bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What's my style? Supply‐side determinants of debt covenant inclusion
Authors: Ma Zhiming , Stice Derrald , Williams Christopher 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe examine the supply‐side determinants of debt covenants included in loan agreements. Controlling for borrower characteristics, we find evidence that the covenants that lead arranger banks include in new contracts persist into future contracts for at least 3 years. We document that this covenant style effect is smaller when borrowers have recently violated a debt covenant or when the loan issue amount is large, and it is larger when the costs of contracting are highest and when a borrower provides collateral. We also find that the covenant style effect decreases following changes in a bank's CEO or CFO. Overall, our evidence is consistent with lenders’ covenant preferences arising from strategic cost‐benefit analysis informed from prior lending experiences and being related to lender expertise in negotiating, monitoring and enforcing covenants.
Multi‐omics of the expression and clinical outcomes of TMPRSS2 in human various cancers: A potential therapeutic target for COVID‐19
Authors: Liu Li , Qin Ju‐Fang , Zuo Man‐Zhen , Zhou Quan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGrowing evidence has shown that Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) not only contributes to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, but is also closely associated with the incidence and progression of tumours. However, the correlation of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and cancers, and the prognostic value and molecular function of TMPRSS2 in various cancers have not been fully understood. In this study, the expression, genetic variations, correlated genes, immune infiltration and prognostic value of TMPRSS2 were analysed in many cancers using different bioinformatics platforms. The observed findings revealed that the expression of TMPRSS2 was considerably decreased in many tumour tissues. In the prognostic analysis, the expression of TMPRSS2 was considerably linked with the clinical consequences of the brain, blood, colorectal, breast, ovarian, lung and soft tissue cancer. In protein network analysis, we determined 27 proteins as protein partners of TMPRSS2, which can regulate the progression and prognosis of cancer mediated by TMPRSS2. Besides, a high level of TMPRSS2 was linked with immune cell infiltration in various cancers. Furthermore, according to the pathway analysis of differently expressed genes (DEGs) with TMPRSS2 in lung, breast, ovarian and colorectal cancer, 160 DEGs genes were found and were significantly enriched in respiratory system infection and tumour progression pathways. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that TMPRSS2 may be an effective biomarker and therapeutic target in various cancers in humans, and may also provide new directions for specific tumour patients to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the COVID‐19 outbreak.
Elevated 4R‐tau in astrocytes from asymptomatic carriers of the MAPT 10+16 intronic mutation
Authors: Setó‐Salvia Núria , Esteras Noemi , de Silva Rohan , de Pablo‐Fernandez Eduardo , Arber Charles , Toomey Christina E. , Polke James M. , Morris Huw R. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Abramov Andrey Y. , Patani Rickie , Wray Selina , Warner Thomas T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe microtubule‐associated protein tau gene (MAPT) 10+16 intronic mutation causes frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) by increasing expression of four‐repeat (4R)‐tau isoforms. We investigated the potential role for astrocytes in the pathogenesis of FTLD by studying the expression of 4R‐tau. We derived astrocytes and neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells from two asymptomatic 10+16 carriers which, compared to controls, showed persistently increased 4R:3R‐tau transcript and protein ratios in both cell types. However, beyond 300 days culture, 10+16 neurons showed less marked increase of this 4R:3R‐tau transcript ratio compared to astrocytes. Interestingly, throughout maturation, both 10+16 carriers consistently displayed different 4R:3R‐tau transcript and protein ratios. These elevated levels of 4R‐tau in astrocytes implicate glial cells in the pathogenic process and also suggests a cell‐type‐specific regulation and may inform and help on treatment of pre‐clinical tauopathies.
The contributions of survey‐based versus administrative measures of socioeconomic status in predicting type of post‐acute care for hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Zhu Ye , Stearns Sally C. , Holmes George M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess and compare the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) measures from two sources (claims vs. survey data) and the type of post‐acute care (PAC) locations following hospital discharge.MethodsThis observational study included Medicare Fee‐for‐Service (FFS) beneficiaries age 65.5 years or older who participated in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) and were hospitalized in 2006–2011. Multiple data sets were used including: Area Deprivation Index; Medicare Cost Reports, Provider of Services files, and Area Health Resource File. Multinomial regression models estimated associations between beneficiary's SES and PAC type. SES measures came from surveys (income and education) and administrative records (dual enrollment and area deprivation). PAC types included home with self‐care, home health agency, skilled nursing facility (SNF), or inpatient rehabilitation facility.ResultsLow income and dual enrollment were associated with higher SNF use while living in a deprived area was associated with lower SNF use and higher use of home with self‐care. Dual enrollment and area deprivation were associated with the largest differences.ConclusionsIf policies to modify payment based on SES are considered, administrative measures (dual enrollment and area deprivation) rather than survey measures (education and income) may be sufficient.
Groundwater rebound and flooding in the Naples' periurban area (Italy)
Authors: Allocca Vincenzo , Coda Silvio , Calcaterra Domenico , De Vita Pantaleone 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGroundwater bodies in the urbanized and densely populated aquifers or coastal floodplains may be subjected to groundwater rebound (GR), often causing serious risks of groundwater flooding (GF) to underground structures and infrastructures. This paper shows the results of a study carried out in the Naples' periurban area (Italy) to: investigate the dynamics and features of GR and GF phenomena, map flooded sites during 2013–2015 period, and provide an interpretative analysis of the factors that control the GF of private buildings and agricultural lands. At the municipality scale, since 1990 and until 2015, a remarkable and widespread GR was observed, with magnitude up to +16.54 m, triggering an unexpected GF of basements of buildings and agricultural soils. Field surveys proved that there is a time delay of the GF, ranging from 17 to 20 years, compared to the start of GR. Moreover, inhomogeneous distribution of flooding episodes is controlled by anthropogenic and natural factors. The obtained results are fundamental to design mitigation measures to GF hazard, and offer new perspectives to make Naples' periurban area more robust, smart and resilient against this new hydrogeological risk, undervalued by Italian legislation and local authorities.
The role of community‐based learning in teaching about industrial ecology and sustainability in the context of engineering education: A case study from the field
Authors: Hicks Andrea L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndustrial ecology and sustainability education have evolved over time, as this relatively new discipline has emerged and has been refined. Courses engaging with these topics are often found in engineering departments, and feature project or problem‐based learning (PBL) commonly with an industrial partner. This provides students the opportunity to apply the topics that they have learned in class in a real‐world situation, complete with the constraints and uncertainties inherent in practice. Community‐based learning (CBL), a combination of service learning and PBL, allows students to not only apply the material from a sustainability course, but also to do so in service of a community partner. This work presents an analysis of a multi‐year effort in teaching a CBL course on the topic of industrial ecology and sustainability in a North American context. Knowledge probes are utilized to quantify student preparation for the course and confidence in knowledge gained during the course in a longitudinal manner. Meanwhile, evolving student reflection is utilized to assess the impact of how the CBL element of the course influenced student thinking about the role of sustainability and industrial ecology within engineering education. The findings suggest that applying CBL to industrial ecology education has the potential to further enhance student learning experiences, while also providing a valuable service experience.
Survival and reproductive outcomes after fertility‐sparing surgery performed for borderline epithelial ovarian tumor in Japanese adolescents and young adults: Results of a retrospective nationwide study
Authors: Kuji Shiho , Harada Miyuki , Yoshioka Norihito , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Satoh Toyomi , Mikami Mikio , Shozu Makio , Enomoto Takayuki , Osuga Yutaka , Suzuki Nao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveEpithelial borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) frequently occurs in young women. Because progression‐free survival, overall survival, and reproductive function are important outcomes, BOT is often treated by fertility‐sparing surgery (FSS). We conducted a Japan‐wide study to understand post‐FSS prognosis in relation to clinical characteristics and types of FSS performed.MethodsWe analyzed clinical and outcome data pertaining to 531 adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients (aged 15–39 years) who underwent FSS for BOT between 2009 and 2013.ResultsMedian (range) age was 30 (15–39) years, and median observation time was 70 (2–120) months. The disease was of FIGO stage I in 492 (93%) patients. Histopathologically, tumors were of the mucinous (n = 372, 70%), serous (n = 120, 23%), seromucinous (n = 23, 4%), and other (n = 16, 3%) types. Five‐year overall survival was 99.5% among patients with stage I and 100% among those with stage II–IV. Five‐year progression‐free survival was 96.7% and 69.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis in cases of stage I showed a positive peritoneal cytology to be a significant risk factor for recurrence (HR, 5.199; p = 0.0188). The post‐FSS pregnancy rate was relatively low for patients aged ≥30 years (OR, 0.868; 95% CI, 1.16–3.00; p = 0.0090).ConclusionPost‐FFS outcomes in terms of overall and progression‐free survival are favorable, especially for AYA patients with stage I BOT. However, the relapse rate is high for patients with FIGO stage II–IV and for those with stage I but a positive peritoneal cytology. A long‐term prospective observation is needed before reproductive outcomes can be fully established.
Skin preparation for prevention of surgical site infection after obstetrics and gynecological abdominal surgery: A quality improvement project
Authors: Singh Pratibha , Gothwal Meenakshi , Pradhan Hemanta Kumar , Yadav Garima , Gupta Manoj Kumar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most common causes of postoperative morbidity is postoperative surgical site infection (SSI). Healthcare‐associated infection is a subject of great concern in healthcare services. The goal of the present study is to estimate the relative effectiveness of skin preparation solution chlorhexidine scrub followed by povidone‐iodine painting in the prevention of SSIs after caesarean delivery and abdominal gynecological surgery.Material and MethodsThis is a 1‐year randomized prospective research done at a tertiary care institution in western Rajasthan. Women who underwent caesarean and gynecological operations were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to have the surgical site painted with 10% povidone‐iodine or a chlorhexidine‐alcohol preparatory scrub followed by povidone‐iodine paint. According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention criteria, the outcomes were any SSI occurring within a week or during the 30‐day follow‐up period following the operation, including any superficial or deep SSI.ResultsA total of 251 patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (povidone‐iodine paint) received 121 patients, whereas Group B (chlorhexidine scrub + povidone‐iodine paint) received 129 cases. The overall SSI rate in the present study was 8.76%. The SSI rate was lower in Group B (chlorhexidine scrub + povidone‐iodine paint) as compared to Group A (povidone‐iodine paint only) (5.4% vs. 12.4%; p = 0.04).ConclusionThis study highlighted that chlorhexidine‐alcohol scrubbing followed by povidone‐iodine painting provides superior skin antisepsis in comparison to povidone‐iodine painting alone.
Parental involvement in stepfamilies: Biology, relationship type, residence, and gender
Authors: Arat Ece , Poortman Anne‐Rigt , van der Lippe Tanja 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the determinants of parental involvement in diverse types of stepfamilies.BackgroundMost research has studied parental involvement in married stepfather families with resident children. This study also includes some of the more recent and emerging stepfamily types (e.g., living‐apart‐together [LAT] stepfamilies) allowing for a simultaneous examination of the role of biological relatedness, type of relationship, residence, and gender for parental involvement. It also examines whether the role of biological relatedness differs depending on parents' gender and children's residence.MethodMultiple regression analyses were conducted using the New Families in the Netherlands (NFN) survey, large‐scale data collected among divorced and separated parents with minor children (2015/16; N = 3218).ResultsBiological parents were more involved than stepparents (i.e., a stepgap was observed). This stepgap was smallest in married stepfamilies, followed by cohabiting stepfamilies and LAT stepfamilies, respectively. (Step)parents with resident children were more involved than those with nonresident children, with involvement being higher for full‐time resident children than part‐time resident (i.e., joint physical custody) children. The stepgap was larger for resident children than nonresident children, but did not differ between mothers and fathers.ConclusionBiological relatedness, type of relationship, and where children reside are important determinants of parental involvement, whereas more nuance is required for the role of parents' gender.
Effects of NanoAg‐ACP Microparticles as Bioactive Fillers on the Mechanical and Remineralization Properties of Dental Resin Cement
Authors: Sears Leila Marie , Wu Linfeng , Morrow Brian R. , Hollis Wainscott , Cagna David R , Hong Liang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the potential of adding silver‐nanoparticle‐containing amorphous calcium phosphate microparticles as bioactive fillers into commercially available nonbioactive dental resin cement.Materials and MethodsExperimental cement was formulated by adding 7.5% silver‐nanoparticle‐containing amorphous calcium phosphate microparticles to Multilink Automix resin cement (Ivoclar Vivadent). The experimental cement was evaluated for shear bond strength (N = 11 per group) and demineralization/remineralization (N = 16 per group), with BioCem® Universal BioActive cement (NuSmile) as the positive control and Multilink Automix cement as the negative control. One‐way analysis of variance and post hoc tests were used to assess the significance of differences among or between the groupsResultsThe addition of silver‐nanoparticle‐containing amorphous calcium phosphate microparticles at the level of 7.5% by weight into Multilink Automix did not have a statistically significant effect on the shear bond strength (p > 0.05), but statistically significantly increased the depth of remineralization on both dentin and enamel (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) when compared to Multilink Automix alone. The experimental cement prepared in the present study was comparable to BioCem® on the depths of remineralization on both dentin and enamel (p = 0.59 and p = 0.99, respectively).ConclusionWhen incorporated into nonbioactive commercial dental resin cements as bioactive fillers at the level of 7.5% by weight, silver‐nanoparticle‐containing amorphous calcium phosphate microparticles could provide remineralization potential without affecting the shear bond strength.
Associations between State‐Level High School HIV Education Policies and Adolescent HIV Risk Behaviors
Authors: Chan Carrie T. , Olivieri‐Mui Brianne L. , Mayer Kenneth H. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) education can reach most adolescents, but inconsistencies exist in state‐level content policies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between state‐level high school HIV education policies and adolescent HIV risk behaviors.METHODSThis was a cross‐sectional analysis of the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey linked to the Guttmacher Institute Sex and HIV Education report. Logistic regression models examined the associations of state‐level HIV education mandates and content policies with 3 HIV risk behaviors: (1) 4 or more lifetime sexual partners; (2) substance use before last sex; (3) condomless last sex.RESULTSAcross 33 states, 128,986 high school students were included. Multivariable adjusted models demonstrated no associations between mandated HIV education and risk behaviors. Covering abstinence along with other safe sex options was associated with lower odds, whereas stressing abstinence was associated with higher odds of at least 4 lifetime sexual partners and condomless last sex. Discriminatory sexual orientation content was associated with increased condomless last sex; associations for all HIV risk behaviors were stronger among sexual minority youth.CONCLUSIONSIncreased HIV risk behaviors associated with state policies stressing abstinence or requiring discriminatory sexual orientation content support the need for comprehensive and inclusive HIV education.
Effect of density on pupal colour plasticity in the butterfly Mycalesis mineus (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
Authors: Mayekar H. V. , Kodandaramaiah U. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe tested the effect of larval density on pupal colour plasticity in the butterfly Mycalesis mineus. Pupal colour of this species is known to be a plastic phenotype, being either brown or green. Colour is correlated with pupation substrate: pupae on leaves are almost exclusively green, whereas off‐leaf substrates (stem, soil, etc.) include both green and brown pupae. We hypothesised that brown pupae are more frequent at high larval densities and tested this hypothesis using two experiments. In the first experiment, we reared larvae at different densities in plastic containers, which provided a restricted choice of pupation substrates. There was no influence of density on pupal colour. In the second experiment, we simulated more natural conditions, wherein larvae were reared in nylon mesh sleeves and had a greater choice of pupation substrates. Here, there was a strong correlation between larval density and the proportion of brown pupae. We discuss why results from the two experiments may have differed and what can be concluded about factors influencing pupal colour. We also discuss the importance of choice of experimental protocols, especially in relation to how realism trades off with practicality and control.
Analysis of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids modulation on the physiology and gene expression in Enterococcus faecalis under bile salt stress
Authors: Yan R. , Zhang X. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is one of the probiotic groups in the intestinal tract which has varieties of functional effects in the host, such as a protective barrier, nutritional efficacy and antibacterial effects. Stress conditions such as low pH, bile salts, and hypertonicity are inevitable negative factors for the normal survival of E. faecalis in the gastrointestinal tract. Under the stress and inhibition of bile salt, E. faecalis needs specific adaptation and coping style if it wants to successfully colonize the intestine stably. The appropriate concentration of flavonoids can assist probiotics to serve a beneficial role and help them resist the stress of external irresistible environmental factors. In the present research, RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) technology was employed to investigate the influence of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids (CPF) on E. faecalis 131-2 (E. faecalis 131-2) exposed to bile salt stress. Analysis results revealed that under bile salt stress, many genes related to cellular process, catalytic activity and transport activity were significantly differentially expressed (P &lt; 0·05), and some not expected variations of which could be partly alleviated by supplementation of CPF, indicating its capacity to improve the bile salt tolerances of E. faecalis 131-2. Additionally, CPF alleviated the obvious inhibitory effects of bile salt stress on the exponential growth of E. faecalis 131-2. An overall view of the physiological and transcriptomic changes of E. faecalis 131-2 under bile salt stresses with or without CPF will further deepen our understanding of the mechanism by which CPF assists E. faecalis 131-2 to perform beneficial functions in the gastrointestinal environment.
Effects of swimming on facial sebum in adolescents
Authors: Morss‐Walton Peyton C. , Kimball Ranch , Rosales Santillan Monica , McGee Jean S. , Cukras Anthony , Patwardhan Sachin V. , Porter Martina L. , Kimball Alexa B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSwimmers often complain of dry skin, consistent with decreased skin sebum levels, and yet may also have acne, which is commonly related to elevated sebum levels. Sixteen adolescent swimmers with and without acne were enrolled to examine two markers of facial sebum levels before and after 1 hour of swimming. Swimmers with acne did not have significant decreases in their sebum levels or shine measurements after swimming, whereas swimmers without acne did. Overall, swimming may remove superficial sebum more than follicular sebum and therefore leave swimmers subject to both dry skin and acne simultaneously.
Cannibalism mitigation in striped murrel, Channa striata, with hatchery seed weaned on pellet diet: A review
Authors: Raizada Sudhir , Rawat Anurag , Srivastava Prem P. , Lal Kuldeep K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStriped snakehead is one of the important food fish of high commercial value due to preference for its meat quality, therapeutic and antinociceptive properties. The species is distributed in many countries in South Asia to South‐East Asia. The current production of the species is largely contributed from the capture fisheries as there are several inherent problems associated with its farming. The major bottlenecks for aquaculture production are insufficient knowledge on reproductive biology, captive breeding, higher mortalities of larvae in nursing phases, intracohort cannibalism and non‐acceptance of artificial diet. The available information on these issues is sparse, often anecdotal and needs comprehensive up‐scaling. To address this gap, this review compiles the available information on this species to have a better understanding of reproductive biology, captive spawning, larval rearing, cannibalism mitigation, nursery rearing of seed in different rearing systems, and most important being weaning seed on the artificial diet so that this species could be cultured on artificial diets in the grow‐out systems. It is expected that this review would provide useful information for the production of feed‐weaned hatchery‐seed.