bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morfologi, Anatomi dan Indeks Ekologi Bulu Babi di Pantai Sepanjang, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Suryanti Suryanti , Fatimah Prasasti Nusa Pertiwi Nur , Rudiyanti Siti 
Published: February 2021

Pantai Sepanjang memiliki karakteristik pantai dengan substrat berupa pasir dan hamparan karang mati yang banyak ditumbuhi makroalga, merupakan habitat berbagai jenis biota, salah satunya bulu babi. Biota tersebut memiliki fungsi ekologi sebagai pemakan detritus dan pengendali populasi makroalga di ekosistem terumbu karang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis, morfologi, anatomi, dan kelimpahan bulu babi serta hubungannya dengan parameter lingkungan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019 di Pantai Sepanjang, Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Metode sampling menggunakan stratified random sampling dengan membagi lokasi pengamatan menjadi 3 stasiun (A, B, C) berdasarkan perbedaan tutupan substrat dasar perairan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jenis, morfologi, anatomi, kelimpahan dan parameter lingkungan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 6 jenis Bulu Babi yaitu Echinometra mathaei, Echinometra oblonga, Echinothrix calamaris, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Diadema setosum dan Stomopneustes variolaris. Enam Jenis Bulu Babi tersebut memiliki karakteristik morfologi dan anatomi yang berbeda. Kelimpahan bulu babi pada stasiun A sebesar 474 ind/ 15m2, stasiun B sebesar 611 ind/ 15m2 dan stasiun C sebesar 81 ind/ 15m2. Berdasarkan Uji korelasi menunjukkan bahan organik sedimen berkorelasi positif, sedangkan tekstur sedimen, suhu, salinitas berkorelasi negatif dengan kelimpahan bulu babi. Sepanjang Beach has the characteristics of sand substrates and covered by dead corals, which are overgrown by macroalgae, and is a habitat for various types of biota, one of them sea urchins. This biota has an ecological function as a detritus feeder and macroalgae population controller in a coral reef ecosystem. The aims of the study is to determine the type, morphology, anatomy, and the linkage between the abundance of sea urchins to environmental parameters. The study was conducted in November 2019 at Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul Regency. The stratified random sampling was applied as sampling method, by dividing the observation location into 3 stations (A, B, C) based on the difference coverage of substrate. The observation covers the type, morphology, anatomy, abundance, and the environmental parameter. There were 6 sea urchins species namely Echinometra mathaei, Echinometra oblonga, Echinothrix calamaris, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Diadema setosum and Stomopneustes variolaris, which have different characteristics of morphology and anatomy. The abundance of sea urchins at station A is 474 ind/ 15m2, station B is 611 ind/ 15m2, and station C is 81 ind/ 15m2. The sediment organic material and the abundance of sea urchins showed a significant correlation, while sediment texture, temperature, salinity have an insignificant correlation to the abundance of sea urchins.
The Effects on Screw Fasteners Spacing on Flexural Behavior and Strength Capacity of Cold-Formed Steel Built-Up Box Sections
Authors: Making Maria Yasinta Menge , Awaludin Ali , Supriyadi Bambang 
Published: February 2021

The capacity and behaviour of cold-formed steel built-up sections are affected by the arrangement of the connections. This study aims to determine the effect of the screw spacing to the bending capacity and behaviour of the cold-formed steel built-up box section which made from lipped-channel (1.0 mm thick, 81 mm web height, 8.5 mm lip height, upper and lower wing width 38 mm and 40 mm). A total of 19 beams with a length of 1200 mm each are subjected to pure bending moments by applying two point loads spaced 600 mm in the midspan. The screw spacing variations in the moment span are 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm, 328 mm, and 350 mm. The test results show the average of bending capacity of the beam test is increasing with the reduction in screw spacing while the screw configuration also affects the beam capacity. Analysis of the bending capacity using the effective width method and the direct strength method based on AISI S100-16 gives very conservative results. The failure mode of the built-up box sections were observed in the form of local buckling, distortion, and lateral-torsional buckling.
Palmitoylation Controls NMDA Receptor Function and Steroid Sensitivity
Authors: Hubalkova Pavla , Ladislav Marek , Vyklicky Vojtech , Smejkalova Tereza , Hrcka Krausova Barbora , Kysilov Bohdan , Krusek Jan , Naimová Zaneta , Korinek Miloslav , Chodounska Hana , Kudova Eva , Cerny Jiri , Vyklicky Ladislav 
Published: February 2021

NMDARs are ligand-gated ion channels that cause an influx of Na+and Ca2+into postsynaptic neurons. The resulting intracellular Ca2+transient triggers synaptic plasticity. When prolonged, it may induce excitotoxicity, but it may also activate negative feedback to control the activity of NMDARs. Here, we report that a transient rise in intracellular Ca2+(Ca2+challenge) increases the sensitivity of NMDARs but not AMPARs/kainate receptors to the endogenous inhibitory neurosteroid 20-oxo-5β-pregnan-3α-yl 3-sulfate and to its synthetic analogs, such as 20-oxo-5β-pregnan-3α-yl 3-hemipimelate (PAhPim). In cultured hippocampal neurons, 30 μmPAhPim had virtually no effect on NMDAR responses; however, following the Ca2+challenge, it inhibited the responses by 62%; similarly, the Ca2+challenge induced a 3.7-fold decrease in the steroid IC50on recombinant GluN1/GluN2B receptors. The increase in the NMDAR sensitivity to PAhPim was dependent on three cysteines (C849, C854, and C871) located in the carboxy-terminal domain of the GluN2B subunit, previously identified to be palmitoylated (Hayashi et al., 2009). Our experiments suggested that the Ca2+challenge induced receptor depalmitoylation, and single-channel analysis revealed that this was accompanied by a 55% reduction in the probability of channel opening. Results ofin silicomodeling indicate that receptor palmitoylation promotes anchoring of the GluN2B subunit carboxy-terminal domain to the plasma membrane and facilitates channel opening. Depalmitoylation-induced changes in the NMDAR pharmacology explain the neuroprotective effect of PAhPim on NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. We propose that palmitoylation-dependent changes in the NMDAR sensitivity to steroids serve as an acute endogenous mechanism that controls NMDAR activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere is considerable interest in negative allosteric modulators of NMDARs that could compensate for receptor overactivation by glutamate orde novogain-of-function mutations in neurodevelopmental disorders. By a combination of electrophysiological, pharmacological, and computational techniques we describe a novel feedback mechanism regulating NMDAR activity. We find that a transient rise in intracellular Ca2+increases NMDAR sensitivity to inhibitory neurosteroids in a process dependent on GluN2B subunit depalmitoylation. These results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of steroid action at the NMDAR and indeed of the basic properties of this important glutamate-gated ion channel and may aid in the development of therapeutics for treating neurologic and psychiatric diseases related to overactivation of NMDARs without affecting normal physiological functions.
Is there a need for liver enzyme monitoring in people using gender-affirming hormone therapy?
Authors: A Stangl Theresa , M Wiepjes Chantal , Defreyne Justine , Conemans Elfi , D Fisher Alessandra , Schreiner Thomas , T’Sjoen Guy , den Heijer Martin 
Published: February 2021

Context
Individuals with gender dysphoria can receive gender-affirming hormone therapy. Different guidelines mention a severe risk of liver injury within the first months after the start of treatment with anabolic androgenic steroids, anti-androgens, and oral contraceptives, which is potentially fatal.

Objective
The incidence of liver injury in a transgender population using gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Design
Multicentre prospective study with 1933 transgender individuals, who started with hormone therapy between 2010 and 2020.

Methods
The following parameters were analysed before hormone therapy, after 3 months, and after 12 months of hormone therapy: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Both male and female reference values were considered. Liver injury was defined as either an elevation of 2× upper limit of normal (ULN) of ALP, 3× ULN of ALT, or 3× ULN of AST.

Results
889 transgender women and 1044 transgender men were included in the analysis. The incidence of liver injury within 12 months after the start of hormone therapy, without attribution to alcohol abuse, medical history, or comedication was 0.1 and 0.0%. in transgender women according to female and male reference intervals respectively, and 0.6 and 0.4% in transgender men (female and male reference intervals).

Conclusion
The incidence of liver injury is found to be very low. We, therefore, conclude that liver enzyme monitoring within the frame of the risk of liver injury due to hormone therapy is not necessary for a transgender population.
MCM7 as a marker of postsurgical progression in non-functioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Hallén Tobias , Olsson Daniel S , Hammarstrand Casper , Örndal Charlotte , Engvall Angelica , Ragnarsson Oskar , Skoglund Thomas , Johannsson Gudmundur 
Published: February 2021

Objective
Current markers predicting tumour progression of pituitary adenomas after surgery are insufficient. Our objective was to investigate if minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) expression predicts tumour progression in non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs).

Methods
In a cohort study of surgically treated NFPAs, two groups with distinctly different behaviour of a residual tumour were selected: one group requiring reintervention due to tumour progression (reintervention group, n  = 57) and one with residual tumours without progression (radiologically stable group, n  = 40). MCM7, Ki-67, oestrogen receptor-α expression, mitotic index and tumour subtype were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and their association with tumour progression requiring reintervention was analysed.

Results
Median (IQR) MCM7 expression was 7.4% (2.4–15.2) in the reintervention group compared with 2.0% (0.6–5.3) in the radiologically stable group (P <0.0001). Cox regression analysis showed an association between high (>13%) MCM7 expression and reintervention (HR: 3.1; 95% CI:1.7–5.4; P  = 0.00012). The probability for reintervention within 6 years for patients with high MCM7 was 93%. Ki-67 expression >3% (P = 0.00062), age ≤55 years (P  = 0.00034) and mitotic index≥1 (P = 0.024) were also associated with reintervention. Using a receiver operating characteristics curve, a predictive model for reintervention with all the above predictors yielded an area under the curve of 82%. All eight patients with both high MCM7 and high Ki-67 needed reintervention.

Conclusion
This cohort study shows that expression of MCM7 is a predictor for clinically significant postoperative tumour progression. Together with age, Ki-67 and mitotic index, MCM7 might be of added value as a predictive marker when managing patients with NFPA after surgery.
Microfluidic approaches for synthetic gene circuits’ construction and analysis
Authors: Zhang Fengyu , Sun Yanhong , Luo Chunxiong 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMicrofluidic systems have advantages such as a high throughput, small reaction volume, and precise control of the cellular position and environment. These advantages have allowed microfluidics to be widely used in several fields of synthetic biology in recent years.ResultsIn this article, we reviewed the microfluidic‐based methods for synthetic biology from two aspects: the construction of synthetic gene circuits and the analysis of synthetic gene systems. We used some examples to illuminate the progresses and challenges in the steps of synthetic gene circuits construction and approaches of gene expression analysis with microfluidic systems.ConclusionComparing to traditional methods, microfluidic tools promise great advantages in the synthetic genetic circuit building and analysis process. Moreover, new microfluidic systems together with the mathematical modeling of synthetic circuits or consortiums are desirable to perform complex genetic circuit construction and understand the natural gene regulation in cells and population interactions better.
Mnemonic Techniques and Lie Detection: Accuracy of Truth and Deception Judgments in Repeated Accounts
Authors: Izotovas Aleksandras , Vrij Aldert , Strömwall Leif A. 
Published: February 2021

This study was an examination into whether the use of memory-enhancing techniques (mnemonics) in interviews can be helpful to distinguish truth tellers from liars. In the previous study (Izotovas et al., 2018), it was found that when mnemonic techniques were used in the interview immediately after the event, truth-tellers reported more details than liars in those immediate interviews and again after a delay. Moreover, truth-tellers, but not liars, showed patterns of reporting indicative of genuine memory decay.
In the current experiment, participants (n = 92) were asked to read the repeated statements reported by participants in the Izotovas et al.’s (2018) study and decide whether the statements they read were truthful or deceptive. One group of participants (informed condition) received information about the findings of the previous study before reading the statement. The other group received no information before reading the statement (uninformed condition). After participants made veracity judgements, they were asked an open-ended question asking what factors influenced their credibility decision. Although truthful statements were judged more accurately in the informed condition (65.2%) than in the uninformed condition (47.8%), this difference was not significant. In both conditions deceptive statements were detected at chance level (52.2%). Participants who relied on the self-reported diagnostic verbal cues to deceit were not more accurate than participants who self-reported unreliable cues. This could happen because only the minority of participants (27.4%) in both conditions based their decisions on diagnostic cues to truth/deceit.
Characteristics of Pediatric Rapid Response Systems: Results From a Survey of PRIS Hospitals
Authors: Lockwood Justin M. , Ziniel Sonja I. , Bonafide Christopher P. , Brady Patrick W. , O’Leary Sean T. , Reese Jennifer , Wathen Beth , Dempsey Amanda F. 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Many hospitals use rapid response systems (RRSs) to identify and intervene on hospitalized children at risk for deterioration.

OBJECTIVES:
To describe RRS characteristics across hospitals in the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings (PRIS) network.

METHODS:
We developed the survey through a series of prospective respondent, expert, and cognitive interviews. One institutional expert per PRIS hospital (n = 109) was asked to complete the web survey. We summarized responses using descriptive statistics with a secondary analysis of univariate associations between RRS characteristics and perceived effectiveness.

RESULTS:
The response rate was 72% (79 of 109). Respondents represented diverse hospital types and were primarily physicians (97%) with leadership roles in care escalation. Many hospitals used an early warning score (77%) for identification with variable characteristics (46% automated versus 54% full or partially manual calculation; inputs included vital signs [98%], physical examination findings [88%], diagnoses [23%], medications [19%], and diagnostic tests [14%]). Few incorporated a validated prediction model (9%). Similarly, many RRSs used a rapid response team for intervention (93%) with variable team composition (respiratory therapists [94%], ICU nurses [93%], ICU providers [67%], and pharmacists [27%]). Some used the early warning score to trigger the rapid response team (50%). Only a few staffed a clinician to proactively surveil hospitalized children for risk of deterioration (18%), and these tended to be larger hospitals (annual admissions 12 000 vs 6000, P = .007). Most responding experts stated their RRSs improved patient outcomes (92%).

CONCLUSIONS:
RRS characteristics varied across PRIS hospitals.
Most Children With Medical Complexity Do Not Receive Care in Well-Functioning Health Care Systems
Authors: Yu Justin A. , McKernan Gina , Hagerman Thomas , Schenker Yael , Houtrow Amy 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the access of children with medical complexity (CMC) to well-functioning health care systems. To examine the relationships between medical complexity status and this outcome and its component indicators.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Secondary analysis of children in the National Survey of Children’s Health combined 2016–2017 data set who received care in well-functioning health systems. Secondary outcomes included this measure’s component indicators. The χ2 analyses were used to examine associations between child and family characteristics and the primary outcome. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to examine relationships between medical complexity status and primary and secondary outcomes. Using these regression models, we examined the interaction between medical complexity status and household income.

RESULTS:
CMC accounted for 1.6% of the weighted sample (n = 1.2 million children). Few CMC (7.6%) received care in a well-functioning health care system. CMC were significantly less likely than children with special health care needs (CSHCN) (odds ratio, 0.3) of meeting criteria for this primary outcome. Attainment rates for secondary outcomes (families feeling like partners in care; receives care within a medical home; received needed health care) were significantly lower among CMC than CSHCN. Family income was significantly associated with likelihood of meeting criteria for primary and secondary outcomes; however, the relationships between medical complexity status and our outcomes did not differ by income level.

CONCLUSIONS:
CMC are less likely than other CSHCN to report receiving care in well-functioning health care systems at all income levels. Further efforts are necessary to better adapt current health care systems to meet the unique needs of CMC.
A review on chemical and mechanical phenomena at the wafer interface during chemical mechanical planarization
Authors: Seo Jihoon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs the minimum feature size of integrated circuit elements has shrunk below 7 nm, chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) technology has grown by leaps and bounds over the past several decades. There has been a growing interest in understanding the fundamental science and technology of CMP, which has continued to lag behind advances in technology. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of various chemical and mechanical phenomena such as contact mechanics, lubrication models, chemical reaction that occur between slurry components and films being polished, electrochemical reactions, adsorption behavior and mechanism, temperature effects, and the complex interactions occurring at the wafer interface during polishing. It also provides important insights into new strategies and novel concepts for next‐generation CMP slurries. Finally, the challenges and future research directions related to the chemical and mechanical process and slurry chemistry are highlighted.
Procrastination and its effect on English writing errors and writing performance of medical students
Authors: Kafipour Reza , Jafari Samaneh 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to investigate the relationship between procrastination and students’ writing performance. It also seeks to find a correlation between students’ writing error types and procrastination. The study followed a quantitative-survey design that utilized a writing test and a questionnaire to collect data using a convenience sampling method from 44 medical students at a university in Iran. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Based on the results, the most frequently occurred errors were developmental errors followed by others and ambiguous errors. Interlingual errors were found as the least frequently occurred errors. Besides, procrastination was strongly and negatively correlated with and contributed to the students’ writing performance. Finally, procrastination contributed to all four types of errors made by the students as the dependent variable’s variance value correlated significantly with all the independent variables. As some implications of this study, teachers can learn about learners’ writing error types and inform their instruction. Additionally, this can help instructors develop methods that can help decrease procrastination levels among learners.
Gender Differences in Vascular Stiffness Indicators and Daily Blood Pressure Profile in Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Depressive Disorders
Authors: Fendrikova A. V. , Skibitskiy V. V. , Skibitskiy A. V. 
Published: February 2021

Aim To study gender-related characteristics of vascular wall stiffness (VWS), central blood pressure (CBP), and BP diurnal profile in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and depression.Material and methods This prospective, noninterventional study enrolled 161 patients, including 98 patients with AH and depression (50 (51 %) men and 48 (49 %) women) and 63 patients with AH without depression (32 (50.8 %) men and 31 (49.2 %) women. The 24-h BP monitoring (24-h BPM) with a BPLab Vasotens hardware system was performed for all patients. The following indexes were evaluated: mean diurnal, mean daytime, and mean nighttime systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP); daytime and nighttime SBP and DBP time index; SBP and DBP variability; and suite of metrics characterizing VWS and CBP. Depression was diagnosed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using the STATISTICA 12 software.Results In the patient group with AH and depression, practically all indexes of 24-h BPM were higher for men than for women (р<0.05). Most 24-h BPM parameters did not differ in groups of men and women without depression. Independent of gender, 24-h BPM parameters were significantly higher in patients with both AH and depression than in AH patients without depression. Adverse changes in major indexes of VWS and CBP, were more pronounced in men than in women with AH and depression (р<0.05). Adverse changes in most VWS and CBP indexes were more statistically significant for men with AH and depression than for men without depression.Conclusion The presence of depression in men and women with AH was associated with significant pathological changes in both BP diurnal profile and CBP and VWS parameters. Furthermore, adverse changes in indexes were more pronounced for men with depression than for women. The study results should be taken into account in administration of antihypertensive and psychocorrective drug therapy to personalize the treatment and provide not only optimization of diurnal BP profile but also vasoprotection.