bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Early Treatment of Neonatal Hypoxia and Acidosis
Authors: Aclin Richard R. 
Published: December 2021

I share Dr. Prod'hom's enthusiasm concerning the article by Sinclair, Engel, and Silverman on the treatment of hypoxia and acidosis in low birth weight infants, which was in the October issue of Pediatrics. We have long needed an article such as this. Hopefully similar articles will follow to enlighten us more on this perplexing subject.
I would like to make a new comments on the article in subject with respect to the use of intravenous sodium bicarbonate.
THE PATIENT BOY—A POPULAR LESSON, READ TO CHILDREN IN THE 1820'S
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

The story below depicts a favorite subject of those who wrote for children in the early days of our country. The inebriated father leading his family inexorably into destitution by his intemperance is counterbalanced by a son who holds the family together. During the last century many children cried over this and similar stories.
The Patient Boy
There was a journeyman bricklayer in this town, a good workman, but a very drunken idle fellow; he spent at the dram shop almost all he earned, and left his wife and children to take care of themselves; to get food and clothes as they could.
They might all have starved, but for the eldest son, whom his father had brought up to help him at his work; and who was so industrious and attentive, that being now at the age of thirteen or fourteen, he was able to earn pretty good wages, every penny of which that he could keep out of his father's hands, he brought to his mother.
When the brute of a father came home drunk, cursing and swearing, and in such an ill humour that his mother, and the rest of the children, durst not come near him for fear of a beating, this good lad (Tom was his name) kept close to him, to pacify him, and get him quietly to bed. His mother looked upon Tom as the support of the family, and loved him dearly.
It happened one day, Tom in climbing up a high ladder, with a load of mortar on his head, missed his hold, and fell down to the bottom, on a heap of bricks and rubbish.
Oral Antibiotics in Patients with Heart Disease: Case Report of Child Facing Oropharyngeal Surgery with Oropharyngeal Viridans Streptococci Resistant to Penicillin and, Following Oral Erythromycin Therapy, to Penicillin, Erythromycin, and Lincomycin
Authors: Sprunt Katherine , Redman Winifred M. , Leidy Grace 
Published: December 2021

The patient to be described illustrates dramatically one of the potential hazards of theoral use of antibiotics in patients with heart disease.
Case Report
A. S., a 3-year-old girl, was admitted to the Babies Hospital for repair of a cleft palate. She was noted at birth to have acyanotic congenital heart disease, which was diagnosed at 5 months as atrial and ventricular septal defects with multiple pulmonary artery stenosis. From the time of diagnosis, she had received penicillin prophylactically in various forms. Recently, for more than 6 months, she had received phenoxymethyl penicillin syrup (Pen Vee), 200,000 units orally, twice a day.
Disappearance of a 47,XX,C+ Leucocyte Cell Line in an Infant Who Had Previously Exhibited 46,XX/47,XX,C+ Mosaicism
Authors: Neu Richard L. , Bargman Gerald J. , Gardner Lytt I. 
Published: December 2021

Follow-up observations are reported on an infant with numerous phenotypic abnormalities who had been reported at 7 months of age to have an extra C group autosome in 17% of her peripheral leucocytes. Examination of the patient at age 2½ years revealed that the physical findings were essentially unchanged, except for increased prominence of the sixth, seventh, and eighth thoracic vertebrae. The abnormal cell line was found to have disappeared from her leucocytes in cultures repeated at ages 2½ and 2[unknown] years. Analysis of bone marrow metaphases showed that 7% were of the 47,XX,C+ karyotype.
Other reported examples of disappearing abnormal cell lines are reviewed. These findings may help explain those cases having the clinical appearance of a syndrome associated with chromosomal abnormality, but whose karyotypes are normal. It is possible that a mosaicism existed during fetal life, and that the cytogenetically abnormal cell line caused abnormal organogenesis prior to its later disappearance.
Vienna, 1971
Authors: Bloch Harry 
Published: December 2021

In an airconditioned room in Mexico City, a group of men, who had forgotten, voted to hold the next international pediatric meeting in Vienna, Austria.
The decision was to many as dumbfounding a horror as reading the reports of the genocide of the Nazi Final Solution, or of the "murder of over a million Jewish children, separated by force from their mothers, torn to pieces before their parents eyes, their little heads smashed against the walls."
RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH TETRALOGY OF FALLOT WITH SYSTEMIC-PULMONARY ANASTOMOSES
Authors: Gold Warren M. , Mattioli Leone F. , Price Albert C. 
Published: December 2021

Cardiopulmonary function was studied at rest and during exercise in 17 patients with Fallot's tetralogy who had systemic-pulmonary anastomoses to determine the factors which limit their work capacity (Wmax) and produce their limiting symptoms. The patients stopped exercise at a mean work rate of 355 kg-M·min-1 because of dyspnea or leg pain. The average pattern observed in room air was: a fall in arterial pO2 from 64 mm Hg at rest to 47 mm Hg during exercise due to increased right-to-left shunting; alveolar hyperventilation at rest (arterial pCO2 = 31.6 mm Hg) and during exercise (arterial pCO2 = 35.2 mm Hg); a progressive fall in arterial pH during exercise to pH = 7.369; and increased levels of wasted ventilation (VD:VT = 50.6) during exercise. Wmax was directly related to pulmonary blood flow, anaerobic threshold, and O2 pulse, and inversely related to the size of right-to-left shunt during exercise.
Exercise response during O2 breathing in 16 patients studied showed decreased hypoxemia, decreased acidosis, and decreased minute ventilation. These results suggest that the excessive ventilation observed in these patients when they breathed room air was partly due to a chemoreceptor drive.
Exercise response in the supine posture in seven patients studied was improved with decreased dyspnea, decreased minute ventilation, and decreased wasted ventilation without changes in the right-to-left shunt. These results suggest that the excessive ventilation observed was partly due to an increased wasted ventilation. Dyspnea appeared to be related to the inappropriateness of the level of ventilation relative to the metabolic needs of exercise.
ACID-BASE LANGUAGE VERSUS ACID-BASE MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Filley Giles F. 
Published: December 2021

The PAPERS of Kildeberg and Engel and of Nelson and Riegel continue what has been called, inaccurately, "The Great Transatlantic Acid-Base Debate" betsveen two schools of acid-base physiology. Historically at least, these can be called the Continental and Anglo-American Schools and their current dispute a war of words. We will sketch their beginnings, describe some of their differences, and indicate the importance of the distinction between fundamental and derived measurement.
The Continental School was probably founded by Hasselbalch, who in 1916 began the apparently never-ending search for a chemical index of a "metabolic component," i.e., a number indicating the quantity of non-volatile acid added to or lost from the body-"corrected" for respiratory effects. Hasselbalch index was typical of the genre because it required exposing a blood specimen in vitro to known CO2 gas mixtures and was called a "reduced hydrogen ion concentration." His successors have tended to work meticulously in chemical laboratories, to give special names to defined magnitudes, and to incorporate these into logical formulations. One example was that of Singer and Hastings, which was based on a thoroughgoing study of blood as a physicochemical system at various states of equilibrium outside the body. Another recent and carefully developed one is that of Siggaard-Andersen. Despite this and other authors warnings, this school formulations are subject to abuse perhaps especially by those who assume that an "Astrup determination" is a substitute for clinical judgement.
The other school is less systematic, its members being more often physiologists or physicians than physical chemists.
DR. JOSEPH CLARKE IN 1797 DESCRIBES HIS TREATMENT OF OBSTINATE COSTIVENESS IN INFANTS
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Many well-known physicians of a century or two ago who treated infants and children considered constipation to be a cause of violent convulsions and an incitement to recurrent fever.1 For this reason the treatment of obstinate costiveness in infants was mentioned frequently in the publications of many physicians of the eighteenth and of the first half of the nineteenth centuries. One of the most widely respected of these was Dr. Joseph Clarke (1758-1834), Master of the Rotunda (Maternity) Hospital in Dublin. His enthusiastic recommendation of calomel in the treatment of constipation in infants in one of his papers published in 1797, and quoted here, was widely accepted by practitioners as the drug of choice for this complaint for well over a century. (It wasn't until 1948 that mercury was found in the urine of children with acrodynia.)
Every one, acquainted with the constitution of infants, knows that it is natural to them to have three or four stools every twenty-four hours; and that without such discharges they seldom enjoy perfect health. A few instances occur in practice where the intestines of infants never discharge their contents unless irritated by some kind of physic. I have met with a good many such cases, and trying all the ordinary laxative medicines I could not say that any of them was entitled to a preference. The effects of all were temporary only. An ingenious friend and correspondent in London first suggested to me a trial of calomel in such obstinate cases.
The Scratch of the Newborn
Authors: Schorer C. E. 
Published: December 2021

For a number of years, I have been interested in newborn infants who scratch themselves. About 20% of normal neonates do this, usually on one cheek or the other, until spontaneous cessation at a mean age of 4 months.
In my observations, I have found significant correlation between such scratching, low parity of the mother, and full-term gestation. The nonscratchers had significantly shorter gestation and their mothers greater multiparity. On follow-up 1 year later, after periodic checks, the only significant difference between 26 scratchers and their matched controls was the greater incidence of skin disorders (mostly atopic dermatitis) in the former group.
Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1967
Authors: Bratu Marcel 
Published: December 2021

I am pleased with the continuous decrease of the infant mortality rate.
As a pediatrician involved in community programs as well as in hospital programs, I feel that some data have to be presented in evaluating the infant mortality rate.
For instance, it will be helpful to know how much of the infant mortality the neonatal death rate represents and how much of the neonatal death the prenatal death rate represents. After this breakdown, let us compare with other countries the infant mortality rate divided in age groups: 0 to 1 month, 1 to 3 months or 1 to 6 months, and 6 to 12 months.
More on Poisoning
Authors: Scherz Robert C. 
Published: December 2021

I agree with Dr. Coleman (Pediatrics, 43:143, 1968) that focusing on whether or not a medication is flavored does overemphasize a factor of its attractiveness to a child who subsequently ingests it. Nevertheless, it must be obvious to all that children who like candy, when given a choice, will more readily ingest a good tasting medication than a bad tasting one.
However, until that "some day" when useless and unduly toxic substances are banned from homes of small children and directors of motivational research can give us practical guidelines for favorably influencing the driven child, we should actively support the widespread use of adequately tested, child-resistant containers to package those harmful or potentially harmful consumer products that are commonly found in the home.
FURTHER EXPERIENCE WITH THE USE OF PERCUTANEOUS SUPRAPUBIC ASPIRATION OF THE URINARY BLADDER
Authors: Saccharow Leonard , Pryles Charles V. 
Published: December 2021

Percutaneous suprapubic urinary bladder aspirations were carried out in 654 infants and children. Five hundred of the aspirations were in patients admitted to the hospital with acute illness, and 154 were in patients being followed in the Pediatric Renal Clinic because of a history of recurrent infections of the urinary tract. In the latter group, a clean-voided sample of urine was obtained immediately after the suprapubic aspiration for a comparative bacteriologic study. In the first group of 500 patients, four unsuspected infections were uncovered, all of them in boys in whom a structural abnormality of the urinary system was demonstrated. These four boys represented 1.4% of the males in the group, giving an incidence of infection that is almost three times that shown in a study of boys in a school population. In the second group of 154 patients, three patients demonstrated a "bladder" bacteriuria in the presence of an indeterminate clean-voided bacteriuria. These patients were considered to have a low-grade bacteriuria and active, albeit suppressed infection. Thus, suprapubic bladder aspiration may be one means of resolving the problem of low bacterial counts in patients with chronic infection of the kidney and urinary tract.
Percutaneous suprapubic aspiration of the urinary bladder is a safe, easy, and useful method of obtaining urine for accurate diagnosis of urinary infection. Its use as a routine procedure in all ill infants and children may reveal unsuspected infection.
A comparative bacteriologic study of urine obtained by percutaneous aspiration of the bladder (vesicopuncture) and blood obtained by venipuncture may be fruitful and is presently under way.
HOW TO PREDICT THE SEX OF THE UNBORN INFANT
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

A fascinating book, entitled The Ladies Dictionary, was published in 1694 in London. The author, who identified himself only by the initials N. H., stated in his preface that he wrote the book "for the use of the Fair-Sex to serve them as a Secret Oracle to consult in all difficult cases." The book is filled with advice and "information" about many intimate topics which women of that period would have probably been too embarrassed to have asked their husbands or physicians. Many answers to questions that N. H. felt women of that period would have wished to have asked the "Learned Men" are fallacious. The following is an excellent example of the untruths offered to the readers of this book:
We come now to a nicer Point which we should be difficulty brought to undertake were we not warranted by divers Learned Men who have given their Opinions about it. They tell as if it be a Male Child, that when it is come to some Perfection in the Womb, the Right-Eye of the mother would to appearance move swifter and sparkle more than the other. The Right Pap [breast] rise and swell more than the left, and become harder, the Niple [sic] sooner changing Colour, and the increase of the Milk be more speedy, and being milked out and set in the Sun, it will settle to a Pearl Colour. Her right cheek will often glow and colour more than the other, and she a livelier Blush on all Occasions, than at another time, and is more brisk and free from sadness than if she conceiv'd a Female.
STUDIES OF THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
Authors: Mackler Bruce 
Published: December 2021

With recent advances in treatment of many acute and chronic diseases, the problems associated with congenital malformations in children have assumed a greater importance in pediatrics. Previous to the work of Warkany and Nelson in 19401, it was recognized that many congenital defects were genetically determined and hereditary. The finding by Warkany and co-workers1-3 that modification of the prenatal environment by severe states of riboflavin deficiency produced congenital malformations in mammals demonstrated clearly the importance of the prenatal environment in the development of the fetus and gave impetus to searches for other environmental factors of importance to the developing organism.
The syndrome resulting from severe maternal riboflavin deficiency in rats is characterized mainly by micrognathia and reduction type of defects in the distal extremities of the fetuses, and by a wide number of other anomalies such as cleft palate and hydronephrosis. More recently, Nelson and co-workers4 demonstrated that galactoflavin, a synthetic analog of riboflavin, produced a rapid riboflavin deficiency syndrome in pregnant rats. The addition of galactoflavin to a riboflavin-deficient diet materially shortened the time required to produce riboflavin deficiency, and permitted much better regulation of the experimental model.
In other studies of riboflavin deficiency, Miller and co-workers5 showed a lower flavin content in fetuses from riboflavindeficient rats than in control fetuses, suggesting the possibility that there may be corresponding deficiencies in the activities of flavin-dependent enzymes such as the terminal electron transport systems (ETP). Other investigators6 have reported studies of enzymatic activities in liver mitochondria of adult rats fed a riboflavin-deficient diet with added galactoflavin, but with varying results.
Transfer of Medical Information, Continued
Authors: Davis Joseph H. 
Published: December 2021

I would like to second the "gripe" of Dr. Tom Auld that appeared in the December issue in the Letters to the Editor column. I too am annoyed when a doctor sends me a xerox copy of his handwritten office notes on a patient or when he sends me the original file of handwritten notes intact.
To me, the most important information that I can give a new pediatrician about my patient is the unwritten information that I have learned through the years about family behavior, habits, and so forth that would enable me to more effectively take care of this child as a patient.
STUDIES ON INTERACTION OF BACTERIA, SERUM FACTORS AND POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES IN MOTHERS AND NEWBORNS
Authors: Dossett John H. , Williams Ralph C. , Quie Paul G. 
Published: December 2021

The bactericidal capacity of newborn infants' whole blood for E. coli was deficient compared to the mothers, and attempts were made to identify cellular or humoral factors responsible for this deficiency. Separated polymorphonuclear leukocytes from newborn infants were found to be similar to polymorphs from mothers in capacity to engulf and kill E. coli and other bacteria so that cellular deficiency was not evident.
Comparison of the serum opsonic capacity of newborn infants' and mothers' sera revealed deficient opsonic capacity for E. coli in newborn sera. The mean opsonic titer for E. coli was 46.7 in mothers and 4.3 in neonates. Serum opsonic titers for Staph. aureus and group B streptococcus were similar. The opsonic capacity for all bacterial species was decreased when the sera were heated or decomplemented with immune complexes indicating the phagocytosis amplifying role of complement.
The newborn-maternal difference in opsonic capacity for E. coli was presumably a result of deficient 19S antibodies, the primary opsonic antibodies for this organism. Maternal 19S serum fractions alone, however, showed no opsonic capacity for E. coli. Addition of a complement source (newborn serum absorbed with E. coli) revealed the opsonic capacity of these 19S maternal serum fractions for E. coli. Antibodies in 19S serum fractions therefore are efficient opsonins for E. coli; however, complement is necessary to demonstrate their opsonic potential.
Care by Parent: Further Advantages
Authors: Wessel Morris A. , Lacamera Robert G. 
Published: December 2021

The article, "The Care by Parent Unit," by Vernon James and Warren Wheeler, and Morris Green's Editorial Comment on the "The Parent Care Pavilion" (Pediatrics 43:486, 1969) indicate a trend based on realistic resolution of some of the problems inherent in hospitalization of children. It seems to us appalling that children's hospitals should be so slow in recognizing the potential advantages, both economic and psychologic, of a "live-in" plan for parents.
Hospitalization and surgery in childhood always involves psychological stresses.
Psychological Needs of Hospitalized Children and Indexing of Letters
Authors: Thorpe Helene S. 
Published: December 2021

The April and May 1969 issues of Pediatrics contain five significant articles on the psychological needs of the hospitalized child.
In the April issue, Dr. Morris Green's editorial comments that new parent care units cannot stand alone. They require an intimate relationship and integration with child development and rehabilitation services. The description of the University of Kentucky's Care by Parent Unit may offer encouragement for more units that will lessen the emotional trauma of hospitalization.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Milby Thomas H. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Aase's question about the possibility that differences in exposure to light might have accounted for our observed differences in bilirubin levels is, of course, germane.
During the course of our study, we became aware of the reports which described the effect of light on degradation of bilirubin. However, we could determine no differences in light exposure between the two populations under study nor, because of the physical arrangements of the nurseries, did there appear to be any possibility that there would be seasonal variations in the amount of light exposure.
TRACHEOBRONCHIOMEGALY AND ACQUIRED CUTIS LAXA IN A CHILD
Authors: Wanderer Alan A. , Ellis Elliot F. , Goltz Robert W. , Cotton Ernest K. 
Published: December 2021

Tracheohronchiomegaly and acquired cutis laxa are described in a 14-year-old boy. Marked dilatation of the tracheobronchial tree associated with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections has been reported chiefly in the adult medical literature as the Mounier-Kuhn syndrome. Cutis laxa is a rare elastic tissue disorder that involves the skin and other systems. While the etiology of tracheobronchiomegaly is unknown, the coexistence of two rare conditions in the same patient suggtsts a common fundamental elastic tissue defect.
The investigative studies revealed abnormal elastic fibers in the skin, increased thoracic gas volumes, abnormal pulmonary elastic recoil, and a normal immunologic status except for increased serum and parotid IgA levels.
Responsibility for School Problems: An Objection to "Pediatric Globalism"
Authors: Schmitt Barton D. 
Published: December 2021

At a time when our country is reviewing the question of foreign overcommitment, overextension, and priorities it may be relevant to look at a similar problem in pediatrics.
The pediatrician is being asked to become an expert in school problems. If not the final expert, he is at least expected to be the coordinator of the team that diagnoses and treats the school problem. Parents want this. The schools want this.
The pediatrician who doesn't attempt to provide these services might well feel madequate.
Stilts, Somersaults, and Headstands: Game Poems Based on a Painting of Peter Brueghel, by Kathleen Fraser. New York: Atheneum, 37 pp., 1968, $3.75
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

When Peter Brueghel, the Elder (1525/30-1569), finished his painting of Children's Games in 1560, I am certain he never thought that Kathleen Fraser in 1968 would use his painting as the subject of a book. Although the book would be classified as a children's book, any adult interested in children, or still young enough to remember his youth, will find it irresistible.
Brueghel's painting, measuring 118 x 161 cm, which now hangs in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, vividly depicts nearly 100 games and pastimes played and enjoyed 400 years ago by children in the Low Countries.