bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal-Activated ILC2s Promote IL-17A Production in Lung γδ T Cells During Sepsis
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Lai Dengming , Li Yuehua , Wang Xueke , Pan Yihang , Fang Xiangming , Fan Jie , Shu Qiang 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundStudies have revealed important roles for IL-17A in the development of acute lung injury (ALI) following sepsis. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of lung IL-17A remains to be fully addressed. Recent studies suggested the effect of neuromedin U (NMU) on immune cell activation and the role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the modulation of IL-17A production. We aimed to gain in-depth insight into the mechanism underlying sepsis-induced lung IL-17A production, particularly, the role of NMU in mediating neuronal regulation of ILC2s and IL-17A-producing γδ T cells activation in sepsis.MethodsWild type mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis with or without intraperitoneal injection of NMU. The levels of ILC2s, γδ T cells, IL-17A, NMU and NMU receptor 1 (NMUR1) in the lung were then measured. In order to determine the role of NMU signaling in ILC2 activation and the role of ILC2-released IL-9 in ILC2-γδ T cell interaction, ILC2s were sorted, and the genes of nmur1 and il9 in the ILC2s were knocked down using CRISPR/Cas9. The genetically manipulated ILC2s were then co-cultured with lung γδ T cells, and the levels of IL-17A from co-culture systems were measured.ResultsIn septic mice, the levels of NMU, IL-17A, ILC2s, and IL-17A-producing γδ T cells in the lung are significantly increased, and the expression of NMUR1 in ILC2s is increased as well. Exogenous NMU further augments these increases. The main source of IL-17A in response to CLP is γδ T cells, and lung nmur1 is specifically expressed in ILC2s. In vitro co-culture of ILC2s and γδ T cells leads to increased number of γδ T cells and higher production of IL-17A from γδ T cells, and these alterations are further augmented by septic treatment and exogenous NMU. Genetic knockdown of nmur1 or il9 in ILC2s attenuated the upregulation of γδ T cells and IL-17A production.ConclusionIn sepsis, NMU acting through NMUR1 in lung ILC2s initiates the ILC2 activation, which, in turn, promote IL-17A-producing γδ T cell expansion and secretion of IL-17A. ILC2-derived IL-9 plays an important role in mediating γδ T cell expansion and IL-17A production. This study explores a new mechanism underlying neuronal regulation of innate immunity in sepsis.
Evidence for Peripheral Immune Activation in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chen Xueping , Feng Weihua , Ou Ruwei , Liu Jiao , Yang Jing , Fu Jiajia , Cao Bei , Chen Yongping , Wei Qianqian , Shang Huifang 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAccumulating evidence has revealed that peripheral immunity is involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the results regarding the percentage of T-cell subsets are inconsistent, and the changes of immunoglobins levels have been seldom studied in PD patients.MethodsSerum levels of the percentage of T-cell subsets and immunoglobulins were measured in 761 PD patients and 761 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The correlations between the variables of peripheral immune activation (PIA) and the clinical characteristics of PD were analyzed using correlation analysis.ResultsThe pooled results showed that PD patients had higher proportional levels of CD3+ T and CD4+ T lymphocytes than healthy controls. CD8+ T cell percentages were similar in PD patients and controls, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher in the PD population. No significant differences in IgG, IgA, or IgM levels between these two groups were found. CD4+ T cell percentage was inversely correlated with the H&amp;Y stage, and IgG level was positively correlated with disease duration and UPDRS part III. Subgroup analyses showed that these associations existed in female patients, but not in male patients.ConclusionThe enhanced immune activation in the peripheral system is indicated in PD, and dynamic alterations in CD4+ T cell percentage and IgG level suggest an active role for peripheral immunity in the disease progression, especially in female PD patients.
Neck and Trunk Muscle Strength in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Is Lower Than in Healthy Controls and Depends on Disease Type
Authors: Stępień Agnieszka , Osiak Tomasz , Rekowski Witold , Wit Andrzej 
Published: April 2021

Background: Neck and trunk muscle strength and relationship with motor function in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is not investigated well. Information on maximum muscle strength that children with SMA may develop considerably expands the possibilities of assessing the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment methods and therapeutic procedures. This study sought to assess neck and trunk muscle strength in patients with SMA and to compare it with values noted in healthy children.Methods: The study involved 56 individuals with SMA aged 5–16 not treated pharmacologically, including 9 patients with SMA type 1 (SMA1), 27 with SMA type 2 (SMA2), and 20 with SMA type 3 (SMA3). The control group included 111 healthy individuals aged 5–16. Neck and trunk muscle strength was assessed by means of a maximum voluntary isometric contraction method with the use of a handheld digital muscle tester MICROFET2. Moreover, relative strength was also calculated by standardising the maximum voluntary isometric contraction according to body mass. The Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Spearman's rank correlation were used for statistical analysis.Results: The reliability of the neck and trunk muscle strength measurements with the handheld digital muscle tester was excellent with ICC &gt; 0.9. The values of muscle strength in SMA groups were significantly lower than in the control group. The values of relative torque of the neck muscles expressed in percentage values calculated with regard to the control group were at the level of 47.6–51.6% in SMA1 group, 54.8–58.1% in SMA2 group and 80.6–90.3% in SMA3 group. The percentage values for upper and lower trunk muscle strength were at the level of 42.6–68.4% in SMA1 group, 56.9–75.4% in SMA2 group and 76.7–94.8% in SMA3 group.Conclusion: Handheld dynamometry provides reliable measures of neck and trunk muscle strength in SMA children. Neck and trunk muscle strength in children with SMA is lower than in healthy controls and depends on disease type, which confirms the theory based on clinical observations. Further, study is needed to investigate the effect of pharmacological treatment on the strength of the neck/trunk muscles, and relationship between neck and trunk muscle strength and motor capabilities.
Velvet Antler Ameliorates Cardiac Function by Restoring Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Activity in Rats With Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shi Haoyue , Zhao Tianzi , Li Yanjun , Xiao Xiang , Wu Jiayun , Zhang Haojun , Qiao Jiajun , Huang Li , Li Lin 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Velvet antler (VA; cornu cervi pantotrichum), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to exert cardioprotective effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of VA on heart failure (HF) caused by ischemia-reperfusion, and explore its possible mechanism from the regulation of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 alpha (SERCA2a).Methods: A rat model of HF was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 88). One week after surgery, VA (200, 400, or 800 mg/[kg day−1]) or enalapril (1 mg/[kg day−1]) was administered daily for the next 4 weeks. Heart function was detected by echocardiography and histopathological analysis. The serum BNP level was measured by ELISA, and the expression of SERCA2a, PLB, PLB-Ser16, and PKA was determined by western blotting. SERCA2a and PLB mRNA levels were determined by real-time quantitative PCR.Results: Compared with the sham group, cardiac function in the HF group, including the serum BNP level, heart mass index, myocardial collagen deposition, and left ventricular ejection fraction, was markedly reduced; however, these changes could be reversed by VA treatment. In addition, VA (200 mg/[kg·d−1]) inhibited the decrease of SERCA2a and PLB mRNA levels and SERCA2a, PLB, PLB-Ser16, and PKA protein expression and restored the activity of SERCA2a and PKA. Enalapril affected only PLB protein expression.Conclusion: VA can improve myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling in rats, thereby helping to restore cardiac function. The underlying mechanism may be related to the upregulation of the expression and activation of PKA and PLB and the restoration of the expression and activity of SERCA2a.
The Learning to Be Project: An Intervention for Spanish Students in Primary Education
Authors: Resurrección Davinia M. , Jiménez Óliver , Menor Esther , Ruiz-Aranda Desireé 
Published: April 2021

Despite the emphasis placed by most curricula in the development of social and emotional competencies in education, there seems to be a general lack of knowledge of methods that integrate strategies for assessing these competencies into existing educational practices. Previous research has shown that the development of social and emotional competencies in children has multiple benefits, as they seem to contribute to better physical and mental health, an increase in academic motivation, and the well-being and healthy social progress of children. This study aims at assessing the possible changes in children’s self-esteem, socio-emotional competencies, and school-related variables after participating in the Learning to Be project (L2B) project.Methods:This quasi-experimental study included an intervention group (L2B) and a control group. The participants were 221 students in primary education (55.2% girls) between the ages of eight and 11 (M= 9.31; SD = 0.89). The L2B intervention program took place over a period of 5 months. The assessment was carried out twice, before and after the intervention through three main evaluation instruments: the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem questionnaire, the Socio-Emotional competence questionnaire (SEQ), and self-report scales for measuring school difficulties, school engagement, opinions about school, and school absence. Ten schools from different Spanish provinces participated.Results:The results indicate that those participants in the experimental group show higher self-esteem, better responsible decisions, and higher self-awareness than those in the control group. There were no other statistical differences between groups.Conclusions:The results of this work suggest that the implementation of the L2B program did not improve social and emotional competencies in primary school students. Further research related to how include formative assessment in SEL programs is needed.
Resistance Detection and Transmission Risk Analysis of Pig-Derived Pathogenic Escherichia coli in East China
Authors: Li Xiaoting , Liu Haibin , Cao Sai , Cheng Ping , Li Fulei , Ishfaq Muhammad , Sun Jichao , Zhang Xiuying 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Antibiotics play an essential role in the treatment and prevention of diseases in pig farms. However, the irrational use of antibiotics leads to the emergence of multi-drug resistance of bacteria, which poses a critical threat to the efficacy of antibiotic treatments. Therefore, the study is designed to analyze the drug resistance of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from large-scale pig farms in East China, which provides a theoretical basis for precisely targeted clinical drugs in swine farms.Method: The pathogenic E. coli were isolated and identified from clinical samples of swine farms, and the drug resistance of pathogenic E. coli was detected by antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) and minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC). Moreover, the prevalence of plasmid-mediated β-lactam resistance genes was analyzed by PCR.Results: A total of 67 pathogenic E. coli were isolated from 152 samples collected from 20 large-scale pig farms in East China. All isolated pathogenic E. coli are associated with severe drug resistance. Moreover, 70% of isolated pathogenic E. coli is resistant to more than four antibiotics. Besides, there were 19 serotypes including O2, O4, O5, O6, O14, O26, O38, O42, O49, O57, O92, O93, O95, O101, O121, O131, O143, O158, and O161, of which the O4 and O92 serotype were the main serotypes in swine farms. The main extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)-encoding genes in East China were blaCTX−M, blaTEM, and blaOXA by the detection of the ESBLs encoding genes of porcine pathogenic E. coli. The conjugation assays showed that a total of 30 transconjugants were obtained by conjugation, which indicated that drug resistance genes could be transmitted horizontally through conjugative plasmids.Conclusion: The isolated pathogenic E. coli were all multi-drug resistant, and especially O4 and O92 were the main serotypes. The β-lactam resistance genes were prevalent in large-scale pig farms in East China, which provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of pig-derived pathogenic E. coli in the future.
Improvement in Lung Cancer Survival: 6-Year Trends of Overall Survival at Hungarian Patients Diagnosed in 2011–2016
Authors: Bogos Krisztina , Kiss Zoltan , Tamási Lilla , Ostoros Gyula , Müller Veronika , Urbán László , Bittner Nóra , Sárosi Veronika , Vastag Aladár , Polányi Zoltán , Nagy-Erdei Zsófia , Daniel Andrea , Vokó Zoltán , Nagy Balázs , Horváth Krisztián , Rokszin György , Abonyi-Tóth Zsolt , Barcza Zsófia , Gálffy Gabriella , Moldvay Judit 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and its survival is still poor. The objective of our study was to estimate long-term survival of Hungarian lung cancer patients at first time based on a nationwide review of the National Health Insurance Fund database.Methods: Our retrospective, longitudinal study included patients aged ≥20 years who were diagnosed with lung cancer (ICD-10 C34) between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016. Survival rates were evaluated by year of diagnosis, patient gender and age, and morphology of lung cancer.Results: 41,854 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients were recorded. Mean age at diagnosis varied between 64.7 and 65.9 years during study period. One- and 5-year overall survival rates for the total population were 42.2 and 17.9%, respectively. Survival was statistically associated with gender, age and type of lung cancer. Female patients (n = 16,362) had 23% better survival (HR: 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–0.79; p &lt; 0.001) than males (n = 25,492). The highest survival rates were found in the 20–49 age cohort (5Y = 31.3%) and if the cancer type was adenocarcinoma (5Y = 20.5%). We measured 5.3% improvement (9.2% adjusted) in lung cancer survival comparing the period 2015–2016 to 2011–2012 (HR: 0.95 95% CI: 0.92–0.97; p = 0.003), the highest at females &lt;60 year (0.86 (adjusted HR was 0.79), interaction analysis was significant for age and histology types.Conclusion: Our study provided long-term Lung cancer survival data in Hungary for the first time. We found a 5.3% improvement in 5-year survival in 4 years. Women and young patients had better survival. Survival rates were comparable to–and at the higher end of–rates registered in other East-Central European countries (7.7%–15.7%).
PENGARUH INSIGHT SOSIAL MEDIA INSTAGRAM TERHADAP PENJUALAN PT INFIA NIAGA DIGITAL
Authors: Pramudita Aditia Sovia 
Published: April 2021

Kemajuan teknologi dan Internet mempengaruhi perubahan gaya hidup di Indonesia. Perubahan dari retail ke digital juga sangat kentara saat ini dengan kemajuan sosial media dan E-commerce-nya, salah satunya adalah penggunaan Instagram sebagai media promosi. Mengacu kepada Promotion Mix, promosi yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan penjualan di Instagram oleh PT Infia Niaga Digital terbagi menjadi konten campaign (promotion sales) dan konten produk (advertising). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur pengaruh konten campaign dan konten produk terhadap penjualan di PT Infia Niaga Digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan Regresi Linear Berganda dimana terdapat dua atau lebih variabel yang mempengaruhi Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Insight pada Instagram berupa likes, comment dan impression sebagai variabel dengan adalah Penjualan. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS, hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah promosi di Instagram dengan marketing mix yaitu konten campaign tidak berpengaruh terhadap penjualan dengan besar pengaruh 3,4% secara simultan sedangkan konten produk juga tidak berpengaruh terhadap penjualan dan berpengaruh terhadap penjualan sebesar 7,7% secara simultan.
THE STUDI KELAYAKAN LOKASI MELALUI ANALISA POTENSI PASAR DAN PROYEKSI KEUANGAN MENGGUNAKAN MAPPING BCG MATRIKS YANG DIMODIFIKASI PADA USAHA KECIL MENENGAH
Authors: Alamsyah Muhammad Iqbal , Berliani Kartika 
Published: April 2021

Setiap tahun UKM baru yang menjual makanan dan minuman atau jajanan dalam bentuk cafe, restoran, rumah makan, gerobak, ataupun pedagang kaki lima muncul di Kota Bandung. Namun, diantara para UKM tersebut tidak dapat berlangsung lama, mereka berpendapat bahwa usahanya tutup dikarenakan lokasi usaha yang dimilikinya tidak strategis atau potensi daerahnya kurang menarik. Sedangkan pengambilan keputusan penentuan lokasi yang dilakukan oleh pemilik UKM biasanya hanya menggunakan pendapat mereka pribadi tanpa menggunakan analisis.
Penelitian ini yang memiliki tujuan untuk menghasilkan alat analisis yang dapat digunakan oleh UKM dalam menentukan lokasi usaha dalam bentuk studi kelayakan (feasibility study) lokasi usaha menggunakan alat ukur BCG-Matriks yang dimodifikasi dengan analisa potensi pasar dan proyeksi keuangan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus pada salah satu UKM di kota Bandung Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan maka lokasi yang dipilih dan layak direkomendasikan untuk dibuka yaitu lokasi di daerah Buahbatu.
Kata Kunci : Feasibility Study, Potensi Pasar, Proyeksi Keuangan, BCG Matriks, Usaha Kecil Menengah
MINAT BELI KONSUMEN MELALUI APLIKASI TIX ID YANG DIPENGARUHI OLEH SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING, BRAND IMAGE, DAN E-SERVICE QUALITY
Authors: Setiawati Devia , Madiawati Putu Nina 
Published: April 2021

Teknologi informasi di Indonesia terus meningkat, hal tersebut seiring dengan meningkatnya industri film di Indonesia juga semakin pesat. Salah satunya muncul aplikasi layanan pembelian tiket bioskop secara online yaitu Tix Id. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mencari tahu bagaimana social media marketing dari Tix Id, bagaimana brand image Tix Id dari pandangan konsumen, bagaimana e-service quality dari aplikasi Tix Id, bagaimana minat beli konsumen pada aplikasi Tix Id, dan bagaimana pengaruh secara parsial dari social media marketing, brand image, dan e-service quality terhadap minat beli konsumen pada aplikasi Tix Id di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data yaitu Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan menggunakan aplikasi olah data SmartPLS. Pada hasil analisis deskriptif berdasarkan tanggapan responden pada variabel social media marketing, variabel brand image, variabel e-service quality, dan variabel minat beli termasuk dalam kategori baik. Sedangkan pada hasil uji hipotesis yang dilakukan berdasarkan nilai t-statistic dari hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa seluruh hipotesis diterima, yang berarti social media marketing berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap minat beli konsumen pada aplikasi Tix Id, brand image memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli konsumen pada aplikasi Tix Id, dan e-service quality memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap minat beli konsumen pada aplikasi Tix Id.

Kata Kunci: social media marketing, brand image, e-service quality, dan minat beli.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN MAKANAN TRADISIONAL KERIPIK TALAS BENENG KHAS KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG
Authors: Suhandi Suhandi , Hanafiah Hafidz , Harsono Pramudi 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi pemasaran makanan tradisional keripik talas beneng khas Kabupaten Pandeglang.Karena selama ini para pelaku usaha keripik talas beneng yang ada di kabupaten Pandeglang masih kesulitan dalam proses pemasaran produknya.Metode yang di gunakan adalah analisis SWOT dengan kekuatan,kelemahan,peluang dan ancaman dari produk keripik talas beneng itu sendiri.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa proses pemasaran produk keripik talas beneng belum maksimal di Kabupaten Pandeglang.Dengan demikian perlu adanya penerapan bauran pemasaran yaitu : Produk,Harga,Promosi dan Tempat,diharapakan dengan penerpan bauran pemasaran tersebut bisa meningkatkan penjulalan produk keripik talas beneng yang merupakan makanan khas Kabupaten Pandeglang.
Development of Artificial Intelligence Education Program Based on Core Concept of Artificial Intelligence in Middle School
Authors:   Korean Technology Education Association, Lee Gyu-hwa 
Published: April 2021

Artificial intelligence education is becoming more important as AI technologies such as AIoT, AIX, etc. are developed. However, there is a lack of research on what to learn as a core concept in artificial intelligence education. Therefore, The purpose of this study is to improve middle school students understanding of artificial intelligence by developing artificial intelligence education programs based on artificial intelligence core concepts. This study was conducted in five phases: analysis, design, development, execution, and evaluation.
The results obtained from this study are as follows.
First, the results of selecting the core concepts of artificial intelligence were recognition, abstraction, learning, prediction. The results of artificial intelligence expert tests was a total average of 4.0 points for the Likert 5-point scale. The subconcepts of the core concepts were data collection, pattern, data preprocessing, model, error, accuracy, deep learning, regression, and classification. the result of expert tests was a total average of 4.2 points.
Second, we construct an eighth-order education program for applying it to middle schools, focusing on the core concept of artificial intelligence.
Third, we applied an artificial intelligence education program and checked the student evaluation results for understanding the core concepts of artificial intelligence, and found significant results with a total average of 3.88 points.
Fourth, the education program that best reflects the core concept of artificial intelligence was predicting test scores with study time. This education program was the average value of 3.96 points which has the highest reflection of the core concepts of abstraction, learning, and prediction.
NAMIK KEMAL’İN MEKTUPLARINDAN YANSIYAN KIBRIS YAŞAMI
Authors: AYDOĞAN Bedri 
Published: April 2021

Tanzimatla birlikte Batıya açılan Türk edebiyatının önemli sanatçılarından olan Namık Kemal, Vatan yahut Silistre oyununun sahnelenmesinden sonra halkın çoşkuya kapılması ve gösterilerde bulunması sonucu kalebent olarak Kıbrıs’a sürülmüş ve orada 38 ay kalmıştır. Namık Kemal, edebi eserlerinin çoğunu bu sürgünlük sırasında yazmış ve yayımlamıştır.
Namık Kemal’in sürgünlük yaşamı en geniş biçimde Magosa mektuplarına yansımıştır. Gündelik yaşamı, yakınmaları, çektiği sıkıntılar, Kıbrıs yöneticileri ile olan ilişkileri, Kıbrıslı sanat çevreleriyle görüşmeleri, diğer edebiyatçılarla kurduğu her türlü iletişim, ülkesi ve kendisiyle ilgili siyasal gelişmeler, özel yaşamı, ailesi ile ilişkileri ve bunun dışında daha pek çok konu mektuplara yansımış, Namık Kemal’le ilgili merak edilen hususlar mektuplarda yer almıştır.
Bu yazıda Namık Kemal’in Kıbrıs’taki yaşamı ve yukarıda saydığımız konular, başta Fevziye Abdullah Tansel’in hazırladığı Namık Kemal’in Mektupları’na ve diğer kaynaklara dayanılarak değerlendirilecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Namık Kemal, Kıbrıs, Sürgün, Mektup