bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Retrieved Hydroxyapatite Coated Orthopaedic Implants
Authors: Gross K.A. , Ben-Nissan B. , Walsh W.R. , Swarts E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings are used to improve the adhesion of bone onto implanted devices. This approach increases the integrity and hence the lifetime of the implant. Several orthopaedic appliances (HA coated and macrotextured) were recovered from patients after revision surgery. The implants were cleaned and sterilised in ethanol or formaldehyde before being photographed and sectioned for analysis. X-ray diffraction indicated that the remaining coating was of high crystallinity. Micro textured areas such as ribbings and fenestrations subjected the coating to different modes of stress which has affected the coating. Adhesive failure was evident on implants attributed to dissolution of the amorphous phase at the interface. Observation of the microstructure with scanning electron microscopy showed that coating degradation begins at the surface where the coating is resorbed and continues along the substrate-coating interface thereby compromising interface strength. The microstructure and the dissolution of retrieved implants are discussed in relation to the general coating features in plasma sprayed HA coatings.
Three decades of progress from surgery to medical therapy for isolated neuroaxis BRAF V600E–positive Langerhans cell histiocytosis management: illustrative case
Authors: Muthiah Nallammai , Nowicki Kamil W. , Picarsic Jennifer L. , D’Angelo Michael P. , Marker Daniel F. , Andrews Edward G. , Monaco Edward A. , Niranjan Ajay 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
“Langerhans cell histiocytosis” (LCH) is a term that encompasses single-system or multisystem disorders traditionally characterized by a proliferation of clonal CD1a+/CD207+ myeloid-derived histiocytes. In most cases of LCH, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway somatic mutations lead to near universal upregulation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression. The clinical manifestations of LCH are numerous, but bone involvement is common. Intracranial lesions, especially as isolated manifestations, are rare.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors presented the case of a long-term survivor of exclusive intracranial LCH that manifested with isolated craniofacial bone and intraparenchymal central nervous system recurrences, which were managed with 3 decades of multimodal therapy. The patient was initially diagnosed with LCH at age 2 years, and the authors documented the manifestations of disease and treatment for 36 years. Most of the patient’s treatment course occurred before the discovery of BRAF V600E. Treatments initially consisted of chemotherapy, radiosurgery, and open resections for granulomatous LCH lesions. Into young adulthood, the patient had a minimal disease burden but still required additional radiosurgical procedures and open resections.

LESSONS
Surgical treatments alleviated the patient’s immediate symptoms and allowed for tumor burden control. However, surgical interventions did not cure the underlying, aggressive disease. In the current era, access to systemic MAPK inhibitor therapy for histiocytic lesions may offer improved outcomes.
Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma associated with a compromised blood–brain barrier: patient series
Authors: Prince Eric W. , Hoffman Lindsey M. , Vijmasi Trinka , Dorris Kathleen , McWilliams Jennifer A. , Jordan Kimberly R. , Mirsky David M. , Hankinson Todd C. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is a highly morbid adult and pediatric brain tumor derived from epithelial remnants of the craniopharyngeal canal (Rathke’s pouch), which gives rise to the anterior pituitary gland. Standard therapy includes maximal safe resection with or without radiation therapy. Systemic antitumor therapy remains elusive. Immune-related paracrine signaling involving the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) may contribute to ACP pathogenesis. Tocilizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against IL-6R, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration but does not cross an intact blood–brain barrier.

OBSERVATIONS
In a phase 0 trial design, a single dose of tocilizumab was delivered intravenously before clinically indicated surgical intervention in 3 children with ACP. The presence of tocilizumab was assayed in plasma, tumor tissue, tumor cyst fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid (n = 1) using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tocilizumab reached ACP tumor tissue and/or cyst fluid after one systemic dose in every patient.

LESSONS
This finding helps explain extant data that indicate tocilizumab may contribute to ACP therapy. It further indicates that ACP does not reside behind an intact blood–brain barrier, dramatically broadening the range of potential antitumor therapies against this tumor. This has substantial implications for the design of future clinical trials for novel therapies against ACP in both children and adults.
Realização de oficinas acadêmicas pelo grupo PET Odontologia: Um relato de experiência
Authors: Fernandes Maria Eduarda , Pagliosa Eduarda Letícia , Cardoso Luisa Gonçalves , Colombo Júnior Maicom , Neme Gabriela Steckel , Molina Laura Moretto , Vasconcelos Camila Fernanda , Henschel Flávia Akemi Nakayama , Petyk Weslley Souza , Kamikawa Daniela Suemi , Ricken Carla Militão , Takahashi Renata Yumi , Garcia Leonardo Galvão da Silva , Andrade Mariana Podadeiro de , Shimada Ana Flávia Borges , Ceron Letícia Caselato , Manholer Ana Elisa de Carvalho , Morais Carlos Alberto Herrero de 
Published: May 2021

O Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET) do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), elabora oficinas acadêmicas com conteúdos multidisciplinares, buscando enriquecer a formação da graduação. Assim, proporciona uma forma de ensino, que envolve todos os participantes em tarefas e atividades, favorecendo o espaço de discussão e trocas de saberes. Portanto, a finalidade do presente trabalho é relatar a experiência da oficina acadêmica do grupo PET Odontologia UEM. As oficinas são organizadas pelos próprios petianos, nas quais são realizadas palestras/workshops sobre alguns temas previamente decididos em reunião administrativa com os integrantes e o tutor do grupo. Foram realizadas quatro edições, e em cada uma delas, foram abordados dois temas, separando um dia para cada temática. Dentre elas estão: a formatação de painéis, PowerPoint, resumos, oratória, confecção e desenvolvimento de planilhas, como administrar melhor o tempo, regras básicas da câmera fotográfica para o clínico e noções básicas de photoshop, comunicação básica em libras e organização do currículo lattes. As oficinas foram ministradas aos graduandos previamente inscritos, que levaram os materiais necessários para a realização das tarefas. Ao final dos eventos, foram distribuídas avaliações a serem preenchidas pelos participantes, proporcionando um positivo feedback ao grupo. Tendo em vista os diversos benefícios que a oficina acadêmica traz para a graduação, como o estímulo ao conhecimento, é de suma importância o trabalho do grupo PET na capacitação de uma ampla formação acadêmica.
Medidas preventivas de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica
Authors: Sousa Gabriel da Costa , Santos Kelly Evenlly da Silva , Silva Lana Borges da , Mendes Jadilson Rodrigues , Viana Magda Rogéria Pereira , Cardoso Sarai de Brito 
Published: May 2021

Objetivou-se analisar as medidas de prevenção à pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica evidenciadas na literatura científica. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa. Para a elaboração da questão de pesquisa da revisão integrativa, utilizou-se a estratégia PICO. A presente pesquisa foi feita mediante busca online nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) no período de 2015 a 06/2020. Após a leitura criteriosa dos artigos, foram avaliados 19 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos. Dessa forma foram definidas as seguintes categorias após análise por similaridade dos conteúdos: Categoria I- Ações de prevenção para o enfrentamento da PAV e Categoria II- Estratégia de promoção para enfrentamento da PAV. O estudo mostra que a implementação do bundle, evidenciou ser uma importante ferramenta que deve ser incorporada diariamente na assistência, reduzindo o risco de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica que se torna uma complicação decorrente ao paciente hospitalizado.
História da equiparação do Colégio Pedro II à condição de Instituto Federal: Legislação e estrutura atual
Authors: Neves Ricardo Dias das 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo é baseado no período de 12 anos entre 2008 (ano em que a Rede Federal foi criada) e 2020. O Colégio Pedro II foi fundado em 1837, e suas atividades vão desde a educação infantil até a pós-graduação Stricto Senso. A Lei nº 11.892 de 2008 criou os Instituto Federais, e sua redação foi atualizada pela Lei nº 12.677 de 2012, para incluir o Colégio Pedro II na Rede Federal de Educação Científica, Profissional e Tecnológica. A Lei 12.677/12 conservou a denominação tradicional “Colégio Pedro II”, equiparando-o, contudo, à condição de Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. Este artigo enfoca os aspectos legais desta equiparação, explicando conceitos jurídicos e comentando os principais dispositivos da legislação pertinente. Além de integrar o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, esta legislação também contribuiu para a edificação da história do Colégio Pedro II e da educação profissional no Brasil.
Pembenahan Lingkungan dan Pembuatan Bangunan yang Sehat, Kuat dan Nyaman di RW 10 Kelurahan Cawang
Authors: Hutabarat Lolom Evalita , Tambunan Efendy , Simanjuntak Pinondang , Purnomo Candra Christanti 
Published: May 2021

Penataan sistem Drainase dan Lingkungan di wilayah pemukiman pada penduduk yang ada di kota madya Jakarta Timur merupakan suatu kebutuhan yang sangat mendesak. Terlebih di masa pandemic COVID-19 yang telah berlangsung selama lebih dari 1 tahun, pembenahan lingkungan yang bersih, nyaman dan asri adalah salah satu cara untuk memutuskan mata rantai penyebaran penyakit tersebut. Keterbatasan lahan untuk zona hijau ataupun infrastrukur drainase dan trotoar jalan tentunya membutuhkan perencanaan secara optimal sesuai kriteria teknis sesuai standar yang ada untuk mendapatkan lingkungan perumahan yang sehat, aman dan nyaman bagi setiap penghuni. Untuk itu Program Studi Teknik Sipil UKI sebagai bagian dari masyarakat akademik yang berada di wilayah Kelurahan Cawang melalui Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat terlibat dalam memberikan pembekalan teknis dalam rangka penataan lingkungan dan hunian yang memenuhi standar di kawasan seperti ini.
Relationships between Mean, Median and Mode
Authors: Putranti Sri Rejeki Dwi 
Published: May 2021

Statistics as an analysis technique can not only be used to make descriptions, but also to make estimates and generalizations. To be able to know and deepen knowledge about statistics, knowledge of research methodology must be possessed. In this study will discuss the arithmetic mean, median and mode for single data and group data, and the related relationship between arithmetic mean, median and mode. So it will be proved that the mode plus the average of the count is equal to three times the median.
Keywords: mean; median; mode
Composite Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism Undergoing Medical Versus Surgical Treatment: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huang Wei-Chieh , Chen Ying-Ying , Lin Yen-Hung , Chueh Jeff S. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundSuperior outcomes after surgical treatment over medical treatment for primary aldosteronism (PA) has been reported in small-scale clinical studies, but no solid conclusion has been drawn as results of large randomized trials are lacking.MethodsWe performed a search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library for randomized or observational studies that investigated cardiovascular outcomes in patients with PA undergoing medical versus surgical treatment. Meta-analyses of both composite and individual outcomes were conducted. Risks of bias of the included studies were assessed with Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) checklist. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to control the risk of random errors and assess whether the results in our meta-analysis were conclusive.ResultsA total of 12 studies, including a total of 6148 PA patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The results of meta-analyses demonstrated lower incidence of composite cardiovascular outcomes among PA patients who underwent surgical treatment over medical treatment (odds ratio (OR): 0.49). Surgical treatment also led to less incidence of persistence of hypertension (OR of non-cure hypertension: 0.31). Fewer major cardiovascular events and mortality events were observed (OR: 0.60) after surgical treatment. TSA result showed that the required information size was 2151 and the cumulative Z curve crossed the futility boundary and reached the required information size.ConclusionSuperior performance of surgical treatment over medical treatment is confirmed with meta-analyses in terms of lower incidences of composite cardiovascular outcomes and non-cure of hypertension. Hence, adrenalectomy could now be concluded as the treatment of choice for lateralized PA.
Copy Number Variations Analysis Identifies QPRT as a Candidate Gene Associated With Susceptibility for Solitary Functioning Kidney
Authors: Zhou Xiao Y. , Zheng Hao Y. , Han Li , Wang Yan , Zhang Li , Shu Xiao M. , Zhang Mu L. , Liu Guan N. , Ding Lian S. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe lack of understanding of molecular pathologies of the solitary functioning kidney makes improving and strengthening the continuity of care between pediatric and adult nephrological patients difficult. Copy number variations (CNVs) account for a molecular cause of solitary functioning kidney, but characterization of the pathogenic genes remains challenging.MethodsIn our prospective cohort study, 99 fetuses clinically diagnosed with a solitary functioning kidney were enrolled and evaluated using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). The genetic drivers for the pathogenic CNVs were analyzed. We characterized QPRT localization in fetal kidneys using immunohistochemistry and its expression in adult kidneys using quantitative RT-PCR. Further, QPRT was knocked down using siRNA in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells, and the cell cycle and proliferation were tested.ResultsBesides one Triple X syndrome and one Down syndrome, we identified a total of 45 CNVs out of 34 subjects. Among the 14 pathogenic CNVs, CNV 16p11.2 reached the highest number of records with the phenotype of kidney anomalies in the Decipher database. Among the 26 genes within the 16p11.2 region, as a key enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis, QPRT was distinctly localized in renal tubules but was barely observed in renal interstitial and glomeruli in fetal kidneys. The loss of QPRT prevented cells’ efficient transition into S phase, affected cell-cycle progression, and abrogated proliferation of human embryonic kidney cells.ConclusionOur data suggest that QPRT is a candidate gene associated with susceptibility for solitary functioning kidney. The CNVs discovered in our study exhibit great potential for future applications in genetic counseling and pregnancy management.
CXCL1 Regulated by miR-302e Is Involved in Cell Viability and Motility of Colorectal Cancer via Inhibiting JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Biyin , Song Li , Nie Xiuzhen , Lin Fangfeng , Yu Zongyang , Kong Wencui , Qi Xiaoyan , Wang Wenwu 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis study made a systemic description for the CXCL1-dependent regulatory mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsBioinformatics methods were applied to obtain target mRNA CXCL1 and corresponding upstream miRNA. qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to measure the levels of CXCL1 and miR-302e in CRC tissue and cells. Experiments including CCK-8, wound healing assay, Transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry were conducted to assess cell biological behaviors. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was carried out for verification of the targeting relationship between CXCL1 and miR-302e. The inhibitor AG490 of JAK-STAT signaling pathway was used to identify the functional mechanism of CXCL1/JAK-STAT underlying progression of CRC, and tumor xenograft experiments were performed for further validation.ResultsCXCL1 was highly expressed in CRC tissue and cells, while miR-302e was poorly expressed. Silencing CXCL1 or overexpressing miR-302e could lead to inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, invasion but promotion of cell apoptosis of CRC. Besides, CXCL1 was identified as a direct target of miR-302e, and CXCL1 could reverse the effect of miR-302e on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Furthermore, CXCL1 functioned on CRC cell biological behaviors via activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway.ConclusionCXCL1 could be regulated by miR-302e to inactivate JAK-STAT signaling pathway, in turn affecting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of CRC. Our result provides a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
Downregulation of lncRNA XR_429159.1 Linked to Brain Metastasis in Patients With Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Ji , Jing Wang , Jia Wenxiao , Zhai Xiaoyang , Zhu Hui , Yu Jinming 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify aberrant long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and explore the predictive value of lncRNA expression patterns on the risk of brain metastases (BMs) in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).Patients and Methods: We executed an array of lncRNA and mRNA chip assays to examine the expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from SCLC patients with BMs and compared the expression patterns against those from patients without BMs to identify lncRNAs associated with BMs. Validation was performed against clinical data to further confirm the relationship between lncRNAs and BM. Kaplan–Meier analysis was applied to estimate the cumulative incidence of BMs, and differences between the groups were analyzed using the log-rank test.Results: The expression of 67 lncRNAs (27 upregulated and 40 downregulated) and 47 mRNAs (20 upregulated and 27 downregulated) was significantly different between the BM and non-BM groups (fold change ≥ 2.0, p-value ≤ 0.05), based on the lncRNA and mRNA chip assays. Four lncRNAs were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to confirm the accuracy of the microarray data, and the results of 11 patient pairs (11 patients with BM and 11 patients without BM) revealed that low LncRNA XR_429159.1 expression was a high-risk factor for BM. Further clinical data showed that the incidence of BM among 25 patients with low-level LncRNA XR_429159.1 expression was 31% at 1 year, compared with 14.3% among the 18 patients with high-level LncRNA XR_429159.1 expression (p = 0.035).Conclusion: Our present study identified the low-level expression of lncRNA XR_429159.1 as a high-risk factor among BM in patients with limited-stage SCLC. LncRNA XR_429159.1 is a critical molecule that regulates SCLC metastasis, involved in the neuroepithelial transforming gene 1 (NET1) pathway, and serum levels of this lncRNA are significantly associated with the risk of BM.
Differentiating TP53 Mutation Status in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Using Multiparametric MRI-Derived Radiomics
Authors: Gao Jing , Chen Xiahan , Li Xudong , Miao Fei , Fang Weihuan , Li Biao , Qian Xiaohua , Lin Xiaozhu 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesThis study assessed the preoperative prediction of TP53 status based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) radiomics extracted from two-dimensional (2D) and 3D images.Methods57 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent preoperative MRI were included. The diagnosis and TP53 gene test were based on resections. Of the 57 patients included 37 mutated TP53 genes and the remaining 20 had wild-type TP53 genes. Two radiologists performed manual tumour segmentation on seven different MRI image acquisition sequences per patient, including multi-phase [pre-contrast, late arterial phase (ap), portal venous phase, and delayed phase] dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) T1-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). PyRadiomics-package was used to generate 558 two-dimensional (2D) and 994 three-dimensional (3D) image features. Models were constructed by support vector machine (SVM) for differentiating TP53 status and DX score method were used for feature selection. The evaluation of the model performance included area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.ResultsThe 3D ADC-ap-DWI-T2WI model with 11 selected features yielded the best performance for differentiating TP53 status, with accuracy = 0.91 and AUC = 0.96. The model showed the good calibration. The decision curve analysis indicated that the radiomics model had clinical utility.ConclusionsA non-invasive and quantitative mpMRI-based radiomics model can accurately predict TP53 mutation status in pancreatic cancer patients and contribute to the precision treatment.
Long-Acting Metformin Vs. Metformin Immediate Release in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tan Jixue , Wang Yang , Liu Song , Shi Qingyang , Zhou Xu , Zhou Yiling , Yang Xiaoling , Chen Pingshan , Li Sheyu 
Published: May 2021

Background: Metformin, a commonly used antidiabetic medication, is available in both an immediate-release (IR) formulation and a long-acting formulation (metformin extended-release; XR).Objective: We performed a systematic review to compare the effectiveness, safety, and patient compliance and satisfaction between the metformin IR and XR formulations.Method: We searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing the effectiveness, safety, or patient compliance and satisfaction of metformin XR with metformin IR using the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Following report screening, data collection, and risk of bias assessment, we separately pooled data from RCTs and observational studies using the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to rate the quality of evidence.Result: We included five RCTs, comprising a total of 1,662 patients, and one observational study, comprising 10,909 patients. In the meta-analyses, no differences were identified in outcomes of effectiveness and safety between the two forms of metformin (including change in HbA1c: mean difference (MD), 0.04%, 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.05–0.13%, fasting blood glucose: MD, −0.03 mmol/L, 95% CI, −0.22–0.15 mmol/L, postprandial blood glucose: MD, 0.50 mmol/L, 95% CI, −0.71–1.72 mmol/L, adverse events of abdominal pain: relative risk (RR), 1.15, 95% CI, 0.57–2.33, all-cause death (RR, 3.02, 95% CI 0.12–73.85), any adverse events (RR, 1.14, 95% CI 0.97–1.34), any adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation: RR, 1.51, 95% CI, 0.82–2.8, any gastrointestinal adverse events: RR, 1.09, 95% CI, 0.93–1.29, diarrhea: RR, 0.82, 95% CI, 0.53–1.27, flatulence: RR, 0.43, 95% CI, 0.15–1.23, nausea: RR, 0.97, 95% CI, 0.64–1.47, severe adverse events: RR, 0.64, 95% CI, 0.28–1.42, and vomiting: RR, 1.46, 95% CI, 0.6–3.56). Data from both the RCTs and the observational study indicate mildly superior patient compliance with metformin XR use compared with metformin IR use; this result was attributable to the preference for once-daily administration with metformin XR.Conclusion: Our systematic review indicates that metformin XR and IR formulations have similar effectiveness and safety, but that metformin XR is associated with improved compliance to treatment.