bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Neonatal Mortality among Babies Born with Spina Bifida in Finland (2000–2014)
Authors: Kancherla Vijaya , Mowla Sanjida , Räisänen Sari , Gissler Mika 
Published: August 2021

Objective We examined early neonatal mortality risk, temporal trends, and selected infant and maternal factors associated with early neonatal mortality among all spina bifida-affected live births in Finland.
Study Design We linked multiregistry population-based data from the national registers in Finland for infants born with spina bifida from 2000 to 2014. Early neonatal mortality was defined as death in 0 to 6 days after birth. Early neonatal mortality risk and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated by using the Poisson approximation of binomial distribution. Poisson regression was used to examine temporal trend in early neonatal mortality from 2000 to 2014 for spina bifida cases and all births in Finland. Selected infant and maternal characteristics were compared between cases that experienced early neonatal mortality and cases that did not. Exact logistic regression was used to estimate unadjusted odds ratios (uORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results A total of 181 babies were born alive with spina bifida in Finland during the study period; 61% had isolated spina bifida. Pooling all study years, 7.2% (95% CI: 4.2–12.4%) of all live-born cases experienced early neonatal death. There was a significant increase in early neonatal mortality among spina bifida births over the study period (p < 0.0001). Low gestational age (<37 weeks; uOR = 6.96; 95% CI: 1.86–29.01), cases occurring as a part of a syndrome (uOR = 125.67; 95% CI: 14.90 to >999.999), and advanced maternal age at gestation (≥35 years; uOR = 5.33; 95% CI: 1.21–21.87) were positively associated with early neonatal mortality.
Conclusion Using national data from Finland, we found high early neonatal mortality with increasing trend over birth period spanning 15 years (2000–2014), and unadjusted positive associations with some infant and maternal factors. Future studies should pool data from Nordic countries to increase study size allowing multivariable analysis.
Key Points
A refined measure of conditional maximum drawdown
Authors: Rossello Damiano , Lo Cascio Silvestro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRisks associated to maximum drawdown have been recently formalized as the tail mean of the maximum drawdown distribution, called Conditional Expected Drawdown (CED). In fact, the special case of average maximum drawdown is widely used in the fund management industry also in association to performance management. It lacks relevant information on worst case scenarios over a fixed horizon. Formulating a refined version of CED, we are able to add this piece of information to the risk measurement of drawdown, and then get a risk measure for processes that preserves all the good properties of CED but following more prudential regulatory and management assessments, also in term of marginal risk contribution attributed to factors. As a special application, we consider the conditioning information given by the all time minimum of cumulative returns.
X-ray multi-probe data acquisition: A novel technique for laser pump x-ray transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Kinigstein Eli D. , Jennings Guy , Kurtz Charles A. , March Anne Marie , Zuo Xiaobing , Chen Lin X. , Attenkofer Klaus , Zhang Xiaoyi 
Published: August 2021

We report the development and implementation of a novel data acquisition (DAQ) technique for synchrotron-based laser pump X-ray Transient Absorption (XTA) spectroscopy, called X-ray Multi-Probe DAQ (XMP DAQ). This technique utilizes high performance analog to digital converters and home-built software to efficiently measure and process the XTA signal from all x-ray pulses between laser excitations. XMP DAQ generates a set of time resolved x-ray absorption spectra at thousands of different pump–probe time delays simultaneously. Two distinct XMP DAQ schemes are deployed to accommodate different synchrotron storage ring filling patterns. Current Integration (CI) DAQ is a quasi-analog technique that implements a fitting procedure to extract the time resolved absorption intensity from the averaged fluorescence detector response. The fitting procedure eliminates issues associated with small drifts in the voltage baseline and greatly enhances the accuracy of the technique. Photon Counting (PC) DAQ is a binary technique that uses a time resolved histogram to calculate the XTA spectrum. While PC DAQ is suited to measure XTA data with closely spaced x-ray pulses (∼10 ns) and a low count rate (&lt;1 detected photon/pulse), CI DAQ works best for widely spaced pulses (tens of ns or greater) with a high count rate (&gt;1 detected photon/pulse). XMP DAQ produces a two-dimensional XTA dataset, enabling efficient quantitative analysis of photophysical and photochemical processes from the sub-nanosecond timescale to 100 μs and longer.
Effect of transverse displacement of charged particle beams on quantum electrodynamic processes during their collision
Authors: Filipovic M. , Baumann C. , Pukhov A.M. , Samsonov A.S. , Kostyukov I.Yu. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Collisions of ultrarelativistic electron beams are considered using full-scale 3D particle-in-cell simulation. In this process, the particles can be affected by the superintense fields of the counterpropagating beam, and the interaction can pass to the regime of nonperturbative quantum electrodynamics. In this experimentally unexplored regime, the emission of photons and the production of electron – positron pairs are extremely probable processes. It is shown that due to the transverse displacement of the beams and an increase in the number of particles located in the region of the field maximum, it is possible to increase the yield of both photons and electron – positron pairs.
Laser-plasma acceleration of polarised electrons up to energies of several TeV
Authors: Pugacheva D.V. , Andreev N.E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The process of multistage acceleration of polarised electrons in the wakefield of a relativistic femtosecond laser pulse is investigated. The main mechanism of the growth of slice emittance for a moderately nonlinear regime of laser-plasma acceleration is demonstrated. The main conditions for setting the initial parameters of the electron bunch are determined, which allow minimising the mixing of the phases of betatron oscillations of particles in the bunch slice and the emittance growth during acceleration. The method of smooth input of an electron bunch into the accelerating stage and its smooth removal from this stage is studied, which allows the main characteristics of the bunch to be preserved, such as emittance and polarisation, for further particle transportation and acceleration. The effect of the radiation friction force and the radiation polarisation mechanism on the process of particle depolarisation in acceleration to energies of ∼4 TeV in model fields characteristic of moderately nonlinear and strongly nonlinear regimes of laser-plasma acceleration is considered.
Generation of electron – positron pairs by laser-ion implosion of a target with a spherical microbubble inside
Authors: Serebryakov D.A. , Kostyukov I.Yu. , Murakami M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLaser targets with microbubbless have recently been intensely studied, including with the aim of generating superintense electromagnetic fields. Under the action of laser radiation, ion beams are formed in the target, converging to the centre of the microbubbles. In the central region, the ion density can be several times higher than the target density, leading to the generation of an extremely intense electric field and high-energy ions. Using PIC simulation, the dynamics of target electrons is investigated taking into account the effects of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and the development of a QED cascade in the intense field region. It is shown that an increase in the electron temperature leads to a much more efficient formation of electron – positron pairs. The contribution of bremsstrahlung to the generation of photons in the central region of the microbubbles is analysed. It is found that the contribution of bremsstrahlung is insignificant in comparison with the synchrotron mechanism of electron emission in the collective field of ions.
Specific features of radiation emitted upon tunnel ionisation of atoms in extremely intense laser fields
Authors: Popruzhenko S.V. , Kalymbetov E.B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRadiation emitted by fast electrons in the process of multiple tunnel ionisation of heavy atoms in the focus of a laser pulse with extreme intensity exceeding 1022W cm−2is studied. It is shown that the spectral-angular distribution of emitted photons in a wide range of angles is qualitatively determined by relations of the synchrotron radiation theory. The dependences of the number and the characteristic frequency of emitted photons on the laser pulse parameters are estimated. The obtained results can be used to determine the maximum laser intensity in the focus.
Generation of IR radiation in the interaction of an ultrashort laser pulse with a gas jet
Authors: Golovanov A.A. , Kostyukov I.Yu. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe consider the generation of IR radiation during the interaction of a high-power ultrashort laser pulse with a gas jet using numerical simulation by the particle-in-cell method. The laser pulse parameters correspond to the capabilities of the PEARL sub-petawatt laser facility in Nizhny Novgorod (Russia) when using the compression after compressor approach (CafCA). It is demonstrated that about 1 % of the energy can be converted into radiation in the wavelength range of 5 – 10 μm.
Design of the front-end system for a subexawatt laser of the XCELS facility
Authors: Mukhin I.B. , Soloviev A.A. , Perevezentsev E.A. , Shaykin A.A. , Ginzburg V.N. , Kuzmin I.V. , Mart’yanov M.A. , Shaikin I.A. , Kuzmin A.A. , Mironov S.Yu. , Yakovlev I.V. , Khazanov E.A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA concept of the front-end system of the XCELS (eXawatt Center for Extreme Light Studies) facility is presented. Its design is aimed at achieving high stability of laser radiation parameters and possibility of their control in a wide range. Optically synchronised chirped signal (wavelength 910 nm, bandwidth more than 100 nm, and duration ∼3 ns) and pump (wavelength 1054 nm, bandwidth ∼1 nm, and duration ∼4 ns) pulses for XCELS parametric amplifiers will be implemented at the output of the front-end system. Chirped femtosecond pulses with energies above 100 mJ [no more than 15 fs long after compression, with carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilisation] will have a repetition rate up to 100 Hz, which will allow one to implement active energy stabilisation and to minimise the angular jitter of the emitted beam at the XCELS output. The application of picosecond pumping in the parametric amplifier of the front-end system should provide a high contrast of femtosecond pulses. The pump pulse will be linearly frequency-modulated; this approach will not affect the parametric amplification efficiency but make it possible to use spectral methods to control the pump pulse shape in order to form a pulse of specified shape at the output of power amplifiers, even under conditions of their strong saturation.
Strong within-host selection in a maternally inherited obligate symbiont:
Buchnera
and aphids
Authors: Perreau Julie , Zhang Bo , Maeda Gerald P. , Kirkpatrick Mark , Moran Nancy A. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Many animals depend on maternally transmitted symbiotic bacteria that provide nutrients or other benefits. The evolution of these symbionts is complicated: natural selection can act on hosts, favoring symbionts that increase host reproduction, or on symbionts, favoring symbionts that spread within hosts. Furthermore, transmission bottlenecks can facilitate the spread of mutations deleterious to both. By measuring changes in frequencies of symbiont genotypes within individual insect matrilines, we estimated within-host selection and transmission bottleneck size. Results revealed surprisingly strong selection, with some symbiont genotypes more successful in colonizing progeny, as well as a severe transmission bottleneck, consistent with observations of deleterious mutation accumulation in symbiont genomes. Findings elucidate the forces driving evolution of heritable symbionts and generating their distinctive genomic features.
Robust high-temperature potassium-ion batteries enabled by carboxyl functional group energy storage
Authors: Lu Xianlu , Pan Xuenan , Zhang Dongdong , Fang Zhi , Xu Shang , Ma Yu , Liu Qiao , Shao Gang , Fu Dingfa , Teng Jie , Yang Weiyou 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Distinctively different from the popularly reported works, an energy storage mechanism is proposed for exploring robust high-temperature potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) with high cycle stability. This is based on an example of p-phthalic acid with two carboxyl functional groups as the redox centers. The cycle stabilities achieved under both low and high current densities are the best among those of high-temperature PIBs reported previously.
Stories behind post-verbal negation clustering
Authors: Mithun Marianne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPost-verbal markers of negation were once thought to be rare cross-linguistically, but as more has been learned about more languages, it has become clear that such markers occur in a number of parts of the world. Moreover, they often appear in areal clusters, suggesting that language contact may play a role in their development. Such a cluster can be seen in a well-known linguistic area of North America, Indigenous Northern California. Languages in the area show parallel negative constructions, but without shared substance. Here it is shown how such parallelisms may have come about.
Language of the unheard: police-recorded protests in South Africa, 1997–2013
Authors: Bekker Martin 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
South Africa remains beset by protest. Notwithstanding an impressive literature, quantifying protests remains problematic; most attempts extrapolate from samples or media-derived data sets. Applying machine learning to the world’s largest publicly available, single-country public-event database – the South African Police Service’s Incident Registration Information System – the article classifies 150,000 events into type and levels of ‘tumult’. The author provides the first holistic picture of all police-reported protest in South Africa over a given period (1997–2013), showing a count increase (partly confirming the ‘rebellion of the poor’ thesis), while more nuanced measures (i.e. protestors per capita) demonstrate a less urban and tumultuous phenomenon than previously theorised.
Electromagnetically induced transparency in a V-system with 87Rb vapour in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime
Authors: Higgins Clare R , Hughes Ifan G 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We observe electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a V-system in a thermal rubidium-87 vapour in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime, realised with a 0.6 T axial magnetic field. In this regime energy levels are no longer degenerate and EIT features from different initial states are distinct, which we show produces a much cleaner feature than without a magnetic field. We compare our results to a model using the time-dependent Lindblad master equation, and having averaged over a distribution of interaction times, see good qualitative agreement for a range of pump Rabi frequencies. Excited state decay into both ground states is shown to play a prominent role in the generation of the transparency feature, which arises mainly due to transfer of population into the ground state not coupled by the probe beam. We use the model to investigate the importance of coherence in this feature, showing that its contribution is more significant at smaller pump Rabi frequencies.
Elastic and inelastic particles scattering by dust acoustic soliton. A new oscillatory process in dusty plasma
Authors: Trukhachev F M , Gerasimenko N V , Vasiliev M M , Petrov O F 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The parameters of scattering (reflection) of charged particles by the leading edge of a dust acoustic soliton are analyzed. The soliton profile is calculated using the Sagdeev pseudopotential approach. To analyze the motion of charged particles, the Newton’s second law is used. It is shown theoretically that the charged particle scattering can be elastic and inelastic. The nature of scattering significantly depends on the presence of dissipation. In the dissipative case, charged particles scattering is the process of an oscillatory nature. It is shown that it can be considered as a new type of oscillations of charged particles in plasma. The parameters of the oscillations are calculated both numerically (nonlinear case) and analytically (within the linear approximation). Theoretical results are compared with known experimental results, as well as the applied aspect is stated.
Pathway-specific cortico-muscular coherence in proximal-to-distal compensation during fine motor control of finger extension after stroke
Authors: Zhou Sa , Guo Ziqi , Wong Kiufung , Zhu Hanlin , Huang Yanhuan , Hu Xiaoling , Zheng Yong-Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective.Proximal-to-distal compensation is commonly observed in the upper extremity (UE) after a stroke, mainly due to the impaired fine motor control in hand joints. However, little is known about its related neural reorganization. This study investigated the pathway-specific corticomuscular interaction in proximal-to-distal UE compensation during fine motor control of finger extension post-stroke by directed corticomuscular coherence (dCMC).Approach.We recruited 14 chronic stroke participants and 11 unimpaired controls. Electroencephalogram (EEG) from the sensorimotor area was concurrently recorded with electromyography (EMG) from extensor digitorum (ED), flexor digitorum (FD), triceps brachii (TRI) and biceps brachii (BIC) muscles in both sides of the stroke participants and in the dominant (right) side of the controls during the unilateral isometric finger extension at 20% maximal voluntary contractions. The dCMC was analyzed in descending (EEG → EMG) and ascending pathways (EMG → EEG) via the directed coherence. It was also analyzed in stable (segments with higher EMG stability) and less-stable periods (segments with lower EMG stability) subdivided from the whole movement period to investigate the fine motor control. Finally, the corticomuscular conduction time was estimated by dCMC phase delay.Main results.The affected limb had significantly lower descending dCMC in distal UE (ED and FD) than BIC (P< 0.05). It showed the descending dominance (significantly higher descending dCMC than the ascending,P< 0.05) in proximal UE (BIC and TRI) rather than the distal UE as in the controls. In the less-stable period, the affected limb had significantly lower EMG stability but higher ascending dCMC (P< 0.05) in distal UE than the controls. Furthermore, significantly prolonged descending conduction time (∼38.8 ms) was found in ED in the affected limb than the unaffected (∼26.94 ms) and control limbs (∼25.74 ms) (P< 0.05).Significance.The proximal-to-distal UE compensation in fine motor control post-stroke exhibited altered descending dominance from the distal to proximal UE, increased ascending feedbacks from the distal UE for fine motor control, and prolonged descending conduction time in the agonist muscle.
Wavelet Tree ensembles with Machine Learning and its classification
Authors: Katiyar Neha , Gupta Sonam , Yadav Arun Kumar , Yadav Divakar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Wavelet trees are compact data structures in computational geometry. In the past, it was used as an essential tool for handling the size of data, data compression, indexing and for many more applications. Machine learning algorithms are used for classification of data and its analysis. In this article, we discuss the scope of machine learning with wavelet trees, wavelet entropy, wavelet matrix and wavelet packets. The study concludes that machine learning applications with wavelet tree is a better choice in terms storage and classification of data. The proposed methodology consists of three techniques for making the data more efficient. It consists of LZW Compression techniques, Wavelet tree, and machine learning algorithm SVM. In this methodology compression with classification process is done for datasets. This proposed methodology performs with machine learningalgorithms in terms of classification of data. In future this method can be used for efficient searching and indexing of large data sets. The classified and compressed dataset perform the indexing with wavelet tree takes less searching time.
Energy Efficient NoC design through Supervised Machine Learning
Authors: Shanthi D. , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
3D Network On Chip(NoC) will provide high multi-core data processing with the minimal amount of energy consumption. It is necessary to consider the architectural limits of three-dimensional NoCs. A deep reinforced framework is proposed that uses router-less NoC for evaluation in the case study. The framework uses prior approaches that may be unreliable because of the difficulties with the design and search process, and the inflexibility that results because of space restrictions. The framework has better loop placements for networking chips with various design constraints. A Monte Carlo search tree is used to develop a Deep Neural Network that searches in parallel for a NoC design.
Design and Development of Novel Ensemble Classifier for Visual Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Sai Satyanarayana Reddy S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVisual media is now become one of the pre-eminent methods utilized for conveying feelings or suppositions on the web. A huge number of photographs are being transferred by individuals on popular social network platform for interpersonal communication. Visual sentiment analysis (VSA) has pulled in wide consideration since an ever increasing number of individuals will communicate their feeling and conclusions through visual substance via online media. The domain of visual emotion evaluation is impractical because-of the great degree of discrimination in the human realization measure. In this paper, a novel ensemble classifier for visual sentiment analysis, which will use few labelled training specimens to attain an effective SA model, is proposed. The classified output is provided by the Ensemble classifier. The steps adopted in the proposed Visual sentimental analysis for the effective classification are preprocessing and the classification. The pre-processing is accomplished by the Resnet-101, which will boost the potential of the classifier. The effectiveness of the proposed sentimental analysis method is revealed by the comparative analysis and it is expected that the proposed method outperforms all the comparative methods. Then, broad datasets enable the quick advancement of profound neural organizations for recognition process. However, the explanation of enormous scope datasets is over the top expensive and tedious. The efficacy of the proposed sentimental analysis method will be revealed by the comparative analysis and it is expected that the proposed method will exceed all the comparative methods.