bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wireless Soft Scalp Electronics and Virtual Reality System for Motor Imagery‐Based Brain–Machine Interfaces
Authors: Mahmood Musa , Kwon Shinjae , Kim Hojoong , Kim Yun‐Soung , Siriaraya Panote , Choi Jeongmoon , Otkhmezuri Boris , Kang Kyowon , Yu Ki Jun , Jang Young C. , Ang Chee Siang , Yeo Woon‐Hong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMotor imagery offers an excellent opportunity as a stimulus‐free paradigm for brain–machine interfaces. Conventional electroencephalography (EEG) for motor imagery requires a hair cap with multiple wired electrodes and messy gels, causing motion artifacts. Here, a wireless scalp electronic system with virtual reality for real‐time, continuous classification of motor imagery brain signals is introduced. This low‐profile, portable system integrates imperceptible microneedle electrodes and soft wireless circuits. Virtual reality addresses subject variance in detectable EEG response to motor imagery by providing clear, consistent visuals and instant biofeedback. The wearable soft system offers advantageous contact surface area and reduced electrode impedance density, resulting in significantly enhanced EEG signals and classification accuracy. The combination with convolutional neural network‐machine learning provides a real‐time, continuous motor imagery‐based brain–machine interface. With four human subjects, the scalp electronic system offers a high classification accuracy (93.22 ± 1.33% for four classes), allowing wireless, real‐time control of a virtual reality game.
Redox‐Mediated Artificial Non‐Enzymatic Antioxidant MXene Nanoplatforms for Acute Kidney Injury Alleviation
Authors: Zhao Xing , Wang Li‐Ya , Li Jia‐Meng , Peng Li‐Mei , Tang Chun‐Yan , Zha Xiang‐Jun , Ke Kai , Yang Ming‐Bo , Su Bai‐Hai , Yang Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI), as a common oxidative stress‐related renal disease, causes high mortality in clinics annually, and many other clinical diseases, including the pandemic COVID‐19, have a high potential to cause AKI, yet only rehydration, renal dialysis, and other supportive therapies are available for AKI in the clinics. Nanotechnology‐mediated antioxidant therapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI treatment. However, current enzyme‐mimicking nanoantioxidants show poor biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as non‐specific ROS level regulation, further potentially causing deleterious adverse effects. Herein, the authors report a novel non‐enzymatic antioxidant strategy based on ultrathin Ti3C2‐PVP nanosheets (TPNS) with excellent biocompatibility and great chemical reactivity toward multiple ROS for AKI treatment. These TPNS nanosheets exhibit enzyme/ROS‐triggered biodegradability and broad‐spectrum ROS scavenging ability through the readily occurring redox reaction between Ti3C2 and various ROS, as verified by theoretical calculations. Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that TPNS can serve as efficient antioxidant platforms to scavenge the overexpressed ROS and subsequently suppress oxidative stress‐induced inflammatory response through inhibition of NF‐κB signal pathway for AKI treatment. This study highlights a new type of therapeutic agent, that is, the redox‐mediated non‐enzymatic antioxidant MXene nanoplatforms in treatment of AKI and other ROS‐associated diseases.
A Stacked Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Electrochemical Random‐Access Memory for Scalable Implementation
Authors: Tuchman Yaakov , Quill Tyler J. , LeCroy Garrett , Salleo Alberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrganic semiconductors have emerged as an attractive class of materials for neuromorphic computing applications, particularly in crossbar arrays for artificial neural network (ANN) accelerators. Here, one of the last persistent challenges facing organic materials for adoption in these applications is addressed by developing a fabrication process capable of lithographically patterning vertical, three‐terminal electrochemical random‐access memories (ECRAMs). Central to the realization of this device architecture is the development of a hybrid electrolyte system: a porous inorganic matrix permeated with an ionic liquid, which enables vertical stacking of the organic semiconductor channel and gate. The resulting stacked hybrid organic/inorganic ECRAMs (SHOEs) exhibit superior dynamic range to comparable lateral devices (>2×), exceptional cycling endurance (>109 Write–Read Cycles), low energy switching (2.7 pJ), and can be fabricated with dimensions limited by lithographic resolution. The fabrication process developed allows for independent control over device channel, electrolyte, and gate dimensions, and by reducing channel lengths down to a single micron, the fabricated devices can operate (Write+Read) at >MHz speeds. Further, the hybrid electrolyte design provides an effective means to confine an ionic liquid for use in other electrolyte‐gated devices.
Inkjet Printing of Few‐Layer Enriched Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Electronic Devices
Authors: Jun Ho Young , Ryu Sang Ouk , Kim Se Hyun , Kim Jun Young , Chang Chih‐Hung , Ryu Si Ok , Choi Chang‐Ho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) is considered among the promising material for electronic devices. A wide range of studies involving properties, exfoliation, and applications of thin‐layered BP nanosheets (NSs) has been put forward. Along with understanding properties of thin‐layered BP NSs, efforts to enlighten the intrinsic characteristics of the BP film should be also accompanied to extend applications of the material. In this study, a facile and efficient inkjet printing approach is introduced to fabricate patterned BP films. This approach successfully addresses the complexity of the ink formulation and thus enables to pattern the high‐quality BP film at as high a resolution as tens of micrometers. The printed BP pattern provides its intrinsic characteristics including electronic properties, conducting mechanism, and stability, which are essential to advancing the printed BP electronic device. By integrating the printed BP pattern into a diode device, its potential for electronic devices is demonstrated. This inkjet printing technique will facilitate the development of printing patterns of 2D materials in a facile and cost‐effective manner and further boost the research on advanced electronic devices.
Porous 3D Silicon‐Diamondyne Blooms Excellent Storage and Diffusion Properties for Li, Na, and K Ions
Authors: Yang Ze , Song Yuwei , Zhang Chunfang , He Jianjiang , Li Xiaodong , Wang Xin , Wang Ning , Li Yuliang , Huang Changshui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRegarding different kinds of alkali metal ion batteries such as lithium‐ion battery (LIB), sodium‐ion battery (NIB), and potassium‐ion battery (KIB), since the diameters and properties of these ions are different, there are few materials that are adaptable simultaneously as the anode for these batteries. To achieve the versatile compatibility material, its chemical component and spatial configuration need to be predesigned for possessing abundant storage sites and efficient diffusion paths. Here, a well‐designed 3D material silicon‐diamondyne (Si‐DY) is prepared which is only comprised of butadiyne units and sp3‐hybridized silicon atoms. Owing to the combination of the abundant diyne and various inner channels in the stable diamond‐like skeleton, Si‐DY exhibits excellent storage and diffusion properties for alkali metal ions. The Si‐DY is predicted with an ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 3674, 2810, and 1945 mAh g−1 for lithium, sodium, and potassium ions, respectively. Especially, as the anode of LIB, NIB, and KIB, Si‐DY achieves very high stable practical specific capacities of 2350, 812, and 512 mAh g−1, respectively, as well as an ultra‐long cycling stability. Those outstanding results demonstrate that the as‐designed Si‐DY displays an exceptional potential as the versatile material for energy applications.
Are improvements in convenience good enough for consumers to prefer new food processing technologies?
Authors: Garrido Dolores , Karina Gallardo Rosa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe use choice experiments to investigate heterogeneity in preferences for a refrigerated ready‐to‐heat meal with an extended shelf life and the processing technology (i.e., microwave‐assisted pasteurization) that provides that longevity. On average, an extra day of shelf life decreases the utility associated with purchasing and eating the meal. A segmentation analysis reveals the presence of convenience consumers, who are willing to pay a premium for a more convenient meal (with an extended shelf life), but the interaction effect of shelf life with technology reverts their willingness to pay for an extra day of shelf life, suggesting a negative reaction to the new technology. (EconLit Citations: Q13, Q16, Q19).
Separation of multicomponent aromatic/aliphatic mixtures by simulated moving bed adsorption: Modeling and experiments
Authors: Yang Shaowei , Kalyanaraman Jayashree , Jayachandrababu Krishna C. , Fu Qiang , Guo Siwei , Partridge Randall D. , Joshi Yogesh V. , Paek Changyub , Nair Sankar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSimulated moving bed (SMB) adsorption has potential for efficient separation of many valuable chemical mixtures, but considerably less attention has been devoted to multicomponent feeds relative to binary mixtures. We take a rigorous experimental and modeling approach to study multicomponent separation of aromatics and aliphatics with a mesoporous silica adsorbent, which is relevant in many petrochemical applications such as separation of reformate and distillate streams. Our approach involves refining multicomponent adsorption, mass transfer, and SMB process parameters based upon detailed experimental inputs, with progressive addition of components. We develop a robust model that quantitatively predicts the influence of key operating parameters such as stream flow rates, desorbent/feed ratio, and switch time on the separation results and concentration profiles. The model is validated as a function of feed complexity by SMB experiments and column concentration profile measurements in a 16‐column mini‐plant. Furthermore, conditions for clear separation of each mixture are developed.
What is normal bone health? A bioarchaeological perspective on meaningful measures and interpretations of bone strength, loss, and aging
Authors: Agarwal Sabrina C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBioarchaeological (the study of archeological human remains together with contextual and documentary evidence) offers a unique vantage point to examine variation in skeletal morphology related to influences such as activity, disease, and nutrition. The human skeleton is composed of a dynamic tissue that is forged by biocultural factors over the entire life course, providing a record of individual, and community history. Various aspects of adult bone health, particularly bone maintenance and loss and the associated skeletal disease osteoporosis, have been examined in numerous past populations. The anthropological study of bone loss has traditionally focused on the signature of postmenopausal aging, costs of reproduction, and fragility in females. The a priori expectation of normative sex‐related bone loss/fragility in bioanthropological studies illustrates the wider gender‐ideological bias that continues in research design and data analysis in the field. Contextualized data on bone maintenance and aging in the archeological record show that patterns of bone loss do not constitute predictable consequences of aging or biological sex. Instead, the critical examination of bioarchaeological data highlights the complex and changing processes that craft the human body over the life course, and calls for us to question the ideal or “normal” range of bone quantity and quality in the human skeleton, and to critically reflect on what measures are actually biologically and/or socially meaningful.
Exon skip‐inducing variants in FLNA in an attenuated form of frontometaphyseal dysplasia
Authors: Wade Emma M. , Jenkins Zandra A. , Morgan Tim , Gimenez Gregory , Gibson Hayley , Peng Hui , Sanchez Russo Rossana , Skraban Cara M. , Bedoukian Emma , Robertson Stephen P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPathogenic variation in the X‐linked gene FLNA causes a wide range of human developmental phenotypes. Loss‐of‐function is usually male embryonic‐lethal, and most commonly results in a neuronal migration disorder in affected females. Gain‐of‐function variants cause a spectrum of skeletal dysplasias that present with variable additional, often distinctive, soft‐tissue anomalies in males and females. Here we present two, unrelated, male individuals with novel, intronic variants in FLNA that are predicted to be pathogenic. Their phenotypes are reminiscent of the gain‐of‐function spectrum without the skeletal manifestations. Most strikingly, they manifest urethral anomalies, cardiac malformations, and keloid scarring, all commonly encountered features of frontometaphyseal dysplasia. Both variants prevent inclusion of exon 40 into the FLNA transcript, predicting the in‐frame deletion of 42 amino acids, however the abundance of FLNA protein was equivalent to that observed in healthy individuals. Loss of these 42 amino acids removes sites that mediate key FLNA functions, including binding of some ligands and phosphorylation. This phenotype further expands the spectrum of the FLNA filaminopathies.
Copper‐Mediated (2‐Methylthio)aniline Directed Annulation of sp2 C−H Bonds with Primary Anilines
Authors: Tran Khoa M. , Ho Nhat T. , Le Trang T. T. , Nguyen Tung T. , Phan Nam T. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA method for copper‐mediated, directed functionalization of sp2 C−H bonds in benzamides with primary anilines toward synthesis of indazolones is reported. Successful transformations relied on the use of a bidentate 2‐methylthio aniline directing group. Functionalities including halogen, methylthio, cyano, ester, protected alcohol, and tertiary amine groups were compatible with reaction conditions. The method features a rare example for directed annulation of sp2 C−H bonds with amines.
Conventional microscopy makes perikymata count and spacing data feasible for large samples
Authors: Edgar Heather J. H. , Moes Emily , Willermet Cathy , S. Ragsdale Corey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesCurrent methods of quantifying defects of dental enamel (DDE) include either gross or low‐level examination for linear enamel hypoplasia, histological analysis of striae of Retzius, or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of a tooth or a tooth cast. Gross examination has been shown to miss many defects. Other methods can be destructive, require transporting samples, and are expensive. Here, we show that digital light microscopy (DLM) can be used for the analysis of DDE as indicated by widened perikymata spacing (WPS). This method takes advantage of high‐power (100×) microscopy, but is non‐destructive, can be implemented almost anywhere, and is inexpensive.Materials and MethodsAs proof of concept, we created photomontages of labial surfaces of five human canines from images made using DLM and SEM. We counted and measured the widths of all visible perikymata for each imaging modality and fit measurements to a negative curve representing the expected values for each tooth. We calculated residuals for each measurement. WPS were defined when R2 was in the 90th percentile, and were considered matched in DLM and SEM images when observed within the same decile of the tooth surface.ResultsThere were more WPS detected in the images derived from DLM than from SEM. Overall, the data derived from the two imaging modalities provided similar information about the frequency and timing of stress during dental development.ConclusionsThe method described here allows for DDE data acquisition as WPS from large samples, making feasible population‐level studies that reflect sophisticated understanding of dental development.
Untersuchung von Dynamik, Struktur und Magnetismus von schaltbaren Metall‐organischen Gerüstverbindungen mittels 1H‐detektierter MAS‐NMR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Blahut Jan , Lejeune Arthur L. , Ehrling Sebastian , Senkovska Irena , Kaskel Stefan , Wisser Florian M. , Pintacuda Guido 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWir präsentieren neue Werkzeuge für die schnelle Charakterisierung pulverförmiger Proben paramagnetischer MOFs in natürlicher Häufigkeit mittels 1H‐detektierter Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie. Sehr schnelle MAS‐Raten bei Raumtemperatur und tiefen Temperaturen sowie eine Auswahl maßgeschneiderter Pulssequenzen werden genutzt, um die Beschränkungen hinsichtlich Empfindlichkeit und Auflösung zu beheben, von denen die Charakterisierung neuer MOFs oft begleitet ist. Wir demonstrieren diesen Ansatz an DUT‐8(Ni), einem MOF mit Ni2+‐Schaufelrad‐Einheiten, das in zwei deutlich unterschiedlichen Strukturen existiert. Gut aufgelöste 1H‐ und 13C‐Resonanzen der organischen Linker werden mit nur 1–2 mg Probe in natürlicher Häufigkeit binnen weniger Stunden erhalten, zugeordnet, und genutzt, um schnell Informationen über die Struktur und die lokale interne Dynamik der Verbindungen zu erlangen und um die elektronischen Eigenschaften des Metalls in einem weiten Temperaturbereich aufzuklären.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomative Methoxyallylation of 3‐Nitroindoles with Allyl Carbonates
Authors: Xie Jia‐Hao , Zheng Chao , You Shu‐Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein we report a Pd‐catalyzed dearomative methoxyallylation of 3‐nitroindoles with readily available allyl carbonates. Good yields (up to 86 %) and diastereoselectivity (up to >20:1 dr) are obtained for a wide range of substrates. The compatibility of gram‐scale synthesis and the relatively low catalyst loading (down to 1 mol % of [Pd]) enhance the practicality of this method. The kinetic experiments indicate that the rate‐determining step of this reaction is the nucleophilic attack of the alkoxide anion.
Glycopolymer Microarrays with Sub‐Femtomolar Avidity for Glycan Binding Proteins Prepared by Grafted‐To/Grafted‐From Photopolymerizations
Authors: Valles Daniel J. , Zholdassov Yerzhan S. , Korpanty Joanna , Uddin Samiha , Naeem Yasir , Mootoo David R. , Gianneschi Nathan C. , Braunschweig Adam B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report a novel glycan array architecture that binds the mannose‐specific glycan binding protein, concanavalin A (ConA), with sub‐femtomolar avidity. A new radical photopolymerization developed specifically for this application combines the grafted‐from thiol–(meth)acrylate polymerization with thiol–ene chemistry to graft glycans to the growing polymer brushes. The propagation of the brushes was studied by carrying out this grafted‐to/grafted‐from radical photopolymerization (GTGFRP) at >400 different conditions using hypersurface photolithography, a printing strategy that substantially accelerates reaction discovery and optimization on surfaces. The effect of brush height and the grafting density of mannosides on the binding of ConA to the brushes was studied systematically, and we found that multivalent and cooperative binding account for the unprecedented sensitivity of the GTGFRP brushes. This study further demonstrates the ease with which new chemistry can be tailored for an application as a result of the advantages of hypersurface photolithography.
Monitoring Dynamics, Structure, and Magnetism of Switchable Metal–Organic Frameworks via 1H‐Detected MAS NMR
Authors: Blahut Jan , Lejeune Arthur L. , Ehrling Sebastian , Senkovska Irena , Kaskel Stefan , Wisser Florian M. , Pintacuda Guido 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a toolbox for the rapid characterisation of powdered samples of paramagnetic metal–organic frameworks at natural abundance by 1H‐detected solid‐state NMR. Very fast MAS rates at room and cryogenic temperatures and a set of tailored radiofrequency irradiation schemes help overcome the sensitivity and resolution limits often associated with the characterisation of MOF materials. We demonstrate the approach on DUT‐8(Ni), a framework containing Ni2+ paddle‐wheel units which can exist in two markedly different architectures. Resolved 1H and 13C resonances of organic linkers are detected and assigned in few hours with only 1–2 mg of sample at natural isotopic abundance, and used to rapidly extract information on structure and local internal dynamics of the assemblies, as well as to elucidate the metal electronic properties over an extended temperature range. The experiments disclose new possibilities for describing local and global structural changes and correlating them to electronic and magnetic properties of the assemblies.
The influence of the transparent layer thickness on the absorption capacity of epoxy/carbon nanotube buckypaper at X‐band
Authors: Reis Felipe Carlos dos , Rezende Mirabel Cerqueira , Ribeiro Bruno 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCarbon nanotube films (BPs) as EMI shielding materials can be applied in electronic and communication devices due to their high electrical conductivity. Sandwich structures can offer excellent shielding effectiveness by introducing a wave‐transmitting layer between conductive films. However, the optimization of the structure demands a deep investigation and plays a crucial role in the final shielding properties of the composites. In this work, BPs are incorporated into epoxy substrates with variable thicknesses (1–6 mm) to fabricate epoxy/BP sandwich structures. The morphology of the CNT films is analyzed by SEM, and the electrical conductivity of all prepared samples is measured by 4‐point method. The electromagnetic tests are carried out in the X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz) through the scattering parameters. SEM images reveal a porous structure without visible agglomeration. The electrical conductivity of the BP reaches up to 996 S/m, whereas the values for epoxy/BP composites varies in the range of 8.51–3.13 S/m (1 to 3 mm). BP total shielding efficiency (SET) is approximately 14 dB along the X‐band spectrum, with similar contributions of reflection and absorption losses. While, the composites show mainly absorbing behavior, especially in the thicker samples, with more significant SET values (23.4 dB–6 mm).
An emphasis on dynamic mechanical properties of novel stilbene containing copolymer/organo‐MMTnanocomposites fabricated via in situ interlamellar copolymerization
Authors: Kavlak Serap , Can Hatice Kaplan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to synthesis and characterize the novel functional stilbene containing copolymer‐clay nanocomposites, make clear the influence of organo‐clay on peculiarities of the nanocomposites and emphasis on the dynamic mechanical properties. For this purpose, poly(acrylamide‐co‐trans‐stilbene)‐organo‐MMT [poly(AAm‐co‐Stb)‐O‐MMT] nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ interlamellar solution copolymerization with organically modified montmorillonite (O‐MMT) clay due to its superior properties gives to copolymer. The effect of different amounts of O‐MMT clay incorporation to the nanocomposite structure and properties of copolymer/O‐MMT clay nanocomposites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Attenuated Total Reflectance‐Fourier Transform Infrared, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimeter, Dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA) methods. XRD analysis showed the basal spacing of the O‐MMT increased in nanocomposites and this indicated that the intercalation of the copolymer chain into the O‐MMT interlayer performed and nanocomposites were obtained successfully. Additionally, copolymer/O‐MMT nanocomposites exhibited improved thermal properties at higher temperatures than the pristine copolymer. DMA results enlightened the viscoelastic properties of synthesized materials. DMA results indicated that obtained nanocomposites have higher mechanical strength because of the interaction/compatibility in between copolymer chains and O‐MMT. In the light of these results, this work has introduced new perspectives on design, fabrication and viscoelastic properties of certain organo‐clay copolymer nanocomposites for the synthesis of new materials and potential industrial applications.