bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners among perinatally HIV–infected youth in Thailand
Authors: Boon-yasidhi Vitharon , Torsakul Sumonmal , Durier Yuitiang , Sittanomai Napat , Kuntasorn Jeeranan , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya 
Published: February 2021

Data regarding disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners among perinatally acquired HIV-infected (PHIV) youth are limited, particularly from Asian countries. This cross-sectional study assessed the patterns of, attitudes about, and factors associated with HIV disclosure to sexual partners among PHIV youth aged 15–24 years who attended a pediatric HIV clinic in Thailand. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire designed to elicit demographic and sexual behavior information. Those who had sexual partners were queried about their relationship and HIV status disclosure. Reasons to disclose or not to disclose were assessed accordingly. Among the 51 (44.4%) youth who had sexual partners, 55.8% had steady partners, 45.1% did not always use condoms, and 41.2% disclosed their HIV status. Reasons to disclose included trust and concern about the risk of infection to their partners. Reasons not to disclose included fear of rejection and stigmatization, and not knowing how to disclose. Most youth reported a need for disclosure-related guidance. Knowing their sexual partner’s HIV status was the only independent factor associated with disclosure (aOR 14.6; 95% CI 2.8–75.4). This study demonstrates a high rate of unsafe sex and a low rate of partner disclosure in PHIV youth, and highlights the need for a comprehensive guideline for HIV disclosure to sexual partners.
Comparison of Traditional Videos With Telenovelas for Hospice Family Caregivers Education
Authors: Cruz-Oliver Dulce M. , Abshire Martha , Budhathoki Chakra , Hladek Melissa deCardi , Volandes Angelo , Jorgensen Lucas , Oliver Debra Parker 
Published: February 2021

Background: While research has shown that hospice family caregivers (HFCG) seek additional information related to patient care, pain and symptom management, and self-care, it is unknown how the use of telenovela videos for education in hospice would be received by HFCG. Objective: To explore HFCG perceived benefits and challenges with the use of telenovelas as compared to traditional educational videos during online support group. Methods: A mixed methods study with a concurrent triangulated design that analyzed qualitative interviews and YouTube analytics report to identify how viewers responded (number of views and their feedback) to telenovela videos as compared to traditional educational videos. Results: Among 39 (n = 39) HFCGs, most participants were female (80%) of White/Caucasian race, with more than high school education (85%) and they were adult children of hospice cancer patient (49%). Comparing HFCG that viewed traditional videos with HFCG that viewed telenovela videos, the telenovela video was watched more (12% longer viewing duration) and caregivers reported better content recall with informative benefits, more follow up actions and reflection about their own hospice experience. Conclusion: Caregiver feedback indicated that watching the telenovela was engaging, acceptable and produced more conversations about patient care, than watching a non-telenovela format video. Further research is needed to test telenovela efficacy in enhancing HFCG outcomes.
Continuum damage model for low-cycle fatigue of metals: An overview
Authors: Abdul-Latif Akrum 
Published: February 2021

This work aims to give a comprehensive and accurate view of those micromechanical models that have been developed over the past two decades by our research team. We hereby refer to the distinct capabilities and theoretical difficulties of such models published in various journals by discussing them in a more integrated manner. We also believe that our community can find a significant benefit from this work through below mentioned discussions, which answer many of the questions asked by researchers and those interested in this field. Returning to this work topic, the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) life is highly affected by microstructural instabilities, inhomogeneity and shear bands formation. The first type of damage is related to the nuclei of fatigue microcracks, for several FCC and BCC metals generally governed by continuous irreversible slips within the intensive slip bands. The second type of damage concerns ductile damage caused by cavitation induced by plastic strain and hydrostatic stress. Thereby, fatigue-failure is a relevant topic that requires further explanations to better understand the plausible damaging mechanisms of microcracks and/or microvoids at lower levels of observation. To model the microcracks initiation, some attempts were conducted via micromechanical models assuming, for example, that the microcracks initiate at the crystallographic slip system level describing the LCF response of metals under simple and complex loading paths. In this overview, the latest development of mixed approach with double character called Micromechanical Determinist-Probabilistic Model (MDPM) coupled with damage will be presented with its generalized structure.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes After Total Ankle Arthroplasty Between End-Stage Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cho Byung-Ki , An Min-Yong , Ahn Byung-Hyun 
Published: February 2021

Background: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is known to be a reliable operative option for end-stage rheumatoid arthritis. However, higher risk of postoperative complications related to chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive treatment is still a concern. With the use of a newer prosthesis and modification of anti-rheumatic medications, we compared clinical outcomes after TAA between patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Forty-five patients with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA group) and 19 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA group) were followed for more than 3 years after 3 component mobile-bearing TAA (ZenithTM). Perioperative anti-rheumatic medications were modified using an established guideline used in total hip and knee arthroplasty. Clinical evaluations consisted of American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Results: In the preoperative and postoperative evaluation at final follow-up, there were no significant differences in AOFAS, FAOS, and FAAM scores between 2 groups. Despite statistical similarity in total scores, the OA group showed significantly better scores in FAOS sports and leisure (mean, 57.4 ± 10.1) and FAAM sports activity (mean, 62.5 ± 13.6) subscales than those in the RA group (mean, 52.2 ± 9.8, P = .004; and 56.4 ± 13.2, P < .001, respectively). There were no significant differences in perioperative complication and revision rates between 2 groups. Conclusion: Patients with end-stage ankle RA had clinical outcomes comparable to the patients with OA, except for the ability related to sports activities. In addition, there were no significant differences in early postoperative complication rates, including wound problem and infection. Level of Evidence: Level III, prognostic, prospective comparative study.
How Do Drivers Hold Their Phone? Age, Prevalence, & Handedness
Authors: Roady Trey , Wilson Kyle , Kuo Jonny , Lenné Michael G. 
Published: February 2021

Objective Research shows frequent mobile phone use in vehicles but says little regarding how drivers hold their phone. This knowledge would inform countermeasures and benefit law enforcement in detecting phone use. Methods 934 participants were surveyed over phone-use prevalence, handedness, traffic-direction, and where they held their device. Results The majority (66%) reported using their phone while driving. Younger drivers were more likely to use their device. Of device-users, 67% preferred their passenger-side hand, 25% driver-side, and 8% both. Height- wise: 22% held in-lap, 52% even with the wheel, and 22% at wheel-top. Older drivers were more likely to hold the phone in the highest position The three most popular combinations were passenger-middle (35%), passenger-low (19%), and passenger-high (13.9%). There was insufficient evidence of differences based on handedness, prevalence, or traffic-direction. Conclusion Driver-preferred attention regions often require substantial neck flexion and eye-movement, which facilitates distraction detection. However, behavior may change in response to future interventions.
Pulseless and blindness – An ophthalmologist’s role in diagnosing Takayasu arteritis: Case series and brief review of literature
Authors: Mahajan Snigdha , Behera Umesh Chandra , Pravabati Savla Laxmi , Shah Miloni , Padhy Srikanta Kumar , Kelgaonkar Anup 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To study the initial presenting symptoms of Takayasu arteritis in unsuspecting patients. Methods: The underlying systemic condition was suspected in five subjects at a tertiary eye care center based on their ocular features. Similar reports in the literature were collated and analyzed for the common presenting features of undiagnosed Takayasu arteritis. Results: The most common presenting ophthalmic symptoms were vision loss (86.8%), ocular pain (21.1%), eye redness (18.4%), and photophobia (5.3%). There were no reports of glaucoma at presentation. Pupillary abnormalities (42.1%), microaneurysms in retinal mid-periphery (42.1%) and venous engorgement (28.9%) were the most common presenting signs. Despite systemic symptoms such as headache, dizziness, fatigue, weakness, arm claudication, fever, anorexia, weight loss, and syncope in 76.3% of cases, the patients in this series had never sought medical care before developing ocular symptoms. Conclusion: Takayasu arteritis may remain latent until the ophthalmic complications compel the patient to seek medical attention. Hence, ophthalmologists need to be aware of the seemingly innocuous presentations of the disease.
Disabling muscle of Riolan: A novel concept of orbicularis oculi myectomy for refractory benign essential blepharospasm
Authors: Takahashi Yasuhiro , Vaidya Aric , Lee Patricia Ann Lim , Kono Shinjiro , Kakizaki Hirohiko 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of orbicularis oculi myectomy with disabling the muscle of Riolan in patients with benign essential blepharospasm refractory to botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injection. Methods: This retrospective, observational study included 25 patients. After removal of the redundant skin and underlying orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) with or without extended OOM removal to the area of the superior orbital rim, the tarsal plate and the gray line were vertically severed at 2 points to disable the muscle of Riolan. The surgical effectiveness was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), functional disability score (FDS), and the presence or absence of necessity or enhanced effectiveness of BTX-A injection after surgery. Results: The symptoms improved in 23 patients (92.0%). The VAS and total FDS were significantly improved from 8.4 ± 1.7 to 4.0 ± 2.4 (reduction rate, 50.7 ± 35.6%) and from 74.6 ± 22.2 to 34.7 ± 25.3 (reduction rate, 53.4 ± 27.4%) after surgery, respectively (both, p < 0.001). Among the 23 patients whose symptoms improved after surgery, BTX-A injection was not required in 11 of them (47.8%). Among the remaining 12 patients (52.2%), the effectiveness of BTX-A was post-operatively enhanced in eight patients (34.8%). There were no serious complications, and none of the patients experienced madarosis. Conclusion: Disabling the muscle of Riolan is a valuable option of OOM myectomy in patients with refractory benign essential blepharospasm, without the development of serious complications, including madarosis.
Outcomes of three surgical approaches for managing ectopia lentis in Marfan syndrome
Authors: Erdogan Gurkan , Kandemir Besek Nilay , Onal Gunay Betul , Agca Alper 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To investigate the clinical outcomes of three surgical approaches for ectopia lentis in Marfan syndrome (MS) patients who had undergone crystalline lens removal with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation techniques comprising the intrascleral fixation of IOL, sutured scleral fixation of IOL, and IOL implantation with the use of a Cionni capsular tension ring (CTR). Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study, including 35 eyes of 21 patients who underwent the intrascleral fixation of IOL (group 1), scleral IOL fixation with the Z-suture (group 2), and IOL implantation with the use of a Cionni CTR (group 3) following crystalline lens removal. The surgical indications were as follows: no improvement in visual function after eyeglasses or contact lens application due to excessive irregular astigmatism and advanced crystalline lens decentration in which the edge of the crystalline lens came up to the optical axis, or dislocation of the crystalline lens resulting in aphakia and secondary glaucoma due to lens dislocation. The surgical outcomes and complications due to surgery were compared between the groups. Results: The mean age of the patients in the study was 12.3 ± 8.7 years (5–32 years). There were 10 eyes in group 1, 13 eyes in group 2, and 12 eyes in group 3. Visual acuity improved significantly in each group after surgery. Ocular residual astigmatism did not differ significantly between the groups ( p = 0.51). Conclusion: There were no significant differences between the three surgical approaches in the current study in terms of the postoperative results and complications.
Evolution of macular microvasculature and retinal layers alterations in patients with macula off retinal detachment after vitrectomy
Authors: Chatziralli Irini , Theodossiadis George , Chatzirallis Alexandros , Dimitriou Eleni , Parikakis Efstratios , Theodossiadis Panagiotis 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To examine the changes in retinal microvasculature in association with retinal layers’ condition in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods: Participants in this study were 89 patients with macula off RRD, who were successfully treated with PPV and gas tamponade without internal limiting membrane peeling, in two centers. All participants underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, slit-lamp examination, fundoscopy, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) at week 5, month 3 and month 6 postoperatively. The fellow untreated eyes were also examined and served as control data. Results: A statistically significant enlargement in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in both superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), accompanied with a statistically significant thinning of inner retinal layers, was noticed 5 weeks postoperatively. These changes, namely FAZ enlargement and thinning of inner retinal layers, in the operated eyes compared to the fellow eyes, remained unchanged till month 6 postoperatively. BCVA improved significantly from week 5 to months 3 and 6 postoperatively. The improvement in BCVA was associated with the gradual ellipsoid zone (EZ) recovery from the first (week 5) till the last examination (month 6). Conclusions: The FAZ enlargement in the operated eyes was accompanied with a statistically significant thinning in the inner retinal layers. Inter-correlation of BCVA and EZ integrity was noticed.
The effect of lacrimal drainage abnormality on the surgical outcomes of congenital lacrimal fistula and vice versa
Authors: Choi Yong Min , Jang Yeonji , Kim Namju , Choung Ho-Kyung , Khwarg Sang In 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the various surgical modalities of congenital lacrimal fistula and assess the mutual effect of lacrimal fistula and lacrimal drainage abnormality on the individual surgical outcomes. Methods: In this retrospective cohort and case-control study, 74 eyes from 63 patients with lacrimal fistula who underwent surgical management between 2000 and 2015 at three medical centers were enrolled. The data collected included sex, age, preoperative symptoms, presence of concurrent lacrimal drainage abnormality, surgical methods, and surgical outcomes. The main outcome measures were treatment outcomes based on lacrimal drainage patency and symptom improvement, surgical outcome of fistulectomy according to the presence of lacrimal drainage abnormality, and surgical outcome of lacrimal drainage abnormality according to the presence of fistula. Results: The mean age at the time of surgery was 9.2 (SD, ±8.8) years and the mean follow-up duration was 14.4 (SD, ±19.5) months. All eyes (37/37) with fistula without lacrimal drainage abnormality demonstrated surgical success after simple fistulectomy. Patients with concurrent lacrimal drainage abnormalities showed more frequent surgical failure than those with fistula alone ( p = 0.009). However, the presence of fistula did not affect the outcomes of surgery for lacrimal drainage abnormality ( p = 0.179). Conclusion: Simple fistulectomy is sufficient for sole asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic lacrimal fistula. Symptomatic fistula as well as those accompanied with lacrimal drainage abnormality underwent fistulectomy and lacrimal drainage system surgery. Patients with accompanying lacrimal drainage system abnormalities showed less favorable outcomes. Meticulous preoperative examination of the lacrimal drainage system is critical for surgical planning and prognosis prediction.
The impact of COVID-19 on primary retinopexy in preventing retinal detachment in a tertiary eye hospital emergency department
Authors: Moussa George , Samia-Aly Emma , Andreatta Walter , Lett Kim Son , Mitra Arijit , Sharma Ash , Tyagi Ajai K , Ch’ng Soon Wai 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To review the effect of COVID-19 on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) rate following primary retinopexy. Methods: Retrospective consecutive case series of 183 patients attending Birmingham and Midlands Eye Centre undergoing primary retinopexy (cryotherapy and laser) between March 23rd to June 30th in 2019 (Group 1) and 2020 (Group 2). Results: In total we reviewed 183 retinopexies, 122 in Group 1 and 61 in Group 2, a reduction of 50%. In Group 2 compared to Group 1, we showed a significant difference in characteristics of patients having primary retinopexy with an increase in proportion of male patients from 50 (41.0%) to 39 (63.9%) ( p = 0.005), increase in high myopes from 1 (0.8%) to 4 (6.6%) ( p = 0.043), more slit lamp laser retinopexy from 83 (68.0%) to 52 (85.2%) ( p = 0.013) and less cryopexy from 21 (17.2%) to 2 (3.3%) ( p = 0.008). In Group 2, primary retinopexy resulted in significantly more 3-month RRD rate 1 (0.8%) to 5 (8.2%) ( p = 0.016). There were no changes in number of patients requiring further retinopexy ( p = 1.000) Conclusion: This study demonstrates a reduction of primary retinopexy, an increased risk for RRD following primary retinopexy and a significant shift in type of primary retinopexy performed, demographics, operator and change in characteristics of type of retinal break observed during this pandemic. This study contributes to the growing literature of the secondary effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on other aspects of healthcare that is not just limited to the virus itself.
Integrated dual lag screws versus single lag screw cephalomedullary nail constructs: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Onggo James R , Nambiar Mithun , Onggo Jason D , Ambikaipalan Anuruban , Singh Parminder J , Babazadeh Sina 
Published: February 2021

Background/Aim: This study aims to determine the safety and efficacy of integrated dual lag screw (IDL) cephalomedullary nails (CMN) when compared with single lag screw (SL) constructs, in the internal fixation of intertrochanteric femoral fractures. Methods: The Smith & Nephew InterTan IDL was compared with SL CMN group consisting of the Stryker Gamma-3 (G3) and Synthes Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) CMN. A multi-database search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Data from studies assessing the clinical and radiological outcomes, complications and perioperative parameters of InterTan versus G3 or PFNA CMN in patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures were extracted and analysed. Results: 15 studies were included in this meta-analysis, consisting of 2643 patients. InterTan was associated with lower complication rates in terms of all-cause revisions (OR 0.34; 95% CI, 0.22–0.51; p < 0.001), cut-outs (OR 0.30; 95% CI, 0.17–0.51; p < 0.001), medial or lateral screw migration (OR 0.19; 95% CI, 0.06–0.65; p = 0.008) as well as persistent hip and thigh pain (OR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47–0.90; p = 0.008). In terms of perioperative parameters, InterTan is associated with longer operative times (MD 5.57 minutes; 95% CI, 0.37–10.78 minutes, p = 0.04) and fluoroscopy times (MD 38.89 seconds, 95% CI, 15.88–61.91 seconds; p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of clinical Harris Hip Score and radiological outcomes, non-union, haematoma, femoral fractures, varus collapse, length of stay and mean intraoperative blood loss between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Integrated dual lag screw cephalomedullary nails are associated with fewer revisions and complications. However, there is insufficient data to suggest that either nail construct is associated with better functional outcomes.
Primary Tritanium acetabular components have increased rates of radiolucency associated with inferior clinical outcomes at short-term follow-up
Authors: Bingham Joshua S , Hinckley Nathaniel B , Deckey David G , Hines Jeremy , Spangehl Mark J 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Cementless fixation is the standard for acetabular fixation in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). There are various surface finishes thought to improve osteointegration, although literature regarding the long-term survival of some of these surfaces is limited. Regardless of design, primary stability is essential to allow for osteointegration. Previous studies have suggested an increased rate of radiolucency and compromised short-term functional outcomes using the Tritanium primary acetabular component (Stryker, Mahwah, NJ). The purpose of this study was to compare the primary Tritanium acetabular component to another contemporary acetabular component as a control group with an established clinical record. Methods: 444 consecutive, primary THAs performed by a single surgeon from 2008 to 2012 were reviewed. Patients were included if they had a minimum 1-year follow-up. Implant survivorship and modified Harris Hip Scores (mHHS) were recorded for all patients at final follow-up. Radiographs were evaluated by 2 surgeons at 6 weeks, 1 year, and the most recent follow-up for evidence of radiolucency and migration. Components were considered to have evidence of radiographic lucency if they had radiolucency in 2 or more DeLee zones. Results: 198 patients met criteria for inclusion (96 Pinnacle, 102 Tritanium). Average follow-up was 28 (12–72) months. At final follow-up 6.2% of the Pinnacle cups and 29.4% of the Tritanium cups had radiographic evidence of loosening ( p < 0.01). The average mHHS for the Tritanium group was 83.1, and 88.4 for the Pinnacle group ( p < 0.01). Radiographic evidence of loosening also correlated with a lower mHHS: 75.5 versus 86.4 ( p < 0.01). In patients that received Tritanium cups without screw fixation 44.6% showed radiographic evidence of loosening versus 8% that received screw fixation ( p < 0.01). In total, 6 patients in the Tritanium group required revision for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component. Conclusions: The 30% rate of radiographic loosening in the Tritanium group was significantly higher than the Pinnacle group and correlated with an inferior clinical outcome. Interestingly the use of screw augmentation was protective against radiographic evidence of loosening. This suggests that the Tritanium component may be prone to fibrous in-growth because of inadequate primary stability.