bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficit drip irrigation based on crop evapotranspiration and precipitation forecast improves water‐ use efficiency and grain yield of summer maize
Authors: Lu Junsheng , Ma Lihui , Hu Tiantian , Geng Chenming , Yan Shicheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDLimited and erratic precipitation with inefficient irrigation scheduling often leads to an unstable crop yield and low water‐use efficiency (WUE) in semi‐arid and semi‐humid regions. A 2‐year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three irrigation strategies (conventional irrigation (CK), full‐drip irrigation (FI), based on crop evapotranspiration and precipitation forecast, and deficit drip irrigation (DI) (75% FI)) on photosynthetic characteristics, leaf‐to‐air temperature difference (∆T), grain yield, and the WUE of summer maize.RESULTSThe results showed that the daily average net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of DI and FI increased by 25.4% and 25.8% at jointing stage in 2018, and 26.3% and 26.5% at grain‐filling stage in 2019 compared with CK, respectively. At jointing stage in 2018 and grain‐filling stage in 2019, the transpiration rate (Tr) of DI was significantly lower than that of FI (P < 0.05) but there was insignificant difference in Pn value (P > 0.05). The ∆T between 12:00–14:00 of DI and FI was significantly lower than that of CK at jointing stage in 2018 and grain‐filling stage in 2019 (P < 0.05). The 2‐year average grain yields of DI and FI were 11.4 and 11.5 t ha−1, which increased by 32.4% and 32.8% compared with CK, respectively. The WUE of DI was 2.82 kg m−3, which was 17.9% and 33.8% higher than that of FI and CK, respectively.CONCLUSIONDeficit drip irrigation based on crop evapotranspiration and precipitation forecast improves crop WUE and maintains high grain yields in semi‐arid and semi‐humid regions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Aggregate stability and organic carbon stock under different land uses integrally regulated by binding agents and chemical properties in saline‐sodic soils
Authors: Feng Haojie , Wang Shunyi , Gao Zideng , Pan Hong , Zhuge Yuping , Ren Xueqin , Hu Shuwen , Li Chengliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAggregate stability and soil organic carbon (SOC) are critical for maintaining soil structure and preserving soil productivity. Land use substantially affects the process of soil aggregate stabilization and SOC sequestration, yet the detailed mechanisms have not been well studied in degraded soil ecosystems (e.g., saline‐sodic soils). Therefore, to interpret the effects of land‐use changes on soil aggregate stability and SOC stocks in saline‐sodic soils, soils were sampled from four major land‐use areas (degraded meadow, artificial forest, sorghum field, and paddy field) in Northeast China. The results showed that artificial forest soils exhibited the greatest proportion of water‐stable aggregate (>250 μm) in 0–10 and 10–20 cm layers than sorghum and paddy field, which was mainly due to the absence of tillage disturbance. The highest SOC stock (59.79 Mg ha−1) was observed in paddy soils, indicating its greater SOC sequestration potential than those of other land uses. The variance partition analysis (VPA) revealed that soil parameters resulted in 85.1% variation regarding soil aggregate stability, in which the chemical characteristics (i.e., pH, EC, exchangeable Na+, and exchangeable sodium percentage) contributed 23.1%, binding agents (SOC, exchangeable Ca2+, and poorly crystalline Fe/Al oxides) contributed 20.6%, and their interactions contributed 39.5%. Binding agents directly participated in soil aggregation processes by forming clay‐polyvalent metal complexes, while the chemical characteristics indirectly promoted soil aggregation via increasing various binding agents. Understanding the interactions between binding agents and clay are important for promoting soil aggregate stabilization in saline‐sodic soil.
Modelling spatial relationships between land cover change and its drivers in the Afro‐alpine belt of Mount Guna (Ethiopia)
Authors: Birhanu Adugnaw , Adgo Enyew , Frankl Amaury , Walraevens Kristine , Nyssen Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examines the spatial relationship between land cover change and its drivers at varying scale in Mt. Guna. The recent land cover map was generated from Google Earth Image (2018), and the historical land cover map generated from the 1957 and 1980 aerial photos. Multi‐scale geographically weighted regression (GWR) and ordinary least square (OLS) were used to model the spatial relationship between land cover change and its drivers at varying scale. The change analysis revealed that Mt. Guna showed a dynamic land cover change between 1957 and 2018 dominated by conversions into cropland. Overall, 69% of the land cover change shows gains and losses, while 31% of the land cover of Mt. Guna showed persistence over 61 years. Furthermore, 77% of land cover was swapped and changed from its initial state. The result of modelling the spatial relationship between land cover change and its drivers showed that population density, slope gradient and clustered homestead density increases the likelihood of land cover change, while higher elevation, water source density and precipitation reduces the likelihood of land cover change. However, the spatial scale comparison indicated that the influence is stronger in large spatial scales than in small scales.
A Hybrid Injectable and Self‐Healable Hydrogel System as 3D Cell Culture Scaffold
Authors: Cai Yi , Johnson Melissa , A Sigen , Xu Qian , Tai Hongyun , Wang Wenxin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCell therapies have great potential for the treatment of many different diseases, while the direct application of cells to the targeted location leads to limited therapeutic outcomes due to the low cell engraftment and cell survival rate. Injectable hydrogels have been developed to facilitate cell delivery; however, those currently developed hydrogel systems still face the limited cell survival rate. Here, an injectable and self‐healable hydrogel is reported through the combination of hyperbranched PEG‐based multi‐hydrazide macro‐crosslinker (HB‐PEG‐HDZ) and aldehyde‐functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA‐CHO), with gelatin added to increase the crosslinking density and cell activity. The hydrogels can be formed only in 7 s due to the relatively high content of the functional end groups. The reversible crosslinking mechanism between the hydrazide and aldehyde groups endows the hydrogel with shear‐thinning and self‐healing properties. The hydrogels with gelatin exhibit relatively better mechanical properties and cell activity. The hydrogels can improve the survival, attachment, and engraftment of injected cells due to the rapid sol–gel transition, which can promote an enhanced regenerative response.
Reprocessable Supramolecular Elastomers of Poly(Siloxane–Urethane) via Self‐Complementary Quadruple Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Ma Xiyang , Zhou Debo , Liu Lei , Wang Linlin , Yu Huidong , Li Lei , Feng Shengyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSupramolecular silicone materials are promising candidates toward sustainable and recyclable applications. Herein, quadruple hydrogen bond motifs are introduced into the main chain of polysiloxane for the first time, providing a new type of supramolecular silicone elastomers. This structural design enables the well‐defined spacing length between ureidopyrimidinone (UPY) units, exercising better control over polymer network structure. The obtained materials exhibit elastomeric properties and robust reprocessability, and can be further developed into europium (Eu)‐coordinated elastomers with interesting water‐responsive luminescence. It is highly anticipated that this work will broaden the scope and application of silicone‐based sustainable materials.
The psychology of frustration: Appraisals, outcomes, and service recovery
Authors: González‐Gómez Helena V. , Hudson Sarah , Rychalski Aude 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study fills a gap in the consumer emotions literature regarding customer frustration in a customer service setting. Most research on customer emotions has examined anger, happiness or affect in general, largely ignoring the particularities of frustration. Consistent with appraisal theory, we use five experiments to explore the different appraisal dimensions that define frustration and its relation to customer loyalty and satisfaction. Contrary to common belief, we show that frustration is not simply the result of goal‐blocking, but rather of a more complex combination of appraisals which differentiate it from anger and lead to distinct effects on satisfaction and loyalty. We also examine how the effects of frustration on loyalty and satisfaction are mitigated by service recovery in a further experiment and an event reconstructive method. Our results test appraisal theory, inform theory on customer emotions and have important implications for our understanding of customer satisfaction and loyalty following frustrating customer service encounters.
Recent Progress in Polymer Cubosomes and Hexosomes
Authors: Chen Hui , Li Min‐Hui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolymer cubosomes and hexosomes are polymer colloids with inverted lyotropic liquid crystal phases as internal structures. They are composed of regular networks of water‐filled channels surrounded by a bilayer membrane made from amphiphilic block copolymers. Due to the uniform, tunable, and highly ordered porous structure, polymer cubosomes and hexosomes present numerous advantages over polymer micelles and vesicles, such as the high loading volumes for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, large specific surface areas, and good mechanical and chemical stabilities. The polymer chemistry also enables unlimited molecular design to endow these polymer colloids with a lot of adjustable physical and chemical properties. Therefore, polymer cubosomes and hexosomes have attracted increasing attention for their potential applications in materials science and nanotechnology. This review outlines the recent progress in this field with an emphasis on the polymer architectures, the self‐assembly conditions and mechanisms, and some application examples which are special for these inverted polymer colloids. It is hoped to provide some practical guidance for researchers interested in polymer cubosomes and hexosomes.
Study on the Thermal Stability of Urea‐Formaldehyde Resin Microcapsules with Nanosilica Incorporation by Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experiments
Authors: Zhang Yanfang , Wang Youyuan , Li Yudong , Huang Zhengyong , Yaseen Adnan , Tan Yaxiong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is an innovation to self‐heal the microdefects inside materials by doping microcapsules. Urea‐formaldehyde resin (UF) microcapsule is widely used in self‐healing materials owing to its excellent mechanical properties. However, when it is used in electrical insulation materials, the thermal stability of the microcapsules need to be enhanced owing to the relatively high internal temperature of the material under the long‐term action of electric field. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation is used to calculate the properties related to the thermal stability of UF microcapsule with and without nanosilica incorporation. The simulation result shows that incorporating nanosilica can increase the density and glass transition temperature, decrease the fractional free volume of UF materials. The UF microcapsules with and without nanosilica incorporation are prepared experimentally, and thermogravimetric test result shows that incorporating nanosilica can enhance the thermal stability of UF microcapsule; scanning electron microscope result shows nanocomposite microcapsule has more UF debris adhered on its surface. By establishing the interface model of UF and nanosilica to explore the internal mechanism, it is found that the interface interaction between UF and nanosilica is conducive to enhancing the thermal stability of UF material.
Genistein Inhibits Colonic Goblet Cell Loss and Colorectal Inflammation Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium Infection
Authors: He Yang , Ayansola Hammed , Hou Qihang , Liao Chaoyong , Lei Jiaqi , Lai Yujiao , Jiang Qiuyu , Masatoshi Hori , Zhang Bingkun 
Published: June 2021

ScopeSalmonella is the main food‐borne pathogen, which can infect intestinal epithelial cells and causes colitis. Genistein has a variety of biological activities that alleviates colitis induced by sodium dextran sulfate in a variety of ways, but its protective effects on colitis caused by pathogenic bacteria are still unknown.Methods and ResultsThis study explores the protective effect of genistein in reducing colitis caused by Salmonella infection. Salmonella causes colon inflammation through activating cyclooxygenase‐2/prostaglandin E2, and genistein inhibits colitis caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection. Salmonella infection increases colonic mucosal damage, proliferating cells, and goblet cell loss, while the administration of genistein solves these pathological changes. In addition, it is further proved that Salmonella causes severe colitis related to goblet cell loss and activates the host crypt stem cells to repair the damaged epithelium. Salmonella infection inhibites the host mammalian target of rapamycin, activates light chain 3 II pathways to induce autophagy to eliminate pathogenic bacteria. Genistein increases Lactobacillus in feces and reduces Salmonella colonization to inhibit colitis induces by Salmonella infection.ConclusionThis study demonstrates genistein alleviated colitis and inhibites the goblet cell loss causes by Salmonella infection through regulating the gut bacteria and intestinal stem cell development.
A Single Particle Model to Predict the Impact of Induced Condensing Agents on Polymerizing Particles During the Gas Phase Polymerization of Ethylene
Authors: Ben Mrad Amel , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA single particle model for homopolymerization of ethylene in the presence of hydrogen is used to predict the impact of induced condensing agents on the evolution of concentration profiles in the growing particle, the rate of homopolymerization, and the evolution of the molecular weight distribution. The model formulation is based on the random‐pore polymer flow model associated with a kinetic model using the method of moments to describe the chain length. The Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state is applied to calculate the equilibrium concentration of each penetrant in a mixture of gases in the amorphous polymer phase. The free volume model from Vrentas and Duda is employed to calculate the diffusivity coefficients of penetrants in a semi‐crystalline polymer. The model confirms that the increased rates of production and increased molecular weights observed in previously published experimental studies are due in large part to the co‐solubility and co‐diffusivity effects.
Pelvic floor reconstructive surgery under local anesthesia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zacharakis Dimitrios , Prodromidou Anastasia , Douligeris Athanasios , Hadzilia Sofia , Kathopoulis Nikolaos , Athanasiou Stavros , Grigoriadis Themos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThe decision on the appropriate type of anesthesia for pelvic floor repair depends on a variety of factors including patients' age, performance status, comorbidities, cost‐effectiveness and personal preferences. We aim to review the literature on urogynecological procedures performed under local anesthesia (LA).MethodsA systematic search of four electronic databases was conducted for articles published up to May 2020. Studies reporting outcomes of women who underwent pelvic floor reconstructive surgery under LA with or without sedation, were considered eligible.ResultsNineteen studies (14 noncomparative and 5 comparative), including 1626 cases of urogynecological procedures under LA were recruited. Meta‐analysis revealed significantly lower mean pain scores in LA group compared to general‐regional anesthesia one (GA/RA) at both 4–6 h and 8–18 h postoperatively (160 patients; mean difference [MD], −1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.12, −0.28; p = 0.02 and 160 patients; MD, −0.72; 95% CI: −1.17, 0.27; p = 0.002, respectively). Pain scores at >24 h did not differ among the two groups (160 patients; MD, −0.28; 95% CI: −0.60–0.05; p = 0.10). Intra‐ and postoperatively morphine use was not different among patients who received LA and GA during prolapse surgery while nausea rates were significantly lower in LA group compared to RA group 8 h postoperatively.ConclusionsLA with or without sedation represents a safe and efficient alternative anesthetic technique for urogynecological procedures with improved pain scores in up to 18 h postoperatively especially in patients who underwent surgery for SUI. LA is feasible and could be offered to patients undergoing pelvic floor surgery allowing a prompt postoperative recovery.
Sequential selection for accelerated life testing via approximate Bayesian inference
Authors: Chen Ye , Zhang Qiong , Li Mingyang , Cai Wenjun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccelerated life testing (ALT) is typically used to assess the reliability of material's lifetime under desired stress levels. Recent advances in material engineering have made a variety of material settings readily available. A critical question is how to efficiently conduct ALT to optimize reliability performance over different material settings. We propose a sequential selection approach to solve this problem. The proposed approach contains (1) a model updating mechanism to incorporate new experimental data in each step, and (2) a design criterion to guide new experiments that maximizes the potential to find the optimal material setting. To guarantee a tractable statistical mechanism for information collection, we develop explicit model parameter update formulas via approximate Bayesian inference. Theories show that our explicit update formulas give consistent parameter estimates. To guarantee that the design criterion in each step can make improvement on the identification of optimal material setting, this paper adopts an expected improvement‐based design criterion for optimizing the material setting under target stress factor levels. We also give a heuristic on this design criterion to justify the statistical consistency of approximate Bayesian estimates. Simulation studies and a case study show that the proposed sequential selection approach can significantly improve the probability of identifying the material alternative with best reliability performance compared to other design approaches.
A spherical‐harmonic‐based approach to discrete element modeling of 3D irregular particles
Authors: Wang Xiang , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Xiong Hao , Su Dong , Feng Yun‐Tian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDifferent from previous discrete element methods (DEM), where irregular 3D particle shapes are approximated by subspheres, vertices, or voxels, this study aims to develop an innovative and computationally effective DEM method directly employing spherical harmonic functions for simulations of 3D irregular‐shaped particles. First, the discrete surface points of a 3D irregular‐shaped particle are represented by spherical harmonic functions with only a limited number of harmonic coefficients to restore the particle morphology. Then, the intrinsic physical quantities are computed directly using spherical harmonic functions. Next, specific algorithms for interparticle overlapping detection and contact resolution involving the spherical harmonic functions are developed. Subsequently, the interparticle contact forces, moments, and particle movements are computed. The feasibility and capability of the proposed 3D method are verified by simulating random deposition of superellipsoids, repose angle tests, and triaxial tests on particles with various shapes. The proposed method could pave a viable pathway for realistic modeling of granular media pertaining to various engineering and industrial processes.
A qualitative study about cancer outpatients’ experiences with selective taste control of bread as a self‐care intervention
Authors: Corremans Marleen , Goossens Edwig , Adriaenssens Jef , Mortelmans Dimitri , Geurden Bart 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimAlterations in taste are distressing side effects for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The Center for Gastrology (Belgium) developed a self‐care intervention based on taste control. This intervention contains an assessment of the individual taste and food hedonics. It provides recipes based on the individual assessed hedonics profile, so patients can self‐prepare personalized meals. This study aims to describe the experiences of oncologic patients with the home baking of personalized bread.DesignA qualitative, descriptive design with individual semi‐structured interviews was used.MethodsIn August 2018, eleven face‐to‐face interviews were conducted until data saturation.ResultsThe analysis of the interviews revealed five major themes: “Stepping out of your role,” “Having something positive to do,” “gaining insight,” “receiving recognition” and “practical limitations.”
Exploring dietary practices in non‐adults of the Late Bronze Age Southern Urals: A perspective from dental attributes
Authors: Karapetian Marina K. , Kufterin Vladimir V. , Chaplygin Mikhail S. , Starodubtsev Maksim V. , Bakhshiev Ilshat I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe article provides a bioarchaeological perspective on the dietary practices of the Late Bronze Age Southern Ural communities, which once inhabited the steppe and forest‐steppe zones of modern Bashkiria (Russia), via studying the pathological dental conditions and aspects of dental tooth use in skeletal remains from four kurgan cemeteries. As children and adolescents constitute the majority of the skeletal remains, the focus is on non‐adult dentition. The cemeteries were used by Srubnaya and Srubnaya‐Alakul communities that are believed to have been settled pastoralists. Despite the absence of convincing archaeological evidence, the existence of secondary‐role agriculture in these communities has not been ruled out. The studied sample includes 38 non‐adults (<18 years of age). The dental attributes studied were linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), caries, dental calculus, dental wear, and antemortem enamel chipping. In total, the sample showed no cases of caries, a very high frequency of dental calculus, and a frequency of enamel chips that increased with age. The rate of dental wear seems to be mild, though there is a need for comparative data on non‐adults. The frequency of LEH was relatively low and the defects peaked at about 2–4 years of age. Basically, the Bashkirian Late Bronze Age (LBA) non‐adult sample fits well into the larger picture of the Bronze Age pastoralists from the Volga‐Ural and Trans‐Ural steppes. Given the archaeological evidence and the prevalence of the studied dental characteristics, the data are consistent with a society primarily reliant on meat and milk products.