bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer Screening Knowledge and Behavior in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Community Health Study
Authors: Chan Tyson Kin-Chung , Tan Linda Wei Lin , van Dam Rob M. , Seow Wei Jie 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundCancer has become the leading cause of mortality in Singapore and among other Asian populations worldwide. Despite the presence of National Cancer Screening programmes in Singapore, less than half of the population has had timely screening according to guidelines. The underlying factors of poor cancer screening rates and health outcomes among Asian ethnic groups remain poorly understood. We therefore examined cancer screening participation rates and screening behavior in a multi-ethnic Singapore population.MethodsWe collected data from 7,125 respondents of the 2015–2016 Singapore Community Health Study. Factors associated with cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening were evaluated using modified Poisson regression. Adjusted prevalence ratios were computed with 95% confidence intervals after adjusting for confounders.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 57.7 ± 10.9 years; 58.9% were female and were predominately Chinese (73.0%), followed by Malay (14.2%), and Indian (10.9%). Less than half of the respondents in the recommended age groups had undergone cancer screening (cervical, 43%; breast, 35.1%; colorectal, 27.3%). Malay respondents were significantly less likely to screen as recommended for cervical (aPR = 0.75, CI = 0.65–0.86, p &lt; 0.001), breast (aPR = 0.83, CI = 0.68–0.99, p = 0.045), and colorectal cancer (aPR = 0.55, CI = 0.44–0.68, p &lt; 0.001), as compared to Chinese respondents. Respondents who had obtained lower secondary level education were 42% more likely to screen for cervical cancer (aPR = 1.42, CI = 1.23–1.64, p &lt; 0.001), and 22% more likely to screen for breast cancer (aPR = 1.22, CI = 1.02–1.46, p = 0.032), compared to those with primary level education and below. Respondents with a household income ≥S$10,000/month were 71% more likely to screen for breast cancer (aPR = 1.71, CI = 1.37–2.13, p &lt; 0.001), as compared with &lt;$2,000/month.ConclusionsEthnicity and socio-economic status were significantly associated with lower uptake of cancer screening tests in Singapore. To improve the screening uptake among disadvantaged groups, a multi-faceted approach is needed that addresses the barriers to screening such as the adequacy of subsidy schemes and ethnic differences.
Case Report: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Osimertinib Sequential to Pembrolizumab in a Patient With EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gianni Caterina , Bronte Giuseppe , Delmonte Angelo , Burgio Marco Angelo , Andrikou Kalliopi , Monti Manlio , Menna Cecilia , Frassineti Giovanni Luca , Crinò Lucio 
Published: August 2021

Background: Lung cancer is a complex disease with many subtypes. However, histochemical characteristics, and genetic mutation determinations are contributing to better define therapeutic targets and new drugs. Although this guarantees patients the possibility of obtaining tailored treatment, it makes it more difficult for clinicians patient management more difficult for clinicians who have to define the most suitable therapeutic strategy and to deal with new treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). It has been seen that the administration of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sequential to an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) can lead to a higher rate of severe and life-threatening TRAEs. We report the case of a patient with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who experienced severe hepatotoxicity and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) induced by osimertinib sequential to pembrolizumab.Case presentation: A 54-year-old woman with advanced NSCLC received one cycle of chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab after diagnosis. Ten days later she began osimertinib 80 mg daily because epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) analysis had revealed an exon 19 deletion. On day 23 of osimertinib the patient experienced an episode of grade (G) 3 hepatotoxicity resolved by discontinuing osimertinib and corticosteroid therapy. The patient restarted osimertinib 80 mg daily after the remission of symptoms but was hospitalized 14 days later following a second episode of severe G3 hepatotoxicity and the onset of SJS, successfully treated with high-dose corticosteroids. Despite the short exposure to osimertinib, the patient obtained a good pathological response.Conclusion: It is important to alert clinicians to carefully evaluate the sequential therapeutic strategy in patients with NSCLC who are candidates for TKI- or ICI-based treatment. Our experience suggests that the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as front-line treatment is a more reasonable and safe option for EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma, with ICIs considered as a possible further treatment in sequential approaches.
SMG9 Serves as an Oncogene to Promote the Tumor Progression via EMT and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jin Xing , Yin Jie , Zhu Hongling , Li Weikang , Yu Kewei , Liu Miao , Zhang Xiujuan , Lu Miaolian , Wan Zemin , Huang Xianzhang 
Published: August 2021

Background/Aims: SMG9 participates in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay process that degrades mRNA harboring nonsense mutations introduced either at the level of transcription or RNA processing. However, little is known about the role of SMG9 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of this research was to clarify the effects of SMG9 expression on HCC progression.Methods: Microarray data were acquired from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to bioinformatically analyze the differential expression of SMG9 between HCC patients and normal controls. SMG9 mRNA level was measured in sixteen sets of fresh tumor tissues and adjacent non-cancerous liver tissues (ANLTs) via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). SMG9 protein expression was analyzed in ninety-five sets of paired formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, clinicopathological features of SMG9 in HCC were checked. For in vitro studies, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence SMG9 expression for exploring biological functions and underlying mechanisms of SMG9 in SMMC-7721 and HepG2.Results: We found that SMG9 was upregulated in HCC tissues and SMG9 levels were closely related to TNM stage, tumor number and tumor size. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier proportional hazards analyses showed that high expression of SMG9 was associated with poor patient survival. Furthermore, proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migration and invasion of both SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells were suppressed by SMG9 inhibition. In addition, EMT and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were involved in SMG9-mediated HCC progression.Conclusions: SMG9 may serve as a potential novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC patients.
2017–2018 Assisted Reproduction Cost Analysis Performance Indexes: Lombardy County Case Study
Authors: Levi-Setti Paolo Emanuele , Busnelli Andrea , Bodina Annalisa , De Luca Roberto , Scaravelli Giulia 
Published: August 2021

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the IVF success rates and the economic cost per delivery in all the public funded IVF Units in Lombardy in the 2017–2018 period and to assess any significant difference in ART outcomes among the enrolled centers.Methods: Analysis of costs for the 2017 and 2018 fresh transfer delivery rate (DR) and Cumulative delivery rate (CDR) considering both fresh and frozen cycles were extracted from the ART Italian Registry on oocytes retrievals, fresh and frozen embryos and oocytes embryo transfer performed in 22 Lombardy IVF Units.Results: In 2017, 29,718 procedures were performed, resulting in 4,543 pregnancies and 3,253 deliveries. In 2018, there were 29,708 procedures, 4,665 pregnancies and 3,348 deliveries. Pregnancies lost to follow up were 5.0% with a (range of 0–67.68%) in 2017 and 3.4% (range of 0–45.1%) in 2018. The cost reimbursement for the cycles were €2,232 ($2,611) for oocyte retrieval and €2,194 ($2,567) for embryo transfer, excluding ovarian stimulation therapy and luteal phase support. 19.33 (5.80). The DR was 13.23 ± 5.69% (range 2.86–29.11%) in 2017 and 19.33 ± 5.80% in 2018 (range 11.82–34.98 %) and the CDR was 19.86 ± 9.38% (range 4.43–37.88%) in 2017 and 21.32 ± 8.84% (range 4.24–37.11%). The mean multiple pregnancy delivery rate (MDR) was 11.08 ± 5.55% (range 0.00–22.73%) in 2017 and 10.41 ± 4.99% (range 1.33–22.22%) in 2018. The mean CDR cost in euros was 26,227 ± 14,737 in 2017 and 25,018 ± 16,039 in 2018. The mean CDR cost among centers was 12,480 to 76,725 in 2017 and 12,973 to 86,203 in 2018.Conclusions: Our findings show impressive differences in the DR and CDR among centers and the importance of cryopreservation in patients' safety and economic cost reduction suggesting the formulation of specific KPI's (Key performance indexes) and minimal performance indexes (PI) as a basis for the allocation of public or insurance resources. In particular, the reduction of multiple pregnancy rates costs, may lead to a more widespread use of ART even in lower resources countries.
Survey Fatigue During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Neurosurgery Survey Response Rates
Authors: de Koning Rosaline , Egiz Abdullah , Kotecha Jay , Ciuculete Ana Catinca , Ooi Setthasorn Zhi Yang , Bankole Nourou Dine Adeniran , Erhabor Joshua , Higginbotham George , Khan Mehdi , Dalle David Ulrich , Sichimba Dawin , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Kanmounye Ulrick Sidney 
Published: August 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a surge in research activity while restricting data collection methods, leading to a rise in survey-based studies. Anecdotal evidence suggests this increase in neurosurgical survey dissemination has led to a phenomenon of survey fatigue, characterized by decreased response rates and reducing the quality of data. This paper aims to analyze the effect of COVID-19 on neurosurgery surveys and their response rates, and suggest strategies for improving survey data collection.Methods: A search was conducted on March 20, 2021, on Medline and EMBASE. This included the terms “neurosurgery,” “cranial surgery,” “spine surgery,” and “survey” and identified surveys written in English, on a neurosurgical topic, distributed to neurosurgeons, trainees, and medical students. Results were screened by two authors according to these inclusion criteria, and included articles were used for data extraction, univariable, and bivariable analysis with Fisher's exact-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Spearman's correlation.Results: We included 255 articles in our analysis, 32.3% of which were published during the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys had an average of 25.6 (95% CI = 22.5–28.8) questions and were mostly multiple choice (78.8%). They were disseminated primarily by email (75.3%, 95% CI = 70.0–80.6%) and there was a significant increase in dissemination via social media during the pandemic (OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 1.30–12.0). COVID-19 surveys were distributed to more geographical regions than pre-pandemic surveys (2.1 vs. 1.5, P = 0.01) and had higher total responses (247.0 vs. 206.4, P = 0.01), but lower response rates (34.5 vs. 51.0%, P &lt; 0.001) than pre-COVID-19 surveys.Conclusion: The rise in neurosurgical survey distribution during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to survey fatigue, reduced response rates, and data collection quality. We advocate for population targeting to avoid over-researching, collaboration between research teams to minimize duplicate surveys, and communication with respondents to convey study importance, and we suggest further strategies to improve response rates in neurosurgery survey data collection.
Management and Outcomes of Paediatric Intracranial Suppurations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ooi Setthasorn Zhi Yang , Sichimba Dawin , Dalle David Ulrich , Higginbotham George , Takoutsing Berjo Dongmo , Bankole Nourou Dine Adeniran , Egiz Abdullah , Kotecha Jay , de Koning Rosaline , Nguembu Stéphane , Zolo Yvan , Dokponou Yao Christian Hugues , Chilawa Samuel , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Kanmounye Ulrick Sidney 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:Intracranial suppurations account for a significant proportion of intracranial masses in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly among children. The development of better imaging equipment, antibiotics, and surgical techniques has enabled significant progress in detecting and treating intracranial abscesses. However, it is unclear whether these advances are accessible and utilised by LMICs. In this review, we aimed to describe the landscape of paediatric intracranial suppurations in LMICs.Methods:This scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. MEDLINE, EMBASE, WHO Global Index Medicus, AJOL and Google scholar were searched for relevant articles from database inception to January 18th, 2021. Publications in English and French were included.Results:Of the 1,011 records identified, 75 were included. The studies, on average, included 18.8 (95% CI = 8.4–29.1) children (mean age: 8.2 years). Most children were male (62.2%, 95% CI = 28.7–95.7%). Intracranial suppurations were most commonly (46.5%) located in the supratentorial brain parenchyma. The most prevalent causative mechanism was otitis (37.4%) with streptococcus species being the most common causative organism (19.4%). CT scan (71.2%) was most commonly used as a diagnostic tool and antibiotics were given to all patients. Symptoms resolved in 23.7% and improved in 15.3% of patients. The morbidity rate was 6.9%, 18.8% of patients were readmitted, and the mortality rate was 11.0%.Conclusion:Most intracranial suppurations were complications of preventable infections and despite MRI being the gold standard for detecting intracranial suppurations, CT scans were mostly used in LMICs. These differences are likely a consequence of inequities in healthcare and have resulted in a high mortality rate in LMICs.
Study on X-ray Emission Using Ultrashort Pulsed Lasers in Materials Processing
Authors: Schille Joerg , Kraft Sebastian , Pflug Theo , Scholz Christian , Clair Maurice , Horn Alexander , Loeschner Udo 
Published: August 2021

The interaction of ultrashort pulsed laser radiation with intensities of 1013 W cm−2 and above with materials often results in an unexpected high X-ray photon flux. It has been shown so far, on the one hand, that X-ray photon emissions increase proportionally with higher laser power and the accumulated X-ray dose rates can cause serious health risks for the laser operators. On the other hand, there is clear evidence that little variations of the operational conditions can considerably affect the spectral X-ray photon flux and X-ray emissions dose. In order to enhance the knowledge in this field, four ultrashort pulse laser systems for providing different complementary beam characteristics were employed in this study on laser-induced X-ray emissions, including peak intensities between 8 × 1012 W∙cm−2 < I0 < 5.2 × 1016 W∙cm−2, up to 72.2 W average laser power as well as burst/bi-burst processing mode. By the example of AISI 304 stainless steel, it was verified that X-ray emission dose rates as high as H˙′ (0.07) > 45 mSv h−1 can be produced when low-intensity ultrashort pulses irradiate at a small 1 µm intra-line pulse distance during laser beam scanning and megahertz pulse repetition frequencies. For burst and bi-burst pulses, the second intra-burst pulse was found to significantly enhance the X-ray emission potentially induced by laser pulse and plasma interaction.
HUTAN KOTA SUNGAILIAT SEBAGAI MEDIA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PADA SISWA SMPN 2 SUNGAILIAT
Authors: Tien Rostini  
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemanfaatan media Hutan Kota Sungailiat dalam meningkatkan keterampilan siswa kelas VIII D di SMPN 2 Sungailiat dalam menulis teks eksposisi. Efektivitas pembelajaran dengan media Hutan Kota Sungailiat dilihat dari peningkatan keterampilan siswa dalam menulis teks eksposisi. Penelitian ini berbentuk Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus dilaksanakan dengan empat langkah, yakni perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Tindakan perbaikan pembelajarannya dilakukan dua pertemuan persiklus. Pertemuan pertama dilakukan di Hutan Kota Sungailiat untuk menentukan ide, mengumpulkan data, dan menyusun kerangka serta konsep tulisan. Pertemuan kedua dilakukan di ruang kelas untuk menyunting tulisan. Hasil penilaian setiap siklus menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam bentuk keterampilan menulis eksposisi. Peningkatannya dapat dilihat dari hasil penilaian pembelajaran awal, siklus I, dan siklus II. Persentase ketuntasan kelas pada pembelajaran awal sebesar 61,76%, pada siklus I, dan pada siklus II mencapai 94,12%. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan, bahwa pembelajaran dengan media Hutan Kota Sungailiat efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks eksposisi pada siswa kelas VIII D di SMP Negeri 2 Sungailiat.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PKN MELALUI PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN DI LUAR KELAS
Authors: Dewi Setyorini  
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya permasalahan terkait dengan rendahnya minat belajar dan pemahaman konsep XII PKn 1 SMAN 1 Kelapa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa di dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn) menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran di luar kelas. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, angket, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas XII IPA 1 SMAN 1 Kelapa semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Data hasil penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dapat diketahui bahwa minat belajar siswa di dalam pembelajaran PKN terjadi peningkatan di setiap siklus. Siswa lebih antusias di dalam mengikuti pembelajaran di luar kelas dibandingkan dengan proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan di dalam kelas. Peningkatan minat ini dapat diketahui melalui hasil observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan, serta dipertegas dengan meningkatnya hasil belajar siswa. Hasil belajar siswa ini dapat dilihat dari nilai rata - rata persentase hasil tes siswa pada siklus I sebesar 42,22% menjadi 85,55%. Rata - rata nilai PKN siswa meningkat dari siklus I sebesar 75,92 menjadi 90,74 pada siklus II.
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS DENGAN CARA E-LEARNING DALAM MENEMUKAN KATA-KATA YANG SULIT
Authors: Ranta Butarbutar  , Agus Kichi Hermansyah  
Published: August 2021

E-learning sebagai bagian dari teknologi dapat dijadikan alternatif yang menarik untuk mendorong dan meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dalam menulis teks naratif secara khusus. Teknologi memiliki dampak yang penting dalam kemajuan pendidikan, seorang guru perlu menggunakannya dalam proses pembelajaran. Salah satu keterampilan dalam berbahasa Inggris ialah keterampilan menulis. Keterampilan menulis digunakan untuk menyampaikan pesan dan pendapat dalam teks kepada pembaca. Sebagai suatu keterampilan, keterampilan menulis tidak diperoleh secara alamiah. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesulitan menemukan kata-kata dengan cara e-learning dalam keterampilan menulis. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, penelitian tindakan kelas digunakan dalam menganalisis data melalui kombinasi pembelajaran online menggunakan google classroom dan pembelajaran off-line yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa nilai siswa pada prasiklus hingga siklus I meningkat menjadi 21 (60-81), siklus I ke siklus II meningkat menjadi 24 (81-85). Hasil tersebut membuktikan bahwa penggabungan ruang kelas yang dilakukan off-line dengan e-learning merupakan cara yang sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa.
E-LEARNINGKELASMULTIMEDIA.MY.ID: ALTERNATIF PENGGANTI TATAP MUKADI MASA COVID-19 PADA JURUSAN MULTIMEDIA
Authors: HERDIAN AGUS 
Published: August 2021

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan teknologi berupae-learning dalam pembelajaran daring pada jurusan Multimedia di SMK Negeri 1 Parittiga Bangka Barat di masa adaptasi kebiasaan baru Covid-19. Kemudahaan pengaksesan bahan ajar oleh siswa menggunakan ponsel android, memungkinkan setiap siswa untuk belajar mandiri dengan berpusat pada materi yang disediakan guru pada media daringkelasmultimedia.my.id. Populasi penelitian meliputi siswa jurusan Multimedia SMKN 1 Parittiga, menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan mempertimbangkan homogenitas populasi. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan melalui google form. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Peserta didik merasa lebih nyaman untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran secara tatap mukakarena dianggap lebih mudah untuk menerima materi pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan sebanyak 91,7 % peserta didik mengakses web e-learningkelasmultimedia.my.id, 94,4 % menyatakan web ini berguna sebagai alternatif pengganti pelajaran tatap muka, 92 % menyatakan mengikuti pelajaran dari kelasmultimedia.my.id, 5 % peserta didik menilai penggunaan media daring initerkendala pada koneksi jaringan dan 46 %responden menyatakan terkendala keterbatasan kuota internet.
Software Deterioration Control Based on Issue Reports
Authors: Bushehrian Omid , Sayari Mohsen , Shamsinejad Pirooz 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Successive code changes during the maintenance phase may cause the emergence of bad smells and anti-patterns in code and gradually results in deterioration of the code and difficulties in its maintainability. Continuous Quality Control (QC) is essential in this phase to refactor the anti-patterns and bad smells.
Objectives: The objective of this research has been to present a novel component called Code Deterioration Watch (CDW) to be integrated with existing Issue Tracking Systems (ITS) in order to assist the QC team in locating the software modules most vulnerable to deterioration swiftly. The important point regarding the CDW is the fact that its function has to be independent of the code level metrics rather it is totally based on issue level metrics measured from ITS repositories.
Methods: An issue level metric that properly alerts us of bad-smell emergence was identified by mining software repositories. To measure that metric, a Stream Clustering algorithm called ReportChainer was proposed to spot Relatively Long Chains (RLC) of incoming issue reports as they tell the QC team that a concentrated point of successive changes has emerged in the software.
Results: The contribution of this paper is partly creating a huge integrated code and issue repository of twelve medium and large size open-source software products from Apache and Eclipse. By mining this repository it was observed that there is a strong direct correlation (0.73 on average) between the number of issues of type “New Feature” reported on a software package and the number of bad-smells of types “design” and “error prone” emerged in that package. Besides a strong direct correlation (0.97 on average) was observed between the length of a chain and the magnitude of times it caused changes to a software package.
Conclusion: The existence of direct correlation between the number of issues of type “New Feature” reported on a software package and (1) the number of bad-smells of types “design” and “error prone” and (2) the value of “CyclomaticComplexity” metric of the package, justifies the idea of Quality Control merely based on issue-level metrics. A stream clustering algorithm can be effectively applied to alert the emergence of a deteriorated module.