bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Algorithm for Classifying Acetabular Fracture Patterns on Three-dimensional Computed Tomography Reconstructions Markedly Improves Residents' Ability to Correctly Classify Fractures
Authors: Shaath M. Kareem , Avilucea Frank R. , Lim Philip K. , “Chip” Routt Milton L. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
CT and three-dimensional (3D) CT reconstructions have been shown to improve the understanding of acetabular fractures. With the increased availability of 3D pelvic CT reconstructions, our goal for this study was to develop an algorithm to aid residents in the classification of acetabular fractures. We hypothesized that the use of a stepwise algorithm will markedly enhance the trainees' ability to correctly identify acetabular fracture patterns.

Methods:
This was a multicenter study that included 33 residents. Residents reviewed 15 sets of 3D reconstructions of the 10 acetabular fracture patterns. Residents completed the first round, and the results were collected electronically. Three weeks later, they were asked to classify the fractures a second time with the use of the algorithm. The number of correct responses from the two sessions was analyzed to determine if the algorithm improved residents' ability to correctly classify fracture patterns.

Results:
Thirty-three residents classified 15 fractures which yielded 495 unique responses. Residents correctly classified 52.5% (260/495) of fractures without the algorithm, which significantly increased to 77.5% (384/495) (P = 0.001) with the algorithm. When stratified by year in residency, all residents were able to correctly classify markedly more fractures with the algorithm.

Discussion:
Overall, we believe this method is a reproducible diagnostic tool that will assist residents in classifying acetabular fractures. We were able to demonstrate that with the use of this algorithm, residents' ability to correctly classify acetabular fractures is markedly enhanced, regardless of year in training. This algorithm will be a useful adjunct to assist and advance trainees' education and understanding of a complex topic.
Defining the Learning Curve of Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty After Fellowship-specific Training
Authors: Burnham Robert R. , Kiernan Hayley , Ortega Liam F. , Wesolowski Michael , Tauchen Alexander , Russo Matthew , Gerscovich Daniel , Brown Nicholas M. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To investigate the learning curve associated with performing direct anterior total hip arthroplasty (THA) immediately after fellowship training in this approach.

Methods:
This was a multicenter, retrospective study that collected data on all direct anterior THAs performed by four fellowship-trained arthroplasty surgeons in their first year of practice. Demographic data, surgical time, blood loss, surgical complications, and medical complications were recorded. Regression models were created to evaluate the outcomes of interest. A generalized linear mixed model was used to estimate the effect of the number of THA procedures performed, a proxy for surgical experience with this procedure, on the variables of interest.

Results:
A total of 286 patients undergoing direct anterior THA were included in this study. A decrease in surgical complications after approximately 40 cases and a decrease in medical complications at 25 to 50 cases were observed. Both surgical time and blood loss showed no learning curve.

Conclusion:
Extensive training with a direct anterior approach during fellowship minimizes the learning curve for blood loss and surgical time, but it continues to exist regarding perioperative surgical and medical complications. Recent fellowship graduates should be cautious and expect a learning curve of around 40 cases before complication rates begin to normalize.
Prevalence of Individual Differences in Tibial Torsion: A CT-Based Study
Authors: Volkmar Alexander J. , Stinner Daniel J. , Pennings Jacquelyn , Mitchell Philip M. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
To measure baseline bilateral tibial torsion in a cohort of uninjured patients to assess for a difference in torsion between sides.

Methods:
Consecutive bilateral lower extremity CT angiography scans from 229 patients without tibial or fibular pathology were collected and reviewed. Torsion of each tibia was measured by two independent reviewers, and individual differences in torsion were calculated.

Results:
On average, patients have a 6.0° difference in tibial torsion between sides. A difference of greater than 10° was present in 18% of patients. Across the cohort of patients, the right tibia was on average 4.4° more externally rotated than the left. In patients with a greater than 5° difference, the right tibia was more externally rotated than the left in 85% of cases. Tibial torsion did not correlate with age or sex.

Discussion:
Differences in tibial torsion are common and should be considered during intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures. When a difference in torsion is present, external torsion of the right tibia when compared with the left occurs predominantly.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic level IV
Do Preoperative Nasal Antiseptic Swabs Reduce the Rate of Surgical Site Infections After Adult Thoracolumbar Spine Surgery?
Authors: Buyuk Abdul Fettah , Tam Harrison K. , Dawson John M. , Mehbod Amir A. , Transfeldt Ensor E. , Alcala Christopher 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a major complication after adult spinal surgery. We investigated whether adding preoperative nasal decontamination by antiseptic swab (skin and nasal antiseptic povidone-iodine, SNA-PI) to our antimicrobial protocol reduces the SSI rate among our patients undergoing thoracolumbar spinal surgery.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed all adult thoracolumbar spinal surgeries performed between June 2015 and May 2017 at a single hospital. Patients were divided into those who received nasal decontamination (SNA-PI+) and those who did not (SNA-PI−). SSI rates and responsible pathogens were compared between the cohorts.

Results:
A total of 1,555 surgeries with nasal decontamination (SNA-PI+) and 1,423 surgeries without (SNA-PI−) were included. The SSI rate in the SNA-PI+ group was 13 of 1,555 (0.8%) versus 10 of 1,423 (0.7%) for SNA-PI− group (P = 0.68). The infection rate was the highest among posterior instrumented fusions in the SNA-PI+ group (1.4%). Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was responsible for 70% of infections in the SNA-PI− group and 38% in the SNA-PI+ group (P = 0.13).

Conclusions:
Routine nasal antiseptic swab before spine surgery did not affect the overall rate of SSI in thoracolumbar spinal surgeries. The incidence of methicillin-sensitive S aureus was lower in patients who received nasal decontamination (5/1,555, 0.3%) compared with those who did not (7/1,423, 0.5%); however, this result was not statistically significant (P = 0.57).
Comparative Floral Morphology and Anatomy of Gagea s. str. and Lloydia
Authors: Novikov Andriy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlowers of the five species from the four sections of the genusGagea(that is,G. lutea,G. pusilla,G. reticulata,G. fragifera, andG. serotina(syn.Lloydia serotina) were investigated by light microscopy. All investigated species had similar flower organization, vertical zonality of the gynoecium, and floral vascularization. In all species, the flowers were trimerous, with the superior ovary and short complete or semicomplete syntepalous zone at the base. The presence of the syntepalous zone allows consideration of such flowers as an intermediate between hypogynous and perigynous.All investigated species had nectaries at the base of the tepals. However, inGageas. str., they were represented by relatively small nectariferous areas of the tepals located at the beginning of the synascidiate zone of the gynoecium. In contrast, the nectaries inG. serotinawere represented by elongated tepalar outgrowths located higher, at the level of the fertile symplicate zone of the gynoecium. Considering reports on the potential peltate origin of the nectaries inG. serotina, it is probably incorrect to interpret them as homologous to the nectaries inGageas. str.The gynoecium in the studied species demonstrated identical vertical zonality with synascidiate, symplicate, and asymptomatic zones, and corresponded to type C of the syncarpous gynoecium. At the base of the ovary, three carpels were congenitally isolated (primary synascidiate zone); however, they were isolated only postgenitally (secondary synascidiate zone). This secondary synascidiate zone originated from a symplicate zone due to the fusion of the carpelar margins. Although it looks like a synascidiate zone, for correct interpretation of the gynoecium’s vertical structure, it should be considered symplicate.The vascularization of the flower in all investigated species was similar, with the participation of lateral vascular bundles in the supply of placentas.
A COVID-19 em mapas temáticos
Authors: Batista Natália Lampert , Rizzatti Maurício , Spode Pedro Leonardo Cezar , Verneque Dayane Oliveira , Siqueira João Victor Bergamo de , Severo Maurício Vielmo 
Published: September 2021

A Geografia da Saúde exerce um papel relevante no entendimento das diferentes enfermidades que podem ocorrer em um determinado território. Com essa compreensão, potencializa-se a promoção de estratégias para enfrentar a doença, como também meios para promover a saúde e a qualidade de vida da população. A produção cartográfica e a interpretação desses resultados podem subsidiar a efetivação de ferramentas que auxiliem a saúde e se tornar uma ferramenta muito importante nas discussões da Geografia. Nesse sentido, buscou-se entender a espacialização dos óbitos na cidade de Santa Maria, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), entre 14 de maio de 2020 e 16 de junho de 2021. Para isso, utilizaram-se dados da Vigilância Epidemiológica do município, obtidos pelo projeto “omitido para avaliação”, do Observatório de Informações em Saúde da Universidade omitido para avaliação, com Certificado de Apresentação de Apreciação Ética (CAAE), emitido pelo Conselho Nacional de Saúde (CONEP), sob o número omitido para avaliação. Portanto, conclui-se que a análise dos processos espaciais de distribuição da COVID-19, em escala intraurbana, é fundamental para a compreensão da pandemia, demostrando a importância da Geografia na gestão e planejamento territorial. O trabalho realizado por meio de mapas, análises e notas técnicas, atualmente, torna-se um importante repositório para a compreensão geográfica da doença e para o enfrentamento de outras possíveis infecções que venham afetar a cidade no futuro.
Juventude e educação: a militarização das escolas em Goiás
Authors: Sofiati Flávio Munhoz , Barbosa Caio Henrique Salgado 
Published: September 2021

O artigo analisa as consequências do processo de implementação dos Colégios da Polícia Militar do Estado de Goiás, Brasil, a partir dos conceitos de controle do corpo e de instituições totais, mostrando como esse modelo autoritário está intimamente ligado à política de restrição da liberdade de expressão da comunidade escolar. O texto analisa os argumentos dos agentes públicos para a vertiginosa expansão desse modelo educacional e faz uma leitura crítica das regras de conduta aplicadas às unidades educacionais militarizadas no Estado. Constata-se que as normas aplicadas à comunidade escolar nestas unidades – como, por exemplo, a presença cotidiana de uma sequência de atividades garantidas por mecanismos de punição estabelecidos por uma hierarquia e o conjunto de regras que padronizam o visual dos estudantes e causam a perda de identidade – permitem controle rígido das ações de docentes e discentes, regrada a partir da tutela de oficiais designados pelo comando-geral da Polícia Militar, limitando inclusive a liberdade de expressão, considerado como preceito fundamental para uma educação cidadã.
Encontros e desencontros entre professores e o ensino remoto emergencial
Authors: Thiengo Lara Carlette , Diogo Maria Fernanda , Bianchetti Lucídio , Alves Kaue Tortato , Assis Neiva De 
Published: September 2021

Em meados de março de 2020 ocorreu a suspensão das atividades educacionais presenciais nas redes de ensino pública e privada, em decorrência do afastamento social provocado pela pandemia de Covid-19, motivo pelo qual as instituições educacionais tornaram-se adeptas do ensino remoto emergencial (ERE). Considerando este cenário, ainda em movimento, este texto busca: 1) apresentar trabalhos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores de diferentes países neste curto espaço de tempo, no intuito de entender o que representou a suspensão das atividades escolares presenciais e a continuidade do calendário via ERE; e 2) apresentar dados de pesquisa de campo desenvolvida com professores da Educação Básica e Superior, na qual participaram 321 docentes de 14 Estados brasileiros. Por meio da aplicação de questionários digitais investigou-se, junto a esses professores, suas experiências, desafios, sentimentos, reflexões e como se objetivava a docência em formato remoto. Evidenciaram-se depoimentos de descontentamento e impotência frente às condições atuais do trabalho docente, grande angústia relacionada à aprendizagem dos estudantes e, também, relatos de esforços individuais e coletivos em prol de ações pedagógicas que desenvolvam o ERE do melhor modo possível.
Isokinetic force-power profile of the shoulder joint in males participating in CrossFit training and competing at different levels
Authors: Torres-Banduc Maximiliano A. , Jerez-Mayorga Daniel , Moran Jason , Keogh Justin W.L. , Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo 
Published: September 2021

Background
As participants who engage in CrossFit training and competition perform a large volume of high intensity overhead activities, injuries to the shoulder are one of the most common in this sport. Previous research in other sports has indicated that the isokinetic force power profile of the shoulder joint (IPSJ) rotator muscles may assist in the prediction of shoulder injury.

Aim
Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the IPSJ in males engaged in CrossFit training at different competitive levels.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study design, participants (age, 24.1 ± 2.7 years) classified as ‘beginner’ (n = 6), ‘intermediate’ (n = 7) or ‘advanced’ (n = 9) provided informed consent to participate in this study. The IPSJ assessment involved rotational and diagonal movements, including internal and external shoulder rotator muscles, at both 180°.s−1 and 300°.s−1. The variables analysed were peak torque/body mass (%), mean power (W) and the external/internal peak torque/body mass ratio (%). A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the IPSJ of the three groups, with Dunn’s test used for post-hoc analysis. The alpha level was set at p < 0.05.

Results
The IPSJ showed greater torque and power values in those who competed at the advanced level as compared to those at a lower competitive level (i.e. intermediate, beginner). This was observed mainly for the internal rotation and internal diagonal movements at both 180°.s−1 and 300°.s−1. However, such differences between competitive levels were, in general, absent for the external rotation and external diagonal movements. Moreover, the participants from the advanced competitive level exhibited an imbalance of peak torque between the muscles responsible for the external–internal rotational and external-internal diagonal movements of the shoulder (i.e. peak torque external/internal ratio <66%), particularly in the dominant shoulder.

Conclusion
These findings suggest greater development of the shoulder internal rotators and a higher probability of shoulder injury in CrossFit athletes at the advanced competitive level. Based on these results, participants engaged in CrossFit training and competition may wish to increase the volume of training for the shoulder external rotator muscles to complement the large increases in shoulder internal rotator strength that occur as a part of their regular training regimes.
Paris Agreement Implementation in Nigeria: Compliance Level, Constraints and Possible Ways Forward
Authors: Anwadike B. C. 
Published: September 2021

Nigeria has traditionally been an active participant within the United Nations (UN) systems and ideals enshrined in their conventions and treaties by being a signatory to various environmental treaties and conventions notably the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Nigeria signed the Kyoto Protocol and more recently the Paris Agreement on climate change alongside other 140 countries in December 2015 to mitigate the effects of global warming caused by the uncontrolled emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Nigeria is seriously impacted by climate change with consequences that includes vulnerability to drought, famine, flooding due to variability or change in rainfall pattern especially in the humid south and decreased rainfall in the savana region, soil erosion, sea level rise causing coastal areas to be submerged, declining surface and subsurface water etc Nigeria being a signatory to the Paris Agreement says she is committed to reducing GHG emissions by 20% relative to a business as usual (BAU) of economic an emissions growth by 2030. As much as her good intentions abound, there are obvious constraints to the implementation of the Paris Accord and these include; institutional deficiencies and failure, ambiguos environmental legislation and laws, lack of policy framework, paucity of fund, fear of revenue loss from oil, lack of political will to diversify the economy, climate change has not been integrated into the development plan, paucity of GHG emission data etc.
JOB AUTONOMY, JOB CRAFTING AND EMPLOYEES’ WELL-BEING DURING WORKING FROM HOME
Authors: Saragih Susanti , Margaretha Meily , Anantyanda Luthfia 
Published: September 2021

Workplace stressed employees’ well-being because people have to work from home (WFH) and adapt to a new routine of work and life since Covid-19 struck the world. Employees who WFH increase their perception of more autonomous on how to handle their tasks, this is known as job autonomy. This study aimed to examine the relationship between job autonomy and well-being, and the mediating effects of job crafting on job autonomy and employees’ well-being during WFH in Covid-19 Pandemic. An online survey was conducted and there were 427 respondents involved. The model was analyzed using WarpPLS 7.0 and the results showed that no significant relationship was found between job autonomy and well-being. Moreover, job autonomy and job crafting are related as well as job crafting and well-being. Job crafting significantly mediate the relationship between job autonomy and well-being. This study showed that during WFH, employee experience an excessive degree of job freedom and it give them more work pressure and decrease employees' subjective well-being. In a conclusion, this study brings several concerns that organizations should be giving attention to.
Logarithmic norm based robust adaptive state‐feedback control of the linear time‐varying systems under system uncertainty and external disturbances
Authors: Vrabel Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe conceptually new approach based on the logarithmic norm to design of robust adaptive state‐feedback controller for linear time‐varying (LTV) systems under system's modeling uncertainty and nonlinear external disturbances is proposed. This controller, in the special cases when the control matrix of the system is invertible, makes every LTV system globally asymptotically insensitive to the external disturbances regardless how large these are, in the sense, that all solutions of the controlled system converge to zero ast → ∞. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by the design of the crane control system.
Tracking Twin Boundary Jerky Motion at Nanometer and Microsecond Scales
Authors: Bronstein Emil , Tóth László Zoltán , Daróczi Lajos , Beke Dezsö László , Talmon Ronen , Shilo Doron 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe jerky motion of twin boundaries in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni‐Mn‐Ga is studied by simultaneous measurements of stress and magnetic emissions (ME). A careful design of the experimental conditions results in an approximately linear relationship between the measured ME voltage and the nm‐scale volumes exhibiting twinning transformation during microsecond‐scale abrupt “avalanche” events. This study shows that the same distributions of ME avalanches, related to features of jerky twin boundary motion, are found both during and between stress drop events. Maximum likelihood analysis of statistical distributions of several variables reveals a good fit to power laws truncated by exponential functions. Interestingly, the characteristic cutoffs described by the exponential functions are in the middle of the distribution range. Further, the cutoff values can be related to the physical characteristics of the studied problem. Particularly, the cutoff of amplitudes of ME avalanches matches the value predicted by high rate magnetic pulse tests performed under much larger driving force values. This observation implies that avalanches during slow rate twin boundary motion and velocity changes observed by high rate tests represent the same behavior and can be described by the same theory.
Isocyanide‐Induced Esterification of Sulfinic Acids to Access Sulfinates
Authors: Yang Jianjing , Dong Haozhe , Yan Kelu , Song Xiaodan , Yu Jie , Wen Jiangwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe isocyanide‐induced esterification of sulfinic acids with alcohols or thiophenols access to sulfinates has been developed. Various primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols could be compatible with the established protocols. Notably, such an isocyanide‐induced synthetic strategy presented the advantages of simple operation, good functional group tolerance, and more than 40 examples up to 99% yields.magnified image
Intermediate Phase‐Free Process for Methylammonium Lead Iodide Thin Film for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yun Yeonghun , Vidyasagar Devthade , Lee Minho , Gong Oh Yeong , Jung Jina , Jung Hyun‐Suk , Kim Dong Hoe , Lee Sangwook 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSolvent engineering by Lewis‐base solvent and anti‐solvent is well known for forming uniform and stable perovskite thin films. The perovskite phase crystallizes from an intermediate Lewis‐adduct upon annealing‐induced crystallization. Herein, it is explored the effects of trimethyl phosphate (TMP), as a novel aprotic Lewis‐base solvent with a low donor number for the perovskite film formation and photovoltaic characteristics of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). As compared to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylformamide (DMF), the usage of TMP directly crystallizes the perovskite phase, i.e., reduces the intermediate phase to a negligible degree, right after the spin‐coating, owing to the high miscibility of TMP with the anti‐solvent and weak bonding in the Lewis adduct. Interestingly, the PSCs based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) derived from TMP/DMF‐mixed solvent exhibit a higher average power conversion efficiency of 19.68% (the best: 20.02%) with a smaller hysteresis in the current‐voltage curve, compared to the PSCs that are fabricated using DMSO/DMF‐mixed (19.14%) or DMF‐only (18.55%) solvents. The superior photovoltaic properties are attributed to the lower defect density of the TMP/DMF‐derived perovskite film. The results indicate that a high‐performance PSC can be achieved by combining a weak Lewis base with a well‐established solvent engineering process.