bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High mobility SiMOSFETs fabricated in a full 300 mm CMOS process
Authors: Camenzind T N , Elsayed A , Mohiyaddin F A , Li R , Kubicek S , Jussot J , Van Dorpe P , Govoreanu B , Radu I , Zumbühl D M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The quality of the semiconductor–barrier interface plays a pivotal role in the demonstration of high quality reproducible quantum dots for quantum information processing. In this work, we have measured SiMOSFET Hall bars on undoped Si substrates in order to investigate the device quality. For devices fabricated in a full complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and of very thin oxide below a thickness of 10 nm, we report a record mobility of 17.5 × 103 cm2 V−1 s−1 indicating a high quality interface, suitable for future qubit applications. We also study the influence of gate materials on the mobilities and discuss the underlying mechanisms, giving insight into further material optimization for large scale quantum processors.
A multi-pronged investigation of option generation using depression, PET and modafinil
Authors: Ang Yuen-Siang , Cusin Cristina , Petibon Yoann , Dillon Daniel G , Breiger Micah , Belleau Emily L , Normandin Marc , Schroder Hans , Boyden Sean , Hayden Emma , Levine M Taylor , Jahan Aava , Meyer Ashley K , Kang Min Su , Brunner Devon , Gelda Steven E , Hooker Jacob , El Fakhri Georges , Fava Maurizio , Pizzagalli Diego A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOption generation is a critical process in decision making, but previous studies have largely focused on choices between options given by a researcher. Consequently, how we self-generate options for behaviour remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated option generation in major depressive disorder and how dopamine might modulate this process, as well as the effects of modafinil (a putative cognitive enhancer) on option generation in healthy individuals.We first compared differences in self-generated options between healthy non-depressed adults [n = 44, age = 26.3 years (SD 5.9)] and patients with major depressive disorder [n = 54, age = 24.8 years (SD 7.4)]. In the second study, a subset of depressed individuals [n = 22, age = 25.6 years (SD 7.8)] underwent PET scans with 11C-raclopride to examine the relationships between dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability and individual differences in option generation. Finally, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-way crossover study of modafinil (100 mg and 200 mg), was conducted in an independent sample of healthy people [n = 19, age = 23.2 years (SD 4.8)] to compare option generation under different doses of this drug.The first study revealed that patients with major depressive disorder produced significantly fewer options [t(96) = 2.68, P = 0.009, Cohen’s d = 0.54], albeit with greater uniqueness [t(96) = −2.54, P = 0.01, Cohen’s d = 0.52], on the option generation task compared to healthy controls. In the second study, we found that 11C-raclopride binding potential in the putamen was negatively correlated with fluency (r = −0.69, P = 0.001) but positively associated with uniqueness (r = 0.59, P = 0.007). Hence, depressed individuals with higher densities of unoccupied putamen D2/D3 receptors in the putamen generated fewer but more unique options, whereas patients with lower D2/D3 receptor availability were likely to produce a larger number of similar options. Finally, healthy participants were less unique [F(2,36) = 3.32, P = 0.048, partial η2 = 0.16] and diverse [F(2,36) = 4.31, P = 0.021, partial η2 = 0.19] after taking 200 mg versus 100 mg and 0 mg of modafinil, while fluency increased linearly with dosage at a trend level [F(1,18) = 4.11, P = 0.058, partial η2 = 0.19].Our results show, for the first time, that option generation is affected in clinical depression and that dopaminergic activity in the putamen of patients with major depressive disorder may play a key role in the self-generation of options. Modafinil was also found to influence option generation in healthy people by reducing the creativity of options produced.
MiR-145 modulates the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells by suppression of TMOD3
Authors: Li Hang , Zhao Shuya , Chen Xin , Feng Guoxing , Chen Zhiyuan , Fan Saijun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRadioresistance is a major problem encountered in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression contributes to multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways and profoundly influences effects of radiotherapy (RT) in cancers. MicroRNA-145-5p (miR-145) is recognized as a tumor suppresser in NSCLC. However, the roles of miR-145 during radiotherapy of NSCLC are largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of miR-145 in modulation of radiosensitivity in NSCLC. We generated radioresistant H460 and A549 subclones, named H460R and A549R, respectively, and found that irradiation (IR) could suppress the expression levels of miR-145 in radioresistant NSCLC cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-145 could sensitize radioresistant NSCLC cells to IR, whereas knockdown of miR-145 in NSCLC cells acted the converse manner. Mechanically, miR-145 was able to directly target 3′UTR of tropomodulin 3 (TMOD3) mRNA and decrease the expression of TMOD3 at the levels of mRNA and protein. Additionally, we confirmed that miR-145 could enhance the radiosensitivity of radioresistant NSCLC cells by targeting TMOD3 in vitro and in vivo, and could be used as a target in clinical treatment of NSCLC. Collectively, restoration of miR-145 expression increases the radiosensitivity of radioresistant NSCLC cells by suppression of TMOD3, and miR-145 can act as a new radiosensitizer for NSCLC therapy.
Decolonizing Climate Research and Policy: making space to tell our own stories, in our own ways
Authors: Deranger Eriel Tchekwie , Sinclair Rebecca , Gray Beze , McGregor Deborah , Gobby Jen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs the climate crisis deepens, the discourse aimed at finding solutions continues to intensify. Increasingly, government agencies and world leaders are recognizing the critical importance of including Indigenous knowledge and perspectives in the development of sustainable responses. To date, however, opportunities for meaningful Indigenous engagement in the creation and development of climate solutions remain few and far between. Where such opportunities do exist, they are most often designed with the intention of trying to `incorporate' limited elements of Indigenous thinking into an established non-Indigenous framework. This process of `Indigenizing' mainstream initiatives achieves little if anything in the way of deconstructing the colonial world view that has caused the climate crisis in the first place. Actively decolonizing Canada's and the world's responses to climate change is absolutely necessary if global society is to achieve the `transformation' of our economies and societies deemed essential for our survival by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), among others. No longer can we afford to simply `tweak the system' by slotting into mainstream processes those elements of Indigenous world view that seem to `fit' most comfortably. If we continue to value the colonial system of neoliberalism and runaway capitalism over those proven sustainable paradigms wherein respect for all life is paramount, then no lasting solutions are possible. Instead, we need to `flip the script', and start providing spaces wherein Indigenous thinking and world view provide the fundamental framework, and non-Indigenous ideas that align sufficiently with Indigenous principles may be incorporated as appropriate. This article recounts a panel discussion, hosted by Indigenous Climate Action, in which four influential Indigenous climate researchers, organizers and policy experts share their reflections on how climate research and policy can be actively decolonized. The panelists draw on their experiences to engage and encourage the audience, listeners, and readers to explore ways to decolonize their own perspectives and to support climate solutions inclusive of all People.
Catching wandering minds with tapping fingers: neural and behavioral insights into task-unrelated cognition
Authors: Groot Josephine M , Csifcsák Gábor , Wientjes Sven , Forstmann Birte U , Mittner Matthias 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When the human mind wanders, it engages in episodes during which attention is focused on self-generated thoughts rather than on external task demands. Although the sustained attention to response task is commonly used to examine relationships between mind wandering and executive functions, limited executive resources are required for optimal task performance. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between mind wandering and executive functions more closely by employing a recently developed finger-tapping task to monitor fluctuations in attention and executive control through task performance and periodical experience sampling during concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and pupillometry. Our results show that mind wandering was preceded by increases in finger-tapping variability, which was correlated with activity in dorsal and ventral attention networks. The entropy of random finger-tapping sequences was related to activity in frontoparietal regions associated with executive control, demonstrating the suitability of this paradigm for studying executive functioning. The neural correlates of behavioral performance, pupillary dynamics, and self-reported attentional state diverged, thus indicating a dissociation between direct and indirect markers of mind wandering. Together, the investigation of these relationships at both the behavioral and neural level provided novel insights into the identification of underlying mechanisms of mind wandering.
The robustness of the photosynthetic system I energy transfer complex network to targeted node attack and random node failure
Authors: Bellingeri M , Montepietra D , Cassi D , Scotognella F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, we implement and compare 10 node removal (attack) strategies from the literature over the photosystem I (PSI) complex network of the common pea plant (Pisum sativum), representing the FRET energy transfer among its nodes/chromophores. We measure the network robustness (functioning) with four indicators. The node attack strategies and the network robustness indicators consider both the binary-topological and the weighted structure of the network. First, we find that the well-known node betweenness centrality attack, which has proven highly effective in dismantling most real-world networks’ topological connectivity, is ineffective over the PSI network. Second, the degeneracy of the node properties caused by the PSI’s higher network connectivity level induces a random-like node removal even when nodes are removed according to a specific node centrality measure. This phenomenon triggers a very low decrease of the PSI network functioning even when subjected to node attack. Such an outcome would indicate that the node attack strategies based on classic node properties, such as the degree or the betweenness centrality, may show low efficacy in dismantling real-world networks with very high connectivity levels.
Last, the PSI network can be built by tuning a cut-off distance (CD) that defines the viable energy transfers among nodes/chromophores and progressively discards the lower energy transfer links among distant nodes/chromophores. This represents a ‘weight thresholding’ procedure allowing us to investigate the efficacy of the node attack strategies when links of lower weight are progressively pruned from the PSI network. We find that the best node attack strategies change by decreasing the CD, showing that the weight thresholding procedure affects the network response to node removal. This last outcome outlines the importance of investigating the stability of the system response for real-world weighted complex networks subjected to the weight thresholding procedure.
Patterns of cortisol and corticosterone concentrations in humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) baleen are associated with different causes of death
Authors: Lowe Carley L , Hunt Kathleen E , Robbins Jooke , Seton Rosemary E , Rogers Matthew , Gabriele Christine M , Neilson Janet L , Landry Scott , Teerlink Suzie S , Buck C Loren 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBaleen whales are subject to a myriad of natural and anthropogenic stressors, but understanding how these stressors affect physiology is difficult. Measurement of adrenal glucocorticoid (GC) hormones involved in the vertebrate stress response (cortisol and corticosterone) in baleen could help fill this data gap. Baleen analysis is a powerful tool, allowing for a retrospective re-creation of multiple years of GC hormone concentrations at approximately a monthly resolution. We hypothesized that whales that died from acute causes (e.g. ship strike) would have lower levels of baleen GCs than whales that died from extended illness or injury (e.g. long-term entanglement in fishing gear). To test this hypothesis, we extracted hormones from baleen plates of four humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) with well-documented deaths including multiple and chronic entanglements (n = 1, female), ship strike (n = 2, male and female) and chronic illness with nutritional stress (n = 1, male). Over ~3 years of baleen growth and during multiple entanglements, the entangled whale had average corticosterone levels of 80–187% higher than the other three whales but cortisol levels were similar to two of the other three whales. The nutritionally stressed and chronically ill whale showed a slow increase in both cortisol and corticosterone spanning ~3 years, followed by a sharp decline in both hormones before death, possibly indicative of adrenal failure in this moribund individual. This whale’s correlation between cortisol and corticosterone was significant but there were no correlations in the other three whales. Our results show that cortisol and corticosterone concentrations vary according to the type and duration of illness or injury. Single-point GC concentrations should be interpreted with caution as low values can occur in whales experiencing pronounced stress and individual baselines can be highly variable. Baleen analysis is a promising tissue type for retrospective analyses of physiological responses to various stressors affecting baleen whales.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients’ Perspectives of Clinical Trials: A Global Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Rubin David T , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Reinisch Walter , Tole Swati , Sullivan Laura , Park K T , Regueiro Miguel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Despite recent progress, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies with pronounced long-term efficacy and improved safety are needed. IBD clinical trials face challenges with patient recruitment because of study designs, competitive or overlapping trials, and limited numbers of eligible patients. We aimed to better understand patients’ awareness of, attitudes toward, and experience with IBD clinical trials.

Methods
This multinational, cross-sectional cohort study of adults with IBD recruited online consisted of 2 components: a quantitative 15-minute online survey completed by all participants and a qualitative 30-minute telephone interview completed by a subset of patients from the United States.

Results
Quantitative survey respondents (N = 226) included patients with ulcerative colitis (52%) and Crohn’s disease (48%) from the United States (n = 100, 21 of whom were interviewed), Brazil (n = 26), Canada (n = 25), France (n = 25), Germany (n = 25), and Spain (n = 25); 96% of respondents reported at least a basic understanding of clinical trials. Patients rated conversations with health care providers most helpful for researching trials, but during interviews patients discussed their desire for increased patient–physician communication about trials. Major barriers to participation included invasive screening/monitoring (35% of quantitative responses) and concern over receiving placebo (35%) or suboptimal treatment (33%). Most respondents (68%) reported that clinical trial participants are “guinea pigs” for an experimental treatment.

Conclusions
Opportunities to improve participation in IBD trials include improved communication with health care providers, further patient education, and alternative trial designs. Ultimately, a better understanding of the patient perspective will be important for more informed patients and more successful recruitment and enrollment.
Contraction patterns of the systemic right ventricle: a three-dimensional echocardiography study
Authors: Surkova Elena , Kovács Attila , Lakatos Bálint Károly , Tokodi Márton , Fábián Alexandra , West Cathy , Senior Roxy , Li Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
To investigate contraction patterns of the systemic right ventricle (SRV) in patients with transposition of great arteries (TGA) post-atrial switch operation and with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries (ccTGA).

Methods and results
Right ventricular (RV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) were measured by three-dimensional echocardiography in 38 patients with the SRV (24 TGA and 14 ccTGA; mean age 45 ± 12 years, 63% male), and in 38 healthy volunteers. The RV contraction was decomposed along the longitudinal, radial, and anteroposterior directions providing longitudinal, radial, and anteroposterior EF (LEF, REF, and AEF, respectively) and their contributions to total right ventricular ejection fraction (LEFi, REFi, and AEFi, respectvely). SRV was significantly larger with lower systolic function compared with healthy controls. SRV EF and four-chamber longitudinal strain strongly correlated with B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level (Rho −0.73, P &lt; 0.0001 and 0.70, P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). In patients with TGA, anteroposterior component was significantly higher than longitudinal and radial components (AEF 17 ± 4.5% vs. REF 13 ± 4.9% vs. LEF 10 ± 3.3%, P &lt; 0.0001; AEFi 0.48 ± 0.09 vs. REFi 0.38 ± 0.1 vs. LEFi 0.29 ± 0.08, P &lt; 0.0001). In patients with ccTGA, there was no significant difference between three SRV components. AEFi was significantly higher in TGA subgroup compared with ccTGA (0.48 ± 0.09 vs. 0.36 ± 0.08, P = 0.0002).

Conclusion
Contraction patterns of the SRV are different in TGA and ccTGA. Anteroposterior component is dominant in TGA providing compensation for impaired longitudinal and radial components, while in ccTGA all components contribute equally to the total EF. SRV EF and longitudinal strain demonstrate strong correlation with BNP level and should be a part of routine echocardiographic assessment of the SRV.
Takotsubo syndrome and complete heart block, which came first? A case report
Authors: Nadeem Mohammad Khurram , Walsh Jason Leo , Davies Simon , Behar Jonathan M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
In 2018, the European Society of Cardiology published two consensus documents on takotsubo syndrome (TTS), which include the current consensus on nomenclature, diagnosis, management, and complications. However, little is mentioned on the association with complete heart block (CHB), except that ‘AV block [occurs in] 2.9% of cases’. Complete heart block is a recognized rare association of TTS, but causation is often unclear. Does CHB trigger TTS or vice-versa? Here, we present a case of TTS associated with CHB.

Case summary
An 89-year-old woman presented with a transient loss of consciousness, acute chest pain, and dyspnoea. A few days prior to this her daughter died suddenly of a myocardial infarction. On presentation, troponin levels were elevated, the electrocardiogram showed CHB with a broad QRS and an echo showed apical akinesis and ballooning. Angiographic investigation excluded significant coronary artery disease. A dual-chamber pacemaker was implanted after a brief period of temporary pacing. Ventricular function normalized during follow-up and her underlying rhythm remained CHB.

Discussion
Takotsubo syndrome may be triggered by both emotional and physical stressors. Complete heart block is recognized association, but causation is often unclear. In our case, a clear emotional trigger was identified suggesting the TTS may have precipitated CHB not vice versa.
Preventing unnecessary imaging in patients suspect of coronary artery disease through machine learning of electronic health records
Authors: Overmars L Malin , van Es Bram , Groepenhoff Floor , De Groot Mark C H , Pasterkamp Gerard , den Ruijter Hester M , van Solinge Wouter W , Hoefer Imo E , Haitjema Saskia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
With the ageing European population, the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is expected to rise. This will likely result in an increased imaging use. Symptom recognition can be complicated, as symptoms caused by CAD can be atypical, particularly in women. Early CAD exclusion may help to optimize use of diagnostic resources and thus improve the sustainability of the healthcare system. To develop sex-stratified algorithms, trained on routinely available electronic health records (EHRs), raw electrocardiograms, and haematology data to exclude CAD in patients upfront.

Methods and results
We trained XGBoost algorithms on data from patients from the Utrecht Patient-Oriented Database, who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and/or stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, or stress single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in the UMC Utrecht. Outcomes were extracted from radiology reports. We aimed to maximize negative predictive value (NPV) to minimize the false negative risk with acceptable specificity. Of 6808 CCTA patients (31% female), 1029 females (48%) and 1908 males (45%) had no diagnosis of CAD. Of 3053 CMR/SPECT patients (45% female), 650 females (47%) and 881 males (48%) had no diagnosis of CAD. On the train and test set, the CCTA models achieved NPVs and specificities of 0.95 and 0.19 (females) and 0.96 and 0.09 (males). The CMR/SPECT models achieved NPVs and specificities of 0.75 and 0.041 (females) and 0.92 and 0.026 (males).

Conclusion
Coronary artery disease can be excluded from EHRs with high NPV. Our study demonstrates new possibilities to reduce unnecessary imaging in women and men suspected of CAD.
Sovereign Immunity as Liminal Space
Authors: Stewart David P , Wuerth Ingrid B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Questions of foreign state immunity frequently involve the ‘liminal space’ between substance and procedure, between domestic and international law and between the domestic law of the forum states and domestic laws of other states. US courts typically (and rightly) rest their analysis not only upon relevant foreign law and international practice but also upon procedural norms that are not formally part of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act. Immunity frequently implicates both the reach and power of domestic courts and the authority, organization and expectations of foreign states. It is unsurprising, therefore, that the domestic procedures of the forum court and the internal laws of both the forum state and the foreign state play significant roles in immunity determinations, although the relative paucity of concrete evidence of state practice can make it very difficult to discern the content of customary international law. ‘Restatements of domestic law’ can play an important role in developing principles of immunity, perhaps especially in the liminal spaces between domestic and foreign, substance and procedure. Hopefully, institutes in other countries will produce works like the Restatement of the Law (Fourth): The Foreign Relations Law of the United States.