bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sucrose interferes with endogenous cytokinin homeostasis and expression of organogenesis-related genes during de novo shoot organogenesis in kohlrabi
Authors: Ćosić Tatjana , Motyka Václav , Savić Jelena , Raspor Martin , Marković Marija , Dobrev Petre I. , Ninković Slavica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCross-talk between phytohormones and sugars is intensely involved in plant metabolism, growth and regeneration. We documented alterations in cytokinin (CK) homeostasis in four developmental stages during de novo shoot organogenesis (DNSO) of kohlrabi (Brassica oleraceavar.gongylodescv. Vienna Purple) seedlings induced by exogenous CKs,trans-zeatin (transZ) and thidiazuron (TDZ), added together with elevated sucrose concentration (6% and 9%). Significant impact of CK and sucrose treatment and their interaction was recorded in all investigated stages, including plantlet development before calli formation (T1 and T2), calli formation (T3) and shoot regeneration (T4). Results showed remarkable increase in total CK levels fortransZ treatment, particularly with 9% sucrose. This trend was observed for all physiological and structural groups of CKs. Application of TDZ contributed to little or no increase in CK levels regardless of sucrose concentration. Analysis of expression profiles of organogenesis-related genes involved in auxin transport, CK response, shoot apical meristem formation and cell division revealed that higher sugar concentration significantly downregulated the analysed genes, particularly in T3. This continued on TDZ, buttransZ induced an opposite effect with 9% sucrose in T4, increasing gene activity. Our results demonstrated that phytohormone metabolism might be triggered by sucrose signalling in kohlrabi DNSO.
Serum C-reactive protein metabolite (CRPM) is associated with incidence of contralateral knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Bay-Jensen Anne-Christine , Bihlet Asger , Byrjalsen Inger , Andersen Jeppe Ragnar , Riis Bente Juhl , Christiansen Claus , Michaelis Martin , Guehring Hans , Ladel Christoph , Karsdal Morten A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe heterogeneous nature of osteoarthritis (OA) and the need to subtype patients is widely accepted in the field. The biomarker CRPM, a metabolite of C-reactive protein (CRP), is released to the circulation during inflammation. Blood CRPM levels have shown to be associated with disease activity and response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the level of blood CRPM in OA compared to RA using data from two phase III knee OA and two RA studies (N = 1591). Moreover, the association between CRPM levels and radiographic progression was investigated. The mean CRPM levels were significantly lower in OA (8.5 [95% CI 8.3–8.8] ng/mL, n = 781) compared to the RA patients (12.8 [9.5–16.0] ng/mL, n = 60); however, a significant subset of OA patients (31%) had CRPM levels (≥ 9 ng/mL) comparable to RA. Furthermore, OA patients (n = 152) with CRPM levels ≥ 9 ng/mL were more likely to develop contra-lateral knee OA assessed by X-ray over a two-year follow-up period with an odds ratio of 2.2 [1.0–4.7]. These data suggest that CRPM is a blood-based biochemical marker for early identification OA patients with an inflammatory phenotype.
Close linkage between blood total ketone body levels and B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with cardiovascular disorders
Authors: Kashiwagi Yusuke , Nagoshi Tomohisa , Inoue Yasunori , Tanaka Yoshiro , Takahashi Hirotake , Oi Yuhei , Kimura Haruka , Minai Kousuke , Yoshimura Michihiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn patients with cardiovascular disorders, blood total ketone body (TKB) levels increase with worsening heart failure and are consumed as an alternative fuel to fatty acid and glucose. We investigated factors contributing to the increase in the blood TKB levels in patients with cardiovascular disorders. The study population consisted of 1030 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac catheterization. Covariance structure analyses were performed to clarify the direct contribution of hemodynamic parameters, including the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, to TKB by excluding other confounding factors. These analyses showed that the TKB levels were significantly associated with the BNP level (P = 0.003) but not the LVEDP, LVESVI, or LVEDVI levels. This was clearly demonstrated on a two-dimensional contour line by Bayesian structure equation modeling. The TKB level was positively correlated with the BNP level, but not LVEDP, LVESVI or LVEDVI. These findings suggested that elevated blood TKB levels were more strongly stimulated by the increase in BNP than by hemodynamic deterioration. BNP might induce the elevation of TKB levels for use as an important alternative fuel in the failing heart.
A learning curve in using organ retractor for single-incision laparoscopic right colectomy
Authors: Shiraishi Toshio , Tominaga Tetsuro , Nonaka Takashi , Hamada Kiyoaki , Araki Masato , Sumida Yorihisa , Takeshita Hiroaki , Fukuoka Hidetoshi , To Kazuo , Tanaka Kenji , Sawai Terumitsu , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSingle-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has the potential to improve perioperative outcomes, including less postoperative pain, shorter operation time, less blood loss, and shorter hospital stay. However, SILS is technically difficult and needs a longer learning curve. Between April 2016 and September 2019, a total of 198 patients with clinical stage I/II right colon cancer underwent curative resection. In the case of the SILS approach, an organ retractor was usually used to overcome SILS-specific restrictions. The patients were divided into two groups by surgical approach: the SILS with organ retractor group (SILS-O, n = 33) and the conventional laparoscopic surgery group (LAC, n = 165). Clinical T status was significantly higher in the LAC group (p = 0.016). Operation time was shorter and blood loss was lower in the SILS-O group compared to the LAC group (117 vs. 197 min, p = 0.027; 10 vs. 25 mL, p = 0.024, respectively). In the SILS-O group, surgical outcomes including operation time, blood loss, number of retrieved lymph nodes, and postoperative complications were not significantly different between those performed by experts and by non-experts. Longer operation time (p = 0.041) was significantly associated with complications on univariate and multivariate analyses (odds ratio 2.514, 95%CI 1.047–6.035, p = 0.039). SILS-O was safe and feasible for right colon cancer. There is a potential to shorten the learning curve of SILS using an organ retractor.
A single day fasting may increase emergency room visits due to renal colic
Authors: Zilberman Dorit E. , Drori Tomer , Shvero Asaf , Mor Yoram , Winkler Harry Z. , Kleinmann Nir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe aimed to explore whether a single-day of fasting (SDF) increase emergency room (ER) visits due to renal colic (RC). We elected to concentrate on Yom-Kippur (i.e.: SDF), the holiest day in Judaism. Food and liquid consumption is prohibited during this day for 25 h, and an estimated 50–70% fasting rate is observed. SDF always takes place between mid-September and mid-October during which the temperature in the Middle-East ranges between 19 and 30 °C. ER visits for RC between 01/2012 and 11/2019 were reviewed, and the Gregorian days on which SDF occurred were retrieved. The number of ER visits for RC was compared between SDF and the surrounding days/months as well as to another single-day "standard" holiday (SDSH) that precedes SDF in 10 days and is not associated with fasting. Of 11,717 ER visits for RC, 8775 (74.9%) were males. Male:Female ratio was 3:1. The mean daily number of ER visits for RC during the 3 days following SDF was 6.66 ± 2.49, significantly higher compared with the mean annual daily visits (4.1 ± 2.27, p < 0.001), the mean daily visits during the week prior to SDF (5.27 ± 2.656, p = 0.032), and the mean daily visits during September (5.06 ± 2.659, p = 0.005), and October (4.78 ± 2.23, p < 0.001). The mean number of ER daily visits for RC during the 3 days following SDSH, 5.79 ± 2.84, did not differ compared with the mean daily visits during September and October (p = 0.207; p = 0.13, respectively). It was lower compared to SDF, however statistically insignificant (p = 0.285). A single-day fasting may increase ER visits for RC. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unknown.
Targeting natural splicing plasticity of APOBEC3B restricts its expression and mutagenic activity
Authors: Rouf Banday A. , Onabajo Olusegun O. , Lin Seraph Han-Yin , Obajemu Adeola , Vargas Joselin M. , Delviks-Frankenberry Krista A. , Lamy Philippe , Bayanjargal Ariunaa , Zettelmeyer Clara , Florez-Vargas Oscar , Pathak Vinay K. , Dyrskjøt Lars , Prokunina-Olsson Ludmila 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAPOBEC3A (A3A) and APOBEC3B (A3B) enzymes drive APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis. Identification of factors affecting the activity of these enzymes could help modulate mutagenesis and associated clinical outcomes. Here, we show that canonical and alternatively splicedA3AandA3Bisoforms produce corresponding mutagenic and non-mutagenic enzymes. Increased expression of the mutagenicA3Bisoform predicted shorter progression-free survival in bladder cancer. We demonstrate that the production of mutagenic vs. non-mutagenic A3B protein isoforms was considerably affected by inclusion/skipping of exon 5 inA3B. Furthermore, exon 5 skipping, resulting in lower levels of mutagenic A3B enzyme, could be increased in vitro. Specifically, we showed the effects of treatment with an SF3B1 inhibitor affecting spliceosome interaction with a branch point site in intron 4, or with splice-switching oligonucleotides targeting exon 5 ofA3B. Our results underscore the clinical role of A3B and implicate alternative splicing ofA3Bas a mechanism that could be targeted to restrict APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis.
Transcriptomic analyses of the termite, Cryptotermes secundus, reveal a gene network underlying a long lifespan and high fecundity
Authors: Lin Silu , Werle Jana , Korb Judith 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganisms are typically characterized by a trade-off between fecundity and longevity. Notable exceptions are social insects. In insect colonies, the reproducing caste (queens) outlive their non-reproducing nestmate workers by orders of magnitude and realize fecundities and lifespans unparalleled among insects. How this is achieved is not understood. Here, we identified a single module of co-expressed genes that characterized queens in the termite speciesCryptotermes secundus. It encompassed genes from all essential pathways known to be involved in life-history regulation in solitary model organisms. By manipulating its endocrine component, we tested the recent hypothesis that re-wiring along the nutrient-sensing/endocrine/fecundity axis can account for the reversal of the fecundity/longevity trade-off in social insect queens. Our data from termites do not support this hypothesis. However, they revealed striking links to social communication that offer new avenues to understand the re-modelling of the fecundity/longevity trade-off in social insects.
A four-gene signature predicts survival and anti-CTLA4 immunotherapeutic responses based on immune classification of melanoma
Authors: Mei Ying , Chen Mei-Ju May , Liang Han , Ma Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCutaneous melanoma is the most malignant skin cancer. Biomarkers for stratifying patients at initial diagnosis and informing clinical decisions are highly sought after. Here we classified melanoma patients into three immune subtypes by single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis. We further identified a four-gene tumor immune-relevant (TIR) signature that was significantly associated with the overall survival of melanoma patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort and in an independent validation cohort. Moreover, when applied to melanoma patients treated with the CTLA4 antibody, ipilimumab, the TIR signature could predict the response to ipilimumab and the survival. Notably, the predictive power of the TIR signature was higher than that of other biomarkers. The genes in this signature, SEL1L3, HAPLN3, BST2, and IFITM1, may be functionally involved in melanoma progression and immune response. These findings suggest that this four-gene signature has potential use in prognosis, risk assessment, and prediction of anti-CTLA4 response in melanoma patients.
High-resolution cryo-EM structure of photosystem II reveals damage from high-dose electron beams
Authors: Kato Koji , Miyazaki Naoyuki , Hamaguchi Tasuku , Nakajima Yoshiki , Akita Fusamichi , Yonekura Koji , Shen Jian-Ren 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotosystem II (PSII) plays a key role in water-splitting and oxygen evolution. X-ray crystallography has revealed its atomic structure and some intermediate structures. However, these structures are in the crystalline state and its final state structure has not been solved. Here we analyzed the structure of PSII in solution at 1.95 Å resolution by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The structure obtained is similar to the crystal structure, but a PsbY subunit was visible in the cryo-EM structure, indicating that it represents its physiological state more closely. Electron beam damage was observed at a high-dose in the regions that were easily affected by redox states, and reducing the beam dosage by reducing frames from 50 to 2 yielded a similar resolution but reduced the damage remarkably. This study will serve as a good indicator for determining damage-free cryo-EM structures of not only PSII but also all biological samples, especially redox-active metalloproteins.
Pin1 inhibition improves the efficacy of ralaniten compounds that bind to the N-terminal domain of androgen receptor
Authors: Leung Jacky K. , Imamura Yusuke , Kato Minoru , Wang Jun , Mawji Nasrin R. , Sadar Marianne D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTherapies for lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are an unmet medical need. One mechanism underlying CRPC and resistance to hormonal therapies is the expression of constitutively active splice variant(s) of androgen receptor (AR-Vs) that lack its C-terminus ligand-binding domain. Transcriptional activities of AR-Vs and full-length AR reside in its N-terminal domain (NTD). Ralaniten is the only drug proven to bind AR NTD, and it showed promise of efficacy in Phase 1 trials. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is frequently overexpressed in prostate cancer. Here we show that Pin1 interacted with AR NTD. The inhibition of Pin1 expression or its activity selectively reduced the transcriptional activities of full-length AR and AR-V7. Combination of Pin1 inhibitor with ralaniten promoted cell cycle arrest and had improved antitumor activity against CRPC xenografts in vivo compared to individual monotherapies. These findings support the rationale for therapy that combines a Pin1 inhibitor with ralaniten for treating CRPC.
Gaussian states of continuous-variable quantum systems provide universal and versatile reservoir computing
Authors: Nokkala Johannes , Martínez-Peña Rodrigo , Giorgi Gian Luca , Parigi Valentina , Soriano Miguel C. , Zambrini Roberta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantum reservoir computing aims at harnessing the rich dynamics of quantum systems for machine-learning purposes. It can be used for online time series processing while having a remarkably low training cost. Here, we establish the potential of continuous-variable Gaussian states of linear dynamical systems for quantum reservoir computing. We prove that Gaussian resources are enough for universal reservoir computing. We find that encoding the input into Gaussian states is both a source and a means to tune the nonlinearity of the overall input-output map. We further show that the full potential of the proposed model can be reached by encoding to quantum fluctuations, such as squeezed vacuum, instead of classical fields or thermal fluctuations. Our results introduce a research paradigm for reservoir computing harnessing quantum systems and engineered Gaussian quantum states.
Termination dependence and electric field modification of band alignment in a CNT/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction
Authors: Tan Qiuhong , Wang Qianjin , Zhang Chao , Gao Kunpeng , Wang Yuanfangzhou , Qing Chen , Liu Yingkai , Yu Dapeng 
Published: March 2021

The different charge carrier transfer processes as well as termination dependence of band alignment in the CNT/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction.
Computation of free boundary minimal surfaces via extremal Steklov eigenvalue problems
Authors: Oudet Édouard , Kao Chiu-Yen , Osting Braxton 
Published: March 2021

Recently Fraser and Schoen showed that the solution of a certain extremal Steklov eigenvalue problem on a compact surface with boundary can be used to generate a free boundary minimal surface, i.e., a surface contained in the ball that has (i) zero mean curvature and (ii) meets the boundary of the ball orthogonally (doi:10.1007/s00222-015-0604-x). In this paper, we develop numerical methods that use this connection to realize free boundary minimal surfaces. Namely, on a compact surface, Σ, with genus γ and b boundary components, we maximize σj(Σ, g) L(∂Σ, g) over a class of smooth metrics, g, where σj(Σ, g) is the jth nonzero Steklov eigenvalue and L(∂Σ, g) is the length of ∂Σ. Our numerical method involves (i) using conformal uniformization of multiply connected domains to avoid explicit parameterization for the class of metrics, (ii) accurately solving a boundary-weighted Steklov eigenvalue problem in multi-connected domains, and (iii) developing gradient-based optimization methods for this non-smooth eigenvalue optimization problem. For genus γ = 0 and b = 2, …, 9, 12, 15, 20 boundary components, we numerically solve the extremal Steklov problem for the first eigenvalue. The corresponding eigenfunctions generate a free boundary minimal surface, which we display in striking images. For higher eigenvalues, numerical evidence suggests that the maximizers are degenerate, but we compute local maximizers for the second and third eigenvalues with b = 2 boundary components and for the third and fifth eigenvalues with b = 3 boundary components.
Least-cost targets and avoided fossil fuel capacity in India’s pursuit of renewable energy
Authors: Deshmukh Ranjit , Phadke Amol , Callaway Duncan S. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
This study examines electricity and carbon mitigation costs associated with achieving aggressive renewable energy targets in India’s electricity grid in 2030. We find that wind-majority or balanced wind–solar targets have the lowest carbon mitigation costs, which invites revisiting India’s proposed solar-majority targets. Contrary to prevailing assumptions, achieving high renewable energy targets will not avert the need to build new fossil fuel power plants. However, building significant numbers of wind and solar plants (600 GW) will reduce how often fossil fuel power plants must run, holding India’s 2030 electricity emissions at its 2018 level at costs comparable to a fossil fuel-dominated grid. As costs decrease, battery storage can cost-effectively avert the need for new fossil fuel power plants.
Cingulo-opercular control network and disused motor circuits joined in standby mode
Authors: Newbold Dillan J. , Gordon Evan M. , Laumann Timothy O. , Seider Nicole A. , Montez David F. , Gross Sarah J. , Zheng Annie , Nielsen Ashley N. , Hoyt Catherine R. , Hampton Jacqueline M. , Ortega Mario , Adeyemo Babatunde , Miller Derek B. , Van Andrew N. , Marek Scott , Schlaggar Bradley L. , Carter Alexandre R. , Kay Benjamin P. , Greene Deanna J. , Raichle Marcus E. , Petersen Steven E. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Dosenbach Nico U. F. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Many studies have examined plasticity in the primary somatosensory and motor cortex during disuse, but little is known about how disuse impacts the brain outside of primary cortical areas. We leveraged the whole-brain coverage of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to discover that disuse drives plasticity of distant executive control regions in the cingulo-opercular network (CON). Two complementary analyses, pulse censoring and pulse addition, demonstrated that increased functional connectivity between the CON and disused motor regions was driven by large, spontaneous pulses of activity appearing during disuse. These results point to a role for the CON in motor plasticity and reveal spontaneous activity pulses as a potential mechanism for maintaining and reorganizing the brain’s functional connections.
Assembly of a dsRNA synthesizing complex: RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 2 contacts the largest subunit of NUCLEAR RNA POLYMERASE IV
Authors: Mishra Vibhor , Singh Jasleen , Wang Feng , Zhang Yixiang , Fukudome Akihito , Trinidad Jonathan C. , Takagi Yuichiro , Pikaard Craig S. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can inhibit mRNA translation or guide chromatin modifications that inhibit transcription, thus impacting gene regulation. In plants, transcriptional gene silencing involves siRNAs whose double-stranded (ds) precursors are generated by the coupled activities of NUCLEAR RNA POLYMERASE IV and RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 2. We present evidence that Pol IV-RDR2 association involves contact between RDR2 and NRPD1, Pol IV’s largest catalytic subunit. As the only subunit never shared by Pol II or Pol IV, NRPD1 interaction accounts for RDR2's specific association with Pol IV. The positions of the protein docking sites suggest that Pol IV transcripts are generated in close proximity to RDR2’s catalytic site, enabling RDR2 to efficiently engage Pol IV transcripts and convert them into dsRNAs.
Natural variability contributes to model–satellite differences in tropical tropospheric warming
Authors: Po-Chedley Stephen , Santer Benjamin D. , Fueglistaler Stephan , Zelinka Mark D. , Cameron-Smith Philip J. , Painter Jeffrey F. , Fu Qiang 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Climate models have, on average, simulated substantially more tropical tropospheric warming than satellite data, with few simulations matching observations. It has been suggested that this discrepancy arises because climate models are overly sensitive to greenhouse gas increases. Tropical tropospheric temperature trends from a large ensemble of simulations performed with a single climate model span a wide range that is solely due to natural climate variability. A subset of these simulations have warming rates in accord with satellite observations. Simulations with diminished tropical tropospheric warming due to climate variability exhibit characteristic patterns of surface warming that are similar to the observed record. Our results indicate that multidecadal variability can explain current model–observational differences in the rate of tropical tropospheric warming.
New insights into ice multiplication using remote-sensing observations of slightly supercooled mixed-phase clouds in the Arctic
Authors: Luke Edward P. , Yang Fan , Kollias Pavlos , Vogelmann Andrew M. , Maahn Maximilian 
Published: March 2021

Significance

During secondary ice events, ice particle number concentrations in mixed-phase clouds can increase by orders of magnitude with profound implications for the cloud evolution. However, characterization of secondary ice events in the natural environment has been a challenge for the community for decades. We show the long-term frequency of secondary ice events in Arctic supercooled clouds for temperatures warmer than −

10

○

C, made possible by applying a remote-sensing technique to 6 y of data. Secondary ice events are found to occur preferentially in the presence of drizzle droplets, compared with the better-known rime-splintering process, causing up to a 1,000-fold enhancement in ice number concentration. These results provide critical insights for model parameterizations and future laboratory experiments.