bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of vitamin D in hair loss: A short review
Authors: Saini Kriteeka , Mysore Venkataram 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D, a vitamin and hormone, plays an important role in dermatology and dermatotherapeutics, due to its anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and regulation of keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. It also affects the hair cycle, and its role in hair loss is under constant research.ObjectivesThis review aims to give a brief overview of vitamin D biology within the hair follicle, role in the etiopathogenesis, and rationale for supplementation in various alopecias.MethodsA PubMed literature search was performed to review relevant current literature and studies investigating the role of vitamin D in the etiopathogenesis, as a supplement and a potential therapeutic modality in hair loss.Results and ConclusionVitamin D is intricately involved in various signaling pathways of growth and differentiation of hair follicles. Most studies show an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D levels and non‐scarring alopecias such as telogen effluvium, androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, and trichotillomania. Vitamin D deficiency is also associated with scarring alopecia. However, conclusive studies to demonstrate the benefit of vitamin D administration in correcting hair loss and managing these conditions are lacking. Hence, further studies are needed before vitamin D can be routinely recommended as a treatment modality in these conditions.
Effect of an ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) root extract on climacteric symptoms in women during perimenopause: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Gopal Sriram , Ajgaonkar Ashutosh , Kanchi Padmaja , Kaundinya Aditi , Thakare Vaishali , Chauhan Sanjaya , Langade Deepak 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPerimenopause is the period during which many physiological changes mark the transition into the final menstrual period of a woman and these changes are associated with climacteric symptoms.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of an Ashwagandha root extract on the climacteric symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and hormonal parameters in perimenopausal women.Materials and MethodsIn this 8‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, 100 women with climacteric symptoms were randomly allocated to take either a placebo or 300 mg of an Ashwagandha root extract twice daily. Outcomes were measured using the menopause rating scale (MRS), menopause‐specific QoL (MENQoL), hot flash score, and hormonal changes in estradiol, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone.ResultsAmong 100 participants enrolled, 91 participants completed the study. In comparison with the placebo, ashwagandha supplementation was associated with a statistically significant reduction in total MRS score (p < 0.0001), reflected by significant reductions in the psychological (p = 0.0003), somato‐vegetative (p = 0.0152), and urogenital (p < 0.0001) domains. Ashwagandha intake demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in total MENQoL scores (p < 0.0001) and was also associated with a statistically significant increase in serum estradiol (p < 0.0001) and a significant reduction in serum FSH (p < 0.0001) and serum LH (p < 0.05) compared with the placebo. There was no significant between the group differences in the serum testosterone level.ConclusionThese findings suggest that ashwagandha root extract can be a safe and effective option to relieve mild to moderate climacteric symptoms during perimenopause in women.
Impacts of Re:MIX—A School‐Based Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program Incorporating Young Parent Coeducators
Authors: Manlove Jennifer , Welti Kate , Whitfield Brooke , Faccio Bianca , Finocharo Jane , Ciaravino Samantha 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDLatinx adolescents are at increased risk of teen pregnancy. This study evaluates the impact of Re:MIX, a comprehensive sexuality education program cofacilitated by professional health educators paired with young parent educators implemented with primarily Latinx youth in Texas.METHODSA cluster randomized trial was conducted with students in grades 8‐10 in 57 classrooms across three schools. Students completed baseline, post‐test, and long‐term follow‐up surveys to determine the impact of the program on behavioral outcomes—sexual experience and unprotected sex—and on mediating factors including intentions, attitudes, knowledge, and self‐efficacy related to sexual activity and contraception.RESULTSRe:MIX was implemented with fidelity and educators were well‐received. At post‐test, compared to control students, Re:MIX students were more likely to intend to use hormonal or long‐acting contraceptive methods if they had sex, had greater reproductive health knowledge, had more confidence in their ability to ask for and give consent, and were more likely to know where to obtain contraception. Most findings were sustained at the long‐term follow‐up, but there were no impacts on behaviors.CONCLUSIONSThe implementation and impact findings highlight the promising approach of pairing young parent educators with experienced health educators for teen pregnancy prevention among Latinx students.
COVID‐19, adaptative immune response and metabolic‐associated liver disease
Authors: Miele Luca , Napodano Cecilia , Cesario Alfredo , De Magistris Antonio , Pocino Krizia , Basile Umberto , Rapaccini Gian L. , Gasbarrini Antonio , Grieco Antonio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetabolic diseases are associated with a higher risk of a severer coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) course, since fatty liver is commonly associated with metabolic disorders, fatty liver itself is considered as a major contributor to low‐grade inflammation in obesity and diabetes. Recently a comprehensive term, metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), has been proposed. The hepatic inflammatory status observed in MAFLD patients is amplified in presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Intestinal dysbiosis is a powerful activator of inflammatory mediator production of liver macrophages. The intestinal microbiome plays a key role in MAFLD progression, which results in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Therefore, patients with metabolic disorders and COVID‐19 can have a worse outcome of COVID‐19. This literature review attempts to disentangle the mechanistic link of MAFLD from COVID‐19 complexity and to improve knowledge on its pathophysiology.
Interaction between flucloxacillin and azoles: Is isavuconazole next?
Authors: Van Daele Ruth , Wauters Joost , Vandenbriele Christophe , Lagrou Katrien , Vos Robin , Debaveye Yves , Spriet Isabel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIsavuconazole is a triazole antifungal drug, approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. It has been previously reported that an interaction between flucloxacillin and voriconazole may lead to subtherapeutic voriconazole exposure, when used concomitantly. Since isavuconazole is also metabolised via cytochrome P450 enzymes, the same interaction may be expected.ObjectivesWe aim to document exposure to isavuconazole in patients concomitantly treated with flucloxacillin.PatientsWe report two patients treated with both isavuconazole and flucloxacillin, in whom we determined isavuconazole concentrations.ResultsLow isavuconazole trough concentrations (<1 mg/L) were observed in two patients under concomitant treatment with flucloxacillin.ConclusionsIn combination with flucloxacillin, low isavuconazole concentrations were observed but an adequate isavuconazole exposure may be reached with dose augmentation. Therapeutic drug monitoring of isavuconazole is recommended to ensure an adequate exposure.
COVID‐19 and dental workers: The Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP) survey
Authors: Nicola Discepoli , Raspini Mario , Landi Luca , Sforza Nicola , Crea Alessandro , Cavalcanti Raffaele , Cairo Francesco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the proportion of COVID‐19 infections among a population of Italian Dental workers across different geographical area of Italy and to analyze the impact of both the preventive measures/strategies adopted and the psychological influences.Subjects and MethodsThe current cross‐sectional survey was administered with a web‐based form. To be eligible for the study, participants had to be 18 years and being dentists or dental hygienists members of the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP). A 23‐item questionnaire concerning positiveness to COVID‐19, clinical strategies and psychological attitude within the pandemic was administered. Sub‐group analysis was conducted according to geographical macro‐area.ResultsA total of 790 dentists and dental hygienists were included. A total of 4.7% participants developed a positive diagnosis to COVID‐19. The Northwest of Italy experienced almost double of COVID‐19‐positive participants (p < 0.05). Preoperatory mouthwashes together with natural air change/ventilation were the most frequent approaches used to prevent COVID‐19 outbreak. Positive and proactive attitudes were predominant among participants. Only a reduced proportion feels some concerns for the future.ConclusionsPrevalence of positive COVID‐19 among dental workers in Italy was double in Northwest area in comparison with the whole country proportion. Preventive strategies comprise mainly ultrasound reduction and preoperative mouthwashes.
Improving student nurses’ perspectives towards older people with an e‐learning activity: A quasi‐experimental pre‐post design
Authors: Dukes Cassidy , Dahlke Sherry , Pietrosanu Matthew , Kalogirou Maya R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite older people being the largest demographic accessing health care, nurses often lack knowledge about how to work with them and may hold ageist perceptions towards them. Previous research has identified the gaps in their education program and offered suggestions on what and how to fill those gaps in education related to older people. E‐learning activities to fill these gaps were developed.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine if nursing students’ perceptions about older people could be improved through an e‐learning activity focused on communication and understanding older people.MethodsA quasi‐experimental pre‐post design was used to test whether the understanding and communication with older people e‐learning activity improved student nurses’ perceptions about older people. A feedback survey was also analyzed using descriptive statistics to understand students’ perceptions of the learning activity.ResultsThere was a statistically significant decrease in participant's negative perceptions towards older people after completing the e‐learning activity. Participants enjoyed the activity and believed that it improved their knowledge of older people, their confidence in working with older people, and their perceptions about older people.ConclusionsThe strength of the e‐learning activity in this study is that the educator need not be an expert in order to use the activity in their course. In this way, knowledge about older people is facilitated despite the dearth of nurse educators with gerontological expertise. More research to test this activity in other universities is needed.Implications for PracticeImproved understanding and communicating with older people could improve person‐centered‐care. The flexible delivery of this learning activity could facilitate practicing nurses understanding and communication strategies if offered to them.
Subnormal short‐latency facial mimicry responses to dynamic emotional facial expressions in male adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders and callous‐unemotional traits
Authors: van Boxtel Anton , Zaalberg Ruud , de Wied Minet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing still pictures of emotional facial expressions as experimental stimuli, reduced amygdala responses or impaired recognition of basic emotions were repeatedly found in people with psychopathic traits. The amygdala also plays an important role in short‐latency facial mimicry responses. Since dynamic emotional facial expressions may have higher ecological validity than still pictures, we compared short‐latency facial mimicry responses to dynamic and static emotional expressions between adolescents with psychopathic traits and normal controls. Facial EMG responses to videos or still pictures of emotional expressions (happiness, anger, sadness, fear) were measured. Responses to 500‐ms dynamic expressions in videos, as well as the subsequent 1500‐ms phase of maximal (i.e., static) expression, were compared between male adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders and high (n = 14) or low (n = 17) callous‐unemotional (CU) traits, and normal control subjects (n = 32). Responses to still pictures were also compared between groups. EMG responses to dynamic expressions were generally significantly smaller in the high‐CU group than in the other two groups, which generally did not differ. These group differences gradually emerged during the 500‐ms stimulus presentation period but in general they were already seen a few hundred milliseconds after stimulus onset. Group differences were absent during the 1500‐ms phase of maximal expression and during exposure to still pictures. Subnormal short‐latency mimicry responses to dynamic emotional facial expressions in the high‐CU group might have negative consequences for understanding emotional facial expressions of others during daily life when human facial interactions are primarily dynamic.
Higher dimensional generalization of the Benjamin‐Ono equation: 2D case
Authors: Riaño Oscar , Roudenko Svetlana , Yang Kai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider a higher‐dimensional version of the Benjamin‐Ono (HBO) equation in the 2D setting: , which is ‐critical, and investigate properties of solutions both analytically and numerically. For a generalized equation (fractional 2D gKdV) after deriving the Pohozaev identities, we obtain nonexistence conditions for solitary wave solutions, then prove uniform bounds in the energy space or conditional global existence, and investigate the radiation region, a specific wedge in the negative ‐direction. We then introduce our numerical approach in a general context, and apply it to obtain the ground state solution in the 2D critical HBO equation, then show that its mass is a threshold for global versus finite time existing solutions, which is typical in the focusing (mass‐)critical dispersive equations. We also observe that globally existing solutions tend to disperse completely into the radiation in this nonlocal equation. The blow‐up solutions travel in the positive ‐direction with the rescaled ground state profile while also radiating dispersive oscillations into the radiative wedge. We conclude with examples of different interactions of two solitary wave solutions, including weak and strong interactions.
Initial experimental experience of triple‐knockout pig red blood cells as potential sources for transfusion in alloimmunized patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Yamamoto Takayuki , Bikhet Mohamed H. , Marques Marisa B. , Nguyen Huy Q. , Cui Yehua , Javed Mariyam , Raza Syed Sikandar , Ayares David , Iwase Hayato , Cooper David K. C. , Hara Hidetaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlood transfusion remains important in the treatment of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, alloimmunization after blood transfusion is associated with patient morbidity and mortality. Triple‐knockout (TKO) pigs (i.e., pigs in which the three known xenoantigens to which humans have anti‐pig antibodies have been deleted) may be an alternative source of RBCs for these patients because many humans have no preformed antibodies to TKO pig RBCs (pRBCs).Methods and materialsIn an in vitro study, plasma from alloimmunized (n = 12) or non‐alloimmunized (n = 12) SCD patients was used to determine IgM/IgG binding to, and CDC of, TKO pRBCs. In an in vivo study, after an estimated 25% of blood volume was withdrawn from two capuchin monkeys, CFSE‐labeled TKO pRBCs were transfused. Loss of TKO pRBCs was monitored by flow cytometry, and 7 weeks later, 25% of blood was withdrawn, and CFSE‐labeled monkey RBCs were transfused.ResultsThe in vitro study demonstrated that plasma from neither alloimmunized nor non‐alloimmunized SCD patients bound IgM/IgG to, or induced CDC of, TKO pRBCs. In the in vivo study, survival of TKO pRBCs in the two capuchin monkeys was of 5 and 7 days, respectively, whereas after allotransfusion, survival was >28 days.ConclusionsIn conclusion, (1) in the present limited study, no antibodies were detected that cross‐reacted with TKO pRBCs, and (2) TKO pigs may possibly be an alternate source of RBCs in an emergency if no human RBCs are available.
Clinical, advanced imaging data and outcome of inflammatory and neoplastic orbital disease in 81 dogs and 16 cats in Australia (2010–2019)
Authors: Coall Sarah M. , Premont Johana E. , Flatz Katharina , Hindley Kate , Groth Allyson , Billson Francis M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the clinical presentation, advanced imaging features, and outcome of orbital disease in a referral population of dogs and cats that underwent computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Animals studiedClient‐owned animals.ProceduresAnimals referred for orbital disease undergoing ophthalmic examination and either head MRI or CT were included. Demographic and imaging features were compared between animals diagnosed with inflammatory disease and neoplastic disease using Mann‐Whitney U and Fischer's exact tests.ResultsNinety‐seven animals (81 dogs and 16 cats) were included. Eighty‐four and 13 patients underwent CT and MRI scanning, respectively. Inflammatory orbital disease was more frequently detected than neoplasia in dogs (59% vs. 41%) and cats (62% vs. 39%). Orbital cellulitis was the most common diagnosis in dogs (36/81, 44.4%) and cats (8/16, 80%). A foreign body was suspected in 36.1% of dogs with orbital cellulitis but only 3 were retrieved during orbitotomy. Multi‐drug resistant bacteria were identified in 3 samples and influenced treatment plans. The most common neoplasms were sarcoma (10/30) and carcinoma (7/30) in dogs and lymphoma in cats (3/6). Imaging findings of osteolysis (p = 0.0002) and intracranial extension (p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with neoplasia in dogs. In contrast, osteolysis extension was present in cats with both inflammatory (7/10) and neoplastic (6/6) orbital disease.ConclusionsInflammatory disease, particularly orbital cellulitis, was more common than neoplasia in dogs and cats with orbital disease in our population. We recommend including bacterial culture and susceptibility as part of the diagnostic work up when orbital cellulitis is suspected.
An extensive review on sustainable developments of dry and near-dry electrical discharge machining processes
Authors: Boopathi Sampath 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is very essential unconventional electro-thermal machining process to machine the contour profile of hard materials in modern production industries. The liquid dielectric fluid has been replaced by the gas and minimum quantity of liquid mixed with gas (gas-mist) to encourage the green machining processes. The various gases and gas-mist have been used as the working fluid in dry and near-dry EDM respectively. The research-contextual, various dielectric fluids, sustainable and innovative developments, process parameters, machining characteristics, and optimization techniques applied in various dry and near-dry EDM have been illustrated through an extensive literature survey. Future research opportunities in both dry and near-dry EDM have been summarized to promote eco-friendly EDM research activities.
Investigation of Ultrasonically Welded Thermoplastic Composite Joints Using Netlike Energy Directors
Authors: Wang Kaifeng , Wang Xue , Yi Miran , Li Yang , Li Jingjing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a netlike energy director (ED) made of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRP) composites for ultrasonic welding. To explore the benefits of using netlike EDs, the joint qualities with flat EDs and without EDs are included for references. The influence of the netlike ED geometry on weld attributes and joint quality are investigated in terms of joint cross-sectional microstructure, fracture morphology, and maximum shear load. It is found that for both netlike and flat EDs, the welding process can be accelerated compared with the one without EDs, caused by the concentration of welding energy into the expected welding region and the avoidance of welding edges introduced by surface curvature. Meanwhile, the maximum shear loads of the joints with netlike EDs are higher than those with flat EDs, because of the decrease of the contact area and consequent higher cyclic strain, resulting in more melted materials during the ultrasonic welding process. However, with the increasing of the netlike ED thickness, more porosities are generated in the welding layer leading to reduced bonded region and decrease of the maximum shear load. From the joint fracture morphology analysis, it is found that the netlike EDs introduce carbon fibers in the welding layer, and the fracture modes include fiber-matrix debonding and fiber pull-out in addition to polymer fracture, confirming the feasibility of improving joint quality by introducing CFRP netlike EDs.
Deep Visible and Thermal Camera-based Optimal Semantic Segmentation using Semantic Forecasting
Authors: John Vijay , Mita Seiichi , Lakshmanan Annamalai , Boyali Ali , Thompson Simon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Visible camera-based semantic segmentation and semantic forecasting are important perception tasks in autonomous driving. In semantic segmentation, the current frame's pixel level labels are estimated using the current visible frame. In semantic forecasting, the future frame's pixel-level labels are predicted using the current and the past visible frames and pixel-level labels. While reporting state-of-the-art accuracy, both of these tasks are limited by the visible camera's susceptibility to varying illumination, adverse weather conditions, sunlight and headlight glare etc. In this work, we propose to address these limitations using the deep sensor fusion of the visible and the thermal camera. The proposed sensor fusion framework performs both semantic forecasting as well as an optimal semantic segmentation within a multi-step iterative framework. In the first or forecasting step, the framework predicts the semantic map for the next frame. The predicted semantic map is updated in the second step, when the next visible and thermal frame is observed. The updated semantic map is considered as the optimal semantic map for the given visible-thermal frame. The semantic map forecasting and updating are iteratively performed over time. The estimated semantic maps contain the pedestrian behavior, the free space and the pedestrian crossing labels. The pedestrian behavior is categorized based on their spatial, motion and dynamic orientation information. The proposed framework is validated using the public KAIST dataset. A detailed comparative analysis and ablation study is performed using pixel-level classification and IOU error metrics. The results show that the proposed framework can not only accurately forecast the semantic segmentation map but also accurately update them.