bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What I Wish You Knew: Insights on Burnout, Inertia, Meltdown, and Shutdown From Autistic Youth
Authors: Phung Jasmine , Penner Melanie , Pirlot Clémentine , Welch Christie 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Burnout, inertia, meltdown, and shutdown (BIMS) have been identified as important parts of some autistic people’s lives. This study builds on our previous work that offered early academic descriptions of these phenomena, based on the perspectives of autistic adults.Objectives: This study aimed to explore the unique knowledge and insights of eight autistic children and youth to extend and refine our earlier description of burnout, inertia, and meltdown, with additional exploration of shutdown. We also aimed to explore how these youth cope with these phenomena and what others around them do that make things better or worse, with a hope to glean knowledge to design better supports.Methods: One-to-one interviews were conducted with eight children and youth, who shared their experience with BIMS. To match individual communication strengths of children and youth, we took a flexible approach to interviews, allowing for augmentative communication systems and use of visual images to support verbal interviews, as needed. We conducted a reflexive, inductive thematic analysis, using an iterative process of coding, collating, reviewing, and mapping themes.Findings: Our analysis has identified that these youth describe BIMS as a multi-faceted experience involving emotional, cognitive and physical components. Moreover, these multifaceted experiences are often misunderstood by neurotypical adults, which contributes to inadequate support in managing BIMS. Of the four experiences, these youth identified meltdowns as most common.Conclusion: By gaining first-hand perspectives, we have identified novel insights into BIMS and developed a more holistic understanding of these phenomena. These youths’ descriptions of supportive strategies for BIMS stress the importance of compassion and collaboration from trusted adults. This new knowledge will provide a foundation for how to better support autistic children and youth. Further research is required to develop an understanding of BIMS, especially with respect to how it is experienced by children and youth. Future research should leverage the insights and experiential knowledge of autistic children and youth to co-design support tool(s) for BIMS.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Infectious Diseases Among Travelers Between China and Foreign Countries Before and During the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Luo Zheng , Wang Wei , Ding Yibo , Xie Jiaxin , Lu Jinhua , Xue Wen , Chen Yichen , Wang Ruiping , Li Xiaopan , Wu Lile 
Published: November 2021

Background: International travel during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic carries a certain magnitude of infection risk both to travelers and their destination, which may be difficult to assess in the early stage. The characteristics of common infectious diseases of tourists may provide some clues to identify the high-risk travelers and protect susceptible population.Methods: From among 48,444 travelers screened at Shanghai Port, we analyzed 577 travelers with 590 infectious diseases for age, sex, disease type, and World Health Organization (WHO) regions. We used the Joinpoint Regression Program to identify the average percent changes (APC) in the various trends among these individuals.Results: Hepatitis B, syphilis, and HIV were the most common infectious diseases in travelers entering China, and Hepatitis B, pulmonary tuberculosis, and syphilis in Chinese nationals traveling abroad (overall detection rates, 1.43 and 0.74%, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). Africa (2.96%), the Americas (1.68%), and the Western Pacific (1.62%) exhibited the highest detection rates. This trend did not decrease since the COVID-19 pandemic (P &gt; 0.05) and rather showed an upward trend with increasing age [APC 95% CI = 5.46 (3.41,7.56)%, P &lt; 0.05]. However, there were no evident trends in monthly infection rates of travelers exiting and entering China from different WHO regions (all P &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: Travelers always carry a transmission risk of common infectious diseases. It may be reasonable to adjust strategies for airport screening and quarantine according to the age and departure area of travelers to prevent and control new infectious diseases.
Efficacy of Intraoperative Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring During Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Guo Haixie , Hu Quanteng , Ying Yongquan , Chen Baofu 
Published: November 2021

Background: Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP), a severe complication of mini-invasive esophagectomy, usually occurs during lymphadenectomy adjacent to recurrent laryngeal nerve. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) in reducing RLNP incidence during mini-invasive esophagectomy.Methods: Systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library until June 4, 2021 was performed using the terms “(nerve monitoring) OR neuromonitoring OR neural monitoring OR recurrent laryngeal nerve AND (esophagectomy OR esophageal).” Primary outcome was postoperative RLNP incidence. Secondary outcomes were sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for IONM; complications after esophagectomy; number of dissected lymph nodes; operation time; and length of hospital stay.Results: Among 2,330 studies, five studies comprising 509 patients were eligible for final analysis. The RLNP incidence was significantly lower (odds ratio [OR] 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12–0.88, p &lt; 0.05), the number of dissected mediastinal lymph nodes was significantly higher (mean difference 4.30, 95%CI 2.75–5.85, p &lt; 0.001), and the rate of hoarseness was significantly lower (OR 0.14, 95%CI 0.03–0.63, p = 0.01) in the IONM group than in the non-IONM group. The rates of aspiration (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.06–1.64, p = 0.17), pneumonia (OR 1.08, 95%CI 0.70–1.67, p = 0.71), and operation time (mean difference 7.68, 95%CI −23.60–38.95, p = 0.63) were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for IONM were 53.2% (0–66.7%), 93.7% (54.8–100%), 71.4% (0–100%), and 87.1% (68.0–96.6%), respectively.Conclusion: IONM was a feasible and effective approach to minimize RLNP, improve lymphadenectomy, and reduce hoarseness after thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, although IONM did not provide significant benefit in reducing aspiration, pneumonia, operation time, and length of hospital stay.
Estimation of Heavy Metal(Loid) Contents in Agricultural Soil of the Suzi River Basin Using Optimal Spectral Indices
Authors: Han Cheng , Lu Jilong , Chen Shengbo , Xu Xitong , Wang Zibo , Pei Zheng , Zhang Yu , Li Fengxuan 
Published: November 2021

For agricultural production and food safety, it is important to accurately and extensively estimate the heavy metal(loid) pollution contents in farmland soil. Remote sensing technology provides a feasible method for the rapid determination of heavy metal(loid) contents. In this study, the contents of Ni, Hg, Cr, Cu, and As in the agricultural soil of the Suzi River Basin in Liaoning Province were taken as an example. The spectral data, with Savitzky–Golay smoothing, were taken as the original spectra (OR), and the spectral transformation was achieved by continuum removal (CR), reciprocal (1/R), root means square (R), first-order differential (FDR), and second-order differential (SDR) methods. Then the spectral indices were calculated by the optimal band combination algorithm. The correlation between Ni, Hg, Cr, Cu, and As contents and spectral indices was analyzed, and the optimal spectral indices were selected. Then, multiple linear regression (MLR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest regression (RFR), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy reasoning system (ANFIS) were used to establish the estimation model based on the combined optimal spectral indices method. The results show that the combined optimal spectral indices method improves the correlation between spectra and heavy metal(loid), the MLR model produces the best estimation effect for Ni and Cu (R2=0.713 and 0.855, RMSE = 5.053 and 8.113, RPD = 1.908 and 2.688, respectively), and the PLSR model produces the best effect for Hg, Cr, and As (R2= 0.653, 0.603, and 0.775, RMSE = 0.074, 23.777, and 1.923, RPD = 1.733, 1.621, and 2.154, respectively). Therefore, the combined optimal spectral indices method is feasible for heavy metal(loid) estimation in soils and could provide technical support for large-scale soil heavy metal(loid) content estimation and pollution assessment.
Updated Review of the Toxicity of Selected Fusarium Toxins and Their Modified Forms
Authors: Pierzgalski Adam , Bryła Marcin , Kanabus Joanna , Modrzewska Marta , Podolska Grażyna 
Published: November 2021

Mycotoxins are one of the most dangerous food and feed contaminants, hence they have significant influence on human and animal health. This study reviews the information reported over the last few years on the toxic effects of the most relevant and studied Fusarium toxins and their modified forms. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its metabolites can induce intracellular oxidative stress, resulting in DNA damage. Recent studies have also revealed the capability of DON and its metabolites to disturb the cell cycle and alter amino acid expression. Several studies have attempted to explore the mechanism of action of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in anorexia induction. Among other findings, two neurotransmitters associated with this process have been identified, namely substance P and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). For zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites, the literature points out that, in addition to their generally acknowledged estrogenic and oxidative potentials, they can also modify DNA by altering methylation patterns and histone acetylation. The ability of the compounds to induce alterations in the expression of major metabolic genes suggests that these compounds can contribute to the development of numerous metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes.
El partido Demócrata de Córdoba en la coyuntura iniciada a partir del Golpe de Estado del 6 de septiembre de 1930
Authors: Del Valle Osella Desirée 
Published: November 2021

En 1930 se produjo el primer golpe de Estado de la República Argentina, el cual derrocó al presidente radical Yrigoyen. Muchos fueron los partidos políticos que lo respaldaron. Empero, al conocerse las pretensiones corporativistas que el gobierno de facto buscaba implementar, la mayoría de los partidos se alejaron del mismo, entre ellos los demócratas de Córdoba. Además, el golpe operó como un catalizador de los conflictos internos por los que atravesaba el partido. Éste se dividió entre aquellos que apoyaron la dictadura y quienes bregaron por el llamado a elecciones. El presente es un estudio del PD en dicha coyuntura clave en la historia argentina, que busca indagar sobre las consecuencias del Golpe al interior del PD. La hipótesis principal es que, pese a haber efectuado el partido una renovación en aras de una mayor democratización interna, perduraron en él los acuerdos entre notables y la pervivencia de prácticas tradicionales eclipsó la democratización. Palabras clave: Partido Demócrata de Córdoba; Conservadores; Golpe de Estado; Carlos Ibarguren
Mitigasi Ancaman Resiko Keamanan Siber Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Herdiana Yudi , Munawar Zen , Indah Putri Novianti 
Published: November 2021

Mitigasi keamanan siber diperlukan sebagai perlindungan dari pencurian dan gangguan pada sistem informasi, perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras. Meningkatnya kecemasan yang disebabkan oleh pandemi meningkatkan kemungkinan serangan siber berhasil sesuai dengan peningkatan jumlah dan jangkauan serangan siber. Peningkatan tingkat serangan siber memiliki dampak yang lebih luas. Penelitian ini mempelajari masalah keamanan siber yang terjadi selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menganalisis kondisi saat ini dan tindakan kejahatan siber serta serangan jenis serangan siber secara. Penelitian ini juga telah menyediakan berbagai pendekatan praktis mitigasi risiko serangan siber untuk organisasi. Penting bagi organisasi untuk meningkatkan perlindungan data dan aset penting mereka dengan menerapkan pendekatan komprehensif terhadap keamanan siber. Pada bagian kesimpulan, disampaikan beberapa teknik untuk mendeteksi dan menghindari ancaman ini bahkan setelah pandemi direkomendasikan sehingga kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh kejahatan siber dapat dikurangi. Untuk penelitian di masa depan, keamanan siber perlu dikembangkan dengan integrasi teknologi terkini, seperti Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Internet of Things, dan masih banyak lagi
SiO Outflows as Tracers of Massive Star Formation in Infrared Dark Clouds
Authors: Liu Mengyao , Tan Jonathan C. , Marvil Joshua , Kong Shuo , Rosero Viviana , Caselli Paola , Cosentino Giuliana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To study the early phases of massive star formation, we present ALMA observations of SiO(5−4) emission and VLA observations of 6 cm continuum emission toward 32 Infrared Dark Cloud clumps, spatially resolved down to ≲0.05 pc. Out of the 32 clumps, we detect SiO emission in 20 clumps, and in 11 of them the SiO emission is relatively strong and likely tracing protostellar outflows. Some SiO outflows are collimated, while others are less ordered. For the six strongest SiO outflows, we estimate basic outflow properties. In our entire sample, where there is SiO emission, we find 1.3 mm continuum and infrared emission nearby, but not vice versa. We build the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of cores with 1.3 mm continuum emission and fit them with radiative transfer models. The low luminosities and stellar masses returned by SED fitting suggest these are early-stage protostars. We see a slight trend of increasing SiO line luminosity with bolometric luminosity, which suggests more powerful shocks in the vicinity of more massive YSOs. We do not see a clear relation between the SiO luminosity and the evolutionary stage indicated by L/M. We conclude that, as a protostar approaches a bolometric luminosity of ∼102
L
⊙, the shocks in the outflow are generally strong enough to form SiO emission. The VLA 6 cm observations toward the 15 clumps with the strongest SiO emission detect emission in four clumps, which is likely from shock-ionized jets associated with the more massive ones of these protostellar cores.
Modeling the Galactic Neutron Star Population for Use in Continuous Gravitational-wave Searches
Authors: Reed Brendan T. , Deibel Alex , Horowitz C. J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Searches for continuous gravitational waves (GW) from unknown Galactic neutron stars provide limits on the shapes of neutron stars. A rotating neutron star will produce GW if asymmetric deformations exist in its structure that are characterized by the star’s ellipticity. In this study, we use a simple model of the spatial and spin distribution of Galactic neutron stars to estimate the total number of neutron stars probed, using GW, to a given upper limit on the ellipticity. This may help optimize future searches with improved sensitivity. The improved sensitivity of third-generation GW detectors may increase the number of neutron stars probed, to a given ellipticity, by factors of 100 to 1000.
Radiative Turbulent Flares in Magnetically Dominated Plasmas
Authors: Nättilä Joonas , Beloborodov Andrei M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We perform 2D and 3D kinetic simulations of reconnection-mediated turbulent flares in a magnetized electron-positron plasma, with weak and strong radiative cooling. Such flares can be generated around neutron stars and accreting black holes. We focus on the magnetically dominated regime where tension of the background magnetic field lines exceeds the plasma rest-mass density by a factor σ
0 > 1. In the simulations, turbulence is excited on a macroscopic scale l
0, and we observe that it develops by forming thin, dynamic current sheets on various scales. The deposited macroscopic energy dissipates by energizing thermal and nonthermal particles. The particle energy distribution is shaped by impulsive acceleration in reconnecting current sheets, gradual stochastic acceleration, and radiative losses. We parameterize radiative cooling by the ratio



of light-crossing time l
0/c to a cooling timescale, and study the effect of increasing



on the flare. When radiative losses are sufficiently weak,


<

σ

0

−
1

, the produced emission is dominated by stochastically accelerated particles, and the radiative power depends logarithmically on



. The resulting radiation spectrum of the flare is broad and anisotropic. In the strong-cooling regime,


>

σ

0

−
1

, stochastic acceleration is suppressed, while impulsive acceleration in the current sheets continues to operate. As



increases further, the emission becomes dominated by thermal particles. Our simulations offer a new tool to study particle acceleration by turbulence, especially at high energies, where cooling competes with acceleration. We find that the particle distribution is influenced by strong intermittency of dissipation, and stochastic acceleration cannot be described by a universal diffusion coefficient.
Espresso and Stochastic Acceleration of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in Relativistic Jets
Authors: Mbarek Rostom , Caprioli Damiano 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the espresso scenario, ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays (CRs) are produced via a one-shot reacceleration of galactic-like CRs in the relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei, independently of the scattering rate dictated by magnetic fluctuations. In Mbarek & Caprioli (2019) we traced test-particle CRs in high-resolution magnetohyrodynamic (MHD) jet simulations and found that the associated spectral slope, chemical composition, and anisotropy are consistent with UHECR phenomenology. In this work, we extend such an analysis by including subgrid pitch-angle scattering to model small-scale magnetic turbulence that cannot be resolved by MHD simulations. We find that a large scattering rate unlocks stochastic acceleration and fosters the energization of lower-energy CRs, which eventually leads to harder UHECR spectra. Yet, the particles that achieve the highest energies (up to the Hillas limit) are invariably produced by espresso acceleration and their spectrum is independent of the assumed subgrid scattering rate.
Linking Outer Disk Pebble Dynamics and Gaps to Inner Disk Water Enrichment
Authors: Kalyaan Anusha , Pinilla Paola , Krijt Sebastiaan , Mulders Gijs D. , Banzatti Andrea 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Millimeter continuum imaging of protoplanetary disks reveals the distribution of solid particles and the presence of substructures (gaps and rings) beyond 5–10 au, while infrared (IR) spectra provide access to abundances of gaseous species at smaller disk radii. Building on recent observational findings of an anti-correlation between the inner disk water luminosity and outer dust disk radius, we aim here at investigating the dynamics of icy solids that drift from the outer disk and sublimate their ice inside the snow line, enriching the water vapor that is observed in the IR. We use a volatile-inclusive disk evolution model to explore a range of conditions (gap location, particle size, disk mass, and α viscosity) under which gaps in the outer disk efficiently block the inward drift of icy solids. We find that inner disk vapor enrichment is highly sensitive to the location of a disk gap, yielding for each particle size a radial “sweet spot” that reduces the inner disk vapor enrichment to a minimum. For pebbles of 1–10 mm in size, which carry the most mass, this sweet spot is at 7–15 au, suggesting that inner gaps may have a key role in reducing ice delivery to the inner disk and may not allow the formation of Earths and super-Earths. This highlights the importance of observationally determining the presence and properties of inner gaps in disks. Finally, we argue that the inner water vapor abundance can be used as a proxy for estimating the pebble drift efficiency and mass flux entering the inner disk.
Ambipolar Electric Field and Potential in the Solar Wind Estimated from Electron Velocity Distribution Functions
Authors: Berčič Laura , Maksimović Milan , Halekas Jasper S. , Landi Simone , Owen Christopher J. , Verscharen Daniel , Larson Davin , Whittlesey Phyllis , Badman Samuel T. , Bale Stuart. D. , Case Anthony W. , Goetz Keith , Harvey Peter R. , Kasper Justin C. , Korreck Kelly E. , Livi Roberto , MacDowall Robert J. , Malaspina David M. , Pulupa Marc , Stevens Michael L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The solar wind escapes from the solar corona and is accelerated, over a short distance, to its terminal velocity. The energy balance associated with this acceleration remains poorly understood. To quantify the global electrostatic contribution to the solar wind dynamics, we empirically estimate the ambipolar electric field (E
∥) and potential (Φr,∞). We analyze electron velocity distribution functions (VDFs) measured in the near-Sun solar wind between 20.3 R

S
and 85.3 R

S
by the Parker Solar Probe. We test the predictions of two different solar wind models. Close to the Sun, the VDFs exhibit a suprathermal electron deficit in the sunward, magnetic-field-aligned part of phase space. We argue that the sunward deficit is a remnant of the electron cutoff predicted by collisionless exospheric models. This cutoff energy is directly linked to Φr,∞. Competing effects of E
∥ and Coulomb collisions in the solar wind are addressed by the Steady Electron Runaway Model (SERM). In this model, electron phase space is separated into collisionally overdamped and underdamped regions. We assume that this boundary velocity at small pitch angles coincides with the strahl break-point energy, which allows us to calculate E
∥. The obtained Φr,∞ and E
∥ agree well with theoretical expectations. They decrease with radial distance as power-law functions with indices α
Φ = −0.66 and α
E = −1.69. We finally estimate the velocity gained by protons from electrostatic acceleration, which equals 77% calculated from the exospheric models, and 44% from the SERM model.