bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hazard-aware adaptations bridge the generalization gap in large language models: a nationwide study
Authors: Wu Julie , Conover Sydney , Su Chloe , Corrigan June , Culnan John , Liu Yuhan , Kelley Michael , Do Nhan , Arya Shipra , Sox-Harris Alex , Langlotz Curtis , Weiner Renda , Branch-Elliman Westyn , Han Summer , Fillmore Nathanael 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDespite growing excitement in deploying large language models (LLMs) for healthcare, most machine learning studies show success on the same few limited public data sources. It is unclear if and how most results generalize to real-world clinical settings. To measure this gap and shorten it, we analyzed protected notes from over 100 Veterans Affairs (VA) sites, focusing on extracting smoking history—a persistent and clinically impactful problem in natural language processing (NLP). Here we applied adaptation techniques to an LLM over two institutional datasets, a popular public dataset (MIMIC-III) and our VA one, across five smoking history NLP tasks of varying complexity. We demonstrate that adapted prompts, engineered to address observed errors, achieve better generalizability across institutions compared to zero-shot prompts. We analyzed 2,955 notes and LLM outputs to codify errors in a hazard framework, identifying whether error frequency differences between institutions stemmed from generalization failures or inherent data differences. While overall accuracy with the adapted prompt was similar between institutions (macro-F1=0.86 in VA, 0.85 in MIMIC), hazard distributions varied significantly. In some cases, a dataset had more errors in a specific category due to a higher prevalence of the associated hazard, such as templated information in VA notes (padj=0.004). However, when task-specific requirements conflicted with pre-trained model behavior, errors in the untrained institution were more frequent despite similar hazard prevalence (padj=0.007), showing a limit of LLM generalizability. As a potential clinical application, our adapted LLM system identified lung cancer screening eligibility in 59% of Veterans who later developed the disease, compared to 8% with current national VA tools. Our results demonstrate LLM generalizability on real-world, national patient data while identifying hazards to address for improved performance and broader applicability.
Imidacloprid decreases the total energy production in western honeybees even though, in sublethal doses, it increased the values of six of the nine compounds in the respiratory and citric cycle
Authors: Paleolog Jerzy , Wilde Jerzy , Gancarz Marek , Strachecka Aneta 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNeonicotinoids, including imidacloprid, harmApis melliferain a number of ways, among others by impairing body maintenance and immunity. Energy resources are important to prevent this, particularly, as we hypothesized, in the fat body tissue. But hormesis (adaptative, diaphasic response to a stressor) was also reported in the energy-dependent traits of bees exposed to sublethal doses of imidacloprid. Consequently, concentrations/activities of respiratory and citric cycle compounds (Acetyl-CoA, IMH-2, AKG, succinate, fumarate, NADH2, CoC, COX, and ATP) were compared in the hemolymph and fat bodies of honeybees fed with diets containing 200 ppb (IM-200), 5 ppb (IM-5; sublethal), and 0 ppb of ID. The values of the compounds were higher in the fat body than in the hemolymph, where the variability was higher in hemolymph. The pattern of response to ID was the same in both tissues, but differed between IM-200 and IM-5. The concentrations of the strongly correlated NADH2, ATP and acetyl-CoA decreased both in ID-200 and ID-5, whereas the levels of the remaining compounds decreased in ID-200 but increased in ID-5. Decreased ATP levels in each diet show that the pesticide impairs the fat-body energy metabolism in spite of hormesis in six of the nine respiratory and citric cycle compounds even in the low, residual doses. We believe that sublethal doses of imidacloprid decrease energy demands, as they decreased the levels of ATP, and acetyl-CoA.
Influence of the ATP-dependent DNA ligase, Lig E, onNeisseria gonorrhoeaemicrocolony and biofilm formation
Authors: Pan Jolyn , Albarrak Abdullah , Hicks Joanna , Williams David , Williamson Adele 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundNeisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection, gonorrhoea, is known to form biofilms rich in extracellular DNA on human cervical cells. Biofilm formation is conducive to increased antimicrobial resistance and evasion of the host immune system, potentially causing asymptomatic infections. Using plate-based assays we have previously shown that disruption of a potential extracellular DNA ligase, Lig E, inN. gonorrhoeae(Ngo-Lig E) impacts biofilm formation. In this research, we further explored this phenotype using confocal and scanning electron microscopy to directly visualise the morphology of microcolony and biofilm formation. Biofilm growth on artificial surfaces and on 3-dimensional human vaginal epithelial tissue was evaluated for strains wherengo-lig Ewas either disrupted or overexpressed.ResultsResults demonstrated that Ngo-Lig E was important for the formation of robust, compactN. gonorrhoeaemicrocolonies, as well as extensive biofilms on artificial surfaces. Thengo-lig Edeletion strain also had the highest tendency to be retained on the surface of epithelial tissues, with decreased invasion and damage to host cell layers.ConclusionsThese findings support a role for Ngo-Lig E to be secreted fromN. gonorrhoeaecells for the purpose of inter-cell adhesion and biofilm formation. We suggest that Ngo-Lig E strengthens the extracellular matrix and hence microcolony and biofilm formation ofN. gonorrhoeaeby ligation of extracellular DNA.
Exploring contextual issues impacting delivery and performance of public sector construction projects in Tanzania
Authors: Abdallah Abdullatif , Doloi Hemanta , Holzer Dominik 
Published: February 2025

PurposeLarge-scale public sector construction projects in Tanzania face numerous interrelated issues. However, past studies have ignored the contextual environment in which these issues emerge and their intra- and inter-phase interactions. Accordingly, the present study seeks to bridge this gap by addressing three objectives, including identifying and analyzing the various contextual issues, investigating their interrelation and discussing potential management strategies.Design/methodology/approachA two-staged exploratory sequential mixed-method approach was adopted, employing semi-structured interviews followed by questionnaire survey. 45 experts participated in the interviews, while 41 experts participated in the survey. For the qualitative analysis, inductive thematic analysis was adopted to identify key issues and their interrelations. For the quantitative analysis, the issues were ranked using relative importance index (RII). Finally, the findings of the quantitative and qualitative analyses were triangulated to distill the findings into a set of recommendations in the form of a management strategy framework.FindingsFor both the inception and planning and design phase, the findings revealed that the most important issues were client-related issues that impacted time and finances. For the procurement phase, key issue was concerning the lowest bidder policy. For the execution phase, delayed payments and consequently financial issues were the primary issues. Finally, for the handover phase, late payment along with additional requirements raised by consultants were major issues. In summary, the present study demonstrated that issues emerging at early phases had far-reaching implications on the performance of the projects.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the present study is the sample size of respondents for the questionnaire survey. However, this limitation was offset by the extensive interviews conducted in the field.Practical implicationsIt is envisioned that the findings of the present study will sensitize public sector construction stakeholders and policymakers to the contemporary issues experienced at various lifecycle phases of the projects.Originality/valueThe present study identified issues not previously mentioned in the literature and developed a construction lifecycle management strategy framework for addressing the contextual issues.
Tors, moors and ponies: a case study of stakeholders’ perspectives on mindfulness and sustainability at a nature-based tourism destination in the UK
Authors: Vozar Elif 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis study explores stakeholders’ perspectives on sustainability at a nature-based tourism destination in the UK, approached through the lens of socio-cognitive mindfulness theory. Specifically, this study attempts to find out how stakeholders work with special qualities of place to engage with visitors to contribute to their level of mindfulness.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a qualitative exploratory research design using semi-structured interviews that were conducted with 19 stakeholders associated with key authorities, businesses and charities in Dartmoor National Park. Thematic analysis of the semi-structured interviews with the key stakeholders is included. Nvivo was employed to categorize the complex process.FindingsSeveral crucial findings emerged. Stakeholders revealed how Dartmoor’s special qualities, visitor control, novelty, and connecting with visitors, not only contributed to local and business development but also promoted mindfulness and sustainable practices. Businesses, organisations, administrative bodies and charities work closely with each other to protect both nature and local communities in the area. However, they are faced with some existing challenges relating to a lack of information.Originality/valueThis study offers an original and innovative application of mindfulness theory to the consideration of supply-side perspectives on sustainability in visitor–environment relations. In doing so, the research provides new insights into these relationships that can help to promote positive engagement with natural settings.
Hazy returns: does air pollution affect cryptocurrencies?
Authors: Singh Anirudh , Chakraborty Madhumita 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
This study aims to examine whether rising air pollution impacts cryptocurrency returns across different categories.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses panel regression to investigate the impact of air pollution on cryptocurrencies between January 2014 and June 2023. Cryptocurrency prices are sourced from www.coinmarketcap.com. Air quality is measured using the air quality index (AQI) values provided by the World Air Quality Index Project. Generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators for dynamic panel regression have also been used to control for endogeneity concerns.

Findings
High AQI levels are observed to negatively affect cryptocurrency returns. This impact remains absent during good air quality and for cryptocurrencies with lower energy consumption like stablecoins, clean energy and health cryptocurrencies, supporting the argument that rising air pollution leads to lower returns for cryptocurrencies more prone to damaging the environment.

Practical implications
The findings of this study could offer investors valuable insights in formulating more efficient cryptocurrency trading strategies. It also demonstrates how environmental variables influence the performance of volatile assets like cryptocurrencies. The presence of lower returns for currencies perceived as damaging to the environment could put the focus on promoting sustainability in the production of such digital currencies.

Originality/value
No prior study has investigated the influence of AQI on cryptocurrency returns. This study aims to focus on the behavioral aspect of financial decision-making. As cryptocurrency adoption rates rise across the globe, the findings of this study can provide useful insights to cryptocurrency traders.
Industry Spillover Effect of Hedge Fund Activism on Organizational Exploitation and Exploration
Authors: Xiao Fenglong , Shen Yinjie (Victor) 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHedge fund activism has become a prominent organizational phenomenon that attracts increasing scholarly interest. To advance our understanding of the spillover effect of this phenomenon, this study develops a theory on the industry‐wide spillover effects of hedge fund activism on non‐targeted firms’ focus on exploration vis‐à‐vis exploitation in technological innovation activities. In the empirical context of US‐listed chemical firms from 2000 to 2015, we find that non‐targeted firms exhibit a lower level of exploration relative to exploitation following hedge fund activism against their industry peers. Moreover, the industry spillover effect of hedge fund activism increases with the target firm's media coverage and decreases with the focal non‐targeted firm's financial performance. These results support our theory and highlight the potential dark side of hedge fund activism on exploratory innovations in firms even if they are not directly targeted.
Diapause hormone receptor affects larval growth and embryonic development in the multivoltine strain of Bombyx mori
Authors: Jing Wenhui , Gao Yun , Li Yinghui , Jin Yue , Zhou Yanyan , Xu Yusong , Wang Huabing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDiapause is a programmed developmental arrest process in insects. Diapause can occur at various stages of insect development and is frequently restricted to a specific developmental stage within a single species. In Bombyx mori, embryonic diapause is elicited by the diapause hormone (DH) and DH receptor (DHR) in diapause strains. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism through which BmDHR functions as a G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR), to exert other physiological functions in nondiapause silkworms, remains unclear. In this study, we found that BmDHR had 7 alternative splice isoforms. A knockout experiment confirmed that BmDHR mediated the transduction of diapause signals. Interestingly, the loss of BmDHR caused partial precocious metamorphosis and an embryo‐lethal phenotype in nondiapause silkworms. An assessment of global transcriptional patterns revealed that BmDHR knockout affected physiological responses induced by manifold cellular processes, including the Toll/immune deficiency (Imd), Wnt, insulin‐like growth factor, Hedgehog and P38/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. This study expands our knowledge of the physiological roles for DHR in insect growth and development.
Microstructure of mixed κ‐ and ι‐carrageenan gels viewed by rheology and solid‐state NMR
Authors: Hu Bingjie , Descallar Faith Bernadette A. , Matsukawa Shingo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPure and mixed κ‐ and ι‐carrageenan (CR) were studied by rheology and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (SSNMR), combining bulk viscoelasticity and microscopic local molecular conformational information for understanding the morphological arrangement of the microstructure of gel network. Independent formation of double helices of κ‐ or ι‐CR was confirmed by rheological data, and two possible models, microphase separation and interpenetrating network (IPN), were also proposed. The cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) measurements by SSNMR for mixed gels showed the “new peak” at 95.4 ppm, which was supposed to be mainly composed of concentrated κ‐CR chains in phase separation model or the κ‐CR with changed conformation due to dense interlacing in the IPN model, in both of which the co‐aggregates of κ‐ and ι‐helices may also be incorporated. The molecular dynamic of anomeric carbon of anhydrogalactopyranose (A1‐C) region was evaluated by variable contact time (VCT) measurements via fitting for the deconvolution generated “new peak,” pure κ‐CR at 93.9 ppm and ι‐CR 91.8 ppm. The obtained T1ρ described the degree of homogeneity over a few nanometers and was therefore used to calculate the scale of homogeneity of mixture CR gels to be 1–3 nm. SSNMR was testified to be a practical method for research on multiphase hydrocolloids.
Why “Energy Price Brakes” Encourage Moral Hazard, Raise Energy Prices, and Reinforce Energy Savings
Authors: Dertwinkel‐Kalt Markus , Wey Christian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo help households and firms with exploding energy costs in the aftermath of the Ukraine war, a new policy called the “energy price brake” was implemented. A unique feature of this relief measure is that it provides a transfer that increases in the consumer's contractual per‐unit price of energy. In a formal model, we show that this policy creates incentives for moral hazard of energy providers to raise per‐unit prices. Whereas this moral hazard problem increases the policy's fiscal costs, it also reinforces energy savings. Whether the policy's main beneficiaries are consumers or firms depends on the market structure.
Linking relative suitability to probability of occurrence in presence‐only species distribution models: Implications for global change projections
Authors: Smith Jeffrey R. , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Our ecological understanding of how biodiversity will respond to global change is to a large extent based on projections from presence‐only species distribution models. Despite the incredible utility of these models, we know that the predictions they generate can be heavily influenced by user decisions about model structure or parameter choices. Here, we test how the function used to convert relative suitability to probably of occurrence in presence‐only species distributions models can affect predictions of both the magnitude and location of biodiversity change.

We used MaxEnt models to create maps of relative suitability for 354 avian species under both current climate conditions and climate conditions in the year 1981. In a back‐casting analysis we tested how well three functions relating relative suitability to probably of occurrence perform in recovering observed changes in range size: (1) a logistic curve with informed, species‐specific, prevalence values, (2) the default logistic curve, or (3) a commonly used statistical threshold. We then quantified the implications of these functions for projections of species' future range shifts with climate change.

We found that using either the default logistic function or a common threshold function for habitat suitability tends to (1) estimate larger effects of past climate change on species range size than observed in the time‐series data, (2) inflate projections of how much future climate change will impact species range size and (3) potentially misidentify the locations of greatest range expansion or contraction. We further provide a mathematical basis for these biases, suggesting their general applicability to other systems.

Last, we show that these biases can be avoided by analysing proportional rather than absolute changes in range with climate change, and by abandoning the use of habitat suitability thresholds. Incorporating these practices can facilitate a more predictive use of species distribution models when forecasting the response of biodiversity to global change.
International Consensus Definition of ‘Sport & Exercise’ in Toddlers and Young Children, Children, and Adolescents
Authors: Davis Gavin A. , Anderson Nicholas , Babl Franz E. , Ballard Dustin W. , Barlow Karen M. , Barrett Michael J. , Beauchamp Miriam H. , Borland Meredith L. , Bressan Silvia , Crowe Louise , Chong Shu‐Ling , Corwin Daniel J. , Dalziel Stuart R. , Emery Carolyn A. , Fauteux‐Lamarre Emmanuelle , Gioia Gerard A. , Haarbauer‐Krupa Juliet , Kirkwood Michael W. , Löllgen Ruth Mari Caroline , Master Christina L. , McKinlay Audrey , Olver John , Mintegi Santiago , Pavlicich Viviana , Purcell Laura , Raman Radhika , Rino Pedro , Suskauer Stacy J. , Shavit Itai , Tavender Emma J. , van Ierssel Jacqueline , Yeates Keith Owen , Zuckerman Scott L. , Anderson Vicki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe study aim was to develop an age‐appropriate definition of sport and exercise in children and adolescents for use in concussion research and management.MethodsA modified Delphi methodology, with three rounds and consensus defined a priori as ≥ 80% agreement.ResultsThirty‐one participants (13 male, 18 female) from 13 countries, including clinical psychologists, epidemiologists, implementation scientists, neurologists, neuropsychologists, neurosurgeons, paediatric emergency physicians, paediatricians, physiotherapists, rehabilitation physicians, speech‐language pathologists, and sports medicine physicians came to a consensus that sport‐related paediatric concussion extends beyond the sporting arena, and includes the school yard, playground, park, street, recreational site, and home; excludes non‐accidental violence, assault, and passenger vehicle road trauma; may include falls; and age‐group terminology includes Toddlers and Young Children (1–4 years), Children (5–12 years), and Adolescents (13 to < 18 years). Sport and exercise categories and individual examples are provided.ConclusionsThis consensus definition of sport and exercise in paediatrics for concussion research and management will enable researchers and guideline development groups to expand paediatric concussion research and management guidelines to encompass the broad range of activities commonly associated with sport‐ and exercise‐related concussion in children and adolescents and thus limit exclusion of relevant studies from systematic reviews and guideline development.
TREM2 activation reduces white matter injury via PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3β signalling after intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Shi You , Wang Lin , Li Zhao , Wang Yingwen , Yan Jin , Sun Xiaochuan , Luo Qing , Li Lin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundWhite matter injury (WMI) considerably exacerbates the prognosis following intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). While the triggering receptor on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is recognized for its neuroprotective roles in a range of neurological disorders through the modulation of neuroinflammation, phagocytosis, promoting cell survival, its specific function in WMI after ICH has yet to be fully elucidated.MethodsThis study involved inducing ICH in mice through autologous blood injection. Neurological functions were tested via behavioural assessments and electrophysiological recordings. WMI was examined using immunofluorescence, Luxol fast blue staining, MRI and transmission electron microscopy. Microglia were isolated and analysed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microglia depletion was achieved with PLX3397, primary cultures of microglia and oligodendrocytes were investigated.ResultsThe activation of TREM2 resulted in improved neurological outcomes after ICH, correlated with reduced WMI, demonstrated by decreased white matter loss in the corpus striatum, reduced damage to the nodes of Ranvier, and better preservation of myelin and white matter tract integrity. These neuroprotective effects were attributed to changes in microglial states mediated via the PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3β signalling pathway. However, the neuroprotective advantages conferred by TREM2 activation were negated in TREM2 KO mice, either through microglia depletion or inhibition of PI3K.ConclusionsThis research is the first to illustrate that TREM2 activation mitigates WMI following ICH through a microglia‐dependent mechanism involving the PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3β pathway. TREM2 represents a potential therapeutic target for ICH.