bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Shading and Spraying with Chitosan on the Vegetative and Flowering Growth of Polianthes Tuberosa L.
Authors: Alsanam M. A. , Salih Z. K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe experiment was conducted in Horticultural Facilities Unit of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University. Iraq for the period from 3/15/2020 to 1/15/2021. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The experiment included two factors: first shading with two levels without shading (open field) and lath house (net 33%). second spraying with chitosan in three concentrations 0, 500, 1000 mg. L−1. Results showed that shading treatments exceeded in length and width leaves gave 52.08 cm and 17.8 mm. open field gave highest Diameter of the basal florets 34.32 mm, foliar with chitosan 1000 mg.l−1gave highest leaves number 19.12 . Length and diameter of syphilitic Peduncle recorder in interaction between lath house and foliar chitosan 1000 mg.L−1was 109.02 cm and 9.21mm respectively.
‘Effect of Biofertilizer and Humic Acid on Growth and Flowering of Solidago spp
Authors: Salih Z. K. , Ali H. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A pot experiment was carried out in lath house of Horticulture and Landscape Dep / College of Agriculture - Tikrit University for the period from February to December 2020. The experiment included two factors, Humic Acid add (control) and the addition at a concentration of 3 g. L−1, Biofertilizers without addition, Glomus mosseae at rate 50 gm.pot−1 and Bacillus sabtilus . results showed the superiority of the treatment of Mycorrhizae in most of the studied traits, and it gave a plant height 111.52 cm and the number of spores 258.74 .10gm-1. The addition of was superior and gave 5.84 inflorence stems and 13.95 day vase life. interaction treatment between Mycorrhiza and Humic interaction treatment gave the highest concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium where 2.08%, 0.323% and 1.70%, respectively.
Response of Some Maize Hybrids to Foliar Spraying Treatments 2- Yield and Components
Authors: Al-Dulaimi O. I. , Al-Ani M. H. , Al-Rawi O. H. , Al-Rawi A. R. , Seadh S. E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To study the response of yield and its components and grains quality of some maize genotypes to foliar spraying, two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture,, Egypt, during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Each experiment was carried out in a strip-plot design with four replications. The vertical-plots were assigned with maize genotypes i.e. Three Way Cross 324, Single Cross 128, and Single Cross 131. The horizontal-plots were occupied with foliar spraying treatments i.e. without, foliar spraying with; commercial fertilizer Fert-plus powder, amino acids, yeast extract, and the mixture Fert-plus powder + amino acids + yeast extract. The results showed that genotype 131 surpassed other studied genotype and recorded 100-grain weight, grain yield/ha, and total carbohydrates percentage in grains in both seasons. genotype 128 registered the tallest plants and the highest values of stover yield/ha and crude protein and oil percentages in grains in both seasons. Foliar spraying maize plants three times with the mixture treatment produced the highest values of growth, yields and its attributes and grains quality characters followed by, yeast extract then commercial fertilizer Fert-plus powder as a source of NPK and amino acids in both seasons. It can be concluded that foliar fertilizing maize genotype 131 or 128 with the mixture Fert-plus powder at the rate of 4 g/liter + amino acids at the rate of 2.5 ml/liter + yeast extract at the rate of 100 ml/liter water in each spraying in order to maximize productivity and grains quality under the environmental conditions of the research area.
Effect of Spraying with Alcoholic Plant Extracts of Water Hyacinth (Eichhorinia crassipes) and Silverleaf (Solanum elaeagnifolium) on Growth and Yield of Corn, Zea myas L.
Authors: Houry W. K. , Alqissy A.M. , Almehemdi A. F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA Field experiment was carried out at private field, Jazirah district, Al-Budhiyab, which is located at latitude 38.28° North and longitude 43.19° East, to study effect of different concentrations of water hyacinth and silverleaf extracts on three cultivars of corn. The experiment was applied using split-split plot arrangement within RCBD with three replicates. Main-plots were represented by the cultivars Sumer, Fajr and Maha, and sub-plots, were the spray concentrations included 0,5,15 and25 mg L−1. The results showed that the cultivar Fajr was superior in plant height, leaf area, number of rows per ear, and number of grains per row in the spring season, with averages of 253.63 cm, 4978 cm2, 18.58 rows ear−1, 45.54 grain per row−1. While the Maha cultivar outperformed all the traits except for the number of grains in a row in the fall season with averages of 269.00 cm, 4841 cm2, 16.12 row ear−1diameter of stem 24.77 mm and 19.15 mm (in the two seasons) and the yield of 4.21 ton ha−1. In the spring season. And the weight of combined weeds decreased by 0.014 mg plant−1in the fall season. While the Sumer cultivar reduced the weight of combined weeds by 0.050 mg plant−1in the spring season and increased the number of grains in the row by 38.75 grain per row−1in the fall season and the weight of 500 grains was 106.80 and 87.65 g in the two seasons respectively, and the result was 2.83 ton ha−1(in the spring season). The concentration exceeded 25 mg L−1in plant height 267.70 cm and the concentration decreased by 15 mg L−1dry weeds weight in the two seasons 0.072 and 0.023 mg plant−1respectively, and the same concentration increased the number of rows of ear in the spring season 18.11 row ear−1and the number of grains 44.89 grain row−1. The concentration of 5 mg L−1increased the weight of 500 grains in the spring season by 109.41 g. it could be concluded that 15 mg L−1was the best to improve growth and yield properties ofZea mays.
Effect of Activating of Salicylic Acid and Foliar Application with Humic Acid on Some Growth and Yield Characteristics of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Nayyef A. G. , Hammadi H. J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the Al-Jazeera region of Ramadi city, Anbar Governorate, at autumn season of 2020 in sandy soil to study the effect of stimulating sunflower seeds with four levels of salicylic acid (0, 125, 250 and 375 mL−1) and spraying with humic acid( 0, 250 and 500 mL−1) Where the results showed that the concentration of 375 mL−1 of salicylic acid recorded the highest average of the characteristics, the number of seeds per disc and the weight of 1000 grains, and the seed yield was (2034.9 seeds, 80.81 g and 164.97 g. plant−1) respectively. While the second treatment of spraying with humic acid recorded the highest mean for the characteristics, the number of seeds per disc and the weight of 1000 g, and the seed yield was the highest average (1752.3 seed. disc, 68.43 g and 124.16 g. plant−1).
Interaction Effect of Different Concentrations of Nano-Fertilizer (NPK) and Sources of Charcoal on Growth and Yield Parameters of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Bahar J. M. , Rabar F. S. , Solin I. H. , Chra A. F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The application of charcoal to agricultural soils is mostly used to improve soil fertility and crop products around the world, but as a scientific researching could be quite neoteric in our region, Kurdistan. Alongside of different sources of charcoal as first factor, nanotechnology was also used as second factor in this research to improve growth and yield parameters of Vicia faba L. The results revealed to the single effect of each of charcoal and Nano-NPK fertilizers and its interaction on studied parameters. Plant height in the control treatment recorded 63.00cm which was dramatically increased to (72.56, 72.64, 75.48cm), respectively in the soil treated with (Local, China and Straw Charcoals), respectively. Additionally, number of pods per plant, pod length and fresh yield per plant were (30.92, 17.59cm, 141.84g) for control treatment, which were increased significantly to (37.81, 18.71cm, 246.34g), for treatments straw charcoal or ash added to the soil, Nano-NPK fertilizers at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L−1 respectively. Significantly affected on growth and yield parameters. The number of pods, pod length and fresh yield were (23.75, 16.35cm, 83.13g), respectively in the control treatment (C0N0), while in the interaction treatment between charcoal C3 (Straw Charcoals) and Nano NPK N2 (200 mg L−1) caused significant increase in their values to (47.75, 19.07cm, 261.67g).
Effect of Brassinolide Levels on Some Growth of Sunflower Hellanthus annuus L.
Authors: Hamed M. A. , Abdullah B. H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Field experiment was carried out at Research Station, College of Agriculture, Anbar University, during 2019 spring season to study the effect of four level of brassinolide (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg L-1) on some Morphological characters of three sunflower varieties (Ishaqi 1, Akmar and Sakha) The results of the statistical analysis showed the significant effect of the cultivars and brassinolide concentrations on the studied characters. The sprayed plants with 1.5 mg L−1 of brassinolide recorded the highest values of plant height (197.5 cm), leaf area (6179 cm2. plant1), mean of dry weight (171.5 g plant1), Crop Growth Rate (17.709 gm. m −2. days −1) and Net Assimilation Rate (1.47 gm−2. day −1). Whereas the cultivars differed significantly in all the studied traits, as Sakha variety recorded the highest values for plant height, leaf area, mean of the dry weight to plant, Crop Growth Rate and Net Assimilation Rate, (182.2 cm, 7738 cm2.plant−1, 212.6 g. plant1, and 13.317 gm .m−2. days 1, and 1.96 gm−2.day1) respectively.
Allelopathic potential of Sorghum bicolor L. Root Exudates on Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Wheat and Some Grassy Weeds
Authors: Naby Krmanj Y. , Ali Kawa A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Sorghum bicolor produces root exudate contain allelochemical compound known as sorgoleon. A greenhouse experiment was carried out at Grdarasha farm/Agricultural Engineering Sciences College/Salahaddin University- Erbil to evaluate the allelopathic effects of root exudates of Sorghum bicolor on some growth parameters and chlorophyll content of Triticum aestivum L., Triticum durum Desf., Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch., Avena fatua L. and Phalaris minor Retz. in a modified stair step tool to eliminate any competition interaction between the donor and receiver plants by factorial completely randomized design (Factorial C.R.D) with three replicates. The results indicated that Phalaris minor Desf. was the most sensitive species among all test plants for instance its total length and dry weight were (41.68 cm, 294.87 mg), also its chlorophyll content recorded minimum value were (31.65, 36.85, 36.08, 37.68) for all time intervals, comparing to the chlorophyll content of other plant species. Furthermore, all recorded parameters of other plant species were affected significantly by root exudate of Sorghum bicolor. Finally, root exudates of Sorghum bicolor L. may act as a bioherbicide to control grassy weeds in wheat fields.
Molecular Characterization and Allelopathic Potential of Radish Species on Wheat and Weed Species
Authors: Rasul Saman A. , Ali Kawa A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted at Salahaddin University/ College of Agricultural Engineering Science, to inspect the allelopathic effects of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) on two wheat species and two endemic weed species. The study included two experiments, first one was bioassay experiment to estimate the aqueous extracts effect of three radish species (red, black and white) at five concentration levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) on germination and seedling growth of bread wheat (Triticum aesitivum Var. Adana), hard wheat (Triticum durum Def. Var. Smito) and two endemic weed species wild oat (Avena fatua) and wild barely (Hordeum spontaneum). Results indicated that aqueous extracts of black radish possess more allelopathic potential compare to red and white radish, also, aqueous extracts significantly affected on all studied plant species at dissimilar ratio, while most effective concentration was (40%). Whereas the germination of all plant species totally inhibited at this concentration. The second experiment aimed to indicate the genetic relatedness (genetic diversity) among radish species by using Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) technique. The results indicate that the genetic distance among the three studied radish species ranged from 17.33 to 37.6. The lowest genetic distance was recorded between black and red that was 17.33 and the highest genetic distance recorded between black, red with white was 37.6 and white radish with each of black and red radish were 65.067. the results suggested that radish species have different allelopathic potential and genetic variance exist among them.
Effect of Addition of Lactobacillus reuteri, Inulin and Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Powder in Diets of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) on Growth Performance and Feed Utilization
Authors: Abedalhammed H. S. , Yassen A. A. , Khashan B. A. , Qasim M. A. , Al-Azzami A. A. S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effect of addition Lactobacillus reuteri with different levels of both inulin, and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) powder in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerling diet, on growth performance and feed utilization: Weight gain (W.G), Daily weight gain (D.W.G), Relative growth rate (R.G.R), Specific growth rate (S.G.R), Feed conversion rate (F.C.R), Feed efficiency rate (F.E.R), and Protein efficiency rate (P.E.R). 60 fish were elected randomly distributed to five treatments, with three replications and 4 fish in each aquarium, per treatment, at a period of 07 days. Fish were fed at 3% of the weight of the biomass, feed prepared by protein ratio 28.95%, the control treatment without additives, 108 cfu/ml (colony formation unit )\ml were added to the meal provided for the first treatment, adding 2% inulin from the provided meal with 108 cfu/ml bacteria for the second treatment, for the third treatment, the meal containing Jerusalem artichoke powder was provided at 1% from the provided meal with 108 bacteria and the fourth treatment is by 2% Jerusalem artichoke powder from the provided meal, with 108 cfu/ml bacteria. These additions were provided with the nutrition program for research on Mondays and Thursdays of each week, with meals continuing to be given without additions for the rest of the days. The fourth treatment significantly (P≤0.05) exceeded for all growth parameters criteria, It did not differ significantly (P≤0.05) from the third treatment for weight gain criteria over all treatments, the feed utilization criteria, fourth treatment showed significantly (P≤0.05) exceeded over all treatments for all characteristics, it did not differ significantly (P≤0.05) from the third treatment for feed conversion rate and feed efficiency rate criteria.
The effect of the electric shock on embryonic development and neurophysiological traits in the chick’s embryo
Authors: Abdulateef S. M. , Atalla O. K. , Al-Ani M. Q. , Mohammed TH. T. , Abdulateef F. M. , Abdualmajeed O. M. , Mahmod K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of stimulating the embryo during the dormancy in the incubation period. 450 eggs (Ross 308) were allocated in four treatments each three replicates. The treatments were as follow: T1 control (without shock), T2 Shocked (40) Millivolts (mV), T3 Shocked (50) (mV), T4 Shocked (75) (mV). A different voltage device was used to shock the egg, after marking the eggs with a line of iron filings to ensure electrical conductivity, eggs were shocked at different times three times a day. The results show a significant increase (p<0.01) in embryonic development for embryo weight, chick body weight, Hatchability, and embryo Index (EI) for T2, T3, and especially T4. A significant increase (p<0.01) in neurophysiological traits of neurons, brain weight, and Brain Index (BI) for T2, T3, and especially T4. In concluding the use of electric shock in the embryonic period will developing of the embryo and neurophysiological traits.
Manufacturing edible bio-films (EBF) from chicken feather keratin and study their effect on antioxidant status of cold storage broiler yields
Authors: Alazzami A. A. , Al-Dhanki Z. T. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate using 2.5 and 5 g of purified feather keratin protein (PFKP) in edible bio-films (EBF) as package material to broiler yields with different cold storage condition periods (0, 7 and 14 days) at 4° C on the meat antioxidant status of these yields. 3×3 factorial treatments; un package, 2.5 and 5 g PFKP, as a first main factor, by 3 cold storage condition periods (0, 7 and 14 days) as a second main factor, with their interactions on meat antioxidant status (TBA test, Peroxide values, (PV) and free fatty acids concentration, (FFA) of broiler yields (breast, thigh and drumsticks). The results of this experiment revealed that increasing cold storage period to 14 days will significantly increase MDA concentration (TBA test), FFA concentrations and PV in all yields, whereas, packaging these yields with EBFs by two of PFKP will significantly decrease MDA, FFA concentrations and PV in all yields. The interactions between packaging and storage had the same effect, since, un package yields and stored for 14 days had the significant increase in MDA, FFA and PV values in comparison with packaging yields and stored for 14 days, in spite of, packaging yields store and without store in cold had no significant differences, and this revealed the ability of using packaging to extend shelf life of broiler yields without an effect on oxidant status of broiler yield meats store for 7 days.
Effect of Tryptophan injection on the semen quality in Iraqi Shami buck
Authors: Ahmad A. Sh. , Al-Rawi F. T. , Abdul-Rahaman Y. T. , Mohammed TH. T. , Mahmud K.I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tryptophan injection on semen quality of Shami buck. Animals were divided randomly into four equal groups (3 for each group). Tryptophan was injected in the muscle and semen collected twice weekly by Artificial vagina. The first group (T1) left without treated as control group, the second group (T2) was injection Tryptophan 0.1 g, the third group (T3) was injection Tryptophan 0.125 g and the fourth group (T4) was injection Tryptophan 0.150 g. Semen was collected from twelve Shami buck, 2 ejaculates each, by an Artificial vagina. Semen were evaluated after collected for Volume (ml), Mass and Individual motility (%), sperm concentrations ×109, Live and dead sperm (%) and Sperm abnormality (%). Blood samples were collected via vacationer tubes (5 ml) from jugular vein to analyzed of testosterone hormone. Results showed that tryptophan injection of semen ejaculation was significantly (P<0.05) in T4 and T3. The percentage of Mass activity, Individual motility, live sperm and sperm concentration were significantly increased in the T4, T3 and T2 significantly (P<0.05). The percentage of dead sperm and sperm abnormality were significantly increased (P<0.05) in treatments T1 and T2. The testosterone concentration was significantly higher in the T4 (P<0.05). In conclusion, 0.150 g improved tryptophan injection and testosterone level in Shami buck.
Fungal Contaminant of Poultry Feed in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Alkhursan R. N. , Khudor M. H. , Abbas B. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A total of 180 samples of concentrated poultry feed were collected from different broilers, broiler breeders, layers farms and local market of poultry in Basrah province. Feed samples were collected during the period from Sep. 2014 to Apr. 2015. About 10 - 30 representative samples of 1 kg were collected from several locations. They were cultured on Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA) and then sub cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Seven genera were recovered from 180 samples of poultry feed .The most genera which recovered were Aspergillus spp. frequency (Fr) 62.77% - Relative density (RD) 52.03%), followed by Penicillium spp. (Fr 47.77% - RD 17.01%) and they were the predominant genera isolated from poultry feed. Fusarium spp. isolates were less frequency and relative density (Fr.1.66%, RD 2.11%). The most frequently isolated Aspergillus spp. was Aspergillys flavus ( Fr 65.48%) and had the most RD (27.55%), followed by Aspergillus niger (Fr. 58.40%, RD14.23%), the less occurrence of Aspergillus spp. was Aspergillus paraciticus (Fr.1.76%, RD0.89%).
Effect of the diallel cross line and generation on some productive traits in two lines of quail bird (brown and gold)
Authors: Al-Kaisi H. R. M. , Al-Tikriti S. S. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the diallel cross between the two lines on some productive traits, depending on plumage color, to get a genetic combination that is distinguished in productive performance and superior in its performance on pure lines, to demonstrate 79 chicks of quail with brown plumage and 72 chicks of golden plumage color one-day old, mating resulting from two lines of quail, were used in the study. 10 males from the golden plumage colour line and 10 females from the brown plumage colour line to perform crosses as for reciprocal crosses 10 males from the brown plumage colour line and 10 females from the golden plumage colour line. These birds selected and raised in rooms with dimensions of 40 x 40 x 40 cm were numbered and distributed Randomly placed to rooms in the form of families and each one by (1: 1), the productive traits of the parents and the first generation were measured. The experiment was designed according to the design of the Factorial Experiment Design to study the effect of the diallel cross, generation and the overlap between them.The results of the study showed the superiority of crosses over reciprocal crosses regardless of the effect of the generation on the average body weight trait at sexual maturity, and the first generation also outperformed the parents regardless of the effect of the mutilation of the same trait, while no significant differences were found between crosses and reciprocal crosses as well between parents. and the first generation in the trait of the average age at sexual maturity, the average weight of the first egg, the average number of eggs, the weight of the eggs, and the mass of eggs during 56 days of production. Sexual maturity, the average weight of the first egg, the average number of eggs, egg weight, and egg mass during 56 days of production. The results also indicated that the first generation of reciprocal crosses achieved the highest heterosis in the trait of average body weight at sexual maturity and the average weight of the first egg while crosses and reciprocal crosses parents achieved the highest heterosis in the trait of average egg number, average egg weight and average egg mass, as for the trait of average age at sexual maturity the crosses and reciprocal crosses parents of and achieved the highest negative heterosis for early life at sexual maturity.