bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Impact of Climate Change and Forest Management on Swedish Forest Ecosystems Using the Dynamic Vegetation Model LPJ‐GUESS
Authors: Bergkvist John , Lagergren Fredrik , Islam Md. Rafikul , Wårlind David , Miller Paul A. , Finnander Linderson Maj‐Lena , Lindeskog Mats , Jönsson Anna Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBoreal and temperate forests are undergoing structural, compositional and functional changes in response to increasing temperatures, changes in precipitation, and rising CO2, but the extent of the changes in forests will also depend on current and future forest management. This study utilized the dynamic vegetation model LPJ‐GUESS enabled with forest management (version 4.1.2, rev11016) to simulate changes in forest ecosystem functioning and supply of ecosystem services in Sweden. We compared three alternative forest policy scenarios: Business As Usual, with no change in the proportion of forest types within landscapes; Adaptation and Resistance, with an increased area of mixed stands; and EU‐Policy, with a focus on conservation and reduced management intensity. LPJ‐GUESS was forced with climate data derived from an ensemble of three earth system models to study long‐term implications of a low (SSP1‐2.6), a high (SSP3‐7.0), and a very high (SSP5‐8.5) emissions scenario. Increases in net primary production varied between 4% and 8% in SSP1‐2.6, 21%–25% in SSP3‐7.0 and 25%–29% in SSP5‐8.5 across all three forest policy scenarios, when comparing 2081–2100 to 2001–2020. Increased net primary production was mediated by a higher soil nitrogen availability and increased water use efficiency in the higher emission scenarios SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5. Soil carbon storage showed small but significant decreases in SSP3‐7.0 and in SSP5‐8.5. Our results highlight differences in the predisposition to storm damage among forest policy scenarios, which were most pronounced in southern Sweden, with increases of 61%–76% in Business‐As‐Usual, 4%–11% in Adaptation and Resistance, and decreases of 7%–12% in EU‐Policy when comparing 2081–2100 to 2001–2020.
Impacts of Antarctic Sea Ice Change on Global Warming Pattern Inferred From CMIP6 Intermodel Spread
Authors: Luo Fengyun , Xie Shang‐Ping , Ying Jun , Geng Yu‐Fan , Chen Dake 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlobal climate models generally project a robust decline in Antarctic sea ice (ASI) under increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) while an ASI expansion has been observed over the recent four decades. Motivated by the apparent model‐observation discrepancy, this study investigates the influences of ASI change on global warming pattern by exploiting the spread across models from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The results indicate a close intermodel relationship between ASI change and global sea surface warming pattern. Models with less ASI loss tend to produce a weaker warming globally, especially in the Southern Ocean, subtropical southeastern Pacific Ocean, and tropical Pacific Ocean. This extratropical teleconnection to the tropics agrees with the theory of cross‐equator energy transport. By correcting the modeled ASI change with observations, we can bring the SST warming pattern closer to observations, especially in the Southern Hemisphere and tropics.
Influence of Vortex Couplets Following Cold Fronts Related to the Lateral Friction by Mountains on Elevated Thunderstorm Initiation
Authors: Luo Xinyue , Huang Xiaogang , Fei Jianfang , Wang Ju , Li Chao , Cheng Xiaoping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConvective initiation (CI) over complex terrain poses a difficult problem. By conducting numerical simulations and surface friction experiments, this study investigated the dynamic mechanism of elevated thunderstorm initiation on the eastern side of Dalou Mountain. The evolution characteristics of vortices before and after CI, as well as the impact of lateral friction of the mountain on the formation of vortices, were assessed. Simulation results showed that a pair of vortex couplets following the cold front (CFVs) were associated with lateral friction of the terrain, where the northern and southern sides experienced anticyclonic and cyclonic vortices, respectively. Easterly winds between CFVs could be an indication for CI. CFVs had an unsymmetrical structure in the vertical direction, which had a high depth in the south and low depth in the north, and exhibited nocturnal intensification. In the sensitivity experiments, lateral friction showed the positive impact on the low‐level easterlies from afternoon to evening, following the rule that the greater the surface lateral friction, the stronger the easterly. The promotion of positive vorticity in the southern vortex by lateral friction was obviously above 1,500 m, while the enhancement of negative vorticity in the northern vortex was mainly reflected in the low‐level layer. The variation of the latter was not as large as that of the former due to the difference of the south and the north terrain. These results provide an important perspective on the qualitative relationship between the lateral friction, vortex couplets, and airflow intensity.
Eurasian Snow Anomaly Amplifying the Effect of North Atlantic SST on Interannual Occurrences of Spring Frosts Over Northeast China
Authors: Lang Xinyao , Chen Huopo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe spring frost over northeast China significantly affects local socioeconomic development; however, the variations and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study explored the spatiotemporal attributes of spring frost days (FD) over northeast China in recent decades, and the potential mechanisms underlying their interannual variations. The results indicated an evident decline in spring FD over northeast China, accompanied by substantial interannual variation. Further analyses suggested that anomalous springtime North Atlantic tripole sea surface temperature (SST) and Eurasian snow depth are critical factors controlling the interannual variations of spring FD in northeast China. Rossby wave trains can be stimulated by the anomalous North Atlantic tripole SST (NAT), which propagates eastward through the Eurasian continent to northeast China, significantly affecting the atmospheric circulation along the pathways. This results in anomalous negative geopotential heights and cyclonic circulation over northeast China, causing low‐temperature anomalies by moderating wind‐induced alterations in surface heat fluxes and cloud‐induced modifications in surface radiation. Meanwhile, Eurasian snow depth anomalies represent a consistent effect with NAT. The anomalous Eurasian snow depth may modify the atmosphere thickness by regulating surface heat flux, promoting the propagation of wave trains as a snow‐atmosphere bridge, which enhances the impact of NAT on FD. In addition, it also triggers the Rossby wave trains to spread from high‐latitude Siberia to northeast China. Both of these processes have a considerable impact on the local atmospheric circulation. Consequently, these two factors contribute to local surface cooling, thereby increasing the spring frost occurrence over northeast China.
Warming and Carbon Injection at the Paleocene‐Eocene Boundary: Bayesian Modeling Supports Synchroneity
Authors: Makarova Maria , Schmelz William J. , Miller Kenneth G. , Herbert Timothy D. , Podrecca Luca G. , Browning James V. , Mortlock Richard A. , Godfrey Linda V. , Wright James D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe evaluate lead‐lag relationships between warming associated with the Paleocene‐Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) and the attendant carbon isotope excursion (CIE) recorded in sedimentary archives from the mid‐Atlantic continental margin. Cores from the New Jersey coastal plain (NJCP) provide thick (up to 15 m), rapidly deposited shelf PETM sections recording a 6–8°C warming based on the TEX86 paleothermometer. Updip cores from Medford, NJ provide the most expanded CIE onset, associated with a gradual lithologic change from uppermost Paleocene glauconitic sands to the lowermost Eocene kaolinitic Marlboro Clay. The relative thickness of these transitional sediments and the CIE onset allow for high‐resolution stable isotopic (bulk sediment, foraminifera, and organic carbon) and lipid biomarker analyses. The TEXH86‐derived temperature records from Medford cores show no warming prior to the CIE onset, with the carbon isotopic decrease in phase with temperature. Previous studies of more downdip PETM sections on the NJCP suggested that warming preceded the CIE, consistent with a thermal trigger for carbon release. Re‐evaluation of published records and Bayesian analysis of TEXH86‐derived temperature and δ13C from five NJCP sites do not indicate a statistically discernible lead or lag of carbon injection and warming. Though we can not preclude that a lead or lag exists, our analysis suggests that a synchronous CIE onset and warming is the most likely scenario on the NJ paleoshelf.
Malate initiates a proton-sensing pathway essential for pH regulation of inflammation
Authors: Chen Yu-jia-nan , Shi Rong-chen , Xiang Yuan-cai , Fan Li , Tang Hong , He Gang , Zhou Mei , Feng Xin-zhe , Tan Jin-dong , Huang Pan , Ye Xiao , Zhao Kun , Fu Wen-yu , Li Liu-li , Bian Xu-ting , Chen Huan , Wang Feng , Wang Teng , Zhang Chen-ke , Zhou Bing-hua , Chen Wan , Liang Tao-tao , Lv Jing-tong , Kang Xia , Shi You-xing , Kim Ellen , Qin Yin-hua , Hettinghouse Aubryanna , Wang Kai-di , Zhao Xiang-li , Yang Ming-yu , Tang Yu-zhen , Piao Hai-long , Guo Lin , Liu Chuan-ju , Miao Hong-ming , Tang Kang-lai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetabolites can double as a signaling modality that initiates physiological adaptations. Metabolism, a chemical language encoding biological information, has been recognized as a powerful principle directing inflammatory responses. Cytosolic pH is a regulator of inflammatory response in macrophages. Here, we found that L-malate exerts anti-inflammatory effect via BiP-IRF2BP2 signaling, which is a sensor of cytosolic pH in macrophages. First, L-malate, a TCA intermediate upregulated in pro-inflammatory macrophages, was identified as a potent anti-inflammatory metabolite through initial screening. Subsequent screening with DARTS and MS led to the isolation of L-malate-BiP binding. Further screening through protein‒protein interaction microarrays identified a L-malate-restrained coupling of BiP with IRF2BP2, a known anti-inflammatory protein. Interestingly, pH reduction, which promotes carboxyl protonation of L-malate, facilitates L-malate and carboxylate analogues such as succinate to bind BiP, and disrupt BiP-IRF2BP2 interaction in a carboxyl-dependent manner. Both L-malate and acidification inhibit BiP-IRF2BP2 interaction, and protect IRF2BP2 from BiP-driven degradation in macrophages. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo, BiP-IRF2BP2 signal is required for effects of both L-malate and pH on inflammatory responses. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized, proton/carboxylate dual sensing pathway wherein pH and L-malate regulate inflammatory responses, indicating the role of certain carboxylate metabolites as adaptors in the proton biosensing by interactions between macromolecules.
Structural insights into GrpEL1-mediated nucleotide and substrate release of human mitochondrial Hsp70
Authors: Morizono Marc A. , McGuire Kelly L. , Birouty Natalie I. , Herzik Mark A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMaintenance of protein homeostasis is necessary for cell viability and depends on a complex network of chaperones and co-chaperones, including the heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) system. In human mitochondria, mitochondrial Hsp70 (mortalin) and the nucleotide exchange factor (GrpEL1) work synergistically to stabilize proteins, assemble protein complexes, and facilitate protein import. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms guiding these processes is hampered by limited structural information. To elucidate these mechanistic details, we used cryoEM to determine structures of full-length human mortalin-GrpEL1 complexes in previously unobserved states. Our structures and molecular dynamics simulations allow us to delineate specific roles for mortalin-GrpEL1 interfaces and to identify steps in GrpEL1-mediated nucleotide and substrate release by mortalin. Subsequent analyses reveal conserved mechanisms across bacteria and mammals and facilitate a complete understanding of sequential nucleotide and substrate release for the Hsp70 chaperone system.
Catalytic oxidation upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate to commodity carboxylic acids
Authors: Chen Qinghai , Yan Hao , Zhao Kai , Wang Shuai , Zhang Dongrui , Li Yaqian , Fan Rong , Li Jie , Chen Xiaobo , Zhou Xin , Liu Yibin , Feng Xiang , Chen De , Yang Chaohe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCatalytic upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into high-value oxygenated products is a fascinating process, yet it remains challenging. Here, we present a one-step tandem strategy to realize the thermal catalytic oxidation upcycling of PET to terephthalic acid (TPA) and high-value glycolic acid (GA) instead of ethylene glycol (EG). By using the Au/NiO with rich oxygen vacancies as catalyst, we successfully accelerate the hydrolysis of PET, accompanied by obtaining 99% TPA yield and 87.6% GA yield. The results reveal that the oxygen vacancies in NiO (NiO-Ov) support tend to adsorb hydrolysis product TPA, preferentially ensuring the strong adsorption of EG at the Au-NiO interface. Moreover, during the EG oxidation process, the Au-NiO interface, composed of two types of structures, quasi “AuNi alloy” and NiO-Ov, simultaneously promote the C-H bond activation, where Ni in “AuNi alloy” exhibits an oxytropism effect to anchor the C = O bond of the intermediate, while the residual O in NiO-Ov pillages the H in the C-H bond. Such Au/NiO catalyst is further extended to promote the thermal catalytic oxidation upcycling of other polyethylene glycol esters to GA with excellent catalytic performance.
Host dispersal relaxes selective pressures in rafting microbiomes and triggers successional changes
Authors: Pearman William S. , Duffy Grant A. , Smith Robert O. , Currie Kim I. , Gemmell Neil J. , Morales Sergio E. , Fraser Ceridwen I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhat little we know about how microbiomes change over the course of host dispersal has been gleaned from simulations or snapshot sampling of microbiomes of hosts undertaking regular, cyclical migrations. These studies suggest that major changes in both microbiome richness and turnover occur in response to long-distance movements, but we do not yet know how rare or sporadic dispersal events for non-migratory organisms might affect the microbiomes of their hosts. Here we directly examine the microbiomes of rafting seaweed, leveraging host genomic analyses, amplicon sequencing, and oceanographic modelling to study the impacts of ecological dispersal of hosts on their microbiomes. We find that once dislodged from coastal shores and adrift, kelp-associated microbial communities change profoundly—the core microbes found on attached kelp give way to a few abundant taxa and many rare taxa. Changes in microbial species richness and composition are strongly linked to variability in sea surface temperature rather than length of time spent rafting. These changes are associated with increased contributions of neutral processes shaping community assembly. These findings highlight the role of environmental predictability in triggering major community successional changes and challenge the importance of host selection in determining the microbiome.
Molecular characterization of the sea lamprey retina illuminates the evolutionary origin of retinal cell types
Authors: Wang Junqiang , Zhang Lin , Cavallini Martina , Pahlevan Ali , Sun Junwei , Morshedian Ala , Fain Gordon L. , Sampath Alapakkam P. , Peng Yi-Rong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe lamprey, a primitive jawless vertebrate whose ancestors diverged from all other vertebrates over 500 million years ago, offers a unique window into the ancient formation of the retina. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we characterize retinal cell types in the lamprey and compare them to those in mouse, chicken, and zebrafish. We find six cell classes and 74 distinct cell types, many shared with other vertebrate species. The conservation of cell types indicates their emergence early in vertebrate evolution, highlighting primordial designs of retinal circuits for the rod pathway, ON-OFF discrimination, and direction selectivity. The diversification of amacrine and some ganglion cell types appears, however, to be distinct in the lamprey. We further infer genetic regulators in specifying retinal cell classes and identify ancestral regulatory elements across species, noting decreased conservation in specifying amacrine cells. Altogether, our characterization of the lamprey retina illuminates the evolutionary origin of visual processing in the retina.
Ultrafast silicon photonic reservoir computing engine delivering over 200 TOPS
Authors: Wang Dongliang , Nie Yikun , Hu Gaolei , Tsang Hon Ki , Huang Chaoran 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReservoir computing (RC) is a powerful machine learning algorithm for information processing. Despite numerous optical implementations, its speed and scalability remain limited by the need to establish recurrent connections and achieve efficient optical nonlinearities. This work proposes a streamlined photonic RC design based on a new paradigm, called next-generation RC, which overcomes these limitations. Our design leads to a compact silicon photonic computing engine with an experimentally demonstrated processing speed of over 60 GHz. Experimental results demonstrate state-of-the-art performance in prediction, emulation, and classification tasks across various machine learning applications. Compared to traditional RC systems, our silicon photonic RC engine offers several key advantages, including no speed limitations, a compact footprint, and a high tolerance to fabrication errors. This work lays the foundation for ultrafast on-chip photonic RC, representing significant progress toward developing next-generation high-speed photonic computing and signal processing.
Parallel single-cell metabolic analysis and extracellular vesicle profiling reveal vulnerabilities with prognostic significance in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Forte Dorian , Pellegrino Roberto Maria , Falvo Paolo , Garcia-Gonzalez Paulina , Alabed Husam B. R. , Maltoni Filippo , Lombardi Davide , Bruno Samantha , Barone Martina , Pasini Federico , Fabbri Francesco , Vannini Ivan , Donati Benedetta , Cristiano Gianluca , Sartor Chiara , Ronzoni Simona , Ciarrocchi Alessia , Buratta Sandra , Urbanelli Lorena , Emiliani Carla , Soverini Simona , Catani Lucia , Bertolini Francesco , Argüello Rafael José , Cavo Michele , Curti Antonio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease with a high relapse rate. In this study, we map the metabolic profile of CD34+(CD38low/-) AML cells and the extracellular vesicle signatures in circulation from AML patients at diagnosis. CD34+ AML cells display high antioxidant glutathione levels and enhanced mitochondrial functionality, both associated with poor clinical outcomes. Although CD34+ AML cells are highly dependent on glucose oxidation and glycolysis for energy, those from intermediate- and adverse-risk patients reveal increased mitochondrial dependence. Extracellular vesicles from AML are mainly enriched in stem cell markers and express antioxidant GPX3, with their profiles showing potential prognostic value. Extracellular vesicles enhance mitochondrial functionality and dependence on CD34+ AML cells via the glutathione/GPX4 axis. Notably, extracellular vesicles from adverse-risk patients enhance leukemia cell engraftment in vivo. Here, we show a potential noninvasive approach based on liquid ‘cell-extracellular vesicle’ biopsy toward a redefined metabolic stratification in AML.
Communication between DNA polymerases and Replication Protein A within the archaeal replisome
Authors: Martínez-Carranza Markel , Vialle Léa , Madru Clément , Cordier Florence , Tekpinar Ayten Dizkirici , Haouz Ahmed , Legrand Pierre , Le Meur Rémy A. , England Patrick , Dulermo Rémi , Guijarro J. Iñaki , Henneke Ghislaine , Sauguet Ludovic 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReplication Protein A (RPA) plays a pivotal role in DNA replication by coating and protecting exposed single-stranded DNA, and acting as a molecular hub that recruits additional replication factors. We demonstrate that archaeal RPA hosts a winged-helix domain (WH) that interacts with two key actors of the replisome: the DNA primase (PriSL) and the replicative DNA polymerase (PolD). Using an integrative structural biology approach, combining nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, we unveil how RPA interacts with PriSL and PolD through two distinct surfaces of the WH domain: an evolutionarily conserved interface and a novel binding site. Finally, RPA is shown to stimulate the activity of PriSL in a WH-dependent manner. This study provides a molecular understanding of the WH-mediated regulatory activity in central replication factors such as RPA, which regulate genome maintenance in Archaea and Eukaryotes.
Nano-second pulsed laser ablation of inconel 718 and MMPCD for simultaneous optimal ablation rate and surface quality
Authors: Elkaseer Ahmed , Abdelgaliel Islam H. , Lambarri Jon , Quintana Iban , Scholz Steffen , Aly Mohamed F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the ablation performance of Inconel 718, a nickel-based superalloy, and metal matrix polycrystalline diamond (MMPCD), a super composite, using a nano-second (ns) pulsed laser across a range of ablation conditions. Single trenches varying in energy fluence and scanning speeds were created, analyzing the experimental responses in terms of ablation rate and surface roughness. Using regression techniques, models were developed to understand these relationships. Four multi-objective optimization algorithms, weighted value grey wolf optimizer (WVGWO), multi-objective Pareto search (MOPS), multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), and multi-objective sunflower optimization (MOSFO), were employed to optimize these models. Key findings include MMPCD achieving the highest ablation rates at maximum fluence and lower speeds with negligible recast, resulting in smoother surfaces, whereas Inconel 718 reached its peak rates at similar conditions but exhibited significant surface recast. This research provides valuable insights into ns-pulsed laser machining for advanced materials, emphasizing the impact of fluence and scanning speed on achieving high ablation rates and minimal surface roughness.