bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konkretisierung von Auswertekriterien zur Berechnung der Verbrennungseffektivität
Authors: Zehfuß Jochen , Gößwein Lukas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDie Verbrennungseffektivität χ ist eine wesentliche Größe bei der Bestimmung der Wärmefreisetzungsrate und der Brandlastdichte bei Anwendung der Eurocode‐Brandschutznachweise. Ein Berechnungsverfahren zur Bestimmung von χ ist bisher jedoch nicht genormt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Empfehlungen bez. der Wahl der Auswertekriterien zur Berechnung der Verbrennungseffektivität gegeben. Hierfür wurden Brandversuche im Labormaßstab sowie Realmaßstab am Institut für Baustoffe, Massivbau und Brandschutz (iBMB) der TU Braunschweig durchgeführt. Bei den untersuchten Objekten handelte es sich um Alltagsgegenstände und handelsübliche Bodenbeläge. Die acht am häufigsten in der Praxis angewendeten Kriterien wurden für die Auswertung der experimentellen Untersuchungen herangezogen. Die Unterschiede der Auswertekriterien liegen in den zeitlichen Bezügen ihrer Eingangsparameter. Ergänzend wurde die Verbrennungseffektivität aus den Mittelwerten mehrerer Kriterien gebildet. Es zeigte sich, dass durch die Mittelwertbildung evtl. Ausreißerwerte eingefangen werden können. Als ebenfalls sehr robust erwies sich das Kriterium der Brennstoffbeladung. Die Ergebnisse wurden in einer Tabelle mit Empfehlungen bez. der Auswahl von Auswertekriterien bzw. ‐methoden zusammengetragen.
Growth dynamics and heritability for plant high‐throughput phenotyping studies using hierarchical functional data analysis
Authors: Xu Yuhang , Li Yehua , Qiu Yumou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn modern high‐throughput plant phenotyping, images of plants of different genotypes are repeatedly taken throughout the growing season, and phenotypic traits of plants (e.g., plant height) are extracted through image processing. It is of interest to recover whole trait trajectories and their derivatives at both genotype and plant levels based on observations made at irregular discrete time points. We propose to model trait trajectories using hierarchical functional principal component analysis (HFPCA) and show that the problem of recovering derivatives of the trajectories is reduced to estimating derivatives of eigenfunctions, which is solved by differentiating eigenequations. Based on HFPCA, we also propose a new measure for the broad‐sense heritability by allowing it to vary over time during plant growth. Simulation studies show that the proposed procedure performs better than its competitors in terms of recovering both trait trajectories and their derivatives. Interesting characteristics of plant growth and heritability dynamics are revealed in the application to a modern plant phenotyping study.
Novel luminescent Schiff’s base derivative with an azo moiety for ultraselective and sensitive chemosensor of Fe3+ ions
Authors: Priyangga Krisfian Tata Aneka , Kurniawan Yehezkiel Steven , Yuliati Leny , Purwono Bambang , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi , Lintang Hendrik O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChemosensors with ultrasensing capabilities for detection of metal ions have received particular attention when using luminescent organic compounds. Even though hundreds of chemosensor agents have been reported for Fe3+ ion sensing, the designs of those molecules have been complicated and time consuming, in addition to having limited application for aquatic samples due to their poor hydrophilicity. Here, we synthesized a novel azo‐imine derivative (L2) that showed ultrasensitive and selective sensing for Fe3+ ions. L2 exhibited ultraselective detection of Fe3+ ions with a turn‐off of its emission intensity at 341 nm in H2O:MeOH (4:1 v/v) aqueous medium. This quenching phenomenon was in good agreement with its colour change from orange‐yellowish to colourless. Its capability was shown due to its very low limit of detection and limit of quantification values of 0.31 and 1.04 μM, respectively. The interference study showed that L2 is ultraselective for the detection of Fe3+ ions without a significant reduction in its sensing capability even in competitive metal mixtures. Furthermore, direct Fe3+ quantification of tap and drinking water showed that L2 gave good recovery percentages. These findings demonstrated that the Schiff’s base with an azo fluorophore derivative is a potential chemosensor agent for Fe3+ ions sensing applications in aqueous media.
Integration of metabolic pathway manipulation and promoter engineering for the fine‐tuned biosynthesis of malic acid in Bacillus coagulans
Authors: Sun Wenhui , Jiang Bo , Zhao Dongying , Pu Zhongji , Bao Yongming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBacillus coagulans, a thermophilic facultative anaerobe, is a favorable chassis strain for the biosynthesis of desired products. In this study, B. coagulans was converted into an efficient malic acid producer by metabolic engineering and promoter engineering. Promoter mapping revealed that the endogenous promoter Pldh was a tandem promoter. Accordingly, a promoter library was developed, covering a wide range of relative transcription efficiencies with small increments. A reductive tricarboxylic acid pathway was established in B. coagulans by introducing the genes encoding pyruvate carboxylase (pyc), malate dehydrogenase (mdh), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pckA). Five promoters of various strengths within the library were screened to fine‐tune the expression of pyc to improve the biosynthesis of malic acid. In addition, genes involved in the competitive metabolic pathways were deleted to focus the substrate and energy flux toward malic acid. Dual‐phase fed‐batch fermentation was performed to increase the biomass of the strain, further improving the titer of malic acid to 25.5 g/L, with a conversion rate of 0.3 g/g glucose. Our study is a pioneer research using promoter engineering and genetically modified B. coagulans for the biosynthesis of malic acid, providing an effective approach for the industrialized production of desired products using B. coagulans.
Student design and characterization of visible DHFR fusions for biochemistry tools to improve learning during lab exercises
Authors: Park Junyun , Obeng Jeremiah , Spezia Peter , Huang Jonathan , Morrone Dana J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudent feedback from an undergraduate biochemistry lab course suggested the use of visibly traceable proteins may assist learning. Based on this feedback, we used guided inquiry lab exercises where students developed and characterized a suite of fluorescent protein‐dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) fusions as tools for a biochemistry teaching lab. In contrast to the unfused versions, members of this suite are well‐expressed, soluble, visible, highly stable, and easily characterized. The color of mCherry and EGFP fluorescent fusions with microbial DHFR allows students to visibly track their target protein from expression through purification under ambient light, while fusions with BFP are visible under UV‐light. Fusions were made to both wild‐type and kinetically enhanced DHFR variants. Importantly, we found that fluorescent protein fusions with DHFR did not kinetically interfere as the KM and kcat values were not remarkably altered from the unfused variant. With these fusions, students can easily measure kinetic parameters under steady‐state conditions with readily available substrate and common laboratory spectrophotometers. Additionally, students also determined IC50 values of trimethoprim for DHFR. These exercises can be completed in a series of up to six lab periods and we have included the protocols for instructors who wish undertake a similar series of experiments in their biochemistry teaching labs. Using these visible fusion enzymes with subsequent students, we observed potential learning gains on a course assessment and received positive student feedback. We suggest that the often over‐looked element of visual cues in a biochemistry lab may be an exploitable component of learning.
Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and metabolism of CC‐92480 in rat by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: You Weili , Pang Jie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCC‐92480 is a cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase modulating drug with potent antimyeloma activity. In this study, we developed a sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of CC‐92480 in rat plasma. The plasma samples were prepared with acetonitrile and the samples were then separated on an Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with water containing 0.1% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) as mobile phase. The MS detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring mode with precursor‐to‐product ion transitions at m/z 568.3 > 363.1 for CC‐92480 and m/z 441.2 > 138.1 for ibrutinib (internal standard). The assay showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 1–1,000 ng/ml, with correlation coefficient >0.995. The method was further validated for selectivity, precision, accuracy, recovery and stability according to the US Food and Drug Administration's guideline. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies of CC‐92480 in rat plasma. Based on the pharmacokinetic results, the oral bioavailability of CC‐92480 was >63%. In addition, the circulating metabolites of CC‐92480 were detected by UHPLC–HRMS and the structures were proposed according to their accurate masses and fragment ions. The proposed metabolic pathways of CC‐92480 were oxidative dealkylation and amide hydrolysis.
Exposure to DMSO during infancy alters neurochemistry, social interactions, and brain morphology in long‐evans rats
Authors: Rabow Zachary , Morningstar Taryn , Showalter Megan , Heil Hailey , Thongphanh Krista , Fan Sili , Chan Joanne , Martínez‐Cerdeño Verónica , Berman Robert , Zagzag David , Nudler Evgeny , Fiehn Oliver , Lechpammer Mirna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a widely used solvent to dissolve hydrophobic substances for clinical uses and experimental in vivo purposes. While usually regarded safe, our prior studies suggest changes to behavior following DMSO exposure. We therefore evaluated the effects of a five‐day, short‐term exposure to DMSO on postnatal infant rats (P6‐10).MethodsDMSO was intraperitoneally injected for five days at 0.2, 2.0, and 4.0 ml/kg body mass. One cohort of animals was sacrificed 24 hr after DMSO exposure to analyze the neurometabolic changes in four brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum) by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. A second cohort of animals was used to analyze chronic alterations to behavior and pathological changes to glia and neuronal cells later in life (P21‐P40).Results164 metabolites, including key regulatory molecules (retinoic acid, orotic acid, adrenic acid, and hypotaurine), were found significantly altered by DMSO exposure in at least one of the brain regions at P11 (p < .05). Behavioral tests showed significant hypoactive behavior and decreased social habits to the 2.0 and 4.0 ml DMSO/kg groups (p < .01). Significant increases in number of microglia and astrocytes at P40 were observed in the 4.0 ml DMSO/kg group (at p < .015.)ConclusionsDespite short‐term exposure at low, putatively nontoxic concentrations, DMSO led to changes in behavior and social preferences, chronic alterations in glial cells, and changes in essential regulatory brain metabolites. The chronic neurological effects of DMSO exposure reported here raise concerns about its neurotoxicity and consequent safety in human medical applications and clinical trials.
Tetranorlanostane and Lanostane Triterpenoids with Cytotoxic Activity from the Epidermis of Poria cocos
Authors: Jiang Ting‐Ting , Ding Lin‐Fen , Nie Wei , Wang Liu‐Yan , Lei Tie , Wu Xing‐De , Zhao Qin‐Shi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo unprecedented tetranorlanostane triterpenoids, poricolides A (1) and B (2), and two new lanostane triterpenoids, 3β‐acetoxy‐24‐methyllanosta‐8,16,24(31)‐trien‐21‐oic acid (3) and 3β‐acetoxylanosta‐7,9(11),16,23‐tetraen‐21‐oic acid (4), were isolated from the epidermis of Poria cocos. The structures of 1–4 were determined via analysis of 1H‐, 13C‐, and 2D‐NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS data, and the absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were the first report of tetranorlanostane triterpenoid having a δ‐lactone ring at C(17). Compounds 3 and 4 were rare lanostane triterpenoids having a double bond between C(16) and C(17). Compounds 1–4 exhibited potent antiproliferative effects against A549, SMMC‐7721, MCF‐7, and SW480 cancer cell lines with IC50 values from 16.19±0.38 to 27.74±1.12 μM.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks Derived Multidimensional CoP/N, P‐Doped Carbon Architecture as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Tian Yongshang , Li Shuiyun , Qin Panpan , Wang Qiqi , Liu Peng , Ji Xiang , Jing Qiangshan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExploring highly efficient non‐noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts for water electrocatalysis is vitally important to meet the requirement for future hydrogen energy. In this work, we report a simple metal‐organic‐frameworks‐based one‐step calcination route to the rational design of a multidimensional bifunctional electrocatalyst, constituting 0D CoP nanocrystals embedded in N, P‐doped binary carbon networks with 1D carbon hollow nanotube and 2D carbon porous nanosheet. The elaborate hierarchical architecture allows for high exposure of active sites and continuous electron/ion transport pathwaysf1.02. Together with the strong coupling effect between CoP and hybrid carbon matrices, the obtained electrocatalyst can efficiently catalyze both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Specifically, low overpotentials of 103 and 260 mV are needed to deliver H2‐evolving current of 10 mA cm−2 and O2‐evolving current of 30 mA cm−2, respectively. Remarkably, an alkaline electrolyzer comprising this electrocatalyst drives 10 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 1.54 V, outperforming the integrated benchmarking Pt/C+IrO2 couple, along with steady durability. The current work introduces a new way of developing innovative transition metal phosphides/carbon nanostructures for electrocatalysis and other energy‐related applications.
Exosome‐Coated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Nanoparticles for Intracellular Detection of ATP†
Authors: Lv Wenxing , Han Ziwei , Li Yike , Huang Yanjuan , Sun Jiashu , Lu Xiaoquan , Liu Chao 
Published: April 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe intracellular delivery of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) encapsulated with functional biomolecules represents a promising avenue in the field of biomedicine and biosensing. To improve the cellular uptake efficiency of MOFs, here we report the fabrication of cancer cell‐derived exosome membrane (EM)‐coated zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (EM‐ZIF‐8) nanoparticles by using a microfluidic sonication device. EM‐ZIF‐8 nanoparticles loaded with FITC‐labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) can be taken up by cancer cells and evade phagocytosis more efficiently than their counterparts (ZIF‐8 nanoparticles). Moreover, we use EM‐ZIF‐8 loaded with Rhodamine B (RhB) for in situ imaging of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The shield effect of ZIF‐8 suppresses the fluorescence of RhB, and the presence of ATP disrupts the ZIF‐8 structure based on the competitive coordination between ATP and Zn2+, leading to the restoration of RhB fluorescence. This method allows accurate detection of the fluctuation of ATP in A549 cells induced by Ca2+ or 2‐DDG treatment. The devised biomimetic EM‐ZIF‐8 nanoparticles thus provide an efficient platform for intracellular drug delivery and ATP sensing.
A single stiffened nucleus alters cell dynamics and coherence in a monolayer
Authors: Parreira Maria Teresa , Lavrenyuk Kirill , Sanches João M. , Dahl Kris Noel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractForce transmission throughout a monolayer is the result of complex interactions between cells. Monolayer adaptation to force imbalances such as singular stiffened cells provides insight into the initiation of disease and fibrosis. Here, NRK‐52E cells transfected with ∆50LA, which significantly stiffens the nucleus. These stiffened cells were sparsely placed in a monolayer of normal NRK‐52E cells. Through morphometric analysis and temporal tracking, the impact of the singular stiffened cells shows a pivotal role in mechanoresponse of the monolayer. A method for a detailed analysis of the spatial aspect and temporal progression of the nuclear boundary was developed and used to achieve a full description of the phenotype and dynamics of the monolayers under study. Our findings reveal that cells are highly sensitive to the presence of mechanically impaired neighbors, leading to generalized loss of coordination in collective cell migration, but without seemingly affecting the potential for nuclear lamina fluctuations of neighboring cells. Reduced translocation in neighboring cells appears to be compensated by an increase in nuclear rotation and dynamic variation of shape, suggesting a “frustration” of cells and maintenance of motor activity. Interestingly, some characteristics of the behavior of these cells appear to be dependent on the distance to a ∆50LA cell, pointing to compensatory behavior in response to force transmission imbalances in a monolayer. These insights may suggest the long‐range impacts of single cell defects related to tissue dysfunction.
High‐density linkage map construction and QTL analysis of fiber quality and lint percentage in tetraploid cotton
Authors: Zhu Linglong , Andres Ryan J. , Zhang Kuang , Kuraparthy Vasu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImproving fiber quality and yield are major research objectives for cotton breeders in the United States. Identifying broadly existing and stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to fiber quality is critical to properly utilizing genomic resources in cotton improvement programs. An F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross of NC05AZ21 × TX‐2324 was used to develop linkage maps and for QTL analysis of six fiber quality traits and lint percentage. The Illumina 63K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was used to genotype the RIL population. Analysis of variance of phenotypic trait data showed significant differences among lines and years for all traits tested. The heritability for tested traits ranged from 0.56 to 0.91. Genetic mapping was performed using 3,009 polymorphic SNP markers on the RILs. We constructed a genetic map with a total length of 4,983.73 cM and an average distance of 1.66 cM between markers. The linkage map corresponded well with the Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) sequence‐based physical map. Thirty‐two QTLs with additive effects for lint percentage and fiber quality traits were identified on 15 chromosomes, explaining 7.9–22.2% of the phenotypic variance. The majority of these QTLs were mapped in the D subgenome, indicating that functional mutations in the D subgenome are responsible for the major fiber quality improvements in Upland cotton. Furthermore, five QTL clusters were located on four chromosomes (Chr.05, Chr.18, Chr.19, and Chr.26), which may explain the strong correlation between fiber quality traits measured. The QTLs identified in the current study could be targeted for marker‐assisted selection and map‐based cloning of fiber quality traits in Upland cotton.
“Water‐in‐Salt” Electrolytes for Supercapacitors: A Review
Authors: Tian Xue , Zhu Qizhen , Xu Bin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract“Water‐in‐salt” (WIS) electrolytes, which have more salt than the solvent in both mass and volume, show promising prospects for application in supercapacitors due to their wide electrochemical stability window (about 3 V), considerable ion transport, high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. This Review summarizes the advances, progress, and challenges of WIS electrolytes in supercapacitors. The working mechanisms, reason for the wide electrochemical stability window, typical systems, challenges, and modification strategies of the WIS electrolytes in supercapacitors are discussed. Moreover, the application of WIS electrolytes in symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors are presented. Finally, perspectives and the future development direction of WIS electrolytes are given. This Review is expected to provide inspiration and guidance for designing WIS electrolytes with advanced performance and push forward the development of high‐performance aqueous supercapacitors with high cell voltage, good rate performance, and thus high energy density and power density.
Forest Saccharomyces paradoxus are robust to seasonal biotic and abiotic changes
Authors: Boynton Primrose J. , Wloch‐Salamon Dominika , Landermann Doreen , Stukenbrock Eva H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicroorganisms are famous for adapting quickly to new environments. However, most evidence for rapid microbial adaptation comes from laboratory experiments or domesticated environments, and it is unclear how rates of adaptation scale from human‐influenced environments to the great diversity of wild microorganisms. We examined potential monthly‐scale selective pressures in the model forest yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus. Contrary to expectations of seasonal adaptation, the S. paradoxus population was stable over four seasons in the face of abiotic and biotic environmental changes. While the S. paradoxus population was diverse, including 41 unique genotypes among 192 sampled isolates, there was no correlation between S. paradoxus genotypes and seasonal environments. Consistent with observations from other S. paradoxus populations, the forest population was highly clonal and inbred. This lack of recombination, paired with population stability, implies that selection is not acting on the forest S. paradoxus population on a seasonal timescale. Saccharomyces paradoxus may instead have evolved generalism or phenotypic plasticity with regard to seasonal environmental changes long ago. Similarly, while the forest population included diversity among phenotypes related to intraspecific interference competition, there was no evidence for active coevolution among these phenotypes. At least ten percent of the forest S. paradoxus individuals produced “killer toxins,” which kill sensitive Saccharomyces cells, but the presence of a toxin‐producing isolate did not predict resistance to the toxin among nearby isolates. How forest yeasts acclimate to changing environments remains an open question, and future studies should investigate the physiological responses that allow microbial cells to cope with environmental fluctuations in their native habitats.
Front Face Fluorescence Spectroscopy Combined with PLS‐DA Allows to Monitor Chemical Changes of Edible Vegetable Oils during Storage at 60 °C
Authors: Botosoa Eliot Patrick , Chèné Christine , Karoui Romdhane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, front‐face fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with chemometric tools are used for the monitoring of rapeseed, sunflower, extra virgin olive, and linseed oil. The oil samples are heated at 60 °C for up to 15 days. The fluorescence excitation spectra are scanned in the range of 270–420 nm and 250–310 nm after emission wavelength set at 450 and 330 nm, respectively. The primary and secondary lipid oxidation products are also determined on the same oil samples. By applying partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) to each spectral collection obtained after emission set at 450 and 330 nm, clear discrimination of edible oil samples according to their botanical types, and sometimes aging, is obtained.Practical Applications: This study shows that oxidation of rapeseed, sunflower, extra virgin olive, and linseed oil monitored different trends due to their difference in composition. The presented results demonstrated the capability of the front‐face fluorescence spectroscopy to differentiate four vegetable oils contained in capped and uncapped flasks indicating the evolution of primary and secondary indicators of oxidation during the storage period. The technology can be exploited at the industrial level for monitoring in a non‐destructive manner the level of oxidation of edible oil.