bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nucleoside antiviral prodrug remdesivir in treating COVID-19 and beyond with interspecies significance
Authors: Yan Daisy , Ra One Hyuk , Yan Bingfang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInfectious pandemics result in hundreds and millions of deaths, notable examples of the Spanish Flu, the Black Death and smallpox. The current pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), is unprecedented even in the historical term of pandemics. The unprecedentedness is featured by multiple surges, rapid identification of therapeutic options and accelerated development of vaccines. Remdesivir, originally developed for Ebola viral disease, is the first treatment of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. As demonstrated by in vitro and preclinical studies, this therapeutic agent is highly potent with a broad spectrum activity against viruses from as many as seven families even cross species. However, randomized controlled trials have failed to confirm the efficacy and safety. Remdesivir improves some clinical signs but not critical parameters such as mortality. This antiviral agent is an ester/phosphorylation prodrug and excessive hydrolysis which increases cellular toxicity. Remdesivir is given intravenously, leading to concentration spikes and likely increasing the potential of hydrolysis-based toxicity. This review has proposed a conceptual framework for improving its efficacy and minimizing toxicity not only for the COVID-19 pandemic but also for future ones caused by remdesivir-sensitive viruses.
METTL3-mediated RNA m6A Hypermethylation Promotes Tumorigenesis and GH Secretion of Pituitary Somatotroph Adenomas
Authors: Chang Mengqi , Wang Zihao , Gao Jun , Yang Chengxian , Feng Ming , Niu Yamei , Tong Wei-Min , Bao Xinjie , Wang Renzhi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Pituitary growth hormone-secreting (GH) pituitary adenomas (PAs) cause mass effects and dysregulated hypersecretion of GH. However, somatic mutation burden is low in PAs. While progress has been made in identifying the epigenetic changes involved in GH-PA initiation, the precise details of its tumorigenesis in GH-PA patients remains to be elucidated. As N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been shown to often play a critical role in various tumors, it represents a possible initiation point for the tumorigenesis of pituitary adenomas. However, the role of RNA methylation in GH adenomas remains unclear.

Methods
Protein expression of m6A regulators was measured by immunohistochemistry. Global levels and distribution of m6A methylation were separately analyzed by m6A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and m6A sequencing (m6A-seq). RNA interference and lentivirus knockdown system were used to investigate the role of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and its m6A- dependent regulatory mechanism in tumor progression and GH secretion.

Results
We show that both METTL3 messenger RNA and protein expression are elevated in GH-PA samples when compared with both normal pituitary tissue specimens and nonsecreting pituitary adenomas. Levels of m6A modification increased in GH-PAs, and hypermethylated RNAs are involved in hormone secretion and cell development. Knockdown of METTL3 in GH3 cell line resulted in decreased cell growth and GH secretion. Importantly, we found that GNAS and GADD45γ act as the downstream targets in this process.

Conclusion
Our findings strongly suggest that m6A methyltransferase METTL3 promotes tumor growth and hormone secretion by increasing expression of GNAS and GADD45γ in a m6A-dependent manner. Thus, METTL3 and the methylated RNAs constitute suitable targets for clinical treatment of GH-PAs.
Stay Home or Not? Modeling Individuals’ Decisions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wan Qifeng , Xu Xuanhua , Hunt Kyle , Zhuang Jun 
Published: September 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, staying home proved to be an effective way to mitigate the spread of the virus. Stay-at-home orders and guidelines were issued by governments across the globe and were followed by a large portion of the population in the early stages of the outbreak when there was a lack of COVID-specific medical knowledge. The decision of whether to stay home came with many trade-offs, such as risking personal exposure to the virus when leaving home or facing financial and mental health burdens when remaining home. In this research, we study how individuals make strategic decisions to balance these conflicting outcomes. We present a model to study individuals’ decision making based on decision and prospect theory, and we conduct sensitivity analysis to study the fluctuations in optimal strategies when there are changes made to the model’s parameters. A Monte Carlo simulation is implemented to further study the performance of our model, and we compare our simulation results with real data that captures individuals’ stay-at-home decisions. Overall, this research models and analyzes the behaviors of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic and can help support decision making regarding control measures and policy development when public health emergencies appear in the future. History: This article was accepted for the Decision Analysis Special Issue on Emerging Topics in Health. Funding: The first two authors’ efforts were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71971217 and 71671189], the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71790615 and 91846301], and the Independent Exploration of Innovation Project for Postgraduate of Central South University [Grant 2019zzts843]. The third author’s effort was partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [Grant 2043091].
Reescriptures literàries. La hipertextualitat en les literatures occidentals (1900-1939), de Carme Gregori, Gonçal López-Pampló, Jordi Malé (eds.)
Authors: Armengol Gimeno Elisabet 
Published: September 2021

Els estudis recollits en el volum Reescriptures literàries (Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2020) ofereixen un ampli i rigorós estudi dels usos i les funcions de la reescriptura a partir d’un marc teòric compartit: l’aportació de Gérard Genette a la qüestió de la hipertextualitat (Palimpsestes. La littérature au second degré, 1982). El text aquí en examen se centra en la producció literària del període que va de 1900 a 1939 i pretén ampliar els horitzons i el camp d’investigació en la fase culminant de la Modernitat.
Cascaded microring resonator configuration with inbuilt tapered regions for simultaneous detection of assorted nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Bag Saawan , Varshney Shailendra K. 
Published: September 2021

Fast and accurate detection of nanoparticles (NP) has always been challenging due to the weak interaction of nanoparticles with the transducing signal. Moreover, detecting nanoparticles of different sizes and types mixed in a matrix adds more difficulty. In this work, we propose an integrated on-chip photonic platform that can detect a single nanoparticle. The proposed device comprises two parallel-coupled microring resonators where a small region in the noncoupled arms of the resonator has been tapered. Tapered regions intensify the evanescent field strength by many folds, which improves light–matter interaction, resulting in better sensitivity. Finite difference time domain simulations reveal the splitting of a resonant mode in the presence of a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) of radius 100 nm, whereas in the case of dielectric NP, broadening in linewidth is observed. The proposed approach has the unique capability to detect various sizes and types of NP simultaneously, including dielectric nanoparticles. Therefore, the proposed architecture may play a pivotal role in the simultaneous quantification and identification of biological objects such as novel viruses, bacteria, and proteins.
Associations of circulating dimethylarginines with the metabolic syndrome in the Framingham Offspring study
Authors: Yola Ibrahim Musa , Moser Carlee , Duncan Meredith S. , Schwedhelm Edzard , Atzler Dorothee , Maas Renke , Hannemann Juliane , Böger Rainer H. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Xanthakis Vanessa 
Published: September 2021

Background
Circulating levels of the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), are positively associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in cross-sectional investigations. It is unclear if circulating ADMA and other methylarginines are associated with incident MetS prospectively.

Methods
We related circulating ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), L-arginine (ARG) concentrations (measured with a validated tandem mass spectrometry assay) and the ARG/ADMA ratio to MetS and its components in 2914 (cross-sectional analysis, logistic regression; mean age 58 years, 55% women) and 1656 (prospective analysis, Cox regression; mean age 56 years, 59% women) individuals from the Framingham Offspring Study who attended a routine examination.

Results
Adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and eGFR, we observed significant associations of ADMA (direct) and ARG/ADMA (inverse) with odds of MetS (N = 1461 prevalent cases; Odds Ratio [OR] per SD increment 1.13, 95%CI 1.04–1.22; and 0.89, 95%CI 0.82–0.97 for ADMA and ARG/ADMA, respectively). Upon further adjustment for waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, we observed a positive relation between SDMA and MetS (OR per SD increment 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.30) but the other associations were rendered statistically non-significant. We did not observe statistically significant associations between any of the methylarginines and the risk of new-onset MetS (752 incident events) over a median follow-up of 11 years.

Conclusion
It is unclear whether dimethylarginines play an important role in the incidence of cardiometabolic risk in the community, notwithstanding cross-sectional associations. Further studies of larger samples are needed to replicate our findings.
Active surveillance for adverse events in patients on longer treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Viet Nam
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Bao , Vu Dinh Hoa , Thuy Nguyen Thi , Quang Duong Van , Huyen Cao Thi Thu , Hoa Nguyen Mai , Anh Nguyen Hoang , Dat Phan Thuong , Hoa Nguyen Binh , Tiemersma Edine , Nhung Nguyen Viet 
Published: September 2021

Objective
Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a significant challenge to the global healthcare system due to the complexity and long duration of the MDR-TB treatment. This study analyzed the safety of patients on longer injectable-based MDR-TB treatment regimens using active pharmacovigilance data.

Method
We conducted an observational, prospective study based on active pharmacovigilance within the national TB program. A total of 659 MDR-TB patients were enrolled and followed up at 9 TB- hospitals in 9 provinces of all 3 regions in Vietnam between 2014 and 2016. Patients received a treatment regimen (standardized or individualized) based on their drug susceptibility test result and their treatment history. Baseline and follow-up information was collected at the start and during treatment. Adverse events (AE) were defined and classified as serious adverse events (SAEs) or otherwise. Multivariate Cox regression following the Iterative Bayesian Model Averaging algorithm was performed to identify factors associated with AE occurrence.

Results
Out of 659 patients assessed, 71.3% experienced at least one AE, and 17.5% suffered at least one SAE. The most common AEs were gastrointestinal disorders (38.5%), arthralgia (34.7%), and psychiatric disorders (30.0%). The proportion of patients with nephrotoxicity and hearing loss or vestibular disorders were 7.4% and 15.2%, respectively. 13.1% of patients required modifications or interruption of one or more drugs. In 77.7% of patients, treatment was completed successfully, while 9.3% lost to follow-up, in 3.0% treatment failed, and 7.4% died. Some significant risk factors for nephrotoxicity included diabetes mellitus (HR = 8.46 [1.91–37.42]), renal dysfunction (HR = 8.46 [1.91–37.42]), alcoholism (HR = 13.28 [5.04–34.99]), and a higher average daily dose of injectable drugs (HR = 1.28 [1.14–1.43]).

Conclusion
While a majority of patients on the longer injectable-based regimens experienced non-serious AEs during MDR-TB treatment, one in six patients experienced at least an SAE. Active TB drug-safety monitoring is useful to understand the safety of MDR-TB treatment and explore the risk factors for toxicity. All-oral, shorter MDR-TB regimens might be able to reduce the inconvenience, discomfort, and toxicity of such regimens and increase adherence and likelihood of successful completion.
NSAID use is not associated with Parkinson’s disease incidence: A Norwegian Prescription Database study
Authors: Brakedal Brage , Tzoulis Charalampos , Tysnes Ole-Bjørn , Haugarvoll Kristoffer 
Published: September 2021

Objective
Whether use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the risk of incident Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unresolved. Here, we employed the Norwegian Prescription Database to examine whether NSAID use is associated with a lower incidence of PD.

Methods
We compared the incidence of PD among users of NSAIDs in a population-based retrospective study using the Norwegian Prescription Database from 2004 to 2017. In total 7580 PD patients were identified using dopaminergic therapy over time as proxy for PD diagnosis. Analyses were performed with minimum 90 and 365 defined daily dose (DDD) NSAID exposure, respectively. Time-dependent Cox regression model and a binary logistic regression analysis with a 5-year lag until PD diagnosis were performed for all NSAIDs.

Results
There was overall no decrease in incidence of PD among NSAID users compared to controls. Using a minimum of 90 or 365 DDD threshold of exposure produced similar results. Analysis of individual NSAIDs did not show difference in PD incidence compared to controls Age-specific incidence rates of PD were comparable to reported age-specific incidence rates in previous studies.

Interpretation
Our findings provide no evidence that cumulative high exposure to NSAIDs affects the risk of developing PD.
Molecular analysis of mitochrondrial cytb of Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand revealed potential historical connection with South Asia
Authors: Phadungsaksawasdi Kobpat , Sunantaraporn Sakone , Seatamanoch Nirin , Kongdachalert Switt , Phumee Atchara , Kraivichian Kanyarat , Sawaswong Vorthon , Payungporn Sunchai , Brownell Narisa , Siriyasatien Padet 
Published: September 2021

Background
Pediculus humanus capitis or head louse is an obligate ectoparasite and its infestation remains a major public health issue worldwide. Molecular analysis divides head lice into six clades and intra-clade genetic differences have been identified. Several hypotheses have been formulated to elucidate the discrepancies of the variety of head lice among different regions of the world. It is currently concluded that head lice distribution might be associated with human migration history. This study aims to investigate genetic data of human head lice in Thailand. We believe that the analysis could help establish the correlation between local and global head lice populations.

Method
We investigated mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene of the collected 214 head lice to evaluate genetic diversity from 15 provinces among 6 regions of Thailand. The head lice genes were added to the global pool for the phylogenetic tree, Bayesian tree, Skyline plot, and median joining network construction. The biodiversity, neutrality tests, and population genetic differentiation among the 6 Thailand geographic regions were analyzed by DNAsp version 6.

Results
The phylogenetic tree analysis of 214 collected head lice are of clade A and clade C accounting for roughly 65% and 35% respectively. The Bayesian tree revealed a correlation of clade diversification and ancient human dispersal timeline. In Thailand, clade A is widespread in the country. Clade C is confined to only the Central, Southern, and Northeastern regions. We identified 50 novel haplotypes. Statistical analysis showed congruent results between genetic differentiation and population migration especially with South Asia.

Conclusions
Pediculosis remains problematic among children in the rural areas in Thailand. Cytb gene analysis of human head lice illustrated clade distribution and intra-clade diversity of different areas. Our study reported novel haplotypes of head lice in Thailand. Moreover, the statistic calculation provided a better understanding of their relationship with human, as an obligate human parasite and might help provide a better insight into the history of human population migration. Determination of the correlation between phylogenetic data and pediculicide resistance gene as well as residing bacteria are of interest for future studies.
New Nonfiction Film: Art, Poetics, and Documentary Theory, Dara Waldron (2018 h/bk, 2020 p/bk)
Authors: Holdsworth Claire M. 
Published: September 2021

Review of: New Nonfiction Film: Art, Poetics, and Documentary Theory, Dara Waldron (2018 h/bk, 2020 p/bk)
New York and London: Bloomsbury Academic, 224 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-50132-249-5, h/bk, £95.00
ISBN 978-1-50132-250-1, p/bk, £28.99
Prototype of lineal solar collector Fresnel
Authors: Tarazona-Romero Brayan Eduardo , Campos-Celador Álvaro , Muñoz-Maldonado Yecid Alfonso , Sandoval-Rodríguez Camilo Leonardo , Ascanio-Villabona Javier Gonzalo 
Published: September 2021

The development of a prototype linear solar collector Type Fresnel, has a purpose the use of direct solar heat radiation for water heating and/or steam production, as an alternative to supply conventional water heating systems or steam generators, which consume energy from fossil fuels.
For the development of the system, used the solar radiation of the UTS, located in Bucaramanga, Colombia, is identify the mathematical models to perform the sizing, then materials based on technical specifications and availability in Colombia, in order to perform the assembly and field tests, measuring the ambient and in the collector temperature to determine the efficiency of the model.
It should be noted that, the model presented does not have a control system for flow, temperature, pressure and level, it has no solar tracking of any kind; Its movement was done manually with each reflex. Finally, the model does not have a hydraulic system forced, and has a preheater at the entry of the concentration point.
The planning process of transport tasks for autonomous vans
Authors: Nieoczym Aleksander , Caban Jacek , Stopka Ondrej , Krajka Tomasz , Stopková Mária 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, we have seen an increase in interest in autonomous mobility around the world. Autonomous vehicles have enormous potential, and the development of radar, information, communication, and measurement technologies brings us closer and closer to this type of mobility. This article considers the principles of planning and selecting routes for transport tasks. The research on the values of indicators characterizing the transport process was carried out for a simple case, when vehicles move along a fixed route without disturbances. The research used mathematical modelling based on the theory of Markov random systems to determine the capacity of the system, the average length of the queue for service, and the average number of transport tasks. The simulations were carried out for the assumed number of vehiclesm= 15 and for points requiring serviceN= 40. The ranges were obtained wherein the number of occupied vehicles oscillated around 30% (forρ= 0.1), when all the vehicles were occupied (forρ= 0.625), and when the system became inefficient.
DEM study of the angle of repose and porosity distribution of cylindrical particles with different lengths
Authors: Zhou Heng , Tian Xu , Guo Xingyu , Kou Mingyin , Wu Shengli , Shen Yansong , You Yang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Effect of the length of cylindrical particle on repose angle and porosity of a pile was numerically studied using discrete element method. The variation of repose angle and porosity with coefficient of sliding and rolling friction were also discussed. The results shown that compared with sphere particle, the bottom size of cylindrical pile is smaller, while the height of cylinder pile is larger and the heap is steeper. With the increase of the length of cylinder, the contour line of the pile becomes steep, and the angle of repose increases. The repose angle shows a positive correlation with coefficient of sliding and rolling friction. The porosity increases with the increase of the length of cylinders. The trends of porosity are basically consist with that of repose angle, and with increase of friction coefficient, the average porosity increases.
Assessment of cement replacement with fine recycled rubber particles in sustainable cementitious composites
Authors: Atef Mohamed , Bassioni Ghada , Azab Nahid , Abdellatif Mohamed Hazem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Egypt plays an important role in the consuming markets for tires all over the world. There is an urgent need to get rid of them in an economic and environmental way since it is considered as a harmful waste if burnt. The World trend is directed towards the improvement of new techniques to insert the rubber into useful products to maximize the benefit of recycling. This research deals with the expansion of novel techniques for rubber powder recycling for various purposes in a robust construction. Recycled rubber particles (RRP) are mixed with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) using various water to binder ratio (W/B) at 0.3 and 0.4. The Fourier transform – infrared (FT-IR) spectra is measured for RRP. The compressive strength (C.S) is investigated for the rubberized cement pastes at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The results aimed to enhance the compressive strength of rubberized cement pastes through improving the bonding strength between RRP and OPC by using fine particles of RRP. Maintaining the compressive strength in the highest levels with different RRP percentages in addition to the vibrational damping property of RRP gives rubberized cement pastes the advantage to replace ordinary concrete in most construction applications.
Happiness, Competition, and Not Necessarily Arrogance in Kant
Authors: Smith Catherine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKant held that human beings are competitive and not very good at living together in harmony. He also held that the principle of one’s own happiness is the central opponent of the principle of morality. According to Allen Wood, these claims are related: the competitive tendencies Kant attributes to human nature reveal, according to Wood, that the very shape of our human idea of happiness is derived from a deep-seated arrogance, incompatible with morality. I argue, by contrast, that although Kant’s discussion of human nature reveals that human happiness is complicated by interpersonal comparisons and tensions, these are not immoral (or derived from immorality) and require no claims of innate human arrogance for their explanation. Consequently, these aspects of human nature are not themselves the reason that Kant considers our desire for happiness to be in conflict with our morality.