bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive Medicine Stigma
Authors: Dorfman Doron 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe 2023 Texas federal district court decision Braidwood Management, Inc. vs. Becerra enjoined the enforcement of the Affordable Care Act’s preventive care mandate, which requires “first-dollar” insurance coverage for a range of preventive measures, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an HIV prophylactic drug. Most scholars have analyzed the case with respect to the conflict between public health goals and the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). This Article suggests another reading of the Braidwood decision in light of a broader socio-legal phenomenon I call preventive health stigma. Stereotypes attach to the underlying medical condition that a given measure is aimed at preventing, or to the actual preventive measure resulting in stigmatization. Preventive health stigma penetrated the Braidwood decision through the case’s focus on PrEP users’ signaled prurient behavior instead of the drug’s proven health benefits. After offering a novel reading of the Braidwood decision, this Article also shows how preventive health stigma surfaces in the legal treatment of other preventive measures, such as abortion pills, masking, and vaccines. Understanding how stigma attaches to preventive medicine constitutes an important step in understanding how law and prejudice can undermine health reform.
No More Wild West: The Need for Wellness Professional Standards
Authors: Zabawa Barbara J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe burgeoning wellness industry attracts a lot of practitioners who are largely unregulated. This “wild west” of wellness creates uncertainty for insurers, employers, consumers, and practitioners as to: (1) what services and items wellness practitioners can offer; (2) whether those practitioners are qualified; and (3) whether they behave in an ethical manner. Some guideposts for these wellness stakeholders would be welcome and may reduce consumer harm. Guideposts for wellness is especially crucial in a time when the Braidwood Management, Inc. v. Becerra case threatens the delivery of preventive care services in the health care sector. As we have learned from the health care sector, the state licensure scheme is confining and not conducive to national practice, particularly in the wake of virtual platform technologies. Thus, instead of state licensure, this article proposes a private Standard Development Organization (SDO) scheme that can create and enforce standards within the wellness industry.
Preventive Care and Health Equity: The Educational Divide
Authors: Gartner David 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe preventive services at the center of Braidwood Management, Inc. v. Becerra contribute to reducing inequities in life expectancy in the United States. Critical preventive are currently fully covered by insurance as preventive care under the Affordable Care Act. Reducing affordable access to such screenings and medicines is most likely to impact those with lower incomes and less education, and contribute to widening existing inequities in health outcomes.Recent research has identified a large and growing mortality gap between those with and without college degrees. On average, individuals without college degrees are likely to die about 8.5 years earlier than those with such degrees. In recent decades, cancer death rates fell nearly two times faster among the college educated. Mortality from heart disease fell by nearly two-thirds among those with college degrees but by less than one-third for all others.Disparities in life expectancy in the United States reflect the uneven progress against the leading causes of death among different populations. The Braidwood decision, if upheld, will raise the costs to patients for interventions that have contributed to recent gains in life expectancy. This Article analyzes the impact of Braidwood on preventive health interventions in the context of growing life expectancy gaps within the United States.
The Potential Effects of Braidwood Management v. Becerra and Impact on Community Health Centers
Authors: Morris Rebecca , Shin Peter , Jacobs Feygele , Murphy Caitlin , Rosenbaum Sara , Casoni Maria , Johnson Kay 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBraidwood Management, Inc. v. Becerra challenges the Affordable Care Act free preventive coverage guarantee. Community health centers serve over 30 million residents of medically underserved urban and rural communities. Their limited federal grant funding makes them reliant on insurance revenue for their operations, Medicaid and subsidized marketplace coverage in particular, both of which are implicated by the case. To understand these implications, we developed an analytic model that crosswalks the preventive services potentially affected by Braidwood and the preventive care that all health centers must furnish. Of the 193 preventive services now covered under the guarantee, only forty-eight would survive were the Braidwood plaintiffs to prevail. In underserved communities, health centers are a principal source of the nearly 150 affected services, as evidenced by the care they are required to furnish under federal law, the quality metrics they are expected to meet, and the health diagnoses and treatments identified in federal performance reporting requirements. Thus, the impact on access, quality, patient health, and health center finances and care capability will likely be substantial.
5 Mapping out the sacred landscape of Epirus
Authors: Vasileiou Eleni D. 
Published: December 2024

To my mother, Penelope.This paper offers an overview of the published material of the Epirotic sanctuaries. The presentation will be limited to the geographical area of modern Epirus (prefectures of Arta, Ioannina, Preveza, and Thesprotia) and it will cover the period from the Early Iron Age (eighth century BC) to the beginning of the Roman conquest (second to early first century BC). Areas of ritual character in Epirus range from shrines to organized sanctuaries. It is not always easy to identify the deity/deities worshipped at the ritual places presented.
Tornado Seasonality in Central‐Southern Chile
Authors: Caballero‐Morán V. , Rondanelli R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTornado records in Chile show an apparent seasonality with a peak between May and June. We study this seasonality in central‐south and austral Chile by analyzing three indicators of tornado environments: vorticity generation parameter (VGP), storm‐relative helicity (SRH) and mean relative humidity . Annual cycles of VGP, SRH and show favorable conditions during the fall in the central‐south region, well correlated with the records in the area, and associated with maximum values of low‐level (0–1 km) and deep‐layer (0–6 km) wind shear, and relatively high values of most unstable CAPE. In the austral region, favorable conditions occur during the summer, in the presence of maximum deep‐layer wind shear and maximum values of the most unstable CAPE. Analysis of temperature, wind, and humidity were performed to understand the mechanisms that lead to the development of these conditions in these two regions.
Geological Background of the Chang'e 6 Landing Site and the Provenance of Returned Samples
Authors: Gao Antong , Xiao Long , Wueller Lukas , Iqbal Wajiha , Zhao Siyuan , Wang Jiang , van der Bogert Carolyn H. , Qian Yuqi , Pang Yong , Hiesinger Harald 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChina's Chang'e‐6 (CE‐6) is the first mission in human history to return samples from the far side of the Moon. CE‐6 landed in the mare plains of the southern Apollo basin (153.98°W, 41.63°S) within the South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) basin on 2 June 2024 and returned 1,935.3 g of samples on 25 June 2024. The unique geological history of the Apollo basin offers an opportunity to address several important scientific questions in lunar science. To provide geological context for the analysis of the returned samples, we described the geology of the area surrounding the CE‐6 landing site in detail. We interpreted that the region exhibits three periods of mare basaltic volcanism (EmSAp1, EmSAp2 and EmSAp3) separated by one billion years. CE‐6 landed on the EmSAp2 unit, with a model age of ∼2.8 Ga. Several post‐mare impacts occurring outside this region also contributed foreign materials to CE‐6 landing site. We anticipate that the returned samples are dominated by local EmSAp2 materials, and may also include younger high‐Ti basalt from the EmSAp3 unit, older low‐Ti basalt from the EmSAp1 unit, ejecta from younger craters such as Chaffee S and O’Day, and ejecta from craters outside the SPA basin such as Vavilov, Crookes, and Das. The estimated total feldspathic exotic ejecta in the regolith of CE‐6 sample zone is 30%. Our study indicates that the regolith in the CE‐6 sampling area is rich in scientific value for understanding lunar volcanism and impact history and offers the possibility of further calibrating the lunar cratering chronology.
Late Cambrian Syn‐Intrusive Thickening of the Ikh Mongol Arc Domains in the Mongolian Collage
Authors: Peřestý Vít , Soejono Igor , Schulmann Karel , Ruffet Gilles , Kylander‐Clark Andrew , Sláma Jiří , Štípská Pavla , Maierová Petra , Hanžl Pavel , Aguilar Carmen , Kašpar Adam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStructural analysis, U–Pb monazite and xenotime dating, Ar–Ar dating of biotite and amphibole and thermodynamic modeling of peak metamorphic assemblages allow constraining the tectono‐thermal evolution of the migmatite‐magmatite domain on the southern periphery of Precambrian Zavkhan Block. The main subvertical metamorphic fabric resulted from upright folding and almost complete transposition of early sub‐horizontal foliation of uncertain age. P–T conditions of 760–790°C at 0.7–0.8 GPa and in situ U–Pb metamorphic monazite 505–495 Ma ages characterize this tectono‐metamorphic event. It was associated with syn‐deformational partial melting and intrusion of axial planar syntectonic leucogranite veins. Monazite and xenotime from these veins give U–Pb age of c. 500 Ma, confirming that the migmatization and formation of subvertical fabric were coeval. Such time constraints are contemporaneous with ages of gneissified Ikh‐Mongol Arc granite sheets intruding horizontally shortened partially molten crust thereby confirming syn‐compressional nature of arc emplacement. Thermal modeling of cooling history of the whole migmatite‐magmatite domain constrained by Ar–Ar ages is compatible with the shortening of the hot system followed by moderate erosion. The P–T and geochronological data of the Zavkhan block margin are almost identical to those of short lived late Cambrian magmatism and metamorphism described in the Khondalite belt in Far East China and in other places of Mongolian Collage suggesting that these two domains may have formed a continuous belt.
Ensemble Methods for Parameter Estimation of WRF‐Hydro
Authors: RafieeiNasab Arezoo , Fienen Michael N. , Omani Nina , Srivastava Ishita , Dugger Aubrey L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe WRF‐Hydro hydrological model has been used in many applications in the past with some level of history matching in the majority of these studies. In this study, we use the iterative Ensemble Smoother (iES), a powerful parameter estimation methodology implemented in the open‐source PEST++ software. The iES provides an ensemble solution with an uncertainty bound instead of a single best estimate which has been the common approach in the previous WRF‐Hydro studies. We discuss the importance of accounting for observation noise which results in a wider spread in the model solution. We investigate the impact of constructing objective functions by differentially weighting the observations to tune the model response toward model outputs appropriate for a specific application. Results confirm the necessity of differentially weighting the observations before calculation of the objective function as the optimization algorithm struggles with calculating parameter updates with uniform weighting. We also show that we achieve better model performance in terms of verification metrics with higher emphasis on the high flow events, when the objective function is tuned toward an application where the extreme events are of importance. We then investigate the impact of estimating more parameters, in particular we estimate a larger number of snow parameters. Results show a large improvement in the model performance. In summary, our study demonstrates the efficacy of employing iES alongside differential weighting of observations, highlighting its potential to enhance hydrological model parameter estimation.
Relative effectiveness of antidepressant treatments in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Saelens Johan , Gramser Anna , Watzal Victoria , Zarate Carlos A. , Lanzenberger Rupert , Kraus Christoph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) sought to compare different antidepressant treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in order to facilitate evidence-based choices. A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase from inception until April 13th, 2023 identified randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with depression who had not responded to at least two antidepressant trials; all RCTs had ≥10 participants per study arm, and participants with bipolar or psychotic depression were excluded. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool-2 was used to assess study quality. Response rate was the primary outcome measure. Odds ratios (ORs) using a random effects NMA are reported. From 8234 records, 69 RCTs were included in this analysis, encompassing 10,285 participants (5662 F/4623 M) and 25 separate treatments. Six of the 25 treatments demonstrated a higher response rate versus placebo or sham treatment: electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), minocycline, theta-burst stimulation (TBS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), ketamine, and aripiprazole. ORs ranged from 1.9 (95%CI = [1.25; 2.91]) for aripiprazole to 12.86 (95%CI = [4.07; 40.63]) for ECT. Moderate heterogeneity of the model was observed (I2 = 47.3% (95%CI [26.8–62%]). Of the included studies, 12.5% were rated as having high risk of bias, 28.13% as having low risk, and 59.38% as showing some concerns. Several effective treatments for TRD showed robust treatment effects across outcomes (ECT, TBS, rTMS, and ketamine), and others showed promising results for some, but not all, outcomes (minocycline, aripiprazole). These findings may help guide evidence-based treatment choices for TRD. Study Registration: PROSPERO (#CRD42023420584).
Global mean sea level likely higher than present during the holocene
Authors: Creel Roger C. , Austermann Jacqueline , Kopp Robert E. , Khan Nicole S. , Albrecht Torsten , Kingslake Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlobal mean sea-level (GMSL) change can shed light on how the Earth system responds to warming. Glaciological evidence indicates that Earth’s ice sheets retreated inland of early industrial (1850 CE) extents during the Holocene (11.7-0 ka), yet previous work suggests that Holocene GMSL never surpassed early industrial levels. We merge sea-level data with a glacial isostatic adjustment model ensemble and reconstructions of postglacial thermosteric sea-level and mountain glacier evolution to estimate Holocene GMSL and ice volume. We show it is likely (probability P = 0.75) GMSL exceeded early industrial levels after 7.5ka, reaching 0.24 m (−3.3 to 1.0 m, 90% credible interval) above present by 3.2ka; Antarctica was likely (P = 0.78) smaller than present after 7ka; GMSL rise by 2150 will very likely (P = 0.9) be the fastest in the last 5000 years; and by 2060, GMSL will as likely than not (P = 0.5) be the highest in 115,000 years.
Microenvironmental modulation breaks intrinsic pH limitations of nanozymes to boost their activities
Authors: Li Tong , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Yuting , Zhang Yihong , Li Sirong , Liu Wanling , Liu Shujie , Liu Yufeng , Xing Hang , Otake Ken-ichi , Kitagawa Susumu , Wu Jiangjiexing , Dong Hao , Wei Hui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFunctional nanomaterials with enzyme-mimicking activities, termed as nanozymes, have found wide applications in various fields. However, the deviation between the working and optimal pHs of nanozymes has been limiting their practical applications. Here we develop a strategy to modulate the microenvironmental pHs of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanozymes by confining polyacids or polybases (serving as Brønsted acids or bases). The confinement of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) into the channels of peroxidase-mimicking PCN-222-Fe (PCN = porous coordination network) nanozyme lowers its microenvironmental pH, enabling it to perform its best activity at pH 7.4 and to solve pH mismatch in cascade systems coupled with acid-denatured oxidases. Experimental investigations and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that PAA not only donates protons but also holds protons through the salt bridges between hydroniums and deprotonated carboxyl groups in neutral pH condition. Therefore, the confinement of poly(ethylene imine) increases the microenvironmental pH, leading to the enhanced hydrolase-mimicking activity of MOF nanozymes. This strategy is expected to pave a promising way for designing high-performance nanozymes and nanocatalysts for practical applications.
All-polymer piezo-ionic-electric electronics
Authors: Xu Tianpei , Jin Long , Ao Yong , Zhang Jieling , Sun Yue , Wang Shenglong , Qu Yuanxiao , Huang Longchao , Yang Tao , Deng Weili , Yang Weiqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPiezoelectric electronics possess great potential in flexible sensing and energy harvesting applications. However, they suffer from low electromechanical performance in all-organic piezoelectric systems due to the disordered and weakly-polarized interfaces. Here, we demonstrated an all-polymer piezo-ionic-electric electronics with PVDF/Nafion/PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) sandwich structure and regularized ion-electron interfaces. The piezoelectric effect and piezoionic effect mutually couple based on such ion-electron interfaces, endowing this electronics with the unique piezo-ionic-electric working mechanism. Further, owing to the massive interfacial accumulation of ion and electron charges, the electronics obtains a remarkable force-electric coupling enhancement. Experiments show that the electronics presents a high d33 of ~80.70 pC N−1, a pressure sensitivity of 51.50 mV kPa−1 and a maximum peak power of 34.66 mW m−2. It is applicable to be a transducer to light LEDs, and a sensor to detect weak physiological signals or mechanical vibration. This work shows the piezo-ionic-electric electronics as a paradigm of highly-optimized all-polymer piezo-generators.
Functional anatomy of zinc finger antiviral protein complexes
Authors: Bohn Jennifer A. , Meagher Jennifer L. , Takata Matthew A. , Gonçalves-Carneiro Daniel , Yeoh Zoe C. , Ohi Melanie D. , Smith Janet L. , Bieniasz Paul D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractZAP is an antiviral protein that binds to and depletes viral RNA, which is often distinguished from vertebrate host RNA by its elevated CpG content. Two ZAP cofactors, TRIM25 and KHNYN, have activities that are poorly understood. Here, we show that functional interactions between ZAP, TRIM25 and KHNYN involve multiple domains of each protein, and that the ability of TRIM25 to multimerize via its RING domain augments ZAP activity and specificity. We show that KHNYN is an active nuclease that acts in a partly redundant manner with its homolog N4BP1. The ZAP N-terminal RNA binding domain constitutes a minimal core that is essential for antiviral complex activity, and we present a crystal structure of this domain that reveals contacts with the functionally required KHNYN C-terminal domain. These contacts are remote from the ZAP CpG binding site and would not interfere with RNA binding. Based on our dissection of ZAP, TRIM25 and KHNYN functional anatomy, we could design artificial chimeric antiviral proteins that reconstitute the antiviral function of the intact authentic proteins, but in the absence of protein domains that are otherwise required for activity. Together, these results suggest a model for the RNA recognition and action of ZAP-containing antiviral protein complexes.
The impact of antioxidant-ciprofloxacin combinations on the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
Authors: Higazy Doaa , Ahmed Marwa N. , Ciofu Oana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in biofilms, driven by mechanisms like oxidative stress, is a major challenge. This study investigates whether antioxidants (AOs) such as N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and Edaravone (ED) can reduce AMR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin (CIP). In vitro experimental evolution studies were conducted using flow cells and glass beads biofilm models. Results showed that combining CIP with antioxidants (CIP-AOs) effectively reduced the development of CIP resistance. Isolates from biofilms treated with CIP-AO had significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CIP compared to those treated with CIP alone. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed mutations in the negative regulators of efflux pumps, nfxB, and nalC, in CIP-only treated biofilm populations. The occurrence of nfxB mutations was significantly lower in flow cell biofilms treated with CIP-AO compared to CIP alone. These findings suggest that antioxidants could play a role in mitigating AMR development in biofilms.
Evaluating large language models for criterion-based grading from agreement to consistency
Authors: Zhang Da-Wei , Boey Melissa , Tan Yan Yu , Jia Alexis Hoh Sheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the ability of large language models (LLMs) to deliver criterion-based grading and examines the impact of prompt engineering with detailed criteria on grading. Using well-established human benchmarks and quantitative analyses, we found that even free LLMs achieve criterion-based grading with a detailed understanding of the criteria, underscoring the importance of domain-specific understanding over model complexity. These findings highlight the potential of LLMs to deliver scalable educational feedback.