bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microdosimetry Performance of The First Multi-Arrays of 3D-Cylindrical Microdetectors
Authors: Bachiller-Perea Diana , Zhang Mingming , Fleta Celeste , Quirion David , Bassignana Daniela , Gómez Faustino , Guardiola Consuelo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The present work reports on the microdosimetry measurements performed with the two first multi-arrays of microdosimeters with the highest radiation sensitive surface covered so far. The sensors are based on new silicon-based radiation detectors with a novel 3D cylindrical architecture. Methodology: Each system consists of arrays of independent microdetectors covering 2 mm×2 mm and 0.4 mm×12 cm radiation sensitive areas, the sensor distributions are arranged in layouts of 11×11 microdetectors and 3×3 multi-arrays, respectively. We have performed proton irradiations at several energies to compare the microdosimetry performance of the two systems, which have different spatial resolution and detection surface. The unit-cell of both arrays is a new type of 3D cylindrical diode with a 25 µm diameter and a 20 µm depth that results in a well-defined and isolated radiation sensitive micro-volume etched inside a silicon wafer. Measurements were carried out at the Accélérateur Linéaire et Tandem à Orsay (ALTO) facility by irradiating the two detection systems with monoenergetic proton beams from 6 to 18 MeV at clinical-equivalent fluence rates. Results: The microdosimetry quantities were obtained with a spatial resolution of 200 µm and 600 µm for the 11×11 system and for the 3×3 multi-array system, respectively. Experimental results were compared with Monte Carlo simulations and an overall good agreement was found. Conclusion: We have studied the microdosimetry response under clinical equivalent fluence rate of the first multi-arrays of 3D cylindrical microdetectors covering several centimeters of sensitive area. The good performance of both microdetector arrays demonstrates that this architecture and both configurations can be used clinically as microdosimeters for measuring the lineal energy distributions and, thus, for RBE optimization of hadron therapy treatments. Likewise, the results have shown that the devices can be also employed as a multipurpose device for beam monitoring in particle accelerators.
Effect of Pressure on Alkaline Pretreated Sugar Cane Bagasse for Enhanced Bioethanol Production
Authors: Uddin Azhar , Liaquat Rabia , Abdullah Ali , Khoja Asif Hussain , Muddasar Muhammad , Ullah Sami 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Global warming has become a major concern as a result of the excessive release of greenhouse gas emissions. An important strategy for achieving carbon neutrality targets is to focus on renewable energy resources. Second generation bioethanol synthesis via sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is another promising approach for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Here in, this study presents the second generation of bioethanol production from sugarcane bagasse with the pretreatment condition adjoined with basic hydrogen peroxide and pressure effect by fermentation using microorganisms Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Bacillus Subtilis. The results revealed better production through pretreatment at different operational stages through batch fermentation. Different characterization techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) results confirmed the better effects of structural changes of hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose during treatment, weight loss, thermal stability, and higher concentration of the produced bioethanol in the distillate After pretreatment, the conversion of biomass to bioethanol by using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae gives a high production yield (70%), which presents a production of 70g/L from 100g of SCB at the end of 72 h and a yield of bioethanol (0.7g/g) of SCB confirmed through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry qualitative analysis (GC/MS). The pretreatment conditions of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were optimized to the values 3h, 50°C, 60 psi, pH 8.6, and 150 rpm. This study sheds light on the effects of pretreatment conditions for bioethanol production from sugarcane bagasse.
Quantum Surprises from the Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen G·C Nucleobase Pairs: A Comprehensive QM/QTAIM Investigation
Authors: Brovarets Ol’ha O. , Muradova Alona , Hovorun Dmytro M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory in the isolated state it was revealed 14 novel physico-chemical mechanisms of the tautomerization of the G·C nucleotide base pairs in the Watson-Crick G·C(WC) / G*·C*(WC), reverse Watson-Crick G*·C*(rWC) / G·C*O2(rWC), Hoogsteen G*t·C*(H) / G*N7·C(H) or reverse Hoogsteen G*t·C*(rH) / G*tN7·C(rH) configurations into the wobble (wWC, wH) and reverse wobble (rwWC, rwН) base pairs: 1. G·C(WC)↔G·C*(rwWC), 2./3. G*·C*(WC)↔G·C*(rwWC)/G*N2·C*(rwWC), 4. G*·C*(rWC)↔G*·C(wWC), 5. G·C*O2(rWC)↔G·C*(wWC); 6./7./8./9. G*t·C*(H)↔G*t·C(rwН)/G*t·C*O2(wH)/G*t·C*O2(rwН)/G*tN7·C*(rwН)↔G*t·C*O2(rwН), 10. G*N7·C(H)↔G*t·C(wH) amino, 11./12. G*t·C*(rH)↔G*N7·C*(wН)/G*t·C(wН), 13. G*tN7·C(rH)↔G*tN7·C*(wН)↔G*t·C(wН) and 14. G*N7·C*(rwH)↔G*N7·C*(rwH) perp↔G-·C+(wH)↔G*t·C(rwН) reaction pathways. It was established that the presence in the base pair of the two anti-parallel neighboring H-bonds is a necessary and sufficient condition for the implementation of such transformations, since it enables intermolecular proton transfer between the bases inside the base pair. It was found out that these tautomeric transitions are controlled by the TSs with quasi-orthogonal structure, which are tight G+·C-/G-·C+ ion pairs, joined by at least two parallel intermolecular H-bonds, connected on a common negatively charged endocyclic N-/C- atoms – proton acceptor. All reaction pathways have been reliably confirmed. These transitions are accompanied by the changing of the mutual cis-orientation of the N9H and N1H glycosidic bonds of the bases on the trans-orientation and vice versa. These data complement the reported earlier mechanisms of the tautomerisations of the classical A·T and G·C DNA base pairs. Experimental verification of the novel G·C nucleobase pairs is looking as an attractive task for the future research.
Analysis of the Influence of Lifestyle on Liver Dysfunction Based on NAHANES Database
Authors: XU Yan , LIU Rong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo find out the influence of various factors in life style on liver dysfunction, put forward reasonable suggestions on prevention of liver dysfunction.MethodsDatasets from 2017 to March 2020 NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys) required for the analysis were downloaded from the NHANES web site and R 4.1.1. Software was used for data analysis. Survey Design Logisitic regression was used to analyze the influence of various factors on liver dysfunction and screen the risk factors.Resultshypertension, depression, and sedentary activity are risk factors for liver dysfunction, while reducing salt in diet and vigorous recreational activities were protective factors for liver dysfunction. The inflection points of blood pressure, BMI and sedentary activity were 98.33mmHg, 30.6kg/m2, 420min, respectively.ConclusionsBlood pressure, BMI, mood and sedentary behavior are risk factors for liver dysfunction. We suggest that keeping MAP level at 70-98.33mmHg, controlling BMI < 30kg/m2, maintaining a positive attitude, and sedentary time less than 420 min per day are more conducive to reducing the risk of liver dysfunction.
A SINS/DVL/USBL Integrated Navigation and Positioning IoT System with Multiple Sources Fusion and Federated Kalman Filter
Authors: Luo Qinghua , Yan Xiaozhen , Wang Chenxu , Shao Yang , Zhou Zhiquan , Li Jianfeng , Hu Cong , Wang Chuntao , Ding Jinfeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The navigation and positioning subsystem offers important position information for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) system. It plays a crucial role during the underwater exploration and operations of AUV. Many scholars research underwater navigation and positioning. And many promising methods and systems were presented. However, as the diversity of ocean environment, the random drift of the gyroscope, error accumulation, the diversity of tasks, and other negative factors, the navigation and positioning result is uncertain and incredible. The accuracy, stability and robustness are not guaranteed, which can not meet the increasing application requirement. Therefore, we put forward a SINS/DVL/USBL integrated navigation and positioning IoT system with multiple resource fusion and a federated Kalman filter. In this method, we first present an improved SINS/DVL combined subsystem with filtering gain compensation strategy. The accuracy and stability of the navigation and position system can be enhanced. Secondly, We proposed a USBL positioning subsystem with the Kalman filtering acoustic signals to improve USBL positioning performance. Lastly, we present a federated Kalman Filter to fuse the positioning information from the SINS/DVL combined positioning subsystem and the USBL positioning subsystem. Through the above three methods, we can improve the positioning accuracy and robustness. Comprehensive simulation results indicated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed SINS/DVL/USBL integrated navigation and positioning system.
Profiling Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism in Critically ill Children
Authors: Kean Iain Robert Louis , Wagner Joseph , Wijeyesekera Anisha , De Goffau Marcus , Thurston Sarah , Clark John A. , White Deborah K. , Ridout Jenna , Agrawal Shruti , Kayani Riaz , O’Donnell Roddy , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Peters Mark J. , Klein Nigel , Holmes Elaine , Parkhill Julian , Baker Stephen , Pathan Nazima 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial use during the treatment of critical illness influences gastrointestinal fermentation endpoints, host immune response and metabolic activity including the conversion of primary to secondary bile acids. We previously observed reduced fermentation capacity in the faecal microbiota of critically ill children upon hospital admission. Here, we further explore the timecourse of the relationship between the microbiome and bile acid profile in faecal samples collected from critically ill children. The microbiome was assayed by sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene, and faecal water bile acids were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. In comparison to admission faecal samples, members of the Lachnospiraceae recovered during the late-acute phase (days 8-10) of hospitalisation. Patients with infections had a lower proportion of Lachnospiraceae in their gut microbiota than controls and patients with primary admitting diagnoses. Keystone species linked to ecological recovery were observed to decline with the length of PICU admission. These species were further suppressed in patients with systemic infection, respiratory failure, and undergoing surgery. Bile acid composition recovers quickly after intervention for critical illness which may be aided by the compositional shift in Lachnospiraceae. Our findings suggest gut microbiota recovery can be readily assessed via measurement of faecal bile acids.
Low-Energy Ion Transport Between Two Insulating Parallel Plates
Authors: DuBois R. D. , Tőkési K. , Giglio E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Experimental data are presented for low-energy singly charged ion transport between two insulating parallel plates. Using a beam intensity of approximately 20 pA, measurements of the incoming and transmitted beams provide quantitative temporal information about the charge deposited on the plates and the guiding probability. Using a smaller beam intensity (~1 pA) plate charging and discharging properties were studied as a function of time. These data imply that both the charge deposition and decay along the surface and through the bulk need to be modeled as acting independently rather than as a combined weighted average. A further reduction of beam intensity to ~25 fA allowed temporal imaging studies of the positions and intensities of the guided beam plus two bypass beams to be performed. Because of the parallel plate geometry, SIMION software was used to simulate trajectories of the guided and bypass beams. This provides information about the amount and location of deposited charge and, as a function of charge patch voltage, the probability of beam guiding and how much the bypass beams are deflected. Information about the electric fields which provides insights into the relative charge decay via the surface and bulk is also obtained. An equivalent electric circuit model of the parallel plates is used to associate the deposited charge with the patch voltage. To achieve internal consistency between the various sets of experimental data and the SIMION information, the deposited charge is implied to be distributed primarily on the inner surface of the plates, transverse to the beam direction, rather than being distributed throughout the entire plate.
Conditioned Medium From M1 Macrophages Induces the Migration of Neural Stem Cells Through MCP-1/CCR2 and ERK Pathway
Authors: Cheng Zhijian , Zhu Wen , He Xijing , Kai Cao , Li Jin , Li Haopeng , Wang Guoyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
After spinal cord injury, grafted neural stem cells (NSCs) can migrate toward injured area, where there are a large number of bone marrow derived macrophage. However, little is known about the effect of M1 macrophage from bone marrow on NSCs migration and the mechanism responsible for migratory responses of grafted NSCs in vitro and in vivo. Migration of NSCs were conducted by using the transwell chamber and SCI model. Conditioned medium from M1 macrophages (M1-CM) can attract NSCs migration in vitro. The number of migrated C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) -/- NSCs induced by M1-CM were significantly decreased compared with wild type (WT) NSCs (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with M0 macrophages, the production of MCP-1 by M1 macrophages was significantly increased and M1-CM treated with anti-MCP-1 antibody to neutralize MCP-1 can lead to a significant reduction of NSCs migration (P<0.05). In addition, Western blot showed that ERK1/2 was dramatically activated following the stimuli of M1-CM and then ERK inhibitor can also inhibit M1-CM-mediated MSCs migration. Finally, CCR2 was needed for grafted NSCs migration toward injured area. Bone marrow derived M1 macrophage persisted within the epicenter of injured area and the expression of MCP-1 mRNA was significantly increased 7days after SCI (P<0.05). These results demonstrated the effect of M1 macrophages on NSCs migration and the important role of MCP-1/CCR2 and ERK signal pathway on M1-CM-induced NSCs migration.
Assessment of the Gastrointestinal Fate of Bacterial Cellulose and Its Toxicological Effects After Repeated-dose Oral Administration
Authors: Gama Miguel , Rodrigues Ana Cristina , Rodrigues Lígia , Duarte-Silva Sara , Teixeira-Castro Andreia , Lamas Nuno , Dourado Fernando 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBacterial cellulose (BC) is a nanofibrillar polysaccharide produced by certain acetic acid bacteria. BC may be used in food, pharma and many other applications. However, detailed studies of the oral toxicology of BC are limited. Controversial data is published regarding this topic, specially when it comes to answering the question on whether cellulose is absorbed at the intestine.MethodsFollowing the European Food Safety Authority guidelines (EFSA), this work presents the results of a 21-day repeated dose oral toxicity of BC in male and female Wistar Han rats (Wistar rats). In parallel, microcrystalline cellulose Avicel LM310 (commercially available as a food additive) was used. Wistar rats were subjected to daily oral gavage of 0.75 mL of an aqueous suspension 1% (m/v) BC or of its counterpart of plant origin, Avicel LM310. Rats not submitted to gavage were included in the experiment as controls. Clinical observations, such as body weight measurements, food consumption and ophthalmologic evaluations were performed during the assay. After occision, serum chemistry, necropsic examination and histopathological analyses of the liver, kidneys, spleen and small and large intestines were performed. The presence of BC fibers along the gastrointestinal tract was assessed histologically using a Green Fluorescence Protein coupled to a Cellulose Carbohydrate Binding Module (GFP-CBM) from Clostridium cellulolyticum.ResultsNo adverse clinical observations related to BC administration were noticed, nor appreciable differences in the toxicological endpoints evaluated were detected. No evidence of BC persorption was found. Particularly, no BC was detected in the Peyer´s patches or in the mesenteric lymphatic nodules. Moreover, the histopathological analyses revealed that the global architecture and morphology of the organs and tissues was preserved, among the different experimental groups, with no significant pathological changes among them. Regarding serum biochemistry, no significant differences were recorded, for both sexes.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that BC nanofibers can be considered safe and, as the vegetal cellulose, can be used as a food additive.
Asperosaponin VI Ameliorates The CMS-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors By Inducing A Neuroprotective Microglial Phenotype To Restore Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity Via PPAR-γ Pathway
Authors: Jiang Xue , Yi Saini , Liu Qin , Su Dapeng , Li Liangyuan , Xiao Chenghong , Zhang Jinqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The natural compound asperosaponin VI has shown potential as an antidepressant, but how it works is unclear. Here we explored its effects on mice exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS) and the underlying molecular pathways.Methods: Mice were exposed to CMS for three weeks followed by asperosaponin VI (40 mg/kg) or imipramine (20 mg/kg) for another three weeks. Depression-like behaviors were assessed in the forced swimming test, sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, open field test and novelty-suppressed feeding test. Microglial phenotype and synaptic plasticity were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining, real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in hippocampus of mice. In some experiments, stressed animals were treated with the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9622 to examine its involvement in the effects of asperosaponin VI.Results: Asperosaponin VI ameliorated depression-like behaviors of CMS mice based on all three behavioral tests, and this was associated with a switch of hippocampal microglia from a pro-inflammatory (iNOS+-Iba1+) to neuroprotective (Arg-1+-Iba1+) phenotype. The natural compound also promoted interactions between hippocampal microglia and neurons by enhancing CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and CD200/CD200R, and preserved synaptic plasticity based on PSD95 and CamKIIa levels. These effects of asperosaponin VI were blocked by GW9662. Conclusion: CMS in mice induces a proinflammatory microglial phenotype, disrupting neuron-microglia communication and synaptic function in hippocampus, ultimately leading to depression-like behaviors. Asperosaponin VI may ameliorate the effects of CMS by inducing microglia to adopt a PPAR-γ-dependent neuroprotective phenotype.
Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Supercooled H2O and D2O: A Path-Integral Computer Simulation Study
Authors: Eltareb Ali , Lopez Gustavo E. , Giovambattista Nicolas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We perform path-integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) and classical MD simulations of H2O and D2O using the q-TIP4P/F water model over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The density ρ(T), isothermal compressibility κT(T), and self-diffusion coefficients D(T) of H2O and D2O are in excellent agreement with available experimental data; the isobaric heat capacity CP(T) obtained from PIMD and MD simulations agree qualitatively well with the experiments. Some of these thermodynamic properties exhibit anomalous maxima upon isobaric cooling, consistent with recent experiments and with the possibility that H2O and D2O exhibit a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) at low temperatures and positive pressures. The data from PIMD/MD for H2O and D2O can be fitted remarkably well using the Two-State-Equation-of-State (TSEOS). Using the TSEOS, we estimate that the LLCP for q-TIP4P/F H2O, from PIMD simulations, is located at Pc = 167±9 MPa, Tc = 159±6 K, and ρc = 1.02±0.01 g/cm3. Isotope substitution effects are important; the LLCP location in q-TIP4P/F D2O is estimated to be Pc = 176 ± 4 MPa, Tc = 177 ± 2 K, and ρc = 1.13±0.01 g/cm3. Interestingly, for the water model studied, differences in the LLCP location from PIMD and MD simulations suggest that nuclear quantum effects (i.e., atoms delocalization) play an important role in the thermodynamics of water around the LLCP (from the MD simulations of q-TIP4P/F water, Pc = 203 ± 4 MPa, Tc = 175 ± 2 K, and ρc = 1.03 ± 0.01 g/cm3). Overall, our results strongly support the LLPT scenario to explain water anomalous behavior, independently of the fundamental differences between classical MD and PIMD techniques. The reported values of Tc for D2O and, particularly, H2O suggest that improved water models are needed for the study of supercooled water.
Myelin Water Fraction in Relation To Fractional Anisotropy and Reading in 10-Year-Old Children
Authors: Economou Maria , Billiet Thibo , Wouters Jan , Ghesquière Pol , Vanderauwera Jolijn , Vandermosten Maaike 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging studies have repeatedly shown that white matter correlates with reading throughout development. However, the neurobiological interpretation of this relationship is constrained by the limited microstructural specificity of diffusion imaging. A critical component of white matter microstructure is myelin, which can be investigated noninvasively using MRI. Here, diffusion-weighted as well as myelin water imaging were applied to examine the links of myelin water fraction (MWF) with fractional anisotropy (FA; a common diffusion index) and reading ability in 10-year-old children (n = 69). The results replicate previous reports on a positive relationship between FA and MWF, which is significant in dorsal but not ventral tracts. Moreover, our findings revealed a negative correlation between word reading and MWF in left reading-related white matter tracts. Altogether, this study contributes important insights into the role of myelin-related processes in the relationship between reading and white matter structure.