bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virus-Like Particle–Drug Conjugates Induce Protective, Long-lasting Adaptive Antitumor Immunity in the Absence of Specifically Targeted Tumor Antigens
Authors: Kines Rhonda C. , Thompson Cynthia D. , Spring Sean , Li Zhenyu , de los Pinos Elisabet , Monks Stephen , Schiller John T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study examined the ability of a papillomavirus-like particle drug conjugate, belzupacap sarotalocan (AU-011), to eradicate subcutaneous tumors after intravenous injection and to subsequently elicit long-term antitumor immunity in the TC-1 syngeneic murine tumor model. Upon in vitro activation with near-infrared light (NIR), AU-011–mediated cell killing was proimmunogenic in nature, resulting in the release of damage-associated molecular patterns such as DNA, ATP, and HMGB-1, activation of caspase-1, and surface relocalization of calreticulin and HSP70 on killed tumor cells. A single in vivo administration of AU-011 followed by NIR caused rapid cell death, leading to long-term tumor regression in ∼50% of all animals. Within hours of treatment, calreticulin surface expression, caspase-1 activation, and depletion of immunosuppressive leukocytes were observed in tumors. Combination of AU-011 with immune-checkpoint inhibitor antibodies, anti–CTLA-4 or anti–PD-1, improved therapeutic efficacy, resulting in 70% to 100% complete response rate that was durable 100 days after treatment, with 50% to 80% of those animals displaying protection from secondary tumor rechallenge. Depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, either at the time of AU-011 treatment or secondary tumor rechallenge of tumor-free mice, indicated that both cell populations are vital to AU-011′s ability to eradicate primary tumors and induce long-lasting antitumor protection. Tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell responses could be observed in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells within 3 weeks of AU-011 treatment. These data, taken together, support the conclusion that AU-011 has a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells and induces long-term antitumor immunity, and this activity is enhanced when combined with checkpoint inhibitor antibodies.
The Peach Blossom Spring’s Long History as a Sacred Site in Northern Hunan
Authors: Meulenbeld Mark 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Though long seen uniquely from the perspective of the Chinese literary canon, Tao Qian’s 陶潛 (365?–427) famous “Record of the Peach Blossom Spring” (“Taohuayuan ji” 桃花源記) may find an even more fruitful disciplinary home in religious studies. The story refers itself to a grotto at Wuling 武陵 (present-day northern Hunan province), a site that has been associated with Daoist transcendents (shenxian 神仙) at least since the middle of the sixth century. A Daoist monastery on that same site, the Peach Spring Abbey (Taoyuan guan 桃源觀) or Peach Blossom Abbey (Taohua guan 桃花觀), became officially recognized in 748 and received imperial support not long after. This article studies the long history of Peach Spring as a sacred site, or, as Tao Qian referred to it in his poem, a “divine realm” (shenjie 神界).
The Clash of Security and Sovereignty in Quasi-Alliance
Authors: Ban Kil Joo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Which is needed more: sovereignty or security? The autonomy–security trade-off model sees this as a trade-off between a client and a patron. A client surrenders some measure of autonomy to a patron and, in turn, receives security. This paper explores whether the underlying logic is applicable to quasi-alliances between a state and a multinational regime, such as the United Nations Command (UNC). South Korea has maintained a quasi-alliance with the UNC since the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950. The level of trade-off between South Korea and the UNC, however, has been changing over time, particularly while being affected by the power growth of South Korea, a client, and the preference changes of the US, the most important actor of the UNC, a patron. This paper attempts to explain why South Korea is much more enthusiastic in seeking full sovereignty and more autonomy in the 2018–2019 détente era.
Bande dessinée, propagande missionnaire et masculinité
Authors: Delisle Philippe 
Published: April 2021

Résumé
« Chantal au Katanga », dessiné par Robert Rigot et publié en 1950 dans Âmes Vaillantes, fait écho à la propagande missionnaire et en constitue un vecteur. Ce récit présente la particularité de s’ adresser à des jeunes filles. Mais il s’ inscrit largement dans la lignée de Tintin au Congo, en présentant des missionnaires avant tout civilisateurs et masculins. La force des clichés et le fait que les auteurs soient des hommes expliquent sans doute l’ effacement des religieuses.
The Re-emergence of the Indonesian Islamic State Groups: Their Survival and Modus Operandi
Authors: Machmudi Yon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Islamic State groups under the New Order in Indonesia were represented by various groups and factions, but they originated from the single movement called Darul Islam (DI) led by Kartosuwiryo in West Java. In 1949, Kartosuwiryo – the imam of Darul Islam – declared the establishment of the Indonesia Islamic State in the village of the Cisampah district of Tasikmalaya, West Java with the sole purpose of rejecting the policy of the Republic of Indonesia to withdraw their troops from West Java. DI itself operated in West Java and expanded its influences in South Sulawesi and Aceh. Even though the Darul Islam rebellion was already crushed totally by the state, many movements linked to DI are still apparent and have operated clandestinely. The groups currently associated with Darul Islam have been suspected of their involvements in terrorist activities in Indonesia. Even people who have joined the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) still have a connection with the Darul Islam’s past rebellion. This article tries to analyze the main factors that caused the re-emergence of Indonesian Islamic State group called Negara Islam Indonesia (NII) and how NII becomes the main entry toward terroristic activities.
Utilizing a Storm-Generating Hotspot to Study Convective Cloud Transitions: The CACTI Experiment
Authors: Varble Adam C. , Nesbitt Stephen W. , Salio Paola , Hardin Joseph C. , Bharadwaj Nitin , Borque Paloma , DeMott Paul J. , Feng Zhe , Hill Thomas C. J. , Marquis James N. , Matthews Alyssa , Mei Fan , Öktem Rusen , Castro Vagner , Goldberger Lexie , Hunzinger Alexis , Barry Kevin R. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , McFarquhar Greg M. , McMurdie Lynn A. , Pekour Mikhail , Powers Heath , Romps David M. , Saulo Celeste , Schmid Beat , Tomlinson Jason M. , van den Heever Susan C. , Zelenyuk Alla , Zhang Zhixiao , Zipser Edward J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign was designed to improve understanding of orographic cloud life cycles in relation to surrounding atmospheric thermodynamic, flow, and aerosol conditions. The deployment to the Sierras de Córdoba range in north-central Argentina was chosen because of very frequent cumulus congestus, deep convection initiation, and mesoscale convective organization uniquely observable from a fixed site. The C-band Scanning Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Precipitation Radar was deployed for the first time with over 50 ARM Mobile Facility atmospheric state, surface, aerosol, radiation, cloud, and precipitation instruments between October 2018 and April 2019. An intensive observing period (IOP) coincident with the RELAMPAGO field campaign was held between 1 November and 15 December during which 22 flights were performed by the ARM Gulfstream-1 aircraft. A multitude of atmospheric processes and cloud conditions were observed over the 7-month campaign, including numerous orographic cumulus and stratocumulus events; new particle formation and growth producing high aerosol concentrations; drizzle formation in fog and shallow liquid clouds; very low aerosol conditions following wet deposition in heavy rainfall; initiation of ice in congestus clouds across a range of temperatures; extreme deep convection reaching 21-km altitudes; and organization of intense, hail-containing supercells and mesoscale convective systems. These comprehensive datasets include many of the first ever collected in this region and provide new opportunities to study orographic cloud evolution and interactions with meteorological conditions, aerosols, surface conditions, and radiation in mountainous terrain.
Direct Influence of Solar Spectral Irradiance on the High-Latitude Surface Climate
Authors: Jing Xianwen , Huang Xianglei , Chen Xiuhong , Wu Dong L. , Pilewskie Peter , Coddington Odele , Richard Erik 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNot only total solar irradiance (TSI) but also spectral solar irradiance (SSI) matter for our climate. Different surfaces can have different reflectivity for the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR). The recent NASA Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS-1) mission has provided more accurate SSI observations than before. The TSI observed by TSIS-1 differs from the counterpart used by climate models by no more than 1 W m−2. However, the SSI difference in a given VIS (e.g., 0.44–0.63 μm) and NIR (e.g., 0.78–1.24 μm) band can be as large as 4 W m−2 with opposite signs. Using the NCAR CESM2, we study to what extent such different VIS and NIR SSI partitions can affect the simulated climate. Two sets of simulations with identical TSI are carried out, one with SSI partitioning as observed by the TSIS-1 mission and the other with what has been used in the current climate models. Due to different VIS-NIR spectral reflectance contrasts between icy (or snowy) surfaces and open water, the simulation with more SSI in the VIS has less solar absorption by the high-latitude surfaces, ending up with colder polar surface temperature and larger sea ice coverage. The difference is more prominent over the Antarctic than over the Arctic. Our results suggest that, even for the identical TSI, the surface albedo feedback can be triggered by different SSI partition between the VIS and NIR. The results underscore the importance of continuously monitoring SSI and the use of correct SSI in climate simulations.
Sea Surface Temperature Intercomparison in the Framework of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)
Authors: Yang Chunxue , Leonelli Francesca Elisa , Marullo Salvatore , Artale Vincenzo , Beggs Helen , Nardelli Bruno Buongiorno , Chin Toshio M. , De Toma Vincenzo , Good Simon , Huang Boyin , Merchant Christopher J. , Sakurai Toshiyuki , Santoleri Rosalia , Vazquez-Cuervo Jorge , Zhang Huai-Min , Pisano Andrea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA joint effort between the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) has been dedicated to an intercomparison study of eight global gap-free sea surface temperature (SST) products to assess their accurate representation of the SST relevant to climate analysis. In general, all SST products show consistent spatial patterns and temporal variability during the overlapping time period (2003–18). The main differences between each product are located in the western boundary current and Antarctic Circumpolar Current regions. Linear trends display consistent SST spatial patterns among all products and exhibit a strong warming trend from 2012 to 2018 with the Pacific Ocean basin as the main contributor. The SST discrepancy between all SST products is very small compared to the significant warming trend. Spatial power spectral density shows that the interpolation into 1° spatial resolution has negligible impacts on our results. The global mean SST time series reveals larger differences among all SST products during the early period of the satellite era (1982–2002) when there were fewer observations, indicating that the observation frequency is the main constraint of the SST climatology. The maturity matrix scores, which present the maturity of each product in terms of documentation, storage, and dissemination but not the scientific quality, demonstrate that ESA-CCI and OSTIA SST are well documented for users’ convenience. Improvements could be made for MGDSST and BoM SST. Finally, we have recommended that these SST products can be used for fundamental climate applications and climate studies (e.g., El Niño).
Evaluation of the snow cover in the Soil, Vegetation, and Snow (SVS) land surface model
Authors: Leonardini Gonzalo , Anctil François , Vionnet Vincent , Abrahamowicz Maria , Nadeau Daniel F. , Fortin Vincent 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Soil, Vegetation, and Snow (SVS) land surface model was recently developed at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) for operational numerical weather prediction and hydrological forecasting. This study examined the performance of the snow scheme in the SVS model over multiple years at ten well-instrumented sites from the Earth System Model-Snow Model Intercomparison Project (ESM-SnowMIP), which covers alpine, maritime and taiga climates. The SVS snow scheme is a simple single-layer snowpack scheme that uses the force-restore method. Stand-alone, point-scale verification tests showed that the model is able to realistically reproduce the main characteristics of the snow cover at these sites, namely snow water equivalent, density, snow depth, surface temperature, and albedo. SVS accurately simulated snow water equivalent, density and snow depth at open sites, but exhibited lower performance for subcanopy snowpacks (forested sites). The lower performance was attributed mainly to the limitations of the compaction scheme and the absence of a snow interception scheme. At open sites, the SVS snow surface temperatures were well represented but exhibited a cold bias, which was due to poor representation at night. SVS produced a reasonably accurate representation of snow albedo, but there was a tendency to overestimate late winter albedo. Sensitivity tests suggested improvements associated with the snow melting formulation in SVS.
In Situ Underwater Average Flow Velocity Estimation Using a Low-cost Video Velocimeter
Authors: Lertvilai Pichaya , Roberts Paul L.D. , Jaffe Jules S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of a low-cost Video Velocimeter (VIV) to estimate underwater bulk flow velocity is described. The instrument utilizes a simplified particle image correlation technique to reconstruct an average flow velocity vector from video recordings of ambient particles. The VIV uses a single camera with a set of mirrors that splits the view into two stereoscopic views, allowing estimation of the flow velocity vector. The VIV was validated in a controlled flume using ambient seawater, and subsequently field tested together with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter with both mounted close to the coastal seafloor. When used in non-turbulent flow, the instrument can estimate mean flow velocity parallel to the front face of the instrument with root-mean-squared errors of the main flow within 10% of the ±20 cm/s measurement range when compared to an ADV. The predominant feature of the VIV is that it is a cost-effective method to estimate flow velocity in complex benthic habitats where velocity parallel to the sea floor is of interest.
Rafael Correa’s Decade in Power (2007–2017): Citizens’ Revolution, Sumak Kawsay, and Neo-Extractivism in Ecuador
Authors: Goeury Hugo 
Published: April 2021

In 2006, Rafael Correa was elected president of Ecuador on the promise that his Citizens’ Revolution would represent “a change of era” for the country, notably through the writing of a new constitution. The indigenous concept of sumak kawsay/buen vivir, which represents, among other things, a new development paradigm based on the decommodification of nature, became the guiding principle of this new constitution. While the failed Yasuní-ITT initiative represented an innovative attempt to translate buen vivir into policies, Correa’s reliance on neo-extractivism and the repression of indigenous communities deviated dramatically from the transformative path offered by sumak kawsay. The tensions between the sumak kawsay approach enshrined in the 2008 Constitution and the policies implemented by Correa can be explained, at least partly, by the Citizens’ Revolution’s anticorporatism and the “delegative democratic regime” Correa put into place. En 2006, Rafael Correa fue elegido presidente de Ecuador con la promesa de que su Revolución Ciudadana representaría “un cambio de era” para el país, en particular a través de la redacción de una nueva constitución. El concepto indígena de sumak kawsay/buen vivir, que representa, entre otras cosas, un nuevo paradigma de desarrollo basado en la desmercantilización de la naturaleza, se convirtió en el principio rector de dicha Constitución. Si bien la fallida iniciativa Yasuní-ITT fue un intento innovador de traducir el buen vivir en políticas, la dependencia de Correa del neoextractivismo y la represión de las comunidades indígenas se desvió dramáticamente del camino transformador ofrecido por sumak kawsay. Las tensiones entre el enfoque sumak kawsay consagrado en la Constitución de 2008 y las políticas implementadas por Correa pueden explicarse, al menos en parte, a partir del anticorporativismo de la Revolución Ciudadana y el régimen de democracia delegativa establecido por Correa.
Factors Affecting Dilation Interval in Patients With Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis‐Associated Subglottic and Glottic Stenosis
Authors: Chen Lena W. , Lina Ioan , Motz Kevin , Berges Alexandra J. , Ospino Rafael , Seo Philip , Hillel Alexander T. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveSubglottic stenosis (SGS) is a known complication of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). We investigated the impact of medical and surgical interventions on the surgical dilation interval and characterized patients with glottic involvement.Study DesignA retrospective chart review of patients with GPA‐associated SGS was performed from 2010 to 2019.SettingTertiary academic medical center.MethodsThe impact of medical and surgical interventions on dilation interval was assessed. The prevalence of glottic involvement was assessed, and clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared with patients without glottic involvement.ResultsA total of 39 patients with GPA‐associated SGS were analyzed. Dilation intervals in patients receiving leflunomide (n = 4; median, 484 days; 95% CI, 405‐1099) were greater than in those not receiving leflunomide (median, 155 days; 95% CI, 48‐305; P =. 033). The surgical technique used did not affect dilation interval. Patients with glottic involvement (n = 13) had a greater incidence of dysphonia (13/13 vs 15/26 [58%], P =. 007) and a shorter dilation interval with involvement (median, 91 days; interquartile range, 70‐277) versus without involvement (median, 377 days; interquartile range, 175‐1148; hazard ratio, 3.38; 95% CI, 2.26‐5.05; P <. 001). Of 13 patients, 8 (62%) did not have glottic involvement on first presentation.ConclusionAlthough GPA is classically thought to affect the subglottis, it also involves the glottis in a subset of patients. These patients have greater complaints of dysphonia and require more frequent surgery. Systemic therapy may increase dilation intervals. In this preliminary study, patients taking leflunomide demonstrated an improvement, highlighting the need for further study of immunosuppression regimens in the treatment of GPA‐associated SGS.
Crizotinib for c-MET–amplified advanced NSCLC: a single-center experience
Authors: Tacar Seher Yildiz , Yilmaz Mesut , Oz Buge , Tural Deniz 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. Changes in the treatment of metastatic lung cancer in recent years have made targetable mutations gain importance. MET alteration is one of these driver mutations and crizotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in therapy. Methods: In our study, data of patients with c-MET amplification who received crizotinib treatment between July 2017 and November 2020 in the Medical Oncology Clinic of Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. c-MET scanning was performed by the fluorescent in situ hybridization method by using Cytotest MET/CCP7 probe kit by evaluating 100 tumor cells and the threshold value for positivity was accepted as above 20%. Results: Eight of 28 patients who received crizotinib treatment had c-MET amplification. Seven of these patients were male and one was female. Progression-free survival and overall survival in these eight patients were 9.4 and 10.9 months, respectively, and objective response rate was 50%. Grade 4 nausea was observed in only one patient; there was no grade 4–5 toxicity and no patient discontinued the drug due to toxicity. Conclusion: Crizotinib is an effective treatment option other than cytotoxic chemotherapy in the limited number of patients with MET amplification in the stage 4 lung adenocarcinoma subgroup. It is important to investigate this amplification, which can be detected especially in smoking patients in the appropriate patient group, and to use appropriate tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treatment.
Asymptomatic Medial Elbow Ultrasound Abnormality in Youth Baseball Players Is an Independent Risk Factor for Elbow Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shitara Hitoshi , Tajika Tsuyoshi , Kuboi Takuro , Ichinose Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Hamano Noritaka , Endo Fumitaka , Kamiyama Masataka , Miyamoto Ryosuke , Kakase Kurumi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Takagishi Kenji , Chikuda Hirotaka 
Published: April 2021

Background: Youth baseball players who experience elbow pain during the season frequently exhibit radiographic elbow abnormalities. However, it is unknown whether asymptomatic elbow abnormalities are risk factors for in-season elbow injuries. Purpose: To determine whether the preseason presence of asymptomatic medial epicondyle apophysitis is a risk factor for in-season elbow injuries in youth baseball players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Youth baseball players (N = 210; age range, 7-12 years) with no pain or history of injury in their throwing arms underwent preseason evaluations that included shoulder and elbow range of motion measurements, shoulder muscle strength testing, and ultrasound elbow scans with a multifrequency 13-MHz linear array transducer. Over 1 year of play, the players and their parents maintained daily elbow pain diaries. Elbow injuries were defined as medial elbow symptoms that prevented ball throwing for ≥8 days. Results: The preseason ultrasound evaluation revealed medial epicondyle apophysitis in 59 players. In the year following, elbow injuries occurred in 17 (28.8%) players with preseason medial epicondyle apophysitis and 18 (11.9%) players without apophysitis. Independent predictors of elbow injuries were preseason medial epicondyle apophysitis (odds ratio [OR], 2.488; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.152-5.376; P = .02) and deficits of abduction (ABD) and external rotation of the dominant shoulder (OR, 0.963; 95% CI, 0.936-0.992; P = .012). Conclusion: Asymptomatic medial epicondyle apophysitis and ABD and external rotation deficits in the dominant shoulder were risk factors for elbow injuries in 7- to 12-year-old youth baseball players. These findings may aid in the design of programs to prevent elbow injuries in this population.