bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does Governance Impact Malnutrition ? A Close Look at Factors Associated with Underweight in Children Under 5 Years in Ghana
Authors: Woode George Graves , Birner Regina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Undernutrition remains a barrier to achieving the sustainable development goals in most developing countries. The United Nations identified that, the right mix of policies and actions that addresses the numerous, interrelated causes of hunger and undernutrition will be able to achieve Zero Hunger thereby ending hunger and undernutrition . In Ghana, 11% of all children under the age of 5years are underweight. Nutrition programs are traditionally funded through the government of Ghana budgetary allocations, to pay salaries and for the supply of logistics, and training. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of human resource capacity and budgetary expenditure on nutrition program outcomes for children under five years using in-depth interviews, anthropometric data on age and weight and data on nutrition human resource and expenditure in three regions from 2014 to 2017 in Ghana. The paper finds using linear mixed effects modeling that human and financial resources are not significant predictors of underweight besides, there are externalities in the implementation of nutrition programs for children under 5years due to poor targeting and information asymmetries, resulting in excludability in consumption of nutrition services, therefore nutrition programs may not be well-coordinated, and implemented pointing to government failure. Mother support groups contributed in reducing undernutrition in children under 5years through the cultivation and consumption of nutrition-sensitive agriculture value chain products .
Development of a Multi-professional and multi-agency Model, PLUSS (mental health, learning, development, collaboration around pre-school children), to Facilitate Early Detection and Support of Pre-School Children with Neurodevelopmental Difficulties in the Swedish Child Health Care – A Description of the Model and Initial Results
Authors: Gustafsson Berit M. , Steinwall Samina , Korhonen Laura 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Neurodevelopmental difficulties are frequent in preschoolers and constitute a risk for later negative consequences. This article describes the development of a multi-professional and multi-agency model, PLUSS, to facilitate care and interventions for preschoolers with neurodevelopmental difficulties. Methods: The PLUSS-model was developed for children aged 1.5-5 years with a need for a further assessment of neurodevelopmental symptoms. The model is evaluated using a quasi-experimental study design along with qualitative interviews. Outcomes of interest are a) implementation, b) effectiveness related to processes and multi-agency collaboration, c) capacity building among professionals, d) child-related outcomes with a longitudinal follow-up as well as d) parental wellbeing and satisfaction. Results: The model was launched in 2019 and so far, approximately 130 children have been assessed. Results from a pilot study with 62 children (27-72 months; boys: girls 2.65:1) show, using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), that the included children have clinically significant problems. The total mean SDQ score in parental rating was 15 +/- 6 and in preschool teacher ratings 14 +/- 7, exceeding the Swedish cut-off of 12. 54 parents have participated in parental training and rate high levels of satisfaction (mean score 4.5, max 5.0). In addition, 74 pre-school professionals have been trained in early signs of neurodevelopmental difficulties to facilitate early detection. Feedback from these educational activities is encouraging (mean score 4.2, max 5.0). Conclusions: The PLUSS-model enables early detection and interventions for preschool children and their families, without a set diagnosis. The pilot study shows that the screening procedure can detect children with clinically significant problems. In addition, encouraging results have been obtained from both parent- and preschool teacher training. The longitudinal study approach enables both child follow-up and evaluation of interventions provided by the working model. Trial registration: Clinical Trials 2021, PLUSS identifier, NCT04815889. First registration 25/03/2021.
Apigenin Acts as Anti-inflammatory Compound through Reducing IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-induced Inflammation; in-vivo Study
Authors: Jamshidi Sanaz , Sofiabadi Mohammad , Eslami Mina , Foroughi Farshad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Consumption of herbal flavonoids instead of chemical drugs has increased in recent years due to fewer side effects and affordability. In this study, the effect of apigenin was investigated on inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in male rat's serum by measuring the pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.Methods: 90 male Wistar rats weighing 200 ±2 grams were used and divided into control, sham (solvent), and positive control (dexamethasone 15 mg/kg. ip), and 3 experimental groups which received 5, 15 or 30 mg/kg of apigenin, intraperitoneally. In 30 minutes after interventions, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [30 μg/kg. ip] was injected. Then, at 4, 12- and 24-hour intervals, rats were anesthetized, and blood samples were prepared intracardially. Samples were centrifuged, and serums were separated and stored at -80 ° C. Measurement of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were conducted by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 19.Results: Pre-injection of apigenin at 5 mg/kg dosage were reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels at 24-hours after LPS injection, compared to control (for both P <0.05). Pre-injection of 15 mg/kg of apigenin was reduced IL-6 level at 24-hours after LPS injection (P <0.05). Pre-injection of 30 mg/kg of apigenin were reduced TNF-α level at 4- (P <0.05), 12- (P <0.01) and 24- (P <0.01) hours, IL-1β level at 24-hours (P <0.01), and IL-6 level at 4- (P <0.05) and 24- (P <0.01) hours after LPS injection.Conclusions: Apigenin reduces proinflammatory cytokines in serum in acute inflammation induction. This impact is close to the dexamethasone effect as an anti-inflammatory steroid drug.
Adding Value of Chest CT Images to a Personalized Prognostic Model in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Yuan-Cheng , Huang Shan , Yu Qian , Meng Xiangpan , Xie Jianfeng , Yang Yi , Ju Shenghong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical disease in the intensive care unit (ICU) with high morbidity and mortality. The accuracy for predicting outcomes of ARDS patients with mechanical ventilation is limited, and most predicting model are based on clinical information. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of chest CT images in ARDS patients with mechanical ventilation and develop an outperformed predictive model.Methods: The patients diagnosed with ARDS between January 2014 and June 2019 were retrospectively recruited. Clinical information, ventilation parameters, primary causes, illness severity, and chest CT images were collected. Radiomics features were extracted from the levels of the upper, middle, and lower lungs, and were further screened according to the primary outcome (28-day mortality after ARDS onset). Radiomics Scores for each level were computed. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to figure out risk factors. Various predictive models were constructed and compared.Results: Of 366 ARDS patients recruited in this study, 276 (median age, 64 years [interquartile range, 54–75 years]; 208 male) survive on the Day 28. Among all factors, the APACHE Ⅱ Score (OR, 2.607, 95% CI: 1.896-3.584, P < 0.001), the Radiomics_Score of the middle lung (OR, 2.230, 95% CI: 1.387-3.583, P = 0.01), the Radiomics_Score of the lower lung (OR, 1.633, 95% CI: 1.143-2.333, P = 0.01) was associated with the 28-day mortality. The clinical_radiomics predictive model (AUC, 0.813, 95% CI: 0.767-0.850) show the best performance compared with the clinical model (AUC, 0.758, 95% CI: 0.710-0.802), the radiomics model (AUC, 0.692, 95% CI: 0.641-0.739) and the various ventilator parameter-based models (highest AUC, 0.773, 95% CI: 0.726-0.815).Conclusions: The radiomics features of chest CT images have incremental values in predicting the 28-day mortality in ARDS patients with mechanical ventilation. These results help to build a personalized prognostic prediction model and to stratify high-risk patients.
Evaluate the drying of food waste using cabinet dryer
Authors: khaloahmadi Ahmad , Borghei Ali Mohammad , roustpoor Omid Reza 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose

In order to reduce leachate from food waste; a food waste dryer with a conventional tray was built, and drying of food waste was investigated.
Methods

Power of 2.7 kW was used as the heat source, and a centrifugal fan with an air volume of 1300 m3/h, 2800 rpm, and 110 pa was used. The experiments were performed at three temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C and three air velocities of 1, 1.5, and 2 m/s with a thickness of 3 cm. A conventional tray was used for drying. The Drying kinetics, effective moisture diffusivity, activation energy, and dryer energy consumption during drying of food waste were obtained.
Result

The minimum drying process was occurred in temperature of 70°C and air velocity of 2 m/s at the 120 min, and the maximum drying process was happened in temperature of 50°C and air velocity of 1 m/s at the 890 min. The energy consumption of drying process had the lowest value at 70°C of temperature and 2 m/s of inlet air velocity. The highest energy consumption value was related to temperature of 50°C and velocity of 1m/s. Effective moisture diffusivity of waste food during the drying process was in the range of 2.74×10− 9-3.65×10− 8 m2/s. The values of energy of activation were determined between 21.596 and 64 KJ/mol.
Conclusion

Cabinet dryer with a conventional tray can be used for drying food waste in the shortest time with low energy consumption.
Diagnostic Capability of Pupillary Dilation Reflex to Measure Pain In The Critical Analgosedated Patient
Authors: de Abera Yolanda Lopez de Audicana Jimenez , Cueva Ana Vallejo De la , Cortajarena Nerea Aretxabala , Rodero Amaia Quintano , Nuñez Cesar Rodriguez , Gaspar Pedro María Pelegrin , Garcia Zuriñe Itsaso Gil , Fernandez Alejandra Azahara Margüello , Cilla Laura Aparicio , Diez Naiara Parraza 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Pain continues to be an underdiagnosed problem. Objective tools are needed for its assessment. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance, validity and reliability of the pupillary dilation reflex (PDR) against the Behavioural Pain Scale (BPS) to assess pain in patients under light-moderate sedation.Methods: A study of diagnostic tests using PDR versus BPS as a reference test was performed. The patients were recruited from the Intensive Care Units of the Araba University Hospital and were consecutively admitted. They were older than 18 years, under intravenous analgosedation, mechanically ventilated and had a BPS score of three and a Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) score between -1 and -4. The responses to a non-painful (NP) stimulus, 10 mA, 20 mA, 30 mA and 40 mA stimuli, and was assessed with the BPS and PDR. PDR measurements were performed with an Algican® pupilometer. Pain was considered to be present at BPS≥4. The receiver operating curve (ROC) was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. We identified the cut-off points showing the highest sensitivity and specificity. Diagnostic performance was studied based on the Youden index, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), accuracy, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NPC) of each of them. They are presented with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Thirty-one patients were included and 183 measurements were performed. 49 (27%) measurements showed a painful response according to the BPS. We obtained an AUC of 0.885 (95% CI 0.830-0.940). The PDR value with the best diagnostic efficacy was 11.5%, which had a sensitivity of 89.8% (95% CI 78.2-95.6) and a specificity of 78.4% (95% CI 70.6-84.5) with an accuracy of 81.4 (75.2-86.4). The agreement between BPS and PDR had a kappa index of 0.6. Conclusions: Pupillometry could be a valid alternative for identifying pain in analgosedated critical patients. Trial registrationPhase 1 of the project PUPIPAIN ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04078113
Risk Factors for Large-Volume Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Fan , Zhou Tian-han , Pan Ting , Lu Kai-ning , Ni Ye-qin , Zhao Ling-qian , Jiang Ke-cheng , Luo Ding-cun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background We defined large-volume lymph node metastasis (L-VLNM) as more than five lymph node metastases (LNMs) or any lymph node with a diameter of 2 mm or greater in any case of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). This study investigated risk factors for the development of L-VLNM in PTC with meta-analysis.Methods Articles published until July 2021 on clinicopathological factors of L-VLNM in PTC were searched in electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Embase, Cochrane, Wanfang Data and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)) to identify studies based on predefined criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14.0. The outcomes were clinical and pathologic factors for L-VLNM, and the individual and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each outcome were analysed by fixed-/random-effects models. Egger’s test was used to assess publication bias in the publications. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD 42020213831).Results Twelve studies included 10806 patients in total. Meta-analysis revealed that an increased risk of L-VLNM was associated with male sex (OR=2.20, 95% CI=1.63–2.97, P<0.001), age<45 years (OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.36–4.02, P<0.001), tumour diameter>1 cm (OR=3.99, 95% CI=3.45–4.62, P<0.001), extrathyroidal extension (OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.90–2.82, P<0.001), capsule invasion (OR=3.62, 95% CI=1.44–9.06, P<0.001) and multifocality (OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.47–2.77, P<0.001). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT; OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.60–1.11, P=0.03) was not associated with L-VLNM.Conclusions Male sex, age <45 years, tumour diameter >1 cm, extrathyroidal extension, capsule invasion and multifocality were risk factors for L-VLNM, HT was not a risk factor.
Primary Abdominal Cocoon with Right Intra-Abdominal Cryptorchidism: A Case Report
Authors: Jiao Jian , Li Han , Dong Kangdi , Liu Jin , Zhang Ronghua , Xiao Kun , Kong Shuai , Tian Shubo , Zhang Zheming , Shang Liang , Li Leping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary abdominal cocoon is a special peritoneal disease and easily cause misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Few cases have been reported primary abdominal cocoon with intra-abdominal cryptorchidism in the literature.Case presentation: We admitted one case of a 41-year-old male patient with primary abdominal cocoon and right intra-abdominal cryptorchidism. The main symptom of this patient was intermittent abdominal pain for more than one month, preoperative CT results showed that part of the small intestine folded into a mass, which was suspected of abdominal cocoon. Part of the small intestine was wrapped by fibrous membrane and the right testicle were observed in the abdominal cavity during the operation. Intestinal adhesion release and right cryptorchidectomy were performed successfully. Pathological results revealed that the membranous material was fibrous connective tissue with chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and no spermatogenic cells and sperm were observed in the seminiferous tubules of the testicular tissue. Conclusion: This article reports one case of primary abdominal cocoon with right intra-abdominal cryptorchidism. Primary abdominal cocoon lacks specific clinical manifestations, part of patients may have cryptorchidism and the diagnosis is difficult. We should improve the understanding of primary abdominal cocoon to better save the life of patient.
Prediction of Death After Multiple Wasp Stings with a Clinical Prognostic Model
Authors: Wang Maohe , Qin Mei , Wang Amanda Y , Zhao Jia Wei , Deng Fei , Li Guisen , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: We aimed to assess the utility of the poisoning severity score (PSS) as early prognostic predictors in patients with wasp stings, and to explore a reliable and simple predictive tool for short-term outcomes.Methods: From January 2016 to December 2018, 363 patients with wasp stings in Suining Central Hospital were taken as research subjects. In the first 24h of hospital admission, the PSS and Chinese expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment of wasp stings (CECC) were used as the criterion for severity classification, and their correlation was analyzed. The patients were divided into survival and death groups according to the state of discharge. The factors that affect outcome were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. A clinical prognostic model of death was constructed according to the risk factors, and 1000 times repeated sampling was done to include the data to verify the model internally.Results: The mortality of wasp sting patients was 3.9%. There was a correlation between PSS and CECC (r=0.435, P<0.001) for severity classification. Sex, age, number of stings, and PSS were independent risk factors for death. Based on the 4 independent risk factors screened by the above regression analysis, a nomogram model was constructed to predict the risk of death in wasp sting patients. The predicted value C-index was 0.962, and the internally verified AUC was 0.962(95%C.I. 0.936-0.988, P<0.001).Conclusions: PSS is helpful in the early classification of the severity of wasp stings. Sex, age, number of stings, and PSS were independent risk factors for death in wasp sting patients. The nomogram model established in this study can accurately predict the occurrence of the risk of death.
Importance of lichen and moss litters to soil carbon storage in black spruce forests on permafrost
Authors: Fujii Kazumichi , Hayakawa Chie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims

Climate warming is predicted to increase permafrost degradation and soil carbon (C) loss, while changes in microrelief and vegetation cover can also influence soil C storage at local scale. Black spruce forests develop lichen/moss-covered organic mounds on permafrost. Recalcitrance of lichen and moss litters, as well as cold climate, is hypothesized to increase C storage in hummocky soils.
Methods

We compared the decomposition rates of lichen and moss litters, spruce root litter, and cellulose at hummocky clayey soils, non-hummocky clayey soils, and non-hummocky sandy soils in northwest Canadian subarctic.
Results

Lichen/moss-covered hummocky clayey soils display greater C stocks than non-hummocky clayey and sandy soils. Lichen and moss litters decomposed more slowly than did spruce root litter and cellulose. Recalcitrant litter inputs of lichen and moss contribute to greater C stocks of hummocky clayey soils, compared to non-hummocky clayey and sandy soils. Lower temperature dependency of lichen and moss litter decomposition, compared to vascular plant litter, suggests stronger resistance of lichen and moss litters to decomposition.
Conclusion

Permafrost degradation by climate warming would reduce hummocky microrelief covered by lichen and moss, major contributors to soil C, and decrease the high potential for C storage of black spruce forests on permafrost.
Analysis of Prognostic Relevance based on Ambulatory Vital Signs Among Pregnancy with Pulmonary Hypertension in the ICU
Authors: Liu Renhuai , Zheng Ziyu , He Chen , Lei Chong , Chen Yu , Fang Zongping , Zhang Haopeng , Lu Zhihong , Nie Huang , Liang Dongyan , Tang Jun , Ma Xiangdong , Yang Hong , Zhang Xijing , Su Binxiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The study seeks to utilise the extensively monitored data to explore the prognostic information in the continuous ambulatory vital signs of the pregnant women with pulmonary hypertension in the ICU, aiming to bring insights to physicians on evaluation and management of these specific patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study of consecutive obstetric patients with PH admitted to ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University of China, from January 2011 to May 2020. 92 cases are analysed via time-dependent Cox regression to take account of the dynamic features of vital signs. Results: Seven out of 92 maternal deaths occurred, with most maternal deaths occurring within the first three days of admission to the ICU. The vital signs for the survived are more stable and normally ranged comparing to the death. Three vital signs are identified as risk factors in the maternal in-hospital mortality model: SpO 2 (OR,0.93;95%CI,0.89-0.98), Heart rate(OR, 0.95 ; 95%CI, 0.92-0.99), Mean blood pressure(OR, 1.1 ; 95%CI, 0.98-1). The model performance is justified by the ROC curve with AUC being 0.84. Further exploration showed that the total and the longest consecutive time ratios also affect the outcome. Conclusions: Pregnancy women with PH who dead in hospital experienced long-term abnormal fluctuations in blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen during ICU stay. Both dynamic and time ratios reported impacts relating to SpO 2 , heart rate and blood pressure. In general SpO 2 mitigate the hazard. Effects of the heart rate and mean blood pressure should be described combining the time ratios of hypotension and tachycardia.
Differential expression of long noncoding RNAs in SDF-1α-induced dental pulp stem cells
Authors: xiao min , Yao Bo , Mei Xiaohan , bai yu , Wang Jueyu , Yu Qing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

SDF-1α cotreatment was shown to have synergistic effects on BMP-2-induced odontogenic differentiation of human apical dental papillary stem cells (SCAP) both in vitro and in vivo. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an important role in the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).
Methods

We examined the altered expression of lncRNAs in SDF-1α-induced odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs by lncRNA microarray and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. Alterations in lncRNA expression during odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs were identified. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis [Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and coding-noncoding gene coexpression (CNC) analysis] was conducted to predict the interactions of lncRNAs and identify core regulatory factors in SDF-1α-induced odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
Results

The microarray analysis identified 206 differentially expressed lncRNAs (134 lncRNAs with upregulated expression and 72 with downregulated expression) at 7 days post‑treatment. The data demonstrated that one lncRNA, AC080037.1, regulates SDF-1α-induced odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Our data showed that lncRNA AC080037.1 siRNA suppresses DPSCs migration and the expression of Rho GTPase induced by SDF-1α. Moreover, AC080037.1 knockdown significantly affected SDF-1α- and BMP-2-induced mineralized nodule formation and strongly suppressed Runt-related factor-2 (RUNX-2), DMP-1 and DSPP expression in DPSCs.
Conclusions
Our