bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Diabetes Continuing Education on Knowledge and Practice of Diabetes Care among Health Care Professionals in Yemen
Authors: Babelgaith Salmeen D. , Almetwazi Mansour , Wajid Syed , Alfadly Saeed , Shaman Ahmed M , Al-Arifi Mohamed N. 
Published: May 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the Impact of diabetes continuing education on knowledge and practice of diabetes care among health care professionals in Yemen.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out among health care professionals. The original questionnaire consisted of 22 multiple choice questions. A total of 73 HCPs received continuing education (CE) intervention. Knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) was assessed using a validated questionnaire.
Results: The result showed that majority of the HCPs has a good general knowledge on diabetes and its managements prior to the CE program. Evaluation of the general knowledge score of the HCPs found some improvement in the knowledge score, however the improvement was not significant (p=0.31). The result of this study found that HCPs has good knowledge on monitoring the sign, symptoms and laboratory parameters.
Conclusion: Evaluation of the knowledge score on Goal of Diabetes Management of HCPs found significant (p=0.024) improvement in the knowledge score. The results indicated that the lab values were rated as the most important in the goal for the treatment of diabetes patients. The study also found no significant difference in practice score after CE program among HCPs.
The Ca2+‐binding protein sorcin stimulates transcriptional activity of the unfolded protein response mediator ATF6
Authors: Parks Steven Z. , Gao Tian , Jimenez Awuapura Natalia , Ayathamattam Joseph , Chabosseau Pauline L. , Kalvakolanu Dhananjaya V. , Valdivia Héctor H. , Rutter Guy A. , Leclerc Isabelle 
Published: May 2021

Sorcin is a calcium‐binding protein involved in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores. We have previously shown that overexpressing sorcin under the rat insulin promoter was protective against high‐fat diet‐induced pancreatic beta‐cell dysfunction in vivo. Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is a key mediator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that provides cellular protection during the progression of ER stress. Here, using nonexcitable HEK293 cells, we show that sorcin overexpression increased ATF6 signalling, whereas sorcin knock out caused a reduction in ATF6 transcriptional activity and increased ER stress. Altogether, our data suggest that sorcin downregulation during lipotoxic stress may prevent full ATF6 activation and a normal UPR during the progression of obesity and insulin resistance.
A flux and speed observer for induction motors with unknown rotor resistance and load torque and no persistent excitation requirement
Authors: Pyrkin Anton , Bobtsov Alexey , Vedyakov Alexey , Ortega Romeo , Vediakova Anastasiia , Sinetova Madina 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this article, we address the problems of flux and speed observer design for voltage‐fed induction motors with unknown rotor resistance and load torque. The only measured signals are stator current and control voltage. Invoking the recently reported Dynamic Regressor Extension and Mixing‐Based Adaptive Observer (DREMBAO), we provide the first global solution to this problem. The proposed DREMBAO achieves asymptotic convergence under an excitation condition that is strictly weaker than persistent excitation. If the latter condition is assumed the convergence is exponential.
Stable Aqueous Anode‐Free Zinc Batteries Enabled by Interfacial Engineering
Authors: An Yongling , Tian Yuan , Zhang Kai , Liu Yongpeng , Liu Chengkai , Xiong Shenglin , Feng Jinkui , Qian Yitai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnode‐free zinc batteries (AFZBs) are proposed as promising energy storage systems due to their high energy density, inherent safety, low cost, and simplified fabrication process. However, rapid capacity fading caused by the side reactions between the in situ formed zinc metal anode and electrolyte hinders their practical applications. To address these issues, aqueous AFZBs enabled by electrolyte engineering to form a stable interphase are designed. By introducing a multifunctional zinc fluoride (ZnF2) additive into the electrolyte, a stable F‐rich interfacial layer is formed. This interfacial layer can not only regulate the growth orientation of zinc crystals, but also serve as an inert protection layer against side reactions such as H2 generation. Based on these synergy effects, zinc deposition/dissolution with high reversibility (Coulombic efficiency > 99.87%) and stable cycling performance up to 600 h of are achieved in the electrolyte optimized by ZnF2. With this electrolyte, the cycling life of AFZBs is significantly improved. The work may initiate the research of AFZBs and be useful for the design of high energy, high safety, and low‐cost power sources.
Tuning the Charge Transfer Dynamics of the Nanostructured GaN Photoelectrodes for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Detection in the Ultraviolet Band
Authors: Fang Shi , Wang Danhao , Wang Xiaoning , Liu Xin , Kang Yang , Yu Huabin , Zhang Haochen , Hu Wei , He Jr‐Hau , Sun Haiding , Long Shibing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe intriguing surface sensitivity of the single‐crystalline semiconductor nanowires offers tremendous opportunity in tuning the physical properties of nanophotonic and nanoelectronic devices for versatile applications. Particularly, in the pursuit of emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type devices, significant efforts have been devoted to understanding the charge transfer dynamics between the nanowires and the electrolyte. Here, a PEC‐type ultraviolet photodetector consisting of GaN p‐n junction nanowires as photoelectrodes is constructed. It is found that two competing charge transport processes at the nanowires’ surface as well as in the p‐n junction co‐determine the photoresponsive behavior of the device. Furthermore, the surface platinum (Pt) decoration has successfully tuned the charge transfer dynamics by enhancing the charge transport efficiency at the surface, resulting in a twenty‐fold increase of the photocurrent compared to the pristine GaN nanowires. Theoretical calculations reveal that the newly formed electronic states at the Pt/GaN interface account for the improved charge transfer at the surface, and the optimal hydrogen adsorption energy contributes to the boosted PEC reaction rate. The synergy of these two effects uncover the underlying mechanism of the high photoresponse of the constructed Pt/GaN‐nanowires‐based PEC photodetectors.
A Robust Wearable Point‐of‐Care CNT‐Based Strain Sensor for Wirelessly Monitoring Throat‐Related Illnesses
Authors: Qaiser Nadeem , Al‐Modaf Fhad , Khan Sherjeel Munsif , Shaikh Sohail Faizan , El‐Atab Nazek , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPoint‐of‐care testing (POC) has the ability to detect chronic and infectious diseases early or at the time of occurrence and provide a state‐of‐the‐art personalized healthcare system. Recently, wearable and flexible sensors have been employed to analyze sweat, glucose, blood, and human skin conditions. However, a flexible sensing system that allows for the real‐time monitoring of throat‐related illnesses, such as salivary parotid gland swelling caused by flu and mumps, is necessary. Here, for the first time, a wearable, highly flexible, and stretchable piezoresistive sensing patch based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is reported, which can record muscle expansion or relaxation in real‐time, and thus act as a next‐generation POC sensor. The patch offers an excellent gauge factor for in‐plane stretching and spatial expansion with low hysteresis. The actual extent of muscle expansion is calculated and the gauge factor for applications entailing volumetric deformations is redefined. Additionally, a bluetooth‐low‐energy system that tracks muscle activity in real‐time and transmits the output signals wirelessly to a smartphone app is utilized. Numerical calculations verify that the low stress and strain lead to excellent mechanical reliability and repeatability. Finally, a dummy muscle is inflated using a pneumatic‐based actuator to demonstrate the application of the affixed wearable next‐generation POC sensor.
Bioinspired Dual‐Mode Temporal Communication via Digitally Programmable Phase‐Change Materials
Authors: Deng Shihong , Huang Limei , Wu Jingjun , Pan Pengju , Zhao Qian , Xie Tao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSwitchable optical properties are essential for numerous technologies including communication, anticounterfeiting, camouflage, and imaging/sensing. Typically, the switching is enabled by applying external stimulation such as UV light for fluorescence detection. In contrast, ground squirrels utilize spontaneous live infrared emission for fencing off predators as a unique way of communication. Inspired by this, live evolution of both optical and thermal images for temporal communication in which time is the encoded information is demonstrated. This system is based on a digitally light‐cured polymeric phase‐change material for which the crystallization kinetics can be controlled in a pixelated manner. Consequently, live evolution in optical transparency during the crystallization process enables temporal optical communication. Additionally, by harnessing the dynamic evolution of the thermal enthalpy, multiple sets of time‐specific information can be reversibly retrieved as self‐evolving infrared thermal images. The versatility of this dual‐mode temporal system expands the scope for secured communication, with potential implications for various other areas including optics, thermal regulation, and 3D/4D printing.
Novel Spin–Orbit Torque Generation at Room Temperature in an All‐Oxide Epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrIrO3 System
Authors: Huang Xiaoxi , Sayed Shehrin , Mittelstaedt Joseph , Susarla Sandhya , Karimeddiny Saba , Caretta Lucas , Zhang Hongrui , Stoica Vladimir A. , Gosavi Tanay , Mahfouzi Farzad , Sun Qilong , Ercius Peter , Kioussis Nicholas , Salahuddin Sayeef , Ralph Daniel C. , Ramesh Ramamoorthy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpin–orbit torques (SOTs) that arise from materials with large spin–orbit coupling offer a new pathway for energy‐efficient and fast magnetic information storage. SOTs in conventional heavy metals and topological insulators are explored extensively, while 5d transition metal oxides, which also host ions with strong spin–orbit coupling, are a relatively new territory in the field of spintronics. An all‐oxide, SrTiO3 (STO)//La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO)/SrIrO3 (SIO) heterostructure with lattice‐matched crystal structure is synthesized, exhibiting an epitaxial and atomically sharp interface between the ferromagnetic LSMO and the high spin–orbit‐coupled metal SIO. Spin‐torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST‐FMR) is used to probe the effective magnetization and the SOT efficiency in LSMO/SIO heterostructures grown on STO substrates. Remarkably, epitaxial LSMO/SIO exhibits a large SOT efficiency, ξ|| = 1, while retaining a reasonably low shunting factor and increasing the effective magnetization of LSMO by ≈50%. The findings highlight the significance of epitaxy as a powerful tool to achieve a high SOT efficiency, explore the rich physics at the epitaxial interface, and open up a new pathway for designing next‐generation energy‐efficient spintronic devices.
Lotus‐Root‐Like Carbon Fibers Embedded with Ni–Co Nanoparticles for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Chen Chen , Guan Jun , Li Nian Wu , Lu Yue , Luan Deyan , Zhang Cai Hong , Cheng Guang , Yu Le , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe growth of lithium (Li) dendrites and the huge volume change are the critical issues for the practical applications of Li‐metal anodes. In this work, a spatial control strategy is proposed to address the above challenges using lotus‐root‐like Ni–Co hollow prisms@carbon fibers (NCH@CFs) as the host. The homogeneously distributed bimetallic Ni–Co particles on the N‐doped carbon fibers serve as nucleation sites to effectively reduce the overpotential for Li nucleation. Furthermore, the 3D conductive network can alter the electric field. More importantly, the hierarchical lotus‐root‐like hollow fibers provide sufficient void space to withstand the volume expansion during Li deposition. These structural features guide the uniform Li nucleation and non‐dendritic growth. As a result, the NCH@CFs host enables a very stable Li metal anode with a low voltage hysteresis during repeated Li plating/stripping for 1200 h at a current density of 1 mA cm−2.
Performance‐Enhanced CsPbBr3/HfO2/Si Heterostructure Optoelectronics through the Tunneling Effect
Authors: Wang Yanhao , Zheng Wei , Ji Hao , Shen Depeng , Zhang Yuhai , Han Yingkuan , Gao Jianwei , Qiang Le , Liu Hong , Han Lin , Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCsPbBr3, as an all‐inorganic perovskite, has attracted considerable research interest due to its excellent optoelectronic properties. However, because the electronic properties of CsPbBr3 are not satisfactory, the relatively low on/off ratio and long photoresponse time of CsPbBr3 devices limit further applications. In this work, a CsPbBr3 device with high performance is successfully fabricated through a simple process using a CsPbBr3 colloid, and the photoresponse performance of the device is investigated under different external factors. By inserting a thin HfO2 layer, CsPbBr3‐based heterostructure devices exhibit much better performances, including an enhanced photocurrent of ≈10 µA, a responsivity of 45.05 A W−1, a detectivity of 9.12 × 1010 Jones, an external quantum efficiency of 12445%, and rise/fall times of 600 µs/300 µs, respectively. A physical mechanism is proposed to explain the photoresponse property promotion in CsPbBr3 devices, which can be attributed to the tunneling effect between CsPbBr3 and Si through the thin HfO2 layer. More importantly, the optoelectrical properties of the proposed CsPbBr3/HfO2/Si heterostructure device can be modulated through both Vds and Vgs. This work offers a valuable strategy and a practical scheme that can be generalized to other perovskite and heterostructure devices.
The Impact of Grain Boundaries on Charge Transport in Polycrystalline Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Meier Tobias , Bässler Heinz , Köhler Anna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe active element of an organic field effect transistor (OFET) is a polycrystalline transport layer. The crystallites are interrupted by grain boundaries (GB) that can act as traps or barriers to the charge‐carriers. Their impact on charge transport and hence on the performance of the OFET is still not fully understood. Employing kinetic Monte Carlo studies, the authors set up well‐defined test systems and explore how the parameters of the system, for example, the thickness of the GB, their fractional contribution to the overall film, and the energies of the GB relative to the crystallites, affect the performance of the OFET. It is found that these parameters control the position of the Fermi level, which is crucial in controlling whether the charge transport is confined to GB, or whether it takes place as a superposition between filamentary transport in the boundaries and delocalized transport in the crystallites, or as tunneling‐mediated transport across the crystallites. Guidelines for the morphological optimization of the films for these different transport modes are derived.
Reconfigurable Surfaces Using Fringing Electric Fields from Nanostructured Electrodes in Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Ghannam Rami , Xia Yuanjie , Shen Dezhi , Fernandez F. Anibal , Heidari Hadi , Roy Vellasaimy A. L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLiquid crystals with a varying phase profile enable reconfigurable and intelligent devices to be designed, which are capable of manipulating incident electromagnetic fields in display, telecommunications as well as wearable applications. The active control of defects in these devices is becoming more important, especially since the electrodes used to manipulate them are shrinking to nanometer length scales. In this paper, a simple subwavelength, 1D, interdigitated metal electrode structure that can be reconfigured using nematic liquid crystals aligned in the homeotropic, planar, and hybrid methods are demonstrated. Accurate electro‐optic modeling of the directors and the defects are shown, which are induced by the fringing electric fields. Applied voltages result in liquid crystal reorientation near the bottom surface, such that defects are induced between the electrodes. The height of the electrodes does not affect the lateral position of these defects. Rather, this can be achieved by increasing the biasing voltage on the top electrode, which also leads to greater splay‐bend in the bulk of the material. These results therefore aim to generalize the control of defects in complex anisotropic nematic liquid crystals using simple interdigitated structures for a range of reconfigurable intelligent surface applications.
Visualization of Directional Beaming of Weakly Localized Raman from a Random Network of Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Lo Faro Maria J. , Ruello Giovanna , Leonardi Antonio A. , Morganti Dario , Irrera Alessia , Priolo Francesco , Gigan Sylvain , Volpe Giorgio , Fazio Barbara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDisordered optical media are an emerging class of materials that can strongly scatter light. These materials are useful to investigate light transport phenomena and for applications in imaging, sensing and energy storage. While coherent light can be generated using such materials, its directional emission is typically hampered by their strong scattering nature. Here, the authors directly image Rayleigh scattering, photoluminescence and weakly localized Raman light from a random network of silicon nanowires via real‐space microscopy and Fourier imaging. Direct imaging enables us to gain insight on the light transport mechanisms in the random material, to visualize its weak localization length and to demonstrate out‐of‐plane beaming of the scattered coherent Raman light. The direct visualization of coherent light beaming in such random networks of silicon nanowires offers novel opportunities for fundamental studies of light propagation in disordered media. It also opens venues for the development of next generation optical devices based on disordered structures, such as sensors, light sources, and optical switches.
Optogenetic Control of Non‐Apoptotic Cell Death
Authors: He Lian , Huang Zixian , Huang Kai , Chen Rui , Nguyen Nhung T. , Wang Rui , Cai Xiaoli , Huang Zhiquan , Siwko Stefan , Walker Joel R. , Han Gang , Zhou Yubin , Jing Ji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein, a set of optogenetic tools (designated LiPOP) that enable photoswitchable necroptosis and pyroptosis in live cells with varying kinetics, is introduced. The LiPOP tools allow reconstruction of the key molecular steps involved in these two non‐apoptotic cell death pathways by harnessing the power of light. Further, the use of LiPOPs coupled with upconversion nanoparticles or bioluminescence is demonstrated to achieve wireless optogenetic or chemo‐optogenetic killing of cancer cells in multiple mouse tumor models. LiPOPs can trigger necroptotic and pyroptotic cell death in cultured prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and in living animals, and set the stage for studying the role of non‐apoptotic cell death pathways during microbial infection and anti‐tumor immunity.
Application of offset‐free Koopman‐based model predictive control to a batch pulp digester
Authors: Son Sang Hwan , Choi Hyun‐Kyu , Kwon Joseph Sang‐Il 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work presents the application of a Koopman operator approach to a batch pulp digester. To manufacture paper products with desired properties, it is essential to consider both macroscopic and microscopic attributes of pulp. However, the complexity of multiscale dynamics of pulping processes hinders proper control system design. Therefore, we utilize extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD), which is based on Koopman operator theory, to derive a global linear representation of a pulp digester. Then, we design an offset‐free Koopman‐based model predictive control (KMPC) system to regulate the Kappa number and cell wall thickness (CWT) of fibers at a batch pulp digester while compensating for the influence of plant‐model mismatch and disturbance during operation. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the linear state‐space model, obtained via EDMD, properly predicts the behavior of a batch pulp digester, and the designed offset‐free KMPC system successfully drives the Kappa number and CWT to set‐point values.
Next‐generation sequencing and the evolution of data sharing
Authors: de Macena Sobreira Nara Lygia , Hamosh Ada 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDisease gene identification often relies on identifying multiple affected individuals with similar phenotypes and candidate variants in the same gene. Phenotypic and genomic data sharing tools have facilitated connections that led to novel disease gene discoveries and better characterization and recognition of rare diseases. Additionally, data sharing has evolved. From gene‐based matches to variant‐level information with increasing use of phenotypic information. We expect that these initiatives will continue to expand in the future affording clinicians, researchers, and most importantly, patients and their families faster and more comprehensive answers.
Comment on “The Nature of Chalcogen‐Bonding‐Type Tellurium–Nitrogen Interactions”: Fixing the Description of Finite‐Temperature Effects Restores the Agreement Between Experiment and Theory
Authors: Mewes Jan‐Michael , Hansen Andreas , Grimme Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMitzel and co‐workers recently presented an intriguing molecule displaying a tellurium–nitrogen interaction. Structural data obtained in the solid and in gas phase indicated a large increase of the Te–N equilibrium distance re from 2.64 to 2.92 Å, respectively. Although some DFT calculations appear to support the large re in gas phase, we argue that the lions share of the increase is due to an incomplete description of finite‐temperature effects in the back‐corrected experimental data. This hypothesis is based on high‐level coupled‐cluster (CC) and periodic DFT calculations, which consistently point towards a much smaller re in the isolated molecule. Further support comes through MD simulations with a tuned GFN2‐xTB Hamiltonian: Calibrated against a CC reference, these show a six‐times larger influence of temperature than with the originally used GFN1‐xTB. Taking this into account, the back‐corrected re in gas phase becomes 2.67±0.08 Å, in good agreement with high‐level CC theory and most DFT methods.
Bottom‐up Fabrication and Atomic‐Scale Characterization of Triply Linked, Laterally π‐Extended Porphyrin Nanotapes**
Authors: Sun Qiang , Mateo Luis M. , Robles Roberto , Lorente Nicolas , Ruffieux Pascal , Bottari Giovanni , Torres Tomás , Fasel Roman 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPorphyrin nanotapes (Por NTs) are promising structures for their use as molecular wires thanks to a high degree of π‐conjugation, low HOMO—LUMO gaps, and exceptional conductance. Such structures have been prepared in solution, but their on‐surface synthesis remains unreported. Here, meso–meso triply fused Por NTs have been prepared through a two‐step synthesis on Au(111). The diradical character of the on‐surface formed building block PorA2, a phenalenyl π‐extended ZnIIPor, facilitates intermolecular homocoupling and allows for the formation of laterally π‐extended tapes. The structural and electronic properties of individual Por NTs are addressed, both on Au(111) and on a thin insulating NaCl layer, by high‐resolution scanning probe microscopy/spectroscopy complemented by DFT calculations. These Por NTs carry one unpaired electron at each end, which leads to magnetic end states. Our study provides a versatile route towards Por NTs and the atomic‐scale characterization of such tapes.