as selective factors that can leave measurable changes in allele frequencies in the genome. Metals are of particular concern among pollutants, because of interference with vital biological pathways. We use the three‐spined stickleback as a model for adaptation to mercury pollution in natural populations. We collected sticklebacks from 21 locations in Flanders (Belgium), measured the accumulated levels of mercury in the skeletal muscle tissue, and genotyped the fish by sequencing (GBS). The spread of muscle mercury content across locations was considerable, ranging from 21.5 to 327 ng/g dry weight (DW). We then conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) between 28,450 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the accumulated levels of mercury, using different approaches. Based on a linear mixed model analysis, the GWAS yielded multiple hits with a single top hit on Chromosome 4, with eight more SNPs suggestive of association. A second approach, a latent factor mixed model analysis, highlighted one single SNP on Chromosome 11. Finally, an outlier test identified one additional SNP on Chromosome 4 that appeared under selection. Out of all ten SNPs we identified as associated with mercury in muscle, three SNPs all located on Chromosome 4 and positioned within a 2.5 kb distance of an annotated gene. Based on these results and the genome coverage of our SNPs, we conclude that the selective effect of mercury pollution in Flanders causes a significant association with at least one locus on Chromosome 4 in three‐spined stickleback.
How to achieve a higher selection plateau in forest tree breeding? Fostering heterozygote × homozygote relationships in optimal contribution selection in the case study of Populus nigra
Authors: Tiret Mathieu , Pégard Marie , Sánchez Leopoldo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn breeding, optimal contribution selection (OCS) is one of the most effective strategies to balance short‐ and long‐term genetic responses, by maximizing genetic gain and minimizing global coancestry. Considering genetic diversity in the selection dynamic—through coancestry—is undoubtedly the reason for the success of OCS, as it avoids preliminary loss of favorable alleles. Originally formulated with the pedigree relationship matrix, global coancestry can nowadays be assessed with one of the possible formulations of the realized genomic relationship matrix. Most formulations were optimized for genomic evaluation, but few for the management of coancestry. We introduce here an alternative formulation specifically developed for genomic OCS (GOCS), intended to better control heterozygous loci, and thus better account for Mendelian sampling. We simulated a multigeneration breeding program with mate allocation and under GOCS for twenty generations, solved with quadratic programming. With the case study of Populus nigra, we have shown that, although the dynamic was mainly determined by the trade‐off between genetic gain and genetic diversity, better formulations of the genomic relationship matrix, especially those fostering individuals carrying multiple heterozygous loci, can lead to better short‐term genetic gain and a higher selection plateau.
Shut up or shout loudly: Predation threat and sound production in fishes
Authors: Ladich Friedrich 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPredation is a major ecological constraint shaping behaviour and communication in animals. Several fish species are known to modify their foraging, agonistic and reproductive behaviour in the presence of predators. However, close to nothing is known about how predators affect sound production in fishes. This paper reviews how vocal fish increase their chance of survival by modifying intraspecific acoustic communication and by producing sounds directed towards predators. Field studies showed that toadfish, drums and squirrelfish reduced the number and loudness of calls when dolphin sounds were played back. These studies lack behavioural observations, leaving the question open how individual fish respond to predation threat. Croaking gouramis (Trichopsis vittata, Osphronemidae) reduced acoustic and visual signalling during dyadic contests and refrained from escalated behaviour when detecting a predator in an adjacent tank. This indicates that gouramis increase their vigilance by reducing agonistic behaviour. Vocal fish have been observed to emit sounds when predators approach or when being caught. However, none of the predators (or even conspecifics nearby) responded to these calls. Therefore, the term “predator‐related” sound has been introduced in this paper to avoid implying unproven functions (alarm, startling, warning, distress and disturbance). Interestingly, the readiness of numerous taxa (e.g. catfishes) to vocalize when hand‐held or netted was frequently exploited to investigate sound production in fish in relation to weight, sex, sonic organs, temperature or phylogeny. Increasing levels of noise in aquatic habitats call for more research on predator–prey interactions because of potential negative effects on detection of sounds produced by predators or prey.
The effect of dialogic reading paired with multisensory learning of Chinese characters and morphological awareness skills for L2 Chinese young learners at Hong Kong kindergartens
Authors: Zhou Yan‐Ling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examined how a dialogic reading (DR) program with a component of multisensory learning (MS) of Chinese characters improved early Chinese reading and writing skills in L2 Chinese‐speaking kindergarteners in Hong Kong. The DR + MS program was compared to the same DR program but focusing on morphological awareness (MA) training. A total of 118 3‐ to 4‐year‐old L2 Chinese‐speaking kindergartners were recruited for the study. These children were randomly assigned to one of three separate training groups: DR + MS, DR + MA, and DR alone as a control group: Before and after a 12‐week training session, all participating children were tested on a range of Chinese words reading and writing‐related skills. The DR + MS group demonstrated the strongest growth in Chinese word reading and writing skills. The DR + MA group showed a trend toward greater improvement in Chinese vocabulary knowledge. These results demonstrated enjoyable ways to develop Chinese early literacy skills.