bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifungal activity of extracts of Melia azedarach and Ageratum conyzoides against Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae through in vitro test
Authors: Asman Asman , Cahyani A B , Nufus A H , Rosmana A , Fakhruddin A , Natsir N U 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae is one of the pathogens of the cocoa dieback disease. Currently, the disease is considered a significant disease in cocoa, which is a newly emerging disease in Sulawesi. The control tools and methods remain unexplored comprehensively. The main objective of this study was to evaluate Melia azedarach and Ageratum conyzoides leaf extract to inhibit the growth of the L. pseudotheobromae. Three different concentrations were applied for each weed extract, namely: 1%, 3%, and 5%. The experiment was conducted through the poison food technique method both in solid medium and liquid medium. M. azedarach and A. conyzoides were significantly inhibited the colony growth of L. pseudotheobromae in all concentrations in solid medium. However, A. conyzoides 5% performed well to suppress the colony growth of L. pseudotheobromae (42.7%), followed by M. azedarach 5% (16.0%). The mycelium biomass of L. pseudotheobromae was significantly inhibited by M. azedarach and A. conyzoides as well. A. conyzoides 5% showed a higher inhibition of the fungal biomass either wet biomass (90.3%) or dry biomass (95.5%), followed by M. azedarach 5% both wet biomass (85.6%) and dry biomass (78.1%). M. azedarach and A. conyzoides remain to inhibit the colony growth and fungal biomass regardless of the type of concentrations. M. azedarach and A. conyzoides can potentially be an option for controlling dieback disease caused by L. pseudotheobromae.
Association of dominated tree species in secondary pamah forest of Ponda-Ponda Nature Reserve, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Karim Hadijah Azis , Asrianny  , Witno  , Tiara  
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Ponda-Ponda Nature Reserve is an apamah vegetation type of secondary forest belonging to a forest conservation area. The objective of this research was to gain information about tree species domination and association in the secondary pamah forest. The collecting data was conducted from December 2020 – March 2021. The primary data was obtained from direct measurements, which tree ≥ 10 cm dbh and 5 m tall censused using multiple plots (20 m × 30 m) by systematic sampling in the line transects. The line transect was placed purposively to represent the plant community. The result showed that six tree species are having high dominance with 15 combination types. The highest dominant species isNauclea orientalis, with an important index value of 18.56%. There were only two couples that had associations, such asN. orientalis & S. celebica.This pair shows a very strong or very significant association at the 5% level with a value of 4.29. While the view of P.anisophylla & S. celebicaonly had an association at the 10% level with a value of 3.60. Both of the pairs also have the high index association by Jaccard Index. The association presented that six couples had positive association and six couples had a negative association with a level of dependence ranging from low to high classification. But the others three pairs showed unidentified association types.
The influence of particle soaking in acetic acid and NaOH solutions on the quality of sandwich particleboard from raru wood and belangke bamboo
Authors: Iswanto A H , Nadeak M R , Octaviani F , Darwis A , Susilowati A , Hartono R 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs a composite product, particleboard has disadvantages related to low dimensional stability. The research purpose was to analyze the effect of immersion in acetic acid and NaOH solution on the quality of the particleboard sandwich. Sandwich particleboard (SPb) was made in a size of 25 cm length and 25 cm width. The target thickness and density are 1 cm and 0.75 g/cm3, respectively. The adhesive used was isocyanate adhesive with a content of 7%. First, The particles, which were in the form of wood shavings and bamboo strands, were soaked in a solution of acetic acid and NaOH at various concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3%). The moisture content of the particles to be made SPb was set at 7%. After evenly mixing the particles (wood shavings and bamboo strands) and the adhesive, the sheet was created. The board sheets were made into three layers, namely 40% face layer in the form of a bamboo strand, 20% core layer in the form of wood shavings, and 40% back layer in the form of the bamboo strand. The next stage was the hot pressing process at 160 °C for 5 min and 30 kg/cm2pressure. The following process was conditioning the board for seven days. Testing of quality refers to the standard JIS A5908 (2003). The results showed that the immersion of Raru wood particles in acetic acid and NaOH significantly affected the value of density, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bond. Except for the moisture content on the AA3 and NA2 boards and the internal bond value on the untreated (control) board, all of the panel properties in this study met the standard.
Community-based conservation through stakeholder collaboration in the Essential Ecosystem Area (EEA) of Kao, North Halmahera Regency
Authors: Simanjuntak Radios , Siregar Benny Aladin , Boleu Fiktor Imanuel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mangrove forest in Kao Village, North Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province, is a Key Biodiversity Area. Since 2017, the community has been protecting mangrove forests through Kao Village Regulation No.03/2007. In 2020, through the collaboration between stakeholders from universities, NGOs and the government, the Kao mangrove forest area of 300.92 Ha was designated as an Essential Ecosystem Area (EEA) based on the North Halmahera Regent Decree No.078/102/HU/2020. This study describes the biodiversity and the community-based conservation through stakeholder collaboration in the EEA of Kao. The study found that there are 13 mangrove species and 56 bird species, of which 10 are protected species. In 2020, the community has built a mangrove nursery and rehabilitated 8 ha of degraded mangrove forest with the participation of about 70 people. Since the establishment of EEA, the community has stopped hunting for eggs of the endemic moluccan scrubfowl (Eulipoa wallacei) and is trying to increase its population through semi-natural hatching on the beach. The community has also learned to use non-timber mangrove forest products and ecotourism through the support of stakeholders.
Fauna biodiversity as one of Repong Damar forest health indicators
Authors: Doria Cici , Safe’i Rahmat , Iswandaru Dian , Kaskoyo Hari 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Repong Damar Pekon Pahmungan has a diverse fauna, especially primates. Primates have great benefits for forest sustainability, because the fruit seeds ingested by primates will help spread biodiversity and forest regeneration. The presence of primates can also be an indicator of forest health. The health condition of the repong damar forest is very influential on its sustainability so that one of the health indicators that can be used is biodiversity. Biodiversity of fauna can be identified by using the FHM (Forest Health Monitoring) method to determine the diversity and condition of its health status. Repong Damar has a diversity of primate fauna, namely long-tailed monkeys and gibbons found in cluster plots 3 and 5. Based on this, Repong Damar Pekon Pahmungan has poor forest health status.
Ant colonies in Denver areas: Did they affected by extreme condition?
Authors: Aminah Sri Nur 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The basic debates in science since a few years ago related issues of environmental and climate changes. Global warming huge effects in the biodiversity around the world. The classical example, an extreme condition in summer season under the pressure of climate change has a big impact on environmental especially the presence of ant colonies in Denver Colorado, USA. We know well, ant as famous social insect, strongest organism in daily work and ability adaptable in all of the environmental changes. The purpose of the research is to study the presence of ant colonies species and the impact of the environmental in Denver areas. The research was conducted in summer season (June – July 2021) in sidewalks of student’s dorm at Denver Colorado USA. The observation focused to ant species that survived around the environment. The parameter of observations: ant colonies species and their anticipated adapted in the extreme condition. The first data observation showed the dominant ant colonies identified as Tetramorium sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). In the simple case effect of the extreme condition increasing soil temperature and humidity affected movement to another place, protecting them from sunlight exposure. There is the “natural real fact” why the diversity of organisms decreasing when they are under the pressure of their habitat changes. The conclusion of field observation was showed: the pavement ant (Tetramorium sp.) as the dominant ant in Denver areas. The ant colonies activities are strongest affected by the temperature of soil, humidity, and food availability. There is a need for effort in the management of the environment in the summer condition, such as: preparing to plant more plant production nectar and seeds around a nest of ant colonies.
Ex-Situ conservation strategy with apisilviculture systems based on Trigona incisa
Authors: Budiaman  , Yusran  , Paembonan Samuel Arung , Gautama Iswara , Yatim Hertasning 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Luwu Utara District has the potential of natural resources and other supporting potentials in the development of the local bees Trigona incisa, but until now has not been inventoried accurately so there is no data base to formulate its development strategy in order to optimize the potential use. This study aims to determine Formulating an ex-situ conservation strategy for local beekeeping in North Luwu Regency.the potential development of local bees cultivation Trigona incisa in North Luwu . The research method used is direct observation, secondary data review, semi-structured interviews, ven diagrams, braistorming and discussion with target groups. The data collected consist of primary data and secondary data. The socioeconomic data obtained, analyzed descriptively, the role data between sectors were analyzed by Ven Diagram, policy data were analyzed with Content Analysis, while the local cultivation development strategy was analyzed by SWOT Analysis. The results showed that: North Luwu Regency had considerable potential in supporting the development of Trigona incisa local bees culture, among others: government policy, socio-cultural breeders, biophysical conditions and basic skills/knowledge of mastering several apiary technologies. The formulation of local bees cultivation development strategy in North Luwu Regency covers short and long term strategy. Short-term strategies include: Strengthening potential data base, network and information of farmers community through counseling/training. While long-term strategy include: Improvement of community empowerment of farmers through counseling/training (cultivation, harvest management, processing and marketing), creation of queen bee breeding center, and training of queen making and pest and disease control techniques.
The impact of climate change and natural disasters on food security in Indonesia: lessons learned on preserving forests sustainability
Authors: Malau L R E , Darhyati A T , Suharno  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Food security is one of the main goals in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal’s (SDG’s). Food security, natural disasters, and climate change are thought to be interrelated. Climate change contributes to natural disasters such as floods, landslides, drought, land and forest fires, resulting in reduced food production, increased food prices, and disrupted access to food distribution. Ultimately, the impacts of climate change and natural disasters are one of the main causes of hunger and affect all dimensions of food security. This study aimed to analyze the impact of climate change, natural disasters, and other determinants on food security in Indonesia using the Tobit regression. The data used was from 33 provinces in 2010-2018. Climate change was proxied by rainfall, while natural disasters were proxied by the frequency of natural disasters and facility damage due to disasters. The results showed that food crop production, GRDP per capita, and the average years of schooling had a significant effect on increasing food security. Meanwhile, rainfall and deforestation had a significant effect on reducing food security. On the other hand, although not significant, the frequency and damage to facilities due to natural disasters harms food security. The results of this study confirmed the importance of preserving forest biodiversity as an effort to achieve food security as seen from the negative effects of rainfall and deforestation on food security. In this case, deforestation was one of the contributors to climate change which in turn had an impact on the intensity of natural disasters. To achieve food security for the achievement of the SDGs, policies to reduce deforestation or forest conversion need attention as one of the efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change and natural disasters.
Analysis of plant root properties, texture and porosity that affects landslides in Tangka Sub-Watershed
Authors: Afriawan A , Ahmad A , Gusli S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tangka Sub-Watershed in West Sinjai District is one of the sub-watersheds in South Sulawesi, which often experiences landslides. Factors causing landslides were divided into control factors and trigger factors. One of the triggering factors for landslides is the characteristics of soil and plant properties. Several previous research results stated that soil characteristics greatly affect the occurrence of landslides, while plant roots help stabilize soil bonds and slopes. This study aims to determine the triggering factors of the soil (soil texture and porosity) and the distribution of plant roots that affect the occurrence of landslides. Soil texture analysis using hydrometer method. Soil porosity and moisture content using gravimetric and pycnometer methods. The results showed that the soil texture was dominated by silty clay loam impact on low soil cohesion. Intensive land use decreases soil porosity to <50% and increases soil bulk density to 1.4 g/cm3. The soil quickly becomes saturated and could induce the rotting of plant roots. These characteristics increase the vulnerability of the soil, thereby increasing the potential for landslides.
Prediction of erosion and sedimentation rates using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) method in the Jenelata Sub Watershed
Authors: Wahyuni  , Soma Andang Suryana , Arsyad Usman , Sariyani Riska , Mappangaja Baharuddin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Erosion and sedimentation are problems that often occur in watershed ecosystems. The SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) can be used to determine the output of a watershed’s performance. Jenelata sub-watershed area is one of the largest sub-watersheds of the Jeneberang watershed with 22.800 ha. This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of the hydrologic response unit (HRU) and analyze the rate of erosion and sedimentation in the Jenelata sub-watershed. The results showed that most HRUs are in secondary dryland forests with 447 HRU (19.09%). The level of erosion in the very light category, namely 5.74 ton/ha/year (37.53%) and light 34.71 ton/ha/year (27.76%), was in the villages of Moncongloe, Tana Karaeng, Sicini, Paladindang, Towata, Parang Lampoa, Manuju, and Buakkang. Meanwhile, moderate erosion was 104.07 ton/ha/year (23.92%), high 289.65 ton/ha/year (9.59%), and very high 553.74 ton/ha/year (1.20%) located in the villages of Pattallikang, Mangempang, Bontomanai, Bissoloro, Rannaloe, Jenebatu, and Sapaya. The largest sedimentation is 133.18 ton/ha/year in sub-watershed17, located in Bissoloro and Rannaloe villages.
The presence of Austropuccinia psidii and the threat to Myrtaceae plantations in Indonesia
Authors: Faradilla F A , Prihatini I , Suranto  
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Austropuccinia psidii is an invasive pathogenic rust that infects the Myrtaceae family. This rust is a threat to Myrtaceae plantations around the world due to its widespread distribution. In this study, we observed the presence of A. psidii in three species of Myrtaceae, i.e. Melaleuca cajuputi, Syzygium myrtifolium, and Syzygium polyanthum planted in Yogyakarta and Sukabumi. The symptoms of infection were yellow-reddish spot in young leaves, presence of urediniospores in infected spot, foliage, and branch dieback. To confirm the presence of A. psidii on those trees, a molecular detection was performed using specific primer for A. psidii (Ppsi1/Ppsi6) on DNA samples extracted from diseased leaves. The presence of A. psidii was proved by the presence of DNA amplicon sized around 500bp in all samples collected from three different hosts. In this study, S. myrtifolium was firstly reported to be infected by this rust in Indonesia. Further study about the presence and the economic impact of this pathogen in Indonesia should be conducted. Indonesia has many species numbers of Myrtaceae and some species are important for medicines, herbs, foods, and as industrial plants. A strategy to control this pathogen should be established to avoid large economic losses in Myrtaceae plantations in Indonesia.
Prediction of erosion using the USLE method in the Malino Sub Watershed
Authors: Arsyad Usman , Soma Andang Suryana , Wahyuni  , Amalia Fahira Nurul , Nurdin Putri Fatimah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the problems that occur in the Sub DAS Malino is population growth. The increase in population in an area will increase demand to encourage the community to convert forest land into non-forest land, especially agricultural land. It has an impact on erosion and flooding during the rainy season. The amount of erosion that occurs can result in damage and a decrease in soil quality; therefore, it is necessary to predict erosion using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method. This study aims to determine the level of erosion hazard in the Malino sub-watershed, Jeneberang watershed. The data used in this study include data on land cover, rainfall, soil, and slope. The results showed that Sub DAS Malino has high erosion on the open land cover with 800.02 ton/ha/year of 0.44% area of the Sub DAS Malino.
Impact of human and environmental interactions on flooding incident in the Jeneberang River South Sulawesi
Authors: Wahid St. Khadijah Munirah , Malalassam Daud , Barkey Roland A. , Baharuddin  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Human interaction with the environment due to negative impacts. This can be seen, among others, in the interaction of the community with the environment in the Jeneberang watershed area, South Sulawesi Province, which has an impact in the form of flood events. This paper aims to determine the extent of the impact of human and environmental interactions on flooding in the area. The study was carried out through several studies and studies on human interactions and the natural environment in the Jeneberang watershed, literature studies, reviewing and concluding various journals, as well as collecting data through analysis of maps and secondary data from relevant agencies and primary data from the community as the main actors. The results of the study indicate that human interaction with the environment in the Jeneberang watershed has an impact in the form of flooding because the Jeneberang watershed management activities have not been optimally integrated, which are indicated by: 1. Watershed characteristics are not taken into account in infrastructure development. 2. There is still limited understanding of land-use communities about the characteristics of rainfall and surface runoff, as well as their relation to landslides and sedimentation, 3. The influence of mining activities on river flow narrowing and dam silting is not taken into account, and 4. The occurrence of vegetation degradation in downstream. In order to optimize flood control efforts in the Jeneberang river, it is necessary to carry out integrated management of the Jeneberang watershed by integrating all activities in all sectors. Planning for flood control and environmental conservation in general needs to really consider physical factors in the form of climate, hydrology, geology, tectonics, in addition to vegetation, management, technology, and socio-economic and cultural factors. Communities need to be motivated to continue trying to increase their income and welfare, accompanied by efforts to increase understanding and awareness of the importance of maintaining and preserving the environment, through diversifying livelihoods and utilizing natural resources and land that always prioritizes conservation aspects.
Policy analysis of customary forest governance in maintaining biodiversity in South Sulawesi
Authors: Sukarsih Sri Endang , Yusran  , Fisher Micah , Makkarennu  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Indigenous forest governance in Indonesia has contributed to maintaining biodiversity. However, the policy or better known as local wisdom on governance, is not widely known. An in-depth study is needed to reveal customary forest governance, especially in South Sulawesi. This study aims to analyze customary forest governance policies in maintaining biodiversity. Data were collected through literature study, observation, and interviews in Bulukumba and Enrekang regencies, South Sulawesi province. The data that has been obtained were analyzed by descriptive method. As a result, indigenous peoples have policies or local wisdom on customary forest management in maintaining biodiversity. Local wisdom is in the form of customary law, which is still obeyed and implemented by indigenous peoples to this day.
Test the electrical content of singi fruit (Dillenia serrata Thunb.) as a source of electrical energy
Authors: Uslinawaty Zakiah , Rosmarlinasiah  , Pujirahayu Niken , Hadjar Nurhayati , Mirdawali La 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the trees that has fruit with high acid content that has the potential to be used as an alternative energy source is the acid contained in Singi (Dillenia serrata Thunb.) fruit. Therefore, this study aims to test the ability of the singi fruit to turn on the LED lights and determine the value of voltage, current and electrical power in the fruit. This research was conducted at the Laboratory Ministry of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Halu Oleo University. In June-July 2019 using an experimental method for 5 days by measuring the acidity (pH) value of voltage, current and electric power. The results showed that the LED was on until the 5th day but the value of the electricity content tended to decrease, namely the first day with a power value of 7.533 watts and the fifth day 1.722 watts. While the acidity (pH) of the singi fruit which is decreasing over time affects the value of the electrical content contained in the solution of the singi fruit.