bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribolium beetles as a model system in evolution and ecology
Authors: Pointer Michael D. , Gage Matthew J. G. , Spurgin Lewis G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlour beetles of the genusTriboliumhave been utilised as informative study systems for over a century and contributed to major advances across many fields. This review serves to highlight the significant historical contribution thatTriboliumstudy systems have made to the fields of ecology and evolution, and to promote their use as contemporary research models. We review the broad range of studies employingTriboliumto make significant advances in ecology and evolution. We show that research usingTriboliumbeetles has contributed a substantial amount to evolutionary and ecological understanding, especially in the fields of population dynamics, reproduction and sexual selection, population and quantitative genetics, and behaviour, physiology and life history. We propose a number of future research opportunities usingTribolium, with particular focus on how their amenability to forward and reverse genetic manipulation may provide a valuable complement to other insect models.
Does diagnostic uncertainty increase antibiotic prescribing in primary care?
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Chaojie , Zhang Xinping , Liu Chenxi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the association between factors relevant to diagnostic uncertainty and physicians’ antibiotic-prescribing behaviour in primary care. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 327 physicians that measured their diagnostic ability, perceived frequency of diagnostic uncertainty, tolerance, and perceived patient tolerance of uncertainty. Physician antibiotic-prescribing behaviours were assessed based on their prescriptions (n = 207,804) of three conditions: upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs, antibiotics not recommended), acute tonsillitis (cautious use of antibiotics), and pneumonia (antibiotics recommended). A two-level logistic regression model determined the association between diagnostic uncertainty factors and physician antibiotic prescribing. Physicians perceived a higher frequency of diagnostic uncertainty resulting in higher antibiotic use for URTIs and less antibiotic use for pneumonia. Higher antibiotic use for acute tonsillitis was related to a low tolerance of uncertainty of physicians and patients. This study suggests that reducing diagnostic uncertainty and improving physician and patient uncertainty management could reduce antibiotic use.
North polar trough formation due to in-situ erosion as a source of young ice in mid-latitudinal mantles on Mars
Authors: Rodriguez J. Alexis P. , Tanaka Kenneth L. , Bramson Ali M. , Leonard Gregory J. , Baker Victor R. , Zarroca Mario 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe clockwise spiral of troughs marking the Martian north polar plateau forms one of the planet’s youngest megastructures. One popular hypothesis posits that the spiral pattern resulted as troughs underwent poleward migration. Here, we show that the troughs are extensively segmented into enclosed depressions (or cells). Many cell interiors display concentric layers that connect pole- and equator-facing slopes, demonstrating in-situ trough erosion. The segmentation patterns indicate a history of gradual trough growth transversely to katabatic wind directions, whereby increases in trough intersections generated their spiral arrangement. The erosional event recorded in the truncated strata and trough segmentation may have supplied up to ~25% of the volume of the mid-latitude icy mantles. Topographically subtle undulations transition into troughs and have distributions that mimic and extend the troughs’ spiraling pattern, indicating that they probably represent buried trough sections. The retention of the spiral pattern in surface and subsurface troughs is consistent with the megastructure’s stabilization before its partial burial. A previously suggested warm paleoclimatic spike indicates that the erosion could have occurred as recently as ~50 Ka. Hence, if the removed ice was redeposited to form the mid-latitude mantles, they could provide a valuable source of near-surface, clean ice for future human exploration.
Inhibition of ERK 1/2 kinases prevents tendon matrix breakdown
Authors: Blache Ulrich , Wunderli Stefania L. , Hussien Amro A. , Stauber Tino , Flückiger Gabriel , Bollhalder Maja , Niederöst Barbara , Fucentese Sandro F. , Snedeker Jess G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTendon extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical unloading results in tissue degradation and breakdown, with niche-dependent cellular stress directing proteolytic degradation of tendon. Here, we show that the extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is central in tendon degradation of load-deprived tissue explants. We show that ERK 1/2 are highly phosphorylated in mechanically unloaded tendon fascicles in a vascular niche-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK 1/2 abolishes the induction of ECM catabolic gene expression (MMPs) and fully prevents loss of mechanical properties. Moreover, ERK 1/2 inhibition in unloaded tendon fascicles suppresses features of pathological tissue remodeling such as collagen type 3 matrix switch and the induction of the pro-fibrotic cytokine interleukin 11. This work demonstrates ERK signaling as a central checkpoint to trigger tendon matrix degradation and remodeling using load-deprived tissue explants.
An equilibrium desorption model for the strength and extraction yield of full immersion brewed coffee
Authors: Liang Jiexin , Chan Ka Chun , Ristenpart William D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe sensory qualities of brewed coffee are known to be strongly correlated with the total dissolved solids (TDS) and extraction yield (E) of the brew. Here, we derive a predictive model for the TDS and E of full immersion brewed coffee using a pseudo-equilibrium desorption approach. Assuming a single, species-averaged equilibrium constant $$K$$
K
yields theoretical predictions indicating that the TDS is approximately inversely proportional to the water/coffee mass brew ratio, while E is independent of the brew ratio. Our experimental results strongly accord with both theoretical predictions, and indicate that E is approximately 21% over a wide range of brew ratios. An analysis of the standard oven-drying method for measuring E indicates that it yields significant underestimates of the true value at equilibrium, due to retained brew within the spent moist grounds. We further demonstrate that $$K$$
K
is insensitive to grind size, roast level, and brew temperature over the range 80–99 °C. Taken together, our results indicate that full immersion brewing offers precise control over the TDS at equilibrium but little control over E, and that practitioners should pay careful attention to their brew ratio as the most important parameter for full-immersion brewing.
Detection and monitoring of Drosophila suzukii in raspberry and cherry orchards with volatile organic compounds in the USA and Europe
Authors: Larson Nicholas R. , Strickland Jaime , Shields Vonnie D. , Biondi Antonio , Zappalà Lucia , Cavallaro Carmelo , Colazza Stefano , Escudero-Colomar Lucía-Adriana , Briem Felix , Vogt Heidrun , Debias François , Gibert Patricia , Desouhant Emmanuel , Zhang Aijun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpotted wing drosophila (SWD) causes significant economic loss in fruit crops to growers worldwide. There is immediate need for efficacious and selective monitoring tools that can detect infestations early. Previously, volatile organic compounds derived from apple were studied and a quinary chemical component blend (QB) was identified as the key SWD attractant in a blueberry orchard in the United States. This study’s aim was to determine whether previously observed QB efficacy, selectivity, and early detection levels could be attained within raspberry and cherry fields in the USA and Europe. Results demonstrated that sticky trap baited QB dispenser provided earlier SWD detection potential than the usually adopted apple cider vinegar (ACV) trap. The number of SWD captured/trap by QB baited trapping systems was significantly lower than that of the ACV trap. However, percent SWD/trap of QB baited traps was same within cherry. Lower non-target capture will save farmer/grower’s labor and time allocated to traps installation and drosophila species identification. Within the USA, SWD selectivity of QB baited liquid traps was consistently greater than sticky trap in raspberry field, suggesting that the QB dispenser can be an alternative to the standard ACV lure and that trap design could improve selectivity further.
Automated detection of critical findings in multi-parametric brain MRI using a system of 3D neural networks
Authors: Nael Kambiz , Gibson Eli , Yang Chen , Ceccaldi Pascal , Yoo Youngjin , Das Jyotipriya , Doshi Amish , Georgescu Bogdan , Janardhanan Nirmal , Odry Benjamin , Nadar Mariappan , Bush Michael , Re Thomas J. , Huwer Stefan , Josan Sonal , von Busch Heinrich , Meyer Heiko , Mendelson David , Drayer Burton P. , Comaniciu Dorin , Fayad Zahi A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the rapid growth and increasing use of brain MRI, there is an interest in automated image classification to aid human interpretation and improve workflow. We aimed to train a deep convolutional neural network and assess its performance in identifying abnormal brain MRIs and critical intracranial findings including acute infarction, acute hemorrhage and mass effect. A total of 13,215 clinical brain MRI studies were categorized to training (74%), validation (9%), internal testing (8%) and external testing (8%) datasets. Up to eight contrasts were included from each brain MRI and each image volume was reformatted to common resolution to accommodate for differences between scanners. Following reviewing the radiology reports, three neuroradiologists assigned each study to abnormal vs normal, and identified three critical findings including acute infarction, acute hemorrhage, and mass effect. A deep convolutional neural network was constructed by a combination of localization feature extraction (LFE) modules and global classifiers to identify the presence of 4 variables in brain MRIs including abnormal, acute infarction, acute hemorrhage and mass effect. Training, validation and testing sets were randomly defined on a patient basis. Training was performed on 9845 studies using balanced sampling to address class imbalance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. The ROC analysis of our models for 1050 studies within our internal test data showed AUC/sensitivity/specificity of 0.91/83%/86% for normal versus abnormal brain MRI, 0.95/92%/88% for acute infarction, 0.90/89%/81% for acute hemorrhage, and 0.93/93%/85% for mass effect. For 1072 studies within our external test data, it showed AUC/sensitivity/specificity of 0.88/80%/80% for normal versus abnormal brain MRI, 0.97/90%/97% for acute infarction, 0.83/72%/88% for acute hemorrhage, and 0.87/79%/81% for mass effect. Our proposed deep convolutional network can accurately identify abnormal and critical intracranial findings on individual brain MRIs, while addressing the fact that some MR contrasts might not be available in individual studies.
Ten-year trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea
Authors: Kim Kwang-il , Ji Eunjeong , Choi Jung-yeon , Kim Sun-wook , Ahn Soyeon , Kim Cheol-Ho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database to determine the trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea over the past 10 years. In addition, we tried to investigate the effect of chronic medical conditions on hypertension management. We investigated the hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate from 2008 to 2017. KNHANES, which uses a stratified multistage sampling design, is a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey conducted by the Korean government. A total of 59,282 adults (≥ 20 years) were included, which was representative of the total population of around 40 million Koreans per year. The mean age was 50.7 ± 16.4 years and 42.6% were male. The prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity significantly increased over the 10 years. During this period, the hypertension treatment and control rate significantly improved. Hypertension treatment rate was significantly lower in the younger age group compared to the older age group, but the control rate among the treated patients was not significantly different between age groups. The treatment and control rates of hypertension were higher in patients with multimorbidity, which implies that it has a favorable effect on the treatment and control of hypertension. Hypertension treatment and control rate have improved over the past 10 years. The higher treatment and control rate in patients with multimorbidity suggest that the more aggressive surveillance might be associated with the improvement of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea.
Impact of size at birth and postnatal growth on metabolic and neurocognitive outcomes in prematurely born school-age children
Authors: Kim Yoo Jinie , Shin Seung Han , Lee Eun Sun , Jung Young Hwa , Lee Young Ah , Shin Choong Ho , Kim Ee-Kyung , Kim Han-Suk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrematurity, size at birth, and postnatal growth are important factors that determine cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental outcomes later in life. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the associations between the size at birth and growth velocity after birth with cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. Fifty-six preterm infants born at < 32 weeks of gestation or having a birth weight of < 1500 g were enrolled and categorized into small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) groups. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters were assessed at school-age, and the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, fourth edition (K-WISC-IV) was used for assessing the intellectual abilities. The growth velocity was calculated by changes in the weight z-score at each time period. Multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the associations of growth velocity at different periods with cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Forty-two (75%) were classified as AGA and 25% as SGA. At school-age, despite the SGA children showing significantly lower body weight, lean mass index, and body mass index, there were no differences in the cardiometabolic parameters between SGA and AGA groups. After adjusting for gestational age, birth weight z-score, weight z-score change from birth to discharge and sex, change in weight z-score beyond 12 months were associated with a higher systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and insulin resistance. Full-scale intelligent quotient (β = 0.314, p = 0.036) and perceptional reasoning index (β = 0.456, p = 0.003) of K-WISC-IV were positively correlated with postnatal weight gain in the neonatal intensive care unit. Although cardiometabolic outcomes were comparable in preterm SGA and AGA infants, the growth velocity at different time periods resulted in different cardiometabolic and neurocognitive outcomes. Thus, ensuring an optimal growth velocity at early neonatal period could promote good neurocognitive outcomes, while adequate growth after 1 year could prevent adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in preterm infants.
ANGPTL3 gene variants in subjects with familial combined hyperlipidemia
Authors: Bea A. M. , Franco-Marín E. , Marco-Benedí V. , Jarauta E. , Gracia-Rubio I. , Cenarro A. , Civeira F. , Lamiquiz-Moneo I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAngiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) plays an important role in lipid metabolism in humans. Loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL3 cause a monogenic disease named familial combined hypolipidemia. However, the potential contribution of ANGPTL3 gene in subjects with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) has not been studied. For that reason, the aim of this work was to investigate the potential contribution of ANGPTL3 in the aetiology of FCHL by identifying gain-of-function (GOF) genetic variants in the ANGPTL3 gene in FCHL subjects. ANGPTL3 gene was sequenced in 162 unrelated subjects with severe FCHL and 165 normolipemic controls. Pathogenicity of genetic variants was predicted with PredictSNP2 and FruitFly. Frequency of identified variants in FCHL was compared with that of normolipemic controls and that described in the 1000 Genomes Project. No GOF mutations in ANGPTL3 were present in subjects with FCHL. Four variants were identified in FCHL subjects, showing a different frequency from that observed in normolipemic controls: c.607-109T>C, c.607-47_607-46delGT, c.835+41C>A and c.*52_*60del. This last variant, c.*52_*60del, is a microRNA associated sequence in the 3′UTR of ANGPTL3, and it was present 2.7 times more frequently in normolipemic controls than in FCHL subjects. Our research shows that no GOF mutations in ANGPTL3 were found in a large group of unrelated subjects with FCHL.
Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence
Authors: Barlow Dawn R. , Klinck Holger , Ponirakis Dimitri , Garvey Christina , Torres Leigh G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding relationships between physical drivers and biological response is central to advancing ecological knowledge. Wind is the physical forcing mechanism in coastal upwelling systems, however lags between wind input and biological responses are seldom quantified for marine predators. Lags were examined between wind at an upwelling source, decreased temperatures along the upwelling plume’s trajectory, and blue whale occurrence in New Zealand’s South Taranaki Bight region (STB). Wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) were extracted for austral spring–summer months between 2009 and 2019. A hydrophone recorded blue whale vocalizations October 2016-March 2017. Timeseries cross-correlation analyses were conducted between wind speed, SST at different locations along the upwelling plume, and blue whale downswept vocalizations (D calls). Results document increasing lag times (0–2 weeks) between wind speed and SST consistent with the spatial progression of upwelling, culminating with increased D call density at the distal end of the plume three weeks after increased wind speeds at the upwelling source. Lag between wind events and blue whale aggregations (n = 34 aggregations 2013–2019) was 2.09 ± 0.43 weeks. Variation in lag was significantly related to the amount of wind over the preceding 30 days, which likely influences stratification. This study enhances knowledge of physical-biological coupling in upwelling ecosystems and enables improved forecasting of species distribution patterns for dynamic management.
Npas4 impairs fear memory via phosphorylated HDAC5 induced by CGRP administration in mice
Authors: Hashikawa-Hobara Narumi , Mishima Shuta , Okujima Chihiro , Shitanishi Youdai , Hashikawa Naoya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe relationships among neuropeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and memory formation remain unclear. Here, we showed that the intracerebroventricular administration of CGRP impaired the traumatic fear memories, in a widely studied animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder. We found that CGRP administration suppressed fear memory by increasing neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4), phosphorylated histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), and protein kinase D (PKD). We also discovered that Npas4 knockdown inhibited CGRP-mediated fear memory. CGRP decreased the binding between HDAC5 and the Npas4 enhancer site and increased the binding between acetylated histone H3 and the Npas4 enhancer site. The pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of PKD attenuated the CGRP-mediated impairment of fear memory and the increased phosphorylation of HDAC5 and Npas4 expression. Our findings demonstrated that the CGRP-PKD pathway was associated with the histone H3 acetylation-Npas4 pathway. These results suggested a novel function for CGRP on fear memory, through epigenetic regulation.
NAO predictability from external forcing in the late 20th century
Authors: Klavans Jeremy M. , Cane Mark A. , Clement Amy C. , Murphy Lisa N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is predictable in climate models at near-decadal timescales. Predictive skill derives from ocean initialization, which can capture variability internal to the climate system, and from external radiative forcing. Herein, we show that predictive skill for the NAO in a very large uninitialized multi-model ensemble is commensurate with previously reported skill from a state-of-the-art initialized prediction system. The uninitialized ensemble and initialized prediction system produce similar levels of skill for northern European precipitation and North Atlantic SSTs. Identifying these predictable components becomes possible in a very large ensemble, confirming the erroneously low signal-to-noise ratio previously identified in both initialized and uninitialized climate models. Though the results here imply that external radiative forcing is a major source of predictive skill for the NAO, they also indicate that ocean initialization may be important for particular NAO events (the mid-1990s strong positive NAO), and, as previously suggested, in certain ocean regions such as the subpolar North Atlantic ocean. Overall, we suggest that improving climate models’ response to external radiative forcing may help resolve the known signal-to-noise error in climate models.
Endothelial Jak3 expression enhances pro-hematopoietic angiocrine function in mice
Authors: Barcia Durán José Gabriel , Lu Tyler , Houghton Sean , Geng Fuqiang , Schreiner Ryan , Xiang Jenny , Rafii Shahin , Redmond David , Lis Raphaël 
Published: March 2021

AbstractJak3 is the only non-promiscuous member of the Jak family of secondary messengers. Studies to date have focused on understanding and targeting the cell-autonomous role of Jak3 in immunity, while functional Jak3 expression outside the hematopoietic system remains largely unreported. We show that Jak3 is expressed in endothelial cells across hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic organs, with heightened expression in the bone marrow. The bone marrow niche is understood as a network of different cell types that regulate hematopoietic function. We show that the Jak3–/– bone marrow niche is deleterious for the maintenance of long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) and that JAK3-overexpressing endothelial cells have increased potential to expand LT-HSCs in vitro. This work may serve to identify a novel function for a highly specific tyrosine kinase in the bone marrow vascular niche and to further characterize the LT-HSC function of sinusoidal endothelium.