bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors that make Bariatric Surgery Technically Challenging: A Survey of 370 Bariatric Surgeons
Authors: Shahabi Shahab , Carbajo Miguel , Nimeri Abdelrahman , Kermansaravi Mohammad , Davarpanah Jazi Amir Hossein , Pazouki Abdolreza , Mahawar Kamal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is no published data on the factors bariatric surgeons think make bariatric surgery challenging. This study aimed to identify factors that bariatric surgeons feel and increase the technical complexity of bariatric surgery.MethodsBariatric surgeons from around the world were invited to participate in a questionnaire‐based survey on Survey Monkey®. An Average Weighted Score was calculated for each factor. A score of < 1.0 meant that the factor was perceived to make surgery technically easier.ResultsThree hundred seventy bariatric and metabolic surgeons from 59 countries completed the survey. The top 10 factors that our respondents felt were most important for determining the technical difficulty of a procedure were inappropriate trocar placement (AWS 3.44), BMI above 60 (AWS 3.41), open bariatric surgery (AWS 3.26), less experienced bariatric anesthetist (AWS 3.18), liver cirrhosis (AWS 3), large liver (AWS 2.99), less experienced bariatric assistant (AWS 2.97), lower surgeon total bariatric surgery volume (AWS 2.95), lower surgeon specific procedure volume (AWS 2.85) and previous laparotomy (AWS 2.83), respectively. Respondents also felt that the younger patients (AWS 0.78), dedicated operating team (AWS 0.67), BMI less than 35 (AWS 0.54), and French position (AWS 0.45) actually make the surgery easier.ConclusionThis survey is the first attempt to understand the factors which make bariatric surgery more difficult. Knowing the factors made the operation more challenging, led to better scheduling the potentially difficult patients to reduce the complications.
Screening auf Frühgeborenenretinopathie – die wichtigsten Änderungen in der neuen deutschen Leitlinie 2020
Authors: Li Jeany Q. , Kellner Ulrich , Lorenz Birgit , Stahl Andreas , Krohne Tim U. 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch Verbesserungen in der neonatologischen Versorgung von Frühgeborenen und die Entwicklung neuer Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der Frühgeborenenretinopathie („retinopathy of prematurity“ [ROP]) haben sich die Anforderungen an das ROP-Screening seit der Veröffentlichung der letzten Fassung der deutschen Leitlinie zum ROP-Screening im Jahr 2008 verändert. Auf Grundlage aktueller Studiendaten wurde die Leitlinie in 2020 grundlegend überarbeitet und in einer aktualisierten Fassung veröffentlicht.

Ziel
Dieser Artikel fasst die wichtigsten Änderungen in der neuen Leitlinie zusammen.

Ergebnisse
Die Altersgrenze für einen Screeningeinschluss wurde für Kinder ohne zusätzliche Risikofaktoren auf ein Gestationsalter von unter 31 Wochen gesenkt. Die Mindestdauer für eine Sauerstoffsupplementation, die einen Einschluss in das Screening bei Frühgeborenen erforderlich macht, wurde auf über 5 Tage angehoben. Eine Behandlung bei ROP in Zone II kann nun schon bei jedem Stadium 3 mit Plus-Symptomatik unabhängig von der Anzahl der betroffenen Uhrzeiten erfolgen. Für die Nachkontrollen nach Anti-VEGF („vascular endothelial growth factor“)-Therapie wurden Kriterien zur Frequenz und Dauer definiert. Das verbindliche Dokument für diese und weitere neue Empfehlungen ist die Leitlinie selber.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Empfehlungen der Leitlinie ermöglichen eine zuverlässige Identifikation von Kindern mit ROP-Risiko für den Einschluss in das Screening und eine rechtzeitige Erkennung fortgeschrittener Krankheitsstadien für die Therapieeinleitung, um so Erblindung durch ROP zu verhindern.
Sudden infant death syndrome: deletions of glutathione-S-transferase genes M1 and T1 and tobacco smoke exposure
Authors: Mawick Anthea , Pfeiffer Heidi , Vennemann Marielle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn developed countries, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death in infants in their first year of life. The risk of SIDS is increased if parents smoked during pregnancy and in presence of the child. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyse the conjugation of glutathione with electrophilic compounds and toxins, making them less reactive and easier to excrete. As a gene dose effect was observed forGSTM1andGSTT1, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a connection between homozygous or heterozygous gene deletions ofGSTM1orGSTT1and the occurrence of SIDS. We found that heterozygous deletion ofGSTM1occurred significantly more frequently in the SIDS case group compared to the control group. A homozygous deletion ofGSMT1was slightly more frequently in the control group. A homozygous gene deletion ofGSTT1showed no significant difference between the SIDS group and the control group. We also found that in the SIDS group, the number of victims that were exposed to cigarette smoke was significantly higher than the number of victims without cigarette smoke exposure and that the mean lifetime of children whose mothers smoked was shorter in comparison with non-smoking mothers. In SIDS cases with homozygous gene deletions ofGSTM1, the median life span of children with tobacco smoke exposure was 60 days shorter than without smoke exposure. In conclusion, the absence of these two genes is not the only trigger for SIDS but could be a critical aspect of SIDS aetiology, particularly in SIDS cases with smoking parents.
Environment rather than provenance explains levels of foliar phenolics in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings
Authors: Steen Johanna S. , Asplund Johan , Lie Marit H. , Nybakken Line 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith progressive climate change, the chemical defense in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is likely to change, which might impact its fitness and ability to establish beyond its current northern distribution limit. We studied the phenolic defense in six beech provenances grown in three common gardens in Norway the two first years after planting.We analyzed low molecular weight phenolic compounds by HPLC and condensed tannins by the acid-butanol assay. Sampling year explained most of the variance in phenolic defense, followed by environment (growing location), while the genetic background (provenance) showed the least explanatory power. After the first year in the field, the northernmost growing location had about 70% higher concentration of low molecular weight phenolics than the southern growing locations. The concentrations of condensed tannins, however, were lowest in the north. The mean concentration of total low molecular weight phenolics was twice as high after the first year compared to the second year. After the second year, the differences between the growing locations in many cases disappeared. The differences between the growing locations are probably caused by differences in temperature and soil fertility, while we attribute the decrease in low molecular weight phenols from the first to the second year to decreased water and nutrient stress, as well as aging. Our results suggest that intraspecific variations in concentration and composition of phenolic compounds in beech are caused by differences in the environment to a greater extent than the genetic background, which may indicate fast changes in chemical defense with climate change.
Iterative learning-based path control for robot-assisted upper-limb rehabilitation
Authors: Maqsood Kamran , Luo Jing , Yang Chenguang , Ren Qingyuan , Li Yanan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn robot-assisted rehabilitation, the performance of robotic assistance is dependent on the human user’s dynamics, which are subject to uncertainties. In order to enhance the rehabilitation performance and in particular to provide a constant level of assistance, we separate the task space into two subspaces where a combined scheme of adaptive impedance control and trajectory learning is developed. Human movement speed can vary from person to person and it cannot be predefined for the robot. Therefore, in the direction of human movement, an iterative trajectory learning approach is developed to update the robot reference according to human movement and to achieve the desired interaction force between the robot and the human user. In the direction normal to the task trajectory, human’s unintentional force may deteriorate the trajectory tracking performance. Therefore, an impedance adaptation method is utilized to compensate for unknown human force and prevent the human user drifting away from the updated robot reference trajectory. The proposed scheme was tested in experiments that emulated three upper-limb rehabilitation modes: zero interaction force, assistive and resistive. Experimental results showed that the desired assistance level could be achieved, despite uncertain human dynamics.
Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein is a potential biomarker to monitor disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease receiving adalimumab: PLANET study
Authors: Shinzaki Shinichiro , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Tanaka Hiroki , Takeshima Fuminao , Kato Shingo , Torisu Takehiro , Ohta Yuki , Watanabe Kenji , Nakamura Shiro , Yoshimura Naoki , Kobayashi Taku , Shiotani Akiko , Hirai Fumihito , Hiraoka Sakiko , Watanabe Mamoru , Matsuura Minoru , Nishimoto Shohei , Mizuno Shinta , Iijima Hideki , Takehara Tetsuo , Naka Tetsuji , Kanai Takanori , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
This multicenter prospective study (UMIN000019958) aimed to evaluate the usefulness of serum leucin-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG) levels in monitoring disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods
Patients with moderate-to-severe IBD initiated on adalimumab therapy were enrolled herein. Serum LRG, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fecal calprotectin (fCal) levels were measured at week 0, 12, 24, and 52. Colonoscopy was performed at week 0, 12, and 52 for ulcerative colitis (UC), and at week 0, 24, and 52 for Crohn’s disease (CD). Endoscopic activity was assessed using the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) for CD and the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) for UC.

Results
A total of 81 patients was enrolled. Serum LRG levels decreased along with improvements in clinical and endoscopic outcomes upon adalimumab treatment (27.4 ± 12.6 μg/ml at week 0, 15.5 ± 7.7 μg/ml at week 12, 15.7 ± 9.6 μg/ml at week 24, and 14.5 ± 6.8 μg/ml at week 52), being correlated with endoscopic activity at each time point (SES-CD: r = 0.391 at week 0, r = 0.563 at week 24, r = 0.697 at week 52; MES: r = 0.534 at week 0, r = 0.429 at week 12, r = 0.335 at week 52). Endoscopic activity better correlated with LRG compared to CRP and fCal on pooled analysis at all time points (SES-CD: LRG: r = 0.636, CRP: r = 0.402, fCal: r = 0.435; MES: LRG: r = 0.568, CRP: 0.389, fCal: r = 0.426).

Conclusions
Serum LRG is a useful biomarker of endoscopic activity both in CD and UC during the adalimumab treatment.
Breathing space: deoxygenation of aquatic environments can drive differential ecological impacts across biological invasion stages
Authors: Dickey James W. E. , Coughlan Neil E. , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Médoc Vincent , McCard Monica , Leavitt Peter R. , Lacroix Gérard , Fiorini Sarah , Millot Alexis , Cuthbert Ross N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe influence of climate change on the ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) remains understudied, with deoxygenation of aquatic environments often-overlooked as a consequence of climate change. Here, we therefore assessed how oxygen saturation affects the ecological impact of a predatory invasive fish, the Ponto-Caspian round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), relative to a co-occurring endangered European native analogue, the bullhead (Cottus gobio) experiencing decline in the presence of the IAS. In individual trials and mesocosms, we assessed the effect of high, medium and low (90%, 60% and 30%) oxygen saturation on: (1) functional responses (FRs) of the IAS and native, i.e. per capita feeding rates; (2) the impact on prey populations exerted; and (3) how combined impacts of both fishes change over invasion stages (Pre-invasion, Arrival, Replacement, Proliferation). Both species showed Type II potentially destabilising FRs, but at low oxygen saturation, the invader had a significantly higher feeding rate than the native. Relative Impact Potential, combining fish per capita effects and population abundances, revealed that low oxygen saturation exacerbates the high relative impact of the invader. The Relative Total Impact Potential (RTIP), modelling both consumer species’ impacts on prey populations in a system, was consistently higher at low oxygen saturation and especially high during invader Proliferation. In the mesocosm experiment, low oxygen lowered RTIP where both species were present, but again the IAS retained high relative impact during Replacement and Proliferation stages at low oxygen. We also found evidence of multiple predator effects, principally antagonism. We highlight the threat posed to native communities by IAS alongside climate-related stressors, but note that solutions may be available to remedy hypoxia and potentially mitigate impacts across invasion stages.
The European Arrest Warrant in Designer Drugs Cases. With or Without Verification of Double Criminality?
Authors: Zając Dominik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe cross-border character of the designer drugs crimes forced the UE countries to cooperate in criminal prosecution. At first sight, in European Union law, there are proper instruments to enforce such cooperation. The Framework Decision on the European Arrest Warrant introduces the model of cross-border prosecution and abandons the requirement of double criminality in case of the group of the 32 crimes, listed in the Article 2 (2) of the FD EAW. The question is whether such a simple variant of EAW (without checking double criminality) may be enforced in designer drug cases. The work presents an argumentation that the normative meaning of Article 2 (2) of the FD EAW has to be established under European and international law. As long as a particular new drug is not internationally recognized as ‘psychotropic substance’ or ‘narcotic drug’, its trafficking cannot be treated as one of the 32 crimes, mentioned above.
People’s perceptions on the use of human excreta for biogas generation in Ghana
Authors: Osei-Marfo M. , de Vries N. K. , Awuah E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper explored people’s perceptions on the use of human excreta for biogas generation in Ghana using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). It sought to assess the effect of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control on people’s behavioural intention to use human excreta (HEx) for biogas. Data collection was by questionnaire designed with the TPB constructs and other demographic information, and the analysis was done by structural equation modelling (SEM). The analysis produced two structural models: the standard TPB model and the adjusted model. Based on SEM, this study revealed that the adjusted model provides a useful and effective framework for analysing the interrelationships between socio-demographic variables and the standard TPB constructs than the standard TPB. Therefore, the results show that the effect of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control are all significant and positive. Though all the constructs were significant and positive, participants showed low perceived behavioural control or they perceive low ability of using HEx for biogas. Results revealed an adequate fit for people’s behavioural intentions to use HEx for biogas. The adjusted model, generated by the inclusion of gender and education into the TPB model, provided a useful and effective framework for the interrelationships between socio-demographic variables and the TPB constructs than the standard TPB. Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control significantly influenced intentions to use HEx for biogas. Though perceived behavioural control showed low controllability, subjective norm was a major factor with religion being key on intentions to use HEx for biogas generation. Gender and education had no direct significant influence on intentions, but their effects were mediated through the TPB factors. It was further revealed that knowledge on the benefits of biogas as well as the perceived effect of using human excreta was strong and positive. Interventions aimed at promoting the use of HEx for biogas should address low controllability and that should include government subsidy and financial support as well as education to address stigma and HEx knowledge. The intervention should also bring on board important persons such as religious leaders and persons from relevant institutions to lead more open discussions on HEx use for biogas.
Gender Transition: Is There a Right to Be Forgotten?
Authors: Correia Mónica , Rêgo Guilhermina , Nunes Rui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe European Union (EU) faced high risks from personal data proliferation to individuals’ privacy. Legislation has emerged that seeks to articulate all interests at stake, balancing the need for data flow from EU countries with protecting personal data: the General Data Protection Regulation. One of the mechanisms established by this new law to strengthen the individual’s control over their data is the so-called “right to be forgotten”, the right to obtain from the controller the erasure of records. In gender transition, this right represents a powerful form of control over personal data, especially health data that may reveal a gender with which they do not identify and reject. Therefore, it is pertinent to discern whether the right to have personal data deleted—in particular, health data—is ethically acceptable in gender transition. Towards addressing the ethical dimensions of the right to be forgotten in this case, this study presents relevant concepts, briefly outlines history, ethics and law of records considering the evolution from paper to electronic format, the main aspects of identity construction and gender identity, and explores the relationship between privacy, data protection/information control and identity projection. Also, it discusses in gender transition the relation between “the right to self-determination”, “the right to delete”, and “the right to identity and individuality”. Conclusions on the ethical admissibility of the ‘right to be forgotten’ to control gender-affirming information are presented.
Territorial governance of managed retreat in Sweden: addressing challenges
Authors: Göransson Gunnel , Van Well Lisa , Bendz David , Danielsson Per , Hedfors Jim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany climate adaptation options currently being discussed in Sweden to meet the challenge of surging seas and inland flooding advocate holding the line through various hard and soft measures to stabilize the shoreline, while managed retreat is neither considered as feasible option nor has it been explicitly researched in Sweden. However, failure to consider future flooding from climate change in municipal planning may have dangerous and costly consequences when the water does come. We suggest that managed retreat practices are challenging in Sweden, not only due to public opinions but also because of a deficit of uptake of territorial knowledge by decision-makers and difficulties in realizing flexible planning options of the shoreline. A territorial governance framework was used as a heuristic to explore the challenges to managed retreat in four urban case studies (three municipalities and one county) representing different territorial, hydrological and oceanographic environments. This was done through a series of participatory stakeholder workshops. The analysis using a territorial governance framework based on dimensions of coordination, integration, mobilization, adaptation and realization presents variations in how managed retreat barriers and opportunities are perceived among case study sites, mainly due to the differing territorial or place-based challenges. The results also indicate common challenges regardless of the case study site, including coordination challenges and unclear responsibility, the need for integrated means of addressing goal conflicts and being able to adapt flexibly to existing regulations and plans. Yet rethinking how managed retreat could boost community resilience and help to implement long-term visions was seen as a way to deal with some of the territorial challenges.
Multiperiod Optimal Allocation of Emergency Resources in Support of Cross-Regional Disaster Sustainable Rescue
Authors: Wang Yanyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCross-regional allocation is necessary for the rational utilization and optimal allocation of resources. It is also the key to effective and sustainable disaster relief. Existing research, however, generally centers on emergency resource allocation only within territories or regions. This article proposes a multiperiod allocation optimization model for emergency resources based on regional self-rescue and cross-regional collaborative rescue efforts. The model targets the shortest delivery time and lowest allocation costs as its efficiency goals and the maximum coverage rate of resource allocation in the disaster-affected locations as its equity goal. An objective weighting fuzzy algorithm based on two-dimensional Euclidean distance is designed to solve the proposed model. A case study based on the Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May 2008 was conducted to validate the proposed model. The results indicate that our proposed model allows for optimal, multiperiod cross-regional resource allocation by combining interterritorial and nearby allocation principles. Cross-regional relief makes resource allocation more equitable, minimizes dissatisfaction, and prevents losses. Different decision preferences appear to significantly affect the choice of resource allocation scheme employed, which provides flexibility for decision making in different emergencies.
Superflexible and Lead-Free Piezoelectric Nanogenerator as a Highly Sensitive Self-Powered Sensor for Human Motion Monitoring
Authors: Yu Di , Zheng Zhipeng , Liu Jiadong , Xiao Hongyuan , Huangfu Geng , Guo Yiping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor traditional piezoelectric sensors based on poled ceramics, a low curie temperature (Tc) is a fatal flaw due to the depolarization phenomenon. However, in this study, we find the low Tc would be a benefit for flexible piezoelectric sensors because small alterations of force trigger large changes in polarization. BaTi0.88Sn0.12O3 (BTS) with high piezoelectric coefficient and low Tc close to human body temperature is taken as an example for materials of this kind. Continuous piezoelectric BTS films were deposited on the flexible glass fiber fabrics (GFF), self-powered sensors based on the ultra-thin, superflexible, and polarization-free BTS-GFF/PVDF composite piezoelectric films are used for human motion sensing. In the low force region (1–9 N), the sensors have the outstanding performance with voltage sensitivity of 1.23 V N−1 and current sensitivity of 41.0 nA N−1. The BTS-GFF/PVDF sensors can be used to detect the tiny forces of falling water drops, finger joint motion, tiny surface deformation, and fatigue driving with high sensitivity. This work provides a new paradigm for the preparation of superflexible, highly sensitive and wearable self-powered piezoelectric sensors, and this kind of sensors will have a broad application prospect in the fields of medical rehabilitation, human motion monitoring, and intelligent robot.