bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elimination of antibiotic contaminants from wastewater using polycarbazole nanocomposites as microwave-activated catalysts
Authors: Zia Jannatun , Zaidi Noushi , Jadoun Sapana , Riaz Ufana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a widely used antibiotic, and its presence in water bodies poses a risk due to its resistance to conventional wastewater treatment processes. The accumulation of such pharmaceuticals can disrupt aquatic ecosystems, harm aquatic life, and contribute to ecological imbalances. Therefore, the degradation of CIP is of immense environmental significance. This study presents the microwave-assisted catalytic degradation of the antibiotic drug CIP using nanocomposites of carbazole copolymerized with pyrrole (PCz-co-PPy) and with thiophene (PCz-co-PTh). The PCz-co-PPy and PCz-co-PTh nanocomposites were synthesized through an ultrasound-assisted method. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized using spectral and morphological analyses. FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed successful intercalation and copolymerization, while FESEM images revealed a chain-like morphology. These copolymer nanocomposites were employed as microwave-active catalysts for CIP degradation, achieving an optimal degradation efficiency of 95% within 21 min using PCz-co-PPy-50/50 and PCz-co-PTh-50/50 at 600 W microwave power. The degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with rate constants calculated as 0.031 min−1, 0.020 min−1, 0.030 min−1, 0.056 min−1, and 0.071 min−1 for PCz, PPy, PTh, PCz-co-PPy-50/50, and PCz-co-PTh-50/50 nanocomposites, respectively, for a 50 mg l−1 CIP solution. The catalytic efficiency is attributed to the formation of microwave-induced active species, including hot spots, electrons (e−), holes (h+), superoxide radicals (•O2
−), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Scavenger analysis verified that •OH and •O2
− radicals play a crucial role in CIP degradation. A possible degradation mechanism and pathway for the nanocomposite system is proposed.
A low-cost PPG sensor-based empirical study on healthy aging based on changes in PPG morphology
Authors: Saran Khalid Muhammad , Shahid Quraishi Ikramah , Wasim Nawaz Muhammad , Sajjad Hadia , Yaseen Hira , Mehmood Ahsan , Mahboob Ur Rahman M , Abbasi Qammer H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. We study the changes in morphology of the photoplethysmography (PPG) signals–acquired from a select group of South Asian origin–through a low-cost PPG sensor, and correlate it with healthy aging which allows us to reliably estimate the vascular age and chronological age of a healthy person as well as the age group he/she belongs to. Approach. Raw infrared PPG data is collected from the finger-tip of 173 apparently healthy subjects, aged 3–61 years, via a non-invasive low-cost MAX30102 PPG sensor. In addition, the following metadata is recorded for each subject: age, gender, height, weight, family history of cardiac disease, smoking history, vitals (heart rate and SpO2). The raw PPG data is conditioned and 62 features are then extracted based upon the first four PPG derivatives. Then, correlation-based feature-ranking is performed which retains 26 most important features. Finally, the feature set is fed to three machine learning classifiers, i.e. logistic regression, random forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and two shallow neural networks: a feedforward neural network and a convolutional neural network. Main results. For the age group classification problem, the ensemble method XGboost stands out with an accuracy of 99% for both binary classification (3–20 years vs. 20+ years) and three-class classification (3–18 years, 18–23 years, 23+ years). For the vascular/chronological age prediction problem, the ensemble random forest method stands out with a mean absolute error of 6.97 years. Significance. The results demonstrate that PPG is indeed a promising (i.e. low-cost, non-invasive) biomarker to study the healthy aging phenomenon.
Time-resolved deuterium–deuterium fusion born 1 MeV triton confinement study in EAST deuterium plasma
Authors: Ogawa Kunihiro , Zhong Guoqiang , Liao LongYong , Chen Weikun , Zhou Ruijie , Li Kai , Takada Eiji , Sangaroon Siriyaporn , Hu Liqun , Isobe Mitsutaka 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A time-resolved deuterium–deuterium (D–D) fusion-born triton confinement study, aimed at understanding alpha particle confinement ability, was performed in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) deuterium plasmas for the first time. A scintillating fiber detector was developed for measuring the secondary deuterium–tritium (D–T) neutrons, which provide evidence of triton slowdown, in EAST. The D–D fusion-born triton confinement experiment was performed by measuring secondary D–T neutrons in D-beam-heated D plasma with a plasma current of 400 kA. The secondary D–T neutron signal and its time evolution were obtained using pulse height discrimination analysis. The D–T neutron rate was calculated using the classical energetic ion confinement model to clarify the D–T neutron measurements. The secondary D–T neutron emission rate obtained from the numerical simulation closely agrees with the experimentally obtained results when considering the prompt loss of the tritons.
Feedback-enabled low-latency adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron logic using a mixed clocking scheme
Authors: He Yuxing , Lei Zhiliang , Wei Changning , Zou Xihua , Yan Lianshan , Johnston Michael A , Yoshikawa Nobuyuki , Ayala Christopher L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) logic stands as an energy-efficient superconductor logic family relying on ac excitations. Though a four-phase clocking scheme has been commonly applied to excite and clock AQFP circuits, the cost of multiple sources and long between-stage latency (a quarter clock cycle) remain unsatisfactory. These drawbacks are more severe for sequential logics, where feedback loops require both down-flow and reverse-flow AQFP gates, necessitating extra buffers and imposing a limit on operating depth at the same time. To overcome these restrictions, in this paper, we introduce a novel mixed clocking scheme for low-latency AQFP logic circuits allowing feedback loops. In particular, the down-flow part of the AQFP circuit is excited by an ac current through delay-lines, which can reduce the latency from input to output stages. Meanwhile, the reverse-flow part is clocked by 2 other ac currents with 90° phase difference to reduce the buffering gates. The proposed clocking scheme is first applied to a fundamental logic circuit, confirming correct functionality and low-latency operations for diverse feedback conditions. For experimental validation, we design and fabricate a 3-bit AQFP counter using the proposed clocking scheme based on an on-chip clock splitter. The circuit is examined at 4 GHz under 4.2 K temperature, where we obtain desired operations and wide excitation margins.
TM doped CdS Monolayer As Sensing Material toward Harmful Gases of Mines: A first-principles study
Authors: Qin ZengMing , Xu ZeJun , Ding HongWei , Sun XuZhou , Zhang YaXin , Jiang Weimin , Wang Feng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the applicability of TM doped CdS monolayers (TM-CdS, TM=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) as sensing materials for detecting common harmful gases in mining environments. Using density functional theory, we conducted an in-depth study on the effect of TM doping on CdS monolayers and simulated the adsorption behavior of CO and NO molecules on TM-CdS surfaces. Our research results indicate that TM-CdS exhibits low binding energy, significant charge transfer, and orbital hybridization between TM 3d and S 2p orbitals, confirming their stability. In the adsorption system, due to the small charge transfer amount and high adsorption energy, NO is physically adsorbed on the Cu-CdS system, but exhibits chemical adsorption on CO. In addition, CO and NO molecules adsorbed on Co, Fe, Ni modified CdS belong to chemical adsorption, which is due to the small adsorption distance and energy of the adsorption system, as well as the large charge transfer. At the same time, the results of the conductivity and desorption time of the adsorption system emphasize the potential of TM doped CdS in gas sensing applications, stimulating further research on metal doped CdS materials for detection purposes.&#xD;
Single-shot fringe projection profilometry based on multi-task learning: efficient depth reconstruction without explicit system calibrations
Authors: Zhong Xiaopin , Huang Junhao , Li Yanhua , Chen Jifeng , Tian Yibin , Wu Zongze 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) typically captures multiple fringe patterns projected onto an object’s surface to reconstruct one frame of its 3D profile. Efficiency can be greatly improved by using only a single projected fringe, which is important for real-time applications. However, it is generally believed that there is insufficient information for reliable depth reconstruction from a single-shot fringe image. In this study, we propose a multi-task learning approach to improve the accuracy and robustness of depth reconstruction from single-shot FPP, eliminating the need for tedious explicit imaging system calibration. The proposed approach was extensively validated on both synthetic and real-world datasets, and compared with other state-of-the-art deep learning methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed multi-task learning method for single-shot calibrationless FPP overcomes the limitations of traditional FPP and outperforms previous deep learning methods.
Slowly varying solitary waves in the extended shallow water model with a perturbation term
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Chen Yipu , Li Wentao , Li Fei , Yang Xiangyu , Li Biao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The extended Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation includes higher-order dispersive and nonlinear terms compared to the classical KdV equation, making it more aligned with real-world shallow water models. Mathematically, the expanded KdV equation in this paper refers specifically to the third equation of the KdV hierarchy. Taking into account the dissipative effects present in actual physical processes, this study investigates the slowly varying solitary waves of the perturbed extended KdV equation. By employing the multiple-scale method, we derived an approximate analytical solution for this perturbed system. Subsequently, we obtained initial conditions with physical significance and used the Fourier spectral method to acquire numerical solutions for the slowly varying solitary waves, which provides a mathematical basis for subsequent fluid dynamics research.
Towards an accurate treatment of the reduced speed of light approximation in parameterized radiative transfer simulations of reionization
Authors: Cain Christopher 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The reduced speed of light approximation (RSLA) has been employed to speed up radiative
transfer simulations of reionization by a factor of ≳ 5-10. However, it has been shown to
cause significant errors in the HI-ionizing background near reionization's end in simulations of
representative cosmological volumes. We show that using the RSLA is, to a good approximation,
equivalent to re-scaling the global ionizing emissivity in a redshift-dependent way. We derive
this re-scaling and show that it can be used to “correct” the emissivity in RSLA simulations.
This method requires the emissivity to be re-scaled after the simulation has been run, which
limits its applicability to situations where the emissivity is set “by hand” or determined by
free parameters. We test our method by running full speed of light simulations using these
re-scaled emissivities and comparing them with their RSLA counterparts. We find that for reduced
speeds of light c̃ ≥ 0.2, the 21 cm power spectrum at 0.1 ≤ k /[hMpc-1]
≤ 0.2 and key Lyα forest observables agree to within 20%, and often within 10%,
throughout reionization. Position-dependent time-delay effects cause inaccuracies in
reionization's morphology on large scales at the factor of 2 level for c̃ ≤ 0.1.
Our method allows for up to a factor of 5 speedup in studies that express the emissivity in
terms of free parameters, including efforts to constrain the emissivity using observations. This
is a crucial step towards constraining the ionizing properties of high-redshift galaxies using
efficient radiative transfer simulations.
Magnetogenesis from axion-SU(2) inflation
Authors: Brandenburg Axel , Iarygina Oksana , Sfakianakis Evangelos I. , Sharma Ramkishor 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We describe a novel proposal for inflationary magnetogenesis by identifying the
non-Abelian sector of Spectator Chromo Natural Inflation (SCNI) with the SU(2)L
sector of the Standard Model. This mechanism relies on the recently discovered attractor of SCNI
in the strong backreaction regime, where the gauge fields do not decay on super-horizon scales and
their backreaction leads to a stable new trajectory for the rolling axion field. The large
super-horizon gauge fields are partly transformed after the electroweak phase transition into
electromagnetic fields. The strength and correlation length of the resulting helical magnetic
fields depend on the inflationary Hubble scale and the details of the SCNI sector. For suitable
parameter choices we show that the strength of the resulting magnetic fields having correlation
lengths around 1 Mpc are consistent with the required intergalactic magnetic fields for
explaining the spectra of high energy γ rays from distant blazars.
Turbulent drag reduction by sector-shaped counter-flow dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator
Authors: Zheng 郑 Borui 博睿 , Qi 齐 Shaojie 少杰 , Yu 喻 Minghao 明浩 , Zhang 张 Jianbo 剑波 , Wang 王 Linwu 林武 , Bian 卞 Dongliang 栋梁 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The primary objective in aircraft transportation is to minimize turbulent drag, thereby conserving energy and reducing emissions. We propose a sector-shaped counter-flow dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator, which leverages jet synthesis for drag reduction. A drag control experiment was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel with a controlled flow velocity of 9.6 m/s (Re = 1.445 × 104). This study investigated the effects of varying pulse frequencies and actuation voltages on the turbulent boundary layer. Using a hot-wire measurement system, we analyzed the pulsating and time-averaged velocity distributions within the boundary layer to evaluate the streamwise turbulent drag reduction. The results show that the local TDR decreases as the pulse frequency increases, reaching a maximum reduction of approximately 20.97% at a pulse frequency of 50 Hz. In addition, as the actuation voltage increases, the friction coefficient decreases, increasing the drag reduction rate. The maximum drag reduction of approximately 33.34% is achieved at an actuation voltage of 10 kV.
Radiation and magnetic field qualification of LVPS — a unified 12V DC power source for the CMS detector
Authors: Stachon K. , Dissertori G. , Gadek T. , Lustermann W. ,   the CMS collaboration
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Efforts aiming at consolidating the powering for the CMS detector have led to the development of a Low Voltage Power Supply (LVPS). The LVPS converts 380 V DC to 12 V DC, suitable for powering the widely used bPOL12V point-of-load DC-DC converter. To limit cable size, the LVPS must be hosted in the CMS experimental cavern, being exposed to ionizing radiation and stray magnetic field of up to 120 mT. The device is made of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components, therefore, thorough qualifications at various design stages were performed to ensure its reliable operation in the harsh environmental conditions for the HL-LHC era.
Transimpedance amplifier for LGAD noise measurements: design and characterization
Authors: Eremeev Iurii A. , Mele Filippo , Quercia Jacopo , Bertuccio Giuseppe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A wideband low-noise transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is designed for the measurement of the noise power spectral density (NPSD) of the current of low-gain avalanche diodes (LGADs). The design focuses on minimization of system background noise and maximization of operating bandwidth. The diffusive line effect of the high value resistor used in the feedback network has been analyzed, and a compensation of its effect has been implemented. With a transimpedance of 200 MΩ, a background white noise of 9.5 fA/√(Hz) and an input current dynamic range up to 20 nA are achieved. The useful bandwidth ranges from 1 kHz up to 3 MHz depending on the noise level to be measured. An effective method for calibrating the system and measuring its transfer function with high accuracy over the full bandwidth is described. The designed TIA enables an accurate characterization of LGADs noise, which is a crucial step for the technology qualification and for the prediction of the performance of these devices as radiation and particle detectors.
From lab to life: advances in in-situ bioprinting and bioink technology
Authors: Kumar Manav Sree , Varma Payal , Kandasubramanian Balasubramanian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bioprinting has the potential to revolutionize tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, offering innovative solutions for complex medical challenges and addressing unmet clinical needs. However, traditional in vitro bioprinting techniques face significant limitations, including difficulties in fabricating and implanting scaffolds with irregular shapes, as well as limited accessibility for rapid clinical application. To overcome these challenges, in-situ bioprinting has emerged as a groundbreaking approach that enables the direct deposition of cells, biomaterials, and bioactive factors onto damaged organs or tissues, eliminating the need for pre-fabricated 3D constructs. This method promises a personalized, patient-specific approach to treatment, aligning well with the principles of precision medicine. The success of in-situ bioprinting largely depends on the advancement of bioinks, which are essential for maintaining cell viability and supporting tissue development. Recent innovations in hand-held bioprinting devices and robotic arms have further enhanced the flexibility of in-situ bioprinting, making it applicable to various tissue types, such as skin, hair, muscle, bone, cartilage, and composite tissues. This review examines in-situ bioprinting techniques, the development of smart, multifunctional bioinks, and their essential properties for promoting cell viability and tissue growth. It highlights the versatility and recent advancements in in-situ bioprinting methods and their applications in regenerating a wide range of tissues and organs. Furthermore, it addresses the key challenges that must be overcome for broader clinical adoption and propose strategies to advance these technologies toward mainstream medical practice.
Ecological niche conservatism and diversification in a clade of New World jays from the tropical lowland forests of Mesoamerica
Authors: Castillo-Chora Vicente J , Etienne Rampal S , Sánchez-González Luis A , Mastretta-Yanes Alicia , Navarro-Sigüenza Adolfo G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Here, we aimed to assess the role of historical (climate events) and the current geographical and ecological features in the evolutionary history of a clade of New World jays. Using an ellipsoid-based approach relying on environmental climatic layers and occurrence data, we tested whether closely related taxa in the clade Cyanocorax colliei + C. formosus + C. morio occupy ecologically different environmental spaces throughout their mostly allopatric distribution in a semihomogeneous landscape, and whether they have been influenced by similar processes given the geographical and ecological context of the Mesoamerican lowland tropical forests. We reconstructed palaeo-distributions to assess the effects of climate shifts on their current patterns of distribution. Additionally, we assess the importance of areas that could function as environmental barriers between taxa. Our results at the species level show evidence for niche divergence for two of the three species pairs. Geographical transferences (areas of suitability inferred by the model) seem to have good explanatory power for current subspecies distribution and variation. At the subspecies level, we find no evidence for niche divergence; the observed parapatric and allopatric distributions seem instead associated with historical environmental differences and ecological barriers limiting the connection between populations with similar niche requirements.
Making it happen: trauma-informed ESOL teaching in Scottish FE
Authors: Dunn Orsolya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The article explores trauma and its psychological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioural impact in the language classroom and considers the trauma-informed guiding principles of safety, choice, empowerment, belonging, and connection that can mitigate the effects of trauma in a Scottish further education setting. Examining the practical implementation of classroom-level use of trauma-informed strategies in a Scottish Further Education ESOL context draws attention to the wider institutional and societal constraints that determine teachers’ practice. By focussing on the potential affordances of Scottish ESOL lecturers when it comes to engaging in trauma-informed practice, the article problematises the concept of self-care for practitioners and argues that advocacy for practitioner well-being and student well-being is a vital element of practitioners’ ability to engage in trauma-informed practice.
A European climate bond
Authors: Monasterolo Irene , Pacelli Antonia , Pagano Marco , Russo Carmine 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
Europe faces a large climate investment gap. To fill this gap, we propose the joint issuance of European climate bonds. These bonds would be funded by selling greenhouse gas emission allowances through the Emissions Trading System, extended to cover all sectors. Access to the resulting funds would be conditional on countries’ performance in implementing climate projects. European climate bonds would meet the demand for a safe, liquid and green asset, while accelerating climate investment, increasing its resilience to sovereign crises and the greening of both investors’ portfolios and monetary policy.
Factors affecting cancer care delivery in primary care: a qualitative study
Authors: Gopal Dipesh P , Guo Ping , Taylor Stephanie J C , Efstathiou Nikolaos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
One role of primary care is to support people living with and beyond cancer, the number of whom is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to identify factors affecting cancer care provision within English primary care after the start of the coronavirus pandemic, during high healthcare service demand, and a depleted workforce.

Methods
An exploratory qualitative descriptive approach was used to collect data via remote semi-structured interviews with primary care staff after gaining informed consent. Interview transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Fifteen primary care staff were interviewed (11 general practitioners, 3 practice nurses, and 1 physician associate). Factors affecting cancer care delivery in primary care were: (i) patient level: acceptance of healthcare and understanding of cancer; (ii) clinician level: personal experience with cancer and knowledge; (iii) general practice level: care coordinators and cancer registers, and (iv) system level: lack of healthcare resourcing and political inaction.

Conclusions
The ability of primary care to deliver cancer care is affected by multiple factors at various levels. Future studies should identify the implementation strategies of local and national policies to better understand how to improve cancer care education, practice-level infrastructure, evidence-based workforce planning, and healthcare resourcing,