bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maize Endochitinase Expression in Response to Fall Armyworm Herbivory
Authors: Han Yang , TAYLOR ERIN B , LUTHE DAWN 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A large percentage of crop loss is due to insect damage yearly, especially caterpillar damage. Plant chitinases are considered excellent candidates to combat these insects since they can catalyze chitin degradation in peritrophic matrix (PM), an important protective structure in caterpillar midgut. Compared to chemical insecticides, chitinases could improve host plant resistance and be both economically and environmentally advantageous. The focus of this research was to find chitinase candidates that could improve plant resistance by effectively limiting caterpillar damage. Five classes of endochitinase (I-V) genes were characterized in the maize genome, and we further isolated and cloned four chitinase genes (chitinase A, chitinase B, chitinase I, and PRm3) present in two maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines Mp708 and Tx601, with different levels of resistance to caterpillar pests. Further, we investigated the role of these maize chitinases in response to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, FAW) attacks. Results from gene expression and enzyme assays from maize leaves indicated that both chitinase transcript abundance and enzymatic activity increased in response to FAW feeding and mechanical wounding. Furthermore, chitinase retained activity inside the caterpillar’s midgut since specific activity was detected in both the food bolus and frass. When examined under scanning electron microscopy, PMs from Tx601-fed caterpillars showed structural damage when compared to diet controls. Analysis of chitinase transcript abundance after caterpillar feeding and proteomic analysis of maize leaf trichomes in the two inbreds suggested that the chitinase PRm3 in Tx601 has potential insecticidal properties.
Key genes in the phenylpropanoids biosynthesis pathway have different expression patterns under various abiotic stresses in the Iranian red and green cultivars of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: Shahivand Mojgan , Drikvand Reza Mir , Gomarian Masoud , Samiei Kamran 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are a large and important family of plant secondary metabolites. The biosynthetic pathway of phenylpropanoids is induced in plants under environmental stresses to cope with these harmful conditions. In the present study, for the first time, we identified and characterized one reference gene (ACTIN) and three key biosynthetic genes (4CL, C4H and CVOMT) in the Iranian red and green cultivars of sweet basil. Also, the expression patterns of 4CL, C4H and CVOMT biosynthetic genes were determined for the first time in the Iranian red and green cultivars of sweet basil under cold, drought, heat, light and salt stresses. The results showed that the ACTIN, 4CL, C4H and CVOMT genes identified in the Iranian cultivars are identical to other cultivars in terms of all characteristics such as ORF length, protein sequence length, molecular weight, functional domains, lack of signal peptide, subcellular localization site, and secondary structures. Our results also revealed that the 4CL, C4H and CVOMT biosynthetic genes have different expression in the Iranian red and green cultivars of sweet basil under abiotic stresses and their expression patterns are cultivar-dependent. The findings of this study can advance our knowledge of phenylpropanoids biosynthesis in plants under environmental stresses. These findings also can be used in plant breeding programs for stress tolerance in sweet basil and other plants.
Over-correction of Curvature in Surgical Segments Cause the Non-surgical Curvature Loss in One- and Two-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Yingjun Guo , Liu Hao , Yi Yang , Yang Meng , Chen Ding , Ying Hong , Beiyu Wang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In some patients with anterior cervical disecetomy anf fusion (ACDF), the correction degree of cervical curvature after surgery is less than that of the surgical segment curvature, which we defined as non-surgical curvature loss (NSCL). This study aims to elucidate the notification of NSCL and its possible causes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 122 patients with one- or two-level ACDF from October 2012 to June 2017. The pre-operative and post-operative Cobb angle of C2-7, surgical segments and non-surgical segments were measured and analyzed by lateral cervical X-ray. Results: All patients were followed up for 22.87±3.15 months. Both one- and two-level ACDF could improve the cervical curvature. In the evaluation of NSCL, it was found that the incidence was 37.50% (27/72) in one-level ACDF and 48.00% (24/50) in two-level ACDF. Furthermore, the NSCL does not spontaneously recover after surgery. By comparing patients with and without NSCL, it was found that patients with NSCL had a significantly higher correction degree in the surgical segments, while the degree of NSCL was significantly and positively correlated with the correction degree of the surgical segments. For patients with a slight correction degree of surgical segment, the cervical curvature was well-improved and maintained post-operatively. Conclusion: In summary, the correction of the surgical segment curvature in ACDF should not be overemphasized, because excessive correction may cause NSCL. Even if the surgical segment curvature is only slightly corrected, a good improvement in cervical curvature can still be attained.
WITHDRAWN: Multiple Pulmonary Metastases of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone with expression of VEGFR-2 Successfully Treated by Denosumab and Apatinib: A Rare Case Report
Authors: gong taojun , Luo Yi , Wang Yitian , Zheng Chuanxi , Fang Jianguo , Min Li , Zhou Yong , Tu Chongqi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare benign but locally aggressive bone tumor. It has a high tendency for local recurrence, which may increase the occurrence of lung metastasis. Currently, the treatment of pulmonary metastases of GCTB is controversial. Denosumab is the preferred regimen for unresectable metastatic lesions, but there are no alternative treatment options when denosumab is resistant. So far, no case reports of metastatic GCTB treated with denosumab and apatinib have been published. Case presentation: This is a case report of a 26-year-old female who experienced right knee pain for over 6 months. Radiography and computed tomography revealed osteolytic bony destruction in the proximal right tibia. Using histological, radiological, and clinical techniques, a diagnosis of GCTB was achieved. Meanwhile, the immunohistochemical stain-identified the tumor cells were positive for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). After intralesional curettage of the primary tumor and wide resection of local recurrence surgeries, she developed recurrent hemoptysis. Chest computed tomography (CT) images showed multiple pulmonary nodules. She was administrated denosumab therapy but disease progression was confirmed after four months of treatment. She then received denosumab and apatinib therapy for 24 months, after a partial response was achieved.Conclusions: We depict a case of multiple pulmonary metastases of GCTB successfully controlled by denosumab and apatinib therapy. VEGFR-2 may be an effective therapeutic target for GCTB with pulmonary metastasis when denosumab is ineffective.
The strategy to calculate impedance using RMHHT estimator for continuous and discontinuous broadband magnetotelluric time series data
Authors: Chen Hao , Mizunaga Hideki , Tanaka Toshiaki Toshiaki , Wang Gang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
MT method is widely used in exploration surveys worldwide but hardly applicable in urban areas because of the large amount of artificial electromagnetic noise. The MT time-series data at night is much quieter than in the daytime because most of the electric equipments are shut down for several hours during nighttime. Therefore, we focused on calculating the MT impedance using the quiet time-series data. In this research, the data observed by the Phoenix System was used. The data contain continuous and discontinuous time-series data. As an alternative way, we introduced a robust impedance estimator based on the Hilbert-Huang transform (RMHHT). We indicated that this technique needs 4-hour data to get a reliable impedance up to 1,000-second in the numerical simulation. This short measurement time makes it possible to carry out MT surveys in urban areas with strong noises. This paper demonstrated a strategy to process the broadband MT time-series data properly by the RMHHT estimator. Finally, a successful case study, using the nighttime data to get reliable impedance tensor in the areas contaminated by heavy noises, was demonstrated.
“Evaluation of a COVID-19 IgM and IgG Rapid Test and Assessment of Specific Antibody Response in COVID-19 patients, Tunisia 2020”
Authors: hejer letaief , Dhaouadi Sonia , Hechaichi Aicha , Safer Mouna , Harizi Chahida , Telmoudi Khouloud , Bougatef Souha , Bouabid Leila , Derouiche Sondes , Salah Hamida Ben , Mili Nawel El , Moussa Rym , Letaief Fethi , Abdelkader Latifa , Bouhali Ridha , Messaoud Amor Ben , Boutiba Ilhem , Abid Salma , Loussaief Chawki , Belgh Asma Sriha , Bahri Olfa , Chahed Mohamed , Alaya Nissaf Ben 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic is a massive global health emergency. Although RT-PCR is the gold standard for diagnosing suspected cases, there is a need of serological tests to investigate antibody responses. Many serologic immunoassays have been developed to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV2, including rapid tests. This study assessed the clinical performance of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody test (colloidal gold immunochromatography, LEPU TECHNOLOGY) and evaluated the kinetic antibody response in COVID-19 patients.Methods: Samples collected by finger stick; obtained from RT-PCR confirmed cases and samples of negative controls were tested with the IgM/IgG Detection Kit . Results: The kit shows a clinical sensitivity of 65.7 % [59.7%-71.3%] and a specificity of 96.3% [93.0%-98.3%]. The predictive positive value and negative predictive value were respectively 95.2% [91.0%-97.8%] and 71.4% [66.1%-76.2%]. The seroconversion of specific IgM and IgG antibodies were observed as early as the 2nd day after symptom onset.Conclusions: This test is quite useful for assessing previous virus exposure, although negative results may be unreliable during the first weeks after infection. Longitudinal studies on antibody responses during and post infection are needed.
Modeling and nonlinear energy-based anti-swing control of underactuated dual ship-mounted cranes systems
Authors: Hu Die , Qian Yuzhe , Fang Yongchun , Chen Yuzhu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As the volume and the mass of the payload increases, it is often necessary to use two ship-mounted cranes to jointly transport huge payloads under marine environment. Compared with a single ship-mounted crane, dual ship-mounted cranes contain more state variables, geometric constraints and coupling dynamics, which bring more challenges in kinematic analysis and controller design for such complicated underactuated systems. In order to solve these problems, the dynamic model of the dual ship-mounted cranes systems are established based on Lagrange's method. Considering different practical requirements, two energy-based nonlinear controllers for dual ship-mounted cranes are developed, including a full state feedback control method and an output feedback control method. More preciously, during the control design process, the saturation constraints of the controllers have been fully considered. Meanwhile, the proposed controllers can achieve accurate positioning of the double-constrained derricks as well as effective elimination of payload swing. The stability of the equilibrium point of the closed-loop system is analyzed by using Lyapunov techniques and Lasalle's invariance principle. As far as we know, the modeling and the output feedback controller design of dual ship-mounted cranes are proposed for the first time in this paper. At the same time, the design and analysis process does not need to linearize the complex nonlinear dynamics equations, while the proposed output feedback control method is robust against the situations when the velocity signals are unknown/unavailable. Finally, a series of experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear controllers.
Why Women Choose to Delivery at Home in India: A Study of Prevalence, Factors, and Socio-Economic Inequality
Authors: Patel Ratna , Marbaniang Strong P , Srivast Shobhit , Kumar Pradeep , Chauhan Shekhar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Most of childbirth complications usually arise during the time of delivery and are difficult to predict, but can be effectively managed through delivery at the health facility equipped with skilled birth attendants placed in an enabling environment. Despite many efforts put by the Government to reduce maternal and neonatal deaths through institutional birth deliveries, statistics suggest that these deaths are still very high in India. This study sought to determine the prevalence of home births and identifying the factors influencing women choice.Methods: Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted during 2005-06 and 2015-16 was used in the study. The respondents were women 15-49 years, a sample of 36,850 and 1, 90,898 women from two time period were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors influencing home delivery. Results: Women’s who give birth at home has reduced by 39.6% from 58.5%. As compared to women below 18 years, those who were above 25 years were less likely to give birth at home [OR: 0.57; CI: 0.49-0.68] and [OR: 0.76; CI:0.70-0.82]. Women with full ANC visit were less likely to give birth at home as compare to women with no ANC visit [OR: 0.34; CI: 0.28-0.41] and [OR: 0.41; CI: 0.38-0.45]. In central India the odds of delivering babies at home was high in 2005-06 [OR: 1.15; CI: 1.01-1.32] whereas in 2015-16 the situation was opposite [OR: 0.92; CI: 0.87 -0.98] in reference to women from north India. Conclusion: There is a need to promote institutional deliveries, special focus to be given to poor women, women with higher parity, uneducated women, and rural women. Much work needs to be done in the rural parts of the country as rural women were more likely to opt for home delivery than their counterparts.
The relationship between disability and parental status: A register study of the 1968 to 1970 birth cohorts
Authors: Namatovu Fredinah , Lundevaller Erling Häggström , Vikström Lotta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Having children is a major life course event yet some disabilities could make it biologically challenging and some others could limit access to necessary socioeconomic resources. To date, there is relatively little data on disability and parental status and our study aims to investigate this relationship. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was based on register data obtained from all people born in Sweden from 1968 to 1970 (n=440,202). We performed descriptive analyses, graphical plots, logistic regression and Cox regression analyses. Results: Our findings from both logistic regression and Cox regression indicated that individuals that started to receive disability benefits at an early age had reduced chances of having children during the follow-up duration. Men with disabilities were less likely to have children when compared to women with disabilities and to men and women without disabilities. Conclusions: We found evidence that disability during early adulthood was associated with reduced chances of having children. Findings support policies and programmes aimed at promoting optimal health during early adulthood, as this would promote continued labour force participation, reduce early use of disability benefits and possibly improve chances of becoming a parent.
Riemannian optimization of isometric tensor networks
Authors: Hauru Markus , Van Damme Maarten , Haegeman Jutho 
Published: February 2021

Several tensor networks are built of isometric tensors, i.e. tensors
satisfying W\dagger W = \mathbb{1}W†W=1.
Prominent examples include matrix product states (MPS) in canonical
form, the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA), and
quantum circuits in general, such as those needed in state preparation
and quantum variational eigensolvers. We show how gradient-based
optimization methods on Riemannian manifolds can be used to optimize
tensor networks of isometries to represent e.g. ground states of 1D
quantum Hamiltonians. We discuss the geometry of Grassmann and Stiefel
manifolds, the Riemannian manifolds of isometric tensors, and review how
state-of-the-art optimization methods like nonlinear conjugate gradient
and quasi-Newton algorithms can be implemented in this context. We apply
these methods in the context of infinite MPS and MERA, and show
benchmark results in which they outperform the best previously-known
optimization methods, which are tailor-made for those specific
variational classes. We also provide open-source implementations of our
algorithms.
Chemical Behavior of Cysteine in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Darroudi Mahdieh , Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Cysteine is a versatile amino acid for selective chemical modification of proteins with
both chemical and biological innovations, which plays a key role in different organic reactions.

Materials and Methods:
Chemical modification of proteins is a rapidly expanding area in chemical biology. Selective
installation of biochemical probes has led to a better understanding of natural protein modification and
macromolecular function. In other cases, such as chemical alterations, the protein function has entirely changed.
This review paper considers the organic reaction of cysteine, the reactivity of this α-amino acid containing sulfur,
and several methodologies are also discussed. Herein, we focused on the reaction of cysteine and its application
in organic synthesis, which includes addition, condensation, substitution, oxidation, and ring-opening reactions.

Results and Discussion:
Hence monitoring of cysteine is pivotal through the preparation of some fluorescent
probes to detect cysteine in high sensitivity. Also, a bibliometric analysis was carried out using Web of Science
and Scopus databases that demonstrated significant contributions being observed in organic synthesis. Analysis
of keywords revealed that research hotspots were cysteine, sensor, unclassified drug, and amino acid.

Conclusion:
Therefore, it seems that future research focuses on using cysteine amino acids in various fields as
natural products and organic reactions. This focused review highlights the enduring utility of cysteine in protein
modification and sensor preparation, with a special focus on recent innovations in chemistry and biology associated
with such modifications.
Conformable Fractional SEIR Epidemic Model With Treatment
Authors: Malik Arti , Kumar Nitendra , Alam Khursheed 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The present paper is based on models of conformable fractional differential
equations to describe the dynamics of certain epidemics.

Methods:
In this paper, we have divided the population into groups, namely susceptible, exposed,
infectious, and recovered, and also described the treatment modalities.

Results:
The analytical study of the model shows two equilibrium points (disease-free equilibrium
and endemic equilibrium).

Conclusion:
For both cases, local asymptotic stability has been proven. In conclusion, we have presented
the numerical simulation.
Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Ethanol Extract of Leaves of Lactuca sativa
Authors: Maheswari B. , Devi P Rajyalakshmi , Ajith K. , VedPrakash P , SeshaSai Gayatri K. 
Published: February 2021

In this modern era, gastrointestinal disorders are the universal problem. Peptic ulcer is one of the major diseases affecting the human population. It develops due to the imbalance between aggressive factors like acid, pepsin, H. pylori and bile salts and defensive factors like mucous, bicarbonate, blood flow, epithelial cell restoration and prostaglandins. The anti-ulcer activity of Ethanol extract of leaves of Lactuca sativa (EELS) was estimated using the experimental models of acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol, pylorus ligation and cold restraint stress in Wistar albino rats. Animals pre-treated with doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg of EELS were statistically analyzed and compared to the standard and control group with the parameters like volume of gastric secretion, total acidity and ulcer index. The results suggested that EELS significantly decreased volume of gastric acid secretion, total acidity and ulcer index in comparison with standard drug Omeprazole. EELS shown significant reduction in lesion index, total affected area and percentage of lesion in comparison with control group in Ethanol induced ulcer in experimental models. The gastric mucosal protective effect of EELS is brought by inhibiting the gastric secretion, which shows it may act like a proton pump inhibitor. Thus the present study indicates that EELS has anti-ulcerogenic potency in Ethanol induced, pylorus ligation and cold restraint stress induced ulcers in rats.
Keywords: Antiulcer, ulcer index, cold stress, peptic ulcer, pylorus ligation
Antioxidant Evaluation and Polyphenol Contents of Hydro Ethanolic Extract’s Fractions from Ephedra nebrodensis
Authors: Hamoudi Meriem , Amroun Djouher , Khennouf Seddik , Dahamna Saliha 
Published: February 2021

Ephedra nebrodensis, is a medicinal plant, traditionally in Algeria used for the cure of various ailments such as hepatic disorders. On this basis in present study the phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of various fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water) of ethanol extract obtained by maceration from aerial parts of E. nebrodensis were investigated. Different fractions were accessed for their yield percentage, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannins content (TTC) and antioxidant potential (DPPH - 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ABTS - 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), reducing power assay (FRAP - ferric reducing antioxidant power activity),and bleaching of β-carotene test . Results showed that ethyl acetate fraction (EF) represents the highest amount of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins with 269.669 ± 0.031 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg of DE, 44.507 ± 0.003 µg quercetin equivalents/mg of DE and 228.487 ± 1.362 µg tannic acid equivalents/mg of DE, respectively. In antioxidant assays, ethyl acetate fractions (EF) showed the strongest DPPH and ABTS antioxidant (IC50: 0.009 and 0.004 µg/mL) and FRAP potential (EC50: 0.005 ± 0.000 µg/mL), which significantly correlate to its high content of polyphenolics, flavonoids and tannins. Further, fractions were rich in phenolic compounds. The present results support the possible use of the ethyl acetate fraction from E. nebrodensis in pharmaceutical industries as a natural antioxidant.
Keywords: Ephedra nebrodensis, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant capacity.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA ALFABETIZAÇÃO NAS COGNIÇÕES DE RECONHECIMENTO DE FACES E DOS SINAIS DA FALA: UM ESTUDO PSICOLINGUÍSTICO
Authors: Isadora Rodrigues de Andrade  , Aniela Improta França  
Published: February 2021

Testes de imagem cerebral mostram que depois da alfabetização, durante o reconhecimento de grafemas surge uma ativação na região ventro-occipito-temporal esquerda: a VWFA. Acredita-se que a VWFA impacte o mosáico de regiões vizinhas envolvidas no reconhecimento de objetos, lugares, parte do corpo e faces. Ela também influencia a região que abriga o reconhecimento dos sinais da fala. Esse estudo testa crianças nas fases pré e pós alfabetização, procurando correlatos comportamentais para esses achados neurofisilógicos. Encontramos impacto positivo da alfabetização no processamento da fala, mas, perda de acuidade provisória no reconhecimento de faces dos participantes recém-alfabetizados.