bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Lean Subjects: Associations With Metabolic Dysregulation and Cardiovascular Risk—A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Semmler Georg , Wernly Sarah , Bachmayer Sebastian , Wernly Bernhard , Schwenoha Lena , Huber-Schönauer Ursula , Stickel Felix , Niederseer David , Aigner Elmar , Datz Christian 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Although a milder metabolic phenotype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in lean patients (body mass index [BMI] <25 kg/m2) compared to overweight/obese patients with NAFLD is assumed, the relevance of NAFLD among lean subjects remains a matter of debate. We aimed to characterize the metabolic/cardiovascular phenotype of lean patients with NAFLD.

METHODS:
In total, 3,043 subjects (cohort I) and 1,048 subjects (cohort II) undergoing screening colonoscopy between 2010 and 2020 without chronic liver disease other than NAFLD were assigned to one of the following groups: lean patients without NAFLD, lean NAFLD, overweight NAFLD (BMI 25–30 kg/m2), and obese NAFLD (BMI >30 kg/m2). Diagnosis of NAFLD was established using ultrasound (cohort I) and controlled attenuation parameter (cohort II).

RESULTS:
The prevalence of lean patients with NAFLD was 6.7%/16.1% in the overall cohort I/II and 19.7%/40.0% in lean subjects of cohort I/II. Compared with lean subjects without NAFLD, lean patients with NAFLD had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, dysglycemia, and the metabolic syndrome, together with a higher median Framingham risk score in both cohorts (all P < 0.001). On multivariable analyses, NAFLD in lean subjects was associated with higher odds of metabolic syndrome (adjusted odds ratio cohort I: 4.27 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.80–6.51], P < 0.001; cohort II: 2.97 [95% CI: 1.40–6.33], P < 0.001), and higher Framingham risk score (regression coefficient B cohort I: 1.93 [95% CI: 0.95–2.92], P < 0.003; cohort II: 1.09 [95% CI: 0.81–2.10], P = 0.034), among others. Only 69.8% of lean patients with NALFD in cohort I and 52.1% in cohort II fulfilled the novel criteria for metabolic associated fatty liver disease.

DISCUSSION:
NAFLD in lean patients is associated with the metabolic syndrome and increased cardiovascular risk. Novel metabolic associated fatty liver disease criteria leave a considerable proportion of patients unclassified.
Use of Chelex-100 for the molecular diagnosis of five animal pathogens
Authors: TOMAZIC Mariela Luján , HAMER Micaela , BUSTOS Carla Paola , ARREGUI Matías , ASCENCIO Mariano , SARAULLO Vanina , WATANABE Olivia , BRIHUEGA Bibiana , RODRIGUEZ Anabel Elisa , GRUNE-LOFFLER Sylvia 
Published: April 2021

The goal of this work was to evaluate the nutritional quality in 3 cultivars of alfalfa, belonging to different winter dormancy (GRI), subjected to two cutting frequencies during one year of cultivation, based on the abundant information existing in studies carried out in productivity, coverage and persistence, not so in the determination of quality of forage subjected to different frequencies of cuts and contrasting GRI. Three cultivars (GR6-Verzy), (GR9-Mecha) and (GR10-Ruano) were tested. The experimental design was a complete split plot with four repetitions. Two treatments defined by the cutting intervals were established: T1: 25 days and T2: 35 days. These were specified for spring, summer and fall seasons. For winter the interval was 45 and 55 days in T1 and T2, respectively. The evaluated variables were: percentage of dry matter (% DM), percentage of crude protein (% PB), percentage of neutral detergent fiber (% FDN) and percentage of acid detergent fiber (% FDA). Significant differences were found for all the nutritional variables studied, for both treatment with p <0.05 with InfoStat program. Interaction between cultivars and treatment was observed for % PB. The 35 days cutoff frequency of yielded the lowest percentages of PB and the highest percentages of FDN and FDA. Hence the forage resulting from this frequency is of a lower quality, leading to decreased digestibility and lower performance of pasture for livestock.
Effects of STEM applications on the scientific process skills and performance of secondary school students
Authors: Köngül Özge , Yıldırım Mehtap 
Published: April 2021

In this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of STEM applications on the scientific process skills and process performance of 6th grade secondary school students. Convergent parallel design, one of the mixed research designs, was used in the study. The sample of the study consists of 35 6th grade students studying at a public school in the district of Küçükçekmece, Istanbul in the 2018-2019 academic year. Three STEM lesson plans developed by the researchers were implemented for six weeks. Scientific Process Skills Test was used as a data collection tool in the quantitative part of the research. In the qualitative part, activity papers were used. While the data obtained in the scientific process skills test were analyzed using a statistics program, the activity papers were analyzed with descriptive analysis. As a result of the study, it was seen that science teaching supported by STEM applications positively affected the scientific process skills and improved the process performance of the students positively.

Özet

Bu araştırmada, STEM uygulamalarının ortaokul altıncı sınıf öğrencilerinin bilimsel süreç becerilerine ve STEM performanslarına olan etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada karma araştırma desenlerinden iç içe karma desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında İstanbul Küçükçekmece ilçesinde bir devlet okulunda okuyan 35 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen üç STEM ders planı ve bir ön etkinlik planı olmak üzere dört uygulama yapılmıştır. Çalışma grubu öğrencilerine STEM uygulamaları ile desteklenmiş fen öğretimi 5E modeli kapsamında verilmiştir. Etkinlikler sınıf ortamında ve sınıf dışı alanda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğrencilere "Bilimsel Süreç Becerileri Testi" ön ve son test olarak uygulanmıştır. Öğrencilerin öğrenme sürecindeki STEM performanslarını öğrenebilme amacıyla "Etkinlik Kâğıdı" uygulama sürecinde öğrencilere uygulanmıştır. Araştırma toplam altı hafta sürmüştür. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmanın nicel kısmında Bilimsel Süreç Becerileri Testi kullanılmış ve veriler bir istatistik programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın nitel kısmında ise uygulama ile ilgili etkinlik kâğıtları kullanılmış ve betimsel analiz ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda STEM uygulamaları ile desteklenmiş fen öğretiminin öğrencilerin bilimsel süreç becerilerinde anlamlı farklılık yarattığı ve STEM performanslarını olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmüştür.
Synthesis and transformation in the series of 2-((5-(2,4- and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetic acids
Authors: Dovbnia D. V. , Kaplaushenko A. H. , Frolova Yu. S. 
Published: April 2021

The aim of the work is to develop preparative methods for the synthesis of 2-((5-(2,4- and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetic acids, to study the esterification reaction in this regard, to study physical and chemical properties of the obtained substances, and to predict their toxicity.
Materials and methods. Compounds were synthesized using reagents and solvents qualified as “ch.p.”. The IUPAC nomenclature as supplemented was used during the preparation. The melting temperature was determined with the capillary method according to HFC (2.2.14) on the device PTP (M). Elemental analysis was determined with the ELEMENTAR vario EL cube analyzer (manufactured in Germany) (standard – sulfonamide). IR spectra were recorded using spectrophotometer Specord M-80 (manufactured in Germany) within the range of 4000–500 cm-1 (scanning was performed under the following conditions: slot program 3.0, time constant – τ = 3 s, scanning time 34 min, samples were analyzed in the form of tablets with potassium bromide). 1H NMR spectra were recorded using Varian VXR-300 spectrophotometer (manufactured in the USA), dimethyl sulfoxide-D6 solvent, and tetramethylsilane was used as an internal standard. The spectra were decoded using the computer program ADVASP 1.43. Thin layer chromatography was performed using Sorbfil plates (analytical, size 10 × 15 cm, base: polymer substrate, sorbent: silica gel STX-1A, grain: 5–17 μm, layer thickness: 110 m combination – silicazole).
Results. The synthesis of new 2-((5-(2,4- and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetic acids was carried out. These products became a basis for synthesis of a number of relevant esters. Physical and chemical properties were investigated for the synthesized compounds. The structure of the obtained substances was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR-spectroscopy, 1H NMR-spectrometry, and their individuality were established by thin-layer chromatography. Computer GUSAR-online prediction of acute toxicity of 2-((5-(2,4- and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetic acids and their esters was performed.
Conclusions. Preparative methods for the synthesis of 2-((5-(2,4- and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetic acids have been developed, for which esterification reactions have been studied. Thus, physical and chemical properties of the received substances were investigated, and indicators of their toxicity were predicted.
Synthesis and physical-chemical properties of (3-benzyl-8-propylxanthin-7-yl)acetohydrazide derivatives and their evaluation for antimicrobial and diuretic activities
Authors: Aleksandrova K. V. , Mykhalchenko Ye. K. , Shkoda O. S. , Vasyliev D. A. 
Published: April 2021

One of the most important tasks of our indigenous pharmaceutical science is the necessity for new medicines because existing drugs are characterized by various side effects, resistance, high toxicity, and so on. New bioactive molecule synthesis utilizes substances of natural origin as well as chemically modified ones. Thus, the researcher’s attention is mainly focused on 3-,7-,8-substituted derivatives of the natural heterocyclic xanthine system, which possess a wide range of pharmacological action. Synthesis of a novel of (3-benzyl-8-propylxanthin-7-yl)acetohydrazides with antimicrobial and diuretic activities described in the paper.
The aim of this work is to develop efficient methods for synthesis of (3-benzyl-8-propylxanthin-7-yl)acetohydrazide derivatives, and to study their physical-chemical properties.
Materials and methods. Two-hour boiling of propyl 2-(3-benzyl-8-propylxanthine-7-yl)acetate by excess hydrazine hydrate in propan-2-ol medium have yielded the key the key intermediate 2-(3-benzyl-8-propylxanthine-7-yl)acetohydrazide. Further transformation of the latter has led to formation of corresponding acetohydrazide derivatives achieved by the reaction with aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic aldehydes, and ketones. The structure and the relative configuration of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by analyzing their physical-chemical data.
Results. The synthesis and optimization of reaction conditions of (3-benzyl-8-propylxanthin-7-yl)acetohydrazide derivatives were conducted. The identification of all synthesized compounds was aided by various physical-chemical methods (thin layer chromatography, elemental analysis, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy).
Conclusions. As a result of synthetic research the preparative synthesis method of (3-benzyl-8-propylxanthin-7-yl)acetohydrazide derivatives possessing antimicrobic, and diuretic activities was developed.
Identification of anise (Anisum vulgare Gaertn.) herbs by morphological and anatomical characteristics
Authors: Kolisnyk S. V. , Gontova T. M. , Umarov U. A. , Hordiei K. R. 
Published: April 2021

The fruits of anise contain different classes of biologically active compounds, due to which they have antidepressant, antiperoxidant, antidiabetic effect; extracts of this plant have an antibacterial effect. Professional literature lacks information on the chemical composition of anise herbs and prospects for their use in medicine.
The aim of the work is to study of the morphological and anatomical structure of the aboveground organs of anise and to establish of macro- and microscopic diagnostic characters necessary for the identification of the plant raw materials.
Materials and methods. Anise herbs consisting of stems, leaves flowers, and unripe fruits were used for the study. Fresh and dried raw materials were macroscopically analyzed with the naked eye and using a magnifying glass (×10). Studies of transverse and longitudinal sections, epidermis and surface preparations were performed using conventional techniques: with microscopes MBS 9, MS 10 (glasses ×5, ×10, ×15, lenses ×10, ×40), Micromed XS-4130 (eyepiece WF15X, lenses ×40/0.65, ×10/0.25) with a photomicrographic attachment. The micrographs were taken with Samsung PL50 camera.
Results. As a result of the macro- and microscopic analysis, diagnostic properties of anise herbs were established.
Conclusions. It is for the first time that macro- and microscopic characteristics of anise herbs were studied, which confirms the identity of raw materials. The obtained results will be used for the development of domestic normative documentation on anise herbs raw materials.
Scientific substantiation of the concentration of excipients for the manufacture of eye drops Angiolin
Authors: Kucherenko L. I. , Mazur I. A. , Akopian R. R. , Portna O. O. , Tkachenko H. I. 
Published: April 2021

Throughout human history, cataracts have been one of the leading causes of blindness. For this disease, we studied the market of drugs of domestic and foreign production.
The object of our study was the subgroup S10X Other ophthalmic drugs. Employees of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU) together with specialists of the NGO “Pharmatron” was synthesized a new compound, which was named Angiolin. A rational dosage form in the form of eye drops was proposed for the new drug. Since the drops continue to be the most common and widely used in practice dosage form.
We have previously selected the optimal content of the active substance in eye drops. As is known from the technological parameters, eye drops must be isotonic, ie in their composition should be added excipients.
The aim of our work is to select the concentration of excipients for the manufacture of eye drops Angiolin.
Materials and methods. During the work at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of ZSMU, three solutions of eye drops Angiolin with different composition were prepared, and later the theoretical osmolarity was calculated.
Results. Accurate theoretical calculation of the osmolarity of solutions containing substances with high molecular weight, complex total extracts, and highly concentrated solutions is impossible. Since the excipient was used methylcellulose, it was better to perform such a calculation experimentally, through the determination of osmolality. On the basis of the conducted researches, for correction of osmolarity, we were chosen – sodium chloride. Sodium chloride was selected at a concentration of 7.0 g/l, which creates an osmolality of the drug equal to 234.3 mosmol/kg. The estimated value at the same concentration of sodium chloride was 239.56 mosmol/l. The value of osmolarity of eye drops was calculated from it makes 302,18 mosmol/l that was confirmed the correctness of the chosen concentration of sodium chloride as a part of eye drops.
Conclusions. Based on the above, we selected the concentration of excipients for the manufacture of eye drops Angiolin.
Research of marketing and pharmacoeconomic aspects of the domestic market of preparations used for biorevitalization
Authors: Tkachenko N. O. , Chervonenko N. M. , Demchenko V. O. , Lytvynenko O. V. 
Published: April 2021

The aim of the work is to study the Ukrainian market for biorevitalization products with the subsequent formation of an information array, which can be used to improve the system for supplying target consumers and for correct strategic marketing decision-making.
Materials and methods. Data obtained from 2020 edition of the State Register of 3rd Class Medical Devices (Injection Implants for Soft Tissues), as well as from the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine, the information retrieval system Compendium Online, the database “Regulatory and Directive Documents of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, publications in scientific and practical journals connected to the research topic, were used as the main material for the study. The following research methods were employed: content analysis, comparative, analytical, graphic, and marketing research methods.
Results. Biorevitalization affects the internal course of metabolic processes in the deep layers of the dermis, thereby accelerating the production of collagen and elastin at the expense of the body resources.
Based on the analysis of information sources about the means used in the biorevitalization procedure, two assortment groups were formed: medical devices and cosmetics. An intragroup analysis of the assortment and corporate structure of the studied market segments was carried out, and the availability of the procedure based on various drugs was studied.
Conclusions. The pharmacotherapeutic basis of biorevitalization was studied for all spectra of aesthetic problems, which are solved using this procedure under consideration.
The established list of preparations for biorevitalization made it possible to divide them into two assortment groups. The most numerous (101 preparations – 96.20 %) is cosmetics group, including one-component (35.25 %) and combined (60.95 %) preparations. The second group embraces medical devices; it consists of 4 preparations (3.80 %).
The analysis of brand structure of the studied market segment showed that the leading manufacturers here are Russian companies (21.9 % of the total amount of all preparations is imported from this country). Domestic manufacturers are represented by only one company, Yuria-Pharm, which produces, respectively, 1 drug in three different concentrations.
Based on the study of the average cost of the procedure in beauty salons of Zaporizhzhia and the coefficient of accessibility of the procedure based on the varieties of drugs for biorevitalization, it was found that the procedure using Juviderm Volift, RRS® HA SKIN RELAX WITH BoNtA 568® and JUVEDERM® VOLIFT RETOUCH is more affordable for consumers; the least availability is characteristic of the procedure with RRS® HYALIFT® 35.
Physical therapy of spasticity for correction of spatiotemporal impairments of gait in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Byoung Yul Yun , Nekhanevych О. B. 
Published: April 2021

The aim of the work is to increase the effectiveness of physical therapy of motor impairments in children with spastic form of cerebral palsy by applying a program of therapeutic training on the device developed for rehabilitation of people with musculoskeletal disorders.
Materials and methods. 30 children aged 6 to 11 years with cerebral palsy-associated spastic diplegia were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. In addition to the standard rehabilitation program, all patients were prescribed therapeutic gait training using a device for rehabilitation of people with musculoskeletal disorders: group I (n = 14) – according to the dynamic method; group II (n = 16) – by static method.
The spatiotemporal characteristics of gait, activity daily indicators, the level of spasticity of lower extremity muscles, functional characteristics of gait, and the methods of mathematical statistics were studied.
Results. The implementation of the elaborated program of therapeutic exercises using a device for rehabilitation of people with musculoskeletal disorders had a positive effect on the level of muscle spasticity of the lower extremity, stride length, walking speed, general endurance. It also improved balance and reduced the risk of falling in children with cerebral palsy.
Conclusions. The application of the elaborated therapeutic program had a positive effect on the spatiotemporal characteristics of walking, balance and functional condition of children with cerebral palsy, as well as reduced the level of spasticity. The increase in the stride length occurs during the first 4 weeks of training, and functional condition indicators showed the greatest dynamics only after 6 weeks of training. The elaboration of the rehabilitation device with the ability to move and apply the technique of exercising with partially unstable pelvic support by the abductor-lift moving along the vertical axis, positively affected the balance and reduced the risk of falling.
Estimation of Damage Evolution within an In Situ Rock Mass Using the Acoustic Emissions Technique under Incremental Cyclic Loading
Authors: Kim Jin-Seop , Lee Changsoo , Kim Geon-Young 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The acoustic emissions (AE) technique has been regarded as a promising method for real-time structural health monitoring of a waste repository and is widely used to evaluate the damage mechanism. However, relatively little effort has been made to use AE monitoring to evaluate the quantitative damage assessment of a rock mass. The objective of this study was to identify the progressive damage evolution of an in situ rock mass based on AE monitoring under a dynamic loading condition, which could serve as primary information for quantifying rock-mass damage. The shape of the damage evolution curve in granite was first determined from a uniaxial compression test with incremental cyclic loading. Based on the results of a laboratory test, the in situ damage evolution curve of a rock mass was subsequently estimated from in situ tests using a Goodman jack and simultaneous AE monitoring in the Underground Research Tunnel of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. With regard to in situ estimation of damage evolution, numerical simulation was also applied to infer the localized strength of a rock mass, in which elastic constants were measured using in situ tests and applied as the basic input parameters. The method suggested in this study could contribute to quantification of rock mass damage from AE observations.