bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of early nutrition route in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Brisard Laurent , Bailly Arthur , Le Thuaut Aurélie , Bizouarn Philippe , Lepoivre Thierry , Nicolet Johanna , Roussel Jean‐Christian , Senage Thomas , Rozec Bertrand 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly nutrition management in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains controversial. Despite its potentially beneficial effect, enteral nutrition (EN) could be associated with gastrointestinal (GI) complications. Total daily energy requirements remain difficult to achieve with ECMO support. Analysis of nutrition practices could improve nutrition management of this particular population.MethodsA monocentric retrospective study of patients requiring ECMO in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit (ICU) between 2010 and 2014 with follow‐up ≥6 days. Nutrition support was monitored daily until ECMO weaning. We compared patients exposed (EN group, n = 49) and unexposed (No EN group (NEN), n = 63) with EN, as well as the energy and protein intakes within 4 days after initiation of ECMO. Vital status and nosocomial infections were followed up until ICU discharge. Primary outcome was the incidence of GI intolerance and risk‐factor identification. Secondary outcomes included impact of nutrition inadequacy and clinical outcome.ResultsA total 112 patients were analyzed, representing 969 nutrition days. Median ratio of energy and protein prescribed/required daily was 81% (58–113) and 56% (36–86), respectively. GI intolerance was experienced by 53% (26 of 49) of patients in the EN group and was only associated with ECMO duration (odds ratio, 1.14: 95% CI, 1.00–1.31; P = .05). Low‐energy and protein days were not associated with clinical outcomes such as nosocomial infections.ConclusionEN is associated with almost 50% GI intolerance without clinical benefit for patients receiving ECMO. Adequacy in energy and protein amounts did not affect clinical outcome.
Leaf gas exchange of lowland rice in response to nitrogen source and vapor pressure deficit
Authors: Vu Duy Hoang , Stuerz Sabine , Pieters Alejandro , Asch Folkard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn anaerobic lowland fields, ammonium (NH4+) is the dominant form of nitrogen (N) taken up by rice plants, however, with the large expansion of water‐saving irrigation practices, nitrification is favored during drained periods, leading to an increased availability of nitrate (NO3−).AimSince the uptake and assimilation of the two N‐sources differ in their demand of photosynthates, leaf gas exchange may be subject to adjustments in response to N‐sources, particularly at high evaporative demand, when stomatal conductance (gs) is very sensitive.MethodsThree experiments were carried out to study leaf gas exchange of various lowland rice varieties in response to N‐source at low and high vapor pressure deficit (VPD). In the first experiment, seedlings of 12 rice varieties were grown at high VPD for 3 weeks. From this, four rice varieties differing in gs and CO2 assimilation rate (A) were selected and grown for 2 weeks at low VPD, and after that, they were shifted to high VPD for 1 week, whereas in the third experiment, the same varieties were grown separately at low and high VPD conditions for 2 weeks. In all three experiments, plants were grown hydroponically in nutrient solution with N‐sources as sole NH4+ or NO3−.ResultsAt high VPD, NO3− nutrition led to a higher gs and A in four out of 12 varieties (IR64, BT7, NU838, and Nipponbare) relative to NH4+ nutrition, while no effect was observed at low VPD or after a short‐term exposure to high VPD. Further, varieties with a high intrinsic water‐use efficiency (WUEi; IR64 and BT7) showed the strongest response to N‐source. Higher gs was partially supported by increased root/shoot ratio, but could not be fully explained by the measured parameters. However, higher A in NO3−‐fed plants did not always result in increased plant dry matter, which is probably related to the higher energy demand for NO3− assimilation. Our results suggest that at high VPD, NO3− nutrition can improve leaf gas exchange in varieties having a high WUEi, provided a sufficient water supply.ConclusionTherefore, intensified nitrification under water‐saving irrigation measures may improve leaf gas exchange and the growth of rice plants under high transpirational demand. However, choice of variety seems crucial since large varietal differences were observed in response to N‐source. Further, breeding strategies for genotypes adapted to aerobic soil conditions should consider responses to NO3−, potentially using gas exchange measurements as a screening tool.
Off‐line two‐dimensional liquid chromatography separation for the quality control of saponins samples from Quillaja Saponaria
Authors: Lecas Lucile , Nuccio Sylvie , de Vaumas René , Faure Karine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQuil‐A is a purified extract of saponins with strong immunoadjuvant activity. While specific molecules have been identified and tested in clinical trials, Quil‐A is mostly used as a totum of the Quillaja Saponaria bark extract. Quality control of the extract stability is usually based on the monitoring of specific saponins, whereas the comparison of samples with an initial chromatogram seems more appropriate. A reference fingerprint based on comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography offers a rapid detection of nonconform samples. To fulfill quality control constraints, off‐line configuration using basic instrumentation was promoted. Hence, reversed‐phase liquid chromatography × reversed‐phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography × reversed‐phase liquid chromatography methods with ultraviolet and single‐quadrupole mass spectrometry detection were kinetically optimized. The reversed‐phase liquid chromatography × reversed‐phase liquid chromatography method used a pH switch between dimensions to maximize orthogonality. Despite diagonalization, it led to a high peak capacity of 831 in 2 h. On the other hand, the combination of hydrophilic interaction chromatography and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography offered a larger orthogonality but a lower, yet satisfactory peak capacity of 673. The advantages of both methods were illustrated on degraded samples, where the reversed‐phase liquid chromatography × reversed‐phase liquid chromatography contour plot highlighted the loss of fatty acid chains, while the hydrophilic interaction chromatography × reversed‐phase liquid chromatography method was found useful to evidence enzymatic loss of sugar moieties.
Sorafenib use in hepatitis B virus‐ or hepatitis C virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity score matching study
Authors: Lee Yu‐Chi , Wang Jing‐Houng , Chen Chien‐Hung , Hung Chao‐Hung , Lo Kai‐Che , Yen Yi‐Hao , Kee Kwong‐Ming , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Kuo Yuan‐Hung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSorafenib is the recommended first‐line treatment option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related advanced HCC (HCV–HCC) seemed to have a better response than hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related HCC (HBV–HCC) in sorafenib use, but it was undetermined. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effect of sorafenib between HBV–HCC and HCV–HCC patients in Taiwan. From August 2012 to December 2016, 575 consecutive advanced HCC patients received sorafenib under the reimbursement of Taiwan national health insurance in our hospital. Radiologic assessment was performed at a 2‐month interval. Those patients with tumor progression or liver function deterioration were disallowed for further sorafenib use. Patients with HBV or HCV infection were, retrospectively, enrolled and followed till December 2018. There were 277 (62.4%) HBV–HCC patients and 167 (37.6%) HCV–HCC patients. Before sorafenib, 192 (69.3%) HBV–HCC patients who had used nucleoside analogs (NAs) for HBV management, whereas only 5 (3%) HCV–HCC patients received interferon‐based antiviral therapy. Overall survival (OS) of HCV–HCC patients was significantly superior to HBV–HCC patients without NAs (8.8 months vs. 4.9 months, p = 0.006), but was noninferior to HBV–HCC patients with NAs (8.8 months vs. 10.7 months, p = 0.54). Using propensity score matching, progression‐free survival (2.0 months vs. 2.1 months, p = 0.374) and OS (10.5 months vs. 9.6 months, p = 0.746) between HBV–HCC and HCV–HCC groups were not different. Antiviral therapy might increase survival benefits of advanced HBV–HCC patients underwent sorafenib use, leading to a comparable OS to HCV–HCC patients in Taiwan.
Genetic polymorphisms of regulatory T cell‐related genes modulate systemic inflammation induced by viral hepatitis
Authors: Kao Hsueh‐Hsin , Yu Rwei‐Ling , Chuang Wan‐Long , Huang Jee‐Fu , Dai Chia‐Yen , Tan Chun‐Hsiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractViral hepatitis is a devastating disease with the risk for cirrhosis and carcinogenicity. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play important roles in the disease course of viral hepatitis via maintaining the balance between overt‐immune responses and viral replications. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms of Treg‐related genes, such as interleukin‐2, transforming growth factor‐β 1 (TGF‐β1), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and adenylyl cyclase type 9 modulate the hosts' immune regulation under circumstances of viral hepatitis. We examined the effect of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Treg‐related genes on the levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), alanine aminotransferase, and non‐invasive hepatic fibrosis marker (Fibrosis‐4 index) in a total of 138 participants with viral hepatitis. The rs1800469 (a TGF‐β1 SNP) GG genotype is associated with higher serum CRP levels, and the rs3761547 (a FOXP3 SNP) C allele in the females is associated with higher ESR levels. Besides, female participants carrying the rs3761547 C allele had a significantly higher Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index than the females carrying the TT genotype, while the rs3761547 C allele had the opposite effect in males. With linear‐regression moderation analysis, we found that sex moderated the impact of the FOXP3 SNP on the levels of FIB‐4, whereas the FOXP3 SNP caused the opposite effect between males and females on the severity of hepatic fibrosis. These results provide evidence for the participation of TGF‐β1 and FOXP3 in the inflammatory responses associated with viral hepatitis, where FOXP3 function may be moderated by sex.
Exposure duration modulates the response of Caribbean corals to global change stressors
Authors: Aichelman Hannah E. , Bove Colleen B. , Castillo Karl D. , Boulton Jessica M. , Knowlton Alyssa C. , Nieves Olivia C. , Ries Justin B. , Davies Sarah W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlobal change, including rising temperatures and acidification, threatens corals globally. Although bleaching events reveal fine‐scale patterns of resilience, traits enabling persistence under global change remain elusive. We conducted a 95‐d controlled‐laboratory experiment investigating how duration of exposure to warming (~28, 31°C), acidification (pCO2 ~ 343 [present day], ~663 [end of century], ~3109 [extreme] μatm), and their combination influences physiology of reef‐building corals (Siderastrea siderea, Pseudodiploria strigosa) from two reef zones on the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. Every 30 d, net calcification rate, host protein and carbohydrate, chlorophyll a, and symbiont density were quantified for the same coral individual to characterize acclimation potential under global change. Coral physiologies of the two species were differentially affected by stressors and exposure duration was found to modulate these responses. Siderastrea siderea exhibited resistance to end of century pCO2 and temperature stress, but calcification was negatively affected by extreme pCO2. However, S. siderea calcification rates remained positive after 95 d of extreme pCO2 conditions, suggesting acclimation. In contrast, P. strigosa was more negatively influenced by elevated temperatures, which reduced most physiological parameters. An exception was nearshore P. strigosa, which maintained calcification rates under elevated temperature, suggesting local adaptation to the warmer environment of their natal reef zone. This work highlights how tracking coral physiology across various exposure durations can capture acclimatory responses to global change stressors.
The Indiana Learning Health System Initiative: Early experience developing a collaborative, regional learning health system
Authors: Schleyer Titus , Williams Linda , Gottlieb Jonathan , Weaver Christopher , Saysana Michele , Azar Jose , Sadowski Josh , Frederick Chris , Hui Siu , Kara Areeba , Ruppert Laura , Zappone Sarah , Bushey Michael , Grout Randall , Embi Peter J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionLearning health systems (LHSs) are usually created and maintained by single institutions or healthcare systems. The Indiana Learning Health System Initiative (ILHSI) is a new multi‐institutional, collaborative regional LHS initiative led by the Regenstrief Institute (RI) and developed in partnership with five additional organizations: two Indiana‐based health systems, two schools at Indiana University, and our state‐wide health information exchange. We report our experiences and lessons learned during the initial 2‐year phase of developing and implementing the ILHSI.MethodsThe initial goals of the ILHSI were to instantiate the concept, establish partnerships, and perform LHS pilot projects to inform expansion. We established shared governance and technical capabilities, conducted a literature review‐based and regional environmental scan, and convened key stakeholders to iteratively identify focus areas, and select and implement six initial joint projects.ResultsThe ILHSI successfully collaborated with its partner organizations to establish a foundational governance structure, set goals and strategies, and prioritize projects and training activities. We developed and deployed strategies to effectively use health system and regional HIE infrastructure and minimize information silos, a frequent challenge for multi‐organizational LHSs. Successful projects were diverse and included deploying a Fast Healthcare Interoperability Standards (FHIR)‐based tool across emergency departments state‐wide, analyzing free‐text elements of cross‐hospital surveys, and developing models to provide clinical decision support based on clinical and social determinants of health. We also experienced organizational challenges, including changes in key leadership personnel and varying levels of engagement with health system partners, which impacted initial ILHSI efforts and structures. Reflecting on these early experiences, we identified lessons learned and next steps.ConclusionsMulti‐organizational LHSs can be challenging to develop but present the opportunity to leverage learning across multiple organizations and systems to benefit the general population. Attention to governance decisions, shared goal setting and monitoring, and careful selection of projects are important for early success.
Corrosion‐resistant and friction‐reducing performance of super‐hydrophobic coating on hot‐dip galvanised steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution
Authors: Cao Lei , Wan Yong , Li Yang , Yang Shuyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCorrosion‐resistant and tribological performance of hot‐dipped galvanised steel (HDGS) in highly aggressive coastal and marine environments needs improvement. In this paper, the super‐hydrophobic coating with a contact angle of 150° and a sliding angle of <10° is fabricated on HDGS by a simple method that includes self‐assembly of stearic acid on oxidised HDGS. SEM and XRD are used to characterise the morphology and phase structure of the oxidised HDGS, respectively. Infrared microscopy is used to investigate the chemical bonding mode of stearic acid on the oxidised HDGS. It is found that super‐hydrophobic coating provides effective corrosion resistance for HDGS in a 3.5% NaCl solution. It also shows a lower friction coefficient with wear protection in a 3.5% NaCl solution, as compared with the bare HDGS.
In2S3‐Polymer Hybrid Gels Derived from In(III) Metal–Organic Gels for Dye Adsorption, Photodegradation, and Bacteria Removal
Authors: Li Botian , Zhou Xue , Yan Bo , Li Yingchao , Ye Haimu , Huang Guoyong , Zhou Qiong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrently, the treatment of wastewater that contains organic dyes and bacteria attracts a considerable amount of attention, and the fabrication of photoinduced catalytic materials to address the problem is still a challenge. In this work, indium(III) sulfide hybrid gels are prepared by in situ polymerization and sulfurization using In(III) metal–organic gels as sacrificial templates. Two In(III) metal–organic gels are fabricated by the coordination interaction between multitopic pyridyl ligands and indium ions, where the assembled structure of the gel templates can be tuned by employing different multitopic ligands to obtain the networks of nanofibers and nanoparticles. After templated fabrication, the resulting In2S3‐polymer hybrid gels show improved mechanical strength, and can be used as novel photocatalysts for the photodegradation of organic dyes, such as rhodamine B and methylene blue, and efficient adsorbents for the adsorption of anionic dyes, such as Congo red. Experiments that involve pure and mixed bacteria demonstrate the bacteria‐removing activities of the hybrid gels due to their electrostatic adsorption and photoinduced sterilization of the bacteria. Therefore, this new kind of hybrid gel might have potential applications in the photoinduced purification of water by scavenging organic dyes and bacteria in the aqueous phase.
A single‐center retrospective comparison of Duplex ultrasonography versus audible Doppler regarding anterolateral thigh perforator flap harvest and operative times
Authors: Thomas Benjamin , Haug Valentin , Falkner Florian , Arras Christian , Nagel Sarah S. , Boecker Arne , Schmidt Volker J. , Kneser Ulrich , Bigdeli Amir K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe reported on the superiority of preoperative Duplex mapping (“Duplex”) over audible Dopplers (“Doppler”) in anterolateral thigh perforator (ALT) free flaps for upper extremity reconstruction. To corroborate our findings on a larger cohort, we conducted this present study focusing on surgical efficiency and patient safety.Methods150 consecutive ALT free flaps were divided into 65 cases of preoperative Duplex versus 85 Doppler controls. We first compared patient demographics, operative details, and defect and flap characteristics. We then assessed group differences in the number and course of perforators pursued intraoperatively, flap harvest and operative times, and donor‐site complications. Additionally, the impact of the training level of the primary microsurgeon was evaluated.ResultsCases and controls were comparable regarding age (p = .48), sex (p = .81), ASA class (p = .48), and BMI (p = .90). Duplex was associated with an increased likelihood of raising flaps on one single dominant perforator of purely septal course and significant reductions of flap harvest (68 ± 10 min, p < .0001) and operative times (74 ± 16 min, p < .0001), regardless of the experience of the primary microsurgeon. There were strong negative linear correlations between preoperative Duplex and both the flap harvest and operative times (p < .0001). Additionally, while there was no effect on the emergency take‐back rate (OR = 1.3, p = .60), revisions were significantly less likely among duplexed patients (OR = 0.15, p = .04).ConclusionsPreoperative Duplex is associated with a significant reduction in ALT free flap harvest and overall operative times, as well as donor‐site revisions as opposed to Doppler planning, regardless of the training level of the primary microsurgeon.
A low‐cost dual‐mode differentially‐fed patch antenna based on SISL platform with out‐of‐band suppression
Authors: Luo Yu , Yin Tianjie , Yan Ningning , An Wenxing , Ma Kaixue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA dual‐mode differentially‐fed patch antenna is proposed with out‐of‐band suppression based on substrate‐integrated suspended line (SISL) platform. Taking advantage of the air cavity in the SISL platform, the antenna is with two resonant modes for enhanced bandwidth. One mode is TM01 of the patch and the other one is the TE102 mode of the air cavity. A radiation null is also introduced by the air cavity at the upper band and result in out‐of‐band suppression. To verify the proposed design, a prototype is fabricated and measured. Measurements agree well with the simulations. In the band of 4.73–4.98 GHz, the reflection coefficients are less than −10 dB, which is for the Sub 6 GHz band for the 5G communication. Besides, the efficiency of the antenna is 80% with the low‐cost substrate of FR4.
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration Values of Oxytetracycline for Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Warmwater Fishes
Authors: Gaunt Patricia S. , Gao Dana , Hawke John P. , Griffin Matt J. , Ware Cynthia , Endris Richard G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The in vitro susceptibility to oxytetracycline (OTC) was determined through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing of 10 field isolates from each of seven fish pathogens: Edwardsiella ictaluri, E. piscicida, E. tarda, Flavobacterium columnare, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus iniae, and S. agalactiae. Bacteria from each species were cultured, diluted, dispensed into 96-well microdilution plates, and incubated at 28°C. The MIC results were read at 48 h for all species except A. hydrophila, for which results were read at 24 h. The MIC ranges of OTC (μg/mL) for these bacteria were as follows: 0.5–64.0 for E. ictaluri; 0.5 to over 64.0 for E. piscicida; 0.5 to ≥64.0 for E. tarda; less than 0.12 (all) for F. columnare; 0.25 (all) for A. hydrophila; 0.5–16.0 for S. iniae; and 0.5–2.0 for S. agalactiae. Escherichia coli isolate ATCC 25922 was used as the MIC quality control throughout testing, and MIC values were within limits established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Although there are no CLSI-published or other standardized epidemiological cutoff values for these fish pathogens, the isolates with MIC values less than 1.0 μg/mL were deemed susceptible to OTC based on the locally established susceptibility ranges at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University. In the present study, 100% of A. hydrophila and F. columnare isolates; 80–90% of E. ictaluri, E. piscicida, and E. tarda isolates; 50% of S. iniae isolates; and 80% of S. agalactiae isolates were considered susceptible to OTC (MIC &lt; 1.0 μg/mL).