bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regioselective Hydroperoxylation of Aziridines and Epoxides Only with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Saleh SK Abu , Hazra Atanu , Hajra Saumen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA catalyst and organic solvent‐free regioselective hydroperoxylation of aziridines and epoxides, including spiroaziridine‐ and spiroepoxy oxindoles have been explored with commercially available 50% aq. H2O2. This method provides an access to secondary benzylic β‐hydroperoxy amines and ‐alcohols and tertiary 3‐hydroperoxy oxindoles. The protocol is also applicable to the less reactive alkyl aziridines. Furthermore, an acid‐catalyzed Kornblum‐DeLaMare type rearrangement of secondary benzylic hydroperoxide has also been revealed to afford amino‐ and hydroxyl ketones.magnified image
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Regioselective C−H Allylation and Prenylation of Indoles at C4‐Position
Authors: Zhang Shang‐Shi , Liu Yan‐Zhi , Zheng Yi‐Chuan , Xie Hui , Chen Shao‐Yong , Song Jia‐Lin , Shu Bing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHerein, Rh(III)‐catalyzed C4‐selective C−H allylation and prenylation of indoles by using a weak carbonyl coordination directing group have been reported. By employing 5‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐ones, 4‐vinyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ones and 2‐methyl‐2,3‐butadiene as scalable cross‐coupling partners, these divergent synthesis protocols proceed smoothly under redox‐neutral reaction conditions, delivering various allylated and prenylated indoles in moderate to satisfied yields. This transformation exhibits high functional‐groups compatibility and broad substrate scope. Scale‐up experiment and mechanistic studies were also accomplished.magnified image
Gold‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Tandem Cyclization of Alkynol‐Tethered Alkylidenecyclopropanes to Construct Naphthalene‐Fused Eight‐ to Eleven‐Membered Cyclic Ethers
Authors: Tao Leyi , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA gold‐catalyzed intramolecular tandem cyclization of alkynol‐tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes was reported in this paper, providing a synthetic route to access naphthalene‐fused eight‐ to eleven‐membered cyclic ether derivatives in moderate to good yields. On the basis of control experiments and DFT calculations, a reasonable reaction mechanism involving a gold carbene intermediate was proposed, which was formed via the 6‐endo‐dig enyne cyclization process.magnified image
Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Fibers: Controllable Architectures for Electrochemical Energy Applications
Authors: Zhang Fangzhou , Sherrell Peter C. , Luo Wei , Chen Jun , Li Wei , Yang Jianping , Zhu Meifang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic/inorganic hybrid fibers (OIHFs) are intriguing materials, possessing an intrinsic high specific surface area and flexibility coupled to unique anisotropic properties, diverse chemical compositions, and controllable hybrid architectures. During the last decade, advanced OIHFs with exceptional properties for electrochemical energy applications, including possessing interconnected networks, abundant active sites, and short ion diffusion length have emerged. Here, a comprehensive overview of the controllable architectures and electrochemical energy applications of OIHFs is presented. After a brief introduction, the controllable construction of OIHFs is described in detail through precise tailoring of the overall, interior, and interface structures. Additionally, several important electrochemical energy applications including rechargeable batteries (lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, and lithium–sulfur batteries), supercapacitors (sandwich‐shaped supercapacitors and fiber‐shaped supercapacitors), and electrocatalysts (oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction) are presented. The current state of the field and challenges are discussed, and a vision of the future directions to exploit OIHFs for electrochemical energy devices is provided.
Electrochemically Promoted Bifunctionalization of Alkynes for the Synthesis of β‐Keto Sulfones
Authors: Wan Hai‐Lan , Guan Zhi , He Yan‐Hong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn electrochemical oxidative difunctionalization of internal and terminal alkynes with sulfonyl hydrazides for the synthesis of β‐keto sulfones has been achieved. The reaction involves the addition of sulfonyl radicals to alkynes, and the resulting alkenyl radicals are oxidized to alkenyl cations, which are then nucleophilically attacked by H2O, followed by tautomerization to form β‐keto sulfones. The method is green and sustainable as it is catalyst‐free, oxidant‐free, and additive‐free. The new C−O and C−S bonds can be constructed in one‐pot to directly access β‐keto sulfone derivatives.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic α,β‐Dehydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Shibatani Ayaka , Kataoka Yasutaka , Ura Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aerobic dehydrogenation of saturated carboxylic acids to α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids proceeded by a simple Pd(OAc)2/pyridine catalyst system under 1 atm of O2. β‐Acyloxylated carboxylic acids were also produced from propionic acid and butyric acid by the conjugate addition of the substrates to the formed α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids. When propionic acid was used as a substrate,trans‐Pd(OCOEt)2(pyridine)2was formedin situas a precatalyst. The kinetic experiments indicated that Pd(OCOR)2(pyridine) is a catalytically active species and that β‐C(sp3)−H bond activation in the carboxylate ligand is the turnover‐limiting step. The DFT calculations agreed with the mechanism.
Manipulation of Organic Afterglow by Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Wang Guangming , Wang Xuepu , Sun Yan , Zhou Bei , Zou Yunlong , Wang Biaobing , Zhang Kaka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe fabrication of room‐temperature organic phosphorescence and afterglow materials, as well as the transformation of their photophysical properties, has emerged as an important topic in the research field of luminescent materials. Here, we report the establishment of energy landscapes in dopant‐matrix organic afterglow systems where the aggregation states of luminescent dopants can be controlled by doping concentrations in the matrices and the methods of preparing the materials. Through manipulation by thermodynamic and kinetic control, dopant‐matrix afterglow materials with different aggregation states and diverse afterglow properties can be obtained. The conversion from metastable aggregation state to thermodynamic stable aggregation state of the dopant‐matrix afterglow materials to leads to the emergence of intriguing afterglow transformation behavior triggered by thermal and solvent annealing. The thermodynamically unfavorable reversible afterglow transformation process can also be achieved by coupling the dopant‐matrix afterglow system to mechanical forces.
Total Synthesis of Glipizide and Glibenclamide in Continuous Flow
Authors: Sagandira Cloudius R. , Khasipo Agnes Z. , Watts Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlipizide and glibenclamide remain some of the widely prescribed antidiabetic sulfonylurea drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Herein the authors report on an isocyanate‐free synthetic procedure towards the preparation of these on demand drugs at multigram scale using continuous flow technology. The safety concern over the use of isocyanates in most of the existing synthetic routes was dealt with in this present work by using N‐carbamates synthesised in situ from activation of amines with chloroformates as safer alternatives. An overall yield of 80–85 % was obtained for the semi‐telescoped steps within 10 min total residence time.
The legacy of river channel modification in wadeable, lowland rivers: Exploring overdeep rivers in England
Authors: Gurnell Angela M. , Downs Peter W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany lowland fluvial systems are suspected to possess a morphological legacy from a long history of channel modifications as a consequence of limited energy and sediment supply to facilitate recovery. We explore the extent of such modifications using a regionally extensive dataset of physical habitat surveys compiled by non‐specialist surveyors. Representative photographs for each surveyed site were used to quality check channel width, depth and bed grain size information derived from Modular River Physical (MoRPh) surveys. Following checking, 1659 surveys were retained for analysis from alluvial sites, almost entirely in England. The photographs were also inspected for evidence of clear ‘overdeepening’ that would preclude frequent overtopping of the lower bank top. Results indicated that almost one‐third of the sites were overdeepened, that width‐to‐depth ratios defined using the active bed width showed stronger discrimination of overdeepening than bankfull width, that highly statistically significant identification of overdeepened channels was possible in channels up to 10 m wide and with only minimal differences attributable to channel bed materials. Stepwise regression analysis estimated relationships between channel width‐to‐depth ratios and channel size for overdeepened and non‐overdeepened channels. We demonstrate that large data sets collected by numerous non‐specialist surveyors can, with careful filtering, generate statistically robust results of geomorphological value over areas larger than is otherwise practicable. Furthermore, we reveal a notable legacy of overdeepening in the analysed lowland rivers, which presents a significant ‘hydromorphological’ management challenge.
Synthesis of a novel Sr2TiMnO6 double perovskite electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Bhardwaj Upasana , Sharma Aditi , Mathur Ankita , Halder Aditi , Kushwaha Himmat Singh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerovskite‐based catalysts have received a lot attention as bifunctional oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR/OER) catalysts in secondary rechargeable zinc–air batteries due to their tunable structure, stability at high current densities, low cost, lightweight, and nontoxicity. This paper investigates a new perovskite material, Sr2TiMnO6 (STMO), for a rechargeable zinc–air battery (ZAB). The crystalline structure, morphology, and adsorption/desorption behavior of STMO are thoroughly studied and investigated their catalytic processes. The perovskite catalyst shows high catalytic activities, durability, and endurance in the alkaline medium, resulting in the power density of 97 mW·cm−2, and a specific capacity of 705.21 mAh·g−1. The rechargeable STMO ZAB exhibited good cycling stability with the current density of 3.5 mA·cm−2 for 6.66 h and low overpotential. The observed results promise STMO to be a viable candidate as a functional (ORR/OER) electrocatalyst which can be successfully used for commercial fuel‐cells and metal air batteries.
Pathological gallbladder wall thickening is associated with advanced chronic liver disease and independent of serum albumin
Authors: Bremer Sebastian C. B. , Knoop Richard F. , Porsche Melissa , Amanzada Ahmad , Ellenrieder Volker , Neesse Albrecht , Kunsch Steffen , Petzold Golo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeIncreased gallbladder wall thickness (GBWT) is a common finding. Reported causes include advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD), ascites and hypalbuminemia. GBWT is a marker for the prediction of esophageal varices. It remains unclear which of these factors is the decisive driver of GBWT. We aim to investigate whether there is a predominant factor associated with the GBWT.MethodsWe enrolled 258 patients with ascites, hypalbuminemia and/or ACLD and 98 healthy volunteers that underwent abdominal ultrasound. Differences of mean GBWT in subgroups of patients with ACLD, ascites, and/or hypalbuminemia were analyzed. Correlation between various parameters and GBWT were calculated using multiple regression analysis.ResultsGBWT in patients with ACLD + ascites + hypalbuminemia (n = 59; 5.70 ± 2.05 mm) was pathologically increased compared to patients with hypalbuminemia + ascites without ACLD (n = 36; 2.14 ± 0.66 mm; p < .001) and to patients with only hypalbuminemia (n = 76; 2.02 ± 0.80 mm; p < .001). GBWT of patients with ACLD + hypalbuminemia (n = 30; 3.42 ± 1.52 mm) and with ACLD and normal albumin level were not different (n = 46; 3.10 ± 1.62 mm; p > .999). Significant correlation was seen between GBWT and ACLD (r = .53; p < .001) and ascites (r = .51; p < .001) but not albumin level (r = .04; p = .510).ConclusionWe demonstrate that ACLD is predominantly associated with GBWT. In contrast to the current literature, serum albumin level appears not to be associated with pathological GBWT.
Synthesis, antimicrobial/radical scavenging, and in‐silico investigations of a novel class of 4‐[(4′‐hydroxymethylphenyl)‐1H‐1′,2′,3′‐triazol‐1‐yl‐methyl]‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones
Authors: Carmel Yesudass Sowmiya , Ranjan Prabodh , Suresh Hari Prasad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReaction of 4‐[(4′‐trimethylsilyl‐1H‐1′,2′,3′‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl]‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones with benzaldehyde and tetra‐n‐butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in THF yielded ten novel coumarinyl‐ triazoyl‐ phenyl methanol derivatives in 88%–97% yields. The in‐vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and radical scavenging activities reveal three of the compounds possess good biological activity. In‐silico computational investigations with the most active ligands have indicated that molecules behave as potent antibacterial inhibitors.
Modulation of observed sea surface temperature variation by the quasi‐biweekly oscillation in the tropical western Pacific during boreal summer
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Kuiping , Yu Weidong , Zu Yongcan , Liu Lin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing 17‐year in situ buoy observations, this study investigates how sea surface temperature (SST) over the tropical western Pacific Ocean is modulated by the quasi‐biweekly oscillation (QBWO) during boreal summer. The 10‐buoy mean phase‐by‐phase composites of SST indicate that SST evolution lags behind the convection cycle by approximately one quarter, with the maximum SST occurring in Phase −90° (29.68°C) and the minimum SST occurring in Phase 90° (29.37°C). The diurnal cycle of SST (dSST) is in phase with the convection cycle, with the minimum dSST occurring during the convectively active phase (0.34°C) and the maximum dSST occurring during the convectively suppressed phase (0.61°C). The fluctuation in the dSST reaches 0.27°C, which is similar to that in the SST (0.31°C). This kind of oscillation can be well explained by the evolution of the sea surface forcing parameters, especially the shortwave radiation and wind speeds, observed from the buoys. In addition, the composite range of the dSST suggests an interesting asymmetry between Phase −90° and 90°. The interaction of the background summer mean state and the 10–30‐day intraseasonal anomalies causes the asymmetry in wind speed between Phase −90° and 90°, which in turn results in the asymmetry in the dSST between these two phases. Since QBWOs are more likely to occur during El Niño developing summers than during El Niño decaying summers, the 10–30‐day intraseasonal SST and dSST variances during El Niño developing summers are stronger than those during El Niño decaying summers.
Endovascular management of portal vein obstruction in hepatobiliary cancer patients
Authors: Ferral Hector , Alonzo Marc J. , Datri Jewel , Hogg Melissa E. , Marsh Robert , Talamonti Mark S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to describe the procedural safety, technical success, and clinical success of endovascular management of portal and mesenteric venous obstruction in patients with hepatobiliary neoplasms.MethodsInstitutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved HIPAA compliant retrospective review of 21 consecutive patients with hepatobiliary malignancies who underwent endovascular portal vein recanalization and stent placement between January 2012 and March 2020. Clinical diagnoses were pancreatic cancer (n = 19), colon cancer metastatic to the liver (n = 1), and cholangiocarcinoma (n = 1). Presenting signs and symptoms included: ascites, abdominal pain, abnormal liver function tests, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Stent patency and patient survival are presented with Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe technical success rate was 100%. A transhepatic approach was used in 20 cases (95.2%); trans‐splenic access in one. Primary stent patency was 95.2%, 84%, and 68% at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. All stent occlusions were caused by tumor progression. A total of 80% of patients reported symptomatic improvement. Patient survival at 10 months was 40%. The early death rate was 4.76%. There were no bleeding complications from the percutaneous tracts.ConclusionEndovascular recanalization with stent placement is safe with high technical and clinical success.
Are otolaryngology residents ready for independent practice? A survey study
Authors: Chen Jenny X. , Riccardi Aaliyah C. , Shafique Neha , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe surveyed otolaryngology program directors (PDs) and recent otolaryngology residency graduates on the operative autonomy of graduating residents and their comfort with independent practice.MethodsAn anonymous survey was sent to otolaryngology PDs and recent graduates of training programs (members of the Young Physicians Section [YPS] of the American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation). Questions were developed around the 14 key indicator procedures (KIPs) defined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.ResultsFifty PDs (43% of PDs) and 152 recent graduates (6% of YPS members) responded. Over 90% of participating PDs felt their graduating residents were either somewhat or extremely comfortable performing 12 out of 14 KIPs. Among the 12 procedures PDs felt their graduating residents were comfortable performing, 57% to 95% of recent graduates also felt either somewhat or extremely comfortable performing them by graduation. Similarly, at least 90% of responding PDs felt their residents achieved meaningful autonomy in the last 2 months of residency prior to graduation for 11 of 14 KIPs. For these same 11 procedures, 74% to 95% of recent graduates indicated they achieved meaningful autonomy. The procedures that PDs and recent graduates felt required the most surgical assistance were ossiculoplasty/stapedectomy, rhinoplasty, and mastoidectomy. All PDs agreed or strongly agreed that graduating residents are comfortable operating and taking call as general otolaryngologists, compared to 86% and 93% of recent graduates.ConclusionMost PDs and recent graduates agree that residents are well‐prepared for general otolaryngology practice with the exception of select KIPs.Level of evidence: 4.
Human impacts alter driver–response relationships in lakes of Southwest China
Authors: Zheng Wenxiu , Zhang Enlou , Wang Rong , Langdon Peter Guy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiodiversity and ecological stability are closely linked, and over recent timescales, anthropogenic impacts have accelerated losses in both from local to global scales. We attempt to show the combined response of diversity and stability of an aquatic community to changes in human activity as a driver. To address this, we measured the diversity and variability of chironomids and their drivers and nature of response to external conditions over the last century, based on 4 lake sediment sequences from Southwest China, one of world's 36 biodiversity hotspots. Our results showed that the driver–response relationship was linear in a lake without direct human impacts but nonlinear in human directly impacted lakes. Recent decreases in alpha diversity and increases in beta diversity were commonly recorded in all four lakes, suggesting that both species loss and a faster replacement of chironomid taxa are a regional phenomenon. However, in the same context of human‐induced global warming, increased variability and regime shifts only occurred in lowland lakes, directly disturbed by humans, highlighting that direct human impacts have overcome natural forcing as the determinant driver shaping the chironomid composition in these sites. In addition, we found that increases in beta diversity occurred prior to a regime shift and its character depends on how the community responds to the key external pressure. Our findings reveal that direct human disturbances have largely reshaped the chironomid composition and induced an earlier regime shift at the cost of species loss, resilience loss, and a change in driver–response type.
A learning health system approach to COVID‐19 exposure notification system rollout
Authors: Tai‐Seale Ming , May Nicole , Sitapati Amy , Longhurst Christopher A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionDigital exposure notification (EN) approaches may offer considerable advantages over traditional contact tracing in speed, scale, efficacy, and confidentiality in pandemic control. We applied the science of learning health systems to test the effect of framing and digital means, email vs Short Message Service (SMS), on EN adoption among patients of an academic health center.MethodsWe tested three communication approaches of the Apple and Google EN system in a rapid learning cycle involving 15 000 patients pseudorandomly assigned to three groups. The patients in the first group received a 284‐word email that presented EN as a tool that can help slow the spread. The patients in the second group received a 32‐word SMS that described EN as a new tool to help slow the spread (SlowTheSpreadSMS). Patients in the third group received a 47‐word SMS that depicted the system as a new digital tool that can empower them to protect their family and friends (EmpowerSMS). A brief four‐question anonymous survey of adoption was included in a reminder message sent 2 days after the initial outreach.ResultsOne hundred and sixty people responded to the survey within 1 week: 2.33% from EmpowerSMS, 0.97% from SlowTheSpreadSMS, and 0.53% from emails; 29 (41.43%), 24 (41.38%), and 11 (34.38%) reported having adopted EN from each group, respectively. Patient reported barriers to adoption included iOS version incompatibility, privacy concerns, and low trust of government agencies or companies like Apple and Google. Patients recommended that healthcare systems play an active role in disseminating information about this tool. Patients also recommended advertising on social media and providing reassurance about privacy.ConclusionsThe EmpowerSMS resulted in relatively more survey responses. Both SMS groups had slightly higher, but not statistically significant EN adoption rates compared to email. Findings from the pilot not only informed operational decision‐making in our health system but also contributed to EN rollout planning in our State.