bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Joule heating and viscous dissipation on the boundary layer flow of a magnetohydrodynamics micropolar‐nanofluid over a stretching vertical Riga plate
Authors: Eldabe Nabil T. , Gabr Mahmoud E. , Zaher Abdullah Z. , Zaher Sameh A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractJoule heating and viscous dissipation effects on the behavior of the boundary layer flow of a micropolar nanofluid over a stretching vertical Riga plate (electro magnetize plate) are considered. The flow is disturbed by an external electric magnetic field. The problem is formulated mathematically by nonlinear system of partial differential equations (PDEs). By using suitable variables transformations, this system is transformed onto a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The Parametric NDsolve package of the commercial software Mathematica is used to solve the obtained ODEs as well as the considered numerical results for different physical parameters with appropriate boundary conditions. Novel results are obtained by studying the stream lines flow around the plate in two and three dimensions. Moreover, the effects of the pertinent parameters on the skin friction coefficient, couple stress, local Nusselt, and Sherwood number are discussed. Special cases of the obtained results show excellent agreements with previous works. The results showed that as the magnetic field parameter increases the velocity of the boundary layer adjacent to the stretching sheet decreases. Also, for a productive chemical reaction near the sheet surface, the angular velocity decreases but opposite trend is observed far from the sheet surface. The importance of this study comes from its significant applications in many scientific fields, such as nuclear reactors, industry, medicine, and geophysics.
ER−/PR+ breast cancer: A distinct entity, which is morphologically and molecularly close to triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Beltjens Françoise , Molly Damien , Bertaut Aurélie , Richard Corentin , Desmoulins Isabelle , Loustalot Catherine , Charon‐Barra Céline , Courcet Emilie , Bergeron Anthony , Ladoire Sylvain , Jankowski Clémentine , Boidot Romain , Arnould Laurent 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDetermining the status of steroid hormone receptors [oestrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR)] is a crucial part of the breast cancer workup. Thereby, breast cancers can be classified into four subtypes. However, the existence of ER−/PR+ tumours, often reported to be ill‐classified due to technical errors, remains controversial. In order to address this controversy, we reviewed the hormone receptor status of 49 breast tumours previously classified as ER−/PR+ by immunohistochemistry, and compared clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics of confirmed ER−/PR+ tumours with those of ER+ and triple‐negative tumours. We unequivocally confirmed the ER−/PR+ status in 27 of 49 tumours (0.3% of all breast cancers diagnosed in our institution between 2000 and 2014). We found that ER−/PR+ were morphologically and histologically similar to triple‐negative tumours, but very distinct from ER+ tumours, with more aggressive phenotypes and more frequent basal marker expression than the latter. On the molecular level, RNA sequencing revealed different gene expression profiles between the three groups. Of particular interest, several genes controlled by the suppressor of zest 12 (SUZ12) were upregulated in ER−/PR+ tumours. Overall, our results confirm that ER−/PR+ breast cancers are an extremely rare but ‘real’ tumour subtype that requires careful diagnosis and has distinct features warranting different responsiveness to therapies and different clinical outcomes. Studies on larger cohorts are needed to further characterise these tumours. The likely involvement of SUZ12 in their biology is an interesting finding which may – in a long run – give rise to the development of new therapeutic alternatives.
Upregulation of lncRNA DARS‐AS1 accelerates tumor malignancy in cervical cancer by activating cGMP‐PKG pathway
Authors: Kong Xia , Wang Ji‐Shui , Yang Hua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the function of lncRNA DARS‐AS1 in cervical cancer (CC) as well as its in‐depth mechanism. The differential expression of DARS‐AS1 and ATP1B2 were analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype‐Tissue Expression databases, and the survival rate was measured using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Biological function experiments were performed to detect cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect the expression of DARS‐AS1 and ATP1B2. Western blot analysis was utilized to assess the protein levels of ATP1B2 and cGMP‐PKG pathway‐related proteins. DARS‐AS1 was expressed at high levels in CC tissues and cell lines, and high expression of DARS‐AS1 indicated a lower survival rate. CCK‐8 and colony formation assays revealed that the overexpression of DARS‐AS1 promoted the proliferation of CC cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis suggested that the cGMP‐PKG pathway ranks as the first pathway enriched by the differential genes that correlated with DARS‐AS1 (|r| > 0.4). ATP1B2, as a cGMP‐PKG pathway‐related gene, was significantly correlated with the overall survival of CC patients. We further confirmed that ATP1B2 was lowly expressed in CC and negatively correlated with the DARS‐AS1 expression. Then, biological function experiments exhibited that the promotion of cell proliferation, invasion, and migration resulted due to the upregulation of DARS‐AS1 could be canceled by ATP1B2 overexpression. Finally, Western blot revealed that upregulation of DARS‐AS1 could activate the cGMP‐PKG pathway, while overexpression of ATP1B2 reversed this activation. Our study revealed that DARS‐AS1/ATP1B2 contributes to regulating the progression of CC at least partially by modulating the cGMP‐PKG pathway.
Efficient small toxic gaseous molecule scavengers in metal‐defective graphene: A density functional analysis
Authors: Deng Jin‐Pei , Chuang Wen‐Hua , Kao Hsien‐Chang , Wang Bo‐Cheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe adsorption property of small toxic gaseous molecules (SO2, SO3, H2S, and N2O) with metal/hexa‐vacancy defective graphene (denoted as HDG‐M, M: Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) was determined by density functional theory. The results of these calculations show that the Fe2+ ion has the best and Cu2+ the worst absorption ability to capture all of the above toxic gases with selected adsorption orientation. These results can provide useful information for the application of the designed HDG‐M adsorbents in food science and ecosystem monitoring.
Initiation of cell volume regulation and unique cell volume regulatory mechanisms in mammalian oocytes and embryos
Authors: Tscherner Allison K. , Macaulay Angus D. , Ortman Chyna S. , Baltz Jay M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe period beginning with the signal for ovulation, when a fully‐grown oocyte progresses through meiosis to become a mature egg that is fertilized and develops as a preimplantation embryo, is crucial for healthy development. The early preimplantation embryo is unusually sensitive to cell volume perturbations, with even moderate decreases in volume or dysregulation of volume‐regulatory mechanisms resulting in developmental arrest. To prevent this, early embryos possess mechanisms of cell volume control that are apparently unique to them. These rely on the accumulation of glycine and betaine (N, N, N‐trimethylglycine) as organic osmolytes—compounds that can provide intracellular osmotic support without the deleterious effects of inorganic ions. Preimplantation embryos also have the same mechanisms as somatic cells that mediate rapid responses to deviations in cell volume, which rely on inorganic ion transport. Both the unique, embryo‐specific mechanisms that use glycine and betaine and the inorganic ion‐dependent mechanisms undergo major changes during meiotic maturation and preimplantation development. The most profound changes occur immediately after ovulation is triggered. Before this, oocytes cannot regulate their volume, since they are strongly attached to their rigid extracellular matrix shell, the zona pellucida. After ovulation is triggered, the oocyte detaches from the zona pellucida and first becomes capable of independent volume regulation. A complex set of developmental changes in each cell volume‐regulatory mechanism continues through egg maturation and preimplantation development. The unique cell volume‐regulatory mechanisms in eggs and preimplantation embryos and the developmental changes they undergo appear critical for normal healthy embryo development.
New insights into carnitine‐acylcarnitine translocase deficiency from 23 cases: Management challenges and potential therapeutic approaches
Authors: Ryder Bryony , Inbar‐Feigenberg Michal , Glamuzina Emma , Halligan Rebecca , Vara Roshni , Elliot Aoife , Coman David , Minto Tahlee , Lewis Katherine , Schiff Manuel , Vijay Suresh , Akroyd Rhonda , Thompson Sue , MacDonald Anita , Woodward Abigail J. M. , Gribben Joanne. E. L. , Grunewald Stephanie , Belaramani Kiran , Hall Madeleine , van der Haak Natalie , Devanapalli Beena , Tolun Adviye Ayper , Wilson Callum , Bhattacharya Kaustuv 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCarnitine acyl‐carnitine translocase deficiency (CACTD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial long‐chain fatty‐acid transport. Most patients present in the first 2 days of life, with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, hyperammonaemia, cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia, hepatomegaly and elevated liver enzymes. Multi‐centre international retrospective chart review of clinical presentation, biochemistry, treatment modalities including diet, subsequent complications, and mode of death of all patients. Twenty‐three patients from nine tertiary metabolic units were identified. Seven attenuated patients of Pakistani heritage, six of these homozygous c.82G>T, had later onset manifestations and long‐term survival without chronic hyperammonemia. Of the 16 classical cases, 15 had cardiac involvement at presentation comprising cardiac arrhythmias (9/15), cardiac arrest (7/15), and cardiac hypertrophy (9/15). Where recorded, ammonia levels were elevated in all but one severe case (13/14 measured) and 14/16 had hypoglycaemia. Nine classical patients survived longer‐term—most with feeding difficulties and cognitive delay. Hyperammonaemia appears refractory to ammonia scavenger treatment and carglumic acid, but responds well to high glucose delivery during acute metabolic crises. High‐energy intake seems necessary to prevent decompensation. Anaplerosis utilising therapeutic d,l‐3‐hydroxybutyrate, Triheptanoin and increased protein intake, appeared to improve chronic hyperammonemia and metabolic stability where trialled in individual cases. CACTD is a rare disorder of fatty acid oxidation with a preponderance to severe cardiac dysfunction. Long‐term survival is possible in classical early‐onset cases with long‐chain fat restriction, judicious use of glucose infusions, and medium chain triglyceride supplementation. Adjunctive therapies supporting anaplerosis may improve longer‐term outcomes.
Glycoproteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases: A glycoproteomic approach
Authors: Xu Ming‐ming , Zhou Mao‐tian , Li Shu‐wei , Zhen Xue‐chu , Yang Shuang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are incurable and can develop progressively debilitating disorders, including dementia and ataxias. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the most common NDs that mainly affect the elderly people. There is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic tools so that patients can be accurately stratified at an early stage. As a common post‐translational modification, protein glycosylation plays a key role in physiological and pathological processes. The abnormal changes in glycosylation are associated with the altered biological pathways in NDs. The pathogenesis‐related proteins, like amyloid‐β and microtubule‐associated protein tau, have altered glycosylation. Importantly, specific glycosylation changes in cerebrospinal fluid, blood and urine are valuable for revealing neurodegeneration in the early stages. This review describes the emerging biomarkers based on glycoproteomics in NDs, highlighting the potential applications of glycoprotein biomarkers in the early detection of diseases, monitoring of the disease progression, and measurement of the therapeutic responses. The mass spectrometry‐based strategies for characterizing glycoprotein biomarkers are also introduced.
Mechanisms of immunogenic cell death and immune checkpoint blockade therapy
Authors: Lin Richard A. , Lin Jessica K. , Lin Shiaw‐Yih 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) refers to a form of regulated cell death that activates adaptive immunity, forming long‐term immunological memory. Using chemotherapeutic drugs to induce ICD in cancer cells can help create an inflamed, immunogenic tumor environment, key for optimal immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy response. ICB targets immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed death 1 (PD‐1). Durable responses and better quality of life in ICB patients compared with many other treatments has prompted additional investigation into its therapeutic potential and possible approaches, in an effort to further understand the functions of the costimulatory molecules and how new treatments may be designed. In this review, we will summarize ICD induction, including stress responses, damage‐associated molecular patterns, and various assays by which immunogenicity is evaluated in dying cells. In addition, the mechanisms and biomarkers underlying the CTLA4 and PD‐1 pathways of checkpoint blockade will be covered. Finally, we will review the synergistic effects of ICD induction combined with ICB therapy, as well as combination blockade therapies involving the use of multiple drugs.
The Impact of Dental Care in Head and Neck Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Haynes David Aaron , Vanison Christopher C. , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: February 2021

Objective/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the impact of dental care on head and neck (H&N) cancer survival.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL to find all relevant studies from the date of inception to March 2020. Systematic review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, and meta‐analysis was performed using the random effects logistic regression model. Primary outcomes of interest were 5‐year survival and hazard ratios comparing survival between dental care subgroups.ResultsH&N cancer survival rates strongly correlate with dental care adherence. Patients with good dental care had significantly better survival than patients with poor dental care (HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55–0.83), with similar improved survival among patients with moderate versus poor dental care (HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.57–0.80). In addition, patients with good dental care had significantly decreased mortality than those with moderate dental care (HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69–0.96), indicating an exposure‐response gradient.ConclusionsFor patients with H&N cancer, survival is significantly higher in those who receive recommended dental care compared with those who do not.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:45–52, 2022
Intraoperative nerve monitoring in thyroid surgery: Analysis of recurrent laryngeal nerve identification and operative time
Authors: Maneeprasopchoke Prachya , Chongkolwatana Cheerasook , Pongsapich Warut , Iwata Ayaka J. , Kamani Dipti , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical value of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) by comparing the procedure times for thyroidectomies performed with and without IONM.MethodsA prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted on 32 patients (representing 41 nerves at risk) undergoing thyroidectomies carried out by two experienced head and neck surgeons (CC & WP). Sixteen thyroidectomies were performed without IONM (the “non‐IONM group”), while 16 thyroidectomies were performed with IONM (the “IONM group”). The measured datapoints were setup time, time to visual identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), time to confirm the RLN electrophysiologically, dissection time, and total operative time.ResultsWith both surgeons, the IONM group had shorter visual times to RLN identification than the non‐IONM group (CC: 3.7 minutes vs 5.3 minutes; WP: 3.4 minutes vs 9.7 minutes). Additionally, the electrophysiological identification time for the IONM group was shorter than the visual identification time for the non‐IONM group. The setup times, dissection times, and total operative times of the 2 groups did not significantly differ (P > .05). No RLN injuries were observed.ConclusionsIONM reduces the time needed for RLN identification in thyroidectomies. Functional RLN confirmation can reassure surgeons of the operative results. Moreover, use of IONM does not significantly impact setup and total operative times.Level of evidence2.
Geo‐integrated assessment of the landslide zone around Gadora along NH 58 of the Garhwal Himalayas, India
Authors: Falae Philips Omowumi , Dash Rajesh Kumar , Samanta Manojit , Kanungo D.P. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe Gadora village landslide zone situated along National Highway 58 has become very active in recent years. The landslide zone is causing a lot of damage to property along the highway and endangering the lives of people living uphill and downhill of the slopes. In the present study, a combined geological, geophysical and geotechnical investigation has been carried out to establish the subsurface layering system of the landslide. Undisturbed and disturbed samples were collected along the depth of the boreholes to determine the engineering properties of different layers. The subsurface layering and drainage patterns of the slope were inferred from electrical resistivity tomography conducted at different stretches of the slope. The present paper describes the layering system along with the engineering and physical properties obtained from the integrated geo‐investigation. The established near‐surface geometric, hydrological and material model enabled the stability study of the slope.
Ab initio dynamics of gas‐phase and aqueous‐phase hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate
Authors: Saxena Raghav , Avanigadda V B K Sai Phani Kumar , Singh Raghvendra , Agarwal Vishal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we have modelled the non‐enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP in the gas‐phase and the aqueous‐phase by performing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations combined with an enhanced sampling technique. In the gas‐phase, we studied hydrolysis of fully protonated ATP molecule, and in the aqueous‐phase, we studied hydrolysis of ATP coordinated with: a) two H+ ions (H‐ATP), b) Mg2+ (Mg‐ATP), and c) Ca2+ (Ca‐ATP). We show that gas‐phase ATP hydrolysis follows a two‐step dissociative mechanism via a highly stable metaphosphate intermediate. The Adenine group of the ATP molecule plays a crucial role of a general base; temporarily accepting protons and thus helping in the elimination‐addition process. In the aqueous‐phase hydrolysis of ATP, we find that the cage of solvent molecules increases the stability of the terminal phospho‐anhydride bond through a well‐known cage‐effect. The nature of the ions has an important effect on the mechanism of the reaction. We find a two‐step dissociative‐type mechanism for H‐ATP, a single‐step dissociative‐type mechanism for Mg‐ATP, and an SN‐2 type concerted hydrolysis pathway for Ca‐ATP.
Hydrochar, digestate, and process water impacts on a soil's microbial community, processes, and metal bioavailability
Authors: Watson Conor , Schlösser Charlotte , Vögerl Jakob , Wichern Florian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHydrothermal carbonization converts organic wastes into potentially soil‐improving solids. The nutrient‐rich process waters generated are prospective fertilizers. Two hydrochars were produced from maize (Zea mays L.) biogas digestate after 1 or 6 h of carbonization. Nutrient concentrations of the digestate, hydrochars, and process waters were determined. A 28‐d incubation, in which digestate, hydrochars, or process waters were added to a sandy loam soil, assessed their effects on microbial biomass, community composition, respiration, and nitrification. The hydrochars became enriched in Fe and Zn but featured lower macronutrient concentrations than the feedstock. The application of process waters as fertilizers could be hindered by their electrical conductivity and nitrite levels. All amendments stimulated nitrification and C mineralization. The C losses of the latter add to losses during hydrochar production. Growth of microbial biomass was induced particularly by digestate, due to its high bioavailable fractions of C and nutrients. Fungal biomass thrived in hydrochar‐amended soils, possibly due to a combination of their aromaticity and elevated micronutrient concentrations. A separate 56‐d incubation tested the amendments’ impact on metal bioavailability in an artificially contaminated substrate. In reducing concentrations of Cd, Zn and Cu, hydrochars were less effective than digestate, whose application likely led to increased complexation and sorption. However, application to the contaminated substrate of hydrochar permitted superior microbial biomass growth; its higher surface area and porosity may have provided an improved microbial habitat. Hydrochar application to soils may benefit the microbial biomass, but hydrothermal carbonization is not advantageous where the goal is C sequestration or increasing feedstock nutrient availability.
A Nanoplasmonic Assay of Oligonucleotide‐Cargo Delivery from Cationic Lipoplexes
Authors: Kho Kiang W. , Berselli Guilherme B. , Keyes Tia E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA powerful new biophysical model is reported to assay nanocarrier lipid membrane permeability. The approach employs a nanophotonic biophysical membrane model as an assay to study oligonucleotide escape from delivery vector following fusion with endosomal membrane that relies on plasmonic hotspots within the receptor well, below the membrane to follow cargo arrival. Through the combined use of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS), the model enables identification of a lipoplex‐mediated endosomal‐escape mechanism facilitated by DOTAP‐oligonucleotide interaction that dictates the rate of oligonucleotide release. This work reveals a hitherto unreported release mechanism as a complex multistep interplay between the oligonucleotide cargo and the target membrane, rather than a process based solely on lipid mixing at the fusing site as previously proposed. This substantiates the observations that lipid mixing is not necessarily followed by cargo release. The approach presents a new paradigm for assessment of vector delivery at model membranes that promises to have wide application within the drug delivery design application space. Overall, this plasmonic membrane model offers a potential solution to address persistent challenges in engineering the release mechanism of large therapeutic molecules from their nanocarrier, which is a major bottleneck in intracellular delivery.